gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal catheter insertion via seated lumbar puncture using a massage chair (2002)

Spinal catheter insertion may be used for the diagnosis of adult hydrocephalus.1,2⇓ The procedure requires lumbar puncture (LP) in the lateral decubitus or seated positions.3-5⇓⇓ Because adult hydrocephalus predominantly affects persons 60 to 90 years old, LP in the lateral decubitus position can be difficult because it is hard for patients to maintain proper position.3

LP with patients in the seated position are often difficult because of the lack of a stable, safe platform for the patient. A common technique, although apparently undocumented in peer-reviewed literature, is to have the patient sit on the edge of the bed while leaning on an over-bed table with a pillow on it. Although this approach may improve flexion of the lumbosacral spine, it carries the risk that the wheeled over-bed table can move forward, potentially causing the patient to fall, or sideways, potentially misaligning the spine. This technique requires the assistance of additional persons to maintain the patient’s position, prevent …
Estrategias para hacer de la experiencia investigativa un proceso formativo (2001)

Las siguientes palabras anuncian una cierta sensibilidad personal hacia el problema de cómo llevar a efecto, con los estudiantes, un proceso formativo que tiene un componente alto en investigación; sin embargo, una honradez elemental exige que señalemos desde el principio lo que deben estas palabras a ciertos autores contemporáneos y clásicos: Jorge Larrosa, Gastón Bachelard, Federico Netzsche y Séneca.La experiencia de la investigación, sea a través de la participación en semilleros de investigación, en la integración en proyectos desarrollados con docentes, como eje transversal del plan de estudios, como requisito para obtener el grado profesional, entre otros, debe encarnar procesos formativoshacia la transformación en la manera como nos relacionamos con la vida.
The potential of mifepristone (RU‐486) as an emergency contraceptive drug (2005)

The potential of mifepristone to be an emergency contraceptive is reviewed. Mifepristone prevents 92-100% of pregnancies with an acceptable side-effect profile on oral intake of a 10-600-mg dose within 72 h of unprotected intercourse. A single dose of 10 mg mifepristone resulted in a pregnancy rate of 1.5%, similar to a 1.5-mg single dose or two doses of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel 12 h apart, administered within 120 h (current standard) of unprotected sexual intercourse. Mifepristone and levonorgestrel do not differ in efficacy as emergency contraceptives. The mode of action of emergency contraception (EC) with mifepristone or levonorgestrel is primarily associated with inhibition of ovulation rather than prevention of implantation. Different doses of mifepristone appear to have similar effects. However, delay in the onset of subsequent menstruation caused by mifepristone is dose dependent and is reduced with a lower dose without affecting its efficacy. Patient acceptability of mifepristone as EC is high. However, the optimum standard dose of mifepristone is yet to be established for its application as an effective and acceptable emergency contraceptive drug for ordinary clinical use or practice.
Orthomin, an Iterative Method for Solving Sparse Sets of Simultaneous Linear Equations (1976)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract An iterative method is proposed for the inversion of sparse band-structured matrices of the type that are common in numerical reservoir simulators. The method utilizes orthogonalizations and minimizations to achieve a fast convergence rate. Tests have shown that the method is highly competitive compared with other iterative techniques. The rate of convergence is insensitive to the use of iteration parameters, non-symmetry of the matrix, and ratios of off-diagonal bands in symmetrical matrices. 1. Introduction A time-consuming part of the calculation in numerical reservoir simulators is the inversion of a large set of simultaneous linear equations. (1) For example when effecting a solution by the Implicit Potential - Explicit Saturation method x would represent the pressure or potential field, whilst A would be a matrix of transmissibility coefficients describing the interflow of fluids between grid blocks. In the common finite difference approaches, A is a sparse banded matrix, as depicted in figure 1 for a five-point finite difference representation of a two dimensional system. Often, the diagonal element of A is approximately equal to the negative sum of the off-diagonal elements in a given row. Because of the sparseness of A, iterative methods appear at first sight attractive compared with direct methods. However, specialized direct routines with increased efficiency have become available in recent years. Of the iterative methods SIP (strongly implicit procedure) is possibly the most widely used. SIP has the possibly the most widely used. SIP has the disadvantage that its convergence rate depends strongly on a set of iteration parameters whose optimal values can be difficult to find. A new highly competitive iterative method for symmetric matrices, a minimization process conceptually based on the conjugate-gradient technique, has lately been developed. The numerical examples and proofs quoted in reference 4 indicate that minimization processes can be expected to offer the following advantages: Convergence more readily guaranteed. No need for iteration parameters. Insensitivity to number of equations. Insensitivity to transmissibility ratios (the ratios of the off-diagonal bands in figure 1).
Can coelenterates make coelenterazine? Dietary requirement for luciferin in cnidarian (2001)

In the calcium-activated photoprotein aequorin, light is producedby the oxidation of coelenterazine, the luciferin used by at leastseven marine phyla. However, despite extensive research on pho-toproteins, there has been no evidence to indicate the origin ofcoelenterazine within the phylum Cnidaria. Here we report thatthe hydromedusa
Can Pyrophoric Materials Form in Oil Tankers with Inert Gas Fire Protection Systems. (1977)

A literature study and analysis was made concerning the potential hazard of pyrophoric ignition of flammable vapors in oil tankers with inert gas systems (IGS). Only two pyrophor possibilities seem to be likely: Formation of ferrous sulfide (FeS) and/or ferrous oxide (FeO). Both FeS and FeO may be formed in an oxygen limited atmosphere, such as would be the case with a flue gas IGS. Formation of FeS also requires an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as would be the condition with 'sour' crudes, so that the hazard of the formation of pyrophoric FeS must be considered for such crudes. Furthermore, if sea water is present in the oil tank, oils which do not contain H2S can become 'sour' by the action of sulfate reducing bacteria on sulfates in the water. It is concluded that in the event of failure of an IGS system, the ullage space should not be exposed to air suddenly. (Author)
Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Building HVAC Systems (2010)

Building HVAC systems account for more than 30% of annual energy consumption in United States. However, it has become apparent that only in a small percentage of buildings do HVAC systems work efficiently or in accordance with design intent. Studies have shown that operational faults are one of the main reasons for the inefficient performance of these systems. It is estimated that an energy saving of 5 to 15 percent is achievable simply by fixing faults and optimizing building control systems.In spite of good progress in recent years, methods to manage faults in building HVAC systems are still generally undeveloped; in particular, there is still a lack of reliable, affordable, and scalable solutions to manage faults in HVAC systems. Modeling limitations, measurement constraints, and the complexity of concurrent faults have made the diagnosis of these problems as much an art as a science. The challenge is how to evaluate system performance within the boundaries defined by such limitations.This thesis focuses on a number of issues that, in our opinion, are crucial to the development of reliable and scalable diagnostic solutions for building HVAC systems. Diagnostic complexity due to modeling and measurement constraints, the pro-activeness of diagnostic mechanisms, bottom-up versus top-down diagnostic perspectives, diagnosis-ability, and the correlation between measurement constraints and diagnostic capability will be discussed in detail.We will develop model-based and non-model-based diagnostic algorithms that have the capability of dealing with modeling and measurement constraints more effectively. We will show how the effect of measurement constraints can be traced to the information entropy of diagnostics assessments and how this can lead to a framework optimizing the architecture of sensor networks from the diagnostic perspective. In another part of this study, we focus on proactive diagnostics. In the past, the topic of proactive fault diagnostics has not been given enough attention, even though the capability of conducting and supervising automated proactive testing is essential in terms of being able to replace manual troubleshooting with automated solutions. We will show how a proactive testing problem can be formulated as a decision making problem coupled with a Bayesian network diagnostic model. The algorithms presented in this thesis have been implemented and tested in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) using real and synthetic data.
Active visual tracking of free-swimming robotic fish based on automatic recognition (2014)

Implementing automatic visual tracking for underwater robots often remains a great challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate an active visual tracking case with a free-swimming robotic fish by use of a combination of TI DM3730-centered embedded hardware and software. Specifically, automatic recognition algorithms mainly involving color-based identification and shape-based identification are proposed. In parallel with the enhanced target recognition, an improved real-time location method based on the weighed histogram representation of the target model that synthesizes the CAMSHIFT algorithm and the Kalman filter, is put forward. After that, a fuzzy logic controller based on the CPG model is employed to generate control signals related to the desired target. Aquatic experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Hydrostatic and central venous pressure measurement by the IVAC 560 infusion pump. (1985)

The IVAC Variable Pressure Volumetric Pump, Model 560, was evaluated for hydrostatic and central venous pressure (CVP) measurement. In bench tests, 4 per cent of IVAC systems failed a +/- 2 mm Hg accuracy test. When measurements were inaccurate, errors were small (SD = 0.49 mm Hg). In simultaneous clinical measurements with a standard electronic transducer system, the correlation coefficient between the IVAC and transducer measurements was 0.95. A potential drawback of the IVAC 560 for CVP measurement is the lack of waveform display. The IVAC system is simple to operate and less expensive per use than the standard electronic system.
Synergistic antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide against Enterococcus faecalis (2013)

The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of common root canal irrigants with a combination technique against intratubular Enterococcus faecalis. Seventy-five human single-rooted teeth were selected and their crowns and root-ends were removed to obtain specimens 5 mm in length. The specimens were contaminated with E. faecalis and divided into five experimental groups (n = 15). These groups were irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), CHX/H2O2 and sterile saline (control). Surface and deep dentinal chips were collected for each sample. After incubation, the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). In the surface dentin, CHX, NaOCl, and CHX/H2O2 had significantly higher antibacterial activity than H2O2 (P < 0.05). In the deep dentin, NaOCl and CHX/H2O2 had significantly higher antibacterial activity than CHX and H2O2 (P < 0.05). CHX/H2O2 had similar antibacterial effectiveness to NaOCl in both surface and deep dentinal tubules. This combination can be considered a potentially useful irrigant for root canal treatment.
Principle and Applications of Double-beam Laser Photoacoustic Spectrometer of High Signal-noise Ratio (2003)

As a rising measuring technique, the photoacoustic spectroscopy ( PAS) has many advantages over other classical measuring technology.The doublebeam laser photoacoustic spectrometer presented in this paper has two photoacoustic cells used to contain the test specimen and the reference specimen. The ratio of the two specimens photoacoustic signals is the devices output,And it can be used to study the property of the test specimen . For based on ratio approach, this system decreases the influence of the background noise effectively, increases the signalnoise ratio,and makes PAS can be used more widely. This paper also introduces some applications of this photoacoustic spectrometer.
A scanned microfocused neutral beam for use in secondary ion mass spectrometry (1986)

The construction of a gun capable of producing a microfocused (FWHM=5 μm) beam of Ar atoms at 10 keV for use in secondary electron and SIMS imaging of insulating samples is described. The design is based on the principle of neutralizing an ion beam by charge transfer subsequent to rastering and microfocusing, and therefore utilizes a final focusing lens with long working distance (60 mm). Neutral beam intensities of up to 20% of the focused ion beam can be produced. The performance of the gun is illustrated by secondary-electron and secondary-ion images of insulators.
Adverse Effect of Porcine Collagen Interposition after Trapeziectomy a Comparative Study (2001)

Twenty-six hands in 26 adults with osteoarthrosis of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint were randomised to undergo either trapeziectomy alone (control) or with the interposition of porcine dermal collagen xenograft (Permacol). The study was terminated prematurely because of apparent reactions to the implants in six of 13 patients. The collagen interposition group required more frequent review on clinical grounds and were discharged later after surgery. Three of the implants have been removed and histology revealed foreign body reactions in all. There was no difference in thumb movement or power after surgery between the two groups. However, improved grip strength was observed and improved function were reported only in the control group. Permacol patients reported greater pain and were less satisfied with their operations than control patients. We conclude that interposition of Permacol is detrimental to the results of trapeziectomy.
Determination of mizoribine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (2006)

AIM:To establish a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method to determine the concentration of mizoribine in human plasma.METHODS:Plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation. Separation was carried out on the column of Phenomenex Luna NH_2(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)at 30℃.The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitril:methanol:0.1% trifluoroacetic acid(85:5:10,V:V:V)pumped at a flow rate of 1.5mL·min~(-1).UV detection wavelength was set at 280nm.RESULTS:The intrinsic impurity of plasma and commonly administrated drugs did not interfere with the determination of the analyte.The linear range of mizoribine was 0.1-10mg·L~(-1).The precision of inter-day and intra-day were less than 9%.The stability of unprocessed and processed samples stored at 4℃was good.After 3 cycles of freeze and thaw processes,the plasma samples were stable.CONCLUTION:The established HPLC method is fast,sensitive,and accurate and can be applied to the clinical pharmacokinetics research and routine therapeutic drug monitoring.
Overview and Analysis of the SOLDIER Satellite Concept for Removal of Space Debris (2010)

The risk of orbital debris has been highlighted as a major forthcoming issue for space vehicle safety and operations. NASA estimates that in order to keep the risk of orbital debris from escalating, five derelict satellites must be safely removed from low Earth orbit (LEO) every year. At the same time, space situational awareness (SSA) is also identified as a needed capability in the maturation of modern space systems, in order to track and monitor debris as well as security related monitoring. To these ends the Satellite for OrbitaL Debris Identification, Evaluation, and Removal (SOLDIER) was designed as a concept vehicle to respond to these growing needs. The SOLDIER vehicle is a small one-time use satellite, which is launched to target a single derelict satellite, performs close proximity operations around the target satellite, attaches to the target using a tethered lance and then re-enters with the attached target to dispose of it safely. This paper will cover the general design of the SOLDIER concept, its primary functionality as a ‘large category orbital debris remover’, and its secondary functionality as a space situational awareness test-bed and proximity operations technology developer. This paper will also address the concept of operations (CONOPS) for a typical SOLDIER mission and the primary drivers for this design. This will include the economic rationale for using this system and the possible business case that this entails, the technology development needs to make SOLDIER or a similar concept a viable system. Also, the issue of capturing a rotating targets will be investigated.
Astrocytic factors protect neuronal integrity and reduce microglial activation in an <i>in vitro</i> model of <i>N</i>‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate‐induced excitotoxic injury in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (2001)

Acute CNS lesions lead to neuronal injury and a parallel glial activation that is accompanied by the release of neurotoxic substances. The extent of the original neuronal damage can therefore be potentiated in a process called secondary damage. As astrocytes are known to secrete immunomodulatory and neuroprotective substances, we investigated whether astrocytic factors can attenuate the amount of neuronal injury as well as the degree of microglial activation in a model of excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Treatment of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) resulted in a reproducible loss of viable granule cells, partial destruction of the regular hippocampal cytoarchitecture and a concomitant accumulation of amoeboid microglial cells at sites of neuronal damage. Astrocyte-conditioned media reduced the amount of NMDA-induced neuronal injury by 45.3%, diminished the degree of microglial activation and resulted in an improved preservation of the hippocampal cytoarchitecture. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta failed to act as a neuroprotectant and even enhanced the amount of neuronal injury by 52.5%. Direct effects of astrocytic factors on isolated microglial cells consisted of increased microglial ramification and down-regulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, whereas incubation with TGF-beta had no such effects. In summary, our findings show that hitherto unidentified astrocyte-derived factors that are probably not identical with TGF-beta can substantially enhance neuronal survival, either by eliciting direct neuroprotective effects or by modulating the microglial response to neuronal injury.
Marburg and Ebola Viruses as Aerosol Threats (2004)

Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the genus Filovirus in the family Filoviridae. There has been considerable media attention and fear generated by outbreaks of filoviruses because they can cause a severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome that has a rapid onset and high mortality. Although they are not naturally transmitted by aerosol, they are highly infectious as respirable particles under laboratory conditions. For these and other reasons, filoviruses are classified as category A biological weapons. However, there is very little data from animal studies with aerosolized filoviruses. Animal models of filovirus exposure are not well characterized, and there are discrepancies between these models and what has been observed in human outbreaks. Building on published results from aerosol studies, as well as a review of the history, epidemiology, and disease course of naturally occurring outbreaks, we offer an aerobiologist's perspective on the threat posed by aerosolized filoviruses.
Application of Low Copy Number STR Typing to the Identification of Aged, Degraded Skeletal Remains* (2007)

Low copy number (LCN) STR typing was successfully applied to four interesting cases during developmental validation of the approach for degraded skeletal remains. Specific questions were addressed in each case, with the acquisition of STR data largely serving as additional confirmatory or investigatory information in any specific situation, and not necessarily providing the definitive evidence to establish identity. The cases involve missing U.S. service members from World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. The variety of these cases, in terms of the questions addressed, the age of the remains, and the type of reference material available for comparison, demonstrates the broad utility of LCN STR typing in the identification of degraded skeletal remains from missing persons.
Efficient in situ detection of mRNAs using the Chlorella virus DNA ligase for padlock probe ligation (2016)

Padlock probes are single-stranded DNA molecules that are circularized upon hybridization to their target sequence by a DNA ligase. In the following, the circulated padlock probes are amplified and detected with fluorescently labeled probes complementary to the amplification product. The hallmark of padlock probe assays is a high detection specificity gained by the ligation reaction. Concomitantly, the ligation reaction is the largest drawback for a quantitative in situ detection of mRNAs due to the low affinities of common DNA or RNA ligases to RNA-DNA duplex strands. Therefore, current protocols require that mRNAs be reverse transcribed to DNA before detection with padlock probes. Recently, it was found that the DNA ligase from Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1) is able to efficiently ligate RNA-splinted DNA. Hence, we designed a padlock probe assay for direct in situ detection of mRNAs using the PBCV-1 DNA ligase. Experimental single-cell data were used to optimize and characterize the efficiency of mRNA detection with padlock probes. Our results demonstrate that the PBCV-1 DNA ligase overcomes the efficiency limitation of current protocols for direct in situ mRNA detection, making the PBCV-1 DNA ligase an attractive tool to simplify in situ ligation sequencing applications.