gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microarchitectural deterioration of cortical and trabecular bone: Differing effects of denosumab and alendronate (2010)

The intensity of bone remodeling is a critical determinant of the decay of cortical and trabecular microstructure after menopause. Denosumab suppresses remodeling more than alendronate, leading to greater gains in areal bone mineral density (aBMD). These greater gains may reflect differing effects of each drug on bone microarchitecture and strength. In a phase 2 double-blind pilot study, 247 postmenopausal women were randomized to denosumab (60 mg subcutaneous 6 monthly), alendronate (70 mg oral weekly), or placebo for 12 months. All received daily calcium and vitamin D. Morphologic changes were assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and distal tibia and QCT at the distal radius. Denosumab decreased serum C-telopeptide more rapidly and markedly than alendronate. In the placebo arm, total, cortical, and trabecular BMD and cortical thickness decreased (-2.1% to -0.8%) at the distal radius after 12 months. Alendronate prevented the decline (-0.6% to 2.4%, p = .051 to <.001 versus placebo), whereas denosumab prevented the decline or improved these variables (0.3% to 3.4%, p < .001 versus placebo). Changes in total and cortical BMD were greater with denosumab than with alendronate (p < or = .024). Similar changes in these parameters were observed at the tibia. The polar moment of inertia also increased more in the denosumab than alendronate or placebo groups (p < .001). Adverse events did not differ by group. These data suggest that structural decay owing to bone remodeling and progression of bone fragility may be prevented more effectively with denosumab.
Increase of glycocalyx and altered lectin agglutination profiles of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 after incubation in bovine subcutaneous tissue chambers in vivo or in ruminant serum in vitro (1997)

Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 (bovine strain OK) was incubated for 2 and 6 h in bovine subcutaneous tissue chambers in vivo, and ovine strain 82-25 and bovine strain L011 were incubated in vitro for 2 h in heat-inactivated ovine or bovine serum from which gamma globulin had been depleted by protein G affinity chromatography to assess changes in morphology and lectin agglutination profiles (strains 82-25 and L101 only). Cells, removed from chambers after 2 h, were covered with an extensive, dense glycocalyx extending approximately 0.5 microm from the cell surface. In many cells, the glycocalyx was separated from the cell surface by a clear, electron-transparent area. Cells, removed at 6 h, were covered with a sparse glycocalyx of fine fibers 0.2 to 0.3 microm from the cell surface. Strains 82-25 and L101, incubated for 2 h in heat-inactivated ovine or bovine serum or in heat-inactivated ovine or bovine serum depleted of gamma globulin by protein G affinity chromatography, were also covered with a glycocalyx. The glycocalyx did not bind protein A-colloidal gold and therefore did not contain aggregates of accumulated antibody. Strains 82-25 and L101 were incubated individually for 2 h in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.14 M NaCl, 0.5 mM CaCl2, and 0.15 mM MgCl2 or with this buffer and either 25% heat-inactivated, gamma globulin-depleted ovine serum or 25% heat-inactivated, gamma globulin-depleted bovine serum. Agglutination profiles were then determined with 17 lectins in 10 mM HEPES-buffered saline (pH 8.4) with 0.1 mM CaCl2 and 0.08% sodium azide. Profiles did not vary with 10 of 17 lectins. However, profiles did vary with peanut agglutinin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, Sophora japonica agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin II, Narcissus pseudonarcissus (daffodil) lectin, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I, and Pisum sativum agglutinin. Altered profiles indicate a change in the bacterial cell surface, possibly by adsorption or alteration of surface carbohydrate moieties by serum constituents.
Differential Expression of the Vegetative and Spore‐Bound Hydrophobins of <i>Trichoderma Reesei</i> Cloning and Characterization of the <i>Hfb2</i> Gene (1997)

The hfb2 gene encoding the hydrophobin HFBII of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei was isolated by heterologous hybridization using the vegetative hydrophobin I, hfb1, gene of T. reesei as a probe. The hfb2 gene codes for a typical fungal secreted hydrophobin of 71 amino acids containing eight cysteine residues. The amino acid similarity towards HFBI is 69%. The HFBII protein was isolated from the fungal spores by extraction with trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile solution, and by bubbling from the lactose-based culture medium. Expression of the hfb1 and hfb2 genes is divergent. hfb1 expression was only observed in vegetative cultures on glucose-containing and sorbitol-containing media. It was not expressed on media containing complex plant polysaccharides, cellulose, xylan, cellobiose or lactose, whereas hfb2 was highly expressed in vegetative cultures on these media. Expression of hfb2 was also strongly induced by N and C starvation, by light and in conidiating cultures.
The synthesis of some highly strained pyrylium and N-benzylpyridinium salts and kinetics of their reactions with piperidine (1983)

5,8-Dimethyl-1-tetralone (11) yields the hindered pyrylium salts (12)—(14), which give the corresponding pyridines and pyridinium salts with ammonia and amines. Chroman-4-one affords the oxoniaphenanthrene perchlorate (17). The additional steric hindrance from the C-methyl groups in (28) and (16) decreases the rate of SN2 displacement. 2,4-Diphenylbenzo[h]chromenylium (7) and 5,6-dihydro-7-phenyldi-benzoxanthylium tetrafluoroborates (8) do not give the corresponding pyridinium salts with aliphatic amines.Benzo[f]chromanone with αβ-unsaturated ketones yielded tetracyclic pyridinium salts (33) and (34). Acenaphthenone derived pyrylium salts (39), (40), and (46), were prepared from benzylideneacetophenone, styryl t-butyl ketone, and benzo[f]chromanone. Kinetic measurements on derived N-benzylpyridinium salts demonstrated that the αβ-fusion of an acenaphthene ring decreased the tendency of a pyridine to act as a leaving group compared to the corresponding 2-phenylpyridine.
A transvaginal probe for near infrared spectroscopic monitoring of the bladder detrusor muscle and urethral sphincter (2008)

The majority of in vivo applications of near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) monitoring use transcutaneous optode placement over the tissue of interest. Invasive application of optodes is occasionally described for monitoring tissue too deep for transcutaneous study, principally in animal models, but sometimes in humans. Invasive fibre-optic probes have been developed for a range of other spectroscopic applications including some in vivo . We describe the design and feasibility testing in a human subject of a vaginal probe to extend the scope of recently developed techniques for NIRS monitoring in urology. Design criteria included: use of optodes and cables with dimensions compatible with appropriate overall probe size; dual channel capability (for simultaneous monitoring of bladder wall and urethral sphincter); secure interoptode separation at correct distance for required penetration; ease of insertion, orientation and avoidance of movement artifact. Components were obtained that met design criteria and allowed use of the probe connected to a commercial NIRS instrument. Iterative development established optimal interoptode distance and secure positioning of a probe that could be housed for in vivo study within a disposable vaginal speculum. The feasibility of monitoring changes in chromophore concentration in the bladder detrusor and urethral sphincter using this intravaginal probe was evident from four separate studies during voiding and a series of physiologic events (cough, Valsalva and Kiegel contractions) in a healthy female volunteer. This small series suggests that reproducible data free of movement artifact, with consistent patterns and magnitudes of chromophore change can be obtained with the probe designed.
PREFACE (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPREFACETHADDEUS E. WHYTE JR.THADDEUS E. WHYTE JR.Catalytica Associates, Inc. Mountain View, CaliforniaMore by THADDEUS E. WHYTE JR., RALPH A. DALLA BETTARALPH A. DALLA BETTACatalytica Associates, Inc. Mountain View, CaliforniaMore by RALPH A. DALLA BETTA, ERIC G. DEROUANEERIC G. DEROUANEMobil Technical Center Princeton, New JerseyMore by ERIC G. DEROUANE, and R. T. K. BAKERR. T. K. BAKERExxon Research & Engineering Co. Clinton, New JerseyMore by R. T. K. BAKERDOI: 10.1021/bk-1984-0248.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):April 5, 1984Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 5 April 1984Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1984 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Catalytic Materials: Relationship Between Structure and Reactivitypp ix-xACS Symposium SeriesVol. 248ISBN13: 9780841208315eISBN: 9780841210769Chapter Views120Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (227 KB) Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen effects on fatigue strength of a High Strength Low Alloy steel (2013)

The results obtained in an experimental study, aimed at characterizing the effects of hydrogen content on fatigue behavior of High Strength Low Alloy steels candidates for advanced hydrogen storage tanks manufacturing, are presented. Tests were conducted, both on hydrogen previously charged and virgin material specimens. Results indicates the hydrogen tend to mainly affect the crack propagation, rather than the crack initiation stage, with nearly no effect on fatigue limit. Such results were also confirmed by SEM observations of fracture surfaces, showing the presence of several secondary cracks in hydrogen charged specimens. SOMMARIO. Vengono presentati i primi dati ottenuti in studio sperimentale volto a caratterizzare gli effetti della presenza di idrogeno sulla resistenza a fatica di acciai High Strength Low Alloy, utilizzabili per la costruzione di recipienti per l'immagazzinamento di idrogeno gassoso. Sono state condotte prove di fatica su provini caricati e non caricati con idrogeno. I risultati ottenuti indicano che l'effetto dell'idrogeno e osservabile soprattutto nella fase di propagazione della frattura, mentre appare modesto su quella di innesco, non influenzando in modo evidente il limite di fatica. I risultati sono stati confermati da osservazioni SEM che, nei provini caricati con idrogeno, hanno evidenziato la presenza di numerose secondary cracks sulla superficie di frattura.
Perturbation of Hydrogen-Bonding Networks over Supported Lipid Bilayers by Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (2019)

Water is vital to many biochemical processes and is necessary for driving fundamental interactions of cell membranes with their external environments, yet it is difficult to probe the membrane/water interface directly and without the use of external labels. Here, we employ vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy to understand the role of interfacial water molecules above bilayers formed from zwitterionic (phosphatidylcholine) and anionic (phosphatidylglycerol, PG, and phosphatidylserine, PS) lipids as they are exposed to the common polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) in 100 mM NaCl. We show that as the concentration of PAH is increased, the interfacial water molecules are irreversibly displaced and find that it requires 10 times more PAH to displace interfacial water molecules from membranes formed from purely zwitterionic lipids when compared to membranes that contain the anionic PG and PS lipids. This outcome is likely due to the difference in (1) the energy with which water molecules are bound to the lipid headgroups, (2) the number of water molecules bound to the headgroups, which is related to the headgroup area, and (3) the electrostatic interactions between the PAH molecules and the negatively charged lipids that are favored when compared to the zwitterionic lipid headgroups. The findings presented here contribute to establishing causal relationships in nanotoxicology and to understanding, controlling, and predicting the initial steps that lead to the lysis of cells exposed to membrane-disrupting polycations or to transfection.
Effects of repeated suberythemal doses of UVA in human skin (1998)

There is now considerable evidence that UVA radiation may contribute to the clinical changes commonly observed in photodamaged skin. Animal studies have repeatedly shown that prolonged irradiation with UVA can induce non-melanoma skin cancer [1], inflammation [2] and significant connective tissue damage including elastosis, which is a prominent histological feature of photoaged skin [3, 4]. Furthermore, UVA may also contribute [...]
Influence of mammography screening on use of mastectomies in Denmark (2014)

To the Editor, Invitations to breast screening and information from public authorities and cancer charities have often promised that screening leads to less invasive surgical therapy [1]. Since the...
Landslide Susceptibility Zoning For Risk AnalysisUsing A Geographical Information System (GIS)In The Jerte Valley (Spanish Central System) (2000)

The Jerte Valley is a linear tectonic depression (NE-SW), generated by several fracture systems associated with the Odemira-Plasencia fault which is one of the most important in the Iberian Peninsula. One of the most significant processes in the Quaternary evolution of this valley is that of mass movements. An analysis of the natural factors controlling these processes in this area reveals that, in current conditions, major mass movements are unlikely to be generated. However, our working hypothesis considers that a phenomenon with catastrophic consequences is feasible, chiefly due to anthropic activity; in recent years there has been a process of replacement of the natural vegetation with cherry-tree plantations and considerable urban and road infrastructure development. Therefore we have commenced a series of studies on landslide hazards in the Jerte Valley. The first step, the results of which we present here, was to divide the area into zones based on the values of certain causality indices or factors (what some authors call zonal susceptibility or propensity). The cartographic zoning was carried out using a GIS which, based on the most standardised procedures.
Success of prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> in structure–function is a challenge for structure-based therapeutics (2003)

Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is almost ubiquitous in humans and evokes potent diverse actions. Utility is the price of its perfection. PGE2 is a founding member of the PGs, a class of mediators that belongs to the still growing family of bioactive autacoids known as the eicosanoids (1–3). The main classes include enzymatically generated products such as thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and EETs, as well as others that are produced via nonenzymatic mechanisms, e.g., isoprostanes and cyclopentaeone PGs that are increasing in number and appreciation (4, 5). PGE2 regulates key responses in the major human systems including reproductive, gastrointestinal, neuroendocrine, and immune (Fig. 1). Formed by conversion of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase (COX) and specific synthases, PGE2 stereospecifically exerts potent (nano- to micromolar range) tissue- and cell type-selective actions (1–6). The importance of PGs in inflammation was brought into view by the discovery of J. Vane and colleagues (7) that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, that at the time were used clinically without a known mechanism, act by inhibiting COX production of PGs and thromboxanes. Although highly effective, the COX inhibitors (both COX-1 and COX-2) of today's clinics are still rather blunt therapies at the molecular level, because they not only block the formation of individual PGs but also knock out other “bystander” eicosanoids that may be needed to maintain homeostasis. This can lead to unwanted side effects in multiple systems, i.e., ulcers and constipation. Hence there remains considerable room for improvement in this clinical area. In this issue of PNAS, Trebino et al. (8) studied the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis by using microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES1) deficient mice and demonstrate the contributions of this enzyme and PGE2 in chronic inflammation and pain. Their results provide in vivo validation of this …
The synthesis of certain 5-aminotetrazole derivatives. II. The action of hydrazoic acid on monoalkylcyanamides (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of certain 5-aminotetrazole derivatives. II. The action of hydrazoic acid on monoalkylcyanamidesWilliam L. Garbrecht and Robert M. HerbstCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 8, 1014–1021Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50014a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50014a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time-frequency analysis of modulated speech noises (1994)

The production of some speech sounds involves the periodic modulation of a noise component (e.g., the voiced fricatives in French, or aspiration noises in breathy vowels). According to the linear acoustic model of speech production, the speech signal is produced by filtering an excitation signal with a linear time-varying filter (which represent the vocal tract transfer function and sound radiation). For instance, in voiced fricatives, the excitation signal is a mixed signal resulting from the modulation of a frication noise source by the glottal flow. Two representations, taking into account the nonstationary nature of mixed-excitation speech sounds, were studied: cyclostationary analysis (using a spectral correlation (SC) estimator of the cyclic frequency-frequency spectrum) and nonstationary analysis [using a smoothed pseudo Wigner–Ville (WV) estimator of the Wigner–Ville spectrum]. The theoretical and experimental results obtained on test signals and actual speech show that some acoustic parameters can be estimated using these analysis methods (frequency of modulation using SC; time structure of the modulation spectrum and vocal tract filter transfer function using WV). Nevertheless, estimation of other acoustic parameters (for instance the spectral density of the excitation noise) appeared difficult, if not impossible.
Culture conditions improving the production of jadomycin B (2006)

The jadomycins are a unique family of benzoxazolophenanthridine antibiotics produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 following heat or ethanol shock or phage infection. We have modified the culture conditions by altering the carbon source, buffer, inoculum size, and timing of ethanol shock, thereby reducing growing times and improving jadomycin B production. Our optimized conditions use glucose as the carbon source, MOPS as buffer, low concentrations of phosphate, a defined inoculum concentration and an immediate ethanol shock to induce jadomycin B production; results that contrast previous studies. The altered media will facilitate the isolation of related jadomycin B congeners.
A Combined Pointer and Purity Analysis for Java Programs (2004)

We present a new method purity analysis for Java programs. A method is pure if it does not mutate any location that exists in the program state right before method invocation. Our analysis is built on top of a combined pointer and escape analysis for Java programs and is capable of determining that methods are pure even when the methods do heap mutation, provided that the mutation affects only objects created after the beginning of the method. Because our analysis extracts...
Dataset for Learning-aided Unary Error Correction Codes for Non-Stationary and Unknown Sources (2016)

Data supporting a paper submitted to IEEE Access (Matlab simulations).
Carbon Nanotube Networks: Sensing of Distributed Strain and Damage for Life Prediction and Self Healing (2006)

Conducting carbon nanotube networks formed in an epoxy polymer matrix can be utilized as highly sensitive in situ sensors for detecting the onset, nature, and evolution of damage in advanced polymer-based composites using direct-current measurements (see figure). These results hold promise for evaluation of autonomic self-healing approaches for polymers and for the development of enhanced life-prediction methodologies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0977_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDY OF GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE FORMULATION (E7155) (1) : FERTILITY STUDY IN MALE RATS BY INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION (1999)

The influence of gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) on general reproductive performance and fertility in male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain was assessed in this study. E7155 was administered by intravenous injection at a dosage of 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0 mmol/kg/day to groups of 22 male rats for 13 weeks. Control animals received 0.9% sterile physiological saline throughout the same period. After four weeks of treatment, each male was paired with an untreated female of the same strain. Each male was paired again after 10 weeks of treatment with another untreated female of the same strain. All females were killed on Day 14 of gestation for examination of pregnancy status. No significant toxicological signs associated with systemic exposure to E7155 were observed. There were no effects of treatment with E7155 on body weight gain, food consumption, macroscopic findings, reproductive organ weights and sperm count or sperm motility in male rats. Mating performance after pairing at Weeks 4 and 10 of treatment as well as litter size and number of survival embryos on Day 14 of gestation were not affected by paternal treatment with E7155. From these results, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of E7155 was 2.0 mmol/kg/day for general and reproductive toxicity parameters in male rats treated with E7155 and for development in their embryos.