gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disease-Specific Enteric Microbiome Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2018)

Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) is traditionally divided into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a relapsing non-transmural inflammatory disease that is restricted to the colon and is characterized by flare-ups of bloody diarrhea. CD is a chronic, segmental localized granulomatous disease that can affect any part of the entire gastrointestinal tract. Ileo-anal pouch is a procedure restoring functionality of the rectum after a colectomy. IBD is a multifactorial disease and flares of IBD are probably triggered by changes in the intestinal microbiota followed by an abnormal immune response. In this study, we aim to analyze the intestinal bacterial diversity in IBD patients during various stages of disease compared with healthy controls. Permission for human experiments and recruitment of participants was obtained from the Ethic Committee for Copenhagen County hospitals (Permission no. KA-03019, Permission no. KA-20060159). Stools from 26 healthy controls, 42 CD, 38 UC and 18 pouch patients were collected. Stool DNA extraction was performed using Qiagen, DNA mini stool kit Denmark. DGGE-PCR amplifying the V2-V3 region of 16S-rDNA gene of the bacteria was amplified by universal primers HDA1 and HDA2. Analysis of DGGE was performed blinded using BioNumerics version 7.5. After normalization, a DGGE gel band matching was performed. The similarities between profiles were calculated with a ranked Pearson correlation coefficient based on the band matching results using band intensities. Simpson's index of diversity and Pielou's species evenness were calculated. Based on the Shannon Diversity Index, UC patients had lower species diversity and bacterial evenness in comparison to healthy persons, <i>p</i> < 0.05. However, only CD and disease pouch patients had lower species diversity compared to those with inactive disease and healthy controls. Well-functioning pouch patients had decreased species evenness in comparison to diseased pouch patients and control group. During the active disease stage in CD and pouch, the patients have a low bacterial diversity in their gut when compared to the inactive stage. In UC patients, a generally low diversity was observed at all stages of the disease compared to healthy controls.
Untersuchung des Sputter-Ätzens auf die Eigenschaften von PVD-CrN Hartstoffschichten auf Magnesium AZ91hp (2002)

Eine gängige Methode, zu beschichtende Oberflächen von Verunreinigungen zu befreien und die Adhäsionseigenschaften von PVD-Schichten zu verbessern, ist das sogenannte Sputter-Ätzen vor dem eigentlichen PVD-Beschichtungsprozess. Beim Sputter-Ätzen wird der Beschichtungsprozess umgekehrt und die Oberfläche des Substrates selbst wird gesputtert. Im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung wurden vor der Abscheidung von PVD-CrN Schichten die Substrate der Magnesium Druckgusslegierung AZ91 unterschiedlichen Ätzzeiten unterzogen und deren jeweiliger Einfluss auf die Grenzfläche Schicht-Grundwerkstoff, auf die Schichtoberfläche und auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des beschichteten Systems hin untersucht. Die Grenzflächenuntersuchungen wurden mit tiefenaufgelöster XPS und mit SIMS durchgeführt. Die Oberflächen wurden mit hochauflösender Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und AFM untersucht. Die Charakterisierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften beinhaltet Schichtdicke, Schichthärte, Härtetiefenprofile, Schichthaftung, Schichteigenspannungen und die Schichtstruktur. Es wurden zum Teil sehr starke Eigenschaftsänderungen mit zunehmender Ätzzeit festgestellt. Dies betrifft vor allem einige mechanische Eigenschaften sowie die Oberflächenrauheit der beschichteten Systeme. Beim Schichtsystem AZ91-Cr/CrN führen längere Ätzzeiten zu einer Verbesserung der Schichtqualitäten. Investigating the Influence of the Sputter Etching Process on the Properties of PVD-CrN Coatings on Magnesium Die Cast Alloy AZ91hp A common method prior to the PVD deposition is the sputter etching process of the substrate itself to clean the surface from adhesion products and to improve the coating adhesion. This report deals with the sputter etching of magnesium die cast alloy AZ91hp to investigate the influences on the coating-substrate interface, the surface properties and the mechanical properties of PVD-CrN hard coatings. The coating-substrate interface of the Cr-AZ91 coating systems was investigated with XPS and SIMS. Surface studies were carried out by high resolution electron microscopy and AFM. The characterization of the mechanical properties of the CrN-AZ91 compound systems includes thickness, coating hardness and hardness depth profiles, coating adhesion, structure and residual stresses. Some properties show a strong dependency of the etching time, especially the mechanical properties and the coating roughness. Increasing etching times lead to an improvement of the coating quality.
Ein molekular definierter, oberflächengebundener Katalysator zur Olefin‐Metathese aus Tris(neopentyl)nitridomolybdän(<scp>VI</scp>) (1996)

Durch 1,2‐Addition von SOH‐Gruppen auf SO 2 ‐Oberflächen an die MoN‐Gruppe der Titelverbindung und anschließende α‐Eliminierung von Neopentan bildet sich die katalytisch aktive Oberflächenverbindung I . Dies ist der erste Fall, bei dem ein alkylierter Komplex die Heterogenisierung in molekular klar definierter Weise durchläuft. Der immobilisierte Katalysator 1 ist in Ringöffnungs‐Metathesepolymerisationen wesentlich aktiver als der molekulare Vorläufer. magnified image
Green Fluorescent Diamidines as Diagnostic Probes for Trypanosomes (2013)

Light-emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy offers potential benefits in the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis and in other aspects of diseases management, such as detection of drug-resistant strains. To advance such approaches, reliable and specific fluorescent markers to stain parasites in human fluids are needed. Here we describe a series of novel green fluorescent diamidines and their suitability as probes with which to stain trypanosomes.
A Metric for Characterization of Multifunctional Fuel Cell Designs (2011)

The U.S. Army has investigated a variety of multifunctional designs in order to achieve system level mass and/or volume savings. One of the multifunctional devices developed is the multifunctional fuel cell (MFC)—a fuel cell which simultaneously provides a system with structural support and power generation. However, there are no established methods for measuring how well a particular design performs or its multifunctional advantage. The current paper presents a metric by which multifunctional fuel cell designs can be characterized. The mechanical aspect of the metric is based on the specific bending stiffness of the structural cell and is developed using Frostig’s high-order theory. The electrical component of the metric is based on the specific power density achieved by the structural cell. The structural systems considered here display multifunctional efficiencies ranging from 22% to 69%. The higher efficiency was obtained by optimizing the contact pressure at the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a model cell design. The efficiencies obtained suggest the need for improved multifunctional designs in order to reach system level mass savings.
THE IMPACT OF BELTWAYS ON CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS: A CASE STUDY OF RICHMOND (1978)

To what extent can a circumferential highway affect retail activity in the central business district it surrounds? Do anticipated travel demands justify construction of such highways? Through a case study of Richmond, Virginia, the authors investigate these issues, which are of significance to many cities contemplating beltway construction. Muller et al. compare the rates of suburbanization in six other medium-sized cities--three with beltways and three without. They find that the proportion of central business district sales declined more rapidly in the areas with beltways, confirming the findings from earlier beltway impact studies. In the case of Richmond, evidence suggests that the beltway would not change total business activity in the region as a whole. However, the beltway would accelerate a decline in population, jobs, tourist trade, and retail trade in the central city by attracting new commercial development to suburban areas served by the highway. Demographic and traffic trends indicate that only marginal traffic reduction through downtown Richmond would be expected upon completion of the circumferential. As a consequence of this study, commissioned by the city, Richmond officials opposed further beltway construction, but state officials are proceeding with its development. (Urban Institute)
Unconventional Anomalous Hall Effect Enhanced by a Noncoplanar Spin Texture in the Frustrated Kondo Lattice<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Pr</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ir</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2007)

We have investigated the Hall effect in the geometrically frustrated Kondo lattice Pr2Ir2O7. In its spin-liquid-like paramagnetic regime, the Hall resistivity rho(xy) is found to increase logarithmically on cooling. Moreover, in this low temperature region, the field dependence of the Hall conductivity sigma(xy) shows a large enhancement up to 30 Omega(-1) cm(-1) as well as a nonmonotonic change with the magnetization. Our results are far different from the anomalous Hall effect due to the spin-orbit coupling observed in ordinary magnetic conductors. We discuss the possible spin-chirality effect in the Ir 5d conduction band due to the noncoplanar texture of Pr<111> Ising-like moments.
Plasma assisted conversion of hydrocarbons for a green and envirionmental friendly energy transition (2014)

International audience
Potential side effect of propofol and sevoflurane for anesthesia of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis (2014)

In patients with anti-NMDA-R encephalitis, anesthesia using benzodiazepines, opiates and curares, which fail to interfere with the NMDA pathway, should be preferred.
3D modeling and dielectric characterization of geological profile. Application to the improvement of the study of moisture of grounds by radiometry (2005)

International audience
Human vibration exposure: Progress and problems in standardization (1981)

Over the last 15 years national and international interest in human whole-body vibration resulted in several guidelines and draft standards which are at various stages of adoption. The primary document is ISO 2631 (1978), “Guide for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration,” with several amendments and addenda. The most important ones of the latter are incorporated into the corresponding ANSI document, ANSI S3.18-1979, “American National Standard Guide for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration.” The advantages and shortcomings of these documents are discussed together with the proposals under study to update and extend these guidelines based on new laboratory and field data, to specific environments such as buildings, surface transportation vehicles, and ships. Open questions and areas which need further research will be covered in this introduction to the Session on Whole-Body Vibration.
Two theories with axioms built by means of pleonasms (1957)

This paper contains examples T 1 and T 2 of theories which answer the following questions: (1) Does there exist an essentially undecidable theory with a finite number of non-logical constants which contains a decidable, finitely axiomatizable subtheory? (2) Does there exist an undecidable theory categorical in an infinite power which has a recursive set of axioms? (Cf. [2] and [3].) The theory T 1 represents a modification of a theory described by Myhill [7]. The common feature of theories T 1 and T 2 is that in both of them pleonasms are essential in the construction of the axioms. Let T 1 be a theory with identity = which contains one binary predicate R ( x, y ) and is based on the axioms A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , C nm which follow. A 1 : x = x . A 2 : x = y ⊃ y = x . A 3 : x = y ∧ y = z ⊃ x = z . (Axioms of identity.) B 1 : R ( x, x ). B 2 : R ( x, y ) ⊃ R ( y, x ). B 3 : R ( x, y ) ∧ R ( y, z ) ⊃ R ( x, z ). (Axioms of equivalence.) B 4 : x = y ⊃ [ R ( z, x ) ≡ R ( z,y )]. Let φ n be the formula which express that there is an abstraction class of the relation R which has exactly n elements. Let f ( n ) and g ( n ) be two recursive functions which enumerate two recursively inseparable sets [5], and call these sets X 1 and X 2 . We now specify the axioms C mm . It is obvious that the set composed of the formulas A 1 −A 3 , B 1 −B 4 , C nm ( n,m = 1,2, …) is recursive. The theory T 1 is essentially undecidable; for if there were a complete and decidable extension T′ 1 (of it, then the recursive sets Z = { n : φ n is provable in T′ 1 } and Z ′ = { n : ∼ φ n is provable in T′ 1 } would separate the sets X 1 and X 2 .
Linear scheduling is close to optimality (2003)

This paper deals with the problem of finding optimal schedulings for uniform dependence algorithms. Given a convex domain, let T/sub f/ be the total time needed to execute all computations using the free (greedy) schedule and let T/sub l/ be the total time needed to execute all computations using the optimal linear schedule. The authors' main result is to bound T/sub l//T/sub f/ and T/sub l/-T/sub f/ for sufficiently 'fat' domains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Biocontainment Procedure for Intravital Microscopy of High-Risk Pathogens (2018)

Intravital multiphoton microscopy offers valuable spatio-temporal insight into studies of pathogen-host interactions. Although well established for studies with low-risk biohazard studies, the comp...
Joint Use of Traveling Wave Dielectrophoresis and AC-Electroosmosis for Particle Manipulation (2009)

Joint effect of traveling wave dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmotic fluid flow is used to sort bacteria from other particles and increase the bacteria output concentration in a microfluidic device. The device consists of a thin and long rectangular channel with two interdigitated electrode arrays, one at the bottom and one at the top of the channel, that are used to generate a nonuniform electric field. A four-phase signal at high frequency superposed on a low frequency signal is applied. At the end of the channel, the fluid is collected in two outputs: the bacteria are collected on one side and fluid without bacteria is collected on the other side. We have previously demonstrated a method to optimize cell separation using multiple frequency dielectrophoresis. The device presented here illustrates a novel use of multiple frequencies that permits the combined use of traveling wave dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmotic fluid flow.
Synthetic Applications of Stereodefined 2-Substituted 1-Silyl-1-stannylethenes: A New Synthesis of 5-Ethenyl-5′-(1-propynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene, a Naturally-Occurring Phototoxin) (1991)

Abstract (E)-2-(5-Trimenthylstannyl-2-thienyl)ethenyldimethylphenylsilane. (E)-8, which can be stereospecifically prepared from (Z)-1-dimethylphenylsilyl-2-(2-thienyl)-1-trimethylstannyl-ethene, (Z)-6, or from (E)-2-(2-thienyl)ethenyldimethylphenylsilane, (E)-9, serves as an equivalent to the 2-ethenylthiophene d 1', d 5-synthon, 20, in an efficient two-step synthesis of 5-ethenyl-5′-(1-propynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene, 10, a naturally-occurring phototoxin. In the first step of this synthesis compound (E)-8 undergoes a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with 2-iodo-5-(1-propynyl)thiophene, 16, and in th second step the so obtained cross-coupling product, (E)-17, undergoes a protodesilylation reaction.
Effect of freezing and thawing on the discoloration of tuna meat. (1988)

Discoloration profiles of unfrozen or frozen and thawed (“frozen/thawed”) meat of bluefin, yellowfin, and bigeye tunas during iced storage were examined, taking as parameters the metmyo-globin (metMb) to total Mb ratio (metMb%), solubility (extractability) of Mb, and Hunter color difference scale (L, a, and b values). During storage, metMb% rapidly increased, while Mb solubility and a value remarkably decreased, L and b values tending to increase. Discoloration of frozen/thawed meat generally proceeded faster than that of unfrozen meat during iced storage, irrespective of tuna species. No significant differences in discoloration profile were observed among surface, middle and inner portions of dorsal meat, and ventral meat. Bigeye tuna meat showed a quite slow discoloration, even after freezing and thawing. In the bluefin tuna meat which was pre-stored at -20° ?? -80°C for one month, followed by iced storage, the lower the pre-storage temperature was, the slower the rate of discoloration.
T cells, but not thymic exposure to HLA-B27, are required for the inflammatory disease of HLA-B27 transgenic rats (1996)

Rats transgenic for the human MHC class I gene HLA-B27 are susceptible to a spontaneous multisystem inflammatory disease that resembles human B27-associated disease. This disease requires a high level of expression of the B27 transgene product in cells of hemopoietic origin and can be adoptively transferred to B27 transgenic or nontransgenic rats by transplantation of bone marrow (BM) or fetal liver (FL) cells. To investigate the role played by T cells and the thymus in the disease process, we produced congenitally athymic rnu/rnu F344 rats carrying the disease-prone B27 transgenic locus of the 33-3 line. Transgenic nude rats were protected from disease manifestations. This protection was abated by reconstitution with T cells from euthymic donors of the 33-3 line, with CD4 T cells being more efficient than CD8 T cells in transferring disease. Lethally irradiated, adult-thymectomized (ATX), nontransgenic recipients reconstituted with intact BM, T cell-depleted BM, FL, or nude BM from syngeneic disease-prone lines all developed disease. Pretreatment of the ATX nontransgenic recipients to deplete T cells enhanced the subsequent transferred disease. The inflammatory disease of B27 transgenic rats is thus T cell-dependent. The relevant T cells do not need to encounter B27 in the thymus, and residual radioresistant and/or extrathymically derived host T cells are sufficient to mediate the adoptively transferred disease. The data are most consistent with a model of B27-mediated disease arising from a failure of tolerance and requiring a population of CD4 T cells.
Combustion Turbine Deposition Observations From Residual and Simulated Residual Oil Studies (1983)

Burning residual oil in utility combustion turbines and the consequent deposition on blades and vanes may adversely affect reliability and operation. Corrosion and deposition data for combustion turbine materials have been obtained through dynamic testing in pressurized passages. The deposition produced by the 1900°F (1038°C) combustion gases from a simulated and a real residual oil on cooled Udimet 500 surfaces is described. Higher deposition rates for the doped fuel than for the real residual oil raised questions of whether true simulation with this approach can be achieved. Particles 4–8 μm in diameter predominated in the gas stream, with some fraction in the 0.1–12 μm range. Deposition rates seemed to be influenced by thermophoretic delivery of small molten particles, tentatively identified as magnesium pyro and metavanadates and free vanadium pentoxide, which may act to bond the larger solid particles arriving by inertial impaction to turbine surfaces. Estimated maintenance intervals for current utility turbines operating with washed and treated residual oil agreed well with field experience.
pH-dependent nano-capturing of tartaric acid using dendrimers (2013)

The ability of dendrimers to bind to various target molecules through non-covalent interactions was used to capture water soluble organic reagents, such as tartaric acid (TA), from different matrices, i.e. aqueous solutions and wine samples. The influence of the pH, dendrimer type, generation and feeding concentration on the host-guest complexation of TA was investigated. The maximum binding capacity of TA in aqueous solutions was achieved by amine end-capped dendrimers at pH 5. At extreme pH values of 2 and 11, the binding of TA dropped strikingly, demonstrating the pH-dependency underlying the host-guest interactions. The linear correlation between the maximum binding capacity of TA at pH 5 and the number of primary amine groups on the surface of PAMAM and PPI dendrimers strongly indicated that host-guest complex formation between TA and dendrimers is largely dependent on electrostatic interactions. Molecular simulations confirmed the predominant electrostatic nature of the interactions between TA and the amine end-capped dendrimers and also provided important information on the spatial distribution of TA within the PAMAM G5 dendrimer. All these results designate dendrimers as potential nano-capturing systems for the removal/recovery of TA from complex matrices such as wine, industrial waste or fruit juices.
Astro2020 Science White Paper: Cosmology with a Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatory (2019)

There are two big questions cosmologists would like to answer -- How does the Universe work, and what are its origin and destiny? A long wavelength gravitational wave detector -- with million km interferometer arms, achievable only from space -- gives a unique opportunity to address both of these questions. A sensitive, mHz frequency observatory could use the inspiral and merger of massive black hole binaries as standard sirens, extending our ability to characterize the expansion history of the Universe from the onset of dark energy-domination out to a redshift z ~ 10. A low-frequency detector, furthermore, offers the best chance for discovery of exotic gravitational wave sources, including a primordial stochastic background, that could reveal clues to the origin of our Universe.
Three‐dimensional inversion of the induced polarization data for the relaxation model parameters (2004)

The analysis of IP phenomena is usually based on models with frequency dependent conductivity distributions. In this paper, we develop a new technique for determinating a 3‐D distribution of the relaxation model parameters based on IP data. The method is tested on synthetic models, and is also applied to a practical 3‐D IP survey. We demonstrated that both the electrical conductivity and the chargeabililty distributions, as well as the other parameters of the Cole‐Cole model can be used for the discrimination of the different types of mineralization, which is an important goal in mineral exploration.
Measurement of Electrostatic Properties of Polymers by Frictionally Charging Apparatus (1966)

高分子物質の摩擦帯電特性を測定するために摺動摩擦帯電測定装置を試作し,測定法を検討した。この装置は任意の雰囲気下,モーター軸にジョイントで接続した棒磁石(10mmφ×35mm, 8000Maxwell ) に付着させた一定量の鉄粉( 200mesh ) を定速度で摺動して試料表面を摩擦し,発生した電荷を回転セクター型電位計にて電位として測定するものである。試料は真空中3t/cm2の圧力で40mmφの円板状に成形したものを用いた。試料の化学構造,特に連鎖に導入された極性基と帯電特性との関係を飽和電荷の符号と大きさ,電荷生成曲線の形から検討することができた。帯電に最も影響する因子は雰囲気で,この種類,圧力によって飽和帯電量,電荷生成曲線の形状が著しく変化することを明らかにしたが,試料の履歴効果も極めて大きい。
Joint Frame Synchronization and Frequency Offset Estimation in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems (2013)

A novel method for frame synchronization and frequency offset estimation employing CAZAC sequences is demonstrated in a 256 Gb/s PDM-16QAM transmission system. The proposed algorithm is tolerant to residual CD, PMD, PDL and fast time-varying SOP rotation.