gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uric Acid Induces High Mobility Group Box1 Protein Release in Monocytes/Macrophages through P38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK and AP-1 Activation. (2004)

Abstract Uric acid, a final metabolite of purine metabolism has gained attention for its pathogenic role in the development of hypertension, vascular disease, renal disease, and cardiovascular events. Recent studies have shown that soluble uric acid induces proliferation as well as synthesis of proinflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. It also stimulates human monolayer cells to produce IL-1B. IL-6 and TNF alpha. However, high mobility group box 1(HMGB1), a non histone DNA binding protein which is recently identified as a proinflammatory cytokine and can be released from cells of the macrophage/monocyte lineage by proinflammatory stimuli or by cells undergoing necrotic cell death pathway. In the present study, we hypothesized that soluble uric acid may stimulates monocytes/macrophages to release HMGB1. Here we demonstrate that crystal and endotoxin free uric acid triggers the release of HMGB1 in a time and dose dependant fashion in mouse macrophage cells, Raw 264.7, human leukemic promonocytes(THP-1 cells) as well as in macrophages but not in fibroblast obtained from synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Moreover, translocation of HMGB1 to the cytoplasm before secreted in the extracellular milieu was significantly detected within 6h of Uric acid exposure. No loss of cell viability was observed in our experimental condition as judged by trypan blue exclusion, MTT reduction and LDH release assays, indicating that HMGB1 release was not due to cell death. Uric acid treatment resulted in the activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK), c-Jun N terminal kinase(JNK) and extracellular regulatroy kinase (ERK1/2). Inhibition of each of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK by using potent and selective inhibitors, SB203580, U0126 and SP60012 respectively, almost completely blocked uric acid-induced HMGB1 release. Furthermore, Curcumin, a potent inhibitor of the transcription factor, activator protein 1(AP-1) strongly suppressed HMGB1 release, indicating that these signaling patways are essential for the induction of HMGB1 release in response to uric acid. In conclusion, our data suggest that uric acid may regulate critical proinflammatory pathways at least in part through its action as a monocyte/macrophage derived potent proinflammatory cytokine, HMGB1 release. This may play pathologic role for hyperuricemia-induced morbidities including arthritis, atherosclerosis, renal disease and so on.
Tertiary oil recovery and chemistry (1977)

The elementary mechanics of oil deposits (depletion and water drives) and of secondary and tertiary recovery are briefly surveyed. The behavior of oil in capillaries of rock under water, surfactant, and polymer injection is explained using sketches. The importance of increasing oil recovery even by a few percent is pointed out. (DLC)
Basic Study Of A Bright Area-Modulative Liquid Crystal Cell (1986)

A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell with two transparent conductive substrates each of which has two metal terminals was studied. It was found that a circular or elliptical light-transmitting area (bright area) was formed in the, cell window by applying four kinds of voltage signals to each terminal. The light-transmitting area was varied by changing the effective voltage, and the cell behavior was consistent with theoretical results for the voltage distribution in the cell window.
Diverse bacterial communities exist on canine skin and are impacted by cohabitation and time (2017)

It has previously been shown that domestic dogs and their household owners share bacterial populations, and that sharing of bacteria between humans is facilitated through the presence of dogs in the household. However, less is known regarding the bacterial communities of dogs, how these communities vary by location and over time, and how cohabitation of dogs themselves influences their bacterial community. Furthermore, the effects of factors such as breed, hair coat length, sex, shedding, and age on the canine skin microbiome is unknown. This study sampled the skin bacterial communities of 40 dogs belonging to 20 households longitudinally across three seasons (spring, summer, and winter). Significant differences in bacterial community structure between samples were identified when stratified by season, but not by dog sex, age, breed, hair type, or skin site. Cohabitating dogs were more likely to share bacteria of the skin than non-cohabitating dogs. Similar to human bacterial microbiomes, dogs' microbiomes were more similar to their own microbiomes over time than to microbiomes of other individuals. Dogs sampled during the same season were also more similar to each other than to dogs from different seasons, irrespective of household. However, there were very few core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified across all dogs sampled. Taxonomic classification revealed <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> and <i>Haemophilus</i> sp. as key members of the dog skin bacterial community, along with <i>Corynebacterium</i> sp. and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. This study shows that the skin bacterial community structure of dogs is highly individualized, but can be shared among dogs through cohabitation.
Conditional Control of Alternative Splicing through Light-Triggered Splice-Switching Oligonucleotides (2015)

The spliceosome machinery is composed of several proteins and multiple small RNA molecules that are involved in gene regulation through the removal of introns from pre-mRNAs in order to assemble exon-based mRNA containing protein-coding sequences. Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are genetic control elements that can be used to specifically control the expression of genes through correction of aberrant splicing pathways. A current limitation with SSO methodologies is the inability to achieve conditional control of their function paired with high spatial and temporal resolution. We addressed this limitation through site-specific installation of light-removable nucleobase-caging groups as well as photocleavable backbone linkers into synthetic SSOs. This enables optochemical OFF → ON and ON → OFF switching of their activity and thus precise control of alternative splicing. The use of light as a regulatory element allows for tight spatial and temporal control of splice switching in mammalian cells and animals.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of an Asymmetric (2 + 2)‐Photocycloaddition. Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Echinosporin. Construction of an Advanced 11‐ Deoxyprostaglandin Intermediate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neutrophil and platelet antibodies in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (2003)

Neutrophil and platelet antibodies are important markers of ALPS, but do not always cause clinical cytopenias. The specificities of neutrophil antibody were similar to those found in children with autoimmune neutropenia but without ALPS.
Extending Previous cG×I Findings on <i>5-HTTLPR</i> 's Moderation of Intervention Effects on Adolescent Substance Misuse Initiation (2016)

This study addresses replication in candidate gene × environment interaction (cG×E) research by investigating if the key findings from Brody, Beach, Philibert, Chen, and Murry (2009) can be detected using data (N = 1,809) from the PROSPER substance use preventive intervention delivery system. Parallel to Brody et al., this study tested the hypotheses that substance misuse initiation would increase faster from age 11 to age 14 and be higher at age 14 among: (a) 5-HTTLPR short carrier adolescents versus long homozygotes, (b) control versus intervention adolescents, and (c) 5-HTTLPR short carriers in the control condition versus all other participants. The hypotheses were generally supported and results were consistent with Brody et al.'s cG×I finding. Results are discussed in light of replication issues in cG×E research and implications for intervention.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, CHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MOLYBDENUM(V)‐OXO BRIDGED DIMER (1976)

Abstract Na‐Isopropylthioxanthat, dargestellt durch Zugabe von Isopropylmercaptan zu NaOH und CS 2 , liefert mit (NH 4 ) 2 MoOCls den Komplex (I).
Parameterizing total storm conduction currents derived in a global model [poster] (2014)

Electrified clouds are thought to play a major role in the global electric circuit. These clouds produce currents from the top of thunderstorms which help maintain the potential difference between earth's surface and the upper atmosphere. Previously, currents for different types of electrified clouds were estimated from overflights of the NASA ER-2 aircraft and compared with radar derived dynamical and microphysical properties (Deierling et al., this conference). In this study, high resolution model output from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) is compared with reanalysis data to determine the skill of CESM at representing these microphysical and dynamical properties of storms. Then, these storm properties are used to infer global distributions of conduction currents over different temporal scales and compared with data derived from the lightning imaging sensor (LIS) and precipitation radar (PR) measurements onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite.
Synthesis of a Capillarisin Sulfur-Analogue Possessing Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activity by Selective Isopropylation (2005)

We describe the synthesis of 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)thio]-7-isopropoxy-5,6-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 2 from 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol 6 via the key intermediate, 3-iodo-7-isopropoxy-5,6-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 3. An important feature of this synthetic scheme involves selective alkylation, which can be achieved by two different routes. One route involves the selective isopropylation of a triacetate derivative 4 under basic conditions. The second route employs the selective demethylation of a trimethoxy derivative 5 under acidic conditions followed by isopropylation. The product of these alternative routes, compound 3, is then converted to a capillarisin sulfur analogue 2 in a one-pot reaction via the imidazolyl intermediate 22.
Human complement protein C99 is a calcium binding protein (1988)

Human complement protein C9 is shown to be a metalloprotein that binds 1 mol of Ca/sup 2 +//mol of C9 with a dissociation constant of 3 ..mu..m as measured by equilibrium dialysis. Incubation with EDTA removes the bound calcium, resulting in a apoprotein with decreased thermal stability. This loss in stability leads to aggregation and, therefore, to loss of hemolytic activity upon heating to a few degrees above the physiological temperature. Heat-induced aggregation of apoC9 can be prevented by salts that stabilize proteins according to the Hofmeister series of lyotropic ions, suggesting that the ion in native C9 may ligand with more than one structural element of domain of the protein. Ligand blotting indicates that the calcium binding site is located in the amino-terminal half of the protein. Removal of calcium by inclusion of EDTA in assay mixtures has no effect on the hemolytic activity of C9, and its capacity to bind to C8 in solution, or to small unilamellar lipid vesicles at temperatures at or below the physiological range. Although the precise structural and functional role of the bound calcium is not know, it is clear that it provides thermal stability to C9 and it may have a functionmore » in regulation of membrane insertion.« less
Renal Osteodystrophy in Children Treated with 1,25‐Dihydroxy‐Cholecalciferol [1,25‐(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>]: Histologic Bone Studies (1984)

Eleven uremic children with osteodystrophy aged 3 to 17 years were studied during administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 for periods up to 21 months. Nine children presented with pure hyperparathyroidism, one with osteomalacia and one with mixed bone disease. Bone biopsies were performed before initiation of therapy and after 6 to 21 months of treatment following double tetracycline labeling. Skeletal lesions were improved but not cured in 5 of 9 children with hyperparathyroidism. In three instances lesions remained unchanged and worsened in one. No significant change was observed in the child with osteomalacia. Moderate improvement was noted in the patient with mixed bone disease. The propensity to develop hypercalcemia was the major factor associated with treatment failure since it precluded administration of adequate amounts of medication. Therapy with 1,25-(OH)2D3 was associated with a spectacular improvement in growth velocity in two of six children under age twelve.
Advances in Fibre Based Pulse Shaping Technology and its Applications in Optical Communications (2007)

Fibre grating technology can be used to design and fabricate reflective filters with accurately controlled complex phase and amplitude responses and thereby provide a powerful means to reshape short optical pulses in both time and frequency. We review recent progress in the area and present various applications focussed primarily in the areas of all-optical coding and decoding, and pulse retiming.
AHR (Acute hypoxia responsive element) As a New Tool Detecting Acute Hypoxia (2010)

Objective Previously we reported an interesting gene that transiently induced in the endothelium in myocardial infarction which may be a hypoxia‐inducible gene expressed by endothelial cells. Its expression was limited to a few hours’ hypoxia. We tested if this switch element (we named this sequence as AHR (Acute hypoxia responsive element) for this induction can be used for detecting acute hypoxia. Methods We prepared several different constructs with different length of AHR promoter then performed luciferase assay in hypoxic cells. We identified the responsible AHR activated by acute hypoxia. We made green fluorescence protein (GFP) expressing construct (AHR‐GFP) under the control of AHR. We transfected AHR‐GFP construct into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and examined GFP production under 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours of hypoxia respectively. After incubation, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and observed under the fluorescence microscope. Results When AHR‐GFP –transfected HUVEC was cultured in normoxic condition, GFP was very slightly observed. In contrast to this, the number of GFP‐positive HUVEC increased at 3h (~10‐fold compared to normoxia) under hypoxic stimulation. The induction of AHR under hypoxia returned to the normoxic level at 24h of hypoxia. Conclusions AHR works under acute hypoxia and may be used as a specific tool for detecting acute hypoxia.
Analysis of automatically generated vehicle system control software in a HIL environment (2002)

This paper contains a description of a method and apparatus used for the comparison of a vehicle system control model with the automatically generated code which represents that model. The apparatus, referred to as hardware in the loop, consists of electronic control units, hybrid electric vehicle driveline components, dynamometers, and a Nighthawk super-computer. In the method presented, the model and generated code are executed concurrently in real-time. Output from the model can then be compared with the generated code in order to ensure that the code accurately represents the model.
The permanent electric dipole moments and magnetic ge factors of neodymium monoxide (2008)

Stark and Zeeman spectra of the [16.7]3-X4 transition of neodymium monoxide (NdO) have been obtained at a resolution of less than 40MHz. Analysis of the Stark spectra yielded permanent electric dipole moments μel of 3.742(16) and 3.369(13)D for the [16.7]3 and X4 states, respectively. The ground state value μel is compared to that of isovalent uranium monoxide (UO) and those of other lanthanide monoxides using a molecular orbital description. Analysis of the Zeeman spectra yielded magnetic ge factors of 2.084(6) and 2.178(8) for the J=3 and 4 rotational levels, respectively, of the [16.7]3 state and a ge factor of 2.116(6) for the X4 state. A comparison with the ge factor expected from the ab initio [Allouche et al., J. Chem. Phys. 124, 184317 (2006)] and the ligand field theory [P. Carette and A. Hocquet, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 131, 301 (1988)] predictions for the X4 ground state is given.
Error-Correcting Codes and Dirty Paper Coding (2017)

This chapter describes how error-correcting codes can be used to impress additional information onto waveforms with a minimal level of distortion. Applications include watermarking and steganography. It is shown how the modified Dorsch decoder of Chap. 15 may be used to find codewords from partitioned classes of codewords, whose waveforms may be used as a watermark which is almost invisible, and still be reliably detected.
Isolation, and Structural Characterization of a New Hexa β-D-Glucopyranosyl Diterpene from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (2018)

A new diterpene glycoside with six β-D-glucopyranosyl units was isolated from the extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, which was identified as 13-[(2- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[2- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3- O-(2- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyrano-syl -β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester (1) based on the extensive NMR ( 1 H and 13 C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectral data as well as hydrolysis studies.
ARTHROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF ROTATOR CUFF DISEASE (1993)

The etiology of rotator cuff disease is controversial, but is not always secondary to cuff impingement between the humeral head and the coracoacromial arch. Rotator cuff disease, and not impingement syndrome, more accurately describes this process. The spectrum of rotator cuff disease begins with rotator cuff inflammation (Stage I) and progresses to tendinitis (Stage II) and partial or full thickness tears (Stage III). Refractory Stage II and III disease without rotator cuff tears undergoes subacromial bursectomy and acromioplasty. Partial thickness tears are debrided with an acromioplasty, bursectomy, and removal of inferior clavicular osteophytes. Full thickness tears are treated arthroscopically or open, depending on the tear size and the patient expectations. In general, tears from 0 to 5 cm in active patients undergo subacromial decompression and a mini-open repair. Low demand patients with 0 to 5 cm tears or tears greater than 5 cm are treated with subacromial decompression and rotator cuff debridement.
A Videographic Analysis of Laryngeal Exposure Comparing the Articulating Laryngoscope and External Laryngeal Manipulation (2001)

Activation of the articulating laryngoscope and external laryngeal manipulation (ELM) improve laryngeal exposure during direct laryngoscopy. We used a head-mounted direct laryngoscopy imaging system and a previously validated scoring system for assessing laryngeal view (the percentage of glottic opening or POGO score) on 33 adult patients undergoing laryngoscopy. On each patient, we videotaped the initial laryngeal exposure (blade not activated), the view with activation of the blade, and the view with operator-directed external laryngeal manipulation. The video recordings were reviewed and the laryngeal view assessed with POGO scores. POGO scores improved with blade activation in 9/33 (27%) of patients vs 28/33 (85%) of patients with ELM. In nearly half of patients studied (16/33, 48%) POGO scores decreased with blade activation. We conclude that ELM is superior to articulating laryngoscope blade activation in improving POGO scores during laryngoscopy on adult patients in standard sniffing position. Using recordings from a direct laryngoscopy video system, we compared laryngeal views in 33 patients with a special articulating laryngoscope blade to views achieved by external laryngeal manipulation (pressing on the patient's neck). Laryngeal exposure, which is important for placement of tracheal tubes, was better with external laryngeal manipulation.
The Scientific Surgeon (2011)

The scientific surgeon begins with Joseph Lister and his seminal work on the development of antiseptic surgery published in 1867 in Lancet. No other significant works of the times compare to Lister's contributions in this particular field of surgery. Lister utilized pristine scientific principles, learned in part from Pasteur, to understand and apply the germ theory of disease to practical surgery. In this regard, in previous publications, we have considered Lister as the "Father of Scientific Surgery." The scientific surgeon as a well-defined professional did not exist until the first residency in surgery was developed. Halsted of Hopkins introduced the first systematic and scientific surgical residency in 1901. This is the time, then, in which the scientific surgeon was formed and educated. Other programs followed Halsted's residency guidelines in surgery. The scientific surgeon is now well integrated and fully based on the science applied to surgery. Halsted's surgery was reproduced by other programs; and with time uniformity was established by all programs offering surgical residencies in the United States and many other parts of the world. The scientific surgeon is a firm reality at this point.
Structural and electrical studies of partial dislocations and stacking faults in (11‐20)‐oriented 4H‐SiC (2005)

The cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1].
Room Temperature Molecular Single-Electron Transistor (1996)

A room temperature single-electron transistor based on the single cluster molecule has been demonstrated for the first time. Scanning tunneling microscope tip was used to study the transport via single carboran cluster molecule 1,7-(CH_3)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_9Tl(OCOCF_3)_2 incorporated into the Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer of the stearic acid. DC I-V curves at 300 K showed well pronounced Coulomb staircase, and the current could be controlled by a lithographically fabricated gold gate electrode.
Electron energy loss characterization of NO on Rh(111). II. Coadsorption with oxygen and CO (1986)

High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy has been used to examine the effects of coadsorbed oxygen and carbon monoxide on the bonding of nitric oxide adsorbed on the Rh (111) surface. NO is converted from twofold bridge sites (1500–1600 cm−1) to linear sites (1840 cm−1) when annealed to 275 K in the presence of coadsorbed oxygen. Terminally bound linear NO does not dissociate, but desorbs molecularly, a finding consistent with the commonly observed oxygen inhibition of NO dissociation over noble metals. Coadsorbed CO does not significantly inhibit or promote the dissociation of a low coverage of nitric oxide compared to the clean Rh (111) surface. CO and NO appear to segregate and form islands of each species at 95 K if CO is adsorbed first. Annealing this adlayer above 250 K disperses the islands and mixes the adsorbate layer at temperatures below where NO dissociation and reaction with CO are significant. The Rh–CO bond is weakened in well-mixed CO+NO adlayers, indicating that the NO–CO repulsive interaction acts through the Rh substrate rather than directly between the adsorbed molecules.