gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of the Novel Six-Coordinate Atrane Cation in [FMeSn(HMeNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NMe)]BF<sub>4</sub> (1997)

The reaction of the azastannatranes RSn(NMeCH(2)CH(2))(3)N 1 (R = Me), 2 (R = n-Bu), and 3 (R = Ph) with BF(3).Et(2)O in THF gave the novel six-coordinate tin compounds 4-6, respectively, in which BF(3) adds across one of the three covalent Sn-N bonds to give a F-Sn<--NMe(BF(2)) linkage. The tricyclic atrane framework retained in the reaction with BF(3).Et(2)O is preserved under hydrolysis conditions with substoichiometric amounts of water. A hydrolysis product of 4 is the new fluorotin salt [FMeSn(HMeNCH(2)CH(2))(2)N(CH(2)CH(2)NMe)]BF(4) [7(BF(4))] whose structure, determined by X-ray analysis, also features a six-coordinate tin atom. The IR and NMR spectra of 4-6 confirm their six-coordinate nature. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra are assigned using COSY, NOESY, and selectively proton decoupled (13)C NMR spectral techniques. Crystallographic parameters for 7(BF(4)) are as follows: triclinic space group P&onemacr;, a = 8.295(2) Å, b = 8.924(2) Å, c = 13.639(2) Å, alpha = 88.59(2) degrees, beta = 74.83(2) degrees, gamma = 79.99(2) degrees, and Z = 2.
A Convenient Synthesis of Primary 2-Hydroxyorganophosphines from Red Phosphorus and Oxiranes (2000)

A number of 2-hydroxyorganophosphines HOCH(R1)CH(R2)PH2 2 have been obtained in good yields by reaction of oxiranes with sodium monophosphide, generated in situ from red phosphorus, sodium and tert-butyl alcohol in liquid ammonia.
Hotspots for copy number variation in chimpanzees and humans (2006)

Copy number variation is surprisingly common among humans and can be involved in phenotypic diversity and variable susceptibility to complex diseases, but little is known of the extent of copy number variation in nonhuman primates. We have used two array-based comparative genomic hybridization platforms to identify a total of 355 copy number variants (CNVs) in the genomes of 20 wild-born chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and have compared the identified chimpanzee CNVs to known human CNVs from previous studies. Many CNVs were observed in the corresponding regions in both chimpanzees and humans; especially those CNVs of higher frequency. Strikingly, these loci are enriched 20-fold for ancestral segmental duplications, which may facilitate CNV formation through nonallelic homologous recombination mechanisms. Therefore, some of these regions may be unstable "hotspots" for the genesis of copy number variation, with recurrent duplications and deletions occurring across and within species.
HEMOCOMPATIBILITY OF HYDRODYNAMIC LEVITATION BLOOD PUMPS (2003)

PURPOSE: Non-contacting bearing is the key technology for long-term implantable artificial hearts. We are developing a centrifugal pump whose impeller is levitated by original hydrodynamic bearings without any complicated control or sensing modules. METHODS: Using groove type hydrodynamic bearings for thrust and radial bearings, centrifugal pumps (HH1, HH2, HH4, HH5) were made. The impeller diameter was commonly 50 mm and the bearings act as hardening springs. The sum of the upper and the lower gaps of the thrust bearings were 25 mm (HH1) and 68mm (HH2, HH4, HH5), respectively. Special deep grooves were carved on HH4 and HH5 to increase the bearing-gap flow for antithrombogenicity. RESULTS: Sufficient pump performance (100 mmHg, 5L/min at 1900 rpm) and silent operation were verified for all the pumps. Gap measurement, carried out with a laser focus displacement meter, clarified that the minimum gap were 6 mm for HH1 and 34 mm for HH2, respectively, over 1000 rpm. Consequently the hemolysis level compared to HH1 became 1/6 (NIH=0.018) for HH2. Computational fluid dynamic analysis is predicting a certain increase of the bearing gap flow for HH4 and HH5. CONCLUSION: The hemolysis level of the hydrodynamic levitation pumps was reduced by expanding the bearing gap and adjusting the gap pressure. Improvement of the bearing-gap flow would attain the antithrombogenicity. Therefore, the hydrodynamic levitation pump would be expected to fit for implantable artificial hearts.
Synthesis of Silicone – Acrylate Copolymer Latexes and their Film Properties (1996)

Emulsion copolymerization of silicones (octomethyl tetracyclosiloxane, D4 and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, MATS) and acrylics was carried out using three different polymerization processes: semicontinuous monomer emulsion addition, batch and initiator solution addition. Results showed that only the semicontinuous process led to a stable latex with monodisperse particles. Various polymerizations were carried out through this process with varying silicone/acrylic ratios and MATS content. Films were obtained from different latexes: their properties are significantly influenced by silicone and MATS contents in copolymers.
A 3-MV Injector for the Superhilac (1971)

Author(s): Spence, D.A.; Gavin, B.F.; Peters, R.; Reginato, L.L.; Smith, B.H.; Wolgast, R.C.
Studies on Lignan Lactone Antitumor Agents. V. 1-<i>O</i>-(Aminoethyl) Ether of 4′-<i>O</i>-Demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin (1988)

Abstract 1-O-(2-Aminoethyl)-4′-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by a stereoselective BF3-catalyzed coupling of 4′-O-benzyloxycarbonyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin with the corresponding 2-aminoethanol derivatives, and with ethylene glycol followed by reductive amination of its aldehyde. Some 1-O-(2-aminoethyl) ethers of 4′-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin prolonged markedly survival periods in mice with leukemia L-1210.
Middle Fossa Vestibular Neurectomy for Refractory Vertigo (2014)

This is the first report of the anatomical and functional preservation of the inferior vestibular nerve in vestibular neurectomy for the treatment of refractory vertigo in unilateral Ménière's disease, with VEMP testing before and after vestibular neurectomy. The modified technique limits the surgical dissection and may help avoid complications such as postoperative hearing loss and persistent gait instability. This approach is indicated when other more conservative measures have failed, and patient selection is paramount to avoid long-term complications.
SINE Evolution, Missing Data, and the Origin of Whales (2000)

ANDREW M. SHEDLOCK,1,2 MICHELC. MILINKOVITCH,3 AND NORIHIRO OKADA1,4 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Molecular Evolution Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yokohama, Japan The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Molecular Systematics Group, Tokyo, Japan Free University of Brussels, cp300, Unit of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
The Two Options for Sample Evaporation in Hot GC Injectors:  Thermospray and Band Formation. Optimization of Conditions and Injector Design (2001)

Although classical split and splitless injection is more than 30 years old, we only start to understand the vaporization process in the injector. Solvent evaporation determines much of the process and is the first obstacle to overcome. Videos recorded on devices imitating injectors showed that sample (solvent) evaporation is often a violent process which is poorly controlled and might well explain many of the puzzling quantitative results often obtained. We do not adequately take into account that two vaporization techniques are in use. Partial solvent evaporation inside the syringe needle (optimized as "hot needle injection") produces thermospray: the sample liquid is nebulized upon leaving the needle. The resulting fog is rapidly slowed and moves with the gas. Solute evaporation largely occurs from microparticles suspended in the gas phase. Empty liners are most suitable. Fast autosamplers suppress vaporization in the needle, i.e., nebulization, and shoot a band of liquid into the chamber that must be stopped by a packing or obstacles suitable to hold the liquid in place during the 0.2-5 s required for solvent evaporation. Solute evaporation largely occurs from the surfaces onto which the sample is deposited. Insights into these mechanisms help optimize conditions in a more rational manner. Methods should specify whether they were optimized and validated for injection with thermospray or band formation. The insights should also enable a significant improvement of the injector design, particularly for splitless injection.
Broadcast Channels with Delayed Finite-Rate Feedback: Predict or Observe? (2011)

Most multiuser precoding techniques require accurate transmitter channel state information (CSIT) to maintain orthogonality between the users. Such techniques have proven quite fragile in time-varying channels because the CSIT is inherently imperfect due to estimation and feedback delay, as well quantization noise. An alternative approach recently proposed by Maddah-Ali and Tse (MAT) allows for significant multiplexing gain in the multi-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel (BC) even with transmit CSIT that is completely stale, i.e. uncorrelated with the current channel state. With $K$ users, their scheme claims to lose only a $\log(K)$ factor relative to the full $K$ degrees of freedom (DoF) attainable in the MISO BC with perfect CSIT for large $K$. However, their result does not consider the cost of the feedback, which is potentially very large in high mobility (short channel coherence time). In this paper, we more closely examine the MAT scheme and compare its DoF gain to single user transmission (which always achieves 1 DoF) and partial CSIT linear precoding (which achieves up to $K$). In particular, assuming the channel coherence time is $N$ symbol periods and the feedback delay is $N_{\rm fd}$ we show that when $N < (1+o(1)) K \log K$ (short coherence time), single user transmission performs best, whereas for $N> (1+o(1)) (N_{\rm fd}+ K / \log K)(1-\log^{-1}K)^{-1}$ (long coherence time), zero-forcing precoding outperforms the other two. The MAT scheme is optimal for intermediate coherence times, which for practical parameter choices is indeed quite a large and significant range, even accounting for the feedback cost.
Manufacturing tougher PLA by the liquid feeding of cellulose nanofiberes and plasticizer (2014)

A polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite with 9 times higher toughness than neat PLA was prepared by compounding extrusion using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as an additive and glycerol triacetate (GTA ...
SUBSTITUTED HYDANTOINS AND OROTIC ACIDS (1964)

not available
Diversity of the Early Step of the Futalosine Pathway (2010)

We recently demonstrated that the futalosine pathway was operating in some bacteria for the biosynthesis of menaquinone and that futalosine was converted into dehypoxanthinyl futalosine (DHFL) by an MqnB of Thermus thermophilus. In this study, we found that aminodeoxyfutalosine, which has adenine instead of hypoxanthine in futalosine, was directly converted into DHFL by an MqnB of Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, this step is potentially an attractive target for the development of specific anti-H. pylori drugs.
Exceedance of wet bulb globe temperature safety thresholds in sports under a warming climate (2013)

Extreme heat poses a serious health threat, particularly for people like athletes, soldiers, and workers engaged in outdoor physical activity. For athletes, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) specifies environmental risk categories based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). We examined the present and future frequency of days that exceed the most extreme ACSM risk category (> 32.3C), when training and practice activities should cease. Using a physically based model, the WBGT was computed for present (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) climate conditions using standard weather observations and for future (2041-2070) climate conditions using an ensemble of regional climate model output. Results indicate diverse spatial patterns of exceedance across the US in the present-day climate, ranging from < 5 d yr -1 in northern portions of the country to > 50 d yr -1 across portions of the southeastern US and southern Arizona. Under a warming climate, the frequency of days unsuitable for practice sessions according to current ACSM guidelines increases considerably, ranging from 15 to > 30 d yr -1 in broad swaths of the country. Further, our temporal analysis revealed an expansion in the threat for extreme heat through the day ranging from late morning through early evening, although early mornings remain one of the safest periods to avoid heat exposure. Various adaptation strategies such as shifting practice times and developing heat acclimatization plans may be useful in mitigating the impacts of more frequent oppressive days on training sessions.
Platform Synthesis: A Useful Strategy for Rapid and Systematic Generation of Molecular Diversity. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of a tool-set for simultaneous, multi-site observations of astronomical objects (1992)

A network of ground and space based telescopes can provide continuous observation of astronomical objects. In a 'Target of Opportunity' scenario triggered by the system, any telescope on the network may request supporting observations. We propose to develop a set of data collection and display tools to support these observations. We plan to demonstrate the usefulness of this tool set for simultaneous multi-site observations of astronomical targets. Possible candidates for the proposed demonstration include the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, International Ultraviolet Explorer, ALEXIS, and sounding rocket experiments. Ground based observations operated by the University of California, Berkeley; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; and Fairborn Observatory, Mesa, Arizona will be used to demonstrate the proposed concept. Although the demonstration will involve astronomical investigations, these tools will be applicable to a large number of scientific disciplines. The software tools and systems developed as a result of our work will be made available to the scientific community.
X‐Ray Observations of the Boundary Layer in Dwarf Novae at Low Accretion Rates (2005)

We present a spectral analysis of XMM-Newton data of ten dwarf novae, nine of which were observed during a quiescent state. The X-ray spectra indicate the presence of a hot, optically thin plasma with a temperature distribution consistent with a simple, isobaric cooling flow. The likely origin of the X-ray emission is cooling plasma in the boundary layer settling onto the white dwarf. Using a cooling flow model, we derive the temperatures, accretion rates, rotational velocities, and elemental abundances of the X-ray emitting gas. We discuss the implications of our findings for the structure of the boundary layer. A comparison of X-ray and ultraviolet luminosities finds no evidence of underluminous boundary layers in any of the quiescent dwarf novae. The X-ray spectrum of EI UMa differs significantly from those of the other objects, showing a strong fluorescent Fe K-alpha line and a strong O VII line triplet. Based on the observational evidence, we argue that EI UMa is most likely an intermediate polar and not as previously thought a dwarf nova.
Radioactive waste management approaches for developed countries (2013)

Nuclear power has demonstrated over the last 30 years its capacity to produce base-load electricity at a low, predictable and stable cost due to the very low economic dependence on the price of uranium. However the management of used nuclear fuel remains the “Achilles’ Heel” of this energy source since the storage of used nuclear fuel is increasing as evidenced by the following number with 2,000 tons of UNF produced each year by the 104 US nuclear reactor units which equates to a total of 62,000 spent fuel assemblies stored in dry cask and 88,000 stored in pools. Two options adopted by several countries will be presented. The first one adopted by Europe, Japan and Russia consists of recycling the used nuclear fuel after irradiation in a nuclear reactor. Ninety six percent of uranium and plutonium contained in the spent fuel could be reused to produce electricity and are worth recycling. The separation of uranium and plutonium from the wastes is realized through the industrial PUREX process so that they can be recycled for re-use in a nuclear reactor as a mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. The second option undertaken by Finland, Sweden and the United States implies the direct disposal more » of used nuclear fuel into a geologic formation. One has to remind that only 30% of the worldwide used nuclear fuel are currently recycled, the larger part being stored (70% in pool) waiting for scientific or political decisions. A third option is emerging with a closed fuel cycle which will improve the global sustainability of nuclear energy. This option will not only decrease the volume amount of nuclear waste but also the long-term radiotoxicity of the final waste, as well as improving the long-term safety and the heat-loading of the final repository. At the present time, numerous countries are focusing on the R&D recycling activities of the ultimate waste composed of fission products and minor actinides (americium and curium). Several new chemical extraction processes, such as TRUSPEAK, ALSEP, EXAM, or LUCA are pursued worldwide and their approaches will be highlighted. « less
Persistent Inflammation Induces GluR2 Internalization via NMDA Receptor-Triggered PKC Activation in Dorsal Horn Neurons (2009)

Spinal cord GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors (AMPARs) contribute to nociceptive hypersensitivity in persistent pain, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this event are not completely understood. We report that complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced peripheral inflammation induces synaptic GluR2 internalization in dorsal horn neurons during the maintenance of CFA-evoked nociceptive hypersensitivity. This internalization is initiated by GluR2 phosphorylation at Ser(880) and subsequent disruption of GluR2 binding to its synaptic anchoring protein (GRIP), resulting in a switch of GluR2-containing AMPARs to GluR2-lacking AMPARs and an increase of AMPAR Ca(2+) permeability at the synapses in dorsal horn neurons. Spinal cord NMDA receptor-mediated triggering of protein kinase C (PKC) activation is required for the induction and maintenance of CFA-induced dorsal horn GluR2 internalization. Moreover, preventing CFA-induced spinal GluR2 internalization through targeted mutation of the GluR2 PKC phosphorylation site impairs CFA-evoked nociceptive hypersensitivity during the maintenance period. These results suggest that dorsal horn GluR2 internalization might participate in the maintenance of NMDA receptor/PKC-dependent nociceptive hypersensitivity in persistent inflammatory pain.
Smart Node: Intelligent Traffic Interpretation (2008)

Abstract: The wide application of GPS navigation system on vehicles has increased the quality of the driving experience. The current GPS based navigation system, however, suffers from the limited real-time traffic updates, and therefore poses a need to cover more areas with traffic sensor infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a framework for intelligent traffic interpretation aiming to enhance the quality of vehicle probe data for navigation applications. In the proposed framework, traffic interpretation can be achieved by either a single smart camera or through the communication within a network of smart cameras mounted on vehicles. Each individual smart camera collects sensory data, which are further processed by different modules of the system to estimate the speed of the nearby vehicles on individual lanes. The sensory data that are collected include sequence of images from video camera, motion parameters from vehicle CAN bus, position information from GPS, and road information from digital map. The estimated speeds are then either used to infer the traffic status within the smart camera per se or shared among the network to achieve a better interpretation by aggregation. The system and the framework will be described in detail in this paper.
Biopsy Support for the Validity of Pittsburgh Compound B Positron Emission Tomography With a Twist (2008)

Amyloid imaging with the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) has spread to many centers around the world since the presentation of its first human studies performed in Uppsala, Sweden, in 2002.1 At the time of this writing, there are at least 17 sites in North America, 9 in Japan, 8 in Europe, 3 in Korea, and 1 in Australia that have successfully used PiB PET in thousands of subjects. Amyloid imaging with PiB has become an integral part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in North America and equivalent studies in Japan and Australia. The relatively rapid worldwide acceptance of this new technology lies partly in the potential utility of amyloid imaging for the following: (1) early (perhaps presymptomatic) diagnosis; (2) the development of anti-amyloid therapies; and (3) deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Another reason for the rapid dissemination of PiB imaging may have been the body of preclinical work supporting the concept that PiB retention accurately reflects the deposition of fibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the brain.2–4 That, along with the fact that the pattern of PiB retention in humans5 matched the expected pattern of amyloid deposition deduced from the study of postmortem brain tissue,6–8 built confidence in the validity of amyloid imaging and encouraged the proliferation of this technology. Confidence in the relationship between PiB retention and amyloid content has been further bolstered by 2 postmortem studies that correlated in vivo PiB retention to postmortem measures of amyloid deposition. The first of these focused on a case with a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies and extensive cerebral amyloid angiopathy.9 The second was a case that showed the typical clinical symptoms of AD and classic AD pathological findings at autopsy.10 These postmortem studies showed that the amount and location of in vivo PiB retention in these 2 cases corresponded very well to the amount and location of Aβ deposits present after death.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of New Rhodium and Iridium Complexes, Bearing a Highly Electron-Donating PNP System. Iridium-Mediated Vinylic C−H Bond Activation (2002)

Reaction of the new highly electron-donating PNP ligand [2,6-bis-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine] (1) with [Rh(COE)2Cl]2 (COE = cyclooctene) at room temperature resulted in formation of the neutral Rh(I) complex [Rh(PNP)Cl] (2). Unsaturated cationic complexes [Rh(PNP)(CH3CN)]BF4 (3) and [Rh(PNP)(C2H4)]SO3CF3 (4) were obtained in reaction of 1 with [(COE)2Rh(CH3CN)2]BF4 and [(C2H4)2Rh(THF)2]SO3CF3, respectively. Upon reaction of the PNP ligand 1 with [Ir(COE)2Cl]2, facile vinylic C−H activation takes place, yielding the hydrido-vinyl complex [ClIr(PNP)(H)(C8H13)] (5). Also, coordination of ligand 1 to the cationic iridium complex [Ir(COD)2]BF4 (COD = cyclooctadiene) in RCN (R = CH3, CH(CH3)2, C(CH3)3) led to iridium insertion into a vinylic C−H bond, resulting in complexes [(RCN)Ir(PNP)(H)(C8H11)]BF4 (6a−c). The hydrido-vinyl complexes 6a,c readily react with H2 (2 atm) at room temperature, affording the iridium dihydride complexes [(RCN)Ir(PNP)(H)2]BF4 (R = CH3, C(CH3)3) (7a,b).