gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relation between Capital Structure, Interest Rate Sensitivity, and Market Value in the Property-Liability Insurance Industry (1995)

The choice of financial structure is appropriately viewed as a complex, multidimensional decision by insurer management. Specific attention is given to traditional theories regarding capital structure, including the tradeoff between the tax benefits and increasing probability of incurring the cost of financial distress associated with leverage, and the tradeoff between protecting franchise or charter value and expropriating value through increasing exposure to interest rate risk. Within this framework, the relation between leverage, interest rate sensitivity and firm value is investigated in the property-liability insurance industry. Equity value, as gauged by Tobin's q, is determined to be related to an insurer's choice of financial structure. It is shown that the market value of equity at first grows but then later declines as leverage increases. Interest rate risk has the opposite effect. Equity value first declines with interest rate risk, but then rises at high levels of interest rate risk. These results are consistent with the prediction that financial institutions will expend scarce resources to control risk in order to protect franchise value and may indeed be signaling the existence of these valuable intangibles via these actions.
SPELLING ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION BY COMPUTER: SOME NOTES AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY (1982)

Not only does the problem of correcting spelling errors by computer have a long history, it is evidently of considerable current interest as papers and letters on the topic continue to appear rapidly. This is not surprising, since techniques useful in detecting and correcting mis‐spellings normally have other important applications. Moreover, both the power of small computers and the routine production of machine‐readable text have increased enormously over the last decade to the point where automatic spelling error detection/correction has become not only feasible but highly desirable.
Drag reduction in turbulent flow by polymer additives (1973)

Abstract A brief survey is given of the drag reduction phenomenon, emphasizing the aspects which must be explained by any theory: onset, the existence of intrinsic drag reduction, the Newtonian plug, saturation with increasing concentration, and the maximum drag reduction asymptote. In addition, the polymer properties observed to be favorable are noted. Experimental and theoretical arguments are cited, indicating that sublayer stability arguments are not relevant. Recent evidence is given, linking the onset phenom‐enon to a molecular time scale. The behavior of isolated molecules in flow fields is briefly surveyed, indicating the possibility of large increases in viscosity in relatively rotation free strain rate fields; indirect experimental evidence for such behavior is cited, and it is shown how, by reducing the intensity of the smallest eddies, this can explain the various aspects noted. The maximum drag reduction asymptote is discussed, in connection with recent measurements of turbulent fluctuations in drag reducing flows, and it is shown how both of these may be related to changes in the large eddy structure caused by the polymer induced changes in the small eddies.
Catecholamines and acetylcholine are key regulators of the interaction between microbes and the immune system (2015)

Recent studies suggest that catecholamines (CAs) and acetylcholine (ACh) play essential roles in the crosstalk between microbes and the immune system. Host cholinergic afferent fibers sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger efferent cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways that alter immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. On the other hand, microbes have the ability to produce and degrade ACh and also regulate autogenous functions in response to CAs. Understanding the role played by these neurotransmitters in host-microbe interactions may provide valuable information for the development of novel therapies.
Generalisation in fully-connected neural networks for time series forecasting (2019)

In this paper we study the generalization capabilities of fully-connected neural networks trained in the context of time series forecasting. Time series do not satisfy the typical assumption in statistical learning theory of the data being i.i.d. samples from some data-generating distribution. We use the input and weight Hessians, that is the smoothness of the learned function with respect to the input and the width of the minimum in weight space, to quantify a network's ability to generalize to unseen data. While such generalization metrics have been studied extensively in the i.i.d. setting of for example image recognition, here we empirically validate their use in the task of time series forecasting. Furthermore we discuss how one can control the generalization capability of the network by means of the training process using the learning rate, batch size and the number of training iterations as controls. Using these hyperparameters one can efficiently control the complexity of the output function without imposing explicit constraints.
Clinical pathways and coronary artery bypass surgery. (1997)

Use of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway helps eliminate variations in patients' care. Organizing the care delivered each day of the patient's hospitalization may lead to fewer complications, a quicker recovery, and an earlier discharge. In today's healthcare arena, much attention is being focused on improving the quality of care and decreasing the need for acute care. Clinical pathways facilitate patients' outcomes and earlier discharge and thus reduce the cost of care.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Are Primarily Responsible for the Maintenance of Enzyme Activity, Binding, and Degradation of Lipoprotein Lipase in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1995)

Various aspects of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) metabolism, including cell surface binding, degradation, and enzymatic activity, were compared between Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and two distinct proteoglycan-deficient CHO cell lines. The contribution of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in binding LPL was also analyzed by the use of a 39-kDa receptor-associated protein expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein (GST-RAP). Equilibrium binding data with 125I-LPL revealed the presence of a class of high affinity binding sites with a KD of 7.8 nM in CHO cells, whereas no high affinity binding was observed for proteoglycan-deficient cells. The high affinity binding of LPL in CHO cells appeared to be concentrated in cell surface projections and was not effectively inhibited by GST-RAP. Moreover, degradation of endogenous and exogenous LPL was significantly greater in control CHO cells than in proteoglycan-deficient cells. Degradation of LPL in CHO cells was not affected by GST-RAP, suggesting that proteoglycans and not low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein are responsible for the majority of binding and degradation of LPL in these cells. Our data also show that proteoglycan binding is not essential for the assembly of active LPL homodimers, although proteoglycan binding controls the distribution of LPL activity. Furthermore, LPL produced by CHO cells was more stable than LPL produced by proteoglycan-deficient cells.
Heterogeneous Distributed Computing in Practice (1993)

The computing facilities of a computer science department offer a good opportunity to experiment with issues of distributed computing. A typical environment consists of a network of heterogeneous computers with different operating systems which need to be accessible by users with rather various expertise and requirements. While future versions of Unix (USL Atlas or OSF DCE/DME) promise to deliver facilities for building truly distributed environments, a solution for current systems is not readily available. We present the architecture and the solutions involved in building a distributed computing environment integrating Unix, MacOS and MS DOS/Windows, where we achieved distribution in an effective, economical and flexible way. We discuss possible evolution of our solution and mention current developments in the field. 1. Introduction The computing facilities of a computer science department offer the opportunity to experiment with issues of distributed computing. A typical environment...
Cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients (2018)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a highly common complication and the first cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on haemodialysis (HD). In this population, mortality due to CVD is 20 times higher than in the general population and the majority of maintenance HD patients have CVD. This is likely due to ventricular hypertrophy as well as non-traditional risk factors, such as chronic volume overload, anaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and other aspects of the 'uraemic milieu'. Better understanding the impact of these numerous factors on CVD would be an important step for prevention and treatment. In this review we focus non-traditional CVD risk factors in HD patients.
Early literacy teaching: The ‘third way’ (2001)

Engaging children in literacy learning ever earlier in life continues to be a contested area. This article reviews relevant research and reports on some of the evidence on English Foundation Stage (3 to 6 years old) group settings, from a cross-cultural project exploring the assumptions, understandings and practices in four countries about early literacy. Many English educators reported that fear of inspections caused them to abandon play as the most appropriate vehicle for early learning and to resort to formal literacy teaching. Other practitioners provided a model of teaching true to their play-based philosophy, capitalising on ‘literacy events’ in children's play — the ‘third way’.
ArnetMiner: an expertise oriented search system for web community (2007)

Abstract. Expertise Oriented Search aims at providing comprehensive analysis and mining for people from distributed sources. In this paper, we give an overview of the expertise oriented search system (ArnetMiner). The system addresses several key research issues in extraction and mining of a researcher social network. The system is in operation on the internet for more than one year and receives accesses from about 1,500 users per month. Feedbacks from users and system logs indicate that users consider the system can really help people to find and share information in the web community. 1.
Controlling immune responses by targeting antigens to dendritic cell subsets and B cells (2013)

Delivering antigens in vivo by coupling them to mAbs specific for unique receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is a promising approach for modulating immune responses. Antigen delivery to receptors found on myeloid dendritic cell (DC) subsets, plasmacytoid DCs and B cells has shown them all to be viable targets to stimulate either the cellular or humoral arms of the immune system. It is now evident that antigen-targeting approaches can also be used to invoke antigen-specific inhibition of immune responses. The outcome of activation versus inhibition is determined by a combination of factors that include the choice of APC, the receptor that is targeted, whether to include an adjuvant and, if so, which adjuvant to employ. In addition to their use as a means to modulate immune responses, antigen-targeting systems are also a useful method to investigate the function of DC subsets and the early mechanistic events that underlie the initiation of both cellular and humoral immune responses. In this review, we focus on the literature surrounding the control of B-cell responses when antigen is delivered to various APC subsets.
Digital Signal Processing in the Analysis of Genomic Sequences (2009)

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications in Bioinformatics have received great attention in recent years, where new effective methods for genomic sequence analysis, such as the detection of coding regions, have been developed. The use of DSP principles to analyze genomic sequences requires defining an adequate representation of the nucleotide bases by numerical values, converting the nucleotide sequences into time series. Once this has been done, all the mathematical tools usually employed in DSP are used in solving tasks such as identification of protein coding DNA regions, identification of reading frames, and others. In this article we present an overview of the most relevant applications of DSP algorithms in the analysis of genomic sequences, showing the main results obtained by using these techniques, analyzing their relative advantages and drawbacks, and providing relevant examples. We finally analyze some perspectives of DSP in Bioinformatics, considering recent research results on algebraic structures of the genetic code, which suggest other new DSP applications in this field, as well as the new field of Genomic Signal Processing.
Bruxism and Hypertrophy of the Masseter Muscle (1969)

Three cases with swellings at the angulus mandibulae have been examined. From clinical, roentgenological, electromyographical, and microscopical findings it was shown that the swellings arose from masseter hypertrophy caused by hyperfunction in connection with bruxism.
Safe Landing Area Determination (SLAD) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems by using rotary LiDAR (2021)

The use of Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPV), or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), is constantly growing, thanks to their versatility, flexibility of use, low cost and capability of reuse, even in environments that are very dangerous or impossible for the human. UAVs are mostly used during various operation tasks (military, scientific or civil), as search and rescue, disaster assessment, urban traffic monitoring, war zone defense monitoring, 3D mapping, archaeological site prospection, delivery of small packages and others. Estimation of features around the flight path and surveillance of areas where there is a high number of vehicles are of extreme importance for typical UAV missions. This paper focuses on a system capable of monitoring crowded areas or impervious sites, identifying a safety area for appropriate vertical landing or takeoff maneuver of the UAV with a high level of accuracy and robustness, even without using GNSS-derived navigation information, and with on-board terrain hazard detection and avoidance (DAA) capabilities. We propose a support control system for vertiport airspace design that must precede practical operations in the framework of urban air mobility (UAM). The system is composed by a mechanically rotating real-time LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) sensor, used for perception and localization (ranging) of obstacles in a surveillance volume, linked to a Raspberry Pi 3 as SBC (Session Board Controller), and interfaced to a GCS (Ground Control Station) by wireless connection for data management and 3D information transfer.
New Heterocyclic Ring Systems: The Syntheses of 2H,3H,7H-Imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indoles and 2H,3H,4H,8H-Pyrimido[1',2':1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (1994)

Heterocyclic [ I .2]-annulatedpyrido[4,3-blindoles (9 and 10) were synthesized in five step sequences starting from 4-hydrazino-1Hpyrid-2-one (1).Recent reports on antitumor and convulsant activitie~''~ for pyrido[4,3-blindoles have focused our interest toward the synthesis of some structurally related compounds.A survey of the literature reveals that chemical study on pyrido[4,3-blindole is poor compared to that on pyrido[3,4-blindole and a few tetracyclic ring systems having a pyrido[4,3-blindole moiety have 3 been synthesized.Especially, only two heterocyclic [ I ,2]-annulated pirido[4,3-blindoles, i.e., pyrazino[lt,2':l ,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indole4 and indolo[3,2-alquinolizin-5-ium, have been reported.In this paper we report the synthesis of new ring systems (general formula A), i.e., imidazo[l',2':1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (9) and pyrimido[l',2':l.2]pyrido[4,3-b]indoles(lo), GH~)"which can be regarded as tetracyclic analogues of pyrido [4.3-blindoles.H As shown in Scheme 1, the synthesis of 9 and 10 was achieved in five step sequences.
Cellular Radiosensitivity, Radioresistant DNA Synthesis, and Defect in Radioinduction of p <sup>53</sup> in Fibroblasts From Atherosclerosis Patients (1997)

Earlier studies have suggested that both cancer and atherosclerosis may follow a common pathway in the early stage of development and share certain risk factors. One report indicated that the gene responsible for the radiosensitive, cancer-prone, multisystem disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT) may increase the risk of developing ischemic heart disease. The present studies were carried out to find similarities, if any, between atherosclerosis patients and AT homozygotes or heterozygotes (ATHs) in their cellular/molecular response to ionizing radiation, which acts as a carcinogen as well as an atherogen. Fibroblast cell strains developed from healthy subjects and from AT homozygotes, ATHs, and atherosclerosis patients were compared for (1) survival, by the colony-forming assay and (2) DNA synthesis inhibition after irradiation, determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation, cell cycle distribution, and the expression of p53 and p21 proteins, analyzed by flow cytometry. Fibroblasts from the atherosclerosis patients as a group, compared with the healthy subjects, showed enhanced sensitivity to chronic (low-dose-rate) irradiation. A majority of the cell strains representing atherosclerosis patients exhibited varying degrees of radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS), with roughly 33% showing an AT-like and the rest an ATH-like response. All cell strains with an AT-like and one quarter with an ATH-like RDS were found to be defective in the radioinduction of both p53 and p21 proteins, which are concerned with cell cycle regulation. An absence of G1 arrest after irradiation was observed in cell strains lacking a radioinduced expression of p53 and p21. Cellular/molecular defects leading to increased radiosensitivity, reduced induction of p53/p21, and cell cycle deregulation found to be associated with cancer-prone disorders such as AT may constitute important risk factors for atherosclerosis as well.
Downward continuation of Geopotential in Switzerland (2008)

The main objective of this thesis is the downward continuation of the Geopotential in Switzerland. The downward continuation of the airborne gravity data in Switzerland is a challenging task, due to the well known mountainous topography (Alps) . Another interesting factor for the analysis of the downward continuation process is the measurement height (Flight-line altitude), which is about 5000m above sea level. Taking into account these factors, it is convenient to study the downward continuation process using different computation methods as well as different techniques that take into account the topography. The Principal method proposed in this thesis for the downward continuation of Geopotential in Switzerland is the combination of the Sequential Multipole Analysis (SMA) and Least Square Collocation (LSC) with regularization in the Bjerhammar-Krarup model. This method is then compared with the inverse Poisson’s integral method. To improve the stability of the downward continuation process, a number of land (19 GPS/leveling points) data is included in the calculation. The final results from both methods are stored as geoid undulations and are compared with the actual geoid of Switzerland CHGeo98. Since the topography of Switzerland is rough in the south and relative smooth in the north, I propose to use different terrain correction techniques, the second Helmert’s condensation technique and the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique.
An object-detection algorithm based on the region-adjacency graph (1984)

An object-detection algorithm based on the region adjacency graph of the segmented image is proposed. The new algorithm can detect not only simple, homogeneous objects but also more complex objects consisting of several contiguous subregions. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm.
Automatic HRR target recognition based on Prony model wavelet and probability neural network (2002)

An automatic high range resolution (HRR) target recognition algorithm is detailed and tested on a data set of five different aircraft. A super-resolution downrange profile of radar returns of HRR is obtained using the Prony model. Target features are extracted by the wavelet transform. The features consist of two parts: one reflects the detailed structure of the targets, the other shows the outline of the targets. A probabilistic neural network (PNN) with a simple data fusion technique is applied for target classification.
New 4-transistor XOR and XNOR designs (2002)

Exclusive-OR and exclusive-NOR gates are important in digital circuits. This paper proposes a new set of low power 4-transistor XOR/XNOR gates. Simulations have been performed on the circuits along with 10 other XOR gates. The results show that the new XOR/XNOR gates consistently consume less power than any other XOR/XNOR gate known at the time of publication. In fact, it consumes up to more than 3 times less power than the complementary CMOS implementation and can have 34% better propagation delay. The static energy-recovery XOR gate, which is the second least power-consuming, dissipates 10% more power than the new gates.
Folstein vs Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in Geriatric Stroke (1995)

The 3MS was found to be a reliable, valid, and stable cognitive screening instrument in the stroke population. Classification accuracy indicates that both screening instruments are not strong in their ability to detect cognitive impairment in patients with stroke, especially in right-sided cerebrovascular accidents. The 3MS does have some advantages over the MMS; the expanded version of the screen not only provides additional cognitive information but also allows for better predicting of functional outcome.
Integrated common mode and differential mode inductors with low near magnetic field emission (2017)

The paper investigates the near magnetic field performance of integrated CM and DM inductors. The reluctance model is developed for near magnetic field analysis. Based on the analysis, several integrated inductor structures using commercial EE/EI cores to achieve low near magnetic field emission are proposed. Simulations and experiments were conducted to verify the proposed inductor structures.
Zur Synthese von Jod‐3‐aminophenolen (1973)

Abstract 3‐Aminophenol, 3‐Dimethylaminophenol und 3‐Acetaminophenol ergeben mit einen Äquivalent [J + ] in saurer wäßriger Lösung aus elektronischen und/oder sterischen Gründen als Monojodierungsprodukte ausschließlich die 2‐Jod‐5‐aminophenole 1 a, b, e. Aus 3‐Aminophenol bilden sich außerdem die Di‐ und Trijodderivate 2a und 3a . Die Verbindungen und ihre Acetate werden charakterisiert.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of bacterial ribosomal protein L14 (1994)

Based on amino-acid sequence homology, it is predicted that ribosomal protein L14 is a member of a recently identified family of structurally related RNA-binding proteins. To verify this, the gene for Bacillus stearothermophilus L14 has been cloned, and the protein has been purified and crystallized. The crystals are in space group C2 with cell dimensions a = 67.0, b = 32.7, c = 49.4 A, and beta = 101.8 degrees, and there is one molecule in the asymmetric unit (V(m) = 2.0 A(3) Da(-1)). They are of high quality, and a native data set has been collected to a resolution of 1.6 A, with an R(merge) of 5.3%.