gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pimavanserin and Lorcaserin Attenuate Measures of Binge Eating in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats (2018)

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by dysregulated feeding and reward-related processes, and treatment is often challenged by limited therapeutic options. The serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor (5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R) and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R are implicated in both feeding-related and reward-related behaviors and are thus poised to regulate BED-related behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the FDA-approved medications pimavanserin, a 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R antagonist/inverse agonist, and lorcaserin, a 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R agonist, in a rodent model of binge eating. The effects of pimavanserin (0.3-3.0 mg/kg), lorcaserin (0.25-1.0 mg/kg), and the lowest effective dose of pimavanserin (0.3 mg/kg) <i>plus</i> lorcaserin (1.0 mg/kg) were tested in a high-fat food (HFF) intermittent access binge eating model in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 64). We assessed three measures related to binge eating - binge episode occurrence, binge intake, and weight gain associated with HFF access. Pimavanserin decreased binge intake and weight gain associated with HFF access, but did not prevent binge episode occurrence. Lorcaserin decreased binge intake, but did not prevent binge episode occurrence or weight gain associated with HFF access. Combined pimavanserin <i>plus</i> lorcaserin prevented binge episode occurrence in addition to decreasing binge intake and weight gain associated with HFF access. These preclinical findings in male rats suggest that pimavanserin and lorcaserin may be effective in treating patients with BED. Our studies further indicate that administration of one or both drugs may be more effective in certain sub-populations of patients with BED because of the unique profile each treatment elicits. These data support future assessment in clinical populations with BED.
WSS technology for the next generation ROADM networks (2010)

This paper presents an overview of the requirements of the next generation dynamic mesh type reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) networks carrying optical channels at 100Gb/s and higher data rates. Liquid crystal (LC) and 1-axis Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for scalable and flexible wavelength selective switches (WSS) devices for these networks is highlighted.
On-Line Calculational Method for Evaluating the Power Distribution in a Nuclear Reactor Core (1973)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: power distributionon-line computerperiodic core evaluationreactor coresthree-dimensional calculations
Shear Modulii For Cellular Foam Materials And Its Influence On The Design Of Light-Weight Mirrors (1989)

New demands on the performance of light-weight optical systems have led to the design and development of light-weight foam core mirrors for various applications. Foam core mirrors offer the advantage of additional weight savings without sacrificing optical performance. The design of a foam core mirror is complex and the optical performance depends largely upon the various mechanical design parameters. Although the elastic modulus, E, of the core material is important, the optical performance of light-weight mirrors is highly sensitive to the core shear modulus, G. Therefore, to effectively design a light-weight foam core mirror, the value of G for the core material must be established with a high level of confidence. This paper addresses the theoretical analysis and test method utilized to accurately determine the shear modulus for cellular foam materials and illustrates the significance of G as a parameter in the design of light-weight mirrors.
Modifications hydrologiques d'un cours d'eau péruvien après mise en eau d'un barrage-réservoir (1997)

La mise en eau d'une retenue au Nord du Pérou a été suivie d'une période exceptionnelle de sécheresse étalée sur cinq ans. Le débit réservé prévu n'a pu être respecté, ce qui a permis la fixation d'îlots sableux d'origine éolienne dans le lit de la rivière en aval du barrage ; en outre, ce sable est fortement imprégné de chlorures et de sulfates. Les conséquences de cette situation sont multiples: limnologiques (augmentation excessive de la salinité de l'eau), hydrologiques (inondations lors du retour des pluies) et technologiques (corrosions du matériel métallique de traitement et de distribution de l'eau potable); l'étude et l'analyse de ces phénomènes font ressortir la difficulté de prévoir tous les aspects de l'impact que la construction d'un nouveau barrage peut exercer sur le milieu naturel.
The arresting action of microtubules in cell motility (2011)

Comment on: Ganguly A, et al. Oncotarget 2011; 2:368-77.
Double-layered control methodology combining price objective and grid constraints (2013)

A major challenge consists of considering all stakeholders of the future Smart Grid, each with their specific and possibly opposing objectives. A distribution network operator aims at guaranteeing power quality criteria while consumers aspire lowering their power consumption bill. This fundamental issue currently delays the transition from small-scale research projects to a large-scale all-encompassing smart distribution grid. This paper describes a double-layered control methodology using the available flexibility of the majority of discrete smart appliances currently in use. The effect of striving for the objectives separately as well as in combination is examined. The results show that the targeted objective(s) strongly influence(s) the performance in terms of cost effectiveness as well as number of voltage issues.
Choledocholithiasis attributable to a foreign body in a horse (1993)

Cholelithiasis is the most common cause of biliary obstruction in horses. Proposed mechanisms include ascariasis, biliary stasis, ascending biliary infection, and changes in bile composition. In this horse, a foreign body acted as the nidus for bile-salt deposition and ascending cholangitis. Clinical signs (intermittent abdominal pain, icterus, and pyrexia) in conjunction with high serum activity of enzymes indicative of obstructive biliary disease led to a tentative diagnosis of cholelithiasis. Ultrasonography was used to confirm the diagnosis. Postmortem examination revealed a 7-cm wooden stick to be the core of a cholelith found in the common bile duct.
Modeling data flow in socio-information networks (2011)

Information leakage via the networks formed by subjects (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) and objects (e.g., blogosphere) - some of whom may be controlled by malicious insiders - often leads to unpredicted access control risks. While it may be impossible to precisely quantify information flows between two entities (e.g., two friends in a social network), this paper presents a first attempt towards leveraging recent advances in modeling socio-information networks to develop a statistical risk estimation paradigm for quantifying such insider threats. In the context of socio-information networks, our models estimate the following likelihoods: prior flow - has a subject $s$ acquired covert access to object o via the networks? posterior flow - if s is granted access to o, what is its impact on information flows between subject s' and object o'? network evolution - how will a newly created social relationship between s and s' influence current risk estimates? Our goal is not to prescribe a one-size-fits-all solution; instead we develop a set of composable network-centric risk estimation operators, with implementations configurable to concrete socio-information networks. The efficacy of our solutions is empirically evaluated using real-life datasets collected from the IBM SmallBlue project and Twitter.
Design of Steerable Wavelets to Detect Multifold Junctions (2015)

We propose a framework for the detection of junctions in images. Although the detection of edges and key points is a well examined and described area, the multiscale detection of junction centers, especially for odd orders, poses a challenge in pattern analysis. The goal of this paper is to build optimal junction detectors based on 2D steerable wavelets that are polar-separable in the Fourier domain. The approaches we develop are general and can be used for the detection of arbitrary symmetric and asymmetric junctions. The backbone of our construction is a multiscale pyramid with a radial wavelet function where the directional components are represented by circular harmonics and encoded in a shaping matrix. We are able to detect M -fold junctions in different scales and orientations. We provide experimental results on both simulated and real data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
All-dielectric bianisotropic metasurfaces (2017)

The realization of bianisotropic responses with all-dielectric metasurfaces is investigated, and a systematic design approach is developed. It is shown that by cascading anisotropic dielectric layers (subwavelength gratings) one can achieve bianisotropic responses. The all-dielectric bianisotropic metasurfaces exhibit a significantly improved loss performance over their plasmonic counterparts. A design example is presented and the performance verified through full-wave simulation.
CONVERGENCE TIME ON THE RS MODEL FOR NEURAL NETWORKS (1991)

Convergence times and the corresponding dispersions have been studied numerically as parameters to measure the efficiency of neural network models. These quantities are also supposed to be related to the number of spurious states for each configuration of stored patterns. In this work we measure these quantities for a recent multineuron interaction model presenting an enhanced performance compared to other traditional schemes.
Transition state analogues for enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism (2003)

Knowledge of enzymatic transition states permits the logical design of transition state analogues. Kinetic isotope effects have been used to solve transition state structures for several N-ribosyltransferases. Nucleoside hydrolases from protozoan parasites show ribooxacarbenium ion character at their transition states, but with different extents of activation at the leaving group and the oxacarbenium ion. Transition state analogues are designed to capture these interactions and provide isozyme-specific inhibitors. Ricin A-chain is an RNA N-ribohydrolase for a single site on 28S rRNA. Its transition state resembles a fully dissociated ribooxacarbenium ion. A transition state analogue for ricin A-chain mimics the fully dissociated purine and cationic ribosyl transition state. The transition state for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is more dissociated than for the bovine enzyme. Immucillin-H, a powerful transition state inhibitor for human PNP, has entered clinical trials as an anti T-cell agent.
Amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex activation during affective startle modulation: a PET study of fear (2003)

The human startle response is modulated by emotional experiences, with startle potentiation associated with negative affect. We used positron emission tomography with 15O-water to study neural networks associated with startle modulation by phobic fear in a group of subjects with specific snake or spider phobia, but not both, during exposure to pictures of their feared and non-feared objects, paired and unpaired with acoustic startle stimuli. Measurement of eye electromyographic activity confirmed startle potentiation during the phobic as compared with the non-phobic condition. Employing a factorial design, we evaluated brain correlates of startle modulation as the interaction between startle and affect, using the double subtraction contrast (phobic startle vs. phobic alone) vs. (non-phobic startle vs. non-phobic alone). As a result of startle potentiation, a significant increase in regional cerebral blood flow was found in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region, and medially in the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These results provide evidence from functional brain imaging for a modulatory role of the amygdaloid complex on startle reactions in humans. They also point to the involvement of the affective ACC in the processing of startle stimuli during emotionally aversive experiences. The co-activation of these areas may reflect increased attention to fear-relevant stimuli. Thus, we suggest that the amygdaloid area and the ACC form part of a neural system dedicated to attention and orientation to danger, and that this network modulates startle during negative affect.
An Efficient Eigenvalue Estimation Technique for Multimachine Power System Dynamic Stability Analysis (1981)

A practical method is proposed to analyze the dynamic stability of multimachine power system. Complex eigenvalues associated with generator oscillations are estimated by iterative calculations
Smoothing out focused demand for network resources (2001)

We explore the problem of sharing network resources when agents' preferences lead to temporally concentrated, inefficient use of the network. In such cases, external incentives must be supplied to smooth out demand. Taking a game-theoretic approach, we consider a setting in which bandwidth is available during several time slots at a fixed cost, but all agents have a natural preference for choosing the same slot. We present four mechanisms that motivate agents to distribute load optimally by probabilistically waiving the cost for each time slot, and analyze equilibria.
Spiral grooved vacuum pump working in high pressure ranges. (1991)

The pumping performance of spiral grooved vacuum pumps which work in the pressure ranges above 1000 Pa is studied experimentally and theoretically. Experiments are conducted for several rotors with various geometries, and theoretical predictions are made using a Reynolds stress model for turbulent corner flows. The pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of a rotor begins rising at a Reynolds number Re based on the hydraulic mean depth m, Re=4ρUm/μ (U: peripheral speed, ρ: density, μ: viscosity) in the neighborhood of 2000, where the flow in grooves is considered to become turbulent. The theoretical predictions show relatively good agreement with the experimental results for moderate Reynolds number ranges, but the theoretical curves begin separating from the experimental results as the Reynolds number increases.
On the Use of Magnitude of Reduction in HIV-1 RNA in Clinical Trials: Statistical Analysis and Potential Biases (2002)

Clinical trials endpoints based on magnitude of reduction in HIV-1 RNA levels provide an important complement to endpoints based on either virologic failure or a proportion of patients having HIV-1 RNA levels below a threshold value. However, reductions in HIV-1 RNA often are not completely observed, because many patients have HIV-1 RNA levels below the limit of quantification at the primary follow-up visit. The crude method of analyzing such data is to define all HIV-1 RNA levels that fall below the limit of quantification as being equal to that limit of quantification. This method is widely used even though the underestimation inherent in such a method may also lead to underestimation of treatment difference in terms of HIV-1 RNA reduction. Analyses based on Kaplan-Meier method and censored regression can be used to estimate such a reduction. When a high percentage of patients have HIV-1 RNA levels below the limit of quantification at the time of primary follow-up, which corresponds to censored observations, the Kaplan-Meier method does not always provide an estimate of the median HIV-1 RNA reduction. We discuss a statistical method to provide lower and upper limits of such median reduction or of other percentiles of reduction. We found that when the percentage of censoring is high, the censored method may overestimate the HIV-1 RNA reduction and then may also overestimate the treatment difference. Although the censored method is preferable to the crude method, when the level of censoring is high, we suggest computation of the upper and lower limits either to provide a range of potential values of HIV-1 RNA reduction or to detect overestimation by the censored method.
"Ändå vill vi tala om en kris" : Problematiken kring konfirmationens utveckling och förändrade betydelse 1942-2000 (2006)

Uppsatsen behandlar konfirmationen inom Svenska kyrkan och dess förändrade teologiska betydelse. Materialet sträcker sig från handboken 1942 till det senaste nytrycket av "Riktlinjer för Svenska kyrkans konfirmandarbete" år 2000 och utgörs av i första hand kyrkans offentliga dokument. Fokus ligger på konfirmationsgudstjänsten och därtill hörande ritual.
Laterality Differences in Cerebellar–Motor Cortex Connectivity (2014)

Lateralization of function is an important organizational feature of the motor system. Each effector is predominantly controlled by the contralateral cerebral cortex and the ipsilateral cerebellum. Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have revealed hemispheric differences in the stimulation strength required to evoke a muscle response from the primary motor cortex (M1), with the dominant hemisphere typically requiring less stimulation than the nondominant. The current study assessed whether the strength of the connection between the cerebellum and M1 (CB-M1), known to change in association with motor learning, have hemispheric differences and whether these differences have any behavioral correlate. We observed, in right-handed individuals, that the connection between the right cerebellum and left M1 is typically stronger than the contralateral network. Behaviorally, we detected no lateralized learning processes, though we did find a significant effect on the amplitude of reaching movements across hands. Furthermore, we observed that the strength of the CB-M1 connection is correlated with the amplitude variability of reaching movements, a measure of movement precision, where stronger connectivity was associated with better precision. These findings indicate that lateralization in the motor system is present beyond the primary motor cortex, and points to an association between cerebellar M1 connectivity and movement execution.
Cellulose: Pores, Internal Surfaces, and the Water Interface (1977)

The microstructure of fibers is important to textile performance properties, but it is the pore structure and surfaces of pores that are critical to moisture regain, imbibed water, and the modification of fibers with finishes that must enter fibers in order to perform their function. In the case of cellulosic fibers, most specifically cotton fibers, pores allow penetration of dyes, polymerizable monomers, and cellulose-reactive reagents. Additionally, pores provide space for polymer deposition and hydroxy1-rich surfaces for sorption and reaction. Flame-retarding finishes for cotton generally operate by deposition of insoluble phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing polymers, for which pore volume is important. Conventional shape-retentive finishes, on the other hand, operate by formation of covalent linkages from reagent to cellulosic hydroxyl groups, for which pore surfaces are important. In both cases, the finishes are generally more effective or more durable, or the products exhibit better balances of textile properties when the degree of penetration
Inter-Domain DOTS Use Cases (2016)

This document describes inter-domain use cases of the DDoS Open Threat
Signaling(DOTS). The use cases descirbed in this draft will be merged
into [I-D.draft-ietf-dots-use-cases].
Stereoselective Ring Opening of Electronically Excited Cyclohexa‐2, 4‐dienones: Cause and effect (1997)

Abstract The two conformers of a cyclohexa‐2, 4‐dienone with different substituents at C(6) on irradiation are believed to undergo ring opening stereospecifically affording a mixture of two configurationally isomeric diene‐ketenes (and descendents thereof)‐ Exceptions are generally found for those dienones with one C and one O substituent or even with two C substituents, if one of them carries a polar group at a site able to interact through space with the ring CO group. In these cases, only one of the two anticipated diene‐ketenes (and descendents thereof) is produced. A thorough investigation of the photochemistry of a series of structurally different cyclohexa‐2, 4‐dienones on analytical as well as on preparative scale extends our mechanistic knowledge of the various routes from diene‐ketenes into a variety of compound classes. Novel compound classes accessible to diene‐ketenes are seven‐membered carbocycles (by intramolecular aldolization of the zwitterion of appropriately substituted, transiently formed diene‐( N, O )‐ketene acetals) and β‐lactams (by Staudinger reaction).
1P1-R02 A Fundamental Framework of Wearable Power Assist Robot for Paraplegia Walking Support(Wearable Robotics) (2013)

This paper introduces a fundamental framework for paraplegia walking support via a wearable lower extremity exoskeleton robot. We propose a walking trajectory generation and a Virtual Admittance Control. Walking trajectory generation creates smooth and continuous time-varying trajectory via polynomial interpolation to calculate referential joint angles. Virtual Admittance control provides the characteristics of a virtual spring and damper in each joint, in a way to handle external forces acting on the exoskeleton throughout the entire walking period. In order to compare the proposed control scheme with a conventional position control scheme, we conducted bipedal walking experiments on 4 able-bodied subjects. As a result, we obtain relatively viable walking performance, in which less upper body effort is required to counterbalance.
Calorimetric determination of surfactant/polyelectrolyte binding isotherms (2005)

Mixing of oppositely charged surfactants and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions leads to cooperative surfactant adsorption onto the polyelectrolyte chains. Experimental determination of surfactant/polyelectrolyte binding isotherms is usually done using custom-built surfactant-ion-specific electrodes. As an alternative, we present an indirect isotherm approximation method that uses conventional isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The calorimetric data is fitted to the two-binding-state Satake-Yang adsorption model, which quantifies the extent of binding in terms of the binding constant (Ku) and the cooperativity parameter (u). This approach is investigated using two surfactant/polyelectrolyte mixtures: sodium perfluorooctanoate (FC7) and N,N,N-trimethylammonium derivatized hydroxyethyl cellulose (UCARE Polymer JR-400), whose binding behavior follows the Satake-Yang model, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS), whose behavior deviates dramatically from the Satake-Yang model. These studies demonstrate that, in order to apply the indirect ITC method of binding isotherm determination, the surfactant/polyelectrolyte adsorption process must have no more than two dominant binding states. Thus, the technique works well for the FC7/JR-400 mixture. It fails in the case of the DTAB/NaPSS adsorption, but its mode of failure offers insight into the multiple-binding-state adsorption mechanism.