gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycoparasitism by <i>Coniothyrium minitans</i> on <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and its Effect on Sclerotial Germination (1984)

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy showed that hyphae of Coniothyrium minitans produced appressorium‐like swellings when they came in contact with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dual culture on PDA. The parasitized hyphae gradually skrank and collapsed, and hyphae of the mycoparasite were found inside the host hyphae. The mycoparasite hyphae grew inter‐ and intracellularly within the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum . In the later stages of parasitism, hyphae of the mycoparasite proliferated extensively within the sclerotia and formed pycnidia near the sclerotial surface. At this stage, the sclerotia became flattened, soft and disintegrated. Sclerotia parasitized by C. minitans failed to germinate either myceliogenically or carpogenically.
Expression of the gene coding for the light chain of calpactin I (annexin II) in cell lines DiFi, HT-29, and WI-38. (1992)

Calpactin I (annexin II) light chain gene messages were expressed in the DiFi and HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines, as well as in the diploid lung fibroblast cell line WI-38. However, expression of an approximately 1.0 kb transcript was stronger in DiFi and HT-29 cells than in WI-38 cells. The moderate to strong expression of such transcripts in DiFi and HT-29 cells indicates that the calcium binding protein, calpactin I, may be abundant in colon carcinoma cells. Calpactin I is the major substrate of pp60v-src, a tyrosine-specific protein kinase encoded by v-src, whose cellular homologue c-src also codes for a tyrosine kinase (pp60c-src), known to be activated in colon carcinomas and in cell lines derived from them (including HT-29). Abundance of calpactin I in such cells is consistent with the possibility that activation of the pp60c-src tyrosine kinase contributes to the origin of human colon cancers.
Motion of a sphere in the presence of a plane interface. Part 2. An exact solution in bipolar co-ordinates (1980)

A general solution for Stokes’ equation in bipolar co-ordinates is derived, and then applied to the arbitrary motion of a sphere in the presence of a plane fluid/fluid interface. The drag force and hydrodynamic torque on the sphere are then calculated for four specific motions of the sphere; namely, translation perpendicular and parallel to the interface and rotation about an axis which is perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the interface. The most significant result of the present work is the comparison between these numerically exact solutions and the approximate solutions from part 1. The latter can be generalized to a variety of particle shapes, and it is thus important to assess their accuracy for this case of spherical particles where an exact solution can be obtained. In addition to comparisons with the approximate solutions, we also examine the predicted changes in the velocity, pressure and vorticity fields due to the presence of the plane interface. One particularly interesting feature of the solutions is the fact that the direction of rotation of a freely suspended sphere moving parallel to the interface can either be the same as for a sphere rolling along the interface (as might be intuitively expected), or opposite depending upon the location of the sphere centre and the ratio of viscosities for the two fluids.
DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS: A CELLULAR NONLINEAR NETWORK PERSPECTIVE (2003)

Large-scale networks of integrated wireless sensors become increasingly tractable. Advances in hardware technology and engineering design have led to dramatic reductions in size, power consumption, and cost for digital circuitry, and wireless communications. Networking, self-organization, and distributed operation are crucial ingredients to harness the sensing, computing, and computational capabilities of the nodes into a complete system. This article shows that those networks can be considered as cellular nonlinear networks (CNNs), and that their analysis and design may greatly benefit from the rich theoretical results available for CNNs.
Color Imagery for Destination Recommendation in Regional Tourism (2010)

This paper presents a novel recommender service system that considers the image as a uniform representation for touristsâ expectations, destinations, and local tourism SMEs. Images carried by each stakeholder role is modeled and managed by several system modules, and they also evolve to reflect the real time situations of each entity. In addition, the system is dynamic in terms of its emphasis on the dynamic relationships among these roles and entities. When interactions occur, image mixing will be conducted to derive extra image attributes for the adjustments of the images. Besides, since colors can be mapped onto emotions, this paper adopts colors to operate the image matching and mixing process in order to find good matches of destinations for the recommendations meeting the touristsâ emotional needs. Although this image related approach we proposed is used in tourism domain, we believe our method could also contribute to other areas of either practical applications or academic studies.
Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Construction site layout of Interbasin Water Diversion Project (2009)

Aiming at the features and the complexity of the inter-basin water diversion project, the multiobjective hierarchical structure model was established based on numerous assessment indexes and initial layout schemes. The model was solved through the improved AHP method with the optimum transfer matrix. The proposed method was successfully applied to the construction site layout of the middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project. It provides a new method for the optimal decision-making of the construction site layout in the water diversion project.
Investigation for the Feasibility of High-Mobility Channel in 3D NAND Memory (2018)

As the number of stacked layers in 3D NAND flash memory increases, the cell current for reading scheme is continuously decreased. The purpose of this paper is to study the integration of alternative channel materials with electron mobility higher than poly-Si (e.g., SiGe, InGaAs) in 3D NAND, as a feasible approach to improve current conduction and to enable further-scaling for future 3D NAND generations. Meanwhile, the industrial-relevant "Macaroni" channel geometry can also be applied in this new type of memory device for better gate controllability and higher cell drive current. A series of simulations are performed with Sentaurus TCAD to clarify the advantages of high-mobility channel materials in 3D NAND. It has been confirmed from the simulation results that the drive-current (Id) reduction for 3D NAND with high-mobility channel is much lower than that for counterpart with poly-Si channel as the number of memory stacked layer increases. Meanwhile, the variation of threshold voltage (Vth) and sub-threshold swing (SS) for high-mobility channel is also small. Therefore, the introduction of high-mobility channel material can be regarded as an effective and practical solution to enable further scaling for future 3D NAND generations with a channel-hole diameter down to 50 nm.
Topoisomerase IIa gene amplification predicts favorable outcome of tailored and dose-escalated anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy in HER-2 positive breast cancer. Results from the randomized trial SBG 9401 (2005)

9518 Background: Amplification of the HER-2/neu and topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) genes has been linked to the effects of anthracyclines. Their role in predicting outcome of anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients has remained controversial. Methods: High-risk breast cancer patients (with 5 or more positive axillary lymph nodes) were included in the present substudy of the SBG 9401 study, comparing an epirubicin-based regimen (9 courses of tailored and dose-escalated 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide; FEC) with 3–4 courses of standard FEC followed by marrow-supported high-dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin (CTCb). Amplification of HER-2/neu and TOP2A were determined retrospectively on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), tissue samples were available from 396/525 (75%) patients. The primary end-point was time to recurrence of breast cancer. Results: HER-2/neu amplification, present in 32.7% of the tumors, was a strong prognostic factor for short relapse-free survival (p=0.0034), but did not predict treatment outcome in either treatment group separately. TOP2A gene amplification, present in 37% of HER-2/neu positive tumors, was associated with a statistically significantly better relapse-free survival than TOP2A non-amplified tumors in patients treated with tailored and dose-escalated FEC (HR=0.44, p=0.049). There was no such correlation seen in patients treated with standard FEC followed by the marrow-supported CTCb regimen (HR=0.95; p=0.87). TOP2A amplification was not associated with tumor size, lymph node status or hormone receptor status. Conclusions: Topoisomerase IIa gene amplification defines a subgroup of HER-2 amplified tumors patients who benefit from the tailored and dose-escalated FEC regimen, indicating that epirubicin should be given with sufficient dose intensity and total dose for a better outcome for this small subgroup. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche Finland Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Hoffmann-La Roche Aventis, Lilly Oncology, Pierre Fabre, Roche
A Method for Determination of Pressure Drop in Caged-Ball and Caged-Disc Prosthetic Cardiac Valves (1989)

This paper describes a simple theoretical and experimental method to determine the pressure drop across mitral caged-ball and caged-disc prosthetic heart valves under steady state flow conditions. The overall pressure drop across any mechanical artificial heart valve is affected not only by its orifice, but also by the poppet design and the entire superstructure of the valve. In this study, the total pressure drop across the prosthesis is considered to be equal to the sum of the pressure drops due to the valve occluder and the orifice. These two pressure drops are analysed separately and then superimposed to obtain the total pressure drop. Experimental total pressure drops at different volume flow rates were obtained using an appropriate pressure transducer. The valves were installed inside a test chamber which enables pressure drop measurements under steady state flow conditions using a blood analog fluid. The theoretical and experimental results of pressure drop are in good agreement, particularly in the physiological range of interest, for both valve types. Also, it was found, as anticipated, that the pressure drop through the tested prosthetic heart valves is mainly due to the orifice flow.
FPGA-based embedded speed limit enforcement system on freeway (2010)

Speeding is recognized as a major contributing factor in traffic accidents on freeway. In order to reduce speed-related accidents, accurate real-time speed limit enforcement system is very critical to freeway. This paper presents an automatic speed limit enforcement system on freeway based on cameras and the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation to achieve this objective. Taking the advantage of the powerful parallel processing architecture of FPGA, this FPGA-based system can provide a real-time, low-cost, high-performance hardware platform for multi-channel video system to achieve real-time image processing. Once the speeding vehicle is detected, the system will immediately record the panoramic view of the vehicle passing and basic characteristics of the vehicle, shoot of the vehicle number plate, the vehicle speed, passing time, etc., and send this information to the monitoring center by the wireless modem through the serial interface and the GPRS network. The experiments indicated that the speed limit enforcement system can detect the vehicle speed accurately and provide the necessary proof for the police to enact punishment.
Ultra‐wideband metal‐plate monopole antenna for laptop application (2004)

Abstract This paper presents a study of an ultra‐wideband (UWB) metal‐plate monopole antenna applied to a laptop for wireless communications. The UWB antenna in this study is a metal‐plate monopole of an inverted‐L shape mounted at the top edge of the supporting metal frame for the laptop display. The UWB antenna shows an operating bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz (1890–6450 MHz), so that it easily cover the UMTS band (1920–2170 MHz) for mobile communication and the 2.4‐GHz (2400–2484 MHz) and 5.2/5.8‐GHz (5150–5350/5725–5875 MHz) bands for WLAN communication. That is, the UWB antenna studied is suitable for application in a laptop capable of UMTS/WLAN dual‐mode operation for wireless Internet access. The radiation characteristics for frequencies across the UMTS and WLAN bands are also presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 384–386, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20478
Utilizing Visco-Elastic Dampers in the Seismic Retrofit of a Thirteen Story Steel Framed Building (1994)

A 13 story steel framed building in Santa Clara Country, California exhibited strong beating effects (torsional coupling) and prolonged building response as result of various seismic events. A study was conducted to determine the reason why this structure performed differently from similar structure in the adjacent area. A lack of inherent damping was found to be the primary cause for poor dynamic behavior. Three 'seismic' dampers were studied for implementation into the structure to reduce the buildings response. The design approach and parameters are presented in this paper. The effectiveness of the chosen damper to various dynamic excitations is compared to the approximately 1% damped existing structure. The results show that the building response can be significantly reduced by the implementation of dampers.
SiGe clock and data recovery IC with linear-type PLL for 10-Gb/s SONET application (2000)

An integrated 10 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is fabricated using SiGe technology, It consists of a linear-type phase-locked loop (PLL) based on a single-edge version of the Hogge phase detector, a LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a tri-state charge pump. A PLL equivalent model and design method to meet SONET jitter requirements are presented. The CDR was tested at 9.529 GB/s in full operation and up to 13.25 Gb/s in data recovery mode. Sensitivity is 14 mV/sub pp/ at a bit error rate (BER)=10/sup -9/. The measured recovered clock jitter is less than 1 ps RMS. The IC dissipates 1.5 W with a -5 V power supply.
Bent crystals by surface grooving method for high-efficiency concentration of hard x-ray photons by a Laue lens (2011)

We present an experimental study on the method of surface grooving for bending crystals for the realization of a hard x-ray Laue lens. Bent Si and Ge crystalline plates were analyzed by x-ray diffraction of their (111) planes at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Crystals diffracted photons from 150 to 700 keV with efficiency peaking 95% at 150 keV for Si. Measured rocking curves of the samples showed flat-topped profiles with their FWHM equal to the crystal bending, i.e., the method of surface grooving proved to evenly bend the crystals, their energy passband being very well controlled. Surface grooving technique has been found to offer both high reproducibility and easy control of diffraction properties of the crystals. Besides, this method is cheap, simple and compatible with mass production, making it a reliable technique for fabrication of a Laue lens, where serial production of crystals should be envisaged. A Laue lens made of crystals bent by surface grooves can lead to significant detection improvement in astrophysical applications.
Autoinhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Rep monomer helicase activity by its 2B subdomain (2005)

DNA helicases catalyze separation of double-helical DNA into its complementary single strands, a process essential for DNA replication, recombination, and repair. The Escherichia coli Rep protein, a superfamily 1 DNA helicase, functions in DNA replication restart and is required for replication of several bacteriophages. Monomers of Rep do not display helicase activity in vitro; in fact, DNA unwinding requires Rep dimerization. Here we show that removal of the 2B subdomain of Rep to form RepDelta2B activates monomer helicase activity, albeit with limited processivity. Although both full length Rep and RepDelta2B monomers can translocate with 3' to 5' directionality along single-stranded DNA, the 2B subdomain inhibits the helicase activity of full length Rep. This suggests an autoregulatory mechanism for Rep helicase, which may apply to other nonhexameric helicases, whereby helicase activity is regulated by the rotational conformational state of the 2B subdomain; formation of a Rep dimer may relieve autoinhibition by altering the 2B subdomain orientation.
Training dental and nondental professionals together: the oral health gerontology fellows program (1988)

This project demonstrated the feasibility of training dental and nondental professionals to develop and implement programs in oral health care of older adults. Eight self-guided study modules were developed and tested. Trainees drawn from dentistry, dental hygiene, nursing, and planning/administration completed a 6-month individualized training program under the guidance of faculty mentors. Program structure, content, and implications are discussed.
Phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I by mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (2008)

Mst1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase and its activation in the heart causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Its myocardial substrates, however, remain unknown. In a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human heart cDNA library with a dominant-negative Mst1 (K59R) mutant used as bait, cTn [cardiac Tn (troponin)] I was identified as an Mst1-interacting protein. The interaction of cTnI with Mst1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in both co-transfected HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) and native cardiomyocytes, in which cTnI interacted with full-length Mst1, but not with its N-terminal kinase fragment. in vitro phosphorylation assays demonstrated that cTnI is a sensitive substrate for Mst1. In contrast, cTnT was phosphorylated by Mst1 only when it was incorporated into the Tn complex. MS analysis indicated that Mst1 phosphorylates cTnI at Thr(31), Thr(51), Thr(129) and Thr(143). Substitution of Thr(31) with an alanine residue reduced Mst1-mediated cTnI phosphorylation by 90%, whereas replacement of Thr(51), Thr(129) or Thr(143) with alanine residues reduced Mst1-catalysed cTnI phosphorylation by approx. 60%, suggesting that Thr(31) is a preferential phosphorylation site for Mst1. Furthermore, treatment of cardiomyocytes with hydrogen peroxide rapidly induced Mst1-dependent phosphorylation of cTnI at Thr(31). Protein epitope analysis and binding assays showed that Mst1-mediated phosphorylation modulates the molecular conformation of cTnI and its binding affinity to TnT and TnC, thus indicating functional significances. The results of the present study suggest that Mst1 is a novel mediator of cTnI phosphorylation in the heart and may contribute to the modulation of myofilament function under a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Deep learning with limited labeled image data for health informatics (2018)

Deep learning is a data-driven technique for developing intelligent systems using a large amount of training data. Amongst the deep learning applications, this thesis focuses on problems in health informatics. Compared to the general deep learning applications, health informatics problems are complex, unique and pose problem-specific challenges. Many of these problems however, face a common challenge: the lack of labeled data. In this thesis, we explore the following three ways to overcome three specific image based health informatics problems: 1) The use of image patches instead of whole images as the input for deep learning. To increase the data size, each image is partitioned into non-overlapping, mid-level patches: This approach is illustrated by addressing the food image recognition problem. Automatic food recognition could be used for nutrition analysis. We propose a novel deep framework for mid-level food image patches. Evaluations on 3 benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves superior performance over baseline convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods. 2) The use of prior knowledge to reduce the high dimensionality and complexity of raw data: We illustrate this idea on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, for diagnosing a common mental-health disorder, the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). MRI has been increasingly used in analyzing ADHD with machine learning algorithms. We propose a multi-channel 3D CNN based automatic ADHD diagnosis approach using MRI scans. Evaluations on ADHD-200 Competition dataset show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. 3) The use of synthetic data pre-training along with real data domain adaptation to increase the available labeled data during training: We illustrate this idea on 2-D/3-D image registration problems. We propose a fully automatic and real-time CNN-based 2-D/3-D image registration system. Evaluations on Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) X-ray images from clinical studies demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms existing methods in accuracy and speed. We further propose a pairwise domain adaptation module (PDA MODULE), designed to be flexible for different deep learning-based 2-D/3-D registration frameworks with improved performance. Evaluations on two clinical applications demonstrate the PDA modules advantages for 2-D/3-D medical image registration with limited data.
A Quantitative Sampling Method for Airborne Sweet Corn Pollen under Field Conditions<sup>1</sup> (1984)

The rate of pollen dehiscence in a sweet corn ( Zea mays L.) plot was measured using a Rotorod Sample ® . Samples were taken from 0700 to 1230 h for 3 days during anthesis. Totals were averaged over the 3 days, and the resulting composite data were used to develop a sampling protocol accurate for determining the rate of pollen release. Results showed that a 10‐min sampling period, with a frequency of at least once every half hour was required to accurately reflect the pollen release rate.
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during cancer chemotherapy (2016)

Evidence from several clinical trials suggests that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation during cancer chemotherapy improves patient outcomes related to chemotherapy tolerability, regardless of the type of chemotherapy used. While the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation during chemotherapy have been the subject of several reviews, the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA improve patient responses through improved chemotherapy tolerability are unclear. There are several barriers currently hindering interpretation and comparison of studies, including small sample sizes, poor patient compliance, and variation in supplementation format and dose. Expansion of standard-of-care for specific patient populations to include n-3 PUFA supplementation concurrent with chemotherapy may reduce costs associated with delayed treatment, toxicities and unplanned hospitalization during cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to identify barriers to understanding mechanisms of host protection, highlight considerations for future clinical trials, as well as to propose potential mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA supplementation improves chemotherapy tolerability and ultimately patient outcomes.