gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Testing Strategies for Helicobacter Pylori (2000)

The choice of an initial test for H. pylori detection depends on the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the value placed on increased diagnostic accuracy. Although ELISA results in the lowest cost-effectiveness ratios, in patients at low-intermediate pretest probability of infection, the stool test provides increased accuracy, with modest incremental costs.
Molecular dynamics: Tunable Water Channels with Carbon Nanoscrolls (Small 6/2010) (2010)

The frontispiece shows a cross-section image of a sheet of graphene rolled up into a “carbon nanoscroll”. Molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analyses show that the flow rate of water through the core of the nanoscrolls can be adjusted over a broad range through the effective surface energy, which in turn can be tuned by an applied DC or AC electric field. The results suggest that such carbon naonscrolls hold great promise in applications such as tunable water and ion channels, nanofluidic devices, and nanofilters, as well as tunable gene- and drug-delivery systems. For more information, please read the Full Paper “Tunable Water Channels with Carbon Nanoscrolls” by H. Gao et al., beginning on page 739.
Mikkabi Man and the Fossil-bearing Deposits from Tadaki Limestone Quarry at Mikkabi, Central Japan (1962)

[in Japanese]
A high-resolution Euler solver (1989)

In an earlier paper, an O(N) method for the computation of stationary solutions to the Euler equations of inviscid compressible gas dynamics has been described. The method is a variant of the multigrid technique and is able to provide good convergence rates for first-order upwind discretisations even in the case of alignment, the flow being aligned with the grid. Here we discuss the application of this scheme to higherorder discretisations. Two-level analysis for the linear constant-coefficient case has shown that it is difficult or impossible to obtain uniformly good convergence rates for a higher-order scheme, due to waves perpendicular to stream lines. The defect correction technique suffers from the same problem. However, convergence to a point where the residual of the total error (the sum of the iteration error and the discretisation error) is of the order of the truncation error can be obtained in about 7 defect correction cycles, according to estimates for the linear constant-coefficient equations. Here this result is explored for the nonlinear case by some illustrative numerical experiments. b
Effects of Short-Term Immobilization Versus Continuous Passive Motion on the Biomechanical and Biochemical Properties of the Rabbit Tendon (1989)

Little work has been done on the effect that continuous passive motion (CPM) may have on maintaining the mechanical and biochemical characteristics of tendons deprived of normal load-bearing stimuli. This study compared changes in mechanical properties and collagen concentrations of the tibialis anterior tendon between two groups of rabbits: control animals that received no treatment and experimental animals that received CPM to one ankle and immobilization to the other. Treatment duration was three weeks. Mechanical testing yielded values for elastic modulus, stiffness, stress, strain, and strain energy density at linear and maximum loads. Hydroxyproline concentrations were measured to determine tendon collagen content. Findings indicated that cyclic tensile loading of tendons by CPM lessened the harmful effects of immobilization. Linear load and stress for CPM and control tendons were similar, while the same measures for immobilized tendons were 16% and 25% less than control tendons. Ultimate strength of the control tendons, however, exceeded CPM tendons by 16% and immobilized tendons by 20%. Hydroxyproline levels were comparable for the CPM, control, and immobilized tissues. For a short duration (three weeks), CPM reduced the detrimental effects of immobilization in the tendon, primarily in the linear-load region.
Transcription-Coupled Repair Deficiency and Mutations in Human Mismatch Repair Genes (1996)

Deficiencies in mismatch repair have been linked to a common cancer predisposition syndrome in humans, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and a subset of sporadic cancers. Here, several mismatch repair-deficient tumor cell lines and HNPCC-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines were found to be deficient in an additional DNA repair process termed transcription-coupled repair (TCR). The TCR defect was corrected in a mutant cell line whose mismatch repair deficiency had been corrected by chromosome transfer. Thus, the connection between excision repair and mismatch repair previously described in Escherichia coli extends to humans. These results imply that deficiencies in TCR and exposure to carcinogens present in the environment may contribute to the etiology of tumors associated with genetic defects in mismatch repair.
Blood Substitutes: 1996 in the Literature (1997)

The year 1996 in the “blood substitute” literature continued to follow the trends set in 1994 and 1995. That is, there appears to be less emphasis on specific biochemical modifications of hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon chemistry, and more on clinical trials and related issues. There was an ever larger number of meetings and symposia on the subject, and even more appear to be slated for 1997, as products near the market and clinic.
[Biological monitoring of treatment with low molecular weight heparin]. (1988)

The monitoring of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) can be realized in plasma from treated patients by measuring the anti-Xa activity. The commercially available methods belong to two different categories respectively measuring residual F Xa using clotting or amidolytic methods. The latter may be standardized and provided an appropriate standard is used present acceptable in laboratory variability. These chromogenic substrate based assays have been used in most clinical trial, thus have well known usual ranges. In most cases, it does not seem necessary to perform a biological test in prophylactic treatments. However in curative treatment the anti-Xa activity may help in evaluating the patient sensitivity and allowing a dose adjustment.
Lipoprotein metabolism in macrophage - Lessons from an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. (1988)

The foam cell has been recognized as a characteristic feature of xanthomas and atheromas. Many foam cells in these lesions share properties characteristic of the macrophages. Therefore, the macrophage may be the progenitor of certain foam cells that are involved in atherogenesis. Several investigators demonstrated in vitro that macrophages can ingest large amounts of native lipoprotein, such as β-VLDL and WHHL-VLDL and also certain chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated LDL and malondialdehyde-treated LDL through the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and thereby they become foam cells. Yet modified LDL has not been demonstrated to exist in the body. Recently oxidized LDL is suggested to play an important role in atherogenesis by facilitating the accumulation of lipids in macrophages in vitro. Probucol, originally developed as an antioxidant, prevents this oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. Moreover, there are some clinical reports that probucol causes a regression of cutaneous and tendon xanthomas in homoyzgous FH patients.Therefore we questioned whether in vivo probucol could prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in homozygous WHHL-rabbits, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. Six months after treatment with probucol, the percentage of surface area of total thoracic aorta with visible plaques was 7.0±6.3%, whereas 54.2±18.8% in untreated WHHL-rabbits in spite of no reduction of plasma cholesterol level. LDL isolated from WHHL rabbits under treatment with probucol were shown to be highly resistant to oxidative modification by cupric ion and to be minimally recognized by macrophages. Thus, probucol could definitely prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in homozygous WHHL rabbits in vivo by limiting oxidative LDL modification and foam cell transformation of macrophages. Our study suggests the possibility that oxidized LDL is the true form of modified LDL that produces foam cells and atherosclerosis in vivo.
<title>Nondestructive structural analysis of biological tissues by near-infrared FT-Raman spectroscopy</title> (1992)

This paper describes the potential of near-infrared FT-Raman spectroscopy in studying biological tissues in a nondestructive manner by showing high quality spectra of the highly- developed human senile cataractous lens and the rat brain cortex.
Formation of lipoxin B by the pure reticulocyte lipoxygenase via sequential oxygenation of the substrate (1987)

The pure reticulocyte lipoxygenase converts 15LS-hydroxy-5,8,11,13(Z,Z,Z,E)-icosatetraenoic acid (15LS-HETE) methyl ester to a complex mixture of products containing 5DS,14LR,15LS-trihydro(pero)xy-6E,++ +8Z,10E,12E-icosatetraenoate methyl ester (lipoxin B methyl ester), 5DS,15LS-DiH(P)ETE methyl ester and four 8,15LS-DiH(P)ETE methyl ester isomers [DiH(P)ETE = dihydro(pero)xy-icosatetraenoic acid]. After a short incubation period (15 min) 5DS,15LS-DiH(P)ETE methyl ester was found to be the main product, whereas after a 3-h incubation lipoxin B methyl ester was the predominant product. The reaction shows a remarkable stereoselectivity since only small amounts of other trihydroxy tetraenes are formed. Anaerobiosis, heat inactivation of the enzyme, or incubation in the presence of lipoxygenase inhibitors (icosatetraynoic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid) completely abolished the reaction. The complete steric structure of the major tetraene product (lipoxin B methyl ester) was established by ultraviolet spectroscopy, HPLC on four different types of columns, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gas/liquid chromatography of the ozonolysis fragments of the menthoxycarbonyl derivatives, and by 400-MHz 1H-NMR. Atmospheric oxygen was incorporated at carbon-5 and carbon-14 into the major product. 5DS,15LS-DiH(P)ETE methyl ester was shown to be an intermediate in the synthesis. Lipoxin B was also formed during the oxygenation of arachidonic acid, 15LS-HETE and 5DS,15LS-DiHETE. The results presented here indicate that lipoxin B can be formed by pure lipoxygenases via a sequential oxygenation of arachidonic acid or its hydro(pero)xy derivatives.
The Synthesis of CME (Coconut Methyl Ester) With Organic Catalyst: Experiments, Data Analysis and Kinetics Model (2021)

Abstract Biodiesel is one of the biomass materials or renewable energy, which is needed today to replace fuel from fossil energy, which can reduce global warming and has a high renewability cycle. Biodiesel is obtained from plants, so it is also known as biofuel. One type of biodiesel group is CME (Coconut Methyl Ester) which is biodiesel obtained from coconut oil as raw material. In this study, a synthesis of used coconut oil and methanol has been carried out with an organic catalyst based on coconut coir called the ASK catalyst. The results of transesterification have provided some important information, including: the yield are 15-19,5% after usage of the ASK catalyst consisting of amorphous phase and crystalline phase ClK 0,8 Na 0,2 , with the density and viscosity of products are 790-800 kg/m 3 and 0,6-1 mm 2 /s. Yield data obtained are then used to build the kinetics equation. The equation is 𝑌 = 1 − e^(-k ' t n ), with the value of n = 1 and k' for temperatures of 50 o C and 60 o C were 0,20 and 0,21, respectively, and a minimum activation energy of Q = 1,1 kJ/mol, which can determine reaction time needed at a specified temperature to achieve a certain yield value.
A method for characterizing resistive and dielectric materials in VHF using the detection by integration principle (2003)

This paper describes a simple and new process for characterization of resistive and dielectric materials in VHF range. We have developed a computer program which permits to simulate the analogical function used in detection by integration measurement. The obtained results show a good measurement accuracy comparing to the analogical method.
Identification and partial purification of a <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> CryIC δ‐endotoxin binding protein from <i>spodoptera littoralis</i> gut membranes (1993)

Immunoblotting experiments were performed using CryIC and CryIA(c) Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins to detect the presence of specific toxin binding proteins on Spodoptera littoralis brush border membrane vesicles. The CryIC toxin binds two proteins of 40 and 65 kDa and the CryIA(c) binds a protein of 40 kDa. The CryIA(c) toxin also binds faintly to a 120 kDa protein on S. littoralis brush border membrane vesicles as does a polyclonal antiserum raised against a putative CryIA(c) 120 kDa binding protein from Manduca sexta. The 40 kDa CryIC binding protein was partially purified by affinity chromatography and is therefore a strong candidate for in vivo S. littoralis CryIC toxin receptor.
Uncoupling Phosphorylation in Spinach Chloroplasts by Absence of Cations (1962)

Abbreviations used in this paper include: tris for tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; ADP for adenosine diphosphate; EDTA for ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
Monoclonal Antibody to Fenbendazole: Utility in Residue Studies (2002)

A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA was developed for fenbendazole, a widely used benzimidazole anthelmintic, with approved uses in cattle and other food animals. The antibody was elicited using as hapten 2-succinamido-5(6)-phenylthiobenzimidazole, which was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to produce an immunogen and with horseradish peroxidase to prepare a labeled ligand. The ELISA was performed on aqueous extracts of bovine liver or diluted milk samples. In bovine liver, the limit of detection was 200 ppb; in the milk matrix, the limit of detection was 3 ppb. The ELISA method is a simple approach to screen food samples for residues of fenbendazole.
Precision localization in monte carlo sensor networks (2005)

Abstract — We have proposed Monte Carlo Sensor Networks as a method to solve certain sensor queries in the presence of noise and partial information. In that work we used very coarse position estimates for enemy agents. Here we propose methods to (1) improve the posterior probability estimates by using a more precise analysis of the sensor range geometry, and (2) help select advantageous locations to place the sensor nodes. I.
High efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} thin film solar cells without intermediate buffer layers (1998)

The nature of the interface between CuInGaSe{sub 2} (CIGS) and the chemical bath deposited CdS layer has been investigated. The authors show that heat-treating the absorbers in Cd- or Zn-containing solutions in the presence of ammonium hydroxide sets up an interfacial reaction with the possibility of an ion exchange occurring between Cd and Cu. The characteristics of devices made in this manner suggest that the reaction generates a thin, n-doped region in the absorber. The authors suggest that this aspect might be more important than the CdS layer in the formation of the junction. It is quite possible that the CdS/CuInSe{sub 2} device is a buried, shallow junction with a CdS window layer, rather than a heterojunction between CdS and CIGS. The authors use these ideas to develop methods for fabricating diodes without CdS or Cd.
Clustering Blogs with Collective Wisdom (2008)

Blogosphere is expanding in an unprecedented speed. A better understanding of the blogosphere can greatly facilitate the development of the Social Web to serve the needs of users, service providers and advertisers. One important task in this process is clustering blog sites. Clustering blog sites presents new challenges. We propose to tap into collective wisdom in clustering blog sites, present statistical and visual results, report findings, and suggest future work extending to many real-world applications.
New cell line from hairy‐cell leukemia: Confirmation of leukemic cell origin by karyotype and IG gene analysis (1988)

A hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) line, BNBH-I, was established from the peripheral blood of a 40-year-old male patient with HCL in a relatively stable clinical phase after splenectomy. The cells have since been growing continuously for more than 2 years. Their cell surface immunoglobulin (sIg) was identical with that found on the surface of freshly isolated leukemic cells, consisting of IgG-kappa. The BNBH-I cells were more mature than the original hairy cells in their degree of B-cell differentiation, as reflected by a decrease in sIg expression together with the appearance of some cytoplasmic Ig (cIg)+ cells, loss of EA gamma-rosette formation and reactivity with monoclonal antibody (MAb) FMC7, and an increase in the proportion of MAb PCA-I+ cells. The BNBH-I cells possessed the antigen recognized by Leu-M5, a highly specific MAb for HCL. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) was present. Both the freshly isolated leukemic cells and the cell line had the 14q+ involving q32 chromosomal abnormality, and their Ig gene rearrangements were also identical. Following exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), both the freshly isolated leukemic cells and the BNBH-I cells adhered to culture dishes and extended long, thin processes, a phenomenon characteristic of HCL. These results indicate that the BNBH-I line was derived from the leukemic hairy cells.
Lithium/Water Battery Using Lithium-Ion Conducting Glass Ceramics (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Efficient tunable LiF:<i>F</i><sub>2</sub>crystal lasers containing<i>F</i><sub>2</sub>and<i>F</i><sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>color centers (1992)

Optimization of the technology of fabrication of active LiF (F2→F2+) laser elements operating at room temperature ensured high parameters of broad-band emission of light by the F2 and F2+ color centers in a nonselective resonator pumped by the second harmonic of a pulse-periodic YAG:Nd3+ laser (λ = 0.532 μm). The efficiency of the LiF (F2→F2+) laser, expressed in terms of the pumping, was 38%, whereas in terms of the absorbed energy it was 41%. The service life of one pump channel of the LiF (F2→F2+) laser exceeded 5 × 105 pulses when the pump radiation power density was 150 MW/cm2 and the diameter of the active channel was d = 1.5 mm. Broad-band lasing of the F2 color centers in the same system, but without focusing of the pump radiation, was observed for a period of 15 min at a pulse repetition frequency 12.5 Hz when the pump power density was 40 MW/cm2.
Advances in Expandable Tubing – A Case History (2001)

Abstract The paper describes the world’s first use of expandable solid tubing to close off perforations. The development and testing of the system leading up to the two field installations is described with the execution and validation process. The fundamental concept of solid tubular expansion had been proven to be sound, but four main development hurdles needed to be overcome. Extensive innovation in design and material selection culminated in two main applications being fulfilled, with subsequent testing proving the absolute success of the technology. These first few steps pave the way to a number of existing commercial applications and our ultimate goal of mono-diameter wells.
Improving nonlinear precompensation in direct-detection optical OFDM communications systems (2008)

Carrier boosting at the receiver enables direct detection optical OFDM (DDO-OFDM) to outperform coherent OOFDM in the nonlinear limit. Boosting also improves the effectiveness of nonlinearity precompensation substantially.
A method for estimating costs and benefits of space assembly and servicing by astronauts and robots (2003)

One aspect of designing future space missions is to determine whether Space Assembly and Servicing (SAS) is useful and, if so, what combination of robots and astronauts provides the most effective means of accomplishing it. Certain aspects of these choices, such as the societal value of developing the means for humans to live in space, do not lend themselves to quantification. However, other SAS costs and benefits can be quantified in a manner that can help select the most cost-effective SAS approach. Any space facility, whether it is assembled and serviced or not, entails an eventual replacement cost due to wear and obsolescence. Servicing can reduce this cost by limiting replacement to only failed or obsolete components. However, servicing systems, such as space robots, have their own logistics cost, and astronauts can have even greater logistics requirements. On the other hand, humans can be more capable than robots at performing dexterous and unstructured tasks, which can reduce logistics costs by allowing a reduction in mass of replacement components. Overall, the cost-effectiveness of astronaut SAS depends on its efficiency; and, if astronauts have to be wholly justified by their servicing usefulness, then the serviced space facility has to be large enough to fully occupy them.
Deoxycytidine kinase and deoxyguanosine kinase of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> R-26 are colinear products of a single gene (1996)

Three of the four deoxynucleoside kinases required for growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 exist as heterodimeric pairs specific for deoxyadenosine (dAK) and deoxycytidine (dCK) or dAK and deoxyguanosine (dGK). However, only two tandem genes, dak/dgk, are found, and are expressed only as dAK/dGK in transformed Escherichia coli. Sequencing peptides spanning 63% of the native dCK subunit revealed a sequence identical to that deduced from dgk (beginning MTVIVL...), except that dCK lacks residues 2 and 3 (dCK is M..IVL; dGK is .TVIVL). Also, mass spectrometry indicates that native dCK and dGK subunits are identical in mass adjusted for the first three residues. Furthermore, the native enzymes have identical isoelectric pH values, indicating an equal number of charged residues. To enable E. coli to express peptide having the native dCK sequence, codons 2 and 3 were deleted from the dgk portion of the tandem genes, resulting in expression of protein having the specificities and regulatory properties of native dAK/dCK, including heterotropic stimulation of dAK activity by deoxycytidine or dCTP (not deoxyguanosine or dGTP) and end-product inhibition of the respective activities by dATP and dCTP. Subcloning normal and mutant dgk yielded homodimeric dGK and dCK, respectively. The dCK homodimer strongly resembles human dCK, with a low K(m) for deoxycytidine, the ability to phosphorylate deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine at much higher K(m) values, and end-product inhibition by dCTP. Thus two distinct and specific enzymes evidently are derived from a single Lactobacillus gene. The mechanism by which this occurs in vivo has yet to be elucidated.