gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Structural Flexibility on Flapping Wing Propulsion (2009)

Abstract : The influence of structural deformations on the aerodynamic response of a flapping wing configuration was examined using Navier-Stokes based simulation. Two deformation modes, torsion and bending, were considered for an elastic axis along the leading edge of the wing. Both deformation modes influence the velocity and acceleration profile of the wing surface, altering the unsteady aerodynamic phenomena produced by the dynamic wing motion. The spanwise feathering rotation, or torsional response, alters the motion of the wing near the wing root. This variation in the acceleration profile influences the non-circulatory aerodynamic response and the local wake structures produced near the wing root during pronation and supination. Increased lifting forces and enhanced aerodynamic efficiencies were observed for a moderate increase in torsional exibility. Peak bending deformations near the wing tip also occur during pronation and supination, altering the velocity and acceleration profiles of the wing as the circulatory aerodynamic phenomena undergo a transition as the wing changes direction of motion. Because of the timing of the bending deformations, small tip deformations may have a significant influence on overall aerodynamic performance.
Effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) treatment on expression of Fc receptor (FcRn) and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mRNA in adult sheep tissues. (2004)

The MPA exhibited immunomodulatory effects in the liver and ileum of treated sheep. Its possible immunosuppressive effects may be explained by lowering the level of FcRn expression in the liver, which resulted in a lower IgG serum-to-bile transport. However, MPA showed stimulatory effects on pIgR expression in the liver and ileum, suggesting good IgA and IgM transport in these tissues.
Estimating the arrival times of photon-limited laser pulses in shot and speckle noise conditions (1986)

In many laser ranging applications, the random pulse distortions caused by time-resolved shot and speckle noise can seriously degrade the receiver accuracy. With mode-locked laser pulses, targets such as the ocean, terrain features, and man-made satellites contribute a considerable range spread to the return pulse. For applications such as remote surface pressure measurement1,2 and millimeter-level satellite laser ranging,3 picosecond timing accuracies are required with pulses which can be many nanoseconds wide. Optimum timing algorithms are of considerable importance in these cases.
Electronmicroscopic Study on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Radiotherapy Cases. (1995)

We examined the ultrastructures of the tongue squamous cell carcinomas which received radiotherapy and compared the metastatic cases with the non-metastatic cases. The results were as follows: 1. The non-metastatic cases were clinically T1N0 or T2N0 and histologically Grade I or II of the WHO classification. Electronmicroscopic observation of these cases revealed that numerous microvilli and a small number of desmosomes were found and the cell attachment seemed to be weak. These findings were different from those of the non-metastatic cases which received surgery. 2. In the metastatic cases of which the primary lesions were controlled, microvilli were not developed and a number of desmosomes were shown as compared with those in the non-metastatic cases. However, cell atypia and dispersion of the nuclear chromatin were clearly recognized.
Rifaximin Chaser Following Standard Therapeutic Cocktail for Breaking the Cycle of Multiple C. difficile Diarrhea Recurrences (2006)

Purpose: Recurrent C difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) after metronidazole or vancomycin treatment is common. About 20% patients experience at least one recurrence and some patients have multiple recurrences (mCDAD). As an empiric strategy to interrupt CDAD recurrence after treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole, we used rifaximin, a non-absorbed, semisynthetic rifamycin antibiotic, currently approved for treating non-invasive travelers' diarrhea.We postulated rifaximin may be effective due to its high in vitro activity against C difficile, high fecal concentrations after oral administration, and low relapse rates in the hamster model of CDAD. Methods: Seven mCDAD patients agreed to an empiric strategy of rifaximin as a 'chaser' following their last vancomycin course. Oral rifaximin (400 to 800 mg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses for 2 weeks) was administered immediately after a suppressive course of vancomycin, before symptom recurrence. Rifaximin in vitro susceptibility was done on two isolates from one patient before and after rifaximin treatment. Results: Patients were all women, aged 44 to 82 years who had between 5 and 7 CDAD episodes over a 5 to 14 month period. They had received multiple courses of metronidazole (N = 7), vancomycin (N = 7), and vancomycin in combination with rifampin (N = 3) or S. boulardii (N = 3). During follow-up (ranging from 2 to 12 months), 6 patients had no further CDAD episodes. One patient had a brief diarrhea episode 10 days after completing the rifaximin course; after a second course of rifaximin, she had no subsequent diarrhea. A C difficile isolate from this patient after the second rifaximin course, while she was asymptomatic, was identical to her pre-treatment isolate by restriction endonuclease analysis typing. Despite clinical resolution of mCDAD, the MIC of the second isolate (MIC>256) was markedly higher than the pre-treatment isolate (MIC = 0.0078). Conclusions: Although potential development of post-treatment resistance needs further study, mCDAD recurrence was interrupted in all 7 patients using rifaximin for an off-label indication following standard CDAD therapy. Further controlled studies of this approach and those to elucidate the mechanism of this effect, such as the relative effect of rifaximin on the indigenous bowel flora, are warranted.
Synthesis of Chiral Helical Poly(hydroxyl-containing phenylacetylene) Membranes by in-Situ Depinanylsilylation and Their Enantioselective Permeabilities (2005)

Two new chiral helical poly(hydroxyl-containing phenylacetylene) membranes without the coexistence of any other chiral moieties were prepared in the following manner: (1) synthesis and homo- or copolymerization of two new chiral pinanylsiloxy-containing phenylacetylenes, (2) preparation of self-supporting membranes from the (co)poly(chiral pinanylsiloxy-containing phenylacetylene)s by a solvent-casting technique, and (3) depinanylsilylation of the preformed polymer membranes in situ. Complete depinanylsilylation was successfully achieved by treating with trifluoroacetic acid. The resulting membranes exhibited circular dichroism despite the absence of the chiral substituents, a fact indicating that the main chains of the polymers retained their chiral helicity. This is the first method to synthesizing such chiral poly(phenylacetylene) membranes. Since the membranes maintained their self-supporting properties, we were able to use them as enantioselective separation membranes in the permeation of an aqueous solution of a racemate. As a result, the importance of the contribution of the chiral main chain on enantioselective permeation was directly confirmed for the first time. In addition, since some of the depinanylsilylated membranes were insoluble in organic solvents, we could use them as an separation membrane for a toluene solution of a racemate.
Stability of zonisamide in extemporaneously compounded oral suspensions (2009)

An extemporaneously prepared simple-syrup suspension of zonisamide was stable for at least 28 days when stored at room temperature or under refrigeration. An extemporaneously prepared methylcellulose suspension of zonisamide was stable for 28 days when stored under refrigeration and for 7 days when stored at room temperature.
Intestinal Absorption of Manganese: An in vitro Study (1993)

Our work on isolated rat intestine aimed at studying the hypothesis that the intestinal transport of manganese was carrier-mediated and, consequently, subjected to saturation. Our results confirm this hypothesis, assessing the concentration of carrier saturation for manganese at 0.5 mM. As this concentration, which may determine self-limitation in the intestinal absorption of this metal, is much higher than the maximal allowed concentration of the EEC Standard (50 mg/l), food and water should be carefully monitored for their manganese content in order to avoid reaching toxic concentrations in blood and tissues.
Modeling the physics of storm surges (2008)

Despite the potentially catastrophic consequences of storm surges, the physics of surge generation and propagation has historically been poorly understood, and many misconceptions about surges still exist.
Testosterone-induced acne fulminans in twins with Kallmann's syndrome (2014)

Acne fulminans is a rare and severe form of acne characterized by the development of painful and inflammatory nodules on the face, chest, and back. Systemic signs are associated with the onset, including fever, chills, and musculoskeletal pain. Erythema nodosum, liver or spleen enlargement, myositis, or aseptic bone involvement have been reported more rarely. Its etiology remains unknown. It is assumed that a strong activation of the cutaneous innate immunity induced by Propionibacterium acnes antigens could be involved.
Development of Rough Terrain Mobile Robot Using Connected Crawler -Derivation of Sub-optimal Number of Crawler Stages (2008)

Development of Rough Terrain Mobile Robot Using Connected Crawler -Derivation of Sub-optimal Number of Crawler Stages
Crystal Structure and Nonhomologous End-joining Function of the Ligase Component of Mycobacterium DNA Ligase D (2006)

DNA ligase D (LigD) is a large polyfunctional enzyme involved in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) in mycobacteria. LigD consists of a C-terminal ATP-dependent ligase domain fused to upstream polymerase and phosphoesterase modules. Here we report the 2.4 angstroms crystal structure of the ligase domain of Mycobacterium LigD, captured as the covalent ligase-AMP intermediate with a divalent metal in the active site. A chloride anion on the protein surface coordinated by the ribose 3'-OH and caged by arginine and lysine side chains is a putative mimetic of the 5'-phosphate at a DNA nick. Structure-guided mutational analysis revealed distinct requirements for the adenylylation and end-sealing reactions catalyzed by LigD. We found that a mutation of Mycobacterium LigD that ablates only ligase activity results in decreased fidelity of NHEJ in vivo and a strong bias of mutagenic events toward deletions instead of insertions at the sealed DNA ends. This phenotype contrasts with the increased fidelity of double-strand break repair in deltaligD cells or in a strain in which only the polymerase function of LigD is defective. We surmise that the signature error-prone quality of bacterial NHEJ in vivo arises from a dynamic balance between the end-remodeling and end-sealing steps.
Hafnium or Zirconium High-k Fab Cross-Contamination Issues (2004)

Hf and Zr contamination during immersion in process solutions is most likely to occur in neutral and caustic solutions. Both Hf and Zr contamination are introduced onto the wafer surface if they are present in an ammonium hydroxide peroxide mixture solution (which is caustic), but such contamination is removed using existing acid cleans. Large amounts of wafer-to-wafer cross contamination occurs in plasma etch tools. Particles can cause cross contamination in a thermal reactor during high-temperature anneals of high-k dielectric layers. Residual surface cross contamination does not diffuse into the wafers during thermal processing. If contamination remains on a wafer, gate oxide integrity degradation is only observed at high concentrations. Near surface minority carrier lifetime is also affected, but bulk lifetime is not.
Measurement of birefringence dispersion in optical fiber using a method of white-light spectral interferometry (2004)

A white-light spectral interferometric method is used to measure directly the dispersion of the group modal birefringences for LP/sub 01/ and LP/sub 11/ spatial modes in elliptical-core fiber over a wide wavelength range. We employ a low-resolution spectrometer at the output of a tandem configuration of a Michelson interferometer and an optical fiber under test to record the spectral interference fringes resolved only in the vicinity of the so-called equalization wavelength. The spectral dependences of the group modal birefringences for LP/sub 01/ and LP/sub 11/ modes are measured directly by determining the equalization wavelength as a function of the path difference in the interferometer. Moreover, we showed that the spectral dependences of the phase modal birefringences for LP/sub 01/ and LP/sub 11/ modes can be determined by applying a polynomial approximation of the measurement results.
Blending a coking charge on the basis of a comprehensive coal property index (1985)

Coal suitability for high-grade blast-furnace coke production is indicated by a recently-devised index based on the difference between the temperature of maximum rate of loss of plastic mass and the temperature of solidification of plastic mass. The optimum range of values for the index is -20 to +5 C. The Yasinovka coking plant charge index of -21 C fell outside this range, but Pechora and Karaganda coals with indices of -16 and -8C respectively lay within the range. Semi-commercial scale tests showed an improved charge composition with higher Karaganda coal content. The M/sub 25/ index of the coke was increased by 3.8% and the M/sub 10/ by 2.5%.
Abstract 15817: Impact of Contact Force Visualization on Tissue to Catheter Contact Force During Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2013)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of contact force visualization on the tissue to myocardial contact force (CF) during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures Methods: In 80 patients with atrial fibrillation, CF was assessed during circumferential PVI using a commercially available CF catheter in combination with a 3D electroanatomic mapping system. Operators were blinded to CF during the procedure in Group-A (35 pts) and CF was displayed to the operators in Group-B (45 pts). The catheter was maintained in a stable position for at least 30 seconds during ablation. Optimal CF was defined as mean CF of 10-40g which was also the target range for Group-B. Data from the first 30 seconds of each radiofrequency application were analyzed according to 6 predefined segments for the ipsilateral PVs (Figure ). Results: PVI was successfully achieved in all patients. A total of 2436 applications were analyzed. Although overall mean CF was similar in both groups (18.2g vs. 19.0g, p=0.40), th...
Use and effectiveness of a fixed‐ratio combination of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) in a real‐world population with type 2 diabetes: Results from a European, multicentre, retrospective chart review study (2017)

In real-world practice, after 6 months and at a moderate dose, IDegLira resulted in substantial reductions in HbA1c and body weight, with a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia.
The Electrical Conductivities and the Structural Properties of Molten PbCl[sub 2]-PbS Mixtures (1966)

The specific conductivities of molten lead chloride‐lead sulfide mixtures have been determined. On the addition of the sulfide to the chloride the conductivity decreases initially and then increases as electronic conductance sets in at about 35 mole % sulfide. The conductivity in this region is characterized by temperature independent activation energies, typical of semiconductiye behavior. The electronic conduction in this system is analyzed on the basis that the melts are intrinsic semiconductors. The solubilities of lead in lead chloride, and in lead chloride‐lead sulfide melts up to 50 mole % sulfide were determined. The electrical conductivities of these solutions were also investigated. It is found that the activation energies for electronic conduction in the melts containing added metal change by only a very small amount, indicating that the added metal is not acting as are electron donor.
Tailoring the Selectivity for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on Ruthenium Oxides by Zinc Substitution (2010)

Kontrollierter Gasausstoß gelang durch Anpassen der Selektivität eines oxidischen Elektrokatalysators für Sauerstoff und Chlor entwickelnde Reaktionen. Der Einbau von Zn in die Rutil-Struktur von RuO2 (siehe Bild: O rot, Cl grün, Zn blau, Ru weiß) verändert die Kationenabfolge in [001]-Richtung und modifiziert so die Struktur der aktiven Zentren für beide Gas entwickelnden Prozesse. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nanocomposites of Chitin Whiskers from <i>Riftia</i> Tubes and Poly(caprolactone) (2002)

Nanocomposite materials were obtained from a colloidal suspension of high aspect ratio β chitin whiskers as the reinforcing phase and poly(caprolactone) as the matrix. The chitin whiskers, prepared by acid hydrolysis of Riftia tubes, consisted of slender parallelepiped rods with an aspect ratio close to 120. A procedure was optimized to prepare a latex of poly(caprolactone). After mixing and stirring the two aqueous suspensions, solid films were obtained by either freeze-drying and hot-pressing or casting and evaporating the preparations. An amorphous poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) latex was also used as a model matrix. The thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting films were evaluated. The reinforcing effect of chitin whiskers is discussed on the basis of different types of mechanical models, and it is concluded that these whiskers form a rigid network assumed to be governed by a percolation mechanism. The formation of this network allows the thermal stabilization of the material for temperatures higher than the melting temperature of the poly(caprolactone).
Boost-Phase Defense Against Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (2004)

An American Physical Society study concludes that disabling ICBMs before they release their munitions would be very difficult at best and, in some cases, impractical.
Poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane electrodes for the selective determination of buformin (1994)

Two poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane buformin-selective electrodes have been developed, for the direct determination of the buformin cation in aqueous solutions. These membrane electrodes are based on the use of ion-association complexes of the buformin hydrochloride cation with either tetraphenylborate (I) or 5-nitrobarbiturate (II) counter ions as ion-exchange sites. These electrodes show good selectivity for buformin hydrochloride over wide pH ranges (pH 4–9.5 for electrode I and pH 4–10 for electrode II) in the presence of some inorganic as well as organic cations. The two electrode systems exhibit a fast, stable Nernstian response in the ranges 10–1–10–4 mol l–1 and 10–1–10–5 mol l–1 for I and II, respectively. The direct potentiometric determinations of buformin hydrochloride in aqueous solutions using electrodes I and II at concentration levels as low as 38.7 or 5.2 µg ml–1, respectively, were found to be accurate. The membranes withstood storage for up to 3 months in the dry state.
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with mediastinal mass at presentation (2004)

6585 Background: Primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBL) has been recognized as a subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with distinct characteristics (e.g.: seen most often in young females) and is thought to be of thymic origin. Other subtypes of DLBCL may involve the mediastinum and may be confused with PMBL. The value of radiotherapy in DLBCL with a mediastinal mass is debated. We conducted this retrospective analysis to study clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with DLBCL and a mediastinal mass at presentation. Methods: This is an analysis of 61 patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with a mediastinal mass> 5 cms who received their initial treatment between June 1984 and October 2000. Results: The median age was 41 years and 50% were females. 66% presented with elevated LDH and 63% had limited stage disease (stage I and II). 46 % of the patients presented with mediastinal mass >10cms and 69% had B symptoms. 27% received adjuvant radiation therapy. All patients received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. A complete remission was achieved in 62% and partial remission in 22% of the patients. The median follow-up of surviving patients is 7.6 years and the 5-year overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) is 55% and 38%, respectively. Older patients had significantly poorer OS (p = 0.016), but age was not associated with EFS. Stage III and IV patients had poorer outcome compared to stage I and II (EFS 58% vs. 24%, p = 0.025 and OS 84% vs. 30%, p < 0.001). Tumor size, B symptoms, LDH and number of extra nodal sites were not significantly associated with outcome. Patients who received adjuvant radiation therapy compared to those who did not had better EFS (65% vs. 32%, p< 0.01), and OS (72% vs. 45%, p = 0.081). The use of radiation therapy improved outcome in patients with stages I and II and not in III and IV. The advantage was most pronounced for stage II patients (EFS p = 0.014 and OS p= 0.013). Conclusions: Patients with DLBCL with mediastinal mass who present with limited stage disease benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prevalence of high serum and red cell ferritin levels in HIV-infected patients. (1994)

We report a high prevalence of elevated serum and red cell ferritin (SF and RCF) levels in 168 patients with HIV infection. SF levels increase with clinical worsening of infection and with decreasing CD4+ lymphocyte counts (ANOVA, p < 0.001) while RCF is significantly higher in asymptomatic AIDS patients (ANOVA, p < 0.001) and in those treated with zidovudine (AZT) (ANOVA, p < 0.001). It is suggested that, although inflammatory processes may explain high SF levels, if we also take in account RCF levels a possible association between iron overload and HIV infection might exist, and this may be worsened by AZT treatment. The significance of these high ferritin levels and their effects on immune system suppression and susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic complications in these patients merits further investigation.