gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Cytomegalovirus IE1-72 Protein Interacts with p53 and Inhibits p53-Dependent Transactivation by a Mechanism Different from That of IE2-86 Protein (2009)

Infection of host cells with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces cell cycle dysregulation. Two HCMV immediate-early (IE) proteins, IE1-72 and IE2-86, are promiscuous transactivators that have been implicated in the dysregulatory events. Cellular p53 protein is accumulated to high levels in HCMV-infected cells, but the indicative marker of p53 transcriptional activity, p21, is markedly decreased. Both IE1-72 and IE2-86 were able to transactivate the p53 promoter and interact with p53 protein in DNA-transfected or HCMV-infected cells. HCMV UL84, a multiregulatory protein expressed in early periods of HCMV infection, also interacted with p53. HCMV IE1-72 prevented or disrupted p53 binding to p53-specific DNA sequences, while IE2-86 and/or UL84 enhanced p53 binding and induced supershift of this DNA-protein complex. Both HCMV IE1-72 and IE2-86 were able to inhibit p53-dependent transcriptional activation in plasmid-transfected cells. IE1-72, rather than IE2-86, was found to be responsible for p21 downregulation in HCMV-infected HEL cells. DNA transfection analysis using IE1-72 mutants revealed that exon 2/3 and the zinc finger region of IE1-72 are essential for IE1-72's effect on the repression of p53-dependent transcriptional activation. These data suggest that HCMV IE1-72 and/or IE2-86 transactivates the p53 promoter and induces p53 accumulation, but HCMV IE1-72 represses the p53 transactivation activity by a unique binding hindrance mechanism different from that of IE2-86. Thus, various modes of viral IE proteins and p53 interactions might result in multiple outcomes, such as stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression and cell cycle arrest, and prevention of program cell death.
Acute Pulmonary and Systemic Effects of Inhaled Coal Fly Ash in Rats: Comparison to Ambient Environmental Particles (2006)

Although primary particle emissions of ash from coal-fired power plants are well controlled, coal fly ash (CFA) can still remain a significant fraction of the overall particle exposure for some plant workers and highly impacted communities. The effect of CFA on pulmonary and systemic inflammation and injury was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to filtered air or CFA for 4 h/day for 3 days. The average concentration of CFA particulate matter less than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) was 1400 microg/m(3), of which 600 microg/m(3) was PM(1). Animals were examined 18 and 36 h postexposure. Chemical analysis of CFA detected silicon, calcium, aluminum, and iron as major components. Total number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following exposure to CFA was significantly increased along with significantly elevated blood neutrophils. Exposure to CFA caused slight increases in macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and marked increases in transferrin in BALF. Interleukin-1beta and total antioxidant potential in lung tissues were also increased in rats exposed to CFA. Histological examination of lung tissue demonstrated focal alveolar septal thickening and increased cellularity in select alveoli immediately beyond terminal bronchioles. These responses are consistent with the ability of CFA to induce mild neutrophilic inflammation in the lung and blood following short-term exposure at levels that could be occupationally relevant. However, when comparing the effects of CFA with those of concentrated ambient particles, CFA does not appear to have greater potency to cause pulmonary alterations. This study furthers our understanding of possible mechanisms by which specific sources of particulate air pollution affect human health.
The progress of the special transcription factor of T lymphocytes,Elf-1 (2010)

Elf-1 (E74-like factor 1) is a member of Ets transcription factor family,which participated in physiological and pathological process of cells proliferation,differentiation and tumorigenesis. In this review,we summarize that Elf-1 is related to T cell differentiation and development,tumor and autoimmune disease.

Key words: 
Transcription factor Elf-1;  T-lymphocytes;  Neoplasms;  Autoimmune disease
EXTENT OF RESECTION AND SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (2008)

Treatment bias was demonstrated regarding resection and second-line therapies. However, bias and imbalances were controllable in the cohorts available from the 5-aminolevulinic acid study so that the present data now provide Level 2b evidence (Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine) that survival depends on complete resection of enhancing tumor in glioblastoma multiforme.
Distance-Dependent Fluorescence Quenching of Conjugated Polymers on Au/Ag Striped Nanorods (2010)

To understand the effect of metal surface−polymer separation on fluorescent signal intensity, we describe here our initial investigation on the fluorescent behavior of conjugated polymers near metal nanorods by attenuating the thickness of SiO2 coatings as the spacer. Our preliminary results show that the amount of fluorescence of conjugated polymers quenched by Au/Ag striped nanorods exponentially decays away from the surface in the range of 0−20 nm. This distance-dependent fluorescence quenching phenomenon is consistent with that of small organic dye molecules with a similar fluorescent profile near a metal surface. Furthermore, the results confirm that it is a valid assumption that the previously proposed superquenching model for conjugated polymers in solution is applicable to the polymers attached to a solid surface. The absolute size of polymers is irrelevant in quenching studies. Similar distance-dependent quenching trends are observed for conjugated polymers placed near metal surfaces of different length scales. However, theoretical fitting of the experimental data illustrates subtle differences in the quenching efficiency offered by the metal substrates of different sizes to the polymer. The finding from this study allows us to obtain fluorescence measurements in a reproducible fashion, which is critical in using conjugated polymers as the signaling probes in quantitatively reporting the amount of target analytes bound to metal particles.
Bipolar mania and capacity to consent: recommendations for investigators and IRBs. (2010)

In 1998 the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) released a report entitled Research Involving Persons with Mental Disorders That May Affect Decision-Making Capacity,1 The Commission expressed concern that certain mental disorders?including schizo phrenia, dementia, and mania?increased the likelihood that an individual would not have the decisional capaci ty to provide voluntary, informed consent to participate in research involving a mental disorder. The report noted that although there was a need for continued research to identify safe and effective treatments for mental disor ders, federal regulations governing research with humans were not sufficient to protect research participants in these types of studies. The Commission identified six areas of concern: 1) review bodies such as institutional review boards (IRBs); 2) research design; 3) protocol risk level; 4) informed consent and decisional capacity; 5) surrogate decision-making; and 6) education of and sup port for investigators and research participants. Although federal regulators have not issued new regu lations or guidance that reflect any of NBAC's 21 rec ommendations, the report increased awareness of the need for rigorous review of researchers' plans to protect individuals with mental disorders who participate in their studies. Indeed, the body of literature examining the decision-making capacity of individuals with mental disorders has grown substantially in the decade since NBAC issued its report, revealing that decisional capaci ty varies according to the type and severity of the mental disorder. Until recently, however, there has been a pauci ty of information about the decisional capacity of indi viduals with bipolar mania. The purpose of this article is to 1) provide a brief review of the research on decisional capacity related to mental disorders, particularly studies involving schizophrenia, depression, and dementia; 2) theorize about the unique aspects of mania that may affect research participation; 3) summarize our recent
Mercuric reductase enzyme from a mercury-volatilizing strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1982)

Cell-free mercury volatilization activity (mercuric reductase) was obtained from a mercury-volatilizing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain, and the properties of intact-cell and cell-free activities were compared with those determined by plasmid R100 in Escherichia coli. Intact cells of T. ferrooxidans volatilized mercury at pH 2.5, whereas cells of E. coli did not. Cell-free enzyme preparations from both bacteria functioned best at or above neutral pH and not at all at pH 2.5. The T. ferrooxidans mercuric reductase was a soluble enzyme that was dependent upon added NAD(P)H. The enzyme activity was stable at 80 degrees C, required an added thiol compound, and was stimulated by EDTA. Antisera against purified mercuric reductases from transposon Tn501 and plasmid R831 (which inactivated mercuric reductases from a wide range of enteric and pseudomonad strains) did not inactivate the enzyme from T. ferrooxidans.
tau decays to five mesons in TAUOLA (2006)

The tau-decay library TAUOLA has gained popularity over the last decade. However, with the continuously increasing precision of the data, some of its functionality has become insufficient. One of the requirements is the implementation of decays into five mesons plus a neutrino with a realistic decay amplitude. This note describes a step into this direction. For the 2pi- pi+ 2pi0 mode the three decay chains tau- --> a_1- nu --> rho- (--> pi- pi0) omega (--> pi- pi+ pi0) nu, tau- --> a_1- nu --> a_1- (--> 2pi- pi+) f_0 (--> 2pi0) nu, and tau- --> a_1- nu --> a_1- (--> pi- 2pi0) f_0 (--> pi + pi-) nu are introduced with simple assumptions about the couplings and propagators of the various resonances. Similar amplitudes (without the rho omega contributions) are adopted for the pi- 4pi0 and 3pi- 2pi+ modes. The five-pion amplitude is thus based on a simple model, which, however, can be considered as a first realistic example. Phase-space generation includes the possibility of presampling the omega and a_1 resonances, in one channel only, however. This is probably sufficient for the time being, both for physics applications and for tests. The technical test of the new part of the generator is performed by comparing Monte Carlo and analytical results. To this end a non-realistic, but easy to calculate, purely scalar amplitude for the decay into five massless pions was used.
A reliability-based dynamic re-routing algorithm for in-vehicle navigation (2010)

This paper presents a new algorithm for a car navigation system, whose purpose is to offer a reliable re-route to the driver in case he/she deviates from the route he/she has been following, or if a traffic incident is reported en route. A reliable route is defined as one that has a low probability of being congested. The new method makes use of the A* route finding algorithm and introduces a link penalizing procedure to avoid unreliable (i.e. potentially congested) and incident-affected links in order to re-route the driver from his/her current position to his/her destination, while constraints are imposed on the route output by the algorithm so as to ensure driver acceptability. The new algorithm, called RDIN-R, is first described and then tested through a simulation experiment on the road network of Munich, Germany.
High performance, high yield millimeter-wave MMIC LNAs using InP HEMTs (2002)

A millimeter-wave MMIC low noise amplifier chip set has been developed. Based on the InP HEMT technology, these LNAs provide state-of-the-art performance as well as excellent yield and repeatability. With greater than 50% chip yield, a three-stage Q-band LNA design achieved 26 to 31 dB of gain from 42 to 50 GHz and 1.8 dB average noise figure from 43.3 to 45.7 GHz. In addition, there are six other LNA designs including a four-stage V-band LNA with 28 dB of gain and 2.3 dB noise figure and a two-stage balanced Q-band LNA that provided 17 dB of gain and has greater than 61% yield.
Limits for the Detection of Binaural Beats (1969)

This study investigates the probability of detecting binaural beats as a function of the frequency of the standard signal used (f1) and of the dichotic frequency difference (|f1−f2|). The present findings indicate that the upper frequency limit for the perception of binaural beats depends upon the dichotic frequency differences employed, the psychophysical procedure used, and the criteria for a beat threshold. The probability of beat detections was maximal at 500 Hz, and decreased as frequency increased up to 1500 Hz. No reliable pattern of beat detections was observed above 1500 Hz. Binaural beats were obtained with both “fused” and “nonfused” dichotically presented signals. Implications for a general model were discussed.
Directed graphs requiring large numbers of shortcuts (2003)

A conjecture by Thorup is that the diameter of a directed graph with n vertices and m edges can be reduced to (log n)O(1) by adding O(m) edges [3]. We give a counterexample to this conjecture. We construct a graph G requiring the addition of Ω(mn1/17) edges to reduce its diameter below Θ(n1/17). By extending the construction to higher dimensions, we construct graphs with n1+e edges that require the addition of Ω(n2--e) edges to reduce their diameter. These constructions yield time-space tradeoffs in lower bounds for transitive closure queries in a certain computational model.
Crown Ethers in Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Lithium/Air Batteries (2010)

Crown ethers can significantly affect the discharge performance of nonaqueous electrolytes in Li/air batteries. A small amount () of crown ethers reduces battery performance, and a minimum discharge capacity appears at ca. 5 wt % of crown ether in the electrolytes. When the content increases to 15 wt %, both 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5 improve the capacity of Li/air cells by about 28% and 16%, respectively. The 15-crown-5-based electrolytes even show a maximum discharge capacity in the crown ether content range of 10–15 wt %. However, increasing the amount of 18-crown-6 in the electrolytes continuously lowers the cell performance.
Under Ice in Antarctica: The Icefin Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Development and Deployment (2016)

Exploration of the furthest reaches of our planet, as well as other planetary bodies, typically requires the use of robotic platforms due to the extreme environments encountered. Some of the harshest conditions on earth are found in Antarctica and require the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to explore remote and hazardous areas beneath the ice. The custom-built Icefin under-ice unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) has been developed for deployment in permanently ice-covered oceans, such as those found in Antarctica, with the intent of furthering relevant technology for future missions to Europa, a moon of Jupiter with an icecovered ocean. The design of the vehicle flows from program requirements that provide a road map for maximizing scientific data collection with the low-risk and low-logistical impact needed for polar science. Lessons learned from Antarctic deployment of the Icefin vehicle can be extrapolated for future polar AUV design.
Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey (2012)

This study provides a global estimate of the burden of asthma in adults, and suggests that asthma continues to be a major public health concern worldwide. The high prevalence of smoking remains a major barrier to combating the global burden of asthma. While the highest prevalence rates were observed in resource-rich countries, resource-poor nations were also significantly affected, posing a barrier to development as it stretches further the demands of non-communicable diseases.
Determinants of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Use Among the Women of Urban Areas of Nepal (2014)

Aims: This study aimed to identify the determinants of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) use among the married women of reproductive age group living in urban areas of Nepal. Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study which aimed to compare different factors between 110 IUCD users and 110 non-users. Both groups were selected randomlyand interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to detect the difference between two groups and corresponding odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were also computed. Results: When the IUCD users were compared to non-users, religion, occupational status of women, occupational status of the husbands, total number of children, sources of information about IUCD, having wrong beliefs about IUCD, availability of IUCD services, reproductive intention and spousal communication were significantly associated with the use of IUCD.The main reason for using IUCD was due to the effectiveness for longer duration and for not using IUCD was due to the feeling of no need. Conclusions: Wrong beliefs about the device discouraged women from using IUCD, hence, awareness programs are strongly recommended.Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 16-20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i2.9760
Limitations of transistor DC amplifiers (1964)

This paper considers the important mechanisms contributing to drift in low-level differential dc amplifiers using matched-pair silicon transistors operated at low collector currents. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that thermally induced drift and sensitivity to power-supply variation are both reduced substantially by operating the two transistors with equal V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BE</inf> instead of with equal collector currents. Moreover, by intentionally unbalancing the passive components in the circuit, it is shown to be possible, in principle, to achieve a self-compensating operation with almost perfect cancellation of drift. Experimentally, for a source resistance of 400Ω, it was not difficult to achieve equivalent input drifts of the order of 0.05 µv per °C, 0.2 µv for a 1 per cent variation in supply voltage and 0.3 µv drift over a three day period. The ultimate limitation appeared to be 1/f noise which was on the order of 0.5 µv peak to peak.
El deber de negociar convenios colectivos (2011)

La negociacion colectiva laboral, aludida en los articulos 7, 28 y 37 de la Constitucion, no seria posible si el ordenamiento no impusiera a las partes interesadas el deber de negociar. En este aspecto se diferencian la negociacion civil y la laboral, pues mientras que en la primera hay libertad absoluta para contratar o dejar de hacerlo, en la laboral la parte receptora de la comunicacion de la otra de su voluntad de iniciar las negociaciones, solo podra negarse a su comienzo por causas justificadas, enumeradas en el articulo 89.1 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores. Pero es oportuno advertir que el deber de negociar solamente tiene valor para la concertacion de los convenios colectivos estatutarios, o de eficacia general, pero no para negociar convenios colectivos extraestatutarios o de eficacia restringida pues, a diferencia de los primeros que se rigen por las normas del Titulo III del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, los segundos se ajustan en la forma prevista en el articulo 1254 del Codigo civil.
How Viruses Spread Among Computers and People (2001)

The spread of diseases in human and other populations can be described in terms of networks, where individuals are represented by nodes and modes of contact by edges. Similar models can be applied to the spread of viruses on the Internet. In their Perspective,
 Lloyd and May
 discuss the similarities and differences between the dynamics of computer viruses and infections of human and other populations.
Liquid xenon detectors for particle physics and astrophysics (2010)

This article reviews the progress made over the last 20 years in the development and applications of liquid xenon detectors in particle physics, astrophysics and medical imaging experiments. We begin with a summary of the fundamental properties of liquid xenon as radiation detection medium, in light of the most current theoretical and experimental information. After a brief introduction of the different type of liquid xenon detectors, we continue with a review of past, current and future experiments using liquid xenon to search for rare processes and to image radiation in space and in medicine. We will introduce each application with a brief survey of the underlying scientific motivation and experimental requirements, before reviewing the basic characteristics and expected performance of each experiment. Within this decade it appears likely that large volume liquid xenon detectors operated in different modes will contribute to answering some of the most fundamental questions in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, fulfilling the most demanding detection challenges. From experiments like MEG, currently the largest liquid xenon scintillation detector in operation, dedicated to the rare mu -> e + gamma decay, to the future XMASS which also exploits only liquid xenon scintillation to address an ambitious program of rare event searches, to the class of time projection chambers like XENON and EXO which exploit both scintillation and ionization of liquid xenon for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay, respectively, we anticipate unrivaled performance and important contributions to physics in the next few years.
Study on Spermatheca of The Freshwater Crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense (Butt) (1999)

A study on spermatheca of the freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense was performed with histologic and cytochemical metheds.Female crabs were collected from Ningguo County in Anhui Province on May 1994.The results showed that morphology of the spermatheca is associated with the ovarian cycle.During reproductive stage,a lot of mucus was secreted by the topcrine gland cells of spermathecal epithelium in lumen, providing proper fluidy medium for sperm storage,and nutrients for sperm survival.It was found that there was an obvious cytochemical changes in the epithelium and in the luminal contents of the spermatheca during different phases of the vitellogenesis cycle.
Process for Preparing High-Molecular-Weight Polyformals of Alicyclic Diols (1962)

Low-melting polyformals were made by Carothers by heating aliphatic diols and dibutyl formal in the presence of acidic catalysts. When attempts were made to prepare polyformals of alicyclic diols by this method, low-molecular-weight, colored polymers were obtained. A new process was therefore developed for preparing these polyformals. In this process, a diol and paraformaldehyde are heated in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an acidic catalyst, and water is azeotropically removed. Depending upon the type of diol, the polymer is built up to a high molecular weight in this solution or in the solid phase. This process is superior to the conventional dibutyl formal method in that polymers with high molecular weights and substantially no color can be obtained. The process, developed for preparing polyformals of alicyclic diols, should also be applicable to various other types of diols.