gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved CSMA/CA Protocol for IEEE 802.11 (2008)

This paper describes a modification of the CSMA/CA protocol used in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks for improving medium reservation actions. The modification promotes bidirectional data transfers between stations that reserve the medium using an RTS/CTS handshake. This approach reduces the amount of RTS/CTS handshakes required when two stations have simultaneously data to send to each other. Consequently, we improve the occupation of the medium with useful data transfers and minimize RTS collisions by reducing the number of RTS/CTS handshakes required to exchange data. Theoretical performance evaluations with several operational parameters and data volumes showed a reduction of 7 to 47% of the elapsed time to complete a bidirectional data exchange. Fairness in the medium access is kept but stations should use extra policies for preventing frames in output queues to take too long to be transmitted; a simple policy based on per-frame counters is sketched.
PARP inhibitors in cancer diagnosis and therapy (2020)

Targeting of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) enzymes has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy to selectively target cancer cells with deficiencies in homologous recombination (HR) signaling. Currently used to treat BRCA-mutated cancers, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated improved outcome in various cancer types as single agents. Ongoing efforts have seen the exploitation of PARPi combination therapies, boosting patient responses as a result of drug synergisms. Despite great successes using PARPi therapy, selecting those patients who will benefit from single agent or combination therapy remains one of the major challenges. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the presence of a BRCA mutation does not always result in synthetic lethality with PARPi therapy in treatment-naïve tumors. Cancer cells can also develop resistance to PARPi therapy. Hence, combination therapy may significantly affect the treatment outcomes. In this review, we discuss the development and utilization of PARPi in different cancer types from preclinical models to clinical trials, provide a current overview of the potential uses of PARP imaging agents in cancer therapy, and discuss the use of radiolabeled PARPi as radionuclide therapies.\n\n
A simple yet effective technique for partitioning (1993)

Partitioning is an important step in the top-down design of large complicated integrated circuits. In this paper, a simple yet effective partitioning technique is described. It is based on the clustering of "closely" connected cells and the gradual enforcement of size-constraints. At the beginning, clusters are formed in the bottom-up fashion to reduce the problem size. Then the clusters are partitioned using several different parameters to find a good starting point. The best result achieved during the cluster partitioning is used as the initial solution for the lower level partitioning. The gradual constraint enforcement technique is used to cope with the local minimum problems. It allows cells or clusters to move with more freedom among the subsets during earlier iterations and thus may effectively find a near optimum solution. Several experimental results show that the new partitioning technique produces favorable results. In particular, the method outperforms the F&M method by more than 60% in the number of crossing nets on average.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plots of <i>P</i>-values to evaluate many tests simultaneously (1982)

When a large number of tests are made, possibly on the same data, it is proposed to base a simultaneous evaluation of all the tests on a plot of cumulative P-values using the observed significance probabilities. The points corresponding to true null hypotheses should form a straight line, while those for false null hypotheses should deviate from this line. The line may be used to estimate the number of true hypotheses. The properties of the method are studied in some detail for the problems of comparing all pairs of means in a one-way layout, testing all correlation coefficients in a large correlation matrix, and the evaluation of all 2×2 subtables in a contingency table. The plot is illustrated on real data.
INDIRECT SELECTION AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT FOR NUTRIENT QUALITY TRAITS IN INDICA RICE (1996)

Genetic correlations analysis between nutrient traits of rice and otherquality traits was conducted for the experiment of incomplete diallel crosses with nine cytoplasmic male sterile lines and five restorer lines in Indica rice，by using the genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds of cereal crops. The results showed that there existed significant genetic correlations including endosperm direct additive correlation(rA)， endosperm direct dominance correlation(rp),cytoplasmic correlation (rc),maternal addi-tive correlation (rA.),and maternal dominance correlation (rDm) for most of the pairwise traits. Indirect selection were expected for the pairwise traits which had significant positive rA，rA. and rc，such as brown rice weight and lysine index. Except for the pairwise traits of brown rice width and nutrient quality traits，the simultaneous improvement were not available for the pairwise traits which the additive correlations were negativeand cytoplasmic correlation was also negative or not significant, such as protein content and ratio of length to width. Since most of the cytoplasmic effects for the pairwise traits were significantly positive and had larger correlation coefficients，it was important for the cytoplasmic correlation which controlled the relationship of different quality traits ofrice in genetic correlation. The pairwise traits which had significant dominance correlations,such as protein content and brown rice width,could be effectively applied in hybrid rice breeding.
The measurement and routine checking of mammography X-ray tube kV (1991)

The following topics are discussed: kV calibration of X-ray sets using a fluorescence technique; results of fluorescence calibration of X-ray sets; measurements with kV meter on calibrated X-ray sets; performance of the RMI 232 kV meter under various conditions; consistency of calibration between different RMI kV meters.
Nonlinear materials with photoinduced index change and applications (1984)

The real time generation and processing of coherent optical waves require nonlinear optical materials allowing a fast reversible index change under incident illumination. The author presents the main physical mechanisms used for this purpose, with a particular emphasis on photorefractive and semiconductor materials which require a low incident intensity. Presented applications concern optical phase conjunction, dynamic holography, bistability and self induced optical cavities.
A coherent COFDM modulation system for a time-varying frequency-selective underwater acoustic channel (1997)

This paper considers the benefits of using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and coded OFDM for underwater acoustic communications where the channel characteristics are extremely dispersive due to severe multipath propagation and Doppler spread and the channel statistics are non-stationary. The fundamental concepts and characteristics of the COFDM underwater acoustic communication system are first described. Computer simulations of a coherent COFDM system for a low frequency medium range shallow underwater acoustic (UWA) communications channel using QPSK modulation are then presented. The robustness of the technique (quantified in terms of the system constellation diagram and the bit error rate) is then demonstrated.
Purification of Clinical-Grade Monoclonal Antibodies by Chromatographic Methods (2005)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)—reagents mass-produced in the laboratory to recognize a specific molecular target ()—are currently the most widely used proteinbased therapeutic and diagnostic molecules in clinical trials (). This chapter presents the most effective ready-to-use protocol for MAb purification of clinical-grade standard. Samples of high purity are often produced via a highly selective single step. However, an appropriate combination of chromatographic materials in at least two orthogonal (i.e., based on two different mechanisms) steps is mandatory for obtaining clinical-grade MAbs for the in vitro functional analysis of ligand signals on cell-based assays and protein expression changes on arrayed MAb biochips (), or in vivo preclinical and therapeutic applications ().
The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum (2014)

With demand for petroleum products increasing worldwide, there is a tendency for existing refineries to seek new approaches to optimize efficiency and throughput. In addition, changes in product specifications due to environmental regulations greatly influence the development of petroleum refining technologies. These factors underlie the need for t
Interactions between hydrocarbon surfaces in a nonpolar liquid: effect of surface properties on solvation forces (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions between hydrocarbon surfaces in a nonpolar liquid: effect of surface properties on solvation forcesHugo K. ChristensonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 1, 4–6Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100273a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100273a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nanocomposite of semiconducting ferroelectric antimony sulphoiodide dots-doped glasses (1999)

Abstract Antimony sulphoiodide (SbSI) is a semiconducting ferroelectric crystal. The SbSI possesses attractive properties, such as high pizoelectric constant, very high dielectric permittivity, and high electro-optic coefficient, but it is very difficult to grow a single crystal with bigger size. Currently, a method for synthesis of SbSI by liquid reaction has been developed in our laboratory. Nanocomposites of SbSI dots in sodium borosilicate glass as well as in organic modified silicate (ORMOSIL) matrix have been fabricated by the sol-gel technique. The dot size is controlled by processing conditions. The nanocomposites were characterized by x-ray diffraction and high resolution TEM. Quantum confinement effect was observed on optical spectra. Nonlinear optical property, the third order susceptibility χ(3). of the SbSI dots-doped glasses was measured by four wave mixing method at 532 nm. The value of χ(3) was found to be 6 χ 10−11 esu at this non-resonant wavelength.
El abrigo de La Higuera:: un santuario de la fecundidad (1995)

Description des peintures rupestres de l'abri de la Higuera a Alcaine, considere par l'A. comme un sanctuaire en relation avec des rites de fecondite
Non-Contact Ranging Using Dynamic Fringe Projection (1989)

Major advances in imaging technology have seen the advent of 3-dimensional imaging systems, and the ensuing advantages that they have over 2-dimensional systems in many situations. Both passive and active systems for 3-dimensional image production have been widely used for robot control, and for high accuracy measurements in engineering metrology. This paper will concentrate on a discussion of the development of a new instrument employing dynamic fringe projection techniques, capable of simultaneously measuring the range at each point in the field of view of, say, a CCD camera in real time. The instrument, called the Dynamic Automated Range Transducer, (DART), uses a method of fringe projection based upon the principle of triangulation. The current investigations aimed at automating the ranging process will be described, and an error analysis and theoretical maximum resolution of the system will be included.
Bidirectional Remote Procedure Call on RPC-over-RDMA Transports (2017)

Minor versions of Network File System (NFS) version 4 newer than minor
version 0 work best when Remote Procedure Call (RPC) transports can
send RPC transactions in both directions on the same connection. This
document describes how RPC transport endpoints capable of Remote
Direct Memory Access (RDMA) convey RPCs in both directions on a single
connection.
Calculation of the surface temperature of a solid under electron bombardment (1963)

The temperature on the surface of any solid under electron bombardment can be calculated by classical means if the thermal properties and the energy dissipation within the range of the electrons are known. Two different dissipation functions were assumed, both of which have some theoretical justification. The surface temperature computed with these two assumptions is compared in two normalized diagrams. The first dissipation function is derived from range measurement, while the second is taken from the computations of L. V. Spencer. The method of heat flow computation is explained and it is shown that any new solid or any better value of thermal properties can be introduced by using two new scaling factors. (auth)
Treatment of neutrophils with cytochalasins converts rolling to stationary adhesion on P‐selectin (1998)

We investigated how disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasins modified adhesion of neutrophils rolling on a platelet monolayer in vitro at 37°C. When perfused at a wall shear stress of 0.1 Pa over rolling cells, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D and dihydro-cytochalasin B each induced dose-dependent (∼1–10 μg/ml) conversion to stationary attachment over minutes. Stopping was associated with cell elongation to a teardrop shape. Increased deformability of cytochalasin-treated cells was independently evidenced by more rapid entry into a micropipette. Spherical shape and rolling were reestablished concurrently on washout of the cytochalasins, while increasing the shear stress in the range 0.2 to 1.0 Pa induced tear-drop-shaped cells to restart rolling even in the continued presence of cytochalasin. When cells were pretreated with cytochalasin B, they attached efficiently at 0.1 Pa, rolled initially and only stopped after ∼30 seconds when elongation had been established. Adhesion was selectin-mediated in the presence or absence of cytochalasin B, as judged by inhibition of attachment by antibody against P-selectin and failure of antibody against β2-integrin CD18 to influence adhesion. Cessation of rolling is unlikely to have arisen from an increase in adhesive contact area induced by deformation because stopped cells were found to be attached only at their pointed end. Failure of adhesive bonds to peel may have arisen because selectin ligands freed of cytoskeletal restraint were dragged into this tethered region and clustered there, and because force applied to bonds was influenced by the change in cell shape. These results suggest that cytoskeletal structure is an important modulator of dynamic adhesive responses of leukocytes, via effects on adhesion receptors and cellular mechanics. J. Cell. Physiol. 174:206–216, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
How Relevant Are Cytokines in Colorectal Cancer Wasting? (2007)

This study confirms the fact that wasting in colorectal cancer is correlated with tumor burden and histologic aggressiveness and suggests that both characteristics lead to overproduction of IFN-gamma, VEGF, and pro-cachectic cytokines, all of which may cause higher metabolic rates, poor intake, and nonresponse to RT.
Managing a Retailer's Shelf Space, Inventory, and Transportation (2001)

Retailers must constantly strive for excellence in operations; extremely narrow profit margins leave little room for waste and inefficiency. This article reports a retailer's challenge to balance transportation, shelf space, and inventory costs. A retailer sells multiple products with stochastic demand. Trucks are dispatched from a warehouse and arrive at a store with a constant lead time. Each truck has a finite capacity and incurs a fixed shipping cost, no matter the number of units shipped. There is a per unit shelf-space cost as well as holding and backorder penalty costs. Three policies are considered for dispatching trucks: a minimum quantity continuous review policy, a full service periodic review policy, and a minimum quantity periodic review policy. The first policy ships a truck when demand since the previous shipment equals a fixed fraction of a truck's capacity, i.e., a minimum truck utilization. The exact analysis of that policy is the same as the analysis of reorder point policies for the multiechelon problem with one-warehouse, multiple retailers, and stochastic demand. That analysis is not computationally prohibitive, but the minimum quantity level can be chosen with a simple economic order quantity (EOQ) heuristic. An extensive numerical study finds the following: Either of the two periodic review policies may have substantially higher costs than the continuous review policy, in particular when the warehouse to store lead time is short; the EOQ heuristic performs quite well; the minimum quantity policy's total cost is relatively insensitive to the chosen transportation utilization, and its total cost is close to a lower bound developed for this problem.
Transition Zone Behaviour: The Measurement of Bounding and Scanning Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Curves at Reservoir Conditions for a Giant Carbonate Reservoir (2014)

Abstract Significant reserves are held in the transition zone of an Abu Dhabi carbonate reservoir, but uncertainty exists in how relative permeability (kr), capillary pressure (Pc) and residual saturations vary with initial water saturation throughout the column. A study has been undertaken to provide an improved understanding of the water flood recovery and remaining oil saturation distribution within the transition zone by better definition of the scanning kr and Pc curves. Primary drainage, and imbibition from irreducible water saturation were measured for both kr and Pc to provide the "bounding" data. Imbibition kr and Pc curves were then measured at three higher initial water saturations up to 0.60PV. The semi dynamic method was used for Pc measurements and steady state method for kr. All tests were performed with live reservoir fluids at full reservoir conditions with in-situ saturation monitoring (ISSM). Drainage curves are often measured in the laboratory with refined oil and then aged with live crude oil at Swirr. This may not truly reflect the reservoir wetting conditions and so in this study both the primary drainage kr and Pc measurements were performed with live reservoir crude oil. During the drainage tests an ageing period was allowed at each progressively higher oil saturation as new regions of the pore space were exposed to crude oil. Transition zones are typically modelled using curves that "scan" from the drainage curve origin to the imbibition curve as water saturation increases. Models typically show a distinct separation between the drainage and imbibition bounding curves, within which the scanning curves are located. The shape of the scanning curve is dependent on the model used and typically retains the characteristic shape of the bounding curve. Results from this study showed: little spread in the bounding curves with minimal "hysteresis space" for both the kr and Pc datasets. the water imbibition bounding curve to be of lower relative permeability than the water drainage bounding curve, contrary to many models. no clear relationship of remaining oil saturation to initial water saturation. These results may have a significant impact on how the transition zone modelling is implemented for this carbonate reservoir. This study adds to the literature data set on a topic where few full reservoir condition laboratory measurements have been published.
Molecular Characterization of <i>Brevibacillus laterosporus</i> and Its Potential Use in Biological Control (2004)

Thirty-three strains of Brevibacillus laterosporus, including three novel strains isolated from Brazilian soil samples, were examined for genetic variability by the use of different PCR-based methods. Molecular markers that could characterize bacterial strains with regards to their pathogenic potential were investigated. In addition, toxicity was assessed by the use of insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera and the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. Among the targets tested, Biomphalaria glabrata demonstrated the highest degree of sensitivity to B. laterosporus, with some strains inducing 90 to 100% mortality in snails aged 3 and 12 days posteclosion. Larvae of the coleopteron Anthonomus grandis were also susceptible, presenting mortality levels of between 33 and 63%. Toxicity was also noted towards the lepidopteron Anticarsia gemmatalis. In contrast, no mortality was recorded among test populations of Tenebrio molitor or Spodoptera frugiperda. The application of intergenic transcribed spacer PCR and BOX-PCR generated 15 and 17 different genotypes, respectively. None of the molecular techniques allowed the identification of a convenient marker that was associated with any entomopathogenic phenotype. However, a 1,078-bp amplicon was detected for all strains of B. laterosporus when a primer for amplification of the BOXA1R region was used. Similarly, a 900-bp amplicon was generated from all isolates by use of the primer OPA-11 for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. These amplicons were not detected for other phenotypically related Brevibacillus species, indicating that they represent markers that are specific for B. laterosporus, which may prove useful for the isolation and identification of new strains of this species.