gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of spin-lattice relaxation in lipid bilayers and biological membranes. 2H and 14N quadrupolar relaxation (1982)

Based on a previous, more approximate treatment [M. F. Brown, J. Magn. Reson. 35, 203 (1979)], expressions are derived for the quadrupolar spin-lattice (T1) relaxation rates of 2H and 14N in lipid bilayers. Results are presented for the most general, anisotropic rotational diffusion model describing the segmental or molecular reorientation in lipid bilayers, and the analysis is extended to include relatively slow fluctuations of the local director with respect to the macroscopic bilayer normal. Numerically computed values of T1 for the diffusion model suggest that, even for extremes of ordering and motional anisotropy, such a model cannot by itself quantitatively account for the observed 2H T1 values of multilamellar dispersions of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), in the liquid crystalline state, as a function of temperature and frequency. The contribution from relatively low frequency motions is modeled in terms either (i) a simple noncollective model in which the slow motions are described in terms of a single effective correlation time, or (ii) a collective model in which the relatively slow reorientation is described by a distribution of correlation times, corresponding to collective fluctuations of the instantaneous director. The experimentally observed dependence of the 2H T1 relaxation rates on the acyl chain segmental order parameter SCD and the resonance frequency ω0 are most consistent with a collective model for slow molecular reorientations in lipid bilayers. The 2H T1 data for the saturated DPPC bilayer, in the liquid crystalline state, can be quantitatively described by a relaxation law of the form T−11 = Aτf+BS2CD ω−1/20 as observed for simpler nematic and smectic liquid crystals. The first (A) term is suggested to correspond to trans–gauche isomerizations of the lipid acyl chains, while the (B) term describes collective bilayer modes which predominantly influence the frequency dependence of the relaxation. In contrast to earlier conclusions [M. F. Brown et al., J. Chem. Phys. 70, 5045 (1979)], the dominant contribution to the 2H T1 relaxation rates of the saturated DPPC bilayer may arise from collective order fluctuations rather than fast local motions. The value of τf∼10−11 s obtained by extrapolating T−11 to infinite frequency or zero ordering is consistent with the correlation times calculated from 2H or 13C T1 data for n-alkanes of equivalent chain lengths, suggesting that the microviscosity of the bilayer hydrocarbon region is not appreciably different from that of paraffinic liquids.
Evolution of the visual cycle: the role of retinoid-binding proteins (2002)

The trafficking of retinoids in the retina represents a model to study soluble hormone-binding proteins in a complex system subject to profound evolutionary adaptations. Although a remarkable illustration of convergent evolution, all visual systems detect light in the same way, that is through the photoisomerization of an 11-cis retinoid to a corresponding trans isomer. What is strikingly different between the systems, is the mechanism by which the 11-cis chromophore is reformed and visual pigment regenerated in a process known as the visual cycle. The variations of the cycle address a problem inherent to retinoids themselves. That is, the properties that make these molecules suited for light detection also account for their susceptibility to oxidative and isomeric degradation, and cellular toxicity. The cycle therefore provides an opportunity to examine the role of soluble hormone-binding proteins within an integrative and evolutionary context. The present review focuses on interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a controversial glycolipoprotein that recruits a protein fold common to Cterminal-processing proteases and the crotonase family. This unorthodox retinoid-binding protein is entrapped in the subretinal compartment of those eyes that translocate visual cycle retinoids between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. Recent studies suggest that we should look beyond a strictly carrier function if we are to appreciate the role of IRBP in the visual cycle. Here we draw lessons from other soluble hormone-binding proteins to anticipate avenues of future research likely to provide insight into the structure and function of IRBP in vision.
Weighted System Dependence Graph (2012)

In this paper, we present a weighted, hybrid program-dependence model that represents the relevance of highly related, dependent code to assist developer comprehension of the program for multiple software-engineering tasks. Programmers often need to understand the dependencies among program elements, which may exist across multiple modules. Although such dependencies can be gathered from traditional models, such as slices, the scalability of these approaches is often prohibitive for direct, practical use. To address this scalability issue, as well as to assist developer comprehension, we introduce a program model that includes static dependencies as well as information about any number of executions, which inform the weight and relevance of the dependencies. Additionally, classes of executions can be differentiated in such a way as to support multiple software-engineering tasks. We evaluate this weighted, hybrid model for a task that involves exploring the structural context while debugging. The results demonstrate that the new model more effectively reveals relevant failure-correlated code than the static-only model, thus enabling a more scalable exploration or post hoc analysis.
Inhibition Mechanism of the Acetylcholine Receptor by α-Neurotoxins as Revealed by Normal-Mode Dynamics (2008)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the prototype of ligand-gated ion channels. Here, we calculate the dynamics of the muscle AChR using normal modes. The calculations reveal a twist-like gating motion responsible for channel opening. The ion channel diameter is shown to increase with this twist motion. Strikingly, the twist motion and the increase in channel diameter are not observed for the AChR in complex with two alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBTX) molecules. The toxins seems to lock together neighboring receptor subunits, thereby inhibiting channel opening. Interestingly, one alphaBTX molecule suffices to prevent the twist motion. These results shed light on the gating mechanism of the AChR and present a complementary inhibition mechanism by snake-venom-derived alpha-neurotoxins.
Instrumental evaluation of some New Zealand fruit colours using CIELAB values (1991)

Abstract Quantitative colour specifications based on CIE [1976] L* a* b* (CIELAB) values have teen obtained for the fleshy fruits of 52 New Zealand indigenous plant species by the use of reflectance spectroscopy. The measured range of colours was compared with descriptions based on visual assessment, and revealed the limitations of the use of general colour terms. Instrumental evaluation offrait colours in terms of CIELAB values is proposed for the communication of colour information, both as an aid to identification and to provide a quantitative basis for subsequent consideration of colour differences and contrasts.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Generation System With Versatile Power Transfer (2008)

This paper presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. The hybrid system is the combination of photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine, and battery storage via a common dc bus. Versatile power transfer was defined as multimodes of operation, including normal operation without use of battery, power dispatching, and power averaging, which enables grid- or user-friendly operation. A supervisory control regulates power generation of the individual components so as to enable the hybrid system to operate in the proposed modes of operation. The concept and principle of the hybrid system and its control were described. A simple technique using a low-pass filter was introduced for power averaging. A modified hysteresis-control strategy was applied in the battery converter. Modeling and simulations were based on an electromagnetic-transient-analysis program. A 30-kW hybrid inverter and its control system were developed. The simulation and experimental results were presented to evaluate the dynamic performance of the hybrid system under the proposed modes of operation.
A real-time extension of density matrix embedding theory for non-equilibrium electron dynamics (2018)

We introduce real-time density matrix embedding theory (DMET), a dynamical quantum embedding theory for computing non-equilibrium electron dynamics in strongly correlated systems. As in the previously developed static DMET, real-time DMET partitions the system into an impurity corresponding to the region of interest coupled to the surrounding environment, which is efficiently represented by a quantum bath of the same size as the impurity. In this work, we focus on a simplified single-impurity time-dependent formulation as a first step toward a multi-impurity theory. The equations of motion of the coupled impurity and bath embedding problem are derived using the time-dependent variational principle. The accuracy of real-time DMET is compared to that of time-dependent complete active space self-consistent field (TD-CASSCF) theory and time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory for a variety of quantum quenches in the single impurity Anderson model (SIAM), in which the Hamiltonian is suddenly changed (quenched) to induce a non-equilibrium state. Real-time DMET shows a marked improvement over the mean-field TDHF, converging to the exact answer even in the non-trivial Kondo regime of the SIAM. However, as expected from analogous behavior in static DMET, the constrained structure of the real-time DMET wavefunction leads to a slower convergence with respect to active space size, in the single-impurity formulation, relative to TD-CASSCF. Our initial results suggest that real-time DMET provides a promising framework to simulate non-equilibrium electron dynamics in which strong electron correlation plays an important role, and lays the groundwork for future multi-impurity formulations.
Rapid Measurement of Phenolics Compounds in Red Wine Using Raman Spectroscopy (2010)

This paper presents the development of a new method to measure the main phenolic compounds found in Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. A portable Raman spectrometer was used for this purpose, providing scattering spectra to analyze quantitatively the samples and determining the concentration of the compounds of interest. The Raman spectra were obtained from the wine samples corresponding to different seasons, vineyards, and harvests. The subsequent model calibration was based on reference analytical values obtained using standard laboratory techniques. Several preprocessing and correlation methods were applied to the data in order to adjust models for polyphenols, anthocyanins, and tannins and also to reduce the effect of fluorescence. The optimization of the models was carried out using R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and root-mean-square error of validation (RMSEV) indices. The correlations of R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.895 and RMSEV = 5.55 mg/L were obtained, showing the potential of this technique for field measurements.
Macromolecular Properties of Hexadimethrine Bromide, an Antiheparin Agent (1963)

1. Previously reported light scattering molecular weights of hexadimethrine bromide are in error due to the presence of fluorescent material. The true molecular weights are much lower and may in fact be nearly identical for all commercial samples. 2. Fractionation by gel filtration followed by pharmacological and toxicological studies indicate that a polymer of 4 monomer units would be the preferred one for clinical use.
A covalently bonded AlQ3/SiO2 hybrid material with blue light emission by a conventional sol–gel approach (2006)

We report the design and synthesis of a covalently bonded AlQ3/SiO2 hybrid material with strong blue light emission by a sol-gel approach, which make AlQ3 solution-processable and chemically stable.
Pyridinethiones. IX preparation of ricinidine, thioricinidine and other 2(1<i>H</i>)‐pyridones and ‐thiones related to nicotinic acid (1984)

Abstract 2(1 H )‐Pyridones and ‐thiones related to 1‐substituted nicotinic acid derivatives have been prepared via the corresponding l‐substituted‐3‐formyl‐2(1 H )‐pyridones and ‐thiones. A number of synthetic procedures for the interconversion of functional groups in these nicotinic acid derivatives are given i.e . preparation of the aldoximes, nitriles, carboxamides and carboxylic acids as well as the 3‐ hydroxyalkyl derivatives. The course of the basic peroxide oxidation of the l‐substituted‐3‐formyl‐2(1 H )‐pyridinethiones is found to be very dependent upon the electronegativity of the 1‐substituent. A preparation of ricinidine is also described.
Sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression in intact human skin by epicutaneous application of chimeric antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. (1999)

Targeted and selective inhibition of keratinocyte gene expression in human epidermis could be an efficient and safe pharmacologic approach in many skin diseases. In this study we investigated whether topical application of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) on intact human skin can be used to inhibit expression of a gene in the differentiated compartment of the epidermis. We applied a variety of 20-mer antisense and control ODN designed to hybridize to different regions on the mRNA of the inducible epidermal proteinase inhibitor skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP)/elafin that was used as a model target gene. When nuclease-resistant fully phosphorothioate ODN were applied to explant cultures of human skin, they were found to be either ineffective at low doses or severely toxic at higher doses which could be attributed to the extremely high degree of protein binding found with this type of ODN. When chimeric ODN with a phosphodiester core and phosphorothioate 5' and 3' ends were applied to intact skin, no toxicity was noted. One of the tested chimeric ODN, that exhibit only minor protein binding, was found to inhibit SKALP expression at the protein level in a dose-dependent manner. The observed inhibition on SKALP expression levels was specific as evaluated by application of strict criteria. Sequence specificity was assessed by the addition of sense and scrambled ODN which were ineffective. Furthermore the expression levels of three other differentiation-related genes (involucrin, cytokeratin 16, and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor) were not affected, indicating that the inhibition was gene specific. Confocal laser scanning analysis of fluorescently labeled ODN confirmed that these molecules can easily penetrate the epidermis and localize in the cytoplasm of differentiated keratinocytes. We conclude that topical application of antisense ODN can be used to modulate epidermal gene expression, and could potentially be useful to inhibit expression of genes that are relevant in skin diseases.
SOME CASES OF TRAUMATIC MYOPIA (1940)

SOME CASES OF TRAUMATIC MYOPIA capsule. These changes can be noted in the micro-photographs. At no place could the marked thinning of the capsule or the felt- work appearance of the tissue described by Vogt be made out. The subcapsular epithelium appears normal but in one place it is duplicated. No debris of detached capsule could be recognised in the angle of the anterior chamber. Vogt3 described five cases which he had the opportunity of examining anatomically. In these he described the separation of the anterior fibres as being somewhat similar to the normal passage of the zonule from the lens capsule, except that it is more axial and in the opposite direction. Open feltwork appearance, peeling and degeneration were the apparently progressive changes noted by him.
Influencing associations' site-selection process (1995)

To have a chance of being selected as the host for an association's meeting, a hotel, city, or destination must be included in the initial set of potential sites for the event. How to get your destination on that original list and make it to the final cut is the subject of this study.
OCR Error Correction Using Character Correction and Feature-Based Word Classification (2016)

This paper explores the use of a learned classifier for post-OCR text correction. Experiments with the Arabic language show that this approach, which integrates a weighted confusion matrix and a shallow language model, improves the vast majority of segmentation and recognition errors, the most frequent types of error on our dataset.
Chemical Technique Optimization of Seawater Silicate in-situ Autonomous Monitoring Technology (2003)

This paper introduces the instability of the reagents used in the in situ measurement, and the relation between the preparedness time of reducer and the light absorption value, the determination of the chemical reaction time, the impact of temperature on the chemical reaction and the salinity effect. The authors also draw the chemical analysis technique optimization flow chart of seawater silicate in situ autonomous monitoring technology.
Microencapsulation of a hydrophilic drug into a hydrophobic matrix using a salting-out procedure. I: Development and optimization of the process using factorial design (2004)

The congealable disperse phase method for preparing sustained release microspheres involves an emulsification process using water as the external phase and molten hydrophobic wax as the disperse phase into which the drug is loaded. Attempts to entrap highly water-soluble drugs using this process have often resulted in low loading efficiency as the drugs partition into the external water phase during emulsification and are lost. A novel method employing salts and wetting agents was developed to improve the loading efficiency of the highly water-soluble drug, guaifenesin, using this method. The drug/wax ratio (D/W) and the presence of salts and wetting agents greatly influenced microsphere properties. To optimize the process for drug loading efficiency and release rate, three different D/Ws, salts and wetting agents were chosen and a full 3(3) factorial design experiment was performed. Any significant differences among the levels of the variables and their individual and joint effects on entrapment efficiency and T50 (time for 50% drug release) were determined. Entrapment efficiencies in the range 35.1-86.3% were obtained for the various factor-level combinations of the variables. Particle size was in the range 140-385 microm and T50 was 0.59-2.72 h for the microspheres obtained. The D/W and type of salt used significantly affected drug entrapment and T50, while the nature of wetting agent was not significant at p < 0.05. The microspheres prepared using 1:4 D/W showed the highest entrapment efficiency and slowest drug release.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE REACTION OF ORGANOMAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS WITH PYRIDO(2,3‐B)PYRAZINES (1976)

Abstract Die Einwirkung der organischen Magnesiumhalogenide (II) auf die Pyridopyrazine (I) verläuft unter Sättigung der C=N‐Bindungen im Pyrazinring zu den trans‐Tetrahydro‐Derivaten (III).
Effects of Progesterone on the Estradiol-Induced Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Surge and FSHβMessenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat* (1990)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of progesterone on the estradiol (E2)-induced FSH surge and FSH beta messenger RNA (mRNA) using immature rat models developed previously to demonstrate inhibition or facilitation of the LH surge by progesterone. Twenty-eight day-old rats that received E2 implants at 0900 h had FSH surges about 1700 h on day 29 (32 h). In rats treated with E2 alone, serum FSH was 15.1 +/- 1.6 ng/ml at this time, while in those animals treated concurrently with E2 and progesterone, serum FSH was significantly suppressed (8.3 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). For demonstration of progesterone facilitation, rats were primed for 24 h with E2 before progesterone treatment. This led to premature and enhanced FSH secretion: at 1400 h on day 29 serum FSH was 45.5 +/- 2.7 ng/ml compared to 6.4 +/- 0.5 ng/ml in rats treated with E2 alone. To examine the effects of these dual actions of progesterone on FSH synthesis, steady state concentrations of FSH beta mRNA were measured by Northern analysis. FSH beta mRNA generally increased in parallel with FSH release. Levels of this mRNA were about 1.5-fold higher in rats undergoing E2-induced FSH surges than in rats in which the surge was blocked by progesterone. Also, at the onset of the progesterone-facilitated FSH surge, FSH beta mRNA was about 5-fold higher in animals treated with E2 and progesterone than in those treated with E2 only. On the morning after the FSH surge (48 h after E2 treatment) FSH beta mRNA was low to undetectable. In contrast, levels of FSH beta mRNA were 7- to 8-fold higher at this time in rats in which the surge was blocked by progesterone. Serum inhibin concentrations were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) in animals treated with E2 alone for 32 h (3077 +/- 260 fmol/ml) or 48 h (2344 +/- 148 fmol/ml) compared to those treated with E2 and progesterone in the inhibition paradigm (2469 +/- 106, 1896 +/- 114 fmol/ml, respectively). After 32 h of E2 treatment in the facilitation paradigm, serum inhibin was comparable (P greater than 0.2) in rats treated for 8 h with blank implants (2592 +/- 168 fmol/ml) and those treated for 8 h with progesterone (2720 +/- 188 fmol/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Recognition of wives’ emotional expressions: A mechanism in the relationship between psychopathology and intimate partner violence perpetration. (2010)

Among a community sample of 88 couples, husbands' emotion recognition skills were examined as a mechanism accounting for the relationships between two dimensions of psychopathology that commonly describe violent husbands (i.e., borderline/dysphoric and psychopathic personality characteristics) and their perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). Husbands' diminished sensitivity to their wives' expressions of happiness partially mediated the relationship between their borderline/dysphoric characteristics and their IPV perpetration, supporting Dutton's (1995) theory of IPV. These relationships were specific to expressions displayed by husbands' wives (as opposed to unfamiliar men and women), demonstrating the significance of the intimate relationship. Partial support was found for Blair's (1995) violence inhibition mechanism model, such that husbands' IPV was associated with their diminished sensitivity to expressions of fear and their psychopathy was associated with misidentifying fearful expressions as neutral. However, the strength of husbands' diminished sensitivity to fear as a mediator of the psychopathy-IPV relationship was suboptimal. Moreover, sensitivity to wives' expressions of happiness also mediated the psychopathy-IPV relationship, potentially because of overlap in psychopathology constructs or inadequate examination of the temporal specificity of the two theories tested.
New clock-feedthrough compensation scheme for switched-current circuits (1993)

A new clock-feedthrough compensation scheme for switchedcurrent circuits is proposed. Both the signal-dependent and the constant clock-feedthrough terms are cancelled. The clock-feedthrough reduction is significantly improved. Mathematical derivations and transistor level simulations are included.