gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful Closure of Anal Cancer-Related Fistulas With Upfront Intra-arterial Chemotherapy: a Report of 8 Cases (2011)

Upfront intra-arterial chemotherapy is a promising strategy to close anal cancer-related fistulas before initiating chemoradiation, potentially obviating the need for hazardous reconstructive surgery after radiotherapy.
PRL Modulates Cell Cycle Regulators in Mammary Tumor Epithelial Cells (2002)

PRL is essential for normal lobulo-alveolar growth of the mammary gland and may contribute to mammary cancer development or progression. However, analysis of the mechanism of action of PRL in these processes is complicated by the production of PRL within mammary epithelia. To examine PRL actions in a mammary cell-specific context, we selected MCF-7 cells that lacked endogenous PRL synthesis, using PRL stimulation of interferon-gamma-activated sequence-related PRL response elements. Derived clones exhibited a greater proliferative response to PRL than control cells. To understand the mechanism, we examined, by Western analysis, levels of proteins essential for cell cycle progression as well as phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. The expression of cyclin D1, a critical regulator of the G1/S transition, was significantly increased by PRL and was associated with hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein at Ser(780). Cyclin B1 was also increased by PRL. In contrast, PRL decreased the Cip/Kip family inhibitor, p21, but not p16 or p27. These studies demonstrate that PRL can stimulate the cell cycle in mammary epithelia and identify specific targets in this process. This model system will enable further molecular dissection of the pathways involved in PRL-induced proliferation, increasing our understanding of this hormone and its interactions with other factors in normal and pathogenic processes.
Photodegradation and Photoprotection of Wood Surfaces (1982)

Photodegradation of southern yellow pine and its protection have been studied. Scanning electron micrographs showed that most of the cell walls on exposed transverse surfaces were separated at the middle lamella region after only 500 h of ultraviolet light irradiation. Fibers at the surface were degraded severely after 1,000 h of irradiation. Half-bordered pits and bordered pits on exposed radial surfaces were severely damaged by ultraviolet light. Enlargement of pit apertures as well as loss of pit domes was observed. However, wood irradiated on tangential surfaces was quite resistant to UV irradiation; only microchecks were observed. The photodegradative effect on wood surfaces can be mitigated by treating with aqueous solutions of chromic acid or ferric chloride. Only relatively small amounts of these chemicals are needed for effective protection. Possible chemistry and mechanisms of degradation and protection are discussed.
A novel subviral agent associated with a geminivirus: The first report of a DNA satellite (1997)

Numerous plant RNA viruses have associated with them satellite (sat) RNAs that have little or no nucleotide sequence similarity to either the viral or host genomes but are completely dependent on the helper virus for replication. We report here on the discovery of a 682-nt circular DNA satellite associated with tomato leaf curl geminivirus (TLCV) infection in northern Australia. This is the first demonstration that satellite molecules are not limited to RNA viral systems. The DNA satellite (TLCV sat-DNA) is strictly dependent for replication on the helper virus replication-associated protein and is encapsidated by TLCV coat protein. It has no significant open reading frames, and it shows no significant sequence similarity to the 2766-nt helper-virus genome except for two short motifs present in separate putative stem-loop structures: TAATATTAC, which is universally conserved in all geminiviruses, and AATCGGTGTC, which is identical to a putative replication-associated protein binding motif in TLCV. Replication of TLCV sat-DNA is also supported by other taxonomically distinct geminiviruses, including tomato yellow leaf curl virus, African cassava mosaic virus, and beet curly top virus. Therefore, this unique DNA satellite does not appear to strictly conform with the requirements that dictate the specificity of interaction of geminiviral replication-associated proteins with their cognate origins as predicted by the current model of geminivirus replication.
Copper(I) substitutions. Furans from .alpha.-halo ketones (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper(I) substitutions. Furans from .alpha.-halo ketonesK. Gump, S. W. Moje, and Charles E. CastroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 25, 6770–6771Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01001a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01001a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incorporating user acceptance into usability evaluation scheme for the user interface of mobile services (2007)

As the usability of mobile services has become a critical factor of success in market, needs for established usability evaluation methodologies and realistic practices that ensure capturing usability in evaluation are increasing. From a point of user-centered design perspective, customer perceived value (CPV) has recently gained much attention from usability experts and user interface (UI) practitioners due to its important role in predicting purchase behavior and achieving sustainable competitive advantage. User perceived values on the newly introduced mobile services are diverse and rapidly changing However, there are few appropriate evaluation methods for assessing the usability of mobile services considering the CPVs. The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation scheme incorporating users' subjective values on the usability of mobile services. Based on the CPVs on mobile services from FGI, appropriate usability principles related to UI design components, CPVs from the literature were synthesized for the development of evaluation indexes in the proposed evaluation scheme. Comparing with traditional evaluation methods, it is expected that the proposed approach might enable UI practitioners to capture what users really want as well as to secure the usability of mobile services quickly and easily in the field.
Sulfonsäurederivate mehrfach substituierter Benzole und ihre biologische Aktivität (1959)

Abstract Es wird die Einwirkung von Chlorsulfonsäure auf m ‐disubstituierte Benzole untersucht und der Reaktionsverlauf der Disulfochlorierung des m ‐Chloranilins aufgeklärt. Für die Herstellung spezieller Sulfochloride bedient man sich vorteilhafterweise der Meerwein schen Diazo‐Methode. Die aus den Sulfochloriden gewonnenen Amide bzw. substituierten Amide besitzen teilweise eine ausgesprochene diuretische Aktivität. Das 4‐Chlor‐6‐amino‐benzol‐disulfonsäure‐(1.3)‐bis‐methylamid (II) zeigt besonders günstige therapeutische Eigenschaften.
The Dixon Synthesis of (-)-Nakadomarin A (2013)

(-)-Nakadomarin A 4, isolated from the sponge Amphimedon sp. off the coast of Okinawa, shows interesting antifungal and antibacterial activity. The key step in the total synthesis of 4 reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16632) by Darren J. Dixon of the University of Oxford was the diastereoselective addition of the enantiomerically pure ester 1 to the prochiral nitroalkene 2. The assembly of 2 began with the linchpin ketophosphonate 5. Alkylation of the dianion of 5 with allyl bromide followed by direct condensation of the resulting monoanion with the diacetate 6 gave 7. On exposure to aqueous acid, 7 cyclized to the furan. Oxidation of the liberated primary alcohol followed by condensation with nitromethane then completed the preparation of 2. The starting material for the synthesis of 1 was the enantiomerically pure pyroglutamate derivative 8. Sulfide displacement followed by N-alkylation with the bromide 10 delivered 11 . Oxidation followed by deprotection then set the stage for the intramolecular Julia-Kocienski cyclization, which gave 12 with the expected (eight-membered ring) high geometric control. Addition of the ester 1 to Michael acceptors proceeded across the open face of the lactam, but it was still necessary to control the face of the nitro alkene 2 to which the lactam anion added. Catalysis of the addition with the urea 13 delivered 3 with 10:1 diasterocontrol. Mannich condensation of the nitroalkane 3 with formaldehyde and the amine 14 gave the bis-lactam 15, conveniently as a single diastereomer. After free radical removal of the nitro group, it was necessary to achieve selective reduction of the δ-lactam in the presence of the γ-lactam. Low-temperature LiAlH4 was found to be effective. Direct reduction of the resulting hemiaminal with formic acid led to the monolactam 16. The hemiaminal from monoreduction of 16 was found to be unstable and sensitive to overreduction. Nevertheless, exposure of 16 to Dibal at low temperature followed by acid-mediated cyclization delivered the diamine 17. Cyclization of the free base of 17 with the first generation Grubbs catalyst gave (-)-nakadomarin A 4 as the minor component of a 40:60 Z/E mixture. Carrying out the cyclization on the camphorsulfonate salt improved the ratio to 63:37 Z/E.
Electron cyclotron heating as inverse cyclotron radiation (1973)

Microwave heating of a plasma is developed as an inverse emission process. Heating rates based on this theory show close agreement with those based on particle motion or conductivity. Thus, well-known emission theories provide a basis for determining heating rates.
Local recovery in data compression for general sources (2015)

Source coding is concerned with optimally compressing data, so that it can be reconstructed up to a specified distortion from its compressed representation. Usually, in fixed-length compression, a sequence of n symbols (from some alphabet) is encoded to a sequence of k symbols (bits). The decoder produces an estimate of the original sequence of n symbols from the encoded bits. The rate-distortion function characterizes the optimal possible rate of compression allowing a given distortion in reconstruction as n grows. This function depends on the source probability distribution. In a locally recoverable decoding, to reconstruct a single symbol, only a few compressed bits are accessed. In this paper we find the limits of local recovery for rates near the rate-distortion function. For a wide set of source distributions, we show that, it is possible to compress within ε of the rate-distortion function such the local recoverability grows as Ω(log(1/ε)); that is, in order to recover one source symbol, at least Ω(log(1/ε)) bits of the compressed symbols are queried. We also show order optimal impossibility results. Similar results are provided for lossless source coding as well.
Calculation of Eddy Current Field in the Ascending Flange for the Bushings and Tank Wall of a Large Power Transformer (2008)

The 3-D open boundary eddy current field induced by heavy current flowing in the coils and winding leads in large power transformers is calculated. The eddy current loss and local overheating problem in the tank wall and in the ascending flange of bushings are analyzed and reported in this paper. The effectiveness of a magnetic bypass plate near the coil ends for reducing the eddy current loss and local overheating in the clamp plates is discussed.
Image Analysis of Shear Banding (2008)

Plane strain compression tests were performed on Berea sandstone to investigate the mechanisms involved in the development and propagation of a shear band. Thin sections for optical microscopy and digital photographs were prepared by injecting blue-colored epoxy into failed specimens, where deformation localized and softening occurred. The digital image contained three parameters, R, B, and G, that defined the color of each pixel. The intensity of the R channel consistently differentiated the blue (epoxy-filled) pore space from the white grains composing the matrix. The areas of increased porosity did not extend beyond the tip, which was determined by the last observable intragranular microcrack. The porosity change that corresponded to the shear band was observed in areas with high densities of microcracking. Therefore, the localized porosity increase was related to the evolution of microcracks within the shear band itself.
A Program for Risk Assessment Associated with IGSCC of BWR Vessel Internals (1999)

A program is being carried out for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), to conduct an independent risk assessment of the consequences of failures initiated by intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of the reactor vessel internals of boiling water reactor (BWR) plants. The overall project objective is to assess the potential consequences and risks associated with the failure of IGSCC-susceptible BWR vessel internals, both singly and in combination with the failures of others, with specific consideration given to potential cascading and common mode effects on system performance. This paper presents a description of the overall program that is underway to modify an existing probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of the BWR/4 plant to include IGSCC-initiated failures, subsequently to complete a quantitative PRA.
Effects of Fungi Coexisting with Ceratocystis sp.on Propagation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Nematoda:Aphelenchoididae) (1991)

Effects of fungi coexisting with Ceratocystis sp., a suitable food source for the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, were investigated at 20°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. When Ceratocystis sp. and one of 5 fungal isolates of 4 genera (Trichoderma spp., Penicillium sp., Arthrobotrys sp. and Verticillium sp.) were inoculated simultaneously, PWN propagation was inhibited by all tested fungi, especially by Trichoderma sp. and Arthrobotrys sp. When Ceratocystis sp. was inoculated 1 week before the other fungi, the nematode propagation was somewhat promoted by 2 isolates of Trichoderma spp. and severely inhibited by Arthrobotrys sp.
MATCHING PATTERNS IN STRINGS SUBJECT TO MULTI-LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS (extended abstract) (1990)

SUppOBe we are given two Btringa of real numbers. The longer string is called tat and the other is called pattern. We consider problems within the following framework. SUPPOBe each symbol of the pattern was modified by any transformation which is a member in some family of transformations. Find all occurrences of the pattern in the text where the pattern may appear subject to any one of these transformations. Problems are introduced and efficient algorithms are given.
Performance of fast start-up equaliser for broadband indoor radio (2001)

High-speed TDMA wireless networks require high data rate efficiency and fast turnaround times. In dispersive multipath channels, an equaliser is needed to remove ISI from the signal. The equaliser may be trained more quickly if its taps are preloaded with initial values. The paper describes a fast start-up equaliser which uses a power ratio approximation to estimate the initial tap values. The authors report on the performance of the fast start-up equaliser on data measured in an indoor radio environment.
MOB forms (1994)

Multilevel block algorithms exploit the data locality in linear algebra operations when executed in machines with several levels in the memory hierarchy. It is shown that the family we call Multilevel Orthogonal Block (MOB) algorithms is optimal and easy to design and that using the multilevel approach produces significant performance improvements. The effect of interference in the cache, of the TLB misses, and of page faults are also considered. The multilevel block algorithms are evaluated analytically for an ideal memory system with M cache levels without interferences. Moreover, experimental results of the MOB forms in some present high performance workstations are presented.
Thermodynamic extrapolation and martensite-start temperature of substitutionally alloyed steels (1981)

AbstractAbstractThe martensite-start temperature Ms of any steel can, in principle, be calculated by balancing the driving force for nucleation ∆F Msγ→α′ against the available chemical free energy change accompanying the transformation from austenite to martensite. Calculation of the latter quantity involves the extrapolation of the free energy surfaces of austenite and ferrite into temperature regimes where they are not in thermodynamic equilibrium; several methods are available for this purpose. An advanced method of this kind is based on the Lacher and Fowler and Guggenheim formalisms, and was first applied to steels by Aaronson et al. This was subsequently corrected by Shiflet et al. and was recently modified by Bhadeshia in order better to represent martensitic transformations.
Effects of Post-Plating Reflow on Changes in Crystal Grain Size of Sn-2 mass%Bi Alloy Plating with Thermal Cycling Treatment (2010)

Changes in the grain size of tin (Sn) crystals associated with a thermal cycling treatment were investigated for layers of Sn-2 mass%Bi electroplated on Fe-42Ni substrates in order to clarify the effects of post-plating reflow. Morphology of plated surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning ion microscopy (SIM), and the Sn-grains were observed by electron beam back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Microstructures were also analyzed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in order to investigate the process of whisker formation. It was found that the Sn grains in Sn-Bi specimen are smaller than those in pure Sn specimen at the initial state of as-plating, after the reflow treatment and after the thermal cycling treatment of 1500 cycles. On the Sn-Bi specimen without a reflow treatment, short whiskers had grown after 100 cycles of thermal cycling treatment, but on those with the reflow treatment, relatively-long whiskers were formed after 500 cycles. The grain sizes increase temporarily after the reflow treatment and also after the very early stage of thermal cycling treatment, but gradually decreased with the thermal cycling treatment. The phenomenon is explained by the “deformation and recrystallization” effects of the thermal cycling treatment.
An integral approach to free-formed object modeling (2002)

Presents a new approach to free-formed object modeling from multiple range images. In most conventional approaches, successive views are registered sequentially. In contrast to the sequential approaches, we propose an integral approach which reconstructs statistically optimal object models by simultaneously aggregating all data from multiple views into a weighted least-squares (WLS) formulation. The integral approach has two components. First, a global resampling algorithm constructs partial representations of the object from individual views so that correspondences can be established among different views. The global resampling algorithm is based on the spherical attribute image (SAI) previously introduced in the context of object representation and recognition. Second, a weighted least-squares algorithm integrates resampled partial representations of multiple views, using the technique of principal component analysis with missing data (PCAMD). Experiments using real range images show that our approach is robust against noise and mismatches, and generates accurate object models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new approach in the study of the molecular and cellular events implicated in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates. (2001)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a relatively common complication of heparin therapy, results of platelet activation, via the receptor for the Fc domain of IgG (FcgammaRIIa), by heparin-dependent-antibodies, commonly directed against the heparin-platelet factor 4 (H-PF4) antigenic complex. Our strategy was to use whole blood allowing the study of leukocyte-platelet interactions. Experiments were performed with blood from healthy donors incubated with HIT patients' plasma and different concentrations of heparin. We showed that 75% of the HIT patients' plasma induced the formation of leukocyte-platelet-aggregates in a heparin-dependent-manner. The formation of leukocyte-platelet-aggregates induced by HIT plasma in the presence of heparin was (i) independent of the healthy blood donor FcgammaRIIa polymorphism, (ii) correlated with the levels of anti H-PF4 IgG antibodies contained in the patients' plasma, and to a lesser extent to anti H-PF4 IgM antibodies, and (iii) was mediated by P-selectin. This report opens new prospects in the study of the molecular and cellular events implicated in HIT.
Octadentate Oxine-Armed Bispidine Ligand for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry (2019)

In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of the octadentate bispidine ligand, H<sub>2</sub>bispox<sup>2</sup> and its complexes with medicinally useful radiometal nuclides (<sup>111</sup>In<sup>3+</sup> and <sup>177</sup>Lu<sup>3+</sup>), including their X-ray diffraction single crystal structures with the stable isotopes. <sup>111</sup>InCl<sub>3</sub> radiolabels the ligand quantitatively at ambient conditions ([L] = 10<sup>-5</sup> M, room temperature, pH 7 and 15 min) and the in vitro human serum stability assays demonstrated high stability of the [<sup>111</sup>In(bispox<sup>2</sup>)]<sup>+</sup> complex over 5 days. Moreover, the β <sup>-</sup> emitter <sup>177</sup>Lu radiolabels the ligand at 37 °C in 30 min (pH 8). These initial investigations reveal the potential of the octadentate bispidine ligand H<sub>2</sub>bispox<sup>2</sup> as a useful chelator for <sup>111</sup>In and <sup>177</sup>Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals.
Electrical properties of zinc oxide nanowires and intramolecular p–n junctions (2003)

Electrical properties of ZnO nanowires and intramolecular p–n junctions were characterized by I–V measurements. These nanowires were grown embedded in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates by vapor-phase-transport growth method. The nanowires were dense, continuous, and uniform in diameter along the length of the wires. I–V measurements showed the average resistivity of the ZnO nanowires in AAO templates was about one order of magnitude higher than that of the naked single ZnO nanowire. The p–n junctions in ZnO nanowires were fabricated by a two-step growth of ZnO with and without dopant of boron (∼1 wt %) in the source. I–V results suggested that p–n junctions in ZnO nanowires were formed by the two-step method.
Partial recovery from amnesia following bilateral surgical fornix transection is correlated with cortical plasticity (2011)

We report a case of an interventricular ependymoma which was surgically removed but also required bilateral transection of the fornices resulting in memory impairment which gradually improved. Functional MR images using a memory paradigm showed that recovery correlated with cortical plasticity involving activation of the orbitofrontal cortex and the middle temporal gyrus.