gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Pheromone System using RFID for Autonomous Navigation (2007)

This paper presents a progress in a project that aim to implement autonomous navigation with artificial pheromone system. By introducing artificial pheromone system composed of data carriers and autonomous robots, the robotic system creates a potential field to navigate their group. We have developed a pheromone density model to realize the function of pheromones with the help of data carriers. We intend to show the effectiveness of the proposed system by performing simulations. The pheromone potential field system can be used in a transportation network system.
Changes in Myocardial Backscatter Throughout the Cardiac Cycle (1983)

This investigation was performed to identify and quantify systematic variations of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle. Using a broadband 5 MHz focused transducer coupled to the epicardial surface of the left ventricle in dogs, backscatter measurements were obtained from each of 7 intervals (windows) of 34 milliseconds duration evenly distributed throughout the cardiac cycle and referenced to backscatter from a steel reflector. Values of integrated backscatter obtained demonstrated a consistent and reproducible pattern throughout the cardiac cycle characterized by elevated values at end-diastole and significantly lower values at end-systole. The average maximum difference was 3.5 dB.
Method for the Synthesis of Amine-Functionalized Fullerenes Involving SET-Promoted Photoaddition Reactions of α-Silylamines (2014)

A novel method for the preparation of structurally diverse fullerene derivatives, which relies on the use of single electron transfer (SET)-promoted photochemical reactions between fullerene C60 and α-trimethylsilylamines, has been developed. Photoirradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing C60 and α-silylamines leads to high-yielding, regioselective formation of 1,2-adducts that arise through a pathway in which sequential SET-desilylation occurs to generate α-amino and C60 anion radical pair intermediates, which undergo C-C bond formation. Protonation of generated α-aminofullerene anions gives rise to formation of monoaddition products that possess functionalized α-aminomethyl-substituted 1,2-dihydrofullerene structures. Observations made in this effort show that the use of EtOH in the solvent mixture is critical for efficient photoproduct formation. In contrast to typical thermal and photochemical strategies devised previously for the preparation of fullerene derivatives, the new photochemical approach takes place under mild conditions and does not require the use of excess amounts of substrates. Thus, the method developed in this study could broaden the scope of fullerene chemistry by providing a simple photochemical strategy for large-scale preparation of highly substituted fullerene derivatives. Finally, the α-aminomethyl-substituted 1,2-dihydrofullerene photoadducts are observed to undergo photoinduced fragmentation reactions to produce C60 and the corresponding N-methylamines.
Voltage control at grid connection point by high power charging stations (2014)

The importance of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles as a serious alternative to conventional-driven vehicles especially in urban areas increases. The main disadvantage for the use of such vehicles for long distance is the low capacity of the battery. A quick charging time realized by a high power level of 50 kW (compared with a standard charging station) describes a feasible technical solution for a higher driving range per day. This solution requires the development of an infrastructure for high power charging at places with public access like motorway service stations and can lead to a wide utilization of electric vehicles. This paper deals with voltage control at the grid connection point by quick charging stations for a large scale integration in areas with weak power grid infrastructure.
Minimal Time Requirement for Lasting Elicitor Effects in Cultured Parsley Cells (1986)

Abstract Elicitor preparations derived from cell walls of phytopathogenic Alternaria spp. rapidly inhibited uptake of both inorganic phosphate and amino acids by cultured parsley cells. The inhibition of phosphate uptake was completely reversed if the elicitor was removed within a time period of approximately 20 min following its addition to the cell cultures. Cells which had been exposed to the elicitor for more than 20 min prior to washing, however, exhibited an increasingly reduced rate of phosphate uptake as compared to non-induced controls. Maximal inhibition of phosphate uptake (about 30 to 40% of the controls) required 40 min or more of elicitor treatment. These results confirm that a minimal time of exposure to elicitor of about 20 min is necessary to induce lasting effects in parsley cells. Moreover, the initial inhibition of amino acid uptake into the parsley cells suggests that the elicitor rapidly decharged the plasmalemma potential of the cells.
MDM2 and MDM4 splicing: an integral part of the cancer spliceome (2009)

MDM2 and MDM4, the murine double minute proteins, are oncogenes that function as important regulators of various proteins. One fundamental role for these proteins is regulation of the tumor suppressor, p53. Precise regulation of p53 is vital for coordinated malignant suppression and cell survival. Alternative splice forms of MDM2 as well as MDM4 have been associated with various cancers. Indeed, UV irradiation triggers alternative splicing of both MDM2 and MDM4. Coordinated alternative splicing in response to cellular stress or in cancerous cells regulates the posttranscriptional expression of these two genes and likely others. This concert of stress responsive mRNAs comprises the cancer spliceome and provides a fingerprint of coordinated alternative splicing in these aberrant cells. Although various transcripts have been described for both proteins, here we provide a precise catalog of the alternatively spliced transcripts of both genes and the cancers with which they are associated.
Parity–Time Symmetry in Free Space Optics (2017)

This chapter describes some of the efficiency modulations one may implement by using conventional phase and/or amplitude modulations in diffractive and holographic optics, both in static and in dynamic modes. Nonstandard efficiency modulations and selectivity might be implemented through parity-time symmetry (PT) in gratings, holograms, and even more complex computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The chapter describes several different implementations of PT-symmetric optics in free space. It reviews the implementation of parity-time symmetry in free space diffractive microoptics and nanophotonics, such as gratings, holograms and metasurfaces. It gives an accurate solution of free space diffraction on a slab of a PT-symmetric volume Bragg grating that combines modulation of refractive index and gain/loss of the same periodicity with the quarter-period shift between them. The chapter considers the particular case of the so-called filled space grating, when dielectric permittivity to the left and right of the slab is equal to the average dielectric permittivity of the slab.
Sensitivity of photolysis frequencies and key tropospheric oxidants in a global model to cloud vertical distributions and optical properties (2009)

Clouds directly affect tropospheric photochemistry through modification of solar radiation that determines photolysis frequencies. As a follow‐up study to our recent assessment of these direct radiative effects of clouds on tropospheric chemistry, this paper presents an analysis of the sensitivity of such effects to cloud vertical distributions and optical properties (cloud optical depths (CODs) and cloud single scattering albedo), in a global three‐dimensional (3‐D) chemical transport model. The model was driven with a series of meteorological archives (GEOS‐1 in support of the Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport mission, or GEOS1‐STRAT, GEOS‐3, and GEOS‐4) generated by the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation system. Clouds in GEOS1‐STRAT and GEOS‐3 have more similar vertical distributions (with substantially smaller CODs in GEOS1‐STRAT) while those in GEOS‐4 are optically much thinner in the tropical upper troposphere. We find that the radiative impact of clouds on global photolysis frequencies and hydroxyl radical (OH) is more sensitive to the vertical distribution of clouds than to the magnitude of column CODs. With random vertical overlap for clouds, the model calculated changes in global mean OH (J(O 1 D), J(NO 2 )) due to the radiative effects of clouds in June are about 0.0% (0.4%, 0.9%), 0.8% (1.7%, 3.1%), and 7.3% (4.1%, 6.0%) for GEOS1‐STRAT, GEOS‐3, and GEOS‐4, respectively; the geographic distributions of these quantities show much larger changes, with maximum decrease in OH concentrations of ∼15–35% near the midlatitude surface. The much larger global impact of clouds in GEOS‐4 reflects the fact that more solar radiation is able to penetrate through the optically thin upper tropospheric clouds, increasing backscattering from low‐level clouds. Model simulations with each of the three cloud distributions all show that the change in the global burden of ozone due to clouds is less than 5%. Model perturbation experiments with GEOS‐3, where the magnitude of 3‐D CODs are progressively varied from −100% to 100%, predict only modest changes (<5%) in global mean OH concentrations. J(O 1 D), J(NO 2 ), and OH concentrations show the strongest sensitivity for small CODs and become insensitive at large CODs owing to saturation effects. Caution should be exercised not to use in photochemical models a value for cloud single scattering albedo lower than about 0.999 in order to be consistent with the current knowledge of cloud absorption at the ultraviolet wavelengths.
Isolated sling suspension during resection of the Spiegel lobe of the liver: a safe alternative technique for difficult cases (2010)

Anterior approach using the isolated sling-suspension technique may be a safe alternative surgical option for bulky and/or invasive lesions located in the Spiegel lobe of the liver.
Agents That Inhibit Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 Do Not Block Formation of Actin Pedestals in HeLa Cells Infected with Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induces formation of actin pedestals in infected host cells. Agents that inhibit the activity of Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, including Clostridium difficile toxin B (ToxB), compactin, and dominant negative Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, did not inhibit formation of actin pedestals. In contrast, treatment of HeLa cells with ToxB inhibited EPEC invasion. Thus, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 are not required for assembly of actin pedestals; however, they may be involved in EPEC uptake by HeLa cells.
Wolff rearrangement of β‐alkynyl‐α‐diazo‐β‐ketoesters: light‐induced acetylene–allene isomerization and its use for activation of enediynes (2011)

Irradiation of β‐phenylethynyl‐α‐diazo‐β‐ketoester with 300 or 350 nm light results in efficient and regioselective Wolff rearrangement producing only the product of alkynyl group migration. Addition of alcohols to the resulting α‐oxoketene yields α‐phenylethynyl‐β‐diester, which undergoes rapid ( τ < 1 min) tautomerization to 1,1‐dicarbalkoxyallene. The latter then adds second molecule of alcohol in Michael fashion to form the final product, 2‐(1‐alkoxy‐2‐phenylvinyl)malonic ester. α‐Phenylethynyl‐β‐ketoacid produced from the ketene in aqueous solutions does not isomerize to an allene but rather undergoes decarboxylation to give β,γ‐acetylenic ester. Introduction of o ‐(3‐hydroxy‐1‐propynyl) fragment in the structure of the parent α‐diazo‐β‐ketoester allowed us to achieve two goals simultaneously: ring closure by intramolecular nucleophilic attack of propargyl alcohol on photo‐generated ketene and the subsequent acetylene–allene rearrangement. The resulting enyne–allene undergoes spontaneous Myers–Saito cycloaromatization generating 1,4‐biradical. In alcohol solutions, however, ketene reaction with solvent outcompetes the intramolecular process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions or Electrophilic Coupling Reactions Using Arynes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analysis of polymeric insulators (2002)

Industry has adapted from porcelain to polymers when the opportunity has presented itself with a lower cost, lighter weight, and superior contamination performance. When new, nonceramic insulators (NCIs) generally have excellent contamination performance compared to ceramic insulators. However, in the field, NCIs are more susceptible to changes in their surface properties due to environmental aging. Some insulators have operated for many years, while others have failed after a few months. This wide variation of performance of NCI causes concerns for users about their aging and life expectancy. The aim of this work is to study the surface characteristics of in-service NCIs and simulate the same. Presented in this paper is the analysis of field flashed and field aged NCIs.
<title>Spectral interferometric immunoassay with synthetic lipid-anchored polypeptide antigens</title> (1993)

Spectral interferometric investigations, which were carried out at thin dielectric layers with a novel fixation procedure for synthetic antigens, are reported. This work is aimed at an optical, regenerable, label-free immunosensor for antibody determinations. Most optical biosensor approaches require fixation of some kind of receptor to the sensor surface. Simple adsorption leads to washout effects and often prohibits sensor regeneration. Covalent fixation usually decreases receptor affinity significantly. In this paper we report a noncovalent fixation procedure, based on synthetic, lipid anchored peptide antigens. Fixation is achieved by strong hydrophobic interaction between the pretreated sensor surface and a lipid anchor covalently linked to the antigen. Spectral interferometry uses short coherent (white) light interference for the determination of surface and volume effects at thin films. This method has been successfully applied to hydrocarbon sensing and solid phase adsorption immunoassay.
Glass composition development for a thermal spray vitrification process (1996)

The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACERL) is developing flame spray technologies to remove and stabilize lead containing organic coatings. A development effort was completed to identify glass formulations suitable for use in these processes. The acceptability of prospective compositions was primarily based on the leachability of the hazardous constituents of the glasses as determined by the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Attempts were also made, however, to develop glasses with physical characteristics and processing properties similar to previous successful formulations. Four waste permutations, representing typical organic coating hazardous constituents, were examined in this study including: lead only; copper only; lead and copper; and lead, cadmium and chromium. Glass formulations tested included: alkali borosilicate, sodium barium silicate, lead iron phosphate, and a {open_quotes}commercial{close_quote} lead silicate. The borosilicate glasses were the most successful in stabilizing the hazardous constituents. The most successful glass frit composition for stabilizing all waste permutations was: 5.1 wt % Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, 10.0 wt % B{sub 2}O{sub 3}, 12.3 wt % Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, 2.0 wt % Li{sub 2}O, 16.5 wt % Na{sub 2}O and 54.1 wt % SiO{sub 2}.
Lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 expression in cancer cells attenuates tumor growth and metastasis in mice (2014)

Lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 (LPP1) degrades lysophosphatidate (LPA) and attenuates receptor-mediated signaling. LPP1 expression is low in many cancer cells and tumors compared with normal tissues. It was hypothesized from studies with cultured cells that increasing LPP1 activity would decrease tumor growth and metastasis. This hypothesis has never been tested in vivo. To do this, we inducibly expressed LPP1 or a catalytically inactive mutant in cancer cells. Expressing active LPP1 increased extracellular LPA degradation by 5-fold. It also decreased the stimulation of Ca(2+) transients by LPA, a nondephosphorylatable LPA1/2 receptor agonist and a protease-activated receptor-1 peptide. The latter results demonstrate that LPP1 has effects downstream of receptor activation. Decreased Ca(2+) mobilization and Rho activation contributed to the effects of LPP1 in attenuating the LPA-induced migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and their growth in 3D culture. Increasing LPP1 expression in breast and thyroid cancer cells decreased tumor growth and the metastasis by up to 80% compared with expression of inactive LPP1 or green fluorescent protein in syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. The present work demonstrates for the first time that increasing the LPP1 activity in three lines of aggressive cancer cells decreases their abilities to produce tumors and metastases in mice.
Protection of pancreatic INS-1 β-cells from glucose- and fructose-induced cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition with cyclosporin A or metformin (2011)

Hyperglycemia is detrimental to β-cell viability, playing a major role in the progression of β-cell loss in diabetes mellitus. The permeability transition pore (PTP) is a mitochondrial channel involved in cell death. Recent evidence suggests that PTP inhibitors prevent hyperglycemia-induced cell death in human endothelial cells. In this work, we have examined the involvement of PTP opening in INS-1 cell death induced by high levels of glucose or fructose. PTP regulation was studied by measuring the calcium retention capacity in permeabilized INS-1 cells and by confocal microscopy in intact INS-1 cells. Cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry. We first reported that metformin and cyclosporin A (CsA) prevented Ca²+-induced PTP opening in permeabilized and intact INS-1 cells. We then showed that incubation of INS-1 cells in the presence of 30 mM glucose or 2.5 mM fructose induced PTP opening and led to cell death. As both metformin and CsA prevented glucose- and fructose- induced PTP opening, and hampered glucose- and fructose- induced cell death, we conclude that PTP opening is involved in high glucose- and high fructose- induced INS-1 cell death. We therefore suggest that preventing PTP opening might be a new approach to preserve β-cell viability.
Flexible high-performance IR camera systems (1999)

Indigo Systems Corporation has developed a family of standard readout integrated circuits (ROIC) for use in IR focal plane arrays (FPAs) imaging systems. These standard ROICs are designed to provide a compete set of operating features for camera level FPA control, while also providing high performance capability with any of several detector materials. By creating a uniform electrical interface for FPAs, these standard ROICs simplify the task of FPA integration with imaging electronics and physical packages. This paper begins with a brief description of the features of four Indigo standard ROICs and continues with a description of the features, design, and measured performance of indium antimonide, quantum well IR photo- detectors and indium gallium arsenide imaging system built using the described standard ROICs.
Carboxylic Rubbers. II. Properties of Cured Stocks (1959)

Abstract The experimental evidence shows that the mechanical and elastic properties of the carboxylic rubber compounds far exceed those of the synthetic rubber type compounds. Important qualities of gum and lightly filled carboxylic rubber compounds are: good mechanical and elastic properties, high cut growth resistance and good resistance to heat aging. The disadvantage is the tendency of the carboxylic rubber mixtures to scorch. Carboxylic rubbers are of considerable interest for the preparation of general and special purpose rubber compounds.
Antibody reactivity profiles following immunization with diverse peptides of the PERB11 (MIC) family (1996)

PERB11 (MIC) is a gene family possessing multiple copies located within the MHC. Structurally, PERB11 is related to the MHC class I, neonatal IgG Fc receptor (FcRn) and Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein molecules. The MHC class I family is complex in terms of its genomic arrangement, expression and function, and available evidence suggests that the PERB11 family may be similarly complex. We have adopted an approach to study the expression of such complex gene families by immunizing with multiple peptides and by screening the resulting antibodies against a large range of tissues. The amino acid sequences of PERB11.1 and PERB11.2 as well as those of other related molecules were analysed and compared. Peptides were chosen for immunization based upon (i) loop formation within the equivalent known structure of the MHC class I molecules; (ii) immunogenicity by computer analysis; and (iii) evolutionary relationships. Antibodies in serum from immunized rabbits bound to three out of six peptides used for immunization. ELISA and immunoprecipitation demonstrated binding both to the peptides and to the PERB11.2 recombinant protein. By immunofluorescent staining of various tissues of several species, the three antisera generated overlapping profiles of activity. These included reactions with kidney, small and large intestine, oesophagus, testis, ovary and human neutrophils. This is the first description of antibodies induced by the PERB11 peptides. The extreme complexity of these profiles requires further investigation, but may be explained in terms of antibodies against diverse products of the PERB11 gene family and/or related molecules.
Endoscopic Localization of Preneoplastic Lung Lesions (1998)

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in North America. It is estimated that there will be approximately 200,000 new cases of lung cancer in Canada and the United States in 1996. The mortality rate has remained relatively unchanged over the last two decades and more than 85 % of the patients with lung cancer will die of their disease. The lack of progress is due to the absence of an effective early diagnostic test and the unavailability of curative therapies for advanced disease. Although elimination of tobacco smoking is the best public health measure to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality, longterm smokers who stop smoking retain a very high probability of developing lung cancer [1]. Thus, even if the target goal of the National Cancer Institute to reduce the fraction of smokers to 15% is reached by the year 2000, lung cancer incidence will continue to rise well into the next century. Therefore, the problem must be attacked on two fronts. We must deal with the population already at risk in addition to stopping the inflow of new people into the reservoir.