gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage stability of reduced-sugar preserved mangoes prepared with acesulfame-K and/or aspartame. (2010)

Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of reduced-sugar preserved mangoes prepared by substituting 30% of the sugar used for concentration with equivalent sweetness of acesulfame- K, aspartame, and a m ixture of acesulfame-K and aspartame (1:1) were determined throughout 6 w eeks of storage at 4-5°C. The control and r educed-sugar formulations displayed some significative variation of physical and chemical properties duri ng t he st orage period, except for r educing and non-reducing s ugars content which showed a n expressive alteration. Sensory results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) for te xture and flavor a mong control an d reduced-sugar fo rmulations a fter the fourth week of sto rage. A ll formulations tended to produce darken color and less crispy texture throughout 6 w eeks of storage. The control and f ormulation wi th a cesulfame-K were l ess acceptable t han other formulations. The microbial counts of all formulations tended to increase w ith s torage t ime; therefore, the microbiological safe wa s about 4 weeks of storage. According to the consumer preference, the reduced-sugar formulation containing acesulfame-K and aspartame (1:1) w as c onsidered as the most fav ourite, w hich provided the total ca loric reduction about 24% in relation to 100g of the control preserved mango.
Hurricane Risks and Economic Viability of Strengthened Construction (2003)

This paper describes a procedure for evaluating the effect of changes to existing residential structural vulnerability on hurricane-induced building damage and expected insurance losses. Two scenario-based models are proposed for modeling changes in the vulnerability of the existing building stock due to improvements in building envelope performance, for both existing and new residential construction. The influence of changes in structural vulnerability over time on expected insurance losses can then be obtained. The cost of retrofit or additional cost to upgrade new construction can be included in the hurricane damage risk-cost-benefit analysis to assess the economic viability of this and other scenarios. “Zones of economic viability” are developed that illustrate in a graphical manner whether retrofitting of existing residential construction is cost-effective. For example, in some cases retrofit costs of up to 40% of initial building costs may be economically viable. The risk analysis also enables the time to economic viability to be calculated.
Analyzing the effects of floating dummy-fills: from feature scale analysis to full-chip RC extraction (2002)

Studies the effects of dummy-fills on the interconnect capacitance and the global planarity of chips in order to provide the design guideline of the dummy-fills. A simple but accurate full-chip RC extraction methodology taking the floating dummy-fills into account is proposed and applied to the analysis of changes in capacitance and signal delay of the global interconnects, for the first time. The results for 0.18 /spl mu/m designs clearly demonstrate the importance of considering floating dummy-fills in the interconnect modeling and the full-chip RC extraction.
The SIM card as an enabler for security, privacy, and trust in mobile services (2008)

Abstract: The paper describes an architecture for mobile services where the SIM card is integrated for providing basic services related to security, privacy, and trust. The presented work is part of a cooperative research initiative aiming at an open architecture for mobile services. Nowadays, the security of mobile networks is
Warm consolidation of amorphous metallic powder composites for AC applications (1987)

Amorphous Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">68.8</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.2</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> powders of zero magnetostriction were subjected to warm consolidation with resins for the purpose of AC applications. The amorphous compact of more than 90% of the packing fraction was obtained by consolidation utilizing viscous flow. The magnetic properties of the composite toroidal cores at high frequency range were evaluated by the frequency dependence of the permeability. It was certified that the liquid-state resins were more efficient on the electric isolation of the metallic particles to reduce eddy current losses than the powder resins which occupied the pores within the compact, preferentially. The polyimide varnish was, in particular, advantageous on such thermal resistance and thermosetting characteristics that enabled the denser compact at the temperature above the softening point of the amorphous alloy and the proper annealing for stress relaxation. The compact obtained with polyimide exhibited permeability higher and more stable against frequencies than the commercial iron dust core.
Science and Legal Education (1967)

Law, by nature, is a conservative influence in American society.Lawyers, argues Professor Miller, have become mere technicians.To meet the challenges of science and technology, the author believes that lawyers and law schools must reevaluate and adapt themselves to a policy oriented approach to the law utilizing past precedent but also becoming cognizant of rapid social (and legal) change.In this way, lawyers can aid in the management of change so as to preserve humanistic values.
Indexing consistency in MEDLINE. (1983)

The quality of indexing of periodicals in a bibliographic data base cannot be measured directly, as there is no one "correct" way to index an item. However, consistency can be used to measure the reliability of indexing. To measure consistency in MEDLINE, 760 twice-indexed articles from 42 periodical issues were identified in the data base, and their indexing compared. Consistency, expressed as a percentage, was measured using Hooper's equation. Overall, checktags had the highest consistency. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and subheadings were applied more consistently to central concepts than to peripheral points. When subheadings were added to a main heading, consistency was lowered. "Floating" subheadings were more consistent than were attached subheadings. Indexing consistency was not affected by journal indexing priority, language, or length of the article. Terms from MeSH Tree Structure categories A, B, and D appeared more often than expected in the high-consistency articles; whereas terms from categories E, F, H, and N appeared more often than expected in the low-consistency articles. MEDLINE, with its excellent controlled vocabulary, exemplary quality control, and highly trained indexers, probably represents the state of the art in manually indexed data bases.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Substrates to Value‐Added Chemicals on Dual‐Function Catalysts: Opportunities and Challenges (2018)

Aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation (APH) of bioderived feedstocks into useful chemical building blocks is one the most important processes for biomass conversion. However, several technological challenges, such as elevated reaction temperature (220-280 °C), high H<sub>2</sub> pressure (4-10 MPa), uncontrollable side reactions, and intensive capital investment, have resulted in a bottleneck for the further development of existing APH processes. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) under much milder conditions with non-fossil-based H<sub>2</sub> has attracted extensive interest as a result of several advantageous features, including high atom efficiency (≈100 %), low energy intensity, and green H<sub>2</sub> obtained from renewable sources. Typically, CTH can be categorized as internal H<sub>2</sub> transfer (sacrificing small amounts of feedstocks for H<sub>2</sub> generation) and external H<sub>2</sub> transfer from H<sub>2</sub> donors (e.g., alcohols, formic acid). Although the last decade has witnessed a few successful applications of conventional APH technologies, CTH is still relatively new for biomass conversion. Very limited attempts have been made in both academia and industry. Understanding the fundamentals for precise control of catalyst structures is key for tunable dual functionality to combine simultaneous H<sub>2</sub> generation and hydrogenation. Therefore, this Review focuses on the rational design of dual-functionalized catalysts for synchronous H<sub>2</sub> generation and hydrogenation of bio-feedstocks into value-added chemicals through CTH technologies. Most recent studies, published from 2015 to 2018, on the transformation of selected model compounds, including glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol, levulinic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, cresol, phenol, and guaiacol, are critically reviewed herein. The relationship between the nanostructures of heterogeneous catalysts and the catalytic activity and selectivity for C-O, C-H, C-C, and O-H bond cleavage are discussed to provide insights into future designs for the atom-economical conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals.
Spending Cuts Set To Kick In (2013)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSpending Cuts Set To Kick InCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2013, 91, 8, 4Publication Date (Print):February 25, 2013Publication History Published online31 March 2014Published inissue 25 February 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09108-notw1https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09108-notw1newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Energy,Sequestration Get e-Alerts
Graphic Design and Print Production Fundamentals (2015)

This textbook — written by a group of select experts with a focus on different aspects of the design process, from creation to production — addresses the many steps of creating and then producing physical, printed or other imaged products that people interact with on a daily basis. It covers the concept that, while most modern graphic design is created on computers using design software, the ideas and concepts don’t stay on the computer. The ideas need to be completed in the computer software, then progress to an imaging (traditionally referred to as printing) process. Keywords are highlighted throughout and summarized in a Glossary at the end of the book, and each chapter includes exercises and suggested readings.
Enzymology of human cytosolic sulfotransferases (1997)

Conjugation of many xenobiotics, drugs, and endogenous compounds with a sulfonate moiety is an important reaction in their biotransformation. Sulfation of these compounds generally results in a decrease in biological activity and an increase in their urinary excretion. However, in certain instances, sulfation results in bioactivation to reactive electrophilic or therapeutically active forms. At least four cytosolic sulfotransferases (STs) have been identified and characterized from human tissues. These enzymes are two forms of phenol ST (PST), the phenol-sulfating and the monoamine-sulfating forms of PST (P-PST and M-PST, respectively), an estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), and a hydroxysteroid ST, dehydroepiandrosterone ST (DHEA-ST). Although four cytosolic STs have been well characterized in human tissues, evidence is accumulating for the presence of allelic forms or additional distinct forms of the STs in human tissues. The STs possess distinct but overlapping substrate specificities, and all of the STs are capable of conjugating both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. The individual forms of ST may display distinct patterns of tissue specific expression and different mechanisms of regulation. Although the role of sulfation in drug metabolism is well recognized, an increased understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of the STs should also provide additional information as to their functions in many normal physiologic processes.
Human Coronary Artery Size During Life (1973)

The diameters of large epicardial coronary arteries were measured by quantitative cinearteriography in 99 patients. Average coronary size was larger than normal in patients with lesions associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and∕or dilation. The size of the coronary arteries supplying the left ventricle was normal in patients with pure mitral stenosis and in those with the “floppy mitral valve syndrome” (when mitral regurgitation was slight or absent). The left coronary artery was larger than the right coronary artery in 83% of cases. Measurement of coronary artery size is a simple and useful extension of coronary arteriography.
Fourth Generation Cephalosporins in the Antimicrobial Chemotherapy of Surgical Infections (1999)

Surgical infections include a variety of entities such as secondary peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses, obstetric and gynecological infections as well as bone-joint and soft-tissue infections. By definition the term "surgical infection" implies that surgery itself plays the major role in therapy, while antimicrobial chemotherapy is only supplementary. Broad-spectrum empirical regimens employed include the combination of a 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin plus clindamycin or metronidazole +/- aminoglycoside (depending on the severity of the condition). Cefepime and cefpirome are new 4th generation parenteral cephalosporins with a spectrum of activity which makes them suitable for the treatment of infections caused by a wide variety of bacteria. They are active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with activity comparable to or greater than that of cefotaxime or ceftazidime respectively. Cefepime in particular is also very active against strains of Enterobacter and Pseudomonas spp resistant to these two agents. In comparison with 3rd generation cephalosporins, cefepime appears to be less likely to induce resistance, due to a lower rate of hydrolysis by beta-lactamases, a low affinity for these enzymes and more rapid permeation into the cell. Despite the fact that a 4th generation cephalosporin is well-suited for the treatment of polymicrobial infections, the following should be kept in mind: (I) MRSA strains and Bacteroides fragilis group are not included in their spectrum of activity. (II) Cefpirome is the only cephalosporin with in vitro activity against Enterococci. (III) Severe surgical infections of nosocomial origin, and particularly in settings where Enterobacter spp predominate, represent the major indication for empirical use of a 4th generation cephalosporin in combination with a nitroimidazole.
Stereoselective hydrogenation of acetylene on copper catalysts: A quantum-chemical study (2008)

The structure of the alkyne adsorption complex on the copper surface is favorable for the stereoselective formation of cis isomers in the hydrogenation reaction. The pathway of dissociative hydrogen adsorption on copper is reported. It is assumed that the electron-donating promoter acts to reduce the electron work function of the copper catalyst by partially covering or “decorating” the surface of the copper particles.
Reliability modeling of distributed generation in conventional distribution systems planning and analysis (2003)

The primary objective of any electric utility company in the new competitive environment is to increase the market value of the services by providing the right amount of reliability, and at the same time, lower its costs for operation, maintenance and construction of new facilities in order to provide lower rates for customers. The electric utility company will strive to achieve this objective via many different means, one of which is to defer the capital distribution facility requirements in favor of a distributed generation (DG) solution by an independent power producer (IPP) to meet the growing customer load demand. In this case, the distribution capital investment deferral credit received by the IPP will be dependent on the incremental system reliability improvement rendered by the DG solution. In other words, the size, location and the reliability of the DG will be based on the comparable incremental reliability provided by the distribution solution under considerations. This paper presents a reliability model for determining the DG equivalence to a distribution facility for use in distribution system planning studies in the new competitive environment.
Polarization-Dependent Microlens Array Using Reactive Mesogen Aligned by Top-Down Nanogrooves for Switchable Three-Dimensional Applications (2015)

(Received April 20, 2015 : revised May 6, 2015 : accepted May 6, 2015)We propose a reactive mesogen (RM) lens array to obtain good focusing behavior along with a short focal plane, where the focusing behavior is switchable according to the polarization state of incident light. Polarization-dependent focusing behavior is obtained using a planoconvex RM microlens array on a planoconcave isotropic lens template. Even though the sagitta of our RM lens is high, to obtain the short focal length, the RM layer can be aligned well by introducing a top-down alignment effect, using a nanogrooved template. The optical noise due to the moire effect generated by the nanogrooves on the surface of the planoconvex RM layer can be removed simply by overcoating a thin RM layer, which is self-aligned by the geometric surface effect, without an additional alignment process. We demonstrate a hexagonal-packed RM lens array that has a very high fill factor and symmetric phase profile, for an ideal lens.
Matrix methods applied to acoustic waves in multilayers (2003)

Matrix methods for analyzing the electroacoustic characteristics of anisotropic piezoelectric multilayers are described. The conceptual usefulness of the methods is demonstrated by examples that show the simplification of formal statements of propagation, transduction, and boundary-value problems in complicated acoustic layered geometries such as those in SAW (surface acoustic wave) devices, in multicomponent laminates, and in bulk-wave composite transducers. The formulation reduces the electroacoustic equations to a set of first-order matrix differential equations, one for each layer, in the variables which must be continuous across interfaces. The solution to these equations is a transfer matrix that maps the variables from one layer face to the other. Interface boundary conditions for a planar multilayer are automatically satisfied by multiplying the individual transfer matrices in the appropriate order, thus reducing the problem to the imposition of boundary conditions appropriate to the remaining two surfaces. The computational advantages of the matrix method lie in the fact that the problem rank is independent of the number of layers, and in the availability of PC software, which makes interactive numerical experimentation with complex layered structures practical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ototoxicity of Ethanol in the Tympanic Cleft in Animals (1981)

This work was undertaken to study the ototoxicity of topically applied ethanol in quantitative terms. Using guinea pigs, ethanol was administered (1) on the round window for 10 min, (2) instilled in the middle ear cavity for 24 hours, and (3) perfused into the cochlear canal (into the scala tympani) at the rat of 10 microliter/min for 10 min. Cochlear microphonics from the electrode on the round window were recorded. The critical concentration (the maximum dilution ratio) of the ethanol that appears to be ototoxic in the experimental condition mentioned above was determined to be (1) 50%, (2) 10%, (3) 0.1% respectively. Using chinchillas, the effect of ethanol with round window application on the Endocochlear Potential (EP) was studied. Simultaneous recording of EP from the 1st and 3rd turn of the cochlea showed a more marked decline in EP in the 1st turn. 70% ethanol caused an irreversible, plateauing decline in EPO, while 35% ethanol caused a reversible decline in EP.
Identification of Illegal Garbage Dumping with Video Analytics (2018)

We present a novel system for the identification of illegal garbage dumping from moving vehicles through the use of video analytics. The proposed system analyses a video sequence to detect garbage disposal from moving vehicles and identifies the owner of the vehicle based on the license plate of the vehicle. The system then moves to intimate the perpetrator of the act through a website. The offender may then pay the fine required through a payment portal available on the website. The proposed system comprises of modules for each of the stated tasks. The Vehicle Detection and Tracking module uses a Haar Cascade Classifier and Background Subtraction. The Garbage Identification module uses contouring and blob creation. The License Plate Reading module utilizes the OpenALPR library. The database interface accesses a Registration Certificate Book database and updates the website with relevant information. Due to the novelty of our problem statement, it was necessary to create our own dataset of video sequences featuring garbage of various sizes being thrown out of moving vehicles. The system successfully detects garbage in videos captured under versatile conditions, indicating that our approach is robust to changes in environment and illumination.
The movements and habits of climbing plants (1876)

hooked tendrils, their manner of action -Leguminos^- Composite -Smilace^-Smilax aspera, its ineflficient tendrils -Fumakiace^-Corydalis daviculata, its state intermediate between that of a leaf-climber and a tendril-