gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NY-ESO-1 as a predictive and prognostic marker in NSCLC. (2012)

e17539 Background: Cancer-testis antigens (CTAgs) have previously been shown to be markers of poor prognosis and to be associated with chemoresistance in short interference RNA screens. In contradistinction, we recently reported the CTAg NY-ESO-1 predicted improved responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pathological stage IIIA NSCLC. Despite this, no significant survival benefit was seen in NY-ESO-1 positive (NY-ESO-1+) patients. Given that tissues available for staining in the neoadjuvant setting were limited, we investigated a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent curative surgery for pathological N2 disease. As some of these patients were operated on prior to the broad acceptance of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), half did not receive chemotherapy. We investigated NY-ESO-1 as a prognostic and/or predictive marker in these patients. Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were reviewed and stained using standard methods for a panel of CTAgs including NY-ESO-1 by immunohistochemistry. Tumors were categorized as NY-ESO-1+ or NY-ESO-1-. Isolated DNA was subjected to mutation profiling using Sequenom’s MassArray platform. Molecular markers were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. Results: NY-ESO-1 stained 26/104 (25%) samples, including 15 cases that received ACT and 11 that did not. NY-ESO-1+ tumors were enriched for squamous cell carcinomas over adenocarcinomas (12/29 vs. 8/57; p = 0.01). They also lacked EGFR mutants and were enriched for KRAS mutants amongst adenocarcinomas relative to NY-ESO-1- tumors (5/8 vs. 9/49; p=0.02). NY-ESO-1+ patients who did not receive ACT had significantly worse outcome than NY-ESO-1- patients who did not receive ACT (HR 2.66 1.2-5.86, p=0.01). Median survival favored NY-ESO-1+ patients who received chemotherapy (37.7 months) compared to NY-ESO-1- patients regardless of chemotherapy (28.2 ACT vs 15.7 No ACT; p= 0.25) and NY-ESO-1+ patients who did not receive ACT (7.75). Conclusions: In this dataset, NY-ESO-1 was poorly prognostic but also predictive for more favorable outcomes with chemotherapy. These data support our previous observation of increased responses to chemotherapy in NY-ESO-1+ N2 patients and warrant further study.
Art for Books (1944)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsPhilip JamesArt Director of the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts, who arranged the Exhibition of Book Illustration since 1800 now concluding at the National Gallery and shortly to be shown at York and Bristol, and probably Birmingham, Newcastle, Luton and Leicester.
Thulium channel waveguide laser with 16  W of output power and ∼80% slope efficiency (2014)

Laser experiments were performed on buried, ridge-type channel waveguides in 8 at.% thulium-doped, yttrium-gadolinium-lutetium co-doped potassium double tungstate. By pumping with a Ti:sapphire laser at 794 nm, 1.6 W of output power at 1.84 μm with a maximum slope efficiency of ∼80% was obtained in a laser resonator with a high output-coupling degree of 89%. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the most efficient 2-μm channel waveguide laser to date.
Redox\nActivity and Nano–Bio Interactions Determine\nthe Skin Injury Potential of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>‑Based\nMetal Oxide Nanoparticles toward Zebrafish (2020)

Redox-active\nmetal oxide nanoparticles show varying oxidizing capacities\nand injury potentials toward biological systems. Here, two metal oxide\nlibraries including transition-metal-doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and PdO-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with strong chemical contacts\nwere design-synthesized and used to investigate their biological injury\npotential and mechanisms using zebrafish as a model organism. Among\ndifferent dopants, Cu significantly increased the oxidizing capacity\nof Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. An increased amount of PdO resulted\nin higher density of heterojunctions, which also led to higher oxidizing\ncapacity. The oxidizing capacity of these nanoparticles was positively\ncorrelated with higher mortality of dechorionated embryos and severe\nlarval skin injury upon exposure. Using transgenic zebrafish <i>Tg</i>(<i>LysC</i>:eGFP), we show in real time that\nthe redox-active nanoparticles induced skin injury and activated the\ninfiltration of immune cells. Such inflammatory response was confirmed\nby the increased mRNA expression level of <i>Nrf2a, HO-1</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>IL-6</i> genes.\nAlthough the exposure to the nanoparticles alone was not lethal, the\nskin injury did lower the tolerance level against other environmental\ncontaminants. More importantly, after withdrawing from the nanoparticle\nexposure, larvae with skin injury could recover within 24 h in uncontaminated\nmedium, indicating such injury was transient and recoverable.
Molecularly specific detection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection of the bone (2018)

Discriminating sterile inflammation from infection, especially in cases of aseptic loosening versus an actual prosthetic joint infection, is challenging and has significant treatment implications. Our goal was to evaluate a novel human monoclonal antibody (mAb) probe directed against the Gram-positive bacterial surface molecule lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Specificity and affinity were assessed in vitro. We then radiolabeled the anti-LTA mAb and evaluated its effectiveness as a diagnostic imaging tool for detecting infection via immunoPET imaging in an in vivo mouse model of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). In vitro and ex vivo binding of the anti-LTA mAb to pathogenic bacteria was measured with Octet, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The in vivo PJI mouse model was assessed using traditional imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET) with [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG and [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF as well as X-ray computed tomography (CT), before being evaluated with the zirconium-89-labeled antibody specific for LTA ([<sup>89</sup>Zr]SAC55). The anti-LTA mAb exhibited specific binding in vitro to LTA-expressing bacteria. Results from imaging showed that our model could reliably simulate infection at the surgical site by bioluminescent imaging, conventional PET tracer imaging, and bone morphological changes by CT. One day following injection of both the radiolabeled anti-LTA and isotype control antibodies, the anti-LTA antibody demonstrated significantly greater (<i>P</i> < 0.05) uptake at <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i>-infected prosthesis sites over either the same antibody at sterile prosthesis sites or of control non-specific antibody at infected prosthesis sites. Taken together, the radiolabeled anti-LTA mAb, [<sup>89</sup>Zr]SAC55, may serve as a valuable diagnostic molecular imaging probe to help distinguish between sterile inflammation and infection in the setting of PJI. Future studies are needed to determine whether these findings will translate to human PJI.
Real-Time fMRI (2011)

Real-time fMRI permits simultaneous measurement and observation of brain activity during an ongoing task. One of the most challenging applications of real-time fMRI in neuroscientific and clinical research is the possibility of acquiring volitional control of localized brain activity using real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback protocols. Real-time fMRI allows the experimenter to noninvasively manipulate brain activity as an independent variable to observe the effects on behavior. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback studies demonstrated that learned control of the local brain activity leads to specific changes in behavior. Here, the authors describe the implementation and application of real-time fMRI with particular emphasis on the self-regulation of local brain activity and the investigation of brain-function relationships. Real-time fMRI represents a promising new approach to cognitive neuroscience that could complement traditional neuroimaging techniques by providing more causal insights into the functional role of circumscribed brain regions in behavior.
New Applications of Crown Ethers. X. 13C NMR Relaxation Times Study of Cation-Binding Behavior of Monoazacrown Ethers and Bis(monoazacrown ether)s (1990)

Abstract 13C NMR relaxation times (T1s) have been determined for monoazacrown ethers (CA15C5 and CA18C6) and bis(monoazacrown ether)s (BCA15C5, BCA18C6, BOA15C5, and BOA18C6) in the absence and presence of Na+and K+ ions. For the monoazacrown ethers with heptyl side chain and the bis(monoazacrown ether)s with pentamethylene bridge chain marked changes in T1 values are observed upon the complexation, and the changes are dependent on the cation and on the structure of the ligands. The complexation with Na+ ion can give a larger effect on the T1 values for the bis(monoazacrown ether)s of 15- and 18-membered rings, especially on the mobility of the bridging chain carbons, which is indicative of the formation of an intramolecular sandwich complex. On the other hand, the present T1 study again shows the prominent effect of the oxygen in the bridging chain on the complexation of BOA15C5 and BOA18C6. Small differences in T1 values obtained between Na+ complexes and K+ complexes of these two bis(crown ether)s suggest that the complexes take an analogous partial structure for the two cations.
SEX EXPRESSION, BREEDING SYSTEM, AND POLLEN BIOLOGY OF RICINOCARPOS PINIFOLIUS: A CASE OF ANDRODIOECY? (1989)

A population of 54 Ricinocarpos pinifolius (Euphorbiaceae) plants contained male plants, which produced only staminate flowers, and hermaphrodites, which produced staminate and pistillate flowers. The fraction of pistillate flowers ranged continuously from 0 to 0.68. Insect pollination was effective and fruit set virtually complete except for losses to herbivores. Self pollen, outcross pollen from male plants, and outcross pollen from hermaphrodites were all equivalent in viability, germination, tube growth, ovule penetration, and fruit setting ability. Inbreeding depression was manifested as late abortion of some selfed seeds. Geitonogamous selfing is largely prevented by temporal separation of male and female functions within plants. This temporal separation, combined with population‐wide synchrony of flowering, may create unusual conditions allowing male plants at low frequency to match hermaphrodites in reproductive success.
The Influence of Lubricant Upon EHD Film Behavior During Sudden Halting of Motion (2000)

Abstract Although steady state elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication is quite well understood both from the theoretical and from the experimental point of view, studies of transient effects in EHD are currently far less developed. This paper describes an experimental investigation into EHD film behavior during sudden halting of motion. A technique has been devised which enables both central lubricant film thickness and film thickness profiles to be measured every millisecond during halting of a ball on flat, sliding contact. This has enabled detailed information of influence of lubricant on film collapse during halting to be obtained. It is shown that film collapse occurs in two stages. The first is a very rapid reduction in film thickness with only very small changes in film geometry and thus pressure distribution. This is followed, as soon as entrainment ceases, by the formation of a lubricant entrapment, and subsequent slow leakage of fluid from the central film region. This paper focussed on the formation of this entrapment and the influence of the rheological properties of the lubricant, i.e. viscosity and pressure-viscosity coefficient, on its development and behavior. Presented at the 54th Annual Meeting Las Vegas, Nevada May 23–27, 1999 KEY WORDS: Elastohydrodynamic LubricationNon-SteadyTransientSqueezeDeceleration Notes Presented at the 54th Annual Meeting Las Vegas, Nevada May 23–27, 1999
cis-1,5-Diaminocyclooctane: the most basic gaseous primary amine? (2003)

The gas phase basicity of the title compound has been determined to be greater than that of putrescine, making it the most basic primary diamine measured to date.
Use of an islet cell antibody assay to identify type 1 diabetic patients with rapid decrease in C-peptide levels after clinical onset. Belgian Diabetes Registry. (2000)

Young age at diagnosis and high-titer ICA identify a group of type 1 diabetic patients at high risk of rapidly losing residual beta-cell function. Using these selection criteria, it is possible to better target beta-cell-preserving interventions to patients with or without such rapid progression, depending on the nature of the tested substance. The ICA assay measures clinically relevant antibodies not detected in antibody assays that use recombinant human autoantigens for substrate.
Turbo equalization of multilevel coded QAM (2003)

A turbo-equalization technique is presented for transmissions, where QAM constellations are constructed via block-partitioning as linear combinations of rotated, separately channel-coded BPSK components. The multilevel encoded QAM can be decoded with multistage decoding level-by-level. Iterative equalization and multistage decoding is performed via soft interference cancellation and MMSE equalization followed by soft-in-soft-out channel decoders. Due to binary channel codes both the equalizer and decoder can operate with binary likelihood values without requiring symbol/bit conversion. The resulting scheme is suitable for robust transmission when the transmitter has little or no knowledge of channel quality.
Ultralow doses of yasopressin in the management of diabetes insipidus (1987)

Management of postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) frequently requires intermittent treatment with multiple subcutaneous injections of pituitrin or vasopressin, in doses averaging 20 IU/24 h. Use of a syringe pump for a continuous infusion of ultralow doses of pituitrin produced uniform, constant, and sustained reduction of urinary output, thus facilitating regular fluid replacement. Twelve patients with postoperative DI received iv pituitrin at a dose of 1.6 +/- 0.26 mIU/kg X h (1 to 2 IU/24 h). The antidiuretic effect began at the third hour of treatment, peaked by the sixth hour (diuresis of 37 ml/h, specific gravity of 1.018 +/- 0.002), and was sustained throughout infusion. Polyuria recurred 3 h after the infusion was discontinued; this rapid reversibility is highly advantageous when excessive fluid intake causes overhydration. Pressor effects were not observed during the treatment period.
Softening of organic matter in shales at reservoir temperatures (2016)

The elastic modulus of organic matter can strongly influence the mechanical behaviour of source rocks. Although recent advances have shed crucial light on the mechanical properties of natural organic matter under ambient conditions, the elastic properties of kerogen and bitumen at reservoir temperatures remain poorly constrained. In this paper, we use a novel atomic force microscope technique to measure the changes to organic matter during the heating of an organic-rich shale. Our measurements show that bitumen becomes more compliant with heating and in an experiment during which the temperature was increased from 25 to 225°C, the reduced elastic modulus dropped from 6.3 to 0.8 GPa. In contrast to bitumen, we were unable to discern any significant changes to the elastic modulus of kerogen with increasing temperature. Our results suggest that the temperature dependence of the elastic properties could be used as an additional method to differentiate between bitumen and kerogen in shales. Moreover, our analysis indicates that temperature should be taken into account when modelling the elastic properties of bitumen under reservoir conditions.
Oxygen-Alkali Treatment of Kraft Pulp and Cellobiitol. Model Experiments and Applied Studies of Interest for Oxygen Bleaching (1992)

During oxygen delignification of kraft pulp the alkalinity has a decisive influence upon the selectivity, defined as viscosity at a given kappa number. Using 0.2% pulp consistency in order to achieve constant pH-levels a minimum selectivity was reached at pH 13, corresponding to 0.1 M NaOH. At higher pH-levels the selectivity increased and the yield decreased. By lowering the pH the selectivity and the yield increased. With Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> as active alkali the selectivity increased with decreasing alkalinity. <p> Additions of large amounts of magnesium converted the alkali to Mg(OH)<sub2</sub>. This led to a lowered pH and increased wet combustion of dissolved organic substances, generating alkali. Both the delignification and the depolymerization rates decreased, mainly due to the lowered pH. An improved selectivity was achieved. <p> At 0.1 M NaOH the addition of kraft lignin or spent bleach liquors resulted in a markedly decreased pH and improved selectivity. Higher alkalinities or injection of alkali in order to maintain a constant pH-level decreased the selectivity. <p> Additions of aniline or dimethyl aniline improved the selectivity significantly without negative effects on the delignification rate. This improvement was additional to the protective effect of magnesium. <p> In oxygen-alkali treatments of cellobiitol, a model substance for cellulose, addition of manganese(II) was found to exert protective as well as degrading effects, depending on the addition level of manganese, the purity, the temperature and the alkalinity of the system. The concentration at which the net manganese effect turned from retardation to promotion of the oxidation was lower the higher the purity of the system. The protective effect of manganese was different to that of magnesium. Magnesium compounds stabilized peroxide formed while manganese promoted its decomposition. Magnesium added to the system of the highest purity containing 10 mg/L manganese had a small but significant increasing effect on the degradation rate of cellobiitol. <p> Iron and copper additions exerted catalytic effects on cellobiitol. Copper added to a system containing iron suppressed the catalytic effect of iron. Manganese, 10 mg/L, substantially decreased the catalytic effects of iron or copper or both.
Risk assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds in the holy city of Makkah (2012)

Millions of pilgrims arrive in Makkah every year to perform Hajj and/or Umrah. The increase of pilgrim numbers is accompanied by the increase of their daily activities as well as the increase in the demands of transportation means. Consequently, considerable quantities of either gaseous or solid pollutants are emitted to the atmosphere. The present study focuses on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) where there is a lack of studying VOCs as air toxins and it is considered as the first of its kind in Saudi Arabia. The goals of the current work aimed to: I) develop adequate air monitoring technology (methodology) for VOCs; II) assess the life time of cancer and non-cancer risk; and III) enhance research capacity on VOCs air pollution and health risk analysis.
ALF: a facility for x-ray lithography II--a progress report (1992)

In our previous paper which we presented here two years ago, we described the ALF (Advanced Lithography Facility), IBM's new facility for X-ray lithography which was built as an addition to the Advanced Semiconductor Technology Center at IBM's semiconductor plant in Hopewell Jct., NY. At that time, we described the structure, its utilities, facilities and special features such as the radiation shielding, control room, clean room and vibration resistant design. The building has been completed and occupied. By the time this paper is presented the storage ring will be commissioned, the clean room occupied, and two beamlines with one stepper operational. In this paper we will review the successful completion of the facility with its associated hardware. The installation of the synchrotron will be described elsewhere. We will also discuss the first measurements of vibration, clean room cleanliness and the effectiveness of the radiation shielding. The ALF was completed on schedule and cost objectives were met. This is attributed to careful planning, close cooperation among all the parties involved from the technical team in IBM Research, the system vendor (Oxford Instruments of Oxford England) to the many contractors and subcontractors and to strong support from IBM senior management. All the planned building specifications were met and the facility has come on-line with a minimum of problems. Most important, the initial measurements show that the radiation shielding plan is sound and that with a few modifications the dose limit of 10% of background will be met. Any concerns about an electron accelerator and synchrotron in an industrial setting have been eliminated.
Electric Motor Thermal Management RD NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) (2015)

Thermal constraints place significant limitations on how electric motors ultimately perform. Without the ability to remove heat, the motor cannot operate without sacrificing performance, efficiency, and reliability. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics modeling approaches are being increasingly utilized in the design and analysis of electric motors. As the models become more sophisticated, it is important to have detailed and accurate knowledge of both the passive thermal performance and the active cooling performance. In this work, we provide an overview of research characterizing both passive and active thermal elements related to electric motor thermal management. To better characterize the passive thermal performance, work is being performed to measure motor material thermal properties and thermal contact resistances. The active cooling performance of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) jets is also being measured to better understand the heat transfer coefficients of ATF impinging on motor copper windings.
Genetics of Maize-<i>Tripsacum</i>Introgression (1978)

SUMMARYAfter backcrossing with maize, a 46-chromosome intergeneric hybrid between Zea mays L. and Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (2 n=72) gave rise to cytologically and morphologically variable populations. Twenty-chromosome offspring derived from different cytological pathways from the F1 to recovered maize were studied. No Tripsacum chromosome insertions to maize were identified by studying pachytene configurations. Ten of 20 lines had significantly reduced chiasmata frequences as compared to F1 hybrids between standard maize genetic stocks and the recovered maize lines. Six linkage groups on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 9 were analyzed. Significant decreases in crossing over were observed for the 1g1—- g12 linkage group of chromosome 2 and for the su1—- g13 group of chromosome 4. The linkage groups g12—- V4 of chromosome 2 and o2—- g11 of chromosome 7 showed increasing crossing over trends for all recovered maize lines. Few significant increases or reductions were observed for the yg2—- g115 and g115—- bm4 groups of chromosome 9. All morphologically tripsacoid lines had significantly altered crossing over frequencies from check plants while only eight of the 14 nontripsacoid lines were significant. Tripsacum introgression is believed to be the cause of decreased chiasmata frequencies and linkage relationships.
Potassium Yttrium Hexaniobium Octadecachloride, KYNb<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>18</sub>. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.