gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fill Estimation Algorithm for Sparse Matrices and Tensors in Blocked Formats (2018)

Many sparse matrices and tensors from a variety of applications, such as finite element methods and computational chemistry, have a natural aligned rectangular nonzero block structure. Researchers have designed high-performance blocked sparse operations which can take advantage of this sparsity structure to reduce the complexity of storing the locations of nonzeros. The performance of a blocked sparse operation depends on how well the block size reflects the structure of nonzeros in the tensor. Sparse tensor structure is generally unknown until runtime, so block size selection must be efficient. The fill is a quantity which, for some block size, relates the number of nonzero blocks to the number of nonzeros. Many performance models use the fill to help choose a block size. However, the fill is expensive to compute exactly. We present a sampling-based algorithm called Phil to estimate the fill of sparse matrices and tensors in any format. We provide theoretical guarantees for sparse matrices and tensors, and experimental results for matrices. The existing state-of-the-art fill estimation algorithm, which we will call OSKI, runs in time linear in the number of elements in the tensor. The number of samples Phil needs to compute a fill estimate is unrelated to the number of nonzeros and depends only on the order (number of dimensions) of the tensor, desired accuracy of the estimate, desired probability of achieving this accuracy, and number of considered block sizes. We compare Phil and OSKI on a suite of 42 matrices. On most inputs, Phil estimates the fill at least 2 times faster and often more than 20 times faster than OSKI. Phil consistently produced accurate estimates; in all cases that we tested Phil was faster and/or more accurate than OSKI. Finally, we find that Phil and OSKI produce comparable speedups in multicore blocked sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) when the block size was chosen using fill estimates in a model due to Vuduc et al.
InMon Corporation's sFlow: A Method for Monitoring Traffic in Switched and Routed Networks (2001)

This memo defines InMon Coporation's sFlow system.sFlow is a technology for monitoring traffic in data networks containing switches and routers.In particular, it defines the sampling mechanisms implemented in an sFlow Agent for monitoring traffic, the sFlow MIB for controlling the sFlow Agent, and the format of sample data used by the sFlow Agent when forwarding data to a central data collector.
Friction Reduction and Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Plate Heat Exchanger (1982)

Experimental results of friction factor and heat transfer coefficient are presented for the flow of drag reducing polymer solution through a plate heat exchanger. Solutions of 30, 50 and 100 ppm Polyox WSR3Ol are found to produce substantial friction reduction in the plate exchanger {formula}. Contrary to the expected reduction in heat transfer rate, no effect was observed on the heat transfer coefficient. The previously observed enhancement of heat transfer rate using solutions of Separan AP30 were not reproduced with Polyox. This is attributed to the extreme sensitivity of Polyox to shear thermal and biological degradation.
Factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis from breast carcinoma (1999)

The authors concluded that 1) most variation in axillary lymph node metastatic status can be explained by routinely available data, 2) ER and PR status may be involved in the mechanism of this behavior, and 3) the difficulty of using prediction models to avert axillary dissection should not be underestimated.
Comparative Study on Data Compression Techniques in Cache to Promote Performance (2019)

Cache memory is a small, faster memory used to store recently accessed data or neighboring data item, so that the data need not be acquired from next level memories. The use of cache memory reduces the overall memory access time. As cache memory is related to memory speeding up process, the caching process should consume less time. To speed up caching process, there are many cache optimizations available. Some of the cache optimization process are reducing miss rate, reducing miss penalty, reducing the time to hit in the cache etc. Recent advancement paved way for compressing data in cache. Through data compression in cache more data resides in cache resulting in more hit ratio. There are many cache related compression and optimization techniques available. The paper deals with some recent techniques of compression.
Early supported discharge after stroke (2007)

Patients after stroke conventionally receive much of their rehabilitation in hospital. Services have been developed that offer patients an early discharge from hospital with more rehabilitation at home (early supported discharge). This paper sets out a systematic review of all randomized trials of early supported discharge services that included 12 trials (1659 patients). There was a reduced odds of death or dependency equivalent to 5 fewer adverse outcomes (95% confidence interval 1-10) for every 100 patients receiving an early supported discharge service (p = 0.04). Patients receiving early supported discharge services showed an 8 day reduction (p < 0.0001) in the length of hospital stay. The greatest benefits were seen in the trials evaluating a co-ordinated multidisciplinary early supported discharge team and with patients with mild-moderate disability. The experience of a trial from Stockholm is described in order to explore the potential mechanism of action of early supported discharge services. In conclusion, an illustrative case report is set out, indicating a typical patient pathway in an early supported discharge service.
A study of the optical properties of the yellow-green AlGaInP and the blue-UV InGaN semiconductor materials (2002)

In this work, we study the optical properties of the 570-nm, yellow-green, AlGaInP semiconductor materials experimentally with a photoluminescence (PL) measurement system and numerically with a commercial Lastip simulation program. Specifically, the effects of the aluminum composition in wells of the AlGaInP MQW structures, the barrier height in quantum wells, the tensile strain barrier cladding (TSBC) next to the MQW region, the compensated strain in MQW, and the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) on the optical properties of the AlGaInP devices are investigated. The optical properties of the blue and ultraviolet InGaN quantum well devices have also been investigated. The effects of the indium composition in quantum well, the well width, and the bowing parameter on the optical properties of the InGaN quantum well structures are studied numerically with the Lastip simulation program.
Detection of reverse transcriptase activity in human breast tumors. (1989)

The function of reverse transcriptase (RT) in retroviruses is to copy their RNA genomes in DNA to be integrated into the host genome. We report a high purity preparation of this enzyme by adsorption onto poly(U)-sepharose. We analyzed RT activity with poly(rA)--oligo (dT)12-18, poly(dA)--oligo (dT)12-18, poly(rC)--oligo (dG)12-18 and poly(rCm)--oligo (dG)12-18 to obtain a more accurate pattern of RT. 8 out of 16 malignant breast samples were positive for RT activity, more specifically with poly(rC)--oligo (dG)12-18 and poly(rCm)--oligo (dG)12-18. The 5 non-malignant mammary samples tested were negative for RT activity. Assays with poly(rC)--oligo (dG)12-18 and poly(rCm)--oligo (dG)12-18. The 5 non- malignant mammary samples tested were negative for RT activity. Assays with N--nitroso--N--methylurea--induced rat mammary carcinomas were negative for RT activity.
Topological semimetal and Fermi-arc surface states in the electronic structure of pyrochlore iridates (2011)

We investigate novel phases that emerge from the interplay of electron correlations and strong spin-orbit interactions. We focus on describing the topological semimetal, a three-dimensional phase of a magnetic solid, and argue that it may be realized in a class of pyrochlore iridates (such as ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$) based on calculations using the $\text{LDA}+U$ method. This state is a three-dimensional analog of graphene with linearly dispersing excitations and provides a condensed-matter realization of Weyl fermions that obeys a two-component Dirac equation. It also exhibits remarkable topological properties manifested by surface states in the form of Fermi arcs, which are impossible to realize in purely two-dimensional band structures. For intermediate correlation strengths, we find this to be the ground state of the pyrochlore iridates, coexisting with noncollinear magnetic order. A narrow window of magnetic ``axion'' insulator may also be present. An applied magnetic field is found to induce a metallic ground state.
The interaction of bisphosphonate-coated hydroxyapatite and osteoblasts (2001)

Coating of the hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic component of artificial hip joints with the bisphosphonates clodronate (C) and pamidronate (P) has been proposed as a means to minimise osteolysis and thereby prevent loosening of the implant. However, the effect of the bisphosphonate coating on bacterial adhesion to the HA materials must be determined before this approach can be implemented.
A novel knot‐tying approach for minimally invasive surgical robot systems (2008)

Simulation and experimental results show that BTKT requires a smaller workspace and can form more stable loops compared to conventional methods.
Computer controlled pump unit cuts power, increases output (1996)

OroNegro, Inc., a small, high-tech Southern California operating company with a stated mission to find and utilize innovations that lower production costs, adopted that philosophy in applying a new sucker rod pumping system in its shallow, heavy oil fields in Newhall and Bakersfield, California. Six new hydraulic, computer-controlled pumping (CCP) units developed and supplied by DynaPump, Inc., also of Southern California, have been installed, and are producing significant operating and economic benefits. Basic CCP unit features include a very long stroke with a charged gas (nitrogen) counterbalance and automatic computer-controlled speed, to maximize flow. In one case described, an industry-standard 456 (456,000 in. lb torque), 100-hp unit was replaced by a 60-hp CCP unit, nearly doubling pump output. Field installations and pumping systems in Newhall field, and tests in Kern Front field are described, along with the operator`s views on other CCP applications, including its use in deep wells.
Report on Magnesium and Manganese in Fertilizers (1941)

Journal Article Report on Magnesium and Manganese in Fertilizers Get access John B Smith, John B Smith Associate Referee Agricultural Experiment Station, Kingston, R. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E J Deszyck E J Deszyck Agricultural Experiment Station, Kingston, R. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 24, Issue 2, 1 May 1941, Pages 268–285, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/24.2.268 Published: 19 February 2020
Low cost eye tracking for human-machine interfacing (2011)

One of the main challenges for developers of new human-computer interfaces is to provide a more natural way of interacting with computer systems, avoiding excessive use of hand and finger movements. In this way, also a valuable alternative communication pathway is provided to people suffering from motor disabilities. This paper describes the construction of a low cost eye tracker using a fixed head setup. Therefore a webcam, laptop and an infrared lighting source were used together with a simple frame to fix the head of the user. Furthermore, detailed information on the various image processing techniques used for filtering the centre of the pupil and different methods to calculate the point of gaze are discussed. An overall accuracy of 1.5 degrees was obtained while keeping the hardware cost of the device below 100 euros.
First‐order sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for a regional‐scale gas‐phase chemical mechanism (1995)

First‐order sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods have been applied to the RADM2 mechanism, the second generation gas‐phase chemical mechanism included in the Regional Acid Deposition Model. The direct decoupled method (DDM) was used to evaluate the local sensitivity of product concentrations of O 3 , HCHO, H 2 O 2 , PAN, and HNO 3 to values of 157 rate constants and 126 stoichiometric coefficients. The sensitivity analysis results were combined with estimates of the uncertainty in each parameter in the mechanism to produce a local measure of its contribution to the uncertainty in the outputs. Several different sets of simulation conditions were used, representing summertime surface conditions for urban and nonurban areas. The analysis identified the most influential rate parameters to be those for PAN chemistry, formation of HNO 3 , and photolysis of HCHO, NO 2 , O 3 , and the unknown product (DCB) of aromatics oxidation. Rate parameters for the conversion of NO to NO 2 , such as O 3 + NO, HO 2 + NO and organic radical + NO, and the product yields of organic peroxy radical (XYLP) in the reaction of XYL + HO (XYL represents xylene and more reactive aromatics) and DCB in the reaction XYLP + NO are also relatively influential.
Creation of large thermal lesions in liver using saline-enhanced RF ablation (2002)

Liver cancer, especially metastatic colorectal cancer, is a significant health concern. In the United States, half of the 157,000 new cases of colorectal cancer will develop metastases in the liver, which will lead to over 17,000 deaths. The current standard of practice for treating liver cancer is surgical resection, but only 10% of patients are eligible for this procedure. Thermal ablation using radiofrequency energy is a promising alternative therapy, but it can only treat small tumors. We have developed a system using saline-enhanced radiofrequency ablation for treating large liver tumors. Our system uses the radiofrequency energy to heat tissue with simultaneous injection of warm saline through the electrode to prevent tissue charring and impedance rises (common to radiofrequency ablation) and to convect the thermal energy deeper into the tissue to treat larger volumes than previously possible. Our technique has created thermal lesions in ex vivo liver tissue that are 2.5 times as large as those created by conventional radiofrequency electrodes.
Kinematics and interactive simulation system modeling for robot manipulators (2013)

In this paper, three convenient, efficient and accurate virtual scene modeling methods are proposed for robot manipulators. 3D modeling softwares in terms of SolidWorks and UG are exploited to construct the 3D models of the virtual scene. The 3D models are established and the data are used and shared by OpenGL and VRML. The virtual scene is displayed on Visual C++, LabVIEW and MATLAB platform, which can be controlled as requested. The forward and inverse kinematics of a robot manipulator named Katana450 are analyzed by using the exponential product method, then the interactive simulation system is established based on the three mentioned platforms, finally the simulation and experimental results are provided base on MATLAB/Simulink. The methods are expected to be widely used in virtual scene modeling of robot manipulators and extended to other complex mechanical systems as well.
Design and analysis of broadband high-efficiency pulse compression gratings (2010)

We report on two effective methods, multiparameter optimization and local optimization combined with the diffraction bandwidth merit function, to design a broadband pulse compression grating (PCG), and we present broadband, high-efficiency PCGs based on both the multilayer dielectric grating (MDG) and metal-multilayer dielectric grating (MMDG) models. For MDG, the average diffraction efficiency is higher than 97.5% for TE polarization light over the 100 nm bandwidth centered at 800 nm. Moreover, a novel multilayer structure, which comprises higher index material in the high-reflectivity mirror and relatively lower index material on top, is first proposed to yield higher average efficiency, broader bandwidth, and excellent fabrication tolerance. For MMDG, it exhibits an ultrabroadband top-hat diffraction spectrum with average efficiency exceeding 97% over the 200 nm wavelength wide centered at 1053 nm. In addition, the MMDG structure, which has the best tolerance for grating fabrication, is determined by investigating characteristics of MMDGs with different thin-film structures.
Colossal kinetic isotope effects in proton-coupled electron transfer (2004)

The kinetics of reduction of benzoquinone (Q) to hydroquinone (H(2)Q) by the Os(IV) hydrazido (trans-[Os(IV)(tpy)(Cl)(2)(N(H)N(CH(2))(4)O)]-PF(6) = [1]PF(6), tpy = 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine), sulfilimido (trans-[Os(IV)-(tpy)(Cl)(2)(NS(H)-4-C(6)H(4)Me)]PF(6) = [2]PF(6)), and phosphoraniminato (trans-[Os(IV)(Tp)(Cl)(2)(NP(H)(Et)(2))] = [3], Tp(-) = tris(pyrazolyl)-borate) complexes have been studied in 1:1 (vol/vol) CH(3)CN/H(2)O and CH(3)CN/D(2)O (1.0 M in NH(4)PF(6)/KNO(3) at 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C). The reactions are first order in both [Q] and Os(IV) complex and occur by parallel pH-independent (k(1)) and pH-dependent (k(2)) pathways that can be separated by pH-dependent measurements. Saturation kinetics are observed for the acid-independent pathway, consistent with formation of a H-bonded intermediate (K(A)) followed by a redox step (k(red)). For the pH-independent pathway, k(1)(H(2)O)/k(1)(D(2)O) kinetic isotope effects are 455 +/- 8 for [1(+)], 198 +/- 6 for [2(+)], and 178 +/- 5 for [3]. These results provide an example of colossal kinetic isotope effects for proton-coupled electron transfer reactions involving nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus as proton-donor atoms.
Effect of the Silicidation Reaction Condition on the Gate Oxide Integrity in Ti-polycide Gate (1994)

The effect of the silicidation reaction between the sputtered titanium film and underlying polysilicon on the gate oxide integrity in the Ti-polycide gate was studied. The gate oxide breakdown failure increased with increasing silicidation temperature for both cases of 1-step and 2-step silicidation processes. This is related to increased amount of Ti diffusion from Ti-silicide to the gate oxide. However, for 1-step silicidation process reliability of the gate oxide for 750° C silicidation is better than for 650° C silicidation. This is because of the formation of the metastable C49 structure when solid-state reaction between the sputtered titanium film and underlying polysilicon occurs. Therefore, to obtain better reliablility of the Ti-polycide gate low temperature silicidatlon and the stable C54 phase are essential.
Improvement of location methods based on RFID (2013)

最普通的地点算法基于动态活跃收音机频率鉴定(LANDMARC ) 和虚拟引用消除(VIRE ) 基于收到的信号力量(RSS ) 是地点鉴定。然而，两个都，原来的算法受不了一些缺点。在这份报纸，二个原来的算法的几个方面被修改了减少放的错误。第一， Lagrange 插值被使用了而不是线性插值。第二，适应阀值在新算法被介绍了。第三，插入虚拟参考书标签改进察觉到的区域的边界的地点精确性。最后，把 LANDMARC 与 VIRE 相结合吸收两个优点。与原来的算法相比，平均，模仿的结果证明修改算法能高效地改进地点表演并且达到在室内的环境的精确的放的目标。
Basic principles of drug--excipients interactions (2004)

Excipients are generally considered inert additives included in drug formulation to help in the manufacturing, administration or absorption. Other reasons for inclusion concern product differentiation, appearance enhancement or retention of quality. Excipients can initiate, propagate or participate in chemical or physical interactions with an active substance, possibly leading to compromised quality or performance of the medication. Understanding the chemical and physical nature of excipients, the impurities or residues associated with them and how they may interact with other materials, or with each other, forewarns the pharmaceutical technologist of possibilities for undesirable developments.
Perpendicular Domain Orientation in Thin Films of Polystyrene−Polylactide Diblock Copolymers (2005)

Block copolymer thin films are ideal templates for a wide range of technologies where large area patterns of nanoscale features are desired. One of the main challenges in using lamellae- and cylinder-forming block copolymers for this purpose is to induce the block copolymer domains to orient perpendicular to the film surface. We here show that perpendicular domain orientation can be easily achieved with polystyrene-b-polylactide (PS−PLA) thin films. Cylinder-forming PS−PLA films were prepared by spin-coating on a variety of substrates followed by thermal annealing. The molecular weight, film thickness, annealing temperature, and annealing time were varied. When the film thickness was larger than the repeat spacing of the bulk morphology, the domains oriented perpendicular to the surface independent of the substrate/film interface. The films were then used to prepare nanoporous templates by a combination of hydrolytic PLA degradation and oxygen reactive ion etching (O2-RIE). The template pattern was then transferred to the substrate using CF4-RIE to form an array of nanoscale pits.
Operating a continuous hauling system at United Colliery (1998)

United Collieries Pty Limited is an Australian mining company operating one underground coal mine, United Colliery at Warkworth in the Hunter Valley district of New South Wales. Centrally positioned, United Colliery is adjoined by other coal mining operations and is located 80km north -west of Newcastle and 20 kilometres south -west of Singleton. High standard road and rail links provide ready access to customers and suppliers.
Connection-Oriented Media Transport over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) (2006)

This document specifies how to establish secure connection-oriented media transport sessions over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol using the Session Description Protocol (SDP).It defines a new SDP protocol identifier, 'TCP/TLS'.It also defines the syntax and semantics for an SDP 'fingerprint' attribute that identifies the certificate that will be presented for the TLS session.This mechanism allows media transport over TLS connections to be established securely, so long as the integrity of session descriptions is assured.
Estimating the baseline for written material (2002)

Estimation of aiding typographical rulers is a challenging task especially for everyday handwriting. The method described here performs very well as long as the model assumption of one straight line is satisfied. It is completely based on contour processing. A sophisticated iterated regression analysis processing weighted points is the central algorithm. The method can be used for handwriting as well as machine printed texts without adjusting the parameters.
Advanced analytical chemistry (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTAdvanced analytical chemistryJames J. Lingane Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 6, 311Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1959Published inissue 1 June 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036p311.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2038Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (814 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts