gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Effect of diabetes mellitus and blood glucose on the size of cerebral infarction and causes of death. Neuropathological study of 77 cases of infarction in the sylvian artery area]. (1991)

The influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia on cerebral infarction has been studied on 77 patients who died of infarcts in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. The size of the infarcts was assessed by transferring the surface of the infarcted area onto 8 schematic drawings corresponding to 8 brain slices and measuring this surface by means of a planimeter. An infarction volume index (IVI) was calculated by measuring the ratio of the infarcted area to the theoretical area of the middle cerebral artery territory on the 8 slices. The causes of death were assessed by full post-mortem examination. There was no statistically significant difference in size of infarcts and causes of death between diabetics and non-diabetics. However, the stroke-to-death interval was shorter (p = 0.05) in non-diabetic patients. It appears from this study that diabetes mellitus has no deleterious effect on cerebral infarction. Equally, there were non statistically significant differences in size of infarcts, stroke-to-death interval and causes of death between patients with and without hyperglycemia.
<i>p</i> ‐Nitrobenzoyl Peroxide (2003)

Abstract p ‐nitrobenzoyl peroxide product: p ‐nitrobenzoyl peroxide product: m ‐nitrobenzoyl peroxide product: anisoyl peroxide product: p ‐bromobenzoyl peroxide product: 3,4,5‐tribromobenzoyl peroxide
Sensitivity study on interfacial closure laws in two‐fluid bubbly flow simulations (2003)

Abstract The two‐fluid formulation with closure models for interfacial forces and turbulence is applied to the evaluation of a meandering plume in a rectangular bubble column. In literature there is some discussion about how precisely the models should be in order to capture the dynamics as is observed experimentally. Furthermore, this type of flow has shown to be quite sensitive for the degree of diffusion (physical and numerical) introduced in the model equations. The focus is on the necessity and influence of certain interfacial closure models in above type of bubbly flow. The influence of the drag, turbulent diffusive, and added mass force will be highlighted. TVD schemes are used for the computations to obtain accurate results against low costs, that is, coarse grid approximation and to reduce the amount of numerical diffusion as much as possible. Still these schemes have to be “tuned” in their properties in order to obtain the desired accuracy. Nonproper choice of certain parameters, that is, “flux‐limiters” introduces errors in the final solution, with the same order of magnitude as physical phenomenon, which are introduced by interfacial forces.
Spectroscopic performance of the DePMOS detector/amplifier device with respect to different filtering techniques and operating conditions (2006)

A DePMOS structure provides detection and amplification jointly, and it is free of interconnection stray capacitance. To fully exploit the intrinsic low noise of the device an electrical model has been developed. The most relevant parameters have been measured in order to choose an adequate readout electronics. DePMOS can operate in continuous mode, i.e., without applying any clear pulse during the signal processing, and can be read out by a time-continuous shaper amplifier. An unequalled noise of 2.2 electrons rms at room temperature has been measured. In this mode DePMOS can be used, for example, as the readout device for silicon drift detectors. Anyway , DePMOS was developed to be the basic element of an active pixel sensor suitable to cope with the requirements of the XEUS Wide Field Imager. In a matrix arrangement, each pixel must be read out by a time-variant filter. A multichannel integrated shaping amplifier, based on multicorrelated double sampling, has been designed. Spectroscopic resolution obtained filtering the pixel matrix with this readout chip is in agreement with measurements in continuous mode and matches the predictions of the model presented. It has also been experimentally proved that the clear procedure does not introduce additional noise contribution, even in the very low noise range achieved. This qualifies DePMOS as a "reset-noise-free" device
DryadLINQ for Scientific Analyses (2009)

Applying high level parallel runtimes to data/compute intensive applications is becoming increasingly common. The simplicity of the MapReduce programming model and the availability of open source MapReduce runtimes such as Hadoop, are attracting more users to the MapReduce programming model. Microsoft has released DryadLINQ for academic use, allowing users to experience a new programming model and a runtime that is capable of performing large scale data/compute intensive analyses. In this paper, we present our experience in applying DryadLINQ for a series of scientific data analysis applications, identify their mapping to the DryadLINQ programming model, and compare their performances with Hadoop implementations of the same applications.
Inflammation in COPD (2011)

COPD is associated with a chronic inflammation of the airways and lung parenchyma, characterised by increased numbers of neutrophils, activated macrophages and activated T-lymphocytes (Tc1 and Th1 cells). The inflammation in COPD lungs is amplified compared with that seen in normal smokers and the molecular basis for this amplification are now better understood, providing novel targets for future therapies. Macrophages are markedly increased in COPD and these cells play a key role in recruiting other inflammatory cells and in releasing mediators and proteases. Macrophages in the lung are recruited from circulating monocytes by chemotactic factors, such as CXCL1 and CCL2. The inflammatory changes in COPD are due to the release of multiple inflammatory mediators, including lipid mediators, cytokines and chemokines. Activated macrophages and neutrophils release elastolytic enzymes, particularly MMP-9, that result in emphysema. In addition, Tc1 cells may induce the destruction of alveolar cells to promote emphysema. Small airway narrowing and fibrosis appear to be the major mechanism contributing to airflow limitation and air trapping, but the mechanisms of fibrosis are poorly understood. In sharp contrast to asthma, the inflammation in COPD shows little response to corticosteroids. This steroid resistance may be explained by reduced activity of a key nuclear enzyme histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2), which also accounts for the amplified inflammation in COPD. HDAC2 is reduced by oxidative stress through the activation of phosphoinisitide-3-kinase-δ (PI3K-δ). Low concentrations of theophylline restore the low levels of HDAC2 levels in COPD macrophages to normal and reverse steroid resistance in vitro and in vivo by blocking PI3K-δ. These studies may lead to new therapeutic approaches with the use of low dose theophylline and in the future PI3K-δ selective inhibitors to reverse corticosteroid resistance.
TECRA: C2 application of adaptive automation theory (2010)

This paper describes the design and initial positive evaluation of a prototype adaptive automation system to create an enhanced command and control (C2) infrastructure for more effective operation of unmanned vehicles. Our main project objective is to apply recent advances in cognitive engineering and display automation to create Technology for Enhanced Command and Control of Small Robotic Assets (TECRA). The initial goal is an enhanced C2 system for small unmanned aircraft vehicles (SUAVs). Our approach is to use adaptive display technology to improve shared situation awareness between the SUAV Commander and the SUAV Operator, to provide new channels of Commander-Operator communication, and to reduce Commander workload. At the core of our approach is a tri-modal adaptive interface display which involves adaptive information presentation in order to balance workload and to promote effective humansystem performance. This novel design came about as a direct result of field observations during a full-scale military exercise and a cognitive task analysis (CTA) based on these observations. Using the CTA, we designed the basic Commander's adaptive interface format and automated triggering methods. A priori GOMS analysis predicted a 50% decrease in time on task, based on a subset of representative tasks. Data collection to date supports these predictions. Furthermore, feedback from subject matter experts and comparisons between user performance on TECRA versus an existing SUAV platform suggests that TECRA is easier to use, quicker to learn, and provides more capabilities to the user than current systems. These results demonstrate how the TECRA application driven by a cognitive analysis of the Commander's task, by a mission model of the anticipated Commander's needs, and by mission templates and real-time robotic data has been able to validate theories of human-automation interaction in realworld domains such as unmanned aviation and military command and control.
A CONSTRUCTIVE NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHM FOR FUNCTION APPROXIMATION USING LOCALLY FIT SIGMOIDS (1998)

A study of the function approximation capabilities of single hidden layer neural networks strongly motivates the investigation of constructive learning techniques as a means of realizing established error bounds. Learning characteristics employed by constructive algorithms provide ideas for development of new algorithms applicable to the function approximation problem. In addition, constructive techniques offer efficient methods for network construction and weight determination. The development of a novel neural network algorithm, the Constructive Locally Fit Sigmoids (CLFS) function approximation algorithm, is presented in detail. Basis functions of global extent (piecewise linear sigmoidal functions) are locally fit to the target function, resulting in a pool of candidate hidden layer nodes from which a function approximation is obtained. This algorithm provides a methodology of selecting nodes in a meaningful way from the infinite set of possibilities and synthesizes an n node single hidden layer network with empirical and analytical results that strongly indicate an O(1/n) mean squared training error bound under certain assumptions. The algorithm operates in polynomial time in the number of network nodes and the input dimension. Empirical results demonstrate its effectiveness on several multidimensional function approximate problems relative to contemporary constructive and nonconstructive algorithms.
Self-organizing intelligence for cellular robotic system 'CEBOT' with genetic knowledge production algorithm (2003)

The authors propose a genetic knowledge production algorithm (GKPA) for CEBOT, in order to realize a self-organizing and self-evolutionary knowledge system. They propose a new kind of distributed intelligence system which is based on the concept of CEBOT employing the GKPA. This proposed intelligence system has capabilities of learning, reasoning, and self-organizing. This system consists of various kinds of intelligence units called knowledge-cells. As an example of the applications of the self-organizing intelligence, a robotic manipulator capable of learning and reasoning has been made from the CEBOT concept by installing the intelligence system with GKPA in the manipulator. The knowledge acquisition ability of the manipulator is demonstrated by experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveal mTORC1 Activates de Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis (2013)

The Ser-Thr kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell growth and metabolism by stimulating glycolysis and synthesis of proteins and lipids. To further understand the central role of mTOR in cell physiology, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify substrates or downstream effectors of the two mTOR complexes. mTOR controlled the phosphorylation of 335 proteins, including CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase). CAD catalyzes the first three steps in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. mTORC1 indirectly phosphorylated CAD-S1859 through S6 kinase (S6K). CAD-S1859 phosphorylation promoted CAD oligomerization and thereby stimulated de novo synthesis of pyrimidines and progression through S phase of the cell cycle in mammalian cells. Thus, mTORC1 also stimulates the synthesis of nucleotides to control cell proliferation.
Mechanistic Analyses of Catalysis in Human Pancreatic α-Amylase:  Detailed Kinetic and Structural Studies of Mutants of Three Conserved Carboxylic Acids (2002)

The roles of three conserved active site carboxylic acids (D197, E233, and D300) in the catalytic mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) were studied by utilizing site-directed mutagenesis in combination with structural and kinetic analyses of the resultant enzymes. All three residues were mutated to both alanine and the respective amide, and a double alanine mutant (E233A/D300A) was also generated. Structural analyses demonstrated that there were no significant differences in global fold for the mutant enzymes. Kinetic analyses were performed on the mutants, utilizing a range of substrates. All results suggested that D197 was the nucleophile, as virtually all activity (>10(5)-fold decrease in k(cat) values) was lost for the enzymes mutated at this position when assayed with several substrates. The significantly greater second-order rate constant of E233 mutants on "activated" substrates (k(cat)/K(m) value for alpha-maltotriosyl fluoride = 15 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1)) compared with "unactivated" substrates (k(cat)/K(m) value for maltopentaose = 0.0030 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1)) strongly suggested that E233 is the general acid catalyst, as did the pH-activity profiles. Transglycosylation was favored over hydrolysis for the reactions of several of the enzymes mutated at D300. At the least, this suggests an overall impairment of the catalytic mechanism where the reaction then proceeds using the better acceptor (oligosaccharide instead of water). This may also suggest that D300 plays a crucial role in enzymic interactions with the nucleophilic water during the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond.
LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF SYNGENEIC ISLET GRAFTS IN BCG-TREATED DIABETIC NOD MICE CAN BE REVERSED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (1995)

Lakey, Jonathan R.T.3; Singh, Bhagirath4; Warnock, Garth L.3; Elliott, John F.5; Rajotte, Ray V.3,6 Author Information
DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNOCELLULAR FUNTION IN SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN (1995)

Barnard, Natasha BOptom; Crewther, Sheila PhD; Crewther, David PhD; Klistorner, Alexander BMed Author Information
Promoter Hypermethylation in Benign Breast Epithelium in Relation to Predicted Breast Cancer Risk (2005)

Since cyclin D2 promoter methylation occurs almost exclusively in tumors, it may be possible to exploit it for the early detection of breast cancer. Promoter methylation of APC, RARbeta2, and RASSF1A in benign breast epithelium is associated with epidemiologic markers of increased breast cancer risk.
Best Practices for Telemedicine Programs (2010)

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a statewide telemedicine and eHealth program in California and its impact on reducing barriers to health services for rural and underserved populations. Methods: Data were collected via surveys, site visits, document reviews, and informal interviews over a four-year period by an external evaluation team. Results: Medical consultations in 33 medical specialties were provided in 22 counties. Patients and providers were satisfied with telemedicine services, and the technical support and education provided was rated as being of high quality. Many policies and barriers exist that impede full deployment and sustainability of telemedicine programs. Provider recruitment is a challenge; consumer demand was lower than expected. Trial and error for program planning and implementation was the norm for this pioneering effort. Although technological and communicative networking among the grantees was initially minimal, it increased over time. Conclusions: Telemedicine can improve access to medical care for people who reside in rural populations and underserved markets. We speculate that a systematic statewide telemedicine program with a few regional telemedicine centers may be a better approach than numerous stand-alone programs.
Analysis of dorsal column stimulation (1988)

Computation of field potentials and activating functions in an infinite, homogeneous medium was carried out as a first approach to investigating the effect of several electrode combinations on nerve fibers with different orientations in the spinal cord. The cervical spinal cord and its surrounding tissues were then modeled as an inhomogeneous, anisotropic volume conductor. It was concluded that cathodal stimulation, medio-dorsally in the epidural space, can recruit longitudinal fibers, but may block dorso-ventral ones. With anodal stimulation the opposite will occur. The main parameters that effect the potential distribution in the dorsal columns are the width of the subarachnoid space and inhomogeneities in the epidural space near the electrodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacteriolysis by a Species of Streptomyces (1951)

SUMMARY: The lysis of dead Bacterium coli by concentrates prepared from filtrates of a Streptomyces sp. is probably due to proteolysis. In any event the lysis can be accounted for by proteolysis, even if the action of other bacteriolytic enzymes cannot be excluded. The streptomyces preparation contains at least two proteolytic enzymes, one digesting casein and the other digesting protein(s) present in Bact. coli. The substrates of the autolytie enzymes of Bact. coli are probably different from those of the streptomyces enzymes.
Ion-Acoustic Shock Waves Formed with Landau Damping (2003)

Ion‐acoustic shock waves have been investigated experimentally in a double‐plasma device. An initial step signal with a ramp shape steepens to form oscillations at the leading part due to dispersion. The wave becomes an oscillatory shock wave when hydrogen gas is mixed in the Ar plasma to increase the Landau damping and when the density nH2 of H2+ ions is smaller than a critical value. When nH2 is larger than the critical value, a monotonic shock is formed.
A Dynamic CT Image Reconstruction Method by Inducing Prior Information from PCA Analysis (2009)

Under-sampling and insufficient data result in a big challenge in the reconstruction of x-ray computed tomographic (CT) images. In addition, patient's respiratory motion also deteriorates this reconstruction process as it normally leads to blurred outputs. In this work, we propose an iterative method with a combination of total variation (TV) regularization and principle component analysis (PCA) regularization. Partial prior knowledge of the CT images, obtained through PCA analysis of training images is incorporated in the reconstruction process. Numerical experiments are performed in the context of a fan-beam CT reconstruction, which shows advantages of our method over the ones with just TV regularization or just PCA regularization.
Biocatalytic Selective Modifications of Conventional Nucleosides, Carbocyclic Nucleosides, and <i>C</i>-Nucleosides (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiocatalytic Selective Modifications of Conventional Nucleosides, Carbocyclic Nucleosides, and C-NucleosidesMiguel Ferrero and Vicente GotorView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071-Oviedo, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 12, 4319–4348Publication Date (Web):November 10, 2000Publication History Received2 August 2000Published online10 November 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000446yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000446yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2856Altmetric-Citations300LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrolysis,Nucleic acids,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Algebras Based on Linear Functions (1954)

Introduction. In studying the structures of certain algebras, one often finds it convenient to construct an auxiliary algebra by defining a new multiplication among the elements of the original algebra in terms of the original multiplication. In this paper we shall give such a constructioninterms of linear functions and shall determine the conditions on these linear functions in order that the resulting algebras shall be of certain types.
Dissociated methanol Citation. Final report (1984)

A system to vaporize and dissociate methanol on board an automobile was designed and fabricated. It was then integrated with a 2.5 liter, 4-cylinder engine for testing on an engine dynamometer. Engine dynamometer tests showed significant thermal efficiency advantage over gasoline at all speed-load points. At low speed and light load, which are typical operating conditions for passenger car engines, the fuel economy improvements were largest. The system was then modified slightly and installed in a 1980 Chevrolet Citation automobile, making it the first vehicle of its type in the world. Fuel economy improvements over baseline gasoline operation are high. Fuel economies of 13.3 km/L (31.3 mpg) and 11.4 km/L (26.8 mpg) were obtained at steady speed road load conditions of 65 km/h and 90 km/h, respectively. Methanol fuel economy over the EPA '74 CVS hot start city driving cycle was 7.74 km/L (18.2 mpg). Methanol fuel economy over the EPA highway fuel economy test was 10.2 km/L (24.0 mpg). We conclude that the dissociation of methanol on board a vehicle is technically feasible. Tests of the first prototype have documented very large improvements in energy economy relative to gasoline. Considerable research is still required before a decision can bemore » made as to the extent of its advantages over liquid methanol. 19 references, 27 figures, 16 tables.« less