gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributions of 12 elements on 64 absorbers from simulated Hanford Neutralized Current Acid Waste (NCAW) (1994)

As part of the Hanford Tank Waste Remediation System program at Los Alamos, we evaluated 64 commercially available or experimental absorber materials for their ability to remove hazardous components from high-level waste. These absorbers included cation and anion exchange resins, inorganic exchangers, composite absorbers, and a series of liquid extractants sorbed on porous support-beads. We tested these absorbers with a solution that simulates Hanford neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) (pH 14.2). To this simulant solution we added the appropriate radionuclides and used gamma spectrometry to measure fission products (Cs, Sr, Tc, and Y) and matrix elements (Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, and Zr). For each of 768 element/absorber combinations, we measured distribution coefficients for dynamic contact periods of 30 min, 2 h, and 6 h to obtain information about sorption kinetics. On the basis of these 2304 measured distribution coefficients, we determined that many of the tested absorbers may be suitable for processing NCAW solutions.
Height-diameter equations for sixteen tree species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon (1988)

Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for 16 tree species from the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Foresters can use these height-diameter equations to avoid the time consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an inventory, a stand exam, or a timber cruise. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. Because site index can influence height, alternative equations including transformations of site index as an independent variable also are presented for 6 of these 16 species.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl Oxacycles (2011)

Cyclic and acyclic propargylic carbonates undergo unusual palladium-catalyzed cyclization reactions to give 2-alkynyl oxacycles.
Design and analysis of multiple-beam reflector antennas (1999)

Simplified design and analysis equations are presented for multiple-beam reflector antennas based on the Gaussian-beam analysis of the primary and secondary patterns. The derived equations are useful for the quick design and performance analysis in terms of the coverage-area directivity and the inter-beam isolation of multiple-beam antenna systems. Results of the analysis given in this paper agree well with rigorous computations based on physical-optics analysis of the reflector-antenna radiation patterns. Extension of the analysis to multiple-beam lens antennas, and to shaped/contoured-beam antennas, is also presented.
How Managers Make Promotion Decisions (1984)

This paper examines how management promotion decisions are made in a large organisation, drawing upon interview and survey data and the results of a decision‐making simulation completed by managers at three organisational levels. The findings describe the relationship between elements of decision process, such as the number of candidates considered to fill a vacancy, and the types of information available and the decision outcome. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of how individual needs and desires formulated during career planning may be taken into account when making promotion decisions. The paper concludes with recommendations for making promotion decisions.
The use of a constrained acetabular component for recurrent dislocation. (2001)

The poor results of surgical treatment of chronic instability after total hip arthroplasty (THA) led to the development of a constrained acetabular component. In this study, 87 constrained THAs implanted for recurrent instability were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-five hips were available for follow-up evaluation, with an average follow-up period of 58 months. These 85 hips were evaluated at a minimum of 3 years. Two recurrent dislocations were seen, caused by dissociation of the liner from the shell. Four acetabular components and 1 femoral component were revised. Overall, a 2.4% dislocation rate and an 8.2% revision rate were seen. The recurrent dislocation rate of 2.4% represents a significant improvement over other methods reported. Repeat dislocation was only seen in dissociation of cemented liners into well-fixed shells. We do not recommend this mode of fixation.
A novel multicell silicon drift detector module for X-ray spectroscopy and imaging applications (2000)

A novel 61-cell silicon drift detector module is proposed for high-counting rates and high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and imaging applications at energies up to about 30 keV. Its hexagonal geometry with sloped sidewalls allows a buckyball arrangement. Up to 1860 cells of an active area of 5 mm/sup 2/ each can he reached at an average distance to the specimen of only 4.3 cm. An optimized electrical connection concept offers a vertical integration of a sensor array and signal processing electronics. Worst-case crosstalk of 0.3% (-50 dB) and signal loss of 7% (-24 dB) were derived from electrical field analysis. A sandwich of metal foils between the X-ray sensor and electronics reduces the dose of radiation at the electronics by more than eight orders of magnitude. Module-induced background fluorescence reaches its maximum at an incident energy of 13 keV, but remains below 10/sup -4/ of the incoming photon flux at all energies. Three-dimensional (3-D) simulations on thermal module behavior show that the use of graphite as housing material allows an operation with spatial inhomogeneities of <1/spl deg/C on the sensor's active area. Empirically, we found that the difference between the temperatures of the sensor and the heat sink depends linearly on the power dissipated by the electronics and sensor chip. The corresponding thermal resistances are 4.3 and 0.8 K/W.
Blind deconvolution for Doppler centroid estimation in high frequency SAR (1991)

For high-quality SAR (synthetic aperture radar) processing, the Doppler centroid frequency is needed. However, SAR data are sampled along the azimuth direction at the pulse repetition frequency (PRF); the estimation of the Doppler centroid frequency by means of spectral analysis techniques may produce ambiguous results due to aliases. The mathematical expression of the residual error that occurs when SAR data are focused with an incorrect alias of the PRF is thus derived. Then, a blind deconvolution technique is used to estimate the actual PRF replica from the focused image. Squinted X-band data, corresponding to those that will be generated by the SIR-C mission, have been generated from the JPL-AirSAR L- and C-band data by means of an inversion of the focusing process. Even if the real data may show differences with respect to the simulated data, the blind deconvolution method appears to be more precise and robust than the other conventional techniques tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Do current sports nutrition guidelines conflict with good oral health? (2017)

For optimal athletic performance, an athlete requires good oral health to reduce the risk of oral pain, inflammation, and infection and thereby minimize the use of analgesics and antimicrobial agents. Increased intake, frequency, and dental contact time of carbohydrate-rich foods, sports nutrition products, and acidic carbohydrate-containing sports and energy drinks may contribute to risks of dental erosion, caries, and inflammatory periodontal conditions in the athlete, especially when he or she also exhibits dehydration and poor oral hygiene habits. Examining the athlete before he or she begins participating in a sport allows the dental care provider to determine the patient's existing oral health, hygiene, and susceptibility to risk factors for erosion, caries, and inflammatory periodontal disease. This oral profile, in conjunction with the individual athlete's dietary needs, can be used to establish a treatment and preventive program, including oral health education. Good oral hygiene practices and application of topical fluoride, especially via fluoridated toothpastes and topical fluoride varnishes, must be available to the athlete. Rinsing with water or a neutral beverage after exposure to carbohydrates or acidic sports nutrition products may reduce carbohydrate contact time and bring oral pH levels back to neutral more quickly, reducing the risk of caries and erosion. Finally, the dentist should encourage the athlete to consult with an experienced sports dietitian to ensure that principles of sports nutrition are being appropriately applied for the type, frequency, and duration of exercise in consideration of the individual's oral health needs.
Organotransition-metal metallacarboranes. 31. Metallacarborane staircase oligomers. Stepwise assembly via tetradecker stacking reactions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganotransition-metal metallacarboranes. 31. Metallacarborane staircase oligomers. Stepwise assembly via tetradecker stacking reactionsXiangsheng Meng, Michal Sabat, and Russell N. GrimesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 14, 6143–6151Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00067a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multistep gradual rounding (1989)

A value V is to be rounded to an arbitrary precision resulting in the value V". Conventional rounding technique uses one step to accomplish this. Multistep rounding uses several steps to round the value V to successively shorter precisions with the final rounding step producing the desired value V". This alternate rounding method is one way to implement with the minimum of hardware, the denormalization process that the IEEE Floating-Point Standard 754 requires when underflow occurs. There are certain cases for which multistep rounding produces a different result than single-step rounding. To prevent such a step error, the author introduces a rounding procedure called gradual rounding that is very similar to conventional rounding with the addition of two tag bits associated with each floating-point register.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Consumer electronics: Stereophonic sound for television: Three transmission systems, vying for selection as the U.S. standard, are compared (1982)

Three transmission systems, vying for selection as the US standard, are compared. The sound quality will have to be comparable to that now transmitted by FM radio stations. The stereo-TV transmission standards are proposed by the Electronic Industries Association of Japan, Telesonics System Inc. and the Zenith Radio Corp. All three basic systems have undergone extensive testing by the Multichannel Sound Subcommittee of the Broadcast Television Systems Committee in the US Electronic Industries Association (EIA). The six performance objectives set by the EIA are given.
Optimization of building material properties for accurate indoor ray tracing models (2005)

A 3D ray-tracing program was divided into a geometric engine and an electromagnetic engine so that the electromagnetic engine could be used in an optimization program. The optimization program computed the 92 dielectric permittivity values of a ray tracing building floor plan to minimize the error between ray tracing and measurement peak powers. The results showed that the optimization is well behaved and can reduce the mismatch on a single measurement to about 1 dB or less in most cases. When several measurements are used, it is seen that the overall error between ray tracing predictions and measurements decreases as more measurements are used in the optimization. They also show that the optimized floor plan produces better ray tracing predictions including at the locations not used in the optimization. The proposed optimization program eliminates the tedious task of the manual "tweaking" of building material properties and produces an optimized floor plan that can be used by conventional ray tracing programs. It can be also used to discover weaknesses in ray tracing electromagnetic models.
Glia Crosstalk in Neuroinflammatory Diseases (2020)

Neuroinflammation constitutes a fundamental cellular process to signal the loss of brain homeostasis. Glial cells play a central role in orchestrating these neuroinflammation processes in both deleterious and beneficial ways. These cellular responses depend on their intercellular interactions with neurons, astrocytes, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and infiltrated T cells in the central nervous system (CNS). However, this intercellular crosstalk seems to be activated by specific stimuli for each different neurological scenario. This review summarizes key studies linking neuroinflammation with certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and for the development of better therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation.
Display content in advanced NVG and HMD systems: a pilot/flight surgeon's concerns (2008)

Night vision goggles have been in use for many years and limitations in their use have been well studied through training research and flight experience. However, advances in technology have led to improvements in NVG display capabilities and in some cases helmet mounted display (HMD) technology has begun replacing NVG systems. These advances have led to an increase in the complexity of imaged scene content, thus requiring a greater level of cognitive effort for interpretation, especially when compared to the images provided by current NVG systems. In some cases the complexity of visual imagery has resulted in systems not being classified as operationally suitable. This presentation will focus on a few of the problems noted while testing some of these advanced systems. Topics will include: added complexity of imagery in wide-field-of-view (WFOV) NVG systems, effects due to imagery created by sensors displaced from the normal eye position (increased interocular separation), effects due to imagery projected onto seethrough visor designs, and effects resulting from cockpit design/geometry (e.g., location and design of large-format head-down displays, and the position of structures such as window frames). Training concerns and potential mitigation strategies for HMD design concepts will also be covered. The issues discussed are important for manufacturers to understand during the early design phase, and for testers to understand during developmental or operational testing.
Hematopoietic cytokines current use in cancer therapy (1993)

The introduction of hematopoietic cytokines into the clinic has been rapid with three currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and perhaps a dozen more in clinical trials. Combinations of cytokines have been relatively unexplored in the clinics. Knowledge about the use of cytokines with chemotherapy has grown considerably in the past few years. The literature relating to use of cytokines in support of standard chemotherapy, marrow failure syndromes associated with malignant disease, and dose intensification not requiring progenitor cell replacement has been reviewed. This review does not address the use of cytokines to support bone marrow transplantation and collection of progenitor cells. Hematopoietic cytokines shorten the duration of cytopenia and decrease infectious complications when used to support standard chemotherapy regimens. However, several randomized trials have failed to show a benefit of such cytokine-supported treatment programs in terms of antitumor response, palliation, or survival. One exception is granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor used with aggressive but standard chemotherapy for high-risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cytokines decrease the infectious complications of myelodysplastic syndromes and may decrease transfusion requirements. Marked escalations in chemotherapy doses are possible with specific chemotherapy regimens. These increase complete remission rates although no benefit in survival or palliation has yet been proven. Cytokines have not been effective in allowing escalation of doses with certain chemotherapy agents and regimens. Cytokines decrease hematopoietic toxicity with standard or escalated chemotherapy doses. Randomized trials are now beginning to define the true patient benefit of this capability.
RCP hospitalaria: situación de los carros de parada y conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería (2009)

Objetivo: conocer la situacion de partida de nuestro hospital respecto a la RCP, a traves de la identificacion del estado de los carros de parada y del conocimiento y respuesta de los profesionales enfermeros a la RCP.
Material y metodos: se realizo un estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal en el Hospital Comarcal de Melilla. Elaborando un listado con el material que deberia componer el carro de parada (CP) y se evaluo la composicion de todos los carros de parada del hospital, asi como su ubicacion y estado de revision. Mediante un cuestionario de elaboracion propia se valoraron conocimientos acerca del CP, modelo de respuesta en caso de PCR y aspectos relativos a la formacion en RCP de los profesionales de Enfermeria.
Resultados: se analizaron un total de 13 CP, correspondientes a 12 unidades diferentes y ninguno de los CP analizados cumplia en su totalidad con los criterios establecidos. La estructura fisica de los 13 CP (100%) se encuentra en buen estado, sin embargo, la ubicacion de 8 (62%) de ellos no es la mas idonea y en ningun caso esta senalizada la ubicacion de los CP. El 94% de las 100 enfermeras encuestadas conoce la ubicacion del CP del servicio en que trabaja; el 44% avisa directamente al intensivista de guardia en caso de PCR; el 35% responde correctamente cual es la secuencia de ventilacion/compresion durante la resucitacion y solo el 5% conoce el concepto de las 4Hs y 4Ts.
Conclusiones: la deteccion del deficit referido a la asistencia al paro cardiorrespiratorio en nuestro hospital nos ha servido para acelerar el desarrollo de un Plan de Reanimacion Cardiopulmonar hospitalaria. La estrategia para la normalizacion del equipamiento de RCP ya se ha iniciado y el sistema de evaluacion de la asistencia al PCR se pondra en marcha proximamente.
Method to quantify live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilm by real-time PCR with propidium monoazide (2013)

Real-time PCR (qPCR) is a widely used technique in analysing environmental and clinical microbiological samples. However, its main limitation was its inability to discriminate between live and dead cells.Recently, propidium monoazide (PMA) together with qPCR has been used to overcome this problem, with good results for different bacterial species in different types of samples.Our objective was to implement this technique for analysing mortality in multi-species oral biofilms formed in vitro with five oral bacteria: Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. We also tested its effectiveness on biofilms treated with an antiseptic solution containing 0.07% w/w cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC).Standardisation of the qPCR-PMA method was performed on pure, heat-killed planktonic cultures of each species, detecting mortality higher than 4 log in S. oralis, S. gordonii and F. nucleatum and higher than 2 for V. parvula and P. intermedia. We obtained similar results for all species when using CPC.When we analysed biofilms with qPCR-PMA, we found that the mortality in the non-CPC treated multi-species biofilms was lower than 1 log for all species. After treatment with CPC, the viability reduction was higher than 4 log in S. oralis and S. gordonii, higher than 3 log in F. nucleatum and P. intermedia and approximately 2 in V. parvula.In short, we standardised the conditions for using qPCR-PMA in 5 oral bacterial species and proved its usefulness for quantification of live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilms formed in vitro, after use of an antiseptic.
The Plexin-B family and its role in cancer progression. (2014)

Plexins are transmembrane protein receptors for semaphorin molecules. These molecules are involved in numerous cellular activities related to cell proliferation, adhesion along with the basement membrane, cellular motility and invasive capability. All nine members of Plexins identified in vertebrates have been grouped into subclasses, termed Plexin-A, Plexin-B, Plexin-C and Plexin-D. Plexin-B consists of three members, namely Plexin-B1, Plexin-B2 and Plexin-B3. Plexin-B1 functionally interacts with Sema4A (Yukawa et al., 2010) and can also form heterodimer with Plexin-B2 for Sema4A binding (Nkyimbeng-Takwi and Chapoval, 2011). Plexin-B2 binds with Sema4C. Plexin-B3 mediates interaction with both Sema4G and Sema5A. Some semaphorines exist in a membrane-bound form only, whereas other family members can be found in tissues/fluids in both secreted and membrane-bound forms. This ligand-receptor interaction between sema4D and Plexin-B1 indicated in different signaling pathways results in many intriguing and interesting findings, highlighting its importance in both physiology and pathology. Apart from bidirectional signaling among these molecules, the involvement of Plexin-B1 in the processes described here directly involves a bidirectional singaling between Sema4Dand Plexin-B1. Being a high affinity receptor for both Sema4A and Sema4D, the role played by Plexin-B1 in cancer progression, metastasis and angiogenesis is still an area requiring further research. Activation of Sema4D mediated downstream effectors is largely influenced by cross talk of Plexin-B1 with other molecules, such as Her-2 and Met. In this review, all findings regarding Plexin-B1 upstream and downstream regulation and its putative involvement in relation to the ultimate fate of cancer cells are discussed.
THE DISTRIBUTION CONSTANT FOR EXCHANGE OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN WYOMING BENTONITE (1966)

The distribution constant for exchange of calcium and magnesium ions was determined in Wyoming bentonite suspensions with pH values varying from 3.5 to 9.2. Using a neutral salt to extract the exchangeable cations, the mean value of the distribution constant using ion activities in solution was found to be 1.06 and there was no significant difference in the constant at different pH values. Thus, the presence of Al ions in the acid preparations, the precipitation of hydroxy aluminum polymers on the clay surfaces at intermediate pH values, and the precipitation of excess base in the alkaline region possibly as double hydroxides of Al and Mg or Ca had no significant effect on the exchange distribution of Mg and Ca ions.Under comparable conditions, the ion product (Al) (OH) 3 had the same value in the presence of Ca or Mg. Because of this and the fact that the distribution constant for exchange was approximately 1, the two ions may be considered as a single ionic species for practical purposes in suspensions of Wyoming bentonite.