gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B (1994)

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. A large number of therapeutic approaches has been tried, including interferon (IFN), nucleoside analogues and immunomodulators. To date controlled clinical trials have shown that only IFN is of long-term value but many patients fail to respond to treatment. New approaches to treating patients with IFN-resistant hepatitis B are currently undergoing clinical and experimental evaluation, and it seems likely that new therapeutic agents will be available in the near future.
Sensitivity of Light Water Reactor Fuel Cycle Parameters and Costs to Uncertainties in Thermal Nuclear Data and Methods (1981)

The sensitivity of light water reactor (LWR) fuel cycle parameters and costs to uncertainties in thermal nuclear data and methods is examined using a code package developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Cross sections averaged over the thermal energy (<1- or 2-eV) group are shown to have an important economic role for LWRs. When it has been determined that fuel cycle parameters and costs are sensitive to a specific thermal group cross section, it becomes desirable to determine how specific energy-dependent cross sections influence fuel cycle parameters and costs. The FASTT code was written to compute detailed sensitivity coefficients using either a direct or a perturbation technique.Multigroup cross-section sensitivity coefficients vary with fuel exposure. After computing the changed exposure-dependent thermal group cross section, new fuel cycle parameters and costs are computed by a sequence of fuel depletion, core analysis, and cost codes. One can therefore obtain the change in fuel cycle cost for different fuel cycle options induced by a change in the shape of a detailed thermal cross section. A striking feature of our thermal analyses is the (usually) overwhelming importance of the hardened Maxwellian energy region (0.01 to 0.1 eV).The FASTT code is also used to determine the importance of the frequency distribution used to compute neutron scattering kernels based on the incoherent approximation. The sensitivities to Nelkin’s scattering data are not large. A method, having potentially large implications for LWR design, is developed for obtaining correspondence among different scattering kernels.
CLTNICAL OBSERVATION ON THE PATIENTS WITH SERUM HEPATITIS (1959)

1951～1958年の間に入院した40例の血清肝炎患者における肝機能檢査並びに臨床経過を観察し次の結果を得た. 1)即報の流行性肝炎の統計においては20才乃至29才台に最も多くの罹患者(99例中44例)を見たが血清肝炎の発生頻度には年令的差異は認められなかつた. 2)血清肝炎の発現と肝疾患やその他の既往歴との間には有意の関係は認められなかつた. 3)血清肝炎40例中35例は手術時輸血を受け4例は輸血のみで発病し1例は血清肝炎患者血液の皮注によつて発病した. 4)血清肝炎の黄疸持続期間は7乃至169日(平均50日)でその大多数例は1乃至2ヵ月以内に同復期に入つた. 5)血清肝炎における種々の肝機能検査成績殊にBromsulfalein試驗は多くの症例において囘復後もなお比較的長期間異常を呈し,更に血清肝炎から慢性肝炎或は肝硬変へ移行する症例のあることを穿刺所見から確認した. 6)40例中2例は電撃性肝炎の症状を呈し発病10日以内に死亡し,死後剖檢にてそれぞれ急性並びに亞急性(黄色)肝萎縮症と診断された.
The Use of Tableting Indices to Study the Compaction Properties of Powders (1988)

AbstractTableting indices are employed to investigate some compression properties of a binary mixture of a direct compression excipient, calcium sulfate, and a tablet lubricant, magnesium stearate. The technique involved modifications of previously described equipment used to acquire and quantitate the bonding index, brittle fracture index, and strain index. The present paper describes the significant modifications and contributions made on equipment, and presents some results obtained for some binary mixtures of powders.
Comparison of cell profiles on bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids between normal subjects and patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (1985)

The cell profiles of bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BLF and BALF) of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were compared with those of normal volunteers (NV) and age-matched control patients (CP), to characterize the cell profiles of the bronchoalveolar region in normals and patients with IPF. In BALF of nonsmokers from both control groups (NV and CP), alveolar macrophages (AM) were predominant and the percentage of neutrophil leukocytes and that of eosinophil leukocytes below 1% of the total cells. The percentage of neutrophils and that of bronchial epithelial cells were higher in BLF than in BALF of both control groups. Of the immune and inflammatory cells in BLF, the mean percentage of neutrophils was 12% in NV group and 42% in CP group. The percentage of neutrophils and that of eosinophils in BALF were higher in IPF group than in CP group, but the percentage of neutrophils in BLF of IPF group was comparable to that of CP group. In the IPF group, the percentage of neutrophils in BALF was lower than that in BLF. These results indicated that even in healthy subjects, a considerable number of neutrophils are present in the bronchial region and that the cell profile of the lavage fluid of the bronchoalveolar tree changes depending on the method of lavage. Presumably the higher percentage of neutrophils in BALF of patients with IPF is partly due to derangements of the alveolar structure, because the amount of saline infused into this region is limited.
Structural Elucidation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry of Multisulfated Oligosaccharides Isolated from Human Respiratory Mucous Glycoproteins (1994)

Abstract Underivatized mono- and multisulfated oligosaccharides obtained by the alkalineborohydride treatment of human respiratory mucous glycoproteins were analyzed by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS). Employing three unique and structurally homologous groups, the FAB mass spectra of a mono- and a disulfated tri- and tetrasaccharide and a mono-, di- and trisulfated branched hexasaccharide were compared. Each produced mass spectra displaying molecular weight-related and structurally significant fragment ions including fragments differing in mass by multiples of 102 amu reflecting the loss of one or more sulfate esters. From these data, combined with monosaccharide composition, the carbohydrate sequence and number and location of sulfate esters can readily be determined. These findings, with other chemical and enzymatic analyses, make FAB MS a valuable tool applicable to the unambiguous structural elucidation of underivatized reduced, linear and branched, mucous glycoprotein oligosaccharides that vary in degree of sulfation.
Heart failure: Lessons learned over the past 25 years (1995)

Over the past 25 years, a great deal has been learned about the pathophysiology and management of heart failure--a major health problem whose prevalence and incidence have not declined, unlike other cardiovascular disorders. Several of these lessons are reviewed herein. However, despite these advances, important issues remain to challenge both the practicing physician and the research scientist.
An improved 24 channel picoliter dispenser based on direct liquid displacement (2004)

For the first time we present a systematic study concerning the relation between nozzle diameter and ejected droplet volume of a highly parallel picoliter dispenser. Such dispensers are essential parts for the mass fabrication of microarrays and are able to dispense up to 96 different reagents at a pitch of 500 /spl mu/m simultaneously. In contrast to an earlier design we investigated different nozzle diameters. The change from 35 /spl mu/m to 60 /spl mu/m in nozzle diameter resulted in a doubling of dispensed volume for most used elastomers and irrespective of actuation parameters. Minimum and maximum of dispensed volumes have been determined to be 125 pl and 1700 pl. Those results are based on a new design, which also includes passive microstructures for droplet homogeneity as well as modified microchannels for improved priming and prevention of cross-contamination. Based on this, the CV of droplet velocity could be reduced from 50% down to less than 5%. The CV of droplet volume is clearly below the measurement error (8%).
Effect of Different Surface Finish Methods Applied to Bearing Soil Layer on Performance of Highway Bridge Spread Footing (2000)

Shallow foundation has a potential to be a successful alternative to deep foundations at many highway bridge construction sites. To further encourage their uses, comprehensive performance data must be compiled and made available to the practicing civil engineers. A research team at Ohio University has completed a major study on the field and laboratory performance of highway bridge spread footing foundations for the Ohio Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Majority of the spread footings placed over the bearing soil layers were instrumented with sensors to measure their overall performance. At one of the five bridge construction sites involved in the study, the upper zone of the bearing soil layer received a few different treatments due to localized unique subsurface conditions and changes in payment agreement between the Contractor and the State. This paper presents detailed field performance of the spread footings at this site, which rested on bearing soil layers with different finish methods. Although the amount of data obtained in the study was still limited, the field gave a preliminary indication that the surface finish method might not have much influence on the field performance of these spread footings.
Stereochemistry of Oxachlorocarbene S<sub>N</sub>i Reactions (2005)

[reaction: see text] 3-Nortricyclyloxychlorocarbene and trans-4-methylcyclohexyloxychlorocarbene both fragment in hydrocarbon solvents with extensive loss of stereochemical integrity to the corresponding chlorides via competitive and nearly isoenergetic S(N)i-like transition states.
Anti-interferon-gamma antibodies in sera from HIV infected patients. (1989)

High serum levels of antibodies to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) have been found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A radioimmunoassay (RIA) with a recombinant IFN-gamma protein or an affinity purified IFN-gamma preparation as antigens, was developed to detect the specific anti-IFN-gamma antibodies. Reactivity of sera to IFN-gamma was confirmed by Western blot analysis. These antibodies, however, do not seem to recognize the active site of the molecule, since they do not neutralize the antiviral IFN-gamma activity in a biological assay. These results enforce the hypothesis of the role of autoimmunization during the course of the disease.
Design Study for the Conversion of the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron from an Energy Constant of K=90 to K=300 MeV (1975)

A possible method of achieving a K=300 MeV cyclotron by increasing the average magnetic field of the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC) from 18.6 to 33.9 kG with superconducting coils has been investigated.
Radiation necrosis versus glioma recurrence: conventional MR imaging clues to diagnosis. (2005)

In proton beam-treated patients with glioma, corpus callosum involvement, in conjunction with multiple enhancing lesions with or without crossing of the midline and subependymal spread, favors predominant glioma progression. Overall, combinations of enhancement patterns were more likely than individual patterns to distinguish necrosis from predominant tumor progression. Together with clinical and functional imaging findings, these results may assist in determining the need for biopsy.
Probe‐specific DNA fingerprinting applied to the epidemiology of localized juvenile periodontitis (1990)

Although Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been recognized as a primary etiological agent in localized juvenile periodontitis, questions remain concerning the source of infection, mode of transmission, and relative virulence of strains. DNA fingerprinting analysis, using a randomly cloned chromosomal DNA fragment as a probe, revealed that previously characterized strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans displayed significant restriction site heterogeneity which could be applied to the typing of clinical isolates of this bacterium such that individual strains or variants could be traced within subjects from localized juvenile periodontitis families. Hybridization data derived from an analysis of bacterial isolates obtained from families participating in an ongoing longitudinal study of the disease showed that a single individual could be infected with more than one strain or variant of A. actinomycetemcomitans and that various members of the same family could harbor different strains or variants of the bacterium. In several cases the clinical isolates were matched to characterized laboratory strains by comparing hybridization patterns generated by digestion of the DNA with several restriction enzymes in independent reactions. Thus, probe-specific DNA fingerprinting of A. actinomycetemcomitans will permit us to determine if particular strains or variants are frequently associated with sites of periodontal destruction. Attention could then be focused on determining the virulence properties of those strains or variants that have in vivo significance.
Interaction Ionizing Between 2450-MHz Microwaves and Radiation in Tribolium Confusum (1978)

The combined effect of single or fractionated 137Cs y radia- tion and 2 h of 2450-MEIz microwave radiation at two different power levels, resulting in specific absorption rates of 680 or 760 W/kg in dktilied H20, was investigated in the flour beetle, Tribolbrm confusum. The potentiating effect of microwave treatment after singfe y irradiation was obserwd only if applied within 60 rein; in contrast the potentiatfog effed of microwave treatment given before y -irradiation lasted at leaat 8 b. iWcrowave treatment also altered the kinetics of spfit-dose recovery. At the higher power level, split-dose recovery was aboffsbed for at least 36 Ly at the lower power level, spfit-dose repair of ionizing radiation damage was delayed for $-10 ~ and the% with longer interfraction intervals, survival increased. Aff of the foregoing observations essentially mimic tho3e previ- ously reported for appropriate hyperthermic treatment by means of immer- sion in hot water. These findings are in keeping with the hypothesis that heating, whether by microwaves or by water immeraio~ affects the repair capabilities of the beetle, either by damaging some of the enzymes that repair radiation-damaged DNA or by altering the cytostructural integrity of the DNA-cbrmoRtio membrane comple~ rendering the DNA IIeaions less amenable to repair.
The p53 protein is an unusually shaped tetramer that binds directly to DNA. (1993)

We have analyzed the size and structure of native immunopurified human p53 protein. By using a combination of chemical crosslinking, gel filtration chromatography, and zonal velocity gradient centrifugation, we have determined that the predominant form of p53 in such preparations is a tetramer. The behavior of purified p53 in gels and sucrose gradients implies that the protein has an extended shape. Wild-type p53 has been shown to bind specifically to sites in cellular and viral DNA. We show in this study by Southwestern ligand blotting and by analysis of DNA-bound crosslinked p53 that p53 monomers, dimers, and tetramers can bind directly to DNA.
Disproportionate reduction in tryptic response to endogenous compared with exogenous stimulation in chronic pancreatitis (1978)

The secretin-pancreozymin (SP) and Lundh-Borgström (meal) tests were compared in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis (CP). A range of normal values for each test was obtained in a control group of 22 patients without pancreatic disease. Seventeen patients with CP were given the tests on separate days. The peak concentration of bicarbonate after secretin was reduced in 14 of these 17 patients, post-secretin bicarbonate output fell in 13, while peak tryptic activity (PTA) in duodenal juice after pancreozymin was below normal in 10; the overall incidence of abnormal results in SP tests was 88%. The mean tryptic activity (MTA) in a two-hour collection of duodenal juice after the test meal was reduced below normal in 16 of the 17 patients.In the control group PTA after pancreozymin was closely similar to MTA after the test meal, but in the patients with CP MTA was significantly less than PTA. PTA and MTA correlated significantly in both the control and CP groups, and the slopes of the two regression lines were not significantly different. In each patient with CP the tryptic response to the test meal was only a third of the tryptic response to intravenous pancreozymin. This disproportionate reduction in tryptic response to endogenous compared with exogenous stimulation in CP accounts for the high success rate of the meal test, which equalled the SP test.The Lundh-Borgström test is a sensitive indicator of CP and is within the resources of most hospitals. The SP test is better suited to specialist centres and may provide valuable additional information in individual cases.
Competition between magnetic order and charge localization in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Na</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>IrO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> thin crystal devices (2020)

Spin orbit assisted Mott insulators such as sodium iridate (${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$) have been an important subject of study in recent years. In these materials, the interplay of electronic correlations, spin-orbit coupling, crystal field effects, and a honeycomb arrangement of ions bring exciting ground states, predicted in the frame of the Kitaev model. The insulating character of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ has hampered its integration to an electronic device, desirable for applications, such as the manipulation of quasiparticles interesting for topological quantum computing. Here we show through electronic transport measurements supported by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments, that electronic transport in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ is ruled by variable range hopping and it is strongly dependent on the magnetic ordering transition known for bulk ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$, as well as on external electric fields. Electronic transport measurements allow us to deduce a value for the localization length and the density of states in our ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ thin crystal devices, and offer an alternative approach to study insulating 2D-materials.
Using the Genome to Understand Pathogenicity (2004)

Genome sequencing, the determination of the complete complement of DNA in an organism, is revolutionizing all aspects of the biological sciences. Genome sequences make available for scientific scrutiny the complete genetic capacity of an organism. With respect to microbes, this means we now have the unprecedented opportunity to investigate the molecular basis of commensal and virulence behavior. We now have genome sequences for a wide range of bacterial pathogens (obligate, facultative, and opportunistic); this has facilitated the discovery of many previously unidentified determinants of pathogenicity and has provided novel insights into what creates a pathogen. In-depth analyses of bacterial genomes are also providing new perspectives on bacterial physiology, molecular adaptation to a preferred niche, and genomic susceptibility to the uptake of foreign DNA, three key factors that can play a significant role in determining whether a species, or a strain, will have pathogenic potential.
Effect of anisotropy strength on phase transitions in random anisotropy magnets (1982)

ac susceptibility and magnetization measurements are reported for a number of Gd and Tb based glasses. Raman magnetic anisotropy effects are observed in both the Gd and Tb glasses. The Gd glasses show a transition to an infinite susceptibility state and in some cases a further transition to an hysteretic state at low temperatures in which field-cooling and magnetic viscosity effects are observed. The Tb glass shows only a small speromagnetic peak at low temperatures. The ratio of anisotropy strength to exchange was varied in the Gd glasses by alloying, and the effect of this on the resulting magnetic states is discussed.
Quinine and a Resistance Factor (1947)

Myiasis of Palpebral Conjunctiva SIR,-The following record of a case of myiasis of the palpebral conjunctiva is of interest.
Using singular perturbation theory to determine kinetic parameters in a non-standard coupled enzyme assay (2020)

We investigate how to characterize the kinetic parameters of an aminotransaminase using a non-standard coupled (or auxiliary) enzyme assay, where the peculiarity arises for two reasons. First, one of the products of the auxiliary enzyme is a substrate for the primary enzyme and, second, we explicitly account for the reversibility of the auxiliary enzyme reaction. Using singular perturbation theory, we characterize the two distinguished asymptotic limits in terms of the strength of the reverse reaction, which allows us to determine how to deduce the kinetic parameters of the primary enzyme for a characterized auxiliary enzyme. This establishes a parameter-estimation algorithm that is applicable more generally to similar reaction networks. We demonstrate the applicability of our theory by performing enzyme assays to characterize a novel putative aminotransaminase enzyme, CnAptA (UniProtKB Q0KEZ8) from Cupriavidus necator H16, for two different omega-amino acid substrates.
Model reference robust control of systems with significant unmodelled dynamics (1997)

In this paper, a recently proposed control design technique, model reference robust control (MRRC), is generalized to provide input–output robust control for a much wider class of SISO systems. A system under consideration may contain not only parametric uncertainties, disturbances, uncertain high-order nonlinearities associated with system output (including stable unmodelled dynamics of the output), but also multiplicative unmodelled dynamics of the input of the system. Input unmodelled dynamics may be unstable and of infinite dimension. Common assumptions such as the order of the system, or bounds on system parameters, or coefficients in size-bounding functions on uncertainties and unmodelled dynamics are not needed in this paper. The a priori information required to apply the proposed design procedure includes the relative degree of the overall system, closed-form expressions of bounding functions, and, for arbitrarily small error in tracking the output of any given reference model, the minimum phase condition. Under the proposed control, the output tracking error can be made arbitrarily small to achieve any specified tracking accuracy. The distinct feature of MRRC is that neither uncertainties nor unmodelled dynamics are required to be small. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortical Gyrification and Sulcal Spans in Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an insidious onset of progressive cerebral atrophy and cognitive decline. Previous research suggests that cortical folding and sulcal width are associated with cognitive function in elderly individuals, and the aim of the present study was to investigate these morphological measures in patients with AD. The sample contained 161 participants, comprising 80 normal controls, 57 patients with very mild AD, and 24 patients with mild AD. From 3D T1-weighted brain scans, automated methods were used to calculate an index of global cortex gyrification and the width of five individual sulci: superior frontal, intra-parietal, superior temporal, central, and Sylvian fissure. We found that global cortex gyrification decreased with increasing severity of AD, and that the width of all individual sulci investigated other than the intra-parietal sulcus was greater in patients with mild AD than in controls. We also found that cognitive functioning, as assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, decreased as global cortex gyrification decreased. MMSE scores also decreased in association with a widening of all individual sulci investigated other than the intra-parietal sulcus. The results suggest that abnormalities of global cortex gyrification and regional sulcal span are characteristic of patients with even very mild AD, and could thus facilitate the early diagnosis of this condition.