gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Tumor Imaging with Indocyanine Green in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (2014)

Objectives: (1) Describe the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) as an imaging agent for head and neck tumors. (2) Illustrate the potential of near‐infrared imaging for intraoperative visualization of cancers. Methods: Patients underwent intravenous administration of 7.5mg ICG during the surgical procedure. The SPY/LUNA (Novadaq) near‐infrared intraoperative imaging system was used prior to resection and the Pearl (LICOR) and Odyssey (LICOR) systems for ex‐vivo tumor imaging. Tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR) was defined as tumor fluorescence divided by normal tissue fluorescence. Histologic analysis was performed with a head and neck cancer board‐certified pathologist. Results: Five patients were enrolled into this study between August and September 2013. Three patients had pharyngeal cancer, one had laryngeal cancer, and one had cutaneous cancer. TBR values of confirmed cancer tissue varied among patients (LUNA TBR 3‐9, Pearl TBR 3‐18). However, in 2 patients, areas of highest fluorescence were found to be absent of carcinoma on histological analysis. The epidermal portions of the cutaneous SCC lesion were highly fluorescent, but the tumor did not penetrate this layer in multiple sections. Histologic analysis of these tissues confirmed significant areas of acute and chronic inflammation at areas of high fluorescence intensity. Skin, mucosal surfaces, and perivascular areas were most prone to false‐positive high fluorescence. Conclusions: While intravenous ICG does accumulate in head and neck tumors sufficiently to distinguish them from normal tissue, it is not specific enough to serve as a tumor visualization agent. Targeted fluorescent probes will likely be needed for image‐guided surgery.
Identification of Three Novel Substitutions in the Erythroid Promoter of the HMBS Gene: A New Erythroid Variant of Human Acute Intermittent Porphyria? (2008)

Abstract Porphyrias are inherited disorders in the biosynthesis of heme. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), the most common form, is autosomal dominant and it is characterized by recurrent attacks of abdominal pain, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neurologic disturbances. AIP is caused by molecular defects in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene (HMBS) causing a partial deficiency of the third enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. This gene maps to chromosome 11q23.2 with a total of 15 exons. Two distinct promoters direct the synthesis of housekeeping and erythroid specific mRNAs by alternative splicing. The housekeeping promoter is located upstream the exon 1 while the erythroid promoter include a portion of intron 1, the exon 2 and the intron 2. The exon 1 and the exons 3 to 15 generate the housekeeping mRNA while the exons 2 to 15 generate the erythroid mRNA giving rise to the housekeeping HMBS isoform and to the erythroid HMBS isoform respectively. In the classic form of AIP, both the housekeeping and the erythroid HMBS isoforms are deficient since the must common molecular defects involve the common region of the gene from exon 3 to exon 15. Approximately 5% of AIP patients have normal levels of the erythroid HMBS isoform and defects in the housekeeping promoter or in the exon 1 which is specific for the housekeeping HMBS isoform, causing the ‘non-erythroid variant’ of AIP. So far no mutations are known in the erythroid promoter. In this study we searched for molecular defects in HMBS gene in three Italian patients with typical clinical and biochemical signs of AIP. The diagnosis was based on elevated urinary excretion of porphyrinic precursors and reduced erythrocyte HMBS activity. The entire HMBS gene has been amplified by PCR and submitted to direct automated sequencing: no mutations known as responsible for classic form of AIP have been identified. However, each of three patients had a substitutions in the erythroid promoter of HMBS gene that could justify the reduced erythrocyte HMBS activity: c.34–115 C&gt;A, c.34–126 G&gt;C and c.34–156G&gt;A. In order to establish if these substitutions were polymorphisms, more than 200 alleles from Italian normal subjects were sequenced and none of them revealed the substitutions. These three mutations, located specifically in the intron 2, could affect the normal splicing of exon 3 causing an abnormal mRNA, to give rise to the classical form of AIP. The mRNA analysis, however, didn’t reveal any abnormal mRNA. Moreover real time experiments in the lymphocytes showed a 100% expression of housekeeping HMBS mRNA excluding the non-sense mediated decay mechanism. These data suggest that these mutations could affect the normal function of the erythroid promoter only, causing an erythroid variant of human acute intermittent porphyria. Further expression studies are in progress.
Fabrication and some properties of biaxially aligned Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2 superconductors by processing in high magnetic field (2010)

We fabricated the c axis and ab-plane biaxially aligned Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2 superconductor using a two-step magnetic field procedure. The effect of magnetic fields on the structure and superconducting properties of Sr0.6K0.4Fe2As2 has been investigated by using X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The degree of orientation of the samples was about 0.39 for the c axis and 0.51 for ab-plane orientation, as evaluated from the Lotgering factor of X-ray diffraction. This technology might be useful in a variety of potential applications, including preparing iron based superconducting bulks and wires with high critical currents.
Verschiedene Pigmente (1995)

Das Kapitel enthält die folgenden Abschnitte: Chinophthalon-Pigmente Diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrol-(DPP)-Pigmente Aluminiumverlackte Pigmente Pigmente mit bekannter chemischer Struktur, nicht einzuordnen in andere Kapitel Pigmente mit bisher nicht bekannter Struktur
Symmetric measures via moments (2008)

Algebraic tools in statistics have recently been receiving special attention and a number of interactions between algebraic geometry and computational statistics have been rapidly developing. This paper presents another such connection, namely, one between probabilistic models invariant under a finite group of (non-singular) linear transformations and polynomials invariant under the same group. Two specific aspects of the connection are discussed: generalization of the (uniqueness part of the multivariate) problem of moments and log-linear, or toric, modeling by expansion of invariant terms. A distribution of minuscule subimages extracted from a large database of natural images is analyzed to illustrate the above concepts.
Photochromic Fulgides: Transformation of Non-phtochromic (Z)-Isomer of a Fulgide into Highly Phtochromic (E)-Isomer via Structural Modification Containing Enhanced Conjugation. (1999)

Fulgides are a class of organic compounds that undergo photochromically reversible color and structural changes, called photochromism. This property has a number of practically beneficial implications including optical data storage, waveguides, holograms, photochromic lenses, integrated optics, sunlight attenuation, and sensor protection. We have synthesized two isomeric fulgides, I (E) and I (Z), and have discovered that only the I (E) isomer exhibits photochromism. Thus, upon irradiation with a UV light at max 350 nm, the nearly colorless I (E) undergoes conrotatory electrocyclic ring-closure to form the colored cyclized product II which absorbs in the visible region at max ~600 nm. The colored product II reverts back to colorless I (E) upon irradiation with a visible light at max ~530 nm. The I (Z) isomer, on the other hand, is unable to cyclize under the same conditions, apparently because of its structural constraints for cyclization. We reasoned that the introduction of additional conjugation in the molecule would facilitate photochemical isomerization of the Z isomer into the required E form for cyclization with UV irradiation. To this end, compounds III (E) and III (Z) were synthesized from I (E) and I (Z), respectively, and were both found to exhibit photochromism. Another added advantage of enhanced conjugations in III (E) and III (Z), as compared with I (E) and I (Z), is the absorbance at a higher wavelength (max ~620 nm) region. The latter property is anticipated to improve semiconductor laser compatibility of fulgides. It is believed that for a sufficiently high decoding (erasure) sensitivity, the colored products must exhibit absorbance in considerably long wavelength (visible) region.
Event-Based Imaging with Active Illumination in Sensor Networks (2005)

We discuss a distributed imaging architecture with active illumination for sensor network applications. An event-based CMOS imager is employed at the sensor level, to convert light intensity at each pixel into a pulse density modulated stream of address events. The wireless nodes are commercial off-the-shelf motes. Energy-aware communication is implemented at the sensor level by employing an event-based readout. Additional computation for data reduction is accomplished at the sensor/mote interface level by modulating the event-rate produced by the sensor array to match the bandwidth and latency constraints in the communication network. Information transmitted in the limited bandwidth links of the network yields effective means for detection and partial recognition of the object, even at very low bit rates and frame latency as low as 1s.
Higher-Resolution Determination of Zero-Offset Common-Reflection-Surface Stack Parameters (2011)

We developed a higher resolution method for the estimation of the three travel-time parameters that are used in the 2D zero-offset, Common-Reflection-Surface stack method. The underlying principle in this method is to replace the coherency measure performed using semblance with that of MUSIC (multiple signal classification) pseudospectrum that utilizes the eigenstructure of the data covariance matrix. The performance of the two parameter estimation techniques (i.e., semblance and MUSIC) was investigated using both synthetic seismic diffraction and reflection data corrupted with white Gaussian noise, as well as a multioffset ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data set. The estimated parameters employing MUSIC were shown to be superior of those from semblance.
Collisional Activation of N<sub>2</sub>O Decomposition and CO Oxidation Reactions on Isolated Rhodium Clusters (2013)

The reactions of nitrous oxide decorated rhodium clusters, RhnN2O(+) (n = 5, 6), have been studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Collision induced dissociation with Ar is shown to lead to one of two processes; desorption of the intact N2O moiety (indicating molecular adsorption in the parent cluster) or N2O decomposition liberating molecular nitrogen with the latter becoming increasingly dominant at higher collision energies. Consistent with the results of earlier studies, which employed infrared excitation [Hermes, A. C.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 3053], Rh5ON2O(+) is observed to behave qualitatively differently to Rh5N2O(+) with decomposition of the nitrous oxide dominating the chemistry of the former. In other experiments, the reactivity of RhnN2O(+) clusters with CO has been studied. Chemisorption of (13)CO is calculated to deposit ca. 2 eV into the parent cluster, initiating a range of chemical processes on the cluster surface, which are fit to a simple reaction mechanism. Clear differences are again observed in the reaction branching ratios for Rh5N2O(+) and Rh6N2O(+) parent cluster ions. For the n = 5 cluster, the combined N2O reduction/CO oxidation is the most significant reaction channel, while the n = 6 cluster preferentially is oxidized to Rh6O(+) with loss of N2 and CO. Even larger differences are observed in the reactions of the N2O decorated cluster oxides, RhnON2O(+), for which more reaction possibilities arise. The results of all studies are discussed in relation to infrared driven processes on the same parent cluster species [Hamilton, S. M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 1448; J. Phys. Chem. A, 2011, 115, 2489].
Evaluation of Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Halloysite-Kaolinite Clays (1953)

Abstract A number of methods were tested for their applicability to the problem of determining the content of halloysite in kaolin clays. These analytical methods included the thin-section point-count technique, base-exchange determinations, electron microscope techniques and infra-red absorption spectra differences. Base-exchange determinations were made on a number of monodisperse fractions of pure halloysites and kaolinites. Consistent values of 12 meq/100 g were obtained for the halloysites and 4 meq/100 g for the kaolinites in the size range 1-0.25 micron. Electron micrographs were taken of prepared homogenized mixtures and counts made of the two morphologically different varieties. Application of this technique to several natural halloysitic kaolins, of which the proportions were known by DTA methods, gave good correlative results. The thin section method gave very good results on residual clays where the kaolinite occurs as vermicular aggregates. Infra-red absorption spectra were run by associates on prepared mixtures and the differences were sufficiently marked to give semi-quantitative results. These four techniques are evaluated with respect to accuracy and application and are compared with other reported techniques.
Imaging fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity applied to GFP‐tagged MHC protein at an immunological synapse* (2005)

Fluorescence imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP) may be used to locate proteins in live cells and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) may be employed to probe the local microenvironment of proteins. Here we apply FLIM to GFP-tagged proteins at the cell surface and at an inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell immunological synapse (IS). We present a novel quantitative analysis of fluorescence lifetime images that we believe is useful to determine whether apparent FLIM heterogeneity is statistically significant. We observe that, although the variation of observed fluorescence lifetime of GFP-tagged proteins at the cell surface is close to the expected statistical range, the lifetime of GFP-tagged proteins in cells is shorter than recombinant GFP in solution. Furthermore the lifetime of GFP-tagged major histocompatibility complex class I protein is shortened at the inhibitory NK cell IS compared with the unconjugated membrane. Following our previous work demonstrating the ability of FLIM to report the local refractive index of GFP in solution, we speculate that these lifetime variations may indicate local refractive index changes. This application of our method for detecting small but significant differences in fluorescence lifetimes shows how FLIM could be broadly useful in imaging discrete membrane environments for a given protein.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,5‐Dihydro‐1,3,5‐oxadiazoles and Bis(heteroatom‐substituted)carbenes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of the optical constants of amorphous carbon in the EUV spectral region 40-450 eV (2006)

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical constants <i>δ</i>(<i>ω</i>) and <i>β</i>(<i>ω</i>) of amorphous carbon were determined on the basis of transmission measurements at <i>hω</i>=18-450 eV, the first-principles calculation of the dielectric tensor at <i>hω</i><25 eV, and the Kramers-Kronig calculation of <i>δ</i>(<i>ω</i>). Our optical constants generally agree with the CXRO data, excluding the vicinity of the K-edge. First-principles analysis shows that two thresholds of absorption (at 284 eV and 291 eV) found in the present study are caused, respectively, by the <i>π</i>- and <i>σ</i>- bonds. Their weights are controlled by an orientation of graphene sheets in a-carbon.
Nomogram for Fresnel-zone calculation (1980)

Abstract Geophysicists commonly recognize that a sizeable portion of a reflector is involved in causing a reflection as seen on a seismic trace, but the areal extent is usually not calculated and hence not appreciated. Most commonly, concepts are simply transferred from classical physical optics and called Fresnel-zone effects. Confusion sometimes results due to the failure to distinguish whether incident waves are plane or spherical. An excellent explanation (but one which does not use the term “Fresnel zone”) is given by Hagedoorn (1954), from which Figure 1 is taken.
File organization for aerial photography (1968)

This paper presents an analysis of an information storage and retrieval problem encountered in the organization of a file containing a large number of aerial photographs. In analyzing the system, the problem is first abstracted and formulated into a mathematical model so that analytical techniques can be applied. Briefly stated, the problem can be formulated as follows: a large rectangular area A containing k paths (or aerial missions) is given. Each path is composed of an arbitrary number of straight-line segments or rectangles depending on the width of a photo-strip. At a particular time, a polygonal region Q@@A is specified. Information about all parts of line segments or rectangles which lie totally within Q (as well as path information) is to be retrieved. The problem to which this paper is directed deals with the effects on retrieval of constructing a grid system for A. Assuming Q to be much smaller than A, into what sizes should A be divided so that this storage and retrieval process is most efficient. It will be assumed that the grid squares Bi of A are also rectangular.
The synthetic cannabinoid HU210 induces spatial memory deficits and suppresses hippocampal firing rate in rats (2007)

These data provide the first direct evidence that the underlying mechanism for the spatial memory deficits induced by HU210 in rats is the accompanying abnormality in hippocampal cell firing.
Vortex shedding behind rings and discs (1988)

The wake structure of discs and bluff rings has been investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel. The rings have an inner diameter di, and an outer diameter do and are classified according to the parameter (do + di)/(do − di) = d/w. the ratio of mean diameter to ring width. As d/w → ∞ the flow approaches that around a two dimensional bluff body whereas as d/w tends to unity the body approaches a solid disc. A distinct change in the vortex shedding pattern is found around d/w = 5. Below this critical value velocity fluctuations in the wake have a weak periodic component which is 180° out of phase across a diameter of the body. Above d/w = 5. regular and coherent axisymmetric vortex ring shedding is observed with shedding occurring alternately from the inner and outer circumferences of the bluff body. Flow visualization and conditional averaging of hot-wire data are used to investigate the vortex structure.
Importance of the Coronary Collateral Circulation for the Distribution of Anterograde and Retrograde Delivered Cardioplegic Solution in Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery: A Haemodynamic Study (1994)

The importance of coronary collateral circulation for homogeneous distribution of anterograde and retrograde delivery of cardioplegia was evaluated in 36 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. All patients had three-vessel coronary artery disease, with a stenosis of the right coronary artery of at least 80%. The patients were randomized into two groups: group A (n = 19) received anterograde delivered cardioplegic solution and group B (n = 17) received retrograde. Both groups were further subdivided depending on the pathology of the right coronary artery, as evaluated on preoperative coronary angiography. In group A1 (n = 8) and group B1 (n = 7) there was no visualization of collateral circulation from the left to the right coronary artery system, whereas in group A2 (n = 11) and group B2 (n = 10) there was retrograde filling of the right coronary artery by collateral circulation. Right atrial pressure increased significantly (P < 0.05) in group A1 and was elevated in group A2, but not significantly (P = 0.07). By contrast, right arterial pressure decreased in groups B1 and B2. Analysis of the individual differences in the right atrial filling pressure showed a statistical significance between the two subgroups (group B1-1.0(0.5) versus group B2-1.8(1.1), P < 0.05), although the individual decrease of the right ventricular stroke work index was not significant. It is concluded that collateral circulation is important for an adequate distribution of anterogradely delivered cardioplegia and is also beneficial in cases of retrograde delivery.
Update and Advances in Intravenous Therapy with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: Summary of a Symposium (1987)

Update and Advances in Intravenous Therapy with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: Summary of a Symposium Jack S. Remington Jack S. Remington Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical FoundationPalo Alto, CaliforniaDepartment of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University Medical CenterStanford, California Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Jack S. Remington, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, 860 Bryant Street, Palo Alto, California 94301. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 9, Issue Supplement_2, March-April 1987, Pages S153–S159, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/9.Supplement_2.S153 Published: 01 March 1987
Measurement of Multipole Mixing in Nuclear Radiation by a New Method (1973)

The multipole mixing in the ${3}^{+}$(5.22 MeV) \ensuremath{\rightarrow} ${2}^{+}$(1.369 MeV) transition in $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ has been determined by a method based on observing the asymmetry in the radiation emitted from a state which is oriented by a reaction initiated with a vector polarized beam. The particular reaction employed was $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}(p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}})^{24}\mathrm{Mg}({3}^{+})$.
Constant switching frequency series resonant three-port bi-directional DC-DC converter (2008)

Multi-port converters have attracted special interest in applications such as self sustaining residential homes and buildings with multiple energy sources and energy storage. In this paper a constant switching frequency series resonant three-port bi-directional DC-DC converter is proposed. The converter uses a three-winding transformer with two of its windings connected to H-bridges through series resonant circuits. To control the output voltage and to share the power between the two sources, two control variables are proposed. One of them is the phase shift between the fundamental of the outputs of the H-bridges and the other between two legs in one of the bridges. Sinusoidal analysis is presented and equations for output voltage and input port power are derived as a function of the phase shifts. It is observed from the analysis that the power can be made bi-directional in either of the source ports by varying the phase shifts. Switching frequency is chosen such that the converter operates above resonant frequency and hence aid in zero voltage switching (ZVS). A design procedure to select converter parameters is explained. Simulation and experimental results of a prototype converter are presented.