gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next Generation Seismic Imaging; High Fidelity Algorithms and High-End Computing (2007)

The rich oil reserves of the Gulf of Mexico are buried in deep and ultra-deep waters up to 30,000 feet from the surface. Minerals Management Service (MMS), the federal agency in the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages the nation's oil, natural gas and other mineral resources on the outer continental shelf in federal offshore waters, estimates that the Gulf of Mexico holds 37 billion barrels of undiscovered, conventionally recoverable oil, which, at $50/barrel, would be worth approximately $1.85 trillion. These reserves are very difficult to find and reach due to the extreme depths. Technological advances in seismic imaging represent an opportunity to overcome this obstacle by providing more accurate models of the subsurface.
Prebreakdown phenomena and formation processes of low pressure glow discharges in N2, O2, and N2/O2 mixtures (2003)

The prebreakdown phenomena and the resulting transient processes from the prebreakdown phenomena to the glow discharge in low-pressure N2, O2 gases, and N2/O2 mixtures were investigated. When the applied voltage was a lower overvoltage ratio less than about 2%, nonprebreakdown phenomenon was observed, and the overvoltage ratio was independent of the gas materials. This phenomenon, however, was observed at the overvoltage ratio of higher than about 3%. The prebreakdown phenomenon in N2 gas differed from those in O2 gas, and formed pulseless components. On the other hand, those in O2 gas formed pulsed components. The prebreakdown phenomenon in N2 gas changed to a pulsed discharge by mixing it with a small amount of more than 0.3% O2 gas. These transient processes from the prebreakdown phenomena to the glow discharges were also observed by a high-speed video camera. As a result, the formation processes of the glow discharge became clear.
Neutral red assay in minimum fungicidal concentrations of antifungal agents (1996)

We assayed the fungicidal effects of antifungal agents using neutral red staining. Fungal elements of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were treated with various concentrations of antifungal agents in 96-well filtration plates and then stained with neutral red. The amount of neutral red incorporated by the surviving viable cells was determined from the automated spectrophotometric readings at 550 nm. The minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of antifungal agents determined by this assay correlated well with those determined by conventional assay. This newly developed procedure should provide a rapid, reproducible, quantitative, qualitative and semi-automated susceptibility test for determination of the MFCs of the fungicidal agents.
Impact of Smoking on Complication and Pseudarthrosis Rates After Single- and 2-Level Posterolateral Fusion of the Lumbar Spine (2014)

4.
Capturing the Genesis of an Active Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst with Operando X‐ray Nanospectroscopy (2018)

Abstract A state‐of‐the‐art operando spectroscopic technique is applied to Co/TiO 2 catalysts, which account for nearly half of the world's transportation fuels produced by Fischer–Tropsch catalysis. This allows determination of, at a spatial resolution of approximately 50 nm, the interdependence of formed hydrocarbon species in the inorganic catalyst. Observed trends show intra‐ and interparticular heterogeneities previously believed not to occur in particles under 200 μm. These heterogeneities are strongly dependent on changes in H 2 /CO ratio, but also on changes thereby induced on the Co and Ti valence states. We have captured the genesis of an active FTS particle over its propagation to steady‐state operation, in which microgradients lead to the gradual saturation of the Co/TiO 2 catalyst surface with long chain hydrocarbons (i.e., organic film formation).
Single Event-Induced Error Propagation Through Nominally-off Transmission Gates (2006)

A single event-induced false latching mechanism in 65-nm D-flip-flops is identified and attributed to transient propagation through nominally-off CMOS transmission gates. This is a circuit-level effect initialized by single event transient (SET) pulses that causes the hit node voltage to exceed the voltage supply rails. Smaller devices are more susceptible to this effect because of smaller nodal capacitances. Circuit simulations indicate that this effect increases the temporal window where a data bit is vulnerable to a node strike by a quarter clock cycle
Tribological and mechanical comparison of sintered and HIPped PM212 - High temperature self-lubricating composites (1992)

Selected tribological, mechanical and thermophysical properties of two versions of PM212 (sintered and hot isostatically pressed, HIPped) are compared. PM212, a high temperature self-lubricating composite, contains 70 wt percent metal bonded chromium carbide, 15 wt percent CaF2/BaF2 eutectic and 15 wt percent silver. PM212 in the sintered form is about 80 percent dense and has previously been shown to have good tribological properties from room temperature to 850 C. Tribological results of a fully densified, HIPped version of PM212 are given. They are compared to sintered PM212. In addition, selected mechanical and thermophysical properties of both types of PM212 are discussed and related to the tribological similarities and differences between the two PM212 composites. In general, both composites display similar friction and wear properties. However, the fully dense PM212 HIPped composite exhibits slight lower friction and wear than sintered PM212. This may be attributed to its generally higher strength properties. The sintered version displays stable wear properties over a wide load range indicating its promise for use in a variety of applications. Based upon their properties, both the sintered and HIPped PM212 have potential as bearing and seal materials for advanced high temperature applications.
Spectroelectrochemically determined energy levels of PM6:Y6 blends and their relevance to solar cell performance (2022)

A systematic spectroelectrochemical approach is presented to precisely determine frontier orbital energies of PM6:Y6 blends in device-relevant films and results are discussed regarding their impact on solar cell performance.
Investigation of Bloch wall fine structures by magnetic force microscopy (1870)

Using a magnetic force microscope (MFM), measurements have been performed on single crystal iron whiskers. These samples exhibit a comparatively simple magnetic domain structure and a high degree of crystallographic perfection. STM measurements yield an average surface corrugation of about 3 nm. These nearly ideal boundary conditions permit an investigation of the undistorted surface configuration of Bloch walls in a cubic bulk crystal. Interactions between the stray field configuration of the sample and a ferromagnetic microscope tip have been measured with a new MFM device which is based on direct compliance detection. Measurements have been performed in the constant-current mode, as well as in the constant-compliance, mode. Control observation by means of the Kerr magneto-optic effect permit an interpretation of the obtained MFM data in terms of isolated 180° Bloch walls. The fine structure of these walls has been analysed and compared with results obtained from model calculations.
Cocrystal Trimorphism as a Consequence of Orthogonality of Halogen- and Hydrogen-Bonding (2019)

True trimorphic cocrystals, i.e. multi-component molecular crystals of identical composition that exhibit three polymorphic structures, are exceedingly rare and so far no halogen-bonded cocrystal system was reported to exhibit trimorphism. Here, we describe a unique example of a trimorphic cocrystal exhibiting both hydrogen and halogen bonds in which the difference between polymorphs arises from their orthogonality evident by apparently independent variation of hydrogen- and halogen-bonded motifs.
Sequence Analyses in Characterizations of Functional Properties (1982)

Sequence analyses have shown new functional properties for dehydrogenases and for gastrointestinal polypeptide hormones.
Dedication to the Memory of Dr. Ulrich Kogelschatz (2016)

Klaus-Dieter Weltmann and Mounir Laroussi, the authors of this dedication, would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief, Steven Gitomer, and the Editorial Board of the IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science for agreeing to dedicate this special issue on Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas and their Applications to the memory of Dr. Ulrich Kogelschatz, one of the leading scientists and pioneers of our field.
A High Order, Lumped Parameter, Jet Dynamic Model for the Frequency Response of Laminar Proportional Amplifiers (1981)

This paper presents a high-order, lumped parameter, jet-dynamic model for laminar proportional amplifiers (LPA’s). The governing equations for the lumped-parameter representation of the flow regimes found in the input of an LPA are derived in the Laplace domain, and an equivalent electrical circuit is obtained. The input governs the overall response of the LPA and may be modeled in its simplest form by five reactive components. The transmission of the signal from input to output is delayed by a transport time (determined by observation of flow visualization of a step response) equal to twice the average particle transit time. A pressure difference is then developed at the splitter that is proportional to the loading and the vent conditions. This signal is acoustically fed back to the control region of the jet, augmenting jet deflection when in phase. The vent inductance is found to have a significant influence on the low-frequency gain. Resonant regions determined by this model correspond closely to edgetone eigenfrequencies reported in the literature. Experimental data have shown good agreement with theory for the amplitude frequency response of LPA’s and excellent agreement for the phase shift. An engineering guide developed for the bandpass characteristics of LPA’s indicates that operating bandwidths of up to 14 kHz can be expected for amplifiers with a nozzle width of 0.25 mm, and ultrasonic operation appears feasible with devices having nozzle widths as large as 0.1 mm.
Study of particle - bubble interaction using atomic force microscopy - current possibilities and challenges (2002)

Study of interaction forces between mineral particles and air bubbles is a key to understanding flotation processes. Measurement of such interaction forces has only recently been made possible with the introduction of the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the colloidal probe technique. Using AFM, interactions between a single particle attached to the AFM cantilever and an air bubble pl aced on a flat hydrophobic surface are measured in an aqueous environment. Interaction forces prior to rupture of the interfacial water film as a function of the hydrophobic surf ace state can be established, as shown in the present study. Additionally, the effect of the hydrodynamic force between approaching air bubble and particle is quantified. Despite the great potential of the AFM colloidal probe technique for studying particle – bubble interactions, several challenges pertaining to the AFM design, experimental procedure, and data analysis have to be addressed due to deformation of the airwater interface. For example, such issues as the range of the piezoelectric translator and cantilever deflection, determination of the bubble spring constant, and identification of the point of contact between bubble and particle are now under consideration.
Computationally efficient IAA-based estimation of the fundamental frequency (2012)

Optimal linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) filtering methods have recently been applied to fundamental frequency estimation. Like many other fundamental frequency estimators, these methods are constructed using an estimate of the inverse data covariance matrix. The required matrix inverse is typically formed using the sample covariance matrix via data partitioning, although this is well-known to adversely affect the spectral resolution. In this paper, we propose a fast implementation of a novel optimal filtering method that utilizes the LCMV principle in conjunction with the iterative adaptive approach (IAA). The IAA formulation enables an accurate covariance matrix estimate from a single snapshot, i.e., without data partitioning, but the improvement comes at a notable computational cost. Exploiting the estimator's inherently low displacement rank of the necessary products of Toeplitz-like matrices, we form a computationally efficient implementation, reducing the required computational complexity with several orders of magnitude. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable or better than that of other competing methods in terms of spectral resolution.
Fast reflectivity imaging in 3D using SAFT (2018)

The computational burden for 3D Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) is large as for each voxel the delay for each acquired A-scan has to be calculated, e.g. O(N5) for N3 voxels and N2 A-scans. For 3D reconstruction of objects which are large in terms of the wavelength, e.g. ≥ (100 􀟣)³, the computation of one volume takes several days on a current multicore PC. If the 3D distribution of speed of sound is applied to correct the delays for objects with varying speed of sound the computation time increases further. This overview paper presents the implementations for 3D SAFT developed by the KIT group and discusses their computational performance.
Combination checkpoint therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-BTLA results in a synergistic therapeutic effect against murine glioblastoma (2021)

Clinical trials involving anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) failed to demonstrate improved overall survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. This may be due to the expression of alternative checkpoints such as B- and T- lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) on several immune cell types including regulatory T cells. Murine GBM models indicate that there is significant upregulation of BTLA in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with associated T cell exhaustion. We investigate the use of antibodies against BTLA and PD-1 on reversing immunosuppression and increasing long-term survival in a murine GBM model. C57BL/6 J mice were implanted with the murine glioma cell line GL261 and randomized into 4 arms: (i) control, (ii) anti-PD-1, (iii) anti-BTLA, and (iv) anti-PD-1 + anti-BTLA. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for all arms. Flow cytometric analysis of blood and brains were done on days 11 and 16 post-tumor implantation. Tumor-bearing mice treated with a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-BTLA therapy experienced improved overall long-term survival (60%) compared to anti-PD-1 (20%) or anti-BTLA (0%) alone (<i>P</i> = .003). Compared to monotherapy with anti-PD-1, mice treated with combination therapy also demonstrated increased expression of CD4+ IFN-γ (<i>P</i> < .0001) and CD8+ IFN-γ (<i>P</i> = .0365), as well as decreased levels of CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells on day 16 in the brain (<i>P</i> = .0136). This is the first preclinical investigation into the effects of combination checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 and anti-BTLA treatment in GBM. We also show a direct effect on activated immune cell populations such as CD4+ and CD8 + T cells and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells through this combination therapy.
El aprendizaje basado en tecnologías: análisis crítico y persectivas (1995)

El punto de partida de este articulo es la constatacion de que las altas expectativas respecto al uso y aprovechamiento del recurso informatico en educacion no se han cumplido. El autor asume la postura de que la aplicacion productiva de computadoras en estos procesos requiere que estas esten integradas en ambientes de ensenanza-aprendizaje consistentes. El diseno y analisis de los sistemas y programas adecuados al ambito educativo obliga a volver la atencion sobre la naturaleza de los procesos de aprendizaje.
MEASUREMENTS OF EMISSION RATES OF CARBON DISULFIDE FROM BIOGENIC SOURCES AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPORTANCE TO THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL LAYER (1980)

Abstract
Effects of blocking helper T cell induction in vivo with anti-Ia antibodies. Possible role of I-A/E hybrid molecules as restriction elements. (1980)

To examine the role of Ia antigens in controlling T cell activation in vivo, unprimed (CBA X B6)F1 (H-2k X H-2b) T cells were positively selected to sheep erythrocytes (SRC) for 5 d in irradiated F1 mice in the presence of large doses of anti-Iak antibody. With selection in the presence of broad-spectrum anti-Iak antibody (A.TH anti-A.TL antiserum), the activated T cells were markedly reduced in their capacity to collaborate with either B10.BR (I-Ak I-Bk I-Jk I-Ek I-Ck) (kkkkk) or B10.A(4R) (kbbbb) B cells but gave good helper responses with B10 (bbbbb) and (B10 X B10.BR)F1 B cells. Because there was no evidence for suppression, these findings were taken to imply that the anti-Iak antibody bound to Ia determinants on radioresistant macrophagelike cells of F1 host origin and blocked the activation of the IGk-restricted subgroup of F1 T cells but did not affect activation of the Iab-restricted T cell subgroup. Analogous experiments in which F1 T cells were selected to SRC in F1 mice in the presence of monoclonal anti-I-Ak antibody gave different results. In this situation, the reduction in T cell help for Iak-bearing B cells applied to B10.A(4R) B cells but not to B10.BR B cells. With selection of F1 T cells in B10.A(4R) mice, by contrast, anti-I-Ak antibody blocked T cell help for both B10.A(4R) and B10.BR B cells. These data suggested that genes telomeric to the I-A subregion were involved in controlling T cell activation and T-B collaboration. Because no evidence could be found that I-B through I-C determinants per se could act as restrictions elements, the working hypothesis for the data is that Iak-restricted T cells consist of two subgroups of cells: one subgroup is restricted by I-A-encoded molecules, whereas the other is restricted by I-A/E hybrid molecules encoded by two separated genes situated in the I-A and I-E subregions, respectively. The notion that A/E hybrid molecules serve as restriction elements is in line with the findings of other workers that these molecules can act as alloantigens and control responses to certain antigens under double Ir gene control.
The Relative Solubility of the Silver Halides and Silver Sulphocyanate. (1908)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Relative Solubility of the Silver Halides and Silver Sulphocyanate.Arthur E. HillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1908, 30, 2, 303Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1908Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1908https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01944a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01944a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyanionic Materials for Testing of Antitumor Activity. I-The 1:2 Cyclocopolymer of Citraconic Anhydride and Divinyl Ether (1987)

The cyclopolymer of citraconic anhydride and divinyl ether was resynthesized for the purpose of optimizing its antitumor activity with respect to molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Thus, the cyclocopolymer was syn thesized under a variety of conditions which included use of chain-transfer agents, and the samples were fractionated. Evaluation of the various fractions against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cells showed that the effectiveness of the material is highly dependent on both molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. An optimum sample resulted in an increase in survival times of treated vs. control animals of 267%.
A Basic Study of the Amino Acid Residue in Protein. The Molecular Interaction Responsible for the Differentiation of Hydrocarbon Residues (1983)

Abstract A pair of primary amines was competitively acylated with acid anhydride in water–dioxane mixed solvents. Based on the product distribution, the mode of differentiation of hydrocarbon residues in the competing substrates with a reagent was studied. In solvents with a low water content, where both reactants and products were completely soluble, no appreciable differentiation of the alkyl-chain length of alkylamines occurred. On the other hand, the differentiation of a phenyl group from an alkyl group occurred. From the dependency of the product distribution on the water content in reaction media, an attractive interaction induced by water was postulated between alkyl and phenyl groups, but no such interaction was observed between alkyl and alkyl groups. The differences in functions of the phenyl and alkyl groups in the differentiation process are discussed. In solvents with a very high water content, the acylation proceeded under heterogeneous conditions, since acid anhydrides became insoluble and provided an organic phase in the reaction mixture. In this case, the differentiation was controlled by the hydrophobicity of hydrocarbon residues of amines indexed by the partition coefficients of amines between the aqueous phase and the organic phase.
A smart hydrogel-based time bomb triggers drug release mediated by pH-jump reaction (2012)

We demonstrate a timed explosive drug release from smart pH-responsive hydrogels by utilizing a phototriggered spatial pH-jump reaction. A photoinitiated proton-releasing reaction of <i>o</i>-nitrobenzaldehyde (<i>o</i>-NBA) was integrated into poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide<i>-co-</i>2<b>-</b>carboxyisopropylacrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-<i>co</i>-CIPAAm)) hydrogels. <i>o</i>-NBA-hydrogels demonstrated the rapid release of protons upon UV irradiation, allowing the pH inside the gel to decrease to below the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> value of P(NIPAAm-<i>co</i>-CIPAAm). The generated protons diffused gradually toward the non-illuminated area, and the diffusion kinetics could be controlled by adjusting the UV irradiation time and intensity. After irradiation, we observed the enhanced release of entrapped L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) from the gels, which was driven by the dissociation of DOPA from CIPAAm. Local UV irradiation also triggered the release of DOPA from the non-illuminated area in the gel via the diffusion of protons. Conventional systems can activate only the illuminated region, and their response is discontinuous when the light is turned off. The ability of the proposed pH-jump system to permit gradual activation via proton diffusion may be beneficial for the design of predictive and programmable devices for drug delivery.
Analytic field components for perpendicular thin-film recording heads (2001)

Presents a new, entirely analytic solution for the magnetic field of a thin-film head of arbitrary dimensions in the presence of a soft magnetic underlayer. The magnetic potential on each pole is assumed to be a known constant. Fourier coefficients and field components are given for two particular cases of practical interest. The paper demonstrates the accuracy of approximations that require no Fourier coefficients, but that must be evaluated numerically.