gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SiGe/CMOS Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits and Wafer-Scale Packaging for Phased Array Systems. (2008)

Phased array systems have been used to achieve electronic beam control and fast beam scanning. In the RF-phase shifting architecture, T/R modules are required for each antenna element, and have been traditionally developed using GaAs or InP technology. This thesis demonstrates that Ka-band (35 GHz) T/R modules can also be developed using the SiGe BiCMOS technology. The designed circuit blocks include a low noise amplifier, a 4-bit phase shifter, a variable gain amplifier/attenuator, and SPDT switches. The Ka-band phase shifters are designed based on CMOS switch and miniature low-pass networks for a single-ended and differential applications, and result in 3-degree rms phase error at 35 GHz. The SiGe LNA results in a peak gain of 24 dB and a noise figure of 2.9-3.1 dB with 11 mW power consumption. The CMOS variablestep attenuator has 12-dB attenuation range (1 dB step) with very low loss and phase imbalance at 10-50 GHz. A variable gain LNA is also demonstrated at 30-40 GHz for the differential phased array receiver, and has 20-dB gain and <1-degree rms phase imbalance between the 8 different gain states and 10 dB gain control. All of these circuits show state-of-the-art performance, and the phase shifter, distributed attenuator and VGA are also first-time demonstrations at Ka-band frequencies. These circuit blocks were used in a miniature SiGe/CMOS Ka-band T/R module with a dimension of 0.93x1.33mm2, and a measured performance of 19 dB receive gain, 4-5 dB NF, 9 dB transmit gain and +5.5 dBm output P1dB. The T/R module also has 4-bit phase control and 10 dB gain control in both the transmit and receive modes. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a Ka-band SiGe/CMOS T/R module to-date. Finally, a DC-110 GHz Si wafer-scale packaging technique has been developed using thermo-compression bonding and is suitable for Ka-band and even W-band T/R modules. The package transition has an insertion loss of 0.1-0.26 dB at 30-110 GHz, and the package resonances and leakage were drastically reduced by grounding the sealing ring. This is the first demonstration of a wideband resonance-free (DC-110 GHz) package using silicon technology.
SiC whisker reinforced Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-ZrO/sub 2/ composites (1988)

During machining, SiC whisker-reinforced alumina-zirconia ceramics used in superalloy-cutting tools fail in one or more of the following forms: cutting-edge wear, notching at the depth-of-cut line, chippage, or breakage. Attention is presently given to the combined effects on such tool ceramics of variations in the proportions of their alumina, zirconia, and SiC whisker constituents. SiC portions of 0-45 vol pct were tested in matrices of alumina with 0-30 vol pct zirconia. Fracture toughness was improved by both SiC and zirconia additions, although zirconia additions yielded lower hardness.
Copper interconnect technology for the 22 nm node (2011)

On-chip copper interconnects have gained wide acceptance in the microelectronics industry due to improved resistivity and reliability compared to Al interconnects. Initially, copper interconnects were only used for high performance logic circuits. However, Cu interconnects are now used in a wide variety of integrated circuits, including dynamic random access memories (DRAM), RF circuits, and CMOS image sensors. Copper interconnects will continue to be used for the 32 and 22nm technology nodes. However, there are many challenges with implementation of Cu interconnects at these nodes, including increased resistivity, integration with porous low-k materials, and reliability. In addition, for RF circuits, integration of passive devices is required. In this paper, each of these topics is addressed.
Evaluation of Medication Kit Processing Time Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology (2015)

A study was conducted to evaluate the time devoted to medication kit processing using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology versus traditional processing. The article reviews the traditional, non-automated process as well as the automated RFIDbased process. The comparative methodology is reviewed, including limitations. The result shows a statistically significant time savings with the RFID-based technology in both process components (restocking and verifying) and the total. Other elements important in institution decision-making are reviewed.  Type: Original Research
High‐resolution autoradiography of<sup>3</sup>H‐ouabain binding in salt transporting epithelia (1976)

The distribution of salt transporting sites in epithelia is a problem of special interest to electrolyte metabolism. Autoradiography of freeze-dried plastic embedded tissue was used to localize 3H-ouabain in rabbit small intestine and renal medulla and gills of killifish. Resolution approaching theoretical limits for tritium at the light microscope level was achieved. The results of several tests are presented which demonstrate the resolution of the method and the specificity of the observed ouabain binding patterns. A large uptake of ouabain was found along the basolateral membranes of the enterocyte, thick ascending tubules and chloride cells (fish gill).
Passage four : child soldiers of boys and men (2006)

The 1 World Manga series offers a premise where the hero must grapple with social problems of a global magnitude that are set in the real world. This joint World Bank/VIZ Media series targets youth readers with engaging stories that introduce the reader to important topics in development. Each volume focuses issues like poverty, HIV/AIDS, the environment, child soldiers, girls' education, and corruption. The series concerns the coming-of-age tale of an orphaned teenager, Rei, who dreams of becoming the greatest fighter in the world! Rei's trainer takes the form of various animals and, much to Rei's disappointment, strives to develop his student's mind, heart, and spirit more than his fighting technique. The stakes get higher when Rei meets a young woman fighting just to survive! Can Rei vanquish the specter of poverty?
Dynamic typing for distributed programming in polymorphic languages (1999)

While static typing is widely accepted as being necessary for secure program execution, dynamic typing is also viewed as being essential in some applications, particularly for distributed programming environments. Dynamics have been proposed as a language construct for dynamic typing, based on experience with languages such as CLU, Cedar/Mesa, and Modula-3. However proposals for incorporating dynamic typing into languages with parametric polymorphism have serious shortcomings. A new approach is presented to extending polymorphic lnanguages with dynamic typing. At the heart of the approach is the use of dynamic type dispatch, where polymorphic functions may analyze the structure of their type arguments. This approach solves several open problems with the traditional approach to adding dynamic typing to polymorphic languages. An explicity typed language XML dyn is presented; this language uses refinement kinds to ensure that dynamic type dispatch does not fail at run-time. Safe dynamics are a new form of dynamics that use refinement kinds to statically check the use of run-time dynamic typing. Run-time errors are isolated to a separate construct for performing run-time type checks
Advances and challenges in smart and functional polymer vesicles (2009)

Polymer vesicles prepared by self-assembly techniques have attracted increasing scientific interest in recent years. This is as a result of their numerous potential applications such as tunable delivery vehicles, for the templating of biomineralization, as nanoreactors and as scaffolds for biological conjugation. Presented in this review are the recent advances in the preparation and application of ‘smart’ and functional block copolymer vesicles such as those which respond to external stimuli to afford a change in structure, morphology or controlled release event. In this Highlight, we first give an overview of the structure of polymer vesicles, followed by a summary of the methods used for their preparation. We then focus on recently developed intelligent polymer vesicles which can respond to the application of external stimuli such as a change in temperature, pH or redox to afford novel nanomaterials. The potential applications of these materials are explored with specific focus on the functionalization of various domains of the polymer vesicles. Finally, the current limitations in the preparation and application of polymer vesicles are explored as are the challenges facing the development of these nanostructures towards real-world applications.
Youth Violence in Boston: Gun Markets, Serious Youth Offenders, and a Use-Reduction Strategy (1996)

David M. Kennedy, Anne M. Piehl, Anthony A. Braga, Youth Violence in Boston: Gun Markets, Serious Youth Offenders, and a Use-Reduction Strategy, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 59, No. 1, Kids, Guns, and Public Policy (Winter, 1996), pp. 147-196
Prevalence of FEEDING TUBE PLACEMENT ERRORS & ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN (1998)

Nurses need to be especially careful in assessing tube placement if the pediatric client has one or more of the identified risk factors. Health care providers need to carefully weigh the benefits and risks of feeding by nasal or oral enteral tubes versus the benefits and risks of feeding by endoscopically or surgically placed enteral tubes.
Undetectable ultrasensitive PSA after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer predicts relapse-free survival (2000)

Radical retropubic prostatectomy is considered by many centres to be the treatment of choice for men aged less than 70 years with localized prostate cancer. A rise in serum prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy occurs in 10-40% of cases. This study evaluates the usefulness of novel ultrasensitive PSA assays in the early detection of biochemical relapse. 200 patients of mean age 61. 2 years underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. Levels < or = 0.01 ng ml-1 were considered undetectable. Mean pre-operative prostate-specific antigen was 13.3 ng ml-1. Biochemical relapse was defined as 3 consecutive rises. The 2-year biochemical disease-free survival for the 134 patients with evaluable prostate-specific antigen nadir data was 61.1% (95% CI: 51.6-70.6%). Only 2 patients with an undetectable prostate-specific antigen after radical retropubic prostatectomy biochemically relapsed (3%), compared to 47 relapses out of 61 patients (75%) who did not reach this level. Cox multivariate analysis confirms prostate-specific antigen nadir < or = 0.01 ng ml-1 to be a superb independent variable predicting a favourable biochemical disease-free survival (P < 0.0001). Early diagnosis of biochemical relapse is feasible with sensitive prostate-specific antigen assays. These assays more accurately measure the prostate-specific antigen nadir, which is an excellent predictor of biochemical disease-free survival. Thus, sensitive prostate-specific antigen assays offer accurate prognostic information and expedite decision-making regarding the use of salvage prostate-bed radiotherapy or hormone therapy.
Social Problem Solving and Health Behaviors of Undergraduate Students (1997)

Examines the relationship of social problem solving to health behaviors as reported by 126 undergraduate students. Findings revealed significant relationships between elements of social problem solving and wellness and accident prevention behaviors, and traffic and substance risk taking. However, correlations revealed differences between men and women. Implications for campus wellness programs are discussed. Language: en
Washing-Free Heterogeneous Immunosensor Using Proximity-Dependent Electron Mediation between an Enzyme Label and an Electrode (2014)

Washing processes, essential in most heterogeneous labeled assays, have been a big hurdle in simplifying the detection procedure and reducing assay time. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to washing-free heterogeneous labeled assays. We report a purely washing-free immunosensor that allows fast, sensitive, and single-step detection of prostate-specific antigen in serum with low interference. Proximity-dependent electron mediation of ferrocenemethanol (Fc) between an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a glucose-oxidase (GOx) label allows us to discriminate between a bound and an unbound label: a bound label offers faster electron mediation than an unbound one. The electrooxidation of Fc at a low applied potential (0.13 V vs Ag/AgCl) and a low electrocatalytic ITO electrode and the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid by l-ascorbate oxidase minimize the effect of the interfering species. With a high concentration of glucose (200 mM), the signal and background levels are hardly dependent on the glucose-concentration variation in the sample. The washing-free immunosensor can detect a concentration of ca. 1 pg/mL for mouse IgG in phosphate-buffered saline and a concentration of ca. 10 pg/mL for prostate-specific antigen spiked in female serum after an incubation period of 10 min. The concentrations measured with actual clinical serum samples are in good agreement with the concentrations measured with a commercial instrument, which renders the washing-free heterogeneous immunosensor appealing for practical use.
Design trade-offs for user-level I/O architectures (2006)

To address the growing I/O bottleneck, next-generation distributed I/O architectures employ scalable point-to-point interconnects and minimize operating system overhead by providing user-level access to the I/O subsystem. Reduced I/O overhead allows I/O intensive applications to efficiently employ latency hiding techniques for improved throughput. This paper presents the design of a novel scalable user-level I/O architecture and evaluates the impact of various architectural mechanisms in terms of overall performance improvement. Results demonstrate that eliminating data movement across protection domains is the dominant contributor to improved scalability. Eliminating system call and interrupt overhead only has a small additional benefit that may not justify the additional hardware support required. While this evaluation is based on one specific design, the conclusions can be generalized to other user-level I/O architectures
Gene Expression in Cortical Interneuron Precursors is Prescient of their Mature Function (2008)

At present little is known about the developmental mechanisms that give rise to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the neocortex or the timing of their subtype specification. As such, we performed a gene expression microarray analysis on cortical interneuron precursors isolated through their expression of a Dlx5/6(Cre-IRES-EGFP) transgene. We purified these precursors from the embryonic mouse neocortex at E13.5 and E15.5 by sorting of enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing cells. We identified novel transcription factors, neuropeptides, and cell surface genes whose expression is highly enriched in embryonic cortical interneuron precursors. Our identification of many of the genes known to be selectively enriched within cortical interneurons validated the efficacy of our approach. Surprisingly, we find that subpopulations of migrating cortical interneurons express genes encoding for proteins characteristic of mature interneuron subtypes as early as E13.5. These results provide support for the idea that many of the genes characteristic of specific cortical interneuron subtypes are evident prior to their functional integration into cortical microcircuitry. They suggest interneurons are already relegated to specific genetic subtypes shortly after they become postmitotic. Moreover, our work has revealed that many of the genes expressed in cortical interneuron precursors have been independently linked to neurological disorders in both mice and humans.
Application of a Multilayer Decision Tree in Computer Recognition of Chinese Characters (1983)

A multistage classifier with general tree structure has been developed to recognize a large number of Chinese characters. A simple and efficient method of classifying the characters was achieved by choosing the best feature at each stage of the tree. The features used are Walsh coefficients obtained from two profiles of a character projected onto the X-Y orthogonal axes. Some algorithms for aligning the characters were compared and one of them was adopted in this recognition scheme. A high recognition rate of about 99.5 percent was obtained in an experiment with more than 3000 different Chinese characters.
Rapid Blood Ketone Body Estimation in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (1972)

Different methods of assessing ketone body concentrations in blood and plasma of ketoacidotic patients have been compared. We confirmed that Ketostix reacts strongly with acetoacetate, giving a useful range of 0 to 10 mM for plasma acetoacetate, that acetone reacts weakly, and that 3-hydroxybutyrate does not react at all. Plasma Ketostix readings correlated only moderately well with enzymatically determined whole-blood acetoacetate. All samples giving a + + + reaction contained more than 1.6 mM acetoacetate while only 4 out of 21 samples showing 0 contained more than 0.4 mM. Comparison of Ketostix readings with total blood ketone body content showed poor correlation. One reason for this was the large variation in the ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate in ketoacidosis; another was that often Ketostix had been stored in such a way that they had become damp, which impairs their reliability. If the Ketostix reading and estimation of the blood pH show a discrepancy we suggest that an enzymatic assay should be used to determine the ketone bodies and lactate.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF THE INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACT, SWERTIA CHIRATA AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES: A STUDY BY IN-VITRO AND MOLECULAR APPROACH (2008)

Purpose: The antiviral activity of Indian Medicinal plant extract Swertia chirata was tested against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1, using multiple approaches both at cellular and molecular level. Methods: Cytotoxicity, plaque reduction, virus infectivity, antigen expression and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were conducted to test the antiviral activity of the plant extract. Results: Swertia plant crude extract (1gm/mL) at 1:64 dilution inhibited HSV-1, plaque formation at more than 70% level. HSV antigen expression and time kinetics experiments conducted by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) test, revealed a characteristic pattern of small foci of single fluorescent cells in Swertia extract treated HSV-1 infected cells at 4 hours post infection dose, suggested drug inhibited viral dissemination. Infected cell cultures treated with Swertia extract at various time intervals, tested by PCR, failed to show amplification at 12, 24-72 hours. HSV-1 infected cells treated with Acyclovir (antiviral drug) did not show any amplification by PCR. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the Indian medicinal plant extract, Swertia chirata showed antiviral properties against Herpes simplex virus type-1.
Embryonic sex hormones in birds (1991)

Hormone activity of embryonic gonads in birds was demonstrated by grafting and culture experiments. Anti-Müllerian hormone responsible for the regression of the Müllerian ducts in the male is most probably a glycoprotein. Whether the testis also secretes testosterone has long been disputed, but most arguments are against this possibility. From early stages of development, the ovary secretes estrome and estradiol. However, it could not be demonstrated unambiguously whether estrogen is identical with the sex inducing substance in the female. The hypophysis seems to control ovarian estrogen secretion at 10-13 days of incubation in the chick embryo.
A cost-effective implementation of multilevel tiling (2003)

This paper presents a new cost-effective algorithm to compute exact loop bounds when multilevel tiling is applied to a loop nest having affine functions as bounds (nonrectangular loop nest). Traditionally, exact loop bounds computation has not been performed because its complexity is doubly exponential on the number of loops in the multilevel tiled code and, therefore, for certain classes of loops (i.e., nonrectangular loop nests), can be extremely time consuming. Although computation of exact loop bounds is not very important when tiling only for cache levels, it is critical when tiling includes the register level. This paper presents an efficient implementation of multilevel tiling that computes exact loop bounds and has a much lower complexity than conventional techniques. To achieve this lower complexity, our technique deals simultaneously with all levels to be tiled, rather than applying tiling level by level as is usually done. For loop nests having very simple affine functions as bounds, results show that our method is between 15 and 28 times faster than conventional techniques. For loop nests caving not so simple bounds, we have measured speedups as high as 2,300. Additionally, our technique allows eliminating redundant bounds efficiently. Results show that eliminating redundant bounds in our method is between 22 and 11 times faster than in conventional techniques for typical linear algebra programs.
A manufacturing organization action learning programme that has paid bottom‐line profits (1997)

Describes an action learning programme implemented at Pilkington UK to train supervisors in new and more complex aspects of their jobs. Moving away from a purely technical focus, the role had become much more proactive and focused on productivity improvement. Small groups of from four to eight supervisors completed a six‐month training programme during which they completed a process improvement project within their work area. Reports the outcomes which showed high satisfaction with the training, very high attainment of National Vocational Qualifications and the contribution of at least £1.5 million to the business.
Receive array magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Whitened singular value decomposition (WSVD) gives optimal Bayesian solution (2010)

Receive array coils play a pivotal role in modern MRI. MR spectroscopy can also benefit from the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and field of view provided by a receive array. In any experiment using an n-element array, n different complex spectra will be recorded and each spectrum unavoidably contains an undesired noise contribution. Previous algorithms for combining spectra have ignored the fact that the noise detected by different array elements is correlated. We introduce here an algorithm for efficiently, robustly, and automatically combining these n spectra using noise whitening and the singular value decomposition to provide the single combined spectrum that has maximum likelihood in the presence of this correlated noise. Simulations are performed that demonstrate the superiority of this approach to previous methods. Experiments in phantoms and in vivo on the brain, heart, and liver of normal volunteers, at 1.5 T and 3 T, using array coils from eight to 32 elements and with (1)H and (31)P nuclei, validate our approach, which provides signal-to-noise ratio improvements of up to 60% in our tests. The whitening and the singular value decomposition algorithm become most advantageous for large arrays, when the noise is markedly correlated, and when the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
MAL gene and cancer (2011)

MAL gene expresses in the mediate and late stage of T-lymphocytes.Many studies have shown that the expression of MAL gene has down regulation or loss in many kinds of tumors including esophageal carcinoma,gastric cancer,colon cancer,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,and so on.MAL gene is related with the process of generation and development of the tumors.The application of MAL gene for clinical diagnosis,prognostic and instructing therapy needs further studies.

Key words: 
Neoplasms;  MAL gene