gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ginger — chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation: Part 2 (1983)

Ginger is used in more ways than any other spice. This monograph, published in two parts, comprehensively reviews production, trade, processing, chemistry, and evaluation of quality. Botany, world varieties, agronomy, crop improvement, and potential are reviewed briefly with emphasis on the yield of functional components. Processing for the market, international trade patterns and factors influencing them are discussed. Derived products such as ginger powder, syruped ginger, volatile oil, and oleoresin are discussed in greater detail. The increasing world demand for quality products of added value such as the oleoresin and volatile oil show the prospects for their production in the growing countries. The chemistry of the components which contribute aroma and pungency that characterize ginger is critically reviewed. The second part deals with evaluation of quality. The physicochemical parameters prescribed as a measure of quality for ginger and its products in the existing standards, can assure only hygienic quality and purity, and possibly the source, when new parameters such as GC-finger prints are included. The importance of sensorily evaluating flavor quality is emphasized to understand the variation in flavor quality required by the industrial and retail markets. Related areas, such as problems in sensory evaluation of intense flavored substances, objective flavor profile analysis, correlation of instrumental and sensory data are discussed, and our recent work in this area is summarized. Areas where more research is needed are indicated. Other areas briefly discussed are functional, physiological, and toxicological properties in use of ginger; biosynthetic aspects of components stimulating flavor; structure and pungency and chemistry of spices from allied species and genera. A comprehensive bibliography is provided to aid in further study and research.
365. The Fischer indole synthesis. Part IV. A kinetic investigation (1950)

K. H. Pausacker and C. I. Schubert, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 1814 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500001814
Structural Testing of High-Speed Serial Buses: A Case Study Analysis (2006)

As the speed of serial buses breaks into multi-gigabits per second (Gb/S), current structural testing methodologies break down. Direct physical access to buses is becoming impossible due to board layout constraints. Even when access is achievable, the signal measured at the probe point may be significantly different than the signal received at the chip. In addition, when a probe can be placed on a test point, the added capacitance caused by the probe can distort the signal, masking design problems or reporting erroneous faults. Because these difficulties will only increase as bus speeds increase and as more buses lose physical access, engineers are faced with identifying alternative strategies for maintaining sufficient test coverage. Recognizing this situation, Intelreg developed a technology called Intelreg interconnect built-in self test (Intelreg IBIST) (Nejedlo, 2003 and Nejelo, 2003), which is being embedded into next-generation processors and chipsets. This case study examines the use of Intel IBIST to test circuit boards on an Intel based server. To perform the experiments, the Intel IBIST facilities were accessed via the board's boundary-scan (IEEE 1149.1/JTAG) port. Data was gathered to validate fault detection and diagnostics. In addition, data generated by the experiment are compared with current methods of testing, such as probing with an oscilloscope
Twitter use by the U.S. Congress (2010)

Abstract Twitter is a microblogging and social networking service with millions of members and growing at a tremendous rate. With the buzz surrounding the service have come claims of its ability to transform the way people interact and share information and calls for public figures to start using the service. In this study, we are interested in the type of content that legislators are posting to the service, particularly by members of the United States Congress. We read and analyzed the content of over 6,000 posts from all members of Congress using the site. Our analysis shows that Congresspeople are primarily using Twitter to disperse information, particularly links to news articles about themselves and to their blog posts, and to report on their daily activities. These tend not to provide new insights into government or the legislative process or to improve transparency; rather, they are vehicles for self‐promotion. However, Twitter is also facilitating direct communication between Congresspeople and citizens, though this is a less popular activity. We report on our findings and analysis and discuss other uses of Twitter for legislators.
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine in the horse: Serum, synovial, peritoneal, and urine concentrations after single-dose intravenous administration (1983)

Six healthy adult mares were given a single IV injection of trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfadiazine (SDZ) at a dosage rate of 2.5 mg of TMP/kg of body weight and 12.5 mg of SDZ/kg. Serum, synovial, peritoneal, and urine TMP-SDZ concentrations were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The highest measured mean concentrations of TMP and SDZ were found in the first (0.5 hour) sample of serum, synovial fluid, and peritoneal fluid. The mean peak concentrations of TMP and SDZ averaged 4.37 micrograms/ml and 21.81 micrograms/ml for serum, 2.95 micrograms/ml and 15.31 micrograms/ml for synovial fluid, and 3.88 micrograms/ml and 19.52 micrograms/ml for peritoneal fluid, respectively. Urine concentrations of the drugs were relatively high and peaked early. The elimination rate for TMP and SDZ averaged 0.41 and 0.26 hour-1, while the elimination half-life was 1.91 and 2.71 hours, respectively, and the volume of distribution averaged 0.59 and 0.52 L/kg, respectively.
Syntheses of all of the racemic diastereoisomers of phytosphingosine (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of all of the racemic diastereoisomers of phytosphingosineKeiiti Sisido, Noriyuki Hirowatari, Hirosi Tamura, Humihiro Kobata, Hisano Takagisi, and Tyuzo IsidaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 2, 350–353Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00827a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (540 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cocaine Plasma Concentration: Relation to Physiological and Subjective Effects in Humans (1978)

Volunteer subjects with previous histories of cocaine use were administered cocaine hydrochloride intravenously or intranasally. There was a positive relationship between peak plasma concentration, physiological and subjective responses, and dose administered. The rate of cocaine disappearance after intravenous administration paralleled the drop in physiological and subjective drug effects. After intranasal administration, blood levels remained elevated for a considerably longer period.
RAD51 as a potential surrogate marker for DNA repair capacity in solid malignancies (2017)

Targeting deficient mechanisms of cellular DNA repair still represents the basis for the treatment of the majority of solid tumors, and increased DNA repair capacity is a hallmark mechanism of resistance not only to DNA-damaging treatments such as cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy, but also to small molecule targeted drugs such as inhibitors of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Hence, there is substantial medical need for potent and convenient biomarkers of individual response to DNA-targeted treatment in personalized cancer care. RAD51 is a highly conserved protein that catalyzes DNA repair via homologous recombination, a major DNA repair pathway which directly modulates cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging treatments. The clinical and biological significance of RAD51 protein expression is still under investigation. Pre-clinical studies consistently show the important role of nuclear RAD51 immunoreactivity in chemo- and radioresistance. Validating data from clinical trials however is limited at present, and some clinical studies show controversial results. This review gives a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge about the prognostic and predictive value of RAD51 protein expression and genetic variability in patients with solid malignancies.
Moving Object Detection Based on Adaptive Background Model (2007)

With the acceleration of urbanization,automobile becomes more and more popular and people are enjoying the convenience that offer;however,people are trapped in the bewilderment of traffic congestion.Along with the computer hardware technology and the computer vision technology development,a computer vision-based traffic monitoring system has become possible.The main task for most a computer vision-based traffic monitoring application system is to identify the moving objects form a video sequence.To solve this problem,authors present a new statistics description of the whole background scene based on the video sequence,establish an effective algorithm for moving object detection.This method can adapt to the changing background with high robustness and excellent real time performance.
On a Darkling Plain (1948)

Journal Article On a Darkling Plain Get access On a Darkling Plain. The Art and Thought of Thomas Hardy. By Harvey Curtis Webster. University of Chicago Press: Cambridge. 17s. 6d. Margaret Willy Margaret Willy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 7, Issue 39, Autumn 1948, Pages 142–143, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/7.39.142 Published: 01 October 1948
Experimental study on repair of round skin wound with four-point purse suture method (2002)

Objective To investigate the repairing effect of four point purse suture on round skin wound. Methods Totally,18 round skin defects of 3 cm in diameter on breast and back were made on 3 swine.They were sutured in different ways,including the four point purse suture,to close the wounds.After this,the healing process of the wounds was observed. Results Wound surfaces looked flat,smooth and were in good shape in those receiving four point purse string suture and this method plus 4 edge triangle resection.There was no need to remove the additional normal tissues on the margin.These two suture options were comparatively superior to the others. Conclusions Four point purse string suture could be regarded as a better method to close round skin wound.
Proton magnetic resonance of human milk (1958)

Methods are described for determining the proton magnetic resonance spectra and proton magnetic spinlattice relaxation time of human milk at various periods after childbirth. (C.H.)
Virus Detection using Artificial Neural Networks (2013)

A virus is defined as a program that spreads or replicates by copying itself, and generally has malicious effects. The antivirus systems used today mainly detect malware on the basis of known virus patterns, making detection of a new virus very difficult. This deficiency can be overcome by training an artificial neural network with the inputs from Portable Executable (PE) Structure of executable files, as they learn from the training data and will be able to identify unknown virus patterns. PE Structure contains various fields by which one can identify virus infected executable files from the legitimate ones without executing them, and Fisher Score can be used to select the most relevant features (fields) to speed up the analysis. A new technique of identifying virus infected files by using Fisher Score and applying them as input to the neural network is proposed.
Structure-property relationships in polyurethanes from lignin (1983)

Lignin based polyurethane films were synthesized by solution casting from hydroxypropyl lignins and diisocyanates. Kraft and steam explosion lignin, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), were used for the study. It was found necessary to use stoichiometric excess amounts of diisocyanates in the synthesis of the thermosetting polyurethanes. The investigation primarily addresses the effect of synthesis variables and soft segment incorporation on the thermal and mechanical properties. The first part of the study examined the effect of lignin type, of diisocyanate type and of composition (NCO/OH ratio). Stoichiometric excess was found to cause a significant increase in the glass transition temperature. Use of HDI resulted in films with lower moduli as compared to TDI. NCO/OH stoichiometry variation had no noticeable effect on modulus or tensile strength. In the second part of the study involving incorporation of soft segments, four polyethylene glycols were used. No soft segment phase in the network was detectable by differential scanning calorimetry or dynamic mechanical analysis. The glass transition temperature of lignin phase dropped by as much as 70°C for HDI and 115°C for TDI based polyurethanes with inclusion of glycols up to 25% of the polyol weight. The swelling tendencies showed an expected increase with glycol content. Effect on mechanical properties were more pronounced in HOI than in TDI based polyurethanes. The modulus and tensile strength decreased, and the ultimate strain values increased with polyethylene glycol content. Last part of the study involved synthesis and characterization of kraft polyurethanes with polybutadiene glycol with functionality in excess of 2.0. The miscibility of this phase with hydroxypropyl lignin phase was found to be poor as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Glass transition temperature for the lignin phase increased with polybutadiene glycol content of the polyurethane in contrast to observations on polyethylene glycol modified polyurethanes. There were no significant improvements in tensile properties. The incompatibility of soft segments was seen to result in a more condensed lignin phase, and was thus found to be the major limitation in its applicability in modification of the network properties. The study demonstrates the utility of concept of network modification in the synthesis of lignin based thermosetting polyurethanes. By proper choice of synthesis variables, and with the use of glycols of sufficient compatibility, significant improvements in properties can be realised in these polyurethanes.
Microstrip antennas covered with dielectric materials (2003)

A dielectric cover is usually added on top of a microstrip antenna to protect the antenna from environmental damage. The effects of a dielectric cover on the characteristics of circular and annular ring patch antennas are investigated. The theoretical results are derived from the conventional Hankel transform analysis. Some experimental data are also obtained to verify the theory. In general, it is found that when the thickness of the cover is increased, the resonant frequency decreases monotonically. It is also observed that the half-power bandwidth only changes slightly with the superstrate thickness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Réflexions sur « la communication en tant que champ d’études » (2009)

CTF a été largement cité dans la documentation scientifique et a contribué à l’enseignement de la théorie de la communication par le biais de son utilisation dans des recueils de textes afin d’offrir une vue d’ensemble du champ. Cependant, à ce jour, son influence sur la théorie de la communication a été plutôt diffuse. L’article est le plus souvent cité comme un geste à l’égard du champ dans sa totalité ou à l’égard de l’une ou l’autre des fameuses « sept traditions ». De manière encore plu...
Single Nanowire Electrode Electrochemistry of Silicon Anode by in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy: Solid Electrolyte Interphase Growth and Mechanical Properties (2014)

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have attracted great attention as promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) on account of their high capacity and improved cyclability compared with bulk silicon. The interface behavior, especially the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), plays a significant role in the performance and stability of the electrodes. We report herein an in situ single nanowire atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to investigate the interface electrochemistry of silicon nanowire (SiNW) electrode. The morphology and Young's modulus of the individual SiNW anode surface during the SEI growth were quantitatively tracked. Three distinct stages of the SEI formation on the SiNW anode were observed. On the basis of the potential-dependent morphology and Young's modulus evolution of SEI, a mixture-packing structural model was proposed for the SEI film on SiNW anode.
Use of Diverse Delayed Correlation for an ML Carrier Frequency Offset Estimator in OFDM-Based IEEE 802.11a WLANs (2005)

Estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is an important issue in the design of a WLAN receiver that employs OFDM techniques. In this paper, a new and efficient CFO estimation scheme that uses the ten short training symbols specified in the IEEE 802.11a standard is proposed. This scheme, which we call DDC-ML, makes use of a diverse delayed correlation (DDC) skill in the ML estimator. We show that by using DDC-ML to estimate the CFO both large range and low variance of estimation error (VOER) can be attained. For AWGN channels under moderate signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions, a mathematical analysis is developed to evaluate the VOER resulted from a CFO ML estimator that uses delayed correlation (DC-ML). The analysis was corroborated via simulations, and compared with the formulated Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). An optimum parameter combination for DC-ML estimator that can achieve minimum VOER was obtained. VOER for the DDC-ML operated in a multipath environment is also investigated via simulations. In addition, a new ambiguity resolution algorithm (ARA) for the DDC-ML is introduced and probability of false resolution is presented. Performances of DC-ML and DDC-ML are compared in terms of probability of estimation error.
Stereo Matching Based on Random Speckle Projection for Dynamic 3D Sensing (2012)

Real-time 3D sensing has many important applications in areas such as robotic navigation, virtual reality and human-computer interaction. A variety of techniques have been developed for the determination of 3D geometry information such as binocular vision, structured light and their combination. However, existing non-contact optical 3D sensing approaches have their own limitations in the process of 3D information calculation. The reliability of binocular vision is limited to textures of the object surface, and the measuring accuracy of the method based on structured-light projection is limited to the stability of the light generator and the number of projected images. In this paper, we will combine random speckle projection with stereo matching algorithms to study the related problems on 3D measurement in the scene. An unique random speckle pattern is projected to encode the object surface to reduce the influence of projector flickering, and improve the accuracy of stereo matching. Besides, we take advantage of temporal consistency to reduce the range of disparity updating to improve the speed of 3D sensing further. The tests performed on real captured images confirm the validity of our approach.
A Risky Business? Research, Policy, Governmentality and Youth Offending (2004)

Media hyperbole about children and crime, along with electoral politics, may well reflect a configuration of personal anxieties, competing social values and public policy options. In this article, I will argue that it is a configuration that represents a crisis of governance far more than a crisis of ‘youth’. However, the research community is far from blameless in the propagation of ‘myths’ about children and crime and has shown itself to be far too willing to become yet another mechanism of governmentality rather than maintaining critical distance from the administrative policies of the state and thereby contributing to a wider public debate on policy. This article is divided into four parts. First, it will briefly review recent trends in youth offending and consider the contradiction that seems to be exposed between offending rates and criminal justice policies. Second, it will explore how research on young people and ‘risk’ has contributed to the growth of a crime prevention industry focused on children, the construction of deviance and early intervention policies. Third, this dominant ‘risk factor’ paradigm is critiqued, along with the discourses of crime that are implicit within it. Finally, an alternative approach to researching children and ‘risk’ is proposed.
Trip-Based Public Transit Routing (2015)

We study the problem of computing all Pareto-optimal journeys in a public transit network regarding the two criteria of arrival time and number of transfers taken. We take a novel approach, focusing on trips and transfers between them, allowing fine-grained modeling. Our experiments on the metropolitan network of London show that the algorithm computes full 24-hour profiles in 70ms after a preprocessing phase of 30s, allowing fast queries in dynamic scenarios.