gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description of Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a root-lesion nematode associated with the dune grass Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (2006)

Abstract A root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n., is described and illustrated from Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, a grass occurring abundantly in coastal dunes of Atlantic Europe. The new species is characterised by medium sized (454-579 μ m) slender, vermiform, females and males having two lip annuli (sometimes three to four; incomplete incisures only visible with scanning electron microscopy), medium to robust stylet (ca 16 μ m) with robust stylet knobs slightly set off, long pharyngeal glands (ca 42 μ m), lateral field with four parallel, non-equidistant, lines, the middle ridge being narrower than the outer ones, lateral field with partial areolation and lines converging posterior to the phasmid which is located between the two inner lines of the lateral field in the posterior half of the tail, round spermatheca filled with round sperm, vulva at 78% of total body length and with protruding vulval lips, posterior uterine sac relatively short (ca 19 μ m), cylindrical tail (ca 33 μ m) narrowing in the posterior third with smooth tail tip and with conspicuous hyaline part (ca 2 μ m). Males occur abundantly and present similar characteristics except for smaller dimensions for all morphological characters, but the head region is more truncated in outline than the female, spicule length is ca 15 μ m and testis length is ca 195 μ m. Nucleotide sequences of the rDNA expansion region D2D3 differed from the morphologically similar species P. penetrans and P. brzeskii that also occur in coastal dunes. These differences are supported by PCR-RFLP of the ITS-rDNA. Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n. was also found parasitising roots of Elymus farctus Viv.
Adaptation of<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>to Ammonium Limitation: a Global Analysis Using Transcriptome and Proteome Techniques (2005)

Theresponse of Corynebacterium glutamicum to ammonium limitation was studied by transcriptional and proteome profiling of cells grown in a chemostat. Our results show that ammonium-limited growth of C. glutamicum results in a rearrangement of the cellular transport capacity, changes in metabolic pathways for nitrogen assimilation, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism, as well as a decreased cell division. Since transcription at different growth rates was studied, it was possible to distinguish specific responses to ammonium limitation and more general, growth rate-dependent alterations in gene expression. The latter include a number of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and genes for F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase subunits.
1.56 Å structure of mature truncated human fibroblast collagenase (1994)

The X-ray crystal structure of a 19 kDa active fragment of human fibroblast collagenase has been determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method and refined at 1.56 A resolution to an R-factor of 17.4%. The current structure includes a bound hydroxamate inhibitor, 88 waters and three metal atoms (two zincs and a calcium). The overall topology of the enzyme, comprised of a five stranded beta-sheet and three alpha-helices, is similar to the thermolysin-like metalloproteinases. There are some important differences between the collagenase and thermolysin families of enzymes. The active site zinc ligands are all histidines (His-218, His-222, and His-228). The presence of a second zinc ion in a structural role is a unique feature of the matrix metalloproteinases. The binding properties of the active site cleft are more dependent on the main chain conformation of the enzyme (and substrate) compared with thermolysin. A mechanism of action for peptide cleavage similar to that of thermolysin is proposed for fibroblast collagenase.
Prefrontal Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Neurons Act Locally to Modulate Frontostriatal Cognition and Circuit Function (2019)

The PFC and extended frontostriatal circuitry support higher cognitive processes that guide goal-directed behavior. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of multiple psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, a major limiting factor in the development of treatments for PFC cognitive dysfunction is our limited understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying PFC-dependent cognition. We recently demonstrated that activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the caudal dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) impairs higher cognitive function, as measured in a working memory task. Currently, there remains much unknown about CRF-dependent regulation of cognition, including the source of CRF for cognition-modulating receptors and the output pathways modulated by these receptors. To address these issues, the current studies used a viral vector-based approach to chemogenetically activate or inhibit PFC CRF neurons in working memory-tested male rats. Chemogenetic activation of caudal, but not rostral, dmPFC CRF neurons potently impaired working memory, whereas inhibition of these neurons improved working memory. Importantly, the cognition-impairing actions of PFC CRF neurons were dependent on local CRF receptors coupled to protein kinase A. Additional electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of caudal dmPFC CRF neurons elicits a robust degradation of task-related coding properties of dmPFC pyramidal neurons and, to a lesser extent, medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum. Collectively, these results demonstrate that local CRF release within the caudal dmPFC impairs frontostriatal cognitive and circuit function and suggest that CRF may represent a potential target for treating frontostriatal cognitive dysfunction.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The dorsomedial PFC and its striatal targets play a critical role in higher cognitive function. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Although it has long-been known that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are prominent within the PFC, their role in cognition has remained unclear. Using a novel chemogenetic viral vector system, the present studies demonstrate that PFC CRF neurons impair working memory via activation of local PKA-coupled CRF receptors, an action associated with robust degradation in task-related frontostriatal neuronal coding. Conversely, suppression of constitutive PFC CRF activity improved working memory. Collectively, these studies provide novel insight into the neurobiology of cognition and suggest that CRF may represent a novel target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
SY17-3CHARACTERIZATION OF ETHANOL SENSITIVE GLYCINE RECEPTORS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ABUSE DISORDERS THERAPY (2015)

Alcohol affects millions of people worldwide causing great social, medical and economic burdens. Unfortunately, effective pharmacotherapeutic tools are limited, have low adherence and cause several side effects, which emphasizes the need for novel, mechanistically oriented therapies. We found that basic amino acids (316-320 and 385/ 386) regulate the sensitivity of a1 glycine receptors (GlyR) to EtOH. The effects of the mutations are specific for ethanol, since the sensitivity to other positive and negative GlyR modulators were not affected.
The interplay of power management and fault recovery in real-time systems (2004)

We describe how to exploit the scheduling slack in a real-time system to reduce energy consumption and achieve fault tolerance at the same time. During failure-free operation, a task takes checkpoints to enable recovery from failure. Additionally, the system exploits the slack to conserve energy by reducing the processor speed. If a task fails, it will restart from a saved checkpoint and execute at maximum speed to guarantee that the deadlines are met. We show that the number of checkpoints and their placements interact in subtle ways with the power management policy. We study two checkpoint placement policies for aperiodic tasks and analytically derive the optimal number of checkpoints to conserve energy under each. This optimal number allows the CPU speed to be slowed down to the level that yields minimum energy consumption, while still guaranteeing recoverability of tasks under each checkpointing policy. The results show that traditional periodic checkpointing is not the best policy for the combined purpose of conserving energy and guaranteeing recovery. Instead, better energy savings are possible through a nonuniform distribution of checkpoints that takes into account the energy consumption and reliability factors. Depending on the amount of slack and the checkpointing overhead, energy can be reduced by up to 68 percent under nonuniform checkpointing. We also demonstrate the applicability of these checkpoint placement policies to periodic tasks.
FOURIER TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF THE HYDROPHOBIC CLUSTER; PROPANE-WATER (1992)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Colgate University; Molecular Physics division, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Department of Chemistry, University of California
Monosialoganglioside effects following cerebral ischemia: relationship with anti-neuronotoxic and pro-neuronotrophic effects. (1990)

Increasing evidence is available indicating that systemically administered GM1 is able to provide for functional recovery in different experimental models of CNS injury, including cerebral ischemia. Current evidence indicates that the GM1 effects are associated, in the acute phase, with attenuation of secondary neuronal damage due to its capability to antagonize excitatory amino acid-related neurotoxicity in vivo as in vitro. Furthermore, the ganglioside is able to facilitate occurrence of long-term reparative processes, an effect most likely reflecting the potentiation of the action of neuronotrophic factors. This bifaceted action of GM1 makes the ganglioside ideally suited for clinical treatment of patients afflicted by cerebrovascular insufficiencies.
Magnetoswitchable Electrochemistry Gated by Alkyl-Chain-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles:  Control of Diffusional and Surface-Confined Electrochemical Processes (2005)

Magnetic nanoparticles consisting of undecanoate-capped magnetite (average diameter ca. 5 nm) are used to selectively gate diffusional and surface-confined electrochemical reactions. A two-phase system consisting of an aqueous buffer solution and a toluene phase that includes the suspended undecanoate-capped magnetic nanoparticles is used to control the interfacial properties of the electrode surface. Two different phenomena are controlled by attraction of the magnetic nanoparticles to the electrode by means of an external magnet: (i) The attracted magnetic nanoparticles form a hydrophobic layer on the electrode surface resulting in the blocking of diffusional electrochemical processes, while retaining the redox functions of surface-confined electrochemical units. (ii) For certain surface-immobilized redox species (e.g., quinones), the attraction of the magnetic nanoparticles to the electrode surface alters the mechanism of the process from an aqueous-type electrochemistry to a dry organic-phase-type electrochemistry. Also, bioelectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic transformations at the electrode are controlled by means of attraction of the magnetic nanoparticles to the electrode surface. Controlling the catalytic functions of the modified electrode by means of the magnetic nanoparticles attracted to the electrode is exemplified in two different directions: (i) Blocking of the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase (GOx) using a surface-confined ferrocene monolayer as electron-transfer mediator. (ii) Activation of the microperoxidase-11 electrocatalyzed reduction of cumene hydroperoxide. In the latter system, the hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles adsorb toluene, and the hydrophobic matrix acts as a carrier for cumene hydroperoxide to the electrode surface modified with the microperoxidase-11 catalyst.
Selective detection of mobile amino acid resonances of chloroplast ATP synthase by proton spin-echo NMR (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective detection of mobile amino acid resonances of chloroplast ATP synthase by proton spin-echo NMRR. R. Sharp and W. D. FraschCite this: Biochemistry 1985, 24, 20, 5449–5454Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00341a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00341a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A review of the theoretical concepts, measurement systems and application of contact lens oxygen permeability (1987)

Abstract— The interest in rigid gas-permeable contact lenses for extended wear has prompted a re-evaluation of the theoretical and practical aspects of the oxygen transport characteristics of contact lens materials. Oxygen permeability has been considered by some authors to be a parameter which is dependent upon the measurement conditions; however, this paper demonstrates that an intrinsic permeability coefficient may be derived for a given material when the basic principles of the transport mechanisms are considered. Two basic methodologies have been described for measuring oxygen permeability—dual-chamber and electrochemical methods, the latter being the more popular. Although consistency in measured oxygen transmissibility of a given lens may be achieved among laboratories, current analytical techniques do not allow the intrinsic permeability coefficient of materials to be determined. Future research should be directed towards developing methods to fully correct for surface and edge effects, and to achieve standardization among laboratories.
The Mainz-Pouch – One Solution to a Variety of Problems (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987The Mainz-Pouch – One Solution to a Variety of Problems R. Hohenfellner, P. Alken, J. Thüroff, H. Riedmiller, and U. Engelmann R. HohenfellnerR. Hohenfellner More articles by this author , P. AlkenP. Alken More articles by this author , J. ThüroffJ. Thüroff More articles by this author , H. RiedmillerH. Riedmiller More articles by this author , and U. EngelmannU. Engelmann More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75261-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Mainz-Pouch – One Solution to a Variety of Problems." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 131A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 131A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information R. Hohenfellner More articles by this author P. Alken More articles by this author J. Thüroff More articles by this author H. Riedmiller More articles by this author U. Engelmann More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A Novel Ultrasonic Imaging Method for Remote Palpation of Breast Tissues (2001)

Abstract : A method of Remote Palpation, which may allow the detection of small, stiff lesions lying deep within the breast is under investigation. In this method, acoustic radiation force applied to localized (approximately 2 mm3) regions of tissue, and the resulting tissue displacements are mapped using ultrasonic correlation based methods. An area that is stiffer than the surrounding medium distributes the force, resulting in larger regions of displacement, and smaller maximum displacements. The resulting displacement maps may be used to image tissue stiffness. We have developed a finite element model of Remote Palpation, with which a parametric analysis of the affect of varying tissue and acoustic beam characteristics on radiation force induced tissue displacements has been performed. We have developed phantom tissue fabrication facilities, with which models of tissue of varying stiffness and acoustic absorption characteristics have been built. Experimental pulse sequences have been developed for our Elegra scanner, with which initial experiments have been performed in phantoms. The tissue displacement patterns observed in the experiments are consistent with those predicted by the simulations. Peak displacements of 30 microns were observed in a phantom with a Young's modulus of 0.8 kPa. These initial results suggest considerable clinical potential for Remote Palpation.
Epidemiological characteristics and immune status of children with <i>Respiratory Syncytial Virus</i> (2014)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections are the dominant cause of pneumonia in children. In order to determine the epidemiological characteristics and immune status of children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, a prospective study was performed among patients with RSV infection. Comparisons between RSV pneumonia group and normal control group, RSV pneumonia group had lower IL-2 (median levels, pg/ml: 3.8 vs. 5.1, P < 0.01), and higher IL-4 (median levels, pg/ml: 3.2 vs. 2.4, P < 0.01), IL-10 (median levels, pg/ml: 12.2 vs. 2.3, P < 0.01), and IFN-γ (median levels, pg/ml: 13.4 vs. 4.6, P < 0.01). The level of IgE among pneumonia patients caused by RSV increased sharply (median levels, mg/L: 48.1 vs. 8.8, P < 0.01). Another amazing finding is that after birth, the degree of IgE of the children infected by RSV increases gradually with age. This effect is at its peak in 0.6 years old. The IgE and eosinophil levels were higher when patients suffered from RSV pneumonia with wheeze (IgE median levels, IU/ml: with wheeze: 72.74 vs. without wheeze: 11.5, P < 0.05; eosinophil median levels, ×10(9) /l: with wheeze: 0.21 vs. without wheeze: 0.05, P < 0.05). The main morbidity crowd is the children under the age of 1 year old. The downregulation of IL2 and the upregulation of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IgE happen after RSV infection.
Male Athletic Activities and Their Effects on Semen and Hormonal Parameters (2010)

Infertility is generally defined as the inability to conceive a pregnancy or the failure to do so within a reasonable period (typically 12 months). Approximately 85% of couples conceive a first pregnancy within 12 months. The prevalence of infertility has increased over the past 10 years, with approximately 10 million affected couples in the United States. Roughly 40% to 50% of infertility is either due to, or is contributed by, a male factor. Given how common the condition is, men and their partners are understandably concerned and interested in identifying and eliminating risk factors for male infertility. This article reviews the available literature on various aspects of male infertility related to athletic pursuits. These include the effects of exercise on semen parameters, hormonal axes, and testicular health. Due to the prevalence and particular relevance of anabolic steroid use by athletes and the impact of steroid use on fertility, this topic is also reviewed.
Heart Chamber Reconstruction from Biplane Angiography (1999)

In this chapter we describe an application of the binary tomography technique to routinely acquired biplane cardiac angiograms. The described model-based reconstruction approach aims to recover the 3D shape of the left or right heart chamber from the density profiles of orthogonal biplane ventriculograms. Several geometric and densitometric imaging errors need to be corrected in the clinical data before the moving heart chamber may be reconstructed slice-by-slice and frame-by-frame. The ventricular reconstructions allow for 3D visualization, volume determination, and regional wall motion analysis independently of the gantry setting used for image acquisition. The method has been applied to clinical angiograms and tested in left and right ventricular phantoms yielding a well shape conformity even with few model information. The results indicate that volumes of binary reconstructed ventricles are less projection-dependent compared to volume data derived by purely contour-based methods.
Helping Educational Reforms To Succeed in a Microbiology Department Several factors prove crucial when adapting inquiry-guided reforms to an undergraduate microbiology curriculum (2009)

D uring the past decade, a rising chorus has called for major reforms in how we teach science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Part of the impetus for those reforms comes from concerns over growing numbers of students leaving the sciences, the eroding stature of the United States in the sciences compared with countries such as China and India, and also losses of personnel to fields such as biotechnology. In response to such pressures, one path to reform is the development of educational practices that explicitly engage students while enhancing how they learn science. These practices, including inquiry-based laboratory exercises and peer instruction, find empirical support from studies that help to explain the underlying psychological processes that are integral to learning science or other technical subjects. The monograph How People Learn, issued in 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences, further supports approaches in which students are actively engaged in the learning process. Meanwhile, the National Science Foundation and various nongovernment foundations support curricular innovation in the sciences. When it comes to reforming a science curriculum, however, innovation is not enough. Thus, despite spotty reform efforts, U.S. colleges and universities are generally proving slow to change their educational practices. Departments need to be ready for change and then need to develop and implement a vision if those reforms are to take hold. Instead of doing so, too many instructors, particularly those teaching introductory science courses, continue to stupefy their students with rote information. Further, undergraduate curricula in the sciences typically remain an afterthought to research agendas. Thus, we need to understand what makes some reform efforts successful to improve the chances of disseminating these successes to other institutions.