gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatase inhibitor plus ovarian suppression as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal women with breast cancer (2014)

The goal of adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer is to prevent recurrence by eradicating micrometastatic disease. Recent studies have shown that the use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as adjuvant therapy improves outcomes for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer compared to adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen alone. The research question has been raised whether AIs would have similar improvements in disease-free survival (DFS) in premenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Combining 2 phase 3 clinical trials (n = 4,690), Pagani and colleagues randomized premenopausal women with ER-positive early breast cancer to exemestane plus ovarian suppression or tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression for a period of 5 y. After a median follow-up of 68 months, DFS was 91.1% in the AI group and 87.3% in the tamoxifen group. In premenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer, adjuvant treatment with exemestane plus ovarian suppression, as compared with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, significantly reduced recurrence.
Investigation of time-dependent correlation properties of the bidirectional dye ring laser (1985)

Fluctuations of the two mode intensities in an Rh6G-dye ring laser have been investigated experimentally by two-time photoelectric autocorrelation and cross-correlation measurements, over a range of working points from well below to well above threshold. The results are compared with computer solutions of the laser equations of motion containing both additive (quantum) noise and multiplicative (pumping) noise. The former noise is taken to be white, and the latter Lorentzian. Reasonable agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. Very large intensity fluctuations are observed just below threshold, which are attributable to pumping fluctuations. In this domain of operation both laser modes turn on and off together, and the intensity cross-correlation function is positive with relatively short correlation time. Well above threshold, on the other hand, the laser switches alternately between the two modes, and the intensity cross correlation is negative with long time constant. The mode switching is associated with quantum, or spontaneous emission, fluctuations and disappears in their absence. A graph of correlation time versus intensity exhibits a drastic steepening in the region where mode switching commences, even on a logarithmic scale, and this is consistent with first-passage time calculations.
FIRST AND PEAK CARDIAC TROPONIN I PREDICT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (2004)

SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 34TH CRITICAL CARE CONGRESS PHOENIX, ARIZONA, USA JANUARY 15-19, 2005: Poster Presentation: Clinical Science: Neurological Disease or Dysfunction (Adult) I
Reduced Ex Vivo Interleukin-8 Production by Neutrophils in Septic and Nonseptic Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (1998)

Ex vivo cytokine production by circulating lymphocytes and monocytes is reduced in patients with infectious or noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Very few studies have addressed the reactivity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). To analyze further the relative contribution of systemic inflammatory response syndrome alone or in combination with infection we studied the interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by PMN isolated from patients who had undergone cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and patients with sepsis. Cells were activated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or heat-killed streptococci. Compared with healthy controls, the release of IL-8 by PMN in both groups of patients was significantly reduced whether activated by LPS, independently of its concentration and origin, or by heat-killed streptococci. These observations suggest that stressful conditions related to inflammation, independently of infection, rapidly dampened the reactivity of circulating PMN. We investigated whether the observed diminished reactivity of PMN might reflect an endotoxin tolerance phenomenon. Our in vitro experiments with PMN from healthy controls indicated that PMN could not be rendered tolerant stricto sensu. However, our data suggested that LPS-induced mediators such as IL-10 may be responsible for the observed anergy in patients.
Smad3-Deficient Chondrocytes Have Enhanced BMP Signaling and Accelerated Differentiation (2006)

These findings show a key role for BMP signaling during the chondrocyte maturation, occurring with loss of TGF-beta signaling with important implications for osteoarthritis and cartilage diseases.
Detection of Antibody to E. coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Bovine Sera Samples from Various Regions of France (2010)

Summary Serological studies on 52 calves and 10 cows provided additional evidence of a possible role of heat-labile toxin-producing bacteria in calf diarrhea. Zusammenfassung Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen das hitzelabile E. coli-Enterotoxin in Rinderserumproben aus verschiedenen Regionen Frankreichs Serologische Untersuchungen bei 52 Kälbern und 10 Kühen lieferten Anhaltspunkte für eine mögliche Mitbeteiligung von hitzelabiles Enterotoxin erzeugenden Bakterien an der Kälber-Diarrhoe.
Special Edition MUSEEDTV. A Study on Three Dimensional Noise Characteristics of Letterbox EDTV. (1994)

noise characteristics between the current NTSC television systems and letterbox EDTV systems are studied. We showed that when pictures are displayed in an area of the identical picture height, and signal to noise ratio of the transmission signals is maintained at the same level, as in NTSC, the three-dimensional noise power spectrum of the main panel of letterbox EDTV is transformed into the low spatial frequency area with high density, although the total noise power is unchanged.
Immunological evidence for the transmembrane nature of the rat liver receptor for asialoglycoproteins. (1981)

Antibodies raised in goats against the rat hepatic receptor for desialylated glycoproteins were perfused through a rat liver and were specifically retained by the liver. These antireceptor antibodies also bound specifically to hepatocyte plasma membranes oriented with their cytoplasmic surface outward on polylysine-derivatized beads. These two phenomena were judged to be properties of distinct subpopulations of the antibody preparation because: (i) maximal adsorption of antibodies with membranes on polylysine beads did not affect subsequent retention by the perfused liver, and (ii) whereas perfusion resulted in a depletion of antibodies capable of blocking ligand binding, adsorption by the everted membrane preparation led to a relative enrichment of blocking antibodies. These results are interpreted as indicative of distinct antigenic determinants of the receptor being present on the two faces of the membrane and demonstrate a transbilayer disposition of the asialoglycoprotein receptor.
Changes in the physical structure and chain dynamics of elastin network in homocysteine‐cultured arteries (2009)

The thermal and dielectric properties of the elastin network were investigated in arteries cultured with physiological and pathological concentrations of homocysteine, an aminoacid responsible of histological impairments in human arteries. The physical structure of this amorphous protein was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To explore the molecular dynamics of the elastin network in the nanometer range, we used thermally stimulated currents (TSC), a dielectric technique running at low frequency, and measuring the dipolar reorientations in proteins subjected to a static electrical field. Combining DSC and TSC experiments reveals the molecular mobility of the proteins, both in the glassy state and in the liquid state. Significant differences are evidenced in the physical structure and relaxation behavior of elastin network in cultured arteries (physiological and pathological concentrations of homocysteine) and discussed.
On material frame-indifference of turbulence closure models (1987)

Abstract The transformation of the second-order moment equation in turbulence under a change of frame is examined. The proper transformation of the apparent body force is included. It is shown that the second-order closure is consistent with the principle of material frame-indifference of continuum mechanics. The implications on second-order modeling are discussed.
Increasing the exchange-bias field of Ni0.5Co0.5O films by microstructural control (1999)

The exchange-bias field produced by antiferromagnetic monoxide films has been shown to scale with the density of uncompensated interfacial spins. The uncompensated spin density is inversely proportional to the interfacial grain diameter. Accordingly, we have prepared Ni0.5Co0.5O films in which the average interfacial grain diameter is small, but the grains are elongated, thus avoiding thermally activated fluctuations of the spin system associated with small grain volumes. The exchange-bias field remained inversely proportional to the interfacial grain diameter, and was increased to twice its previous maximum value without introducing significant thermal instability.
High‐Quality Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Lasing from Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets (2016)

Semiconductor micro/nano‐cavities with high quality factor (Q) and small modal volume provide critical platforms for exploring strong light‐matter interactions and quantum optics, enabling further development of coherent and quantum photonic devices. Constrained by exciton binding energy and thermal fluctuation, only a handful of wide‐band semiconductors such as ZnO and GaN have stable excitons at room temperature. Metal halide perovskite with cubic lattice and well‐controlled exciton may provide solutions. In this work, high‐quality single‐crystalline cesium lead halide CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) microcavities are synthesized by vapor‐phase van der Waals epitaxy method. The as‐grown perovskites show strong emission and stable exciton at room temperature over the whole visible spectra range. By varying the halide composition, multi‐color (400–700 nm).WGM excitonic lasing is achieved at room temperature with low threshold (~ 2.0 μJ cm −2 ) and high spectra coherence (~0.14–0.15 nm). The results advocate the promise of inorganic perovskites towards development of optoelectronic devices and strong light‐matter coupling in quantum optics.
Once a killer, always a killer: from cytotoxic T cell to memory cell (2010)

The control of the differentiation pathways followed by responding CD8(+) T cells to produce protective memory cells has been intensely studied. Recent developments have identified heterogeneity at the effector cytotoxic T-lymphocyte level within which a bona fide memory cell precursor has emerged. The challenge now is to identify the cellular and molecular factors that control this developmental pathway. This review considers aspects of the regulation of the induction of effectors, the transition of effectors to memory cells, and the dynamics of the memory population.
Structural analysis of DNA containing (6-4) photoproduct in complex with distamycin A by NMR (2006)

We reported that distamycin A can bind to DNA containing the (6-4) photoproduct, one of the major UV lesions in DNA, by means of CD spectroscopy. Here, we have analyzed the structure of DNA containing the (6-4) photoproduct in complex with distamycin A by NMR. Broadening of NMR resonances and large chemical shift perturbation have been observed for residues located close to the (6-4) photoproduct in DNA, indicating the binding to this region. Intermolecular NOEs between DNA and distamycin A have been identified for some of these residues, suggesting the formation of the relatively tight complex. On the basis of these NOEs, structure determination of the complex is now in progress.
Discovery and Characterization of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (2014)

Half a million patients are hospitalized with severe dengue every year, many of whom would die without timely, appropriate clinical intervention. The majority of dengue cases are uncomplicated; however, 2-5% progress to severe dengue. Severe dengue cases have been reported with increasing frequency over the last 30 years. To discover biomarkers for severe dengue, we used surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze dengue virus positive serum samples from the acute phase of infection. Using this method, 16 proteins were identified as candidate biomarkers for severe dengue. From these 16 biomarkers, three candidates were selected for confirmation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot: vitronectin (Vtn, 55.1 kDa), hemopexin (Hx, 52.4 kDa), and serotransferrin (Tf, 79.2 kDa). Vitronectin, Hx, and Tf best differentiated between dengue and severe dengue.
iTV and changing social interactions (2009)

In this paper, we present findings from empirical studies on end users' attitudes towards peer-to-peer (P2P) networked television. This paper sheds light on the changing trends of consumers' media usage and television watching. We aim to understand the meanings people associate with TV in their everyday lives and to discuss further how interactive TV (iTV) might change the social situations in which TV is being viewed.
Matrix Representation of Topological Changes in Metamorphic Mechanisms (2004)

Metamorphic mechanisms form a class of mechanisms that has the facilities to change configuration from one kind to another with a resultant change in the number of effective links and mobility of movement. This paper develops formal matrix operations to describe the distinct topology of configurations found in a metamorphic mechanism and to complete transformation between them. A new way is hence introduced for modeling topological changes of metamorphic mechanisms in general. It introduces a new elimination E-elementary matrix together with a U-elementary matrix to form an EU-elementary matrix operation to produce the configuration transformation. The use of these matrix operations is demonstrated in both spherical and spatial metamorphic mechanisms, the mechanistic models taken from the industrial packaging operations of carton folding manipulation that stimulated this study.
Modeling the Effects of HUD Visual Properties and Configurations on a Multi-Dimensional Measure of Clutter (2009)

The objectives of this study were to: validate a multidimensional measure of display clutter for advanced head-up displays (HUDs) incorporating enhanced and synthetic vision systems (EVS/SVS); assess the influence of HUD configuration on pilot perceptions of display clutter and flight performance; and model clutter scores in terms of visual display properties. Eighteen pilots flew a flight simulator in a landing approach using three different sets of HUD configurations (low, medium, or high clutter). Pilot ratings of overall display clutter and its underlying dimensions were recorded along with flight performance measures (deviations from localizer, glideslope, altitude and approach speed). A display image analysis software application was used to measure the visual properties of HUDs. The multidimensional measure of clutter showed internal consistency with high correlations of overall perceived clutter. Calculated clutter scores were sensitive to the various HUD configurations and in agreement with prior display classification (based on the new measure). There was a trend for the extremes of display clutter to cause less stable performance. High clutter displays were associated with cognitive complexity of flight tasks and low clutter was associated with a lack of display information. Multiple linear regression models of perceived clutter were developed based on HUD visual properties.
Effective Management Strategies for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2003)

Although the diagnostic features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are well defined, the condition is not always easy to recognize; in studies in primary care settings, recognition rates as low as 2% have been reported. Somatization and comorbid disorders are more likely to serve as presenting features, including substance abuse, depression, and suicide attempts. Education, support, and stress reduction techniques are all important elements in the management of PTSD. Exposure and cognitive restructuring have proven efficacy and are associated with low relapse rates. Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is widely used, it is inferior to conventional types of prolonged exposure or cognitive therapy. Treatment with antidepressants produces a broad array of benefits and is associated with relapse prevention when medication is maintained for at least 1 year; ending medication early is associated with a fivefold increase in the risk of relapse. Full remission can occur with use of an SSRI and exposure-based treatments. Less is known about the efficacy of other drug groups, such as anticonvulsants and antipsychotics, but they are widely considered to be important second-line treatments. Benzodiazepines are of limited use and may even be detrimental when given alone. Current controversies include the question of treating acute PTSD, or acute stress disorder, as well as whether onset of symptoms can be prevented through treatment immediately after trauma.
Measurement of Smoke Particle Size and Distribution Within a Gas Turbine Combustor (2005)

The objective of the work described in this paper was to identify a method of making measurements of the smoke particle size distribution within the sector of a gas turbine combustor, using a scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS) analyzer. As well as gaining a better understanding of the combustion process, the principal reasons for gathering these data was so that they could be used as validation for computational fluid dynamic and chemical kinetic models. Smoke mass and gaseous emission measurements were also made simultaneously. A “water cooled,” gas sampling probe was utilized to perform the measurements at realistic operating conditions within a generic gas turbine combustor sector. Such measurements had not been previously performed and consequently initial work was undertaken to gain confidence in the experimental configuration. During this investigation, a limited amount of data were acquired from three axial planes within the combustor. The total number of test points measured were 45. Plots of the data are presented in two-dimensional contour format at specific axial locations in addition to axial plots to show trends from the primary zone to the exit of the combustor. Contour plots of smoke particle size show that regions of high smoke number concentration once formed in zones close to the fuel injector persist in a similar spatial location further downstream. Axial trends indicate that the average smoke particle size and number concentration diminishes as a function of distance from the fuel injector. From a technical perspective, the analytical techniques used proved to be robust. As expected, making measurements close to the fuel injector proved to be difficult. This was because the quantity of smoke in the region was greater than 1000mg/m3. It was found necessary to dilute the sample prior to the determination of the particle number concentration using SMPS. The issues associated with SMPS dilution are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: KONDENSIERTE THIOPHENRINGSYST. 6. MITT. SYNTH. UND REAKTIONEN VON 5‐METHYL‐ UND 5‐CHLOR‐BENZO(B)THIENYL‐(3)‐LITHIUM (1971)

Abstract Durch Bromieren des Benzothiophens (Ia) in CHCl 3 mit Br 2 wird das 2,3‐Dibromderivat, durch analoge Umsetzung von (Ib) ein Gemisch aus dem 3‐Bromsowie 2,3‐Dibromderivat erhalten.
Evolution of the nu = 1 Ground-State in Coupled Double Quantum Wells: Optical Evidence for Broken-Symmetry States (1998)

We present the first magneto-absorption studies of coupled electron double layers in the quantum Hall regime. Optical absorption spectra in the vicinity of total filling factor nu = 1 reveal intriguing behavior that have no analog in the single electron layer nu = 1 state and demonstrate the interplay between single-particle tunneling and inter-layer Coulomb effects. The spectra provide direct evidence of a ground-state that evolves from a region dominated by single-particle tunneling to a regime in which inter-layer Coulomb interactions determine the nature of the ground-state. Moreover the spectra provide the first direct evidence that the incompressible ground-state at nu = 1 in the many-body regime is not fully pseudospin polarized and is sensitive to the effects of quantum fluctuations in the pseudospin variable.
Control of thermoregulatory sweating during exercise in the heat (1989)

The purposes of this study were the following: 1) to determine whether erythrocyte infusion alters the control of thermoregulatory sweating and 2) to demonstrate how increases and decreases of both plasma tonicity and blood volume influence the thermoregulatory control parameters of threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity. Six non-heat-acclimated and five heat-acclimated males attempted heat stress tests (HSTs) both before and shortly after (48-96 h) autologous erythrocyte infusion. The non-heat-acclimated subjects were euhydrated for both HSTs, whereas the heat-acclimated subjects were studied in a euhydrated and a hypohydrated (-5% body wt) condition both pre- and postinfusion (500 ml of solution containing approximately 60% hematocrit of autologous erythrocytes). The HSTs consisted of treadmill exercise (335 W.m-2) in a hot (35 degrees C, 45% relative humidity) environment, and esophageal temperature and local sweating rate were continuously measured during 25 min of exercise. These experiments resulted in a matrix of conditions where both plasma tonicity and blood volume were increased or decreased relative to control conditions (euhydration, preinfusion). The findings concerning thermoregulatory sweating during exercise in the heat were summarized as follows: 1) acute polycythemia decreases the threshold temperature and increases the sweating sensitivity, 2) both threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity are increased or decreased from control levels dependent on the combined influence of plasma tonicity and blood volume, and 3) equations are presented that describe how plasma tonicity and blood volume alter threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity values.
Lens for uniform LED illumination: an example of automated optimization using Monte Carlo ray-tracing of an LED source (2001)

We present preliminary results of optimizing a T1 LED integral dome lens for efficient and uniform illumination. The automated optimization process is based on a geometrical model of the LED die radiation inside the encapsulant. A commercial nonsequential ray-tracing program is combined with an external global optimization engine to maximize both efficiency and uniformity. The LED model is based on surface radiance images of an LED package sectioned with a diamond saw, and validated by comparison to measured near-field irradiance patterns. The resulting lens design is compared with the original design based on calculated irradiance patterns. The optimized lens substantially improves calculated uniformity, and somewhat improves efficiency, at the expense of a more complex lens profile, including multiple ripples on the surface. Robustness of the new design is evaluated by ray-tracing the lens with the LED displaced by typical manufacturing tolerances for low-cost LED's, resulting in significantly degraded uniformity. The results are still better than the original dome lens, but clearly indicate that manufacturing variabilities may place an upper bound on the uniformity achievable, at least with our preliminary approach.
An example of failure detection:design and comparative study of some algorithms (1981)

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