gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis in sepsis. (1995)

目的:敗血症における凝固線溶機能の変動とその機序を検討する目的で,敗血症38例と,対照とした胃癌術後11例において,凝固線溶の鋭敏な指標であるthrombin-antithrombin III complex(以下TATと略す),plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex(以下PICと略す)と線溶系の調節因子であるplasminogen activator inhibitor-1(以下PAI-1と略す)の測定を行った。さらに,凝固線溶機能の変化と臓器不全発生の関連についても検討を行った。結果:敗血症時のTATの最高値は,臓器不全合併症例においては41.9±19.4ng/ml(mean±SD),臓器不全非合併症例では31.3±17.6ng/mlと,術後症例における31.2±12.9ng/mlと同程度の上昇で,凝固系には軽度の機能亢進が認められた。またPICの最高値は臓器不全合併例では1.78±1.49ng/ml,臓器不全非合併例では1.46±0.84ng/mlと,線溶機能は術後症例の2.03±2.05ng/mlよりもむしろ軽度の亢進状態であった。凝固線溶の状態はTATとPICのバランスで表されるが,敗血症性臓器不全合併例ではTAT/PICが57.0±43.8と臓器不全非合併例(26.6±16.5)や術後症例(24.6±16.1)に比べて2倍以上に上昇し,過凝固状態の存在が考えられた。そしてこの傾向は,とくに死亡した重症例で著明であった。TAT/PICの上昇機序に関しては,臓器不全合併例においてはPAI-1の有意な上昇が認められ,この上昇に応じてPICが低下する傾向がみられたことから,PAI-1の産生亢進が関与しているものと考えられた。結語:敗血症時には凝固系,線溶系ともに機能亢進状態にある。そして,敗血症性臓器不全時には両者のバランスであるTAT/PICレベルが上昇し,過凝固状態にあることが示された。さらに,この過凝固状態の発生機序としてはPAI-1の産生増加による線溶機能の抑制が考えられた。
Opportunistic pathogens enriched in showerhead biofilms (2009)

The environments we humans encounter daily are sources of exposure to diverse microbial communities, some of potential concern to human health. In this study, we used culture-independent technology to investigate the microbial composition of biofilms inside showerheads as ecological assemblages in the human indoor environment. Showers are an important interface for human interaction with microbes through inhalation of aerosols, and showerhead waters have been implicated in disease. Although opportunistic pathogens commonly are cultured from shower facilities, there is little knowledge of either their prevalence or the nature of other microorganisms that may be delivered during shower usage. To determine the composition of showerhead biofilms and waters, we analyzed rRNA gene sequences from 45 showerhead sites around the United States. We find that variable and complex, but specific, microbial assemblages occur inside showerheads. Particularly striking was the finding that sequences representative of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and other opportunistic human pathogens are enriched to high levels in many showerhead biofilms, >100-fold above background water contents. We conclude that showerheads may present a significant potential exposure to aerosolized microbes, including documented opportunistic pathogens. The health risk associated with showerhead microbiota needs investigation in persons with compromised immune or pulmonary systems.
Effects of bromide and NOM on by‐product formation (1995)

Ozone added for disinfection during drinking water treatment reacts with bromide and DOC to form organic and inorganic by‐products, some of which are proven animal carcinogens. Bromide and natural organic matter in water are known to play a role in the formation of ozonation by‐products. Their exact effect on the production of various ozonation by‐products was examined in this bench‐scale study, which used ranges of bromide and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations typical of US waters. Results show that bromate and cyanogen bromide formations are a function of bromide and Doc concrentrations, with the effect of bromide being more significant. On the other hand, the formation of aldehydes and ketoacids was proportional to the amount of DOC in the water, but they were largely unaffected by bromide concentration. In addition, the ozone dosage needed to achieve the target ozone residual increased with DOC concentration
Differential susceptibility to monomeric HIV gp120‐mediated apoptosis in antigen‐activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell populations (1995)

To support the hypothesis that indirect mechanisms mediated by viral products like the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 could be responsible for T lymphocyte depletion in HIV infection, we developed a system in which the impairment of T cell functions could be investigated in vitro. In particular, we characterized the conditions that allow T lymphocytes repeatedly stimulated with an antigen to be sensitive or resistant to gp120-mediated apoptotic signals. To achieve this goal, a panel of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell clones and primary CD4+ T lymphocytes were treated for 2 and 18 h with saturating amounts of monomeric gp120 (without cross-linking with specific antibodies) and antigen-driven T cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. We show that monomeric gp120 induces apoptosis only in T lymphocytes repeatedly stimulated with the antigen, that primary T lymphocytes are resistant to programmed cell death mediated by monomeric gp120, but are sensitive to anti-CD4 antibodies, and that gp120-mediated apoptosis is dependent on the period of time between the binding of gp120 to CD4 and the encounter with antigen. To investigate the different susceptibility to gp120 induced apoptosis of primary CD4+ and T cell clones further, the number of membrane CD4 molecules and their affinity for gp120, together with Bcl-2 and Fas expression, were studied. Our data suggest that a down-modulation of membrane CD4 together with high expression of the Bcl-2 gene and protein characterizes the susceptibility to apoptosis of gp120-treated cells. In conclusion, our results define the phenotypic features of T cells susceptible to HIV gp120-induced apoptosis and demonstrate that the same clonotype, depending on the activation state, may present a differential sensitivity to apoptosis induction.
GENETIC DISORDERS OF CARNITINE METABOLISM AND THEIR NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT (1998)

Carnitine functions as a substrate for a family of enzymes, carnitine acyltransferases, involved in acyl-coenzyme A metabolism and as a carrier for long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Carnitine biosynthesis and/or dietary carnitine fulfill the body's requirement for carnitine. To date, a genetic disorder of carnitine biosynthesis has not been described. A genetic defect in the high-affinity plasma membrane carnitine-carrier(in) leads to renal carnitine wasting and primary carnitine deficiency. Myopathic carnitine deficiency could be due to an increase in efflux moderated by the carnitine-carrier(out). Defects in the carnitine transport system for fatty acids in mitochondria have been described and are being examined at the molecular and pathophysiological levels. the nutritional management of these disorders includes a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet and avoidance of those events that promote fatty acid oxidation, such as fasting, prolonged exercise, and cold. Large-dose carnitine treatment is effective in systemic carnitine deficiency.
Removal of bacteria from water by systems based on insoluble polystyrene–polyethyelnimine (1992)

Abstract A study was made of the removal of viable bacterial cells from sterilized physiological saline (saline) by insoluble polymer beads. The polymers (CMPS–PEI300 and CMPS–PEI600) were prepared by reactions of chloromethylated, divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene (CMPS) beads with polyethyleneimines (PEI) (MW = about 300 and 600). The bacterial strain cells used were Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) . Decrease coefficients ( D , which corresponds to adsorption rate constant) for the viable cell numbers of E. coli by CPMS–PEI300 and CMPS–PEI600 were 28 and 120 (mL/gh) in saline, respectively. These D 's were less than those (72 and 270 mL/gh) in sterilized, distilled, and deionized water (sterilized water). The D 's for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by CMPS–PEI600 were 46 and 76 (mL/g h), respectively. The D for E. coli by CMPS–PEI600 was compared with R (removal coefficient) for that by pyridinium type polymers. Bactericidal activity of PEI600 was examined on E. coli and P. aeruginosa in saline. Also, that of poly(ethylene glycol) 600 was done on E. coli in saline.
Iron Blast-Furnace Slag Production Processing, Properties, and Uses (1949)

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over the production of blast-furnace slag. Characteristics and uses of slag are discussed. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.
Zur Kenntnis des Graphitischen Kohlenstoffs und der Graphitsäure (1919)

Abstract 1. Es wurden die Entstehungsbedingungen und Eigenschaften der Kohlenarten untersucht, die auf verschiedene Weise aus Graphitsäure erhalten werden. Dabei werden unter „Graphitsäure”︁ die festen Oxydationsprodukt verstanden, die aus einem reinen, elektrisch gewonnene Graphit mit einer Mischung von Salpetersäure, Schwefelsäure und Chlorat nach einem Normalverfahren erhalten wurden, ohne Rücksicht auf das Stadium der Einwirkung auf den Graphit.
Histone Binding Protein RbAp48 Interacts with a Complex of CREB Binding Protein and Phosphorylated CREB (2000)

A CREB-CREB binding protein (CBP) complex was used as bait to screen a mouse embryo cDNA library in yeast. One of the strongest interactions identified the histone binding protein RbAp48. RbAp48 also interacted weakly with CBP alone but did not interact with phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated CREB. CBP (or its homologue p300) from HeLa cell nuclear extracts coimmunoprecipitated with RbAp48 and its homologue RbAp46 and bound to a glutathione S-transferase-RbAp48 fusion protein. This interaction was stimulated by the addition of phosphorylated CREB and allowed the association of core histones and mononucleosomes in an acetylation-dependent manner. RbAp48 lowered the K(m) of CBP histone acetylase activity and facilitated p300-mediated in vitro transcription of a chromatinized template in the presence of acetylcoenzyme A. These data indicate that the association of phosphorylated CREB with CBP promotes the binding of RbAp48 and its homologue RbAp46, allowing the formation of a complex that facilitates histone acetylation during transcriptional activation.
Physical Cross-Linking Starch-Based Zwitterionic Hydrogel Exhibiting Excellent Biocompatibility, Protein Resistance, and Biodegradability (2016)

In this work, a novel starch-based zwitterionic copolymer, starch-graft-poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (ST-g-PSBMA), was synthesized via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Starch, which formed the main chain, can be degraded completely in vivo, and the pendent segments of PSBMA endowed the copolymer with excellent protein resistance properties. This ST-g-PSBMA copolymer could self-assemble into a physical hydrogel in normal saline, and studies of the formation mechanism indicated that the generation of the physical hydrogel was driven by electrostatic interactions between PSBMA segments. The obtained hydrogels were subjected to detailed analysis by scanning electron microscopy, swelling ratio, protein resistance, and rheology tests. Toxicity and hemolysis analysis demonstrated that the ST-g-PSBMA hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Moreover, the cytokine secretion assays (IL-6, TNF-α, and NO) confirmed that ST-g-PSBMA hydrogels had low potential to trigger the activation of macrophages and were suitable for in vivo biomedical applications. On the basis of these in vitro results, the ST-g-PSBMA hydrogels were implanted in SD rats. The tissue responses to hydrogel implantation and the hydrogel degradation in vivo were determined by histological analysis (Hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, and Masson's Trichrome stains). The results presented in this study demonstrate that the physical cross-linking, starch-based zwitterionic hydrogels possess excellent protein resistance, low macrophage-activation properties, and good biocompatibility, and they are a promising candidate for an in vivo biomedical application platform.
Caching Intermediate Results for Multiple-Query Optimization (2007)

Multiple-query optimizers create materialized view from multi queries, to execute common operations of different queries not more than once. This technique is useful especially in subsumption and overlapping queries with common parts. Moreover, caching intermediate or final results of previous queries and using them for future ones can noticeably improve response time. Using intelligent decision making mechanism to cache the desired results is a major consideration to achieve this goal. In this paper, we present a novel method for multiple-query optimization which efficiently caches intermediate results of materialized views of received queries in a sliding window. The method is independent of database models. Its performance in term of response time and cache hit ratio as well as reduction in data retrieval rate is evaluated via simulation.
Spur Gear Tooth Design and Transition Curve as a Spiral Using Cubic Trigonometric Bezier Function (2011)

In this paper, we construct an S-shaped transition curve and spur gear tooth model. The attempt has been made to use the circle to circle technique an S-Shaped transition curve by using Cubic Trigonometric Bezier function (TBezier, for short) with two shape parameters . The shape parameters are used to control the S-shaped transition curves and provide the more flexibility for the interactive design. We have used two curve segments for the completion of single gear teeth instead of four curve segments. This model is the introduction of new cost effective, more economical and computationally easy a more efficient for CAD and CAE systems than ever before. The smoothness of the curve is G <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> continuity.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCHEDULING AL-GROTIHMS IN CLOUD COMPUTING (2013)

An essential requirement in cloud computing environment is scheduling the current jobs to be executed with the given constraints. The scheduler should order the jobs in a way where balance between improving the quality of services and at the same time maintaining the efficiency and fairness among the jobs. Thus, evaluating the performance of scheduling algorithms is crucial towards realizing large-scale distributed systems. In spite of the various scheduling algorithms proposed for cloud environment, there is no comprehensive performance study undertaken which provides a unified platform for comparing such algorithms. Comparing these scheduling algorithms from different perspectives is an aspect that needs to be addressed. This pa-per aims at achieving a practical comparison study among four common job scheduling algorithms in cloud computing. These algorithms are Round Rubin (RR), Random Resource Selection, Opportunistic Load Balancing and Minimum Completion Time. These algorithms have been evaluated in terms of their ability to provide quality service for the tasks and guarantee fairness amongst the jobs served. The three metrics for evaluating these job scheduling algorithms are throughput, makespan and the total execution cost. Several experiments with various aims have been accomplished in this comparative study.
The Effect of Yttrium on Corrosion Behavior of NiAl Intermetallic Compound in the Molten Carbonate Salt (1998)

Since a wet-seal area of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) operated at is exposed to severe environment, a life-time of MCFC is influenced by the corrosion resistance of separator. In order to improve corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel used as separator material, AI- base alloy such as NiAI has been widely used as coat¬ing material on the wet-seal area. The purpose of this work is to develope a more protective coating material by adding yttrium on NiAI alloy. An immersion test and a polarization test were performed in molten carbonate salt at to estimate corrosion resistance of the NiAI alloy and the NiAl/Y alloys with up to L5at% yttrium. NiAl/Y alloys showed better corrosion resistance than NiAI alloy. We found that more than 0.7 at% yttrium was required to improve the corrosion resistance of NiAI alloy in molten carbonate salt at
From passive acceptance to social disruption: Towards an understanding of behavioural responses to discrimination. (1999)

Reactions to discrimination encompass a large array of potential behaviours, ranging from acceptance of the unfair treatment through to collective protest. Previous research, surprisingly, has found a strong preference for acceptance and for benign individual actions in response to discrimination. This finding has important implications: if victims of group-based discrimination consistently react at an individual level, the probability of social change is greatly diminished. The present study explored the possibility that the preference for acceptance and for normative individual actions is in part an artifact: of failing to distinguish between two levels of collective behaviour (group support and group organization) and of failing to consider the role of effort. In addition, this study explores the distinction between normative and antinormative acceptance: two ways of doing nothing, each with different societal implications. When behavioural responses to discrimination are conceptualized according to this new behavioural framework, more collective and antinormative behaviours are observed.
Cancer cell sensitivity to bortezomib is associated with survivin expression and p53 status but not cancer cell types (2010)

Our findings, for the first time, unify the current inconsistent findings for bortezomib treatment and survivin expression, and linked the effect of bortezomib on survivin expression, apoptosis induction and bortezomib resistance in the relationship with p53 status, which is independent of cancer cell types. Further mechanistic studies along with this line may impact the optimal clinical application of bortezomib in solid cancer therapeutics.
Phenylacetylene hydrogenation on Au@Ni bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles synthesized under mild conditions (2016)

The synthesis of Au@Ni bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles through an energy efficient (lower temperature) route in oleylamine following a sequential reduction strategy and their hydrogenation activity is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Polycyclization ‐ Anion Capture Processes. (1990)

Abstract The N,N‐dialkenyl‐o‐iodobenzamide (I), the related benzyl ether (V), and the sulfonamide (VIII) undergo Pd‐catalyzed twofold ring closure in the presence of hydride or phenyl anions, yielding heterotricycles.
Facile Synthesis and Biosensing Application of Hybrid Zinc Nanoparticles (2012)

Hybrid zinc nanoparticles were synthesized by adding thioglycolic acid (TGA) into a ZnO-particle synthesis procedure. Compared to the ZnO particles prepared without TGA, the hybrid nanoparticles are markedly different in their morphology, chemical composition, and growth kinetics. Moreover, they display colloidal stability and appropriate surface properties for bioconjugation. To demonstrate their biosensing application, the hybrid nanoparticles were conjugated and applied as biolabels or signal transducers in a sandwich immunoassay for mouse IgG. The immunoassay fluorescence signal was obtained by releasing zinc ions from these nanoparticle labels and further incubating the released zinc ions with zinc-sensitive fluorescence indicator Fluozin-3. The immunoassay presents a dynamic detection range from 10 pM to 1 nM.
DSP-based multi-format video decoding engine for media adapter applications (2005)

There are four major components in a generic digital home framework: media center, set-top box, media adapter and portable viewer. In this paper, we present a DSP-based multi-format video decoding engine for realizing media adapter application. By choosing a powerful DSP core and designing an efficient and configurable software engine, the proposed solution is believed to possess low-cost and high-flexibility advantages at the same time. In our current implementation, the video decoding engine can decode most of the major video formats in the market, such as MPEG-1/2/4, H.264/AVC baseline/main, VC-I and its precedents, and some other MPEG-4-like formats. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the decoding engine: videos up to SD resolution can be decoded seamlessly. The engine has been successfully integrated into an available media adapter module and the corresponding product. Our future work is to enhance the engine performance capable of handling HD contents.
El Modelo Río (Kawa): cuatro estudios de caso aplicados en Chile (2010)

Se presentan los conceptos generales del Modelo Río (Kawa) generado desde una CosmovisiónOriental/Japonesa, proponiendo una mirada y una herramienta de evaluación e intervención cualitativaplenamente centrada en la narrativa del cliente, representada por la metáfora de un río, a través del cual,se evidencian los elementos centrales de la existencia (propuestos por la teoría) y aquellos símbolossignificativos incorporados por la propia persona, otorgando una visión histórica y de momentos clavesal mismo tiempo. Se presentan cuatro estudios de caso aplicados en el país, desarrollados por estudiantesde Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Mayor, con usuarios de distinta edad y condición de salud,en el marco de un proyecto de traducción y adaptación del Modelo al idioma castellano y al contexto hispanoamericano, así como la discusión inicial acerca de las potencialidades e implicancias culturales ypara la disciplina del uso del Modelo en un contexto chileno y latinoamericano.
Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobials and the Treatment of Serious Bacterial Infections: Getting It Right Up Front (2008)

The treatment of serious bacterial infections is complicated by the fact that time to initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is a strong predictor of mortality. Therefore, therapy must be initiated before the causative pathogen is identified. However, inappropriate or inadequate initial empirical therapy is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. Initial empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobials attempts to address this dilemma by "getting it right up front." The goal is to provide treatment active against the most likely pathogens until culture/susceptibility test results are obtained. After the causative pathogen is identified, streamlining to more-precise therapy of the shortest acceptable duration is implemented. In this way, the risks of death, morbid complications, increased duration of hospital stay (as a result of ineffective initial treatment), and emergence of resistance (due to extended treatment with broad-spectrum agents) are lowered. Improved clinical and economic outcomes after such an approach have been demonstrated.
Routes for Splitting and Merging Maneuvers of Platoon Followers in Urban Environments (2006)

This work presents a trajectory generation strategy used for merging and splitting maneuvers of a platoon of vehicles formed in urban environments. Using the reference trajectory defined and marked by the lead unit, and using pre-defined locations of the parking areas outside this trajectory, a solution sets out that fixes the way to follow for the units that require to separate (split) or to connect (merge) the convoy. The proposal is based on arcs of circumference adapted to the kinematics constrains of the vehicle for initial and final stretches, and on a tangent line to these circumferences to minimize the path distance. In addition the maneuver trajectory includes one static end (park point) and another dynamic end which is determined based on the relation between the maneuver trajectory and the convoy trajectory. All of that is part of the strategy designed for platooning guidance in transport scenarios characterized by low speeds (up to 50 Km/h) and with hard nonlinearities as much in the reference trajectory as in the maneuver one.
An alignment-based surface pattern for a question answering system (2008)

In this paper, we propose an alignment-based surface pattern approach, called ABSP, which integrates semantic information into syntactic patterns for question answering (QA). ABSP uses surface patterns to extract important terms from questions, and constructs the terms’ relations from sentences in the corpus. The relations are then used to filter appropriate answer candidates. Experiments show that ABSP can achieve high accuracy and can be incorporated into other QA systems that have high coverage. It can also be used in cross-lingual QA systems. The approach is both robust and portable to other domains.