gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed convection in a horizontal tube with external longitudinal fins (2002)

fins is significantly greater than that from the bottom fins. and hydrodynamic fields are quite different and that the heat loss from the top linearly with the temperature of the solid, show that the corresponding thermal numerically for bare and finned tubes. The results, for heat losses varying a horizontal tube and conduction in the surrounding solid have been solved The coupled non-linear PDEs modeling developing laminar mixed convection in
Broadband multimode antennas for MIMO applications (2004)

This paper presents compact broadband multimode antennas for MIMO and diversity applications. The antenna system is riot based on spatial diversity. as usual MIMO system, but on a combination of pattern and polarisation diversity. Different modes of self-complementary spiral antennas we used to decorrelate the signals. It is shown that only one antenna is necessary to receive three uncorrelated signals, thus the space required to place the MIMO antenna is very small.
Porpoise click classifier (PorCC): A high-accuracy classifier to study harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in the wild (2019)

Harbour porpoises are well-suited for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as they produce highly stereotyped narrow-band high-frequency (NBHF) echolocation clicks. PAM systems must be coupled with a classification algorithm to identify the signals of interest. Here, the authors present a harbour porpoise click classifier (PorCC) developed in matlab, which uses the coefficients of two logistic regression models in a decision-making pathway to assign candidate signals to one of three categories: high-quality clicks (HQ), low-quality clicks (LQ), or high-frequency noise. The receiver operating characteristics of PorCC was compared to that of PAMGuard's Porpoise Click Detector/Classifier Module. PorCC outperformed PAMGuard's classifier achieving higher hit rates (correctly classified clicks) and lower false alarm levels (noise classified as HQ or LQ clicks). Additionally, the detectability index (d') for HQ clicks for PAMGuard was 2.2 (overall d' = 2.0) versus 4.1 for PorCC (overall d' = 3.4). PorCC classification algorithm is a rapid and highly accurate method to classify NBHF clicks, which could be applied for real time monitoring, as well as to study harbour porpoises, and potentially other NBHF species, throughout their distribution range from data collected using towed hydrophones or static recorders. Moreover, PorCC is suitable for studies of acoustic communication of porpoises.
Developing countries in the ITO and GATT negotiations (2010)

Purpose The literature examining the participation of developing countries in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and International Trade Organisation (ITO) negotiations generally sees their attitudes towards these projects as having been driven exclusively by a commitment to import substitution. This commitment, it is argued, led developing countries to oppose many aspects of the GATT/ITO project, particularly the requirement for reciprocal tariff cuts. The purpose of this paper is to focus on examining the critical period around the ultimately doomed negotiation of the Charter for an ITO and the process of creating the GATT. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws from GATT documents and from the literature on economic history to give a more comprehensive account of the motivating ideas underpinning developing countries attitudes to the post‐war negotiations. Findings This paper argues that this view misconstrues and caricatures the ideas and motivations underpinning developing countries' attitudes towards the GATT and ITO. Though import substitution and the related objective of industrialisation each played a part in shaping developing countries' attitudes, they are only aspects of a more complex set of aims and ideas. Developing countries were drawing from a range of key experiences and ideas beyond simply import substitution in forming their attitude towards the GATT/ITO project, in particular the volatility in commodity markets that preceded the negotiations, the legacy of colonialism and the lessons provided by the ninetieth and twentieth centuries on trade policy. Finally, this paper argues that the first round of GATT negotiations shows that developing countries were substantially less opposed to reciprocal tariff concessions than has previously been argued. Originality/value These findings are important for anyone who wants to understand the evolution of the GATT and the role developing countries played in it, and the difficulties between the rich and poor nations that continue to characterise negotiations in the World Trade Organisation.
Electron microscopy of the effects of Unguentum lymphaticum on acute experimental lymphedema and various high-protein edemas. (1983)

Rats' legs and feet were studied by qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy, including mass densitometry of protein in the tissues and in the initial lymphatics. The tissues were either normal, or had been made edematous by lymphostasis, moderate burns, or dextran. It was found that Unguentum lymphaticum very greatly reduced the amount of edema in the legs with lymphostasis. Since the concentrations of plasma protein in the tissues and initial lymphatics, and its total amounts in the tissues were all greatly reduced, it appears that the cream's anti-lymphedematous activity is via a removal of the excess protein. Since the macrophages were greatly increased in number by the cream (and previous work shows that selectively poisoning these cells prevents much of the cream's effectiveness in lymphedema), very probably it is this increase in their numbers (and possibly their individual proteolytic activities) which is how the cream causes the removal of the excess protein--via an increased proteolysis. The cream also causes an increase in the amount of edema in the rat-foot (after all the injuries, including lymphedema); however the concentration and amount of protein in the tissues is reduced. This is consistent with an inflow of low protein fluid, caused by a vaso-dilatation of the blood microcirculation of this rather specialized tissue. All of these characteristics are very similar to those of many of the benzo-pyrone group of drugs.
Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) Acts as a Repressor of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α (PPARα) and PPARβ Activity (2003)

The nuclear receptor (NR) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) mediates the effects of several hypolipidemic drugs, endogenous fatty acids, and peroxisome proliferators. Despite belonging to a class of NR not known to interact with cytosolic chaperone complexes, we have recently shown that PPARalpha interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), although the biological consequence of this association was unknown. In the present study, PPARalpha directly associated with Hsp90 in vitro to a much greater extent than either PPARbeta or PPARgamma. This interaction is similar to other NR-Hsp90 complexes with association occurring between the middle of Hsp90 and the hinge (D) and ligand binding domain (EF) of PPARalpha. Using several different approaches to disrupt Hsp90 complexes within the cell, we demonstrate that Hsp90 is a repressor of both PPARalpha and PPARbeta activity. Treatment with geldanamycin (GA) increased the activity of PPARalpha and in the presence of ligand in transient transfection assays. PPARalpha-response element (PPRE)-reporter assays in a stable cell line treated with GA resulted in enhanced expression of a known target gene, acyl-CoA oxidase. Similarly, overexpression of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) increased PPARalpha or PPARbeta activity in a PPRE-reporter assay and decreased the interaction between PPARalpha or PPARbeta and Hsp90 in a mammalian two-hybrid assay. Finally, cotransfection with the C-terminal hsp-interacting protein (CHIP) construct, a TPR-containing ubiquitin ligase that interacts with hsp90, increased PPARalpha's and decreased PPARbeta's ability to regulate PPRE-reporter activity upon ligand activation. All three methods to disrupt Hsp90 function (GA, PP5-TPR, CHIP) resulted in an alteration in PPARalpha or PPARbeta activity to a much greater extent than PPARgamma. While FKBP52 had no effect on PPARalpha activity, p23 greatly enhanced constitutive and Wy14 643 induced PPRE-reporter activity. Thus, we describe the chaperone complex as being a regulator of PPARalpha and PPARbeta activity and have identified a novel, subtype-specific, inhibitory role for Hsp90.
Japanese Beetles Facilitate Feeding by Green June Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Ripening Grapes (2008)

Adult activity of native green June beetles, Cotinis nitida L., and invasive Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, peaked in late July in Kentucky coincident with later stages of veraison in early- and midseason ripening grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars. Most C. nitida feeding aggregations sampled on clusters of early-ripening grapes in the research vineyard also contained Japanese beetles. Assays showed C. nitida generally are unable to bite into intact ripe grape berries, whereas Japanese beetles readily do so. The beetles' disparate biting ability is likely because of differences in their mandibles, which are sharply pointed and opposable in P. japonica compared with C. nitida mandibles that are bluntly spatulate, do not meet at their tips, and seemingly are only suited for feeding on fruit pulp or other soft food. Japanese beetles were shown to facilitate C. nitida feeding by biting through the skin and providing access to the soft berry pulp. Juice from early- and midseason ripening grape cultivars with relatively high sugar content elicited the greatest feeding by P. japonica. A scenario is suggested wherein Japanese beetles open wound sites and contaminate fruits with yeasts that induce fermentation volatiles that attract C. nitida. Japanese beetles had difficulty biting berries of Sunbelt, a late-ripening cultivar. Phenological resistance, i.e., planting cultivars that ripen after peak flight, could be an effective management strategy. Establishment of P. japonica in grape-growing regions of the southeastern United States will likely elevate the pest status of C. nitida in vineyards.
Mucosal Inflammation and Asthma (1994)

"Mucosal Inflammation and Asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 150(5_pt_2), pp. S18–S22
Gold Derivatives of Eight Rare-Earth-Metal-Rich Tellurides: Monoclinic R<sub>7</sub>Au<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> and Orthorhombic R<sub>6</sub>AuTe<sub>2</sub> Types (2012)

Two series of rare-earth-metal (R) compounds, R(7)Au(2)Te(2) (R = Tb, Dy, Ho) and R(6)AuTe(2) (R = Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Lu), have been synthesized by high-temperature techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses as monoclinic Er(7)Au(2)Te(2)-type and orthorhombic Sc(6)PdTe(2)-type structures, respectively. Single-crystal diffraction results are reported for Ho(7)Au(2)Te(2), Lu(6)AuTe(2), Sc(6)Au(0.856(2))Te(2), and Sc(6)Au(0.892(3))Te(2). The structure of Ho(7)Au(2)Te(2) consists of columns of Au-centered tricapped trigonal prisms (TCTPs) of Ho condensed into 2D zigzag sheets that are interbridged by Te and additional Ho to form the 3D network. The structure of Lu(6)AuTe(2) is built of pairs of Au-centered Lu TCTP chains condensed with double Lu octahedra in chains into 2D zigzag sheets that are separated by Te atoms. Tight binding-linear muffin-tin orbital-atomic sphere approximation electronic structure calculations on Lu(6)AuTe(2) indicate a metallic property. The principal polar Lu-Au and Lu-Te interactions constitute 75% of the total Hamilton populations, in contrast to the small values for Lu-Lu bonding even though these comprise the majority of the atoms. A comparison of the theoretical results for Lu(6)AuTe(2) with those for isotypic Lu(6)AgTe(2) and Lu(6)CuTe(2) provides clear evidence of the greater relativistic effects in the bonding of Au. The parallels and noteworthy contrasts between Ho(7)Au(2)Te(2) (35 valence electrons) and the isotypic but much electron-richer Nb(7)P(4) (55 valence electrons) are analyzed and discussed.
Effect of Aging on Heart Rate and Rhythm in Subjects Free fromHeart Disease: A 7-Year Prospective Study (1991)

Thirty-six subjects (age 50 ± 10 years, range 24-65), free of cardiac disease, underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG) and maximum exercise stress testing at baseline and 7 ± 1 years later. At follow-up, weight, cholesterol, blood pressure, premature atrial complexes, premature ventricular complexes, and the percentage of subjects with premature ventricular complexes increased. No subject had repetitive forms or more than 1,000 premature ventricular complexes/24 h. Exercise tolerance, submaximum and maximum exercise heart rate,and minimum and average maximum heart rate on AECG decreased. The differences between hourly average maximum and minimum heart rates and between maximum exercise heart rate and maximum heart rate recorded on AECG decreased. These changes with age are not due to subclinical heart disease.
Synthesis of Substituted Aziridines via Intramolecular Reaction of b-N-Chloroethylamino Carbanions (2008)

Simple and efficient method of synthesis of 2-alkoxycarbonyl, 2-cyano, 2-phenylsulfonyl N-alkylaziridines was elaborated via intramolecular nucleophiles substitution of chloride in 1-N-chloro-2-alkoxycarbonyl (cyano, phenylsulfonyl) ethyl amines.These substituted N-chloroamines are readily erasable via N-chlorination of the adducts of primary amines to Michael acceptors.Aziridines are important class of compounds widely used as intermediates in synthesis of aminoacids, 1 aminoalcohols 2 etc. and also in multistep synthesis of pharmaceuticals, 3 natural products etc. 4 Some aziridines have found application as biologically active substances. 5 Due to wide application of aziridines as intermediates in organic synthesis there is a continuous interest in efficient methods of construction of the aziridine rings.Many variants of synthesis of aziridines are reported 5,6 that consist in: Formation on N-C bond when N-acts as a nucleophilic partner.This variant includes intramolecular substitution of halogen or sulfonyloxy groups in β-haloalkylamines and sulfonates of β-aminoalcohols, and also the aza-Darzenes reaction: addition of α-halocarbanions to electron-deficient imines followed by intramolecular substitution in produced intermediate β-haloalkyl-N-anions.Formation of N-C bond when N-acts as an electrophilic partner.Simultaneous formation of two N-C bond via reaction of nitrenes and related reagents with alkenes.Simultaneous formation of N-C bond and C-C bonds via reactions of carbenes with imines etc.The reactions of nitrenes and carbenes are often catalyzed by transition metals.
Ionization, Energetics, and Geometry of the Phenol−S Complexes (S = H<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, and CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>) (1998)

The present study combines both experiment and molecular modeling to describe the photoionization behavior of the gas-phase hydrogen-bonded complexes of phenol with water, methanol, and dimethyl ether, in particular the occurrence of fragmentation following ionization. Using the two-color two-photon resonant ionization laser technique, the threshold for dissociative ionization of these species has been measured. For the first time, precise binding energies have been deduced for the neutral species: D0(phenol−H2O) = 243 ± 5 meV and D0(phenol−CH3OH) = 265 ± 8 meV. Using a semiempirical potential model, the minimum energy structures of both neutral and ionic species have been determined. This theoretical study has emphasized the role of the dispersive interactions in the geometry of these neutral complexes, in particular the interactions between the alkyl group of the solvent molecule (CH3 in the case of methanol or dimethyl ether) and the π-cloud of the aromatic molecule. In addition, the comparison between the neutral and ionic geometry of these complexes has allowed us to account qualitatively for the changes in the ionization properties within the complex series, namely in their zero kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra.
Structural Biology of Sulfotransferase. (2000)

The crystal structures of the estrogen sulfotransferase and the sulfotransferase domain (NsT1) of human heparan sulfate NDST 1 (N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase) have been solved in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) . These structures reveal structural similarity between sulfotransferase and nucleotide kinase.
Plastic fats with zero <b> <i>trans</i> </b> fatty acids by interesterification of mango, mahua and palm oils (2005)

Speciality plastic fats with no trans fatty acids suitable for use in bakery and as vanaspati are prepared by interesterification of blends of palm hard fraction (PSt) with mahua and mango fats at various proportions. It was found that the interesterified samples did not show significant differences in solid fat content (SFC) after 0.5 or 1 h reaction time. The blends containing PSt/mahua (1:1) showed three distinct endotherms, indicating a heterogeneity of triacylglycerols (TG), the proportions of which altered after interesterification. The SFC also showed improved plasticity after interesterification. Similar results were observed with other blends of PSt/mahua (1:2). These changes in melting behavior are due to alterations in TG composition, as the trisaturated-type TG were reduced and the low-melting TG increased after interesterification. The blends containing PSt/mango (1:1) showed improvement in plasticity after interesterification, whereas those containing PSt/mango (2:1) were hard and showed high solid contents at higher temperature and hence may not be suitable for bakery or as vanaspati. The blends with palm and mahua oils were softer and may be suitable for margarine-type products. The results showed that the blends of PSt/mahua (1:1, 1:2) and PSt/mango (1:1) after interesterification for 1 h at 80 °C showed an SFC similar to those of commercial hydrogenated bakery shortenings and vanaspati. Hence, they could be used in these applications in place of hydrogenated fats as they are free from trans acids, which are reported to be risk factors involved in coronary heart disease. For softer consistency like margarine applications, the blends containing palm oil and mahua oil are suitable.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dithionite at a Cobalt(II)tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine and 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin Cobalt(II) Modified Gold Electrode in Alkaline Solution (2004)

Abstract In this paper it is shown that the charge transfer kinetics of the oxidation of sodium dithionite at a gold electrode in alkaline solution can be increased by modifying this electrode with cobalt(II)tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, sodium salt (CoTSPc) or 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin cobalt(II), tetrasodium salt (CoTSPor). Electrodeposition of these catalysts is discussed as well as the oxidation of sodium dithionite at these immobilized catalysts. Despite an observed acceleration in the charge transfer kinetics, sodium dithionite is still oxidized irreversibly. However, the improvement in kinetics has beneficial consequences in the field of electroanalysis of sodium dithionite. Comparison of the oxidation at bare gold and modified gold electrodes showed that with improved charge transfer kinetics at the modified electrodes a higher sensitivity and selectivity and a much lower detection limit is obtained.
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF MALTING: VIII. HORDEIN IN RELATION TO ANTHOCYANOGENS (LEUCOANTHOCYANINS) IN UNGERMINATED BARLEY (1959)

Hordein prepared by direct extraction of barley grist using 70% ethanol contains associated anthocyanogens (leucoanthocyanins) which cannot be completely separated from the protein by dialysis, electrophoresis, treatment with solvents or selective adsorption. On the other hand, the anthocyanogens appear not to be combined with the bulk of the protein in the grain itself where, rather, they occur in the husk, pericarp and the aleurone layer, and, in lower concentration, throughout the endosperm. The anthocyanogens yield, on treatment with acid, cyanidin and delphinidin as well as one yellow and three unidentified red compounds. They include components similar in light absorption to the pigment obtained by Raudnitz on heating humic acid with mineral acid.
All-Fiber Laser Systems That Can Operate in Burst Mode (2016)

Fiber lasers which operate in burst-mode where densely spaced pulses occur inside bursts repeated at much lower repetition rates can be valuable tool for sensing and imaging. We introduce such lasers and propose possible applications. © OSA 2016. © OSA 2016.
Hopelessness and Suicidal Ideation in Outpatients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Prevalence and Impact on Treatment Outcome (2005)

Depression and hopelessness are risk factors for suicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to study the impact of suicidal ideation and hopelessness on treatment with nortriptyline (NT). The degree of suicidal ideation and hopelessness was assessed during the screen visit with the use of items #3 and #30 of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) in 89 patients with TRD who entered a 6-week open trial of NT. Forty of these patients also completed the Beck Hopelessness Index (BHI) during the screen visit. In separate logistic regressions, the scores from the BHI and the two HAM-D items were then tested as predictors of clinical response to the 6-week trial with NT, controlling for the severity of depression. More than half of patients reported thoughts or wishes of death to self and significant hopelessness. A greater degree of hopelessness before treatment in completers, reflected by the score on the HAM-D item #30, predicted response to NT. More than half of patients with prominent hopelessness who completed the trial responded. Patients with TRD are more likely than not to report prominent suicidal ideation and hopelessness. Furthermore, a full 6-week trial of NT, a relatively noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant, may be particularly useful in patients who have failed to respond to several antidepressants and also report significant hopelessness.
Personal Reasons for the Dismissal of Teachers in Smaller Schools (1936)

(1936). Personal Reasons for the Dismissal of Teachers in Smaller Schools. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 585-588.