gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The Impact and Evolution of a Global Menace (2017)

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a serious public health threat. Infections due to these organisms are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms of drug resistance in gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are numerous; β-lactamase genes carried on mobile genetic elements are a key mechanism for the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant GNB worldwide. Transmissible carbapenem-resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has been recognized for the last 2 decades, but global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a more recent problem that, once initiated, has been occurring at an alarming pace. In this article, we discuss the evolution of CRE, with a focus on the epidemiology of the CPE pandemic; review risk factors for colonization and infection with the most common transmissible CPE worldwide, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae; and present strategies used to halt the striking spread of these deadly pathogens.
A Universal Strategy for Development of a Method for Absolute Quantification of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Biological Matrices Using Differential Dimethyl Labeling Coupled with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Although the strategic use of enzymatic digestion combined with isotope dilution mass spectrometry has been increasingly developed and used for the absolute quantification of therapeutic and endogenous proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry over the past several years, the lack of an appropriate internal standard has become the rate-limiting step in the development of a standardized analytical approach to provide bioanalytical support for both preclinical and clinical studies. In this study, we present a universal strategy for fast development and validation (within 1-2 weeks) of a method for absolute quantification of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody in biological matrices using differential dimethyl labeling coupled with UPLC-MS/MS. Differential dimethyl labeling of tryptic peptides generated from the purified therapeutic monoclonal antibody and those derived from proteins in cynomolgus monkey serum with either d(2)- or d(0)-formaldehyde provided a fast, cost-effective, and standardized approach to generate internal standards for any surrogate peptides that are used to quantify the therapeutic monoclonal antibody in biological matrices. This labeling reaction employs inexpensive and commercially available reagents, d(0)- or d(2)-formaldehyde, to globally label the N-terminus and epsilon-amino group of Lys in a peptide via reductive amination. Moreover, the process is simple, relatively fast (<2 h reaction time), specific, and quantitative under mild reaction conditions. The chromatographic run time is 6 min per sample. The linearity of the assay for the selected monoclonal antibody was established from 1.00 to 1000 mug/mL with accuracy and precision within 15% at all concentrations. The intraday and interday assay accuracy (%RE) and coefficient of variations (CV%) are all within 15% for all QCs (2.00, 4.00, 20.0, 100, 750 mug/mL) prepared in three different serum pools from male and female cynomolgus monkeys.
Degradation mechanisms in operational amplifier precision rectifiers (1995)

Two principal degradation mechanisms that are generally present in op-amp precision rectifiers have been studied in detail. The process of rectification increases the spectral content, and subsequent band-limited signal processing causes a "loss in depth" at the zero-crossings. The second source of degradation is caused by diode feedback nonlinearity effects that cause the op-amp to become open loop, and this results in a missing segment in the final output. Total harmonic distortion is an inadequate figure of merit to quantify these two effects, and so an alternative is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modular network for direct complete addition of delta-modulated signals with minimum quantization error (1985)

Abstract A modular network for direct addition of several delta-modulated signals is designed and discussed. This network is a complete adder, in contrast to the delta adder which averages the input signals. The addition process of the proposed adder is optimum in the sense that it minimizes the quantization error due to the operation. The design problems raised by the scaling-down properties of delta adders can be now overcome.
Case studies in organizational behavior modification / (1978)

This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document.While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality
Liquid metal cooled divertor for ARIES (1995)

A liquid metal, Ga-cooled divertor design was completed for the double null ARIES-II divertor design. The design analysis indicated a surface heat flux removal capability of up to 15 MW/m{sup 2}, and its relative easy maintenance. Design issues of configuration, thermal hydraulics, thermal stresses, liquid metal loop and safety effects were evaluated. For coolant flow control, it was found that it is necessary to use some part of the blanket cooling ducts for the draining of liquid metal from the top divertor. In order to minimize the inventory of Ga, it was recommended that the liquid metal loop equipment should be located as close to the torus as possible. More detailed analysis of transient conditions especially under accident conditions was identified as an issue that will need to be addressed.
Actions of benzodiazepines on the inotropy of the perfused rat heart. (1993)

The inotropic responses of four benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam and the more recently developed adinazolam and alprazolam) have been studied in a Langendorff heart preparation of the rat. Added to the perfusate in increasing concentrations (2 x 10(-5) to 6 x 10(-4) M), diazepam induced a concentration-dependent biphasic effect on the contractile force (n = 12), and, in low concentrations (2 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-4) M), a significant enhancement which diminished after concentrations higher than 1 x 10(-4) M were applied. The increase in contractile force was preceded by a transient short-lasting concentration-dependent inhibition. Midazolam (2 x 10(-5) to 6 x 10(-4) M) produced a significant concentration-dependent increase in heart contractile force which diminished at the highest concentrations. The maximum increase was only half that caused by diazepam (60 and 140%, respectively). Adinazolam and alprazolam, in the range of 2 x 10(-8) to 2 x 10(-7) M and 6 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-5) M, respectively, produced a marked concentration-dependent and short-lasting increase in inotropy (maximum response = 290 and 180%, respectively). Propranolol (10(-7) M) antagonized the inotropic effects of both diazepam and midazolam, whereas the positive inotropic response to alprazolam remained unchanged. This study shows that benzodiazepines may elicit both positive and negative concentration-dependent inotropic responses in the isolated rat heart. Differences between the drugs tested are both qualitative and quantitative. The newer benzodiazepines adinazolam and alprazolam are more powerful in increasing contractile force, as judged from the maximum response, even at relatively low concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association of chronic cystic mastopathy, xeromammographic patterns, and cancer (1985)

The Breast Cancer Demonstration and Detection Project in Louisville (BCDDP-L) screened 10,128 women for cancer. From this screening, another project evolved wherein those patients diagnosed as having chronic cystic mastopathy (CCM) were followed over a 10-year period to evaluate any association between CCM and breast cancer. In all, 1396 breast biopsies were performed, with 165 cancers being diagnosed either on initial screening or during subsequent years. Three of these are excluded, since histopathologic slides could not be obtained for central review. Of this group, cancer was associated with CCM in 116 specimens and without CCM in 46 specimens. One subset of 355 patients with biopsy-proven CCM but no breast cancer was followed for 6 to 12 years, for a total of 2443.5 woman-years of observation. Within this subset, a total of only four cancers occurred (4 cancers/2443.5 woman-years for 0.00164 cancers/woman-years). This incidence is not significantly different from the expected value. However, an estimate is provided as to the power of the test that could be obtained from a larger sample size derived from other BCDDPs. This group of 355 women was sorted into subsets by establishing a matrix matching ten histopathologic subdivisions of CCM against six subdivisions of Wolfe's xeromammographic (XM) patterns. The numbers of cancers in each cell of this matrix is reported. The results found no concentration of these four cancers in this matrix.
Automated Optimal Design of Input Filters for Direct AC/AC Matrix Converters (2011)

This paper presents a novel method to design the input filter for a direct ac/ac matrix converter using genetic algorithms (GA) optimization. The input filter for a matrix converter is a very important and critical part of the conversion structure and careful design is necessary to ensure high input power quality, compactness, and stability. The GA will optimize structure and parameters of the input filter as a function of different factors such as energy storage, weight, and volume. The effectiveness of this design method is demonstrated through a wide range of simulations using Saber and experimental results on a laboratory prototype. The same methodology could also be adapted and applied to any converter configuration such as, for example, traditional voltage source converters.
Interobserver Reproducibility of Cervical Cytologic and Histologic Interpretations<SUBTITLE>Realistic Estimates From the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study</SUBTITLE> (2001)

Interpretive variability is substantial for all types of cervical specimens. Histopathology of cervical biopsies is not more reproducible than monolayer cytology, and even the interpretation of LEEP results is variable. Given the degree of irreproducibility that exists among well-trained pathologists, realistic performance expectations should guide use of their interpretations.
FOOD ALLERGIES AND AVOIDANCE DIETS (1999)

Dr. Taylor is professor and head of the Department of Food Science and Technology and director of the Food Processing Center at the I University of Nebraska, Lincoln. In addition, he serves with Dr. Hefle as co-director of the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program at the University of Nebraska, a program designed to conduct research on allergenic i foods, compile resource materials on allergenic foods, and provide training on ' the nature and prevention of food allergies. The Food Allergy Research and \ Resource Program is funded by a consortium of food companies. Dr. Taylor serves on the Medical Advisory Board ' of the Food Allergy Network, on the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Allergy and Immunology Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute, and on the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Address correspondence to Steve L. Taylor, Ph.D., University of
Embedded Wavelet-Based Image Compression: State of the Art (2003)

Summary The architecture of modern image-compression algorithms built upon the embedded coding of wavelet coefficients is reviewed. The production of coefficients from wavelet filter banks is described along with the subsequent partitioning into significant and insigificant coefficient sets via bitplane coding. An overview of the zerotree and contextconditioning mechanisms for coding binary maps of significant coefficients is presented, and other less prominent approaches to significance-map coding are surveyed. Additionally, common approaches to refinement- and sign-bit coding are considered. Finally, the rate-distortion performance is empirically evaluated for several coders representative of each class, including the prominent Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm and the recent JPEG-2000 standard. Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag geht auf eingebettete Wavelet-basierte Bildkompressionsverfahren ein, wie sie zum Beispiel im neuen JPEG-2000 Standard zum Einsatz kommen. Diskrete Wavelet Transformationen im Zusammenspiel mit der Aufteilung der Koeffizienten in signifikante und nichtsignifikante Koeffizienten, die wahrend der Kodierung eine herausragende Rolle spielt, werden beschrieben. Der Beitrag schliest mit einer empirischen Auswertung verschiedener Kodierer einschlieslich des bekannten Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) Algorithmus.
Association of the major histocompatibility complex with avian leukosis virus infection in chickens (1992)

1. Association of the B blood group, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in chickens, with avian leukosis virus (ALV) infection shown by shedding of group-specific (gs) antigen was studied in an Australorp line selected for short oviposition interval to improve egg production. Three haplotypes (B8a, B9a and B21) were segregating in this line at frequencies of 66.7, 15.6 and 17.8%, respectively, averaged over three generations. 2. The relative risk (odds ratio) of a hen becoming a gs-antigen shedder was calculated for progenies of the dams shedding gs-antigen and those of non-shedding dams separately and pooled over three generations. In the progenies of shedding dams, the relative risk was not significantly different from 1.0 for the three haplotypes. In contrast, in the progenies of non-shedding dams, the relative risk was 0.67, 0.48 and 2.53 for B8a, B9a and B21, respectively, with the last two ratios being significantly different from 1.0. 3. The average effect of haplotype substitution on probability of shedding was estimated from a linear logistic model. The estimates (relative to zero for B8a) for B9a and B21, respectively, were -0.26 and 0.03 among the progenies of shedding dams, and -0.16 and 0.87 among the progenies of non-shedding dams. The last estimate only was highly significant. 4. These results suggest that the three haplotypes were similar in susceptibility to congenital infection through hatching eggs, but differed in susceptibility to post-hatching infection from other infected birds.
Dynamic Self-Calibration in Collaborative Wireless Networks Using Belief Propagation with Gaussian Particle Filtering (2007)

Belief propagation (BP) is considered as a prominent information processing framework for wireless networks recently. However, infeasible computation and communication requirement involved in applications entailing non-discrete distributions limits its use in practical situations with resource constraints. In this paper, based on some previous work, we further investigate an effective approach to address the message representation/approximation problem in BP algorithms, exploiting the recently proposed Gaussian particle filtering technique. The effectiveness of our approach is testified through the dynamic self-calibration problem in wireless networks. This framework can also be readily extended to address various applications in general distributed networks.
Bronchitis and Nematode Infestation (1964)

special subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Utilization in Anodic Rhodium Oxide Films Pulsed in Carbonate‐Buffered Saline. (1989)

Abstract The electrochemical properties of hydrous rhodium oxide films, prepared by activation of Rh metal in alkaline solutions, are studied in carbonate‐buffered saline solutions (pH 7.3).
Characterization of Species-Specific Repeats in 613 Prokaryotic Species (2012)

Prokaryotes are in general believed to possess small, compactly organized genomes, with repetitive sequences forming only a small part of them. Nonetheless, many prokaryotic genomes in fact contain species-specific repeats (>85 bp long genomic sequences with less than 60% identity to other species) as we have previously demonstrated. However, it is not known at present how frequent such species-specific repeats are and what their functional roles in bacterial genomes may be. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive survey of prokaryotic species-specific repeats and characterized them to examine as to whether there are functional classes among different repeats or not and how they are mutually related to each other. Of the 613 distinct prokaryotic species analyzed, 97% were found to contain at least one species-specific repeats. It seems interesting to note that the species-specific repeats thus identified appear to be functionally variable in different genomes: in some genomes, they are mostly associated with duplicated protein-coding genes, whereas in some other genomes with rRNA and tRNA genes. Contrary to what may be expected, only one-fourth of the species-specific repeats were found to be associated with mobile genetic elements.
Application Technology for Crop Protection (1993)

Safety aspects and legislation trends droplet production methods for measuring spray droplet sizes spray tracing techniques spray drift operator contamination application to field crops - manually carried equipment large-scale ground-based application techniques application to plantation crops aerial application to ground crops aerial application to forests glasshouse treatment effects of adjuvants in foliar herbicide sprays storage treatment chemigation seed treatment.
Variable <i>var</i> transition rates underlie antigenic variation in malaria (2004)

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes where it plays a central role in both infected erythrocytes cytoadhesion and immune evasion. Switches in clonal expression of PfEMP1 result in antigenic variation that facilitates long-term chronic infection of the host. The var gene family encodes PfEMP1 variants, with transcriptional switching between different var variants providing the molecular basis for antigenic variation. Despite the importance of var transcriptional switching in the evasion of the immune response, little is known about the way in which this process is regulated. Here we report the measurement of transition on and off rates for a series of var gene variants. We find ( i ) that on and off rates for a given variant are dissimilar, ( ii ) that these rates vary dramatically among different variants, and ( iii ) that in isogenic clones expressing the same var gene, both on and off rates are constant and appear to be an intrinsic property of that particular gene. These data would suggest that the information that determines the probability of the activation or silencing of var genes is present in their surrounding DNA. Furthermore, some transitions appear to be disallowed depending on the recent variant antigen expression history of the parasite clone. These findings have important implications for both the underlying molecular mechanisms of antigenic variation and the processes that promote chronicity of infection in vivo .
A Highly Practical and Enantioselective Reagent for the Allylation of Aldehydes (2003)

Strain at silicon is the key to success of reagent 1 since this strain, which is induced by the diazasilacyclopentane ring, determines its reactivity. This practical and general new reagent for the highly enantioselective allylation of aldehydes is easily prepared as an air-stable solid and may be stored without significant decomposition. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z50425_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Scalable Carrier-Grade DPI System Architecture Using Synchronization of Flow Information (2014)

In this paper, the concept of deep packet inspection (DPI) is explained, and technical issues in deployment of DPI systems in a backbone network of Internet service provider (ISP) are mainly discussed. First, technologies of content identification using DPI are briefly explained, and types of clustering mechanisms that support a large bandwidth with a number of DPI systems are dealt with in detail. Second, a flow synchronization-based DPI architecture is introduced in order to achieve high scalability in system configuration and identification accuracy without rerouting of data flows. Based on the proposed architecture, flow information synchronization and adaptive traffic control using polling-based bandwidth arbitration and virtual queue synchronization are proposed, so that flows, which are randomly distributed over DPI modules by asymmetric routing, can be identified and controlled accurately. The proposed system architecture is practically manufactured as a 40-Gb/s system with four 10-Gb/s DPI modules, and performances of the proposed mechanisms are proved by practical tests that are executed using real traffic in an ISP backbone network. Finally, the scalability and the flexibility of the proposed mechanisms are reviewed from the viewpoint of enabling technologies of smart networks.
Strongly nonlinear magnetosonic waves and ion acceleration (1998)

The electromagnetic fields associated with a nonlinear compressional Alfvén wave propagating perpendicular to an arbitrarily strong external magnetic field are derived. While recovering the known properties of nonlinear Alfvén waves in the weakly magnetized regime, new scaling laws are found for the strongly magnetized case. It is shown that the electric field increases only with the first power of the external magnetic field strength for the strongly magnetized and high phase velocity case relevant for ion acceleration to high energies. An experimental setup suitable for the pickup and acceleration of background plasma ions that is not subjected to detrapping of ions due to a v×B acceleration is sketched.
Size-dependent Hamaker constants for silver and gold nanoparticles (2015)

Hamaker-Lifshitz constants are material specific constants that are used to calculate van der Waals interaction forces between small particles in solution. Typically, these constants are size-independent and material specific. According to the Lifshitz theory, the Hamaker-Lifshitz constants can be calculated by taking integrals that include the dielectric permittivity, as a function of frequency, of the interacting particles and the medium around particles. The dielectric permittivity of interacting metal nanoparticles can be calculated using the Drude model, which is based on the assumption of motion of free conducting electrons. For bulk metals, the Drude model does not predict any sizedependence of the dielectric permittivity. However, the conducting electrons in small noble metal nanoparticles (R ~ 10nm) exhibit surface scattering, which changes the complex permittivity function. In this work, we show theoretically that scattering of the free conducting electrons inside silver and gold nanoparticles with the size of 1 – 50 nm leads to size-dependent dielectric permittivity and Hamaker-Lifshitz constants. We calculate numerically the Hamaker-Lifshitz constants for silver and gold nanoparticles with different diameters. The results of the study might be of interests for understanding colloidal stability of metal nanoparticles.