gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigations on myelinogenesis <i>in vitro</i>: I. The occurrence of endogenous protein kinase and its role in the phosphorylation of myelin basic proteins in “Myelin-like membranes” isolated from cerebral cell cultures (1987)

The presence of a protein kinase capable of phosphorylating endogenous as well as exogenously added myelin basic proteins has been demonstrated in a myelin-like membrane fraction isolated from reaggregating and surface adhering, primary cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse brain. Only the large and small components of myelin basic proteins were found to be phosphorylated when myelin-like membrane fraction was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. The protein kinase endogenous to the myelin-like membrane fraction was mainly of the cyclic AMP independent type. There was very little cyclic AMP dependent or cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase activities in this myelin-like fraction. Although the myelin basic proteins were the only endogenous proteins phosphorylated, protein kinase of the myelin-like membrane was capable of catalyzing the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates, such as histones.
Palladium(II) Complexes with Chelating P,O-Ligands as Catalysts for the Heck Reaction (2005)

We have synthesized a series of palladium(II) complexes derived from chelating phosphino carboxylic and sulfonic acids. These compounds form highly active catalysts for the Heck reaction of bromobenzene with styrene and n-butyl acrylate. High yields and turnover numbers of up to 96,000 have been obtained.
The incidence of unexpected pathological findings in an image-guided biopsy series (1989)

Despite the widespread availability of image-guided stereotactic biopsy, the need for such procedures in patients with "clear-cut" clinical and radiographic diagnoses is still frequently discussed. In an attempt to ascertain the incidence of unexpected pathological findings, 100 consecutive stereotactic biopsies have been reviewed. Twelve patients were found to have diagnoses of pathological conditions that preoperatively were considered unlikely, or not considered at all. The details of these "diagnostically discordant" cases are discussed.
Response of <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> to Alkaline Stress (2007)

The response of exponentially growing Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to pH 10 stress was studied using oligonucleotide microarrays and a study set of mutants with genes suggested by microarray data to be involved in the alkaline stress response deleted. The data showed that the response of D. vulgaris to increased pH is generally similar to that of Escherichia coli but is apparently controlled by unique regulatory circuits since the alternative sigma factors (sigma S and sigma E) contributing to this stress response in E. coli appear to be absent in D. vulgaris. Genes previously reported to be up-regulated in E. coli were up-regulated in D. vulgaris; these genes included three ATPase genes and a tryptophan synthase gene. Transcription of chaperone and protease genes (encoding ATP-dependent Clp and La proteases and DnaK) was also elevated in D. vulgaris. As in E. coli, genes involved in flagellum synthesis were down-regulated. The transcriptional data also identified regulators, distinct from sigma S and sigma E, that are likely part of a D. vulgaris Hildenborough-specific stress response system. Characterization of a study set of mutants with genes implicated in alkaline stress response deleted confirmed that there was protective involvement of the sodium/proton antiporter NhaC-2, tryptophanase A, and two putative regulators/histidine kinases (DVU0331 and DVU2580).
Pre-Layout Inductive Corners for Advanced Digital Design Interconnect: Modeling and Silicon Validation (2006)

As higher operating frequencies are achieved in advanced digital designs, the influence of inductance on interconnect delays can no longer be ignored. A solution is proposed to prevent parasitic inductance effects on signal integrity by pre-estimating their impact during the early phases of the design flow. A pre-layout inductance modeling approach for on-chip advanced digital design interconnects, based on a relevant description of the current return path, is suggested. Representative structures for corner models are presented and assessed. They give minimal and maximal inductance value estimation. Finally, an original ring oscillator test structure is developed and implemented to highlight inductance impact on interconnect delay for a realistic digital environment. Silicon measurements match expected results and validate the presented corner models and methodology
KLF5 enhances SREBP-1 action in androgen-dependent induction of fatty acid synthase in prostate cancer cells (2008)

KLF5 (Krüppel-like factor 5) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular signalling involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and oncogenesis. In the present study, we showed that KLF5 acts as a key regulator controlling the expression of FASN (fatty acid synthase) through an interaction with SREBP-1 (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1) in the androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. The mRNA level of KLF5 increased when cells were treated with a synthetic androgen, R1881. Furthermore, KLF5 bound to SREBP-1 and enhanced the SREBP-1-mediated increase in FASN promoter activity. The results also demonstrated that the expression of KLF5 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells enhanced FASN expression, whereas silencing of KLF5 by small interfering RNA down-regulated FASN expression. The proximal promoter region and the first intron of the FASN gene contain multiple CACCC elements that mediate the transcriptional regulation of the gene by KLF5. However, other lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes, such as those encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase, the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor, HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) synthase and HMG-CoA reductase are irresponsive to KLF5 expression, owing to the absence of CACCC elements in their promoter regions. Taken together, these results suggest that the FASN gene is activated by the synergistic action of KLF5 and SREBP-1, which was induced by androgen in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells.
Cytogenetically aberrant cells in the stem cell compartment (CD34+lin-) in acute myeloid leukemia. (1995)

Leukemia may be viewed as a clonal expansion of blast cells; however, the role of primitive cells and/or stem cells in disease etiology and progression is unclear. We investigated stem cell involvement in leukemia using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunofluorescence labeling of hematopoietic subpopulations, and flow cytometric analysis/sorting to discriminate and quantify cytogenetically aberrant stem cells in 12 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and three myelodysplastic (MDS) specimens. Flow cytometric analysis and sorting were used to discriminate and collect a primitive subpopulation enriched in stem cells expressing CD34+ and lacking CD33 and CD38 (CD34+lin-). A subpopulation containing progenitors and differentiating myeloid cells expressed CD34, CD33, and CD38 (CD34+lin+). Nine specimens contained less than 10% CD34+ cells and, thus, were considered to be CD34- leukemias. Mature lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid subpopulations were sorted on the basis of antigen-linked immunofluorescence. Cytogenetically aberrant cells in sorted subpopulations were identified using FISH with enumerator probes selected on the basis of diagnosis karyotype. Cytogenetically aberrant CD34+lin- cells were present at frequencies between 9% and 99% in all specimens. CD34+lin- cytogenetically aberrant cells comprised between 0.05% and 11.9% of the marrow/blood specimens. Cytogenetically aberrant CD34+lin+ cells constituted 0.01% tp 56% of the marrow/blood population. These data demonstrate that aberrant cells are present in primitive CD34+ stem cell compartments, even in CD34- leukemias. Stem cell involvement was confirmed further by sorting lymphoid and erythroid subpopulations from eight specimens in which the predominant leukemic population lacked lymphoid/erythroid differentiation markers. In these specimens, as well as in multiple lineages, suggests involvement of a cell(s) with multilineage capabilities. The ability of aberrant CD34+lin- stem cells to contribute to clonal and compartment expansion within immunofluorescently defined subpopulations was evaluated to explore the functional phenotype of aberrant CD34+lin- cells. Analysis of compartment size and aberrant cell frequency suggests that frequency of cytogenetically aberrant stem cells is uncoupled from compartment size. These data suggest that cytogenetically aberrant cells in the primitive compartment show varying abilities to expand primitive compartments. Cytogenetically aberrant CD34+lin- cells precede the blast subpopulation in hierarchical maturation and may in some cases by considered preleukemic, requiring maturation or additional mutations before transformation (eg, compartmental expansion) occurs.
Measurement of Cellular Immune Response to Viral Infection and Vaccination (2020)

Combined cellular and humoral host immune response determine the clinical course of a viral infection and effectiveness of vaccination, but currently the cellular immune response cannot be measured on simple blood samples. As functional activity of immune cells is determined by coordinated activity of signaling pathways, we developed mRNA-based JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity assays to quantitatively measure the cellular immune response on Affymetrix expression microarray data of various types of blood samples from virally infected patients (influenza, RSV, dengue, yellow fever, rotavirus) or vaccinated individuals, and to determine vaccine immunogenicity. JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was increased in blood samples of patients with viral, but not bacterial, infection and was higher in influenza compared to RSV-infected patients, reflecting known differences in immunogenicity. High JAK-STAT3 pathway activity was associated with more severe RSV infection. In contrast to inactivated influenza virus vaccine, live yellow fever vaccine did induce JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity in blood samples, indicating superior immunogenicity. Normal (healthy) JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was established, enabling assay interpretation without the need for a reference sample. The JAK-STAT pathway assays enable measurement of cellular immune response for prognosis, therapy stratification, vaccine development, and clinical testing.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR AERODYNAMIC VIBRATION-BASED POWER GENERATION USING FEEDBACK AMPLIFICATION (2012)

風の流れに沿って配置された2円柱間に生じる空力振動をフィードバック制御により増幅させ，風力エネルギーを効率的に得る新たな風力発電方式の実現に向け，制御ゲインと時間遅れの2つの制御パラメータが円柱応答特性に及ぼす効果について風洞実験により検討した．バネ支持した下流円柱の応答のフィードバックにより上流円柱を加振した結果，円柱固有周期の80%に相当する時間遅れを与えて上流円柱を加振するときに下流円柱応答が最大となること，その応答振幅は風速に依存せず制御ゲインで決まることが明らかとなった．また，制御ゲインに比例して下流円柱応答は増幅するものの，ある限界値以上の制御ゲインでは増幅しなくなる．電磁誘導を用いた簡易発電実験も行い，空力振動から電力を得ることができた．
Novel NO Trapping Catalysts Derived from Co−Mg/X−Al (X = Fe, Mn, Zr, La) Hydrotalcite-like Compounds (2007)

Co(2.5)Mg(0.5)/Al1 and Co(2.5)Mg(0.5)/X(0.5)Al(0.5) hydrotalcite-like compounds (where X = Fe, Mn, Zr, La) were synthesized by a constant-pH coprecipitation. The derived oxides from hydrotalcites upon calcination at 800 degrees C for 4 h in static air are mainly of spinel phase, with a surface area of 14.2-23.8 m2/g, where new phase ZrO2 and La2O3 are segregated in Zr- and La-containing oxides, respectively. Incorporation of the fourth element has assisted the reduction of transition-metal cations in the oxide catalysts, which may lead to the enhancement of the NO storage capacity in O2 at 100 degrees C for all catalysts. However, at 300 degrees C, only Zr- and La-containing catalysts improve the NO storage performance. Substantially, La-containing catalyst excels over all other catalysts in NO storage capability both at 100 and 300 degrees C. More remarkably, the NO storage at 300 degrees C (7.56 mg/g) is much higher than that at 100 degrees C (4.69 mg/g). NO adsorption/desorption routes have been proposed to explain the NO storage, the NO-to-NO2 conversion, and the reduction (decomposition) of NO to N2O/N2 in O2 on the catalysts. In addition, the negative influences of CO2 or H2O on the NO storage/reduction have been further revealed in this research.
Testicular Sterols (1966)

Abstract An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of prenol pyrophosphates was extracted from an acetone powder of testicular microsomes. The enzyme was partially purified by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex. The partially purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the phosphate ester bond of prenol pyrophosphates to yield equimolar amounts of prenol and inorganic pyrophosphate. Cleavage of inorganic pyrophosphate was catalyzed by a contaminating pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase that was present in crude preparations. The partially purified prenol pyrophosphate pyrophosphohydrolase catalyzed the hydrolysis of farnesol pyrophosphate, isopentenol pyrophosphate, and a mixture of biosynthetic 14C-prenol pyrophosphates, but hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate, mevalonate-5-phosphate, β-glycerol phosphate, or adenosine triphosphate was not observed.
A Paired-Comparision of the MultiFunction CardioGram<sup>sm</sup> (MCG) and Sestamibi SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) to Quantitative Coronary Angiography for the Detection of Relevant Coronary Artery Obstruction (≥70%) - A Single-Center Study of 116 Consecutive Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography (2011)

The MCG was shown in this paired-comparison trial with SPECT MPI to safely and accurately identify patients with relevant CO (≥70%) prior to catheterization.
A Usage of Resource Location and Discovery (RELOAD) for Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Verification (2010)

Verification Involving PSTN Reachability (ViPR) is a technique for
inter-domain SIP federation. ViPR makes use of the RELOAD protocol to
store unverified mappings from phone numbers to RELOAD nodes, with
whom a validation process can be run. This document defines the usage
of RELOAD for this purpose.
Bone formation in transforming growth factor β‐1‐coated porous poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds (2002)

This study determined the bone growth into pretreated poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) scaffolds implanted into a subcritical size, rabbit cranial defect. PPF scaffolds were constructed by using a photocrosslinking-porogen leaching technique. These scaffolds were then either prewetted (PPF-Pw), treated with RF glow-discharge (PPF-Gd), coated with fibronectin (PPF-Fn), or coated with rhTGF-beta1 (PPF-TGF-beta1). One of each scaffold type was then placed into the cranium of nine rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed after 8 weeks, and the scaffolds were retrieved for histological analysis. The most bone formation was present in the PPF-TGF-beta1 implants; the newly formed bone had a trabecular appearance together with bone marrow-like tissue. Little or no bone formation was observed in implants without rhTGF-beta1. These histological findings were confirmed by image analysis. Bone surface area, bone area percentage, pore fill percentage, and pore area percentage were significantly higher in the rhTGF-beta1-coated implants than in the noncoated implants. No statistical difference was seen between the PPF-Fn, PPF-Pw, or PPF-Gd scaffolds for these parameters. Quadruple fluorochrome labeling showed that in PPF-TGF-beta1 implants bone formation mainly started in the interior of a pore and proceeded toward the scaffold. We conclude that (a) PPF-TGF-beta1 scaffolds can indeed adequately induce bone formation in porous PPF, and (b) PPF scaffolds prepared by the photocrosslinking-porogen leaching technique are good candidates for the creation of bone graft substitutes.
Plant synthetic biology takes root (2014)

Applying the basic principles of synthetic biology to plants shows progress
SURFIN is a polymorphic antigen expressed on <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoites and infected erythrocytes (2005)

The surfaces of the infected erythrocyte (IE) and the merozoite, two developmental stages of malaria parasites, expose antigenic determinants to the host immune system. We report on surface-associated interspersed genes (surf genes), which encode a novel polymorphic protein family, SURFINs, present on both IEs and merozoites. A SURFIN expressed in 3D7 parasites, SURFIN4.2, was identified by mass spectrometric analysis of peptides cleaved off the surface of live IEs with trypsin. SURFINs are encoded by a family of 10 surf genes, including three predicted pseudogenes, located within or close to the subtelomeres of five of the chromosomes. SURFINs show structural and sequence similarities with exported surface-exposed proteins (PvSTP1, PkSICAvar, PvVIR, Pf332, and PfEMP1) of several Plasmodium species. SURFIN4.2 of a parasite other than 3D7 (FCR3S1.2) showed polymorphisms in the extracellular domain, suggesting sequence variability between genotypes. SURFIN4.2 not only was found cotransported with PfEMP1 and RIFIN to the IE surface, but also accumulated in the parasitophorous vacuole. In released merozoites, SURFIN4.2 was present in an amorphous cap at the parasite apex, where it may be involved in the invasion of erythrocytes. By exposing shared polymorphic antigens on IEs and merozoites, the parasite may coordinate the antigenic composition of these attachment surfaces during growth in the bloodstream.
Production of concentrated hydrogen from dilute, lean reducing gas by use of the steam-oxide process (Part 1). Behavior of iron oxide medium in the reduction-oxidation cycles. (1982)

Concentrated hydrogen was produced from dilute hydrogen gas by use of the periodic pulse technique coupled with the use of iron oxide medium. The amount of concentrated H2 thus produced was almost proportional to the width of the dilute H2 pulse and to the concentration of H2 in the pulse, but it was independent of the width of the H2O pulse. The yield of concentrated H2 from dilute H2 gas was as high as 50-60% at 700°C. However, the yield decreased markedly with decreasing reaction temperature, and concentrated H2 was scarcely produced at 400°C. Detailed kinetics of the reaction of dilute H2 with the preoxidized iron oxide medium and the reaction of H2O with the prereduced medium were investigated by use of high speed gaschromatograph. It was shown that the reaction of dilute H2 with the preoxidized medium proceed edreadily at 700°C and the conversion of H2 in this process was close to the equilibrium conversion. At lower temperatures such as 300 and 500°C, the reaction of the medium with dilute H2 was decreased by decreased equilibrium conversion and by decreased rate of the surface reaction and/or diffusion of the oxygen or iron ion in the bulk of the medium. The oxidation of the prereduced medium with H2O proceeded rapidly at 700°C, and the conversion of H2O was close to equilibrium conversion. At lower temperatures, the rate of oxidation of the medium with H2O was decreased significantly by decreased rate of surface reaction and/or by the migration of the oxygen or iron ion in the bulk of the medium. From these results and discussion, the characteristics of the iron oxide medium were clarified, and the necessity for developing new kinds of media was emphasized.
A highly specific radioreceptor assay for the active circulating form of atrial natriuretic factor in human plasma. (1988)

This highly sensitive radioreceptor assay (RRA) for the active circulating form of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), fragment 99-126, in human plasma requires 125I-labeled ANF, bovine zona-glomerulosa membrane receptors, and amiloride HCl. The amiloride elicits an increase in the binding affinity of ANF to its receptors. ANF is extracted from human plasma with "Sep-Pak" cyano cartridges. After a 90-min incubation at 25 degrees C, bound and free fractions are separated by filtration. The ANF concentration that inhibits receptor binding of the radioligand by 50% is 12.4 fmol of unlabeled ANF per tube. The minimum detectable concentration is 0.2 fmol per tube. Using ANF-supplemented plasma samples, there was a good correlation (r = 0.99) between ANF concentrations found and those expected. Only the active circulating form of ANF fully cross-reacts in this assay, which confirms its high selectivity. Results correlated strongly (r = 0.93) for clinical samples tested by RRA and RIA.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Nitroalkene (4 + 2) Cycloadditions: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Substituted and 3,4‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Opposite central and peripheral control by endogenous opioids of intestinal motility in fed rats (1989)

1. The effects of the inhibitors of endopeptidase EC 24.11, thiorphan and phosphoramidon administered i.c.v. (40 micrograms kg-1) i.p. (400 micrograms kg-1), or orally (400 micrograms kg-1), on intestinal motor activity in fed rats was compared to the effects of similar doses of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril and the synthetic enkephalin analogue [D-Ala2 Met5] enkephalinamide (Dalamide). Drugs were administered alone or after pretreatment with naloxone or N-methyl levallorphan (300 micrograms kg-1, i.p.) given 10 min prior to gavage with a standard meal. 2. In control conditions, in the duodenum, the disruption of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) by gavage with a standard meal lasted between 105.6 and 119.1 min. This duration was significantly decreased by thiorphan (60.3 +/- 15.0 min), phosphoramidon (67.9 +/- 7.3 min), captopril (26.3 +/- 10.2 min) and Dalamide (42.4 +/- 9.6 min), administered i.c.v. 3. In contrast, after the i.p. administration of thiorphan, phosphoramidon and Dalamide the delay in the return of the MMC pattern was increased. Such an effect was also seen after the oral administration of phosphoramidon or Dalamide. Neither i.p. nor oral captopril administration altered the duration of postprandial pattern. 4. A prior treatment with naloxone i.p. (300 micrograms kg-1) that had no effect per se, antagonized the effect produced by i.c.v. administration of thiorphan, phosphoramidon or Dalamide, but failed to reverse the effect of captopril.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)