gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faster and Easier Radioimmunoassay of Digoxin (1974)

Abstract We describe an improved radioimmunoassay method for serum digoxin, with 125I as tracer, to eliminate the problems that endanger the validity of this assay: apparent instability of tracer, time-dependence of charcoal separation of free and bound fractions, and influence of sample-to-sample differences on results. Principal innovations leading to a more rugged and reliable test are the use of (a) a stable [125I] tyros ine-methyl-ester of digoxin, (b) ammonium sulfate to separate bound and free fractions, (c) a fresh serum pool for the standard curve, and (d) individual specimen blanks. Results compare favorably with those of the properly-controlled, original tritium method of Smith et al. [New Engi. J. Med. 281, 1212 (1969)] in terms of digoxin values, while the method excels it in convenience and speed. Between-run precision is 11% (CV) over the range of interest (mean, 2.7 µg/liter), sensitivity is 0.2 µg/liter, and recovery of added digoxin averages 102%.
Mechano-Electrochemical Properties Of Articular Cartilage: Their Inhomogeneities and Anisotropies (2002)

In this chapter, the recent advances in cartilage biomechanics and electromechanics are reviewed and summarized. Our emphasis is on the new experimental techniques in cartilage mechanical testing, new experimental and theoretical findings in cartilage biomechanics and electromechanics, and emerging theories and computational modeling of articular cartilage. The charged nature and depth-dependent inhomogeneity in mechano-electrochemical properties of articular cartilage are examined, and their importance in the normal and/or pathological structure-function relationships with cartilage is discussed, along with their pathophysiological implications. Developments in theoretical and computational models of articular cartilage are summarized, and their application in cartilage biomechanics and biology is reviewed. Future directions in cartilage biomechanics and mechano-biology research are proposed.
Distortion-Aware Monocular Depth Estimation for Omnidirectional Images (2021)

Image distortion is a main challenge for tasks on panoramas. In this work, we propose a Distortion-Aware Monocular Omnidirectional (DAMO) network to estimate dense depth maps from indoor panoramas. First, we introduce a distortion-aware module to extract semantic features from omnidirectional images. Specifically, we exploit deformable convolution to adjust its sampling grids to geometric distortions on panoramas. We also utilize a strip pooling module to sample against horizontal distortion introduced by inverse gnomonic projection. Second, we introduce a plug-and-play spherical-aware weight matrix for our loss function to handle the uneven distribution of areas projected from a sphere. Experiments on the 360D dataset show that the proposed method can effectively extract semantic features from distorted panoramas and alleviate the supervision bias caused by distortion. It achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the 360D dataset with high efficiency.
Cyclical and demographic influences on the distribution of income in California (2000)

The California economy is stronger than it has been in a number of years. Employment growth is solid, unemployment is low, and consumer confidence is high. Despite these strengths, research suggests that the living standards of families at many percentiles of the California income distribution remain below those of comparable families in previous expansions. In this paper, we examine how business cycle timing and changes in demographic structure have affected family income growth in California during the 1990s. We find that demographic and cyclical factors have served to temper family income growth in the state during the past decade.
Research progress of role of blood miRNA in diagnosis of lung cancer (2015)

Objective
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a newly discovered family of non-coding small RNAs, which are involved in a series of human physiological and pathological processes. The abnormal expression of miRNA may serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes for tumor occurrence and development. Lung cancer has a high incidence and poor prognosis, which is an important cancer hazard to human health. Recent studies have revealed that blood miRNA may participate in the development and treatment of lung cancer.


Key words: 
Lung cancer; MicroRNA
Measurement of Low Energy Beta-Emitters in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Scintillation Counting of Emulsions. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of Low Energy Beta-Emitters in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Scintillation Counting of Emulsions.M. S. Patterson and R. C. GreeneCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 7, 854–857Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60226a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60226a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations1127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High transmission acoustic focusing by impedance-matched acoustic meta-surfaces (2016)

Impedance is an important issue in the design of acoustic lenses because mismatched impedance is detrimental to real focusing applications. Here, we report two designs of acoustic lenses that focus acoustic waves in water and air, respectively. They are tailored by acoustic meta-surfaces, which are rigid thin plates decorated with periodically distributed sub-wavelength slits. Their respective building blocks are constructed from the coiling-up spaces in water and the layered structures in air. Analytic analysis based on coupled-mode theory and transfer matrix reveals that the impedances of the lenses are matched to those of the background media. With these impedance-matched acoustic lenses, we demonstrate the acoustic focusing effect by finite-element simulations.
Universal database access layer to facilitate query (2014)

Universal Database Access Layer (UDAL) is a JDBC based database access layer and every SQL supported database can be accessed through UDAL. Interaction with UDAL is simple as no one needs to know database specific SQLs to support multiple databases for products. This is due to UDAL which takes XML (Extended Markup Language) and JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as input and returns corresponding response. XML and JSON both are standard and popular message format and simple which can support four most used DML operations at the moment which are Insert, Update, Select and Delete. All these types of DML operations are performed with huge data to measure the performance which can be increased by deploying the UDAL on the Cloud. If UDAL can be deployed as Web Service, everyone will be able to access it to eliminate the tight integration with product.
Pathogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies recognize glycosylated epitopes and perturb oligodendrocyte physiology (2005)

Antibodies to myelin components are routinely detected in multiple sclerosis patients. However, their presence in some control subjects has made it difficult to determine their contribution to disease pathogenesis. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with either rat or human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) leads to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and comparable titers of anti-MOG antibodies as detected by ELISA. However, only immunization with human (but not rat) MOG results in a B cell-dependent EAE. In this study, we demonstrate that these pathogenic and nonpathogenic anti-MOG antibodies have a consistent array of differences in their recognition of antigenic determinants and biological effects. Specifically, substituting proline at position 42 with serine in human MOG (as in rat MOG) eliminates the B cell requirement for EAE. All MOG proteins analyzed induced high titers of anti-MOG (tested by ELISA), but only antisera from mice immunized with unmodified human MOG were encephalitogenic in primed B cell-deficient mice. Nonpathogenic IgGs bound recombinant mouse MOG and deglycosylated MOG in myelin (tested by Western blot), but only pathogenic IgGs bound glycosylated MOG. Only purified IgG to human MOG bound to live rodent oligodendrocytes in culture and, after cross-linking, induced repartitioning of MOG into lipid rafts, followed by dramatic changes in cell morphology. The data provide a strong link between in vivo and in vitro observations regarding demyelinating disease, further indicate a biochemical mechanism for anti-MOG-induced demyelination, and suggest in vitro tools for determining autoimmune antibody pathogenicity in multiple sclerosis patients.
Effect of alloxan diabetes on the fatty acid composition of the retina. (1969)

The fatty acid composition of untreated alloxan-diabetic and normal rat retinal tissue was compared and the relative abundance of endothelial and mural cells in the retinal capillaries was estimated. Arachidonate and docosahexaenoate were decreased in diabetic retinal tissue; linoleate was increased. The changes observed indicate that insulin is required to maintain a normal rate of polyenoic fatty acid synthesis in retinal tissue. No selective loss of mural cells from the retinal capillaries could be found.
Equivalence of ruled, holographic, and lamellar gratings in constant deviation mountings (1980)

By use of simple theoretical considerations on the efficiency dependence of a wide class of commercially available gratings, we obtained an empiric equivalence rule. This rule makes it possible to create equivalence classes of gratings that among themselves show a variety of profiles but have, as long as only two orders are propagating, efficiency curves lying very close to each other. The equivalence rule is visualized by drawing a nomogram. The rule and the grating nomogram serve as a basis for finding new and explaining old properties of ruled, holographic, and lamellar gratings.
THE INSECT ANTUUVENILE HORMONE ANALOGS II. THE SYNTHESIS OF TERPENOXY CHROMENE DERIVATIVES (1981)

In order to seek antijuvenile hormone analogs to improve silk production in Bombyx ori L., a series of preoocene mimics 12～31 were synthesized by alkalin catalysed condensation f hydroxychromenes 2, 8～11 with suitable substituted terpenyl halides. The spectral data and he physical and chemical constants of th terpenoxy chromene derivatives and related ntermediates as well as by-products were recorded (see table 2 in Chinese Text).
<scp>N</scp>i‐<scp>A</scp>l<sub>2</sub><scp>O</scp><sub>3</sub>/<scp>N</scp>i‐foam catalyst with enhanced heat transfer for hydrogenation of <scp>C</scp>O<sub>2</sub> to methane (2015)

Monolithic Ni‐Al 2 O 3 /Ni‐foam catalyst is developed by modified wet chemical etching of Ni‐foam, being highly active/selective and stable in strongly exothermic CO 2 methanation process. The as‐prepared catalysts are characterized by x‐ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and H 2 ‐temperature programmed reduction‐mass spectrometry. The results indicate that modified wet chemical etching method is working efficiently for one‐step creating and firmly embedding NiO‐Al 2 O 3 composite catalyst layer (∼2 μm) into the Ni‐foam struts. High CO 2 conversion of 90% and high CH 4 selectivity of >99.9% can be obtained and maintained for a feed of H 2 /CO 2 (molar ratio of 4/1) at 320°C and 0.1 MPa with a gas hourly space velocity of 5000 h −1 , throughout entire 1200 h test over 10.2 mL such monolithic catalysts. Computational fluid dynamics calculation and experimental measurement consistently confirm a dramatic reduction of “hotspot” temperature due to enhanced heat transfer. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 4323–4331, 2015
Synthesen und Umsetzungen der Thiacyclanon‐1,1‐dioxide mit Diazoalkanen (1977)

Abstract In Abhängigkeit von der Ringgliederzahl und der Lage von Carbonyl‐ und Sulfonylgruppe zueinander reagieren Thiacyclanon‐1,1‐dioxide 1a–e, 9, 13 und 15a mit Diazomethan bzw. ‐ethan zu Enolethern 2a–j , Epoxiden 4c, h, 10a, 14a, 17a , α‐Alkyl‐β‐ketosulfonen 3d, e,j oder zu ringerweiterten Ketosulfonen 5h,i, 7h, 11b, 12b, 15b, 16b und 18a . Die Enolether spalten leicht mit Mineralsäure zurück zu den β‐Ketosulfonen 1a‐e . Mit Diazoessigester in Gegenwart von Lewis‐Säuren entstehen die Ethoxycarbonylmethoxy‐Verbindungen 2k, I bzw. die ringerweiterten β‐Ketoester 5k–o, 7 m, n, 15c, 16c und 18c ; lediglich das γ‐Ketosulfon 9 gibt mit Diazoessigester neben dem Ringerweiterungsprodukt 11c den Glycidester 10c . Die β‐Ketoester lassen sich in guten Ausbeuten zu den Ketosulfonen verseifend decarboxylieren. Bei den Ringerweiterungen der Ketosulfone mit Diazoethan und Diazoessigester ist eine bevorzugte Insertion des Diazoalkanrestes zwischen C‐3 und C‐4 festzustellen.
Differential mode of action of high- and low-affinity CCK/gastrin receptor antagonists in growth inhibition of gastrin--responsive human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. (1993)

Exogenous gastrin exerted a trophic effect on the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS with a maximum stimulation at 100 pM. The CCK/gastrin receptor antagonists proglumide and loxiglumide dose-dependently inhibited spontaneous growth of AGS gastric cancer cells with half maximal inhibition at 8 mM and 200 microM, respectively. This growth inhibition could not be reversed by coincubation with gastrin. In control experiments with murine 3T3 fibroblasts gastrin had no growth-promoting effect. Proglumide and loxiglumide, however, exerted the same growth inhibition on 3T3 cells as they did on gastrin-responsive AGS tumor cells, suggesting a gastrin receptor independent mode of action. L 365, 260 had no effect on the spontaneous growth of AGS tumor cells, but abolished growth stimulation by exogenous gastrin in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that only the high-affinity gastrin receptor antagonist L 365, 260 acts by a specific, i.e. selective, reversible, and competitive mode of action. In contrast, the low affinity CCK/gastrin receptor antagonists proglumide and loxiglumide obviously have an irreversible and non-competitive mode of action with respect to growth inhibition of AGS gastric cancer cells, which is not mediated by gastrin receptors.
Quantitative analysis of stevioside in the leaves of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (1992)

Abstract Stevioside, a diterpenic glycoside extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni, is a natural sweetener 300 times sweeter than sucrose. HPLC is routinely used to measure stevioside content in Stevia leaves. Our objectives were to investigate the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyse stevioside concentration in Stevia leaves. The NIRS calibrations were developed from 64 samples covering the range normally found in Stevia leaves (4‐13%). Another 30 samples were used for validation. Standard error of calibration and coefficient of multiple determination ( R 2 ) were 1.47 and 0.90 respectively, using the first derivative mathematical treatment. The validation results, although less accurate, suggest that NIRS is a precise and simple method for routine stevioside determination in Stevia leaves.
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2014)

Jong-Yeol Lee1, Hye-Rang Beom1, Yeong-Tae Kim2, Sun-Hyung Lim1, Ung-Han Yoon1, Chang-Kug Kim1, Young-Joo Seol1, Chang-Hoon Lee1, Hye-Jung Lee1, and Young-Mi Kim1*. Korean J. Breed. Sci. 2014;46:342-52. https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.4.342
Cerebrospinal fluid collection in rats: modification of a previous technique. (1994)

Modification of a previously published technique for cerebrospinal fluid collection in rats is described. This technique uses general anesthesia, a supporting platform to flex the head-neck junction, a surgical approach to the dorsal atlanto-occipital region, and a micromanipulator to hold and control the approach of the collection needle. Critical steps for success of the procedure are correct positioning, avoiding premature incision of the subarachnoid space, and alignment of the collection needle with the midline and longitudinal axis of the head. The authors had a 95% success rate in obtaining > 0.1 ml of cerebrospinal fluid, using this technique.
Distributed Resource Allocation for OFDMA System with Half-Duplex Relay using Rateless Code (2007)

This paper considers the resource allocation problem in the wireless OFDMA systems with a relay node. We consider half-duplex relay in which the relay node cannot transmit and receive simultaneously on the same frequency. As a result, the use of relay node may enhance or degrade the system throughput depending on the instantaneous channel states between the source and relay, the relay and the destination as well as the source and destination. Hence, it is very important to dynamically adjust the resource (subcarrier) allocated to the relay node so that the relay is used only at the right time according to the instantaneous channel states. Conventional approaches dynamically schedule the usage of the relay node in a centralized manner in which full knowledge of the channel states between any two nodes in the network is required. However, perfect knowledge of the channel states at various nodes are very difficult to obtain. In this paper, we shall propose a distributed resource allocation algorithm on the OFDMA system with half-duplex relay by employing rateless code. Based on the ACK/NAK exchanges between the source, destination and relay, the proposed algorithm iteratively allocates resource to the source and relay, and converge to the close-to-optimal allocation within finite steps. The resource allocation algorithm has low complexity and provable convergence property. Asymptotic throughput performance of the proposed algorithm is derived. We show that the system achieves significant throughput gain compared to the point-to-point baseline system without relay as well as the baseline system with random subcarrier allocation.
An Adaptive Authentication Protocol based on Reputation for Peer-to-Peer System (2003)

The services on the Internet were previously focused on the server-oriented system, but recently changed into a kind of distributed computing, peer-to-peer (simply P2P) systems which can be applied to instant messaging, collaborate computing, etc. Like a real face-to-face trust rela- tionship, each peer with complicated trust relationship faced complex security problems. Especially, an authentication problem among peers will be an important issue. Although P2P network must not only provide pseudonymity but also satisfy strong authentication in case that a peer does busi- ness transaction with another one, most of current P2P services just adopt a weak authentication method using pseudonym and password. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Authentication Proto- col based on Reputation(AAPR) which can satisfy requirements ranging from pseudonymity to strong authentication based on certificate. Also we consider the context-dependent reputation concept and the minimization of certificate issuing cost by using dierent type of certificate under the concept of zero-dollar cost certificate if required.
Diffusion in Elastomers (1964)

Abstract In this paper the various aspects of diffusion of matter in rubber are reviewed. Besides diffusion itself, attention has been given to the closely related subjects of solubility in and permeation through rubber of foreign matter. First, a survey is given of the fundamental background, including the most important mathematical equations required for an experimental approach to diffusion, the interpretation of measurements, and the application of available data to specific problems. The subjects discussed include furthermore: self-diffusion; diffusion, solubility, and permeation of gases, organic liquids, water, and solids such as sulfur and other compounding ingredients in and through rubber; temperature dependence of diffusion; effect of modification of the rubber by vulcanization, aging, crystallization, and addition of fillers; various technical problems such as diffusion in composite rubber or in porous rubber and separation by diffusion. It is shown that many facts concerning diffusion in rubber can be satisfactorily explained and even predicted from the molecular properties of rubber and the diffusing substance. Knowledge of diffusion moreover offers an opportunity of gaining an insight into the intermolecular forces of rubber and this may help to understand polymer behavior when other properties are concerned.
Photodesulfurization of indoline-2-thiones: a facile synthesis of indoles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodesulfurization of indoline-2-thiones: a facile synthesis of indolesTakehiko NishioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 6, 1323–1326Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00241a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00241a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiresolution load balancing in curved space: the wavelet representation (1999)

A new load-balancing scheme based on a multiresolution analysis is developed for parallel particle simulations. Workloads are partitioned with a uniform 3-dimensional mesh in an adaptive curvilinear co-ordinate system which is represented by a wavelet basis. Simulated annealing is used to determine the optimal wavelet coefficients which minimize load imbalance and communication costs. Performance tests on a parallel computer involving up to 1.04 billion particles demonstrate the scalability of the new load balancer. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.