gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Template specific inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases. (1976)

A study of the inhibition of mouse cellular DNA polymerases by poly-nucleotides and their vinyl analogs is presented. Poly(dT)-directed poly(dA) synthesis by representatives of all three classes of cellular DNA polymerase could be completely inhibited by poly(9-vinyladenine), although higher concentrations were required in the case of the gamma class enzyme. Studies on the mechanism of the inhibition using the alpha class DNA polymerase and different templates showed that the enzyme activity was inhibited in all cases where base-pairing between the vinyl polymer and the template occurred; poly(9-vinyladenine) did not interfere with the replication of templates to which it does not bind. The inhibition occurred shortly after addition of poly(9-vinyladenine) to ongoing reactions, yet the enzyme was not displaced from the template - primer complex.
Electrostatic Shocks Excited by Velocity Modulation of an Ion Beam in a Plasma (2004)

Nonlinear evolutions of electrostatic shocks excited by a velocity-modulated ion beam along a magnetized plasma column are investigated by computer simulation for a Q-machine experiment. In the case of a beam velocity modulation, the perturbations grow spatially with subsequent saturation due to an ion bunching of the beam. With an increase in modulation ratio an electrostatic shock is formed, accompanied with a steepening of the propagating front. In the case of a beam density-modulation, however, the initial density jump decays simply. The velocity modulation method is quite effective for an excitation of electrostatic shocks in the Q-machine plasma with finite Landau damping. The simulation results using velocity modulation are consistent with the experimental results.
Inﬂuence of transplanting time on essential oil yield and composition in <i>Artemisia annua</i> plants grown under the climatic conditions of sub‐tropical north India (2003)

Abstract The yield and composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of inﬂorescences from different populations of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae), transplanted during different months, was analysed using a combination of GC and GC–MS. Oil yield was found to range from 0.5 to as high as 1.6% (w/v), in which 24 constituents were identiﬁed, representing 84.4–92.2% of the total oil. Camphor was identiﬁed as the most abundant component in all the samples examined, followed by 1,8‐cineole, except in June‐transplanted plants, where b‐caryophyllene was found to be the second most abundant compound. Camphor and 1,8‐cineole alone constituted 44.7–65% of the total oil. The percentage occurrence of rest of the compounds was found to vary in different populations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equalization advantages of OFFH-CDMA over WDM in EDFAs (2000)

The gain of an EDFA (erbium doped fiber amplifier) is in general wavelength-dependent, leading to different amplification levels among WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) channels. The use of Optical FFH-CDMA (fast frequency hopped code division multiple access) offers a natural diversity of wavelength, and therefore gain, thus eliminating the requirement of an equalization stage to achieve flat gain on all channels. Computer simulations are developed to analyze and compare equalization performance of these two transmission approaches (CDM and WDM) in EDFAs, especially in situations where the EDFA operating point is subject to change (i.e., variable input traffic). We find that WDM requires an equalization stage that fails when packetized traffic characteristics shift, whereas optical FFH-CDMA presents the advantage of more robust, hence truly dynamic, gain equalization.
Self-organization of a monolayer of magnetized beads (2019)

Nous présentons les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec un système modèle expérimental dédié à l’étude des structures et des transitions de phases à 2D. Le système est composé d’une monocouche de billes soft-ferromagnétiques de taille millimétrique confinées dans une cellule 2D horizontale. Les billes sont plongées dans un champ magnétique vertical et homogène qui induit une interaction dipôle-dipôle entre elles. L’effet combiné du confinement et des interactions répulsives ordonne les billes. Celles-ci sont athermales, une agitation mécanique est donc utilisée afin de leur conférer un mouvement Brownien qui crée du désordre dans le système. Ajuster l’importance relative entre les effets de l’interaction et de l’agitation permet de contrôler l’ordre du système. Grâce à ce dispositif expérimental, nous pouvons donc étudier la transition d’un état figé et très ordonné, dit cristallin, vers un état désordonné et dynamique semblable à un liquide. Nous montrons que cette transition se déroule en deux étapes, avec une phase intermédiaire appelée hexatique, comme cela est prédit par la théorie KTHNY de la fusion 2D. De plus, les structures observées sont identiques à celles obtenues à partir de systèmes colloïdaux et de simulations numériques. Notre expérience semble donc tout à fait adaptée à l’étude des systèmes 2D thermiques. Dans la suite de ce travail, nous avons décidé de nous concentrer sur l’étude des défauts topologiques car ils sont d’une importance cruciale en physique à basse dimensionnalité. Nous avons d’abord forcé les défauts topologiques dans le système en induisant une frustration venant du confinement. Nous montrons que la taille et la géométrie du confinement affectent significativement l’ordre global, ainsi que le type et le nombre de défauts observés dans le système. Ensuite, nous forçons des défauts ponctuels dans la structure en y introduisant des billes de tailles différentes, appelées impuretés. A l’échelle globale, l’augmentation du taux d’impureté permet d’empêcher la cristallisation du système. A l’échelle locale, nous observons que les impuretés induisent des frustrations géométriques très localisées, ce qui mène à l’apparition de défauts topologiques dont la nature est directement liée à la taille de l’impureté.
Shear Rate and Permeability in Water Flooding (2008)

Water breakthrough during oil recovery can be inhibited by the use of novel shear-induced structure additives. These affect the shear rate experienced by fluid inside the rock matrix. We relate this to the permeability for the purpose of applying these novel non-Newtonian materials which thicken viscosity only in the shear range associated with the permeability of the reservoir while maintaining base fluid properties outside this range.
Probing the Surface Chemistry of a Hydrated Segmented Polyurethane and a Comparison with Its Dry Surface Chemical Structure (2000)

A biochemical approach has been used to analyze the surface chemistry of a hydrated polyester−urea−urethane. Using an enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction, the surface chemistry of the polyurethane was probed by having the enzyme remove the polymer chain components making up the surface. The surface-derived products were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and product identification was carried out by mass spectrometry. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the removed surface-derived products provided the necessary information required to reconstruct the chemistry of the hydrated polymer surface. The results indicated that urethane and urea linkages were present on the hydrated surface. However, their concentrations were lower than in the bulk polymer. In addition, the ratio of urea to urethane groups was substantially reduced at the hydrated surface relative to the bulk polymer stoichiometry. The data obtained for the hydrated surface were also compared to the analysis of the dry surface, carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hydrated polymers contained higher urethane and ester groups than that shown on the dry surface. While XPS was able to identify the presence of urethane linkages on the dry surface, these could not be accurately quantified. Furthermore, the content of urea linkages could not be specifically determined by XPS because they were masked by the ester groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents. Part 12. Synthesis of Isoflavanones and 3‐Aryl‐4‐hydroxycoumarins. (1989)

Abstract The arylation of the chromanone (I) using arylbismuth reagents such as (II) gives the diphenyl derivative (III) as the exclusive or preponderant product whereas the monophenyl derivative (VIa) can be obtained as the main product from the formyl (IV) or oxalyl (VII) derivatives using, e.g., the Bi(V) species (V).
Evidencing Intermolecular Effects with Core-Level Photoelectron Spectroscopy via the Accurate Density Functional Calculation of Core−Electron Binding Energies on Model Systems: γ-APS as a Test (1997)

γ-Aminopropyltrihydroxysilane (γ-APS) is a molecule which is used as an adhesion promoter in microelectronics, for the coating of oxidized silicon wafers with polyimide films. The Si/γ-APS interface has been studied recently using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and evidenced a need for reference spectra of both γ-APS and its thermal byproducts: as γ-APS oligomerizes readily upon warming, no gas phase, reference, or XPS spectrum of this compound can be obtained experimentally. Thus, spectral features emerging from Si/γ-APS interactions are difficult to separate from structural fingerprints of γ-APS alone. This phenomenon further hinders the follow up by XPS of structural modifications the molecule undergoes upon thermal treatments. A recent procedure of computing very accurate core−electron binding energies (CEBEs) via density functional theory (DFT) is used as a guide to propose a pseudo reference spectrum. The computed CEBEs of the various core levels of the isolated molecule are found in excellent agreement with the experimental XPS spectra recorded upon spin coating the compound on a silicon wafer at room temperature, with an average absolute deviation (aad) for C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s levels of only 0.13 eV, i.e., of the order of experimental resolution. The same procedure is then conducted on isolated ionic structures presumably formed when thick γ-APS layers have undergone thermal treatment in a H2O/CO2 atmosphere. A very bad agreement is found between theory and experiment on these isolated ions, with aad's as large as 4.91 eV. Upon actually computing the CEBEs on larger molecular models in which (i) ions are paired and then in which (ii) ion pairs are further solvated by one up to four water molecules, the aad reduces to 0.31 eV. We suggest, on the instance of γ-APS, that (i) the accurate calculation of CEBEs has now come to be a tractable and reliable alternative as a hand for spectrum decomposition when gas-phase reference XPS spectra are not available for calibration and that (ii) the availability of an accurate and tractable theoretical procedure to compute CEBEs, compatible with experimental precision, enables XPS to give some information on intermolecular effects, although this spectroscopy involves core ionizations.
α-Thrombin Stimulates Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Skin Fibroblasts (1999)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is induced by various stimuli such as wounds and infection and regulates inflammatory and immunological responses. To date, we have found increased expression of MIF during the wound healing process in rat skin. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated enhanced expression of MIF in wound skin lesions. On the other hand, alpha-thrombin, a multifunctional serine protease, plays an important role in wound healing with regard to induction of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Accordingly, we examined the effect of alpha-thrombin on MIF production in human skin fibroblasts. Alpha-thrombin significantly stimulated MIF secretion into culture medium of fibroblasts quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consistent with this, we observed the upregulation of MIF mRNA in response to alpha-thrombin by Northern blot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MIF produced by fibroblasts in response to alpha-thrombin plays an important regulatory role in wound repair.
On the extraction of the threshold voltage of MOSFETs (1997)

A new method to extract the threshold voltage and the effective channel of MOSFETs, which is insensitive to the series resistances, is presented. This method, which is weakly dependent on the mobility model, is tested in circuit simulator and measurement environments.
Microfluidic droplet zooplankton feeding experimental protocol (2013)

Trabajo de Jeffrey Motschman realizado bajo la dirección del Dr.Miguel Alcaraz del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC) y del Dr. J. Rudi Strickler de la University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Time-domain simulation of variational interconnect models (2003)

Interconnect parameter variations are more significant in the nanometer regime due to the increase in relative tolerances for upcoming integration technologies. As several variability studies indicate the significant role of the interconnect on system performance, the analysis of linear models is extremely crucial. Contrary to devices, the extreme case scenarios do not apply for context-dependent interconnect, necessitating a statistical analysis framework. A previously proposed approach to represent interconnect models in terms of global interconnect parameters is necessary in such frameworks. In this paper we present efficient ways of simulating these variational interconnect models in the presence of nonlinear devices. We demonstrate our methodology by incorporating variational interconnect models into transistor-level simulation with accurate nonlinear device models.
DETECTION OF MOLECULAR IONS OF THERMALLY UNSTABLE COMPOUNDS BY IN BEAM ELECTRON IMPACT (1976)

Abstract Some remarkable characteristics of “in beam” electron impact spectra of several thermally unstable compounds have been reported. The spectra almost always exhibited the M+1 peak in place of M. Intensities of M+1 peaks of several thermally unstable compounds, of which molecular ion peaks are not observed with conventional direct inlet systems, are reported.
THE INFLUENCE OF PACATAL ON THE CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING ACTIVITY OF THE HYPOPHYSIS (1958)

It has been found that in rats under pentobarbital anaesthesia chlorpromazine inhibits the release of corticotrophin from the hypophysis during stress (Oiling & De Wied, 1956). As Pacatal, another phenothiazine derivative (Fig. 1), has pharmacological effects related to chlorpromazine (Kleinsorge, 1954, Nieschulz et al., 1954, 1955), its effect on pituitary activity during stress was investigated. Male albino rats of an inbred strain were used. The body weight varied between 130 and 230 gm. The rats were kept at an environmental temperature of 22° C and fed ad libitum on a standard diet. Corticotrophin release was tested by measuring the adrenal ascorbic acid content and the extent of the compensatory hypertrophy of one adrenal gland after removal of the other one. The ascorbic acid content was determined according to Sayers et al. (1948). All the rats were adapted to
Radiation Buildup on Stainless Steel in a Boiling Water Reactor Environment (1984)

Cobalt-60 contained in reactor water primarily causes contamination of boiling water reactor (BWR) out-of-core components. To elucidate the contamination mechanism, the deposition of radionuclides on stainless steels has been evaluated in actual reactor water at a commercially operating BWR. No significant difference was observed between Types 304 and 316L stainless steel. The deposition rate of 60Co was mainly controlled by the growth of oxide films formed on steel. The deposition kinetics of anion 51Cr was very different from that of cations 60Co and 58Co. An Arrhenius temperature dependence was established for the deposition rate of Co between 130 and 240°C.
A comparison of the noise environment in open-plan and traditional single family dwellings (1985)

The noise environment within two single family dwellings was investigated using a sound power source and sound level meter. The dwellings have three levels and are roughly the same size. One of the dwellings is an open-plan design, both within and between levels, and the other is a traditional multilevel design. Both dwellings are representative of common residential construction and neither incorporate special noise control features. Octave band pressure levels from 125 Hz to 8 kHz were measured at eight locations in each dwelling for each of three source locations. Average NC values in living areas of the traditional dwelling were found to be 7 dB less than in the open-plan dwelling. In bedroom areas, the average NC values were more than 20 dB lower in the conventional dwelling. These results are in good agreement with those of a previous study [D. K. Holger and M. S. Pickett, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 72, S91 (1982)] which concluded that boundary absorption is very important in open-plan residential design. [Work supported by the Engineering Research Institute.]
An airfoil designed for a high-altitude, long endurance remotely piloted vehicle (1987)

The preliminary design of high-altitude, long-endurance RPVs is complicated by the paucity of data concerning airfoils with high lift coefficients at low Re numbers. Attention is presently given to a generic airfoil of this type for the design Re number range of 700,000 to 2 million. Low drag is predicted for lift coefficients from 0.4 (for high speed dashes) to 1.5 (for maximum mission endurance). The airfoil is such that its maximum lift coefficient, at 1.8, is unaffected by the surface contamination that would be encountered during takeoffs and landings in rain or over insect-infested runways.
Blocking Very Late Antigen-4 Integrin Decreases Leukocyte Entry and Fatty Streak Formation in Mice Fed an Atherogenic Diet (1999)

Atherosclerotic lesion development is characterized by the recruitment of leukocytes, principally monocytes, to the vessel wall. Considerable interest has been focused on the adhesion molecule(s) involved in leukocyte/endothelial interactions. The goal of the present study was to determine the role of the very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin/ligand interaction in fatty streak development using murine models. Because alpha4 null mice are not viable, a peptidomimetic was used to block VLA-4-mediated leukocyte binding. The ability of a synthetic peptidomimetic of connecting segment-1 (CS-1 peptide) to block the recruitment of leukocytes and the accumulation of lipid in the aortic sinus of either wild-type mice (strain C57BL/6J) or mice with a low-density lipoprotein null mutation (LDLR-/-) maintained on an atherogenic diet was assessed. The active (Ac) CS-1 peptide or scrambled (Sc) CS-1 peptide was delivered subcutaneously into mice using a mini osmotic pump. Mice were exposed to the peptide for 24 to 36 hours before the onset of the atherogenic diet. In C57BL/6J mice, leukocyte entry into the aortic sinus, as assessed by en face preparations, was inhibited by the active peptide (Ac=28+/-4, Sc=54+/-6 monocytes/valve; P=0.004). Additionally, frozen sections stained with Oil Red O were analyzed to assess lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus. C57BL/6J mice that received the (Ac) compound demonstrated significantly reduced lesion areas as compared with mice that received the (Sc) peptide (Ac=4887+/-4438 microm2, Sc=15 009 +/-5619 microm2; P<0.0001). In a separate study, LDLR-/- mice were implanted with pumps containing either the (Ac) or (Sc) peptide before initiation of the atherogenic diet. Because LDLR-/- mice fed a chow diet displayed small lesions at 14 weeks, the effects of the peptide seen in these animals represented a change in early lipid accumulation rather than initiation. By using whole-mount preparations, the (Ac) but not the (Sc) peptide significantly reduced the area of lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus, resulting in an approximate 66% decrease. Plasma analysis from all studies revealed concentrations of peptide to be present at levels previously determined by in vitro analysis to block adhesion. (Ac) CS-1 peptide, which blocks VLA-4 on the leukocyte surface, is effective in reducing leukocyte recruitment and lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus. The present study provides in vivo evidence that the VLA-4 integrin plays an important role in the initiation of the atherosclerotic lesion and lipid accumulation, and it suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Characterization of a New Obligately Anaerobic Thermophile, Thermoanaerobacter wiegelii sp. nov. (1996)

An obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic Thermoanaerobacter species was isolated from a freshwater pool formed from a geothermally heated (56 to 69 degrees C) water outlet in Government Gardens, Rotorua, New Zealand. This organism was a spore-forming, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. Strain Rt8.B1T (= DSM 10319T) (T = type strain) fermented a wide variety of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides and produced ethanol, acetate, lactate, propionate, and hydrogen. Sugar alcohols were also fermented, but organic acids and amino acids were not utilized. On the basis of its morphological characteristics, DNA G + C content, obligately anaerobic, thermophilic, polysaccharolytic nature, and levels of 16S rRNA sequence homology, we propose that strain Rt8.B1T should be classified in the genus Thermoanaerobacter as a new species, Thermoanaerobacter wiegelii.
Soluble ST2 is Associated with Adverse Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure of Ischaemic Aetiology (2012)

Soluble ST2 is associated with adverse outcomes in older patients with systolic, ischaemic HF. In particular, sST2 is independently associated with worsening HF.