gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adverse selection and managerial incentives (2000)

IVIE working papers offer in advance the results of economic research under way in order to encourage a discussion process before sending them to scientific journals for their final publication.
Costs of Vasospasm in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2010)

Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and TCD-defined or symptomatic vasospasm incur higher inpatient costs and longer hospital stays than those without vasospasm.
A Unified Mathematical Model for Unconventional Reservoir Simulation (2011)

Abstract Unconventional hydrocarbon resources from low-permeability formation, i.e., tight sands and shales, are currently received great attention because of their potential to supply the entire world with sufficient energy for the decades to come. In the past few years, as a result of industry-wide R&D effort, progresses are being made towards commercial development of gas and oil from such unconventional resources. However, studies, understandings, and effective technologies needed for development of unconventional reservoirs are far behind the industry needs. Unconventional reservoir dynamics is characterized by highly nonlinear behavior of multiphase flow in extremely low- permeability rock, coupled by many co-existing, processes, e.g., non-Darcy flow and rock-fluid interaction within tiny pores or micro-fractures. Quantitative characterization of unconventional reservoirs has been a significant scientific challenge currently. Because of complicated flow behavior, strong interaction between fluid and rock as well as multi-scaled heterogeneity, the traditional Darcy-law-and-REV-based model may not be applicable for describing flow phenomena in unconventional reservoirs. In this paper, we will discuss a general mathematical model proposed for unconventional reservoir simulation. We will present a unified framework model to incorporate various nonlinear flow and transport processes using a multi-domain, multi-continuum concept to handle multi-scaled heterogeneity of unconventional formation. Specifically, we will use extended or modified Darcy law to include the following processes: (1) non-Darcy flow with inertial effects; (2) non-Newtonian behavior (i.e., threshold pressure gradient for flow to occur); (3) adsorption and other reaction effect; and (4) rock deformation. The proposed modeling methodology has been implemented into a general reservoir simulator and will be demonstrated for its application in analyzing well tests in fractured vuggy reservoirs, non-Darcy flow, and non-Newtonian flow in porous and fractured reservoirs.
Identification of <i>cis</i>‐elements conferring high levels of gene expression in non‐green plastids (2012)

Although our knowledge about the mechanisms of gene expression in chloroplasts has increased substantially over the past decades, next to nothing is known about the signals and factors that govern expression of the plastid genome in non-green tissues. Here we report the development of a quantitative method suitable for determining the activity of cis-acting elements for gene expression in non-green plastids. The in vivo assay is based on stable transformation of the plastid genome and the discovery that root length upon seedling growth in the presence of the plastid translational inhibitor kanamycin is directly proportional to the expression strength of the resistance gene nptII in transgenic tobacco plastids. By testing various combinations of promoters and translation initiation signals, we have used this experimental system to identify cis-elements that are highly active in non-green plastids. Surprisingly, heterologous expression elements from maize plastids were significantly more efficient in conferring high expression levels in root plastids than homologous expression elements from tobacco. Our work has established a quantitative method for characterization of gene expression in non-green plastid types, and has led to identification of cis-elements for efficient plastid transgene expression in non-green tissues, which are valuable tools for future transplastomic studies in basic and applied research.
Characterization of a novel Ets transcription factor, Elf-1. (1993)

In this thesis I describe the cloning and characterization of a novel Ets-related transcription factor, Elf-1. Elf-1 is expressed in cells of lymphoid lineage and is able to bind the Ets-binding site in the transcription regulatory elements of multiple T cell genes, including the IL-2 and the GM-CSF genes and that of the HIV-2 LTR. Since Elf-1 is constitutively expressed in normal T cells, the mechanisms of regulating inducible T cell gene expression via Elf-1 were investigated. The transcription regulatory element of the GM-CSF gene is composed of adjacent binding sites for Elf-1 and AP-1. I identified a nuclear protein complex which is able to bind to this element and is rapidly induced following T cell activation. In vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that both the Elf-1 and AP-1 sites are required for the binding of the inducible nuclear protein complex and for the transcriptional activity of this element in activated T cells. Using antibodies specific for different Ets and AP-1 family members, I have demonstrated that the inducible nuclear protein complex is composed of Elf-1, c-fos, and junB. Elf-1 contains a sequence that is highly related to the Rb binding sites of several viral oncoproteins and binds to the pocket region of Rb both in vitro and in vivo. Elf-1 binds exclusively to the underphosphorylated form of Rb and fails to bind to Rb mutants derived from a patient with retinoblastoma. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an association between Elf-1 and Rb in resting normal human T cells. After T cell activation the phosphorylation of Rb results in the release of Elf-1, which is correlated temporally with the activation of Elf-1-mediated transcriptional activation. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective form of Rb inhibits Elf-1-dependent transcription during T cell activation. These results demonstrate that the transactivation function of Elf-1 is regulated by protein-protein interactions with Rb and the AP-1 transcription factors.
Fragen der Forschungspolitik aus der Sicht des Biowissenschaftlers (1980)

Über Forschungsplanung und Forschungspolitik im Bereich der Biowissenschaften — und hier insbesondere der Medizin — ist in den letzten zwanzig Jahren so viel geschrieben worden, daß es weder dem Kenner noch dem eher Unbefangenen möglich sein dürfte, etwas wirklich Neues zu sagen. Allenfalls geht es dem Referenten wie Justus von Liebig, der einmal gesagt haben soll — allerdings schon im höheren Alter, — es falle ihm kaum etwas Neues ein, aber wenn er anderer Leute Ideen höre, falle ihm gelegentlich etwas Besseres ein. Nun, ich möchte an einen Gedanken meines Herrn Vorredners anschließen: „Forschungspolitik ist wie alles Menschliche zweideutig: Sie kann die Freiheit der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit und deren Qualität ebenso fördern wie — gewollt oder ungewollt — gefährden. Gerade deshalb wird heute eine Besinnung auf Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Forschungspolitik nötig.“ Folgt man diesem Gedanken Otto Pöggeleers, so kann man zweifellos auch aus der Sicht des Biowissenschaftlers einige kritische Gedanken äußern, nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklungen und Tendenzen der letzten Jahre. Und kritische Gedanken sind durchaus angebracht — nicht nur gegenüber den Forschern, sondern auch gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit und den Politikern in ihrem Verhältnis zur Forschung.
A privacy-aware cloud service selection method toward data life-cycle (2014)

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of cloud computing, which leverages its unique services to cloud customers in a pay-as-you-go, anytime, anywhere manner. However, a significant barrier to the adoption of cloud services is that users fear data leakage and loss of privacy if their sensitive data is processed in the cloud. Hence, the cloud customer must be able to select appropriate services according to his or her privacy and security needs. In this paper, we propose a novel cloud service selection method called PCSS, where a cloud service is estimated based on its capability of privacy protection (CoPP) covering the entire life-cycle of users' data. A scalable assessment index system with a 2-level hierarchy structure is constructed to analyze and quantify the CoPP of cloud service. The first-level index is composed of all stages of data life-cycle and the second-level index involves privacy-aware security mechanisms at each stage. We employ a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation technique to count the privacy-preserving value of security mechanism. An AHP- based approach is exploited to decide the impact weight of different security mechanisms to the CoPP of each stage. By calculating a comprehensive CoPP metric of all life-cycle stages, all cloud services can be sorted and recommended to users. An example analysis is given, and the reasonableness of the proposed method is proved. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by the comparison with the baseline method at the service selection performance.
THE USE OF COMMON ONTOLOGIES AND CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES TO ENABLE DATA EXCHANGE AND DEPOSITION FOR COMPLEX PROTEOMIC EXPERIMENTS (2004)

Controlled vocabularies provide a roadmap through complex biological data. Proteomic data is increasing in volume and is currently poorly served by public repositories due to the large number of different formats in which the data is generated and stored. The Human Proteome Organization Proteome Standards Initiative is establishing standards for data transfer and deposition. These standards utilize ontologies and controlled vocabularies to describe experimental procedures and common processes such as sample preparation This paper will discuss the development of such ontologies by the user community and their current utilization in the fields of protein:proein interactions and mass spectrometry.
Induction of Systemic Neutrophil Response in Mice by Photodynamic Therapy of Solid Tumors¶ (2001)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of solid tumors elicits a strong, acute inflammatory response characterized by a rapid and massive infiltration of activated neutrophils into the tumor. The present study investigated the impact of PDT on the systemic and local (treatment site) kinetics of neutrophil trafficking and activity in mouse SCCVII and EMT6 tumor models. Differential leukocyte counts in the peripheral blood of treated mice revealed a pronounced neutrophilia developing rapidly after Photofrin porfimer sodium (Photofrin)- or tetra(m-tetrahydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC)-based PDT. Significant neutrophilia was also observed upon PDT treatment of normal dorsal skin but not on the footpad of tumor-free mice. The changes in circulating neutrophil numbers were accompanied by an efflux of these cells from the bone marrow. An increased proportion of cells with high L-selectin (CD62L antigen) expression was found among bone-marrow-residing neutrophils 6-24 h after PDT, and in neutrophils in the peripheral circulation and treated tumors 24 h after therapy. Complement inhibition completely prevented the development of PDT-induced neutrophilia. The results of the present study demonstrate that treatment of solid tumors by PDT induces a strong and protracted increase in systemic neutrophil numbers mediated by complement activation. This reaction reflects rapid and massive mobilization and activation of neutrophils for the destruction of PDT-treated tumor tissue.
Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways (2017)

Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data suggest that activation of the tolerant innate immune system in cancer patients is able, at least partially, to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, which indicates triggering of the innate immune response as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. The promising innate immune targets include Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). This review discusses the antitumor properties of TLRs, RLRs, and STING-mediated innate immune pathways, as well as the promising innate immune targets for potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
Recognizing hand gestures using wrist shapes (2010)

We introduce a new hand gesture recognition interface, called virtual button. The virtual button utilizes patterns of the wrist shape. It can recognize a pinch motion and it can be used as a generic button event. Using the pinch motion is favorable in multi-touch based interactions or games because it can express picking, moving, and releasing (or putting) activities in a natural way. We use a small-sized IR optic sensor to get patterns of finger flexor tendons on wrist cause by moving fingers. These patterns are used to recognize finger/hand movements. Our method can also measure applied forces at the picking operation where using a vision-based approach may encounter difficulties. Finally, our experimental result shows that using the IR-optic sensor can be an effective solution to implement the virtual button. Our system also shows that it can recognize effectively various kinds of other hand motions such as a shaking of hands or bending of fingers.
[Determination of cyclosporine in whole blood by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography]. (1988)

A specific method of analysis for cyclosporine in whole blood by HPLC was established by using a Micropak MCH-5 column (4×150 mm) and a mobile phase consisting of 86% CH_3OH (containing 2 mmol NaAc) and 14% H_2O. The temperature of the column was maintained at 60℃, and the UV detector was set at 210 nm. Quinine hydrochloride was used as internal standard. Whole blood sample was extracted with ether-hexane (85:15).
The detection limit for cyclosporine was 20 ng/ml in whole blood. The standard curve was. linear (r=.9998) over 48.55～1456.50 ng/ml. The average recovery was 79.81±2.37%. The coefficient of variation was less than 3.24% for within day (n=4) and less than 5.90% for between days (n=6), respectively. The blood concentrations of rabbits (n=6) which took cyclosporine (30 mg/kg) orally was determined by this method. The results indicate that the data fitted a two-compartment open model, and the half-life (t 1/2β) was found to be 14.58±7.50 h.
The lipolytic activities of the isolated cell envelope fractions of baker's yeast (1970)

1. The existence of phospholipase and lipase activities in the isolated cell envelopes of baker's yeast was demonstrated. 2. The content of phospholipase was found to be markedly higher than that of lipase. 3. After partial enzymic digestion of the isolated cell envelopes, the bulk of the lipolytic activities was recovered in the sedimentable preparations, which consisted of the fragments of the plasma membrane. 4. During repeated washings, the lipase was completely released from the cell envelopes, as were also the bulk of the lipid components and most of the Mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, an enzyme connected with the plasma membrane. The phospholipase was more firmly bound to the preparation but not so firmly as the external saccharase. 5. These results indicate that the lipolytic enzymes found in the cell envelopes are mostly located in the plasma membrane.
Dose‐response curve of human extensor digitorum brevis muscle function to intramuscularly injected botulinum toxin type A (1996)

To develop a human model for measuring the effect of intramuscularly injected botulinum toxin, we injected both extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscles in 13 healthy volunteers with seven varying doses of botulinum toxin type A. We measured, pre- and postinjection, EDB M-wave amplitude, area, and mean rectified voltage (MRV) (obtained during maximal voluntary muscle activation). There was a logarithmic-appearing dose-response relationship between increasing doses of botulinum toxin and decline in EDB M-wave amplitude, area, and MRV. The decline was incrementally less at higher doses of toxin and appeared to level off at a maximal effect of 85 to 90% decrement from baseline (85 to 90% "paralysis") at 15 to 20 units. The peak toxin effect was present on day 6 postinjection. Measurement of EDB M-wave amplitude, area, and MRV is a simple objective method for quantifying the onset and degree of human muscle "paralysis" following botulinum-toxin injection.
Reduced switch count dual-winding ac drive system with common-mode voltage mitigation (2005)

This paper proposes reduced switch count inverter solutions to mitigate the common-mode voltage. The drive system consists of a five-leg converter feeding a dual-winding induction motor. The pulse-width modulation techniques for generating the command signals for the power switches of the converters are presented. The proposed strategies permit to eliminate the common-mode voltage. Simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Sources of Error in Noninvasive Pulmonary Blood Flow Measurements by Partial Rebreathing (2003)

Systematic errors in partial rebreathing cardiac output measurements have multiple causes. Our simulations suggest that errors can be reduced by using a variable rebreathing time, which should be increased at low PBF so that quasi-equilibrium in the alveoli can be achieved and decreased at high PBF to reduce the effects of recirculation.
SSRD+: A Privacy-aware Trust and Security Model for Resource Discovery in Pervasive Computing Environment (2006)

SSRD is a secure resource discovery model for devices running in a pervasive computing environment. SSRD is based on a lightweight trust model. SSRD+ is an extension of the existing SSRD model. In SSRD+, we enhance the trust model by adding dynamic trust relationship and also specifying behavioral characteristics that determine the level of trust among devices. We also add a risk model to address challenges posed by the pervasive and ad hoc nature of the network. These models work together to make the entire discovery process lightweight and secure. In this paper we present details of the trust and risk models. We illustrate the design and implementation of SSRD+ as a whole that optimally explores resources without degrading the performance of the devices while ensuring user security and privacy
Integrated Static and Dynamic Analysis for Malware Detection (2015)

The number of malware is increasing rapidly regardless of the common use of anti-malware software. Detection of malware continues to be a challenge as attackers device new techniques to evade from the detection methods. Most of the anti-virus software uses signature based detection which is inefficient in the present scenario due to the rapid increase in the number and variants of malware. The signature is a unique identification for a binary file, which is created by analyzing the binary file using static analysis methods. Dynamic analysis uses the behavior and actions while in execution to identify whether the executable is a malware or not. Both methods have its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper proposes an integrated static and dynamic analysis method to analyses and classify an unknown executable file. The method uses machine learning in which known malware and benign programs are used as training data. The feature vector is selected by analyzing the binary code as well as dynamic behavior. The proposed method utilizes the benefits of both static and dynamic analysis thus the efficiency and the classification result are improved. Our experimental results shows an accuracy of 95.8% using static, 97.1% using dynamic and 98.7% using integrated method. Comparing with the standalone dynamic and static methods, our integrated method gives better accuracy.
CPUs unite! (2000)

article Free Access Share on CPUs unite! Author: Aaron Weiss New York New YorkView Profile Authors Info & Claims netWorkerVolume 4Issue 2June 2000 pp 26–31https://doi.org/10.1145/339117.339153Published:01 June 2000Publication History 0citation1,292DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads1,292Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Cloudlets: at the Leading Edge of Mobile-Cloud Convergence (2014)

As mobile computing and cloud computing converge, the sensing and interaction capabilities of mobile devices can be seamlessly fused with compute-intensive and data-intensive processing in the cloud. Cloudlets are important architectural components in this convergence, representing the middle tier
DPTF: a database of poplar transcription factors (2007)

The database of poplar transcription factors (DPTF) is a plant transcription factor (TF) database containing 2576 putative poplar TFs distributed in 64 families. These TFs were identified from both computational prediction and manual curation. We have provided extensive annotations including sequence features, functional domains, GO assignment and expression evidence for all TFs. In addition, DPTF contains cross-links to the Arabidopsis and rice transcription factor databases making it a unique resource for genome-scale comparative studies of transcriptional regulation in model plants. Availiability: DPTF is available at http://dptf.cbi.pku.edu.cn.
Distributed estimation and quantization (1993)

An algorithm is developed for the design of a nonlinear, n-sensor, distributed estimation system subject to communication and computation constraints. The algorithm uses only bivariate probability distributions and yields locally optimal estimators that satisfy the required system constraints. It is shown that the algorithm is a generalization of the classical Lloyd-Max results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Carbon Nanotube Sensor Array for Sensitive Gas Discrimination Using Principal Component Analysis (2006)

Abstract not Available.
An ELISA system to detect anti-factor VIII antibodies without interference by lupus anticoagulants. Preliminary data in hemophilia A patients. (2000)

Results presented here show that LA does not interfere with the anti-fVIII ELISA: However, the assay detects both neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-fVIII antibodies, therefore a neutralizing effect must be confirmed through functional tests.
Role of Infection in Chronic Bronchitis (1975)

CHRONIC or recurrent production of sputum on most days for at least three months a year for more than two years defines the disease called chronic bronchitis.1 Although the existence of states of chronic and recurrent sputum production has been recognized for a long time, adequate description of the pathology and epidemiology of chronic bronchitis has largely taken place over the past 25 years.1 2 3 4 5 During this period an extensive clinical literature has appeared detailing the role of infectious agents in the production of both the chronic and the recurrent aspects of chronic bronchitis and the effect of antimicrobial agents in . . .