gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skewed T cell receptor V<i><sub>α</sub></i> repertoire among superantigen reactive murine T cells (1993)

Reactivity of murine T cells with viral or bacterial superantigens is clearly correlated with the expression of TCR V beta domains. Thus, T cells responding to the minor lymphocyte stimulatory locus (Mls-1a) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) express predominantly TCR V beta 6 or V beta 8.2 respectively. We have investigated the involvement of the other major variable element of the TCR, the V alpha domain, in these superantigen responses. Using a panel of anti-TCR V alpha mAbs, it is demonstrated that the TCR V alpha repertoire among superantigen stimulated V beta 6+ or V beta 8.2+ blasts (responding to Mls-1a or SEB respectively in vitro) is altered in comparison with anti-CD3 stimulated cells expressing the same V beta domains. Furthermore, the TCR V alpha repertoire is strongly skewed in TCR V beta 8.2 transgenic mice that have undergone extensive peripheral clonal deletion after SEB injection. These data imply that the V alpha domain influences superantigen recognition by the TCR.
Design of the Smart Grid Architecture According to Fractal Principles and the Basics of Corresponding Market Structure (2019)

Nowadays, there is a dramatic upsurge in the use of renewable energy resources, ICT and digitalization that requires more than the straightforward refinements of an established power system structure. New solutions are required to perform dynamic optimizations in real time, closed loops and so on, taking into account the high requirements on data privacy and cyber security. The LINK-paradigm was designed to meet these requirements. It was developed on the basis of the bottom-up method that can lead to misinterpretations or wrong conclusions. This work mainly deals with the verification of the authenticity and correctness of LINK. Fractal analysis is used to identify the unique and independent elements of smart grids required for the design of an architectural paradigm. The signature of the fractal structure, the so-called fractal pattern, is founded and referred to as electrical appliances (ElA). The latter has proven to be the key component of the architectural LINK paradigm. The definition of the LINK paradigm is finally validated: It consists of unique and independent elements that avoid misinterpretation or the need for any changes in its definition. Additionally, the fractal analysis indicates two fractal anomalies in the existing power system structure, while the fractal dimension calculation insinuates the highest complexity in the fractal level of electrical devices. The LINK-based holistic architecture is given a finishing touch. A compact presentation of the control chain strategy is provided that should facilitate its practical implementation. The basis for the harmonization of the market structure with the grid link arrangements is established. The processes of demand response and conservation voltage reduction are presented under the new findings.
INHIBITION OF Staphylococcus aureus GROWTH BY COMBINATIONS OF BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, AND pH (1979)

ABSTRACT Trypticase Soy Broth containing butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0, 50 or 100 ppm) and sodium chloride (NaCl: 3, 5, or 7%) at pH 5.0. 6.0, or 7.0 was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus S‐6 to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of these chemicals in concert. BHA at the levels tested became more effective in preventing growth as the pH of the medium was decreased and the NaCl concentration was increased. The combination of 100 ppm BHA with 5 or 7% NaCl at all three pH levels tested had the strongest bactericidal effect.
A Comprehensive Study of<i>Candida</i>‐Specific Antibodies in the Saliva of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (2002)

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a common oral opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. Although most cases of OPC correlate with reduced systemic levels of CD4(+) T cells, the role of humoral immunity in protection against mucosal candidiasis, including OPC, remains questionable. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of saliva from 33 HIV-negative and 68 HIV-positive individuals, stratified by OPC status and peripheral CD4(+) cell count, was conducted to measure levels of total and Candida-specific immunoglobulin A(IgA) and IgG antibodies, including subclasses and secretory IgA. Despite changes in total immunoglobulin levels, when levels of Candida-specific antibodies were normalized to total protein or total immunoglobulin of the corresponding isotype, no distinct differences in IgG (including subclasses), IgA (including subclasses), or secretory IgA levels were seen, regardless of HIV status, OPC status, or CD4(+) cell count. These data suggest that when a complete repertoire of antibodies is evaluated, with appropriate normalization of data, there is no evidence of appreciable changes in levels of Candida-specific antibodies in saliva that would account for the prevalence of OPC among HIV-positive individuals.
Integrated active noise control communication headsets (2003)

In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of integrated active noise control (ANC) communication headsets. This integrated system provides cancellation of noise that corrupted both the transmitted near-end speech and the received far-end speech. It utilizes an adaptive feedback ANC filter to reduce acoustic noise that corrupts the far-end signal inside the ear cups of the headsets, and uses an adaptive noise-canceling filter to enhance the near-end speech before sending it to the far-end. This integrated approach minimizes the required signal processing components, and optimizes the functionality of each processing block for combining noise cancellation tasks in the communication headsets. Computer simulations using recorded noise, speech signals, and measured headset impulse response are carried out to evaluate the performance of this integrated system.
Growth and Fruiting of Compact and Hy Normal Corn Types Under a High Population Stress<sup>1</sup> (1961)

Synopsis The ability of plants of the maize mutant, compact , to produce grain under conditions of population stress is due to the termination of vegetative growth at an earlier stage of plant development than in normal plants. The compact plants are then supporting only the reproductive functions at a time when normal plants are attempting to support both the reproductive functions and a high rate of vegetative growth.
Scalability and efficiency challenges in large-scale web search engines (2014)

Large-scale web search engines rely on massive compute infrastructures to be able to cope with the continuous growth of the Web and their user bases. In such search engines, achieving scalability and efficiency requires making careful architectural design choices while devising algorithmic performance optimizations. Unfortunately, most details about the internal functioning of commercial web search engines remain undisclosed due to their financial value and the high level of competition in the search market. The main objective of this tutorial is to provide an overview of the fundamental scalability and efficiency challenges in commercial web search engines, bridging the existing gap between the industry and academia.
Damage to Polymer of Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent (2008)

The polymer of paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) plays an important role in controlling the release of paclitaxel. Damage to the polymer of a PES that is used in a patient has not been demonstrated, although in-vitro studies report disruption of it. The present case report describes damage to a PES as delivery through a calcified coronary artery was being attempted.
Abstract IA3: The Co-Clinical Trial Project (2014)

Abstract Herein we report the first application of a “Co-Clinical” approach, and assess the effectiveness of this integrated platform to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (CaP). Surprisingly, we find that physical castration counteracts tumour progression in a Pten-loss driven mouse model of CaP through the induction of a potent apoptotic response and proliferation block. We took advantage of these findings to identify “co-clinically” new determinants of ADT resistance. We show that the tumour suppressive response to ADT is completely bypassed as a consequence of concomitant deletion of either Trp53 or Lrf together with Pten, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Mechanistically, we find that compound loss of Pten with Lrf or Trp53 triggers the down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Xaf1, along with the up-regulation of the steroid 5-alpha-reductase enzyme Srd5a1, hence promoting CaP cell survival in low androgen conditions. Integrated acquisition of data from mouse and human CaP identifies p53/LRF/XAF1/SRD5A1 as a novel predictive signature for castration resistance. Importantly, we further show both in vitro and in vivo that combined inhibition of XAF1/XIAP and AR pathways overcomes castration resistance. Thus these results provide a proof of principle for the “Co-Clinical” approach as a means to facilitate the stratification of human patients and the development of tailored therapeutic treatments. Citation Format: Pier Paolo Pandolfi. The Co-Clinical Trial Project. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA3.
Comparison of Needle Deviation During Regional Anesthetic Techniques in a Laboratory Model (1995)

Although many characteristics of needles used for spinal and epidural anesthesia have been studied extensively, the amount that a needle deviates from a straight path while passing through tissue has been relatively ignored.A laboratory model was used to determine the amount of needle deviation produced when different types of new spinal needles and epidural needles were passed through porcine tissue. Both needle point design and, to a lesser extent, needle gauge were found to influence the amount and direction of needle deviation. Deviation was found to be the least for the pencil-point spinal needles (Whitacre, Sprotte Registered Trademark, Safetap Trademark, range 0.60-1.00 mm/50 mm tissue, analysis of variance (ANOVA) P < 0.001). Needles commonly used for epidural anesthesia (Tuohy, Hustead, Crawford) exhibited increased deviation (range 1.73-3.54 mm/50 mm tissue), although the largest amount was seen with beveled spinal needles (Quincke, Atraucan Registered Trademark) (range 4.42-5.90 mm/50 mm tissue). The possible clinical significance of needle deviation during the performance of a regional anesthetic is discussed. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:630-3)
The Influence of Wet Pickup on Lateral Migration during Drying (1992)

As wet pickup on cotton fabrics is reduced the extent of migration is also reduced. Migration is due to liquid in the larger capillaries transferring to the smaller capillaries in the fabric matrix. When all the large capillaries are depleted of liquid, migration is reduced considerably. The subject of this paper is the determination of the critical wet pickup for cessation of lateral migration during drying.
Prophylaxis with Diphenylhydantoin and Phenobarbital in Alumina‐Gel Monkey Model (1976)

Utilizing an alumina-gel epileptic monkey model, with instrumentation for continuous monitoring of all overt, spontaneous motor seizures, the efficacy of pharmacologic prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy was explored. The alumina-gel model provides a relatively standardized brain trauma from monkey to monkey, resulting in virtually complete assurance that all animals will manifest, in time, electrical and clinical seizures if not treated. Thirteen rhesus monkeys were divided into two groups of 8 drug-treated and 5 placebo animals, respectively. Administration of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in a combined regimen commenced within 48 hr of the alumina-gel injections. After 1 year the monkeys were withdrawn from either their drugs or placebo and followed for a subsequent 4 month period. The data for the first 12-month period indicate that anticonvulsant treatment of potentially epileptic monkeys decreased both the frequency and severity of seizures they would have had without treatment. All animals manifested an electrical focus and overt seizures, but the drug monkeys had only partial seizures whereas the placebo monkeys exhibited secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The follow-up, no-treatment data of 4 months are reported in the following paper.
RECENT THEORIES OF THE SULPHURIC ACID PROCESS. (1892)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRECENT THEORIES OF THE SULPHURIC ACID PROCESS.William R. PotterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1892, 14, 2, 24–34Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1892Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1892https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02123a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02123a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CILIA – Conditional immortalization of murine alveolar epithelial cells (2014)

The blood-air barrier is formed by the alveolar epithelium of the peripheral lung consisting of mainly two cell types. The squamous alveolar epithelial type I cells (ATI) cover up to 97% of the total surface area and hence are responsible for the pulmonary gas exchange. However, alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII) are cuboidal and undertake various functions including synthesis and secretion of surfactant, proliferative capacity and ion transport. Till date there is no murine cell line available that reflects the crucial barrier properties of primary ATI cells, which are functional tight junctions and as a consequence high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The immortalization of alveolar epithelial cells could sustainably diminish the number of animal testing according to the 3R principle (“refine, reduce, replace”) and provide the development of in vitro model systems which can be applied for drug delivery and pulmonary diseases studies. To overcome the laborious procedure of isolating primary cells and to enhance the reproducibility of in vitro test systems, we aim at the immortalization of alveolar epithelial cells from mice with different genetic background to generate novel cell lines mimicking the blood-air barrier. We established protocols for immortalization of primary murine alveolar epithelial cells (mAEpC). For this purpose, we lentivirally transduced bona fide immortalizing genes such as the simian virus large T antigen or a set of proliferation genes. Upon infection, cell lines could be established that exhibit a prolonged lifespan and show TEER values comparable with those of primary cells. Currently, these cells are characterized more detailed with respect to the expression of lung specific marker genes. These cell systems could allow standardized toxicity and transport studies for newly developed compounds and be helpful in elucidating infection pathways across the respiratory tract in the context of aerosol transmitted infectious diseases (e.g. swine flu, tuberculosis, etc.).
Direction of Arrival Estimation with a Novel Single-Port Smart Antenna (2004)

A novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation technique that uses the conventional multiple-signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm with periodic signals is applied to a single-port smart antenna. Results show that the proposed method gives a high-resolution (1 degree) DOA estimation in an uncorrelated signal environment. The novelty lies in that the MUSIC algorithm is applied to a simplified antenna configuration. Only 1 analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is used in this antenna, which features low power consumption, low cost, and ease of fabrication. Modifications to the conventional MUSIC algorithm do not bring much additional complexity. The proposed technique is also free from the negative influence by the mutual coupling among antenna elements. Therefore, it offers an economical way to extensively implement smart antennas into the existing wireless mobile communications systems, especially at the power consumption limited mobile terminals such as laptops in wireless networks.
Evaluation of contaminant flux rates from sediments of Sinclair Inlet, WA, using a benthic flux sampling device. Final report (1993)

A Benthic Flux Sampling Device (BFSD) was demonstrated on site to determine the mobility of contaminants in sediments off the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (PSNS) in Sinclair Inlet, WA. Quantification of toxicant flux from the sediments will support ongoing assessment studies and facilitate the design of appropriate remediation strategies, if required. In general, where release of contaminants was found, the measured rates do not represent a significant source relative to other major inputs such as sewer discharges, nonpoint source runoff, and marinas. They may, however, represent an exposure pathway for benthic biota with a subsequent potential for toxicological effects and/or bioaccumulation. Environmental assessment, CIVAPP:Toxicity, CIVAPP:Marine chemistry, Hazardous waste.
Analysis of Turbine Generator Steady-State Reactances for Load Conditions. (1997)

This paper describes variations of turbine generator steady-state reactances for load conditions. When the turbine generator is a small size, magnetic saturation of the stator and rotor core is a problem. Therefore it is important to understand the variations of the reactances for load conditions. The reactances of a 592MVA turbine generator are calculated with d- and q-axis equations considering magnetic saturation and two-dimensional numerical magnetic field analysis. The results are as follows.(1) The equivalent synchronous reactances considering cross-magnetizing phenomenon are smaller than the original synchronous reactances for load conditions.(2) Numerical values of the d- and q-axis mutual reactance and the field and q-axis mutual reactance are at their maximum when the d-axis linkage flux is nearly equal to the q-axis linkage flux under constant voltage.(3) The d-axis synchronous reactance drops with increasing reactive power under constant voltage and active power, but the q-axis synchronous reactance increases.(4) The variation of the equivalent d-axis synchronous reactance with increasing reactive power is similar to that of the d-axis synchronous reactance, but variation of the equivalent q-axis synchronous reactance is different from that of the q-axis synchronous reactance.
Identification d'un filtre hyperfréquences par approximation dans le domaine complexe (1998)

Ce rapport présente une approche utilisée pour résoudre un problème d'identification rencontré par le CNES lors de la synthèse et du réglage de filtres hyperfréquences. Étant données des mesures fréquentielles de la fonction de transfert inconnue d'un filtre dans sa bande de fréquences, on souhaite obtenir une fonction rationnelle d'ordre donné - déterminé par la géométrie et les paramètres physiques du filtre - qui rende compte de façon satisfaisante de ces mesures. Ce problème peut être abordé par deux étapes successives d'approximation dans des espaces de fonctions analytiques qui ont été étudiées en détail dans le projet. Cette approche a donné lieu à des algorithmes de résolution qui ont été implémentés dans le logiciel Hyperion décrit ici. Les paramètres physiques du filtre sont ensuite estimés à l'aide d'une représentation d'état adaptée.
Ionic Liquids: Electropolymerization of a Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Monomer Yields an Electroactive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer (Adv. Funct. Mater. 13/2010) (2010)

M. A. Firestone et al. present a polymer that incorporates an electronic component with an ionic liquid and produces a mixed ionic and electronic conductor on page 2063. Electropolymerization of a bifunctional imidazolium-based ionic liquid monomer incorporating both vinyl and thiophene groups yields a liquid-crystalline polymer that adopts an interconnected network structure formed by two orthogonally oriented lamellar sheets. The structural ordering leads to enhanced electrical conductivity.
Erratum: “Free-energy analysis of water affinity in polymer studied by atomistic molecular simulation combined with the theory of solutions in the energy representation” [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 234903 (2012)] (2014)

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Oogenesis from Human Somatic Stem Cells and a Role of Immune Adaptation in Premature Ovarian Failure (2006)

The central thesis is that, while embryonic oocytes originate from extra-ovarian sources, those generated during fetal period and in postnatal life are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). With the assistance of immune system-related cells, primitive granulosa and germ cells appear to originate from OSE stem cells in the fetal and adult human gonads. Fetal primary follicles are formed during the second trimester of intrauterine life, prior to the end of immune adaptation, possibly in order to be recognized as self and renewed later. With the onset of menarche, a periodical follicular renewal emerges to replace aging primary follicles and ensure that fresh eggs are always available during the prime reproductive period. The periodical follicular renewal ceases between 35-40 years of age, and the remaining primary follicles are utilized during the premenopausal period until exhausted. However, the persisting oocytes accumulate genetic alterations and may become unsuitable for ovulation and fertilization. Premature ovarian failure (POF) may result from premature termination of follicular renewal during adulthood, possibly due to the alteration of fetal follicular development during immune adaptation (idiopathic POF), or due to the alteration of the adult immune system by cytostatic chemotherapy. Factors responsible for the diminution of follicular renewal may be responsible for the aging of other tissues and the whole body in general. However, our recent research shows that OSE stem cells may produce new eggs in vitro, even when derived from ovaries lacking primary follicles. Consequently, their in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequent utilization of embryos for intrauterine implantation may represent a novel IVF approach for providing genetically related children to women with ovarian infertility, which is worthy of consideration and further exploration.