gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial Transformation of ML-236B (Compactin) to M<sub>3</sub>, a Mammalian Metabolite of ML-236B (1984)

Journal Article Microbial Transformation of ML-236B (Compactin) to M3, a Mammalian Metabolite of ML-236B Get access Nobufusa Serizawa, Nobufusa Serizawa Fermentation Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2–58, Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keiko Nakagawa, Keiko Nakagawa Fermentation Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2–58, Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Tsujita, Yoshio Tsujita Fermentation Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2–58, Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Terahara Akira Terahara Fermentation Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2–58, Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 10, 1 October 1984, Pages 2581–2582, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866550 Published: 01 October 1984 Article history Received: 10 April 1984 Published: 01 October 1984
Chemistry of Diborane and Sodium Borohydride. VIII. Imidate Formation from Nitriles with Sodium Borohydride (1973)

The reaction of heteroaromatic nitriles with trace of sodium borohydride in alcohol was examined.Cyano group substituted at α-position of heteroatoms was easily converted to the corresponding imidate.It was also possible to convert selectively one cyano group to the ester group without any change of the other cyano groups.
Validating Fall Prevention Icons to Support Patient-Centered Education (2017)

All 16 icons were refined and used to form the basis for a bedside fall prevention toolkit.
Design of Two-Channels FIR Filterbanks with Rational Sampling Factors Using the FRM Technique (2005)

The design of finite-impulse response (FIR) filters is considered for generating nearly perfect-reconstruction two-channel filterbanks (FB) with rational sampling factors. In order to ensure a good FB performance when there are significant changes in the subband signals, the filters in the FB must have very narrow transition bandwidths. This implies the use of high order FIR filters with a high arithmetic complexity. This paper shows how this complexity can be significantly reduced by properly exploiting the frequency-response masking technique when designing FIR filters in the FB. The benefits of the proposed approach are illustrated by means of an example.
Six-Plate Capacitive Coupler to Reduce Electric Field Emission in Large Air-Gap Capacitive Power Transfer (2017)

This paper proposes a six-plate capacitive coupler for large air-gap capacitive power transfer to reduce electric field emissions to the surrounding environment. Compared to the conventional four-plate horizontal structure, the six-plate coupler contains two additional plates above and below the inner four-plate coupler to provide a shielding effect. Since there is a capacitive coupling between every two plates, the six-plate coupler results in a circuit model consisting of 15 coupling capacitors. This complex model is first simplified to an equivalent three-port circuit model, and then to a two-port circuit model which is used in circuit analysis and parameter design. This six-plate coupler can eliminate the external parallel capacitor in the previous LCLC topology, which results in the LCL compensation and reduces the system cost. Due to the symmetry of the coupler structure, the voltage between shielding plates is limited, which reduces electric field emissions. Finite element analysis by Maxwell is used to simulate the coupling capacitors and electric field distribution. Compared to the four-plate horizontal and vertical structures, the six-plate coupler can significantly reduce electric field emissions and expand the safety area from 0.9 to 0.1 m away from the coupler in the well-aligned case. A 1.97 kW prototype is implemented to validate the six-plate coupler, which achieves a power density of 1.95 kW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a dc-dc efficiency of 91.6% at an air-gap of 150 mm. Experiments also show that the output power maintains 65% of the well-aligned value at 300 mm X misalignment, and 49% at 300 mm Y misalignment.
Oligomerisation of Ethylene to Linear α‐Olefins by new <i>C<sub>s</sub></i>‐ and <i>C<sub>1</sub></i>‐Symmetric [2,6‐Bis(imino)pyridyl]iron and ‐cobalt Dichloride Complexes (2003)

Abstract A new family of C s ‐ and C 1 ‐symmetric 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridyl ligands has been synthesised. These ligands, which differ from their known counterparts in the contemporaneous presence of alkyl and aryl substituent at the ketimine nitrogen atoms, form stable, five‐coordinate complexes with FeCl 2 and CoCl 2 . All ligands and catalysts have been fully characterised both in the solid state and in solution. A single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of [CoCl 2 {2‐[CMe=N−(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)]‐6‐(CMe=N−C 6 H 11 )C 5 H 3 N}]·H 2 O shows the metal centre to adopt a highly distorted square‐pyramidal geometry. In combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO), both iron and cobalt compounds act as effective and selective (> 99%) catalysts for the oligomerisation of ethylene to a Schulz−Flory distribution of α‐olefins, with the α factor ranging from 0.61 to 0.91. The iron catalysts exhibit TOFs as high as 7·10 5 mol C 2 H 4 (mol of cat × h) −1 and are much more active than their cobalt analogues. Experiments at different ethylene pressures with the iron catalysts showed that both the propagation rate and the chain transfer rate are first order in ethylene pressure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Polarization-dependent optical gain and absorption spectra of (Cd,Mn)Te and (Zn,Mn)Se multiple quantum well structures (1987)

The absorption and gain spectra for TE and TM modes in (100) oriented (Cd,Mn)Te and (Zn,Mn)Se multiple quantum well (MQW) structures have been measured by observing the photoluminescence from a cleaved edge. In (Cd,Mn)Te MQW’s the TE mode absorption and gain are dominant, as observed earlier in (Ga,Al)As MQW’s; in (Zn,Mn)Se MQW’s, however, we observe a clear dominance of the TM mode near the band edge. Whereas the TE mode dominates the gain spectra of a (Cd,Mn)Te MQW, the TM mode dominates the gain spectra of a (Zn,Mn)Se MQW, providing the first report of TM-polarized stimulated emission from a MQW structure. The opposite behavior of (Cd,Mn)Te and (Zn,Mn)Se MQW’s is ascribed to the opposite sense of the uniaxial strain in these systems.
MgCl<sub>2</sub>‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts: A structural investigation by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy on the chemical activation process through MgCl<sub>2</sub>‐ethanol adducts (1992)

Abstract By X‐ray diffraction on polycrystalline powders and Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy, some adducts MgCl 2 (C 2 H 5 OH) x were studied, having different composition in the range from x = 0 (α‐MgCl 2 ) to x = 6. For 2 < x ≤ 6, the structure of such adducts shows prevalently ionic MgCl bonds. For x ≤ 2, covalent bonds are observed among chlorine and magnesium atoms, which give rise to chain compounds through chlorine bridges among the Mg‐atoms. The obtained structural data are also discussed in terms of the synthesis of some MgCl 2 ‐based supports which are very active in the Ziegler‐Natta process of olefin polymerization, after a treatment with titanium halides and a successive addition of a cocatalyst and of other suitable donors.
Implementing reliable event streams in large systems via distributed data flows and recursive delegation (2009)

Strong reliability properties, such as state machine replication and virtual synchrony, are hard to implement in a scalable manner. They are typically expressed in terms of global membership views. However, global membership is non-scalable. We propose a new way of modeling protocols that does not rely on global membership. Our approach is based on the concept of a distributed data flow, a set of events distributed in space and time. We model protocols as networks of such flows, constructed through recursive delegation. The resulting system uses multiple small membership services instead of a single global service while still supporting stronger properties. This paper focuses on the theoretical model and its base properties; in particular, on the concept of monotonic aggregation. We present a high-level architecture overview and initial performance results.
Spectrometer on a chip: InP-based integrated grating spectrograph for wavelength-multiplexed optical processing (1991)

We report the performance of an InP-based integrated spectrometer and consider its application in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. The wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer operates in the 1.5 micrometers fiber band and disperses 1 nm spaced signals over a spectral range of 75 nm. Crosstalk between the channels is -19 dB and the optical performance of the spectrometer is essentially insensitive to the polarization of the incident light. Use of the device in multiwavelength telecommunication and computer local area networks is discussed.
Optical BRDF and BSDF measurements of human incisors from visible to mid-infrared wavelengths (2001)

The optical bi-directional reflectance distribution functions (BRDR) and bi-directional scattering distribution functions (BSDF) of human incisors were measured form -180° to 180° using a scatterometer at 632.8 nm, 1.064 μm, and 3.39 μm. Results from these measurements show that multiple scattering events dominate the optical characteristics of the tooth at the measurement wavelengths in the visible and near-IR. Results form the 3.39 μm wavelength indicate that very little scatter or absorption occurs. This allowed us to obtain an estimated absorption coefficient of about 0.7 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, which is much smaller than previously reported for the visible and near-IR wavelengths.
Dyeing in catalase‐treated bleaching baths (2001)

The conventional rinsing after bleaching to remove the residual hydrogen peroxide, harmful to the reactive colorants, was replaced by enzymatic cleaning using catalases. The catalase‐treated bleaching liquor was reused for dyeing. Though no hydrogen peroxide was detected after the enzymatic process, the bleaching bath composition caused unacceptable colour changes on dyed fabrics. By varying the parameters of the dyeing process – dye, salt, alkali and enzyme concentrations – the colour difference could be reduced significantly and a good dyeing result could be achieved.
Enhancements of Remote Sensing for Vehicle Emissions in Tunnels (1994)

The University of Denver’s remote sensing system for vehicle exhaust has been successfully adapted to the measurement of vehicle emissions in a tunnel environment. Two studies conducted at the Fort McHenry Tunnel in Baltimore, MD and the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel located west of Harrisburg, PA on the Pennsylvania Turnpike are described. The difficulties associated with remote sensing in a tunnel environment have led to a number of improvements in the remote sensing technology. The successful use of a prototype periscope system is described and evaluated along with the first-time measurements of dual lane traffic.
A Novel Effect of Bismuth Ions (2004)

Although bismuth salts have been used for over two centuries for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders, the mechanism of their therapeutic action remains controversial. Because gastrins bind two trivalent ferric ions with high affinity, and because ferric ions are essential for the biological activity of glycine-extended gastrin 17, we have investigated the hypothesis that trivalent bismuth ions influence the biological activity of gastrins. Binding of bismuth ions to gastrins was measured by fluorescence quenching and NMR spectroscopy. The effects of bismuth ions on gastrin-stimulated biological activities were measured in inositol phosphate, cell proliferation, and cell migration assays. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that both glycine-extended and amidated gastrin 17 bound two bismuth ions. The NMR spectral changes observed on addition of bismuth ions revealed that Glu-7 acted as a ligand at the first bismuth ion binding site. In the presence of bismuth ions the ability of glycine-extended gastrin 17 to stimulate inositol phosphate production, cell proliferation, and cell migration was markedly reduced. In contrast, bismuth ions had little effect on the affinity of the CCK-2 receptor for amidated gastrin 17, or on the stimulation of inositol phosphate production by amidated gastrin 17. We conclude that bismuth ions may act, at least in part, by blocking the effects of glycine-extended gastrin 17 on cell proliferation and cell migration in the gastrointestinal tract. This is the first report of a specific inhibitory effect of bismuth ions on the action of a gastrointestinal hormone.
An Examination of the Relationships between the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Floor Lead Loading Clearance Level for Lead-Based Paint Abatement, Surface Dust Lead by a Vacuum Collection Method, and Pediatric Blood Lead (1995)

Abstract The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and several states have established floor and window dust lead clearance levels that must be met following lead-based paint abatement. These levels are also used as action levels to determine when exposure reduction measures are needed. Data are lacking on the relationship between these levels and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) goal of having no more than 5 percent of children with blood lead levels above 10 μg/dl. Similarly, little information is available on the relationship between results using the HUD-prescribed surface wipe dust sampling method and a vacuum dust collection method utilizing a personal air sampling pump as a vacuum source, which has been used in a number of lead exposure studies. Blood lead, paint lead, and floor dust lead levels by both methods from 53 households in a mining community with lead paint sources were examined to help answer these questions. Results suggest that the HUD floor clearance level may not be low enough to achieve the CDC childhood blood lead goal. The two dust collection methods were found to be statistically correlated. Vacuum dust lead was correlated to paint lead, but wipe dust lead was not.
Temporal and geographic evidence for evolution of Sin Nombre virus using molecular analyses of viral RNA from Colorado, New Mexico and Montana (2009)

Age estimates from both segments suggest that Sin Nombre virus has evolved within the past 37-106 years. The rates of evolutionary changes reported here suggest that Sin Nombre virus M and S segment reassortment occurs frequently in nature.
Systemic Exposure to Dexamethasone and Asparaginase Affects Risk of Relapse in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2011)

Abstract Abstract 2550 Dexamethasone and asparaginase are key components of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. We previously observed that patients with a higher systemic exposure to asparaginase had a lower clearance and thus a higher systemic exposure to dexamethasone (Yang et al, J Clin Oncol; 26:1932–9, 2008). Whether interpatient dexamethasone pharmacokinetic variability contributes to relapse risk is not known. We determined the prognostic influence of dexamethasone plasma clearance and of anti-asparaginase antibody levels on risk of relapse via multivariate analyses after adjusting for standard clinical and biologic prognostic factors (treatment risk arm, age, race, initial leukocyte count, ALL immunophenotype, minimal residual disease and CNS status) in 410 children with ALL who were treated on a front-line clinical trial (St. Jude Total XV) and were evaluable for the pharmacologic measures through at least 22 weeks from diagnosis. Dexamethasone apparent clearance (average ± standard deviation) was significantly (p = 3 ×10−8) higher in patients with detectable serum levels of anti-asparaginase antibodies (17.7 ± 18.6 L/h/m2) compared to patients with no detectable antibodies (10.6 ± 5·99 L/h/m2), consistent with higher exposure to asparaginase being associated with higher exposure to dexamethasone. In multivariate analysis, higher dexamethasone clearance was associated with a higher risk of any relapse (hematologic, CNS, combined, and other; hazard ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.19; p = 0.01) and of any CNS relapse (CNS and CNS + hematologic; hazard ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.37; p = 0.02). CNS relapse was also more frequent in patients with vs. those without anti-asparaginase antibodies (5-year cumulative risk of 4.9% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.02). Classification and regression tree analysis revealed that a dexamethasone clearance greater than 37.5 L/h/m2 might distinguish patients at higher risk of relapse (Figure). In conclusion, the presence of anti-asparaginase antibodies is associated with increased systemic clearance of dexamethasone. Lower exposure to dexamethasone and asparaginase are associated with an increased risk of relapse in children with ALL treated with contemporary therapy. The cumulative incidence of any relapse (A) and CNS relapse (B) was higher in patients with dexamethasone (Dex) clearance (CL) greater than 37.5 L/h/m2 than in those with lower clearance (p values based on log rank test). Disclosures: Evans: St. Jude Children's research Hospital: Employment, Patents & Royalties; NIH & NCI: Research Funding; Aldagen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Relling:Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Investigator-initiated research; NIH: Research Funding; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital: Employment, Patents & Royalties.
Scaling law for computational imaging using spherical optics (2011)

The resolution of a camera system determines the fidelity of visual features in captured images. Higher resolution implies greater fidelity and, thus, greater accuracy when performing automated vision tasks, such as object detection, recognition, and tracking. However, the resolution of any camera is fundamentally limited by geometric aberrations. In the past, it has generally been accepted that the resolution of lenses with geometric aberrations cannot be increased beyond a certain threshold. We derive an analytic scaling law showing that, for lenses with spherical aberrations, resolution can be increased beyond the aberration limit by applying a postcapture deblurring step. We then show that resolution can be further increased when image priors are introduced. Based on our analysis, we advocate for computational camera designs consisting of a spherical lens shared by several small planar sensors. We show example images captured with a proof-of-concept gigapixel camera, demonstrating that high resolution can be achieved with a compact form factor and low complexity. We conclude with an analysis on the trade-off between performance and complexity for computational imaging systems with spherical lenses.
<i>In situ</i>X-ray scattering studies of nanomaterial growth dynamics in aerosols (2005)

The integral membrane protein microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) possesses glutathione and peroxidase activity thus protecting the organism from toxic substances. We have determined the atomic model of MGST1 at 3.5 resolution by electron crystallography of 2-dimensional crystals from two different twosided plane groups making it the first membrane enzyme solved to atomic resolution by this technique. The MGST1 homotrimer is constructed by 12 trans-membrane helices forming three all alpha-updown 4-helix bundles with a fold strikingly similar to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I suggesting divergent evolution from a common structural ancestor. The MGST1 model reveals inter-subunit interaction and strengthens previous suggestions of global conformational changes upon glutathione (GSH) binding. Furthermore a possible location of the putative hydrophobic binding site is suggested.
An Introduction to Fiber Optics System Design (1988)

1. Introduction to Fiber Optics. Review of conventional transmission media. Introduction to fiber optics transmission. Transmission power-level diagrams. Radiation effects. Summary. Exercises. References. 2. Optical Fiber. Preliminaries. Composition. Manufacture. Dimensions. Characteristics. Fiber types. Fiber splicing. Light guidance. Other single-mode considerations. Comparison: metallic versus fiber waveguides. Radiation effects. Summary. Exercises. References. 3. Electro-Optical Conversion Devices. Electrical to optical conversion. Optical to electrical conversion. Coupling efficiency. Safety considerations. Radiation effects. Summary. Exercises. References. 4. Circuits: Transmitting and Receiving. Circuits. Transmitting circuits. Receiver circuits. Radiation effects. Summary. Exercises. References. 5. Modulation Techniques. Generalities. Analog modulation. Pulse analog modulation. Frequency modulation. Digital. Digital carrier. Choice of modulation technique. Summary. Exercises. References. 6. Systems. Systems considerations. Signal to noise ratio considerations. Bandwidth and attenuation. Loss budget. Bandwidth considerations. Size considerations. Weight considerations. Other considerations. High-frequency requirements. Costs. System loss-budget examples. Terrestrial system examples. Local area networks. Experimental systems. Radiation effects. Summary. Exercises. References. 7. Futures. Futures. Ultra low-loss fiber. Wavelength division multiplexing. Coherent detection techniques. Photonic switches. Photonic logic. Light-domain amplifiers. Integrated optics. Solitons. Optical phase conjugation. IV-VI compounds. New applications. Summary. Exercises. References. Appendices: A. Apparatus and Instrumentation. B. Useful Relations. C: Exercise Solutions. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.
Effect of Histamine on the Secretion of Gastric Pepsin. (1930)

Histamine is known generally as a gastric secretogogue, and the results of many investigations have shown that the secretion of the normal stomach, in response to this stimulus, is rich in free acid; the response of the peptic glands, however, has received but slight attention. In a series of experiments upon human subjects, Polland and Bloomfield have observed that with an increased volume of gastric secretion in response to a histamine stimulation there is a progressive decrease in pepsin concentration, although the total amount of pepsin secreted is actually greater. A new micro technique for estimating peptic activity was recently developed in this laboratory. Utilizing this method in a series of experiments upon dogs possessing either Pavlov or Heidenhain pouches the authors find that: (a) With increased volume of secretion produced by histamine stimulation there is a progressive decrease in the concentration of pepsin in the gastric juice. (b) The pepsin concentration of the fasting juice is invariably greater than that of any subsequent sample. (c) In the first sample of juice obtained following histamine stimulation the concentration of pepsin is diminished, but due to the increased volume of flow, the total amount of pepsin apparently secreted per unit of time is greatly increased. (d) In subsequent samples the concentration of pepsin and the total amount of enzyme secreted per unit of time is rapidly diminished. (e) Examination of samples collected subsequent to 45 minutes after the injection of histamine shows with few exceptions, that the total pepsin secreted per unit of time is less than is the case before the administration of histamine. The concentration of pepsin in these samples may be as low as 1/40 the concentration found in the fasting juice.