gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sythesis of methylthiomaleimides for the preparation of pyridazines and related comopounds (2002)

Abstract New functionalized maleimides (3‐methylthio‐2,5‐dioxo‐1 H ‐pyrroles) were obtained by the reaction of ketene dithioacetals with nitromethane or the reaction of nitro ketene dithioacetal with active methylene compounds in the presence of the appropriate base in dimethyl sulfoxide followed by treatment with methanol. These nakeunudes reacted with various nucleophilic reagents such as election‐rich aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds like dialkylanilines, aminophenols, indoles, indolizines, and cyalazines to give the corresponding 3‐aryl‐ or heteroaryl‐ 1 H ‐pyrole‐2,5‐diones. Styryl and merocyanie dyes, and polycyclic pyridazine‐diones as chemiluminophors and succinimides were also obtained from these maleimides with good results.
Tradeoff between client and server transaction validation in mobile environment (2002)

With the rapid proliferation of mobile devices and services, efficient support for mobile transactions has become extremely important. As locking based pessimistic approaches to concurrency control have been known to be not very suitable for the mobile environment, many optimistic concurrency control schemes have been proposed to date, of which the broadcast certification based approach is of special interest because of its simplicity and its efficient use of the downlink bandwidth. The authors propose modifications to the broadcast certification based protocol and show, using simulation results, how useful tradeoffs can be obtained between client side and server side validation, resulting in optimal performance.
Steel Wire (1990)

Abstract This article begins with an overview of steel wire configurations and sizes followed by a discussion on various wiremaking practices. The wiredrawing operation is discussed, including cleaning, die design, use of lubricants and welds, finishes, coating, and thermal treatments. Metallic coatings can be applied to wire by various methods, including hot dip processes, electrolytic process, and metal cladding by rolling metallic strip over the wire. These wires are normally grouped into broad usage categories. These categories, as well as some items in each category, are described in the article under their quality descriptions or commodity names. These include low-carbon steel wire for general usage, wire for structural applications, wire for packaging and container applications, wire for prestressed concrete, wire for electrical or conductor applications, rope wire, mechanical spring wire for general use, wire for fasteners, mechanical spring wire for special applications, upholstery spring construction wire, and alloy wire.
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Relationship with Diagnostic Challenge (2014)

Chronic kidney disease and upper tract urothelial carcinomas display a bidirectional relationship. Review of the literature indicates that early diagnosis and correct localization of upper tract urothelial carcinomas in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients are important but problematic. Urine cytology and cystoscopy have limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinomas in dialysis patients. Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could prove useful for the detection and staging of upper tract urothelial carcinomas in dialysis patients. Renal ultrasound can detect hydronephrosis caused by upper tract urothelial carcinomas in kidney transplant recipients but cannot visualize the carcinomas themselves. High detection rates for upper tract urothelial carcinomas in kidney transplant recipients have recently been demonstrated using computed tomography urography, which appears to be a promising tool. To detect carcinomas in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients as early as possible, regular screening in asymptomatic patients and diagnostic work-up in symptomatic patients should be performed using a combination of urological and imaging methods. Careful assessment of subsequent recurrence within the contralateral upper urinary tract and the urinary bladder is necessary for dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients with upper tract urothelial carcinomas.
A method of interactive visualization of CAD surface models on a color video display (1981)

To introduce rendered surface display technology into the production design environment, many CAD operations envision a single color video display device for download processing of selected model pictures. Creation of a single image from a typical industrial CAD model involving a large number of higher order curved surfaces will normally require a minimum of several minutes' delay for data acquisition and visible surface computation. This paper describes a method that extends the visible surface operation to give the designer an interactive tool with which he can more effectively comprehend model composition. Instead of defining data for a single image, an intermediate three-dimensional structured file is created. A tailored display program manipulates the structured data file allowing a user to interactively create surface rendered images. Program capabilities include: • Section and cutaway viewing • Selected surface color, transparency, or translucency • Shadows projected from desired light-source locations Changing or combining any of these facilities requires only seconds for a new image to be created.
Causality-based cost-effective action mining (2013)

In many business contexts, the ultimate goal of knowledge discovery is not the knowledge itself, but putting it to use. Models or patterns found by data mining methods often require further post-processing to bring this about. For instance, in churn
Universal relationship between optical emission and absorption of complex systems: An alternative approach (1996)

Analyses based on the theories of Kennard and of Stepanov (KS) often claim to support an assumption that emitting manifolds associated with excited electronic states are in thermal equilibrium. KS predict a certain linear F(\ensuremath{\nu}) with slope -h/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{BT}}$, where T is ambient temperature. Variation in T*(\ensuremath{\nu})=-(h/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$)/(dF/d\ensuremath{\nu}) reveals the likelihood of extensive excited-state nonequilibration. T*(\ensuremath{\nu}), not necessarily an actual temperature, reduces to T under fast relaxation. Its observed variation in certain systems can be modeled with coupled submanifolds far from the equilibrium envisaged by KS. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Modelling of an actuated elastic swimmer (2017)

We study the force production dynamics of undulating elastic plates as a model for fish-like inertial swimmers. Using a beam model coupled with Lighthill’s large-amplitude elongated-body theory, we explore different localised actuations at one extremity of the plate (heaving, pitching and a combination of both) in order to quantify the reactive and resistive contributions to the thrust. The latter has the form of a quadratic drag in large Reynolds number swimmers and has recently been pointed out as a crucial element in the thrust force balance. We validate the output of a weakly nonlinear solution to the fluid–structure model using thrust force measurements from an experiment with flexible plates subjected to the three different actuation types. The model is subsequently used in a self-propelled configuration – with a skin friction model that balances thrust to produce a constant cruising speed – to map the reactive versus resistive thrust production in a parameter space defined by the aspect ratio and the actuation frequency. We show that this balance is modified as the frequency of excitation changes and the response of the elastic plate shifts between different resonant modes, the pure heaving case being the most sensitive to the modal response with drastic changes in the reactive/resistive contribution ratio along the frequency axis. We analyse also the role of the phase lag between the heaving and pitching components in the case of combined actuation, showing in particular a non-trivial effect on the propulsive efficiency.
Propellant Perforation Breakdown Technique: Eastern Venezuela Field Applications (2003)

Abstract PDVSA operates the RG-231 and AM-102 wells, located in eastern Venezuela. The wells are characterized by stratified reservoirs and complex geology due to the presence of low permeability and porosity. The RG-231 well is in a gas reservoir with extremely low permeability (less than 0.02 md). During a well-testing operation, additional perforations were added to increase gas production. The AM-102 well was in an oil reservoir. To effectively meet the operator’s needs for a method that would help to optimize well productivity and costs without compromising the results of the operation, a change from traditional perforating operations was required. A propellant-assisted perforating method to optimize well productivity while maintaining stringent health, safety and environmental standards was proposed. The propellant-assisted perforating method uses standard perforating components and procedures; thus, it was capable of providing the necessary safety features. The propellant is essentially an oxidizer that creates carbon dioxide gas at extremely high peak pressures in the millisecond time regime to overcome in-situ stresses and create perforation breakdown and mild fracturing near the wellbore. This paper will focus on the method developed to satisfy the operational challenges specific to the PDVSA wells. The discussion will cover the results obtained by using propellant technology in a low-permeability, low-porosity reservoir as well as how the technique was capable of addressing the operator’s requirements in data acquisition as well as the difficult reservoir conditions. Instrumental in the success of the methodology was the combined use of super-deep penetration technology and propellant assisted perforation.
In vitro studies of the initiation of staphylococcal plasmid replication. Specificity of RepD for its origin (oriD) and characterization of the Rep-ori tyrosyl ester intermediate. (1990)

Several staphylococcal plasmids from different incompatibility (inc) groups which replicate by a rolling circle mechanism each specify a replication initiator protein (Rep) which is homologous with that of the inc3 tetracycline resistance plasmid pT181. The rep gene sequences of six pT181-like plasmids are known, each encoding proteins of molecular mass 38 kDa with 62% overall amino acid sequence identity. The initiation of replication in vivo by each of the Rep proteins is plasmid specific, acting in trans only at the cognate replication origin (ori) of the encoding plasmid. Previous studies in vitro of the RepC protein of pT181 demonstrated replication initiator, topoisomerase-like, and DNA binding activities, which appeared to be specific for the origin (oriC) of pT181 when compared with unrelated staphylococcal plasmids. Although RepD, specified by the inc4 chloramphenicol resistance plasmid pC221, has a range of activities similar to those noted previously for RepC, manipulation of in vitro conditions has revealed discrete steps in the overall reaction of RepD with oriD. In addition, factors have been identified which are necessary not only for sequence-dependent discrimination in vitro by Rep proteins for all pT181-like plasmids but also for the absolute specificity of RepD for its cognate pC221 replication origin (oriD), the latter occurring in vivo and a function of the topological state of the ori-containing target DNA. Here we also demonstrate the presence of a covalent phosphoryl-tyrosine linkage between the RepD protein of plasmid pC221 and an oligonucleotide substrate corresponding to its replication origin (oriD). The reactive tyrosine (Tyr-188) was identified from amino acid sequences of 32P-labeled peptide-oligonucleotide fragments. Substitution of Tyr-188 with phenylalanine confirms the importance of the tyrosyl hydroxyl group since the Y188F protein retains the sequence-specific DNA-binding capabilities of wild-type RepD but is unable to attach covalently to the replication origin or participate in the nicking-closing reaction in vitro.
Characterization of Lanthanide Ions Binding Sites in the Cell Wall of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

Earlier studies have shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa can adsorb selectively La3+, Eu3+, and Yb3+ from aqueous solution. These bacterial cells may find promising applications for removal and separation of lanthanide ions from contaminated effluents. In this work, potentiometric titrations and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to determine the binding sites of the biomass and, consequently, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the biosorption of lanthanide ions. Around 90 ± 5% of the adsorbed lanthanum was easily desorbed with an EDTA 0.1 M solution. In most instances, lanthanides seemed to concentrate extracellularly. The diversity of potential metal-binding groups was revealed by potentiometric titrations of the biomass. The amount of strong and weaker acidic functional groups in the wet biomass was estimated at 0.24 ± 0.04 and 0.86 ± 0.02 mequiv/g, respectively. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy on europium-loaded P. aeruginosa biomass suggests that europium binding occurs mostly through carboxyl and phosphate groups.
<b>Chemistry of Alkoxy Radicals: Cleavage Reactions</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Alkoxy Radicals: Cleavage ReactionsJay K. KochiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 7, 1193–1197Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00866a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00866a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1531Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic Transparency for 3D Visualization: Design and Evaluation (2009)

Recent developments in occlusion management for 3D environments often involve the use of dynamic transparency, or "virtual X-ray vision", to promote target discovery and access in complex 3D worlds. However, there are many different approaches to achieving this effect and their actual utility for the user has yet to be evaluated. Furthermore, the introduction of semitransparent surfaces adds additional visual complexity that may actually have a negative impact on task performance. In this paper, we report on an empirical user study investigating these human aspects of dynamic transparency. Our implementation of the technique is an image-space algorithm built using modern programmable shaders to achieve real-time performance and visually pleasing results. Results from the user study indicate that dynamic transparency provides superior performance for perceptual tasks in terms of both efficiency and correctness. Subjective ratings are also firmly in favor of the method.
Cathodoluminescence nano-characterization of semiconductors (2011)

We give an overview of the use of cathodoluminescence (CL) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the nano-scale characterization of semiconducting materials and devices. We discuss the technical aspects of the measurement, such as factors limiting the spatial resolution and design considerations for efficient collection optics. The advantages of more recent developments in the technique are outlined, including the use of the hyperspectral imaging mode and the combination of CL and other SEM-based measurements. We illustrate these points with examples from our own experience of designing and constructing CL systems and applying the technique to the characterization of III-nitride materials and nanostructures.
Phosphorylation of the Mitotic Regulator Protein Hec1 by Nek2 Kinase Is Essential for Faithful Chromosome Segregation (2002)

Hec1 (highly expressed in cancer) plays essential roles in chromosome segregation by interacting through its coiled-coil domains with several proteins that modulate the G(2)/M phase. Hec1 localizes to kinetochores, and its inactivation either by genetic deletion or antibody neutralization leads to severe and lethal chromosomal segregation errors, indicating that Hec1 plays a critical role in chromosome segregation. The mechanisms by which Hec1 is regulated, however, are not known. Here we show that human Hec1 is a serine phosphoprotein and that it binds specifically to the mitotic regulatory kinase Nek2 during G(2)/M. Nek2 phosphorylates Hec1 on serine residue 165, both in vitro and in vivo. Yeast cells are viable without scNek2/Kin3, a close structural homolog of Nek2 that binds to both human and yeast Hec1. When the same yeasts carry an scNek2/Kin3 (D55G) or Nek2 (E38G) mutation to mimic a similar temperature-sensitive nima mutation in Aspergillus, their growth is arrested at the nonpermissive temperature, because the scNek2/Kin3 (D55G) mutant binds to Hec1 but fails to phosphorylate it. Whereas wild-type human Hec1 rescues lethality resulting from deletion of Hec1 in Saccharomyces cerevesiae, a human Hec1 mutant or yeast Hec1 mutant changing Ser(165) to Ala or yeast Hec1 mutant changing Ser(201) to Ala does not. Mutations changing the same Ser residues to Glu, to mimic the negative charge created by phosphorylation, partially rescue lethality but result in a high incidence of errors in chromosomal segregation. These results suggest that cell cycle-regulated serine phosphorylation of Hec1 by Nek2 is essential for faithful chromosome segregation.
Multiscale analysis of composite material reinforced by randomly-dispersed particles (2011)

A multiscale analysis method is presented in which detailed information on the microscopic level is incorporated into macroscopic models capable of simulating damage evolution and ultimate failure. The composite considered is reinforced by randomly-dispersed particles, which reflects the statistical characteristics of real materials, such as cement-based materials. Specifically, a three-dimensional material body is decomposed into many unit cells. Each unit cell is reinforced by a cylindrical particle, the orientation of which is characterized by three Euler angles generated by the random number generator. Based on a detailed finite element analysis, the material properties of the representative volume element are obtained. As verification, the properties of the cylindrical particles are set equal to those of the matrix and the computed ‘composite’ properties reduce exactly to those of the ‘isotropic’ material, as expected. Through coordinate transformation, the effective material properties of each unit cell are calculated. The assembly of stiffness matrices of all unit cells leads to the stiffness matrix of the whole specimen. Under the simple tension loading condition, the initial damaged unit cell can be identified according to the von Mises yield criterion. The stiffness of the damaged unit cell will then be reduced to zero and it will cause stress redistribution and trigger further damage. It was found that the reinforcement is effective to mitigate and arrest the damage propagation, and therefore prolongs the material's lifetime. These results suggest that the hierarchical coupling approaches used here may be useful for material design and failure protection in composites.
Melatonin Receptor Agonists for Delirium Prevention (2016)

The routine use of melatonin receptor agonists for delirium prevention cannot be recommended at this time.
Security Issues on Cloud Computing (2013)

The Cloud Computing concept offers dynamically scalable resources provisioned as a service over the Internet.Economic benefits are the main driver for the Cloud, since it promises the reduction of capital expenditure and operational expenditure.In order for this to become reality, however, there are still some challenges to be solved. Amongst these are security and trust issues, since the user data has to be released to the Cloud and thus leaves the protection sphere of the data owner. Most of the discussions on these topics are mainly driven by arguments related to organisational means. This paper focuses on various security issues arising from the usage of Cloud services and especially by the rapid development of Cloud computing arena. It also discusses basic security model followed by various High Level Security threats in the industry.
Viral Infections in Pediatric Burn Patients (1981)

Bacterial and fungal infections are frequent complications of burns, but the frequency of viral infections has not been defined. In a retrospective survey of serum for viral antibodies in pediatric burn patients, 22% had fourfold increases in antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV); 8% had increases to herpes simplex virus and to Epstein-Barr virus; and 5% had increases to varicella-zoster virus. None of the patients had evidence of adenovirus or hepatitis B virus infection. On the basis of these observations, a prospective study of viral infections, using both serologic and viral culture techniques, was performed. This study showed that in 33% of the children CMV infection developed; in 25%, herpes simplex infection; and in 17%, adenovirus infection. In all of the most severely burned children CMV infections developed, and both primary and reactivation infections were observed. Unexplained fevers are common in pediatric burn patients, and this study shows that some of these may be due to CMV infection.
Single-Crystal 9,10-Diphenylanthracene Nanoribbons and Nanorods (2008)

Single-crystal 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) nanoribbons and nanorods with uniform sizes and shapes were synthesized via a simple surfactant-assisted self-assembly process. The shape of the as-prepared nanostructures can be readily controlled by varying the solubility of DPA in the preparation solution. A growth mechanism was proposed for the formation of different morphological structures. Crystal structure analysis demonstrated that the overlap between the two phenyl groups at the opposite positions of the anthracene backbone forms effective intermolecular linking for crystal growth, in good agreement with prediction from quantum mechanical calculations. Electronic and optical properties of the as-prepared nanostructures are investigated.