gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Water-soluble derivatives of factor IA of pristinamycins. Interaction with the bacterial ribosome]. (1985)

The IA component of pristinamycins is a depsipeptide with a bacteriostatic effect on Gram positive bacteria. IA is made bactericidal by association with the IIA component of pristinamycins. Use of IA is limited because of its poor solubility in water. For this reason several water soluble IA derivatives have been synthesized. As for IA, these derivatives are fluorescent, a property used to study the binding of each compound to bacterial ribosomes of Escherichia coli (G-) and Staphylococcus aureus (G+). Two different techniques were used: direct study of fluorescence of the ribosome-antibiotic complex, and study of polarization of the fluorescence of the antibiotic bound to its receptor site. In addition to determination of binding parameters, these techniques can evaluate molecular synergy between pristinamycin IA (PIA) derivatives and pristinamycin IIA (PIIA) derivatives. MICs for the tested molecules correlate strongly with their binding parameters.
Susceptibility tensor imaging (2010)

Heterogeneity of magnetic susceptibility within brain tissues creates unique contrast between gray and white matter in magnetic resonance phase images acquired by gradient echo sequences. Detailed understanding of this contrast may provide meaningful diagnostic information. In this communication, we report an observation of extensive anisotropic magnetic susceptibility in the white matter of the central nervous system. Furthermore, we describe a susceptibility tensor imaging technique to measure and quantify this phenomenon. This technique relies on the measurement of resonance frequency offset at different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. We propose to characterize this orientation variation using an apparent susceptibility tensor. The susceptibility tensor can be decomposed into three eigenvalues (principal susceptibilities) and associated eigenvectors that are coordinate-system independent. We show that the principal susceptibilities offer strong contrast between gray and white matter, whereas the eigenvectors provide orientation information of an underlying magnetic network. We believe that this network may further offer information of white matter fiber orientation.
Learning parse and translation decisions from examples with rich context (1997)

We present a knowledge and context-based system for parsing and translating natural language and evaluate it on sentences from the Wall Street Journal. Applying machine learning techniques, the system uses parse action examples acquired under supervision to generate a deterministic shift-reduce parser in the form of a decision structure. It relies heavily on context, as encoded in features which describe the morphological, syntactic, semantic and other aspects of a given parse state.
Influence of amplitude modulation induced by LD direct modulation on FM signal transmission (1990)

Transmission characteristics of sinusoidally frequency/phase modulated signals near the zero-dispersion wavelength are investigated. It is shown that waveform distortion is suppressed by transmission at a little longer wavelength than zero-dispersion wavelength for an LD direct modulated signal. This is because the amplitude modulation component induced by LD direct modulation is canceled by waveform distortion resulting from FM-AM conversion. This cancellation occurs most effectively when the phase difference between AM and FM of LD direct modulation is pi /2, which is expected for high-speed modulation. Since waveform distortion is less in the case of a wide frequency range, waveform distortion for an NRZ signal is also considered to be suppressed by transmission at a little longer wavelength than zero-dispersion wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic Characteristics of Three New Y-STRs: DYS631, DYS634 and DYS635 in a Chinese Population (2005)

Abstract EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood or buccal swabs for this study were drawn randomly from 79 Han-ethnic male individuals representing various geographical counties in eastern China, with their consent. Ethnic origin was determined by self-declaration.
Simultaneous determination and confirmation of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed by zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (2008)

Abstract We developed a new method to analyze animal feed and feed ingredients for melamine and cyanuric acid. The method is capable of extracting and detecting both melamine and cyanuric acid in a single procedure, whether present as free compounds or bound together as the melamine:cyanurate complex. A novel chromatographic system based on zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC‐HILIC) columns enables separation and detection of both compounds in one run. Samples are extracted with a strong aqueous acid which is then diluted to bring the concentration within the working range of the method. The method is applicable over the range of 0.5 to 50 micrograms/gram (µg/g). Samples at higher concentrations may be diluted into this range, which is equivalent to 3.6–360 ng/mL in the injection solvent. Analytes are detected using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The data confirm the presence of both compounds according to criteria recommended by the US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine. The LC/MS/MS method provides an alternative to derivatization and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry for regulatory analysis of feed samples. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chinese character recognition: a twenty-five-year retrospective (2003)

The author assesses the current status of the field and places the problem of Chinese recognition into perspective with other areas of optical character recognition. Early experiments are briefly reviewed, and sources of more up-to-date information, including review articles, are indicated, advances in computer technology are discussed that have had a significant impact on the problem, and a sampling of relatively recent research on the classification of both printed and handprinted ideographs is presented. Included in the discussion are techniques of preprocessing (character location and segmentation) and hierarchical classification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trypanocidal Flavonoids from <i>Trixis vauthieri</i> (1997)

The crude extract of Trixis vauthieri (Asteraceae) was active against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas' disease. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract afforded the trypanocidal flavonoids 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (1) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (2) besides the inactive flavonoids 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (3) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxy flavone (4). The trypanocidal activity of 1 and 2 and the presence of compounds 2 and 4 in Trixis vauthieri are reported here for the first time.
Item Clusters and Computerized Adaptive Testing: A Case for Testlets (1987)

It is observed that many sorts of difficulties may preclude the uneventful construction of tests by a computerized algorithm, such as those currently in favor in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT). In this essay we discuss a number of these problems, as well as some possible avenues of solution. We conclude with the development of the “testlet,” a bundle of items that can be arranged either hierarchically or linearly, thus maintaining the efficiency of an adaptive test while keeping the quality control of test construction that is possible currently only with careful expert scrutiny. Performance on the separate testlets is aggregated to yield ability estimates.
The third component of complement: new functions for an old friend. (1993)

The present review has evaluated four biologic processes in which the participation of C3 as a primary mediator deserves more extensive investigation. These novel functions of C3 derive in part from the biochemistry ascribable to a thiolester-containing protein and are underscored by its remarkably high concentration in plasma and widespread presence in tissues. Such physiologic characteristics argue that we have only begun to understand the functions of this most versatile complement protein. The availability of full-length cDNA and the ability to manipulate the C3 gene in tissue culture or embryonic stem cells should help to illuminate the pluripotent nature of this fascinating protein.
Comparison of the properties of glucoamylases from Rhizopus niveus and Aspergillus niger. (1990)

Some properties of the glucoamylase from Rhizopus niveus have been determined and compared with the comparable properties of the glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. The enzymes from these organisms possess the following common properties: quantitative conversion of starch to glucose, molecular weights in the range 95,500 to 97,500, and glycoprotein structures with many oligosaccharide side chains attached to the protein moieties of the enzymes. Differences in the glucoamylases exist in electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition, nature of carbohydrate units, and types of glycosidic linkages. Lysine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and phenylalanine differ in the two glucoamylases by 25 to 50%. Whereas the enzyme from R. niveus contains mannose and glucosamine, in the N-acetyl form, as the carbohydrate constituents, the enzyme from A. niger contains mannose, glucose, and galactose. The carbohydrate chains of the R. niveus enzyme are linked by O-glycosidic and N-glycosidic linkages to the protein, while those of the A. niger enzyme are linked by O-glycosidic linkages only. Antibodies directed against the two glucosamylases have been isolated by affinity chromatography and found to be specific for the carbohydrate units of the glucoamylases. Cross reactions did not occur between the glucoamylases and the purified antibodies.
<i>Para</i>-Fluoro Postpolymerization Chemistry of Poly(pentafluorobenzyl methacrylate): Modification with Amines, Thiols, and Carbonylthiolates (2017)

A methacrylic polymer undergoing highly efficient para-fluoro substitution reactions is presented. A series of well-defined poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl methacrylate) (pPFBMA) homopolymers with degrees of polymerization from 28 to 132 and Đ ≤ 1.29 was prepared by the RAFT process. pPFBMA samples were atactic (with triad tacticity apparent in 1H and 19F NMR spectra) and soluble in most organic solvents. pPFBMA reacted quantitatively through para-fluoro substitution with a range of thiols (typically 1.1 equiv of thiol, base, RT, <1 h) in the absence of any observed side reactions. Para-fluoro substitution with different (thio)carbonylthio reagents was possible and allowed for subsequent one-pot cleavage of dithioester pendent groups with concurrent thia-Michael side group modification. Reactions with aliphatic amines (typically 2.5 equiv of amine, 50–60 °C, overnight) resulted in complete substitution of the para-fluorides without any observed ester cleavage reactions. However, for primary amines, H2NR, double substitution reactions yielding tertiary (−C6F4)2NR amine bridges were observed, which were absent with secondary amine reagents. No reactions were found for attempted modifications of pPFBMA with bromide, iodide, methanethiosulfonate, or thiourea, indicating a highly selective reactivity toward nucleophiles. The versatility of this reactive platform is demonstrated through the synthesis of a pH-responsive polymer and novel thermoresponsive polymers: an oligo(ethylene glycol)-functional species with an LCST in water and two zwitterionic polymers with UCSTs in water and aqueous salt solution (NaCl concentration up to 178 mM).
STUDIES ON CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY TO LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS IN MICE (1973)

A large amount of experimental evidence has already been presented indicating the great importance of the cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of the LCM virus infection in mice. In this laboratory a method which makes it possible to measure this cellular immunity quantitatively in vitro has been developed. The method is based on the determination of the radioisotope released after the interaction between specifically sensitized lymphocytes and syngeneic (1)Cr-labeled LCM virus-infected target cells. By using this technique the time-course of the cell-mediated immunity has been established in acutely infected mice and in virus carriers adoptively immunized with syngeneic sensitized lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from acutely infected mice showed a strong lysing effect on the target cells, with a sharp maximum at about the 9th day after infection. The cell-mediated immunity in adoptively immunized virus carrier mice showed the same time-course, but in these animals the lytic effect of the lymphoid cells was considerably less pronounced. Lymphocytes from untreated virus carriers did not, however, have any effect on the target cells, and in these animals it was not possible to demonstrate any evidence of enhancing antibodies, In experiments employing serial dilutions of sensitized lymphocytes in normal cells a direct linear relationship between the number of sensitized lymphocytes and target cell destruction was found. These experiments seem to indicate that the underlying mechanism in the cytotoxic reaction is a direct cell-to-cell interaction.
Design of Secondary Equipment Management System Based on CIM (2012)

This paper analyzes the secondary device management status and existing problems, to build a Common Information Model based on the secondary device management system. The system is set up for the second device information database, and the use of CIM technology and C / S mode for input to the database, query, browse, modify and transfer and sharing of information to meet the current requirements of the secondary device management. The system improved the professional work of the various secondary normative and efficiency of secondary equipment to meet current management requirements greatly.
Analytic Model and Design Procedure of the Single-Secondary Trans-Inductor Voltage Regulator (2021)

This paper proposes an analytic equivalent circuit model of the single-secondary trans-inductor voltage regulator (TLVR-1). Such analytic model acts as a powerful tool to calculate the performance of the TLVR-1, including the phase current ripple, the total current ripple, the output current slew rate, and the maximum current flowing through the compensation inductor. It is also proved that the TLVR-1’s output performance is equivalent to a conventional multi-phase interleaved buck converter, whose per-phase inductance value is a much smaller L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eq</inf> . The TLVR-1’s design procedure is then introduced based on the proposed equivalent circuit model, where the criteria of selecting the trans-inductor, the switching frequency, the compensation inductor, and the output capacitors are all uncovered. One 8-phase TLVR-1 is designed following the proposed design procedure. Further simulation and test data match well with the performance predicted by the analytic model.
Design of a robot for simple assembly operations (1993)

A cylindrical robot consists of three linear movements and a wrist of two degress of freedom is designed and buil to manoeuvre objects for simple tasks. The objects considered in the present work are those broad metal sheets used in factories.
Caring for dying children: assessing the needs of the pediatric palliative care nurse. (2009)

Pediatric palliative nursing care, both stressful and rewarding, requires coping skills, confidence, and other attributes for successful patient care and nursing practice. Through a thorough literature review, clinical workshops, direct observations in pediatric palliative care settings, and personal nursing experience in the neonatal intensive care, pediatric intensive care, and oncology wards, this author confirmed the necessity for studies to clarify the needs of dying pediatric patients and their families, as well as the needs of nurses who provide their care. This article briefly reviews the history and current status of pediatric palliative care, describes the experiences of nurses caring for dying children, explores the impact of providing palliative care on the hospital staff, and seeks to discover possible interventions by the advanced practice nurse to influence more positive patient care and nursing staff job satisfaction and retention.
A Multilayer Ceramic Multichip Module (1980)

The increased performance and circuit/bit densities of today's semiconductor chips require corresponding technological advancements in chip packaging. More interconnections and increased heat dissipation must be accommodated in a package compatible with the higher performance of these chips. In the packaging approach described, increased package performance and reliability were achieved by the use of a multilayered ceramic substrate upon which nine chips can be mounted. Conductors for ground, signal, and power lines are interlayered in the ceramic with connections to the top surfaces and to pins at the bottom surface for connection to external circuitry. This multilayer multichip module significantly advances the state of the art; it provides higher circuit density and performance with a ten-fold increase in circuit density over previous logic systems hardware.
Application of linear programming in energy management (2009)

As energy and equipment costs increase, efficient energy systems become more important in the overall economics of process plants. This paper presents a method for modeling and optimizing an industrial steam-condensing system by using linear programming (LP) techniques. A linear programming method is used to minimize the total costs for energy used net costs in steam condensing systems. The LP technique will determine optimum values for the process design variables, so as to achieve minimum cost. .
Macrophage Heterogeneity in Respiratory Diseases (2013)

Macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the respiratory tract, and they can have strikingly different phenotypes within this environment. Our knowledge of the different phenotypes and their functions in the lung is sketchy at best, but they appear to be linked to the protection of gas exchange against microbial threats and excessive tissue responses. Phenotypical changes of macrophages within the lung are found in many respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. This paper will give an overview of what macrophage phenotypes have been described, what their known functions are, what is known about their presence in the different obstructive and restrictive respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis), and how they are thought to contribute to the etiology and resolution of these diseases.
Acute Myopia: could it be the presenting symptom of a rheumatic disease? A case report (2011)

This is a case-report of a patient who came to our Eye Emergency Room for acute onset of myopia and asthenia. The purpose is to evaluate the causes of acute myopia in a 28 year old woman with a family history of rheumatic diseases and a positive antibody titer (ANA). The UBM-study showed a 360° choroidal effusion and the hematological analysis showed mild anemia, lymphocytosis and ANA antibodies were positive. All that signs could suggest a vasculitis-like onset of an autoimmune disease, involving the eye first. Although the diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or other autoimmune diseases cannot be confirmed according to the rheumatologic criteria, the vasculitic ocular manifestations with positive antibodies in the young woman need further evaluation because it seems to be enough to refer the patient to a rheumatology follow-up.
Analysis and Study of Shibahu Control Project in Kenli of the Yellow River (2000)

The reach from Yihezhuang to Xihekou is located in the Yellow River mouth region. Owing to less water coming and river bed sedimentation in recent years and consequently leading to river regime change, flood prevention and oil exploration safety are seriously influenced in the Yellow River mouth region. Based on analysis of river regime evolution and channel characteristics in the reach, the issues and development trend of existing river control projects are analyzed and studied in the paper. After comparison, Shibahu control project distribution plan is selected to control river main flow channel, make full play of original projects, lighten threaten to flood, and stabilize Qingshuigou channel.
The position and proper motion of polaris (1912)

The Position and Proper Motion of Polaris. By &&!ton UpdegrafAn ephemeris of Polaris computed from the position and proper motion of the star for 1875.0 contained in Newcomb's Fundamental Catalogue (Vol.VIII, Part 2, Astr.Papers of the Am.Eph.) has been used as the basis of this investigation.The notation used in that work has been followed, and nearly all the old data, given on Page 1 4 4 of Vol.VIII Part 2, hare been deduced anew, as far as possible from the original sources.The proper motion, especially in right ascension, has been greatly strengthened by the use of observations which have become available during the past fifteen years.This new material, consisting of re-reductions of old observations and of new observations, has been derived from the following sources.I . . 3- 4. 5.6. 7 .* 8. 10.I I. 1 2 .'3.New reduction of Groombridge's Circumpolar Catalogue for 1810, by Dyson and Thackeray, (RA.only).Auwers' re-reduction of Pond's observations I 8 I 1-1 8 I 9, for 1815.0.