gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image cross-connector using a photorefractive polymer (2007)

Abstract We propose an image cross-connector using an organic photorefractive polymer. With this device, it is possible to perform a reconfigurable connection between multiple input–output image ports by setting the incident angle of individual control beams to minute levels. The use of a polymer can reduce the thickness of the index grating to be induced inside the medium, which can also reduce the distortion of the output image and bring about high precise image connection without an additional optical system. We conduct an experiment with a hole-transport polymer PATPD to verify the operations of an image cross-connector, in which different images from a vertical array of input images would be connected separately to two output ports by two control beams that were injected at different angles. Keywords: photorefractive polymerfour-wave mixingimage cross-connectorinterconnection
Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor-1 Binds and Activates the Recombination-Activating Gene-2 Promoter Together with c-Myb and Pax-5 in Immature B Cells (2002)

The recombination-activating gene (RAG)-1 and RAG-2 are expressed specifically in immature lymphoid cells undergoing the recombination of Ag receptor genes. We studied the regulation of murine RAG-2 promoter and revealed that -41/-17 RAG-2 promoter region, which was indispensable for the RAG-2 promoter activity in B cell lines, contained binding sites for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1), c-Myb, and Pax-5. We showed that these three transcription factors bound the promoter region in vitro and in vivo. Cotransfection assays using a human embryonic kidney cell line (293T) showed that LEF-1, c-Myb, and Pax-5 cooperatively activated the RAG-2 promoter, via their synergistic DNA binding. We also showed that LEF-1, c-Myb, and Pax-5 physically interact in the cells. Finally, we demonstrated that a dominant-negative LEF-1 protein, which lacks the binding site for beta-catenin, suppressed the RAG-2 promoter activity as well as the endogenous RAG-2 expression in a pre-B cell line (18.81). These results suggest that LEF-1/beta-catenin complex regulates the RAG-2 promoter activation in concert with c-Myb and Pax-5 in immature B cells. The link between LEF-1/beta-catenin and Wnt signaling in B lineage cells will be discussed.
ADSORPTION OF COLLOIDAL MATERIALS ON POLYMER SURFACES (1983)

ABSTRACT Polypropylene surfaces were rendered cationic by hydrophobic implantation and by grafting a quaternized polyvinyl pyridine onto a plasma treated surface. The polypropylene surface with the grafted polymer showed a strong adsorption of an anionic surfactant, corresponding to about ten monomolecular layers. High concentration of electrolyte caused a reduction of the adsorption at low concentrations of surfactant.
Advances in Carbanion Chemistry (1996)

The Wittig reactions - stereoselectivity and a history of mechanistic ideas (1953-1991), E. Vedeja and M.J. Peterson formation and reactions of stereochemically homogeneous allylic metals, A. Yanagisawa and H. Yamamoto recent advances in diastereoselective syntheses promoted by zinc and boron enolates, E. Taglievini et al advances in photochemical generation and reactions of carbanions, D. Budac and R. Wan benzyl and heteroarylmethyl carbanions - structure and substituent effects, S. Bradamante and G.A. Pagani.
Interrater Reliability of Manual Pavement Distress Evaluations (2010)

Many government agencies are faced with the challenge of pavement evaluation and maintenance as part of their pavement management systems. These agencies perform or contract manual or automated distress surveys over the pavement network to monitor the structure performance and obtain the necessary data to calculate pavement condition indexes. Although manual distress ratings are done according to well-defined criteria, a certain amount of subjectivity and the experience of the raters have an undoubted influence on the ratings. This study proposes a new approach to estimate the interrater or intercrew reliability for manual or semiautomated distress data collection. The proposed analysis acknowledges that a certain degree of variability in the visual distress ratings is likely to occur and, thus, minimum acceptable values of complete and partial agreements of the crews or raters are suggested. The statistical approach to validate the level of agreement between the ratings of two raters or crews is based on the use of the chi-square distribution to test hypotheses about multinomial experiments.
Idiopathic omental hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature (2016)

Idiopathic omental hemorrhage is a rare cause of an acute abdomen, which may develop after eating. Omentectomy is preferred to ligation or transcatheter arterial embolization to rule out an underlying malignancy or aneurysm.
THE ADRENAL HORMONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. I. A “DIRECT” SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE AND CORTISONE ACETATE FROM 11α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ADRENAL HORMONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. I. A "DIRECT" SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE AND CORTISONE ACETATE FROM 11α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONEJ. A. Hogg, P. F. Beal, A. H. Nathan, F. H. Lincoln, W. P. Schneider, B. J. Magerlein, A. R. Hanze, and R. W. JacksonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 16, 4436–4438Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01621a092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01621a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of a transition in a species fraction of fuel on the behaviour of a premixed flame (2018)

Flame height variations of a laminar stagnating premixed flame with gas component transition between fuel mixture A (methane:92%, ethane:6.7%, propane:1.3%) and B(methane:84%, ethane:13.3%, propane:2.7%), and between A and C (methane:76%, ethane:20.0%, propane:4.0%) are discussed. The estimation of the flame speed and the flame temperature of fuel mixtures A, B and C by the Chemkin-Pro show almost the same values for all fuel mixtures. In experiments, the transition between A and B and between A and C were performed. The transition time changes from 1 s to 10 s, keeping flow velocity and equivalence ratio constant at 0.8 m/s and 0.7 respectively. The flame position was measured by using images taken by a high speed camera with 125 fps. Two transition patterns are examined, keeping the total flow rate of premixed mixture constant. One is the constant flow rate transition, which changes the gas component, keeping the fuel mixture flow rate constant. The other is the constant equivalence ratio transition, keeping the equivalence ratio constant. In the case of the constant flow rate transition, the equivalence ratio changes which results in the variation in the flame speed, the flame temperature and the flame height. It means that the combustion state changes with the transition. On the other hand, in the case of the constant equivalence ratio transition, the flame speed, the flame temperature and the flame height keep almost the same state, which means that the gas component can be changed, keeping the combustion state the same.
Knowledge organization and its role in representation and interpretation for time‐varying data: the ALVEN system (1985)

The so‐called “first generation” expert systems were rule‐based and offered a successful framework for building applications systems for certain kinds of tasks. Spatial, temporal, and causal reasoning, knowledge abstractions, and structuring are among topics of research for “second generation” expert systems. It is proposed that one of the keys for such research is knowledge organization. Knowledge organization determines control structure design, explanation and evaluation capabilities for the resultant knowledge base, and has strong influence on system performance. We are exploring a framework for expert system design that focuses on knowledge organization, for a specific class of input data, namely, continuous, time‐varying data (image sequences or other signal forms). Such data are rich in temporal relationships as well as temporal changes of spatial relations, and are thus a very appropriate testbed for studies involving spatio‐temporal reasoning. In particular, the representation formalism specifies the semantics of the organization of knowledge classes along the relationships of generalization/specialization, decomposition/aggregation, temporal precedence, instantiation, and expectation‐activated similarity. Á hypothesize‐and‐test control structure is driven by the class organizational principles, and includes several interacting dimensions of search (data‐driven, model‐driven, goal‐driven temporal, and failure‐driven search). The hypothesis ranking scheme is based on temporal cooperative computation, with hypothesis “fields of influence” being defined by the hypothesis’ organizational relationships. This control structure has proven to be robust enough to handle a variety of interpretation tasks for continuous temporal data. A particular incarnation, the ALVEN system, for left ventricular performance assessment from X‐ray image sequences, will be summarized in this paper.
Automatic-repeat-request systems for error control in digital transmission (1982)

Automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) systems have been the most popular means for error control in digital transmission systems. They provide a relatively simple and highly reliable means for eliminating transmission errors. However, the throughput of an ARQ system may deteriorate badly with increasing bit-error rates especially if there are significant transmission delays such as experienced in satellite or long terrestrial circuits. This dissertation first proposes a class of mixed-mode protocols which incorporate a selective-repeat mode of retransmission. This is combined with a secondary mode to prevent receiver buffer overflow. The throughput analysis for these schemes is presented and shows that they can significantly outperform the conventional Go-Back-N procedure for transmission over circuits with delay. The analysis also shows how throughput is related to the size of buffer provided at the receiver. It is also demonstrated that the choice of secondary retransmission mode does not have a significant effect on the throughput but has a bearing on complexity. Further improvement in performance may be achieved by use of a hybrid ARQ system incorporating forward-error correction as well as retransmission. The dissertation considers some parity-retransmission schemes in which blocks of parity bits are used for retransmissions rather than repetition of the original information block. This enables the system to adaptively incorporate error correction as well as detection when channel bit-error rates increase. An analysis procedure is presented which permits comparison of throughput efficiency for a variety of ARQ retransmission protocols and forward-error correction codes. Particular attention is focused on the use of half-rate convolutional codes for error correction. A trellis algorithm is shown to be useful for computation of the error correction capability of modestly powerful convolutional codes with sliding-block feedback decoding. An alternative approach using combinatorial procedures is also presented. New rate one-half codes are found which are related to optimum orthogonalizable rate one-third codes. These related code pairs can be used in parity-retransmission schemes to provide more powerful error correction when channel bit-error rates deteriorate badly. Finally the throughput and reliability performance of the hybrid schemes is outlined for various combinations of retransmission protocols and error-correction systems. Results are presented for convolutional codes and block codes and indicate the possible tradeoffs between complexity and performance. It is concluded that convolutional codes with relatively simple sliding-block decoding can ensure high throughput is maintained on a hybrid ARQ system despite significant bit-error rates and transmission delays.
Removable Biofiltration System for Use in Hatchery Troughs (1990)

Abstract Construction of a biofiltration system for hatchery troughs is described. Plates of corrugated plastic are used as the substrate for the biolfilter. The design of the system allows for easy removal when the trough is needed for use as a conventional flow-through system.
Metabolic Requirements in Patients with Inhalation Injuries (2002)

Journal Article Metabolic Requirements in Patients with Inhalation Injuries Get access D. D. Lozano, MD, D. D. Lozano, MD 1University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Noordenbos, RN, J. Noordenbos, RN 1University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Muller, PA, P. Muller, PA 1University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Fuchs, RD, S. Fuchs, RD 1University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. F. Hansbrough, MD J. F. Hansbrough, MD 1University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Volume 23, Issue suppl_2, March-April 2002, Page S112, https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200203002-00139 Published: 01 March 2002
Algebraic combinatorics for computational biology (2006)

Algebraic statistics is the study of the algebraic varieties that correspond to discrete statistical models. Such statistical models are used throughout computational biology, for example to describe the evolution of DNA sequences. This perspective on statistics allows us to bring mathematical techniques to bear and also provides a source of new problems in mathematics. 
The central focus of this thesis is the use of the language of algebraic statistics to translate between biological and statistical problems and algebraic and combinatorial mathematics. The wide range of biological and statistical problems addressed in this work come from phylogenetics, comparative genomics, virology, and the analysis of ranked data. While these problems are varied, the mathematical techniques used in this work share common roots in the field of combinatorial commutative algebra. The main mathematical theme is the use of ideals which correspond to combinatorial objects such as magic squares, trees, or posets. Biological problems suggest new families of ideals, and the study of these ideals can in some cases be useful for biology.
Necrotising leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment of childhood leukaemia. (1984)

Nine children treated for acute leukemia or lymphosarcoma developed subacute encephalopathy starting with listlessness, depression and impairment of speech. Walking difficulties, ataxia, spasticity and sphincter disorders developed later. Transient intracranial hypertension and abnormal movements respectively developed in two patients. EEG frontal slow waves, raised CSF protein, abnormal white matter radioisotope uptake and CT scan hypodensity with patchy contrast enhancement were evident at the onset. Later, dilated ventricles and calcification appeared in the younger patients. Post-mortem neuropathological studies of three patients disclosed predominantly perivascular myelin loss in areas of white matter necrosis, abnormalities of small vessels and numerous axonal swellings. The spinal cord showed secondary degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. Analysis of the aetiological factors in this series points to the prevailing danger of cranial radiotherapy, probably increased by the young age of patients and by associated drug administration.
Correlation of flip chip underfill process parameters and material properties with in-process stress generation (2002)

Package design is headed towards fewer levels of packaging and one such design is flip chip on board (FCOB). In this method, the chip is attached face down directly to a printed wiring board (PWB). The interconnection technique utilizes chips having solder bumps on each bond pad. The bumped chips are aligned to the substrate traces and attached using eutectic solder. As the package is comprised of dissimilar materials, the mechanical integrity of the flip chip during assembly and operation becomes an issue due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between these materials. To overcome this problem, a rigid encapsulant is introduced between the chip and the substrate which reduces the actual CTE mismatch thus reducing the effective stresses experienced by the solder interconnects and significantly improving long term reliability. The underfill material however, does introduce a high level of mechanical stress in the silicon die. The induced stress in the assembly is a function of the underfill material utilized, the assembly process used and the curing parameters. Therefore, the selection of underfill material is critical to achieving the desired performance and reliability. The effect of encapsulation material on the mechanical stress induced in a flip chip assembly during underfill cure was presented in previous papers (Palaniappan and Baldwin, 1997). This paper studies the effect of the cure parameters on a selected commercial underfill and correlates these properties with the stress induced in flip chip assemblies during processing. The goal of this work is to determine the fundamental effects of assembly process history on stresses generated in low cost flip chip assemblies ultimately linking these to reliability performance. The objectives are to characterize the material properties of underfills processed under varying assembly conditions, perform in-situ stress measurements in the flip chip assemblies processed under the same conditions to characterize the stress distribution and maximum stress at the chip/underfill interface and to correlate material properties with the residual stresses as a function of assembly process parameters. In this work, the ATC04 assembly test chip from Sandia National Laboratories was used to analyze commercial underfill processed under different cure parameters. Underfill samples were cured in situ during test vehicle assembly process to determine the glass transition temperature, T/sub g/, storage modulus, G' and the coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE. Correlation between the underfill material properties, the relative stresses produced during cure, and the cure parameters are made.
Photorefractive properties of BaTiO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;:Cr (1987)

Unusual beam fanning has been observed in heavily doped BaTiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> :Cr along with an increased photovoltaic effect. The nature and symmetry of this beam fanning are described, and the results of the photovoltaic measurements are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTITUMOR AGENTS. PART 43. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DIBASIC 9‐AMINOACRIDINE‐4‐CARBOXAMIDES, A NEW CLASS OF ANTITUMOR AGENT (1985)

Abstract Auf zwei Wegen erhält man aus der Carbonsäure (II) die Amide (V), die zu den Aminen (VI) umgesetzt werden; letztere werden in vitro und in vivo auf Antitumor‐Aktivität untersucht.
Testase 1 (<i>ADAM 24</i>) a plasma membrane-anchored sperm protease implicated in sperm function during epididymal maturation or fertilization (2001)

Plasma membrane-anchored proteases have key roles in cell signaling, migration and refashioning the cell surface and its surroundings. We report the first example of a plasma membrane-anchored protease on mature sperm, testase 1 (ADAM 24). Unlike other studied sperm ADAMs (fertilin alpha and beta, cyritestin) whose metalloprotease domains are removed during sperm development, we found testase 1 retains an active metalloprotease domain, suggesting it acts as a protease on mature sperm. Testase 1 is a glycoprotein (molecular mass 88 kDa), localized to the equatorial region of the plasma membrane of cauda epididymal sperm. Typically, proteolytic removal of the pro-domain is an initial activation step for ADAM proteases. The pro-domain of the testase 1 precursor (108 kDa) is proteolytically removed as sperm transit the caput epididymis to produce processed (mature) testase 1 (88 kDa). Testase 1 is unique among all studied ADAMs in that its proteolytic processing occurs on the sperm plasma membrane instead of at an intracellular site (the Golgi). Using GST-fusion proteins and a synthetic testase 1 C-terminal peptide, we found that the cytoplasmic tail of testase 1 could be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C (PKC). Thus testase 1 apparently has a cytoplasmic PKC phosphorylation site(s). Protein kinase C is known to stimulate other ADAMs' protease activity. Because events of the acrosome reaction include PKC activation, we speculate that testase 1 protease function could be important in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida after sperm PKC is activated during the acrosome reaction.
Reading a Book in the Woods (2018)

Reading a Book in the Woods Maurice Manning (bio) The spindly trunks of two treeshave twisted twice around each other.This is what I see when I look upfrom reading. I've read the page on the rightthen turned to the left-hand page and read.I've read the book all out of order,beginning in the middle. Now,by looking up, I know the bookis reading me. And there I amin a middle chapter, whistling,and knocking the back of my hand againstthe motionless fruits of a hawthorn tree,an action that has no consequenceunless the lifted hand and the branchleft swaying after are symbolic.I could see it that way, but also seehow simple it is, how very littleis happening—no memoryis leaking out, no evidentsigns of despair. There's sort of a dot,dot, do at this point in the book,and I don't think the ending offersmuch more. Maybe the sun goes downand someone whistles in the dark,or maybe it ends with pale lightstill visible above the treesand one has been changed, and walks furtherinto the woods and farther than that. [End Page 17] Maurice Manning Maurice Manning's most recent poetry collections are One Man's Dark and The Gone and the Going Away. A former Guggenheim fellow, Manning has been a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and is a member of The Fellowship of Southern Writers. He teaches at Transylvania University and in the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College. His poem "Reading a Book in the Woods" originally appeared in the Winter 2014 issue of Appalachian Heritage. Copyright © 2018 Berea College