gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elemental Analysis of Bone, Teeth, Horn and Antler in Different Animal Species Using Non-Invasive Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (2016)

Mineralized tissues accumulate elements that play crucial roles in animal health. Although elemental content of bone, blood and teeth of human and some animal species have been characterized, data for many others are lacking, as well as species comparisons. Here we describe the distribution of elements in horn (Bovidae), antler (Cervidae), teeth and bone (humerus) across a number of species determined by handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to better understand differences and potential biological relevance. A difference in elemental profiles between horns and antlers was observed, possibly due to the outer layer of horns being comprised of keratin, whereas antlers are true bone. Species differences in tissue elemental content may be intrinsic, but also related to feeding habits that contribute to mineral accumulation, particularly for toxic heavy metals. One significant finding was a higher level of iron (Fe) in the humerus bone of elephants compared to other species. This may be an adaptation of the hematopoietic system by distributing Fe throughout the bone rather than the marrow, as elephant humerus lacks a marrow cavity. We also conducted discriminant analysis and found XRF was capable of distinguishing samples from different species, with humerus bone being the best source for species discrimination. For example, we found a 79.2% correct prediction and success rate of 80% for classification between human and non-human humerus bone. These findings show that handheld XRF can serve as an effective tool for the biological study of elemental composition in mineralized tissue samples and may have a forensic application.
An AU-Rich Element in the 3′ Untranslated Region of the Spinach Chloroplast <i>petD</i> Gene Participates in Sequence-Specific RNA-Protein Complex Formation (1995)

In chloroplasts, the 3' untranslated regions of most mRNAs contain a stem-loop-forming inverted repeat (IR) sequence that is required for mRNA stability and correct 3'-end formation. The IR regions of several mRNAs are also known to bind chloroplast proteins, as judged from in vitro gel mobility shift and UV cross-linking assays, and these RNA-protein interactions may be involved in the regulation of chloroplast mRNA processing and/or stability. Here we describe in detail the RNA and protein components that are involved in 3' IR-containing RNA (3' IR-RNA)-protein complex formation for the spinach chloroplast petD gene, which encodes subunit IV of the cytochrome b6/f complex. We show that the complex contains 55-, 41-, and 29-kDa RNA-binding proteins (ribonucleoproteins [RNPs]). These proteins together protect a 90-nucleotide segment of RNA from RNase T1 digestion; this RNA contains the IR and downstream flanking sequences. Competition experiments using 3' IR-RNAs from the psbA or rbcL gene demonstrate that the RNPs have a strong specificity for the petD sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to define the RNA sequence elements required for complex formation. These studies identified an 8-nucleotide AU-rich sequence downstream of the IR; mutations within this sequence had moderate to severe effects on RNA-protein complex formation. Although other similar sequences are present in the petD 3' untranslated region, only a single copy, which we have termed box II, appears to be essential for in vitro protein binding. In addition, the IR itself is necessary for optimal complex formation. These two sequence elements together with an RNP complex may direct correct 3'-end processing and/or influence the stability of petD mRNA in chloroplasts.
The role of CA 125 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. (2012)

CA 125 remains the only tumour marker to have any significant impact on the clinical management of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Its role has developed over the past two decades by validating CA 125 criteria in large numbers of patients against established methods of disease assessment. CA125 has a role in the work-up of a patient with a pelvic mass. Its role in prognosis and screening remains uncertain. It is of value in the assessment of response to chemotherapy and to identify disease progression. When compared with previous methods of determining the onset of disease recurrence the use of CA 125 has been shown to be more sensitive and to be able to detect it at an earlier stage. However, it remains unknown as to whether the earlier introduction of chemotherapy actually improves survival. Until the results of an MRC / EORTC trial are available regular CA 125 monitoring during follow-up cannot be recommended. Once recurrence is suspected precise criteria based on CA125 can reliably confirm this. With this developing role it is likely that CA 125 will be of even more importance to the management of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in the future.
Intrathecal Magnesium Prolongs Fentanyl Analgesia: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial (2002)

Magnesium occurs naturally in the spinal cord and blocks the NMDA glutamate channel. In animal studies, intrathecal magnesium sulfate improves spinal morphine analgesia. For patients receiving spinal analgesia for labor, the addition of magnesium sulfate to the opioid fentanyl prolonged analgesia with no increase of side effects.
Sputter Machining of Piezoelectric Transducers (1969)

This paper demonstrates that sputter machining can be used to obtain fundamental mode transducers or resonators for the frequency range above 100 MHz where mechanical methods of thickness reduction have low yields. Material is removed by bombarding the specimen with high-energy ions drawn from a gaseous plasma. Experimental results are given for the sputter machining of sputter-deposited zinc oxide, Y-cut lithium niobate, and Y-cut quartz. The highest fundamental resonant frequency attained was 1.8 GHz using lithium niobate, corresponding to a thickness of about 2 μ.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis Molybdenum Cofactor Sulfurase Gene Confers Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) (2013)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key component of the signaling system that integrates plant adaptive responses to abiotic stress. Overexpression of Arabidopsis molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene (LOS5) in maize markedly enhanced the expression of ZmAO and aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity, leading to ABA accumulation and increased drought tolerance. Transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) exhibited the expected reductions in stomatal aperture, which led to decreased water loss and maintenance of higher relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential. Also, transgenic maize subjected to drought treatment exhibited lower leaf wilting, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H(2)O(2) content, and higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and proline content compared to wild-type (WT) maize. Moreover, overexpression of LOS5 enhanced the expression of stress-regulated genes such as Rad 17, NCED1, CAT1, and ZmP5CS1 under drought stress conditions, and increased root system development and biomass yield after re-watering. The increased drought tolerance in transgenic plants was associated with ABA accumulation via activated AO and expression of stress-related gene via ABA induction, which sequentially induced a set of favorable stress-related physiological and biochemical responses.
Detection of abnormalities in wireless capsule endoscopy frames using local fuzzy patterns (2013)

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a relatively new technology that captures images of the entire gastrointestinal tract non-invasively and painlessly. A large number of frames are captured during an examination. The main difficulty for physicians is to review the frames visually. In recent years, some methods have been devised to help physicians. Here, a novel method is devised to distinguish among frames whether the frames contain abnormal region or not. This goal is achieved using local fuzzy patterns (LFP) that is compared with rotation invariant local binary patterns (LBP). In addition to this comparison, four color channels (red, hue, green, and gray scale) are examined to find the best one for using LFP. Experimental results indicate that LFP is a powerful method for texture detection, and can develop the LBP results in the WCE frames.
Design of 2.5 V/5 V mixed-voltage CMOS I/O buffer with only thin oxide device and dynamic N-well bias circuit (2003)

This paper presents a 2.5 V/5 V mixed-voltage CMOS I/O buffer that does not need a CMOS technology with a dual-oxide option and complex bias circuits. The proposed mixed-voltage I/O buffer with simpler circuit structure can overcome the problems of leakage current and gate-oxide reliability, which occurring in the conventional CMOS I/O buffer. In this work, the new proposed design has been realized in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process, but it can be easily scaled toward 0.18 /spl mu/m or 0.15 /spl mu/m processes to serve a 1.8 V/3.3 V mixed-voltage I/O interface.
FRACTURE OF THE LIPPES LOOP IN UTERO (1972)

Summary Fifteen cases of fracture of the Lippes loop in utero are presented and the management of these cases is discussed.
[Changes of TGF-β1 expression during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with osteoporosis]. (2017)

Strontium ranelate and Qianggu capsule could enhance the expression of TGF- beta 1 and promote bone metabolism in osteoporosis rats, which is helpful to the movement of healthy teeth; the effect of Strontium ranelate is stronger than Qianggu capsule.
Fipse's Early Years:<i>Seeking Innovation and Change in Higher Education</i> (2002)

(2002). Fipse's Early Years: Seeking Innovation and Change in Higher Education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 10-16.
Some Evidenceon Exchange Rate Determination in Major Industrial Countries (1997)

This paper examines the role of long-run monetary and cyclical factors in determining exchange rate movements.Results of empirical study using a data set that includes Canada, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States support the view that exchange rate movements can be explained by the efficient or rational adjustment of foreign exchange markets to economic fundamentals.In the long run, the exchange rate is determined consistent with a monetary approach to exchange rates, while cyclical factors have an impact on short-run exchange rate dynamics.Estimated equations outperform random walk models of exchange rates.
Age-based cooperative caching in information-centric networking (2014)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) provides substantial flexibility for users. One of the most important features of ICN is the universal in-network caching. The characteristics of ICN make it substantially different from traditional caching systems. In this paper we propose an age-based cooperative caching scheme in response to the special characteristics of ICN. We leverage the coupling between routing and caching in ICN to develop a light-weight collaboration mechanism that adaptively pushes popular contents to the network edge. We evaluate our approach using real traces and realistic network topology. Results show that our approach can significantly reduce network delay and traffic, and outperforms existing schemes.
Greening information management: final report (2009)

As the recent JISC report on ‘the ‘greening’ of ICT in education [1] highlights, the increasing reliance on ICT to underpin the business functions of higher education institutions has a heavy environmental impact, due mainly to the consumption of electricity to run computers and to cool data centres. While work is already under way to investigate how more energy efficient ICT can be introduced, to date there has been much less focus on the potential environmental benefits to be accrued from reducing the demand ‘at source’ through better data and information management. JISC thus commissioned the University of Strathclyde to undertake a study to gather evidence that establishes the efficacy of using information management options as components of Green ICT strategies within UK Higher Education environments, and to highlight existing practices which have the potential for wider replication.
The Legislative History of Senator Exon's Communications Decency Act: Regulating Barbarians on the Information Superhighway (1996)

Among the most visible and controversial provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 have been those of an amendment to the larger act known as the Communications Decency Act. This article critically examines the legislative history of this amendment, creating a record of both official and unofficial sources. The article also notes the relevance of the legislative history as demonstrating both the unconstitutionality and the practical inefficacy of the statute.
Evolutionary agent planning (2002)

Optimal planning in an environment of multiple agents is mostly a highly dynamical process which can be characterized as a tradeoff between time and costs. This tradeoff can reach critical values and lead to a dilemma. We investigate this situation by using an ecosystem consisting of multiple agents which have to execute plans in order to fulfil their goals. Because resources are limited competition emerges. We propose a potential field method which biases the planning characteristics of agents towards deliberation or reactiveness by a process of evolution. Finally we show preliminary simulation results and discuss the future direction of this work.
Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis growth and sporulation by threonine (1979)

A 1-mg/ml amount of threonine (8.4 mM) inhibited growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis 168. Inhibition of sporulation was efficiently reversed by valine and less efficiently by pyruvate, arginine, glutamine, and isoleucine. Inhibition of vegetative growth was reversed by asparate and glutamate as well as by valine, arginine, or glutamine. Cells in minimal growth medium were inhibited only transiently by very high concentrations of threonine, whereas inhibition of sporulation was permanent. Addition of threonine prevented the normal increase in alkaline phosphatase and reduced the production of extracellular protease by about 50%, suggesting that threonine blocked the sporulation process relatively early. 2-Ketobutyrate was able to mimic the effect of threonine on sporulation. Sporulation in a strain selected for resistance to azaleucine was partially resistant. Seventy-five percent of the mutants selected for the ability to grow vegetatively in the presence of high threonine concentrations were found to be simultaneously isoleucine auxotrophs. In at least one of these mutants, the threonine resistance phenotpye could not be dissociated from the isoleucine requirement by transformation. This mutation was closely linked to a known ilvA mutation (recombination index, 0.16). This strain also had reduced intracellular threonine deaminase activity. These results suggest that threonine inhibits B. subtilis by causing valine starvation.
Fairness algorithm analysis in resilient packet ring (2004)

The new requirements of metropolitan area networks (MAN) have resulted in the emergence of new data transport technology, resilient packet ring (RPR). The key performance objective of RPR is to simultaneously achieve high bandwidth utilization, spatial reuse, and fairness. In this paper, a fairness conception based upon ingress aggregated flow is defined for RPR, then a fairness algorithm described in the draft of IEEE standard for RPR is analyzed and an improvement is produced to achieve better performance. At last, the simulation results are given to prove the conclusion.
A Development of Cold-Mixed Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Materials (2009)

In order to use recycled aggregate as pavement base or subbase materials, the US and many other European countries have started research since the early 1980s. Korea also had a recycle idea as a plan for the vast amount of construction wastes due to the downtown renovation in the 1990s, but was not put into practical use. After the resources saving and recycle expedition law in 1994, wastes from construction sites that have more than a certain amount of construction budget were recycled as pavement base and subbase materials, but now, researches are being conducted to use them as paving materials. The use of construction wastes is meaningful in many ways. It helps the natural conservation and aggregate consumption, and also improves pavement performance. This research presents a development of cold-mixed reclaimed asphalt pavement materials using recycled aggregates.
Advances in Total Hip Arthroplasty (1984)

Detailed, long-term studies of cemented total hip arthroplasties clearly show that failure of fixation of the acetabular component is a major problem, with a rising incidence and an unusual complexity. By finite element analysis the stress distribution in the human acetabulum before and after total hip arthroplasty was analyzed by three different groups of investigators. Data from all three studies are in agreement that the introduction of cemented acetabular components of high-density polyethylene results in major disturbances of stress distribution, with peak stresses after total hip arthroplasty occurring in the cement, trabecular bone, and medial wall of the acetabulum. The most effective way to reduce these peak stresses in these three critical areas is to use an acetabular component with a metal backing. Long-term follow-up studies of 51 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty performed by the author during the period from 1971 to 1975 using metal-backed acetabular components confirm the improved fixation that results from use of this design. Both the analytic data of stress distribution and clinical follow-up studies strongly support the use of metal-backed acetabular components in cemented total hip arthroplasty.
Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations. (1996)

Different extracts of fresh vegetative and reproductive organs from Crataegus monogyna harvested during a whole season and from some pharmaceutical hawthorn preparations exhibit in vitro antioxidant activities using three different models of oxygen reactive species generation (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid). All the tested samples show low IC50 values, the most efficient being fresh young leaves, fresh floral buds and pharmaceutical dried flowers. The activities seem to be especially bound to the total phenolic proanthocyanidin and flavonoid contents.
Identity by Descent Between Distant Relatives: Detection and Applications (2012)

Short segments of identity by descent (IBD) between individuals with no known relationship can be detected using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and recently developed statistical methodology. Emerging applications for the detected IBD segments include IBD mapping, haplotype phase inference, genotype imputation, and inference of population structure. In this review, we explain the principles behind methods for IBD segment detection, describe recently developed methods, discuss approaches to comparing methods, and give an overview of applications.
Synthetic Engine Oils - A New Concept (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new class of synthetic fluids has been developed with specific physical and chemical properties, which can be used to formulate automotive engine lubricants with a performance range far exceeding that obtainable with conventional mineral-oil-based lubricants. New, unique synthetic engine lubricants are described that provide improved low-temperature fluidity and cold-starting performance, better high-temperature stability and engine cleanliness, outstanding viscosity stability, reduced oil consumption, better oil pressure retention, and reduction of engine wear.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The superiority of these new synthetic lubricants is documented with results of evaluations conducted in a wide range of engines and vehicles using standard and newly developed test procedures. Testing under severe rally and field conditions is also discussed.</div>
Topical review: Electromagnetically induced transparency (1998)

Abstract. The subject of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work reported in this ®eld since 1990. Theoretical work is also covered, although it is not intended to review all the very numerous recent theoretical treatments on this topic. The basic physical ideas behind EIT are elucidated. The relation of EIT to other processes involving laser-induced atomic coherence, such as coherent population trapping, coherent adiabatic population transfer and lasing without inversion, is discussed. Experimental work is described covering the following topics: EIT with pulsed and continuous-wave sources, lasing without inversion, pulse propagation in a laser dressed medium and EIT in nonlinear optical processes. A full set of references and a bibliography are included. 1.
Topics in pharmaceutical sciences, 1987 : proceedings of the 47th International Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences of F.I.P., held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 31 August-4 September 1987 (1987)

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SOLID DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Potential developments in hydrogel gastrointestinal delivery systems (E. Schacht and M. Van Bos) Two-phase systems for controlled gastrointestinal drug delivery (C.F. Lerk and P. De Haan) Recent advances in microcapsule delivery systems (M. Donbrow) SCALING IN PHARMACOKINETICS Interspecies pharmacokinetic scaling: Reductionist and allometric paradigms (H. Boxenbaum and R. D'Souza) The integration of in vitro data with physiological data (M. Hanano, Y. Sawada, T. Iga and Y. Sugiyama) The impact of scaling in toxicological tests: Physiological models as an aid to evaluate toxicological effects (J.L. Gabrielsson and L.K. Paalzow) Can animal models be used to explore pharmacodynamic problems of clinical interest? (G. Levy) SPECIFIC AND ULTRA-SENSITIVE BIO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Mass spectrometric measurement of peptides in human tissues and fluids (D.M. Desiderio) Sample pre-treatment in bio-analysis (J.C. Kraak and J.P. Crombeen) Future perspectives in bioanalysis (J. van der Greef, H. Lingeman, W.M.A. Niessen and U.R. Tjaden) CYCLODEXTRINS Chemistry, characterization and properties of cyclodextrins (J. Szejtli) Cyclodextrins in drug formulations (K.-H. Fromming) Cyclodextrin inclusion compounds: Effects on stability and bio-pharmaceutical properties (K. Uekama) ORGAN PERFUSION SYSTEMS IN DRUG DISPOSITION STUDIES Liver perfusions for the study of drug and metabolite disposition (K.S. Pang) Kidney perfusion systems in drug disposition studies (R. Hori, A. Kamiya, Y. Saito and Y. Tanigawara) Brain perfusion: Regional cerebral blood flow measurements using two- and three-dimensional methods (A.R. Andersen, S. Vorstrup and O.B. Paulson) Isolated perfused lungs in drug disposition studies (J.R. Bend) TRENDS IN RESEARCH ON PLANT CONSTITUENTS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Present status and prospects of plant constituents as antimicrobial, antiviral and antiparasitic agents (A.J. Vlietinck) Plant cell cultures as a tool in the production of secondary metabolites. Prospects and problems (R. Verpoorte, P.A.A. Harkes and H.J.G. ten Hoopen) Elicitor treatment: A method for metabolite production by plant cell cultures in vitro (W.G.W. Kurz, F. Constabel, U. Eilert and R.T. Tyler) PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF SMALL PEPTIDE DRUGS Chemical and physical stability of peptides (J.W. van Nispen) Pharmaceutical aspects of small peptide drugs in vitro and in vivo analysis (M. Hichens) Biological barriers to efficient delivery of peptides (K.L. Audus, I.J. Hidalgo and R.T. Borchardt) Routes of peptide drug delivery (J. Sandow, A.W. Herling, R. Schmiedel and H. Seidel) COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN - A NEW TOOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Computer-assisted drug design in pharmaceutical research (J.P. Tollenaere) Graphics computer-aided receptor mapping as a predictive tool for drug design: Application to the serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 1B receptors (M.F.