gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Silver 1994 (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biologische Qualität: Mögliche Auswirkungen biologisch erzeugter Lebensmittel auf die menschliche Gesundheit (2006)

The greatly increased market share of organic food, has prompted increasing interest in investigating whether there are actual differences in the effects of organic and conventional food on health. Previous studies have focussed on composition analyses and have therefore not been able to provide definitive proof for differences between these two food production systems in terms of long-term impact on human health. Also the designs of some of these studies were inadequate to provide proof for definite composition differences. There are virtually no human dietary intervention and cohort studies, which can provide definite proof for potential health impacts.
When taking into account the present knowledge in nutrition, toxicology, physiology and ecological science, there are ample examples that the methods used for production of food do impact on food composition or other aspects of food quality, and that these differences are large enough to make a real difference for the consumer in terms of health. Fertilisation methods affect the composition of plant foods, and also the risks of contamination by mycotoxin-producing fungi. Feed and housing similarly affect the composition and microbiology of animal foods. Our understanding of what is good or bad for health advances continuously, and in several cases new data have overturned old dogmas, which were revealed to have been based on (wrong) assumptions rather than good science.
For example, probably due to the generally lower availability of nitrogen to the plants, levels of certain secondary metabolites in organic fresh plant foods are consistently higher than in corresponding conventional products (typically 10-50% more).
Based on epidemiological data, the increase in life expectancy by a doubling of the intake of (conventional) vegetables has been estimated to 1-2 years. So if the bioactive secondary metabolites are responsible for this effect, changing to organic vegetables without changing intake will increase the life span by 1-12 months. 
While the differences between production methods are likely to cause general differences in food quality between organic and conventional products, many of the methods that benefit food quality are not necessarily restricted to either organic or conventional systems. Understanding the links between production methods and food quality therefore allows improvement of the products of any system, whether organic or conventional.
Laboratory chemical remanent magnetization in a natural claystone: a record of two magnetic polarities (2004)

A record of two magnetic polarities during the acquisition by heating of a laboratory chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) in a natural pyrite-rich claystone was investigated. The samples were heated for 22 hr at 250 • C in a controlled magnetic field (1.0 mT) under an argon atmosphere. We interpret the origin of CRM as the surface oxidation of pyrite to magnetite, which in turn is progressively oxidized into haematite. We carried out experiments under a constant-polarity magnetic field and under two opposite polarities. The resulting CRM was measured after cooling in zero field: it is parallel to the applied field and has the direction of the last polarity. Thermal demagnetization under an argon atmosphere isolates an unexpected lowunblocking-temperature component (T UB < 220 • C). This component probably results from thermal alteration of magnetic carriers during subsequent thermal demagnetization. In the onepolarity experiments, thermal demagnetization of CRM above 220 • C isolates a well-defined component parallel to the imparted field direction. In the experiments with two magnetic polarities thermal demagnetization of CRM reveals two components of opposite polarity. The component which is parallel to the direction of the last applied field is well defined, while the other component, which has the polarity of the first applied field, is ill defined. Oppositely directed components are also detected by using alternating field demagnetization.
Attitude Estimation for a Fixed-Wing Aircraft Using Horizon Detection and Optical Flow (2007)

We develop a method for estimating the flight critical parameters of pitch angle, roll angle and the three body rates using horizon detection and optical flow. We achieve this through the use of an image processing front-end to detect candidate horizon lines through the use of morphological image processing and the Hough transform. The optical flow of the image for each candidate line is calculated, and using these measurements, we are able to estimate the body rates of the aircraft. Using an Extended Kalman Filter (EFK), the candidate horizon lines are propagated and tracked through successive image frames, with statistically unlikely horizon candidates eliminated. Results qualitativly describing the performance of the image processing front-end on real datasets are presented, followed by an analysis of the improvement when utilising the motion model of the vehicle.
MEMS-based passive wireless respiration profile sensor (2016)

In this paper we present a sensor that wirelessly records the breathing profile of the human respiratory system. The sensor works passively and does not contain a power source. Furthermore, it is lightweight, robust and flexible making it ideal as a wearable monitoring device. The sensor is made of a ~902MHz thin film piezoelectric-on-substrate (TPoS) MEMS resonator and an ultra-high frequency (UHF) antenna made of a thin metal film formed on a flexible substrate. The resonance frequency of the TPoS resonator shifts in response to the inhaled/exhaled air flow and a wireless detection technique is utilized to sense the frequency shift and to translate it into the respiration profile. The Respiration profile of a subject is measured and presented for a sensor-to-transceiver distance of ~25cm.
Hot Tube Atomic Absorption Spectrochemistry (1968)

A small, commercially available atomic absorption instrument is used with a heated graphite tube for the atomic absorption analysis of liquid and solid silver samples. Operating conditions of the furnace are described and a sensitivity of about 5 ng of silver is reported.
Stored xylem sap from wheat and barley in drying soil contains a transpiration inhibitor with a large molecular size (1993)

ABSTRACT Xylem sap was collected from wheat and barley growing in a drying soil, and the effect of the sap on transpiration was detected by a bioassay with detached wheat leaves. The inhibitory activity of fresh sap was small, and could be largely accounted for by the abscisic acid content (about 2×10 ‐5 mol m ‐3 ). When fresh sap was stored at ‐20°C for several days, the activity increased. Maximum activity developed after a week. This increase in activity was due to a compound that increased in size with storage at ‐20°C. When fresh sap was fractionated with filters of different molecular size exclusion characteristics, and the separated fractions stored at ‐20°C for a week, activity developed only in the fraction containing compounds smaller than 0·3 kDa. However, when sap already stored at ‐20°C was fractionated, activity was only in fractions containing compounds larger than 0·3 kDa. The increase in activity and in size did not occur with storage in liquid nitrogen (‐196°C) or at ‐80°C. These results suggest that storage at ‐20°C causes the aggregation or polymerization of a small compound with low activity to form a large compound with high activity. This change is not catalysed by an enzyme because it can occur in a fraction from which molecules larger than 0·3 kDa are removed. It is probably promoted by high solute concentrations when ice crystals form. Sap collected from plants in soils of high water potential had little or no activity after storage at ‐20°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Dynamics Studies of Sorbates in Zeolites: Water in Ferrierite (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibody-mediated killing of human tumor cells by attached effector cells. (1988)

Cultured human melanoma, lung carcinoma, and colon carcinoma cells were isotope labeled and incubated with a combination of effector cells and mouse monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated cell surface antigens. The former were derived from the peritoneal cavity of mice or from peripheral blood of healthy human subjects. Monoclonal antibodies MG-21, 96.5, and L6, which are IgG3, IgG2a, and IgG2a, respectively, were all cytolytic when added in the presence of mouse effector cells to target cells expressing the relevant antigens. MG-21 and L6 were cytolytic also with human effector cells, while monoclonal antibody 96.5 was not. The effector cells attached to plastic surfaces, stained with neutral red, were peroxidase positive and mediated their effect over a 24- to 72-h time period as compared to the 4 h generally sufficient for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. In tests on human effector cells with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, they stained with antibody LCM-3C10 to the CD14 antigen, as well as with antimonocyte antibody 61D3. The cytolytic effect of human effector cells and antitumor antibody was not abolished by incubation with antibodies FC2 or 60.3 to CD16 and CD18, respectively, known to interfere with the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity and natural killing of natural killer cells. This suggests, together with the other findings, that the effector cells were macrophages.
The Yeast hsp70 Homologue Ssa Is Required for Translation and Interacts with Sis1 and Pab1 on Translating Ribosomes (2001)

The 70-kDa heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that participate in a variety of cellular functions. This chaperone function is stimulated by interaction with hsp40 proteins. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the essential hsp40 homologue, SIS1, appears to function in translation initiation. Mutations in ribosomal protein L39 (rpl39) complement loss-of-function mutations in SIS1 as well as PAB1 (poly(A)-binding protein), suggesting a functional interaction between these proteins. However, while a direct interaction between Sis1 and Pab1 is not detectable, both of these proteins physically interact with the essential Ssa (and not Ssb) family of hsp70 proteins. This interaction is mediated by the variable C-terminal domain of Ssa. Subcellular fractionations demonstrate that the binding of Ssa to ribosomes is dependent upon its C terminus and that its interaction with Sis1 and Pab1 occurs preferentially on translating ribosomes. Consistent with a function in translation, depletion of Ssa protein produces a general translational defect that appears similar to loss of Sis1 and Pab1 function. This translational effect of Ssa appears mediated, at least in part, by its affect on the interaction of Pab1 with the translation initiation factor, eIF4G, which is dramatically reduced in the absence of functional Ssa protein.
Unsupervised Transfer Learning for Spoken Language Understanding in\n Intelligent Agents (2018)

User interaction with voice-powered agents generates large amounts of\nunlabeled utterances. In this paper, we explore techniques to efficiently\ntransfer the knowledge from these unlabeled utterances to improve model\nperformance on Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) tasks. We use Embeddings\nfrom Language Model (ELMo) to take advantage of unlabeled data by learning\ncontextualized word representations. Additionally, we propose ELMo-Light\n(ELMoL), a faster and simpler unsupervised pre-training method for SLU. Our\nfindings suggest unsupervised pre-training on a large corpora of unlabeled\nutterances leads to significantly better SLU performance compared to training\nfrom scratch and it can even outperform conventional supervised transfer.\nAdditionally, we show that the gains from unsupervised transfer techniques can\nbe further improved by supervised transfer. The improvements are more\npronounced in low resource settings and when using only 1000 labeled in-domain\nsamples, our techniques match the performance of training from scratch on\n10-15x more labeled in-domain data.\n
ROTURA UTERINA EN PACIENTES SIN CICATRIZ UTERINA (2002)

La rotura uterina se presenta habitualmente en pacientes con cicatriz de cesreas previas, siendo la rotura de un tero sin cicatriz un fenmeno infrecuente, pero de graves consecuencias para
AP-1 Activated by Toll-like Receptors Regulates Expression of IL-23 p19 (2009)

Interleukin (IL)-23, a new member of the IL-12 family, plays a central role in the Th17 immune response and in autoimmune diseases. It is clear that activated macrophages and dendritic cells produce IL-23, but the molecular mechanisms whereby inflammatory signals stimulate IL-23 expression are not fully understood. We demonstrate that induction of IL-23 p19 gene expression by LPS depends on the TLR4 and MyD88 pathways. All three MAPK pathways (ERK, JNK, and p38) that are activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were shown to exert a positive effect on p19 expression. We cloned a 1.3-kb putative p19 promoter and defined its transcription initiation sites by the 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. By analyzing IL-23 p19 promoter mutants, we have identified a promoter region (-413 to +10) that contains several important elements, including NF-kappaB and AP-1. In addition to NF-kappaB, we have demonstrated that the proximal AP-1 site is important for p19 promoter activation. Mutation of the AP-1 site resulted in the loss of p19 promoter activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis showed that c-Jun and c-Fos bind to the AP-1 site, which was confirmed by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, co-transfection of c-Jun and ATF2 synergistically induced p19 promoter activation, and c-Jun and ATF2 formed a protein complex, demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from IL-10-deficient mice expressed significantly higher IL-23 p19 than macrophages from wild type mice, and the addition of recombinant IL-10 strongly inhibited LPS-induced p19 expression. Thus, this study suggests that MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling induces IL-23 p19 gene expression through both MAPKs and NF-kappaB.
HiCMA: Hierarchical Computations on Manycore Architectures library (2016)

The Hierarchical Computations on Manycore Architectures library (HiCMA) aims to tackle the challenge that is facing the linear algebra community due to an unprecedented level of on-chip concurrency, introduced by the manycore era. HiCMA is a high performance numerical library, which implements hierarchical numerical algorithms (e.g., matrix computations, eigenvalue decomposition, H-matrix, FMM, etc.) on emerging architectures. The hierarchy expression of the algorithms allows to enhance data locality (communication-reducing), while still ensuring embarrassingly parallel workloads (synchronization-reducing). The core idea is to redesign the numerical algorithms and to formulate them as successive calls to hierarchical computational tasks, which are then scheduled on the underlying system using a dynamic runtime system to ensure load balancing. The algorithm is then represented as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), where nodes represent hierarchical tasks and edges show the data dependencies between them.
Synthese und Reaktionen von <i>N</i>‐(Chlorcarbonyl)keten‐N,S‐acetalen (1975)

Abstract Durch Phosgenierung von Thioacetimidsäureestern 1 in Gegenwart tertiärer Amine werden N ‐(Chlorcarbonyl)keten‐N,S‐acetale 3 erhalten. Hierbei handelt es sich um bifunktionelle Verbindungen, die sowohl an der Chlorcarbonyl‐ als auch an der Ketenacetal‐Gruppierung weiter umgesetzt werden können. Nur an der Chlorcarbonylgruppe gelingt die Umsetzung mit Phenolen und Thiolen zu N‐substituierten Carbamaten 9 und Thiocarbamaten 10 , in denen das Stickstoffatom mit dem 1‐(Alkylthio)vinylrest substituiert ist, der im wäßrigen Medium als Thioessigsäureester abgespalten wird. Dies läßt sich zur chemischen Maskierung von biologisch aktiven Verbindungen ausnutzen, denen eine Carbamat‐ oder Thiocarbamatstruktur zugrunde liegt.
Pflanzliche Antiemetika. Inhaltsstoffe, Molekulare Wirkmechanismen und Klinische Evidenz (2007)

Abstract In Mitteleuropa werden viele Medizinalpflanzen gegen Übelkeit und Erbrechen verwendet. Pflanzenextrakte mit reinen oder aromatischen Bitterstoffen, ätherischem Öl oder anderen speziellen Wirkstoffen können Verdauungsstörungen verringern, Magen‐ und Darmkrämpfe lindern und/oder gegen spezifische Gehirn‐ oder Magenrezeptoren wirken, die Erbrechen auslösen. Die Wirkungen von Cannabis sativa und Zingiber officinale , die in der traditionellen Medizin Anwendung bei Erbrechen finden, sind durch klinische Studien abgesichert. Jedoch sind über die Wirkung und den Wirkungsmechanismus von Pflanzenextrakten und deren Inhaltsstoffen gegenüber Rezeptoren, die im Geschehen von Übelkeit und Erbrechen eine Rolle spielen, wie z.B. die 5‐HT 3 ‐, 5‐HT 4 , M 3 ‐ oder H 3 ‐Rezeptoren, noch wenig gesicherte Erkenntnisse vorhanden. Diese Tatsache weist auf die Bedeutung weiterführender Forschung auf diesem Gebiet hin.
ChemInform Abstract: BUTOXYCHLORCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZOTRIENE (1973)

Abstract Im Hexachlorcyclotriphosphazotrien (I) lassen sich durch Natriumbutylat (II) in Tetrahydrofuran vier und fünf Chloratome gegen den Butoxylrest zu (III) austauschen.
PKCα Is Activated But Not Required During Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion From Rat Pancreatic Islets (2004)

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is controversial. Using recombinant adenoviruses for overexpression of PKC alpha and PKC delta, in both wild-type (WT) and kinase-dead (KD) forms, we here demonstrate that activation of these two PKCs is neither necessary nor sufficient for GSIS from batch-incubated, rat pancreatic islets. In contrast, responses to the pharmacologic activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were reciprocally modulated by overexpression of the PKC alpha WT or PKC alpha KD but not the corresponding PKC delta adenoviruses. The kinetics of the secretory response to glucose (monitored by perifusion) were not altered in either cultured islets overexpressing PKC alpha KD or freshly isolated islets stimulated in the presence of the conventional PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Go6976. However, the latter did inhibit the secretory response to TPA. Using phosphorylation state-specific antisera for consensus PKC phosphorylation sites, we also showed that (compared with TPA) glucose causes only a modest and transient functional activation of PKC (maximal at 2-5 min). However, glucose did promote a prolonged (15 min) phosphorylation of PKC substrates in the presence of the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Overall, the results demonstrate that glucose does stimulate PKC alpha in pancreatic islets but that this makes little overall contribution to GSIS.
L'accueil des jeunes enfants en Europe: vers des formes de gouvernance multilatérale et intégrée ? (2008)

In most European countries, the way collective action is conducted has been transformed. The role of the State has been redesigned and the participation of a diversity of stakeholders, from the public and the private (for-profit and non-profit) sectors, has been encouraged. These changes are at the core of Welfare State reforms and concern many social fields such as care services and childcare ones in particular. From this perspective, this article analyses the changes in childcare services provision and regulation with a focus on the interactions between public, non-profit and for-profit players and on the collective stakes generated by these evolutions.
iFACE: A 3D SYNTHETIC TALKING FACE (2001)

We present the iFACE system, a visual speech synthesizer that provides a form of virtual face-to-face communication. The system provides an interactive tool for the user to customize a graphic head model for the virtual agent of a person based on his/her range data. The texture is mapped onto the customized model to achieve a realistic appearance. Face animations are produced by using text stream or speech stream to drive the model. A set of basic facial shapes and head action is manually built and used to synthesize expressive visual speech based on rules.
Rhythmic interaction with a mobile device (2004)

We describe a rhythmic interaction mechanism for mobile devices. A PocketPC with a three degree of freedom linear acceleration meter is used as the experimental platform for data acquisition. Dynamic Movement Primitives are used to learn the limit cycle behavior associated with the rhythmic gestures. We outline the open technical and user experience challenges in the development of usable rhythmic interfaces.
Effect of Rib Density on Flow and Heat Transfer in an Internal Cooling Passage (2016)

Effect of rib density on mechanism of flow and heat transfer enhancement in an internally-cooled channel with rib turbulators have been investigated numerically. Based on the experimental setup in the previous study [32], flowfield and heat transfer coefficient distributions were predicted with LES approach. The rib pitch-to-height ratios were 3 and 11, and Reynolds number based on the channel hydraulic diameter and bulk velocity was set at 30,000. Comparison of time-averaged flow and heat transfer characteristics between numerical and experimental results showed that prediction accuracy of the present numerical setup was reasonable. The previous study [33] suggested that, for higher rib density, low-frequency velocity fluctuation characterizes heat transfer. To investigate its flow and heat transfer mechanism, instantaneous velocity and temperature fields were compared. For smaller rib density, small vortices constantly occurred from each rib and were dissipated into the mainstream before reaching the next rib. On the other hand, for higher rib density, relatively large vortex occurs above the ribs in addition to smaller vortices inside the cavity between the ribs. The large vortex occurs intermittently behind the second rib of the channel, and increases its size by interacting with smaller vortex downstream. For each rib pitch, similar trend was observed in the measured result obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry. This unsteady vortex structure would contribute to enhancing the heat transfer of a cooling channel with densely-arranged rib turbulators.
Apparatus and Procedure for Measuring the Absorption of Sound in Gases by the Tube Method (1953)

An apparatus for measuring the absorption of sound in gas mixtures has been developed and tested. The apparatus consists of a sound tube, a movable ribbon-type speaker, and a fixed condensor microphone. The absorption is determined by recording the sound pressure as the path length between the speaker and the microphone is increased. The measured attenuation coefficient is corrected for the effect of the tube and also for the attenuation due to the viscosity and heat conduction of the gas. Both frequency and pressure are variable and range from 2 to 10 kc and from 3 to 300 mm of Hg, respectively.