gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel approach for adaptive coefficient tuning for the simulation of evaporating high-speed sprays injected into a high-temperature and high-pressure environment (2019)

Producing reliable in-cylinder simulations for quick-turnaround engine development for industrial purposes is a challenging task for modern computational fluid dynamics, mostly because of the tuning effort required for the sub-models used in the various frameworks (the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation). Tuning is required because of the need for modern engines to operate under a wider range of conditions and fuels. In this article, we suggest a novel methodology based on automated simulation parameter optimisation that is capable of delivering a priori a coefficient matrix for each operating condition. This approach produces excellent results for multiple comparison metrics like liquid and vapour penetration lengths, radial and axial mass fraction and temperature distributions. In this article, we also show for the first time that input model coefficients can potentially be linked to ambient boundary conditions in a physically consistent manner. Changes in injection pressure, charge pressure and charge density are considered. This paves the way for the tabulation of the constants in order to eliminate lengthy tuning iterations between operating conditions and move towards adaptive simulations as the piston moves changing the in-cylinder conditions. An additional discussion is performed for the validity range of existent models given that in recent years there has been a shift towards more extreme thermodynamic conditions in the injection stage (reaching the limits of transcritical flows). Although in this work the framework was implemented in the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes context because this is the tool of preference of digital engineering currently by automotive industries, the approach can be easily extended in large eddy simulation.
Dip Coating Passivation of Crystalline Silicon by Lewis Acids (2019)

The reduction of carrier recombination processes by surface passivation is vital for highly efficient crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells and bulk wafer metrological characterization. Herein, we report a dip coating passivation of silicon surfaces in ambient air and temperature with Nafion, achieving a champion effective carrier lifetime of 12 ms on high resistivity n-type c-Si, which is comparable to state-of-the-art passivation methods. Nafion is a nonreactive polymer with strong Lewis acidity, thus leading to the formation of a large density of fixed charges at silicon surface, 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than what is achievable with conventional thin-film passivation layers. Notably, Nafion passivates the c-Si surface only by the fixed charges without chemical modification of dangling bonds, which is fundamentally different from the common practice of combining chemical with field-effect passivation. This dip coating process is simple and robust, without the need for complex equipment or parameter optimization as there is no chemical reaction involved.
Disseny, síntesi i estudi de lligands peptídics capaços de reconèixer la superfície de la P53 (2004)

En la majoria de processos cellulars, hi ha multitud de proteines que interaccionen entre si, essent aquests contactes proteina-proteina, fonamentals per al correcte funcionament de cadascun daquests processos. Aquests contactes, es donen a traves de les superficies de les diferents proteines, de manera que aquestes superficies son unes dianes terapeutiques potencialment molt interessants.
Donada la importancia del reconeixement de superficies proteiques, aquest treball de tesis doctoral sha dirigit a lestudi de la utilitzacio de lligands peptidics per al reconeixement de superficies proteiques riques en carboxilats. En concret, com a diana, sha escollit el domini de tetrameritzacio de la proteina supressora de tumors p53.
Aixi, partint dels estudis previs realitzats en el grup de recerca basats en la interaccio de molecules tetraguanidiniques no peptidiques amb petits peptids model amb quatre residus acids distribuits en i / i+3 / i+6 / i+9, sha pogut dissenyar i sintetitzar un peptid (Ac-AGAAGWARGRARSR-NH2), el qual es capac de reconeixer la superficie rica en carboxilats de la p53. Per poder dur a terme aquests estudis, ha estat necessari establir la metodologia per obtenir mitjancant expressio en cultius bacterians, el domini de tetrameritzacio de la p53 (amb i sense marca isotopica). El peptid sha dissenyat mitjancant eines de modelat molecular, i la interaccio sha estudiat mitjancant la combinacio de diferents tecniques com son lespectroscopia de fluorescencia, la ressonancia magnetica nuclear, la ressonancia de plasmo superficial i la microcalorimetria. A partir daquest estudis sha pogut concloure que la constant dafinitat es de lordre de 10 milimicres. A mes a mes, sha pogut comprovar que el peptid Candidat 4, es capac de creuar la membrana cellular, fet que obre les portes a poder avaluar aquesta interaccio in vivo.
A partir del peptid Candidat 4, sha dissenyat una quimioteca de 40 peptids amb lobjectiu doptimitzar lafinitat i entendre quins son els factors que controlen aquest proces de reconeixement. La quimioteca corresponent sha sintetizat, purificat i avaluat la seva interaccio amb el domini de tetrameritzacio de la p53 mitjancant espectroscopia de fluorescencia. A partir daquests estudis, sha comprovat que shan pogut preparar quatre peptids amb una afinitat fins a un ordre de magnitud superior i shan pogut extreure idees de caracter mes general que poden ser utils per al disseny de lligands per a altres superficies proteiques.
Finalment, tambe shan obtingut anticossos dirigits a dues regions diferents del domini de tetrameritzacio de la p53.
Genetic and Antigenic Relatedness of Human and Animal Strains of Antigenically Distinct Rotaviruses (1986)

We used nucleic-acid hybridization and enzymatic and immunofluorescence assay to examine the relatedness of human and animal strains of antigenically distinct rotaviruses (ADRVs). ADRVs isolated from rats and humans in Baltimore, Maryland, were shown to be closely related to bovine and porcine strains of group B rotavirus. A human group B rotavirus associated with epidemics of gastroenteritis in China was also found to share antigenic determinants and genome sequence homology with ADRVs passaged in rats in the United States. Closely related strains of group B rotavirus thus appear to infect human and animal populations in widely separated geographic areas.
Electronics In European Trucks (2005)

The increasing division of labor in commerce and industry is leading to a rise in the flow of goods. The resulting haulage capacity will still have to be provided mainly by trucks. The task, therefore, is to improve all the performance characteristics of trucks. Electronics will supply a significant contri bution. The trend will be towards the integration of subsystems which are still separate today. Information and communication systems will play avital role in the future exchange of data on board the vehicle and in improvements in freight transport organization. In conjunction with intelligent assistant systems supporting the driver, this will provide the conditions for realizing private traffic of the future in the form of an integrated system of cooperating partners.
Nucleation and growth during recrystallisation of aluminium alloys investigated by local texture analysis (1996)

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic survey on the formation of recrystallisation textures in cold rolled Al alloys. In particular, the nucleation of new grains in cube bands, grain boundaries, shear bands, and the deformation zones around large pProceedings of Conference 'Texture on a Mircoscale' as well as their subsequent growth into the deformed matrix are examined and discussed in the context of their contribution to the final recrystallisation textures. In addition to X-ray macrotexture analysis, particular attention is focused on the determination of local orientations by electron diffraction either in the transmission electron microscope (microbeam electron diffraction) or, at later stages of recrystallisation, in the scanning electron microscope (electron backscattered diffraction). A combination of these complementary techniques for orientation determination with increasing spatial resolution yields much more valuable information on the underlying mechanisms of recrystallisation than is accessible by the sole use of the individual techniques.MST/3676
Nanofibers from Functionalized Dendritic Molecules (2004)

This Communication contains content that overlaps significantly with a Full Paper by the same group “Assembling of Amphiphilic Highly Branched Molecules in Supramolecular Nanofibers” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 9675–9684. Although submitted at the same time the authors did not provide the Editors of Angewandte Chemie with a copy of the Full Paper. This oversight resulted in the simultaneous appearance of the same information in two publications. The authors apologize for this mistake.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal disease (1979)

A series of 63 patients with suspected adrenal disease was evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In 15 additional patients CT diagnosed unsuspected adrenal disease. The CT results were correlated with surgical, postmortem, or compelling clinical data. In those patients with adequate visualization of both adrenals, CT correctly identified all adrenal masses subsequently proven at surgery or postmortem examination. CT accurately predicted the presence or absence of a unilateral adrenal neoplasm in patients with Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism. Unsuspected primary or metastatic neoplasms of the adrenals were occasionally detected in patients scanned for other reasons. CT is a safe and accurate method of evaluating patients with suspected adrenal disease.
Enhanced Infrared Transmission through Subwavelength Coaxial Metallic Arrays (2005)

We report the observation of enhanced near-infrared transmission through arrays of subwavelength coaxial metallic structures compared with that through comparable diameter hole arrays as a result of localized electromagnetic modes supported by the complex coaxial unit cell. Polarization and angle-dependent transmission measurements clearly demonstrate the coupling between this localized mode and delocalized surface plasmon modes. A generalized, multiple discrete states Fano line shape provides a good fit to the experimental results.
Isolation of human skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain and actin for measurement of fractional synthesis rates (1998)

Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), we have developed a simple method to isolate myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin from small (60-80 mg) human skeletal muscle samples for the determination of their fractional synthesis rates. The amounts of MHC and actin isolated are adequate for the quantification of [13C]leucine abundance by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Fractional synthesis rates of mixed muscle protein (MMP), MHC, and actin were determined in six healthy young subjects (27 +/- 1 yr) after they received a 14-h intravenous infusion (prime = 7.58 micromol/kg body wt, constant infusion = 7.58 micromol. kg body wt-1. h-1) of [1-13C]leucine. The fractional synthesis rates of MMP, MHC, and actin were found to be 0.0468 +/- 0.0048, 0.0376 +/- 0. 0033, and 0.0754 +/- 0.0078%/h, respectively. Overall, the synthesis rate of MHC was 20% lower (P = 0.012), and the synthesis rate of actin was 61% higher (P = 0.060, not significant) than the MMP synthesis rate. The isolation of these proteins for isotope abundance analysis by GC-C-IRMS provides important information about the synthesis rates of these specific contractile proteins, as opposed to the more general information provided by the determination of MMP synthesis rates.
Tunnel spin injectors (2006)

Abstract Highly spin-polarized electron currents can be engineered in magnetic nanostructures by utilizing spin dependent tunneling and spin dependent scattering effects. In magnetic tunnel junctions with crystalline MgO barriers, a giant asymmetry in tunneling probability for the majority and minority electrons gives rise to currents which are more than 85% spin polarized at low temperatures and corresponding tunneling magnetoresistance values of more than 200% at room temperature. In a three terminal magnetic tunnel transistor (MTT), the electron current is further spin-filtered in a magnetic base layer so that the collector current can become nearly completely spin-polarized. The MTT allows for the exploration of spin dependent scattering of hot electrons and can be used as a spin injector into semiconductors, but the high energy of the injected electrons leads to modest values of spin polarization. More highly spin polarized currents can be injected into semiconductors using tunnel spin injectors such as CoFe/MgO.
Fabrication and application of a carbon nanotube/poly(dimethylsiloxane) coated optoacoustic film transducer (2018)

An optoacoustic film transducer was fabricated by coating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) on the surface of a thin flexible optical poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sheet. When a laser pulse was irradiated on the film transducer, a shockwave, with superimposed waves reflected from the surface and the back of the film, was generated. The shockwave had very small pulse widths of 20–30 ns, and the maximum pressure of 5.4 MPa was obtained at 10 mm from the surface of the transducer. A line-focused optoacoustic source was fabricated using the film transducer, and its characteristics were investigated. A very high maximum pressure of about 35 MPa was obtained using the source. It was demonstrated that the source can engrave a line trace on a chalk surface.
2-Halopyrroles. Synthesis and chemistry (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Halopyrroles. Synthesis and chemistryGeoffrey A. CordellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 22, 3161–3169Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00910a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00910a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2739Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-speed simultaneous measurement of refractive index and thickness of transparent plates by low-coherence interferometry and confocal optics (2004)

We propose and demonstrate a novel measurement technique for determination of n and t, where the measurement time is only 1 s or less for a thickness of <1 mm.Such a high-speed measurement is successfully achieved by simultaneous detection of coherence-gate and confocal signals with a single scanning of the sample.A measurement accuracy of 0.3% or less was successfully attained for a thickness of <1 mm.A multi-point measurement result is also presented for the index and thickness distributions of a radial-graded-index rod lens.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemistry of Nickel “Picket Fence” Porphyrin. Electrogeneration and Spectral Characterization of Nickel Complexes in Unusual Oxidation States. (1989)

Abstract The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization of (I), prepared in 70% yield from the ligand and NiCl 2 ·6 H 2 O in refluxing DMF, is carried out in CH 2 Cl 2 , THF and benzonitrile.
Real Time System for Practical Acoustic Monitoring of Global Ocean Temperature (1994)

Abstract : The acoustic multipaths from the Kaneohe source have been identified at one SOSUS station using a ray tracing algorithm called ZRAY. This is the furthest, 4000 km, that ray theory has been successfully used to understand acoustic propagation in the ocean. This further validates that acoustic thermometry is valid at basin-scales and that changes in the travel time from the Kaneohe source are not due to changes in the multipaths. FSU designed an acoustic tomography assimilation scheme for a reduced gravity model, but with spatially variable density. The goal of this effort is to estimate the time independent density field in the upper northeast Pacific ocean. A second test cruise was conducted at the AUTEC Range in August to verify SSAR performance with a 70 Hz source. This test consisted of the deployment of a normal SSAR (snubber design) and a moored SSAR. The moored SSAR was deployed on a subsurface mooring, thus removing surface generated noise. A 70 Hz source transmitted an M- sequence signal and both systems recorded data on hard disk. The normal SSAR also telemetered processed data. In addition, the SSAR acoustic navigation system was tested against the AUTEC Range system. All data were successfully collected and processing of this information is ongoing.
Time-varying boundary condition diffusion for gradient-index design (1998)

Researchers and lens designers have established the optical performance benefits of gradient-index (GRIN) optics. Refractive index gradient attributes such as depth, shape, and total index change determine the lens aberrations and in some cases the first-order system properties. Gradient-index designs are usually specified by an index polynomial: however, the most widely used index representations do not correlate with the ion exchange fabrication process used to make GRIN glass. A design-for-manufacture process has been developed which uses ion exchange modeling integrated with optical design software to design manufacturable GRIN lenses. This paper introduces time varying boundary condition (TVBC) diffusion as a useful technique for improving the performance of manufacturable gradient lenses. The implementation of TVBC diffusion in OSLO<SUP>TM</SUP> lens design software as a user-defined gradient is detailed and some unique aspects of manufacturable index profiles are pointed out in conjunction with design examples. Both axial and radial gradient designs show significant improvement with an increase in the number of TVBC diffusion steps. Finally, an experimental index profile is shown to reasonably match the TVBC diffusion calculated profile.
Exploratory study of coal conversion chemistry. Quarterly report No. 10, August 19-November 18, 1983 (1983)

Work has continued to focus this quarter on Subtask A.3, Derivation of an Improved Correlation Between Coal-Conversion Effectiveness and Donor-Solvent Structure. We are taking two new approaches to test the hypothesis that the critical class of reactions, which distinguishes between good donor and poor donor solvents, is bimolecular transfer of hydrogen atoms from solvent radicals to the ipso positions of substituted aromatics Ar-X, resulting in solvent-mediated hydrogenolysis. In the first approach, experiments in which real coal liquefaction mixtures were doped with specific model compounds showed that hydrogen-transfer reactions promoted by the coal do engender bond scission in the dinaphthylmethane to an extent that the half-life for cleavage at 400/sup 0/C in tetralin is decreased from 200 hours to about 4 hours. This result greatly strengthens our suggestion that the cleavage of phenyl-alkyl bonds, formerly considered to be very refractory under liquefaction conditions, may play an important role in coal liquefaction. In the second approach to testing our liquefaction mechanism hypothesis, we have constructed a simplified numerical model for liquefaction of some coal-like structures, incorporating some of the rate constants for bond cleavage measured in this work to determine whether the calculated relative bond cleavage rate with various hydroaromatic contents successfully mimics the relative model compound and coal conversion rates measured in the laboratory. Our efforts in Task B were concentrated on Subtask B.1 Development and Evaluation of CO/H/sub 2/O Catalyst Systems. The study of conversion behavior of an Illinois No. 6 coal was extended to different reaction times and lower pH's. The results reveal that the primary reaction parameter that controls coal conversion at 400/sup 0/C is the amount of CO that is allowed to enter the reaction pathway. 24 references, 8 tables.
A proximity/contact-force sensor for Human Safety in industrial robot environment (2013)

In this paper, a new approach based on a proximity/contact-force sensor to improve the Human Safety in the Human-Robot cooperative tasks is presented. The sensor is able to detect both the presence of a nearby object and the contact pressure exercised by an external object when a collision occurs. The sensor is interfaced with an ABB industrial robot using only the standard control unit; the standard RAPID primitives are used to define the robot task. The task speed is reduced as soon as an obstacle is detected by the proximity sensing element, while, the robot is stopped when a contact occurs, that is detected by a contact-force sensing element.
The Antimicrobial Defense Mechanism of the Female Urethra: A Reassessment (2002)

The female urethra may provide a favorable environment for colonization by uropathogens but it is protected by a powerful defense mechanism. This mechanism may be explained by the shedding of uropathogens bound to exfoliating urethral cells, trapping of bacteria by mucus secreted by the paraurethral glands, intermittent washout by urine, local production of Ig, cytokines and defensins and mobilization of leukocytes.
The comparative nutritive value of mono‐, Di‐, and triglycerides (1951)

Summary Weanling rats were fed diets containing various pure mono‐, di‐, or triglycerides at a 25% level for 10 weeks. The following results were obtained: Mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides of corresponding fatty acid composition were of equivalent caloric efficiency. The caloric efficiencies of the mono‐ and triglycerides of pure lauric or stearic acid were found to be low. This may have been due wholly or partially to poor absorption. Autopsies and histological examination of the tissues of the animals revealed no abnormalities attributable to the consumption of any of these fats. Appearance of all animals was normal throughout the experiment. The body fat of the animals was the same regardless of the type of glyceride structure fed. However the type of body fat deposited reflected, in part, the fatty acid component of the dietary glyceride. From these results it is concluded that, except for differences in caloric value, mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides of corresponding fatty acid composition, are nutritionally equivalent.