gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Diarrhea among Children and Adults in Nepal: Detection of G12 Strains with P[6] or P[8] and a G11P[25] Strain (2006)

In anticipation of a rotavirus vaccine in Nepal, this study was undertaken to determine the distribution of the G and P serotypes and electropherotypes of rotaviruses in order to examine if there is any emerging serotype or unusual strain circulating in children and adults in Nepal. Of 1,315 diarrheal stool specimens, rotavirus was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 116 (17%) of 666 patients less than 5 years of age, in 18 (7%) of 260 patients 5 to 14 years of age, and in 19 (5%) of 358 patients 15 years of age and older. Approximately 75% of rotavirus diarrhea occurred in children less than 5 years of age. Approximately 70% of rotaviruses found in each of the three age groups belonged to serotype G1P[8]. Interestingly, there were 29 (20%) G12 rotaviruses carrying either P[8] or P[6] and one (0.7%) G11 rotavirus carrying an unusual P[25] genotype. RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis discriminated 19 strains (electropherotypes), among which there were three codominant strains carrying G1P[8] and long RNA patterns. Five electropherotypes were discriminated among G12 rotaviruses, all of which had long RNA patterns. The fact that 20% of rotaviruses were G12 strains carrying either P[8] or P[6] and had multiple electropherotypes suggest that G12 strains are not more rare strains but that they pose an emerging challenge to current and future vaccines. The presence of multiple strains as defined by electropherotypes suggests the richness of the rotavirus gene pool in Nepal, where unusual strains may continue to emerge.
Omnidirectional band gap in Fibonacci photonic crystals with metamaterials using a band-edge formalism (2008)

Omnidirectional zero-$\overline{n}$ gaps in one-dimensional photonic crystals with a Fibonacci basis containing frequency dependent metamaterials are examined. In this study, the band structure and band gaps are determined by an explicit band-edge equation rather than by a traditional dispersion equation. We find that the present method has better numerical stability than traditional methods, especially for calculating the zero-$\overline{n}$ gap in the photonic crystals with metamaterials. We observe that the change in the width and location of the omnidirectional zero-$\overline{n}$ gap is limited for the Fibonacci photonic crystals with different generation orders. However, the width of the omnidirectional gap in the Fibonacci photonic crystals is significantly affected by the filling factor of the metamaterials. We also find that the width of the gap will be maximum at an optimum filling factor. The gap will vanish if the filling factor is greater than a critical value. Moreover, for a given filling factor and a metamaterial, it is interesting that the gap will be enlarged as the refractive index of the traditional layer increases.
Secure Score Management for Peer-to-Peer Systems (2004)

We propose a secure method to manage digital currency and other types of scores in a P2P network. In this method, called MOTHERS, each peer is assigned one or more who mediate all transactions in which that peer is involved. Score managers are assigned to a peer using a Distributed Hash Table, so that peers may not choose their score manager. We show that this system has a low probability of breach, even in highly adversarial conditions where large collections of malicious peers collaborate in an attempt to subvert the system. We also discuss how to make the system more efficient at the expense of decreased security.
Hepatorenal syndrome. (1998)

The hepatorenal syndrome is a severe and common complication of patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites. It is characterised not only by renal failure but also by marked alterations in systemic haemodynamics. Renal failure is due to a marked hypoperfusion of the kidney secondary to renal vasoconstriction. Although the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome is not completely understood, it is thought to be the extreme manifestation of the underfilling of the arterial circulation secondary to an arterial vasodilation, located mainly in the splanchnic circulation. Recently, a revised definition and diagnostic criteria of hepatorenal syndrome have been proposed. The prognosis of patients with hepatorenal syndrome is very poor. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment but it is not applicable in most cases due to short survival. New therapies developed during the last years, such as the use of systemic vasoconstrictors or transjugular intra-hepatic portosystemic shunts appear to be promising, but prospective investigations are needed to delineate their real usefulness.
Four‐Center Two‐Electron Bonding in a Tetrahedral Topology. Experimental Realization of Three‐Dimensional Homoaromaticity in the 1,3‐Dehydro‐5,7‐adamantanediyl Dication (1987)

A nonclassical structure for the dication 3 is supported, in particular, by the 13C-NMR data: the signals of the bridgehead C atoms are shifted upfield (δ = 6.6) and not downfield, as would have been expected for a classical dication. The resonances of the methylene C atoms are observed at δ = 35.6 (1H-NMR: δ = 3.8). Compound 3 is synthesized starting from 1,3,5,7-tetra-iodoadamantane, which reacts with HgF2 to give 1. Compound 1 reacts with nBuLi to give 2, from which 3 can be generated. The dication 3 is stable up to 0°C.
Prevalence and virulence gene profiling of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in malnourished and nourished Brazilian children (2017)

The impact of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) infection on childhood malnutrition and inflammation has been suggested, regardless of diarrhea. We investigated whether EAEC and its virulence-related genes (VRGs) are associated with malnutrition in a case-control study. Children aged 6-24 months from Brazil were enrolled as malnourished if weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) ≤ -2 and nourished if WAZ > -1. Stools were cultured and examined for E. coli. DNA was extracted from fecal isolates and tested for EAEC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were analyzed by 5 multiplex PCRs to identify 20 EAEC VRGs. Biomarkers of intestinal barrier function and inflammation were measured. The prevalence of EAEC was 39.94%. Samples that presented both aaiC and aatA genes were associated with malnutrition (P = 0.045). A high prevalence of VRGs was observed and the aafC gene was significantly associated with malnourished (P = 0.0101). Strains lacking aar and pic genes were associated with malnutrition (P = 0.018), while the concomitant presence of aar, pic, agg4A, and capU genes was associated with nourished (P = 0.031). These data reinforce the EAEC impact on malnutrition, the importance of aar as negative regulator and the great contribution of AAF/II fimbria for the pathobiology of EAEC.
On the sum capacity of quasi-scalable signature sets (2005)

A strict upper and lower bound are derived for the sum capacity of quasi-scalable signature sets. Both bounds are shown to be achievable by an appropriate choice of the signatures. It turns out that the requirement of quasi-scalability results in a very small penalty in terms of sum capacity.
The Effect of Gas Bubbles on Sound Propagation in Water (1957)

The effect of thin uniform bubble screens on sound propagation in water has been investigated over a frequency range of 15-100 kc/s for bubbles with diameters between 0.016 and 0.050 cm. The density of the bubble screen was varied from 1 bubble in 10 cm2 to 4 bubbles per cm2. The results obtained confirm to a considerable accuracy the theory originally proposed by Foldy and also provide values of the damping constants of gas bubbles which are consistent with those obtained from measurements on isolated bubbles.
The Heritability of Foreign Policy Preferences (2012)

Attitudes towards foreign policy have typically been explained by ideological and demographic factors. We approach this study from a different perspective and ex amine the extent to which foreign policy preferences correspond to genetic variation. Using data from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, we show that a moderate share of individual differences in the degree to which one's foreign policy preferences are hawkish or dovish can be attributed to genetic variation. We also show, based on a bivariate twin model, that foreign policy preferences share a common genetic source of variation with political ideology. This result presents the possibility that ideology may be the causal pathway through which genes affect foreign policy preferences.
Hydration of polyphase Ca <sub>3</sub> SiO <sub>5</sub> ‐Ca <sub>3</sub> Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>6</sub> in the presence of gypsum and Na <sub>2</sub> SO <sub>4</sub> (2020)

Abstract Alite (Ca 3 SiO 5 : C 3 S * ) and calcium aluminate (Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 : C 3 A) are the major phases in Portland cement, which have an essential role in the development of early age properties. The effects of gypsum content, fineness, and Na 2 SO 4 addition on the early‐stage hydration kinetics are investigated for polyphase (co‐sintered) Ca 3 SiO 5 ‐Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 model systems using calorimetry, X‐ ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and solid‐state 27 Al and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the hydration of C 3 A significantly affects the hydration of C 3 S. The C 3 S and C 3 A hydration is hindered considerably in severely over‐sulfated systems (where C 3 A hydration is suppressed due to a very high gypsum content) and systems with additional Na 2 SO 4 . Although there is a considerable amount of Al incorporation in the C‐S‐H phase, no clear trends with respect to gypsum content, hydration age or Na 2 SO 4 addition are observed for the Al IV /Si ratios of the C‐S‐H phase determined from 29 Si NMR. With the addition of Na 2 SO 4 , recrystallization of ettringite from the AFm phases is postponed from 1 day to 7 days. *Cement chemistry notation: C‐CaO, S‐SiO 2 , A‐Al 2 O 3 , ‐SO 3 , N‐Na 2 O.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Organomagnesium Reagents to . alpha.,β‐Ethylenic Esters: A Simple High Yield Procedure. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Demographics, Interests, and Quality of Life of Canadian Neurosurgery Residents (2017)

Despite a challenging residency and high workload, the majority of Canadian neurosurgery residents are happy and satisfied with their choice of specialty and program. However, work-life balance, employability, resident intimidation, and depression were identified as areas of active concern.
Wide-area detection of land mines and unexploded ordnance (2002)

Advanced electromagnetic modelling tools are discussed, focused on sensing surface and buried land mines and unexploded ordnance, situated in a realistic soil environment. The results from these forward models are used to process scattered-field data, for target detection and identification. We address sensors directed toward the wide-area-search problem, for which one is interested in detecting a former mine field or bombing range. For this problem class we process data measured from an actual airborne radar system. Signal-processing algorithms applied include Bayesian processing and a physics-based hidden Markov model.
Automatic generation of layout of arrays of current sources and capacitors (2012)

As opposed to digital layout, analog layout is still often done by hand because of the many important parameters that can influence the performance of the realized circuit. Manual layout allows for fine control of every aspect of the design, but is also time consuming and prone to human errors. In addition, high quality manual layout usually requires years of experience. Specifically, changing a single parameter can require redesigning much of the complete layout. Moreover, when porting a design to a new technology, the complete design has to be checked against the new technology design rules, which often requires changes to a design or even a redesign. This paper describes an approach to automating analog layout, along with an implementation in software. The developed software is able to generate layout implementations of capacitor and transistor arrays, with silicon gradient compensation. The developed software takes into account technology design rules as well as numerous usersupplied parameters. Such arrays have many applications, e.g. in high-performance (SAR) ADCs and current-steering DACs and various biasing structures based on current mirrors. The software is tested against multiple technologies, generating similar and design rule compliant layouts by only changing a minimal amount of code.
[Cardiopulmonary effects after i.v. administration of maprotiline in the dog]. (1975)

The cardiopulmonary effects of the antidepressive agent maprotiline were investigated in the dog. In ventilation experiments on dogs anaesthetized with chloralose, respiratory minute volume decreased by 5-10% shortly after intravenous injection of 1 and 3 mg/kg; acid-base-balance variables remained unchanged. After an intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg ineffective hyperventilation was observed, associated with a transient decrease of P-O2 and a slight increase in P-CO2 in the arterial blood. In cardiac-catheterization experiments on dogs anaesthetized with chloralose and morphine and receiving artificial respiration, an intravenous dose of 3 mg/kg maprotiline had no appreciable effect on the cardiovascular system, apart from a transient and slight, but statistically significant increase in pulmonary capillary pressure immediately after the injection. Anaesthesia was slightly deeper and more prolonged after the intravenous administration of maprotiline.
Analysis of sodium fluoride enhancement of calcitonin stimulation of renal cortical adenylate cyclase. (1978)

NaF (5 mu) was previously shown to protect calcitonin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity in partially purified membranes from pork renal cortex during solubilization of the enzyme with Lubrol PX (Queener, S. F., Fleming, J. W., and Bell, N. H. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7586-7592). NaF has now been found to directly influence the activity of the membrane-bound calcitonin-responsive adenylate cyclase. At low concentrations of NaF causing no direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, NaF produced a synergistic increase with calcitonin but not with parathyroid hormone or glucagon. At maximally stimulating concentrations of NaF, calcitonin produced a further increase in enzyme activity. NaF alone increased the maximal velocity (I’,,) and did not affect the apparent K, of the enzyme for ATP, whereas calcitonin alone did not alter the V,, but lowered the K, for ATP. Concentrations of NaF too low to directly alter either K,,, or V,, significantly increased V,, and decreased K,,, when added with calcitonin. De Ha&n plots (De Ha&, C. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2756-2762) of adenylate cyclase activation by calcitonin with and without NaF indicated that NaF increased the maximal response of the enzyme to calcitonin without affecting the affinity of the enzyme for calcitonin. These effects of NaF could not be attributed to alterations in the activity of phosphodiesterase in these membranes. In addition, NaF had no effect on the slope of the Hill plot for activation by calcitonin and, likewise, calcitonin had no effect on the slope of the Hill plot for activation by NaF. NaF did not alter binding of ‘251-calcitonin to renal cortical membranes or the degradation of calcitonin as determined by chromatoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. NaF was shown to increase the heat lability of the enzyme. It is concluded (a) that NaF at low concentrations acts to enhance responsiveness of renal cortical adenylate cyclase to calcitonin without altering binding or degradation of the hormone and (b) that NaF at high concentrations directly stimulates the catalytic component of the enzyme independent of any action of the hormone. These results suggest that NaF acts at different sites to influence the calcitonin-responsive adenylate cyclase system of pork renal cortex.
Genomic and oncogenic preference of HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can integrate into the human genome, contributing to genomic instability and hepatocarcinogenesis. Here by conducting high-throughput viral integration detection and RNA sequencing, we identify 4,225 HBV integration events in tumour and adjacent non-tumour samples from 426 patients with HCC. We show that HBV is prone to integrate into rare fragile sites and functional genomic regions including CpG islands. We observe a distinct pattern in the preferential sites of HBV integration between tumour and non-tumour tissues. HBV insertional sites are significantly enriched in the proximity of telomeres in tumours. Recurrent HBV target genes are identified with few that overlap. The overall HBV integration frequency is much higher in tumour genomes of males than in females, with a significant enrichment of integration into chromosome 17. Furthermore, a cirrhosis-dependent HBV integration pattern is observed, affecting distinct targeted genes. Our data suggest that HBV integration has a high potential to drive oncogenic transformation.
Shear Behavior of URM Retrofitted with FRP Overlays (1997)

A large inventory of older masonry buildings exists in earthquake-prone regions. In most cases these buildings contain shear walls constructed of unreinforced masonry. The majority of these buildings were built before any provisions for earthquake loadings were established. The failures and damages reported in recent earthquakes attest to the need for efficient strengthening procedures. The effectiveness of increasing the shear strength of brick masonry by epoxy-bonding fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) overlays to the exterior surfaces was evaluated. The variables in the test included the strength of the composite fabric, fiber orientation, and anchorage length. The specimens were tested under static loading. The results showed that both the strength and ductility of tested specimens were significantly enhanced with this technique. The orientation of the angle of fibers with respect to the plane of loading had a major effect on the stiffness of the retrofitted system but did not affect the ultimate strength significantly.
Frequency Domain Power Distribution Strategy for Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electrification and hybridization have great potential for improving fuel economy and reducing visual signature or soot emissions in military vehicles. Specific challenges related to military applications include severe duty cycles, large and uncertain energy flows through the system and high thermal loads. A novel supervisory control strategy is proposed to simultaneously mitigate severe engine transients and to reduce high electric current in the battery without oversizing the battery. The described objectives are accomplished by splitting the propulsion power demand through filtering in the frequency domain. The engine covers only low frequency power demand profile while the battery covers high frequency components. In the proposed strategy, the separation filter is systematically designed to identify different frequency components with the consideration of fuel consumption, aggressive engine transients, and battery electric loads. The proposed strategy is implemented into the series HEV simulation framework to assess its effectiveness under various driving cycles. The results show that the proposed power distribution strategy dramatically reduces battery current peaks and aggressive engine transients while maintaining the fuel economy to a competitive level. Longer battery life under the proposed strategy compared to the baseline thermostatic SOC control is explicitly evaluated through cumulative fatigue/damage analysis. The proposed strategy provides more flexibility in HEV design/optimization and enables battery downsizing, due to the extended battery safety margin and the reduced severity of engine transients.</div></div>
Reinforcement of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) (2005)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based composite fibers were prepared by melt spinning three types of PET/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) composites. These composites were made by either melt blending POSS with PET at 5 wt% loading level (non-reactive POSS and silanol POSS) or by in-situ polymerization with 2.5 wt% reactive POSS. Significant increases in tensile modulus and tensile strengths were achieved in PET fibers with non-reactive POSS at room temperature. The hightemperature modulus retention was found to be much better for PET/silanol POSS fiber when compared to that of control PET. Although other PET/POSS nancomposite fibers tested did not show this high retention of modulus at elevated temperatures, PET/isooctylPOSS nanocomposite fibers did show increased modulus at elevated temperature compared to that of PET. Higher compressive strengths, compared to PET fibers, were observed for all three nanocomposite fibers. Gel permeation chromatography measurement suggested that there is no significant change in molecular weight during preparation of PET/POSS nanocomposites. SEM observations suggest that there is no obvious phase separation in any of the three PET/POSS systems. Crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the composite were also studied. The fiber spinning and mechanical performance with 10 and 20 wt% of trisilanolisooctyl POSS2 were also investigated1 the composites with higher concentrations of this nanofiller can be spun without any difficulty. At room temperature, the fiber tensile modulus increased steadily with the POSS concentration while fiber tensile strength showed no significant change. The elongation at break decreased significantly with increasing of POSS concentration. The high-temperature moduli of PET/POSS nanocomposite fibers were found to be rather variable, likely due to the modest compatibility between filler and polymers, which can lead to structural anisotropy within the composite.
Tail-to-Head Tandem Duplication and Simple Repetitive Sequences of the Cytoplasmic Actin Genes in Greenling Hexagrammos otakii (Teleostei; Scorpaeniformes) (2011)

We characterized a cytoplasmic actin gene locus in greenling Hexagrammos otakii (Scorpaeniformes). Genomic clones isolated from the greenling DNA library contained two homologous cytoplasmic actin gene copies (HObact2.1 and HObact2.2) in a tail-to-head orientation. Their gene structure is characterized by six translated exons and one non-translated exon. Exon-intron organization and the nucleotide sequences of the two actin gene isoforms are very similar. However, only the HObact2.1 isoform contains microsatellite-like, dinucleotide repeats in the 5'-flanking region (named HOms2002) and intron 1 following the non-translated exon 1 (named HOms769). One microsatellite locus (HOms769) was highly polymorphic while the other (HOms2002) was not. Based on bioinformatic analysis, different transcription factor binding motifs are related to stress and immune responses in the two actin isoforms. Semiquantitative and real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays showed that both isoform transcripts were detectable ubiquitously in all the tissues examined. However, the basal expression levels of each isoform varied across tissues. Overall, the two isoforms showed a similar, but not identical, expression pattern. Our data suggest that the cytoplasmic actin genes may be the result of a recent duplication event in the greenling genome, which has not experienced significant subfunctionalization in their housekeeping roles.