gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research on Magnetic Treatment of Fuel Fluids before Burner for Increasing Thermal Efficiency and Reducing Emissions Resulting from the Burning Process (2015)

Through magnetic treatment of fuel before burner, the main factors influencing the burning process like fuel quality and spray quality undergoes changes, and the burning process is substantially improved. Acting on the fuel fluid with certain successive alternating polarity magnetic waves generated by permanent magnets, which is one of the innovative features of the system proposed in this paper, there is an intensification of the process of changing the stereochemistry of molecules, appearing fractionation, leading to increasing its magnetic moment and to their stronger ionization. These changes result in increased affinity of fuel molecules to other molecules and ions from close proximity, thus implicitly to oxygen molecules who have a strong paramagnetic behavior and the combustion of the fuel will take place in the upper parameters. In this paper is proposed, tested and validated by a series of experimental burning tests an innovative system used for magnetic treatment of combustible fluids before burner.
ARFGAP3, an androgen target gene, promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration (2011)

ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 (ARFGAP3) is a GTPase-activating protein that associates with the Golgi apparatus and regulates the vesicular trafficking pathway. In the present study, we examined the contribution of ARFGAP3 to prostate cancer cell biology. We showed that ARFGAP3 expression was induced by 100 nM of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at both the mRNA and protein levels in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. We generated stable transfectants of LNCaP cells with FLAG-tagged ARFGAP3 or a control empty vector and showed that ARFGAP3 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration compared with control cells. We found that ARFGAP3 interacted with paxillin, a focal adhesion adaptor protein that is important for cell mobility and migration. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ARFGAP3 showed that ARFGAP3 siRNA markedly reduced LNCaP cell growth. Androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transactivation activity on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) enhancer was synergistically promoted by exogenous ARFGAP3 and paxillin expression, as shown by luciferase assay in LNCaP cells. Thus, our results suggest that ARFGAP3 is a novel androgen-regulated gene that can promote prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration in collaboration with paxillin.
Reticulin Fibrosis and Bone Infarction in Acute Leukemia. Implications for Prognosis (1964)

Abstract Reticulin fibrosis was found in 21 of 40 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia when marrows were studied sequentially by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies. Reticulin fibrosis frequently occurred early in the development of the disease. Mild degrees were completely reversible with remission, severe degrees usually persisted, even through remissions. Fibrosis appeared to develop during relapse. Duration of the disease in itself had little influence on the degree of reticulin fibrosis, and collagen fibrosis seldom followed reticulin fibrosis even after many months’ duration. The prognosis of patients with reticulin fibrosis of their marrows was definitely poorer than for the group without increased reticulin. Reticulin fibrosis virtually always prevented successful marrow biopsies by the standard technic of needle aspiration. Bone necrosis occurred in 11 of 75 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, but in none of 53 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia studied by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies during life or at autopsy. Bone necrosis was the major cause of severe bone pain and it was always associated with reticulin fibrosis of the marrow. Bone infarcts were not associated with short survival in all cases, but in general the prognosis of patients with bone necrosis was even poorer than that of patients with reticulin fibrosis but without demonstrable infarction.
A Social Networking Model of a Web Community (2007)

We propose a model to represent closeness between entities within Web communities and social networks/folksonomies conceptually and numerically, and a community dynamics notification algorithm. The proposed models add value to community environments supporting social networking, and are specifically applicable to the community-driven environments, where users create and share their vocabularies. We also show how this model can be applied within real-world use cases.
The effect of neutrophil migration and prolonged neutrophil contact on epithelial permeability. (1987)

The effect of neutrophil migration and prolonged neutrophil contact on epithelial permeability was examined. Although neutrophil migration was not associated with a change in epithelial permeability, prolonged neutrophil-epithelial contact following migration resulted in an increase in epithelial permeability. These results were not altered by catalase, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethyl ketone or cyclohexamide. This suggests that neutrophil migration does not occur via an H2O2-induced reversible mechanism of junctional opening, which we describe herein.
Biogas exploitation by SOFC (2002)

Biogas as renewable source of energy is underexploited. We extrapolate the potential recoverable from waste streams in the EU-15 to 769 PJ (17.5 Mtoe), of which under 10% is used (1.7 Mtoe). SOFC can promote the valorisation of biogas in small CHP installations (10-500 kWel). An energy/exergy balance model was performed on a SOFC demonstration unit coupled to an existing farm biogas site. From 8.9 kW of biogas, the module was calculated to derive 3.4 kWel and 4.1 kW useful heat, achieving 38% electrical and 46% thermal, or 84% overall efficiency (HHV). The exergy yield was 45%, >4.5 kW being lost in heat exchange processes. Applying this result to the exploitation of 769 PJ biogas in SOFCs could generate yearly 82 TWhel and 8 Mtoe heat from 20 GWel installed power, corresponding to 3% of EU-15 electricity. Derived benefits would be CO2 emission reduction of >70 Mt/yr and fuel savings corresponding to 12% of the current natural gas import in Europe.
Perturbations of Cell Cycle Control in T Cells Contribute to the Different Outcomes of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques and Sooty Mangabeys (2005)

In contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of humans and experimental simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques (RMs), SIV infection of sooty mangabeys (SMs), a natural host African monkey species, is typically nonpathogenic and associated with preservation of CD4+ T-cell counts despite chronic high levels of viral replication. In previous studies, we have shown that the lack of SIV disease progression in SMs is related to lower levels of immune activation and bystander T-cell apoptosis compared to those of pathogenic HIV/SIV infection (G. Silvestri, D. Sodora, R. Koup, M. Paiardini, S. O'Neil, H. M. McClure, S. I. Staprans, and M. B. Feinberg, Immunity 18:441-452, 2003; G. Silvestri, A. Fedanov, S. Germon, N. Kozyr, W. J. Kaiser, D. A. Garber, H. M. McClure, M. B. Feinberg, and S. I. Staprans, J. Virol. 79:4043-4054, 2005). In HIV-infected patients, increased T-cell susceptibility to apoptosis is associated with a complex cell cycle dysregulation (CCD) that involves increased activation of the cyclin B/p34-cdc2 complex and abnormal nucleolar structure with dysregulation of nucleolin turnover. Here we report that CCD is also present during pathogenic SIV infection of RMs, and its extent correlates with the level of immune activation and T-cell apoptosis. In marked contrast, naturally SIV-infected SMs show normal regulation of cell cycle control (i.e., normal intracellular levels of cyclin B and preserved nucleolin turnover) and a low propensity to apoptosis in both peripheral blood- and lymph node-derived T cells. The absence of significant CCD in the AIDS-free, non-immune-activated SMs despite high levels of viral replication indicates that CCD is a marker of disease progression during lentiviral infection and supports the hypothesis that the preservation of cell cycle control may help to confer the disease-resistant phenotype of SIV-infected SMs.
Active du/dt filtering for variable-speed AC drives (2009)

An oscillating overvoltage has become a common phenomenon at the motor terminal in inverter-fed variable-speed drives. The problem has emerged since modern insulated gate bipolar transistors have become the standard choice as the power switch component in lowvoltage frequency converter drives. Theovervoltage phenomenon is a consequence of the pulse shape of inverter output voltage and impedance mismatches between the inverter, motor cable, and motor. The overvoltages are harmful to the electric motor, and may cause, for instance, insulation failure in the motor. Several methods have been developed to mitigate the problem. However, most of them are based on filtering with lossy passive components, the drawbacks of which are typically their cost and size. \n\nIn this doctoral dissertation, application of a new active du/dt filtering method based on a low-loss LC circuit and active control to eliminate the motor overvoltages is discussed. The main benefits of the method are the controllability of the output voltage du/dt within certain limits, considerably smaller inductances in the filter circuit resulting in a smaller physical component size, and excellent filtering performance when compared with typical traditional du/dt filtering solutions. Moreover, no additional components are required, since the active control of the filter circuit takes place in the process of the upper-level PWM modulation using the same power switches as the inverter output stage. \n\nFurther, the active du/dt method will benefit from the development of semiconductor power switch modules, as new technologies and materials emerge, because the method requires additional switching in the output stage of the inverter and generation of narrow voltage pulses. Since additional switching is required in the output stage, additional losses are generated in the inverter as a result of the application of the method. Considerations on the application of the active du/dt filtering method in electric drives are presented together with experimental data in order to verify the potential of the method.
Effect of Culicoides sonorensis salivary proteins on clinical disease outcome in experimental bluetongue virus serotype 8 infection of Dorset sheep. (2016)

The severity of bluetongue clinical disease in ruminants varies greatly depending on the outbreak serotype/strain, animal species/breed, and immune status of the herd. To predict disease risk from any of the 26 bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes identified to date, experimental animal susceptibility studies are often conducted. Although sheep are the most susceptible livestock species in the US, infection of domestic breeds by injection of field isolates rarely produces the level of clinical disease observed in natural Culicoides midge‑transmitted outbreaks. Thus, outbreak risk assessments based on experimental animal infections can underestimate the severity posed by a potential outbreak with a given virus serotype or strain. The aim of this study was to determine whether secreted Culicoides salivary proteins injected simultaneously with virus, to more closely mimic midge‑delivered virus, would affect clinical disease outcome in a BTV‑8 sheep susceptibility study. Eight sheep were intradermally inoculated with BTV‑8; 4 received virus mixed with secreted Culicoides salivary proteins (BTV‑8 + Cu SP), 4 received virus alone. Clinical signs were monitored daily for type, severity and duration. In sheep receiving the BTV‑8 + Cu SP inoculum, clinical signs were more varied, more severe, and duration was three times longer compared to sheep receiving virus alone. These results suggest that Culicoides salivary proteins may play a contributing role in BTV pathology and that use of these proteins in experimental animal infections may allow development of a more robust target‑host animal model.
Search for a fourth-generation quark with<i>‖Q‖=e/3</i>in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>collisions at<i>√s =56–</i>57 GeV (1989)

A search for a fourth-generation quark with \ensuremath{\Vert}Q\ensuremath{\Vert}=e/3 has been made with the VENUS detector at the KEK ${e}^{+}$${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ collider TRISTAN. Multihadron events with a spherical shape or containing isolated leptons were studied. There is no evidence for an excess production of such events in ${e}^{+}$${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ collision at \ensuremath{\surd}s =56--57 GeV and a lower limit on the mass is 27.5 GeV/${c}^{2}$ at the 95% C.L.
Object-orientation and Extensibility in a Font-Scaler. (1993)

This paper illustrates an object-oriented approach that allows for both contour and rendering independence. Refined solutions can be packaged separately into intelligent contour and rendering objects. The approach results in a small and efficient font-scaling system that masters complexity by concept rather than industriousness.
Applications of a New 206.5-nm Continuous-Wave Laser Source: UV Raman Determination of Protein Secondary Structure and CVD Diamond Material Properties (1996)

We demonstrate the utility of a new 206.5-nm continuous-wave UV laser excitation source for spectroscopic studies of proteins and CVD diamond. Excitation at 206.5 nm is obtained by intracavity frequency doubling the 413-nm line of a krypton-ion laser. We use this excitation to excite resonance Raman spectra within the π → π amide transition of the protein peptide backbone. The 206.5-nm excitation resonance enhances the protein amide vibrational modes. We use these high signal-to-noise spectral data to determine protein secondary structure. We also demonstrate the utility of this source to excite CVD and gem-quality diamond within its electronic bandgap. The diamond Raman spectra have very high signal-to-noise ratios and show no interfering broad-band luminescence. Excitation within the diamond bandgap also gives rise to narrow photoluminescence peaks from diamond defects. These features have previously been observed only by cathodoluminescence measurements. This new continuous-wave UV source is superior to the previous pulsed sources, because it avoids nonlinear optical phenomena and thermal sample damage; Photoluminescence.
A port-arbitrated mechanism for behavior selection in humanoid robotics (2013)

Software engineering and best practices promote modularity and composability to reduce debugging and development time of software applications in robotics. This approach, however, increases the complexity of the system and the effort needed to properly coordinate interactions between modules. On the other hand programming robots to cope with an unstructured environment requires the implementation of highly reactive systems. Behavior-based architectures have been proposed as a programming paradigm to build complex, yet, reactive systems by integrating simpler modules. They require however that modules establish special connections dedicated to carry coordination signals. In a distributed architecture these signals must be properly synchronized with the ones that carry data. This article proposes a novel method for developing reactive systems by coordinating concurrent, distributed behaviors. In our approach arbitration exploits the connections that deliver data messages between modules and, for this reason, i) it intrinsically reduces the number of links required for coordination and ii) it can be built without changing existing modules. The proposed architecture is discussed in detail and tested on a real scenario on the iCub humanoid robot.
Wall Pressure Fluctuations During Transition on a Flat Plate (1991)

Detailed measurements of wall pressure fluctuations have been made in the intermittent (laminar-turbulent) region of a flat plate boundary layer. Digital sampling and processing techniques were used. The properties of these pressure fluctuations were found to be similar to the previous measurements made in the fully turbulent region. The measurements were repeated with a single two-dimensional surface roughness on the plate. The only changes in the results were a decrease in the transition Reynolds number from 2 × 106 to 1.6 × 106, and an increase in the decay rate of the longitudinal cross-spectral density magnitude by a factor of about 1.5. Emmons’ (1951) analytical model was applied for two cases: (1) a constant source density downstream of transition and, (2) a line source distribution at transition. Both predicted burst rates as functions of intermittency appreciably higher than measured values. Wall pressure spectra scaled on dynamic head showed a strong dependency on intermittency. This dependency was largely resolved, at least for intermittencies greater than 64 percent, by scaling on turbulent mean shear stress at the wall.
Randomized Trial of Cefepime Monotherapy or Cefepime in Combination with Amikacin as Empirical Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia (2004)

A multicenter open randomized trial was conducted to compare cefepime monotherapy with cefepime/amikacin combination (dual) therapy in treating febrile neutropenic patients with hematologic disorders. Among the 189 evaluable patients, 5.8% had microbiologically and 10.6% had clinically documented infections. Excellent response was seen in 32.6% and 45.7% of monotherapy and dual therapy recipients, respectively, at day 3 (P=.065). At day 3, patients with neutrophil counts of <500/ mu L receiving dual therapy had a better response than did those receiving monotherapy (45% vs. 27.6%; P=.024). The same was true for patients with leukemia. Adverse events were minimal, and early death was observed in 7 patients in the dual therapy group and 5 patients in the monotherapy group. Overall, cefepime monotherapy is as effective as dual therapy for the initial treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Further study is warranted for patients with severe neutropenia and leukemia who may benefit from dual therapy.
Halo Substituent Effects on Intramolecular Cycloadditions Involving Furanyl Amides (2006)

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions involving a series of N-alkenyl-substituted furanyl amides were investigated. Stable functionalized oxanorbornenes were formed in high yield upon heating at 80-110 degrees C. The cycloaddition reactions include several bromo-substituted furanyl amides, and these systems were found to proceed at a much faster rate and in higher yield than without substitution. This effect was observed by incorporating a halogen in the 3- or 5-position of the furan ring and appears to be general. The origin of increased cycloaddition rates for halo-substituted furans has been investigated with quantum mechanical calculations. The success of these reactions is attributed to increases in reaction exothermicities; this both decreases activation enthalpies and increases barriers to retrocycloadditions. Halogen substitution on furan increases reactant energy and stabilizes the product, which is attributed to the preference of electronegative halogens to be attached to a more highly alkylated and therefore more electropositive framework.
Comparisons of nucleotide sequences in the genomes of the New Jersey and Indiana serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (1980)

Nucleotide sequences of around 200 residues were determined adjacent to the 3' terminus of the genome RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype, and adjacent to the 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid tract of the N protein mRNA of the same virus. These sequences were compared with the corresponding sequences previously determined for the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. The sequences obtained for the two strains were readily aligned, showing 70.8% homology overall. Examination of the sequences allowed identification of the translation initiation and termination codons for the N mRNA of each serotype. The deduced N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences of the two N polypeptides were each similar, and most of the differences between them consisted of substitution by a clearly homologous amino acid. It was proposed that these nucleotide sequences, within limits imposed by their functions, comprise reasonably representative measures of the extent of sequence homology between the genomes of the two serotypes, and that this is higher than previously estimated, but with little exact homology over extended regions.
Approximation Algorithms for Capacitated Location Routing (2012)

An approximation algorithm for an optimization problem runs in polynomial time for all instances and is guaranteed to deliver solutions with bounded optimality gap. We derive such algorithms for different variants of capacitated location routing, an important generalization of vehicle routing where the cost of opening the depots from which vehicles operate is taken into account. Our results originate from combining algorithms and lower bounds for different relaxations of the original problem; along with location routing we also obtain approximation algorithms for multidepot capacitated vehicle routing by this framework. Moreover, we extend our results to further generalizations of both problems, including a prize-collecting variant, a group version, and a variant where cross-docking is allowed. We finally present a computational study of our approximation algorithm for capacitated location routing on benchmark instances and large-scale randomly generated instances. Our study reveals that the quality of the computed solutions is much closer to optimality than the provable approximation factor.
Decoherence in a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math>-qubit solid-state quantum register (2005)

We investigate the decoherence process for a quantum register composed of $N$ qubits coupled to an environment. We consider an environment composed of one common phonon bath and several electronic baths. This environment is relevant to the implementation of a charge based solid-state quantum computer. We explicitly compute the time evolution of all off-diagonal terms of the register's reduced density matrix. We find that in realistic configurations, ``superdecoherence'' and ``decoherence-free subspaces'' do not exist for an $N$-qubit system. This means that all off-diagonal terms decay, but not faster than ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}q(t)N}$, where $q(t)$ is of the same order as the decay function of a single qubit.