gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bench-to-bedside review: An approach to hemodynamic monitoring - Guyton at the bedside (2012)

Hemodynamic monitoring is used to identify deviations from hemodynamic goals and to assess responses to therapy. To accomplish these goals one must understand how the circulation is regulated. In this review I begin with an historical review of the work of Arthur Guyton and his conceptual understanding of the circulation and then present an approach by which Guyton's concepts can be applied at the bedside. Guyton argued that cardiac output and central venous pressure are determined by the interaction of two functions: cardiac function, which is determined by cardiac performance; and a return function, which is determined by the return of blood to the heart. This means that changes in cardiac output are dependent upon changes of one of these two functions or of both. I start with an approach based on the approximation that blood pressure is determined by the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance and that cardiac output is determined by cardiac function and venous return. A fall in blood pressure with no change in or a rise in cardiac output indicates that a decrease in vascular resistance is the dominant factor. If the fall in blood pressure is due to a fall in cardiac output then the role of a change in the return function and cardiac function can be separated by the patterns of changes in central venous pressure and cardiac output. Measurement of cardiac output is a central component to this approach but until recently it was not easy to obtain and was estimated from surrogates. However, there are now a number of non-invasive devices that can give measures of cardiac output and permit the use of physiological principles to more rapidly appreciate the primary pathophysiology behind hemodynamic abnormalities and to provide directed therapy.
A surface-normal reflective optical modulator at a wavelength of 1.3 μm using the Wannier-Stark effect of the InP/InGaAsP superlattice (2002)

A surface-normal reflective optical modulator for the wavelength of 1.3 /spl mu/m was investigated using the Wannier-Stark effect of an InP/InGaAsP superlattice (SL). Electroabsorption properties of two devices with different miniband widths were compared. It was found that the modulator with a larger miniband width has a larger extinction ratio. The effect of the electric field distribution in the thick SL region was discussed. A chirped superlattice was introduced to compensate for the electric field distribution.
Rule based machine translation combined with statistical post editor for Japanese to English patent translation (2007)

Since sentences in patent texts are long, they are difficult to translate by a machine. Although statistical machine translation is one of the major streams of the field, long patent sentences are difficult to translate not using syntactic analysis. We propose the combination of a rule based method and a statistical method. It is a rule based machine translation (RMT) with a statistical based post editor (SPE). The evaluation by the NIST score shows RMT+SPE is more accurate than RMT only. Manual checks, however, show the outputs of RMT+SPE often have strange expressions in the target language. So we propose a new evaluation measure NMG (normalized mean grams). Although NMG is based on n-gram, it counts the number of words in the longest word sequence matches between the test sentence and the target language reference corpus. We use two reference corpora. One is the reference translation only the other is a large scaled target language corpus. In the former case, RMT+SPE wins in the later case, RMT wins. 1.
Adverse Effects of Statins - Mechanisms and Consequences (2009)

Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, which converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Statins lower plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by causing intracellular cholesterol depletion and upregulating the expression of LDL receptors. Apart from cholesterol, mevalonate is also the substrate for the synthesis of nonsteroid isoprenoids including farnesylpyrophosphate, geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (both attached to small GTP-binding proteins by protein prenyltransferases), coenzyme Q, dolichol, isopentenyladenosine, etc. Depletion of these isoprenoids results in so called "pleiotropic" effects of statins which are independent of cholesterol lowering. Although statins are generally well-tolerated, adverse effects may occur in some patients. These effects result from impaired protein prenylation, deficiency of coenzyme Q involved in mitochondrial electron transport and antioxidant protection, abnormal protein glycosylation due to dolichol shortage, or deficiency of selenoproteins. Myopathy is the most frequent side effect of statins and in some cases may have a form of severe rhabdomyolysis. Less common adverse effects include hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, impaired myocardial contractility and autoimmune diseases. The risk of these unfavorable effects is largely outweighed by great reduction of cardiovascular events in statin users. However, due to increasing number of patients taking statins, monitoring for any side effects, intense research to recognize their mechanisms and to identify susceptible patients, as well as rational management of these complications are mandatory to further improve safety of these excellent drugs.
Selection of genomic sequences that bind tightly to Ff gene 5 protein: primer-free genomic SELEX (2004)

Single-stranded DNA or RNA libraries used in SELEX experiments usually include primer-annealing sequences for PCR amplification. In genomic SELEX, these fixed sequences may form base pairs with the central genomic fragments and interfere with the binding of target molecules to the genomic sequences. In this study, a method has been developed to circumvent these artificial effects. Primer-annealing sequences are removed from the genomic library before selection with the target protein and are then regenerated to allow amplification of the selected genomic fragments. A key step in the regeneration of primer-annealing sequences is to employ thermal cycles of hybridization-extension, using the sequences from unselected pools as templates. The genomic library was derived from the bacteriophage fd, and the gene 5 protein (g5p) from the phage was used as a target protein. After four rounds of primer-free genomic SELEX, most cloned sequences overlapped at a segment within gene 6 of the viral genome. This sequence segment was pyrimidine-rich and contained no stable secondary structures. Compared with a neighboring genomic fragment, a representative sequence from the family of selected sequences had about 23-fold higher g5p-binding affinity. Results from primer-free genomic SELEX were compared with the results from two other genomic SELEX protocols.
A High-Speed Recording Yarn Tensiometer (1952)

A yarn tensiometer is described which is capable of detecting and recording variations in tension occurring at a rate of the order of 100 cycles per sec. Tension variations of a con siderable magnitude at such frequencies have been shown to exist in yarn running on standard textile machinery.
Respiratory Manifestations of Hashish Smoking (1972)

Hashish smoking is becoming more prevalent while the controversy centered around marihuana continues. It is a potent product of the plant, Cannabis sativa and is produced by scraping resin from the tops of the leaves. Hashish contains five to ten times more tetrahydrocannabinol per weight than marihuana. Two hundred hashish smokers presented with symptoms of pharyngitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, or asthma. They directly and temporally related these symptoms to hashish smoking. Six patients with bronchitis, who smoked 50 gm or more of hashish a month, underwent bronchoscopy and biopsy. Microscopic examination showed abnormal respiratory mucosae with atypical cells, loss of cilia, and epithelial cell hyperplasia in all six patients.
Field Emission Deflection Energy Analyzer (1972)

A Simpson-Kuyatt type spherical deflection energy analyzer has been adapted to a field emission source. A special decelerating lens allows the analyzer to be used over a wide range of electron energies and energy resolutions. For an electron energy of 2000 eV, a resolution of 20 meV has been demonstrated, while better resolution can be obtained for lower energies (∼10 meV at 1000 eV). Special techniques and new design features were employed to make the new analyzer compatible with ultrahigh vacuum (∼10−12 Torr).
Nationwide Numbering Plan (1952)

In telephone language a numbering plan gives each telephone in a city, a town, or a geographical area an identity or designation different from that given any other telephone in the same area. There is a wide variation in the types of numbering arrangements in use today in the Bell System, and this paper gives the reasons for this diversity, and examples of the various numbering plans now in use. With the introduction of modern toll switching facilities and the extension of toll dialing to nationwide scope, it was realized that an improvement in the method of dialing toll calls to distant cities was essential in order to realize the maximum speed and accuracy inherent in toll dialing. A nationwide numbering plan covering the United States and Canada has been designed. Each of the more than 20,000 central offices in the two countries are to be given a distinctive designation which identifies that particular office. This designation is to consist of a regional or area code and a central office code The new switching equipment for the key points in the toll network is being designed so that any toll operator, wherever located, will use the same designation or code for reaching a given office. The combination involved in laying out these areas and the composition of the area codes are presented. A total of 152 codes are available of which approximately 90 are assigned to the present numbering plan areas. Ultimately each central office will he given a type of number consisting of an office name and five numerical digits, such as LOcust 4–5678, in which the first two letters of the office name become the two letters of the central office code. The entire program will take a considerable number of years to realize, but is one which must be accomplished in order to achieve the best results in operator toll dialing and the ultimate goal of nationwide customer toll dialing.
Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy: Cancer Treatment and Research Series (1990)

Journal Article Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy: Cancer Treatment and Research Series Get access Robert F. Ozols , ed. Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers , 1989 , 210 pp. $92.50. MACE ROTHENBERG MACE ROTHENBERG Division of Cancer TreatmentNational Cancer Institute Buldg. 31, Rm. 3A49, Bethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 8, 18 April 1990, Page 710, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.8.710 Published: 18 April 1990
Suppression of Coherent Radiation by Electrons in a Synchrotron (1954)

Approximate expressions are obtained for the coherent radiation loss by electrons in a synchrotron in the presence of finite parallel plate metallic shields, such as the pole faces of the magnet. The results would seem to provide a useful interpolation between the two simple limiting cases of shielding by infinite plates and no shielding at all.
Biomarkers for Lung Cancer (2009)

O ver the last decade, intense interest has been focused on discovery of biom arkers and their clinical uses. Lung cancer biom arker discovery has particular em inence in this field due to its anticipated critical role in risk stratification, early detection, treatm ent selection, prognostication, and m onitoring for recurrence of cancer. Significant progress has been m ade in our understanding of the steps involved in lung carcinogenesis and in developm ent of novel technologies for biom arker discovery. The m ost active areas of research have been in prom oter hyperm ethylation, proteom ics, and genom ics. Many investigators have adopted panels of serum biom arkers in an attem pt to increase sensitivity. M arkers for identification of lung cancer patients who m ay benefit from targeted therapy have been developed m ore rapidly. Development of targeted lung cancer therapy has engendered interest in m arkers for identification of optim al candidates for these therapies. Despite extensive study to date, few have turned out to be useful in the clinic. Even those used in the clinic do not show enough sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility for general use. All biom arkers identified so far m ust be validated in larger clinical cohorts. (
NMR Structural studies on the zinc finger domains of nuclear hormone receptors (1995)

This chapter presents an overview of the application of modern NMR methods in structural studies of the DNA binding domains (DBDs) of nuclear hormone receptors. The DBDs studied so far comprise those of the glucocorticoid, estrogen, retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors. NMR spectroscopy has allowed the elucidation of the first structures of this family of C4-type zinc fingers, which led to a better understanding of their role in gene regulation. Crystallographic studies provided insight in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Subsequent studies, applying NMR, have provided deeper insight into a diversity of issues concerning these proteins, ranging from backbone dynamics and metal coordination to the interaction of these domains with their DNA target sites. From this work a picture emerges of a class of closely related zinc-binding proteins which, despite their strong sequence homology, exhibit interesting structural and functional differences between members of different subfamilies.
‘So slide over here’: the aesthetics of masculinity in late twentieth-century Australian pop music (2004)

For Australian men, the very act of appearing on stage has for much of the twentieth century aroused suspicion about their gender status and their sexuality. To aspire to the stage often implied homosexuality culturally in Australia. This has been evident in the evolving aesthetic of white Australian masculinity in pop music from the 1970s onwards. For most of that period, Anglo-Australian males who presented themselves in a rigid, almost asexual way dominated the aesthetic. The reality of urban Australia was ignored in their images, which were essentially confined to outback or coastal Australian settings. This paper examines that development as part of a continuum of twentieth century Australian male music performance that has variously been informed by the bush legend; a mythologised late nineteenth-century Australian masculine image, popularised in The Bulletin under the editorship of Archibald, that saw the urban as the feminine and the rural as the masculine. The paper considers how the combination of sexual anxiety surrounding male gender identity in Australian performance, and this rigid bush aesthetic, have encouraged the development of unstable male gender representations in Australian music that for the most part have come across as either caricatured male, sexless or anti-pop. The exception is the late Michael Hutchence whose performances were a clear departure from this in that on stage and in music videos he conveyed a star persona that was sexually charged and often ambiguous about its sexuality. It is for that reason alone that Michael Hutchence has been referred to as Australia's only international rock star (Carney 1997).
Overexpression of plastidial thioredoxin f leads to enhanced starch accumulation in tobacco leaves (2013)

Starch, the most abundant storage carbohydrate in plants, has been a major feedstock for first-generation biofuels. Growing fuel demands require, however, that the starch yields of energy crops be improved. Leaf starch is synthesised during the day and degraded at night to power nonphotosynthetic metabolism. Redox regulation has been associated with the coordination of the enzymes involved in starch metabolism, but neither the signals nor mechanisms that regulate this metabolism are entirely clear. In this work, the thioredoxin (Trx) f and m genes, which code for key enzymes in plastid redox regulation, were overexpressed from the plastid genome. Tobacco plants overexpressing Trx f, but not Trx m, showed an increase of up to 700% in leaf starch accumulation, accompanied by an increase in leaf sugars, specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf biomass yield. To test the potential of these plants as a nonfood energy crop, tobacco leaves overexpressing Trx f were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, and around a 500% increase in the release of fermentable sugars was recorded. The results show that Trx f is a more effective regulator of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in planta than Trx m. The overexpression of Trx f might therefore provide a means of increasing the carbohydrate content of plants destined for use in biofuel production. It might also provide a means of improving the nutritional properties of staple food crops.
Sumatriptan (oral route of administration) for acute migraine attacks in adults (2012)

Oral sumatriptan is effective as an abortive treatment for migraine attacks, relieving pain, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability, but is associated with increased adverse events.
Retrograde Axonal Transport of Endogenous Proteins in Sciatic Nerve Demonstrated by Covalent Labeling in Vivo (1980)

Extracellularly applied N-succinimidyl [2,3-3H]propionate was used in vivo to covalently label intra-axonal proteins in the rat sciatic nerve. This technique permitted a unique view of axonal transport of proteins independent of biosynthesis. The proteins detected in slow anterograde transport (1 to 2 millimeters per day) correspond to cytoskeletal proteins described in previous papers. The slowly retrogradely transported component (3 to 6 millimeters per day) was composed primarily of a single protein with a molecular weight of 68,000.
Design Aspects for Gate Driver of Power Switch (2007)

This paper presents the design aspects of the gate driver for a power switch used in the automotive applications. The power switches are designed to have inductive and/or resistive load and gate driver was designed in an Infineon Smart Power Bipolar CMOS DMOS technology. In this work will be presented the concept block of the gate driver with focus on timing behaviour considering a low side switch sized for 1A maximum current load.
Laboratory and clinical evaluation of modified New York City medium (Henderson formulation) for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1984)

The growth-promoting properties of several ingredients of New York City (NYC) medium were investigated by using 100 recently isolated clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Difco GC medium base promoted the growth of large colonies of gonococci significantly better than other commercial GC medium bases. A 1% agar concentration resulted in the growth of larger colonies than 2% agar, without affecting the stability of the gel. Neither replacement of horse plasma with horse serum nor reducing the concentration of added serum from 12 to 3% affected the growth of even the most fastidious strains tested. From these observations, a modified NYC medium (Henderson) has been formulated which is easy to prepare and less expensive than NYC or Thayer-Martin medium. In a direct clinical comparison with 1,275 specimens, an isolation rate of 6.5% was achieved with both NYC medium and the Henderson formulation.
Thyroid and fertility. (1998)

The aim of this work is to specify the relationship between the thyroid function and the hypothalamo-hypophyso-gonadal axis. Qualitative and quantitative repercussions of a thyroid pathology on human or animal fertility, male or female are very variable. A review of mechanisms of action is presented, illustrating: the complexity of the phenomena in cause; the necessity not to dissociate thyroid and reproductive function either clinically or biologically; the serious consequences of either undetected or untreated neo-natal thyroid pathology.
Novel phase lead inverting integrator and its application in two-integrator loop filters (1980)

A new variable phase inverting integrator is given. The proposed integrator is suitable for phase correction in the two integrator 1 filters.
The design and implementation of DUIDS based on multi-tree structured user-interface model (2002)

The paper introduces the design and implementation of DUIDS, a dynamic user interface development system. DUIDS is targeted to generate the user interface based on a multi-tree structured model having dynamic menu and dialogue boxes. The article describes the multi-tree structured user interface model and the specification methods for dynamic menu and dialogue box used in DUIDS.
Nephrology in 30 Days (2005)

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS 1- Introduction: Fluids, electrolytes and acid-base 2- Disorders of Sodium Balance 3- Disorders of Water Balance- hypo and hypernatremia 4- Clinical Use of Diuretics 5- Disorders of Potassium Homeostasis- hypo and hyperkalemia 6- Simple Acid-Base Disturbances- metabolic acidosis and alkalosis 7- Simple Acid-Base Disturbances- respiratory acidosis and alkalosis 8- Mixed Acid-Base Disturbances 9- Intelligent Use of IV fluids 10- Disorders of Calcium Homeostasis- hypo and hypercalcemia 11- Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis- hypo and hyperphosphatemia 12- Disorders of Magnesium Homeostasis- hypo and hypermagnesemia 13- Nephrolithiasis 14- Urinalysis 15- Acute Renal Failure 16- Chronic Renal Failure 17- Glomerular Diseases 18- Tubulointerstitial Diseases 19- Urinary Obstruction 20- Essential Hypertension 21- Secondary Causes of Hypertension 22- Infections of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Thiiranes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiiranesManfred SanderCite this: Chem. Rev. 1966, 66, 3, 297–339Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60241a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1765Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Support Systems for the Ontario Hydro Programmable Controller (1983)

Ontario Hydro has been developing a Programmable Controller System for power system applications which makes use of small but sophisticated programmable controllers for individual control loops. To facilitate the programming and testing of the resulting large number of controllers, a relatively powerful computer-based programming station and field testing unit have been developed. These provide all the basic support functions required, including entry of the logic arrangement, editing and compiling of " ladder diagrams", automatic drawing production, automatic controller programming and a testing/monitoring facility.