gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Model Class A<sub>1</sub>, Class A<sub>2</sub>, and Class Y Amphipathic Helical Peptides with Membranes (1996)

To test the hypothesis that differences in the lipid affinity of exchangeable apolipoproteins are due to the presence of different classes of amphipathic alpha-helical motifs which differ primarily in the distribution of charged amino acid residues, we designed and synthesized model peptides mimicking class A1, class A2, and class Y amphipathic helices present in these apolipoproteins. Both class A1 and class A2 helices have positive residues at the polar-nonpolar interface and negative residues at the center of the polar face. However, clustering of positive and negative residues is less exact in class A1 compared to class A2 helices. The class Y helices have two negative residue clusters on the polar face separating the two arms and the base of the Y motif formed by three positive residue clusters. The lipid affinities of three 18 residue model peptides representing these classes, Ac-18A1-NH2 (Ac-ELLEKWAEKLAALKEALK-NH2), Ac-18A2-NH2 (Ac-ELLEKWKEALAALAEKLK-NH2), and Ac-18Y-NH2 (Ac-ELLKAWKEALEALKEKLA-NH2), were determined by right-angle light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The observed rank order of lipid affinity of these three peptides is: Ac-18A2-NH2 > Ac-18Y-NH2 > Ac-18A1-NH2. This order is consistent with the known lipid affinity of exchangeable apolipoproteins containing class A1, class A2, and class Y helices (class A2 > class Y > class A1). Results of this study illustrate the important role of interfacial lysine residues in modulating the lipid affinity of amphipathic helices and suggest that the effect of interfacial lysine residues in increasing lipid affinity is additive. We propose that interfacial lysine residues, in addition to widening the hydrophobic face because of snorkeling, also help anchor the amphipathic helix in the lipid bilayer.
Advances in optical fiber distributed temperature sensing using the Landau-Placzek ratio (1998)

This letter demonstrates the recent achievements in the field of optical fiber distributed temperature sensing utilising the Landau-Placzek ratio. We report a novel method of producing both the Rayleigh and Brillouin backscattered signals using a single laser source that may be scanned over 5 nm to reduce coherent Rayleigh noise. A spatial resolution of 10 m and temperature resolution of 1.4/spl deg/C has now been achieved using this technique.
Una perspectiva internacional sobre los sistemas de control externo de las finanzas locales como guía para su reforma en los municipios españoles (2002)

La eficacia en el funcionamiento de los organismos publicos requiere de una transparencia informativa que permita determinar y depurar cualquier tipo de responsabilidad. Los caminos elegidos por parte de las autoridades de distintos paises a este respecto siguen filosofias diferentes. Teniendo presente las claras limitaciones con las que se encuentra el sistema de control externo en sus tareas fiscalizadoras sobre la gestion economica de los municipios espanoles, se ha procedido a realizar un analisis exploratorio de las diversas alternativas que se estan aplicando actualmente en distintos paises de cultura occidental. Por ello, con este trabajo se trataran de identificar cuales son los principales puntos fuertes y debiles de cada sistema, de forma que nos sirvan de guia en la necesaria reforma de un sistema de control que, hasta nuestros dias, no ha sido capaz de dar una respuesta adecuada a los fines para el cual se ha constituido.
Degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using ionic liquids (2009)

The degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was successfully achieved using ionic liquids. The products were separated according to their solubilities in boiling water. Average molecular weights of the main product were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The physicochemical properties of the product have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffractometer, infrared spectrometric analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analysis instrument. The influences of experimental parameters, such as the reaction time, reaction temperature, and addition of different catalysts on the solubility of PET were investigated. A study on the recycling of the ionic liquid shows that ionic liquid could be used repeatedly. Moreover, the solubility of PET in the recycled ionic liquid is higher than that in fresh ionic liquid. Further study shows that the increase of solubility in the recycled ionic liquid is attributable to the presence of a minor amount of water. A mechanism of the degradation of PET in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) was proposed. In addition, the kinetics of this reaction was investigated. Results show that this degradation process is a first-order kinetic reaction and the activation energy is 232.79 kJ mol−1.
A Classification System for California's Hardwood Rangelands (1991)

A hardwood rangeland classification system for California is described. The system provides private landowners, land managers, and researchers a unifying framework from which known ecological and management information can be retrieved. Standardization of type names facilitates the exchange of information on hardwood rangelands within and among agencies, landowners, and universities. The dichotomous keys to the type descriptions ensure that the system is field oriented and user-friendly. The classification system consists of 57 subseries arranged hierarchically within 7 Series. The oak series are defined by the dominant oak species present on the site. A Mixed Oak Series is also defined from sites that contain three or more species of oak at constancies of greater than 30%. This system does not include subseries descriptions for Engelmann or garry oak types. The classification system was developed from approximately 4,300 plots collected as part of the Vegetation Type Map (VTM) survey conducted during the 1920s-1940s by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, and approximately 500 plots collected as part of the Forest Inventory conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station in the 1970s and 1980s. The base information on species composition, percent cover by species, tree stand structure, and environment was collected on 1/5-acre plots. Species cover was determined from a 33' by 66' belt transect on each plot. The classification structure was developed using TWINSPAN, a polythetic, divisive classification program developed by Hill (1979a). Further analyses were performed using DECORANA, and frequencies, regression, and analysis of variance. The information contained in the final type descriptions was developed from VTM data only. The keys and type descriptions have been field tested and verified at several locations in the State, such as Hopland Field Station, Sierra Field Station, Hastings Reserve, and the San Joaquin Experiment Station. The tests were conducted by individuals familiar with hardwood rangeland ecosystems and those who were not. Ongoing use of the keys and descriptions in other parts of the State will provide information for further refinement of keys and descriptions. Additional information on potential productivity and response to management will be incorporated into the descriptions by users as they identify the types that they are working in by the classification subseries names.
The Study of CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma/Catalyst System. (2012)

The continual and increasing use of fossil fuels throughout the world has advanced concerns of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, causing a swell of scientific effort to mitigate the predicted effects of global warming. While several technological and public policy efforts have been proposed, none seem to address eliminating the actual problem, the carbon dioxide molecule. One possible solution to address this challenge is the use of a plasma source to break the molecule into carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen. The CO can be filtered out for use in chemical and industrial processes, or CO can be added to hydrogen to create synthesis gas. This dissertation experimentally investigates the conversion of CO2 to CO in an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma/catalyst system. Diagnostics such as mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy are used to identify the gas species present after plasma treatment and to measure the defining plasma properties, temperature and density. The CO2 gas is first treated with plasma alone, and then is treated with a combination of plasma and rhodium (Rh) catalyst material. In conjunction with the experimental work, computational studies of plasma CO2 dissociation are performed using a global kinetic model to determine the theoretical gas species densities resulting from electron-impact and gas phase reactions. While the plasma system alone was able to achieve a 20% energy efficiency, the Rh catalyst actually caused a drop in efficiency due to reverse reactions occurring on the surface. A total cost analysis of the existing system has shown that it does not meet the necessary energy efficiency requirements to be competitive against current technological capture and storage options. However, with the addition of hydrogen or water vapor the plasma system could create a usable product of hydrocarbons, essentially lowering the overall economic cost of the dissociation process. A plasma CO2/H2O dissociation system could present a legitimate solution to controlling excess anthropogenic carbon emissions.
Examining IT Outsourcing Service Continuance: An Expectation-Confirmation Model (2011)

This is a research-in-progress paper that examines clientsâ decision to continue engaging their current IT outsourcing vendors. It employs the lens of expectation-confirmation theory to evaluate how prior expectation relates to the evaluation of actual vendor performance, how expectation-confirmation influences client satisfaction, and how it leads to the decision of outsourcing service (dis)continuance. The theory suggests that positive confirmation and positive disconfirmation lead to client satisfaction and higher probability of outsourcing service continuance while negative disconfirmation leads to dissatisfaction and service discontinuance. Formation of expectation is a dynamic process as clients continuously updating their expectations based on new experiences. When performing expectation-confirmation evaluation, clients may refer to new expectations that are not present prior to relationship engagement but are formed during the course of the relationship.
Protein Secretion by the Rat Epididymis Can Be Selectively Modified <i>In Vitro</i> by Local Anesthetics, Glucose Deprivation, Dinitrophenol, Ouabain, and Ionophores (1984)

Protein secretion by the caput epididymidis has been examined in vitro using radioactive methionine as a precursor for protein synthesis. Newly synthesized and secreted proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. Local anesthetics such as procaine had the ability to reduce the secretion of some, but not all, proteins. Selective inhibition of secretion of the same proteins occurred when either dihydrocytochalasin B, monensin, ouabain, or dinitrophenol was added to the medium, or when the concentration of glucose was reduced below 1 mM. Calcium ionophore also selectively modified protein secretion, but the proteins affected were different from those influenced by local anesthetics. Other agents tested (eg, adrenergic and cholinergic agonists and antagonists, sodium pentobarbitone, antipsychotic drugs, cyclic AMP, colchicine) did not selectively modify protein secretion, even though overall protein synthesis and secretion was reduced in some instances. Procaine and dihydrocytochalasin B also reduced glucose utilization by epididymal tissue and it is suggested that these agents may reduce protein secretion by limiting the supply of energy for the exocytotic process. This conclusion is supported by the fact that dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, caused a similar alteration in protein secretion. The possibility that a restricted energy supply modifies protein secretion primarily by creating a disturbed intracellular Na/K balance is suggested by the observation that the monovalent ionophore, monensin, and the Na/K ATPase inhibitor, ouabain, were both able to duplicate the effects of the local anesthetics.
Comparison Between the Results of an Automatic and a Visual Scoring of Sleep EEG Recordings (1989)

In this paper, results from the visual scoring of nocturnal polygraphic recordings, carried out by nine different groups of readers from different Italian sleep laboratories, are analyzed; inter-and intragroup variability is shown and statistically discussed. Data are then compared with the results of an automatic scoring of the same recordings, carried out by the Medilog Sleep Stager. The validity of this automatic method of scoring is discussed. Finally, an epoch by epoch analysis is described, with the aim of achieving a more detailed evaluation of the intergroup variability.
Image reconstruction from frequency domain data on arbitrary contours (2005)

This paper presents a new view of the problem of image reconstruction in the spatial Fourier domain based on the generalized projections of a two-dimensional image. The algorithms that are presented are derived from the exact continuous relations between the Fourier transforms of a spatially limited image and those of its generalized projections. A Fourier domain reconstruction formula is derived that is a natural consequence of these relations giving values of the two-dimensional transform on a regular grid useful for inverse FFT. This approach is contrasted with the more ad hoc methods of Fourier domain interpolation and with the spatial domain approaches such as the backprojection and backpropagation methods.
Genomic Relatedness of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> Strains Causing Diseases of Citrus (1991)

Xanthomonas campestris strains that cause disease in citrus were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA fragments separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by DNA reassociation. Strains of X. campestris pv. citrumelo, which cause citrus bacterial spot, were, on average, 88% related to each other by DNA reassociation, although these strains exhibited diverse restriction digest patterns. In contrast, strains of X. campestris pv. citri groups A and B, which cause canker A and canker B, respectively, had relatively homogeneous restriction digest patterns. The groups of strains causing these three different citrus diseases were examined by DNA reassociation and were found to be from 55 to 63% related to one another. Several pathovars of X. campestris, previously shown to cause weakly aggressive symptoms on citrus, ranged from 83 to 90% similar to X. campestris pv. citrumelo by DNA reassociation. The type strain of X. campestris pv. campestris ranged from 30 to 40% similar in DNA reassociation experiments to strains of X. campestris pv. citrumelo and X. campestris pv. citri groups A and B. Whereas DNA reassociation quantified the difference between relatively unrelated groups of bacterial strains, restriction endonuclease analysis distinguished between closely related strains.
<title>The Fabrication Of Fine Lens Arrays By Laser Beam Writing</title> (1983)

Lenticular arrays with near diffraction-limited performance have been generated by laser beam writing. A photoresist film is exposed in a line raster mode by scanning under an intensity-modulated focused laser beam; subsequent development of the resist film produces the desired lenticular relief profile. The writing of exposure patterns by raster scanning is analyzed, and it is shown that very precise positioning of each raster line is required to avoid unwanted modulation terms. A low cost xy positioning table with better than 20 nm dynamic positioning accuracy was constructed to satisfy this requirement, and has been used to generate high quality fine lenticular arrays with lenslets of widths down to 20 μm and relief depths up to about 4 μm.
An Exploration of Hole Filling Algorithms (2008)

Laser range scanning is one of the leading methods for the acquisition of 3D models from real world objects. This process, however, introduces significant excess topological handles which increases the complexity of future processing, and lowers the quality of the acquired models. Previous research has shown that the hole filling step of the model creation pipeline is the primary cause of excess handles. We explore the hole filling process in detail and discuss the limits of hole fillers that work on the reconstructed surface and of those that work in the volumetric setting. In addition, we present our algorithm which aims to reduce the excess handles by adapting and improving filters that work in the volumetric domain to fill holes in the scanned data. Using these filters we are able to reduce the topological noise by 47% and to improve the output appearance of surfaces processed by existing hole fillers.
A prospective longitudinal study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Apathy in AD is a behavioural marker of a more aggressive dementia, characterised by a faster progression of cognitive, functional, and emotional impairment.
Intracellular PO2 in long axis of individual fibers in working dog gracilis muscle (1988)

Dog gracilis muscles were frozen in situ during twitch contraction at 25-100% of aerobic capacity. O2 saturation of myoglobin (Mb) was determined from spectrophotometric measurements along individual fibers. Intracellular PO2 was calculated from the oxymyoglobin dissociation curve. At all work rates, long lengths of fibers were found in which saturation and PO2 were within the 4% error of measurement. During work at approximately 25% of aerobic capacity, Mb functioned at high saturation on the shallow slope of its dissociation curve. Consequently PO2 was poorly buffered. Although the range of saturation was small, PO2 varied up to 15 Torr along a fiber, and gradients up to 0.3 Torr/micron were observed. In contrast, at high O2 consumption (VO2), Mb functioned on the steep slope of its dissociation curve. Therefore gradients in intracellular PO2 along the axis of a myocyte were small (less than 0.05 Torr/micron) despite large gradients in Mb saturation (up to 0.5%/micron). Changes in intracellular PO2 over hundreds of microns did not reflect the large drop in intracapillary PO2 between arterioles and venules. Because intracellular PO2 is low and relatively uniform in the long axis of a fiber, the driving force for release of O2 from blood is dominated by intravascular PO2 in working red muscle.
Clinical Picture of Frontal Lobe Degeneration of Non-Alzheimer Type (1993)

Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type (FLD) is the second most common primary degenerative dementia in southern Sweden. Clinical findings in 30 FLD cases with postmortem-verified diagnoses are described. FLD starts in the presenium with a mean disease duration of 7.5 years (range 3-17 years). Clinical onset is insidious and slow and the early stage is dominated by personality changes with lack of insight and judgement and signs of disinhibition. A typical feature is progressive loss of expressive speech with stereotyped phrases, late mutism and amimia. Restlessness, changes of oral/dietary behavior and utilization behavior are prevalent as also psychotic features. Temporal and spatial orientation are usually preserved for a long time in contrast to Alzheimer's disease. Dementia in FLD is similar to that of Pick's disease and ALS with dementia. Early recognition of FLD seems possible based on standardized clinical evaluation supported by neuropsychological tests, measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and other types of brain imaging. The etiology of FLD is unknown but a positive heredity was reported in 60%.
A threaded/flow approach to reconfigurable distributed systems and service primitives architectures (1987)

This paper discusses a methodology for managing the assembly, control, and disassembly of large numbers of independent small-scale configurations within large-scale reconfigurable distributed systems. The approach is targeted at service primitives architectures for enhanced telecommunications networks, but can apply to more general settings such as multi-tasking supercomputers and network operations systems.* Study of the methods presented here was a key motivation in founding the Bell Communications Research Integrated Media Architecture Laboratory (IMAL) [1].
k-NN graph construction based on markov random walk (2015)

k-nearest-neighbors (k-NN) graphs are widely used in image retrieval, machine learning and other research fields. Selecting its neighbors is a core for constructing the k-NN graph. However, existing selection methods usually encounter some unreliable neighbors in the k-NN graph. This paper proposes an efficient Markov random walk (MRW) based method for selecting more reliable neighbors for constructing the k-NN graph. The MRW model is defined on the raw k-NN graph. The k-NN of a sample is determined by the probability of the MRW. Since the high order transition probabilities reflects complex relationships among data, the neighbors in the graph obtained by our proposed method are more reliable than those of existing methods. Also, our proposed method can improve the performances of some applications with k-NN graph. Experiments are performed on the synthetic and real datasets for comparison. The results show that the graph obtained by our proposed method better correspond to the structure of the data compared to those of the state-of-the-art methods.
Abdominal Multidetector Row Computed Tomography (2003)

Using a saline flush after the contrast material bolus in abdominal MDCT allows an iodine dose reduction of approximately 6 g, or 17%, without impairing mean parenchymal and vascular enhancement and a cost reduction of 7.30 dollars per patient.
High-bandwidth control of the head-positioning mechanism in a Winchester disk drive (1987)

Modern disk drives use fast voice coil actuators for the positioning of magnetic heads onto desired tracks and for keeping them on track against various disturbances by closed-loop control. Problems stem from high-desired control bandwidth (∼ 1 kHz) requiring digital signal processing rates above 10 kHz and from complexity due to structural mechanics effects.
A new species of<i>Trombiculindus</i>(Acari: Trombiculidae) from<i>Soriculus caudatus</i>(Insectivora: Soricidae) in Nepal (1987)

Abstract Trombiculindus lukoschusi is described as new from specimens taken off Soriculus caudatus (Insectivora: Soricidae) collected in Nepal.
Variation in Randomly Amplified DNA Markers and Storage Root Yield in `Jewel' Sweetpotato Clones (1995)

Polymorphism analysis and yield tests were conducted among `Jewel' sweetpotato clones [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] obtained from eight state foundation seed programs. Initially, 38 arbitrary primers generated a total of 110 scorable DNA fragments in a sample of virus-indexed plants from each clone source. The number of marker loci scored for each primer varied from one to eight with an average of 2.89. Twenty-one bands (19.1%) were scored as putative polymorphic markers based on the presence or absence of amplified products. Further estimation of variability within each clone source was accomplished by an assay of 10 sample plants per clone group by 14 marker loci generated by four selected primers. Polymorphic bands ranged from 7.1% to 35.7 % in five of eight clone groups. Field studies show variation in nearly all yield grades measured. In three tests during the 1991 and 1992 seasons, yield differences ranged from 27% to 46% within the economically important U.S. no. 1 root grade. The results suggest the usefulness of arbitrarily-primed markers in detecting intra-clonal sweetpotato DNA polymorphisms and indicate an underlying genetic cause for phenotypic variability in the crop.