gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse Propagation in Multimode Dielectric Waveguides (1972)

Using coupled power equations to describe the average performance of a multimode waveguide with random coupling, it is shown that a Gaussian input pulse remains approximately Gaussian with a pulse width that increases proportionally to the square root of the length of the waveguide. The proportionality factor is determined for the model of a slab waveguide. Since coupling between guided modes of necessity causes coupling of some of the guided modes to radiation modes, radiation losses are un-avoidable. A desired improvement in pulse distortion that is accomplished by coupling the guided modes intentionally to each other must be paid for by a certain loss penalty. This loss penalty is also evaluated for the special case of the slab waveguide model. Pulse dispersion improvement can be achieved by providing intentional roughness of the core-cladding interface of the dielectric waveguide. The “power spectrum” of the core-cladding interface function must be designed very carefully in order to minimize the radiation loss penalty that accompanies any attempt to reduce pulse dispersion. The dependence of the loss penalty on the shape of the “power spectrum” of the core-cladding interface function is studied in this paper. Design criteria for the improvement of multimode pulse dispersion are given based on the slab waveguide model. The connection between the slab waveguide model and the round optical fiber is pointed out.
Studies on Carboxylato Complexes of Tricyclopentadienyl Cerium (IV) Chloride and Bisindenyl Cerium (IV) Dichloride (1971)

Abstract Tricyclopentadienyl Cerium (IV) chloride and bisindenyl cerium (IV) dichloride have been treated with sodium salts of the appropriate carboxylic acids in benzene or tetrahydrofuran medium to give (C 5 H 3 ) 3 Ce(R) and (C 9 H 7 ) 2 Ce(R) 2 wherein R is HCOO, CH 3 COO, C 2 H 5 COO, C 3 H 7 COO and C 6 H 5 COO. The infrared spectra, thermal stabilities and other characteristics of the above compounds have been studied and reported.
The efficiency of some natural drugs in the treatment of burns. (1992)

In this paper we present an original product for burns. It is an ointment with bacteriostatic, bactericidal and epithelializing action and it is make up in accordance with technology of sunflower oil, beeswax, sintopholin, chloramphenicol, procaine, and vitamin E. An experimental study on burnt animals in order to prove the efficiency of the product was carried out. For histological investigation tegument was collected from the burnt area. A rapid evolution of epithelialization was found in case of treated animals as distinguished from control sample, where the infected crust was far from being healed. We also present some photos in account with the upper fact.
Genesis of Sindbis virus by in vivo recombination of nonreplicative RNA precursors (1995)

Genetically engineered RNA transcripts coding for various Sindbis virus (SIN) genes were used to study structure and sequence requirements of RNA recombination in BHK cells. Three different groups of RNA transcripts were made: (i) RNAs which retain the ability to replicate and which carry sequences coding for either viral polymerase or viral structural proteins; (ii) RNAs which lack the complete 3' end of the SIN genome and thus are incapable of replicating; and (iii) RNAs which lack the complete 5' end of the SIN genome and also are incapable of replicating. BHK cells were transfected with specific combinations of these precursor RNAs, and virus production and RNA synthetic abilities of the released virus were determined. We demonstrate in vivo generation of infectious SIN by fusion of (i) replicative RNAs to nonreplicative RNAs and (ii) two nonreplicative RNA precursors. Both homologous and nonhomologous types of recombinations were observed. In the homologous type of recombination, a 694-nucleotide overlap at the crossover region of the first pair of precursors resulted in the addition of an A residue converting the UAG stop codon of nonstructural protein P4 to a UAA stop codon. In the nonhomologous type of recombination, the crossover sites contained deletion of up to 76 nucleotides from one of the precursors and complete preservation of junction sequence from the other precursor. This is also the first report that a cytoplasmic RNA virus can be generated from biologically nonreplicative RNA precursors. These results have implications for initiation of viral RNA synthesis and recombination between RNA viral genomes in general. We favor template switching as a mechanism for the fusion events described here and suggest inclusion of polymerase scanning of diverse nonreplicative RNAs as an inherent feature of the copy choice model of RNA recombination. Very importantly, the facile nature of RNA recombination occurring between nonreplicative RNA precursors should speed up the production and analysis of targeted mutants of SIN and possibly other RNA viruses.
A Cortical Mechanism for Triggering Top-Down Facilitation in Visual Object Recognition (2003)

The majority of the research related to visual recognition has so far focused on bottom-up analysis, where the input is processed in a cascade of cortical regions that analyze increasingly complex information. Gradually more studies emphasize the role of top-down facilitation in cortical analysis, but it remains something of a mystery how such processing would be initiated. After all, top-down facilitation implies that high-level information is activated earlier than some relevant lower-level information. Building on previous studies, I propose a specific mechanism for the activation of top-down facilitation during visual object recognition. The gist of this hypothesis is that a partially analyzed version of the input image (i.e., a blurred image) is projected rapidly from early visual areas directly to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This coarse representation activates in the PFC expectations about the most likely interpretations of the input image, which are then back-projected as an "initial guess" to the temporal cortex to be integrated with the bottom-up analysis. The top-down process facilitates recognition by substantially limiting the number of object representations that need to be considered. Furthermore, such a rapid mechanism may provide critical information when a quick response is necessary.
Nonlinear optical endoscopy with micro-structured photonic crystal fibers (2016)

Nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) is a very powerful tool for live tissue imaging. It does not require staining of the samples and offers high spatial resolution and molecular specificity. Thanks to the combination of different nonlinear contrast mechanisms, such as two-photon fluorescence (TPEF), second harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), NLOM is now emerging as a serious candidate for future in-vivo label-free optical histology. However, the translation of nonlinear imaging into clinics depends very much on the development of miniature and portable endoscope probes. One main issue is represented by the transmission of the excitation ultra-short pulses with optical fibers. Pulse propagation in classical silica fibers is affected by a number of problems, such as temporal and spectral broadening, or generation of a strong background at the CARS wavelength. 
In this thesis, we propose the use of a novel type of photonic crystal fiber, the Kagome lattice hollow core fiber, for the delivery of ultra-short pulses in nonlinear endoscopy. These fibers allow undistorted pulse delivery, over a broad transmission window, with minimum background signal generated in the fiber, thanks to the propagation in a hollow-core. We solved the problem of spatial resolution by means of a silica micro-bead inserted in the Kagome fiber large core. We have developed a miniature imaging system, based on a piezo-electric tube scanner, an achromatic micro-lenses assembly and a custom design Kagome double-clad fiber. With this system we were able to image biological tissues, in endoscope modality, activating different contrasts such as TPEF, SHG and CARS, a result which finds no equal in current literature. The integration in a portable probe (4.2 mm in diameter) shows the potential of this system for future in-vivo multimodal endoscopy.
Disturbances of colonic motility in mouse models of Hirschsprung's disease (2008)

Mutations in genes encoding members of the GDNF and endothelin-3 (Et-3) signaling pathways can cause Hirschsprung's disease, a congenital condition associated with an absence of enteric neurons in the distal gut. GDNF signals through Ret, a receptor tyrosine kinase, and Et-3 signals through endothelin receptor B (Ednrb). The effects of Gdnf, Ret, and ET-3 haploinsufficiency and a null mutation in ET-3 on spontaneous motility patterns in adult and developing mice were investigated. Video recordings were used to construct spatiotemporal maps of spontaneous contractile patterns in colon from postnatal and adult mice in vitro. In Ret(+/-) and ET-3(+/-) mice, which have normal numbers of enteric neurons, colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) displayed similar properties under control conditions and following inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity to wild-type mice. In the colon of Gdnf(+/-) mice and in the ganglionic region of ET-3(-/-) mice, there was a 50-60% reduction in myenteric neuron number. In Gdnf(+/-) mice, CMMCs were present, but abnormal, and the proportion of myenteric neurons containing NOS was not different from that of wild-type mice. In the ganglionic region of postnatal ET-3(-/-) mice, CMMCs were absent, and the proportion of myenteric neurons containing NOS was over 100% higher than in wild-type mice. Thus impairments in spontaneous motility patterns in the colon of Gdnf(+/-) mice and in the ganglionic region of ET-3(-/-) mice are correlated with a reduction in myenteric neuron density.
Synthesis of Pyrrole, Pyrrolidone, Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole, Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine and Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Derivatives (1988)

A facile and one step route for the synthesis of substituted pyrroie derivatives >-g from r e a ~t i a n of ethyl arylidenecyanoacetate (2 with glycine (2) was reported.Also the pyrroiidone derivative , I ?was formed upon reaction of benzyiidenemalononitrile (7) with _Z The synthesized has been used as a precursor in the syntheses of pyrraio[3,4-clpyraroie 13, pyrroio[3,2-blpyri--dine 15 or its tautomer 16 and pyrrolo[3,2-blpyrroie derivatives laThe considerable biological activities of pyrroie derivatives have stimulated considerable research in 5 this field '-4. in continuation to our previous work dealing with the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives , we report here a facile and one step procedure for the preparation of substituted pyrroie and pyrroiidone derivatives.Alw, the syntheses of pyrroio [3,4-clpyrazole, pyrrolo[J,Z-b]pyridine and
ChemInform Abstract: AMORPHOUS TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS: THE CADMIUM OXIDE‐TIN DIOXIDE SYSTEM (1981)

Abstract Es werden aufgestäubte amorphe Schichten beschrieben, die aus 20‐80 mol‐% CdO in SnO 2 bestehen.
The Eaton® Ceemat™ Ate Transmission (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Eaton® CEEMAT™ Automatic Transmission was introduced to the commercial market in 1988. The CEEMAT (Converter Enhanced Electronically Managed Automatic Transmission) is currently used in traditional on/off highway applications such as front discharge mixers, dump trucks, refuse haulers and other specialty vehicles, as well as on-highway vocations such as coaches, motorhomes, and general highway applications needing an automatic transmission.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In 1993, Eaton developed and began producing the CEEMAT ATE model transmission. This model incorporates a communication link with the engine to provide compatibility with electronically controlled engines.</div>
Prediction of flicker produced by wind turbines (1998)

Electrical flicker is a measure of voltage variations which may cause disturbances to consumers. Flicker is caused by both generators and loads connected to the network. This paper discusses the various issues which affect electrical flicker from wind turbines, and describes the development of a software tool capable of predicting, at the design stage, the flicker which would be produced by a wind turbine, or by a wind farm of similar turbines, on a particular network. The paper describes the modelling of the physical dynamics of the wind turbine and the turbulence in the wind which drives it, the electrical dynamics of the generator, and the network itself with various types of embedded consumer loads. Measurements carried out on two different 1 MW wind turbines have been used to validate the models. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security, Privacy, and Safety Aspects of Civilian Drones (2016)

The market for civilian unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, is expanding rapidly as new applications are emerging to incorporate the use of civilian drones in our daily lives. On one hand, the convenience of offering certain services via drones is attractive. On the other hand, the mere operation of these airborne machines, which rely heavily on their cyber capabilities, poses great threats to people and property. Also, while the Federal Aviation Administration NextGen project aims to integrate civilian drones into the national airspace, the regulation is still a work-in-progress and does not cope with their threats. This article surveys the main security, privacy, and safety aspects associated with the use of civilian drones in the national airspace. In particular, we identify both the physical and cyber threats of such systems and discuss the security properties required by their critical operation environment. We also identify the research challenges and possible future directions in the fields of civilian drone security, safety, and privacy. Based on our investigation, we forecast that security will be a central enabling technology for the next generation of civilian unmanned aerial vehicles.
Conceptual graphs for semantics and knowledge processing (1986)

This paper discusses the representational and algorithmic power of the conceptual graph model for natural language semantics and knowledge processing. Also described is a Prolog-like resolution method for conceptual graphs, which allows one to perform deduction on very large semantic domains. The interpreter that we have developed is similar to a Prolog interpreter in which the terms are any conceptual graphs and in which the unification algorithm is replaced by a specialized algorithm for conceptual graphs.
Polarized Light-emitting Diode with Its InGaN/GaN Quantum Well Coupled with Surface Plasmons on a Metal Grating (2009)

The enhanced and partially polarized output of a green light-emitting diode, in which its InGaN/GaN quantum well couples with surface plasmons on an Ag grating structure, is demonstrated by comparing with the conventionally fabricated devices.
Temporary epicardial pacing after cardiac surgery: a practical review (2007)

Epicardial wires allow temporary pacing after cardiac surgery. Pacing is often the best, and sometimes the only method of treating temporary rhythm disturbances in this context. Temporary epicardial pacing has evolved from simple one-chamber systems to dual chamber, biatrial, and even biventricular systems. The first part of this two-part review provides an overview of the management of temporary epicardial pacing systems. Factors influencing the placement of the various types of epicardial wires and the routine care of a pacemaker-dependent patient are outlined, followed by a description of the diagnostic use of pacing wires, how to remove wires, and when to consider transition to permanent pacing. Special circumstances such as compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging and intra-aortic balloon pumps are also discussed. The second part of this review will describe the various pacing modes, and solutions to common pacing problems using various adjustable parameters.
Bacterial hypermutation: clinical implications (2011)

Heritable hypermutation in bacteria is mainly due to alterations in the methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) system. MMR-deficient strains have been described from several bacterial species, and all of the strains exhibit increased mutation frequency and recombination, which are important mechanisms for acquired drug resistance in bacteria. Antibiotics select for drug-resistant strains and refine resistance determinants on plasmids, thus stimulating DNA recombination via the MMR system. Antibiotics can also act as indirect promoters of antibiotic resistance by inducing the SOS system and certain error-prone DNA polymerases. These alterations have clinical consequences in that efficacious treatment of bacterial infections requires high doses of antibiotics and/or a combination of different classes of antimicrobial agents. There are currently few new drugs with low endogenous resistance potential, and the development of such drugs merits further research.
Nasal airway resistance and complications following functional septoplasty: a ten-year follow-up study. (1994)

Functional septoplasty was performed upon 63 patients to relief nasal obstruction due to septal deviation. The effect of the operation on pre-operative nasal airway resistance was assessed by anterior rhinomanometry at three months (63 patients) and 10 years (35 patients), post-operatively. The operation reduced nasal airway resistance in both the short-term (three months) and long-term (10 years) groups. At the late follow-up, inadequate results were found in six out of 37 patients examined. Two patients had septal perforations.
Decision Feedback Equalizers Using the Back-Gate Feedback Technique (2011)

A merged adder/D-type flip-flop (DFF) is presented by using the back-gate feedback technique. By using this merged adder/DFF, a slicerless one-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a cascaded DFE are fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology. For a cable loss of 12 dB and a 30-Gb/s pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> - 1, the measured bit error rate of the slicerless one-tap DFE is below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> . Its power dissipation is 27 mW from a 1-V supply. For a cable loss of 12 dB and a 30-Gb/s PRBS of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> - 1, the measured bit error rate of the cascaded DFE is below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . This cascaded DFE consumes 55 mW from a 1-V supply.
Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (1992)

Abstract Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumours while Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL) are often used as an adjunct in cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)‐induced mutagenesis using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 as the bacterial tester strain and rat liver 9000 × g supernatant as the metabolic activation system. The effects of these herbs on [ 3 H]BapP binding to calf thymus DNA and formation of BaP‐DNA adducts were assessed. Organosoluble and water‐soluble metabolites of BaP were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and alumina column liquid chromatography. Mutagenesis assays revealed that all four herbs produced a significant concentration‐dependent inhibition of His + revertants induced by BaP. At a concentration of 1.5 mg/plate, SB and OD in combination exhibited an additive effect, whereas AM and LL in combination demonstrated an antagonistic effect. The trend of inhibition of these four herbs on BaP‐induced mutagenesis was: SB > LL > OD > AM. LL, OD and SB significantly inhibited BaP binding to DNA. LL and SB significantly reduced BaP‐DNA adduct formation and SB significantly decreased formation of organosoluble metabolites of BaP. Our data suggest that these Chinese medicinal herbs possess cancer chemopreventive properties.
Simulation and control design of a gliding autogyro for precision airdrop (2005)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005.
New non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues (1997)

Current treatments for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) remain far from ideal. The universal finding of islet dysfunction characterised by the absence of first phase insulin secretion, even prior to the level of hyperglycaemia diagnostic of NIDDM, challenges the rationale for treatments that only enhance insulin action. To date, however, the sulfonylureas are the only insulin secretagogues available and even the most rapid acting of these fail to restore early insulin release in response to meals. Four novel non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues are in advanced clinical development: A-4166, KAD-1229, BTS 67 582 and repaglinide. These promising new agents control prandial hyperglycaemia by augmenting the early insulin response to meals. Preclinical and early clinical data suggest that their potencies vary considerably, as do their pharmacokinetics and, importantly, their pharmacodynamics. The two shortest-acting compounds, A-4166 and KAD-1229, will be developed to be taken prior to each main meal, while the slower, longer duration agents, repaglinide and BTS 67 582, may be developed to be taken twice daily. With a sufficiently rapid onset and short duration of action, the new non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues may improve or even restore the impairment of early insulin secretion without inducing the prolonged hyperinsulinaemia characteristic of sulfonylureas. Treatment with these new agents will immediately improve prandial glucose control and with continued treatment these agents are expected to improve the overall metabolic state. Furthermore, a short-acting secretagogue will have minimal propensity to elicit prolonged or delayed hypoglycaemia and it is expected that by minimising chronic hyperinsulinaemia the weight gain that accompanies sulfonylurea treatment will be avoided. In summary, the new non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues will make an important contribution to the limited and inadequate armamentarium currently available for the treatment of NIDDM, and their use in combination with insulin sensitising agents may provide, for the first time, an approximation to ideal metabolic control in NIDDM.