gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
World Stress Map 2016 (2016)

The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System.All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale. The stress map displays A-C quality stress data records of the upper 40 km of the Earth’s crust from the WSM database release 2016 (doi:10.5880/WSM.2016.001). Focal mechanism solutions determined as being potentially unreliable (labelled as Possible Plate Boundary Events in the database) are not displayed. Further detailed information on the WSM quality ranking scheme, guidelines for the various stress indicators, and software for stress map generation and the stress pattern analysis is available at http://www.world-stress-map.org.
Tibetan medicinal formulas used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders (2012)

Introduction: Men-Tsee-Khang in Dharamsala, India, formally known as the Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute (TMAI), is dedicated to the teachings and practice of Tibetan medicine, which uses therapeutic agents in multi-ingredient formulas. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to identify formulas used at Men-Tsee-Khang for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and to compare the Tibetan usage of particular ingredients with pharmacological data from the scientific database. Methods: Using ethnographic techniques and methods, five physicians were selected, and the interviews were conducted between July 2010 and February 2011. Results: A correlation was observed between central nervous system disorders and rLung, one of the three humors in Tibetan medicine, and 10 formulas used to treat the imbalance of this particular humor were identified. These formulas utilize 61 ingredients, including salts, animal products and plants. The 48 plant species identified in these formulas are traditionally used in Tibetan medicine and are deposited at the Men-Tsee-Khang Herbarium. Each formula treats several symptoms related to rLung imbalance, so the plants may have therapeutic uses distinct from those of the formulas in which they are included. Data from the scientific literature indicate that all of the formulas include ingredients with neuropsychiatric action and corroborate the therapeutic use of 75,6% of the plants. Conclusion: These findings indicate a level of congruence between the therapeutic uses of particular plant species in Tibetan and Western medicines.
The optimum design of one- and two-dimensional FIR filters using the frequency response masking technique (1993)

An expression for the impulse response up-sampling ratio M, which will produce a minimum complexity design, is derived. It is shown that M approaches e (the base of the natural logarithm) as the number of frequency response masking stages increases; in a K-stage design the complexity of the filter is inversely proportional to the (K+1)th root of the transition width; the frequency response masking technique is effective if the normalized transition width is less than 1/16; and the frequency response masking technique is more efficient than the interpolated impulse response technique if the square root of the normalized transition width is less than the arithmetic mean of the normalized passband edge and stopband edge. An expression for the multistage frequency response ripple compensation is derived. An optimum design relationship for the interpolated impulse response technique is also derived. The design of narrow-band two-dimensional filters using the frequency response masking technique is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Porous palladium coated conducting polymer nanoparticles for ultrasensitive hydrogen sensors (2015)

Hydrogen, a clean-burning fuel, is of key importance to various industrial applications, including fuel cells and in the aerospace and automotive industries. However, hydrogen gas is odorless, colorless, and highly flammable; thus appropriate safety protocol implementation and monitoring are essential. Highly sensitive hydrogen leak detection and surveillance sensor systems are needed; additionally, the ability to maintain uniformity through repetitive hydrogen sensing is becoming increasingly important. In this report, we detail the fabrication of porous palladium coated conducting polymer (3-carboxylate polypyrrole) nanoparticles (Pd@CPPys) to detect hydrogen gas. The Pd@CPPys are produced by means of facile alkyl functionalization and chemical reduction of a pristine 3-carboxylate polypyrrole nanoparticle-contained palladium precursor (PdCl(2)) solution. The resulting Pd@CPPy-based sensor electrode exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (0.1 ppm) and stability toward hydrogen gas at room temperature due to the palladium sensing layer.
Caries and Plaque Inhibition by Mutanase in Rats (1972)

The effects of mutanase (α-1,3 glucan 3-glucanohydrolase, free of 1,6 activity produced by Trichoderma harzianum OMZ 779) and dextranase (α-1,6 glucan 6-glucanohydrolase obtained from Penicillium funiculosum) on plaque formation and caries incidence were investigated in two groups of 36 rats each. The first group was kept in relative gnotobiosis with Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176 E, the second group harboured its indigenous flora. During the entire 28-day experimental period the animals were housed in a feeding machine and fed 18 meals per day. For the first three experimental days both groups received diet 2,000 (56% sucrose). Thereafter each of the two groups was distributed among the following treatments: O: diet 2,000; M: diet 2,000 containing mutanase (100 MU/ g); D: diet 2,000 containing dextranase (150 DU/g); M+D: diet 2,000 containing both enzymes (100 MU and 150 DU/g). Blood for white cell counts was collected prior to sacrifice by heart puncture. Extent of plaque on the smooth surfaces of the upper molars was scored under a dissection microscope after staining with erythrosin. Fissure caries was assessed on serial sections of the first and second lower molars.
Methods and systems of food quality and safety assurance. (2005)

The most important aspect for consumers reffering to food production is its safety. Due to that producers must assure food safety and health. For this reason enterprises implement systems which are helpful in a complex food production chain. Food producers are guided by those systems on how to make a safe product and by using them eliminate any possible hazards that may appear. The most common and obligatory systems are GMP/GHP rules and HACCP system. Enterprises also implement quality asuurance and management systems such as ISO 9000. In addition, this paper includes a description of those systems and their common applications and relationships. It also shows the importance oftraceability and role of ethics in food law and food safety.
Structures of some taxane diterpenoids, baccatins-III, -IV, -VI, and -VII and 1-dehydroxybaccatin-IV, possessing an oxetan ring (1975)

D. P. D. C. De Marcano and T. G. Halsall, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 365 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000365
Glutathione Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Promising Material for Pesticide Detection (2013)

Extensive research studies are being carried out to significantly improve the sensing characteristics of pesticide sensors (chloropyrifos, organophosphates (OP)) especially at ultra low concentrations using advance fabrication and characterization techniques. We report feasibility study of pesticide sensing, using nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized ZnO films, at ultra low concentrations (10 to 1000 ppb). ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by non-aqueous sol–gel method. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was coated on as-synthesized ZnO NPs by physical mixing. FESEM observation revealed spherical particles of about 10–20 nm in diameter having fairly uniform shape distribution. Thick films of these powders were printed on pre-printed electrodes using conventional screen printing technique. AChE was immobilized on the films by physical adsorption method. It is found that bare ZnO NPs are insensitive to pesticides while GSH coated ZnO NPs exhibit monotonous increase of sensitivity as a function of OP concentration over the wide range (10 ppb to 1000 ppb) with sensitivity of 2.1 A/ppm/cm2, detection limit of 3 ppb and regression coefficient of 0.92. Electrochemical measurement indicated that sensors can be used for few times due to the known inhibitory nature of OP and AChE reaction.
The Expanding Role of Anti-IL-12 and/or Anti-IL-23 Antibodies in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (2019)

The interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 pathway is one of many proposed mechanistic pathways of intestinal inflammation. Earlier studies introduced IL-12 as a major cytokine in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the discovery of IL-23 drew attention toward this new cytokine. Overwhelming data indicated that antibodies against IL-12p40 rendered their anti-inflammatory effect primarily via inhibition of IL-23. This is because IL-12 and IL-23 have the subunit p40 in common. These cytokines have become an attractive target of treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Targeting IL-12 selectively was not found to be an efficacious treatment. Coblockade of IL-12 and IL-23 via targeting of p40, however, was found to be effective. More recently, selective IL-23 blockade has been extensively studied with promising preliminary results. To date, there are several ongoing randomized clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy profiles of selective IL-23 inhibitors. Overall, the classes of anti-IL-12/IL-23 inhibitors and selective IL-23 inhibitors seem to be effective alternatives in patients who are nonresponders to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, especially in a subgroup of secondary nonresponders. In addition, the immunogenicity and adverse event rates associated with antibodies against IL-12 and/or IL-23 seem to be very low. Considering all of this, these agents will be an important part of the treatment algorithm for patients with inflammatory bowel disease going forward.
산부인과 간호단위의 간화과정과 SNOMED CT를 이용한 간호진단 온톨로지의 구축 (2013)

Purpose: This study was performed to propose an ontology methodology based on standardized nursing process as framework in obstetric and gynecologic nursing practice. Methods: The instrument used in this study was based on the nursing diagnosis classification established by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association(NANDA)(2009-2011), fifth edition of the Nursing Interventions Classification(NIC)(2008), forth edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC)(2008)developed by lowa State University and systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms(SNOMED CT). The nursing Records data were collected from electronic medical records of knowledge and experience, it will also help to determine nursing diagnosis logically by using standardized nursing process. It will be utilized as the method to construct ontology including interoperability in other nursing units. It will be presented nursing interventions according to nursing interventions according to nursing diagnosis and thus will be easier to establish nursing planning. This can provide immediate feedback of the nursing process application.
Switched capacitor circuits and their applications, an overview (2003)

Switched capacitor (SC) circuits are derived (designed) from passive LC ladders, RC-active circuits or digital structures. This paper reviews the different design techniques of SC-circuits and concentrates on those derived from digital structures. Also, the paper demonstrates various signal processing applications using SC-circuits.
Crystallographic orientation of textured CoCrTa/Cr sputtered thin film media for longitudinal recording (1993)

We have studied the influence of deposition conditions on the structure and properties of Co84Cr14Ta2 alloy magnetic thin films and Cr underlayers sputtered onto circumferentially textured and smooth polished NiP/Al substrates. Suitable processing conditions provide in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the textured media, with enhanced coercivity (Hc) and coercivity squareness (S*) in the circumferential direction and reduced Hc and S* in the radial direction. The crystallography in these films was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to address the origin of the observed magnetic anisotropy. The CoCrTa alloy grains are found to grow semicoherently on the chromium underlayer, resulting in vertical &lt;200≳ Cr and &lt;112̄0≳ CoCrTa axes. This requires an in-plane orientation of the CoCrTa c axis, which is observed to be nearly random by high-resolution TEM. Microdiffraction shows apparent preferred c-axis alignment locally at texture lines, but this observation is primarily attributable to asymmetric tilting of the vertical growth direction caused by the substrate topography. The &lt;112̄0≳ growth axis appears to be perpendicular to the local grooved surface, not the bulk surface, requiring a local c-axis out-of-plane tilt near the grooves. The anisotropic surface topography induces a corresponding anisotropy in the out-of-plane component of the magnetically easy c axis in the CoCrTa alloy, which we suggest has implications on the bulk magnetic anisotropy in such films.
The Semantics of Cyber Warfare 网络战的语义 (2013)

The study of cyber warfare in China suffers from the same excess of overlapping terminology as English documents. This paper will analyze key cyber warfare terms from authoritative sources and show that all of them can be broken down into three fundamental branches that are common to both the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. The three branches are: Information Operations, Computer Network Operations, and Net Centric Warfare. Streamlined categorizing can aid the efficiency of research and improve inter-agency structure. Additional benefits include more accurate threat assessment, limiting media and public misunderstanding, and increasing transparency to forward cooperation, understanding, and trust. 网络战的语义 摘要: 在中国，对网络战的研究与英文文件一样，饱受术语过度重叠之苦。本文将分析来源权威的关键网络战术语，并展示这些术语都可以分解为三个基本类别，在中国和美国都很常见。这三个类别分别是：信息战，计算机网络战，和网络中心战。简化归类可以帮助提高研究效率、改进机构间结构。其它有利之处还包括更精确的威胁评估、限制媒体和公众误解、增加透明度以促进合作、理解和信任。 关键词: 中国，计算机网络战，网络战，电子战，黑客，信息战，信息战争，网络中心战
A multiple access technique for cellular packet networks with admission control (2002)

We propose a code division multiple access technique for cellular packet data networks. In this technique, each user is assigned a distinct quasi-orthogonal pseudonoise (PN) sequence code for accessing the spread spectrum channel. Packet transmission is admitted to the network with explicit acknowledgement from the base station. To prevent the bistable behavior of ALOHA-type systems, the base station controls access attempts by broadcasting a busy tone when there are too many simultaneously arriving packets. We analyze the throughput, blocking probability, and average delay of the proposed system and evaluate system performance using ATM format packets. The results show the proposed approach leads to a good performance. With 33 percent of error control bits and open-loop power control, a 40 percent improvement in effective throughput over TDMA systems is possible even in the presence of Rayleigh fading.
Voltage-Gated Proton Channels Find Their Dream Job Managing the Respiratory Burst in Phagocytes (2010)

The voltage-gated proton channel bears surprising resemblance to the voltage-sensing domain (S1-S4) of other voltage-gated ion channels but is a dimer with two conduction pathways. The proton channel seems designed for efficient proton extrusion from cells. In phagocytes, it facilitates the production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase.
Automatic Sound Classification of Radio Broadcast News (2015)

Automatic extraction of the index of broadcast streams from radio and television has become a challenging research topic over the last years. The automatic classification of audio types, such as speech, music, noises/atypical events etc, has found numerous applications. In this paper we study the evaluation of different machine learning algorithms, which have successfully been used in other classification tasks, on the task of classification of audio broadcast news. The audio classification scheme consists of pre-processing, audio parameterization with established audio features, and classification to acoustic events. The experimental evaluation was carried out using the Voice of America broadcast recordings database for the Greek language. The experimental results indicated that the best performance, approximately 92 % of accuracy, was achieved by the classification scheme using the boosting technique with decision trees.
Human serum amyloid A (SAA) protein changes in acute epilepsy patients (2012)

Previously, there is no study looking at serum biomarkers for epilepsy. Epilepsy can trigger neuroinflammation events, and serum amyloid A (SAA) is one biomarker as acute-phase protein in multiple diseases. In present study, we detected serum SAA peak in epileptic patients with mass spectrometry and quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurement. The results suggested that in acute phase of epilepsy, the serum SAA increased, but after 3 months of treatment, the SAA peak was disappeared. In conclusion, the study provided values of proteomic diagnosis of epilepsy.
Injection systems for AMS: Simultaneous vs. sequential (2021)

The Simon Fraser AMS spectrometer operated at McMaster University for a period of about 10 years. This instrument was unique in that the isotope beams of interest were injected into the accelerator simultaneously rather than sequentially, using an achromatic multi-magnet injector. As well, our group has also been involved in the design and operation of the LLNL spectrometer, which uses a more conventional fast pulsing sequential system. We compare our first- hand experience with the two systems and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches. 7 refs., 6 figs.
Effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation on advanced glycation endproducts in the skin and peritoneum. (1998)

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) form as a result of non-enzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with proteins. Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have elevated AGE in plasma, skin and peritoneum. We measured AGE in the skin and peritoneum of individuals with CRF, patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in renal transplant recipients (TR). Pentosidine concentration and collagen-linked fluorescence (CLF) were measured. Pentosidine and CLF correlated in all patient groups (CRF r=0.688, p<0.01; CAPD r=0.674, p<0.05; TR r=0.811, p<0.01). Successful kidney transplant reduced AGE levels in the skin (CRF 11.7 +/- 4.51 U/mg; TR 5.02 +/- 3.13 U/mg, p<0.00001) and peritoneum (CRF 17.5 +/- 6.16 U/mg, TR 9.4 +/- 4.97 U/mg, p<0.0001). However in contrast to the TR group, CLF in peritoneum increased following CAPD (CRF 17.5 +/- 6.16 U/mg; CAPD 24.2 +/- 10.4 U/mg; p=0.06). Our results suggest that AGE might be formed in the peritoneum during CAPD treatment.
Methylation of slipped duplexes, snapbacks and cruciforms by human DNA(cytosine-5)methyltransferase (1995)

When human DNA(cytosine-5)methyltransferase was used to methylate a series of snapback oligodeoxy-nucleotides of differing stem lengths, each containing a centrally located CG dinucleotide recognition site, the enzyme required a minimum of 22 base pairs in the stem for maximum activity. Extrahelical cytosines in slipped duplexes that were 30 base pairs in length acted as effective methyl acceptors and were more rapidly methylated than cytosines that were Watson-Crick paired. Duplexes containing hairpins of CCG repeats in cruciform structures in which the enzyme recognition sequence was disrupted by a C.C mispair were also more rapidly methylated than control Watson-Crick-paired duplexes. Since enzymes have higher affinities for their transition states than for their substrates, the results with extrahelical and mispaired cytosines suggest that these structures can be viewed as analogs of the transition state intermediates produced during catalysis by methyltransferases.
Compressed Sensing for Accelerated EAP Recovery in Diffusion MRI (2010)

Proceedings Computational Diffusion MRI - MICCAI Workshop
An adaptive multi-layer address-VQ scheme (1991)

A new VQ technique, adaptive multi-layer address-VQ, is introduced which exploits the interlock correlation by using several different address-codebooks organized in a hierarchical (multi-layer) manner. It is an error-free post-coding technique, which can apply to image, speech coding, and text compression. The quality (SNR value) of the images encoded by the proposed method is the same as that of a memoryless vector quantizer, but the bit rate is reduced by a factor of approximately 2.5-4.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current management of cytomegalovirus disease (1993)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen for the fetus, for allograft recipients, and for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients; the clinical features in each of these groups of patients are described. CMV may also act as a cofactor to accelerate the rate at which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. Active CMV infection in immunocompromised patients is best managed by routine laboratory screening of patients at risk using assays that provide prognostic information. Antiviral therapy can then be considered under one of four headings: For prophylaxis, the drug is given to all patients from a particular time point, e.g., time of transplantation. Successful trials have been reported for interferon (renal transplant), acyclovir (renal transplant and bone marrow transplant), and ganciclovir (heart transplant and bone marrow transplant). For suppression, the drug is given once CMV excretion has been detected in peripheral sites of particular patients. A successful trial of ganciclovir in bone marrow transplant patients has been reported. For pre-emptive therapy, the drug is given once CMV has been detected systemically. A successful trial of ganciclovir in bone marrow transplant patients has been reported. Regarding treatment, a controlled comparison of ganciclovir and foscarnet for CMV retinitis in AIDS patients has shown that both drugs are equally effective but that foscarnet has a survival benefit. Open studies suggest that the combination of immunoglobulin and ganciclovir is of benefit for treatment of established CMV pneumonitis. In open studies other treatments have been tried, with no clinical success, despite control of viral replication in some cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)