gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology Control by Pulsed Laser in Chemical Deposition Illustrated in ZnO Crystal Growth (2019)

The control of pulsed-laser-induced deposition was studied with the case of ZnO crystallization in a hydrothermal reaction. Crystal orientation, morphologies, and growth rate were observed to vary under different pulsed-laser irradiation conditions. Different energy barriers during nucleation and crystal growth processes were determined by stepped changes of input energy levels of a pulsed laser with the corresponding observations of the states of the material. Therefore, by precisely adjusting the pulsed-laser energy that overcomes a particular energy barrier, ZnO crystals with desired orientation and morphology could be obtained on a seedless substrate in a catalyst-free environment. Crystals varied in morphologies showed different behavior in laser-induced growth, and growth rates were orders of magnitude higher than those of other hydrothermal reactions. By analyzing crystal growth characteristics in the reaction/diffusion-limited region, a set of guidelines were defined to tune the dimensions of ZnO crystals. Laser-induced crystal growth will benefit nanomanufacturing by providing a practical tool to tune the morphology of nanomaterials in a precise and effective manner, and it will bring deeper insight into the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms in hydrothermal reactions.
Food Components and Dietary Habits: Keys for a Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition (2019)

The gut microbiota is a changing ecosystem, containing trillions of bacteria, continuously shaped by many factors, such as dietary habits, seasonality, lifestyle, stress, antibiotics use, or diseases. A healthy host-microorganisms balance must be respected in order to optimally maintain the intestinal barrier and immune system functions and, consequently, prevent disease development. In the past several decades, the adoption of modern dietary habits has become a growing health concern, as it is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, promoting inflammation and both structural and behavioral changes in gut microbiota. In this context, novel dietary strategies are emerging to prevent diseases and maintain health. However, the consequences of these different diets on gut microbiota modulation are still largely unknown, and could potentially lead to alterations of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and the immune system. The present review aimed to focus on the impact of single food components (macronutrients and micronutrients), salt, food additives, and different dietary habits (i.e., vegan and vegetarian, gluten-free, ketogenic, high sugar, low FODMAP, Western-type, and Mediterranean diets) on gut microbiota composition in order to define the optimal diet for a healthy modulation of gut microbiota.
Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems (2009)

Free radicals derived from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur molecules in the biological system are highly active to react with other molecules due to their unpaired electrons. These radicals are important part of groups of molecules called reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which are produced during cellular metabolism and functional activities and have important roles in cell signalling, apoptosis, gene expression and ion transportation. However, excessive ROS attack bases in nucleic acids, amino acid side chains in proteins and double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, and cause oxidative stress, which can damage DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids resulting in an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, autism and other diseases. Intracellular antioxidant enzymes and intake of dietary antioxidants may help to maintain an adequate antioxidant status in the body. In the past decades, new molecular techniques, cell cultures and animal models have been established to study the effects and mechanisms of antioxidants on ROS. The chemical and molecular approaches have been used to study the mechanism and kinetics of antioxidants and to identify new potent antioxidants. Antioxidants can decrease the oxidative damage directly via reacting with free radicals or indirectly by inhibiting the activity or expression of free radical generating enzymes or enhancing the activity or expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The new chemical and cell-free biological system has been applied in dissecting the molecular action of antioxidants. This review focuses on the research approaches that have been used to study oxidative stress and antioxidants in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein modification as well as enzyme activity, with emphasis on the chemical and cell-free biological system.
Evaluation of efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of childhood bronchial asthma: clinical trial, immunological tests and animal study (1996)

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been used to treat bronchial asthma for several centuries and a certain degree of clinical benefit has been observed; however, scientific substantiation is lacking. A multicenter, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was therefore conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy in terms of symptom score, medication score, morning and evening PEFRs, and changes of immunoregulatory function, such as distribution of lymphocyte subsets and in vivo and in vitro production of lymphokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) and inflammatory mediators (histamine, PGE2 and LTC4). Furthermore, the protective effect of TCM on the late asthmatic reaction (LAR) was evaluated by using asthmatic guinea pigs. Three hundred and three asthmatic children were classified by Chinese doctors, according to a standardized questionnaire designed on the basis of basic logic of Chinese medicine, into three groups of specific constitution (group A, B and C). Group A consisted of 32 herb A-treated patients and 34 placebo-treated; group B, 74 herb B-treated and 64 placebo-treated; and group C, 55 herb C-treated and 44 placebo-treated. The study period was six months. The results were: 1) Both treatment group and placebo group showed an improvement in all clinical parameters, thus demonstrating a placebo effect. However, the improvement was usually greater in the former than the latter, although only the difference in PEFR was significant; 2) Herb A could increase total T cell and decrease B cell; 3) Herb A and B enhanced production of PGE2 but not LTC4, IFN-gamma and IL-4; 4) There was a general tendency for in vivo and in vitro production of histamine to decrease at the end of study in both treatment group and placebo group; however, the decrease was significantly greater in the former than the latter; 5) In asthmatic guinea pigs, 10-day's pretreatment with Chinese herbs could reverse the decrease of sGaw, suppress eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), prevent the eosinophil infiltration of airways, increase PGE2 production and decrease LTC4 production in serum and BALF. Thus, traditional Chinese medicines did show a certain degree of clinical efficacy. The decreased production of histamine and LTC4, increased production of PGE2 that were found in both asthmatic children and asthmatic guinea pigs, and prevention of occurrence of LAR by suppressing eosinophil infiltration of airways and preserving airway conductance that were observed in asthmatic guinea pigs after allergen challenge might be used to account partly for the effectiveness.
Electron Capture by Polar Molecules (1967)

It is shown that binding of electrons in the electric dipole field of polar molecules cannot possibly occur, if the molecules have an electric dipole moment smaller than the critical value ${D}_{0}=1.63\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ esu cm, irrespective of the size of the dipole. This result casts doubts on a proposed mechanism of electron scattering by polar molecules, namely, electron capture with rotational excitation of the molecule.
How to Distribute GPS-Time Over COTS-Based LANs (1999)

This paper shows how to distribute GPS-time with micro-accuracy and below even in Ethernet-based distributed systems. Our SynUTC-approach is based upon a simple network controller-level hardware for timestamping data packets as they leave and arrive at a node, which comes in two flavors: The memory-based times-tamping method exploited by our Network Time Interface (NTI) M-Module timestamps data packets as the network controller accesses them in memory. This technique can be used for virtually any type of network and network controllers. For 10 Mb/s Ethernet, for example, our experimental evaluation revealed a time distribution accuracy down to the pus-range.
Hybrid Control of Air Traffic Management (1999)

Abstract This paper provides a brief introduction to air traffic management and to two new technologies available for its modernization. A new architecture for an automated air traffic management system is introduced, and a mathematical representation of such an architecture, called a nonlinear hybrid system, is presented. A computational method for synthesizing controllers for hybrid systems is then discussed, followed by a two-aircraft conflict resolution example. The paper is concluded with a discussion of ongoing research.
Reservoir Geology Using 3D Modelling Tools: ABSTRACT (1996)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Ice Recrystallization Inhibition and Molecular Recognition of Ice Faces by Poly(vinyl alcohol) (2006)

Abstract The effects of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the Ostwald ripening of polycrystalline ice samples are studied. At −6 °C, ice recrystallization in sucrose solutions is inhibited at PVA concentrations down to 0.005 mg mL −1 , with a recrystallization inhibition constant of 48.9 mL mg −1 . Ice growth‐habit experiments reveal molecular recognition of the arrangement of water molecules in the ice by PVA molecules, and indicate that PVA molecules adsorb to the primary and secondary prism faces of hexagonal ice, Ih. Based on these observations, together with an analysis of the O‐atom pattern in ice and the conformation of OH groups in PVA, an adsorption model is proposed. We suggest that PVA segments adsorb to the primary and secondary prism faces of ice parallel to the c axis with a linear misfit parameter of only 2.7 %, most likely via multiple hydrogen bonds. The proposed adsorption mechanism is discussed in the light of recent thermal hysteresis and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
Antler and After (2006)

In mid-April 1957 Penney put forward a detailed programme for Antler, on the assumption that it would be modified by the results of the first Grapple. The Antler programme consisted of a maximum of six rounds, including two of 80 kilotons as free air bursts, each suspended from a balloon assembly. Safety and fallout precautions, he said, would be based on the maximum expected yields, and the fallout on the range and at distances up to 200–300 miles would in no case exceed the Buffalo tower shots. The balloon shots would give very high clouds and the debris would be in very fine particles. The main meteorological conditions required would be fast upper winds, with no expectation of rain below the cloud tracks; the cloud would then quickly clear the mainland, and the fallout on Eastern Australia would be similar to that of Buffalo. Trials with balloons had been very successful. All the safety precautions would be discussed with the AWTSC.
아프리카 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 사회적 지지와 지각된 낙인이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 : 우울과 자아존중감의 매개효과를 중심으로 (2019)

연구목적 : 아프리카 말라위는 에이즈로 인한 감염율과 연간 사망자수 및 에이즈 고아가 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 감염 여부의 검사조차 받지 않고 감염되면 감염으로 인한 낙인과 편견, 차별 및 부당함을 받으며 건강관련 삶의 질도 낮게 살아가고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 건강관련 삶의 질 모형과 문헌을 기반으로 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 삶의 질에 영향하는 요인을 파악하기 위함이다.
연구방법 : 본 연구는 아프리카 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 삶의 질을 예측하기 위한 구조모형 분석연구이다. 대상자는 아프리카 말라위에서 에이즈에 감염된 에이즈 감염인 총 215명이었다. 자료수집은 2013년 3월 15일부터 2014년 1월 31일까지이었고, 면접과 자기기입식 설문조사를 통해서 이루어졌다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0과 AMOS 19.0프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다.
연구결과 : 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 사회적 지지와 자아존중감은 가장 크게 직접적으로 삶의 질에 영향하는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 지지는 자아존중감을 통해 간접적으로 삶의 질에 영향하며, 지각된 낙인은 직접 삶의 질에 영향하지는 않지만 우울과 자아존중감을 통해서 삶의 질에 간접적으로 영향하였다. 우울은 직접 영향하지 않고 자아존중감을 통해서 삶의 질에 간접 영향하였다.
결론 : 아프리카 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 삶의 질을 높이기 위해서 가족지지와 의료인 지지를 포함한 사회적 지지와 자아존중감을 높여 주는 것이 필요하며, 지각된 낙인은 우울과 자아존중감을 통해 삶의 질에 영향하므로 지각된 낙인을 줄일 수 있는 방안 모색이 요구된다. 따라서 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 사회적 지지를 증진시키는 체계적인 프로그램과 시스템 구축이 필요하며, 말라위 에이즈 감염인의 성별에 따른 문화적, 시대적 가치와 현실을 반영한 프로그램과 전략을 수행하여 다양한 연구모형을 검증해 보는 추후연구를 시행할 것을 제안한다.
Flow Profiling via Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) System - Expectation and Reality (2004)

Abstract Permanent downhole monitoring can provide valuable information for production decisions in real time without the need to perform an intervention to collect data. One of the commercial permanent monitoring technologies is fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) which can record the wellbore temperature profile in real time with decent accuracy and resolution. A key potential application for DTS data is to profile injection or production for wells, which is the primary motivation and focus for this project. In the present paper a thermal model recently developed for single phase and multiphase fluid flow along a vertical, deviated or horizontal well will first be briefly described. The model can be applied for both wellbore temperature prediction (&lt;i&gt;forward modeling&lt;/i&gt;) and flow profiling using a measured temperature profile (&lt;i&gt;inverse problem&lt;/i&gt;). The model has successfully been applied for investigating key thermal characteristics of single phase and multiphase fluid flow along a wellbore. In particular, the dependence of wellbore temperature upon phases, flow profile, fluid type, fluid properties, well deviation, and Joule-Thomson effect, will be demonstrated in the paper. The model has further been adapted for directly predicting production and injection profiles (i.e., flow profiling) based on given wellbore temperature profile. The potential impact of noise in the DTS measurement on flow profiling has been explored. It is found that the wellbore temperature does not change significantly along horizontal or near horizontal sections due to the small variation in geothermal temperature, therefore, just based on DTS data, the amount and the location of each fluid entry would be difficult to be identified. The current study shows that a maximum wellbore deviation of 75 degrees should be honored to appropriately estimate flow profile directly through DTS data. The study has also led to an observation that under certain circumstances like multiphase flow, a production profile may be determined via DTS temperature measurement with extra data or information provided. The types of the extra measurements and the appropriate approaches will be recommended.
Adaptive Learning in Time-Variant Processes With Application to Wind Power Systems (2015)

This study develops new adaptive learning methods for a dynamic system where the dependency among variables changes over time. In general, many statistical methods focus on characterizing a system or process with historical data and predicting future observations based on a developed time-invariant model. However, for a nonstationary process with time-varying input-to-output relationship, a single baseline curve may not accurately characterize the system's dynamic behavior. This study develops kernel-based nonparametric regression models that allow the baseline curve to evolve over time. Applying the proposed approach to a real wind power system, we investigate the nonstationary nature of wind effect on the turbine response. The results show that the proposed methods can dynamically update the time-varying dependency pattern and can track changes in the operational wind power system.
Emulsion Characterization (1992)

This chapter outlines emulsion characterization techniques ranging from those commonly found in field environments to those in use in research laboratories. Techniques used in the determination of bulk emulsion properties, or simply the relative amount of oil, water, and solids present, are discussed, as well as those characterization methods that measure the size distribution of the dispersed phase, rheological behavior, and emulsion stability. A particular emphasis is placed on optical and scanning electron microscopy as methods of emulsion characterization. Most of the common and many of the less frequently used emulsion characterization techniques are outlined, along with their particular advantages and disadvantages.
Exercise Type and Intensity in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease in Men (2002)

Total physical activity, running, weight training, and walking were each associated with reduced CHD risk. Average exercise intensity was associated with reduced risk independent of the number of MET-hours spent in physical activity.
Assessment of deterioration in epoxy/mica machine insulation (1992)

Long-time accelerated aging tests in a laboratory environment have been conducted on generator stator insulation to identify meaningful diagnostic measures for the assessment of degradation and identification of aging mechanisms. A plurality of techniques are investigated and diagnostic parameter, the dynamic stagnation voltage, which appears to be correlated with delimination in the epoxy-mica structure, is proposed. The results provide a basis for an online interpretation method for insulation condition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Graph Metrics for Network Robustness—A Survey (2021)

Research on the robustness of networks, and in particular the Internet, has gained critical importance in recent decades because more and more individuals, societies and firms rely on this global network infrastructure for communication, knowledge transfer, business processes and e-commerce. In particular, modeling the structure of the Internet has inspired several novel graph metrics for assessing important topological robustness features of large complex networks. This survey provides a comparative overview of these metrics, presents their strengths and limitations for analyzing the robustness of the Internet topology, and outlines a conceptual tool set in order to facilitate their future adoption by Internet research and practice but also other areas of network science.
Cutaneous angiomyolipoma. A light-microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron-microscopic study. (1991)

We report a case of cutaneous angiomyolipoma found on the helix of a 67-year-old man. The lesion was studied by routine light microscopy, special stains, immunohistochemical methods, and electron microscopy. Histologic examination showed a well-circumscribed nodule in the dermis composed of an intimate mixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature fat. These components were confirmed by special stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. We concluded that the unique features of this lesion distinguish it from other lesions such as angiomyoma, angiolipoma, and other mixed mesenchymal tumors. This report demonstrates that the features considered diagnostic of angiomyolipoma can occur in extrarenal sites and, therefore, this diagnosis cannot be excluded on the basis of site alone.
Error performance analysis for narrow-band duobinary FM with discriminator detection and soft decision decoding (1989)

An analytical method for calculating error rates for duobinary FM systems with discriminator detection and Viterbi sequence estimation decoding is presented. Gaussian noise and intersymbol interference are included in the channel model, and high signal-to-noise ratio and precoding of the binary input message are assumed in the analysis. The computed error rates are compared to previously published measurements. The agreement is very good, confirming that the assumptions are valid and useful.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interface for MEMS-based rotational accelerometer for HDD applications with 2.5 rad/s/sup 2/ resolution and digital output (2003)

A 0.6 μm BiCMOS interface for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based rotational accelerometers is presented. It is housed in an inexpensive standard SO-24 plastic package with a capacitive rotational accelerometer sensor produced using MEMS technology. This sensitive interface chip includes the analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, and interface functions. The analog-to-digital conversion is realized through a single-bit electromechanical Σ-Δ loop able to detect capacitive unbalancing as low as 50 aF (50×10/sup -18/ F). The produced bitstream is then processed by a digital chain and made available through a standard 3.3 V (5 V tolerant) three-wire serial bus. The signal bandwidth is about 800 Hz, the sensitivity is 2.5 rad/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with a full-scale sinewave of 200 rad/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a signal-to-noise ratio peak of 38 dB over 30-800 Hz. Through the serial bus, it is also possible to program device characteristics including gain, offset, filter performance, and phase delay. The complete sensor is used in a feed-forward compensation scheme to cancel external disturbances acting on computer hard-disk drives so as to steadily keep the read-write heads on track: this allows greater track densities and better speed performance.
A Resistorless Voltage Reference Source for 90 nm CMOS Technology with Low Sensitivity to Process and Temperature Variations (2008)

A new compact low power voltage reference source for wireless and embedded applications is described. The reference voltage source has been designed in a mixed-signal UMC 90 nm CMOS process using subthreshold characteristics for generating a constant voltage of 423 mV at supply voltages from 1.1 V to 3.3 V with total current consumption 270 nA. The proposed circuit occupies 0.001 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip area and achieves less than 110 ppm/degC for all process corners and temperature variation from -40degC to 125 degC. The power supply rejection ratio without any filtering capacitor at 100 Hz and 10 MHz is lower than -50 dB and -30 dB, respectively. The equivalent output voltage noise in the bandwidth from 1 Hz to 10 MHz reaches 218 muV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> .