gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of amlodipine in hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction (1994)

Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was administered at 2.5-5.0 mg/day for 8 weeks to 35 hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction, and its efficacy and safety were evaluated. The target reduction in blood pressure was achieved in 28 of the 35 patients (80%), while blood pressure was decreased in 4 patients (11.4%) and unchanged in 3 patients (8.6%). A side effect of mild headache was reported by one patient (2.9%). In addition, abnormal changes in laboratory values were observed in five patients, but all of the changes were mild. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels both increased in two of these five patients, and serum creatinine levels increased in another two patients. Serum amlodipine concentration was 4.86 +/- 2.57 ng/ml (n = 8) and 3.01 +/- 1.02 ng/ml (n = 8) in patients receiving a daily dose of 2.5 mg for 2-5 weeks and 8-10 weeks, respectively. Serum concentration in patients receiving 5 mg from Weeks 2-6 was 9.72 +/- 6.89 ng/ml (n = 6) after 7-9 weeks, suggesting no tendency for the accumulation of this drug. The drug was rated as of clinical benefit in 27 of the 35 patients (77.1%), and as slightly beneficial in another 5 patients (14.3%). Thus, amlodipine significantly decreased the blood pressure while causing little or no aggravation of renal dysfunction in hypertensive patients with renal impairment.
Head-Trunk Coordination in Man: Is Trunk Angular Velocity Elicited by a Support Surface Movement the Only Factor Influencing Head Stabilization? (1992)

Abstract This chapter's objective is to answer the question about the coordination of head and trunk movements as to whether head movements follow those of the trunk, as a passive mass-spring-dashpot system would. Three important factors of postural control must be analyzed, including the definition of head stabilization, the fact that the displacement of body segments set in motion may be greater than the muscles' available contractile forces, and the possibility that the presence of rapid adaptation of neck extensor responses to successive platform rotations may represent switching to a head stabilization regulation mode. The purpose of this study is to clarify these issues and determine the degree to which the passive biomechanical properties may dominate the head movements on the trunk.
Ion Current from a Collision-Dominated Flowing Plasma to a Cylindrical Electrode Surrounded by a Thin Sheath (1970)

Experimental results for the ion current to a cylindrical electrode in a flowing continuum plasma are compared with the currents calculated from a convection-dependent thin-sheath theory obtained by extending the theory of Lam to cover convection rather than diffusion-generated currents. The relation derived with this theoryIi≈5.3ε01/4e3/4μi1/4rp1/4vf3/4ne3/4V1/2l, (mks)where ε0 is the permittivity of free space, e is the electronic charge, μi is the ion mobility, rp is the probe radius, vf is the plasma/probe velocity, ne is the ionization density, V is the probe bias, and l is the probe length, is found, on the average, to predict the experimental currents to within ±30% over ranges of 0.1–5 mm in probe radius, 5×102−4×103 cm/sec in probe/plasma velocity, 5×1016−2×1018/m3 ionization density, and 10–100 V in probe bias. Further support for a convection-dependent thin-sheath model is provided by two experimental observations: (1) The current is observed to vary as V1/2 as predicted by the convection-dependent theory rather than to saturate as would be expected of a diffusion-generated current. (2) Separate measurements reveal a marked asymmetry in the current distribution around the probe surface as expected in a thin-sheath situation.
Oligomeric state and membrane binding behaviour of creatine kinase isoenzymes: implications for cellular function and mitochondrial structure. (1998)

The membrane binding properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzymes are reviewed in this article. Differences between both dimeric and octameric mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) attached to membranes and the unbound form are elaborated with respect to possible biological function. The formation of crystalline mitochondrial inclusions under pathological conditions and its possible origin in the membrane attachment capabilities of Mi-CK are discussed. Finally, the implications of these results on mitochondrial energy transduction and structure are presented.
Rates of Convergence for Variable Resolution Schemes in Optimal Control (2000)

This paper presents a general method to derive tight rates of convergence for numerical approximations in optimal control when we consider variable resolution grids. We study the continuous-space, discrete-time, and discrete-controls case. Previous work described methods to obtain rates of convergence using general approximators (Bertsekas, 1987), multi-grid (Chow &amp; Tsitsiklis, 1991) or Random grids (Rust, 1996). These results provide bounds on the error of approximation of the value function as a function of the space discretization resolution (or the number of grid-points) which is assumed to be uniform. Consequently, they do not consider the benefit of using non-uniform resolutions. However, empirical results (Munos &amp; Moore, 1999b) have shown the importance of using variable resolution discretizations, especially for problem of high-dimensional state-space (in order to attack the &quot;curse of dimensionality&quot;). This paper provides some bounds on the approximation error of the value func...
Feline behaviour problems in Brazil: a review of 155 referral cases (2019)

Regional demographic reviews of the case loads of veterinary behaviour specialists help the profession recognise the problems of most concern to pet owners in a given area and thus local priorities, as well as opening up the potential to generate new hypotheses relating to the reasons for regional differences.
Determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption among children and adolescents: a review of the literature. Part I: Quantitative studies. (2006)

The determinants most consistently supported by evidence are gender, age, socio-economic position, preferences, parental intake and home availability/accessibility. There is a need for internationally comparative, longitudinal, theory-based and multi-level studies taking both personal and environmental factors into account. This paper is published as part of the special Pro Children series in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Please see [http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/3/1/26] for the relevant editorial.
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment in a French Horn Player (1997)

Nerve entrapment syndromes are frequent among musicians. Because of the demands on the musculoskeletal system and the great agility needed to per-form, musicians often present with vague complaints early in the course of entrapment, which makes the diagnosis a challenge for the clinician. Presented here is such a case of ulnar nerve entrapment at the left elbow of a French horn player. This case points out some of the difficulties in establishing a diagnosis of nerve entrapment in musicians. It also supports the theory that prolonged elbow flexion and repetitive finger movement contribute to the development of ulnar entrapment at the elbow. Although surgery is not required for most of the musculoskeletal problems of musicians, release of an entrapped nerve refractory to conservative therapy may be career-saving for the musician.
Diagnostic power of fibroscan in predicting liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease† (2009)

We read with great interest the article titled “Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”, published in HEPATOLOGY.1 In this work, Wong et al. evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography by Fibroscan in the measurement of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, 309 consecutive adult patients with NAFLD, mean age 51 ± 11 years, underwent transient elastography and liver biopsies, but only 246 were included in the analysis. Interestingly, the authors found that at cutoff value of 7.9 kPa, the negative predictive values to exclude fibrosis stage ≥F3 disease were 52% and 97%, respectively. These results are very similar to those reported by Nobili et al.2 in pediatric patients. In fact, transient elastography performed on 52 consecutive children with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (mean age 13.6 ± 2.44 years), showed that cutoff values between 7 and 9 kPa predict fibrosis stages 1 or 2, and a value ≥9 kPa are associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis. Similarities in the cutoff values found in these two articles show that the patient's age, as well as body mass index, are irrelevant factors to establish the diagnostic accuracy of Fibroscan. However, the question remains whether assessment of fibrosis by transient elastography is a noninvasive technique able to completely replace biopsy or if its power to diagnose advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD remains modest. Our experience with children with NASH suggests that transient elastography by Fibroscan is an accurate and reproducible methodology to discriminate patients without any degree of fibrosis from those with advanced fibrosis; Wong et al. indicate that this consideration is equally applicable in adults. Although all these findings reinforce the idea that the measurement of liver stiffness by transient elastography may be considered a screening test, there is ample evidence3, 4 that its combination with blood markers may significantly improve the accuracy of the noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and, consequently, decrease the necessity of liver biopsy, both in adults and children. Anna Alisi Ph.D.*, Massimo Pinzani M.D. , Valerio Nobili M.D.*, * Liver Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, and Research Institute, Rome, Italy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
Efficient Metallo−Ene Reactions in Organoaqueous Phase (2001)

[reaction: see text] The easily prepared catalyst systems PdCl(2), RhCl(2)(COD)(2), NiCl(2).6H(2)O, or Ni(COD)(2)/TPPTS have been found to form a C-C bond in organoaqueous medium. Intramolecular metallo-ene reactions have been efficiently realized. Metal selectivity has been discovered.
Effect of dietary fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins and high density lipoprotein metabolism of the rhesus monkey. (1987)

Rhesus monkeys were fed corn or coconut oil-based diets for 3-6 mo to determine effects on the composition of all lipoprotein classes and on the metabolism of high density lipoproteins (HDL). Major findings included the following. Coconut oil feeding increased concentrations of all classes of plasma lipoproteins without altering lipoprotein size, suggesting an increase in particle number. The percentage of saturated fatty acids in the cholesteryl esters (CE) of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL reached 40% with coconut oil feeding. This value probably constitutes a minimum estimate of the CE which were of intracellular rather than intraplasmic origin. The CE in LDL and HDL were nearly identical suggesting virtually complete equilibration by the core lipid transfer reaction. The CE in very low density lipoproteins, in contrast, were significantly more saturated than those in LDL and HDL irrespective of diet. Lower HDL levels on the corn oil diet were associated with higher fractional catabolic rates for both apolipoprotein A-I (0.42 vs. 0.31 d-1) and apolipoprotein A-II (0.45 vs. 0.30 d-1).
An iterated SHP algorithm to a real-life 1.5 dimensional cutting-stock problem (2006)

Deltas and alluvial fans preserved on the surface of Mars provide an important record of surface water flow. Understanding how surface water flow could have produced the observed morphology is fundamental to understanding the history of water on Mars. To date, morphological studies have provided only minimum time estimates for the longevity of martian hydrologic events, which range from decades to millions of years. Here we use sand flume studies to show that the distinct morphology of martian stepped (terraced) deltas could only have originated from a single basin-filling event on a timescale of tens of years. Stepped deltas therefore provide a minimum and maximum constraint on the duration and magnitude of some surface flows on Mars. We estimate that the amount of water required to fill the basin and deposit the delta is comparable to the amount of water discharged by large terrestrial rivers, such as the Mississippi. The massive discharge, short timescale, and the associated short canyon lengths favour the hypothesis that stepped fans are terraced delta deposits draped over an alluvial fan and formed by water released suddenly from subsurface storage.
Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 2,3-Difunctionalized- Norbornadienes by Mo(CH-t-Bu)(N-2,6-C(6)H(3)-i-Pr(2)(O-t-Bu)(2) (1990)

Abstract : Benzonorbornadiene 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene and 2,3- bis(trifluoromethyl)norbornadiene can be polymerized by Mo(CH-t-Bu)(NAr)(O-t-Bu) 2(Mo(CH-t-Bu)) in a well-behaved living manner to give essentially monodisperse homopolymers. Two of the polymers and (especially) poly 5 are highly trans, and are believed to be tactic. The rate of polymerization is approximately thirty times faster at room temperature, a factor of approximately ten of which can be ascribed to the lower reactivity and the remainder to the lower reactivity relative to 7-Isopropylidene-2-3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene is not polymerized at all by Mo(CH-t-Bu), although it does react with Mo(CH-t-Bu). An X-ray structure shows it to be a pseudo-tetrhedral species containing a syn alkylidene ligand (substituent pointing toward the imido nitrogen atom).
Diversion and Propagation of Viscoelastic Surfactant Based Acid in Carbonate Cores (2009)

Abstract Surfactants have been used over the past few years as a diverting material when mixed with acid solutions. Several papers are aimed to understand the overall process and the diversion capability. However, most of the coreflood experiments, if not all, used relatively short cores usually ranging between 2 to 6 inches in length and 1 to 1.5 inches in diameter. In this paper and for the first time, 20 inches long cores were used in conducting the acidizing experiments. The lithology of the rock type used was calcite, which has permeability of 50 to 120 md. In addition to the appropriate surfactant concentration, 15 wt% HCl was used. A key parameter such as flow rate, affects the behavior of the gelling material significantly. Therefore to capture that effect, flow rates chosen to be representative ranged between 5 and 15 cm3/min. A further analysis included is the effluent concentration for the mineral composition mainly Ca++. In addition, the acid concentration in the effluent was measured and validated with an analytical model to address the acid profile along the wormhole, which becomes an important aspect in understanding the flow of VES fluids in carbonate cores. Part of this study is to characterize the wormhole propagation expected from the acidizing process. To accomplish this task, computerized tomography (CT) was used to generate 3-D images to describe the shape of the wormhole. There is a major difference in the shape of the wormhole when using the diverting material compared to conventional acids. The wormhole path observed in the first case tended to have several changes in direction as the acid tried to find its way to propagate further and avoid any possible blockage caused by the diverting material. This phenomenon would not be captured with short cores that were used in the previous studies.
Relationship between serum lactate and ionized calcium in open-heart surgery. (1986)

Abstract We studied 16 patients undergoing open-heart surgery and heart-lung bypass, to examine the relationship between ionized calcium and lactate. Blood was sampled at successive stages of the operation for measurement of ionized and total calcium, lactate, blood gases, pH, hematocrit, and other constituents. We found that correlations between ionized calcium and lactate were positive and statistically significant (p less than 0.05), both among and within patients. The linear regression of ionized calcium on lactate remained highly significant (p less than 0.0001) after adjustment for variability among patients and across operative stages as well as after correction for pH and hemodilution. The significant regressions between calcium and lactate, both before and after administration of calcium, indicate a relationship for calcium and lactate in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.
Circadian Rhythm of Cyclic Nucleotide and GAB A Levels in the Rat Brain (1979)

Daily variation in the levels of cyclic nucleotides and GABA was examined in seven brain regions of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant daily rhythm of cyclic AMP levels was found in the cerebellum and pons medulla oblongata. Circadian variation of cyclic GMP levels was found in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus. Daily variation of GABA levels was found in the pons medulla oblongata and striatum. Cyclic GMP in the pons medulla oblongata and GABA in the hypothalamus were found to exhibit ultradian variation of levels. These observed daily fluctuations of baseline levels should be considered when examining the duration of action of various drugs upon these substances.
NMCQ4YK Development of a Low Cost Inferential Natural Gas Energy Flow Rate Prototype Retrofit Module (2008)

In 1998, a multi-year project to develop a working prototype instrument module for natural gas energy measurement was initiated. The module will be used to retrofit a natural gas custody transfer flow meter for energy measurement, at a cost an order of magnitude lower than a gas chromatograph. Development and evaluation of the prototype energy meter in 2002-2003 included: (1) refinement of the algorithm used to infer properties of the natural gas stream, such as heating value; (2) evaluation of potential sensing technologies for nitrogen content, improvements in carbon dioxide measurements, and improvements in ultrasonic measurement technology and signal processing for improved speed of sound measurements; (3) design, fabrication and testing of a new prototype energy meter module incorporating these algorithm and sensor refinements; and (4) laboratory and field performance tests of the original and modified energy meter modules.Field tests of the original energy meter module have provided results in close agreement with an onsite gas chromatograph. The original algorithm has also been tested at a field site as a stand-alone application using measurements from in situ instruments, and has demonstrated its usefulness as a diagnostic tool. The algorithm has been revised to use measurement technologies existing in the module to measure the gas stream at multiple states and infer nitrogen content. The instrumentation module has also been modified to incorporate recent improvements in CO2 and sound speed sensing technology. Laboratory testing of the upgraded module has identified additional testing needed to attain the target accuracy in sound speed measurements and heating value.
Mapping of the X-linked agammaglobulinemia locus by use of restriction fragment-length polymorphism. (1986)

A molecular linkage analysis in 11 families with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) localized the XLA gene to the proximal part of the long arm of the human X chromosome. Significant linkage was detected between XLA and loci defined by two polymorphic DNA probes called 19-2 for the DXS3 locus and S21 for the DXS17 locus. Both localize to the region Xq21.3-Xq22. Most likely recombination distances (theta) and associated logarithm of the odds (lod) scores for the XLA-DXS3 and XLA-DXS17 pairs were theta = 0.04 morgans (lod, 3.65) and theta = 0 (lod, 2.17), respectively. Tight linkage between XLA and the locus DXS43 defined by the X short arm probe D2 (localized to Xp22-Xp21) was strongly excluded and we obtained no evidence for significant linkage between XLA and any other X short arm probe. The probe pair 19-2 and S21 should be informative for molecular linkage-based analysis of XLA segregation in the majority of families afflicted with this disorder.
THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THIAMINE IN MAN (1943)

The thiamine requirements of man are not known with accuracy. The daily allowances recommended by the National Research Council's committee on medical nutrition were based on three experimental studies of induced thiamine deficiency in human volunteers<sup>1</sup>which did not show very close agreement in regard to the minimal requirement. The difficulty encountered in experiments of this kind, one which we have experienced ourselves, is the great variation in the thiamine content of natural foods, making it next to impossible to maintain a constant intake when such foods are given. In order to avoid this difficulty and to control thiamine intake accurately we undertook experiments on a synthetic diet in which vitamins were supplied exclusively by a vitamin mixture given with each meal in weighed amounts. The subjects of this study consisted of 9 adolescent young adult males from 16 to 23 years of age, living a sedentary life in
Rigorous coupled-wave analysis and applications of grating diffraction (1993)

A review of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) as applied to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by gratings is presented. The analysis is valid for any polarization, angle of incidence, and for conical diffraction. Cascaded and/or multiplexed gratings as well as material anisotropy and loss can be incorporated under the same formalism. Volume and surface-relief gratings can be analyzed. Convergence analysis is presented for rectangular-groove surface-relief dielectric and metallic gratings. The role of multilevel surface-relief and holographic gratings in the substrate-mode photonic interconnect configuration is investigated. Results obtained using the RCWA are presented for 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-level surface-relief gratings and are compared with the predictions of the simple scalar model. Two practical configurations are analyzed: (a) a silicon substrate at a freespace wavelength of 1.3 microns and (b) a glass substrate at a freespace wavelength of 0.84 microns. Equivalent holographic gratings are also designed and compared. Small period rectangular groove gratings can also be modeled using approximately equivalent uniaxial homogeneous layers (effective media). The ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of these layers depend on the grating filling factor, the refractive indices of the substrate and superstrate, and the ratio of the freespace wavelength to grating period. It is shown how these models result from the eigenvalue equation of the boundary-value rectangular-groove grating problem. Comparisons of the homogeneous effective medium approximations with the rigorous coupled-wave analysis are presented. Antireflection designs (single-layer or multilayer) using the effective medium models are presented and compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition and Main Group Metals in Cyclic Phosphazanes and Phosphazenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.