gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
US Department of Energy Science and Engineering Research Semester: Profile and survey of 1987--1990 SERS participants (1991)

The Science and Engineering Research Semester (SERS) program sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), University and Science Education Programs Office, is designed to provide research appointments to US undergraduate students. From 1987 to 1990, a diverse group of more than 600 undergraduate students participated in the program at 6 laboratory sites. These former participants were surveyed; survey results are reported in this document. More than 600 students participated in the program during the first three years of the program. These students were from more than 340 colleges and universities from throughout the United States. About 98 percent of the students participating were majoring in biological sciences, chemistry, computer science, environmental science, engineering, or physics/astronomy as compared to the national bachelor`s degree recipients in science and engineering who had about 60 percent in these majors. Ninety-five percent of the students who responded to the exit survey indicated that they participated in actual ongoing research during the SERS program. More than 86 percent expressed that they contributed significantly to the ongoing research. The respondents indicated that they used a broad spectrum of scientific equipment including image processors, laser equipment, magnetic equipment, microscopes, spectrometers, synthesis and preparation equipment, sorters/sensors, computer andmore » acquisition equipment, and lasers. More than half of the respondents indicated that the program encouraged them to pursue higher level graduate degrees in science and engineering and influenced their decision on choice of occupation.« less
Light scatter as an adjunct to cellular immunofluorescence in flow cytometric systems. (1982)

Optical flow cytometry has provided a rapid method for the analysis of cell surface markers to accompany the recent proliferation of monoclonal antibodies specific to subsets of peripheral blood cells. This review presents the physical principles by which cell populations are distinguished in flow cytometry, thereby comparing the complementary roles of light scatter from the interior structure of cells, fluorescence from labeled antibody, and optical interactions with enzyme labels. The role of multiple labels is also discussed. Data handling and automation are reviewed with reference to state-of-the-art commercial systems with specific reference to techniques based on whole blood samples and rapid sample preparation and analysis.
Genetic segregation of natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains derived from spontaneous fermentation of Aglianico wine (2004)

Winemaking is critically dependent on the physiological properties and genetic stability of the fermenting Saccharomyces yeasts. Selection of clones from F2 or later generations can be a method of reduction of genetic instability.
Prevalence of anabolic steroid use among illinois high school students. (1994)

This study was conducted to quantify anabolic steroid use in Illinois, investigate student knowledge and perception of anabolic steroid use, and identify characteristics of the anabolic steroid user. We surveyed 3047 freshman and senior high school students from 38 high schools, randomly selected from three school enrollment sizes and five geographic locations, using a six-page anonymous questionnaire. Anabolic steroid use was reported by 58 (1.9%) of the participants, 44 of 1477 (3%) males and 14 of 1562 (0.9%) females. Thirty-four of 1679 (2%) freshman and 24 of 1366 (1.8%) seniors reported use. Anabolic steroids were used in all possible school enrollment sizes and geographic locations (matrix cells). Four (7%) of the users reported starting at age 10 or younger. A teacher/coach was reported as a primary source by 8 (14%) of the users, as well as identified by 11 (19%) of the users as the individual they knew using anabolic steroids. It appears that anabolic steroids are being introduced to students in elementary and junior high schools, and that teachers/coaches are actively involved in their use.
Variation of Ursolic Acid Content in Eight Ocimum Species from Northeastern Brazil (2008)

Ursolic acid is a very important compound due to its biological potential as an anti-inflammatory, trypanocidal, antirheumatic, antiviral, antioxidant and antitumoral agent. This study presents the HPLC analysis of ursolic acid (UA) content in eight different Ocimum species: O. americanum L., O. basilicum L, O. basilicum var purpurascens Benth, O. basilicum var. minimum L, O. gratissimum L, O. micranthum Willd, O. selloi Benth. and O. tenuiflorum L. grown in Northeastern Brazil. In these Ocimum species, UA was detected in different yields, with O. tenuiflorum showing the highest content (2.02%). This yield is very significant when compared with other sources of UA.
Energetic Crosstalk Between Organelles (2001)

Cells with high and fluctuating energy demands such as cardiomyocytes need efficient systems to link energy production to energy utilization. This is achieved in part by compartmentalized energy transfer enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK). However, hearts from CK-deficient mice develop normal cardiac function under conditions of moderate workload. We have therefore investigated whether a direct functional interplay exists between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum or between mitochondria and myofilaments in cardiac cells that catalyzes direct energy and signal channeling between organelles. We used the selective permeabilization of sarcolemmal membranes with saponin to study the functional interactions between organelles within the cellular architecture. We measured contractile kinetics, oxygen consumption, and caffeine-induced tension transients. The results show that in hearts of normal mice, ATP produced by mitochondria (supplied with substrates, oxygen, and adenine nucleotides) was able to sustain calcium uptake and contractile speed. Moreover, direct mitochondrially supplied ATP was nearly as effective as CK-supplied ATP and much more effective than externally supplied ATP, suggesting that a direct ATP/ADP channeling exists between the sites of energy production (mitochondria) and energy utilization (sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofilaments). On the other hand, in cardiac cells of mice deficient in mitochondrial and cytosolic CK, marked cytoarchitectural modifications were observed, and direct adenine nucleotide channeling between mitochondria and organelles was still effective for sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofilaments. Such direct crosstalk between organelles may explain the preserved cardiac function of CK-deficient mice under moderate workloads.
The Effect of Nonvisible Sleep Fragmentation on Daytime Function (1997)

Abstract Patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) suffer from impaired daytime function that correlates with hypoxemia and visible electroencephalographic (EEG) arousals. However, not all breathing irregularities during sleep terminate with visible EEG arousal. We hypothesized that sleep disturbance without visible EEG change may impair daytime function. Twelve normal subjects spent two pairs of 2 nights each in the laboratory. The first night of each pair was for acclimatization. On the second night, subjects either slept undisturbed or had sleep fragmented every minute to cause a transient increase in arterial blood pressure or increase in heart rate without visible EEG arousal. We tested daytime function after each study night. We presented 253 +/- 23 tones (mean +/- SD), 79 +/- 7% of which did not cause visible EEG arousals. Fragmentation did not alter total sleep time (undisturbed: 419 +/- 27 min; fragmented: 414 +/- 32 min; p = 0.5) or arousal frequency (undisturbed: 22 +/- 4/h; fragmented: 25 +/- 6/h; p = 0.4). Fragmentation reduced slow-wave sleep (undisturbed: 24 +/- 5%; fragmented: 20 +/- 4%; p &lt; 0.01), mean sleep onset latency on the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) (undisturbed: 8.0 +/- 3.1; fragmented: 6.2 +/- 2.1 min; p = 0.01) and the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) (undisturbed: 29.0 +/- 10.0 min; fragmented 25.7 +/- 9.7 min; p = 0.04). Fragmentation decreased hedonic tone at 7 A.M. (27 +/- 4, 25 +/- 6; p = 0.03). Nonvisible (autonomic) sleep fragmentation makes normal subjects sleepier and impairs their mood.
Low Emission Concept Vehicles (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A joint automotive and petroleum research program to develop prototype fuel and hardware requirements for low-emission vehicle systems is described. The relevance of the very stringent emission targets established by the Inter-Industry Emission Control (IIEC) program on the overall improvement in ambient air quality for the Los Angeles basin is illustrated.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Three separate low-emission concept vehicle systems targeted to meet the very stringent emission targets of the IIEC program are described. Emission performance of these three systems on the recently published, more severe federal exhaust emission test procedures (July 15-November 10, 1970) are given. In addition, preliminary emission data are presented from a fourth low-emission concept vehicle system which combines the emission hardware features of the three earlier systems (thermal reactors with catalysts and an exhaust gas recirculation system).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle fuel economy penalties and operating temperature problems of the low-emission concept vehicles are discussed. The limited durability experience to date has defined major problems on critical subsystem components used in these low-emission concept vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A projection is made on how the emission levels achieved in these “single vehicle” research-oriented tests would increase to account for the depreciation of the emission control system with mileage and for the tolerances and variability existing in mass production.</div>
Antimicrobial Potential of Carvacrol against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli via Membrane Disruption, Depolarization, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation (2017)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a serious threat to cure diseases associated with microbial infection. Among the resistant bacteria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are the most concerned one as they encode the enzyme β-lactamase that confers resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial potential and the principle mechanism of action of carvacrol against ESBL <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from ascitic fluid of a patient having a urinary tract infection. Carvacrol exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 450 μg/ml at which it reduced <i>E. coli</i> cell counts significantly in a time-dependent manner. Carvacrol completely diminished the growth of <i>E. coli</i> after 2 h of incubation at its MIC. Fluorescent imaging displayed the elevated reactive oxygen species level and bacterial membrane depolarization leading to <i>E. coli</i> cell death in presence of carvacrol at its MIC. Furthermore, carvacrol displayed a severe detrimental effect on bacterial membrane disruption and cellular material release. In addition, a significant effect of carvacrol at sub-inhibitory concentration was observed on motility of <i>E. coli</i> cells and invasion of human colon HCT-116 cells in an <i>ex vivo</i> model. Based on the results, we conclude a potential antimicrobial role of carvacrol against ESBL <i>E. coli</i>.
Intrinsic Optical Absorption in Germanium-Silicon Alloys (1958)

The intrinsic optical absorption spectrum for the germanium-silicon alloy system has been measured as a function of temperature and composition. Over the entire composition range the absorption near the threshold ($K<100$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) exhibits a temperature dependence which is characteristic of phonon-assisted indirect electronic transitions. There appears to be no temperature-independent component of the absorption attributable to disorder-assisted transitions. When the phonon contribution to the absorption is explicitly taken into account, as in a Macfarlane-Roberts type analysis, the experimental data yield an equivalent phonon temperature which varies from 270\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for pure Ge to 550\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for pure Si, with most of the variation occurring in the middle of the composition range. The composition dependence of the derived energy gap shows an abrupt change in slope at about 15 atomic percent Si. This is due to a switch from a Ge-like ([111]) to a Si-like ([100]) conduction band structure. The onset of direct electronic transitions (${10}^{2} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}<K<{10}^{4} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) was observed as a function of composition in the Ge-rich alloys. The data show that the [000] conduction band minimum moves more rapidly than the [111] minima as Si is added to Ge. In an attempt to account for the observed variation of the phonon equivalent temperature with composition, certain lattice vibrational modes were computed on the basis of a number of simplified models. The one which gives the most realistic results emphasizes the presence of atoms of different masses and some short-range order in the alloy lattice.
La suspensión ordinaria de la ejecución de las penas en el proyecto de reforma del código penal (2014)

La suspension de la ejecucion de la pena, como alternativa al cumplimiento de las penas privativas de libertad de corta duracion, se ve sustancialmente afectada por el reciente Proyecto de reforma del Codigo Penal planteado por el Gobierno. A grandes rasgos, el meritado Proyecto pretende la unificacion de los institutos de la suspension, llamada ordinaria, de la ejecucion de la pena, de la suspension de la ejecucion de la pena por haber cometido el hecho el culpable a causa de su adiccion a las sustancias toxicas, de la suspension por enfermedad muy grave con padecimientos incurables, y de la sustitucion de la pena de prision. Al tiempo, introduce una segunda manifestacion de la suspension, que denomina suspension de la ejecucion del resto de la pena, que viene a absorber practicamente el contenido, extension y naturaleza de la libertad condicional. Y todo ello, con el proposito de resolver las lagunas, omisiones y contradicciones que se venian advirtiendo en la vigente regulacion. Proposito que, no solo no termina de alcanzar, sino que sirve a la materializacion de nuevas lagunas, omisiones y contradicciones, generadoras, si cabe, de una mayor controversia.
Mechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis. (2009)

Respiratory exposure to asbestos fibers has been associated with diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) in humans. Despite advancements in the molecular analyses of human DMM and the development of animal models, the carcinogenic mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. There are basically three hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced DMM, which may be summarized as follows: (1) the "oxidative stress theory" is based on the fact that phagocytic cells that engulf asbestos fibers produce large amounts of free radicals due to their inability to digest the fibers, and epidemiological studies indicating that iron-containing asbestos fibers appear more carcinogenic; (2) the "chromosome tangling theory" postulates that asbestos fibers damage chromosomes when cells divide; and (3) the "theory of adsorption of many specific proteins as well as carcinogenic molecules" states that asbestos fibers in vivo concentrate proteins or chemicals including the components of cigarette smoke. Elucidation of the major mechanisms underlying DMM would be helpful for the development of novel strategies to prevent DMM induction in people who have already been exposed to asbestos.
Joint Buffering and Rate Control for Video Streaming over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2011)

The integration of heterogeneous access networks is becoming a possible feature of 4G wireless networks. It is challenging to deliver the multimedia services over such integrated networks because of the discrepancy in the bandwidth of different networks. This thesis presents an adaptive approach that combines source rate adaptation and buffering to achieve high quality VBR video streaming with less quality variation over an integrated two-tier network. Statistical information of the residence time in each network or localization information are utilized to anticipate the handoff occurrence. The performance of this approach is analyzed under the CBR case using a Markov reward model. Simulation under the CBR and VBR cases is conducted for different types of network models. The results are compared with a dynamic programming algorithm as well as other naive or intuitive algorithms, and proved to be promising.
KnowIME: A System to Construct a Knowledge Graph for Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment (2020)

With the development of a new generation of information technology, such as big data and cognitive intelligence, we are in the postmodern era of artificial intelligence. Currently, the manufacturing industry is in the critical period of transitioning to smart manufacturing, but the cognitive capabilities of devices in smart factories are still scarce. Knowledge Graph (KG) is one of the key technologies of cognitive intelligence, which opens a new path for the horizontal integration of intelligent manufacturing. Therefore, this paper proposes and builds a manufacturing equipment information query system based on KG. Firstly, a large amount of heterogeneous data that contains vast devices information is obtained from the network. Secondly, the conditional random fields (CRF) algorithm is used to extract the entity name, product place, and company name of the device, and then the relationship between the device entities is identified by calculating the similarity and Chinese syntax analysis. In the validation section, we use to the map of Neo4j graph database, when we input a name of a device in the search box, the system can return a relational graph node. In addition, the shortest path optimization algorithm is used to calculate the similarity between nodes in the search process to achieve the recommendation of similar node information.
Automatic time sequence alignment in contrast enhanced MRI by maximization of mutual information (2005)

The use of a contrast medium allows the high-resolution anatomical information provided by standard magnetic resonance to be combined with functional information obtained by means of diffusion of contrast agent in tissues or in the vascular net. To effectively use this kind of image for medical diagnosis, quantitative analysis should be performed. We propose an automatic registration procedure based on maximization of the mutual information that address the requirement of fast and automatic tools for quantitative analysis of contrast medium enhanced MR images. Two optimization algorithms for maximization of the mutual information are discussed, taking into account both time performance and registration quality. We present also preliminary results on cardiac and wrist MR images showing that misalignments and artifacts introduced by patient movement during the examination are greatly reduced by our application.
<title>Gamut mapping in multiple color spaces</title> (1999)

In the process of gamut mapping from monitor display into printer hardcopy in CIE L*a*b* color space, blue is tend to map to purple. This paper presents a new approach to solve the perceived blue hue shift problem. By this approach, the entire color gamut is divided into four regions: a non-blue region, a blue-region, and two in-between regions. The segmentation of the four regions is based on the hue angle in CIE L*a*b* color space. Different color spaces are applied to different regions for gamut mapping. In the non- blue region, CIE L*a*b* color space is applied for gamut mapping. In the blue region, CIE L*u*v* color space is applied to eliminate the perceived blue shift. In the two in-between regions, both color spaces are used for gamut mapping, and a weighting function is applied for smooth transaction.
Comparison of sensitivity between real-time detection of a TaqMan assay for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and conventional detection (2011)

A sensitive and quantitative TaqMan assay for the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) has been developed and is routinely used in diagnostic laboratories. We assessed whether the real time detection of the TaqMan assay was as sensitive as the detection of the PCR product by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. We found, for practical purposes, that gel-based detection of the diagnostic fragment produced by means of the TaqMan assay or by conventional PCR that used a different polymerase and reaction mix was as sensitive as the real-time detection of the TaqMan assay. We recommend the qualified use of conventional PCR amplification combined with agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining for studies where only prevalence data are required, funding for equipment is limited or the acquisition of a real-time system is not cost effective.
Synthesis of Leustroducsin B (2008)

The leustroducsins show various biological activities, including antimetastatic properties. A convergent approach to leustroducsin B is reported, based on a synthesis of the structurally related fostriecin by the same group. The three major fragments A, B and F were synthesized from known compounds.
Simulation methods for RF integrated circuits (1997)

The principles employed in the development of modern RF simulators are introduced and the various techniques currently in use, or expected to be in use in the next few years, are surveyed. Frequency and time domain techniques are presented and contrasted, as are steady state and envelope techniques and large and small signal techniques.
Rheumatoid Factors: Clinical Applications (2013)

Rheumatoid factors are antibodies directed against the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. First detected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 70 years ago, they can also be found in patients with other autoimmune and nonautoimmune conditions, as well as in healthy subjects. Rheumatoid factors form part of the workup for the differential diagnosis of arthropathies. In clinical practice, it is recommended to measure anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factors together because anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies alone are only moderately sensitive, and the combination of the two markers improves diagnostic accuracy, especially in the case of early rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, different rheumatoid factor isotypes alone or in combination can be helpful when managing rheumatoid arthritis patients, from the time of diagnosis until deciding on the choice of therapeutic strategy.
Effects of Glaucoma Medications on Corneal Endothelium, Keratocytes, and Subbasal Nerves Among Participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (2006)

Chronic administration of glaucoma medications causes a decrease in the number and density of corneal subbasal nerve fiber bundles but does not affect keratocyte density or corneal endothelial characteristics.
Surgeon‐Rated Visualization in Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial Comparing Irrigation Fluid With and Without Epinephrine (2014)

Level I, high-quality randomized controlled trial with statistically significant difference.