gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Holographic testing canal of adaptive optical systems</title> (1991)

In this work the problems of the design of the testing canal of adaptive optical system on the basis of the hologram optical element (HOE) coated on the active element is considered. The paraxial analysis of the HOE recording and the test ing canal working are presented. As wel 1 as the analys is of holographic testing canal working with respect up to the fourth-order wave aberrat ions . On the bas is of this analysis the tolerances for the hologram construction optical parameters are determined. The results of modeling of the aberration being arisen both in the main canal and in the testing one for the various deformations and the displacements of the active surface are presented.
Estimating disperse network queues (1990)

Recent work in queueing theory has provided a means by which queue lengths can be estimated based solely on information about service completions. The work yields algorithms that permit the estimation of invisible or disperse queues which would be difficult to measure directly. These algorithms may be applied to resources in communications networks at which difficult-to-measure queues exist. The following paper presents an algorithm for queue estimation and measures its accuracy on transmission data taken from an ethernet environment. Results show the algorithm to be fairly accurate despite its simplifying assumption that the arrival process of the data packets is Poisson; for about 2/3 of the queues analyzed, the ratio of the root mean square difference between the real queue and the estimated queue to the average real queue is less than 1/2.
New insight into long‐range nonadditivity within protein double‐mutant cycles (2007)

Additivity principles in chemistry, biochemistry, and biophysics have been used extensively for decades. Nevertheless, it is well known that additivity frequently breaks down in complex biomacromolecules. Nonadditivity within protein double mutant free energy cycles of spatially close residue pairs is a generally well-understood phenomenon, whereas a robust description of nonadditivity extending over large distances remains to be developed. Here, we test the hypothesis that the mutational effects tend to be nonadditive if two structurally well-separated mutated residues belong to the same rigid cluster within the wild type protein, and additive if they are located within different clusters. We find the hypothesis to be statistically significant with P-values that range from 10(-5) to 10(-6). To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the first demonstration of a statistically significant preponderance for nonadditivity over long distances. These findings provide new insight into the origins of long-range nonadditivity in double mutant cycles, which complements the conventional wisdom that nonadditivity arises in double mutations involving contacting residues. Consequently, these results should have far-reaching implications for a proper understanding of protein stability, structure/function analyses, and protein design.
Identification of Triton X-100 Insoluble Membrane Domains in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Low density Triton X-100 insoluble (LDTI) membrane domains are found in most mammalian cell types. Previous biochemical and immunolocalization studies have revealed the presence of G-protein coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G-protein subunits (Galpha and Gbetagamma subunits) within these structures, implicating mammalian LDTI membrane domains in G-protein coupled signaling. Here, we present biochemical evidence that similar LDTI structures exist in a genetically tractable organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast LDTI membranes were purified based on the known biochemical properties of mammalian LDTI membranes: (i) their Triton X-100 insolubility; and (ii) their discrete buoyant density in sucrose gradients. As with purified mammalian LDTI membranes, these yeast LDTI membranes harbor the subunits of the heterotrimeric G-proteins (Galpha and Gbetagamma subunits). Other plasma membrane marker proteins (the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and a GPI-linked protein Gas1p) are preferentially excluded from these purified fractions. Mutational and genetic analyses were performed to define the requirements for the targeting of G-protein subunits to these yeast membrane domains. We find that the targeting of Galpha is independent of myristoylation, whereas targeting of Ggamma requires prenylation. Perhaps surprisingly, the targeting of Gbeta to this membrane domain did not require coexpression of Ggamma. It should now be possible to dissect the function of LDTI membrane domains using yeast as a model genetic system.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Wacker Cyclizations in Nonpolar Organic Solvents with Molecular Oxygen: A Stepping Stone to Asymmetric Aerobic Cyclizations (2003)

A variety of Pd-catalyzed oxidative nucleophile/alkene cyclizations proceeds in excellent yield under simple aerobic conditions in nonpolar media (Pd catalyst, pyridine, and O2 in toluene). Nucleophiles for these cyclizations include phenols, carboxylic acids, amides, and primary alcohols. Additionally, enantioselective catalysis is feasible with a Pd-sparteine system (see picture). Enantioselectivities of up to 90 % ee are observed for simple phenol/alkene cyclizations.
Cognitive WSN transmission control for energy efficiency under WLAN coexistence (2011)

In this paper we design a cognitive access scheme for WSNs that coexist with WLANs, considering the problem of blind and hidden WLAN terminals. The cognitive access scheme relies on a-priory known WLAN idle time distribution functions and repeated channel measurements to optimize the size of the
Synthesis of a C20-Deoxygenated Spirangien Derivative for Target Identification (2015)

The synthesis of a C20-deoxygenated spirangien derivative is described that allows the incorporation of various affinity labels for target identification of this potent natural product. The synthesis takes advantage of two major building blocks that can be accessed in 8 and 14 steps, respectively. The endgame joins both fragments through a selective aldol reaction and final protecting group manipulations furnish the target molecule.
The Early Psychosis Screener for Internet (EPSI)-SR: Predicting 12 month psychotic conversion using machine learning (2019)

The EPSI identifies, comparably to the SIPS but in less time and with fewer resources, individuals who are either at very high risk to develop a psychotic disorder within 12 months or who are already psychotic. At its default cut-off, EPSI misses 49% of current or future psychotic cases. The cut-off can, however, be adjusted based on purpose. The EPSI is the first validated assessment to predict 12-month psychotic conversion. An online screening system, www.eps.telesage.org, is under development.
Noble society at the centre (1987)

Only in very few cases did the fiefs held by Ferrarese nobles of the Este form a major part of noble patrimonies. The pattern of noble landowning was extremely varied and Este fiefs were only one part of a complex structure of landownership. As we have seen, the chief churches of the city held extensive possessions in the contado which were in large part distributed among the nobility and citizens, to say nothing of the property of lesser monasteries and churches, which often fell into the control of important local families. The Este patrimony itself, as we have seen, was largely made up of church land. It is the purpose of this chapter to investigate the relationship between Este grants and families' other sources of wealth and social prestige.
All-optical beam scanning using an array of uncoupled nonlinear waveguides (1991)

The authors show that all-optical beam steering is possible by employing an array of uncoupled nonlinear waveguides. This can be achieved by varying the input power into successive waveguides in a linearly ascending or descending fashion. Examples are given which show that deflection angles up to approximately 1 degrees can be achieved at relatively low power levels, when such an array is implemented on a multiquantum well sample.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multilateral trade liberalization and poverty in Brazil and Chile (2003)

Résumé Cet article analyse les répercussions de la libéralisation commerciale multilatérale sur les ménages pauvres pour le Brésil et le Chili, en combinant les résultats d’une étude originale de la consommation en coupe internationale avec des données de revenus disponibles issues d’enquêtes auprès des ménages. L’étude met l’accent sur le court terme, où le capital et le travail indépendant sont considérés comme immobiles entre secteurs, avec l’emploi salarié comme seul facteur de production mobile. Le résultat montre que la pauvreté recule au Brésil comme au Chili. Toutefois, alors que les populations spécialisées dans l’agriculture connaissent dans les deux pays une nette réduction de la pauvreté, les ménages de travailleurs indépendants non agricole et de salariés subissent un accroissement de la pauvreté. Classification JEL : F02 ; F11 ; F13.
Electrophilic Nitro‐Fatty Acids Exert Cardioprotection against Hypertrophic Remodeling and Fibrosis in Pressure Overloaded Mice (2015)

Electrophilic nitro‐fatty acids, the nitration products of unsaturated fatty acids are generated in cardiomyocytes after ischemia/reperfusion injury and protects against myocardial infarction. Herein, we determine whether nitro‐oleic acid (OA‐NO 2 ) is equally cardioprotective in hypertrophic remodeling. Cardiac hypertrophy were established in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Mice received either OA‐NO 2 , or OA as non‐nitrated fatty acid control. OA‐NO 2 delivery reduces hypertrophic remodeling and significantly reduces cardiac fibrosis compared to OA. Overall cardiac function, e.g. ejection fraction, is significantly improved by OA‐NO 2 . Electrophilic signiling through Nrf2 is a plausible mechanism of cardioprotection by nitroalkenes. However, in Nrf2 knockout mice, which develop exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy after TAC, OA‐NO 2 delivery persistently confer cardioprotection indicating an alternative pathway for the improved cardiac function mediated by OA‐NO 2 . Rather, OA‐NO 2 primarily targets cardiac fibrosis and extracellular matrix gene expression profiles. Thus, protection against cardiac hypertrophic by nitro‐fatty acids via improving cardiac fibrosis supports further promise on nitro‐fatty acids derivatives as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. Supported by the NIH (R01‐HL68878, R01‐HL058115, R01‐AT006822A), and the American Heart Association (10SDG4150085).
MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates presynaptic release and axon branching by limiting axonal mitochondria size (2018)

Neurons display extreme degrees of polarization, including compartment-specific organelle morphology. In cortical, long-range projecting, pyramidal neurons (PNs), dendritic mitochondria are long and tubular whereas axonal mitochondria display uniformly short length. Here we explored the functional significance of maintaining small mitochondria for axonal development in vitro and in vivo. We report that the Drp1 'receptor' Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is required for determining the size of mitochondria entering the axon and then for maintenance of their size along the distal portions of the axon without affecting their trafficking properties, presynaptic capture, membrane potential or ability to generate ATP. Strikingly, this increase in presynaptic mitochondrial size upon MFF downregulation augments their capacity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>m</sub>) uptake during neurotransmission, leading to reduced presynaptic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>c</sub> accumulation, decreased presynaptic release and terminal axon branching. Our results uncover a novel mechanism controlling neurotransmitter release and axon branching through fission-dependent regulation of presynaptic mitochondrial size.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects in a Xilinx FPGA (1999)

We have measured the effects of total ionizing dose on three Xilinx XC4036XL FPGAs. The FPGAs were irradiated at a dose rate of 0.5 krad/hr. An average total dose of (41+-1) krad(Si) was absorbed before the power supply current began to increase and (60+-4) krad(Si) was absorbed before the first error occured.
Role of ligand specific integrins in endothelial cell alignment and elongation induced by cyclic strain (2007)

The mechanisms by which vascular endothelial cells (EC) sense and respond to biochemical stimuli remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of specific integrin in the morphological change induced by cyclic strain (CS) via the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway. EC were cultured on collagen‐I (a ligand for α2β1) coated flexible plates and exposed to average of 15.6% CS at a frequency of 60 cycles/min in presence or absence of anti‐α2 integrin antibody (anti‐α2) or anti‐α5 integrin antibody (anti‐α5) or anti‐β1 integrin antibody (anti‐β1) or anti‐β4 integrin antibody (anti‐β4). The mean orientation angle of EC subjected to CS with anti‐α2, anti‐β1 and without anti‐integrin antibody were 45°, 52° and 21°, respectively. The mean cell shape index [defined as (4π × cell area)/(cell perimeter) 2 ] of EC subjected to CS with anti‐α2, anti‐β1 and without anti‐integrin antibody were 0.63,0.72 and 0.25, respectively. Peak phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was 3.4 fold at 60min compared with static control. In contrast, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was inhibited by anti‐α2 or anti‐β1 during the time course of experiment. Anti‐α5 and anti‐β4 did not abolish EC elongation and alignment, these antibodies had no effect on the activation of p38 MAPK. Our results indicate that ligand specific integrins play a crucial role in the morphological change via p38 MAPK pathway induced by CS.
What makes for inspirational examples in design? The effects of example modality, distance, and familiarity. - eScholarship (2010)

What makes for inspirational examples in design? The effects of example modality, distance, and familiarity. Joel Chan University of Pittsburgh Katherine Fu Carnegie-Mellon University Christian Schunn University of Pittsburgh Kristin Wood University of Texas-Austin Jonathan Cagan Carnegie-Mellon University Kenneth Kotovsky Carnegie-Mellon University Abstract: An important question in the cognitive science of design concerns the influence of environmental input on ideation processes. Prior work has demonstrated that analogizing over examples in the environment is a double- edged sword: examples can help designers come up with innovative designs, but variations in key properties can result in negative design outcomes (e.g., fixation). We investigated the influence of variations in presentation modality, analogical distance, and familiarity of provided design examples on ideation processes. Engineering students generated solution concepts for an engineering design problem with or without provided design examples (analogy groups vs. control group). Examples in the analogy groups were fully crossed by modality (pictures vs. text), distance (near vs. far), and familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar). Results indicate that designers’ familiarity with examples influence whether they suppress or promote innovation, regardless of modality or analogical distance.
Atomic Oxygen and Space Environment Effects on Aerospace Materials Flown with EOIM-3 Experiment (1996)

Polymer materials samples mounted on a passive carrier tray were flown aboard the STS-46 Atlantis shuttle as complement to the EOIM-3 (Evaluation of Oxygen Interaction with Materials) experiment to evaluate the effects of atomic oxygen on the materials and to measure the gaseous shuttle bay environment. The morphological changes of the samples produced by the atomic oxygen fluence of 2.07 x 10(exp 20) atoms/cm(exp 2) are being reported. The changes have been verified using Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), gravimetric measurement, microscopic observations and thermo-optical measurements. The samples, including Kapton, Delrin, epoxies, Beta Cloth, Chemglaze Z306, silver Teflon, silicone coatings, 3M tape and Uralane and Ultem, PEEK, Victrex (PES), Polyethersulfone and Polymethylpentene thermoplastic, have been characterized by their oxygen reaction efficiency on the basis of their erosion losses and the oxygen fluence. Those efficiencies have been compared to results from other experiments, when available. The efficiencies of the samples are all in the range of E-24 g/atom. The results indicate that the reaction efficiencies of the reported materials can be grouped in about three ranges of values. The least affected materials which have efficiencies varying from 1 to 10(exp 25) g/atom, include silicones, epoxies, Uralane and Teflon. A second group with efficiency from 10 to 45(exp 25) g/atom includes additional silicone coatings, the Chemglaze Z306 paint and Kapton. The third range from 50 to 75(exp 25) includes organic compound such as Pentene, Peek, Ultem, Sulfone and a 3M tape. A Delrin sample had the highest reaction efficiency of 179(exp 25) g/atom. Two samples, the aluminum Beta cloth X389-7 and the epoxy fiberglass G-11 nonflame retardant, showed a slight mass increase.
Hydrogen Bonding Ring Containing Polymers: Poly(enamine—Ketones) (1982)

Monomeric and polymeric enamine-ketones were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 1,3-diketones with amines. These compounds exhibit liquid crystalline properties when heated to appropriate temperatures. The transition temperatures of these compounds are much lower than those of the aromatic hydrocarbon analogs. High solubilities in organic solvents of these compounds together with the low transition temperatures suggest possible processability for the poly(enamine-ketones) as high strength materials.
Begegnung Appenzell Ausserrhoden und Vorarlberg : Beiträge zu Geschichte, Kunstgeschichte und Literatur (1992)

Die Begegnung, die Partnerschaft des Kantons Appenzell Außerrhoden mit dem österreichischen Bundesland Vorarlberg aus Anlaß der 700-Jahr-Feier der Eidgenossenschaft war nicht einfach eine glänzende Idee, hat nicht einfach zahlreiche interessante, ja faszinierende und auch ganz gemütliche Anlässe hervorgebracht. Nein, das Zusammengehen Außerrhodens mit Vorarlberg ging tiefer, wollte tiefer gehen. Die Organisatoren wollten die Besinnung auf die politischen, wirtschaftlichen Bindungen im Bodenseeraum und insbesondere auf die historischen Verflechtungen zwischen dem Appenzellerland und Vorarlberg hinweisen. Sie wollten einen Blick über die Grenze tun und ein Stück gewesenes, neu zu belebendes »Klein-Europa« in Erinnerung rufen.
Automated segmentation of neural recordings for optimal on-line recognition of neural waveforms (1992)

We present an iterative algorithm for separating the segments containing exclusively neural noise in extracellular recordings without prior knowledge of neural spike locations or waveforms. This allows on-line design of a whitening filter and on-line determination of thresholds for detection and classification of neural spikes without human supervision. This algorithm can also be used as a first data reduction phase for the detection task.
Fast algorithms for improved speech coding and recognition (1983)

Abstract : This research effort has studied estimation techniques for processes that contain Gaussian noise and jump components, and classification methods for transitional signals by using recursive estimation with vector quantization. The major accomplishments presented are an algorithm for joint estimation of excitation and vocal tract response, a pitch pulse location method using recursive least squares estimation, and a stop consonant recognition method using recursive estimation and vector quantization.
Chronic furosemide administration blunts renal BOLD magnetic resonance response to an acute furosemide stimulus in patients being evaluated for renal artery revascularization (2013)

Background Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) is a novel imaging tool that is able to detect tissue oxygenation and has recently been utilized to evaluate renal function in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS). Renal BOLD imaging is typically performed before and after a furosemide stimulus to assess kidney viability. Furosemide blocks the sodium-potassium2chloride transporter, an oxygen-dependent process, in the ascending loop of Henle located in the renal medulla. Presumably, kidneys that are able to decrease oxygen consumption and increase BOLD (T2*) signal in response to furosemide would be viable and benefit from revascularization procedures. A standard dose of 20mg of intravenous (IV) furosemide is administered to evaluate renal responsiveness (increased T2* signal intensity) and viability. However, little is known about the effect of prior exposure to furosemide on the ability of BOLD MR techniques to evaluate renal function.
Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Prevents the Development of Sensitivity to Kainate Neurotoxicity in Cerebellar Granule Cells (2000)

This study reports that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) prevents cerebellar granule cells from developing sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity. Sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity normally develops 5-6 days after switching cultures to a serum-free medium containing 25 mM K(+). Addition of either IGF-I or insulin to the serum-free medium at the time of the switch prevented the development of sensitivity to kainate, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4, and nerve growth factor did not. The dose-response curves indicated IGF-I was more potent than insulin, favoring the assignment of the former as the physiological protective agent. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) inhibitors wortmannin (10-100 nM) and LY 294002 (0.3-1 microM) abolished the protection afforded by IGF-I. The p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) inhibitor rapamycin (5-50 nM:) also abolished the protection afforded by IGF-I. The activities of both enzymes decreased in cultures switched to serum-free medium but increased when IGF-I was included; wortmannin (100 nM) lowered the activity of PI 3-K from 2 to 5 days after medium switch, whereas rapamycin (50 nM) prevented the increase observed for p70(S6k) activity over the same interval. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U 0126 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB 203580 did not abolish IGF-I protection. Kainate neurotoxicity was not prevented by Joro spider toxin; therefore, the development of kainate neurotoxicity could not be explained by the formation of calcium-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors. These results indicate that IGF-I functions through a signal transduction pathway involving PI 3-K and p70(S6k) to prevent the development of sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cells.