gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A gate driver of SiC MOSFET with passive triggered auxiliary transistor in a phase-leg configuration (2015)

This paper proposes a low cost gate driver of Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET with a passive triggered auxiliary transistor in a phase-leg configuration. Silicon Carbide MOSFET can work on high blocking voltage and high switching frequency with less temperature drift. However, high switching speed may amplify the negative influence of parasitic components and produce significant voltage spikes during switching transient. Therefore, eliminating the spikes of gate-source voltage in a phase-leg configuration plays an important role in providing the safe driving and low switching losses. The proposed gate driver uses a simple voltage dividing circuit to generate a negative gate-source voltage and a passive triggered transistor with a series capacitor to suppress negative voltage spikes, which could satisfy the stringent requirements of high switching SiC MOSFETs with low cost and less complexity. The performance of proposed gate driver is evaluated by simulation and experimental results.
Enhancement of absorptive optical nonlinearity of asymmetrically coupled quantum well structures (2005)

The third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of asymmetrically coupled quantum well (ACQW) structure is calculated by employing a V-type three-level model. The efficiency of absorptive optical nonlinearity, which we define as the ratio of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) to the linear absorptive coefficient α0, is analysed for different electronic coherence oscillation frequencies. We show that the efficiency is enhanced with the increase of the electronic coherence oscillation frequency between the two wells but is degenerated as that of a single quantum well when the electronic coherence oscillation frequency is zero. Compared with single quantum well, the ACQW designed has the property of nonlinear absorption and dispersion depending strongly on the external electric field along the growth direction. We predict that ACQW structures can provide both high efficiency limiters and controllable optical Kerr switch in future communication systems.
Chitosan Improves Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Gentamicin through Facilitating Antibiotic Penetration (2014)

Antibiotic overuse is one of the major drivers in the generation of antibiotic resistant "super bugs" that can potentially cause serious effects on health. In this study, we reported that the polycationic polysaccharide, chitosan could improve the efficacy of a given antibiotic (gentamicin) to combat bacterial biofilms, the universal lifestyle of microbes in the world. Short- or long-term treatment with the mixture of chitosan and gentamicin resulted in the dispersal of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) biofilms. In this combination, chitosan with a moderate molecular mass (~13 kDa) and high N-deacetylation degree (~88% DD) elicited an optimal anti-biofilm and bactericidal activity. Mechanistic insights indicated that chitosan facilitated the entry of gentamicin into the architecture of L. monocytogenes biofilms. Finally, we showed that this combination was also effective in the eradication of biofilms built by two other Listeria species, Listeria welshimeri and Listeria innocua. Thus, our findings pointed out that chitosan supplementation might overcome the resistance of Listeria biofilms to gentamicin, which might be helpful in prevention of gentamicin overuse in case of combating Listeria biofilms when this specific antibiotic was recommended.
Alpha‐adrenergic blockers: Mechanism of action, blood pressure control, and effects on lipoprotein metabolism (1990)

The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and is mediated by the alpha and beta receptors. The alpha receptor is divided into two types, alpha 1 and alpha 2, based on response to epinephrine and norepinephrine. alpha 1-Adrenergic receptors have a high affinity for drugs such as prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin, which act to reduce blood pressure by selective blockade of the receptor. These agents provide a rational approach to the treatment of hypertension by correcting elevated total peripheral resistance, the fundamental hemodynamic abnormality in essential hypertension. In contrast, early alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers nonselectively blocked both alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors and were unsuitable as antihypertensive agents because they induced tachycardia and patients developed a tolerance to them rapidly. alpha 1-Adrenergic blockers also have beneficial effects on plasma lipoproteins, tending to decrease levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. beta-Adrenergic blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol, have been shown to have an adverse effect on the lipid profile by tending to increase levels of triglycerides and decrease HDL cholesterol. A number of mechanisms contribute to these effects, in particular, adrenergic modulation of lipoprotein lipase and the triglyceride secretion rate. Doxazosin has been shown to increase the activity of LDL receptors, which may be partly responsible for its beneficial effect on plasma lipids and lipoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peripheral analgesic blockade of hypernociception: Activation of arginine/NO/cGMP/protein kinase G/ATP-sensitive K <sup>+</sup> channel pathway (2004)

The final step in the direct restoration of the nociceptor threshold by peripheral administration of morphine and dipyrone was recently suggested to result from the opening of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)(+)). This channel is known to be open either directly by cGMP or indirectly via protein kinase G (PKG) stimulation. In the present study, it was shown that the blockade was caused by a specific PKG inhibitor (KT5823) of the antinociceptive effect of morphine and dipyrone on acute hypernociception and of dipyrone on persistent hypernociception. It was also shown that, in both models, KT5823 prevented the peripheral antinociceptive effect of an analogue of cGMP, the nitric oxide (NO) donor (S-nitroso-n-acetyl-d,l-penicilamine). However, in acute hypernociception, KT5823 did not prevent the peripheral antinociceptive effect of diazoxide (a direct K(ATP)(+) opener). In persistent hypernociception, the sensitization plateau was induced by daily injections of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2), 100 ng) into the rat paw for 14 days. After cessation of PGE(2) injections, the pharmacological blockade of persistent hypernociception led to a quiescent phase in which a rather small stimulus restored the hypernociceptive plateau. In this phase, glibenclamide (which specifically closes K(ATP)(+)) fully restored persistent hypernociception, as did injection of PGE(2). Thus, the activation of the arginine/NO/cGMP pathway causes direct blockade of acute and persistent hypernociception by opening K(ATP)(+) via the stimulation of PKG. Analgesic stimulators of the neuronal arginine/NO/cGMP/PKG/K(ATP)(+) pathway constitute a previously undescribed well defined class of peripheral analgesics with a mechanism of action different from either glucocorticoids or inhibitors of cyclooxygenases.
Optimization of inverted vector searches (1985)

A simple algorithm is presented for increasing the efficiency of information retrieval searches which are implemented using inverted files. This optimization algorithm employs knowledge about the methods used for weighting document and query terms in order to examine as few inverted lists as possible. An extension to the basic algorithm allows greatly increased performance optimization at a modest cost in retrieval effectiveness. Experimental runs are made examining several different term weighting models and showing the optimization possible with each.
A novel technique for accurate velocity measurement using LFM radar (2011)

In this paper, a novel technique for accurate velocity measurement for high speed space objects using linear frequency modulation (LFM) radar signatures is presented. The proposed method utilizes the phase slope of the received intermediate frequency (IF) signals from the moving object to estimate the object's kinematic parameters. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection and finite impulse response (FIR) filtering are subsequently exploited to enhance the accuracy of the velocity estimates. Then polynomial fitting is incorporated into the phase slope analysis to further reduce estimation errors. Simulation results demonstrate that the phase slope method is computationally efficient and accurate for velocity estimation.
Performance analysis and evaluation of IEEE 802.11e EDCF (2004)

Abstract Recently, the IEEE 802.11 working group has announced a new distributed access mechanism called Enhanced DCF (EDCF) to provide service differentiation among traffic classes defined as access category. With the increasing demand for supporting Quality of Service (QoS) in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, the EDCF is now attracting many researchers' attention due to its practical worth as a standard mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the analytical approach to evaluate the performance of the EDCF. An analytical model is presented to estimate the throughput of the EDCF in saturation (asymptotic) conditions by substantially revising and extending the analytical model developed by Bianchi for the performance analysis of the DCF. Extensive simulation studies based on the NS‐2 simulator have been carried out for the validation of the analysis, and they show that it estimates the throughput of the EDCF accurately. By utilizing the analytical model, we evaluate the performance of the EDCF. Specifically, we concentrate on discovering the characteristics of the EDCF parameters, such as CW min , CW max and AIFS, in the way that they influence on the performance of the EDCF. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic copolymerization of tetrahydrofuran with epoxides. I. Polymerization mechanism in the presence of a glycol (1971)

Abstract Polymerization of several epoxides and their copolymerization with tetrahydrofuran have been studied. The polymerizations were carried out by use of BF 3 ·O(C 2 H 5 ) 2 as catalyst in the presence of 1,4‐butanediol. Variations of catalyst and 1,4‐butanediol ratio and concentration affect polymerization rate, molecular weight, and the formation of cyclic oligomers. The latter is also influenced by monomer fed ratio in the case of the copolymerizations. These effects are discussed, and some observations are made concerning the mechanism, particularly with respect to the role of the 1,4‐butanediol. Mayo‐Lewis monomer reactivity ratios were determined. The ratios found differed from previously published figures.
The Effect of Electrosurgery on Alveolar Bone (1983)

The facial marginal alveolar bone of dogs was exposed with a full-thickness flap and touched by an activated electrosurgery electrode for periods of 0, 1, 5 and 10 seconds. Microscopic results were evaluated after periods ranging from 0 hours to 28 days. Various electrode exposure times produced similar changes in bone and periodontal ligament. The extent of the destruction was greater than that found in surgical areas not exposed to electrosurgery; healing and remodeling phases were also delayed in the electrosurgical sites.
Visible light communication: Applications, architecture, standardization and research challenges (2016)

The Radio Frequency (RF) communication suffers from interference and high latency issues. Along with this, RF communication requires a separate setup for transmission and reception of RF waves. Overcoming the above limitations, Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a preferred communication technique because of its high bandwidth and immunity to interference from electromagnetic sources. The revolution in the field of solid state lighting leads to the replacement of florescent lamps by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) which further motivates the usage of VLC. This paper presents a survey of the potential applications, architecture, modulation techniques, standardization and research challenges in VLC.
An improved light-emitting element driver (2002)

An improved light element driver employing two transistors, one capacitor and one grounded resistor, is presented. It also has the fewest number of possible components and can drive a red light-emitting diode with a supplied voltage as low as 0.8 V. Its power efficiency is about 70% to deliver to a light-emitting element at 1 V supply voltage.
Maximum Frame Size in Large Layer 2 Networks (2007)

This paper proposes a signaling mechanism for maximum data unit
size propagation between link layer and network layer.
INCIDENCE OF <i>TRITRICHOMONAS FOETUS</i> IN YOUNG REPLACEMENT BULLS FOLLOWING INTRODUCTION INTO AN INFECTED HERD (1977)

Three hundred 8-year-old Shorthorn and Santa Gertrudis bulls, with a 47% incidence of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in the 30 surveyed, were removed from a herd of approximately 6000 cows and replaced by 325 two-year-old Brahman bulls. A sample of 50 of the replacement bulls was examined at introduction and found to be uninfected. After 2 years, the incidence of infection in a sample of 80 of the replacement bulls was 4%. The results suggests that a major reduction in incidence of infection in extensively managed herds might be achieved by the exclusive use of young bulls for mating.
<scp>NLRP</scp>3 inflammasome: A likely target for the treatment of allergic diseases (2018)

Allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis, have recently become a global public health concern. According to previous studies, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex known to be associated with many inflammatory conditions. In response to allergens or allergen/damage-associated molecular signals, NLRP3 changes its conformation to allow the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and activates caspase-1, which is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, active caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18. Recently, accumulating human and mouse experimental evidence has demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 are critically involved in the development of allergic diseases. Furthermore, the application of specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors has been demonstrated in animal models. Therefore, these inhibitors may represent potential therapeutic methods for the management of clinical allergic disorders. This review summarizes findings related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related factors and concludes that specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for allergic diseases.
Fluid flow induced by nonuniform ac electric fields in electrolytes on microelectrodes. III. Observation of streamlines and numerical simulation (2002)

The application of a nonuniform ac electric field to an electrolyte using coplanar microelectrodes results in steady fluid flow. The flow has its origin in the interaction of the tangential component of the nonuniform field with the induced charge in the electrical double layer on the electrode surfaces. Termed ac electro-osmosis, the flow has been studied experimentally and theoretically using linear analysis. This paper presents experimental observations of the fluid flow profile obtained by superimposing images of particle movement in a plane normal to the electrode surface. These experimental streamlines demonstrate that the fluid flow is driven at the surface of the electrodes. Experimental measurements of the impedance of the electrical double layer on the electrodes are also presented. The potential drop across the double layer at the surface of the electrodes is calculated numerically using a linear double layer model, and also using the impedance of the double layer obtained from experimental data. The ac electro-osmotic flow at the surface of the electrodes is then calculated using the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formula. The bulk fluid flow driven by this surface velocity is numerically calculated as a function of frequency and good agreement is found between the numerical and experimental streamlines.
Substrate tunnels in enzymes: Structure–function relationships and computational methodology (2015)

In enzymes, the active site is the location where incoming substrates are chemically converted to products. In some enzymes, this site is deeply buried within the core of the protein, and, in order to access the active site, substrates must pass through the body of the protein via a tunnel. In many systems, these tunnels act as filters and have been found to influence both substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. Identifying and understanding how these tunnels exert such control has been of growing interest over the past several years because of implications in fields such as protein engineering and drug design. This growing interest has spurred the development of several computational methods to identify and analyze tunnels and how ligands migrate through these tunnels. The goal of this review is to outline how tunnels influence substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency in enzymes with buried active sites and to provide a brief summary of the computational tools used to identify and evaluate these tunnels.
Synthesis of [C5(CH3)4H]CH2CH2CH2P(C6H5)2: a novel heterodifunctional ligand possessing both a tetramethylcyclopentadiene and a remote diphenylphosphine functionality (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of [C5(CH3)4H]CH2CH2CH2P(C6H5)2: a novel heterodifunctional ligand possessing both a tetramethylcyclopentadiene and a remote diphenylphosphine functionalityDennis M. Bensley Jr., Eric A. Mintz, and Susan J. SussangkarnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 18, 4417–4419Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00253a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00253a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface analysis with a position-sensitive atom probe (1989)

A position-sensitive detector has been combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry in a short-flight-path atom probe to yield an instrument in which both the chemical identity and surface position are obtained for individual atoms removed by field evaporation from the surface of a field-ion specimen. This enables thin films and surface layers to be analysed, not only with atomic-layer depth resolution, but also with sub-nanometre lateral resolution. The new instrument is described, and examples are presented showing the application of the technique to the study of the oxidation of metal surfaces, and surface segregation in an yttrium barium cuprate ceramic-oxide superconductor.
An eddy‐permitting coupled physical‐biological model of the North Atlantic: 1. Sensitivity to advection numerics and mixed layer physics (1999)

Physical influences on biological primary production in the North Atlantic are investigated by coupling a four‐component pelagic ecosystem model with a high‐resolution numerical circulation model. A series of sensitivity experiments demonstrates the important role of an accurate formulation of upper ocean turbulence and advection numerics. The unrealistically large diffusivity implicit in upstream advection approximately doubles primary production when compared with a less diffusive, higher‐order, positive‐definite advection scheme.This is of particular concern in the equatorial upwelling region where upstream advection leads to a considerable increase of upper ocean nitrate concentrations. Counteracting this effect of unrealistically large implicit diffusion by changes in the biological model could easily lead to misconceptions in the interpretation of ecosystem dynamics. Subgrid‐scale diapycnal diffusion strongly controls biological production in the subtropical gyre where winter mixing does not reach the nutricline. The parameterization of vertical viscosity is important mainly in the equatorial region where friction becomes an important agent in the momentum balance.
Notes on place-names (1942)

Notes on place-names Get access Notes and Queries, Volume 183, Issue 7, 26 September 1942, Page 194, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/183.7.194 Published: 26 September 1942
In vitro studies of the effect of antiseptic-containing mouthwashes on the formation and viability of Streptococcus sanguis biofilms (1998)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the growth of Streptococcus sanguis on hydroxyapatite, bovine enamel and polytetrafluoroethylene substrata in a constant depth film fermentor, and to determine the effects of three antimicrobial-containing mouthwashes on biofilm formation and bacterial viability on hydroxyapatite and enamel. There was little difference in the final cell density (5 x 10(4) cfu mm-2) of the Strep. sanguis biofilm on the three substrata. When hydroxyapatite-grown biofilms were exposed to the mouthwashes for 1 min, the one containing triclosan (T) proved the most effective. The chlorhexidine-containing mouthwash (CX) also achieved significant kills. The T-containing mouthwash was the most effective at killing biofilms grown on enamel. Pre-treatment of hydroxyapatite with CX, cetylpyridium chloride (CPC) or T for 1 min resulted in undetectable biofilm formation after 8 h. After 8 h of growth, only biofilms grown on enamel discs pre-treated with CX showed a reduction in the number of viable organisms. In conclusion, the results of this study have shown that while growth of Strep. sanguis on hydroxyapatite and enamel were similar, the ability of antimicrobial agents to prevent the accumulation of viable bacteria depended on the nature of the substratum.
Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaques by Blockade of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor After Vascular Injury in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2004)

Background— Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine that controls cell-mediated inflammatory responses, is upregulated in atherogenesis; however, its functional contribution to lesion development has not been evaluated. Methods and Results— We studied the role of MIF on neointima lesion formation after wire-induced injury of carotid arteries in apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MIF expression was detectable in endothelial cells before injury and upregulated in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) 24 hours after endothelial denudation. Three weeks after injury, MIF was predominantly found in endothelial cells and macrophage-derived foam cells. Neutralizing MIF with a monoclonal antibody resulted in a marked reduction of neointimal macrophages and inhibited transformation of macrophages into foam cells. Conversely, the content of SMCs and of collagen in the neointima were increased, amounting to a slight but not significant reduction in neointima and media ...