gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Epidemiology of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: The Women's Health Initiative (2014)

Osteoporosis and its associated increased risk for fragility fracture is one of the most disabling consequences of aging in women. To successfully reduce the public health burden of this pervasive disease, it is necessary to develop strategies that permit the earlier identification of women at risk for fracture and ensure that preventive interventions to reduce the risk for fracture are both safe and effective. The Women's Health Initiative offers the unprecedented opportunity to systematically address both of these issues. Eleven clinically available risk factors (age, race/ethnicity, self-reported health, weight, height, physical activity, parental hip fracture, fracture history after age 54, current smoking, corticosteroid use, and history of treated diabetes), have been identified to predict 5-year hip fracture risk in white women. Two of these factors (age and fracture history) also predict risk for total fractures in women irrespective of race-ethnicity. Biomarkers including low vitamin D or bioavailable testosterone and/or high cystatin C, pro-inflammatory cytokines, osteoprotegerin and sex hormone-binding globulin also predict risk for hip fracture independent of clinical risk factors. Two cornerstones of therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis-postmenopausal hormone therapy and calcium plus vitamin D supplementation- were rigorously studied. Estrogen with or without a progestin was effective at preventing bone loss and reducing risk for hip, clinical vertebral and total fractures but the balance of risks and benefits failed to show an overall benefit of taking estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin as a preventive strategy for skeletal health. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation also demonstrated a small but significant favorable effect on hip bone density but in contrast, the modest effect did not translate into a significant reduction in the risk of fractures in intent-to-treat analyses. Data such as these have helped to lay a foundation for the more effective management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Transanal minimally invasive surgery: an initial experience (2012)

TAMIS is a feasible and cost-effective alternative to transanal endoscopic microsurgery for resection of rectal lesions. It may have a shorter learning curve, especially for laparoscopic surgeons already proficient in single-port procedures.
Introduction (2004)

Throughout higher education history, administrators and faculty have argued about the importance of theatre education and its value as an academic discipline within the ivory towers of American colleges and universities. Although American higher education's acceptance of this lively art as a serious discipline has been comparatively slow, its importance to the liberal arts and the support of American theatre nonetheless has become well recognized. Historically, reasons given for including theatre arts in institutions of higher learning were: (1) to teach language and literature; (2) to bind society and culture; (3) to teach Christian virtue; (4) to teach oratory and delivery; (5) to teach self-confidence; and (6) to teach memory. These reasons for academic theatre are fully discussed throughout Phillip A. Coggins, The Use of Drama (1956) and addressed in Patti P. Gillespie, "Theatre Education and Hirsh's Contextualism: How Do We Get There and Where Do We Want to Go" (1990). In the second half of the twentieth century, higher education emphasized two additional reasons: to train theatre professionals within academe and to establish a relationship between the college campus and the surrounding community.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Optically-Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) studies on organic materials (2011)

Organic semiconductors have evolved rapidly over the last decades and currently are considered as the next-generation technology for many applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in flat-panel displays (FPDs) and solid state lighting (SSL), and organic solar cells (OSCs) in clean renewable energy. This dissertation focuses mainly on OLEDs. Although the commercialization of the OLED technology in FPDs is growing and appears to be just around the corner for SSL, there are still several key issues that need to be addressed: (1) the cost of OLEDs is very high, largely due to the costly current manufacturing process; (2) the efficiency of OLEDs needs to be improved. This is vital to the success of OLEDs in the FPD and SSL industries; (3) the lifetime of OLEDs, especially blue OLEDs, is the biggest technical challenge. All these issues raise the demand for new organic materials, new device structures, and continued lower-cost fabrication methods. In an attempt to address these issues, we used solution-processing methods to fabricate highly efficient small molecule OLEDs (SMOLEDs); this approach is costeffective in comparison to the more common thermal vacuum evaporation. We also successfully made efficient indium tin oxide (ITO)-free SMOLEDs to further improve the efficiency of the OLEDs. We employed the spin-dependent optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique to study the luminescence quenching processes in OLEDs and organic materials in order to understand the intrinsic degradation mechanisms. We also fabricated polymer LEDs (PLEDs) based on a new electron-accepting blue-emitting polymer and studied the effect of molecular weight on the efficiency of PLEDs. All these studies helped us to better understand the underlying relationship between the organic semiconductor materials and the OLEDs’ performance, and will subsequently assist in further enhancing the efficiency of OLEDs. With strongly improved device performance (in addition to other OLEDs' attributes such as mechanical flexibility and potential low cost), the OLED technology is promising to successfully compete with current technologies, such as LCDs and inorganic LEDs.
<i>Ab initio</i> study of the isomerization of retinal chromophore and its derivatives (2002)

The structures, vibrational frequencies, electronic properties, and cis-trans photoisomerization process of retinal chromophore and its derivatives (i.e., Schiff base and protonated Schiff base) are studied using the density-functional theory with Becke’s three-parameter exchange functional together with the correlation functionals of Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) and the second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). The optical transition energies for photoisomerization are reported at the configuration interaction (CI) level with single excitations (CIS) as well as at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using the random-phase-approximation (RPA). For slightly simplified model systems of retinal chromophore and its derivatives, the RPA values are very close to those of the complete active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) method and the multireference CI (MRCI) method, and are also in reasonable agreement with the experiments. We have also tried to investigate the solvent effect of the vertical transition energies in the presence of one or two water molecules. The present study deals with the mechanism of the cis-trans (or trans-cis) photoisomerization based on the molecular orbital (MO) analysis.
The Evolving Field of Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

Vitamin K antagonists have been the standard in stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation for decades, but several limitations make it difficult for patients to tolerate chronic anticoagulation treatment. New drugs are under evaluation in clinical trials, including direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors. Antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel and aspirin are alternatives to warfarin for stroke prevention but have proven less efficacious in trials. The only drug to have completed a Phase III trial successfully thus far is dabigatran. The 150-mg twice-a-day dose was superior to warfarin in efficacy and similar for major bleeding, whereas the 110-mg twice-a-day dose was noninferior for efficacy and reduced major bleeding. Both doses reduced intracranial hemorrhages substantially compared with warfarin. Dabigatran-assigned patients had a higher incidence of discontinuation due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinically apparent myocardial infarction rates were slightly higher in the dabigatran groups than the warfarin group. Dabigatran is the first agent to show superiority over warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, raising the standard for newer agents.
Prestación laboral ejecutada en varios Estados y ley aplicable al contrato individual de trabajo (2011)

La STJUE de 15 de marzo de 2011 es la primera resolucion en la que dicho Tribunal se cuestiona el alcance del art. 6.2.a) CR 1980, y lo hace en el marco de una cuestion prejudicial planteada ante el TJUE al hilo de un litigio entre el Sr. H. Koelzsch, conductor de transporte internacional, y el Gran Ducado de Luxemburgo, en relacion a una demanda de indemnizacion de danos como consecuencia de una supuesta aplicacion incorrecta de las reglas del CR 1980 por parte de los Tribunales de Luxemburgo, que aplicaron el Derecho luxemburgues frente a las disposiciones imperativas de proteccion de los trabajadores del Derecho aleman que invocaba el Sr. Koelzsch.
Mimi4x: An interactive audio-visual installation for high-level structural improvisation (2010)

We present Mimi4x, an interactive audio-visual installation that engages members of the general public in high-level structural decision-making in musical improvisation. Through a MIDI controller, the user manages four instances of the Mimi 1.5 improvisation system. The visuals in each Mimi system animate the generation of new music, depicting the recombination of musical material, and the flow of generated music in time. A composer prepares original music material for each Mimi to use in its improvisation. Through Mimi4x, the user is directly involved in the improvisation/composition process, and takes on some of the role of the composer. The user chooses which oracles will perform and when, and can adjust the recombination rate for, and playback volume of, each oracle during performance. This simple method of interaction is accessible to all users regardless of their musical background, yet gives the user significant and satisfying influence over the music generated.
Ultra-Wideband Power Divider Using Multi-Wafer Packaging Technology (2010)

A compact ultra-wideband Wilkinson power combiner/divider is first demonstrated using a hermetic multi-wafer wafer level packaging technology. Its bandwidth is broadened to around 2-22 GHz with a maximum VSWR around 2:1, by using a multi-section design approach. A total of four sections are adopted to achieve better than 20 dB isolation between output ports across the majority of a 3-19 GHz band. The first two stages are implemented on the first wafer, with the last two stages on the second wafer. This configuration significantly reduces the chip size and volume and makes the multi-section wideband divider viable for monolithic microwave integrated circuit implementation. To the authors' knowledge, this is the smallest Wilkinson power divider ever reported for such a wide bandwidth.
The Nature of Defects in Fluorine-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (2008)

Fluorine-doped titanium dioxide was prepared via sol−gel synthesis and subsequent calcination in air. The presence of fluorine in the lattice induces the formation of reduced Ti3+ centers that localize the extra electron needed for charge compensation and are observed by electron paramagnetic resonance. Density functional theory calculations using hybrid functionals are in full agreement with such description. The extra electron is highly localized in a 3d orbital of titanium and lies a few tenths of an electron volt below the bottom of the conduction band. The preparation via sol−gel synthesis using aqueous solutions of fluorides also causes the formation of surface F− ions that substitute surface hydroxyl groups (OH−) without generating reduced centers.
Flame Retardancy of Cellulose Fabrics Treated with 3-(Hydroxyphenyl Phosphinyl) Propanoic Acid (2008)

3-(Hydroxyphenyl phosphinyl) propanoic acid (HPPA) has been one of the most commonly used durable flame retardant agents for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for many years. We intended to explore the application of HPPA to cellulose fabrics as formaldehyde-free phosphorus based flame retardants (FRs) through green chemistry process. The flame retardancy of the flame-retardant treated cellulose fabrics were characterized by using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Structural changes of the treated cellulose fabrics were carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. To enhance the flame retardancy of HPPA treated cellulose fibers, glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE), a crosslinking agent was employed. Both HPPA and GPE treated cotton fabric imparted an LOI value over 26.
Continuous infusion therapy with very high purity von Willebrand factor concentrate in patients with severe von Willebrand disease (1997)

Five patients with severe (type III) von Willebrand disease received, by continuous infusion, a solvent-detergent treated von Willebrand factor high purity concentrate to control haemostasis. The clinical indications for treatment included prophylaxis prior to orthopaedic, abdominal and tympanic membrane surgery, and treatment of epistaxis and trauma-related bleeding. Plasma vWf antigen and activity were normalized sooner than factor VIII:C levels after initial bolus followed by infusion of the concentrate. Haemostasis was established in all five patients. The degree of shortening of the bleeding time correlated with concentrate infusion rate and, therefore, with administered dose of high molecular weight multimers. Concentrate clearance decreased over time with continued infusion. The product was shown to be stable and sterile at 24 h after reconstitution with no evidence of neoantigen expression. This report illustrates the effectiveness of high purity vWf concentrate administered by continuous infusion and shows that high-molecular-weight multimers are required to shorten the bleeding time to within the normal range.
Production of jet fuels from coal derived liquids (1988)

Amoco and Lummus Crest have developed seven cases for upgrading by-product liquids from the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant to jet fuels, and in several of the cases, saleable chemicals in addition to jet fuels. The analysis shows that the various grades of jet fuel can be produced from the Great Plains tar oil, but not economically. However, the phenolic and naphtha streams do have the potential to significantly increase (on the order of $10--15 million/year) the net revenues at Great Plains by producing chemicals, especially cresylic acid, cresol, and xylenol. The amount of these chemicals, which can be marketed, is a concern, but profits can be generated even when oxygenated chemical sales are limited to 10 percent of the US market. Another concern is that while commercial processes exist to extract phenolic mixtures, these processes have not been demonstrated with the Great Plains phenolic stream. 9 refs., 24 figs., 14 tabs.
[Mesenchymal stem cells. Basic science and future clinical use]. (2002)

Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from a bone marrow aspirate taken from the iliac crest of adult humans. The cells can be ex vivo expanded to large numbers and retain the ability of differentiate to cardiac, bone, adipocytes and muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells produce large numbers of growth factors that control hematopoiesis and modulate lymphocyte function. Mesenchymal stem cells are well tolerated when transplanted to humans and animals. After transplantation, the differentiation appears to be controlled by local factors in the respective tissues. When co-transplanted together with hematopoietic cells in a stem-cell transplantation setting, mesenchymal stem cells appear to enhance engraftment of the hematopoietic cells as well as reduced the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease.
Endothelial cell labeling with indium‐111‐oxine as a marker of cell attachment to bioprosthetic surfaces (1983)

Canine vascular endothelium labeled with indium-111-oxine was used as a marker of cell attachment to vascular prosthetic surfaces with complex textures. Primarily cultured and freshly harvested endothelial cells both took up the label rapidly. An average of 72% of a 32 micro Ci labeling dose was taken up by 1.5 X 10(6) cells in 10 min in serum-free medium. Over 95% of freshly labeled cells were viable by trypan blue tests and only 5% of the label was released after 1 h incubations at 37 degrees C. Labeled and unlabeled cells had similar rates of attachment to plastic dishes. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that labeled cells retained their ability to spread on tissue culture dishes even at low (1%) serum levels. Labeled endothelial cells seeded onto Dacron or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prostheses by methods used in current surgical models could be identified by autoradiography of microscopic sections of the prostheses, and the efficiency of cell attachment to the prosthesis could be measured by gamma counting. Indium-111 labeling affords a simple and rapid way to measure initial cell attachment to, and distribution on, vascular prosthetic materials. The method could also allow measurement of early cell loss from a flow surface in vivo by using external gamma imaging.
Hydrolysis of galacto-oligosaccharides in soy molasses by α -galactosidases and invertase from Aspergillus terreus (2010)

Two α -galactosidase (P1 and P2) and one invertase present in the culture of Aspergillus terreus grown on wheat straw for 168 h at 28ÂºC were partially purified by gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Optimum pH and temperatures for P1, P2 and invertase preparations were 4.5-5.0, 5.5 and 4.0 and 60, 55 and 65ÂºC, respectively. The K M app for Ï� -nitrophenyl-α -D-galactopyranoside were 1.32 mM and 0.72 mM for P1 and P2, respectively, while the K M app value for invertase, using sacarose as a substrate was 15.66 mM. Enzyme preparations P1 and P2 maintained their activities after pre-incubation for 3 h at 50ÂºC and invertase maintained about 90% after 6 h at 55 ÂºC. P1 and P2 presented different inhibition sensitivities by Ag+, D-galactose, and SDS. All enzyme preparations hydrolyzed galacto-ologosaccharides present in soymolasses.
Evaluation of Short-Term Use of N-Acetylcysteine as a Strategy for Prevention of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy: EPOCH Trial - A Prospective Randomized Study (2013)

We cannot prove that NAC prevents anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
Understanding and Improving Proximity Graph Based Maximum Inner Product Search (2020)

The inner-product navigable small world graph (ip-NSW) represents the state-of-the-art method for approximate maximum inner product search (MIPS) and it can achieve an order of magnitude speedup over the fastest baseline. However, to date it is still unclear where its exceptional performance comes from. In this paper, we show that there is a strong norm bias in the MIPS problem, which means that the large norm items are very likely to become the result of MIPS. Then we explain the good performance of ip-NSW as matching the norm bias of the MIPS problem — large norm items have big in-degrees in the ip-NSW proximity graph and a walk on the graph spends the majority of computation on these items, thus effectively avoids unnecessary computation on small norm items. Furthermore, we propose the ip-NSW+ algorithm, which improves ip-NSW by introducing an additional angular proximity graph. Search is first conducted on the angular graph to find the angular neighbors of a query and then the MIPS neighbors of these angular neighbors are used to initialize the candidate pool for search on the inner-product proximity graph. Experiment results show that ip-NSW+ consistently and significantly outperforms ip-NSW and provides more robust performance under different data distributions.
Treatment of Severe Pseudomonas Infections of the Bronchi (1970)

Experience in treating 81 patients with severe bronchial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described. For those who were desperately ill high doses of intravenous carbenicillin (18g. or more daily) were successful, even when initial carbenicillin resistance was present. For those who were less desperately ill lower doses of carbenicillin together with high doses of gentamicin (given both intramuscularly and by aerosol) comprised the treatment of choice. Gentamicin alone or colistin gave little or no benefit and cannot be recommended.
[Sub-cellular localization and overexpressing analysis of hydroxylase gene TcCYP725A22 of Taxus chinensis]. (2019)

The discovery of hydroxylases in the anticancer drug taxol biosynthesis pathway is a hotspot and difficulty in current research. In this study, a new hydroxylase gene TcCYP725A22 (GenBank accession number: MF448646.1) was used to construct a sub-cellular localization vector pCAMIBA1303-TcCYP725A22-EGFP to get the transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Laser confocal microscopy revealed that the protein encoded by this gene was localized in the cell membrane. Furthermore, the recombinant plant expression plasmid pBI121-TcCYP725A22 was constructed. After transient transformation to the Taxus chinensis mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, qRT-PCR and LC-MS were utilized to analyze the effects of TcCYP725A22 overexpression on the synthesis of taxol. The results showed that, in the TcCYP725A22 overexpressed cell line, expression levels of most defined hydroxylase genes for taxol biosynthesis were increased, and the yield of taxanes were also increased. It was concluded that the hydroxylase gene TcCYP725A22 is likely involved in the biosynthetic pathway of taxol.
Stressful life events and genetic liability to major depression: genetic control of exposure to the environment? (1997)

In women, genetic risk factors for MD increase the probability of experiencing SLEs in the interpersonal and occupational/financial domains. Genes can probably impact on the risk for psychiatric illness by causing individuals to select themselves into high risk environments.
The development of highly efficient onium‐type peptide coupling reagents based upon rational molecular design (2001)

Novel and highly efficient immonium-, pyridinium- and thiazolium-type peptide coupling reagents, such as BOMI, BDMP, BPMP, BEP, FEP, BEPH, FEPH and BEMT, were developed by rational modifying of the molecular structures of commonly used uronium-type reagents. The high efficiency of these onium salts has been evaluated and proven by model reaction tests and the successful synthesis of various oligopeptides and biologically active peptides, both in solution and in the solid-phase, for example Leu-enkephalin, the pentapeptide moiety of Dolastatin 15 and the immunosuppressive undecapeptide cyclosporin O. Based upon these results, the relationship between the molecular structure and the capability of onium-type peptide coupling reagents was studied. A preliminary guideline for the molecular design of onium-type coupling reagents was developed.
The great getaway (1994)

Summer's almost her. SO start planning your vacation with a few recently released travel discs