gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the design of social safety nets (1995)

The paper outlines a conceptual framework for use in the design, and assessment of social safety net programs, and allows the comparison of program outcomes, based on country-specific objectives, and constraints. Objectives are divided into four groups; economic growth, concerned with the overall improvement of living standards; political stability, involving the development of political institutions, and reform policy; poverty reduction, concerned with improving the livelihoods of the least well-off members of society; and, distribution issues, addressing income, gender, and ethnic inequalities. The different constraints are identified as: institutional, where adverse initial conditions, weak regulatory structures, and economic instability exist; capacity constraints, where the level, and dispersion of economic income is fiscally tight; governance and politics, where political institutions, the rule of law, and political credibility are inefficient; management, and administrative constraints, where the quantity, and quality of inputs, such as human resources, and physical capital are inappropriate for an efficient management; and, social constraints, where adverse social, gender, and ethnic attitudes prevail.
Data-Aided Fast Beamforming Selection for 5G (2018)

Millimeter wave frequencies paired up with MIMO antennas employing beamforming are seen as critical enablers of next generation networks. However, selecting the most beneficial beamforming weights in a codebook-enabled downlink transmitter is a lengthy task, as the existing methods rely on some form of channel measurement. In fact, if the used codebook is too large, the traditional methods might fail to select an appropriate entry within the channel coherence time. In this paper, a new method to assist the beam selection is proposed, based on data obtained from previous connections. Through the continuous update of the set of optimal codebook entries for each position, the search space required for each connection can be greatly reduced if the user position is known. The simulations performed show that retrieving the sets of codebook entries in single user scenarios required less than 51 ns. For multi-user scenarios, results exceeding 10 simultaneous users using a 16 entry codebook were achieved, requiring less than 600 μs. The obtained results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the beam selection latency and energy requirements, opening the door to powerful millimeter wave networks.
The importance of milk as a source of vitamin B12 for human nutrition (2014)

Among animal products, those from ruminants are particularly rich in vitamin B12, which is naturally synthesized by the ruminal microflora and transferred to milk. Concentrations of vitamin B12 in milk vary considerably and are affected by diet. Dairy products retain, in general, a major part of the vitamin B12 naturally present in milk, some processing conditions may even add to the basal level by production of vitamin B12 from propionic bacterium in Swiss-type cheeses. Intestinal bioavailability of vitamin B12 from milk, regardless of the technological process (raw, pasteurized, or microfiltered) is greater than the synthetic form used in supplements.
Methods and models for the construction of weakly parallel tests (1990)

Methods are proposed for the construction of weakly parallel tests, that is, tests with the same test information function. A mathematical programing model for constructing tests with a prespecified test information function and a heuristic for assigning items to tests such that their information functions are equal play an important role in the methods. The MI and MIDI methods are proposed for constructing tests with a prespecified test information function applying the Minimax model. Similar methods, MAMI and MADI, are provided for construction of a weakly parallel test approximately equal with respect to the Maximin criterion. The four methods were applied on a real item bank of 600 items from college placement mathematics tests (520 items were from 13 previously administered American College Testing Assessment Program tests, and 80 were from the Collegiate Mathematics Placement Program). The numerical examples indicated that the tests were constructed quickly and that the heuristic gave good results. However, the heuristic was not applicable for every set of practical constraints (i.e., constraints with respect to test administration time, test composition, or dependencies between items). Four tables and four graphs present information about the constructed tests.
Photoacoustic testing of ultrasonic air transducers (1994)

The use of sound from laser-induced, dielectric-breakdown-generated transient plasma as a signal for testing ultrasonic air transducer reception response was studied. The test signal takes the form of an acoustic impulse that is caused by the rapidly expanding plasma. The ultrasonic air transducer's receiving response and relative sensitivity can be quickly characterized using this method. The advantages that this method offers are speed and the fact that no calibrated wideband signal source is needed. Therefore it would be suited for fast, on-line mass testing of air ultrasonic transducers.
Emerging technologies in building envelopes (2001)

\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvancements in engineering and space technology are increasingly finding application in buildings. Building envelopes are utilising components of high-technological solutions resulting in better visibility, greater light transmission, increased energy generation and storage capacity, improved shading and ventilation and integration with the external environment. This report summarises several technological advancements and suggests forthcoming directions for building envelope design. Many of the technologies presented here have been invented and developed in Australia, yet are not commonly used by the building construction industry. <br />\n\t\t\t\t
Chagasic Cardiomyopathy Is Independently Associated With Ischemic Stroke in Chagas Disease (2005)

Chagasic cardiomyopathy is independently associated with ischemic stroke, whereas hypercoagulable states do not appear to be major contributors to the excess stroke risk seen in patients with CD.
Microphone array signal processing for far-talking speech recognition (2002)

This paper presents a combined microphone array and model adaptation algorithm for distant speech recognition. We aim at resolving the inconvenience of using a head-mounted/hand-holding microphone in a conventional speech recognizer. To improve the distant speech quality, a linear microphone array is applied and acts as a robust acquisition system. We develop a time-domain coherence measure (TDCM) to precisely detect the time delay of speech signals collected by different microphones. The estimated delay is adopted in a delay-and-sum beamformer for speech enhancement. Further, we adapt the speech hidden Markov models to get close to the acoustic condition of enhanced test speech for robust speech recognition. In acquisition and recognition experiments on connected Chinese digits, we find that TDCM can estimate the time delay as precisely as that calculated assuming the speech source direction is known. Increase of speech sampling rate is helpful to determine time delay. Also, the incorporation of the model adaptation scheme can significantly reduce the recognition errors with moderate computation overhead.
Toward special-purpose program verification (1990)

article Toward special-purpose program verification Share on Author: Paul Eggert Twin Sun Inc., 360 N Sepulveda Bl, El Segundo, CA Twin Sun Inc., 360 N Sepulveda Bl, El Segundo, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering NotesVolume 15Issue 4Sep. 1990 pp 25–29https://doi.org/10.1145/99571.99807Online:01 April 1990Publication History 1citation218DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads218Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Synthesis and biological activity of novel <i>N</i>‐benzoyl‐<i>N</i>‐<i>tert</i>‐butyl‐<i>N</i>′‐(β‐triphenylgermyl)propionylhydrazines (2002)

Abstract A series of new N ‐benzoyl‐ N ‐ tert ‐butyl‐N′‐(β‐triphenylgermyl)propionylhydrazines were synthesized by the condensation reaction of β‐triphenylgermyl propanoic acid with N ‐benzoyl‐ N ‐ tert ‐butylhydrazines in good yields by using N , N ′‐dicyclohexylcorbodiimide as dehydrating agent. These title compounds were evaluated for molting hormone mimicking activity. The results of bioassay showed that the compounds exhibit moderate larvicidal activity, and toxicity assays indicated that the title compounds can induce a premature, abnormal and lethal larval molt. We found that the title compounds possess potential anticancer activities in vitro . Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tirer les réformes vers le haut (2006)

Resumé Les réformes ne sont que des moyens pour atteindre des objectifs. Elles nécessitent pédagogie et recherche d’alliés dans l’action.
Spectral entropy, equivalent bandwidth and minimum coefficient rate (2002)

The minimum coefficient rate and equivalent bandwidth for a stationary random process are developed to motivate using spectral entropy as an activity indicator for adaptive source coding.
Comparison of Sputum Induction with Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (2000)

Many patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) do not produce sputum spontaneously or are smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). We prospectively compared the yield of sputum induction (SI) and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of PTB in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Fifty seven percent (143 of 251) of patients had diagnoses of PTB, of whom 17% (25 of 143) were HIV seropositive. There were no significant differences in the yields of AFB smears or cultures whether obtained via SI or BAL. Among 207 HIV-seronegative patients, the AFB smear and mycobacterial culture results from specimens obtained by SI and BAL were in agreement in 97% (202 of 207) (kappa test = 0.92) and 90% (186 of 207) (kappa test = 0.78), respectively. Among HIV-seropositive patients the agreements between AFB smear and culture results for SI and BAL specimens were 98% (43 of 44) (kappa test = 0.93) and 86% (38 of 44) (kappa test = 0.69), respectively. We conclude that SI is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield and high agreement with the results of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of PTB in both HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive patients.
Influence of the first assistant on abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. (1992)

The hypothesis that the type of first assistant who attends the surgeon influences the course and outcome of graft replacement for abdominal aortic aneurysm was tested. Surgical results were analyzed in 179 consecutive patients (149 men and 30 women; mean age, 69 +/- 7.5 years). All the operations were performed by the author-an experienced surgeon with a practice limited to general vascular surgery. The choice of first assistant was based solely on availability; 110 (61%) patients had a board-certified surgeon as the first assistant and 69 (39%) had an experienced registered nurse as the first assistant. Patients with intact aneurysms undergoing elective surgery were in Group 1, and patients with intact aneurysms undergoing urgent surgery were in Group 2. Group 3 patients included those who had ruptured aneurysms but were hemodynamically stable, and Group 4 patients had ruptured aneurysms and were in shock. The distribution of patients was similar in each first-assistant group, as was the use of straight and bifurcated graft reconstructions, associated visceral procedures, and other adjunctive procedures. The hospital mortality was 4% (6/149) for Group 1 patients, 12% (2/17) for Group 2,20% (1/5) for Group 3, and 50% (4/8) for Group 4 patients. The morbidity and mortality rates were independent of the type of assistant, as were the operative time, blood loss, and adjusted blood transfusion volume. These results suggest that the choice of either an MD-surgeon or an experienced RN as first assistant does not influence the course or outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Sequence-Ordered Segments (2009)

Monodisperse sequence-defined oligomers have been synthesized in solution in the absence of protecting groups. These structures have been prepared stepwise using two consecutive chemoselective reactions: 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes and azides and amidification of carboxylic acids with primary amines. These oligomers were efficiently constructed on either a conventional solid support (commercial Wang resin) or tailor-made soluble polystyrene supports synthesized by atom-transfer radical polymerization. The latter approach was found to be very versatile. Indeed, well-defined soluble macromolecular supports allowed not only the synthesis and cleavage of defined oligomers (i.e., sacrificial support) but also the preparation of noncleavable block copolymers containing sequence-defined segments.
Role of electronic localization in the phosphorescence of iridium sensitizing dyes (2012)

In this work we present a systematic study of three representative iridium dyes, namely, Ir(ppy)(3), FIrpic, and PQIr, which are commonly used as sensitizers in organic optoelectronic devices. We show that electronic correlations play a crucial role in determining the excited-state energies in these systems, due to localization of electrons on Ir d orbitals. Electronic localization is captured by employing hybrid functionals within time-dependent density-functional theory and with Hubbard-model corrections within the Δ-SCF approach. The performance of both methods are studied comparatively and shown to be in good agreement with experiment. The Hubbard-corrected functionals provide further insight into the localization of electrons and on the charge-transfer character of excited-states. The gained insight allows us to comment on envisioned functionalization strategies to improve the performance of these systems. Complementary discussions on the Δ-SCF method are also presented in order to fill some of the gaps in the literature.
Compensating Piezoelectric Effect of Gate Metal and Dielectric Overlayer Stresses on GaAs MESFETs (1987)

The orientation dependence of the threshold voltage V T of GaAs MESFETs before and after passivation with a SiN x overlayer was investigated. [001] and [010] oriented FETs have the same V T which does not change after passivation. [011] and [01̄1] oriented FETs show opposite V T shifts relative to the [001] FETs. The sign of the shift is reversed by passivation. The measured stresses in the gate metal and dielectric overlayer are both tensile. A model of the piezoelectrically induced charges is extended to include the effects of both the gate metal and dielectric overlayer. Using the measured stress values, a good conformity between experimental results and model calculations is obtained. In particular it is demonstrated that the same stress in both layers produces piezoelectric charges of opposite sign in the MESFET channel region.
Gas Detection by Means of Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Ellipsometry (2012)

In dieser Arbeit wurde der Nutzen von Ellipsometrie in Kombination mit Oberflächenplasmonenresonanz an 40 - 50 nm Goldschichten als Sensorsystem für sicherheitstechnisch relevante Gase untersucht. Eine Kretschmann Konguration bestehend aus einem BK7 Glasprisma und einem mit dem Gold beschichteten BK7 Glasplättchen wurde auf einer Kupfermesszelle platziert, durch welche die Gase mit definiertem Volumenstrom geleitet wurden. Untersucht wurden verschiedenste Gase: entzündliche wie Kohlenwasserstoffe und Wasserstoff, oxidierende wie Sauerstoff und Ozon, toxische wie Kohlenmonoxid und inerte wie Helium und Stickstoff. Durch Einstellen eines festen Einfallswinkels und unter Benutzung des ellipsometrischen Parameters Delta als Messgröße konnten geringste Änderungen in der Gasphase detektiert werden. Die reinen Gase konnten anhand ihres Brechungsindexes unterschieden werden, wobei die Änderung der Gasatmosphäre in Delta einen Anstieg bzw. Abfall relativ zum Referenzgas (Luft oder Stickstoff) hervorrief. Die Analytgase wurden mit dem Referenzgas zu kleineren Konzentrationen gemischt und so die Nachweisgrenzen bestimmt, welche im niedrigen %-Bereich lagen. Zur Verbesserung des Sensors bezüglich der Langzeitstabilität wurden die Goldschichten zusätzlich mit 3 - 10 nm anorganischem Material (TiO2, ZrO2, MgF2 bzw. Fe:SnO2) beschichtet. Jede Schicht wurde mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie Rasterkraftmikroskopie untersucht um Aufschluss über die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit zu erhalten. Mittels spektroskopischer Ellipsometrie wurden die optischen Konstanten sowie die Schichtdicken bestimmt. Alle Zusatzschichten schützten die Goldschicht vor unerwünschten Kontaminationen und verlängerten so die Lebensdauer des Sensors. Außerdem konnten die Nachweisgrenzen deutlich verbessert werden, welche mit den Zusatzschichten im unteren ppm-Bereich lagen. Eine besondere Eigenschaft konnte bei Fe:SnO2 beobachtet werden: durch die Eisendotierung ist das Material besonders sensitiv gegenüber dem giftigen Gas Kohlenstomonoxid, so dass Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm nachgewiesen werden konnten. Im Hinblick auf eine zukünftige industrielle Nutzung wurde dieses Sensorsystem an ein handelsübliches Rohr montiert, um so Puls- sowie Druckmessungen durchzuführen. Die potentiell ablaufenden Mechanismen an der Sensoroberfläche und denkbare zukünftige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten wurden diskutiert. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass Ellipsometrie in Kombination mit Oberflächenplasmonenresonanz als sensitive, schnelle Sensormethode zur Gasmessung genutzt werden kann und dass das Potenzial zu einer industriellen Nutzung gegeben ist.
Toward a Framework for CSCL Research (2013)

Although collaborative learning, often supported by computer networks (widely called computer-supported collaborative learning, or CSCL) is currently being implemented at all levels of education, it has not always proven to be the wonder-tool that educators envisioned and has often not lived up to the high expectations that educators had for it. In this introduction to the special issue on CSCL, a framework for research on CSCL is presented. This framework is presented in the form of a 3 × 3 × 3 cube, with the dimensions Level of Learning (cognitive, social, and motivational), Unit of Learning (individual, group/team, and community) and Pedagogical Measures (interactive, representational, and guiding). Based on this framework, the different contributions are discussed, and the empty cells—which should form the basis for further theoretical research—become evident.
Modality, perceptual encoding speed, and time-course of phonetic information. (1999)

This study examined the perceptual processing of time-gated auditory-visual (AV), auditory (A), and visual (V) spoken words. The primary goal was to assess the extent to which stimulus information versus perceptual processing limitations underlie modality-related perceptual encoding speed differences in AV, A, and V spoken word recognition. Another goal was to add to the scant literature on the comparative time-course of phonetic information in AV, A, and V spoken words [1]. In terms of duration of speech signal required for accurate word identification, it was found that AV<A<V. For individual word stimuli, there were strong predictive relations between unimodal encoding speed and gating measures. Perceptual encoding of V words is slower than predicted based on stimulus information alone.
Ruimtelijke ordening op grensoverschrijdend niveau, noot onder Rechtbank Maastricht, 11 maart 2008 (2008)

Een Belgische gemeente kan als belanghebbende worden beschouwd om een schorsing te vragen bij de Voorzieningenrechter van een besluit genomen door een Nederlands bestuursorgaan. De Burgemeester en Wethouders hebben de bevoegdheid om in het kader van het afleveren van een tijdelijke bouwvergunning een afwijking op het bestemmingsplan toe te staan. De initiatiefnemer moet de tijdelijkheid aan de hand van concrete en objectieve criteria aannemelijk maken. In huidige zaak slaagt de initiatiefnemer daar alsnog niet in en kon bijgevolg de gemeente Maastricht geen afwijking toestaan.
Multiple mixed-level HDL generation from schematics for ASIC design (2002)

Presents the development of an ASIC CAE tool which automatically generates the multiple mixed-level hardware description language (VHDL/Verilog) from the schematic capture system. In order to support the multi-level design abstraction, the schematic capture system in this paper is extended to accept both the schematic drawings and the text as an input. The graphical and textual inputs are mixed within the schematics to generate the mixed-level VHDL/Verilog output code. An intermediate data structure based on the abstract syntax tree has been defined and used during the generation process. The data structure provides a great deal of flexibility. The tool helps ASIC designer to capture any level of design abstraction by using the schematic capture system which he/she is familiar with.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solitons in Magnetic Flux Tubes (1983)

The highly inhomogeneous nature of the solar atmosphere leads us to suggest that solitons may occur in magnetic structures such as coronal loops or photospheric flux tubes. The theory is outlined for the simple case of a magnetic slab in a field-free atmosphere and shown to lead to the Benjamin-Ono equation.
The Under Side—A Hospital and a Hostel (1915)

Essay| October 01 1915 The Under Side—A Hospital and a Hostel Arnold Bennett Arnold Bennett Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1915) 3 (1): 126–128. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1915.3.1.126 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Arnold Bennett; The Under Side—A Hospital and a Hostel. Current History 1 October 1915; 3 (1): 126–128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1915.3.1.126 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1915 by The Regents of the University of California1915 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.