gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Fibrinolytic Potential in Mice with Combined Homozygous Deficiency of α2-antiplasmin and PAI-1 (2001)

Alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are the main physiological inhibitors of the plasminogen/plasmin system in mammalian plasma. In the present study, the relative importance of both inhibitors was evaluated with the use of mice with single or combined deficiency of alpha2-AP and PAI-1 in the same genetic background. Mice with combined deficiency (alpha2-AP-/-:PAI-1-/-) are viable, develop normally and are fertile. After amputation of the tail, bleeding times are prolonged (>15 min) in alpha2-AP-/-: PAI-1-/- mice, as compared to double wild-type or single deficient mice (4.6 to 10 min). Spontaneous lysis after 4 h of intravenously injected 125I-fibrin labeled plasma clots is significantly higher in mice with alpha2-AP deficiency both in the PAI-1+/+ background (89+/-2% versus 42+/-3%; p = 0.002) and in the PAI-1-/- background (83+/-4% versus 53+/-5%; p = 0.002). PAI-1 deletion in the alpha2-AP+/+ or alpha2-AP-/- background, however, has no significant effect (p = 0.13 or 0.18, respectively). Four hours after endotoxin injection, fibrin deposition in the kidneys is not significantly affected by PAI-1 deletion in mice with alpha2-AP+/+ or alpha2-AP-/- background (p = 0.07 and 0.19, respectively). In contrast, alpha2-AP deletion causes significantly reduced fibrin deposition in the PAI-1+/+ background (p = 0.01). Endotoxin injection causes a dramatic increase in PAI-1 antigen levels in kidney extracts of PAI-1+/+ animals, without effect on alpha2-AP levels. Taken together, these data indicate that the higher endogenous fibrinolytic capacity observed in mice with combined deficiency is mainly due to the lack of alpha2-AP and suggest a less important role for PAI-1.
Sol-gel transition in agar-gelatin mixtures studied with transient elastography (2006)

Using the shear wave propagation in solids, the transient elastography technique has been developed to assess the elastic properties of soft tissues. Here, a new approach of transient elastography allows assessing the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. In this paper, the method is used to follow-up the sol-gel transition of an agar-gelatin mixture noninvasively. The shear wave velocity and shear wave attenuation through the mixture were continuously monitored in the audible range of frequencies (from 50 Hz to 200 Hz). The observed changes in velocities and attenuations as a function of frequency confirmed the validity of the Voigt's model to describe the gel at its stable mechanical state. By a simple inverse problem approach, based on the one-dimensional (1-D) Helmholtz equation, the elasticity and the viscosity of such a mixture were recovered as a function of time. The results obtained are in good agreement with the literature and theoretical predictions. Overall, they demonstrate the high sensitivity of the transient elastography measurements to the rheological parameter changes in agar-gelatin mixtures during gelation.
Nonlinear Analysis and Experimental Behavior of a Curved Unitized Stitched Panel (2014)

The pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept, developed by The Boeing Company, has been extensively studied as part of NASA’s environmentally responsible aviation project. The pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept provides a lightweight alternative to aluminum or traditional composite design concepts and is applicable to traditional-shaped fuselage barrels and wings, as well as advanced configurations such as a hybrid wing–body or truss-braced wings. Therefore, NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and The Boeing Company partnered in an effort to assess the performance and damage arrestments capabilities of the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept by testing a full-scale curved panel in the Federal Aviation Administration full-scale aircraft structural test evaluation and research facility. Testing was conducted in this facility by subjecting the panel to axial tension loads applied to the ends of the panel, internal pressure, and combined axial tension and internal pressure loadings. Additionally, reactive hoop loads were applied to the skin and frames of the panel along its edges. The panel successfully supported the required design loads in the pristine condition and with a severed stiffener. The panel also demonstrated that the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept could arrest the progression of damage, including crack arrestment and crack turning. This paper presents the nonlinear posttest analysis and correlation with test results for the curved pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure panel. It is shown that nonlinear analysis can accurately calculate the behavior of this panel under tension, pressure, and combined loading conditions.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Partially Ameliorates Motor Symptoms without Slowing Neurodegeneration in Mice with Respiratory Chain-Deficient Dopamine Neurons (2012)

Degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons causes the striatal dopamine deficiency responsible for the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Intraparenchymal delivery of neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), is a possible future therapeutic approach. In animal PD models, GDNF can both ameliorate neurodegeneration and promote recovery of the dopamine system following a toxic insult. However, clinical studies have generated mixed results, and GDNF has not been efficacious in genetic animal models based on α-synuclein overexpression. We have tested the response to GDNF in a genetic mouse PD model with progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons caused by mitochondrial impairment. We find that GDNF, delivered to the striatum by either an adeno-associated virus or via miniosmotic pumps, partially alleviates the progressive motor symptoms without modifying the rate of neurodegeneration. These behavioral changes are accompanied by increased levels of dopamine in the midbrain, but not in striatum. At high levels, GDNF may instead reduce striatal dopamine levels. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of GDNF in a progressively impaired dopamine system.
Risk factors for surgical site infections and assessment of vancomycin powder as a preventive measure in patients undergoing first-time cranioplasty (2017)

OBJECTIVE Craniectomy is often performed to decrease intracranial pressure following trauma and vascular injuries. The subsequent cranioplasty procedures may be complicated by surgical site infections (SSIs) due to prior trauma, foreign implants, and multiple surgeries through a common incision. Several studies have found that intrawound vancomycin powder (VP) is associated with decreased risk of SSIs after spine operations. However, no previously published study has evaluated the effectiveness of VP in cranioplasty procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrawound VP is associated with decreased risk of SSIs, to evaluate VP's safety, and to identify risk factors for SSIs after cranioplasty among patients undergoing first-time cranioplasty. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing first-time cranioplasty for indications other than infections from January 1, 2008, to July 31, 2014, at an academic health center. Data on demographics, possible risk factors for SSIs, and treatment with VP were collected from the patients' electronic health records. RESULTS During the study period, 258 patients underwent first-time cranioplasties, and 15 (5.8%) of these patients acquired SSIs. Ninety-two patients (35.7%) received intrawound VP (VP group) and 166 (64.3%) did not (no-VP group). Patients in the VP group and the no-VP group were similar with respect to age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, and SSI rates (VP group 6.5%, no-VP group 5.4%, p = 0.72). Patients in the VP group were less likely than those in the no-VP group to have undergone craniectomy for tumors and were more likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score > 2. Intrawound VP was not associated with other postoperative complications. Risk factors for SSI from the bivariable analyses were diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.65, 95% CI 1.07-12.44), multiple craniotomy procedures before the cranioplasty (OR 4.39, 95% CI 1.47-13.18), prior same-side craniotomy (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.57-14.24), and prosthetic implants (OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.40-14.59). The multivariable analysis identified prior same-side craniotomy (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.06-10.79) and prosthetic implants (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.15-13.40) as significant risk factors for SSIs. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with SSIs were more likely than those without SSIs to be readmitted (OR 7.28, 95% CI 2.07-25.60). CONCLUSIONS In this study, intrawound VP was not associated with a decreased risk of SSIs or with an increased risk of complications. Prior same-side craniotomy and prosthetic implants were risk factors for SSI after first-time cranioplasty.
Etude de la thermodynamique de la germination dans une réaction hétérogène et de ses conséquences sur le régimes cinétique observé // Study of the thermodynamics of the germination in a heterogen reaction and of its consequences on the kinetic behaviour observed. (1974)

International audience
Function of the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in basal expression and integration host factor-mediated activation of the early promoter of bacteriophage Mu (1997)

Integration host factor (IHF) can activate transcription from the early promoter (Pe) of bacteriophage Mu both directly and indirectly. Indirect activation occurs through alleviation of H-NS-mediated repression of the Pe promoter (P. Van Ulsen, M. Hillebrand, L. Zulianello, P. Van de Putte, and N. Goosen, Mol. Microbiol. 21:567-578, 1996). The direct activation involves the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit (alphaCTD) of RNA polymerase. We investigated which residues in the alphaCTD are important for IHF-mediated activation of the Pe promoter. Initial in vivo screening, using a set of substitution mutants derived from an alanine scan (T. Gaal, W. Ross, E. E. Blatter, T. Tang, X. Jia, V. V. Krishnan, N. Assa-Munt, R. Ebright, and R. L. Gourse, Genes Dev. 10:16-26, 1996; H. Tang, K. Severinov, A. Goldfarb, D. Fenyo, B. Chait, and R. H. Ebright, Genes Dev. 8:3058-3067, 1994), indicated that the residues, which are required for transcription activation by the UP element of the rrnB P1 promoter (T. Gaal, W. Ross, E. E. Blatter, T. Tang, X. Jia, V. V. Krishnan, N. Assa-Munt, R. Ebright, and R. L. Gourse, Genes Dev. 10:16-26, 1996), are also important for Pe expression in the presence of IHF. Two of the RNA polymerase mutants, alphaR265A and alphaG296A, that affected Pe expression most in vivo were subsequently tested in in vitro transcription experiments. Mutant RNA polymerase with alphaR265A showed no IHF-mediated activation and a severely reduced basal level of transcription from the Pe promoter. Mutant RNA polymerase with alphaG296A resulted in a slightly reduced transcription from the Pe promoter in the absence of IHF but could still be activated by IHF. These results indicate that interaction of the alphaCTD with DNA is involved not only in the IHF-mediated activation of Pe transcription but also in maintaining the basal level of transcription from this promoter. Mutational analysis of the upstream region of the Pe promoter identified a sequence, positioned from -39 to -51 with respect to the transcription start site, that is important for basal Pe expression, presumably through binding of the alphaCTD. The role of the alphaCTD in IHF-mediated stimulation of transcription from the Pe promoter is discussed.
Commentary on the Scientific Method Revisited (1995)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: This Month in Investigative Urology1 Nov 1995Commentary on the Scientific Method Revisited Robert M. Levin and Alan J. Wein Robert M. LevinRobert M. Levin More articles by this author and Alan J. WeinAlan J. Wein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66731-4AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Commentary on the Scientific Method Revisited." The Journal of Urology, 154(5), p. 1628 Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.© 1995FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 154Issue 5November 1995Page: 1628 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1995MetricsAuthor Information Robert M. Levin More articles by this author Alan J. Wein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) on the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis (2014)

The updated practice guidelines reported here constitute a global framework that can guide physicians in the everyday management of spondyloarthritis.
MP26-06 NON-HUMAN PRIMATE (NHP) MODEL OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2017)

PDE) inhibitors (PDE4i and PDE5i) in an experimental model of detrusor overactivity.
Optical elements for slowly moving neutral atoms based on magnetic fields (1999)

Magnetostatic and quasi-magnetostatic devices can act as optical elements for the de Broglie waves of magnetic atoms, i.e. atoms with a net static magnetic dipole moment in the ground (or isomeric) state. Such magnetic atom optical elements complement, and are alternatives to, resonantly tuned laser atom optical elements which rely on dynamically generated electric dipole moments. The physical principles behind such magnetic devices are discussed briefly, as well as the potential problems of decoherence and its management. The way that these optical elements may be realized is also discussed, with special reference to mirrors and static and quasi-static gratings. Gratings are important to atom interferometry as they can act as beam-splitters.
Report on the 4th International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Malignant Melanoma held at the Royal College of Physicians, London, UK, 15–16 March 2002 (2002)

Melanoma Unit, Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, London W6 8RF, UK. Email: [email protected] (S. Retsas). Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Alabama, Wallace Tumour Institute, South Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA (C. Falkson). Northern California Melanoma Centre, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA (L. Spitler).
Expression of a novel factor, com1, is regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in breast cancer cells. (2000)

Tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment produce a variety of factors that promote tumor growth and metastasis. We recently identified a nuclear factor, termed com1, that is up-regulated in human breast carcinoma cells on formation of experimental metastatic tumors and is assumed to act as a growth-promoting factor in breast cancer. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is a potent inhibitor of growth in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. We compared the growth-regulatory mechanisms of nontumorigenic and estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells with those of the tumorigenic and tamoxifen-resistant subline MCF7/ LCC2 in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. Proliferation of MCF7/LCC2 cells, which revealed constitutive com1 expression, was inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3 (10(-7) M). This was strongly associated with cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, consistent with accumulation of the hypophosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma protein as well as the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. These cell cycle events were preceded by a transient up-regulation (5-8-fold) of com1 mRNA. Furthermore, clonal growth of the MCF7/LCC2 cells was also inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3 (10(-7) M), and when the com1-negative MCF-7 cells were stably transfected with com1, the resulting MCF7/com1 cells showed a significant decrease in colony formation. These results seem to indicate that rather than promoting growth, com1 may participate in the regulatory pathway involved in cellular growth inhibition when recruited by inhibitory signals.
GlpR Represses Fructose and Glucose Metabolic Enzymes at the Level of Transcription in the Haloarchaeon<i>Haloferax volcanii</i> (2010)

In this study, a DeoR/GlpR-type transcription factor was investigated for its potential role as a global regulator of sugar metabolism in haloarchaea, using Haloferax volcanii as a model organism. Common to a number of haloarchaea and Gram-positive bacterial species, the encoding glpR gene was chromosomally linked with genes of sugar metabolism. In H. volcanii, glpR was cotranscribed with the downstream phosphofructokinase (PFK; pfkB) gene, and the transcript levels of this glpR-pfkB operon were 10- to 20-fold higher when cells were grown on fructose or glucose than when they were grown on glycerol alone. GlpR was required for repression on glycerol based on significant increases in the levels of PFK (pfkB) transcript and enzyme activity detected upon deletion of glpR from the genome. Deletion of glpR also resulted in significant increases in both the activity and the transcript (kdgK1) levels of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate kinase (KDGK), a key enzyme of haloarchaeal glucose metabolism, when cells were grown on glycerol, compared to the levels obtained for media with glucose. Promoter fusions to a β-galactosidase bgaH reporter revealed that transcription of glpR-pfkB and kdgK1 was modulated by carbon source and GlpR, consistent with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme activity assays. The results presented here provide genetic and biochemical evidence that GlpR controls both fructose and glucose metabolic enzymes through transcriptional repression of the glpR-pfkB operon and kdgK1 during growth on glycerol.
Interpretation of I-V characteristics measured on epitaxially grown thin films of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (1992)

Resistive measurements of the I-V characteristics are carried out on patterned thin films of epitaxially grown, c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7. The IV curve is roughly described by ln(V) proportional to ln(I). The determination of the volume pinning force is based upon different voltage criteria. Although the absolute values of the volume pinning force change with the value of the criteria, the field and temperature dependences are not affected. They agree with a flux-flow mechanism dominated by flux-line shear. Model calculations on the basis of a modified flux-line shear mechanism are carried out, which are in good agreement with the experimentally measured IV characteristics and the observed field and temperature dependences of the volume pinning force.
Current Issues in Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. It places an enormous burden on the patients, caregivers, and the society at large. While the main themes in the care of an AF patient have not changed over the years and continue to focus on stroke prevention, control of the ventricular, rate and rhythm maintenance, there have been a number of new developments in each of these realms. This paper will discuss the "hot" topics in AF in 2012 including new and upcoming medical and invasive management strategies for this condition.
Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities Associated With Immunotherapy In Alzheimer‘s Disease Patients (2012)

Evaluation of: Sperling R, Salloway S, Brooks DJ et al. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer’s disease treated with bapineuzumab: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol. 11(3), 241–249 (2012). Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) have been reported in patients with Alzheimer’s disease treated with bapineuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting β-amyloid (Aβ). The spectrum of ARIA includes signal hyperintensities on fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequences thought to represent ‘vasogenic edema’ and/or sulcal effusion (ARIA-E), as well as signal hypointensities on gradient echo/T2* thought to represent hemosiderin deposits. This study was a retrospective analysis in which two neuroradiologists independently reviewed 2572 fluid attenuation inversion recovery MRI scans from 262 participants in two Phase II studies of bapineuzumab and an open-label extension study. In this analysis, several ARIA-E cases were identified that were initially missed in the reported studies of bapineuzumab (42%). Associated clinical symptoms were observed in only 22% of patients with ARIA-E. Occurrence of ARIA-E increased with bapineuzumab dose and presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles. The increased risk of ARIA-E in APOE ε4 carriers and the knowledge that vasogenic edema and microhemorrhages may spontaneously occur in cerebral amyloid angiopathy suggest a potential relationship with vascular Aβ burden. The increased risk of ARIA with a high bapineuzumab dose and the findings from a case with PET amyloid imaging also suggest a possible relationship between ARIA-E with Aβ clearance after passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies.
Use of the mouse jumping test for estimating antagonistic potencies of morphine antagonists (1976)

Abstract The potencies of 19 reference morphine antagonists have been compared in a modified version of the mouse jumping test. Mice were each implanted subcutaneously with one 75 mg pellet of morphine. Antagonist challenge took place 72 h later and the incidence of repetitive vertical-jumping was monitored over 1 h. A high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0·997) was found between quantitative assays based on the total number of jumps per mouse and quantal assays based on mice jumping at least 6 times. A comparison of relative potencies obtained with the mouse test and with non-withdrawn morphine-dependent monkeys gave a Spearman rank order coefficient of 0·91 while a similar comparison with values obtained with the guinea-pig isolated ileum preparation also gave a high correlation coefficient (r = 0·92). Whereas it is difficult to assess the antagonistic component of buprenorphine and cyclorphan with the ileum preparation, both compounds can be satisfactorily assayed in the mouse jumping test. The reported antagonistic properties of ketocyclazocine and profadol could not be confirmed in the mouse model.
Estimating the form of the peripheral nonlinearity from slopes of psychometric functions in forward masking (2002)

In previous work, we have shown that slopes of psychometric functions (PF) obtained for the detection of a signal in the presence of a forward masker are in general agreement with standard assumptions concerning the form of the peripheral nonlinearity. PFs are steep for conditions where signal levels are low and grow progressively shallower as the signal threshold increases in level. PFs become more parallel if signal levels are adjusted to reflect the effect of a nonlinearity of the form proposed by Yates et al. [G. K. Yates, I. M. Winter, and D. Robertson, Hear. Res. 45, 203–220 (1990)]. An alternative approach is to use PF data to estimate the form of the nonlinearity. The data suggest that the reciprocal of the slope of the PF is linearly related to the signal level. This would indicate that the nonlinearity is logarithmic. Use of a logarithmic nonlinearity as the first stage in a model of forward masking predicts thresholds as a function of the masker level and signal delay that are consistent with a formula proposed by Jesteadt et al. [W. Jesteadt, S. P. Bacon, and J. R. Lehman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 71, 950–962 (1982)] and predicts loudness growth rates consistent with the literature. [Work supported by NIDCD.]