gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the Deferoxamine Infusion Test in the Diagnosis of Aluminum-Related Osteodystrophy (1984)

The accumulation of aluminum in bone can cause disabling osteodystrophy in patients with renal failure. Because the chelating agent deferoxamine can mobilize aluminum from tissues, we evaluated the effect of a standard intravenous dose of deferoxamine on plasma aluminum concentrations in 54 patients on hemodialysis. Stainable bone aluminum, bone histologic findings, and bone aluminum content were studied. Baseline plasma aluminum concentrations of greater than 200 micrograms/L were associated with aluminum-related osteodystrophy (specificity, 93%), but concentrations of less than 200 micrograms/L did not exclude the diagnosis (sensitivity, 43%). After administration of deferoxamine, the increase in plasma aluminum concentration was 534 +/- 260 (SD) and 214 +/- 92 micrograms/L in patients with and without aluminum-related bone disease, respectively (p less than 0.001), and correlated with the bone aluminum content (r = 0.64). An increment in plasma aluminum concentration of greater than 200 micrograms/L identified 35 of the 37 patients with aluminum-related osteodystrophy; sensitivity was 94% and specificity, 50%. The deferoxamine infusion test is noninvasive, well tolerated, and of value particularly in excluding the diagnosis of aluminum-related osteodystrophy.
<i>Thermus thermophilus</i> Glycosynthases for the Efficient Synthesis of Galactosyl and Glucosyl β‐(1→3)<i>‐</i>Glycosides (2005)

Abstract Inverting mutant glycosynthases were designed according to the Withers strategy, starting from wild‐type Thermus thermophilus retaining Tt‐β‐Gly glycosidase. Directed mutagenesis of catalytic nucleophile glutamate 338 by alanine, serine, and glycine afforded the E338A, E338S, and E338G mutant enzymes, respectively. As was to be expected, the mutants were unable to catalyze the hydrolysis of the transglycosidation products. In agreement with previous results, the E338S and E338G catalysts were much more efficient than E338A. Moreover, our results showed that these enzymes were inactive in the hydrolysis of the α‐ D ‐glycopyranosyl fluorides used as donors, and so suitable experimental conditions, under which the rate of spontaneous hydrolysis of the donor was considerably lower than that of enzymatic transglycosidation, provided galactosyl and glucosyl β‐(1→3) ‐ glycosides in yields of up to 90 %. The structure of native Tt‐β‐Gly available in the Protein Data Bank offers a good basis for interpretation of our results by means of molecular modeling. Thus, in the case of the E338S mutant, a lower energy of the system was obtained when the donor and the acceptor were in the right position to form the β‐(1→3) ‐ glycosidic bond. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Combined Approach for High-Resolution Corrosion Monitoring and Temperature Compensation Using Ultrasound (2010)

A novel approach for combined corrosion monitoring and temperature compensation (CMTC) using permanently installed immersion ultrasound probes with a well-defined standoff is presented. Combining subsample delay estimation with knowledge of how the sound speed in the immersion fluid and the steel varies with temperature enables us to simultaneously estimate the temperature variations and the changes in wall thickness using a linearized maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE). The results show that submicrometer changes in the wall thickness are detected and that the corrosion rates are predicted in good accordance with theory, also in the presence of temperature variations.
A dynamical neural network model of sensorimotor transformations in the leech (1990)

Interneurons in leech ganglia receive multiple sensory inputs and make synaptic contacts with many motor neurons. These hidden units coordinate several different behaviors. The authors used physiological and anatomical constraints to construct a model of the local bending reflex. Dynamical networks were trained on experimentally derived input-output patterns using recurrent back propagation. Units in the model were modified to include electrical synapses and multiple synaptic time constants. The properties of the hidden units that emerged in the simulations matched those in the leech. The model and data support distributed rather than localist representations in the local bending reflex. The results also explain counterintuitive aspects of the local bending circuitry
Simulations of Membrane Gas Separation: Chemical Solvent Absorption Hybrid Plants for Pre- and Post-Combustion Carbon Capture (2013)

Solvent absorption and membrane gas separation are two carbon capture technologies that show great potential for reducing emissions from stationary sources such as power plants. Here, plants combining chemical solvent absorption and membrane gas separation are considered for post-combustion capture as well as pre-combustion capture. In all ASPEN HYSYS simulations the membrane stage initially concentrates CO2 into either the permeate or the retentate stream, which is then passed to a monoethanolamine (MEA) based solvent absorption process. In particular, post-combustion capture scenarios examined a membrane that is selective for CO2 against N2, while for the pre-combustion scenario a H2-selective membrane was studied. It was found the energy demand of the combined hybrid plant was always more than that of a stand alone MEA solvent process. This was mainly due to the need to generate a pressure driving force upstream of the membrane in the post-combustion scenario or to recompress downstream gas streams in the pre-combustion scenarios. For both scenarios concentrating the CO2 in the feed to the solvent system reduced the absorber column height and diameter, which could represent a CAPEX saving for the hybrid plant, dependent upon the membrane price. The use of a hydrogen selective membrane downstream of an oxygen fired gasifier was identified as the most prospective scenario, as it led to significant reductions in absorber size, for a relatively small membrane area and energy penalty.
Deficiency of mDia, an Actin Nucleator, Disrupts Integrity of Neuroepithelium and Causes Periventricular Dysplasia (2011)

During development of the central nervous system, the apical-basal polarity of neuroepithelial cells is critical for homeostasis of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. While adherens junctions at the apical surface of neuroepithelial cells are important for maintaining the polarity, the molecular mechanism regulating integrity of these adherens junctions remains largely unknown. Given the importance of actin cytoskeleton in adherens junctions, we have analyzed the role of mDia, an actin nucleator and a Rho effector, in the integrity of the apical adherens junction. Here we show that mDia1 and mDia3 are expressed in the developing brain, and that mDia3 is concentrated in the apical surface of neuroepithelium. Mice deficient in both mDia1 and mDia3 develop periventricular dysplastic mass widespread throughout the developing brain, where neuroepithelial cell polarity is impaired with attenuated apical actin belts and loss of apical adherens junctions. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed abnormal shrinkage and apical membrane bulging of neuroepithelial cells in the remaining areas. Furthermore, perturbation of Rho, but not that of ROCK, causes loss of the apical actin belt and adherens junctions similarly to mDia-deficient mice. These results suggest that actin cytoskeleton regulated by Rho-mDia pathway is critical for the integrity of the adherens junctions and the polarity of neuroepithelial cells, and that loss of this signaling induces aberrant, ectopic proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells.
Yardenone A and B:  New Cytotoxic Triterpenes from the Indian Ocean Sponge <i>Axinella cf. </i><i>b</i><i>idderi</i> (2002)

Two new polyepoxysqualene-derived triterpenes, yardenone A (1) and B (2), together with the known yardenone (3) and sodwanone A (4), have been isolated from the marine sponge Axinella cf. bidderi from Yemen's Socotra Island in the Indian Ocean. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data. The relative stereochemistry was established by the analysis of ROESY spectra as well as coupling constants and molecular modeling. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by the advanced Mosher's method. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated against a NSCLC cell line.
<i>N</i>‐glycan analysis by CGE–LIF: Profiling influenza A virus hemagglutinin <i>N</i>‐glycosylation during vaccine production (2008)

Glycoproteins, such as monoclonal antibodies as well as recombinant and viral proteins produced in mammalian cell culture play an important role in manufacturing of many biopharmaceuticals. To ensure consisting quality of the corresponding products, glycosylation profiles have to be tightly controlled, as glycosylation affects important properties of the corresponding proteins, including bioactivity and antigenicity. This study describes the establishment of a method for analyzing N-glycosylation patterns of mammalian cell culture-derived influenza A virus glycoproteins used in vaccine manufacturing. It comprises virus purification directly from cell culture supernatant, protein isolation, deglycosylation, and clean-up steps as well as "fingerprint" analysis of N-glycan pools by CGE-LIF, using a capillary DNA-sequencer. Reproducibility studies of CGE-LIF, virus purification, and sample preparation have been performed. For demonstrating its applicability, the method was exemplarily used for monitoring batch-to-batch reproducibility in vaccine production, with respect to the glycosylation pattern of the membrane protein hemagglutinin of influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. This method allows characterization of variations in protein glycosylation patterns, directly by N-glycan "fingerprint" alignment.
Saturable Thermally-Representative Steinmetz-Based Loss Models (2013)

Core losses in power magnetic components are important factors in their design. These losses are influenced by factors including frequency, temperature, and flux density waveform. A common empirical model to predict these losses is the Steinmetz equation and its derivatives such as the modified Steinmetz equation and the generalized Steinmetz equation. In this paper, these three models are modified to address magnetic saturation and temperature dependence. The work focuses on manganese zinc ferrite samples for low to medium frequency operation. Experimental hardware verification is provided and results obtained demonstrate that the proposed model modifications significantly reduce model error.
Endangered Wolves Cloned from Adult Somatic Cells (2007)

Over the world, canine species, including the gray wolf, have been gradually endangered or extinct. Many efforts have been made to recover and conserve these canids. The aim of this study was to produce the endangered gray wolf with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for conservation. Adult ear fibroblasts from a female gray wolf (Canis lupus) were isolated and cultured in vitro as donor cells. Because of limitations in obtaining gray wolf matured oocytes, in vivo matured canine oocytes obtained by flushing the oviducts from the isthmus to the infundibulum were used. After removing the cumulus cells, the oocyte was enucleated, microinjected, fused with a donor cell, and activated. The reconstructed cloned wolf embryos were transferred into the oviducts of the naturally synchronized surrogate mothers. Two pregnancies were detected by ultrasonography at 23 days of gestation in recipient dogs. In each surrogate dog, two fetal sacs were confirmed by early pregnancy diagnosis at 23 days, but only two cloned wolves were delivered. The first cloned wolf was delivered by cesarean section on October 18, 2005, 60 days after embryo transfer. The second cloned wolf was delivered on October 26, 2005, at 61 days postembryo transfer. Microsatellite analysis was performed with genomic DNA from the donor wolf, the two cloned wolves, and the two surrogate female recipients to confirm the genetic identity of the cloned wolves. Analysis of 19 microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned wolves were genetically identical to the donor wolf. In conclusion, we demonstrated live birth of two cloned gray wolves by nuclear transfer of wolf somatic cells into enucleated canine oocyte, indicating that SCNT is a practical approach for conserving endangered canids.
Dependence of flory-Huggins ? parameters on the copolymer composition for solutions of poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-n-butyl methacrylate) in cyclohexanone (1996)

Intermolecular interactions in random copolymer systems depend on the copolymer composition as being observed as a miscibility window in the random copolymer blends. The copolymer composition dependencies of the Flory-Huggins χ parameter and the heats of mixing ▵HM(∞) at infinite dilution were studied for the solutions of poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-n-butyl methacrylate) (MMAnBMA) in cyclohexanone (CHN). The copolymer composition dependencies of χ obtained from osmotic pressures and of ▵HM(∞) measured with a microcalorimeter were concave curves. This suggests that the random copolymers MMAnBMA interact with CHN more attractively than do the homopolymers PMMA and PnBMA. This is caused by the repulsion effect between the MMA and nBMA segments. The equation-of-state theory extended to the random copolymer systems by us reproduced fairly well these thermodynamic properties. The χ parameter for the PMMA/PnBMA blends was calculated using the equation-of-state theory with the MMA/nBMA intersegmental parameters employed for the above random copolymer solutions in CHN. The χ value calculated thus was in satisfactory agreement with that obtained from the random copolymer solutions using the Flory-Huggins theory extended to multicomponent systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SENSITIVITY TO INSULIN DURING ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE TO COLD STRESS IN RATS<sup>1</sup> (1954)

IN 1946 Selye described cold as an alarming stimulus capable of producing all of the systemic effects characterizing the general adaptation syndrome. He had reported changes in carbohydrate metabolism in rats exposed to cold: a marked hyperglycemia-immediately following initial exposure, hypoglycemia on the second day of cold, and hyperglycemia again beginning on the third day and lasting two weeks (stage of resistance). Many alarming stimuli including cold cause increased adrenocortical activity characterized by enlargement of the gland and reduction of its content in ascorbic acid and cholesterol (Selye, 1937; Long, 1947; and Sayers and Sayers, 1948). Masson (1941) found that the hypoglycemia-producing effect of insulin (that is, insulin sensitivity) is increased considerably in the stage of resistance during chronic exposure to a cold environment. More recently Cheng and Sayers (1949) produced hypersensitivity to insulin by administering desoxycorticosterone acetate to adrenal-demedullated rats. In view of these reports
Cytochrome P450 BM3 Mutants as NOVEL Biocatalytic TOOLS for Regioselective Hydroxylation of Steroids (2010)

Contains fulltext : 83716.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)
Effect of Chlorpromazine on <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> Infection in Mice (1959)

Chlorpromazine increases the susceptibility of mice to infection with Salmonella enteritidis .
Effects of mouthpiece use on airway openings and lactate levels in healthy college males. (2009)

Research has described the use of mouthpieces not only in preventing oral-facial injuries, but linking use to improvements in muscular strength and endurance. However, the mechanisms by which these improvements occur have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to understand possible physiological explanations for improvements in exercise performance with the use of a mouthpiece. Specifically, this study focused on differences in lactate levels after 30 minutes of endurance exercise with and without a mouthpiece. In addition, computed tomography (CT) scans were taken of the cross-sectional area of the oropharynx in each participant (N = 10) with and without a mouthpiece. CT scans showed a significant difference in mean width (28.27 mm with the mouthpiece vs 25.93 mm without the mouthpiece, P = .029) and an increase in mean diameter with a mouthpiece (12.17 mm vs 11.21 mm, P = .096). Lactate levels were lowered with the mouthpiece at 1.86 mmol/L vs 2.72 mmol/L without mouthpiece. This research suggests that there is an improvement in endurance performance that may be linked to improved airway openings resulting from the use of a mouthpiece. Future studies should continue to clarify the possible mechanisms for these exercise outcomes as well as to understand the optimal mandibular advancement to elicit these exercise improvements.
ChemInform Abstract: QUARTAERE SALZE VON AMINOALKYLESTERN DER BENZOESAEURE (1973)

Abstract Durch Kondensation der Aminoalkohole (II) mit den Säurechloriden (I) und nachfolgende Quatemierung mit Methyljodid in Aceton erhält man die Verbindungen (IV).
Modeling Atmospheric and Solar Radiation Pressure Effects on the Attitude Dynamics of Small Satellites (2025)

Because of the current interest in: 1) Small inexpensive LEO satellites, 2) Small STS/SS tethered satellites, and 3) Precision pointing spacecraft used in celestial and terrestrial observations, there is a renewed interest in predicting the effects of solar and atmospheric pressures on these vehicles. To date the majority of published work has been restricted to simple, well defined vehicle geometries. The investigation of other geometries requires a considerable effort to redefine and implement the new configuration. Since it is difficult, if not impossible, to find a near optimal spacecraft geometry analytically, the designer must choose a particular configuration and limit the number of modifications made to it because of the tremendous expenditure of time and money. Additionally, the very difficult task of assessing solar and atmospheric pressure torques due to shadowing is almost nonexistent in the literature. It has long been known that these nonlinear shadowing effects are an important consideration for stability analysis of a particular design. Because of the difficulty in modeling, they have been dealt with in one of two ways; either simple step jumps in torque magnitude have been considered when a surface has become shadowed or unshadowed, or the effects are neglected entirely. Neither of these approaches is desirable, rather a piecewise continuous function would be preferred in which partial shadowing of a surface is considered.
Conductance peak distributions in quantum dots at finite temperature: Signatures of the charging energy (1998)

We derive the finite temperature conductance peak distributions and peak-to-peak correlations for quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime assuming the validity of random-matrix theory. The distributions are universal, depending only on the symmetry class and the temperature measured in units of the mean level spacing, \ensuremath{\Delta}. When the temperature is comparable to \ensuremath{\Delta} several resonances contribute to the same conductance peak and we find significant deviations from the previously known $T\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ distributions. In contrast to the $T\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ case, these distributions show a strong signature of the charging energy and charge quantization on the dot.
Mycophenolate mofetil (1997)

The clinical success of solid-organ transplantation took a great leap forward in the early 1980s with the development of cyclosporin A. In synergy with corticosteroids and the antimetabolite azathioprine, cyclosporin A significantly reduced cell-mediated graft rejection and allowed for successful organ transplantation. Despite the great clinical success produced by this triple-drug regimen, however, enthusiasm was tempered for two reasons: 1) the particular toxicities of the agents and 2) the nonspecific immunosuppression produced by the regimen, which resulted in opportunistic infections and increased malignancies. Thus, efforts in developing new immunosuppressive treatments for transplantation have focused on developing specific immunomodulation and on agents that might additionally produce attenuation of the antibody response, which is believed to be important in the development of chronic rejection.
Computing in civil and building engineering : proceedings of the eighth International Conference, August 14-16, 2000, Stanford University, Stanford, California (2000)

This is a collection of 210 technical papers presented at the Eighth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering held at Stanford University, Stanford, California, August 14-16, 2000. These papers explore the latest in advanced computing theory and technologies; computing applications in civil and building engineering practice and education; and computing issues, experiences, and lessons learned. The topics covered are: project life-cycle; Internet and data mining; e-commerce; e-code checking; e-learning; seismic analysis; AEC education; standards; interoperability; CAD, GIS, and GPS; multimedia and virtual reality; 3D and 4D planning in construction; fuzzy sets; neural networks and genetic algorithms; product and process modeling; human factors and future workspaces; structural modeling and analysis; optimization; transportation; tall building analysis and design; water-related projects; support for client requirements and bidding; road maintenance and management; project control, scheduling, and cost; simulation of nonrectilinear structures; FEM and bridges; and simulation-based design.
Deep Single Image Enhancer (2019)

Surveillance cameras can be deployed in various environments where lighting conditions are constantly changing. However, due to the limited dynamic range of current image sensors, the captured images are only low dynamic range images that usually suffer from over-exposure and under-exposure situations where important details are lost. Therefore, it is critical to recover the lost details of such images in order to improve visual experience for observers and performance for possible computer vision processing. In this paper, we propose a reformulated Laplacian pyramid and a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to enhance and recover the lost detail of a degraded image. The reformulated Laplacian first decomposes the image into two sub-images that contain global and local image features, respectively. The global features and local features are processed by the proposed CNN model to manipulate the global luminance terrain and enhance local details. The final image is obtained by reconstructing the CNN generated local and global features. Various experiments have been conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.