gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Laminate for Embedded Capacitance Applications (2000)

The industry trend to smaller feature sizes and device miniaturization is making the use of embedded passive devices more attractive. This paper describes a recent advance in the fabrication and use of an epoxy-glass fabric laminate for embedded capacitance applications. The key performance enhancements in the buried capacitance laminate are precise thickness tolerance, improved dimensional consistency, and reduced levels of electrical breakdown during hipot testing. The use of a square-weave glass fabric with tight resin content control yields a laminate with a very precise thickness and improved dimensional consistency. A laminate with reduced levels of dielectric breakdown during a 500V DC test (hipot test) can be fabricated using a carefully controlled manufacturing process. The enhanced square-weave glass fabric also exhibits excellent resistance to Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) growth during 1000 hour temperature/humidity aging under 100V DC bias.
Myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity is uncoupled from troponin I phosphorylation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy due to abnormal troponin T (2012)

An abnormality in TnT is responsible for uncoupling myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity from TnI phosphorylation in the septum of HOCM patients.
Regulation of the serotonin transporter by interacting proteins (2001)

The serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in the maintenance of normal neurotransmission by serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]. Recent evidence suggests that SERT and other neurotransmitter transporters are tightly regulated. Activation of protein kinase C results in a decrease in SERT-mediated 5-HT uptake, which is due to an internalization of the transporter. However, to date little is known about the mechanism and proteins involved in the down-regulation of the transporter. One candidate SERT-regulatory protein is the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) protein, syntaxin 1A (Syn1A), which has recently been implicated in the regulation of ion channels as well as the SERT-related gamma-aminobutyric acid- and glycine-transporters. Using 5-HT uptake assays, confocal microscopy and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays we showed that Syn1A also interacts with SERT and alters the subcellular localization of the transporter, resulting in a reduction of 5-HT transport. In addition, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to search for novel regulatory proteins that interact with the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of SERT. By screening rat brain cDNA library we have identified six potential SERT-binding proteins. Here we also present progress towards the elucidation of the biological relevance of these proteins and their potential role for the regulation of the serotonin transporter.
The sputtering and redeposition behavior of VBe12 compound and of Ti–Cu–Li composites within a fusion tokamak environment (1987)

VBe12 compound and porous titanium composites infiltrated with a lithium bearing copper alloy have been investigated as a means of reducing fusion plasma impurities and sputter erosion associated with fusion tokamak limiter and divertor surfaces. These materials possess high-temperature strength and melt-layer stability properties in conjunction with the self-sustainment of a low-Z overlayer that inhibits erosion of the underlying structural substrate. The sputter erosion and redeposition properties of these materials have been analyzed by calculating the sputtering coefficients via TRIM, which are subsequently used in the REDEP code to evaluate their performance for various plasma-edge temperature regimes. The results have been compared to elemental beryllium, tungsten, and graphite on the basis of minimizing plasma impurities and material erosion, suppressing runaway self-sputtering, and/or enhancing thermal properties.
Downregulation of TAP1 in B Lymphocytes by Cellular and Epstein-Barr Virus–Encoded Interleukin-10 (1997)

Virally infected cells degrade intracellular viral proteins proteolytically and present the resulting peptides in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These cells are normally prone to CTL-mediated elimination. However, several viruses have evolved strategies to avoid detection by the immune system that interfere with the pathway of antigen presentation. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses a predominantly late protein, the BCRF1 gene product vIL-10, that is similar in sequence to the human interleukin-10 (hIL-10). We show here that vIL-10 affects the expression of one of the two transporter proteins (TAPs) associated with antigen presentation. Similarly, hIL-10 showed the same activity. Expression of the LMP2 and TAP1 genes but not expression of TAP2 or LMP7 is efficiently downregulated, indicating a specific IL-10 effect on the two divergently transcribed TAP1 and LMP2 genes. Downregulation of TAP1 by IL-10 hampers the transport of peptide antigens into the endoplasmatic reticulum, as shown in the TAP-specific peptide transporter assay, their loading onto empty MHC I molecules, and the subsequent translocation to the cell surface. As a consequence, IL-10 causes a general reduction of surface MHC I molecules on B lymphocytes that might also affect the recognition of EBV-infected cells by cytotoxic T cells.
Food Hypersensitivity Reactions in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers with Protein-Losing Enteropathy or Protein-Losing Nephropathy or Both: Gastroscopic Food Sensitivity Testing, Dietary Provocation, and Fecal Immunoglobulin E (2000)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWTs) affected with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) or protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) or both for allergy to food. We performed gastroscopic food-sensitivity testing, a provocative dietary trial, and measurement of fecal immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 6 SCWTs affected with PLE or PLN or both. Positive gastroscopic food-sensitivity test reactions were noted in 5 of 6 dogs. Positive reactions were found to milk in 4 dogs, to lamb in 2 dogs, and to wheat and chicken each in 1 dog. Adverse reactions to food (diarrhea, vomiting, or pruritus) were detected in all 6 dogs during the provocative dietary trial. Adverse reactions were found to corn in 5 dogs, to tofu in 3 dogs, to cottage cheese in 2 dogs, to milk in 2 dogs, to farina cream of wheat in 2 dogs, and to lamb in 2 dogs. Serum albumin concentrations significantly decreased and fecal α1-protease inhibitor concentration significantly increased 4 days after the provocative trial when compared with baseline values. Antigen-specific fecal IgE varied throughout the provocative trial, with peak levels following ingestion of test meals. We conclude that food hypersensitivities are present in SCWTs affected with the syndrome of PLE/PLN. Mild inflammatory bowel disease was already established in the 6 SCWTs of this report at the time of study, making it impossible to determine if food allergies were the cause or result of the enteric disease.
New miRNA Signature Heralds Human NK Cell Subsets at Different Maturation Steps: Involvement of miR-146a-5p in the Regulation of KIR Expression (2018)

Natural killer cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that play an important role for early host defenses against infectious pathogens and surveillance against tumor. In humans, NK cells may be divided in various subsets on the basis of the relative CD56 expression and of the low-affinity FcγRIIIA CD16. In particular, the two main NK cell subsets are represented by the CD56<sup>bright</sup>/CD16<sup>-/dim</sup> and the CD56<sup>dim</sup>/CD16<sup>bright</sup> NK cells. Experimental evidences indicate that CD56<sup>bright</sup> and CD56<sup>dim</sup> NK cells represent different maturative stages of the NK cell developmental pathway. We identified multiple miRNAs differentially expressed in CD56<sup>bright</sup>/CD16<sup>-</sup> and CD56<sup>dim</sup>/CD16<sup>bright</sup> NK cells using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Among these, we found a few miRNAs with a consistent differential expression in the two NK cell subsets, and with an intermediate expression in the CD56<sup>bright</sup>/CD16<sup>dim</sup> NK cell subset, representing a transitional step of maturation of NK cells. These analyses allowed us to establish the existence of a miRNA signature able to efficiently discriminate the two main NK cell subsets regardless of their surface phenotype. In addition, by analyzing the putative targets of representative miRNAs we show that hsa-miR-146a-5p, may be involved in the regulation of killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) expression. These results contribute to a better understanding of the physiologic significance of miRNAs in the regulation of the development/function of human NK cells. Moreover, our results suggest that hsa-miR-146a-5p targeting, resulting in KIR down-regulation, may be exploited to generate/increment the effect of NK KIR-mismatching against HLA-class I<sup>+</sup> tumor cells and thus improve the NK-mediated anti-tumor activity.
Multitube surface-wave discharges for increased gas throughput at atmospheric pressure (1998)

Large diameter (&gt;10 mm) microwave discharges at atmospheric pressure are often constricted transversely and, when large gas flow rates are used, unstable as far as microwave power coupling is concerned. A group of small bore tubes can be used instead to provide the same gas throughput and ensure a higher probability of interaction of molecules to be processed with the carrier gas. The solution presented provides equal power sharing in these small diameter plasma columns and it employs preferably a single microwave field applicator, therefore enabling one to use only one power generator and yielding a compact system. This scheme is based on the properties of surface-wave sustained plasmas and it calls on basic principles of waveguide circuitry.
Resilient and Corrosion-proof Rolling Element Bearings Made from Superelastic Ni-Ti Alloys for Aerospace Mechanism Applications (2012)

Mechanical components (bearings, gears, mechanisms) typically utilize hard materials to minimize wear and attain long life. In such components, heavily loaded contact points (e.g., meshing gear teeth, bearing ball-raceway contacts) experience high contact stresses. The combination of high hardness, heavy loads and high elastic modulus often leads to damaging contact stress. In addition, mechanical component materials, such as tool steel or silicon nitride exhibit limited recoverable strain (typically less than 1 percent). These material attributes can lead to Brinell damage (e.g., denting) particularly during transient overload events such as shock impacts that occur during the launching of space vehicles or the landing of aircraft. In this paper, a superelastic alloy, 60NiTi, is considered for rolling element bearing applications. A series of Rockwell and Brinell hardness, compressive strength, fatigue and tribology tests are conducted and reported. The combination of high hardness, moderate elastic modulus, large recoverable strain, low density, and intrinsic corrosion immunity provide a path to bearings largely impervious to shock load damage. It is anticipated that bearings and components made from alloys with such attributes can alleviate many problems encountered in advanced aerospace applications.
Adaptive torque control of friction stir welding for the purpose of estimating tool wear (2011)

In this paper, an adaptive torque controller for friction stir welding (FSW) that can estimate parameters such as probe radius which may be changing throughout the welding process is presented. Implementing an adaptive controller with this capability would be of interest to industry sectors in which FSW is performed on high melting point alloys or metal matrix composites (MMC). Welding these materials has shown a greatly accelerated rate of tool wear. Simulations were conducted to examine how extreme tool wear would affect controller performance and how accurately the controller could estimate the probe radius. A simplified wear model consisting of a linear decrease in probe radius was used to verify controller performance. Next, a wear model consistent with wear patterns seen in the welding of highly abrasive materials was developed. Results indicate that torque is controlled effectively while a change in system dynamics is experienced, as would be expected with adaptive control, but also that the tool profile is accurately estimated after an initial identification period.
Origin of the negative excess enthalpy in poly(vinylethylene)/cis-1,4-polyisoprene blends (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrigin of the negative excess enthalpy in poly(vinylethylene)/cis-1,4-polyisoprene blendsC. M. Roland, J. B. Miller, and K. J. McGrathCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 18, 4967–4969Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00070a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00070a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat output by marine microbial and viral communities (2012)

The Marine Microbial Food Web (MMFW) includes heterotrophicmicrobes and their protist and viral predators. These microbes consume dissolved organic matter thereby making the MMFW a major component of global biogeochemical and energy cycles. However, quantification of the MMFW contribution to these cycles is dependent on a handful of techniques, all of which require laboratory-derived conversion factors. Here we describe a differential calorimeter capable of measuring the small amounts of heat produced by marine microbes and viruses at natural populations. Using this ultra-sensitive calorimeter, we show that heat production in the presence of viruses is significantly larger than in their absence. This increased heat output occurs despite a net decrease in the number of microbes. This provides direct evidence for top-down control of microbial populations by viruses and shows that there is increased re-mineralization. A comparative statics model was developed to interpret the calorimeter measurements. The spirit of the model is thermodynamic – it restricts its view to net changes in the populations and net heat produced. The model predicts that approximately 25% of the total heat production during the growth phase of a pelagic microbial community is due directly to viral activities. This result has implications for the energy budget of our planet and for climate prediction.
Effects of Disruption of Epiphyseal Vasculature on the Proximal Femoral Growth Plate (2009)

In our porcine model, the proximal femoral growth plate was not diffusely damaged following disruption of the epiphyseal vasculature in the majority of the ischemic femoral heads. The majority of the growth plates remained viable and were able to function despite total disruption of the epiphyseal vasculature. These findings suggest that the source of nutrition for the proximal femoral growth plate is not solely the epiphyseal vasculature as has been traditionally believed.
Various cross sections for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo><~</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>nuclei (1974)

Differential cross section data, accurate to an error of less than 1%, are presented for several different elastic scatterings and reactions, in the region of 10-14 MeV. The data are for various processes stemming from the bombardment of hydrogen, deuterium, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, and tritium by protons and deuterons.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $A(b,c)D$, $A=^{1}\mathrm{H}, ^{2}\mathrm{H}, ^{3}\mathrm{H}, ^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $b=p, d, t$, $E=10\ensuremath{-}13.6$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, various angles, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}=0.03\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})=0.5\ensuremath{-}1.0$.
<b>Benefits of Cerebral Protection During Carotid Stenting With the PercuSurge GuardWire System:</b>Midterm Results (2002)

Purpose. To examine the possible beneficial effect of a new cerebral protection device based on balloon occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) and debris aspiration for patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods. One hundred and eighty-four CAS procedures were attempted under cerebral protection using the PercuSurge system in 167 patients (129 men; mean age 70.5 ′ 9.2 years; range 40-91). The lesions were mainly atherosclerotic, and half (n = 93) were asymptomatic. Eighteen restenotic and 7 post-radiation stenoses were also treated. Results. Technical success was 99.5%. All lesions were stented except 3 postangioplasty restenoses. Prophylactic occlusion during protection balloon dilation and stenting was well tolerated in 176 (95.7%) patients. Microscopic analysis of the aspirated blood showed different types of particles numbering between 7 and 145 per procedure with a mean diameter of 250 μm (56-2652 μm). The 30-day stroke and death rate was 2.7%; three periprocedural complications at < 48 hours (1 major stroke and 2 transient ischemic attacks), one intracerebral hemorrhage at 3 days, and 1 death of cardiac failure at 3 weeks. Conclusions. This study yielded a favorably low rate of peri-procedural embolic events comparable with standard CAS series. Protection devices may play an important role in future carotid interventions and expand the applicability of the procedure. Randomized studies (surgery versus CAS with and without cerebral protection) are awaited.
Interspecific electrofusion of protoplasts between Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae. (1991)

An α-amylase hyper producer A. oryzae and a protease hyper producer A. sojae were electrofused to breed more excellent koji-molds. Fusion between the yellow-spored, pant mutant or the yellow-spored, met mutant of A. oryzae and the white-spored, bio mutant or the white-spored, ade mutant of A. sojae produced heterokaryons with a frequency of 2 × 10-5 per protoplast pair. The optimal parameters for the fusion of Aspergillus protoplasts were 1.1 MHz AC frequency, 400 V/cm AC voltage, 4kV/cm DC pulse voltage, 60 μsec pulse duration, and 2 or 3 pulses. In this combination of the fusion-parents, all the fusants with stable green conidia formed an alkaline proteinase with the mobility of A. oryzae-type, and none of them formed any intermediate type. The productivity and molecular specificity of proteinases behaved independently from each other in the processes of fusion and haploidization.
[The protective role of Klotho gene on vascular endothelium]. (1999)

Arteriosclerosis caused by aging is recognized to be a crucial risk factor of cardiovascular disease. We recently established Klotho mouse that causes age-related disorders including arteriosclerosis. The Klotho gene encodes a novel cell surface protein of 1014 amino acids. In humans, a secretory form of Klotho cDNA has been isolated, but the pathophysiological role of Klotho protein remains to be elucidated. We demonstrate that the vasodilator response of aorta to acetylcholine is significantly attenuated in and homozygous Klotho mice as compared with wild-type mice. Parabiosis between wild-type and heterozygous Klotho mice results in restoration of endothelial function in heterozygous Klotho mice. These results suggest that the Klotho protein protects the cardiovascular system through endothelium-derived NO production by humoral pathways.
Mode-locked operation of a figure-of-eight erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 3-/spl times/-3 non-linear loop mirror (2001)

Summary form only given. The non-linear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) has many varied applications and one of the key ones is that of a saturable absorber. In fact NALMs have been used to induce short pulse formation from a range of fiber lasers with different rare earth dopants. The most common format for the non-linear loop mirror is based on a 2-x-2 coupler, with a symmetric coupling ratio, and an optical amplifier, which is placed asymmetrically, in the loop. We describe a novel variation of the NALM structure whereby the 2-x-2 coupler is replaced by a 3-x-3 coupler. We present the results from numerical modelling that describe the switching characteristics of the 3-x-3 NALM and compare them to those of a standard 2-x-2 NALM. We also describe the data from experimental studies, which show that it is possible to mode-lock an erbium-doped fiber laser with the 3-x-3 NALM. We compare and contrast the mode-locked performance of a 3-x-3 system with that of the 2-x-2 system and explain the origin of the differences in behaviour between the two systems.
Maintenance of retinoic acid receptor alpha pools by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and lithium chloride in all-trans retinoic acid–treated WEHI-3B leukemia cells: relevance to the synergistic induction of terminal differentiation (2000)

Previous studies have demonstrated that combinations of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with either granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or lithium chloride (LiCl) produced synergistic terminal differentiation of WEHI-3B myelomonocytic leukemia (D(+)) cells. It was found that steady-state retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) protein levels were markedly reduced in these cells after exposure to ATRA. Because the presence of receptors for a hormone ligand is required for its action, differentiation therapy with ATRA may be self-limiting. The combination of G-CSF with ATRA significantly attenuated the loss of RARalpha protein, and synergistic terminal differentiation occurred. LiCl was more effective than G-CSF in preserving RARalpha pools and synergized with ATRA more strongly than G-CSF. These findings suggested that the prevention of RARalpha protein loss by G-CSF or LiCl in ATRA-treated cells functioned to extend the differentiation response to the retinoid and was responsible, at least in part, for the observed synergism. D(+) cells transfected with an expression plasmid containing RARalpha cDNA had a 6- to 8-fold increase in steady-state RARalpha mRNA compared with vector-transfected cells and showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in RARalpha protein. ATRA caused a reduction, but not a complete loss, of RARalpha protein in these transfectants, which were considerably more responsive than parental D(+) cells to ATRA as a single agent, supporting the concept that the protection of RARalpha pools results in a heightened differentiation response to ATRA.
The viscoelastic behavior of oriented polyvinyl alcohol fibers at large strains (1961)

Abstract The viscoelastic spectra of oriented polyvinyl alcohol fibers have been determined at large strains (2, 5, and 8%). Stress relaxation data were obtained from constant strain rate experiments conducted at testing speeds from 20 to 2,000,000 %/min. and have been used to calculate viscoelastic parameters, E, E 0 and tan δ. The heights of the relaxation spectra were found to increase with increasing rate of test, up to the maximum strain rates possible before critical velocity failure occurs.