gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal Phagocytic Capacity of Macrophages Isolated from Different Canine Organs (1989)

Conventional methods used in laboratory animals for collection of resident macrophages (MAC) proved suitable for isolation of hepatic, splenic, dermic, peritoneal and alveolar MAC of healthy dogs. Phagocytic assays of IgG opsonised SRBC were performed with resident MAC obtained from these organs. Results showed the existence of statistically significant differences among phagocytic capacity of the investigated MAC. According to this, three groups of MAC could be defined: a first group comprising dermic, splenic and alveolar MAC; a second group comprising hepatic MAC and a third group comprising peritoneal MAC.
The <scp>d</scp> -2-Hydroxyacid Dehydrogenase Incorrectly Annotated PanE Is the Sole Reduction System for Branched-Chain 2-Keto Acids in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (2008)

Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases of lactic acid bacteria, which catalyze the stereospecific reduction of branched-chain 2-keto acids to 2-hydroxyacids, are of interest in a variety of fields, including cheese flavor formation via amino acid catabolism. In this study, we used both targeted and random mutagenesis to identify the genes responsible for the reduction of 2-keto acids derived from amino acids in Lactococcus lactis. The gene panE, whose inactivation suppressed hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase activity, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant His-tagged fusion protein was purified and characterized. The gene annotated panE was the sole gene responsible for the reduction of the 2-keto acids derived from leucine, isoleucine, and valine, while ldh, encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase, was responsible for the reduction of the 2-keto acids derived from phenylalanine and methionine. The kinetic parameters of the His-tagged PanE showed the highest catalytic efficiencies with 2-ketoisocaproate, 2-ketomethylvalerate, 2-ketoisovalerate, and benzoylformate (V(max)/K(m) ratios of 6,640, 4,180, 3,300, and 2,050 U/mg/mM, respectively), with NADH as the exclusive coenzyme. For the reverse reaction, the enzyme accepted d-2-hydroxyacids but not l-2-hydroxyacids. Although PanE showed the highest degrees of identity to putative NADP-dependent 2-ketopantoate reductases (KPRs), it did not exhibit KPR activity. Sequence homology analysis revealed that, together with the d-mandelate dehydrogenase of Enterococcus faecium and probably other putative KPRs, PanE belongs to a new family of D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases which is unrelated to the well-described D-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase family. Its probable physiological role is to regenerate the NAD(+) necessary to catabolize branched-chain amino acids, leading to the production of ATP and aroma compounds.
Genome‐wide association scan of the time to onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2008)

A time-to-onset analysis for family-based samples was performed on the genomewide association (GWAS) data for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine if associations exist with the age at onset of ADHD. The initial dataset consisted of 958 parent-offspring trios that were genotyped on the Perlegen 600,000 SNP array. After data cleaning procedures, 429,981 autosomal SNPs and 930 parent-offspring trios were used found suitable for use and a family-based logrank analysis was performed using that age at first ADHD symptoms as the quantitative trait of interest. No SNP achieved genome-wide significance, and the lowest P-values had a magnitude of 10(-7). Several SNPs among a pre-specified list of candidate genes had nominal associations including SLC9A9, DRD1, ADRB2, SLC6A3, NFIL3, ADRB1, SYT1, HTR2A, ARRB2, and CHRNA4. Of these findings SLC9A9 stood out as a promising candidate, with nominally significant SNPs in six distinct regions of the gene.
Testing Overidentifying Restrictions When the Disturbances are Small (1970)

Abstract Natural test statistics for the hypothesis that an equation is overidentified have been developed by Anderson and Rubin and by Basmann. If the disturbances are jointly normal, serially uncorrected, and small, both the above overidentification test statistics have the Fisher variance-ratio distribution asymptotically as the variance of the error terms gets small. This gives an analytic explanation of Monte Carlo results of Basmann. The results given apply to linear models in which predetermined variables are exogenous.
Association of the Lumican Gene Functional 3′-UTR Polymorphism with High Myopia (2010)

These observations suggest that LUM gene polymorphisms contribute to the development of high myopia.
Scope and Limitations of a New Highly Selective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Monomers for the Synthesis of Precursors toward Poly(arylenevinylene)s (1999)

In our laboratory a precursor route to poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives is developed in which unsymmetrically substituted p-xylene derivatives, possessing a benzylic sulfinylalkyl group, are used as monomers. Because of this unsymmetry, we were forced to investigate thoroughly the synthesis of these sulfoxides, as we start from symmetric and readily accessible molecules, namely, bis(halomethyl)-p-xylene derivatives. In a former publication, a new extremely effective route for the production of these unsymmetrically substituted sulfinyl monomers was presented. This paper expands upon these previously reported results. To examine the scope and limitations of this elegant route, this new method was applied to the synthesis of various derivatives not included in the initial work.
SuPAR is associated with death and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (2020)

We demonstrate that the inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is an independent predictor of death/myocardial infarction in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease, but is not associated with the presence or severity of coronary artery disease.
Estimation of ABO(H) Isoantigen Expression in Bladder Tuiviors (1985)

ABO(H) isoantigen expression was estimated semiquantitatively with the red cell adherence test on single epithelial cell suspensions from 89 bladder tumor and 7 normal bladder specimens. Correlations of red cell adherence counts positive for antigen with the pathological findings of the bladder (histology and stage of tumor) were made in a blind fashion at the end of the study. The mean count positive for antigen from normal bladders was 86.0, which was significantly different (p less than 0.001) from those of muscle-invading lesions (12.6) and flat carcinoma in situ (21.6). This study shows a good correlation among the cell counts positive for antigen, histological findings and stage of disease, and provides the basis for a prospective study that may help to determine the role of ABO(H) isoantigen measurement in bladder tumor patients.
Low‐dose azacitidine after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia (2009)

: Low-dose 5-azacitidine may induce durable remissions for patients who develop disease recurrence after HSCT. Further follow-up and a larger group of patients will be necessary to confirm these observations. Cancer 2009. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.
Interactions of H1 and H5 histones with polynucleotides of B- and Z-DNA conformations (1984)

Interactions of chicken H1 and H5 histones with poly(dA-dT), poly(dG-dC), and the Z-DNA structure brominated poly(dG-dC) were measured by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay and circular dichroism. At low protein:DNA ratios, both H1 and H5 bound more Z-DNA than B-DNA, and binding of Z-DNA was less sensitive to interference by an increase in ionic strength (to 600 mM NaCl). H5 histone bound a higher percentage of all three polynucleotides than did H1 and caused more profound CD spectral changes as well. For spectral studies, histones and DNA were mixed in 2.0 M NaCl and dialyzed stepwise to low ionic strength. Prepared in this way or by direct mixing in 150 mM NaCl, complexes made with right-handed poly(dG-dC) showed a deeply negative psi spectrum (deeper with H5 than with H1). Complexes of histone and Br-poly(dG-dC) showed a reduction in the characteristic Z-DNA spectral features, with H5 again having a greater effect. Complexes of poly(dA-dT) and H5, prepared by mixing them at a protein:DNA ratio of 0.5, displayed a distinctive spectrum that was not achieved with H1 even at higher protein:DNA ratios. It included a new negative band at 287 nm and a large positive band at 255 nm, giving the appearance of an inverted spectrum relative to spectra of various forms of B-DNA. These findings may reflect an ability of the different lysine-rich histones to cause varying conformational changes in the condensation of chromatin in DNA regions of highly biased base sequence.
The Genetic Control of Molybdoflavoproteins in Aspergillus nidulans. A Xanthine Dehydrogenase I Half-Molecule in cnx- Mutant Strains of Aspergillus nidulans (1977)

The cnx- group of mutants of Aspergillus nidulans lacks xanthine dehydrogenase (xanthine: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.37) and nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.3) activities and are thought to be defective in the synthesis of a molybdenum-containing cofactor, 'cnx', common to xanthine dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase [Pateman, J.A., Rever, B.M., Cove, D.J. and Roberts, D.B. (1964) Nature (Lond.) 201, 58-60]. The cnx cofactor has a role in maintaining the aggregated multimeric structure of nitrate reductase [MacDonald, D.W., Cove, D.J. and Coddington, A. (1974) Mol. Gen. Genet. 128, 187-199]. We report here that, in cnx- mutants grown under conditions inducing xanthine dehydrogenase I, a species cross-reacting with antisera to the native enzyme and of half its molecular weight is present, together with cross-reacting molecules of similar molecular weight to the native enzyme. This suggests that the cnx cofactor has a role in maintaining the aggregated structure of xanthine dehydrogenase I. Both cross-reacting species are capable of passing reducing equivalents from NADH to a tetrazolium salt, showing that the cnx cofactor is not necessary for enzymic activity towards NADH.
Implementation of an Evolving non Quadratic Anisotropic Behaviour for the Closed Packed Materials (2010)

In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of α‐titanium alloys is modelised for the cold forming processes. The elasto‐plastic constitutive law is decomposed in an anisotropic plastic criterion, an isotropic hardening and a kinematic hardening. Non quadratic criteria have been developed by Cazacu et al. [1], to model the plasticity of hexagonal closed packed materials. The implementation of this model in a finite element software switch between two bases, the equilibrium is calculated in a reference basis and the anisotropy axes define a local basis, updated by the deformation gradient. An identification procedure, based on tensile tests, allows defining all the parameters needed to model the elasto‐plastic behaviour. Simulations of cold forming processes (bulging and deep drawing) have been done to validate this model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data, obtained from speckles analysis.
Effects of processing on the electronic defect levels in CuInSe/sub 2/ (2002)

The effects of CuInSe/sub 2/ preparation and processing on the electronic defect levels are investigated. Heat treatments in selenium are correlated with the electro-optical and structural characteristics of single-crystal and polycrystalline material properties and device parameters. High-resolution photoluminescence and deep-level transient spectroscopy studies are used to identify the energy levels associated with the chemical defect states dominating the CuInSe/sub 2/. The effects of Se heat treatments on existing and process-generated defect states (deep and shallow) are identified and correlated with the junction characteristics. Atomic force microscopy provides information on the nanoscale and microscale structural differences among the films as a function of the processing procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of internal logistic systems based on event logs (2010)

Internal logistic systems are an important part of the modern industry. Their design is challenging due to high complexity and heterogeneity. It involves as a rule elaborate simulations, but the analysis of the simulation results is often limited to acquisition of key indicators. In addition, analysis of these systems at runtime is difficult due to a large amount of monitoring data. Nonetheless, in-depth analysis of logistic systems during their design and operation would contribute much to improving their performance. This paper describes a generic approach for analysis of internal behavior of logistic systems based on event logs. The purpose of the analysis is the identification of design and operation problems and their causes. The approach is demonstrated for simulation analysis of baggage handling systems.
VE‐Cadherin‐Cre‐recombinase transgenic mouse: A tool for lineage analysis and gene deletion in endothelial cells (2006)

The ability to target gene deletion to a specific cellular compartment via the Cre/loxP system has been a powerful tool in the analysis of broadly expressed genes. Here, we report the generation of a transgenic mouse line in which expression of Cre-recombinase is under the regulatory control of the VE-Cadherin promoter. Temporal distribution and activity of the enzyme was evaluated with two independent Cre reporter lines. Histological analysis was performed throughout development and in the adult. Recombination of lox P sites with subsequent expression of beta-galactosidase or GFP was detected as early as E7.5 in endothelial cells of the yolk sac. Progressive staining of the embryonic vasculature was noted from E8.5-13.5; however, more contiguous reporter expression was only seen by E14.5 onward in all endothelial compartments including arteries, veins, and capillaries. In addition, we found Cre activity in lymphatic endothelial cells. Unlike other endothelial-specific Cre mice, this model showed expression in the adult quiescent vasculature. Furthermore, the constitutive nature of the VE-Cadherin promoter in the adult can be advantageous for analysis of gene deletion in pathological settings.
(Invited) Microstrucutural Characterizaton of Stressed AlGaN/GaN HEMT Devices (2014)

Defects produced from the application of electrical stress to AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were studied. The defects observed include micron-length cracking of the AlGaN and GaN layers, a reaction of the native oxide interfacial layer between the gate contact and AlGaN epilayer resulting in a band defect, and an electrochemical pitting reaction between the gate contact and AlGaN epilayer. These defects were characterized using a combination of surface etching chemical deprocessing, top-down scanning electron microscopy, and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. The cracks in the AlGaN and GaN layers are shown to lengthen under application of electrical stress. The band defects appear to coincide with a large increase in gate leakage current associated with the critical voltage during electrical stressing. However, continued electrical stressing past the critical voltage results in pitting of the AlGaN epilayer under and near the gate contact. Simulations of the electric field lines from these pitted devices match the defect morphology across a range of different stress conditions and device structures and geometries.
Exact diagonalization of finite frustrated spin-(1/2 Heisenberg models (1990)

We have studied the spectrum of low-spin eigenstates of a spin-(1/2 Heisenberg model on 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 square lattices with up to third-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. We have computed the staggered susceptibility, spin-spin correlation function, and the overlap of the exact ground state with various variational spin-density-wave ordered states as well as with the equal-amplitude, nearest-neighbor resonating-valence-bond state (which is the prototypical short-ranged RVB state). We find evidence for a complicated phase diagram with a region in which a short-ranged RVB state may be the ground state.
Seeking lower costs in small breeder recycle plants (1992)

A consistent analysis of a visual scene requires the recognition of different objects. In vertebrate brains this could be achieved by synchronization of the activity of disjunct nerve cell assemblies. During such a process cross-talk between spatially adjacent image parts occurs, preventing efficient synchronization. Temporal differences, naturally introduced by stimulus latencies in every sensory system, were utilized in this study to counteract this effect and strongly improve network performance. To this end in our model the image is 'spread out' in time as a function of contrast-dependent visual latencies, and synchronization of cell assemblies occurs without mutual disturbance. The network model requires a direct link between visual latencies and the onset of synchronous oscillations in cortical cells. This was confirmed experimentally.
Colloid Chemical Studies of Starching Materials. V. Rheological Properties of Concentrated Polyvinyl Alcohol Solutions (1964)

Abstract The dynamic viscosity, dynamic rigidity and steady-flow viscosity at 30°C have been measured for 11∼12% solutions of four specimens of polyvinyl alcohol, GH-17, GH-23, NH-17 and HN-26, 20, 60 and 110 hr. after the preparation of the solutions. In the dynamic measurement by a top-drive coaxial oscillation rheometer, the relations of η and G vs. ω did not depend on time and have all been explained by Rouse’s theory except for NH-26, the latter showing time and ω dependencies of the structure. In the steady-flow measurement by a coaxial rotation viscometer, the viscosity of all the polymers showed both time and velocity gradient dependencies.
Perfluorocarbon Compound Aerosols for Delivery to the Lung as Potential 19F Magnetic Resonance Reporters of Regional Pulmonary pO2 (1997)

Perfluorocarbon aerosols of controlled size distribution can be produced at sufficient concentration with pneumatic generators for distribution to the terminal pulmonary architecture and visualization using 19F MR imaging. The potential exists for in vivo oxygen-sensitive imaging in the pulmonary system and development of sophisticated experimental animal models of systemic oxygen transport as a function of pulmonary status.
Densification in PZT (1981)

Abstract The reaction sequence of PZT formation from the mixture of PbO-ZrO2-TiO2 has been extensively studied1-3. However, there have been no studies on the morphological changes occurring during the calcination process. The dependence of the characteristics and properties of the ceramic on the calcining conditions though has been well noted4–5, no systematic explanations have been given for the reasons of such dependencies. Inhomogeneous sintering has been observed in PZT tapes and disks6 and was attributed to packing characteristics and chemical inhomogeneities. Earlier efforts to reactively sinter PZT ceramics from uncalcined oxide mixtures were in vain due to the “anomalous” expansion of the compacts during the sintering process7 The purpose of this study was to investigate the dilatometric behavior of the compacts during calcining and its influence of sintering and properties of PZT ceramics.
The Photolysis of Iodoaromatic Compounds (1968)

Abstract Under appropriate conditions, the photolysis of iodoaromatic compounds yields derivatives of biphenyl and phenanthrene, as well as organometallic compounds. Ring closures of o‐terphenyls to triphenylenes and of benzanilides to phenanthridones are described. The formation of dehydrobenzene (benzyne) on photolysis of 1,2‐diiodobenzene in solution has been established. The photolysis of various substituted iodoaromatic compounds or of substances such as CH 3 I, ICN, ICH 3 , COOH, or RCCI, provides a general method for the generation of a large variety of free radicals in solution. The potential uses of photochemically initiated exchanges of iodine in ArI for 131 I, Li, D, Cl, or Br are noted.
Metabolites of octoclothepin eliminated in human and rat urine (1969)

1. Four metabolites and unchanged octoclothepin were extracted with dichloroethane from the urine of humans given octoclothepin. These substances were isolated and purified by column and thin-layer chromatography. 2. By chromatographic, spectrophotometric and polarographic analysis, unchanged octoclothepin and three of the metabolites were identified (noroctoclothepin, noroctoclothepin S-oxide and octoclothepin S-oxide). 3. The presence of glucuronides in human urine was proved. 4. The same metabolites and unchanged octoclothepin were also found in rat urine by chromatography.
The Effect of Single Salt Solutions on the Fertilizability of the Herring Egg (With 5 Text-figures) (1956)

Newman (1905) stated that MIS KCI helps the Fundulus egg to retain its fertilizability longer than MIS NaCL Ishida (1948), on the contrary, found that M/7,5 NaCI helps the Oryzias egg to retain its fertilizability considerably longer than M/7.5 KCL Thus the results obtained in Fundulus and th'at in Oryzias contradict each other.Since the eggs of these two forms are known to be practically immune to osmotic changes of the medium (Loeb' 15, Yamamoto '41), the contrariety of the results may not be attributed to the difference in osmotic pressure of the solutions used by these investigators.In the case of Clupea, at any rate, no practical difference was found between N aCI and KCI, with respect to their capacity for preserving the fertilizability of the unfertilized egg.The action of NaCl solutions of various concentrations ranging from 1 M to M/512 was tested.The same method of procedure was used throughout as in the experiments with isotonic solutions.Results of a typical series of experiments are 2) Constitution of isotonic Ringer's solution; M/4.5 NaCI 100 ml + M/4.5 KCI 3.5 ml + M/S.7 CaCl 2 l.5 ml + M/S.7 MgCl 2 2.4 ml (pH was adjusted to 7.S by addition of a small amount of sodium bicarbonate). Effect of Solutions on Fertilizability of the Herring Eggf.
Ultrashort-pulse measurement using noninstantaneous nonlinearities: Raman effects in frequency-resolved optical gating (1995)

Ultrashort-pulse-characterization techniques generally require instantaneously responding media. We show that this is not the case for frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). We include, as an example, the noninstantaneous Raman response of fused silica, which can cause errors in the retrieved pulse width of as much as 8% for a 25-fs pulse in polarization-gate FROG. We present a modified pulse-retrieval algorithm that deconvolves such slow effects and use it to retrieve pulses of any width. In experiments with 45-fs pulses this algorithm achieved better convergence and yielded a shorter pulse than previous FROG algorithms.