gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Racemization, enantiomerization, diastereomerization, and epimerization: Their meaning and pharmacological significance (1995)

Abstract The configurational lability of enantiomers can be characterized by different terms, each defining a specific process. Racemization relates to the macroscopic and statistical process of the irreversible transformation of one of the enantiomers into the racemic mixture. Enantiomerization refers to the microscopic and molecule process of the reversible conversion of one enantiomer into the other. Methods allowing the experimental determination of rate constants of racemization ( k rac ) and enantiomerization ( k enant ) are discussed, and it is shown that k enant = 1/2 k rac . Neglect of this fact is a source of some confusion in the literature. When two or more elements of chirality are present in a molecule and one of them is configurationally labile, epimerization occurs, a particular case of diastereomerization. These processes of interconversion between diastereomers are kinetically more complicated than racemization and enantiomerization since the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions are always different ( k diast/A‐to‐B ≠ k diast/B‐to‐A ), however small the difference. An important aspect of the configurational lability of stereoisomeric drugs is the time scale of the phenomenon. When interconversion occurs to a significant extent during the residence time of a drug in the body, a pharmacological time scale is implied. In contrast, the pharmaceutical time scale refers to slower rates of interconversion that affect the configurational purity of a drug during its shelf‐life. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplantation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Multilineage Progenitor Cells Reduces Serum Cholesterol in Hyperlipidemic Watanabe Rabbits (2010)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal codominant disease characterized by high concentrations of proatherogenic lipoproteins and premature atherosclerosis secondary to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficiency. We examined a novel cell therapy strategy for the treatment of FH in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, an animal model for homozygous FH. We delivered human adipose tissue-derived multilineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) via portal vein and followed by immunosuppressive regimen to avoid xenogenic rejection. Transplantation of hADMPCs resulted in significant reductions in total cholesterol, and the reductions were observed within 4 weeks and maintained for 12 weeks. (125)I-LDL turnover study showed that the rate of LDL clearance was significantly higher in the WHHL rabbits with transplanted hADMPCs than those without transplanted. After transplantation hADMPCs were localized in the portal triad, subsequently integrated into the hepatic parenchyma. The integrated cells expressed human albumin, human alpha-1-antitrypsin, human Factor IX, human LDL receptors, and human bile salt export pump, indicating that the transplanted hADMPCs resided, survived, and showed hepatocytic differentiation in vivo and lowered serum cholesterol in the WHHL rabbits. These results suggested that hADMPC transplantation could correct the metabolic defects and be a novel therapy for inherited liver diseases.
Normal development of hamster and rabbit eggs fertilized by spermatozoa labelled with the fluorescent thiol alkylating agent, monobromobimane (1986)

Cauda epididymal spermatozoa of the golden hamster were labelled with the thiol-alkylating reagent, monobromobimane (MB). Female hamsters underwent uterine insemination with labelled spermatozoa at laparotomy under metofane anesthesia. All 12 females examined between 5 and 54 h postinsemination yielded a total of 83/100 (83%) eggs in the process of fertilization or embryos. Under ultraviolet (UV) exposure all exhibited a fluorescent tail which, in the 4- and 8-cell embryos, could be seen to be fraying or disintegrating. As cleavage progressed, labelled tail components came to be restricted among the blastomeres such that at the 4- and 8-cell stage the tail could be seen in only one to three blastomeres. To study complete development and pregnancy another 12 females received uterine insemination. After recovery from anesthesia (approximately equal to 4 h) these females were mated with a vasectomized male bearing a dominant genetic marker (black eyes) to allow unequivocal determination of paternity in the fetuses and young produced. Seven became pregnant with one female losing her pregnancy about Day 7 of gestation. Two females sacrificed on Day 13 produced 17 normal fetuses and one resorption. Four females delivered 16 young, all normal at birth and in subsequent growth and fertility. In addition, insemination of female rabbits with MB-labelled spermatozoa yielded normal embryos (50/52 96%) from 3 does on Day 2 and (38/64 60%) from 4 does on Days 4 or 5. Two normal litters (9 bunnies) have delivered from 3 does allowed to carry to term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
General synthesis of graphene-supported bicomponent metal monoxides as alternative high-performance Li-ion anodes to binary spinel oxides (2016)

Various kinds of graphene-supported bicomponent metal monoxides are synthesized and demonstrate superior lithium storage performance to binary spinel oxides.
Lack of macrophage migration inhibitory factor suppresses innate immune response in murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis (2008)

Our findings indicate that a lack of MIF suppresses the innate immune response in DSS-induced colitis.
Animal Studies Concerning the Cariogenicity of Dry Breakfast Cereals (1977)

Four studies were performed in rats and hamsters concerning the cariogenicity of cereals and the role of sucrose in that process. The findings indicate that sucrose content per se does not necessarily reflect the cariogenic potential. Presweetened cereals were more conducive to the formation of smooth surface caries in the hamster than were nonpresweetened cereals while no major differences between the cereals were observed in occlusal caries in rats.
Communications - The ortho-Alkylation of Phenols (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommunications - The ortho-Alkylation of PhenolsA. Kolka, J. Napolitano, and G. EckeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 6, 712–713Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online4 March 2003Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01112a621https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01112a621research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sibling Transmission of Vaccine-Derived Rotavirus (RotaTeq) Associated With Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (2010)

Although rotavirus vaccines are known to be shed in stools, transmission of vaccine-derived virus to unvaccinated contacts resulting in symptomatic rotavirus gastroenteritis has not been reported to our knowledge. We document here the occurrence of vaccine-derived rotavirus (RotaTeq [Merck and Co, Whitehouse Station, NJ]) transmission from a vaccinated infant to an older, unvaccinated sibling, resulting in symptomatic rotavirus gastroenteritis that required emergency department care. Results of our investigation suggest that reassortment between vaccine component strains of genotypes P7[5]G1 and P1A[8]G6 occurred during replication either in the vaccinated infant or in the older sibling, raising the possibility that this reassortment may have increased the virulence of the vaccine-derived virus. Both children remain healthy 11 months after this event and are without underlying medical conditions.
Extracellular circulating viral microRNAs: current knowledge and perspectives (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs responsible of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through interaction with messenger RNAs (mRNAs). They are involved in important biological processes and are often dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including cancer and infections. Viruses also encode their own sets of miRNAs, which they use to control the expression of either the host's genes and/or their own. In the past few years evidence of the presence of cellular miRNAs in extracellular human body fluids such as serum, plasma, saliva, and urine has accumulated. They have been found either cofractionate with the Argonaute2 protein or in membrane-bound vesicles such as exosomes. Although little is known about the role of circulating miRNAs, it has been demonstrated that miRNAs secreted by virus-infected cells are transferred to and act in uninfected recipient cells. In this work we summarize the current knowledge on viral circulating miRNAs and provide a few examples of computational prediction of their function.
Natural Convection: A Mechanism for Transporting Oxygen to Incubating Salmon Eggs (1978)

Respiratory exchange at the surface of developing fish eggs is influenced by two processes: diffusion and convection. The respiring egg acts as an oxygen sink, removing dissolved oxygen from the diffusion layer surrounding the outer surfaces of the egg capsule. To maintain the oxygen gradient in the diffusion layer, oxygen must be delivered to it by convection. This paper describes two components of convective transport: that provided by forced convection — the bulk transport of oxygenated water to the egg; and a newly recognized component, natural convection. Salmon normally spawn in gravel environments. Mass transfer of oxygen to incubating eggs, resulting from forced convection, is provided by subsurface water moving with a velocity related primarily to properties of the gravel and the hydraulic gradient. Egg-induced natural convection is seen as a component embedded in these relations. Acting as an emergency oxygen transport and metabolite disposal mechanism at low water velocities, natural convection could maintain perfusion of respiring eggs at some minimum water velocity in the event of diminution or interruption of natural water flow. The relevance of natural convection as a possible mechanism affecting several other respiring systems is discussed. Key words: respiration, forced convection, density of water, bulk transport, diffusion, diffusion layer, oxygen gradient
TU‐G‐116‐01: A Roadmap for Installing and Commissioning New Equipment (2013)

Learning Objectives: 1. To learn how to build a new equipment commissioning project plan using efficient project management methods 2. To identify equipment, personnel resources and commissioning time required 3. Understand how to account for commissioning new technology with small install base 4. Learn to develop a representative commissioning plan for a linac, CK, HDR unit or treatment planning system. Commissioning a large new piece of equipment or software is a core responsibility for a clinical medical physicist, yet it can be a daunting undertaking. Increasingly complex technology requires more complex, commissioning tasks to be completed. Many of these tasks originate from recently published AAPM Task Groups, but there is not yet a good sense in the community of how much time these tasks typically require. Medical Physicists are required to do all recommended tests to ensure patient safety while at the same time being conscious of revenue loss during commissioning time. Therefore, commissioning time needs to budgeted within a fairly tight tolerance. This session will give audiences the tool to develop a commissioning plan including time required, equipment needs, staff needs, and commissioning checklist. The speakers will demonstrate how to develop a sample commissioning plan for a linac, CyberKnife, HDR unit and treatment planning system.
Vertical Type Organic Device Using Thin-Film ZnO Transparent Electrode (2004)

We propose a double heterojunction type organic light emitting diodes (OLED) using zinc oxide (ZnO) films, which works as a transparent and electron injection layer. The crystal structure of the ZnO films as a function of Ar/O2 flow ratio and the basic characteristics of the OLED depending on the ZnO sputtering conditions are investigated. Excellent characteristics of novel OLED were obtained as high as 470cd/m2at 22V and 7.6mA/cm2. The results obtained here demonstrate that the vertical type organic light emitting transistor (OLET) using ZnO layer as an electron injection layer is expected as a key element for flexible sheet displays.
Synthèse de mono-esters de sucre par biocatalyse (1992)

On a realise la synthese de differents mono-esters de sucre en milieu organique. Les parametres influencant la synthese de l'oleate de fructose par le Lipozyme ont ete etudies plus particulierement. L'etude spectroscopique du produit obtenu montre que celui-ci s'avere etre le 1-oleoyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose
Keratometry Evaluations With the Pentacam High Resolution in Comparison With the Automated Keratometry and Conventional Corneal Topography (2011)

The Pentacam HR provided reliable K measurements in clinical practice in comparison with an automated keratometer and a corneal topographer. Based on the results, for patient follow-up, one keratometry device is recommended.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Trimeric Furoxan (= Furazan 2‐Oxide) System, a New Potent Vasodilating Moiety. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Autohesion and Cohesion of Uncrosslinked Elastomers (1988)

Abstract Over the past several years the author and collaborators have studied the autohesion (tack) and cohesion (green strength) of uncrosslinked elastomers. It is the purpose of this short review to present some highlights of this research. This is not meant to be a brief review of the entire literature on the subject.
Main Group Compounds as Amphoteric Ligands to Transition Metals. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Cr(CO)<sub>5</sub>[PPh<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Ga(CH<sub>2</sub>CMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·NMe<sub>3</sub>] (1996)

The reactivities of the group 13 compounds, R2MCH2PPh2 and R2MPPh2, as amphoteric ligands to transition metals have been investigated. The ligands R2MCH2PPh2 (R = CH2CMe3, CH2SiMe3; M = Ga, In) reacted readily with Cr(CO)5NMe3 in benzene solution to form Cr(CO)5[PPh2CH2MR2·NMe3], whereas for ligands of the type R2MPPh2 (R = CH2CMe3, CH2SiMe3; M = Al, Ga, In), only the two aluminum compounds and (Me3CCH2)2GaPPh2 formed isolable products of the type Cr(CO)5[PPh2MR2·NMe3]. However, the gallium and indium ligands with (trimethylsilyl)methyl substituents (Me3SiCH2)2MPPh2 reacted with NEt4MT(CO)5Cl (MT = Cr, Mo, W) to form products of the type NEt4MT(CO)5[PPh2MR2Cl]. All new compounds were characterized by their physical properties, C and H analyses, and 1H and 31P NMR and IR spectral properties. The identity of NEt4Cr(CO)5[PPh2In(CH2SiMe3)2Cl] was further confirmed by the subsequent identification of products from reactions with anhydrous HCl and with MeI. In addition, Cr(CO)5[PPh2CH2Ga(CH2CMe3)2·NMe3] was characterized by an X-ray structural study.
[Substances with central nervous system activity. Derivatives of octahydro-1,4-dihydroxypyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-6-carboxylic acids]. (1984)

Compounds with potential activity on the Central Nervous System were prepared starting either from 2,5-diethoxycarbonylpyrrolidine or from N-benzyloxycarbonyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid anhydride. By the Arndt-Eistert reaction it was possible to obtain chain lengthening at position 6. The carboxy group was also successfully reduced to a hydroxymethyl group. The synthetic work was completed with the synthesis of some derivatives having a phenyl ring condensed at position 7 and 8. Some pharmacological data on the Central Nervous System depressant activity of the prepared compounds are also reported.
Similarity of Gene Expression Patterns in Human Alveolar Macrophages in Response to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> (2005)

To determine if differences in the severity of pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis seen with late isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia are associated with differences in the initial response of alveolar macrophages (AM) to these pathogens, we assessed gene expression changes in human AM in response to infection with a laboratory strain, early and late clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, and B. cepacia. Analysis of gene expression changes at the RNA level using oligonucleotide microarrays, following exposure to laboratory P. aeruginosa strain PAK, showed significant (P < 0.01) >2.5-fold upregulation of 42 genes and >2.5-fold downregulation of 45 genes. The majority of the changes in gene expression involved genes as part of inflammatory pathways and signaling systems. Interestingly, similar responses were observed following exposure of AM to early and late clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, as well as with B. cepacia, suggesting that the more severe clinical outcome of infections with late clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa or with B. cepacia cannot be explained by differences in the early interactions of these organisms with the human AM, as reflected by the similarity of gene expression changes in response to exposure of AM to these pathogens.
Organic Anion Transporters (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Genomics of OATs Ontogeny of OATs Structure and Function of OATs Animal Models Human Variation and Clinical Implications Conclusions References
Protein A MutantsofStaphylococcus aureus (1971)

regulatory mechanism.Protein A has been shown to be associatedwith the cell surface of most Staphylococcus au-reus strains (13). In addition, protein A can bedetected as an extracellular product in the cul-ture medium of bacterial and L-forms of S. au-reus (12). A direct reaction between protein Aand the Fc part of gamma G
Antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence factor genes in Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from the uterus of postpartum dairy cows (2010)

Arcanobacterium pyogenes is considered the most significant bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of metritis in cattle. Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are a great challenge in both human and veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to present an overview of antimicrobial resistance in A. pyogenes isolated from the uteruses of postpartum Holstein dairy cows and to identify virulence factors. Seventy-two A. pyogenes isolates were phenotypically characterized for antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline by the broth microdilution method. Presence of virulence factor genes of A. pyogenes was investigated. Isolates exhibited resistance to all antimicrobial agents tested; high levels of resistance were found to amoxicillin (56.9%); ampicillin (86.1%), chloramphenicol (100%), florfenicol (59.7%), oxytetracycline (54.2%), penicillin (86.1%) and tetracycline (50%). Of all isolates, 69 (95.8%) were resistant to at least 2 of the antimicrobial agents tested and multidrug resistance (resistant to at least 3 antimicrobials) was observed in 64 (88.9%) of the A. pyogenes isolates. The major multidrug resistance profile was found for chloramphenicol-ampicillin-penicillin-florfenicol-amoxicillin-tetracycline, which was observed in 21 (29.2%) multidrug resistant isolates. No isolate was resistant to all nine antimicrobial agents tested but four isolates (5.6%) were resistant to eight antimicrobials. The information highlights the need for prudent use of specific antimicrobial agents. All four virulence factor genes occurred in isolates from normal puerperium and clinical metritis; however, the fimA gene was present in significantly higher frequency in isolates from metritis cows.
Synthesis of Potential Early-Stage Intermediates in the Biosynthesis of FR900482 and Mitomycin C (2009)

Beyond the identification of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) and D-glucosamine as biosynthetic precursors to mitomycin C (5) and FR900482 (6), little is known about the pathway Nature uses to prepare these antitumor antibiotics. To gain some insight into their biosynthesis, amino acids 1 and 2 as well as C-2 N-acetylated derivatives 3 and 4 were prepared. Preparation of these putative biosynthetic intermediates and N-acetylcysteamine thioester analogues 28 and 29 should enable confirmation of their involvement in FR900482 and mitomycin C biosynthesis.
Image Processing of the Weld Pool in Robotic Plasma Welding System (2013)

The formation of stable penetration beads in joining of the thick materials is important in order to achieve high quality welded metal joints. Since plasma welding employs the high welding current density, it is suitable in joining of the thick materials. The relationship between the voltage and the keyhole is unclear. It is important to keep the standoff in a high quality of the plasma welding. But it is difficult to estimate the standoff by using the voltage and the welding current. The authors tried to observe the weld pool on top side of the base metal, directly. For this purpose, the authors tried to apply a CCD camera with an external trigger. Moreover, the keyhole depends on the standoff of the plasma torch. When the base metal was inclined due to the setting in the robotic welding, a good quality of welding cannot be obtained. In the teaching of the robot, it took much time to adjust the standoff, since the electrode of the plasma torch was hidden into the plasma tip. In order to save the teaching time, the authors tried to control standoff of torch by processing the weld pool images taken with the CCD camera during the welding.