gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>An Instrument For The Measurement Of Spectral Attenuation Coefficient And Narrow Angle Volume Scattering Function Of Ocean Waters</title> (1975)

A new instrument has been developed for the study of those optical properties of ocean water that affect the transmission of image-forming light. The instrument performs simultaneous measurements of the volume attenuation coefficient and the volume scattering function at three angles. Any of ten wavelengths covering the spectral range from 400 to 670 nanometers may be used. A depth capability of 500 meters permits the examination of water below the euphotic zone and of the bottom waters on the continental shelf. The considerations leading to the design of the instrument, its capabilities and the unique features it incorporates are discussed. Some examples of the data obtained with the instrument are presented.
Double Minute Chromosomes and the Homogeneously Staining Regions in Chromosomes of a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line (1977)

Four human neuroblastoma cell lines were studied by chromosome banding techniques. All of the lines contained a marker chromosome with a long nonbanding homogeneously staining region (HSR). The HSR-containing chromosome differed in each line. One line contained two classes of cells: one with an HST marker chromosome and the other with double minute chromosomes. Each cell had one of these abnormalities; no cell had both. The presence of two additional chromosomal markers in all cells of this line indicates a common origin. These observations suggest that the double minute chromosomes are derived from the HSR.
Advance in the study of Eriocheir germplasm resourse (2002)

Eriocheir crab is the most important commercial species in Decapoda and has been widely cultured. This essay reviews the study progress of Eriocheir in its morphology, genetics and breeding, and focuses on the application of isozyme, RAPD and mtDNA technologies in population genetics study, and draws a conclusion that the key in Eriocheir molecular classification is to establish the genetics standards.
Phytolith Records in Vermicular Red Earth: Implications for Bioclimatic Variations during Pleistocene (2001)

Phytolith analysis is employed in bioclimatic research into vermicular red earth, especially into its form, assemblage and zonation. The phytolith assemblage is divided into 10 zones. The statistics and main factor analysis of phytolith show that the obtained main factor load curves could suggest a climate change. Combined with phytolith assemblage feature, the bioclimatic variation of vermicular red earth during its formation stage, consisting of 5 arid-cold stages, 4 warm-humid stages and 2 mild stages, is reconstructed in detail. The research results indicate that phytolith records are ideal paleoclimatic signals in vermicular red earth, and that abundant information on environmental evolution can be located.
History and general overview (1986)

The syndrome under discussion probably has a much longer history than we know. The first description of 20 years ago noted only the similarities of behavior and neurological, psychological, and social symptoms of the affected patients. The publication by B Hagberg in the US drew world-wide attention to the syndrome. Since the development of the child proceeds unremarkably during the first year of life parents find it particularly difficult to understand and to cope with the subsequent arrest of motor, language and intellectual development. The present lack of a causally effective treatment does not relieve us from the task to do all we can to preserve existing capabilities and functions. Experience tells us that the gaze of the affected children, which seems very intense and is accompanied by hypomimia or amimia, is the focus of any possibility for social contact. Parents often report on their visual contact with the child which should spur greater efforts to work on that phenomenon.
The Left and Right Context of a Word (2013)

Since a Chinese syllable can correspond to many characters (homophones), the syllable-to-character conversion task is quite challenging for Chinese phonetic input methods (CPIM). There are usually two stages in a CPIM: 1. segment the syllable sequence into syllable words, and 2. select the most likely character words for each syllable word. A CPIM usually assumes that the input is a complete sentence, and evaluates the performance based on a well-formed corpus. However, in practice, most Pinyin users prefer progressive text entry in several short chunks, mainly in one or two words each (most Chinese words consist of two or more characters). Short chunks do not provide enough contexts to perform the best possible syllable-to-character conversion, especially when a chunk consists of overlapping syllable words. In such cases, a conversion system often selects the boundary of a word with the highest frequency. Short chunk input is even more popular on platforms with limited computing power, such as mobile phones. Based on the observation that the relative strength of a word can be quite different when calculated leftwards or rightwards, we propose a simple division of the word context into the left context and the right context. Furthermore, we design a double ranking strategy for each word to reduce the number of errors in Step 1. Our strategy is modeled as the minimum feedback arc set problem on bipartite tournament with approximate solutions derived from genetic algorithm. Experiments show that, compared to the frequency-based method (FBM) (low memory and fast) and the conditional random fields (CRF) model (larger memory and slower), our double ranking strategy has the benefits of less memory and low power requirement with competitive performance. We believe a similar strategy could also be adopted to disambiguate conflicting linguistic patterns effectively.
A Black Box Tool for Robustness Testing of REST Services (2021)

REST services are nowadays being used to support many businesses, with most major companies exposing their services via REST interfaces (e.g., Google, Amazon, Instagram, and Slack). In this type of scenarios, heterogeneity is prevalent and software is sometimes exposed to unexpected conditions that may activate residual bugs, leading service operations to fail. Such failures may lead to financial or reputation losses (e.g., information disclosure). Although techniques and tools for assessing robustness have been thoroughly studied and applied to a large diversity of domains, REST services still lack practical approaches that specialize in robustness evaluation. In this paper, we present a tool (named bBOXRT) for performing robustness tests over REST services, solely based on minimal information expressed in their interface descriptions. We used bBOXRT to evaluate an heterogeneous set of 52 REST services that comprise 1,351 operations and fit in distinct categories (e.g., public, private, in-house). We were able to disclose several different types of robustness problems, including issues in services with strong reliability requirements and also a few security vulnerabilities. The results show that REST services are being deployed preserving software defects that harm service integration, and also carrying security vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious users.
Decentralized location registration information storage method for multimedia services in mobile communication networks (2002)

An application of decentralized location registration (DLR) information storage method has been investigated for multimedia services through mobile communication networks. Various kinds of multimedia services will be introduced in mobile communication networks in quite near future. Since a service area of such mobile communication system can be nationwide or even worldwide, information delivery cost to each mobile unit will be increased because the distances between a central storage office and each unit is large and there may be too many units communicating at the same time. To minimize the cost and increase the network efficiency, it is possible to apply the DLR-information storage method, which the author has proposed for personal communication networks, to this field. The author demonstrates an easier authentication method by adopting a decentralized mobile control center which memorizes the communication history of each personal communication unit.
Absorption and Metabolism Characteristics of Triptolide as Determined by a Sensitive and Reliable LC-MS/MS Method (2015)

In this research, a sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed and applied to determine the concentration of triptolide in rat plasma, microsomes, and cell incubation media. The absolute oral bioavailability of triptolide is 63.9% at a dose of 1 mg·kg-1. In vitro, the bidirectional transport of triptolide across Caco-2 cells was studied. A markedly higher transport of triptolide across Caco-2 cells was observed in the basolateral-to-apical direction and was abrogated in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. The result indicated that P-gp might be involved in the absorption of triptolide in intestinal. The metabolic stability was also investigated using human liver microsome incubation systems in vitro. In HLMs, incubations with an initial triptolide concentration of 1 μM resulted in an 82.4% loss of substrate over 60 min, and the t1/2 was 38 min, which indicated that triptolide was easily metabolized in human liver microsomes. In conclusion, the absolute oral bioavailability of triptolide in plasma, transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers, and metabolic stability in human liver microsomes were systematically investigated by using a sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method.
S-007 (2012)

Barnes, Timothy L.; Colabianchi, Natalie; Bell, Bethany A.; Freedman, Darcy A.; Hibbert, James D.; Liese, Angela D. Author Information
Furan fatty acids: Occurrence, synthesis, and reactions. Are furan fatty acids responsible for the cardioprotective effects of a fish diet? (2005)

Furan FA (F-acids) are tri- or tetrasubstituted furan derivatives characterized by either a propyl or pentyl side chain in one of the alpha-positions; the other is substituted by a straight long-chain saturated acid with a carboxylic group at its end. F-acids are generated in large amounts in algae, but they are also produced by plants and microorganisms. Fish and other marine organisms as well as mammals consume F-acids in their food and incorporate them into phospholipids and cholesterol esters. F-acids are catabolized to dibasic urofuran acids, which are excreted in the urine. The biogenetic precursor of the most abundant F-acid, F6, is linoleic acid. Methyl groups in the beta-position are derived from adenosylmethionine. Owing to the different alkyl substituents, synthesis of F-acids requires multistep reactions. F-acids react readily with peroxyl radicals to generate dioxoenes. The radical-scavenging ability of F-acids may contribute to the protective properties of fish and fish oil diets against mortality from heart disease.
Detection of pesticide residues on apples using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2014)

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. June 2014. Major: Food Science. Advisor: Dr. Theodore P. Labuza. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 94 pages, appendices A-F.
Privacy Risks of General-Purpose Language Models (2020)

Recently, a new paradigm of building general-purpose language models (e.g., Google’s Bert and OpenAI’s GPT-2) in Natural Language Processing (NLP) for text feature extraction, a standard procedure in NLP systems that converts texts to vectors (i.e., embeddings) for downstream modeling, has arisen and starts to find its application in various downstream NLP tasks and real world systems (e.g., Google’s search engine [6]). To obtain general-purpose text embeddings, these language models have highly complicated architectures with millions of learnable parameters and are usually pretrained on billions of sentences before being utilized. As is widely recognized, such a practice indeed improves the state-of-the-art performance of many downstream NLP tasks. However, the improved utility is not for free. We find the text embeddings from general-purpose language models would capture much sensitive information from the plain text. Once being accessed by the adversary, the embeddings can be reverse-engineered to disclose sensitive information of the victims for further harassment. Although such a privacy risk can impose a real threat to the future leverage of these promising NLP tools, there are neither published attacks nor systematic evaluations by far for the mainstream industry-level language models. To bridge this gap, we present the first systematic study on the privacy risks of 8 state-of-the-art language models with 4 diverse case studies. By constructing 2 novel attack classes, our study demonstrates the aforementioned privacy risks do exist and can impose practical threats to the application of general-purpose language models on sensitive data covering identity, genome, healthcare and location. For example, we show the adversary with nearly no prior knowledge can achieve about 75% accuracy when inferring the precise disease site from Bert embeddings of patients’ medical descriptions. As possible countermeasures, we propose 4 different defenses (via rounding, differential privacy, adversarial training and subspace projection) to obfuscate the unprotected embeddings for mitigation purpose. With extensive evaluations, we also provide a preliminary analysis on the utility-privacy trade-off brought by each defense, which we hope may foster future mitigation researches.
An on-line measurement method for cable insulation resistance in a GPT's neutral point directly grounded system (2002)

The paper presents a new DC bridge method for on-line measurement of XLPE cable insulation resistance in the case of GPT's neutral point directly grounded. The influence factors that may bring errors are discussed and the ways to reduce errors are given. A lower voltage simulating test is done and the measuring results of the test show that the method is suitable for measurement of insulation resistance of cable.
Improving Structural Designs with Computer Programming in Building Construction (2014)

The scope of civil engineering is wide and the application of computer is not put to use as expected even among professionals in developing nations. This paper is an attempt at revealing methods available for application of computer as a tool which can tremendously improve the qualities of delivery especially utilization of user developed packages that are customized to suit a particular problem at hand. It exposes how computer programming can be used in detail designs and quick process to calculate complex force stresses in structures. It further brings to the fore its application in automation of structural designs in concrete, elicits explicitly how computer can accept data through programming and uses the data to provide information in the final analysis on total design load, moment generated and areas of main and distributed reinforcements to stair-case, landing to stairs and Slabs. 'Customized Computer Package' in this context implies a completely interactive software system with considerable dialogue between the user and the system before a solution is obtained. This is implemented using Object-Oriented FORTRAN programming language.
ATME: a parallel programming environment for applications with conditional task attributes (2002)

Parallel applications with inconstant usage patterns presents a big challenge to programmers in that the spawning of tasks and the communication between them may be conditional (named "conditional parallel programming"). Ideally, the programmer should not be burdened by operational issues which have little relationship to the application itself. This paper proposes a new parallel programming environment, ATME, to automate task scheduling in conditional parallel programming. By adaptively producing accurate estimates of the task model prior to execution, ATME modifies task distribution to improve the system and application performance.
Conveyor Theory: A Survey (1979)

Abstract This paper surveys the research which has been published in the area of conveyor theory. Deterministic and probabilistic approaches, as well as descriptive and normative approaches to modeling conveyor systems are discussed. Areas for further study are suggested.
Authoring adaptive diagrams (2008)

The web and digital media requires intelligent, adaptive documents whose appearance and content adapts to the viewing context and which support user interaction. While previous research has focussed on textual and multimedia content, this is also true for diagrammatic conte nt. We have designed and implemented an authoring tool which supports the construction of adaptive diagrams. Adaptive layout behaviour is specified by using constraint-based placement tools as well as by allowing the author to specify more radical layout changes using alternate layout configurations. As well as specifying alternate layouts, the author can specify alternate representations for an object, alternate styles and alternate textual content. The resulting space of different versions of the diagram is the cross product of these different alternatives. At display time the version is constructed dynamically, taking into account the author specified preference order on the alternatives, current viewing environment, and user interaction.
Conditional privacy preserving security protocol for NFC applications (2013)

In recent years, various mobile terminals equipped with NFC (Near Field Communication) have been released. The combination of NFC with smart devices has led to widening the utilization range of NFC. It is expected to replace credit cards in electronic payment, especially. In this regard, security issues need to be addressed to vitalize NFC electronic payment. The NFC security standards currently being applied require the use of user's public key at a fixed value in the process of key agreement. The relevance of the message occurs in the fixed elements such as the public key of NFC. An attacker can create a profile based on user's public key by collecting the associated messages. Through the created profile, users can be exposed and their privacy can be compromised. In this paper, we propose conditional privacy protection methods based on pseudonyms to solve these problems. In addition, PDU (Protocol Data Unit) for conditional privacy is defined. Users can inform the other party that they will communicate according to the protocol proposed in this paper by sending the conditional privacy preserved PDU through NFC terminals. The proposed method succeeds in minimizing the update cost and computation overhead by taking advantage of the physical characteristics of NFC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Las infraestructuras de transporte en el Principado de Asturias en las escalas supraregional y regional (1995)

Se evita sintetizar un clasico diagnostico sobre las infraestructuras de transporte en Asturias y una tambien clasica enumeracion de las principales obras pendientes de interes general (Autovia del Cantabrico, Variante de Pajares, nuevos accesos al Valle del Nalon, etc.) o planes regionales en marcha (III Plan Regional de Carreteras, I Plan de Puertos). Por el contrario, el articulo se centra en apuntar los principales cambios de tendencias en el enfoque de la planificacion de las infraestructuras de transporte desde el hito de planeamiento que supuso el Plan Director de Infraestructuras 1993-2007 del MOPTMA, y en enfatizar la importancia del futuro Plan Intermodal de Transporte en el Area Central de Asturias.
Relationship Between Health Officer and Nurse (1933)

Relationship Between Health Officer and Nurse Points of View of a Health Officer Jacob C. Geiger CopyRight*Read at a Joint Session of the Health Officers and Public Health Nursing Sections of the American Public Health Association at the Sixty-first Annual Meeting in Washington, D. C., October 27 1932. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.23.7.697 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Research Support at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2013)

Tissue engineering aims at building 3-dimensional living substitutes that are equal to or better than the damaged tissue to be replaced. The development of such a tissue replacement requires a multidisciplinary approach and careful attention to the optimal cell source, the interactions of growth factors and extracellular milieu, and the scaffolding design. This article is a review of the tissue engineering programs of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which support research efforts to translate novel approaches for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Recent progress is discussed, which highlights some major questions relevant to cardiovascular tissue engineering. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has a strong interest in tissue engineering and will continue to foster the practical, clinical, and commercial development of research discoveries in this emerging field.
Preventing integrated circuit piracy using reconfigurable logic barriers (2009)

With each new feature size, integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing costs increase. Rising expenses cause the once vertical IC supply chain to flatten out. Companies are increasing their reliance on contractors, often foreign, to supplement their supply chain deficiencies as they no longer can provide all of the services themselves. This shift has brought with it several security concerns classified under three categories: (1) Metering controlling the number of ICs created and for whom. (2) Theft controlling the dissemination of intellectual property (IP). (3) Trust controlling the confidence in the IC post-fabrication. Our research focuses on providing a solution to the metering problem by restricting an attacker’s access to the IC design. Our solution modifies the CAD tool flow in order to identify locations in the circuit which can be protected with reconfigurable logic barriers. These barriers require the correct key to be present for information to flow through. Incorrect key values render the IC useless as the flow of information is blocked. Our selection heuristics utilize observability and controllability don’t care sets along with a node’s location in the network to maximize an attacker’s burden while keeping in mind the associated overhead. We implement our approach in an open-source logic synthesis tool, compare it against previous solutions and evaluate its effectiveness against a knowledgeable attacker.
Kinetics of digoxin and anti‐digoxin antibody fragments during treatment of digoxin toxicity. (1989)

Anti-digoxin antibody fragments (ADAF, 80 mg) were infused intravenously to successfully treat severe digoxin toxicity in an 82 year old woman. During treatment, total and free digoxin were determined using an Abbot TDX analyser and an ultrafiltration technique. ADAF were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By 1 h after ADAF, total serum digoxin concentrations had risen 12-fold from a pretreatment level of 15.4 nmol l-1 but free digoxin fell from 10 to 0.1 nmol l-1, indicating greater than 99.9% digoxin binding to ADAF. However, the low free levels had rebounded to 7.7 nmol l-1 by 12 h, but despite this rise the patient's condition had improved. A serum ADAF/digoxin molar ratio of around five was associated with the low concentration of free digoxin at 1 h, while at later times with ratios roughly between 3 and 4, the free digoxin concentrations ranged between 2.0 and 7.7 nmol l-1. ADAF were mainly confined to the plasma during the first hour, but subsequently distributed into an apparent volume of 193 ml kg-1. The elimination half-lives of ADAF and total digoxin were 96 and 55 h, respectively. More than 50% of the estimated digoxin load had been excreted in the urine by 5 days; for ADAF the equivalent figure was only about 3%. Renal and/or bacterial degradation may have contributed to the low detection of urinary ADAF.