gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Gas Spouted Beds Using the Rescaled Range Analysis (2004)

Abstract Differential pressure fluctuation measurements were conducted in a gas spouted bed of 120 mm in diameter at different axial and radial positions. Hurst's rescaled range analysis of the differential pressure fluctuation signals was successfully employed to recognize different flow regimes, i.e. packed bed, stable spouting and unstable spouting, and characterize their transitions. Obvious two‐phase behaviour, as suggested by two Hurst exponents, was observed in the stable spouting regime. It had also been found that the spouting behaviour in deeper spouted beds was significantly different from that in shallow spouted beds. The influences of measurement location and bed height on the Hurst exponents were discussed.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE CIRCULAR DICHROISM MEASUREMENTS ON FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROMETERS (1983)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville
Epigenetic Characterization of the FMR1 Promoter in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Fibroblasts Carrying an Unmethylated Full Mutation (2014)

Silencing of the FMR1 gene leads to fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability. To study the epigenetic modifications of the FMR1 gene during silencing in time, we used fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of an unmethylated full mutation (uFM) individual with normal intelligence. The uFM fibroblast line carried an unmethylated FMR1 promoter region and expressed normal to slightly increased FMR1 mRNA levels. The FMR1 expression in the uFM line corresponds with the increased H3 acetylation and H3K4 methylation in combination with a reduced H3K9 methylation. After reprogramming, the FMR1 promoter region was methylated in all uFM iPSC clones. Two clones were analyzed further and showed a lack of FMR1 expression, whereas the presence of specific histone modifications also indicated a repressed FMR1 promoter. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the standard reprogramming procedure leads to epigenetic silencing of the fully mutated FMR1 gene.
Observation of Thermopower Oscillations in the Coulomb Blockade Regime in a Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube (2003)

We have measured the thermoelectric power (TEP) and Coulomb charging characteristics of an individual p-type semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) in the quantum dot regime. The TEP measured as a function of gate voltage oscillates around a baseline value that is first positive and becomes more negative as the SWNT is depleted. When the device behaves as a single quantum dot, the TEP oscillation period and amplitude agree with theory. We ascribe the positive baseline level to p-type Schottky barriers at the SWNT−metal contacts, and the negative baseline to n-type barrier regions that cause multidot behavior as carriers are removed from the system. Near depletion, large TEP oscillations are observed even though Coulomb oscillations of the conductance are immeasurably small.
Design and analysis of power system architectures for small spacecraft (1999)

This paper presents an evaluation approach of power system architectures for small spacecraft. Five power system architectures for small spacecraft application are used for purposes of testing the proposed approach. The performance analysis of five spacecraft architectures is conducted based on energy requirements, mass, and reliability. The most economical architecture should have lower mass, energy and higher reliability. In arriving at the most economical architecture, the approach of normalization is used to convert energy, mass and unreliability into the values between 0 and 1, respectively. The architectures are ranked according to the sum of these values with some specified weights.
Porous Materials: Metalized Porous Interference Lithographic Microstructures via Biofunctionalization (Adv. Mater. 12/2010) (2010)

The cover shows an SEM image of a periodic porous SU8 microframe decorated with gold nanoparticles. On p. 1369, Vladimir Tsukruk and co-workers demonstrate a biomediated approach for the metallization of periodic, porous polymer microstructures fabricated using interference lithography. The direct growth of metal nanoparticles does not damage or modify the original structure, making the approach demonstrated here highly suitable for designing reinforced binary microcomposites with predetermined symmetry.
Fibre length effect on fibre suspension flocculation and sheet formation (2006)

Fibre suspension flocculation was studied in a flow loop system, simulating the flow conditions in a modern paper machine headbox. The fibre suspensions after the headbox were accelerated by a secondary contraction, mimicking flow accelerations that may take place during forming. Fibre suspensions were studied using an optical detection method. Images were taken by a high speed video camera with transmitted infrared laser light pulse illumination separately before and after the secondary contraction. The mean fibre floc size was evaluated by power spectrum analysis in MID and CID respectively. A series of twelve pulp samples, four different commercial bleached softwood kraft pulps refined to three different levels, were used in the experiments. The fibre physical properties and formation number for paper sheets produced on a pilot paper machine with these pulp samples were characterised. Refining shortened the fibre length, thus decreased the fibre floc size in flowing suspensions and improved the formation in paper sheets. A series of mixtures at different ratios of bleached softwood and hardwood kraft pulps were also used in the experiments. The fibre physical properties of the mixtures were also characterised. The fibre length increases when increasing the ratio of softwood pulp in the mixture, thus fibre floc size in the suspension increases.
Commemorating Two Centuries of Iodine Research: An Interdisciplinary Overview of Current Research (2011)

Iodine was discovered as a novel element in 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. To celebrate the bicentennial anniversary of this event we reflect on the history and highlight the many facets of iodine research that have evolved since its discovery. Iodine has an impact on many aspects of life on Earth as well as on human civilization. It is accumulated in high concentrations by marine algae, which are the origin of strong iodine fluxes into the coastal atmosphere which influence climatic processes, and dissolved iodine is considered a biophilic element in marine sediments. Iodine is central to thyroid function in vertebrates, with paramount implications for human health. Iodine can exist in a wide range of oxidation states and it features a diverse supramolecular chemistry. Iodine is amenable to several analytical techniques, and iodine compounds have found widespread use in organic synthesis. Elemental iodine is produced on an industrial scale and has found a wide range of applications in innovative materials, including semiconductors--in particular, in solar cells.
Combining Left and Right Unlinking for Matching a Large Number of Learned Rules (1994)

In systems which learn a large number of rules (productions), it is important to match the rules efficiently, in order to avoid the machine learning utility problem. So we need match algorithms that scale well with the number of productions in the system. (Doorenbos 1993) introduced right unlinking as a way to improve the scalability of the Rete match algorithm. This paper introduces a symmetric optimization, left unlinking, and demonstrates that it makes Rete scale well on an even larger class of systems. Unfortunately, when left and right unlinking are combined in the same system, they can interfere with each other. We give a particular way to combine them which we prove minimizes this interference, and analyze the worst-case remaining interference. Finally, we present empirical results showing that the interference is very small in practice, and that the combination of left and right unlinking allows five of our seven testbed systems to learn over 100,000 rules without incurring a significant increase in match cost.
Infrared cross-section measurements for crystals doped with Er/sup 3+/, Tm/sup 3+/, and Ho/sup 3+/ (1992)

The absorption and emission cross sections of the transition between the ground spin-orbit multiplet and the lowest excited multiplet were measured for Er/sup 3+/, Tm/sup 3+/, and Ho/sup 3+/ ions in a variety of crystalline hosts. The materials that were investigated include LiYF/sub 4/, BaY/sub 2/F/sub 8/, Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/, LaF/sub 3/, KCaF/sub 3/, YAlO/sub 3/, and La/sub 2/Be/sub 2/O/sub 5/. The absolute magnitudes of the emission cross sections were determined from the absorption spectra, with the aid of the principle of reciprocity. The calculated radiative emission lifetimes derived from these measured cross sections agree well with the measured emission decay times for most materials. The potential use of these rare-earth-doped materials in pulsed laser applications requires that the ground state exhibit adequate splitting to minimize the detrimental effects of the ground state thermal population, and also that the emission cross section be sufficiently large to permit efficient extraction energy. The systems based on Ho/sup 3+/ in the eightfold coordinated sites of LiYF/sub 4/, BaY/sub 2/F/sub 8/, and Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ appear to be the most promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brom-Additionsprodukte von N,N-Dialkylanilinen - Darstellung und Reaktionen (Aminobenzole ; 17) (1983)

In inerten Lösungsmitteln bilden 4-Brom-N,N-dialkylaniline 1 mit Brom schwerlösliche, isolierbare 1:1-Additionsverbindungen 2 bzw. 3. Durch vergleichende IR- und UV-spektroskopische Untersuchungen werden die Addukte 2 strukturell als CT-Komplexe (π-Komplexe), die Addukte 3 als N-Bromanilinium-bromide gesichert. Die Addukte 2 reagieren in polaren Lösungsmitteln (Dimethylformamid, Essigsäure, Methanol) zu Substitutions- 6 und Entalkylierungsprodukten 7, in Aceton entsteht aus 2a als Hauptprodukt N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylbenzidin (9). Radikalkationen 10 werden für Folgereaktionen als entscheidende Zwischenstufen postuliert. Die Abspaltungstendenz der Alkylgruppen nimmt in der Reihenfolge Isopropyl > Ethyl > Methyl ab. Die N-Bromverbindungen 3 ergeben unter gleichen Bedingungen überwiegend Ausgangsaniline 1 und nur einen geringen Anteil an Substitutionsprodukten 6; Entalkylierung und Benzidinbildung werden nicht beobachtet.
Near-surface shear-wave birefringence in the North Sea: Ekofisk 2D/4C test (2003)

Several recent studies have demonstrated the ability to measure the effects of shear-wave (S-wave) birefringence using mode-converted (PS) waves. Standard PS-wave processing relies on the assumption that the subsurface is horizontally isotropic. The two horizontal components are typically rotated (about the vertical axis) to a direction that is oriented radial and transverse to the source receiver geometry. In the presence of azimuthal anisotropy in the subsurface geology, the upcoming S-wave will split into two—one polarized in the fast direction (S1) and the other in the slow direction (S2). If S-wave birefringence is ignored, then the radial component will be comprised of a mixture of both fast and slow shear-wave energy. This mixing will result in a degradation of resolution and S/N ratio by destructive interference between the fast and slow S-wave arrivals.
Fuzzy structural algorithms to identify and characterize apnea and hypopnea episodes (2008)

We present a new automated method to identify apneas and hypopneas and to relate them to the drops in blood oxyhemoglobin saturation that they produce. The algorithm takes advantage of the fuzzy set theory for the representation and manipulation of the vagueness of the medical knowledge on which it is based. Its structural nature allows us to easily modify the morphological detection criteria, and to perform a detailed characterization of the identified events. Based on this proposal, a tool for screening polysomnographic records has been developed. The tool allows the physician to modify the morphological criteria that define apneas, hypopneas, and desaturations as well as to inspect the descriptors that make up their characterization. Using this tool we have analyzed five polysomnographic recordings obtaining an overall correct detection rate of 95%. The false negative rate was 6.6% and the false positive rate was 4.3%.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis in Ionic Liquids (2012)

Abstract Review: 193 refs.
The Therapeutic Target Hsp90 and Cancer Hallmarks (2012)

Hsp90 is a major molecular chaperone that is expressed abundantly and plays a pivotal role in assisting correct folding and functionality of its client proteins in cells. The Hsp90 client proteins include a wide variety of signal transducing molecules such as protein kinases and steroid hormone receptors. Cancer is a complex disease, but most types of human cancer share common hallmarks, including self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory mechanism, evasion of programmed cell death, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. A surprisingly large number of Hsp90-client proteins play crucial roles in establishing cancer cell hallmarks. We start the review by describing the structure and function of Hsp90 since conformational changes during the ATPase cycle of Hsp90 are closely related to its function. Many co-chaperones, including Hop, p23, Cdc37, Aha1, and PP5, work together with Hsp90 by modulating the chaperone machinery. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 and its cochaperones are vital for their function. Many tumor-related Hsp90-client proteins, including signaling kinases, steroid hormone receptors, p53, and telomerase, are described. Hsp90 and its co-chaperones are required for the function of these tumor-promoting client proteins; therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 by specific inhibitors such as geldanamycin and its derivatives attenuates the tumor progression. Hsp90 inhibitors can be potential and effective cancer chemotherapeutic drugs with a unique profile and have been examined in clinical trials. We describe possible mechanisms why Hsp90 inhibitors show selectivity to cancer cells even though Hsp90 is essential also for normal cells. Finally, we discuss the “Hsp90-addiction” of cancer cells, and suggest a role for Hsp90 in tumor evolution. Keywords: Hsp90, co-chaperone, cancer, geldanamycin, Cdc37, protein kinase, CK2, growth signals, angiogenesis, telomerase.
Preparation and characterization of complex metal hydrides of copper, LimCunHm+n (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of complex metal hydrides of copper, LimCunHm+nE. C. Ashby and A. B. GoelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 12, 3043–3047Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50178a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50178a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Expressing Class II Antigens in the Normal Rat Incisor Pulp (1988)

This study has identified and characterized class II (Ia) antigen-expressing cells in the normal rat incisor pulp by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Two types of Ia-expressing cells occurred: one with a pronounced dendritic appearance located primarily in the periphery of the pulp, and one with morphological characteristics similar to those of macrophages. The latter cells were mainly observed in the central portion of the pulp. A numerical ratio of 1:4 was established between the two cell types. The existence of Ia-expressing cells suggests an inherent capacity of the pulp to process and present foreign antigens.
Frequency-dependent mode size in broadband Kerr-lens mode locking (1996)

Examination of the output beam size from a 10-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser reveals a strong spectral dependence. These results provide insight into the details of the mode-locking mechanisms and suggest reasons for the current limitations on the shortest achievable pulses.
Development of Catalytic Gasification Process for Coal Char (1982)

石炭チャーの低温ガス化プロセスの開発を目的として, スチームおよび二酸化炭素によるガス化の速度と出口ガス組成に対して, 含浸添加させたアルカリ土類金属 (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) およびBa, Feの2成分の化合物が及ぼす触媒効果を, 多孔質純炭素と比較・検討した.実験は常圧下, 600～900℃で熱天秤を用いて行った.その結果, 次のような結論・知見を得た.1) ガス化率 (f) 対ガス化時間 (θ) の速度曲線データに精度よく適合しうるa, bを定数とする式, f=1-exp (-aθb) を提出した.すなわち, b>1でシグモイド型曲線, また1≧b>0で通常の非シグモイド型曲線を示す.2) 純炭素の水性ガス化反応に対する触媒効果は, f=0.5における速度定数で評価でき, Ba (17) >Sr (10) >Ca (1.6) 〓Mg (1.2) 〓無添加の純炭素 (1.0) の序列であった.また, 水性ガス化の活性化エネルギーは, 純炭素の場合51kcal/molであるのに対し, Baの添加により37kcal/molに低下した.3) 純炭素の水性ガス化による検討によれば, Ba化合物の作用は, ガス化と, 生成一酸化炭素の転化反応を触媒として促進させるもので, いずれもBa (OH) 2とBaCO3間の反応サイクルに基づくものである.したがって, Baの添加は水素に富む合成ガスの製造に有効である.4) 3種の石炭チャーにBaを添加した場合も, 水性ガス化速度は, 900℃で2～7倍の増大が認められ, 生成ガス量はH2>CO2>COの序列であった.BaとFeの2成分を添加した場合には, 純炭素でもチャーでも, Baの触媒効果が優勢であった.5) BaやFeを添加した純炭素は, 硫化水素による硫化処理後も, かなりの触媒効果を示し, Baの添加によってガス化と脱硫の複合機能効果を期待できる.
Prediction Methodology for Proton Single Event Burnout: Application to a STRIPFET Device (2015)

This paper presents a single event burnout (SEB) sensitivity characterization for power MOSFETs, independent from tests, through a prediction model issued from TCAD analysis and the knowledge of device topology. The methodology is applied to a STRIPFET device and compared to proton data obtained at PSI, showing a good agreement in the order of magnitude of proton SEB cross section, and thus validating the prediction model as an alternative device characterization with respect to SEB.
Laboratory demonstration of accurate and efficient nanometer-level wavefront control for extreme adaptive optics (2008)

A 32 x 32 microelectricalmechanical systems mirror is controlled in a closed-loop adaptive optics test bed with a spatially filtered wavefront sensor (WFS), Fourier transform wavefront reconstruction, and calibration of references with a high-precision interferometer. When correcting the inherent aberration of the mirror, 0.7 nm rms phase error in the controllable band is achieved. When correcting an etched phase plate with atmospheric statistics, a dark hole 10(3) deeper than the uncontrollable phase is produced in the phase power spectral density. Compensation of the mirror's influence function is done with a Fourier filter, which results in improved loop convergence. Use of the spatial filter is shown to reduce the gain variability of the WFS in a quadcell configuration.
Study of Breakdown Effects in (1999)

The purpose of this work is to study layout solutions aimed at increasing the breakdown voltage in silicon micro-strip detectors. Several structures with multiple floating guards in differ- ent configurations have been designed and produced on high- resistivity silicon wafers. The main electrical characteristics of these devices have been measured before and after irradiation. Both radiation-induced surface and bulk damage effects were considered as well. The highest breakdown voltage was found on devices featuring p guards without field plates. A simulation study has been carried out on simplified structures to evaluate the distribution of the breakdown field as a function of the guard layout. The aim was the design optimization.
Insertion of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate into α,ω-dodecatrienediylnickel (1975)

The reaction of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with α,ω-dodecatrienediylnickel at 0 °C yields approximately equal amounts of twelve- and fourteen-membered ring products, whereas, at –78 °C, 80% of the product has the larger ring; subsequent reactions yielded a series of musk compounds with differing odours.
Optimizing Visual Vocabularies Using Soft Assignment Entropies (2011)

Abstract. The state of the art for large database object retrieval in images is based on quantizing descriptors of interest points into visual words. High similarity between matching image representations (as bags of words) is based upon the assumption that matched points in the two images end up in similar words in hard assignment or in similar representations in soft assignment techniques. In this paper we study how ground truth correspondences can be used to generate better visual vocabularies. Matching of image patches can be done e.g. using deformable models or from estimating 3D geometry. For optimization of the vocabulary, we propose minimizing the entropies of soft assignment of points. We base our clustering on hierarchical k-splits. The results from our entropy based clustering are compared with hierarchical k-means. The vocabularies have been tested on real data with decreased entropy and increased true positive rate, as well as better retrieval performance. 1
Design of the Power Management System for Electrical Power Systems in More Electric Engine / Aircraft (2018)

This paper addresses the concept of designing and implementing the power management system (PMS) for electrical power system (EPS) of more electric engine/aircraft (MEE/MEA). An optimization model for the PMS in MEE/MEA is formulated. Various PMS solutions are required to meet different performance expectations. In order to have least possible electrical network losses, two types of PMS solutions are proposed, i.e., to optimize the generator efficiency and to optimize the EPS level efficiency, as single objective optimization problem (SOOP) and multiple objective optimization problem (MOOP), respectively. The SOOP is solved as a mixed integer programming problem while the MOOP is solved with a modified non-dominated genetic algorithm. The proposed PMS algorithm is implemented in the MEE/MEA simulation model and results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Photoluminescence of CuInS2 thin films and solar cells modified by postdeposition treatments (1997)

The photoluminescence of CuInS2 thin films and solar cells is investigated as a function of postdeposition treatments for different temperatures and excitation intensities. Annealing in hydrogen atmosphere causes an increase of PL intensity at 1.445 eV by more than a factor of 100, while subsequent annealing in oxygen or air ambient passivates this transition, which is ascribed to a donor-acceptor pair recombination between a sulphur vacancy and a copper vacancy. A defect mechanism is suggested that assumes the passivation of sulphur vacancies by oxygen in grain surfaces which can be activated by hydrogen annealing.