gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regularized SOM-training: a solution to the topology-approximation dilemma? (2002)

The self-organizing map (SOM) is a tool which combines the task of vector quantisation with a topologically ordered representation of the training vectors. The topological order is obtained by an adaptation of the winner and its neighbours towards the input vector and leads to several effects, which reduce the approximation quality. Topology and approximation seem to be contradictory. This is linked to the training properties and not to the data set. It may be reduced by a modification of the training towards a better regularity of the generated map. This new principle is proposed in this paper and may replace the neighbourhood adaptation in the final phase of the training. This paper presents examples of the standard SOM-training and regularized training and visualizes the topology-approximation dilemma graphically with two different data sets.
The Failure of CrossRail (2002)

This chapter examines a middle-profile policy issue. CrossRail was a proposed railway under central London to link Paddington and Liverpool Street Stations. After a tortured birth CrossRail was rejected by Parliament. This chapter focuses on the initial decision to approve the scheme and the subsequent battle to stop it. It examines the stop—start nature of CrossRail's progression, and explains that whilst government's policy did not change, in practice Treasury hostility, weak political commitment and ineffective lobbying undermined the flagship scheme.KeywordsPrime MinisterCivil ServantEvening StandardLondon BoroughPrivate Finance InitiativeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
ALGORITHMS OF ENVIRONMENT UNDERSTANDING AND OBSTACLE DETECTION BASED ON MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION (1998)

Based on Dempster Shafer theory of evidence inference, this paper presents some algorithms of multisensor data fusion for mobile robots. By integrating the 2D data and the 3D data that are both the pre processed information obtained by a color CCD camera and a laser imaging tange sensor respectively, the accuracy and the reliability of environment understanding and obstacle detection for mobile robot are improved than those based only on any single sensory information. Some difficult problems of vision information fusion for mobile robot are discussed, and meaningful expermental results of fusion on unstructured road network are obtained.
Is gastric cancer preventable? (2004)

Gastric cancer is a major health burden worldwide and prevention is the most promising strategy to control the disease. The available scientific evidence indicates that curing Helicobacter pylori infection results in a modest retardation of the precancerous process but does not prevent all cancers. Individuals at the highest risk should be cured of their infection and monitored endoscopically to detect dysplasia and "early" cancer, amenable to successful treatment.
Grape packer-supply operations: Study of costs and efficiency in fresh table grape packing houses indicates potential savings by changes in some plants (1956)

California Agriculture - All Issues
The Treatment of Pain in The Patient with Cancer (1986)

Pain is one of the most feared consequences of cancer. Control of pain from cancer should be possible with the approaches discussed above. Changing attitudes toward the effective use of narcotic analgesics, the development of novel routes and methods of administration, and a clinical approach based on scientific principles and humane care offer the promise of improved management of pain in patients with cancer.
Pain Evaluation and Management in the Nursing Home (1995)

As many as 45% to 80% of nursing home residents have pain that contributes materially to functional impairment and decreased quality of life. Substantial barriers, including a high frequency of dementia, multiple pain problems, and increased sensitivity to drug side effects often make pain assessment and management more difficult in the nursing home setting. Logistic problems in carrying out diagnostic procedures and management interventions are also common. Pain can be alleviated in nursing homes through the careful use of analgesic drugs combined with nonpharmacologic strategies, including exercise programs and other physical therapies. Elderly nursing home residents are more sensitive to the side effects associated with many analgesic drugs, but this does not justify the failure to treat pain, especially in those who are terminally ill or near the end of life. Structured programs for routine pain assessment and treatment are needed. Physician involvement in pain assessment and management is necessary if pain control is to be improved for nursing home patients.
Lubricant rheology in real conditions: measurements and confrontation with a ball/disk contact (2001)

During the cold rolling of metal alloy sheets, the control of lubrication constitutes one of the major industrial problems. The aim of the study reported in this article concerns the rheological characterization of two industrial lubricants, under conditions close to those met in rolling. The application of EHD models then allows to calculate the lubricant film thickness, which is compared to the values measured by interferometry in a ball/disk contact.
Photoelectrochemical DNA Biosensors (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTPhotoelectrochemical DNA BiosensorsWei-Wei Zhao, Jing-Juan Xu*, and Hong-Yuan Chen*View Author Information State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China*Tel.: +86-25-83597294. Fax: +86-25-83597294. E-mail: [email protected]*Tel.: +86-25-83594862. Fax: +86-25-83594862. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 15, 7421–7441Publication Date (Web):June 16, 2014Publication History Received19 February 2014Published online16 June 2014Published inissue 13 August 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500100jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500100jreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14279Altmetric-Citations720LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Electrodes,Genetics,Photonics,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Electromagnetic-based acoustic energy harvester (2013)

The development of an electromagnetic-based acoustic energy harvester using Helmholtz resonator is reported in this paper. The working principle, fabrication and characterization of the harvester are discussed. The developed harvester comprises of an orifice, cavity, flexible membrane, moving magnets and a fixed wound coil. The harvester is characterized under acoustic energy at different sound pressure levels (SPL's) and is subjected to both forward frequency sweep (FFS) and reverse frequency sweep (RFS). At resonance and under 125 dB SPL, the harvester produced a maximum open circuit rms voltage of 667 mV. However, when connected to an optimum load of 52 ohm, it generated an rms load voltage of 319.8 mV. At resonance and when subjected to 125 dB SPL the maximum power of 1966.77 µW is delivered to the load, that leads to a maximum power density of 133.6 μW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for the developed harvester.
A Novel Approach of a Planar Multi-Band Hybrid Series Feed Network for Use in Antenna Systems Operating at Millimeterwave Frequencies (2003)

Recent advances in the development of multi-band antenna systems have focused on the radiating element. With the advent of antennas such as the notch antennas, radiating elements capable of broadband (DC - 50 GHz) operation have been developed. The problem of how to feed the radiating elements has not been adequately addressed. The corporate feed architecture has been the architecture of choice for feeding these elements. However, for applications where the feed loss is critical, the corporate feed architecture does not present a feasible solution. Other traditional low loss planar feed techniques, such as the series feed and its variations, suffer from narrow operating bands. In this paper, we describe a novel planar hybrid series feed network which exhibits the very low loss properties of the traditional series feed by modifying the resonant structure to operate at multiple distinct bands.
Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Film Anode by Vinylene Carbonate Electrolyte Additive (2006)

The effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an electrolyte additive on the electrochemical performance of Si film anode is reported in this paper. The cycle performance and efficiency of Si film anode were enhanced significantly with the presence of VC in electrolyte. It was found that the SEI layer formed in VC-containing electrolyte was impermeable to electrolyte and its impedance remained almost invariant upon cycling. Moreover, silicon oxide was formed in solid electrolyte interface layer of Si film anode due to the reaction of lithiated silicon with permeated electrolyte in both VC-free and VC-containing electrolytes.
<i>Escherichia coli lacZ</i> strains engineered for detection of frameshift mutations induced by aromatic amines and nitroaromatic compounds (1995)

Escherichia coli lacZ strains CC107-CC111, which detect specific frameshift mutations, were used to study the mutational specificities of 2-nitro-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (NO2-IQ) and rat hepatic S9-activated 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). New constructs were made in which UvrABC-dependent excision repair was eliminated (strains DJ3107-DJ3111), followed by introduction of plasmid pYG219 conferring acetyl CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase/acetyl CoA:arylhydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase (NAT/OAT) activity (strains DJ3207-DJ3211). Sensitivity to mutagens was greatly enhanced. The mutational specificity of NO2-IQ was identical to that of the corresponding amine, IQ. The most prominent mutations caused by the two compounds were -2(CGGC) and 1(CG) frameshifts. +1(AT) Frameshifts play a minor role in the pattern of mutational specificity. Induction of all three mutations was similarly influenced by NAT/OAT activation and UvrABC-dependent excision repair. These new tester strains provide an effective tool for the study of aromatic amine mutational specificity and the influences of excision repair and NAT/OAT activation.
Maximizing Detection of Adenomas and Cancers During Colonoscopy (2006)

Some patients who undergo colonoscopy that appeared to have cleared the colorectum of neoplasia return within a short interval (1-3 yr) with colorectal cancer. Although several a priori mechanisms could account for this occurrence, wide variation in detection rates of adenomas and cancer at colonoscopy suggests that suboptimal colonoscopic technique is a significant contributor. Optimal technique with white-light colonoscopy involves taking adequate time for inspection during withdrawal (an average of at least 6 min in normal colons), interrogating the proximal sides of folds, flexures, and valves, clearing fluid and debris, and distending adequately. Some adjunctive techniques are directed toward exposing more colonic mucosa during colonoscopy. Wide-angle colonoscopy appears to improve efficiency but does not eliminate miss rates. Colonoscopy in retroflexion was unsuccessful in reducing miss rates in one study, whereas cap-fitted colonoscopy was successful in reducing miss rates in one small study. Techniques to improve detection of flat lesions include pancolonic chromoendoscopy (CE). In two randomized controlled trials, CE improved adenoma detection, but CE does not appear to provide substantially greater yields than those obtained by the more sensitive white-light colonoscopists. Narrow band imaging and autofluorescence are being assessed for improved detection of flat lesions. Adenoma detection rates are an important measure of the quality of colonoscopy and should be reported to endoscopists in quality improvement programs in colonoscopy.
The MicroReed, an ultra-small passive MEMS magnetic proximity sensor designed for portable applications (2002)

A passive magnetostatic sensing MEMS device, similar to a reed switch, having a packaged volume of 2 mm/sup 3/ is described. It is capable of sensing the field of a 1 mm/sup 3/ SmCo magnet at a distance of more than 2 mm. The contact force between the microformed rhodium contact surfaces lies between 10 and 30 /spl mu/N, and contact resistances as low as 2 /spl Omega/ are measured. No contact sticking is observed. The device operation life extends to at least 200,000 cycles when packaged at wafer level with epoxy sealing. The device operation life increases to 100/spl times/10/sup 6/ cycles when measured on bare wafers in argon, showing that these MEMS sensors are intrinsically reliable in spite of the very low contact forces.
LLC Resonant Converter With Semiactive Variable-Structure Rectifier (SA-VSR) for Wide Output Voltage Range Application (2015)

A semiactive variable-structure rectifier (SA-VSR) is proposed for the LLC resonant converter to achieve wide output voltage range power conversion. The SA-VSR is composed of two active switches and two diodes. The SA-VSR is operated as a voltage-doubler rectifier when the duty cycle of the active switches is 0.25, whereas it is a voltage-quadrupler rectifier when the duty cycle of the active switches is 0.5. Hence, the output voltage range is extended by adaptively changing the operation mode of the rectifier, which results in reduced switching frequency range, circulating current, and conduction losses of the LLC resonant converter. The switches' switching frequency of the SA-VSR is halved in comparison with the switches on the primary side of the LLC resonant converter, and zero voltage switching and zero current switching are achieved for all the active switches and diodes, respectively, to reduce the switching losses. The operation principles are analyzed and a 1.5-kW prototype with 400-V input voltage and 100-500-V output voltage is built and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
An Adaptive Pipeline Processor For Real-Time Image Processing (1990)

The need for low-cost, real-time, image processing for automated inspection and other industrial applications has led to considerable effort being directed at many novel computer architectures. Two main avenues of work have become apparent: the use of powerful parallel architectures and the use of pipelined processors. The former while offering great flexibility, have, to date, been associated with high cost. The latter, being essentially simpler processors can produce considerable cost savings but have generally been inflexible and provided a limited number of functions. Pipeline processors have generally found application as pre-processors for use with parallel machines or in image enhancement for human operators where relatively simple processing is required. The paper describes the development of an adaptive pipeline processor which offers the potential cost efficiency of large scale integration together with the flexibility of an adaptive system. The processor concerned accepts digitised video information from any standard video source and performs real-time processing on it. Each identical processor element (PE) can be programmed by a separate controller over a high speed communications channel, and can perform a range of operations including filtering, averaging, edge-detection, line-thinning, thresholding, scaling and inversion. Synchronisation information is also processed by the PE allowing any number of elements to be cascaded without the need for a frame store. A typical image processing arrangement would consist of a series of identical PEs connected in series and a separate control computer which is responsible for configuring the system. The absence of frame buffering within the system greatly reduces its cost and provides true real-time operation. Since each PE may be reconfigured in real-time the parameters and functions of each element can be modified to suit the image. This permits the processing to be adapted to cater for changing lighting conditions or a change of scene. Since each PE will be implemented as a single, identical, VLSI circuit, the arrangement is potentially very cost effective.
NOTE ON SOME EXPERIMENTAL STEEPING TREATMENTS OF MALTING BARLEY (1953)

In an attempt to improve the germination of certain stubborn samples of barley, various substances have been incorporated in experimental steeps. Addition of certain concentrations of nitrous acid, formaldehyde, sodium carbonate or potassium bromate resulted in improved germination, while addition of papain depressed germination. These results are consistent with the view that inhibition is due, in part at least, to intermediates of protein degradation.
A Quantitative Nitroblue Tetrazolium Assay for Determining Intracellular Superoxide Anion Production in Phagocytic Cells (2006)

Conventionally, a semi-quantitative microscopic nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay is used to determine the production of superoxide anion (O2(-)) in various phagocytic cells. This microscopic assay is conducted by counting the cells containing blue NBT formazan deposits, which are formed by reduction of the membrane permeable, water-soluble, yellow-colored, nitroblue tetrazolium (Y-NBT) by O2(-). However, this assay is semi-quantitative and is prone to observer bias. In the present study, we modified the NBT assay by dissolving the blue formazan particles using 2M potassium hydroxide and dimethylsulfoxide and then measured its absorbance using a microplate reader at 620nm. The absorbance of dissolved NBT increased in proportion to cell number (r = 0.9907), incubation time, and stimulus concentration. To test the usefulness of this modified assay, we compared the abilities of a number of types of phagocytic cells to produce O2(-). The cells examined included murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7 and J774), freshly prepared murine peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils, a human myeloid cell line (PLB-985), and freshly prepared human peripheral blood neutrophils. In addition, we demonstrate that nitric oxide produced by RAW 264.7 cells does not interfere with the modified colorimetric NBT assay. Taken together, our results indicate that the modified colorimetric NBT assay is simple, sensitive, and quantitative, and that it can be used to determine the amounts of intracellular O2(-) produced by phagocytic cells. Thus, this assay is sensitive enough to measure, quantitatively, even the small amounts of O2(-) produced in monocytes and macrophages that are not detectable by the conventional microscopic NBT assay.
Cardiac arrhythmias mimicking primary neurological disorders: a difficult diagnostic situation (1995)

Cardiac arrhythmias can present with the signs and symptoms of a seizure disorder. This potentially life-threatening underlying cause of non-febrile seizures should be recognized early, since successful specific treatment is possible. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine common features in such patients. Over a period of 25 years, eight patients were initially treated for up to 5 years at our institution for a seizure disorder until dysrhythmia as the underlying cause of the seizures was disclosed. The main symptom was drop attacks coinciding with physical activity or emotional stress. Convulsions were only rarely observed. In five of the eight patients the underlying disorder was the long-QT-syndrome (Romano-Ward syndrome). In one patient intermittent complete atrioventricular block was found, another patient showed ventricular tachydysrhythmia of unknown etiology and the last patient suffered from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Melting temperature of molecular beacons as an indicator of the ligase detection reaction for multiplex detection of point mutations (2015)

A novel strategy based on the ligase detection reaction (LDR) using the melting temperature of molecular beacons as the indicator is presented for the multiplex detection of gene mutations.
Unit test frameworks (2004)

This is the only book to explore unit testing as a language-independent, standalone development methodology. It covers the theory and methodology of unit test frameworks, offers instruction in unit test development, provides useful code examples in both Java and C++, and details the most commonly used frameworks from the XUnit family, including JUnit for Java, CppUnit for C++, and NUnit for .NET. It also includes the complete source code for CppUnit for C++ and NUnit for .NET.
The microbiome revolution (2014)

The collection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in and on the human body, collectively known as the microbiome, has recently emerged as an important factor in human physiology and disease. The gut in particular is a biological niche that is home to a diverse array of microbes that influence nearly all aspects of human biology through their interactions with their host; new technologies are beginning to reveal important aspects of host-microbe interactions. Articles in this Review series address how perturbations of the microbiota, such as through antibiotic use, influence its overall structure and function; how our microbiome influences the impact of infectious agents, such as C. difficile; how our microbiome mediates metabolism of xenobiotics; how the microbiota contribute to immunity as well as to metabolic and inflammatory diseases; and the role of commensal microbes in oncogenesis.
Modeling moment of inertia for virtual interactive environments (2005)

Virtual environments have begun using algorithms to model the world around us more accurately by accounting for the mechanical behaviors and properties of objects. Amongst the properties for modeling objects which are used are the moment of inertia, the mass and the center of mass. Many simulators make use of a scalar value for the moment of inertia even though this technique does not accurately represent the anisotropic properties of angular inertia. This paper presents a technique for using an inertia tensor matrix when calculating angular accelerations in virtual environments.