gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of mechanical wounding, current application and heat treatment on chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment composition in tomato plants (1999)

Chlorophyll fluorescence quenching parameters and pigment content of wild‐type tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Moneymaker) were analyzed upon mechanical wounding, current application and heat treatment. Upon all stimuli the non‐photochemical quenching increased significantly in local and systemic tissue. Vice versa, the photochemical quenching decreased. Total chlorophyll content remained almost constant, zeaxanthin content increased 5–6‐fold, antheraxanthin content rose also, violaxanthin and neoxanthin on the other hand decreased significantly. These data indicate a similarity of processes on the level of photosynthesis and pigment composition that are induced by light‐stress and those induced by mechanical wounding, current application and heat treatment, which all lead to an inhibition of photosynthesis.
Varicella Vendetta: Plotkin's Plug (1977)

In the January 1977 issue there were two articles by Asano et al. concerning a Japanese live vaccine against varicella. Preceding the articles was a commentary by Philip Brunell denouncing the studies described. Although my friend Dr. Brunell and I have already presented opposing views on this subject in a previous issue of Pediatrics, I think fairness requires that your readers hear the other side once again. Somewhere Montaigne wrote that the three stages of scientists' reactions to a new fact are first that it's not true, second that it's true but not important, and third that it's important but obvious.
TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPER-PLASIA WITH CORTISONE* (1951)

CONGENITAL adrenal hyperplasia causes pseudohermaphrodism in females and macrogenitosomia precox in males. The differentiation of these conditions from other types of intersexuality and from various disorders causing male sexual precocity is well known (1). This type of hyperadrenocorticism in contrast to the Cushing type is characterized by accelerated growth, muscular development and epiphysial ossification, early growth of sexual hair and progressive virilization, all of which are due to excessive secretion of adrenal androgen. In most cases there are no evidences of disturbance of electrolyte or carbohydrate regulation; in others there is a disorder of electrolyte regulation causing symptoms similar to those of Addison's disease and often leading to death. Unsuccessful attempts (unpublished) have been made by us to suppress the secretion of androgen in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia by the administration of steroids, such as 17-ethyl testosterone, 17-vinyl testosterone, 17-methyl androstenediol and 17-methyl androstanediol, which have a chemical structure similar to that of androgens but possess relatively little androgenic activity. Treatment of patients with cortisone (ll-dehydro-17-hydroxycorticosterone acetate) was begun in January 1950 and preliminary reports of the first cases have been published (2, 3). This paper presents in more detail the results we have observed following the administration of cortisone to 6 females and 2 males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and includes the findings of other observers in 2 additional cases.
Efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with (<sup>90</sup>Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan is superior as consolidation in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma: Results of two phase II trials of the European MCL Network and the PLRG (2006)

7533 Background: Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has demonstrated high clinical efficacy in follicular lymphoma but varying results in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Methods: We performed a comparative analysis of two phase II studies with similar inclusion criteria to identify potential predictors of response. 32 patients with relapsed or refractory MCL, WHO performance status ≤2, appropriate hematopoesis (ANC > 1,500/mm 3 , platelets > 100,000/mm 3 ) and adequate function of liver and kidneys were treated with RIT upfront (Arm A, n = 16) or as consolidation after initial cytoreduction (Arm B, n = 16). 28 patients (88%) had been previously treated with rituximab. Patients with >25% bone marrow involvement, known CNS lymphoma, HIV infection or other severe concurrent disease were excluded. Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) was applied at a dose of 15 MBq 90 Y/kg, whereas patients with reduced platelet counts (<150,000/mm 3) received 11 MBq 90 Y/kg. Results: The median age was 66.9 years (range 58–72) in Arm A and 63.1 years (range 45–79) in Arm B. The median number of prior regimens was 4 (range 2–6) in Arm A and 1 (1–5) in Arm B. RIT treatment was generally well tolerated with the most common toxicities being hematologic. Thrombocytopenia grade 3 and 4 was observed in 69% of patients, one patient died of hemorrhagic stroke. Granulocytopenia grade 4 occurred in 34% of patients, one patient developed a grade 4 infectious complication. Currently 22 patients are evaluable for response rate and duration of remission (DR). In Arm A a partial response (PR) was observed in 2 of 6 evaluable patients (33.3%) with a median DR of 3.9 months only. In Arm B chemoinduction achieved 2 complete responses (CR) and 14 PR. Following RIT seven of 14 PR patients (50%) converted to CR. Currently, 13 of 16 patients (81%) are still in remission. As expected the most important adverse risk factor was bulky disease before RIT with no responses seen in this patient population. Patients with less prior therapeutic lines (< 2) had significantly higher response rates. Conclusions: In future trials, RIT should be applied earlier in the treatment algorithm of MCL after a debulking strategy with combined immuno-chemotherapy. [Table: see text]
502 INDEPENDENT VALIDATION OF THE 2009 AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER TNM CLASSIFICATION FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA USING A LARGE, SINGLE INSTITUTION COHORT (2010)

You have accessJournal of UrologyKidney Cancer: Evaluation and Staging I1 Apr 2010502 INDEPENDENT VALIDATION OF THE 2009 AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER TNM CLASSIFICATION FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA USING A LARGE, SINGLE INSTITUTION COHORT Angela Alt, Michael Blute, Igor Frank, John Cheville, and Allmer Cristine Angela AltAngela Alt More articles by this author , Michael BluteMichael Blute More articles by this author , Igor FrankIgor Frank More articles by this author , John ChevilleJohn Cheville More articles by this author , and Allmer CristineAllmer Cristine More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.578AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The TNM classification for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was updated by the American Joint Committee on Cancer in 2009. In the current study we evaluated the 2009 classification and compared its predictive ability to the 2002 classification. METHODS We studied 3,996 patients treated with radical nephrectomy or nephron sparing surgery for unilateral or bilateral synchronous RCC between 1976 and 2006. Cancer specific survival (CSS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The predictive abilities of the 2002 and 2009 classifications were compared using concordance indexes. RESULTS There were 1165 deaths from RCC at a median of 1.9 years. Median follow up for patients alive at last follow up was 7.4 years. Estimated 10 year CSS rates by the 2009 primary tumor classification were 96%, 80%, 66%, 55%, 36%, 26%, 25%, and 12% for 2009 pT1a, pT1b, pT2a, pT2b, pT3a, pT3b, pT3c, and pT4 patients, respectively (p<0.001). The concordance indexes for the 2002 and 2009 TNM classifications were 0.848 and 0.850, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the 2009 classification with pT2 lesions divided into pT2a and pT2b, ipsilateral adrenal involvement reclassified as pT4, renal vein involvement reclassified as pT3a, and nodal involvement simplified to N0 versus N1 resulted in a modest improvement in predictive ability compared to the 2002 classification. Rochester, MN© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e198 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Angela Alt More articles by this author Michael Blute More articles by this author Igor Frank More articles by this author John Cheville More articles by this author Allmer Cristine More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
ChemInform Abstract: The PtCl2‐ 4/Thiamin System. Structures of a Complex, Pt(thiamin)Cl3·H2O, and Two Salts, (Hthiamin)(PtCl4) and (Hthiamin)2(PtCl4)Cl2·2 H2O. (1988)

Abstract The interaction of thiamin with (PtCl 4 ) 2‐ in aqueous solution leads to the title compounds (I), (II), and (III), whose structures are determined by X‐ray analysis.
High confidence recognition of persons by iris patterns (2001)

Algorithms developed by the author for recognizing persons by their iris patterns have now been tested in six field and laboratory trials, producing no false matches in several million comparison tests. The recognition principle is the failure of a test of statistical independence on iris phase structure encoded by multi-scale quadrature wavelets. The combinatorial complexity of this phase information across different persons spans about 244 degrees of freedom and generates a discrimination entropy of about 3.2 bits/mm/sup 2/ over the iris, enabling real-time decisions about personal identity with extremely high confidence. The high confidence levels are important because they allow very large databases to be searched exhaustively (one-to-many "identification mode") without making any false matches, despite so many chances. Biometrics lacking this property can only survive one-to-one ("verification") or few comparisons. The paper explains the algorithms for iris recognition, and presents the results of 2.3 million comparisons among eye images acquired in trials in Britain, the USA, and Japan.
An NMOS test chip for a course in semiconductor parameter measurements (1984)

Cross section of an n-channel silicon gate enhancement MOSFET . . 17 Key to Photomask Levels 18 3a. Polysilicon cross-bridge resistor 3b. Diffused cross-bridge resistor . 3c. Metal cross-bridge resistor 21 4. Polysilicon split-bridge resistor .. 5a.
Local increase of beta 1-integrin expression in cocultures of immortalized hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells. (1994)

The expression and spatial arrangement of beta 1-integrins was determined on two immortalized liver cell lines held in coculture, namely the epithelial cell line mHepR1 and a sinusoidal endothelial cell line. On mHepR1 cells the distribution of beta 1-integrins was restricted to the basolateral plasma membrane domains, a staining pattern that is typical of polarized epithelial cells. On the endothelial cell line the beta 1-integrins were distributed all over the cell surface. In coculture the endothelial cells tended to cover over the epithelial cells. Epithelial cells located in their vicinity exhibited an increased staining of beta 1-integrins at basolateral plasma membrane domains, which was most prominent with regard to the alpha 2-subunit. When mHepR1 cells were cultivated on various types of extracellular matrix also synthesized by the endothelial cells only collagen IV was found to increase the intensity of beta 1-integrin expression at the cell surface. The results indicate that beta 1-integrin expression in epithelial cell colonies can locally be modulated by interactions with non-parenchymal cells. In addition, the data suggest that mHepR1 cells may be a favorable system for analyzing basic functions of beta 1-integrins in polarized epithelial cells.
Unrestricted availability of intracoronary stents is associated with decreased abrupt vascular closure rates and improved early clinical outcomes (2002)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the unrestricted availability of intracoronary stents is affecting abrupt vascular closure rates and early clinical outcomes. Intracoronary stents have improved procedural outcome despite their application in more complex lesions, but the impact of unrestricted availability of stents on abrupt closure and early clinical outcomes is unknown. Two cohorts were identified retrospectively from a coronary intervention registry: patients treated between 1988 and 1992 (n = 3,617) when stents were not generally available, and patients treated between 1994 and 1997 (n = 4,518) when stents were freely available. The late cohort patients consisted of more females; it also had greater comorbidity and more complex presentation. However, there was a significant reduction in the abrupt closure rates between the two time periods (7% vs. 4%, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for female gender, thrombus, and lesion angulation, the late cohort remained significantly associated with decreased odds of abrupt closure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% upper and lower confidence intervals [CI] = 0.52-0.75, P = 0.0001). The late cohort also had decreased in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.91, CI = 0.86-0.95, P = 0.0002) and major adverse clinical event (OR = 0.93, CI = 0.91-0.96, P = 0.0001). Unrestricted availability of intracoronary stents is associated with reduced abrupt closure rates and improved early clinical outcomes among patients undergoing coronary intervention despite treatment of high-risk patients.
PREDATOR (2016)

Miscreants register thousands of new domains every day to launch Internet-scale attacks, such as spam, phishing, and drive-by downloads. Quickly and accurately determining a domain's reputation (association with malicious activity) provides a powerful tool for mitigating threats and protecting users. Yet, existing domain reputation systems work by observing domain use (e.g., lookup patterns, content hosted) often too late to prevent miscreants from reaping benefits of the attacks that they launch. As a complement to these systems, we explore the extent to which features evident at domain registration indicate a domain's subsequent use for malicious activity. We develop PREDATOR, an approach that uses only time-of-registration features to establish domain reputation. We base its design on the intuition that miscreants need to obtain many domains to ensure profitability and attack agility, leading to abnormal registration behaviors (e.g., burst registrations, textually similar names). We evaluate PREDATOR using registration logs of second-level .com and .net domains over five months. PREDATOR achieves a 70% detection rate with a false positive rate of 0.35%, thus making it an effective and early first line of defense against the misuse of DNS domains. It predicts malicious domains when they are registered, which is typically days or weeks earlier than existing DNS blacklists.
Near-Field Imaging of Surface Waves for Periodic Hole Arrays: Comparison between Metal and Absorber (2007)

We compare the near-field imaging of a free standing perforated metal film and a PMMA-graphite composite film with arrays of periodic holes at the terahertz frequency range of from 0.05 THz to 1.65 THz region.
Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders (2010)

The cerebral cortex has a central role in cognitive and emotional processing. As such, understanding the mechanisms that govern its development and function will be central to understanding the bases of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those that first appear in childhood. In this review, I highlight recent progress in elucidating genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that control cortical development. I discuss basic aspects of cortical developmental anatomy, and mechanisms that regulate cortical size and area formation, with an emphasis on the roles of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and specific transcription factors. I then examine how specific types of cortical excitatory projection neurons are generated, and how their axons grow along stereotyped pathways to their targets. Next, I address how cortical inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons are generated, and point out the role of these cells in controlling cortical plasticity and critical periods. The paper concludes with an examination of four possible developmental mechanisms that could contribute to some forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism.
Empfehlungen der Deutschen Atemwegsliga zur Spirometrie (2006)

Die Spirometrie ist eine einfache, schnelle, nichtinvasive und preisgünstige Untersuchung zur Messung von Lungenvolumina und Atemstromstärken. Ihr besonderer Wert liegt in der Diagnostik der sehr häufigen obstruktiven Ventilationsstörung und der Fähigkeit, deren therapeutische Beeinflussbarkeit zu objektivieren. In diesem Sinne dient sie zur Festlegung des Schweregrades obstruktiver Atmungserkrankungen und zur Beurteilung von Therapie, Krankheitsverlauf und Prognose. Aussagen über andere Störungen der Lungenfunktion, wie Gasaustausch oder Funktion der Atempumpe, sind nicht bzw. nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich. So können Patienten mit schwerster Ateminsuffizienz eine normale Spirometrie aufweisen. Mit der Spirometrie wird daher zwar ein sehr wichtiger, aber eben nur ein Teil der gesamten Lungenfunktion erfasst.
Pharmacological methyl group donors block skeletal metastasis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2015)

These studies provide a possible mechanism for the role of DNA demethylation in the development of skeletal metastasis and a rationale for the use of hypermethylation pharmacological agents to impede the development and progression of skeletal metastasis.
Application of Strong Optical Feedback to Enhance the Modulation Bandwidth of Semiconductor Lasers to the Millimeter-Wave Band (2015)

We report on the use of strong external optical feedback to enhance the modulation response of semiconductor lasers over a frequency passband around modulation frequencies higher than 60 GHz. We show that this modulation enhancement is a type of photon-photon resonance (PPR) of oscillating modes in the external cavity formed between the laser and the external reflector. The study is based on a time-delay rate equation model that takes into account both the strong feedback and multiple reflections in the external cavity. We examine the harmonic and intermodulation distortions associated with single and two-tone modulations in the mm-wave band of the resonant modulation. We show that compared with solitary lasers modulated around the carrier-photon resonance frequency, the present mm-wave modulated signal has lower distortions.
MyD88-dependent TLR pathways regulate B7 co-stimulator expression by stromal cells in the colonic mucosa (2011)

reduction of IFN-c and IL-17 levels. Inhibition was partly dependent on nitric oxide and superoxide generated by monocytes. This effect was not due to increased T cell apoptosis; on the contrary, they showed better viability than those cultured with neutrophils. Taken together, our results demonstrate that different populations of myeloid cells isolated from the chronically inflamed mouse colon have the potential to enhance and/or suppress T cell activation, viability and/or function. A better understanding of how these complex interactions contribute to disease pathogenesis may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with IBD.
Fresnel Lens with Embedded Vortices (2011)

Vortices of different charges are embedded in a wavefront that has quadratic phase variation, and the intensity distribution near the focal plane is studied. This method may be useful in realizing complicated beam profiles. We have experimentally demonstrated the generation of vortex arrays having integer as well as fractional topological charges that produce different intensity profiles at the focal plane. The phase variation realized on a spatial light modulator (SLM) acts as a Fresnel lens with embedded vortices.
Antimicrobial and molecular analysis of Salmonella serovar Livingstone strains isolated from humans in Tunisia and Belgium (2014)

A combination of different typing methods showed that the majority of Belgian strains and all Tunisian strains were closely related; they belonged to the same sequence type (ST543) and had the same virulence profile, but different antibiotic resistance profiles depended on the country of origin.
Idiopathische nicht spezifische orbitale Entzündung: anatomische Klassifikation und Therapieoptionen (2010)

Classification of NSI according to their anatomic pattern of involvement provides a useful framework for the clinical evaluation of these patients. Systemic steroids should be the first-line therapy in cases with NSI. However, if severe fibrosis in terms of SNSI is present, corticosteroid therapy is very likely to fail, so that surgical therapy should be considered early, especially in cases of relatively well-circumscribed lesions.
Low temperature Si-Si, SiO2-SiO2 covalent bonding structures with thin siloxane layer (2013)

We present new Si to Si, SiO2 to SiO2 bonding technologies for low temperature applications (&lt;200°C). Direct bonding process between Si (or SiO2) substrates makes high bonding strength without contamination problems. However, high temperature over 1000°C is needed for the reliable Si to Si and SiO2 to SiO2 direct bonding processes. To reduce the bonding temperature, thin siloxane layer and low-powered oxygen plasma treatment was used in this study. We used dimethyl siloxane layer having siloxane chains (-Si-O-)n and methyl ends. Siloxane layer is able to be bonded strongly with Si-based substrates at low temperature (&lt;200°C) when oxygen plasma is treated on it. Polymerized siloxane layer such as PDMS has much higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 300ppm/K than Si of 2.6ppm/K. When the bonded structure is cooled or heated, the interfaces is possibly distorted and cracked by the high residual stress between siloxane layer and Si substrate. To solve these problems, we developed new fabrications of reducing the siloxane layer thickness to 3∼4nm, that is the monomer layer levels. Extremely thin thickness of siloxane layer prevented the problems of the CTE differences. The Si to Si bonding structure with siloxane layer showed strong adhesion properties in this study. The bonded body kept reliable bonding force when it was heated to high temperature (∼900°C). The feasible wafer-level bonding process was demonstrated. We investigated the siloxane layer thickness by TEM images. The bonding strength was confirmed by dicing test by 1mm and measured over 20MPa. We also expended this new development to SiO2 to SiO2 bonding structures. Low temperature bonding between non-Si substrates such as GaN was possible with thin siloxane layer when amorphous Si thin film was deposited on these substrates.
Liquid-Filled and -Sealed Hard Gelatin Capsule Technologies (2002)

The hard gelatin capsule has been used for many years as an oral delivery form. Initially drugs in powdered or granular form were usually ﬁlled into the capsule to provide a unit dose that effectively masked the bitter taste of drugs in an easyto-swallow container. With the advent of pellet technology to modify the release properties of drugs, the capsule provided an ideal vehicle into which multiparticulates could be ﬁlled without risk of modifying the release characteristics by compression into tablets [1]. More recently, technology has been developed to accurately dose and seal liquids into hard gelatin capsules [2-4] and this chapter will review the areas of application of this technology, outline the requirements of the formulation, compare it with soft gelatin capsule technology, and describe a process for sealing hard gelatin capsules.