gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced instability of two <i>Arabidopsis</i> constitutive pathogen-response alleles (2002)

Paramutation is an example of a non-Mendelian-directed allelic interaction that results in the epigenetic alteration of one allele. We describe a paramutation-like interaction between two alleles, bal and cpr1-1 (constitutive expressor of PR genes 1), which map to a complex R-like gene cluster on Arabidopsis chromosome 4. Both alleles cause dwarfing and constitutive defense responses, similar to another dwarf variant, ssi1 (suppressor of SA-insensitivity 1). Previous work has demonstrated that the bal and ssi1 phenotypes are caused by overexpression of an R-like gene from the cluster, which activates an salicylic acid-dependent defense pathway. Here, we show that the cpr1-1 variant does not alter gene expression from the R-like gene cluster. The bal and cpr1-1 alleles did not complement each other in F(1) hybrids, but F(2) populations that segregated bal and cpr1-1 alleles contained plants with normal morphology at a frequency of 20%. By using molecularly marked bal and cpr1-1 lines, we found that the majority of the normal phenotypes were correlated with inheritance of an altered cpr1-1 allele. Our observation that cpr1-1 is a metastable allele suggests that cpr1-1 is an epigenetic allele. The cpr1-1 allele is the third candidate epigenetic allele originating from this R-like gene cluster, making the region a possible hotspot of epigenetic variation.
Stopband Correction of the AGS Booster 2Qy=9 Correction Data Before May 7 (1993)

The aim of this study is the correction of the half-integer resonance 2Qy=9.
Si-Containing Recessed Ohmic Contacts and 210 GHz Quaternary Barrier InAlGaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (2011)

The effects of recess etch in alloyed ohmic contacts have been studied on InAl(Ga)N/AlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) using a Si-containing ohmic metal stack. The optimized contact resistance is as low as 0.23 Ω mm. With decent ohmic contacts, an In0.13Al0.83Ga0.04N barrier HEMT with a 66-nm long gate and dielectric-free passivation followed by a 5 nm Al2O3 deposition, shows a maximum drain current density Idmax of 2.3 A/mm, a peak extrinsic transconductance gmext of 560 mS/mm and a current gain cut-off frequency fT of 210 GHz, which are among the highest reported values in quaternary InAlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs.
Synchronisation des cycles au sein du G7 et intégration commerciale et financière (2006)

Cet article est consacré à l’étude de l’évolution de la synchronisation des économies du G7 depuis trente ans. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à l’impact de l’intégration commerciale et financière croissante sur la corrélation entre économies. L’intégration financière notamment s’est accélérée à partir de la deuxième partie des années quatre-vingt. Le cycle commun est obtenu par extraction à partir d’un modèle espace-état. Si l’on observe bien une augmentation du lien entre les dynamiques du commerce et des indices boursiers, les résultats obtenus au niveau des PIB ne permettent pas de conclure à une augmentation de la synchronisation des économies sur la période récente.
Analysis of Energy Consumption of Different Typologies of School Buildings in the City of Matera (Southern Italy) (2015)

School buildings constitute an important part of the non-residential building stock, because students and teachers spend much time in these rooms. This paper presents the outcome of a study on the energy performance of five different school buildings located in Matera city (South Italy). The analysis is aimed at calculating the energy requirement in accord with UNI TS 11300, comparing the results with dynamic analyses (using the Energy Plus method) and the effective energy consumptions. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 649956. The analysis has confirmed the best precision of dynamic method respect the stationary one, with an error estimated of about the ten percent compared to the real consumptions. We also presented the energy auditing interventions for all schools and evaluate the incidence of the envelope and thermal system on energy consumptions.
Algorithms for Active localization and Tracking in Image-Guided Robotic Surgery Systems (2016)

Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that promises great improvements in surgical outcomes and reductions in post-surgical recovery time for patients.Although several commercial and research robotic surgical systems have been demonstrated, many challenges remain to be overcome before surgical robotics fully realize their lifesaving potential.This dissertation details several approaches to improve the state of the art in the field.The first contribution of this work is to describe a framework of algorithms for the active localization and tracking of flexible needles and targets during image-guided percutaneous interventions.The needle and target configurations are tracked by Bayesian filters employing models of the needle and target motions and measurements of the current system state obtained from an intra-operative imaging system which is controlled by an entropy-minimizing active localization algorithm.Versions of the system were built using particle and unscented Kalman filters and their performance was measured using both simulations and hardware experiments with real magnetic resonance imaging data of needle insertions into gel phantoms.Performance of the localization algorithms is given in terms of accuracy of the predictions and computational efficiency is discussed.The second contribution of this work is a level set-based method for the segmentation of biological images.Regions of interest are grown and find the natural boundaries in the volume.Seeding is done either manually or by an automatic rexii cursive variance-based process.The procedure is run on an MR image volume of a cancer patient and demonstrated to successfully segment the data.xiii
M3A: Model, MetaModel and Anomaly Detection for Inter-arrivals of Web Searches and Postings (2017)

'Alice' is submitting one web search per five minutes, for three hours in a row-is it normal? How to detect abnormal searchbehaviors, among Alice and other users? Is there any distinct pattern in Alice's (or other users') search behavior? We studied what is probably the largest, publicly available, query log, containing more than 30 million queries from 0.6 million users. In this paper, we present a novel, user-and group-level framework, M3A: Model, MetaModel and Anomaly detection. For each user, we discover and explain a surprising, bi-modal pattern of the inter-arrival time (IAT) of landed queries (queries with user click-through). Specifically, the model Camel-Logis proposed to describe such an IAT distribution; we then notice the correlations among its parameters at the group level. Thus, we further propose the metamodel Meta-Click, to capture and explain the two-dimensional, heavy-tail distribution of the parameters. Combining Camel-Log and Meta-Click, the proposed M3A has the following strongpoints: (1) the accurate modeling of marginal IAT distribution, (2) quantitative interpretations, (3) anomaly detection, and (4) generality-being able to explain multiple datasets.
ChemInform Abstract: New Protocols for the Synthesis of Stable Ag and Au Nanocluster Molecules (2013)

Abstract Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 1,1‐Arylborylation of Alkenes: Merging Chiral Anion Phase Transfer with Pd Catalysis. (2015)

Abstract A Pd‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates with a variety of mono‐substituted alkenes and (Bpin) 2 is reported which allows the direct preparation of functionalized benzylic boronates.
Wafer scale profiling of photonic integrated circuits (2003)

We demonstrate a thermal profiling technique for wafer-scale testing of optical distribution in photonic integrated circuits. The technique is used to quantify the absorption coefficient of a subthreshold diode laser for varying operating conditions.
A 20-GHz active receive phased array antenna for Navy surface ship satellite communications applications (2003)

Many current shipboard antennas, particularly those required for satellite coverage, are highly directional and require precise steering with heavy, expensive pedestals. The negative result is that they are expensive, add weight aloft compromising ship stability and add large radar reflecting surfaces that can dominate the radar cross section of the ship. The scope of this research effort was to design, fabricate and test a 255-element proof-of-concept active receive phased array antenna to demonstrate the practicality and performance of a two-dimensional electronically scanned phased array antenna for surface ship applications. In this paper we have described the successful development of an innovative and high performance active receive phased array antenna for use with satellite communications systems on the next generation of Navy surface ships. Development is now underway for delivery of a full-scale (4096 element, G/T=10.6 dB/K) antenna, based upon the described technology, in mid 2000.
BNP Alters Myosin Type II Distribution in the Mouse Intestinal Villi (2009)

B‐type natriuretic (BNP) decreases absorption from the GI tract. Since non‐muscle myosin type II is known to regulate epithelial tight junctions and paracellular absorption, we determined if BNP effects distribution of non‐muscle myosin in intestinal villi. We treated mice with a 10ng/g intravenous bolus of BNP followed by a 1ng/g/minute infusion for 30 minutes or vehicle. The tissue was immunostained for non‐muscle myosin type II and examined using fluorescence and electron microscopy (EM). Fluorescence microscopy revealed markedly enhanced distribution of non‐muscle myosin at the crypts and villus core of the jejunum and ileum of BNP treated mice as compared to vehicle. EM revealed that the microvilli of BNP treated mice lost the distinctive appearance of contracting microvilli as compared to vehicle. Such an appearance was previously shown to lead to decreased paracellular permeability of epithelia. The result supports the hypothesis that elevated plasma BNP to pathophysiological levels makes the tight junctions of intestinal microvilli less permeable to water and small solutes. We postulate that decreased paracellular water and salt movement while allowing continued trans‐cellular transport at the apical membrane of intestinal microvilli may be how the failing heart attempts to modulate preload by regulating water and salt absorption (Sup: VA Merit Award to W. Gower & NSF/IGERT, Grant to A. Addisu).
The Radiology Report as Seen by Radiologists and Referring Clinicians: Results of the COVER and ROVER Surveys (2011)

The surveys emphasize the role of the radiologist as a well-informed medical imaging specialist; however, some of the preferences of radiologists and clinicians diverge fundamentally from the way radiology is practiced and taught today, and implementing these preferences may have far-reaching consequences.
DISPERSION RELATIONS FOR PHONONS IN MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE (1967)

The lattice dynamics of magnesium fluoride have been investigated theoretically. The group theoretical method is used to decompose the dynamical secular equation at the center of the Brillouin zone. In order to get the expressions for all the infrared-active transverse and longitudinal modes, it is necessary to decompose the secular equation for the wave vector approaching zero along the two nonequivalent crystallographic axes, say y and z, of the crystal. Analysis of the results shows that a rigid ion model of the crystal with axially symmetric forces can provide qualitative agreement with the observed frequencies appearing in Raman and infrared absorption. The ions in the crystal are found to retain 70% of their charges, showing thereby the ionic character of the crystal. The dispersion relations for normal modes of vibration propagating along the (0 0 q z ) and (0 q y 0) directions have been evaluated.
The reversible effect of flow on the morphology of <i>ceratocorys horrida</i> (PERIDINIALES, DINOPHYTA)<sup>*</sup> (2000)

Most cells experience an active and variable fluid environment, in which hydrodynamic forces can affect aspects of cell physiology including gene regulation, growth, nutrient uptake, and viability. The present study describes a rapid yet reversible change in cell morphology of the marine dinoflagellate Ceratocorys horrida Stein, due to fluid motion. Cells cultured under still conditions possess six large spines, each almost one cell diameter in length. When gently agitated on an orbital shaker under conditions simulating fluid motion at the sea surface due to light wind or surface chop, as determined from digital particle imaging velocimetry, population growth was inhibited and a short‐spined cell type appeared that possessed a 49% mean decrease in spine length and a 53% mean decrease in cell volume. The reduction in cell size appeared to result primarily from a 39% mean decrease in vacuole size. Short‐spined cells were first observed after 1 h of agitation at 20°C; after 8 to 12 d of continuous agitation, long‐spined cells were no longer present. The morphological change was completely reversible; in previously agitated populations devoid of long‐spined cells, cells began to revert to the long‐spined morphology within 1 d after return to still conditions. During morphological reversal, spines on isolated cells grew up to 10 μm·d −1 . In 30 d the population morphology had returned to original proportions, even though the overall population growth was zero during this time. The reversal did not occur as a result of cell division, because single‐cell studies confirmed that the change occurred in the absence of cell division and much faster than the 16‐d doubling time. The threshold level of agitation causing morphology change in C. horrida was too low to inhibit population growth in the shear‐sensitive dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum. At the highest level of agitation tested, there was negative population growth in C. horrida cultures, indicating that fluid motion caused cell mortality. Small, spineless cells constituted a small percentage of the population under all conditions. Although their abundance did not change, single‐cell studies and morphological characteristics suggest that the spineless cells can rapidly transform to and from other cell types. The sinking rate of individual long‐spined cells in still conditions was significantly less than that of short‐spined cells, even though the former are larger and have a higher cell density. These measurements demonstrate that the long spines of C. horrida reduce cell sinking. Shorter spines and reduced swimming would allow cells to sink away from turbulent surface conditions more rapidly. The ecological importance of the morphological change may be to avoid conditions that inhibit population growth and potentially cause cell damage.
Iron(III) Chloride-Catalyzed Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Homoallyl Benzyl Ethers Starting from Aldehydes (2003)

[reaction: see text] Iron(III) chloride-catalyzed effective allylation reactions of acetals with allyltrimethylsilane proceeded smoothly in high to excellent yields. In addition, this method could be applied to the one-pot synthesis of homoallyl benzyl ethers by a combination of dibenzyl acetalization of aldehydes and consecutive allylation of dibenzyl acetals.
Oligonucleotide uptake in human hematopoietic cells is increased in leukemia and is related to cellular activation (1996)

The use of antisense oligonucleotides as tools for modulating gene expression represents a novel strategy for designing drugs to treat a variety of diseases. Several factors, including cellular uptake and internalization of the oligonucleotides, are important parameters in determining the effectiveness of antisense agents such as therapeutic drugs. We have studied oligonucleotides uptake in normal and leukemic human hematopoietic cells, such as peripheral blood, bone marrow (BM), and HL-60 cell line; and have found that, in normal human blood and BM, myeloid cells and B cells preferably took up more oligonucleotides than T cells. There was no marked difference in oligonucleotide uptake between CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytolytic T cells. Leukemic cells had greater oligonucleotide uptake than their normal counterparts. Furthermore, oligonucleotide uptake was closely related to cell activation status and can be modulated by growth factors or inhibitors. These studies provide a basis for using oligonucleotides as therapeutic drugs both in vitro and in vivo.
Lepidoptera Larvae as an Indicator of Multi-Trophic Level Responses to Changing Seasonality in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem (2011)

Earlier snowmelt and warming temperatures in the Arctic will impact multiple trophic levels through the timing and availability of food resources. Lepidoptera are a vital link within the ecosystem; their roles include pollinator, parasitized host for other pollinating insects, and essential food source for migrating birds and their fledglings. Multiple environmental cues including temperature trigger the emergence of Lepidoptera. In response to changes in seasonality, including earlier snowmelt and warming, we expect caterpillar abundance to increase. We determined the abundance of caterpillar larvae in relation to the timing of snowmelt through two approaches: 1) a climate change experiment in which we accelerated snowmelt by 15 days through the use of radiation-absorbing fabric and warmed air and soil temperatures using open-top chambers, individually and in combination and 2) an observational 50 km transect study with 4 sites that naturally vary in the timing of snowmelt. Caterpillar abundance was determined by pitfall traps in all study plots, and we also did visual searches for caterpillars in the climate change experiment. In the climate change experiment, observations began one to three weeks after snowmelt. In the observational study, observations began prior to when study sites were completely snowfree. We characterized caterpillars by skin type (hairy, spiked, or smooth). The animals were examined for braconid wasp and tachinid fly parasites. 

Where snowmelt was experimentally accelerated and temperatures were warmed, caterpillar abundance was greatest and more were seen earlier in June. Within the transect study, we observed two seasonal peaks in caterpillar abundance. One occurs within two weeks of snowmelt and one occurs four to six weeks following snowmelt at all four sites. In both studies, we found that caterpillars found soon after snowmelt were hairy or spiky, and smooth skinned caterpillars were most abundant later in the season. Proportion of parasitism was up to 54% of the observed animals and was greatest for caterpillars observed visually in the climate change experiment compared to those observed in pitfall traps in the experiment and across the transect. An earlier, warmer Arctic summer will alter the timing of Lepidoptera and pollinator-dependent life cycles, which could then affect food availability for migrating birds and their offspring.
Liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic rasagiline and its analogues on a chiral stationary phase based on (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid (2013)

A liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was applied to the resolution of 15 analytes, including racemic rasagiline, a chiral drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and its analogues. The composition of mobile phase was optimized to be ethanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid/triethylamine (80:20:0.2:0.3, v/v/v/v) by evaluating the chromatographic results for the resolution of five selected analytes under various mobile phase conditions. Under the optimized mobile phase conditions, racemic rasagiline was resolved quite well with a separation factor of 1.48 and resolution of 2.71 and its 14 analogues were also resolved reasonably well with separation factors of 1.06-1.54 and resolutions of 0.54-2.11. Among 15 analytes, racemic rasagiline was resolved best except for just one analyte. The analyte structure-enantioselectivity relationship indicated that racemic rasagiline has the most appropriate structural characteristics for resolution on the chiral stationary phase.
Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology. 1. Development and Characterization of a Photovoltaic Hybrid Membrane System (2006)

In isolated communities where potable water sources as well as energy grids are limited or nonexistent, treating brackish groundwater aquifers with small-scale desalination systems can be a viable alternative to existing water infrastructures. Given the unavailability of power in many such situations, renewable energy is an obvious solution to power such systems. However, renewable energy is an intermittent power supply and with regards to the performance of intermittently operated desalination systems, only very limited experience exists, both with regards to efficiency as well as water quality. In this paper, this lack of knowledge is addressed by evaluating a system operated with varying parameters (pressure and flow) with constant power as a step toward defining a safe operating window, and they provide a basis for interpreting future data obtained with a renewable energy source. Field trials were performed on a brackish (5300 mg/L TDS; 8290 microS/cm) bore in Central Australia with a photovoltaic-powered membrane filtration (PV-membrane) system. Four nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes (BW30, ESPA4, NF90, TFC-S) and a number of operation parameter combinations (transmembrane pressure, feed flow, TFC-S) and operating parameters transmembrane pressure and feed flow were investigated to find the best operating conditions for maximum drinking water production and minimum specific energy consumption (SEC). The ESPA4 membrane performed best for this brackish source, producing 250 L/h of excellent drinking water (257 mg/L TDS; 400 microS/ cm) at an SEC of 1.2 kWh/m3. The issue of brine disposal or reuse is also discussed and the article compares the salinity of the produced brine with livestock water. Since the feedwater is disinfected physically using ultrafiltration (UF), the brine is free from bacteria and most viruses and hence can be seen more as a reusable product stream than a waste stream with a disposal problem.
AN ISOLATING POTENTIAL COMPARATOR (1953)

A circuit is described by which electromotive forces can be compared accurately without making any direct electrical connection between them. A double-pole, double-throw chopper, having a condenser connected between the vibrating contacts, is used with a galvanometer or electronic amplifier to indicate any inequality between the e.m.f.'s without allowing any net flow of current between the circuits. Polystyrene condensers and mechanically driven choppers are used to minimize leakage and pickup problems.Potentiometric measurements may be made through this "isolating potential comparator" to ± 0.1 μv. The error due to potential difference between the circuits is about 10 −6 of the difference for 100 ohm circuits. An analysis of the method is given and optimum condenser and galvanometer characteristics determined. Magnitude and elimination of errors are discussed.The comparator is suitable for measurement or control of e.m.f. differences between thermocouples which are electrically connected through the tips. It also has many applications in resistance measurement and resistance thermometry.
Orthogonal gough-stewart platforms for micromanipulation (2003)

Development of methods to design optimal Gough-Stewart platform geometries capable of meeting desired specifications is of high interest. Computationally intensive methods have been used to treat this problem in various settings. This paper uses analytic methods to characterize all orthogonal Gough-Stewart platforms (OGSPs) and to study their properties over a small workspace. This characterization is used to design optimal OGSPs for precision applications that achieve a desired hyperellipsoid of velocities. Some examples demonstrating the versatility of this theory are discussed.