gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On designing and deploying internet-scale services (2007)

The system-to-administrator ratio is commonly used as a rough metric to understand administrative costs in high-scale services. With smaller, less automated services this ratio can be as low as 2:1, whereas on industry leading, highly automated services, we’ve seen ratios as high as 2,500:1. Wi t h i n Microsoft services, Autopilot [1] is often cited as the magic behind the success of the Windows Live Search team in achieving high system-to-administrator ratios. While auto-administration is important, the most important factor is actually the service itself. Is the service efficient to automate? Is it what we refer to more generally as operations-friendly? Services that are operationsfriendly require little human intervention, and both detect and recover from all but the most obscure failures without administrative intervention. This paper summarizes the best practices accumulated over many years in scaling some of the largest services at MSN and Windows Live.
Magnetic Stimulation of Neural Tissue (1995)

Abstract This chapter discusses the principle of magnetic stimulation and its neurological applications. At present the widest application of magnetic stimulation is the stimulation of the central nervous system. This bioelectric activity produces an electric current in the volume conductor which induces the biomagnetic field. This correlation between the bioelectric and biomagnetic phenomena is, of course, not limited to the generation of the bioelectric and biomagnetic fields by the same bioelectric sources. This correlation also arises in the stimulation of biological tissue.
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: an update of the evidence. (2012)

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract has been proven to prevent severe infections and to reduce mortality in critically ill patients. Historical arguments against its use, like the development of bacterial resistance and the absence of influence on mortality, have not been confirmed. Recent clinical trials designed to evaluate these variables and meta-analyses showed remarkable reductions in the incidence of resistant bacteria and a significant beneficial effect on survival. This review will update the evidence on the efficacy of selective decontamination of the digestive tract, and the issue of emergence of resistance, using data from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
Gravitational “Constant” G as a Function of Quantum Vacuum Energy Density and its Dependence on the Distance from Mass (2014)

In a previous paper the author has shown the gravitational constant ruling Newton’s law can be expressed as a function of quantum variables related to Zero Point Field as Planck’s time and quantum vacuum energy density. On the other hand the quantum vacuum energy density has been proved to be modified by the presence of a mass within the volume occupied by the mass itself and in the space surrounding it. Furthermore, according to the Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity the same mass determines a gravitational potential that alters the speed of light, the clock’s rate and the particle size as a function of the distance the distance from the center of mass. All these considerations strongly suggest that also the constant G could be expressed as a function of quantum vacuum energy density somehow depending on the distance from the mass whose presence modifies the Zero Point Field energy structure. In this paper, starting from the idea of inertial mass of a body as the seat of standing waves of Zero Point Field and from the picture of a fluid-like model of space, it has been established a model in which the gravitational constant G is expressed as a function of Quantum Vacuum energy density in turn depending on the radial distance from center of the mass originating the gravitational field, supposed as spherically symmetric. The proposed model suggests the gravitational “constant” G could be not truly unchanging but varying as a function of the distance from the mass originating gravitational potential itself, whose approximate analytic expression has been also found and discussed. Finally a possible experimental test of the model, making use of precise measurements on a satellite has been outlined. The proposed theoretical model could be able to give valuable insights into a deeper understanding of the true origin and dynamics of gravity as well as the theoretical basis for unthinkable applications related, for example, to the field of gravity control and space propulsion.
Biomarkers of Sepsis (2014)

Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients, despite efforts to improve patient outcome. Thus far, no magic drugs exist for severe sepsis and septic shock. Instead, early diagnosis and prompt initial management such as early goal-directed therapy are key to improve sepsis outcome. For early detection of sepsis, biological markers (biomarkers) can help clinicians to distinguish infection from host response to inflammation. Ideally, biomarkers can be used for risk stratification, diagnosis, monitoring of treatment responses, and outcome prediction. More than 170 biomarkers have been identified as useful for evaluating sepsis, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, various cytokines, and cell surface markers. Recently, studies have reported on the usefulness of biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardships. However, the other side of these numerous biomarkers is that no novel single laboratory marker can diagnose, predict, and track the treatment of sepsis. The purpose of this review is to summarize several key biomarkers from recent sepsis studies.
Temperature insensitive current reference for the 6.27 MHz oscillator (2011)

This paper describes a circuit, which generates temperature-independent bias currents. In this paper, low-temperature coefficient reference is presented. The circuit is firstly employed to generate a current reference with temperature compensation, then combining the opposite characteristic curve current reference to minimize the variation of temperature. The proposed circuit has been design by a 0.18μm CMOS technology process and using computer simulation to evaluate the thermal drift of the reference current. This current reference is used to provide a stable current for a current controlled oscillator(CCO). The proposed CCO achieves temperature coefficients of 22.3 ppm/°C in the temperature range between -25 and 75°C.
Loosely-separated Sister Namespaces in Java (2005)

Most modern programming systems such as Java allow us to link independently developed components together dynamically. This makes it possible to develop and deploy software on a per component basis. However, a number of Java developers have reported a problem, ironically called the version barrier, imposed by the strict separation of namespaces. The version barrier prohibits one component from passing an instance to another component if each component contains that class type. This paper introduces a novel concept for Java namespaces, called sister namespaces, to address this problem. Sister namespaces can relax the version barrier between components. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a mechanism for relaxing the version barrier, while still allowing type-safe instance accesses between components with negligible performance penalties in regular execution.
Some consequences of body size (1984)

The question of the proper size denominator for metabolic indices is addressed. Metabolic rate among different species is proportional to the 3/4 power of body weight, not surface area. Muscle power also varies with the 3/4 power of weight, suggesting that metabolic rate is determined mainly by muscle power. Power-to-weight ratio, specific metabolic rate, and a number of metabolic periods, including heart rate, all vary inversely with the 1/4 power of body weight. Thus the relative times required for physiological and pathological processes in different species may be estimated from the average resting heart rate for the species. There are not many small humans among athletic record holders in events involving acceleration and hill climbing, as would be expected if they had higher power-to-weight ratios. Thus the relationship between size and metabolic rate in different species should not be applied within the single species of humans. Evidence is reviewed showing that basal metabolic rate in humans is determined mainly by lean body mass.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc2 mutants fail to replicate approximately one-third of their nuclear genome. (1983)

Chromosomal DNA replication was examined in temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in a gene required for the completion of S phase at the nonpermissive temperature, 37 degrees C. Based on incorporation of radioactive precursors and density transfer experiments, strains carrying three different alleles of cdc2 failed to replicate approximately one-third of their nuclear genome at 37 degrees C. Whole-cell autoradiography experiments demonstrated that 93 to 96% of the cells synthesized DNA at 37 degrees C. Therefore, all cells failed to replicate part of their genome. DNA isolated from terminally arrested cells was of normal size as measured on neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients, suggesting that partially replicated DNA molecules do not accumulate and that DNA strands are ligated properly in cdc2 mutants. In addition, electron microscopic examination of the equivalent of more than one genome's DNA from arrested cells failed to reveal any partially replicated molecules. The sequences which failed to replicate at 37 degrees C were not highly specific; eight different cloned sequences replicated to the same extent as total DNA. The 2-microns plasmid DNA and rDNA replicated significantly less well than total DNA, but approximately one-half of these sequences replicated at 37 degrees C. These observations suggest that cdc2 mutants are defective in an aspect of initiation of DNA replication common to all chromosomes such that a random fraction of the chromosomes fail to initiate replication at 37 degrees C, but that once initiated, replication proceeds normally.
Power reduction by varying sampling rate (2005)

The rate at which a digital signal processing (DSP) system operates depends on the highest frequency component in the input signal. DSP applications must sample their inputs at a frequency at least twice the highest frequency in the input signal (i.e., the Nyquist rate) to accurately reproduce the signal. Typically a fixed sampling rate, guaranteed to always be high enough, is used. However, an input signal may have periods when the signal has little high frequency content as well as periods of silence. When the input signal has no perceptible high frequency components, the system can reduce its sampling rate, thereby reducing the number of samples processed per second, allowing the CPU speed to be scaled down without reducing output quality. This paper describes how to reduce power consumption in DSP applications by varying the amount of processing based on the input signal, and reports results of experiments with a prototype implementation. Experiments with a prototype show that when the system performs little processing, the added overhead of the variable sampling rate technique increased power consumption. When the system performs more processing, 18 FIR filters per frame, the power consumption was reduced to 40% of the power required for a static sampling rate, while not reducing sound quality
The segment approach time axis algorithm for proxy bidding application in online auction (2008)

As the internet grows rapidly, lots of commercial behaviors break the distant and regional restrictions. The online auction is a popular mode that develops rapidly nowadays. Online auction simplifies the complicated negotiation behavior that solely over the product's price rather than full range of values. For example, the proxy bidding is a function of auction websites which support users to bid and depend on the price of products. However, online auction is considered to be too static and truly reflect human's negotiation behaviors.

The purpose of this research is to investigate a better algorithm that can reduce the bidding time of online auction. In this algorithm, multi-attributes of user's requirement and bidding terms were considered simultaneously. This approach provides an austere architecture way for users to make business transaction more flexible, and also enhance the benefit of bidding. This study adopts Segment Approach Time Axis Algorithm (SATAA) to simulate segment time bid in online auction. The results display can effectively to save the costs 94% more than the traditional proxy bidding and increase almost 2 multiple opportunity to win the auction goods. Besides, also the method is proved to fit changeful auction market.
Computational intelligence based testing for semiconductor measurement systems (2006)

This paper describes a computational intelligence-based software configuration implemented on semiconductor automatic test equipment (ATE) and how we can improve our design (e.g. memory test chip) based on such a method. The purpose of this unique software configuration incorporating neural network, genetic-algorithm and other artificial intelligence technologies is to enhance ATE capability and efficiency by providing an intelligent interface for a variety of functions that are controlled or monitored by the software. This includes automated and user directed control of the ATE and a diagnostic strategy to streamline test sequences and specific combinations of test conditions through the use of advanced diagnostic strategies. Such methods can achieve greater accuracy in failure diagnosis and fault prediction; and improve confidence in circuit performance testing that result in the determination of a DUT (device under test) status
FORECASTING THE STRENGTH OF PORTLAND CEMENT (1970)

IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A RAPID CALCULATION OF THE FUTURE STRENGTH OF PORTLAND CEMENT. THE CALCULATION METHOD IS BASED ON THE FACT THAT PORTLAND CEMENT PROPERTIES DEPEND ON ITS MINERAL AND GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION. BASED ON NUMEROUS RESULTS, MULTIPLE REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS, WHICH RELATED COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES, WERE CALCULATED BY MEANS OF THE LEAST SQUARE METHOD WITH THE HELP OF A COMPUTER. ANY LABORATORY EQUIPPED WITH AN X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER AND GRANULOMETRIC ANALYSIS APPARATUS CAN CALCULATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PORTLAND CEMENT IF MULTIPLE REGRESSION EQUATIONS HAVE BEEN DERIVED BEFOREHAND.
Active correlation tracking (2003)

We describe methods of identifying and exploiting sharing patterns in multi-threaded DSM applications. Active correlation tracking is used to determine the affinity, or amount of sharing, in pairs of threads. Thread affinities are combined to create correlation maps, which summarize sharing between all pairs of threads in the application. Correlation maps can be used in two ways. First, they can be used as an aid for performance tuning, Second, they can be used to estimate the impact on communication requirements of reconfiguring running applications through thread migration. Thread migration provides a way of tuning applications for which sharing information is not known a priori, and a means of adapting to dynamic algorithms or environments. We show that i) accurate thread affinities can be obtained without multiple rounds of migration, ii) thread affinities lead to good approximations of application communication requirements, iii) simple heuristics can use thread affinities to efficiently approximate optimal mappings of threads to nodes, and iv) good placement is essential for high performance.
Lichen planopilaris: report of 30 cases and review of the literature (2003)

We concluded that topical therapy may be a valid alternative to systemic therapies, especially in patients with lesions in the early phase.
Advances in Multi-User Scheduling and Turbo Equalization for Wireless MIMO Systems (2009)

Nach einer Einleitung behandelt Teil 2 Mehrbenutzer-Scheduling für die\nAbwärtsstrecke von drahtlosen MIMO Systemen mit einer Sendestation und\nkanaladaptivem precoding: In jeder Zeit- oder Frequenzressource kann eine\nandere Nutzergruppe gleichzeitig bedient werden, räumlich getrennt durch\nunterschiedliche Antennengewichte. Nutzer mit korrelierten Kanälen sollten\nnicht gleichzeitig bedient werden, da dies die räumliche Trennbarkeit\nerschwert. Die Summenrate einer Nutzermenge hängt von den Antennengewichten\nab, die wiederum von der Nutzerauswahl abhängen. Zur Entkopplung des\nProblems schlägt diese Arbeit Metriken vor basierend auf einer geschätzten\nRate mit ZF precoding. Diese lässt sich mit Hilfe von wiederholten\northogonalen Projektionen abschätzen, wodurch die Berechnung von\nAntennengewichten beim Scheduling entfällt. Die Ratenschätzung kann\nbasierend auf momentanen Kanalmessungen oder auf gemittelter Kanalkenntnis\nberechnet werden und es können Datenraten- und Fairness-Kriterien\nberücksichtig werden. Effiziente Suchalgorithmen werden vorgestellt, die\ndie gesamte Systembandbreite auf einmal bearbeiten können und zur\nKomplexitätsreduktion die Lösung in Zeit- und Frequenz nachführen können.\nTeil 3 zeigt wie mehrere Sendestationen koordiniertes Scheduling und\nkooperative Signalverarbeitung einsetzen können. Mittels orthogonalen\nProjektionen ist es möglich, Inter-Site Interferenz zu schätzen, ohne\nAntennengewichte berechnen zu müssen. Durch ein Konzept virtueller Nutzer\nkann der obige Scheduling-Ansatz auf mehrere Sendestationen und sogar\nRelays mit SDMA erweitert werden. Auf den benötigten Signalisierungsaufwand\nwird kurz eingegangen und eine Methode zur Schätzung der Summenrate eines\nSystems ohne Koordination besprochen. Teil4 entwickelt Optimierungen für\nTurbo Entzerrer. Diese Nutzen Signalkorrelation als Quelle von Redundanz.\nTrotzdem kann eine Kombination mit MIMO precoding sinnvoll sein, da bei\nAnnahme realistischer Fehler in der Kanalkenntnis am Sender keine optimale\nInterferenzunterdrückung möglich ist. Mit Hilfe von EXIT Charts wird eine\nneuartige Methode zur adaptiven Nutzung von a-priori-Information zwischen\nIterationen entwickelt, die die Konvergenz verbessert. Dabei wird gezeigt,\nwie man semi-blinde Kanalschätzung im EXIT chart berücksichtigen kann.\nIn Computersimulationen werden alle Verfahren basierend auf\n4G-Systemparametern überprüft.
The Role of Gibberellin, Abscisic Acid, and Sucrose in the Regulation of Potato Tuber Formation in Vitro1 (1998)

The effects of plant hormones and sucrose (Suc) on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization were studied using in vitro cultured single-node cuttings. Tuber-inducing (high Suc) and -noninducing (low Suc or high Suc plus gibberellin [GA]) media were tested. Tuberization frequencies, tuber widths, and stolon lengths were measured during successive stages of development. Endogenous GAs and abscisic acid (ABA) were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exogenous GA4/7 promoted stolon elongation and inhibited tuber formation, whereas exogenous ABA stimulated tuberization and reduced stolon length. Indoleacetic acid-containing media severely inhibited elongation of stolons and smaller sessile tubers were formed. Exogenous cytokinins did not affect stolon elongation and tuber formation. Endogenous GA1 level was high during stolon elongation and decreased when stolon tips started to swell under inducing conditions, whereas it remained high under noninducing conditions. GA1 levels were negatively correlated with Suc concentration in the medium. We conclude that GA1 is likely to be the active GA during tuber formation. Endogenous ABA levels decreased during stolon and tuber development, and ABA levels were similar under inducing and noninducing conditions. Our results indicate that GA is a dominant regulator in tuber formation: ABA stimulates tuberization by counteracting GA, and Suc regulates tuber formation by influencing GA levels.
Secretion Effect of Estrogen of Different Growth Stages of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) (2011)

The average life expectancy has continuously increased with the development of medical industry. As women get older, they experience the deficit of estrogen caused by decreased function of ovarian. Specifically, they suffer from temporary fever because of unstable vasomotion and, in the long term experience, degeneration of urogenital organs, tooth loss, arteriosclerosis, demantia, snores and so on. Because of these symptoms the estrogen medical supply is getting required. Along with this, many studies have conducted to find out substitutional medicals without any side effects. This research was carried out to find out such substitutable materials. For the purpose of study, we examined the change of estrogen using the rats fed with the pupa powder immediately before the eclosion, eclosed adult, the pupa extract immediately before the eclosion, and the silkworm powder prepared at <TEX>$3^{rd}$</TEX> day of <TEX>$5^{th}$</TEX> instar. The result showed no significant chance in weight, feeding and water intake quantity among variables. However, the estrogen hormone secretion effects was very high at 73 pg/ml in the rats fed with the freeze-dried powder of the Yeonnokjam male pupa prepared immediately before the eclosion, compared with the control at 59 pg/ml. The next was Yangwonjam male adult at 71 pg/ml.
Activated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Are Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism (1999)

The factor V Leiden mutation and resistance to activated protein C are important, independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Screening strategies for the factor V Leiden mutation in patients undergoing surgery or experiencing major trauma cannot be recommended, but phenotypic evaluation of resistance to activated protein C should be encouraged in patients with venous thromboembolism.
Development of a Flowmeter Using Vibration Interaction between Gauge Plate and External Flow Analyzed by LSTM (2020)

(1) Background: This study is aimed at the development of a precise and inexpensive device for flow information measurement for external flow. This novel flowmeter uses an LSTM (long short-term memory) neural network algorithm to analyze the vibration responses of the gauge plate. (2) Methods: A signal processing method using an LSTM neural network is proposed for the development of mass flow rate estimation by sensing the vibration responses of a gauge plate. An FFT (fast Fourier transform) and an STFT (short-time Fourier transform) were used to analyze the vibration characteristics of the gauge plate depending on the mass flow rate. For precise measurements, the vibration level and roughness were computed and used as input features. The actual mass flow rate measured by using a weight transducer was employed as the output features for the LSTM prediction model. (3) Results: The estimated flow rate matched the actual measured mass flow rate very closely. The deviations in measurements for the total mass flow were less than 6%. (4) Conclusions: The estimation of the mass flow rate for external flow through the proposed flowmeter by use of vibration responses analyzed by the LSTM neural network was proposed and verified.
Spectral Properties of Plants (1965)

The spectral properties of plant leaves and stems have been obtained for ultraviolet, visible, and infrared frequencies. The spectral reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance for certain plants is given. The mechanism by which radiant energy interacts with a leaf is discussed, including the presence of plant pigments. Examples are given concerning the amount of absorbed solar radiation for clear sky and overcast conditions. The spectral properties of desert plants are compared with those of more mesic plants. The evolution of the spectral properties of plant leaves during the early growing season is given as well as the colorimetric behavior during the autumn.