gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bis-Intercalation of a Homodimeric Thiazole Orange Dye in DNA in Symmetrical Pyrimidine-Pyrimidine-Purine-Purine Oligonucleotides (1996)

One- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the binding of a homodimeric thiazole orange dye, 1,1'-(4,4,8,8-tetramethyl-4,8-diazaundecamethylene)-bis-4-(3 -methyl-2,3-dihydro-(benzo- 1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)-quinolinium tetraiodide (TOTO), to various double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides containing symmetric (5'-pyr-pyr-pu-pu-3')2 or (5'-pu-pu-pyr-pyr-3')2 sequences. It was found that TOTO binds preferentially to oligonucleotides containing a (5'-CTAG-3')2 or a (5'-CCGG-3')2 sequence. Binding to the (5'-CCGG-3')2 sequence is less favored than to the (5'-CTAG-3')2 sequence. The complexes of TOTO with d(CGCTAGCGCTAGCG)2 (10) and d(CGCTAGCCGGCG):d(CGCCGGCTAGCG) (11) oligonucleotides, each containing two preferential binding sites, was also examined. In both cases TOTO forms mixtures of 1:1 and 1:2 dsDNA-TOTO complexes in ratios dependent on the relative amount of TOTO and the oligonucleotides in the sample. Binding of TOTO to the two oligonucleotides is sequence selective at the (5'-CTAG-3')2 and (5'-CCGG-3')2 sites. The 1H NMR spectra of both the 1:2 complexes and the three different 1:1 complexes have been assigned. A slight negative cooperativity is observed in formation of the 1:2 complexes. The ratio between the two different 1:1 complexes formed with oligonucleotide 11 is 2.4 in favor of binding to the (5'-CTAG-3')2 site. This is very similar to results obtained when the two sites are in different oligonucleotides. Thus the distribution of TOTO among the (5'-CTAG-3')2 and (5'-CCGG-3')2 sites is independent of whether the two sites are in the same or two different oligonucleotides.
Therapy and clinical trials in frontotemporal dementia: past, present, and future (2016)

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common form of dementia with heterogeneous clinical presentations and distinct clinical syndromes. This article will review currently available therapies for FTD, its related disorders and their clinical evidence. It will also discuss recent advancements in FTD pathophysiology, treatment development, biomarker advancement and their relation to recently completed or currently ongoing clinical trials as well as future implications. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a type of dementia with distinct clinical syndromes. Current treatments involve off-label use of medications for symptomatic management and cannot modify disease course. Advancements in FTD pathophysiology, genetics, and biomarkers have led to development of small molecules targeting the underlying pathology in hopes of achieving a disease-modifying effect. This article will review current therapies for FTD, discuss advancements in FTD pathophysiology, therapy development, biomarker advancement, their relation to recent clinical trials and future implications. This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
Synthesis, characterization, and free radical polymerization of new acrylamide-based monomer containing a 1H-tetrazole ring: Thermal investigation and derivatization of the homopolymer (2007)

N-[4-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yloxy)phenyl]acrylamide was synthesized and subjected to homopolymerization under radical initiation. The structure of the monomer and homopolymer was characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), FT-IR, and 13C and 1H NMR data. Thermal behavior of the homopolymer was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The tetrazole ring in the homopolymer was converted into imidoyl azide derivatives via reactions with cyanogen bromide, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, and trifluoro-methanesulfonyl chloride.
Mutant p53 rescues human diploid cells from senescence without inhibiting the induction of SDI1/WAF1. (1995)

Although the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21SDI1 (WAF1/CIP1) has been proposed as the mediator of p53-induced cell cycle arrest following DNA damage, several stimuli now appear to induce SDI1 independent of p53 function. We have examined the behavior of p53 and SDI1 in an isogeneic model by manipulating p53 status in normal diploid human fibroblasts using an amphotropic retroviral vector. Following DNA strand break damage induced by bleomycin, both SDI1 induction and G1-S cell cycle arrest are p53 dependent, consistent with SDI1 being the key mediator. In contrast, in cellular senescence (and following UV irradiation), induction of SDI1 occurs independent of p53 function yet growth arrest is still p53 dependent. We conclude (a) that redundant pathways exist for induction of SDI1, but that (b) SDI1, while perhaps necessary, is not sufficient for inhibition of cell cycle progression, requiring the cooperation of an additional factor (possibly another cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) whose expression, at least in the case of senescence, is strictly p53 dependent.
The ‘Bladder Penis’: Longitudinal Polypoid Tumor of the Distal Ureter, a Rare Case of Urinary Tract Endometriosis (2009)

Background: Ureteral endometriosis presents a rare manifestation of endometriosis with approximately only 1% occurrence. Here we present an example of its strong pleomorphism with flank pain, obstruction and a large polypoid intravesical lesion originating from the distal ureter. Case: A 50-year-old woman was admitted with symptoms of acute flank pain, fever and signs of acute pyelonephritis. The patient was diagnosed as unilateral hydronephrosis of unknown origin and cytoscopy revealed an intravesical polypoid lesion with its origin from the distal ureter. Ureteroscopic resection of the polypoid tumor was performed and conservative management with ureteral stenting and hormone therapy for 6 months followed but failed. CT scan revealed ureteral fibrosis secondary to endometriosis. Consequently, ureterocystoneostomy was performed and complete relief of symptoms was accomplished. The post-operative excretory urography at 1 month showed no obstruction. No further episodes of pyelonephritis and flank pain have occurred during a 4 month follow-up. Conclusion: It appears that ureteral endometriosis is a highly pleomorphic disease capable of forming long tumor-like polypoid lesions. Surgical therapy in combination with hormone ablation remains the current therapy of choice for the treatment of ureteral endometriosis.
High Range Resolution with digital stretch processing (2008)

This paper describes an approach to high range resolution (HRR) by means of stretch processing by digital deramping. This approach offers advantages that are common for stretch processing, as a moderate data rate for signal processing in the presence of a high bandwidth waveform. In contrast to conventional analogue processing, deramping is realized digitally. The approach of digital deramping offers the possibility to combine the deramp processing with digital down modulation. Moreover, the digital deramping allows to measure and calibrate distortions in the analogue radar front-end. A calibration scheme is presented that incorporates calibration corrections into the digital deramp signal. The calibration scheme is of particular interest for applications in active phased array radars with multiple receive channels. The presented approach offers a number of advantages compared to analogue stretch processing and other approaches to high range resolution.
Melatonin and the seasonal control of reproduction (1999)

Many mammalian species from temperate latitudes exhibit seasonal variations in breeding activity which are controlled by the annual photoperiodic cycle. Photoperiodic information is conveyed through several neural relays from the retina to the pineal gland where the light signal is translated into a daily cycle of melatonin secretion: high at night, low in the day. The length of the nocturnal secretion of melatonin reflects the duration of the night and it regulates the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. Changes in GnRH release induce corresponding changes in luteinising hormone secretion which are responsible for the alternating presence or absence of ovulation in the female, and varying sperm production in the male. It is not yet known where and how this pineal indoleamine acts to exert this effect. Although melatonin binding sites are preferentially localised in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the adenohypophysis, the hypothalamus contains the physiological target sites of melatonin for its action on reproduction. Melatonin does not seem to act directly on GnRH neurons; rather it appears to involve a complex neural circuit of interneurons that includes at least dopaminergic, serotoninergic and excitatory aminoacidergic neurons.
Studies on measurement of chloride ion concentration in concrete structures with long-period grating sensors (2006)

We report the development and demonstration of a simple and low-cost long-period grating (LPG) sensor for chloride ion concentration measurement in concrete structures. The LPG sensor is extremely sensitive to the refractive index of the medium surrounding the cladding surface of the sensing grating, thus allowing it to be used as an ambient index sensor or chemical concentration indicator with high stability and reliability. We have measured chloride ion levels in a concrete sample immersed in salt water solution with different weight concentration ranging from 0 % to 20 %, and results showed that the LPG sensor exhibited a linear decrease in the transmission loss and resonance wavelength shift when the concentration increased. The measurement accuracy for concentration of salt in water solution is estimated to be 0.6 % and the limit of detection for chloride ion is about 0.04 %. To further enhance its sensitivity for chloride concentrations, we have coated gold nanoparticles on the grating surface of the LPG sensor. The sensing mechanism is based on the sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance of self-assembled Au colloids on the grating portion of the LPG. With this method, a factor of two increases in sensitivity of detecting chemical solution concentrations was obtained. The advantage of this type of the sensor is relatively simple of construction and ease of use. Moreover, the sensor has the potential capability for on-site, in vivo, and remote sensing, and has the potential use for disposable sensors.
Qualitative model of the operating mechanism of the protective coating for low pressure Hg lamps (2006)

Interaction between the plasma and protective coating on the inner side of low pressure mercury lamp bulbs is considered. Under the assumption that the main way of decreasing the transmission of the bulb wall is the implantation of Hg ions within the fused quartz and formation of complexes [HgO] therein, a qualitative model of the attenuation mechanism is offered. The influence of the characteristics of a coating (thickness, close-packed structures, the lattice parameter, mass of atoms) on the transmission of the bulb walls is analysed. On the basis of the suggested model, estimates of the change in minimum transmission of bulb walls were made for lamps with and without protective coating. It is shown that in spite of approximations, the proposed model is in good agreement with experimental data.
Current test of a DC superconducting power transmission line (1981)

A test of a prototype dc superconducting electric power transmission line (dc SPTL) has been performed at 5 kA and 12 K. A supercritical helium refrigeration system was used to cool the test system which included a cable with a hollow central core so that the go and return refrigerant streams could countercurrently cool the inner and outer surfaces of the cable. Multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn superconducting wire was developed for the dc SPTL application and extensively tested to establish the optimum fabrication techniques and the expected response of the wire to cabling, operating, and installation stresses.
Tissue strands as &#x201C;bioink&#x201D; for scale-up organ printing (2014)

Organ printing, takes tissue spheroids as building blocks together with additive manufacturing technique to engineer tissue or organ replacement parts. Although a wide array of cell aggregation techniques has been investigated, and gained noticeable success, the application of tissue spheroids for scale-up tissue fabrication is still worth investigation. In this paper, we introduce a new micro-fabrication technique to create tissue strands at the scale of 500-700μm as a "bioink" for future robotic tissue printing. Printable alginate micro-conduits are used as semi-permeable capsules for tissue strand fabrication. Mouse insulinoma beta TC3 cell tissue strands were formed upon 4 days post fabrication with reasonable mechanical strength, high cell viability close to 90%, and tissue specific markers expression. Fusion was readily observed between strands when placing them together as early as 24h. Also, tissue strands were deposited with human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) vascular conduits together to fabricated miniature pancreatic tissue analog. Our study provided a novel technique using tissue strands as "bioink" for scale-up bioprinting of tissues or organs.
Studies of the metabolism and distribution of fibrinogen in healthy men with autologous 125-I-labeled fibrinogen. (1966)

A few studies of the metabolism and distribu- tion of fibrinogen in healthy men have been re- ported (1-3), but because of the lability of fibrino- gen and the methods employed the earlier of these do not appear to have been entirely successful. Recent advances in the preparation of fibrinogen- 131I (4, 5) and in the mathematics of its kinetic behavior (6) have made possible more reliable and extensive studies. Observations have therefore been made on 12 healthy male volunteers with autologous fibrinogen labeled with 125J.
Hepatocyte transplantation for inborn errors of metabolism (2004)

Liver transplantation for inborn errors of metabolism has proved effective in some (mostly liver-associated) inborn errors of metabolism. Significant morbidity and mortality rates have been extensively reported due to disease recurrence or to complications of the immunosuppressive regimen. On the basis of clinical trials in animals as well as in humans, the use of isolated hepatocytes offers a unique opportunity for treating inborn errors of metabolism. The state of art of the technique applied to this field is reviewed here and related practical problems are examined. No final conclusions can be drawn, but further insight into the use of alternative sources of cells, including stem/progenitor cells associated with cryobiology and immunological research, will offer new opportunities for cell therapy for inborn errors of metabolism in the near future.
[Effectiveness of nursing instruction in reducing uncertainty, anxiety and self-care in breast cancer women undergoing initial chemotherapy]. (2010)

Study results indicate that nursing instruction can decrease uncertainty and elevate self-care levels. We suggest that nurses provide structured nursing instructions based on evidence-based guidelines to breast cancer women undergoing initial chemotherapy in order to promote self-care level and patient degree of control over their disease and treatment. This intervention may ameliorate patient and family uncertainties with regard to disease and chemotherapy complexity.
Members of the fatty acid binding protein family are differentiation factors for the mammary gland. (1994)

Mammary gland development is controlled by systemic hormones and by growth factors that might complement or mediate hormonal action. Peptides that locally signal growth cessation and stimulate differentiation of the developing epithelium have not been described. Here, we report that recombinant and wild-type forms of mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) and heart-fatty acid binding protein (FABP), which belong to the FABP family, specifically inhibit growth of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (MEC), while growth of stromal cells is not suppressed. In mammary gland organ culture, inhibition of ductal growth is associated with the appearance of bulbous alveolar end buds and formation of fully developed lobuloalveolar structures. In parallel, MDGI stimulates its own expression and promotes milk protein synthesis. Selective inhibition of endogenous MDGI expression in MEC by antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides suppresses appearance of alveolar end buds and lowers the beta-casein level in organ cultures. Furthermore, MDGI suppresses the mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor, and epidermal growth factor antagonizes the activities of MDGI. Finally, the regulatory properties of MDGI can be fully mimicked by an 11-amino acid sequence, represented in the COOH terminus of MDGI and a subfamily of structurally related FABPs. This peptide does not bind fatty acids. To our knowledge, this is the first report about a growth inhibitor promoting mammary gland differentiation.
Solvent / Acid Blend Provides Economic Single Step Matrix Acidizing Success for Fines and Organic Damage Removal in Sandstone Reservoirs: A Niger - Delta Case Study (2004)

Abstract The formation of petroleum residue and deposits is a recurrent problem in low API gravity or heavy oil reservoirs and reservoirs with significant pressure and temperature fluctuations. It is also a challenge in fields where recent well interventions has pushed pipe dope into the perforations resulting in severe loss of native formation permeability and productivity. This paper discusses the application of a unique solvent acid dispersion that offers one step stimulation of reservoirs damaged with both plugging solids and organic deposits. Conventional acid systems including the numerous patented HF - HCl and organic acid blends dissolve the plugging solids and cementitious materials but cannot stimulate sandstone reservoirs damaged with organic deposits or a combination of plugging solids , fines migration and organic deposits. In fact, the formation of acid induced sludge is common. However, this acid - solvent blend dissolves asphaltene and paraffin deposits, prevents the formation of wax crystals and removes organic residue and inorganic materials simultaneously. A special surfactant train acts synergistically with the acid blend, prevents acid induced sludge and leaves the rock surfaces strongly water wet. Overall treatment efficiency was increased especially in gravel packed intervals by using a rotating jetting tool although success has also been recorded using the bullheading option. Recent experience has shown the acid blend is particularly suitable as a spearhead for injection wells. Optimum solvent loading for effective stimulation is between (10 - 20) percent depending on reservoir temperature, suspected damage mechanism and the severity of relative permeability effects. Unique experience detailing standard lab / field practice and exceptional results for several wells in the Niger Delta is the focus of this paper. Wells treated with this unique blend either as spearhead for other specialty acid systems or as a one step treatment show dramatic and sustained productivity increases of between (50 - 150) % relative to initial well data. The system has been proven to be successful in most types of completion architecture. Key technical and economic performance indicators including skin factors, production rates, specific productivity indices, payback time and treatment cost indicate this low viscosity acid blend is both technically proficient and cost effective.
Rapid genetic screening for haemochromatosis using heteroduplex technology (1997)

The recently described association between haemochromatosis and mutations in the HFE or HLA-'H' gene has prompted the need for a simple and rapid genetic test capable of detecting multiple mutations simultaneously. Heteroduplex analysis, a new diagnostic technique, fulfills such criteria and we have investigated the potential for the detection of the Cys282Tyr mutation. 100 subjects were genotyped using the heteroduplex approach. The results showed clear distinction between individuals who did not carry the mutation, individuals who were heterozygous for the mutation and homozygous individuals. Heteroduplex results obtained by both silver staining and capillary electrophoresis showed 100% concordance with those obtained by restriction digestion of PCR product.
Cytosolic herpes simplex virus capsids not only require binding inner tegument protein pUL36 but also pUL37 for active transport prior to secondary envelopment (2012)

As the inner tegument proteins pUL36 and pUL37 of alphaherpesviruses may contribute to efficient intracellular transport of viral particles, we investigated their role in cytosolic capsid motility during assembly of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). As reported previously for pUL36, untagged pUL37 and UL37GFP bound to cytosolic capsids before these acquired outer tegument and envelope proteins. Capsids tagged with CheVP26 analysed by live cell imaging were capable of directed long-distance cytoplasmic transport during the assembly of wild-type virions, while capsids of the HSV1-ΔUL37 or HSV1-ΔUL36 deletion mutants showed only random, undirected motion. The HSV1-ΔUL37 phenotype was restored when UL37GFP had been overexpressed prior to infection. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy revealed that capsids of HSV1-ΔUL37 still recruited pUL36, whereas pUL37 did not colocalize with capsids of HSV1-ΔUL36. Nevertheless, the cytosolic capsids of neither mutant could undergo secondary envelopment. Our data suggest that pUL36 and pUL37 are important prior to their functions in linking the inner to the outer tegument. Efficient capsid transport to the organelle of secondary envelopment requires recruitment ofpUL37 onto capsids, most likely via its interaction with pUL36, while capsid-associated pUL36 alone is insufficient.
Vancomycin enhancement of experimental tobramycin nephrotoxicity (1986)

The influence of vancomycin on tobramycin nephrotoxicity was assessed in male Fischer rats. Treatment groups included controls receiving diluent and groups receiving vancomycin alone at a dosage of 200 mg/kg (body weight) per day, tobramycin alone at a dosage of 80 mg/kg per day, and a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin at the above dosages. All regimens were injected on a twice-a-day schedule. The animals were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 10, 14, 17, and 21. When compared with controls, animals receiving vancomycin alone exhibited no detectable renal toxicity. Compared with the case with controls, tobramycin alone was toxic, as manifested by lower mean animal weights, increased blood urea nitrogen concentrations on days 14 and 17 (P less than 0.005), increased serum creatinine concentrations on days 17 and 21 (P less than 0.005), and the presence of renal cortical tubular necrosis and regeneration. When compared with tobramycin alone, the combination of vancomycin and tobramycin caused earlier and more severe toxicity. By day 10, the magnitude of weight loss, the rise in blood urea nitrogen, and the increase in serum creatinine concentration were all greater in the rats given the combination of vancomycin plus tobramycin than in the animals given tobramycin alone (P less than 0.005). In addition, there was more proximal tubular necrosis and regeneration in rats given vancomycin plus tobramycin compared with those given tobramycin alone. In this animal model, vancomycin alone caused no detectable renal injury, tobramycin alone produced minimal proximal tubular damage, and the combination of vancomycin and tobramycin resulted in a greater degree of kidney injury than observed with tobramycin alone.