gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Temperature Chemistry in External Galaxies (2017)

Abstract In external galaxies, some galaxies have higher activities of star formation and central supermassive black holes. The interstellar medium in those galaxies can be heated by different mechanisms such as UV-heating, X-ray heating, cosmic-ray heating, and shock/mechanical heating. Chemical compositions can also be affected by those heating mechanisms. Observations of many molecular species in those nearby galaxies are now possible with the high sensitivity of Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA). Here I cover different chemical models for those heating mechanisms. In addition, I present recent ALMA results of extragalactic astrochemistry including our results of a face-on galaxy M83 and an infrared-luminous merger NGC 3256.
Enhancing Mobile Learning Activities by the Use of Mobile Virtual Devices -- Some Design and Implementation Issues (2010)

The use of multiple mobile devices is increasing in mobile learning, bringing a need for collaboration and resource sharing among participating pupils. This paper presents an approach that addresses information and resource sharing for mobile devices in indoors and outdoors settings. Our solution consists of aggregated mobile devices, forming organizations. These Mobile Virtual Devices (MVDs) provide a new mechanism that facilitates design of mobile learning activities offering a virtual complex device that combines the features of several mobile devices.
Integration of the CAD/PDM/ERP System Based on Collaborative Design (2008)

The increasing requirement and product complexity need a new design method for the global market. The collaborative design is an important style for the requirement. The CAD system for design is connected with the Product data management (PDM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) system for management. PDM can support the management of engineering data and the product development. A methodology for the PDM/ERP/CAD integration is proposed. Firstly, the interest of integration of PDM/ERP/CAD is introduced. Then the UML-based methodology is applied for the product data integration model. The PDM structure model diagram and the class model diagram are introduced. Workflow method for the method is introduced. By workflow method, the data publican is realized by the trigger. The data among systems can be visited and exchanged by the methodology. As a result, the design and management models are modified, simultaneously and maintained consistently. The methodology is applied for a system by means of an example, which achieves a good result.
Early results with the minimally invasive thoracotomy for myocardial revascularization (1997)

Several technical difficulties can play an important role in the operative outcome because a single repeated technical error could not fully explain these heterogeneous observed failures. The technique of myocardial revascularization through a left anterior small thoracotomy might present several critical points, particularly: (1) the harvesting of LIMA, meaning the preservation of integrity of the arterial wall and adequacy of the length; (2) the method of the temporary closure of the LAD during of the anastomosis; (3) the stabilization of the LAD and the surgical technique of the anastomosis; (4) the methods for intraoperative control of the patency of the anastomosis. All points mentioned have been thought in our experience to be causes of early failure.
An Early Stage Detecting Method against SYN Flooding Attack (2008)

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks pose a serious threat to Internet security. While SYN flooding exploits the TCP three-way handshake process by sending many connection requests using spoofed source IP addresses to a victim server. DDoS attack keeps objective host from handling legitimate requests by causing it to populate its backlog queue with forged TCP connection. In this paper, we propose a novel defense mechanism that makes use of the edge routers that connect end hosts to the Internet to store and detect whether the outgoing SYN, ACK or incoming SYN/ACK segment is valid. This is accomplished by maintaining a mapping table of the outgoing SYN segments and incoming SYN/ACK segments and establishing the destination and source IP address database. The results of simulation show the approach can yield accurate DDoS alarms at early stage.
Synthesis of α- and β-Lactose-1-phosphate<sup>1,2</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of α- and β-Lactose-1-phosphate1,2F. J. Reithel and R. G. YoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 16, 4210–4211Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01136a513https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative separations of higher fatty acid methyl esters by adsorption chromatography on silica impregnated with silver nitrate (1963)

Abstract A chromatographic adsorbent has been developed for the separation of geometric isomers of fatty acid methyl esters. The adsorbent consists of silicic acid impregnated with silver nitrate. Quantitative separations of saturated, cis ‐, and trans ‐monoenoic and polyenoic methyl esters in 30 to 100 mg quantities are reported.
A constraints-based resource discovery model for multi-provider cloud environments (2012)

Abstract Abstract Increasingly infrastructure providers are supplying the cloud marketplace with storage and on-demand compute resources to host cloud applications. From an application user’s point of view, it is desirable to identify the most appropriate set of available resources on which to execute an application. Resource choice can be complex and may involve comparing available hardware specifications, operating systems, value-added services (such as network configuration or data replication) and operating costs (such as hosting cost and data throughput). Providers’ cost models often change and new commodity cost models (such as spot pricing) can offer significant savings. In this paper, a software abstraction layer is used to discover the most appropriate infrastructure resources for a given application, by applying a two-phase constraints-based approach to a multi-provider cloud environment. In the first phase, a set of possible infrastructure resources is identified for the application. In the second phase, a suitable heuristic is used to select the most appropriate resources from the initial set. For some applications a cost-based heuristic may be most appropriate; for others a performance-based heuristic may be of greater relevance. A financial services application and a high performance computing application are used to illustrate the execution of the proposed resource discovery mechanism. The experimental results show that the proposed model can dynamically select appropriate resouces for an application’s requirements.
ATROPINE SELECTIVELY BLOCKS GHRH‐INDUCED GH SECRETION WITHOUT ALTERING LH, FSH, TSH, PRL AND ACTH/CORTISOL SECRETION ELICITED BY THEIR SPECIFIC HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING FACTORS (1986)

The role of acetylcholine in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary system in man was assessed using atropine, which selectively blocks cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Paired tests were performed in 10 normal men using either GHRH (1 microgram/kg i.v.), or TRH (300 micrograms i.v.) plus LHRH (100 micrograms i.v.) plus corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) (1 microgram/kg i.v.) with or without atropine given 30 min previously (1 mg i.m.). The GHRH-induced GH secretory peak (17.8 +/- 3.0 ng/ml) was completely blocked by atropine administration (2.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) (P less than 0.05). Atropine did not, however, modify TRH-induced TSH and PRL secretion, nor FSH and LH release induced by the LHRH pulse. ACTH/cortisol secretion elicited by CRH was also unaffected by atropine. These results suggest that atropine blockade of GHRH-induced GH secretion is highly specific, and constitutes an indication of the importance of cholinergic control of GH function. Furthermore, atropine's lack of action on the other pituitary hormones rules out the possibility that it acts non-specifically, i.e. via blood flow changes or toxic effects.
Insuring against cyber-attacks (2017)

A UK Government survey has estimated that the average cost of a cyber-security breach is £75,000-£311,000 for small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) and £1.46m-£3.14m for larger organisations.1 Attacks against all business are increasing and SMEs are just as much a target as corporates, particularly in the areas of ransomware and email fraud.
A new cost-saving vacuum infusion process for fiber-reinforced composites: Pulsed infusion (2013)

A new innovative infusion technology, pulsed infusion, has been developed for the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced thermoset-based composites. Pulsed infusion is a double-bag vacuum infusion process that is based on the use of a proper designed reusable pressure distributor and able to better control the vacuum pressure in pulsed way. Thus, the transverse resin flow through the dry fiber reinforcement is promoted and a better adhesion between the resin and the fibers is achieved. The new process allows to obtain laminates with the same fiber volume fraction and tensile properties of those produced by conventional infusion technologies. An average increase up to 9% for the flexural modulus and up to 24% for flexural strength has been assessed for pulse-manufactured composites compared to traditional vacuum infusion ones. Furthermore, due to a minor consumption of resin and the absence of the distribution net, pulse infusion provides a material cost-saving advantage around 19% and a significant waste reduction.
Effects of the metabolites of the branched-chain amino acids and cysteamine on the glycine cleavage system. (1983)

The effects of ten metabolites of the branched-chain amino acids, CoA and cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine), on the glycine cleavage system were investigated with the liver extracts. It was found that CoA derivatives including tiglyl CoA, isobutyryl CoA, succinyl CoA, methylmalonyl CoA, isovaleryl CoA, propionyl CoA and CoA itself and cysteamine significantly inhibited the glycine cleavage system of the liver extracts. Further studies on the glycine-14CO2 exchange catalyzed by p-protein and H-protein purified from chicken liver indicated that tiglyl CoA inhibited the activity of P-protein in an apparently competitive manner with respect to H-protein, and that cysteamine inhibited the activity of P-protein in two ways, by increasing the Km value for glycine and changing Vmax.
The Progress of Prevention and Therapy in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury of Intestine (2005)

This review was performed to summarize the possible mechanism and therapy in ischemia reperfusion injury of intestine.
A Hybrid Collaborative Clustering Using Self-Organizing Map (2017)

In this study, we introduce a novel hybrid collaboration clustering architecture, in which several subsets of patterns can be processed together with an objective of finding a common structure. The structure revealed at the global level is determined by exchanging prototypes of the subsets of data and by moving prototypes of the corresponding clusters toward each other. Thereby, it comprises a judicious integration of the principles of vertical and horizontal collaboration using the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). A detailed clustering algorithm is developed by integrating the advantages of both collaboration clustering. The effectiveness of the algorithm, along with a comparison with other algorithms, has been demonstrated on a set of real life data sets. The power of collaboration between every pair of datasets is estimated by a parameter, we call coefficient of collaboration, to be determined iteratively during the collaboration phase using a steepest descent method based optimization, for the algorithm. Promising results discovered the deep impact observed at the individual clusters, permitting us to conclude that the global effect of the collaboration has been ameliorated. The proposed method has been validated on several datasets and experimental results have presented very promising performance.
A Handbook of Routine Urinalysis. (1983)

This practical handbook contains everything its user needs to know when performing routine urinalyses. Comprehensive in scope, the book discusses the formation of urine, its constituents and properties in both health and disease, the origin of these constituents, and the principles of urinalysis. It provides explanations of abnormal test results together with several procedures that can be used as alternative or confirmatory tests.
Exploration of Alternate Future Environments (1974)

Foster Armstrong, Exploration of Alternate Future Environments, Journal of Architectural Education (1947-1974), Vol. 28, No. 1/2, Part 2. 1974 AIA/ACSA Teacher's Seminar Pedagogical Catalog (1974), pp. 1-2
An engineer’s view of economics: Wilhelm Launhardt’s contributions (2000)

Wilhelm Launhardt (1832‐1918) is a founder of mathematical economics. His main work, Mathematical Foundations of Economics, published in 1885, was translated into English in 1993. As an engineer, he contributed to the field of not only engineering, but also of economics and, in particular, to those parts in economics which can be treated fruitfully with mathematics. Launhardt developed his work independently from the French engineers, but based it squarely on the work of the agricultural engineer von Thünen. He made references to the economists Sax, Walras and Jevons. His main economic contribution lies in founding location theory but, beyond that, he contributed to the mathematical treatment of economics, labor economics, monetary economics and technology economics with a special emphasis on railway issues from a locational point of view. Hence, it is the purpose of this paper to show how Launhardt used mathematics in his engineering‐based approach to the economics of location and technology.
ZeNA: Zero-Aware Neural Network Accelerator (2017)

It has been observed that the majority of the kernel weights and input activations in the state-of-the-art convolution neural networks (CNNs) have zero values. This article proposes a CNN hardware accelerator that exploits this property to achieve significant performance and energy improvements.
A Feasible Approach of Integrating Phosphate Recovery as Struvite at Waste Water Treatment Plants (2007)

By the end of this century phosphate deposits with low concentrations of hazardous substances, first of all cadmium and uranium, will be totally exploited. As phosphates cannot be substituted for plant nutrition by other substances, usage of secondary phosphate materials is becoming more and more important. At the Institute of Environmental Engineering of RWTH Aachen University several approaches for phosphate recovery have been investigated and developed. The PRISA process (Phosphorus Recovery by ISA) can be integrated into the sludge treatment of a municipal waste water treatment plant (wwtp). Related to the phosphorus inflow load to the wwtp, the process enables a recovery up to 40%. The recovered phosphate can be used either in agriculture or can be sold to the phosphate industry. The process can provide a sustainable sludge management in the future.
Deep neural network based speech separation for robust speech recognition (2014)

In this paper, a novel deep neural network (DNN) architecture is proposed to generate the speech features of both the target speaker and interferer for speech separation without using any prior information about the interfering speaker. DNN is adopted here to directly model the highly nonlinear relationship between speech features of the mixed signals and the two competing speakers. Experimental results on a monaural speech separation and recognition challenge task show that the proposed DNN framework enhances the separation performance in terms of different objective measures under the semi-supervised mode where the training data of the target speaker is provided while the unseen interferer in the separation stage is predicted by using multiple interfering speakers mixed with the target speaker in the training stage. Furthermore, as a preprocessing step in the testing stage for robust speech recognition, our speech separation approach can achieve significant improvements of the recognition accuracy over the baseline system with no source separation.
KA…HOO CONSTRUCTIONS IN TAIWAN SOUTHERN MIN * (2009)

Taiwan Southern Min ka and hoo have been broadly investigated in the literature (e.g., Cheng et al. 1999, Lien 2002, Tsao 2005). However, very little of the previous research has focused on the interaction between these two functional words. This paper thus explores structures with a ka…hoo configuration. Through the examination of corpus data, this paper finds that ka…hoo constructions are mainly separated into two constructions: ditransitive and resultative constructions. Based on the constructional approach, the ditransitive construction is found to include four construction patterns which can help differentiate verb types. In addition, the event structure account of the resultative ka…hoo construction is explored. It is posited that the event telicity may change when the causative word hoo overtly occurs. The distinction between a ditransitive and a resultative ka…hoo construction significantly reduces the confusion in data where the ka…hoo configuration is found.
A study of allelic imbalance in human breast cancer (1993)

The analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumours can be used to map candidate sites of tumour-suppressor genes in the human genome. A panel of breast cancer patients was assembled as pairs of tumour and lymphocyte DNA samples and LOH studies carried out by Southern hybridization with polymorphic loci mapping to chromosomes 1 and X. Loci on other chromosomes were also studied as controls. Sequences on chromosome 1 were found to be subject to a variety of alterations creating very complex patterns of rearrangements, including LOH. Deletion mapping identified five independent regions of loss, three of which may correspond to regions identified in previous reports, although individually none occurred with high frequency to support the targeting of a specific locus. The short arm of chromosome 1 primarily underwent interstitial deletions whereas the long arm was subject to both whole arm events (gains and losses) and more localized events. Small deletions on chromosome 1 were found exclusively in patients with poorly-differentiated tumours (i.e. tumours of high grade, p<0.05). A similar study of the X chromosome revealed a high frequency of small regionalized deletions, primarily defining three small independent regions, one located in the distal portion of the pseudoautosomal region of Xp, another spanning the pseudoautosomal boundary into the sex-specific sequences of Xp and a possible third on distal Xq. No gains in copy number were identified at any locus on the X chromosome, in distinct contrast to chromosome 1. Small-scale deletions occurring on the X chromosome were found in patients with no spread of cancer to the lymph nodes, thus correlating with a favourable prognosis (p<0.005). Fluorescence in situ hybridization to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour sections defined the actual copy number of chromosome 1 for nine tumours. The results obtained confirmed the changes established by Southern hybridization.
The Feasibility of an Index-Contingent Trading Mechanism (1997)

“Auction” or “call” trading systems are used in many stock exchanges. An essential problem in the application of these systems is that orders in one security cannot be conditioned on prices of other securities. This paper proposes and analyzes the feasibility of an index-contingent trading system. In this system, limit orders may be conditioned on an index (any weighted average of the security prices that is determined simultaneously with the prices) in addition to the asset price. Without any assumptions about traders' behavior it is shown that under a reasonable restriction on the structure of the limit orders, there is a unique solution (vector of prices) to any set of orders in all securities. Moreover, the paper presents a quick and simple algorithm that converges to the solution. This algorithm is based on an extension of the current mechanisms; therefore it can be implemented easily in any computerized auction system.
Opioid treatment for radiating cancer pain: oral administration vs. epidural techniques (1988)

In order to determine the optimal pain treatment for patients with cancer involvement of the brachial or lumbar nerve plexuses, a prospective comparative study was carried out using peroral opioid therapy (SO), epidural opioid by a conventional tunnelled epidural catheter (CE) or an epidural catheter connected to an implanted injection port (Port). Pain relief, measured by a visual analog scale (VAS), was similar and adequate in every group already after the first 24 h. CNS side-effects were less frequent and the Karnofsky performance grades slightly superior in the epidural groups. Occlusion and catheter disconnection complicated the pain therapy of five epidural port patients. Epidural dislocation occurred three times in the conventional epidural group. One local infection in the CE group and two in the Port group were recorded. However, no signs of epidural infection were seen at autopsy. The results suggest that due to a lower incidence of side-effects, epidural catheter techniques are superior to peroral opioid in treating pain in these patients. However, complete pain relief was not achieved in all patients, suggesting neurogenic, non-nociceptive pain components. Both epidural techniques seem suitable for long-term pain therapy. Technical improvements are needed in the epidural catheter and the port. The long-term epidural catheter does not seem to cause any major changes in the histology of the dura mater or the connective tissue of the epidural space.