gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Subpopulation of Estrogen Receptors Are Modified by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine (1997)

Estrogen receptors (ER) are ligand-inducible transcription factors regulated by Ser(Thr)-O-phosphorylation. Many transcription factors and eukaryotic RNA polymerase II itself are also dynamically modified by Ser(Thr)-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties (O-GlcNAc). Here we report that subpopulations of murine, bovine, and human estrogen receptors are modified by O-GlcNAc. O-GlcNAc moieties were detected on insect cell-expressed, mouse ER (mER) by probing with bovine milk galactosyltransferase, followed by structural analysis. Wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose affinity chromatography also readily detected terminal GlcNAc residues on subpopulations of ER purified from calf uterus, from human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), or from mER produced by in vitro translation. These data suggest that greater than 10% of these populations of estrogen receptors bear O-GlcNAc. Site mapping of insect cell expressed mER localized one major site of O-GlcNAc addition to Thr-575, within a PEST region of the carboxyl-terminal F domain. Based upon their relative resistance to both hexosaminidase and to in vitro galactosylation, O-GlcNAc moieties appear to be largely buried on native mER. This dynamic saccharide modification, like phosphorylation, may play a role in modulating the dimerization, stability, or transactivation functions of estrogen receptors.
EFFECT OF REDUCED TRAINING ON MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE IN COMPETITIVE MALB SWIMMERS (1986)

Following 5 months of competitive training (approximately 9,000 yards.d-1, 6 d.wk-1), three groups of eight male swimmers performed 4 wk of either reduced training (3,000 yard.session-1) or inactivity. Two groups reduced their training to either 3 sessions.wk-1 (RT3) or 1 session.wk-1 (RT1), whereas the third group (IA) did no training. Measurement of muscular strength (biokinetic swim bench) showed no decrement in any group over the 4 wk. In contrast, swim power (tethered swim) was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) in all groups, reaching a mean change of -13.6% by week 4. Blood lactate measured after a standard 200-yard (183 m) front crawl swim increased by 1.8, 3.5, and 5.5 mM over the 4 wk in groups RT3, RT1 and IA, respectively. In group RT1, stroke rate measured during the 200-yard swim significantly increased (P less than 0.05) from 0.54 +/- 0.03 to 0.59 +/- 0.03 strokes.-1 while stroke distance significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) from 2.50 +/- 0.08 to 2.29 +/- 0.13 m.stroke-1 during the 4-wk period. Both stroke rate and stroke distance were maintained in group RT3 over the 4 wk of reduced training. Group IA was not tested for stroke mechanics. Whereas maximal oxygen uptake decreases significantly (P less than 0.05) over the 4 wk in group RT1 (4.75 to 4.62 l.min-1), no change in maximal oxygen uptake was observed in group RT3. These results suggest that aerobic capacity is maintained over 4 wk of moderately reduced training (3 sessions.wk-1) in well-trained swimmers. Muscular strength was not diminished over 4 wk of reduced training or inactivity, but the ability to generate power during swimming was significantly reduced in all groups.
Crystal structure of germanium tetraindium tetraselenide, GeIn4Se4 (1998)

Article Crystal structure of germanium tetraindium tetraselenide, GeIn4Se4 was published on April 1, 1998 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 213, issue 1-4).
Identification of Non-Pertechnetate Species in Hanford Tank Waste, Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Fundamental Chemistry (2004)

Technetium, as pertechnetate (TcO4 -), is a mobile species in the environment. This characteristic, along with its long half-life, (99Tc, t1/2 = 213,000 a) makes technetium a major contributor to the long-term hazard associated with low level waste (LLW) disposal. Technetium partitioning from the nuclear waste at DOE sites may be required so that the LLW forms meet DOE performance assessment criteria. Technetium separations assume that technetium exists as TcO4 - in the waste. However, years of thermal, chemical, and radiolytic digestion in the presence of organic material, has transformed much of the TcO4 - into unidentified, stable, reduced, technetium complexes. To successfully partition technetium from tank wastes, it will be necessary to either remove these technetium species with a new process, or reoxidize them to TcO4 - so that conventional pertechnetate separation schemes will be successful.
Alpha-cluster pickup reactions on even Sn and Te nuclei. [Angular distributions, 33 MeV] (1978)

Spectra for Te(d,/sup 6/Li)Sn and Sn(d,/sup 6/Li)Cd were obtained for an energy of 33 MeV. Complete angular distributions were measured for /sup 122/Te(d,/sup 6/Li)/sup 118/Sn and are shown as well as the energy spectra. 11 references. (JFP)
Evolution of the manta-ray parachute (1989)

MANTA-RAY, a gliding Ringsail parachute characterized by a ram-air inflated leading edge, evolved as a result of Irvin performance improvements on the SR-71 reconnaissance aircraft landing decelerator pilot chute. Extensive ground and aerial testing demonstrated L/D values as high as 2.17 and continued into early 1966 with manned flights. Technical concerns addressed during the design and testing of MANTA-RAY included deployment and reefing, leading edge collapse, L/D modulation and turn control. Comparison of Phase I1 test results with contemporary ram-air parachute performance measurements suggests a continuum between the characteristics of inflated airfoil parachutes and those of ballistic parachutes tailored to incorporate glide capability. Proposed aerial delivery and spacecraft recovery concepts are identified. Information gained during MANTA-RAY development in the areas of reefing, construction methods, control techniques, fabric porosity distribution, and the judicious use of slots for lift augmentation may be applicable toward contemporary ram-air parachute optimization.
The effect of homologos amini acid replacement on the conformation of oligopeptides. III. CD studies on co‐oligopeptides of methionine and valine or methionine and glycine in organic solution (1978)

Abstract A conformational analyis of co‐ologopeptides containing methionine and valine or methionine and glycine was carried out using circular dichrosim. The oligopeptides containing valine and methionine (dimer to hexamer) are disorder in hexafluoropropane diol·0.5 H 2 O and trimethyl phospate but become helical in trifluoroethanol at the heptamer. The CD spectra for hesamers and heptamers containing methionine or methionine and one valine give evidience that one valyl residue can be inserted into these peptides wothout affecting their secondry structure. Co‐oligomethionines. The effect of a glycyl residue are generally less ordered than the analogous homo‐oligomethionines. The effect of a glycl residue on the structure of the longer oligopeptides depends on its position in the chain. When inserted in the center of a hexamer or heptamer, the single glycyl residue destabilizes the ordered secondry structures in solution. Finally, evidence is presented that the CD patterns observed for various pentamers and hexamers are consistent with some order at these chain lenghts.
Laser-photoinduced etching of semiconductors and metals (1980)

Etched patterns with submicron resolution have been produced using laser-induced photodissociation of dissolved and complexed halogens in liquid solution. Tentative mechanisms for this photoinduced dissociation process are presented.
Une architecture de sécurité pour les applications réflexives : application à Java (2002)

En l'espace de vingt ans, les techniques de programmation reflexive sont passees du statut de curiosite de laboratoire a celui d'outil indispensable dans la panoplie du programmeur. Ces techniques sont notamment utilisees dans le but d'adapter de maniere transparente le comportement des logiciels a des situations qui n'etaient pas prevues par leurs specifications d'origine. Dans le meme temps, les applications sont devenues plus complexes et les cycles de developpement plus courts, ce qui a amene l'emergence d'approches a composants. La generalisation des reseaux de communication a permis d'incorporer dynamiquement lors de l'execution d'une application des nouveaux composants charges depuis une machine distante. Les problemes de securite poses par l'apparition de code mobile sont immenses, c'est pourquoi le langage de programmation Java, par exemple, contient une architecture de securite destine a proteger les ressources locales du code charge a distance. Cette these porte sur les problemes de securite poses par l'utilisation de protocoles a metaobjets (MOP) dans le cadre d'application a composants developpees dans la langage Java. Les contributions de ce travail se repartissent selon deux axes. Nous avons tout d'abord etudie les problemes de securite souleves par l'utilisation des differents types de MOP pour Java, et comment l'architecture de securite existante permet, ou non, d'y repondre. Nous en avons conclu que le modele de securite de Java doit etre etendu afin de pouvoir appliquer des controles d'acces aux operations effectuees par le code de meta niveau sur le code du niveau de base. Nous avons ensuite con\c{c}u et implemente un MOP a objets d'interception pour Java avec le double objectif d'etre non-intrusif et de securiser les interactions entre les metaobjets et les objets de base. Apres avoir montre comment la presence du meta niveau peut etre transparente pour le niveau de base du point de vue de la securite, nous avons defini un ensemble de permissions destinees a controler les operations que les metaobjets peuvent faire sur, a la fois, les objets du niveau de base et les elements de l'execution du programme de base reifies. Nous avons enfin implemente un certain nombre de comportement de niveau meta afin de valider notre MOP et son architecture de securite. Ces resultats prouvent que la granularite des permissions choisies est correcte, et que le surcout introduit par le mecanisme de securite integre au MOP est tout a fait acceptable. Nous terminons en expliquant comment notre architecture de securite pourrait etre appliquee a d'autre types de MOP pour Java.
The crystal structure of 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid at 20 K (1990)

The structure is disordered at room temperature, with atom C3 (Cγ) of the cyclobutane ring occupying sites on each side of the plane of the other three ring atoms. At 20 K, the structure is ordered. The space group is P21/c with Z=4; the unit cell dimensions at 20 K are a=5.983(2) Å, b=10.374(4) Å, c=10.917(3) Å, β=101.19(3)°, V=664.8(4) Å3. The average Cα–Cβ bond length, 1.560 Å, is longer than the average Cβ–Cγ bond length, 1.548 Å, and the internal ring angles are all acute, with that at Cα, the smallest, 88.52°, those at Cβ intermediate, average 89.11°, and that at Cγ, the largest 89.35°. The cyclobutane ring deviates only slightly from mm symmetry, with Cγ displaced from the CαCβ plane by 0.40 Å. The average C=O and C–OH bond lengths in the carboxylate groups are 1.223 and 1.323 Å, with each acid group hydrogen bonded to another acid group through an inversion center (O⋅⋅⋅O contacts, 2.65 Å, on average). Examination of subtle differences in structural parameters suggests that substituent effects on cyclobutane are substantially reduced from those observed in substituted cyclopropanes.
Flow Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Polybutadiene, Carboxyl-Polybutadiene, and Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers (1966)

The flow behavior of some low molecular weight polymers was studied as a function of shear rate, shear stress, and temperature. The polymers included polybutadienes, random carboxyl and carboxyl-terminated polybutadienes, carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile, and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers. Measurements were made in the temperature range 3.8–73°C. A cone and plate viscometer and pressure capillary viscometer were used to cover the shear rate range 1−105 sec−1. Measurements were carried out with various capillary radius to length ratios. M̄w and M̄n values were calculated from molecular weight distribution data obtained by gel permeation chromatography. Limiting viscosity numbers were also determined. In the range of shear rates studied, all polymers showed a limiting viscosity at low rates of shear and a region of shear rate thinning. The log viscosity-log shear rate flow curves for each sample at the various temperatures were superimposable by linear shifts. Energies of activation calculated according to the method of Fox and Loshaek were found to have values characteristic of the molecular structure. Normal stresses developed in capillary flow as measured by entrance effects showed some dependence on structure. Flow results were compared with the Bueche-Harding experimental standard curve and the Bueche theoretical curve. The presence of polar groups in the polymer chain increased the energy of activation and the relative magnitude of the viscosity. The log viscosity-log shear rate flow curves for all the samples at any constant temperature were superimposable by linear shifts in two distinct classes according to differences in molecular weight distribution.
Ethical by Design: Ethics Best Practices for Natural Language Processing (2017)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems analyze and/or generate human language, typically on users' behalf. One natural and necessary question that needs to be addressed in this context, both in research projects and in production settings, is the question how ethical the work is, both regarding the process and its outcome. Towards this end, we articulate a set of issues, propose a set of best practices, notably a process featuring an ethics review board, and sketch how they could be meaningfully applied. Our main argument is that ethical outcomes ought to be achieved by design, i.e. by following a process aligned by ethical values. We also offer some response options for those facing ethics issues. While a number of previous works exist that discuss ethical issues, in particular around big data and machine learning, to the authors' knowledge this is the first account of NLP and ethics from the perspective of a principled process.
Magnetic Noise in Structured Hard Magnets (2010)

The anomalous Hall effect of wires patterned from (Co{90}Fe{10}/Pt){n} multilayers, with 10<or=n<or=50, is used to determine the magnetization process in a small volume of maze domains. Time-independent 1/f noise appears in samples with a quality factor Q<1 at points on the hysteresis loop where the magnetization reverses continuously. The magnetic noise is associated with reversible excursions of segments of a domain wall approximately 100 nm long. Barkhausen jumps are observed close to either the switching field or the saturation field where the noise power spectrum varies as 1/f{1.7}, and its magnitude decays with time.
Computing phrasal-signs in HPSG prior to parsing (1996)

This paper describes techniques to compile lexical entries in HPSG (Pollard and Sag, 1987; Pollard and Sag, 1993)-style grammar into a set of finite state automata. The states in automata are possible signs derived from lexical entries and contain information raised from the lexical entries. The automata are augmented with feature structures used by a partial unification routine and delayed/frozen definite clause programs.
Visual detection with search: an empirical model (1991)

A visual detection model, including search, is constructed from empirical data on foveal and off-axis contrast thresholds, fixation times, saccadic sizes, and eye response times. The model includes one parameter to account for scene complexity and human preparedness, and its accounts quantitatively for the effects of clutter on this parameter and on other variables. The resulting algorithm correlates well with published laboratory results at light levels of 1 fL or more also gives intuitively satisfying predictions of field performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Integrative Model for Environmental Health Research (2002)

Environmental health research must achieve an integration of understanding, reaching from physiological research on health effects of toxic agents to actions that people may take, individually and collaboratively, to reduce their risks. This article proposes an integrative model of environmental health, encompassing four broad domains and their interrelationships: physiological, vulnerability, epistemological, and health protection. If we wish to empower communities to make the tough decisions necessary to truly protect the well-being of their most vulnerable members, each domain must be attended to, and links between scientific knowledge and social processes must be understood.
Self-Excited Hydrodynamic Oscillators. (1955)

Self‐excited sound sources for use in fluids are discussed with principal attention given to the Pohlmann whistle. Although certain applications of this source have been reported in the literature, little has been available concerning its properties. The Pohlmann source employs a fluid jet impinging upon the end of a rectangular steel blade simply supported at points on the nodal lines of its fundamental mode of vibration. It is assumed that the system of vortices characteristic of edge‐tone production arise at the blade edge and exert upon it a periodic transverse force. When the period of this force is equal to the period of blade resonance (or is one of its odd subharmonics) the blade is set into strong vibration. The source strength, radiation properties, frequency range, and applications are described.
Parallel algorithms and VLSI architectures for stack filtering using Fibonacci p-codes (1995)

A parallel decompositional algorithm and VLSI architecture is proposed for computation of the output of a stack filter over a single window of input samples using Fibonacci p-codes. For a subclass of positive Boolean functions, a more efficient parallel algorithm and VLSI architecture for running stack filtering is also presented. The area-time complexities of the proposed designs are estimated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Method to Solve Inverse Kinematics of Redundant Slave Arm in The Master-Slave System with Different Degrees of Freedom (2004)

A master-slave manipulator with different degrees of freedom has some advantages, such as operational performance. However, it is difficult to determine the angles of a redundant slave manipulator in such a system. In this paper, we determine them by measuring the operator's posture with an acceleration sensor to follow the operator's motion as exactly as possible.
AMP, a dynamic microprocessor (1973)

could be converted to liquid oils and a high-heating value residual solid at temperatures of 325/sup 0/C to 400/sup 0/C and pressures of 1000 psi to 3000 psi. This is a temperature level of about 100/sup 0/C lower than that required for coal liquefaction. This one-year research program proved the feasibility of converting MSW to liquid fuel products and solid fuel by-products of high heating values.
Triethylaluminum (2007)

[97-93-8] C6H15Al (MW 114.19) InChI = 1S/3C2H5.Al/c3*1-2;/h3*1H2,2H3; InChIKey = VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Lewis acid and source of hydride38-40 and nucleophilic ethyl group;2-5, 22, 33 couples with alkenyl halides in the presence of a transition metal catalyst;8-11 selective hydrocyanation agent in combination with TMSCN14 or HCN;12, 15, 41 promoter of alkylation other than ethylation;16, 42-44 cyclopropanation agent;21, 45, 46 polymerization cocatalyst47) Physical Data: mp −58 °C; bp 62 °C/0.8 mmHg; d 0.835 g cm−3 (25 °C). Solubility: freely miscible with saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons; reacts violently with H2O and protic solvents. Form Supplied in: as a neat liquid in a stainless container or as a solution in hydrocarbon solvents (hexane, heptane, toluene). Analysis of Reagent Purity: brochures from manufacturers, describe an apparatus and method for assay. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: indefinitely stable under an inert atmosphere. The neat liquid or dense solutions are highly pyrophoric. Solutions more dilute than a certain concentration are not pyrophoric and are safer to handle. The nonpyrophoric limits are 13 wt % in isopentane, 12 wt % in hexane, and 12 wt % in heptane, respectively. Use of halogenated hydrocarbons as solvents should be avoided because of possible explosive reactions sometimes observed for mixtures of CCl4 and organoaluminums.
An ASP Approach for the Valves Positioning Optimization in a Water Distribution System. (2012)

Abstract. Positioning of valves is a real-life issue in Water Distribution Systemdesignand,currently,itisusuallyaddressedbyhandbyhydraulic engineers, or by means of genetic algorithms, that give no assurance of optimality. Since a given valves placement identifies a sectorization of the WDS in several isolable portions, the valves positioning problem can be seen as a variant of the well known graph partitioning, which is a hard combinatorial problem. [2] showed recently that Computational Logic can provide technologies and techniques that can be exploited to model and achieve the optimal partition of the water network (i.e., the optimal positioning of valves). In particular, they tackled the optimization of the valves positioning through a two player game model, giving a Constraint Logic Programming formalization to solve it effectively. The aim of this paper, instead, istoinvestigatethepotential ofAnswerSetProgramming in this practical application; evaluation is in terms both of language expressivityandsolvingefficiency.Resultsare discussedfor differentASP models and a comparison with the CLP(FD) technique shown by [2] will be given. 1
Continuous and discontinuous volume-phase transitions in surface-tethered, photo-crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) networks (2009)

The water–polymer demixing behavior of surface-tethered poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) networks copolymerized with x mol% of photo-crosslinkable methacryloyloxybenzophenone (MaBP) (x = 1, 3, 5, 10%) was characterized with neutron reflection and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Neutron reflection revealed that water is expelled discontinuously at low crosslink densities and continuously at high crosslink densities. The demarcation between the two behaviors occurred roughly at the critical point as measured by cloud point experiments. The neutron reflection experiments further revealed that the discontinuous concentration jump at low crosslink densities takes place in the presence of significant amounts of water and that water is not completely expelled in the process, with 2–3 water molecules remaining per polymer segment after the collapse of the network, independent of crosslink density. Parallel measurements with ATR-FTIR confirm that the transition is driven by dehydration of the isopropyl groups, with water remaining confined between the amide groups even at temperatures well above the demixing temperature. The internal water, however, is readily exchanged with deuterium oxide at temperatures up to 100 °C. This exchange points to the absence of a hydrophobic skin or physical barrier that would prevent water from completely leaving the film above the demixing temperature.