gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol of myelin is the determinant of gray‐white contrast in MRI of brain (1991)

The relative brightness of adult white matter in T1-weighted MRI arises from myelin, but the mechanisms responsible remain to be clarified. Koenig et al. [Magn. Reson. Med. 14, 482 (1990)] conjectured that the cholesterol of myelin (approximately 30% of its lipid) was responsible. We present 1/T1 and magnetization transfer contrast imaging data [Wolff and Balaban, Magn. Reson. Med. 10, 135 (1989)] on a model system--50% lipid--50% water by weight, with the lipid one-half phosphatidyl choline (PC) and one-half cholesterol--and a control in which the lipid is all PC. The differences between the model and control samples mimic the myelin contribution to white matter in both experiments.
Simple sinusoidal oscillator using opamp compensation poles (1993)

The Letter introduces a new, extremely simple, sinusoidal oscillator based on opamp compensation poles. The circuit employs only four components, two internally compensated opamp, one resistor and a grounded capacitor, and can generate sinusoidal oscillations of frequencies up to the gain bandwidth product of the opamps. With modification(s), using an additional opamp or two analogue multipliers, the circuit can be readily converted into a VCO. Experimental results and SPICE simulations have confirmed the workability of the various modes of operation of the proposed configuration.
Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation (1997)

Nearly one-third of the book relates to error theory and its applications to physical measurements. Some of the topics, such as the measurement of electrical potential difference and electrical current are of historical importance. Elementary topics like the treatment of errors and complex topics like noise are dealt with at the same mathematical level. Although Thevenin's and Norton's theorems are mentioned, a working knowledge of circuit theory is assumed. Although transfer functions are mentioned, feedback stability and transient response of systems are discussed at a practical level. A comprehensive coverage of transducers is included, but a basic knowledge of electronic circuitry is assumed. Practical aspects of signal conditioning, D/A, A/D and displays are well presented. Electronic measuring instruments, ranging from digital voltmeters and oscilloscopes to computer controlled data acquisition systems, are all well described in a few pages. For a given space allocation a less ambitious coverage would be more effective. For the physics oriented reader in both industry and academia, the book could still be useful as a source of technical information. Its use as a text for undergraduate courses is doubtful, although it should be a ready reference for laboratory work. A de Sa
Old Dog, New Tricks: The Attentional Set-Shifting Test as a Novel Cognitive Behavioral Task after Controlled Cortical Impact Injury (2014)

Cognitive impairment associated with prefrontal cortical dysfunction is a major component of disability in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. Specifically, deficits of cognitive flexibility and attentional set-shifting are present across all levels of injury severity. Though alterations in spatial learning have been extensively described in experimental models of TBI, studies investigating more complex cognitive deficits are relatively scarce. Hence, the aim of this preclinical study was to expand on this important issue by evaluating the effect of three injury levels on executive function and behavioral flexibility performance as assessed using an attentional set-shifting test (AST). Isoflurane-anesthetized male rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury (2.6, 2.8, and 3.0 mm cortical depth at 4 m/sec) or sham injury, whereas an additional group had no surgical manipulation (naïve). Four weeks postsurgery, rats were tested on the AST, which involved a series of discriminative tasks of increasing difficulty, such as simple and compound discriminations, stimulus reversals, and intra- and extradimensional (ED) shifts. TBI produced accompanying impact depth-dependent increases in cortical lesion volumes, with the 3.0-mm cortical depth group displaying significantly larger injury volumes than the 2.6-mm group (p=0.05). Further, injury severity-induced deficits in ED set-shifting and stimulus reversals, as well as increases in total response error rates and total set loss errors, were observed. These novel findings demonstrate executive function and behavioral flexibility deficits in our animal model of CCI injury and provide the impetus to integrate the AST in the standard neurotrauma behavioral battery to further evaluate cognitive dysfunction after TBI. Ongoing experiments in our laboratory are assessing AST performance after pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies post-TBI, as well as elucidating possible mechanisms underlying the observed neuropsychological deficits.
Field-induced phase transitions in antiferroelectric liquid crystals (1999)

A theoretical study is made of the process by which an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal undergoes a field-induced transition to ferroelectric alignment. We find that for cells of moderate thickness the initial departure from antiferroelectric alignment occurs as a continuous Fréedericksz transition. The following transition from partial alignment to complete ferroelectric ordering may occur as either a first-order or continuous transition, depending on the relative strength of some of the model parameters. The case where the transition is continuous provides a possible mechanism for some recently observed thresholdless transitions in these systems.
Thermomechanical Properties of β‐Sialon Synthesized from Kaolin (1989)

β‐Sialon powder was synthesized by the simultaneous reduction and nitridation of Hadong kaolin at 1350°C in an N 2 –H 2 atmosphere, using graphite as a reducing agent. The average particle size of β‐sialon powder was about 4.5 μm. The synthesized β‐sialon powder was pressureless sintered from 1450° to 1850°C under a N 2 atmosphere. The relative density, modulus of rupture, fracture toughness, and microhardness of β‐sialon ceramics sintered at 1800°C for 1 h were 92%, 248 MPa, 2.8 MN/m 3/2 , and 13.3 GN/m 2 , respectively. The critical temperature difference (ΔT c ) in water‐quench thermal‐shock behavior was about 375°C for the synthesized β‐sialon ceramics.
Heritability for yield, leaf:stem ratio and stevioside content estimated from a landrace cultivar of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (1992)

Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni is a herbaceous perennial native to the highlands of Paraguay. A number of compounds in the leaf tissue have a potential food use as low-calorie sweeteners. The purpose of this work was to determine if sufficient genetic variability was present in a landrace cultivar of stevia to allow selection of lines with agronomic and chemical properties suitable to local production conditions. Leaf yield, leaf:stem ratio and stevioside concentration were all found to be highly heritable. Leaf-yield levels were comparable to those in other stevia-producing areas. Stevioside concentration was higher, probably as a result of production under long days. These initial results also show that improvement of stevia through selection is possible and that it has potential for production in southwestern Ontario.Key words: Response to selection, low-calorie sweetener
Reliability limitations to the scaling of porous low-k dielectrics (2011)

We show that processes used to fabricate advanced porous dielectrics can exhibit reliability approaching the intrinsic capability of the material. Combining this with simulations of failure distributions as a function of porosity and line edge roughness we demonstrate that failure times due to electrical breakdown rapidly decrease below k=2.3. The rapid failure time decrease is due to the statistical nature of increasing porosity (decreasing k), which leads to a shortening of the percolation path for dielectric breakdown. Continued scaling will require greater understanding of the breakdown impact on circuits as well as materials innovations to improve robustness.
Knowledge based approach to semantic composition of teams in an organization (2005)

Finding rapidly suitable experts in an organization to compose a team able to solve specific tasks is a typical problem in large consulting firms. In this paper we present a Description Logics approach to the semantic-based composition of ad-hoc teams based on individuals skill profiles and on task description. The selection process is carried out using a novel Concept Covering algorithm that exploits the recently proposed Concept Abduction inference service in Description Logics. The approach has been deployed as part of a skill management system that takes text files with curricula and project specifications as inputs and extracts from them available individual profiles and task descriptions, according to an ontology modeling skills.
Hierarchical Self-Configuration of Large-Scale Ethernet Networks (2007)

A trend in the current network industry is to use the dominant Ethernet technology for large-scale networks due to its cost effectiveness and simple management. In this paper, we address scalability and configuration issues in large-scale Ethernet networks. Specifically, a hierarchical architecture and a self- configuration process of network devices are proposed. New address allocation and distribution schemes are introduced to solve the scalability issue of the traditional Ethernet networks. The proposed architecture is interoperable with traditional protocols of hosts. Therefore, this architecture can be deployed without modifying end hosts' protocols.
Analysis and control of mono inverter dual parallel SPMSM drive system (2014)

In this paper, the current characteristics of the mono inverter dual parallel (MIDP) surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drive system are analyzed and the control method for stable operation is proposed. While driving parallel connected two induction machines with a single inverter is not difficult thanks to the inherent slip, driving parallel connected synchronous machines suffers from the instability due to the absence of the slip. This paper analyzes the torque capability and the instability problem of the MIDP SPMSM drive system through the mathematical calculation. This paper also proposed the control method which can increase the stability and verified it with the experimental demonstration.
Determinants of predicted efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in the electrophysiologic study versus electrocardiographic monitoring trial. The ESVEM Investigators. (1993)

1) Drug efficacy predictions are achieved more frequently by HM than by EPS. 2) Assessment by HM and severity of left ventricular dysfunction are independent correlates for a drug efficacy prediction. 3) The duration of drug testing is considerably shorter for the HM method.
Enzymatic Nixtamalization: An Improved Corn Masa Flour Production Process (2000)

A major concern during commercial masa or instant masa flour production is the proper disposal of the excess waste water generated from the nixtamalization process. Nixtamalization causes partitioning of corn solids between nixtamal and waste water. It has been estimated that corn solids loss during nixtamalization varies between 5-14% depending on corn type & quality. Nejayote waste is highly alkaline, with high chemical and biological oxygen demands (BOD & COD) and is considered an environmental pollutant. A typical corn nixtamalization facility processing 200 US tons of corn every day, uses over 50 gallons of water per minute and generates nearly the equivalent amount of alkaline wastewater in 24 hours.
Consumer trust in 3D virtual worlds and its impact on real world purchase intention (2015)

Purpose – This paper examines the three-dimensional (3D)virtual world users’ perceptions of authenticity and trustworthiness in the virtual prototypes and users’ potential purchase behavior in the real-world settings. The 3D virtual worlds provide a new platform that exhibits virtual prototypes as a promotion channel for new products of real-world and online service, where users can communicate “face to face” via their representative avatars. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted an experiment in Second Life and collected data in a post-study questionnaire to test our proposed conceptual model. Structural equation modeling was the main methodology. Findings – The research results showed that 3D virtual world users obtained a high sense of telepresence and social presence. The sense of telepresence positively leads to users’ perceptions of online trust in the virtual prototypes and thus increases their intention to purchase real-world objects; the users’ sense of social presence positively associates to their perceptions of authenticity and online trust and, therefore, their purchase intention. Research limitations/implications – In survey research, the common method variance is a problem. A more robust way is to use objective measures. Practical implications – A new channel was proposed for businesses to enhance their online strategies that will increase their business value. Social implications – 3D virtual world is also a cutting-edge platform for remote education, public information service, etc. Originality/value – This paper initially contributes to the literature that interprets underlying factors in 3D virtual worlds associated to purchase intention in real-world objects. We demonstrated the advantages, i.e. the communication efficacy and vivid virtual design in the 3D user-generated environment.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Epidural Clonidine with 0.5% Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia for Orthopaedic Lower Limb Surgeries (2015)

Epidural clonidine produces long lasting, good quality analgesia with good level of sedation and with minimal side effects.
Interference Constrained Relay Selection of D2D Communication for Relay Purpose Underlaying Cellular Networks (2012)

Relay is a type of application of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication which could optimize the system capacity over the shared uplink (UL) resources while fulfilling prioritized cellular service constrains. In this paper, we consider D2D communication for relay purpose assists User Equipments (UEs) to communicate with Base Station (BS). For constraining the interference from D2D communication to cellular communication in the permitted range by system, we analyze the transmission rate from D2D UE. Further, we deduce a relay selection rule based on the interference constraining. Then, we apply the KM algorithm and the greedy algorithm as two types of selection methods to select different relay for every relay-needed UE according to the selection rule. The numerical simulations results show the sum-rate can be improved by selecting the relays according to the selection rule, and KM algorithm achieves a slightly higher sum-rate than that of greedy algorithm based on the relay selection rule.
Enhanced ethylene production via flash methanolysis of coal (1984)

In an on-going pyrolysis research project at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, the methods to increase the yield of ethylene through flash methanolysis of coal is being investigated. Flash methanolysis is defined as pyrolysis of coal under pressure in an atmosphere of methane. This study attempts to identify the influence of important process variables such as reaction temperature, gas pressure, solids residence time, gas/solids ratio etc. on the production characteristics of ethylene and other pyrolysis products.
[Formation of subfascial lymphovenous anastomoses on the foot]. (1994)

The author suggests a new modification of operation for formation of subfascial lymphovenous anastomoses (LVA) on the dorsum of the foot in treatment of edema of the lower limbs. Sixty-two patients underwent operation. In 34 patients of the control group an epifascial LVA was formed on the dorsal surface of the foot. The operation for LVA anastomosis was combined with fenestration of the leg fascia. A positive effect of various degree was produced in the postthrombotic syndrome in 84% of the studied patients (in 29% of the controls) and in 94% of cases of II degree lymphedema (in 56% of the controls). The expediency of subfascial LVA is substantiated clinically and physiologically.
A force feedback glove based on Magnetorheological Fluid: Preliminary design issues (2010)

This work first provides an overview of haptic gloves found in the literature, with a focus on their applications and their requirements. This information is then used to justify the use of Magnetorheological Fluid (MRF), a smart fluid which reversibly changes viscosity proportionally to an applied magnetic field, to effect the force feedback in a haptic glove. This is followed by the development of a linear damper to form part of the proposed glove, as well as a report on our selection of MRF through experiments performed on a number of fluids with different iron content, developed in-house. Finally, the paper describes the position sensing system and the preliminary design of the force feedback glove.
An electrostatic particle accelerator (1956)

A pressurized electrostatic generator has been designed to give as nearly as possible a uniform field in the dielectric medium, and the expected performance is calculated assuming that the insulating gas breaks down at 200 kV/cm.The construction of the generator and of a multi-section ion-accelerator tube is also described, and the performance of the machine both as a voltage generator and as an ion accelerator is reported. Novel methods of metering currents at the high-voltage electrode allow the behaviour of the generator in the presence of an ion beam to be analysed.The voltage stabilization of the accelerator and the stability of the main servo loops are discussed.A beam analyser employing electrostatic deflection provides precise absolute measurement of the beam energy. Calibration points on the high-voltage scale at 874.7 and 2567 kV have been accurately determined.The peak performance is 3.8 MV with the 9 ft tube and 5.5 MV without the tube. Proton beams up to 3.25 MeV have been obtained with an energy resolution of 1 in 1200.
Estimation of Left Ventricular Volume by One-Plane Cineangiography (1967)

One-plane cineangiographic measurement of left ventricular volume uses angiocardiograms taken in the right anterior oblique view. Its basic assumption is that the third (unvisualized) dimension, depth from septum to free wall, is of the same magnitude and behaves in the same way as the visualized short axis. Examination of this assumption with biplane x-ray equipment revealed that the unmeasured length averages 7% less and varies directly with the length of the measured short axis. Volumes measured correlate well with consecutive studies using serial biplane x-rays and are systematically somewhat larger than volumes obtained in autopsy specimens injected with barium sulfate paste. The method is tolerant of variations in positioning of the patient, is convenient, yields repeatable analyses from one experienced observer to another, allows 60 volume measurements per second so that rapid cardiac events can be studied, and the small doses of x-rays and contrast medium permit several observations at one catheterization session. This means that effects of drugs and other interventions can be studied by the informative techniques of semi-continuous volume measurement and pressure-volume analysis.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury: Strategies for Increasing the Cells' Renoprotective Competence (2011)

Acute ischemic kidney injury is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in daily clinical practice. It has become increasingly recognized that microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction (ED) in peritubular capillaries inhibits the process of postischemic renal reperfusion. ED can serve as therapeutic target in the management of acute ischemic kidney injury. Postischemic reflow can be restored by systemic administration of either mature endothelial cells or of endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cells EPCs can be cultured from the peripheral circulation of humans and different animals. The cells act vasoprotectively by direct and indirect mechanisms. The protective effects of EPCs in acute ischemic kidney injury can be stimulated by preincubating the cells with different agonistic mediators. This paper summarizes the currently available data on strategies to improve the renoprotective activity of EPCs in acute ischemic kidney injury.
The Design and Manufacture of a Prototype Personalized Liner for Lower Limb Amputees (2017)

The objective of personalization is to create a product that matches the exacting requirements of the individual consumer. Where these products must interface with the changing dynamics of the human form, traditional manufacturing techniques, coupled with traditional manufacturing paradigms do not enable efficient generation of personalized products. Particularly when they must encapsulate body-parts susceptible to variations in dimension through daily activity. Emerging 3D printing methods are limited to non-conforming rigid materials, with wide tolerance bands. This can make it difficult to generate soft material conforming products that precisely match a consumer's needs. One such application is the creation of a personalized prosthetic liner for lower limb amputees. A residuum liner is the interface that amputees wear between their residual limb and prosthesis. The comfort of a prosthetic liner/socket can determine the daily duration for which patients use their artificial limbs and can also prevent further pathological issues. The purpose of this liner is to enable correct fitting. Current methods use a range of silicon ‘socks’ that encapsulate and cushion the residuum before placement inside the prosthesis socket. The silicon sock can cause skin irritation and damage and are not designed specifically for the individual. Our novel method enables the precise and rapid generation of soft material conforming products and is termed cryogenic CNC machining. This process involves the rapid, physical alteration of soft polymers to enable efficient and direct CNC machining. This paper presents a new data driven design and manufacture methodology that enables the creation of fully personalized residuum liners for a transtibial amputees.
Evaluation of Power LEDs Drivers with Supercapacitors and Digital Control (2007)

This paper describes the complete design and implementation procedures of a low-cost digital controller for a High Efficiency LED driver, using supercapacitors as the primary power sources. The main advantages of these Power LEDs are the high luminosity, high efficiency and long operating life. Due to these improved behaviour, the number of LED-based applications is continuously increasing. Nowadays, the cost of digital processors is constantly decreasing, and the trend is that still lower costs will be achieved in the future. In addition, digital processors offer extra features, e.g. communication protocols, software protections, and so on. Therefore, this study has an evident practical interest.
High Quality Al2 O 3 Thin Films Prepared by a Novel Two‐Step Evaporation Process (1987)

thin films were prepared by electron beam evaporation and their electrical properties were investigated. A novel two‐step evaporation process, in which a very thin film was evaporated first at room temperature and the remaining part was evaporated at 250°C without breaking the vacuum, gave high quality in both insulating and dielectric properties. The reasons for the improvement are discussed and comparisons are made with specimens prepared by usual evaporation process.