gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microdroplet Sandwich Real-Time RT-PCR for Detection of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Subtypes (2013)

As demonstrated by the recent 2012/2013 flu epidemic, the continual emergence of new viral strains highlights the need for accurate medical diagnostics in multiple community settings. If rapid, robust, and sensitive diagnostics for influenza subtyping were available, it would help identify epidemics, facilitate appropriate antiviral usage, decrease inappropriate antibiotic usage, and eliminate the extra cost of unnecessary laboratory testing and treatment. Here, we describe a droplet sandwich platform that can detect influenza subtypes using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR). Using clinical samples collected during the 2010/11 season, we effectively differentiate between H1N1p (swine pandemic), H1N1s (seasonal), and H3N2 with an overall assay sensitivity was 96%, with 100% specificity for each subtype. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to detect viral loads as low as 10(4) copies/mL, which is two orders of magnitude lower than viral loads in typical infected patients. This platform performs diagnostics in a miniaturized format without sacrificing any sensitivity, and can thus be easily developed into devices which are ideal for small clinics and pharmacies.
Effect of Extended π-Conjugation of Central Cores on Photovoltaic Properties of Asymmetric Wide-Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptors (2020)

Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to develop low-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). In comparison, the NFAs with a wide bandgap (WBG) have received less attention. Here, three novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type WBG NFAs (TPT-T, TPTT-T, and TPTTT-T) have been designed and synthesized with different fused central cores by varying the π-conjugation length and molecular structures, which all exhibit wide optical bandgaps over 1.8 eV. The successive π-conjugation extension of electron-donating central cores (from TPT-T to TPTT-T and to TPTTT-T) induces red-shifted absorption spectra, lower optical bandgap, and enhanced electron mobility simultaneously. As a result, the optimized OSC devices based on TPTTT-T:PBT1-C achieved a power conversion efficiency of 7.42%, which was higher than those of PBT1-C:TPTT-T (6.93%) and PBT1-C:TPT-T (6.11%) based devices. These results indicate that extending the molecular π-conjugation structure is an effective strategy to design efficient NFAs for OSCs.
CART peptide-immunoreactive neurones in the nucleus accumbens in monkeys: Ultrastructural analysis, colocalization studies, and synaptic interactions with dopaminergic afferents (1999)

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a novel mRNA whose level of expression was found to be increased in the striatum after acute administration of psychomotor stimulants in rats. To define better the potential role of CART peptides in behavioural and physiologic changes induced by psychomotor stimulants, we analyzed the distribution, ultrastructural features, synaptic connectivity, and transmitter content of CART peptide-immunoreactive neurones in the nucleus accumbens in monkeys. Medium-sized CART peptide-immunoreactive neurones within a rich plexus of labelled varicosities were found mostly in the medial division of the shell of the nucleus accumbens in monkeys. At the electron microscope level, CART peptide immunoreactivity was exclusively associated with neuronal structures that included perikarya, dendrites, spines as well as nerve terminals packed with electron-lucent and dense-core vesicles. Most CART peptide-containing somata displayed the ultrastructural features of striatal output neurones. The majority of labelled terminals formed symmetric axodendritic synapses and displayed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity. CART peptide-immunoreactive somata were not immunoreactive for parvalbumin and somatostatin, two markers of striatal interneurones, nor for calbindin D-28k, a marker of a subpopulation of projection neurones. In double-immunostained sections, CART peptide-immunoreactive dendrites were found to be contacted by tyrosine hydroxylase-positive terminals which displayed the ultrastructural features of dopamine-containing boutons. These findings strongly suggest that CART peptides may be a cotransmitter with GABA in a subpopulation of projection neurones in the monkey accumbens. Furthermore, the fact that CART peptide-immunoreactive neurones receive direct synaptic inputs from dopaminergic afferents and are particularly abundant in the caudomedial division of the shell of the nucleus accumbens suggest that CART peptides might be involved in neuronal and behavioural changes that underlie addiction to psychomotor stimulants and feeding in primates.
Emmanuel Levinas and the Ontology of Eating (2010)

This essay examines the existential philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas in relation to issues of food and eating. I argue that for Levinas, the act of eating is central to founding the ethical self, and that any understanding of Levinas's approach to embodiment must begin with what it means for us to ingest the outside world. Even in Levinas's earliest work, food is already a freighted ontological category. As his ideas mature, eating is transformed from the grounding for an ethical system to the system itself. The act of giving bread to another person takes its place as the ethical gesture par excellence. The story is not that we eat. The story is that we eat and develop a relationship to eating, and that relationship in turn helps determine our sense of ourselves in the world. Eating is the ethical event. The essay ends by asking how Levinas can help us answer the question, what would it mean to imagine every bite I take, or give to another, as a direct engagement with my own and my neighbor's existence?
Two computer problems dealing with graphic display in chemistry (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo computer problems dealing with graphic display in chemistryFritz S. Allen and Edward A. Walters Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 9, 596Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1974Published inissue 1 September 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ed051p596RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Multiple Linear Regression Model Approach for Aerosol Dispersion in Ventilated Spaces Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Dimensional Analysis (2009)

Aerosol dispersion in living spaces especially bioaerosols, due to accidents or deliberate acts, is of significant current interest. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides an accurate and detailed platform to study the influence of different parameters on aerosol distribution in indoor spaces. The simulations however are time consuming and site-specific. The work here introduces an approach toward addressing this challenge. During emergencies, an accurate, quicker, and more general model is required to give rapid answers to first responders. Significant parameters influencing aerosol behavior in an office room were identified and through dimensional analysis, nine dimensionless groups were developed. Fractional factorial design was used to build sixteen scenarios to explore the design space. These scenarios were then simulated using a comprehensive CFD model. Large eddy simulation with the Smagorinsky subgrid scale model was applied to compute the airflow. Aerosols were modeled as a dispersed solid phase using the Lagrangian treatment. The influence of the dimensionless groups on the temporal variation of the number of aerosols in the room and the spatial distribution of the particles in the room was analyzed. The results showed that all the identified dimensionless groups were significant. Multiple linear regression models were developed for the prediction of the number of aerosols in the room and their spatial distribution as a function of the significant parameters influencing aerosol transport. The linear models accurately predicted the data on which they were based but did not predict the results of the independent tests as well. The limited predictive ability of the model showed that the relationships between the dimensionless groups are nonlinear and a higher level of experimental design will have to be applied to better explore the design space.
Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for the wastewater treatment: direct and indirect processes (2006)

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in finding innovative solutions for the efficient removal of contaminants from water, soil and air. The present tutorial review summarizes the results of an extensive selection of papers dealing with electrochemical oxidation, which is proposed as an alternative for treating polluted wastes. Both the direct and indirect approaches are considered, and the role of electrode materials is discussed together with that of other experimental parameters. Apart from discussing the possibility of removing selected contaminants from water using different anodes, efficiency rates for pollutant removal have been collected, the dependence of these rates on operational conditions advantages and disadvantages determining the further full-scale commercial application.
Objective no-reference image blur metric based on local phase coherence (2009)

A novel algorithm for no-reference blur assessment in digital pictures is proposed. This metric is based on the evaluation of local phase coherence across the scales of an overcomplete wavelet transform. We compare the performance of the proposed method with four state-of-the art metrics using a large database containing both simulated and real blur.
Microbiological diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis (2012)

Abstract Purpose The systematic microbiological documentation of endophthalmitis allows the confirmation of the infectious nature of the disease and the possible adaptation of treatment at the individual level and, at the collective level, the epidemiological characterization of the bacterial spectrum of endophthalmitis. Methods different microbiological techniques will be presented: conventional techniques (media), eubacterial PCR, real time PCR Results It is preferable to inoculate intraocular samples into culture media (a paediatric blood culture bottle or in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth) under sterile conditions in the operating room and to transfer the sample intended for PCR into a sterile tube without residual DNA (DNA‐free) and with a screw cap. Bacterial identifications and antibiograms are then obtained using phenotypic methods. Real time PCR is more sensitive than culture, allows the detection and identification of specific micro‐organisms, DNA quantification, and has a faster turn around time (no post‐PCR step). The PCR amplification of 16S rDNA uses consensus primers (panbacterial PCR) and is followed by identification from analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. This technique has the advantages of amplification of DNA from all bacteria, and identification of bacteria difficult to identify phenotypically (e.g. coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus species). However drawbacks are the possible contaminations, the duration (2‐3 days including sequencing), and the impossibility of differentiating mixed bacterial species in the same clinical sample. Conclusion PCR techniques are complementary tools to culture. New techniques of PCR are needed in order to be faster and more sensitive. Genomic characterization of strain virulence of bacteria involved in endophthalmitis will be further studied.
Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Survival: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trial (2008)

In contrast to the preponderance of observational studies, conjugated equine estrogens in a randomized clinical trial did not reduce colorectal cancer incidence nor improve survival after diagnosis.
Use of antidepressants: expansion beyond depression and anxiety. (2007)

We investigated antidepressant prescriptions and reasons for use. According to our data, the top 10 molecules represent approximately 95% of total antidepressant prescriptions for both primary care physicians (PCPs) and psychiatrists. The primary difference between PCPs and psychiatrists was the increased use of buproprion and tricyclics/tetracyclics by psychiatrists. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other newer antidepressants such as venlafaxine (Effexor) and buproprion (Wellbutrin) are used to treat depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders. The noted exception is duloxetine (Cymbalta), which looks like a blend between the newer agents and the tricyclics where there is use beyond the traditional central nervous system (CNS) disorders into pain and migraine.
A Positive-Evidence Model for Classifying Rhythmical Patterns (2000)

The Normalized Positive (NPOS) model is a novel matching model that predicts downbeat location and pattern complexity in rhythmical patterns. Though similar models report success, the NPOS model is particularly effective at making these predictions while at the same time being theoretically and mathematically simple. In this paper, the details of the model are explored and a comparison is made to existing models. Several datasets are used to examine the complexity predictions of the model. Special attention is paid to the model&apos;s ability to account for the effects of musical experience on rhythm perception (McAuley &amp; Semple, 1999; Drake, 1993).
Photodissociation dynamics of acetyl bromide at 234 nm (2002)

The photodissociation dynamics of acetyl bromide was investigated at 234 nm. A two-dimensional photofragment ion-imaging technique coupled with a [2+1] resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme was utilized to obtain speed and angular distributions of the nascent Br(2P3/2) and Br*(2P1/2) atoms. The recoil anisotropies for the Br and Br* channels were measured to be β=1.47±0.05 for Br and 1.44±0.05 for Br*. The relative quantum yield for Br* was found to be ΦBr*=0.37±0.05. The probability of nonadiabatic transition between two A′ states was determined to be 0.36. Broad Gaussian distributions were observed for the total translational energy distributions corresponding to the Br and Br* channels. The soft radical limit of the impulsive model adequately modeled the related energy partitioning. It is proposed that the σ*←n transition localized on the C–Br chromophore mainly contributes to the initial transition of acetyl bromide at 234 nm.
A prospective study on inter-operator variability in semi-robotic software-based MRI/TRUS-fusion targeted prostate biopsies (2021)

Reproducibility and precision of targeting particularly small lesions is still limited although using software-based FB. Further improvements in image-fusion, segmentation, needle-guidance, and automatization are necessary.
β‐Hydroxyaspartic acid in vitamin K‐dependent plasma proteins from scorbutic and warfarin‐treated guinea pigs (1984)

beta- Hydroxyaspartic acid is a rare amino acid, present in all vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins except prothrombin, and is formed by a post-translational hydroxylation of aspartic acid. We have now investigated whether this hydroxylation, like that of proline in collagen, is vitamin C-dependent. The vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins were isolated from normal and scorbutic guinea pig plasma by barium citrate adsorption and the beta- hydroxyaspartic acid content was determined. Compared with normal animals, scorbutic animals showed no significant reduction of beta- hydroxyaspartic acid content. In warfarin-treated animals there was a decreased content of both beta- hydroxyaspartic acid and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the barium citrate adsorbed fraction. It was concluded that the post-translational hydroxylation of aspartic acid is unlikely to be vitamin C-dependent.
Analysis of high-performance synchronous-asynchronous digital control for DC-DC boost converters (2005)

This paper investigates the application of a mixed synchronous/asynchronous digital controller to DC-DC boost converters. The digital control synchronously generates current and voltage ramps by using two low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Switch turn-on and turn-off are determined asynchronously by comparing converter state variables and the digitally generated current and voltage ramps. The control features high dynamic performance, frequency modulation during transients, no quantization effects, and low-complexity. In order to evaluate the dynamic performance and to compare the proposed solution with conventional analog peak current-mode control, a small signal model of the synchronous/asynchronous modulation is derived. Even if aimed to an integrated digital controller, experimental investigation has been performed using discrete components, implementing the digital control in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) using a hardware description language (VHDL). Simulation and experimental results on 100 W DC-DC boost converter confirm the proposed analysis and shows that the proposed solution enables dynamic performance comparable to that of analog peak current-mode control
Algorithms for wavelength assignment and call control in optical networks (2008)

Routing and channel assignment is a fundamental problem in computer/communication networks. In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, the problem is called routing and wavelength assignment or routing and path coloring (RPC) problem: given a set of connection requests, find a routing path to connect each request and assign each path a wavelength channel (often called a color) subject to certain constraints. One constraint is the distinct channel assignment: the colors (channels) of the paths in the same optical fiber must be distinct. Another common constraint is the channel continuity: a path is assigned a single color. When a path may be assigned different colors on different fibers, the RPC problem is known as the routing and call control (RCC) problem. When the routing paths are given as part of the problem input, the RPC and RCC problems are called the path coloring and call control problems, respectively. Major optimization goals for the above problems include to minimize the number of colors for realizing a given set of requests and to maximize the number of accommodated requests using a given number of colors. Those optimization problems are NP-hard for most network topologies, even for simple networks like rings and trees of depth one. In this thesis, we make the following contributions. (1) We give better approximation algorithms which use at most 3L (L is the maximum number of paths in a fiber) colors for the minimum path coloring problem in trees of rings. The 3L upper bound is tight since there are instances requiring 3L colors. We also give better approximation algorithms for the maximum RPC problem in rings. (2) We develop better algorithms for the minimum and maximum RPC problems on multi-fiber networks. (3) We develop better algorithms for the call control problem on simple topologies. (4) We develop carving-decomposition based exact algorithms for the maximum edge-disjoint paths problem in general topologies. We develop and implement tools for computing optimal branch/carving decompositions of planar graphs to provide a base for the branch/carving-decomposition based algorithms. These tools are of independent interests.
Upregulation of Protein Kinase C‐ζ Gene and Protein Expression by Exercise Training in Muscle of Obese Zucker Rats: Correlation with Enhanced Glucose Tolerance (2007)

Exercise training decreases skeletal muscle insulin resistance and increases glucose tolerance in conditions of pre‐diabetes. However, the relevant adaptive responses at the molecular and genetic level have not been clearly established in an animal model of pre‐diabetes. This study identifies novel alterations in muscle gene and protein expression that occur with exercise training in pre‐diabetic obese Zucker rats and are associated with a well‐defined metabolic outcome. Treadmill running (1–4 wks) enhanced glucose tolerance as assessed by the area under the curve for glucose (AUCg) during a glucose tolerance test. Microarray analysis revealed that a limited set of genes in soleus muscle was both significantly altered by exercise training (>1.5‐fold change; p<0.05) and correlated (p<0.05) with AUCg. One of these genes was the ζ‐isoform of protein kinase C (PKC‐ζ), a distal element of the insulin signaling pathway. PKC‐ζ protein expression was also upregulated (39%, p<0.05) by exercise training and was positively correlated with both its mRNA expression level and with AUCg. We provide the first evidence that PKC‐ζ gene and protein expression are enhanced by exercise training in skeletal muscle from an obesity‐associated rat model of insulin resistance. Moreover, this study presents the novel finding that the exercise training‐induced upregulation of PKC‐ζ expression in soleus muscle of obese Zucker rats is associated with increased glucose tolerance. PKC‐ζ should be targeted for the development of pharmaceutical “exercise mimetics” in the treatment of insulin‐resistant pre‐diabetic or overtly type 2 diabetic individuals.
Estimate on CO<inf>2</inf> emissions reduction effects achieved by the adoption of a water spray humidification system to clean rooms (2007)

We proposed water spray humidification in an indoor system for clean rooms used for the production of semiconductors and FPDs, and calculated the energy-saving effect and CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission reduction effect of this system. As a result of estimate on annual energy consumption by air conditioning at model semiconductor factory, this system can be reduced heating load of 76% and CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission of 0.23 ton-CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Year per volume of outside air of 1 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /min.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isochromane Derivatives by Metallocene‐Promoted Reaction of 2‐Alkoxy‐2‐fluoroglycosyl Fluorides with Benzyl Alcohol. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.