gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Earth Materials (2012)

The fundamental concepts of mineralogy and petrology are explained in this highly illustrated, full-color textbook to create a concise overview for students studying Earth materials. The relationship between minerals and rocks and how they relate to the broader Earth, materials and environmental sciences is interwoven throughout. Beautiful photos of specimens and Crystal-Maker's 3-D illustrations allow students to easily visualize minerals, rocks and crystal structures. Review questions at the end of chapters allow students to check their understanding. The importance of Earth materials to human cultural development and the hazards they pose to humans are discussed in later chapters. This ambitious, wide-ranging book is written by two world-renowned textbook authors each with over 40 years of teaching experience, who bring that experience to clearly convey the important topics.
Calibration for real-time non-invasive blood glucose monitoring (2013)

Blood glucose monitoring is a primary tool for the care of diabetic patients. At present there is no non-invasive monitoring technique of blood glucose concentration that is widely accepted in the medical industry. Some promising success has been shown by the RIT ETA Lab research group that an antenna's resonant frequency can track, in real time, changes in glucose concentration. However, these changes in antenna response would be unique to an individual depending on various parameters such as the person's metabolism, body mass index, chemical profile etc. Therefore, amongst the several issues that still need to be addressed in the development of a noninvasive methodology; an important one is the calibration unique to each individual patient. The objective of the present work is to establish a calibration by developing an equivalent circuit model to represent the antenna input impedance with changing glucose levels. Using the calibration, the glucose level is estimated from the measurement of antenna impedance and resonant frequency at a later date. Measurements were made on a diabetic and non-diabetic subject with a blood glucose meter and with a planar dipole antenna connected to a network analyzer. The network analyzer was automated to make input impedance measurements in real-time using Labview in 15 second intervals and calculates the resonant frequency of the antenna. The resonant frequency of the antenna and the reference glucose values using a blood glucose meter were measured. The resonant frequency of the antenna is plotted in real-time for instant analysis and trends. A linear estimation for the glucose based on the resonant frequency of the antenna was compared to reference measurements taken by a blood glucose meter. 59% estimates were with 20% of the reference measurements for the diabetic patient. An equivalent circuit model, developed to estimate glucose concentration, was found to have a shunt resistance, series capacitance, and shunt inductance. The component values for this circuit are generated from the experimental results of the diabetic patient, unique to the subject. The component values are iteratively varied until they reflect the impedance of the input impedance. Because the input impedance is changing over time, the component values change over time. The calibration model uses fitted equations to the component values from the experimental result that relates the component values to a glucose concentration. This unique equation for the diabetic patient can be used to estimate the glucose level when measuring the input impedance of the antenna at a later date. The experiment was repeated on the diabetic subject and the unique calibration procedure was used to estimate the blood glucose concentration. The estimates represented by the Clarke's Error Grid compared favorably to the measurements made by the blood glucose meter.
Weld strength of laser-assisted tape-placed thermoplastic composites (2012)

Optical phenomena and process model for the laser-assisted tape placement process
A Framework for Estimating XML Query Cardinality. (2003)

Abstract. In the context of XML data management systems, the estimation of query cardinality is becoming more and more important: the information provided by a query result estimator can be used as input to the query optimizer, as an early feedback to user queries, as well as input for determining an optimal storage schema, and it may be helpful in embedded query execution. Existing estimation models for XML queries focus on particular aspects of XML querying, such as the estimation of path and twig expression cardinality, and they do not deal with the problem of predicting the cardinality of general XQuery queries. This paper presents a framework for estimating XML query cardinality. The framework provides facilities for estimating result size of FLWR queries, hence allowing the model designer to concentrate her efforts on the development of adequate and accurate, while concise, statistic summaries for XML data. The framework can also be used for extending existing models to a wider class of XML queries. 1
Modelling differentiated services in UMTS networks (2004)

One of the main features of the third generation (3G) mobile networks is their capability to provide different classes of services; especially multimedia and real-time services in addition to the traditional telephony and data services. These new services, however, will require higher quality of service (QoS) constraints on the network mainly regarding delay, delay variation and packet loss. Additionally, the overall traffic profile in both the air interface and inside the network will be rather different than used to be in today's mobile networks. Therefore, providing QoS for the new services will require more than what a call admission control algorithm can achieve at the border of the network. Continuous buffer control in both the wireless and the fixed part of the network ensures that higher priority traffic is treated in the proper way. This paper proposes and analytically evaluates a buffer management scheme that is based on multilevel priority and partial buffer sharing (PBS) policy for all buffers at the border and inside the wireless network. The analytical model is based on the G/G/1/N censored queue with single server and R (R /spl ges/ 2) priority classes under the head of line (HOL) service rule for the PBS scheme. The traffic is modelled using the generalised exponential distribution. The paper presents an analytical solution based on the approximation using the maximum entropy (ME) principle. The numerical results show the capability of the space prioritised buffer management scheme to provide higher QoS for the higher priority service classes.
Fundamental factorization theorems for rational matrices over complex or real fields (2003)

It is shown that any complex rational matrix G(s) can be factorized over the complex field as a minimal product of n complex rational matrices, each of which has McMillan degree 1, where n is the McMillan degree of G(s). When confined to the real field, G(s) with real coefficient can be factorized as a minimal product of a sequence of real rational matrices with McMillan degree 1 or 2, where the McMillan degrees of the factors add up to n. The results obtained thus settle a long-standing conjecture over the factorization of rational matrices. The proofs of these fundamental factorization theorems are constructive. Therefore, by following the suggested numerical procedures, all the factors over the real or the complex fields can be easily obtained. It is noted that the results obtained can be applied in the design of multiport or multichannel filters which can be realized in a VLSI implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A comparative evaluation on high fiber muffins (1995)

Research on fiber is extensive, yet no study has been done to determine consumer acceptability of physical and sensory characteristics in high fiber muffins. Insoluble fiber improves bowel function and soluble fiber slows carbohydrate digestion and reduces blood cholesterol. Six muffin variations were studied, three with 30% and three with 15% bran fiber. Wheat, combined wheat and oat bran, and oat bran were studied. Moisture content, water holding capacity, fat absorption, density, and hydrated density were studied in the brans. Density, moisture, water holding capacity, and sensory tests were done on the muffins. Wheat bran had a higher moisture content, fat absorption, and lower density than oat bran. Muffins containing 15% wheat flour, 7.5% wheat bran and 7.5% oat bran, and 15% wheat bran and 15% oat bran were acceptable by consumers.
Residual Reconstruction for Block-Based Compressed Sensing of Video (2011)

A simple block-based compressed-sensing reconstruction for still images is adapted to video. Incorporating reconstruction from a residual arising from motion estimation and compensation, the proposed technique alternatively reconstructs frames of the video sequence and their corresponding motion fields in an iterative fashion. Experimental results reveal that the proposed technique achieves significantly higher quality than a straightforward reconstruction that applies a still-image reconstruction independently frame by frame, a 3D reconstruction that exploits temporal correlation between frames merely in the form of a motion-agnostic 3D transform, and a similar, yet non-iterative, motion-compensated residual reconstruction.
dCas9: A Versatile Tool for Epigenome Editing (2017)

The epigenome is a heritable layer of information not encoded in the DNA sequence of the genome, but in chemical modifications of DNA or histones. These chemical modifications, together with transcription factors, operate as spatiotemporal regulators of genome activity. Dissecting epigenome function requires controlled site-specific alteration of epigenetic information. Such control can be obtained using designed DNA-binding platforms associated with effector domains to function as targeted transcription factors or epigenetic modifiers. Here, we review the use of dCas9 as a novel and versatile tool for fundamental studies on epigenetic landscapes, chromatin structure and transcription regulation, and the potential of this approach in basic research in these fields.
High channel-count comb filter based on sampled fiber bragg grating (2012)

Optical frequency comb is of an important interest for all-optical signal processing and microwave photonics. In this study, a PZT-induced phase shift occurred in a linearly chirped 51-channel FBG is experimentally demonstrated. This induced phase shift is fairly stable and the magnitude of the induced phase shift can be controlled. As an important application of this multichannel filter, an ultra-narrow comb-filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, Based on a sampled fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with simultaneous utilization of two amplitude-assisted phase sampling (AAPS) functions and a phase-only sampling (POS) function, a comb filter with excellent channel uniformity is firstly proposed. As an example, an ultra-narrow FBG with consecutive 1377 channels enabling to cover whole band of (O+E+S+C+L+U) is numerically demonstrated, which has a channel-bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and channel spacing of 25 GHz.
Analysis of Financial Time Series in Frequency Domain Using Neural Networks (2019)

Developing new methods for forecasting of time series and application of existing techniques in different areas represents a permanent concern for both researchers and companies that are interested to gain competitive advantages. Financial market analysis is an important thing for investors who invest money on the market and want some kind of security in multiplying their investment. Between the existing techniques, artificial neural networks have proven to be very good in predicting financial market performance. In this chapter, for time series analysis and forecasting of specific values, nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network is used. As an input to the network, both data in time domain and those in the frequency domain obtained using the Fourier transform are used. After the experiment was performed, the results were compared to determine the potentially best time series for predicting, as well as the convenience of the domain in which better results are obtained.
Application of stereo vision to three-dimensional deformation analyses in fracture experiments (1994)

Based on a pinhole camera model, camera model equations that account for the radial lens distortion are used to map three-dimensional (3-D) world coordinates to two-dimensional (2-D) computer image coordinates. Using two cameras to form a stereo vision, the 3-D information can be obtained. It is demonstrated that such stereo imaging systems can be used to measure the 3-D displacement field around the crack tip of a fracture specimen. To compare with the available 2-D theory of fracture mechanics, the measured displacement fields expressed in the world coordinates are converted, through coordinate transformations, to the displacement fields expressed in specimen crack tip coordinates. By using a smoothing technique, the in-plane displacement components are smoothed and the total strains are obtained. Rigid body motion is eliminated from the smoothed in-plane displacement components and unsmoothed out-of-plane displacement. Compared with the theoretical elastic-plastic field at a crack tip, the results appear to be consistent with expected trends, which indicates that the stereo imaging system is a viable tool for the 3-D deformation analysis of fracture specimens.
Real-time web services orchestration and choreography (2010)

Real-Time issues are not usually considered when describing and composing web services. However, modern web services are usually involved in the software implementation of time-constrained business processes [1]. The satisfaction of time constraints is crucial in order to ensure the validity of systems where the response to a certain stimulation has to take place in a shortened period of time. Thus, the service composition problem becomes more complex, since time restrictions should be taken into account both in the choreography and orchestration processes in order to establish the temporal consistency of the web services. In this paper, we present a formal approach for real-time service orchestration and choreography. In this regard, we use UML-RT as a visual and user-friendly notation in order to model services and their interactions, Timed CSP as an underlying formal grounding to enable services verification and WS-BPEL as an execution language.
Kinetic Processes and Phase-transition of CVD Processes for Ti2SiC3 (2010)

In this paper we present a kinetic model based on numerical simulations of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We discuss a model that is based on kinetics of the deposition rates to the material. Such a simple model can explain the experimental results. Based on experiments with Ti3SiC2 we verify our model. Here different processes of ionized Ti+, Ti++ and C are important to achieve our stoichiometry. The numerical methods are based on iterative schemes to solve coupled and nonlinear differential equations. The results are discussed with physical experiments to give a valid model for the assumed growth of thin layers.
Design aspects of multiple driven belt conveyors (2007)

Worldwide belt conveyors are used to transport a great variety of bulk solid materials. The desire to carry higher tonnages over longer distances and more diverse routes, while keeping exploitation costs as low as possible, has fuelled many technological advances. An interesting development in the recent past is the distribution of drive power along the path of a belt conveyor, which has resulted in the multiple driven belt conveyor. The main idea behind this study is based on finding the right balance between the locally applied drive power and the occurring resistances in such a multiple driven belt conveyor system, so the belt tension stays within the safety margins in a controlled manner. Existing sub models describing belt dynamics, mechanical resistances and the transfer of drive force onto the belt are investigated, and expanded if necessary, so they can be combined to create a complete model of a distributed driven belt conveyor. The combined model serves as a base to test existing design rules used for conventional single drive belt conveyors and to investigate what modifications are required in the multiple drive case.
Change of DNA near the origin of replication enhances the transforming capacity of human papovavirus BK (1982)

A turbid-plaque-forming mutant (pm522) of human papovavirus BK, which has a small deletion at about 0.7 map unit and grows somewhat more slowly in human cells than does wild-type BK virus, transformed hamster and rat cells in culture much more efficiently than did wild-type virus. Another plaque morphology mutant, pm525, forming turbid plaques larger than those of pm522 also had a high transforming capacity. The similar difference in transforming capability between wild-type and plaque morphology viruses was observed with DNAs extracted from virions. Recombinant viruses were constructed from the wild-type DNA fragment lacking HindIII-C (0.62 to 0.73 map unit) and pm522 HindIII-C (including the origin of replication) by the molecular cloning method. Characterization of the recombinants showed that the change near the origin of DNA replication was responsible both for the altered plaque morphology and for the enhanced transforming capacity of the BK virus mutant.
The Case for Free Voluntary Reading (1993)

There is abundant evidence demonstrating that free voluntary reading (henceforth FVR) is highly beneficial for language acquisition and literacy development, far more beneficial than direct instruction (Krashen, 1993). In this paper, I briefly review this evidence, and also present evidence suggesting that FVR has other advantages:
Magnetic contour tracing (2002)

We present an interactive tool for image object boundary specification for the segmentation of unknown images. It feels like a freehand drawing tool, but behaves according to constraints related to the semantics of image object boundary formation. We find the path as the user traces by interpreting the user data as an approximation to the object boundary. From this, we derive the set of 8-connected paths which may be part of the boundary. To select the best path, we design a cost function in terms of the user data and the image data (e.g. gradient magnitude), and select a minimum cost path using a dynamic programming algorithm. A smooth path is produced that follows the user in low contrast regions and the object boundary otherwise. A method to tune the tool for specific conditions is described. We present quantitative results obtained for a simulated user using random data and qualitative results for a real user tracing in real images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-temperature superconducting current leads (1993)

The author reviews major high-temperature superconductor (NTS) current-lead concepts and presents several new considerations that should affect design of HTS leads. Considerable advantage is achieved by operating these leads with an intermediate-temperature heat sink. The HTS part of the lead can be made from pressed and sintered powder. Powder-in-tube fabrication is also possible, but the normal metal part of the lead acts as a thermal short and cannot provide much stabilization without increasing the refrigeration requirement. For lead stability, designs with low current density are favored. Such leads can be manufactured with today's technology, and refrigeration requirements are lower for the same allowable burnout time. Higher current densities result in lower helium boil-off for the same lead length, but burnout times can be very short. In comparing experiment to theory in open systems, the density of helium vapor must be accounted for in calculating the expected boil-off. For very-low-loss leads, two-dimensional heat transfer and the state of the dewar near the leads may play dominant roles in lead performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Placebo-Controlled Study of Nefazodone for the Treatment of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2004)

Nefazodone is a unique serotonergic antidepressant that acts as both a presynaptic serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antagonist. Based on the positive results of open-label trials of nefazodone, including one from our group, we tested nefazodone's efficacy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) under placebo-controlled conditions. Forty-one patients with chronic PTSD, predominantly male combat veterans, were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial of nefazodone. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Fifteen patients were randomized to placebo and 26 were randomized to nefazodone. In a repeated-measures analysis of variance with last observation carried forward, patients on nefazodone showed a significant improvement in the percentage change of Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Total score from baseline compared with those on placebo (P = 0.04; effect size = 0.6). Sample size was not powered to test group differences in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale criterion B, C, or D subscale. However, the criterion D subscale showed significant improvement in patients treated with nefazodone compared with those treated with placebo (P = 0.007). In addition, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression showed significant improvement compared with placebo (P = 0.008). The nefazodone group also reported an improvement on the PTSD Checklist (self-report scale; P = 0.08) and the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (P = 0.06). This pilot study supports the efficacy of nefazodone for the treatment of PTSD. However, larger placebo-controlled studies in more diverse patient population are warranted.
Influence of steam pretreatment severity on post‐treatments used to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated softwoods at low enzyme loadings (2011)

It is recognized that some form of post-treatment will usually be required if reasonable hydrolysis yields (>60%) of steam pretreated softwood are to be achieved when using low enzyme loadings (5 FPU/g cellulose). In the work reported here we modified/removed lignin from steam pretreated softwood while investigating the influence that the severity of pretreatment might have on the effectiveness of subsequent post-treatments. Although treatment at a lower severity could provide better overall hemicellulose recovery, post-treatment was not as effective on the cellulosic component. Pretreatment at medium severity resulted in the best compromise, providing reasonable recovery of the water soluble hemicellulose sugars and the use of post-treatment conditions that significantly increased the enzymatic hydrolysis of the water insoluble cellulosic component. Post-treatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide or neutral sulfonation resulted in 62% cellulose hydrolysis at an enzyme loading of 5 FPU/g cellulose, which was four times greater than was obtained when the cellulosic fraction was not post-treated. When the enzyme loading was increased to 15 FPU/g cellulose, the post-treated cellulosic fraction was almost completely hydrolyzed to glucose. Despite the higher lignin content (44%) of the sulfonated substrate, similar hydrolysis yields to those achieved after alkaline peroxide post-treatment (14% lignin content) indicated that, in addition to lignin removal, lignin modification also plays an important role in influencing the effectiveness of hydrolysis when low enzyme loadings are used.