gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization and Evolution of the <i>cotG</i> and <i>cotH</i> Genes of Bacillus subtilis (2011)

The cotG and cotH genes of Bacillus subtilis encode two previously characterized spore coat proteins. The two genes are adjacent on the chromosome and divergently transcribed by σ(K), a sporulation-specific σ factor of the RNA polymerase. We report evidence that the cotH promoter maps 812 bp upstream of the beginning of its coding region and that the divergent cotG gene is entirely contained between the promoter and the coding part of cotH. A bioinformatic analysis of all entirely sequenced prokaryotic genomes showed that such chromosomal organization is not common in spore-forming bacilli. Indeed, CotG is present only in B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. atrophaeus and in two Geobacillus strains. When present, cotG always encodes a modular protein composed of tandem repeats and is always close to but divergently transcribed with respect to cotH. Bioinformatic and phylogenic data suggest that such genomic organizations have a common evolutionary origin and that the modular structure of the extant cotG genes is the outcome of multiple rounds of gene elongation events of an ancestral minigene.
Data Management for XML: Research Directions (1999)

This paper is a July 1999 snapshot of a &quot;whitepaper&quot; that I&apos;ve been working on. The purpose of the whitepaper, which I initially drafted in April 1999, was to formulate and put into prose my thoughts on the research opportunities XML brings to the general area of data management. It is important to know that this paper is not a survey. It offers my personal opinions and thoughts on Data Management for XML, fully incorporating my biases and ignorances. Related work is not discussed, and references are not provided with the exception of a handful of URLs. Furthermore, I expect the whitepaper to evolve over time; please see [1] for the latest version. 1 The XML Revolution XML---the eXtensible Markup Language---has recently emerged as a new standard for data representation and exchange on the Internet [2]. The basic ideas underlying XML are very simple: tags on data elements identify the meaning of the data, rather than, e.g., specifying how the data should be formatted (as in HTML), and ...
Development of an Outdoor Temperature-Based Control Algorithm for Residential Mechanical Ventilation Control (2014)

Smart ventilation systems use controls to ventilate more during those periods that provide either an energy or IAQ advantage (or both) and less during periods that provide a dis advantage. Using detailed building simulations, this study addresses one of the simplest and lowest cost types of smart controllers —outdoor temperature- based control. If the outdoor temperature falls below a certain cut- off, the fan is simply turned off. T he main principle of smart ventilation used in this study is to shift ventilation from time periods with large indoor -outdoor temperature differences, to periods where these differences are smaller, and their energy impacts are expected to be less. Energy and IAQ performance are assessed relative to a base case of a continuously operated ventilation fan sized to comply with ASHRAE 62.2-2013 whole house ventilation requirements. In order to satisfy 62.2-2013, annual pollutant exposure must be equivalent between the temperature controlled and continuous fan cases. This requires ventilation to be greater than 62.2 requirements when the ventilation system operates. This is achieved by increasing the mechanical ventilation system air flow rates.
Structure−Activity Relationships:  Analogues of the Dicaffeoylquinic and Dicaffeoyltartaric Acids as Potent Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Replication (1999)

The dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) and dicaffeoyltartaric acids (DCTAs) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase. They also inhibit HIV-1 replication at nontoxic concentrations. Since integrase is an excellent target for anti-HIV therapy, structure-activity relationships were employed to synthesize compounds with: (1) improved potency against HIV-1 integrase, (2) improved anti-HIV effect in tissue culture, and (3) increased selectivity as indicated by low cellular toxicity. Thirty-four analogues of the DCTAs and DCQAs were synthesized and tested for cell toxicity, anti-HIV activity, and inhibition of HIV-1 integrase. Seventeen of the 34 analogues had potent activity against HIV-1 integrase ranging from 0. 07 to >10 microM. Seventeen analogues that were synthesized or purchased had no inhibitory activity against integrase at concentrations of 25 microM. Of the biologically active analogues, 7 of the 17 inhibited HIV replication at nontoxic concentrations. The most potent compounds were D-chicoric acid, meso-chicoric acid, bis(3,4-dihydroxydihydrocinnamoyl)-L-tartaric acid, digalloyl-L-tartaric acid, bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-tartaric acid, dicaffeoylglyceric acid, and bis(3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl)-L-tartaric acid. Anti-HIV activity of the active compounds in tissue culture ranged from 35 to 0.66 microM. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated that biscatechol moieties were absolutely required for inhibition of integrase, while at least one free carboxyl group was required for anti-HIV activity. These data demonstrate that analogues of the DCTAs and the DCQAs can be synthesized which have improved activity against HIV integrase.
Avances terapéuticos en talasemia y drepanocitosis (2000)

Talasemia. Etiopatogenia y complicaciones
Las talasemias son trastornos hereditarios en los cuales existe produccion defectuosa de la hemoglobina.
Se dividen en dos grandes grupos: la alfa talasemia, en la cual la sintesis de la cadena alfa de la globina se trastorna (habitualmente por delecion de los genes estructurales), y la beta talasemia, en la cual el defecto esta en la produccion de la cadena beta de la globina, sin que medie una delecion de los genes.
Dentro de este ultimo grupo se pueden encontrar: mutaciones de la trascripcion, RNA mensajero disfuncional, cambios secuenciales dentro de los intrones, etc.
Nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Past, present, and future. (1992)

The history of research on avascular necrosis of the femoral head during the past 30 years includes clinical and radiologic data, etiology and epidemiology, histopathology, and other methods of exploration, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, and treatments. Preradiologic stages of the disease, its association with corticosteroid treatment, the use of core biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging for an early diagnosis, the pathogenetic significance of increased intramedullary pressure and of lipid metabolism and fat cell changes, and conservative surgical procedures such as core decompression and rotational osteotomy constitute important areas for further investigation as outlined in detail in this review.
Development and evaluation of a CMOS sensor-based digital intra-oral radiographic system (2005)

As part of an ongoing investigation into the development of a dental digital radiographic (DDR) system using a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, this study developed hardware and software with a graphical user interface to acquire and display intra-oral images from a prototype DDR system. The aim of this study was to develop a DDR system using a CMOS sensor and evaluate its characteristics. Electrical signals that were generated by the CMOS sensor were transformed into digital images by a control computer equipped using a USB board. The distance between the X-ray tube and the CMOS sensor was adjusted within the range of 10-40 cm to provide the optimal image quality. In order to evaluate the image quality according to variations in the dose, phantom images (60 kVp, 7 mA) were obtained at exposure times of 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 s, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated from the phantom image data. The modulation transfer function (MTF) was obtained from a Fourier transform of the line spread function, which was itself derived from the edge spread function of a sharp edge image acquired using the exposure conditions of 60 kVp, 7 mA, and 0.08 s exposure time. The best contrast and focus were obtained at 20 cm. The SNR level was found to increase with increasing exposure time ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 s. The results obtained at 10% of the MTF showed that the resolution of the DDR system was approximately 6.2 line pairs per millimeter. The characteristics of the prototype DDR system have potential applications in intra-oral dental radiographic imaging. The fully developed DDR system can be used for making a clinical diagnosis with further improvements in the acquisition time and spatial resolution.
Identification of Flavoring Constituents of Commercial Flavors (1939)

Journal Article Identification of Flavoring Constituents of Commercial Flavors Get access John B Wilson, John B Wilson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar George L Keenan George L Keenan Joint contribution from the Beverage Section of the Food Division and the Microanalytical Division, Food and Drug Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, held at Washington, D. C., November 14-16, 1938. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1 May 1939, Pages 389–392, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/22.2.389 Published: 18 February 2020
A CMOS Power Amplifier With Integrated-Passive-Device Spiral-Shaped Directional Coupler for Mobile UHF RFID Reader (2011)

A CMOS power amplifier (PA) with a compact spiral-shaped directional coupler for a mobile UHF RF identification (RFID) reader is proposed here, and its output power combiner and the directional coupler are implemented using an integrated passive device process. The two-chip solution not only enables a CMOS PA to be highly efficient, but also allows the directional coupler and the power combiner to be mounted in a compact standard package. A polar transmitter is implemented using the CMOS PA with the directional coupler to verify the operation of the proposed configuration for a UHF RFID reader. Measurements indicate that the CMOS PA with the directional coupler transmits 27.3 dBm of output with 44.6% of power-added efficiency and that the implemented polar transmitter satisfies the required UHF RFID reader specifications.
5‐Methyldeoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase and 5‐methylcytidyl‐DNA deaminase activities are present in human mature sperm cells (2002)

Human mature sperm cells have a high nuclease and 5-methyldeoxycytidine monophosphate (5-mdCMP) deaminase activity. The deaminase converts the nuclease degradation product 5-mdCMP into dTMP which is further cleaved into thymine and the abasic sugar-phosphate. Both 5-methylcytidine 5' and 3' monophosphates are good substrates for the deaminase. 5-methylcytidine is not a good deaminase substrate and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is not a substrate. A purified fraction of the deaminase free of nucleases deaminates 5mC present in intact methylated double-stranded DNA. 5-mdCMP deaminase co-purifies on SDS-PAGE with dCMP deaminase and has an apparent molecular weight of 25 kDa. The enzyme requires no divalent cations and has a Km of 1.4 x 10(-7) M for 5-mdCMP and a Vmax of 7 x 10(-11) mol/h/microg protein. The possible biological implications of the deaminase's activities in the present system are discussed.
Bio-inspired vision (2012)

Nature still outperforms the most powerful computers in routine functions involving perception, sensing and actuation like vision, audition, and motion control, and is, most strikingly, orders of magnitude more energy-efficient than its artificial competitors. The reasons for the superior performance of biological systems are subject to diverse investigations, but it is clear that the form of hardware and the style of computation in nervous systems are fundamentally different from what is used in artificial synchronous information processing systems. Very generally speaking, biological neural systems rely on a large number of relatively simple, slow and unreliable processing elements and obtain performance and robustness from a massively parallel principle of operation and a high level of redundancy where the failure of single elements usually does not induce any observable system performance degradation. In the late 1980`s, Carver Mead demonstrated that silicon VLSI technology can be employed in implementing ``neuromorphic'' circuits that mimic neural functions and fabricating building blocks that work like their biological role models. Neuromorphic systems, as the biological systems they model, are adaptive, fault-tolerant and scalable, and process information using energy-efficient, asynchronous, event-driven methods.
Green Chemical Eco-industry System for Producing a Series of Fine Chemical Products with CO_2 Insteaded of Phosgene (2010)

In this paper,it is studied that how to synthesize dimethyl carbonate(DMC) with carbon dioxide as material and diols as co-productions,as well as how to product epoxy alkanes from olefins.And it is worth mentioning that DMC is a kind of environment-friendly chemical materials. Besides,DMC,instead of toxic phosgene,is used to develop a series of new clean technologies in this article,such as the production process of ethyl(propyl/butyl/pentyl/hexyl/oxtyl)-methyl/ diethyl/dipropyl/dibutyl/dipentyl/dihexyl/dioxtyl carbonates,furazolidone,hydrazine carbonate,methyl phenylamine/ benzylamine carbamates,dimethyl p-phenylenediamine dicarbamate,methyl m-hydroxyl-amine/m-toluidine carbamates,dimethyl 4,4'-diphenyl methane/ dimethyl 1,6-hexanediamine dicarbamates,alkylamine methyl carbamate,methyl hydrazine,sulfometuron,metsulfuron-methyl,chlorimuron-ethyl etc.This new production technology which made use of carbon dioxide indirectly and replaced the toxic phosgene can promote optimization of chemical industry structure and shape a Green High-tech Fine Chemical Industry Eco-system for producing a series of fine chemical products with carbon dioxide. All the researches discussed above are significant.By the investigations,not only the industrial structure is optimized,but energy conservation also is promoted.
Geographic concentration and establishment size: analysis in an alternative economic geography model (2004)

Big cities specialize in services rather than manufacturing. Big-city establishments in services are larger than the national average, whereas those in manufacturing are smaller. We propose an explanation of these and other related facts. The theory is developed in an economic geography model that is an alternative to the standard Dixit–Stiglitz structure. In our tractable structure, which has potentially wider application, firms have monopoly power in local markets but are price takers in export markets.
Viral Clearance Integration (Session IV): General Trends, Bracketing, QbD, Virus Preparation Quality Attributes (2014)

The development of an integrated viral clearance strategy relies on process knowledge. Selected unit operations should be robust in their properties to inactivate/remove viruses; critical process parameters (CPPs) should be identified and controlled adequately. Moreover, the mechanism of action in
Hybrid braking: Future vehicle technology (2014)

Automobile brake by wire system has become a promising vehicle braking control scheme and enhancing braking performance over conventional hydraulic system. But these brakes require high power to generate actuation force and also problem of clogging is faced. This paper presents a novel methodology to improve braking quality and to tackle the problem of brake by wire system by introducing hybrid braking system. This system uses fixed radio frequency over a single channel and is based on an ultra high frequency band. This system is coupled with highly efficient pressure sensor and thermal sensor to check various parameters. Rack and pinion is used as actuation system to force the pad toward the rotor. It is highly efficient in term greater efficiency of rack and pinion over any other, quick response as well as inexpensive and easy installation. Experimentation is conducted and stimulation of hybrid braking system is done through software which shows results in favor of new proposed system.
Positive Word‐of‐Mouth: Customer Satisfaction and BuyerBehaviour (1992)

Bank marketers are making considerable efforts to increase the satisfaction of their commercial customers because satisfied customers are known to display higher levels of source loyalty and to be less vulnerable to the marketing efforts of competitors. A third reason is to create positive word‐of‐mouth among their peer and advisory communities. This study by telephone interview of 325 medium‐sized business owners in the USA shows that positive word‐of‐mouth is a powerful factor in the purchase of financial services but is less effective in predicting eventual service satisfaction.
Physico-chemical and NMR relaxometric characterization of gadolinium hydroxide and dysprosium oxide nanoparticles (2008)

Gadolinium hydroxide and dysprosium oxide nanoparticles, which constitute a new interesting class of magnetic nanoparticles, are characterized by different methods, using x-ray diffraction, magnetometry and NMR relaxometry at multiple fields. The rod-like particles are first shown to have a simple paramagnetic behavior, like the bulk compound, without any influence of the nanometric size of the particles. Because of their paramagnetic moment, these particles considerably shorten water relaxation times, especially the transverse relaxation time at high fields. The relaxation induced by gadolinium hydroxide particles is due to a proton exchange between the particle surface and bulk water, while the transverse relaxation caused by dysprosium oxide particles is governed by the diffusion of water protons around the magnetized particles. 1/T(2) increases linearly with the magnetic field for gadolinium hydroxide particles while a quadratic increase is observed for dysprosium oxide nanoparticles. The relaxation results are compared with those from previous studies and interpreted using different theories for the relaxation induced by magnetic particles.
Constructing Molecular Classifiers for the Accurate Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma (2006)

Our results show that the prediction models based on the expression levels of a small number of marker genes could accurately predict patient outcome for individualized therapy of lung adenocarcinoma. Such an individualized treatment may significantly increase survival due to the optimization of treatment procedures and improve lung cancer survival every year through the 5-year checkpoint.
Cytotoxicity and Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activities of Saikosaponins from<i>Bupleurum</i>Species (2003)

Saikosaponins, the main active constituents of Bupleurum spp., have been shown to possess immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-viral activities. In this study, saikosaponins a, c and d were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-hepatitis B virus ( HBV) activities. Results showed that, with the exception of saikosaponins a and d, HBV-transfected human hepatoma cells (2.2.15 cells) cultured with saikosaponin c showed a significantly lower level of HBeAg in culture medium. Saikosaponin c also possessed activity in inhibiting HBV DNA replication; this inhibitory effect was not due to the cytotoxicity of saikosaponin c or its effect on 2.2.15 cell proliferation. Although saikosaponin d exhibited cytotoxicity on 2.2.15 cells, it failed to inhibit HBV multiplication. The cytotoxicity of saikosaponin d against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells was due to the induction of apoptosis through the activation of caspases 3 and 7, which subsequently resulted in poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) cleavage. DNA fragmentation was clearly noted at more than 6 h after HepG2 cells exposure to saikosaponin d. The present study concludes that saikosaponin c exhibits anti-HBV activity and saikosaponin d possesses potent cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Residual ISI cancellation for OFDM with applications to HDTV broadcasting (1998)

An iterative technique is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to mitigate the residual intersymbol interference (ISI) that exceeds the length of the guard interval. The technique, called residual ISI cancellation (RISIC), uses a combination of tail cancellation and cyclic restoration and is shown to offer large performance improvements. The effects of imperfect channel estimation are also considered. The RISIC algorithm is applied to a typical terrestrial high-definition television (HDTV) broadcasting system that uses a concatenated coding scheme for error control. Results show that the RISIC algorithm can effectively mitigate residual ISI on static or slowly fading ISI channels.
Rapid and Scalable Synthesis of Cuprous Halide-Derived Copper Nano-Architectures for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (2019)

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) into value-added chemicals and fuels provides a promising pathway for environmental and energy sustainability. Copper (Cu) demonstrates a unique ability to catalyze the electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable multicarbon products. However, developing a rapid, scalable and cost-effective method to synthesize efficient and stable Cu catalysts with high selectivity toward multicarbon products at a low overpotential is still hard to achieve and highly desirable. In this work, we present a facile wet chemistry approach to yield well-defined cuprous halide (CuX, X = Cl, Br or I) microcrystals with different degrees of truncations at edges/vertices, which can be ascribed to the oxidative etching mechanism of halide ions. More importantly, the as-obtained cuprous halides can be electrochemically transformed into varied Cu nanoarchitectures, thus exhibiting distinct CO<sub>2</sub> reduction behaviors. The CuI-derived Cu nanofibers composed of self-assembled nanoparticles are reported for the first time, which favor the formation of C<sub>2+3</sub> products at a low overpotential with a particular selectivity toward ethane. In comparison, the Cu nanocubes evolved from CuCl are highly selective toward C<sub>1</sub> products. For CuBr-derived Cu nanodendrites, C<sub>1</sub> products are subject to form at a low overpotential, while C<sub>2+3</sub> products gradually become dominant with a favorable formation of ethylene when the potential turns more negative. This work explicitly reveals the critical morphology effect of halide-derived Cu nanostructures on the CO<sub>2</sub> product selectivity, and also provides an ideal platform to investigate the structure-property relationship for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction.
Simulation, simulation, simulation (2007)

Over the last couple of years, Rhythm and Hues Studios developed various fluid simulations techniques, which can be combined in a flexible process to maximize the ability to manipulate and art direct each step. This workflow was successfully developed and applied on recent feature work such as "Superman Returns" and "Happy Feet".