gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved cell performance and sulphur tolerance using A-site substituted Sr2Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ anodes for solid-oxide fuel cells (2023)

Abstract Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer great promise for producing electricity using a wide variety of fuels such as natural gas, coal gas and gasified carbonaceous solids; however, conventional nickel-based anodes face great challenges due to contaminants in readily available fuels, especially sulphur-containing compounds. Thus, the development of new anode materials that can suppress sulphur poisoning is crucial to the realization of fuel-flexible and cost-effective SOFCs. In this work, La0.1Sr1.9Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ (LSFNM) and Pr0.1Sr1.9Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ (PSFNM) materials have been synthesized using a sol-gel method in air and investigated as anode materials for SOFCs. Metallic nanoparticle-decorated ceramic anodes were obtained by the reduction of LSFNM and PSFNM in H2 at 850°C, forming a Ruddlesden–Popper oxide with exsolved FeNi3 bimetallic nanoparticles. The electrochemical performance of the Sr2Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ ceramic anode was greatly enhanced by La doping of A-sites, resulting in a 44% decrease in the polarization resistance in reducing atmosphere. The maximum power densities of Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 (LSGM) (300 μm) electrolyte-supported single cells with LSFNM as the anode reached 1.371 W cm −2 in H2 and 1.306 W cm–2 in 50 ppm H2S–H2 at 850°C. Meanwhile, PSFNM showed improved sulphur tolerance, which could be fully recovered after six cycles from H2 to 50 ppm H2S–H2 operation. This study indicates that LSFNM and PSFNM are promising high-performance anodes for SOFCs.
Measurement of Sodium-Vapor Density at Very Low Pressures by an Optical Method* (1971)

The density of sodium-saturated vapor has been measured in the range 100°C–180°C. The density values were obtained by measuring the absorption coefficient of the DI line by magnetic scanning. The absorption line was scanned by placing a spectral lamp in a variable magnetic field and by filtering out one of the components of the emitted D1 line. The experimental points have been fitted with the equation logp = A − B/T + C logT. Together with our measurements we considered as well all of the other available data below 300°C. The best values of A, B, and C were found to be A = −55.182 40; B = 1081.2523; C = 20.029 33.
Prevention of ovarian damage induced by cyclophosphamide in adult female mice by hormonal manipulations (1988)

Doses of 10 or 20 mg cyclophosphamide/kg body weight were administered daily to mice for up to 20 days. This caused significant reductions in the incidence of prenatal (developing) follicles and significant increases in atretic (degenerating) follicles within the ovaries. Attempts to prevent cyclophosphamide-induced damage by simultaneous treatment with oestrogen alone, oestrogen plus progesterone, or danazol (a synthetic androgen) demonstrated that danazol effectively prevented the ovarian damage. The efficacy of danazol was considered to be due to its ability to inhibit LH/FSH secretion and, indirectly, the development of new ovarian follicles.
Applications of polymeric materials for condensing heat exchangers (1989)

Abstract Manufacturers have begun to investigate the use of plastic materials for use in condensing heat exchangers attached to high‐efficiency gas‐fired furnaces. However, a number of technical problems have slowed the use of polymers in this application. While a low thermal conductivity relative to metals is one limitation, a more significant problem relates to the unknown performance of polymers in the harsh chemical environment of a condensing heat exchanger. Recent years have seen some major developments in the use of coatings and plastics for hightemperature service in heat exchangers. In these studies, commercially available acid‐resistant and heat‐resistant polymers were tested, primarily as protective coatings on metal heat exchanger elements, in both experimental‐ and prototypecondensing heat exchangers. These studies indicated that the effectiveness of polymers as coatings was sensitive to the presence of pinholes, and thus, the coating thicknesses had to exceed 0.25 mm to insure adequate protection. The use of a covering, rather than a coating, was found to be one method of insuring pinhole‐free coatings. In this study several all‐plastic heat exchanger elements were found to perform satisfactorily as heat exchanger elements in a gas‐fired condensing heat exchanger. This investigation identified several promising polymeric materials that survived 10,000 cycles in a highly acidic condensing heat exchanger. The polymers that successfully survived this evaluation included fluorinated ethylene propylene, poly(phenylene sulfide), polysulfone, poly(ether imide), and poly(tetrafiuoroethylene).
Area Efficient Temporal Coding Schemes for Reducing Crosstalk Effects (2006)

In this paper, we present some new crosstalk avoidance coding schemes devoted to on-chip busses. These schemes consist in encoding sequences of bits on each line of a bus transferring a packet in order to eliminate worst-case crosstalk patterns. They permit to improve the delay on the link at the cost of doubling the number of transmitted bits. The advantage of the presented solutions is that they have no wiring overhead, so they are independent from the bus bit-width. The coding schemes allow an increase of 50% of the data rate for a 1-mm bus. Moreover, the proposed solutions induce a direction in deep-submicron noise that can be used to implement a noise-tolerant system
Influence of Phosphate on Corrosion Products of Iron in Chloride-Polluted-Concrete-Simulating Solutions: Ferrihydrite vs Green Rust (2002)

The corrosion of steel-reinforcing bar (rebar) in concrete induced by the diffusion of chloride ions was simulated with α-iron foils dipped in various aqueous electrolytes. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to saturated calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) solutions to simulate concrete polluted with chloride ions whereas solutions containing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and NaCl were used as carbonate- and chloride-containing concrete. The corrosion process was electrochemically induced by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods. Similar experiments were performed with solutions where various amounts of trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) were added. The galvanostatic potential dropped to ~ –0.15 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) in the absence of phosphate, indicating that active corrosion took place, while it reached values of ~1 VSHE with large phosphate concentrations. The corrosion products were analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. They mainly consisted of iron(II) compounds—ferrous carbonate siderite (FeCO3) or ferrous hydroxide (Fe[OH]2), depending on the pH—and iron(II)-iron(III) compounds (i.e., green rusts) when phosphate ions were not present. In contrast, the corrosion product was mainly a poorly crystallized iron(III) oxyhydroxide, ferrihydrite, in the presence of phosphate. Similarly, the cyclic voltammetry curves were drastically different for the absence and presence of phosphate and showed that the pitting potential became more noble in the presence of phosphate. Finally, while immersed for long periods in the phosphate-containing solutions, the α-iron foils did not present a single trace of corrosion. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of their surfaces revealed the presence of an iron oxide film, likely γ-Fe2O3. The electrochemical impedance spectra obtained at the corrosion potential were composed of one unique capacitive loop, the size of which increased as the concentration of phosphate rose. The phosphate ions act as anodic inhibitors and, if used at low concentrations, can promote pitting corrosion.
Abstract 4346: Prognostic gene signature for intermediate risk prostate cancer (2015)

Abstract The over treatment of prostate cancer patients is a significant concern, as recent clinical trials suggest that many patients are over treated which can lead to significant patient morbidity. Although the Gleason score is a powerful predictor of lethal or indolent disease, a significant proportion (∼40%) of men present with early stage Gleason score (GS) 7 tumors, for whom prognosis is variable. The goal of this study is to develop and optimize a robust prognostic gene signature that can be utilized on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) core biopsy tumor material to better classify patients with intermediate risk, GS 7 tumors into good and poor outcome groups. Three gene signatures were derived from publicly available gene expression profiles of the Swedish Watchful Waiting cohort. The Genomic Grade Index consisted of the top 25 molecular signatures discriminating between high (8, 9 & 10) and low (≤ 6) GS tumors. The Lethal Gene Score consisted of the top 25 molecular signatures discriminating between lethal and indolent disease within GS 7 tumors only. A network-based gene signature consisted of 88 genes which accurately stratified GS 7 patients into high risk and low risk groups, resembling the survival curves of high GS and low GS patients. The prognostic capacity of the combined gene signature was tested in silico on the gene expression profiles of the Mayo cohort. Results demonstrated the gene signature's highly robust capacity for differentiating low risk and high risk patients within GS 7 patients. The NanoString nCounter System will be used to quantify mRNA from prostate FFPE blocks to assess the expression of the 138 prognostic genes. 156 archived prostate tumor blocks will be collected from intermediate risk, GS 7 patients enrolled in the 2005 PR5 prostate trial, which also collected 12 years of clinical follow-up information. Results will be correlated with biochemical (PSA) failure rates and overall survival. In short, our findings provide proof-of-principle that through the use of gene signatures it is possible to separate prostate cancer patients of intermediate risk into good and poor outcome groups. Furthermore, they also identify multiple gene candidates whose expression could likely be formulated into a clinically applicable assay, the implementation of which could serve to stratify prostate cancer patients with tumors of intermediate risk into more accurate high and low risk groups. Citation Format: Brian Li, Robin Hallet, Ying Wu, Greg Pong, John Hassell, Sebastien Hotte, Mark Levine, Himansu Lukka, Anita Bane. Prognostic gene signature for intermediate risk prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4346
Spectral behavior and linewidth of (GaAl)As-GaAs double-heterostructure lasers at room temperature with stripe geometry configuration (1973)

Experimental studies have been made of the spectral change with excitation and the linewidth of room temperature (Ga Al)As-Ga As heterostructure lasers. The lasers with stripe geometry configuration show uniform near-field patterns and single axial mode operations in relatively wide ranges of current levels. Continuous output powers of several to 20 mW (from one facet) have been obtained under single axial mode operations at current levels below 500 mA. Experimental data on excitation-dependent spectral change indicate that the laser line is homogeneously broadened and the diffusion of the inverted population plays an effective role in the single-mode operation at room temperature. Observations of the interference fringes with a Fabry-Perot etalon having plate separations of the centimeter range revealed the frequency variation with time under continuous operation. Probably this effect is the reflection of a very large temperature coefficient of the laser frequency at room temperature, Full linewidths shown in the photographs of the fringes taken with exposure times of about 1 s were less than several hundred megahertz, which is compared with the theoretical estimate of a few megahertz at several milliwatts.
The repression and induction by thyroxin of hemoglobin synthesis during amphibian metamorphosis. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Canadian Sex Work Policy for the 21st Century: Enhancing Rights and Safety, Lessons from Australia (2009)

This paper reviews the current problematic state of public policy addressed to the sex trade in Canada. It explores the recent parliamentary inquiry into the sex trade and suggests that the Canadian polity needs to set in train a clear program for reform in this area. A particular priority of these reforms should be to enhance the safety and rights of sex workers. At present the Canadian polity is mired in philosophic, moral and political divisions over the acceptability of sex work and this is limiting the search for practical ways of addressing urgent social problems. We argue that this search needs to be wide and continuing and that some practical ‘lessons’ can be learned from Australia where reforms have been in place for some time.
Influence of transverse-shear and large-deformation effects on the low-speed impact response of laminated composite plates (1993)

An analytical procedure is presented for determining the transient response of simply supported, rectangular laminated composite plates subjected to impact loads from airgun-propelled or dropped-weight impactors. A first-order shear-deformation theory is included in the analysis to represent properly any local short-wave-length transient bending response. The impact force is modeled as a locally distributed load with a cosine-cosine distribution. A double Fourier series expansion and the Timoshenko small-increment method are used to determine the contact force, out-of-plane deflections, and in-plane strains and stresses at any plate location due to an impact force at any plate location. The results of experimental and analytical studies are compared for quasi-isotropic laminates. The results indicate that using the appropriate local force distribution for the locally loaded area and including transverse-shear-deformation effects in the laminated plate response analysis are important. The applicability of the present analytical procedure based on small deformation theory is investigated by comparing analytical and experimental results for combinations of quasi-isotropic laminate thicknesses and impact energy levels. The results of this study indicate that large-deformation effects influence the response of both 24- and 32-ply laminated plates, and that a geometrically nonlinear analysis is required for predicting the response accurately.
Development, validation and application of a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for activin-AB (1997)

Monoclonal antibodies, specific for the beta A and beta B subunits of activin, were used to develop a new two-site ELISA for activin-AB. The assay had a detection limit of 0.19 ng/ml. High concentrations of activin-AB were found in bovine, ovine and porcine follicular fluids (FF), with less in human FF (1310, 1730, 688 and 7 ng/ml respectively). Recovery of spiked activin-AB standard from human, bovine and ovine FFs and from homogenized human placental extracts averaged 91%, 115%, 115% and 94% respectively. Within-plate coefficients of variation for different concentration of activin-AB were between 1.3% and 2.67%. The between-plate coefficient of variation was 5.5%. Cross-reactivity experiments showed the high specificity of the assay for activin-AB, with inhibin-A, inhibin-B, follistatin, activin-A and activin-B all cross-reacting < 0.2%. Incubation with high concentrations of follistatin (500 ng/ml) prior to assay did not affect the recovery of activin-AB. Samples of bovine, porcine, ovine and human FF gave dose responses parallel to that of the standard, as did bovine granulosa cell-conditioned media. In human and porcine FF, levels of activin-A and activin-AB were similar whereas, in bovine and ovine FF, activin-A levels were approximately threefold higher than activin-A, nearly all of the endogenous activin-AB in bovine FF was detected in the eluate from gel permeation chromatography with an M(r) of > 700000 indicating its association with higher molecular weight binding protein(s). By contrast, after denaturation, immunoreactive activin-AB was detected with an M(r) of approximately 25000 consistent with the complete dissociation from binding proteins. Activin-A was detected in relatively high concentrations in human FF (approximately 5 ng/ml), homogenized placental extracts (4.35-95.5 ng/g), sera from pregnant women (> 4 ng/ml) and amniotic fluid (3-13 ng/ml), and in much lower concentrations in postmenopausal serum (500 pg/ ml), normal cycle serum (100-200 pg/ml), serum from gonadotrophin-treated women (200 pg/ml), and normal adult male serum (225 pg/ml). Activin-A was also found in the culture media from explants of human amnion, chorion, maternal decidua and placenta. In marked contrast, activin-AB was undetectable (< 0.19 ng/ml) in all of these samples with the exception of human FF (approximately 7 ng/ml). In conclusion, we have developed a sensitive and specific ELISA to measure total (bound+free) activin-AB. Preliminary results show a more restricted distribution of this isoform compared with activin-A. The presence of high levels of both activin-A and activin-AB in FF suggests a function for both isoforms in the developing ovarian follicle.
Combinatorial auctions as frustrated lattice gases (2006)

Combinatorial auctions are formulated as frustrated lattice gas models on sparse random graphs, allowing the determination of theoptimal revenue by methods of statistical physics. Transitions between computationally easy and hard regimes are found and interpreted in terms of the geometric structure of the space of solutions. We introduce an iterative algorithm to solve intermediate and large instances efficiently, and discuss competing states of optimal revenue and maximal number of satisfied bidders. The algorithm can be generalized to the hard phase where current linear programming methods are expected to be inappropriate, or to more sophisticated auction protocols.
Cover Picture: Sphingosine Kinase Interacting Protein is an A‐Kinase Anchoring Protein Specific for Type I cAMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase (ChemBioChem 7/2010) (2010)

The cover picture shows a collage of crystal structures of the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA-R). At the bottom, the dimeric N-terminal dimerization domain (13–62) of PKA-RIα in complex with the D-AKAP2 anchoring domain (green, PDB ID: 3IM4). On top, two units of PKA-RIα (92–380, 1RGS, red and blue) with four molecules of bound cAMP (black). A chemical proteomics approach using immobilized synthetic cAMP analogues (8-AHA-cAMP and 8AHA-2′-OMe-cAMP, top right) was amended to show that SPHKAP is the first mammalian PKA-RI-specific AKAP. Isotope-labeled dimethylation (MS spectrum) was used for quantitation. SPHKAP was found to be highly expressed in human heart. Specific amino acids at specific locations in the anchoring domain of SPHKAP obey all the postulated rules to drive the observed PKA-RI specificity. For more information, see the paper by A. Scholten et al. on p. 963 ff. (The background was generated from an image of the heart of a 64-year-old male taken from Wikipedia.)
Evidence for long-term memory of the mucosal immune system: milk secretory immunoglobulin A against Shigella lipopolysaccharides (1991)

Although the common mucosal immune system has generally been considered to have only short-term memory, recent data suggest that long-term memory exists for Shigella virulence plasmid antigens. Because such antigens might cross-react with environmental antigens, we investigated milk for the persistence of antibodies to the specific Shigella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) against Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei LPS in milk samples were developed; 15 random milk samples tested on different days correlated from one day to the next (P = 0.0001). Of 18 Mexican mothers, 18 (100%) had one or more milk samples positive for anti-S. flexneri LPS, 14 (78%) had one or more milk samples positive for anti-S. sonnei LPS, and 14 (78%) had one or more milk samples positive for both. Of 27 Houston mothers, 16 (59%) had one or more milk samples positive for anti-S. flexneri LPS, 7 (26%) had one or more milk samples positive for anti-S. sonnei LPS, and 5 (19%) had one or more milk samples positive for both. Mexican mothers were significantly more likely than Houston mothers to have at least one sample with a positive titer for anti-S. flexneri LPS (P less than 0.02) and at least one sample with a positive titer for anti-S. sonnei LPS (P less than 0.002). Although the Houston women had a lower rate of titer positivity for both Shigella species, the rate was too high to be consistent with short-lived mucosal immunity. It is unlikely that 18 of the 27 Houston women had shigellosis during or just prior to lactation. The data suggest that there exists a long-term hormonally driven memory in the secretory immune system for Shigella spp.
Mutations and polymorphisms in the human N-acetylglutamate synthase (<i>NAGS</i>) gene (2007)

N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder, is the last urea cycle disorder for which molecular testing became available. This is the first comprehensive report of 21 mutations that cause NAGS deficiency and of commonly found polymorphisms in the NAGS gene. Five mutations are reported here for the first time. A total of 10 disease-causing mutations are associated with acute neonatal hyperammonemia; the remaining mutations were found in patients with late onset disease. Residual enzymatic activities are included in this report and the deleterious effects of eight mutations were confirmed by expression studies. Mutations in the NAGS gene are distributed throughout its reading frame. No mutations have been found in exon 1, which encodes for the putative mitochondrial targeting signal and variable segment of NAGS. Three polymorphisms have been found. Early, accurate, and specific diagnosis of NAGS deficiency is critical since this condition can be successfully treated with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG, Carbaglu; Orphan Europe). Treatment with NCG should be initiated as soon as a patient is suspected of having NAGS deficiency. Molecular testing represents the most reliable method of diagnosis.