gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships between mevalonate metabolism and the mitogenic signaling pathway in T lymphocyte proliferation (1991)

Upon stimulation with antigen or antibodies directed at the CD3.T cell receptor complex, T lymphocytes undergo a series of biochemical events that result in DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of mevalonic acid and its metabolites in this process. Stimulation of freshly isolated human T cells with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) results in the induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase message, with maximum induction occurring at 24 h of culture, approximately 12 h before the onset of DNA synthesis. Protein kinase C (PKC) probably mediates this induction, as H7, which inhibits PKC and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, but not HA1004, which inhibits all of these protein kinases except PKC, completely abrogates the appearance of HMG-CoA reductase message. The importance of HMG-CoA reductase induction and mevalonate production in cell cycle progression was demonstrated by the observation that either 25-hydroxycholesterol, which inhibits this induction, or lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibited anti-CD3-induced T cell mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of lovastatin during the first 24-36 h of culture results in a progressive delay of cell cycle progression, whereas this agent, when present only for the first 12 h of culture, had no effect on T cell proliferation. These results suggest that mevalonate is required for cell cycle progression from mid-G1 into late G1. Exogenous mevalonate overcomes the antiproliferative effect of lovastatin but not of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Since 25-hydroxycholesterol suppresses the metabolism of mevalonic acid at multiple points, this result suggests that one or more metabolites of mevalonate, rather than mevalonate itself, plays an essential role in cell cycle progression. One metabolite of mevalonate, farnesol pyrophosphate, may play such a role, since free farnesol suppresses anti-CD3 mAb-induced T cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In mAb is associated with PKC-dependent induction of HMG-CoA reductase which, in turn, leads to the generation of mevalonic acid and its metabolites, one or more of which play a requisite role in cell cycle progression.
Detailed design of a 30-kW switched reluctance starter/generator system for a gas turbine engine application (1995)

A new switched reluctance starter/generator (SR S/G) system has been developed for an aircraft engine application. The system is rated at 30 kW, 270 Vdc, 52 k r/min maximum operating speed. The system also provides 17 hp to start the 1400-hp engine. The system consists of an SR machine directly coupled to the gas turbine engine, an inverter converter unit (ICU), and an electronic controller. The system is designed to meet requirements such as power quality per MIL-STD-704E, 30% (9 kW) step loads, 75% constant power loads, operation over a wide speed range, and a -51/spl deg/C to +125/spl deg/C environment. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of the system. The SR S/G system is currently undergoing design assurance tests. Test results are given to validate the system design and performance. System efficiency is about 80% when generating 30 kW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Out-of-band emissions of digital transmissions using Kahn EER technique (2002)

The Kahn envelope elimination and restoration (EER) technique allows for linear RF power amplification by combining nonlinear, but efficient, RF and AF power amplifiers (PAs). In order to use the EER technique for digital signals, a coordinate transform from the original Cartesian in-phase and quadrature mode into a polar mode has to take place, yielding an envelope (or amplitude) and a PM RF signal. This coordinate transform is extremely nonlinear and thereby broadens the spectra of the original signals. In the final PA stage, both signals are recombined. However, since this recombination process is imperfect, out-of-band (OOB) emissions come up, also known as adjacent channel power or spectral regrowth. In this paper, the impact of the broadening of the amplitude and phase signals on OOB emissions is investigated with respect to imperfect restoration due to signal delays and limited bandwidth of the amplitude path. It is shown that the amount of OOB emissions can significantly be reduced if the modulation scheme shows a "hole" at the origin in its vector diagram.
Spherulitic Crystallization in Compatible Blends of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(methyl methacrylate) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpherulitic Crystallization in Compatible Blends of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(methyl methacrylate)T. T. Wang and T. NishiCite this: Macromolecules 1977, 10, 2, 421–425Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60056a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60056a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of <i>Coccidioides immitis</i> pneumonia in two horses with fluconazole (2006)

Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in horses can often lead to severe systemic disease and its treatment has previously been expensive and has carried a poor prognosis. This paper describes the successful treatment of two horses with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with a fluconazole product produced by a compounding pharmacy.
Improvement of High Pressure Rubber Barrel of Packers (2009)

The role of packers was introduced.The disadvantages of the conventional rubber barrels of packers were analyzed based on mechanical analysis.A new seal element with components of 2 rubber seal barrels was designed.The finite element models of the conventional rubber barrels and new barrels of packers were set up and the deformation and stress were calculated under different axial compressive forces(from 50 kN to 100 kN).Results and field use showed that the upper barrel could bear higher pressure and the new barrel could bear more than 40% of the contact stress as compared with the conventional barrel.
Proton therapy in prostate cancer (2009)

Proton beams have special physical properties, proton therapy for prostate cancer can increase the radiation dose of targets,significantly reduce the doses delivered to organs at risk, reduce the probability of normal tissue complication and secondary malignancies, improve overall survival in patients with localized prostate cancer.

Key words: 
Prostatic neoplasms;  Radiotherapy;  Proton
Effects of Chronic Ethanol Consumption and Withdrawal on the Neuroactive Steroid 3α‐Hydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one in Male and Female Rats (1998)

Prolonged alcohol (ethanol) consumption leads to the development of alcohol tolerance and cross‐tolerance to some benzodiazepines and barbiturates. In contrast, rats undergoing alcohol withdrawal are sensitized to the anticonvulsant effects of the endogenous GABAA receptor modulator, 3α‐hydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one (3α, 5α‐THP). Alterations in endogenous, cerebral cortical levels of 3α, 5α‐THP during alcohol withdrawal could contribute to the observed sensitization to 3α, 5α‐THP. Therefore, this study investigated plasma and brain levels of 3α,5α‐THP, progesterone, and corticosterone during alcohol dependence and withdrawal in the rat. Plasma corticosterone, progesterone (a precursor of 3α,5α‐THP) and 3α,5α‐THP levels were unchanged in alcohol‐dependent animals. Cerebral cortical levels of 3α,5α‐THP decreased in dependent male animals, but not in dependent female rats. During alcohol withdrawal, plasma corticosterone and progesterone levels increased in male, but not female rats. However, neither plasma nor cerebral cortical 3α,5α‐THP levels were altered from control levels in male or female rats during alcohol withdrawal. Plasma and brain levels of 3α,5α‐THP were markedly higher in female compared with male rats. Cerebral cortical levels of 3α,5α‐THP during the diestrus phase of the estrus cycle were ˜4 to 6 ng/g, a concentration that may approach physiological relevance. These findings suggest that sensitization to 3α,5α‐THP during alcohol withdrawal is not mediated by elevations in brain levels of endogenous 3α,5α‐THP in male or female rats. However, elevations in circulating corticosterone and progesterone levels during ethanol withdrawal in male rats may underlie gender differences in allopreg‐nanolone sensitivity during ethanol withdrawal.
Stability Control of Combination Vehicle (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the development of combination vehicle stability program (CVSP) at Visteon. It will describe why stability control is needed for combination vehicles and how the vehicle stability can be improved.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">We propose and evaluate controller structures and design methods for CVSP. These include driver's intent identification, combination vehicle status estimation and control, and fault detection / tolerance. In this paper, the braking and steering dynamics of car-trailer and tractor-semitrailer combinations, and the brake systems which should be used extensively to increase the stability of combination vehicles are presented. Also our development platform is introduced and the combination vehicle simulation results are presented. The definition of combination vehicles in this paper includes car-trailer and commercial tractor-semitrailer combinations since their vehicle dynamics are based on the same equations of motion.</div>
Strain in Nanoscale Germanium Hut Clusters on Si(001) Studied by X-Ray Diffraction (1996)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction have been used to investigate nanoscale Ge hut clusters on $\mathrm{Si}(001)$. We have been able to identify the contributions to the scattered x-ray intensity which arise solely from the hut clusters and have shown that x-ray diffraction can be very sensitive to the strain field in the hut clusters. At the Ge/Si interface the Ge clusters are almost fully strained with a misfit of only 0.5% but towards the apex of the clusters the strain is relaxed and the atomic spacing is close to the natural Ge lattice spacing with a 4.2% misfit.
Assessment of immunity to influenza using artifical challenge of normal volunteers with influenza virus. (1975)

The candidate humoral mediators of protection against influenza include antibody (Ab) to the viral hemagglutinin (H) or neuraminidase (N) in serum or respiratory secretions. In the present studies these mediators were evaluated principally by low dose live virus challenge of previously vaccinated volunteers. Following IM vaccination with H3N2 virus, Ab appeared in both serum and secretions and direct quantitative relationship between the two was noted. Among individuals vaccinated intranasally with comparable doses, the serum and secretion Ab responses were similar to those after IM vaccination. Irrespective of immunization method, there was a better correlation between protection and titers of serum Ab than titers of Ab in nasal secretions. After vaccination with an N-specific vaccine, an inverse correlation between titer of serum anti-neuraminidase Ab and quantity of virus in secretions occurred. This was reflected in occurrence of illness in those with low Ab titers, infection only in those with intermediate Av titers and no evidence of infection in those with high Av titers. In a naturally occurring outbreak with the England variant, a similar pattern of infection responses occurred among persons with varying titers of serum anti-hemagglutinin Ab. This suggests that, in man, Ab to the H and to the N results in similar host responses to infection and that the extent of infection is determined by magnitude ofAb present.
Trellis shaping (1992)

The author discusses trellis shaping, a method of selecting a minimum-weight sequence from an equivalence class of possible transmitted sequences by a search through the trellis diagram of a shaping convolutional code C/sub s/. Shaping gains on the order of 1 dB may be obtained with simple four-state shaping codes and with moderate constellation expansion. The shaping gains obtained with more complicated codes approach the ultimate shaping gain of 1.53 dB. With a feedback-free syndrome-former for C/sub s/, transmitted data can be recovered without catastrophic error propagation. Constellation expansion and peak-to-average energy ratio may be effectively limited by peak constraints. With lattice-theoretic constellations, the shaping operation may be characterized as a decoding of an initial sequence in a channel trellis code by a minimum-distance decoder for a shaping trellis code based on the shaping convolutional code, and the set of possible transmitted sequences is then the set of code sequences in the channel trellis code that lie in the Voronoi region of the trellis shaping code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discussion on “Second-Guessing Clinical Trial Designs” by Jonathan J. Shuster and Myron N. Chang (2008)

Abstract With the option for second-guessing, a group sequential design can be found to match any given data. The key question is, What could we learn from this? Could we claim that the second-guess should have been used instead of the nonsequential design? Could we claim further that the second-guess is superior to other alternative group sequential designs? I propose a criterion and a procedure to assess the credibility of such a claim. I recommend limiting any such claim to those with high credibility. Numerical illustrations are provided.
Inhibitory effects of antioxidant constituents from Melothria heterophylla on matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play an important role in photoaging by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. To develop a new anti-aging agent for cosmetics from natural products, Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. was selected for its antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on expression of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Two compounds (compounds 1 and 2 ) were isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the ethanolic extracts; they were identified as 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-(D)-glucopyranose (1) and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2). These compounds were found to scavenge radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have SC50 values of 3.9 microM and 13.3 microM against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and values of 4.3 microM and 4.0 microM against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression and activity of MMP-1 in UVA-induced human skin fibroblasts, but no inhibition of MMP-1 mRNA expression. Therefore, we concluded that compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression at the protein level. Also, these compounds were determined to have a potent antioxidant activity. From these results, we suggest that these compounds might be useful as a new anti-aging agent for photodamaged skin, but the in vitro findings must be verified in in vivo studies.
Sanuto's doges of venice (1849)

Journal Article Sanuto's doges of venice Get access S. W. S. S. W. S. 1Mickleham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s1-I, Issue 5, 1 December 1849, Pages 75–76, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s1-I.5.75c Published: 01 December 1849
The UK National Health Service and the national health: 1948-98 (1999)

Abstract The question of whether medical care is an important influence on the health of populations has produced considerable debate. Progressive commentators have advanced the apparently paradoxical view that health services are a relatively minor determinant of health, but that health care provision guaranteed by the state is an important goal. The 50th anniversary of the U. K. National Health Service provides the basis for a brief review of a half century of discussion of these issues in the British context.
Improved Two-Factor Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol (2011)

Abstract: Quite recently, two smart-card-based passwords authenticated key exchange protocols were proposed by Lee et al. and Hwang et al. respectively. However, neither of them achieves two-factor authentication fully since they would become completely insecure once one factor is broken. To overcome these congenital defects, this study proposes such a secure authenticated key exchange protocol that achieves fully two-factor authentication and provides forward security of session keys. And yet our scheme is simple and reasonably efficient. Furthermore, we can provide the rigorous proof of the security for it.
Enantioselective Synthesis of<i>S</i>-Equol from Dihydrodaidzein by a Newly Isolated Anaerobic Human Intestinal Bacterium (2005)

A newly isolated rod-shaped, gram-negative anaerobic bacterium from human feces, named Julong 732, was found to be capable of metabolizing the isoflavone dihydrodaidzein to S-equol under anaerobic conditions. The metabolite, equol, was identified by using electron impact ionization mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and UV spectral analyses. However, strain Julong 732 was not able to produce equol from daidzein, and tetrahydrodaidzein and dehydroequol, which are most likely intermediates in the anaerobic metabolism of dihydrodaidzein, were not detected in bacterial culture medium containing dihydrodaidzein. Chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography eluted only one metabolite, S-equol, which was produced from a bacterial culture containing a racemic mixture of dihydrodaidzein. Strain Julong 732 did not show racemase activity to transform R-equol to S-equol and vice versa. Its full 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,429 bp) had 92.8% similarity to that of Eggerthella hongkongenis HKU10. This is the first report of a single bacterium capable of converting a racemic mixture of dihydrodaidzein to enantiomeric pure S-equol.
Fine Needle Aspiration of the Vocal Fold Lamina Propria in an Animal Model (2006)

Fine needle aspiration of the VF lamina propria is feasible without injury and offers a potentially promising, less invasive alternative to be developed for future diagnostic and therapeutic management of VF lesions.
RC 경계골조를 설치한 신축 비보강 조적벽체의 내진성능 평가 (2018)

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of boundary RC frame(composed of one tie-beam and two tie-columns) on seismic performance of unreinforced masonry walls to suggest alternative way for seismic design of unreinforced masonry wall structures. Two test specimens are prepared, one is a typical unreinforced masonry wall and another is alternative unreinforced masonry wall with additional boundary RC frame. The structural experiments were carried out to evaluate the difference of seismic resistance performance between two test specimens with or without the boundary RC frames. From the test results, it was found that the failure mode of unreinforced masonry wall fundamentally changed from 'brittle' to 'ductile' by the installing of boundary RC frames. And, the maximum load and energy dissipation capacity of the test specimen with boundary RC frame was increased about 1.6~1.7 and 2~3 times respectively compared with a typical unreinforced masonry wall specimen.
DES WATCH: AN EXAMINATION OF THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTION INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE 1990'S (1991)

Abstract DES is used almost universally by financial institutions (FIs) around the world. For the foreseeable future there are no alternatives to its continued use. Within ten years unmodified single-key DES will be breakable for a cost of about $3,500 per solution in under one day. Many financial systems which currently rely on single-key DES are therefore becoming vulnerable to attack. Despite the impact of breaking DES, the misconception that an FI's exposure is limited to the dollar values of particular short-lived transactions may make users unwilling to undertake urgent remedial measures. They may be prepared to tolerate risks they perceive as limited and unrealistic. This view ignores the danger that a breach of key management security poses to the system as a whole. Until a new encryption standard emerges, the exposure and consequences can be avoided by the adoption of double-length keys for DES. This is technically and economically feasible. Double-length keys and unique keys per transaction should be implemented in financial systems as soon as possible. Keywords: Data Encryption Standardkey managementfinancial institutionscomputer security
A systematic (16, 8) code for correcting double errors, and detecting random triple errors (2002)

We examine several systematic (16,8) codes capable of double error correction (DEC) and triple adjacent error detection. In particular, we examine a linear version of the Nordstrom-Robinson (NR) code in the light of new findings by Hammons (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.40, p.301, 1994) and others, and compare it with the (16, 8) code by Gulliver and Bhargava (see EEE Trans. Comp, vol.42, no.1, p.109, 1993). The NR code is non-linear, and because of its lack of algebraic structure, does not lend itself easily to use in its original form. However, it is now known that the NR code is the binary image of the octacode, and the octacode is a linear code. As a result of these new insights, we show that the NR code can be used to correct double errors (DEC), and simultaneously detect triple random errors (TED). These results are compared to the Gulliver and Bhargava (16, 8) code and summarized. We show that the linear form of the NR code can be decoded efficiently.