gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of U.S. airline passengers' refund and exchange behavior across multiple airlines (2006)

In this paper, airline passengers' cancellation and rebooking behavior across multiple carriers is analysed. Using 2004 ticketing data from ARC. Multiple origin-destination pairs are selected to examine differences in leisure and business markets as well as differences in market structure. Hazard models are used to predict the probability an individual will survive until the next time period or die due to cancellation or exchange. Unlike many applications of hazard models, this application is unique in that the exact times of birth (ticketing date) and death are known, as are the exact causes of death (cancellation, exchange on different date, exchange to different itinerary, etc.). In conclusion, this paper is one of (if not) the first to examine passenger cancellation and rebooking behavior across multiple carriers and provides new insights into airline passenger behavior (particularly related to differences between individual and group bookings). To the best of our knowledge, it is also the first published study to be based on ticket clearinghouse data from ARC. This is of particular interest to airlines because as the use of the Internet has increased, traditional data sources (such as Computerized Reservation System, CRS, data on booking reservations made through travel agencies) is becoming less reliable since it represents a smaller percentage of the market. For example, five years ago, CRS data represented about 80% of all booking transactions, while today, in some markets, it represents only about 20%. Moreover, given the backbone of many current revenue management systems is based on CRS booking data, there is increasing interest from airlines in assessing the viability of using alternative data sources, such as the ARC data. Consequently, this study will provide one of the first assessments of the benefits of using ARC data to model passenger ticketing, cancellation, and exchange behavior. For the covering abstract see ITRD E135582.
Treating propane for removal of carbonyl sulfide (1976)

Exxon Co. recommends the use of a potassium hydroxide and methanol system to remove the carbonyl sulfide produced during gas processing and found in the propane product streams. In the presence of trace amounts of water, COS in propane can hydrolyze to H/sub 2/S and CO/sub 2/, making the product off-specification. The KOH-methanol treatment is effective in drying the propane and removing all of the COS. The design is simple, capital and operating costs low, installation quick, and utility requirements minimal. The system is also practical for remote areas where minimal facilities are available.
Megasporogenesis in a heterosporous fern: features of the organelles in meiotic cells and young megaspores (1981)

Megasporogenesis in the heterosporous fern Marsilea (Hydropterideae) shows features intermediate between sporogenesis in homosporous ferns and that in heterosporous seed plants. The plastids in the dyads and young spores were associated with tubules 30-35 nm in diameter, probably a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum. No consistent differences in size or cytoplasmic components could be found between the megaspores of a tetrad that might account for differential survival. The view that megaspore viability within the tetrad is genetically determined is thereby strengthened.
Gatekeeper residues in the major curlin subunit modulate bacterial amyloid fiber biogenesis (2009)

Amyloid fibers are filamentous protein structures commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike disease-associated amyloids, which are the products of protein misfolding, Escherichia coli assemble membrane-anchored functional amyloid fibers called curli. Curli fibers are composed of two proteins, CsgA and CsgB. In vivo, the polymerization of the major curli subunit protein, CsgA, is dependent on CsgB-mediated nucleation. The amyloid core of CsgA features five imperfect repeats (R1-R5), and R1 and R5 govern CsgA responsiveness to CsgB nucleation and self-seeding by CsgA fibers. Here, the specificity of bacterial amyloid nucleation was probed, revealing that certain aspartic acid and glycine residues inhibit the intrinsic aggregation propensities and nucleation responsiveness of R2, R3, and R4. These residues function as "gatekeepers" to modulate CsgA polymerization efficiency and potential toxicity. A CsgA molecule lacking gatekeeper residues polymerized in vitro significantly faster than wild-type CsgA and polymerized in vivo in the absence of the nucleation machinery, resulting in mislocalized fibers. This uncontrolled polymerization was associated with cytotoxicity, suggesting that incorrectly regulated CsgA polymerization was detrimental to the cell.
Mahathirism and Its Legacy in Malaysia’s Foreign Policy (2014)

The foreign policy style of Malaysia’s fourth prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad (1981–2003), was controversial in many instances, but the country’s influence and leverage in regional and global affairs had been remarkable for a country of its size. Despite initial outcries within Malaysia’s neighbourhood, Mahathir’s contributions to a wider East Asian regionalism are a lasting legacy. In the decade that has passed since Mahathir stepped down, Malaysia’s international relations have rarely made the global headlines. Does the legacy of Mahathirism live on in Malaysia’s foreign policy, or does the seeming absence of bold and pro-active initiatives indicate a substantive change of style and direction? The prime ministers since 2003, Abdullah Badawi and Najib Razak, have lacked Mahathir’s hegemonic status in policy-making, and this has inevitably led to a de-personalisation and institutionalisation of foreign affairs. At the same time both administrations have continued Mahathir’s practice of keeping foreign affairs out of the public domain as much as possible, in order to reduce the influence of domestic interests and debates on foreign policy matters.
Experience with the Quantification of Subsurface Uncertainties (2001)

Abstract Now that tools are available for building 3D earth models, and for quantifying uncertainties on parameters associated with the earth model, it is much easier to understand the impact of all subsurface uncertainties on field production. In the last years, we have accumulated a significant experience and know-how addressing this sort of issues in integrated studies. We briefly recall how we address the problems, what tools and methodologies are used for quantifying the joint impact of subsurface uncertainties. We discuss the key points in a study : clearly stressing which operational decision will be supported by the uncertainty study.reformulating the problem in terms of an uncertainty study workflow.listing the key subsurface uncertainties impacting the study.translating these key uncertainties into uncertainties on gross-rock volume, oil-in-place or reserves, using the workflow. Then we illustrate the approach with four field cases. The first example highlights how the joint impact of geometrical, geological and dynamic uncertainties on reserves estimates can be quantified. The second example focusses on the impact of fault sealing on a development decision for an HP-HT field. The third example shows how uncertainty figures can be used to help optimally locate an appraisal well. The last example illustrates how the quantification of structural uncertainties can be used to justify the acquisition or processing of seismic data. We also discuss how new uncertainty quantifications techniques are impacting some of the standard industry workflows. For instance : –scenario approaches can now be run in conjunction with probabilistic approaches.–rather than defining three mini, median and maxi geological models, we prefer to define these models in relation with quantitative parameters of interest, such as OIP and Reserves. We also stress that all our approach merely consists of translating uncertainties on input parameters into uncertainties on parameters of economic interest. The quality of the result obtained depends on the validity of quantified uncertainties on input parameters.
Serum Leptin and Triglyceride Levels in Patients on Treatment With Atypical Antipsychotics (2003)

Our results suggest that leptin may be associated with olanzapine- and clozapine-induced weight gain and that quetiapine appears to have modest influence and risperidone appears to have minimal influence on leptin and triglyceride levels and weight gain compared with olanzapine and clozapine.
Urinary Tricyclic Antidepressant Screening: Comparison of Results Obtained with Abbott FPIA Reagents and Syva EIA Reagents (1990)

Human urine was tested for tricyclic antidepressants with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) reagents on Abbott's ADx system and with EIA reagents on Syva's ETS system. A 75-ng/mL imipramine calibrator cutoff was used with the ADx system and a 300-ng/mL nortriptyline calibrator cutoff with the ETS system. The ETS system was adapted to analyze tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) samples using the Syva Emittox serum TCA assay. Negative urine was spiked with various tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, and other medications with potential to interfere with the assays. Verification of samples was performed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The different compounds were added to urine at concentrations of 200, 400 and 1,000 ng/mL. At 1,000 ng/mL all TCA compounds tested gave positive results with the ADx and ETS systems. However, some non-TCA medications spiked at 1,000 ng/mL gave false positive results with both systems. The tetracyclic antidepressants did not cross-react and gave negative results. Clomipramine-spiked urine at 400 ng/mL yielded a false negative result on the ETS system.
A novel power High Electron Mobility Transistor with partial stepped recess in the drain access region for performance improvement (2011)

In this letter, we proposed a new power High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with partial stepped recess in the drain access region. This approach represents a new way to increase the breakdown voltage by 100%, which is very important in higher voltage applications. The use of drain access region recesses allows a 43% decrease of the peak electric field and only a 1.91% increase of the drain access resistance which is negligible. The proposed structure shows an improvement in the maximum oscillation frequency (f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ) and cut-off frequency (f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> ) over the conventional structure.
CHAPTER XV (2011)

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A rational approach for the treatment of acute heart failure: current strategies and future options (2004)

Acute decompensated heart failure presents a challenging therapeutic problem for clinicians. Although they readily correct the hemodynamic abnormalities, current treatment strategies have significant limitations and have not been shown to improve morbidity or mortality. A number of new agents are under investigation with the goal of improving patient outcomes.
Amiodarone-induced cornea verticillata. (1982)

Among 37 patients treated with amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, a typical keratopathy developed in 35, none of whom had ocular complaints. The keratopathy resembled that seen with Fabry's disease and chloroquine use, as did the membrane-bound lamellar bodies detected by electron microscopy in all layers of the corneal epithelium in the one patient with marked keratopathy in whom a corneal biopsy was performed; membrane-bound bodies, mostly granular, were also noted within this patient's stromal keratocytes. The possible pathogenesis of the keratopathy as a type of drug-induced lipidosis is discussed.
IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence and Transition: Requirements for solutions (2008)

This note presents the problem statement, analysis and requirements
for solutions to IPv4/IPv6 coexistence and eventual transition in a
scenario in which dual stack operation is not the norm.
Peripheral T cell expansion in lymphopenic mice results in a restricted T cell repertoire (2000)

In the absence of thymic contribution, the peripheral T cell pool is maintained by division of mature lymphocytes. Recent studies suggest that peripheral T cell expansion may be driven by low-affinity interactions with self ligands. Here we have investigated the consequence of homeostatic proliferation on the T cell repertoire. Following day 3 thymectomy of mice, there is a subsequent 30-fold expansion of the peripheral T cell population. Significantly, expansion of the T cell population results in skewed TCR Vbeta complementarity-determining region (CDR)3 length distributions and, in some cases, a marked bias toward one or two CDR3 lengths. TCR sequence analysis showed that these biases were a consequence of (oligo)clonal T cell expansion. Neonatally thymectomized adult mice have reduced antibody responses to primary challenge with T-dependent antigens. These data demonstrate that peripheral expansion of the T cell pool can result in a limited T cell repertoire, indicating that the array of stimulating ligands that drives homeostatic expansion is restricted.
Commutators of nilpotent matrices (1976)

A matrix of zero trace is, with certain exceptions, the commutator of nilpotent matrices. It may (so far as we know) be necessary to go outside the original field for the entries of the nilpotent matrices.
Lead in bone: sampling and quantitation using K X-rays excited by 109Cd. (1991)

Lead in bone can be measured in vivo using gamma-rays from a 109Cd source to excite lead K X-rays. Normalization of lead X-ray amplitudes to that of the elastically backscattered 88 keV gamma-rays produces a determination of the concentration of lead in bone mineral that is accurate and insensitive to variations in measurement or bone geometry. For in vivo tibia measurements, a typical precision (1 SD) of +/- 5 micrograms lead (g bone mineral)-1 is achieved for an effective dose equivalent of 2.1 microSv. Measurement can be made of any superficial bone site, but precision will vary approximately as the inverse of the square root of the mass of bone mineral sampled. The apparatus required for this technique is readily transportable, and mobile laboratory facilities are easily established.
Theories of Programming Languages (1998)

First published in 1998, this textbook is a broad but rigourous survey of the theoretical basis for the design, definition and implementation of programming languages and of systems for specifying and proving programme behaviour. Both imperative and functional programming are covered, as well as the ways of integrating these aspects into more general languages. Recognising a unity of technique beneath the diversity of research in programming languages, the author presents an integrated treatment of the basic principles of the subject. He identifies the relatively small number of concepts, such as compositional semantics, binding structure, domains, transition systems and inference rules, that serve as the foundation of the field. Assuming only knowledge of elementary programming and mathematics, this text is perfect for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in programming language theory and also will appeal to researchers and professionals in designing or implementing computer languages.
Gold nanocomposites (1995)

A series of nanocomposites, finely divided gold dispersions in solid ceramic matrices, were generated by reactive sputtering of gold alloys in a nitrogen plasma. Gold alloys examined were different compositions of Au–Ga, Au–Al, and Au–Si. The average size of the gold particles was in the range of 3–8 nm. These nanocomposites show interesting chemical characteristics as well as optoelectronic properties. The gold/gallium nitride composite is particularly interesting since GaN is a wide band semiconductor. The gallium nitride composite is also interesting because upon heating at 800 °C the material releases nitrogen and produces a gold–gallium alloy. This property was exploited to generate microscopic metal lines by maskless laser writing and its use explored for brazing ceramic and metal components. The resistivity of the Au/GaN nanocomposite films varied several orders of magnitude depending on the gold loading.
Bildschirmroutinen im ROM-BIOS (1986)

In diesem Kapitel werden alle Video- oder Bildschirmroutinen des ROMBIOS behandelt. Der größte Teil des Kapitels ist der Beschreibung der Routinen gewidmet. Am Ende folgen einige Programmierhinweise und eine Assemblerroutine als Anwendungsbeispiel. Die verschiedenen Bildschirmmodi wurden ausführlich in Kapitel 4 behandelt. Informationen über die vom BIOS verwendeten Speicherstellen finden Sie in Kapitel 3.2.2.
Extracellular matrix alignment dictates the organization of focal adhesions and directs uniaxial cell migration (2018)

Physical features of the extracellular matrix (ECM) heavily influence cell migration strategies and efficiency. Migration in and on fibrous ECMs is of significant physiologic importance, but limitations in the ability to experimentally define the diameter, density, and alignment of native ECMs <i>in vitro</i> have hampered our understanding of how these properties affect this basic cell function. Here, we designed a high-throughput <i>in vitro</i> platform that models fibrous ECM as collections of lines of cell-adhesive fibronectin on a flat surface to eliminate effects of dimensionality and topography. Using a microcontact printing approach to orthogonally vary line alignment, density, and size, we determined each factor's individual influence on NIH3T3 fibroblast migration. High content imaging and statistical analyses revealed that ECM alignment is the most critical parameter in influencing cell morphology, polarization, and migratory behavior. Specifically, increasing ECM alignment led cells to adopt an elongated uniaxial morphology and migrate with enhanced speed and persistence. Intriguingly, migration speeds were tightly correlated with the organization of focal adhesions, where cells with the most aligned adhesions migrated fastest. Highly organized focal adhesions and associated actin stress fibers appeared to define the number and location of protrusive fronts, suggesting that ECM alignment influences active Rac1 localization. Utilizing a novel microcontact-printing approach that lacks confounding influences of substrate dimensionality, mechanics, or differences in the adhesive area, this work highlights the effect of ECM alignment on orchestrating the cytoskeletal machinery that governs directed uniaxial cell migration.
A CW 4-W Ka-band power amplifier utilizing MMIC multichip technology (2000)

This paper describes a 28-GHz power amplifier with 4.5-W output power under CW operation. The amplifier utilizes four fully matched MMICs, in which 0.35-/spl mu/m-long gate GaAs-based heterojunction FETs are employed. The developed power amplifier also provides a continuous-wave (CW) output power of 3 W over the bandwidth of 2 GHz at Ka-band.
HAPTIC AND AUDITORY INTERFACES AS A COLLISION AVOIDANCE TECHNIQUE DURING ROADWAY DEPARTURES AND DRIVER PERCEPTION OF THESE MODALITIES (2006)

Roadway departure fatalities accounted for 55 percent of all roadway fatalities in the United States in 2003. In an effort to reduce the number of roadway departures, many transportation agencies have introduced static rumble strips using physical alterations of the roadway surface in shoulder and/or centerline sections of the roadway. Recently, more advanced technology has been developed in the form of in-vehicle advanced lane departure warning systems that automatically detect the vehicle's lane position and warn of possible roadway departures. These systems are currently showing their value in some commercial trucks in Europe, and are now available in some U.S. passenger cars. Two critical factors will govern their ultimate success; (1) their ability to warn the driver in an effective and timely manner to make the correct action, and (2) their success in gaining driver trust and acceptance. The primary goal of this research was to better understand basic human factors principles of haptic and auditory interfaces as a collision avoidance technique during run-off-road and head-on collisions and driver perception of these modalities. In this simulator study, fifteen participants received alerting cues in three sensory modalities; haptic (seat vibration), auditory ("rumble strip" sound), and combined auditory and haptic sensory warnings. A preliminary psychophysical study was conducted to determine appropriate and comparable intensities of the warning modalities. The results of this study determined that the haptic modality produced significantly faster reaction times than both the auditory and combination modalities. The auditory modality produced significantly more maximum steering response than the haptic and combination condition. Drivers perceived the haptic modality to be the least annoying with least interference, while the combination modality was the most preferred in benefit of driving, most likely to purchase, level of trust, level of appropriateness, level of urgency, and overall preference. Haptic (seat vibration) warnings demonstrate promise as an alerting strategy over auditory and combination modalities in reducing roadway departures. With a decrease in reaction time, less erratic steering responses, and relatively advantageous perceptions from drivers, haptic warnings have the potential to better assist drivers in returning to the lane more quickly and safely.
Adaptation of large-scale open source software - an experience report (2004)

Within a long-term distributed systems project we repeatedly stumbled across the well-known yet difficult question to either implement from scratch or comprehend and adapt existing software. Having tried both ways allows us to retrospectively compare the effectiveness of "from scratch" implementation versus software evolution. By using the code bases of GNU GCC and Linux for the adaptation approach we gained valuable experiences with the comprehension and adaptation of large but sparsely documented code bases. In most cases, the adaptation of existing software proved to be by far more effective than implementing from scratch. Surprisingly, the effort needed to comprehend the existing voluminous source codes repeatedly proved to be less than expected. Here we discuss our positive and negative experiences and the various factors influencing success and failure. Albeit collected in an academic setting, the observations described here might well be transferable to the maintenance of large-scale commercial environments, too.
Real-Time Extensions to the Java Platform A Progress Report (1999)

Java(tm) technologies have had a major impact on the software industry. The Java(tm) Platform has brought a simple, powerful object-oriented language and set of libraries to a large developer community. It has delivered on its promise to bring increased productivity, write once run anywhere, security, and dynamically downloadable code to desktop and workstation environments.Java technologies are now being extended into embedded devices [3]. These devices often require software that exhibits realtime characteristics. Java language semantics are not specified tightly enough for such software, and certain API extensions are required. This paper explores the technical issues involved in defining real-time extensions to the Java platform that meet this need.
철도 인프라 3차원 객체 라이브러리 구축 방안 (2016)

BIM은 단일의 3차원 모델로서 생애 전 주기에 활용가능하여 2D기반 설계의 문제점들을 해결할 수 있는 기술로 조명되고 있다. 인프라시설에 대한 3차원 라이브러리의 구축은 설계, 시공, 유지관리에 이르는 전생애주기 관리 및 생산성 향상에 효과적이다. 라이브러리가 어느정도 구축되어있는 건축분야와 달리 토목분야, 특히 철도시설분야에서는 라이브러리가 표준화되어있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 철도시설분야에 3차원 객체 라이브러리를 구축하고 표준화하고자 하며, 우선적으로 철도시설물 분류체계 및 관련도면을 수집 및 분석하고, 철도인프라 3차원 라이브러리 대상을 지정한다.