gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An image quality measure for image communication (2004)

In this paper, we propose an image quality measure that closely resembles the image quality measure used by the human visual system. In our application, we are more concerned with localized errors due to transmission than the global errors due to compression, and we develop an approach that is appropriate for this purpose. We use psychophysical experiments to determine the visibility threshold level for each frequency component of each image block. The visibility threshold levels are adjusted according to the background variation and intensity of the image block. Only those frequency components of an error that exceed the corresponding threshold level are included in the computation of the proposed image quality measure. The proposed image quality measure gives the PSNR of the errors that are visible to the eye and the percentage area of the extent of the visible errors in the image.
Types and Frequencies of Biliary Tract Variations Associated with a Major Portal Venous Anomaly: Analysis with Multi–Detector Row CT Cholangiography (2006)

Bile duct configurations in patients with portal vein variation were significantly different from those in control subjects.
Hydroxy Oximes as Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Sensors (2009)

Find and destroy: A series of oximes were constructed to simultaneously detect and detoxify organophosphorus-based nerve agents. They function as optical sensors employing the oxime reactivity and incorporating a β-hydroxyl group to undergo an intramolecular cyclization from the intermediate oxime–organophosphorus species. The generated isoxazole produces an enhanced fluorescent signal that reports on the presence and destruction of the nerve agent.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α reduces inflammation and vascular leakage in a murine model of acute lung injury (2008)

Acute lung injury (ALI) still represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Beneficial effects have been described after activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha by fibrates such as WY 14,643 (WY) in inflammatory models. In the present study, the impact of WY was investigated in a model of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS)-induced ALI in mice. Intratracheal LPS challenge dose-dependently resulted in leukocyte invasion, protein leakage and release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha as well as macrophage inflammatory protein-2, prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane B(2) into the alveolar space after 8 and 24 h. Lung ventilator compliance was reduced at both time-points. In isolated perfused mouse lungs, platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced an acute increase in pulmonary artery pressure (P(pa)) and in capillary filtration coefficient (K(fc)). WY significantly improved all features of ALI in vivo and blunted the increase in K(fc) in isolated perfused mice lungs. In mice with genetic deletion of PPAR-alpha, all characteristics of ALI, P(pa), and K(fc) were not significantly different from wild-type mice but WY failed to improve ALI and PAF-induced increase in K(fc). Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha by WY 14,643 reduced acute lung injury and vascular leakage. Fibrates may possess beneficial effects in acute pulmonary diseases beyond their lipid-lowering capability.
Triple Lumbar Dermal Sinuses: Unusual Presentation of a Typically Solitary Midline Lesion (2009)

Triple dermal sinuses of the lumbosacral area in a single patient have never been described previously. Incomplete disjunction is suggested to cause this abnormality thereafter the orifice may be divided to three sinuses and some mesenchymal tissues separated the two proximal sinuses to a paramedian location.
Diurnal Study of Phytoplankton Pigments, an In Situ Study in East Sound, Washington (1961)

Office of Naval Research Contracts N8onr-520/III and Nonr-477(10), Project NR-083-012
Partial liquid ventilation: Effect of initial dose and redosing strategy in acute lung injury (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perfluorochemicals has been shown to be effective in treating acute respiratory failure in animal studies and human trials. To determine the influences of perfluorochemicals on initial dose and redosing strategy, we studied their effects on gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, and lung architecture. DESIGN: After lung injury was induced by repeated warm saline lavages, the animals were instilled endotracheally with different doses of perflubron during 5-10 mins in PLV-treated groups. The animals were randomized to five groups: PLV-12S (12 mL/kg perflubron, single dose), PLV-12M (12 mL/kg perflubron, multiple replacement doses), PLV-18S (18 mL/kg perflubron, single dose), PLV-18M (18 mL/kg perflubron, multiple replacement doses), and the control group (conventional mechanical ventilation only). Ventilator settings were kept constant during the 4-hr experiment. SETTING: An animal laboratory affiliated with Temple University School of Medicine. SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight New Zealand White juvenile rabbits (weight, 1.96 +/- 0.03 kg). INTERVENTIONS: Physiologic data were recorded every 30 mins. A constant volume (1.3 mL/kg/hr) of perflubron was replaced hourly in the PLV-12M and PLV-18M groups. The perflubron in the expired gas was measured with a thermal detector device. The hourly evaporative loss rate and the estimated residual perfluorochemical amount were calculated and analyzed. Histologic examinations of the lungs were performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All animals in the PLV-treated groups (PLV-12S, n = 4; PLV-12M, n = 5, PLV-18S, n = 5; PLV-18M, n = 4) demonstrated improvements in gas exchange and respiratory compliance that were significantly (p <.05) better than the control group (n = 8). However, the PLV-12S group demonstrated progressive deterioration after the initial improvement. The loss rate of perflubron did not differ among the PLV-treated groups (1.17 +/- 0.03 mL/kg/hr), but the residual perfluorochemical volume in the lungs decreased progressively and significantly in the PLV-12S and PLV-18S groups as a function of time (p <.05). Histologic examination showed good alveolar protection in the PLV-12M, PLV-18S, and PLV-18M groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the low initial dose (12 mL/kg, about two thirds the functional residual capacity volume of rabbits) of perflubron required hourly replacement to maintain the effects of PLV. With a high initial dose of 18 mL/kg perflubron (equal to a full functional residual capacity volume in rabbits), the responses are potentiated in both single and multiple dosing groups up to 4 hrs.
Displacement metrology based on grating imaging with a cylindrical lens array and a phase grating (2005)

A novel sensor for use in displacement metrology is proposed. The proposed displacement sensor is based on the grating imaging, which conventionally uses two amplitude gratings with rectangular apertures of fifty percent width of the period. In the conventional way, signal to noise ratio of displacement output is one of issues to be overcome for precise measurement because about seventy five percent of the illumination light is trapped by two amplitude gratings. On the other hand, in the proposed sensor a cylindrical lens array and a phase grating are applied as the first and the second grating, respectively. Therefore, the illumination light is trapped neither by the first grating nor the second grating except absorption. In our experiments, the cylindrical lens array with 200 μm period and the reflective sine phase grating with 100 μm period are used. Experimental results demonstrate that higher position resolution and higher accuracy of the displacement measurement is feasible by our proposal.
Separation Processes in Biotechnology (2020)

Edited to avoid duplication and favor comprehensiveness, 20 contributors detail the recovery, separation, and purification operations of bioprocess technology. Individual chapters in this classic yet still highly relevant work emphasize concepts that are becoming more and more important when applied to the large scale versions of techniques that are considered well established. Aside from fully discussing processes, Separation Processes in Biotechnology includes sections on concentration separation and operation, purification operations, and product release and recovery. It also discusses plant operation and equipment and delves into economic considerations
DFT Prediction of Ground-State Spin Multiplicity of Cyclobutane-1,3-diyls:  Notable Effects of Two Sets of Through-Bond Interactions (2003)

DFT calculations (UB3LYP/6-31+G**) have been performed to predict the substituent effect on the ground-state spin-multiplicity and the singlet-triplet energy gap in cyclobutane-1,3-diyls, CB-DR. The ground state is calculated to be largely dependent on the substituents (X, Y) at the C2 and C4 positions. The substituent effects can be reasonably explained by the two sets of through-bond (TB) interactions which result from the coupling between the symmetric nonbonding molecular orbital (Psi(S)) and the C-X (Y) sigma and sigma* orbitals.
Netilmicin and gentamicin multidose kinetics in normal subjects (1983)

Multidose netilmicin and gentamicin kinetics were studied in 20 healthy subjects who received 1.7 mg/kg gentamicin (n = 10) or netilmicin (n = 10) as a 20-min infusion every 8 hr for 10 days (28 doses) during a randomized, double-blind comparative trial designed to study adverse effects and kinetics of netilmicin and gentamicin. Multidose kinetics were of the same order for gentamicin and netilmicin with the exception of the terminal plasma t 1/2 (94 and 156 hr) and the volume of distribution at steady state (450 and 1072 ml/kg). Mean peak plasma concentrations of netilmicin were slightly lower than gentamicin. Percentage of the dose eliminated in urine did not differ for the two aminoglycosides. Aminoglycoside was detectable in plasma and continued to be eliminated in urine for at least 6 days after the final dose. The plasma concentration-time profiles for both netilmicin and gentamicin were well fitted with the sum of three exponential terms; urinary excretion rates-time plots showed biexponential decay. None of the subjects had any auditory, vestibular, or renal toxicity. Although the data confirm a deep tissue compartment, they suggest that the kinetic processes involved may be more complex than previously supposed.
OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN BLOOD AND INTRA-OCULAR FLUID AS INFLUENCED BY ANISOTONIC INJECTIONS (1933)

A survey of the knowledge concerning the nature of the intra-ocular fluid reveals a fairly complete acquaintance with the inorganic and organic constituents of the aqueous humor but a rather incomplete understanding of the physical forces involved in the maintenance of the physicochemical relationship between the intra-ocular fluid and its source—the blood. A contribution concerning the measurement of one of the several forces may aid in a better interpretation of the formation and utilization of the intra-ocular fluid. Hitherto the osmotic pressure of the aqueous humor has been measured on pooled fluids or indirectly. Recently, we 1 found it possible to measure the osmotic pressure of the aqueous humor and blood in animals by a method introduced by Hill. 2 This procedure made it possible to study the osmotic changes produced in the intra-ocular fluid by the introduction of anisotonic solutions into the blood stream. Previous investigations on the influence
Identifiability of local transmissibility parameters in agent-based pandemic simulation (2012)

Agent-based simulation is one of the approaches that can be applied to simulate the transmission of infectious disease such as influenza within a city. Several types of agents with different behaviours are allocated to a model city and the transmission between city residents is stochastically solved locally. Simulations corresponding to specific intervention measures are carried out. However, due to the large number of parameters in the simulation, which cannot be fully constrained by surveillance evidence and epidemiological knowledge, one sometimes judges candidate intervention measures from simulation results with arbitrarily fixed parameters. In the present study, we have conducted numerical experiments to estimate reproduction numbers (transmissibility parameters) in workplaces and in homes from pseudo-observation time-course data generated by a simulation run. This pseudo-observation is generated under the assumption that transmission in workplaces is more effective than in homes. The ratio of these numbers are considered to affect the response to intervention. Our experiments indicate that a profile consisting of the total number of patients is insufficient; rather, a role-specific profile is needed to reconstruct the assumption on the ratio of reproduction numbers.
40-in. OMS Kevlar(Registered Trademark) COPV S/N 007 Stress Rupture Test NDE (2010)

The presentation examines pretest nondestructive evaluation (NDE), including external/internal visual inspection, raman spectroscopy, laser shearography, and laser profilometry; real-time NDE including eddy current, acoustic emission (AE), and real-time portable raman spectroscopy; and AE application to carbon/epoxy composite overwrapped pressure vessels.
Limits on Spin-Charge Separation from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">h</mml:mi><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">e</mml:mi></mml:math>Fluxoids in Very Underdoped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2001)

Magnetic flux in superconductors is usually quantized in units of h/2e. Here we report scanning SQUID and scanning Hall probe studies of single fluxoids in high purity YBa2Cu3O6.35 crystals (T(c) less, similar 13 K), extending flux quantization studies to a region of the cuprate phase diagram where the superfluid density is sufficiently low that novel behavior has been predicted. Some scenarios in which superconductivity results from spin-charge separation predict h/e fluxoids in materials with low superfluid density. Our observations of only h/2e fluxoids set limits on these theories.
Asymmetric Field Profile in Bose Glass Phase of Irradiated<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Loss of Interlayer Coherence around<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>of Matching Field (2001)

Magneto-optical imaging in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) with tilted columnar defects (CD's) shows an asymmetric critical-state field profile. The observed hysteretic shift of the profile ridge (trough) from the center of the sample is explained by in-plane magnetization originating from vortex alignment along CD's. The extracted ratio of the in-plane to out-of-plane magnetization component has a maximum at 1/5 of matching field ( B(Phi)) and disappears above B(Phi)/3, suggesting a reduction of interlayer coherence well below B(Phi) in the Bose glass phase. Implications are discussed in comparison with the vortex liquid recoupling observed in irradiated Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+y).
Thermolabile H-2Kb Molecules Expressed by Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing-Deficient RMA-S Cells Are Occupied by Low-Affinity Peptides (1999)

RMA-S cells do not express functional TAP, yet they express MHC class I molecules at the cell surface, especially at reduced temperatures (26 degrees C). It is generally assumed that such class I molecules are "empty," devoid of any associated peptide. A radiochemical approach was used to label class I-associated peptides and to determine the extent to which Kb molecules in RMA-S cells are associated with peptides. These studies revealed that at 26 degrees C Kb molecules in RMA-S cells are occupied with self-peptides. Such peptides stably associate with Kb at 26 degrees C but easily dissociate from them at 37 degrees C, suggesting low-affinity interactions between Kb and the associated peptides. At 26 degrees C, at least some of these Kb molecules are stably expressed in a peptide-receptive state on the cell surface, whereas at 37 degrees C they are short lived and are only transiently capable of binding and presenting exogenously supplied OVA 257-264 peptide for presentation to CD8+ Kb-restricted T lymphocytes. Thus contrary to current models of class I assembly in TAP-deficient RMA-S cells, the presumably "empty" molecules are in fact associated with peptides at 26 degrees C. Together, our data support the existence of an alternative mechanism of peptide binding and display by MHC class I molecules in TAP-deficient cells that could explain their ability to present Ag.
Structural disorder in alkaline earth metal doped BaxMn[Fe(CN)6]2(x+1)/3·zH2O molecular magnets: a reverse Monte Carlo study (2010)

We report a detailed structural disorder study of the Ba(x)Mn[Fe(CN)(6)](2(x+1)/3)·zH(2)O (x = 0 and 0.3) molecular magnets by carrying out Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations of neutron diffraction data. Both samples have also been investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and dc magnetization techniques. Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns confirmed the single phase formation for both compounds in a face-centered cubic structure. IR spectral study establishes the presence of cyanide flipping in both compounds, thereby revealing inherent structural disorder in the compounds. A ferrimagnetic coupling of Mn(2+) (S = 5/2) spins and the Fe(3+) (S = 1/2) spins is found for both compounds. Results of RMC simulations of neutron diffraction data for both compounds show that: (i) around the coordinated oxygen atoms (located at the 24e crystallographic sites with [Fe(CN)(6)] vacancies), there are formations of small clusters of non-coordinated oxygen atoms; and (ii) Ba substitution leads to a reduction in this structural disorder. The role of reduced water content as well as vacancies of [Fe(CN)(6)] towards the observed reduction in the structural disorder is discussed.
Abstract P184: Is Home Blood Pressure More Strongly Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification Than Clinic Blood Pressure Measured Under an Appropriate Condition? (2016)

Background / Objective: A number of studies have shown that home blood pressure (HBP) is more strongly associated with atherosclerotic diseases than clinic blood pressure (CBP). In previous studies, however, measurement of CBP under suboptimal conditions might have undermined the usefulness of CBP for prediction of atherosclerotic diseases. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis to clarify whether HBP is more strongly associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) than strictly measured CBP among a general population of Japanese men. Methods: From 2006 to 2008, we recruited 1094 male participants randomly selected from the residents in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan. CBP was measured twice consecutively by a trained physician using electrical device after 5 minutes of complete rest in a sitting position in a silent room. The participants were asked to measure HBP with an electrical device once in the morning during the consecutive 7 days. HBP was measured in seated position after 2 minutes of rest, within an hour after waking up, after urination and before breakfast. The mean of 2 measurements of CBP and the mean of 7 days of HBP were used in the analysis. CAC was assessed using computed tomography. Presence of CAC was defined as Agatston score >10. After exclusion of 175 participants with missing data on HBP, CBP, or CAC, a total of 919 people were included into the present analysis. We calculated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for presence of CAC per one standard deviation (SD) increase of CBP and HBP, then compared by adding interaction terms to the statistical model. ORs were adjusted for age, body mass index, history of cardiovascular diseases, smoking, ethanol consumption, blood sugar, serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and use of medication (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus). Results: The mean systolic CBP (SD) and HBP (SD) were 136.8 (19.0) mmHg and 137.2 (18.5) mmHg, respectively. CBP and HBP were highly correlated (r = 0.74 P <0.001). The difference between CBP and HBP was not significant (P = 0.595). CAC was found in 454 (49.4%) participants. Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval) for presence of CAC were comparable between CBP (1.34 (1.14 - 1.58) per 1SD increase) and HBP (1.37 (1.16 - 1.62) per 1SD increase) (P heterogeneity = 0.819). When mean value of the first 2 days of HBP was used as a sensitivity analysis, we found almost the same results (P heterogeneity = 0.992). Similar results were also obtained for diastolic CBP and HBP (P heterogeneity = 0.968 for 7 days of HBP, 0.566 for 2 days of HBP). Conclusion: In conclusion, the association of CBP measured in an ideal condition with CAC was comparable with that of HBP.
Interaction of pyrophosphate with calcium phosphates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of pyrophosphate with calcium phosphatesT. V. Vasudevan, P. Somasundaran, C. L. Howie-Meyers, D. L. Elliott, and K. P. AnanthapadmanabhanCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 1, 320–325Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00013a047https://doi.org/10.1021/la00013a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Materials Based on Molybdate and Piperazinium Cations: Influence of the Synthesis Conditions on the Chemical Composition and Characterizations of the Photochromic Properties. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.