gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Air Force Medical Service Readiness. (2012)

The prime mission of the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS), like those of the medical departments of its sister services, is to provide medical care during wartime. AFMS currently runs three successful in-theater hospitals that treat severely injured or wounded U.S. personnel from all four services. But this wartime mission depends on capabilities built at home, as critical-care specialists maintain their technical proficiency, as much as peacetime opportunities allow, by meeting health-care needs of Department of Defense beneficiaries at home. These patients have ranged from young, healthy active-duty personnel to aging retirees, historically presenting a broad range of injuries and illnesses for treatment. However, between the demands of deployments creating gaps in staff at home and changes in care plans, some beneficiaries now seek care in the civilian sector. In addition, several AFMS hospitals stateside have been closed, converted to clinics, or combined with those of other services for various reasons. All is problematic for two reasons: First, inpatient workloads in particular represent the best opportunities for critical care providers to prepare for their wartime missions. AFMS will need to increase these opportunities, perhaps working with other services, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or civilian hospitals. Second, AFMS's funding depends, in part, on the workload performed, but current measurement methods do not necessarily do a good job of accounting for the work AFMS practitioners accomplish outside their home stations. Some imminent changes may help resolve this situation, but AFMS should pursue opportunities to create additional workload for its medical personnel and to increase its budgets.
Campath activity in tumor bearing mice involves both ADCC and CDC effector functions (2007)

3547 Campath (Alemtuzumab) is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface glycoprotein CD52 which is expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B and T lymphocytes as well as on NK cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Currently, Campath is approved for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). We have previously demonstrated that, in vitro, Campath is able to induce killing of CD52+ tumor cells through both ADCC and CDC associated mechanisms. However, the mechanism(s) by which Campath depletes malignant lymphocytes in vivo is not clearly defined. To evaluate the activity of Campath in vivo, xenograft tumor studies were first performed to determine whether treatment with the antibody could affect the growth of subcutaneous tumors. SCID mice were injected with a lethal dose of tumorigenic CHO cells engineered to express human CD52. Mice were then treated twice weekly with either Campath or a control antibody. Treatment with either vehicle or the control antibody had no significant impact on the progression of the tumors. In contrast, administration of Campath resulted in the dose dependent inhibition of tumor growth and increased survival. Following i.v. administration in tumor bearing animals, Campath, quickly localized to the tumor and remained present for several days based on in vivo imaging analysis. To determine whether Campath activity was associated with ADCC or CDC in vivo, NK cells or complement were selectively depleted using anti-asialo GM1 treatment or cobra venom factor, respectively. Results indicated that, under the conditions tested, inactivation of either arm alone did not significantly inhibit the protective activity of Campath. A deglycosylated form of Campath was generated that did not exhibit either ADCC or CDC effector function in vitro but bound to CD52 positive cells to the same extent as unmodified Campath. Compared to unmodified Campath, the deglycosylated antibody lost all anti-tumor activity and did not provide any survival advantage over treatment with vehicle alone. These data suggest that, in this model, the anti-tumor protection provided by Campath is not strictly dependent on ADCC or CDC alone but is severely compromised when both mechanisms are inactivated.
Rayleigh scattering of elastic waves from cracks (1979)

We discuss apparent characteristic features of Rayleigh scattering of elastic waves from cracks. Interpreting these features, we suggest a procedure that in some experimental situations may be useful to distinguish generally shaped cracks from volume defects and to determine for elliptically shaped cracks the orientation, shape, and size.
The Evaluation of the Addition of Phosphatic Clay in Cement Paste and Concrete (2011)

Phosphatic clay is a by-product of the phosphate strip mining industry, and disposal is particularly a problem in Florida, USA. This waste material occupies about 100,000 acres of land which could be utilized for other causes. Thus, its potential utilization as a supplementary cementing material added to the cement paste matrix of concrete to produce higher strength would be beneficial for both the mining and construction industries. The waste clay contains calcium montmorillonite, which should react pozzolanically with the calcium hydroxide produced from the hydration reactions to produce additional C-S-H, the building block of concrete systems, and thus enhancing the mechanical properties of cement paste and concrete. The effects of phosphatic clay addition on the bulk properties of cement paste and concrete are investigated, and it is shown that moderate additions (5% replacement of cement by mass) can indeed produce a significant increase in strength. The effect of the modified paste on the interfacial transition zone in concrete is also observed.
Langasite family crystals as promising materials for microacoustic devices at cryogenic temperatures (2015)

Using the pulse-echo ultrasonic technique, the velocities of the longitudinal and the shear bulk acoustic waves propagating in five crystallographic directions of LGS and SNGS single crystals were measured in a wide temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K. Elastic constants are derived and treated in the frame of Varshni approach. Some characteristic parameters of the theory are obtained. Strong piezoelectric excitation survives down to liquid helium temperature.
Small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) real-time intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) using onboard pre-processing (2008)

Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in-theater to provide low-cost, low-profile aerial reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities. However, inherent platform limitations on size, weight, and power restrict the ability to provide sensors and communications which can present high-resolution imagery to the end-user. This paper discusses methods to alleviate this restriction by performing on-board pre-processing of high resolution images and downlinking the post-processed imagery. This has the added benefit of reducing the workload for a warfighter who is already heavily taxed by other duties.
CO Removal from Reformed Gas by Catalytic Methanation for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Applications (2004)

CO removal from a reformed gas by catalytic methanation on Ru/Al2O3 was studied for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) systems. The effects of the gas composition and the reaction temperature on CO methanation activity were examined. The ratio of methanation of CO to that of CO + CO2 was also investigated. Consequently, it was found that CO could be removed from a reformed gas to below 10 ppm by controlling CO2 methanation by multi-stage CO methanation, while CO could not be reduced to below 10 ppm by single-stage CO methanation due to the presence of CO2.
Über die potentiometrische Bestimmung kleinster Jodmengen (1934)

Abstract Die potentiometrische Jodidtitration, die auf der Oxydation des Jodids mit Kaliumbromat zu Jodmonochlorid beruht, erwies sich als äusserst empfindlich. Titrationskurven von Lösungen, die pro Liter 0,1 mg Jodid enthalten, zeigen noch einen gut ausgeprägten Potentialsprung im Äquivalenzpunkt der Jodmonochlorid‐Bildung. Chlorid und Bromid stören nicht, selbst wenn diese beiden Halogenide in sehr grossem Überschuss im Vergleich zur Jodidmenge vorliegen.
Plasma focus generated by radial foils on COBRA (2011)

Summary form only given. Radial foil configurations on the COrnell Beam Research Accelerator (COBRA) provide a convenient setup to study plasma foci using a high Z element such as aluminum. JxB forces push the plasma produced by the foil along the central pillar. Upon reaching the top, it collapses due to a magnetic pinch force, producing a plasma focus. The setup consists of a central pillar 6 mm tall and 1.5mm in diameter surrounded by an array of 6 to 8 vertical rods 20 mm in diameter with 8.5 mm spacing. Anode contact is asymmetrical about the edge of the foil, and the cathode consists of a hollow stainless steel pin with diameter 1.5mm located below the central pillar. The focus is observed through XUV pinhole cameras and by laser shadowgraphy. X-ray transmission intensities collected from PCD probes yield X-ray energies above 900 eV at the time of the focus, which implies an aluminum ionization level of 7 - 8. Numerical simulations using the PERSEUS code describe the plasma evolution and provide estimates of density, temperature and velocity for comparison to experimental data.
Smog-tolerant petunias developed at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum (1974)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Direct Experimental Visualization of Photonic Band Structure of 3D Photonic Crystal (1999)

Photonic crystals (PCs) have become one of major targets for today's state-of-the-art photonics. To study a PC, it is crucial to know its band structure; just like that one needs to know electronic band structure to understand electronic properties of solids.
Practical modeling of acoustic losses in air due to heat conduction and viscosity (2008)

Accurate acoustics models of small devices with cavities and narrow slits and ducts should include the so-called boundary layer attenuation caused by thermal conduction and viscosity. The purpose of this paper is to present and compare different methods for including these loss mechanisms in analytical and numerical models. A simple circular geometry with a narrow tube has been used as a reference and is investigated both through measurements and the different models. The simulation methods compared are: i) traditional analytical approaches such as lumped parameter modelling and transmission line modelling, ii) numerical methods implemented into commercial packages, such as the low reduced frequency models as proposed by W. M. Beltman and implemented in ACTRAN and the linearized Navier-Stokes equations used in COMSOL Multiphysics, and iii) an implementation specifically made for this purpose using BEM and the full linearized model by M. Bruneau.
Linear segmentation and segment relevence (1998)

We present a new method for discovering a segmental discourse structure of a document while categorizing each segment's function and importance. Segments are determined by a zero-sum weighting scheme, used on occurrences of noun phrases and pronominal forms retrieved from the document. Segment roles are then calculated from the distribution of the terms in the segment. Finally, we present results of evaluation in terms of precision and recall which surpass earlier approaches.
Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. I. Activation of adenylate cyclase by 5-hydroxytryptamine. (1976)

5-Hydroxytryptamine caused a marked accumulation of endogenous adenosine cyclic 39,59-monophosphate in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, especially in the anterior end (head) of the organism. The accumulation of the cyclic nucleotide and the accompanying increase in motility of the isolated fluke head were dependent on 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration. Adenylate cyclase in particles from fluke heads also showed a greater activation by 5-hydroxytryptamine than did particles from the posterior end of the fluke. The ability of indoleamine analogues of 5-hydroxytryptamine to stimulate fluke motility and to activate adenylate cyclase was found to diminish with decreasing structural similarity of the analogue to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Both the free amino and 5-hydroxyl groups of 5-hydroxytryptamine appear to be important for its recognition by adenylate cyclase. The results support the hypothesis that adenosine cyclic 39,59-monophosphate acts as a second messenger for 5-hydroxytryptamine in invertebrates. On the other hand, this investigation suggests no direct relationship between the elevation of the cyclic nucleotide and the stimulation of motility. Both amphetamine and D-lysergic acid diethylamide stimulated fluke motility but did not cause an increase in endogenous levels of the cyclic nucleotide. Moreover, D-lysergic acid diethylamide antagonized the 5-hydroxytryptamine activation of adenylate cyclase. The results suggest that this antagonism may be related to the high affinity of D-lysergic acid diethylamide for its site on adenylate cyclase.
Temperature Dependence of Dominant Hillock Phases during Electromigration of Eutectic SnPb Solder Lines (2007)

In-situ observation by scanning electron microscope of the microstructure evolution near the cathode depletion region and the quantitative analysis on the number of hillock phases in the eutectic SnPb edge drift structure made it clear that the dominant migrating element and dominant hillock phase were Sn and Pb, respectively, under 50 oC while both dominant migrating element and dominant hillock phase were Pb above 100 oC. Such temperature-dependence of the dominant hillock phases in the eutectic SnPb solder can be understood by considering the atomic size factors of the metallic solid solutions.
Extended abstract: <i>Abrogation of cell cycle checkpoint control in preneoplastic cells</i> (1995)

Abstract Genomic integrity is maintained by a network of cellular activities that assesses the status of the genome at a given point in time and that provides signals to proceed with or to halt cell cycle progression. Recent studies have identified cellular proteins that are the targets for the viral oncoproteins involved in these processes. We demonstrate that the expression of human papilloma virus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in normal mortal cells disrupts the integration of the network of signals that maintain genomic integrity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L'effet de l'enchaînement sur la reconnaissance des mots dans la parole continue (1996)

Résumé L'enchaînement peut mener à des ambiguïtés lexicales, surtout lorsqu'il se fait avec une liaison. Or, les modèles d'accès au lexique actuels ne cherchent pas à rendre compte de ce phénomène. Dans cette étude, nous déterminons d'abord le degré d'ambiguïté de trois types d'enchaînement et montrons que l'enchaînement avec liaison est plus ambigu que celui sans liaison. Nous mettons en évidence ensuite la relation qui existe entre le degré d'ambiguïté des mots enchaînés et leur traitement en temps réel. Nous montrons enfin que la durée de la consonne d'enchaînement explique en partie les résultats obtenus. Nous terminons en décrivant la manière dont un modèle connexionniste d'accès au lexique peut rendre compte du phénomène d'enchaînement. Mots-clés: psycholinguistique, perception, parole, accès au lexique, enchaînement, liaison.
Metastases to skeletal muscles and interferon treatment. (1992)

Blood-borne metastases to a skeletal muscle are rare and may originate in various primary tumors. Recurrent solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma, and metastatic lesion as part of disseminated malignant melanoma in skeletal muscles are reported in two patients. In both cases interferon treatment with or without chemotherapy failed in arresting the disease.
Acridin-10-ium 6-carboxypyridine-2-carboxylate (2011)

The title compound, C(13)H(10)N(+)·C(7)H(4)NO(4) (-), consists of a protonated acridinium cation and a 6-carb-oxy-pyridine-2-carboxyl-ate monoanion. The carboxyl-ate group of the anion appears to be delocalized on the basis of the nearly equivalent C-O bond lengths. In the crystal, the anions are connected by strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis. The acridinium cations are linked to the anionic chains by strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl-ate group of the anion and the N-H group of the cation. Along the b axis, successive chains stack in opposite directions. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the crystal structure.
Novel Stable Silyl, Germyl, and Stannyl Germanium(II) Compounds Containing an Amidinato Ligand (2011)

Reactions of the N,N′-chelated chlorogermanium(II) compound [Me3SiNC(Ph)NSiMe3]GeCl with the magnesium reagents Mg[E(SiMe3)3]2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) gave the new metallyl germylenes [Me3SiNC(Ph)NSiMe3]GeE(SiMe3)3, representing the first isolated silyl- and stannylgermylenes. These compounds have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and their structures determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Further evidence from a murine infection model that famciclovir interferes with the establishment of HSV-1 latent infections (2000)

Mice were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) via the ear pinna. Famciclovir therapy was commenced on days 2-7 post infection (p.i.). The ipsilateral and contralateral trigeminal (TG) and third cervical ganglia (CIII) from individual mice were tested for latency 1 and 6 months after infection by explant culture or in situ hybridization for latency-associated transcripts (LAT). There were significantly fewer LAT-positive neurons in ipsilateral and contralateral TG (but not CIII) when therapy was delayed by up to 6 days. There was a low correlation between the number of LAT-positive neurons and reactivation by explant culture. Latency data for individual ganglia, compared with those from previous studies, allow us to rationalize differences between the effects of nucleosides on the establishment of latency in different anatomical sites and when tissues are evaluated using different techniques. The implications of the findings for the use of famciclovir to counter HSV latency in humans are addressed.
Tetrathienylethylenes, a New Class of Electron Donors—Dications Twisted by 90° Stabilized by Formation of Polymethine Units (1992)

With a 90° twist between the two halves, dication 12+ is the first ethylene dication with the maximum distortion possible. The stabilization of the positive charge is achieved in the separate halves of the dication by delocalization over polymethine units. 12+, whose ClO salt melts at about 170°C with decomposition, is obtained from the electrochemical oxidation of 1. The structure of neutral 1 differs substantially from that of its dication.
Spin Bose-Glass Phase in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">ν</mml:mi><mml:mspace/><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mspace/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math> (1999)

We develop an effective spin theory to describe magnetic properties of the $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2$ quantum Hall bilayer systems. In the absence of disorder this theory agrees with the microscopic Hartree-Fock calculations, and for finite disorder it predicts the existence of a novel spin Bose-glass phase. The Bose glass is characterized by the presence of domains of canted antiferromagnetic phase with zero average antiferromagnetic order and short range correlations. It has infinite antiferromagnetic transverse susceptibility and finite longitudinal spin susceptibility. Transition from the canted antiferromagnetic phase to the spin Bose-glass phase is characterized by a universal value of the spin conductance.
Regulating Export of ER Cargo (2000)

One of the goals of gene therapy is the administration of genes (or their protein products) so that the therapeutic proteins are rapidly delivered to the correct location in a physiological manner. In a Perspective,
 Aridor and Balch
 discuss new findings (
 Rivera
 et al. ) that capitalize on the ability of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to harbor protein aggregates for regulated delivery to the cell surface. The new work demonstrates that aggregates of a fusion protein (FKBP12 and either insulin or growth hormone) accumulate in the ER. Addition of a small-molecule drug that dissolves the aggregates results in rapid export of these therapeutic hormones and their release into the circulation.
Dopamine agonists: structure-activity relationships (1985)

In the several years since Blaschko [1] first suggested that dopamine might be a neurotransmitter substance, many chemical compounds have been found to possess dopamine-like actions. This review surveys classes of structures for which putative dopaminergic agonism has been reported, and cites structure-activity correlations. Some aspects of metabolism of the agents are addressed, which seem to have relevance to structure-activity considerations and to strategy of drug design.
Chondrocalcinosis secondary to hypomagnesemia in Gitelman's syndrome. (2005)

Chondrocalcinosis can be associated with hyperparathyroidism, hemochromatosis, hypophosphatasia, and hypomagnesemia. Gitelman syndrome (GS), an inherited disorder due to loss of function mutations of the gene encoding the distal convoluted tubule Na-Cl cotransporter (NCCT), is characterized by hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. A 53-year-old man, with history of recurrent joint effusions and pains affecting knees and wrists, had transient episodes of muscle pain, weakness, cramping, and fatigue over a one-year period. Laboratory tests showed hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia related to genetically proven GS. Radiographs of affected joints revealed calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition. This observation points out the necessity to look for Mg depletion (and especially GS) in the biological investigation of chondrocalcinosis. Additionally, the association between GS (NCCT inactivation) and high bone mineral density provides a new insight into the possible role of thiazides in osteoporosis management.
Probabilistic accounting of uncertainty in forecasts of species distributions under climate change (2013)

Forecasts of species distributions under future climates are inherently uncertain, but there have been few attempts to describe this uncertainty comprehensively in a probabilistic manner. We developed a Monte Carlo approach that accounts for uncertainty within generalized linear regression models (parameter uncertainty and residual error), uncertainty among competing models (model uncertainty), and uncertainty in future climate conditions (climate uncertainty) to produce site-specific frequency distributions of occurrence probabilities across a species' range. We illustrated the method by forecasting suitable habitat for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Interior Columbia River Basin, USA, under recent and projected 2040s and 2080s climate conditions. The 95% interval of total suitable habitat under recent conditions was estimated at 30.1-42.5 thousand km; this was predicted to decline to 0.5-7.9 thousand km by the 2080s. Projections for the 2080s showed that the great majority of stream segments would be unsuitable with high certainty, regardless of the climate data set or bull trout model employed. The largest contributor to uncertainty in total suitable habitat was climate uncertainty, followed by parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty. Our approach makes it possible to calculate a full distribution of possible outcomes for a species, and permits ready graphical display of uncertainty for individual locations and of total habitat.