gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patency of the Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery in Patients with Vascular Disease (2007)

Atherosclerosis commonly affects the superficial femoral and posterior tibial arteries but often spares the profunda femoris and peroneal arteries. The authors hypothesized that the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DBLCFA) is usually spared in the atherosclerotic process and thereby flaps based on this system can be useful for reconstructive surgery in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).
Perspectives on Application and Flexibility of LWR Vitrification Technology for High Level Waste Generated from Future Fuel Cycle System (2006)

Achievement of reliable technologies on solidification and disposal of the HLW from future fuel cycle systems such for high burnup LWR, Pu-thermal (MOX), fast breeder reactor (FBR) and their transient stages is one of the most important issues to establish such advanced fuel cycle systems. In this paper, applicability and flexibility of the current vitrification technology for LWR fuel cycle to HLW from the future fuel cycle systems were reviewed by examining characteristics of the HLWs. The current developed vitrification technology is expected to have an advantage for applying to the solidification process of the HLW generated from future fuel cycle systems with some modification/optimization of the melting condition, etc. Moreover, it is thought that the advance aqueous reprocessing system developed for future FBR cycle has the potential which can contribute to the further reducing the number/volume of the HLW. It is also confirmed that development efforts on countermeasure for accumulation of noble metals, which JAEA has been carrying out aiming to accomplishing more stable and reliable operation of the vitrification process and extending the melter’s life, will be able to contribute in the future fuel cycle system furthermore.
Dissociating feature complexity from number of objects in VSTM storage using the contralateral delay activity (2010)

Many recent studies have examined the neural correlates of visual short-term memory (VSTM) maintenance using an ERP component known as the contralateral delay activity (CDA), whose amplitude corresponds to memory load within individuals and to memory capacity across individuals. The parietal distribution of the CDA makes it a particularly compelling locus of capacity-limited VSTM storage given that it overlaps with fMRI findings of feature- and location-based VSTM systems located in the superior and inferior intra-parietal sulcus. An under-explored question, however, is the extent to which the CDA indexes the feature complexity of items to be remembered or the number of objects/locations to be remembered, or both. We employed a lateralized change detection task in which the feature complexity and number of items to be remembered were independently manipulated. Items to be remembered were either simple features (shape, color, or orientation) or conjunctions of these features, and they were presented either at one location or at three locations. Behavioural results demonstrated that individuals performed comparably for simple features and conjunctions presented one at a time, while performance for simple features declined when three were presented at different locations relative to when they were conjoined in one object. We found that ERP amplitudes at the lateral, posterior sites that are typically measured in the CDA reflected the number of objects to be remembered, while more central, anterior sites indexed the complexity of the objects to be remembered. Thus, feature- and location-based systems in the parietal cortex can be dissociated even at the course spatial resolution of ERP.
[Cardiovascular effects of urapidil]. (1984)

The cardiovascular effects of urapidil have been investigated in the anesthetized rat. The mechanism of the hypotensive action of this drug has been tested in vitro on the isolated rat aorta and in vivo by intracerebroventricular injections. The peripheral vasoconstrictor effect has been studied in the pithed rat. In the pithed rat, the thoracic part of the spinal cord was electrically stimulated in order to induce a tachycardia. The reduction of this tachycardia by a drug is due to its inhibitory effect on cardiac sympathetic nerves endings. Intravenous urapidil produces a significant hypotension without change in heart rate. Directly injected into the brain cavities, urapidil produces a hypotensive effect only at very high doses (1 mg/kg). This hypotensive action of urapidil appears therefore to be mainly of peripheral origin. Urapidil antagonizes competitively the contraction of the aorta induced by norepinephrine. The drug has alpha-blocking properties which explain its hypotensive action. On the other hand, urapidil provokes a weak vasoconstrictor effect in the pithed rat and induces a presynaptic inhibition in the heart which may explain the lack of heart rate change during the hypotensive effect of the drug. Urapidil may therefore also stimulate post or presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Correlation of in vitro cytotoxicity and clinical response to chemotherapy in ovarian and breast cancer patients. (2001)

During the last years, a number of assays have been developed aiming at predicting the most effective chemotherapy regimen for each individual, avoiding possible toxicity of ineffective drugs. In the present study we have used an in vitro chemosensitivity/chemoresistance assay in order to evaluate cytotoxic treatment in ovarian and breast cancer patients. The assay was applied in 77 ovarian and breast cancer samples and the observed in vitro responses to various chemotherapeutic drugs or combinations of drugs were then correlated to the in vivo responses and the overall clinical data of the examined patients. Direct comparison was possible for 25 cases. The overall positive predictive value of the assay was 50% and the negative predictive value was 57%. However, it was observed that the positive predictive value for ovarian patients was 69% and that the negative predictive value for breast patients was 100%. Therefore this study indicates that although in vitro chemosensitivity/chemoresistance is a valuable assay, further analysis and implications of other factors are required for a general evaluation of cytotoxic treatment for patients with ovarian and breast cancer.
[Clinical and pharmacologic aspects of the analgesic effect of tricyclic antidepressants]. (1984)

Although tricyclic antidepressants have now been used for more than 20 years in the treatment of chronic pain, controlled studies of their effectiveness are quite recent. The best results are obtained in pain due to peripheral nerve lesions, and high doses are recommended. In contrast with the slow onset of their effect on depression, these drugs promptly relieve pain, which suggests two different mechanisms of action. The analgesic mechanism is unknown; some data indicate that serotonin is involved but an action on the adrenergic system cannot be ruled out. The arguments supporting the recent endorphin hypothesis are reviewed, ad a possible relationship between tricyclic antidepressants and endorphins is envisaged.
Improved Cell Search for mmWave Cellular Networks Using Deterministic Scanning Algorithm with Directional Array Antenna (2017)

Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication is considered as an enabling technology for the next generation of cellular networks because it offers much larger bandwidth and higher data rate than the current lower-frequency cellular systems to satisfy the exponential growth of mobile data demand. High gain directional antennas are needed to overcome high propagation losses in mmWave bands. However, the reliance on highly directional antennas will result in a more complicated initial cell search procedure since both base station and mobile device have to look for each other over a large space to establish the link. This paper focuses on analyzing the performance of the directional cell search procedure where the base stations periodically transmit signals in a set of optimal directional patterns to scan the coverage area. The mobile terminals detect the signals from the base station using the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). The results show that with an appropriate scanning scheme, the use of directional antennas can outperform their omnidirectional counterparts in terms of signal detection performance as well as total time required.
Molecular-Wire Behavior of OLED Materials:  Exciton Dynamics in Multichromophoric Alq<sub>3</sub>-Oligofluorene-Pt(II)porphyrin Triads (2006)

Donor-bridge-acceptor triads consisting of the Alq3 complex, oligofluorene bridge, and PtII tetraphenylporphyrin (PtTPP) were synthesized. The triads were designed to study the energy level/distance-dependence in energy transfer both in a solution and in solid state. The materials show effective singlet transfer from the Alq3-fluorene fluorophore to the porphyrin, while the triplet energy transfer, owing to the shorter delocalization of triplet excitons, appears to take place via a triplet energy cascade. Using femtosecond transient spectroscopy, the rate of the singlet-singlet energy transfer was determined. The exponential dependence of the donor-acceptor distance and the respective energy transfer rates of 7.1 x 1010 to 1.0 x 109 s-1 with the attenuation factor â of 0.21 +/- 0.02 A-1 suggest that the energy transfer proceeds via a mixed incohererent wire/superexchange mechanism. In the OLEDs fabricated using the Alq3-oligofluorene-PtTPP triads with better triplet level alignment, the order of a magnitude increase in efficacy appears to be due to facile triplet energy transfer. The devices, where the triplet-triplet energy transfer is of paramount importance, showed high color purity emission (CIE X,Y: 0.706, 0.277), which is almost identical to the emission from thin films. Most importantly, we believe that the design principles demonstrated above are general and may be used to prepare OLED materials with enhanced quantum efficacy at lowered operational potentials, being crucial for improved lifespan of OLEDs.
Machines as readers: A solution to the copyright problem (2005)

Copyright and its international complications have presented a significant barrier to the Universal Digital Library (UDL)'s mission to digitize all the published works of mankind and make them available throughout the world. The discuss the effect of existing copyright treaties and various proposals, such as compulsory licensing and the public lending right that would allow access to copyrighted works without requiring permission of their owners. We argue that these schemes are ineffective for purposes of the UDL. Instead, making use of the international consensus that copyright does not protect facts, information or processes, we propose to scan works digitally to extract their intellectual content, and then generate by machine synthetic works that capture this content, and then translate the generated works automatically into multiple languages and distribute them free of copyright restriction.
Sustained BMP signaling induces the lens placode (2008)

Abstract Purpose Fate maps at late gastrula and head fold stages show that prospective olfactory and lens placodal cells are intermingled in a domain of the anterior border region between the neural plate and the future epidermis. During embryonic development Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signals represent one class of secreted signals that are implicated in lens specification. When and how BMP signals is involved in the initial specification of the lens placode remains to be defined. Methods We have established explant and whole embryo assays of placodal cell differentiation in the chick embryo, and analyzed a panel of markers that are expressed in differentiated olfactory and lens placodal cells. Results We provide evidence that cells in the anterior border region have become specified as olfactory and lens placodal cells at the late gastrula stage, and that BMP signals are required and sufficient to induce olfactory and lens placodal cells from these progenitor cells. We also provide evidence that time of exposure of progenitor cells to BMP signals plays a key role during the differential specification of olfactory and lens placodal cells. By the neural fold stage, the generation of lens cells requires continued exposure to BMP signals, whereas the generation of olfactory placodal cells has become independent of further exposure to BMP signals. Moreover, prolonged exposure of BMP signals promotes the generation of lens cells at the expense of olfactory placodal cells. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that the specification of the lens placode requires sustained BMP signaling. Thus, our results support the emerging idea that time of exposure of progenitor cells to patterning signals play important roles during cell fate specification in different tissues in vertebrate embryos.
Interpolymer Complexation and its Effect on Bioadhesive Strength 6 Dissolution Characteristics of Buccal Drug Delivery Systems (1994)

During the process of development of mucoadhesive buccal delivery systems, interpolymer complex formation between carboxy vinyl polymer, which is similar to polyacrylic acid and other polymers as hydroxypropyl cellulose, carbopol-934, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone was studied as a function of pH. It was observed that carbopol-934 shows strong complexation with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and hydroxypropyl cellulose, but very little with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The degree of complexation is higher at acidic pH and decreases with an increase in pH. In further studies, when mucoadhesive buccal tablets were prepared using these polymer combinations, it was observed that the degree of complexation between the two polymers affected the rate and extent of drug release and also the bioadhesive strength of the tablets.
Distribution of endocytosed molecules to intracellular acidic environments correlates with immunotoxin activity (1990)

Abstract We have investigated the internalization to low PH intracellular compartments of transferrin (Tfn), diphtheria toxin (DT) and of anti‐cell surface antibodies (MAb) by a cytofluorometric assay based on low PH quenching of fluorescein (FITC) emission. FITC‐labelled Tfn, anti‐CD3, anti‐CD5 and anti‐Thy 1.2 MAb internalization resulted in a progressively lower FITC quenching effect, Following internalization, a distinction could be made between molecules that enter low PH compartments without undergoing intracellular degradation (e. g., Tfn, anti‐CD3 MAb) and molecules that are internalized through low PH organelles and are then degraded within the cell (e. g., DT). A strict correlation was observed between quenching of internalized FITC‐protein fluorescent emission and the cytotoxic activity of DT‐based immunotoxins (IT).
Homogeneous anionic polymerization. IV. Kinetics of butadiene and isoprene polymerization with butyllithium (1963)

Abstract The kinetics of polymerization of butadiene and isoprene with butyllithium initiator have been studied both in n ‐hexane and tetrahydrofuran solution. The overall polymerization rates were much faster in the THF solutions than in n ‐hexane, and the latter also exhibited relatively slow initiation rates compared to propagation. By use of a preinitiation technique, where necessary, it was possible to study the propagation kinetics without any interference by initiation. The propagation reaction was found to be first‐order with respect to monomer in both solvents, but much faster in THF. Furthermore, it was first‐order with respect to growing chain concentration in the THF system, but only half‐order in the n ‐hexane system. This was taken to indicate the existence, in n ‐hexane solution, of an association equilibrium between active single chains and inactive chain pairs. The activation energy for propagation was found to be 6–7 kg. cal. in THF and about 22 kg. cal. in n ‐hexane for both monomers, but the latter value obviously includes the heat of dissociation of the associated chain pairs. The Arrhenius expression for the propagation rate in THF contains a very low frequency factor (∼︁10 4 ) and leads to a propagation rate constant at least two orders of magnitude less than the corresponding value for free radical propagation.
Highly accurate stitching method between cell projection and variably shaped e-beam shots (1998)

For development and practical fabrication of advanced ultra- large-scale integrated circuits (ULSIs), cell projection (CP) electron beam (EB) lithography has the advantage of high writing throughput, compared with conventional variably shaped (VS) EB lithography. However, when the CP method is used for fabricating advanced ULSIs, the shot stitching accuracy for the minimum feature size between CP and VS EB shots becomes a serious problem. To obtain highly reliable shot stitching accuracy between CP and VS EB shots, we developed a highly accurate stitching method using a cross- correlation method for measurement of the CP EB shot center position. By using the cross-correlation method between ideal and practical detected signals, an estimation stability error of less than 10 nm for the position of the CP EB shot center was achieved. We applied this proposed method in Gbit DRAM pattern fabrication. The mean value for the EB shot stitching accuracy was always suppressed to less than 10 nm. As a result, we obtained a shot stitching accuracy of less than 25 nm between CP and VS EB shots.
Evaluation of the use of multimodality skin markers for the registration of pre-procedure cardiac MR images and intra-procedure x-ray fluoroscopy images for image guided cardiac electrophysiology procedures (2008)

This paper presents the evaluation of the use of multimodality skin markers for the registration of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) image data to x-ray fluoroscopy data for the guidance of cardiac electrophysiology procedures. The approach was validated using a phantom study and 3 patients undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In the patient study, skin markers were affixed to the patients' chest and used to register pre-procedure cardiac MR image data to intra-procedure fluoroscopy data. Registration errors were assessed using contrast angiograms of the left atrium that were available in 2 out of 3 cases. A clinical expert generated "gold standard" registrations by adjusting the registration manually. Target registration errors (TREs) were computed using points on the PV ostia. Ablation locations were computed using biplane x-ray imaging. Registration errors were further assessed by computing the distances of the ablation points to the registered left atrial surface for all 3 patients. The TREs were 6.0 & 3.1mm for patients 1 & 2. The mean ablation point errors were 6.2, 3.8, & 3.0mm for patients 1, 2, & 3. These results are encouraging in the context of a 5mm clinical accuracy requirement for this type of procedure. We conclude that multimodality skin markers have the potential to provide anatomical image integration for x-ray guided cardiac electrophysiology procedures, especially if coupled with an accurate respiratory motion compensation strategy.
A study of cased and open holes for deep-hole seismic detection (1963)

Abstract A study is made of the relative merits of recording seismic signals in cased and open boreholes. Simultaneous measurements of seismic signals in adjacent cased and open holes are compared. It is shown that, in general, the same natural earth noise is recorded in both holes, and the response to the high-amplitude unidirectional signal is the same in both holes. The conclusion is that the casing in a borehole has no detectable effect upon a seismic signal if the casing is cemented to the borehole wall and wall-coupled geophones are used.
Role for Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Brain Lipid Sensing (2006)

The ability for the brain to sense peripheral fuel availability is mainly accomplished within the hypothalamus, which detects ongoing systemic nutrients and adjusts food intake and peripheral metabolism as needed. Here, we hypothesized that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) could trigger sensing of nutrients within the hypothalamus. For this purpose, we induced acute hypertriglyceridemia in rats and examined the function of mitochondria in the hypothalamus. Hypertriglyceridemia led to a rapid increase in the mitochondrial respiration in the ventral hypothalamus together with a transient production of ROS. Cerebral inhibition of fatty acids-CoA mitochondrial uptake prevented the hypertriglyceridemia-stimulated ROS production, indicating that ROS derived from mitochondrial metabolism. The hypertriglyceridemia-stimulated ROS production was associated with change in the intracellular redox state without any noxious cytotoxic effects, suggesting that ROS function acutely as signaling molecules. Moreover, cerebral inhibition of hypertriglyceridemia-stimulated ROS production fully abolished the satiety related to the hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting that hypothalamic ROS production was required to restrain food intake during hypertriglyceridemia. Finally, we found that fasting disrupted the hypertriglyceridemia-stimulated ROS production, indicating that the redox mechanism of brain nutrient sensing could be modulated under physiological conditions. Altogether, these findings support the role of mitochondrial ROS as molecular actors implied in brain nutrient sensing.
Elimination of Flux Transients in Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1985)

The application of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to the growth of compound semiconductors for devices and monolithic circuits requires excellent film uniformity and reproducibility of growth conditions. Conventional conical crucible cells for group III elements typically provide excellent film uniformity but exhibit a significant flux transient upon shutter opening due to the cooling of the melt surface. Flux transients result in poor control over initial growth stoichiometry and uncertainty over the initial film parameters which limit film reproducibility. This paper reports on a unique pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) crucible arrangement for group III elements which simultaneously provides excellent film uniformity and a low flux transient. The cell utilizes a deep PBN crucible for a large recessed melt volume and a PBN insert to maintain beam uniformity. The cell provides film thickness and doping variations of less than 2% across a 2‐in.‐diam wafer and a flux transient of less than 3% when the shutter is...