gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Otra historia de la psicología: una tríada de mujeres (2004)

La Historia de la Psicologia incluye posturas historiograficas criticas que senalan la notoria ausencia de aportes
de mujeres en la reconstruccion disciplinar, evidenciando sesgos de poder y genero en el discurso dominante.
Resultados parciales de una investigacion rescatan el aporte de tres mujeres cuyos trabajos merecen un
reconocimiento mas explicito y potente que el que han recibido hasta el momento. Se resume aspectos biograficos
articulados con la obra y produccion cientifica de la pionera estadounidense Mary Whiton Calkins (1883-1930),
de la suiza Barbel Inhelder (1913-1997), cuya carrera transcurre junto a Jean Piaget y de la canadiense Joan
Mowat Erikson (1903-1997), cuya produccion intelectual aparece subsumida en la de su esposo Erik. Se
destaca aspectos especificos de la trayectoria de cada una, confirmando la presencia de factores socioculturales
que habrian posibilitado discriminaciones por genero, tales como minimizacion de sus aportes teoricos y
experimentales o su eliminacion de la historia.
Write equalization in high-linear-density magnetic recording (1985)

For many years, equalization has been used on the read side of a magnetic-recording channel to obtain a desired signal shape at the detector. Compensation on the write side has, for the most part, been limited to moving transition locations to offset read-signal peak shifts. This paper presents a new method of equalization on the write side through the addition of pulses at strategic locations on the write waveform. The resulting write current continues to be a two-level signal, so ac bias is not required. A linear transfer function can be derived for these write equalizers. This enables the recording-channel designer to partition the equalization more optimally between the write and read sides. The principal benefit of write equalization is that the read-flux-amplitude differences between high and low densities are significantly reduced. This permits maximum use of the linear operating region of the magnetoresistive read head. By providing high-frequency boosts on the write side, write equalization can reduce high-frequency noises at the read detector. Test results of channel linearity, as well as read signal waveshapes, are presented.
Signal modeling with iterated function systems (1993)

this memory requirement issue may become a factor, in which case the Random Iteration Algorithm could be adapted to overcome the shortcomings mentioned here with some simple checks on the path of the calculations. 2.3 Conclusion
Melting temperature of YBa2Cu3O7−x and GdBa2Cu3O7−x at subatmospheric partial pressure (2016)

The melting temperature, Tm, of YBa2Cu3O7−x and GdBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor ceramic compounds has been measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA) over a large oxygen partial pressure range of five orders of magnitude (2·10−5 < PO2 < 1 bar). It is shown that the DTA peak and endset temperatures are closer to Tm than the onset temperature. Correct measurement of Tm requires low heating rates and subatmospheric pressure conditions to avoid temperature shifts due to local oxygen overpressure and kinetic effects.
Efflux Pumps in Drug Resistance of Candida (2006)

The incidences of human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans and its related species acquiring resistance to antifungals have increased considerably, which poses serious problems towards its successful chemotherapy. The resistance of these pathogenic fungi is not restricted to the commonly used triazole compounds but is even encountered, though not often, with polyene derivatives as well. The efflux pump proteins belonging to ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) and MFS (Major Facilitators) super family are the most prominent contributors of multidrug resistance (MDR) in yeasts. The abundance of the drug transporters and their wider specificity suggest that these transporters may not be exclusively drug exporters in yeasts and may have other cellular functions. In this article we focus on some of the recent advances on the structure and function, evolution and transcriptional control of drug efflux proteins of Candida. A short discussion on the physiological relevance of drug transporters is also included.
Cloning and Characterization of a Periplasmic Nuclease of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> and Its Role in Preventing Uptake of Foreign DNA (2001)

We have cloned a nuclease gene, vvn, from Vibrio vulnificus, an estuarine bacterium that causes wound infections and septicemia in humans and eels. The gene contained a 696-bp open reading frame encoding 232 amino acids (aa), including a signal sequence of 18 aa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature nuclease predicted a molecular mass of 25 kDa, which was confirmed by vital stain, and a pI of 8.6. Vvn was produced in the periplasm of either V. vulnificus or recombinant Escherichia coli strains and was active in the oxidized (but not the reduced) form. This nuclease was able to digest DNA and RNA, with differential thermostability in DNase and RNase activities. Expression of Vvn in E. coli DH5alpha reduced the frequencies of transformation with the divalent ion-treated cells and electroporation by about 6 and 2 logs, respectively. In addition, the transformation frequency of a Vvn-deficient V. vulnificus mutant (ND) was 10-fold higher than that of the parent strain. These data suggested that Vvn may be involved in preventing uptake of foreign DNA by transformation. However, Vvn expressed in the recipients had little effect on the conjugation frequency in either E. coli or V. vulnificus. Some other DNase(s) may be present in the periplasm and responsible for a residual DNase activity, which was about one-fourth of that of the parent strain, detected in the ND mutant. We also demonstrated that Vvn was not required for the virulence of V. vulnificus mice.
Pave Pillar in-house research final report (2003)

The authors report on the concepts and technologies required to develop, integrate, and test the Pave Pillar architecture in an avionics system. Hardware and software issues relating to multiprocessing, multitasking, and real-time reconfiguration are discussed. The issues involved in developing and integrating the VHSIC avionic modular processors (VAMPs), high-speed data bus networks, and Ada software are examined. An avionic hot bench simulation was integrated to provide a closed-loop real-time test set-up called the integrated testbed (ITB) facility. The configuration and test setup for the common avionics modules were selected to provide a realistic environment and to be as close to the defined Pave Pillar architecture as possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cost-effectiveness considerations in otitis media treatment (1996)

The costs of treatment of children with otitis media with effusion comprise a substantial part of the total health care expenditure. However, there is little information about the value of therapy expressed in cost-effectiveness terms, and disagreement still exists about optimal therapy. This article considers the elements of cost-effectiveness analysis as they pertain to treatment of young children with otitis media with effusion and develops a first approximation model using data from several sources. The assumptions on which this model is based need to be validated by additional research. Otitis media with effusion treatment costs are high because of the large, and apparently increasing, number of symptomatic cases. Medical therapy, which is the primary treatment modality, consumes two thirds of the expenditures for otitis media with effusion. Surgical therapy is a cost-effective treatment for children in whom medical therapy for otitis media with effusion fails. Medical and surgical therapy are complementary, and each should be included in the analysis of cost-effectiveness.
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressing SDF-1 promote hematopoietic stem cell function of human mobilised peripheral blood CD34<sup>+</sup>cells in vivo and in vitro (2010)

MSC with high-level expression of SDF-1 can synergistically promote hematopoietic reconstitution after CD34(+) cell transplantation in lethally irradiated SCID mice.
A Hidden Markov Model to detect coded information islands in free text (2013)

Emails and issue reports capture useful knowledge about development practices, bug fixing, and change activities. Extracting such a content is challenging, due to the mix-up of source code and natural language, unstructured text.
EN EL SIGLO XX, LA VIOLENCIA POLÍTICA GANÓ NUEVOS ESPACIOS EN EL ÁMBITO MUNDIAL (1997)

AL INTERVENIR EN EL COLOQUIO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE LA VIOLENCIA, ORGANIZADO POR LA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS, EL DOCTOR ADOLFO SANCHEZ REBOLLEDO, ARTICULISTA DEL PERIODICO LA JORNADA, ASEVERO QUE LEJOS DE DESAPARECER CON EL PROGRESO DEL SIGLO XX, LA VIOLENCIA, Y EN ESPECIAL LA VIOLENCIA POLITICA, GANA NUEVOS ESPACIOS Y CAUSA UNA EXTRANA FASCINACION ENTRE LOS MAS DIVERSOS SECTORES. INDICO QUE HOY VIVIMOS UNA SUERTE DE SECULARIZACION DE LA VIOLENCIA, CASI UNA DEMOCRATIZACION DE LA MISMA, QUE LEJOS DE CANCELAR, REFUERZA SU ANTIGUO PAPEL, EL MAS VIEJO Y ORIGINARIO, AL LADO DEL PODER EN EL ESTADO, QUE ES UNO DE SUS COMPONENTES ESENCIALES. PARA EL COLUMNISTA, LAS AGENCIAS DE DERECHOS HUMANOS CONFIRMAN QUE JUNTO CON LA VIOLENCIA REPRESIVA, EXISTE Y SE PRACTICA TODAVIA UN TERRORISMO DE ESTADO PURO. OTRO DE LOS PARTICIPANTES, EL DOCTOR MARCOS KAPLAN, DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES JURIDICAS, MENCIONO QUE TRES FENOMENOS REVELADORES DE LAS NUEVAS FORMAS DE VIOLENCIA EN AMERICA LATINA SON LAS ULTIMAS DICTADURAS DEL CONO SUR QUE INCLUYEN A ARGENTINA, BRASIL, URUGUAY Y CHILE; EL FENOMENO DE SENDERO LUMINOSO COMO UNA FORMA DE VIOLENCIA QUE VA MAS ALLA DE LA FORMA TRADICIONAL DE GUERRILLA Y TERRORISMO, Y EL NARCOTRAFICO COMO FENOMENO DE VIOLENCIA ESTRUCTURAL. OCTAVIO RODRIGUEZ ARAUJO, PROFESOR DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y SOCIALES Y ASESOR DEL EJERCITO ZAPATISTA DE LIBERACION NACIONAL, DEFINIO A LA VIOLENCIA SOCIAL COMO AQUELLA QUE ES, EN PRIMERA INSTANCIA, RESULTADO DE LA VIOLENCIA EJERCIDA POR LAS CLASES DOMINANTES, O COBIJADA POR EL PODER. UNA SEGUNDA HIPOTESIS, DIJO, ES QUE LA VIOLENCIA SOCIAL NUNCA ES GENERALIZADA, PERO TAMPOCO ES LA QUE LLEVAN A CABO GRUPOS DE VANGUARDIA SIN APOYOS SIGNIFICATIVOS Y RELATIVAMENTE DE SECTORES, CAPAS O CLASES SOCIALES. EL DOCTOR FERNANDO SAVATER, CATEDRATICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, HABLO DEL TERRORISMO DE QUE HA SIDO VICTIMA ESPANA POR PARTE DE LA ETA (ORGANIZACION VASCA REVOLUCIONARIA).
[Chemistry of polysaccharide Lzps-1 from Ganoderma lucidum spore and anti-tumor activity of its total polysaccharides]. (2005)

One polysaccharide, named Lzps-1 was obtained from the water extract, with its molecular weight estimated by HPGPC to be 8000. Its structure was investigated to be glucan. The total polysaccharides, Lzps processed antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung cancer in mice and enhanced the NK cell activity. Lzps-1 is obtained for the first time from Ganoderma spore Lzps has anti-tumor activity.
Mulitnationalisation, Globalisation and Internationalisation Breed Diversity: The Nigerian Experience (2013)

The study examines how the recent phenomena of multi-nationalisation, internalisation and globalisation brought together people from different cultural backgrounds to work together in the various workplaces. The study further analyses the impact of globalisation and internationalisation on the workers, their employers and the country at large.
Applications of monoclonal antibodies in solid-phase immunoassays of human luteinizing hormone. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies to human luteinizing hormone (hLH) were generated by a modified hybridoma technique. Out of forty hybrid cell lines that were shown to secrete antibodies reacting with hLH, LH35 and LH40 were further characterized biochemically and immunologically. LH35 was found to secrete immunoglobulin G1 antibody specific to the alpha-subunit of LH, whereas that of LH40 was beta-subunit specific. Association constants between the antibodies and LH were determined to be 2 X 10(8) and 1 X 10(9) M-1, respectively, by using competitive radioimmunoassay and Scatchard plots. Monoclonal antibodies from LH35 and LH40 were purified from the respective ascites fluids by ammonium sulfate fractionations and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. The purified alpha-subunit-specific antibody of LH35 was immobilized on polystyrene balls (6 mm in diameter), whereas purified LH40 antibody was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase or labeled with iodine-125. Solid-phase radio- and enzyme immunoassays were designed to measure relatively low concentrations of LH (2-100 mIU/ml). The LH surge during the midcycles of women with normal menstrual cycles could easily be detected from daily urine or serum specimens by a 1-h assay procedure. It is proposed that this new LH immunoassay procedure can be routinely used for predicting ovulation of women with normal menstrual cycles.
Modulation of the murine immune response to human IgG by complexing with monoclonal antibodies. II. Antibody responses to idiotopes of the human IgG paraprotein and of the mouse monoclonal antibodies. (1987)

Anti-idiotope antibodies produced by mice immunized with a human IgG paraprotein complexed with various mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) have been measured. All animals receiving more than one injection of the paraprotein (free or complexed with a mouse McAb) produced antibodies to the idiotypes of the paraprotein. Complexing with a McAb, especially an anti-Fc-gamma McAb, enhanced the response. Antibodies to the idiotopes of mouse McAbs were more difficult to produce and their production was very dependent on the mode and schedule of the immunization. The best antisera were produced by mice receiving a course of injections of pre-formed complexes of the IgG paraprotein and McAbs. Four of five mice produced antibodies to the idiotopes of an anti-light chain McAb (C4) after a course of immunization (one primary plus four boosts) of an IgG-C4 complex. Two of the six mice receiving a similar course of injections of the paraprotein complexed with an anti-gamma McAb (A55) produced high titres of antibodies to A55 idiotypes. Responses were enhanced when complexes were prepared with a pool of McAbs. It is probable that the formation of large multi-cross-linked complexes containing the McAb under study is important in generating the response. Once a response is initiated, very high titres may be achieved.
Inhibitors of Biosythesis of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Application as New Herbicides (2009)

The conventional herbicides (chloracetamides,oxyacetamides) are VLCFA-biosynthesis inhibitors.The development of those herbicides triggered the discovery of new herbicide target of elongases of very-long chain fatty acid (VLCFA).Pyroxasulfone is one example of this kind of herbicides that is effective for pre-emergence weed control of a wide spectrum of important grasses and broadleaf weeds in corn and soybean fields.It specifically inhibited the elongation step from C18:0 to C20:0 of VLCFA-biosynthesis.Its application rate is 1/8-/110 of the chloracetamides herbicides.
Current Status of Metastatic Cardiophrenic Lymph Nodes (CPLNs) in Patients With Ovarian Cancer: A Review (2021)

CPLNs were detected in up to 60% of patients and malignancy was pathologically confirmed in 45-95% of the cases. The presence of enlarged CPLNs was found to be a negative prognostic factor, although its impact on progression-free and overall survival is not yet clarified and needs further investigation.
Crystalline poly(<i>tert</i>‐butyl acrylate) (1959)

Abstract Crystalline poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) was prepared with lithium dispersions, n ‐butyllithium, and lithium plus n ‐butyllithium as catalysts. Methyl acrylate, n‐, see‐ , and iso ‐butyl acrylate gave only amorphous polymer under the conditions that produced crystalline poly( iert ‐butyl acrylate). Very pure monomer was necessary for the preparation of crystalline poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) with lithium dispersions. That the poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) was crystalline was shown by x‐ray diffraction, observation with the polarizing microscope (preparation of birefringent spherulites) and the electron microscope, study of infrared absorption, softening point, and density, and finally by preparation of crystalline polymethyl acrylate from crystalline poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) by ester interchange. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the crystalline poly( tert ‐butyl acrylate) showed no evidence of band splitting and the viscosity‐slope constant, k′ , was the same for crystallizable and noncrystallizable polymer.
Exploring the barrier to entry (2004)

We document the desi n and implementation of a "production" incremental garbage collector for GHC 6.2.It builds on our earlier work (Non-stop Haskell)that exploited GHC's dynamic dispatch mechanism to hijack object code pointers so that objects in to-space automatically scavenge themselves when the mutator attempts to "enter" them. This paper details various optimisations based on code specialisation that remove the dynamic space,and associated time, overheads that accompanied our earlier scheme.We detail important implementation issues and provide a detailed evaluation of a range of design alternatives in comparison with Non-stop Haskell and GHC's current generational collector.We also show how the same code specialisation techniques can be used to eliminate the write barrier in a enerational collector.
Laminating Effects in Glued-Laminated Timber Beams (1995)

Existing lamination and beam test results were analytically reviewed to quantify the laminating effect for European and North American glued-laminated (glulam) timber. The laminating effect is defined as the increase in strength of lumber laminations when bonded in a glulam beam compared with their strength when tested by standard test procedures. Fundamental concepts are presented to define the laminating effect, estimates are made of its magnitude, and relationships are presented to describe its character. Our review of experimental data indicated that the laminating effect ranged from 1.06 to 1.59 for European glulam and from 0.95 to 2.51 for North American glulam.
Some Effects of Noise on the Speaking Behavior of Stutterers (1974)

The purpose of the present research was to determine the influence of the loudness and spectrum of noise stimuli on stuttering frequency, reading rate, and vocal level. During each of six noise conditions and one non-noise condition, nine stutterers continuously read aloud prose passages during four successive five-minute periods. Low-pass (500-Hz cutoff frequency), high-pass (500-Hz cutoff frequency), and broad-band noise, psychophysically equated for loudness at two different levels, was presented during the third period of the six noise conditions. Stuttering frequency, reading rate, and vocal level were measured for the second and third periods of all conditions. The stutterers increased their vocal level while decreasing their stuttering frequency as a result of the loudness rather than the frequency spectrum of the noise. Reading rate was not significantly influenced by changes in the loudness or frequency spectrum of the noise. These results do not support the findings of others that low-pass noise decreases stuttering more than does high-pass noise.
Addressing disciplinary, and academic and practitioner divides in thinking on the city: the case of the ekistics model in the development of planning theory and urban studies (2013)

This paper starts by introducing the ekistics model of human settlements in terms of its interdisciplinary approach to thinking on the city, and its advocating research as the link between the academic and practitioner divide. By means of a literature review of scientific journals, the ekistics model is shown to be weakly positioned in the development of planning theory and practice. The paper goes on to address the extent to which the broader field of urban studies has drawn on a number of the underlying principles of the ekistics model. It is argued that while land use planning practice has been restricted in its ability to adopt the progressive aspects of the ekistic model, the integrated approach advocated by Doxiadis’ science of human settlements resonates with the work of scholars in the diverse disciplines comprising the field of urban studies, and finds echos in approaches used in a sample of current urban development projects.
Easy Preparation of 1,3-Di-<i>tert</i>-Butylbenzene and Some Derivatives Thereof (1996)

Abstract 1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene (4) can conveniently be prepared from 1-bromo-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene (2) which, in turn, is obtained from the easily available 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (1). The use of 4 is illustrated by the preparation of the arylphosphines 6 and 7.
NUCLEOGRAPHY (1952)

1. The technique of nucleography, in which a radio-opaque watery solution of iodine is injected into the nucleus pulposus for contrast-radiography, is described. 2. The merits of the procedure in demonstrating the shape and condition of nucleus are discussed.
Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) Cultivar Response to Metribuzin in Solution Culture (1979)

Twenty-eight commercial soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars of maturity classes V through VIII were evaluated for differences in response to metribuzin [4-amino-6- tert -butyl-3-(methylthio)- as -triazin-5(4 H )-one] 0.125 ppm w/w in hydroponic culture. Top dry weight (TDW) of treated ‘FFR 666’ soybeans equaled that of the cultivar check and five other cultivars were not significantly different (P = 5%). ‘Semmes' was most sensitive to the herbicide with TDW 40% of cultivar check. ‘Tracy’ and ‘Coker 156’ were not significantly different (P = 5%) from Semmes. The other cultivars tested were intermediate in response to metribuzin.
Comparison of the Diphtheria Mutant Toxin, Crm197, with a <i>Haemophilus Influenzae</i> Type‐<i>b</i> Polysaccharide‐Crm197 Conjugate by Optical Spectroscopy (1997)

A Haemophilus influenzae type-b capsular polysaccharide-CRM197 protein conjugate vaccine was compared with unconjugated CRM197 and diphtheria toxin, its parent molecule. Using CD and fluorescence spectroscopy, it has been possible to observe differences in structure and stability to pH and temperature due to the G52-->E mutation in CRM197 and the 'glycosylation' of CRM197 in the conjugate. CRM197 resembles the 'open' conformation of diphtheria toxin [Blewitt, M. G., Chung, L. A. & London, E. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 5458-5464] and the attachment of poly(ribosyl-ribitol phosphate) carbohydrate chains results in a still 'more open' state, although only a small decrease in the amount of ordered structure was observed. Fluorescence spectra of gel-filtration column fractions of the conjugate suggest that material of higher apparent molecular size is in the 'more open' conformation. Conjugated CRM197 begins unfolding at slightly lower temperatures (25-35 degrees C) than native material (> 35 degrees C). In the conjugate, tryptophan residues are more accessible to the non-ionic fluorescence quencher acrylamide at 35 degrees C. The conformational change observed at pH4-6 for diphtheria toxin is also observed for CRM197, but in the conjugate begins at higher pH. This may result from the presence of charged oligosaccharide residues on the surface or the conjugation methods used. The consequences of these changes in conformation and solution behaviour of the carrier protein in terms of its ability to induce a protective, T-cell-dependent response to H. influenzae polysaccharide remain to be determined.
<title>Volume holographic storage in photorefractive media (Invited Paper)</title> (1992)

We consider some fundamental limits to the volume holographic storage in photorefractive media, including the storage capacity and the dynamic range. We also discuss the photorefractive noise gratings formed during a multiple exposure schedule. These fundamental issues in photorefractive storage are important in understanding the potentials and limitations of optical memory systems.