gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATION OF CAVITATION BUBBLES IN A MECHANICAL HEART VALVE WITH AN ELECTROHYDRAULIC TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (2004)

It has been conceived that the mechanical heart valve(MHV) mounted in an artificial heart close much faster than in ordinary use, resulting in cavitation bubbles formation, When cavitation bubbles flow onward into a higher-pressure region, the rapid collapse of these bubbles may generate high pressure, and can cause red blood cell trauma. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism for cavitation associated with MHVs in an electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH). The closing event of these valves in the mitral position were simulated in the EHTAH. The closing behavior was measured by a laser displacement sensor. A pressure sensor was mounted 10 mm away from the major orifice on the valve surface. The high-speed camera was used to capture the cavitation bubble. The closing velocity increased with an increase in the heart rate; its values in the bileaflet valves were lower than that of the monoleaflet valves. The magnitude of the negative pressure increased with an increase in the heart rate. The negative pressure drop in the monoleaflet valves did reach a vapor pressure, the negative pressure drop in the bileaflet valves, even if higher heart rate, did not reach a vapor pressure. In the monoleaflet valves, the cavitation bubbles were observed at the edge of the valve stop and inner side of the leaflet, which was due to squeeze flow and water hammer effect, respectively. With the bileaflet valves, most of the cavitation bubbles were observed at the contact point with valve housing, and were caused by the squeeze flow.
No SMAD4 hypermethylation in colorectal cancer (2000)

The chromosome region 18q21 is frequently deleted in colorectal cancers. Three candidate tumour suppressor genes, DCC, SMAD4 and SMAD2, map to this region. The SMAD4(DPC4) gene was recently identified as a candidate pancreatic cancer suppressor gene. It is also a gene for juvenile polyposis tumour predisposition syndrome. Somatic SMAD4 mutations have been detected in some colorectal carcinomas. However, the frequency of these mutations is relatively low, and whether SMAD4 plays a key role in colorectal tumorigenesis is still unclear. In addition to loss of chromosomal material and intragenic mutations there is a third mechanism, DNA methylation, which may have an important role in gene inactivation. In the present study, we examined whether promoter hypermethylation could be a mechanism for SMAD4 inactivation. In total, 42 colorectal tumours were selected for the methylation analysis and no evidence of promoter hypermethylation was found. Our result suggests that hypermethylation of the SMAD4 promoter region is not a frequent event in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Installations for the neutralization of granular insulating materials obtained by electrostatic separation (2016)

Preventing accumulation of static charges and finding means for its elimination have been topics of active research in the field of electrostatic separation technologies for granular mixtures of insulating mixtures. Four installations are examined as potential solutions for the neutralization of the residual charges in separation processes. The experiments are performed with mm-size granules of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and High-Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) recovered from industrial wastes. The granules are corona charged at a potential similar to that acquired by triboelectric effect. They are spread across an electrode connected either to the ground or to a high voltage (HV) of opposite polarity, then exposed to either DC or AC corona, in view of neutralizing the residual charge. The use of AC corona gives the best results, attaining neutralization rates as high as 95.3 % for ABS and 87.3 % for HIPS granules.
Novel electrically conductive polyurethane/montmorillonite-polypyrrole nanocomposites (2015)

This work describes the production of electrically conductive nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filled with montmorillonite-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole (Mt-PPy.DBSA) prepared by melt blending in an internal mixer. The electrical conductivity, morphology as well as the rheological properties of TPU/Mt-PPy.DBSA nanocomposites were evaluated and compared with those of TPU nanocomposites containing different conductive fillers, such as polypyrrole doped with hydrochloride acid (PPy.Cl) or dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PPy.DBSA) or montmorillonite-hydrochloride acid-doped polypyrrole (Mt-PPy.Cl), prepared with the same procedure. The TPU/Mt-PPy.DBSA nanocomposites display a very sharp insulator-conductor transition and the electrical percolation threshold was about 10 wt% of Mt-PPy.DBSA, which was significantly lower than those found for TPU/Mt-PPy.Cl, TPU/PPy.Cl and TPU/PPy.DBSA. Morphological analysis highlights that Mt-PPy.DBSA filler was better distributed and dispersed in the TPU matrix, forming a denser conductive network when compared to Mt-PPy.Cl, PPy.Cl and PPy.DBSA fillers. This morphology can be attributed to the higher site-specific interaction between TPU matrix and Mt-PPy.DBSA. The present study demonstrated the potential use of Mt-PPy.DBSA as new promising conductive nanofiller to produce highly conductive polymer nanocomposites with functional properties.
Crystal structure of N-(2,5-dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-yl)-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide, C12H14N2O6S (2001)

Article Crystal structure of N-(2,5-dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-yl)-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide, C12H14N2O6S was published on April 1, 2001 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 216, issue 1-4).
Predictive model of a DBD lamp for power supply design and method for the automatic identification of its parameters (2007)

An electrical model for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is proposed, with the aim of its application in power supply design process. An identification method, which finds the actual value of the parameters in a model, is presented. The specific modelling of a XeCl exciplex lamp is developed, along with the identification procedure of the parameters, using a sinusoidal and a pulsed experiment. Electrical representation of the model is done in two different simulators. The applicability of the identified model is proved with different experiments. Differences between experimental and simulated waveforms are minor, encouraging the use of the model in the construction of the converter for the DBD lamp.
The effects of taxol on cytoskeletal components in cultured fibroblasts and epithelial cells (1983)

Taxol promotes microtubule (MT) assembly in vitro and induces the reorganization of the cytoskeleton into unusual MT arrays in cultured cells. The possibility that taxol also has an indirect effect on intermediate filaments (IF) was investigated. In baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and human skin (ENSON) fibroblasts treated with 1-10 microM taxol for 1-24 h, the drug induces changes which are similar to those produced by colchicine. These include a loss of major cellular extensions, a redistribution of organelles to a perinuclear location, and an inhibition of locomotion. Saltatory particle movements are not inhibited, however. Ruffling and filopod formation continue, indicating that cells are viable up to 24 h. Polarized light microscopy of living fibroblasts treated with taxol reveals the presence of perinuclear birefringent material which has been examined by immunofluorescence. In control cells, IF and MT radiate from a juxtanuclear region and extend to the cell periphery. In taxol-treated cells, MT and IF are excluded from cell margins, forming large central bundles. In the epithelial cell lines PtK2 and PAM, the keratin system of IF does not become redistributed; in PtK2, however, a second fibroblastlike system of IF does become redistributed to a perinuclear position during taxol treatment. Ultrastructural analyses show that taxol-treated fibroblasts contain parallel arrays of cross-bridged MT-IF as well as bundles of MT exclusive of IF. Epithelial cells contain a predominance of IF-free MT bundles which are organized into hexagonally packed arrays. In these bundles MT frequently exhibit hooks or other incomplete MT profiles and are linked by filamentous material.
Solid-State Displacement Reaction between Chromium and Cuprous Oxide (1988)

The solid-state displacement reaction between Cr and Cu2O was carried out in argon at 1173 K and 1273 K. The product zone consisted of three layers of Cr2O3, Cu+CuCrO2 two-phase product and Cu. The Cu and Cu+CuCrO2, two-phase layer grew as one aggregate layer. The Cr2O3 layer once formed became thinner during the reaction and correspondingly the Cu+CuCrO2 layer became thicker. The consumption of Cr2O3 is considered to be due to the side reaction 2Cu+O+Cr2O3=2CuCrO2. The stability of the reaction products is discussed on the basis of the phase diagram of the Cu–Cr–O system.
Global Right Atrial Mapping of Human Atrial Flutter: The Presence of Posteromedial (Sinus Venosa Region) Functional Block and Double Potentials (2000)

(1) A functional line of block is seen at the posteromedial (sinus venosa region) right atrium during counterclockwise and clockwise atrial flutter. (2) All lateral wall right atrial activation can be uniform during flutter, without linear block or double potentials in the region of the crista terminalis. (3) Activation at the site of posteromedial right atrial functional block can organize to subsequently initiate isthmus-dependent atrial flutter.
Caractérisation d'une grille de mise à la terre par une équation de diffusion (2005)

Cet article a été rédigé conjointement avec l'équipe CEM de l'université de JIJEL en Algérie dans le cadre d'un contrat de recherche international
Effects of vitamin A and ethanol on liver plasma membrane fluidity (1988)

To study possible mechanisms whereby vitamin A and ethanol may affect liver plasma membranes, rats were fed liquid diets containing either 6 international units of vitamin A per kcal or 5 times more, with or without ethanol (36% of total energy as isocaloric substitution for carbohydrate). Vitamin A supplementation resulted in 2- to 3-fold increases of liver plasma membrane free retinol (p less than 0.005) and retinyl esters (p less than 0.001), particularly esters of palmitate and oleate, whereas cholesterol esters did not change. The fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene revealed decreased fluidity as measured by an increase in fluorescence polarization which correlated significantly with retinyl palmitate plus oleate content in membranes. In rats fed ethanol chronically, we first verified our previous observation of a decrease in liver plasma membrane fluorescence polarization. We now find this effect to be associated with (and possibly due to) an increase of cholesterol ester content. In linear regression analysis, the change in fluorescence polarization correlated positively with vitamin A (p less than 0.02) and negatively with cholesterol ester contents (p less than 0.001). Ethanol feeding partially offset the effect of vitamin A supplementation on fluorescence polarization. We conclude from these observations that liver plasma membranes contain a significant amount of vitamin A, that vitamin A supplementation increases membrane fluorescence polarization and that chronic ethanol administration can interfere with this effect.
STRUCTURAL GENES FOR DAHP SYNTHASE ISOENZYMES IN <i>NEUROSPORA CRASSA</i> (1971)

DEoxY-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHP synthase) is 3 the first enzymic function specific to aromatic biosynthesis.In Neurospora crassa, there are three DAHP synthase isoenzymes, each subject to feedback inhibition by one of the three aromatic amino acids (DOY 1968, 1970; JENSEN and NASSER 1968) : phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp) .Mutations inactivating each isoenzyme separately have been isolated ( HALSALL and DOY 1969) : arom-6 (aromatic-6) affecting DAHP synthase (Tyr), arom-7 affecting DAHP synthase (Phe), and mom-8 affecting DAHP synthase (Trp) .
Caveolin regulation of endothelial function (2003)

Caveolae are the sites in the cell membrane responsible for concentrating an array of signaling molecules critical for cell function. Recent studies have begun to identify the functions of caveolin-1, the 22-kDa caveolar protein that oligomerizes and inserts into the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. Caveolin-1 appears to regulate caveolar internalization by stabilizing caveolae at the plasma membrane rather than controlling the shape of the membrane invagination. Because caveolin-1 is a scaffolding protein, it has also been hypothesized to function as a "master regulator" of signaling molecules in caveolae. Deletion of the caveolin-1 gene in mice resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and lung fibrosis, indicating its importance in cardiac and lung development. In the endothelium, caveolin-1 regulates nitric oxide signaling by binding to and inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Increased cytosolic Ca2+ or activation of the kinase Akt leads to eNOS activation and its dissociation from caveolin-1. Caveolae have also been proposed as the vesicle carriers responsible for transcellular transport (transcytosis) in endothelial cells. Transcytosis, the primary means of albumin transport across continuous endothelia, occurs by fission of caveolae from the membrane. This event is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and dynamin. As Ca2+ influx channels and pumps are localized in caveolae, caveolin-1 is also an important determinant of Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells. Many of these findings were presented in San Diego, CA, at the 2003 Experimental Biology symposium "Caveolin Regulation of Endothelial Function" and are reviewed in this summary.
Morphology development during isothermal crystallization. II. Isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene blends (2001)

Abstract Morphology development during isothermal crystallization in equal molecular weight isotactic polypropylene ( i PP), syndiotactic polypropylene ( s PP), and i PP/ s PP blends was studied with time‐resolved simultaneous small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) with synchrotron radiation. The s PP melting point is 15–20 °C below that of the i PP component, and s PP multiple melting is not affected by blending for 50–100 wt % s PP compositions. SAXS and WAXD (at 115 and 137.5 °C) show that s PP crystallizes more slowly than i PP. The s PP long spacing is larger than that of i PP at both crystallization temperatures, exhibits a broader distribution, and changes to a greater extent during crystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cooling and SAXS/WAXD measurements show i PP crystallizing first and nearly to completion before s PP in a 50:50 i PP/ s PP blend. At 115 °C, i PP crystals nucleate s PP in a 50:50 blend and modify the s PP lamellar spacing. The nucleation does not overcome the large difference in the i PP and s PP rates at 137.5 °C. Before s PP crystallization in a 50:50 blend (115 °C), the i PP long spacing is not affected by molten s PP. The i PP long spacing is slightly expanded by molten s PP, and the WAXD induction time is delayed at 137.5 °C. The observed i PP long spacing in the presence of molten s PP is consistent with previously reported results for i PP/atactic polypropylene ( a PP) blends of similar molecular weight. Quantitative differences between the two types of blends are consistent with previously reported thermodynamic rankings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1876–1888, 2001
Neurophysiology of fastest voluntary muscle contraction in hereditary neuropathy (1990)

In patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy types I (demyelinative) and II (neuronal) and in normal subjects, isometric force and electromyographic activity of the first dorsal interosseous muscle were recorded during fastest voluntary contractions and during twitches evoked by nerve stimulation. The maximum voluntary force of the first dorsal interosseous muscle was also measured. In patients, fastest voluntary contraction time (i.e., time from onset of contraction to peak force) was prolonged and inversely proportional to maximum voluntary force. Maximum rate of rise of tension (i.e., slope of rise in force) was reduced and directly proportional to maximum voluntary force. In patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I, contraction time was longer and the maximum rate of rise of tension was lower than in those with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II. In patients and normal subjects, voluntary contraction time was closely correlated with the duration of electromyographic bursts. In patients, the twitch contraction time was prolonged and inversely proportional to maximum voluntary force. Twitch contraction amplitude was diminished and directly proportional to maximum voluntary force. Neither twitch contraction time nor amplitude were dependent on the type of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Twitch contraction time evoked by proximal nerve stimulation was minimally longer than that evoked by distal stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Space-Variant 2-D Processing Using A Sampled Input/Sampled Transfer Function Approach</title> (1980)

Any slowly varying 2-D space-variant system can, in principle, be represented holo-graphically by spatially sampling the input plane and multiplexing the respective system transfer functions. This paper describes an alternative multiplexing technique in which one samples in the Fourier plane to produce the multiplexed holograms. Various techniques for accessing any particular set of the multiplexed transfer functions are considered. Preliminary experimental results are also presented.
222 nm single‐peaked deep‐UV LED with thin AlGaN quantum well layers (2009)

Abstract We fabricated 222 nm AlGaN multi‐quantum well (MQW) deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting diode (LED) on high quality AlN buffers grown by ammonia (NH 3 ) pulse‐flow multilayer growth method on sapphire substrate. We obtained remarkable enhancement of emission intensity of 220 nm‐band DUV LED by introducing thin (<1.6 nm) quantum well. We realized a single peaked operation of a 222 nm DUV AlGaN MQW LED under pulsed current injection, which is the shortest wavelength of AlGaN LED on sapphire substrate. The maximum output power and external quantum efficiency of 222 nm AlGaN MQW LED were 14 μW and 0.003%, respectively. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fundamental Matrix of a Stereo Pair, with A Contrario Elimination of Outliers (2016)

In a stereo image pair, the fundamental matrix encodes the rigidity constraint of the scene. It combines the internal parameters of both cameras (which can be the same) and their relative position and orientation. It associates to image points in one view the so-called epipolar line in the other view, which is the locus of projection of the same 3D point, whose particular position on the straight line is determined by its depth. Reducing the correspondence search to a 1D line instead of the 2D image is a large benefit enabling the computation of the dense 3D scene. The estimation of the matrix depends on at least seven pairs of corresponding points in the images. The algorithm discarding outliers presented here is a variant of the classical RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) based on a contrario methodology and proposed first by Moisan and Stival in 2004 under the name ORSA. The distinguishing feature of this algorithm compared to other RANSAC variants is that the measure of validity of a set of point pairs is not its sheer number, but a combination of this number and the geometric precision of the points.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Group‐Modified DIOP Dioxides (Ar‐DIOPOs) and Their Application as Modular Lewis Base Catalysts. (2012)

Abstract The activities of the most active Lewis bases are demonstrated in the presented reactions.
Studies on Anthelmintics. IX (1953)

Of the four possible racemates of α-(3-keto-9-methyl-3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-hexahydronaphthyl-6)-propionic acid, three kinds with m. p. 164°, 155°, and 202°, were obtained starting from methyl α-(3-ketocyclohexyl)-propionate or diethyl (3-ketocyclohexyl)-methylmalo nate which were derived through the hydroxymethylene compound to the formyl methyl compound, condensed with acetone, cyclized, and saponified. The lower melting compounds were structurally confirmed by their dienone-phenol rearrangement and from this the difference in their structures at C11 was assumed. On the other hand, the position of the hydroxymethylene was directly confirmed by other methods.
The Utilization of Reconfigurable Hardware to Implement Digital Controllers: a Review (2007)

This paper reviews the impact of Reconfigurable Hardware (RH) on the design of digital controllers. It starts by showing the application areas in which this technology has more influence. The reasons of the technology migration are then analyzed, pointing specific examples from the literature. Finally, run-time reconfiguration (RTR) of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is revised and its utilization for designing FPGA-based controllers is presented. The research trends are shown, giving an insight on the potential benefits of using this technology.
PKCβ Promotes Vascular Inflammation and Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE Null Mice (2013)

These data link enhanced activation of PKCβ to accelerated diabetic atherosclerosis via a mechanism that includes modulation of gene transcription and signal transduction in the vascular wall, processes that contribute to acceleration of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Our results uncover a novel role for PKCβ in modulating CD11c expression and inflammatory response of macrophages in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. These findings support PKCβ activation as a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of diabetic atherosclerosis.
Associations of Antioxidant Status, Oxidative Stress, with Skin Carotenoids Assessed by Raman Spectroscopy (RS) (2006)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Parvalbumin-Containing Fast-Spiking Basket Cells Generate the Field Potential Oscillations Induced by Cholinergic Receptor Activation in the Hippocampus (2010)

Gamma frequency oscillations in cortical regions can be recorded during cognitive processes, including attention or memory tasks. These oscillations are generated locally as a result of reciprocal interactions between excitatory pyramidal cells and perisomatic inhibitory interneurons. Here, we examined the contribution of the three perisomatic interneuron types--the parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking basket cells (FSBCs) and axo-axonic cells (AACs), as well as the cholecystokinin-containing regular-spiking basket cells (RSBCs) to cholinergically induced oscillations in hippocampal slices, a rhythmic activity that captures several features of the gamma oscillations recorded in vivo. By analyzing the spiking activities of single neurons recorded in parallel with local field potentials, we found that all three cell types fired phase locked to the carbachol-induced oscillations, although with different frequencies and precision. During these oscillations, FSBCs fired the most with the highest accuracy compared with the discharge of AACs and RSBCs. In further experiments, we showed that activation of μ-opioid receptors by DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin acetate), which significantly reduced the inhibitory, but not excitatory, transmission, suppressed or even blocked network oscillations both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the desynchronization of pyramidal cell firing. Using paired recordings, we demonstrated that carbachol application blocked GABA release from RSBCs and reduced it from FSBCs and AACs, whereas DAMGO further suppressed the GABA release only from FSBCs, but not from AACs. These results collectively suggest that the rhythmic perisomatic inhibition, generating oscillatory fluctuation in local field potentials after carbachol treatment of hippocampal slices, is the result of periodic GABA release from FSBCs.