gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorting Out Astrocyte Physiology from Pharmacology (2008)

A number of exciting findings have been made in astrocytes during the past 15 years that have led many researchers to redefine how the brain works. Astrocytes are now widely regarded as cells that propagate Ca(2+) over long distances in response to stimulation, and, similar to neurons, release transmitters (called gliotransmitters) in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner to modulate a host of important brain functions. Although these discoveries have been very exciting, it is essential to place them in the proper context of the approaches used to obtain them to determine their relevance to brain physiology. This review revisits the key observations made in astrocytes that greatly impact how they are thought to regulate brain function, including the existence of widespread propagating intercellular Ca(2+) waves, data suggesting that astrocytes signal to neurons through Ca(2+)-dependent release of glutamate, and evidence for the presence of vesicular machinery for the regulated exocytosis of gliotransmitters.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1990)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access A Synopsis of Rheumatic Diseases 5th Edn. By Douglas N. Golding . Pp. 315. £25.00. Sevenoaks, Kent: Wright (imprint of Butterworth Scientific). 1989. F. Thien F. Thien Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 29, Issue 1, February 1990, Page 80, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/29.1.80-b Published: 01 February 1990
Effects of gossypol on DNA replication in mammalian cells (1988)

Gossypol, a binaphthalene compound, possesses male infertility effects. However, its mechanism of action and effects on somatic cells are not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gossypol on mammalian cell growth and DNA replication, using tissue culture cells (HeLa) as an in vivo model. Gossypol inhibited DNA synthesis in HeLa cells at low doses, without affecting RNA or protein synthesis. This caused cells to accumulate in S phase without affecting cells in other phases of the cell cycle. The inhibition of DNA synthesis was both dose- and time-dependent. This irreversible block was associated with a decrease in HeLa plating efficiency. Gossypol did bind to DNA but did not measurably affect its ability to serve as a template for DNA polymerase $\alpha$, the major replicative enzyme. Only in the absence of serum could gossypol induce single-strand DNA breaks in HeLa cells; no DNA-DNA or DNA-protein crosslinks were formed. Gossypol exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of a number of eukaryotic and prokaryotic replicative DNA polymerases both in vitro and in vivo. This inhibition was kinetically non-competitive with respect to the DNA template and dNTP substrates. Both a filter binding assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to study gossypol binding to DNA polymerase. Inhibition resulted from drug binding to two adjacent amino acid residues on the enzyme. Binding was found to be irreversible and mediated through either non-covalent interactions or by Schiff's base formation between the aldehyde groups of gossypol and the $\varepsilon$-NH$\sb2$ groups of amino acid residues on the polymerase. Structure-function studies using eleven gossypol derivatives revealed that both aldehyde and hydroxyl groups function independently to effect inhibition of DNA polymerase and DNA replication. The activities of DNA polymerase $\beta$ and ribonucleotide reductase were also inhibited by increasing gossypol concentrations. These studies demonstrate that the gossypol-mediated inhibition of DNA replication is due in part to inhibition of key replicative enzymes, such as DNA polymerase $\alpha$. The study of DNA polymerase may serve as a model for the interaction of enzymes with gossypol, a drug which may prove useful as a chemotherapeutic agent.
Initiation of hot cathode arc discharges by electron confinement in Penning and magnetron configurations (1982)

The paper describes a method to ignite hot cathode arc discharges by using ’’start-up’’ glow discharges in magnetron and Penning configuration. This method has been shown to provide the ignition of large, tantalum hollow cathode discharges even in a restricted space. It is simple, reliable, and requires lower voltages than some of the other methods.
Alternative method for differential phase-contrast imaging with weakly coherent hard x rays (2009)

Hard x-ray phase-contrast imaging provides high sensitivity to weakly absorbing low-$Z$ objects in medicine, biology, and materials science. Here, we describe a feasible method to obtain differential phase-contrast images directly with incoherent x-ray sources, avoiding the Talbot effect, which requires coherent x rays. This method was validated experimentally on material and biological samples, and the results prove that differential phase-contrast imaging can be realized under more relaxed conditions. It also demonstrates the feasibility of phase-contrast imaging with conventional x-ray tubes, and should benefit clinical diagnoses, biological examinations, and material inspections in the near future.
Genital herpes: audit of cases referred by general practitioners to a department of genito-urinary medicine. (1992)

An audit was carried out of all cases of genital herpes referred by a general practitioner to a department of genito-urinary medicine from 1987-1990. Attention was paid as to whether or not the diagnosis had been made correctly and what drugs, if any, the patient had been prescribed. A total of 196 patients (78 men, 118 women) were eligible for study. GPs correctly diagnosed herpes in 32/78 (41%) of the men. Among the 46 who were not diagnosed, 12 were prescribed antibacterial drugs, three were prescribed antifungal cream, two were prescribed a combination of the above and three received miscellaneous non-antiviral agents. GPs correctly diagnosed 56/118 (47%) of the women. Sixty-two women were not diagnosed, of whom 17 were prescribed anti-bacterial drugs, 21 were prescribed antifungal cream, seven were prescribed a combination of these and six received miscellaneous non-antiviral agents. GPs appeared to have difficulty in diagnosing genital herpes in these patients, with the result of prescription of inappropriate and expensive medications.
SEXUALITY, AUTHENTICITY AND THE MAKING OF THE BLUES TRADITION (2000)

Journal Article SEXUALITY, AUTHENTICITY AND THE MAKING OF THE BLUES TRADITION Get access Marybeth Hamilton Marybeth Hamilton Birkbeck CollegeLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 169, Issue 1, November 2000, Pages 132–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/169.1.132 Published: 01 November 2000
Digital Signal Controllers Improve Efficiency for Solar Power Inverters (2006)

A worldwide concern for future access to affordable, sustainable energy is driving the development of more efficient solar power generation. In any photovoltaic (PV)-based system, the inverter is a critical component responsible for current control between the PV module, battery, loads and power grid. Inverters, which convert direct to alternating current, can be designed to be used with different voltage ranges and topologies for varying applications, and they can also be designed with or without transformers. Besides DC/AC conversion, inverters provide additional functions such as maximizing power, battery charging and protecting the circuit. All of these functions require optimized intelligent control that can occur in real time or near-real time; and the wide variations in application and operational requirements mean that the system control has to be highly flexible. Digital signal processor (DSP)-based controllers, such as the Texas Instruments TMS320C2000 family of controllers, provide the high level of computational performance and programming flexibility needed for the real-time signal processing in solar power inverters. Highly integrated digital signal controllers help inverter manufacturers create more efficient, more cost-effective products that can support the growing demand for solar energy in upcoming years
Effects of Nickel Species on Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts in Carbon Nanotube and Hydrogen Production by Waste Plastic Gasification: Bench- and Pilot-Scale Tests (2015)

Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hydrogen is attractive for its efficient disposal. Although Ni-based catalysts are typically used in both hydrogen production and CNT synthesis, few studies have investigated the catalytic active site for the co-production of CNTs and hydrogen by waste plastic gasification. To evaluate the effect of nickel species distribution of the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, it was prepared by an impregnation method using different calcination atmospheres to determine their feasibility for the co-production of CNTs and hydrogen. For comparison, various Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for CNT growth were examined by CH4 thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Ni/Al2O3 calcined under a reductive H2 atmosphere (H–Ni/Al2O3) gave smaller nickel nanoparticles containing metallic nickel species, which showed optimal performance for CNT and hydrogen co-production by waste plastic gasification. In addition, the quality of the CNTs was higher using this process compared to the CNTs synthesized by CH4 thermal CVD. Further examination of the catalysis temperature found that the H–Ni/Al2O3 catalyst gave higher quality CNTs in a 24.3% yield, along with a hydrogen production rate of 325.4 mmol h–1 g–1 of catalyst at 680 °C. The produced H–Ni/Al2O3 contained metallic nickel, demonstrating an improved catalytic activity for CNT and hydrogen production from waste plastics.
The Molecular Evolution of Pyridoxal‐5′‐Phosphate‐Dependent Enzymes (2000)

The pyridoxal-5-phosphate-dependent enzymes (B6 enzymes) that act on amino acid substrates are of multiple evolutionary origin. The numerous common mechanistic features of B6 enzymes thus are not historical traits passed on from a common ancestor enzyme but rather reflect evolutionary or chemical necessities. Family profile analysis of amino acid sequences supported by comparison of the available three-dimensional (3-D) crystal structures indicates that the B6 enzymes known to date belong to four independent evolutionary lineages of homologous (or more precisely paralogous) proteins, of which the alpha family is by far the largest. The alpha family (with aspartate aminotransferase as the prototype enzyme) includes enzymes that catalyze, with several exceptions, transformations of amino acids in which the covalency changes are limited to the same carbon atom that carries the amino group forming the imine linkage with the coenzyme (i.e., Calpha in most cases). Enzymes of the beta family (tryptophan synthase beta as the prototype enzyme) mainly catalyze replacement and elimination reactions at Cbeta. The D-alanine aminotransferase family and the alanine racemase family are the two other independent lineages, both with relatively few member enzymes. The primordial pyridoxal-5-phosphate-dependent enzymes apparently were regio-specific catalysts that first diverged into reaction-specific enzymes and then specialized for substrate specificity. Aminotransferases as well as amino acid decarboxylases are found in two different evolutionary lineages. Comparison of sequences from eukaryotic, archebacterial, and eubacterial species indicates that the functional specialization of most B6 enzymes has occurred already in the universal ancestor cell. The cofactor pyridoxal-5-phosphate must have emerged very early in biological evolution; conceivably, organic cofactors and metal ions were the first biological catalysts. In attempts to stimulate particular steps of molecular evolution, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of active-site residues and directed molecular evolution have been applied to change both the substrate and reaction specificity of existent B6 enzymes. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate-dependent catalytic antibodies were elicited with a screening protocol that applied functional selection criteria as they might have been operative in the evolution of protein-assisted pyridoxal catalysis.
A thermoplastic mandibular advancement device for the management of non-apnoeic snoring: a randomized controlled trial (2006)

This randomized, controlled, crossover trial assessed the effectiveness of an adjustable, thermoplastic, mandibular advancement device (MAD), the TheraSnore, in the management of non-apnoeic snoring. Twenty-three adults who had been referred for a MAD wore the appliance in both a non-advanced and advanced position for 4-6 weeks: the starting position of the MAD was randomized. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and after each phase of MAD wear using questionnaires [(Epworth Sleepiness Scale, snoring history, sleep disturbance, side-effects of the appliance) and a visual analogue scale (daytime sleepiness)]. Eleven subjects had overnight sleep studies at baseline and with the appliance in each position to assess snoring frequency (snores/hour), oxygen saturation, and apnoea hypopnoea index. Supine radiographs were used to examine the oropharyngeal airway at baseline and in response to both appliance positions. In comparison with the non-advanced appliance, the advanced MAD reduced the snores per hour from a median of 398 to 17 (P = 0.002). Sleeping partners reported a marked improvement in their own daytime tiredness (P = 0.002) and sleep disturbance (P = 0.001) when the subject wore the active appliance. The most common side-effect was a dry mouth and 64 per cent of subjects considered the appliance bulky. Radiographic analysis revealed significant vertical opening associated with the appliance and small but significant post-lingual changes with protrusion. The results suggest that the advanced TheraSnore MAD is effective in the treatment of snoring in two out of three non-apnoeic snorers, their sleeping partners derive benefits from this form of treatment, and that complaints of bulkiness and dry mouth may to be related to the inherent vertical opening of the TheraSnore.
International cooperation: The pathway for cattle genomics (2012)

• Genomic selection tools are radically changing the way dairy cattle genetics is organized worldwide by providing the means to reduce generation intervals and accelerate genetic progress. As a result, young genomically selected bulls are quickly replacing progeny-tested bulls in the top lists. • To achieve moderate reliabilities in genomic predictions, large reference populations of progeny-tested animals have to be assembled, and this number increases dramatically for traits with low heritability. International cooperation becomes imperative, both for joining databases of genotypes and for obtaining phenotypic information translated into the respective national scale (Interbull multiple-trait across-country evaluation estimates). • Keeping the Interbull conventional international evaluations (based on national conventional estimated breeding values) as a source of phenotypic information for the national genomic predictive models requires maintaining conventional evaluation models at the national level. • Interbull is establishing a new framework to incorporate genomics into international evaluations. The main actions include intensifying networking opportunities; validating national genomically enhanced breeding values; and developing genomically enhanced multiple-trait across-country evaluations, Intergenomics, and a genomic data repository.
Realization of two‐dimensional digital filters with powers‐of‐two coefficients (1992)

Abstract This paper aims at the simplification of operation and the reduction of hardware complexity and presents the construction of the two‐dimensional digital filter using powers‐of‐two coefficients. The proposed two‐dimensional digital filter is composed of a cascade connection of one‐dimensional digital filters with different frequency axis. The digital filter is structured as a cascade connection of the stopband‐forming filter and the passband‐compensating filter. The stopband‐forming filter is composed of the cascade connection of recursive running sum (RRS), and the passband‐compensating filter is constructed as a linear‐phase FIR or IIR type. The proposed method is especially effective for constructing a narrowband LPF. The zero coefficient sensitivity is realized by eliminating the multiplier. Another point is that the elliptic or polygonal two‐ dimensional filter can be approximated, which has been impossible by McClellan transform. The proposed method can realize more general two‐dimensional digital filters with a smaller hardware complexity, thereby eliminating the multiplier. Finally, it is verified by design examples that the hardware complexity is reduced in the proposed two‐dimensional digital filter, compared to the traditional method.
Efficient Representation of Multi-View Data (2010)

We consider the problem of representing large sets of multiview images efficiently. We first study the properties of such data and recall the notion of plenoptic function. Then propose an efficient segmentation algorithm based on level-set method.
Multi-cache: Dynamic, Efficient Partitioning for Multi-tier Caches in Consolidated VM Environments (2016)

Every physical machine in today's typical datacenter is backed by storage devices with hundreds of Gigabytes to Terabytes in size. Data center vendors usually use hard disk drives for their back-end storage as it is cheap and reliable. However, the increase in the I/O accesses to the back-end storage from one or many of the VMs hosted on a physical machine can reduce its overall accesses time significantly due to contention. This may not be suitable for interactive applications requiring low latency that might be co-located with other I/O intensive applications. In this paper we present Multi-Cache, a multi-layer cache management system that uses a combination of cache devices of varied speed and cost such as solid state drives, non-volatile memories, etc to mitigate this problem. Multi-Cache partitions each device dynamically at runtime according to the workload of each VM and its priority. We use a heuristic optimization technique that ensures maximum utilization of the caches resulting in a high hit rate. We use a weighted partitioning policy that improves latency by up to 72% for individual workloads, and a overall hit rate increase of up to 31% for host running several workloads together in comparison to standard LRU caching algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOTHIAZOL‐DERIVATE VON 1,2,4‐TRIAZOL (1972)

Abstract ICO as Hydrazid (I) wird mit den Thioharnstoffen (II) über die Guanidine (III) in ie Triazole (IV) übergeführt.
Practical Application of Bayesian Reliability Demonstration (2007)

This paper builds on the work of Yates & Mosleh [1] in developing a Bayesian reliability demonstration methodology for Australian defence that is simple to employ yet effective in minimizing test resources, maximizing test accuracy and ultimately minimizing financial and operational risk. The additional work is required primarily to resolve issues with respect to understanding the influence of the various parameters and test planning. The paper presents a sensitivity analysis on the parameters of BRDT's, which establishes that the parameters of the Prior are the most significant source of error in the analysis. It also shows that the results are not particularly sensitive to variations in weight. A number of test planning methodologies for both exponential MTBF and P5 problems are then considered, with the conclusion that the sequential BRDT approach outlined in [2] is the most appropriate to meet the requirements. On the basis of these findings, the paper discusses a potential BRDT process for Australian Defence based on sequential methods and the work of [I]. This will require specification of maximum weights for each evidence class and acceptable risks in the contractual documents, as well as the required reliability characteristics. It will also necessitate formal pre-posterior analysis to ensure the Prior is appropriate and may also require the contractor to seek out additional evidence to satisfy the risk goals.
Preparation and Solvolysis of 6β,19-Oxido-17-ethylenedioxy-3α,5α-cycloandrostane (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Solvolysis of 6β,19-Oxido-17-ethylenedioxy-3α,5α-cycloandrostaneJack TadanierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 7, 1744–1751Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01042a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01042a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
This Loste Land (1900)

A?,T, TRELAND REVIEW.grading and cruel practises which are involved in cattle growing, and in the drovers and butchering trades.I think we cannot expect to see Ireland happv till she is again pure, and true purity
Technology Acceptance Model And The Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology (2015)

Abstract This article presents an overview of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. I trace its origins, which relates back to the technology acceptance model, and discuss related models. I share some of my experiences, as an author, editor, and reviewer, to identify some common problems in current research investigations in this area. Drawing on these lessons, I make suggestions for future research on this topic.
Spin Transition in Magnesiowüstite in Earth’s Lower Mantle (2006)

Iron in the major lower mantle (LM) minerals undergoes a high spin (HS) to low spin (LS) transition at relevant pressures (23-135 GPa). Previous failures of standard first principles approaches to describe this phenomenon have hindered its investigation and the clarification of important consequences. Using a rotationally invariant formulation of LDA + U we report a successful study of this transition in low solute concentration magnesiowüstite, (Mg(1-x)Fe(x)(O), (x < 0.2) the second most abundant LM phase. We show that the HS-LS transition goes through an insulating (semiconducting) intermediate mixed spins (MS) state without discontinuous changes in properties, as seen experimentally. We show that the HS state crosses over smoothly to the LS state passing through an insulating MS state where properties change continuously, as seen experimentally.
Optocoupler BGA package (2003)

The article presents the design of an optocoupler BGA. A low profile miniature surface mount component is described up to 1.20 mm in height having a footprint smaller than the current PDIP form factors. The optocoupler BGA does not need encapsulation (mold compounds) and its manufacturing tooling is form factor independent. Its design also lends itself to improved reliability performance in accelerated tests such as thermal cycling. Using Pb-free solder balls an all Pb-free package can be constructed.