gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Development of a novel in-vivo drug/in-vitro light system to investigate mechanisms of cell killing with photodynamic therapy</title> (1991)

Over the last decade considerable interest has developed in the use of exogenously administered chromophores in combination with visible light for the treatment of human tumors. Whether cells are killed directly, or indirectly as a result of disruption of the tissue, microvasculature is unknown. The authors have developed methods to assess in short term culture the effects of PDT on precision cut tissue slices. The use of these tissue slices provide an important link between in vivo studies and in vitro isolated cultured cells for the following reasons: 1) slices contain all of the normal cells in their proper in vivo architectural arrangement; 2) since slices can be obtained relatively easily and in a very short period of time (a few minutes), animals can be treated with compounds in vivo, the tissue can be removed, sliced and mechanistic studies performed in vitro (without the several hours delay required to produce cultured cells); 3) in vitro comparisons between species, including human, can be readily made; and 4) mechanisms of PDT-induced cell killing can be studied in the absence of a functioning vascular system. Using this in vivo drug/in vitro light system, the results presented will detail the findings using normal rat liver and a transplantable rat tumor model.
2′-F-2′-<i>C</i>-Methyl Nucleosides and Nucleotides for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus: from Discovery to the Clinic (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is believed to have infected over 170 million individuals worldwide and is considered a global health problem. Infection with HCV is known to lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. The search for direct-acting antiviral agents that inhibit the replication of HCV has focused on the HCV non-structural proteins of which the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is one. Nucleoside inhibitor strategies have proven fruitful in the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of HCV polymerase. The 2′-F-2′-C-methyl class of nucleos(t)ides have proved particularly useful in that this class of nucleos(t)ides show good potency, selectivity, broad genotype coverage and demonstrate a high barrier to resistance. RG7128 and PSI-7851 are members of the 2′-F-2′-C-methyl class of nucleos(t)ides. RG7128 is an ester prodrug of PSI-6130, a cytidine nucleoside, and has demonstrated potent clinical efficacy in genotype 1,2,3 and 4 patients. RG7128 is currently in Phase IIb clinical study. PSI-7851, a liver targeting prodrug, has demonstrated clinical efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in genotype 1 patients. The discovery and clinical development of RG7128 and PSI-7851 are presented.
Chemoattractant Receptors and Lymphocyte Egress from Extralymphoid Tissue: Changing Requirements during the Course of Inflammation (2010)

Memory/effector T cells traffic efficiently through extralymphoid tissues, entering from the blood and leaving via the afferent lymph. During inflammation, T cell traffic into the affected tissue dramatically increases; however, the dynamics and mechanisms of T cell exit from inflamed tissues are poorly characterized. In this study, we show, using both a mouse and a sheep model, that large numbers of lymphocytes leave the chronically inflamed skin. Many T cells capable of producing IFN-γ and IL-17 also entered the draining afferent lymph, demonstrating that memory/effector T cells egress from sites of inflammation. Whereas efficient egress from acutely inflamed skin required lymphocyte-expressed CCR7, chronic inflammation promoted significant CCR7-independent exit as well. Lymphocyte exit at late time points of inflammation was sensitive to pertussis toxin but was only partially affected by the drug FTY720, implying the contribution of alternative chemoattractant receptors other than spingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. Our data show that CCR7 is an important receptor for lymphocyte egress from both resting and inflamed extralymphoid tissues, but that alternative exit receptors come into play during chronic inflammation.
Passim: a fast simulator for passive ΔΣ ADC and passive switched-C filters (2005)

We report on a fast simulator for passive delta sigma analog-to-digital converters and general passive filters. An algorithm that relies on discrete time circuit partitioning is devised to reduce simulation time. Test cases include a complete passive δΣADC that meets the specification of GSM, Bluetooth and WCDMA.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF (2,3) SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SPECIFIC ORTHO‐SUBSTITUTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC AMINES. THE METHYLATION OF NAPHTHYLAMINES AND THE SYNTHESIS OF 1H‐BENZ(G)INDOLES AND 3H‐BENZ(E)INDOLES (1978)

Abstract 2‐Naphthylamin (I) reagiert mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit.
Degradation in thin-film SOI MOSFET's caused by single-transistor latch (1990)

The measurement of anomalous hot-carrier damage in thin-film n-channel SOI MOSFETs is reported. Due to the presence of a parasitic bipolar transistor between the source and drain, the minimum drain voltage for breakdown in these devices occurs when the device is biased in subthreshold. Using charge-pumping measurements, it is shown that if the device is biased in this regime, where single-transistor latch occurs, hot holes are injected into the gate oxide near the drain. Consequently, the maximum allowable drain voltage for these devices is governed by the parasitic bipolar properties of the SOI MOSFET.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Synthesis of Polyethylene Glycol Mono‐Carboxylate via Michael Conjugate Addition. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A new sensor system for measuring violent forces by using vibrational analysis (2002)

A force sensor system that can operate in a measuring range up to
10 kN with good stability and easily digitized output is presented. Its
main working principle is based on using vibrations of a double-plate
construction. The forces to be measured are introduced to both plates as
an axial load. The characteristics of the vibrations of the plates
depend on the axial load (similar to a vibrating chord of a musical
instrument). The design and construction of the force sensor is
fundamental to the force application conditions. In this case we
designed the sensor to measure axial loading of a cable while laying
Time resolved optical Bloch oscillations in porous silicon superlattice structures (2005)

We report on the observation of time resolved Bloch oscillations of light waves in optical superlattice structures. The structures are series of coupled microcavities, which are grown in porous silicon with high control of optical parameters. A controlled linear gradient of refractive index along the growth direction was maintained to tilt the photonic band gap of the superlattice. This is in perfect analogy to the tilted electronic miniband structure of a semiconductor in an electric field. In this way an optical Wannier-Stark ladder of equidistant optical modes was formed. Their frequency separation defines the period of the photon Bloch oscillations. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with transfer matrix calculations. The observed phenomenon is the optical counterpart of the well known electronic Bloch oscillations. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regulatory genes of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) controlling the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules and arbuscular mycorrhiza: A review of basic and applied aspects (2007)

The review sums up the long experience of the authors and other researchers in studying the genetic system of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), which controls sthe development of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhiza. A justified phenotypic classification of pea mutants is presented. Progress in identifying and cloning symbiotic genes is adequately reflected. The feasibility of using double inoculation as a means of increasing the plant productivity is demonstrated, in which the potential of a tripartite symbiotic system (pea plants-root nodule bacteria-arbuscular mycorrhiza) is mobilized.
Variation Aware Design of Post-Silicon Tunable Clock Buffer (2014)

Process variation is a major limiting factor in designing high performance circuits in advanced CMOS technologies. Over optimizing data paths to provide adequate design margin is leading to increased area and power overhead. In this work, we present a variation aware design of Post-Silicon Tunable (PST) clock buffers to redistribute clock skew and mitigate impact of process variation on chip performance. Conventional PST buffers are designed for linear delay values. We estimate a set of non-linear delay intervals of PST buffer based on slack variation in each critical path. The configuration device sizes are mapped to the non-linear delay intervals using a set of equality conditions and solved using Linear Programming (LP). The variation aware device sizing provides many small delay intervals within one standard deviation of slack distribution and fewer large delay intervals to compensate for larger slack variations. This helps in optimal tuning of PST buffers to fix hold time, as well as better skew distribution to achieve maximum possible performance in a chip. The proposed PST buffer design technique was implemented for ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits. Non-linear delay PST buffers improve performance binning yield by more than 4%. They also provide optimum buffer circuits with an area reduction of 30% and leakage power reduction of 20%. The proposed technique can be implemented by designing dedicated buffers for each critical path or using a smaller set of pre-designed buffers with non-linear delay values.
On Guaranteeing Capture Safety in At-Speed Scan Testing with Broadcast-Scan-Based Test Compression (2013)

Capture safety has become a major concern in at-speed scan testing since strong power supply noise caused by excessive launch switching activity (LSA) at transition launching in an at-speed test cycle often results in severe timing-failure-induced yield loss. Recently, a basic RM (rescue-&-mask) test generation scheme was proposed for guaranteeing capture safety rather than merely reducing LSA to some extent. This paper extends the basic RM scheme to broadcast-scan-based test compression by uniquely solving two test-compression-induced problems, namely (1) input X-bit insufficiency (i.e., fewer input X-bits are available for LSA reduction due to test compression) and (2) output X-bit impact (i.e., output X-bits may reduce fault coverage due to test response compaction). This leads to the broadcast-RM (broadcast-scan-based rescue-&-mask) test generation scheme. Evaluations on large benchmark circuits and an industrial circuit of about 1M gates clearly demonstrate that this novel scheme can indeed guarantee capture safety in at-speed scan testing with broadcast-scan-based test compression while minimizing its impact on both test quality and test costs.
A Facile Synthesis of (+)-Tecomanine Using a Chiral Cyclopentane Derivative (1987)

1 -Carvone was efficiently converted into a chiral cyclopentane derivative ( 3 ) .whlch was utilized as a starting material in the synthesis of (+I-tecomanine ( 9 1 successfully. Chiral cyclopentane derivatives have widely been employed as important starting
Collaborative Refinery: A Collaborative Information Workspace for the World Wide Web (1997)

The conceptual framework of a new system, Collaborative Refinery, is motivated by a scenario involving the creation of an FAQ. The scenario introduces the concepts of collecting, culling, organizing and distilling. Distilling is a specialized form of collaborative authoring with support for content selection and genre. The Web-based user interface supporting access to the four conceptual functions is presened in detail. As well, the system architecture and a current implementation are described in detail. Several research directions are discussed with respect to Collaborative Refinery. Collaborative Refinery is related to prior research in personal information management, collaborative authoring, and shared workspaces.
Resolving the micro-heterogeneity and structural integrity of monoclonal antibodies by hybrid mass spectrometric approaches (2017)

For therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), detailed analysis of the structural integrity and heterogeneity, which results from multiple types of post-translational modifications (PTMs), is relevant to various processes, including product characterization, storage stability and quality control. Despite the recent rapid development of new bioanalytical techniques, it is still challenging to completely characterize the proteoform profile of a mAb. As a nearly indispensable tool in mAb analysis, mass spectrometry (MS) provides unique structural information at multiple levels. Here, we tested a hybrid strategy for the comprehensive characterization of micro-heterogeneity by integrating 2 state-of-the-art MS-based approaches, high-resolution native MS and targeted glycan profiling, to perform complementary analysis at the intact protein level and released glycan level, respectively. We compared the performance of these methods using samples of engineered half-body IgG4s and a panel of mAbs approved for human use. The glycosylation characterization data derived from these approaches were found to be mutually consistent in composition profiling, and complementary in identification and relative-quantitation of low-abundant uncommon glycoforms. In addition, multiple other sources of micro-heterogeneity, such as glycation, lack of glycosylation, and loss of light chains, could be detected by this approach, and the contribution of multiple types of modifications to the overall micro-heterogeneity could be assessed using our superposition algorithm. Our data demonstrate that the hybrid strategy allows reliable and thorough characterization of mAbs, revealing product characteristics that would easily be missed if only a single approach were used.
Voltage stress predetermination for long-life design of windings for electric actuators in aircrafts (2015)

The more electric aircrafts require high specific power motors; on the other hand, the design must guarantee long lifetimes. Therefore, most of these motors are synchronous machines, working at high frequencies and made with a large number of coils placed on stator teeth. The Electrical Insulation System (EIS) must be designed for supporting repetitive voltage spikes imposed by modern PWM inverters. Today, most of inverters are built with standard silicon IGBT but, in the near future, faster electronic switches based on silicon-carbide will be used. Consequently the voltage slopes imposed to the motor winding will be much steeper. The paper proposes a method based on equivalent circuits able to predict the voltage spikes distribution in each coil of the motor during the fast transients that follow fast voltage fronts.
Relationship between jump landing kinematics and peak <scp>ACL</scp> force during a jump in downhill skiing: A simulation study (2013)

Recent data highlight that competitive skiers face a high risk of injuries especially during off-balance jump landing maneuvers in downhill skiing. The purpose of the present study was to develop a musculo-skeletal modeling and simulation approach to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between a perturbed landing position, i.e., joint angles and trunk orientation, and the peak force in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during jump landing. A two-dimensional musculo-skeletal model was developed and a baseline simulation was obtained reproducing measurement data of a reference landing movement. Based on the baseline simulation, a series of perturbed landing simulations (n = 1000) was generated. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine a relationship between peak ACL force and the perturbed landing posture. Increased backward lean, hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion as well as an asymmetric position were related to higher peak ACL forces during jump landing. The orientation of the trunk of the skier was identified as the most important predictor accounting for 60% of the variance of the peak ACL force in the simulations. Teaching of tactical decisions and the inclusion of exercise regimens in ACL injury prevention programs to improve trunk control during landing motions in downhill skiing was concluded.
BlobCR (2011)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud computing is gaining significant interest in industry and academia as an alternative platform for running scientific applications. Given the dynamic nature of IaaS clouds and the long runtime and resource utilization of such applications, an efficient checkpoint-restart mechanism becomes paramount in this context. This paper proposes a solution to the aforementioned challenge that aims at minimizing the storage space and performance overhead of checkpoint-restart. We introduce an approach that leverages virtual machine (VM) disk-image multi-snapshotting and multi-deployment inside checkpoint-restart protocols running at guest level in order to efficiently capture and potentially roll back the complete state of the application, including file system modifications. Experiments on the G5K testbed show substantial improvement for MPI applications over existing approaches, both for the case when customized checkpointing is available at application level and the case when it needs to be handled at process level.
Atlas of cardiovascular pathology for the clinician (2001)

Unprecedented advances have been made in the field of cardiovascular pathology, requiring healthcare professionals to stay informed of the latest techniques, concepts, research and treatment options in order to effectively care for their patients. Edited by Dr. Bruce McManus and Dr. Eugene Braunwald, the Atlas of Cardiovascular Pathology provides the reader with a comprehensive, visually-striking presentation of all aspects of cardiovascular pathology. Over 700 superb illustrations, published alongside brief, explanatory text, fully explain difficult concepts and procedures in a clear and definitive fashion. The Atlas of Cardiovascular Pathology contains the latest information to provide a fundamental understanding of topics such as coronary anomalies, myocarditis, pathology of arrhythmias, and diseases of the aorta. A variety of images including graphs, waveforms, gross and microscopic pathologic changes, plus the results of clinical trials and algorithms, have been carefully selected and professionally prepared to provide you with an unsurpassable reference you will turn to time and time again.
A fast vibro-acoustic response analysis method for double wall structures including a viscothermal air layer (2000)

The damping behaviour of a thin air layer between two flexible panels can be used to reduce sound radiation of structural excited panels. The numerical model of the double wall panels takes into account full acousto-elastic interaction and viscothermal wave propagation in the air layer. This means that the resulting system matrices are complex and frequency dependent which makes it difficult to perform response calculations. In this paper a very efficient calculation method is presented which is based on the superposition of uncoupled structural and acoustic eigenmodes. The frequency dependent behaviour is implemented by updating the reduced acoustic submatrices for each frequency step. The method is successfully implemented in the B2000 processor B2FRF.
Propulsion Systems Panel deliberations (1993)

The Propulsion Systems Panel was established because of the specialized nature of many of the materials and structures technology issues related to propulsion systems. This panel was co-chaired by Carmelo Bianca, MSFC, and Bob Miner, LeRC. Because of the diverse range of missions anticipated for the Space Transportation program, three distinct propulsion system types were identified in the workshop planning process: liquid propulsion systems, solid propulsion systems and nuclear electric/nuclear thermal propulsion systems.
Video files and multistage attacks: (Im)possible? (2014)

It is a general belief that executable creates more security risk than any other file types. So most of host based as well as network based security systems are not programed to detect threats in non-executable files. These non-executable files includes images, movies and other document files like office or pdf files. Moreover, the non-executable files like movies are of very huge size, which prevents these scanners from scanning these files, since it will take more processing power as well as delays the mission critical process. But these non-executable files are constantly used by all users. These users may be naive or professional users. So it is very much important for us to understand whether these could be a security risk for a mission critical system or not. In recent security breaches, attackers are focusing on the usage of these non-executable files to initiate Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) or multistage attacks. In this paper, we are analyzing a video file, downloaded from a popular torrent website. Finally, we are extracting the malicious content embedded into it. After analyzing, we have found that the file contains malicious link through which another executable gets downloaded into the host machine. This could be considered as a first stage in multistage attack. This is used for initiating targeted attacks based on victim's interest. Here we are also coming to a conclusion that the multistage attacks are not a totally new method to compromise a system. In this paper we are explaining one of the method followed by the attacker. Here the aim of the attacker was to infect machines with an adware.
Democracy, design, and development in community content creation: Lessons from the StoryBank Project (2009)

Mobile and Web 2.0 technology have the very real potential to democratize the creation and sharing of multimedia content in developing communities, even beyond the levels currently seen in community radio and television. In this article, we report the ªndings of an exercise to test this potential in partnership with a Budikote village in southern India. We show how a system called StoryBank supported the creation of short digital stories on a text-free camera phone, and how these stories could be shared through a community repository and touch-screen display. Despite the success of a ªeld trial in which 137 stories were created and shared over a one-month period, various technical and social factors meant that the devices and content were more hierarchically managed and controlled than expected. The implications of these experiences for rural development and community-centered design are discussed.
Parking space occupancy detection utilizing 3D reconstruction techniques. (2012)

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. March 2012. Major: Computer science. Advisor: Vassilios Morellas. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 85 pages.
Coverage Patterns for the Molniya Orbit and Iridium Constellations in Real Time with the STK (2004)

In this paper, we are going to introduce a brief discussion about communication or coverage patterns in different kinds of orbits. In most cases, the type of orbit chosen for the satellite is very important for the mission objectives. In addition, the design of the satellite communication link depends on certain subsystems such as antennas, transponders, receivers, etc. The determination of a good satellite communication architecture depends on various perturbations, and scattering and loss of information in the transmission. In order to analyze and visualize the movement of the satellites around the Earth in real time, we used the Satellite Tool Kit (STK) software from Analytical Graphics Inc. (AGI). In this analysis, we used the low-earth orbit (LEO) and the Molniya orbit to introduce the efficiency of the software. In summary, we are going to demonstrate the different architecture of communication for the satellites and the coverage patterns for the satellites in real time.