gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrical theory to predict eccentric photorefraction intensity profiles in the human eye (1995)

In eccentric photorefraction, light returning from the retina of the eye is photographed by a camera focused on the eye’s pupil. We use a geometrical model of eccentric photorefraction to generate intensity profiles across the pupil image. The intensity profiles for three different monochromatic aberration functions induced in a single eye are predicted and show good agreement with the measured eccentric photorefraction intensity profiles. A directional reflection from the retina is incorporated into the calculation. Intensity profiles for symmetric and asymmetric aberrations are generated and measured. The latter profile shows a dependency on the source position and the meridian. The magnitude of the effect of thresholding on measured pattern extents is predicted. Monochromatic aberrations in human eyes will cause deviations in the eccentric photorefraction measurements from traditional crescents caused by defocus and may cause misdiagnoses of ametropia or anisometropia. Our results suggest that measuring refraction along the vertical meridian is preferred for screening studies with the eccentric photorefractor.
Enhanced Expression of<i>S</i>-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase Causes Overproduction of Actinorhodin in<i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>A3(2) (2003)

We found that a 46-kDa protein is highly expressed in an actinorhodin-overproducing Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) mutant (KO-179), which exhibited a low-level resistance to streptomycin. The protein was identified as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase, which is a product of the metK gene. Enzyme assay revealed that SAM synthetase activity in strain KO-179 was 5- to 10-fold higher than in wild-type cells. The elevation of SAM synthetase activity was found to be associated with an increase in the level of intracellular SAM. RNase protection assay revealed that the metK gene was transcribed from two distinct promoters (p1 and p2) and that enhanced expression of the MetK protein in the mutant strain KO-179 was attributed to elevated transcription from metKp2. Strikingly, the introduction of a high-copy-number plasmid containing the metK gene into wild-type cells resulted in a precocious hyperproduction of actinorhodin. Furthermore, the addition of SAM to the culture medium induced Act biosynthesis in wild-type cells. Overexpression of metK stimulated the expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene actII-ORF4, as demonstrated by the RNase protection assay. The addition of SAM also caused hyperproduction of streptomycin in Streptomyces griseus. These findings implicate the significant involvement of intracellular SAM in initiating the onset of secondary metabolism in STREPTOMYCES:
Mutations in Arabidopsis YCF20-like genes affect thermal dissipation of excess absorbed light energy (2010)

Plants dissipate excess absorbed light energy as heat to protect themselves from photo-oxidative stress. The Arabidopsis thaliana npq6 mutant affected in thermal dissipation was identified by its partial defect in the induction of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) by excess light. Positional cloning revealed that npq6 contains a frameshift mutation caused by a single base-pair deletion in the At5g43050 gene, which encodes a member of the hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame 20 (YCF20) family of proteins with unknown function(s). The YCF20 protein family is mostly conserved in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms including cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and plants. Amino acid sequence comparison identified two other genes in Arabidopsis that encode similar proteins to NPQ6: At1g65420 and At3g56830. These three Arabidopsis proteins have functional chloroplast-targeting transit peptides. Using reverse genetics, a mutant with a T-DNA insertion within the At1g65420 gene was identified and shown to exhibit a low NPQ phenotype similar to that of npq6; therefore, At1g65420 was named NPQ7. In contrast, a knockdown mutant in the At3g56830 gene with lower transcript levels showed wild-type levels of NPQ. The npq6 npq7 double mutant had an additive NPQ defect, indicating that the YCF20 family members in Arabidopsis have overlapping functions affecting thermal dissipation.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiroptical, Structural and Catalytic Properties of S‐α‐Methyl‐( 1‐(substituted phenyl)‐2‐(2′‐pyrido)‐1‐ethylidene)benzylamines and Their Rh(I) and Cu(I) Complexes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Immunophenotypic analysis in acute leukemia]. (1992)

Acute leukemias have been classified on French-American-British (FAB) criteria depending on the morphocytochemical features of blasts. Immunophenotyping and clonal rearrangement analysis of lineage-associated genes can decide a frozen stage of the hematopoietic differentiation process in blasts from acute leukemias. B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and T-lineage ALL are systematically classified according to the sequential expression of differentiation-associated antigens. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), several new entities are proposed: AML-M0 is an AML without cytologic maturation, in which the myeloid commitment should be demonstrated by myeloperoxidase-positive microgranule on immunohistochemical staining or electron-microscopy, or by positive reaction for CD13 or CD33 antigens. CD7-positive AML is considered to be one of immature subtypes of AML, rather than hybrid leukemia. Thus, immunological studies on blasts enable us to discriminate a subgroup of leukemias, which will perhaps contribute to the improvement of treatment approach.
Effects of Selected Wood Species and Moisture Content on PMDI Resin Application and Panel Properties (2008)

Abstract. This study investigated the effect of selected species and moisture conditions on resin dis-tribution and composite panel properties. Flakeboard composites were made from aspen, pine, or poplar flakes that were equilibrated to 4, 8, or 12 % moisture content (MC). Resin droplet size (resin “footprint”) was measured, as was the percentage of the flake surface that was covered by resin. Aspen flakes showed higher resin coverage and also larger resin droplet sizes. Conversely, pine and poplar flakes had smaller resin droplets and lower resin coverage per flake surface, suggesting greater pMDI penetration. Internal bond (IB) testing revealed optimal performance for aspen flakes at 12 % precure MC, and poplar and pine flakes at 8 % precure MC. Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity results correlated with IB results. Aspen panels bonded at 8 and 12 % MC had minimal thickness swell.
Thin palladium membrane microreactor with porous silicon support and their application in hydrogenation reaction (2005)

The authors have microfabricated a MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) based thin palladium (Pd) membrane microreactor with oxidized porous silicon (PS) support. The hydrogen flux through the Pd membrane with a thickness of 340 nm was 0.112 mol m/sup -2/s/sup -1/ at 250 /spl deg/C and a partial pressure difference of 110 kPa. H/sub 2//N/sub 2/ and H/sub 2//He selectivity was about 46 and 10 at 250 /spl deg/C, respectively. The thermal isolation of the Pd membrane, which was heated by an integrated microheater, was realized by using the oxidized PS. The authors also carried out the hydrogenation of 1-butene at 250 /spl deg/C using the developed microreactor.
Abstract 55: Gray Matter to White Matter Ratio in CT Radiography of the Brain is Not Associated With Outcome After Cardiac Arrest (2010)

Introduction: Brain injury is a leading cause of death after cardiac arrest. Grey matter to white matter (GM/WM) differentiation on early CT scan is a potential predictor of outcome. Hypothesis: We...
Does Means of Access Affect the Incidence of Small Bowel Obstruction and Ventral Hernia After Bowel Resection? (2003)

The data demonstrate that laparoscopic access for bowel operation significantly reduces the incidence of ventral hernia and SBO rates compared with laparotomy. This reduces the need for readmission to the hospital and additional surgical procedures, providing a potential source of decreased morbidity. It should be considered as a means of cost savings associated with laparoscopic bowel operations.
Herbicide Efficacy and Tolerance in Sweet White Lupin (1993)

The successful introduction of a new crop depends upon the availability of economical, safe, and effective herbicides for that crop. Greenhouse trials identified PRE herbicide applications of 4.5 kg ai ha −1 of metolachlor and of alachlor, 2.2 kg ai ha −1 of linuron and of pendimethalin, and 1.1 kg ai ha −1 of desmediphan as noninjurious to sweet white lupin. POST applications of 0.28 kg ai ha −1 of sethoxydim and of fluazifop and 0.22 kg ai ha −1 of haloxyfop also did not injure the sweet white lupin. Field trials indicated that safe and effective weed control could be obtained with combinations of linuron with metolachlor, alachlor, or pendimethalin depending on weed species present.
PHLYCTENULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS AND ADENOIDS (1919)

Rabies virus from an organ donor killed four transplanted patients in Texas last year within 8 weeks of the transplant. Two of them had received a kidney, one a liver, and one a vascular graft. Investigators found rhabdovirus particles in baby mice inoculated with samples from the patients. The donor had died of subarachnoid haemorrhage and routine infection screens had been negative. Friends only later recalled that the donor had been bitten by a bat. <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i> 2005, 352, 1103–11. Combining vaccines has several advantages, but these are meaningless if the vaccines do not work. A combined vaccine against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and group C <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> did not protect children as well as the single meningitis C vaccine though it provoked a satisfactory immune response against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. Moreover, the trial done on 240 infants in the UK found that the combined vaccine reduced the infants’
Distinct<i>Leishmania braziliensis</i>Isolates Induce Different Paces of Chemokine Expression Patterns (2005)

Inflammatory events during Leishmania braziliensis infection in mice were investigated. Large lesions were directly correlated with the inflammatory reaction but not with parasite burden. Different L. braziliensis strains induce different paces of chemokine expression patterns, leading to diverse cell recruitment and differential inflammatory responses.
Atypical Lymphoid Infiltrates Arising in Cutaneous Lesions of Connective Tissue Disease (1997)

Atypical lymphoid infiltrates occurring in the setting of connective-tissue disease (CTD) comprise malignant neoplasms of B-cell or T-cell phenotypes and various reactive lymphoid hyperplasias, such as myoepithelial sialadenitis, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. We describe 17 patients with atypical lymphoid infiltrates arising in cutaneous lesions of CTD, the spectrum of which included lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis, and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. There were two principal categories, pseudolymphoma and malignant lymphoma, the former representing 15 of the 17 cases. The clinical and histologic features and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
Cilia internal mechanism and metachronal coordination as the result of hydrodynamical coupling (1997)

We present a simple but realistic model for the internal bend-generating mechanism of cilia, using parameters obtained from the analysis of data of the beat of a single cilium, and incorporate it into a recently developed dynamical model. Comparing the results to experimental data for two-dimensional beats, we demonstrate that the model captures the essential features of the motion, including many properties that are not built in explicitly. The beat pattern and frequency change in response to increased viscosity and the presence of neighboring cilia in a realistic fashion. Using the model, we are able to investigate multicilia configurations such as rows of cilia and two-dimensional arrays of cilia. When two adjacent model cilia start beating at different phase, they synchronize within two cycles, as observed in experiments in which two flagella beating out of phase are brought close together. Examination of various multicilia configurations shows that metachronal patterns (i. e., beats with a constant phase difference between neighboring cilia) evolve autonomously. This provides modeling evidence in support of the conjecture that metachronism may occur as a self-organized phenomenon due to hydrodynamical interactions between the cilia.
Cellular DNAJA3, a Novel VP1-Interacting Protein, Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Inducing Lysosomal Degradation of VP1 and Attenuating Its Antagonistic Role in the Beta Interferon Signaling Pathway (2019)

DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A3 (DNAJA3) plays an important role in viral infections. However, the role of DNAJA3 in replication of foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) remains unknown. In this study, DNAJA3, a novel binding partner of VP1, was identified using yeast two-hybrid screening. The DNAJA3-VP1 interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization in FMDV-infected cells. The J domain of DNAJA3 (amino acids 1 to 168) and the lysine at position 208 (K208) of VP1 were shown to be critical for the DNAJA3-VP1 interaction. Overexpression of DNAJA3 dramatically dampened FMDV replication, whereas loss of function of DNAJA3 elicited opposing effects against FMDV replication. Mechanistical study demonstrated that K208 of VP1 was critical for reducing virus titer caused by DNAJA3 using K208A mutant virus. DNAJA3 induced lysosomal degradation of VP1 by interacting with LC3 to enhance the activation of lysosomal pathway. Meanwhile, we discovered that VP1 suppressed the beta interferon (IFN-β) signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. This inhibitory effect was considerably boosted in DNAJA3-knockout cells. In contrast, overexpression of DNAJA3 markedly attenuated VP1-mediated suppression on the IFN-β signaling pathway. Poly(I⋅C)-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 was also decreased in DNAJA3-knockout cells compared to that in the DNAJA3-WT cells. In conclusion, our study described a novel role for DNAJA3 in the host's antiviral response by inducing the lysosomal degradation of VP1 and attenuating the VP1-induced suppressive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> This study pioneeringly determined the antiviral role of DNAJA3 in FMDV. DNAJA3 was found to interact with FMDV VP1 and trigger its degradation via the lysosomal pathway. In addition, this study is also the first to clarify the mechanism by which VP1 suppressed IFN-β signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Moreover, DNAJA3 significantly abrogated VP1-induced inhibitive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway. These data suggested that DNAJA3 plays an important antiviral role against FMDV by both degrading VP1 and restoring of IFN-β signaling pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE UNTERSUCHUNG STICKSTOFF‐ UND SCHWEFELHALTIGER HETEROCYCLEN 13. MITT. PYRAZINO(2,3‐B)THIAZINE (1971)

Abstract Die Aminomercaptopyrazine (I) reagieren mit Phenacylbromiden (II) in Gegenwart von alkoholischem Kaliumhydroxid zu den Verbindungen (III), die beim Erhitzen unter Wasserabspaltung zu den Pyrazinothiazinen (IV) cyclisieren.
Raman Microprobe Study of the Visible and Near-Infrared Excited Fluorescence Spectra of Glasses Examined as Potential Raman Intensity Calibration Standards (1998)

Abstract In previous work with the Raman microprobe, we have examined the fluorescence emissions of rareearth (RE) bearing glasses to study the phenomena of structural resonances in the spectra of glass microspheres and the energy upconversion processes for RE ions in such glasses that give rise to anti- Stokes fluorescence emission. Presently, we are revisiting these same fluorescent glasses to study their laser excited emissions as potential radiometric sources for the calibration of Raman spectral intensities. Many of the rare earth ions produce interesting fluorescence spectra on laser excitation depending on the type of ordered or disordered (solid) host matrix. These fluorescence spectra, depending on RE concentration and quenching effects, can be intense and may consist of either narrow-band (or line) emissions or broad-band spectra covering a wide spectral range. These spectra, acquired at laser wavelengths from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR), provide a practical means for the calibration of Raman instrumentation for both Raman frequency and intensity.
Radiation treatment of exhaust gases. IX. Analysis of NO and NO2 decomposition in NO-N2 and NO2-N2 mixtures by computer simulation. (1979)

The computer simulation method has been applied to the analysis of the NO and NO2 decomposition in the NO-N2 and NO2-N2 mixtures by electron beam irradiation. The calculated results regarding the NO and NO2 decomposition were in good agreement with the experimental results in both mixtures. The NO and NO2 decomposition is mainly induced by the radical reactions and is hardly induced by the ion reactions. That is, the NO decomposition in the NO-N2 mixture is mainly induced by the attack of N formed by the radiolysis of N2. The NO2 decomposition in the NO-N2 mixture is induced not only by the attack of N, but also by the attack of O formed through the reaction of NO2 with N at low doses. At high doses, the decomposition of NO formed through the reactions of NO2 with N and with O is mainly induced by the attack of N, in contrast to the NO2 decomposition by the attacks of N and O at low doses. The G value of the formation of N(G(N)) by the computer simulation was 2.0.
SOIL STABILIZATION WITH LIME-FLY ASH MIXTURES: SPECIAL DISCUSSION (1956)

THE PAPER PRESENTED BY DR. T.Y. CHU AND ASSOCIATES IS DISCUSSED. IT IS POINTED OUT THAT IN CONNECTION WITH THE CURING OF THE LABORATORY SAMPLES IT IS OF DEFINITE BENEFIT TO INCLUDE IN THE PROGRAM CONDITIONS OF ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING CYCLES OR EVEN HIGH-LOW HUMIDITY CYCLES. IN CONNECTION WITH THE AUTHOR'S COMMENTS RELATED TO HIGH- TEMPERATURE CURING, LIME-FLY ASH REACTIONS ARE KNOWN TO PROCEED OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME. A SUGGESTION IS MADE REGARDING COMTEMPLATED FREEZING AND THAWING STUDIES, NAMELY THAT CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN TO THE USE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE SONIC METHODS OF TESTS. A CLOSURE STATEMENT BRINGS OUT THE FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENTS: (1) ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IN SOME CASES BENEFITS STRENGTH GAIN MORE THAN ORDINARY MOIST CURING, (2) LIME IS LESS SOLUBLE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, AND RECRYSTALLIZATION OF LIME UNDOUBTEDLY ADDS TO STRENGTH, (3) RECENT RESEARCH HAS TRIED TO FURTHER MINIMIZE THE EFFECT FROM CARBONATION TO MORE CLOSELY DUPLICATE CONDITIONS IN A ROAD, AND (4) WORK INDICATES THAT HIGH TEMPERATURE CURING, WHILE HIGHLY DESIRABLE FROM THE STANDPOINT OF TIME, MAY OCCASIONALLY GIVE ERRONEOUS RESULTS. REFERENCES: T. Y. CHU, D. T. DAVIDSON, W. L. GEOCKER, AND Z. C. MOH, HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD BULLETIN NO. 108.
Unique features in magnet designs for R&D energy recovery linac at BNL (2007)

In this paper we describe the unique features and analysis techniques used on the magnets for a R&D Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) [1] under construction at the Collider Accelerator Department at BNL. The R&D ERL serves as a test-bed for future BNL ERLs, such as an electron-cooler-ERL at RHIC [2] and a future 20 GeV ERL electron-hadron at eRHIC [3]. Here we present select designs of various dipole and quadrupole magnets which are used in Z-bend merging systems [4] and the returning loop, 3-D simulations of the fields in aforementioned magnets, particle tracking analysis, and the magnet's influence on beam parameters. We discuss an unconventional method of setting requirements on the quality of magnetic field and transferring them into measurable parameters as well as into manufacturing tolerances. We compare selected simulation with results of magnetic measurements.
Magnetocapacitance and dissipation factor of epitaxial graphene-based quantum Hall effect devices (2017)

We investigate the properties of the magnetocapacitance and dissipation factor of epitaxial graphene Hall bars with different electrode configurations to gain insight into the underlying physical mechanisms. The dependence of magnetocapacitance and dissipation factor on the magnetic field shows how the screening ability of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) changes at the transition from the nonquantized to the quantized state. Both magnetocapacitance and dissipation factor exhibit a characteristic and correlated voltage dependence, which is attributed to the alternating contraction and expansion of the nonscreening 2DEG regions due to the alternating local electric field. Two regimes with seemingly different voltage dependencies are explained as the limiting cases of weak and strong electric fields of the same general voltage dependence. Electric fields in the plane of the 2DEG are found to cause about three orders of magnitude more ac dissipation than perpendicular electric fields. This strong directionality is attributed to the fact that the electrons are mobile in the plane of the 2DEG but are confined in the third dimension. In the quantized state, not only the screening edge of the 2DEG but also compressible puddles embedded in the bulk cause ac dissipation, as follows from the measured frequency dependence. Finally, characteristic parameters like the width of the screening edge, the threshold voltage, and the charging time of the compressible puddles are determined.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Posttreatment Follow-up Evaluation of Patients With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas (2016)

NFPA, nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.
Functional Studies of Telomere-Binding Proteins in Saccharomyces castellii (2009)

Telomeres are the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The telomeres are essential for solving the end replication problem and they stabilize the genome by protection from degradation. The telomeres also protect the chromosomal ends from by being recognized as DNA breaks by the repair machinery, which could lead to end-to-end fusions. Dysfunctional telomeres are implicated in many complex cellular processes like replicative senescence and tumorgenesis. This clearly indicates the importance of maintenance and length regulation of telomeres. The telomeres are built up by TG-rich tandem repeats and specific proteins binding these repeats. After replication the telomeres can be elongated by the reverse transcriptase, telomerase. In this work an in vitro system that mimics the natural telomere end has been developed. This can be used to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the telomere length. I have characterized two telomere binding proteins, Rap1 and Cdc13, from the yeast species Saccharomyces castellii. This yeast has properties beneficial for telomere research, like regularly repeated telomeric DNA. The obtained information regarding the binding specificities of S. castellii Rap1 (scasRap1) and S. castellii Cdc13 (scasCdc13) has been used to study the protein interactions. The ability of scasCdc13 to affect telomerase dependent telomere elongation has been investigated as well. Moreover we have shown that these two different classes of telomere-binding proteins act together in order to conserve a telomeric core sequence during evolution.