gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrrolo[3,2‐<i>h</i>]quinazolines as Photochemotherapeutic Agents (2011)

Heteroanalogues of angelicin, pyrrolo[3,2-h]quinazolines, were synthesized with the aim of obtaining new potent photochemotherapeutic agents. Many derivatives caused a significant decrease in cell proliferation in several human tumor cell lines after irradiation with UVA light (GI(50) =15.2-0.2 μM). Their phototoxicity effected apoptosis in Jurkat cells with the involvement of mitochondria (as determined by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species) and lysosomes. The phototoxicity of these compounds could be explained by lipid peroxidation.
Traveling-wave microwave switch using III-N gateless devices with capacitively-coupled contacts (2009)

Radio-frequency (RF) switches using Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) have low loss, high switching speed. The fabrication process allows for monolithic integration with such as power amplifiers, phase shifters, arrays, and other components. Recent advancements in III-nitride heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFET) have led to RF switches with remarkably low-loss and high power handling capability, ideal for numerous applications [1, 2]. However, relatively large OFF-state capacitance of HFETs limits their application to frequencies below 4–6 GHz. In the past, traveling-wave (TW) RF switches using GaAs-based HFETs have been reported with operating frequencies up to 40–80 GHz [3]. The achieved insertion loss and isolation were below 3 dB and above 24 dB, correspondingly. The problem with GaAs-based TW switches is that for broadband performance, the switch should contain significant number (at least 10) of unit cells, each comprising multi-finger FETs. To make this technology feasible, either relatively small number of cell is used, or the unit cell periphery is decreased, or the source — drain distance is increased. All these measures deteriorate the performance. In addition, GaAs-based RF switches have relatively low power handling capability, high insertion loss and low maximum operating temperatures limited by fundamental material properties.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINE IN CHILDREN WITH NEPHROSIS: EFFECT OF CORTISONE (1959)

Polyvalent influenza-virus vaccine was administered to 55 children; 44 of these children were in various stages of nephrotic syndrome, including 17 under treatment with adrenocortical hormones; 5 were children with the adrenogenital syndrome receiving replacement cortisone therapy, and 6 were normal controls. Antibody response, as measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition test 2 weeks following a single subcutaneous dose of vaccine, was not significantly different in children with active or inactive disease, and appeared to be similar in those receiving hormone therapy and in those who were not. The serum levels of gamma-globulin were lower in children with active nephrotic syndrome, but this did not affect either the prevaccination levels of influenza A prime antibody or the response to the vaccine. No change in the status of activity of nephrosis occurred during the period of immunization or immediately thereafter, even in patients who had moderate febrile reactions to the vaccine. The failure of any of the groups to respond serologically to the Asian strain component of the vaccine is discussed.
New analysis for consistency among markers in the study of genetic diversity: development and application to the description of bacterial diversity (2007)

Multiple DPCoA allows the evaluation of the impact of various loci in the measurement and description of diversity. This method is general enough to handle a large variety of data sets. It complements existing methods such as the analysis of molecular variance or other analyses based on linkage disequilibrium measures, and is very useful to study the impact of various loci on the measurement of diversity.
Trade-Offs in a Google Distance and a WordNet Hybrid for QoS-Enabled Web Services Composition (2012)

This paper proposes a hybrid approach in using Google Distance and WordNet together in a new method for the semantic similarity matching stage of web services discovery. We provide comparisons, using services recall and precision metrics, between our hybrid approach and our earlier lightweight Google Distance-based approach for web services discovery. Our performance evaluation demonstrates the trade-offs between the Google Distance only approach and a WordNet-assisted Google Distance hybrid approach for similarity matching in the web services discovery phase. Further, the impact of both approaches on QoS-enabled web service composition is described for 7 representative web transactions in the Travel domain.
Increased Acetylcholine-Induced Vasodilation in Pregnant Rats (1999)

We have tested the hypothesis that increased gap junctional communication contributes to the augmented endothelium-dependent vasodilation in pregnancy. Contractile force and connexin43 expression were measured in aortic rings from nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Norepinephrine-constricted aortas from pregnant rats were more sensitive to acetylcholine, but not to sodium nitroprusside, compared with those from nonpregnant rats. Vessels from pregnant rats, constricted either with 45 mmol/L KCl or with norepinephrine + 10(-4) mol/L N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, also exhibited greater relaxation to acetylcholine. Heptanol, an uncoupler of gap junctional communication, inhibited acetylcholine responses in norepinephrine-constricted aortas from nonpregnant rats but greatly impaired acetylcholine relaxation in aortas from pregnant rats. Heptanol also inhibited in both groups acetylcholine responses in vessels constricted with KCl, only minimally affected acetylcholine relaxation in arteries constricted with norepinephrine + L-NMMA, and did not change sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation. Tetraethylammonium chloride induced greater contractions in control aortas compared with aortas from pregnant rats. Increased connexin43 mRNA levels were found in the uterus and in the mesenteric, uterine, and thoracic aortic arteries, but not in the heart and brain, from pregnant rats. These results suggest that increased gap junctional communication, possibly due to increased gap junction protein expression, may facilitate the effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, contributing to the augmented endothelium-dependent relaxation in arteries from pregnant rats.
Spectroscopic studies of carbon impurities in PISCES-A (1990)

The graphite used for the limiter of the tokamak reactor produces carbon-containing molecular impurities as a result of the interactions with the edge plasma. The behavior of these molecular impurities has been studied using emission spectroscopy. The present work includes: (1) finding molecular bands and atomic lines in the visible spectral range, (2) studying the breakup processes of the molecular impurities on their way from the source into the plasma, and (3) developing a spectroscopic diagnostic method for the absolute measurement of the carbon influx resulting from graphite erosion. For these, carbon-containing molecules such as CH4, C2H2, C2H4, CO, and CO2 were injected into the tokamak-boundary-like plasma generated by PISCES-A. Spectrograms of these gases were taken. Many useful bands and lines were determined from the spectrograms. The breakup processes of these gases were studied by observing the spatial profiles of the emission of the molecules and their radicals for different plasma conditions. For the absolute measurement of the eroded molecular impurity flux, the photon efficiency of the lines and bands were found by measuring the absolute number of the emitted photons and injected gas molecules. The chemical sputtering yield of graphite by hydrogen plasma was spectroscopically measured using the previously obtained photon efficiencies. It showed good agreement with results obtained by weight loss measurements.
Studies on Sulfate Esters. I. Nucleophilic Reactions of Amines with p-Nitrophenyl Sulfate (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Sulfate Esters. I. Nucleophilic Reactions of Amines with p-Nitrophenyl SulfateStephen J. Benkovic and Patricia A. BenkovicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 23, 5504–5511Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00975a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00975a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views699Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathogenicity and Transmission of Thai HPAI-H5N1 in Japanese Quails (2013)

Pathogenicity and transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 viruses (HPAI-H5N1) depend on the strains and infection doses of the viruses. In this study, experimental infection was performed to determine pathogenicity and transmission of the Thai HPAI-H5N1 in Japanese quails. One hundred and seven quails were divided into 4 groups, experimental groups 1-3 (n = 32 per group) and negative control group (n = 11). At the age of 9 weeks, 16 quails each from groups 1-3 were inoculated with 107, 105 and 103 EID50 of Thai HPAI-H5N1, A/chicken/Thailand/CUK2/04(CU-K2) virus. Twenty-four hours later, 16 quails were added as contact quails to each group. Group 4 served as negative control. The quails were observed for clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were evaluated to confirm viral infection. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected and analyzed for virus shedding. Results showed that Thai HPAI-H5N1 (CU-K2) was highly pathogenic for quails similar to other HPAI-H5N1 strains but different in histopathology and tissue tropism. A negative correlation was observed between inoculated doses and mean death time, while a positive correlation was observed between inoculated doses and virus shedding. In addition, the virus can be detected earlier and at a higher titer in oropharyngeal swab than in cloacal swab. This result suggests that oropharyngeal virus excretion exceeds cloacal excretion in quails. Thus, oropharyngeal sampling is superior to cloacal sampling for HPAI-H5N1 surveillance in quails.
Advances in Cytokinesis Research. Genetic Approaches to Dissect the Mechanisms of Two Distinct Pathways of Cell Cycle-coupled Cytokinesis in Dictyostelium. (2001)

Dictyostelium discoideum is a unique experimental organism which allows genetic analysis of the mechanism of cytokinesis of the animal type, and a number of mutations which affect cytokinesis in one way or other have been identified. Myosin II filaments accumulate in the equatorial region, and myosin II-null cells cannot divide in suspension, indicating that active, myosin II-dependent constriction of the cleavage furrow contributes to bisection of the cell. We refer to this method of cytokinesis as cytokinesis A. On substrates, however, myosin II-null cells divide efficiently in a cell cycle-coupled manner. This adhesion-dependent but myosin II-independent division method, which we termed cytokinesis B, is carried out by a pathway that is genetically distinct from that of cytokinesis A. Morphological analyses suggested that cytokinesis B is driven by radial traction forces generated along polar peripheries, which indirectly cause furrow ingression. Identification of two redundant pathways have allowed us to search genes involved in either pathway by mutagenizing cells which are already defective in one of the pathways. This approach enabled us to identify a number of novel cytokinesis-related genes, as well as to reclassify known genes as cytokinesis-related.
Lung motion correction on respiratory gated 3-D PET/CT images (2006)

Motion is a source of degradation in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) images. As the PET images represent the sum of information over the whole respiratory cycle, attenuation correction with the help of CT images may lead to false staging or quantification of the radioactive uptake especially in the case of small tumors. We present an approach avoiding these difficulties by respiratory-gating the PET data and correcting it for motion with optical flow algorithms. The resulting dataset contains all the PET information and minimal motion and, thus, allows more accurate attenuation correction and quantification.
Applied Quantum Chemistry to Design Antibiotics (2007)

The comparison of the PBPs and β‐lactamases serine active sites clearly displays their common geometric similarities which could be involved in the acylation mechanism. Nevertheless, recent apo and acylated X‐ray structures on one hand and ab initio reaction path models on the other point out the incidence of conformational adaptability of both partners during the process of the reaction. These features can be a guide to design antibiotics and new ligands of serine peptidases.
Normal and mutant <i>HTT</i> interact to affect clinical severity and progression in Huntington disease (2009)

Increasing CAG repeat size in normal HTT diminishes the association between mutant CAG repeat size and disease severity and progression in Huntington disease. The underlying mechanism may involve interaction of the polyglutamine domains of normal and mutant huntingtin (fragments) and needs further elucidation. These findings may have predictive value and are essential for the design and interpretation of future therapeutic trials.
Halofuginone- and Chitosan-Coated Amnion Membranes Demonstrate Improved Abdominal Adhesion Prevention (2010)

Our objective was to determine whether coating the amniotic membrane with halofuginone, a type 1 collagen synthase inhibitor, with or without the hemostasis-inducing substance chitosan, reduced the number and severity of adhesions in the rat uterine horn injury model. Sixty retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats underwent midline laparotomy and a zone of ischemia was created in the left uterine horn of each animal. Rats were randomized to one of six treatment groups: (1) untreated control, (2) oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed®) (ORC), (3) plain amnion, (4) amnion coated on both sides with 0.5% solution of halofuginone (HAH), (5) amnion coated on one side with 0.5% halofuginone and on the other side with chitosan (CAH), or (6) amnion coated on both sides with chitosan (CAC). The zone of ischemia in each left uterine horn was wrapped in each treatment. Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks after laparotomy, and adhesions were counted and scored for severity. Data were analyzed using Chi square and a p < 0.05 was considered significant. Our results showed that there were no differences in the percentage of animals with adhesions in the untreated, ORC, plain amnion, or CAC groups. No adhesions formed in any animal in the HAH group and only 14% of the animals developed adhesions to the uterine horn in the CAH group (p < 0.05). The percentage of animals with moderate and severe adhesions did not differ between untreated controls and the ORC groups, but were significantly reduced in all four of the amnion groups: plain amnion, HAH, CAH, and CAC (p < 0.05). Amnion coated with halofuginone alone or in combination with chitosan reduced the percentage of animals with adhesions, as well as the percentage of animals with moderate and severe adhesions compared to untreated controls and the ORC group in the rat uterine horn injury model. Amnion alone or coated with chitosan reduced the percentage of rats with moderate and severe adhesions, but not the percentage of rats with adhesions of any type compared to both untreated controls and the ORC group in the rat uterine horn injury model.
<title>Delay-time effects between exposure and post-exposure bake in acetal-based deep-UV photoresists</title> (1993)

This paper presents some methods for the investigation of delay time I<SUB>3</SUB> induced effects typical of an advanced acetal-based photoresist, and strategies to improve the latent image stability. Dissolution rate monitoring was used to investigate the increasing formation of a surface inhibition layer with extended intervals I<SUB>3</SUB>. The impact of certain additives, the application of a protective coating (AZ<SUP>R</SUP> Aquatar), and modified process conditions on the inhibition layer were studied in detail. The photoacid induced acetal cleavage was monitored by UV-spectroscopy (248 nm). Upon KrF excimer laser irradiation the resist absorbance increases, due to the progressing formation of a strongly absorbing aldehyde fragment. SEM pictures confirm a linear relationship between the efficiency of the acetal cleavage and acid diffusion into unexposed resist areas. Acid evaporation during PEB was determined by a novel method, the so-called Sandwich `Blue' Test. Interpretations of the experimental results and some optimization strategies are given.
Role of maximum rate of depolarization in predicting action potential duration during ventricular fibrillation (2007)

During ventricular fibrillation (VF) only 39% of the variation in action potential duration (APD) is accounted for by the previous diastolic interval [DI((n-1))], i.e., restitution, and the previous APD [APD((n-1))], i.e., memory. We tested the hypothesis that a characteristic of the AP upstroke, the maximum rate of depolarization (V(max)), also helps account for its APD. A floating microelectrode was used to make transmembrane recordings at 16,000 samples/s from the anterior left ventricular wall during four 20-s episodes of VF in each of six pigs. V(max), time from V(max) to 60% repolarization (APD(60)), and DI were calculated throughout all episodes. Stepwise linear regression was used to determine how well each APD(60) (APD(60n)) was predicted by V(max) of that AP, the four previous DIs (n-1, n - 2, n - 3, n - 4), and the three previous APD(60)s (n-1, n - 2, n - 3). V(max) entered in the regression equation significantly more often (86% of VF episodes) than either APD((n-1)) (47% of episodes) or DI((n-1)) (58% of episodes). When these three variables entered first or second, their coefficients were almost always positive, consistent with a longer APD associated with 1) a larger V(max), 2) a longer APD((n-1)), and 3) a longer DI((n-1)). R(2) of the regression for all entered variables was 0.51 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SD). During the first 20 s of VF in swine, V(max) is a more important determinant of APD than the previous DI (restitution) or the previous APD (memory). All variables together account for only one-half of APD variation during VF.
A new physics-based model for TANOS memories program/erase (2008)

We present a new physics-based model able to reproduce the program/erase transients in TANOS memories, accurately describing the charge trapping/detrapping dynamics in the nitride layer. Modeling results are extensively validated against a large number of experimental data taken on samples with different gate stack compositions, considering a quite extended range of program/erase voltages and times. The good agreement between experimental and simulated results makes the developed model a useful tool for the assessment of the performance achievable by the TANOS technology.
Application of complementary variational principles to the Kirkwood equation for hard spheres at very high densities (1977)

The theory of complementary variational principles for a nonlinear integral equation with symmetric positive-definite kernel is applied to the Kirkwood equation (under the superposition approximation) for g(2)(x) for a system of hard spheres at very high densities. At all λ values beyond the lower bound on the limit of stability of the dense fluid regime, variational analysis of the approximate analytical g(2)(x) functions suggests infinite periodicity in g(2)(x). This behavior is in agreement with an earlier study of high density solutions to the Kirkwood equation for hard spheres, where the solutions were obtained by iterative techniques.
Potentiostatic Pulse Testing for Assessment of Early Coating Failure (2005)

Potentiostatic Pulse Testing (PPT) was investigated as a technique to assess the early stage of organic coating failure. Current transients collected from dummy cells and real coated samples were fitted to an exponential decay function to evaluate the values of equivalent circuit parameters. PPT only provided values for only some of the circuit elements, whereas Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed most values of the assumed circuit elements. However, it was difficult to know a priori whether to use a one- or two-time-constants model for EIS data obtained from the real coated panels. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to compare the data generated in the two different domains. The impedance spectra from the Fourier transforms was over only a part of the frequency range accessible by the EIS, but the spectra from the two methods exhibited reasonably good agreement.
Chiral Phosphine Ligands from Amino Acids. II. A Facile Synthesis of Phosphinoserines by Nucleophilic Phosphination Reactions - X-Ray Structure Analyses of Ar2P-CH2-CH(NHBOC)(COOMe) (Ar = Ph,m-xylyl) (2001)

Phosphino derivatives of serine R2P–CH2–CH(NHBOC)(COOMe) (2 a–2 d) have been obtained in high yield by nucleophilic phosphination of N-(tert.butoxycarbonyl)-3-iodo-L-alanine methylester with secondary phosphines R2PH (R = Ph, 2-tolyl, 3,5-xylyl, cyclohexyl) in DMF using potassium carbonate as the base. Deprotection of 2 b with HCl affords the amino acid ester hydrochloride [2-Tol2P–CH2–CH(NH3)(COOMe)]+Cl– (3 a). The X-ray structures of 2 a (space group P21/n) and 2 c (space group P 1) have been determined. The two enantiomers of 2 a or 2 c are interconnected by N–H…O hydrogen bridges forming dimers in the solid state. Chirale Phosphinliganden aus Aminosäuren. II. Eine einfache Synthese von Phosphinoserinen durch nucleophile Phosphinierungsreaktionen – Röntgenstrukturanalysen von Ar2P–CH2–CH(NHBOC)(COOMe) (Ar = Ph, m-Xylyl) Phosphinoderivate von Serin R2P–CH2–CH(NHBOC)(COOMe) (2 a–2 d) sind in hohen Ausbeuten durch nucleophile Phosphinierung von N-(tert.butoxycarbonyl)-3-iod-L-alaninmethylester mit sekundären Phosphinen R2PH (R = Ph, 2-Tolyl, 3,5-Xylyl, Cyclohexyl) in DMF unter Verwendung von Kaliumcarbonat als Base auf einfache Weise zugänglich. Die Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe BOC mit HCl in 2 b liefert das Aminosäureesterhydrochlorid [2-Tol2P–CH2–CH(NH3)(COOMe)]+Cl– (3 a). Die Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 2 a (Raumgruppe P21/n) und 2 c (Raumgruppe P 1) wurden durchgeführt. Im Festkörper sind die beiden Enantiomeren von 2 a bzw. 2 c durch N–H…O-Wasserstoffbrücken unter Bildung von Dimeren miteinander verknüpft.