gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent memories and the silicon chip (1980)

Falling chip costs do not only mean more of the same when it comes to storing information in computers. Here it is argued that the silicon chip can bring computer memories a step closer to those of humans
Watts-inside: A hardware-software cooperative approach for Multicore Power Debugging (2013)

Multicore computing presents unique challenges for performance and power optimizations due to the multiplicity of cores and the complexity of interactions between the hardware resources. Understanding multicore power and its implications on application behavior is critical to the future of multicore software development. In this paper, we propose Watts-inside, a hardware-software cooperative framework that relies on the efficiency of hardware support to accurately gather application power profiles, and utilizes software support and causation principles for a more comprehensive understanding of application power. We show the design of our framework, along with certain optimizations that increase the ease of implementation. We present a case study using two real applications, Ocean (Splash-2) and Streamcluster (Parsec-1.0) where, with the help of feedback from Watts-inside framework, we made simple code modifications and realized up to 5% power savings on chip power consumption.
WSN08-5: On the Relation Between Capacity and Number of Sinks in an Sensor Network (2006)

Surveillance data generated by the nodes of a wireless ad-hoc (multihop) sensor network is aggregated at local sinks and forwarded to a central node. The number of sensor nodes that the sinks can support determines a "capacity" of the network. The number of surveillance data flows (each emanating from a sensor node) that a node can relay is limited by a variety of factors such as channel conditions (including interference, attenuation, fading and ambient noise) and internal hardware and energy resources of the node. Assuming that the one-hop neighbors of a sink form the most significant communication relaying bottleneck, we analytically determine the fraction of sensor nodes that are unable to connect to their sink, i.e., the outage probability. This expression is numerically evaluated and its accuracy is assessed and reported in a preliminary simulation study.
Improvement of a standard Doppler dealiasing technique for weather radars operating in heavy clutter environment (2002)

Techniques devised to correct aliased Doppler velocity PPI maps obtained from meteorological radars seem to have not accounted for the possible presence of extended areas of ground clutter and/or practical absence of signal due to beam screening. This is a severe limit for radars operating in hilly terrain. Dealiasing methods are necessarily based on hypotheses of continuity of the radial velocity field, which are quite hard to exploit when such a field is corrupted by ground clutter, or even void of data over relatively waste areas. The authors discuss this topic, first showing some drawbacks that a classical dealiasing technique undergoes when utilized in such a context. Data utilized are those gathered by a dual polarization Doppler weather radar sited in Tuscany, in a quite orographically complex environment. After that, they describe a modified algorithm that overcomes the limitations of the original technique, and show that the proposed modifications are useful to make the algorithm work correctly even under severe clutter/beam screening conditions.
Oesophageal function assessed by high‐resolution manometry in patients with diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control (2014)

Patients with gastroparesis might present with impaired inhibition of contractile activity during multiple swallows of water. Increased intrabolus pressure is suggestive of delayed oesophageal clearance as a consequence of gastroparesis.
Interferons alpha and beta down-regulate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in human carcinomas. (1995)

We investigated the influence of interferons alpha, beta, and gamma (IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma) on the production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by human renal carcinoma cells. The human renal carcinoma cell metastatic line SN12PM6 was established in culture from a lung metastasis and SN12PM6-resistant cells were selected in vitro for resistance to the antiproliferative effects of IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, but not IFN-gamma, down-regulated the expression of bFGF at the mRNA and protein levels by a mechanism independent of their antiproliferative effects. Down-regulation of bFGF required a long exposure (> 4 days) of cells to low concentrations (> 10 units/ml) of IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. The withdrawal of IFN-alpha or IFN-beta from the medium permitted SN12PM6-resistant cells to resume production of bFGF. The incubation of human bladder, prostate, colon, and breast carcinoma cells with noncytostatic concentrations of IFN-alpha or IFN-beta also produced down-regulation of bFGF production.
Novel Enzymatic Synthesis of 4-<i>O</i>-Cinnamoyl Quinic and Shikimic Acid Derivatives (2003)

The first direct synthesis of 4-O-cinnamoyl derivatives of quinic and shikimic acids were accomplished by regioselective esterification with Candida antarctica lipase A. For hydrocinnamic esters, enzymatic transesterification with vinyl esters gave excellent yields. However, more reactive acylating agents such as anhydrides were used to synthesize cinnamic derivatives of both acids. An inhibitory effect was observed with this lipase for p-methoxy, p-hydroxy, and p-acetoxy vinyl ester and anhydride derivatives (coumarate and ferulate derivatives).
A reductase-mimicking thiourea organocatalyst incorporating a covalently bound NADH analogue: efficient 1,2-diketone reduction with in situ prosthetic group generation and recycling (2007)

A new class of bifunctional organocatalyst promotes the chemoselective reduction of diketone electrophiles at catalytic loadings in the presence of an inorganic co-reductant.
Eine neue Methode zur Darstellung von Acetobromzuckern (1958)

Abstract Acetylierte Zuckermercaptale ergeben mit 1 Mol. Brom in wasserfreiem Medium Halbmercaptalbromide, aus denen weitere Derivate von Mercaptalen und Acetalen gewonnen werden können. Die Umsetzung acetylierter Thioglykoside mit 1 Mol. Brom unter Ausschluß von Wasser führt unter Waldenscher Umkehrung zu Acetobromzuckern. Es wird die erstmalig gelungene Synthese der β‐Acetobromglucose beschrieben.
Regulation of Net Hepatic Glucose Uptake In Vivo (1992)

Increases in the glucose level in the absence of the portal signal or changes in insulin elicits little if any glucose uptake by the liver. NHGU is augmented by a rise in insulin (or drop in glucagon) and is further stimulated by the presence of a portal signal. Under postprandial conditions, NHGU will depend on the dynamic interaction between the pancreatic hormones, glucose and the portal signal. Moreover, in a simulated postprandial environment, the quantitative impact of the portal signal is at least as important as that of insulin. The presence of the portal signal should be of physiologic benefit because it will allow adequate net removal of glucose by the liver without requiring excessive excursions of insulin and glucose. The metabolic fate of ingested glucose within the liver is still controversial. It appears that the liver will remove 30-40% of the glucose that enters the portal vein following an oral glucose load and will replete its glycogen stores by both direct and indirect pathways. Whether the three-carbon precursors utilized by the indirect route are of hepatic or peripheral origin remains a matter of debate. Studies are under way to elucidate whether the hepatic response to the portal signal involves the autonomic nervous system, the nature of the interaction of the portal signal and insulin, and the metabolic fate of glucose removed by the liver in response to this signal.
Shear Horizontal Wave Propagation Speed in Mylar Sheet and Coated Paper (2006)

Soft plate‐like membranes find application e.g. as pill or paper coatings, bio‐filter membranes, and gas seals in food products. For these applications the integrity and the mechanical properties of the membrane are important. Mechanical properties of these products can be determined by stretching or bending tests, but such methods can damage these fragile products. We propose a rapid nondestructive acoustic method to estimate mechanical film characteristics with shear horizontal (in‐plane shear) waves. A 23 kHz, 1‐cycle square signal was excited into a thin foil with a piezoceramic pickup and received with an inductive pickup. The SNR (power) was 20 dB in 1 kHz –50 kHz bandwidth. This actuation‐detection scheme can be used to excite in‐plane longitudinal, shear and even elliptic waves in a thin foil. The method was validated by measuring in‐plane shear wave and longitudinal wave time‐of‐flight TOF at different actuator‐receiver separations and calculating the corresponding longitudinal and shear modulus. The samples were Mylar® sheet and coated paper. The anisotropy of MOE for Mylar sheet was close to the manufacturer specifications. For coated paper a maximum shear modulus anisotropy of 5% and a shear modulus dependence on temperature of 0.7 MPa/°C were found. Laser doppler vibrometry showed that the excited waves were confined in‐plane.
A resonant gate silicon bandpass transistor (1965)

The use of a suspended clamped-free cantilever beam as the gate electrode for an MOS-type silicon transistor results in a minute, very high Q bandpass filter for integrated circuits. The center frequency of this filter is equal to the mechanical resonant frequency of the cantilever beam electrode. In operation, the metal cantilever is electrically polarized. Input signals are applied between the cantilever and an additional insulated input gate located underneath a portion of the cantilever away from the source-drain regions of the transistor. Electrostatic forces, exerted on the cantilever by the input signal, cause a relatively large cantilever motion perpendicular to the silicon surface at mechanical resonance, with subsequent field-effect modulation of the channel conductance and a corresponding A.C. output voltage. Input frequencies off resonance are rejected.
The presence of anti-neutrophil antibodies reflects clinical and genetic heterogeneity within inflammatory bowel disease (2007)

A detailed investigation of the relationship between anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) status, HLA genotype, and clinical patterns of inflammatory bowel disease was carried out, involving 236 European patients resident in the United Kingdom [120 had ulcerative colitis (UC), 116 had Crohn's disease (CD)]. ANCA status was determined on coded plasma samples in Los Angeles using a two-stage assay [fixed neutrophil enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence], and HLA genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. The results provide evidence that ANCA reflect clinical and genetic heterogeneity within the inflammatory bowel diseases. In the UC patients, 78.3% were ANCA positive [64.2 perinuclear (pANCA)], but only 46.5% CD patients were ANCA positive (19.3% p-ANCA). Furthermore, mean ELISA binding was significantly lower in CD (14.5% ± 18.8% versus 40.5% ± 41.0% in UC, p = 2.31 × 10−9). Only 15 CD samples, all from patients with colonic disease, displayed ELISA >20%; and the six CD patients with highest ELISA binding had clinical features very similar to ulcerative colitis. Moreover, in UC, significant relationships between ANCA status and genotype were noted. Thus, 92.7% of patients with the DR3 DQ2 TNF2 haplotype were ANCA positive [p = 0.03 versus DR3 DQ2 TNF2-negative patients (73.9%)]. ELISA binding was increased in DR3 DQ2 TNF2-positive patients (56.0 versus 35.7%, p = 0.02). In this population of UC, ANCA was not associated with DR2, DR4, or clinical pattern. These data emphasize the many factors that need to be considered in genetic marker studies in inflammatory bowel disease. Extensive disease heterogeneity, ethnicity, and methodological differences in ANCA detection are all pertinent.
Improving AWE accuracy using multipoint Pade approximation (1994)

A new method is proposed for dominant pole-zero analysis of large linear circuits containing both lumped and distributed elements. This method is based on a multipoint Pade approximation. It finds a reduced order s-domain transfer function using a data set obtained by solving the circuit at only a few frequency points. The proposed method yields more accurate computation of transient and frequency responses with respect to the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) type techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance characterization of mid-infrared difference-frequency-generation in orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (2018)

We present a detailed characterization of the optical properties of the recently developed nonlinear material, orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP), by performing difference-frequency-generation experiments in the 2548-2782 nm wavelength range in the mid-infrared (mid-IR). Temperature and spectral acceptance bandwidth measurements have been performed to study the phase-matching characteristics of OP-GaP, and the dependence of nonlinear gain on the polarization of input incident fields has been investigated. The transmission of the OP-GaP crystal at the pump and signal wavelengths has been studied and found to be dependent on polarization as well as temperature. Further, we have observed a polarization-dependent spatial shift in the transmitted pump beam through the OP-GaP sample. We have also measured the damage threshold of the OP-GaP crystal to be 0.84 J/cm2 at 1064 nm.
[Experimental chemotherapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin in rats]. (1992)

Animal models are useful in the evaluation of adjuvant or palliative treatment modalities of human colonic adenocarcinoma. In the present paper, the efficacy of 22 usual chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated in a model of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colonic origin in the BD IX rat. Mitomycin, cisplatine, carboplatine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and thiotepa were very effective agents on microscopic carcinomatosis (treatment given 3 days after an intraperitoneal inoculation of 1 x 10(6) DHD/K12/PROb cells). Intravenous administration was as effective as the intraperitoneal route, except for anthracyclines and 5-fluorouracil. Rats treated at early stages by thiotepa or cisplatin survived up to 4 months after cell injection and did not display tumor at autopsy. Administered late (15 days after cell injection), none of the drugs were able to cure the rats with carcinomatosis.
Efficient Lossless to Lossy Transcoding of JPEG 2000 Codestreams for D-Cinema (2009)

This paper presents a method of lossless to lossy transcoding of images that takes advantage of bitplane coding in JPEG 2000. Decoding JPEG 2000 lossless codestreams and subsequently re-encoding them into JPEG 2000 lossy streams consumes lots of computational time. To reduce this time, partial decoding of the lossless codestream is proposed. In addition, by employing a unique rate control, the image quality degradation usually associated with partial decoding is reduced. Experimental results show dramatically reduced computational complexity while the subjective image quality closely approximates that of full lossless decoding.
A low-complexity RNS multiplier (2002)

Novel VLSI architectures and a design methodology for adder-based residue number system (RNS) multipliers are presented. In the proposed approach, the exploitation of the non-occurring combinations of input bits reduces the number of 1-bit full adders (FAs) required to compose a multiplier. In particular couples and triplets of input bits assigned to particular FAs are identified, which contain bits that cannot be simultaneously asserted for any valid input combination. It is shown that the particular couples or triplets can be assigned to OR gates instead of 1-bit adders, therefore reducing multiplier complexity. By comparing the performance and hardware complexity of the proposed multiplier to previously reported designs, it is found that the introduced architecture is more efficient in the area/spl times/time product sense. In fact, it is shown that more than 80% performance improvement can be achieved in certain cases.
The genetic basis of colorectal cancer in a population-based incident cohort with a high rate of familial disease (2010)

Founder mutations accounted for only 2.1% of cases and this was insufficient to explain the high rate of familial CRC. Many of the families classified as FCCTX may have highly penetrant mutations segregating in a Mendelian-like manner. These families will be important for identifying additional CRC susceptibility loci.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Controlled cis‐Selective Acylation of 2‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)cyclopentylzinc Iodides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tenofovir DF bei chronischer Hepatitis B (CHB) in der klinischen Praxis – Ergebnisse der Nicht-Interventionellen Multizenterstudie (NIS) „GEMINIS“ (2012)

Einleitung: Tenofovir (TDF) stellt eine effektive und sehr gut verträgliche Behandlungsoption bei CHB dar, belegt aus Zulassungsstudiendaten über 5 Jahre. Das Wissen um die Langzeitwirksamkeit und -sicherheit im klinischen Alltag ist jedoch begrenzt.
Plasma membrane potential in thymocyte apoptosis. (1999)

Apoptosis is accompanied by major changes in ion compartmentalization and transmembrane potentials. Thymocyte apoptosis is characterized by an early dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, with transient mitochondrial swelling and a subsequent loss of plasma membrane potential (DeltaP sip) related to the loss of cytosolic K+, cellular shrinkage, and DNA fragmentation. Thus, a gross perturbation of DeltaPsip occurs at the postmitochondrial stage of apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that blockade of plasma membrane K+ channels by tetrapentylammonium (TPA), which leads to a DeltaP sip collapse, can prevent the thymocyte apoptosis induced by exposure to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone, the topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide, gamma-irradiation, or ceramide. The TPA-mediated protective effect extends to all features of apoptosis, including dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, loss of cytosolic K+, phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface, chromatin condensation, as well as caspase and endonuclease activation. In strict contrast, TPA is an ineffective inhibitor when cell death is induced by the potassium ionophore valinomycin, the specific mitochondrial benzodiazepine ligand PK11195, or by primary caspase activation by Fas/CD95 cross-linking. These results underline the importance of K+ channels for the regulation of some but not all pathways leading to thymocyte apoptosis.
Epigenetic inactivation of the RAS-effector gene RASSF2 in lung cancers (2007)

RASSF2, a member of the RAS association domain family 1 (RASSF1), is a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that is silenced by promoter hypermethylation in several human cancers. In this study, we examined the expression of RASSF2 mRNA and the promoter methylation status in lung cancer cell lines and in tumor samples of 106 primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) by methylation-specific PCR. RASSF2 expression was absent in 26% of small cell lung cancers (SCLCs; n=27 lines) and 50% of NSCLCs (n=42 lines). Promoter methylation of RASSF2 was found in 18% of the SCLC cell lines (n=22) and 62% of the NSCLC cell lines (n=26), and the methylation status was tightly associated with the loss of RASSF2 expression. RASSF2 expression was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin-A in the NSCLC cell lines which were absent of the expression. RASSF2 methylation was found in 31% of primary NSCLC tumors, and methylation was more frequent in the specimens from non-smokers (18 of 40, 45%) than in the specimens from smokers (15 of 66, 23%, P=0.014). We also examined the association of RASSF2 methylation with mutations of KRAS and EGFR and with promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A; however, we could not find a significant association between RASSF2 methylation and these genetic and epigenetic changes. Our results indicate that aberrant methylation of the RASSF2 gene with the subsequent loss of RASSF2 expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancers.
Quality of life in women with urinary incontinence is impaired and comparable to women with chronic diseases. (2012)

Women with urinary incontinence had impaired quality of life and it was comparable to other chronic medical diseases. Women with detrusor overactivity have more impaired quality of life than women with urodynamic stress incontinence. Severity of urodynamic stress incontinence did not correlate with quality of life. Women who opted for continence surgery had poorer quality of life.
A VP-accordant checkpointing protocol preventing useless checkpoints (2002)

A useless checkpoint corresponds to the occurrence of a checkpoint and communication pattern called Z-cycle. A recent result shows that ensuring a computation without Z-cycles is a particular application of a property, namely Virtual Precedence (VP), defined on an interval-based abstraction of a computation. We first propose a taxonomy of communication-induced checkpointing protocols based on the way they ensure the VP property. Then we derive a sufficient condition ensuring no Z-cycles in a distributed computation. This condition defines a checkpoint and communication pattern, namely suspect Z-cycle, such that if no suspect Z-cycle exists in a distributed computation then no Z-cycle exists. We present finally a communication-induced checkpointing protocol that avoids useless checkpoints by preventing on-the-fly the formation of suspect Z-cycles and discuss its performance with respect to other protocols.
The Jointing of Materials by Welding (1936)

This is a subject which during recent years has aroused considerable interest in all industries and particularly in the aircraft industry and a large amount of investigation work has been carried out. In some industries, both light and heavy, the growth of welding as a “ production tool ” has been phenomenal, and the same growth is at the present time occurring in the structural steel work and shipbuilding industries. If one views this change which is taking place it will be observed that the change is entirely at the expense of riveting and bolting, and before proceeding I will roughly summarise the general disadvantages of these two processes.
Ge photodetectors integrated in CMOS photonic circuits (2008)

We describe our approach to the monolithic integration of Ge photodetectors in a photonics-enabled CMOS technology. Ge waveguide photodetectors allow fast and efficient conversion of optical signals in the near infrared (1.55μm) to the electrical domain thus enabling the fabrication of compact, high speed (10Gbps) receivers.