gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complexities of<i>CYP2D6</i>gene analysis and interpretation (2013)

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) plays an important role in the metabolism and bioactivation of about 25% of clinically used drugs including many antidepressants, antipsychotics and opioids. CYP2D6 activity is highly variably ranging from no activity in so-called poor metabolizers to ultrarapid metabolism at the other end of the extreme of the activity distribution. A large portion of this variability can be explained by the highly polymorphic nature of the CYP2D6 gene locus for which > 100 variants and subvariants identified to date. Allele frequencies vary markedly between ethnic groups; some have exclusively or predominantly only been observed in certain populations. Pharmacogenetic testing holds the promise of individualizing drug therapy by identifying patients with CYP2D6 diplotypes that puts them at an increased risk of experiencing dose-related adverse events or therapeutic failure. Inferring a patient's CYP2D6 metabolic capacity, or phenotype, however, is a challenging task due to the complexity of the CYP2D6 gene locus. Allelic variation includes SNPs, small insertions and deletions, gene copy number variation and rearrangements with CYP2D7, a highly related non-functional gene. This review provides a summary of the intricacies of CYP2D6 variation and genotype analysis, knowledge that is invaluable for the translation of genotype into clinically useful information.
Optimizing polymerase chain reaction technology for clinical diagnosis (1991)

Journal Article Optimizing polymerase chain reaction technology for clinical diagnosis Get access S W Chou S W Chou Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 11, 1 November 1991, Pages 1893–1894, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.11.1893 Published: 01 November 1991
Circulators for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (1988)

The requirements for circulators for use in combination with microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits are reviewed, with special emphasis on modules for phased-array antennas. Recent advances in broadbanding and in miniaturization are summarized. Novel types of circulators that are fabricated by attaching a ferrite disc and a suitable coupling structure to the surface of a dielectric of semiconductor substrate (quasimonolithic integration) are described. Methods for achieving complete monolithic integration are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increasing the Capacity of Signalized Intersections with Dynamic Use of Exit Lanes for Left-Turn Traffic (2013)

Many congested intersections have a heavy traffic volume on movements for which capacity is insufficient because of geometric limitations. An unconventional approach that increases the capacity of heavily congested intersections is presented: this approach opens up exit lanes for left-turn traffic dynamically with the help of an additional traffic light installed at the median opening (the presignal); this situation is referred to as exit lanes for left-turn (EFL) control. An optimization problem for EFL control was formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program, in which the geometric layout, main signal timing, and presignal timing were integrated. The mixed-integer nonlinear program was solved by transformation into a series of mixed-integer linear programs. The latter problem can be solved with the standard branch-and-bound technique. The results of extensive numerical analysis and VISSIM simulation showed that the EFL approach could increase intersection capacity and reduce traffic delay substantially, especially under high left-turn demand. Moreover, the EFL control can be applied to one or multiple legs simultaneously; thus the control is particularly useful for intersections with an unbalanced left demand and a degree of saturation in travel directions.
Anima II (1977)

An animation software system has been developed at The Computer Graphics Research Group which allows a person with no computer background to develop an animation idea into a finished color video product which may be seen and recorded in real time. The animation may include complex polyhedra forming words, sentences, plants, animals and other creatures. The animation system, called Anima II, has as its three basic parts: a data generation routine used to make colored, three-dimensional objects, an animation language with a simple script-like syntax used to describe parallel motion and display transformations in a flexible, scheduled environment, the Myers algorithm used in the visible surface and raster scan calculations for the color display. This paper discusses the requirements, the problems, and the trade-offs of such a system. An overview of research in the area is given as well as the design and implementation highlights of the Anima II system.
Corrigendum: a new algorithm for composite hoisting and strength reduction optimisation (1989)

NCHSA performs strictly safe hoisting. This necessitates edge placement of 1-unit computations when node placement would be unsafe. In Figure 3, a 1-unit computation would be inserted in the synthetic edge block 5-2 because the candidate expression is not anticipated along all paths through node 5. A tacit assumption here is that a 1-unit definition occurs along all paths reaching the exit of node 5. This may not aways be true, viz. if the 1-unit definition of node 3 is not present. Another difficulty with this placement approach is with the occurrence of many different 1-unit definitions in a program, viz. i≔ i+l in node 3 and i≔ i + 5 in node 4. It is not possible to have a single 1-unit computation in synthetic block 5-2 to cover the effect of these 1-unit definitions. Due to these reasons it is desirable to consider placement of 1-unit computations strictly in those nodes which contain the 1-unit definitions, even if such placement is unsafe. (This is not inconsistent with the placement philosophy of other strength reduction algorithms, viz. [1].) The modified placement is implemented by eliminating the property OINSSYNTH, and introducing a new property OPPIN/OUT, Statements of Lemmas 3, 4, 5, 7 and the proof of Lemma 1 need to be modified to reflect the above change in placement.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 variant a sequence generated by recombination and breakage of the a sequence in defined regions, including the one involved in recombination (1993)

A herpes simplex virus type 1 clone, GN29, having exclusively the variant a sequence was isolated. This a sequence was composed of unique (U) and directly repeated (DR) elements DR1, Ub, (DR2)14, Ucd, Ubd, (DR2)5, DR4n2, and Uc and was assumed to be generated by recombination between sites in Ub and Uc. Unusual DNA fragments containing parts of the a sequence, present in the DNA preparations of GN29, were molecularly cloned. Almost all termini of the cloned unusual DNA fragments were situated in defined regions assumed to be recombinogenic: (i) a site in the inverted repeat of the L component, (ii) DR1, (iii) DR2, (iv) the DR4 stretch, and (v) the novel recombination stretch in the variant a sequence of GN29. The termini of unusual DNA fragments, possibly produced by strand breaks, can serve as free DNA ends to initiate recombination of the a sequence. These results support the model of double-strand-break repair for recombination of the a sequence. Sequence-specific enhancement of the recombination of the a sequence probably depends on the presence of recombinogenic elements apt to break, such as DR2 repeats and the DR4 stretch.
Adaptive Motion Vector Resolution Scheme for Enhanced Video Coding (2016)

In the state-of-the-art H.265/HEVC video coding standard, the motion vector is always fixed to be 1/4-pixel resolution for the entire video sequence regardless of the different video contents, which is not efficient for prediction coding. In this paper, we propose a frame level adaptive motion vector resolution selection scheme based on a rate-distortion model in terms of motion vector resolution. In the proposed rate-distortion model, the relationship between the distortion and the motion vector resolution is approximated with a linear model. And a rate model of motion vector is built, which reflects the relationship between the coding bits of motion vector and its value. With the proposed rate-distortion model, an optimal motion vector resolution minimizing the total rate-distortion cost will be selected for each frame. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 1.5%, 1.3% and 2.5% BD-rate gain on average for Random Access, Lowdelay-B and Lowdelay-P configurations without complexity increment.
Preconceptual design of the gas-phase decontamination demonstration cart (1993)

Removal of uranium deposits from the interior surfaces of gaseous diffusion equipment will be a major portion of the overall multibillion dollar effort to decontaminate and decommission the gaseous diffusion plants. Long-term low-temperature (LTLT) gas-phase decontamination is being developed at the K-25 Site as an in situ decontamination process that is expected to significantly lower the decontamination costs, reduce worker exposure to radioactive materials, and reduce safeguard concerns. This report documents the preconceptual design of the process equipment that is necessary to conduct a full-scale demonstration of the LTLT method in accordance with the process steps listed above. The process equipment and method proposed in this report are not intended to represent a full-scale production campaign design and operation, since the gas evacuation, gas charging, and off-gas handling systems that would be cost effective in a production campaign are not cost effective for a first-time demonstration. However, the design presented here is expected to be applicable to special decontamination projects beyond the demonstration, which could include the Deposit Recovery Program. The equipment will therefore be sized to a 200 ft size 1 converter (plus a substantial conservative design margin), which is the largest item of interest for gas phase decontamination in the Deposit Recovery Program. The decontamination equipment will allow recovery of the UF{sub 6}, which is generated from the reaction of ClF{sub 3} with the uranium deposits, by use of NaF traps.
Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled by Natural Gas Using Oxygen Enriched Air (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to outline the effects of oxygen enrichment on the performance of a spark ignited single cylinder Ricardo research engine fueled with natural gas.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Substituting gasoline with natural gas, under stoichiometric conditions, brings about a decrease in power output of a dedicated gasoline engine. This reduction in power is quantified in this paper for both fuels under stoichiometric conditions as well as for different fueling rates, for natural gas.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Subsequently, the effects of oxygen enrichment are reviewed in terms of: <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">volumetric efficiency,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">flame propagation velocity,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">coolant temperature, exhaust gas temperature,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">spark advance,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">brake mean effective pressure,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">brake horsepower.</div></li> </ul></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of oxygen enriched air results essentially in: <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">1</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">a significant increase in brake horsepower,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">2</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">improved lean limits and reduction of spark advance,</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">3</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">a lower brake thermal efficiency. However under all testing conditions, brake thermal efficiencies was higher on natural gas than on gasoline.</div></li> </ol></div>
Chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy of childhood and adolescence: problems of classification and genetic counselling. (1985)

Results obtained from a study of 354 cases of chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy of childhood and adolescence suggest that the condition is not as homogeneous as it was previously thought. A tentative classification based on our results is proposed. Estimates of genetic risks are provided, taking into account the sex and age at clinical onset. In our opinion these factors are more reliable than the data hitherto available because they are based on a considerably larger series.
Laboratory Evaluation of Flea Repellents1 (1972)

Journal Article Laboratory Evaluation of Flea Repellents Get access M. Bar-Zeev, M. Bar-Zeev Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Gothilf S. Gothilf 2Israel Institute for Biological Rcsearch and Tel-Aviv University Medical School, Ness-Ziona, Israel. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 9, Issue 3, 20 June 1972, Pages 215–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/9.3.215 Published: 20 June 1972
Efficiency of pomegranate peel extract as antimicrobial, antioxidant and protective agents. (2010)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find plant extract with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that could be potentially used as natural preservative in foods. Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) was evaluated their antimicrobial activity (by the agar diffusion method against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and antioxidant effect (by determine the oxidative stability of sunflower oil containing PPE). Also, to clarify the hepatoprotective effect of PPE on levels of serum lipid fractions, liver enzymes and kidney functions, hypercholesterolemic rat groups were fed on basal diet containing PPE (at levels 400 or 800 mg/kg rat body weight) and the remaining groups were positive and negative control. The results showed that PPE had high polyphenolic content (867 mg/g) and was effective against the growth of tested microorganisms and giving inhibition zones ranged from 9.6 to 25.7 mm. The antioxidant activity of PPE at levels 400 and 800 ppm were 41.5 and 63.4%, respectively while BHT at level 200 ppm was 43.9%. The biological study exhibited that feeding hypercholesterolemic rats on basal diet containing PPE at different levels obviously reduced (P&lt;0.05) the levels of TC, TG and TL in rats serum by rates from 41.1-52.1 % as compared to (C-) group (28.6-30.2%). Also, results indicated that the lowest levels of ALT, AST, ALP, uric acid, urea and creatinine were found in hypercholesterolemic rat group fed on basal diet containing PPE at level 800 mg/kg between tested rat groups. It could be concluded that, PPE exhibited strong
A Novel Method of Fitting Scleral Lenses Using High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (2008)

High resolution biometry proved to be a highly useful fitting tool and seems to offer a more accurate and efficient alternative to fitting scleral-type lenses compared with the trial lens method.
How OCTEP promotes care of the elderly (1997)

The care of elderly people is often regarded as an unfashionable area of clinical work. It is seen by some as understaffed and overlooked in comparison with more ‘exciting’ services. The images of cups of tea and games of bingo have been slow to fade from the minds of the public. Occupational therapy students have been heard to mutter menacingly when given an elderly care placement.
Optimum Reservoir Operating Policies Including Salinity Considerations (1989)

An optimisation model based on iterative linear programming is used to determine pumping and transfer decisions for the southern component of the Adelaide Headworks system. The model considers both the pumping electricity costs and the cost of salinity supplied to consumers in determining the optimum operating policies. The model is compared with historical operation of the system for the period 1975 - 1986. The results indicate that the optimisation model offers the potential for improved water supply quality with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.5.
Computational model of reactive sputtering (1993)

The model of reactive sputtering is modified to contain only measurable integral characteristics such as total current, discharge power, target erosion rate and volt–ampere characteristics for sputtering in metallic and reactive modes. Calculation results for Zn/ZnO and Zr/ZrN are in good agreement with experimental data.
Graph Based Convolutional Neural Network (2016)

The benefit of localized features within the regular domain has given rise to the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in machine learning, with great proficiency in the image classification. The use of CNNs becomes problematic within the irregular spatial domain due to design and convolution of a kernel filter being non-trivial. One solution to this problem is to utilize graph signal processing techniques and the convolution theorem to perform convolutions on the graph of the irregular domain to obtain feature map responses to learnt filters. We propose graph convolution and pooling operators analogous to those in the regular domain. We also provide gradient calculations on the input data and spectral filters, which allow for the deep learning of an irregular spatial domain problem. Signal filters take the form of spectral multipliers, applying convolution in the graph spectral domain. Applying smooth multipliers results in localized convolutions in the spatial domain, with smoother multipliers providing sharper feature maps. Algebraic Multigrid is presented as a graph pooling method, reducing the resolution of the graph through agglomeration of nodes between layers of the network. Evaluation of performance on the MNIST digit classification problem in both the regular and irregular domain is presented, with comparison drawn to standard CNN. The proposed graph CNN provides a deep learning method for the irregular domains present in the machine learning community, obtaining 94.23% on the regular grid, and 94.96% on a spatially irregular subsampled MNIST.
Hypoglycaemia and antimalarial drugs: quinidine and release of insulin. (1986)

Life threatening hypoglycaemia has been closely associated with the use of quinine, but the effect of quinidine and the synthetic antimalarials on the homoeostasis of glucose has not been investigated. In volunteers given a fixed dose of 500 mg base and patients with malaria given a quinidine loading dose (15 mg base/kg) mean (SEM) plasma insulin concentrations rose from 6.1 (1.5) mU/l to 10.9 (4.4) mU/l (p less than 0.02) and 10.4 (2.0) mU/l to 18.5 (5.3) mU/l (p less than 0.04), respectively. Plasma glucose concentrations fell from 4.5 (1.1) mmol/l (81 (20) mg/100 ml) to 4.0 (0.3) mmol/l (72 (5) mg/100 ml) in volunteers (p less than 0.04) and from 5.7 (1.3) mmol/l (102 (23) mg/100 ml) to 4.8 (1.6) mmol/l (86 (29) mg/100 ml) in patients (p less than 0.05). One of two patients with cerebral malaria and acute renal failure became profoundly hypoglycaemic (plasma glucose concentration 1.4 mmol/l (25 mg/100 ml), plasma insulin concentration 3.1 mU/l). Hypoglycaemia may occur in any severely ill fasting patient given parenteral quinidine. The other antimalarials tested, chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, and halofantrine, did not stimulate the release of insulin, an important advantage that should be taken into account when treatment is chosen for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Real-Time Tunable Dynamic Range for Calibration-Free Biomolecular Measurements with a Temperature-Modulated Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor in an Unprocessed Actual Sample (2021)

The sensing technologies for monitoring molecular analytes in biological fluids with high frequency and in real time could enable a broad range of applications in personalized healthcare and clinical diagnosis. However, due to the limited dynamic range (less than 81-fold), real-time analysis of biomolecular concentration varying over multiple orders of magnitude is a severe challenge faced by this class of analytical platforms. For the first time, we describe here that temperature-modulated electrochemical aptamer-based sensors with a dynamically adjustable calibration-free detection window could enable continuous, real-time, and accurate response for the several-hundredfold target concentration changes in unprocessed actual samples. Specifically, we could regulate the electrode surface temperature of sensors to obtain the corresponding dynamic range because of the temperature-dependent affinity variations. This temperature modulation method relies on an alternate hot and cold electrode reported by our group, whose surface could actively be heated and cooled without the need for altering ambient temperature, thus likewise applying for the flowing system. We then performed dual-frequency calibration-free measurements at different interface temperatures, thus achieving an extended detection window from 25 to 2500 μM for procaine in undiluted urine, 1-500 μM for adenosine triphosphate, and 5-2000 μM for adenosine in undiluted serum. The resulting sensor architecture could drastically expand the real-time response range accessible to these continuous, reagent-less biosensors.
Improved Field Meter for Electrostatic Measurements (1965)

An instrument system for the measurement of electrostatic fields is described. The use of more than 40 dB of negative feedback in the amplifier results in a sensitivity stable to within 1%. Careful attention to grounding and to surface preparation in the transducer head results in a zero level stable to within 1 V/m in ideal conditions. The effect of atmospheric variations in limiting the usable sensitivity is demonstrated.
Quantification of pore structure and its effect on sonic velocity and permeability in carbonates (2009)

Carbonate rocks commonly contain a variety of pore types that can vary in size over several orders of magnitude. Traditional pore-type classifications describe these pore structures but are inadequate for correlations to the rock's physical properties. We introduce a digital image analysis (DIA) method that produces quantitative pore-space parameters, which can be linked to physical properties in carbonates, in particular sonic velocity and permeability. The DIA parameters, derived from thin sections, capture two-dimensional pore size (DomSize), roundness (), aspect ratio (AR), and pore network complexity (PoA). Comparing these DIA parameters to porosity, permeability, and P-wave velocity shows that, in addition to porosity, the combined effect of microporosity, the pore network complexity, and pore size of the macropores is most influential for the acoustic behavior. Combining these parameters with porosity improves the coefficient of determination (R2) velocity estimates from 0.542 to 0.840. The analysis shows that samples with large simple pores and a small amount of microporosity display higher acoustic velocity at a given porosity than samples with small, complicated pores. Estimates of permeability from porosity alone are very ineffective (R2 = 0.143) but can be improved when pore geometry information PoA (R2 = 0.415) and DomSize (R2 = 0.383) are incorporated. Furthermore, results from the correlation of DIA parameters to acoustic data reveal that (1) intergrain and/or intercrystalline and separate-vug porosity cannot always be separated using sonic logs, (2) P-wave velocity is not solely controlled by the percentage of spherical porosity, and (3) quantitative pore geometry characteristics can be estimated from acoustic data and used to improve permeability estimates.
Surgery for atrial fibrillation (1995)

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.