gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Performance of the Probability Density Function in Differentiating Supraventricular from Ventricular Rhythms (1992)

The ability of the probability density function (PDF) of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) to reject supraventricular arrhythmias being recognized as ventricular was evaluated in 12 patients who were treated with an AICD (Ventak P 1600). The PDF criterion was monitored via telemetry with the sinus rate during exercise test. PDF was satisfied in seven patients at a rate of 75-144/min (mean 109/min), and not in the remaining five patients (mean rate 141/min). PDF was fulfilled in five of ten patients at a lower heart rate than predicted by the duty cycle index, derived from the ventricular patch lead electrogram at the implantation. Thus PDF is often fulfilled already at a moderately elevated sinus rate. If used to prevent inadvertent AICD discharges during rapid supraventricular rhythms, its performance should be tested in the individual patient.
Using Podcasts as Audio Learning Objects (2006)

An international association advancing the multidisciplinary study of informing systems. Founded in 1998, the Informing Science Institute (ISI) is a global community of academics shaping the future of informing science.
Biocontrol by yeasts of blue mould of citrus fruits and the mode of action of an isolate of<i>Pichia guilliermondii</i> (1998)

SummaryNineteen yeast isolates, from different fruits, were tested for antagonistic activity against blue mould (Penicillium italicum) on artificially wounded citrus fruits. Strains 1 A, 5A, and 29A of Pichia guilliermondii, strains 21D, 22D and 30F of Candida famata and strain 13 L of C. sake reduced infection from 86 to 98% compared with the control. Isolate 5 A of P. guilliermondii was the most effective antagonist and its mode of action was investigated further. Its activity against the pathogen declined when the number of yeast cells inoculated in the wound was reduced although it showed good ability to colonize the wound site and grow rapidly, cell numbers increasing by up to 60-fold within 24 h. Scanning electron microscopy of the wound also showed attachment of the yeast cells to the pathogen hyphae. The high antagonistic activity of isolate 5A appeared to be related to its capability to occupy space and use nutrients available in the wound, thus depriving the pathogen of them. It also induced in the wound the biosynthesis of the phytoalexins (scoparone and scopoletin); however this mode of action seems not to play an essential role in the biocontrol of the pathogen.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROENAMINES‐ PART IV. SYNTHESIS OF 4‐NITROISOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FROM NITROKETENE AMINALS (1978)

Abstract Brom‐Oxidation der Isothiocyanat‐Addukte (II) des Nitroketenaminals (I) führt zur Bildung der Isothiazoline (III), während das Phenylisothioeyanat‐Addukt (Va) des Enaminals (IV) und ebenso (Vb) bei der Oxidation mit Br, zu den Benzothiazolen (VI) cyclisiert werden.
Accounting for Individual Differences in Bradley-Terry Models by Means of Recursive Partitioning (2011)

The preference scaling of a group of subjects may not be homogeneous, but different groups of subjects with certain characteristics may show different preference scalings, each of which can be derived from paired comparisons by means of the Bradley-Terry model. Usually, either different models are fit in predefined subsets of the sample or the effects of subject covariates are explicitly specified in a parametric model. In both cases, categorical covariates can be employed directly to distinguish between the different groups, while numeric covariates are typically discretized prior to modeling. Here, a semiparametric approach for recursive partitioning of Bradley-Terry models is introduced as a means for identifying groups of subjects with homogeneous preference scalings in a data-driven way. In this approach, the covariates that—in main effects or interactions—distinguish between groups of subjects with different preference orderings, are detected automatically from the set of candidate covariates. One main advantage of this approach is that sensible partitions in numeric covariates are also detected automatically.
Potassium Trifluoro(organo)borates: New Perspectives in Organic Chemistry (2003)

Abstract Potassium trifluoro(organo)borates, highly stable organoboron derivatives, have recently emerged as promising alternatives to other organoboron reagents. These salts have shown interesting reactivity, not only through the intermediate formation of difluoroboranes, but also in transmetallation reactions with transition metals. In numerous reactions they have proven to be more reactive than boronic acids or esters. The preparation and reactivity of these ate complexes is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Immunohistochemistry in Dermatopathology: A Review of the Most Commonly Used Antibodies (Part II) (2013)

Dermatopathology includes a long list of disorders, some of which have very similar histopathology. Immunohistochemistry is an important auxiliary tool for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and for predicting the outcome of many skin tumors. It is also the main technique for determining the origin of a tissue or the differentiation of neoplastic cells. In many cases, immunohistochemistry provides a more accurate diagnosis of the different processes that infiltrate the skin. This review examines the role of immunohistochemistry in studying the differentiation and biological behavior of the majority of tumors that can involve the skin. We review immunoperoxidase techniques, discuss the utility of the most commonly used antibodies, and highlight a number of diagnostic problems in which immunohistochemistry may be very useful. In each case, the goal is to reach a specific and definitive diagnosis. In the second part of our review, we examine the most useful and specific antibodies in the study of skin infections and of epithelial, muscular, lymphatic and hematologic, neural, neuroendocrine, and melanocytic neoplasms that affect the skin. Finally, we include a brief review of the immunohistochemical profile of skin metastases of malignant visceral tumors. La dermatopatología incluye una larga lista de entidades, algunas con una histopatología muy similar. La immunohistoquímica representa una importante herramienta de ayuda en el diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial y pronóstico de muchas de las neoplasias cutáneas. La inmunohistoquímica es también la mejor técnica para determinar el origen de un tejido o la diferenciación de las células neoplásicas. En muchos casos, la inmunohistoquímica permite un diagnóstico más preciso de los distintos procesos infiltrando la piel. Este artículo revisa el papel de la inmunohistoquímica en el estudio de la diferenciación y el comportamiento biológico de la mayoría de las neoplasias que pueden afectar a la piel. Se revisan las técnicas de inmunoperoxidasa, se discute la utilidad de los anticuerpos utilizados con mayor frecuencia y se presentan una serie de problemas diagnósticos en los que la immunohistoquímica puede resultar muy útil. En cada caso, la finalidad es llegar a un diagnóstico concreto y definitivo. En esta segunda parte de nuestra revisión analizan los anticuerpos más útiles y específicos en el estudio de las infecciones cutáneas, así como de las neoplasias epiteliales, musculares, vasculares, linfo-hematológicas, neurales, neuroendocrinas y melanocíticas afectando a la piel. Al final, se incluye una breve revisión del perfil inmunohistioquímico de las metástasis cutáneas de neoplasias malignas viscerales.
Global Adaptation in Networks of Selfish Components: Emergent Associative Memory at the System Scale (2011)

In some circumstances complex adaptive systems composed of numerous self-interested agents can self-organize into structures that enhance global adaptation, efficiency, or function. However, the general conditions for such an outcome are poorly understood and present a fundamental open question for domains as varied as ecology, sociology, economics, organismic biology, and technological infrastructure design. In contrast, sufficient conditions for artificial neural networks to form structures that perform collective computational processes such as associative memory/recall, classification, generalization, and optimization are well understood. Such global functions within a single agent or organism are not wholly surprising, since the mechanisms (e.g., Hebbian learning) that create these neural organizations may be selected for this purpose; but agents in a multi-agent system have no obvious reason to adhere to such a structuring protocol or produce such global behaviors when acting from individual self-interest. However, Hebbian learning is actually a very simple and fully distributed habituation or positive feedback principle. Here we show that when self-interested agents can modify how they are affected by other agents (e.g., when they can influence which other agents they interact with), then, in adapting these inter-agent relationships to maximize their own utility, they will necessarily alter them in a manner homologous with Hebbian learning. Multi-agent systems with adaptable relationships will thereby exhibit the same system-level behaviors as neural networks under Hebbian learning. For example, improved global efficiency in multi-agent systems can be explained by the inherent ability of associative memory to generalize by idealizing stored patterns and/or creating new combinations of subpatterns. Thus distributed multi-agent systems can spontaneously exhibit adaptive global behaviors in the same sense, and by the same mechanism, as with the organizational principles familiar in connectionist models of organismic learning.
CMOS-Memristor Hybrid Integrated Pixel Sensors (2016)

Increase in image resolution require the abilityof image sensors to pack an increased number of circuitcomponents in a given area. On the the other hand a high speedprocessing of signals from the sensors require the ability of pixelto carry out pixel parallel operations. In the paper, we proposea modified 3T and 4T CMOS wide dynamic range pixels, which we refer as 2T-M and 3T-M configurations, comprising ofMOSFETS and memristors. The low leakage currents and lowarea of memristors helps to achieve the objective of reducingthe area, while the possibility to create arrays of memristorsand MOSFETs across different layers within the chip, ensurethe possibility to scale the circuit architecture.
The late Paleogene larger foraminiferal assemblages of the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary) (1999)

Varias localidades de los Montes Bukk, con asociaciones ricas y bien conservadas de nummulites, pueden servir de referencia a la biozonacion de macroforaminiferos Shallow Benthic Zonation (SBZ) propuesta por Serra-Kiel et al. (1998) y por Cahuzac & Poignant (1997). La localidad sita en Kisgyor contiene seis taxones de ortofragminidos, de edad Priaboniense superior (SBZ 20 ) de las cuales una es nueva: Asterocyclina stellata (d?Archiac) buekkensis n. ssp., y diez de nummulitidos, a los que se describe y caracteriza biometricamente. Otra fauna perteneciente al Chattiense superior (SBZ 23 ) esta presente en las localidades de Novaj y Csokas; comprende siete taxones pertenecientes a los generos Nummulites, Operculina, Heterostegina, Eulepidina, Nephrolepidina y Miogypsina ya estudiadas por Less (1991), y refiguradas, en parte, aqui. La reinvestigacion de Nummullites bouillei, en su localidad tipo, ha permitido incrementar el valor estratigrafico de esa especie rupeliense, junto con la de N. budensis (de edad Priaboniense), y de N. kecskemetii, de edad Chattiense, que con anterioridad habian sido usualmente agrupados en N. bouillei.
Adherence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to porcine ciliated respiratory tract cells. (1993)

Adherence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to the mucosa of the distal portion of the respiratory tract of swine is an important initial event in development of mycoplasmal pneumonia. A suitable in vitro model of adherence would be useful for investigation of mycoplasmal and host cell factors involved in this process. We have developed an adherence assay, using suspensions of porcine respiratory tract ciliated epithelial cells and M hyopneumoniae. Tracheal epithelial cells, collected by use of cytologic brushes, were mixed with broth cultures of M hyopneumoniae and the mixtures were incubated, diluted, vortexed, and sedimented. Pellets were spread on glass slides, stained with a fluorescent antibody against M hyopneumoniae, and evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. Fluorescence was observed principally among cilia on the ciliated tufts of epithelial cells. Only a few organisms were observed adhering on the nonciliated parts of ciliated cells or on other cell types. When mycoplasmas were preincubated with low dilutions of serum from swine convalescing from M hyopneumoniae disease, attachment was partially inhibited (P < 0.05). Significant inhibition of attachment was not observed when organisms were preincubated with higher dilutions of convalescent serum, with purified IgG from hyperimmune serum against M hyopneumoniae, or with low dilutions of lung lavage fluids (from convalescent swine) that contained specific IgA antibodies against M hyopneumoniae. Preincubation of the organisms with periodate and trypsin abolished attachment and formaldehyde decreased it (P < 0.05), whereas a variety of carbohydrates had no effect on attachment. Preincubation with dextran sulfate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and methionine reduced attachment (P < 0.05). Treatment of cell-Mycoplasma mixtures with the hydrophobic bond-breaking agent tetramethylurea, or incubation in absence of salt, or at low temperature also reduced attachment (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Das Verlaufsbild der Textilkonjunktur (1969)

Die Konjunkturlehre war bisher fast ausschließlich Makrotheorie. Sie war vornehmlich auf die Erklärung der die Volkswirtschaft im ganzen erfassenden Konjunkturschwankungen gerichtet. Eine auf die einzelnen Teilbereiche der Wirtschaft bezogene Konjunkturlehre, mit anderen Worten, eine allgemeine Branchenkonjunkturlehre, gibt es bis heute nicht8. Es kann daher auch noch nicht auf Erfahrungsgrundsätze und methodische Richtlinien für die Behandlung der speziell mit Branchenkonjunkturanalysen verbundenen Probleme zurückgegriffen werden. Dieser Mangel macht sich nicht erst bei der Analyse der Ursachen spezifischer Branchenkonjunkturen bemerkbar, sondern wird schon offenkundig, wenn es nur um die Erfassung des spezifischen Charakters der Konjunkturbewegungen eines einzelnen Wirtschaftszweiges geht, d. h. um die Bestimmung von Art und Ausmaß der branchenkonjunkturellen Sonderentwicklungen gegenüber dem allgemeinen Wirtschaftsablauf. So stellen sich im Hinblick auf den beabsichtigten Vergleich von Textilkonjunktur und allgemeinem Wirtschaftsablauf zuvor folgende methodische Fragen:
Selenomethionine chiral speciation in yeast and parenteral solutions by chiral phase capillary gas chromatography-ICP-MS (1999)

Chiral resolution and speciation of DL-selenomethionine enantiomers by capillary gas chromatography (GC) as N-trifluoroacetyl (TFA)-O-isopropyl derivatives using an l-valine-tert-butylamide modified polydimethylsiloxane chiral stationary phase (Chirasil-L-Val) were investigated. Good resolution was achieved using a temperature program from 100 °C (held for 3 min) to 160 °C at 1.5 °C min –1 and He as carrier gas. Very good selectivity and excellent detection limits of 0.25 µg L –1 (0.1 µg L –1 as Se) for each enantiomer were obtained by on-line coupling of the chiral capillary column with selenium-specific detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Experimental parameter optimization is described in detail. This optimised GC-ICP-MS method was successfully applied to the determination of the optical purity of l-selenomethionine in commercial samples, to the determination of the enantiomeric ratio of selenomethionine in parenteral solutions used for human use and also to chiral Se speciation in selenized yeast.
Combating Product Review Spam Campaigns via Multiple Heterogeneous Pairwise Features (2015)

Spam campaigns spotted in popular product review websites (e.g., amazon.com) have attracted mounting attention from both industry and academia, where a group of online posters are hired to collaboratively craft deceptive reviews for some target products. The goal is to manipulate perceived reputations of the targets for their best interests. Many efforts have been made to detect such colluders by extracting pointwise features from individual reviewers/reviewer-groups, however, pairwise features which can potentially capture the underlying correlations among colluders are either ignored or just explored insufficiently in the literature. We observed that pairwise features can be more robust to model the relationships among colluders since they, as the ingredients of spam campaigns, are correlated in nature. In this paper, we explore multiple heterogeneous pairwise features in virtue of some collusion signals found in reviewers' rating behaviors and linguistic patterns. In addition, an unsupervised and intuitive colluder detecting framework has been proposed which can benefit from these pairwise features. Extensive experiments on real dataset show the effectiveness of our method and satisfactory superiority over several competitors.
Stromal Cells in Haemopoiesis (2007)

Stromal cells of the bone marrow can provide the growth-promoting and differentiation-inducing molecules which are necessary for haemopoiesis. While the nature of these stimuli is largely unknown, the development of haemopoietic cells in association with stromal cells requires intimate cell contact. Molecules of the extracellular matrix, such as heparan sulphate, are able to bind growth factors and in this way the stromal cells may form microenvironmental niches which preferentially promote development of multipotent and committed cells along discrete lineages. Cells from some patients with acute and chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukaemias are defective in their ability to interact with stromal cells and consequently cannot survive in stromal cell-mediated long-term marrow cultures. We have exploited this phenomenon to obtain normal haemopoietic cells from patients with leukaemia, and to use these cells for successful autografting in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukaemias.
A Team-work Approach to Cleft Palate Rehabilitation in South Africa (1960)

No abstract available.
Long-Term Potentiation: Evidence Against an Increase in Transmitter Release Probability in the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus (1994)

It is widely accepted that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus is triggered postsynaptically, but there is considerable debate as to the site at which the increase in synaptic strength is expressed. The irreversible open-channel blocking action of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 has been used to test whether the probability of transmitter release (Pr) is increased during LTP. Although the rate of decline of the amplitude of the NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in the presence of MK-801 strongly depends on Pr, the rate of decline of the EPSC evoked at synapses expressing LTP is identical to that observed at synapses not expressing LTP. These findings are difficult to reconcile with models in which the expression of LTP is due to an increase in Pr.
Pathological characteristics of the solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (2010)

Objective To summarize and analyze the pathological characteristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPTs).Methods The clinical data of 51 cases of SPTs were retrospectively analyzed.The immunohistochemical localizations of different markers (HSE,SYN,CD_(56),CD_(10),Nestin,Vim,a1-ACT,EMA,AE1/AE3 and CK19) on 39 SPTs were studied.Results Pathological features included a combination of solid and cystic components with pseudopapillae formation and degenerative regions without glands.Among the 39 cases of SPTs,the expression rate of NSE was 97.4%,the expression rate of CD_(56),CD_(10) was 84.6%,the expression rate of Nestin and Vim was 64% and 87%,the expression rate of S100 was 79.5%,the expression rate of a1-ACT and a1-AT was 82.1% and 79.5%,while the expression rate of SYN was 12.8%;however there was low expression and weak positive reaction of EMA,AE1/AE3 and CK19.Conclusions The typical pathological characteristics of SPTs may result from gradual degenerative changes induced anoxemia in some SPT's areas.The heterogeneity of SPTs on different antibody markers showed that the SPTs may be originated from pancreatic embryonic stem cells,and result from immature differentiation of the pluripotential stem cells during pancreatic genesis.

Key words: 
Pancreatic neoplasms; Stem cells; Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas
Ultrasonography (1951)

It is shown that with or even without ultrasonic lenses or other devices for the concentration of ultrasonic energy, by ultrasonics, images can be made on photo-sensitive emulsions. Several of the first ultra-sonographs, as these images are called, are reproduced and some potential fields of application of the new technique are mentioned.
Assessment of health and stress levels in school personnel. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate current health status and awareness of individual health risk factors of school personnel using a health risk appraisal and select screening tools. One hundred eleven elementary and junior high school faculty and staff participated in a health screening and computerized assessment to evaluate individual health status. Analysis revealed significant findings for cholesterol, HDL cholesterol ratio, mean arterial pressure, and perceived stress. Results from this study will assist school nurses in defining target health behavior areas for health promotion/wellness activities.
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Bevacizumab Plus FOLFOX4 as Second-Line Treatment of Colorectal Cancer (2007)

On June 20, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), administered in combination with FOLFOX4 (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) for the second-line treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. Efficacy and safety were demonstrated in one Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) open-label, multicenter, randomized, three-arm, active-controlled trial enrolling 829 adult patients. Patients had received a fluoropyrimidine- and irinotecan-based regimen as initial therapy for metastatic disease; or they had received prior adjuvant irinotecan-based chemotherapy and had recurred within 6 months of completing therapy. Treatments included bevacizumab, 10 mg/kg, as a 90-minute i.v. infusion on day 1, every 2 weeks, either alone or in combination with FOLFOX4, or FOLFOX4 alone. The bevacizumab monotherapy arm was closed to accrual after an interim efficacy analysis suggested a possibly shorter survival in that arm. Overall survival (OS), the primary study endpoint, was significantly longer for patients receiving bevacizumab in combination with FOLFOX4 than for those receiving FOLFOX4 alone. The objective response rate was significantly higher in the FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab arm than in the FOLFOX4 alone arm. The duration of response was approximately 6 months for both treatment arms. Patients treated with the bevacizumab combination were also reported, based on investigator assessment, to have significantly longer progression-free survival. There were no new bevacizumab safety signals. The most serious, and sometimes fatal, bevacizumab toxicities are gastrointestinal perforation, wound-healing complications, hemorrhage, arterial thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, nephrotic syndrome, and congestive heart failure.