gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Adaptive Segmentation of Moving Objects Based on Spatio-Temporal Information. (2003)

Abstract. This paper suggests a novel segmentation algorithm for separating moving objects from the background in video sequences without any prior information of the sequence nature. We formulate the problem as a connectivity analysis of region adjacency graph (RAG) based on temporal information. The nodes of the RAG represent homogeneous regions and the edges represent temporal information, which is obtained by frames comparison iterations. Connectivity analysis of the RAG nodes is performed after each frames comparison by a breadth first search (BFS) based algorithm. The set of nodes, which achieve maximum weight of theirs surrounding edges are considered as moving object. The number of comparisons that are needed for temporal information is automatically determined. 1.
National Campaign for early diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Brazil (2004)

8561 Background: The incidence of retinoblastoma is higher in developing countries than in Europe and United States. In some developing countries, incidence rates per million may be two to six times higher or even more, since very little information is available from rural areas, where retinoblastoma appears to be particularly common. This tumor is characterized by a rapid growth rate. When the disease is detected at early stages and confined to the eye, children have a good prognosis. However, in children with disease that extents beyond the eye, specially to distant parts of the body, the five-year disease free survival is poor. The percentage of children with extraocular disease at diagnosis is much higher in developing countries (approximately 35 to 50%). Methods: The commonest early sign observed in children is leukocoria (cat's eye reflex). This easy sign to recognize offer a unique opportunity to call attention for retinoblastoma when it is still curable. Therefore a National Campaign for early diagnosis of Retinoblastoma in Brazil was initiated in September 2002 with the support of TUCCA (Children Brain Tumor Association) and INCTR(International Network for Cancer and Treatment Research). The campaign includes educational material for the population, for the primary health care workers and for ophtalmologists. A toll free number is available for information to the entire country. The video is on in different public channels in Brazil and was translated to 10 different languages. Results: More than 20 cases were already diagnosed through the campaign Conclusions: The initiative is cost effective. This experience can be a model to other coutries with similar problems. Routine dilated funduscopic examination is recommended. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Drug-loaded red blood cell-mediated clearance of HIV-1 macrophage reservoir by selective inhibition of STAT1 expression (2003)

Current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) cannot eliminate HIV-1 from infected persons, mainly because of the existence of refractory viral reservoir(s). Beyond latently-infected CD4+-T lymphocytes, macrophages (M/M) are important persistent reservoirs for HIV in vivo, that represent a major obstacle to HIV-1 eradication. Therefore, a rational therapeutic approach directed to the selective elimination of long-living HIV-infected M/M may be relevant in the therapy of HIV infection. Here we report that HIV-1 chronic infection of human macrophages results in the marked increase of expression and phosphorylation of STAT1, a protein involved in the regulation of many functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, thereby providing a new molecular target for drug development. A single and brief exposure to 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate (FaraAMP, Fludarabine), a potent antileukemic nucleoside analog active against STAT1 expressing cells, selectively kills macrophage cultures infected by HIV-1 without affecting uninfected macrophages. Furthermore, encapsulation of Fludarabine into autologous erythrocytes (RBC) and targeting to macrophages through a single-18 h treatment with drug-loaded RBC, not only abolishes the Fludarabine-mediated toxic effect on non-phagocytic cells, but also enhances the selective killing of HIV-infected macrophages. As a final result, a potent (>98%) and long-lasting (at least 4 weeks without rebound) inhibition of virus release from drug-loaded RBC-treated chronically-infected macrophages was achieved. Taken together, the evidence of HIV-1-induced increase of STAT1, and the availability of a selective drug targeting system, may prove useful in the design of new pharmacological treatments to clear the HIV-1 macrophage reservoir.
Pyracenebis(imidazolylidene): A New Janus-Type Biscarbene and Its Coordination to Rhodium and Iridium (2012)

A pyracene-linked bis-azolium compound has been obtained from the bis-annulation of tetrakis(iminopyracene) (TIP) with chloromethyl methyl ether. The resulting bis-azolium salt was readily coordinated to rhodium and iridium, affording bis-NHC complexes with 2-fold symmetry. The X-ray structural characterization of the Rh complex containing the pyracenebis(imidazolylidene) ligand is also reported. The new bis-NHC ligand consists of two linearly opposed (Janus-type) imidazolylidenes annulated to both sides of a pyracene skeleton.
Sigma-1 receptor stimulation by dehydroepiandrosterone ameliorates cognitive impairment through activation of CaM kinase II, protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in olfactory bulbectomized mice (2011)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is one of the most abundant neurosteroids synthesized de novo in the CNS. We here found that sigma-1 receptor stimulation by DHEA improves cognitive function through phosphorylation of synaptic proteins in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mouse hippocampus. We have previously reported that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were impaired in OBX mouse hippocampus. OBX mice were administered once a day for 7-8 days with DHEA (30 or 60 mg/kg p.o.) 10 days after operation. The spatial, cognitive and conditioned fear memories in OBX mice were significantly improved as assessed by Y-maze, novel object recognition and passive avoidance task, respectively. DHEA also improved impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation in OBX mice. Notably, DHEA treatment restored PKCα (Ser-657) autophosphorylation and NR1 (Ser-896) and myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (Ser-152/156) phosphorylation to the control levels in the hippocampal CA1 region. Likewise, DHEA treatment improved CaMKIIα (Thr-286) autophosphorylation and GluR1 (Ser-831) phosphorylation to the control levels in the CA1 region. Furthermore, DHEA treatment improved ERK and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (Ser-133) phosphorylation to the control levels. Finally, NE-100, sigma-1 receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited the DHEA-induced improvement of memory-related behaviors and CaMKII, PKC and ERK phosphorylation in CA1 region. Taken together, sigma-1 receptor stimulation by DHEA ameliorates OBX-induced impairment in memory-related behaviors and long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region through activation of CaMKII, PKC and ERK.
Application of a charge-injected device (CID) camera system for collimated beam angle measurements (1994)

The calibration of low background IR sensor systems require cryogenically cooled collimators. The need to characterize the output beam angle as a function of pointing position, cryogenic pressure, temperature and liquid level has always been difficult. Historically, manual theodolites have been used to measure these parameters. Because accuracy and repeatability of the manual measurement device is dependent upon user interpretation and manual coupling, the ability to measure small drifts with the thoedolite is not sufficient. The time required to manually characterize the output beam angle as a function of pointing position is so long that the drift of the beam angle begins to dominate the measurement error. A Charge Injection Device (CID) camera with very uniform focal plane pixel spacing and quality optics, can be used to very accurately monitor output beam angles in short intervals. This is accomplished by using sub-pixel centroiding techniques. Resolving a reimaged spot to 1/40 pixel accuracy is accomplished by using a weighted center of area calculation. Automated measurements have two advantages: they are faster, allowing for large numbers of measurements and higher resolution as well as removing human error, resulting in a better understanding of the pointing system. Using a 512 X 512 CID camera, angular resolution of 5 (mu) rad is achieved for a field of view of 6 degrees full angle. The potential for absolute accuracies of the same resolution is achievable if the stability and nonuniformities of the CID camera and optics are calibrated. Typical results obtained from a cryogenic system taken with the CID camera will be presented.
Detection of RTX toxin genes in gram-negative bacteria with a set of specific probes (1997)

The family of RTX (RTX representing repeats in the structural toxin) toxins is composed of several protein toxins with a characteristic nonapeptide glycine-rich repeat motif. Most of its members were shown to have cytolytic activity. By comparing the genetic relationships of the RTX toxin genes we established a set of 10 gene probes to be used for screening as-yet-unknown RTX toxin genes in bacterial species. The probes include parts of apxIA, apxIIA, and apxIIIA from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, cyaA from Bordetella pertusis, frpA from Neisseria meningitidis, prtC from Erwinia chrysanthemi, hlyA and elyA from Escherichia coli, aaltA from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and lktA from Pasteurella haemolytica. A panel of pathogenic and nonpathogenic gram-negative bacteria were investigated for the presence of RTX toxin genes. The probes detected all known genes for RTX toxins. Moreover, we found potential RTX toxin genes in several pathogenic bacterial species for which no such toxins are known yet. This indicates that RTX or RTX-like toxins are widely distributed among pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. The probes generated by PCR and the hybridization method were optimized to allow broad-range screening for RTX toxin genes in one step. This included the binding of unlabelled probes to a nylon filter and subsequent hybridization of the filter with labelled genomic DNA of the strain to be tested. The method constitutes a powerful tool for the assessment of the potential pathogenicity of poorly characterized strains intended to be used in biotechnological applications. Moreover, it is useful for the detection of already-known or new RTX toxin genes in bacteria of medical importance.
Identification of a Legionella pneumophila locus required for intracellular multiplication in human macrophages. (1992)

The legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular parasite. Its interaction with phagocytes has characteristics in common with several other intracellular parasites. Critical aspects of L. pneumophila intracellular multiplication are evasion of lysosomal host cell defenses and the presence of a nutritionally appropriate environment. Following phagocytosis, wild-type L. pneumophila multiply within a specialized phagosome which does not fuse with secondary lysosomes. Mutants which have lost the ability to grow within phagocytes no longer cause disease in animals, indicating that the capacity to multiply intracellularly is important for pathogenesis. One such mutant, 25D, has been shown to be defective in inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion. This phagolysosomal environment is not conducive to Legionella growth. We report the isolation of a region of the L. pneumophila genome (icm, intracellular multiplication) which restores the capacity of 25D to multiply in human macrophages. The complemented mutants also regain the capacity to interfere with phagosome-lysosome fusion and to cause lethal pneumonia in guinea pigs.
Light Output Power Enhancement of GaN-based Vertical Light Emitting Diodes via Fabricating Surface Nanorod Arrays (2008)

In this research, we demonstrated two approaches to fabricate nanorod arrays on the surface of GaN-based vertical light emitting diodes (VLEDs). The first approach was via synthesizing single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays in aqueous solution at room temperature. The light output intensity and wall-plug efficiency of the GaN-based VLEDs with the ZnO nanorod arrays shows 38.9 and 41.2% increases, respectively, at 200 mA current injections compared to that of a VLED without ZnO nanorod arrays. The second approach was formed by spinning nano silica spheres and inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching. The light output power of the VLEDs with the dry etched nanorod arrays showed about 40% enhancement than that without the nanorod arrays. The large enhancement of VLED with both ZnO or GaN nanorod arrays was mainly due to the total internal reflection destruction, and the gradually changed refractive index from the nanorod arrays layer.
Affectiva-MIT Facial Expression Dataset (AM-FED): Naturalistic and Spontaneous Facial Expressions Collected &#x0022;In-the-Wild&#x0022; (2013)

Computer classification of facial expressions requires large amounts of data and this data needs to reflect the diversity of conditions seen in real applications. Public datasets help accelerate the progress of research by providing researchers with a benchmark resource. We present a comprehensively labeled dataset of ecologically valid spontaneous facial responses recorded in natural settings over the Internet. To collect the data, online viewers watched one of three intentionally amusing Super Bowl commercials and were simultaneously filmed using their webcam. They answered three self-report questions about their experience. A subset of viewers additionally gave consent for their data to be shared publicly with other researchers. This subset consists of 242 facial videos (168, 359 frames) recorded in real world conditions. The dataset is comprehensively labeled for the following: 1) frame-by-frame labels for the presence of 10 symmetrical FACS action units, 4 asymmetric (unilateral) FACS action units, 2 head movements, smile, general expressiveness, feature tracker fails and gender, 2) the location of 22 automatically detected landmark points, 3) self-report responses of familiarity with, liking of, and desire to watch again for the stimuli videos and 4) baseline performance of detection algorithms on this dataset. This data is available for distribution to researchers online, the EULA can be found at: http://www.affectiva.com/facial-expression-dataset-am-fed/.
Incremental and parallel spatial association mining (2014)

Spatial association mining has been used for discovering frequent spatial association patterns from large static spatial databases. When a large spatial database is updated, it is computationally expensive to redo the pattern discovery process for the updated database. This work presents the problem of finding spatial association patterns incrementally from evolving databases which are constantly updated with fresh data. The proposed method is implemented on the MapReduce framework for large-scale spatial data processing, and empirically evaluated. The developed algorithm shows substantial performance improvements when compared with an iterative and non-incremental spatial association mining algorithm.
In Vitro Anesthetic Washin and Washout via Bubble Oxygenators (1988)

The uptake and elimination of volatile anesthetic agents administered to patients under conditions of hemodilution and hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass have not been determined. To define the limitations imposed by oxygenators, we defined washin and washout curves for volatile anesthetic agents administered to bubble oxygenators primed with diluted blood (without connection to a patient). There was rapid equilibration of anesthetic partial pressure between delivered gas and blood (85-90% within 16 minutes). Increasing the gas inflow to the oxygenator from 3 to 12 L/min hastened washin and washout slightly, while increasing the pump blood flow from 3 to 5 L/min had no effect. Rates of washin and washout of anesthetics differed as a function of their blood/gas solubilities: enflurane greater than isoflurane greater than halothane during washin; isoflurane greater than enflurane greater than halothane during washout. However, these differences were small. Oxygenator exhaust partial pressures of anesthetic correlated with simultaneously obtained blood partial pressures, suggesting that monitoring exhaust gas may be useful clinically.
Effective Tools for Analyzing Islet Graft Site in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate (NHP) Intraportal Islet Xenotransplantation. (2014)

Objective; Pig islets are alternative source in islet transplantation for treating human type 1 diabetes and its potential has been widely assessed in pig-to-NHP experiments. Currently, the liver is preferred transplantation site, however, post-transplantation monitoring tools to examine the graft site where pig islets are engrafted are limited. Here we present distal portion of biopsy specimen as versatile source for enabling simultaneous analysis of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR on the graft site. Methods; STZ-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys were transplanted with porcine islets isolated from Seoul National University (SNU) miniature pigs under anti-CD154 antibody-based immunosuppression. Blood glucose and porcine c-peptide were measured for 6 months. When blood glucose rose above normoglycemic levels (˜110 mg/dL), distal portion of the liver (2 cm wide and 1 cm high) was biopsied by celiotomy. Biopsy specimen was divided into two parts and each was subjected to immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. Results; Biopsy procedure resulted in brief rises of serum levels of liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, and CRP, but normalized within 3 days without deteriorating glycemic control. Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies for insulin, CD3, CD4, and CD8 revealed that β-cells in the porcine islets were strongly positive with insulin, but they were infiltrated with mainly CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells were seen to be located peripherally. Real-time PCR analysis on the same sample detected porcine insulin, glucagon, GLUT2, PDX-1 and rhesus granzyme B, perforin, CXCR3, CXCL10, CD4, CD8, IL-17, CD68, IFN-g, and CD20. Quantification of these gene copy numbers showed compatible data from immunohistochemistry. Conclusion; Biopsy by celiotomy did not deteriorate glycemic control after pig-to-NHP intraportal islet xenotransplantation. Simultaneous analyses on biopsy specimen by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR clearly showed snapshot of the islet graft site in the liver. Therefore, we propose that biopsy procedure is not detrimental to islet graft function, but rather effective to monitor immune responses in intraportal islet xenotransplantion.
Studies of the Toxic Effects of Norepinephrine on Isolated Cardiomyocytes of Guinea-Pigs (2011)

Catecholamines have been demonstrated to possess direct cardiotoxic effects mediated by oxygen free radicals in isolated organ preparations. In order to assess direct cytotoxic properties, the influence of exogenous noradrenaline (norepinephrine, CAS 51-41-2) (10(-6) mol/l) on isolated guinea-pigs cardiomyocytes was examined, in the presence of propranolol (10(-6) mol/l) and phentolamine (10(-6) mol/l) to inhibit adrenoceptor-mediated effects. Cell viability was assessed by morphologic examination (% of striated, rod-shaped cells), before and after a treatment period of 15 and 60 min by the measurement of intracellular enzyme activities in the supernatant of the suspension (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase). The proportion of viable, rod-shaped cardiomyocytes (21.6% +/- 7.6% after preparation, before starting the treatments) significantly decreased over the experimental time (p < 0.05) and, concomitantly, the activity of intracellular enzymes in the supernatant increased. There was no difference between controls and treated suspensions. Thus, there is no evidence for direct toxic effects of norepinephrine in micromolar concentration on isolated cardiomyocytes of guinea-pigs. However, cytoprotective effects by propranolol and/or phentolamine cannot be excluded in this model.
Plaque at RISK (PARISK): Prospective Multicenter Study to Improve Diagnosis of High-Risk Carotid Plaques (2013)

The combined primary end-point contains ipsilateral recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack or new ipsilateral ischemic brain lesions on follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Proton chemical shifts and diamagnetic anisotropy in cobalt(III) pentaammine complexes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton chemical shifts and diamagnetic anisotropy in cobalt(III) pentaammine complexesRichard Bramley, Inge I. Creaser, Denis J. Mackey, and Alan M. SargesonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 2, 244–248Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50180a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50180a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An enhanced stationary reference frame control for grid-connected distributed power generation systems (2010)

This paper presents an enhanced stationary reference frame control scheme that enables the grid-connected distributed power generation systems (DPGS) to provide high quality electric power under unbalanced input voltage conditions. In the proposed scheme, the positive and negative sequence components of currents are regulated based on stationary frame current references. Since the current references are expressed in α-β frame, proportional-resonant (PR) controllers are employed to achieve zero steady state error. Detailed mathematical derivation is presented. A fast and accurate active notch filter based (ANF-based) symmetrical component extractor is employed to extract the symmetrical components of the 3-phase voltages and currents. An extra module is introduced and added in order to enhance the system to compensate the grid harmonic currents. Simulations results verify the validity of the proposed control approach and its performance.