gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ester-enolate Claisen rearrangement of .alpha.-amino acid derivatives (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEster-enolate Claisen rearrangement of .alpha.-amino acid derivativesPaul A. Bartlett and James F. BarstowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 20, 3933–3941Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00141a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00141a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views947Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical usefulness of estimation of serum fructosamine concentration as a screening test for diabetes mellitus. (1983)

Fructosamine, a putative measure of serum glycosylated proteins, was measured in 74 subjects referred for oral glucose tolerance tests. A normal range (mean (2 SD] of 1.6 (0.4) mmol/l (40(10) mg/100 ml) derive from results obtained in 83 healthy non-diabetic volunteers permitted the detection of 15 out of 17 (88%) subjects with proved diabetes and yielded only five (9%) false positive diagnoses. Fructosamine concentrations correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with fasting plasma glucose concentrations (r = 0.76) and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations (r = 0.70). A longitudinal study suggested that fructosamine concentration was an index of intermediate term (one to three weeks) blood glucose control. Fructosamine concentration was not related to uraemia and did not depend on albumin or total protein concentrations, provided that serum albumin concentrations remained above 30 g/l. Estimation of fructosamine concentrations is a fully automated procedure and may provide a simple means of screening for diabetes mellitus.
Conversion of Discretely Sampled Sound Field Data to Auralization Formats (2006)

Sound field simulations at low frequencies often use finite-element or other mesh-based methods. For auralization, output data from these methods need to be converted to a format compatible with auralization methods, such as binaural reproduction, wave field synthesis (WFS), higher order Ambisonics (HOA), or vector base amplitude panning (VBAP). The mesh data can be viewed as a spatial sampling of the sound pressure distribution. A method is proposed for converting the mesh data to plane-wave components using a circular array of virtual sources centered around a reference position. Such a plane-wave decomposition (PWD) is straightforward to process further for auralization. Emphasis is put on generalized modal decompositions of sound fields through singular-value decomposition, and on the relation between modal bandwidth and the ratio of mesh width to wavelength. The special case of a decomposition into cylindrical harmonics is studied in detail. Results are presented for two-dimensional examples, and numerical issues are discussed.
Meteorological Aspects of Aircraft Icing (1951)

The formation of ice on airplanes has long been recognized as a serious problem affecting the regularity and safety of aircraft operations. With the improvement of instrument-flying techniques and navigational aids and the resulting increase in regularity of operations in inclement weather, the problems associated with icing conditions have become of prime importance to airline operators, airplane manufacturers, and meteorologists.
Misfolded proteins are sorted by a sequential checkpoint mechanism of ER quality control (2004)

Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are degraded by the ER-associated degradation pathway. The mechanisms used to sort them from correctly folded proteins remain unclear. Analysis of substrates with defined folded and misfolded domains has revealed a system of sequential checkpoints that recognize topologically distinct domains of polypeptides. The first checkpoint examines the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. If a lesion is detected, it is retained statically in the ER and rapidly degraded without regard to the state of its other domains. Proteins passing this test face a second checkpoint that monitors domains localized in the ER lumen. Proteins detected by this pathway are sorted from folded proteins and degraded by a quality control mechanism that requires ER-to-Golgi transport. Although the first checkpoint is obligatorily directed at membrane proteins, the second monitors both soluble and membrane proteins. Our data support a model whereby "properly folded" proteins are defined biologically as survivors that endure a series of distinct checkpoints.
World Intellectual Property Report 2013 - Brands: Reputation and Image in the Global Marketplace (2013)

WIPO's World Intellectual Property Report 2013 explores the role that brands play in today’s global marketplace. The Report looks at how branding behavior and trademark use have evolved in recent history, how they differ across countries, what is behind markets for brands, what lessons economic research holds for trademark policy, and how branding strategies influence companies' innovation activities.
Vaccination of swine with thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of Pseudorabies virus (1985)

A mutant of pseudorabies virus (PRV) deficient in thymidine kinase (TK-) activity was isolated and characterized. The mutant grew well in cell culture and did not revert to the thymidine kinase-positive phenotype. The PRV-TK- was not virulent when inoculated intranasally into 3-to 4-week-old pigs and could not be reactivated from the ganglia of these pigs by explantation and cocultivation with susceptible cells several weeks after virus inoculation. Pigs that had been exposed to PRV-TK- were immune to challenge exposure with a virulent strain of PRV. Furthermore, the challenge virus was not recovered from the ganglia of most of these pigs, indicating that colonization of the ganglia by a super-infecting virulent PRV strain was considerably reduced by vaccination.
Population kinetics of carcinoma cells, capillary endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in a transplanted mouse mammary tumor. (1970)

A combination of histological stains has been used to obtain maximum contrast between capillary endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and parenchymal cells in sections of a transplanted C3H mouse mammary tumor. Values of kinetic parameters were estimated by thymidine labeling techniques and autoradiography for each of these three cell populations.

The mean thymidine labeling index of carcinoma cells was 35%. Mitotic index, labeling index, and mean grain count per labeled cell decreased with distance of carcinoma cells from a capillary; there was migration of cells from regions of rapid proliferation near blood vessels to regions of slow or non-proliferation near necrosis. The duration of the cell cycle phases was estimated by a labeled mitoses experiment, and computer methods were used to analyze these results. The median cell cycle time was 13 hr, and the growth fraction was estimated from a repeated thymidine labeling experiment to be about 50%. Therefore, the turnover time of the carcinoma cells was about 22 hr.

The mean thymidine labeling indices of capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts were 11.4 and 9.1%, respectively. These cells rarely were recognized in mitosis, and their turnover times were estimated from a repeated labeling experiment. The results were consistent with a turnover time of 50 to 60 hr for endothelial cells and 70 to 80 hr for fibroblasts, with a wide spread in the distribution of intermitotic times.

The mean labeling index of capillary endothelial cells remained quite constant between 10 and 40 hr after a single injection of tritiated thymidine; this result implies that capillary endothelial cells are not derived from a faster-proliferating precursor population. Extension of the capillary network in the growing tumor appears to depend mainly on the division of endothelial cells within the capillary walls.
Deflagration and Detonation Flame Arrester Technology (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Where Flame Arresters may be Needed Types of Flame Arresters Selection and Design Criteria/Considerations Special Applications Information that should be Provided to Manufacturers
A Stain for Fungi in Tissue Sections and Smears (1955)

A Stain for Fungi in Tissue Sections and Smears: Using Gomori's Methenamine-Silver Nitrate Technic Get access Robert G. Grocott, B.S., M.T. (ASCP) Robert G. Grocott, B.S., M.T. (ASCP) Department of Pathology, Board of Health Laboratory, Gorgas Hospital, Ancon, Canal Zone Mr. Grocott is Chief Histopathology Technician. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 25, Issue 8_ts, August 1955, Pages 975–979, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/25.8_ts.0975 Published: 01 August 1955 Article history Received: 15 March 1955 Accepted: 06 April 1955 Published: 01 August 1955
Successful rechallenge in two patients with BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma who experienced previous progression during treatment with a selective BRAF inhibitor (2012)

The v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene is mutated at position 600 in about 50% of melanoma. Mutant BRAF activates the downstream effectors of the RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK pathways and is a driver oncogene in these melanoma cells. Selective BRAF-V600 inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) have high antitumor activity against BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma with objective tumor response rates. Resistance, however, develops within less than a year in the majority of patients. Several different mechanisms have been found to mediate acquired resistance, but these do not involve the occurrence of secondary mutations in the BRAF gene. Two patients with BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma who had documented progression during treatment with dabrafenib/GSK1120212 and dabrafenib, respectively, were rechallenged with dabrafenib and vemurafenib after a treatment-free interval of 8 and 4 months during which further progression was documented. Both patients showed a marked clinical response and, in both, objective tumor regression (qualifying as a mixed and a partial response according to RECIST) was documented. These two case observations indicate that resistance to BRAF-selective inhibitors can be reversible following treatment interruption.
Color Image Segmentation using ERKFCM (2012)

Color image segmentation is an important task for computer vision. The segmented RGB color space is not more reliable and accurate for computer vision applications. For this purpose, the proposed approach combines different color spaces such as RGB, HSV, YIQ and XYZ for image segmentation. The combine segmentation of various color spaces to give more accurate segmentation result compared to segmentation of single color space. The images are segmented using K-means clustering and Effective robust kernelized fuzzy c-means(ERKFCM). Two significant criteria namely PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean square error) are used to evaluate the performance.
Ultrastructure of the normal and hemoglobinopathic red blood cell membrane. Freeze-etching and stereoscan electron microscopic studies (1972)

The ultrastructure of the red blood cell membrane and its surfaces is characterized by freeze-etching and stereoscan electron microscopy for the normal red blood cell and cells from patients with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobinopathy CC, and Heinz body hemolytic anemia. The external surface, intramembrane surfaces, and the internal surface of the normal red blood cell are described and the alterations of membranocytoplasmic relationships in the hemoglobinopathies studied are shown.
Shearing and electro‐optical properties of stressed cholesteric liquid crystal cells (2010)

Abstract The shearing effects on the electro‐optical properties of a stressed cholesteric liquid crystal were investigated. A photopolymer was dispersed in the cholesteric liquid crystal cell. By carefully choosing the mixing ratio between the liquid crystal and the photoreactive monomer, and by applying suitable mechanical shearing on the substrates, a cholesteric liquid crystal display with a low threshold voltage and no alignment layer was demonstrated.
The prognostic significance of trisomy 4 in acute myeloid leukaemia is dependent on age and additional abnormalities (2016)

The prognostic significance of trisomy 4 in acute myeloid leukaemia is dependent on age and additional abnormalities
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IBUPROFEN LOADED TRANSFEROSOME AS A NOVEL CARRIER FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (2012)

The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate the potential use of transfersome vesicles in the transdermal drug delivery of Ibuprofen. It was investigated by encapsulating the drug in various formulations of composed of various ratios of soya phosphatidylcholine ,span 80 and tween 80, prepared by lipid film hydration by rotatary evaporation method and evaluated for particle shape, size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE),elasticity, stability, and in vitro skin permeation. The vesicles were spherical in structure as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and TEM, the vesicle size of best formulation for Span 80 and Tween 80 was 962 nm and 2250 nm respectively, and zeta potential (negatively charged) for Span 80 and Tween 80 was found to be -16.1 and -17.5 respectively. The %EE of ibuprofen in the vesicles was 47.8±2.2 and the elasticity of both increases with increase in surfactant conc. and were found to be 34.4±1.4 and 26.5±1.6. Stability studies for Transferosome were carried out for 5 weeks at 450C. In vitro skin permeation studies were carried by human cadaver skin using franz diffusion cell, and drug release after 24 hrs and flux was found 2.5824 and 1.9672 ug/cm2/hr respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the application of transfersomes significantly disrupted the stratum corneum lipid. It is evident from this study that transfersomes are a promising prolonged delivery system for Ibuprofen and have reasonably good stability characteristics. This research suggests that ibuprofen loaded transfersomes can be potentially used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
P2-18-06: Conventional Trastuzumab Is an Antagonist of Natural Killer Cells: Making the Case for Fucose-Depleted Trastuzumab. (2011)

Abstract The discovery of the HER2 receptor and later the development of trastuzumab (an anti-HER2 antibody) were major advances leading toward the treatment of a significant proportion of human breast cancers. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanized monoclonal IgG1 whose discrete antitumor effects are exerted through the 2 main components of the antibody. Trastuzumab's FAB portion binds to the HER2 extracellular domain, interrupting HER2 signaling. The FC portion then engages the activating receptor (FcγRIIIa) on an effector cell, usually a natural killer (NK) cell and instigates a lytic attack via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The value of trastuzumab in breast cancer therapy is well established, but, there are limitations to the drug's effectiveness. These include: (1) unresponsive tumors with low or equivocal HER2 expression; (2) de novo (primary) resistance to therapy in over 50% of patients with HER2−positive tumors; (3) frequent emergence of secondary resistance often after short exposure periods; (4) competition of plasma IgG proteins with antibodies for binding to the activating FC receptors on NK cells; and (5) the high cost of trastuzumab treatment, raising concerns for the economic sustainability of this form of therapy. Trastuzumab and other therapeutic antibodies share a structural feature that is critical to their effectiveness: a specific oligosaccharide which is covalently linked to the FC region at asparagine 297 (Asn297) in each of the 2 heavy chains. This oligosaccharide, a mannosyl-chitobiose core, is “core-fucosylated” with a single α-L-fucose (fucose) sugar attached via an α(1,6) linkage. In 2002, Shields et al. developed a novel form of trastuzumab which lacked core fucose in the Fc region [J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 26733–40]. When compared to conventional trastuzumab, the fucose-depleted trastuzumab was 43-fold more potent in provoking ADCC against HER2−expressing human breast cancer cells in vitro. Subsequent studies with several monoclonal antibodies have elucidated the role of core fucose in inhibiting ADCC, by reducing the affinity of trastuzumab's Fc portion for the activating FC receptors located on effector cells. The superior ADCC effect of fucose-depleted trastuzumab has now been demonstrated in vivo [Junttila TT et al., Cancer Res 2010; 70: 4481–4489]. We review both in vitro and in vivo evidence from multiple laboratories (working with trastuzumab, rituximab and other therapeutic antibodies) to argue that fucose-depleted trastuzumab offers several potential advantages over conventional trastuzumab. Such advantages in clinical use, we postulate, include (1) treatment of patients with trastuzumab-resistant tumors, (2) treatment of patients with equivocal or low expression of HER2, and (3) decreased cost of treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-18-06.
Fungal melanins: a review (1998)

The relationship of polyketide melanogenesis molecular biology to that of nonmelanin-producing pathways in a wide range of fungi and other organisms is discussed. Analytical methods and fundamental properties of melanins are discussed and fungal melanin properties are compared with those of animal and bacterial melanins. The enzymatic degradation of melanins by lignin peroxidases is described.Key words: fungal melanin, polyketide melanin, DHN melanin, melanin degradation, melanin properties, melanin analysis.
On the Application of the Oppenauer's Oxidation. Part I (1942)

ゲラニオール及チクロゲラニオールにアセトン竝にメチルエチルケトンを用ふるOppenauerの酸化を行ひゲラニオールよりはプソイドイオノーン及メチルプソイドイオノーンを,チクロゲラニオールよりはイオノーン及メチルイオノーンを得た.
Chemical stability of highly (0001) textured Sm(CoCu)5 thin films with a thin Ta capping layer (2011)

With the highest magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) among practical magnetic materials, SmCo5 could be a very attractive candidate for future high areal density magnetic recording. However, its corrosion resistance is always a concern in recording media applications. In this paper, the chemical stability and microstructures of highly (0001) textured Sm(CoCu)5 thin films with and without a 3 nm Ta capping layer were reported. For Sm(CoCu)5 thin films without a capping layer, the coercivity decreases significantly (from 8kOe to 1kOe) within one month. Sm(CoCu)5 thin films capped with a thin Ta layer (3 nm) behave differently. Even exposed to a laboratory environment (25 °C) over 3 years, the Ta-capped Sm(CoCu)5 thin films are stable in terms of structural and magnetic properties, i.e., there were no changes in X-ray diffraction peaks and vibrating sample magnetometer hysteresis loops. Microstructure of Ta-capped Sm(CoCu)5 thin films showed that Sm(CoCu)5 formed a domelike particle assembly structure on a smooth Ru underlayer and were well covered by partially oxidized Ta capping layer, as shown by TEM cross-section micrographs. Accelerated corrosion treatment (130 °C, 95% relative humidity, 6 h) was performed on Ta-capped Sm(CoCu)5 thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that no Co was detected on the sample surface before the corrosion treatment, but strong XPS signals of CoOx and Co(OH)x were observed after treatment. Therefore, none of our Sm(CoCu)5 thin films can pass the accelerated corrosion test. Hcp-phased CoPt-alloys are proposed as better capping materials for Sm(CoCu)5 thin films in future high-density magnetic recording applications.
Pyrimidines (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evolution of Lateritic Soils Geotechnical Parameters during a Multi-Cyclic OPM Compaction and Correlation with Road Traffic (2011)

Gravel lateritic soils are intensively used in road geotechnical engineering. This material is largely representative of engineering soil all around the tropical African Countries [1,2]. Gravel lateritic soils from parts of Burkina Faso and Senegal (West Africa) are used to determine the evolution of the geotechnical parameters from one to ten cycles of modified Proctor compaction. This test procedure is non-common for geotechnical purposes and it was found suitable and finally adopted to describe how these problematic soils behave when submitted to a multi-cyclic set of Modified Proctor compactions (OPM) [3,4]. On another hand, we propose a correlation between the traffic and the cycles of compaction considered as the repeated load. From that, this work shows the generation of active fine particles, the decrease of the CBR index and also the mechanical characteristics (mainly the Young Modulus, E) that contribute at least to the main deformation of the road structure.
Efficient Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfection and Expression in the Intact Human Uterus (2001)

Although gene therapy has been used for correction of metabolic defects in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as adjuvant treatment in cancer, and in the treatment of infectious diseases, there has been no report of gene transfer to the intact female reproductive tract. We assessed the ability to transfect the human uterus ex vivo and thereby evaluate the applicability of gene therapy to gynecology. The uterine lumen was accessed transcervically, using an intrauterine insemination catheter. pcDNA3.1 plasmid containing the Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene was delivered to each uterus via liposome-mediated transfection. Control uteri were transfected with empty pcDNA3.1. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed beta-galactosidase expression in the lacZ-treated uteri in endometrial epithelial cells, endometrial stromal cells, and myometrium to a depth of 1.75 cm from the endometrial-myometrial junction. Highest expression was seen in endometrial glandular epithelial cells, with significant expression in the stroma and adjacent myometrium. Each of these cell types in the control uteri showed no beta-galactosidase expression. Successful gene transfection and expression in the intact human uterus can be accomplished easily, rapidly, and efficiently. Gene therapy may have wide applicability in the treatment and study of gynecologic disease.