gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A lightweight protocol for interconnecting heterogeneous devices in dynamic environments (2003)

In the near future people will be able to move freely and still have seamless network and Internet connectivity. One implication of this new style of interaction is an increased diversity in the types of devices which will be used to maintain connectivity. While many of the Internet protocols have proven successful and long-lived in traditional networks: we believe they will be inappropriate for use in communicating among limited-capability devices. We introduce a new network layer protocol for intra-network communication in clouds containing devices with varying processing and communication capabilities. Our proposed protocol, called Pseudo-IP, is designed to operate among devices in the farthest branches/leaves of an intranet while providing inter-network connectivity with other clouds and with the existing IP-based Internet infrastructure. Pseudo-IP will accommodate a wide range of devices with varying power processing, and communication capabilities, while supporting a variety of applications.
On the use of orthogonal signals to generate parallel branches and improve the spectral efficiency of CPM and TCM modulation (2005)

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) and trellis-coded modulation are well-understood schemes that layer trellis codes with multilevel modulation to produce efficient bandwidth waveforms. This paper describes a novel modulation scheme which takes advantage of existing trellis codes and adds parallel branches to create a new modulation with greater spectral efficiency and reduced receiver complexity. The first part of the paper discusses the trade-off between Euclidean distance and modulation bandwidth for the standard 1-REC CPM waveform. A set of orthogonal signals can be added to the CPM constellation which provides a series of parallel branches in the natural trellis structure of the CPM modulation. The corresponding bandwidth expansion and throughput improvement is analyzed and the advantages of this modulation technique are discussed. This new, non-constant envelope CPM waveform is compared to the multi-level, multi-amplitude CPM waveform (described in Proakis). In similar fashion, a trellis-coded, shaped PSK modulation is expanded to include orthogonal signal shaping and the power and spectral efficiencies are discussed.
A facilitator's general model for managing socio-emotional issues in group support systems meeting environments (2002)

This paper addresses the socio-emotional dimension that exists in group support systems (GSS) meeting environments from the perspective of the facilitator. A model is presented and discussed that represents how facilitator's perceive and manage socio-emotional issues in a GSS environment. The role of GSS in the model is also explored. The research methodology for gathering and analyzing the data was based on the critical incident technique and semi-structured interviews. The findings presented in this paper represent one facet of a larger research project. In conclusion, the implication of this paper's findings for facilitators and future research issues are posited.
Heterochromatin protein 1 distribution during development and during the cell cycle in <i>Drosophila</i> embryos (1995)

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) was initially discovered as a protein that is associated with the heterochromatin at the chromocenter of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila larval salivary glands. In this paper we investigate the localization of heterochromatin protein 1 in the diploid nuclei of Drosophila embryos. We focus on its association with the interphase heterochromatin in fixed embryos before and during cycle 14, the developmental time at which heterochromatin becomes most conspicuous, and also follow its localization during mitosis. The GAGA transcription factor was recently shown to be localized at sequences within alpha-heterochromatin in pre-cycle 14 embryos, and an antibody against this protein serves as a convenient marker for these sequences. We find an enrichment of heterochromatin protein 1 in the intensely DAPI-staining regions near the apical surface of nuclear cycle 10 embryos. At this stage GAGA factor is localized into punctate structures in this same region. This enrichment for HP1 is markedly increased during nuclear cycle 14. Surprisingly, whereas GAGA factor retains its association with the heterochromatin throughout the cell cycle, a significant fraction of HP1 is dispersed throughout the spindle around the segregating chromosomes during mitosis. This dispersed pool of heterochromatin protein 1 was observed during mitosis in both early and late Drosophila embryos and in an analysis of a bacterially produced 6x histidine-heterochromatin protein 1 fusion protein injected into living Drosophila embryos. When Drosophila tissue culture cells were prepared by a method which removes soluble protein and avoids fixation of the mitotic chromosomes, an enrichment for heterochromatin protein 1 in the heterochromatin of the chromosomes was discovered also.
PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ospC gene for detection of mixed culture and for epidemiological typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (1997)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the outer surface protein C (ospC) gene amplicon was used for rapid screening for genetic variability within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto species and for detection of multiple borreliae in culture. Primers for the ospC gene amplified a fragment of about 600 bp from Borrelia cultures. After cleavage of the amplified products by MboI and DraI, eight different RFLP types were found among 13 B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains from various sources and geographical areas, and three RFLP types were found among 10 representative isolates from skin biopsy specimens taken from patients residing on the eastern end of Long Island, New York (B. W. Berger, R. C. Johnson, C. Kodner, and L. Coleman, J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:359-361, 1992). These results suggested that the DNA organization of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is heterogeneous not only globally but also within a localized geographical area and that the ospC-based typing approach could differentiate the B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. From the results obtained using mixed cultures of two different RFLP types of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, contamination of at least 0.5% of different types of Borrelia cells in culture could be detected. This method could detect a multiple-B. burgdorferi sensu stricto infection in the bladders of mice experimentally infected with two different RFLP type strains. The present study showed that RFLP analysis of ospC-PCR products is a reliable method for epidemiological typing of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and could be used for rapid detection of mixed Borrelia culture and multiple B. burgdorferi sensu stricto infections in animals, ticks, and patients.
Modeling power management for hard disks (2002)

Recently, a large effort has been made to reduce the power consumed by computer-systems. Multiple power states have been defined, and mechanisms have been developed to allow system software to control transitions between these states. Unfortunately, little work has been done to determine effective times to change states. Statistical models of the power utilized by individual subsystems call provide a basis for making such decisions. The hard disk state model described provides both the quantitative data and insight necessary to design an efficient power management system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
State Of The Art High Energy And High Average Power Flashlamp Excited Dye Lasers (1986)

A review of current state of the art high energy and high average power flashlamp excited dye lasers is presented. Coaxial flashlamp dye laser designs have not changed significantly since they were first developed in 1968. However, there is now a better understanding on how to optimize operating parameters. New high brightness coaxial flashlamp excited dye laser systems can produce tunable ultraviolet radiation by means of second harmonic generation with high efficiency and output. Energy conversion efficiency over 16 percent has been measured at one joule input levels, and over one joule of ultraviolet light has been produced at a conversion efficiency exceeding ten percent. For high average power outputs greater than a 100 watts, the linear flashlamp excited dye laser is the preferred approach. Linear lamp dye lasers are intrinsically more efficient than coaxial lamp lasers,and pulsed electrical to laser output efficiency over 1.6 percent has been observed without the use of high dye concentrations. Except in a true waveguide dye laser, high concentration of the dye solution increases efficiency at the expense of beam quality. Design and performance parameters of a high brightness capillary cell, dye laser in terms of a beam quality figure of merit number R is described.
Building an Information System Design Theory for Vigilant EIS (1992)

This paper defines an information system design theory (ISDT) to be a prescriptive theory which integrates normative and descriptive theories into design paths intended to produce more effective information systems. The nature of ISDTs is articulated using Dubin's concept of theory building and Simon's idea of a science of the artificial. An example of an ISDT is presented in the context of Executive Information Systems (EIS). Despite the increasing awareness of the potential of EIS for enhancing executive strategic decision-making effectiveness, there exists little theoretical work which directly guides EIS design. We contend that the underlying theoretical basis of EIS can be addressed through a design theory of vigilant information systems. Vigilance denotes the ability of an information system to help an executive remain alertly watchful for weak signals and discontinuities in the organizational environment relevant to emerging strategic threats and opportunities. Research on managerial information scanning and emerging issue tracking as well as theories of open loop control are synthesized to generate vigilant information system design theory propositions. Transformation of the propositions into testable empirical hypotheses is discussed.
IPv6 Address Allocation Management (1995)

The IPv6 address space will be managed by the IANA for the good of the Internet community, with advice from the IAB and the IESG, by delegation to the regional registries.
Sliding Forearm Rest for Parallel Bars (1983)

Problem Forearm trough canes or platform crutches have been advocated for patients with rheumatoid arthritis because they protect the joints of the hands and wrists.1 Parallel bars are standard physical therapy equipment used for teaching gait patterns when assistance for support and balance is needed.2 Using the parallel bars is difficult, however, for patients with limited or nonfunctional handgrip. This problem prompted the development of the sliding forearm rest attachment for the parallel bars, and the rationale for the forearm trough canes was the basis of its design. Sliding Forearm Rest Construction The sliding forearm rest consists of a pair of forearm troughs* attached to a U-shaped frame. The frame is supported by four trolleys that ride on the parallel bars. The device can be fabricated by a machine shop from readily obtainable materials (Fig. 1).
The role of cytology in the diagnosis of breast lesions (1997)

乳癌診断において, 細胞診は主として (腫瘤) 触知病変における穿刺吸引細胞診 (FNAC) や異常乳頭分泌に対する乳頭分泌細胞診, そして乳頭びらんに対する擦過細胞診などで利用されている。教室の症例では触知乳癌は約95%を占めているが, 視触診, 画像診断, FNACを併用することにより大部分は診断を確定することができる。この中でもFNACはsensitivity 97.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) 98.2%と診断能が高く, 最も重要な診断法である。乳頭分泌細胞診は特に異常乳頭分泌を伴う非触知乳癌の診断に関わっているが, その診断能は低く, 教室では乳管腺葉区域切除 (DLS) を行い診断を確定している。しかしながら異常乳頭分泌のある症例のうち悪性であるものはわずかであるため, 乳頭分泌細胞診, 乳管造影などで総合的にDLSの適応を決めている。同じ細胞診でもFNACと乳頭分泌細胞診ではその診断能に大きな違いがあり, 主治医および細胞診断医は連絡を密にして, 乳癌診療におけるそれぞれの細胞診の位置づけをお互いに確認しておくことが重要である。
Escherichia coli Bacteria-Templated Synthesis of Nanoporous Cadmium Sulfide Hollow Microrods for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production (2010)

A simple sonochemical method has been utilized to synthesize nanoporous hollow structures of semiconducting cadmium sulfide (CdS) using Escherichia coli bacteria as template. To enable adsorption and reaction throughout the E. coli cell envelope, the cell permeability is enhanced by suitable ethanol treatment while preserving the morphology. With cadmium acetate and thioacetamide as reactants, CdS nanostructures in the form of monodisperse quantum dots, nearly monodisperse nanocrystals, and nanoporous hollow microrods are controllably formed on ethanol-treated E. coli with increasing reaction time. Additionally, nanorod antennas have been fabricated by utilizing the pili formed during the growth phase of the bacteria. The CdS crystal structure can be tuned from being pure cubic to a mixture of cubic and hexagonal or pure hexagonal by simply adjusting the sulfur/cadmium molar ratio of the reactants. Photoanodes fabricated using the hexagonal structured CdS nanoporous hollow microrods exhibit excellent performance for photocatalytic hydrogen production, with a maximum photoelectrochemical cell efficiency of 4.3% under global AM 1.5 illumination. This is significantly better than the 1.2% efficiency obtained using CdS nanoparticles synthesized utilizing the same procedure in the absence of E. coli. The bacterial template route has been extended to the synthesis and assembly of other chalcogenide nanostructures, including PbS, HgS, and ZnS. Use of chalcogenide hollow nanostructures with mixed stoichiometry can potentially lead to further improvements in the photoconversion efficiency.
Flow Visualization in a Particle Laden Jet Flow (1990)

Abstract : The results of a flow visualization study of the behavior of an unconfined, steady, fully turbulent, two phase jet of diameter 12.7 mm at the exist with velocities up to 25 m/s and containing particles with a mass density of loading up to 5% are described. The significant result is the demonstration of fan spreading, whereby some of the particulates carried by the jet take paths outside of the expected envelope of an equivalent single-phase jet. Measurements of the path angles and a new theory to explain the reason for fan spreading is reported. Keywords: Laser doppler anemometry, Two phase flow, Flow visualization.
The Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell and a Common Pattern of Electrocatalytic Processes (2018)

A record power density of 450 mW/cm2 has been demonstrated for a direct ammonia fuel cell using an alkaline membrane electrolyte. The relative activities of Pt-based and Ir-based AOR catalysts are determined by a lower onset potential at Ir, explained by the higher bond strength Ir-N vs. Pt-N. This beneficial effect of the higher bond strength overrides the opposite effect on the rate of surface dimerization. A mechanistic pattern common to the AOR, ORR, and HOR processes is shown to involve a pre-step preceding the RDS, where the former step is the determinant of the onset potential. This pattern and the role of the pre-step in determining both the onset potential and the form of polarization curves observed for electro-catalytic processes are revealed from rate expressions based on absolute rate theory, with a pre-factor reflecting the potential dependence of the surface populations of active sites and/or reactants for the RDS. A brief discussion of "single descriptors" which have been proposed for such complex electrocatalytic processes suggests that an effective description of these processes would require, as a rule, more than a single descriptor.
Antagonism of Cyhalofop Grass Activity by Halosulfuron, Triclopyr, and Propanil<sup>1</sup> (2005)

Field experiments in 2001 and 2002 at Stuttgart, AR, demonstrated cyhalofop applied POST controlled propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass, and broadleaf signalgrass 67, 65, and 71%, respectively 28 days after treatment (DAT). Halosulfuron applied 1 d before cyhalofop or applied in a tank-mixture reduced broadleaf signalgrass and propanil-resistant or propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass by 35 to 59 percentage points. Triclopyr applied 5, 3, or 1 d before, or mixed with, cyhalofop reduced control of propanil-resistant and propanil-susceptible barnyardgrass, 16 to 41 percentage points, respectively. Triclopyr applied 1 d before cyhalofop or combined with cyhalofop reduced broadleaf signalgrass control 38 and 18 percentage points, respectively compared with cyhalofop alone. Propanil reduced cyhalofop grass control only when mixed with cyhalofop. Application timings, averaged across halosulfuron, propanil, and triclopyr, made 1 d before cyhalofop or tank-mixed with cyhalofop reduced grass control more compared with other application timings made before or after cyhalofop. Barnyardgrass absorption of 14C-cyhalofop alone or mixed with propanil was 86 and 75%, respectively, with 14C-cyhalofop translocation being reduced by 10-fold when propanil was mixed with cyhalofop. Reductions in cyhalofop translocation in combination with propanil may have partially explained the reductions in grass control observed in the field.Nomenclature: Cyhalofop; halosulfuron; triclopyr; propanil; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCG; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. # BRAPP; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘Wells’.Additional index words: ACCase, application timing, herbicide absorption, herbicide translocation, herbicide interaction, propanil-resistant barnyardgrass.Abbreviations: ACCase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ALS, acetolactate synthase; COC, crop oil concentrate; DAT, days after treatment; HAE, hours after exposure; LSS, liquid scintillation spectrophotometry; PS, photosynthetic; SA, synthetic auxin.
Die Bedeutung der Direktinvestitionsstatistik als Instrument der internationalen technisch-wirtschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit (1967)

Im Zusammenhang mit den erörterten quantitativen und methodischen Problemen erhebt sich zwangsläufig die Frage nach der Relevanz einer Statistik für das ökonomische Geschehen. Die Effizienz einer Statistik ergibt sich unter anderem aus der ihr zugrunde gelegten Aufgabenstellung und der Zweckmäßigkeit ihrer so vorgegebenen Ausrichtung.
Near-Optimal Sample Compression for Nearest Neighbors (2018)

We present the first sample compression algorithm for nearest neighbors with non-trivial performance guarantees. We complement these guarantees by demonstrating almost matching hardness lower bounds, which show that our performance bound is nearly optimal. Our result yields new insight into margin-based nearest neighbor classification in metric spaces and allows us to significantly sharpen and simplify existing bounds. Some encouraging empirical results are also presented.
Identification of lactobacilli by pheS and rpoA gene sequence analyses (2007)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) and the RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) partial gene sequences for species identification of members of the genus Lactobacillus. Two hundred and one strains representing the 98 species and 17 subspecies were examined. The pheS gene sequence analysis provided an interspecies gap, which in most cases exceeded 10 % divergence, and an intraspecies variation of up to 3 %. The rpoA gene sequences revealed a somewhat lower resolution, with an interspecies gap normally exceeding 5 % and an intraspecies variation of up to 2 %. The combined use of pheS and rpoA gene sequences offers a reliable identification system for nearly all species of the genus Lactobacillus. The pheS and rpoA gene sequences provide a powerful tool for the detection of potential novel Lactobacillus species and synonymous taxa. In conclusion, the pheS and rpoA gene sequences can be used as alternative genomic markers to 16S rRNA gene sequences and have a higher discriminatory power for reliable identification of species of the genus Lactobacillus.
Tandem Metal-Coordination Copolymerization and Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization via Water To Synthesize Diblock Copolymers of Styrene Oxide/CO<sub>2</sub> and Lactide (2012)

Selective transformation of carbon dioxide and epoxides into degradable polycarbonates (CO2-based copolymer) has been regarded as a most promising green polymerization process. Although tremendous progress has been made during the past decade, very few successful examples have been reported to synthesize well-defined block copolymers to expand the scope of these green copolymers. Herein, we report a tandem strategy combining two living polymerization techniques, salenCo(III)X-catalyzed styrene oxide SO/CO2 copolymerization and ring-opening polymerization of lactide with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), for the synthesis of poly(styrene carbonate-block-lactide) copolymers. The key to the success of this tandem strategy is the judicious choice of water as the chain transfer and/or chain terminator reagent, which is added at the end of the salenCo(III)X-catalyzed SO/CO2 copolymerization to in situ generate hydroxyl groups at the end of the polymer chains. The resulting polycarbonates with −OH end groups can thus be directly used as macroinitiators to subsequently initiate ring-opening polymerization of lactide to synthesize the diblock copolymers. Because of the living polymerization nature of both steps in this tandem strategy, we have demonstrated that the diblock copolymers synthesized possess well-defined structures with narrow molecular weight distributions and controllable lengths of both styrene carbonate and lactide blocks.
Highly ordered ultralong magnetic nanowires wrapped in stacked graphene layers (2012)

We report on the synthesis and magnetic characterization of ultralong (1 cm) arrays of highly ordered coaxial nanowires with nickel cores and graphene stacking shells (also known as metal-filled carbon nanotubes). Carbon-containing nickel nanowires are first grown on a nanograted surface by magnetron sputtering. Then, a post-annealing treatment favors the metal-catalyzed crystallization of carbon into stacked graphene layers rolled around the nickel cores. The observed uniaxial magnetic anisotropy field oriented along the nanowire axis is an indication that the shape anisotropy dominates the dipolar coupling between the wires. We further show that the thermal treatment induces a decrease in the coercivity of the nanowire arrays. This reflects an enhancement of the quality of the nickel nanowires after annealing attributed to a decrease of the roughness of the nickel surface and to a reduction of the defect density. This new type of graphene-ferromagnetic-metal nanowire appears to be an interesting building block for spintronic applications.
Oil Wells Don't End Well: How Petroleum Addiction Has Driven Morally Bankrupt American Foreign Policy and Directly Caused (and Funded) Terrorism (2008)

There is no doubt whatsoever we have seen the last of cheap petroleum and fluffing about with market mechanisms, competition issues and perverse subsidies misses the point completely. The cost of petroleum will escalate at an increasing pace when we inevitably and irreversibly tumble down the curve of oil depletion and there is nothing whatsoever we can do about it. Geoffrey Chia explores the links between Peak Oil, fossil-fuel dependency and global security.