gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical Considerations in Gastric Ulcer Localization Using Technetium-99m Sucralfate (1985)

Four virgin heifers were experimentally inoculated intravaginally with 7 x 10(6) Tritrichomonas foetus, and 2 heifers served as uninfected controls. The durations of infection were 13, 20, 21, and 28 weeks, respectively. An ELISA that used whole T foetus antigen was used to detect anti-T foetus immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM) in vaginal, cervical, and uterine secretions, and sera during the course of infection. The vaginal and cervical antibody responses were characterized by significantly increased T foetus-specific IgA and IgG1 at 7 to 9 weeks of infection, whereas uterine IgA and IgG1 responses peaked at 10 to 12 weeks. The antibody response in serum was predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. In all reproductive tract regions, IgA persisted at least until the time of T foetus clearance, and usually longer. The next most persistent isotype was IgG1, lasting longest in the vagina, then cervix, and for the shortest time in the uterus. In local secretions, IgG2 was seen only transiently, increasing at weeks 13 to 15 in the vagina, and at weeks 10 to 12 in the cervix. Little IgM, relative to that present before infection, was detected in any secretion or serum, although cervical secretions had the greatest amount. Eight to 12 weeks after clearance, the 4 experimental heifers were inoculated intravaginally with 1 x 10(5) T foetus; transient infections (2 to 3 weeks' duration) were established in only 2 of 4 heifers, as determined by culturing of reproductive tract secretions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cluster Structure of Dissolved Gas Nanobubbles in Ionic Aqueous Solutions (2012)

Aggregation of nanodispersed particles plays an essential role in the technology of colloidal systems. In this work the formation of clusters composed of long-living gas nanobubbles in electrolyte aqueous solutions has been studied experimentally by combining three distinct but complementary laser techniques: dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser phase microscopy, and polarimetric scatterometry. We propose a mathematical approach to modeling the structure of spherical particle clusters that is based on the solution of inverse problem of optical wave scattering with allowance for cluster–cluster aggregation. In this way we found the characteristic size of nanobubbles and fractal properties of their clusters in aqueous solutions of NaCl. The described method can be applied to the exploration of clustering in a wide class of disperse systems of spherical particles.
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Stimulates Flowering and Induce Defense Related Proteins in Finger Millet Plants (2014)

Induction of defense related proteins, such as chitinase, protease inhibitor, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase was studied in finger millet plants treated with salicylic acid. Treated plants showed changes in the isoform pattern with new isoformsof chitinase,protease inhibitor, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment stimulates flowering and grain set. Induction of defense related proteins in salicylic acid treated finger millet plants may play a role in disease resistance.
Neue Techniken im Zahlungsverkehr und in der Kundenselbstbedienung (1991)

Zahlungsverkehr ist nach wie vor die Einstiegsdienstleistung für den Vertrieb von Finanzdienstleistungen. Vor einigen Jahren hat es zwar vor dem Hintergrund einer ausgedehnten Diskussion über die Kosten des Zahlungsverkehrs in Teilen des Kreditgewerbes durchaus ernsthafte Überlegungen gegeben, die Erbringung dieser Dienstleistung einzuschränken. Diese Diskussionen und Überlegungen sind jedoch in den Hintergrund getreten. Die Erkenntnis, daß der Bankkunde zuerst und vor allem von seiner Bank eine korrekte und vom Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis her akzeptable Zahlungsverkehrsdienstleistung erwartet, ist heute unumstritten. Diese Erwartungshaltung der Kunden wird durch entsprechende Umfrageergebnisse belegt. Sie gilt für alle Zielgruppen des Kreditgewerbes, d. h. sie trifft auf den Firmenkunden genauso zu wie auf den privaten Kunden.
Security-Oriented Workflows for the Social Sciences (2010)

The service-oriented computing paradigm and its application to support e-Infrastructures offers, at least in principle, the opportunity to realise platforms for multi- and inter-disciplinary research. Augmenting the service-oriented model for e-Research are mechanisms for services to be coupled and enacted in a coordinated manner through workflow environments. Typically workflows capture a research process that can be shared and repeated by others. However, existing models of workflow definition and enactment assume that services are directly available and can be accessed and invoked by arbitrary users or enactment engines. In more security-oriented domains, such assumptions rarely hold true. Rather in many domains, service providers demand to be autonomous and define and enforce their own service / resource access control using locally defined policy enforcement points (PEP) and policy decision points (PDP) which allow access and usage of resources to be strictly monitored and enforced. In this paper, we outline how it is possible to support security-oriented workflow definition and enactment through chaining of PDPs to support “workflow-oriented” access control. To demonstrate this, we focus on a case study taken from the Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC) funded Data Management through e-Social Science (DAMES - www.dames.org.uk) project in the area of depression, self-harm and suicide.
Efficient Behavior of Small-World Networks (2001)

We introduce the concept of efficiency of a network as a measure of how efficiently it exchanges information. By using this simple measure, small-world networks are seen as systems that are both globally and locally efficient. This gives a clear physical meaning to the concept of "small world," and also a precise quantitative analysis of both weighted and unweighted networks. We study neural networks and man-made communication and transportation systems and we show that the underlying general principle of their construction is in fact a small-world principle of high efficiency.
Detection and recognition of R/F devices based on their unintended electromagnetic emissions using stochastic and computational intelligence methods (2015)

Detection and recognition of R/F devices based on their unintended electromagnetic emissions using stochastic and computational intelligence methods
Enhancing the Reliability of Chiller Control Using Fused Measurement of Building Cooling Load (2008)

This paper presents a general framework of utilizing a fused measurement of the building instantaneous cooling load to improve the reliability of the chiller sequencing control in building automation systems. The fused measurement is obtained by combining the complementary advantages of two different approaches to measuring the building cooling load. One approach is the direct measurement, which calculates the building cooling load directly, using the differential water temperature and water flow rate measurements. The other is the indirect measurement, which calculates building cooling load based on chiller models using the instantaneous chiller electrical power input, etc. The combination strategy is tested using the field data collected from the central plant of the air-conditioning system in a high-rise building in Hong Kong. The confidence degree associated with the fused measurement is systematically evaluated. Periodic update of the fusion algorithm parameters is also developed to improve the performance of the fusion strategy and the chiller sequencing control.
Development of Monolithic Column Materials for the Separation and Analysis of Glycans (2015)

Monolithic column materials offer great advantages as chromatographic media in bioseparations and as solid-supports in biocatalysis. These single-piece porous materials have an interconnected ligament structure that limits the void volume inside the column, thus increasing the efficiency without sacrificing the permeability. The preparation of monolithic materials is easy, reproducible and has available a wide range of chemistries to utilize. Complex, heterogeneous and isobaric glycan structures require preparation methods that may include glycan release, separation and enrichment prior to a comprehensive and site-specific glycosylation analysis. Monolithic column materials aid that demand, as shown by the results reported by the research works presented in this review. These works include selective capture of glycans and glycoproteins via their interactions with lectins, boronic acids, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic/polar functional groups on monolith surfaces. It also includes immobilization of enzymes trypsin and PNGase F on monoliths to digest and deglycosylate glycoproteins and glycopeptides, respectively. The use of monolithic capillary columns for glycan separations through nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and coupling these columns to MS instruments to create multidimensional systems show the potential in the development of miniaturized, high-throughput and automated systems of glycan separation and analysis.
The Spectrum of Radiologic Findings in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (1978)

Early diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is important. Initiation of corticosteroid therapy in ABPA is essential to prevent progressive destruction of lung parenchyma. The earliest radiographic manifestations of the disease may be present only on bronchograms. In addition to the classic radiographic findings (infiltrate, massive homogeneous consolidation, tram-line shadow, parallel line shadow, ring shadow, toothpaste shadow, glove-finger shadow), perihilar infiltrates simulating adenopathy (pseudohilar adenopathy) and air fluid levels were frequently demonstrated.
Aqueous synthesis of CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots and their optical and chemical properties (2010)

In this paper, we described a strategy for synthesis of thiol-coated CdTe/CdS/ZnS (core-shell-shell) quantum dots (QDs) via aqueous synthesis approach. The synthesis conditions were systematically optimized, which included the size of CdTe core, the refluxing time and the number of monolayers and the ligands, and then the chemical and optical properties of the as-prepared products were investigated. We found that the mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-coated CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs presented highly photoluminescent quantum yields (PL QYs), good photostability and chemical stability, good salt tolerance and pH tolerance and favorable biocompatibility. The characterization of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) showed that the CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs had good monodispersity and crystal structure. The fluorescence life time spectra demonstrated that CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs had a longer lifetime in contrast to fluorescent dyes and CdTe QDs. Furthermore, the MPA-stabilized CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs were applied for the imaging of cells. Compared with current synthesis methods, our synthesis approach was reproducible and simple, and the reaction conditions were mild. More importantly, our method was cost-effective, and was very suitable for large-scale synthesis of CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs for future applications.
Can Human Biology Allow Most of Us to Become Centenarians? (2012)

Life span is a topic of great interest in science, medicine and among the general public. How long people live has a profound impact on medical costs, intergenerational interactions, and the solvency of age-based entitlement programs around the world. These challenges are already occurring and the magnitude of their impact is, in part, proportional to the fraction of a population that lives the longest. Some demographic forecasts suggest that most babies born since the year 2000 will survive to their 100th birthday. If these forecasts are correct, then there is reason to fear that the financial solvency of even the most prosperous countries are in jeopardy. We argue here that human biology will preclude survival to age 100 for most people.
Role for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E <sup>rns</sup> Glycoprotein in the Control of Activation of Beta Interferon by Double-Stranded RNA (2003)

Production of alpha/beta interferon in response to viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication is a first line of defense against viral infections. Here we demonstrate that the Erns glycoprotein of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus can act as an inhibitor of dsRNA-induced responses of cells. This effect is seen whether Erns is constitutively expressed in cells or exogenously added to the culture medium. The Erns effect is specific to dsRNA since activation of NF-kappaB in cells infected with Semliki Forest virus or treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha was not affected. We also show that Erns contains a dsRNA-binding activity, and its RNase is active against dsRNA at a low pH. Both the dsRNA binding and RNase activities are required for the inhibition of dsRNA signaling, and we discuss here a model to account for these observations.
The Simplicity Project: Improving Ease of Use and Personalization of ICT Services (2005)

As technology develops, people are using an ever broader and heterogeneous range of ICT devices and network-based services. The result is an enormous burden of complexity on the shoulders of users, service providers and network operators. Excessive complexity, in turn, creates obstacles to effective exploitation and acceptance of beyond 3G systems and paradigms such as ambient intelligence, context-aware services, pervasive computing and novel access technologies. The goal of the Simplicity project, supported by the European Union, is to reduce this complexity by: i) providing automatic customization of user access to services and the network; ii) automatically and user preferences; iii) orchestrating network capabilities. This short paper presents the Simplicity project, its initial outcomes (including a sketch of the system architecture), and tries to identify future research directions in this challenging field.
Amyloid oligomers: formation and toxicity of Aβ oligomers (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related, progressive degenerative disorder that is characterized by synapse and neuron loss in the brain and the accumulation of protein-containing deposits (referred to as 'senile plaques') and neurofibrillary tangles. Insoluble amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) fibrillar aggregates found in extracellular plaques have long been thought to cause the neurodegenerative cascades of AD. However, accumulating evidence suggests that prefibrillar soluble Abeta oligomers induce AD-related synaptic dysfunction. The size of Abeta oligomers is distributed over a wide molecular weight range (from < 10 kDa to > 100 kDa), with structural polymorphism in Abeta oligomers of similar sizes. Recent studies have demonstrated that Abeta can accumulate in living cells, as well as in extracellular spaces. This review summarizes current research on Abeta oligomers, focusing on their structures and toxicity mechanism. We also discuss possible formation mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular Abeta oligomers.
Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions (2002)

Secondary bacterial infection in skin lesions is a common problem. This review summarises a series of studies of the microbiology of several of these infections: scabies, psoriasis, poison ivy, atopic dermatitis, eczema herpeticum and kerion. Staphylococcus aureus and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci were the most prevalent aerobes and were isolated from all body sites. In contrast, organisms that reside in the mucous membranes close to the lesions predominated in infections next to these membranes. In this fashion, enteric gram-negative bacilli and Bacteroides spp. were found most often in buttock and leg lesions. The probable sources of these organisms are the rectum and vagina, where they normally reside. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp. were most commonly found in lesions of the head, face, neck and fingers. These organisms probably reached these sites from the oral cavity, where they are part of the normal flora. This review highlights the polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic microbiology of secondarily infected skin lesions.
Vasomotion: cellular background for the oscillator and for the synchronization of smooth muscle cells (2005)

1. Vasomotion is the oscillation of vascular tone with frequencies in the range from 1 to 20 min(-1) seen in most vascular beds. The oscillation originates in the vessel wall and is seen both in vivo and in vitro. 2. Recently, our ideas on the cellular mechanisms responsible for vasomotion have improved. Three different types of cellular oscillations have been suggested. One model has suggested that oscillatory release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores is important (the oscillation is based on a cytosolic oscillator). A second proposed mechanism is an oscillation originating in the sarcolemma (a membrane oscillator). A third mechanism is based on an oscillation of glycolysis (metabolic oscillator). For the two latter mechanisms, only limited experimental evidence is available. 3. To understand vasomotion, it is important to understand how the cells synchronize. For the cytosolic oscillators synchronization may occur via activation of Ca2+-sensitive ion channels by oscillatory Ca2+ release. The ensuing membrane potential oscillation feeds back on the intracellular Ca2+ stores and causes synchronization of the Ca2+ release. While membrane oscillators in adjacent smooth muscle cells could be synchronized through the same mechanism that sets up the oscillation in the individual cells, a mechanism to synchronize the metabolic-based oscillators has not been suggested. 4. The interpretation of the experimental observations is supported by theoretical modelling of smooth muscle cells behaviour, and the new insight into the mechanisms of vasomotion has the potential to provide tools to investigate the physiological role of vasomotion.
Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Oil on the In Vitro Growth of Six Common Finfish Pathogens (2012)

Abstract Additives are commonly used in feed to enhance fish performance, health, and well-being. In recent years, antibiotics have received increased scrutiny owing to concerns about overuse and their environmental impact. These concerns have generated a desire for naturally derived alternatives for the aquafeed industry. For screening purposes, we examined the in vitro effects of an essential oil on bacteria commonly associated with fish diseases. Six concentrations of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis oil (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 μL/μL of 1% Tween-20 and pure rosemary oil [1.0]) were used against Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas salmonicida, and three warmwater bacterial pathogens, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda, along with a control treatment (1% Tween-20 only). After incubation, the mean zone of inhibition around the disks was measured. While most concentrations were found to inhibit pathogen growth, a concentration of 50% or more was found to have significantly higher effects on most of the pathogens tested. Rosemary oil was found to inhibit the growth of F. psychrophilum to the greatest extent and had a limited effect on the other fish pathogens. Although rosemary oil was shown to inhibit the growth of some bacterial fish pathogens in experimental trials, further laboratory and field studies are required to determine whether rosemary oil as a feed additive has any application as part of an integrated fish health management strategy.
Regional distribution and cellular localization of 5‐HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor mRNA in monkey brain: Comparison with [<sup>3</sup>H]mesulergine binding sites and choline acetyltransferase mRNA (2001)

The distribution of serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA in monkey brain was studied by in situ hybridization and compared with the distribution of [3H]mesulergine binding sites as visualized by receptor autoradiography. 5-HT(2C) receptor transcripts showed a widespread and heterogeneous distribution. The strongest hybridization signal was detected in choroid plexus. In neocortex, 5-HT(2C) mRNA was detected in layer V of all cortical regions examined except in the calcarine sulcus, which was devoid of signal. Several structures within the striatum and basal forebrain were strongly labeled: nucleus accumbens, ventral aspects of anterior caudate and putamen, septal nuclei, diagonal band, ventral striatum, and extended amygdala. Several thalamic, midbrain, and brainstem nuclei also contained 5-HT(2C) mRNA. Comparison of the distributions of 5-HT(2C) mRNA and specific [3H]mesulergine binding sites showed a good agreement in the majority of brain regions, suggesting a predominant somatodendritic localization of 5-HT(2C) receptors. A possible localization to axon terminals of 5-HT(2C) receptors is suggested by the disagreement observed in some regions such as septal nuclei and horizontal limb of the diagonal band (presence of mRNA with apparent absence of binding sites) and interpeduncular nucleus (presence of binding sites with apparent absence of mRNA). Comparison of 5-HT(2C) receptor and choline acetyltransferase mRNA distributions indicate that some regions where cholinergic cells are located are also enriched in cells containing 5-HT(2C) mRNA. Although the present methodology does not allow strict colocalization of both mRNA species to the same cells, the codistribution observed in several regions provides a possible anatomical substrate for the described modulation of acetylcholine release by 5-HT(2C) receptors.
Economic Information Networks in the People's Republic of China (1999)

Abstract This article seeks to examine the development course, current status and problems of economic information networking in the People's Republic of China. Suggestions are made to propel the economic information networking.