gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive characterization study of human bone marrow mscs with an emphasis on molecular and ultrastructural properties (2010)

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) continue to draw attention of researchers in the fields of basic science and medicine due to their indispensible regenerative, reparative, angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties, all of which collectively point out their enormous therapeutic potential. There is still, however, a need for further investigation of their characteristics to broaden their field of use and learn much more about how to control their fate and improve their therapeutic effectiveness. hBM-MSCs were extensively characterized in terms of their growth characteristics, genetic stability, and differentiation capability to the mesodermal and ectodermal cell lineages; a special emphasis was given to their phenotypic and ultrastructural properties. Expression of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Rex-1, FoxD-3, Sox2, and Nanog was shown with real-time PCR. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of hBM-MSCs; they had pale, irregularly shaped and large euchromatic nuclei, and two distinct areas in their cytoplasm: an intensely stained inner zone rich in mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with dilated cisternae and a relatively peripheral zone poor in organelles. hBM-MSCs expressed adipogenic (adipophilin and PPARγ), myogenic (desmin, myogenin, α-SMA), neurogenic (γ-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, NF-H, NF-L, GFAP, β3-tubulin), osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, type I collagen), and chondrogenic (type II collagen, SOX9) markers either at RNA or protein level even under basal conditions, without any stimulation towards differentiation. The differentiation potential of hBM-MSCs to adipogenic, osteogenic, and neurogenic lineages was shown by using the relevant differentiation factors.
A Methodology to Determine the Number of Clusters in Unsupervised Hyperspectral Image Classification (2008)

A hyperspectral image is a collection of images using a large number of channels from the spectrum interval. These images are used to identify different natural phenomenon like variation of vegetation, minerals, etc. It is difficult to identify the components in these images. One of the principal problems in unsupervised classification is to determinate the natural clusters in which the data is distributed and their number. The focus of this paper is to provide a methodology to determine the number of clusters when unsupervised classifications over hyperspectral images were made. The method implemented for this purpose consists in using different clustering algorithms (hierarchies and partitioning) in combination with different validation methods (external and internal). These combinations gave clues about possible best number of clusters. The first experiments were done with some hyperspectral images reduced for algorithm calibration purposes. These experiments were successful using images that contain well defined and separated objects, also with images that contain objects that are overlapped by other objects.
Receptor binding and mitogenic effects of insulin and insulinlike growth factors I and II for human myeloid leukemic cells (1987)

Insulin and insulinlike growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) influence mesodermal cell proliferation and differentiation. As multiple growth factors are involved in hemopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, we assessed the receptor binding and mitogenic effects of these peptides on a panel of mesodermally derived human myeloid leukemic cell lines. The promyelocytic cell line HL60 had the highest level of specific binding for these 125I-labeled ligands, with lower binding to the less differentiated myeloblast cell line KG1 and undifferentiated blast variants of these cell lines (HL60blast, KG1a). Insulin binding affinity and receptor numbers were reduced significantly by chemically induced granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells and was unchanged following induced monocytic differentiation. No substantial alteration in IGF-I or -II binding occurred with induced HL60 cell differentiation. Insulin and IGF-I demonstrated cross competition for receptor binding and down-regulated their homologous receptors without detectable cross modulation of the heterologous receptors on HL60 cells. IGF-I and insulin increased HL60 cell proliferation, as assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake, IGF-I greater than insulin. IGF-I binding and mitogenic effects were blocked by the monoclonal anti-IGF-I receptor antibody IR3, indicating that IGF-I-induced proliferative effects were mediated via its homologous receptor. In contrast, insulin binding and mitogenesis displayed blocking by both anti-IGI-I and anti-insulin receptor antibodies, indicating mediation of its activity through both receptors. These data demonstrate specific binding and mitogenic interactions between insulin, IGFs, and hemopoietic cells which are associated with their state of differentiation.
Steering through taxation (1991)

Community staff are likely to be hard hit by new tax rules. David Abbott and Alan Lowrey explain how to avoid being stung
Growth Inhibition of a Spectrum of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens by Sulforaphane, an Isothiocyanate Product Found in Broccoli and Other Cruciferous Vegetables (2008)

In addition to its documented antitumor effects, previous in vitro and in vivo infectivity experiments have shown that sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate compound found abundantly in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, inhibits the growth of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. No recent evidence exists, however, on the possible microbial activity of SFN against a broader range of microorganisms, including those that may develop resistance to conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility patterns of SFN against a wide variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Sensitivity testing was done on 28 different microbial species using a modified Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method and results were interpreted based on guidelines established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The broad-spectrum antibiotic, ceftriaxone (CTX), was used as a positive control for antimicrobial inhibition. It was found that 23 out of 28 different microbial species were inhibited by SFN with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 1-4 microg/mL. Five pathogens--Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and Candida albicans--were considered resistant to SFN, having MICs >or= 16-32 microg/mL. These findings suggest that, with the dual action of SFN against a select group of microorganisms and its ability to inhibit tumor growth, SFN (or the consumption of SFN-containing vegetables) might be especially helpful in preventing certain types of infections in both cancer and non-cancer patients.
Public knowledge of the meaning of sun protection factor (SPF) and the implications for sunscreen use (2000)

The use of sunscreens, in conjunction with other sun protective measures, has been promoted for the past two decades. The majority of requests for information about sun protection received at the Anti- Cancer Foundation of South Australia (ACFSA) relate to sunscreens. A population based survey conducted in South Australia in 1996, just prior to the introduction of SPF 30+ sunscreens, aimed to document consumer understanding of sun protection factors (SPF) and to determine if consumers would change their usage patterns with a new product. This paper reports the results of this study, discusses them in relation to ongoing public education programs and makes suggestions about how labelling of sunscreen products could be more helpful to consumers. (author abstract)
[The predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human tumor cells]. (1998)

Predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines by tumor cells may be related to the evasion of tumor cells from immune surveillance.
Evaluation of bandwidth broker signaling (2005)

The differentiated services (DiffServ) architecture for the Internet implements a scalable mechanism for quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning. Bandwidth brokers represent the instances of the architecture, that automate the provisioning of a DiffServ service between network domains. Although several bandwidth broker implementations have been proposed, the alternatives and trade-offs of the different viable approaches of inter-broker communication were not studied up to now. This paper presents the broker signaling trade-offs considered in the context of a DiffServ scenario used by the Swiss National Science Foundation project CATI, and it presents results gathered by simulations.
Preparation and characteristics of growth and marker properties of urinary bladder mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are able to transdifferentiate into cells with different functional phenotypes and considered as a promising resource for regenerative therapy. MSC derived from different tissues vary in their differentiation potential and in some cases express tissue specific markers indicating a kinship between mesenchymal and parenchymal phenotypes in the same tissue. It is possible that homorganic MSC can be more effectively induced to tissue specific differentiation and preferable for cell therapy of this organ as compared with bone marrow derived cells being commonly used for this purpose. Using bladder tissue explants, we prepared primary MSC cultures from the fetal (MSC-BF) and adult syngenic BALB/c mice and characterized their abilities during long-term passaging. In contrast to the cells from adult mice, the MSC-BF cells have the ability for a sustained growth in vitro, clonogenicity and differentiation into adipose and bone cells. Similar to the bone marrow MSC, MSC-BF express the mesenchymal markers CD29, CD44, CD49f, CD90, CD105 but not the leukocyte common antigen CD45. In normal conditions, MSC-BF produce such urothelial markers as CK14 and FOXA1 although their expression level is by far lower than in the bladder tissue. The hypomethylating agent, 5-azacytidine, induces in MSC-BF the expression of the urothelial differentiation activator PPARγ and the functional urothelium markers UP1a, UP1b, UP3a, UP3b. The data obtained suggest that MSC-BF can be epigenetically reprogrammed into urothelium by the 5-azacytidine treatment, and this may offer the novel strategy for cell therapy of bladder diseases.
Denaturation of Cottage Cheese Whey Proteins by Heat (1967)

The proteins in Cottage cheese whey were comparatively stable to heat; thirty minutes at 91 C were required to denature 80% of the proteins, whereas 81 C for 30 rain denatured the same amount of protein in skimmilk.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tetrabenazine and (+)‐α‐Dihydrotetrabenazine (2010)

Highly concise asymmetric total syntheses of (+)-tetrabenazine (1), a drug for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease, and of (+)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine (2), an active metabolite of 1, have been accomplished. Our synthetic route features a trans-selective enol etherification, followed by an unprecedented cation-dependent aza-Claisen rearrangement to establish the carbon framework and two stereogenic centers of tetrabenazine. The syntheses consist of seven steps (34 % overall yield) for (+)-2 and eight steps (22 % overall yield) for (+)-1.
Summaries with SumUM and its Expansion for Document Understanding Conference (DUC 2002) (2002)

We present the results of the DUC 2002 evaluation on an adaptation of SumUM which had previously been used for producing abstracts of scientific and technical papers. Although we did not modify the original manually developed algorithms or dictionary of concepts for this evaluation, the results are among the best of all systems that participated in DUC 2002 which was on a completely different domain.
Fault detection on the transmission lines using the time domain reflectometry method basing on the analysis of reflected waveform (2016)

The faults can happen to transmission lines at any time, any places and caused by different reasons. An accurate and fast solution to detect, locate and isolate the faults will improve the quality of the power systems' performance. The time domain reflectometry (TDR) method basing on the analysis of reflected waveforms on the transmission lines to detect the faults and estimate the fault resistance and the load characteristics has many advantages, especially when combining with the wavelet decomposition algorithm. This paper presents the numerical results using Matlab-Simulink models to show the high quality of the proposed method.
975 nm high power diode lasers with high efficiency and narrow vertical far field enabled by low index quantum barriers (2010)

For optimal coupled power into fiber, high power diode lasers should operate efficiently with smallest possible vertical far field emission angle. Although waveguide and cladding layers can be designed to achieve small angles, the refractive index profile of the active region itself restricts the minimum achievable value. We show that the use of low index quantum barrier layers leads to substantially reduced far field angles, while sustaining high power conversion efficiency. 90 μm stripe lasers that use such designs have narrow vertical far field angles of 30° (95% power content), power conversion efficiency of 58% and operate reliably at 10 W output.
AUTOMATIC DOCUMENT STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURED PDF FILES (2011)

Nowadays, government agencies, business corporate companies and personal individual disseminate their electronic documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) as the quickest and convenient way to publish information including text, tables and graphical images. In the survey conducted by Association of Information and Image Management (AIIM) in 2008, 90% of 200 member organizations stored information in PDF either by scanning the documents or converting from Microsoft Office files to PDFbased format and it is predicted the use of PDF fluctuates to 93% for the next five years [1]. Various types of digital documents either newspapers, catalogues, reports, magazines, articles and even forms are available in PDF since the technology is good at offering open standard feature in which it is platform independent for sharing, archiving, retrieving and printing electronic document. Despite of it benefits, PDF has drawback in terms of content and structure analysis. As the result, information represented in PDF format is inconvenient for people to retrieve and reuse in other applications automatically, for example decisionmaking applications and office automation systems, which requires International Journal on New Computer Architectures and Their Applications (IJNCAA) 1(2): 404-411 The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2011 (ISSN: 2220-9085)
Human Molecular Genetics (2018)

Human Molecular Genetics has been carefully crafted over successive editions to provide an authoritative introduction to the molecular aspects of human genetics, genomics and cell biology.Maintaining the features that have made previous editions so popular, this fifth edition has been completely updated in line with the latest developments in the field. Older technologies such as cloning and hybridization have been merged and summarized, coverage of newer DNA sequencing technologies has been expanded, and powerful new gene editing and single-cell genomics technologies have been added. The coverage of GWAS, functional genomics, stem cells, and disease modeling has been expanded. Greater focus is given to inheritance and variation in the context of populations and on the role of epigenetics in gene regulation. Key features: Fully integrated approach to the molecular aspects of human genetics, genomics, and cell biology Accessible text is supported and enhanced throughout by superb artwork illustrating the key concepts and mechanisms Summary boxes at the end of each chapter provide clear learning points Annotated further reading helps readers navigate the wealth of additional information in this complex subject and provides direction for further study Reorganized into five sections for improved access to related topics Also new to this edition – brand new chapter on evolution and anthropology from the authors of the highly acclaimed Human Evolutionary Genetics A proven and popular textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, the new edition of Human Molecular Genetics remains the ‘go-to’ book for those studying human molecular genetics or genomics courses around the world.
Motor insulation condition assessment using expert systems software (2002)

An expert system has been developed which helps maintenance personnel diagnose the condition of rotor and stator windings in motors and turbine generators rated 2300 V and above. The expert system, called MICAA, uses an approach which has been found to be effective for diagnosing medical problems, and which has proven to be a much better medium than a printed handbook for diagnostic applications. The user interacts with the program to input machine nameplate information, operating status, and any past test data that is available. In addition, the program suggests tests which may be useful, as well as guiding maintenance personnel on what to look for in visual inspections of the machine. The expert system stores and correlates all this information, calculates the overall condition of both the stator and rotor windings, and identifies the most likely specific causes of any deterioration. The latter is very useful for determining what maintenance or operating changes are needed to extend winding life. In addition to its diagnostic capability, the program's comprehensive technical help and the ability to store test data in a permanent database have also been of benefit to users. The expert system is now being used by over 200 maintenance personnel primarily in power utility companies in the United States. This paper first describes the reason for the development of an expert system in this area, and then describes its application as a preventive maintenance tool for motor and generator condition assessment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time Stamp Synchronization in Video Systems (2010)

ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
UI-driven test-first development of interactive systems (2011)

Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development approach, which has grown out of the Extreme Programming and Agile movements, whereby tests are written prior to the implementation code which is then developed and refactored so that it passes the tests. Test-first development (TFD) takes a similar approach, but rather than relying on the testers to infer the correct tests from the requirements (often expressed via use cases) they use models of the requirements as the basis for the tests (and as such have a more formal approach). One of the problems with both TDD and TFD is that is has proven hard to adapt it for interactive systems as it is not always clear how to develop tests to also support user interfaces (UIs). In this paper we propose a method which uses both formal models of informal UI design artefacts and formal specifications to derive abstract tests which then form the basis of a test-first development process.
SpellCheF: Spelling Checker and Corrector for Filipino (2008)

SpellCheF is a spell checker for Filipino that uses a hybrid approach in detecting and correcting misspelled words in a document. Its approach is composed of dictionary-lookup, n-gram analysis, Soundex and character distance measurements. It is a plug-in to OpenOffice Writer. Two spelling rules and guidelines, namely, the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino 2001 Revision of the Alphabet and Guidelines in Spelling the Filipino Language (or KWF), and the Gabay sa Editing sa Wikang Filipino (or GABAY) rulebooks, were incorporated into the system. SpellCheF is composed of three modules, namely the lexicon builder, the detector and the corrector. These three modules used both manual-formulated and learned rules to carry out their tasks. Test results showed that the lexicon builder was able to correctly categorize words based on the spelling rules used. It also generated three databases, namely, (1) the KWF-compliant words database, (2) the Gabay-compliant words database, and (3) the database of words common to both KWF and GABAY. The detector module had an overall error rate of 7% in identifying misspellings. Furthermore, it was observed that n-gram analysis performed better than the simple dictionary look-up. The corrector module had a 94% accuracy rate in generating word suggestions. Results also showed that using the soundex code, more suggestions were generated compared to the use of n-gram analysis. However, the first character of the soundex-based suggestions was always the same as the first character of the misspelled word.
A Study on Returns Logistics Operating Mode in E-business Environment (2006)

The issue of returns is something unavoidable and headachy for online companies. However, the effective and efficient operation of returns logistics will probably be a competitive advantage for these companies. The paper firstly gives a brief literature review, and then analyzes the returns logistics system in e-business environment. According to the level of control exercised upon the returns logistics business and the degree of third-party providers' involvement, several operating modes of returns logistics system are presented and compared in terms of customer service, cost, technology, etc. Finally, some implementing strategies of returns logistics are discussed, with the hope of providing some valuable approaches of returns logistics operation for online merchants
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2015)

Between 75 million and 100 million individuals in the United States are estimated to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential morbidity extends beyond the liver. It is important that primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and other specialists be aware of the scope and long-term effects of the disease. Early identification of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may help improve patient outcomes through treatment intervention, including transplantation for those with decompensated cirrhosis.