gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Tumor classification by means of eigenimage analysis of MRI perfusion scans</title> (1998)

In this paper we present a method that characterizes a certain tissue class by the shape of the MR signal intensity versus time course obtained from the dynamic series images following a Gadolinium-DTPA bolus injection. This characterization is based on a pharmacokinetic model of the perfusion and leakage of contrast agent in the tissue. An objective classification of malignancy using a priori information is based on matching the actual enhancement time course of each pixel to reference time courses. Eigenimage filtering using characteristic time courses as feature vectors is proposed as an approach to reduce the dynamic series of images to a single image in which pixels with a close match to a particular feature are enhanced. This single image can be used as a mask to obtain homogenous regions for parameterization using the pharmacokinetic model. A newly developed algorithm enables the creation of training sets of standard time courses from dynamic series images of lesions with known histology in an objective way. An automatic segmentation of a new patient scan without user interaction is obtained using the training sets as feature vectors in the eigenimage filter.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Azaspiracid. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Noise source identification in transportation systems in Brazil using beamforming technique. (2009)

Beamforming with acoustic phased arrays has become a popular technique for locating and quantifying noise sources in complex system such as environmental noise, aircraft noise, internal and external automobile noise, beside other applications. The signal processing performs traditional delay-and-sum beamforming and accounting for the different propagation paths from the source and to the different microphones. The sources may pass the acoustic camera with high speeds, allowing the beam to focus and follow the bypassing source past the microphone array. The signal processing can zoom into any part of the studied objector of any frequency band. Ultimately, image quality depends on the number of microphones and their configuration. When the microphones cover a big surface, the resolution gets higher; however, the image may contain noise at high frequencies. Reducing microphone distances from the source removes the specks but at the same time worsens the resolution. So the best way to guarantee high-quality images is to use as many microphones as possible. This paper presents the results of tests with 32-channel from National Instrument phased array system developed by the UFSC-Brazil. Measurement results are shown for motorcycle, car motor, and external automobile noise during pass-by test.
The Edges of the Civilized World: a Journey in Nature and Cultur (2000)

The Edges of the Civilized World: a Journey in Nature and Cultur The Edges of the Civilized World: A Journey in Nature and Culture. By Alison Deming. New York: St. Martin's P, 1999. 272 pp. Cloth $23.00. Paper $13.00 Tom Bailey Tom Bailey Western Michigan University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, Volume 7, Issue 2, Summer 2000, Pages 273–274, https://doi.org/10.1093/isle/7.2.273 Published: 01 July 2000
La cornemuse du Trás-os-montes (portugal) (1989)

Lorsqu’on emprunte cette route sinueuse de campagne qui mene de Miranda do Douro a Bragance, la premiere presence humaine s’offrant au regard est celle de ces pâtres qui s’appuient avec indolence sur leur grand bâton. Figure centrale de ces hauts plateaux qui forment la frange nord du Tras-os-Montes (province nord-est du Portugal), le pâtre appartient a toutes les saisons. En ete, il garde les chevres, les moutons ou les bœufs, abrite par la seule constellation des etoiles. En hiver, il trans...
Zigzag Channels in the Structure of Sebaconitrile/Urea (1994)

What happens when the guest does not fit the host? The guest is not accommodated … or the host modifies its structure! In the urea inclusion compound with sebaconitrile (structure shown on the right), the adjustment of the host structure to the requirements of the guest, which is firmly bound by hydrogen bonds, results in an unconventional crystal form. Comparison with the structure of the (D4)urea inclusion compound, which crystallizes in the normal form, indicate the reasons for this structural change.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactive nerve fibres are deficient in intestinal and nasal mucosa affected by cystic fibrosis (1988)

ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal or debilitating inherited disease amongst Caucasians, with estimates of its frequency of occurrence in this population ranging from 1: 2000 to 1: 15 000 live births. It is characterized by disorders of exocrine secretions, primarily of the skin, respiratory tract and digestive system. The secretory processes of these tissues are influenced by autonomic nerve fibres, many of which contain regulatory peptides. The innervation of the intestinal and respiratory mucosa of CF patients has been investigated in order to determine if there is any derangement of the peptide‐containing nerve fibres that supply these tissues. The present work demonstrates that, in CF, there is a deficiency of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity (VIP‐IR) in nerve fibres in the nasal and intestinal mucosa. There is not a generalized loss of fibres that are immunoreactive for this peptide, however, since VIP‐IR fibres innervating the intestinal muscle are largely unaffected. Moreover, other types of nerve fibres innervating the nasal mucosa and the mucosa of the intestinal villi appear to be unaffected in CF patients. Physiological evidence indicates that vasoactive intestinal peptide is contained in secretomotor neurons and is a powerful stimulant of secretion; loss of function restricted to these neurons is consistent with the clinical manifestations of CF.
Les peptides et protéines antimicrobiens des plantes (1998)

come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destine au dpt et la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publis ou non, manant des tablissements d'enseignement et de recherche franais ou trangers, des laboratoires publics ou privs.
Studies on Starter Metabolism. I. The Relationship between Starter Activity and the Predrying Heat History of Reconstituted Nonfat Dry Milk Solids (1957)

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of heat on the suitability of nonfat dry milk solids (NDMS) for starters. In the absence of additional heat treatment beyond that provided in manufacturing it was found that high heat powders produced better starters than the low heat ones, as indicated by faster resazurin reduction times and increased acid production. However, NDMS l~owders with a severe heat history had a deleterious effect on starter activity. Editor.
Training Algorithms for Hidden Conditional Random Fields (2006)

We investigate algorithms for training hidden conditional random fields (HCRFs) - a class of direct models with hidden state sequences. We compare stochastic gradient ascent with the RProp algorithm, and investigate stochastic versions of RProp. We propose a new scheme for model flattening, and compare it to the state of the art. Finally we give experimental results on the TEMIT phone classification task showing how these training options interact, comparing HCRFs to HMMs trained using extended Baum-Welch as well as stochastic gradient methods
Optimization of Airport Surface Operations Under Uncertainty (2015)

With the rapidly increasing air traffic volume and airports becoming bottlenecks of the air transportation system, integrated aircraft routing and flight scheduling have the potential to improve th...
Network calculations for power system stability studies using bus admittance matrix (1974)

Network calculations can be made to account for frequency dependance on network elements. The method utilizes a current source model for synchronous machines. Since use is made of the sparse bus admittance matrix of the network, the method is suitable for large-scale power system stability studies.
Data-Driven Dynamic Modeling of Coupled Thermal and Electric Outputs of Microturbines (2016)

Microturbines (MTs) are among the most successfully commercialized distributed energy resources, especially when they are used for combined heat and power generation. However, the interrelated thermal and electrical system dynamic behaviors have not been fully investigated. This is technically challenging due to the complex thermo-fluid-mechanical energy conversion processes, which introduce multiple time-scale dynamics and strong nonlinearity into the analysis. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a simplified model which can predict the coupled thermal and electric output dynamics of MTs. Considering the time-scale difference of various dynamic processes occurring within MTs, the electromechanical subsystem is treated as a fast quasi-linear process, while the thermo-mechanical subsystem is treated as a slow process with high nonlinearity. A three-stage subspace identification method is utilized to capture the dominant dynamics and predict the electric power output. For the thermo-mechanical process, a radial basis function model trained by the particle swarm optimization method is employed to handle the strong nonlinear characteristics. Experimental tests on a Capstone C30 MT show that the proposed modeling method can well capture the system dynamics, and produce a good prediction of the coupled thermal and electric outputs in various operating modes.
NLRP7 mutations in women with diploid androgenetic and triploid moles: a proposed mechanism for mole formation (2008)

Hydatidiform mole is an aberrant pregnancy with abnormal embryonic development and hydropic placental villi. Common moles are sporadic, not recurrent and affect one in every 1500 pregnancies in Western societies. Approximately, half of common moles are complete and mostly diploid androgenetic, whereas the remaining are partial and mostly triploid diandric. NLRP7 has been found to be responsible for a recurrent form of molar pregnancies. Recently, we showed that patients with NLRP7 mutations have an impaired inflammatory response to various stimuli. To date, molar tissues analyzed from patients with NLRP7 mutations have been found to be diploid and biparental. In this study, we report 10 new non-synonymous variants and one stop codon found in patients and not in controls. We demonstrate the presence of different types of moles, diploid biparental, diploid androgenetic, triploid and tetraploid conceptions, in patients with NLRP7 variants. We document in vitro and in vivo early embryo cleavage abnormalities in three patients. We propose a two-hit mechanism at the origin of androgenetic moles. This mechanism consists of variable degrees of early embryo cleavage abnormalities leading to chaotic mosaic aneuploidies, with haploid, diploid, triploid and tetraploid blastomeres. Surviving embryonic cells that reach implantation are then subject to the maternal immune response. Because of the patients' impaired inflammatory response, androgenetic cells, which are complete allograft, are able to grow and proliferate. In women with normal immune system, chaotic mosaic aneuploidies may also occur during early cleavage, however, androgenetic cells would die after implantation or stay undetected, confined to a small portion of the placenta.
Alkyl‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐2<i>H</i>‐pyrans: Mass Spectroscopy, Synthesis, and Identification as Insect Constituents (1982)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 1556. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198215560
Generic versus brand-name lamotrigine bioequivalence in generic-sensitive epilepsy patients: a field test of the public bioequivalence standard (S31.003) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: The primary outcome of the BioEquivalence in Epilepsy Patients (BEEP) study (1, 2) was the average bioequivalence (ABE) assessment of generic versus brand lamotrigine in “generic brittle” epilepsy patients under clinical use conditions. Secondary outcomes were seizure frequency and adverse events with generic and brand product switching BACKGROUND: The bioequivalence (BE) testing standard for generic drug approval typically relies on healthy volunteers and has been questioned for assuring therapeutic equivalence in epilepsy patients who may be at increased risk for problems with antiepileptic drug (AED) brand-to-generic switching. DESIGN/METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, steady-state, replicate-design BE study compared the most common generic lamotrigine to brand LAMICTAL in “generic-brittle” epilepsy patients, who are considered potentially sensitive to poor outcomes with generic switching. The most common generic immediate-release lamotrigine (manufactured by Teva) was compared to LAMICTAL, employing 100mg tablets at the patient’s usual dose (e.g. 100mg BID, 200mg BID, or 300mg BID). RESULTS: Generic was BE on average to the brand (n=34 completed per-protocol patients). Cmax 90[percnt] CI was 98.8-104.5[percnt]. AUC 90[percnt] CI was 97.2-101.6[percnt]. All patient pharmacokinetic (PK) ratios for generic vs brand were within +/-25[percnt], supporting the ABE public standard. No patient characteristic explained the small differences observed across individuals, and small differences were not associated with worsened seizures or side effects for the vast majority of generic-brittle patients. Even when subjects were re-challenged with identical product, individual patient PK ratios for each generic and brand were not identical to self. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the soundness of the ABE public standard, including its use of healthy volunteers rather than patients. No patient sub-population reacted poorly to generic or brand, much less one product but not the other. Generic and brand product passed ABE testing standards with observed efficacy and tolerability even in at-risk generic-brittle epilepsy patients under clinical use conditions.
Effects of SNR on removing ECG noise from EMG signal using DSWT (2018)

The electromyography (EMG) signal records the electrical potential difference across the skeletal muscle in every part of the body whereas the electrocardiography (ECG) signal measures the electrical potential difference across only the heart. For example, when the EMG signal is collected from muscles in the torso, the ECG signal coming up from the heart activity can interfere with the EMG signal. In this way, the EMG signal can be contaminated with the ECG interference during data collection. In this paper, we propose the improved optimal thresholding method based on discrete stationary wavelet transform (DSWT) in various 5-level SNR used for removing the ECG interference from the contaminated EMG signal. No prior studies have evaluated the performance evaluation of mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (CC) for this proposed method to estimate the optimal threshold value in SNR 5 levels. The results show that the ECG interference is removed from the contaminated EMG signal by using the optimal wavelet thresholding method based on DSWT at various 5 levels of SNR. A proposed removal technique is better than the traditional thresholding method.
Signal-to-noise ratio evaluation radiography with synchrotron radiation (2002)

Dual-energy radiography is an effective technique that allows removal of contrast between pairs of materials in order to display details of interest on a uniform background. In mammographic images the detection of small nodules is often impeded by obscuring background 'clutter' resulting from the contrast between normal tissues (glandular and adipose) in their neighbourhood. We consider whether it could be possible to apply dual-energy radiography to the breast, which is hypothetically principally composed of three tissues, glandular, adipose and cancerous, in order to remove the contrast due to the distribution of normal tissues and, as a consequence, to enhance the intrinsic contrast of the pathology. The purpose of this work is to test the limitations of dual-energy radiography on a three-component phantom under optimum conditions of the source and detector. We use a synchrotron monochromatic beam, produced at the ELETTRA synchrotron facility (Trieste, Italy), and an imaging plate detector, in order to acquire two images at low and high energies of a phantom composed of polyethylene, plexiglas and water. For evaluation of the potential of this procedure we studied the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of polyethylene and water on a set of images obtained by applying the dual-energy procedure. We found that the SNR of polyethylene and water is around the detectability threshold (according to Rose's criteria) at the contrast cancellation angles. Finally we evaluated the air entrance dose required for this double exposure, resulting in 0.81 mGy for the low-energy image and 0.01 mGy for the high-energy image. To obtain the same image quality for a standard breast of 5.5 cm, mean glandular doses of 3.50 mGy and 0.03 mGy at 17 keV and at 34 keV, respectively, are required.
Beta-COP is essential for transport of protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in vitro (1993)

Using a novel in vitro assay which allows us to distinguish vesicle budding from subsequent targeting and fusion steps, we provide the first biological evidence that beta-COP, a component of non-clathrin-coated vesicles believed to mediate intraGolgi transport, is essential for transport of protein from the ER to the cis-Golgi compartment. Incubation in the presence of beta-COP specific antibodies and F(ab) fragments prevents the exit of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) from the ER. These results demonstrate that beta-COP is required for the assembly of coat complexes mediating vesicle budding. Fractionation of rat liver cytosol revealed that a major biologically active form of beta-COP was found in a high molecular pool (> 1,000 kD) distinct from coatomer and which promoted efficient vesicle budding from the ER. Surprisingly, rab1B could be quantitatively coprecipitated with this beta-COP containing complex and was also essential for function. We suggest that beta-COP functions in an early step during vesicle formation and that rab1B may be recruited as a component of a precoat complex which participates in the export of protein from the ER via vesicular carriers.
The Effectiveness of Barrier Membranes on Bone Regeneration in Localized Bony Defects: A Systematic Review (2013)

There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of barrier membranes in the treatment of bone deficiencies. Membranes do not increase postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, or membrane/bone graft exposure in either human or animal models. Because a majority of the results are based on animal studies, more randomized clinical trials are needed to objectively measure the efficacy of membranes in human bone augmentation.
Astrocytes Reverted to a Neural Progenitor-like State with Transforming Growth Factor Alpha Are Sensitized to Cancerous Transformation (2009)

Gliomas, the most frequent primitive central nervous system tumors, have been suggested to originate from astrocytes or from neural progenitors/stem cells. However, the precise identity of the cells at the origin of gliomas remains a matter of debate because no pre-neoplastic state has been yet identified. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, an epidermal growth factor family member, is frequently overexpressed in the early stages of glioma progression. We previously demonstrated that prolonged exposure of astrocytes to TGF-alpha is sufficient to trigger their reversion to a neural progenitor-like state. To determine whether TGF-alpha dedifferentiating effects are associated with cancerous transforming effects, we grafted intracerebrally dedifferentiated astrocytes. We show that these cells had the same cytogenomic profile as astrocytes, survived in vivo, and did not give birth to tumors. When astrocytes dedifferentiated with TGF-alpha were submitted to oncogenic stress using gamma irradiation, they acquired cancerous properties: they were immortalized, showed cytogenomic abnormalities, and formed high-grade glioma-like tumors after brain grafting. In contrast, irradiation did not modify the lifespan of astrocytes cultivated in serum-free medium. Addition of TGF-alpha after irradiation did not promote their transformation but decreased their lifespan. These results demonstrate that reversion of mature astrocytes to an embryonic state without genomic manipulation is sufficient to sensitize them to oncogenic stress.
Compact contracted Gaussian‐type basis sets for halogen atoms. Basis‐set superposition effects on molecular properties (1984)

Abstract Compact, contracted Gaussian basis sets for halogen atoms are generated and tested in ab initio molecular calculations. These basis sets have similar structure to that of Huzinaga and co‐workers' ( HTS ) sets; however, they give both better atomic total energies and better properties of atomic valence orbitals. These sets, after splitting of valence orbitals and augmenting with polarization functions, provide molecular results that agree well with those given by extended calculations. Basis set superposition error ( BSSE ) is calculated using the counterpoise method. BSSE has only slight influence on calculated equilibrium geometry, shape of potential curve, and electric properties (dipole and quadrupole moments) of molecules. However, atomization energies may be significantly changed by the BSSE .