gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an Ingredient Containing Apple Peel, as a Source of Polyphenols and Dietary Fiber (2010)

Apple peel is a waste product from dried apple manufacture. The content of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and mineral are higher in apple peel, compared to other edible parts of this fruits. The objective of this study was to develop an ingredient from Granny Smith apple peel, using a pilot scale double drum-dryer, as drying technology. The control of all steps to maximize the retention of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber was considered. Operational conditions, such as drying temperature and time were determined, as well as important preprocessing steps like grinding and PPO inhibition. In addition, the physical-chemical characteristics, mineral and sugar content, and technological functional properties such as water retention capacity, solubility index, and dispersability among others, were analyzed. A simple, economical, and suitable pilot scale process, to produce a powder ingredient from apple peel by-product, was obtained. The drying process includes the application of ascorbic acid at 0.5% in the fresh apple peel slurry, drum-dryer operational conditions were 110 degrees C, 0.15 rpm and 0.2 mm drum clearance. The ingredient developed could be considered as a source of phenolic compounds (38.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry base) and dietary fiber (39.7% dry base) in the formulation of foods. Practical Application: A method to develop an ingredient from Granny Smith apple peel using a pilot scale double drum-dryer as drying technology was developed. The method is simple, economical, feasible, and suitable and maximizes the retention of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber present in the raw matter. The ingredient could be used in the formulation of foods.
The ENCODE Blacklist: Identification of Problematic Regions of the Genome (2019)

Functional genomics assays based on high-throughput sequencing greatly expand our ability to understand the genome. Here, we define the ENCODE blacklist- a comprehensive set of regions in the human, mouse, worm, and fly genomes that have anomalous, unstructured, or high signal in next-generation sequencing experiments independent of cell line or experiment. The removal of the ENCODE blacklist is an essential quality measure when analyzing functional genomics data.
Overview of the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis with traditional Chinese medicine (2012)

Carotid arteries are the windows of the whole body's arteries,therefore,the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis is of great importance to the prevention and cure of atherosclerosis as well as other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.This essay reviewed the treatment of CAS with traditional Chinese medicine in the following parts:the causation and pathogenesis,the treatment with TCM compound recipe,single TCM herbal and TCM herbal extract.
Chemical Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite from Oyster Shell by Thermo-Chemical Process (2015)

Oyster shell is basically made of calcium carbonate. An attempt is made to convert calcium carbonate of oyster shell to hydroxyapatite (HA), a substitute material for bone and teeth in orthopedic and dentistry field due to their chemical and biological similarity to human hard tissue. In the present work, hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully synthesized by wet precipitation method using Ca (NO 3 ) 2 , and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , and NH 4 OH as starting materials. The oyster shell was found to decompose within 1000 0 C to all the carbonate phases. The calcined oyster shells were then treated with acids followed by different chemicals in ammoniacal media maintaining proper stoichiometry to produce fine hydroxyapatite (HA) as filter cake with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67. The dried HA powder was extremely pure. Different characterization techniques were adopted both for calcined oyster shell and HA by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The absorption bands corresponding to phosphate and hydroxyl functional group which are characteristics of hydroxyapatite were confirmed by FTIR. Besides its effectiveness in bone substitution, the prepared HA holds great potential in the field of dental application.
Directed Networks of Online Chats: Content-Based Linking and Social Structure (2012)

Online chats are recently shown to result in long term associations among users, represented by a directed weighted network, similar to dialogs in online social networks. We consider the persistent network which emerges from user-to-user communications found in the empirical dataset from IRC Ubuntu channel. The structure of these networks is determined by computing topological centrality measures, link correlations and community detection, and by testing validity of the "social ties" hypothesis. To unravel underlying linking mechanisms, we further study type of messages exchanged among users and users with Web bots, and their emotional content, annotated in the texts of messages. We find that the ranking of the users according to the frequency of their messages obeys Zipf's law with a unique exponent for each message type. Furthermore, the specific hierarchical structure of the network with a strong core as well as its social organization are shown to be closely related with the most frequently used message types and the amount of emotional arousal in them.
Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB induction by cAMP antagonizes interleukin-1-induced human macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor expression (2001)

We have recently reported that interleukin-1α (IL-1α) can induce human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) expression through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and treatment of human pancreatic MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells with forskolin or cAMP attenuated the NF-κB activation as well as M-CSF expression. In this study, we have further investigated the mechanism of cAMP attenuation. MIA PaCa-2 cells were incubated with forskolin or dibutyryl-cAMP and then stimulated with IL-1 for 1h. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated by anti-inhibitory κB (IκB) kinase-β (IKKβ) antibody and the immune complex assayed for kinase activity using recombinant inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) as substrate. The levels of IKKβ in the respective cellular proteins were measured by subsequent Western blot. The results show that the level of IKK protein remains constant in the presence of cAMP, forskolin and/or IL-1, whereas IKK activity was robustly stimulated by IL-1. Nonetheless, dibutyryl-cAMP or forskolin did not affect the IKK activation induced by IL-1. This experiment suggests that elevated cAMP has no effect on IKK activity. IκBα protein level decreased markedly in IL-1-treated cells compared with the untreated. By contrast, cells treated with cAMP or forskolin possessed discernibly higher IκBα levels. In addition, we observed that forskolin potentiated and prolonged the IL-1-induced IκBα mRNA levels, whereas it did not stabilize the IκBα mRNA message. Wholly, these studies indicate that elevated cAMP antagonizes IL-1-induced M-CSF transcription by up-regulating IκBα gene induction and its consequent attenuation of NF-κB activation.
An Attention-Driven Approach of No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel method of no-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA), which is to predict the perceptual quality score of a given image without using any reference image. The proposed method harnesses three functions (i) the visual attention mechanism, which affects many aspects of visual perception including image quality assessment, however, is overlooked in the NR-IQA literature. The method assumes that the fixation areas on an image contain key information to the process of IQA. (ii) the robust averaging strategy, which is a means \--- supported by psychology studies \--- to integrating multiple/step-wise evidence to make a final perceptual judgment. (iii) the multi-task learning, which is believed to be an effectual means to shape representation learning and could result in a more generalized model. To exploit the synergy of the three, we consider the NR-IQA as a dynamic perception process, in which the model samples a sequence of "informative" areas and aggregates the information to learn a representation for the tasks of jointly predicting the image quality score and the distortion type. The model learning is implemented by a reinforcement strategy, in which the rewards of both tasks guide the learning of the optimal sampling policy to acquire the "task-informative" image regions so that the predictions can be made accurately and efficiently (in terms of the sampling steps). The reinforcement learning is realized by a deep network with the policy gradient method and trained through back-propagation. In experiments, the model is tested on the TID2008 dataset and it outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the model is very efficient in the sense that a small number of fixations are used in NR-IQA.
Robust homography for real-time image un-distortion (2013)

Stereoscopic 3D film production has increased the need for efficient and robust camera calibration and tracking. Many of these tasks involve making planar correspondence and thus accurate fast homography estimation is essential. However, homography estimation may fail with distorted images since the planar projected corners may be distorted far away from the “perfect” locations. On the other hand, precisely estimating lens distortion from a single image is still a challenge, especially in real-time applications. In this paper, we drop the assumption that the image distortion is negligible in homography estimation. We propose robust homography as a simple and efficient approach which combines homography mapping and image distortion estimation in a least square constraint. Our method can simultaneously estimate homography and image distortion from a single image in real-time. Compared with previous methods, it has two advantages: first, un-distortion can be achieved with little overhead due to the need for only a single calibration image and the real-time homography mapping of easy to track corners; second, due to the use of precise calibration targets the accuracy of our method is comparable to the multiple image calibration methods. In an experimental evaluation, we show that our method can accurately estimate image distortion parameters in both synthetic and real images. We also present its applications in close range un-distortion and robust corner detection.
Open-domain personalized dialog system using user-interested topics in system responses (2015)

We built a personalized example-based dialog system that constructs its responses by considering entities that the user has uttered, and topics in which the user has expressed interest. The system analyzes user input utterances, then uses DBpedia and Freebase to extract relevant entities and topics. The extracted entities and topics are stored in personal knowledge memory and are used when the system selects responses from the example database and generates responses. We conducted a human experiment in which evaluators rated dialog systems based on subjective metrics. The proposed dialog system that uses topics that are of interest to the user achieved higher evaluation scores for both personalization and satisfaction than the baseline systems. These results demonstrate that the use of topics in the system response provides a sense that the system pays attention to the user's utterances; as a consequence the user has a satisfactory dialog experience.
A simulation analysis of demand and fleet size effects on taxicab service rates (1987)

The research presented in this paper was directed at understanding the dynamic interaction between demand, service rate, and policy alternatives in a typical urban taxi system. The general nature of such systems is discussed and a SLAM II simulation model of the system introduced. A series of experiments with the model indicate that customer waiting time is relatively insensitive to changes in demand but highly sensitive to changes in the number of taxi cabs.
Advances in 4D Printing: Materials and Applications (2018)

Abstract 4D printing has attracted tremendous interest since its first conceptualization in 2013. 4D printing derived from the fast growth and interdisciplinary research of smart materials, 3D printer, and design. Compared with the static objects created by 3D printing, 4D printing allows a 3D printed structure to change its configuration or function with time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, water, etc., which makes 3D printing alive. Herein, the material systems used in 4D printing are reviewed, with emphasis on mechanisms and potential applications. After a brief overview of the definition, history, and basic elements of 4D printing, the state‐of‐the‐art advances in 4D printing for shape‐shifting materials are reviewed in detail. Both single material and multiple materials using different mechanisms for shape changing are summarized. In addition, 4D printing of multifunctional materials, such as 4D bioprinting, is briefly introduced. Finally, the trend of 4D printing and the perspectives for this exciting new field are highlighted.
Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Studies on Some Ternary Complexes of Cu(II) with Acetylacetone and Various Salicylic Acids (1986)

Abstract Ternary complexes of Cu(II) with acetylacetone and various salicylic acids (viz., salicylic, 5-chloro-, 3,5-dibromo-, 3,5-dinitro-, thio-, and acetyl-salicylic acids) were synthesised in pure state and these complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, conductivity, IR data and optical absorption. The antibacterial and antifungal activity studies on these complexes revealed that the ternary complexes are better toxic agents than the binary complexes against certain bacteria and fungi studied. The lipo-philic tendency of these complexes was also studied. Ascorbic acid markedly decreases the antimicrobial activity of the ternary complexes while traces of cobalt completely suppresses their toxic action in many cases. Based on these results probable mechanisms for the antimicrobial activity of these complexes are discussed.
Generalized GNSS Signal Carrier Tracking—Part II: Optimization and Implementation (2017)

This paper presents the performance analysis and the optimizations of the generalized phase locked loop (PLL) and the generalized frequency locked loop (FLL). Using the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion as a performance measure, the optimal solutions for the generalized PLL and FLL designs under various scenarios: strong and weak signal strength, low and high dynamic, and good and poor oscillator quality are investigated. An adaptive PLL based on automatically adjustment of the integration time and loop parameters in an optimized manner is proposed. An adaptive FLL that operates with the optimal loop parameters is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed generalized closed-loop tracking architecture and validate the proposed adaptive tracking schemes.
Role of Procollagen mRNA Levels in Controlling the Rate of Procollagen Synthesis (1983)

Two factors must be present for primary avian tendon cells to commit 50% of their total protein production to procollagen: ascorbate and high cell density. Scorbutic primary avian tendon cells at high cell density (greater than 4 X 10(4) cells per cm2) responded to the addition of ascorbate by a sixfold increase in the rate of procollagen synthesis. The kinetics were biphasic, showing a slow increase during the first 12 h followed by a more rapid rise to a maximum after 36 to 48 h. In contrast, after ascorbate addition, the level of accumulated cytoplasmic procollagen mRNA (alpha 2) showed a 12-h lag followed by a slow linear increase requiring 60 to 72 h to reach full induction. At all stages of the induction process, the relative increase in the rate of procollagen synthesis over the uninduced state exceeded the relative increase in the accumulation of procollagen mRNA. A similar delay in mRNA induction was observed when the cells were grown in an ascorbate-containing medium but the cell density was allowed to increase. In all cases, the rate of procollagen synthesis peaked approximately 24 h before the maximum accumulation of procollagen mRNA. The kinetics for the increase in procollagen synthesis are not, therefore, in agreement with the simple model that mRNA levels are the rate-limiting factor in the collagen pathway. We propose that the primary control point is at a later step. Further support for this idea comes from inhibitor studies, using alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl to block ascorbate action. In the presence of 0.3 mM alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl there was a specific two- to threefold decrease in procollagen production after 4 h, but this was unaccompanied by a drop in procollagen mRNA levels. Therefore, inhibitor studies give further support to the idea that primary action of ascorbate is to release a post-translational block.
Dropout Feature Ranking for Deep Learning Models (2017)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art results in a variety of domains. Unfortunately, DNNs are notorious for their non-interpretability, and thus limit their applicability in hypothesis-driven domains such as biology and healthcare. Moreover, in the resource-constraint setting, it is critical to design tests relying on fewer more informative features leading to high accuracy performance within reasonable budget. We aim to close this gap by proposing a new general feature ranking method for deep learning. We show that our simple yet effective method performs on par or compares favorably to eight strawman, classical and deep-learning feature ranking methods in two simulations and five very different datasets on tasks ranging from classification to regression, in both static and time series scenarios. We also illustrate the use of our method on a drug response dataset and show that it identifies genes relevant to the drug-response.
Multiplication of Pasteurella multocida in the spleen, liver and blood of turkeys inoculated intravenously. (1971)

After intravenous inoculation of Pasteurella multocida into turkeys the number of organisms increased over 100 times in the liver and 75 times in the spleen three hours after inoculation, but there was no increase in the blood. Between three and 15 hours after inoculation there was no change in the number of organisms in the liver and spleen. The number of organisms rose steadily between 15 and 22 hours after inoculation. After 22 hours there was a very significant increase in numbers of organisms in the liver, spleen and blood. It was found that the increase in number of organisms in the blood occurred rapidly between 22 and 28 hours after inoculation when the number of bacteria in the liver and spleen reached its peak. It appears that the bacteria from the liver and spleen invaded the blood before the death of the turkeys.
Comparison of dot blot with in‐situ hybridization for the detection of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in urethral exudate (1989)

Dot blot hybridization and in-situ hybridization with DNA probes prepared from total genomic gonococcal DNA were compared with Gram staining and culturing for the detection of gonococci in urethral exudates. Fifteen of 60 patients were positive by at least one of the four methods. Gram staining and in-situ hybridization scored best with 13 positives but culture and dot blot hybridization yielded only 10 and 9 positives respectively. The failure to detect gonococci in culture can be explained by overgrowth in one case and possibly self medication with ampicillin before culture in another. The in-situ hybridization test is a fast and sensitive hybridization method for the detection of gonococci in urethral exudate from men.
High Temperature Drilling Fluids in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin, Australia (1986)

ABSTRACT Several wells with bottom hole temperatures in excess of 400°F have been drilled in South Australia. Two early wells were drilled with Lignite-Lignosulfonate fluids and two recent wells used a newly introduced high temperature polymer system. A brief comparison of these high temperature wells has been made. The effects of temperature on the performance and properties of the polymer system are examined and the need for further improvements in the area of high temperature drilling fluids is also considered.
Italian Oil and Gas Resources (1953)

Producing and prospective oil and gas provinces of Italy are parts of an extensive sedimentary basin which occupied the Po basin, the east coast of the peninsula, and southern Sicily in upper Tertiary time. They are characterized by the presence of a thick series of marine marls, clays, and sands overlying Mesozoic limestones and shales, and locally concealed by horizontal Quaternary deposits. Details of oil and gas occurrence, exploration, and development are given for the Po basin, and surface indications and possibilities are summarized for the Marches-Abruzzi coastal plain, the Campanian and Lucanian basins, south Sicily, and four small Quaternary embayments on the west coast.
Problem of speech pulling and its implementation for the design of phase-locked SSB radio systems (1981)

In the paper, the effect of speech interference on the performance of long-loop phase-locked VHF SSB radio systems is evaluated, It is shown that unless the system's reference tone is adequately protected by suitable filtering in the transmitter's audio processing, the problem of ‘speech puffing’ may occur with severe degradationin intelligibility. Furthermore, residual FM modulation of the VCO's control line (the first local oscillator) through speech interference degrades the oscillator's output spectrum with possible reduction in adjacent-channel rejection. After analysing the effect of interfering sinusoidal signals on in-lock-loop per formance, filter design criteria are established for pilot-carrier and in-band-tone SSB systems, and the theoretically predicted results are verified experimentally. Finally, alternate phase-locked receiver configurations are suggested in an attempt to overcome first-oscillator spectrum degradation in long-loop receivers.