gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Low Energy X-Ray and Electron Physics. (1981)

Abstract : A new spectrograph system has been developed and calibrated in this AFOSR-supported laboratory for the absolute spectrometry of high intensity pulsed x-ray sources (fusion energy and x-ray laser development) in the 100-10,000 eV region. This spectral region is analyzed with fixed elliptically curved crystals and molecular or metal multilayers of 2d-values in the 3-160 A range. Twin channels are utilized for simultaneous time-integrated photographic recording and for time-resolved x-ray streak camera recording. Absolute calibrations of the elliptical analyzers, of the photographic film, and of the gold and CsI transmission photocathodes have been made using monoenergetic, CW laboratory x-ray sources. The overall transmission characteristics of the spectrograph have also been determined. The instrument has been designed for mounting through a pneumatically-controlled high-vacuum valve onto a four-inch port of a one-meter diameter source chamber and includes an appendage, high-vacuum, sputter/ion pre-pumping station. The initial testing and application of this new spectrographic system has been on the University of Rochester's LLE 24-laser-beam OMEGA facility. (Author)
[A study on the reliability of data provided by patients' family surrogates]. (1997)

In epidemiological investigations, the validity and reliability of data under different ways of collection might not be consistent. In order to evaluate the consistency of data collected from cases themselves or from their surrogates (for example, the spouse) through answering the same questionnaire, at personal interview, was carried out among 50 cases of lung cancer and their surrogates respectively. Other than the item starting age of smoking by a paired-t test, the results showed that between the two groups of quantitative data sources, the overall consistent rate was 84.1% and the differences were not significant (P < 0.05). When Kappa consistency test was used to the count variables, an average consistent rate of 87.8% was noticed, but P values were less than 0.001 for all items. Results from this study were quite similar to those with have been published abroad and suggested that it is credible to collect data from surrogates when dead cases were selected as research subjects.
The Working Group for Equal Opportunities (AKC) of the German Physical Society (abstract) (2009)

The Working Group for Equal Opportunities (AKC) of the German Physical Society was founded 10 years ago. Its major task is to advocate for the interests of female physicists in the German Physical Society and society in general. The AKC strives for: better frameworks and structures for women in physics, equal opportunities for male and female physicists, increased numbers of female physicists in leading positions in academia and industry, and the promotion of young female physicists.
Tuning passive, semi-active, and fully active suspension systems (2003)

A quarter car model is used to investigate the tuning of the damping for passive, on/off semiactive, continuously variable semiactive, and fully active suspensions. For the semiactive and fully active suspensions, the control algorithms are limited to feedback schemes based on absolute and relative velocity measurements. Ride comfort, road holding, and suspension travel are investigated with random input velocity to simulate road roughness. The application of a disturbance force to the sprung mass is used to investigate body control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review of Current Dengue Treatment and Therapeutics in Development (2014)

Dengue is a positive stranded RNA virus with an 11kb genome, encoding a polyprotein precursor cleaved to generate at least 10 proteins, including three structural proteins (core, membrane associated protein, and envelope protein), and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4b, NS5) (Figure DENV is transmitted by silent, urban mosquito vectors, including Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis and A. scutellaris, to man [3]. Other modes of transmission include via blood products, organ transplant, and vertical transmission There are four serotypes (1-4) of
Dynamic expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in reproductive organs of female mice (2011)

Various members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family have been shown to regulate mammalian follicular development by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. In situ hybridization studies have shown expression of BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2 in the granulosa cells and oocyte of most of the follicles in the ovary, suggesting that these cells have the capacity to respond to BMP signaling. Although much is known about BMP4 signaling, its expression pattern in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of BMP4 and its downstream target proteins (pSMAD1/5/8) in the FRT. In the ovary, BMP4 protein was detected in all the stages of follicular development. Staining for pSMAD1/5/8 was observed in granulosa cells and oocytes of all the stages of follicular development including primordial follicles, suggesting that these follicles are responsive to autocrine/paracrine BMP signaling. In the uterus, BMP4 and pSMAD1/5/8 staining was observed in all three compartments and strongest expression was observed during the estrus phase. BMP4- and pSMAD1/5/8-specific staining was also observed in oviductal epithelium. Different forms (apparent MW: 50, 35, and 15 kDa) of BMP4 were detected in mouse ovary by western blot analysis. In conclusion, these results have defined BMP4 and pSMAD1/5/8 protein expression in the mouse FRT and highlighted the importance of BMP4 in folliculogenesis.
Multipath routing algorithm for device-to-device communications for public safety over LTE Heterogeneous Networks (2014)

One advantage of integrating small cells in cellular networks is to achieve Device to-Device (D2D) communications. The aim of performing D2D over small cells is to offload the Macro cells and also to assure the Public Safety (PS) exchange information especially during Disaster Management (DM), while the radio resources are unavailable totally or partially, or when the macro cell coverage doesn't reach the emergency area. This paper presents a new solution for multipath routing for D2D communications for Public Safety over Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). The proposed algorithm named Load Balancing Based Selective Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Victor (LBS-AOMDV) is an enhancement of the AOMDV scheme. One particularity of LBS-AOMDV is offering the information about the available bandwidth of each route within the multipath. Furthermore, it reduces the control traffic by decreasing the number of nodes receiving the RREQ requests. This is feasible since the RREQ senders select the node, which can receive the packets. In this way, LBS-AOMDV is a selective AOMDV. The simulation results show that LBS-AOMDV significantly reduces the number of RREQ in the network comparing with AOMDV. In addition, unlike AOMDV, only feasible paths are selected to form the multipath routes. In other words, the selected paths by LBS-AOMDV are able to meet the requirement of the Quality of Service (QoS) in the network.
Application constraints in the design of an automatic reading device for analog display instruments (2002)

An analysis system design based on experience with a successful application in the field of inspection and calibration of an analog display measuring instrument is presented in this paper. First the measuring instrument is divided into its primitiva, defining the a priori known parameter of the primitiva: shape, relative position and size. According to the shape of the primitiva pattern recognition algorithms are used to detect the primitiva in intensity images. These independent detection algorithms are then grouped into a detecting order with respect to efficiency. Following a discussion of the general design of the detecting algorithm, specific constraints of the application and the industrial environment are considered in order to refine the general design to an applicable and efficient device by modifying both hardware and software configuration depending on the given constraints. Finally, results of the implementation of the algorithm and the constructed image acquisition device are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel outer-rotor permanent-magnet flux-switching machine for urban electric vehicle propulsion (2009)

A novel twelve-stator-pole, twenty-two-rotor-pole (12/22) outer-rotor permanent-magnet flux-switching (PMFS) machine for electric propulsion in a lightweight electric vehicle is presented. Analytical equations are derived for the dimensioning of a 3-phase 5kW in-wheel motor. Optimisation techniques are employed to maximise the performance of the machine. The validity of the analytical equations is verified by finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the PMFS machine combines the key advantages of the PM machines and the switched reluctance machine, and thus demonstrate the viability of the proposed machine as a suitable candidate for in-wheel electric propulsion.
Non Verbal Communication: What, Why, and How (1980)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsArthur E. GarnerDrs. Art Garner and Leila Acklen are both members of the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Memphis State University in Memphis, Tennessee and are active in middle school staff development activities.Leila M. AcklenDrs. Art Garner and Leila Acklen are both members of the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Memphis State University in Memphis, Tennessee and are active in middle school staff development activities.
RESIN BOND STRENGTH TO SILICOATED METAL (1992)

The effect of air abrasion particle size on the shear bond strengths of a silicoated metal surface was evaluated. Eighty square metal specimens were prepared by casting Rexillium III into 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 mm units. One side of the metal specimens was ground flat to a 600 grit. Forty of the specimens were air abraded with 50‐micron and 40 with 250‐micron aluminum oxide. All specimens were then silicoated. Microfil Pontic was applied to the silicoated surface in a cylindrically shaped matrix (3.66 mm in diameter). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. One group was tested at 24 hours (20 of the 50‐micron and 20 of the 250‐micron), while the second group (20 of the 50‐micron and 20 of the 250‐micron) was thermocycled (2,500 cycles at 6°C‐60°C). The specimens were stressed to fracture in an Instron testing machine with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. At 24 hours, the 250‐micron air abraded surface had a higher mean bond strength (21.79 MPa ± 5.02) than the 50‐micron group (18.92 MPa ± 4.48). After thermocycling, the mean bond strengths were practically identical: the 250‐micron group was 17.04 ± 4.49 and the 50‐micron group was 17.05 MPa±4.43. When this data was subjected to a t‐test, no statistical difference (p ± 0.05) was found between the 50‐micron and 250‐micron air abraded groups either at 24 hours or after thermocycling. However, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in bond strength of the 250‐micron group after thermocycling when compared to the 24‐hour group.
Steady-state and transient stability of 500 kV long-distance AC transmission lines with magnetically controlled shunt reactors (2005)

The application of controllable shunt compensation by magnetically controlled shunt reactors is considered for improving the characteristics (normal operation, small signal and transient stability) of 500 kV long-distance transmission systems. First 500 kV, 180 MVA magnetically controlled shunt reactors are currently considered to be installed at the 1000 km AC transmission systems, such as line between Ural and Siberia regions (Russia) as well as Kazakhstan North-South Interconnections. The proposed type of AC transmission system may be used as a reliable interconnection between the distant power systems. It has proved to have a very good properties in damping low frequency inter-area oscillations when using appropriate control systems.
Principles of Critical Care: Companion Handbook (1993)

Based on a single-source reference on critical care medicine, this pocket-sized manual provides clinicians and residents with instant guidance on critical situations. Its coverage includes complications, oxygen delivery, multiple system organ failure, trauma, burns, transplantation, infectious disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular disorders, haematological and oncologic disorders, renal disorders, endocrinologic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, perioperative and peripartum critical illness, overdosing and poisoning, and pharmacology.
Paper Engineering & Pop-ups For Dummies (2009)

Covers a wide range of paper work projects, from greeting cards to freestanding models and features easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions and dozens of accompanying diagrams.
COMMON OFFSET PLANE MIGRATION (COPMIG)* (1980)

A bstract The quality of results of migration before stack is sensitive to inaccuracies in the velocity field applied. This does not hold if only traces of similar sources‐receiver distances (common offset traces) enter the migration process. In this case, velocity deviations generate minor shifts in travel times of migrated interfaces but no deterioration in quality. These time shifts are proportional to both the velocity error and the square of the source‐receiver distance. The above observations suggest the following migration scheme: migrate separately the traces of the various common offset planes or groups of neighbouring common offset planes; for every common midpoint plane and as a function of travel‐time perform a residual NMO search to find trajectories t ) = t ) o + px ) 2 of maximum coherency along which migrated events are aligned; correct for residual NMO and stack the migration results obtained in the various common offset planes to obtain the final migration result. This process not only takes care of inaccurate migration velocities but also corrects partly for effects of refraction. It is shown by means of an example that good migration results are generated even with a considerably deviating velocity field.
Using XML to integrate existing software systems into the Web (2003)

The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is not only a language for communication between humans and the Web, it is also a language for communication between programs. Rather than passing parameters, programs can pass documents from one to another, containing not only pure data, but control information as well. Even legacy programs written in ancient languages such as COBOL and PL/I can be adapted by means of interface reengineering to the process and to generate XML documents. This paper intends to describe the process and the tools required to accomplish that goal and to present three cases - one for online, one for batch and one for subprograms - to illustrate how XML may be used to integrate existing software systems into the Web.
Cisplatin chemoprotection and rescue: pharmacologic modulation of toxicity. (1991)

Although cisplatin is one of the most important antitumor agents yet developed, associated toxicities continue to limit its potential usefulness. Depending on the cisplatin dose and method of administration, limiting toxicities may include nephropathy, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, or even myelosuppression. Recent therapeutic strategies such as hypertonic saline have proven successful in reducing the incidence of renal insufficiency, thus allowing cisplatin dose escalation to the level of 200 mg/m2 per 28-day cycle. Unfortunately, ototoxicity and a cumulative dose-related peripheral neuropathy have recently emerged as additional dose-limiting toxicities. One method of optimizing the therapeutic index of cisplatin is the concurrent administration of chemoprotective or rescue therapy. Ideally, an effective rescue agent would selectively reduce cisplatin-related side effects without reversing its antitumor activity. Three chemoprotective agents currently undergoing evaluation--WR-2721 (ethiofos), DDTC (diethyldithiocarbamate), and ORG-2766--have demonstrated preclinical efficacy. Clinical trials now in progress suggest that each agent may offer unique advantages, but many questions remain regarding the optimal use of these agents.
Reputation Network Analysis for Email Filtering. (2004)

In addition to traditional spam detection applications, new methods of filtering messages -- including whitelist and social network based filters -- are being investigated to further improve on mail sorting and classification. In this paper, we present an email scoring mechanism based on a social network augmented with reputation ratings. We present an algorithm for inferring reputation ratings between individuals and demonstrate through experiments that it is accurate based on current data. We then integrate those scores into a mail application, TrustMail, to show how they may be used in combination with other techniques for sorting and filtering mail.
Toward a More Complete (and Less Controversial) Understanding of Energy Expenditure and Its Role in Obesity Pathogenesis (2010)

The global obesity epidemic has stimulated intense interest in the study of homeostatic mechanisms governing the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure over time, and recent progress in gene targeting and related technologies has pushed mouse models to the forefront of this effort. Although current methods for the measurement of energy expenditure (EE) in mice are sensitive, reproducible, and widely available, their potential to inform the study of obesity remains limited by controversy regarding how best to control for the powerful, independent impact on EE of variation in body size per se (1,2). In this article, we briefly review the recent work that has fueled this controversy and propose an approach to its resolution. We also highlight aspects of EE measurement relevant to obesity pathogenesis that merit additional study. Although we focus on studies in mice, the principles presented can be applied to most other animal models.

Dramatic increases in the prevalence of obesity and its burden of health and economic consequences heighten the need for new insights into mechanisms that govern energy balance. At a superficial level, the problem of obesity resolves to simple math: energy balance, defined as the difference between rates of EE and energy intake (EI), sums over time to determine body energy content stored as fat mass (FM). Hence, obesity can be seen as the consequence of a sustained increase of energy intake relative to energy expenditure. This simplistic thermodynamic explanation, however, belies a far more complex pathophysiology that is crucial for understanding why weight loss is so difficult to achieve and sustain in obese individuals. At the core of this complexity is a biological process termed energy homeostasis, through which energy intake and expenditure are matched over long time intervals to promote the stability of FM. This process is influenced by …
Na<sub>V</sub>1.8 channels are expressed in large, as well as small, diameter sensory afferent neurons (2012)

Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) express a subset of voltage dependent sodium channels (NaV) including NaV1.1, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9. Previous work supported preferential localization of NaV1.8 channels to small-medium diameter, nociceptive afferent neurons. However, we recently published evidence that NaV1.8 was the dominant NaV channel expressed in the somas of small, medium and large diameter muscle afferent neurons, which is consistent with other reports. Here, we extend those results to show that NaV1.8 expression is not correlated with afferent neuron diameter. Using immunocytochemistry, we found NaV1.8 expression in ~50% of sensory afferent neurons with diameters ranging from 20 to 70 µm. In addition, electrophysiological analysis shows that the kinetic and inactivation properties of NaV1.8 current are invariant with neuron size. These data add further support to the idea that NaV1.8 contributes to the electrical excitability of both nociceptive and non-nociceptive sensory neurons.
Friction and wear of plasma-sprayed NiO based coatings (1974)

The friction and wear characteristics of plasma-sprayed NiO–CaF2 coatings on Incomel 601 substrates were studied at 760 °C and load of 5.17×104 N/m2. The rubbing surface was a lithia alumina silicate ceramic matrix simulating a rotating heat exchanger for use in automotive gas turbines. Average friction coefficients varied from 0.28 to 0.58 with coating wear rates of 0.2 to 2.1×10−3 cm/100 h. Optimum wear performance was achieved for the prespray composition 92/8 weight % NiO/CaF2.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer [TR-FRET] Assays for Biochemical Processes (2016)

Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) is a fluorescence based technique which enables the analysis of molecular interactions in biochemical processes. Principle of TR-FRET is based on time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) measurement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor and acceptor molecules. To generate FRET signal, donor and acceptor molecules must show spectral overlap and should be in close proximity to each other and display suitable dipole orientation. The specific signal is acquired from molecules of interest via interactions of donor and acceptor molecules. TR-FRET technique is widely used for studying kinase assays, cellular signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, DNA-protein interactions, and receptor-ligand binding. There are various propriety applications of TR-FRET. Two different sample protocols are summarized in this review.
The use of silver sulphadiazine occlusive dressings for finger-tip injuries (1981)

A prospective trial was performed, comparing the use of silver sulphadiazine occlusive dressings with Fucidin gauze compressive dressings in the treatment of injuries to the finger-tip in patients presenting at the casualty department. Sixty-four patients were seen, four of whom had severe injury with extensive loss of pulp. The time taken for the wound to heal, the incidence of infection, and the duration of absence from work were compared for both types of treatment. The results showed that silver sulphadiazine occlusive dressings were the most effective in the treatment of these injuries even when they were severe.
Pownall on Smith on colonies (1992)

As early as 1776, Thomas Pownall published a review of the Wealth of Nations in the form of a letter to its author, that may help us analyse a much-debated issue in our discipline: Adam smith's thought on colonies. Both friends and enemies of the empire took comfort in the Wealth of Nations. Accordingly, Smith's ambiguities on the subject have been pointed out by specialists, from Henry Brougham and Jeremy Bentham in the early days of the nineteenth century down to Bernard Semmel in 1970. On the other hand, Donald winch and others have forcibly argued that Smith's imperial 'project', so heartily supported later by J.S. Nicholson and the liberal imperialists, accounts for no more than a ballon d'essai. And the best textbooks in the history of economic thought at present coincide in placing Adam smith within the classical stream of hostility towards colonies.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Halophilic and Highly Halotolerant <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> Strain MFB021 (2014)

We report the 4.25-Mbp first draft sequence of Gammaproteobacteria strain MFB021, a moderate halophile isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil in Cochin, India. The genome of the strain MFB021 was sequenced to understand the mechanism of hydrocarbon degradation and the halophilicity of the bacterium.