gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric quantitation of DNA on blots after ethanol-solubilization of the MTT-formazan from anti-digoxigenin-based detection of nucleic acids. (1993)

The tetrazolium salt, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) has recently been established as a substitute for Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) in stain mixtures using antibody-conjugated alkaline phosphatase for the location of proteins on Western blots (Heegaard, 1990). Experiments reported here show that MTT is as sensitive as NBT in digoxigenin-labeled probe localization (on nucleic acid blots) utilizing alkaline-phosphatase-labelled, anti-digoxigenin antibodies. Moreover, as the formazan from MTT is soluble in ethanol, it is shown that spectrophotometric quantitation can be used to estimate the amount of target DNA on dot and Southern blots. For dot blotting, pBR328 was used as the probe and pBR322 as target. For Southern blots, human rDNA was used as the probe and total genomic calf DNA as the target. Staining response was linear over at least six twofold DNA dilutions in both types of blot.
What older people want (2005)

Sonia Job reports on a project that aims to find out what older people really want from inpatient and day hospital care
Noncovalent Strategy with Cell-Penetrating Peptides to Facilitate the Brain Delivery of Insulin through the Blood–Brain Barrier (2018)

To overcome the difficulty in delivery of biopharmaceuticals such as peptides and proteins to the brain, several approaches combining the ligands and antibodies targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been tried. However, these are inefficient in terms of their permeability through the BBB and structural modification of bioactive drugs. In the present study, we therefore examined the usefulness of a noncovalent method using the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as octaarginine (R8) as a suitable brain delivery strategy for biopharmaceuticals. A safety examination using microvascular endothelial model bEnd.3 cells clarified that R8 was the safest among the CPPs tested in this study. The cellular uptake study demonstrated that coincubation with R8 enhanced the uptake of model peptide drug insulin by bEnd.3 cells in a concentration-dependent and a temperature-independent manner. Furthermore, an in vivo study with rats showed that the accumulation of insulin in the deeper region of the brain, i.e., hippocampus, significantly increased after the intravenous coadministration of insulin with D-R8 without altering the insulin disposition in plasma. Thus, the present study provided the first evidence suggesting that the noncovalent method with CPPs is one of the strategic options for brain delivery of biopharmaceuticals via intravenous injection.
Effect of interleukin‐1β on the production of cathepsin B by rabbit articular chondrocytes (1990)

Rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture were stimulated with human recombinant interleukin-1 beta. Under the influence of the cytokine the intracellular pool of the cysteine endopeptidase cathepsin B was increased by a 2-4-fold factor, while enzyme secretion was not stimulated at a significant level. Under the same conditions, the secretion of collagenase, measured as an internal control, was stimulated about 6-fold. The effects of interleukin-1 beta were compared to those caused by phenotypic modulation. Chondrocytes modulated by serial subcultures in monolayer secreted more cathepsin B, but less collagenase than differentiated cells (cultured within collagen gels). Thus, interleukin-1 beta and phenotypic modulation affected differently two endopeptidases which are relevant in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
The feel-good society: demise of self-control (2005)

This article critically explores the foundation ideas on which some of the fashionable assumptions about boys' education are built.
Multiresistant bacteria as a hospital epidemic problem (1998)

Since the introduction of antibiotics into clinical use, bacteria have protected themselves by developing antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Currently, there are increasing problems worldwide with multiresistant bacteria. These problems are especially evident within hospitals, where they frequently present as nosocomial epidemics. Currently, the most important nosocomial resistance problems on a global scale are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae with plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. In this review we describe the characteristics of nosocomial epidemics of these three groups of multiresistant nosocomial pathogens. Despite the differences in bacterial species, the differences in mechanisms of resistance, the different ecological niches and the different infections caused by these pathogens, there are striking similarities in the variables determining nosocomial spread. The existence of each of these multiresistant micro-organisms and their concurrent spread seem to result from extensive antibiotic use and lapses in compliance with infection control measures. Problems with these bacteria became evident as monoclonal outbreaks, soon followed by establishment of endemicity especially in intensive care units. Finally, endemicity seems to be established on general hospital wards and in chronic care facilities and nursing homes, creating a continuous influx of colonized patients into special care wards. High compliance with infection control measures and a prudent and more restrictive use of antibiotics are the key measures to prevent these epidemics.
Immunochemical evidence for a unique GPI-anchored carbonic anhydrase isozyme in human cardiomyocytes (2000)

To clarify the controversial question of cell-specific distribution of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the heart, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes were isolated from porcine and human hearts and were characterized with cell-specific markers. CA activity was found in the microsomal fraction of both cell types. It was shown by Triton X-114 phase separation that both cell types possess a membrane-bound form of CA. These CAs share the same mechanism of membrane-anchoring via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), which excludes identity with transmembrane isoforms CA IX or CA XII. Western blotting analysis of human microsomes with anti-human CA IV antibodies revealed a marked difference in immunoreactivity. Endothelial CA activity resulted in 11-fold stronger CA IV bands compared with identical amounts of myocytic CA activity, indicating that cardiac endothelium and cardiomyocytes possess immunologically distinct forms of CA. We conclude that in human hearts CA IV is associated with the endothelium, whereas most of the CA in myocytes is not identical with one of the known CA isozymes. This suggests that cardiomyocytic CA is a novel isozyme.
Comparative Structural Biology of Eubacterial and Archaeal Oligosaccharyltransferases (2009)

Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of an oligosaccharide from a lipid donor to an asparagine residue in nascent polypeptide chains. In the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni, a single-subunit membrane protein, PglB, catalyzes N-glycosylation. We report the 2.8 A resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal globular domain of PglB and its comparison with the previously determined structure from the archaeon Pyrococcus AglB. The two distantly related oligosaccharyltransferases share unexpected structural similarity beyond that expected from the sequence comparison. The common architecture of the putative catalytic sites revealed a new catalytic motif in PglB. Site-directed mutagenesis analyses confirmed the contribution of this motif to the catalytic function. Bacterial PglB and archaeal AglB constitute a protein family of the catalytic subunit of OST along with STT3 from eukaryotes. A structure-aided multiple sequence alignment of the STT3/PglB/AglB protein family revealed three types of OST catalytic centers. This novel classification will provide a useful framework for understanding the enzymatic properties of the OST enzymes from Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria.
Strength and power changes of the human plantar flexors and knee extensors in response to resistance training in old age (2002)

Hence, hypertrophy cannot alone justify the increase in torque, and other factors, such as an increase in individual fibre-specific tension (in the case of KE), a decrease in antagonist muscles' coactivation, an improved co-ordination and an increased neural drive of the other heads of quadriceps may have contributed to the increments in strength. The significant increase in muscle power seems particularly noteworthy with respect to daily activities involving the displacement of the body over time, namely, the generation of muscle power.
Entropy-based link analysis for mining web informative structures (2002)

In this paper, we study the problem of mining the informative structure of a news Web site which consists of thousands of hyperlinked documents. We define the informative structure of a news Web site as a set of index pages (or referred to as TOC, i.e., table of contents, pages) and a set of article pages linked by TOC pages through informative links. It is noted that the Hyperlink Induced Topics Search (HITS) algorithm has been employed to provide a solution to analyzing authorities and hubs of pages. However, most of the content sites tend to contain some extra hyperlinks, such as navigation panels, advertisements and banners, so as to increase the add-on values of their Web pages. Therefore, due to the structure induced by these extra hyperlinks, HITS is found to be insufficient to provide a good precision in solving the problem. To remedy this, we develop an algorithm to utilize entropy-based Link Analysis on Mining Web Informative Structures. This algorithm is referred to as LAMIS. The key idea of LAMIS is to utilize information entropy for representing the knowledge that corresponds to the amount of information in a link or a page in the link analysis. Experiments on several real news Web sites show that the precision and the recall of LAMIS are much superior to those obtained by heuristic methods and conventional ink analysis methods.
Site of Origin and Propagation of Spike in the Giant Neuron of <i>Aplysia </i> (1962)

The form and time sequence of spikes generated by orthodromic, antidromic, and direct stimulation and during spontaneous activity have been studied with intracellular electrodes simultaneously introduced in the soma and in different parts of the axon of the giant nerve cell of Aplysia. Evidence was obtained that under normal conditions of excitability, the spike originates at some distance from the soma in an axonal region with a higher excitability surpassing that of the surrounding membranes. Between the trigger zone and the soma is situated a region of transitional excitability where the conduction of the spike towards the soma may be blocked at a functionally determined and variable locus. The cell body is electrically excitable, but has the highest threshold of all parts of the neuron. The inactivation or even the removal of the cell body does not suppress synaptic transmission.
On the Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles Using EDTA as a Reducing Agent (2013)

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from HAuCl4 by using EDTA as a reducing agent is investigated for the first time using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). We show that the size of resulting Au NPs is dictated by the reactivity of ionic Au(III) species and the charge density of EDTA molecules with pH. Moreover by varying the pH of the reaction media, the size of Au NPs can be tuned from 25 to 100 nm. Investigation of the nucleation and growth of Au NPs by time-resolved UV–vis and TEM revealed the presence of nanowires that progressively increase in size at the same time the connected network is fragmented into small segments before the final spherical particles are formed. The identification of reaction intermediates and final products resulting from the reduction of Au(III) by EDTA was possible by recording several 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Our results show that Au(III) reduction to Au(0) NPs by EDTA is accompanied by decarbonylation of EDTA and the formation of formaldehyde which, depending on pH, interferes with the reduction process and contributes to the synthesis. Besides the immense flexibility that can be provided by EDTA for further conjugation with functional molecules to diversify the surface functionality and in turn broaden the application, many synthetic routes concerned with the elaboration of nanoshells and core–shell metal nanoparticles use a large excess of the toxic formaldehyde as a reducing agent. Given the interest in biomedical applications of such nanomaterials and the important role of formaldehyde as a reducing agent in the synthesis process, using EDTA as a reducing agent can be a good starting point for minimizing or replacing formaldehyde use in the synthesis.
Serum amyloid‐A levels in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (2011)

We aimed to evaluate serum levels of serum amyloid-A (SAA) both in the diagnosis and monitoring the treatment response of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Forty-five preterm neonates were enrolled in the study, including 15 infants with NEC, 15 with sepsis, and 15 healthy preterm infants. Pre- and posttreatment serum SAA levels were measured. Among patients with NEC, 11 had stage 1 and 4 had stage 2 disease according to the modified Bell's staging criteria. Baseline SAA levels of the infants with NEC were significantly higher than controls (P=0.013) and were significantly lower than those with sepsis (P=0.004). When infants with stage 1 and stage 2 NEC were analyzed separately, baseline SAA levels of the infants with stage 2 NEC were significantly higher than controls (P=0.027) than those with stage 1 NEC (P=0.018), but similar to those with sepsis. There was a trend that baseline SAA levels were also correlated with the Bell stage (r=0.501, P=0.057). Posttreatment SAA levels significantly decreased in infants with sepsis (P=0.002). Pre- and posttreatment SAA levels were similar in patients with stage 1 and 2 NEC. In conclusion, SAA rises in early stages of NEC and may aid in diagnosis as a serum marker.
Evaluation of a Sugarcane Bagasse Acid Hydrolysis Technology (2008)

Abstract Conceptual process synthesis (CPS) is an important issue in chemical processing industries. In this paper, the general steps of the life cycle of an acid hydrolysis industrial project are evaluated. Chemical route synthesis, process development (experiments for kinetics and fluid dynamics) and process engineering (definition of basic equipment for economic evaluation) are all investigated. A mathematical model was used to generate the most favorable operating conditions for glucose and furfural production from sugarcane bagasse. The material and energy balances were performed by UNISim™ software. The suspension mass fraction and the thermal energy consumption are key issues to account for the profitable operation of the plant.
CMOS-APS Detectors for Astrophysical Applications (2003)

Since three years, we have started, a research program to select a suitable detector based on the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Active Pixel Sensor (CMOS-APS) technology with a sufficient sensitive area for astrophysical applications. Thanks to the CMOS technology, the pixel addressing and the readout circuits as well as the analogue-to-digital converters are integrated into the chip. This unique characteristic makes the CMOS-APS a good candidate for a very compact, low power consumption, imager system. With time the CMOSAPS performances will become very similar to those of CCDs. Here we compare the CCD and CMOS-APS technologies and explain why, for our application, a CMOS-APS is better suited than a CCD.
Performance of a Superior Bradyrhizobium japonicum and a Selected Sinorhizobium fredii Strain with Soybean Cultivars (1992)

Abstract Strain 532C of Bradyrhizobium japonicum has outperformed other soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rhizobial strains in Ontario trials conducted with cv. Evans. Strain HH303 of Sinorhizobium fredii has proven effective with some Ontario cultivars. The objective of this research was to compare the performance of 532C with that of USDA 110, CB 1809, a three‐strain mixture, and HH303, by 16 commonly‐grown, early‐maturing soybean cultivars. Trials were conducted from 1988 to 1990 (only five cultivars were used in 1990) on soils that had low available N and had not grown soybeans previously. There were significant (P < 0.01) strain‐by‐genotype interactions for yield in all 3 yr and for seed protein content in 1988 and 1989, but interactions were small compared to main effects. Averaged over cultivars, strain 532C caused 11 to 17% higher seed yield than USDA 110 or CB 1809 in all 3 yr. Strain 532C appeared effective with all 16 cultivars tested. Strain 532C, used alone, caused higher average yields than the three strain mixture, which included 532C, only in 1988. The S. fredii strain HH303 caused consistently lower average yields than 532C, USDA 110, and the three‐strain mixture, but average yields with HH303 and CB 1809 were not different in 1988 and 1989. Cultivars with cv. Evans in their pedigree yielded well with HH303. There were strong positive correlations (r = 0.75−0.85) between seed yield and seed protein contents. Strain 532C supported higher seed yields than the three‐strain mixture at equivalent seed protein contents. Strain 532C was an effective N 2 fixer with all cultivars tested and is now used in all soybean inoculants sold in Ontario.
3D unsharp masking for scene coherent enhancement (2008)

We present a new approach for enhancing local scene contrast by unsharp masking over arbitrary surfaces under any form of illumination. Our adaptation of a well-known 2D technique to 3D interactive scenarios is designed to aid viewers in tasks like understanding complex or detailed geometric models, medical visualization and navigation in virtual environments. Our holistic approach enhances the depiction of various visual cues, including gradients from surface shading, surface reflectance, shadows, and highlights, to ease estimation of viewpoint, lighting conditions, shapes of objects and their world-space organization. Motivated by recent perceptual findings on 3D aspects of the Cornsweet illusion, we create scene coherent enhancements by treating cues in terms of their 3D context; doing so has a stronger effect than approaches that operate in a 2D image context and also achieves temporal coherence. We validate our unsharp masking in 3D with psychophysical experiments showing that the enhanced images are perceived to have better contrast and are preferred over unenhanced originals. Our operator runs at real-time rates on a GPU and the effect is easily controlled interactively within the rendering pipeline.
Improving the efficiency of time-optimal path-following algorithms (1989)

A method is presented which significantly improves the computational efficiency of time-optimal path-following planning algorithms for robot manipulators with limited actuator torques. Characteristics switching points are identified and characterized analytically as functions of the single parameter defining the position along the path. Limit curves are then constructed from the characteristic switching points, in contrast with the so-called maximum velocity curve approach of existing methods. An efficient algorithm is proposed which utilizes the characteristics of the defined concepts. The algorithm can also account for viscous friction effects and smooth state-dependent actuator bounds. A numerical example, while showing the consistency of the algorithm with the existing techniques, demonstrates its potential for increasing computational efficiency by several orders of magnitude.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical significance of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 expression in ovarian cancer patients. (2011)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and VEGF receptors (VEGFR) play an essential role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of VEGFR expression in ovarian carcinoma. Levels of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 tissue expression in human ovarian tumours were assayed by immunoblotting and the correlations between analysed factors and clinicopathological features were examined. Tissue samples consisted of 42 benign and 10 borderline (low malignant potential - LMP) tumours, 76 ovarian carcinomas, 8 Krukenberg tumours and 32 normal ovarian tissues. The highest relative level of VEGFR-2 was detected in cases with at the early stages of cancer development. The highest level of VEGFR-3 was detected advanced cancer stages and those with Krukenberg tumours. Overexpression of VEGFR-3 was found to correlate with the debulking status (p = 0.02) and positive response to chemotherapy (p = 0.04). A statistically significant longer progression free survival (PFS) was observed in women with a low than with a high expression of VEGFR-3 (p = 0.01). Increased levels of VEGFR-2 expression at the early stages of ovarian cancer may indicate the significance of neoangiogenesis at these stages. Overexpression of VEGFR-3 reflects the aggressiveness of ovarian carcinoma spread and has a predictive value for identifying high-risk patients with poor prognosis.
Protection of cattle against experimental haemorrhagic septicaemia by the capsular antigens of Pasteurella multocida, types B and E. (1976)

Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccines containing endotoxin-free capsular antigens of Pasteurella multocida, types B and E, were administered to cattle. Dose dependent serological responses were observed which were similar for both antigens. The immunised cattle were subjected to intravenous challenge by a virulent type E strain. All animals which received the highest vaccine dose survived and all unimmunised control animals died and a vaccine dose-response relationship was obtained. The results of passive mouse protection and indirect haemagglutination tests (type E) on the sera of immunised cattle corresponded with the degree of protection against challenge of the cattle.
Large knowledge based systems: an efficient approach (2003)

The authors propose an architecture for an integrated data/knowledge-based system (KBS) centered on a global data/knowledge dictionary and directory. The process of developing a KBS based on Prolog implementation schemes was studied an an architecture proposed which allowed the extensional (fact) portion of the knowledge base to exceed the KBS-resident system's memory. Under this architecture approach, the extensional portion of the knowledge base was integrated with the databases into a combined data/knowledge based system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slope of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer surface in glaucoma. (1998)

Mean peripapillary slope of the nerve fiber layer surface can be used to discriminate between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients with clinically useful diagnostic precision. This parameter is independent of a retinal reference plane and may be particularly useful to detect progressive glaucoma damage.