gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of Factor VIII Light Chain Is Required for Maximal Generation of Factor VIIIa Activity (1995)

Thrombin-catalyzed activation of heterodimeric factor VIII occurs by limited proteolysis, yielding subunits A1 and A2 derived from the heavy chain (HC) and A3-C1-C2 derived from the light chain (LC). The roles of these cleavages in the function of procoagulant activity are poorly understood. To determine whether LC cleavage contributes to the potentiation of factor VIII activity, factor VIII heterodimers were reconstituted from native HC and either thrombin-cleaved LC (A3-C1-C2) or intact LC and purified by Mono S chromatography. The reconstituted factor VIII form containing the A3-C1-C2 subunit had a specific activity (2 units/micrograms) that was approximately 3-fold greater than that of the reconstituted factor VIII form containing native LC (0.6 units/microgram). Factor Xa generation assays using the hybrid heterodimer showed an initial rate that was unaffected by the presence of von Willebrand factor and a reduced lag time when compared with the native heterodimer. The A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer was dissociated by chelation, and the purified A1 subunit was reacted with either the A3-C1-C2 subunit or the LC in the presence of Mn2+ to reconstitute the dimer. Factor VIIIa heterotrimers were reconstituted from either A1/A3-C1-C2 or A1/LC plus the A2 subunit. The authentic factor VIIIa heterotrimer (A1/A3-C1-C2/A2) had 3-fold greater activity than the form containing the LC. However, upon reaction with thrombin, the activity of the latter form was increased to that of the factor VIIIa form containing native subunits. The incremental increase in fluorescence anisotropy of fluorescein-Phe-Phe-Arg chloromethyl ketone-modified factor IXa was markedly greater in the presence of HC/A3-C1-C2 (delta r = 0.037) compared with HC/LC (delta r = 0.011) and approached the value obtained with factor VIIIa (delta r = 0.051). These results suggest that cleavage of factor VIII LC directly contributes to the potentiation of coagulant activity by modulating the conformation of the factor IXa active site.
Radio positions and optical identifications for a complete sample of southern flat-spectrum radio sources - I. Region 06h to 18h (1987)

Optical identifications have been sought for 73 southern radio sources using new positions determined with the six-dish array of the Fleurs synthesis telescope. These sources constitute a complete sample drawn from the Parkes 2700-MHz catalogue. They are all flat-spectrum ($\alpha \gt0.5$) sources stronger than 0.25 Jy at 2700 MHz and lie between R.A. |$(\text{B}1950.0)\,{06}^\text{h}{00}^\text{m}\,\text {and}\, {18}^\text{h}{00}^\text{m}$| and Dec. |$(\text{B}1950.00)\,-{80}^{^{\circ} }\,\text{and}\,-{50}^{^{\circ} }$|⁠. Sources with |$|b|\,\lt{5}^{^{\circ} }$| are not included. The new radio positions have standard deviations of ~2 arcsec in right ascension and declination. The optical positions are with respect to the FK4 reference system as defined by the Perth catalogues and have position uncertainties of ~0.5 arcsec. Magnitude estimates are on the J scale and are accurate to ~0.4 mag for stellar-like objects and 0.5 to l.0 mag for galaxies. The sample is complete to the 22.5-mag limit of the SERC J sky atlas. The probable identifications consist of 43 stellar-like objects, 21 galaxies and 10 empty fields.
Mathematical modeling of the influence of interfering species on the performance of an amperometric biosensor with porous membrane (2014)

This paper presents a one-dimensional-in-space mathematical model of the amperometric biosensor with porous membrane influenced by the presence of interfering species. The model is based on diffusion equations. Various effects regarding amperometric bias, caused by the presence of interfering species, have been analyzed.
ChemInform Abstract: Group IIB (12) Metal Alkyls: The Synthesis of Trifluorosilyl and Trifluoromethyl Alkyls of Cadmium and Zinc. (1986)

Abstract Alow temp. radio frequency glow discharge or plasma of hexafluoroethane and hexafluorodisilane is used to generate the trifluoromethyl and trifluorosilyl radicals, respectively.
Effect of renal function on serum nitrogen oxide concentrations. (1996)

Nitric oxide is too short-lived to measure in vivo, but its production can be estimated by measuring its stable oxidation products, nitrites and nitrates, in serum. Renal elimination of these ions has been demonstrated, but the effect of renal function on their concentrations in serum is currently unknown. We evaluated serum and urine nitrates + nitrites as serum nitrogen oxides (sNOx), nitrogen oxide (NOx) clearance, and creatinine clearance in 71 patients on the Intensive Therapy Unit. The correlation between sNOx and plasma creatinine was strong and highly significant (P <0.001). These results suggest that renal function has a significant effect on sNOx concentrations. Studies in which the sNOx concentration is used as an index of nitric oxide production can therefore be interpreted only if renal function has been taken into account.
Evidence for two serotype G3 subtypes among equine rotaviruses (1992)

Ten cultivable equine rotavirus isolates, two of North American, six of British, and two of Irish origin, were compared with standard rotavirus strains and with each other by cross neutralization, neutralization with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), hybridization to a simian rotavirus (SA-11) VP7 gene probe, and reaction with rotavirus subgrouping and serotyping MAbs in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Six isolates, two of which had previously been serotyped as G3 by other workers, were found to be serotype G3; one was confirmed to be G5, and three were not related to serotypes G1 to G10. The serotype G3 strains were divisible into two subtypes, G3A and G3B, on the basis of cross neutralization. This division was also apparent in reactions with neutralizing VP7-specific MAbs and in the liquid hybridization assay. Two of the isolates were not bound by either subgroup MAb, six were bound by both subgroup I and II MAbs, and two were bound by only the subgroup I MAb. The assays used in this characterization provide a range of epidemiological information for use in future field investigations.
Effect of plant lectins on the host-finding behaviour of Radopholus similis (2003)

Abstract The motility and the chemotactic response towards plant roots of Radopholus similis, after treatment with novel types of lectins, were examined in vitro by analysing movement tracks on agar plates. Six plant lectins belonging to five different lectin families and a banana thaumatin-like protein (BanTLP) were included in the experiment. A 1% concentration of Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) had an adverse effect on the motility of R. similis females: 63% showed no or very little movement on agar plates compared to an average of 33% for other lectins and 3% for the control treatment. A 0.05% concentration of PHA still reduced the motility of R. similis females by 75%. Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin did not alter the chemotactic response towards plant roots, despite binding of both lectins to R. similis. In contrast, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) reduced orientated movement of R. similis towards plant roots. Subsequently, secretions of R. similis were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R. Nematodes treated with GNA produced secretions less abundantly compared to the control treatment and BanTLP. The other lectins in the experiment had variable effects on secretion.
Penetration of Clindamycin and Its Metabolite N -Demethylclindamycin into Cerebrospinal Fluid following Intravenous Infusion of Clindamycin Phosphate in Patients with AIDS (1998)

Clindamycin, which is usually used in combination with pyrimethamine, has been proven effective in the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. However, it is not known if clindamycin achieves inhibitory concentrations at the site of infection. Also, it has been hypothesized that the activity of clindamycin against Toxoplasma gondii may be due, at least in part, to a metabolite. We evaluated the penetration of clindamycin and its major metabolite, N-demethylclindamycin (NDC), into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AIDS patients undergoing lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes. A single, 1,200-mg dose of clindamycin was administered as a 45-min intravenous infusion beginning at 1.5 or 2.5 h before CSF sampling. The concentrations of clindamycin in CSF ranged from 0.091 to 0.429 mg/liter at 1.5 h and from 0.120 to 0.283 mg/liter at 2.5 h following the beginning of the infusion. The concentrations of clindamycin in CSF were well above the 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.001 mg/liter and the parasiticidal concentration of 0.006 mg/liter. NDC was undetectable both in plasma and in CSF. Our study provides a pharmacokinetic rationale for the clinical efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis.
Separating an object from its cast (1997)

In casting, liquid is poured into a cast that has a cavity with the shape of the object to be manufactured. The liquid then hardens. after which the cast is removed. We consider the case where the cast consists of two parts and address the following problems. (1) Given a cast for an object and a direction (d) over right arrow, can the cast be partitioned into two parts such that the parts can be removed in directions and (d) over right arrow and -(d) over right arrow, respectively. without colliding with the object or the other cast part? (2) How can one find a direction (d) over right arrow such that the above cast partitioning can be done? We give necessary and sufficient conditions for both problems, as well as algorithms to decide them for polyhedral objects. We also give some evidence that the case where the cast parts need not be removed in opposite directions is considerably harder. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
BDA-410 Treatment Reduces Body Weight and Fat Content by Enhancing Lipolysis in Sedentary Senescent Mice (2016)

Loss of muscle mass and force with age leads to fall risk, mobility impairment, and reduced quality of life. This article shows that BDA-410, a calpain inhibitor, induced loss of body weight and fat but not lean mass or skeletal muscle proteins in a cohort of sedentary 23-month-old mice. Food and water intake and locomotor activity were not modified, whereas BDA-410 treatment decreased intramyocellular lipid and perigonadal fat, increased serum nonesterified fatty acids, and upregulated the genes mediating lipolysis and oxidation, lean phenotype, muscle contraction, muscle transcription regulation, and oxidative stress response. This finding is consistent with our recent report that lipid accumulation in skeletal myofibers is significantly correlated with slower fiber-contraction kinetics and diminished power in obese older adult mice. A proteomic analysis and immunoblot showed downregulation of the phosphatase PPP1R12B, which increases phosphorylated myosin half-life and modulates the calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. This study demonstrates that BDA-410 exerts a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle contractility through new, alternative mechanisms, including enhanced lipolysis, upregulation of "lean phenotype-related genes," downregulation of the PP1R12B phosphatase, and enhanced excitation-contraction coupling. This single compound holds promise for treating age-dependent decline in muscle composition and strength.
Malignant Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Experience 1990–1997 (1999)

We reviewed our experience with sinonasal malignancies, which comprise less than 1% of all cancers, in order to determine the spectrum of disease and outcome after treatment. The medical records of 48 patients with sinonasal malignancies treated between 1990-1997 were reviewed for epidemiologic characteristics, tumor location and histology, treatment modalities, and tumor recurrence. Mean age was 58.5 years and 46% were male. Multiple sites of origin were common, including maxillary sinus (83%), ethmoid sinus (35%), and nasal cavity (40%). The histologic spectrum included squamous cell carcinoma (46%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (6%), and miscellaneous others (48%). Treatment included surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (XRT) (58%), surgery alone (27%), XRT and chemotherapy (6%), surgery and chemotherapy (4%), and XRT alone (4%). Mean follow-up was 15 months (range 2-58). Recurrence was evident in nine patients (19%), 3 (33%) of whom had prior treatment before presenting to HUP. Of the six who recurred after initial treatment at HUP, five (83.3%) were treated with surgery and XRT and one (16.7%) was treated with surgery alone. Of the three that recurred after undergoing attempts at salvage (prior treatment and then treatment at HUP), one had received surgery alone followed by surgery and XRT, one had surgery and XRT followed by surgery and one had XRT followed by surgery alone. Our experience reveals surgery and XRT to be the modality of choice, particularly for advanced tumors, whereas surgery alone may be sufficient for small, well localized tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may offer improved local control; the future role of endoscopic surgery warrants further investigation.
PREPARATION OF PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS. PART I. PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SCINTILLATION PLASTICS CONTAINING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FOR GAMMA DETECTION. PART II. COPOLYMERIZATION OF TRIPHENYLTIN STYRENE WITH STYRENE AND VINYL TOLUENE. Progress Report No. 8, March 1, 1962-July 31, 1962 (1963)

Several organometallic compounds were incorporated into scintillation plastics. Fabrications from triphenyllated styrene and dimethyl styrene were the most efficient and produced the best peak resolution. Triphenyl(4ethyl)phenyllead was found to be a very good organometallic solute. In other work, triphenyltin styrene and styrene were studied to obtain characteristics concerning homopolarization. (J.R.D.)
Addition of Aluminum and Gallium Species to Aromatic and Alkyl-Substituted 1,4-Diaza-1,3-butadiene Ligands (2012)

In this report, we investigate the interactions of Me(x)MCl(3-x) (x = 0-3, M = Al, Ga) with various aromatic and alkyl-substituted 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (R)DAB ligands (or α-diimine ligands) to give a variety of structures in solution and in the solid state. In combination with other previously reported structures, certain general trends of reactivity of these species can be deduced, although there are still some unexplained modes of reactivity. The methylated Al species react with aromatic-substituted (R)DAB ligands to provide final products that result from C═N insertion into the Al-CH(3) group followed by rearrangement reactions. The addition of methyl groups onto the backbone of the (R)DAB ligand is insufficient to stop the insertion and rearrangement processes from occurring. In the case of MeAlCl(2) with the bulky (DiPP)DAB ligand, the reaction could be followed spectroscopically from the monoadduct through the inserted/rearranged final product. Methylated Ga species, however, are much less predictable in their behavior with aromatic-substituted (R)DAB ligands. Depending on the exact species and ratios used, coordinated adducts can be formed and identified, or inserted/rearranged products similar to the aluminum reactions can be obtained. Quite interestingly, cation/anion pairs can also be formed in which GaCl(3) or MeGaCl(2) act as a chloride acceptors. This behavior was unique and substantially different from the analogous Al reactions which formed either a dicoordinated adduct or an inserted/rearranged complex. When the stronger-donating alkyl-substituted (R)DAB ligands were used with Me(2)GaCl, only cation/anion pairs were obtained. Surprisingly, when the same reactions were performed using Me(2)AlCl as a reagent, irreproducible results were obtained.
The adrenergic and cholinergic corneal epithelium. (1979)

Theodore Roosevelt suggests Alfred B. Garner write to Senator William Flinn about his difficulties.
TCP/IP traffic over ATM networks with ABR flow and congestion control (2002)

We compare the performance of TCP/IP traffic running on different rate based ABR flow control algorithms such as explicit forward congestion indication (EFCI), explicit rate indication for congestion avoidance (ERICA), and fast max-min rate allocation (FMMRA) by extensive simulations. The FMMRA algorithm is shown to exhibit the favorable features of least buffer requirement, fair bandwidth allocation to TCP connections, fast and accurate allowed cell rate (ACR) adjustment according to the changes of network traffic, and the highest effective TCP throughput.
Unfolding the Role of Stress Response Signaling in Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancers (2015)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ancient stress response that enables a cell to manage the energetic stress that accompanies protein folding. There has been a significant recent increase in our understanding of the UPR, how it integrates physiological processes within cells, and how this integration can affect cancer cells and cell fate decisions. Recent publications have highlighted the role of UPR signaling components on mediating various cell survival pathways, cellular metabolism and bioenergenics, and autophagy. We address the role of UPR on mediating endocrine therapy resistance and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell survival.
Cluster diffusivity: Structure, correlation, and scaling (1990)

We have investigated the diffusion of clusters on a triangular lattice using Monte Carlo simulations. A cluster is defined as a two-dimensional collection of particles which are connected to each other, either directly or indirectly through other particles in the cluster, by nearest-neighbor bonds. Each particle is allowed to hop, with probability αδb/2/(α−δb/2+αδb/2), to a vacant nearest-neighbor site with the constraint that the hop does not break the cluster. The change in the number of bonds is given by δb. The equilibrium clusters are correlated animals with structure controlled by the parameter α. We show that the diffusion coefficient of a cluster can be decomposed into two factors. One is a measure of the weighted length of the ‘‘active’’ perimeter and the other is a measure of the correlation between pairs of steps taken by the cluster during its walk. The perimeter measure is asymptotically proportional to cluster size N, as anticipated for ramified animals, but it crosses over to N1/2 dependence for smaller compact clusters with α&gt;1. Our focus is on the accurate determination of the size and structure dependence of the correlation factor, which is more sensitive to statistical fluctuations. As a result, we describe the scaling of the cluster diffusion coefficient with cluster size.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Trienomycins A (XIIa) and F (XIIb). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of Age, Anatomic Site and Race on Skin Roughness and Scaliness (1998)

<b>Background:</b> Variations in skin roughness and scaliness between age groups, anatomic sites and race have been assumed but minimally quantified. <b>Objective:</b> We quantitatively investigated skin roughness, scaliness and stratum corneum hydration as a function of age, anatomic site and race (white and black). <b>Methods:</b> Skin roughness, scaliness and stratum corneum hydration were determined in vivo by noninvasive bioengineering and image analysis techniques in 22 female subjects grouped according to age (young and aged) and race (white and black). <b>Results:</b> Skin roughness, scaliness and stratum corneum hydration varied significantly in different anatomic areas and age groups. There was no racial variation in skin hydration between any anatomic site, nor significant differences in roughness and scaliness between races, except for the preauricular area. Skin roughness was significantly increased in the aged, compared to the young at the preauricle, volar forearm, lower back, thigh and lower leg. Older women demonstrated significantly more scaling at the preauricle than younger women. Stratum corneum hydration correlated with scaliness. No significant correlation between stratum corneum hydration and skin roughness was observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Age and anatomic site but not race demonstrated a significant influence on skin roughness and scaliness. The desquamation index appears a good indicator of the status of stratum corneum hydration.
Fabrication of 0.2 µm Hole Patterns in KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1997)

This paper describes the fabrication of 0.2 µ m hole resist patterns in KrF excimer laser lithography. By using a SiN x single-layer halftone phase-shifting mask (PSM) and an in-house chemically amplified positive resist, 0.2 µ m hole resist patterns can be obtained with sufficient depth of focus (DOF). Furthermore, a 0.15 µ m hole resist pattern can also be fabricated by using the PSM.
SRF and TEF-1 control of chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene during slow-muscle hypertrophy (1996)

The purpose of this study was to delineate the alpha-actin regulatory elements and transcription factors that are responsible for conferring stretch-overload responsiveness during hypertrophy of the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle of young chickens by weighting one wing. Minimal promoter constructs were evaluated by direct injection into the ALD, which demonstrated that both serum response element 1 (SRE1) and the transcriptional enhancer factor 1 (TEF-1) elements were sufficient for increased expression during stretch overload. A mutated SRE1 prevented expression in both basal and stretched ALD muscles, whereas a mutated TEF-1 element reduced actin promoter function in both control and stretched muscles. The serum response factor (SRF)-SRE1 binding complex demonstrated faster migration in mobility shift assays from day 3-and day 6-stretched ALD nuclear extracts relative to their control. TEF-1 binding was qualitatively increased in stretched extracts at day 3 but not day 6 of stretch overload. Skeletal alpha-actin mRNA accumulated from day 3 to day 6 of stretch overload. These data demonstrate that SRE1 is necessary and sufficient for stretch-overload responsiveness from the skeletal alpha-actin promoter and that the SRF-SRE1 binding complex migrates faster in stretched nuclear extracts of hypertrophied relative to control extracts from intact ALD muscles of chickens.