gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Emotion Prediction of Song Excerpts: Index Construction, Algorithm Design, and Empirical Comparison (2007)

Abstract Music's allure lies in its power to stir the emotions. But the relation between the physical properties of an acoustic signal and its emotional impact remains an open area of research. This paper reports the results and possible implications of a pilot study and survey used to construct an emotion index for subjective ratings of music. The dimensions of pleasure and arousal exhibit high reliability. Eighty-five participants' ratings of 100 song excerpts are used to benchmark the predictive accuracy of several combinations of acoustic preprocessing and statistical learning algorithms. The Euclidean distance between acoustic representations of an excerpt and corresponding emotion-weighted visualizations of a corpus of music excerpts provided predictor variables for linear regression that resulted in the highest predictive accuracy of mean pleasure and arousal values of test songs. This new technique also generated visualizations that show how rhythm, pitch, and loudness interrelate to influence our appreciation of the emotional content of music.
Spinal cord stimulation for relief of ischemic pain in end-stage arterial occlusive disease. (1994)

A total of 41 patients with end-stage arterial occlusive disease not treatable by surgery were enrolled in a study after implantation of a spinal cord stimulator. To date, a total of 25 patients have been followed up to 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified as grade I to grade III based on the scale developed by the Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards, Society for Vascular Surgery/Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (1986). Sixty-seven percent of patients with rest pain who did not have ulcers (grade II) were successfully treated with a spinal cord stimulator. The success rate among patients who had rest pain and foot lesions was only 38%. Failure is defined as foot amputation or heroic bypass surgery. This study was conducted at six centers in North America.
A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Port Effeciency and Ownership Structure (2009)

항만이나 공항의 소유구조에 대한 효율성 분석은 지금까지 서로 엇갈리는 결과를 제시하고 있다. 즉, 민영화 또는 공영화로 인한 효율성 효과가 자료 또는 분석 방법에 따라서 일치된 결과를 보여주지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 국내의 항만이 포함된 국제 항만 교역데이터베이스를 기반으로 베이지안 확률적 프런티어 모형을 적용하여 항만의 소유 구조에 따른 효율성 분석을 하였다. 소유 구조는 Tongzon과 Heng (2005)의 방법을 따랐으며 제안된 몇 가지 모형과 그들의 모형을 DIC 통계량을 이용하여 비교하였다. 베이지안 추론에 필요한 MCMC 방법은 Griffin과 Steel (2007)에서 소개된 WinBUGS 프로그램을 이용하여 구현하였다. Few studies have investigated the quantitative relationship between port ownership structure and port efficiency with mixed results. This paper therefore contributes to the empirical literature by investigating the impact of port privatization on port efficiency using sample data drawn from the world's major ports. Moreover, this study applies the Bayesian approach to estimate the impact of port ownership on port efficiency. We fit Bayesian stochastic frontier model which is introduced by Griffin and Steel (2007) by WinBUGS. World's 25 main ports data are used for analysis. Based on MCMC sampling, we estimate parameters of the model and efficiency index of each ports. Moreover, we add estimates from package Frontier 4.1c in order to compare them with Bayesian results.
Young parents: the role of housing in understanding social inequality. (2011)

It is suggested that existing policies on supportive housing units should be reviewed to produce more supportive environments for parents and child. It was noted that the semi-structured interview method was successful in enabling the researchers to more fully understand the world as experienced by these young parents, and the researchers suggest that this research method may be particularly useful for use with vulnerable groups to suggest effective interventions.
The Analysis of the Deep Sea Geomagnetic Measurement Platform Rotation's Impact on the Measurement Results (2013)

The deep sea magnetic field detection is influenced by the environment of marine and the platform, the influence of the platform is mainly caused by platform rotation. The variation of the geomagnetic fields three-components caused by different directions of the platform rotation are compared by using the World Magnetic Model WMM2010.The results show that the changes of the three-components of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the platform rotation can not be ignored. So the measured results of the deep sea geomagnetic field detection should be compensated. The conclusion can be used for automatic correction of the deep sea magnetic field observation platform.
Design, Automation, and Test for Low-Power and Reliable Flexible Electronics (2015)

Flexible electronics are emerging as an alternative to conventional Si electronics for smart sensors, disposable RFID tags, and solar cells. By utilizing inexpensive manufacturing methods such as ink-jet printing and roll-to-roll imprinting, flexible electronics can be made on low-cost plastic films just like printing newspapers. However, the key elements of flexible electronics, thin-film transistors (TFTs), have slower operating speeds and are less reliable than their Si electronics counterparts. Furthermore, TFTs are usually mono-type – either p- or n-type – devices. Making air-stable complementary TFT circuits is very challenging or sometimes not feasible to most TFT technologies. Existing design methodologies for Si electronics, therefore, cannot be directly applied to flexible electronics. Other factors such as high supply voltage, large process variation, and lack of trustworthy device modeling also make designing larger-scale and robust TFT circuits a significant challenge. The objective of this article is to provide an in-depth overview of flexible electronics from their applications, manufacturing processes, device characteristics, to circuit and system design solutions. We first introduce the low-cost fabrication methods for flexible electronics, including ink-jet printing, screen printing, and gravure printing. The device characteristics and compact modeling of several major TFT technologies will be illustrated. We will then give an overview of digital and analog circuit design from basic logic gates to a microprocessor, as well as design automation tools and methods, for designing flexible electronics. We also describe a reliability simulation framework that can predict TFT circuits’ performance degradation under bias-stress. This framework has been validated using the amorphous-silicon (a-Si) TFT scan driver for TFT-LCD displays. Finally, we will give an overview of flexible thin-film photovoltaics using different materials including amorphous silicon, CdTe, CIGS, and organic solar cells.
Importance of delivery systems for growth-stimulatory factors in combination with osteopromotive membranes. An experimental study using rhBMP-2 in rat mandibular defects (1997)

This study was undertaken to investigate whether the choice of carrier/delivery system might be crucial for rhBMP-2 induced osteogenesis beneath osteopromotive membranes. Standardized 5-mm transosseous rat mandibular defects were implanted with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) with or without membrane placement. Two doses of rhBMP-2 (1 microg and 8 microg per defect) were delivered with either collagen sponge or bioabsorbable poly(D,L-lactide-coglycolide) (PLA/PGA) beads plus allogenic blood as carriers. Membrane-covered defects (no BMP) served as controls. Virtually all defects treated with rhBMP-2 without membrane placement already were bridged by new bone after 12 days, independent of rhBMP-2 dose or carrier material, and lateral bone growth was extensive outside the original defect. Membrane placement significantly decreased the stimulatory activity of the BMP, as seen after 12 days, even though osteogenesis was more advanced with rhBMP-2 and membrane compared to membrane alone. After 24 days, defects treated with membrane and rhBMP-2 in the PLA/PGA carrier were totally bridged with regenerated bone, whereas defects covered with membrane without BMP implantation displayed an average bone bridging of only 53%. In an overall analysis of the bone regeneration, the PLA/PGA carrier material was found to be superior to the collagen carrier in the presence of membranes, which was, in turn, more efficient than membrane placement alone (no rhBMP-2). There was much less lateral bone growth when BMP implantation was combined with membrane placement. It was concluded that bone formation beneath osteopromotive membranes may be significantly enhanced by rhBMP-2 and that the delivery system can affect the amount of bone formation obtained. For eventual clinical use, membrane placement has the advantage of keeping the growth-stimulatory implant in place as well as obtaining the desired anatomical contour of the bone formed.
Carotenoids and related compounds. Part XIX. The geometrical isomers of 2- and 3-methyl-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid and their methyl esters (1968)

G. Pattenden and B. C. L. Weedon, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1968, 1997 DOI: 10.1039/J39680001997
A Compact Circular Multipass Cell for Millimeter-Wave/Terahertz Gas Spectroscopy (2019)

Millimeter-wave/terahertz (mmW/THz) spectroscopy is a promising tool for gas sensing applications, such as breath analysis or the detection of toxic chemicals, which require compact portable systems. Long gas cells that are needed for high sensitivities are often bulky and limit the portability of the system. We present a compact mmW/THz circular multipass gas cell with an optical path length of 1.9 m and an outer diameter of only 21.5 cm. The beam is refocused at each internal reflection as a consequence of the large divergence of the mmW/THz beams. We determined the losses of the cell to about 3 dB around 250 GHz and demonstrated sensitive gas spectroscopy with a detection limit of 14 ppm/√Hz for acetaldehyde in a mixture with methanol.
Human adult stem cells from diverse origins: An overview from multiparametric immunophenotyping to clinical applications (2013)

Stem cells are known for their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into at least one specialized cell type. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated initially from bone marrow but are now known to exist in all vascularized organ or tissue in adults. MSCs are particularly relevant for therapy due to their simplicity of isolation and cultivation. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has proposed a set of standards to define hMSCs for laboratory investigations and preclinical studies: adherence to plastic in standard culture conditions; in vitro differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts; specific surface antigen expression in which ≥95% of the cells express the antigens recognized by CD105, CD73, and CD90, with the same cells lacking (≤2% positive) the antigens CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79a or CD19, and HLA-DR. In this review we will take an historical overview of how umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, adipose-derived, placental and amniotic fluid, and menstrual blood stem cells, the major sources of human MSC, can be obtained, identified and how they are being used in clinical trials to cure and treat a very broad range of conditions, including heart, hepatic, and neurodegenerative diseases. An overview of protocols for differentiation into hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, neuronal, adipose, chondrocytes, and osteoblast cells are highlighted. We also discuss a new source of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and some pathways, which are common to MSCs in maintaining their pluripotent state.
Energy Levels and Wavelengths of the Isotopes of Mercury-198 and -202 (1952)

In the region 6709–2302A the wavelengths of sixty lines in the first spectra of the even isotopes of mercury, 80Hg198 and 80Hg202, have been measured relative to 5460.7532A. Electrodeless tubes (see reference 3) containing 0.5 mg of mercury were excited by radio waves of 90- to 300-mc frequency. Comparison with the data of Meggers and Kessler (see reference 5) shows the median difference AOW–MK to be 0.0001A. A comparison of the wavelength and level systems of the two isotopes confirms our opinion that the spectrum of natural mercury may be useful as a source of secondary standards, since the isotope shift of the odd level 6p1P1° is nearly the same as that of several even levels.We are indebted to Director Condon and Dr. Meggers of the National Bureau of Standards for a sample of 80Hg198 which was derived from radioactive gold in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission. The sample of 80Hg202 was produced by Carbide and Carbon Chemical Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Y-12 Area and obtained on allocation from the Isotopes Division of the AEC.
Paid Malpractice Claims for Adverse Events in Inpatient and Outpatient Settings (2011)

In 2009, the number of paid malpractice claims reported to the National Practitioner Data Bank for events in the outpatient setting was similar to the number in the inpatient setting.
Introduction (1990)

The perceived shape of history has from earliest times been fashioned by reigns and wars and natural disasters; but the growing historical self-consciousness of the nineteenth century brought an awareness of centuries and decades, the more or less arbitrary numerical units of time, as imposing their own patterns or grids on the flux of events. A new habit develops in the Victorian period of speaking of 'the present century' or 'the century in which we live'. In a way it would be difficult to match in earlier periods, writers show their consciousness of their own age in relation to the past: Carlyle titles a book Past and Present, Trollope calls one of his novels The Way We Live Now, Dickens calls one of his Hard Times, for These Times and begins another, Our Mutual Friend, with the phrase 'In these times of ours', while an important Victorian journal was titled The Nineteenth Century. And because they were aware of the unprecedented speed of change the Victorians came to think not only of centuries but of decades and even of years as having their own distinctive characteristics: the Nineties were different from other decades, and 1851 had its prominent mid-century position reinforced by the Great Exhibition.
Approaches to Automated Detection of Cyberbullying: A Survey (2017)

Research into cyberbullying detection has increased in recent years, due in part to the proliferation of cyberbullying across social media and its detrimental effect on young people. A growing body of work is emerging on automated approaches to cyberbullying detection. These approaches utilise machine learning and natural language processing techniques to identify the characteristics of a cyberbullying exchange and automatically detect cyberbullying by matching textual data to the identified traits. In this paper, we present a systematic review of published research (as identified via Scopus, ACM and IEEE Xplore bibliographic databases) on cyberbullying detection approaches. On the basis of our extensive literature review, we categorise existing approaches into 4 main classes, namely supervised learning, lexicon-based, rule-based, and mixed-initiative approaches. Supervised learning-based approaches typically use classifiers such as SVM and Naıve Bayes to develop predictive models for cyberbullying detection. Lexicon-based systems utilise word lists and use the presence of words within the lists to detect cyberbullying. Rule-based approaches match text to predefined rules to identify bullying, and mixed-initiatives approaches combine human-based reasoning with one or more of the aforementioned approaches. We found lack of labelled datasets and non-holistic consideration of cyberbullying by researchers when developing detection systems are two key challenges facing cyberbullying detection research. This paper essentially maps out the state-of-the-art in cyberbullying detection research and serves as a resource for researchers to determine where to best direct their future research efforts in this field.
Circulating HER2 extracellular domain and resistance to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. (2000)

To test the hypothesis of an association between HER2 and chemotherapy resistance, we performed a prospective assessment of the predictive value of the circulating HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) in patients with advanced breast carcinoma in the setting of a multicenter Phase II trial using paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Serum samples were collected from 58 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma before first-line chemotherapy for advanced disease, and the levels of circulating HER2 ECD were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Immunohistochemistry with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody CB11 was used to assess the overexpression of HER2 in the primary tumors. When 450 fmol/ml was used as a cutoff, 24 cases (41%) had elevated HER2 ECD levels. Elevated levels of circulating HER2 ECD were associated with the expression of HER2 in the primary tumor tissue and with the metastatic tumor burden (evaluated with the marker CA 15-3; P = 0.032 and P = 0.002, respectively) but not with variables such as menopausal status, stage at diagnosis, previous adjuvant therapy, or the number of metastatic sites. The levels of circulating HER2 ECD correlated inversely with the response to treatment. The probability of obtaining a complete response to chemotherapy was significantly lower (P = 0.021) in patients with elevated HER2 ECD levels (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0-13%) compared with patients with nonelevated HER2 (26%; 95% confidence interval, 12-45%). In addition, the duration of clinical response was significantly shorter in patients with elevated HER2 ECD, compared with the cases with nonelevated HER2 (7.5 versus 11 months; P = 0.035). In conclusion, elevated levels of circulating HER2 ECD in patients with metastatic breast cancer correlate with reduced efficacy of a paclitaxel-doxorubicin chemotherapy combination. We suggest that the poor response rate associated with HER2 expression in advanced breast cancer may not be reversed by aggressive chemotherapy alone.
EcR isoforms in<i>Drosophila</i>: testing tissue-specific requirements by targeted blockade and rescue (2002)

The three Drosophila EcR isoforms differ only at their N termini; thus, they share the conserved ligand-binding domain transcriptional activation function (AF2) and only differ in the unconserved A/B region, which contains a second, isoform-specific, activation function (AF1). We have developed a dominant-negative mutant EcR (EcR-DN), expressed it in flies with the GAL4/UAS system, and used it to block ecdysone signaling in eight tissues or groups of tissues. Localized EcR-DN arrests ecdysone-dependent development in the target cells and often--because of a molting checkpoint--arrests development globally. Simultaneously expressing individual wild-type EcR isoforms in the same target tissues suppresses the EcR-DN phenotype and identifies the rescuing isoform as sufficient to support the development of the target. Every isoform, and even an N-terminal truncated EcR that lacks any AF1, supports development in the fat body, eye discs, salivary glands, EH-secreting neurosecretory cells and in the dpp expression domain, implying that AF1 is dispensable in these tissues. By contrast, only EcR-A is able to support development in the margins of the wing discs, and only EcR-B2 can do so in the larval epidermis and the border cells of the developing egg chamber. In light of our results, the simplest explanations for the widespread spatial and temporal variations in EcR isoform titers appear untenable.
Controlling suction by the vapour equilibrium technique at different temperatures and its application in determining the water retention properties of MX80 clay (2005)

Problems related to unsaturated soils are frequently encountered in geotechnical or environmental engineering works. In most cases, for simplicity, one can study the problems by considering the suction effects on volume change or shear strength under isothermal conditions. Often, under these conditions, a temperature-independent water retention curve is considered in the analysis  obviously a simplification. When the temperature changes are too significant to be ignored, it is necessary to account for the thermal effects. This note presents a method for controlling suction with the vapour equilibrium technique at different temperatures. First, calibration of various saturated saline solutions was carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 60 °C. A mirror psychrometer was used to measure relative humidity generated by saturated saline solutions at different temperatures. The results obtained were in good agreement with the data from the literature. This information was then used to determine the water retention properties of MX80 clay, which showed that the retention curve shifts downward with increasing temperature.Key words: vapour equilibrium technique, hygrometer, water retention curve, temperature effects, compacted bentonite.
Photocycloaddition reactions of 2-acylcyclohex-2-enones (2001)

The newly synthesized 2-acylcyclohex-2-enones 1 photocycloadd selectively to the C–C triple bond of 2-methylbut-1-en-3-yne giving diacylcyclobutene derivatives 4 and 5, and they react with 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene in an overall [4+2]-photocycloaddition to afford benzopyranones 7.
Characterization of miRNomes in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines (2014)

Myeloid leukemias are highly diverse diseases and have been shown to be associated with microRNA(miRNA) expression aberrations. The present study involved an in-depth miRNome analysis of two human acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1, and one human chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) cell line, K562, via massively parallel signature sequencing. mRNA expression profiles of these cell lines that were established previously in our lab facilitated an integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression patterns. miRNA expression profiling followed by differential expression analysis and target prediction suggested numerous miRNA signatures in AML and CML cell lines. Some miRNAs may act as either tumor suppressors or oncomiRs in AML and CML by targeting key genes in AML and CML pathways. Expression patterns of cell type-specific miRNAs could partially reflect the characteristics of K562, HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines, such as actin filament-based processes, responsiveness to stimulus and phagocytic activity. miRNAs may also regulate myeloid differentiation, since they usually suppress differentiation regulators. Our study provides a resource to further investigate the employment of miRNAs in human leukemia subtyping, leukemogenesis and myeloid development. In addition, the distinctive miRNA signatures may be potential candidates for the clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of myeloid leukemias.
The Role of L-Methylfolate in Depressive Disorders (2009)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and often recurrent illness. An initial antidepressant trial is effective at achieving remission for approximately 30% of patients when prescribed as monotherapy, with the majority of patients returning as partial or non-responders. Switching antidepressants or adding augmentation agents are standard therapeutic options used to achieve and maintain remission. Suboptimal serum and red blood cell folate levels have been associated with a poorer response to antidepressant therapy, a greater severity of symptoms, later onset of clinical improvement, and overall treatment resistance. This Expert Review Supplement reviews the evidence for L-methylfolate as an augmentation agent in depression and discusses its clinical use elaborated by three clinical presentations.