gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The value of fludarabine in addition to ARA-C and G-CSF in the treatment of patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and AML in elderly patients (2003)

Fludarabine in addition to cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) increases the accumulation of ARA-C-5'-triphosphate (ARA-CTP), which is responsible for the cytotoxic effect in leukemic blasts. In a randomized phase 3 trial, patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 91) or elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 43) were randomized to receive 2 induction courses consisting of ARA-C (2 g/m2 days 1 through 5) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (filgrastim, 5 microg/kg) during and after chemotherapy with or without fludarabine (25 mg/m2, days 1 through 5) (FLAG versus AG). Consolidation consisted of daunorubicin (45 mg/m2, days 1 through 3) and ARA-C (200 mg/m2, days 1 through 7). Complete remission (CR) rate following AG was 65% versus 71% with FLAG (P =.49). Overall survival (OS) at 24 months was 24% for AG treatment and 39% for FLAG (P =.32). Event-free survival (EFS) at 2 years was 10% and 19% (P =.31) for the AG and FLAG treatments, respectively. Platelet and granulocyte recovery times after the second cycle were prolonged in the FLAG treatment group. Grades 3 to 4 neurotoxicities were more often reported in the FLAG arm (14% versus 3%, P =.03), whereas no significant differences in other toxicities were observed. In a cohort of patients, the in vivo accumulation of ARA-CTP in leukemic cells was determined. Although ARA-CTP accumulation in leukemic cells after FLAG was enhanced, clinical outcome in terms of CR rate, OS, EFS, and disease-free survival (DFS) was not significantly improved by combining fludarabine with ARA-C.
Sugars boost exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by counteracting immunosuppressive activities of galectins (2014)

Galectins released by tumor cells and macrophages can bind surface glycoproteins of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), forming glycoprotein-galectin lattices with immunosuppressive activities. Specifically, TILs covered by galectin-3 are unable to secrete cytokines after stimulation. Treating TILs ex vivo with galectin antagonists for a few hours boosts their functions. Several galectin antagonists are currently available for clinical trials.
Introduction to Split-C (2018)

Split-C is a parallel extension of the C programming language primarily intended for distributed memory multiprocessors. It is designed around two objectives. The first is to capture certain useful elements of shared memory, message passing, and data parallel programming in a familiar context, while eliminating the primary deficiencies of each paradigm. The second is to provide efficient access to the underlying machine, with no surprises. (This is similar to the original motivation for C---to provide a direct and obvious mapping from high-level programming constructs to low-level machine instructions.) Split-C does not try to obscure the inherent performance characteristics of the machine through sophisticated transformations. This combination of generality and transparency of the language gives the algorithm or library designer a concrete optimization target. This document describes the central concepts in Split-C and provides a general introduction to programming in the language. Both the language and the document are undergoing active development, so please view the document as working notes, rather than the final language definition
Quantitative analysis of germ cell numbers and relation to intratesticular testosterone following vitamin A-induced synchronization of spermatogenesis in the rat (1989)

Synchronization of spermatogenesis would provide an ideal model for the investigation of stage-dependent changes in the secretion of paracrine factors. In vitamin A-deficient animals subsequently injected with vitamin A, over 80% of seminiferous tubules were synchronized within three to five stages of the seminiferous cycle. Following replenishment of vitamin A, spermatogenic stages IV-VI (35 days), VI-VIII (38 days), IX-XII (41 days), I-IV (45 days) and V-VII (48 days) were observed. Despite synchronization of spermatogenesis at all stages, spermatogenesis was markedly impaired when evaluated in a quantitative fashion. At all times evaluated, numbers of round spermatids were reduced compared with age-matched controls. Numbers of pachytene spermatocytes reached control values only after 45 days of vitamin A replenishment. Elongate spermatids were almost totally absent up to 41 days after vitamin A replenishment. Testicular and epididymal weights were also reduced, although testicular weights showed a significant recovery over the time-course of the study. Serum and pituitary concentrations of LH and FSH were raised at the commencement of the study, with serum gonadotrophins returning to control values 48 days after vitamin A replenishment. Both testicular and serum testosterone concentrations in treated animals tended to be higher than in the controls. Although synchronization of spermatogenesis was achieved, testicular testosterone concentrations did not reflect the stage-dependent cyclical changes observed in earlier studies. Testicular concentrations of testosterone were raised throughout the period of observation with the exception of animals synchronized around stages II-IV of the spermatogenic cycle. No correlation between the most frequent stages and intratesticular testosterone was found (r = 0.06, P greater than 0.1). Previous observations that testosterone concentrations are selectively increased at stages VII-VIII of the spermatogenic cycle are not supported by the present study.
General Aviation Pilot Training for Situation Awareness: An Evaluation (2002)

This study reports on efforts to improve situation awareness in general aviation (GA) pilots. Several training modules for enhancing skills that underlie the development of good SA were created and evaluated in a study with GA pilots. This paper describes the testing for two modules: contingency planning and preflight planning. These modules were developed to train higher order cognitive skills used in SA formation. Student pilots from Embry Riddle Aeronautical University participated in the study. The results from this test provide some evidence of a relationship between the two training modules and improvements in SA.
Seismicity and focal mechanisms of the Arctic region and the North American plate boundary in Asia (1990)

Abstract Although Arctic earthquakes have been recorded since 1908, detailed study of them has been hampered due to the lack of seismograph stations and the infrequent occurrence of large earthquakes north of the Arctic Circle. Detailed analysis of Arctic earthquakes began during the International Geophysical Year (IGY, 1957–1958), and subsequent studies have been facilitated by the development of the World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN) starting in 1963. Many authors have published summaries of Arctic seismicity. The pre-IGY state of knowledge is summarized by Hodgson and others (1965), and epicentral coordinates and magnitude estimates of pre-WWSSN seismicity are given in Gutenberg and Richter (1954), Linden (1961), Hodgson and others (1965), and Rothe (1969). Overview summaries of the distribution and magnitude of Arctic seismicity are presented by Sykes (1965) and Wetmiller and Forsyth (1978). Numerous maps of Arctic seismicity have been published (e.g., Veis-Ksenofontova, 1962; Sykes, 1965; Barazangi and Dorman, 1970; Tarr, 1970; Wetmiller, 1978; Avetisov and Sokolova, 1980). Additional details about Arctic seismicity are given in international bulletins, national seismicity summaries, and annual reports. In this chapter we summarize the development of seismograph stations in the Arctic, the distribution of seismicity in the Arctic, focal mechanisms that have been determined for the Arctic seismic zone, including northeastern Siberia and Baffin Bay, and the implications of the seismic data for plate tectonic models of the region. In addition, we summarize inferences on crustal structure of the Arctic region based on the propagation characteristics of earthquake waves.
Reducing optical losses in focused-ion-beam etched silicon (2008)

Silicon-on-insulator is rapidly emerging as the material system of interest for future photonic devices for the consumer market. Optical lithography with 248 nm and 193 nm UV lithography on wafer scale is the ideal tool for volume production of photonic components [1]. However, due to the cost of masks and processing it is expensive and often slow to fabricate prototypes of new device concepts with optical lithography. Therefore one needs prototyping technologies that enable rapid and flexible fabrication of nanophotonic components. The best example nowadays is electron beam lithography. One of the inconveniences however, is the fact that electrons can not directly etch a semiconductor. Therefore one has to work with resist layers and etch with the conventional tools such as plasma etching. This slows down the optimization process and limits the designs to planar structures. An interesting alternative is focused-ion-beam (FIB), where a beam of ions is used instead of an electron beam. In current commercial systems the particle optics enables local sputtering with a spot smaller than 10 nm, enabling fabrication of devices with a smallest feature size < 50 nm [2]. However, it was reported that FIB etching generates high optical losses in silicon [3]. We propose iodine enhanced etching and annealing at high temperatures as techniques to reduce these optical losses after FIB etching. The best results were obtained for 2 hours annealing at 1000 o C: optical losses are reduced from several thousands to less than 100 dB/cm; for a typical device length of 10-100 μm the losses will thus be reduced to 0.1-1 dB, which is a tolerable value for most now device concepts.
Determination of <i>S‐</i> Adenosyl‐ <scp>l</scp> ‐methionine in Fruits by Capillary Electrophoresis (2010)

Fast measurements of SAM in fruits and juices are favoured by capillary electrophoresis in a 200 : 50 mm glycine : phosphate (pH 2.5) buffer system.
Plutonium flowsheet development in miniature mixer-settlers (1981)

Initial runs were completed in a new solvent extraction facility that has been built for testing coprocessing flowsheets with simulated LWR and FBR fuel solutions. The equipment, which is assembled in glove boxes, includes three 16-stage miniature mixer-settler banks with associated in-line monitors, pumping equipment, and sampling apparatus. Following shakedown runs with solutions containing uranium only, two flowsheet test runs were made with a simulated LWR fuel solution (U/Pu = 100). The solution was fed to an extraction-scrub bank, where 30% tributyl phosphate in normal paraffin hydrocarbon diluent was used to coextract uranium and plutonium. The extract was fed to a second mixer-settler bank, where all of the plutonium was stripped into an aqueous product stream using hydroxylamine nitrate for plutonium reduction; a controlled fraction of the uranium was simultaneously stripped to produce a U/Pu ratio of {similar_to}2. The amount of the uranium stripped with the plutonium was regulated by careful control of an organic backscrub stream. Finally, the residual uranium in the solvent was stripped in the third mixer-settler bank. The success of the experiments depended on precise control of very low liquid flow rates, and on in-line monitors which indicated the uranium or total heavy-metal concentrations. The most useful in-line device was the Mettler-Paar density meter, from which metal concentrations could be determined to within {similar_to}1 g/L. A miniature spectrophotometer also gave promising results for uranium analysis. Preliminary use of a Hewlett-Packard data acquisition system was satisfactory; recorded variables were temperature, solution density, liquid flow rates, and liquid levels.
2,3,4,6-Tetra-<i>O</i>-benzoyl-4-nitrophenyl-1-thio-α-<scp>D</scp>-mannopyranoside–dichloromethane–diethyl ether mixed solvate (1/0.53/0.38) (2007)

The title compound, C(40)H(31)NO(11)S·0.53CH(2)Cl(2)·0.38C(4)H(10)O, was synthesized in two steps from mannose penta-acetate and single crystals were grown by slow evaporation. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, confirming the α-configuration of the anomeric thioaryl substituent. The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically distinct mol-ecules of the carbohydrate. The central pyran-ose rings of these are geometrically similar, but there are differences in the orientations of the benzoate substituents.
Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Infections: The Current State of Knowledge (2007)

New human rickettsial pathogens have been discovered, and long-known rickettsiae of undetermined pathogenicity have been demonstrated to cause illness. Disease associated with Rickettsia slovaca has unique clinical manifestations, including prominent lymphadenopathy without fever and rash. Rickettsial genomes are highly conserved, with reductive evolution leading to a small genome that relies on the host cell for many biosynthetic functions. Advances in the evaluation of the pathogenesis of rickettsial disease include identification of rickettsial adhesins, a host cell receptor, signaling elements associated with entry of rickettsiae by induced phagocytosis, rickettsial enzymes mediating phagosomal escape, and host actin-based rickettsial cell-to-cell spread. Disruption of adherens junctions of infected endothelial cells likely plays a role in the critical pathophysiologic mechanism: increased microvascular permeability. Production of reactive oxygen species by infected endothelium injures these cells. However, disseminated intravascular coagulation rarely occurs. Immunity is mediated by reactive cytokine-activated rickettsicidal nitrogen and oxygen species and by clearance of rickettsiae by cytotoxic CD8 T cells.
Frequency bifurcation study of an inductive power transmission system (2013)

Charging of batteries in electric vehicles is the subject of several recent papers, which include conductive power transmission as well as inductive power transmission. Most research has been elaborated to address the limitations of inductive power transmission (IPT). IPT is the most recognized technique for electric vehicles at which power can be transferred from the source side to the load side with no physical contacts. By using this technique, charging can be carried out safely, comfortable and easily. This paper overviews theoretical and practical design of contactless power transmission systems and studies a frequency bifurcation phenomenon of a compensated IPT with a power factor correction (PFC). The research focuses on the serial compensated design with a resonance frequency adaptive frequency converter.
How to Split UL/DL Antennas in Full-Duplex Cellular Networks (2018)

To further improve the potential of full-duplex communications, networks may employ multiple antennas at the base station or user equipment. To this end, networks that employ current radios usually deal with self-interference and multi-user interference by beamforming techniques. Although previous works investigated beamforming design to improve spectral efficiency, the fundamental question of how to split the antennas at a base station between uplink and downlink in full-duplex networks has not been investigated rigorously. This paper addresses this question by posing antenna splitting as a binary nonlinear optimization problem to minimize the sum mean squared error of the received data symbols. It is shown that this is an NP-hard problem. This combinatorial problem is dealt with by equivalent formulations, iterative convex approximations, and a binary relaxation. The proposed algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a stationary solution of the relaxed problem with much smaller complexity than exhaustive search. Numerical results indicate that the proposed solution is close to the optimal in both high and low self-interference capable scenarios, while the usually assumed antenna splitting is far from optimal. For large number of antennas, a simple antenna splitting is close to the proposed solution. This reveals that the importance of antenna splitting is inversely proportional with the number of antennas.
Lacticin, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis (1991)

Twenty-one strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and L. helveticus were tested for bacteriocin production against each other. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis JCM 1106 and 1107 produced an inhibitory agent active against L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus JCM 1002 and NIAI yB-62, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis JCM 1248 and L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii JCM 1012. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis JCM 1248 inhibited only the growth of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NIAI yB-62. These agents were sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and heating (at 60°C for 10min). These agents were considered to be bacteriocins and designated lacticin A and B.
Factors Affecting Myocardial Storage and Release of Catecholamines (1961)

The factors affecting myocardial storage and release of catecholamines were investi gated. The catecholainine concentration of heart muscle of normal dogs averaged 0.617 g. per Gm. of heart muscle. Ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation, and reserpine caused a slight reduction in myocardial catechol amine concentration, while nicotine resulted in a slight increase. Iproniazid was without effect. The injection of the amino acid, Dopa, and of the combinatiou of Dopa and iproni azid, resulted in a significant elevation of catecholamines in heart muscle. In animals pretreated with Dopa and iproniazid, nicotine caused a significant in crease in myocardial catecholaniines. It is likely that stimulation of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve endings by nicotine elevated catecholamine levels in blood, with subsequent storage in the heart and other organs.
Evidence against a crucial role for the phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr-248 in peptide and ester hydrolyses catalyzed by carboxypeptidase A: comparative studies of the pH dependencies of the native and Phe-248-mutant forms (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence against a crucial role for the phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr-248 in peptide and ester hydrolyses catalyzed by carboxypeptidase A: comparative studies of the pH dependencies of the native and Phe-248-mutant formsDonald. Hilvert, Stephen J. Gardell, William J. Rutter, and Emil Thomas. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 17, 5298–5304Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00277a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00277a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of a positive crossmatch against donor B-lymphocytes in kidney transplantation: a prospective one-center study. (1990)

Circulating antibodies reacting with donor lymphocytes, increasingly found in patients awaiting a kidney graft, are a cause of transplantation delays. Some of these antibodies may not be detrimental to the graft, and their recognition could be beneficial for the treatment of immunized patients. In this chapter, we report on a prospective study of 138 cases of kidney transplantation performed against a positive crossmatch (CM) on donor B lymphocytes. In all cases, a negative reaction was required on donor T lymphocytes using recipient pregraft sera. Sera of 36.3% and 43.6% of first and second-graft recipients, respectively, were also reactive on unseparated donor total lymphocytes. First grafts performed against donor B lymphocytes reacted like those with a negative CM in terms of graft survival, rejection incidence, and graft function in the first year. Surprisingly, an uncommonly high rate of success was observed in second grafts performed against a positive donor B-lymphocyte CM as compared to those with a negative B-cell CM (93.5% vs 62.8% graft survival at 2 years; p less than 0.05). In addition, these patients had a decreased rejection incidence and significantly better graft function (p less than 0.05) as compared to those grafted with a negative B-lymphocyte CM. In the 43.6% who also had a positive CM on total donor lymphocytes (negative CM on donor T cells) and would not have been grafted according to common CM policy, actuarial graft survival was 86.7%. Our results within the given procedure show that transplantation against a positive donor B-cell CM is not detrimental to a first graft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
“Progressive delayed‐onset postanoxic dystonia” diagnosed with PANK2 mutations 26 years after onset—An update (2010)

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