gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of SEM API on PWQ Wafer SEM Review (2012)

Process Window Qualification (PWQ) is a good and well-established method to find systematic defects with high sensitivity and to qualify new masks and OPC revisions. The PWQ methodology is utilized to provide an extensive defectivity characterization to determine the absolute best conditions for focus and dose. This is achieved by taking into account the defectivity in the whole die and capturing all potential systematic defects. [1] This in turn had driven to more and more SEM review on this kind of PWQ wafer in wafer foundry. Manual SEM review of this PWQ wafer is time consuming and spending a lot of man power. In this paper, a new method of reviewing the PWQ wafer with API method and how it helps to resolve the current manual SEM review limitations is introduced.
A 28 GHz Linear Power Amplifier Based on CPW Matching Networks with Series-Connected DC-Blocking Capacitors (2020)

In this paper, the influence of the DC-blocking capacitors leveraged in coplanar waveguide (CPW) matching networks is studied. CPW matching networks with series-connected DC-blocking capacitors are less sensitive to capacitance and are adopted in a 28 GHz power amplifier (PA). The PA targeting fifth-generation (5G) phased array is developed in 90 nm silicon-on-insulator complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (SOI CMOS) technology. A stacked field-effect-transistor (FET) architecture is elected in the output stage to boost the output power and reduce the die area. The PA with a core area of 0.31 mm2 demonstrates a maximum small signal gain of 13.7 dB and a −3 dB bandwidth of 6.3 GHz (22.9–29.2 GHz). The PA achieves a measured saturated output power (Psat) of 14.4 dBm and a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 25% for continuous wave signals. At 24/25.6/28 GHz, the PA achieves +7.87/+9.16/+10.7 dBm measured output power and 6.21%/8.11%/10.17% PAE at −25 dBc error vector magnitude(EVM) for a 250 MHz-wide 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (64-QAM). The developed linear PA provides a great potential for low-cost 5G phased array transceivers.
Resource Space Grid: model, method and platform: Research Articles (2004)

A Resource Space Grid is a virtual Grid that aims at effectively sharing, using and managing versatile resources across the Internet. The kernel of the Resource Space Grid includes a Resource Space Model (RSM) and a uniform Resource Using Mechanism (RUM). This paper presents the Resource Space Grid's core scientific issues and methodology, architecture, model and theory, design criteria and method, and practice. A normal form theory is proposed to normalize the resource space—a coordinate system for uniformly specifying and organizing resources. The RUM provides not only the end-users with an operable resource browser to operate resources using the built-in Resource Operation Language (ROL), but also the application developers with the ROL-based programming environment. The prototype platform based on the proposed model and method has been implemented and used for sharing and managing resources in distributed research teams. Operations on Resource Spaces can constitute the virtual communities of Resource Space Grids—a platform independent resource sharing environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The capture and gratuitous disposal of resources by plants (2001)

Summary Every plant will die if light, water or nutrients are withheld for long enough. It is natural to think of plants in general as having evolved a strong drive for resource acquisition as a survival mechanism. All else being equal, an individual that sequesters more material from the environment than its neighbour must be at a competitive advantage. But the resource capture imperative seems at odds with the profligacy of some characteristic developmental and metabolic processes in many plants. Here, using leaf senescence as a vantage point, we consider whether a kind of wilful inefficiency of resource use may not be essential for success as a terrestrial autotroph.
Long term use of drugs affecting the renin‐angiotensin system and the risk of cancer: a population‐based case‐control study (2012)

The indication or possibly threshold for prescribing antihypertensives appears to be related to a small increase in cancer risk. The ARB-cancer association is probably too weak to be addressed in observational studies, given their limitations.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Extensive Changes in Metabolic Regulation in <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> Strains (2006)

Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulation is generally carried out on well-characterized reference laboratory strains; hence, the characteristics of industrial isolates are therefore overlooked. In a previous study on the major cheese yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, we have shown that the reference strain and an industrial strain used in cheese making display a differential gene expression when grown on a single carbon source. Here, we have used more controlled conditions, i.e., growth in a fermentor with pH and oxygen maintained constant, to study how these two isolates grown in glucose reacted to an addition of lactose. The observed differences between sugar consumption and the production of various metabolites, ethanol, acetate, and glycerol, correlated with the response were monitored by the analysis of the expression of 482 genes. Extensive differences in gene expression between the strains were revealed in sugar transport, glucose repression, ethanol metabolism, and amino acid import. These differences were partly due to repression by glucose and another, yet-unknown regulation mechanism. Our results bring to light a new type of K. lactis strain with respect to hexose transport gene content and repression by glucose. We found that a combination of point mutations and variation in gene regulation generates a biodiversity within the K. lactis species that was not anticipated. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, in which there is a massive increase in the number of sugar transporter and fermentation genes, in K. lactis, interstrain diversity in adaptation to a changing environment is based on small changes at the level of key genes and cell growth control.
Nicolai Rubinstein, 1911–2002 (2005)

Nicolai Rubinstein was appointed to a Lectureship at Westfield College (University of London) in 1945, which was to be his academic home up to the time of his retirement in 1978 (he was promoted to Reader in 1962 and to Professor in 1965). At Westfield he taught European history 400–1500 <sc>ad</sc>, the History of Political Thought from the classical to the early modern period, and a ‘special subject’ (studied in Italian texts) ‘Florence and the Renaissance, 1464–1532’. He also, from 1949, conducted a weekly seminar at the London University Institute of Historical Research and came to have close links with the Warburg Institute. In his Westfield years Rubinstein supervised a considerable number of doctoral candidates and many of these pupils are now familiar names in the world of Renaissance studies.
Appling grey relational analysis to the relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval (2007)

Based on the quantitative grey relational analysis method, a simple and effective user query learning algorithm for the relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval is proposed. This new approach is an supervised algorithm, and the query parameters can be dynamically updated via relevance feedback to reflect the user’s particular information need. Experimental results shows that the proposed method performs better than the previous GRA-based algorithms for learning the query parameters in the learning precision and the generalization ability, and thus the performance of the relevance feedback for content-based image retrieval can be considerably improved.
Geschlechtskrankheiten (1924)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Synthesis of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Safety Reports (2015)

The proliferation and extension of unmanned aircraft systems from military to civil and public use applications has rapidly outpaced the safety analysis that is normally associated with the introduction of a new and novel aircraft. Insights into the types of anomalous events associated with accidents and incidents involving civil and public use unmanned aircraft systems operating in the National Airspace System were derived from an information synthesis of archival, publically available reports from the Aviation Safety Information and Analysis Sharing system. The vast majority of anomalous events were related to equipment failures, primarily lost link, distantly followed by a variety of non-equipment-related events involving pilot/operator errors, such as near-mid-air collisions, altitude deviations, airspace violations, and procedural deviations. The identification of types of anomalous events associated with safety reports provided insights for consideration when developing and implementing mitigation strategies for the design, training, and operation of unmanned aircraft systems.
A VLSI Reed-Solomon Decoder Architecture for Concatenate-Coded Space and Spread Spectrum Communications (1983)

In this paper, a VLSI Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder architecture for concatenate-coded space and spread spectrum communications, is presented. The known decoding procedures for RS codes are exploited and modified to obtain a repetitive and recursive decoding technique which is suitable for VLSI implementation and pipeline processing.
Electrorheology of Suspensions Containing Interfacially Active Constituents (2013)

We recently showed that a suspension of micrometer-sized polystyrene (PS) particles in a PDMS liquid, mixed with small (1 wt %) amounts of a nanocage, sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (s-POSS), exhibited significant electrorheological (ER) behavior. This behavior was associated with the formation of a thin adsorbed layer of s-POSS onto the surfaces of PS and the subsequent formation of polarization-induced aggregates, or structures, responsible for the ER effect in an applied electric, E, field. Current theory suggests that the ER effect would largely be determined by the dielectric and conductive properties of the conductive layer of core/shell particles in ER suspensions. We show here that sulfonated-PS (s-PS)/PDMS suspensions exhibit further increases in the yield stress of over 200%, with the addition of s-POSS. The yield stress of this system, moreover, scales as τy [proportionality] E(2). The dielectric relaxation studies reveal the existence of a new relaxation peak in the s-POSS/s-PS/PDMS system that is absent in the s-POSS/PS/PDMS suspension. The relative sizes of these peaks are sensitive to the concentration of s-POSS and are associated with changes in the ER behavior. The properties of this class of ER fluids are not appropriately rationalized in terms of current theories.
Urinary Microbiome and Psychological Factors in Women with Overactive Bladder (2017)

<b>Objectives:</b> Emerging evidence indicates that alterations to the urinary microbiome are related to lower urinary tract symptoms. Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common disorder with complex etiologies and usually accompanied by psychological diseases. More information concerning the urinary microbiome and psychological factors in OAB is required. The aim of this study was to characterize the female urinary microbiome associated with OAB and investigate the relationships between urinary microbiome and psychological factors. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty women with OAB and 25 asymptomatic controls were recruited and asked to finish the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Urine specimens were collected by transurethral catheterization and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing reads were processed using QIIME. LEfSe revealed significant differences in bacterial genera between controls and OAB patients. The relationships between the diversity of the urinary microbiome and psychological scores were identified by Pearson's correlation coefficient. <b>Results:</b> We found that bacterial diversity (Simpson index) and richness (Chao1) were lower in OAB samples compared to controls (<i>P</i> both = 0.038). OAB and control bacterial communities were significantly different (based on weighted UniFrac distance metric, <i>R</i> = 0.064, <i>P</i> = 0.037). LEfSe demonstrated that 7 genera were increased (e.g., <i>Proteus</i> and <i>Aerococcus</i>) and 13 were reduced (e.g., <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Prevotella</i>) in OAB group compared to controls. There were negative correlations between scores on Self-Rating Depression Scale and both richness (Chao1, <i>r</i> = -0.458, <i>P</i> = 0.011) and diversity (Shannon index, <i>r</i> = -0.516, <i>P</i> = 0.003) of urinary microbiome in OAB group. Some bacterial genera of OAB women with anxiety or depression were significantly different from those without. <b>Conclusions:</b> The aberrant urinary microbiome with decreased diversity and richness may have strong implications in pathogenesis and treatment of OAB. Psychological conditions were correlated with characteristics of urinary microbiome in women with OAB. Further research is needed to understand the connection between central nervous system and urinary microbiome.
[Molecular and epidemiologic characteristics of HIV-infection outbreak in the Irkutsk region]. (2001)

The genetic analysis of the variants of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-I) circulating among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region was carried out. The results of serological tests and comparative evaluation of electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplexes (HMA) revealed that all 74 samples under study belonged to subtype A. Genetic differences between these viruses did not exceed 2%. Thus, it was the variant of subtype A prevalent in CIS countries which caused the outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region, but not viruses of subtypes B, C or A/E typical for this risk group in relatively nearby China.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: epidemiology and management approaches (2012)

Abstract: Acute lung injury and the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome represent a spectrum of lung disease characterized by the sudden onset of inflammatory pulmonary edema secondary to myriad local or systemic insults. The present article provides a review of current evidence in the epidemiology and treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a focus on significant knowledge gaps that may be addressed through epidemiologic methods. Keywords: acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, review, epidemiology
Ribonucleotide Reductase—a Radical Enzyme (1983)

Ribonucleotide reductases catalyze the enzymatic formation of deoxyribonucleotides, an obligatory step in DNA synthesis. The native form of the enzyme from Escherichia coli or from mammalian sources contains as part of its polypeptide structure a free tyrosyl radical, stabilized by an iron center. The radical participates in all probability in the catalytic process during the substitution of the hydroxyl group at C-2 of ribose by a hydrogen atom. A second, inactive form of the E. coli reductase lacks the tyrosyl radical. Extracts from E. coli contain activities that interconvert the two forms. The tyrosyl radical is introduced in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobiosis favors its removal, suggesting a regulatory role in DNA synthesis for oxygen.
Modeling and Measurement Constraints in Fault Diagnostics for HVAC Systems (2010)

Many studies have shown that energy savings of five to fifteen percent are achievable in commercial buildings by detecting and correcting building faults, and optimizing building control systems. However, in spite of good progress in developing tools for determining HVAC diagnostics, methods to detect faults in HVAC systems are still generally undeveloped. Most approaches use numerical filtering or parameter estimation methods to compare data from energy meters and building sensors to predictions from mathematical or statistical models. They are effective when models are relatively accurate and data contain few errors. In this paper, we address the case where models are imperfect and data are variable, uncertain, and can contain error. We apply a Bayesian updating approach that is systematic in managing and accounting for most forms of model and data errors. The proposed method uses both knowledge of first principle modeling and empirical results to analyze the system performance within the boundaries defined by practical constraints. We demonstrate the approach by detecting faults in commercial buildingair handling units. We find that the limitations that exist in air handling unit diagnostics due to practical constraints can generally be effectively addressed through the proposed approach.
Triglyceride Concentration and Ischemic Heart Disease (1998)

In middle-aged and elderly white men, a high level of fasting triglycerides is a strong risk factor of IHD independent of other major risk factors, including HDL cholesterol.
Escritoras nicaragüenses: un festín de marginalidad (2000)

Afirmar que la condicion de genero influencia los enfoques a traves de los cuales la historia  o mejor dicho, los historiadores— perciben y analizan los fenomenos sociales, ya no constituye ninguna novedad. Con gran acierto dijo Anais Nin: La historia, igual que un reflector, ha iluminado lo que queria iluminar y a menudo omitio a la mujer. Sin embargo, las formas particulares de esta omision si ameritan ser examinadas, para poder desenmaranar la compleja urdimbre del sexismo y de la misoginia.
Grapefruit: Effects of 2,4-D sprays on preharvest drop, yield and quality (1948)

Studies on grapefruit in field experiments indicate that the application of 2,4-D may reduce preharvest fruit drop from 52% to 78%.
The Use of Surface Oximetry to Assess Bowel Viability (1984)

Tissue depends on perfusion, but tissue oxygenation measurements have been impractical. To develop a method for the clinical evaluation of bowel viability, we studied PO2 on the bowel surface (PSO2). The PSO2 was assessed on the stomach and intestine of 11 dogs. Normal small-bowel PSO2 was 44 +/- 11 mm Hg (mean +/- SD). When bowel vasculature was interrupted PSO2 rapidly decreased. Reductions in PSO2 were related to the degree of ischemia produced. Anastomoses were performed on partially devascularized bowel to determine anastomotic viability at various levels of PSO2. The PSO2 measured just prior to anastomosis predicted viability of the anastomoses at 48 hours. Anastomoses below 30% of predevascularization PSO2 necrosed. Between 30% and 50%, one third of anastomoses leaked. At PSO2 values above 50% of initial normal value all anastomoses healed. Surface oximetry allows accurate intraoperative assessment of bowel perfusion.
Prestressed Carbon Fiber Composite Overwrapped Gun Tube (2006)

Abstract : The emphasis on lightweight large caliber weapons systems has placed the focus on the use of advanced composite materials. Using composite materials not only directly removes weight from the gun tube but, by better balancing the tube, allows the use of smaller drive systems, thus further enhancing the system weight loss. Additionally the use of high stiffness composites helps with pointing accuracy and to alleviate the dynamic strain phenomenon encountered with high velocity projectiles. Traditionally there were two issues with composite jackets: the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the steel substrate and the composite jacket causing a gap, and the lack of favorable prestress in the jacket. Dealing with these issues greatly complicated the manufacturing process to the point where mass-producing the barrels would have been problematic at best. By using a thermoplastic resin, a cure on the fly process and winding under tension the manufacturability of the barrels has been greatly improved, the gap has been eliminated, and a favorable prestress has been achieved. This paper will present the design, manufacture and testing of a 120mm barrel utilizing this process with IM7 carbon fibers in a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix.
Statistical properties of timing jitter in a PAM timing recovery scheme (1974)

A new technique is presented for evaluating the performance of a popular type of timing recovery circuit for baseband synchronous pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) data signals. The timing circuit consists of a square-law device followed by a narrowband filter tuned to the pulse repetition frequency along with provision for reshaping the pulses entering the timing path (prefiltering). The output of the timing circuit is a nearly sinusoidal timing wave whose zero crossings indicate the appropriate sampling instants for demodulation of the PAM signal. For a random data sequence, the timing wave exhibits phase fluctuations which are strongly dependent on the pulse shapes entering the timing path and the passband shape of the narrow-band filter. Expressions for rms phase fluctuation in the timing wave as a function of the prefiltering and postfiltering characteristics of the filters preceding and following the square-law device are presented. These expressions have a form which is especially suitable for studying the case where the baseband PAM signal is band-limited to frequencies less than the pulse repetition frequency. A condition on prefiltering and postfiltering which gives error-free timing recovery is presented. Results obtained from some specific examples serve to illustrate several aspects of the timing recovery problem.
Correlated quantum measurement of a solid-state qubit (2001)

We propose a solid-state experiment to study the process of continuous quantum measurement of a qubit state. The experiment would verify that an individual qubit stays coherent during the process of measurement (in contrast to the gradual decoherence of the ensemble-averaged density matrix), thus confirming the possibility of qubit purification by continuous measurement. The experiment can be realized using quantum dots, single-electron transistors, or superconducting quantum interference devices.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS (1957)

In a certain laboratory in which we spent a short time as an assistant chemist, many years ago now, it was an inflexible rule that any sample sufficiently fluid to be contained in a bottle should be tested for :— density, colour, viscosity, flashpoint and cold test, quite irrespective of its nature. An approach rather similar to that which prevailed in the treatment of the sick or injured of the army of that day ; firstly a number nine pill for common cold or broken leg.
Rhinitis. (1994)

Rhinitis is a problem causing significant morbidity. The etiology of rhinitis is varied. The pathophysiology of rhinitis is just beginning to be elucidated. Allergic rhinitis is primarily understood as an inflammatory disease with a neurogenic component. Disease states such as responses to cold dry air are primarily considered to be neurogenic in origin, but inflammatory cells and mediators play a significant role in the development of symptoms in these patients. Our understanding of these complex interactions is reflected in the pharmacologic interventions currently available. Most rhinitis therapy addresses the symptoms of rhinitis not the underlying disease state. Future research in the field of rhinitis should increase our knowledge of the pathophysiology and therefore assist in new drug development.
Rates of Cell Division in Developing Barley Endosperms (1986)

Counts of nuclei in enzyme digested endosperms of barley cultivar Bomi show that the final number of cells, 170000, is reached between 18 and 21d after anthesis. Based on the number of cell profiles in transverse mid-grain sections, starchy endosperm cells divide up to day 14. Thereafter, cell proliferation is restricted to the aleurone layer.