gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> ORS571 Colonizes the Xylem of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2001)

Improved conditions were used for the aseptic growth of Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate whether xylem colonization of A. thaliana by Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 might occur. When seedlings were inoculated with ORS571 (pXLGD4) tagged with the lacZ reporter gene, nearly all of the plants showed blue regions of ORS571 colonization at lateral root cracks (LRC). The flavonoids naringenin and liquiritigenin significantly stimulated colonization of LRC by ORS571. Blue bands of ORS571 (pXLGD4) bacteria were observed histochemically in the xylem of intact roots of inoculated plants. Detailed microscopic analysis of sections of primary and lateral roots from inoculated A. thaliana confirmed xylem colonization. Xylem colonization also occurred with an ORS571 nodC mutant deficient in nodulation factors. There was no significant difference in the percentage of plants with xylem colonization or in the mean length of xylem colonized per plant between plants inoculated with either ORS571 (pXLGD4) or ORS571::nodC (pXLGD4), with or without naringenin.
Robust High-Speed Positioning Servo System Based on Disturbance Observer (2009)

A robust servo system is important for the performance improvement of motion control systems in several industrial applications. An ideal position servo system should accelerate the rotor to its rated speed by applying maximum acceleration torque, and it should decelerate the rotor by applying the maximum deceleration torque. The position servo system should stop at the target position without overshoot.When the position reference profile of the conventional position servo system is not ideal, there are two problems in achieving the ideal high-speed positioning response. One is the windup phenomenon caused by the saturation of the PI speed regulator. The other problem is the slow deceleration response near the target position that is due to the error input of the position servo system becoming small.In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new robust high-speed positioning servo system based on a disturbance observer. The proposed system corrects the integrator value of the PI speed regulator by using the torque current reference estimated by the disturbance observer. The experimental results show that the proposed robust high-speed positioning servo system has a quick and stable position response.
Integrated gas-fired desiccant dehumidification vapor-compression cooling system for residential application. Phase 2. Final report, December 1987-December 1988 (1989)

Field tests of a residential liquid-desiccant dehumidifier are described. From analysis done in Phase I of this program, a gas-fired boiler for regenerating the desiccant was selected with a one-ton capacity dehumidifier. Three field-experiment units were built. One was installed at a test house in Gaithersburg, Maryland owned by GEOMET Technologies. The second was installed in Atlanta, Georgia, supported by the Atlanta Gas Light Company. The third unit was shipped to Lone Star Gas Company, Forth Worth, Texas, to be installed in 1989. Once startup problems were corrected, the units ran reliably, controlling indoor humidity accurately. The seasonal COP for the Gaithersburg installation was 0.58; for Atlanta the COP was 0.50. By extending the operating periods (typically 5 minutes in these tests), the COP should increase. A manufacturing cost study of the residential dehumidifier showed that a factory cost of $553.62/unit is achieved at 50,000 units/year volume.
Persistence and Movement of Perfluidone in Soil (1975)

Perfluidone (1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-methanesulfonamide) was chemically stable for 2 to 3 weeks on the surface of three Texas soils either air dry or at field capacity and at temperatures of 22 and 46 C. Perfluidone was susceptible to photodecomposition when applied to glass petri dishes and exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. Perfluidone was readily leached through neutral or slightly alkaline soils, with a tendency toward greater downward movement in soils having low clay and organic matter content. However, leaching was less in an acid loamy sand than in either neutral loamy sand or clay soils.
Structural Changes in the Peptide Backbone in Complex Formation between Activated Rhodopsin and Transducin Studied by FTIR Spectroscopy (1996)

Structural changes in the complex formation between transducin and metarhodopsin II, the activated form of photolyzed rhodopsin, in visual transduction processes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectrum of the complex was obtained by subtracting the contribution of metarhodopsin I and uncomplexed metarhodopsin II. The averaged spectrum upon the complex formation was then compared with that in the conversion of rhodopsin-to-metarhodopsin II. Frequency shifts of the peptide carbonyl vibrations at 1686, 1674, and 1661 cm-1 to 1640 cm-1 were observed upon complex formation from metarhodopsin II plus transducin. These changes must have resulted from the strengthening of H-bonding of one or a few peptide groups but is not ascribable to global conformation change. Changes in the frequencies of the peptide amides were also detected. With regard to intramembrane carboxylic acid residues, no further changes were noticed in the carboxyl vibrations of Asp83, Glu122, and Glu113. Only a small change possibly due to Glu134 was detected.
A Small Molecule, Which Competes with MAdCAM-1, Activates Integrin α4β7 and Fails to Prevent Mucosal Transmission of SHIV-SF162P3 (2016)

Mucosal HIV-1 transmission is inefficient. However, certain viral and host characteristics may play a role in facilitating HIV acquisition and systemic expansion. Cells expressing high levels of integrin α4β7 have been implicated in favoring the transmission process and the infusion of an anti-α4β7 mAb (RM-Act-1) prior to, and during a repeated low-dose vaginal challenge (RLDC) regimen with SIVmac251 reduced SIV acquisition and protected the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in the macaques that acquired SIV. α4β7 expression is required for lymphocyte trafficking to the gut lamina propria and gut inductive sites. Several therapeutic strategies that target α4β7 have been shown to be effective in treating inflammatory conditions of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To determine if blocking α4β7 with ELN, an orally available anti-α4 small molecule, would inhibit SHIV-SF162P3 acquisition, we tested its ability to block MAdCAM-1 (α4β7 natural ligand) and HIV-gp120 binding in vitro. We studied the pharmacokinetic profile of ELN after oral and vaginal delivery in macaques. Twenty-six macaques were divided into 3 groups: 9 animals were treated with ELN orally, 9 orally and vaginally and 8 were used as controls. All animals were challenged intra-vaginally with SHIV-SF162P3 using the RLDC regimen. We found that ELN did not protect macaques from SHIV acquisition although it reduced the SHIV-induced inflammatory status during the acute phase of infection. Notably, integrins can exist in different activation states and, comparing the effect of ELN and the anti-α4β7 mAb RM-Act-1 that reduced susceptibility to SIV infection, we determined that ELN induces the active conformation of α4β7, while RM-Act-1 inhibits its activation through an allosteric mechanism. These results suggest that inhibition of α4β7 activation may be necessary to reduce susceptibility to SIV/SHIV infection and highlight the complexity of anti-integrins therapeutic approach in HIV as well as in IBD and other autoimmune diseases.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Targeting of Antitumor Drugs: Simulation Analysis Based on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Considerations (1996)

Antitumor drugs can be classified into two groups; cell cycle phase nonspecific (type I) and specific (type II) drugs. The cytotoxic activity of type I drugs depends on the time-concentration product (AUC), whereas that of type II drugs is time-dependent. Therefore, not only the AUC in the target organ, but also the exposure time is an important factor for evaluating the efficiency of any delivery system for antitumor drugs. In the present study, we examined the factors governing the cytotoxicity of drugs in tumors based on a hybrid perfusion model. It is suggested that the increase in tumor tissue binding of drug results in an increased unbound drug mean residence time (MRTT,U), leading to the increased activity of type II drugs. In contrast, the cytotoxic activity of type I drugs is unaffected by the alteration in the tissue binding since the intracellular AUC defined for unbound drugs (AUCT,U) is unaffected by the extent of drug binding. We also found that the symmetrical increase in the permeability-surface area products (PS) for drug influx (PSinf) and efflux (PSeff) across the tumor plasma membrane results in the unaltered and reduced antitumor activity for the type I and type II drugs, respectively, due to the unaltered AUCT,U and to the reduced MRTT,U. The kinetic analysis suggests that the increase in PSinf/PSeff ratio results in the increased cytotoxic activity of both type I and type II drugs. Collectively, optimization of the antitumor activity can be attained by increasing the tissue binding for type II drugs and by increasing PSinf and/or by decreasing PSeff type I and type II drugs. The present simulation study was carried out by considering the pharmacodynamic features of antitumor drugs and was a method of predicting how the antitumor activity may change on altering each process (tissue binding and membrane permeability for the influx and efflux processes) which governs the characteristics of drug distribution to tumors.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Expression during Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: Evidence for Mechanotransduction; Lawrence Tong, M.D., Steven R. Buchman, M.D., Michael A. Ignelzi, Jr., D.D.S., Ph.D., Samuel Rhee, M.D. and Steven A. Goldstein, Ph.D. (2003)

Received for publication March 8, 2002. Tahsin Oğuz Acartürk, M.D. University of Pittsburgh Division of Plastic and Reconstive Surgery 6B Scaife Hall Pittsburgh, Pa. 15261 [email protected]
Developing a Two-Stage Rotary Compressor for CO2 Heat Pump Systems with Refrigerant Injection (2008)

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has been the focus of global attention. As an alternative refrigerant to HFC, CO2 has been considered. As another promising possibility of energy conservation, use of heat pump systems has also been spreading. However, conventional heat pump systems have problems remaining, such as inadequate heating capacity or overheating of the compressor due to reduced performance under ambient low temperature condition. To solve these problems, the authors developed a two-stage rotary compressor for CO2 heat pump systems, examined the effects of the injection into an intermediate pressure connector under the condition of a high pressure ratio and offered the proof of its high efficiency. They also examined the unique performance characteristics of the two-stage rotary compressor by its loss analysis. They clarified the merits of the two-stage rotary compressor's performance compared to those of a single-stage rotary compressor.
Lack of effect of hyperoxia on photodynamic therapy and lipid peroxidation in three different cancer cell lines. (2005)

These data indicate that a normoxic environment is sufficient to produce the optimal effect of PDT.
The diversity of TPMs and its effects on development (2010)

Broad adoption of secure programming primitives such as the TPM can be hurt by programmer confusion regarding the nature and representation of failures when using a primitive. Conversely, a clear understanding of the primitive's failure modes is essential for both debugging and reducing the attack surface in the mechanisms built on it. In particular, differences in error processing and reporting logic significantly detract from such understanding.
Synthesis of 2- and 3-oxo-5-endo-(2-imidazolyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2- and 3-oxo-5-endo-(2-imidazolyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octaneArthur Franklin Wagner, Paul E. Wittreich, Byron H. Arison, and Lewis H. SarettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 18, 2609–2611Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00817a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00817a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low‐Latitude Whistler‐Wave Spectra and Polarization From VEFI and CINDI Payloads on C/NOFS Satellite (2019)

Abstract The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite's VEFI payload performed frequent recordings of the vector electric field in the band 0–16 kHz during the epoch 2008–2014. The Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) was supported by ion‐composition data from the Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI) instrument. We focus here on statistics of these “burst‐mode” recordings, of which 6,890 (mostly ~12‐s duration) records meet stringent quality‐control criteria, allowing inference of the wave vector k and its orientation relative to the Earth's magnetic field B 0 . The 6,890 records occur between ±13° (geographic) latitude and between ~ 400‐ and 850‐km altitude, mostly in the topside ionosphere. The wave activity is dominated by terrestrial lightning. We analyze the whistler‐wave intensity and polarization for each pixel in the time‐frequency spectrogram for each record. We then gather weighted statistics on wave polarization, naturally weighted by wave intensity. In this manner we arrive at statistical results that represent the bulk of the energy flow due to whistler waves. Despite rather nonstationary statistics, we can reach three empirical results. We see no evidence of a low‐latitude suppression of whistler‐wave activity, in contrast to the predictions of models of transmission through a laminar ionosphere. The wave vector polar angle is always in the range 40° to 90° from parallel to B 0 . This indicates that the propagation at low latitudes is dominated by oblique, not ducted, whistlers. At the lowest magnetic latitudes, the wave vector polar angle with respect to B 0 becomes nearly 90°.
Measurement of the Cooling Efficiency of Pavement-watering as an Urban Heat Island Mitigation Technique (2015)

International audience
The Electrocatalytic Performance of Silver in the Reductive Dehalogenation of Bromophenols (2001)

The remarkable electrocatalytic properties of silver for organic halide reduction have been applied to obtain quantitative direct dehalogenation of mono and polyphenols in acetonitrile and in water/acetonitrile 1:1 mixed solvent. Structure effects on the reaction pathways observed by electrolysis monitoring are discussed with the support of systematic cyclovoltammetric experiments on silver, mercury, and glassy carbon. The process, environmentally friendly as based on a nontoxic electrocatalytic material, also appears highly competitive on account of its mildness of operating conditions, selectivity, and current efficiency. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Flame surface statistics of constant-pressure turbulent expanding premixed flames (2014)

In this paper we investigate the local flame surface statistics of constant-pressure turbulent expanding flames. First the statistics of local length ratio is experimentally determined from high-speed planar Mie scattering images of spherically expanding flames, with the length ratio on the measurement plane, at predefined equiangular sectors, defined as the ratio of the actual flame length to the length of a circular-arc of radius equal to the average radius of the flame. Assuming isotropic distribution of such flame segments we then convolute suitable forms of the length-ratio probability distribution functions (pdfs) to arrive at the corresponding area-ratio pdfs. It is found that both the length ratio and area ratio pdfs are near log-normally distributed and shows self-similar behavior with increasing radius. Near log-normality and rather intermittent behavior of the flame-length ratio suggests similarity with dissipation rate quantities which stimulates multifractal analysis.
Prospective Investigation of a Large Outbreak of Meningitis Due to Echovirus 30 During Summer 2000 in Marseilles, France (2004)

Enteroviruses (EVs) are responsible for an array of clinical diseases affecting different systems of the organism. Many cases are asymptomatic; the most severe clinical syndromes caused by EVs are due to infection of the central nervous system and present as aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. We report here a large outbreak of enteroviral meningitis that spread in Marseilles, France, during the year 2000. The dominant strain of the outbreak was genetically identified as a human echovirus 30. The study was conducted prospectively from May to December 2000, with an investigative protocol recording epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. A total of 250 patients with febrile neurologic manifestations were included between May 15 and December 30, 2000. A total of 195 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, 114 throat swabs, and 85 stool specimens were processed through viral culture and resulted in respectively 117 (60%), 61 (54%), and 58 (68%) cultures positive for EV; 69/106 (65%) CSF samples tested positive for the presence of EV RNA. None of the throat swab cultures but 5 of the stool cultures in control patients were positive. One hundred thirty-nine (55.6%) patients were considered confirmed cases because they had positive culture or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in CSF, and 38 (15.2%) patients were considered probable cases because they had a positive throat and/or stool culture and a negative (or not performed) procedure in CSF. The 177 confirmed and probable cases were not significantly different from the remaining 73 patients in terms of age distribution and epidemiologic, clinical, and biologic characteristics. The median age was 18.4 years (range, 15 d to 84 yr), and 92% of patients were younger than 40 years old. The male:female sex ratio was 1.8:1. We found no evidence of cases spread in nosocomial, household, or institutional settings, or limited community spread. All patients were immunocompetent except 4 adults. Meningoencephalitis represented 5.6% of cases. All but 3 of the 177 patients had a good outcome without sequelae. Two immunocompetent adults with meningoencephalitis had neurologic sequelae and an immunosuppressed adult had a fatal outcome. Upper respiratory symptoms were noted in 18.5% of patients, diarrhea in 11.5%, various types of rash in 4.5%, and myalgia in 3.8%. In CSF, white cell count was elevated in 90% of cases, with a percentage of neutrophils >50% in 55% of cases. Protein level was increased in 43% of cases. In blood, C-reactive protein was elevated in 67% of cases. Other blood parameters were unremarkable. Clinical and laboratory features did not differ from those related to other pathogens that caused meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Hence, unnecessary treatment for other infections is frequently instituted during EV infections. Virologic diagnosis is important to distinguish between EV and other treatable bacterial and viral diseases.
Is Buffer Cache Still Effective for High Speed PCM (Phase Change Memory) Storage? (2011)

Recently, PCM (phase change memory) emerges as a new storage media and there is a bright prospect that PCM will be used as a storage device in the near future. Since the optimistic access time of PCM is expected to be almost identical to that of DRAM, we can make a question that the traditional buffer cache will be still effective for high speed secondary storage such as PCM. This paper answers it by showing that the buffer cache is still effective in such environments due to the software overhead and the bimodal block reference characteristics. Based on this observation, we present a new buffer cache management scheme appropriately for the system where the speed gap between the cache and storage is small. To this end, we analyze the condition that caching gains and find the characteristics of I/O traces that can be exploited in managing buffer cache for PCM-storage.
Trust Engineering via Security Protocols (2012)

Security protocols form a central part of the trust infrastructure of the online world. They allow principals to make decisions that authorize or prohibit actions of other principals, and to make those decisions based on information gathered from other principals. In this invited talk at Socio-Technical Aspects in Security and Trust 2012 (STAST), a view of protocol design that can serve as a trust infrastructure is described. “Trust engineering” is a process leading to protocols that reflect participants' concerns for authentication, confidentiality, controlling commitments, and repudiability or its opposite.
RADIOLOGIC STUDIES OF TUMOR LOCALIZATION OF ADRENAL DISEASES IN THE PAST 10 YEARS (1965 to 1974) (1975)

Forty cases of adrenal diseases, including 20 cases of primary aldosteronism, 8 cases of Cushing's syndrome, 7 cases of adrenogenital syndrome, and 5 cases of pheochromocytoma, have been treated in our department during the past 10 years until the end of 1974.In order to localize adrenal tumors, some combination of retroperitoneal pneumography, tomography, adrenal venography, radioisotope photoscanning and abdominal aortography was used.The results obtained were as follows:1. Using retroperitoneal pneumography combined with tomography, 22 of 30 cases (primary aldosteronism, 18 cases; Cushing's syndrome, 7 cases; adrenogenital syndrome, 3 cases; pheochromocytoma, 2 cases) were diagnosed correctly (73% accuracy).2. Adrenal venography showed a tumor lesion in 15 of 18 cases (primary aldosteronism, 11 cases; Cushing's syndrome, 5 cases; adrenogenital syndrome, 2 cases).3. Radioisotope photoscanning, using 131I-19-iodocholesterol, of the adrenal and abdominal aortography revealed a tumor contour in all of the 5 cases (primary aldosteronism, 4 cases; Cushing's syndrome, 1 case) and in all of the 3 cases performed (pheochromocytoma, 3 cases). The radioisotope scanning was most useful in localizing adrenal cortex tumors.
Complications of Laser Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study (2008)

Percutaneous LA may be considered a safe treatment for small HCCs.