gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Diversity Remains Scarce in Academic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (2009)

Background: Plastic surgery has been dedicated to advancing academic surgery in education, research, innovation, and patient care. Thus, as U.S. health care disparities persist, it would be befitting for plastic surgery to assume the lead in alleviating these disparities. As part of a multifaceted approach to ameliorate health care disparities, increasing diversity in the health care workforce will be imperative. Investigating the demographics of the U.S. plastic surgery residents and faculty can bring attention to a deficit that, if corrected, could benefit the field and improve the entire health care system. Methods: Medical students, plastic surgery residents/fellows, and plastic surgery faculty demographic information from 1966 to 2006 was analyzed from the Association of American Medical Colleges’ data files. Results: Caucasians encompass 68.7 percent of U.S. plastic surgery residents/fellows, while Asian-, African-, and Latino-Americans encompass 20.9, 3.7, and 6.2 percent, respectively. Caucasians comprise 74.9 percent of academic plastic surgeons, while Asian-, African-, and Latino-Americans comprise 10.9, 1.4, and 3.6 percent, respectively. Caucasians constitute 82.0 percent of tenured full professors, while Asian-, African-, and Latino-Americans constitute 4.9, 1.6, and 4.9 percent, respectively. In 2004, African-Americans and Latino-Americans comprised 3.6 percent and 5.7 percent of all U.S. plastic surgeons, but only 1.5 percent and 4.9 percent of plastic academicians, respectively. Conclusions: Over the last 40 years, plastic surgery has been ineffective in adequately increasing the number of minority residents and faculty. Expanding the number of minority academic plastic surgeons could establish a health care environment more accommodating to minority patients, increase studies highlighting minority health needs, and provide additional role models and mentors.
Ultimate Linewidth-Tolerant 20-Gbps QPSK-Homodyne Transmission using a Spectrum-Sliced ASE Light Source (2007)

We demonstrated ultimate linewidth-tolerant 20-Gbps QPSK-homodyne using a 3-nm spectrum-sliced ASE light source by an optical phase noise cancellation, attained BER less than 1 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> after 160-km transmission. We also characterized DGD and dispersion tolerances.
Aquinas's Ultimate Ends: A Reply to Grisez (2001)

Journal Article Aquinas's Ultimate Ends: A Reply to Grisez Get access Scott MacDonald Scott MacDonald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Jurisprudence, Volume 46, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 37–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajj/46.1.37 Published: 01 June 2001
L’éducation sociale de l’enfant et de l’adolescent (1926)

Dumouchel P. L’éducation sociale de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. In: La revue pédagogique, tome 88, Janvier-Juin 1926. pp. 405-422.
The Biological and Chemical Variability of Yacon (2006)

This paper focuses on the biological and chemical variability of four yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) accessions cultivated under field conditions. Significant variations in tuber shape, weight, content of oligofructans, as well as in leaf isozymes, phenolics, and relative DNA contents were found. Accessions 6 and 88 were the most productive (up to 3.01 and 3.74 kg/plant); accession 48 was the most balanced from the yield aspect in three vegetative periods. A significantly higher content of beta-(2-->1) oligofructans was noted in accessions 48 and 88 as compared to 6 and 60. No difference in sucrose, glucose, and fructose level was observed. Only accession 6 exhibited separate acid phosphatase and esterase isoforms. Accessions 6 and 60 had the highest content of phenolics, and accession 88 had the lowest relative DNA content. Large yacon intraspecific variation may be useful in future detailed research as a good background for breeding, growing, and utilization in industrial processing.
Decoherence and quantum error correction (1997)

We discuss the effects of decoherence on fault–tolerant quantum computation and how it leads to accuracy thresholds required before arbitrarily computations can be performed. We examine the feasibility of achieving these thresholds in an ion trap realization when spontaneous emission is taken into account.
Using DNA to Link Gold Nanoparticles, Polymers, and Molecules: A Theoretical Perspective (2010)

This Perspective describes theoretical studies aimed at understanding the structural and thermal properties of materials in which DNA is used to link gold nanoparticles, or polymers or organic molecules. Particularly in the case of gold nanoparticles, the materials derived from this structural motif have proven to be important for biological sensing and other applications, however additional applications may arise as a result of recent advances in the preparation of crystalline materials based on DNA-linked particles. From a theory perspective these are challenging materials to describe due to the large number of atoms, and the polyelectrolyte character of DNA, however there has been important progress recently using all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics, and with analytical theory. Among topics that we discuss are the structure and density of DNA when attached to gold particles, and the size and melting properties of DNA-linked nanoparticles in different environments.
512. Kinetics and mechanism of aromatic nitration. Part VI. The nitration of phenols and phenolic ethers: the concomitant dealkylation of phenolic ethers. The role of nitrous acid (1950)

C. A. Bunton, E. D. Hughes, C. K. Ingold, D. I. H. Jacobs, M. H. Jones, G. J. Minkoff and R. I. Reed, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2628 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002628
Subliminal air traffic control: Human friendly control of a multi-agent system (2007)

We present a mathematical framework for a novel concept of computer-aided air-traffic management called subliminal control. The premise is that a large part of air traffic controllers workload is devoted to monitoring situations which are likely to become unsafe. The automated control system, using an accurate prediction model and a datalink with the aircraft, has to operate small adjustments in the speeds of aircraft early enough to prevent the perception of a risk of conflict. These actions have to be small enough to be imperceptible by air traffic controllers. We formulate the subliminal control problem as a robust optimization problem in which the cost is related to the perception of risk. We use a hybrid control model with uncertainty and state constraints, and solve the problem in a game setting by using tools from viability theory. We develop this approach on an example and provide numerical results.
Optimierung des CT-Dosismanagements bei der nuklearmedizinischen Hybridbildgebung durch Nutzung einer iterativen Rekonstruktion für die low-dose-CT (2012)

Die zivilisatorische Strahlenexposition wird in den entwickelten Ländern von der medizinischen Strahlenanwendung dominiert. Ein Anwendungsbereich für den medizinischen Einsatz ionisierender Strahlung stellt dabei die Hybridbildgebung in der Kombination eines nuklearmedizinischen Schnittbildverfahrens wie der Single-Photonen-Emissions-Tomografie (SPECT) oder der Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) mit der Computertomografie (CT) dar. Durch das Hybriddesign akkumulieren die Verfahren die Expositionen aus unterschiedlichen Strahlungsarten. Die einzelnen bildgebenden Modalitäten sind Gegenstand langjähriger Optimierungen. Abweichend von der diagnostischen Anwendung kann die CT in der Hybridbildgebung, aber auch in einer low-dose-Variante zur ausschließlichen Schwächungskorrektur und zur Lokalisationsdiagnostik durchgeführt werden. Durch die Nutzung moderner Spiral-CTs in den Hybridsystemen und die hier stattfindende Entwicklung iterativer Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen für die CT-Rekonstruktion stehen neue Methoden zur Verfügung, die unter Optimierungsaspekten für die low-dose-CT zu betrachten sind. Im Vergleich dazu etabliert sich die iterative Bildrekonstruktion in der diagnostischen Computertomografie mit Erfolg und es kann in Abhängigkeit vom Untersuchungsprotokoll eine Verminderung der CT-Exposition in der Größenordnung um bis zu 50% bei gleichbleibender Bildqualität realisiert werden.
Nitric Oxide Is Reduced to HNO by Proton-Coupled Nucleophilic Attack by Ascorbate, Tyrosine, and Other Alcohols. A New Route to HNO in Biological Media? (2015)

The role of NO in biology is well established. However, an increasing body of evidence suggests that azanone (HNO), could also be involved in biological processes, some of which are attributed to NO. In this context, one of the most important and yet unanswered questions is whether and how HNO is produced in vivo. A possible route concerns the chemical or enzymatic reduction of NO. In the present work, we have taken advantage of a selective HNO sensing method, to show that NO is reduced to HNO by biologically relevant alcohols with moderate reducing capacity, such as ascorbate or tyrosine. The proposed mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack to NO by the alcohol, coupled to a proton transfer (PCNA: proton-coupled nucleophilic attack) and a subsequent decomposition of the so-produced radical to yield HNO and an alkoxyl radical.
ActiSmile: a portable biofeedback device on physical activity (2008)

Together with the Swiss Federal Office for Sports and the company ActiSmile, CSEM has designed and developed a portable biofeedback device to monitor continuously the physical activity of its user. The key technology resides in sophisticated signal processing methods for multi-axis accelerometer sensor systems, including modern feature extraction, classification algorithms and low-power implementation on real-time platforms. A set of classification features has been defined for the following human activities: standing/sitting, lying, walking and running. The features are extracted from the sensor signals of a multi-axis accelerometer and are based on a single stride detection algorithm. A binary classification tree, requiring a low processing complexity, is used for the activity classification tasks. The cumulated time spent in the different activities used to inform the user in real-time via the LCD about the progress of the completed physical activity according the WHO guidelines. Additionally, the stored activity features can be sent either via USB or via a wireless Bluetooth link to a PC or a mobile phone for a more detailed analysis. The present work introduces a novel biofeedback device and its underlying technology. The so-called ActiSmile is a novel health-care tool to motivate its user to be physical active and to lead a modern and healthy life.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biologically Active Guaianolides with a trans‐Annulated Lactone Moiety (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface plasmon polariton assisted organic solar cells (2009)

We propose a lateral tandem cell system consisting of organic thin-film photovoltaic devices. The crucial element of the system is a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) assisted organic solar cell employing a metallic grating electrode. In the SPP-assisted solar cell, the incident light resonantly excites an SPP mode to increase the optical field intensity in the absorption layer. As a result, a high absorption efficiency is maintained when the thickness of the absorption layer is decreased below the exciton diffusion length, thereby overcoming the ‘exciton diffusion bottleneck’ present in conventional organic solar cells. For a model structure, where an organic multilayer is sandwiched by a planar cathode and a grating anode, both consisting of Ag, we show, using the finite element method, that the absorption efficiency of a 10-nm-thick absorption layer with the absorption coefficient of 10 cm exceeds 80% for TM-polarized incident light with a wavelength of 765 nm. We show that the resonance can be tuned by varying the grating period. We also discuss design guidelines for the lateral tandem cell system, and estimate its performance.
SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE STUDY OF SOLIDS (1980)

INTRODUCTION A secondary ion mass spectrometer is an instrument that determines the elemental composition of a solid in both bulk and trace amounts. It has the advantage of providing, in a few minutes, a qualitative analysis for all the elements in a sample and, with suitable standards, of providing quantitative results down to the parts per billion (atomic) range. A continuous determination of atomic composition can be made as material is consumed during the analysis; thus, concentration profiles in solids (especially in thin film form) are obtainable. In addition, analysis of ion fragments can often lead to identification of compounds. These capabilities are what make secondary ion mass spectrometry so valuable to scientists.
Studies on the Phenylphenol Derivatives with Biological Activity (1968)

Journal Article Studies on the Phenylphenol Derivatives with Biological Activity: Part III. Fungistatic Activity of Phenylphenol Derivatives Get access Hong-Ming Cheng, Hong-Ming Cheng Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Present address: Division of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, California. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Morifusa Eto, Morifusa Eto Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kanji Nakamura, Kanji Nakamura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Present address: Ihara Chemicals Co., Shimizu. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shozo Kuwatsuka, Shozo Kuwatsuka Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Present address: The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Tokyo. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuyoshi Oshima, Yasuyoshi Oshima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masaru Kado Masaru Kado Ihara Chemicals Co., Shimizu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 32, Issue 9, 1 September 1968, Pages 1162–1174, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1968.10859205 Published: 01 September 1968 Article history Received: 15 April 1968 Published: 01 September 1968
Abstract 266: Peri-Shock Pause: an Independent Predictor of Survival From Out-of-Hospital Shockable Cardiac Arrest (2010)

Introduction: Peri-shock pauses, defined as the pauses before and after defibrillatory shock interrupt chest compressions and are associated with reduced defibrillation success rates. We examined t...
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐dienes with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral Disulfonimide. (2013)

Abstract 2,6‐Disubstituted and 2,5,6‐trisubstituted dihydropyranones are prepared from aromatic, heteroaromatic, or conjugated aromatic aldehydes and a variety of 1,3‐bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐dienes or analogues in the presence of only 1 mol% of the new axially chiral disulfonimide (I).
Synthesis and Antichagasic Properties of New 1,2,6-Thiadiazin-3,5-dione 1,1-Dioxides and Related Compounds (2011)

In a search for antichagasic drugs, 14 new 4-(nitroarylidene)-1,2,6-thiadiazin-3,5-dione 1,1-dioxide derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi and some of them showed important antiprotozoan activity. Attempts to synthesize new 4-(nitroarylidene)-3,5-diamino-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides were unsuccessful. The antichagasic properties of nitroarylidene-malononitrile and nitroarylidene-cyanoacetamide derivatives, thus obtained, were also tested. The cytotoxic properties against Vero cells of compounds which showed remarkable in vitro antichagasic activity were evaluated. All compounds tested exhibited high toxicity percentages at 100 micrograms/ml. However, compound 3c showed in vitro antichagasic and cytotoxic properties such as nifurtimox at the dose of 10 micrograms/ml.
Effects of film injection on performance of a cooled turbine (1977)

Some of the most dramatic increases in the performance of turbojet and turbofan aircraft engines have been obtained as a result of increased thermodynamic cycle temperatures made possible by the use of film cooling techniques. The realization of the potential performance gains, however, is only possible if the quantity of cooling air and the aerodynamic mixing losses resulting from the injection of coolant in the form of film on the flowpath surfaces are minimized. Such a minimization requires a more complete understanding of the relationship between cooling and aerodynamics. A review is conducted of tests which have been conducted to determine the effects of coolant injection on turbine performance. The results obtained in the tests are compared with an analytical technique developed for predicting coolant injection effects. Particular attention is given to the effects of turbine cooling on overall cycle thermodynamic efficiency, taking into account incremental changes in turbine thermodynamic efficiency for various incremental changes in coolant flow rate.
Influence of 5' proximal secondary structure on the translational efficiency of eukaryotic mRNAs and on their interaction with initiation factors. (1986)

The effects of 5' proximal secondary structure in mRNA molecules on their translation and on their interaction with the eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF)-4F, eIF-4A, and eIF-4B have been examined. Secondary structures were generated in the 5' noncoding region of rabbit globin and reovirus mRNAs by means of hybridization with cDNA molecules. cDNAs hybridized to the first 15 bases downstream from the cap inhibited the translation of the mRNAs in both reticulocyte and wheat germ lysates. The degree of inhibition was directly related to the monovalent ion concentration and inversely related to reaction temperature. These hybrid structures also reduced the competitive ability of the messages. Hybrid structures beginning downstream from the first 15 bases did not inhibit the translation of beta-globin mRNA or reovirus s3 mRNA. None of the hybrid structures were detrimental to the interaction of the mRNAs with the 26-kDa cap binding protein of eIF-4F, as determined by chemical cross-linking assays. However, in the presence of ATP, hybrid structures immediately adjacent to the cap severely inhibited the cross-linking to the p46 subunit of eIF-4F or to additional eIF-4A or eIF-4B. In order to account for these observations, a two-step mechanism is proposed for the interaction of eIF-4F with the 5' end of an mRNA molecule. The first step involves a weak initial interaction of the p26 subunit with the cap. The second step requires the hydrolysis of ATP and results in the formation of a stable initiation factor-mRNA complex, which may involve eIF-4A and eIF-4B. This second step is inhibited by the presence of 5' proximal secondary structure. In any event, our results demonstrate that the effect of mRNA structure on translation rate depends strongly on its position with respect to the 5' end and that this effect is due at least in part to an inhibition of the action of initiation factors normally required for the unwinding of structure.
Sub-optimal turbo-detection for coded 8-PSK signals over ISI channels with application to EDGE advanced mobile system (2002)

A turbo-detector concept assuring a favorable tradeoff between performance and complexity is investigated for the novel radio access scheme at enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). The high level modulation employed in EDGE (8-PSK) precludes MAP or MLSE turbo-detection, and consequently, computationally efficient sub-optimum solutions have to be considered. A turbo-detector based on a generic SISO delayed decision-feedback sequence estimator (DDFSE) is shown to be a very promising candidate, so long as we couple it with a discrete-time allpass pre-filter turning channel impulse response into minimum phase.
Identifying Individualized Risk Profiles for Radiotherapy-Induced Lymphopenia Among Patients With Esophageal Cancer Using Machine Learning (2021)

G4RIL risk varies for individual patients with esophageal cancer and is modulated by radiotherapy dosimetric parameters. The framework for machine learning presented can be applied broadly to study risk determinants of other adverse events, providing the basis for adapting treatment strategies for mitigation.
Acoustic signatures of crossflow behind casing: Downhole monitoring experiment at Teapot Dome (2007)

We present measurements of acoustic signatures of cross‐flow behind a pipe in time and frequency domain. We show that despite being called “noise” these signatures represent superposition of tube waves with impulsive waveforms. We further present observation of change in those signatures during injection and release of air, and suggest that these changes can be used for real‐time acoustic characterization of depletion in stacked commingled reservoirs.
Changes in thioredoxin concentrations: an observation in an ultra-marathon race (2009)

These data suggest that plasma TRX is an OS marker during physical exercise. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate level of exercise for the promotion of health.
Clinical utility of simultaneous quantitation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by LC-MS/MS involving derivatization with DMEQ-TAD (2014)

Context: The discovery of hypercalcemic diseases due to loss-of-function mutations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase has placed a new demand for sensitive and precise assays for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D]. Objective: We describe a novel liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry-based method involving derivatization with DMEQ-TAD {4-[2-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalinyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione} to simultaneously assay multiple vitamin D metabolites including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and 24,25-(OH)2D using 100 μL of serum with a 5-minute run time. Design: The assay uses a newly synthesized internal standard d6-24,25-(OH)2D3 enabling the quantitation of 24,25-(OH)2D3 as well as the determination of the ratio of 25-OH-D3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3, a physiologically useful parameter. Setting: We report data on more than 1000 normal and disease samples involving vitamin D deficiency or hypercalcemia in addition to studies involving knockout mouse models. Results: The...