gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Preventability of Meningococcal Clone, Greater Aachen Region, Germany (2010)

Emergence of serogroup B meningococci of clonal complex sequence type (ST) 41/44 can cause high levels of disease, as exemplified by a recent epidemic in New Zealand. Multiplication of annual incidence rates (3.1 cases/100,000 population) of meningococcal disease in a defined German region, the city of Aachen and 3 neighboring countries (Greater Aachen) prompted us to investigate and determine the source and nature of this outbreak. Using molecular typing and geographic mapping, we analyzed 1,143 strains belonging to ST41/44 complex, isolated from persons with invasive meningococcal disease over 6 years (2001-2006) from 2 German federal states (total population 26 million) and the Netherlands. A spatially slowly moving clone with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis type 19, ST42, and antigenic profile B:P1.7-2,4:F1-5 was responsible for the outbreak. Bactericidal activity in serum samples from the New Zealand MeNZB vaccination campaign confirmed vaccine preventability. Because this globally distributed epidemic strain spreads slowly, vaccination efforts could possibly eliminate meningococcal disease in this area.
Pseudo-Linear Transformations (1937)

The biological and social context for wildlife management in the United States is transforming as the human population expands into and consumes wildlife habitat, and citizens ’ interests and concerns about wildlife become increasingly diverse. Although the context has changed considerably since state-based wildlife management emerged, the founding principles remain largely intact as applied to wildlife management today. Those principles reflect dependencies, both historical and resource-based, between state wildlife agencies (SWAs) and hunters. I use institutional theory to describe the state-based public wildlife management system that exists in the United States as the state wildlife management institution: the people, processes and rules, as well as the norms, values and behaviors, associated with state wildlife management. Situating state-based public wildlife management in institutional theory provided a framework for my inquiry. The primary focus of my research was to assess whether and how SWAs dependent on a single funding source (i.e., hunters) transform due to changes in their dominant funding paradigms. I first interviewed leaders from 24 SWAs (n = 24) to
A 5.6-GHz Class-DE Power Amplifier with Reduced Voltage Stress in 22-nm FDSOI CMOS (2019)

This paper presents a 5.6 GHz Class-DE power amplifier (PA) with reduced voltage stress compared to classical PA designs. CMOS PAs are susceptible to a number of breakdown phenomena such as drain oxide breakdown and hot-carrier injection (HCI) which can significantly reduce their lifespan. The Class-DE amplifier is a hard-switching device which minimizes voltage-current overlap across the channel which significantly reduces the risk of HCI effects. The PA does not use an RF choke which limits the peak drain voltage to V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> , limiting the risk of drain oxide breakdown. The driver circuit gives a duty cycle below 50% and ensures that each transistor is almost completely off before the other has turned on. The PA achieves 47.9% power-added efficiency, 22.2 dBm output power, and 28.2 dB gain with a single 2.2 V supply voltage. Transient simulations of the PA's drain currents and voltages confirm the low current-voltage overlap which shows that the PA has much less risk of HCI effects than classical PA designs.
Metabolism of Terephthalic Acid. I (1965)

Absorption of terephthalic acid through the digestive tract and its excretion in urine of rats were examined.Terephthalic acid suspension was administered orally in dose of a 200mg./kg. body weight. About 55% of administered terephthalic acid was excreted in urine and about 30% in feces within 24 hours after the administration.To eliminate a possible influence of absorption of terephthalic acid through the digestive tract, (200mg./kg. body weight was given by injection (i.p.) and most of terephthalic acid was recovered quantitatively in urine. This result indicates that the amount of terephthalic acid excreted in urine was influenced by its absorption through the digestive tract.When rats were fed with a diet added with 0.5% terephthalic acid (about 330mg./kg. body weight per day), 78-85% of added terephthalic acid was excreted in urine.A part of orally administered terephthalic acid was absorbed through the digestive tract and the rest excreted in feces. Almost all of injected terephthalic acid was excreted in urine within 24 hours after administration.
LABORATORY CATALYTIC REACTORS (1974)

Abstract A basic requirement in the analysis of catalytic reactors is a rate expression for the reaction concerned. In the design of any equipment the equations to be used contain certain basic physical-chemical coefficients whose values must be known. In the case of physical operations, these coefficients can usually be predicted from available correlations and the design of equipment is often carried out from first principles. But there is no method available by which the kinetic rate parameters of a chemical reaction can be predicted; thus experimental determination of these parameters is unavoidable.
Can effective basic life support be taught to untrained individuals during a cardiac arrest? (2008)

Untrained individuals showed an improvement in BLS skills when taught during a cardiac arrest.
PERFORMANCE OF PSEUDOMORPHIC ULTRAVIOLET LEDs GROWN ON BULK ALUMINUM NITRIDE SUBSTRATES (2011)

Low dislocation density pseudomorphic epitaxial layers of Al x Ga 1- x N have been grown on c -face AlN substrates prepared from high quality bulk crystals. As reported previously, pseudomorphic growth yields very low dislocation density layers with atomically smooth surfaces throughout the active region of a full LED device structure. An advantage of the low dislocation density is the ability to n -type dope the high aluminum content Al x Ga 1- x N (x ~ 70%) epitaxial layers required for UVLED devices to obtain sheet resistances less than 350 Ohm/square for 0.5 μm thick layers. Here, we report on the characterization of our pseudomorphic epitaxial AlGaN layers via cathodoluminescence (CL) and on-wafer and initial packaged level characterization of fully fabricated pseudomorphic ultraviolet LEDs (PUVLEDs) with an emission wavelength between 250 - 265 nm. An additional benefit of PUVLED devices is the ability to run these devices at high input powers and current densities. Further, the aforementioned low dislocation density of the epitaxial structure results in improved device performance over previously published data. Mean output powers of greater than 4 mW were obtained on-wafer prior to thinning and roughening while output powers as high as 45 mW were achieved for packaged devices.
Coxibes: où en sommes-nous? (2006)

Les inhibiteurs COX-2 sélectifs sont efficaces dans le traitement des douleurs nociceptives et entraînent peu de complications digestives. Dès les années 2000, des évènements cardiovasculaires (infarctus, AVC, insuffisance cardiaque) ont été rapportés chez les patients traités par ces molécules, qui rompent l’équilibre entre thromboxane et prostacycline. En outre, à l’instar des AINS classiques, les inhibiteurs COX-2 sélectifs peuvent aggraver la fonction rénale et accroître la rétention hydrosodée. Chez les patients aux comorbidités cardiovasculaires, le paracétamol et les opioïdes demeurent le traitement de choix des douleurs nociceptives faibles à modérées. Faute de pouvoir se passer d’AINS, il est préférable de privilégier les composés à courte durée d’action, aux doses minimales efficaces et pour une durée limitée.
Synthesis and properties of multiacrylic resins from epoxy resins (1993)

Abstract The action of methacrylic acid onto tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline, tetraglycidyl sulfone dianiline, triglycidyl triphenylmethane (TACTIX), and epoxy novolac resins was performed using different catalysts. In each case, a comparative study of these catalysts was investigated depending upon the polarity of the solvent and of the temperature. Chromium complexes are better in low polar solvents. The reactions were monitored by 1 H‐NMR, by epoxide titration, and by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and the reactivity of these resins could be compared. Finally, the study of these materials obtained after radical and photochemical cross‐linking, especially by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), shows that these materials exhibit high T g 's (200°C for methacrylated TACTIX) compared to those of the corresponding multiepoxides cured by diamines. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitation by Radioimmunoassay of Thrombospondin Synthesised and Secreted by Human Endothelial Cells (1984)

Synthesis and secretion of thrombospondin by cultured human endothelial cells was quantified using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Two endothelial lines were examined; those from umbilical veins and those from saphenous veins. The foetal line secreted approximately 17 micrograms/10(6) cells of the antigen at 24 hr, whereas the saphenous line secreted five times less in the same period. Intracellular values were similar in both lines. Thrombin and calcium ionophore A23187 were added to umbilical vein endothelial cultures. In contrast to platelets where both agents cause a rapid release reaction, no such thrombospondin release was observed in endothelial cells.
Syntheses of Seven‐Membered Rings: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloadditions (2005)

The Ru-catalyzed intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition of cyclopropylenynes is investigated with respect to the regio- and diastereoselectivity as well as the functional group compatibility of the reaction. Evidence for the mechanism as occurring through a ruthenacyclopentene intermediate is elucidated from 1) the study of the diastereoselectivity of the cycloaddition; 2) the effect of variation of substituents on the regioselectivity of cyclopropyl bond cleavage in 1,2-trans- and 1,2-cis-disubstituted cyclopropanes and 3) examples that clearly do not involve ruthenacyclohexene as intermediates as products still incorporate the cyclopropyl moiety. The scope and limitations of the Ru-catalyzed cycloaddition are discussed and compared with the Rh-catalyzed reaction. The potential power of this methodology towards natural product total synthesis is demonstrated by the formation of several polycyclic systems with the chosen reaction conditions and readily available cyclopropylenyne substrates.
Anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury (2013)

Stratification scores for identification of TBI patients with low, moderate, or high risk for spontaneous cerebral bleeding may help to allow early thromboprophylaxis while maintaining a good risk-benefit ratio. So far, these scores require validation by prospective trials. Therefore, current evidence requires control computed tomography scans prior to early pharmacological thromboprophylaxis.
MADM, a Novel Adaptor Protein That Mediates Phosphorylation of the 14-3-3 Binding Site of Myeloid Leukemia Factor 1 (2002)

A yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted to identify binding partners of Mlf1, an oncoprotein recently identified in a translocation with nucleophosmin that causes acute myeloid leukemia. Two proteins isolated in this screen were 14-3-3zeta and a novel adaptor, Madm. Mlf1 contains a classic RSXSXP sequence for 14-3-3 binding and is associated with 14-3-3zeta via this phosphorylated motif. Madm co-immunoprecipitated with Mlf1 and co-localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, Madm recruited a serine kinase, which phosphorylated both Madm and Mlf1 including the RSXSXP motif. In contrast to wild-type Mlf1, the oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin (NPM)-MLF1 did not bind 14-3-3zeta, had altered Madm binding, and localized exclusively in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of Madm in M1 myeloid cells suppressed cytokine-induced differentiation unlike Mlf1, which promotes maturation. Because the Mlf1 binding region of Madm and its own dimerization domain overlapped, the levels of Madm and Mlf1 may affect complex formation and regulate differentiation. In summary, this study has identified two partner proteins of Mlf1 that may influence its subcellular localization and biological function.
Electron Distribution in a Stable Carbene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Distribution in a Stable CarbeneAnthony J. Arduengo III, H. V. Rasika Dias, David A. Dixon, Richard L. Harlow, W. T. Klooster, and T. F. KoetzleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6812–6822Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1425Altmetric-Citations179LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Individually measured feed intake characteristics and growth performance of group-housed weanling pigs: effects of sex, initial body weight, and body weight distribution within groups. (2001)

Feed intake characteristics of 192, 27-d-old weanling pigs housed in groups and given ad libitum access to feed and water were measured individually with the use of computerized feeding stations. The groups were either homogeneous or heterogeneous as to BW distribution; pigs of three defined initial BW classes were used (mean BW of 6.7, 7.9, or 9.3 kg). The effects of BW distribution, BW class, and sex were studied with regard to average performance traits, latency time (interval between weaning and first feed intake), initial feed intake (intake during the first 24 h following first feed intake), and daily increase in feed intake during the interval between first feed intake and the day on which energy intake met or exceeded 1.5 times the maintenance requirement. Homogeneous and heterogeneous groups had similar latency times, initial feed intakes, and daily increases in feed intake. For the period 0 to 34 d after weaning, ADFI and ADG were also similar for homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, but gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in the homogeneous groups. Gilts had higher (P < 0.05) initial feed intakes than barrows and also had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG during the period 0 to 13 d after weaning. Pigs with average BW of 6.7 kg had higher (P < 0.05) initial feed intakes than their counterparts with average BW of 7.9 kg and 9.3 kg, but the daily increase in feed intake was similar for the three groups. The lighter pigs had more daily visits and a lower feed intake per visit and tended to have a shorter postweaning latency to the onset of feeding than the heavier pigs. This study indicates that the high variability in early feeding behavior among group-housed weanling pigs may be related to BW and sex.
Large-angle ionization chambers for brachytherapy air-kerma-strength measurements (2006)

There has been a significant increase in the use of low-energy photon-emitting radionuclides in the past decade to treat cancer with a special form of radiation therapy called brachytherapy. For treating prostate cancer, brachytherapy sources are approximately the size of a grain of rice and are normally radioactive I-125 or Pd-103 sources encapsulated in titanium or plastic. Although these sources have proven effective in the treatment of cancer, the clinical dosimetry is difficult due to the unique varieties available and their typically low activities.
International and Foreign Legal Research (2012)

A special course adoption price is available for an order of six or more copies from a university bookstore. Contact sales-us@brill.com>sales-us@brill.com or sales-nl@brill.com. International and Foreign Legal Research: A Coursebook, by Marci Hoffman and Mary Rumsey, now in a second, revised edition, is designed for classes in foreign and international legal research. Following a general section on basic concepts, topics covered in the book range from treaty research to chapters on particular subjects of international law. Coverage also includes chapters on researching foreign and comparative law as well as major international organizations, including the UN and the EU. International and Foreign Legal Research offers a possible roadmap for structuring a class in international and foreign legal research while also serving as a tool for quick look-ups when a researcher requires direction on a topic or information on a source. Developed for use in legal research courses, International and Foreign Legal Research is an invaluable resource for librarians, students, law professors, and other researchers in the research of foreign and international law.
Zur Kinetik der radikalischen Polymerisation von Dimethyl‐dially‐lammoniumchlorid. I. Bruttokinetik bei niedrigen Umsätzen und Versuche zu ihrer Deutung (1981)

Abstract Die Untersuchungen zur Bruttokinetik der radikalischen Polymerisation von Dimethyl‐diallyl‐ammoniumchlorid in wäßriger Lösung ergaben für Umsätze < 10%[ M ]>1,5 mol·1 −1 und t = 35°C einen Initiatorexponenten a = 0,8 und einen Monomerexponeten b = 2,9. Für die relative Übertragungskonstante zum Monomer wurde der Wert 2,5·10 −3 ermittelt. Beim Zusatz von NaCl erhöht sich die Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit, während b sinkt. Als Ursachen für den hohen Monomerexponenten werden die funktionellen Abhängigkeiten der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten des Kettenwachstums und der Startgeschwindigkeit von der Monomerkonzentration diskutiert. Elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen scheinen die Polymerisation wesentlich zu beeinflussen.
OA04-02. Strong HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte proliferation in HIV-1 DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) heterologous boost vaccinees (2009)

Methods Healthy volunteers were immunized intradermally or intramuscularly (with or without adjuvant GM-CSF protein) with DNA expressing HIV-1 gag, env, rev and rt at months 0, 1 and 3 using a Biojector and were boosted at nine months with an MVA expressing heterologous inserts of HIV-1 gag, env and pol genes. Lymphoproliferative responses to AT-2 inactivated HIV-1 antigen were tested by a 3H-thymidine uptake assay and a flow-cytometric assay of specific cell-mediated immune-response in activated whole blood (FASCIA-WB) two weeks after HIV-1 MVA boost (n = 38). A FASCIA using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (FASCIA-PBMC) was also employed during the later part of the study (n = 14).
Sensitivity of murine multipotential stem cell colony (CFU-GEMM) growth to interleukin-3, erythropoietin, and hemin. (1987)

The in vitro growth of murine marrow-derived CFU-GEMM in response to partially purified preparations of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin was assessed in the presence of hemin. Although CFU-GEMM exhibited a near-absolute requirement for interleukin-3, some colony growth was observed in the absence of exogenous erythropoietin. Erythropoietin was nevertheless capable of further stimulating CFU-GEMM growth in the presence of optimal concentrations of interleukin-3 and hemin. Optimal concentrations of all three factors allowed at least a 60% reduction in the serum concentration without an effect on colony numbers or their detection efficiency. Furthermore, nearly half the colonies continued to grow without the addition of serum, suggesting that hemin supplementation, along with interleukin-3 and erythropoietin, may provide the basis for a relatively simple serum-free culture system for murine CFU-GEMM.
Advanced optical correlation and digital methods for pattern matching—50th anniversary of Vander Lugt matched filter (2012)

On the verge of the 50th anniversary of Vander Lugt's formulation for pattern matching based on matched filtering and optical correlation, we acknowledge the very intense research activity developed in the field of correlation-based pattern recognition during this period of time. The paper reviews some domains that appeared as emerging fields in the last years of the 20th century and have been developed later on in the 21st century. Such is the case of three-dimensional (3D) object recognition, biometric pattern matching, optical security and hybrid optical–digital processors. 3D object recognition is a challenging case of multidimensional image recognition because of its implications in the recognition of real-world objects independent of their perspective. Biometric recognition is essentially pattern recognition for which the personal identification is based on the authentication of a specific physiological characteristic possessed by the subject (e.g. fingerprint, face, iris, retina, and multifactor combinations). Biometric recognition often appears combined with encryption–decryption processes to secure information. The optical implementations of correlation-based pattern recognition processes still rely on the 4f-correlator, the joint transform correlator, or some of their variants. But the many applications developed in the field have been pushing the systems for a continuous improvement of their architectures and algorithms, thus leading towards merged optical–digital solutions.
Towards a flexible application framework for data fusion using real-time design patterns (1998)

Resistance to entering the UK government's modern slavery victim identification mechanism is widespread and part of normal practices of state evasion that shape the lives of large numbers of insufficiently documented people.This article provides evidence of the role practitioners play in producing referrals into that mechanism in spite of such resistance and in spite of the harms caused by the identification mechanism itself, which is integrated into the immigration system.Though referrals are driven by practitioners, those entering the mechanism are said to be 'abusing' the system.This dynamic is considered in relation to a common trend of the liberal state, in which state practices are externalized onto others, while it claims to itself be the victim of violence.
An Investigation of Engine Start-Stop NVH in A Power Split Powertrain Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The auto industry is responding to the environmental and energy conservation concerns by gradually producing mass-production of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) as well as conducting development of fuel cell vehicles. One of many challenges of putting a customer-satisfactory HEV on the road is to develop “imperceptible” engine start-stops. This paper presents an investigation of engine start-stop NVH in a power split powertrain HEV. This investigation includes analyzing the root cause of engine start-stop NVH issues, developing the methodology and metric to gauge NVH improvement, and developing measures to resolve the NVH issues. The effectiveness of some proposed counter measures are presented and discussed through vehicle testing results. Finally, the overall NVH improvement of engine start-stop with implementation of practical counter measures is also presented.</div>