gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
U. S. refiners face declining crude quality, insufficient price spread (1993)

Refiners in the US have been processing crudes of moderately declining quality over the past 10 years. API gravity has decreased by about 0.17[degree]/year over the period while sulfur content has increased by 0.027 wt %/ year. Meanwhile, the ratio of heavy crudes to light crudes imported by US refiners has leveled, after increasing in the early 1980s. The price differential for heavy-to-light crude oils is not as great as was anticipated by those refiners that modified heavy processing facilities in the early 1980s. And at the current price spread, the amount of capital available for heavy-end upgrading facilities will be limited. This article discusses crude quality by updating a previous article by adding 1991 data. The economics of this quality change are explained with examples from Petroleum Administration for Defense District 3 and 5.
Social feature-based multi-path routing in delay tolerant networks (2012)

Most routing protocols for delay tolerant networks resort to the sufficient state information, including trajectory and contact information, to ensure routing efficiency. However, state information tends to be dynamic and hard to obtain without a global and/or long-term collection process. In this paper, we use the internal social features of each node in the network to perform the routing process. This approach is motivated from several social contact networks, such as the Infocom 2006 trace, where people contact each other more frequently if they have more social features in common. Our approach includes two unique processes: social feature extraction and multi-path routing. In social feature extraction, we use entropy to extract the m most informative social features to create a feature space (F-space): (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , ..., F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ), where F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> corresponds to a feature. The routing method then becomes a hypercube-based feature matching process where the routing process is a step-by-step feature difference resolving process. We offer two special multi-path routing schemes: node-disjoint-based routing and delegation-based routing. Extensive simulations on both real and synthetic traces are conducted in comparison with several existing approaches, including spray-and-wait routing and spray-and-focus routing.
A Novel CSI Feedback Approach for Massive MIMO Using LSTM-Attention CNN (2020)

In this paper, a novel mechanism is studied to improve the performance of the channel state information (CSI) feedback in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed mechanism encompasses convolutional neural network (CNN)-based CSI compression and reconstruction structure. In this structure, the long-short term memory (LSTM) is adopted to learn temporal correlation of channels, and then, an attention mechanism is developed to perceive local information and automatically weight feature information. In addition, the CNN framework is further adjusted to reduce the number of training parameters and accelerate CSI recovery. The CNN structure with optimal training parameters can be achieved via offline iterative training and learning based on various training datasets. Comparative experimental studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach that the trained CNN can obtain the higher feedback accuracy and better system performance in massive MIMO CSI online feedback reconstruction. Moreover, the proposed scheme in the less parameters-based neural network owns a higher performance with lower computational complexity compared to the conventional algorithms.
Additive Structure in Qualitative Data: An Alternating Least Squares Method with Optimal Scaling Features (1976)

A method is developed to investigate the additive structure of data that (a) may be measured at the nominal, ordinal or cardinal levels, (b) may be obtained from either a discrete or continuous source, (c) may have known degrees of imprecision, or (d) may be obtained in unbalanced designs. The method also permits experimental variables to be measured at the ordinal level. It is shown that the method is convergent, and includes several previously proposed methods as special cases. Both Monte Carlo and empirical evaluations indicate that the method is robust.
Contabilidade Gerencial: Balanced Scorecard e Relatórios Contábeis Como Ferramentas na Tomada de Decisão (2015)

sistemas de controle gerencial existentes [...
Human and Mouse Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Cell Assays (2004)

Hematopoietic stem cells present in small numbers in certain fetal organs during development and in adult bone marrow produce a heterogeneous pool of progenitors that can be detected in vitro using colony-forming cell (CFC) assays. Hematopoietic progenitor cells, when cultured in a semisolid methylcellulose-based medium that is supplemented with suitable growth factors, proliferate and differentiate to produce clonal clusters (colonies) of maturing cells. The CFCs are then classified and enumerated in situ by light microscopy. Protocols for the detection and enumeration of myeloid multipotential progenitors and committed progenitors of the erythroid, monocyte, and granulocyte lineages in samples from human peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cord blood as well as mouse fetal liver and bone marrow are described.
Prediction of the effects of imperfect construction of a QMS filter (2007)

Modelling techniques have previously predicted the observed behaviour of perfectly manufactured QMS mass filters. These methods are extended to examination of the behaviour of imperfect QMS filters; this examination considers the behaviour of QMS filters with one rod displaced radially inward as this is a simple manufacturing defect that arises when a rod does not fit correctly into the mounting. The results demonstrate the well known, but poorly documented property, that exchanging the connections of a poorly performing QMS device sometimes improves performance. This is shown to arise because only a displacement of a y-rod produces a large effect. The results also show that displacement of a y-rod may produce a spurious additional peak known as a precursor. More detailed investigation suggests that precursors are not separate peaks but are formed because a section of the main peak is removed causing an apparent double peak. Finally results confirm that adjustment of the voltage applied to a displaced rod can be used to significantly improve the QMS behaviour. A small change by a fraction alpha in the position of a single rod may be compensated by a change of 2 x alpha in the voltage applied to that rod.
The Cornerstone of Hospitality Management Education: An Interview with Lendal H. Kotschevar (1993)

(1993). The Cornerstone of Hospitality Management Education: An Interview with Lendal H. Kotschevar. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 37-40.
Molecular mechanism of the rifampicin-RNA polymerase interaction (1976)

Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the interaction of rifampicin with RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli were performed by exploiting the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of the protein by the drug. Fluorimetric titrations show that rifampicin binds stoichiometrically to the core and holoenzyme with an apparent Kd of less than or equal to 3 x 10(-9) M. Neither the addition of template nor the formation of the initiation complex in the presence of dinucleotide and nucleoside triphosphate prevents the rifampicin-enzyme interaction. Although the equilibrium binding constant for the rifampicin-RNA polymerase complex is about the same for the core and holoenzyme and the holoenzyme-T7 DNA complex, stopped-flow studies indicate that the rates at which rifampicin interacts with these enzyme forms are different. In all three cases, the kinetic data can be interpreted in terms of a mechanism in which the rapid bimolecular binding of rifampicin to RNA polymerase is followed by a relatively slow isomerization of the drug enzyme complex: (See article). While the values of dissociation constant K1 = (k-1/k1), for the first binary complex (ER) are similar, the rate constant for the forward isomerization, k2, decrease in the order of core enzyme greater than holoenzyme greater than the holoenzyme-T7 DNA complex. The fact that this order is parallel to the relative rates of inactivation of the enzymes and the enzyme-DNA complex suggests that the inactivation may be due to the rifampicin-induced isomerization (conformational change) of the enzyme. This is supported by our observations that an enzyme complex which is in the process of elongating RNA chains can still bind rifampicin, although the enzyme activity is not inhibited by such binding. The values of overall binding constants calculated from the kinetic parameters, 1-2 x 10(-9) M, are in good agreement with the values of the apparent Kd obtained from fluorimetric titrations and Ki determined by enzymatic assays. In addition, the observations that the formation of an initiation complex leads to a significant but not complete rifampicin-resistant RNA synthesis and the recent finding that rifampicin only partly inhibits the formation of the first phosphodiester bond in an abortive initiation of RNA chains are consistent with our kinetic mechansim, i.e., the existence of two forms of the rifampicin-RNA polymerase complex, only one of which is able to initiate the RNA chains.
Control-flow analysis of function calls and returns by abstract interpretation (2009)

We derive a control-flow analysis that approximates the interprocedural control-flow of both function calls and returns in the presence of first-class functions and tail-call optimization. In addition to an abstract environment, our analysis computes for each expression an abstract control stack, effectively approximating where function calls return across optimized tail calls. The analysis is systematically calculated by abstract interpretation of the stack-based CaEK abstract machine of Flanagan et al. using a series of Galois connections. Abstract interpretation provides a unifying setting in which we 1) prove the analysis equivalent to the composition of a continuation-passing style (CPS) transformation followed by an abstract interpretation of a stack-less CPS machine, and 2) extract an equivalent constraint-based formulation, thereby providing a rational reconstruction of a constraint-based control-flow analysis from abstract interpretation principles.
Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. (1952)

Journal Article Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation Get access Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. Edited by T. C. KOOPMANS. Cowles Commission Monograph No. 13. (New York : John Wiley (London : Chapman and Hall), 1951. Pp. xiv + 414. 36s.) C. F. Carter C. F. Carter The Queen's University, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 62, Issue 247, 1 September 1952, Pages 625–628, https://doi.org/10.2307/2226909 Published: 01 September 1952
Bidirectional programming languages (2009)

The need to edit source data through a view arises in a host of applications across many different areas of computing. Unfortunately, few existing systems provide support for updatable views. In practice, when they are needed, updatable views are usually implemented using two separate programs: one that computes the view from the source and another that handles updates. This rudimentary design is tedious for programmers, difficult to reason about, and a nightmare to maintain. 
This dissertation presents bidirectional programming languages, which provide an elegant and effective mechanism for describing updatable views. Unlike programs written in an ordinary language, which only work in one direction, programs in a bidirectional language can be run both forwards and backwards: from left to right, they describe functions that map sources to views, and from right to left, they describe functions that map updated views back to updated sources. Besides eliminating redundancy, these languages can be designed to ensure correctness, guaranteeing by construction that the two functions work well together. 
Starting from the foundations, we define a general semantic space of well-behaved bidirectional transformations called lenses. Then, building on this foundation, we describe a particular language for defining lenses on strings with syntax based on the familiar regular operators (union, concatenation, and Kleene star). We present extensions to the basic framework that address the subtle complications that arise when lenses are used to manipulate, data containing unimportant details, ordered data, and confidential data.
Plant and soil relationships in two hydrothermally altered areas of the Breat Basin (1983)

In two areas of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Great Basin, the native vegetation differs in composition and areal cover from unaltered to altered sites on the same geologic formations. Analysis suggests that physical rather than chemical factors may be the cause of the vegetation differences, especially permeability of bedrock, depth and texture of soils, and, possibly, amounts and types of clay minerals present. These characteristics influence the ability of soils to absorb and retain water. In the East Tintic Mountains, Utah, the soils from argillized or mixed argillized and silicified parent materials have more characteristics associated with dryness and support sparser vegetation and more species especially adapted to dry conditions than do soils from unaltered or silicified parent materials. In Battle Mountain, Nevada, unaltered areas have greater vegetation cover and have soil depth and texture that are more favorable for plants than do altered areas. Soil pH is higher in altered areas than in unaltered areas.
Oxidation on the Side Chain in 1,2-Dialkyl-3-nitropyrroles and 3-Alkylaminosulfonyl-1,2-dialkylpyrroles (1999)

Benzylic-type methyl and methylene groups can be converted either to the corresponding alkyl halide, alcohol or carbonyl compounds by treating different substituted 3-nitro- and 3-alkylaminosulfonylpyrroles with the adequate oxidizing agent.
Preparation and in vitro analysis of microencapsulated genetically engineered <i>E. coli</i> DH5 cells for urea and ammonia removal (1995)

This article describes a novel method of urea and ammonia removal using microencapsulated, genetically engineered Escherichia coli DH5 cells. Optimization of bacterial cell encapsulation was carried out. The optimal method consists of alginate 2.00% (w/v) at a flow rate of 0.0724 mL/min and a coaxial air flow rate of 2.00 L/min. This produces spherical, alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules of an average 500 +/- 45 mum diameter. Increasing the concentration of alginate from 1.00% to 1.75% improves the quality of the microcapsules, while cell viability remains unaffected. The APA microcapsules are mechanically stable up to 210-rpm agitation with no bacterial cell leakage. The in vitro performance of urea and ammonia removal by encapsulated bacteria is assessed. One hundred milligrams of bacterial cells in APA microcapsules, in their log phase state of growth, can lower 87.89 +/- 2.25% of the plasma urea within 20 min and 99.99% in 30 min. The same amount of encapsulated bacteria can also lower ammonia from 975.14 +/- 70.15 muM/L to 81.151 +/- 7.37 muM/L in 30 min. There are no significant differences in depletion profiles by free and encapsulated bacteria for urea and ammonia removal. This novel approach using microencapsulated, genetically engineered E. coli cells is significantly more efficient than presently available methods of urea and ammonia removal. For instance, it is 30 times more efficient than the standard urease-ammonium adsorbent system. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bragg reflection from cholesteric liquid crystals (1995)

In this paper we discuss the optical reflective properties of single and multidomain cholesteric liquid crystals both experimentally and theoretically. The multidomain system has been prepared by dispersing a low concentration of polymer in a cholesteric liquid crystal. This results in a (passive) bistable colorful reflective display. Here we discuss the role of the polymer in altering the reflective properties in regard to their spectra and viewing characteristics. Theoretically we offer an application of the well known Berreman method [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 502 (1972)] suitable for systems composed of an ensemble of uncorrelated domains, each of which is composed of the same dielectric anisotropy, however with its own local orientation. Using this technique the reflective properties of a cholesteric liquid crystal possessing a distribution in the orientation of the helix axes are simulated. We furthermore illustrate how a small fluctuation in the pitch from one domain to another significantly reduces any interference fringes. From these simulations we will show how experimentally by using a polymer network one may control the extent to which the orientation of the helix axes are distributed.
Laser-induced nuclear physics and applications (2002)

reating a bow wave ... a bunch of high velocity electrons creates T his story started nearly fourteen years ago when two of us KWDL and RPS were discussing with Joe Magill (Karlsruhe) the seminal theoretical paper by Boyer, Luc and Rhodes (1988) on the possibility of using a high intensity focused laser beam (10 21 Wcm-2 and 248 nm) to induce fission in 2311U.
[Distinguishing Chinese medicinal herbs by chemical oscillating fingerprints]. (2004)

Chemical oscillating fingerprints can be used to distinguish Chinese medicinal herbs.
Characteristics Analysis and Testing of SMA Spring Actuator (2013)

The biasing form two-way shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator composed of SMA spring and steel spring is analyzed. Based on the force equilibrium equation, the relationship between load capacity of SMA spring and geometric parameters is established. In order to obtain the characteristics of SMA spring actuator, the output force and output displacement of SMA spring under different temperatures are analyzed by the theoretical model and the experimental method. Based on the shape memory effect of SMA, the relationship of the SMA spring actuator's output displacement with the temperature, the stress and strain, the material parameters, and the size parameters is established. The results indicate that the trend of theoretical results is basically consistent with the experimental data. The output displacement of SMA spring actuator is increased with the increasing temperature.
The epidemiologic, pathologic, biomechanical, and cinematographic analysis of football-induced cervical spine trauma (1990)

Epidemiologic, pathologic, biomechanical, and cinematographic data on head and neck injuries occurring in tackle football have been compiled since 1971 by the National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry. Preliminary analysis performed in 1975 indicated that the majority of serious cervical spine football injuries were caused by axial loading. Based on this observation, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and National Federation of High School Athletic Associations (NFHSAA) implemented rule changes banning "spearing" and the use of the top of the helmet as the initial point of contact in striking an opponent during a tackle or block. Between 1976 and 1987, as a result of these rule changes, the Registry has documented a dramatic decrease in both the total number of cervical spine injuries and those resulting in quadriplegia at both the high school and college level. It is suggested that development and implementation of similar preventative measures based on clearly defined injury mechanisms would decrease injury rates in diving, rugby, ice hockey, trampolining, wrestling, and other high-risk sports as well.
Enhanced Chase Combining HARQ With ICI and IAI Mitigation for MIMO-OFDM Systems (2009)

Based on the basic principle of spread spectrum systems, this paper proposes a hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) scheme with interference mitigation for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed hybrid media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) design orthogonally spreads signals in the transmission domain to separate the desired signals from interferences. It not only improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but also suppresses intercarrier interference (ICI) and interantenna interference (IAI). Almost without increasing complexity, mathematical analyses and numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional Chase combining HARQ.
Novel Antenna-in-Package Design in LTCC for Single-Chip RF Transceivers (2008)

An antenna-in-package (AiP) design offers an elegant antenna solution to modern single-chip RF transceivers. The AiP design that integrates an antenna or antennas with a single-chip RF transceiver die into a standard surface mounted device represents an innovative and important development in the miniaturization of radio systems in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel AiP design in low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology for single-chip RF transceivers operating in the 5-GHz band. First, we focus on the design of a microstrip line antenna on an LTCC substrate. Then, a double-resonance technique and a meshed ground plane are proposed to enhance the impedance bandwidth of the microstrip line antenna. Next, the microstrip line antenna is integrated into the novel AiP with emphasis on feeding the microstrip line antenna using the packaging elements of the carried single-chip RF transceiver die. After that, a unique AiP design which supports the operation of differential signal to suit the mainstream design of single-chip RF transceivers in a differential architecture is described. Finally, the performance of the original AiP design is verified by experimental results.
Quetiapine augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2002)

The augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) with atypical antipsychotics for the management of treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is gaining increasing acceptance. Quetiapine is a novel antipsychotic which is well tolerated, and which may therefore be particularly useful in this context. Charts of all patients treated in our OCD clinic with the combination of an SRI and quetiapine were reviewed. Demographic details and clinical symptoms on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) were tabulated before and after augmentation. Eight OCD patients who had proven resistance to treatment with SRIs had received quetiapine augmentation. Four of these eight patients were responders (CGI of 1 or 2) within 4 weeks. In the treatment-responders, the medication was well tolerated. Although limited by the retrospective design and lack of controls, these data are consistent with the growing literature suggesting that approximately one-half of OCD patients resistant to treatment with SRIs may respond to augmentation with an atypical antipsychotic. Quetiapine, a relatively well tolerated agent, deserves further controlled study in this context.