gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Spine Anomalies in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (1987)

Neuropathological findings in the brain of a 4-month-old child born to a chronic alcoholic mother were microcephaly, uncovered rostral region of the insula, disordered arrangement of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar abnormalities, and glial meningeal heterotopies. In addition, impregnantion of neurons by means of the Golgi method showed decreased numbers of dendritic spines and predominance of spines with long, thin pedicles on cortical pyramidal cells. A significant reduction in the number of DS (Student t test; p less than 0.001) on the apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons was demonstrated in this patient when compared with similar counts performed in the brain of controls aged newborn, three months and four months. Reduced numbers of DS and abnormal geometry of spines observed in this child suggest that an abnormal maturation of nerve cells may occur in children, like it has also been demonstrated to occur in rodents, as a consequence of chronic ethanol consumption during gestation.
The Structural Basis of Substrate Promiscuity in Glucose Dehydrogenase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (2006)

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus grows optimally above 80 degrees C and utilizes an unusual, promiscuous, non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway to metabolize both glucose and galactose. The first enzyme in this pathway, glucose dehydrogenase, catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconate, but has been shown to have activity with a broad range of sugar substrates, including glucose, galactose, xylose, and L-arabinose, with a requirement for the glucose stereo configuration at the C2 and C3 positions. Here we report the crystal structure of the apo form of glucose dehydrogenase to a resolution of 1.8 A and a complex with its required cofactor, NADP+, to a resolution of 2.3 A. A T41A mutation was engineered to enable the trapping of substrate in the crystal. Complexes of the enzyme with D-glucose and D-xylose are presented to resolutions of 1.6 and 1.5 A, respectively, that provide evidence of selectivity for the beta-anomeric, pyranose form of the substrate, and indicate that this is the productive substrate form. The nature of the promiscuity of glucose dehydrogenase is also elucidated, and a physiological role for this enzyme in xylose metabolism is suggested. Finally, the structure suggests that the mechanism of sugar oxidation by this enzyme may be similar to that described for human sorbitol dehydrogenase.
Synthesis of Thio Derivatives of Phenobarbital and Its N-Methyl Derivatives (2004)

Differently substituted thio derivatives of phenobarbital and its N-mono- and N,N'-dimethyl derivatives were obtained by thionation of respective substrates with Lawesson's reagent. The structure of the products not described in the literature was confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. The spectral properties allow to differentiate between positional isomers of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOPOLYMOLYBDATES AND ISOPOLYTUNGSTATES (1977)

Abstract Übersicht über den Stand der Forschung einschließlich der Probleme bei der Charakterisierung ( ;z.B. Nomenklatur) der Spezies, einem detaillierten Überblick über die Untersuchungsmethoden und einer Abhandlung der Bildungsmechanismen der Polymetallate.
Application of Chromatography. XXII. Chemical Assay of Insulin Preparations. (1955)

When subjected to paper electrophoresis under the present conditions (buffer, Theorell buffer solution of pH 9∼11 ; ionic strength, 0.07 ; electric pressure, 300 v ; time, 5 hours) insulin migrated towards the anode by ca. 4 cm., forming a clear band. The insulin band was located by duplicate method, cut out, and eluted with water. The eluate was decomposed by the micro-Kjedahl method and nitrogen in the product determind by azotometry. From the comparison of the results with those of biological assay it was concluded that the present chemical method is applicable for determining the potency of insulin preparations.
Polydialkyl‐ and polydiphenyltin oxides: Physical properties and chemical reactions (1961)

Abstract Polydimethyltin oxide, polydi‐ n ‐butyltin oxide, polydi‐ n ‐octyltin oxide and polydiphenyltin oxide have been shown to have the structure: magnified image Only the polydi‐ n ‐octyltin oxide was soluble in xylene and in this case a number‐average molecular weight measurement showed that n was 25. The other polymers were found to be uniformly insoluble without reaction, even in polar solvents like dimethylsulfoxide or N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. These polymers are high melting substances (300–400°) which decompose at or slightly above their melting points; they are hard, brittle, crystalline (x‐ray) solids. On pyrolysis at 400° the polydiphenyltin oxide yields tetraphenyltin; the polydi‐ n ‐octyltin oxide mostly 1‐octene. These polymers react with aqueous sodium sulfide to yield, after acidification, the dialkyl‐ or diaryl‐tin sulfides which are trimeric. These unusual properties have been contrasted to the low melting, amorphous, soluble polydialkylsiloxanes. The differences in these physical properties have been explained on the basis of a highly ionic tin‐oxygen bond leading to a R 2 Sn +2 O −2 crystal lattice which would be expected to exhibit the properties found experimentally.
Two Mymarid Egg Parasites Attacking Typhlocyba Species in California1 (1956)

Journal Article Two Mymarid Egg Parasites Attacking Typhlocyba Species in California Get access Mir S. Mulla Mir S. Mulla University of California, Berkeley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 August 1956, Pages 438–441, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/49.4.438 Published: 01 August 1956
Omaxist Dialectics: Capturing, Visualizing And Expanding Improvisations (2012)

OMax is an improvisation software based on a graph representation encoding the pattern repetitions and structures of a sequence, built incrementally and in real-time from a live Midi or Audio source. We present in this paper a totally rewritten version of the software. The new design leads to refine the spectral listening of OMax and to consider different methods to build the symbolic alphabet labeling our symbolic units. The very modular and versatile architecture makes possible new musical configurations and we tried the software with different styles and musical situations. A novel visualization is proposed, which displays the current state of the learnt knowledge and allows to notice, both on the fly and a posteriori, points of musical interest and higher level structures.
Bone regeneration in the sockets of extracted teeth using an autologous dentin matrix (2020)

Dental implantation in the area of previously lost teeth is a modern way to rehabilitate edentulous patients. The search for osteoplastic materials and methods of preimplantation osteoplasty remains topical. One of these materials is an autogenous dentin matrix (ADM), which is based on a crushed extracted tooth. ADM production and application technologies are different and insufficiently tested. Nevertheless, the application of this technique may open up new clinical possibilities. The study on the use of ADM involved 20 patients from 18 to 65 years old. The patients underwent complex surgical and orthopedic treatment to restore chewing function. At the first stage, the extraction of teeth was performed with the simultaneous preservation of the socket of the extracted tooth ADM. The second stage was carried out 3-4 months later, which included the collection of bone biopsy specimen and subsequent dental implantation in the area of the previously extracted tooth. 42 specimens obtained 12-17 weeks after removal were subjected to histological examination. According to its structure, the bone tissue formed in the hole is reticulofibrous bone. Which allows us to conclude that by the time of 15-17 weeks, the processes of active reparative bone formation in the hole are completed, and the necessary local conditions for dental implantation have been created.
Desorption durch impulsive Anregung intramolekularer Vibrationszustände – eine Methode zur schnellen Extraktion von Proteinen aus intakten Geweben (2014)

Abstract Mithilfe eines Pikosekunden‐IR‐Lasers (PIRL) können Proteine in weniger als einer Millisekunde aus intakten Geweben in die Gasphase katapultiert werden. Die ultraschnelle Desorption erfolgt durch eine impulsive Anregung intramolekularer Vibrationszustände (DIVE) der Wassermoleküle, die die Proteine innerhalb des Gewebes umgeben. PIRL‐DIVE extrahiert mit hohen Ausbeuten eine große Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Proteine, von wenigen kDa bis zu mehreren MDa. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Proteine wird durch die Energie des PIRL nicht verändert. Der Nachweis von Enzymaktivitäten in den PIRL‐Extrakten weist darauf hin, dass die Konformation der Enzyme erhalten bleibt.
HIGHLY IONIZED SPUTTERING FOR TSV-LINING (2010)

The barrier and seed layers for electroplating of copper play a critical role in the realization of through silicon vias (TSV) in 3D IC packaging. Physical vapour deposition (PVD) is still the preferred method for depositing these films, but must meet the technical challenges presented by the need to line high aspect ratio vias of 10:1 or more that often have rough sidewalls, and the market demand of low cost. A bilayer of TaNx/ α-Ta is the preferred diffusion barrier for copper metallization in CMOS multilevel damascene structures, providing a good adhesion and wetting layer for the PVD copper seed layer. A new method called Highly Ionized Sputtering (HIS) has been developed using power pulses of 50 to 200μsec length with a low duty cycle but very high peak current of several hundred amps. The high pulse current generates a very high ionization fraction of the sputtered material giving – with an appropriate bias voltage applied to the wafer – a high directionality of metal ions and providing very dense films as needed for the diffusion barrier. HIS uses regular sputtering equipment, planar targets and works at low target-to-substrate distances thus providing excellent transfer factors of the ionized PVD material, resulting in high target utilization and a low cost of ownership. HIS hardware and processes with competitive deposition rates, good uniformities and low stress have been developed on the Oerlikon 200mm and 300mm PVD cluster tools for TaNx, Ta, Ti and Cu. The applicability has been verified experimentally in TSVs with different sidewall qualities and supported by simulations.
Within-Plant Distribution ofHeliothisspp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs and Larvae on Cotton in North Carolina (1985)

Within-plant distribution of Heliothis spp. eggs and larvae on cotton was studied in North Carolina from 1980 through 1983. Egg distribution varied from year to year, with either leaves or terminals being the most common oviposition sites. Larvae were most commonly found on bolls, but were found in disproportionately large numbers on flowers and small bolls with dried flower corollas on them. The preference for flowers was less distinct for larvae of H. virescens than for H. zea larvae.
Posttranslational Modifications in Lens Fiber Connexins Identified by Off-Line-HPLC MALDI-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2008)

The study documented the nature and locations of several previously unknown posttranslational modifications in lens fiber connexins. This detailed knowledge of the specific posttranslationally modified sites will allow further work to elucidate the mechanisms that different signaling pathways use to regulate connexins in lens fiber cells.
Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures (1996)

The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generalization to VC pseudowords and real words; however, after three training sessions, this subject read all VC constructions with 100% accuracy. Findings are consistent with group training studies that have shown the benefits of decoding training on word recognition and spelling skills and with studies that have demonstrated the effects of generalization to less complex structures when more complex structures are trained.
Primary Definitive Nasal Correction in Patients Presenting for Late Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair (2002)

Almost 25 percent of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients present with their deformity in their teens or later years in the developing world. Because more than 80 percent of the world population lives in the developing world, the established protocol for repair of these deformities is not applicable to these patients. Despite the magnitude, there are no significant reports in the literature that deal with this problem. Several issues need to be addressed, but the author limits himself here to the correction of the nasal deformity. The patients at this age are very much concerned with the aesthetic outcome. Procedures described hitherto for primary nasal correction in infants are not successful in restoring nasal shape and symmetry at this late age of presentation. Our experience with radical correction of secondary nasal deformity in unilateral cleft lip patients presenting late prompted us to extend the concept by undertaking a definitive primary correction of the nasal deformity in cleft patients presenting late. Twenty-two patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity (nine male patients and 13 female patients) with ages ranging from 13 to 22 years, presenting between August of 1997 and December of 2000, are included in this study. Of these, 11 patients had a cleft of the lip alone, eight also had a cleft of the alveolus, and three had a cleft of the palate continuous with the cleft lip. All patients showed some maxillary hypoplasia. An external rhinoplasty with lip repair was carried out in all patients. The corrective procedures on the nose included columellar lengthening; augmentation along the pyriform margin, nasal floor, and alveolus using bone grafts; submucous resection of the nasal septum; repositioning of lower lateral cartilages; and augmentation of nasal dorsum by bone graft. Clinical follow-up ranged from 4 to 24 months, and the median follow-up period was 13 months. Results have been very good, and much better than results seen earlier with other primary rhinoplasty techniques. While repairing unilateral cleft lip in adolescents, the author thinks it would be most appropriate to address the entire gamut of the deformity in a single stage, provide complete vector reorientation, and augment the hypoplastic elements by autologous tissue. It is not just the fear of poor follow-up, but that merely correcting the lip deformity in these patients without attempting definitive rhinoplasty, in the author's opinion, would be insufficient surgical intervention.
12. The heterolytic fission of the carbon–iodine bond in trifluoroiodomethane (1951)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Measurement of ionic and neutral densities in amplified magnetron discharges by pulsed absorption spectroscopy (2004)

Resonant absorption diagnostic has been used to estimate densities of neutral and ionic titanium, both in ground and metastable states, in a rf coil amplified magnetron sputtering process. The conventional optical source dc supply has been replaced by a high voltage pulsed power supply to allow absorption experiments onto ionic and neutral species, in a broad range of discharge conditions (500 W are applied onto the magnetron cathode and 0–500 W on the rf coil, for a 30 mTorr argon pressure). The obtained densities are used to compare the magnetron and the amplified discharges. The total ionization degree of the metallic vapor is found to increase from ∼3% in the magnetron regime to ∼24% in the amplified magnetron discharge. The Ti (a5F) neutral metastable density is found to be partially enhanced when the rf coil is power supplied.
Superoxide initiates oxidation of low density lipoprotein by human monocytes. (1987)

Human mononuclear cells were used to evaluate the role of superoxide in the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Unstimulated cells produced little superoxide or LDL oxidation as assayed by lipid peroxide content. Stimulation of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in an increase both in superoxide production and in LDL oxidation. Mononuclear cell-mediated LDL oxidation was time- and cell number-dependent and was markedly enhanced by the presence of Fe (10 microM). Superoxide was required for the initiation of LDL oxidation as indicated by inhibition of the reaction by early addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Propagation of LDL oxidation was superoxide-independent, since the later addition of SOD resulted in progressively less inhibition of LDL oxidation. Propagation of LDL oxidation also was, in part, cell-independent as indicated by continued oxidation of LDL when mononuclear cells were removed following a 1 to 8 hour period with cells. Optimal LDL oxidation required the presence of mononuclear cells throughout the incubation period, suggesting that cellular factors in addition to superoxide play a role in LDL oxidation. Further evidence for the role of superoxide in the oxidation of LDL by mononuclear cells was obtained with cells from patients with genetic deficiencies of either superoxide generation (chronic granulomatous disease) or myeloperoxidase. PMA-stimulated cells from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease neither generated superoxide nor modified LDL. Incubation of LDL with cells from a patient with myeloperoxidase deficiency (in which superoxide production is normal or increased) resulted in oxidation of the lipoprotein equivalent to that observed with normal cells. Other inhibitors of oxidation reactions also were tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
La connaissance approfondie des communautés bactériennes des aliments et ses conséquences pour l’utilisation de la biopréservation (2015)

Thanks to the development of high throughput sequencing technologies, the bacterial communities present in food are now better described. The data recently acquired question some dogmas or uses in the field of food microbiology, but also enable new possibilities. Indeed, some yet unknown or unexpected species may be abundant in foodstuffs. An extensive analysis of the dynamics of these populations during shelf-life has evidenced some co-occurrence or co-exclusion and sometimes questioned the spoiling potential of some species or, on the contrary, revealed an unexpected spoilage capacity for others. Last, high throughput sequencing data have shown the limitations of cultural methods for ensuring safety or for the determination of the use-by-date. This might enable a more controlled and more efficient use of biopreservation through an increased knowledge of bacterial interactions that occur during spoilage and when protective cultures are used, in particular by revisiting the criteria that are commonly used for characterizing food microbiology.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzimidazole Condensed Ring System. Part 9. Potential Antineoplastics. New Synthesis of Some Pyrido(1,2‐a)benzimidazoles and Related Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Traffic management for an ATM switch with per-VC queuing: concept and implementation (1998)

The services to be supported by an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based multiservice network differ significantly in terms of their traffic characteristics and required quality of service. During the last few years it has been broadly accepted that efficient use of transmission capacity is not possible unless these differences are reflected in the way the related traffic streams are handled within the ATM layer. To address this need, the ATM Forum and ITU-T have specified different real-time and non-real-time ATM-layer service categories. This article first discusses the requirements for traffic management in a switch supporting all these service categories from the service providers' and users' points of view. The first generation of ATM switches, typically equipped with small cell buffers, only satisfies the requirements for the real-time service categories (CBR, rt-VBR). Statistical multiplexing, if supported at all, is limited to connections with low peak cell rates. Larger cell buffers and new traffic control functions are required to support non-real-time service categories (nrt-VBR, ABR, UBR). A switch architecture which is scalable from small to large system sizes is presented. It provides the required buffering and additional functions for the non-real-time service categories with the aid of a statistical multiplexing unit (SMU), a module which can also be used as an optional addition to a conventional ATM switch. The focus is on the functional description of two novel yet key components of the SMU, namely the buffer management and cell scheduling functions. The buffer management function provides per-VC queuing and achieves an optimal utilization of the large cell buffer shared by connections of different service categories. The two-stage cell scheduling function supports traffic shaping on the VC and VP levels, and weighted fair queuing within groups of connections. The overall concept supports high link utilization, fairness, and throughput guarantees, and enables a migration from today's ATM networks to a fully integrated multiservice network. Finally, implementation aspects are discussed to show the feasibility of the concept for very high bit rates.
Brassinosteroids: Synthesis and Activity of Some Fluoro Analogues (2008)

Three types of 5alpha-androstane and ergostane analogues of brassinolide, containing a fluorine atom in either the 3alpha or the 5alpha positions or in 3alpha and 5alpha positions, were prepared using standard operations (reaction of 3beta-alcohols with (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride, cleavage of epoxide with HF in py or BF 3.Et 2O). The 5alpha-fluorine was found to affect chemical reactivity (e.g., electrophilic addition to the Delta (2)-double bond) as well as physical properties (e.g., NMR, chromatographic behavior) of the products. Cytotoxicity of the products was studied using human normal and cancer cell lines with 28-homocastasterone as positive control and their brassinolide type activity was established using the bean second-internode test with 24-epibrassinolide as standard. The equivalence of F and OH groups was observed in some of the active compounds. The anticancer and the brassinolide-type activity do not correlate with each other: ergostane derivatives were most active in the former test while androstane derivatives were best in the latter.