gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Prevention of cerebral ischemia: anti-platelet agents]. (1999)

Besides the optimal management of risk factors for stroke and carotid surgery, antiplatelet agents are the cornerstone for prevention of cerebral ischaemia. The aim of this overview is to determine their role in the prevention of cerebral ischaemia, from available literature. In primary prevention, the benefit of aspirin has been established only for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and a low risk of cardioembolism, or as an alternative choice of warfarin, and in subjects at high risk of atherosclerosis. In secondary prevention, antiplatelet agents are effective to reduce the risk in patients with ischaemic stroke due to atherosclerosis: aspirin (50 to 1300 mg), ticlopidine (500 mg), clopidogrel (75 mg) and dipyridamole (400 mg) are effective, but the higher levels of risk reduction are obtained with clopidogrel, ticlopidine and the association aspirin--dipyridamole. Aspirin is recommended in most other causes of cerebral ischaemia, except in high risk cardiopathies when anticoagulation is possible. Other domains should still be explored: are antiplatelet agents also effective to reduce the risk of cerebral ischaemia in patients with other causes, especially lipohyalinosis of the deep perforators leading to lacunar infarcts? In daily practice, does prescription follow recommendations? Will it be possible to reproduce the results of the European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS)2? Are antiplatelet agents other than aspirin effective in non-valvular atrial fibrillation? Are other associations of antiplatelet agents more effective than these agents alone? Finally, what will be the role of new antiplatelet agents in the future?
Comparison of Coronary Plaque Rupture Between Stable Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction (2004)

Three-vessel IVUS imaging showed that culprit lesion plaque rupture, secondary remote plaque ruptures, and multiple plaque ruptures were all more common in AMI patients than SAP patients. In AMI patients, plaque rupture was associated with a high CRP level, whereas in SAP patients, plaque rupture was more common in those with diabetes.
Rate-Compatible Puncturing for Low-Density Parity-Check Codes With Dual-Diagonal Parity Structure (2006)

We investigate suitable puncturing patterns for circulant sub-matrices based quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes whose binary base matrices have dual-diagonal parity structure with a single weight-3 column. The proposed method develops the existing puncturing criteria, and exploits the structure of the parity-check matrix. The performance of the proposed puncturing patterns is quite competitive with the performance of dedicated codes for individual rates
Theoretical measurement uncertainty of white-light interferometry on rough surfaces (2003)

A great advantage of the white-light interferometry is that it can be used for profile objects with a rough surface. A speckle pattern that arises in the image plane allows one to observethe interference; however, this pattern is also the source of the measurement uncertainty. We derive the theoretical limits of the longitudinal uncertainty by virtue of the first-order statistics of thespeckle pattern. It is shown that this uncertainty depends on the surface roughness of the measured object only; it does not depend on the setup parameters.
Nitrate-induced photooxidation of trace organic chemicals in water (1987)

The oxidation kinetics of butyl chloride, nitrobenzene, anisole, and methylmercury in the presence of hydroxyl radical (<sup><B>·</B></sup>OH) scavengers were used to determine the rate and quantum efficiency for production of <sup><B>·</B></sup>OH from irradiated nitrate ions in water. The experiments were conducted under steady-state irradiations with monochromatic radiation (313 nm) and with sunlight. The mean quantum efficiency for <sup><B>·</B></sup>OH production at 313 nm rises from 0.013 ± 0.002 at 20 °C to 0.017 ± 0.003 at 30 °C in the pH range 6.2-8.2. Results of this study are used to estimate nitrate-induced photooxidation rates of trace organic chemicals under a variety of environmental conditions.
Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction for Engineers (1990)

1. Introduction. 2. The simplest description of continuous fluid flow. 3. The finite difference method. 4. Diffusion problems. 5. Transport as a combination of addiction and diffusion. 6. Descriptions of unsteady flows. 7. Solution methods for unsteady free surface flows. 8. Equilibrium methods. 9. Computational fluid dynamics of turbulence. 10. An introduction to some other numerical methods. Index.
Low-frequency capacitance measurements (1975)

The letter proposes a technique for the fast determination at extremely low frequencies of the capacitance and leakage components of capacitors. The proposed method permits the measurement of C and G in only a few cycles. An apparatus is described employing this technique for the automatic measurement of m.o.s. capacitance as a function of frequency and bias voltage.
Torque analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motors (2002)

The torque capability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives above rated speed is analyzed based on a proposed representation of the vector diagram. Mathematical equations and methods for graphical presentation of the torque capability are shown and applied to select motor parameters in a traction application. A commercially available salient pole PMSM is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
China's Oil Security Pipe Dream: The Reality, and Strategic Consequences, of Seaborne Imports (2010)

Abstract : Between now and 2025 the world's major economies likely still depend to a large degree on traditional energy sources. Oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are the two with inherent naval significance, as they must be transported by sea to the extent that domestic supplies or overland pipelines are insufficient. Indeed, maritime transport is almost always significantly cheaper than any overland alternatives. Private-sector analysts have produced detailed forecasts of supply and demand for these two critical commodities. But no researchers have yet produced a detailed study of the strategic and naval implications of Chinese energy access. The market focus of energy intelligence firms and the lack of security and technical information informing journalists in the energy field have so far precluded analysis of the issue. The National Intelligence Council's Global Trends 2025 report projects a still-preeminent U.S. joined by fast developing powers, notably India and China, atop a multipolar international system that will be subject to an increased likelihood of conflict over scarce resources-one of them being energy. This article assesses the relative dependence of China (as a consumer) on seaborne oil flows between now and 2025. China is now the world's second-largest oil user. It now imports half of its crude oil. Seaborne imports, which overland pipelines not reduce, constitute more than 80 percent of this total. China's oil security concerns help shape its military and policy priorities fundamentally, with significant implications for the U.S. Navy in coming years. Chinese security analysts and policy makers worry about their nation's excessive reliance on seaborne oil shipments. For the present, it underscores a question of fundamental importance concerning China's strategic orientation: To what extent China seek to transform itself from a continental to a continental-maritime power?
A policy change to more accurate terminology for fertilizers: P and K plant nutrient reporting changes to elemental basis (1964)

Future publications and other communications of the University of California will report amounts or percentages of a plant nutrient (whether in the plant, in the soil or in a fertilizer) in terms of the chemical element itself. This policy, aimed at simplification and the use of less confusing terminology, follows a similar official change by the American Society of Agronomy and a growing trend in publications of other states as well as within the fertilizer industry.
Finding the Right Partner in a 3D Genome (2013)

The three-dimensional organization of the genome plays a role in controlling legitimate and illegitimate DNA recombination.
Electrotherapy and Light Therapy (1936)

New information has been added to the original volume, and many revisions have been made. The book is divided into four sections. Part I deals with the fundamentals of electricity, and the chapters are written in a style that should appeal to the busy physician who has not had opportunity to keep abreast of the advances in applied physics. Part II is on general electrotherapy and electrodiagnosis. These chapters contain information on galvanic and faradic currents, on their indications in therapeutics, and on what might be expected in short wave diathermy. Writing on the last named field, the author is conservative in his statements. Part III concerns light therapy, with chapters devoted to infra-red, luminous and ultraviolet radiant energy. Part IV deals with applied electrotherapy and light therapy. There are chapters devoted to surgical diathermy, gynecology, and genito-urinary and proctologic conditions. The author calls attention to contraindications, as well as
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>-level energies of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ce</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and the crystalline environment. III. Oxides containing ionic complexes (2001)

Information on the energy of $5d$ levels of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions coordinated by ${\mathrm{CO}}_{3}^{2\ensuremath{-}},$ ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2\ensuremath{-}},$ ${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}^{3\ensuremath{-}},$ ${\mathrm{BO}}_{3}^{3\ensuremath{-}},$ and ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{4}^{4\ensuremath{-}}$ ionic complexes or by neutral water molecules in oxide compounds will be presented and systematically analyzed. The average energy of the $5d$ configuration of excited ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ is shifted towards lower energy relative to the free ion value. This centroid shift depends on the binding strength of the oxygen ligands in these ionic complexes. It will be analyzed by means of a model which provides a parameter that is directly related to the polarizability of the oxygen ligands. A qualitative relationship with the electronegativity of the cations in the compounds will be demonstrated. Crystal-field splitting of the $5d$ levels is interpreted in terms of the type and size of anion polyhedron coordinating the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ion. All data indicate that crystal-field splitting behaves independently from the centroid shift. By combining centroid shift and crystal-field splitting, the redshift of the first electric dipole-allowed $\mathrm{fd}$ transition in ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$-doped oxide compounds will be interpreted.
Effects of Abomasal Infusions of Safflower Oil or Elaidic Acid on Blood Lipids and Milk Fat in Dairy Cows (1974)

In each of three trials with abomasallyfistulated lactating Holstein cows, we compared control rations to the same ration plus abomasal infusion of safflower oil or elaidie acid. In Trial 1, 250 m] safflower oil were infused over 4 h daily for 3 wk. Trial 2 involved infusing 560 ml safflower oil over 4 h daily for 1 wk. In Trial 3 elaidic acid was infused daily for 1 wk.
Reactivity of Benzylic Acylammonium Chlorides. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of N-Phenacylamides (1997)

Abstract Tertiary amines 1 reacted with acid chlorides 2 to give corresponding benzyl chlorides and N-phenacylamides 4 . Counterion in species 3 attacked preferentially the benzylic methylene. Effect of substituents in the benzyl group on the reactivity of acylammonium chlorides 3 was investigated.
Nanoresonators in Sensors and Molecular Transportation: An Introduction to the Possibilities of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Sheets (2014)

Recent studies in the growing field of nanotechnology have been oriented toward the development of nanomechanical resonator systems. The ultrahigh frequency of nanoresonators facilitates a wide range of new applications such as ultrahigh-frequency-sensitive sensors, molecular transportation, high-frequency signal processing, biological imaging, quantum measurement, and radio-frequency communications. In this article, the applications of nanoresonators made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene in sensors and molecular transportation are reviewed. Studies on the use of nanoresonators for the detection of atoms/molecules based on vibration and wave propagation analyses are outlined.
Charge-Dipole Model for the Universal Field Dependence of Mobilities in Molecularly Doped Polymers (1996)

Using the general result that the mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ of charge carriers driven in a spatially correlated random potential by an electric field $E$ can be expressed in terms of the Laplace transform of a particular correlation function related to the random potential, we demonstrate that the exponential dependence of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ on $\sqrt{E}$ universally observed in molecularly doped polymers arises naturally from the interaction of charge carriers with randomly distributed permanent dipoles.
PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE STUDIES II- A MICROWAVE POWERED HYDROGEN LAMP FOR VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOCHEMISTRY (1961)

Instrumentation for planetary atmosphere studies - a microwave hydrogen lamp for vacuum ultraviolet photochemistry
Expression and purification of the recombinant subunits of toluene/<i>o</i>‐xylene monooxygenase and reconstitution of the active complex (2002)

This paper describes the cloning of the genes coding for each component of the complex of toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1, their expression, purification and characterization. Moreover, the reconstitution of the active complex from the recombinant subunits has been obtained, and the functional role of each component in the electron transfer from the electron donor to molecular oxygen has been determined. The coexpression of subunits B, E and A leads to the formation of a subcomplex, named H, with a quaternary structure (BEA)2, endowed with hydroxylase activity. Tomo F component is an NADH oxidoreductase. The purified enzyme contains about 1 mol of FAD, 2 mol of iron, and 2 mol of acid labile sulfide per mol of protein, as expected for the presence of one [2Fe-2S] cluster, and exhibits a typical flavodoxin absorption spectrum. Interestingly, the sequence of the protein does not correspond to that previously predicted on the basis of DNA sequence. We have shown that this depends on minor errors in the gene sequence that we have corrected. C component is a Rieske-type ferredoxin, whose iron and acid labile sulfide content is in agreement with the presence of one [2Fe-2S] cluster. The cluster is very sensitive to oxygen damage. Mixtures of the subcomplex H and of the subunits F, C and D are able to oxidize p-cresol into 4-methylcathecol, thus demonstrating the full functionality of the recombinant subunits as purified. Finally, experimental evidence is reported which strongly support a model for the electron transfer. Subunit F is the first member of an electron transport chain which transfers electrons from NADH to C, which tunnels them to H subcomplex, and eventually to molecular oxygen.
Object Identifiers, Keys, and Surrogates: Object Identifiers Revisited (1995)

Sound naming schemes for objects are crucial in many parts of computer science, such as database modeling, database implementation, distributed and federated databases, and networked and distributed operating systems. Over the past 20 years, physical pointers, keys, surrogates and object identifiers have been used as naming schemes in database systems and elsewhere. However, there are some persistent confusions about the nature, applicability and limits of these schemes. In this article we give a detailed comparison of three naming schemes, viz. object identifiers, internal identifiers (often called surrogates) and keys. We discuss several ways in which identification schemes can be implemented, and show what the theoretical and practical limits of applicability of identification schemes are, independently from how they are implemented. In particular, we discuss problems with the recognition and authentication of identifiers. If the identified objects are persons, an additional problem is that object identification may conflict with privacy demands; for this case, we indicate a way in which identification can be combined with privacy protection.
Implementing a cognition cycle with words computation (2011)

Implementing a cognition cycle provides a real impression of the mechanisms of a natural intelligence system for explaining interdependent information processing activities among cognitive processes of the brain. The nature of information processing in the human brain is fuzzy. In this article, the Motivation/Attitude Driven Behavior (MADB) model as a kind of a cognition cycle is developed according to the fuzzy sets theory, a psychological model for managing new information is proposed, and applications of the behavioral models in computer engineering and especially computational intelligence are introduced and discussed. Subsequently, the transmissions of information in the MADB model are simulated toward implementing an intelligent humanoid behavior mechanism, and, finally, the results of the simulation are analyzed.
Low Complexity Syndrome-Based Decoding Algorithm Applied to Block Turbo Codes (2018)

This paper presents a technique for reducing the decoding complexity of block turbo code with an extended Hamming code as a component code. In conventional decoding algorithms, when an input vector has a zero syndrome, complexity can be reduced by using the hard-input soft-output (HISO) algorithm. Although sufficient error correction can be achieved using hard decision decoding (HDD) of a component code, conventional methods have used the soft-input soft-output (SISO) algorithm for input vectors with a single error. However, when HDD is applied to all input vectors in which the syndrome is detected as a single error, performance loss occurs owing to the occasional presence of input vectors with triple errors. To solve this problem, we used two criteria for distinguishing between instances of single and triple errors. We maximized the applied rates of the HDD-based HISO algorithm depending on whether the criteria were satisfied. The SISO algorithm was applied when the two criteria were not met. In this case, the number of HDD usages can be reduced to half by removing duplicates or unnecessary candidate codewords. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can considerably reduce decoding complexity without performance loss compared with conventional algorithms.
Comparison of resolution characteristics between exponential-doping and uniform-doping GaN photocathodes (2013)

The studies of quantum efficiency, electronic energy distribution and stability are highly concerned in the application of Negative electron affinity (NEA) gallium nitride (GaN) photocathodes while the resolution of photocathodes are concerned rarely. The resolutions of some image intensifiers are smaller than computational value partly because of ignoring the resolution of photocathodes. To a certain extent, the resolutions of image intensifiers are influenced by photocathodes. Electronic transverse diffusion is the main cause of decreasing the resolution of photocathodes whereas the exponential-doping structure can reduce its influence. In this paper, the resolution characteristics of photocathodes have been studied by using the modulation transfer function (MTF) method. The MTF expressions of transmission-mode exponential-doping photocathodes have been obtained by solving the two-dimensional continuity equations. According to the MTF expressions, the resolution characteristics between exponential-doping and uniform-doping GaN photocathodes are calculated theoretically and analyzed comparatively. At the same time, the relationships between resolution and thickness of the emission layer T<sub>e</sub>, electron diffusion length L<sub>D</sub> are researched in detail. The calculated results show that, compared with the uniform-doping photocathode, the exponential-doping structure can increase the resolution of photocathode evidently. The resolution of exponential-doping GaN photocathode is improved distinctly when the spatial frequency varies from 400 to 800 lp/mm. The MTF characteristics approach gradually when f increases or decreases. Let f =600 lp/mm, the resolution increases by 20%-48% approximately. The constant built-in electric field for exponential-doping GaN photocathode can increase the resolution of photocathode. The improvement of resolution is different from decreasing T<sub>e</sub>, L<sub>D</sub> or increasing the recombination velocity of back-interface which are at the cost of reducing the quantum efficiency of photocathode. Therefore, the MTF expressions of transmission-mode exponential-doping photocathode play a positive role in improving the resolution of ultraviolet detector and optimizing the structural design of GaN photocathode.
Fluorinated polyether additives to improve the performance of urea–formaldehyde adhesives for wood panels (2007)

Abstract Small amounts of fluorinated polyethers, and in particular a nonionic fluorinated polyether, can upgrade considerably the cold‐water swelling and internal bond strength of wood particleboard bonded with urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins. The effect is maximized at an additive concentration of about 0.1 wt % with respect to the adhesive resin solid content. The effect of the fluorinated polyether appears to be greater with older UF resins, which have a more pronounced colloidal state. The mechanism appears to be somewhat related to the reduction of the interfacial tension of the resins, with improved substrate wetting leading to better adhesion. The addition of a fluorinated polyether well in advance of resin use further enhances the improvement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Solid-phase epitaxy of implanted silicon at liquid nitrogen and room temperature induced by electron irradiation in the electron microscope (1990)

Electron-beam-induced solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) has been obtained on cross-sections of implanted Si layers, by in situ irradiation in the electron microscope, with electrons of energies of 200, 250 and 300 keV, at both room and liquid-nitrogen temperature. The, absence of a transition from SPE to layer-by-layer amorphization (which is observed during ion-beam irradiation on decreasing the temperature below a certain critical value) and the athemal nature of the electron-induced crystallization process below room temperature, indicate that, although elastic displacement is the basic mechanism of both processes, the models which describe ion-beam-induced epitaxy in the temperature range 200≤T≤400°C cannot be extrapolated to explain the results of electron irradiation below room temperature.