gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypercapnia via Reduced Rate and Tidal Volume Contributes to Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Injury (2004)

Appreciating that CO2 modifies the chemical reactivity of nitric oxide (NO)-derived inflammatory oxidants, we investigated whether hypercapnia would modulate pulmonary inflammatory responses. Rabbits (n = 72) were ventilated with approximately 7-ml/kg tidal volume for 6 hours. Animals were randomized to one of the following conditions: eucapnia (Pa(CO2) at approximately 35-40 mm Hg), eucapnia + lipopolysaccharide (LPS), eucapnia + LPS + inhaled NO (iNO delivered at approximately 20 ppm), hypercapnia (Pa(CO2) at approximately 60 mm Hg), hypercapnia + LPS, and hypercapnia + LPS + iNO. The hypercapnia + LPS groups compared with groups exposed to eucapnia + LPS displayed significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations (p < 0.05), lung wet-to-dry ratios (p < 0.05), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts (p < 0.05), and lung histologic alterations consistent with greater injury. Furthermore, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (p < 0.05), tissue myeloperoxidase content (p < 0.05), and formation of lung protein 3-nitrotyrosine derivatives (p < 0.05) was greatest under conditions of hypercapnia + LPS. Groups exposed to hypercapnic conditions without LPS did not manifest these changes. The inhalation of iNO attenuated selected indices of lung injury. We conclude that hypercapnia induced by means of reduced rate and tidal volume amplifies pulmonary inflammatory responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoplatinum‐Mediated Synthesis of Cyclic π‐Conjugated Molecules: Towards a New Era of Three‐Dimensional Aromatic Compounds (2014)

Abstract Review: [62 refs.
Molecular Dynamics of Polymer Chains and Alkyl Groups in Solution (1980)

For carbons possessing a directly bonded proton, the carbon-13 spin lattice relaxation time, T1, spin-spin relaxation time, T2, and the nuclear Overhauser enhancement, NOE, comprise a set of parameters which characterize molecular motions. In the case of simple isotropic motion, the dependence is in terms of a single correlation time characterizing the exponential decay of the auto-correlation function. However, in many instances, the assumption of isotropic motion is not valid. For rigid systems, the relaxation behavior can then often be predicted by assuming simple anisotropic motion (1). Often, superposition of two or more independent motions must be used to satisfactorily interpret observed relaxation behavior (1,2) . Recently, however, the widespread availability of 13C nmr instruments, has led to a number of examples where these models have proved unsatisfactory. Deviations from predicted relaxation behavior have been observed for large proteins (3-7) , polymers (8,9) and highly associated small molecules (10). Particularly
White Light from an Indium Zinc Oxide/Porous Silicon Light-Emitting Diode (2008)

Stable white light electroluminescence from a light-emitting diode fabricated from porous silicon with a transparent indium zinc oxide (IZO) top contact layer is presented. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that IZO deposition on porous silicon causes the formation of an amorphous interfacial layer, possibly the source of the additional blue light needed to convert the normally red/green electroluminescence to white. Although the exact cause of the blue emissions has not been identified, a number of possibilities are postulated. An alternative explanation based on junction breakdown is also discussed.
Preparation of functional monoclonal antibodies against human liver cancer stem cells (2010)

Objective:To prepare functional monoclonal antibodies(McAbs) against liver cancer stem cells, so as to provide candidate antibody drugs for stem cell-targeted therapy of liver cancer. Methods: Human liver cancer stem-like cells (hLCSLCs) were separated from human hepatocarcinoma tissues and were used to immunize BALB/c nude mice. Spleen cells from hLCSLCs-immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 cells to prepare large monoclonal antibody library. Hybridoma McAbs recognizing hLCSLCs were screened and identified by immunofluorescence, sphere formation culture and in vivo tumor formation assays. hLCSLCs side population cells (hLCSLCs-SP) were sorted by flow cytometry. The effects of hybridoma McAbs on self-renewal and proliferation of hLCSLCs-SP were identified by serum-free suspension culture and CCK-8 assay. Results: A total of 2 964 McAb clones were obtained by fusing immunized spleen cells with SP2/0 cells, and 237 McAbs could interact with hLCSLCs as detected by fixed-cell immunofluorescence; 116 of the 237 McAbs interacted with the membrane of hLCSLCs, and 33 McAbs specifically reacted with hLCSLCs-SP but not with non-hLCSLCs-SP, with positive rates being 2%-5%. Six of the 33 McAbs co-stained with CD133 on hLCSLCs-SP. Further investigation showed that the positive rates of these 6 McAbs were 3%-26% with sphere cells after serum-free suspension culture, which were significantly higher than those with hLCSLCs-SP. Tumor formation rate was 100% when 1×104 hybridoma clone 15D2-positive hLCSLCs were injected into nude mice. Functional study showed that 4 of these 6 McAbs significantly suppressed the proliferation and sphere formation ability of hLCSLCs-SP, with the inhibitory rates being 24%-42% and 13%-50%, respectively. Conclusion: We have successfully constructed the large McAb library against hLCSLCs, from which 4 hybridoma McAbs can specifically react with hLCSLCs-SP, laying a foundation for cancer stem cell-based antibody-targeted therapy for liver cancer.
Experimentation with the PRESERVE VSS and the Score@F System (2016)

Security and privacy enhancing technologies are an essential feature for the intelligent transportation system (ITS) deployment. As security system introduces generally an overhead, the test and evaluation of a defined security solution is as important as its design. In this context, the PRESERVE project aims to design, implement and test a secure and scalable security system for ITS. In this paper, the authors focus on the PRESERVE security tests and precisely the joint trial tests with the French Score@F FOT. The authors present the test cases of PRESERVE VSS integrated with Score@F FOT system and evaluated performance indicators. This will be the first paper describing PRESERVE test cases and Score@F platforms integrating security solution.
The solar magnetic field and the solar wind: Existence of preferred longitudes (2000)

Direct measurements of the solar wind speed and the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field acquired over more than three solar cycles are used to search for signatures of a persistent dependence of solar wind properties on solar longitude. Two methods of analysis are used. One finds the rotation period that maximizes the amplitude of longitudinal variations of both interplanetary and near‐Earth data mapped to the Sun. The other is based on power spectra of near‐Earth and near‐Venus data. The two methods give the same result. Preferred‐longitude effects are found for a synodic solar rotation period of 27.03 ± 0.02 days. Such high precision is attained by using several hundred thousand hourly averages of the solar wind speed and magnetic field. The 27.03‐day periodicity is dominant only over long periods of time; other periodicities are often more prominent for shorter intervals such as a single solar cycle or less. The 27.03‐day signal is stronger and more consistent in the magnetic field than in the solar wind speed and is stronger for intervals of high and declining solar activity than for intervals of low or rising activity. On average, solar magnetic field lines in the ecliptic plane point outward on one side of the Sun and inward on the other, reversing direction approximately every 11 years while maintaining the same phase. The data are consistent with a model in which the solar magnetic dipole returns to the same longitude after each reversal.
Monte Carlo studies of the long-time dynamics of dense polymer systems. The failure of the reptation model (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMonte Carlo studies of the long-time dynamics of dense polymer systems. The failure of the reptation modelJeffrey Skolnick, Andrzej Kolinski, and Robert YarisCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 9, 350–356Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00141a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00141a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of Clinical-Type Dextran (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of Clinical-Type DextranI. A. Wolff, R. L. Mellies, R. L. Lohmar, N. N. Hellman, S. P. Rogovin, P. R. Watson, J. W. Sloan, B. T. Hofreiter, B. E. Fisher, and C. R. RistCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 12, 2605–2610Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50540a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50540a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Precision molding of plastic connectors directly on single-mode fibers (2002)

A pre-connectorization technique using transfer molding of MT-compatible ferrules directly on single-mode optical fibers is reported. Insertion loss values of less than 1 dB are achieved for 85% of all measured fiber channels. The method is expected to provide a cost reduction of approximately 50%, compared to conventional termination techniques, which makes it an attractive solution for Fiber-to-the-Home field installations and other access applications where moderate performance can be accepted.
Abyssomicin C—A Polycyclic Antibiotic from a Marine <i>Verrucosispora</i> Strain as an Inhibitor of the <i>p</i> ‐Aminobenzoic Acid/Tetrahydrofolate Biosynthesis Pathway (2004)

Plumbing the depths: Abyssomicin C (structure shown) from ocean floor sediment is a novel antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis steps between chorismate and p-aminobenzoic acid. Its activity may be explained by the irreversible trapping of the targeted enzymes by a Michael addition. Blocking the biosynthesis of p-aminobenzoic acid may be one approach to developing new antibiotics.
MAPK Signal Transduction Underlying Brain Inflammation and Gliosis as Therapeutic Target (2009)

A majority, if not all, acute and progressive neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by local microglia-mediated inflammation, astrogliosis, infiltration of immune cells, and activation of the adaptive immunity. These processes progress by the expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, proteases, and other inflammation mediators. In response to brain injury or infection, intracellular signaling pathways are activated in microglia, which turn on inflammatory and antigen-presenting cell functions. Different extrinsic signals shape microglial activation toward neuroprotective or neurotoxic phenotype under pathological conditions. This review discusses recent advances regarding molecular mechanisms of inflammatory signal transduction in neurological disorders and in in vitro models of inflammation/gliosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases responsible for most cellular responses to cytokines and external stress signals and crucial for regulation of the production of inflammation mediators. Increased activity of MAPKs in activated microglia and astrocytes, and their regulatory role in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines mediators, make them potential targets for novel therapeutics. MAPK inhibitors emerge as attractive anti-inflammatory drugs, because they are capable of reducing both the synthesis of inflammation mediators at multiple levels and are effective in blocking inflammatory cytokine signaling. Small molecule inhibitors targeting of p38 MAPK and JNK pathways have been developed and offer a great potential as potent modulators of brain inflammation and gliosis in neurological disorders, where cytokine overproduction contributes to disease progression. Many of the pharmacological MAPK inhibitors can be administered orally and initial results show therapeutic benefits in preclinical animal models.
Microstructures and Properties of Three Composites of Alumina, Mullite, and Monoclinic SrAl <sub>2</sub> Si <sub>2</sub> O <sub>8</sub> (2000)

Three composites that were 96% alumina were mixed and uniaxially dry‐pressed into bars and pellets; all had monoclinic SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 as an intergranular phase. The diffraction patterns, microstructure, density, dielectric properties, strength, and toughness were measured. The first composition, which contained crystalline SrCO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 , in a 1:1:2 molar ratio, as the 4% component, densified but was generally inferior to the second and third compositions, which contained strontium aluminosilicate (SrAl x Si y O z , SAS) glass as the 4% component, in terms of mechanical properties, defects, and monoclinic SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 transformation. The second composition, which lacked B 2 O 3 , was very tough and was comparable to commercial alumina, in terms of the dielectric constant. The third, which contained 0.068% of B 2 O 3 that was dissolved in the SAS glass as a sintering aid, had high strength and toughness and no macroscopically visible defects. Mullite formed, in addition to monoclinic SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 in all three composites. Alumina–monoclinic SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 composites of the third composition had room‐temperature properties that were comparable to commercial aluminas that contained 96% alumina and also had potential for mechanical and refractory applications.
Solid-State NMR Spectra and Long Intradimer Bonds in the π-[TCNE]<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup> Dianion (2006)

The principal (13)C chemical-shift values for the pi-[TCNE](2)(2-) dimer anion within an array of counterions have been measured to understand better the electronic structure of these atypical chemical species in several related TCNE-based structures. The structure of pi-[TCNE](2)(2-) is unusual as it contains two very long C-C bond lengths (ca. 2.9 Angstroms) between the two monomeric units and has been found to exist as a singlet state, suggestive of a (1)A(1g) (b(2u)(2)b(1g)(0)) electronic configuration. A systematic study of several oxidation states of [TCNE](n) (n = 0, 1-, 2-) was conducted to determine how the NMR chemical-shift tensor values change as a function of electronic structure and to understand the interactions that lead to spin-pairing of the monomer units. The density functional theory (DFT) calculated nuclear shielding tensors are correlated with the experimentally determined principal chemical-shift values. Such theoretical methods provide information on the tensor magnitudes and orientations of their principal tensor components with respect to the molecular frame. Both theoretical and experimental ethylenic chemical-shielding tensors reveal high sensitivity in the component, delta(perpendicular), lying in the monomer molecular plane and perpendicular to the pi-electron plane. This largest shift dependence on charge density is observed to be about -111 ppm/e(-) for delta(perpendicular). The component in the molecular plane but parallel to the central C=C bond, delta(parallel), exhibits a sensitivity of approximately -43 ppm/e(-). However, the out-of-plane component delta'(perpendicular) shows a minimal dependence of -2.6 ppm/e(-) on the oxidation state (n) of [TCNE](n). These relative values support the claim that it is changes within the ethylenic pi-electrons and not the sigma-electrons that best account for the dramatic variations in bonding and shift tensors in this series of compounds. Concerning the intraion bonding, relatively weak Wiberg bond orders between the two monomeric components of the dimer correlate with the long bonds linking the two [TCNE(*)](-) monomers. The chemical-shift tensors for the cyano group, compared to the ethylene shifts, exhibit a reduced sensitivity on the TCNE oxidation state. The experimental principal chemical-shift components agree (within typical errors) with the calculated quantum mechanical shieldings used to correlate the bonding. The embedded ion model (EIM) was used to investigate the typically large electrostatic lattice potential in these ionic materials. Chemical-shielding principal values calculated with the EIM model differ from experiment by +/-3.82 ppm on average, whereas in the absence of an electrostatic field model, the experimental and theoretical results agree by +/-4.42 ppm, which is only a modest increase in error considering the overall ionic magnitudes associated with the tensor variations. Apparently, the effects of the sizable long-range electrostatic fields cancel when the shifts are computed because of lattice symmetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of Xanthocorrinoids. Part 5. Formation of trans‐Diol Derivatives of 5,6‐Dihydrocobyrinic Acid from Xanthocorrinoids Under Acidic Conditions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The amorphous phase in high‐speed spun PET fibers (1993)

Abstract Two phenomenogical descriptions of oriented semicrystalline polymers, the series‐parallel model and the series‐aggregate model, were applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers obtained at different spinning speeds. The mechanical behavior of the fibers conformed well to both models. The analyses indicate that PET fibers obtained by high‐speed spinning possess a more compliant interfibrillar amorphous phase. This feature may account for both the greater dimensional stability, as well as the more reversible mechanical behavior, exhibited by high‐speed spun PET. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Busulfan disposition below the age of three: alteration in children with lysosomal storage disease (1993)

Busulfan disposition is age-dependent with a higher clearance and a larger volume of distribution in children than in adults. The optimal dosage of busulfan needed to achieve bone marrow (BM) displacement in young children with malignant or nonmalignant disease remains to be defined. Using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay, we evaluated plasma pharmacokinetics of busulfan in 33 children (median age, 9 months; range, 2 months to 2.75 years) with immune deficiencies, lysosomal storage diseases, acute leukemias, and malignant lymphohistiocytosis after an oral dose ranging from 0.9 to 2.6 mg/kg. The busulfan clearance (assuming a bioavailability of 1) ranged from 2.1 to 13.4 mL/min/kg with a mean of 6.8 mL/min/kg, which is higher than that reported in older children (4.5 mL/min/kg) and adults (2.9 mL/min/kg). Six children with lysosomal storage disease (5 with Hurler's disease, 1 with San Filippo's disease) had a prolonged elimination half-life (4.9 v 2.4 hours), a larger volume of distribution (3.4 v 1.2 L/kg) and a faster clearance (8.7 v 6.3 mL/min/kg) than the other 27 children. This suggests that a higher dose of busulfan will be required to achieve BM displacement in children with lysosomal storage disease. Over the dose range of 0.9 to 2.6 mg/kg, busulfan pharmacokinetics were linear. However, only 46% of the interpatient variation in systemic exposure could be ascribed to the dose. Given the wide interpatient variability in busulfan disposition, dose adjustment and drug monitoring will be needed to achieve the optimal dosage of busulfan in young children. The plasma busulfan levels required to achieve BM displacement need to be defined, especially in lysosomal storage diseases.
Mechanism-based inactivation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase by leukotriene A4. Mass spectrometric and kinetic characterization (1992)

"Suicide" inactivation of leukotriene (LT) A4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase occurs via an irreversible mechanism-based process which is saturable, of pseudo firstorder, and dependent upon catalysis. Data obtained with either recombinant enzyme or enzyme purified from human leukocytes were similar. Apparent binding constants and inactivation rate constants are equivalent, compatible with a single type of substrate-enzyme complex which partitions between two fates, turnover and inactivation. Both catalytic functions are inactivated, consistent with an overlapping active site for this bifunctional enzyme. The partition ratio (turnover/inactivation) for the LTA4-enzyme complex is 129 +/- 16 for LTA4 hydrolase activity and 124 +/- 10 for aminopeptidase activity. The pH dependence for turnover and inactivation are indistinguishable with a maximum at pH 8. L-Proline p-nitroanilide, a weak substrate with a high Km for the aminopeptidase affords only partial protection against inactivation by LTA4. However, two potent competitive inhibitors, bestatin and captopril, protect both catalytic processes from inactivation, consistent with an active-site specificity for the suicide event. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry indicates that the molecular weight of pure recombinant enzyme is 69,399 +/- 4 and that covalent modification accompanies catalysis, producing an LTA4:enzyme adduct with a molecular weight 69,717 +/- 4 and a 1:1 stoichiometry. In agreement with kinetic data, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry shows that bestatin inhibits the covalent modification of enzyme by LTA4 and that the extent of modification is proportional to the loss of enzymatic activity.