gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse tail suppression in laser diode outputby tunable notch filter (2001)

Efficient suppression of the relaxation oscillations in the output signal from an overdriven gain-switched laser diode is demonstrated for the first time by spectral filtering using a non-uniformly strained fibre Bragg grating. As a result, a five-fold increase in the peak power is achieved for the tail-free operation.
Pemphigoid: Clinical, Histologic, Immunopathologic, and Therapeutic Considerations (2000)

Autoimmune blistering diseases are generally distinct entities characterized by relatively consistent clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic findings. These disorders may cause impaired adhesion of epidermis to epidermal basement membrane (eg, the pemphigoid group of disorders [bullous, gestational, and mucous membrane]) or impaired adhesion of epidermal cells to each other (eg, the pemphigus group of disorders). Recent studies have shown that these disorders are characterized by autoantibodies that often display pathogenic (ie, blister-forming) activity in passive transfer models. Interestingly, the autoantigens targeted by these patients' autoantibodies represent important structural proteins that promote cell matrix (eg, pemphigoid) or cell-to-cell (eg, pemphigus) adhesion in skin. Autoimmune blistering diseases are characterized by substantial morbidity (pruritus, pain, disfigurement), and in some instances, mortality (secondary to loss of epidermal barrier function). Treatment with systemic immunosuppressives has reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with these diseases. JAMA. 2000;284:350-356
A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of nortriptyline for chronic low back pain (1998)

To assess the efficacy of nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, as an analgesic in chronic back pain without depression, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial in 78 men recruited from primary care and general orthopedic settings, who had chronic low back pain (pain at T-6 or below on a daily basis for 6 months or longer). Of these 57 completed the trial; of the 21 who did not complete, four were withdrawn because of adverse effects. The intervention consisted of inert placebo or nortriptyline titrated to within the therapeutic range for treating major depression (50-150 ng/ml). The main outcome endpoints were pain (Descriptor Differential Scale), disability (Sickness Impact Profile), health-related quality of life (Quality of Well-Being Scale), mood (Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety/Depression Rating Scales), and physician rated outcome (Clinical Global Impression). Reduction in pain intensity scores was significantly greater for participants randomized to nortriptyline (difference in mean change 1.68, 95%-0.001, CI -3.36, P = 0.050), with a reduction of pain by 22% compared to 9% on placebo. Reduction in disability marginally favored nortriptyline (P = 0.055), but health-related quality of life, mood, and physician ratings of overall outcome did not differ significantly between treatments. Subgroup analyses of study completers supported the intent-to-treat analysis. Also, completers with radicular pain on nortriptyline (n = 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) better analgesia and overall outcome than did those on placebo (n = 6). The results suggest noradrenergic mechanisms are relevant to analgesia in back pain. This modest reduction in pain intensity suggests that physicians should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of nortriptyline in chronic back pain without depression.
Studies on adriamycin using a weekly regimen demonstrating its clinical effectiveness and lack of cardiac toxicity. (1976)

Adriamycin has been given to 442 patients using the weekly regimen as initially described by Bonadonna et al. Hematologic toxicity and clinical effectiveness have been similar to those described with regimens in which the drug is given every 3 weeks. Stomatitis is more frequent with the weekly regimen than with the usual triweekly regimen. The incidence of electrocardiographic changes and arrhythmias was similar to that reported in other studies. Nine patients received between 500 and 550 mg/m2, nine between 550 and 600 mg/m2, 28 between 600 and 1000 mg/m2, and 22 between 1000 and 2500 mg/m2. None of the patients developed definite evidence of cardiomyopathy although six showed some disturbance of myocardial function. In each of the six patients, factors other than adriamycin cardiotoxicity were believed to play a major role in the myocardial abnormality. The difference between the incidence of cardiomyopathy seen in this series and that previously reported is statistically significant. The reasons for the difference are not clear but are probably related to the schedule that was used.
Statin therapy in heart failure (2005)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) affects up to2% of the population, and recent data indicatedramatic increases in its incidence and preva-lence, especially in western societies. It is a verydisabling and debilitating illness. Over the past10 to 20 years there have been dramaticchanges in the management of CHF, based onlarge-scale, randomized, controlled trials. Cur-rently, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibi-tors,
Location Privacy-Preserving Task Allocation for Mobile Crowdsensing with Differential Geo-Obfuscation (2017)

In traditional mobile crowdsensing applications, organizers need participants' precise locations for optimal task allocation, e.g., minimizing selected workers' travel distance to task locations. However, the exposure of their locations raises privacy concerns. Especially for those who are not eventually selected for any task, their location privacy is sacrificed in vain. Hence, in this paper, we propose a location privacy-preserving task allocation framework with geo-obfuscation to protect users' locations during task assignments. Specifically, we make participants obfuscate their reported locations under the guarantee of differential privacy, which can provide privacy protection regardless of adversaries' prior knowledge and without the involvement of any third-part entity. In order to achieve optimal task allocation with such differential geo-obfuscation, we formulate a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem to minimize the expected travel distance of the selected workers under the constraint of differential privacy. Evaluation results on both simulation and real-world user mobility traces show the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Particularly, our framework outperforms Laplace obfuscation, a state-of-the-art differential geo-obfuscation mechanism, by achieving 45% less average travel distance on the real-world data.
The Application of Gamesmanship in Science (1956)

The Application of Gamesmanship in Science Frank N. Young, Frank N. Young Indiana University , Bloomington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sears Crowell Sears Crowell Indiana University , Bloomington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar 1We must acknowledge the contributions of many colleagues to the material contained in this paper. Dr. C. B. Heiser, of the Dept. of Botany of Indiana University was particularly helpful in suggesting ideas and finding examples of their application. Others have asked to remain nameless. Author Notes AIBS Bulletin, Volume 6, Issue 5, November 1956, Pages 13–14, https://doi.org/10.2307/1292276 Published: 01 November 1956
Power electronic converter for wind power plant (2012)

During the last few years, power electronics have undergone a fast evolution, which is mainly due to two factors. The first one is the development of fast semiconductor switches that are capable of switching quickly and handling high current/voltage. The second factor is the introduction of real-time computer controllers that can implement advanced and complex control algorithms. These factors together have led to the development of cost-effective and grid-friendly converters. It is expected that current developments in gearless energy transmission with power-electronic grid interface will lead to a new generation of quiet, efficient, and economical wind turbines of size more than 7 MW. In this paper, most common topologies are selected and discussed in respect to advantages and drawbacks along with current and new trends in power-electronic technology for the integration of renewable energy sources.
Potential advantages of treatment of transplanted saphenous vein aorto-coronary artery bypass grafts with beta irradiation to prevent graft occlusion. (1997)

Intimal proliferation or Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) is a vascular lesion that often arises in arteries after balloon angioplasty or other vessel wall injuries. FIH is a vascular lesion that develops in autologous saphenous vein grafts (SVG) after transplantation into the aorto-coronary circulation or the peripheral vascular circulation. FIH shares elements of smooth muscle migration, proliferation and fibrous tissue deposition in common with nibrointimal proliferation (NIH). Either NIH of a coronary artery or FIH of a SVG obstruct the vascular lumen and result in myocardial dysfunction. Local radiotherapy has been used for several decades to reduce the post-operative recurrence of the fibrovascular proliferations of pterygia and keloids. Similarly, in animal and human experiments, endovascular radiotherapy has been shown to reduce arterial smooth muscle proliferation. Consideration of the similarities of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in NIH and FIH leads one to suggest that endovascular beta irradiation can reduce FIH as well as it reduces NIH. The goal of such treatment is to achieve a clinically significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality resulting from SVG occlusions. The potential for large reduction of the consequences of SVG occlusion, the very large number of patients at risk, and the simplicity of the proposed intervention encourages prompt scientific evaluation of this technique.
Bone marrow transplantation therapy for metabolic disease: animal models as predictors of success and in utero approaches. (1996)

A large series of animal models of human lysosomal storage diseases has undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to evaluate this approach to providing a source of normal lysosomal hydrolases for therapy. The relative success of this approach appears to be dependent on the age at transplant and the specific disease being treated. The variability in results between different diseases may be due to the observation that the amount of each specific enzyme secreted by bone marrow and bone marrow-derived cells varies, and because different diseases have different organ systems which are affected, with particular emphasis on the central nervous system pathology.
Iterative algorithms for multiple electromagnetic scattering in three dimensions (2010)

We describe and compare two iterative fully discrete high-order algorithms for simulation of electromagnetic scattering by multiple perfectly conducting three dimensional particles. Our hybrid surface integral algorithms use a combination of high-order approximations of the tangential surface current on each particle and iterative schemes to simulate the multiple scattering problem by solving several single particle scattering problems with each iteration efficiently taking into account reflected waves from all scatterers in the configuration.
Real Time Well Placement above a Tar Mat, Leveraging Formation Pressure While Drilling and Pyrolytic Oil-Productivity Index Technologies (2008)

Abstract Recent development of a large oil field in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia achieved real time well placement above a tar mat by utilizing Formation Pressure While Drilling (FPWD) and Saudi Aramco's Pyrolytic Oil-Productivity Index (POPI). Placement of 6 ⅛ in. horizontal power water injector wells in close proximity above an impermeable, undulating, tar layer posed a unique geosteering challenge. Additionally, a heavy oil layer of varying thickness exists above the tar. The uncertainty was to determine at what vertical depth fluid mobility stopped and heavy oil and/or tar began in the high porosity/permeability reservoir. The heavy oil/tar layer is undetectable with conventional real-time logging while drilling (LWD) measurements. Furthermore, new technology devices such as the 6 ⅛ in. NMR While Drilling tool were not available when the field was developed. A technique of combining FPWD with POPI provided a solution to identify and steer away from the immobile fluids, minimizing the risk of completing an injection well in an interval with low or no injectivity. POPI collectively refers to pyrolytic methods developed by Saudi Aramco to identify and quantify tar from residual hydrocarbon staining on drill cuttings. Pyrolytic Oil-Productivity Index provides a direct assessment of the residual hydrocarbons present on rock samples and allows an accurate determination of the volume of tar over a wide range of concentrations. The business impact is to assist with geosteering horizontal injector wells in real time. Formation pressure while drilling and POPI results were integrated to confirm favorable fluid mobility and well paths were placed to take advantage of this knowledge. Initial tests showed high injectivity in all wells, which indicates that they were placed in the desired zone. This paper includes selected case studies demonstrating both entry into and steering away from impermeable tar layers.
Co-channel speech separation based on sinusoidal model for speech (2002)

This paper proposed a sinusoidal model based cochannel speech separation method which is based on the assumption that a speech wave consists of a series of sinusoidal signals with time-varying amplitudes, frequencies and phases. In this paper subharmonic summation was expanded to overlapping speech situations to detect and separate the pitch frequencies of each speech. Then 2-D harmonic sieve arithmetic was proposed to obtain the harmonic frequencies, amplitudes and phases of each speech. Finally the components of each speech were separated by a sinusoidal model. This method is mainly suitable for overlapping vowels, and the experiment results showed it can effectively separate two overlapping speeches even when the pitch frequencies of the two speeches are relatively close.
Motor effects of broad beans (Vicia faba) in Parkinson's disease: single dose studies. (1993)

Broad beans (Vicia faba) are a natural source of L-dopa. To investigate a possible role for this substance in the treatment of Parkinsonian motor oscillations, we carried out single dose studies of Vicia faba pod mixture plus carbidopa in six patients. Motor responses of equivalent magnitude to those of conventional L-dopa medication occurred in five cases with mean onset of 39 min and mean duration of 104 min. Vicia faba meals produced comparable L-dopa blood levels to fasting standard tablet doses and recovery studies yielded 0.25% L-dopa per weight of bean pod mixture. Vicia faba contains sufficient L-dopa to be pharmacologically active in patients with Parkinson's disease and can potentially be incorporated into dietary strategies to manage Parkinsonian motor oscillations.
Beyond calls: modeling the connection center (2017)

Call centers have been the subject of many simulation studies and the challenges and successes of modelling these environments have been widely published. Call centers have however evolved significantly in the last decade or so, as new communication technologies have become available, customer expectations have increased, and the value of customer experience has been recognized and prioritized. While the single-channel call centers proved complex to analyze and worthy of the advanced analytical power of simulation, the modern multi-channel connection centers bring new levels of complexity to managerial decision making. This paper presents research into the modelling challenges posed by these evolving environments and illustrates how simulation is now more beneficial than ever to organizations aiming to understand and quantify the impact of change in their customer support business.
Polymorphic forms of human apolipoprotein[a]: inheritance and relationship of their molecular weights to plasma levels of lipoprotein[a]. (1990)

The plasma concentration of human lipoprotein[a], Lp[a], is highly correlated with coronary artery disease. The protein moiety of Lp[a], apoLp[a], consists of two apoproteins, apo[a] and apoB-100, linked by one or more disulfide bonds(s). Apo[a], the protein unique to Lp[a], exists in polymorphic forms that exhibit different apparent molecular weights (Mr). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by immunoblotting was used to separate and visualize these different forms and to determine the polymorphic pattern of apo[a] in the plasma samples of 692 individuals. A total of 11 different polymorph bands ranging in Mr from 419 kD to 838 kD could be resolved, but only 1 or 2 bands were present per individual. The polymorphic band pattern for an individual was assigned to 1 of the 66 different phenotype designations representing the total number of possible single- and double-band combinations of the 11 detectable bands. All 11 of the possible single-band phenotypes but only 32 of the 55 possible double-band phenotypes were represented. There were 412 plasma samples (59.5%) that contained a single band, 274 (39.6%) contained two bands, and only 6 (0.9%) had no detectable apo[a] band. A highly significant inverse correlation was found between the Mr of the band(s) present and the plasma apoLp[a] concentration (r = -0.461; rho = 0.0001). The correlation was better between apoLp[a] and single-band (r = -0.495; rho = 0.0001) than double-band (r = -0.382; rho = 0.0001) phenotypes. Of the 274 individuals exhibiting double-band phenotypes, the lower Mr band was more intense in 141 (51.4%), the two bands were equally intense in 85 (31.0%), while the higher Mr band was more intense in 48 (17.5%). Based upon the hypothesis that apo[a] polymorphism is controlled by different alleles at a single locus, the frequency of the 11 alleles determined from the observe phenotypes (low Mr----high Mr) was: band 1) 419 kD, 0.00875; band 2) 489 kD, 0.00510; band 3) 536 kD, 0.0555; band 4) 553 kD, 0.0758; band 5) 613 kD, 0.135; band 6) 680 kD, 0.0824; band 7) 705 kD, 0.104; band 8) 742 kD, 0.151; band 9) 760 kD, 0.246; band 10) 796 kD, 0.128; band 11) 838 kD, 0.00802. The observed distribution of phenotypes in the population was compared by chi-square analysis to that predicted on the basis of simple Mendelian inheritance, and the hypothesis was rejected (chi 2 = 921.7; rho less than 0.001). Significantly, the singleband phenotypes are over-represented in the population compared to that predicted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Radon Distribution in Domestic Water of Texas (1988)

ABSTRACT Concern is mounting over possible adverse health effects associated with exposure to elevated domestic alpha radiation levels (Bean et al , 1982); Petersen et al ., 1966; Lyman et al , 1985; Cothern, 1987). Radon released during domestic use of ground water is one of the potential routes of such exposure. However, relatively little is known worldwide about the distribution of alpha‐emitting radioisotopes in ground‐water supplies. In Texas, deposits of uranium occur, rich enough to be mined commercially, and the possibility existed that significant concentrations of uranium disintegration products may have been present in ground‐water supplies. Cech et al . (1987a) identified two regions with anomalously high concentrations of radium‐226: in the Gulf Coast, downdip from uranium deposits, and in west‐central Texas, on the periphery of an igneous uplift. Radium‐226 is a parent of radon‐222 which is a focus of the present paper. Concentrations of radon up to 3300 pCi/1 were observed in several domestic‐water supplies. This study suggests that it may be external sources (interaction of Tertiary aquifers with salt domes, leaky faults, and uranium‐bearing volcanic ashes) and not the bulk mineralogy of the aquifers, which cause anomalous concentrations of alpha‐emitting radioisotopes in well water. The distinction is important, as it offers the possibility of avoiding high risk areas when selecting well drilling locations.
Zona Hardening, Zona Drilling and Assisted Hatching: New Achievements in Assisted Reproduction (2000)

Prior to fertilization, the zona pellucida surrounding the mammalian oocyte acts as a species-specific sperm barrier and is involved in sperm binding. After fertilization, the zona plays a role in blocking polyspermic fertilization, it protects the integrity of the preimplantation embryo during early embryonic development, and also helps its oviductal transport. Zona hardening occurs naturally after fertilization in order to ensure this threefold function. A combination of lysins produced by the cleaving embryo or the uterus and physical expansion then reduces the zona thickness in preparation for hatching. Zona hardening, although not readily quantifiable, may also be induced by in vitro culture and by in vivo aging. Indeed, prolonged exposure of human oocytes and embryos to artificial culture conditions seems to impair their ability to implant. Implantation rates are also inversely correlated with advanced female age. Recently, failure of the embryonic zona pellucida to rupture following blastocyst expansion has been put forward as a possible contributing factor in implantation failure. In order to help embryos escape from their zonae during blastocyst expansion, different types of assisted hatching have been developed. Zona drilling involves the creation of an opening in the zona with acidified medium, whereas zona slitting is carried out in the same manner as partial zona dissection. In zona thinning, the zona is just made thinner over a certain area without a hole or a slit being created. More recently, laser-assisted hatching has been introduced. In vitro studies with both mouse and human embryos have indicated that an artificial gap in the zona pellucida significantly improves the hatching ability of blastocysts grown in vitro as compared to non-micromanipulated embryos. However, the clinical relevance of assisted hatching within an assisted reproduction program remains controversial and elusive. Very few randomized studies are available. Most reports are of retrospective analyses which report either no differences in implantation and pregnancy rates between assisted hatching and control embryos or better results after assisted hatching. Five randomized controlled studies suggest that assisted hatching – of no benefit to the overall patient population – might be of value in increasing embryo implantation rates only in selected cases. No further evidence exists for an age-related benefit from assisted hatching in patients with advanced maternal age.