gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Compounds. Dimethylneopentylacetic Acid (2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentanoic Acid), itsethyl Ester, Amide and Acetanilide (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compounds. Dimethylneopentylacetic Acid (2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentanoic Acid), itsethyl Ester, Amide and AcetanilideFrank Whitmore, W Wheeler, and J SurmatisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 11, 3237Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1941Publication History Published online18 November 2002Published inissue 1 November 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01856a601https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01856a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites: Investigating Their Percolative Behavior and Physical Performance (2004)

In this work, an approach to enhance the electroactive response of polymers is pursued. Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) nanoinclusions are dispersed in a piezoelectric polyimide. A qualitative assessment of dispersion is done using optical microscopy and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Key requirements for the resulting nanocomposites are flexibility, and thermal and chemical stability. Electrical and dielectric properties of the SWNT-reinforced polyimide composites are investigated as a function of SWNT concentration. AC and DC conductivities are measured. The experimental dielectric constant was found to obey a percolation-like power law with a relatively low percolation threshold. It is found that addition of the SWNT in the polyimide composites facilitates poling and results in an increase of the piezoelectric properties of the composites. Furthermore, at higher SWNT concentration, a bending strain is observed at relatively low electric fields, indicating the potential of using these composites actuators. Current investigations illustrate the effects of SWNTs on dielectric, piezoelectric and electroactive properties. Further work is ongoing to assess the effect SWNTs on the mechanical and thermal properties of the polyimide matrix.
The Mechanism of the Reaction Catalyzed by Uronate Isomerase Illustrates How an Isomerase May Have Evolved from a Hydrolase within the Amidohydrolase Superfamily (2009)

Uronate isomerase (URI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of D-glucuronate to D-fructuronate and of D-galacturonate to D-tagaturonate. URI is a member of the amidohydrolase superfamily (AHS), a highly divergent group of enzymes that catalyze primarily hydrolytic reactions. The chemical mechanism and active site structure of URI were investigated in an attempt to improve our understanding of how an active site template that apparently evolved to catalyze hydrolytic reactions has been reforged to catalyze an isomerization reaction. The pH-rate profiles for k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) for URI from Escherichia coli are bell-shaped and indicate that one group must be unprotonated and another residue must be protonated for catalytic activity. Primary isotope effects on the kinetic constants with [2-2H]-D-glucuronate and the effects of changes in solvent viscosity are consistent with product release being the rate-limiting step. The X-ray structure of Bh0493, a URI from Bacillus halodurans, was determined in the presence of the substrate D-glucuronate. The bound complex showed that the mononuclear metal center in the active site is ligated to the C-6 carboxylate and the C-5 hydroxyl group of the substrate. This hydroxyl group is also hydrogen bonded to Asp-355 in the same orientation as the hydroxide or water is bound in those members of the AHS that catalyze hydrolytic reactions. In addition, the C-2 and C-3 hydroxyl groups of the substrate are hydrogen bonded to Arg-357 and the carbonyl group at C-1 is hydrogen bonded to Tyr-50. A chemical mechanism is proposed that utilizes a proton transfer from C-2 of D-glucuronate to C-1 that is initiated by the combined actions of Asp-355 from the end of beta-strand 8 and the C-5 hydroxyl of the substrate that is bound to the metal ion. The formation of the proposed cis-enediol intermediate is further facilitated by the shuttling of the proton between the C-2 and C-1 oxygens by the conserved Tyr-50 and/or Arg-355.
Low-index, smooth Al_2O_3 films by aqueous solution process (2016)

We describe low-index porous alumina thin films deposited from aqueous solutions containing flat-Al13 clusters and the nonionic block copolymer Pluronic F127. The films exhibit surface roughness as low as 0.5 nm, a characteristic useful for the fabrication of multilayer optical devices. We have investigated the chemical, optical, and structural properties of the films and their formation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, spectroscopic ellipsometry, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. By varying the Pluronic F127 concentration, film porosities can be tuned to produce refractive indexes between n = 1.26 and 1.54 (λ = 550 nm).
Usefulness of Serial Assessment of Natriuretic Peptides in the Emergency Department for Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2008)

The value of natriuretic peptides, both B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), for determining diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of emergency department (ED) patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has been well documented. Emerging data support the hypothesis that repeated natriuretic peptide determinations in the acute phase of ADHF may assist in confirming the diagnosis, monitoring drug therapy, and evaluating the adequacy of patient stabilization. Data from the authors' group demonstrate that in patients admitted to the ED for acute dyspnea, serial NTproBNP measurement at admission and 4, 12, and 24 hours later was useful in confirming the diagnosis of ADHF compared with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, in the same patients receiving intensive intravenous diuretic therapy, there was a progressive reduction of NTproBNP blood levels from hospitalization to discharge (P<.001), accompanied by clinical improvement and stabilization of heart failure. More recently, the authors also demonstrated that in ADHF patients improving with diuretics, a progressive reduction in BNP levels was observed, starting 24 hours after ED admission and continuing until discharge. Comparing BNP and NTproBNP, there was a significant correlation between NTproBNP and BNP levels but not between NTproBNP's and BNP's percent variation compared with baseline. In ADHF, serial ED measurements of BNP are useful for monitoring the effects of treatment. A reduction in BNP from admission to discharge is indicative of clinical improvement.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Catalytic and Stereoselective Glycosylation with Thioglycosides Promoted by Trityl Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate and Sodium Periodate. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Empirical regional source-receptor relationships for acid rain and precursors in New England determined by elemental tracers (1987)

Because national controls on SO{sub 2} to curb acid rain could cost as much as $10 billion per year for 10 years, it is extremely important to know how to best place the controls, i.e., to understand the source-receptor relationship for acid deposition in eastern North America. Unfortunately, results from transport models are still very uncertain, due to the widespread nature of sulfur sources, the complexities of atmospheric reactions of sulfur, lack of solid data on dry deposition, and the difficulty of dealing with long-range transport. As recently as 1983, for example, the Committee on Atmospheric Transport and Chemical Transformation in Acid Precipitation of the National Research Council concluded that the relative importance for deposition at specific sites of long-range transport from distant sources as compared with more direct influences of local sources cannot be determined reliably from currently available models.'' This is clearly an undesirable situation, because it leads to broad control strategies by default. Controls which cost tens of billions of dollars must be based on positive scientific evidence. More-direct empirical data on regional-scale source receptor relationships for acid rain and precursors in North America are needed to fill this void. The authors believe that the new regionalmore » elemental tracer system for aerosol and precipitation being developed and tested in their laboratory can help. This paper summarizes the technique and its results to date.« less
Biochemical and Isolation Studies on a Growth Stimulatory Factor (SSF) for Staphylococcus Albus Present in Bovine Plasma (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiochemical and Isolation Studies on a Growth Stimulatory Factor (SSF) for Staphylococcus Albus Present in Bovine PlasmaNathan H. Sloane and Ralph W. McKeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 4, 987–990Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01124a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01124a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Upregulation of Oct-4 isoforms in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (2010)

Oct-4 is a transcription factor considered to be one of the defining pluripotency markers in embryonic stem cells. Its expression has also been demonstrated in adult stem cells, tumorigenic cells, and, most recently and controversially, in somatic cells. Oct-4 pseudogenes also contribute to carcinogenesis. Oct-4 may be involved in the excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), contributing to the pathogenesis of IPAH. In this study, we show that Oct-4 isoforms are upregulated in IPAH-PASMC. Human embryonic stem cells (H9 line) and human PASMC from normotensive subjects were used throughout the investigation as positive and negative controls. In addition to significant upregulation of Oct-4 in a population of IPAH-PASMC, HIF-2alpha, a hypoxia-inducible transcription factor that has been shown to bind to the Oct-4 promoter and induces its expression and transcriptional activity, was also increased. Interestingly, a substantial upregulation of Oct-4 isoforms and HIF-2alpha was also observed in normal PASMC exposed to chronic hypoxia. In conclusion, the data suggest that both Oct-4 isoforms are upregulated and potentially have a significant role in the development of vascular abnormalities associated with the pathogenesis of IPAH and in pulmonary hypertension triggered by chronic hypoxia.
Phase I clinical pharmacokinetics of RTA 744: A blood brain barrier penetrating anthracycline active against high-grade glioma (2007)

2045 Background: Preclinical studies demonstrated that RTA 744, a 4’-O benzyl anthracycline designed to circumvent P-gp and MRP1-mediated efflux, effectively crosses the BBB, is retained in brain & brain tumor tissue for >24 hrs, and has demonstrated in vivo activity against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in an orthotopic model. Methods: We designed a multicenter, phase I dose- escalation study of RTA 744 administered as a short intravenous infusion for 3 consecutive days, every 3 weeks. Patients enrolled in the study were adult patients with recurrent or refractory GBM, anaplastic astrocytoma, or other primary brain tumors. Peripheral blood samples for PK analysis were collected prior to and at selected timepoints from 5 min to 96 hrs after drug administration, and quantified by LC/MS/MS. PK parameters describing RTA 744 disposition were determined by fitting compartmental models to individual patient plasma concentration-time data. Results: Twenty patients have been enrolled at daily doses ranging from 1.2 to 9.6 mg/m 2 . Mean (range) population terminal half-life was 34.6 (20.5–89.2) hrs, plasma drug clearance was 45.0 (27.4–86.9) L/hr/m 2 , and V ss was 1942 (684.9–4721.7) L/m 2 ; population PK values reported for doxorubicin are 20–32 hrs, 24–35 L/hr/m 2 , and 700–1100 L/m 2 , respectively. Regimen related toxicity has been minimal with the most common adverse event being myelosuppression. Percentage of unchanged parent drug renally eliminated was 2.4% (0.42–6.03%). Several partial responses and one complete response have been noted, even at dose levels below the observed MTD of 7.5 mg/m 2 /day. Conclusions: These results are similar to what we have observed in our preclinical studies, demonstrating increased lipophillicity and enhanced biodistribution of RTA 744 when compared to doxorubicin. Direct confirmation of drug penetration into the CNS has not been determined in this study, however this is the focus of an ongoing trial in patients with leptomenigeal malignancies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ASIC‐like, proton‐activated currents in rat hippocampal neurons (2002)

The expression of mRNA for acid sensing ion channels (ASIC) subunits ASIC1a, ASIC2a and ASIC2b has been reported in hippocampal neurons, but the presence of functional hippocampal ASIC channels was never assessed. We report here the first characterization of ASIC-like currents in rat hippocampal neurons in primary culture. An extracellular pH drop induces a transient Na(+) current followed by a sustained non-selective cation current. This current is highly sensitive to pH with an activation threshold around pH 6.9 and a pH(0.5) of 6.2. About half of the total peak current is inhibited by the spider toxin PcTX1, which is specific for homomeric ASIC1a channels. The remaining PcTX1-resistant ASIC-like current is increased by 300 microM Zn(2+) and, whereas not fully activated at pH 5, it shows a pH(0.5) of 6.0 between pH 7.4 and 5. We have previously shown that Zn(2+) is a co-activator of ASIC2a-containing channels. Thus, the hippocampal transient ASIC-like current appears to be generated by a mixture of homomeric ASIC1a channels and ASIC2a-containing channels, probably heteromeric ASIC1a+2a channels. The sustained non-selective current suggests the involvement of ASIC2b-containing heteromeric channels. Activation of the hippocampal ASIC-like current by a pH drop to 6.9 or 6.6 induces a transient depolarization which itself triggers an initial action potential (AP) followed by a sustained depolarization and trains of APs. Zn(2+) increases the acid sensitivity of ASIC channels, and consequently neuronal excitability. It is probably an important co-activator of ASIC channels in the central nervous system.
Cloud Chamber Investigation of Anomalous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Particles (1957)

Eighteen anomalous ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}$, (${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$), decay events observed in the California Institute of Technology magnet cloud chambers have been analyzed. Many of these decays are dynamically inconsistent with the ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ scheme, but most are consistent with the decay processes: ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}, {\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}+\ensuremath{\nu}, \mathrm{and} {\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+{e}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}+\ensuremath{\nu}$. However, at least one event is inconsistent with each decay scheme. From the locations of the decays in the cloud chamber, the lifetime is found to be significantly longer than that of the normal ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}$ particle, called here the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$ particle. Other differences in the behavior of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ and ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$ particles were also observed in the (a) momentum distributions, (b) origin locations, (c) relative numbers of ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ and ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$ particles traveling upward, and (d) the types of $V$ particles produced in association with the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ and ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$. It is concluded that not all the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ decays can result from alternate decay modes of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$. Moreover, many decays can be neither ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{0}$ decays nor alternate decays of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$.The characteristics of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{2}$ particle proposed by Gell-Mann and Pais are consistent with those of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ particle, with the possible exception of the observed types of associations. An estimate was made of the relative number of ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ to ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}$ particles observed to decay in the cloud chamber. If all ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{\mathrm{anom}}$ decays are assumed to arise from decays of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{2}$ particle, then a lower limit for the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}}_{2}$ lifetime is found to be about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec.
Shotgun metaproteomic profiling of biomimetic anaerobic digestion processes treating sewage sludge (2015)

Two parallel anaerobic digestion lines were designed to match a "bovid-like" digestive structure. Each of the lines consisted of two continuous stirred tank reactors placed in series and separated by an acidic treatment step. The first line was inoculated with industrial inocula whereas the second was seeded with cow digestive tract contents. After 3 months of continuous sewage sludge feeding, samples were recovered for shotgun metaproteomic and DNA-based analysis. Strikingly, protein-inferred and 16S ribosomal DNA tags based taxonomic community profiles were not consistent. PCA however revealed a similar clustering pattern of the samples, suggesting that reproducible methodological and/or biological factors underlie this observation. The performances of the two digestion lines did not differ significantly and the cow-derived inocula did not establish in the reactors. A low throughput metagenomic dataset (3.4 × 10(6) reads, 1.1 Gb) was also generated for one of the samples. It allowed a substantial increase of the analysis depth (11 vs. 4% of spectral identification rate for the combined samples). Surprisingly, a high proportion of proteins from members of the "Candidatus Competibacter" group, a key microbial player usually found in activated sludge plants, was retrieved in our anaerobic digester samples. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002420 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002420).
The assessment of disease aggressivity in stage D2 prostate cancer patients (review). (1990)

Suppression of androgen levels in blood of stage D2 prostate cancer patients has been the prominent treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, the duration of hormone sensitivity of prostate tumor is variable. The type of initial response to hormonal treatment, the length of response and patient's survival are in direct association with disease aggressiveness. Recently, an arithmetic formula expressing disease aggressivity was computed using pretreatment values of prostatic acid phosphatase (P.A.P.), alkaline phosphatase (A.P.), degree of tumor differentiation and number of bone metastases. This aggressiveness score was related to disease response and patients outcome receiving hormonal treatments. The use of an arithmetic formula to express disease aggressivity could result in a subdivision of the disease. The identification of the subgroup of stage D2 patients destined not to benefit from hormonal manipulation could change the strategies employed up until today for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Design, testing, and calibration of an integrated Mach-Zehnder-based optical read-out architecture for MEMS characterization (2004)

While testing electrical properties in microsystems is a well-developed art, the testing of mechanical properties of MEMS devices is not. There is a great need for techniques that will allow the evaluation of MEMS devices, in all stages of manufacturing, with respect to material and micromechanical properties. In this contribution we propose a new approach, based on the integrated optical read-out using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), monolithically integrated with the piezoelectric (PZT) actuated membrane.
<i>n</i>-Butyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxodisulfate (Bu<sup><i>n</i></sup>PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>: An Efficient and Inexpensive Reagent for the Cleavage of Carbon–Nitrogen Double Bonds under Non-aqueous and Aprotic Conditions (1999)

An efficient and convenient conversion of oximes, phenylhydrazones, p-nitrophenylhydrazones and semicarbazones to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with n-butyltriphenylphosphonium peroxodisulfate is reported.