gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes after traumatic open knee dislocation (2009)

The purpose of this study is to describe the types of injuries and surgical treatments associated with open knee dislocations and to present the functional outcomes of these patients. Between 2001 and 2005, the medical records of patients that sustained traumatic open knee dislocations at our Level 1 Trauma Center were retrospectively reviewed. Initial surgical intervention was performed in all patients including placement of spanning external fixator, repair of vascular injuries if necessary, and irrigation and debridement of the open wounds. Ligamentous reconstruction was delayed until after limb salvage. The Short Form-12 was the primary outcome measure. Seven patients (five male, two female) had a mean age of 31.9 years (range 22-44) at the time of injury (five right, two left). Motorcycle accident was the most common cause (57%). Follow-up was a mean 27.6 months. The PCL was damaged in all patients. Three patients underwent angiography for absent/diminished pulses on initial exam with two requiring operative intervention. Three patients had associated common peroneal nerve injury (one iatrogenic). Ten (10.7) operative procedures were performed per patient (range 5-18) with an average of 6.6 debridements (range 2-11). Infection rate was 43% with one patient undergoing amputation for infection. Good to excellent results were found in 33% of patients. Most patients (86%) report some residual symptomatic or functional deficit. Due to the injury complexity in open traumatic knee dislocations, the surgical treatment is extensive and challenging. While infection rates are high, aggressive, individualized treatment can lead to satisfactory outcome although full return to activity is difficult to achieve using current treatment methods.
Polymerization via Zwitterion. 13. Alternating Copolymerization of 3-Hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic Acid Sultone with Cyclic Phosphorous Compounds (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization via Zwitterion. 13. Alternating Copolymerization of 3-Hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic Acid Sultone with Cyclic Phosphorous CompoundsTakeo Saegusa, Shiro Kobayashi, and Jun-ichi FurukawaCite this: Macromolecules 1977, 10, 1, 73–75Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60055a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60055a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimized Atom Position and Coefficient Coding for Matching Pursuit-Based Image Compression (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new encoding algorithm for matching pursuit image coding. We show that coding performance is improved when correlations between atom positions and atom coefficients are both used in encoding. We find the optimum tradeoff between efficient atom position coding and efficient atom coefficient coding and optimize the encoder parameters. Our proposed algorithm outperforms the existing coding algorithms designed for matching pursuit image coding. Additionally, we show that our algorithm results in better rate distortion performance than JPEG 2000 at low bit rates.
Imaging techniques for cardiac strain and deformation: comparison of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography (2013)

Myocardial function assessment is essential for determining the health of the myocardium. Global assessment of myocardial function is widely performed (by estimating the ejection fraction), but many common cardiac diseases initially affect the myocardium on a regional, rather than global basis. Regional myocardial wall motion can be quantified using myocardial strain analysis (a normalized measure of deformation). Myocardial strain can be measured in terms of three normal strains (longitudinal strain, radial strain and circumferential) and six shear strains. Cardiac MRI (cMRI) is usually considered the reference standard for measurement of myocardial strain. The most common cMRI method, termed tagged cMRI, allows full, 3D assessment of regional strain. However, due to its complexity and lengthy times for analysis, tagged cMRI is not usually used outside of academic centers. Tagged cMRI is also primarily used only in research studies. Echocardiography combined with tissue Doppler imaging or a speckle tracking technique is now widely available in the clinical setting. Myocardial strain measurement by echocardiography shows reasonable agreement with cMRI. Limited standardization and differences between vendors represent current limitations of the technique. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is the newest and most rapidly growing modality for noninvasive imaging of the heart. While CCT studies are most commonly applied to assess the coronary arteries, CCT is easily adapted to provide functional information for both the left and right ventricles. New methods for CCT assessment of regional myocardial function are being developed. This review outlines the current literature on imaging techniques related to cardiac strain analysis and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of various methods for myocardial strain analysis.
Lipoprotein lipase, a key role in atherosclerosis? (1999)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in lipid metabolism and transport by catalysing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. The importance of LPL expressed by the adipose tissue and muscles in the provision of non-esterified fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol for tissue utilisation is well established. However, recent studies on LPL expressed by cells of the vascular wall, particularly macrophages, have identified additional actions of the enzyme that contribute to the promotion of foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. This review deals with the role of LPL in atherosclerosis, and its regulation by mediators that are known to be present in the lesion.
Reading improvement with tinted lenses: a report of two cases (1989)

AbstractThere have been numerous anecdotal reports of an improvement in reading in dyslexic children fitted with tinted spectacle lenses. Few of these cases have been subjected to scientific scrutiny. We report the findings in two dyslexic brothers each of whom showed a marked improvement in reading facility when reading print material either through a semi‐transparent tinted plastic sheet (overlay) or through tinted spectacle lenses. Other observed effects of the tinted overlays and/or tinted lenses were improved visual acuity, improved figure/ground perception and reduction in apparent distortions and fragmentation of print. Such improvements were noted in either one or both of the boys. A speculative explanation for this effect is that the lenses act by altering the transmission of impulses along the primary visual pathway.Key words: Key words:tinted lensesdyslexiascotopic sensitivity syndromereading ability.
Histamine Modulates the Interleukin‐6‐Regulated Acute Phase Protein Synthesis in Cultured Murine Hepatocytes (1992)

Murine hepatocytes cultured in the presence of human recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) show increased synthesis of fibrinogen and complement component C3 by the addition of histamine. No similar effect was achieved when murine hepatocytes were treated with histamine alone or with histamine and interleukin-1 alpha together. Using histamine-1 (H1) and H2 receptor antagonists a prevalence of histamine H1 receptor in the enhancement of IL-6-induced effect is suggested.
Environmental Impact Assessment of GHG Emissions Generated by Coal Life Cycle and Solutions for Reducing CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (2013)

The objective of this paper consists of evaluating the coal life cycle and proposing technical solutions for reducing GHG emissions. After applying the life cycle assessment on the coal life cycle, it was noticed that the power engineering stage has a bigger environmental impact on different indicator impacts. In order to reduce the GHG emissions the CO 2 chemical absorption process was integrated in the power plant based on the circulating fluidized bed combustion technology. Two cases were analyzed: super-critical and ultra-supra-critical parameters. For each case the environmental indicators (global warming potential, abiotic depletion potential, human toxicity potential, photochemical potential, acidification potential, eutrophisation potential) were evaluated in order to estimate the environmental effects on the coal life cycle with CO 2 capture process. After the integration of the CO 2 capture post-combustion process into the power plant, the GHG emissions decreased from 450,760 CO 2 equiv. tons to 75,937 CO 2 equiv. tons for super-critical parameters and from 438122 CO 2 equiv. tons to 73245 CO 2 equiv. tons for ultra-supra-critical parameters respectively. In order to increase the absorption capacity of the MEA solvent the SO 2 emissions were reduced from flue gases and consequently the acidification potential was reduced too in both cases. On the contrary, the amount of fuel increased in order to maintain the functional unit as a result of the efficiency penalty of the CO 2 capture integration in the power plant.
Syntheses and Structural Characterization of the Heavier Alkali-Metal Stannates Bearing the Tripodal Triamino Framework:  Structural Trends in the Series of [MeSi{SiMe<sub>2</sub>N(4-CH<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)}<sub>3</sub>Sn][M] (M = Na, K, Rb) (2003)

Treatment of the lithium stannate [MeSi(SiMe(2)N(4-CH(3)C(6)H(4)))(3)SnLi(OEt(2))] (1) with AgCl yielded the corresponding distannane [MeSi(SiMe(2)N(4-CH(3)C(6)H(4)))(3)Sn](2) (2) as the product of an oxidative coupling in good yield. The distannane (2) underwent reductive cleavage with the heavier alkali metals (sodium, potassium, rubidium) in a non-coordinating solvent (toluene or cyclohexane), to afford the solvate-free stannates(II) [MeSi(SiMe(2)N(4-CH(3)C(6)H(4)))(3)Sn][M] (M = Na (3), K (4), and Rb (5)), which were structurally characterized. The Na atom in 3 is directly bonded to two of the three amido-N atoms of the stannate cage and additionally solvated by pi-coordination of a tolyl substituent of a neighboring stannate cage. In contrast, the group 1 metal cations in the two isomorphous compounds 4 and 5 are further removed from the nitrogen functions and are pi-coordinated by three tolyl arene rings. The Sn-K distances in 4 were found to be 3.635 and 3.870 A, whereas the Sn-Rb contacts in 5 are 3.708 and 3.908 A; these are the first such Sn-Rb bonding contacts to be characterized in a molecular compound by X-ray diffraction.
Analysis of Paramecium Macronuclear DNA Using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (1989)

We have analyzed the macronuclear DNA of Paramecium tetraurelia using orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis. The mean size of the linear macronuclear DNA molecules is approximately 450 kb. Less than 6% of the macronuclear DNA is larger than 800 kb. Using pulse times of 20, 40, 60 and 90 s we show that the macronuclear fragment containing the A type variable surface antigen gene migrates reproducibly as a 320-kb linear DNA. Over the same pulse times we describe the unusual migration of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) of P. tetraurelia. At pulse times of 20 and 40 s the rDNA migrates at limit mobility (300 and 500 kb, respectively) whereas with 60- and 90-s pulse times, 2 components of rDNA are observed; 1 fraction independent of pulse time migrating at limit mobility, and a 2nd component migrating between 100-kb and 400-kb linear markers. Based upon previous electron micrographic studies of Paramecium rDNA as well as data presented here we conclude that the majority of Paramecium rDNA molecules are a circular DNA form.
Antimicrobial Resistance-Conferring Plasmids with Similarity to Virulence Plasmids from Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Kentucky Isolates from Poultry (2009)

Salmonella enterica, a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, may be found in any raw food of animal, vegetable, or fruit origin. Salmonella serovars differ in distribution, virulence, and host specificity. Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky, though often found in the food supply, is less commonly isolated from ill humans. The multidrug-resistant isolate S. Kentucky CVM29188, isolated from a chicken breast sample in 2003, contains three plasmids (146,811 bp, 101,461 bp, and 46,121 bp), two of which carry resistance determinants (pCVM29188_146 [strAB and tetRA] and pCVM29188_101 [bla(CMY-2) and sugE]). Both resistance plasmids were transferable by conjugation, alone or in combination, to S. Kentucky, Salmonella enterica serovar Newport, and Escherichia coli recipients. pCVM29188_146 shares a highly conserved plasmid backbone of 106 kb (>90% nucleotide identity) with two virulence plasmids from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (pAPEC-O1-ColBM and pAPEC-O2-ColV). Shared avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) virulence factors include iutA iucABCD, sitABCD, etsABC, iss, and iroBCDEN. PCR analyses of recent (1997 to 2005) S. Kentucky isolates from food animal, retail meat, and human sources revealed that 172 (60%) contained similar APEC-like plasmid backbones. Notably, though rare in human- and cattle-derived isolates, this plasmid backbone was found at a high frequency (50 to 100%) among S. Kentucky isolates from chickens within the same time span. Ninety-four percent of the APEC-positive isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin. Together, our findings of a resistance-conferring APEC virulence plasmid in a poultry-derived S. Kentucky isolate and of similar resistance/virulence plasmids in most recent S. Kentucky isolates from chickens and, to lesser degree, from humans and cattle highlight the need for additional research in order to examine the prevalence and spread of combined virulence and resistance plasmids in bacteria in agricultural, environmental, and clinical settings.
Design and Optimization of Superconducting MRI Magnet Systems With Magnetic Materials (2012)

We present a method for the optimal design of superconducting magnet systems for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method integrates a linear-programming technique with the finite-element method (FEM) to calculate minimum-volume coil configurations subject to magnetic field homogeneity constraints for MRI systems that contain general nonaxisymmetric magnetic yoke structures. The method rapidly converges and only requires a small number of iterations and FEM analyses to be performed. In particular, the method is well suited for magnet design problems that necessitate large 3-D FEM models. We demonstrate the method with the optimal design of an open and compact 0.5 T yoked biplanar magnet assembly considered for use in an integrated medical linear accelerator and MRI system. In particular, the coil configuration for this magnet design is constructed from a MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> high-temperature superconducting material that operates in a conduction-cooled cryogen-free environment.
Hydroxylated Graphene–Sulfur Nanocomposites for High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2013)

A hydroxylated graphene–S nanocomposite exhibiting superior electrochemical performance at high rates is developed through a facile chemical deposition method at room temperature. The hydroxyl groups in graphene can interact with the sulfur-containing compounds, rendering sulfur in the amorphous state during the chemical deposition reaction and preventing polysulfide dissolution during cycling.
Regulation of C<sub>4</sub>-dicarboxylic acid transport in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1975)

Various mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis were used to study the induction and regulation of the transport of tricarboxylic acid cycle C4-dicarboxylates. L-Malate was the only physiological inducer and bromosuccinate was a gratuitous inducer of dicarboxylic acid transport in a succinic dehydrogenase deficient mutant. Several mutants were isolated with alterations in the ability to transport dicarboxylic acids. One of these (WK6) was defective in the ability to take up succinate when grown on glutamate minimal medium, whereas another (WK1) was inducible to high levels by extremely low levels of L-malate. Alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutants were unable to take up dicarboxylates because of repression of transport by glutamate and (or) alpha-ketoglutarate. A mutation which resulted in increased levels of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase partially overcame this inhibition. Glutamate did not prevent the induction of dicarboxylic acid transport by L-malate in succinic dehydrogenase mutants but was markedly inhibitory in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutants.
Fasciation Mutation Enhances Meristematic Activity and Alters Pattern Formation in Soybean (1998)

The recessive f mutation in soybean results in a ridgelike apical meristem that completely dominates plant ontogeny and causes virtually complete inhibition of leaf axillary buds and restriction of floral induction. For the first time, the process of formation of the ridgelike meristem (also the meristematic phenotype of CLAVATA1-1 and CLAVATA3-1 Arabidopsis mutants) is shown with scanning electron microscopy. Immediately after seed imbibition, the fasciation mutation was manifested by meristem enlargement and hastened differentiation of the second trifoliolate leaf primordium. The early meristematic phenotype of the mutant indicates that the f gene functions upstream of other developmental genes. Decussate and later semiwhorled leaf arrangements, combined with continuous meristem enlargement and shortened plastochron, replaced the wild-type distichous phyllotaxy. A dome-shaped meristem, the most energy-efficient configuration of the apical meristem, persisted during 11-12 plastochrons attaining a size four to five times that of the wild-type meristem. Meristem zonation triggered shape alteration from rectangular to round, to triangular, to oval, and finally to a ridgelike form. The stable ridgelike meristem presumably resulted from attaining a new balance between cell division and differentiation. The elevated level of endogenous IAA (two- to threefold increases over the wild-type) in meristematic tissues, hypocotyl, and leaves could be a secondary consequence of auxin overproduction by the proliferating meristem. The f gene product might affect cell divisions and the auxin metabolic pathway and might intervene in a multitude of developmental aspects.
Linguistic generalizations (1990)

Our study of Dutch intonation has resulted in a melodic description of (nearly) all possible pitch contours of that language. The inventory of permissible contours is explicitly defined by the ‘grammar of intonation’, presented in chapter 4 (propositions 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3). Contours are global melodic entities that tend to coincide with clauses or complete utterances. They can be broken down into the structural units that we labelled Prefix, Root and Suffix configurations, each of which consists of one or more discrete pitch movements. The atomistic pitch movements are the elementary descriptive units of our melodic model. We have supplemented their perceptual characterization with an acoustic definition that can be used to control the Fo parameter of synthetically produced speech. We have also established a link between perceptually relevant pitch changes and the voluntary manoeuvres that a speaker executes in order to produce variations in the course of Fo. Finally, we have gained some insights as to how the infinite variety of pitch contours relates to a restricted set of more abstract melodic categories or intonation patterns.
Tree Cache (2021)

This program generates a single search tree, compacts it to reduce memory/disk space, then utilizes it to very quickly generate valid paths in an 8-connected gridworld. This technique is similar in principle to RRTs used in robotics.
Regulation of Cell Survival and Death by Pyridine Nucleotides (2012)

Pyridine nucleotides (PNs), such as NAD(H) and NADP(H), mediate electron transfer in many catabolic and anabolic processes. In general, NAD(+) and NADP(+) receive electrons to become NADH and NADPH by coupling with catabolic processes. These electrons are utilized for biologically essential reactions such as ATP production, anabolism and cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) regulation. Thus, in addition to ATP, NADH and NADPH could be defined as high-energy intermediates and "molecular units of currency" in energy transfer. We discuss the significance of PNs as energy/electron transporters and signal transducers, in regulating cell death and/or survival processes. In the first part of this review, we describe the role of NADH and NADPH as electron donors for NADPH oxidases (Noxs), glutathione (GSH), and thioredoxin (Trx) systems in cellular redox regulation. Noxs produce superoxide/hydrogen peroxide yielding oxidative environment, whereas GSH and Trx systems protect against oxidative stress. We then describe the role of NAD(+) and NADH as signal transducers through NAD(+)-dependent enzymes such as PARP-1 and Sirt1. PARP-1 is activated by damaged DNA in order to repair the DNA, which attenuates energy production through NAD(+) consumption; Sirt1 is activated by an increased NAD(+)/NADH ratio to facilitate signal transduction for metabolic adaption as well as stress responses. We conclude that PNs serve as an important interface for distinct cellular responses, including stress response, energy metabolism, and cell survival/death.