gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelified Biofluids for High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning <sup>1</sup>H NMR Analysis: The Case of Urine (2017)

In this letter, we propose an alternative, effective protocol for metabolomic characterization of biofluids based on their gelification and subsequent application of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The sample handling is very rapid and reproducible, and much less than 40 μL of neat urine are needed to obtain a sample. Our results indicate that the HRMAS spectra of gelified urine encompass all metabolites in the NMR fingerprint, as observed by solution NMR. The proposed approach can be efficiently integrated into the NMR based metabolomics analyses routines: multivariate statistical analysis of both solution and HRMAS data produced very similar statistical models, with high classification accuracy. One of the key advantages offered by the gelification approach is the improved short-term (up to 24 h) preservation of nonfrozen HRMAS NMR gel urine samples compared to the solution samples, which could lead to an alternative way for transportation or domestic collection of biofluids, without the need of cold-storage and reducing the risks of leakage.
Photolytic decomposition of adsorbed tellurium and cadmium alkyl species at 295 K upon 193 nm photon irradiation (1988)

The photolytic decomposition of adspecies formed by the adsorption of tellurium and cadmium alkyls at 295 K under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions has been studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dimethyl tellurium adsorbed at submonolayer coverages on a polycrystalline gold substrate has been observed to undergo nearly quantitative photolytic decomposition at 193 nm to form metallic tellurium. The hydrocarbon photofragments produced in the decomposition lead to negligible carbon contamination on the gold surface. Dimethyl cadmium adsorbed on amorphous SiO2 both desorbs and decomposes to form the metal adspecies. In this case, most of the carbon remains as hydrocarbon and carbidic contaminants. Monomethyl adspecies of both metals formed on Si(100) and GaAs(100) surfaces are inactive with respect to decomposition at the low fluences (0.25 mJ cm−2) used in these experiments; however, substantial desorption is observed.
An Improved Dipole-Moment Model Based on Near-Field Scanning for Characterizing Near-Field Coupling and Far-Field Radiation From an IC (2012)

In this paper, an improved dipole-moment model for characterizing near-field coupling and far-field radiation from an IC based on near-field scanning is proposed. An array of electric and magnetic dipole moments is used to reproduce the field distributions in a scanning plane above an IC. These dipole moments can then be used as noise sources for the IC. In order to ensure the accurate prediction of the near-field coupling from the IC, the regularization technique and the truncated singular-value decomposition method are investigated in this paper, together with the conventional least-squares method, to reconstruct the dipole moments from the near-field scanning data. A simple example is used to demonstrate the approach. The improved dipole-moment model is particularly useful for addressing radio-frequency interference issues where near-field noise coupling needs to be accurately analyzed.
Experiments for Modern Introductory Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces and Raoult's Law (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperiments for Modern Introductory Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces and Raoult's LawLadislav H. Berka and Nicholas Kildahl Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 7, 613Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1994Published inissue 1 July 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ed071p613RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views661Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Abstract C83: Nicotine triggers initiation and progression of K-Ras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2013)

Abstract Smoking has been identified as a leading risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nicotine is an important active ingredient of tobacco smoke and replacement products, but does not bear carcinogenic properties. While nicotine has been shown to induce proliferation, invasion and metastasis of fully transformed pancreatic cancer cells, its role in pancreatic cancer development and/or progression has not been determined yet. First, our in vivo studies showed a marked acceleration of carcinogenesis in two distinct genetically engineered mouse models for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, nicotine promoted tumor progression as evidence by enhancing the cancer stem cell signature and invasiveness via epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition. This translated into increased numbers of circulating cancer cells and metastatic lesions. Using two independent model systems, i.e. pharmacological nAChR inhibition and knockout of the alpha7-nAChR, we demonstrate that nicotine activates the pancreatic progenitor compartment resulting in their subsequent expansion and enhanced susceptibility for K-Ras induced pancreatic carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that nicotine-medicated Ca2+ influx induced mitochondrial ROS production and activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Intriguingly, co-treatment with metformin prevented the accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression independent of AMPK. In conclusion, our findings reveal for the first time that nicotine promotes activation of the pancreatic (cancer) stem cell compartment and subsequently drives K-Ras-initiated pancreatic cancer development and progression. Citation Format: Patrick C. Hermann, Bruno Sainz, Jr., Patricia Sancho, Christopher Heeschen. Nicotine triggers initiation and progression of K-Ras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C83.
Role of IAA-Oxidase in Abscission Control in Cotton (1966)

The potential role of indoleactic acid (IAA)-oxidase as an in vivo abscission regulating system in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotyledonary explant was investigated. Phenols (usually monophenols), which are cofactors of cotton IAA-oxidase in vitro, accelerated abscission. Phenols (usually orthodihydroxyphenols), which inhibit cotton IAA-oxidase in vitro, inhibited abscission. Inhibition or stimulation of abscission was accomplished by phenols both with and without IAA. Results were similar when treatments were applied as lanolin pastes to the cut petiole ends or as solutions in which explants were submerged. An abscission accelerating phenol stimulated the decarboxylation of IAA-1-(14)C by explants and an abscission inhibiting phenol inhibited the decarboxylation of IAA-1-(14)C.The mechanism of abscission regulation by the phenolic compounds was concluded to involve auxin destruction via IAA-oxidase.In addition to the direct relationship of this study to abscission, the results support the more general hypothesis that IAA-oxidase acts in vivo to regulate auxin levels.
The NIa‐Proteinase of Different Plant Potyviruses Provides Specific Resistance to Viral Infection (1998)

The genome‐linked protein‐proteinase (NIa) genes of three potyviruses (tobacco vein mottling virus[TVMV], tobacco etch virus[TEV], and potato virus Y [PVY]) were introduced into tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Burley 21 and transgenic plant lines were evaluated for viral symptoms and virus accumulation. Plant lines that expressed the TVMV NIa gene were resistant to infection by TVMV; inoculated plants did not develop disease symptoms after inoculation, and virus did not accumulate. Most lines that carried the TEV NIa and PVY NIa genes did develop symptoms after inoculation with TEV and PVY, respectively, but these symptoms abated with time (a response termed as recovery). Three genes, each consisting of two NIa coding regions (TEV NIa‐PVY NIa, TEV NIa‐TVMV NIa, and TVMV NIa‐PVY NIa) were also introduced into Burley 21. Transgenic lines that carried either TEV NIa‐PVY NIa or TEV NIa‐TVMV NIa constructs either did not develop disease symptoms or exhibited the process of recovery after inoculation with TEV. TEV NIa‐TVMV NIa and TVMV NIa‐PVY NIa lines recovered from an initial infection after inoculation with TVMVL. Likewise, TEV NIa‐PVY NIa and TVMV NIa‐PVY NIa transformed lines recovered from an initial infection after inoculation with PVY. These results demonstrate that different potyvirus NIa‐proteinase genes can be used for protection against virus infection and that multiple NIa genes may be used to produce plants that are protected against more than one potyvirus.
Lattice displacements above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>in the layered manganite<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

Neutron-diffraction data presented in this paper demonstrate the relevance of lattice displacement above ${T}_{C},$ in our understanding of the evolution of the crystal structure with temperature in the layered colossal magnetoresistance manganite ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}.$ The anomalous temperature behavior of thermal diffuse scattering in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ strongly suggests that it arises from lattice displacements and correlates directly with anomalies in the displacement parameters of the O and Mn atoms and the Mn-O bond lengths. From our measurements, the insulator-metal transition can be described as a transition from a high-temperature state with disordered Mn-O bond lengths to a low-temperature state with a more uniform distribution on Mn-O bonds. These observations are in agreement with polaronic charge transport above ${T}_{C}$ in the perovskite manganites; as electron hopping is responsible for bond disorder above ${T}_{C},$ below the transition where ${e}_{g}$ carriers are delocalized, any lattice displacements are uniformly averaged.
<i>In Vivo</i> and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Evaluations of Bacteriophages e11/2 and e4/1c for Use in the Control of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (2010)

This study investigated the effect of bacteriophages (phages) e11/2 and e4/1c against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in an ex vivo rumen model and in cattle in vivo. In the ex vivo rumen model, samples were inoculated with either 10³ or 10⁶ CFU/ml inoculum of E. coli O157:H7 and challenged separately with each bacteriophage. In the presence of phage e11/2, the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to below the limit of detection within 1 h. Phage e4/1c significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7 numbers within 2 h of incubation, but the number of surviving E. coli O157:H7 bacteria then remained unchanged over a further 22-h incubation period. The ability of a phage cocktail of e11/2 and e4/1c to reduce the fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally inoculated cattle was then investigated in two cattle trials. Cattle (yearlings, n = 20 for trial one; adult fistulated cattle, n = 2 for trial two) were orally inoculated with 10(10) CFU of E. coli O157:H7. Animals (n = 10 for trial one; n = 1 for trial two) were dosed daily with a bacteriophage cocktail of 10(11) PFU for 3 days postinoculation. E. coli O157:H7 and phage numbers in fecal and/or rumen samples were determined over 7 days postinoculation. E. coli O157:H7 numbers rapidly declined in all animals within 24 to 48 h; however, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria shed by the phage-treated or control animals. Phages were recovered from the rumen but not from the feces of the adult fistulated animal in trial two but were recovered from the feces of the yearling animals in trial one. While the results from the rumen model suggest that phages are effective in the rumen, further research is required to improve the antimicrobial effectiveness of phages for the elimination of E. coli O157:H7 in vivo.
Photoelectric properties of the optically sensitized ferroelectric/copolymers VDF-TrFE (1991)

Abstract Photoelectric properties of the optically sensitized ferroelectric/copolymers P(VDF-TrFE) are investigated. The films were optically sensitized by rhodamine. The photoconductivity and the bulk photovoltaic effects are revealed in the rhodamine optical absorption bands. These extrinsic photoelectric properties are caused by the transition of the nonequilibrium electrons from the dye molecules to the ferroelectric copolymer. The ferroelectric phase transition in the copolymer is accompanied by the drastic anomalies in the temperature dependence of the photoconductivity.
Derecho Publico International. 2nd ed. 2 vols. By Cesar Diaz Cisneros. Buenos Aires: Tipografica Editora Argentina, 1966. Vol. I: pp. ix, 743; Vol. II: pp. vi, 748. Appendices. Indexes. (1971)

Derecho Publico International. 2nd ed. 2 vols. By Cesar Diaz Cisneros. Buenos Aires: Tipografica Editora Argentina, 1966. Vol. I: pp. ix, 743; Vol. II: pp. vi, 748. Appendices. Indexes. - Volume 65 Issue 5
Carbon-13 NMR study of poly(menthyl vinyl ether) obtained by different catalytic systems (1983)

Optically active poly(menthy1 vinyl ethers) prepared under different polymerization conditions have been studied by 13C NMR. Resonance assignments, relaxation times TI, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement factors (NOEF) were obtained at 21.14 and 46.15 kG. Analysis of these parameters gives information about main-chain configuration, in terms of dyad tacticity, and about side-chain mobility. The results are attributed to strong steric interactions between the bulky menthyl group and the growing chain during the polymerization process.
FPGA based soft sensor for the estimation of the kerosene freezing point (2009)

A new strategy to realize an FPGA implementation of a soft sensor for an industrial process is proposed. In order to cope with the problem of small data sets in the identification of a non linear model the proposed approach is based on the integration of bootstrap re-sampling, noise injection and stacked neural networks (NNs), using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The aggregated final NN-PCA system has been implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed method has been applied to develop a soft sensor for the estimation of the freezing point of kerosene in an atmospheric distillation unit (topping) working in a refinery in Sicily, Italy.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Interfacial Water Diffusion on Lipid Vesicle Surfaces at Molecular Length Scales (2009)

Measurements of the interfacial diffusion coefficient of the surface hydration layer of lipid vesicles in dilute solutions are presented. This was made possible by the greatly enhanced sensitivity and unique contrast provided by the site-specific and selective Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization of solvent molecules that approach nitroxide radical-based spin labels within <5-10 A. All experiments were carried out using minute microliter sample volumes of lipid vesicle solutions, using low spin label concentrations (<2 mol %) and under physiological conditions. This presents unprecedented sensitivity for analyzing interfacial solvent diffusion of macromolecules and their assemblies in solutions and highlights the feasibility of investigating precious samples. Interfacial diffusion on DOTAP (1,2-DiOleoyl-3-TrimethylAmmonium-Propane) and DPPC (1,2-DiPalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PhosphoCholine) surfaces are further analyzed as a function of temperature to determine the activation energy of their hydration layer dynamics. The temperature-dependent analysis across the phase transition of DPPC concludes that the hydration water with 100-200 ps dynamics displays Arrhenius behavior and does not undergo a phase transition unlike the lipid chains. We also discuss the advantages of determining the activation energy of diffusion as a general approach to comparing interfacial diffusivity on surfaces that have vastly different charge topologies and, thus, may display different distances of closest approach between the spin label placed at the surface and the protons of hydration water. The further development and application of this technique is expected to facilitate the study of membrane dynamics and their phase behavior, including the formation of lipid rafts, with lipid-specific resolution.
Harvesting to Optimize Fiber Quality (2010)

Production conditions typical to the Texas High Plains region can produce cotton crops with high short fiber and nep content, both of which have a detrimental impact on ring spinning performance. Since Texas now produces over 50% of the US cotton crop annually, it is critical that production and processing research focuses on finding ways to maximize fiber quality in order to improve the competitiveness of US cotton on the world market. The objectives of this work are to:
Novel heterocycles. 7. Reaction of 2‐chloronicotinonitrile with thioureas. Synthesis of the pyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimido‐[2,1‐<i>b</i>][1,3]thiazine ring system (1981)

Abstract N,N '‐Dimethylthiourea and 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2‐pyrimidinethiol were allowed to react with 2‐chloro‐nicotinonitrile ( 1 ) and their products investigated by standard methods and by carbon‐13 nmr. In both instances, displacement of the chlorine occurred by nitrogen not the sulfur of the thioureas. Secondary cyclizations occurred by attack of nitrogen on the nitrile to furnish 3a , and by sulfur on the nitrile to give 4b , a new ring system. Tricyclic 4b was hydrolyzed in dilute acid to give 5 , or alkylated with methyl iodide in the presence of sodium hydride to give the ring opened product 6 .
Role of STAT4 and STAT6 Signaling in Allograft Rejection and CTLA4-Ig-Mediated Tolerance (2000)

STAT4(-/-) mice have impaired type 1 T cell differentiation, whereas STAT6(-/-) mice fail to generate type 2 responses. The role of type 1 and type 2 T cell differentiation in acute cardiac allograft rejection and in the induction of tolerance was examined in wild-type, STAT4(-/-), and STAT6(-/-) recipients. All recipients rejected the grafts promptly. Analysis of in situ cytokine gene expression in the allografts confirmed decreased levels of IFN-gamma in STAT4(-/-) recipients and undetectable levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in STAT6(-/-) mice. Blockade of the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway prolonged cardiac graft survival for >100 days in 100% of wild-type and STAT4(-/-) mice. However, 14% of CTLA4-Ig-treated STAT6(-/-) mice rejected their grafts between 20 and 100 days. Moreover, of those animals followed past 100 days, 60% of the STAT6(-/-) mice rejected their grafts. Splenocytes harvested on day 145 posttransplant from CTLA4-Ig-treated rejecting STAT6(-/-) recipients were transfused into syngeneic SCID mice transplanted with donor or third party cardiac allografts. Both donor and third party grafts were rejected, indicating that the initial graft loss may be due to an immunological rejection. In contrast, when splenocytes from CTLA4-Ig-treated wild-type or nonrejecting STAT6(-/-) mice were transferred into SCID recipients, donor allografts were accepted, but third party hearts were rejected. Thus, long-term prolongation of cardiac allograft survival by CTLA4-Ig is STAT4-independent but, at least in part, STAT6-dependent. These data suggest that the balance of type 1 and type 2 T lymphocyte differentiation is not critical for acute rejection but influences the robust tolerance induced by CD28/B7 blockade in this model.
Water-induced Acceleration of Transport Properties in Hydrophobic 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid (2005)

Abstract The electric conductivities and self-diffusion coefficients in dried and water-saturated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [BMIM][PF6], were measured at 25 and 40 °C. Although the presence of water can remarkably induce acceleration of transport properties in the ionic liquid, the ionic dissociation remains almost unchanged.
Fundamentals of cold spraying (2016)

In the present paper, on the basis of our previous studies, we outline the physical fundamentals of the cold gas spraying technology. Main results of experimental and numerical studies of the interaction of one-component flows of metal microparticles with substrate surface are presented. Upon impacts of ductile metal microparticles, with increase of particle velocity, a transition from a destruction of the substrate to the formation of a coating (erosion-adhesion transition) occurs. At particle sizes 30 to 50 μm, the threshold velocity for the transition is minimal (∼ 500 m/s), and it increases to about 1300 m/c with increase or decrease of particle sizes. Specific features of the high-velocity impact interaction of particle mixtures “metal + ceramics” and “metal + metal” are analyzed. The high-velocity impact interaction of heterogeneous mixtures formed by dissimilar particles with substrate surface can lead to enhanced deposition efficiency and reduced threshold particle velocity for the erosion-adhesion transition.
Total Syntheses in Solution of TOAC‐Labelled Alamethicin F50/5 Analogues (2007)

Total syntheses in solution of a set of four selected analogues of the 19-mer component F50/5 of alamethicin, the most extensively studied among the channel-former peptaibol antibiotics, are planned and reported. All analogues bear three Glu(OMe) residues, replacing the Gln residues at positions 7, 18, and 19 of the naturally occurring compound. Three analogues are mono-labelled with the free-radical-containing amino acid residue TOAC at the strategic positions 1, 8, or 16. The fourth analogue is bis-labelled with the same EPR-active residue at both positions 1 and 16. In the native sequence, all of the positions where TOAC replacements have been introduced are characterized by residues of Aib, the prototype of the class of helicogenic C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids. All of the TOAC analogues synthesized exhibit significant membrane-modifying properties.