gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide homologs, isosteres, and isomers: A general approach to structure–activity relationships (1985)

Abstract A general approach to study peptide structure is presented using three areas of ongoing research in our laboratories. The first involves the molecular basis for taste of peptide derivatives. We synthesized dipeptides based on L ‐aspartyl‐α‐aminocycloalkane carboxylic acid methyl ester. A homologous series of cycloalkane derivatives was studied. The cyclopropane, cyclobutane, and cyclopentane derivatives are sweet, the cyclohexane and cycloheptane peptides are bitter, and the cyclooctane homolog is tasteless. The related acyclic analog L ‐aspartyl‐aminoisobutyric acid methyl ester is sweet, while the L ‐aspartyl diethyl glycine carboxylic acid methyl ester is tasteless. A model is presented to explain these experimental observations. The second area involves depsipeptides as isosteric replacements of α‐hydroxy acids for amino acid residues in peptide chains. We have synthesized sequentially defined polydepsipeptides as model systems for polypeptides. A detailed analysis of the conformational order for these polydepsipeptides is presented. The third area involves partial retro–inverso peptide modifications of isomeric cyclic enkephalin analogs, which illustrate the relationship between the modification and biological activity. We are probing the intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding features for these biologically active molecules. From such findings we are relating the structural and conformational preferences deduced from spectroscopy and molecular mechanics to biological activity.
Implementation of Histogram Based Soft-Tissue Segmentation for Single Spiral Transmission Scanning in Whole Body PET (2008)

3D continuous emission and spiral transmission (CEST) scanning provides a high-throughput whole-body PET study by using two dedicated detectors for 3D emission and singles transmission, together with continuous bed movement. To supress the amount of transmission scatter components (TSC) in singles transmission data, the transmission detector was designed to have a short axial extent with a highly collimated <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs point source, and to remove the amount of emission contamination (EC) in post-injection scanning, real-time EC correction was implemented. However, transmission images can be still affected by residual EC and TSC, depending on patient size and injected dose. This produces slight variations in attenuation coefficients, depending on the patient's axial and radial positions. In this study, we developed a new soft-tissue segmentation (STS) method based on histogram scaling at each axial position of the spiral transmission. Peaks, corresponding to soft-tissue in a histogram of attenuation coefficients, were found at each axial position and the transmission image was scaled using the ratio of soft-tissue histogram peaks to the theoretical water attenuation coefficient. In scaled transmission images, pixel values near soft-tissue peaks were replaced with their theoretical water attenuation coefficients. Quantitative evaluation of the transmission images obtained was performed under various acquisition conditions, both with and without the proposed STS method. Final imaging performance evaluations included quantification of emission images reconstructed using both STS attenuation correction and hybrid scatter correction. Results showed that the proposed STS method for spiral transmission scanning provided quantitative images that contained activity, independent of object size.
Molecular epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Peste des Petits Ruminants. (2007)

African Swine Fever (ASF) and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) are two highly contagious and fatal diseases of domestic pigs and small ruminants, respectively. For the control and eradication of these diseases, it is helpful to find out their origin and their mode of propagation. One of the options is the molecular tracing of the isolates based on partial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We thus performed a molecular epidemiology study on ASFV using five different genes. All of them allowed the segregation of the isolates in large regional groups, but none of them were able to discriminate at a local level. Two genes (p. 22 and p. 32) were however found to be the most variable. They were concatenated to increase distinction between local isolates. The occurrence of PPR outbreaks in three districts of Tajikistan allowed us to genetically characterize the causal strain. Partial sequence of its N protein gene was compared with the one of 43 other strains isolated since 1968 in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. The study demonstrated the value of the partial sequence of the N gene for the comparison of isolates obtained over an extended period of time and from various geographical origins.
A CLASS OF SEPARABILITY FLEXIBLE FUNCTIONAL FORMS (1992)

Quadratic flexible forms, such as the translog and generalized Leontief, are separability inflexible. That is, separability restrictions render them inflexible with regard to separable structures. A class functional forms is proposed that is flexible with regard to general production structures and remains flexible regarding weakly separable structures when separability restrictions are imposed, thus permitting tests of the separability hypothesis. Additionally, the restricted forms are parsimonious; that is they contain the minimum number of parameters with which flexibility can be achieved.
Segregation of motor and sensory axons regenerating through bicompartmental tubes by combining extracellular matrix components with neurotrophic factors (2017)

Segregation of regenerating motor and sensory axons may be a good strategy to improve selective functionality of regenerative interfaces to provide closed-loop commands. Provided that extracellular matrix components and neurotrophic factors exert guidance effects on different neuronal populations, we assessed in vivo the potential of separating sensory and motor axons regenerating in a bicompartmental Y-type tube, with each branch prefilled with an adequate combination of extracellular matrix and neurotrophic factors. The severed rat sciatic nerve was repaired using a bicompartmental tube filled with a collagen matrix enriched with fibronectin (FN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) encapsulated in poly-lactic co-glycolic acid microspheres (FN + MP.BDNF) in one compartment to preferentially attract motor axons and collagen enriched with laminin (LM) and nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in microspheres (LM + MP.NGF/NT-3) in the other compartment for promoting sensory axons regeneration. Control animals were implanted with the same Y-tube with a collagen matrix with microspheres (MP) containing PBS (Col + MP.PBS). By using retrotracer labelling, we found that LM + MP.NGF/NT-3 did not attract higher number of regenerated sensory axons compared with controls, and no differences were observed in sensory functional recovery. However, FN + MP.BDNF guided a higher number of regenerating motor axons compared with controls, improving also motor recovery. A small proportion of sensory axons with large soma size, likely proprioceptive neurons, was also attracted to the FN + MP.BDNF compartment. These results demonstrate that muscular axonal guidance can be modulated in vivo by the addition of fibronectin and BDNF.
Hydrosilylation of Allyl Alcohol with [HSiMe<sub>2</sub>OSiO<sub>1.5</sub>]<sub>8</sub>: Octa(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane and Its Octamethacrylate Derivative as Potential Precursors to Hybrid Nanocomposites (2000)

Octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (OHPS) can be synthesized by direct hydrosilylation of allyl alcohol with octakis(dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane, (HSiMe2O)Si8O12 (Q8M8H), using platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane [Pt(dvs)] as catalyst. Surprisingly, C-hydrosilylation occurs in preference to O-silylation. Hydrosilylation of trimethylsiloxy-2-propene with Q8M8H, followed by desilylation also gives pure OHPS. OHPS reacts with methacryloyl chloride to give octakis(3-methacryloxypropyl-dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (OMPS), a thermal and UV/vis curable precursor to organic/inorganic nanocomposites. Direct hydrosilylation of Q8M8H with 2-allyloxyethanol also proceeds primarily via C- rather than O-silylation. In contrast, compounds such as 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H), 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) or terminal Si−H functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS-H, MW = 400), give significant amounts of O-silylation along with C-silylation. Initial catalyst concentration studies suggest that the catalytic cycle requires the intermediacy of Pt cluster complexes in contrast to recent studies on the mechanism of hydrosilylation which suggest monometallic complex catalysis.
[Ti<sub>8</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(OOC<i>R</i>)<sub>12</sub>] [<i>R</i> = CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and CCl<sub>3</sub>] Carboxylate Titanium Oxo‐Clusters: Potential SBUs for the Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks (2013)

Abstract The synthesis and the characterization of a new octanuclear carboxylated titanium oxo‐cluster [Ti 8 O 10 (OOC R ) 12 ] [ R = CH(CH 3 ) 2 and CCl 3 ] is reported. The structure was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It consists in four vertices‐linked pairs of edge‐sharing TiO 6 octahedra, presenting μ2 and μ3 oxygen atoms. 17 O and 13 C liquid state NMR was performed with results in full accordance with the structure determined by X‐ray diffraction. During synthesis, solvothermal conditions and a large excess of carboxylic acid allow to remove all alkoxo ligands of the titanium alkoxide precursor and lead to stable purely carboxylate clusters. This family of clusters can therefore be considered as interesting SBUs to elaborate new metal‐organic frameworks.
Summary of the satellite workshop on thermal problems of synchrotron radiation optics (1992)

Highlights of a workshop on thermal problems of synchrotron radiation optics, a satellite meeting of the 4th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, will be presented. The most recent theoretical concepts and experimental results in studies of the thermal distortion of components exposed to the high heat loads of synchrotron radiation were discussed. Presentations were made on a variety of cooling techniques such as adaptive optical components, cryogenic cooling, nonstandard geometries (e.g., thin crystals and inclined crystals), and specialized materials (e.g., beryllium single crystals and multilayers), all of which attempt to mitigate the thermal effects on the performance of the x-ray optical components.
Some interesting gastrojejunal lesions (1948)

Journal Article Some interesting gastrojejunal lesions Get access James Moroney James Moroney Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 35, Issue 140, April 1948, Pages 374–376, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18003514004 Published: 05 December 2005
Generalized interstitial granuloma annulare – response to adalimumab (2010)

Although adalimumab should not be first line therapy for granuloma annulare, our case showed that it may profit well-selected patients and shorten disease duration.
Preliminary ultracentrifuge studies of the polyelectrolyte behaviour of Welan gum (2007)

Sedimentation velocity and synthetic boundary diffusion studies have been undertaken for aqueous solutions of the branched microbial polysaccharide welan gum. Centrifugation and filtration to remove insoluble material from the crude gum is shown also to remove a proportion of soluble high molar mass material. Purified welan which has been dialysed exhaustively against distilled water to remove low molar mass impurities exhibits typical polyelectrolyte behaviour in saltfree solution: an enhanced apparent diffusion coefficient and diminished sedimentation coefficient at modest polymer concentrations, and a dramatic drop in apparent diffusion coefficient at concentrations below 0.6 g dm−3. In the presence of a salt, welan solutions exhibit ‘weak gel’ behaviour. At NaCl concentrations greater than about 0.1 mol dm−3, sedimentation velocity shows no evidence of charge effects or conformational change. The solution behaviour may reflect a stable double-helical structure, stabilized by interactions between side chains and carboxylate groups in the polysaccharide backbone, coupled with weak association between double-helices.
Amiodarone (1987)

IN December 1985, amiodarone (Cordarone) was approved in the United States for treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It is effective not only in these arrhythmias but also in less severe ventricular arrhythmias and many supraventricular arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and reentrant tachyarrhythmias involving accessory pathways. Its approval restricts its use to serious ventricular tachyarrhythmias, because amiodarone produces numerous side effects, some of which are serious.PharmacokineticsAmiodarone is absorbed slowly (the peak level is reached four to five hours after an oral dose), with low bioavailability that varies markedly among individuals.1 , 2 This low availability, and perhaps the variability, are thought . . .
1537: Relationship between Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and Total Prostate Volume (TPV) in Japanese Men (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00pm1 Apr 20041537: Relationship between Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and Total Prostate Volume (TPV) in Japanese Men Amit Gupta, Corinne Aragaki, Momokazu Gotoh, Naoya Masumori, Shinichi Oshima, Taiji Tsukamoto, and Claus G. Roehrbom Amit GuptaAmit Gupta , Corinne AragakiCorinne Aragaki , Momokazu GotohMomokazu Gotoh , Naoya MasumoriNaoya Masumori , Shinichi OshimaShinichi Oshima , Taiji TsukamotoTaiji Tsukamoto , and Claus G. RoehrbomClaus G. Roehrbom View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38745-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1537: Relationship between Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and Total Prostate Volume (TPV) in Japanese Men." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 404–405 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 404-405 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Amit Gupta More articles by this author Corinne Aragaki More articles by this author Momokazu Gotoh More articles by this author Naoya Masumori More articles by this author Shinichi Oshima More articles by this author Taiji Tsukamoto More articles by this author Claus G. Roehrbom More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Second-harmonic fundamental-mode slotted peniotron (2002)

Summary form only given. The harmonic peniotron has been demonstrated to be a highly efficient generator of millimeter-wave power (Ishihara et al., 1999). Since a practical peniotron design must provide immunity to mode competition from gyrotron interactions as well as high device efficiency, the UC Davis peniotron design (McDermott et al., 2000) employs an overcoupled interaction cavity for a predicted device efficiency of 47% at 34 GHz. Stability will be ensured by operation in the lowest order mode of a slotted four-vane (magnetron type) circuit, the pi/2 mode. The TE11-like pi/2 mode couples well to the TE11 mode of the circular output waveguide through the 2.5 mm radius iris at the end of the cavity. The output diffraction coupling configuration results in heavy loading of higher order axial modes and avoids mode conversion in the output waveguide. For diagnostic purposes, the experimental device will also incorporate side-wall coupling to the cavity. The peniotron will operate with a 70 kV, 3.5 A, vt/vz=1.5, axis-encircling electron beam generated by a recently developed Northrop Grumman Cusp gun (Gallagher et al., 2000). Large-signal simulation of the interaction predicts an electronic efficiency of 58% and an extracted power output of 120 kW (47% device efficiency). The overall efficiency can be raised to 57% by use of a depressed collector.
Ferrocene based organometallic gelators: a supramolecular synthon approach (2011)

The supramolecular synthon namely primary ammonium dicarboxylate (PAD) synthon has been exploited to generate a new series of salt based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) derived from ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and primary amines Me–(CH2)n–NH2 (n = 3–15). While most of the salts are capable of forming gels with DMSO and DMF, nearly all of them show a tendency to form gels with at least one of the solvents studied. Structure property correlation based on single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data in combination with optical-, scanning-, and transmission-electron microscopy reveals that the supramolecular synthon approach adopted herein for designing LMWGs is indeed useful and allows one to get an easy access to a new series of organometallic gelators.
Turbulent Skin-Friction Drag Reduction By Active and Passive Means. Part 1. Everything you wanted to Know about Riblets, LEBUs and Other Devices, (1992)

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to provide a current overview of turbulent skin friction drag reduction concepts which have potential for reducing aircraft fuel consumption. Then, this review lectures will be organized around four main topics. First, after briefly reviewing what is known about the structure of the turbulent boundary layer, possible mechanisms for both active and passive devices will be discussed ; concentrating on techniques offering nett drag benefits, either through inner or outer layer manipulation. Indeed, both experimental and numerical results will be presented for these boundary layer manipulators. Available data and computer model predictions for low and high subsonic speeds, transonic conditions, and supersonic flow (including flight tests) will be reviewed.
Influence of Tidal Volume on Alveolar Recruitment (2001)

Both reduction in tidal volume (VT) and alveolar recruitment may be important to limit ventilator-associated lung injury during mechanical ventilation of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to assess the risk of alveolar derecruitment associated with VT reduction from 10 to 6 ml/kg. Whether this VT-related derecruitment could be reversed, either by a recruitment maneuver or by an increase in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, was also investigated. Fifteen patients with ARDS were successively ventilated using conventional VT (CVT = 10 +/- 1 ml/kg) and low VT (LVT = 6 +/- 1 ml/ kg); total PEEP (PEEPtot) was individually set at the lower inflection point (Plip) of the pressure-volume curve (PEEPtot = 11 +/- 4 cm H(2)O). Pressure-volume curves were recorded from zero PEEP (ZEEP) and from PEEP, and recruited volume (Vrec) was calculated as the volume difference between the two curves for a given pressure. Despite a similar PEEPtot, Vrec was significantly lower with LVT than with CVT, indicating low VT-induced alveolar derecruitment. Reduction in VT was associated with a reduced Sa(O(2)). In 10 patients, Vrec was also measured before and after a recruitment maneuver (two sustained inflations at 45 cm H(2)O), and after an increase in PEEP (by 4 cm H(2)O). Low VT-induced derecruitment was reversed by a recruitment maneuver and by increasing PEEP. We conclude that a reduction in VT could be responsible for alveolar derecruitment, which may be transiently reversed by a reexpansion maneuver or prevented by a PEEP increase above Plip.
Conjugated Dopamine in Human Ventricular Fluid (1981)

Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) constituents is the most direct approach available for study of cerebral neurotransmitter release and turnover in man. Numerous studies have demonstrated that neurotransmitter amines and their metabolites in CSF derive from the central nervous system and not from peripheral tissues (Pletscher et al., 1967; Moir et al., 1970; Garelis et al., 1974). CSF amine metabolite concentrations have also been shown to reflect neuronal aminergic activity in adjacent brain structures (Portig and Vogt, 1969; Moir et al., 1970; Papeschi et al., 1971). Because sensitive fluorometric methods have been available for measuring homovanillic acid (HVA), the major metabolite of dopamine, there have been numerous studies of lumbar CSF concentrations of HVA in patients with psychiatric or neurological disorders (for reviews, see Wood, 1980). Due to the presence of mediated transport systems for removal of organic acids from CSF (Wolfson et al., 1974), there have been questions about the extent to which lumbar CSF acid metabolite concentrations reflect cerebral aminergic activity. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, which is important in regulation of movement, terminates in the caudate nuclei directly adjacent to the lateral ventricles.
VirE1 is a specific molecular chaperone for the exported single‐stranded‐DNA‐binding protein VirE2 in <i>Agrobacterium</i> (1999)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces tumours on plants by transferring a nucleoprotein complex, the T-complex, from the bacterium to the plant cell. The T-complex consists of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) segment, the T-DNA, and VirD2, an endonuclease covalently attached to the 5' end of the T-DNA. A type IV secretion system encoded by the virB operon and virD4 is required for the entry of the T-complex and VirE2, a ssDNA-binding protein, into plant cells. The VirE1 protein is specifically required for the export of the VirE2 protein, as demonstrated by extracellular complementation and tumour formation. In this report, using a yeast two-hybrid system, we demonstrated that the VirE1 and VirE2 proteins interact and confirmed this interaction by in vitro binding assays. Although VirE2 is a ssDNA-binding protein, addition of ssDNA into the binding buffer did not interfere with the interaction of VirE1 and VirE2. VirE2 also interacts with itself, but the interaction between VirE1 and VirE2 is stronger than the VirE2 self-interaction, as measured in a lacZ reporter gene assay. In addition, the interaction of VirE2 with itself is inhibited by VirE1, indicating that VirE2 binds VirE1 preferentially. Analysis of various virE2 deletions indicated that the VirE1 interaction domain of VirE2 overlaps the VirE2 self-interaction domain. Incubation of extracts from Escherichia coli overexpressing His-VirE1 with the extracts of E. coli overexpressing His-VirE2 increased the yield of His-VirE2 in the soluble fraction. In a similar purified protein solubility assay, His-VirE1 increased the amount of His-VirE2 partitioning into the soluble fraction. In Agrobacterium, VirE2 was undetectable in the soluble protein fraction unless VirE1 was co-expressed. When urea was added to solubilize any large protein aggregates, a low level of VirE2 was detected. These results indicate that VirE1 prevents VirE2 from aggregating, enhances the stability of VirE2 and, perhaps, maintains VirE2 in an export-competent state. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the VirE1 protein revealed that the VirE1 protein shares a number of properties with molecular chaperones that are involved in the transport of specific proteins into animal and plant cells using type III secretion systems. We suggest that VirE1 functions as a specific molecular chaperone for VirE2, the first such chaperone linked to the presumed type IV secretion system.
Randomized control trial of lipo-prostaglandin E1 in patients with acute liver injury induced by Lipiodol-targeted chemotherapy* (1995)

Combined lipo-PGE1/glucagon-insulin therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for the prevention of acute hepatic failure.
Applications of mass-spectrometry in polymer analysis - Use of GC-GC-high resolution MS to identify photodative and oxidative-degradation products of BPA-polycarbonate (1988)

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