gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Capturing Interconnect Wire for 2% Module Power Gain (2009)

In order to interconnect industrial solar cells with a front grid pattern, flat solder-coated copper wires are usually soldered to 2 or 3 busbars on the front surface. In order to minimize the resistive power loss in the wires and minimize stress in the cells, these wires are thin and wide, and the shading of the cells by these wires represents a significant power loss in the encapsulated modules. In order to eliminate this power loss component, researchers are exploring more complicated and expensive cell designs whereby all contacts are either placed on or are led to the rear side of the cells. We have developed a much simpler and more cost effective solution whereby the effective shading of the wires is greatly reduced. This is accomplished by forming triangular grooves on the top surface of the wire and coating the surface with a reflective layer such as silver. The grooves are designed so that incident light is reflected up toward the glass coversheet of the module at an angle shallow enough that it undergoes total internal reflection at the glass-air interface and is reflected back down onto the solar cell. As much as 80% of the light hitting the busbars can potentially be recaptured. Experiments with industrial solar cells have shown a 2% relative gain in encapsulated cell current and power with use of this light-capturing interconnect wire as compared to the controls with standard wire. Further gains are expected with reoptimization of the wire width. Only minor modifications are needed to a tabber-stringer to enable the use of this wire. A method to manufacture and store the wire has been developed by Schlenk Metallfolien, and sampling has begun to interested module manufacturers. Module reliability tests are ongoing, but initial data on thermal cycling and damp heat testing shows no degradation in the short circuit current benefit vs. the controls. The concept applies to interconnection of discrete thin-film cells as well as to Si-wafer cells.
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The publication of a work by Rea and Levan (111:1575, 1975) in which they discuss the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum leprosum and make a broad bibliographical review in which we couldn't find any reference to findings similar to ours, moves us to send a preliminary communication on the results of the work that we are performing on this subject. Since it has been considered that the most probable cause of erythema nodosum leprosum is a type III immunological response (Arthus phenomenon), and IgG deposits in the walls of vessels have been described,<sup>1,2</sup>we wanted to know which of the four known IgG subclasses were responsible for the phenomenon. For this purpose, using direct inmunofluorescence, we made studies in 19 patients utilizing fluoresceinated antisera against IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgD, IgA, and C3. In 14 of the 19 patients we found C3 deposits in the walls
AUTOMATIC MONITORING OF VEHICLES AT ROAD JUNCTIONS (1987)

This paper shows how with suitable reduction of image data and appropriate feature extraction, it is possible to track several vehicles concurrently through a road network of almost arbitary complexity. The solution is believed to be cost-effective, using off-the-shelf technology and readily-available computing power. The processing falls into 2 parts: (1) feature highlighting and extraction, carried out by the RAPAC image processing system; and (2) vehicle tracking, carried out with a 5MHZ 8086-based microcomputer. The system promises a cost-effective solution to the automatic monitoring of turning movements by road traffic. With this system accuracies of 90 to 95 per cent have been achieved on simple networks such as T-junctions.
[Pharmacodynamic effects of the sustained-release tablet of isosorbide dinitrate and its bioavailability in conscious dogs (author's transl)]. (1980)

Oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 1 approximately 2 mg/kg, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the pulse pressure by reducing the systolic pressure and slightly elevating the diastolic pressure in conscious dogs. Therefore, this system was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the sustained-release ISDN tablet as compared with that of the standard tablet. Four standard tablets (20 mg of ISDN) given in a single dose significantly decreased the pulse pressure, which became lowest at 2 hr after administration and returned to the near original level at 6 hr. On the other hand, with four sustained-release tablets (80 mg of ISDN) 4 hr was required to produce a maximum decrease, and at 10 hr, the pulse pressure was still much lower than the original level. The plasma concentration of ISDN was measured by a gas chromatographic method. The time course of the plasma concentration of ISDN after administration of each preparation was correlated with that of the decrease in the pulse pressure. This suggests that the system employed is useful in evaluating the bioavailability of various preparations of organic nitrates (ISDN). In addition, these data demonstrate that the sustained-release formulation of ISDN possesses a prolonged pharmacological effect.
Photochemische Umwandlungen, 45. Mitteilung [1] die 3σ → 3π‐route zu oxepin‐derivaten (1971)

Abstract Exemplifying with the 4.5‐dicarbomethoxy oxepin 6a the authors describe an oxepin synthesis from furanes and acetylenic dienophiles via Diels‐Alder reaction ( 4a ), photochemical oxanorbornadiene‐oxaquadricyclane transformation ( 4a → 5a ), and thermal 3σ → 3π opening of the highly strained oxaquadricyclane 5a . With dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate, methylpropiolate, maleic anhydride, and di‐methoxycarbonyl‐oxanorbornadiene ( 4a ) 5a yields the 1:1 adducts 19a, 19b, 22, 23 and 26 (unstable) by strictly stereospecific addition to the α‐positions of the oxygen bridge. With the same dienophiles the oxepin 6a reacts only through its valence‐tautomeric benzene‐oxide form 7a giving stereospecifically 27, 29, 30 and 31 . No definite conclusions are drawn with regard to the mechanistic implications of the photostep 4a → 5a , the thermal 3σ → 3π‐transformation 5a → 6a/7a , and the bishomofurane cycloaddition reactions. Scope and limitations of this oxepin synthesis are briefly discussed.
Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma (1977)

In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a similar disruption in actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts (passage 6-10) obtained by biopsy from patients with the inherited colonic cancer, adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). Because ACR is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, about half the children of ACR patients will develop colon cancer, but they typically remain asymptomatic until at least the second decade of life. Actin distribution within cultured cells from children of ACR patients was identical either to that seen in cultured cells from normal persons or to that seen in cultured cells from ACR patients. The two different patterns were independent of age, sex, drug treatment, or infections of the donors. Apparently, this class of colonic carcinoma is accompanied by a systemic aberration in the organization of fibroblast cytoplasm, and this aberration can be detected by immunofluorescent localization of actin within cultured skin fibroblasts, prior to manifestation of any colonic symptoms.
p53 action in apoptosis and senescence (2000)

While advances in science and technology have increased options for treating breast cancer, current social trends have changed the way people deal with this disease. Women in the United States are no longer simply passive patients, but rather they are survivors, advocates and activists who are speaking up for themselves and speaking out for issues relevant to the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
Optimization of pipeline energy consumption (2012)

Today's pipeline operators are required to balance operational efficiency, financial performance and long term sustainability. Transporting hydrocarbons efficiently and safely is a demanding task and energy consumption is one of the major operating costs and also source of emissions. The paper describes how new applications based on pipeline simulation can contribute to lowering energy costs and optimizing operations while continuing to achieve the required delivery schedules within safety and operating margins. This simulation-based approach considers different energy costs across the pipeline pump/compressor stations, utility contracts, pump/compressor efficiency and the cost-benefit of using drag-reducing agents. It is a valuable tool for energy managers and pipeline operators to optimize energy costs. It can be seamlessly integrated into the SCADA infrastructure which provides the real-time views and reporting of all energy and process variables, including the cost savings achieved.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Patient with Hemophilia (1983)

A patient with hemophilia A developed T-cell deficiency characterized by infection with several opportunistic pathogens. Immunologic investigation showed cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte unresponsiveness to mitogens and antigens, an abnormal ratio of T-helper and T-suppressor cells with absolute lymphopenia and elevated IgA. The clinical and immunologic characteristics of this patient fit the recently described syndrome of opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired T-cell deficiency; however, this patient does not have any of the associated underlying risk factors such as homosexuality, intravenous drug or amyl nitrite use, or positive serologic tests for syphilis. We conclude that the patient's acquired T-cell deficiency can be explained by exposure to a virus or other transmissible agent during factor VIII transfusions.
Modified Weaver-Dunn Procedure for Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations (2004)

The majority of acromioclavicular ioint injuries resuit from direct trauma to the shoulder. The magnitude of applied force determines the degree of injury. This article presents a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure consisting of lateral clavicle resection and reduction, coracoclavicular fixation with suture or surgical tape, and coracoacromial ligament transfer for the treatment of these injuries.
<i>Bacillus cereus</i> food intoxication and toxicoinfection (2021)

Bacillus cereus is one of the leading etiological agents of toxin-induced foodborne diseases. Its omnipresence in different environments, spore formation, and its ability to adapt to varying conditions and produce harmful toxins make this pathogen a health hazard that should not be underestimated. Food poisoning by B. cereus can manifest itself as an emetic or diarrheal syndrome. The former is caused by the release of the potent peptide toxin cereulide, whereas the latter is the result of proteinaceous enterotoxins (e.g., hemolysin BL, nonhemolytic enterotoxin, and cytotoxin K). The final harmful effect is not only toxin and strain dependent, but is also affected by the stress responses, accessory virulence factors, and phenotypic properties under extrinsic, intrinsic, and explicit food conditions and host-related environment. Infamous portrait of B. cereus as a foodborne pathogen, as well as a causative agent of nongastrointestinal infections and even nosocomial complications, has inspired vast volumes of multidisciplinary research in food and clinical domains. As a result, extensive original data became available asking for a new, both broad and deep, multifaceted look into the current state-of-the art regarding the role of B. cereus in food safety. In this review, we first provide an overview of the latest knowledge on B. cereus toxins and accessory virulence factors. Second, we describe the novel taxonomy and some of the most pertinent phenotypic characteristics of B. cereus related to food safety. We link these aspects to toxin production, overall pathogenesis, and interactions with its human host. Then we reflect on the prevalence of different toxinotypes in foods opening the scene for epidemiological aspects of B. cereus foodborne diseases and methods available to prevent food poisoning including overview of the different available methods to detect B. cereus and its toxins.
Disruption and therapeutic rescue of a human pluripotent stem cell derived model of Niemann Pick type C1 (2013)

Successful development of effective therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases will require a deeper understanding of mechanisms of disease initiation and progression. In this respect, an unresolved issue about many neurodegenerative diseases is why neurons are particularly sensitive to defects in ubiquitous cellular processes. One example is Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1), caused by defects in cholesterol trafficking in all cells, but where neurons are preferentially damaged. Understanding this selective failure is limited by the difficulty of obtaining live human neurons from affected patients. To solve this problem we generated neurons with decreased function of NPC1 from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and from NPC1 patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC), and used them to test the hypothesis that defective cholesterol handling leads to enhanced pathological phenotypes in neurons. We found that human NPC1 neurons have strong spontaneous activation of autophagy, but downstream processing of autophagic intermediates is impaired, which induces accumulation of mitochondrial fragments. We were able to rescue these abnormal phenotypes in NPC1 neurons by inhibiting autophagy, and by mobilization of cholesterol from the lysosomal compartment. Our data highlight the central role that autophagy failure plays in the selective neuronal failure observed in NPC1, and provides the first example of a process that causes preferential neuronal defects in this devastating childhood neurodegenerative disease.
MRI evaluation of RF ablation scarring for atrial fibrillation treatment (2007)

This study presents a multi-modality image registration method that evaluates left atrial scarring after radiofrequency (RF) ablation for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Our group has recently developed a delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) method with the potential to visualize and monitor non-invasively post-ablation scarring in the left atrium and the PV ostia. We wished to compare the 3D configuration of scarring in the DE-MRI image and the ablation points recorded by electroanatomical mapping (EAM) system, hypothesizing that scarring detected by DE-MRI overlaps with ablation points recorded by the EAM system used in the procedure. <b>Methods and Results:</b> Three data sets, DE-MRI images and pulmonary vein MR angiography (PV-MRA) images, and EAM data (CARTO-XP, Biosense-Webster, Inc., Diamond Bar, CA) from a patient who underwent PV ablation, were used for the multi-modal image registration. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging was performed 38 days after the ablation procedure. PV-MRA and DE-MRI were fused by intensity-based rigid registration. Scar tissue was extracted from the DE-MRI images using multiple threshold values. EAM data was further fused with segmented PV-MRA by the iterative closest point algorithm (ICP). After registration, the distance from PV-MRA to the scar was 2.6 ± 2.1 mm, and from ablation points to the surface of the scar was 2.5 ± 2.3 mm. The fused image demonstrates the 3D relationship between the PV ostia, the scar and the EAM recording of ablation points. <b>Conclusion:</b> Multimodal data fusion indicated that the scar tissue lesion after PV isolation showed good overlap with the ablation points.
Competitive equilibrium pricing and cooperation in smart grids with energy storage (2013)

In this paper, we propose to model smart grid households equipped with energy storage systems in a local neighbourhood as a divisible two-good exchange economy market. Households or users cooperate to trade these goods, in this case, their real-time energy supplied by utility company and their stored energy in order to minimize consumption cost. Difference in pricing mechanisms adopted by utility companies that serve the locality gives incentive for users to trade real-time energy. Households schedule their storage devices to be charged during low-price off-peak hours and sell the surplus stored energy to neighbours during peak hours to generate additional income. This creates a trading environment or a market where users exchange real-time energy and stored energy at certain prices. Preference relations of users capture how energy is valued in an economy by each user. We model these preferences as a utility that is a continuous, monotonic, quasi-convex function of energy. Given a set of endowments, consumption profiles and energy prices in the market for each user, we show that a market is created where real-time energy and stored energy are exchanged between users and such an exchange takes place at the competitive equilibrium. We analyze a simple two-user two-good exchange economy market to illustrate the concepts discussed above and prove that the trading prices of the goods in the market regulate themselves in such a way that trading results in reduced costs for both users.
Experimental Base Pressure Histories with Nonsteady Discrete Bleed Rates (1990)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Ablation of 4E-BP1/2 Prevents Hyperglycemia-Mediated Induction of VEGF Expression in the Rodent Retina and in Müller Cells in Culture (2010)

Hyperglycemia induces VEGF expression through cap-independent mRNA translation mediated by increased expression of 4E-BP1. Because the VEGF mRNA contains two internal ribosome entry sites, the increased expression is likely a consequence of ribosome loading at these sites. These findings provide new insights into potential targets for treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
.pi.-Cation radicals of copper(II) derivatives of short chain basket handle porphyrins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.pi.-Cation radicals of copper(II) derivatives of short chain basket handle porphyrinsM. Ravikanth, A. Misra, T. K. Chandrashekar, S. Sathaiah, and H. D. BistCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 2, 392–394Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00080a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00080a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Involvement of the IL-2 receptor gamma-chain (gammac) in the control by IL-4 of human monocyte and macrophage proinflammatory mediator production. (1998)

IL-4 has potent anti-inflammatory properties on monocytes and suppresses both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production. Well-characterized components of the IL-4 receptor on monocytes include the 140-kDa alpha-chain and the IL-2R gamma-chain, gammac, which normally dimerize 1:1 for signaling from the receptor. However, mRNA levels for gammac were very low in 7-day-cultured monocytes. As mRNA levels for gammac declined with culture, so too did the ability of IL-4 to down-regulate LPS-induced TNF-alpha production. In contrast, IL-4 consistently down-regulated IL-1beta production by cultured monocytes. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses demonstrated that 7-day-cultured monocytes do not express the functionally active 64-kDa gammac protein. This was associated with decreased STAT6 activation by IL-4. Studies with Abs to gammac and an IL-4 mutant that is unable to bind to gammac showed that IL-4 can suppress IL-1beta but not TNF-alpha production by LPS-stimulated monocytes in the presence of little or no functioning gammac. IL-4 also suppressed IL-1beta but not TNF-alpha production by Mono Mac 6 cells, which express minimal levels of gammac. For gammac-expressing LPS/PMA-activated U937 cells, IL-4 decreased both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production. These results suggest that functional gammac is not present on in vitro-derived macrophages, and that while some anti-inflammatory responses to IL-4 are lost with this down-regulation of functional gammac, others are retained. We conclude that different functional responses to IL-4 by human monocytes and macrophages are regulated by different IL-4 receptor configurations.
Kinetics of the Alcoholysis of o- and p-Nitroacetanilides<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the Alcoholysis of o- and p-Nitroacetanilides1Elliot Marvell, Harry Nelson, Michael Joncich, Adolph Geiszler, and Max WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 5, 1076–1078Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01562a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01562a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The automated function prediction SIG looks back at 2013 and prepares for 2014 (2014)

Abstract Contact: m.n.wass@kent.ac.uk or mark@wass.com