gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osmotic Properties of Aqueous Ionene Solutions (2002)

Osmotic coefficients of aqueous solutions of 3,3-, 4,5-, 6,6-, and 6,9-ionenes with bromide and chloride counterions were measured at 298 K and in the concentration range from 0.001 to 0.1 mol/dm3. The measured osmotic coefficients are very low, indicating large deviations from ideality caused by strong interactions in these systems. The solutions with chloride counterions have a higher osmotic coefficient than the corresponding bromide solutions, which is in agreement with experimental data for the counterion activity coefficient of these solutions. The experimental results for osmotic coefficients were analyzed using a cylindrical cell model where a fixed charge is assumed to be uniformly distributed along the z-axis of a rigid and impenetrable polyion, in conjunction with the classical Poisson−Boltzmann equation. More refined models in which discrete charges are located periodically along the z-axis of the polyion were also studied. In the latter case the canonical Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the osmotic coefficient. In agreement with previous studies of weak and moderately charged polyelectrolytes, we found the theoretically predicted osmotic coefficients to be too high in comparison with the experimental data for aqueous ionene solutions.
Inhaler treatment options in COPD (2005)

A variety of inhaler devices are available for delivering treatments to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and new inhalers are currently being developed. Each type of device has advantages and disadvantages, and the methods of preparation and use vary between them. The differences in instructions for use can easily confuse patients and health providers alike, resulting in incorrect use of many inhalers. “Crucial” errors in inhaler technique, whereby no drug is deposited in the lungs, must be avoided. Any type of inhaler can be misused so that little or no drug is deposited in the lungs. It is now increasingly widely recognised that a successful treatment outcome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depends as much on the inhaler device as it does on the drug. Inhaler choice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should take into account whether the patient is likely to use it correctly, as well as patient preference and the likelihood of adherence to treatment.
Centennial of Wright’s 1911 Record Soaring Flight (2011)

The centennial of Orville Wright’s record soaring flight on 24 October 1911 was celebrated at the SOARING100 event on the Outer Banks of North Carolina USA between 21-24 October 2011.  The ceremonies, lectures and glider flights highlighted the historical significance of the location to motorless aviation.
Automatic extraction of relations between medical concepts in clinical texts (2011)

Objective A supervised machine learning approach to discover relations between medical problems, treatments, and tests mentioned in electronic medical records. Materials and methods A single support vector machine classifier was used to identify relations between concepts and to assign their semantic type. Several resources such as Wikipedia, WordNet, General Inquirer, and a relation similarity metric inform the classifier. Results The techniques reported in this paper were evaluated in the 2010 i2b2 Challenge and obtained the highest F1 score for the relation extraction task. When gold standard data for concepts and assertions were available, F1 was 73.7, precision was 72.0, and recall was 75.3. F1 is defined as 2*Precision*Recall/(Precision+Recall). Alternatively, when concepts and assertions were discovered automatically, F1 was 48.4, precision was 57.6, and recall was 41.7. Discussion Although a rich set of features was developed for the classifiers presented in this paper, little knowledge mining was performed from medical ontologies such as those found in UMLS. Future studies should incorporate features extracted from such knowledge sources, which we expect to further improve the results. Moreover, each relation discovery was treated independently. Joint classification of relations may further improve the quality of results. Also, joint learning of the discovery of concepts, assertions, and relations may also improve the results of automatic relation extraction. Conclusion Lexical and contextual features proved to be very important in relation extraction from medical texts. When they are not available to the classifier, the F1 score decreases by 3.7%. In addition, features based on similarity contribute to a decrease of 1.1% when they are not available.
Long Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers with Large Reversible Actuation Strains for Smart Textiles and Artificial Muscles (2019)

A method for fabricating long, soft, and reversibly actuatable liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers by using direct ink write (DIW) printing was developed. Here, the LCE was produced based on a two-stage thermal-photo curing reaction between a difunctional acrylate monomer and thiol. The LCE ink, mixed with nanoclay to increase the viscosity, was extruded through a nozzle onto a rotating mandrel to obtain a long fiber. After printing, the fiber was first thermally cured on the mandrel, then mechanically stretched, and photocured to achieve liquid crystal chain alignment for stress-free reversible activation. Upon optimizing the ink viscosity and DIW printing parameters, long fibers (up to 1.5 m long from the laboratory) were obtained. The resulting fiber had a modulus of 2 MPa, 51% actuation strain, and a failure strain of well over 100%. The potential of these fibers for applications was demonstrated. The LCE fibers were knit, sewn, and woven to form a variety of smart textiles. The fiber was also used to mimic bicep muscles with both large activation force and activation strain. By incorporating further intelligent characteristics, such as conductivity and biosensing into a single fiber, the LCE fibers could be potentially used for smart clothing, soft robotics, and biomedical devices.
In vivo effect of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1RA on oocyte cytoplasmic maturation, ovulation, and early embryonic development in the mare (2005)

A growing body of evidence suggests that the interleukin-1 system is involved in periovulatory events. Previous work from our lab demonstrated that in the mare, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) increases the ovulatory rate of metaphase II oocytes. The present study was conducted to analyze in vivo the effect of IL-1 on oocyte cytoplasmic maturation, ovulation and pregnancy rate. In the present work, IL-1beta (experiment 1, n = 13; experiment 2, n = 25) and interleukin-1RA (IL-1RA; experiment 1, n = 25) were injected intrafollicularly by using the transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection method. Injections were performed on cyclic mares when the diameter of the growing dominant follicle reached 30-34 mm. In experiment 1, mares were inseminated the day of the treatment and all the other day until ovulation. The time of ovulation was determined and a pregnancy diagnosis was performed 14 days after ovulation of the injected follicle. In experiment 2, the cumulus-oocyte complex from each injected follicle was collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration 38 h after the intrafollicular injection. Oocyte nuclear stage and oocyte cytoplasmic maturation were assessed by analyzing chromatin configuration, cortical granules migration and mitochondria distribution under a confocal microscope. The results from experiment 1 confirm that an intrafollicular injection of 1 microgram IL-1beta induces ovulation in the mare whereas IL-1RA has no effect at the dose used in the present study. Furthemore, we demonstrated, that in our experimental conditions, IL-1beta and IL-1RA induced a decrease in embryo development. Experiment 2 leads us to observe that IL-1beta is unable to induce cortical granules migration and remodelling of mitochondria, that commonly occurs during oocyte maturation, whereas it acts on nuclear maturation. This result may explain the decrease in embryo development we observed after IL-1beta intrafollicular injection. In conclusion, the present study tends to demonstrate that IL-1beta plays a role in the ovulatory process and may acts on oocyte maturation in the mare, but additional factors are required to complete equine oocyte cytoplasmic maturation to allow embryo development.
A double-blind crossover pilot study of l-deprenyl (selegiline) combined with cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease (1993)

The potential efficacy of oral l-deprenyl (5 mg b.i.d.) added to the regimen of 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving either tacrine or physostigmine was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week, two-period crossover pilot study. l-Deprenyl was associated with significant improvement in scores on the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, suggesting possible additive effects of l-deprenyl to the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors.
Isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products. (1988)

After an outbreak of listeriosis in Massachusetts in 1983, the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive in raw and pasteurized milk was investigated. An enrichment broth (EB) containing acriflavine, nalidixic acid, and cycloheximide was used to eliminate overgrowth of the culture by competing organisms, and a modification of McBride's agar (MMA) was used as the isolation medium. The culture was incubated 24 h at 30 degrees C. To isolate Listeria from soft cheese, the incubation period was lengthened to 1 week, and the EB culture was streaked to MMA at 1 and 7 days. Physical and biochemical patterns, the CAMP test, serological tests, and mouse pathogenicity studies were helpful in determining the identity of L. monocytogenes.
Live Migration of Parallel Applications with OpenVZ (2011)

A parallel application can terminate or produce incorrect results when a computational node fails. As the number of components in large scale supercomputing systems increase and applications scale to use these resources, the mean time to failure decreases, and application failure becomes more likely. Traditional fault tolerance approaches to address this problem, such as check pointing, are failing to scale as system sizes increase. An alternative approach we explore in this paper is the use of VM based live migration to move a process from a failing node to a healthy one to reduce the fault rate experienced by an application. We investigate the use of an operating system-level virtualization environment based on OpenVZ to perform live migrations of virtual machines on which multi-processor parallel applications are running. We explore the correctness, performance, and reliability implications of this approach, and explore the additional overhead of using OS-level virtualized systems for fault recovery. Our results confirm that it is possible to efficiently live migrate virtual containers running a parallel application without affecting the correctness or completion of parallel applications running in a OS-level virtualized environment.
Examines the motives and experiences of migrants to Cuba from the British Isles in the 19th Century (2009)

Migrants from the British Isles played a hitherto little recognised part in the development of Cuban society and economy in the nineteenth century. Although not a numerically large migration, British and Irish merchants, professionals and, above all, workers had a significance for Cuba out of proportion to the numbers involved. They contributed to the development of Cuba’s international commerce, to both the outlawing and the hidden continuation of slavery, to the technological development of the sugar industry, and to the modernisation of the island. However, there is little evidence of a ‘British’ community existing, and the ‘British’ identity of the migrants was at best ambiguous and more often than not subsumed within a broader definition of what it meant to be ‘white’ and ‘foreign’ in Cuba at this time. The article draws on extensive original archival research in Britain and Cuba
Radiation biology and potential therapeutic applications of radionuclides. (1980)

This report was prepared at the request of the International Atomic Energy Agency and presented at an Advisory Group Meeting on "Applications of Recent Radiobiological Research in Radiotherapy" held in Vienna, Austria, from 24-28 September 1979. Based on the recommendations of the Advisory Group, the I.A.E.A. has decided to initiate a coordinated international research programme entitled "Exploration of the Possibility of high LET RAdiation for Nonconventional Radiotherapy in Cancers". This programme will explore possible applications of corpuscular radiations (neutrons, protons, accelerated heavy ions, negative pi-mesons, thermal and epithermal neutrons) in cancer therapy. In addition, the programme will include research on in situ radiotherapy with unsealed radionuclides and thermal neutron capture. For further information on the programme, please contact Dr T. IWASAKI, Section of Radiation Biology, Division of Life Sciences, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, P. O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
Centralized directory services and accounts management project (2000)

Article Free Access Share on Centralized directory services and accounts management project Author: Rob Murawski University of Pittsburgh, Computing Services & Systems Development, 717 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PA University of Pittsburgh, Computing Services & Systems Development, 717 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGUCCS '00: Proceedings of the 28th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services: Building the futureOctober 2000 Pages 198–201https://doi.org/10.1145/354908.354953Online:01 October 2000Publication History 0citation564DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads564Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Inversion of refractions and reflections by full-waveform inversion for marine streamer data: Classification of problem types and solution methods (2013)

We classify full-waveform inversion (FWI) projects according to the types of events used to invert marine streamer data. In general, an adequate model update requires the seamless introduction of wavenumbers that are missing in the starting model. It has been our experience that a seamless update may require extraction of the lowest possible wavenumbers from the data, as well as the application of preprocessing procedures and scattering kernels that are optimal for each type of arrival. In a shallow-water environment, and with sufficient offsets, refracted arrivals and diving waves can provide an adequate inversion for shallow velocity structures. We demonstrate this principle using the linearized (Born) scattering kernel for field data from the North Sea.
A novel route to the preparation of pyrazole analogs of o-xylylene. (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel route to the preparation of pyrazole analogs of o-xylylene.Ta Shue Chou and Ruei Chih ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 2, 493–496Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00054a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00054a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Kinetics of Tracheid Differentiation in Douglas-fir (1990)

Seasonal cambial activity and the differentiation of tracheids were studied at five stem levels in three crown classes of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir). Rates and durations of tracheid expansion and secondary wall deposition were computed. Seasonal changes in radial diameter of cells were attributable both to changes in duration and rate of cell expansion. Seasonal changes in cell wall area were determined by changes in duration of wall deposition. Durations of cell expansion and wall deposition showed a marked trend to increase down the stem, whereas rates of tracheid differentiation showed no clear axial trend. Axial trends in cell dimensions, particularly cell wall area, were mainly determined by durations of differentiation. Rates of cell wall thickening varied among crown classes suggesting that assimilate status is important in determining this process.
A Real Application Enabled Traffic Generator for Networking AI Model Development (2021)

Network measurement and management are more challenging in the next generation network systems due to the increasing demand for communications and complex network infrastructure. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have attracted much attention in networking systems, such as AI-based network traffic classification, traffic prediction, intrusion detection systems, etc. The development and maintenance of networking AI models usually require a large amount of traffic data samples from real applications. However, the publicly available datasets for network development are limited and rarely updated. In this paper, we develop a real application enabled traffic generator for AI model development in networking. In particular, a data loader is provided to establish two databases. One is a payload database that consists of packets from real applications. The other one is a traffic database that consists of network traffic flow statistics. The traffic generator allows a user to simulate data traffic flows that mimic one or more real applications. Moreover, two networking AI models are implemented to validate the simulated traffic flows. Evaluation results demonstrate that the developed traffic generator can help with networking AI model development.
Difficulty in Removal of a Femoral Intramedullary Nail: The Geometry of the Distal End of the Nail (2003)

Different difficulties can be encountered during removal of an intramedullary femoral nail depending partly upon the design of the nail but mainly on bone ingrowth. This possibility is higher in younger patients and when nail removal is attempted long after initial insertion. We present a case of difficult nail removal. The nail design appears to be important in this problem.
Thrombin Activation of Factor VIII (1978)

The current experiments examine the reaction between purified human alpha-thrombin and purified human factor VIII and compare this with the reaction between alpha-thrombin and the low molecular weight factor VIII procoagulant activity obtained by high ionic strength dissociation. The reaction patterns of both procoagulants are similar, demonstrating in initial increase in factor VIII activity followed by a decay of procoagulant activity. The extent of activation which is observed in the initial phase decreases with lower temperatures and with lower thrombin concentrations. A pseudo-first order relationship is demonstrated for the activation phase. The labile factor VIII procoagulant activity produced by the initial action of thrombin appears to be intrinsically unstable, since the addition of hirudin or diisopropylfluorophosphate does not prevent the subsequent decay of the procoagulant activity. The similar activation and decay patterns of purified factor VIII and the dissociated low molecular weight factor VIII procoagulant support the concept that the low molecular weight procoagulant itself represents the functional coagulant moiety of the factor VIII complex.
Measurements of vibrational excitation of N2, CO, and NO by low energy proton impact (1979)

Differential scattering experiments are reported for proton impact on N2, CO, and NO in the energy range Elab=30–80 eV. The measurements include the range of very small scattering angles around 0° as well as the rainbow region. The vibrationally resolved energy-loss spectra show a relatively low vibrational inelasticity for all three systems. Differential cross sections, transition probabilities, and the mean vibrational energy transfer are presented. Rotational excitation is indicated by the broadening of the energy-loss peaks which is most significant for H+–NO. The small-angle scattering data for vibrational excitation in CO show good agreement with the impact parameter theory using the known long-range interactions for this system.
Piezoelectric transducer for determination of metals at the micromolar level (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPiezoelectric transducer for determination of metals at the micromolar levelJerry Lynn. Jones and James P. MieureCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 3, 484–490Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60272a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (848 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cyclic hexameric mercaptides of nickel (1966)

The reaction of alkylthio-tin compounds of the type Me2Sn(SR)2 with nickel salts has resulted in the formation of hexameric nickel mercaptides [Ni(SR)2]6. Reinvestigation of previously reported preparations of high-polymer nickel mercaptides has shown the hexamers to be formed, as well as polymeric material of variable constitution.
Über Isothiazole, I. Darstellung und Oxydation einiger β‐Amino‐thiocrotonamide (1961)

Abstract Einige neue β‐Amino‐thiocrotonamide wurden durch Schwefelwasserstoff‐Anlagerung an β‐Aminonitrile sowie durch Addition von Acylsenfölen an β‐Aminocrotonester erhalten. Die Oxydation dieser und schon bekannter entsprechender Verbindungen ergab substituierte 5‐Amino‐isothiazole.