gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density Filter (2006)

A new recursive algorithm is proposed for jointly estimating the time-varying number of targets and their states from a sequence of observation sets in the presence of data association uncertainty, detection uncertainty, noise, and false alarms. The approach involves modelling the respective collections of targets and measurements as random finite sets and applying the probability hypothesis density (PHD) recursion to propagate the posterior intensity, which is a first-order statistic of the random finite set of targets, in time. At present, there is no closed-form solution to the PHD recursion. This paper shows that under linear, Gaussian assumptions on the target dynamics and birth process, the posterior intensity at any time step is a Gaussian mixture. More importantly, closed-form recursions for propagating the means, covariances, and weights of the constituent Gaussian components of the posterior intensity are derived. The proposed algorithm combines these recursions with a strategy for managing the number of Gaussian components to increase efficiency. This algorithm is extended to accommodate mildly nonlinear target dynamics using approximation strategies from the extended and unscented Kalman filters.
Novel 3D Electrospun Scaffolds with Fibers Oriented Randomly and Evenly in Three Dimensions to Closely Mimic the Unique Architectures of Extracellular Matrices in Soft Tissues: Fabrication and Mechanism Study (2013)

In this work, novel electrospun scaffolds with fibers oriented randomly and evenly in three dimensions (3D) including in the thickness direction were developed based on the principle of electrostatic repulsion. This unique structure is different from most electrospun scaffolds with fibers oriented mainly in one direction. The structure of novel 3D scaffolds could more closely mimic the 3D randomly oriented fibrous architectures in many native extracellular matrices (ECMs). The cell culture results of this study indicated that, instead of becoming flattened cells when cultured in conventional electrospun scaffolds, the cells cultured on novel 3D scaffolds could develop into stereoscopic topographies, which highly simulated in vivo 3D cellular morphologies and are believed to be of vital importance for cells to function and differentiate appropriately. Also, due to the randomly oriented fibrous structure, improvement of nearly 5 times in cell proliferation could be observed when comparing our 3D scaffolds with 2D counterparts after 7 days of cell culture, while most currently reported 3D scaffolds only showed 1.5- to 2.5-fold improvement for the similar comparison. One mechanism of this fabrication process has also been proposed and showed that the rapid delivery of electrons on the fibers was the crucial factor for formation of 3D architectures.
<title>Fast steering mirror performance measurements</title> (1993)

A large-aperture, reactionless Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) is described and modeled, and performance data are presented. The FSM optical element is 24 cm in diameter and is capable of +/- 3 mrad angular stroke in both azimuth and elevation. Dedicated position sensors provide feedback to enable two-axis closed-loop operation at frequencies greater than 1 kHz. The system is modeled as a set of coupled differential equations, from which performance predictions can be made. The performance of the system is presented in terms of spectral power consumption, spectral reaction attenuation, and closed-loop behavior. Closed-loop performance is characterized in terms of open-loop, closed-loop, and error attenuation transfer functions. Comparison to predictions from the dynamic model are made where applicable.
Retrieval blocks in episodic and semantic memory. (1982)

A retrieval block refers to impaired accessibility in retrieving target information when semantically related information is presented (or retrieved) prior to target retrieval. Research concerning retrieval blocks is reviewed in this paper. Evidence for such blocks occurs in a variety of situations, including both episodic and semantic memory tasks. Retrieval blocks have been most thoroughly studied in the part-list cuing paradigm in episodic recall, but similar principles seem to operate in other situations including the A-B, A-D interference paradigm, episodic recognition, the tipof-the tongue situation, and other semantic memory tasks. The evidence for such retrieval blocks is problematic for theories postulating automatic spreading activation among associated nodes in memory. We review theories accounting for such retrieval blocks and discuss difficulties with the various approaches. Further research on the nature of retrieval blocks may help illuminate similar phenomena, such as the effects of Einstellung in thinking and problem solving. R£SUME Revue de documentation sur les bloquages du processus de recouvrement. II y a bloquage du recouvrement lorsque I'acces a une information cible est diminue par la presentation (ou le recouvrement), avant le recouvrement de la cible, d'une information qui lui est semantiquement reliee. De tels bloquages existent dans une variete de situations reliees aux memoires episodique et semantique. Bien que ces bloquages aient ete etudies de maniere plus approfondie par I'intermediaire du paradigme des indices de liste partielle dans le rappel episodique, des principes analogues semblent etre a I'oeuvre dans d'autres situations telles que I'interference A-B, A-D, la recognition episodique, les situations de 'motssur-le-bout-de-la-langue et d'autres taches de memoire semantique. L'existence de tels blocages fait probleme aux theories qui postulent une propagation automatique de I'activation a travers les differents noeuds associatifs de la memoire. La revue porte sur les theories qui rendent compte de tels bloquages du recouvrement et la discussion touche aux difficultes soulevees par diverses perspectives. De plus amples recherches sur la nature de ces bloquages pourront aider a la comprehension de phenomenes analogues tei I'effet d'Einstellung dans les situations de resolution de problemes. Retrieval blocks refer to experiences in which target information available in the memory store is temporarily blocked from retrieval by the retrieval of *The writing of this paper and some of the research reported here was supported by Grant ROI HD15054 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Address reprint requests to Henry L Roediger, III, Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A.
Biological Control of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Cyclamen with <i>Ulocladium atrum</i> and <i>Gliocladium roseum</i> Under Commercial Growing Conditions (1998)

ABSTRACT The effect of treatments with conidial suspensions of Ulocladium atrum and Gliocladium roseum on leaf rot of cyclamen caused by Botrytis cinerea was investigated under commercial greenhouse conditions. Spraying U. atrum (1 x 10(6) conidia per ml) or G. roseum (2 x 10(6) conidia per ml and 1 x 10(7) conidia per ml) at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks during the production period and spraying U. atrum (1 x 10(6) conidia per ml) at intervals of 4 to 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of natural infections of petioles by B. cinerea. U. atrum or G. roseum (1 x 10(7)conidia per ml) was as effective as the standard fungicide program. B. cinerea colonized senesced leaves within the plant canopy and infected adjacent petioles and leaves later. The antagonists colonized senesced leaves and reduced B. cinerea development on these leaves. Thus, the inoculum potential on petioles adjacent to necrotic leaf tissues was reduced. The fate of U. atrum conidia on surfaces of green cyclamen leaves during a 70-day period after application was studied. The number of conidia per square centimeter of leaf surface remained relatively constant during the entire experiment. Sixty percent of the conidia sampled during the experiments retained the ability to germinate. When green leaves were removed from the plants to induce senescence and subsequently were incubated in a moist chamber, U. atrum colonized the dead leaves. Senesced leaves also were colonized by other naturally occurring fungi including B. cinerea. On leaves treated with U. atrum from all sampling dates, sporulation of B. cinerea was significantly less as compared with the untreated control. Our results indicate that early applications of U. atrum before canopy closure may be sufficient to achieve commercially satisfactory control of Botrytis leaf rot in cyclamen.
Disease Location, Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibody, and NOD2/CARD15 Genotype Influence the Progression of Disease Behavior in Crohn’s Disease (2004)

The progression of disease type in CD is associated with the need for more frequent surgery. Rapid progression is associated with ileal disease and positive ASCA, and delayed progression is associated with variant NOD2/CARD15 alleles. Consideration should be given to a separate Vienna classification for perianal disease.
Multi-Sensor Person Following in Low-Visibility Scenarios (2010)

Person following with mobile robots has traditionally been an important research topic. It has been solved, in most cases, by the use of machine vision or laser rangefinders. In some special circumstances, such as a smoky environment, the use of optical sensors is not a good solution. This paper proposes and compares alternative sensors and methods to perform a person following in low visibility conditions, such as smoky environments in firefighting scenarios. The use of laser rangefinder and sonar sensors is proposed in combination with a vision system that can determine the amount of smoke in the environment. The smoke detection algorithm provides the robot with the ability to use a different combination of sensors to perform robot navigation and person following depending on the visibility in the environment.
Influence of Movement and Temperature on the Corrosion of Mild Steel IV. Inhibition by sodium metaphosphate glass (1971)

AbstractAbstractA study has been made of the influence of small additions of sodium metaphosphate glass (a sodium polyphosphate) on the corrosion of mild steel in a solution of 25 ppm sodium chloride at flow velocities of 1·2, 20 and 200 cm/sec. The inhibitor efficiency is found to depend on the concentration, the rate of flow and the presence of small concentrations of calcium ion. Small additions of metaphosphate glass can actually stimulate corrosion of mild steel at low flow velocities in the absence of calcium although in the presence of cqlcium they have a small but beneficial effect. The efficiency of inhibition increases with increase in flow velocity.The inhibition is produced by a visible film largely of a colloidal nature the amount of product becoming smaller when the corrosion rate is lowered. Potential measurements have shown that polyphosphate acts mainly as an anodic inhibitor in the absence of calcium and as a cathodic inhibitor in its presence. Stimulation can occur owing to the complexing power of metaphosphate glass and its depolarising action at the anode.
Benefits of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2013)

Studies to date show that TDM significantly increases the rate of clinical efficacy and decreases the rate of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with vancomycin.
Types of Reaction of Carboxylic Esters with Grignard Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTypes of Reaction of Carboxylic Esters with Grignard Reagents1Charles R. Hauser, Passie O. Saperstein, and Joseph C. ShiversCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 2, 606–608Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01182a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01182a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views684Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiband microstrip antenna (1980)

Compact antenna transmits and receives elliptically and circularly polarized radiation. Antenna consists of layers of elliptical disks separated by dielectric substrates. Each disk operates at frequency determined by its size and dielectric constant of substrate. Individual frequency bands can be made to overlap, to yield single broadband antenna. Standard microstrip techniques are used to build it.
A fast, robust, and accurate operator splitting method for the crystal growth simulation (2009)

In this paper, a fast, robust, and accurate operator splitting method for the crystal growth simulation of binary alloy solidification both in 2D and 3D is present. The proposed method is based on operator splitting techniques and well described by four numerical solutions. We present numerical experiments for crystal simulation to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Burkholderia unamae sp. nov., an N2-fixing rhizospheric and endophytic species (2004)

It was shown recently that the genus Burkholderia is rich in N2-fixing bacteria that are associated with plants. A group of these diazotrophic isolates with identical or very similar 16S rDNA restriction patterns [designated amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) genotypes 13, 14 and 15] was selected and a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed, which included new isolates that were recovered from rhizospheres, rhizoplanes or internal tissues of maize, sugarcane and coffee plants. Morphological, physiological and biochemical features, as well as multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis profiles and whole-cell protein patterns, of 20 strains were analysed. In addition, analysis of cellular fatty acid profiles, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments were performed with representative strains. The taxonomic data indicated that the strains analysed belong to a novel diazotrophic Burkholderia species, for which the name Burkholderia unamae sp. nov. is proposed. Strain MTl-641T (=ATCC BAA-744T=CIP 107921T), isolated from the rhizosphere of maize, was designated as the type strain. B. unamae was found as an endophyte of plants grown in regions with climates ranging from semi-hot subhumid to hot humid, but not from plants grown in regions with semi-hot or hot dry climates. Moreover, B. unamae was isolated from rhizospheres and plants growing in soils with pH values in the range 4.5-7.1, but not from soils with pH values higher than 7.5.
Stretched to the limit. (1991)

Everyone agrees that junior doctors work excessively long hours. The difficulty has been finding a solution to the problem within staffing limits. Penelope Dash and Angela Jones set out two ways to stretch the human resources available to make best use of them.
Hyaluronan: From Biomimetic to Industrial Business Strategy (2011)

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide of a linear repeating disaccharide unit consisting of beta-(1-->4)-linked D-glucopyranuronic acid and beta-(1-->3)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, which is present in extracellular matrices, the synovial fluid of joints, and scaffolding that comprises cartilage. In its mechanism of synthesis, its size, and its physico-chemical properties, hyaluronan is unique amongst other glycosaminoglycans. The network-forming, viscoelastic and its charge characteristics are important to many biochemical properties of living tissues. It is an important pericellular and cell surface constituent; its interaction with other macromolecules such as proteins, participates in regulating cell behavior during numerous morphogenic, restorative, and pathological processes in the body. The knowledge of HA in diseases such as various forms of cancers, arthritis and osteoporosis has led to new impetus in research and development in the preparation of biomaterials for surgical implants and drug conjugates for targeted delivery. A concise and focused review on hyaluronan is timely. This review will cover the following important aspects of hyaluronan: (i) biological functions and synthesis in nature; (ii) current industrial production and potential biosynthetic processes of hyaluronan; (iii) chemical modifications of hyaluronan leading to products of commercial significance; and (iv) and the global market position and manufacturers of hyaluronan.
Photoconduction in Germanium and Silicon (1955)

Germanium and silicon are probably the two best known of all of the semiconductors. Their electronic properties have been studied in great detail both theoretically and experimentally. The reason for this is that these two materials are of such great practical importance for transistors and rectifiers. Perhaps less generally appreciated is the fact that both of these materials are excellent photoconductors. Their intrinsic response extends through the entire visible spectrum into the near infrared. When doped with appropriate foreign atoms and operated at low temperatures, these materials are very effective impurity photoconductors with response extending into the far infrared portions of the spectrum.
A 10–Gb/s clock recovery circuit with linear phase detector and coupled two–stage ring oscillator (2002)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a 10-Gb/s clock recovery circuit. This clock recovery circuit utilizes a novel half-rate linear phase detector. The voltage-controlled oscillator within the system consists of two two-stage ring oscillators which are coupled to each other and oscillate with the same frequency and a phase shift of 45 degrees. This coupled two-stage ring can osciliate in the frequency range of 3-11GHz The proposed clock recovery system is fabricated in a CMOS 0.18µm technology. The circuit dissipates 120mW power from a 1.8V power supply. The RMS jitter of the recovered clock is 2ps. The effective size of the layout is 250µm × 300µm.
MultiLoc2: integrating phylogeny and Gene Ontology terms improves subcellular protein localization prediction (2009)

MultiLoc2 is an extensive high-performance subcellular protein localization prediction system. By incorporating phylogenetic profiles and Gene Ontology terms MultiLoc2 yields higher accuracies compared to its previous version. Moreover, it outperforms other prediction systems in two benchmarks studies. MultiLoc2 is available as user-friendly and free web-service, available at: http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Services/MultiLoc2.
From Seismic Stratigraphy to Seismic Sedimentology: A Sensible Transition (2001)

ABSTRACT The concept of seismic stratigraphy was developed during the 1970's based on 2-D seismic technology. Utilizing reflection terminations, configurations, and external forms interpreted from multiple seismic profiles, geologists could analyze seismic facies within depositional sequence boundaries and infer regional-scale depositional environments and depositional history. Three-dimensional seismic data provide spatially dense, high-resolution, horizontal reflection patterns for improving seismic facies analysis and make seismic sedimentology a reality. A step beyond seismic stratigraphy, seismic sedimentology is the study of depositional facies, lithology, and architecture by using the relationships between spatial reflection patterns and the morphology of depositional systems. A major obstacle facing seismic interpreters used to be their inability to pick reservoir-scale depositional surfaces on vertical seismic profiles. This problem has been largely resolved by a technique called stratal slicing. Stratal slicing tries to pick depositional surfaces by proportionally slicing between two reference seismic events. Stratal slices from two 3-D seismic volumes in Louisiana illustrate that seismic sedimentology can significantly improve seismic facies analysis by (1) reducing ambiguity in seismic facies and lithologic interpretation; (2) increasing vertical resolution from the third-order sequence (100 m) to the reservoir (10 m) level; and (3) helping identify reservoir-scale depositional architecture.
The maturation of the inner membrane of foetal rat liver mitochondria. An example of a positive-feedback mechanism (1975)

A new method was devised for the isolation of foetal and neonatal rat lvier mitochondria, giving higher yields than conventional methods. 2. During development from the perinatal period to the mature adult, the ratio of cytochrome oxidase/succinate-cytochrome c reductase changes. 3. The inner mitochondrial membrane of foetal liver mitochondria possesses virtually no osmotic activity; the permeability to sucrose decreases with increasing developmental age. 4. Foetal rat liver mitochondria possess only marginal respiratory control and do not maintain Ca2+-induced respiration; they also swell in respiratory-control medium in the absence of substrate. ATP enhances respiratory control and prevents swelling, adenylyl imidodiphosphate, ATP+atractyloside enhance the R.C.I. (respiratory control index), Ca2+-induced respiratory control and prevent swelling, whereas GTP and low concentrations of ADP have none of these actions. It is concluded that the effect of ATP depends on steric interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane. 5. When 1-day pre-partum foetuses are obtained by Caesarean section and maintained in a Humidicrib for 90 min, mitochondrial maturation is "triggered", so that their R.C.I. is enhanced and no ATP is required to support Ca2+-dependent respiratory control or to inhibit mitochondrial swelling. 6. It is concluded that foetal rat liver mitochondria in utero do not respire, although they are capable of oxidative phosphorylation in spite of their low R.C.I. The different environmental conditions which the neonatal rat encounters ex utero enable the hepatic mitochondria to produce ATP, which interacts with the inner mitochondrial membrane to enhance oxidative phosphorylation by an autocatalytic mechanism.
CYP2D6 phenotype and the metabolism of nicotine and cotinine (1996)

That CYP2D6 activity is an important determinant of nicotine metabolism and that people who have abnormal CYP2D6 genes are poor metabolizers of nicotine has been reported in the medical literature. The aim of this study was to assess the role of CYP2D6 in nicotine metabolism. Specifically, we compared the clearance of stable isotope-labelled nicotine and cotinine in 11 poor and 33 extensive metabolizers of dextromethorphan, a probe for CYP2D6 activity. The groups were matched by gender, age and ethnicity. Nicotine and cotinine kinetics were quite similar for cases and controls. These data suggest that CYP2D6 is not a major isozyme for the metabolism of nicotine or cotinine.