gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of spatial and temporal spread of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the environment of a cattle farm through bio-aerosols (2009)

Environmental samples were collected to investigate the spatial and temporal spread of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in a dairy cattle barn before and after the introduction of two groups of MAP-shedding animals. Samples collected off the floor of the barn reflected the moment of sampling whereas samples collected by microfiber wipes at a minimal of 3m height contained the accumulated settled dust over a 3-week period. Samples were analysed by IS900 qPCR for the presence of MAP DNA and by culture for viable MAP bacteria. MAP DNA was detected in a large number of sites both before and after introduction cattle. MAP DNA was detected inside the barn in floor and dust samples from cubicles and slatted floors and in settled dust samples located above the slatted floors and in the ventilation ridge opening. Outside the barn MAP DNA was detected by PCR in samples reflecting the walking path of the farmer despite hygiene measures. No viable MAP was detected before the introduction of shedder cattle. Three weeks later viable MAP was found inside the barn at 7/49 locations but not outside. Fifteen weeks later viable MAP was also detected in environmental samples outside the barn. In conclusion, introduction of MAP shedding cattle lead to widespread contamination of the internal and external environment of a dairy barn, including the presence of viable MAP in settled dust particles suggesting potential transmission of MAP infection through bio-aerosols.
Fault diagnosis and operation and maintenance of PV components based on BP neural network with data cloud acquisition (2019)

Abstract\nIn order to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems and to reduce the cost of manual maintenance, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis and operation and maintenance method based on BP neural network with data cloud acquisition. The causes of short circuit and abnormal aging failure of photovoltaic modules are analyzed. BP neural network fault diagnosis model is established in Matlab, combined with the mathematical model of photovoltaic components to simulate the output of various faults, performing sample training on the fault diagnosis model. The data collected by the distributed photovoltaic information processing and data analysis system platform is used as the input data of the neural network. According to the diagnosis result, reasonable suggestions for PV module operation and maintenance are provided from the aspects of component maintenance, photovoltaic panel cleaning, dip angle change, etc. Simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
<title>Highly efficient codec based on significance-linked connected-component analysis of wavelet coefficients</title> (1997)

Recent success in wavelet coding is mainly attributed to the recognition of importance of data organization. There has been several very competitive wavelet codecs developed, namely, Shapiro's Embedded Zerotree Wavelets (EZW), Servetto et. al.'s Morphological Representation of Wavelet Data (MRWD), and Said and Pearlman's Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT). In this paper, we propose a new image compression algorithm called Significant-Linked Connected Component Analysis (SLCCA) of wavelet coefficients. SLCCA exploits both within-subband clustering of significant coefficients and cross-subband dependency in significant fields. A so-called significant link between connected components is designed to reduce the positional overhead of MRWD. In addition, the significant coefficients' magnitude are encoded in bit plane order to match the probability model of the adaptive arithmetic coder. Experiments show that SLCCA outperforms both EZW and MRWD, and is tied with SPIHT. Furthermore, it is observed that SLCCA generally has the best performance on images with large portion of texture. When applied to fingerprint image compression, it outperforms FBI's wavelet scalar quantization by about 1 dB.
BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION FROM LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA BASED ON CONNECTED COMPONENT ANALYSIS (2015)

Abstract. Building data are one of the important data types in a topographic database. Building change detection after a period of time is necessary for many applications, such as identification of informal settlements. Based on the detected changes, the database has to be updated to ensure its usefulness. This paper proposes an improved building detection technique, which is a prerequisite for many building change detection techniques. The improved technique examines the gap between neighbouring buildings in the building mask in order to avoid under segmentation errors. Then, a new building change detection technique from LIDAR point cloud data is proposed. Buildings which are totally new or demolished are directly added to the change detection output. However, for demolished or extended building parts, a connected component analysis algorithm is applied and for each connected component its area, width and height are estimated in order to ascertain if it can be considered as a demolished or new building part. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed to update detected changes to the existing building map. Experimental results show that the improved building detection technique can offer not only higher performance in terms of completeness and correctness, but also a lower number of undersegmentation errors as compared to its original counterpart. The proposed change detection technique produces no omission errors and thus it can be exploited for enhanced automated building information updating within a topographic database. Using the developed GUI, the user can quickly examine each suggested change and indicate his/her decision with a minimum number of mouse clicks.
The relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular joint dysfunction as shown by computer analysis of nocturnal tooth contact patterns (1979)

Whilst there are many causes of temporomandibular joint dysfunction, one of the most frequently encountered is bruxism. The two conditions have many aetiological factors in common and there is a rational physiological reason why bruxism could cause temporomandibular joint dysfunction. In fact, experimental bruxism performed under laboratory conditions has been found to cause such joint dysfunction. This contention is supported by direct measurements of nocturnal tooth contact. Patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction were found to differ from control subjects to a degree which was statistically significant.
Evaluation Of Feature Extractors And Psycho-Acoustic Transformations For Music Genre Classification. (2005)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
The problem of the dark side of a love poet: an introduction and reassessment (2009)

Ever since the publication of the Délie in 1544, Maurice Scève has been considered by many readers and critics to be the most difficult, anguished, and perplexing love poet of the French Renaissance. The purpose of this book is to question our understanding of this long-standing critical view, one that has always been for me problematic and unsatisfying, and to offer another interpretive possibility which has to do with poetry, struggle, and the pursuit of love's paradise. I intend to explore how Scève's love lyrics, largely perceived as dark and anguished, can be associated with a more positive poetic tradition whose primary feature of struggle always accompanies intense, diaphoric poetic creations of light and life so essential to a transcendent paradisal perspective. I shall argue that it is Scève's primary quest to come to terms with and portray the ineffable that constitutes the central and unifying concern of his love lyrics. This study runs counter to the prevailing critical view of Scève as a poet painfully preoccupied with the lamentation of unrequited love. It offers instead the view of Scève as a remarkable and persevering and successful poet of the ineffable intent on giving a more positive, higher meaning to the love experience and its expression.
Campus care (2005)

As the academic year begins, nurses are set to help students living away from home for the first time with their health and emotional needs. Each educational institution organises student health services. Loneliness can be a particular problem for overseas students. Students can be at risk from diseases such as mumps and meningitis. Drug and alcohol misuse are serious concerns.
Trademark protection : crucial to compete (2004)

In regard to Vietnam, this paper explains how poor trademark protection negatively affects local businesses. The contents include: incomplete legal framework; weak mechanisms for protection from trademark infringements; limited capacity of government agencies to manage trademark registration and enforcement; and limited understanding of trademark issues among businesses and lack of available quality consulting services.
Organic Reactions with Silicon Compounds.<sup>1</sup> II. The Reaction of Silicon Tetrafluoride with the Grignard Reagent (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reactions with Silicon Compounds.1 II. The Reaction of Silicon Tetrafluoride with the Grignard ReagentJ. A. Gierut, F. J. Sowa, and J. A. NieuwlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 6, 897–898Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1936https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01297a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (213 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of Cellulolytic <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Strains from Agricultural Environments (2012)

The bioconversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to soluble sugars is important for global stabilization and a sustainable human society. Here, hundreds of cellulolytic bacteria were screened and isolated from soil, compost, and animal waste slurry in Jeju Island, South Korea. Among the isolates, three strains, SL9-9, C5-16, and S52-2, showing higher potential for practical uses were purified on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates and identified as Bacillus subtilis strains by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The production patterns of cellulose or hemicellulose-degrading enzymes were investigated during cell culture. All three isolated strains produced CMCase, Avicelase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase enzymes, which suggested synergic cellulolytic systems in Bacillus subtilis. The enzymes showing CMCase, Avicelase, and xylanase activities existed in cell-free culture supernatant, meanwhile β-glucosidase activity was detected in cell debris suggesting that three of the enzymes, including CMCase, Avicelase, and xylanase, were extracellular, and β-glucosidase was cell membrane bound. The three isolates, SL9-9, C5-16, and S52-2, were not the same strains, presenting slight differences in biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, and cellulolytic enzyme activities.
Blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals as thermotropic photonic crystals (2000)

The study of dye-doped low pitch cholesteric liquid crystals in their blue phases as an example of tunable "weak" photonic crystals is proposed and demonstrated. The presence of the blue phases in cholesterics can be tuned with temperature, and this allows for an easy in situ comparison of the emission and/or absorption of the dyes with or without an enwrapping lattice of disclination lines. The fluorescence emission of the dyes is shown to be affected by the presence of the blue phases. Although unlikely to be suitable for real applications (due to the natural low refractive index contrast), these systems may represent unique examples of tunable photonic crystals. It is proposed that single crystals of dye-doped blue phases should provide a very interesting testing ground for the study of optical emission anisotropies which can, on the other hand, be controlled by an external parameter.
A case against small data types in GPGPUs (2014)

In this paper, we study application behavior in GPGPUs. We investigate how data type impacts performance in different applications. As we show, expectedly, some applications can take significant advantage of small data types. Such applications benefit from small data types as a result of increasing cache effective capacity, reducing memory pressure, access latency, and memory bandwidth demand. This typical behavior, however, has some exceptions. In this work we show that although using small data types can improve memory efficiency, it can also degrade performance due to an increase in the number of cache miss handling stalls. We present 1D stencil application as a case example where this occurs. We analyze our findings through a combination of real-hardware and cycle-accurate simulation. Studying regular highly-coalesced memory pattern, we conclude that cache miss handling resources can play an important role in negating small data type advantages.
Productivity and farm profit – a microeconomic analysis of the cereal sector in England and Wales (2008)

This article implements the profit change decomposition methodology developed by Grifell-Tatjé and Lovell (1999 Grifell-Tatjé, E and Lovell, CAK. 1999. Profits and productivity. Management Science, 45: 1177–93. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Profit change over time is first decomposed into a price effect and a quantity effect; the quantity effect is then decomposed into a productivity effect and an activity effect; in turn, the productivity effect is subdivided into a technical efficiency effect and a technical change effect, while the activity effect is divided into a scale effect, resource mix effect and product mix effect. The end result is therefore a measure of six distinct components of profit change. The methodology is used to investigate profit changes for a sample of cereal farms drawn from the Farm Business Survey in England and Wales for the period 1982 to 2000. The results of the analysis show an overall decline in profit levels for the period at the average speed of £4400 annually, with the major part of this decline attributable to a negative price effect amounting to £7000 annually on average. However, this was to some degree offset by a positive quantity effect largely driven by the positive contribution of technical change to profit growth, worth £4000 annually on average.
The Military and African Politics (1966)

The successful military coups which have taken place in seven African states over the course of the past year have led to a re-evaluation of the role of the military in Africa and of the future development of the single most important characteristic of post-independence political systems in Africa, the single party. Over the past decade the single party has been praised by a variety of African leaders as the most satisfactory method of achieving national unification and of promoting modernization. It has been regarded as the most appropriate instrument for the mobilization of the entire community and as a mechanism for forging national unity. Kwame Nkrumah, the former leader of Ghana, has stated flatly, One party rule is the most appropriate political instrument for ending tribalism and for planning development. The importance attached to the single party derives in part from the conviction of the new political elite that the creation of national political institutions is essential in order to overcome the counter-modernizing forces represented by traditional powers. Consequently, politics and the political process, in which the role of the national leader figures prominently, take on an exaggerated role in new African nations to the point where the personality of the leader has, in some countries at least, tended to be invested with an almost religious symbolism. The function of the political party becomes one not only of aggregating the interests of modernizing groups within the society but also one of restructuring interest groups by destroying traditional groupings and replacing them with new groups which are more liable to be amenable to the fundamental changes in society which the nationalist leadership is determined to make. The emphasis on the single party as the foundation of the political structure has led to the personalization of power and its concentration in the hands of a strong executive president.
Logistics Outsourcing and 3PL Challenges (2004)

Logistics has been an important part of every economy and every business entity. The worldwide trend in globalization has led to many companies outsourcing their logistics function to Third-Party Logistics (3PL) companies, so as to focus on their core competencies. This paper attempts to broadly identify and categorize the challenges faced by 3PL companies and discover potential gaps for future research. Some of the challenges will be related with the experience and information collected from interviews with two 3PL companies.
An ultrabright, narrowband source of polarization-entangled photons (2001)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Origin and significance of ice‐rafted detritus in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (2007)

Piston core TN057‐14 from the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean contains several layers rich in volcanic tephra that were deposited during the last glacial period. Comparison with nearby cores (TN057‐13PC4/ODP Site 1094) indicates that these tephra layers are correlative with the South Atlantic (SA) ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) layers identified by Kanfoush et al. (2000, 2002). We analyzed the tephra for major and trace elements as well as isotopic ratios of strontium, neodymium, and lead. The elemental and isotopic composition of all tephra layers examined indicates the South Sandwich Island volcanic arc (SSI) as their dominant source, with minor input from Bouvet Island. Similar analyses of clear mineral grains (mainly feldspars, quartz, and olivine) also point to the SSI as the main source. We conclude that tephra erupted from the SSI was first deposited as air fall on sea ice and multiyear ice and then secondarily rafted to the studied sites. Deposition of the tephra‐rich IRD layers was controlled by changes in sea surface temperature and sea‐ice conditions in the Polar Frontal Zone of the South Atlantic, rather than Antarctic ice sheet dynamics.
FT-IR interferogram signal processing for uniform-time sampling (2002)

A new approach to Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) signal acquisition and processing has been developed recently. This approach relies on digital signal processing (DSP) and enables the use of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Data are simultaneously oversampled from both the infrared (IR) and reference laser channels at uniform time intervals. This approach contrasts sharply with the traditional method, in which reference channel zero-crossings are used to trigger ADC sampling of the IR channel at equal increments of optical path difference (OPD). In one embodiment of the new approach, data from the laser channel are processed to values of mirror position. These data can be used to interpolate the IR signal. The uniform time sampling method shifts instrument complexity from hardware to software, while improving the spectral accuracy by fully correcting the effects of optical velocity variation. The correction is sufficient even with a sinusoidal variation in the optical retardation rate. This study demonstrates the approach using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram.
Stem Cell-Based Therapy of Corneal Epithelial and Endothelial Diseases (2015)

Corneal dysfunction is the second leading cause of blindness. Approximately 10 million patients worldwide are affected by some form of corneal disease. More than 50,000 cornea transplants are performed every year, but this procedure is limited by cornea donation availability. Recently, new cell replacement procedures have been developed to treat a variety of corneal diseases. This review will focus on the recent advances in the use of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) to treat corneal epithelial cell deficiency and improvements in replacing dysfunctional corneal endothelial cells (CECs) with exogenous CECs. Several protocols have been developed to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into LESC- or CEC-like cells, potentially yielding an unlimited source for the cell replacement therapy of corneal diseases.
Control of transverse laser modes and attainment of the required mode combination (1989)

A method was developed for the control of transverse laser modes based on the use of an inhomogeneous interferometer adjusted using piezoelectric ceramics instead of a nontransmitting resonator mirror. Two variants of a device for controlling the ratio of the powers or duration of emission of individual transverse modes were used. Experiments on an He–Ne laser demonstrated TEM01–TEM00–TEM10 mode switching as well as continuous control of the TEM01 and TEM10 modes at an intermediate position; this made possible a symmetric annular distribution of the intensity. Smooth variation of the ratio of the powers of the TEM00 and TEM01 modes, participating simultaneously in the lasing process, was possible. The proposed method could be used to form non-Gaussian light beams and, in particular, a flat-topped beam the profile of which was reproduced during propagation in free space and under focusing conditions.
A first study on neural net based generation of prosodic and spectral information for Mandarin text-to-speech (1992)

A neural-network-based approach to generating prosodic and spectral information of syllables for Mandarin text-to-speech synthesis is studied. Some contextual features are first extracted from a given input text by text analysis and taken as input signals for synthesis. Then, six multilayer perceptrons are employed to generate pause duration, syllable duration, and pitch mean and shape of one- and two-syllable synthesis units, several reproduction templates of proper size are first generated for each synthesis unit of syllable approach. The objective is to generate spectral patterns of the syllable that can be directly concatenated to synthesize natural speech without further modification. The validity of this novel approach was examined by simulation using a database of sentential utterances recorded from TV news, reported by a single female announcer. Experimental results confirmed that this is a promising approach for Mandarin text-to-speech synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>