gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain imaging using PET (2002)

Discussing not only technique and instrumentation, but new developments in a broad range of fields such as kinetics, enzyme/neurotransmitter transport, language acquisition, and neuropathology, Brain Imaging Using PET will appeal to both experts and non-PET users in many branches of neuroscience. The authors offer an invaluable analysis of brain imaging and techniques, providing everything from the foundations to the practical applications of the modern techniques used in PET. It covers: head motion correction; tricks for imaging of monkeys and other animals; parametric images by quantification without arterial blood sampling; measurement of endogenous dopamine release; imaging acetylcholine esterase activity in Alzheimer patients; dopaminergic functions in Parkinson patients and animal models; new tracers for imaging of NK1, sigma-1 and other receptors; and, application of Bayesian, wavelet, cluster and other math techniques.
Antipyretic and antinociceptive activity of Diospyros lotus L. in animals (2014)

In short, our study scientifically validated the traditional use of the plant as antipyretic.
Treatment of Talipes Varus by Physical Education (1914)

(1914). Treatment of Talipes Varus by Physical Education. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 576-580.
Axitinib with or without dose titration for first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): Unblinded results from a randomized phase II study. (2013)

LBA349 Background: Patients receiving the 5-mg twice daily (BID) axitinib starting dose exhibit variable drug exposure; prior pharmacokinetic analyses indicate higher exposure is associated with better outcomes in mRCC. Dose titration based on individual tolerability may optimize exposure and improve efficacy. Methods: Patients (N=213) with treatment-naïve mRCC received axitinib 5 mg BID for a 4-week lead-in period. Then, patients with 2 consecutive weeks of blood pressure ≤150/90 mmHg, no axitinib-related toxicities >grade 2, no dose reductions, and ≤2 antihypertensive medications were randomized (double-blind) to axitinib 5 mg BID + dose titration to 10 mg BID maximum with axitinib or placebo. Those not eligible for randomization continued axitinib 5 mg BID or lower. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in randomized arms. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety were secondary endpoints. Assuming response rate under the null hypothesis is 0.15, this study had ≥80% power (1-sided type I error 10%) to detect a ≥25% absolute improvement in ORR with active vs placebo titration. Results: In all, 56 patients each were randomized to active and placebo titration arms, 91 were not randomized, and 10 withdrew during the lead-in period. As of Oct 12, 2012, ORR (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 54% (40–67) in the active titration arm vs 34% (22–48) in the placebo titration arm (1-sided P=0.019), and 59% (49–70) in the non-randomized arm. Median PFS (95% CI) from first dose was 14.5 mo (9.2–24.5) in the active titration arm vs 15.7 mo (8.3–19.4) in the placebo titration arm (hazard ratio favored active titration, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.54–1.35; 1-sided P=0.244), and 16.6 mo (11.2–22.5) in the non-randomized arm. Most frequent all-grade, all-causality adverse events in active titration, placebo titration, and non-randomized arms, respectively, were diarrhea (61% vs 63% vs 63%), hypertension (61% vs 43% vs 82%), and fatigue (45% vs 46% vs 54%). Conclusions: Axitinib is effective and well tolerated in first-line mRCC with prolonged median PFS in all treatment arms compared to historical controls. Axitinib dose titration significantly improved ORR vs placebo. Clinical trial information: NCT00835978.
Inversion of light-scattering measurements for particle size and optical constants: theoretical study (1994)

Measurements of the light scattered by a sample contain information regarding the physical properties of the sample. Laser light-scattering measurements can be made unobtrusively in environments that are inaccessible to other types of measurements, so laser light-scattering techniques have become an important tool in aerosol research. The primary difficulty associated with using light-scattering techniques to determine aerosol particle properties is inverting the measurements or extracting the desired information from the measurements. In this study we use a 15-channel polar nephelometer to measure the light-scattering patterns of monodisperse polystyrene spheres. The light-scattering measurements are inverted, and the particle size distribution function and optical properties of the particles are retrieved. The results of these inversions are presented after a brief description of the calibration and operation of the nephelometer.
The kinetics and mechanism of acid catalysed hydrolysis of lactams (1980)

The acid-catalysed hydrolysis of lactams of ring size 4–7, and of N-ethylacetamide, has been studied at various temperatures in 0–70% aqueous sulfuric acids. The kinetics have been analysed by means of the r-hydration parameter treatment and the transition-state activity coefficient (TSAC) approach. Except for the β-lactam, all substrates show a strong positive rate dependence on water activity, indicating a tetrahedral intermediate type of mechanism [Formula: see text], similar to that found for simple (acyclic) amide hydrolyses; only the β-lactam shows a negative rate – water activity dependence, which is interpreted in terms of a unimolecular [Formula: see text] mechanism, involving rate-determining acylium ion formation. Similarly, all substrates except the β-lactam show a pronounced destabilization of the transition-state as acidity is increased, typical of oxonium ion species. The behaviour of the β-lactam resembles that of methyl mesitoate hydrolysis. Basicity constants for lactams of ring size 4–9 show a definite dependence on ring size, with the δ-lactam being unusually basic. Both rate and pK dependence on ring size are discussed in terms of ring strain and steric effects. The activation parameters, particularly ΔS ≠ , are fully consistent with the conclusions drawn concerning transition-state hydration.
The impact of surgical technique on the results of liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Given its superior long-term outcome, piggyback transplantation might be considered primarily for HCC patients.
Development of a force sensor by using string vibration for multi DoF forceps (2018)

This paper discusses force sensing that measures a force applied to the tip of a wire-driven multi-degree-of-freedom forceps with tension measurement of the wires. The wire is beat and vibrated to generate sound. The tension of the wire can be calculated from the sound frequency by using the vibration theory of strings. Measurement of multiple axis forces is also possible with only one microphone. We develop a forceps that integrates a beating mechanism and experimentally confirm the change of the sound frequency as the change of the wire tension.
ChemInform Abstract: A Conformationally Restrained Series of AT1‐Selective Angiotensin II Antagonists. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
First Report of Committee on Zoology (1917)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Notices of Robert Riddell of Glenriddell, Esq., and of some of his Manuscripts and Books (1865)

The Land of Burns," by Professor Wilson and Eobert Chambers, vol. ii. p. 15, they say:-" When Burns took up his abode at Ellisland, his nearest neighbour to the west was Mr Eiddell of Glenriddoll. Friars' Carse, the residence of this gentleman, is about a mile from Burns' farm-house, being, like it, situated immediately beside the Nith. Biddell was an antiquary of some note, and an agreeable friend ; and Burns no sooner came to settle at Ellisland, than he was welcomed to Friars' Carse. He says somewhere of the worthy captain and his lady, ' At their fireside I have enjoyed more pleasant evenings than at all the houses of fashionable
Effect of Substrate Surface Topography and Temperature, on Millimeter and Micrometer Sized Splat Formation and on Thermal Contact Resistance (2006)

Abstract Many properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical) of thermal sprayed coatings are strongly linked to the real contacts between the “piled-up” splats. The quality of this contact depends on droplet parameters at impact (size, temperature, velocity) and substrate parameters (temperature, topography). Two different techniques have been developed in order to study the plasma sprayed particle behaviour at impact. The first one allows direct observation under direct current (dc) plasma spray conditions, while the latter one, based on the millimetre sized free falling drop, enables the visualization of flattening phenomena, but at larger scale. These two techniques bring complementary approaches and results. The latter show that flattening time and cooling rate of the lamellae (metallic and ceramic) are improved with the stainless steel substrate surface modification at the nanoscale when corresponding to a positive skewness parameter obtained by preheating it over the transition temperature. Experiments of wettability show that the presence of nanopeaks increases the contact angle of the liquid on the substrates and reduces thermal contact resistance at interface. It has also been shown that, when adsorbates and condensates are not eliminated from the surface, even with a positive skewness, the thermal contact resistance is increased.
Incorporação de líquidos iônicos e nanopartículas metálicas na construção de sensores eletroquímicos (2011)

The most relevant advances on analytical applications of ionic liquids (IL) as binder in the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on carbon paste are presented. This new class of solvents - the IL - has received great attention in electroanalytical researches due to the excellent physical and chemical properties of these materials, such as high conductivity, low toxicity, good stability, large electrochemical window and catalytic ability. Recently, the interest in electrodes modified with IL, especially when combined with metallic nanoparticles, has increased expressively due to improve the sensitivity and others advantages discussed in this review.
Narcissistic Rage and the Problem of Combat Aggression (1974)

A distinction is drawn between the aggression of combat soldiers reacting adaptively to situations of real danger and a type of combat aggression that is personally motivated by a quest for revenge. In contrast to the adaptive aggression that posed few postcombat difficulties, the latter type of aggression resulted in regressive ego (and superego) functioning and led to uncontrolled rages, combat atrocities, and postcombat difficulties in the handling of hostility and aggression. This latter type of aggression was traced to narcissistic injuries and subsequent narcissistic rage, often the consequence of the death of a combat buddy (loss of a mirror relationship).
Parameters of the human 3D gaze while observing portable autostereoscopic display: a model and measurement results (2012)

We present an approach to measure and model the parameters of human point-of-gaze (PoG) in 3D space. Our model considers the following three parameters: position of the gaze in 3D space, volume encompassed by the gaze and time for the gaze to arrive on the desired target. Extracting the 3D gaze position from binocular gaze data is hindered by three problems. The first problem is the lack of convergence - due to micro saccadic movements the optical lines of both eyes rarely intersect at a point in space. The second problem is resolution - the combination of short observation distance and limited comfort disparity zone typical for a mobile 3D display does not allow the depth of the gaze position to be reliably extracted. The third problem is measurement noise - due to the limited display size, the noise range is close to the range of properly measured data. We have developed a methodology which allows us to suppress most of the measurement noise. This allows us to estimate the typical time which is needed for the point-of-gaze to travel in x, y or z direction. We identify three temporal properties of the binocular PoG. The first is reaction time, which is the minimum time that the vision reacts to a stimulus position change, and is measured as the time between the event and the time the PoG leaves the proximity of the old stimulus position. The second is the travel time of the PoG between the old and new stimulus position. The third is the time-to-arrive, which is the time combining the reaction time, travel time, and the time required for the PoG to settle in the new position. We present the method for filtering the PoG outliers, for deriving the PoG center from binocular eye-tracking data and for calculating the gaze volume as a function of the distance between PoG and the observer. As an outcome from our experiments we present binocular heat maps aggregated over all observers who participated in a viewing test. We also show the mean values for all temporal properties separately for x, y and z direction averaged over all observers. We show the typical size of a binocular area of interest for a portable autostereoscopic display, as well as typical time the 3D vision can react to sudden changes in a 3D scene.
ChemInform Abstract: (3)Rotane: Crystal Structure, X‐X Difference Electron Density, and Phase Transition (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
What Scandinavian economists have to say on past inflation in Belgium (1977)

In a previous issue of this Review, A. Kervyn de Lettenhove and V. Staes (1975) used the so-called Scandinavian inflation model as a frame of reference in order to determine in which case the Belgian system of automatic wage-indexing produces excessive wage inflation, leading to a deterioration of the competition position of the export-oriented sectors on the world market. A formal test of the model used was only given at an aggregative level, and the need for a more disaggregated approach was stressed. In this paper, a disaggregated long-term version of the Scandinavian inflation model is formalized and tested for the Belgian economy. We first point out the assumptions underlying the model. On these assumptions the formalization is set up. Finally, the model is made subject to a formal test.
Fertility Impairment in Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Deficient Mice1 (1999)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been identified as a potentially important mediator of intercellular communication in the female reproductive tract, with principal target cells being the large populations of myeloid leukocytes in the cycling and pregnant uterus, the preimplantation embryo, and trophoblast cells of the developing placenta. To determine the physiological significance of this cytokine in reproduction, the fertility of genetically GM-CSF-deficient (GM-/-) mice was examined. Implantation rates were normal in GM-/- mice, and viable pups were produced. However, the mean litter sizes of GM-/- x GM-/- breeding pairs were 25% smaller at weaning than those of GM+/- x GM+/- pairs, due to fetal death late in gestation and early in postnatal life, with a disproportionate loss of male pups. On Day 17 of pregnancy, the mean number of resorbing and malformed fetuses was twice as high in pregnant GM-/- females (21%, vs. 11% in GM+/- females); the mean fetal weight and the mean fetal:placental ratio in surviving conceptuses were diminished by 7% and 6%, respectively; and the number of very small fetuses (< 500 mg) was 9-times as high (23% vs. 2.5%). Mortality during the first 3 wk of life was 4.5-times as high in pups born to GM-/- mothers (9%, vs. 2% in GM+/- females), and diminished size persisted in GM-/- pups, particularly males, into adulthood. The detrimental effect of maternal GM-CSF deficiency was less apparent when GM-/- females were mated with GM+/+ males; litter sizes at birth and at weaning were not significantly smaller than in GM+/- matings, and fetal weights and fetal:placental ratios were also comparable. When polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype embryonic tissue in heterozygote matings, GM-/- fetuses from GM-/- females were found to be smaller than their GM+/- littermates and smaller than GM-/- fetuses gestated in GM+/- females. The size and distribution of uterine granulocyte and macrophage populations were normal during the estrous cycle, during early pregnancy, and in midgestation. Analysis of placental structure revealed that the ratio of labyrinthine to spongiotrophoblast areas was reduced by approximately 28% in GM-/- placentae, and the proportion of vacuolated trophoblast "glycogen cells" in the spongiotrophoblast layer was diminished. Compromised placental function as a result of subtle developmental aberrations may therefore partially account for embryonic growth retardation in GM-CSF-deficient mice. Collectively, these studies show that fetal growth and viability are jeopardized in the absence of maternal GM-CSF. The detrimental effects are most clearly evident when the conceptus is also GM-CSF deficient, suggesting that GM-CSF of either maternal or fetal origin is required for optimal growth and survival of the fetus in mice.
Stereoselective Generation of 1‐Acyloxy‐2‐amino Carbanions by Deprotonation; Synthesis of Enantiomerically and Diastereomerically Pure β‐Amino Alcohols (1992)

Activation of the oxygen-substituted C atom so that it functions as a nucleophile—this is the key to the preparation of the stereoisomeric β-amino alcohols in pure form. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions of O-carbamate derivatives of achiral 2-(dibenzylamino)alcohols (e.g. 1 → 2) is determined by the reagent. If, on the other hand, a stereogenic center is in the β position, the stereochemistry of the deprotonation and the substitution is determined by the substrate. In both cases, the configurationally stable α-acyloxy-β-amino carbanion is the intermediate. El = electrophile.
Human T-cell leukemia virus specific antigens. (1984)

Type I and type II human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV) contain in their genomes three structural genes, gag, pol, and env and a putative transforming gene, lor. Using a living cell membrane immunofluorescence assay, antibodies to surface-expressed env gene products of HTLV-MA have been detected in healthy carriers living in the HTLV-I endemic areas, and in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Similar antibody reactivities were detected in patient MO, from whom HTLV-II was first isolated, and in a proportion of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Amino acid sequence homology between env gene products of HTLV-I and HTLV-II provides the molecular basis for the observed serological crossreactivity. Detection of HTLV-specific antibody in a proportion of AIDS patients suggested that agents related to HTLV-I may be the etiological cause of AIDS. Several lines of evidence have now suggested that HTLV-III is the etiological agent of AIDS. Flanked by the env gene and 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) is a region originally described by Seiki et al. as "X." A 42 kdalton and a 38 kdalton product have been detected in HTLV-I and HTLV-II transformed cells, respectively. These two proteins appear to be translated from a long open reading (lor) frame in the X region, and from a yet to be defined region upstream to the lor gene. The identification of lor products provides direct evidence for the presence of previously unidentified functional genes in HTLV-I and HTLV-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abnormal Coronary Function in Mice Deficient in α <sub>1H</sub> T-type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels (2003)

Calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is important for the regulation of vascular tone. Activation of L-type Ca2+ channels initiates muscle contraction; however, the role of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) is not clear. We show that mice deficient in the alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channel (alpha(1)3.2-null) have constitutively constricted coronary arterioles and focal myocardial fibrosis. Coronary arteries isolated from alpha(1)3.2-null arteries showed normal contractile responses, but reduced relaxation in response to acetylcholine and nitroprusside. Furthermore, acute blockade of T-channels with Ni2+ prevented relaxation of wild-type coronary arteries. Thus, Ca2+ influx through alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channels is essential for normal relaxation of coronary arteries.
Diversity techniques in indoor mobile radio with DS-CDMA multi-h CPM (2002)

Multi-h continuous-phase modulation (CPM) is combined with a direct-sequence spread spectrum system and its performance is assessed in several indoor environments (line-of-sight (LOS), non-LOS and factories). The study is performed for two different multi-h codes considering a coherent receiver structure which is optimum for AWGN. Improvements in the performance are obtained with the use of diversity in the receiver. Two different types of diversity are considered, selection diversity and a post-detection diversity scheme implemented by means of two Viterbi receivers. Results show that CDMA multi-h CPM can achieve a good performance when used in indoor environments for relatively high bit rates but specially for factories the use of diversity techniques, further coding or interleaving is needed to achieve a given BER for realistic values of E/sub b//N/sub 0/.
II. The Efficiency of the Primary Photochemical Process for Halogens in Water. The Photochemical Reaction of Mn(II) and Br<sub>2</sub> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTII. The Efficiency of the Primary Photochemical Process for Halogens in Water. The Photochemical Reaction of Mn(II) and Br2Aaron C. Rutenberg and Henry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4426–4431Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a115https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a115research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calix[4]pyrroles: New Solid-Phase HPLC Supports for the Separation of Anions (1998)

A new type of solid support for HPLC separation of nucleotides, oligonucleotides, N-protected amino acids, and perfluorinated biphenyls is revealed in the form of two distinct calix[4]pyrrole-modified silica gels (below).