gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Visual Interpretation of Small Ensembles in Microarray Analysis (2006)

Many different classification models and techniques have been employed on gene expression data. These computational methods are in rapid and continuous evolution and there is no clear consensus on which methods are best to cope with the complex microarray data analysis. Currently ensembles of classifiers are regarded as one of the best classification techniques as they can achieve excellent classification accuracy in comparison to single classifiers methods. One of their main drawbacks is their incomprehensibility. This paper addresses the important issue of the tradeoff between accuracy and comprehensibility when building ensembles and proposes a novel visual technique for interactive interpretation of the knowledge from the small ensembles consisting of only a few decision trees. This way we can achieve better accuracy compared to single classifier, but still maintain a certain level of comprehensibility in small ensembles. The results show that our small ensembles outperform the single classifiers and still retain comprehensibility. Our study also points out that in order to take advantage of our proposed method we need more effective small ensemble building techniques
An annotated bibliography on microprogramming II (1973)

This bibliography contains an annotated list of publications (excluding patents) related to microprogramming. Our objective was to prepare a supplement to existing, generally available bibliographies such as those previously published in the SIGMICRO Newsletter ("An Annotated Bibliography on Microprogramming I, Late 1969-Early 1972" by L.H. Jones et al and the Mitre Bibliography by J.A. Clapp et al) and the bibliographies in Husson, S.S., "Microprogramming: Principles and Practices," Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1970). We have attempted to identify papers which have appeared in earlier versions by giving references to entries in "An Annotated Bibliography on Microprogramming I" abbreviated simply as I.
Effects of thrombopoietin on the number and diameter of marrow megakaryocytes of mice. (1983)

A thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) from kidney cell culture medium was injected into mice, and the number and size of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow were determined. For controls, other mice were injected with saline, normal rabbit serum (NRS), or rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS). Both TSF and RAMPS caused significant (P less than 0.0005) increases in the number and diameter of marrow megakaryocytes 2-3 days later. Increases in average megakaryocyte number per high-powered field ranged from 30-191%, while increases in average megakaryocyte diameter in the same mice ranged from 17-45%. After applying the multiple counting correction factor, increases of 6-100% in the number of megakaryocytes were observed. Although the mice injected with RAMPS, to make them thrombocytopenic, showed greater increases in marrow megakaryocyte numbers and sizes than mice injected with TSF, the results demonstrate that TSF from kidney cell cultures stimulated megakaryocytopoiesis.
Effect of CO<sub>2</sub> inhalation on arterial pressure, ECG and plasma catecholamines and 17-OH corticosteroids in normal man (1960)

Twelve male volunteers inspired concentrations of carbon dioxide in oxygen ranging from 7% to 14% for periods of 10– 20 minutes. Respiratory minute volume, arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OH corticosteroids were increased in every subject during hypercarbia. Abnormal cardiac rhythm was infrequently observed. Following substitution of oxygen for the carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture, the altered measurements returned to normal over a period of roughly 10 minutes. Neither marked hypotension nor cardiac arrhythmia was observed after correction of hypercarbia. Submitted on January 8, 1960
Stabilité et isochronisme dans les cyclotrons à champ magnétique étoilé (1959)

La correspondance qui existe entre un champ magnétique et le réseau des trajectoires d'équilibre d'une particule dans ce champ résulte de deux facteurs que l'on peut disjoindre : un facteur géométrique (forme du réseau) et un facteur cinématique (loi des vitesses successives sur les courbes de ce réseau). On peut alors, pour chaque trajectoire, définir 2 scalaires : k2 attaché uniquement à la forme géométrique, k attaché uniquement à la loi de vitesse ; la stabilité horizontale et verticale est caractérisée par 0 < k < k2. L'écriture de la compatibilité entre l'isochronisme et la stabilité en découle, et met en évidence un facteur de compatibilité γ qui rend compte aussi bien de la convergence forte. κ 2 et γ sont donnés par des intégrales cycliques de forme très simple, permettant l'examen qualitatif et quantitatif des facteurs pratiques (forme du champ, nombre des secteurs).
Theoretical Description of the Influence of External Radial Fields on the Electroosmotic Flow in Capillary Electrophoresis (1996)

The effect of applying a radial voltage on the electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis has been studied from a theoretical point of view. Based on Stern's model for the electric double layer on the surface of a fused silica capillary and on the Gouy-Chapman theory for the diffuse layer, equations describing the relation between the electroosmotic mobility and the radial electric field were derived. The thickness of the stagnant solution layer on the surface of the capillary, an important parameter in the calculations, was estimated from the electroosmotic mobility found in high-pH solutions. The theory developed predicts the experimental findings that the effect of the radial field levels off at high applied voltages and that it is smaller when the electroosmotic mobility without radial field is already high. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data taken from the literature. A good quantitative agreement was found.
Network-adaptive high definition MPEG-2 streaming over IEEE 802.11a WLAN using frame-based prioritized packetization (2005)

In this paper, we propose a practical implementation of network-adaptive HD (high definition) MPEG-2 streaming using frame-based prioritized packetization over the IEEE 802.11a WLAN (wireless local area network). The proposed adaptive streaming system nicely provides frame-based prioritized packetization by developing a real-time MPEG-2 TS (transport stream) parsing tool. It then dynamically performs priority-based droppings of packets according to the network status observed by end-to-end monitoring. The implemented system thus can mitigate the long-term fluctuations of time-varying channel only with negligible delays. Evaluation results over an IEEE 802.11a WLAN testbed are provided to verify the intended QoS adaptation capability.
Study of Breakdown Fields of Oxides Grown on Reactive Ion Etched Silicon Surface: Improvement of Breakdown Limits by Oxidation of the Surface (1983)

The oxide breakdown field is known to be low if the silicon surface prior to oxidation was treated by reactive ion etching (RIE) in or other ambient with high Si etching rate. It is believed that the early breakdown is due to poor morphology of Si surface, viz. pores and spikes caused by RIE and associated inhomogeneities of the electric field in the oxides grown on such surface. In the present work, a method to upgrade the oxide to a device quality is suggested. The method consists in growth of a thin sacrificial oxide and its chemical removal prior to gate oxidation. For example, with the sacrificial oxide as thin as 180Å, this process results in improving the breakdown field from 4 to approximately 6 MV/cm. Growth of sacrificial oxide about 600Å thick yields a breakdown field as high as that of oxides grown on virgin silicon wafers.
Bayesian diagnosis and prognosis using instrument uncertainty (2006)

How can diagnosis and prognosis systems be improved in the presence of uncertainty in test results? How can these uncertainties be identified and modeled? Can diagnosis be improved as a result of understanding these uncertainties? These questions represent the core problems to be explored in this paper. Specifically, we explore the process by which instrument uncertainty can be used to determine conditional probabilities of potential diagnoses given test results generated by these instruments. We then use that information to construct "Bayesian belief networks" with specific goal of maximizing diagnostic accuracy while minimizing construction complexity, and computational complexity. We then extend the ideas presented for Bayesian diagnosis to the prognostic, or predictive diagnostic problem
Traditional therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: an evidence-based appraisal. (2003)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic disease that adversely effects quality of life and is associated with substantial direct and indirect health care costs. It is defined by a constellation of symptoms in conjunction with an alteration in bowel function and defecation, and its underlying pathophysiological basis remains unknown. Numerous therapies are available, but many relieve only one symptom of the syndrome, and their effectiveness has not been demonstrated with adequate evidence from high-quality studies. This article reviews the criteria for appropriate design of any treatment study as well as those criteria specific to studies of treatment for functional gastrointestinal diseases. Using these criteria, the author evaluates the published investigations of "traditional" IBS therapies (antidepressants, bulking agents/fiber, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals) and "alternative" IBS therapies (Chinese herbal supplements, peppermint oil, behavioral therapies). Based on this evaluation, the author concludes that the available evidence does not support the effectiveness of any of these treatments and, therefore, none of these treatments can be reliably recommended.
Development of enteric coated sustained release minitablets containing mesalamine (2013)

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a multiparticulate modified release system, composed of minitablets with a sustained release matrix system coated with a pH-dependent release polymer, using mesalamine as a model drug. Polyox® WSR 1105 was the polymer used in the matrix system and Eudragit® L30D55 was used as a pH-dependent polymer. The minitablets (with 20%, 30% or 40% Polyox® concentration) were prepared by dry granulation, which led to good quality minitablets. The developed minitablets were coated in a fluidized bed at 8% of the coating level. Dissolution studies were performed in media that simulated the gastrointestinal tract (pH 1.4, 6.0 and 7.2) and showed that formulations with higher Polyox® concentrations were capable of retaining the drug release in pH 1.4. All formulations prolonged the drug release and presented zero-order kinetic behaviour. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model demonstrated that formulations with 20% or 30% of polymer exhibited anomalous transport behaviour, whilst the 40% sample exhibited super case II model transportation. Dissolution efficiency showed that only the formulations containing 20% and 40% polymer could be considered statistically different.
Optimal interpolating windowed discrete Fourier transform algorithms for harmonic analysis in power systems (2003)

An interpolating windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT) has been used to eliminate the errors caused by the leakage and picket fence effects associated with use of a conventional DFT. An interpolating algorithm eliminates the errors caused by the picket fence effect, and the errors produced by the leakage effect are reduced by windowing the signals. The precision of the harmonic analysis and the implementation of the interpolating algorithm are both affected by the choice of window function. The leakage effect of a conventional DFT and the windowed DFT are analysed. A method to construct optimal window functions and the corresponding interpolation algorithms is presented. Simulation results show that the interpolating windowed DFT algorithms have a high accuracy and are easy to implement and they are therefore useful tools for precise and practical harmonics evaluation in power systems.
BALLISTIC EQUATIONS FOR ARTILLERY SHELLS (1962)

This is a part of the final report on University of Illinois Project No. 46-22-60-311, "Artillery Carriage Dynamics Study," delivered by the University of Illinois pursuant to Contract No. DA-11-022-508-ORD-3505. The purpose of this report is to derive a set of equations describing the motion of artillery shells for convenient solution by computer.
Estimation of plasma and urinary hemoglobin by a rate spectrophotometric method. (1993)

A method is described for estimating plasma and urinary hemoglobin concentrations as low as 3 mg/L. The assay measures at 528 nm the rate of peroxidation of chlorpromazine by hemoglobin and is not affected by ascorbate and bilirubin concentrations up to 500 mumol/L. Results by this method (mean +/- SD: 54.4 +/- 41.6 mg/L; n = 19) correlated well with those by a scanning spectrophotometric method (52.5 +/- 41.6 mg/L; r = 0.96) and a Coulter Instrument method (r = 0.99; Coulter method: 125 +/- 15 g/L; rate method: 122 +/- 15 g/L; n = 10, r = 0.99). The correlation for assays of 20 plasma samples by our method and a tetramethylbenzidine method was also good (r = 0.95) though the latter gave lower results (31.1 +/- 31.6 mg/L) than the chlorpromazine method (50.9 +/- 41.1 mg/L). The chlorpromazine rate method gave an intra- and interday CV of 7.9% and 9.7%, respectively, at a hemoglobin concentration of 31 mg/L.
A failure to find socially mediated taste aversion learning in Norway rats (R. norvegicus). (1983)

Observer rats interacted with conspecific demonstrators immediately after demonstrators ate a novel diet and were made ill by LiCl injection. Following their interaction with demonstrators, observers were tested for aversion to their ill demonstrator's diet. Previous research has shown that (a) an observer can extract information from a demonstrator sufficient to permit identification of the demonstrator's diet (Galef & Wigmore, 1983) and (b) a rat ill from LiCl toxicosis is an adequate unconditioned stimulus in a taste aversion learning paradigm (Lavin, Freise, & Coombes, 1980). Further, two of the present experiments demonstrated that cues emitted by a rat, reflecting the particular diet it has eaten, are an adequate conditional stimulus in a toxicosis-induced aversion learning situation. Observer avoidance of a diet previously ingested by an ill demonstrator was, however, not demonstrated. The implications of the failure to find socially mediated aversion learning are discussed.
Headroom and legroom in the 80960 architecture (2002)

Designing with a 32-bit processor requires a major investment of both hardware and software resources. Companies today rarely introduce successful 'one size fits all' products, but rather must design several products with varying degrees of features, performance and cost, to satisfy the marketplace. Once a decision is made on a 32-bit processor, it is highly desirable that this processor fit the needs of these end products across the price/feature/cost range. The Intel 80960 architecture satisfies this need by providing products which are code compatible and span a wide range of performance needs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Provably Optimal Algorithms for Generalized Linear Contextual Bandits (2017)

Contextual bandits are widely used in Internet services from news recommendation to advertising, and to Web search. Generalized linear models (logistical regression in particular) have demonstrated stronger performance than linear models in many applications where rewards are binary. However, most theoretical analyses on contextual bandits so far are on linear bandits. In this work, we propose an upper confidence bound based algorithm for generalized linear contextual bandits, which achieves an $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{dT})$ regret over $T$ rounds with $d$ dimensional feature vectors. This regret matches the minimax lower bound, up to logarithmic terms, and improves on the best previous result by a $\sqrt{d}$ factor, assuming the number of arms is fixed. A key component in our analysis is to establish a new, sharp finite-sample confidence bound for maximum-likelihood estimates in generalized linear models, which may be of independent interest. We also analyze a simpler upper confidence bound algorithm, which is useful in practice, and prove it to have optimal regret for certain cases.
Turn-on jitter in nearly single-mode injection lasers (1986)

Computer modeling confirms recent experimental observations and shows that photon absorption and spontaneous emission cause as much as 50-60 ps jitter in the turn-on time delay of lasers with large mode-suppression ratios. Careful selection of the bias point can reduce this jitter to about 12 ps. Statistics are presented for the expected power level at fixed sampling time during the turn-on, and for the fluctuation in time delay for the laser power to rise to one-half the equilibrium power output.
Pose clustering with density estimation and structural constraints (2003)

This paper describes a statistical framework for object alignment by pose clustering. The idea underlying pose clustering is to transform the alignment process from the image domain to that of the appropriate transformation parameters. It commence by taking k-tuples from the primitive-sets for the model and the data. The size of the k-tuples is such that there are sufficient measurements available to estimate the full-set of transformation parameters. By pairing each k-tuple in the model and each k-tuple in the data, a set of transformation parameter estimates or alignment votes is accumulated. The work reported here draws on three ideas. Firstly, we estimate maximum likelihood alignment parameters by using the the EM algorithm to fit a mixture model to the set of transformation parameter votes. Secondly, we control the order of the underlying structure model using a minimum description length criterion. Finally, we limit problems of combinatorial background by imposing structural constraints on the k-tuples.
Management of Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut With Prothioconazole Applied Alone or in Combination With Tebuconazole or Trifloxystrobin (2008)

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in Tifton and Plains, GA in 2001–2007 to determine the efficacy of prothioconazole on early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). In five of six experiments, application of one or both rates (0.18 and 0.20 kg ai/ha) of prothioconazole in sprays 3–6 (chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha in sprays 1, 2, and 7) provided leaf spot control superior to tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) in a similar regime, and superior to chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha applied full season (seven times) in four of six experiments. In a similar series of six experiments, application of 0.085 kg ai/ha of prothioconazole + 0.17 kg ai/ha of tebuconazole provided better leaf spot control than tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) applied in regimes similar to those described above. Leaf spot control with prothioconazole + tebuconazole was similar to chlorothalonil applied at 1.26 kg ai/ha full season in five of eight experiments, but was less effective in the remaining three experiments. Fungicide effects on yield were inconsistent, but in all experiments, yield response with either rate of prothioconazole was similar to or greater than that obtained with 0.23 kg ai/ha tebuconazole on the same schedule. In a third series of four experiments, full-season (seven sprays) application of mixtures of prothioconazole at 0.063 kg ai/ha with trifloxystrobin at 0.063 kg ai/ha gave similar or better leaf spot control than chlorothalonil full season.
Gene amplification as a prognostic factor in primary brain tumors. (1998)

The most reliable prognostic factors for patients with primary malignant brain tumors remain histology, age, and functional status. Management of these individuals might be improved by quantifying pertinent molecular markers. We have measured the gene dosage of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) genes in a series of brain tumor specimens and correlated their amplification status with standard prognostic factors and survival. Individual tumor DNA was successively hybridized with probes for EGFR, MDM2, and CDK4. The signal was quantified by densitometry, and amplification was defined as gene signal > or = 2 times normal. Survival, age, Karnofsky performance status, and histology were correlated with gene amplification. Nineteen astrocytomas, 20 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 70 glioblastomas had complete data available. Median survival with and without any form of gene amplification was 70.7 and 88.6 weeks, respectively (P = 0.0369). For the EGFR gene alone, those with and without amplification had a median survival of 58.9 and 88.6 weeks, respectively (P = 0.0104). By Cox analysis, only tumor histology (P = 0.04) and Karnofsky performance status (P = 0.0157) were significant independent predictors of survival. Gene amplification by itself was not predictive of survival, even for glioblastomas (P = 0.8249). The lack of correlation between gene amplification and survival for patients with primary malignant brain tumors may be because EGFR, MDM2, and CDK4 are only portions of larger signaling systems. Therefore, the lack of a direct correlation between a single gene and outcome is not entirely unexpected.
Effective Masking Levels for Bone Conduction Auditory Steady State Responses in Infants and Adults Run down Normal Hearing (2011)

Our findings indicate that there are frequency- and level-dependent infant-adult differences in EMLs for bone conduction ASSRs and confirm that a 1000 Hz stimulus is 12 dB more effective for infants compared with adults. The following infant preliminary masking levels for bone conduction stimuli are recommended: (i) 1000 Hz: 48 and 58 dB SPL at 15 and 25 dB HL, respectively, and (ii) 4000 Hz: 40 and 45 dB SPL at 25 and 35 dB HL, respectively.
DNA Extraction Columns Contaminated with Murine Sequences (2011)

Sequences of the novel gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) have been described in human prostate cancer tissue, although the amounts of DNA are low. Furthermore, XMRV sequences and polytropic (p) murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) have been reported in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In assessing the prevalence of XMRV in prostate cancer tissue samples we discovered that eluates from naïve DNA purification columns, when subjected to PCR with primers designed to detect genomic mouse DNA contamination, occasionally gave rise to amplification products. Further PCR analysis, using primers to detect XMRV, revealed sequences derived from XMRV and pMLVs from mouse and human DNA and DNA of unspecified origin. Thus, DNA purification columns can present problems when used to detect minute amounts of DNA targets by highly sensitive amplification techniques.
Autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells improved heart function after myocardial infarction. (2004)

Autologous transplantation of MNCs induced angiogenesis and nerve sprouting and improved left ventricular diastolic function.
A DMSO‐sensitive conditional mutant of the fission yeast orthologue of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC13</i> gene is defective in septation (2001)

Dissection of complex processes using model organisms such as yeasts relies heavily upon the use of conditional mutants. We have generated a collection of fission yeast mutants sensitive to dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Among these we have found a mutant in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC13 gene, which fails to cleave the division septum. Generation of a null allele demonstrates that the S. pombe sec13 gene is essential.