gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mainframe File System on Windows NT and AIX - Towards Heterogeneous Cluster File Share? (1999)

Twenty patients were investigated to determine whether total parenteral nutrition (TPN) influences the recovery of neutrophil (PMN) locomotory dysfunction in blunt trauma. Half were given TPN consisting of amino acids, glucose, electrolytes, and trace minerals, and half were given intravenous (I.V.) fluids consisting of 5% glucose in water or saline, electrolytes, and trace minerals. PMN locomotion was assayed using micropore filters. Analysis of the data by general linear modeling showed that PMN locomotion in TPN patients was significantly slower during the first 3 to 4 days postinjury. By sequential analysis, improved PMN function in the group not given TPN (NO TPN) occurred less than 95% of the time. TPN with amino acids and glucose may worsen and delay the recovery of PMN locomotory responses in blunt trauma, but the preference ratio of NO TPN:TPN for better PMN function was less than 95:5.
Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) Genetic Diversity and Traditional Subsistence: A Worldwide Population Survey (2011)

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is involved in human physiological responses to a variety of xenobiotic compounds, including common therapeutic drugs and exogenous chemicals present in the diet and the environment. Many questions remain about the evolutionary mechanisms that have led to the high prevalence of slow acetylators in the human species. Evidence from recent surveys of NAT2 gene variation suggests that NAT2 slow-causing variants might have become targets of positive selection as a consequence of the shift in modes of subsistence and lifestyle in human populations in the last 10,000 years. We aimed to test more extensively the hypothesis that slow acetylation prevalence in humans is related to the subsistence strategy adopted by the past populations. To this end, published frequency data on the most relevant genetic variants of NAT2 were collected from 128 population samples (14,679 individuals) representing different subsistence modes and dietary habits, allowing a thorough analysis at both a worldwide and continent scale. A significantly higher prevalence of the slow acetylation phenotype was observed in populations practicing farming (45.4%) and herding (48.2%) as compared to populations mostly relying on hunting and gathering (22.4%) (P = 0.0007). This was closely mirrored by the frequency of the slow 590A variant that was found to occur at a three-fold higher frequency in food producers (25%) as compared to hunter-gatherers (8%). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the Neolithic transition to subsistence economies based on agricultural and pastoral resources modified the selective regime affecting the NAT2 acetylation pathway. Furthermore, the vast amount of data collected enabled us to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date description of NAT2 worldwide genetic diversity, thus building up a useful resource of frequency data for further studies interested in epidemiological or anthropological research questions involving NAT2.
Intra-operative radiological diagnosis of a tip roll-over electrode array displacement using fluoroscopy, when electrophysiological testing is normal: the importance of both techniques in cochlear implant surgery (2017)

Intra-operative radiological diagnosis of a tip roll-over electrode array displacement using fluoroscopy, when electrophysiological testing is normal: the importance of both techniques in cochlear implant surgery ଝ Diagnóstico radiológico intraoperatório de deslocamento do eletrodo em ponta de caracol com o uso de fluoroscopia na presenc ¸a de testes eletrofisiológicos normais: a importância de ambas as técnicas na cirurgia
Fire and explosion hazards at temperature and pressure extremes (1965)

Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but has long been neglected by national and international policymakers. Recent modelling studies suggest that investing in the global elimination of viral hepatitis is feasible and cost-effective. In 2016, all 194 member states of the World Health Organization endorsed the goal to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, but complex systemic and social realities hamper implementation efforts. This paper presents eight case studies from a diverse range of countries that have invested in responses to viral hepatitis and adopted innovative approaches to tackle their respective epidemics. Based on an investment framework developed to build a global investment case for the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030, national activities and key enablers are highlighted that showcase the feasibility and impact of concerted hepatitis responses across a range of settings, with different levels of available resources and infrastructural development. These case studies demonstrate the utility of taking a multipronged, public health approach to: (a) evidence-gathering and planning; (b) implementation; and (c) integration of viral hepatitis services into the Agenda for Sustainable Development. They provide models for planning, investment and implementation strategies for other countries facing similar challenges and resource constraints.
Dynamic codebook adaptive vector quantization for image coding (1999)

A new image coding scheme called dynamic codebook adaptive vector quantization (DCAVQ) is proposed. DCAVQ is designed to minimize the transmission overhead and computational complexity of existing adaptive vector quantization systems. Simulation results using real images demonstrate both subjective and objective performance of decoded images are improved using the proposed method. On the other hand, the execution time of the system is being comparable to that of a standard universal VQ system.
IGFBPs and Breast Cancer (2003)

The IGFBP family comprises 6 proteins with high affinity for the IGFs, there are also several much lower affinity IGFBP-related proteins. Their production in the breast is controlled by hormones, other local regulators and in tumours relates to the estrogen receptor status. Their functional activity can also be affected by various post-translational modifications, including proteolysis, phosphorylation and glycosylation. The IGFs are generally present at levels far in excess of that required for maximal receptor stimulation, and the IGFBPs are critical regulators of their cellular actions. IGFBPs can affect cell function in an IGF-dependent or independent manner. IGF bioactivity locally in the breast is influenced not only by local tissue expression and regulation of IGFs, IGFBPs and IGFBP proteases, but also by these factors delivered from the circulation. Changes in the balance of the components of the IGF system may lead to a disruption of tissue homeostasis.
A Framework for Integrating Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance into the Systems Development Process (2007)

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act introduces a new set of requirements into software development. Corporations need to assess their internal control effectiveness for business processes to show compliance with the act. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for integrating Sarbanes-Oxley compliance needs into software development by mapping the activities of an established framework for internal controls to the various workflows of the systems development process. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed and future research directions are explored.
ESL/EFL Book Publishing: A World of Opportunity. (1999)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a new method for treating animal wastewaters and simultaneously producing electricity. Preliminary tests using a two-chambered MFC with an aqueous cathode indicated that electricity could be generated from swine wastewater containing 8320 +/- 190 mg/L of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) (maximum power density of 45 mW/m2). More extensive tests with a single-chambered air cathode MFC produced a maximum power density with the animal wastewater of 261 mW/m2 (200 omega resistor), which was 79% larger than that previously obtained with the same system using domestic wastewater (146 +/- 8 mW/m2) due to the higher concentration of organic matter in the swine wastewater. Power generation as a function of substrate concentration was modeled according to saturation kinetics, with a maximum power density of P(max) = 225 mW/m2 (fixed 1000 omega resistor) and half-saturation concentration of K(s) = 1512 mg/L (total COD). Ammonia was removed from 198 +/- 1 to 34 +/- 1 mg/L (83% removal). In order to try to increase power output and overall treatment efficiency, diluted (1:10) wastewater was sonicated and autoclaved. This pretreated wastewater generated 16% more power after treatment (110 +/- 4 mW/m2) than before treatment (96 +/- 4 mW/m2). SCOD removal was increased from 88% to 92% by stirring diluted wastewater, although power output slightly decreased. These results demonstrate that animal wastewaters such as this swine wastewater can be used for power generation in MFCs while at the same time achieving wastewater treatment.
Preserving the Future of Rural Schools and Communities in the Plains (2005)

There is a well-documented pattern in rural areas across the plains, as well as in other parts of the United States, of population loss and the associated consolidation or closing of literally thousands of rural schools. There is also dramatic evidence of the demise of a great many, once prosperous, small communities surrounding those same schools. It is time for more effective and sustained intervention, particularly in strengthening a sense of ‘citizenship of the place’ in those communities, especially among current school-aged children. Without this kind of thoughtful change in philosophy, the pattern of decline will continue to be repeated. Preserving the future of the remaining small schools and communities on the plains is a challenge this paper intends to begin to address.
Optimization of the Digital Near-Field Beamforming for Underwater 3-D Sonar Imaging System (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper proposes a novel approximation for the delays of digital near-field beamforming based on a planar array. An optimized algorithm for the underwater 3-D sonar imaging system based on the novel approximation will also be described. The algorithm is applied to both an evenly spaced planar array and an unevenly spaced planar array. A data path for the optimized algorithm will be illustrated. Comparisons of the memory and the computational requirements between the optimized algorithm and the direct method (DM) beamforming will be presented. Comparisons of the proposed approximation and the Fresnel approximation will also be demonstrated. This paper illustrates that the proposed approximation enlarges the validity region of the system's view scene as compared with the Fresnel approximation. The optimized algorithm has the advantage of reducing the memory requirements for parameter storage comparing with DM beamforming. </para>
Combinatorial Properties and Constructions of Traceability Schemes and Frameproof Codes (1998)

In this paper, we investigate combinatorial properties and constructions of two recent topics of cryptographic interest, namely frameproof codes for digital fingerprinting and traceability schemes for broadcast encryption. We first give combinatorial descriptions of these two objects in terms of set systems and also discuss the Hamming distance of frameproof codes when viewed as error-correcting codes. From these descriptions, it is seen that existence of a c-traceability scheme implies the existence of a c-frameproof code. We then give several constructions of frameproof codes and traceability schemes by using combinatorial structures such as t-designs, packing designs, error-correcting codes, and perfect hash families. We also investigate embeddings of frameproof codes and traceability schemes, which allow a given scheme to be expanded at a later date to accommodate more users. Finally, we look briefly at bounds which establish necessary conditions for existence of these structures.
Scaling up evolutionary responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>: lessons from <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

Abstract Results from norm of reaction studies and selection experiments indicate that elevated CO 2 will act as a selective agent on natural plant populations, especially for C 3 species that are most sensitive to changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Evolutionary responses to CO 2 may alter plant physiology, development rate, growth, and reproduction in ways that cannot be predicted from single generation studies. Moreover, ecological and evolutionary changes in plant communities will have a range of consequences at higher spatial scales and may cause substantial deviations from ecosystem level predictions based on short‐term responses to elevated CO 2 . Therefore, steps need to be taken to identify the plant traits that are most likely to evolve at elevated CO 2 , and to understand how these changes may affect net primary productivity within ecosystems. These processes may range in scale from molecular and physiological changes that occur among genotypes at the individual and population levels, to changes in community‐ and ecosystem‐level productivity that result from the integrative effects of different plant species evolving simultaneously. In this review, we (1) synthesize recent studies investigating the role of atmospheric CO 2 as a selective agent on plants, (2) discuss possible control points during plant development that may change in response to selection at elevated CO 2 with an emphasis at the primary molecular level, and (3) provide a quantitative framework for scaling the evolutionary effects of CO 2 on plants in order to determine changes in community and ecosystem productivity. Furthermore, this review points out that studies integrating the effects of plant evolution in response to elevated CO 2 are lacking, and therefore more attention needs be devoted to this issue among the global change research community.
Series-connected GaN transistors for ultra-fast high-voltage switch (>1kV) (2017)

The feasibility of a 1.2kV GaN switch based on two series-connected 650V GaN transistors is demonstrated in this paper. Aside to achieve ultra-fast transitions and reduced switching energy loss, stacking GaN transistors enables compatibility with high-voltage GaN-on-Silicon technologies. A proof-of-concept is provided by electrical characterization and hard-switching operation of a GaN Super-Cascode built with discrete components. Further investigations to enhance stability with auxiliary components are carried out by simulations and co-integrated prototypes are proven at wafer level.
Influence of Changes in Blood Pressure on Cerebral Perfusion and Oxygenation (2010)

Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a critical process for the maintenance of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Assessment of CA is frequently used for experimental research and in the diagnosis, monitoring, or prognosis of cerebrovascular disease; however, despite the extensive use and reference to static CA, a valid quantification of "normal" CA has not been clearly identified. While controlling for the influence of arterial Pco(2), we provide the first clear examination of static CA in healthy humans over a wide range of blood pressure. In 11 healthy humans, beat-to-beat blood pressure (radial arterial), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), end-tidal Pco(2), and cerebral oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy) were recorded continuously during pharmacological-induced changes in mean blood pressure. In a randomized order, steady-state decreases and increases in mean blood pressure (8 to 14 levels; range: approximately 40 to approximately 125 mm Hg) were achieved using intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside or phenylephrine, respectively. MCAv(mean) was altered by 0.82+/-0.35% per millimeter of mercury change in mean blood pressure (R(2)=0.82). Changes in cortical oxygenation index were inversely related to changes in mean blood pressure (slope=-0.18%/mm Hg; R(2)=0.60) and MCAv(mean) (slope=-0.26%/cm . s(-1); R(2)=0.54). There was a progressive increase in MCAv pulsatility with hypotension. These findings indicate that cerebral blood flow closely follows pharmacological-induced changes in blood pressure in otherwise healthy humans. Thus, a finite slope of the plateau region does not necessarily imply a defective CA. Moreover, with progressive hypotension and hypertension there are differential changes in cerebral oxygenation and MCAv(mean).
An ambient, personalised, and context-sensitive information system for mobile users (2004)

In this demonstration, we will show a context-aware information system intended for mobile users. The demonstration involves special-purpose hardware devices, called 'context tags', which can work with mobile devices such as mobile phones, to provide ambient information to users on the move. Key to the framework is special support for content service providers, through software that allows existing content to be delivered seamlessly to mobile devices, as and when it is needed by users. The demonstration will show how these components work together to provide an effective ambient information system for mobile users.
Why Are So Few Financial Assets Indexed to Inflation (1983)

Highly volatile inflation over the past ten years has likely heightened uncertainty about inflation. This uncertainty should have presumably led to a growing number of inflationindexed financial assets. By insulating real earnings from unexpected changes in the price level, such indexation would have guaranteed real rates of return to investors. Although financial assets have become increasingly flexible over the period, surprisingly few inflationindexed assets have emerged. This article addresses the near-absence of inflation-indexed financial assets in the United States. The article surveys the growing flexibility of financial assets in the inflationary 1973-82 period, and examines possible reasons why this flexibility has so seldom taken the form of inflation indexation. The first section describes the mechanics of inflation indexation and illustrates how such indexation could have prevented the negative real rates of return earned over much of the 1973-82 ation are compared and their potential performance evaluated. The second section surveys the increasing flexibility of financial assets in recent years. The analysis focuses on the major liabilities of three broad groups: corporations, households, and financial intermediaries. Among the instruments discussed are floating rate corporate notes, deep-discount and zero-coupon corporate bonds, variable rate business loans, adjustable rate mortgages, and ceiling-free time deposits. With few exceptions, inflation indexation has been missing from recent innovations. Possible explanations for the paucity of inflation-indexed financial assets are explored in the third section. The discussion is guided by consideration of the likely supply and demand motives of corporations, households, and financial intermediaries. The final section offers a summary and concluding remarks. INDEXATION AND INFLATION period. The mechanics of an alternative index- ~~fl~~~~~-~~~~~~ d
ESD protection design for I/O cells with embedded SCR structure as power-rail ESD clamp device in nanoscale CMOS technology (2005)

This paper presents a new electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design for input/output (I/O) cells with embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) structure as power-rail ESD clamp device in a 130-nm CMOS process. Two new embedded SCR structures without latchup danger are proposed to be placed between the input (or output) pMOS and nMOS devices of the I/O cells. Furthermore, the turn-on efficiency of embedded SCR can be significantly increased by substrate-triggered technique. Experimental results have verified that the human-body-model (HBM) ESD level of this new proposed I/O cells can be greater than 5 kV in a 130-nm fully salicided CMOS process. By including the efficient power-rail ESD clamp device into each I/O cell, whole-chip ESD protection scheme can be successfully achieved within a small silicon area of the I/O cell.
Eigenspace-based beamformer using oblique signal subspace projection for ultrasound plane-wave imaging (2016)

Results have shown that, in ultrasound imaging, oblique projection is more sensible and effective than orthogonal subspace projection. Better signal and speckle preservation could be obtained by oblique projection compare to orthogonal projection. Also shadowing artifacts around the hyperechoic targets have been eliminated. Implementation the new subspace identification has enhanced the imaging resolution of the minimum variance beamformer due to the increasing the signal power in direction of arrival. Also it has offered better sidelobe suppression and a higher dynamic range.
Orthodontic retention: A systematic review (2006)

There is currently insufficient evidence on which to base the clinical practice of orthodontic retention.
Ionic liquids and their use for the dissolution of natural polymers (2007)

The experimental and calculated data on the structure and properties of ionic liquids are presented. The prospects for their use as the solvents for natural polymers are considered.
Size Effects of Oligothiophene on the Dynamics of Electron Transfer in π-Conjugated Oligothiophene-Perylene Bisimide Dyads (2008)

The photophysical properties of a series of π-conjugated oligothiophene-perylene bisimide dyads nT-PBI (n = 1, 2, and 3) in solutions were investigated. A sharp fluorescence quenching of the perylene bisimide moiety in these dyads nT-PBI (n = 1, 2, and 3) was observed upon photoexcitation of the perylene bisimide moiety, indicating a fast and efficient electron-transfer process. The properties of photoinduced electron transfer of these dyads nT-PBI (n = 1, 2, and 3) in solutions were investigated by time-resolved fluorescence spectra and femtosecond transient absorption spectra in the visible region. It was found that as the number of thiophene repeat units, i.e., the size, increases, the rate constants of charge separation and charge recombination increase about 3 orders and over 1 order of magnitude, respectively, because of the combined effects of energetics and electronic coupling. These results demonstrate that a change in size of donor could change and modulate the dynamics of electron transfer.
Performance evaluation of flexible duplex implement based on radio frame selection in LTE heterogeneous network (2015)

Performance gain can be obtained by dynamically reconfiguring the uplink and downlink radio frames in TDD systems. FDD systems can also benefit from the flexibility in the allocation of uplink and downlink resources. The paper proposes a specific implement of flexible duplex based on selection between different designs of radio frames to make the FDD network more adaptive to the real time situation of uplink and downlink traffic. The interference generated by flexible duplex is analyzed with a typical mathematic model and several scenarios are discussed to find out the ideal scenario to apply flexible duplex. Some simulation results are given to show the gain obtained by the scheme.