gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of one-photon and two-photon wave packets in spontaneous parametric downconversion (2003)

One-photon and two-photon wave packets of entangled two-photon states in spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) fields are calculated and measured experimentally. For type II SPDC, measured one-photon and two-photon wave packets agree well with theory. For type I SPDC, the measured one-photon wave packet agrees with the theory. However, the two-photon wave packet is much bigger than the expected value, and the visibility of interference is low. We identify the sources of this discrepancy as the spatial filtering of the two-photon bandwidth and nonpair detection events caused by the detector apertures and the tuning-curve characteristics of the type I SPDC.
Proteomic Analysis of High-CO2-Inducible Extracellular Proteins in the Unicellular Green Alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2011)

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can acclimate to a wide range of CO(2) concentrations through the regulation of a CO(2)-concentrating mechanism (CCM). By proteomic analysis, here we identified the proteins which were specifically accumulated under high-CO(2) conditions in a cell wall-less strain of C. reinhardtii which release their extracellular matrix into the medium. When the CO(2) concentration was elevated from the ambient air level to 3% during culture, the algal growth rate increased 1.5-fold and the composition of extracellular proteins, but not intracellular soluble and insoluble proteins, clearly changed. Proteomic analysis data showed that the levels of 22 of 129 extracellular proteins increased for 1 and 3 d and such multiple high-CO(2)-inducible proteins include gametogenesis-related proteins and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. However, we could not prove the induction of gametogenesis under high-CO(2) conditions, suggesting that the inductive signal might be incomplete, not strong enough or that only high-CO(2) conditions might be not sufficient for the cell stage to proceed to the formation of sexually active gametes. However, these gametogenesis-related proteins and/or hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins may have novel roles outside the cell under high-CO(2) conditions.
Elektrolytische Abscheidung glänzender Rutheniumniederschläge aus Lösungen einfacher Rutheniumsalze Geschlossene Quellcn IX (1966)

Es werden Elektrolysebedingüngen für die quantitative katodische Abscheidung festhaftender, gleichmäßig glänzender Rutheniumniederschläge aus sehr verdünnten, maximal 10−3 m Lösungen einfacher Rutlieniunim(III)-Salze in 0,1 n Säuren beschrieben.
Parameter optimization and experiment verification for a beta radioluminescence nuclear battery (2014)

In a beta radioluminescence nuclear battery, the beta energy is converted to light with the phosphor mate- rial, and then to electricity via photovoltaic cells. A method to optimize the thickness of phosphor layer is established in this study; the match between the luminescence spectrum and the photovoltaic cell is analyzed. The optimal param- eters and output performance of the nuclear battery based on a sandwich-structure 147 Pm/ZnS:Cu/photovoltaic cell are determined with the MCNP, transport theory of light, and detailed balance limit of efficiency. The battery pro- totypes are fabricated and tested, and the experimental optimal thickness matches that of the theoretical result well.
Matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption/ionization mass spectrometric approaches for the identification of gel‐separated proteins in the 5–50 pmol range (1995)

The ability to identify and characterize low picomole quantities of gel-separated proteins has greatly benefited from recent advancements in mass spectrometric analysis methods, particularly peptide-mass search routines. We are investigating the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)) to gain as much mass information as possible from a single gel-separated protein species. This report details results obtained from one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separations, under nonreducing conditions, of known quantities of three proteins, followed by blotting to Immobilon-CD. Three methods were used to obtain MALDI-MS data from a single blotted protein band: (i) direct MALDI-MS of approximately 10% of the band, (ii) cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage of another approximately 10% of the band, and (iii) enzymatic (endoproteinase Lys-C) digestion of the remaining approximately 70-80% of the band followed by MALDI-MS. At the level of 50 pmol of protein loaded onto the gel, data was obtained from all three approaches. At levels down to 5 pmol of protein loaded onto the gel, MALDI-MS data was obtained from the latter two methods, CNBr and Lys-C digestions, but not direct MALDI-MS. Sufficient peptide masses were obtained from the 5 pmol loads to identify two of the three test proteins using four mass search programs. Only limited peptide mass data was obtained from fetuin, a sialylated glycoprotein with six disulfides and no methionines, but it was identified.
A Hierarchical Graph Neuron Scheme for Real-Time Pattern Recognition (2008)

The hierarchical graph neuron (HGN) implements a single cycle memorization and recall operation through a novel algorithmic design. The HGN is an improvement on the already published original graph neuron (GN) algorithm. In this improved approach, it recognizes incomplete/noisy patterns. It also resolves the crosstalk problem, which is identified in the previous publications, within closely matched patterns. To accomplish this, the HGN links multiple GN networks for filtering noise and crosstalk out of pattern data inputs. Intrinsically, the HGN is a lightweight in-network processing algorithm which does not require expensive floating point computations; hence, it is very suitable for real-time applications and tiny devices such as the wireless sensor networks. This paper describes that the HGN's pattern matching capability and the small response time remain insensitive to the increases in the number of stored patterns. Moreover, the HGN does not require definition of rules or setting of thresholds by the operator to achieve the desired results nor does it require heuristics entailing iterative operations for memorization and recall of patterns.
Measurements of Microstructural, Chemical, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Silicon-Oxygen-Nitrogen Films Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (2018)

In this study, silicon nitride (SiN<sub>x</sub>) thin films with different oxygen concentration (i.e., SiON film) were precisely deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition on Si (100) substrates. Thus, the effect of oxygen concentration on film properties is able to be comparatively studied and various valuable results are obtained. In detail, x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry are used to systematically characterize the microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of SiON film. The experimental results indicate that the surface roughness increases from 0.13 to 0.2 nm as the oxygen concentration decreases. The refractive index of the SiON film reveals an increase from 1.55 to 1.86 with decreasing oxygen concentration. Accordingly, the band-gap energy of these films determined by oxygen 1s-peak analysis decreases from 6.2 to 4.8 eV. Moreover, the I-V tests demonstrate that the film exhibits lower leakage current and better insulation for higher oxygen concentration in film. These results indicate that oxygen affects microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of the prepared SiN<sub>x</sub> film.
Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood (2019)

Humans live in a 24-hour environment, in which light and darkness follow a diurnal pattern. Our circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the hypothalamus, is entrained to the 24-hour solar day via a pathway from the retina and synchronises our internal biological rhythms. Rhythmic variations in ambient illumination impact behaviours such as rest during sleep and activity during wakefulness as well as their underlying biological processes. Rather recently, the availability of artificial light has substantially changed the light environment, especially during evening and night hours. This may increase the risk of developing circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD), which are often caused by a misalignment of endogenous circadian rhythms and external light-dark cycles. While the exact relationship between the availability of artificial light and CRSWD remains to be established, nocturnal light has been shown to alter circadian rhythms and sleep in humans. On the other hand, light can also be used as an effective and noninvasive therapeutic option with little to no side effects, to improve sleep,mood and general well-being. This article reviews our current state of knowledge regarding the effects of light on circadian rhythms, sleep, and mood.
Design verification of FPGA implementations (1999)

This approach uses the criterion of equivalent classes to establish the equivalence between two circuits and designs. Combining simulation and automatic test pattern generation, it exploits similarities among designs to assess logical equivalence quickly and reliably.
On the distribution of the weighted sum of L independent Rician and Nakagami envelopes in the presence of AWGN (2001)

An alternative, unified, semi-analytical approach for the evaluation of the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the weighted sum of L independent Rician (or Rayleigh as a special case) and m-Nakagami envelopes with or without the presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is presented. The cdf is evaluated directly in a nested mode via the Hermite numerical integration technique. The proposed formulation avoids the calculation of complex functions and can be efficiently applied to practical wireless applications when L ≤ 3, using arbitrary statistical characteristics for the modeling parameters. Moreover, it can be also used to control the accuracy of other techniques when L > 3. Comments, comparison with other existing techniques and useful curves for several practical wireless applications such as the calculation of the error bounds for coding on fading channels in mobile satellite applications and the Equal Gain Combining (EGC), are also presented. Finally, the relation between the distribution of the sum of m-Nakagami and Rice envelopes is investigated and discussed.
Intracavity Laser Raman Spectroscopy Using a Commercial Laser (1973)

The modification of a commercial laser for intracavity molecular scattering experiments is discussed. An improvement of almost 100 times in laser intensity is reported. Steps taken to eliminate an undesired secondary laser line produced by the laser because of the increase of laser intensity are presented.
Formulation of the traffic engineering problems in MPLS based IP networks (2002)

The growth of the Internet has fuelled the development of new technologies that enable IP backbone networks to be engineered efficiently. One such prominent technology, multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) enables IP networks with quality of service to be traffic engineered well. We mathematically formulate the traffic engineering problem's in MPLS based IP networks including constraint based routing, connection admission control, rerouting and capacity planning problems. Unfortunately, obtaining the optimal solution of the traffic engineering problems has undesirable computational complexity since they can be shown to be NP-complete. It is intended that this work will articulate the details and provide insights into the inherent structure of the problems as well as motivate the development of efficient solution techniques.
Assessing wave conditions in a Norwegian fjord (2017)

The focus of this thesis is to obtain an estimate of the significant wave height together with the corresponding peak period for the proposed bridge locations at Bjrnafjord.The task was conducted by modelling and calculations done in SWAN software.The methodology for transforming the NORA10 hindcast data into the design wave conditions for the 10 -2 and 10 -4 probability of exceedance was introduced for an offshore location.Furthermore a short description for the methods of transforming the metocean conditions to the fjord position were presented.
Behavior of storm-induced suspension interflow in subtropical Feitsui Reservoir, Taiwan (2006)

A storm-induced suspension interflow (a kind of turbidity current) in subtropical deep (113-m maximum depth) Feitsui Reservoir, Taiwan, was traced and simulated for both water quantity and quality control. To trace the path of the turbidity current, the spatial and temporal distributions of water temperature, turbidity, and concentration of total phosphorus were obtained weekly from seven sampling sites at 10-m intervals vertically. These were obtained to trace the path of the turbidity current. A hydrodynamic model simulation agreed closely with the observations. Thermal stratification of the water column was disrupted by storms. After plunging into the reservoir, the suspension interflow resulting from higher concentrations of the suspended solids and lower water temperature moved horizontally toward the dam at depths of 50–60 m. Adjusting the location of subsurface withdrawal accordingly reduced the intake of suspended solids and total phosphorus associated with the turbidity current. Some of the suspended solids in the lower layer might still affect the surface water quality through vertical mixing, especially when thermal stratification is disturbed.
Endless polarisation control using four fibre squeezers (1987)

Four fibre squeezers are shown to provide endless polarisation control such that one arbitrarily varying polarisation state can be transformed into another. Results of an experimental implementation are reported.
Enhanced expression of B7-1, B7-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in sinusoidal endothelial cells by warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver (2001)

To elucidate a role of costimulatory molecule and cell adhesion molecule in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined an alteration in B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) expression in the rat liver after warm ischemia/reperfusion injury. To induce hepatic warm ischemia in a rat model, both portal vein and hepatic artery entering the left-lateral and median lobes were occluded by clamping for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, and then reperfused for 24 hours. B7-1, B7-2, and ICAM-1 expressions in the liver were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Although B7-1 and B7-2 expressions were at very low levels in the liver tissues from normal or sham-operated control rats, both B7-1 and B7-2 expressions were enhanced at protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the affected, left lobes after warm ischemia/reperfusion. ICAM-1 protein and mRNA were constitutively expressed in the liver of normal and sham-operated control rats, and further up-regulated after warm ischemia/reperfusion. Localization of increased B7-1, B7-2, and ICAM-1 proteins, as well as von Willebrand factor as a marker protein for endothelial cells, was confined by immunofluorescence staining to sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic lobules. Data from quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that B7-1 and B7-2 mRNA levels were elevated in hepatic lobes after warm ischemia/reperfusion (5.13- and 52.9-fold increase, respectively), whereas ICAM-1 mRNA expression was rather constitutive but further enhanced by warm ischemia/reperfusion (4.24-fold increase). These results suggest that hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells play a pivotal role as antigen-presenting cells by expressing B7-1 and B7-2 in warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that B7-1 and/or B7-2 might be the primary target to prevent early rejection and inflammatory reactions after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation.
A Simple Microfluidic Chip Design for Fundamental Bioseparation (2014)

A microchip pressure-driven liquid chromatographic system with a packed column has been designed and fabricated by using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The liquid chromatographic column was packed with mesoporous silica beads of Ia3d space group. Separation of dyes and biopolymers was carried out to verify the performance of the chip. A mixture of dyes (fluorescein and rhodamine B) and a biopolymer mixture (10 kDa Dextran and 66 kDa BSA) were separated and the fluorescence technique was employed to detect the movement of the molecules. Fluorescein molecule was a nonretained species and rhodamine B was attached onto silica surface when dye mixture in deionized water was injected into the microchannel. The retention times for dextran molecule and BSA molecule in biopolymer separation experiment were 45 s and 120 s, respectively. Retention factor was estimated to be 3.3 for dextran and 10.4 for BSA. The selectivity was 3.2 and resolution was 10.7. Good separation of dyes and biopolymers was achieved and the chip design was verified.
Enthalpy of Antibody-Cytochrome c Binding (1995)

High-sensitivity titration calorimetry is used to measure changes in enthalpy, heat capacity, and protonation for binding of two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to topologically distinct surfaces of cytochrome c. MAb 2B5 binds near the exposed heme crevice in a reaction involving proton uptake, while there is no change in protonation for MAb 5F8 binding to the opposite side of the molecule. Both antibodies have association rate constants with the activation enthalpy and viscosity dependence expected of diffusion-limited reactions [Raman et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 10370-10379], and bind with high affinity (delta Gzerob = -12.6 kcal mol-1 for MAb 2B5 and -13.9 kcal mol-1 for MAb 5F8, at pH 7, 25 degrees C). At 25 degrees C, the equilibrium enthalpy and entropy contributions to the free energy of binding are negative for both antibodies (delta Hzerob = -21.0 kcal mol-1, delta Szerob = -28.2 cal mol-1 K-1 for MAb 2B5; and delta Hzerob = -21.7 kcal mol-1, delta Szerob = 26.3 cal mol-1 K-1 for MAb 5F8). The enthalpy of MAb 2B5-cytochrome c association exhibits a marked temperature dependence (delta Cp = -580 cal mol-1 K-1), but the enthalpy for MAb 5F8 binding is much less dependent on temperature (delta Cp = -172 cal mol-1 K-1). The large differences in delta Cp for binding of the two antibodies suggest corresponding differences in the mode of binding, or in the molecular surfaces buried in the binding reactions. In particular, factors other than hydrophobic effects may be significant contributors to the thermodynamics of antibody-cytochrome c binding, especially when delta Cp is small (MAb 5F8).
Camptothecin resistance from a single mutation changing glycine 363 of human DNA topoisomerase I to cysteine. (1993)

A full-length human DNA topoisomerase I complementary DNA clone was mutagenized in vitro and the mutagenized DNA was used to replace wild-type human TOP1 complementary DNA in YCpGAL1-hTOP1, a plasmid constructed for the expression of the human enzyme in yeast. A yeast strain devoid of yeast DNA topoisomerase I and permeable to the anticancer drug camptothecin was transformed with the plasmid pool. Assays of DNA topoisomerase I in lysates of camptothecin-resistant transformants identified one with nearly the same level of the enzyme as transformants of unmutagenized YCpGAL1-hTOP1, and a single mutation changing Gly363 to a cysteine was found in this mutant. The G363C mutant enzyme was overexpressed in yeast and partially purified. It differed significantly from wild-type human DNA topoisomerase I similarly expressed and purified: camptothecin-stimulated cleavage of DNA was observed with the wild-type but not the G363C enzyme, and the DNA relaxation activity of the mutant enzyme, unlike that of the wild-type enzyme, was not significantly stimulated by Mg(II). The positions of the G363C and other previously reported camptothecin resistance mutations in eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I were discussed in terms of a model in which the active site is an interdomainal cleft.
Strategies for the isolation and characterization of bovine embryonic stem cells (1994)

The practical application of advanced breeding technologies and genetic manipulation of domestic animals is dependent on the efficient and routine isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from these species. ES cell lines of proven totipotency have thus far been isolated only from the mouse. Murine ES cells can be identified by a number of criteria including morphology and characteristics in culture, the presence of specific markers, differentiative capacity and contribution to chimaeras. Reported cell lines derived from ruminant preimplantation embryos do not stably exhibit these characteristics. As demonstrated for the mouse, primordial germ cells may provide an alternative source for pluripotential cell lines. The isolation, culture and preliminary characterization of bovine primordial germ cell-derived (PGCd) cells are described in this paper. The PGCd cells are capable of differentiation in vitro and display murine ES cell markers including alkaline phosphatase. With farm animals, long generation intervals and small numbers of offspring make it important to develop techniques for evaluating chimaeric embryos in vitro before embarking on expensive in vivo programmes. A method for labelling putative pluripotential cells with a fluorochrome marker to follow the fate of such cells was developed. Labelled PGCd cells were injected into blastocysts and the chimaeric embryos were monitored in vitro. Preliminary results demonstrate that the labelled PGCd cells incorporate preferentially within the inner cell mass of the host blastocyst.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facile Synthesis of Isoindolinones via Rh(III)-Catalyzed One-Pot Reaction of Benzamides, Ketones, and Hydrazines (2015)

A Rh(III)-catalyzed one-pot reaction of benzamides, ketones, and hydrazines for facile access to isoindolinones is reported. In this method, various ketones are transformed into donor-donor diazo compounds, which sequentially engage in insertion with benzamides under Rh(III) catalysis to generate N-substituted quaternary isoindolinones.
Thin‐film micromirror array (TMA) for large information‐display systems (2000)

Abstract— The thin‐film micromirror array (TMA) is a new reflective‐type spatial light modulator fabricated with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Micromachined thin‐film piezoelectric actuators are used to control the tilt angle of each micromirror, which defines the gray scale of the matching screen pixel. A working projector prototype of 5400 true ANSI lumens was presented at Asian Display '98 with three VGA‐format TMAchips and a 1‐kW xenon lamp. The prototype showed a light‐transmitting efficiency of 22%. An XGA‐format TMA was developed for commercial purposes. The size of each micromirror of the XGA‐format TMA is reduced to half the size of the micromirror of a VGA‐format TMA. Efforts have been made to maintain the light‐transmitting efficiency of the XGA TMA projector over 21%, as well as to improve the uniformity.