gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 56: Mast Cell Chymase: An Angiotensin II (Ang II)-Independent Therapeutic Target in the Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart (2013)

Mast cell chymase (CHY), a multifunctional protease with Ang II-forming activity, garnered interest due to the success of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) in the treatment of heart failure. The VALIANT trial evaluated the contribution of this alternate Ang II pathway by adding an AT 1 Ang II receptor blocker (ARB) to an ACEi post-myocardial infarction (MI), but the combination showed no additional benefit, suggesting CHY was unimportant post-MI. However, the role of CHY, independent of its Ang II-forming activity, remains unaddressed. To test this, we first re-evaluated the role of CHY-generated Ang II by blocking the effects of ACE+CHY-generated Ang II using an ACEi+ARB+AT 2 receptor blocker (PD122139) combination (AAA), and compared this to ACEi monotherapy in wild-type (WT) mice. We then addressed the Ang II-independent role of CHY by comparing these therapies in chymase (MMCP-4)-deficient (KO) vs WT mice. WT and KO mice (N=10-20) underwent sham or MI (90-min ischemia-reperfusion) surgery, and were treated daily with vehicle (Veh), ACEi, or AAA 24h post reperfusion. After 14 days, echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses indicated no significant inter-genotype differences in sham animals. In post-MI WT mice, ACEi vs Veh resulted in improved ejection fraction (EF) (34±1.8% vs 28±1.7%; p<0.05) and reduced LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (4.2+0.09 mm vs 4.7±0.1 mm; p<0.05). However, AAA did not result in further improvements in either parameter as compared to ACEi, suggesting that CHY-generated Ang II is unimportant post-MI, confirming VALIANT. While the initial (24-h post-MI) infarct sizes were similar between genotypes (WT: 63±5% vs KO: 65±2% infarct as percent of area at risk; p=0.6), EF was superior in KO vs WT mice in all treatment groups (36±3% vs 28±2% (Veh); 47±3% vs 34±2% (ACEi); 49±3% vs 36±3% (AAA); p<0.05). Further, LV dilatation was also more pronounced in WT mice (LVEDD: 4.7±0.4 mm, WT-Veh vs 4.3±0.5 mm, KO-Veh; p<0.05). ACEi decreased mean arterial pressure post-MI (p<0.01), but not differentially in WT vs KO (Veh: 70±5 mmHg vs 66±3 mmHg; p=0.47; ACEi: 48±3.7 mmHg vs 38±4.8 mmHg; N=6−10; p=0.1). Thus, we conclude that CHY, independent of Ang II, is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of the post-MI heart.
Facilitating Mental Imagery to Improve Mobility After Stroke (2021)

In this issue of Neurology ®, Mihara et al.1 suggest that facilitating plasticity of noninfarcted nodes of the motor network using functional near-infrared spectroscopy–mediated neurofeedback (fNIRS-NFB) may improve aspects of gait and balance after stroke. NIRS signals detect changes in oxygenated blood flow to areas of neural activity (e.g., contralateral primary motor cortex, bilateral supplementary motor areas [SMAs], and cerebellum) on tasks such as walking and foot flexion or extension. These signals can be fed back to patients to try to upregulate their cortical activity when performing mental imagery. Mental imagery of motor tasks produces cortical activation patterns similar to actual practice and has been used to facilitate gains for the arm/hand with modest success.2
Inherited Lung Disease in Children (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cystic Fibrosis Physiotherapy and Promoting Independence Exercise Physiotherapy Management of Babies and Young Children Physiotherapy Management of Older Children and Teenagers Nursing Management for Cystic Fibrosis Care in the Community Conclusion References
Enzymatic Catalysis at Interfaces—Heterophase Systems as Substrates for Enzymatic Action (2013)

Several important enzymatic reactions occurring in nature, such as, e.g., the digestion of fat, proceed only at the interface of two immiscible phases. Typically, these systems consist of an organic substrate, dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase, with a specialized enzyme capable of working at the interface. For adopting such a system for organic synthesis, a stable heterophase system with a large interfacial area is required. These prerequisites can be found in so-called miniemulsions. Such liquid-liquid heterophase systems feature droplets with sizes smaller than 500 nm, and more importantly, these emulsions do not suffer from Ostwald ripening, as conventional emulsions do. Consequently, the droplets show long-term stability, even throughout reactions conducted in the droplets. In this review, we will briefly discuss the physicochemical background of miniemulsions, provide a comprehensive overview of the enzymatically catalyzed reactions conducted in miniemulsions and, as data are available, to compare the most important features to conventional systems, as reverse microemulsions, (macro)emulsions and solvent-based systems.
Chivosazol A, a New Inhibitor of Eukaryotic Organisms Isolated from Myxobacteria. (1995)

A new antibiotic, chivosazol, was isolated from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum strain So ce12. It is a macrocyclic ring with one oxazol ring and a glycosidically bound 6-deoxyglucose (quinovose) at C-11. The antibiotic shows antimicrobial activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi, and is especially potent against mammalian cells. It was not active against bacteria.
Positron emission tomographic imaging of tumors using monoclonal antibodies. Progress report, April 15, 1992--October 31, 1992 (1992)

This research project is developing methods for utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) to increase the clinical potential of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). This report describes the development of methods for labeling MAbs and their fragments with positron-emitting halogen nuclides, fluorine-18 and iodine-124. These nulides were selected because of the widespread availability of F-18 and because of our extensive experience in the development of new protein radiohalogenation methods.
Comparison of two scoring systems for assessment of cardiovascular risk (2005)

In a convenience sample of 508/2497 charts from the Rush University Hypertension Clinic (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004), 117 patients with resistant HTN had two LDL assays at least 6 months apart. We applied ATP III targets of LDL 130 mg/dL for uncomplicated HTN and LDL 100 mg/dL for patients with CHD or CHD risk equivalents. We also evaluated BP control using JNC 7 goals of 140/90 mm Hg with uncomplicated HTN and 130/80 mm Hg for patients with DM.
Multifunctional Silicon Surfaces: Reaction of Dichlorocarbene Generated from Seyferth Reagent with Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon (111) Surfaces (2013)

Insertion of dichlorocarbene (:CCl2), generated by decomposition of the Seyferth reagent PhHgCCl2Br, into the Si-H bond of a tertiary silane to form a Si-CCl2H group is an efficient homogeneous, molecular transformation. A heterogeneous version of this reaction, between PhHgCCl2Br and a silicon (111) surface terminated by tertiary Si-H bonds, was studied using a combination of surface-sensitive infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The insertion of dichlorocarbene into surface Si-H bonds parallels the corresponding reaction of silanes in solution, to produce surface-bound dichloromethyl groups (Si-CCl2H) covering ∼25% of the silicon surface sites. A significant fraction of the remaining Si-H bonds on the surface was converted to Si-Cl/Br groups during the same reaction, with PhHgCCl2Br serving as a halogen atom source. The presence of two distinct environments for the chlorine atoms (Si-CCl2H and Si-Cl) and one type of bromine atom (Si-Br) was confirmed by Cl 2p, Br 3d, and C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The formation of reactive, halogen-terminated atop silicon sites was also verified by reaction with sodium azide or the Grignard reagent (CH3MgBr), to produce Si-N3 or Si-Me functionalities, respectively. Thus, reaction of a hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) surface with PhHgCCl2Br provides a facile route to multifunctional surfaces possessing both stable silicon-carbon and labile silicon-halogen sites, in a single pot synthesis. The reactive silicon-halogen groups can be utilized for subsequent transformations and, potentially, the construction of more complex organic-silicon hybrid systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydrazino‐5H‐pyrimido(5,4‐b)indole and Related Compounds. (1987)

Abstract The 3‐amino‐indol‐2‐carboxylate (I) and formamide are condensed to form the pyrimido‐indolone (IIa) which is sulfurized to (IIb).
Carta de una desconocida (con Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda al fondo) (2008)

A través de una larga carta anónima dirigida al político y escritor Antonio Romero Ortiz, la autora del artículo desvela la identidad de la escritora Concepción Gómez de Cádiz, ausente de los repertorios de escritoras españolas, y perteneciente al círculo de amistades de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda. El contenido de la carta invita a una reflexión sobre la condición de la mujer escritora a mediados del siglo XIX, que no siempre lo fue por amor a la literatura, sino también movida en algunos casos por la necesidad de subsistencia.
Aerobic oxidations of alkanes and alkenes in the presence of aldehydes catalysed by copper salts (1993)

Oxidation of alkanes to the corresponding alcohols and ketones and epoxidation of alkenes can be performed efficiently at room temperature with molecular oxygen (1 atm) in the presence of an aldehyde and a copper salt catalyst such as Cu(OH)2.
CLINICAL SUCCESS OF DISTANT TRANSFER OF FREE SKIN FLAP IN HEAD AND NECK REGIONS BY MICROVASCULAR ANASTOMOSES (1974)

Two cases of clinical success of distant transfer of free skin flap in head and face regions by microsurgical anastomoses are reported. Case 1 is a 31 year old male with cicatricial, alopecia of the scalp and treated by a free hairy scalp transfer. Case 2 is a 20 year old male with burn contracture of the chin and cheeks with ectropion of the lower lip and treated by a free deltopectral skin flap transfer.
Malate, D‐Malate (1999)

Introduction Methods of d-Malate Production Chemical and Physical Methods Biological Methods d-Malate Production from Maleate Maleate Screening of d-Malate Producing Strains Cultivation and Reaction Conditions for the Production of d-Malate Production of d-Malate by Intact Cells Comparison of Manufacturing Processes for Malate Purification and Characterization of Maleate Hydratase Bibliography
Enhanced adhesion at oxide/oxide interfaces by ion beam stitching (1988)

The adhesion of antireflective, porous SiO2 coatings on fused silica substrates has been dramatically improved by irradiation with 200 keV helium ions. The approximately 220-nm-thick coatings consisted of layers of spherical, 20-nm-diam silica particles. Although the as-deposited coatings had only low adhesion, coatings irradiated with doses greater than 1014 He/cm2 passed both adhesive-tape and abrasive-resistance tests. Since these coatings are used on optical elements for 1064 nm high-power lasers, the effect of the helium irradiation on optical transmission was determined.
Mass transport through vertically aligned large diameter MWCNTs embedded in parylene (2012)

We have fabricated porous membranes using a parylene encapsulated vertically aligned forest of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, about 7 nm inner diameter). The transport of charged particles in electrolyte through these membranes was studied by applying electric field and pressure. Under an electric field in the range of 4.4 × 10(4) V m(-1), electrophoresis instead of electroomosis is found to be the main mechanism for ion transport. Small molecules and 5 nm gold nanoparticles can be driven through the membranes by an electric field. However, small biomolecules, like DNA oligomers, cannot. Due to the weak electric driving force, the interactions between charged particles and the hydrophobic CNT inner surface play important roles in the transport, leading to enhanced selectivity for small molecules. Simple chemical modification on the CNT ends also induces an obvious effect on the translocation of single strand DNA oligomers and gold nanoparticles under a modest pressure (<294 Pa).
Analysis of the Fatigue Performance of Notched and Unnotched Graphite/Thermoplastic Composite Laminates (1997)

The present investigation summarizes an evaluation of the effect of fatigue loading on continuous and long discontinuous fiber (LDF) composites manufactured using the AS4/PEKK (poly-ether-ketone-ketone) system. Approximately 100 static and fatigue specimens were tested in a two-phase experimental investigation. In the first phase, LDF AS4/PEKK thermoplastic specimens of 2 layups [0/90/ + 45]. were tested in static tension to determine their respective strengths. Constant amplitude fatigue tests were then conducted to evaluate the behavior of these two LDF composite laminates. Specimens surviving one million cycles were statically tested to failure. In the second phase of the investigation, continuous fiber AS4/PEKK thermoplastic laminates were tested in static tension and in fatigue to evaluate the effect of the discontinuous fiber on composite performance. The effect of a known stress concentration on both material systems was also investigated using specimens having a 0.635 cm center hole. Static tests confirmed a reduction (13%) in unnotched LDF strength compared with continuous fiber thermoplastics. One additional objective was to determine whether the presence of discontinuous fibers, and the resulting stress concentrations, would cause a severe reduction in LDF thermoplastic composite fatigue properties. This was not found to be the case.
A new digital-to-analog conversion algorithm (2003)

An algorithm is described which starts digital-to-analog conversion with the most significant bit. This algorithm can be realized by using only sample/hold circuits, and thus permits high-speed conversion. Error analysis shows that a conversion accuracy of 10 bits or higher is easily obtainable with a monolithic implementation. The architecture of data converters using this algorithm and some experimental results are also given to confirm the principles of operation. it is concluded that the proposed algorithm is universal in that it is applicable to cyclic, successive-approximation, sequential-flash, pipeline, and flash conversion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
atpk1, a novel ribosomal protein kinase gene from Arabidopsis. II. Functional and biochemical analysis of the encoded protein (1994)

The Arabidopsis Atpk1 protein expressed in insect cells and plant cells exhibited multiple sizes consisting mainly of two doublets: p70 (68 and 70 kDa) and p85 (82 and 85 kDa). Extraction of p85 from cells required the presence of SDS, suggesting that p85 is associated with less soluble subcellular components. p70 was extracted by nonionic detergent without SDS, indicating that this form is cytoplasmic. p70 expressed in either Arabidopsis or insect cells underwent serine-specific autophosphorylation, indicating that Atpk1 is a protein-serine kinase. A point mutation (lysine 163 to arginine) in the ATP-binding site of the catalytic domain substantially diminished activity when expressed in insect cells. A 14-kDa protein (p14) was co-immunoprecipitated with p70 from insect cells expressing wild-type Atpk1 and was phosphorylated in immune complex kinase assays with Atpk1, suggesting it is a homolog of a natural substrate of Atpk1. Two plant ribosomal proteins (14 and 16 kDa) can be phosphorylated by the Atpk1 protein kinase, and we propose that Atpk1 is a novel ribosomal protein kinase. A 60-kDa form of Atpk1 derived from the insect cell-expressed p70 was more highly phosphorylated than p70 in in vitro kinase assays, suggesting a negative regulatory domain can be removed by proteolysis.
Development of Capsules for Administering Drugs or Collecting Specimens in the Intestine (1987)

Sampling capsules were developed. At the desired site in a digestive tract, the contents can be collected by the capsules. A resonance circuit composed of the Ni-Ti coil and tip condenser was installed in a capsule, and the capsule was operated by high frequency wave irradiation, 2.7 MHz, from outside of the body. The capsule couldbe successfully operated in water irradiated 6 cm apart from the capsule. By the aid of the specific suction valves, a sample of more than 100μl can be collected, and the valve is helpful to prevent backflow. For practical purposes, the price and size of the high frequency induction heating apparatus should be examined further.
Characterization and Leach Testing for REDOX Sludge and S-Saltcake Actual Waste Sample Composites (2008)

This report describes processing and analysis results of boehmite waste type (Group 5) and insoluble high Cr waste type (Group 6). The sample selection, compositing, subdivision, physical and chemical characterization are described. Extensive batch leach testing was conducted to define kinetics and leach factors of selected analytes as functions of NaOH concentration and temperature. Testing supports issue M-12 resolution for the Waste Treatment Plant.
Experimental and computer simulation determination of the structural changes occurring through the liquid–glass transition in Cu–Zr alloys (2010)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed of the structural changes occurring through the liquid–glass transition in Cu–Zr alloys. The total scattering functions (TSF), and their associated primary diffuse scattering peak positions (K p), heights (K h) and full-widths at half maximum (K FWHM) were used as metrics to compare the simulations to high-energy X-ray scattering data. The residuals of difference between the model and experimental TSFs are ∼0.03 for the liquids and about 0.07 for the glasses. Over the compositional range studied, Zr1− x Cu x (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9), K p, K h and K FWHM show a strong dependence on composition and temperature. The simulation and experimental data correlate well between each other. MD simulation revealed that the Cu–Zr bonds undergo the largest changes during cooling of the liquid, whereas the Cu–Cu bonds change the least. Changes in the partial-pair correlations are more readily seen in the second and third shells. The Voronoi polyhedra (VP) in glasses are dominated by only a few select types that are compositionally dependent. The relative concentrations of the dominant VPs rapidly change in their relative proportion in the deeply undercooled liquid. The experimentally determined region of best glass formability, x Cu ∼ 65%, shows the largest temperature dependent changes for the deeply undercooled liquid in the MD simulation. This region also exhibits very strong temperature dependence for the diffusivity and the total energy of the system. These data point to a strong topological change in the best glass-forming alloys and a concurrent change in the VP chemistry in the deeply undercooled liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simplified Procedure for the Efficient Conversion of Aromatic Aldehydes into Esters. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Delivery of mirror image polypeptides into cells (2014)

Mirror image peptides have unique stability and immunogenic properties in mammals, making them attractive agents to investigate. Their properties inside cells have been mostly unexplored because biopolymers are difficult to transport across cellular membranes. Here, we used protective antigen (PA) from anthrax toxin to deliver mirror image polypeptide cargo into the cytosol of mammalian cells when conjugated to the C-terminus of the PA-binding domain of lethal factor, LF<sub>N</sub>. We found mirror image polypeptides and proteins were translocated as efficiently into cells as their L counterparts. Once in the cytosol, by the use of western blot, we found that d peptides at the C-terminus of LF<sub>N</sub> were able to achieve higher steady state concentrations when compared to the l-peptide conjugate. With this platform, we delivered a d-peptide MDM2 antagonist to disrupt the p53/MDM2 interaction in cancer cells. For the first time, we show the PA/LF<sub>N</sub> system is adaptable for the intracellular delivery of mirror image peptides and proteins.
Different Effects of Aging on the Opioid Mechanisms Controlling Gonadotropin and Cortisol Secretion in Man (1989)

The present study was undertaken in order to assess the influence of aging on the endogenous opioid control of gonadotropin and adrenocorticotropin/cortisol secretion in man. For this purpose, the capability of the opioid antagonist naloxone to increase circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and cortisol was tested in male subjects of different ages. Thirty normal men were randomly chosen and divided into 3 groups by age: group I = 22-40 years (n = 10); group II = 41-59 years (n = 10); group III = 62-80 years (n = 10). Since the men of group III showed higher basal serum gonadotropin concentrations than the subjects of group I and group II, we selected from a large population a fourth group of elderly men with normal basal LH and FSH levels: group IV = 61-82 years (n = 7). All subjects were tested for 120 min during the intravenous administration of naloxone (4 mg given in an intravenous bolus at time 0, plus 10 mg infused for 2 h). Control tests with normal saline instead of naloxone were performed in all groups. All subjects had similar blood testosterone and cortisol levels, whereas LH and FSH concentrations were significantly higher in group III than in groups I, II and IV. Naloxone increased plasma cortisol concentrations by 50% in all groups. The cortisol secretory response followed a similar pattern regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of SNP profiles in patients with major depressive disorder (2005)

The present study focused on 91 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 candidate genes to find associations with major depressive disorder (MDD). In total, 160 healthy controls and 177 patients with MDD were studied. We applied arrayed primer extension (APEX) based genotyping technology followed by association and haplotype analysis. SNPs in CCKAR, DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2C genes showed nominally significant associations with MDD. None of these associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. Haplotype analysis revealed CCKAR haplotypes to be associated with MDD (global p=0.004). More precisely, we found the GAGT haplotype to be associated with increased risk for MDD (OR 7.42, 95% CI 2.13-25.85, p=0.002). This haplotype effect remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p=0.04 after Bonferroni's adjustment). Altogether we were able to find some nominal associations, but due to small sample size these results should be taken as exploratory. However, the effect of GAGT haplotype on the CCKAR gene may be considered as increasing the risk for MDD.
Experimental results of an ejector drive micro turbine generator (2010)

This paper reports on the design, thermodynamic cycle, and experimental results of an ejector-driven \nmicro turbine generator. For this cycle, an ejector, as opposed to a compressor, creates a pressure gradient to drive \na turbine. When connected to a micro-generator and an ethanol vapor boiler, a power output of 7.5 mW is delivered \nto a resistive load of 300 Ω at an angular velocity of 27,360 RPM.