gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Complement Factor C5a and CINC-1 in Glucose Transport, Ultrafiltration, and Neutrophil Recruitment during Peritoneal Dialysis (2006)

Blockade of C5 leads to an increase in ultrafiltration, probably by a mechanism that involves a reduction in glucose transport. This effect may form a basis for improving PD efficiency in situations where high glucose transport limits ultrafiltration. Mechanisms connected to complement activation during PD may involve coagulation. Further studies of the intraperitoneal cascade systems under conditions of PD are indicated.
Structural Competition Involving G-Quadruplex DNA and Its Complement (2003)

Structural competition between the G-quadruplex, the I-motif, and the Watson-Crick duplex has been implicated for repetitive DNA sequences, but the competitive mechanism of these multistranded structures still needs to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of sequence context, cation species, and pH on duplex formation by the G-quadruplex of dG(3)(T(2)AG(3))(3) and its complement the I-motif of d(C(3)TA(2))(3)C(3), using ITC, DSC, PAGE, CD, UV, and CD stopped-flow kinetic techniques. ITC and PAGE experiments confirmed Watson-Crick duplex formation by the complementary strands. The binding constant of the two DNA strands in the presence of 10 mM Mg(2+) at pH 7.0 was shown to be 5.28 x 10(7) M(-1) at 20 degrees C, about 400 times larger than that in the presence of 100 mM Na(+) at pH 5.5. The dynamic transition traces of the duplex formation from the equimolar mixture of G-/C-rich complementary sequences were obtained at both pH 7.0 and pH 5.5. Fitting to a single-exponential function gave an observed rate of 8.06 x 10(-3) s(-1) at 20 degrees C in 10 mM Mg(2+) buffer at pH 7.0, which was about 10 times the observed rate at pH 5.5 under the same conditions. Both of the observed rates increased as temperature rose, implying that the dissociation of the single-stranded structured DNAs is the rate-limiting step for the WC duplex formation. The difference between the apparent activation energy at pH 7.0 and that at pH 5.5 reflects the fact that pH significantly influences the structural competition between the G-quadruplex, the I-motif, and the Watson-Crick duplex, which also implies a possible biological role for I-motifs in biological regulation.
Response to letter from Bernardi (2009)

Sir, we would like to thank the authors of the correspondence on our recent article published in Brain (Hicks et al. , 2009) for their interest and the points they raise for discussion. We appreciate that our article might prompt debate, especially in reference to different interpretations of mitochondrial dysfunction (Angelin et al. , 2007). This is in the context of the more general controversy regarding the role of apoptosis within the field of muscular dystrophy as a whole and the difficulties in its identification and quantification.

It was precisely our intention to focus this article on the specificity of the TMRM (tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester) assay as a measure of permeability transition …
An Efficient Energy Regeneration System for Diesel Engines (2010)

In order to further improve the fuel economy of vehicles, an efficient energy regeneration system for diesel engines is designed and constructed. An additional automatic clutch is added between the engine and the motor in a conventional ISG (Integrated Starter and Generator) system. During regenerative braking, the clutch can be disengaged and the engine braking is avoided. Control strategy is redesigned to determine the braking torque distribution and coordinate all the components. The generated electricity is increased and the fuel economy is improved. An experiment is designed to test the performance of the new energy regeneration system, and the result shows that during a regenerative braking test over 112% more electric energy can be regenerated without correcting for the fuel consumption at idle. Theoretical analysis also shows that the regenerated energy would be increased at least 63.1% for a single regenerative braking event with the new system, if we correct for the fuel consumption at idle.
Westinghouse Solid-Electrolyte Fuel Cell (1969)

Solid-electrolyte fuel batteries have been constructed. Cell dimensions have been selected to maximize the power/volume ratio. Three-cell batteries weigh 6 grams, occupy 6 cc, and produce 2.1 watts at maximum power operating around 1000°C. on hydrogen and oxygen; the current density at these conditions exceeds 750 ma./sq. cm. This performance is equivalent to 150 watts/pound and 9500 watts/cu· ft. of battery components. The measured load curves of these batteries check the predictions based on simple theory. Large power systems can be constructed by joining large numbers of optimized cells with the techniques used in constructing the three-cell batteries. Studies show that systems larger than 0.5 kilowatt can maintain their operating temperature without auxiliary heating; they will weigh less than 50 pounds/kilowatt and occupy less than 0.3 cu. ft./kilowatt.
Formation of Regular Wormlike Patterns by DewettingAqueous Dispersions of Halloysite Nanotubes (2020)

The
wormlike micropatterns were elaborated by drying halloysite
clay nanotube dispersions placed between two horizontal glass slides.
This 0.1–0.2 mm thick confined space induces the fractal self-assembly
of charged nanotubes governed by water evaporation and flow directions.
The wriggled stripe clay patterns were formed both on the upper and
bottom glass surfaces with width, height, and stripe spacing controlled
by halloysite concentrations, space height, drying time, and temperature
in the range of 20–80 °C. After separating the slides,
the pattern was divided into two identical fractal clay surfaces.
Birefringence in the stripes demonstrated the nanotube oriented domains
with 50–100 μm length. A model for the pattern formation
is proposed relating this phenomenon with the colloidal self-assembly
and coffee-ring formation mechanisms. These solid micropatterns can
be transferred on polydimethylsiloxane stamps for further polymer
imprinting. The technique is simple and scalable and uses water-based
natural clay materials, allowing for green chemistry surface processing.
Efficient Approximate Inference with Walsh-Hadamard Variational\n Inference (2019)

Variational inference offers scalable and flexible tools to tackle\nintractable Bayesian inference of modern statistical models like Bayesian\nneural networks and Gaussian processes. For largely over-parameterized models,\nhowever, the over-regularization property of the variational objective makes\nthe application of variational inference challenging. Inspired by the\nliterature on kernel methods, and in particular on structured approximations of\ndistributions of random matrices, this paper proposes Walsh-Hadamard\nVariational Inference, which uses Walsh-Hadamard-based factorization strategies\nto reduce model parameterization, accelerate computations, and increase the\nexpressiveness of the approximate posterior beyond fully factorized ones.\n
Heuristic-guided counterexample search in FLAVERS (2004)

One of the benefits of finite-state verification (FSV) tools, such as model checkers, is that a counterexample is provided when the property cannot be verified. Not all counterexamples, however, are equally useful to the analysts trying to understand and localize the fault. Often counterexamples are so long that they are hard to understand. Thus, it is important for FSV tools to find short counterexamples and to do so quickly. Commonly used search strategies, such as breadth-first and depth-first search, do not usually perform well in both of these dimensions. In this paper, we investigate heuristic-guided search strategies for the FSV tool FLAVERS and propose a novel two-stage counterexample search strategy. We describe an experiment showing that this two-stage strategy, when combined with appropriate heuristics, is extremely effective at quickly finding short counterexamples for a large set of verification problems.
Evaluating Computer Games for Language Learning (1991)

The success of games in second language teaching and the success of computers as game machines have led to the increasing use of computer games in foreign language classes. For teachers and software developers interested in this application, two crucial questions arise for a given program: How do we determine whether students will consider it a game? How do we determine whether it helps students learn language? These questions are explored and some recommendations for answering them are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE 3‐P‐TOLYLSULFENYL‐ AND 3‐P‐TOLYLSULFONYL‐2‐NORBORNANOLS (1977)

Abstract (VIII).
Protein Side-Chain Translocation Mutagenesis <i>via</i> Incorporation of Peptoid Residues (2011)

For the last few decades, chemistry has played an important role in protein engineering by providing a variety of synthetic tools such as chemoselective side-chain modifications, chemical conjugation, incorporation of non-natural amino acids, and the development of protein-mimetic heteropolymers. Here we study protein backbone engineering in order to better understand the molecular mechanism of protein function and to introduce protease stable, non-natural residues into a protein structure. Using a combination of genetic engineering and chemical synthesis, we were able to introduce peptoid residues (N-substituted glycine residues) at defined positions into bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. This results in a side-chain translocation from the Cα carbon to the neighboring backbone nitrogen atom. To generate these peptoid substitutions, we removed the N-terminal S-peptide of the protein by proteolysis and chemically conjugated synthetic peptide-peptoid hybrids to the new N-terminus. A triple peptoid mutant containing a catalytic His12 peptoid mutation was active with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 1.0 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). This k(cat)/K(m) value is only 10-fold lower than the control wild-type conjugate and comparable in magnitude to many other natural enzymes. The peptoid mutations increased the chain flexibility at the site of peptoid substitution and at its C-terminal neighboring residue. Our ability to translocate side chains by one atom along the proten backbone advances a synthetic mutagenesis tool and opens up a new level of protein engineering.
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve (2011)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/16776/thumbnail.jpg
Erratum: Lorentz shear modulus of a two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic field [Phys. Rev. B<b>76</b>, 161305(R) (2007)] (2009)

Received 24 September 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.199903©2009 American Physical Society
Anticollision system PRORETA with automatic braking and steering (2008)

Methods and experimental results of a collision-avoidance, driver-assistance system are described with automatic object detection, trajectory prediction, and track following, with controlled braking and steering. The objects are detected by a fusion of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) scanning and video camera pictures that show the location, size and speed of objects in front of the car. A desired trajectory is calculated depending on the distance, the width of a swerving action and differential speed. For the trajectory control, different control methods were designed and tested experimentally, such as velocity-dependent linear feedback and feedforward control, nonlinear asymptotic output tracking and nonlinear flatness-based control, using extended one-track models with vehicle state estimation for the sideslip angle and cornering stiffness. Automatic braking is realised with an electrohydraulic brake and automatic steering with an active front steering. Various control systems are compared by simulations and real test drives showing the behaviour of a Volkswagen Golf with automatic braking and/or automatic swerving to a free lane, thus avoiding hitting a suddenly appearing obstacle. The research project PRORETA was a four-year cooperation between Continental Automotive Systems and Darmstadt University of Technology.
Variable View Factor Two-Phase Radiator (2019)

Andrew Lutz, Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc (ACT), USA
N-Glycans on the link domain of human HARE/Stabilin-2 are needed for hyaluronan binding to purified ecto-domain, but not for cellular endocytosis of hyaluronan (2010)

The hyaluronic acid receptor for endocytosis (HARE)/Stabilin-2 is the primary systemic scavenger receptor for 13 ligands including hyaluronan (HA), heparin and chondroitin sulfates. Most ligand-binding sites are within the 190 kDa isoform, which contains approximately 25 kDa of N-glycans and is the C-terminal half of the full-length 315 kDa HARE. Glycoproteomic analyses of purified recombinant human 190-HARE ecto-domain identified a diverse population of glycans at 10 of 17 consensus sites. The most diversity (and the only sialylated structures) occurred at N(2280), within the HA-binding Link domain. To determine if these N-glycans are required for HA binding, we created human Flp-In 293 cell lines expressing membrane-bound or soluble ecto-domain variants of 190-HARE(N2280A). Membrane-bound HARE lacking Link domain N-glycans mediated rapid HA endocytosis, but purified 190-HARE(N2280A) ecto-domain showed little or no HA binding in ELISA-like, HA-HARE pull-down assays or by surface plasmon resonance analysis (which detected very high apparent affinity for 190-HARE ecto-domain binding to HA; K(d) = 5.2 nM). The results indicate that Link domain N-glycans stabilize interactions that facilitate HA binding to HARE.
Successful treatment of autoimmunity in mrl/1 mice with ls‐2616, a new immunomodulator (1986)

Autoimmune MRL/1 mice were treated with a recently developed substance with immunomodulating properties, LS-2616. Treatment was initiated at the age of 8 weeks, before the onset of clinically apparent disease, and at 16 weeks of age, after development of established lupus disease. Beneficial therapeutic effects were obtained, even when LS-2616 was administered at the lowest dose tested (1 mg/mouse/week) to 16-week-old mice. The effects of LS-2616 on longevity, as well as on development of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis, were pronounced and were comparable with those of cyclophosphamide. The results obtained suggest a potential role for LS-2616 in the treatment of autoimmune disease in humans.
CYP4B1: An Enigmatic P450 at the Interface between Xenobiotic and Endobiotic Metabolism (2006)

CYP4B1 belongs to the mammalian CYP4 enzyme family that also includes CYP4A, 4F, 4V, 4X, and 4Z subfamilies. CYP4B1 shares with other CYP4 proteins a capacity to omega-hydroxylate medium-chain fatty acids, which may be related to an endogenous role for the enzyme. CYP4B1 also participates in the metabolism of certain xenobiotics that are protoxic, including valproic acid, 3-methylindole, 4-ipomeanol, 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene, and numerous aromatic amines. Although these compounds have little in common structurally or chemically, their metabolism by CYP4B1 leads to tissue-specific toxicities in several experimental animals. The bioactivation capabilities of rabbit CYP4B1 have also attracted attention in the cancer community and form the basis of a potential therapeutic strategy involving prodrug activation by the CYP4B1 transgene. The metabolic capabilities of human CYP4B1 are less clear due to difficulties in heterologous expression and existence of alternatively spliced products. Also, many CYP4B1 enzymes covalently bind their heme, a posttranslational modification unique to the CYP4 family of P450s, but common to the mammalian peroxidases. These varied characteristics render CYP4B1 an interesting and enigmatic investigational target.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Walnut (Juglans regia) (2014)

Like many woody plant species, walnut (Juglans regia) can be difficult to genetically transform and regenerate. However, somatic embryos have been used successfully for over two decades as a target tissue for transformation and regeneration of transgenic walnut plants. Walnut somatic embryos, initiated originally from developing zygotic embryos or anther tissue, will proliferate numerous secondary embryos from single cells in the epidermal layer. These single cells in intact somatic embryos can be efficiently transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens). This gene transfer system is most efficient when Agrobacterium binary vector plasmids contain a scorable maker gene (e.g. uidA) and a selectable marker gene (e.g. nptII). This system should be applicable to any crop that undergoes repetitive embryogenesis from single Agrobacterium-susceptible cells. Here we describe the method of transforming somatic embryos in detail so that this technique can be applied to walnut and other woody plant species.
Macroscopic symmetry breaking and piezoelectricity in relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate (2018)

The piezoelectricity and electrostriction of a single crystal of the archetypical relaxor, lead magnesium niobate, (PbMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3, PMN), have been investigated by resonant piezoelectric spectroscopy (RPS) and resonant electrostriction spectroscopy (RES). RPS and RES measurements detect the piezoelectric effect and electrostriction up to ∼730 K and ∼810 K, respectively, with the former being ∼110 K above the Burns temperature TB. The observation of the piezoelectric effect above TB indicates that PNRs exist at such high temperatures and they lead to a non-zero time averaged polarization under the strain gradients induced by chemically ordered regions with Fm3¯m symmetry. Finally, coupled RES and RPS measurements may be a convenient approach to investigate mesoscopic and macroscopic polarity simultaneously, allowing to correlate the former with the latter.
<title>Rain erosion behavior of germanium carbide films grown on ZnS substrates</title> (1992)

Thick germanium carbine films (GeC) are successfully grown on various Zinc Sulfide and Germanium substrates at temperatures up to 350 degree(s)C by two methods: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) in gas mixtures of methane and germane and by Reactive Radio-Frequency Sputtering (RRFS) starting from a germanium target in a sputtering medium of methane and argon. The optical and mechanical properties of the GeC coatings depend on the composition determined by the deposition parameters. The refractive index at 633 nm varies from 4.9 to 4.3 for a carbon content ranging from 3 to 25% and the correlated refractive index in the 8 to 12 micrometers range is found to be between 3.96 and 3.1. For these coatings, the absorption coefficient is ranging from 270 to 40 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. All films are amorphous in nature with domains ranging from 13 to 20 angstroms. The hydrogen content varies from 2 to 25% coming from C:H, Ge:H and C:Ge:H bonding. The XPS analysis shows the Ge:C precipitation kinetic for high deposition temperature or annealed films. The rain erosion resistance of GeC films and GeC with a protective diamond like-carbon (DLC) coating on top is measured for 1.2 mm water drop with an impact velocity ranging from 210 to 265 m/s on the Saab-Scania whirling-arm rig (Linkoping, Sweden).
A self-balancing direct-current bridge for accurate bolometric power measurements (1957)

Un t il rece ntly, the most acc urate mi crowa ve power m eas ure ments of the bolometri c t ype have required t he use of a manua l d-c bridge. A self-ba lan cin g d-c bridge h as bee n d eveloped t hat preserves t he inheren t accuracy of t he m a nua l bridge, extends the d y namic range of operation, and g reatly simplifies t he operating procedure. A general d esc rip t. ion of the equi pment and ope rating tec hniques is giv en, followed b.v it co mprehensiv e s urvey of t he so urces of error accompanyin g t Ile m ethod a nd t he accuracy ac hieved .
Supplementary routines for lens design by computer (1975)

The basics and all necessary details of supplementary programs to serve in conjunction with computer programs for lens analysis and design are derived and explained. They provide an extended, mainly first-order analysis of optical systems particularly with respect to practical decision making and remedial actions during the lens design process including requirements for an effective choice of glasses and of boundary conditions for design variables.
Human papillomavirus association is the most important predictor for surgically treated patients with oropharyngeal cancer (2017)

Regardless of treatment strategies, HPV status is the strongest predictor of survival in unselected OPSCC patients. The proposed risk models are suitable to discriminate risk groups in unselected OPSCC patients treated with upfront surgery, which has substantial impact for design and interpretation of de-escalation trials.
Manganese homeostasis and utilization in pathogenic bacteria (2015)

Manganese (Mn) is a required cofactor for all forms of life. Given the importance of Mn to bacteria, the host has devised strategies to sequester Mn from invaders. In the macrophage phagosome, NRAMP1 removes Mn and other essential metals to starve intracellular pathogens; in the extracellular space, calprotectin chelates Mn and Zn. Calprotectin-mediated Mn sequestration is a newly appreciated host defense mechanism, and recent findings are highlighted herein. In order to acquire Mn when extracellular concentrations are low, bacteria have evolved efficient Mn acquisition systems that are under elegant transcriptional control. To counteract Mn overload, some bacteria possess Mn-specific export systems that are important in vivo, presumably for control of intracellular Mn levels. Mn transporters, their transcriptional regulators and some Mn-requiring enzymes are necessary for virulence of certain bacterial pathogens, as revealed by animal models of infection. Furthermore, Mn is an important facet of the cellular response to oxidative stress, a host antibacterial strategy. The battle for Mn between host and pathogen is now appreciated to be a major determinant of the outcome of infection. In this MicroReview, the contribution of Mn to the host-pathogen interaction is reviewed, and key questions are proposed for future study.
Stress Determination for Coatings (1994)

Abstract This article provides a useful guide for measuring residual macrostress on coatings. The most commonly used measurement methods are mechanical deflection, X-ray diffraction, and hole-drilling strain-gage. After a discussion on the origins of residual stress, the article describes the fundamental principles and presents examples of practical measurements for each method.
Plication of the sapheno-femoral junction. An alternative to ligation and stripping? (1989)

Plication of the long saphenous vein at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) can be used as an alternative to flush ligation and stripping in patients with superficial venous incompetence. The aim of this technique is to reduce or abolish venous reflux at the SFJ without causing permanent alterations of the vein which might be used in future for peripheral arterial surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting. The selection of the ideal candidate for SFJ plication must be done on the basis of ambulatory venous pressure measurements, Doppler, and duplex scanning which indicate and quantify the superficial incompetence. To be effective plication of the SFJ has to reduce the calibre of the vein to 60-70% of the initial calibre for a length of 1-1.5 cm allowing the valve cusps to close when flow in the femoral vein is reversed (ie., by Valsalva manoeuvre). In a series of 8 patients evaluated 8 months after plication of the SFJ, venous reflux was significantly reduced (at Doppler and duplex examination and at ambulatory venous pressure measurements) and the improvement of haemodynamic data was associated with an improvement of symptoms. In conclusion, on the basis of these data the treatment of incompetence of the long saphenous vein by SFJ plication is an effective physiological alternative to flush ligation. However long term results must be evaluated before it can be definitively used.