gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary soy protein isolate, genistein, and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate on DNA binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in mammary glands of CD rats. (1998)

We examined whether a soy protein isolate or one of its major components (genistein) influences the initiation stage of carcinogenesis via DNA binding studies of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in liver and mammary tissue of female CD rats. A semipurified high-fat diet (23.5% corn oil) containing the soy protein isolate (10%), genistein (111 ppm), or 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) (5 ppm as selenium) as a positive control was fed to 6-week-old virgin female CD rats for 1 week before carcinogen treatment. Neither soy nor genistein affected the extent of DMBA-DNA binding in liver. In mammary tissue, 111 ppm genistein in the diet was more effective than the soy protein isolate, although the latter contains the same amount of genistein, mainly present as a glucoside conjugate. As shown before, p-XSC inhibited DMBA-DNA binding in mammary tissue. Total binding was inhibited because of reduced formation of three major adducts: anti-diol epoxide deoxyguanosine, syn-diol epoxide deoxyadenosine, and anti-diolepoxide deoxyadenosine. Thus, an additional experiment with 111 and 222 ppm of genistein was performed; 222 ppm genistein had a weaker effect than that observed for 111 ppm. Nevertheless, 111 ppm of genistein in the diet appears to inhibit the initiation phase of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors and may partially account for the reported inhibitory effect of soy against DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors.
Security in wireless mobile ad hoc and sensor networks [Guest Editorial] (2007)

The nine articles in this special section are devoted to security services in group communications over wireless infrastructure, mobile ad hoc, and wireless sensor networks.
Carbon dioxide pressure-induced coagulation of microalgae (2015)

The move to a low-carbon economy has generated renewed interest in microalgae for the production of biofuels with the potential mutual benefit of wastewater treatment. However, harvesting has been identified as a limiting factor to the economic viability of this process. This paper explores the harvesting of microalgae using high-pressure gas without the addition of coagulants. Coagulation of microalgae under high-pressure gas was found to be an efficient method to separate algae from suspension. The critical coagulation pressures (CCPs) for H(2) and CO(2) were determined to be 6.1 and 6.2 MPa, respectively. The CO(2)-induced decrease in solution pH positively influenced coagulation rates, without appearing to affect the CCP. This approach could be beneficial for the economic removal of microalgae from solution for the production of both biofuels and biomedical compounds without the addition of non-environmentally friendly chemicals.
Einleitung (1977)

In unserer heutigen Industriegesellschaft setzt sich die Erkenntnis durch, daß weitere technologische Entwicklungen verstärkte Maßnahmen zur Sicherung und zum Ausbau menschenfreundlicher Arbeitsstätten erfordern, da der technische Fortschritt nicht auf Kosten des Menschen und insbesondere dessen Gesundheit erkauft werden darf.
Beam smoothing effects on the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) instability in Nova exploding foil plasmas (1995)

The effects of beam smoothing on the stimulated Brillouin and Raman backscattering instabilities (SBBS and SRBS) in a long scale length exploding foil plasma are experimentally investigated using the Nova laser. We observe strongly time-dependent and blueshifted SBS emission and broadband SRS emission in time-resolved spectral measurements of the backscattered light. The results of this paper focus on the SBS scattering, where we find that random phase plate spatial beam smoothing leads to a decrease in the total SBS reflectivity. Adding temporal smoothing to this spatial smoothing leads to an even greater decrease in the total reflectivity, as well as changes in the spectral nature of the backscattered light. Beam smoothing induced changes to the instabilities are limited to plasmas with a peak density below about 0.2ncr; beam smoothing causes little change in the backscattered emission for higher densities. We describe the measurements and discuss models that may explain certain aspects of the results.
Crystal structure and functional characterization of a light-driven chloride pump having an NTQ motif (2016)

A novel light-driven chloride-pumping rhodopsin (ClR) containing an 'NTQ motif' in its putative ion conduction pathway has been discovered and functionally characterized in a genomic analysis study of a marine bacterium. Here we report the crystal structure of ClR from the flavobacterium Nonlabens marinus S1-08(T) determined under two conditions at 2.0 and 1.56 Å resolutions. The structures reveal two chloride-binding sites, one around the protonated Schiff base and the other on a cytoplasmic loop. We identify a '3 omega motif' formed by three non-consecutive aromatic amino acids that is correlated with the B-C loop orientation. Detailed ClR structural analyses with functional studies in E. coli reveal the chloride ion transduction pathway. Our results help understand the molecular mechanism and physiological role of ClR and provide a structural basis for optogenetic applications.
Sc<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>@C<sub>80</sub> Rather than Sc<sub>2</sub>@C<sub>82</sub>: Templated Formation of Unexpected <i>C</i><sub>2<i>v</i></sub>(5)-C<sub>80</sub> and Temperature-Dependent Dynamic Motion of Internal Sc<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> Cluster (2011)

Unambiguous X-ray crystallographic results of the carbene adduct of Sc(2)C(82) reveal a new carbide cluster metallofullerene with the unexpected C(2v)(5)-C(80) cage, that is, Sc(2)C(2)@C(2v)(5)-C(80). More interestingly, DFT calculations and NMR results disclose that the dynamic motion of the internal Sc(2)C(2) cluster depends strongly on temperature. At 293 K, the cluster is fixed inside the cage with two nonequivalent Sc atoms on the mirror plane, thereby leading to C(s) symmetry of the whole molecule. However, when the temperature increases to 413 K, the (13)C and (45)Sc NMR spectra show that the cluster rotates rapidly inside the C(2v)(5)-C(80) cage, featuring two equivalent Sc atoms and weaker metal-cage interactions.
Towards effective and interpretable data mining by visual interaction (2002)

The primary aim of most data mining algorithms is to facilitate the discovery of concise and interpretable information from large amounts of data. However, many of the current formalizations of data mining algorithms have not quite reached this goal. One of the reasons for this is that the focus on using purely automated techniques has imposed several constraints on data mining algorithms. For example, any data mining problem such as clustering or association rules requires the specification of particular problem formulations, objective functions, and parameters. Such systems fail to take the user's needs into account very effectively. This makes it necessary to keep the user in the loop in a way which is both efficient and interpretable. One unique way of achieving this is by leveraging human visual perceptions on intermediate data mining results. Such a system combines the computational power of a computer and the intuitive abilities of a human to provide solutions which cannot be achieved by either. This paper will discuss a number of recent approaches to several data mining algorithms along these lines.
A Computer Architecture for Level Structured Systems (1975)

The notion of level structured operating systems is receiving growing acceptance in the computing community. These systems are implemented and debugged incrementally, one level at a time. Each level provides a pseudo-machine interface upon which the next level can be implemented. Such systems offer significant advantages from the piont of view of debugging, reliability, understandability, and modifiability over conventionally organized systems. The efficiency price which must be paid for this type of organization can be overcome by providing some simple mechanisms in the hardware to support the level structure. It is the purpose of this paper to point out where the hardware support is needed and to suggest one way of implementing these features.
Structure-activity relationships of anthracyclines relative to cytotoxicity and effects on macromolecular synthesis in L1210 leukemia cells. (1981)

The effects of 92 anthracycline compounds on the growth and DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of L1210 leukemia cells were studied in relationships to their structures and antitumor activity. The following structure-activity relationships were observed: 1) The hydroxyl groups at C-1, C-2, C-4, C-6 and C-11 on aglycones have significant relationships to the in vitro potency. Compounds lacking the hydroxyl group at C-6 (an anthracycline containing α2-rhodomycinone) or containing the methoxyl group at C-6 (6-O-methylaclacinomycin A) are lower in their cytotoxicity and RNA and DNA synthesis-inhibiting activity than those containing the C-6 hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group at C-2 did not influence the in vitro potency, but the hydroxyl group at C-1 and/or C-11 enhanced the potency. The activity which prolongs the life span of L1210-bearing mice was decreased by an hydroxyl group at C-1 or C-11, although the effective doses were lowered. In compounds which are different at C-4, in vitro potency increased in the following series: deoxy>hydroxy>methoxy. 2) The side chain at C-9 in aklavinone- and daunomycinone-glycosides produced slight influence on cytotoxicity and on the activity which inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis in intact cells. Ethyl, isopropyl and acetonyl derivatives at C-9 had an equal potency. The methyl derivative had the least activity. 3) A 10-carbomethoxy group in the S-configuration decreased the inhibitory activity on RNA synthesis. The removal of this group at C-10 resulted in a marked reduction in cytotoxicity and in the activity which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. 4) The amino function either on the aglycone or on the sugar moiety was essential for in vitro activity. Compounds having an alkylamino group at C-3' were more potent in vitro than those with a primary amino group, although these groups produced different effects in in vivo activity, depending on each anthracycline. 5) Disaccharides and trisaccharides were more potent in vitro than monosaccharides. This was reflected in the ratios for the IC50 values of DNA and RNA synthesis. The ratio of the concentration to inhibit DNA synthesis to that for RNA synthesis was 1-4 in monosaccharides (group I), while in trisaccharides (group II). the ratio was 7-10. In disaccharides the ratio was 5-6. The length of the sugar chain did not correlate with in vivo antitumor activity.
P584Anticholinergic bronchodilator improves both pulmonary and cardiac functions in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017)

Table 1 99m Tc-PYP scan n Age, years Gender LVEF, % AF (%) mean SD M/F mean SD +/-Positive 9 (26) 8213 5/4 5012 5/4 Negative 26 (74) 8110 11/15 5117 10/16 Conclusions: Prevalence of positive 99mTc-PYP scan is relatively high (26%) in patients with non-ischemic and non-valvular heart failure over sixty years of age. Since several TTR-modifying drugs are under development, screening of cardiac ATTR by technetium-labeled bone scintigraphy should be more encouraged.
Abstract 15458: Inside-out Access: A New Method of Lead Placement for Patients with Central Venous Occlusions (2010)

Objective: We describe a new method of vascular access that allows pre-pectoral placement of conventional pacing and defibrillation leads in patients with complex central venous occlusions that can...
Scaling Nonlinear Optics in Gases (2016)

Extrapolating nonlinear phenomena, such as filamentation, to new parameters as e.g. to higher pulse energy is often challenging. We here present a general scaling model for nonlinear light-matter interactions in gases and proof it experimentally.
Direct Design of Pharmaceutical Antisolvent Crystallization through Concentration Control (2006)

Recent advances in in situ measurement technology and automation of batch crystallizers have enabled the development of batch crystallization recipes in which the desired supersaturation profile is followed by feedback control. This paper describes a new approach for following supersaturation setpoints for antisolvent crystallizations that is easy to implement for the tried crystallization. Simulations and application to a proprietary drug compound demonstrate how this combination of automation and in process measurements enables the rapid development of batch crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical industry.
The crystal structure of the iron‐free cytochrome <i>c</i> peroxidase and its implication for the enzymatic mechanism (1994)

We report the refined structure of an iron-free form of cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) at 2.3 A resolution. The backbone comparison between native CcP and iron-free CcP shows that the two structures have the same protein fold within experimental error. The only difference noted is in the heme pocket where the distance between the proximal histidine and the center of the protoporphyrin has increased. The results show that the iron-free CcP should be a good substitute for native CcP in fluorescence studies and thus also validate previous studies using iron-free CcPs as efficient fluorescent probes in electron transfer studies.
Over-expression of CD3ε transgenes blocks T lymphocyte development (1995)

We have reported previously that mice carrying > 30 copies of the human CD3 epsilon transgene completely lose their T lymphocytes and NK cells (36). Here we demonstrate by immunohistology that in the most severely immunodeficient mouse, tg epsilon 26, the thymus is very small, has sizeable vacuoles and does not contain recognizable T lymphocytes except for a small percentage of Thy-1+ cells and B cells. Cell surface phenotyping and TCR alpha and -beta rearrangement studies confirm that the arrest in T lymphocyte development precedes the arrest in rag-1null, rag-2null and TCR beta nuli mice. Since the T cell progenitors in which the arrest occurred were absent in the transgenic mice, indirect approaches were taken to examine the causes of the block in T cell development. Analyses of 12 independently established mutant mouse lines, generated with five different transgenic constructs, revealed that the severity of the abrogation in T cell development was dependent on the number of copies of transgenes. Since the number of transgene copies generally correlated with the levels of expression of the transgenic CD3 epsilon proteins, we concluded that over-expression of the CD3 epsilon protein was the likely cause of the block in T lymphocyte development. The T cell immunodeficiency was caused by either the human or the murine CD3 epsilon protein. Since transgene coded mRNAs were found in significantly higher quantities than endogenous CD3 epsilon mRNAs in fetal thymi on days 13 and 14 of gestation, over-expression took place very early in development, probably prematurely. Over-expression of the CD3 epsilon transgene in thymocyte precursors may therefore affect T lymphocyte development in the absence of TCR and possibly in the absence of the other CD3 proteins. More importantly, over-expression of the CD3 epsilon protein in thymocytes of mice with a low copy number of transgenes had a significant effect on late thymic development. Over-expression of the CD3 epsilon protein in immature thymocytes mimicked the effects caused by exposure of CD4- CD8- thymocytes to anti-CD3 epsilon treatment: apoptosis and lack of TCR beta expression. We therefore speculate that in the homozygous tg epsilon 26 animals the arrest in T cell development was caused by excessive signal transduction events rather than by a toxic effect of the transgenic protein.
Genetics of breast and ovarian cancer (1994)

Studies of familial breast and ovarian cancer have traditionally been directed towards a single type of cancer, but recent evidence leads us to consider these two types of cancer together. The original evidence for a common hereditary basis for breast and ovarian cancer comes from the observation of large families with several cases of both types. The number of cancers in these families was too great to be explained by chance and none of the known environmental risk factors are sufficient to account for the clustering. Statistical analysis performed on a number of breast-ovary cancer families identified by Dr Henry Lynch and his colleagues led them to conclude that the clustering could be explained by the effect of a single dominant gene. Women with breast cancer are at increased risk of developing a second primary cancer of the ovary; and relatives of women with breast or ovarian cancer are at roughly double the risk for either tumour. The most convincing evidence, however, for a common predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer comes from genetic linkage studies. In a linkage study cancer susceptibility in a family is shown to be transmitted with a particular allele of genetic marker of known chromosomal location. A gene from chromosome region 17q12-q21, designated BRCA1, identified in 1990 by Dr Mary-Claire King and colleagues, predisposes to both cancer of the breast and the ovary.
Saturation of Fe2+ ion concentration in single-crystal YIG(Si) (1977)

The relative Fe2+ ion concentrations in three flux-grown crystals of YIG(Si), containing up to 0.3 Si4+ ion per formula unit, have been determined by optical techniques. The Fe2+ ion concentration appears to reach a maximum or saturation value at Si4+ ion content of 0.1 per formula unit. The Si4+ ions not compensated by Fe2+ or Pb2+ ions, the sum of which is less than the Si4+ ion content, must be compensated by cation vacancies.
High-displacement piezoelectric actuator utilizing a meander-line geometry I. Experimental characterization (1991)

The compact linear-motion piezoelectric actuator developed has relatively large displacement capabilities. It is composed of a number of parallel bars of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) connected together in a meander-line configuration so that they are mechanically in series and electrically in parallel. The polarity of the adjacent bars is arranged so that if a given bar expands under the applied voltage, the adjacent bars contract. An electromechanical model of the actuator predicted and measurements verified that stiffeners added to the basic meander line geometry significantly increased the force output without affecting the displacement versus applied voltage relationship.
Combined Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor and Mucinous Cystadenoma of the Ovary: Granulosa Cell Tumor with Heterologous Mucinous Elements (2005)

We describe an unusual ovarian neoplasm in a 57-year-old woman composed of an admixture of mucinous cystadenoma and adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT). In areas the two components were separate but elsewhere there was intermingling of the two elements. The combination of mucinous cystadenoma and AGCT has only rarely been reported. Theories of histogenesis include a collision tumor and heterologous mucinous differentiation within an AGCT. We favor the latter theory in this case, because in many areas there was an intimate admixture of the two components. Because heterologous mucinous elements are well described in other ovarian sex-cord-stromal neoplasms, especially but not exclusively Sertoli Leydig cell tumors, it is not unexpected that a similar phenomenon could occur in an AGCT. We review the previously reported cases of combined mucinous cystadenoma and granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.
Chapter 21 Nuclear DNA-Binding Proteins (1997)

This chapter discusses and provides protocols for electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) and DNase I protection assays, and presents particular experiments that exemplify important biological paradigms or methodologies in muscle research. A method for nuclear extract preparation is discussed. The protocols and examples given in this chapter demonstrate that the EMSA and DNase I protection assays are powerful tools for the identification and study of the DNA-binding proteins involved in myogenesis. When used in conjunction with nuclear extracts, these techniques can map muscle-specific promoters and enhancers, determine precise DNA sequence requirements for protein binding, yield information concerning the developmental stage and tissue specificity of DNA-binding activities, and facilitate the cloning of novel DNA-binding factors. Once DNA-binding proteins have been cloned, these same techniques can be used to characterize both the proteins and the DNA sequences to which they bind. When interpreted in the light of corroborating functional studies, EMSAs and DNase I protection assays provide a strong foundation for the understanding of transcriptional mechanisms, driving muscle differentiation and determination.
Photon echoes in lithium vapor with the use of angled excitation beams (1983)

Two-pulse photon echoes on the $2^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}2^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition in lithium vapor are generated using laser excitation pulses with angular separations of 0.70 and 1.40 mrad. The observed degradation of echo intensity with angling of the excitation pulses is in agreement with theory. The largest echoes radiated by the lithium sample contained ${10}^{9}$ photons; the smallest echoes detected contained only an average of 0.04 photons. This intensity range of greater than ${10}^{10}$ represents measurements made over more than 15 natural lifetimes of the $2^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state despite the degradation due to angling. Modulation of the echo signal due to the hyperfine structure of the $2^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state is also observed.
Effects of entinostat onresistance to cetuximab and EGFR TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer. (2012)

e18077 Background: Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) is active in patients with NSCLC. Gate keeper mutations in EGFR, such as T790M and activation of alternative driven pathways such as Met amplification are known mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR TKI. Here we evaluated the effects of the class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), entinostat with cetuximab or EGFR TKIs in NSCLC cell lines with 3 potential mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired EGFR inhibitor resistance: RAS mutation according to E-cadherin expression, T790M EGFR mutation, and amplified MET. Methods: In vivo efficacy of entinostat alone or in combination with cetuximab or gefitinib was tested in athymic nude mice bearing RAS mutant, E-cadherin positive (A549) and E-cadherin negative (NCI-H460) NSCLC xenograft tumors. NSCLC cell lines were treated with various dilutions of cetuximab, entinostat or erlotinib. The NCI-H1975 and NCI-H1993 cell lines harboring the EGFR-L858R/T790M mutation and MET amplification, respectively, were treated with the combination of entinostat and erlotinib. Cell growth was analyzed by the MTT assay. Expression of e-cadherin was evaluated using affymetix microarrays. Results: When entinostat (E; 5mg/kg) was combined with cetuximab (C; 25mg/kg) in nude mice bearing the E-cadherin positive A549 xenograft, tumor growth inhibition was higher than each drug alone in (C: 65%; E: 70%; E+C: 88%; p=0.001) or what is detected in the E-cadherin negative H460 xenografts (C: 3%, E: 64%, E+C: 75%). Synergistic effects were detected when entinostat was combined with erlotinib in the NCI-H1975 or NCI-H1993 cell lines (combination index, CI<1). Conclusions: Entinostat enhances the effect of Cetuximab in vivo in Ras mutant, E-cadherin positive NSCLC cell lines, or erlotinib in cell lines harboring the EGFR mutation T790M or amplified MET. The combination of entinostat and EGFR inhibitors could provide the rational for developing clinical trials in patients with NSCLC with tumors resistant to EGFR inhibitors.