gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering biomaterials to promote systemic, antigen-specific tolerance (2017)

In autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes, the immune system incorrectly identifies and attacks “self” molecules. Existing therapies have provided important benefits, but are limited by off-target effects, reduced efficacy as disease progresses, and lack of cure potential, necessitating frequent, life-long dosing. An exciting strategy being explored is the design of vaccine-like therapies that selectively reprogram immune responses to self-molecules. This approach could, for example, control the attack of myelin – the protective coating around neurons – that occurs during MS, without leaving patients immunocompromised. However, the realization of this idea has proven difficult; once injected, conventional approaches do not provide control over the combinations, concentrations, and kinetics of signals that reach key tissues that orchestrate immune responses, such as lymph nodes (LNs). Biomaterials have emerged as a promising strategy to confront this challenge, offering features including co-delivery of cargos and controlled release kinetics. The research in this dissertation harnesses biomaterials to develop novel strategies to promote effective, yet selective control of autoimmunity, termed antigen-specific tolerance. In the first aim, direct injection was used to deposit degradable microparticles in LNs, enabling local controlled release of combinations of myelin peptide and Rapamycin, a drug shown to promote regulatory immune function. This work demonstrates the potency of intra-LN delivery in mouse models of MS, as a single dose of co-loaded microparticles permanently reversed disease-induced paralysis in a myelin-specific manner. The results also support this approach as a platform to study the link between local LN signaling and resultant responses in non-treated tissues and sites of disease during autoimmunity. In the second aim, myelin peptide and GpG, a regulatory ligand of an inflammatory pathway overactive in mouse models and patients with autoimmunity, were self-assembled. This approach generated microcapsules that mimic attractive features of conventional biomaterials, but eliminate synthetic carrier components that can complicate rational design and, due to intrinsic inflammatory properties, might exacerbate autoimmunity. These materials promoted tolerance in mouse cells, mouse models of MS, and samples from human MS patients. Together, these strategies could offer novel, modular approaches to combat autoimmune diseases and inform design criteria for future therapies.
Basic diffraction phenomena in time domain (2010)

Using a recently developed technique (SEA TADPOLE) for easily measuring the complete spatiotemporal electric field of light pulses with micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution, we directly demonstrate the formation of theo-called boundary diffraction wave and Arago's spot after an aperture, as well as the superluminal propagation of the spot. Our spatiotemporally resolved measurements beautifully confirm the time-domain treatment of diffraction. Also they prove very useful for modern physical optics, especially in micro- and meso-optics, and also significantly aid in the understanding of diffraction phenomena in general.
Symmetry analysis of self-written waveguides in bulk photosensitive media (2004)

The dynamics of self-written waveguides in bulk photosensitive media is studied in detail and contrasted with previous results for planar geometry. We investigate the symmetry and integrability properties of the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations which describe this process. We derive similarity-reduced differential equations and study some of these equations numerically.
Radar Taking Off: New Capabilities for UAVs (2018)

Modern consumer and industrial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are easy-to-use flying sensor platforms. They offer stable flight, good maneuverability, hovering, and even waypoint flights in autopilot mode. For stabilization and localization, sensors such as inertial measurement units (IMUs)-including gyroscopes and accelerometers-barometric sensors, and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are used. To sense the UAV?s direct environment, e.g., for collision avoidance or fully automated flight, additional sensors are needed. State-of-the-art combinations of infrared, ultrasonic, and vision-based sensors (monocular and/or stereo vision) capture the close vicinity. Using radar sensors is advantageous, as they are able to directly sense range and velocity and are not affected by lighting conditions and contrast. With the help of a multichannel radar, the angular information may also be extracted.
Survivin Selectively Modulates Genes Deregulated in Human Leukemia Stem Cells (2010)

ITD-Flt3 mutations are detected in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. While antagonizing Survivin normalizes ITD-Flt3-induced acute leukemia, it also impairs hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, indicating that identification of differences in signaling pathways downstream of Survivin between LSC and HSC are crucial to develop selective Survivin-based therapeutic strategies for AML. Using a Survivin-deletion model, we identified 1,096 genes regulated by Survivin in ITD-Flt3-transformed c-kit(+), Sca-1(+), and lineage(neg) (KSL) cells, of which 137 are deregulated in human LSC. Of the 137, 124 genes were regulated by Survivin exclusively in ITD-Flt3(+) KSL cells but not in normal CD34(neg) KSL cells. Survivin-regulated genes in LSC connect through a network associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway and falls into various functional categories independent of effects on apoptosis. Pathways downstream of Survivin in LSC that are distinct from HSC can be potentially targeted for selective anti-LSC therapy.
Comparison study of non-centrosymmetric materials from aminopyridines (2014)

Performed study on the co-crystallization of heterocyclic molecules of aminopyridine series with a nonlinear optical chromophore (4-Nitrophenol) and receiving molecular crystals with non-centrosymmetric crystal lattice based on them. Experiments on the growth of single crystals of these substances by slow evaporation technique in a closed volume. The dependence of the crystal symmetry on the growing conditions. A comparative study of nonlinear optical properties of crystals based on aminopyridines and measured their nonlinear optical coefficients.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Gadolinia-doped Ceria Mixed with Alkali Earth Carbonates for SOFC Applications (2007)

The properties of composite materials based on mixtures of gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and Li2CO3-K2CO3 are analyzed as potential SOFC electrolytes. In a temperature range higher than 500{degree sign}C, their ionic conductivity is significantly higher than for single GDC. Discontinuities were found in the conductivity Arrhenius diagram (σ vs. 1/T) around the melting point of the carbonate mixture (490{degree sign}C), showing, at least partially, the contribution of molten carbonates. At this stage, precise mechanisms are still under analysis.
A yeast gene essential for regulation of spindle pole duplication. (1988)

In eucaryotic cells, duplication of spindle poles must be coordinated with other cell cycle functions. We report here the identification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a temperature-sensitive lethal mutation, esp1, that deregulates spindle pole duplication. Mutant cells transferred to the nonpermissive temperature became unable to continue DNA synthesis and cell division but displayed repeated duplication of their spindle pole bodies. Although entry into this state after transient challenge by the nonpermissive temperature was largely lethal, rare survivors were recovered and found to have become increased in ploidy. If the mutant cells were held in G0 or G1 during exposure to the elevated temperature, they remained viable and maintained normal numbers of spindle poles. These results suggest dual regulation of spindle pole duplication, including a mechanism that promotes duplication as cells enter the division cycle and a negative regulatory mechanism, controlled by ESP1, that limits duplication to a single occurrence in each cell division cycle. Tetrad analysis has revealed that ESP1 resides at a previously undescribed locus on the right arm of chromosome VII.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective One‐Pot Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Alcohols. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Decay time measurement of fluorescent fibers with photon counting (1993)

In order to characterize fluorescent light, we present a decay time measurement method based on the use of a commercial photon counting module. This module, adapted for all fiber measurements, is well adapted for the developing field of optodes for chemical and biochemical sensing. Moreover, it improves the detection sensitivity to the femtowatt and picowatt range. It is thus possible to excite the fluorescence with very low power pump pulses, down to a few nanowatts, and to measure the temporal distribution of the fluorescent signal. As sources we can use LEDs, or white lamps plus a monochromator, avoiding unwanted phenomena such as saturation, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and excited state absorption (ESA). We obtain a measurement accuracy of 0.1% in a couple of minutes.
Targeted dose enhancement in radiotherapy for breast cancer using gold nanoparticles, part 1: A radiobiological model study (2017)

The evolution of the local effect model was implemented to assess cellular radiosensitization in the presence of GNPs and then validated with in vitro data. The model provides a useful framework to estimate the nanoparticle-driven radiosensitivity in treatment irradiations and could be applied to real clinical treatment predictions (described in a second part of this paper).
First-in-human phase I study of LY2780301, an oral P70S6K/AKT inhibitor, in patients with refractory solid tumors. (2012)

3005 Background: LY2780301is an oral potent, highly selective ATP competitive inhibitor against p70S6 kinase and AKT. We report on safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and anti-tumor activity from the first-in-men study of LY2780301 in solid tumors. Methods: Eligible pts (ECOG≤1) had relapsed solid tumors, adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic functions. Using a predictive pre-clinical PK/PD model and non-clinical toxicology data, a total daily dose of 100-1000 mg, was selected. LY2780301 was given either once or twice daily for 28-day cycle until disease progression. Dose escalation (3+3 design) was based on CTCAE V4 toxicities. The primary objective was to define the recommended phase 2 dose of LY2780301. Secondary objectives were PK, PD (pS6 in skin), and preliminary antitumor activity. Results: 32 patients were treated at dose levels from 100mg – 500mg total daily dose. LY2780301 was well tolerated at all dose levels No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in cycle 1. Common toxicities potentially related to study therapy included: constipation (7pts), fatigue (5pts), nausea (4pts), diarrhea (3pts), and vomiting (3pts). Grade 3/4 toxicities potentially related to study therapy were: anemia (3pts), increased ALT/AST (1pt), and increased GGT (1pt). Average number of cycles received across all dose levels was 2. There were no partial or complete responses; best response observed was prolonged stable disease for 6.5 cycles. Plasma exposures of LY278030 exceeded predicted efficacious dose in all pts (AUC 0-24H >25000 ng*hr/mL). Increase in exposure with dose was observed (QD or BID) with significant inter-pt variability. The exposure increase was less than linear with dose. Preliminary PK parameters are CL/F 4.5L/h and t1/2 of 24 hours. pS6 assessment in skin showed inhibition in > 50% of pts receiving 400-500 mg per day. Positive correlation with the exposure of the didesmethyl metabolite was observed. Conclusions: LY2780301displayed favorable safety profile, and high PK exposures in the range of efficacious dose. The recommended dose will be defined in the range between 300 and 500 mg. Further exploration of PK/PD effect in mesothelioma is ongoing.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN EINIGER FERROCEN‐FERRICINIUM‐MISCHSALZE (1970)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (III) und (IV), die Ferrocen in zwei verschiedenen Oxidationsstufen enthalten, wurden aus Ferrocen (I), Methyläthylketon (II) und Brom in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff dargestellt.
Electron Transfer of Manganese Halogenated Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives Assembled on Gold Electrodes (2001)

Disulfide-linked manganese halogenated tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives separated by spacer methylene-chain groups (Cn), (MnPFPP−Cn−S)2, (MnDCPP−Cn−S)2, and (MnTTP−Cn−S)2 [n = 2, 6, 12], were synthesized. The formation and redox response of self-assembled monolayers of these derivatives on a gold electrode were examined by electrochemistry combined with optical techniques in aqueous solution as well as in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The self-assembly depended on the spacer methylene-chain length and the halogen species bound to the porphyrin. The fluorinated porphyrin with long methylene-chain length exhibited the largest surface concentration on the electrode. Electron transfer of the monolayers on the electrode was assumed to occur between Mn(III) and Mn(II) occluded in the porphyrin ring from results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potential modulation reflectance, that is, electroreflectance (ER) in DMSO and aqueous solutions. The ER could detect the electron transfer at higher sensitivities than CV especially in aqueous solution. The porphyrin with the longer methylene chain induced the larger positive shift of the formal potential in addition to the larger surface concentration of the porphyrins in the monolayer. The shift in the formal potential also depended on the halogen species in the order MnTTP−Cn−S monolayer > MnDCPP−Cn−S monolayer > MnPFPP−Cn−S monolayer. Rate constants of the electron transfer from the monolayer to the electrode in DMSO and aqueous solutions, which can be calculated from the ER versus modulation frequency relation, increased with decreasing chain length and changed with the halogen species bound to the porphyrin in the order MnDCPP−Cn−S monolayer > MnTTP−Cn−S monolayer > MnPFPP−Cn−S monolayer. The effect of the halogen species may be explained by steric hindrance against aggregation among the porphyrin units in the monolayers especially in aqueous solution.
PARAFAC2 Receivers for Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (2009)

Space-time block codes can be represented by tensors, like for example the Kathri-Rao space time codes introduced by Sidiropoulos. In this paper, we introduce a parallel factor analysis 2 (PARAFAC2) model for orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC). This model, along with a small modification at the transmitter and the use of tensor diagonalisation designed for orthogonal tensors at the receiver, leads us to develop a generic parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) blind receiver for OSTBC. Unlike most tensor based blind receivers, our channel estimator is based on a data tensor rather than on a cumulant tensor.
Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations (2013)

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) distributions are controlled by anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, transport and oxidation by reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Quantifying trends in CO is therefore important for understanding changes related to all of these contributions. Here we present a comprehensive record of satellite observations from 2000 through 2011 of total column CO using the available measurements from nadir-viewing thermal infrared instruments: MOPITT, AIRS, TES and IASI. We examine trends for CO in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres along with regional trends for Eastern China, Eastern USA, Europe and India. We find that all the satellite observations are consistent with a modest decreasing trend ~ −1 % yr−1 in total column CO over the Northern Hemisphere for this time period and a less significant, but still decreasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere. Although decreasing trends in the United States and Europe have been observed from surface CO measurements, we also find a decrease in CO over E. China that, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Some of the interannual variability in the observations can be explained by global fire emissions, but the overall decrease needs further study to understand the implications for changes in anthropogenic emissions.
Production and purification of human growth-hormone-releasing factor from continuous cultures of recombinant-plasmid-containing Escherichia coli (1987)

A recombinant gene comprising phoS (the gene for the phosphate-binding protein PhoS) fused to a synthetic gene for a modified human growth-hormone-releasing factor (mhGRF) has been constructed. This gene was highly expressed in cells growing under conditions of phosphate starvation. Various conditions of continuous culture, varying in phosphate concentrations and dilution rates, have been tested to optimize the expression of the hybrid gene product (PhoS-mhGRF). Conditions were obtained such that a large amount of the hybrid protein was no longer exported as a result of saturation of export sites, which also induce the inhibition of processing of pre-PhoE and pre-OmpA. The pre-PhoS-mhGRF, accumulated in the cell, was recovered mainly in the particulate fraction after cell fractionation. This protein was purified. Besides the methionine residues located within the signal sequence, the only other one is located in the fusion joint of the hybrid protein. Thus cyanogen bromide treatment allowed the isolation of pure mhGRF. The yield obtained is about of 1 mg/l culture.
Drill Cuttings Reinjection for Heidrun: A Study (1993)

Abstract Drilling of 56 wells from the Heidrun Platform in the Norwegian North Sea may generate about 150 million pounds of drill cuttings. If oil-based mud (OBM) is used on any of the wells these oily cuttings will need to be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. This study was to assess the feasibility of disposing of these oily cuttings by reinjection into a fracture, initiated from a purpose-drilled reinjection well. A slurry was prepared from OBM drill cuttings from the Norwegian North Sea using a commercial cuttings slurrying system. Laboratory and pilot-plant tests of this slurry were conducted to measure: composition, rheology, laminar and turbulent friction loss, and leak-off coefficient. Laboratory tests were performed simulating the flow of the slurry along a fracture in a permeable formation with leak-off occurring from one side of the fracture. The paper describes the results of the tests. It concludes that it is feasible to dispose of the cuttings by reinjection into a fracture created in an impermeable formation. A procedure is suggested. It theorizes that permeable formations can act as barriers to the vertical growth of the fracture.
Learning recursive data is intractable (1997)

We establish some general results concerning PAC learning: We find a characterization of the property, that any consistent algorithm is PAC. It is shown that the shrinking width property is equivalent to PUAC learnability. By counterexample PAC and PUAC learning are shown to be different concepts. We find conditions ensuring that any nearly consistent algorithm is PAC resp. PUAC. The VC dimension of recurrent neural networks and folding networks is infinite. For restricted inputs, bounds exist. The upper bound in the case of recurrent perceptron networks is improved and the upper and lower bounds for restricted inputs are transferred to folding networks. We find conditions on the probability of the input space ensuring polynomial learnability: The probability of sequences resp. trees have to converge with increasing length resp. height to 0 sufficiently fast. Finally, we find an example for a concept class that requires exponentially growing sample size for accurate generalization.
Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Doubled Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons and Lateral Extra-Articular Reconstruction (2006)

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with use of an autogenous doubled semitendinosus and gracilis graft combined with an extra-articular procedure provided satisfactory functional outcomes, with a failure rate of 10%.
Colorless molecular dopants for low voltage operation of nematic liquid crystals (2002)

Molecules designed to possess large dipole moments have been synthesized and doped into liquid crystals for the purpose of reducing the threshold voltage associated with the Freedericksz transition in nematics. These molecules were tested in the commercial nematic mixture E7 at varying concentrations and the resultant mixtures were evaluated to determine their nematic-isotropic transition temperature, threshold voltage, dielectric anisotropy, and visco-elastic constant as a function of dopant concentration. We have shown that these materials reduce the threshold voltage by up to 25 % at the 10 wt.% doping level but do so via a reduction of the splay elastic constant, not by the increase of the dielectric anisotropy as was expected. As a consequence of this result these dopants have also shown to increase the response time of the dopant/liquid crystal mixture.
Biomechanical Analysis of Hemipelvic Deformation After Corticospongious Bone Graft Harvest From the Posterior Iliac Crest (1996)

Removal or bone graft in excess of 3 cm from the posterior ilium increases the risk of iatrogenic fatigue fracture.
Overview of recent Alcator C-Mod results (2001)

Research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is focused on exploiting compact high density plasmas to understand core transport and heating, the physics of the H mode transport barrier, and the dynamics of the scrape-off layer and divertor. Rapid toroidal acceleration of the plasma core is observed during ohmic heated H modes and indicates a momentum pinch or similar transport mechanism. Core thermal transport observations support a critical gradient interpretation, but with gradients that disagree with present theoretical values. High resolution measurements of the H mode barrier have been obtained, including impurity and neutral densities, and the instability apparently responsible for the favourable `enhanced D alpha' regime has been identified. Divertor bypass dynamic control experiments have directly addressed the important questions surrounding main chamber recycling and the effect of divertor closure on impurities and confinement. Future plans include quasi-steady-state advanced tokamak plasmas using lower hybrid current drive.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthelmintic Macrolactams from Nonomuraea turkmeniaca MA7381. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.