gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COVID-19, Mast Cells, Cytokine Storm, Psychological Stress, and Neuroinflammation (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pandemic infectious disease that originated in China. COVID-19 is a global public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 causes mild to severe illness with high morbidity and mortality, especially in preexisting risk groups. Therapeutic options are now limited to COVID-19. The hallmark of COVID-19 pathogenesis is the cytokine storm with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokine (C-C-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia, and neurological disorders, including stroke, the damage to the neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier disruption, high intracranial proinflammatory cytokines, and endothelial cell damage in the brain. Mast cells are innate immune cells and also implicated in adaptive immune response, systemic inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, traumatic brain injury and stroke, and stress disorders. SARS-CoV-2 can activate monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and induce cytokine storm in the lung. COVID-19 can activate mast cells, neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause psychological stress and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, COVID-19 can induce mast cell activation, psychological stress, cytokine storm, and neuroinflammation.
A Class of Decentralized Routing Algorithms Using Relaxation (1977)

An important problem in packet-switched communication networks is the optimal assignment of routes to the message packets. An optimal routing assignment is one which chooses network paths for the packets in a way that minimizes some cost function, typically average message delay. A class of optimal routing algorithms is described which utilize a type of iterative computation known as relaxation. Computation is decentralized in the sense that each node computes its routing strategy using only information supplied from adjacent nodes. Being iterative, the algorithms are inherently adaptive. The routing computation is based conceptually on an electrical network analog for the optimization problem. We show that a simple, convergent relaxation procedure can be used to "solve" the analog network, thereby yielding the optimal routing strategy. A simple example is presented to illustrate the method. In general, the computational load compares favorably with other (centralized) methods, although further work is needed to obtain quantitive comparisons in specific cases.
PhotoShop 5 for Windows Bible (1996)

From the Publisher:
Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible is a totally revised update to the classic bestseller, providing everything a Windows user needs to know to learn and become an expert with the latest release of Adobe Photoshop 6. Author and premier Photoshop guru Deke McClelland once again delivers the most comprehensive, informative, and entertaining coverage of Photoshop you'll find anywhere- complete with all the insider secrets and tips you need for state-of-the-art graphic design. The book includes a CD-ROM packed with utilities, plug-ins, sample images, an artist gallery, video interviews, and more.
Laos: rural economy threatened by AIDS. (1994)

Laos is a rural country in which more than 70% of the work force depends upon the agricultural sector for its livelihood. Crop production in Laos is a low-productivity, labor-intensive affair which is highly vulnerable to disruption by natural disasters and outbreaks of disease. Laos is also a crossroads for trade from Cambodia, China, Thailand, and Vietnam. While such trade has some positive effect upon the domestic economy, it also facilitates the spread of sexually transmitted diseases into Laos from neighboring countries with high rates of HIV infection. The northwestern trading corridor bordering Thailand, Myanmar, and China is of particular concern with regard to the spread of HIV. The Lao government identified eleven individuals infected with HIV and had officially reported only one case of AIDS to the World Health Organization (WHO) as of April 1992. Although WHO has not yet confirmed or projected the number of HIV-seropositive and AIDS cases in Laos, scant available data suggest that AIDS is concentrated in urban areas. Poverty and isolation will not, however, protect rural villages from HIV. The implications of a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic for rural social structures are considered. It is clear that such a situation could lead to agroeconomic dislocation and jeopardize national food security. The following measures are recommended to confront HIV/AIDS in the agricultural sector: change cropping systems, provide AIDS prevention education and technical assistance, and recruit village cadres to increase AIDS awareness among young Lao and care for the very ill.
A New Method to Evaluate in vitro Myelotoxicity of Antitumour Agents in the First Steps of Drug Development (2001)

Research focused on the development of new anticancer agents has been based mainly on the assessment of the antitumour activity. This yields a large number of newly developed drugs endowed with good antitumour properties, but heavy side-effects on myelopoiesis. In this work, we validate a new method potentially useful to assess myelotoxic effect of newly developed agents. The proposed technique uses peripheral blood CD34+ cells as source of haematopoietic progenitors. These cells are grown in liquid culture in the presence of cytokines able to induce differentiation versus the three main lineages. Doxorubicin, carboplatin and topotecan served as reference drugs to investigate the accuracy of the technique. The three drugs mimick the effects reported in vivo. Doxorubicin and carboplatin produce a specific effect toward erythropoietic and thrombopoietic lineages, respectively, and topotecan a three-lineage toxicity. An advantage of the technique is the possibility to further investigate myelotoxicity. Here, we assessed differentiation markers in CD34+ cells to evaluate if the three drug treatments can affect the process of differentiation. Data show that the drug treatments were unable to modulate the expression of the selected differentiation markers in the surviving population. We propose this method as an innovative tool to score the myelotoxic effect of compounds in the first steps of drug development to further develop those compounds with the best ratio between activity and myelotoxic effects. Moreover, the fact that the method is performed in liquid phase allows its optimisation in a conventional "high throughput system".
Natural Killer Cells in the Lungs (2019)

The lungs, a special site that is frequently challenged by tumors, pathogens and other environmental insults, are populated by large numbers of innate immune cells. Among these, natural killer (NK) cells are gaining increasing attention. Recent studies have revealed that NK cells are heterogeneous populations consisting of distinct subpopulations with diverse characteristics, some of which are determined by their local tissue microenvironment. Most current information about NK cells comes from studies of NK cells from the peripheral blood of humans and NK cells from the spleen and bone marrow of mice. However, the functions and phenotypes of lung NK cells differ from those of NK cells in other tissues. Here, we provide an overview of human and mouse lung NK cells in the context of homeostasis, pathogenic infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, mainly focusing on their phenotype, function, frequency, and their potential role in pathogenesis or immune defense. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of NK cells in the lungs will aid the development of NK cell-based immunotherapies for the treatment of lung diseases.
MICROPARK - an Integrated CBD Parking and Traffic, Planning and Management System (1991)

The planning and management of traffic and parking facilities in urban centres requires an integrated and systematic approach, incorporating statistical analysis, information management and modelling. This requires a large amount of data to be collected, processed, analysed and presented. However, these tasks are not easily performed using traditional manual based methods. MICROPARK is an integrated microcomputer package for planning and managing central city parking and traffic systems. It comprises a statistical analysis package, a graphical information system and a model. This paper describes the development of the MICROPARK system and its components as well as its application in the City of Wollongong CBD traffic and parking study.
Report of the Vlllth National Conference Melbourne, July 10-14, 1991 (1991)

Report on the national conference held at Melbourne. Outlines the objectives of the conference and the outcomes.
A Robot Interface Using Virtual Reality and Automatic Kinematics Generator (1998)

This paper describes an innovative user interface for high-level control of robot manipulators.The interface uses virtual reality to provide the user with an interactive 3D graphical representation of the manipulator.The interface is designed to give a novice user an intuitive tool to control any kind of mechanical structure (serial, parallel or hybrid) without requiring any programming skill.The user simply describes the geometric properties of the manipulator and then inverse kinematics are automatically calculated in real time, in order to move any part of the robot through 3D input devices.The interface is also designed to provide the user decision capabilities when problems, like singularities, are encountered.Lastly, to enhance the intuitive use of the interface, a new mechanical input device with force-feedback is being developed.This interface is currently in use at EPFL-ISR (Lausanne, Switzerland) and NASA-Ames (Moffett Field, California) to control a variety of industrial and research manipulators as well as to study new designs.* On a Silicon Graphics High Impact 250MHz R4400 processor.The graphics of all robots were simplified to obtain a 60Hz frame rate with the inverse kinematic algorithm disabled.(Frame rates are discrete).** For a RAFF trained user.Including the search of Kleinfinger parameters and common mistakes.Without the time to draft the CAD files.
LiMn2O4 microspheres: Synthesis, characterization and use as a cathode in lithium ion batteries (2010)

Solid and hollow microspheres of LiMn2O4 have been synthesized by lithiating MnCO3 solid microspheres and MnO2 hollow microspheres, respectively. The LiMn2O4 solid microspheres and hollow microspheres had a similar size of about 1.5 ?m, and the shell thickness of the hollow microspheres was only 100 nm. When used as a cathode material in lithium ion batteries, the hollow microspheres exhibited better rate capability than the solid microspheres. However, the tap density of the LiMn2O4 solid microspheres (1.0 g/cm3) was about four times that of the hollow microspheres (0.27 g/cm3). The results show that controlling the particle size of LiMn2O4 is very important in terms of its practical application as a cathode material, and LiMn2O4 with moderate particle size may afford acceptable values of both rate capability and tap density.
Deadlock Free Routing inMesh Networks on Chip with Regions (2009)

There is a seemingly endless miniaturization of electronic components, which has enabled designers to build sophisticated computing structureson silicon chips. Consequently, electronic systems are ...
Investigation on the enantiomeric impurity of epinephrine hydrochloride injections (1989)

Epinephrine enantiomers were derived into diastereoisomers with the chiral reagent 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate. The resolution was carried out on a C18 column. The Rs between (-)-R- and (+)-S-isomers was 2.3. The retention time could be changed by adding a proper amount of acetoinitrile into the mobile phase. The results showed that (+)-S-isomer in the epinephrine hydrochloride injections increased during the period of storage.
Eigenvalue assignment of linear multivariable 2-dimensional systems (1979)

The paper describes a simple frequency-domain method for the eigenvalue assignment of linear time-invariant multivariable 2-dimensional systems by means of state and output feedback. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for single-input systems, whereas for the multi-input case, an equivalent single-input-system approach is employed to treat the problem.
Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations in athletes to strength training in two years (1988)

Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations to prolonged strength training were investigated in nine elite weight lifters. The average increases occurred over the 2-yr follow-up period in the maximal neural activation (integrated electromyogram, IEMG; 4.2%, P = NS), maximal isometric leg-extension force (4.9%, P = NS), averaged concentric power index (4.1%, P = NS), total weight-lifting result (2.8%, P less than 0.05), and total mean fiber area (5.9%, P = NS) of the vastus lateralis muscle, respectively. The training period resulted in increases in the concentrations of serum testosterone from 19.8 +/- 5.3 to 25.1 +/- 5.2 nmol/l (P less than 0.05), luteinizing hormone (LH) from 8.6 +/- 0.8 to 9.1 +/- 0.8 U/l (P less than 0.05), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from 4.2 +/- 2.0 to 5.3 +/- 2.3 U/l (P less than 0.01), and testosterone-to-serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ratio (P less than 0.05). The annual mean value of the second follow-up year for the serum testosterone-to-SHBG ratio correlated significantly (r = 0.84, P less than 0.01) with the individual changes during the 2nd yr in the averaged concentric power. The present results suggest that prolonged intensive strength training in elite athletes may influence the pituitary and possibly hypothalamic levels, leading to increased serum levels of testosterone. This may create more optimal conditions to utilize more intensive training leading to increased strength development.
Using Deep Belief Nets for Chinese Named Entity Categorization (2010)

Identifying named entities is essential in understanding plain texts. Moreover, the categories of the named entities are indicative of their roles in the texts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, Deep Belief Nets (DBN), for the Chinese entity mention categorization problem. DBN has very strong representation power and it is able to elaborately self-train for discovering complicated feature combinations. The experiments conducted on the Automatic Context Extraction (ACE) 2004 data set demonstrate the effectiveness of DBN. It outperforms the state-of-the-art learning models such as SVM or BP neural network. 1
Defending Windows servers (2008)

The Windows operating system has historically been attacked for being one of the most insecure and complicated systems to harden. Microsoft has invested a considerable amount of time and effort in improving this situation and has made measurable progress towards producing a secure ‘by default’ operating system. It has also gone a long way to helping system administrators build and deploy systems that are secure and resilient to attack. However the Windows operating system is still a very popular target for attack and the process of defending the operating system is still not a trivial one; hackers are always looking to find a way to defeat your defence mechanisms. Implementing all of the best practices to the letter can often lead to an unusable or difficult to manage system in many real world environments. Windows is the most widely deployed operating system for enterprise environments. Nearly all organisations deploy at least some Windows server and desktop operating systems within their IT environments. It is true that Linux, OSX and other Unix derivatives are making substantial headway into the server market place; but most of the world requires interoperability with the Microsoft platform. This article therefore focuses primarily on the Windows platform, although many of the principles discussed apply to other operating systems.
Positively and negatively charged liposomes as carriers for transdermal delivery of sumatriptan: in vitro characterization (2010)

Results obtained revealed that the presence of sumatriptan into the vesicles has a different behavior in negatively and positively charged liposomes.
Multi-objective scheme over multi-tree routing in multicast MPLS networks (2003)

This paper proposes a traffic engineering scheme using different distribution trees to several multicast flows. We formulate this problem as one with Non Linear programming with discontinuous derivatives (DNLP). The aim is to combine into a single aggregated metric the following weighting objectives: the maximum link utilization, the hop count, the total bandwidth consumption and the total end-to-end delay. Our proposal solves the traffic split ratio for multiple trees. The proposed approach is applied in MPLS networks by allowing the establishment of explicit routes in multicast events. Furthermore, the results obtained with GAMS tools show that several objectives are decreased; the maximum link utilization is minimized. The main contribution of this paper is the optimization model and the formulation of the multi-objective function.
Enzymatic Enhancement of Water Removal In the Dry Grind Corn to Ethanol Process (2009)

The removal of water from coproducts in the fuel ethanol process requires a significant energy input. The drying of the coproducts is responsible for as much as 32% of the total utilities cost of the process. In this study, improvements in the energy and water balances of the corn to ethanol process and a decrease in ethanol production costs were achieved. Significant reductions in water-binding capacity of whole stillage were found for two, commercially available, cell wall degrading enzymes, GC220 and MGC. The addition of a protease, GC106, during fermentation was found to significantly enhance ethanol production rates as well as reduce the water binding capacity of the mash. Improvements in fermentation rates were achieved by the addition of GC106 with either GC220 or MGC. To achieve both enhanced dewatering and increased fermentation rates, it was recommended that a plant dose their fermentors using either a MGC/GC106 volume combination of 0.02/0.02 mL or a GC220/GC106 combination of 0.015/0.01 mL. A plant trial was conducted to evaluate the scale-up of enhanced water removal from whole stillage by enzyme addition. Enzymes added during this trial proved to be effective, and an increase in the amount of water being removed during centrifugation was observed during the trial. The firing rate of the drier decreased significantly during enzyme addition, resulting in 12% less natural gas required to produce one gallon of ethanol. DDGS composition was not affected by the enzyme addition. Process simulation results from the enzymatic dewatering model showed a decrease in utility consumption compared to the conventional model. A sensitivity analysis showed a tradeoff between the enzyme cost and the drier's natural gas savings. Because of the non-linear nature of enzyme activity, as the amount of enzyme added was linearly decreased, its resulting effects on the process were non-linear. Even if maximum dewatering effects are not achieved, significant savings in natural gas cost could still be obtained.
Salt and acid studies on canine lingual epithelium (1985)

A section of dog tongue just anterior to the circumvallate papillae was placed in an Ussing chamber and characterized with respect to monovalent cation transport pathways, response to HCl, and the interaction between salt and acid for the purposes of determining whether ion transport through the tongue is related to the transduction process. The primary findings of this work follow. The stimulation of the short-circuit current (Isc) with decreasing pH on the dorsal surface results from a net Cl- efflux through an amiloride- and ouabain-insensitive pathway that changed its selectivity from cationic at neutral pH to anionic at lower pH values. The stimulation is abolished at isotonic NaCl concentrations. This behavior would not be predicted from the proton-binding model to a "sour receptor" as suggested by Beidler (Handbook of Sensory Physiology; Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971). In symmetrical solutions of Krebs-Henseleit buffer, Isc is inhibited 30% by 10(-4) M amiloride on the mucosal side and 100% by 10(-3) M ouabain on the serosal side. These results coupled with net Cl- and Na+ flux measurements show that Isc is due to a net Cl- efflux. With 1.0 M NaCl on the dorsal side, 10(-4) M amiloride inhibits Isc 84%. In contrast, when the mucosal surface is bathed in KCl (1.0 M), CsCl (1.0 M), or HCl (10(-3) M), Isc is insensitive to both 10(-4) M amiloride and/or 10(-3) M ouabain. These data suggest that K+, Cs+, and H+ traverse the tongue through different pathways from Na+ and are not energized by a Na+ gradient.
Fibrin Glue Improves the Therapeutic Effect of MSCs by Sustaining Survival and Paracrine Function (2013)

Fibrin glue has been widely investigated as a cell delivery vehicle for improving the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Implanted MSCs produce their therapeutic effects by secreting paracrine factors and by replacing damaged tissues after differentiation. While the influence of fibrin glue on the differentiation potential of MSCs has been well documented, its effect on paracrine function of MSCs is largely unknown. Herein we investigated the influence of fibrin glue on the paracrine effects of MSCs. MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue. The effects of fibrin glue on survival, migration, secretion of growth factors, and immune suppression of MSCs were investigated in vitro. MSCs in fibrin glue survived and secreted growth factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) over 14 days. VEGF and immune modulators, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and prostaglandin E2, secreted from MSCs in fibrin glue significantly increased under inflammatory conditions. Thus, MSCs in fibrin glue effectively suppressed immune reactions. In addition, fibrin glue protected the MSCs from oxidative stress and prevented human dermal fibroblast death induced by exposure to extreme stress. In contrast, MSCs within fibrin glue hardly migrated. These results suggest that fibrin glue may sustain survival of implanted MSCs and their paracrine function. Our results provide a mechanistic data to allow further development of MSCs with fibrin glue as a clinical treatment.
Generating and counting binary bent sequences (1990)

Two general classes of binary bent sequences, bent-based and linear-based, are introduced. Algorithms that allow easy generation of bent sequences from either class are given. Based on some simple computation and a computer search, the authors conjecture a lower bound on the total number of binary bent sequences of a given order. This lower bound is exact for bent sequences of order 16; a list is included from which all such sequences can be derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mn-stimulated adhesion and spreading of Ehrlich ascites cells are separate processes (1982)

Abstract Mn2+ is extremely effective in stimulating both the adhesion and spreading of Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells on plastic surfaces. Trifluoperazine (TFP), a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited Mn2+induced cell spreading but did not affect cell-substrate adhesion, indicating that Mn2+-stimulated adhesion of EAT cells was not dependent on the ability of the cation to promote cell spreading, but was due to a direct effect on the attachment process. Mn2+ was shown to be highly effective as a cofactor for fibronectin-mediated adhesion of EAT cells which may account for its ability to stimulate adhesion in the absence of cell spreading.