gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ELECTROTHERMAL MICROCANTLEVER WITH INTEGRATED SOLID STATE HEATER-THERMOMETER AND NPN BACK-TO-BACK DIODES (2010)

This paper reports the integration of both electrical and thermal elements into an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever, where the electrode and heater-thermometer are electrically isolated by an NPN back-to-back diode. The electrothermal (ET) cantilever can be self-heated to more than 400C while the tip voltage can be measured or controlled independent of tip temperature, up to 10 volts. To our knowledge, this is the first microcantilever to have a solid-state junction and heater integrated near a tip.
Application de la méthode ALCESTE à de "gros" corpus et stabilité des "mondes lexicaux" : analyse du "CableGate" avec IRaMuTeQ (2012)

International audience
TH‐E‐ValA‐06: 4D DMLC IMRT Delivery to Targets Moving in Two Dimensions (in BEV) (2006)

Purpose: To deliver proper IMRT to moving tumors using DMLC necessitate proper leaf sequencing technique to take care of the dynamic nature of the target. A complete compensation of motion can be achieved only if the compensation is in both the directions (direction along ( x ) and perpendicular ( y ) to the leaves motion). A technique to accomplish this is proposed. Method: The motion of the target is divided into two components. Then leaf trajectories to deliver the desired intensity modulated profile is calculated for all leaf pairs (LP) assuming the target is moving in one direction (x direction). Then leaf trajectories of all the leaf pairs are synchronized. Now the motion is compensated in x direction. As the MLC leaf can move only in one direction, the motion compensation in y direction is accomplished by switching the leaf trajectories of each pair appropriately i.e. say if the target is moving upwards in y direction, after a threshold value (value before which motion in y direction is neglected) the leaf trajectory of LPs are switched upwards meaning the leaf trajectory of LP1 is now followed by LP2 and trajectory of LP2 by LP3 and so on. The switching is in the other direction if the target is moving downward. Small dosimetric errors may occur while switching depending upon the time it takes to do the switch and also the threshold value after which switching happens. Results: An example of 4D‐IMRT delivery to an irregular shaped rigid target moving in an elliptical pattern is shown. Other related delivery issues are addressed (dealing with target motion exceeding maximum leaf speed). Conclusions: This method of compensating the two dimensional tumor motion in BEV with one dimensional moving MLC while delivering IMRT meeting all mechanical practical and constraints is possible and promising for 4D‐IGIMRT.
Effect of changing lung mass on lung water and permeability-surface area in sheep (1982)

The effects of changing cardiac output and lung mass on pulmonary capillary surface area, lung water, and hemodynamics were studied in eight sheep. 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I-albumin, 3H2O, and [14C]urea were injected into the right atrium, and timed samples were collected from the aorta for the calculation of cardiac output (CO), extravascular lung water (EVLW), and permeability-surface area product (PS) for [14C]urea. CO was varied by opening and closing arteriovenous shunts, and lung mass was decreased by first tying off the left lung followed by tying off the right lower lobe. Pulmonary arterial pressure (r = -0.741) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = -0.700) increased as lung mass was decreased. CO decreased slightly (r = -0.470 while left atrial pressure was not changed (r = -0.144) by decreasing lung mass. There was a close correlation between EVLW and lung mass (r = 0.944) and between [14C]urea PS and lung mass (r = 0.672). We were able to demonstrate that [14C]urea behaves as a diffusion-limited tracer in a single pass through the lungs, since [14C]urea extraction decreased as flow per unit mass increased. These results support the clinical use of multiple-tracer studies to measure EVLW and [14C]urea PS.
Development and Mixing Characteristics of a Multistage Impeller for Agitating Highly Viscous Fluids. (2001)

A new multistage impeller developed for mixing highly viscous fluids (0.1-10.0 Pa·s) in a stirred tank provides several advantages: excellent axial circulation flow, hardly any stagnant zones, and low power consumption. The impeller is composed of a vertical rotating shaft to which are attached, from top to bottom, a pair of two-bladed gate-impellers and one two-bladed paddle impeller. Four baffles are employed to accelerate the axial circulation flow in the tank. In this paper, the geometrical configuration of the multistage impeller is described, and its mixing characteristics for fluids of high viscousity—i.e. the power consumption, flow pattern, mixing time, circulation time, and mixing efficiency—are clarified. For comparison, the same characteristics were also examined in the stirred tanks using anchor, double-helical ribbon, and single-gate impellers. The results showed the multistage impeller to be superior to the other types in that the time required for complete mixing is relatively short and almost no stagnant zones are created. The relationship between the Reynolds and Nusselt numbers for the multistage impeller, as well as for single-gate and four-pitched paddle impellers, was clarified from the laminar to turbulent regions.
Modification of the Wittig reaction to permit the stereospecific synthesis of certain trisubstituted olefins. Stereospecific synthesis of .alpha.-santalol (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of the Wittig reaction to permit the stereospecific synthesis of certain trisubstituted olefins. Stereospecific synthesis of .alpha.-santalolElias J. Corey and Hisashi YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1, 226–228Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00704a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00704a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2335Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Freehand photoacoustic tomography for 3D angiography using local gradient information (2016)

Photo-acoustic tomography (PAT) is capable of imaging optical absorption in depths beyond the diffusion limit. As blood is one of the main absorbers in tissue, one important application is the visualization of vasculature, which can provide important clues for diagnosing diseases like cancer. While the state-of-the-art work in photo-acoustic 3D angiography has focused on computed tomography systems involving complex setups, we propose an approach based on optically tracking a freehand linear ultrasound probe that can be smoothly integrated into the clinical workflow. To this end, we present a method for calibration of a PAT system using an N-wire phantom specifically designed for PAT and show how to use local gradient information in the 3D reconstructed volume to significantly enhance the signal. According to experiments performed with a tissue mimicking intra-lipid phantom, the signal-to-noise ratio, contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio measured in the full field of view of the linear probe can be improved by factors of 1.7±0.7, 14.6±5.8 and 2.8±1.2 respectively, when comparing the post envelope detection reconstructed 3D volume with the processed one. Qualitative validation performed in tissue mimicking gelatin phantoms further showed good agreement of the reconstructed vasculature with corresponding structures extracted from X-ray computed tomographies. As our method provides high contrast 3D images of the vasculature despite a low hardware complexity its potential for clinical application is high.
Feasibility of a full-scale degrader for antimisting kerosene (1983)

Experiments are described which demonstrate the feasibility of degrading antimisting kerosene (AMK) in a single pass with a system consisting of an axial piston pump from a TF30 engine and a needle valve The per formance of the degraded AMK was evaluated with full scale aircraft filters (JT8D and CF6), a T63 combustor and laboratory scale tests for filtration and mist ignition At room temperature and higher it was found that AMK could be degraded to perform like Jet A in a single pass with modest power expenditure However, at low temperatures the power requirement increases substantially
Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens and their relationship to human activities associated with malaria transmission. (1999)

In Brazil, two types of activities have led to the worsening of malarial transmission in the Amazon region: prospecting/mining and agricultural settlements. In the present study, we analyze the cellular response of 52 of these individuals (14 gold-miners and 38 farmers) living within the same endemic area. Two Plasmodium falciparum major surface antigens (recombinant proteins) were used for cellular proliferative assays: circumsporozoite protein and merozoite surface protein-1. The frequency of these cellular responses were significantly higher among the miners (57-64%) than the farmers (10-20%) when either recombinant protein was used. Our data suggest that a higher exposure to malaria of the gold-miners contributed to their higher in vitro cellular response compared with the farmers. These findings point the way to further studies evaluating the influence of risk factors associated with the life styles of different social groups and the immune responses to these antigens.
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Escherichia coli for Efficient Fermentation of L-Fucose (2019)

L-Fucose, one of the major monomeric sugars in brown algae, possesses high potential for use in the large-scale production of bio-based products. Although fucose catabolic pathways have been enzymatically evaluated, the effects of fucose as a carbon source on intracellular metabolism in industrial microorganisms such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> are still not identified. To elucidate the effects of fucose on cellular metabolism and to find clues for efficient conversion of fucose into bio-based products, comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed on <i>E. coli</i> on L-fucose and on D-glucose as a control. When fucose was the carbon source for <i>E. coli</i>, integration of the two omics analyses revealed that excess gluconeogenesis and quorum sensing led to severe depletion of ATP, resulting in accumulation and export of fucose extracellularly. Therefore, metabolic engineering and optimization are needed for <i>E. coil</i> to more efficiently ferment fucose. This is the first multi-omics study investigating the effects of fucose on cellular metabolism in <i>E. coli</i>. These omics data and their biological interpretation could be used to assist metabolic engineering of <i>E. coli</i> producing bio-based products using fucose-containing brown macroalgae.
Anthropogenic silver in the Southern California Bight: a new tracer of sewage in coastal waters (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnthropogenic silver in the Southern California Bight: a new tracer of sewage in coastal watersSergio A. Sanudo-Wilhelmy and A. Russell FlegalCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 11, 2147–2151Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00035a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A simpler unified analysis of budget perceptrons (2009)

The kernel Perceptron is an appealing online learning algorithm that has a drawback: whenever it makes an error it must increase its support set, which slows training and testing if the number of errors is large. The Forgetron and the Randomized Budget Perceptron algorithms overcome this problem by restricting the number of support vectors the Perceptron is allowed to have. These algorithms have regret bounds whose proofs are dissimilar. In this paper we propose a unified analysis of both of these algorithms by observing that the way in which they remove support vectors can be seen as types of L2-regularization. By casting these algorithms as instances of online convex optimization problems and applying a variant of Zinkevich's theorem for noisy and incorrect gradient, we can bound the regret of these algorithms more easily than before. Our bounds are similar to the existing ones, but the proofs are less technical.
Acoustic Streaming in a Guided Traveling Wave (1955)

A study has been made of the streaming caused when a guided traveling wave is sent through a closed, gas-filled tube. Starting with an approximate expression for the acoustic particle velocity in such a tube, it is shown that the observed streaming can be ascribed to the surface sources of vorticity which are generated in the acoustic boundary layer next to the side walls of the tube. The volume source of vorticity described by C. Eckart [Phys. Rev. 73, 68 (1948)] and H. Medwin and I. Rodnick [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 538 (1953)] is negligible in this ease. The 2-in. i.d. closed steel tube used for the experiment was approximately 20 ft in length, with the last 10 ft acoustically terminated by a slowly tapering wedge of glass wool. An 8-in. long Lucite section in the tube allowed binocular microscope observation of suspended tobacco smoke or Lycopodium particles, used as tracers to determine the gas motion. Comparison of theoretical predictions and experimental observations will be made. This work was partially supported by the U. S. Office of Naval Research, Contract N6onr 27507.
A mouse model for <i>EML4-ALK</i> -positive lung cancer (2008)

EML4-ALK is a fusion-type protein tyrosine kinase that is generated in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a result of a recurrent chromosome inversion, inv (2)(p21p23). Although mouse 3T3 fibroblasts expressing human EML4-ALK form transformed foci in culture and s.c. tumors in nude mice, it has remained unclear whether this fusion protein plays an essential role in the carcinogenesis of NSCLC. To address this issue, we have now established transgenic mouse lines that express EML4-ALK specifically in lung alveolar epithelial cells. All of the transgenic mice examined developed hundreds of adenocarcinoma nodules in both lungs within a few weeks after birth, confirming the potent oncogenic activity of the fusion kinase. Although such tumors underwent progressive enlargement in control animals, oral administration of a small-molecule inhibitor of the kinase activity of ALK resulted in their rapid disappearance. Similarly, whereas i.v. injection of 3T3 cells expressing EML4-ALK induced lethal respiratory failure in recipient nude mice, administration of the ALK inhibitor effectively cleared the tumor burden and improved the survival of such animals. These data together reinforce the pivotal role of EML4-ALK in the pathogenesis of NSCLC in humans, and they provide experimental support for the treatment of this intractable cancer with ALK inhibitors.
Thermal and Structural Part-Scale Modeling of the Metal Additive Manufacturing Process. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Studies of Electron Transfer through Monolayers Containing Conjugated Species at the Liquid−Liquid Interface (1998)

The rates of electron transfer (ET) between two redox species through a monolayer of saturated dipalmytoyl phosphocholine and polyconjugated 2(3-(diphenylhexatrienyl)propanoyl)-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine phospholipids adsorbed at the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) were measured by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Comparison of the ET rates shows that addition of phospholipids with conjugated hydrocarbon chains increases the ET rate by at least a factor of 2 compared to films with only saturated hydrocarbon chains. This difference was sufficiently high to obtain information about distribution of lipid molecules in monolayers formed by mixing two lipids. Lateral scanning of an ultramicroelectrode tip across the lipid monolayer comprised of two different phospholipids showed that each lipid forms microsize domains. The rate of ET across a monolayer of lipid adsorbed at the ITIES was also probed as a function of temperature. A sharp decrease in ET rate with temperature suggests a phase transition of the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid molecules. The phase transition increases the ET distance between the two redox centers with a resultant decrease in ET rate.
Highly Reversible Lithium‐ions Storage of Molybdenum Dioxide Nanoplates for High Power Lithium‐ion Batteries (2015)

Herein, MoO2 nanoplates have been facilely prepared through a hydrothermal process by using MoO3 microbelts as the intercalation host. The obtained MoO2 nanoplates manifest excellent electrochemical properties when the discharge cutoff voltage is simply set at 1.0 V to preclude the occurrence of conversion reactions. Its initial reversible capacity reaches 251 mAh g(-1), which is larger than that of Li4Ti5O12 , at a current rate of 0.2 C. The average capacity decay is only 0.0465 mAh g(-1) per cycle, with a coulombic efficiency of 99.5% (from the 50th cycle onward) for 2000 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, this MoO2 electrode demonstrates an outstanding high power performance. When the current rate is increased from 0.2 to 50 C, about 54% of the capacity is retained. The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to the metallic conductivity of MoO2, short Li(+) diffusion distance in the nanoplates, and reversible crystalline phase conversion of the addition-type reaction of MoO2. The prepared MoO2 nanoplates may hopefully replace their currently used analogues, such as Li4Ti5O12 , in high power lithium-ion batteries.
Glycerol‐insensitive <i>Arabidopsis</i> mutants: <i>gli1</i> seedlings lack glycerol kinase, accumulate glycerol and are more resistant to abiotic stress (2004)

The aim of this study was to investigate the process of glycerol catabolism in germinating Arabidopsis seed. A genetic screen was performed to isolate glycerol-insensitive (gli) mutant seedlings. Three separate mutant loci were identified (gli1, gli2 and gli3). Of these, only gli1 is unable to utilise glycerol. Following germination, gli1 seedlings transiently accumulate glycerol derived from the breakdown of storage oil and are more resistant to hyperosmotic stress, salt stress, oxidative stress, freezing and desiccation. Enzyme assays revealed that gli1 lacks glycerol kinase activity. GLI1 mapped to chromosome 1 near the putative glycerol kinase gene NHO1. Mutations in this gene were identified in three independent gli1 alleles. A cDNA encoding GLI1 was cloned and its function was proven by complementation of an Escherichia coli glycerol kinase (glpK) deletion strain. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that GLI1 is expressed in all tissues, but is transiently upregulated during early post-germinative growth and leaf senescence. These data show that glycerol kinase is required for glycerol catabolism in Arabidopsis and that the accumulation of glycerol can enhance resistance to a variety of abiotic stresses associated with dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: POLY(CROWN ETHER) CATALYZED DECARBOXYLATION OF 6‐NITROBENZISOXAZOLE‐3‐CARBOXYLATE (1978)

Abstract Poly(vinylbenzo‐l 8‐krone‐6) (I) in Wasser beschleunigt die Decarboxylierung der Titelverbindung (II) um den Faktor 2 300. Durch Zugabe von Kationen, die zur Komplexbildung befähigt sind, erhöht sich die Decarboxylierungsgeschwindigkeit weiter in der Reihenfolge Cs K" Na Li . Das effektivste System (I)‐CsCl beschleunigt die Decarboxylierung gegenüber der in Wasser um den Faktor 14 000 (25°C) bzw. 86 000 (5°C).
Effects of the non‐steroidal ecdysteroid mimic tebufenozide on the tomato looper Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): An ultrastructural analysis (1997)

Oral treatment indicated that the substituted dibenzoylhydrazine tebufenozide is a potent nonsteroidal agonist of ecdysteroids when tested on last instar larvae of the tomato looper Chrysodeixis chalcites. Treated larvae showed characteristic signs of precocious moulting within 12 h of treatment, leading to head capsule apolysis and cessation of feeding. Electron microscopic analysis of treated integument revealed a forced, untimely synthesis of a new (epi)cuticle via epidermal cell activation; however, normal procuticle secretion was interrupted since the large number of procuticular lamellae that normally appear in controls was conspicuously absent. Further, phenotypic changes of endocrine gland ultrastructure and that of the foregut epithelium and muscle organization were also observed. This compound appears to be a useful tool in endocrine research and in the control of lepidopteran pests. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 35:179–190, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression and structure of interleukin 4 receptors in primary meningeal tumors (2005)

Expression of the IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 chains and absence of IL-2gammac expression established that meningiomas expressed type II IL-4Rs. These receptors may serve as a target for cytotoxin/immunotoxin therapy in patients with meningioma who are not amenable to surgical resection or for recurrent tumors.
Effects of Electrical Stress on the Mid-Gap Interface Trap Density and the Capture Cross Sections Characterized by Pulsed Interface Probing (PIP) Measurements (2004)

High-field electrical stress effects on the mid-gap interface trap density (Dito) and the geometric mean capture cross sections (σo) in n-MOSFETs have been studied using the pulsed interface probing (PIP) method. The results show that the PIP technique is sensitive to changes in mid-gap trap cross-section values caused by the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) electrical stress. A decrease in the mid-gap trap cross-sections following F-N tunneling injection is found. Our work also provides further insight into the influence of electrical stress on mid-gap interface trap generation in n-MOSFETs without the assumption of a constant capture cross-section value during F-N stresses. PACS numbers: 73.20.At