gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLC based automated liquid mixing and bottle filling system (2016)

Automating repetitive tasks in the industries increases the productivity; reduces the probability of error and maintain product quality. Traditional methods of mixing fixed quantities of different types of liquids and filling them in bottles involve manual mixing of the constituent components based on measurements and bottling of the mixture as desired. Manual handling of such tasks is time consuming; expensive and often lack consistency in product quality due to human errors. A Laboratory Prototype of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based automated liquid mixing and bottle filling system is designed to automate the control and mixing of two different liquids in predefined proportion and filling the generated mixture in bottles to achieve quality control; reduce human intervention and improve productivity. The mixing system draws fluids from two storage tanks and mix them in a user selectable pre-defined proportion and stores the mixture in an overhead reservoir. The bottling system transfers the mixture from the overhead reservoir to conveyor fed empty bottles based on the user defined ladder logic. The developed laboratory prototype of the automated system has housekeeping features; which include high and low level liquid indicators; emergency alarm for warning the operator and automatic stop features etc.
Implementing Parallel Counters with Four-Valued Threshold Logic (1979)

Parallel counters are multiple-input circuits that count the number of their inputs that are in a given state. They are useful in implementing parallel multipliers, digital summers, digital correlators, and in other digital signal processing capacities. In this paper, the implementation of parallel counters with four-valued threshold logic is described and these implementations are compared to their binary full adder network counter equivalents. This logic form was selected because of the increasing importance of implementing state-of-the-art digital signal processing systems in large-scale-integrated (LSI) circuit form. LSI circuit designs are, in general, limited by the number of metal signal and power lines that must be placed upon the chip's surface, not by the number of active and passive devices used. Since each signal variable in four-valued logic may assume four logic states, twice the information carrying capacity as in binary logic, an over 50-percent savings in the total number of signal variables required to implement the parallel counter results. Also, with the circuits we describe here, approximately 50 percent fewer transistors and resistors are necessary for the implementation of four-valued logic parallel counters. These savings are attainable with a modest tradeoff in speed and power.
Asynchronous Fast Frequency-Hopping (1996)

Abstruct- In this paper we address the problem of constructing frequency-hopping codes for use in a fast frequencyhopping code-division multiple-access cellular system with a Kcell frequency-reuse scheme. Different hopping codes are used in different cochannel cells to reduce the cochannel interference. The frequency-hopping patterns possess ideal auto- and crosscorrelation properties for use in the intracells and ideal autocorrelation and nearly ideal cross-correlation properties in the cochannel intercells. Additionally the cardinalities (the number of patterns) of the codes for use in the intracells meets the bound and hence are optimal. The maximum number of users which can be accommodated by using the proposed scheme is 20% more than the scheme using the same frequency-hopping code in all cells under the carrier-to-interference ratio - 15 dB. I. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
Monitoring of the transparent fibre infrastructure for FTTx networks: An operator's view (2010)

In the access network area the optical fibre step by step substitutes the existing copper cable infrastructure in order to enable new services requiring a steadily increasing bandwidth. The optical fibre is capable to transmit significantly higher data rates over longer distances than the copper links. In the next years new architectures like Fibre-to-the-Building and Fibre-to-the-Home will be implemented in the access networks. These fibre links require a monitoring of the infrastructure by the network operator in order the guarantee a high quality of service. The monitoring is necessary during the fibre installation with final test, regular operation of the network and for fault location. The possibilities and particularities of fibre monitoring in transparent optical access networks in comparison to the core network are described. Considering the operational conditions the preferred and suitable solutions from a view point of a network operator are shown and described in detail.
Efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors in small-cell lung cancer (2016)

Compared with chemotherapy alone, antibodies targeting VEGF plus chemotherapy significantly improved ORR and prolonged PFS with an acceptable toxicity profile for patients with SCLC. Therefore, angiogenesis inhibitors, especially antibodies targeting VEGF, combining with chemotherapy may be a potential promising strategy in managing SCLC.
Stereoselective Reactions of <i>N</i>-(9-Phenylfluoren-9-yl)-4-oxoproline Enolates. An Expedient Route for the Preparation of Conformationally Restricted Amino Acid Analogues (1999)

Methodology for the stereoselective preparation of 3-alkylprolines from N-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)-4-oxoproline is presented. The enolate of a N-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)-4-oxoproline ester was shown to give stereoselective aldol condensations with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The enolate was preferentially approached by the electrophile through the Re face, and high threo selectivity was also observed and provided a route to trans 3-substituted prolines. The reactions are kinetically controlled except for the case of electron-rich or sterically hindered aromatic aldehydes. The ease of the equilibration between the erythro- and threo-aldolates is dictated by the electronic nature of the group at C-4 in substituted benzaldehydes, and the steric compression of the aldehyde group increases the rate of erythro/threo equilibration. Very high stereoselection was also observed in the reductions of the keto group in 3-substituted 4-oxoproline esters. Alkylation or Michael additions of the same enolate were poorly stereoselective, probably due to equilibration of the initially formed products. Kinetic protonation of enolates of 3-alkyl-4-oxoprolines proceeded with high diastereoselection to provide the corresponding cis-3-alkylprolines.
Learning Nonlinear Functions Using Regularized Greedy Forest (2013)

We consider the problem of learning a forest of nonlinear decision rules with general loss functions. The standard methods employ boosted decision trees such as Adaboost for exponential loss and Friedman's gradient boosting for general loss. In contrast to these traditional boosting algorithms that treat a tree learner as a black box, the method we propose directly learns decision forests via fully-corrective regularized greedy search using the underlying forest structure. Our method achieves higher accuracy and smaller models than gradient boosting on many of the datasets we have tested on.
Ortho-Aminoacetophenone Repellency to Birds: Similarities to Methyl Anthranilate (1991)

J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark, Pankaj S. Shah, Ortho-Aminoacetophenone Repellency to Birds: Similarities to Methyl Anthranilate, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr., 1991), pp. 334-340
Introduction to Wireless Systems (2023)

This chapter presents a brief overview of wireless communications and cellular phone systems to lay the foundation for discussing the book's remaining chapters. It covers the basic functional blocks of a wireless communication system, radio systems classifications, radio transceivers of wireless systems, cellular phone systems including first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), and fifth-generation (5G) New Radio wireless technologies. Wireless technology was first introduced in 1901 when Guglielmo Marconi successfully achieved the first transatlantic communication. Cellular phones are the most widely used wireless systems because they enable users to connect to the standard telephone systems, support sending text messages, checking email, accessing the Internet, finding a location, and taking high-resolution photos. The 2G technology supported basic data services such as short message services.
Relative anisotropy of structures and ultrasound attenuation response between laboratory casting in permanent mould (vacuum induction melted) and casting processed through electroslag refining (2004)

In the present study, ingots of 'modified 15CDV6' (0.3C-CrMoV) steel were laboratory melted and cast by the vacuum induction melting-electroslag refining (VIM-ESR) and VIM (water cooled steel mould) routes. The ingots have been evaluated for their relative anisotropy differences by ultrasound attenuation (UA) studies along respective radial and axial directions. The expected sources of UA are crystallographic texture and the presence of defects. These defects include inclusions, grain boundaries, segregation and microporosity. Apart from microporosity, the presence of defects has been characterised along the respective casting directions. Although both castings/ingots had gone through successive phase transformations after solidification (liquid-->deltaferrite-->austenite-->ferrite), the electroslag refined (ESR) material had significantly more anisotropy in crystallographic texture, but insignificant anisotropy in inclusion distribution, as compared with the vacuum induction melted (VIM) material. The grain boundary character distributions and long range compositional fluctuations were similar and nearly isotropic between the two ingots. The ESR material, in general, was denser, which may indicate a lower presence of microporosity. Taking grain size differences into account, the UA estimated anisotropy was more for ESR material, a response clearly dominated by the anisotropy of the crystallographic texture. At a higher frequency, and correspondingly finer resolution for defects, the anisotropy owing to defects played a more dominant role, but even then the highest frequency of 2 MHz was not adequate to highlight a dominance of defect anisotropy.
Model and experiment of giant magnetostrictive vibration sensor (2008)

When applying mechanical stress to giant magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D, the magnetization along the direction of the applied stress varies due to the reverse magnetostrictive effect, which is called Villari effect. A magnetostrictive vibration sensor, which converts mechanical energy to electric energy, can be designed based on this effect. The dynamic model of the sensor was founded based on the electromagnetic principle and the magnetization model of ferromagnetic material. The experiment of the sensor was provided and the results show that the voltage is proportional to frequency and amplitude of the mechanical stress, and the peak to peak value of the sensing voltage is higher when the bias magnetic field is appropriate. It is found that the calculating results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The experimental and calculation results can provide the groundwork of optimizing design and application of the magnetostrictive vibration sensor.
Variable Dopamine Release Probability and Short-Term Plasticity between Functional Domains of the Primate Striatum (2003)

Release of the neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is critical to the control of locomotion, motivation, and reward. However, the probability of DA release is not well understood. Current understanding of neurotransmitter release probability in the CNS is limited to the conventional synaptic amino acid transmitters (e.g., glutamate and GABA). These fast neurotransmitters are released with a repertoire of probabilities according to synapse type, and these probabilities show activity-dependent plasticity according to synapse use. Synapses for neuromodulators such as DA, however, are designed for signaling that diverges temporally and spatially from that for fast neurotransmitters: DA receptors are exclusively metabotropic and at sites that extend to extrasynaptic locations and neighboring synapses. In this study, the release probability of DA was explored in real time in limbicversus motor-associated functional domains of the striatum of a primate (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) using fast-scan voltammetry at a carbon-fiber microelectrode. We show that the probability of axonal DA release varies with striatal domain. Furthermore, release probability exhibits a short-term, activity-dependent plasticity that ranges from depression to facilitation in motor-through limbic-associated regions, respectively. Rapid plasticity does not result from metabotropic D2-like DA receptor activation or ionotropic GABA(A) receptor effects but is dependent on Ca2+ availability. These data reveal that rapid dynamics in DA release probability will participate in the transmission of the patterns and frequencies encoded by DA neuron action potential discharge. Furthermore, the regional variation in these features indicates that limbic-versus motor-associated DA neurons are permitted to generate diverse DA signals in response to a given firing pattern.
Discours néolibéral d’émancipation dans le champ de l’usage des drogues : réduction des méfaits et empowerment1 (2008)

Le champ de la régulation de l’usage des drogues a connu des transformations majeures au cours des dernières décennies. Ces transformations se sont particulièrement manifestées par l’engouement pour les stratégies de réduction des méfaits et la prolifération des techniques et programmes d’ empowerment . L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la popularité accrue de ces nouvelles stratégies d’intervention à la lumière des transformations plus globales que marque le passage d’un mode de régulation providentialiste à un mode de régulation néolibéral. Cette analyse nous conduit à identifier deux thématiques réciproques de cette nouvelle forme de régulation, soit la critique du modèle institutionnel de type providentialiste et la promotion de la participation citoyenne. Cette analyse nous permet de poursuivre plus avant une réflexion sur la manière dont sont définies ces nouvelles dynamiques émancipatrices à l’ère du néolibéralisme.
Studies on equine recurrent uveitis. I: Levels of immunoglobulin and albumin in the aqueous humor of horses with and without intraocular disease (1985)

A radioimmunoassay was developed for detection of immunoglobulin in the aqueous of normal horses and horses with intraocular diseases. Levels of albumin were detected by radial immunodiffusion. Results of assays on samples from normal eyes from which aqueous was obtained by paracentesis under anesthesia were 32.10 +/- 21.50 microgram/ml for IgG, 0.05 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml for IgM, 0.04 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml for IgA and 34.0 +/- 38.0 microgram/ml for albumin. Results in 138 normal eyes sampled post mortem were 41.56 +/- 38.65 microgram/ml for IgG, 0.18 +/- 0.43 microgram/ml for IgM, 0.46 +/- 1.45 microgram/ml for IgE and 184 +/- 240 microgram/ml for albumin. Levels in abnormal eyes were some 50-120% greater, and very high levels were noted in cases of clinically documented uveitis. The aqueous to serum ratio of the proteins measured generally varied in relation to the molecular weights and was increased in diseased eyes. The ratio of IgG/albumin in the diseased eyes was less which suggested leakage of protein from an impaired blood/aqueous barrier rather than intraocular antibody synthesis.
Aqqlication of Rare Earth Elements in Surface Treating (1992)

In this paper, the status of study and application of rare earth elements in surface treating at home and abroad is overiewed. Rare earth elements have wonderful function in chemical heat treatment, coating spray weling, electro depositing, laser surface modifing The processing properties of all kinds of surface treating technique increased as the addition of Re. At the same time and metal structure of surface layer is changed. Abradability, Corrosion resisting, Oxidation resistance, Endurance strength, and temper brittlness resistance are increased because of alloying action of Re. The mechenical parts by surface treating have applicated in production widely, A great deal of econnomic benifit is abtained. It also There are still a lot of problems need to be studied.
Hyperconnectivity and Slow Synapses during Early Development of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Mouse Model for Mental Retardation and Autism (2011)

Neuronal theories of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) of autism and mental retardation propose that abnormal connectivity underlies deficits in attentional processing. We tested this theory by studying unitary synaptic connections between layer 5 pyramidal neurons within medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) networks in the Fmr1-KO mouse model for mental retardation and autism. In line with predictions from neurocognitive theory, we found that neighboring pyramidal neurons were hyperconnected during a critical period in early mPFC development. Surprisingly, excitatory synaptic connections between Fmr1-KO pyramidal neurons were significantly slower and failed to recover from short-term depression as quickly as wild type (WT) synapses. By 4-5 weeks of mPFC development, connectivity rates were identical for both KO and WT pyramidal neurons and synapse dynamics changed from depressing to facilitating responses with similar properties in both groups. We propose that the early alteration in connectivity and synaptic recovery are tightly linked: using a network model, we show that slower synapses are essential to counterbalance hyperconnectivity in order to maintain a dynamic range of excitatory activity. However, the slow synaptic time constants induce decreased responsiveness to low-frequency stimulation, which may explain deficits in integration and early information processing in attentional neuronal networks in NDDs.
Serum Protein Determination by Automatic Recording Refractometry (1962)

Abstract The results of a preliminary study of the feasibility of using recording differential refractometry for total serum protein determination indicate that the method has some merit.
Calculations of isotopic distribution in molecules extensively labeled with heavy isotopes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalculations of isotopic distribution in molecules extensively labeled with heavy isotopesH. Yamamoto and James A. McCloskeyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 2, 281–283Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50010a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50010a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Expression and biological significance of HPA and HIF-1alpha in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. (2007)

The high expression of HPA mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein is correlated with carcinogenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. There may be a positive cooperation between two of them in the carcinogenesis and development of esophageal carcinoma. The determination of HPA mRNA and HIF-1 alpha will be useful in predicting tumor biological behavior.
Medical Marijuana: Clearing Away the Smoke (2012)

Recent advances in understanding of the mode of action of tetrahydrocannabinol and related cannabinoid in-gredients of marijuana, plus the accumulating anecdotal reports on potential medical benefits have spurred increasing re-search into possible medicinal uses of cannabis. Recent clinical trials with smoked and vaporized marijuana, as well as other botanical extracts indicate the likelihood that the cannabinoids can be useful in the management of neuropathic pain, spasticity due to multiple sclerosis, and possibly other indications. As with all medications, benefits and risks need to be weighed in recommending cannabis to patients. We present an algorithm that may be useful to physicians in determining whether cannabis might be recommended as a treatment in jurisdictions where such use is permitted.
Regulation of Neuroinflammation through Programed Death-1/Programed Death Ligand Signaling in Neurological Disorders (2014)

Immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS), which involve both resident glial cells and infiltrating peripheral immune cells, play critical roles in the progress of brain injuries and neurodegeneration. To avoid inflammatory damage to the compromised brain, the immune cell activities in the CNS are controlled by a plethora of chemical mediators and signal transduction cascades, such as inhibitory signaling through programed death-1 (PD-1) and programed death ligand (PD-L) interactions. An increasing number of recent studies have highlighted the importance of PD-1/PD-L pathway in immune regulation in CNS disorders such as ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we review the current knowledge of the impact of PD-1/PD-L signaling on brain injury and neurodegeneration. An improved understanding of the function of PD-1/PD-L in the cross-talk between peripheral immune cells, CNS glial cells, and non-immune CNS cells is expected to shed further light on immunomodulation and help develop effective and safe immunotherapies for CNS disorders.
Parameterising Internal Camera Geometry with Focusing Distance (2012)

Abstract A study on the variation of internal camera geometry (principal distance, principal point position and lens distortion parameters) with different focus distances has been conducted. Results demonstrate that variations of parameters are continuous and predictable, allowing a new way to describe internal camera geometry. The classical constant parameters, c, x p , y p , K 1 , K 2 , P 1 and P 2 , are replaced by continuous functions, c(γ), x p (γ), y p (γ), K 1 (γ), K 2 (γ), P 1 (γ) and P 2 (γ), where γ is a variable describing the focus position. Incorporation of γ as a metadata tag (for example, Exif header) of a photograph jointly with a parameterised definition of camera geometry would allow full use of the autofocus camera function; enabling maximum effective depth of field, better match of the plane of focus with the object’s position and higher reliability. Additionally, conducted tests suggest the parameterised definition of internal geometry could help to locate and correct linear dependences between adjusted parameters, potentially improving the precision and accuracy of calibration.