gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic integrity assessment of cryopreserved tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes (2015)

Shoot tips of five tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes were successfully cryopreserved by droplet vitrification. Recovered plants were studied for genetic stability by two different assays: amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) using 4 primer combinations and sequencing of lycopene $\\beta$-cyclase gene (LCY-B) from leaves. The highest shoot regeneration after cryopreservation was 70% (Pontica) following 24 h osmoprotection in 0.5 M sucrose and 30 min dehydration in plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). The data inferred from AFLP showed no genetic dissimilarities between in vitro regenerants derived from cryopreserved tissues compared with the noncryopreserved controls. Although a single nucleotide polymorphism, a G&amp;amp;rarr;T transversion, was identified in position 1139 in Capriciu and Darsirius, this was not due to the cryopreservation process itself, since it was detected in both cryopreserved and control samples. Thus, sequencing of LCY-B gene from leaves revealed no DNA damages after cryopreservation and subsequent in vitro regeneration. Our results indicate that cryostorage by droplet vitrification is an efficient and reliable technique to preserve the selected tomato genotypes and to regenerate true-to-type plants
Bringing a GAN to a Knife-Fight: Adapting Malware Communication to Avoid Detection (2018)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been successfully used in a large number of domains. This paper proposes the use of GANs for generating network traffic in order to mimic other types of traffic. In particular, our method modifies the network behavior of a real malware in order to mimic the traffic of a legitimate application, and therefore avoid detection. By modifying the source code of a malware to receive parameters from a GAN, it was possible to adapt the behavior of its Command and Control (C2) channel to mimic the behavior of Facebook chat network traffic. In this way, it was possible to avoid the detection of new-generation Intrusion Prevention Systems that use machine learning and behavioral characteristics. A real-life scenario was successfully implemented using the Stratosphere behavioral IPS in a router, while the malware and the GAN were deployed in the local network of our laboratory, and the C2 server was deployed in the cloud. Results show that a GAN can successfully modify the traffic of a malware to make it undetectable. The modified malware also tested if it was being blocked and used this information as a feedback to the GAN. This work envisions the possibility of self-adapting malware and self-adapting IPS.
Selective chemical etching of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using primary amines (1978)

Abstract Several primary amines have been examined as selective degradative etchants for the investigation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) morphology. The objective is to remove less ordered regions, leaving crystals intact. The amines include 40% and 20% aqueous methylamine, 70%–40% aqueous ethylamine and pure and 40% aqueous n‐propylamine. Weight‐loss and x‐ray diffraction data show that certain concentration of aqueous amine solution simultaneously degrade and crystallize PET. This observation indicates the hazard of using some of these amine reagents to characterize PET morphology since the crystalline structure found after etching is likely to be a result of solvent‐induced crystallization during degradation. Data for 40% aqueous methylamine used at room temperature shows that crystallization does not occur during etching, and in light of earlier research indicates the favorable nature of this reagent as a selective degradative medium for PET. Application of this reagent disclosed that in oriented PET fibers chemical stress cracking occurs, causing the degradative reagent to lose its selectivity.
Biodegradation of some tallow‐based surface active agents in river water (1964)

Abstract Thirty‐three anionic and six nonionic detergents have been screened for biodegradability using the river water 舠Die Away舡 test. Concentrations of nonionic detergents were best determined by the surface tension method. All fat‐derived compounds without mid chain substitution were found to degrade in Schuylkill River water at 20C in less than a week.
Trimethylamine and trimethylamine oxide levels in normal women and women with bacterial vaginosis reflect a local metabolism in vaginal secretion as compared to urine (2005)

The smell of rotten fish is one of the characteristics of bacterial vaginosis (BV), and is due to trimethylamine (TMA). Trimethylamine can be found in human urine, although most of it occurs as the nonvolatile oxide (TMAO) form. The fraction TMA/TMAO can be expected to be the same in different body fluids if no local production of TMA occurs. In women with BV, TMAO in the vaginal fluid is expected to be chemically reduced by the local bacterial flora to the much more odorous TMA. We have therefore studied the local vaginal production of TMA in vaginal secretion compared to the general TMA-TMAO metabolism that was measured in urine using gas chromatography. Both vaginal fluid and random urine samples were collected from women, with and without BV, attending a Swedish clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, and these samples were analyzed for TMA and TMAO. The results show that a local production of TMA occurs in the vagina that is not part of the general metabolism of TMA-TMAO.
The GTO — a new power switch (1982)

The gate turn-off switch (GTO) offers unique operational advantages for certain applications. This article describes the development, characteristics and design of the GTO
Retrieval of Crystallographically-Derived Molecular Geometry Information (2004)

The crystallographically determined bond length, valence angle, and torsion angle information in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has many uses. However, accessing it by means of conventional substructure searching requires nontrivial user intervention. In consequence, these valuable data have been underutilized and have not been directly accessible to client applications. The situation has been remedied by development of a new program (Mogul) for automated retrieval of molecular geometry data from the CSD. The program uses a system of keys to encode the chemical environments of fragments (bonds, valence angles, and acyclic torsions) from CSD structures. Fragments with identical keys are deemed to be chemically identical and are grouped together, and the distribution of the appropriate geometrical parameter (bond length, valence angle, or torsion angle) is computed and stored. Use of a search tree indexed on key values, together with a novel similarity calculation, then enables the distribution matching any given query fragment (or the distributions most closely matching, if an adequate exact match is unavailable) to be found easily and with no user intervention. Validation experiments indicate that, with rare exceptions, search results afford precise and unbiased estimates of molecular geometrical preferences. Such estimates may be used, for example, to validate the geometries of libraries of modeled molecules or of newly determined crystal structures or to assist structure solution from low-resolution (e.g. powder diffraction) X-ray data.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Containerized Microservices on Edge Gateway in Mobile IoT (2018)

Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) has drawn a great deal of attention and is envisioned in various sectors in the near future due to its promising benefits. However, the constant and rapid growth in IoT devices also brings new challenges due to constrained power and resources associated to them. One of the challenges is to provide seamless connectivity in mobile IoT. Secondly, IoT devices may stream enormous amount of data; hence, providing a solution that can effectively reduce service cost of data transfer. Finally, there are challenges in management and deployment of services running at mobile IoT Edge Gateway. In this context, containerized virtualization solution could play a key role in support of efficient management and deployment of microservices to provide seamless connectivity. This paper proposes a lightweight container-based virtualization technology for IoT, which employs Docker container-based microservices architecture for effectively deploying applications in a virtualized ecosystem. We evaluated the performance of the proposed solution on real IoT testbed using Raspberry Pi 3 as a mobile IoT Edge Gateway for network handover decision making among various alternatives, such as Wi-Fi, Radio, and Satellite. The results demonstrated better performance compared with the native environment, i.e., the one without introduction of a virtualization layer. The results also showed that the Docker container produces negligible resource overhead and can be used on resource constrained mobile IoT Edge Gateway devices like Raspberry Pi 3 for efficiently managing IoT application and services.
Strongly cumulative second harmonic generation in a plate with quadratic nonlinearity: Finite element simulation (2013)

A comprehensive analysis for guided wave preferred fundamental excitation that satisfies cumulative conditions of second harmonic generation in a weakly nonlinear plate has been carried out and then confirmed by finite element modeling for selected cases. The properties of nonlinear forcing terms and secondary mode shapes are manipulated to determine the cumulative second harmonics. Analysis shows that the synchronism points with higher power flux intensity are the preferred fundamental excitations that are suitable for nonlinear guided wave NDE. Finite element modeling of SH mode and Lamb mode fundamental excitation has been conducted on the excitation points selected by the co-analysis method. A linear increase of qualitative nonlinear parameter over the propagation distance has been observed for both Lamb wave and SH wave fundamental excitations.
Anomalous NMOSFET hot carrier degradation due to hole injection in a DGO CMOS process (2005)

It has been reported that MOSFET hot carrier (HC) performance is degraded by back-end-of-line (BEOL) processing steps such as interlayer dielectric film deposition, passivation, and H/sub 2/ annealing. These effects are associated with the incorporation of additional hydrogen at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface states to passivate dangling bonds. This paper focuses on an unusual (anomalous) I/sub Dsat/ HC degradation behavior seen on a dual gate oxide (DGO) NMOSFET device that was determined to be caused by a dielectric (SiON) contact etch stop process step. This paper presents a novel NMOSFET HC degradation behavior model based on HC injected positive trapped charge that is spatially separated from the normal HC trapped electron charge. This paper shows that this charge separation and positive charge injection creates a secondary impact ionization site that is within the device channel and results in anomalous and accelerated I/sub Dsat/ HC degradation behavior.
An open-label phase 2 trial of entospletinib (GS-9973), a selective spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2015)

Small-molecule inhibitors of kinases involved in B-cell receptor signaling are an important advance in managing lymphoid malignancies. Entospletinib (GS-9973) is an oral, selective inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase. This multicenter, phase 2 study enrolled subjects with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n = 41) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 145). Participants received 800 mg entospletinib twice daily. We report efficacy outcomes in the CLL cohort (n = 41) and safety outcomes in all cohorts (N = 186). The primary end point was a progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 24 weeks in subjects with CLL. The PFS rate at 24 weeks was 70.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3%-82.7%); median PFS was 13.8 months (95% CI, 7.7 months to not reached). The objective response rate was 61.0% (95% CI, 44.5%-75.8%), including 3 subjects (7.3%) who achieved nodal response with persistent lymphocytosis. Fifty-four subjects (29.0%) had serious adverse events (SAEs). The most common treatment-emergent SAEs included dyspnea, pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, dehydration, and pyrexia. Common grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities included neutropenia (14.5%) and reversible alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase elevations (13.4%). Entospletinib demonstrates clinical activity in subjects with relapsed or refractory CLL with acceptable toxicity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01799889.
Evolution of the Ethernet Local Computer Network (1982)

The Ethernet system is a local computer network that supports high-speed packet switching in a locally distributed computing environment. This paper highlights some important elements of the basic system, and traces the evolution of the design from a research prototype to the specification of a multi-company standard. Starting from the Experimental Ethernet, we discuss tradeoffs among alternative implementations and design strategies which led to the Ethernet Specification. A concise summary of the Ethernet Specification is also included. CR Categories: 3.81.
Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements (1992)

Abstract : Our research group has designed and implemented a symbolic knowledge representation system called PARKA which runs on the Connection Machine, a massively parallel SfMD computer. The semantics of this system are discussed. The details of the Connection Machine implementation and discussions of performance considerations can he found. In the past year the PARKA project has made significant advances along several fronts of both theoretical and practical significance. This paper summarizes some of this work and outlines directions for further research.
Non-neoplastic disorders of the parotid gland. (1981)

The parotid glands are subject to many pathological disorders other than neoplastic diseases. This large group of disorders is classified for the parotid glands into infectious, metabolic and endocrine, traumatic, congenital, and acquired cystic diseases. The other major salivary glands also can be affected by many of these conditions. In recent years more and more patients have been examined and treated who have had diseases classified according to our concepts. Surgical procedures are now commonly recommended for these groups of patients not only for diagnosis but for treatment as well. The microscopic examination of permanently prepared, stained excised tissues still remains the final diagnostic procedure in most patients in spite of more recently developed diagnostic techniques. Further, the well trained surgeon of today is in a position to assure the patient that permanent injury to the facial nerve trunk or to its branches is only a remote possibility. Lastly, our medical and surgical experiences are discussed in the following groups of patients: those with acute suppurative sialadenitis, those with acute abscess, those with chronic obstructive and non-obstructive sialadenitis, those with traumatic lesions, those with congenital lesions, and those with acquired cystic lesions.
Mannitol or hypertonic saline in the setting of traumatic brain injury: What have we learned? (2015)

While all seven studies found that both mannitol and HTS were effective in reducing ICP, there was heterogeneity with regard to which agent was most efficacious.
SPIRULINA - AN OVERVIEW (2012)

Arthrospira is a photosynthetic, filamentous, spiral-shaped, multicellular and blue- green micro alga. Cell division occurs by binary fission. As it contains chlorophyll a, like higher plants, botanists classify it as a micro alga belonging to Cyanophyceae class; but according to bacteriologists it is a bacterium due to its prokaryotic structure. Mexicans (Aztecs) started using this microorganism as human food. Its chemical composition includes proteins (55%-70%), carbohydrates (15%-25%), essential fatty acids (18%) vitamins, minerals and pigments like carotenes, chlorophyll a and phycocyanin. Pigments are used in food and cosmetic industries. Spirulina is considered as an excellent food, lacking toxicity and have anticancer, antiviral, immunological properties and it also acts as a potent antioxidant. There has been a significant change in Spirulina functions under stress conditions.
A Comparison of the Effects of Nevirapine and Nelfinavir on Metabolism and Body Habitus in Antiretroviral-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study (2003)

New HIV therapies have significantly increased survival, but are associated with multiple metabolic changes, most of them related to the protease inhibitors (PIs). The objective of this study was to elucidate and compare morphological and metabolic alterations in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients receiving two nucleosides plus the PI nelfinavir (NFV) or the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine (NVP). Forty-three patients (NFV, n = 20; NVP, n = 23) receiving 6-12 months of treatment were analyzed. Morphological changes were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, standard anthropometrics, and clinical examination. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density and high- density (HDL-c) lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were determined, among other metabolic parameters. No baseline differences were observed between groups. TC increased in both arms (NVP, 11%; NFV, 17%). HDL-c also increased in both groups, although more markedly in those receiving NVP (44% vs. 20%); on-treatment levels were also elevated (1.57 vs. 1.28 mmol/liter). As a consequence of these changes, the TC/HDL-c ratio dropped by 22% in the NVP arm and remained stable in the NFV group. With the use of NFV, the TC/HDL-c ratio and attendant cardiovascular risk did not change. In contrast, NVP offered benefits regarding lipid status, as manifested by enhanced HDL-c concentrations and decreased TC/HDL-c ratios. Inclusion of NVP should be considered when deciding upon antiretroviral regimens for patients at high coronary risk.
Surface reconstruction using deformable models with interior and boundary constraints (2002)

A technique is introduced for 3-D surface reconstruction and graphic animation using elastic, deformable models. The basic structure used is an imaginary elastic grid, which is made of membranous, thin-plate type material. This elastic grid is bent, twisted, compressed, and stretched into any desirable 3-D shape, or from one flexible state to another. The desired shape can be specified by the shape constraints derived automatically from images of a real 3-D object, or by an analytic surface function. Shape reconstruction is guided by a set of imaginary springs that enforce the consistency in the position, orientation, and/or curvature measurements of the elastic grid and the desired shape. The dynamics of a reconstruction process is regulated by the Hamilton principle or the principle of the least action. Implementation results using simple analytic shapes and images of real free-form objects are presented. The authors believe that their model is widely applicable in many surface reconstruction and graphic animation processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Drilling Fluid Technology for the Top Formation in South Los Tan Blocks of Turkmenistan (2012)

Abstract Engineering incidents frequently happened at the top formation of natural gas exploration wells and development wells in south Los Tan blocks of Turkmenistan, one of the reasons is the difficulty of conditioning drilling fluid technology. By laboratory studies & evaluations and field applications, strong inhibitory polymer and polysulfide drilling fluid used at Well's section I and section II to overcome the problems, which are included poor diagnostic grade, clay stone, unconsolidated cements for sand and clay stone, high clay content (more than 50%), serious mud-making, bit balling, sloughing and shrinking of hole, etc completely meet the need to drill big hole(26" and 17-1/2") in long open hole, as well as to deal with the downhole complexities for a long time(the longest up to 4 months) in TD 3700m wells, and they ensured the downhole's safety, made the logging and running 13-3/8"casing in long open hole with one time successful.How to achieve the performance were discussed as conclusion, for instance, polymer glue for earlier stage, polysulfide for later stage, removing useless solids effectively while highlighting inhibition, reducing dispersing agent as low as possible, keep good rheological property and carrying cutting capability, etc. These are important to process the drilling fluid, and build a a technological package of drilling fluid for the top claystone formation of natural gas well with big holes and long open hole, in south Los Tan blocks of Turkmenistan. This drilling fluid system improved the exploration &development technology in South Los Tan blocks of Turkmenistan, which well guide and offer support to explore big hole and long open hole in clay stone formation.
The Study of a New Perfect Hash Scheme (1983)

A new approach is proposed for the design of perfect hash functions. The algorithms developed can be effectively applied to key sets of large size. The basic ideas employed in the construction are rehash and segmentation. Analytic results are given which are applicable when problem sizes are small. Extensive experiments have been performed to test the approach for problems of larger size.
Generation of a 3-D face model from one camera (2003)

The generation of a fully textured 3-D model of a person's face presents difficult technical challenges, but has many applications in several fields, such as video games, immersive telepresence, and medicine. Current commercial systems rely on booth-like set-ups, equipped with laser-based scanners, or project a pattern on the subject's face. The major drawbacks of such systems are the cost of the hardware they require, and the lack of operational flexibility. We present here a fully automatic system to generate a 3-D model from a sequence of images taken by a single camera. Unlike other methods, we do not use a generic 3-D face subject to deformation, but instead proceed in a fully bottom-up fashion. The approach is a two-stage process. First, we estimate for each view the pose of the object with respect to the camera. This is accomplished by robust feature matching and global bundle adjustment. Then, we consider sets of adjacent views, which we treat as stereo pairs, and generate partial depth maps, which are then integrated into a single 3-D model. The texture is obtained by merging the images themselves. We describe the algorithm in detail, and show results on a number of real datasets.
Theory of hydrogen-related levels in semiconductors and oxides (2006)

Hydrogen plays a major role in the electronic properties of semiconductors, oxides, and their interfaces. This paper reviews the present understanding of hydrogen interactions with materials, based on first-principles calculations, and describes how a relatively simple model allows predicting the electronic behavior of hydrogen in a wide range of semiconductors and oxides. Specific predictions are discussed for novel channel materials and gate oxides