gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Diffuse Reflection Freeform Surface for Uniform Illumination (2013)

Indirect illumination with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and diffusers is widely applied in various fields that require uniform illumination. In this paper, a design of diffuse reflection freeform surface is proposed. Based on the Lambertian characteristic of LEDs and ideal diffuse surface, a mathematical model is developed. Nonlinear algebraic equations are established by redistributing the energy emitted from LEDs to the illuminated scene for uniform illumination. Solving these equations numerically, the outline of the diffuse surface is obtained. Finally, by using ray tracing software TracePro, the simulation result shows that the irradiance uniformity of the detection plane is above 95% with high accepted tolerance.
Pancreatic Acinar Cells Express Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein 2- and 8-Specific Populations of Zymogen Granules with Distinct and Overlapping Roles in Secretion (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated roles for vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP 2) and VAMP 8 in Ca(2+)-regulated pancreatic acinar cell secretion, however, their coordinated function in the secretory pathway has not been addressed. Here we provide evidence using immunofluorescence microscopy, cell fractionation, and SNARE protein interaction studies that acinar cells contain two distinct populations of zymogen granules (ZGs) expressing either VAMP 2 or VAMP 8. Further, VAMP 8-positive granules also contain the synaptosome-associated protein 29, whereas VAMP 2-expressing granules do not. Analysis of acinar secretion by Texas red-dextran labeling indicated that VAMP 2-positive ZGs mediate the majority of exocytotic events during constitutive secretion and also participate in Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis, whereas VAMP 8-positive ZGs are more largely involved in Ca(2+)-stimulated secretion. Previously undefined functional roles for VAMP and syntaxin isoforms in acinar secretion were established by introducing truncated constructs of these proteins into permeabilized acini. VAMP 2 and VAMP 8 constructs each attenuated Ca(2+)-stimulated exocytosis by 50%, whereas the neuronal VAMP 1 had no effects. In comparison, the plasma membrane SNAREs syntaxin 2 and syntaxin 4 each inhibited basal exocytosis, but only syntaxin 4 significantly inhibited Ca(2+)-stimulated secretion. Syntaxin 3, which is expressed on ZGs, had no effects. Collectively, these data demonstrate that individual acinar cells express VAMP 2- and VAMP 8-specific populations of ZGs that orchestrate the constitutive and Ca(2+)-regulated secretory pathways.
Weibull Analysis Handbook (1983)

Abstract : This handbook is intended to provide instructions on how to do Weibull analysis. It will provide an understanding of Weibull analysis that is common between the military and industry. The handbook contains seven chapters plus an appendix. The chapters are written containing a minimum of mathematics with proofs given in the appendix. (Author)
Enriching Pre-trained Language Model with Entity Information for Relation Classification (2019)

Relation classification is an important NLP task to extract relations between entities. The state-of-the-art methods for relation classification are primarily based on Convolutional or Recurrent Neural Networks. Recently, the pre-trained BERT model achieves very successful results in many NLP classification / sequence labeling tasks. Relation classification differs from those tasks in that it relies on information of both the sentence and the two target entities. In this paper, we propose a model that both leverages the pre-trained BERT language model and incorporates information from the target entities to tackle the relation classification task. We locate the target entities and transfer the information through the pre-trained architecture and incorporate the corresponding encoding of the two entities. We achieve significant improvement over the state-of-the-art method on the SemEval-2010 task 8 relational dataset.
Effects of Geometric Variations on Lift Augmentation of Simple-plenum-chamber Ground-effect Models (1961)

Considerable interest has been shown during recent years in ground-effect vehicles. Of the various types proposed, the simple-plenum-chamber vehicle has indicated promise because, although the lift augmentation obtainable appears to be less than that of an annular jet, it may be somewhat less complicated structurally. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of some geometric variations upon lift augmentation of a simple plenum chamber within ground proximity. The variables included the ratio inlet area to exit area, plenum-chamber depth, and entrance configuration. An optimum plenum-chamber depth appeared to be between 3 and 10 percent of the plenum-chamber diameter with a ratio of inlet diameter to plenum-chamber diameter of 0.15 for the range of plenum-chamber depths investigated. The most important effect of multiple inlets was the elimination of negative lift augmentation, which was experienced with single sharp-edged inlets, at intermediate heights. Installation of a flared inlet and a turning-vane assembly improved lift augmentation of a single-inlet configuration at intermediate heights.
Text classification using a hidden markov model (2005)

Text categorization (TC) is the task of automatically categorizing textual digital documents into pre-set categories by analyzing their contents. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective TC model to resolve the difficulty of automatic classification. In this study, two primary goals are intended. First, a Hidden Markov Model (HAM is proposed as a relatively new method for text categorization. HMM has been applied to a wide range of applications in text processing such as text segmentation and event tracking, information retrieval, and information extraction. Few, however, have applied HMM to TC. Second, the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is adopted as a classification scheme for the HMM-based TC model for categorizing digital documents. LCC has been used only in a handful of experiments for the purpose of automatic classification. In the proposed framework, a general prototype for an HMM-based TC model is designed, and an experimental model based on the prototype is implemented so as to categorize digitalized documents into LCC. A sample of abstracts from the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database is used for the test-base. Dissertation abstracts, which are pre-classified by professional librarians, form an ideal test-base for evaluating the proposed model of automatic TC. For comparative purposes, a Naive Bayesian model, which has been extensively used in TC applications, is also implemented. Our experimental results show that the performance of our model surpasses that of the Naive Bayesian model as measured by comparing the automatic classification of abstracts to the manual classification performed by professionals.
Using cluster edge counting to aggregate iterations of centroid-linkage clustering results and avoid large distance matrices (2017)

Sequence clustering is a fundamental tool of molecular biology that is being challenged by increasing dataset sizes from high-throughput sequencing. The agglomerative algorithms that have been relied upon for their accuracy require the construction of computationally costly distance matrices which can overwhelm basic research personal computers. Alternative algorithms exist, such as centroid-linkage, to circumvent large memory requirements but their results are often input-order dependent. We present a method for bootstrapping the results of many centroid-linkage clustering iterations into an aggregate set of clusters, increasing cluster accuracy without a distance matrix. This method ranks cluster edges by conservation across iterations and reconstructs aggregate clusters from the resulting ranked edge list, pruning out low-frequency cluster edges that may have been a result of a specific sequence input order. Aggregating centroid-linkage clustering iterations can help researchers using basic research personal computers acquire more reliable clustering results without increasing memory resources.
Thorough. An Illustrated History of the College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 1912-1982. R.H. Macdonald, Saskatoon, The College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 1982. Pp xii, 251, illus., index, select bibliography, ISBN 0-88880-121-1 (1984)

Thorough. An Illustrated History of the College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 1912-1982. R.H. Macdonald, Saskatoon, The College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 1982. Pp xii, 251, illus., index, select bibliography, ISBN 0-88880-121-1. Un article de la revue HSTC Bulletin (Volume 8, numéro 2 (27), décembre–december 1984, p. 95-174) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Radio-LC-MS for the Characterization of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Labeled Bioconjugates (1999)

This report describes the first example of using radio-LC-MS for determining the composition of (99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals at the tracer level. The in-line radiometric detector is a useful addition to a standard LC-MS and provides direct correlation between the MS data and the radioactive species in a radiopharmaceutical kit. Complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNICtide)(tricine)(L)] (RP444, L = TPPTS; RP445, L = TPPDS; and RP446, L = TPPMS) were prepared using a decayed generator eluant. All the ternary ligand (99m)Tc complexes show the expected monoprotonated molecular ions, (M + 1)(+), and diprotonated molecular ions, (M + 2)(2+). The LC-MS spectral data support the proposed structure and are consistent with those obtained for their corresponding (99)Tc analogues. Ternary ligand complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNICtide)(tricine)(L)] (L = ISONIC-HE and ISONIC-Sorb) are neutral, and the molecular weights are also lower than that of RP444. Using a fresh generator eluant (24 h prior elution), only 1-2 mCi of (99m)Tc [(7 x 10(-)(12))-(1.5 x 10(-)(11)) mol of technetium complex] are required to obtain a reasonably clean mass spectrum. Radio-LC-MS is a quick and accurate analytical tool for characterization of (99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals at the tracer level.
An improved GLMNET for L1-regularized logistic regression (2012)

Recently, Yuan et al. (2010) conducted a comprehensive comparison on software for L1regularized classification. They concluded that a carefully designed coordinate descent implementation CDN is the fastest among state-of-the-art solvers. In this paper, we point out that CDN is less competitive on loss functions that are expensive to compute. In particular, CDN for logistic regression is much slower than CDN for SVM because the logistic loss involves expensive exp/log operations. In optimization, Newton methods are known to have fewer iterations although each iteration costs more. Because solving the Newton sub-problem is independent of the loss calculation, this type of methods may surpass CDN under some circumstances. In L1regularized classification, GLMNET by Friedman et al. is already a Newton-type method, but experiments in Yuan et al. (2010) indicated that the existing GLMNET implementation may face difficulties for some large-scale problems. In this paper, we propose an improved GLMNET to address some theoretical and implementation issues. In particular, as a Newton-type method, GLMNET achieves fast local convergence, but may fail to quickly obtain a useful solution. By a careful design to adjust the effort for each iteration, our method is efficient for both loosely or strictly solving the optimization problem. Experiments demonstrate that our improved GLMNET is more efficient than CDN for L1regularized logistic regression.
Moisturizing effect of cream containing Moringa oleifera (Sohajana) leaf extract by biophysical techniques: In vivo evaluation (2013)

The purpose of this present investigation is to evaluate the moisturizing effects of cosmetic creams containing extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (Sohajana) by non-invasive bioengineering techniques. The study was conducted during the winter months (October to January). A total of eleven healthy male volunteers with ages between 20 and 35 years contributed to accomplish this single blind study. The active cream and base were applied twice daily to the face (cheeks) for a period of 12 weeks. The instrumental measurements were carried out with tewameter and corneometer under a draught-free room, with controlled temperature (18.0 to 20.6°C) and relative humidity (55 to 65%). The results recommended that the assessed outcome was very well accepted, and improved skin hydration and skin barrier function by the test product. There was a significant decrease in skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and increase in skin hydration achieved when ANOVA and paired t-sample test were applied.

	 

	Key words: Moringa oleifera, extract, cream, corneometer, tewameter, moisturizer
Genetic Fusions of Heat-Labile Toxoid (LT) and Heat-Stable Toxin b (STb) of Porcine Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Elicit Protective Anti-LT and Anti-STb Antibodies (2010)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-associated diarrhea causes a substantial economic loss to swine producers worldwide. The majority of ETEC strains causing porcine diarrhea, especially postweaning diarrhea (PWD), produce heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin b (STb). LT is commonly used in vaccine development, but STb has not been included because of its poor immunogenicity. As a virulence factor in porcine diarrhea, STb needs to be included as an antigen for development of broad-spectrum vaccines. In this study, we used an LT toxoid (LT(R192G) [hereafter, LT(192)]) derived from porcine ETEC to carry a mature STb peptide for LT(192)-STb fusions to enhance STb immunogenicity for potential vaccine application. Anti-LT and anti-STb antibodies were detected in immunized rabbits and pigs. In addition, when challenged with an STb-positive ETEC strain, all 10 suckling piglets borne by immunized gilts remained healthy, whereas 7 out 9 piglets borne by unimmunized gilts developed moderate diarrhea. This study indicates that the LT(192)-STb fusion enhanced anti-STb immunogenicity and suggests the LT(192)-STb fusion antigen can be used in future vaccine development against porcine ETEC diarrhea.
Item Attributes Analysis of Computer-based Test based on IRT (2005)

The IRT (Item Response Theory) has been studied and applied in computer-based test for decades. However, almost of all these existing IRT studies pay their attentions only on test questions in text-based (or static text/graphic) type of presentation form. In this paper, The study proposed an IDEA model, develped test questions both in text-based and multimedia types of presentation form which have the same semantic meanings, and launched an experiment. This study analyzed the difference of item attributes (i.e., difficulty index, discriminatory power), item information and test score. The result indicated that the difficulty indexes of most interactive multimedia questions are less than those of their corresponding static text/graphic questions. But the static text/graphic presentation questions significantly have better discrimination power as compared with the interactive multimedia presentation questions.
<title>Electron-bombarded silicon avalanche diode PMT development</title> (1993)

A 16 mm active diameter photomultiplier tube (PMT) having an electron-bombarded silicon avalanche diode electron multiplier is shown to have promise as a replacement for PMTs with conventional discrete dynode or channel electron multipliers. Any type of conventional photocathode, e.g. uv-sensitive, bialkali or multialkali types, as well as negative electron affinity GaAs types can be used. The full potential of the high detective quantum efficiency of the GaAs cathode can be realized for the first time in a photoelectronic detector because of the nearly complete utilization of the photoelectrons. Key performance characteristics are gain to about 1E6 e/e, linear dynamic range for dc operation to about 1E6, insensitivity to strong magnetic fields, and a counting efficiency of about 80%.
Assessing community telecentres guidelines for researchers (2000)

The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the International Development Research Centre. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. A microfiche edition is available. The catalogue of IDRC Books and this publication may be consulted online
A Review of Li-ion Battery Equivalent Circuit Models (2016)

Batteries are critical components of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The connection of a battery to the power grid for charge and discharge greatly affects energy storage. Therefore, an accurate and easy-to-observe battery model should be established to achieve systematic design, simulation, and SOC (state of charge) estimations. In this review, several equivalent circuit models of representative significance are explained, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are compared to determine and outline their reasonable applications to Li-ion batteries. Numerous commonly used model parameter identification principles are summarized as well, and basic model verification methods are briefly introduced for the convenient use of such models.
Relatorio ambiental e social do Lixao de Marambaia (Environmental & social assessment for Marambaia dumpsite), Nova Iguacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2003)

This environmental and social assessment for the Brazil Nova Gerar Landfill Gas Generation Project details environmental impacts and measures how to mitigate them. Some of the adverse impacts are: soil contamination, stagnant water, air pollution, proliferation of infectious diseases (v. 1); waste disposal, increase of noise levels near urban population, gas emissions, risk of industrial accidents by the production of biogas (v. 2); and lost of vegetation and natural habitats, soil contamination, endanger of wildlife by the disposition of residues (v. 3) at the Marambaia dumpsite, Adrianopolis sanitary landfill, central waste treatment plant, and biogas generation plant at the municipality of Nova Iguacu, Rio de Janeiro. Measures for mitigation are: proper maintenance of machinery and vehicles to ensure no discharge of black smoke; issuance of safety equipment and on-site warnings to avoid risk of personal injuries, adequate final destination of waste; and operators and members of the local community will participate in an environmental educational program; drainage, proper disposal of oil and other hazardous materials.
Self-refreshing Multiple Valued Memory (2006)

This paper introduces a structure for self-refreshing multiple valued memory. The idea is to use structures having repeating patterns, to represent different saved values. Assuming a clocked repeating finite pattern, each pattern will repeat themselves after a finite number of clock pulses N, having N different phases. The values saved will be represented by both a pattern, and the phase of the pattern. The criterion for being self-refreshing is being fulfilled by resetting the pattern to a known value at least once every period. Some of these structures are quite possible to implement without a linear relation between the levels saved (radixes) and the number of transistors. This can make it competitive as memory for some certain multiple valued logic applications, being integrated between logic structures on chip
Macrophages as APC and the Dendritic Cell Myth (2008)

Dendritic cells have been considered an immune cell type that is specialized for the presentation of Ag to naive T cells. Considerable effort has been applied to separate their lineage, pathways of differentiation, and effectiveness in Ag presentation from those of macrophages. This review summarizes evidence that dendritic cells are a part of the mononuclear phagocyte system and are derived from a common precursor, responsive to the same growth factors (including CSF-1), express the same surface markers (including CD11c), and have no unique adaptation for Ag presentation that is not shared by other macrophages.
A photographical sound visualization method by using light emitting diodes. (1985)

This paper describes the sound visualization method, some results visualized actually and the comparison of the graphic expression method of the sound pressure level distribution by X-Y plotter with the photographical one. This sound visualization method is based on an idea that the beams from three colored light emitting diodes are recorded photographically on a film, which go on and off in sequence every time the sound pressure level changes by 5 dB. The actual measurement of the distribution of sound pressure level can be performed with the sound visualizing device built as a trial according to the idea. The summary of the result is ; The directivity of a sound source and the properties of the sound field, such as the distribution of sound pressure level or sound diffraction can be grasped quantitatively and clearly by the sound visualization method. Furthermore, the photographic result of the sound pressure level distribution can be obtained in more detail and a shorter time as compared with the graphic one.
PASSIVATION OF INSB INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS (2010)

Ankara : The Department of Physics and the Institute of Engineering and Sciences of Bilkent University., 2010.
Stability of oxyhemoglobin affinity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome without daytime hypoxemia (2008)

A decrease in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is considered an adaptive mechanism against tissue hypoxia. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea resulting in arterial oxygen desaturations during sleep. Maillard et al. (10) observed a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) and an increase in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration ([2,3-DPG]) in 15 patients with severe OSAHS, but some had slight daytime arterial hypoxemia while breathing room air. The aim of our study was to measure the ODC and 2,3-DPG concentrations in a group of subjects normoxemic during daytime referred to our sleep laboratory for suspicion of snoring or OSAHS. The patients were recruited during a period of 6 mo. All arterial and venous blood samples were taken early in the morning within 1 h of awakening following a full-night polysomnography. ODC and 2,3-DPG were analyzed in 88 patients: 56 OSAHS (oxygen desaturation index: 27.5 +/- 24.5) and 32 non-OSAHS. We found a significant correlation between the P50 and 2,3-DPG levels in the 88 patients: r = 0.502, P < 0.001. We observed no difference between OSAHS and non-OSAHS for the P50 and for [2,3-DPG]. There was no correlation between the severity of OSAHS and either P50 or [2,3-DPG]. Finally, there was no change in these parameters measured at baseline, after 3 days and after 1 mo of treatment by nasal continuous positive airway pressure in 7 patients with OSAHS. We conclude that patients with OSAHS who are normoxemic during daytime have comparable oxyhemoglobin affinity than nonapneic subjects.