gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2 Methanation: The Effect of Catalysts and Reaction Conditions (2017)

Great attention has been paid to develop non-fossil fuel energy sources to reduce carbon emissions and create a sustainable energy system for the future. Storing the intermittent energy is one of the challenges related to electricity production from renewable energy resources. The Sabatier reaction produces methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, with the latter produced by electrolysis. Methane could be stored and transported through the natural gas infrastructure already in place, and be a viable option for renewable energy storage. Current technology for biogas upgrading focuses on removing carbon dioxide from the biogas. However, the biogas could potentially be used directly as feed gas for the Sabatier reaction, thereby removing the cost associated with carbon dioxide removal and increasing the methane yield and carbon utilization from biological sources. Carbon dioxide methanation requires a catalyst to be active at relatively low temperatures and selective towards methane. Nickel based catalyst are most widely investigated, and commercial catalysts are typically nickel on alumina support. Focus on catalyst development for carbon dioxide methanation is predominantly related to support modification, promoter addition, as well as utilizing new class of materials such as hydrotalcite-derived catalysts.
Potential of probiotic organisms to prevent diarrhoea and promote digestion in farm animals – A review (1989)

Abstract This review examines the scientific basis for claims that commercial probiotics prevent diarrhoea and increase digestive performance in young farm animals. Suppression of pathogenic coliforms in the stomach and intestine by competitive growth and bacteriocidal secretions of lactic acid bacteria justifies the use of lactobacilli in probiotics. However, there is as yet insufficient evidence to support the notion of a beneficial digestive role for this gut microflora.
Finite Element Software for Microwave Engineering (1996)

From the Publisher:
Finite element methods have become essential design tools for managing the complex structures and devices needed in modern microwave technology. Long the preferred techniques of both researchers and engineers, their migration from research lab to routine industrial use has been accelerated by hardware and software improvements. The last decade has seen the widespread availability of good commercial finite element programs for an extensive range of applications. Finite Element Software for Microwave Engineering provides the first comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. With its unique focus on current and future industrial applications rather than on mathematical methodology, this book is an invaluable complement to the existing literature on finite element methods. Directed to practicing engineers and researchers, the book describes user experience with current software, shows how existing programs can be used to solve problems not foreseen by their designers, and attempts to predict which methods may appear in the commercial products of tomorrow.
Dependence of Streptococcus lactis phosphate transport on internal phosphate concentration and internal pH (1987)

Uptake of phosphate by Streptococcus lactis ML3 proceeds in the absence of a proton motive force, but requires the synthesis of ATP by either arginine or lactose metabolism. The appearance of free Pi internally in arginine-metabolizing cells corresponded quantitatively with the disappearance of extracellular phosphate. Phosphate transport was essentially unidirectional, and phosphate concentration gradients of up to 10(5) could be established. Substrate specificity studies of the transport system indicated no preference for either mono- or divalent phosphate anion. The activity of the phosphate transport system was affected by the intracellular Pi concentration by a feedback inhibition mechanism. Uncouplers and ionophores which dissipate the pH gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane inhibited phosphate transport at acidic but not at alkaline pH values, indicating that transport activity is regulated by the internal proton concentration. Phosphate uptake driven by arginine metabolism increased with the intracellular pH with a pKa of 7.3. Differences in transport activity with arginine and lactose as energy sources are discussed.
Preventing Web Attacks with Apache (2006)

“Ryan Barnett has raised the bar in terms of running Apache securely. If you run Apache, stop right now and leaf through this book; you need this information.”i¾Stephen Northcutt, The SANS InstituteThe only end-to-end guide to securing Apache Web servers and Web applicationsApache can be hacked. As companies have improved perimeter security, hackers have increasingly focused on attacking Apache Web servers and Web applications. Firewalls and SSL won't protect you: you must systematically harden your Web application environment. Preventing Web Attacks with Apache brings together all the information you'll need to do that: step-by-step guidance, hands-on examples, and tested configuration files.Building on his groundbreaking SANS presentations on Apache security, Ryan C. Barnett reveals why your Web servers represent such a compelling target, how significant exploits are performed, and how they can be defended against. Exploits discussed include: buffer overflows, denial of service, attacks on vulnerable scripts and programs, credential sniffing and spoofing, client parameter manipulation, brute force attacks, web defacements, and more.Barnett introduces the Center for Internet Security Apache Benchmarks, a set of best-practice Apache security configuration actions and settings he helped to create. He addresses issues related to IT processes and your underlying OS; Apache downloading, installation, and configuration; application hardening; monitoring, and more. He also presents a chapter-length case study using actual Web attack logs and data captured “in the wild.”For every sysadmin, Web professional, and security specialist responsible for Apache or Web application security.With this book, you will learn to Address the OS-related flaws most likely to compromise Web server security Perform security-related tasks needed to safely download, configure, and install Apache Lock down your Apache httpd.conf file and install essential Apache security modules Test security with the CIS Apache Benchmark Scoring Tool Use the WASC Web Security Threat Classification to identify and mitigate application threats Test Apache mitigation settings against the Buggy Bank Web application Analyze an Open Web Proxy Honeypot to gather crucial intelligence about attackers Master advanced techniques for detecting and preventing intrusions
Chemical oscillations and instabilities. 43. Oscillatory oxygen evolution during catalyzed disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical oscillations and instabilities. 43. Oscillatory oxygen evolution during catalyzed disproportionation of hydrogen peroxideN. Ganapathisubramanian and Richard M. NoyesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 9, 1103–1105Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150609a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j150609a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Aldohexuronate transport system in Erwinia carotovora (1983)

The biochemical and physiological aspects of hexuronate transport in Erwinia carotovora were studied to approach the genetic regulation of the hexuronate degradative pathway in this bacterial species. An active transport system for glucuronate and galacturonate uptake exists in E. carotovora. The glucuronate entry reaction displayed saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of 0.05 mM (at 25 degrees C; pH 7). Galacturonate appeared to be a competitive inhibitor of glucuronate uptake with a Ki of 0.1 mM. Glucuronate permeation was not induced by glucuronate itself in wild-type strains. Galacturonate induced the uptake of glucuronate (about fivefold). The induced synthesis of the transport system was sensitive to catabolite repression by glucose. Mutants able to grow on glucuronate as the sole carbon source showed constitutive synthesis of the hexuronate transport system.
A Shift Invariance-Based Order-Selection Technique for Exponential Data Modelling (2007)

This paper presents a new subspace-based technique for automatic detection of the number of exponentially damped sinusoids. It consists in studying the shift-invariance of the dominant subspace of the Hankel data matrix. No threshold setting and no penalization terms are necessary. This model-based method, easy to implement, can be plugged into most subspace-based harmonic retrieval algorithms.
Ordered Self-Assembly of Polypeptide Fragments to form Nativelike Dimeric <i>trp</i> Repressor (1992)

Subdomain-size proteolytic fragments of Escherichia coli trp repressor have been produced that assemble in defined order to regenerate fully native dimers. By characterization of the secondary and tertiary structures of isolated and recombined fragments, the structure of assembly intermediates can be correlated with the kinetic folding pathway of the intact repressor deduced from spectroscopic measurement of folding rates. The nativelike structure of these intermediates provides further evidence that protein folding pathways reflect the stabilities of secondary structural units and assemblies found in the native state. The proteolytic method should be generally useful in adding structural detail to spectroscopically determined folding mechanisms.
Degeneration and Regeneration of <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> (1953)

An important consideration in handling industrial cultures is the effect of artificial media upon the maintenance of stability.Reese et al., (1949) investi- gated stability of penicillin production by Penicillium chrysogenum Wis.Q176 when transferred in several series on slants of different agar media.In a total of 403 transfers they observed only two sectors, one giving a normal yield of penicillin and the other only half as much.They concluded that the strain Wis.Q176 can safely be carried by successive agar transfers at weekly intervals.No similar study on stability of antibiotic production by a streptomycete has been reported.The present study deals with (1) morphological variation and stability of antibiotic production upon serial transfer of Streptomyces griseus on artificial media, (2) possible correlation of changes in potency with changes in morphology, and (3) regeneration of antibiotic-producing ability.MATERIALS AND METHODS Three descendant strains from Dr. Waksman's #9 strain of S. griaew (C, V, and an asporogenous variant N) and four from his #4 strain (C-57, C-131, M366P1, and W4-2) were used.All cultures are com- mercial strains except W4-2, our* laboratory strain.The greater part of the work was done with M366P1.Ten replicate slants of yeast-glucose agar were inocu- lated from stock cultures of this strain, and were considered as the original culture in the comparative assays of antibiotic activity.The two long series of transfers were made on yeast- glucose agar (1 per cent yeast extract, 0.5 per cent glucose (cerelose), 0.1 per cent K2HPO4, 1.5 per cent agar).This formula, or slight variations of it, is a commonly used medium for S. griseus.Shorter series of transfers were made on maltose and starch sporu- lation agars (1 per cent maltose or soluble corn starch, 0.5 per cent tryptone, 0.05 per cent K2HPO4, 0.05 per cent NaCl, 0.01 per cent FeSO4, 2.0 per cent agar).Cultures on yeast-glucose agar were transferred every two days and on maltose and starch agars every three days, the interval being determined by the time neces-
Implementing New Technology (2004)

Organizations have come to rely on implementing new technology as a critical component of their competitive strategy. Implementing new technology allows companies to improve efficiency, productivity, quality, safety, working conditions, and profitability. Much of this potential is never realized; as a study found that 40% of companies had not achieved the intended benefits from the new technology. The study further stated that 10% of these new technology implementation problems were for technical reasons; whereas most problems occurred for human and organizational reasons. Effective new technology implementation requires considering all factors involved in the implementation process as: new technology characteristics, organization structure, task factors, environmental characteristics, and human factors. It is suggested to utilize a cooperative approach implementing new technology, relying on employee participation and teamwork. By taking a total systems view of the situation; and being aware to the existing interactions; it is hoped that the new technology can be implemented in the most effective way possible. A case study is presented to illustrate this.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF ACYLATION OF DILITHIUM SALTS OF β‐KETO ESTERS: AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF ANIBINE (1984)

Abstract Das Dilithiumsalz des Acetessigsäureethylesters (I) reagiert mit Benzoesäureethylester (II) zu einem Gemisch aus dem Diketoester (IIIa) und dem Phenol (IV).
Can Partial Foot Prostheses Effectively Restore Foot Length? (2006)

Our understanding of how partial foot prostheses function stems from static force analyses, where assumptions about the location of the ground reaction force during terminal stance have been made. While such assumptions seemed reasonably based on an understanding of normal gait, they are often illogical based on what is observed clinically. As such, the aim of this work was to evaluate the belief that partial foot prostheses are able to restore the effective foot length. Centre of pressure (CoP) excursion data were collected as part of a complete gait analysis incorporating an Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc. force platform. The CoP excursion patterns, observed in a cohort of eight partial foot amputees and matched control subjects, highlight the inability of toe fillers and slipper sockets to restore the 'effective' foot length in transmetatarsal and Lisfranc amputees, whereas clamshell prostheses fitted to the Chopart amputees were able to restore the effective foot length. In the transmetatarsal and Lisfranc amputees, the observed CoP excursion patterns could indicate a learned gait strategy necessary to reduce the requirement of the weak triceps surae musculature as well as spare the sensitive distal stump from extreme forces. The toe fillers and slipper sockets fitted to these amputees may not be stiff enough to support the amputee's body weight or the device may not be designed appropriately to assist the weakened triceps musculature to resist the external moments caused by loading the forefoot. The clamshell prostheses restored the 'effective' foot length due to the rigid toe lever and clamshell socket, which could allow and comfortably support the generation of substantial external moments during terminal stance.
User Reputation computation Method Based on Implicit Ratings on Social Media (2017)

Social network services have recently changed from environments for simply building connections among users to open platforms for generating and sharing various forms of information. Existing user reputation computation methods are inadequate for determining the trust in users on social media where explicit ratings are rare, because they determine the trust in users based on user profile, explicit relations, and explicit ratings. To solve this limitation of previous research, we propose a user reputation computation method suitable for the social media environment by incorporating implicit as well as explicit ratings. Reliable user reputation is estimated by identifying malicious information raters, modifying explicit ratings, and applying them to user reputation scores. The proposed method incorporates implicit ratings into user reputation estimation by differentiating positive and negative implicit ratings. Moreover, the method generates user reputation scores for individual categories to determine a given user’s expertise, and incorporates the number of users who participated in rating to determine a given user’s influence. This allows reputation scores to be generated also for users who have received no explicit ratings, and, thereby, is more suitable for social media. In addition, based on the user reputation scores, malicious information providers can be identified.
Isolation and Identification of Aspergillus niger Strains from Nong-flavor Daqu and Preliminary Study of Its Safety (2013)

Strain NJSYS-6 was isolated and purified from Nong-flavor Daqu through traditional microbial isolation method.It was identified as Aspergillus niger through microscopic observation on the colony and molecular biology methods. The quantity of OTA produced by Aspergillus niger was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). It was revealed in the experiment that OTA reached the maximum value of 8.5 μg/kg at the 9 th day of liquid fermentation. For simulated solid fermentation, as the inoculating concentration of Aspergillus niger NJSYS-6 reached up to 10 ‰,OTA in distilled liquor reached as high as 0.4 μg/kg,meanwhile OTA in waste distiller's grains reached as high as 2.5 μg/kg,which was still within the limits of domestic and oversraseas standards.
Change of Ryegrass Seedling Root Fluorescence Expression during Three Generations of Seed Increase (2002)

Seedling root fluorescence (SRF) has been used since the early 1940s to discriminate Italian (annual) ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) from perennial ryegrass (L perenne L.). Generally, roots of Italian ryegrass fluoresce under ultraviolet light, while those of perennial ryegrass do not fluoresce, but the trait has readily introgressed from Italian to perennial. Breeders document fluorescence levels of new ryegrass cultivars before they enter seed certification programs. The objective of this study was to ascertain if there was genetic change for the expression of SRF during generations of seed multiplication. Four ryegrass populations, constructed to have low, medium, and high SRF levels, were increased independently for three generations in the field at each of three Oregon locations (Aurora, Corvallis, and Madras). The SRF was measured on the initial population parents, and for each generation cycle at each location. There were significant differences in SRF among locations within populations and for seed production generation within locations. One population initially at 11% SRF increased to 36% across the three generations of seed multiplication at Corvallis, but decreased to 8 and 2% at the other two locations. The other three populations responded differently, showing large population × location and population × generation interactions for SRF expression. Location of increase and the seed production generation must be examined and carefully considered when describing fluorescence levels of cultivars for seed certification purposes. The large amount of variation associated with environmental influences indicates SRF is not a reliable characteristic to describe and predict ryegrass cultivar genetic purity.
Case-Control Study of Early Life Dietary Factors in Parkinson's Disease (1988)

Studies of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam direct suspicion to a heat-labile component of vegetables found in greatest concentration in seeds. We therefore surveyed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) regarding early adult consumption of fruits and vegetables usually eaten raw, with seeds that are swallowed or scraped with the teeth. We administered a pretested questionnaire by telephone to 81 nondemented patients with PD and to a same-sex married sibling without PD. The patients and their siblings were asked whether they or their spouse (as an internal standard) had been more likely to eat each of 17 food items between marrying and age 40 years. No item was associated with the presence of PD. Unexpectedly associated with the absence of PD were preference for nuts (odds ratio, 0.39), salad oil or dressing (pressed from seeds) (odds ratio, 0.30), and plums (odds ratio, 0.24). These three items have higher vitamin E content than the other 14 items in our questionnaire. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that vitamin E, as an antioxidant, may have prophylactic value against PD.
Transliteration based search engine for multilingual information access (2009)

Most of the Internet data for Indian languages exist in various encodings, causing difficulties in searching for the information through search engines. In the Indian scenario, majority web pages are not searchable or the intended information is not efficiently retrieved by the search engines due to the following: (1) Multiple text-encodings are used while authoring websites. (2) Inspite of Indian languages sharing common phonetic nature, common words like loan words (borrowed from other languages like Sanskrit, Urdu or English), transliterated terms, pronouns etc., can not be searched across languages. (3) Finally the query input mechanism is another major problem. Most of the users hardly know how to type in their native language and prefer to access the information through English based transliteration. This paper addresses all these problems and presents a transliteration based search engine (inSearch) which is capable of searching 10 multi-script and multiencoded Indian languages content on the web.