gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic effects play a central role in cold adaptation of trypsin (2001)

Organisms that live in constantly cold environments have to adapt their metabolism to low temperatures, but mechanisms of enzymatic adaptation to cold environments are not fully understood. Cold active trypsin catalyses reactions more efficiently and binds ligands more strongly in comparison to warm active trypsin. We have addressed this issue by means of comparative free energy calculations studying the binding of positively charged ligands to two trypsin homologues. Stronger inhibition of the cold active trypsin by benzamidine and positively charged P1-variants of BPTI is caused by rather subtle electrostatic effects. The different affinity of benzamidine originates solely from long range interactions, while the increased binding of P1-Lys and -Arg variants of BPTI is attributed to both long and short range effects that are enhanced in the cold active trypsin compared to the warm active counterpart. Electrostatic interactions thus provide an efficient strategy for cold adaptation of trypsin.
Electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans from the equine gastric mucosa (1979)

Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the equine gastric mucosa. Dowex 1×2 column chromatography was used.Fractionation of nondialyzable material by Dowex 1×2 column chromatography yielded six fractions at the molarity of NaCl ranging from 0.5 to 2.0mole; they were identified as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate, respectively.
Structure of trans-Rh(PH3)2(CO)X (X = F, Cl) Using Hartree-Fock/MBPT(2) and Density Functional Theory (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of trans-Rh(PH3)2(CO)X (X = F, Cl) Using Hartree-Fock/MBPT(2) and Density Functional TheoryEdward A. Salter, Andrzej Wierzbicki, Jorge M. Seminario, Norris W. Hoffman, Michael L. Easterling, and Jeffry D. MaduraCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 49, 12945–12948Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100100a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100100a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fine structure in the reflectivity of GeS (1978)

We report the observation of fine structure in the interband reflectivity of single-crystal orthorhombic GeS. This structure appears in the photon energy range 2.0-4.5 eV at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and depends only weakly on polarization.
Computational model of brain-stem circuit for state-dependent control of hypoglossal motoneurons (2018)

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the pharyngeal muscles become relaxed during sleep, which leads to a partial or complete closure of upper airway. Experimental studies suggest that withdrawal of noradrenergic and serotonergic drives importantly contributes to depression of hypoglossal motoneurons and, therefore, may contribute to OSA pathophysiology; however, specific cellular and synaptic mechanisms remain unknown. In this new study, we developed a biophysical network model to test the hypothesis that, to explain experimental observations, the neuronal network for monoaminergic control of excitability of hypoglossal motoneurons needs to include excitatory and inhibitory perihypoglossal interneurons that mediate noradrenergic and serotonergic drives to hypoglossal motoneurons. In the model, the state-dependent activation of the hypoglossal motoneurons was in qualitative agreement with in vivo data during simulated rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. The model was applied to test the mechanisms of action of noradrenergic and serotonergic drugs during REM sleep as observed in vivo. We conclude that the proposed minimal neuronal circuit is sufficient to explain in vivo data and supports the hypothesis that perihypoglossal interneurons may mediate state-dependent monoaminergic drive to hypoglossal motoneurons. The population of the hypothesized perihypoglossal interneurons may serve as novel targets for pharmacological treatment of OSA. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In vivo studies suggest that during rapid eye movement sleep, withdrawal of noradrenergic and serotonergic drives critically contributes to depression of hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs), which innervate the tongue muscles. By means of a biophysical model, which is consistent with a broad range of empirical data, we demonstrate that the neuronal network controlling the excitability of HMs needs to include excitatory and inhibitory interneurons that mediate noradrenergic and serotonergic drives to HMs.
Ablation of calcified biological tissue using pulsed hydrogen fluoride laser radiation (1990)

Calcified tissue (primarily beef shank bone) was ablated in air with an HF laser beam focused on a spot diameter of 150 mu m and at several wavelengths in the 2.7-3.0- mu m range. Pulse irradiances ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 MW/mm/sup 2/, pulse durations from 350 to 1000 ns, and the pulse repetition rate was 0.5 Hz. Under histologic examination, tissue craters appeared cleanly cut with smooth walls and minimal charring. Fluence thresholds for tissue removal were approximately 10 mJ/mm/sup 2/, independent of the ablation wavelength. Ablation was observed to occur both with and without the presence of a plasma. The amount of energy required to ablate tissue ranged from 2 to 3 J/mm/sup 3/, similar to the value observed in noncalcified tissue. Debris ejected from the crater during ablation contained particles of an average diameter of approximately 500 nm, expelled from the crater at approximately 200 m/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clustering of Adolescent Criminal Offenders using Psychological and Criminological Profiles (2010)

In Criminology research the question arises if certain types of delinquents can be identified from data, and while there are many cases that can not be clearly labeled, overlapping taxonomies have been proposed in [1,2,3]. In a recent study Juvenile offenders (N = 1572) from three state systems were assessed on a battery of criminogenic risk and needs factors and their official criminal histories. Cluster analysis methods were applied. One problem we encountered is the large number of hybrid cases that have to belong to two or more classes. To eliminate these cases we propose a method that combines the results of Bagged K-Means and the consistency method [4], a semi-supervised learning technique. A manual interpretation of the results showed very interpretable patterns that were linked to existing criminologic research.
A quality, energy and environmental assessment tool for the European cold chain. (2013)

According to 5th Informatory Note on Refrigeration and Food published by the International Institute of Refrigeration, 20% of the global losses in perishable products was due to lack of refrigeration. It is expected that increased use of refrigeration to reduce these losses will help meet the increasing food demands of the growing world population. However, the use of refrigeration already accounts for about 15% of world’s electricity usage. In addition, the use of refrigeration significantly contributes to global warming via emission of CO2. In this paper, a software tool was developed to assess food quality and safety evolution, energy usage and CO2 emission of different refrigeration technologies along the European cold chain. A reference product was chosen for the main different food categories in the European cold chain. Software code to predict the products temperature using the room temperature as input, based on validated heat and mass transfer models, were written in Matlab (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, USA). Also, based on validated kinetic models for the different quality indicators of the reference products, a software code was written to calculate the quality and safety evolutions of the food product, using the predicted product temperature as input. Finally, software code to calculate the energy usage and Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) value of different refrigeration technologies was also written in Matlab. All three software codes were integrated, and a graphical user interface was developed. Using the graphical user interface, a user can tailor a cold chain scenario by adding different cold chain blocks. Each cold chain block has properties that can be modified. The tool can be used to compare different cold chains with respect to quality, safety, energy usage, and environmental impact.
COMBINED EFFECT OF HEAT AND ALKALI IN STERILIZING SUGARCANE BAGASSE (1971)

ABSTRACT— Bacterial spores contained in sugarcane bagasse were subjected to various combinations of heat exposure and alkali concentration and the rate of destruction determined for each set of conditions. A series of survival, thermal death time and alkaline destruction curves revealed a different mode of death by heat exposure than alkali treatment. Addition of alkali into the heating menstruum caused the death rates of bacterial spores to be much greater than with heat alone at a given temperature. Exposure of the spores to a temperature of 75°C for 130 min was required to reduce the spore population by 90% with heat treatment alone. Incorporation of a 1% NaOH solution into the heating menstruum effected the same degree of destruction of the spores within a 2 min period at the same temperature. From a series of thermal destruction and alkaline destruction curves, an empirical equation expressing the relationship between the death rate of bacterial spores, and the intensity of temperature and the concentration of alkali was established. The equation reveals that the death rate of bacterial spores is affected in an exponential manner by temperature and in a direct relationship by alkali concentration. Using the equation, sterilization time for various combinations of temperature and alkali concentration was determined and the overall correlation index between the experimental data and computed value was 0.877.
A generative-discriminative learning model for noisy information fusion (2015)

This article is concerned with the acquisition of mul-timodal integration capacities by learning algorithms. Humans seem to perform statistically optimal fusion, and this ability may be gradually learned from experience. In order to stress the advantage of learning approaches in contrast to hand-coded models, we propose a generative-discriminative learning architecture that avoids simplifying assumptions on prior distributions and copes with realistic relationships between observations and underlying values. We base our investigation on a simple self-organized approach, for which we show statistical near-optimality properties by explicit comparison to an equivalent Bayesian model on a realistic artificial dataset.
CA19-9 as a therapeutic target in pancreatitis (2019)

The glycan carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is one of the most important and widely used biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. In 1979, Koprowski et al. first described CA 19-9 as a tumor antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody NS19-9 (1).
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5'-sulfamoylated purinyl carbocyclic nucleosides (1992)

The first series of 5'-sulfamoylated carbocyclic purinyl nucleosides was synthesized and tested for antitumor and antibacterial activities. The target compounds were formed by reacting the 2',3'-acetonide-protected carbocyclic nucleosides with sulfamoyl chloride, followed by deprotection. The agents were tested for cytotoxic activity against P388 mouse leukemia cells. Two compounds, 5'-sulfamoyl carbocyclic adenosine (2) and 5-sulfamoyl-8-aza carbocyclic adenosine (6) exhibited IC50 values as low as 62 and 15 nM, respectively. These analogs inhibited protein biosynthesis and slowed down DNA and RNA biosyntheses in the P388 cells. None of the target molecules were as potent against Escherichia coli as they were against the tumor cells. Also, in cell-free systems, agents 2 and 6 were more effective inhibitors of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate than in E. coli. These new carbocyclic derivatives appear to be somewhat selective for eukaryotic over prokaryotic cells in affecting translation.
Landscape of genomic diversity and trait discovery in soybean (2016)

Cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a primary source of vegetable oil and protein. We report a landscape analysis of genome-wide genetic variation and an association study of major domestication and agronomic traits in soybean. A total of 106 soybean genomes representing wild, landraces, and elite lines were re-sequenced at an average of 17x depth with a 97.5% coverage. Over 10 million high-quality SNPs were discovered, and 35.34% of these have not been previously reported. Additionally, 159 putative domestication sweeps were identified, which includes 54.34 Mbp (4.9%) and 4,414 genes; 146 regions were involved in artificial selection during domestication. A genome-wide association study of major traits including oil and protein content, salinity, and domestication traits resulted in the discovery of novel alleles. Genomic information from this study provides a valuable resource for understanding soybean genome structure and evolution, and can also facilitate trait dissection leading to sequencing-based molecular breeding.
Modélisation probabiliste de la qualité d'un vignoble et modélisation déterministe de la qualité d'un vin : premières approches (2015)

UMR AGAP - équipe DAAV (Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne)<br/>UMR AGAP - équipe DAAV (Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne)
An Integrated Approach for Air Conditioning and Electrical System Impact on Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Performances Analysis: DrivEM 1.0 (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the development process of actual cars it is more and more important to be able to evaluate in a detailed and fast way the impact, on the fuel consumption, of components and management strategies of the auxiliary systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For these reasons, there is the need to develop and test specific tools.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the most consuming subsystem is the Air Conditioning system: to be able to integrate it in a dynamic simulation model is going to be of outmost importance in the near future, since it is most likely that in some countries (see incoming California legislation) vehicle fuel consumption will be measured with the A/C system “ON”.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">FIAT Auto and Centro Ricerche FIAT have jointly developed a simulation tool, DrivEM, that integrates three dedicated simulation models: Drivetrain© for vehicle performance &amp; fuel consumption, SACS for air conditioning systems and BILELCO for electrical system analysis. DrivEM1.0 allows to estimate the impact on fuel consumption both for A/C system under a whatever ambient conditions using and for electrical power loads needs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the key feature of the approach is that the majority of data, needed as input, do not require experimental tests, but can be derived from suppliers datasheet or from the basic characteristics of the vehicle.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This allows to use this tool since the early stage of the development process of the vehicle itself.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The simulation of vehicle performances with air conditioning and electrical system on has been validated with experimental tests in a test bench with climatic chambers. The accuracy of the comparison between measurement and simulation is within 5%.</div>
A Distributed Strategy for CRFs Based Chinese Text Chunking (2009)

This paper proposes a distributed strategy for Chinese text chunking on the basis Conditional Random Fields(CRFs) and Error-driven technique.First eleven types of Chinese chunks are divided into different groups to build CRFs model respectively.Then,the error-driven technique is applied over CRFs chunking results for further modification.Finally,a method is described to deal with the conflicting chunking according to the F-measure values.The experimental results show that this approach is effective,outperforming the single CRFs-based approach,distributed method and other hybrid approaches in the open test by achieving reaches 94.90%,91.00%,and 92.91% in recall,precision,and F-measure respectively.
Thiabenzenes. Reassessment of their chemical and physical properties (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiabenzenes. Reassessment of their chemical and physical propertiesBruce E. Maryanoff, Joseph Stackhouse, G. H. Senkler Jr., and Kurt MislowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 10, 2718–2742Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00843a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00843a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative processing for MHC class I presentation by immature and CpG‐activated dendritic cells (2004)

Exogenous proteins can be processed by antigen-presenting cells for the generation of MHC class I-restricted T cell responses. Where this occurs is not clear, although both transfer of internalized antigen into the cytosol and alternative processing in endolysosomes and phagosomes have been reported. Here we have studied the capacity of bone marrow-derived mouse myeloid dendritic cells (DC) to process the OVA protein for peptide presentation by H2-K(b). We have found that immature DC (iDC), both wild-type and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient cells, can transiently process OVA in a pathway which is resistant to inhibitors of the classical MHC class I pathway including the Golgi inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA) and the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. This alternative pathway is not found in subcultured DC with an intermediate maturity (imDC) or in resting, IL-3 expanded macrophages but can be re-expressed in imDC if these are activated by an immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotide. Both iDC and CpG-activated DC were found to process OVA by regurgitation. In addition, we found that iDC secrete proteolytic enzymes into the supernatant, which can process OVA in the extracellular phase. These results suggest that multiple pathways exist for the processing of exogenous protein antigens into MHC class I-binding peptides.
Size and Location of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (2009)

Ruptured aneurysms in the ACA were smaller than those in the MCA. The most prevalent aneurysm size was 3-6 mm in the MCA (55.73%), 3-6 mm in the ACoA (57.57%) and 4-6 mm in the PCoA (42.30%). The more prevalent size of the aneurysm to treat may differ in accordance with the location of the aneurysm.
Genetic Epidemiology Studies in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (2008)

Genetic epidemiology studies in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) have the potential to radically improve assessment of disease risk such that more individualised information can be provided to patients susceptible to developing disease. Studies of HNPCC initially focused on disease associations and the definition of the disease and its association with different cancers within the context of an inherited predisposition. With the identification of the genetic basis of HNPCC, new insights into the disease have been forthcoming and many advances in our understanding have been made. There have been many reports examining potential modifier genes in HNPCC, yet the results remain controversial as many findings have not been replicated and therefore no clear consensus as to the role of specific modifier genes has been reached. This review focuses on some of the factors associated with disease risk in HNPCC and where some of the difficulties lie in assessing the value of genetic epidemiology studies in this disorder.
Metal oxide varistor polarization from an initial transient (1987)

Abstract : Metal oxide varistors (MOV's) are polarized by the initial transient shunted. This effect is seen in the early part of the current - voltage (I-V) curve as a decrease in clamping voltage and increase in standby current. The magnitude of degradation is a function of the measured polarity relative to the pulse polarity of the initial transient. This report presents alpha and I-V degradation curves for all sizes of MOVs tested. Keywords: Varistor polarization; Transient protection; Circuit protection.