gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up-regulation and trafficking of δ opioid receptor in a model of chronic inflammation: implications for pain control (2002)

Pharmacological and physiological evidence supports a role for delta (delta) opioid receptors in the nociceptive mechanisms of inflammation. However, few data exist regarding delta opioid receptor expression and localization in such conditions. In this study, we have assessed the distribution and function of delta opioid receptors in the rat spinal cord following induction of chronic inflammation by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Intrathecal administration of the selective delta opioid receptor agonist, D-[Ala(2), Glu(4)] deltorphin, dose-dependently reversed thermal hyperalgesia induced by CFA. In situ hybridization and Western blotting experiments revealed an increase in delta opioid receptor mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord ipsilateral to the CFA injection site compared to the contralateral side and sham-injected controls. By electron microscopy, immunopositive delta opioid receptors were evident in neuronal perikarya, dendrites, unmyelinated axons and axon terminals. Quantification of immunopositive signal in dendrites revealed a twofold increase in the number of immunogold particles in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord of CFA-injected rats compared to the contralateral side and to sham-injected rats. Moreover, the relative frequency of immunogold particles associated with or in close proximity to the plasma membrane was increased in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord, indicating a more efficient targeting of delta opioid receptors to neuronal plasma membranes. These data demonstrate that CFA induces an up-regulation and increased membrane targeting of delta opioid receptors in the dorsal spinal cord which may account for the enhanced antinociceptive effects of delta opioid receptor agonists in chronic inflammatory pain models.
Electrical Model for Thresholdless Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cells (2002)

The equivalent circuit for a thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal (TLAFLC) cell has been derived using an electrical model. The model may be used to predict the TLAFLC dynamic behavior. The electrical response in the time domain of TLAFLC cells upon certain hypothesis has been obtained. Optical characteristics related to these electrical features have been derived as well. The equivalent circuit model reasonably reproduces the voltage across the cell, switching currents and the optical hysteresis obtained by experimental methods. The procedure for determining the voltage-dependent capacitance due to induced spontaneous polarization is shown. On the basis of the proposed model, we also suggest a number of clues to optimize some electrical parameters of liquid crystal materials as well as driving schemes.
Stereoselective synthesis of β-hydroxy substituted trans-alkenes by the reaction of trans-alkenyltrialkylaluminates with epoxides (1976)

Lithium trans-alkenyltrialkylaluminates, prepared by the hydroalumination of alkynes followed by treatment with n-butyl-lithium, react with epoxides to produce β-hydroxy-substituted trans-alkenes, which are readily convertible into βγ-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives.
Eine neue 2‐Allylphenol‐Cumaran‐Umlagerung (1972)

Abstract 2‐(1′‐Arylallyl)‐phenols ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ) are transformed on heating in N, N‐diethylaniline at 225° into trans ‐2‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐coumarans ( 26 , 29 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 ) in excellent yields. The corresponding cis ‐coumarans are minor products. Similar thermal behaviour is shown by 2‐(1′‐vinylallyl)‐phenols ( 7 , 8 ) which are thermally converted into trans ‐3‐methyl‐2‐vinyl‐coumarans ( 24 , 19 ) and 5‐methyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐(1‐benzoxepins) ( 25 , 18 ). The latter compounds are thermally unstable and rearrange to give approximatively 3:1 mixtures of trans ‐ and cis ‐3‐methyl‐2‐vinyl‐coumarans ( 24 , 19 ). Reaction mechanisms for these new thermal rearrangements are discussed in schemes 2, 3 and 4. The 2‐(1′‐arylallyl)‐phenols 9 , 12 and 14 yield under acidic conditions (HBr/HOAc) the expected 3‐aryl‐2‐methyl‐coumarans 28 , 35 , 39 along with 2‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐coumarans 26 , 34 , 38 and 2‐aryl‐2‐methyl‐coumarans 44 , 45 , 46 . The intervention of phenonium ions is discussed for these reactions (cf. scheme 5). When the 2‐(1′‐arylallyl)‐phenols 12 and 14 were irradiated in benzene solution with a mercury high pressure lamp, the main products obtained were 3‐aryl‐2‐methyl‐coumarans 35 and 39 which were formed rapidly. 2‐Aryl‐3‐methyl‐coumarans yield also 3‐aryl‐2‐methyl‐coumarans, when irradiated in benzene solution.
Neural network control of a virtual vehicle (2002)

This paper describes an approach to neural network-based lateral control of an autonomous road vehicle. It discusses elements of a driving simulator, a neural network controller and some operational results. Tests demonstrate that the control system is capable of robust performance over an envelope for which training had been performed at only a sparse distribution of points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two electron atoms in strong field (2000)

We present a method to describe the interaction between a two-electron atoms and a strong laser field. In a first part, we calculate the atomic structure by expanding the radial part of atomic wave functions on a B-splines basis. We then evaluate the ionisation and the excitation by solving the time dependent Schrodinger equation. Results are shown for the helium atom as well as the H' ion.
THE ROLE OF POLYMER PARTICLES IN THE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL ACETATE (1971)

The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate was carried out at 50°C using sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier and potassium persulfate as an initiator, and the role of the polymer particles produced in this system was studied on the basis of a previous theory. The low value of the average number of radicals per particle obtained in this work, i.e. in the range 0.01 - 0.5, is explained by introducing a mechanism of a rapid escape of monomeric radicals produced by the chain-transfer reaction which occurs dominantly in the polymer particles. Semiempirical equations are proposed for the estimation for the average number of radicals per particle over the whole range of monomer conversion.
Prediction of specific pathogens in patients with sepsis: evaluation of TREAT, a computerized decision support system (2007)

TREAT predicted individual pathogens causing infection well. Prediction of S. aureus was inferior to that observed with other pathogens. TREAT can be used to triage patients by the risk for specific pathogens. The system's predictions enable it to prescribe appropriate antibiotic treatment prior to pathogen identification.
CANSOLV: A new flue gas scrubbing technology (1990)

New technology called CANSOLV has been developed in Canada and has the potential to remove 98% of SO{sub 2} from flue gas streams. A unique organic absorbent reacts quickly with sulphur dioxide. The absorbent is recycled in the process once SO{sub 2} has been recovered. The recovered SO{sub 2} can be further processed into liquid SO{sub 2}, sulphuric acid or sulphur, for which many markets exist. The absorbent is described as a proprietary thermally regenerable organic amine which presents the benefits of: no equipment erosion; fast mass transfer; scaling of the absorber and gas ducts is avoided; and solids handling problems are avoided. A process flow diagram is provided with an explanation of the six process steps: flue gas cooling, prescrubber, sub-cooling, scrubber, regeneration, and solvent purification. Test results have demonstrated 96-99% SO{sub 2} removal from SO{sub 2}/air mixtures, adequate stripping of SO{sub 2} from rich absorbent, and absorbent purification to be very efficient. Process economics were calculated and it was found that capital costs are roughly equal to the advanced wet limestone processes. Operating costs, however, are much lower. 1 fig.
Catalytic effect of nanosized metal oxides on the Hantzsch reaction (2010)

The effect of nanosized copper and aluminum oxides, which have a higher sorption capacity than that of bulk samples, on the Hantzsch reaction was studied. The adsorption of starting benzaldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate on the surface of copper and aluminum nanooxides resulted in the activation of these molecules and accelerated the Hantzsch reaction. In addition, considerable activation of ammonia and intermediates (chalcone and enamine) on the surface of aluminum nanooxide facilitated an increase in the rate and selectivity of the process. The experimental results were used to develop a one-pot method for the preparation of nifedipine and nitrendipine.
Adenosine analogues with specificity for A2 receptors bind to mouse spermatozoa and stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in uncapacitated suspensions (1993)

Adenosine and its analogues, known to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in somatic cells via A2 receptors, can accelerate capacitation in mouse spermatozoa and thereby enhance fertilizing ability in vitro. Indirect evidence has suggested that adenosine can modulate mouse sperm adenylate cyclase, implicating this enzyme and cAMP in the observed functional responses. In the present study we provide evidence that [3H]5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), an adenosine analogue with specificity for stimulatory A2 adenosine receptors, can bind to mouse spermatozoa. This binding can be displaced by both unlabelled NECA and 2-chloroadenosine, another A2 receptor agonist, but not by cyclopentyladenosine, an inhibitory A1 receptor agonist, suggesting that the NECA binding is specific for A2 receptors. The presence of S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine, an adenosine transport inhibitor, did not affect binding, indicating an external site for interaction with sperm cells. Saturable specific binding of [3H]NECA to mouse spermatozoa incubated at 37 degrees C was observed, with a Bmax of 5.17 pmol mg-1 protein and a Kd value of 930 nmol l-1. Binding data were consistent with the presence of a single major class of receptor. In addition to demonstrable binding of [3H]NECA, both NECA and 2-chloroadenosine significantly stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, with NECA being effective at a lower concentration. Furthermore, the hydrolysis-resistant GTP analogue Gpp(NH)p, alone and in the presence of either NECA or 2-chloroadenosine, also significantly stimulated enzyme activity. In somatic cells, expression of responses to adenosine usually requires GTP and G proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Lameness on Average Daily Gain in Feedlot Steers (2013)

The objective of this study was to test the effects of lameness on average daily gain (ADG) of feedlot steers. We evaluated two feedlot health data sets: 1) 14,798 steers from a 14-year period (1993 to 2006) at the Meat Animal Research Center (USDA MARC) near Clay Center, Neb.; and 2) 16,766 steers from an 8-year period (2002 to 2009) at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center (ARDC) near Mead, Neb. The ADG for USDA MARC steers with lameness late in the feeding period (≥ 60 days) was 0.04 lb./day less than steers without lameness. The ADG for ARDC steers with lameness later in the experimental trial period (≥ 60 days) was 0.2 lb./day less than steers without lameness. Lameness in steers had a significant and meaningful negative effect on ADG later in the feeding period.
Risk adapted high-dose and dose-dense therapies modulate the impact of biological classification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma prognosis (2014)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous disease entity. 1 Young patients with high-intermediate and high aa-IPI score seem to be good candidates to receive alternative treatments to standard RCHOP-21 including EPOCH-R, 2 R-ACVBP+HDT-ASCT 3 and upfront autologous stem cell transplantation. ]
4-1BB antibody significantly enhances SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and proliferation following naked DNA vaccination in cynomolgus macaques (47.10) (2007)

Abstract A major challenge in the development of an effective vaccine for HIV is to stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity that includes the induction of long term memory. Ligation of the activation-induced co-stimulatory molecule, 4-1BB, stimulates CD8+ T-cell proliferation and the generation of memory in mice. We evaluated monoclonal antibody (mAb) agonists for 4-1BB to enhance DNA vaccines. Two studies were performed in cynomolgus macaques to evaluate the ability of these mAb to augment intramuscular DNA immunizations with either plasmid SIV-Gag or with codon-optimized consensus SIV-Gag, SIV-Env, and SIV-Pol plasmid DNA. Administration of anti-4-1BB mAb doubled the CD8+ T-cell killing ability as measured by granzyme B ELISpot assays. Furthermore, the proliferative response of SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells was increased by more than 5-fold after one immunization as measured by CFSE proliferation assays. Our data demonstrate the ability of 4-1BB stimulation to enhance cellular immunity following DNA vaccination in NHPs. These findings have clinical importance in that they represent a considerable improvement in the efficacy of naked intramuscular DNA vaccines in large animals and demonstrate the ability of 4-1BB agonists to direct CD8+ T-cell responses and memory. This work is supported in part by NIH and NIAID funds.
Bristle end-rounding in children's toothbrushes: a comparative study. (1993)

Animal and clinical studies have shown that sharp, unpolished toothbrush bristles can injure gingival tissues and that substantial variation exists in the degree of end-roundness of commercially available toothbrushes. In this study, eight brands of children's toothbrushes were assessed for their relative potential to cause oral tissue injury based upon the degree of end-roundness of their bristles. The brands studied were: Blend-a-dent Jr., Butler GUM Jr., Colgate Plus Jr., Johnson & Johnson Prevent Jr., Johnson & Johnson Reach Child, Lever Bros. Disney, Oral-B P20, and Sensodyne Jr. Brushes were ranked on the basis of three criteria: the percentage of bristles with sharp ends (89% roundness or less), the percentage of bristles with smooth edges (96% roundness or greater), and the average roundness of bristle ends. The Oral-B P20 brush had significantly more (p < 0.05) bristles with a roundness of 96% or greater; it also was in the group having the lowest number of bristles with sharp edges and had the highest average roundness. Based on these criteria, the Oral-B P20 showed the least potential for oral tissue damage, whereas the Johnson & Johnson Reach Child and Butler GUM Jr. showed the most potential for tissue injury. The other brands investigated were intermediate in end-rounding values and damage potential.
PLANT PRODUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CATFISH INTERLEUKIN 22 AS A NATURAL IMMUNE STIMULANT FOR AQUACULTURE (2020)

As the world population increases and wild caught fisheries decline, aquaculture offers an important sustainable solution in addressing this global challenge. However, disease management remains difficult. With limited options, there is a need for innovative solutions. The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) has emerged as a possible therapeutic target for fish and has been correlated with protection under pathogen challenge. Plant-based production systems have the potential to effectively manufacture and bring unique efficacy-enhancing features to the aquaculture industry; namely, the advantages of low cost for this commodity market, ready scalability, and reduced environmental impact. Plant-expressed recombinant cfIL-22 yield and purity were adequate for in vitro activity assessment. This study serves as the first report supporting the use of plants to express therapeutic proteins with application for the aquaculture industry. Bioactivity assays showed cfIL-22 notably increased the proliferation of catfish cells, highlighting the tissue preservation capabilities of this protein. Recombinant cfIL-22 also upregulated expression of genes encoding a tissue repair protein, fibronectin, an antimicrobial peptide, Natural killer lysin-1, and a common innate immune protein, interferon. These findings support plant-made recombinant catfish interleukin-22 as a potential therapeutic for the aquaculture industry and supports further analysis of this protein for therapeutic use.
Chapter 14. The transition elements (1971)

R. J. Cross and J. M. Winfield, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A. Gen. Phys and Inorg. Chem., 1971, 68, 365 DOI: 10.1039/GR9716800365
E-054 Development of an anthropomorphic XMR phantom for neuro-interventional catheters (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Integrated imaging suites possess great clinical significance. In the case of dual MRI and X-ray suites, devices designed to be used in their workflow have lagged in development due to engineering challenges presented by the unique working environment. In the field of neuro-intervention, device visibility is paramount. Such device efficacy must be tested <i>in vitro</i> in vascular phantoms that mimic the <i>in vivo</i> environment; however, the imaging physics of X-ray and MRI mean that a standard phantom in one imaging environment cannot be used effectively in the other. Here, we sought to develop a carotid artery and vertebral bone phantom using poly(vinyl) alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) and epoxy resin to navigate neuro-interventional catheters in integrated MR and X-ray imaging suites. <h3>Methods</h3> Human-scale models of a carotid artery and cervical spine were adapted from the NIH 3D Print Exchange and printed using an Ultimaker 3 (Ultimaker, Geldermalsen, Netherlands). The vertebral model was used to create a negative silicone mold. Bone Equivalent MaterialEpoxy resin representing a homogeneous mix of cortical and trabecular spongiosa was made using established methods. 36.4% Araldite GY 6010 and Jeffamine T-403 (Huntsman, The Woodlands, TX) were mixed (w/w) with 25.5% silicon dioxide (40–100 mesh sand) and 23.5% calcium carbonate (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The mixture was degassed, poured into the vertebral silicone mold, and cured at 20°C for 72 hours. PVA-C Phantom PVA solution was made using previously established methods. Sevol Grade 165 PVA powder was used to create 1.5 L 10% (w/w) PVA. The solution was poured into a 1.8 L container, and the carotid artery and epoxy vertebral models were submerged. Four complete freeze-thaw cycles were performed. The carotid artery model was removed, leaving open lumens in the cryogel. ImagingA gradient echo sequence was acquired at 3T (Discovery MR 750w, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). A 30 cm × 30 cm flat panel C-arm X-ray system guidance (Cios Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Munich, Germany) was used to acquire X-ray images of the phantom. <h3>Results</h3> MR and X-ray images showed a phantom with bone- and tissue-like properties (figure 1). Rigidity of the PVA-C was found to be sufficient for future navigation studies with test devices. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The phantom showed promise as an important tool in imaging research to assess and improve future neuro-interventional devices. These initial steps provide the foundation for a human-scale phantom to test devices for integrated MR and X-ray imaging techniques. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>B. Kilbride:</b> None. <b>C. Jordan:</b> None. <b>P. Kumar:</b> None. <b>T. Moore:</b> None. <b>M. Wilson:</b> None. <b>S. Hetts:</b> None.
All-fiber-optic polarization state azimuth control: application to Faraday rotation (1988)

An all fiber-optic system for the control and modulation of the azimuth of a linearly polarized beam is described. The experimental configuration is basically that of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer but with the birefringence of the two fiber arms controlled to produce orthogonal circular states of polarization which recombine in the final directional coupler. Azimuth control is then achieved by relative phase modulation using a piezo-electric element. The system has required the use of monomode fiber directional couplers of accurately characterized polarization properties, and the development of fiber linear retarders. The application of the system in the measurement of electric currents via Faraday rotation is described, although extensions to other types of optical instrument are equally feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Novel Gas Sensing Algorithm Based on Impedance Spectroscopy (2014)

A novel pattern recognition algorithm is developed, which detects concentration of different gases automatically with impedance spectroscopy (IS) using a conducting poly sensor or a WO3 sensor. It consists of adaptive- simulated-annealing-supported-parameter-estimation (ASA-PE) for feature-extraction and committee-machine (CM) for classification. The results of ASA-PE, complex-principle-component-analysis (CPCA) and discriminant- analysis-via-support-vector (SVDA) are compared. All algorithms are satisfied. But ASA-PE ensures minimal loss of information. The classifiers: distance-weighted-k-nearest-neighbor (DW-kNN), multiple-layer-perceptron (MLP), support-vector-machine (SVM) and CM are combined with feature-extraction methods and compared with each other. Recognition result is satisfying. However, if gas or gas condition is unknown, only CM with SVDA showed best performance.
Ultra-Wideband Systems (2003)

The current status of ultra-wideband technology and its main applications such as radars and telecom are presented. The main system approaches for radars and communications are discussed and compared.
Low wavenumber turbulent boundary layer fluctuating wall shear stress measurements from vibration data on a cylinder in pipe flow. (2010)

Fluctuating wall shear stress under turbulent boundary layer (TBL) excitation is studied in this experimental investigation. A cylindrical shell with a smooth internal surface is subjected to TBL excitation from water in fully developed pipe flow at 6.1 m/s. The vibration response of the cylinder is used to inversely determine low-wavenumber TBL shear stress levels. Both the cross-flow and streamwise directions are examined using directionally uncoupled low-order cylinder modes in the circumferential and axial directions. These data address a critical gap in available literature regarding experimental low-wavenumber shear stress data. The low-wavenumber shear stress levels in both the cross-flow and streamwise directions are determined to be roughly 10 dB higher than those of normal pressure. As is the case for various models of TBL pressure, these measurements suggest that a nearly constant value for normalized shear stress at low wavenumber is valid over a broad range of frequencies. A simple wavenumber white model form established for low-wavenumber TBL surface pressure is also shown to be appropriate for shear stress.
Urine S-Adenosylmethionine are Related to Degree of Renal Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2020)

Our study results demonstrate that urine SAM is a potent biomarker for monitoring renal function decline at early CKD stages. Urine SAM testing confers an additional advantage to healthcare professionals in that it is noninvasive.
Coherent transfer of photon momentum by adiabatic following in a dark state (1994)

We demonstrate a new technique for the mechanical manipulation of atoms with light that may be used to deflect or split an atomic beam. This technique depends on the existence of an internal superposition state of the atom that is 'dark' to resonant excitation by a particular light field. An atom in a dark state may adiabatically follow a slowly varying light field in such a way that both the internal state and the atom's momentum are changed. Because the dark state never absorbs or fluoresces, the atomic coherence, necessary for atom interferometry, is preserved. We use laser-cooled Cs atoms to demonstrate the transfer of 8 photon momenta from the slowly varying laser field to the atom.