gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The International Cooperative Studyon the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery (1990)

The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery evaluated the results of surgical and medical management in 3521 patients between December, 1980, and July, 1983. At admission, 75% of patients were in good neurological condition and surgery was performed in 83%. At the 6-month evaluation, 26% of the patients had died and 58% exhibited a complete recovery. Vasospasm and rebleeding were the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in addition to the initial bleed. Predictors for mortality included the patient's decreased level of consciousness and increased age, thickness of the subarachnoid hemorrhage clot on computerized tomography, elevated blood pressure, preexisting medical illnesses, and basilar aneurysms. The results presented here document the status of management in the 1980's.
Improving the energy resolution of bent crystal X-ray spectrometers with position-sensitive detectors (2014)

Wavelength-dispersive high-resolution X-ray spectrometers often employ elastically bent crystals for the wavelength analysis. In a preceding paper [Honkanen et al. (2014). J. Synchrotron Rad. 21, 104-110] a theory for quantifying the internal stress of a macroscopically large spherically curved analyser crystal was presented. Here the theory is applied to compensate for the corresponding decrease of the energy resolution. The technique is demonstrated with a Johann-type spectrometer using a spherically bent Si(660) analyser in near-backscattering geometry, where an improvement in the energy resolution from 1.0 eV down to 0.5 eV at 9.7 keV incident photon energy was observed.
Contextual Text Style Transfer (2020)

We introduce a new task, Contextual Text Style Transfer - translating a sentence into a desired style with its surrounding context taken into account. This brings two key challenges to existing style transfer approaches: ($i$) how to preserve the semantic meaning of target sentence and its consistency with surrounding context during transfer; ($ii$) how to train a robust model with limited labeled data accompanied with context. To realize high-quality style transfer with natural context preservation, we propose a Context-Aware Style Transfer (CAST) model, which uses two separate encoders for each input sentence and its surrounding context. A classifier is further trained to ensure contextual consistency of the generated sentence. To compensate for the lack of parallel data, additional self-reconstruction and back-translation losses are introduced to leverage non-parallel data in a semi-supervised fashion. Two new benchmarks, Enron-Context and Reddit-Context, are introduced for formality and offensiveness style transfer. Experimental results on these datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CAST model over state-of-the-art methods across style accuracy, content preservation and contextual consistency metrics.
A Study on the Power Loss Monitoring Methods with AMI systems (2013)

Major utilities have been focusing on R&D and nationwide business of AMI system which plays a vital role in SmartGrid whose concept is to maximize energy efficiency and optimize electric power facility management with exchanging real time information between utilities and consumers based on ICT technologies in power grid. In this paper, we suggest a power loss monitoring method using KEPCO"s AMI system which is operating in fields and with the acquisition of AMI data and analyses verify the validation of a power loss monitoring method.
Users manual for updated computer code for axial-flow compressor conceptual design (1992)

An existing computer code that determines the flow path for an axial-flow compressor either for a given number of stages or for a given overall pressure ratio was modified for use in air-breathing engine conceptual design studies. This code uses a rapid approximate design methodology that is based on isentropic simple radial equilibrium. Calculations are performed at constant-span-fraction locations from tip to hub. Energy addition per stage is controlled by specifying the maximum allowable values for several aerodynamic design parameters. New modeling was introduced to the code to overcome perceived limitations. Specific changes included variable rather than constant tip radius, flow path inclination added to the continuity equation, input of mass flow rate directly rather than indirectly as inlet axial velocity, solution for the exact value of overall pressure ratio rather than for any value that met or exceeded it, and internal computation of efficiency rather than the use of input values. The modified code was shown to be capable of computing efficiencies that are compatible with those of five multistage compressors and one fan that were tested experimentally. This report serves as a users manual for the revised code, Compressor Spanline Analysis (CSPAN). The modeling modifications, including two internal loss correlations, are presented. Program input and output are described. A sample case for a multistage compressor is included.
Loss of NAD(P)-reducing power and glutathione disulfide excretion at the start of induction of aerial growth in Neurospora crassa (1991)

When exponentially growing hyphae of Neurospora crassa in aerated liquid cultures are filtered and the resulting mycelial mat is exposed to air, aerial hyphae develop and synchronous conidiation is obtained. The hyphae in direct contact with air adhere to each other within minutes and form aerial hyphae during the following 12 h; the hyphae which are not in direct contact with air do not adhere to each other and do not form aerial hyphae. Previous data indicated that oxidative stress was generated in the adhering hyphae; proteins and specific enzymes were found to be oxidatively modified and degraded. In this work, we report a dramatic fall in the reduced-to-oxidized ratio of NAD and NADP coenzymes during the first 6 min of exposure to air. This drop did not occur in a mycelial mat exposed to a N2-enriched atmosphere. Adding a carbon source to the mycelial mat did not abolish the loss of NAD(P)-reducing power. After the initial fall, the reducing levels of the coenzymes returned to the starting value in about 30 min. A peak of extracellular glutathione disulfide occurred simultaneously with the loss of NAD(P)-reducing power. The reducing power loss and the excretion of glutathione disulfide are thought to be consequences of a hyperoxidant state; the adhesion of hyphae is thought to be a response to the hyperoxidant state.
A system for measurement of surface charge densities on tubular electrets (1990)

A measuring system to determin the projected charge density distribution on the surface of tubular electrets, for biomedical applications (in particular neural prostheses) is described. The proposed technique represents an extension of cylindrical geometries of an induction-based method usually adopted for planar films.
A 3.5 GHz fully integrated power amplifier module (2002)

In this paper we present a state-of-the-art Power Amplifier module operating at S-band. The power module consists of an InGaP HBT MMIC amplifier at 3.5 GHz with the necessary bias and output matching networks integrated using standard surface mount components. As such the module is truly 50 /spl Omega/ matched at input and output ports with no external circuitry required. The technology chosen for the module is a low cost, high volume ball grid array (BGA) technology, which is widely available. The power module gave a peak output power of 27.5 dBm and a power added efficiency of 44% from a single +5 V supply.
Secure data migration between cloud storage systems (2017)

Cloud computing is a trending paradigm that combines several computing concepts and technologies of the Internet to create a platform for more agile, cost effective and reliable model for the public users, business applications and IT infrastructure. There are various requirements that need to be addressed by Cloud Service Provider (CSP) for enabling the cloud services to the users such as security, performance, availability, integrability, customization with minimal cost. If any of these requirements are not met, then the user wishes to switch from current CSP to a new CSP. To achieve that the user has to download all the digital assets, services, IT resources and applications from one CSP and upload into another CSP. This process has many issues like security, vendor management, technical integration, requirement of time and energy resources, etc; The first one being a major concern which we are addressing it in this paper. Here we propose a secure data migration technique to migrate the data from one cloud storage system to another cloud storage system. The proposed approach comprises of mutual authentication, blended with key splitting and sharing methods that ensure pre-migration authentication. The migration of data is then performed by encrypting with symmetric keys, which are shared using RSA Cryptosystem. The security factors such as confidentiality, authorization, authenticity, integrity are ensured by this technique. The proposed methodology is implemented and validated on two OpenStack servers using the Object Storage Service accessed by swiftclient.
Impurity Distribution in Epitaxial Silicon Films (1962)

A differential capacitance‐voltage method for determining doping profiles in depth in epitaxial semiconductor films is described. Experimental profiles, in which the doping level generally is not flat but decreases with film thickness, are shown for several film growth conditions. A possible explanation for the observed distribution is discussed.
Energy-gap variations in semiconductor alloys (1974)

The physical origin of the bowing of energy gaps in semiconductor alloys is considered. It is shown that disorder plays no significant part in energy-gap bowing, and that the virtual crystal approximation is valid. An expression is derived for the bowing resulting from the nonlinear dependence of the crystal potential on the properties of the component ions, and very good agreement is found with experimental data for sixteen alloys at the Gamma point ad eight alloys at the L point.
Mounting of high power laser diodes on boron nitride heat sinks using an optimized Au/Sn metallurgy (2002)

High power diode lasers become more and more important to industrial and medical applications. In contrast to low power applications long cavity lasers of laser bars are used in this field and mounting influences considerably laser performance and life time. In this paper we focus on the solder metallurgy and stress-induced laser behavior after mounting. The laser chips have been fluxless bonded epi-side down on translucent cubic boron nitride (T-cBN) using Au/Sn solder. The laser behavior has been tested with different chip metallizations preserving the eutectic solder composition or forming the Au rich /spl zeta/-phase during reflow. The resulting additional stress in the lasing region has been independently indicated by polarization measurements of the emitted light. A metallization scheme has been developed which forms the highly melting /spl zeta/-phase during soldering within a wide process window. This procedure yields better results then using eutectic Au/Sn which has a higher hardness than the /spl zeta/-phase. Laser diodes up to a cavity length of 2000 /spl mu/m and a aperture of 200 /spl mu/m have successfully been mounted on T-cBN. State of the art laser data, excellent thermal stability, high yield and reliability have been obtained.
Mini UAV's: Can Active Flow Control Do It All? (2002)

What is "All?" 1) Eliminate low Re effects on performance; 2) Control attitudes and provide guidance; 3) Propulsion by periodic excitation; 4) No moving parts.
A Grid-interactive PV Generation System with the Function of the Power Quality Improvement (2007)

In this paper, a grid-interactive photovoltaic (PV) system with the function of the power quality improvement is presented. The proposed system requires only one current-controlled voltage source inverter, which control the current flow at low total harmonic distortion and unity power factor, as well as simultaneously provide reactive power support. The proposed system operation has been divided into two modes (sunny and night). In night mode, the system operates to compensate the reactive power demanded by nonlinear or variation in loads. In sunny mode, the system performs power quality control (PQC) to reduce harmonic current and to improve power factor as well as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to supply active power from the PV arrays, simultaneously. To verify the proposed system a comprehensive evaluation included simulation and experimental results are presented.
Der Nachweis eines Kreislaufhormons in der Pankreasdrüse. (IV. Mitteilung über dieses Kreislaufhormon.) (1930)

Article Der Nachweis eines Kreislaufhormons in der Pankreasdrüse. (IV. Mitteilung über dieses Kreislaufhormon.) was published on January 1, 1930 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 189, issue 3-4).
Implementation of Air-Gap Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) Using Sacrificial Technology (2013)

Using air-gaps to replace conventional silicon dioxide as the insulators of through-silicon-vias (TSVs) has the possibility to improve the electrical performance and some thermal reliability issues of TSVs. This paper reports the implementation of TSVs with air-gap insulators by developing a polymer sacrificial technology. The sacrificial technology and the key fabrication processes are investigated in detail, including spin-coating of poly propylene carbonate (PPC) on the sidewalls of blind vias, copper chemical-mechanical polishing, PPC grinding, and PPC pyrolysis to form air-gaps. To address the technical challenge in coating thin and conformal PPC sacrificial claddings in blind vias, a vacuum-assisted solvent refilling technique is developed. Air-gap TSVs are successfully fabricated and the electrical performances are characterized. The accumulation capacitance of the air-gap TSVs is 48 fF, and the leakage current is as low as 1.22 pA at bias voltage of 20 V. Finite element simulation shows that air-gaps are able to reduce thermal stresses. The preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the sacrificial technology and the good electrical performance of air-gap TSVs.
A Local Source of FGF Initiates Development of the Unmyelinated Lineage of Sensory Neurons (2013)

The principle by which unmyelinated primary sensory neurons transducing thermal, itch and pain perception are specified in early development is unknown. These classes of sensory neurons diversify from a common population of late-born neurons, which initiate expression of Runt homology domain transcription factor RUNX1 and the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA. Here, we report that signals emanating from within the mouse dorsal root ganglion mediated partly by early-born neurons destined to a myelinated phenotype participate in fating late-born RUNX1(+)/TrkA(+) neurons. Inductive factors include FGFs via activation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). Consistently, FGF2 is sufficient to induce expression of RUNX1, and Fgfr1 conditional mutant mice display deficits in fating of the common population of late-born RUNX1(+)/TrkA(+) neurons that develop into unmyelinated neurons. Thus, the distinct lineages of sensory neurons are acquired in response to increasing FGF levels provided by a rising number of born neurons.
[Application of MVR-PCR at D1S8 locus with HRP-labeled MS32 oligonucleotides probes]. (1998)

The purpose of this study is to detect small amount of biological materials using the method of MVR-PCR at D1S8 locus with HRP-labeled MS32 oligonucleotides probe. The results showed that the MVR-PCR patterns, obtained from trace blood stain (equal to 5 ul blood), trace saliva stain (equal to 4 ul saliva) or a hair root, can be read clearly and easily. The sensitivity of the method is 1 ng DNA. The applications of the method in personal identification were discussed.
Evolution of Chemical Composition, Morphology, and Photovoltaic Efficiency of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite under Ambient Conditions (2015)

© 2015 American Chemical Society. The surface composition and morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films stored for several days under ambient conditions were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Chemical analysis revealed the loss of CH3NH3 + and I- species from CH3NH3PbI3 and its subsequent decomposition into lead carbonate, lead hydroxide, and lead oxide. After long-term storage under ambient conditions, morphological analysis revealed the transformation of randomly distributed defects and cracks, initially present in the densely packed crystalline structure, into relatively small grains. In contrast to PbI2 powder, CH3NH3PbI3 exhibited a different degradation trend under ambient conditions. Therefore, we propose a plausible CH3NH3PbI3 decomposition pathway that explains the changes in the chemical composition of CH3NH3PbI3 under ambient conditions. In addition, films stored under such conditions were incorporated into photovoltaic cells, and their performances were examined. The chemical changes in the decomposed films were found to cause a significant decrease in the photovoltaic efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3.
IMMUNIZATION OF LAMBS AGAINST SOMATOSTATIN TO IMPROVE GROWTH RATE (1990)

Weight gain, shoulder height and feed intake responses to immunization against somatostatin (SRIF) were examined in three experiments with a total of 78 lambs. Initial immunizations against SRIF occurred when lambs were 4, 8 and 3 wk old for exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, with booster immunizations 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wk later. Control lambs were left untreated except in exp. 3 where one group of control lambs was immunized with human serum alpha globulin. Treated lambs were immunized with SRIF conjugated to human serum alpha globulin. Experiments were terminated when lambs reached 45 kg body weight. SRIF immunization did not alter lamb shoulder height or feed conversion efficiency. Rate of gain of ram and wether lambs, but not ewe lambs, was improved by SRIF immunization. Wether lambs in exp. 1 and ram lambs in exp. 2 gained 21 and 15% more, respectively, than their controls by 20 wk of age. In exp. 3, SRIF-treated 3/4 Romanov ram lambs gained 13% more than their controls by 19 wk of age. However, SRIF-treated 7/8 Romanov lambs gained only 3% more than controls during this time. In conclusion, immunizing wether and ram crossbred lambs against somatostatin increased their growth rates sufficiently to reduce the time needed to reach market weight by 2–3 wk. However, feed conversion efficiency was not improved by somatostatin immunization. Key words: Somatostatin, SRIF, immunization, growth rate, lambs
Reduction of Scattered Light in the Coronagraph (1963)

The development of balloon and rocket vehicles provides opportunity for nearly continuous observation of those parts of the solar corona remote from the sun. This opportunity places new requirements on the freedom of the coronagraph from scattered light. Several possible means of improving the coronagraph are described. It is found that the available optical media do not permit a significant reduction in the scattered light in the ordinary coronagraph. The reflecting coronagraph and the simple, externally occulted coronagraph can be made freer of scattered light by from one to more than two orders of magnitude, respectively, than the Lyot coronagraph. The use of the apodized, external, occulting disk developed by several investigators can reduce the scattered light by at least three orders of magnitude so that the instrumental background is similar to the skylight encountered during total eclipse.
The cost of photoinhibition (2011)

Photoinhibition is an inevitable consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, the concept of a 'photoinhibition-proof' plant in which photosystem II (PSII) is immune to photodamage is useful as a benchmark for considering the performances of plants with varying mixes of mechanisms which limit the extent of photodamage and which repair photodamage. Some photodamage is bound to occur, and the energy costs of repair are the direct costs of repair plus the photosynthesis foregone during repair. One mechanism permitting partial avoidance of photodamage is restriction of the number of photons incident on the photosynthetic apparatus per unit time, achieved by phototactic movement of motile algae to places with lower incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), by phototactic movement of plastids within cells to positions that minimize the incident PAR and by photonastic relative movements of parts of photolithotrophs attached to a substrate. The other means of avoiding photodamage is dissipating excitation of photosynthetic pigments including state transitions, non-photochemical quenching by one of the xanthophyll cycles or some other process and photochemical quenching by increased electron flow through PSII involving CO₂ and other acceptors, including the engagement of additional electron transport pathways. These mechanisms inevitably have the potential to decrease the rate of growth. As well as the decreased photosynthetic rates as a result of photodamage and the restrictions on photosynthesis imposed by the repair, avoidance, quenching and scavenging mechanisms, there are also additional energy, nitrogen and phosphorus costs of producing and operating repair, avoidance, quenching and scavenging mechanisms. A comparison is also made between the costs of photoinhibition and those of other plant functions impeded by the occurrence of oxygenic photosynthesis, i.e. the competitive inhibition of the carboxylase activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase by oxygen via the oxygenase activity, and oxygen damage to nitrogenase in diazotrophic organisms.
Cell or Cell Membrane-Based Drug Delivery Systems (2015)

Natural cells have been explored as drug carriers for a long period. They have received growing interest as a promising drug delivery system (DDS) until recently along with the development of biology and medical science. The synthetic materials, either organic or inorganic, are found to be with more or less immunogenicity and/or toxicity. The cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are endogenous and thought to be much safer and friendlier. Furthermore, in view of their host attributes, they may achieve different biological effects and/or targeting specificity, which can meet the needs of personalized medicine as the next generation of DDS. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in cell or cell membrane-based DDS and their fabrication processes, unique properties and applications, including the whole cells, EVs and cell membrane coated nanoparticles. We expect the continuing development of this cell or cell membrane-based DDS will promote their clinic applications.
The Counterpart Relationship (1993)

The proposed counterpart relationship model can be an effective tool in blending role functions to provide culturally sensitive nursing care in international settings. The authors explore their experience in developing a counterpart relationship where the CNS enters into a mutually collaborative relationship with a host counterpart from a cultural base different from the CNS's. The goal is to improve the level of health care provided to a specific cultural group and to transition the responsibilities of the CNS to the host counterpart.