gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Residual Stresses in Single-Pass and Multipass SA508 Steel Welds (2010)

The safe operation of a power plant is contingent on the integrity of its welded joints. In turn, the performance of these welded joints is strongly influenced by the residual stresses that remain after fabrication and, where applicable, post-weld heat treatment operations. It is thus critical that careful consideration is given to the influence of weld residual stresses on plant integrity at the design stage, as well as during subsequent service. Since it is generally difficult to measure weld residual stresses in thick-walled components, numerical models are employed to make predictions. Such models, however, will be limited by our understanding of material behaviour, particularly in the case of multipass welds, which involve several complex thermo-mechanical cycles. Here, we report on neutron diffraction measurements, which enable the residual stresses for a single weld bead deposited on to a 20 mm thick SA508 steel plate to be compared with those in an 8-pass groove weld. The same low-carbon (SD3) filler metal was used in the manufacture of both types of specimen. Interestingly, the residual stress distributions for each type of specimen were found to be very similar. This suggests that cyclic hardening effects did not play a decisive role in determining the final residual stress distribution within the multipass weld.
Synthesis of Trideca-<i>O</i>-methyl-α-pedunculagin. Diastereo-Favoritism Studies on Intramolecular Ester-Cyclization of Axially Chiral Diphenic Acids with Carbohydrate Core (1996)

Total synthesis of trideca-O-methyl-alpha-pedunculagin was achieved by a simple sequence. The key step is the synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-O-[(S)-4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexamethoxydiphenoyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside through intramolecular ester-cyclization of racemic hexamethoxydiphenoyl chloride with methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside at the 2,3-position. The diastereoselectivity results obtained in the intramolecular cyclization of hexamethoxydiphenic acid to the carbohydrate core raises a very interesting point in considering the pathway of (R)-diphenic acid biosynthesis.
Listening comprehension games for portuguese: exploring the best features (2011)

This paper investigates which features would be the best to include in a listening comprehension game for European Portuguese.The goal is to develop a method to motivate non-native speakers of Portuguese to engage themselves in activities intended to develop their listening comprehension skills.The approach adopted herein consisted in providing students with several sets of exercises, each set with some slight variations over the previous one.Finally, a questionnaire was presented to the students with the intent of receiving feedback about the most adequate functionalities.The paper also explores students main difficulties with the language so as to define learning models able to adapt the difficulty level of the exercises to each individual's language proficiency level.
Anti-biofilm Activity of Graphene Quantum Dots via Self-Assembly with Bacterial Amyloid Proteins (2019)

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms represent an essential part of Earth’s ecosystem that can cause multiple ecological, technological and health problems. The environmental resilience and sophisticated organization of biofilms are enabled by the extracellular matrix that creates a protective network of biomolecules around the bacterial community. Current anti-biofilm agents can interfere with extracellular matrix production but, being based on small molecules, are degraded by bacteria and rapidly diffuse away from biofilms. Both factors severely reduce their efficacy, while their toxicity to higher organisms create additional barriers to their practicality. In this paper we report on the ability of graphene quantum dots to effectively disperse mature Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, interfering with the self-assembly of amyloid fibers - a key structural component of the extracellular matrix. Mimicking peptide-binding biomolecules, graphene quantum dots form supramolecular complexes with phenol soluble modulins, the peptide monomers of amyloid fibers. Experimental and computational results show that graphene quantum dots efficiently dock near the N -terminus of the peptide and change the secondary structure of phenol soluble modulins, which disrupts their fibrillation and represents a novel strategy for mitigation of bacterial communities. GQD mediated staphylococcal biofilm dispersal. GQDs interact with PSM peptides and frustrate the fibrillation process. The reduction in amyloid fibers prevents robust stabilization of the biofilm. In addition, there is an increase in free monomeric and oligomeric PSM peptides which trigger dispersal events.
On supply chain contracts as risk sharing mechanisms (2019)

In this paper, we consider risk and return in the buyback contract and the revenue sharing contract. Risk is measured by the variability in profits and return by average profits. We analyse the two firms in the supply chain using the Newsboy inventory model and standard results related to modelling of buyback contracts and revenue sharing contracts. We also use simulation. We show that the two contracts represent an opportunity for the manufacturer to increase return at the expense of taking a moderate risk. For the retailer, it is possible to benefit both ways in the two contracts. We show numerically that he can simultaneously get a higher return and a lower risk by entering into the two contracts. The manufacturer's risk always gets increased with the two contracts. The retailer's risk can get increased or lowered with the contracts. If the contract parameters are chosen such that the retailer's risk gets lowered, then the contracts act as risk sharing mechanisms. They lower the higher risk of the retailer and transfer some of it to the manufacturer.
Salmonella effector AvrA promotes cellular proliferation (2009)

Certain enteric pathogens evade elimination by secreting proteins that have potent suppressive effects on apoptosis and innate immunity. For example, the intracellular pathogen Salmonella secretes AvrA which specifically inhibits host JNK pathway signaling. We created a transgenic Drosophila harboring avrA, allowing directed expression of AvrA in fly tissues. We previously showed AvrA is a potent inhibitor of pro‐apoptotic JNK signaling in Drosophila. Here, we report that AvrA expression in a background of constitutive Eiger expression (Drosophila TNF‐alpha) resulted in increased proliferation of Drosophila epithelial tissue and importantly of Drosophila phagocytes (hemocytes) whereas AvrA activity in a non Eiger expressing background did not. Reporter gene assays in mammalian cultured cells showed AvrA mediated inhibition of JNK signaling, together with TNF‐alpha stimulation resulted in increased levels of pro‐proliferative ERK signaling. Finally, a murine Salmonella infection model showed that wild type Salmonella caused increased tissue BrdU positive splenocytes, compared to infection with an AvrA null mutant where no BrdU positive cells were detected. Together, these studies show Salmonella has evolved a protein that inhibits the pro‐apoptotic JNK pathway and also stimulates epithelial tissue and phagocyte growth under pro‐inflammatory conditions.
Structural analysis of the human tibia by tomographic (pQCT) serial scans (2010)

This study analyses the evaluation of tomographic indicators of tibia structure, assuming that the usual loading pattern shifts from uniaxial compression close to the heel to a combined compression, torsion and bending scheme towards the knee. To this end, pQCT scans were obtained at 5% intervals of the tibia length (S5-S95 sites from heel to knee) in healthy men and women (10/10) aged 20-40 years. Indicators of bone mass [cortical area, cortical/total bone mineral content (BMC)], diaphyseal design (peri/endosteal perimeters, cortical thickness, circularity, bending/torsion moments of inertia - CSMIs), and material quality [(cortical vBMD (bone mineral density)] were determined. The longitudinal patterns of variation of these measures were similar between genders, but male values were always higher except for cortical vBMD. Expression of BMC data as percentages of the minimal values obtained along the bone eliminated those differences. The correlative variations in cortical area, BMC and thickness, periosteal perimeter and CSMIs along the bone showed that cortical bone mass was predominantly associated with cortical thickness toward the mid-diaphysis, and with bone diameter and CSMIs moving more proximally. Positive relationships between CSMIs (y) and total BMC (x) showed men's values shifting to the upper-right region of the graph and women's values shifting to the lower-left region. Total BMC decayed about 33% from S5 to S15 (where minimum total BMC and CSMI values and variances and maximum circularity were observed) and increased until S45, reaching the original S5 value at S40. The observed gender-related differences reflected the natural allometric relationships. However, the data also suggested that men distribute their available cortical mass more efficiently than women. The minimum amount and variance of mass indicators and CSMIs, and the largest circularity observed at S15 reflected the assumed adaptation to compression pattern at that level. The increase in CSMIs (successively for torsion, A-P bending, and lateral bending), the decrease in circularity values and the changes in cortical thickness and periosteal perimeter toward the knee described the progressive adaptation to increasing torsion and bending stresses. In agreement with the biomechanical background, the described relationships: (i) identify the sites at which some changes in tibial stresses and diaphyseal structure take place, possibly associated with fracture incidence; (ii) allow prediction of mass indicators at any site from single determinations; (iii) establish the proportionality between the total bone mass at regions with highly predominant trabecular and cortical bone of the same individual, suitable for a specific evaluation of changes in trabecular mass; and (iv) evaluate the ability of bone tissue to self-distribute the available cortical bone according to specific stress patterns, avoiding many anthropometric and gender-derived influences.
The System CaO‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐H <sub>2</sub> O (1956)

Phase equilibria have been determined in the system CaO‐Al 2 O 3 ‐H 2 O in the temperature range 100° to 1000°C. under water pressures of up to 3000 atmospheres. Only three hydrated phases are formed stably in the system: Ca(OH) 2 , 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·6H 2 O, and 4CaO·3Al 2 O 3 ‐3H 2 O. Pressure‐temperature curves delineating the equilibrium decomposition of each of these phases have been determined, and some ther‐mochemical data have been deduced therefrom. It has been established that both the compounds CaO·Al 2 O 3 and 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 have a minimum temperature of stability which is above 1000°C. The relevance of the new data to some aspects of cement chemistry is discussed.
Failures in Mitral Valve Repair: Echocardiographic and Surgical Predictors (2017)

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate and identify echocardiographic and surgical factors predisposing patients to failure after mitral valve repair leading to reoperation.
Selective modulation of bacterial attachment to oral epithelial cells by enzyme activities associated with poor oral hygiene (1990)

The present investigation explored the hypothesis that elevated levels of certain enzymes in the gingival crevicular environment of individuals with poor oral hygiene and/or gingival inflammation may modify the surfaces of epithelial cells and thereby modulate the types of bacteria which attach and colonize. Buccal epithelial cells treated with neuraminidase and certain proteases were used as a model for study. Bacteria studied included Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis which have been associated with gingival health, Actinomyces species which are increased in plaque associated with developing gingivitis, and Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans which are associated with destructive periodontal diseases. Treatment of epithelial cells with the enzymes studied produced selective effects on their receptivity for bacteria. Neuraminidase treatment of epithelial cells greatly reduced the attachment of all strains of S. sanguis and S. mitis studied. In contrast, the number of Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii and A. israelii cells which attached was significantly increased. Neuraminidase treatment also appeared to enhance attachment of B. intermedius and B. gingivalis. Treatment of buccal cells with trypsin, chymotrypsin or papain also selectively affected bacterial attachment. Such protease treatment greatly reduced the numbers of streptococci and A. viscosus cells which attached, while the numbers of B. gingivalis and B. intermedius were significantly increased. Treatment of epithelial cells with preparations of lysosomal enzymes derived from human PMNs produced similar selective effects. The changes in bacterial adhesion observed by the enzyme treatments studied are consistent with the shifts in the composition of the gingival crevice flora which occur when oral hygiene is terminated and gingivitis develops.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript inhibits apoptosis and promotes neurite sprouting in neuroblastoma cells following serum starvation by maintaining protein kinase B (AKT) levels (2009)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) is expressed abundantly in latently infected sensory neurons. LAT-deletion-mutant virus strains have reduced-reactivation phenotypes in small animal models of infection, demonstrating that LAT plays an important role in the latency-reactivation cycle of HSV-1. Previous studies demonstrated that the anti-apoptosis functions of LAT are important for regulating the latency-reactivation cycle because three different anti-apoptosis genes can substitute for LAT. Although LAT inhibits caspase 3 activation, the signalling pathway by which LAT inhibits caspase 3 activation was not identified. In this study, we analysed mouse neuroblastoma cells (C1300) that express LAT stably (DC-LAT6 cells) following serum starvation. As expected, DC-LAT6 cells were resistant to apoptosis following serum withdrawal. Levels of total and phosphorylated AKT (protein kinase B), a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell survival, were higher in DC-LAT6 cells after serum withdrawal than in C1300 cells or a cell line stably transfected with a LAT promoter mutant (DC-DeltaLAT311). A specific AKT inhibitor reduced the anti-apoptosis functions of LAT and phosphorylated AKT levels. After serum withdrawal, more DC-LAT6 cells sprouted neurites and exhibited a differentiated morphology. NeuN (neuronal nuclei), a neuron-specific nuclear protein, was expressed abundantly in DC-LAT6 cells, but not C1300 cells, after serum withdrawal, further supporting the concept that LAT enhanced neuronal-like morphology. Collectively, these studies suggested that LAT, directly or indirectly, maintained total and phosphorylated AKT levels, which correlated with increased cell survival and mature neuronal-like morphology.
Lateral Touch and Frictional Vibrations of Human Fingerprints (2005)

In this report, we experimentally show that human fingerprints play a significant role in the lateral touch vibratory mechanisms and that direction of movement results in differ-ent dynamic strains on the pulp. Sources that generate sound at the interface are first empiri-cally identified and a spherical model of the index finger is proposed to forecast the radiated fields. Then, haptic sounds are recorded using a miniature microphone placed in the near field. Results are compared with vibrometric measurements carried out in quite similar conditions to assess of the results relevance. Results show that fingerprints can?t be neglected in the tri-bologic interaction. Finally, this research provide a useful information for tactile displays de-signers and offers future investigations perspectives in many research fields linked with the haptic science.
Optimization of transmit/receive array processing for high rate acoustic communications (2004)

A broadband acoustic communication link between a user equipped with a single transmit/receive element and a station equipped with an array is considered. System optimization is conducted to obtain transmit/receive filtering techniques that provide best performance over a multipath channel under varying system constraints. Two classes of systems are considered: those that aim for complete intersymbol interference suppression and those that use equalization at the receiver side. Both systems are considered with or without the possibility to implement a perfect channel feedback. Transmit/receive filters are derived analytically, and performance of each scheme is assessed through its data detection SNR. Performance of various techniques is compared analytically, using an example of a shallow water channel, where transmission at high bit rate results in extensive delay spread.
Radio coverage of road tunnels at 900 and 1800 MHz by discrete antennas (2002)

Cellular network operators are greatly interested in radio propagation in tunnels and other wave guiding structures. Road tunnels are commonly served by leaky feeders to provide VHF radio coverage. For UHF and up, we present an attractive alternative to this solution, using discrete antennas in- or outside the tunnel, depending on the tunnel's length. The key to coverage predictions is a "critical distance", after which higher-order modes excited near the antenna have died out. This distance depends on tunnel cross-section dimensions and wavelength. A propagation model using this critical distance can predict power level versus length for distances larger than the critical one (e.g. 300 m for 900 MHz in a Euro-standard dual-lane tunnel). Two reference measurements are needed as input for the prediction. Validation measurements taken in a dual-lane road tunnel at 900 and 1800 MHz showed the prediction to be useful at various traffic rates. Traffic does not significantly hamper propagation, if only the vehicles leave enough space in the cross section, nor do bends with curvature radii commonly used in motorway tunnels.
Some aspects on mechanisms responsible for contamination of optical components in DUV lithographic exposure tools (2005)

Lithographic exposure tools in the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) region face challenges with contamination. Airborne molecular contamination is generally recognized as a severe threat in high-volume production of integrated circuits (ICs), and has recently also become of a concern in patterning of masks. When using high-energy photons at 248nm wavelength or lower, the risk of contamination may increase due to higher potential of breaking molecular bonds of organic species in the ambient of the optics. Especially resist outgassing during exposure may result in a build-up on the surface of the lens. The photodissociated molecules may readily deposit on the optics depending on the interaction between the contaminants and the lens surface and possibly cause a loss of transmission of light with time. Eventually the growth of the deposit will severely impact the throughput of the exposure tool, and in the worst case, necessitate a replacement of lens elements. Contamination control is therefore crucial for cost-effective DUV wafer and mask manufacturing. Trustworthy measurement methods as well as deep understanding of the mechanisms involved are of vital importance in order to understand and prevent molecular contamination. This paper discusses some of the factors influencing the deposition of hydrocarbon contaminants and also simulation work related to investigation of resist outgassing and contamination issues in the Sigma7300 laser pattern generator.
A Hill-type Model Of The Urinary Bladder (2005)

To investigate the mechanical from Bladder Wall properties of the urinary bladder, we have created a Hill-type model of strips from the bladder wall and incorporated it into an isotropic homogeneous sphere model of the entire bladder. Experimentally determined material properties of the bladder wall can be related via our model to mechanics of the whole bladder. The mechanics of the passive bladder wall alone can account for the pressure-volume behavior at low volumes. At high volumes, pressures exceed those predicted for a passive detrusor muscle. This model can be used to compare the mechanical responses of normal bladders to pathological ones. We plan to simulate overdistension and distinguish between the passive mechanical component and the neurallymediated component. Active Elemen
Inhibition of Human NK Cell-Mediated Killing by CD1 Molecules (2000)

It is now well established that NK cells recognize classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules and that such recognition typically results in the inhibition of target cell lysis. Given the known structural similarities between MHC class I and non-MHC-encoded CD1 molecules, we investigated the possibility that human CD1a, -b, and -c proteins might also function as specific target structures for NK cell receptors. Here we report that expression of CD1a, -b, or -c can partially inhibits target cell lysis by freshly isolated human NK cells and cultured NK lines. The inhibitory effects of CD1 molecules on NK cell could be shown upon expression of individual CD1 proteins in transfected NK-sensitive target cells, and these effects could be reversed by incubation of the target cells with mAbs specific for the expressed form of CD1. Inhibitory effects of CD1 expression on NK-mediated lysis could also be shown for cultured human dendritic cells, which represent a cell type that prominently expresses the various CD1 proteins in vivo. In addition, the bacterial glycolipid Ags known to be bound and presented by CD1 proteins could significantly augment the observed inhibitory effects on target cell lysis by NK cells.
A proposal of architectural elements for implementing secure software download service in software defined radio (2002)

In order to obtain an appropriate, high level of security, a number of architectural elements for secure downloading of software to a software defined radio (SDR) terminal have been pointed out. They include four different cryptographic techniques and employment of tamper resistant hardware. The cryptographic techniques employed are: (a) a secret key encryption technique; (b) a public key encryption technique; (c) a technique for cryptographic hashing and (d) a technique for digital signature. Particularly, a protocol for exchanging cryptographic components in an automatic manner without any assistance from the user, is proposed. Implementation characteristics of certain cryptographic components are also discussed.
Determinants of the Settlement Amount in Securities Fraud Class Action Litigation (2006)

This article identifies the factors most responsible for determining the settlement amount in securities fraud cases. It also develops a settlement model that incorporates these factors. This article analyzes a sample consisting of 525 securities fraud class action settlements that were reached between 1994 and 2005. It identifies the main drivers of the observed settlement amounts and develop a settlement model that explains more than fifty-six percent of the settlement amounts in terms of these settlement drivers. The settlement model should be useful to counsel or interested parties for gauging a reasonable settlement amount consistent with past experience. It should also be of interest to legal scholars because it identifies a set of factors that affect the settlement amount and quantifies their relative impact on the settlement amount for an important set of class actions. This article's modeling technique could be applied to other types of class action (or other) litigation to estimate similar models to aid in the litigation settlement process.