gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Unactivated Alkenes through Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds. Mechanism and Synthetic Applications (2009)

This paper describes an efficient carbon-carbon bond formation reaction, which is based on carbon-hydrogen bond functionalization of unactivated alkenes. This process is based on in situ generation of allylic and vinylic boronates by iridium-catalyzed borylation of alkenes followed by carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. The selectivity of the carbon-hydrogen bond functionalization can be efficiently controlled for cyclic alkenes. By using additives, such as methylimidazole and DBU, the iridium-catalyzed borylation led to formation of allyl boronates, which reacted with aldehydes in a one-pot sequence affording stereodefined homoallylic alcohols. Cycloalkenes without additives as well as acyclic substrates gave vinylic boronates, which were coupled with organohalides in a Suzuki-Miyaura sequence. By this process allylic and vinylic silabutadiene derivatives can be prepared from allylsilanes with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. The mechanism of the carbon-hydrogen bond functionalization based on the borylation reaction was explored by isotope labeling experiments, measuring the kinetic isotope effect and study of the effects of the additives on the selectivity of the process. It was concluded that the reactions proceed via a dehydrogenative borylation mechanism, which shows analogous features with the palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling reaction.
Quantitative contrast-enhanced mammography for contrast medium kinetics studies (2009)

Quantitative contrast-enhanced mammography, based on a dual-energy approach, aims to extract quantitative and temporal information of the tumour enhancement after administration of iodinated vascular contrast media. Simulations using analytical expressions and optimization of critical parameters essential for the development of quantitative contrast-enhanced mammography are presented. The procedure has been experimentally evaluated using a tissue-equivalent phantom and an amorphous silicon active matrix flat panel imager. The x-ray beams were produced by a tungsten target tube and spectrally shaped using readily available materials. Measurement of iodine projected thickness in mg cm(-2) has been performed. The effect of beam hardening does not introduce nonlinearities in the measurement of iodine projected thickness for values of thicknesses found in clinical investigations. However, scattered radiation introduces significant deviations from slope equal to unity when compared with the actual iodine projected thickness. Scatter correction before the analysis of the dual-energy images provides accurate iodine projected thickness measurements. At 10% of the exposure used in clinical mammography, signal-to-noise ratios in excess of 5 were achieved for iodine projected thicknesses less than 3 mg cm(-2) within a 4 cm thick phantom. For the extraction of temporal information, a limited number of low-dose images were used with the phantom incorporating a flow of iodinated contrast medium. The results suggest that spatial and temporal information of iodinated contrast media can be used to indirectly measure the tumour microvessel density and determine its uptake and washout from breast tumours. The proposed method can significantly improve tumour detection in dense breasts. Its application to perform in situ x-ray biopsy and assessment of the oncolytic effect of anticancer agents is foreseeable.
Types of injuries by selected characteristics. (1990)

Estimates of the number of injuries, by type of injury, are presented by age, sex, race, geographic region, place of residence, class of accident, place of accident, and other socioeconomic and health variables. The numbers of days of restricted activity and bed disability due to injuries, by sex and type of injury, are also included.
Laboratory and field evaluation of Precise Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR+95 and PLGR+96) accuracy (2002)

The Geospatial Information Division (GID) within the U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) has used Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment to support Army studies since 1988. The Precise Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR) in the real-time absolute mode has been a critical component in successfully completing many of these evaluations, especially those requiring the collection of ground truth data. Typical Precise Positioning Service (PPS) PLGR accuracies of 10 to 15 meters (horizontal) had been more than adequate to meet earlier study requirements. However, other projects using high-resolution (<5 meters) data sources have focused more attention on PLGR accuracy and the need to better understand potential PLGR capabilities in the field. This paper describes testing and evaluation of PLGR+95 and PLGR+96 equipment. The PLGR+95 was used during three field projects that took place between June 1995 and July 1996. In each case, TEC scientists collected coincident positions from both PLGR and a higher accuracy control mechanism such as differential GPS or a total station tied to first-order survey control points. Over 1000 positions were included in the subsequent statistical analysis which determined the average "accuracy" of the PLGR versus control under actual field conditions. The later generation (PLGR+96) equipment was tested in-house (at the U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center) and in the field (at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia) during July 1997 and July 1999 respectively. The in-house testing was performed in open sky conditions while the field evaluation was conducted in a forested environment. Performance of the PLGR+96 Wide Area GPS Enhancement (WAGE) capability, "position averaging", and signal acquisition and accuracy under a vegetative canopy are discussed.
Chemical Additive Effects on the Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki Against Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1995)

Reduced lethal concentrations (that is, increased toxicity at LC50 and LC95) of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki (Dipel) were observed when fourth-instar bertha army worm, Mamestra configurata Walker, were fed on artificial diet treated with the bacteria supplemented with various compounds. In 11 groups of compounds, 12 inorganic salts, 1 tannin, 2 detergents, 3 amino acids, 3 organic acids, 2 oxidized carbohydrates, 1 aromatic compounds, 0 inorganic sulphides, 0 aliphatic amines, 1 amide, and 1 serine protease inhibitor, at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1%, reduced the LC50 of Dipel when combined in artificial diet. However, when a 2-fold or higher increase in toxicity at both LC50 and LC95 was used as the acceptable criterion of effective enhancement, only boric acid, magnesium sulphate, magnesium chloride, and acetamide were effective. In diet, boric acid reduced LC50 and LC95 of B. tlmringiensis subsp. kurstaki 3.5- and 2.3-fold; magnesium chloride, 2.1- and 2.1-fold; magnesium sulphate, 3.5- and 3.9-fold; and acetamide, 3.3- and 4.5-fold, respectively. These compounds also reduced weight gain in surviving larvae fed Dipel compared with larvae fed Dipel alone or untreated controls. In greenhouse trials on canola, Brassicll napus L., sodium and calcium carbonates at 0.05% (which in diet enhanced Dipel toxicity 1.1- to 1.8- fold and reduced larval weight) enhanced the toxicity of Dipel 7.6- to 10.I-fold to third-instars but did not reduce larval weight compared with Dipel alone. Further laboratory and field trials of B. tlmringiensis subsp. kurstaki supplemented with boric acid, magnesium sulphate, acetamide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or potassium carbonate against bertha army worm on canola are warranted.
Structure and mechanism in the photo-retro-aldol type reactions of nitrobenzyl derivatives. Photochemical heterolytic cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and mechanism in the photo-retro-aldol type reactions of nitrobenzyl derivatives. Photochemical heterolytic cleavage of carbon-carbon bondsPeter. Wan and S. MuralidharanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 13, 4336–4345Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00221a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00221a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views881Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Arts of Living / Epicurean Rain (2014)

This short essay, co-authored with L.O. Aranye Fradenburg, in the edited 2-volume collection BURN AFTER READING, eds. Eileen A. Joy, Myra Seaman, and Jeffrey Jerome Cohen (Oliphaunt Books, 2014), ruminates the importance of the humanities as an important space for the artfulness of living, for enriched environments, and real-time experimental ecologies that donate valuable resources, not just for surviving, but thriving. The essay also urges a move, for the university, to the para-academic Outside, where it might help spawn a vibrant network of Outstitutions and a materialist Epicureanism for new and sustaining historical trajectories.
Cisco flow logs and intrusion detection at the Ohio State University (1999)

Many Cisco router support NetFlow accounting, which provides fast accesss-control list proccessing, accounting and switching/routing with minimal impact on performance. One of the side benefits of enabling routing is that you can then capture a record on the flows as they are removed from the cache, creating we call a flow log. Among other things, the logs contain the source and destination IP addresses for all IP packets, source and destination port numbers for UDP and TCP traffic, and packet and octet counts.
The Mars Pathfinder Atmospheric Structure Investigation/Meteorology (ASI/MET) Experiment (1997)

The Mars Pathfinder atmospheric structure investigation/meteorology (ASI/MET) experiment measured the vertical density, pressure, and temperature structure of the martian atmosphere from the surface to 160 km, and monitored surface meteorology and climate for 83 sols (1 sol = 1 martian day = 24.7 hours). The atmospheric structure and the weather record are similar to those observed by the Viking 1 lander (VL-1) at the same latitude, altitude, and season 21 years ago, but there are differences related to diurnal effects and the surface properties of the landing site. These include a cold nighttime upper atmosphere; atmospheric temperatures that are 10 to 12 degrees kelvin warmer near the surface; light slope-controlled winds; and dust devils, identified by their pressure, wind, and temperature signatures. The results are consistent with the warm, moderately dusty atmosphere seen by VL-1.
混沌和有序——生命的复杂结构 摘要:两段对话 (1992)

最近,作者以上述题目出版一本书〔《混沌和有序——生命的复杂结构》(德语)〕,用9章论述了生物的结构及其进化和瞬变性等问题。这是用简单易懂的方式处理难题的一本难得的书。在这本书中,作者为了向读者介绍这个主题,采用一种不寻常的手法:9章中每一章均以一段虚构对话开始,大多数情况下,对话的一方是18世纪格丁根著名物理学家和哲学家G.C.利希滕贝格(Lichtenberg)。这些对话是由他及特定的合作者的原话构成的。下面是作者译成英文的两段对话。
The Atriocaval Shunt Facts and Fiction (1988)

During the past 11 years, 31 patients with major juxtahepatic venous injuries were treated with the atriocaval shunt. Penetrating injuries occurred in 27 patients (87%), and injuries from blunt trauma occurred in four patients. Shock was present on admission in 28 patients (90%). Resuscitative thoracotomy for cardiovascular collapse was required in 13 patients (42%). Juxtahepatic venous injuries included the vena cava in 23 patients (74%) and the hepatic veins alone in five patients (16%). One patient had an isolated portal venous injury, and two patients died before their vascular injuries could be delineated. Technical problems related to the shunt occurred in seven patients. Most were related to delays in placement or problems encountered in obtaining vascular control of the suprarenal vena cava. Major hepatic resection was performed in 11 patients (35%). Twenty-five patients died of their injuries. No patient survived who required resuscitative thoracotomy, hepatic resection, or when technical problems with the shunt occurred. Six patients (19%) survived and were discharged from the hospital. All sustained gunshot wounds to the retro-hepatic vena cava. Four of the six survivors had serious postoperative complications, but none were related to the shunt. Major juxtahepatic venous injuries are highly lethal. The atriocaval shunt will permit the salvage of some patients where other methods are not possible. Avoidance of delay and alternative shunting techniques that eliminate difficult maneuvers may improve survival in the future.
The Reaction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Polynuclear Hydrocarbons at Elevated Temperatures (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Polynuclear Hydrocarbons at Elevated TemperaturesCharles D. Hurd and Leslie H. JuelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3, 601–606Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01608a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01608a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutagenicity of Teflon-coated glass fiber filters: a potential problem and solutions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMutagenicity of Teflon-coated glass fiber filters: a potential problem and solutionsVirginia S. Houk, Roy B. Zweidinger, and Larry D. ClaxtonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 9, 917–920Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00163a011https://doi.org/10.1021/es00163a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plant Regeneration of Major Cultivars of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in Korea via Somatic Embryogenesis (2002)

4종류 고구마 품종을 대상으로 정단분열조직 배양에 의한 배발생 캘러스 유도, 이들로부터 고빈도의 체세포배발생과 식물체 재분화 체계를 확립하였다. 자미. 율미, 신황미, 및 화이트 스타의 생장점을 LS 기본배지에 1 mg/L auxin (2,4-D, picloram, dicamba)가 첨가된 배지에서 배양하였다. 그 결과 2,4-D 첨가 배지에서 가장 높은 빈도로 배발생 캘러스가 유도되었으며, 배양 4주째에 유도된 배발생 캘러스의 빈도는 신황미, 자미, 율미. 및 화이트 스타에서 86%, 78%, 76%, 및 80%를 각각 나타내었다. 2,4-D 첨가 배지에서 얻어진 배발생 캘러스를 2.4-D를 제거한 배지로 옮겨 주어 체세포배를 유도하였으며, 이 체세포배의 90% 이상이 완전한 식물체로 발달하였다. 이러한 결과는 정단분열조직 배양으로부터의 체세포배 발생 방법이 광범위한 고구마 품종에 적용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 분자육종을 통한 신기능성 고구마 품종개발에 효율적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. An efficient plant regeneration system of major cultivars of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) in Korea via somatic embryogenesis was established. Embryogenic calli were formed from shoot apical meristems of sweetpotato cultivars when cultured on LS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L auxin (2,4-D, picloram, dicamba). Among three kinds of auxin, 1 mg/L 2,4-D showed the highest embryogenic calli induction rate. After 4 weeks of cultures on LS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, embryogenic calli induction rates of Sinhwangmi, Zami, Yulmi, and White Star were 86%, 78%, 76%, and 80%, respectively. Upon transfer onto LS basal medium, most of somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Regenerated plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to mature plants in a greenhouse.
Metabolic traits of cancer stem cells (2018)

Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cells within a tumour believed to confer resistance to standard cancer therapies. Although many studies have addressed the specific mechanisms of tumour recurrence driven by cancer stem cells, cellular metabolism is an often-neglected attribute. The metabolic features of cancer stem cells are still poorly understood, and they thus constitute a promising field in cancer research. The findings published so far point to a distinct metabolic phenotype in cancer stem cells, which might depend on the cancer type, the model system used or even the experimental design, and several controversies still need to be tackled. This Review describes the metabolic phenotype of cancer stem cells by addressing the main metabolic traits in different tumours, including glycolysis and oxidative, glutamine, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. In the context of these pathways, we also mention the specific alterations in metabolic enzymes and metabolite levels that have a role in the regulation of cancer stemness. Determining the role of metabolism in supporting resistance to therapy driven by cancer stem cells can raise the opportunity for novel therapeutic targets, which might not only eliminate this resistant population, but, more importantly, eradicate the whole tumour in a relapse-free scenario.
A fuzzy adaptive control design for compliant motion of a manipulator (2002)

A fuzzy adaptive force controller is designed and integrated with the existing motion control system of a manipulator. This controller works in parallel with the robot controller by calculating the position corrections which allow contact force to be controlled in the desired manner. Fuzzy PI control scheme is used in the force controller design. This intelligent control system features an adaptive feedforward compensation to cope with the variations in the contact environment. Practical implementation has been carried out by integrating a 6D force/torque sensor to an ABB IRB2000 industrial robot. The force controller itself is realized in an PC-AT/486 which has signal interfaces to the robot as well as the force/torque sensor. Some simulation as well as experimental results are presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Making sense of carbonate pore systems (2006)

The most widely used pore-type classification systems for carbonate reservoirs are limited by the fact that the relation between porosity and permeability is poorly defined. Existing classification schemes for porosity-permeability data do not, in many cases, optimally integrate sedimentology, diagenesis, and flow-related properties. In many carbonate reservoirs, it is therefore difficult to generate predictive models for reservoir-quality distribution, resulting in significant uncertainty in hydrocarbon reserve calculations.Based on empirical data, mostly from Europe and the Middle East, a new pore-type classification system has been developed. The new system not only uses elements from existing pore-type classification systems, but also introduces many new elements. The new pore-type system includes 20 pore-type classes that show a predictable relation between porosity and permeability. It combines sedimentologic and diagenetic features with flow-related properties, and reservoir-critical parameters can thus be predicted using sedimentologic and diagenetic models.A practical example based on data from a Devonian hydrocarbon field shows that pore-type variations may account for several-hundred-percent differences in calculated hydrocarbon reserves.
SELECTING INDIVIDUALS IN TEAM SETTINGS: THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL SKILLS, PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS, AND TEAMWORK KNOWLEDGE (2005)

Although work is commonly organized around teams, there is relatively little empirical research on how to select individuals in team‐based settings. The goal of this investigation was to examine whether 3 of the most commonly used selection techniques for hiring into traditional settings (a structured interview, a personality test, and a situational judgment test) would be effective for hiring into team settings. In a manufacturing organization with highly interdependent teams, we examined the relationships between social skills, several personality characteristics (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability), teamwork knowledge, and contextual performance. Results indicate that each of these constructs is bivariately related to contextual performance in a team setting, with social skills, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and teamwork knowledge incrementally predicting contextual performance (with a multiple correlation of .48). Implications of these results for selection in team and traditional settings are discussed.
Facile Fabrication of Hollow Silica and Titania Microspheres Using Plasma-Treated Polystyrene Spheres as Sacrificial Templates (2008)

By means of a plasma technique, the surfaces of monodisperse polystyrene (PS) colloids have been modified with hydroxyl groups. Using these surface-modified PS colloids as sacrificial templates, we have fabricated silica-coated PS colloids (PS@silica) and titania-coated PS colloids (PS@titania) composite microspheres as well as hollow and mesoporous silica and titania microspheres. This process not only demonstrated a facile, low-cost, environmentally benign way to fabricate hollow oxides structures but also offered a feasible alternative to the preparation of polymer/inorganic oxide composites by templating against the polymer substrate with hydrophobic surfaces.