gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Aeroelastic Analysis of the HIAD TPS Coupon in the NASA 8' High Temperature Tunnel: Theory and Experiment (2014)

The purpose of this work is to develop a set of theoretical and experimental techniques to characterize the aeroelasticity of the thermal protection system (TPS) on the NASA Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD). A square TPS coupon experiences trailing edge oscillatory behavior during experimental testing in the 8' High Temperature Tunnel (HTT), which may indicate the presence of aeroelastic flutter. Several theoretical aeroelastic models have been developed, each corresponding to a different experimental test configuration. Von Karman large deflection theory is used for the plate-like components of the TPS, along with piston theory for the aerodynamics. The constraints between the individual TPS layers and the presence of a unidirectional foundation at the back of the coupon are included by developing the necessary energy expressions and using the Rayleigh Ritz method to derive the nonlinear equations of motion. Free vibrations and limit cycle oscillations are computed and the frequencies and amplitudes are compared with accelerometer and photogrammetry data from the experiments.
Skeletal Muscle Mass and Aging: Regional and Whole-Body Measurement Methods (2001)

Skeletal muscle is a large compartment that can now be quantified using research and clinically applicable regional and whole-body methods. The most important advances are the two imaging methods, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both CT and MRI can serve as regional and whole-body reference methods when evaluating other approaches for estimating skeletal muscle mass. Imaging methods also afford the opportunity to quantify both anatomic skeletal muscle and the smaller adipose-tissue free skeletal muscle component. Other available methods for estimating skeletal muscle, either regional or at the whole body level, include dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in vivo neutron activation analysis-whole body counting, anthropometry, ultrasound, bioimpedance analysis, and urinary metabolite markers. Each method is reviewed in the context of the aging process, cost, availability, practicality, and desired accuracy. New insights should be possible when skeletal muscle mass, measured using these methods, is combined with other descriptors of muscle biochemical and mechanical function.
The Suspension and Steering of the VW 411 Model Year 1969 (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">After a short introductory consideration of wheel suspension layouts, the influence of the suspension on major vehicle characteristics in the steady-state condition is investigated and the theoretical results compared at various points with measurements made on the VW 411. In the second part of the paper, the front and rear suspension and the safety steering system of the VW 411 are described in detail.</div>
Understanding the design space for cognitive networks (2010)

Abstract—This paper studies a cognitive network where licensed primary users and unlicensed but ‘cognitive ’ secondary users share spectrum. Many system design parameters affect the joint performance, e.g., outage and capacity, seen by the two user types in such a scenario. We explore the sometimes subtle system tradeoffs that arise in such networks. To that end, we propose a new simple stochastic geometric model that captures the salient interdependencies amongst spatially distributed primary and secondary nodes. The model allows us to evaluate the performance dependencies between primary and secondary transmissions in terms of the outage probability, node density and transmission capacity. From the design perspective the key design parameters determining the joint transmission capacity and tradeoffs, are the detection radius (detection SINR threshold), decoding SINR threshold, burstiness of coverage and/or transmit powers. We show how the joint transmission capacity region can be optimized or affected by these parameters. Index Terms—cognitive network, stochastic geometry, network information theory, transmission capacity I.
Predictors of survival and recurrence after temporal bone resection for cancer (2011)

Margin status and extratemporal disease spread are the strongest independent predictors of survival and recurrence. In SCC of the external auditory canal, high rates of parotid involvement support adjunctive parotidectomy. Risk of recurrence in T3-T4 tumors may support a role for adjuvant therapy.
Structure and stereochemistry of condensation products from 1-morpholino-1-cycloheptene and methyl vinyl ketone (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and stereochemistry of condensation products from 1-morpholino-1-cycloheptene and methyl vinyl ketoneJ. V. Silverton, Michelle Ziffer, and Herman ZifferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 22, 3959–3961Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01336a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01336a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Azidoformates from Alcohols Using Triphosgene: Synthesis of<i>N</i>-Carbobenzyloxy Azetidin-2-ones (2002)

An efficient use of triphosgene for the preparation of various azidoformates from alcohols and sodium azide is described. The method is applied to various chiral alcohols including glucose diacetonide to get the corresponding azidoformates. One of these azidoformates has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of N-carbobenzyloxy-β-lactams.
Dynamics of intramuscular<sup>31</sup>P-MRS P<sub>i</sub>peak splitting and the slow components of PCr and O<sub>2</sub>uptake during exercise (2002)

The dynamics of pulmonary O(2) uptake (Vo(2)) during the on-transient of high-intensity exercise depart from monoexponentiality as a result of a "slow component" whose mechanisms remain conjectural. Progressive recruitment of glycolytic muscle fibers, with slow O(2) utilization kinetics and low efficiency, has, however, been suggested as a mechanism. The demonstration of high- and low-pH components of the exercising skeletal muscle (31)P magnetic resonance (MR) spectrum [inorganic phosphate (P(i)) peak] at high work rates (thought to be reflective of differences between oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers) is also consistent with this conjecture. We therefore investigated the dynamics of Vo(2) (using a turbine and mass spectrometry) and intramuscular ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and P(i) concentrations and pH, estimated from the (31)P MR spectrum. Eleven healthy men performed prone square-wave high-intensity knee extensor exercise in the bore of a whole body MR spectrometer. A Vo(2) slow component of magnitude 15.9 +/- 6.9% of the phase II amplitude was accompanied by a similar response (11.9 +/- 7.1%) in PCr concentration. Only five subjects demonstrated a discernable splitting of the P(i) peak, however, which began from between 35 and 235 s after exercise onset and continued until cessation. As such, the dynamics of the pH distribution in intramuscular compartments did not consistently reflect the temporal features of the Vo(2) slow component, suggesting that P(i) splitting does not uniquely reflect the activity of oxidative or glycolytic muscle fibers per se.
The Effect of Redox Potential and Metal Solubility on Oxidative Polymer Degradation (2011)

Summary Oxidative degradation of polymers is a serious concern in their field application for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This study is an attempt to resolve some of the discrepancies in the literature regarding the occurrence and extent of this degradation, as well as to present a coherent framework for discussing the multitude of possible radical reactions. Sodium carbonate and bicarbonate are demonstrated to play a key role in stabilizing polymer against multiple reported sources of degradation, and it seems likely that this is caused by their effect on iron solubility. Brines containing iron in the reduced state are often obtained from aquifers for use in polymer hydration. These brines are shown to be prone to causing immediate degradation if exposed to air during or after polymer hydration because of the oxidation of soluble iron. If this cannot be avoided, preaeration may be a feasible strategy to minimize degradation during hydration. However, care must be taken to ensure subsequent degradation is not caused by the injection of a polymer solution containing oxygen into a formation containing iron. For instance, sodium dithionite can be added downstream of the last exposure to oxygen. The use of sodium carbonate may also mitigate degradation caused by the oxidation of iron (II) during polymer hydration.
Automatic generation of artistic chinese calligraphy (2007)

We introduce a novel intelligent system which can generate new Chinese calligraphic artwork that meets certain aesthetic requirements automatically. In the machine learning phase, parametric representations of existent calligraphic artwork are derived from input images of calligraphy. Using a six-level hierarchical representation, the acquired knowledge is organized as a small structural stroke database, which is then exploited by a constraint-based analogous reasoning component to create artwork in new styles. A set of geometric constraints is proposed and incorporated into the system for rejecting the aesthetically unacceptable results. The combination of knowledge from various input sources creates a huge space for the intelligent system to explore and produce new calligraphy.
Correction to “Geometry and Motion-Based Positioning Algorithms for Mobile Tracking in NLOS Environments” (2012)

In the above-cited article, which appeared in the IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 254-263, February 2012, the authors wish to clarify that the authors listed in reference [10] are incorrect.
Melatonin: Lowering the High Price of Free Radicals (2000)

The endogenous antioxidative defense system reduces molecular toxicity of oxygen and nitrogen-based reactive species. Melatonin is an efficient direct and indirect antioxidant. It detoxifies the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and neutralizes other toxic species, including singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite anion, and stimulates several antioxidative enzymes.
Nano/Micro and Spectroscopic Approaches to Food Pathogen Detection (2014)

Despite continuing research efforts, timely and simple pathogen detection with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity remains an elusive goal. Given the recent explosion of sensor technologies, significant strides have been made in addressing the various nuances of this important global challenge that affects not only the food industry but also human health. In this review, we provide a summary of the various ongoing efforts in pathogen detection and sample preparation in areas related to Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, light scattering, phage display, micro/nanodevices, and nanoparticle biosensors. We also discuss the advantages and potential limitations of the detection methods and suggest next steps for further consideration.
Kinetic modeling of hemicellulose hydrolysis in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (2013)

Kinetic models were developed for the hydrolysis of O‐acetyl‐galactoglucomannan (GGM), a hemicellulose appearing in coniferous trees. Homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts hydrolyze GGM at about 90°C to the monomeric sugars galactose, glucose, and mannose. In the presence of homogeneous catalysts, such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 , oxalic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid, the hydrolysis process shows a regular kinetic behavior, while a prominent autocatalytic effect was observed in the presence of heterogeneous cation‐exchange catalysts, Amberlyst 15 and Smopex 101. The kinetic models proposed were based on the reactivities of the nonhydrolyzed sugar units and the increase of the rate constant (for heterogeneous catalysts) as the reaction progresses and the degree of polymerization decreases. General kinetic models were derived and special cases of them were considered in detail, by deriving analytical solutions for product distributions. The kinetic parameters, describing the autocatalytic effect were determined by nonlinear regression analysis. The kinetic model described very well the overall kinetics, as well as the product distribution in the hydrolysis of water soluble GGM by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The modelling principles developed in the work can be in principle applied to hydrolysis of similar hemicelluloses as well as starch and cellulose. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 60: 1066–1077, 2014
Measured and predicted performance of a compensating subreflector (1979)

The intensity and phase scattering patterns of a profile error-compensating mirror, 30 cm in diameter, have been computed at 34 and 68 GHz. The mirror had been used previously between 28 and 40 GHz to compensate for errors on the surface of a paraboloid 2.8 m in diameter. The results are compared with measured patterns and also the patterns needed to achieve maximum phase compensation. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and computed patterns. Generally the mirror compensated successfully for profile errors with correlation intervals greater than D/10. The residual phase differences between the required and computed patterns were consistent with those deduced previously from the performance of the complete compensated antenna. At 34 GHz they amounted to about 20Â° r.m.s., giving a shortfall in gain of (0.5 Â± 0.3) dB. Results at 68 GHz suggest that the reflector could be operated efficiently at much higher frequencies.
Evaluation of large volume SrI<inf>2</inf>(Eu) scintillator detectors (2010)

There is an ever increasing demand for gamma-ray detectors which can achieve good energy resolution, high detection efficiency, and room-temperature operation. We are working to address each of these requirements through the development of large volume SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (Eu) scintillator detectors. In this work, we have evaluated a variety of SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> crystals with volumes >;10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The goal of this research was to examine the causes of energy resolution degradation for larger detectors and to determine what can be done to mitigate these effects. Testing both packaged and unpackaged detectors, we have consistently achieved better resolution with the packaged detectors. Using a collimated gamma-ray source, it was determined that better energy resolution for the packaged detectors is correlated with better light collection uniformity. A number of packaged detectors were fabricated and tested and the best spectroscopic performance was achieved for a 3% Eu doped crystal with an energy resolution of 2.93% FWHM at 662keV. Simulations of SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (Eu) crystals were also performed to better understand the light transport physics in scintillators and are reported. This study has important implications for the development of SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (Eu) detectors for national security purposes.
Endothelial Differentiation G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Plays an Important Role in Induction and Maintenance of Pluripotency (2018)

Direct reprogramming of human somatic cells toward induced pluripotent stem cells holds great promise for regenerative medicine and basic biology. We used a high-throughput small interfering RNA screening assay in the initiation phase of reprogramming for 784 genes belonging to kinase and phosphatase families and identified 68 repressors and 22 effectors. Six new candidates belonging to the family of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified, suggesting an important role for this key signaling pathway during somatic cell-induced reprogramming. Downregulation of one of the key GPCR effectors, endothelial differentiation GPCR5 (EDG5), impacted the maintenance of pluripotency, actin cytoskeleton organization, colony integrity, and focal adhesions in human embryonic stem cells, which were associated with the alteration in the RhoA-ROCK-Cofilin-PAXILLIN-actin signaling pathway. Similarly, downregulation of EDG5 during the initiation stage of somatic cell-induced reprogramming resulted in alteration of cytoskeleton, loss of human-induced pluripotent stem cell colony integrity, and a significant reduction in partially and fully reprogrammed cells as well as the number of alkaline phosphatase positive colonies at the end of the reprogramming process. Together, these data point to an important role of EDG5 in the maintenance and acquisition of pluripotency. Stem Cells 2019;37:318-331.
Alkaloids of Tobacco Smoke. I. Fractionation of Some Tobacco Alkaloids and of the Alkaloid Extract of Burley Cigarette Smoke by Gas Chromatography<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids of Tobacco Smoke. I. Fractionation of Some Tobacco Alkaloids and of the Alkaloid Extract of Burley Cigarette Smoke by Gas Chromatography1LOUIS D. QUINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 7, 911–914Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01089a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01089a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MT1-MMP plays a critical role in hematopoiesis by regulating HIF-mediated chemokine/cytokine gene transcription within niche cells (2012)

HSC fate decisions are regulated by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues. The latter cues are derived from the BM niche. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), which is best known for its proteolytic role in pericellular matrix remodeling, is highly expressed in HSCs and stromal/niche cells. We found that, in MT1-MMP(-/-) mice, in addition to a stem cell defect, the transcription and release of kit ligand (KitL), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), erythropoietin (Epo), and IL-7 was impaired, resulting in a trilineage hematopoietic differentiation block, while addition of exogenous KitL and SDF-1 restored hematopoiesis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that MT1-MMP activates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway via factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) within niche cells, thereby inducing the transcription of HIF-responsive genes, which induce terminal hematopoietic differentiation. Thus, MT1-MMP in niche cells regulates postnatal hematopoiesis, by modulating hematopoietic HIF-dependent niche factors that are critical for terminal differentiation and migration.
An improved, optically pumped, primary frequency standard: joint development by CRL and NIST (2002)

An improved primary frequency standard based on an optically-pumped, thermal, atomic beam has been jointly developed by CRL and NIST. The design details are presented along with the preliminary evaluation results. The standard will be evaluated both in the US and Japan.
Effect of O:Er concentration ratio on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of Si:Er:O layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2000)

The structural, electrical, and optical properties of crystalline Si codoped with Er and O by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated in detail. Si:Er:O layers (∼250 nm thick) have been grown by MBE, realizing uniform dopant concentrations in the range 8×1018–1.5×1020 cm−3 for Er and up to 5×1020 cm−3 for O. The O:Er ratio was varied between 0 and ∼20. Samples have been subsequently annealed at 900 °C for 1 h. We observed that clear constraints to the Er and O contents exist in order to incorporate them in a good quality single crystal. We also found that the O:Er ratio represents the main parameter in determining the properties of this system. For instance, Er is observed to behave as a donor in MBE grown samples and the donor concentration increases with the O:Er ratio until a saturation regime is achieved for a ratio higher than 6–8. All the samples emit light at 1.54 μm and similar behavior is also found for the optical activation of the Er ions. The thermal process usually increases the number of light emitting Er ions which is also increased by increasing the O:Er ratio; however, for O:Er ratios higher than 6–8, no further activation is measured. In contrast, the most intense room temperature photoluminescence (PL) peak is obtained in samples having an O:Er ratio ∼2, for which PL temperature quenching is strongly reduced. Indeed, the coupling of these observations with structural measurements allows us to clearly identify the best conditions for an MBE grown Si:Er:O sample. These phenomena are investigated in detail and discussed.
Augmentation of HIV-specific lymphoproliferation in HIV-infected individuals by TraT (1993)

These findings suggest that TraT, in combination with HIV-derived peptides, could be used to maintain or restore cell-mediated immune functions of HIV-infected individuals, as well as cellular immune functions in individuals suffering from other immunodeficiency disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: HG‐SENSIBILISIERTE PHOTOLYSE VON FLUOROLEFINEN 1. MITT. 1,1‐DICHLOR‐2,2‐DIFLUORAETHYLEN (1970)

Abstract Die Photolyse von 1,1‐Dichlor‐2,2‐difluor‐äthylen (I) liefert mit hoher Umwandlungsrate die Reaktionsprodukte (II)‐(IV).