gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a retrieval system using content addressable memory (1989)

Abstract Because of the improvements in LSI technology, larger‐scale CAM's can now be developed at low cost. However, as the amount of data to be handled becomes larger, storing the totality of the data to be searched in CAM's ceases to be cost‐effective. A practical solution is to store the data in other storage devices and partition the full data set into blocks for transfer into the CAM. In such a hierarchical memory system there will occur data transfer bottlenecks and overhead for operations other than searching; furthermore, it is not known what search speed is achievable. In this paper, we therefore make model of such a CAM‐based memory system in order to determine the data transfer overhead, evaluate system performance, and investigate ways of reducing search time. It is concluded that: (1) data transfer time can be reduced more effectively by using a large‐capacity bus or by rapid data access than by using a large, high‐speed CAM; (2) there exists an optimum CAM size and configuration for rapid search; (3) the speed of the control mechanism that transfers the data blocks into the CAM is not critical to system performance.
Inclusion modification in Al-killed valve spring steel by Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> addition (2018)

Hard inclusions with high melting temperatures such as Al2O3 (2054°C) and MgO·Al2O3 (2135°C) generate nozzle blockage problems during continuous casting of Al-killed valve spring steel and are very detrimental with respect to fatigue properties. In the present paper, inclusion modification in Al-killed valve spring steel by Na2CO3 addition was investigated in the laboratory using a graphite tube resistance furnace. The results show that inclusions with high melting temperature can be successfully modified into Na2O-containing inclusions with lower melting temperatures by the addition of Na2CO3. The effectiveness of inclusion modification can be enhanced by increasing the Na2CO3 addition and/or decreasing the amount of Al. This suggests that Na2CO3 addition could possibly be a substitute for Ca treatment as a method for preventing nozzle blockage during continuous casting of Al-killed steel.
Nature of Photovoltaic Action in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2000)

We explain the cause for the photocurrent and photovoltage in nanocrystalline, mesoporous dye-sensitized solar cells, in terms of the separation, recombination, and transport of electronic charge as well as in terms of electron energetics. On the basis of available experimental data, we confirm that the basic cause for the photovoltage is the change in the electron concentration in the nanocrystalline electron conductor that results from photoinduced charge injection from the dye. The maximum photovoltage is given by the difference in electron energies between the redox level and the bottom of the electron conductor's conduction band, rather than by any difference in electrical potential in the cell, in the dark. Charge separation occurs because of the energetic and entropic driving forces that exist at the dye/electron conductor interface, with charge transport aided by such driving forces at the electron conductor/contact interface. The mesoporosity and nanocrystallinity of the semiconductor are important not only because of the large amount of dye that can be adsorbed on the system's very large surface, but also for two additional reasons: (1) it allows the semiconductor small particles to become almost totally depleted upon immersion in the electrolyte (allowing for large photovoltages), and (2) the proximity of the electrolyte to all particles makes screening of injected electrons, and thus their transport, possible.
Miniaturized Systems for Cell-based Assays. (2010)

s3-2 Flow cytometry can immunophenotype cells and assess expression of a limited number of molecules/cell, and the Biacore and Flexchip systems can quantify protein-protein or protein-oligonucleotide interactions. However, there are currently few systems that can quantify cell function in a microfluidic system that is combined with multiplexed analyte measurements. A novel technology capable of assaying different structural and functional characteristics of cells, using blood leukocytes as a prototype cell population, will be described. This chip-based system for functional and phenotypic cell analysis that is based on surface plasmon enhanced plasmonics. Since this microchip assay system is miniaturized, small volumes of blood and minimal amounts of reagents are consumed in the analyses. In this system, multiple different leukocyte subpopulations can be individually captured by antibodies or by MHC/peptide conjugates on a single sensor chip surface. The functional activities of these captured cells can be quantified in real-time by SPEF measurements of cytokines and other secreted proteins. This system also can be adapted to sort cells followed by characterization, which is suggested to be useful for circulating tumor cell assessment. Modifications of this system that incorporating an microcapillary system for chemotaxis also will be described. There is potential for these multiplexed microarray systems in the analysis of biomarker disease signatures, the potential for prognosis of disease processes, and the consequences of disease manipulation.
Cytochrome cd1 Nitrite Reductase NirS Is Involved in Anaerobic Magnetite Biomineralization in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and Requires NirN for Proper d1 Heme Assembly (2013)

The alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense synthesizes magnetosomes, which are membrane-enveloped crystals of magnetite. Here we show that nitrite reduction is involved in redox control during anaerobic biomineralization of the mixed-valence iron oxide magnetite. The cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase NirS shares conspicuous sequence similarity with NirN, which is also encoded within a larger nir cluster. Deletion of any one of these two nir genes resulted in impaired growth and smaller, fewer, and aberrantly shaped magnetite crystals during nitrate reduction. However, whereas nitrite reduction was completely abolished in the ΔnirS mutant, attenuated but significant nitrite reduction occurred in the ΔnirN mutant, indicating that only NirS is a nitrite reductase in M. gryphiswaldense. However, the ΔnirN mutant produced a different form of periplasmic d(1) heme that was not noncovalently bound to NirS, indicating that NirN is required for full reductase activity by maintaining a proper form of d1 heme for holo-cytochrome cd(1) assembly. In conclusion, we assign for the first time a physiological function to NirN and demonstrate that effective nitrite reduction is required for biomineralization of wild-type crystals, probably by contributing to oxidation of ferrous iron under oxygen-limited conditions.
Abnormal lymphocyte function following long-term PUVA therapy for psoriasis (1983)

The surface markers and function of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in patients on long-term therapy with methoxsalen and UV-A radiation (PUVA). Ten patients with psoriasis were selected because they had received a high exposure to PUVA therapy, i.e., more than 200 treatments over 2-6 years with cumulative exposure doses of 1700-6000 J/cm2 UV-A radiation. Results were compared to those obtained with lymphocytes from untreated patients and UV-B treated patients with psoriasis. The PUVA-treated patients had low levels of E rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood and markedly impaired lymphocyte responses following stimulation with optimal and suboptimal doses of mitogens. The sensitivity of lymphocytes to in vitro treatment with PUVA was similar in the three groups of patients. The results of this study indicate that long-term PUVA therapy alters the function and cell-surface markers or distribution of lymphocytes.
Certain aspects of film blowing of low‐density polyethylene (1975)

Abstract This article considers two topics: (1) Cooling of the film bubble and (2) Production of shrinkable film. Heat is transported by conduction, convection, and radiation, but only convection and radiation are relevant for the cooling results. Heat radiation can be calculated with known surface area, temperatures, and emission coefficient. Here we learn that the emission coefficient depends on the film thickness. Heat transfer by radiation amounts to about 15 percent of the total heat transfer. Heat transfer by convection normally can be calculated by known methods assuming ideal flow conditions. Because the flow conditions of the cooling air differ considerably from ideal conditions, known heat‐transfer laws give incorrect results. Therefore, a new formula was set‐up by determining the heat transfer conditions in real experiments. Each blown film is shrinkable, but in most cases the influence of the die on the shrinkage is disregarded. The die causes an important anisotropy in the elastic behavior of the film. Further on, shrinkage is influenced by the degree of bubble deformation, the temperature profile, and the deformation velocity between die exit and freeze line. This is discussed qualitatively. A calculations is not yet possible because of the unknown relaxation behavior of the melt. The shrinkage of an LDPE blown film depends on time and temperature. Time and temperature are exchangeable variables.
Human cathepsin L, a papain‐like collagenase without proline specificity (2015)

Several members of the papain-like peptidase family have the ability to degrade collagen molecules by cleaving within the triple helix region of this difficult substrate. A common denominator of these peptidases is their ability to cleave substrates with Pro in the P2 position. In humans, cathepsin K is the best-known papain-like collagenase. Here, we investigate the collagenolytic activity of human cathepsin L, which is closely related to cathepsin K. We show that, despite lacking proline specificity, cathepsin L efficiently cleaves type I collagen within the triple helix region and produces a cleavage pattern similar to that of cathepsin K. We demonstrate that both enzymes have similar affinities for type I collagen and are able to release proteolytic fragments from insoluble collagen. Moreover, cathepsin K is only approximately fourfold more potent than cathepsin L in releasing fragments from reconstituted fibrils of FITC-labeled collagen. Replacing active site residues of cathepsin L with those from cathepsin K introduces cathepsin K-like specificity towards synthetic substrates and increases the collagenolytic activity of cathepsin L. Replacing three residues in the S2 subsite is sufficient to produce a mutant with collagenolytic activity on par with human cathepsin K. These results provide a basis for engineering collagenolytic activity into non-collagenolytic papain-like scaffolds.
Exploring a financial product model with a two-population genetic algorithm (2004)

This paper describes a successful application of evolutionary computation to a difficult and commercially significant constrained optimization problem. The financial product model, for optimizing mortgage refinancing packages, is introduced. It is a realistic, and very challenging optimization problem, for which standard solvers leave much to be desired. An untuned two-population genetic algorithm (GA) has been remarkably successful in finding good, feasible and nearly optimal solutions. In addition, the genetic solver provides important information for management decision making besides simply a good solution to the model. Finally, the paper undertakes a case study in order to investigate the details of how and why the two-population GA works.
.alpha.-Fluoro Acid and .alpha.-Fluoro Amide Analogs of Acetyl-CoA as Inhibitors of Citrate Synthase: Effect of pKa Matching on Binding Affinity and Hydrogen Bond Length (1995)

An alpha-fluoro acid analog and an alpha-fluoro amide analog of acetyl-CoA have been synthesized. The ternary complexes of these inhibitors with oxaloacetate and citrate synthase have been crystallized and their structures analyzed at 1.7 A resolution. The structures are similar to those reported for the corresponding non-fluorinated analogs (Usher et al., 1994), with all forming unusually short hydrogen bonds to Asp 375. The alpha-fluoro amide analog binds with an affinity 1.5-fold lower than that of a previously described amide analog lacking the alpha-fluoro group. The alpha-fluoro acid analog binds with a 50-fold decreased affinity relative to the corresponding unfluorinated analog. The binding affinities are consistent with increased strengths of hydrogen bonds to Asp 375 with closer matching of pKa values between hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. The results do not support any direct correlation between hydrogen bond strength and hydrogen bond length in enzyme-inhibitor complexes.
Thermal, Fluid Flow, and Tritium Release Problems in Fusion Blankets (1990)

The thermal, fluid flow, and tritium release problems represent a major part of the research and development issues for liquid-metal and solid breeder blankets. The issues are characterized, and recent progress in model development and experiments is described. The issues for liquid-metal blankets are dominated by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects on fluid flow and heat transfer. New design solutions have been proposed, new facilities have been constructed, and models are being developed to address MHD effects. The problems of solid breeder blankets are dominated by tritium release, containment, and inventory. There has been remarkable progress in understanding tritium transport in solid breeders because of successful irradiation experiments of solid breeders in fusion reactors. New models on tritium transport have provided key tools for the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results, A new issue related to thermal control in solid breeder is the subject of active experimental and modeling effort.
Modification of interfacial forces by hydrophobin HFBI (2013)

Using a surface force balance, we have measured the forces between bare (hydrophilic) mica surfaces, and between hydrophobized mica surfaces, in each case coated with the amphiphilic protein hydrophobin (HFBI) from Trichoderma reesei. We additionally characterized these surfaces by contact angle measurements and AFM. The results are consistent with the formation of hydrophobic surfaces exposed by HFBI adsorbed on the hydrophilic substrate, and hydrophilic surfaces exposed by HFBI adsorbed on the hydrophobic substrate. In particular, friction between HFBI surfaces on hydrophobized mica, exposing hydrophilic surfaces, is an order of magnitude lower than friction between HFBI-coated hydrophilic surfaces, which expose the hydrophobic side of the protein to the water interface. This result can be readily understood in terms of the greater hydration level of the exposed outer surfaces in the former case.
Wide field Ritchey-Chretien telescope for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy (2006)

Paper describes novel wide field Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes based on a modified Ritchey-Chretien design. The performance characteristics of aplanatic telescopes are compared with traditional Davies-Cotton reflectors.
Active feedback circuit for minimization of voltage transients during pulsed measurements of semiconductor devices (2001)

The operation of an active feedback circuit that minimizes voltage transients during pulsed-I-V measurements is presented. A field-effect transistor (FET) is used as the nominal device under test (DUT). The feedback circuit detects the sag in drain voltage that is caused by voltage drops produced across both the inductor in the drain bias tee and any series resistance in the drain-current path. The feedback signal consists of the current injected into the drain circuit that is sufficient to minimize the change in drain voltage. The feedback circuit actively synthesizes a small driving-point impedance that is seen by the drain of the DUT and is on the order of 10/sup -2/ /spl Omega/. Larger voltages do not need to be applied to the drain circuit in order to overcome the nominal inductive and resistive voltage drops. Therefore, a low-current power supply can be used to set V/sub ds/ for low- or high-power FETs. Transient responses with and without the use of the feedback circuit are presented. Pulsed-I-V measurements using this feedback method (made less than 1 /spl mu/s after the start of the gate pulse) of a high-power FET are also presented.
The Sensitivity of Flow Cytometry (FCM) Compared with Conventional Cytology in the Detection of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987The Sensitivity of Flow Cytometry (FCM) Compared with Conventional Cytology in the Detection of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma Robert A. Badalament, Marek Kimmel, Helen Gay, Edmund S. Cibas, and Myron R. Melamed Robert A. BadalamentRobert A. Badalament More articles by this author , Marek KimmelMarek Kimmel More articles by this author , Helen GayHelen Gay More articles by this author , Edmund S. CibasEdmund S. Cibas More articles by this author , and Myron R. MelamedMyron R. Melamed More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75598-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Sensitivity of Flow Cytometry (FCM) Compared with Conventional Cytology in the Detection of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 215A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byMessing E, Young T, Hunt V, Roecker E, Vaillancourt A, Hisgen W, Greenberg E, Kuglitsch M and Wegenke J (2018) Home Screening for Hematuria: Results of a Multi-Clinic StudyJournal of Urology, VOL. 148, NO. 2 Part 1, (289-292), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1992. Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 215A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Robert A. Badalament More articles by this author Marek Kimmel More articles by this author Helen Gay More articles by this author Edmund S. Cibas More articles by this author Myron R. Melamed More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Pop-up-bibliotek : På gränsen mellan uppsökande verksamhet och PR (2016)

This master’s thesis in Library and Information Science examines the phenomenon ”pop up library” and how public libraries are working with projects within this area. The method to collecting data is qualitative interviews with represents from five libraries in Sweden. The theoretical framework mainly consists of theories from mar- keting management especially adapted for non-profit organizations and libraries. The main results of the study shows that the purpose of why the libraries are using this method is to attract new users, make the library more available, marketing the library, work with reading promotion, start up and/or develop cooperation’s with other organizations or units within the municipality. One desire with the pop up libraries is to attract people to also visit the physical main library but there is also a fear among the informants that some people will think that the pop up library is the only library in the community. Common factors seen in my informants view of pop-up library are: temporary, unexpected and adapted for the target audience and the environment. Pop up libraries is much about relationships, to build and develop relationships with both partners and prospective users. Pop up libraries can be seen as buzz marketing, an effective way to advertise with small means. By making them into "a hot topic" it generates a buzz and publicity in local media. The pop up libraries in this study are primarily implemented as projects, funded by external project funding. They do not require as much resources to implement but is more difficult to engage in regular activities. The opportunities that libraries see with the pop up library concept is to continue to reach out to new audiences by using new creative ways. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.
Focused iterative testing (2008)

Timing-related defects are among the most difficult types of defects to catch while testing software. They are by definition difficult to reproduce and hence difficult to debug. Not all components of a software system have timing-related defects. For example, either a parser can analyze an input or it cannot. However, systems that have concurrent threads such as database systems are prone to timing-related defects. As a result, software developers must tailor testing to exploit vulnerabilities that occur because of threading. This paper presents the Focused Iterative Testing (FIT) approach, which uses a repetitive and iterative approach to find timing-related defects and target product areas with multithreaded characteristics by executing system tests with a multi-user test suite.
Osmium(iv) complexes TpOs(X)Cl2 and their Os(iii) counterparts: oxidizing compounds with an unusual resistance to ligand substitution (2001)

TpOsIV(X)Cl2 complexes (Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate) are formed upon treatment of TpOs(NPPh3)Cl2 with the protic acids HX: triflic acid (HOTf), HCl, HBr, CF3COOH, and CH3COOH. The reaction with acetic acid is slow but is catalyzed by HOTf. The triflate ligand in TpOs(OTf)Cl2 (1) is remarkably inert and does not undergo simple substitution reactions. For instance, no reaction is observed between 1 and anhydrous Cl− salts, but conversion to TpOsCl3 occurs upon addition of small amounts of H2O or HCl. Substitution appears to be catalyzed by protic reagents. Treatment of 1 with PPh3 or pyridine (py) yields the substituted osmium(III) complexes TpOs(L)Cl2 (L = PPh3, py). A more general route to Os(III) complexes involves reduction of 1 by decamethylferrocene (Cp*2Fe) to give [Cp*2Fe][TpOs(OTf)Cl2], which undergoes substitution at 65 °C forming the Os(III) complexes TpOs(L)Cl2 (L = MeCN, C6H5CN, PPh3, py, imidazole, and NH3) in 70–90% yields. Oxidation of the neutral Os(III) complexes with [NO]BF4 in CH2Cl2 affords Os(IV) salts of the formula [TpOs(L)Cl2]BF4 in near quantitative yields. This indirect synthetic approach yields osmium(IV) complexes that are not accessible by direct substitution. The Os(IV) complexes are strong oxidants, with E1/2 values from +0.00 to +0.70 V in MeCN vs. Cp2Fe+/0. The inertness of the triflate ligand in 1, and the acetonitrile ligand in [TpOs(NCMe)Cl2]BF4, appear to be in part a consequence of the electrophilic character of the Os(IV) center.
Modeling and Control of Mechatronic Systems by Decentralized Descriptor Systems (1995)

Mechatronic systems in descriptor form arise very naturally and conveniently when various subsystems are composed to a complete overall system. Usually the descriptor model is transformed into state-space form. The alternative approach presented in this paper is based directly on the descriptor form. Because of severe requirements concerning real-time and safety aspects, the mechatronic system is separated into interconnected subsystems. The control concept is based on compensating these interconnections by local feedback including decentralized observers. Controlling the motion of a vehicle convoy demonstrates the design procedure.