gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Intranasal Naloxone in Human Volunteers (2008)

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of naloxone in healthy volunteers, we undertook an open-label crossover study in which six male volunteers received naloxone on five occasions: intravenous (0.8 mg), intramuscular (0.8 mg), intranasal (0.8 mg), intravenous (2 mg), and intranasal (2 mg). Samples were collected for 4 hours after administration for 128 samples in total. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using NONMEM. The data were best described by a three-compartment model with first-order absorption for intramuscular and intranasal administration, between-subject variability on clearance and central volume, lean body weight on clearance, and weight on central volume. Relative bioavailability of intramuscular and intranasal naloxone was 36% and 4%, respectively. The final parameter estimates were clearance, 91 L/hr; central volume, 2.87 L; first peripheral compartment volume, 1.49 L, second peripheral compartment volume, 33.6 L; first intercompartmental clearance, 5.66 L/hr; second intercompartmental clearance, 29.8 L/hr; Ka (intramuscular), 0.65; and Ka (intranasal), 1.52. Median time to peak concentration for intramuscular naloxone was 12 minutes and for intranasal, 6 to 9 minutes. A combination of intravenous and intramuscular naloxone provided immediate high and then detectable concentrations for 4 hours. Intranasal naloxone had poor bioavailability compared with intramuscular. Combined intravenous and intramuscular administration may be a useful alternative to naloxone infusions.
Program assessment report, statement of findings. Satellite power systems concept development and evaluation program (1980)

What is known, uncertain, and unknown about the Solar Power Satellite (SPS) concept is stated. The important technical, environmental, and cost goal questions that must be answered prior to making a commitment to the SPS concept are discussed. Although significant technological, environmental and economic questions remain to be answered, the preliminary investigations undertaken in the CDEP do provide a basis for a policy decision on further commitment. Also, areas of research and experimentation required to acquire the knowledge by which a series of informed, time-phased decisions may be made concerning the possibility of the SPS concept playing a major role in the United States' energy future are suggested.
Basic Aspects Concerning the Event-Synchronous Interference Canceller (2006)

The adaptive noise canceller (ANC) is a commonly used linear system method for noise reduction in cases where the disturbing noise can be separately recorded (reference signal) and is not correlated with the signal of interest. In case of a periodic disturbing signal, special solutions are described in literature. Problems, however, arise when the propagation of the noise from the source to the recording sensors passes nonlinear structures. An ANC modification proposed for this case by Strobach et al. and applied by several other researchers, thus, uses an artificial reference signal, based on event triggered averaging of segments of the recorded wanted (but disturbed) signal in order to obtain a template for the repetitive distortion sequence and to construct the artificial reference signal. The effect of the averaging and the error introduced by this approximation of the real disturbing signal was not addressed in literature until now, thus, this paper presents some basic theoretical considerations on this topic. Methods are demonstrated in simulations and real biosignal processing, and application aspects are discussed.
Security Analysts' Career Concerns and Herding of Earnings Forecasts (2000)

Several theories of reputation and herding (see, e.g., Scharfstein and Stein (1990)) suggest that herding among agents should vary with career concerns.Our goal in this paper is to document whether such a link exists in the labor market for security analysts.Specifically, we look at the relationship between an analyst's job tenure (a proxy for career concerns) and various measures of stock earnings forecast performance.We establish the following key results.(1) Older analysts are more likely to produce earnings forecasts of firms before younger ones.(2) Their forecasts also deviate more from the consensus forecast than their younger counterparts.We argue that these results are consistent with some reputational models of herding.We also establish a number of auxiliary findings regarding the relationship between forecast accuracy and frequency of forecast revisions with job tenure.
Unusual disparity in electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of vacuum-evaporated films of 1,1-bis ((di-4-tolylamino) phenyl) cyclohexane (2000)

The electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of thin films of 1,1-bis((di-4-tolyloamino)phenyl) cyclohexane (TAPC) appear to be completely different. Whereas the broad PL spectra reveal major maxima at ≅370 and 450 nm, a strong regular band at 580 nm is characteristic of the EL spectra. It is shown that in contrast to PL, which is composed of molecular exciton (monomer) and excimer emission, EL can be explained by the direct cross recombination transition between electrons and holes trapped on tritolylamine (TTA) subunits of different TAPC molecules. Such a pair of trapped carriers, formed selectively under recombination of statistically independent (here injected at opposite electrodes) electrons and holes, is considered as a particular excited state (“electromer”) responsible also for the EL emission of some other compounds containing TTA or triphenylamine moieties, as for example an amino-substituted triphenylbenzene.
Homogeneous catalysis in the oxidative functionalization of alkanes in protic media (2011)

Examples of the activation of saturated hydrocarbons and dioxygen as well as oxidative functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons involving the C–H and C–C bonds in the presence of metal complexes in protic media are considered. The mechanisms of processes are analyzed. Attention is focused on the transformations of methane and C2–C4 hydrocarbons as the natural and associated gas components.
Regulation of rat IgE responses by immune complexes. (1987)

The immunizing ability of immune complexes preformed between EA and EA-hyperimmune serum was investigated in adult rats. After immunization with complexes at equivalence, the pattern of suppressed IgE responsiveness was similar to that induced when a small volume of immune serum accompanied routine immunization. We have suggested that the underlying principle is the same, and that the IgE response can be regulated by immune complexes. The ability to influence an ongoing IgE response was determined by treating with complexes at various times after immunization. While the primary IgE levels were differentially affected, the most consistent suppression was seen at the secondary stage. The data suggest that a stage of B-cell differentiation has been interrupted and that IgE antibody-producing cells have been prevented from developing.
Understanding the Psychology of Persuasive Violent Extremist Online Platforms (2016)

Exploiting the benefits afforded by the Internet, violent extremists have created and utilised a myriad of online platforms (e.g., websites, forums, blogs, social media) that have abetted and enhanced their recruitment campaigns across the world. While the idea of countering violent extremists' online presence is a matter of considerable security interest, the paucity of research analysing the persuasiveness of their online platforms to certain target audiences impedes law enforcement agencies' capability to deal with them. There is a need to understand why their online platforms are so persuasive to certain target audiences. Focusing on these online platforms, this chapter will examine the features of these platforms that enhance the appeal of violent extremist messages.
An Enhanced Data Visualization Method for Diesel Engine Malfunction Classification Using Multi-Sensor Signals (2015)

The various multi-sensor signal features from a diesel engine constitute a complex high-dimensional dataset. The non-linear dimensionality reduction method, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), provides an effective way to implement data visualization for complex high-dimensional data. However, irrelevant features can deteriorate the performance of data visualization, and thus, should be eliminated a priori. This paper proposes a feature subset score based t-SNE (FSS-t-SNE) data visualization method to deal with the high-dimensional data that are collected from multi-sensor signals. In this method, the optimal feature subset is constructed by a feature subset score criterion. Then the high-dimensional data are visualized in 2-dimension space. According to the UCI dataset test, FSS-t-SNE can effectively improve the classification accuracy. An experiment was performed with a large power marine diesel engine to validate the proposed method for diesel engine malfunction classification. Multi-sensor signals were collected by a cylinder vibration sensor and a cylinder pressure sensor. Compared with other conventional data visualization methods, the proposed method shows good visualization performance and high classification accuracy in multi-malfunction classification of a diesel engine.
The Scope of Corneal Grafting (1954)

From the Corneo-Plastic Unit and Eye-
Infant Pelage Color Change and Infant Handling in Captive Black-and-White Colobus (2020)

Colobine monkeys generally spend less time each day engaged in social interactions than other primates. However, a notable feature of their social interaction involves females exchanging infants (i.e., infant handling). Here, we report on the handling of an infant in relation to pelage color change in a group of black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) housed in the Japan Monkey Centre. We found large variation in the speed of infant pelage color change among body parts (range 100–216 days) and documented that infant handling by non-mothers was related to the infant pelage color and/or moving ability (infant independence). Non-mothers, especially females, were clearly attracted to the newborn infant and often handled the infant in a few weeks of its birth, but handling decreased with infant age and corresponded both with the loss of the natal coat color and the infant acquiring effective locomotory independence. We document interesting patterns, but the conclusions we can draw are limited and future research should consider separating effects of infant pelage color and infant locomotory independence and evaluate the effect of infant body mass.
The non-invasive assessment of stroke volume and cardiac output by impedance cardiography: a review. (1999)

Impedance cardiography (IC) is an inexpensive, reliable and noninvasive technique for determining stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). It relies on the measurement of phasic changes in transthoracic electrical resistivity, related to ejection of blood into the ascending aorta with each heart beat. Because of its non-invasive nature, IC is becoming increasingly used in clinical settings, as well as in many areas of physiological research. This paper discusses IC in terms of its theoretical basis, the components of the impedance signal and how impedance data is mathematically processed. One of the major controversies surrounding IC concerns how well it compares with conventional methods of determining SV and CO, such as thermodilution. A literature review of such comparative studies demonstrated that the controversy is far from settled, but that IC is generally agreed to be capable of accurately monitoring trends in cardiovascular dynamics. The question of accuracy of IC in terms of absolute values of SV and CO remains to be determined. The methodological limitations, accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of IC are examined, as are some of the methods developed to improve these aspects of the technique. The application and utility of IC in aerospace medicine research is also addressed.
ES-Cell Derived Hematopoietic Cells Induce Transplantation Tolerance (2008)

Our data show, for the first time, the efficacy of ES-derived CD45(+) HPCs to engraft in allogenic recipients without the use of immunosuppressive agents, there by protecting cardiac allografts from rejection.
New Strategies for Treatment of KRAS Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2010)

The introduction of new cytotoxic agents and new targeted therapies has significantly broadened the therapeutic options for and the outcomes of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The introduction of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies, cetuximab and panitumumab, has clearly contributed to this development. The concept of KRAS as a marker for resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies has been validated. However, new challenges have emerged: the complete understanding of the crucial and central role of KRAS in processes of tumor growth and the development of new treatment strategies for KRAS mutant tumors. KRAS seems to be so crucial that a further classification and description in KRAS wild-type and mutant may be warranted. Testing for KRAS mutations marks, therefore, a paradigm shift in the management of metastatic CRC. This testing also highlights the unmet need for new treatment options in KRAS mutant metastatic CRC. In this review we will focus on possible new treatment options for these patients.
Understanding the interplay between host immunity and Epstein-Barr virus in NPC patients (2015)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been used as a paradigm for studying host-virus interactions, not only because of its importance as a human oncogenic virus associated with several malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but also owing to its sophisticated strategies to subvert the host antiviral responses. An understanding of the interplay between EBV and NPC is critical for the development of EBV-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the host immune responses and EBV immune evasion mechanisms in the context of NPC.
Scheme, based on travelling-waves, for the protection of major transmission lines (1988)

The paper gives details of development work on a protective scheme based on the travelling waves present on major transmission lines after the incidence of faults. The basic principle of the scheme is outlined. Analytical treatment, based on an ideal single-phase line, is included to indicate how the initial travelling wave propagated from a fault and a later wave resulting from a reflection at the fault position may be identified. The time interval, between the arrivals of these two waves at the transducers which would energise the protective scheme, is proportional to the distance to the fault. Its position may therefore be determined with acceptable accuracy. Indication is given of the differences resulting from faults both on and external to a protected line, and discriminatory checks which could be incorporated are outlined. The application of the scheme to 3-phase lines is considered and a further discriminatory check is described. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed scheme, its responses to a number of fault conditions are provided.
Benchmark-based design strategies for single chip heterogeneous multiprocessors (2004)

Single chip heterogeneous multiprocessors are arising to meet the computational demands of portable and handheld devices. These computing systems are not fully custom designs traditionally targeted by the Design Automation (DA) community, general purpose designs traditionally targeted by the Computer Architecture (CA) community, nor pure embedded designs traditionally targeted by the real-time (RT) community. An entirely new design philosophy will be needed for this hybrid class of computing. The programming of the device will be drawn from a narrower set of applications with execution that persists in the system over a longer period of time than for general purpose programming. But the devices will still be programmable, not only at the level of the individual processing element, but across multiple processing elements and even the entire chip. The design of other programmable single chip computers has enjoyed an era where the design trade-offs could be captured in simulators such as SimpleScalar and performance could be evaluated to the SPEC benchmarks. Motivated by this, we describe new benchmark-based design strategies for single chip heterogeneous multiprocessors. We include an example and results.
AN ULTRAMICROSCOPIC MOTION PICTURE STUDY OF THE RELATION OF COLLOIDAL CONTENT AND PLASTICITY IN CLAYS <sup>1</sup> (1926)

A bstract Many attempts have been made to account for the plasticity of clay on the basis of colloidal content. If these are warranted then one should find characteristic differences in the colloidal fractions of clay suspensions, when examined ultramicroscopically. Furthermore these differences should serve as an indication of the plasticity. Ultramicroscopic motion pictures were taken of the colloidal fractions of the aqueous suspensions of four clays having different plasticities. Marked differences were found in each instance, which indicated the relative order of the decreasing plasticity of the clays examined to be: English china clay; South Carolina kaolin; North Carolina kaolin; and fireclay semi‐flint. These results tend to support the idea that a definite relation exists between the colloidal content of a clay and its plasticity. Suggestions with reference to the extension of this work are made.
Glial Neoplasms: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR Imaging (1999)

Echo-planar perfusion imaging is useful in the preoperative assessment of tumor grade and in providing diagnostic information not available with conventional MR imaging. The areas of perfusion abnormality are invaluable in the precise targeting of the stereotactic biopsy.
Haemostatic factors associated with ischaemic heart disease in men aged 45 to 64 years. The Speedwell study. (1982)

In the Speedwell study set up to examine primarily the relation of plasma lipids and ischaemic heart disease in men aged 45 to 64 years drawn randomly from the practices of 16 general practitioners, various haemostatic factors which may contribute both to thrombogenesis and atherogenesis were measured. Fibrinogen measured nephelometrically and plasma viscosity were positively associated with the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease. Antithrombin III was negatively associated with the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease. These associations were statistically significant at the 1% level of probability. Fibrinogen measured by a clotting method and the heparin neutralising activity of platelet poor plasma had negative and positive associations with ischaemic heart disease, respectively, but neither association achieved statistical significance. Because of the interrelation of these variables and also age, a multiple logistic regression analysis was undertaken separately for the two measures of fibrinogen. The negative association of "clottable' fibrinogen and the positive association of plasma viscosity with the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease were confirmed and both were statistically significant at the 5% level of probability. Apart from age the independent association of the other variables with ischaemic heart disease did not achieve statistical significance. Fibrinogen measured by both methods had positive and statistically significant associations with serum total cholesterol, but no associations with serum total triglycerides, smoking, or alcohol consumption. "Clottable' fibrinogen had an inverse and statistically insignificant association with serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The observed associations support the concept of the involvement of some haemostatic factors in the aetiology of ischaemic heart disease, and these associations are now being examined more critically in a longitudinal study.
The Torsional Damper for Conductors- Service Experience and Further Experimental Work (1951)

Careful inspection of ACSR (steel-reinforced aluminum cable) conductors operating for ten years equipped with torsional dampers has shown no apparent damage due to aeolian vibration. Type HH copper conductor without dampers has been operating for a similar period without trouble. Further experimental work indicates that there is little tendency for ACSR conductors to vibrate at tensions less than 8 per cent of their ultimate strength.
Clinical and biologic hallmarks of the Philadelphia chromosome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1987)

Of 366 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in whose bone marrow cells complete G-banding of chromosomes was successful, translocations were present at diagnosis in 141 (38.5%). The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome was identified in 18 of these cases (4.9%). Features closely associated with the presence of the Ph chromosome were older age (median, 7.9 years), high leukocyte count (median, 47.3 X 10(9)/L), French-American-British L1 blast cell morphology, high incidence of CNS leukemia at diagnosis, and the common ALL immunophenotype. All patients were treated according to modern chemotherapeutic regimens for ALL used at our institution. Complete remissions were successfully induced in only 13 (72%) of the 18 patients with Ph + ALL, and only six remain free of leukemia for periods of 7+, 9+, 10+, 13+, 49+, and 70+ months. Our findings confirm the association of the Ph chromosome with classic high-risk features of ALL in children and suggest that this abnormality confers a very poor prognosis that has not yet been improved by modifications in established therapeutic regimens.
Enzymatische Dimerisierung von (+)‐Catechin (1970)

Abstract Durch Kondensation mit Phenoloxidase gelang es, ein Catechin‐Dimer zu gewinnen, das sich wesentlich von den durch Säurekondensation gewonnenen Dimeren unterscheidet.
Television Broadcasting at Microwave Frequencies (1981)

Over 125 Multipoint Distribution Service (MDS) transmitting stations have been constructed over the past seven years. Each of these stations is equivalent to a low power television broadcast station operating on a microwave frequency at approximately 2,150 MHz. The problems encountered in the design and construction of an MDS station differ markedly from a VHF or UHF television station. The propagation characteristics, likewise, are significantly different than for either UHF or VHF frequencies. The solution to the problem of effective coverage and reception throughout a service area requires innovative designs and techniques, and these are described.
The Concept of Probability in Safety Assessments of Technological Systems (1990)

Safety assessments of technological systems, such as nuclear power plants, chemical process facilities, and hazardous waste repositories, require the investigation of the occurrence and consequences of rare events. The subjectivistic (Bayesian) theory of probability is the appropriate framework within which expert opinions, which are essential to the quantification process, can be combined with experimental results and statistical observations to produce quantitative measures of the risks from these systems. A distinction is made between uncertainties in physical models and state-of-knowledge uncertainties about the parameters and assumptions of these models. The proper role of past and future relative frequencies and several issues associated with elicitation and use of expert opinions are discussed.
Circular involute stage (2004)

We report the design and testing of a circular involute stage for high-repetition-rate (hundreds of hertz), fine temporal resolution (better than 10 fs), and long delay range (as great as nanoseconds) time-resolved optical experiments. This stage uses a reflector with the involute profile of a circle as well as a pair of optical mirrors mounted upon a rotating plate to guide the optical beam, following the tangent of the circle. This circular involute stage provides unprecedented performance for optical interference, high-resolution terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and general optical pump-probe experiments.