gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-Ray crystallographic characterization of the uranium–carbon σ-bond in tricyclopentadienylphenylethynyluranium(<scp>IV</scp>) (1973)

J. L. Atwood, C. F. Hains, M. Tsutsui and A. E. Gebala, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 452 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000452
A Low-Power Auto-Zero Switched-Capacitor Dual-Slope Noise-Shaping Direct CDC (2018)

A noise-shaping dual-slope based complete Switched-Capacitor (SC) direct Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (CDC) for differential sensors has been proven on silicon. The proposed topology does not need a pre-amplifier to interface the sensor. Direct SC sensor readout and single-bit circuitry show to be very area efficient. A SC single-bit capacitive DAC is used during digitization. Auto-zeroing is implemented within the complete SC approach of an inherently robust dual-slope converter. Additionally, quantization noise-shaping reduces the measurement time. A prototype is realized in 0.13μm CMOS technology. A 3.2ms measurement results in 13bit resolution while consuming 35μA from a 1.5V supply occupying 0.148mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.1.</sup>
L'image de l'allemagne nationale-socialiste entre janvier 1933 et seppembre 1939. Etudiee a travers cinq grands quotidiens francais d'ideologie diffente : le temps, le figaro, l'humanite, le populaire et l'ere nouvelle (1987)

Cette recherche sur l'optique d'un pays vu a travers la presse francaise repond a une demande deja formulee par plusieurs historiens, les etudes sur l'allemagne nationale-socialiste a travers la presse francaise etant encre peu nombreuses. Apres une phase preliminaire, ou nous avons fait connaissance de nos journaux, nous avons adopte une methode qui nous permettait de degager l'image de cette allemagne. Notre strategie obeissait a plusieurs imperatifs precis :il s'agissait de trouver l'importance et le volume de l'information dedies a l'allemagne dans nos journaux, recherche qui a ete revelatrice de l'interet de nos journaux pour ce sujet. L'analyse de l'illustration, du titrage et de l'emplacement de l'information a permis de deceler les moteurs de chaque journal en remarquant ses centres d'interet. L'analyse de contenu, cle de voute de notre travail nous aura permis de trouver quelle image emane des quotidiens francais. Image negative s'il en fut, certainement influencee par les evenements outre-rhin, le nazisme et la montee des perils. Il est apparu que nos journaux auront sous-estime hitler et assimile peut-etre un peu hativement le peuple allemand a l'hitlerisme. Malgre une relative clairvoyance, les journaux auront par sympathie ideologique ou par embarras, occulte differents aspects de l'information. Inconscience, legerete ou maladresse ? toujours est-il que nos journaux n'ont pas assume leur mission d'information ; certaines insinuations envers le peuple allemand ont pu nuire aux relations franco-allemandes. . .
Pentamidine-Induced Torsades de Pointes in a Renal Transplant Recipient With Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (1990)

Pentamidine isethionate, an important agent used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, has been shown to be associated with the development of torsades de pointes in patients with AIDS. We have described a case of pentamidine-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia in a renal transplant recipient whose renal insufficiency may have prolonged the duration of arrhythmias. Careful ECG monitoring should be done during pentamidine administration, especially in patients with renal insufficiency. Physicians should be aware that this variety of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia can occur well within the recommended dose of pentamidine. More data are needed to define the relationship between renal dysfunction, plasma levels, and pentamidine cardiotoxicity.
Topical niacinamide does not stimulate hair growth based on the existing body of evidence (2020)

Niacinamide has been suggested to impact hair biology via stimulation of VEGF synthesis. Testing in an in vitro VEGF synthesis assay, it was found that niacinamide cannot stimulate VEGF synthesis across a broad dose-response range.
Storage and retrieval of images in hot atomic Rubidium vapor (2008)

We demonstrate four wave mixing and electromagnetically induced transparency mediated storage of multimode transverse images carried by optical pulses in hot atomic Rubidium vapor and show that the images retrieved are robust to diffusion.
Facile Synthesis of Graphite-Reduced Graphite Oxide Core–Sheath Fiber via Direct Exfoliation of Carbon Fiber for Supercapacitor Application (2014)

A graphite-reduced graphite oxide (rGO) core-sheath structured fiber was synthesized through chemical exfoliation of graphitic carbon fiber. The graphitic carbon fiber was oxidized to form a graphite-graphite oxide core-sheath fiber and followed by thermal exfoliation to form a graphite-rGO core-sheath fiber. The core-sheath fiber with a three-dimensionally (3D) structured rGO sheath possesses a high surface area and pore size around 5.5 nm. A two-electrode supercapacitor constructed with this core-sheath fiber-based paper exhibited a high specific capacitance (140 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1)), high power density of 45 kW/kg, and good cycling stability (10% capacity loss after 3000 cycles). The surface area normalized capacitance reached as high as 59.4 μF cm(-2), indicating the effective use of surface area. The low equivalent series resistance value of 0.45 ohm in the Nyquist plot indicates an extremely small resistance between the graphite core and rGO sheet sheath. The hierarchical three-dimensional structure enables one to maximize the advantages of both graphite and rGO sheets. The 3D-structured rGO sheets sheath with regular pore structure is favorable for ion diffusion due to its interconnected porous system, while the graphite core provides an electron transport pathway with high conductivity.
How important are direct interactions between large and small scales in turbulent flows? (1993)

The above question is closely related to other questions like the following ones:
Determination of Optimum Proportions for Hydrostatic Bearings (1958)

The effect of recess size on the pressure, flow and power requirements of several hydrostatic bearing configurations is described in terms of dimensionless coefficients called performance factors. Performance factors are determined analytically for a circular hydrostatic thrust bearing with a circular recess (for which there is a known solution), compared graphically with the electric analog solutions for this bearing and found to be in excellent agreement. The electric analog approach is also used to determine the performance factors of several other bearing configurations for which there are no known solutions. These data are presented in the form of dimensionless curves. It was found that for a given bearing configuration, there is a particular recess size which will give minimum supply pump power. Where limiting factors, such as, pump output pressure and/or flow do not dominate, it is suggested that bearings be designed to operate at the minimum pump power point.
Rutting Prediction of a Reinforced Cold Bituminous Emulsion Mixture Using Finite Element Modelling (2016)

A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of a reinforced cold bituminous emulsion mixture (CBEM) was built in order to investigate the effect of static wheel load on rutting formation and flexible pavement response. This model was developed to represent a four-layer pavement structure with elastic responses and to simulate the mechanical behaviour and pavement performance under static load condition. Also, it is focused on the prediction of the contribution of glass fibre (as a reinforcement material) in the surface course to the development of the tensile and shear strength of flexible pavements. The preparation and validation of the model were carried out in the pavement laboratory using experimental data. In this research, finite element analyses have been conducted using ABAQUS software, in which model dimensions, element types and meshing strategies are employed to achieve the desired degree of accuracy and convergence of the developed model. In addition, this developed model has been applied to CBEMs to investigate the effects of glass fibre on the performance of a reinforced pavement surface layer, as well as to study the effects of this fibre in terms of minimizing the vertical surface deflection, and horizontal and vertical displacements for the various courses. Finally, the FE model is capable of predicting surface damage to flexible pavements and their partial recovery following the application of the load. The results demonstrate the capability of the model to simulate the effect of fibre on vertical surface deflection (rutting), horizontal and vertical displacements in CBEM.
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Twin Dimers Containing Cyanostilbene Derivatives as a Mesogenic Group (2004)

We synthesized twin dimers (TDs) with different linking groups between a mesogenic group and a flexible spacer, different spacer length, and different terminal alkyl chain length to clarify the effect of these groups on the mesomorphic properties of the TDs. A remarkable odd–even effect on the phase transition temperatures and nematic–isotrophic phase transition entropy changes was observed for the TDs with different spacer length. Liquid crystallinity of TDs with ester linking group was superior to that of TDs with ether linking group. Length of terminal group played an important role in exhibiting a smectic phase for TDs with ester linking group.
Dissolution of Precious Metals in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2005)

Precious metals including copper, gold, and palladium can be dissolved in supercritical CO2 by oxidation with HNO3 and subsequent chelation with hexafluoroacetylacetone to form CO2-soluble metal β-diketonate complexes. The oxidizing agent HNO3 is carried into the supercritical fluid phase by the CO2-soluble Lewis base tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a complex of the general form TBP(HNO3)x(H2O)y. For the dissolution of Pd metal, a Lewis acid−base complex of the form TBP(HNO3)1.0(H2O)0.4 is required. Au and Cu can be oxidized with a lesser amount of HNO3 in the complex. This supercritical fluid dissolution technique provides a “dry” method for recovering precious metals from abandoned electronics and spent catalysts with minimum waste generation.
One dose or two? The use of polymers in drug delivery (2007)

Abstract Controlled‐release delivery systems are designed to prolong the release of drugs within the body. They consist of drug molecules encapsulated within biodegradable polymers which degrade safely into small, non‐toxic fragments, resulting in the release of the drug. Because different polymers have different degradation times, the system can be tailored to achieve the desired release rate and this can be very useful in treatments where daily dosing is required, such as epilepsy. Despite this obvious advantage, there are problems with this type of delivery, including an increased risk of overdosing. This article examines the pros and cons of controlled‐release drug‐delivery systems. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Oral exposure to PAH: bioactivation processes in the human gut. (2003)

Exposure to environmental contaminants through soil ingestion is an important issue in current health risk assessment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are high concern chemicals as these compounds or their metabolites may have toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic or even (anti)estrogenic properties. PAHs that are effectively detoxified by liver biotransformation processes are removed from the body by urinary or biliary excretion under a conjugated form, better known as phase II metabolites. However, biliary excretion products have to pass the colon in order to be excreted from the body. This colon harbours a complex microbial community, consisting of billions of microorganisms from a wide species diversity with a wide variety of metabolic capabilities. The possibility exists that biliary PAH conjugates enter the colon and are deconjugated by e.g. microbial glucuronidase activity, producing the more toxic PAH intermediates. Additionally, the wide variety of microbial enzymes may be able to transform contaminants that were not intestinally absorbed, but that are partly available to the colon microbiota. Hence, these transformation reactions in the colon lumen may lead to toxic intermediates again, increasing the health risk associated with these compounds. We used the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) to perform in vitro digestion experiments on PAHs entering the gastrointestinal tract. To screen for possible toxicological aspects, three bioassays were combined on concentration dilution series of the digests. Genotoxic potencies were assessed in a SOS-chromotest, while binding to the human estrogen (hER) and aryl (hAR) receptor was evaluated in two yeast bioassays. Upon incubation, positive signals in the estrogen receptor test and slightly increased genotoxic levels in the SOS-chromotest were observed. PAHs as such are not estrogenic, nor genotoxic, leading to our hypothesis that biotransformation reactions had occurred during incubation with colon microbiota in the SHIME reactor. The production of intermediates that have already been described to have estrogenic or genotoxic properties, was confirmed by the detection of 1-hydroxypyrene and 7-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene using HPLC-ESI-MS. These findings suggest that colonic microorganisms, fungal or bacterial, may biotransform PAHs. These processes leading to possibly toxic metabolites have not been investigated yet and further research is warranted.
Cover-it: an interactive system for covering 3d prints (2015)

The ubiquity of 3D printers has made it possible to print various types of objects, from toys to mechanical objects. However, most available 3D printers are single or double colors. Even printers that can produce objects with multiple colors do not offer the ability to cover the object with a desired material, such as a piece of cloth or fur. In this paper, we propose a system that produces simple 2D patches that can be used as a reference for cutting material to cover the 3D printed object. The system allows for user interactions to correct and modify the patches, and provides guidelines on how to wrap the printed object via small curves illustrating the patch boundaries etched on the printed object as well as an animation showing how the 2D patches should be folded together. To avoid wasting materials, a heuristics method is also employed to pack 2D patches in the layout. To compensate the effect of inflation resulted from covering objects with thick materials, an offsetting tool is provided in Cover-it. In addition, since many low scale details of an object is not visible after covering, a mesh can be simplified in Cover-it to reduce the number of 2D patches.
N-oxides and related compounds. Part XXVII. A proton magnetic resonance investigation of the interaction of pyridines with some Lewis acids (1966)

The variation is discussed of the chemical shifts of ring protons of a series of methyl-substituted pyridines in the following solvents: arsenic trichloride, phosphorus trichloride, sulphur dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, and cyclohexane. The solvent shifts for the first three solvents are shown to be qualitatively similar although quantitatively less than for trifluoroacetic acid. No evidence was found for back-co-ordination in pyridine complexes with arsenic trichloride or phosphorus trichloride.
Robust BRCA1‐like classification of copy number profiles of samples repeated across different datasets and platforms (2015)

Breast cancers with BRCA1 germline mutation have a characteristic DNA copy number (CN) pattern. We developed a test that assigns CN profiles to be 'BRCA1-like' or 'non-BRCA1-like', which refers to resembling a BRCA1-mutated tumor or resembling a tumor without a BRCA1 mutation, respectively. Approximately one third of the BRCA1-like breast cancers have a BRCA1 mutation, one third has hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter and one third has an unknown reason for being BRCA1-like. This classification is indicative of patients' response to high dose alkylating and platinum containing chemotherapy regimens, which targets the inability of BRCA1 deficient cells to repair DNA double strand breaks. We investigated whether this classification can be reliably obtained with next generation sequencing and copy number platforms other than the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) on which it was originally developed. We investigated samples from 230 breast cancer patients for which a CN profile had been generated on two to five platforms, comprising low coverage CN sequencing, CN extraction from targeted sequencing panels (CopywriteR), Affymetrix SNP6.0, 135K/720K oligonucleotide aCGH, Affymetrix Oncoscan FFPE (MIP) technology, 3K BAC and 32K BAC aCGH. Pairwise comparison of genomic position-mapped profiles from the original aCGH platform and other platforms revealed concordance. For most cases, biological differences between samples exceeded the differences between platforms within one sample. We observed the same classification across different platforms in over 80% of the patients and kappa values of at least 0.36. Differential classification could be attributed to CN profiles that were not strongly associated to one class. In conclusion, we have shown that the genomic regions that define our BRCA1-like classifier are robustly measured by different CN profiling technologies, providing the possibility to retro- and prospectively investigate BRCA1-like classification across a wide range of CN platforms.
Serum homocysteine concentration as an indicator of survival in patients with acute coronary syndromes (2000)

Background Circulating homocysteine levels are predictive of survival in patients with stable coronary artery disease. The prognostic value of serum homocysteine levels, obtained in the acute phase in patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina, is unknown.\n\nObjective To test the hypothesis that circulating homocysteine levels, obtained during the first 24 hours following hospital admission in patients with acute coronary syndromes, are predictive of long-term mortality.\n\nMethods To test this hypothesis we performed a prospective inception cohort study at a teaching hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. A total of 579 patients (179 women and 400 men; median age, 67 years) were included (Q-wave myocardial infarction in 163 patients, non– Q-wave myocardial infarction in 210 patients, unstable angina pectoris in 206 patients).\n\nMain Outcome Measure All-cause mortality.\n\nResults During a median follow-up of 628 days, 65 patients died. The serum homocysteine level (mean [SD]) was significantly lower in long-term survivors (n=514) than in nonsurvivors (n=65) (12.3 [7.0] vs 14.3 [5.9] µmol/L; P=.003). The relative risk (all-cause mortality) for patients with homocysteine levels in the upper quartile was 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.0) compared with that of patients in the 3 lower quartiles. After adjustment for relevant confounders, the relative risk estimate remained significant (relative risk=1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.80). In a stepwise model the homocysteine level provided prognostic information additional to that of patient age, diabetes mellitus, and diuretic usage prior to hospital admission (P=.03).\n\nConclusion The serum homocysteine level on hospital admission is an independent predictor of long-term survival in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Concentrations of Prostaglandin E2 and Bradykinin in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation. (2001)

We investigated the concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bradykinin (BK) in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lumbar disc herniation. The preoperative PGE2 and BK levels were 3.7±1.8pg/ml and 4.9±3.8pg/ml, respectively. The PGE2 and BK levels did not correlate with the severity of the leg pain. The postoperative PGE2 and BK levels were 4.5±2.9pg/ml and 5.6±2.9pg/ml, respectively. There were no differences between preoperative PGE2, BK levels and their postoperative levels. This result suggested that the PGE2 and BK concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid do not reflect the severity of the leg pain.
Syntheses of Aromatic Polysulfones. (1967)

Solution polycondensation of aromatic mono- and di-sulfonic acid derivatives has been investigated using polyphosphoric acid, which served as a solvent as well as a condensing agent. Some monosulf onic acid derivatives such as sodium diphenylether-4-sulf ovate and barium dibenzyl-4-sulf ovate gave linear polysulf ones which showed inherent viscosities up to 0.17 and melting points below 250°C Disulfonic acid derivatives, however, failed to give water insoluble products.Some physical properties of the resulting polysulf ones are described.
Usage of inhalation devices in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Delphi consensus statement (2013)

The results of this survey thus suggested that inhalation devices are as important as active substances and training and monitoring are essential in ensuring effective treatment of asthma and COPD. Inhalation device switching without medical consultation should be avoided.
2-Phenylethyl Acetate Formation by Immobilized Cells of<i>Hanseniaspora vineae</i>in Sequential Mixed Fermentations (2011)

Hanseniaspora vineae 1471, characterized as a strong producer of 2-phenylethyl acetate in wine, has been immobilized on calcium alginate beads. Fermentation trials of free and immobilized cells showed that immobilization did not affect the levels of 2-phenylethyl acetate. The removal of H. vineae immobilized cells from the fermenting must at different time points followed by the inoculation of free cells of a commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used as a tool to modulate the concentration of 2-phenylethyl acetate in wine. Analysis of enological characteristics and volatile compounds showed the feasibility of the use of the mixed sequential cultures to produce wines with different chemical characteristics.