gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Fourth Amendment and the Wiretap Act Fail to Protect Against Random ISP Monitoring of E-mails for the Purpose of Assisting Law Enforcement, 22 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 493 (2004) (2004)

This article takes the position that the Wiretap Act and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) does little to provide protection against internet service providers (ISPs) that randomly monitor e-mails for the purpose of turning over evidence of criminal activities to law enforcement officials. The article provides a background to the special privacy issues that arise in the context of computer technology and ISPs. An analysis of the Wiretap Act, as amended by the ECPA, reveals that an implicit statutory prohibition against random surveillance by ISPs for the purpose of assisting law enforcement does in fact exist. Further, remedies for violations of this provision are deficient because of many exceptions, and because criminal sanctions and the exclusionary rule are not included. Recent court decisions are analyzed which collectively suggest that the Fourth Amendment does not protect against evidence obtained from ISP surveillance. Finally, the article concludes by providing suggestions as to how the public’s privacy interests against random ISP monitoring can and should be protected.
A Pattern Recognizing Study of Palm Reading (1971)

The purpose of this correspondence is to clarify the decision mechanism of palm reading (palmistry, or chiromancy) from the viewpoints of pattern recognition, learning, and heuristics. Palm reading is studied from the viewpoints of pattern recognition, heuristics, and learning. Two kinds of mapping in palm reading are extracted, these being a tree-decision type and a polynomial type. In contrast to the fairly simple form of mapping, the palm input is relatively complicated but well chosen. The generalization and speciality of palm reading, variations of palm lines, examples of palmistry judgment, and the roles of heuristics and learning in palm reading are mainly discussed.
Direct Identification of Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Scanning Electron Microscopy (2012)

Because of their excellent electrical and optical properties, carbon nanotubes have been regarded as extremely promising candidates for high-performance electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, effective and efficient distinction and separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes are always challenges for their practical applications. Here we show that metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes on SiO(2) can have obviously different contrast in scanning electron microscopy due to their conductivity difference and thus can be effectively and efficiently identified. The correlation between conductivity and contrast difference has been confirmed by using voltage-contrast scanning electron microcopy, peak force tunneling atom force microscopy, and field effect transistor testing. This phenomenon can be understood via a proposed mechanism involving the e-beam-induced surface potential of insulators and the conductivity difference between metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs. This method demonstrates great promise to achieve rapid and large-scale distinguishing between metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, adding a new function to conventional SEM.
Tantalum implanted entangled porous titanium promotes surface osseointegration and bone ingrowth (2016)

Porous Ti is considered to be an ideal graft material in orthopaedic and dental surgeries due to its similar spatial structures and mechanical properties to cancellous bone. In this work, to overcome the bioinertia of Ti, Ta-implanted entangled porous titanium (EPT) was constructed by plasma immersion ion implantation &deposition (PIII&D) method. Ca-implanted and unimplanted EPTs were investigated as control groups. Although no difference was found in surface topography and mechanical performances, both Ca- and Ta-implanted groups had better effects in promoting MG-63 cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization than those of unimplanted group. The expression of osteogenic-related markers examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting was upregulated in Ca- and Ta-implanted groups. Moreover, Ta-implanted EPT group could reach a higher level of these effects than that of Ca-implanted group. Enhanced osseointegration of both Ca- and Ta-implanted EPT implants was demonstrated through in vivo experiments, including micro-CT evaluation, push-out test, sequential fluorescent labeling and histological observation. However, the Ta-implanted group possessed more stable and continuous osteogenic activity. Our results suggest that Ta-implanted EPT can be developed as one of the highly efficient graft material for bone reconstruction situations.
Multiple source clustering: a probabilistic reasoning approach (2002)

In this paper we describe a versatile multiple source clustering (MSC) algorithm. The algorithm uses a form of probabilistic reasoning known as Bayesian networks to solve the MSC problem of incomparable feature spaces. For time-tagged data, the algorithm uses fuzzy conjunctions to support cluster formation and management. Clustering performance measures are defined and a multiple target tracking/multiple sensor example is presented.
Blockchain and mortgage lending process: A study of people, process, and technology involved (2019)

Blockchain technology is on the rise and considered to be a revolutionary technology. It has been applied to many domains including personal health records, regulatory investigation, and global supply chain. Applications that may potentially benefit from blockchain technology are those, which involve multiple parties across the different organization, each performing a subset of many steps needed to complete a given transaction and involve different technologies. In addition, security and trust is a major concern. Given this, a good candidate for blockchain technology is mortgage lending. The purpose of this paper is to prepare a model that identifies different elements that are needed when applying blockchain technology in the mortgage origination process. This paper uses a popular framework used in customer relationship management (CRM) that combines three constructs: People, Process and Technology to develop the intended model.
Toll-like receptors in lupus nephritis (2018)

The pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is based on the loss of self-tolerance against ubiquitous autoantigens involving all mechanisms of adaptive immunity. However, data accumulating over the last decade imply an important role also for numerous elements of innate immunity, namely the Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of SLE. Here we discuss their role in the most common organ complication of SLE, i.e. lupus nephritis. We summarize experimental and clinical data on the expression and functional contribution of the Toll-like receptors in immune complex glomerulonephritis, and intrarenal inflammation. Based on these discoveries Toll-like receptors are evolving as therapeutic targets for the treatment of SLE and lupus nephritis.
A Novel Photo-Thermoelectric Generator Integrating Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Thermoelectric Modules (2010)

In this study, we adopt two different morphologies of self-made nano-TiO 2 powder to prepare a double-layer photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Further, DSSC module and thermoelectric generator (TEG) coated with nano-Cu thin film were integrated with a novel photo-thermoelectric generator. For the fabrication of photoelectric conversion modules, TiO 2 nanoparticles (H200) fabricated by the hydrothermal method and the powder of TiO 2 nanofluid prepared by the submerged arc nanofluid synthesis system (SANSS) were utilized to prepare a double-layer thin film using a surgical blade as the photoelectrode of DSSCs. And then, commercial nano-Cu powder was coated on two sides of TEG to fabricate thermoelectric conversion module by surgical blade. Nano-Cu thin film, as the medium of thermal conductivity, can effectively transfer heat produced by sunlight on the surface of DSSC to the two sides of TEG. Finally, the two modules were combined into the optical thermoelectric generator. The overall experiment utilizes the intensity of 100 mW/cm 2 illumination of simulated sunlight, which can produce 4.97 mW/cm 2 , an increase of 2.87% output compared with merely employing the DSSCs.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids after occupational exposure (1995)

Human nasal lavage fluids (NLFs), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were analyzed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and the protein patterns were evaluated with a computerized imaging 2-DE system. With silver staining about 1000 spots were detected in 10 microgram samples of NLF or BALF. Both BALF and NLF 2-DE patterns showed similarities to a reference plasma pattern and about 25 plasma proteins were identified in NLF as well as in BALF. Comparison showed that the levels of albumin and transferrin appeared to be slightly higher in BALF than NLF, while the levels of IgA, IgG and haptoglobin beta were higher in NLF than in BALF. In contrast to BALF and blood plasma, NLF contained large amounts of a cluster of acidic proteins (pI 4.5-5.5) with molecular masses of 15-30 kDa. Distinct alterations in the NLF 2-DE patterns were found in a worker who developed an asthmatic condition with bronchial hyperreactivity after exposure to organic acid anhydrides. After exposure, 14 protein spots were increased and one decreased by a factor of > 3 as compared to the levels before exposure and compared to healthy individuals. This is the first study indicating that 2-DE of NLF may be used to investigate early changes in airway protein patterns induced by occupational exposure to irritating chemicals.
Validation of New Operational Package for the Lagrangian Diagnosis of Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (2011)

A new tool for the Lagrangian diagnosis of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) was developed for Environment Canada and became operational in July 2010, providing unique, high-resolution daily forecasts of STE over the globe. This thesis offers a comprehensive validation of these STE forecasts in the context of an ozonesonde balloon campaign conducted at three locations in Eastern Canada from 12 July to 4 August 2010. The STE forecasts are calculated using a Lagrangian kinematic trajectory methodology based on the high-resolution global GEM model forecasts at Environment Canada. Both observations and the STE forecasts during this period showed much larger frequency of stratospheric air intrusions deep into the troposphere at all locations compared to past studies. The STE dataset compares reasonably well with the observations above 500 hPa, yet is found to underestimate the frequency of events reaching below 700 hPa level. Sources of error can possibly be introduced by (1) errors in the 6-day global GEM forecasts, (2) errors in the identification of air with stratospheric origin in observations, and/or (3) the lack of convective and turbulent mixing representation in the trajectory model. Despite these large sources of errors, the STE forecasts turn out to be one of the best datasets available for the STE studies, being useful to estimate the currently controversial STE contribution to the tropospheric ozone budget in the free troposphere as well as in the boundary layer.
Variational data assimilation for a forced, inertia-free magnetohydrodynamic dynamo model (2014)

Variational data assimilation (4DVar) is a powerful technique for tuning dynamic models to observations, in order not only to forecast future time evolution of the system, but to make inferences about quantities that are otherwise unconstrained by observation. We apply this technique, well-grounded in meteorology and oceanography, to the Earth's core where incompressible fluid motions in an electrically conducting medium are responsible for magnetic field generation. Our dynamic model's momentum equation neglects inertia such that the entire evolution depends only on the structure of the initial magnetic field; time evolution of the system is solely governed by the equation of magnetic induction. Nevertheless the dynamic system encompasses the effects of rotation, Lorentz forces and viscosity and aims to mimic a reasonable force-balance in the Earth's core. Building on the work of Li <it>et al.</it>, in order to optimize the data-fit subject to the dynamics, we further develop the mathematical structure of the adjoint equations of the system. We address the feasibility of recovering 3-D spatial properties of the system using only time-varying 2-D observations of different character. Using closed-loop testing, we demonstrate the retrievability of the initial state (and thus the entire trajectory) of the system over convective timescales, when sampling in regions in which magnetic induction dominates over diffusion. The results suggest the possibility of retrieving the entire trajectory of the dynamo system of the Earth using the 400-yr model of secular variation <it>gufm1</it>.
Corrosion monitoring in remote or hostile locations (1997)

Examines two aspects of a new system being installed by BP engineering. First, the measurement of corrosion in hot, dangerous and inaccessible locations, both within process plants and on remote pipelines and, second, the automatic collection of data from widely separated measurement points at a single location for monitoring and assessment. Discusses recent advances in ultrasonic non‐destructive test instruments and low frequency electro‐magnetic communication techniques, showing how these have made this project possible.
Understanding privacy settings in facebook with an audience view (2008)

Users of online social networking communities are disclosing large amounts of personal information, putting themselves at a variety of risks. Our ongoing research investigates mechanisms for socially appropriate privacy management in online social networking communities. As a first step, we are examining the role of interface usability in current privacy settings. In this paper we report on our first iterative prototype, where presenting an audienceoriented view of profile information significantly improved the understanding of privacy settings. 1.
Expressions and significance of CXCR7 and VEGF in human gastric cancer (2013)

Objective To investigate the expressions and significance of C-X-C chemokine receptor 7(CXCR7)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human gastric cancer.Methods The expressions of CXCR7and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemistry in 60samples of gastric cancer(group A)and 20samples of normal gastric tissues(group B).The relationship between the expressions of CXCR7and VEGF and the clinical pathological parameters was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of CXCR7in group A was 63%,which was zero in group B.The positive expression rate of VEGF in group A was 70%,which was higher than 10%in group B(P0.01).In group A,the expressions of CXCR7and VEGF were higher in the cancers with deeper invasion,lower differentiation,lymph node metastasis and TMN Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage than those without deeper invasion and lymph node metastasis,and TMN Ⅰ-Ⅱstage(P0.01or P0.05).The expression of CXCR7was positively correlated with that of VEGF in gastric cancer.Conclusion The CXCR7and VEGF are highly expressed in gastric cancer,which is closely related to the occurrence and developnent of gastric cancer.
Metabolism of epoxidized phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> and epoxide hydrolase (1981)

The isolation and measurement of phospholipid epoxides as major peroxidation products in biomembrane preparations prompted an investigation of enzymatic mechanisms which may be responsible for their elimination. Analysis of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and phospholipase A2 activity against a phospholipid epoxide commonly encountered in tissues indicated it to be a poor substrate for epoxide hydrolase, but rapidly hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2. Microsomal and purified phospholipase A2 preparations hydrolyzed the phospholipid epoxide at rates 2-fold greater than were observed with a monoenoic phospholipid from which the epoxide would be derived. The product fatty acid epoxide, cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid, was rapidly hydrated by microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. On the basis of earlier reports demonstrating increased phospholipase activity against oxidized phospholipids, and on the results of the present study, a model for the metabolism of oxidized membrane phospholipids is proposed.
Recombination activity of contaminated dislocations in silicon: A model describing electron-beam-induced current contrast behavior (2001)

Existing experimental data give many evidences that the recombination rate of minority charge carriers at dislocations in silicon depends strongly on dislocation decoration by transition metal impurities. Here, we present a model that allows a quantitative description of the recombination of minority carriers at decorated dislocations. It assumes that shallow dislocation bands, induced by the strain field, and deep electronic levels, caused by impurity atoms, which have segregated at the dislocation, or by core defects, can exchange electrons and holes. As a consequence, the recombination of carriers captured at dislocation bands can be drastically enhanced by the presence of even small concentrations of impurity atoms at the dislocation core. The model allows us not only to explain experimentally observed dependences of the recombination rate on temperature and excitation level, but also to estimate the concentration of deep level impurities at dislocations.
Traveltime information-based wave-equation inversion (2009)

Abstract We propose a new wave-equation inversion method that mainly depends on the traveltime information of the recorded seismic data. Unlike the conventional method, we first apply a τ-p transform to the seismic data to form the delayed-shot seismic record, back propagate the transformed data, and then invert the velocity model by maximizing the wavefield energy around the shooting time at the source locations. Data fitting is not enforced during the inversion, so the optimized velocity model is obtained by best focusing the source energy after a back propagation. Therefore, inversion accuracy depends only on the traveltime information embedded in the seismic data. This method may overcome some practical issues of waveform inversion; in particular, it relaxes the dependency of the seismic data amplitudes and the source wavelet.
Selenium derivatization and crystallization of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides for X-ray crystallography using multiple anomalous dispersion (2004)

We report here the solid phase synthesis of RNA and DNA oligonucleotides containing the 2'-selenium functionality for X-ray crystallography using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion. We have synthesized the novel 2'-methylseleno cytidine phosphoramidite and improved the accessibility of the 2'-methylseleno uridine phosphoramidite for the synthesis of many selenium-derivatized DNAs and RNAs in large scales. The yields of coupling these Se-nucleoside phosphoramidites into DNA or RNA oligonucleotides were over 99% when 5-(benzylmercapto)-1H-tetrazole was used as the coupling reagent. The UV melting study of A-form dsDNAs indicated that the 2'-selenium derivatization had no effect on the stability of the duplexes with the 3'-endo sugar pucker. Thus, the stems of functional RNA molecules with the same 3'-endo sugar pucker appear to be the ideal sites for the selenium derivatization with 2'-Se-C and 2'-Se-U. Crystallization of the selenium-derivatized oligonucleotides is also reported here. The results demonstrate that this 2'-selenium functionality is suitable for RNA and A-form DNA derivatization in X-ray crystallography.
Regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by glucagon in male and female rats. Role of cAMP and Ca2+ and interactions between epinephrine and glucagon. (1984)

The effects of 10(-10) to 10(-7) M glucagon on cAMP, phosphorylase a, cell calcium, and glucose production, and glucagon interactions with epinephrine were studied in isolated hepatocytes from adult male and female rats. At physiological concentrations (10(-10) - 10(-9) M), glucagon activated phosphorylase by increasing cAMP and not by raising the cytosolic free calcium. At supra-physiologic concentrations (and in the male only), glucagon slightly increased the cytosolic free calcium, the fractional efflux of calcium, and, after 2 h, decreased the cell calcium content. Exposure of hepatocytes to the simultaneous administration of 10(-9) M glucagon and 10(-7) M epinephrine resulted in a prolongation of the activation of phosphorylase a and a greater release of glucose from glycogen stores than exposure to either agonist alone. In the male, the effects of low concentrations of the two hormones on phosphorylase a activity were additive. Cytosolic free calcium was increased by 10(-6) M epinephrine from 280 to 500 nM while physiological concentrations of glucagon did not change it. In these intact cells, there was no evidence of an alpha 2-adrenergic inhibition of adenyl cyclase and no indication that cAMP depresses the rise in cell calcium induced by alpha-adrenergic stimuli.
A Joint Model of Usage and Churn in Contractual Settings (2013)

As firms become more customer-centric, concepts such as customer equity come to the fore. Any serious attempt to quantify customer equity requires modeling techniques that can provide accurate multiperiod forecasts of customer behavior. Although a number of researchers have explored the problem of modeling customer churn in contractual settings, there is surprisingly limited research on the modeling of usage while under contract. The present work contributes to the existing literature by developing an integrated model of usage and retention in contractual settings. The proposed method fully leverages the interdependencies between these two behaviors even when they occur on different time scales (or “clocks”), as is typically the case in most contractual/subscription-based business settings. We propose a model in which usage and renewal are modeled simultaneously by assuming that both behaviors reflect a common latent variable that evolves over time. We capture the dynamics in the latent variable using a hidden Markov model with a heterogeneous transition matrix and allow for unobserved heterogeneity in the associated usage process to capture time-invariant differences across customers. The model is validated using data from an organization in which an annual membership is required to gain the right to buy its products and services. We show that the proposed model outperforms a set of benchmark models on several important dimensions. Furthermore, the model provides several insights that can be useful for managers. For example, we show how our model can be used to dynamically segment the customer base and identify the most common “paths to death” (i.e., stages that customers go through before churn).