gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressive strength after blast of sandwich composite materials (2014)

Composite sandwich materials have yet to be widely adopted in the construction of naval vessels despite their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and low radar return. One barrier to their wider use is our limited understanding of their performance when subjected to air blast. This paper focuses on this problem and specifically the strength remaining after damage caused during an explosion. Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite skins on a styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer closed-cell foam core are the primary composite system evaluated. Glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite skins were also included for comparison in a comparable sandwich configuration. Full-scale blast experiments were conducted, where 1.6×1.3 m sized panels were subjected to blast of a Hopkinson-Cranz scaled distance of 3.02 m kg(-1/3), 100 kg TNT equivalent at a stand-off distance of 14 m. This explosive blast represents a surface blast threat, where the shockwave propagates in air towards the naval vessel. Hopkinson was the first to investigate the characteristics of this explosive air-blast pulse (Hopkinson 1948 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 89, 411-413 (doi:10.1098/rspa.1914.0008)). Further analysis is provided on the performance of the CFRP sandwich panel relative to the GFRP sandwich panel when subjected to blast loading through use of high-speed speckle strain mapping. After the blast events, the residual compressive load-bearing capacity is investigated experimentally, using appropriate loading conditions that an in-service vessel may have to sustain. Residual strength testing is well established for post-impact ballistic assessment, but there has been less research performed on the residual strength of sandwich composites after blast.
Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol (2002)

Two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8, have been proposed to limit sterol absorption and to promote biliary sterol excretion in humans. To test this hypothesis, a P1 clone containing the human ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes was used to generate transgenic mice. The transgenes were expressed primarily in the liver and small intestine, mirroring the expression pattern of the endogenous genes. Transgene expression only modestly affected plasma and liver cholesterol levels but profoundly altered cholesterol transport. The fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol was reduced by about 50%, and biliary cholesterol levels were increased more than fivefold. Fecal neutral sterol excretion was increased three- to sixfold and hepatic cholesterol synthesis increased two- to fourfold in the transgenic mice. No significant changes in the pool size, composition, and fecal excretion of bile acids were observed in the transgenic mice. Transgene expression attenuated the increase in hepatic cholesterol content induced by consumption of a high cholesterol diet. These results demonstrate that increased expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 selectively drives biliary neutral sterol secretion and reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, leading to a selective increase in neutral sterol excretion and a compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Thiazoles: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2‐Arylidenethiazolo[3′,2′ :1,2]imidazo[5,4‐b]pyridin‐3(2H)‐ones, 2‐Arylidenethiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazol‐3(2H)‐ones and 6‐Arylidenethiazolo[3,2‐b]‐s‐triazol‐5(6H)‐ones. (1986)

Abstract Title compounds of type (III) and (VII) are synthesized as showh in the scheme and screened for antifungal activity.
Comparison of the Structure of the Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta in Adults Having Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis Versus for Pure Aortic Regurgitation and Resection of the Ascending Aorta for Aneurysm (2011)

Background— There is debate concerning whether an aneurysmal ascending aorta should be replaced when associated with a dysfunctioning aortic valve that is to be replaced. To examine this issue, we divided the patients by type of aortic valve dysfunction—either aortic stenosis (AS) or pure aortic regurgitation (AR)—something not previously undertaken. Methods and Results— Of 122 patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (unassociated with aortitis or acute dissection), the aortic valve was congenitally malformed (unicuspid or bicuspid) in 58 (98%) of the 59 AS patients, and in 38 (60%) of the 63 pure AR patients. Ascending aortic medial elastic fiber loss (EFL) (graded 0 to 4+) was zero or 1+ in 53 (90%) of the AS patients, in 20 (53%) of the 38 AR patients with bicuspid valves, and in all 12 AR patients with tricuspid valves unassociated with the Marfan syndrome. An unadjusted analysis showed that, among the 96 patients with congenitally malformed valves, the 38 AR patients had a significantly higher likelihood of 2+ to 4+ EFL than the 58 AS patients (crude odds ratio: 8.78; 95% confidence interval: 2.95, 28.13). Conclusions— These data strongly suggest that the type of aortic valve dysfunction—AS versus pure AR—is very helpful in predicting loss of aortic medial elastic fibers in patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and aortic valve disease.
Preliminary results of the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (2005)

The Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) operates onboard the Earth Orbiter 1 mission in 2004. The ASE software uses onboard continuous planning, robust task and goal-based execution, and onboard machine learning and pattern recognition to radically increase science return by enabling intelligent downlink selection and autonomous retargeting. In This work we discuss how these AI technologies are synergistically integrated in multi-layer control architecture to enable a virtual spacecraft science agent. We also present the preliminary results from flight validation of this experiment. This software demonstrates the potential for space missions to use onboard decision-making to detect, analyze, and respond to science events, and to downlink only the highest value science data. As a result, ground-based mission planning and analysis functions were simplified, thus reducing operations cost.
Prehistorische Kulturen in het Zuiden deb Lage Landen. <i>By</i>S. J. De Laet. 561<i>pages</i>, 253 <i>figures</i>. Universa Wetteren, 1974. <i>Price not given</i>. (1975)

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ChemInform Abstract: QUININDINES PART 16, SYNTHESIS AND PHARAMCOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME ALKYL‐, ARALKYL‐ AND AMINOALKYLKETONE SERIES OF 1,2‐DIHYDRO‐4H‐BETA‐QUININDINE (1975)

Abstract Die Acylierung von 4‐Methyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐4H‐β‐chinindin (I) mit den Carbonsäurechloriden (IIa)‐(IIf) führt zu den 3‐Acyl‐Produkten (IIIa)‐(IIIf).
Gaussian mixture model‐based classification of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI data for identifying diverse tumor microenvironments: preliminary results (2013)

Tumor hypoxia develops heterogeneously, affects radiation sensitivity and the development of metastases. Prognostic information derived from the in vivo characterization of the spatial distribution of hypoxic areas in solid tumors can be of value for radiation therapy planning and for monitoring the early treatment response. Tumor hypoxia is caused by an imbalance between the supply and consumption of oxygen. The tumor oxygen supply is inherently linked to its vasculature and perfusion which can be evaluated by dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-) MRI using the contrast agent Gd-DTPA. Thus, we hypothesize that DCE-MRI data may provide surrogate information regarding tumor hypoxia. In this study, DCE-MRI data from a rat prostate tumor model were analysed with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based classification to identify perfused, hypoxic and necrotic areas for a total of ten tumor slices from six rats, of which one slice was used as training data for GMM classifications. The results of pattern recognition analyzes were validated by comparison to corresponding Akep maps defining the perfused area (0.84 ± 0.09 overlap), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections defining necrosis (0.64 ± 0.15 overlap) and pimonidazole-stained sections defining hypoxia (0.72 ± 0.17 overlap), respectively. Our preliminary data indicate the feasibility of a GMM-based classification to identify tumor hypoxia, necrosis and perfusion/permeability from non-invasively acquired, in vivo DCE-MRI data alone, possibly obviating the need for invasive procedures, such as biopsies, or exposure to radioactivity, such as positron emission tomography (PET) exams.
Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of tumor necrosis factor-induced alterations of phospholipid metabolites and pH in Friend leukemia cell tumors and fibrosarcomas in mice. (1987)

The alterations induced on the pool sizes of five phospholipid metabolites, glycerol 3-phosphorycholine, glycerol 3-phosphorylethanolamine, phosphorylcholine, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, and choline were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in murine tumors injected with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Solid tumors were obtained by s.c. injection of either Friend leukemia cells (clones 3C1-8 and 745) in DBA/2 mice or murine fibrosarcoma cells (HeN4) in C3H/HeN mice. After tumor nodules had developed, TNF or bovine serum albumin was injected intratumorally. Treatment of both tumors with TNF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor growth. 31P-NMR analyses of Friend leukemia cell tumors (and tissue extracts), 6 h after injection of TNF, showed: (a) a 1.5- to 3.5-fold decrease in the pool sizes of glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine and glycerol 3-phosphorylethanolamine; (b) a 7- to 8-fold increase of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate; (c) a 2- to 3.5-fold decrease of phosphorylcholine; (d) an alkaline shift (0.2 units) in intratumoral pH. Similar metabolic alterations occurred in TNF-treated HeN4 fibrosarcoma. 1H-NMR analyses of Friend leukemia cell tumor extracts also indicated, 6 h after tumor injection with TNF: (a) elevated choline levels (9X); (b) a 19-fold increase in the ratio [choline]/[phosporylcholine]; (c) elevated (1.4X) levels of lactic acid; and (d) a 1.6-fold decrease in the [taurine]/[glycine] ratio. The results are interpreted in the light of possible alterations in the activity of enzymes controlling the de novo biosynthesis and catabolism of phospholipids. We concluded that NMR spectroscopy can be a useful means to monitor the level of some phospholipid precursors and/or derivatives as early markers of therapeutic efficacy in intact neoplastic tissues.
Adaptive Systems: An Introduction (1996)

Introducing readers to adaptive systems in a rigorous but elementary fashion, this text emphasizes the mainstream developments in adaptive control and signal processing of linear discrete time systems. A unified framework is developed whereby the reader can analyze and understand any adaptive system in the literature. The so-called equilibrium analysis facilitates an understanding of the limitations and potential of adaptive systems in a transparent fashion; while the behavioural approach to linear systems plays an essential role at some key points in the text. So-called universal controllers are presented in some detail. Each chapter is accompanied by exercises that aim to develop certain aspects of the theory, as well as to give the reader a better understanding of the actual behaviour of adaptive systems.
Impact of Voluntary Retirement Scheme on Retirees and Indian Public Sector Banks: An Empirical Exploration (2007)

The paper based on a primary survey conducted in a few selected Indian ·cities attempts to find out the impact of Vol,mtary . Retirement Scheme (VRS) on the post- VRS liF of the employees who opted for VRS (retirees) and on the performance of Indian Public Sector Banks (PSBs). The results point out that the most important reasons for retirement were the financial attractiveness of the scheme, fear of transfer and poor health. It is also revealed that the retirees generally continued to enjoy almost the pre-retirement level of financial and social status. The financial perfonnance of the banks shows improvement after the VRS.
CoBoLD &#x2014; A bonding mechanism for modular self-reconfigurable mobile robots (2011)

Within this paper, CoBoLD - short for Cone Bolt Locking Device - a bonding mechanism for modular self-reconfigurable autonomous mobile robots is presented. The docking unit is used to physically connect modular robots and/or toolboxes in order to form complex structures and robotic organisms. CoBoLD is specially designed to combine essential features like genderlessness, symmetry, high stiffness, integrated force sensors and electrical contacts, while still using a simple and low cost, easy to manufacture setup. Next to a detailed description of CoBoLDs assembly, first trails and their results are shown in this paper. CoBoLD is used at several different robotic platforms and toolboxes within the EU founded projects SYMBRION and REPLICATOR.
Measurement of characteristics of voice over IP in a wireless LAN environment (2003)

Voice over IP is becoming very popular in computer communication applications, where quality of service can be evaluated solely by an accurate characterization of packet loss and delay. However, hardware measurement equipment for wireless networks such as 802.11 are essentially unavailable and many software techniques are either inaccurate or imprecise. This paper presents a novel measurement and clock synchronization technique that requires only commercially available software tools to measure the end-to-end propagation delay, delay jitter, and the exact times that packets were lost in the network. This system is capable of measuring the delay of the arriving packets to within 50 microseconds of accuracy. The measurement system is used in a wireless LAN testbed to evaluate the characteristics of voice over IP in an IEEE 802.11 environment.
Surgical Treatment of Intestinal Complications after Radiotherapy and Surgery for Malignant Lymphoma and Carcinoma of the Testis (1979)

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the complications occurred after surgical and radiological procedures, for staging and treatment of malignant lymphomas and testicular carcinoma with an evaluation of the possible efficacy of their surgical treatment. At the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan during the period 1970-1976, 718 patients with malignant lymphomas were staged with laparosplenectomy; 444 of them received radiotherapy on the abdominal area. Laparosplenectomy was not performed on other 123 cases that were irradiated as well on the abdominal area. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy or explorative laparotomy were carried out in 98 patients with carcinoma of the testis and 46 of them received adjuvant radiotherapy; other 29 were irradiated without previous surgical procedures. After surgery alone morbidity and mortality rate were 2.7% and 0.73% respectively. The mortality/morbidity ratio was 26%. The incidence of complications after radiotherapy alone was 3.3%. No deaths followed the treatment. Combined treatment had a morbidity rate of 5.5% and mortality rate of 2%. The mortality/morbidity ratio was 37%. Complications were treated mainly by surgery: out of 50 interventions, 22 were intestinal resections. New secondary complications were however frequent (more than 50% after intestinal resection) especially in patients originally treated with laparosplenectomy or retroperitoneal dissection plus radiotherapy.
Compensateur statique de 3 MVAR avec une topologie à base de Gradateur MLI (2008)

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Vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy of dialkyl polysilanes (1991)

We present here a complete experimental determination of the optical properties and electronic structure of the polymers poly(di-n-pentylsilane) and poly(di-n-hexylsilane) from 2 to 44 eV. The electronic structure revealed by these measurements is consistent with the assignment of the higher-energy transitions to the carbon-based sidechains and the lower-energy transitions to the silicon backbone. The transitions attributed to the silicon backbone correlate well with predictions by an independent band-structure calculation using the local-density approximation.
Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections (2006)

Viruses are the major cause of pediatric acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and yet many suspected cases of infection remain uncharacterized. We employed 17 PCR assays and retrospectively screened 315 specimens selected by season from a predominantly pediatric hospital-based population. Before the Brisbane respiratory virus research study commenced, one or more predominantly viral pathogens had been detected in 15.2% (n = 48) of all specimens. The Brisbane study made an additional 206 viral detections, resulting in the identification of a microbe in 67.0% of specimens. After our study, the majority of microbes detected were RNA viruses (89.9%). Overall, human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were the most frequently identified target (n = 140) followed by human adenoviruses (HAdVs; n = 25), human metapneumovirus (HMPV; n = 18), human bocavirus (HBoV; n = 15), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV; n = 12), human coronaviruses (HCoVs; n = 11), and human herpesvirus-6 (n = 11). HRVs were the sole microbe detected in 37.8% (n = 31) of patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Genotyping of the HRV VP4/VP2 region resulted in a proposed subdivision of HRV type A into sublineages A1 and A2. Most of the genotyped HAdV strains were found to be type C. This study describes the high microbial burden imposed by HRVs, HMPV, HRSV, HCoVs, and the newly identified virus, HBoV on a predominantly paediatric hospital population with suspected acute respiratory tract infections and proposes a new formulation of viral targets for future diagnostic research studies.
Relationship between reflectance spectra of host plant surfaces and visual detection of host fruit by <i>Rhagoletis pomonella</i> flies (1986)

ABSTRACT. Within host trees, male and female Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) flies locate visually individual fruit of apple and hawthorn, which are sites of mating and oviposition. By measuring the diffuse reflectance spectra of both fruit and foliage and by using artificially pigmented natural fruit and artificial fruit mimics, we show that fruit hue is not as important in R. pomonella fruit detection as is intensity contrast of dark fruit against a bright background of light transmitted through foliage or skylight. In discussing the fruit detection system of R. pomonella , we compare it to that of vertebrate fruit consumers and seed dispersers.
Arbitrary shaping of non-diffracting beams for filamentation and ultrafast laser materials processing (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Shaping complex light fields such as nondiffracting beams, provide important novel routes to control laser materials processing. Nondiffracting beams are produced from an interference between waves with an angle kept constant along the propagation direction. These beams are of outmost importance for laser materials processing because they offer invariant light-matter interaction conditions. We have used and developed several families of beams generated with phase and amplitude shaping and we will review their impact for laser surface processing and high aspect ratio laser processing in the bulk of transparent materials. Bessel beams and higher order Bessel beams allow for high aspect ratio channel drilling, elongated void creation in the bulk of transparent media, or tubular damage creation. We will also discuss the impact of accelerating beam shaping, ie beams with a curved main intensity lobe, to dice materials with a curved edge. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 682032-PULSAR).
Effect of beraprost sodium on peripheral circulatory disturbances induced by various stimuli. (1989)

Effects of beraprost sodium (sodium(+/-)-(1R*,2R*,3aS*,8bS*)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-2-hydr oxy-1- [(E)-(3S*)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-octen-6-ynyl]-1H-cyclopenta[b] benzofuran- 5-butyrate, TRK-100), a stable prostacyclin analogue, on the peripheral circulatory disturbances induced by various vasoconstrictive stimuli were studied. Orally administered beraprost sodium (10, 30 micrograms/kg) caused increase in skin blood flow in anesthetized rats and rise in skin temperature in conscious rats. Intravenously administered beraprost sodium (0.01-0.3 microgram/kg) reduced the recovery time of decreased pulse pressure by topical cooling of the leg in anesthetized rats. In conscious rabbits, intravenous infusion of beraprost sodium (10 micrograms/kg/min) inhibited the fluctuation of ear artery diameter, and dilated the ear artery and vein, resulting in a rise in the ear temperature. In anesthetized dogs, intravenously administered beraprost sodium (0.313-5 micrograms/kg) caused decrease in femoral blood flow and muscle blood flow in the hindlimb, however, it caused increase in skin blood flow at the hind leg instep. Furthermore, intra-arterially administered beraprost sodium (0.1-0.3 microgram/kg/min) under stimulation of lumbar sympathetic nerve caused increase in femoral artery blood flow and selective increase in the skin blood flow without affecting muscle blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reverse engineering of mechanical parts: A template-based approach (2017)

Abstract Template-Based reverse engineering approaches represent a relatively poorly explored strategy in the field of CAD reconstruction from polygonal models. Inspired by recent works suggesting the possibility/opportunity of exploiting a parametric description (i.e. CAD template) of the object to be reconstructed in order to retrieve a meaningful digital representation, a novel reverse engineering approach for the reconstruction of CAD models starting from 3D mesh data is proposed. The reconstruction process is performed relying on a CAD template, whose feature tree and geometric constraints are defined according to the a priori information on the physical object. The CAD template is fitted upon the mesh data, optimizing its dimensional parameters and positioning/orientation by means of a particle swarm optimization algorithm. As a result, a parametric CAD model that perfectly fulfils the imposed geometric relations is produced and a feature tree, defining an associative modelling history, is available to the reverse engineer. The proposed implementation exploits a cooperation between a CAD software package (Siemens NX) and a numerical software environment (MATLAB). Five reconstruction tests, covering both synthetic and real-scanned mesh data, are presented and discussed in the manuscript; the results are finally compared with models generated by state of the art reverse engineering software and key aspects to be addressed in future work are hinted at. Highlights A novel CAD reconstruction method fitting a CAD template model to mesh data. A feature-based parametric-associative modelling history is retrieved. Fitting process is controlled by a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Accuracy of reconstructed models is comparable/better than state of the art results. Computational costs and required time are at the moment considerable.
Failure (Escape of Fluids) of Wellbore Systems (2014)

Abstract Not Provided