gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detailed Investigation of Heat Flux Measurements Made in a Standard Propane-Air Fire-Certification Burner Compared to Levels Derived From a Low-Temperature Analog Burner (2005)

This paper presents detailed heat flux measurements on a flat plate subjected to the ISO2685 [The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1992, “Aircraft—Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment—Resistance to Fire in Designated Fire Zones,” ISO2685:1992(E)] standard, propane fueled burner used throughout the industry in aero-engine fire-certification. The authors have developed a custom-built heat transfer gauge to measure the heat flux from the burner under isothermal wall conditions. The heat flux from the standard burner is normally calibrated using either a water-cooled copper tube or a Gardon gauge, each sited at a single position in the flame. There are no reports in the literature of a detailed survey of heat flux distribution for the burner and the results are of considerable interest to engineers involved in fire-certification. The reported measurements constitute the first, detailed distribution of heat flux from the actual burner flame during a fire test. These measurements provided benchmark data which allowed the heat flux distribution from the ISO burner to be compared to levels derived from the low-temperature analog burner developed by the authors. The analog burner uses liquid crystals to measure heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic wall temperature on scale models of engine components and provides key data to facilitate the successful design of components used in fire zones. The objective of this paper is to further validate the low-temperature analog burner technique developed by the authors which simulates the standard large propane-air burner for fire-certification in aero engine.
Cigarette smoke-induced autophagy impairment accelerates lung aging, COPD-emphysema exacerbations and pathogenesis (2016)

Cigarette-smoke (CS) exposure and aging are the leading causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema development, although the molecular mechanism that mediates disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of CS exposure and aging on autophagy and the pathophysiological changes associated with lung aging (senescence) and emphysema progression. Beas2b cells, C57BL/6 mice, and human (GOLD 0-IV) lung tissues were used to determine the central mechanism involved in CS/age-related COPD-emphysema pathogenesis. Beas2b cells and murine lungs exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE)/CS showed a significant ( P < 0.05) accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and impaired autophagy marker, p62, in aggresome bodies. Moreover, treatment with the autophagy-inducing antioxidant drug cysteamine significantly ( P < 0.001) decreased CSE/CS-induced aggresome bodies. We also found a significant ( P < 0.001) increase in levels of aggresome bodies in the lungs of smokers and COPD subjects in comparison to nonsmoker controls. Furthermore, the presence and levels of aggresome bodies statistically correlated with severity of emphysema and alveolar senescence. In addition to CS exposure, lungs from old mice also showed accumulation of aggresome bodies, suggesting this as a common mechanism to initiate cellular senescence and emphysema. Additionally, Beas2b cells and murine lungs exposed to CSE/CS showed cellular apoptosis and senescence, which were both controlled by cysteamine treatment. In parallel, we evaluated the impact of CS on pulmonary exacerbation, using mice exposed to CS and/or infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa), and confirmed cysteamine's potential as an autophagy-inducing antibacterial drug, based on its ability to control CS-induced pulmonary exacerbation ( Pa-bacterial counts) and resulting inflammation. CS induced autophagy impairment accelerates lung aging and COPD-emphysema exacerbations and pathogenesis.
Epidemiologic Study of Melanin Pigmentation in the Attached Gingiva in Relation to Cigarette Smoking. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of melanin pigmentation in attached gingiva and cigrarette smoking. Oral examinations and a questionnaire concerning smoking habits were administered to 317 male employees of two companies. Among them, 48% of subjects were current smokers, 11% were former smokers, and 41% had never smoked. Melanin pigmentation was assessed in the labial aspects of attached gingiva in the frontal region, and was found in 57% of the subjects. The presence of the pigmentation was 82% among current smokers, 51% among former smokers, and 29% among those who had never smoked. The odds ratio of the pigmentation between current smokers and those who had never smoked was 11.6 (P<0.001). This trend was similar in both companies. The melanin index, which is an indicator of the degree of pigmentation in the labial aspect of the frontal region, was positively correlated to daily number of cigarettes smoked, and the number of years of smoking, and lifetime exposure to smoking (P<0.001). The index was also correlated closely to the number of sextants having gingival melanin pigmentation (r=0.922. N=163). These result indicate that gingival melanin pigmentation is strongly associated with cigarette smoking habits.
Ultrasensitive gene fusion detection reveals fusion variant associated tumor heterogeneity (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> Gene fusions are common drivers and therapeutic targets in cancers, but clinical-grade bioinformatics callers are lacking. Here we introduce a novel method SplitFusion, which is fast by leveraging BWA-MEM split alignments, can detect cryptic splice site fusions, and can infer frame-ness and exon-boundary alignments for functional prediction and minimizing false-positives. SplitFusion demonstrates superior sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and consumes minimal computing resources. In our study of 1,076 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer samples, SplitFusion detected not only common fusions (EML4 4.7%, ROS1 2.0% and RET 1.1%) with various partners, but also rare (KLC1-ALK, CD74-NRG1, and TPR-NTRK1) and novel (FGFR3-JAKMP1, CLIP2-BRAF, and ITPR2-ETV6) fusions. In 35 glioblastoma samples, SplitFusion-Target detected six (17%) EGFR vIII (exons 2-7 deletion) cases. Furthermore, we find that the EML4-ALK variant 3 is significantly associated with occurrence of multiple breakpoint-defined subclones, namely high intratumor heterogeneity. In conclusion, SplitFusion is well-suited for clinical use and for studying fusion-defined tumor heterogeneity.
Negative resistance devices: Part II (1984)

Abstract As a sequel to Reference 1, this paper presents new analytical and topological guidelines for synthesizing negative‐ resistance devices. Among other things, these guidelines can be used to tune the devices by varying the magnitude and dynamic range of the negative (small‐signal) resistance. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a circuit containing only one bipolar transistor and linear reciprocal passive two‐ports (e.g. ideal transformers) to exhibit a negative resistance. In the special case where the circuit contains only one ideal transformer, one transistor and linear positive 2‐terminal resistors, an equivalent topological criterion which can be checked by inspection is given. Finally, three canonical negative‐resistance one‐ports containing two identical bipolar transistors, linear positive 2‐terminal resistors and batteries are synthesized to exhibit an odd‐symmetric (hence active) voltage‐controlled or current‐controlled v‐i curve.
Explosion bonding of dissimilar materials for fabricating APS front end components: Analysis of metallurgical and mechanical properties and UHV applications (1994)

The front end beamline section contains photon shutters and fixed masks. These components are made of OFHC copper and GlidCOP AL-15. Stainless steels (304 or 316) are also used for connecting photon shutters and fixed masks to other components that operate in the ultrahigh vacuum system. All these dissimilar materials need to be joined together. However, bonding these dissimilar materials is very difficult because of their different mechanical and thermal properties and incompatible metallurgical properties. Explosion bonding is a bonding method in which the controlled energy of a detonating explosive is used to create a metallurgical bond between two or more similar or dissimilar materials. No intermediate filler metal, for example, a brazing compound or soldering alloy, is needed to promote bonding, and no external heat need be applied. A study of the metallurgical and mechanical properties and YGV applications of GlidCop AL-15, OFHC copper, and 304 stainless steel explosion-bonded joints has been done. This report contains five parts: an ultrasonic examination of explosion-bonded joints and a standard setup; mechanical-property and thermal-cycle tests of GlidCop AL-15/304 stainless steel explosion-bonded joints; leak tests of a GlidCop AL-15/304 stainless steel explosion-bonded interfaces for UHV application; metallurgical examination of explosion-bonded interfaces and failure analysis, and discussion and conclusion.
Marketing IBM wireless leadership: technology, inhibitors, strategy and solutions Dr Ronald Sperano Choosing the right WLAN technology: IEEE 802.11b, (2012)

In the minds of all great marketers lies the ability to see beyond the bare bones of a product and to capture its innate benefits in a way that will attract and ultimately reel in its target market. Even greater is the ability to bend and stretch our individual marketing philosophies across the boundaries of our existing target market to the possible avenues that lie beyond. Wireless is the ultimate mar- keting assault course, putting all of our skills and experience to the test. Through the pages you have read, you will have come to under- stand the many ways in which the market twists and turns to bring the next best thing straight to the home of the consumer; you will have experienced the trials and errors of those most highly respected within the industry and you will have ultimately formed a stronger understanding of the wireless technology that underlies the development of the products themselves.
Photoelectrochemical cells by design: 3D nanoporous CdO–CdSe architectures on ITO (2013)

We report on the synthesis of CdO–CdSe nanoporous architectures from porous CdO architectures by a controlled solution anion exchange method. Monolithic CdCO3 micron sized crystals synthesized in the first step were decomposed by calcination to evolve CO2 to form porous CdO crystals, having a similar outer shape but with a tailored internal nanostructure. Controlled Se2− ion exchange with CdO crystals yielded CdO–CdSe architectures with tunable composition and optoelectronic properties. Pearson's acid–base concept is used as a guiding principle for controlling the morphology and composition of the formed architectures. The photoelectrochemical properties of the system comprising CdO–CdSe architectures were investigated at various stages of ion exchange intervals. CdO–CdSe architectures on indium tin oxide (ITO) is a promising photoelectrode with excellent photovoltaic properties exhibiting a short-circuit current density of 7.36 mA cm−2 under 1 Sun illumination.
Calcium Signalling by the High Affinity Macrophage Fcγ Receptor Requires the Cytosolic Domain (1992)

Hematopoietic cells express multiple receptors which bind the Fc domain of IgG. We utilized transfection of COS-1 cells, a cell line which lacks endogenous Fc receptors, to study the expression and function of FcγRI, the high affinity Fcγ receptor in the absence of other Fcγ receptors. FcγRI was efficiently expressed in transiently transfected COS-1 cells as measured by flow cytometry and the binding of IgG sensitized RBCs (EA). In addition, analysis at the single cell level demonstrated that individually transfected COS-1 cells release cytosolic free Ca2+ [(Ca2+)i] upon activation with anti-FcγRI antibody. The calcium response required FcγRI cross-linking. COS-1 cells transfected with mutant FcγRI lacking the cytosolic domain expressed Fcγ receptors and bound EA as well as wild type receptors, but failed to induce an increase in [Ca2+]i. These data indicate that FcγRI in the absence of other Fcγ receptors mediates a calcium signal and that the cytoplasmic domain of FcγRI contains the elements required for calcium dependent signal transduction.
Measurement, data analysis and prediction of pyrotechnic shock from pin-pullers and separation joints (1987)

To evaluate the potential for spacecraft damage caused by activation of pyrotechnic mechanisms, pyrotechnic shock tests were conducted on three configurations: pin-pullers on an orthogonal double Hopkinson bar arrangement, pin-pullers on a mock-up of the HALOE (Halogen Occultation Experiment) structure, and a section of separation joint on a single Hopkinson bar. Strains and accelerations were measured. The strains were converted to output stresses, forces and moments. Acceleration shock response spectra are presented for both acceleration- and force-time signals. The devices were attached to the Hopkinson bars with adaptors, which are typical of attachments used in practice. In order to predict the effect of the adaptors, finite element models of the adaptor-bar combinations were analyzed and results are presented with regard to grid size, time interval, and frequency range required to predict the response to pulses of 10 and 100 microsecond duration.
Numerical evaluation on performances of AHU equipped with a cross flow heat exchanger in wet and dry operation (2012)

In this paper the comparison between the performance of a cross flow heat exchanger in wet and dry operation for air handling process has been investigated. In addition, a case study of application of the component to perform indirect evaporative cooling in a AHU was studied with the software TRNSYS.Using experimental data and an appropriate analytical method, energy saving performances of the system has been evaluated through the entire cooling season for a typical Mediterranean site. Results show that high energy saving potential can be obtained if the component is operated in wet operation in term of reduction of electricity consumption.
Isolation of a Sulfur-oxidizing Bacterium That can Grow under Alkaline pH, from Corroded Concrete (1998)

To study the early stages of concrete corrosion by bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium strain RO-1, which grows in an alkaline thiosulfate medium (pH 10.0) was isolated from corroded concreate and characterized. Strain RO-1 was a Gram negative, rod-shaped bacterium (0.5-0.6×0.9-1.5 μm). The mean G+C content of the DNA of strain RO-1 was 65.0 mol%. Optimum pH and temperature for growth were 8.0. and 30-37°C, respectively. When grown in thiosulfate medium with pH 10.0, growth rate of the strain was 48% of that observed at the optimum pH for growth. Strain RO-1 used sulfide, thiosulfate, and glucose, but not elemental sulfur or tetrathionate, as a sole energy source. Strain RO-1 grew under anaerobic conditions in pepton-NO3 (-) medium containing sodium nitrate as an electron acceptor, and had enzyme activities that oxidized sulfide, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfite, and glucose, but not tetrathionate. The bacterium had an activity to assimilate (14)CO2 into the cells when thiosulfate was used as an energy source. These results suggest that strain RO-1 is Thiobacillus versutus. Strain RO-1 exuded Ca(2+) from concrete blocks added to thiosulfate medium with pH 9.0 and the pH of the medium decreased from 9.0 to 5.5 after 22 days of cultivation. In contrast, Thiobacillus thiooxidans strain NB1-3 could not exude Ca(2+) in the same thiosulfate medium, suggesting that strain RO-1, but not T. thiooxidans NB1-3, is involved in the early stage of concrete corrosion because concrete structures just after construction contain calcium hydroxide and have a pH of 12-13.
Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent in the world's mountains (2016)

Estimating the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent ( SWE ) in mountainous terrain is currently the most important unsolved problem in snow hydrology. Several methods can estimate the amount of snow throughout a mountain range: (1) Spatial interpolation from surface sensors constrained by remotely sensed snow extent provides a consistent answer, with uncertainty related to extrapolation to unrepresented locations. (2) The remotely sensed date of disappearance of snow is combined with a melt calculation to reconstruct the SWE back to the last significant snowfall. (3) Passive microwave sensors offer real‐time global SWE estimates but suffer from several problems like subpixel variability in the mountains. (4) A numerical model combined with assimilated surface observations produces SWE at 1‐km resolution at continental scales, but depends heavily on a surface network. (5) New methods continue to be explored, for example, airborne LiDAR altimetry provides direct measurements of snow depth, which are combined with modelled snow density to estimate SWE . While the problem is aggressively addressed, the right answer remains elusive. Good characterization of the snow is necessary to make informed choices about water resources and adaptation to climate change and variability. WIREs Water 2016, 3:461–474. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1140 This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Methods
BCR–ABL Transcript Dynamics Support the Hypothesis That Leukemic Stem Cells Are Reduced during Imatinib Treatment (2011)

We show that the only hypothesis consistent with current data on progenitor cell turnover and with the long-term, gradual decrease in the BCR-ABL levels seen in most patients is that these patients exhibit a continual, gradual reduction of the LSCs. This observation may explain the ability to discontinue imatinib therapy without relapse in some cases.
A Hypothesize and Test Technique for Corner Detection (1991)

In this paper a new technique is proposed for detection of corners in images of polygonal objects. The corner detector works on the principle of ‘hypothesize and test’. Initial hypotheses about the likely corners we formed on the basis of the lines detected in the edge image using simple Hough transform for line detection. Depending on the domain knowledge the hypotheses set is filtered. The remaining corners are verified using template matching. Templates are generated dynamically according to the type of the corners. The detector can accurately localise the corners and correctly measure the included angles as well as orientations of the corners. The detector can also be easily parallelised. Capabilities of the detector are illusterted through its performance on same example scenes.
Determination of the rolling direction of electrolytic zinc-coated steel plate by Barkhausen emission (1996)

An electrolytic zinc-coated steel plate is inspected by the Barkhausen emission (BE) measurement. In the fabrication of steel plates, the rolling process is always employed. Such a rolling process would greatly alter the microstructure as well as the grain orientation of the steel plate; it turns out that the defect density will have various distribution inside the steel and the grains will be elongated in the rolling direction. Due to the fact that BE measurement is sensitive to the microstructure of steel, we have obtained different BE profiles when the magnetizing field is applied in different directions, during the BE measurements. When the magnetizing field is perpendicular to the rolling direction, a two peak BE profile is obtained; between the large initial peak and the small final peak there exists a central dip. This indicates that the magnetization process involves the domain nucleation, wall motion and annihilation. On the other hand, when the magnetizing field is applied along the rolling direction, the BE profile contains only one peak, which implies the magnetization process is largely due to domain wall motion.
Synchronization of Acoustic Sensors for Distributed Ad-Hoc Audio Networks and its Use for Blind Source Separation (2005)

Advanced computing devices equipped with various wired and wireless network capabilities, built-in microphones and audio capture devices are becoming increasingly popular. At the same time, sophisticated signal processing algorithms for hands-free acoustic human-machine interfaces are being developed. Those algorithms are currently restricted to dedicated audio hardware, in part because they require perfectly synchronized audio data. Naive attempts to use the available audio devices for microphone array processing in a distributed wireless setting fails due to the algorithms' sensitivity to deviations in the sampling rates of the distributed devices. We propose a synchronization scheme, which combines the microphones of different spatially distributed computing devices to an acoustic ad-hoc network. The proposed scheme is capable to significantly compensate the sampling rate deviations of the different audio capture devices and we show that, as an example, blind source separation performs well with the synchronized data of distributed acoustic sensors.
Synthese d'amines allyliques : oxydation de sulfones (1986)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been used for over two decades as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Although PSA screening remains an important part of disease screening and monitoring in early prostate cancer (PC), its utility in monitoring disease progression in advanced PC is undetermined. Furthermore, the role of PSA monitoring in the management of patients with PC and bone metastases appears limited. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as potential novel biomarkers in advanced PC. We present a review of CTC testing and the clinical data supporting the prognostic potential of CTCs in this setting. We propose that combination of CTCs and PSA velocity or doubling-time assessments may offer insights into the prognosis and management of advanced PC.
A stable, wideband tunable, near transform-limited, graphene-mode-locked, ultrafast laser (2010)

We report an ultrafast laser mode-locked with a graphene saturable absorber. The linear dispersions of the Dirac electrons in graphene enable wideband tunability. We get ∼1 ps pulses, tunable between 1525 and 1559 nm, with stable mode-locking, insensitive to environmental perturbations.
Supramaximal Stimuli Do Not Evoke a Maximal Contraction in Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Fibers (2001)

Carbachol, high potassium or electrical field stimulation work through different stimulation pathways. Maximum stimulation with one of the stimuli does not result in a maximum isometric force development and maximum shortening velocity.
Reconciling Landmarks and Level Sets (2006)

Shape warping is a key problem in statistical shape analysis. This paper proposes a framework for geometric shape warping based on both shape distances and landmarks. Our method is compatible with implicit representations and a matching between shape surfaces is provided at no additional cost. It is, to our knowledge, the first time that landmarks and shape distances are reconciled in a pure geometric level set framework. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated with two- and three-dimensional examples. Combining shape distance and landmarks, our approach reveals to need only a small number of landmarks to obtain improvements on both warping and matching