gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zum laminar-turbulenten Transitionsprozess bei Anregung und Dämpfung schräglaufender Tollmien-Schlichting-Wellen (2001)

Als Teilprojekt des Themenkreises III &quot;Transitionskontrolle&quot; des Schwerpunkt-Forschungsprogramms &quot;Transition&quot; der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf experimentelle Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum laminar-turbulenten Grenzsichtumschlag. Die Experimente wurden in der Grenzschicht einer ebenen, parallel angeblasenen, hydraulisch glatten Platte durchgeführt. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt bildet die Abhängigkeit der Entwicklung der Instabilitäten, der sogenannten Tollmien-Schlichting Wellen, von deren Schräglaufwinkel zur Plattenvorderkante. Weiterhin wird der Einfluss zahlreicher Parameter wie z.B. des Schalldruckpegels und der Anregungsfrequenz diskutiert. Die Anregung der Tollmien-Schlichting Wellen erfolgte über periodisches Ausblasen / Ansaugen von Luft durch oberflächenbündige Schlitze quer zur Strömungsrichtung. Mit einem zeitlich hochauflösenden, restlichverstärkendem Kamerasystem konnten Aufnahmen der Strömungsvisualisierung erzielt werden, die unter anderem die zeitliche Entwicklung von Wirbelstrukturen (Lambda- Wirbel) zeigen. Zur Analyse der experimentell gewonnen Daten werden vergleichend Berechnungen nach der &quot;Linearen Stabilitätstheorie&quot; diskutiert. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bilden Untersuchungen zur aktiven Transitionskontrolle. Dabei wird der künstlich angeregten Tollmien Schlichting Welle eine gegenphasige Störwelle stromab überlagert. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, das mit diesem Verfahren entsprechend des Superpositionsprinzips, die anfängliche Störamplitude der Tollmien Schlichting Welle deutlich reduziert wird. Es kommt zu einer fast vollständigen Störauslöschung. Untersuchungen im Nahfeld der Störeinkopplung, sowohl im Bereich der Anregnung als auch der gegenphasigen Dämpfungseinkopplung, zeigen deren Auswirkung auf die Entwicklung der Grenzschicht.
Den Konjunkturverlauf und das Wachstum bestimmende Daten (1970)

Die Konjunkturtheorien ließen erkennen, daß der Verlauf der konjunkturellen Wellenbewegungen von einer Reihe von Daten bestimmt wird, beispielsweise von der Einkommensverwendung, d. h. von der Konsum- und Spargröße, von der Investitionsrate, vom Beschäftigungsgrad, von der Höhe der Löhne und Gewinne, also von der Verteilung des Volkseinkommens, aber auch vom Verhalten des Staates, etwa von seiner Fiskalpolitik, wie auch von den außenwirtschaftlichen Beziehungen unserer Volkswirtschaft.
Analysis of the Dynamic Influence of Social Network Nodes (2017)

In recent years, with the development of the social network theories, how to find or mining the most significant node in social network for understanding or controlling the information dissemination has become a hot topic and a series of effective algorithms have been presented. In this paper, a new scheme to measure the dynamic influence of the nodes in a social network is proposed, in which the sum of trust values of the propagation nodes is used. Simulations have been carried out and the results show that our scheme is stable and accurate.
Speaker Recognition Technology (2009)

Speaker recognition is the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking. This paper introduces three speaker recognition methods; a text-dependent method which uses predetermined keywords, a text-independent method which does not rely on a specific text being spoken, and a textprompted method in which the system prompts each user with a new key sentence every time the system is used. Recently, AT & T and TI (with US Sprint) started field tests and real application of speaker recognition technology, and the Sprint's Voice Phone Card has already been used by many customers. However, there still remain many technical problems to be solved. Among them, this paper introduces several issues that have recently been investigated at NTT Laboratories
An on-line preconcentrator and the evaluation of electrospray interfaces for the capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry of peptides (1999)

A unique preconcentrator was constructed for on-line preconcentration using capillary electrophoresis generating concentration detection limits for peptides in the mid-picomolar range. Several common sheathless electrospray configurations were constructed in conjunction with the preconcentrator and were compared. It was found that a palladium wire interface was the most reliable interface and the problems encountered using this interface are discussed. A tryptic digest of the myosin I heavy chain kinase that contains two phosphopeptides was separated by capillary electrophoresis using this interface and the on-line preconcentrator.
Expression and relationship of basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in femoral neck fracture (2009)

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)in the different phases of femoral neck fracture.Methods Immunohistochemical assays were used to determine the expression and distribution of bFGF and PDGF protein in 36 human specimen of femoral neck fracture.A was measured and analyzed by CMIAS color imaging analysis system for signals of bFGF protein were found high in the mesenchymal cells,monocyte and vascular endothelial cells at 1st week after fracture in 9 subjects,with A of (0.4076 ±0.0902).The weakly positive signals of PDGF protein were found in the mesenchymal cells,while strongly positive in the vascular endothelial cells with A of (0.2261 ±0.0636).At 2rd week,in 9 cases the expression of bFGF and PDGF was strongly expressed in fibroblasts,endothelial cells,cartilage cell and cartilage matrix,osteoblast,with A of[(0.6404±0.0920)and (0.7457±0.0756)]and significandy higher than that at 1st week (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the 3rd and 3nd week with A of[(0.7168±0.1346)and (0.8033±0.0491),P＞0.05 ].The expression of bFGF and PDGF protein was reduced obviously at 4th week but was positive in young and cartilage tissue,with A of [(0.5374correlation between bFGF and PDGF protein in different phases (r1week=0.792,r2week=0.834,r3week=0.880,entiation of cartilage cell and osteoblast,and induce proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and new blood vessel.③ Both bFGF and PDGF are bone growth factors, cooperating in regulating proliferation and differentiation of cartilage cell and osteoblast for fracture healing.

Key words: 
Femoral neck fracture; basic fibroblast growth factor; Platelet-derived growth factor; Immunohistochemistry
Prophylaxis of implant‐related staphylococcal infections using tobramycin‐containing bone cement (2000)

In a rabbit model, premixed tobramycin-containing bone cement was studied for its efficacy to prevent infections with two frequently encountered staphylococcal species in arthroplasty surgery. After intramedullary inoculation with staphylococci, either standard or premixed tobramycin-containing Simplex-P bone cement was injected in the right femur of 120 rabbits. Development of infection was examined by culture of femoral bone after 7 or 28 days. Loss of body weight and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the control rabbits inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus were seen in the first postoperative week, returning to normal in 28 days. Inoculation with Staphylococcus epidermidis resulted only in a low-grade infection. All rabbits receiving premixed tobramycin-containing bone cement were free of signs of infection, and all their cultures were negative. Culture yield from Staphylococcus aureus controls increased with time and inoculum dose. Staphylococcus epidermidis controls needed higher inoculum doses to establish an infection, while culture yield decreased in time. These differences in mode of prosthesis-related infection are explained by differences in virulence factors. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 754–761, 2000.
Quantum Computing with Incoherent Resources and Quantum Jumps (2012)

Spontaneous emission and the inelastic scattering of photons are two natural processes usually associated with decoherence and the reduction in the capacity to process quantum information. Here we show that, when suitably detected, these photons are sufficient to build all the fundamental blocks needed to perform quantum computation in the emitting qubits while protecting them from deleterious dissipative effects. We exemplify this by showing how to efficiently prepare graph states for the implementation of measurement-based quantum computation.
Low Energy Electron Spectroscopy—a Tool for Studies of Surface Vibrations (1972)

Surface vibrations are investigated with a high resolution electron spectrometer (ΔE≈10 meV). For sufficiently low electron energies the electrons are scattered mainly by the extended electric dipole field associated with certain types of surface vibrations. The excitation of Fuchs-Kliewer surface modes in infrared-active materials is illustrated in zinc oxide. On the cleaved (111) silicon surface a surface phonon of ℏω=56 meV is found. Furthermore, the localized modes of oxygen adsorbed on a (111) silicon surface are discussed. The sensitivity of electron spectroscopy is several orders of magnitude higher than light spectroscopy.
Simultaneous determination of cobalt, nickel and copper in seawater with a multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer and microcolumn preconcentration (2001)

A preconcentration system for multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was developed with a microcolumn packed with a chelating resin. The proposed method was applied successfully to the simultaneous determination of Co, Ni and Cu in seawater. A sample volume of 2 ml was required for the analysis. Retention of metal ions as a complex on the microcolumn was achieved by using Muromac A-1 (7 µl) as the chelating resin; 20% HNO3 (50 µl) was then used for elution. The eluate was injected directly into the graphite furnace. The simple calibration curve method was used. The detection limits and relative process standard deviations of this method were 1.5 × 10−4, 4.8 × 10−4 and 1.2 × 10−3 µg l−1, and 4.3, 4.8 and 9.9% for Co, Ni and Cu, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by the analysis of two certified reference saline waters.
HOPE: an efficient parallel fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits (1996)

HOPE is an efficient parallel fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits that employs the parallel version of the single fault propagation technique. HOPE is based on an earlier fault simulator railed PROOFS, which employs several heuristics to efficiently drop faults and to avoid simulation of many inactive faults. In this paper, we propose three new techniques that substantially speed up parallel fault simulation: (1) reduction of faults simulated in parallel through mapping nonstem faults to stem faults, (2) a new fault injection method called functional fault injection, and (3) a combination of a static fault ordering method and a dynamic fault ordering method. Based on our experiments, our fault simulator, HOPE, which incorporates the proposed techniques, is about 1.6 times faster than PROOFS for 16 benchmark circuits.
High-temperature fuel cells. Part 1; How the molten carbonate cell works, and the materials that make it possible (1991)

High-temperature fuel cells operate at temperatures greater than 600{degrees}C, producing high-quality by-product heat suitable for use in cogeneration schemes or bottoming cycles. Because of their high operating temperature, however, high-temperature fuel cells present several significant technical challenges. Both the advantages and the technical challenges are summarized in this paper. The special attraction of a high-temperature fuel cell is that common fuels such as methane can be reformed directly within the fuel cell (internal reforming). Thus, the need for fuel-processing subsystems is essentially eliminated, and a system based on high-temperature fuel cells can be simple and inexpensive. Two types of high-temperature fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) and solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are under development for a variety of applications. Potential commercial markets include electric utility, cogeneration, and on-site applications. Steady progress is being made toward commercialization of MCFCs, SOFCs, considered an advanced concept, are at an early stage of development.
Evaluation of inductance for various distributions of windings on straight ferromagnetic cores: an unusual approach (2002)

The detailed electromagnetic duality that relates small magnetic structures and small electric structures at ultralow and extremely low frequencies has recently been treated. The strict duality relationship holds provided that the structures possess similar geometry. For example, a short electric dipole antenna gapped in the middle is strongly related to the magnetic structure consisting of a short coil mounted in the middle of a rod of highly permeable material. In particular, the inductance of the latter magnetic structure can be derived directly from the capacitance between the electric dipole arms. The relationship has been thought to hold only for situations where the coil in the center of the core is very short. Here, however, we show that inductance can be evaluated even in cases where the windings are distributed beyond the center and cover relatively long portions of the ferromagnetic core. The extension of the theory described here relies on the fact that the distribution of the flux along the core is triangular-a fact derived from the similarity of the magnetic structure to a short electric dipole antenna, in which the current has a triangular profile. The triangular distribution provides a basis for evaluating the inductance of extended coils by relying on integration of the flux profile through the windings along the core. The results of the evaluation are in good agreement with laboratory measurements. The evaluation method, despite its simplicity, is based on analytical approach, unlike the many empirical methods of inductance evaluation described in the literature.
Case retrieval optimization of Case-based reasoning through Knowledge-intensive Similarity measures (2011)

based reasoning has become the emerging field of Artificial Intelligence area. It is mostly used in designing the real time application having the decision support capability. It reassembles with human reasoning approach. This reasoning approach contains four phases. It stores the solution of past problems faced in form the case in its case base. In this paper we have discussed about the case retrieval phase of case based reasoning approach. All efficiency of the CBR system depends on the case retrieval process. There are various strategies are used in this phase of case based reasoning. Nearest neighbour & Induction retrieval algorithms are discussed. These algorithms are very simple but inefficient in larger case base & incomplete case. In this paper we will discuss Knowledge- Intensive Similarity measure retrieval strategies for the case base reasoning system & model the knowlededge-intensive similarity measure by using myCBR tool. The basic purpose of our work is to over the bottlenecks of other retrieval strategies.
A pipet/reagent stand (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA pipet/reagent standJames M. Garrett Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 5, 436Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1982Published inissue 1 May 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ed059p436.3RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (364 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The thermal-cycled adhesion of thick-film copper conductors (2003)

The thermal-cycled adhesion performance of a high-solder-acceptance, high-adhesion, mixed-bonded copper conductor is described. An empirical expression that relates the adhesion strength of the conductor to the number of thermal cycles and to their temperature extremes has been developed. Refinements to the expression include the shape and duration of the thermal cycles and the influence of conductor thickness. The qualitative effects of solder type and the presence of underlying dielectric are also discussed. The performance of the conductor is compared to that for two other thick-film copper conductors; one is a mixed-bonded, low-firing temperature material (600 degrees C), and the other is an earlier generation material used as the experimental control. Significant chemical and metallurgical changes occur during the thermal cycling of a solder joint. Observations from the present work have been used to develop a general picture of the joint-weakening processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emergency Fall Incidents Detection in Assisted Living Environments Utilizing Motion, Sound, and Visual Perceptual Components (2010)

This paper presents the implementation details of a patient status awareness enabling human activity interpretation and emergency detection in cases, where the personal health is threatened like elder falls or patient collapses. The proposed system utilizes video, audio, and motion data captured from the patient's body using appropriate body sensors and the surrounding environment, using overhead cameras and microphone arrays. Appropriate tracking techniques are applied to the visual perceptual component enabling the trajectory tracking of persons, while proper audio data processing and sound directionality analysis in conjunction to motion information and subject's visual location can verify fall and indicate an emergency event. The postfall visual and motion behavior of the subject, which indicates the severity of the fall (e.g., if the person remains unconscious or patient recovers) is performed through a semantic representation of the patient's status, context and rules-based evaluation, and advanced classification. A number of advanced classification techniques have been examined in the framework of this study and their corresponding performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency in detecting an emergency situation has been thoroughly assessed.
확산접합한 Ti / Al 접합체의 미세조직과 접합강도 (1999)

The main objective of this study is to investigate the bonding strength and the microstructure of Ti/Al joints bonded by diffusion bonding method. The bonding of Ti/A1 was performed at the temperature range of 560-630℃ for 3-300min under bonding pressure of 1㎫ in vacuum atmosphere. The intermetallic compound, Al₃Ti, was found to be formed into the titanium side at the Ti/Al interface. The thickness of Al₃Ti layer was increased almost linearly with increasing bonding time up to about 10㎛. Bonding strength increased with increasing bonding time up to 60min at 600℃ The thickness of Al₃Ti layer was about 4㎛ at 600℃/60min. However, bonding strength showed a equal value(100㎫) at the bonding time range of 60-300min at 600℃. The Ti/Al joints were fractured at the interface of Al/Al₃Ti layer in all bonding conditions, no fracture was observed in Al₃Ti layer. Particularly, the Ti/Al joints bonded for more than 60min at 600℃ were fractured at the aluminium base metal. Therefore, it is considered that bonding strength was not dependent upon thickness of Al₃Ti layer(4-10㎛) because of Ti/Al joints were fractured at the interface of Al/Al₃Ti layer regardless of Al₃Ti layer thickness.
Relationship of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-  With Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Elderly Men and Women: The Health ABC Study (2002)

Higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha are associated with lower muscle mass and lower muscle strength in well-functioning older men and women. Higher cytokine levels, as often observed in healthy older persons, may contribute to the loss of muscle mass and strength that accompanies aging.
Fundamentals of Acute Burn Care and Physical Therapy Management (1984)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss general treatment guidelines for treating patients with acute burns and to review pathophysiology of acute burn injuries. I will discuss skin composition briefly, give a review of acute burn pathophysiology and medical treatment, outline the psychological factors physical therapists should consider when working with these patients, and discuss physical therapy for the patient with acute burns. Physical therapy for patients with burns has become a specialty as knowledge of burn injuries increases. I have attempted to review physical therapy burn knowledge for inexperienced clinicians beginning to treat patients with acute burns.
P2 purinoceptor-mediated dilations in the rat middle cerebral artery after ischemia-reperfusion (1999)

Endothelial-mediated dilations to selective P2Y1 and P2Y2 purinoceptor agonists [2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate (2MeS-ATP) and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), respectively] were evaluated in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of rats after 2 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion (I/R). MCAs were harvested, pressurized to 85 mmHg, and luminally perfused. 2MeS-ATP, which dilates by the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO), had significantly reduced maximum dilations following I/R. Reduced smooth muscle sensitivity to NO may explain the reduced dilation to 2MeS-ATP. In contrast, the dilations elicited by UTP were potentiated in that the concentration of agonist necessary to produce one-half of the maximum dilation was reduced by 75%. The potentiated dilation to UTP was the result of an endothelial factor having all the characteristics of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). That is, it was neither NO nor a cyclooxygenase metabolite, and its actions involved calcium-activated potassium channels and smooth muscle hyperpolarization. We conclude that the effect of I/R on endothelial-mediated dilations depends on the receptor system and the mechanism of dilation. Dilations elicited by 2MeS-ATP were attenuated, while dilations UTP were potentiated due to the upregulation of the EDHF mechanism.