gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Measurements in Liquid Sulphur (1963)

Measurements in liquid sulphur at 130°C show the absorption to be proportional to the frequency squared from 45 to 145 Mc/sec, with the experimental absorption about twice the Stokes value.
Phosphorylation of Alcohols and Phosphates by Oxidation-Reduction Condensation (1971)

Abstract Phosphorylation of alcohols and phosphates forming mixed esters of phosphoric acid and pyrophosphate by the oxidation-reduction condensation with triphenylphosphine and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide has been investigated. n-Butyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate was obtained in 80% yield when p-nitrophenyl dihydrogen phosphate was treated with one equiv. each of triphenylphosphine and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide in the presence of three equiv. of anhydrous n-butyl alcohol at room temperature. It was found that P1,P2-bis(p-nitrophenyl)pyrophosphate was obtained in 91% yield when p-nitrophenyl dihydrogen phosphate was treated with 1.5 equiv. each of triphenylphosphine and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide.
Overproduction of Magnetosomes by Genomic Amplification of Biosynthesis-Related Gene Clusters in a Magnetotactic Bacterium (2016)

Before our study, it had remained unknown how the upper sizes and numbers of magnetosomes are genetically regulated, and overproduction of magnetosome biosynthesis had not been achieved, owing to the difficulties of large-scale genome engineering in the recalcitrant magnetotactic bacteria. In this study, we established and systematically explored a strategy for the overexpression of magnetosome biosynthesis genes by genomic amplification of single and multiple magnetosome gene clusters via sequential chromosomal insertion by transposition. Our findings also indicate that the expression levels of magnetosome proteins together limit the upper size and number of magnetosomes within the cell. We demonstrate that tuned overexpression of magnetosome gene clusters provides a powerful strategy for the precise control of magnetosome size and number.
RESIDUAL STRESS CHARACTERIZATION WITH AN ULTRASONIC/MAGNETIC TECHNIQUE (1984)

Abstract A potentially useful new technique for residual stress characterization in ferromagnetic material is described. The unique feature of this technique is the measurement of small changes in ultrasonic wave velocity by the application of external DC magnetic field in the material under various stress conditions. It was found, in steel, that the fractional change in the natural velocity δW/W of waves propagating along the external field direction is affected by the uniaxial stress applied in the same axis. External compression lowers the slope of the δW/W curve in the low field region, while external tension generally does the opposite. For most cases, the slope in this region falls below zero under external compression. The result of measurements in specimens with residual stress shows exactly the same tendency.
SEGMENTAÇÃO DE IMAGEM MÉDICA: ALGORITMOS PARA APLICAÇÃO À CAVIDADE PÉLVICA FEMININA (2011)

O Processamento e Analise de Imagem compreendem um conjunto de tecnicas uteis na melhoria e extraccao de informacao a partir de imagens. Por exemplo, em Medicina tais tecnicas assumem importância relevante no auxilio ao diagnostico, e em Biomecânica sao essenciais na obtencao da geometria das estruturas representadas em tais imagens. O Processamento de Imagem inclui tarefas que permitem melhorar e realcar a informacao contidas nas imagens em originais. Por seu lado, a Analise de imagem inclui tarefas para obter informacao de mais alto nivel a partir das imagens pre-processadas. Uma dessas tarefas de Analise de Imagem e normalmente designada por Segmentacao de Imagem. A segmentacao de uma imagem consiste na divisao da mesma nas sub-regioes que a constituem, uma tarefa que se realizada manualmente se revela subjectiva, demorada e sujeita a erros.O trabalho em desenvolvimento centra-se no processamento e analise de imagens da cavidade pelvica feminina para estudos biomecânicos de algumas das suas estruturas; nomeadamente, do pavimento pelvico. As desordens ao nivel do pavimento pelvico da mulher incluem um conjunto de imposicoes que afectam mulheres de varias idades, incluindo o prolapso vaginal, a incontinencia urinaria e fecal, bem como outras anormalidades relacionadas com problemas do sistema urinario e gastrointestinal. Estes problemas comprometem a qualidade de vida das mulheres e representam um grande peso financeiro para o sistema nacional de saude.A segmentacao adequada de imagens da cavidade pelvica representa uma etapa crucial no desenvolvimento de modelos biomecânicos realistas que auxiliem os profissionais de saude, tanto no apoio a tomada de decisao como no treino destes profissionais e na consequente reducao de custos [4-8].O objectivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar alguns dos algoritmos de segmentacao de imagem medica mais comuns, com enfoque na sua aplicabilidade na segmentacao de estruturas da cavidade pelvica de forma a permitir a geracao de modelos geometricos adequados para o seu estudo biomecânico.
Inelastic scattering of 210 MeV<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>28</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>58</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Test of unique<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>potentials (1989)

Measurements of the inelastic scattering of 210 MeV $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ ions from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been made. Differential cross sections leading to the first excited (${2}^{+}$) states of the target nuclei were obtained. The angular distributions for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ (6.8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--60.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ (4.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--45.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ (7.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--48.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) are similar in shape to those for elastic scattering, with diffractive oscillations at forward angles followed by smooth exponential falloff, characteristic of refractive nuclear scattering, at the larger angles. Distorted-wave Born approximation calculations provide good fits to the data when unique $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ optical-model potentials, derived from elastic scattering data, are used. Calculations with discrete ambiguous potentials deviate from the data at large angles. Coupled-channels calculations reproduce both the elastic and inelastic scattering data without significant changes in the unique potentials. The deformation lengths, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$R, derived from the analyses are compared with results of previous measurements. The deduced quadrupole moments, ${q}_{20}$, are in excellent agreement with those obtained from electromagnetic measurements.
Impact of Disease States on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (2006)

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) in elderly patients and patients with renal and hepatic impairment were examined, and a role for an AUC/EC50 ratio to guide dosing was evaluated. A Medline and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts search was used to identify human studies and abstracts. Relevant data were evaluated and summarized. Dosing regimens were compared using an AUC/EC50 ratio. Most studies evaluating ACE inhibitors in renal impairment report a strong linear correlation between creatine clearance and drug elimination. AUC and EC50 values for these drugs in elderly subjects appear similar to younger and hypertensive patients. There is increased AUC in some patients with hepatic impairment. Pharmacodynamic data are conflicting. Prolonged ACE inhibition is evident in renal impairment but not necessarily other disease states. ACE inhibitor dosing for hypertension is reasonable based on pharmacokinetics and EC50 values. Further individualization of therapy may improve outcomes, and using the threshold AUC/EC50 ratio may help guide appropriate dosing.
An implantable wireless microdosimeter for radiation oncology (2008)

Wireless measurement of ionizing radiation in close proximity or within an irradiated solid tumor is extremely valuable for dose verification and quality control in radiation oncology. For such applications, it is preferable to manufacture such sensors using passive components since high levels of ionizing radiation can damage active electronics. This paper reports on the development of an implantable micromachined passive LC transponder (2.5 mm in diameter and 2.8 cm in length.) Dose measurement is performed by monitoring the resonance frequency change associated with the decay of surface change of an electret upon exposure to radiation. The test results show that a dose of 30 Gy can produce 1.46 MHz frequency shift resulting in a sensitivity of 49 kHz/Gy.
Turbo-Mimo Transceiver for Frequency-Selective Wireless Channels (2005)

In this paper, we propose a practical transceiver design for multiple-input, multiple-output (MlMO) frequency-selective wireless channels, which is able to realize a significant portion of the capacity promised by information theory. At the transmitter end, we exploit the idea of the random layered space-time (RLST) coding scheme by using independent block codes and random space-time interleaving. At the receiver end, we propose a novel multi-antenna detection scheme, which equalizes the intersymbol interferences and estimate the (soft) transmitted symbols. These soft estimated symbols are then input to a sub-optimal turbo-like receiver that performs iterative decoding of the RLST codes in an iterative and, most important, simple fashion. The simulation results show that the proposed turbo-MIMO transceiver error performance improves with the number of iterations of the decoding algorithm.
Field emission properties of Mo-coated Si field emitter arrays and formation of molybdenum silicide (2002)

Uniform and reproducible silicon tip arrays were fabricated using the reactive ion etching followed by the re-oxidation sharpening. Molybdenum was coated on the some of the silicon tip array. Current-voltage characteristics and current fluctuations were tested in the high vacuum level. Turn-on voltage of the uncoated tip was 35 V and maximum current was 1 mA, while turn-on voltage of the coated tip was 15 V and maximum current was 6 mA. While uncoated silicon tip was destroyed after 13 minutes after operation and showed rapid lowering of emission current, coated tip showed stable emission characteristics. Obtained currents were proved to be field emission currents using the Fowler-Nordheim plot studies.
Intramolecular amine-catalyzed ketone enolization. A search for concerted intramolecular general-base, general-acid catalysis (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular amine-catalyzed ketone enolization. A search for concerted intramolecular general-base, general-acid catalysisJames K. Coward and Thomas C. BruiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 19, 5339–5345Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01047a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01047a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MODERATE- AND LOW-INTENSITY CO-INFECTIONS BY INTESTINAL HELMINTHS AND SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI, DIETARY IRON INTAKE, AND ANEMIA IN BRAZILIAN CHILDREN (2006)

To determine the role of moderate- and low-intensity infections with Schistosoma mansoni and intestinal helminths (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides) on the prevalence of anemia and their relationship to iron consumption, a cross-section of 1,709 children in rural Brazil was studied. All participants were selected for infection with one or multiple helminthic parasites, and demographic, anthropometric, and dietary intake were surveyed. The prevalence and intensity were as follows: hookworm infection, 15.7% and 8.6 eggs/g; T. trichiura, 74.8% and 190.5 eggs/g; A. lumbricoides, 63% and 1,905.5 eggs/g; S. mansoni, 44.5% and 60.3 eggs/g. There was no increase in odds ratio for anemia with any combination of intestinal helminths without S. mansoni infection. By logistic regression, the odds ratio for having anemia when infected with S. mansoni and two intestinal helminths was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1-2.5) and for S. mansoni and three intestinal helminths was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-4.6) compared with children with a single parasite species. Children with an adequate intake of iron had no increased odds of anemia independent of the combination of parasite infections.
Transgenic Mice Over-Expressing ET-1 in the Endothelial Cells Develop Systemic Hypertension with Altered Vascular Reactivity (2011)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor involved in the regulation of vascular tone and implicated in hypertension. However, the role of small blood vessels endothelial ET-1 in hypertension remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect of chronic over-expression of endothelial ET-1 on arterial blood pressure and vascular reactivity using transgenic mice approach. Transgenic mice (TET-1) with endothelial ET-1 over-expression showed increased in ET-1 level in the endothelial cells of small pulmonary blood vessels. Although TET-1 mice appeared normal, they developed mild hypertension which was normalized by the ET(A) receptor (BQ123) but not by ET(B) receptor (BQ788) antagonist. Tail-cuff measurements showed a significant elevation of systolic and mean blood pressure in conscious TET-1 mice. The mice also exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy and left axis deviation in electrocardiogram, suggesting an increased peripheral resistance. The ionic concentrations in the urine and serum were normal in 8-week old TET-1 mice, indicating that the systemic hypertension was independent of renal function, although, higher serum urea levels suggested the occurrence of kidney dysfunction. The vascular reactivity of the aorta and the mesenteric artery was altered in the TET-1 mice indicating that chronic endothelial ET-1 up-regulation leads to vascular tone imbalance in both conduit and resistance arteries. These findings provide evidence for the role of spatial expression of ET-1 in the endothelium contributing to mild hypertension was mediated by ET(A) receptors. The results also suggest that chronic endothelial ET-1 over-expression affects both cardiac and vascular functions, which, at least in part, causes blood pressure elevation.
Influence Maximization for Social Network Based Substance Abuse Prevention (2018)

Substance use and abuse is a significant public health problem in the United States. Group-based intervention programs offer a promising means of reducing substance abuse. While effective, inappropriate intervention groups can result in an increase in deviant behaviors among participants, a process known as deviancy training. In this paper, we present GUIDE, an AI-based decision aid that leverages social network information to optimize the structure of the intervention groups.
Current Failure Mechanisms After Knee Arthroplasty Have Changed: Polyethylene Wear Is Less Common in Revision Surgery (2015)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Synthesis and Site‐Specific Functionalization of Tetravalent, Hexavalent, and Dodecavalent Silica Particles (2013)

Different shapes: Tetravalent, hexavalent, and dodecavalent silica particles were obtained by the growth of the silica core of binary tetrapods, hexapods, and dodecapods, respectively. The surface of the multivalent particles can be regioselectively functionalized, thereby leading to particles with anisotropic geometry and chemistry.
Covalently cross-linked immune complexes prepared with multivalent cross-linking antigens. (1981)

Covalently cross-linked immune complexes were prepared with multivalent antigens, obtained by coupling varying numbers of 4-azido-4-nitrophenyl groups (NAP) on human serum albumin as the carrier molecule (NAPn . HSA). In this system the haptenic group served to bind the antigen to the antibody (antibodies to NAP) and to form covalent bonds upon photoactivation. The covalently cross-linked immune complexes contained around 30% of antibodies that were dissociable from complexes by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A comparable portion of antibody-combining sites were accessible to the free hapten (NAP . lysine) in molar excess by equilibrium dialysis. The stable, covalently cross-linked complexes with NAP7.0 . HSA and NAP12.9 . HSA were prepared and separated into complexes with varying degrees of lattice by sequential steps of gel filtration. Ag1Ab1 complexes were obtained with reasonable homogeneity. Other preparations contained successively higher lattices but were not homogeneous. When these complexes were injected into mice, the increasing lattice of complexes resulted in increasingly rapid removal of the complexes from the circulation. The antigen, independent of lattice, also contributed to removal of complexes from circulation. NAP12.9 . HSA alone was removed from circulation faster than NAP7.0 . HSA, and Ag1Ab1 complexes with NAP12.9 . HSA were removed faster than Ag1Ab1 complexes with NAP7.0 . HSA. The studied system adds covalently cross-linked immune complexes with multivalent antigens to the armamentarium of covalently cross-linked complexes that previously were obtained only with bivalent affinity labels.
Theoretical study of intramolecular proton transfer in 8-hydroxyquinoline (1995)

8‐Hydroxyquinoline (oxine, Figure 1) is a powerful bidentate ligand which allows extraction of metallic traces. Some of the organo‐metallic complexes formed with oxine are also known for their biological activity, and are extensively used for their fungicide properties. This theoretical study deals with the intra‐molecular hydrogen bonding in oxine: the intramolecular proton transfer pathways from the neutral to the zwitterionic form are computed using ab initio methods for the isolated system and semi‐empirical methods (AM1, PM3) for the molecule solvated by nH2O water molecules (nH2O=1 to 3). The most accurate ab initio calculation indicates that the zwitterionic form is less stable than the neutral form, and a minimum on the proton transfer potential energy surface is found. Up to three water molecules, the hydrated zwitterion is still less stable than the neutral form, but the energy difference (ΔE) diminishes with the number of water molecules nH2O. Extrapolation of the ΔE versus nH2O law indicates that the zwitterionic form should be more stable for n≥5. The proton transfer barrier and energy differences are strongly sensitive to correlation.
Activity of the Triazole Antifungal R126638 as Assessed by Corneofungimetry (2005)

A broad spectrum antifungal activity was rapidly expressed in the stratum corneum after oral intake of R126638. The drug likely reached the upper layers of the stratum corneum by diffusion and persisted in this location for at least 7 days after treatment.
Benchmark quantum Monte Carlo calculations (2002)

Fixed node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) atomization energies are calculated for a benchmark set of 55 molecules. Using single determinant trial wave functions, comparison with experiment yields an average absolute deviation of 2.9 kcal/mol, placing this simplest form of FN-DMC roughly at the same level of accuracy as the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ method. However, unlike perturbative wave function expansion approaches, FN-DMC is applicable to systems containing thousands of valence electrons. For the P2 molecule, a number of possible sources of error are explored in detail. Results show that the main error is due to the fixed-node approximation and that this can be improved significantly with multireference trial wave functions.
A diffusion/chemical reaction model for HE etching of LPCVD phosphosilicate glass sacrificial layers (2003)

The authors deal with the etching of LPCVD phosphosilicate glass (PSG) sacrificial layers by solutions of hydrofluoric acid (HF). A diffusion/chemical reaction model has been derived assuming one-component steady-state diffusion, one-dimensional geometry, no effect of heat of reaction, and a constant diffusion coefficient. The model fits the experimental data successfully with physically reasonable diffusion coefficients for concentrated HF solutions (3-5*10/sup -5/ cm/sup 2//s). The chemical reaction kinetics have been described experimentally with a non-first order reaction rate expression. Experimental studies using an etching test structure are reported for the effect of channel width, the use of low-stress nitride and polysilicon as the channel structural material, several etchants (including: HF, BHF and surfactant HF), and external agitation. The oxide etch process shifts from reaction-controlled to diffusion-controlled as the etch channel develops.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>