gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vine-Decline of Melons Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus in Arizona: Epidemiology and Cultivar Susceptibility (1995)

A destructive disorder of muskmelons, characterized by the sudden (commonly within two weeks of harvest) and generally uniform collapse of entire fields has plagued the industry for over 40 years. Common names of the disorder include collapse, vine decline, quick decline, and sudden wilt. The disorder is particularly severe in the warmer climatic production regions of the United States (Arizona, California, and Texas). Grower concerns regarding this disorder increased dramatically since 1985. Multiple as well as consecutive cropping of fields to melons have been associated with the increase in the prevalence and severity of the disorder. In Arizona, foliar symptoms associated with this disorder are a general yellowing/browning of the oldest crown leaves which progress outward toward the tips of individual vines. Occasionally, wilting of individual vines occurs. Structural roots of affected plants, particularly those exhibiting early foliar symptoms, appear healthy and no root rot or internal discoloration of the vascular system is usually evident at this time. In the United States, the cause of the disorder was not identified until recently. In 1990 researchers in Texas (May, Mertely et al, Plant Disease 75:1133 -1137) and Arizona (September, Stanghellini and Rasmussen, unpublished), independently, discovered and attributed the cause of the disorder to a root -infecting fungus known as Monosporascus cannonballus. This fungus was first discovered in Arizona by Troutman and Matejka (Phytopathology 60:1317) on decayed roots of cantaloupe in 1970 and the fungus was named in 1974 (Pollack and Uecker, Mycologia 66:346 -349). A review of the literature, subsequent to identification of the pathogen, indicated that the fungus had been associated with a collapse of melons in Japan (Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 20:312 -316) in 1979 and Spain (Bol. San. Veg. Plagas 17:133 -163 ) in 1991. A similar disease of muskmelon and watermelon, attributed to a different species of the fungus (M. eutypoides) was reported in Israel (Phytopathology 73:1223 -1226)
ChemInform Abstract: TRIACETIC ACID LACTONE AND 2,6‐DIMETHYL‐Γ‐PYRONE AS POLYKETIDE SYNTHONS: SYNTHESES OF TORACHRYSONE AND ELEUTHERINOL DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Das Carbanion (I) reagiert mit dem Pyron (II) zum ungesättigten Ketoester (III), der mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid zum Naphthalin (IVa) cyclisiert wird.
Application of Near-Optimal Tower Control and Free Cooling on the Condenser Water Side for Optimization of Central Cooling Systems (2014)

This paper presents an application of tower fan control for optimization of the performance of chiller plants combined with free cooling on the condenser water side. Mathematical models including all the main components of an existing cooling plant were developed and implemented in MATLAB. Simulation results include a mapping of the performance of the plant working in free cooling mode which was used to select control parameters for free cooling operation. Then a mapping of the plant operating with chillers was developed to find the correlation between load and near-optimal air flow, which is the basis of the near-optimal tower control (NOTC) strategy. Finally, simulations were carried out using three consecutive years of historical data to predict the performance of the plant under three different control strategies: 1) tower fan control aiming to keep the temperature of the water supplied to chiller condensers at a constant set point (current control strategy), 2) NOTC and 3) NOTC and free cooling combined. Comparison of the performance of the plant with the baseline (constant condenser water temperature) shows that significant savings can be achieved through the implementation of NOTC along with free cooling. It is expected that the methodology and results of this study provide a useful framework for optimization of cooling plants.
Differences between the fecal microbiota of coeliac infants and healthy controls. (2007)

Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy with a multifactorial aetiology, characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa. Although evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to other chronic inflammatory disorders, its possible role in CD has not been determined. In this study, the composition of the fecal microbiota of coeliac children and age-matched controls was investigated by culture-dependent and -independent methodologies, using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The levels of Bacteroides, Clostridium and Staphylococcus were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fecal samples from coeliac patients than in healthy subjects when analysed by culture methods. The numbers of Bacteroides-Prevotella, Clostridium histolyticum, Eubacterium rectale-C. coccoides, Atopobium, and sulfate reducing bacterial groups were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fecal samples from coeliac infants when analysed by FISH. The counts of Bifidobacterium tended to be higher in healthy controls by the two type of analysis but the differences were not significant. This is the first report on the identification of the specific bacterial groups responsible for alterations in the intestinal microecology of children with active CD. The bacterial pattern detected in coeliac patients, correlates with the epidemiological data and metabolic deviations associated with CD, and involve bacterial groups link to other chronic inflammatory disorders.
Mitral Replacement (1961)

From the Department of Surgery and Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon
Effect of Methyl Farnesoate on Late Larval Development and Metamorphosis in the Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae): A Juvenoid-like Effect? (1998)

Methyl farnesoate (MF), the unepoxidated form of insect juvenile hormone III, was detected in larvae of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which metamorphose to post-larvae following 11 larval stages. The possible role of MF as a morphogen was studied by administering the compound to M. rosenbergii larvae via an Artemia vector. Higher MF levels caused earlier retardation of late larval growth, and the highest dose retarded larval development. Furthermore, MF significantly affected the patterns of metamorphosis and the appearance of intermediate individuals exhibiting both larval and post-larval morphology and behavior. Three intermediate types were defined, two of which were found only at the MF-treated groups and one that was exclusive to the higher dose treatments. The relative abundance of intermediate specimens increased from 2% in the control to 32% in the high MF concentration, which suggests that MF has a juvenoid-like effect in this decapod crustacean.
INSTRUMENTATION OF POWER REACTORS (1958)

By the use of schematic representations, a survey is presented of the measuring, control, and safety instrumentation of a power reactor. The adaptation of the control equipment to reactor dynamics is briefly discussed. (tr-auth)
Influence of Moisture, Heat, and Light Stress on Hydrogen Fluoride Fumigation Injury to Soybeans (1973)

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) plants were exposed to a single fumigation with hydrogen fluoride at concentrations sufficient to cause visible injury within 2 days. They were subjected to soil moisture or osmotic stress prior to, during, or after fumigation. Moisture stress before or during fumigation reduced injury because of stomatal closure and reduced fluoride uptake. Moisture stress after fumigation markedly accentuated the injury resulting from a single fumigation compared to plants kept continually under optimum soil moisture conditions. Full sunlight following the fumigation accentuated injury, while shade reduced it. Higher temperatures following fumigation also increased severity of symptoms.
Modified CCPLL for demodulation of two FM signals with overlapping spectra (1988)

A demodulator of two FM signals with overlapping spectra, which is based on a cross coupled phase locked loop (CCPLL) system, is investigated. It is shown that the application of an additional PLL as an FM demodulator of an input mixture (two FM signals) is advantageous. The new configuration of CCPLL demodulator overcomes the main disadvantage of the known CCPLL based demodulator, i.e. existence of nonstable regions within which a demodulator's output converges to a false state.
Density matrix renormalization group calculations on relative energies of transition metal complexes and clusters (2008)

The accurate first-principles calculation of relative energies of transition metal complexes and clusters is still one of the great challenges for quantum chemistry. Dense lying electronic states and near degeneracies make accurate predictions difficult, and multireference methods with large active spaces are required. Often density functional theory calculations are employed for feasibility reasons, but their actual accuracy for a given system is usually difficult to assess (also because accurate ab initio reference data are lacking). In this work we study the performance of the density matrix renormalization group algorithm for the prediction of relative energies of transition metal complexes and clusters of different spin and molecular structure. In particular, the focus is on the relative energetical order of electronic states of different spin for mononuclear complexes and on the relative energy of different isomers of dinuclear oxo-bridged copper clusters.
Short-term Effects of Pamidronate on Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Osteoporosis—a Placebo-controlled Dose-finding Study (1991)

The bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption that mainly have been used for treatment of hypercalcaemia secondary to malignancy. We have performed a controlled dose-finding study of oral pamidronate that was given to 60 patients with a history of fracture of the distal forearm, an enhanced bone turnover and a lowered bone mineral density. Different doses of pamidronate, 75 mg and 150 mg daily, or placebo were given to parallel groups. Fasting specimens of blood and urine were collected before the treatment period and at regular intervals. Oral pamidronate caused a dose-related reduction on the biochemical markers of bone resorption, i.e. fasting urinary calcium, hydroxyproline, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline that was seen already after the first week. The inhibition was evident during the treatment period and 4 weeks thereafter but not 12 weeks after cessation of therapy. Also the levels of serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, were lowered during treatment with the higher dose.
Functional effect of phosphorylation of the photoreceptor phosphodiesterase inhibitory subunit by protein kinase C (1994)

In rod outer segments the light activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE alpha beta gamma 2) is accomplished by removal of the gamma inhibitory subunit (PDE gamma) from the PDE alpha beta catalytic subunits. A light activation of the inositol signaling pathway also occurs, but there is little information linking these two signal transduction pathways. Here we report that protein kinase C (PKC) purified from bovine rod outer segment phosphorylates the bovine PDE gamma with incorporation of 0.9 +/- 0.1 mol of phosphate/mol of PDE gamma. Phosphorylation of PDE gamma increases its ability to inhibit PDE alpha beta catalytic activity (trypsin-activated PDE, tPDE) with an IC50 for phosphorylated PDE gamma of 26 +/- 4 pM and an IC50 of 60 +/- 5 pM for unphosphorylated PDE gamma. Inhibition of tPDE by PDE gamma is characterized by two values of Kd, Kd1 = 34 pM and Kd2 = 760 pM. Phosphorylation of PDE gamma by PKC eliminates the functional heterogeneity of the PDE gamma population resulting in a single value of Kd = 23 pM. Free PDE gamma (without PDE alpha beta catalytic subunits) is a better substrate for PKC than PDE gamma in a complex with PDE alpha beta. Phosphorylation of free PDE gamma by PKC is characterized by a value of Vmax = 1,550 +/- 148 units/mg (Km = 21.0 +/- 1.9 microM). In contrast, phosphorylation of PDE gamma in PDE alpha beta gamma 2 complex has two values of Vmax, Vmax1 = 0.3 +/- 0.1 units/mg of PDE gamma (Km1 = 0.4 +/- 0.2 microM) and Vmax2 = 0.7 +/- 0.2 units/mg of PDE gamma (Km2 = 4.6 +/- 0.9 microM). ROS PKC phosphorylates Thr35 in PDE gamma. We have previously reported (Morrison, D. F., Rider, M. A., and Takemoto, D. J. (1987) FEBS Lett. 222, 266-270; Lipkin, V. M., Udovichenko, I. P., Bodarenko, V. A., Yurovskaya, A. A., Telnykh, E. V., and Skiba, N. P. (1990) Biomed. Sci. (Lond.) 1, 305-308) that the central fragment of PDE gamma (24-45) is responsible for binding to PDE catalytic subunits. The new data suggests that this region of PDE gamma also includes the site for phosphorylation by PKC and that phosphorylation increases the ability of PDE gamma to inhibit PDE catalytic activity. This altered regulation of visual transduction may play a role in desensitization or light adaptation.
Symmetric hydrogen bonding in dimethylammonium hydrogen diphenyldiphosphonate (2006)

In the title compound, C2H8N+.C12H11O5P2-, pairs of hydrogen diphenyldiphosphonate anions form dimers across a twofold axis, with two symmetric O...H...O hydrogen bonds [O...O = 2.406 (3) and 2.418 (3) A]. The 12-membered ring thus formed has crystallographic 2 and quasi-222 symmetry. Cations on either side of the ring form N-H...O hydrogen bonds to the four extraannular O atoms, with N...O distances of 2.765 (2) and 2.748 (3) A.
Apoptotic regression of prostatic tissue induced by short-term doxazosin treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia. (2001)

These data suggest apoptosis as the possible underlying molecular mechanism partly responsible for the clinical efficacy and morphological changes induced by doxazosin treatment in BPH.
First Synthetic Access to 6-(Methylene)oxapenems: A New Class of β-Lactamase Inhibitors (1992)

The first synthetic route to racemic 6-(substituted methylene)oxapenems, an interesting new class of ß-lactamase inhibitors, is described. In spite of their low hydrolytic stability, even the unprotected acids 9 and 10 can be isolated as their sodium salts. The 6-(unsubstituted methylene)oxapenem 7e, however, is unstable and decomposes under the conditions of its formation.
Utilisation du Krigeage pour le calcul des taux de non conformité d'un système mécanique (2013)

Un procédé de fabrication ne permet pas de garantir la répétabilité parfaite de la géométrie des pièces, ce qui peut causer une dégradation des caractéristiques fonctionnelles du mécanisme. L'analyse des tolérances consiste à analyser l'impact de ces variations sur le comportement du produit. Un des enjeux de ce domaine est de prédire le niveau de qualité du produit lors de sa conception. La technique consiste à calculer le taux de non conformité fonctionnelle TNCf du mécanisme dans une production de masse, exprimée en pièces par million (ppm). La méthode de résolution actuelle est basée sur la simulation de Monte-Carlo qui est très coûteuse en temps de calcul, en particulier pour des systèmes complexes. Une méthode existante est adaptée pour l'analyse des tolérances, il s'agit la méthode AK-MCS [Echard, B., N. Gayton, & M. Lemaire (2011)], qui combine le krigeage et la simulation de Monte-Carlo. Le krigeage est une technique d'interpolation prenant en compte les dépendances spatiales des données via une fonction d'auto-corrélation. Le but de la méthode AK-MCS est de modéliser la fonction de performance du système, impliquant la caractéristique fonctionnelle du mécanisme, par un modèle de krigeage. Ce modèle permet de réduire considérablement le nombre d'appels à la fonction réponse du système. Le taux de non conformité du système est donc estimée avec peu de points par rapport au besoin de la simulation de Monte-Carlo. Les mécanismes étant la plupart du temps hyperstatiques, une méthode de fiabilité système doit être appliquée pour calculer le taux de non conformité [Beaucaire, P., N. Gayton, E. Duc, & J.-Y. Dantan (2012)]. En effet, le mécanisme peut avoir plusieurs configurations de point de contact et chacune est responsable d'une partie du taux de non conformité. C'est pourquoi la méthode AK-MCS est appliquée de façon système. Cette méthode est testée sur un exemple en 2 dimensions adapté d'un mécanisme hyperstatique industriel.
AAV mediated delivery of IL-4 prevents collagen-induced arthritis (2001)

There is increasing interest in adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for a wide variety of gene therapy applications. AAV is a nonpathogenic human parvovirus that can mediate long-term transduction of a number of cell types without provoking a significant immune response. These properties make AAV especially attractive for use in gene therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease. To investigate the potential of AAV in gene therapy of arthritis, the ability of AAV to infect synovium in vitro and in vivo was tested. Three human RA synovial fibroblast cell lines and two murine (one DBA/1J and one DBA1JC3H F1) synovial fibroblast cell lines were used to test AAV transduction in vitro. The cell lines (2 10 5 cells) were infected with 10 4 particles/cell of a murine IL-10-encoding vector (AAV-mIL-10) alone or with the addition of a low titer (100 particles/cell) of an E1-, E3-deleted recombinant adenovirus to provide E4orf6 activity to enhance second-strand synthesis. The supernatants were harvested from the wells at various time points and assayed for mIL-10 expression by ELISA. Both human synovial cell lines infected with AAV alone demonstrated low-level transgene expression throughout the course of the study. However, by day 10, all human cultures coinfected with adenovirus showed a 16-to 56-fold increase in mIL-10 compared to cultures infected with AAV-mIL10 alone. By day 30, a 31-to 135-fold increase was observed. No such increase was observed in any of the mouse cell lines. To determine the AAV transduction efficiency for synovium in vivo, human RA synovial tissues obtained from patients undergoing joint-replacement surgery were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of NOD.CB17-Prkdc SCID mice. After allowing a 2-week period for engraftment, tissues were injected with 3.4 10 11 particles of AAV-luciferase alone or in combination with 1.0 10 11 particles of adenovirus. Two weeks following AAV administration, the tissues were homogenized and assayed for expression of luciferase. Only the tissues coinfected with adenovirus had luciferase levels above background. A similar experiment with AAV-LacZ demonstrated X-gal staining only of synovial tissues coinfected with adenovirus. These findings demonstrate a preferential ability of AAV to transduce human, compared to mouse, synovial tissue and suggest that second strand synthesis may be a limiting factor in gene transduction. Further studies to elucidate the mechanisms limiting gene transduction in human synovium may allow optimization of this vector for the treatment of arthritis.
Extending relational model transformations to better support the verification of increasingly autonomous systems (2013)

A dissertation thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Engineering (EngD), at Loughborough University.
EFFECTS OF BOTOX ON LEVATOR ANI SYNDROME (2004)

Purpose: Levator ani syndrome is characterized by recurrent anorectal discomfort/pain, possibly from spasm of anal sphincter/levator muscles. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of Botox by performing a randomized, placebo controlled cross over study. Methods: Nine (M/F = 4/5) patients with chronic anorectal pain (> 1 year) but without other systemic problems or anorectal disorders were recruited. They received intrasphincteric injection of either 100 units of botulinum toxin or placebo (saline) under EMG guidance at 90-day intervals. The assessments included daily frequency, intensity and duration of anorectal pain, and VAS pain scores (0–10) at baseline, 10 and 90 days after each injection, and anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion, saline continence, and pudendal nerve latency (PNTML) tests at baseline and 10 days after injections. Results: Seven patients (M/F = 4/3) completed the study and two dropped out. During the Botox phase, the mean frequency, intensity, and duration of anorectal pain did not improve (p = 0.60) when compared to baseline. Also, VAS pain scores did not improve. Anal sphincter pressures, nerve latency and saline retention was unchanged but rectal sensory thresholds decreased (Table, mean ± Sd). Three subjects reported pain following injection but no other adverse events were noted.TableConclusions: Botox appears to be safe but does not improve anorectal pain associated with levator ani syndrome. Anal sphincter, pudendal nerve function, and continence were unaffected. Botox may enhance rectal sensation.
Novel approach to separation of musical signal sources by NMF (2014)

This paper proposes a method to separate polyphonic music signal into signals of each musical instrument by NMF: Non-negative Matrix Factorization based on preservation of spectrum envelope. Sound source separation is taken as a fundamental issue in music signal processing and NMF is becoming common to solve it because of its versatility and compatibility with music signal processing. Our method bases on a common feature of harmonic signal: spectrum envelopes of musical signal in close pitches played by the harmonic music instrument would be similar. We estimate power spectrums of each instrument by NMF with restriction to synchronize spectrum envelope of bases which are allocated to all possible center frequencies of each instrument. This manipulation means separation of components which refers to tones of each instrument and realizes both of separation without pre-training and separation of signal including harmonic and non-harmonic sound. We had an experiment to decompose mixture sound signal of MIDI instruments into each instrument and evaluated the result by SNR of single MIDI instrument sound signals and separated signals. As a result, SNR of lead guitar and drums approximately marked 3.6 and 6.0 dB and showed significance of our method.
Expanding the horizons of location-aware computing (2001)

Thanks to technical progress on many fronts, we now have location-aware computer applications that sense their location and modify their settings, user interface, and functions accordingly.
An Opioid System in Connective Tissue: A Study of Achilles Tendon in the Rat (2001)

The occurrence of endogenous opioids and their receptors in rat achilles tendon was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and in vitro binding assays. The investigation focused on four enkephalins, dynorphin B, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ. Nerve fibers immunoreactive to all enkephalins (Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Lys, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe) were consistently found in the loose connective tissue and the paratenon, whereas dynorphin B and nociceptin/orphanin FQ could not be detected. The majority of enkephalin-positive nerve fibers exhibited varicosities predominantly seen in blood vessel walls. Measurable levels of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and nociceptin/orphanin FQ were found in tendon tissue using RIA, whereas dynorphin B could not be detected. In addition to the endogenous opioids identified, delta-opioid receptors on nerve fibers were also detected by IHC. Binding assays to characterize the opioid binding sites showed that they were specific and saturable for [3H]-naloxone (Kd 7.01 +/- 0.98 nM; Bmax 23.52 +/- 2.23 fmol/mg protein). Our study demonstrates the occurrence of an opioid system in rat achilles tendon, which may be assumed to be present also in other connective tissues of the locomotor apparatus. This system may prove to be a useful target for pharmacological therapy in painful and inflammatory conditions by new drugs acting selectively in the periphery.