gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A shark antibody heavy chain encoded by a nonsomatically rearranged VDJ is preferentially expressed in early development and is convergent with mammalian IgG (2001)

In most vertebrate embryos and neonates studied to date unique antigen receptors (antibodies and T cell receptors) are expressed that possess a limited immune repertoire. We have isolated a subclass of IgM, IgM(1gj), from the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum that is preferentially expressed in neonates. The variable (V) region gene encoding the heavy (H) chain underwent V-D-J rearrangement in germ cells ("germline-joined"). Such H chain V genes were discovered over 10 years ago in sharks but until now were not shown to be expressed at appreciable levels; we find expression of H(1gj) in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues early in life, but in adults only in primary lymphoid tissue, which is identified in this work as the epigonal organ. H(1gj) chain associates covalently with light (L) chains and is most similar in sequence to IgM H chains, but like mammalian IgG has three rather than the four IgM constant domains; deletion of the ancestral IgM C2 domain thus defines both IgG and IgM(1gj). Because sharks are the members of the oldest vertebrate class known to possess antibodies, unique or specialized antibodies expressed early in ontogeny in sharks and other vertebrates were likely present at the inception of the adaptive immune system.
Characteristics and surface analysis of ion beam deposition from binary boron platinum (Pt58B42) liquid-metal ion source (1988)

Characteristics of a eutectic boron platinum (Pt58B42) liquid-metal ion source (LMIS) were analyzed and investigated with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The source characteristics can be explained by the hydrodynamic model, particularly for needle geometry LMIS. Surface analysis with RBS and AES indicated that more boron is produced in the ion beam than left in the liquid alloy reservoir and more droplets are produced with a 10-μm emitter tip radius, which reduced boron current in the beam. The source instability was associated with droplet formation. AES results show that substantial neutral ions were produced which was not detected by QMS. RBS results on the depleted residual alloy remaining on the carbon ribbon heater indicated that the cause of the alloy system’s short lifetime (33 h) is due to a change in alloy stoichiometry to a higher platinum content. Three different emitter tip radii (2.5, 5, and 10 μm) made of graphite were used in the present investigation. Higher boron current and high stability during ion emission was recorded with 2.5-μm graphite emitter tip radius than with the 5- or 10-μm tip radii.
<title>Results from a forward-looking GPR mine detection system</title> (2002)

In previous papers, we reported on the high-resolution ground-penetrating radar system designed, built, and deployed by SRI under contract to the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate at Fort Belvoir. Here, we report on some of the latest test results from the field demonstrations performed at government test sites, carefully designed to produce statistically significant results by employing many samples of a few representative metal and plastic mine types, buried at several depths. Significant improvements in performance above the baseline have been realized by using a number of statistically optimal image processing algorithms based on sound mathematical principles and techniques, guided by electromagnetic models of both mines and clutter. Principal component analysis was employed to define empirical models of buried mines using the polarimetric, complex data. A detector based on the generalized likelihood ratio test was then used on each image. Finally, multilook processing combined the results from several independent views of the same mines (at various ranges). For buried metal mines, at a probability of detection of 94%, the probability of false alarm per m<SUP>2</SUP> decreased by an average factor of about four orders of magnitude over the baseline.
Clinical Candidate VT-1161's Antiparasitic Effect<i>In Vitro</i>, Activity in a Murine Model of Chagas Disease, and Structural Characterization in Complex with the Target Enzyme CYP51 from Trypanosoma cruzi (2015)

A novel antifungal drug candidate, the 1-tetrazole-based agent VT-1161 [(R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-1-{5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]pyridin-2-yl}propan-2-ol], which is currently in two phase 2b antifungal clinical trials, was found to be a tight-binding ligand (apparent dissociation constant [Kd], 24 nM) and a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. Moreover, VT-1161 revealed a high level of antiparasitic activity against amastigotes of the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi in cellular experiments (50% effective concentration, 2.5 nM) and was active in vivo, causing >99.8% suppression of peak parasitemia in a mouse model of infection with the naturally drug-resistant Y strain of the parasite. The data strongly support the potential utility of VT-1161 in the treatment of Chagas disease. The structural characterization of T. cruzi CYP51 in complex with VT-1161 provides insights into the molecular basis for the compound's inhibitory potency and paves the way for the further rational development of this novel, tetrazole-based inhibitory chemotype both for antiprotozoan chemotherapy and for antifungal chemotherapy.
The Effects of Compounds Related to Choline on Azo-Dye Carcinogenesis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">1</xref> (1955)

The Effects of Compounds Related to Choline on Azo-Dye Carcinogenesis C. J. Kensler, C. J. Kensler Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, N. Y., and Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Bierman, E. Bierman Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, N. Y., and Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Condouris G. Condouris Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, N. Y., and Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue Supplement_5, April 1955, Pages 1569–1570, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.Supplement_5.1569 Published: 01 April 1955
Early vs delayed radical cystectomy for ‘high‐risk’ carcinoma not invading bladder muscle: delay of cystectomy reduces cancer‐specific survival (2011)

•Delay of rCx in 'high-risk' nmiBCA deteriorates CSS and should be avoided. The number of TURBs and the interval between first TURB and rCx are causative factors for delayed rCx and are independently correlated with CSS.
Predict the intelligibility of individual consonants in noise for hearing-impaired listeners. (2010)

The performance of hearing-impaired (HI) listeners to understand speech often deteriorates drastically in cocktail-party environments. To understand why a particular HI listener can hear certain sounds and not the others, it is critical that we take the prior knowledge about speech cues into consideration and investigate the effect of different types of cochlear hearing loss on speech perception. In the last 2 years we have tested over 50 hearing-impaired ears on consonant identification in noise. To evaluate the impact of shift of hearing threshold on the intelligibility of individual consonants in masking noise, a consonant intelligibility index (CII) is developed to predict the perceptual scores of individual consonants. Results of preliminary study indicate that CII makes an accurate prediction for flat mild-to-moderate hearing loss, but fails for the cases of cochlear dead region and extremely unbalanced (e.g., severe high-frequency) loss, suggesting that audibility alone does not fully account for the hard of speech perception in noise for many HI listeners.
Algorithms for network analysis in systems-ADME/Tox using the MetaCore and MetaDrug platforms (2006)

The authors have previously applied two integrated platforms, MetaCore and MetaDrug, for the assembly and analysis of human biological networks as a useful method for the integration and functional interpretation of high-throughput experimental data. The present study demonstrates in detail the specific algorithms that are used in both software platforms. Using a standard set of genes as input, namely CYP3A4 (an enzyme), PXR (a nuclear hormone receptor), MDR1 (a transporter) and hERG (an ion channel) related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/Tox) of xenobiotics, we have now generated networks with each algorithm. The relative advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms are explained using these examples as well as appropriate instances of utility to illustrate further the particular circumstances for their use. In addition, the benefits of the different network algorithms are identified when compared with algorithms available in other products, where this information is available.
Integrating Fire Behavior and Pedestrian Mobility Models to Assess Potential Risk to Humans from Wildfires Within the U.S.–Mexico Border Zone∗ (2010)

Wildfires create a risk to pedestrians traveling through rural areas, because they might not be aware of the presence of a wildfire or its direction and rate of spread until is too late to successfully evacuate. In wildland areas of southern San Diego County, immigrants crossing the U.S.–Mexico border and border security agents are particularly at risk to wildfires. The objective of this study is to develop a framework of analysis and associated tools for examining the combined behavior of wildfires and pedestrian mobility to assess the potential threat of fire to pedestrians in wildland areas. Outputs from a geographic information system (GIS) overlay model for determining potentially dangerous fire zones, the Wildland–Urban Interface Evacuation (WUIVAC) model, and a model of pedestrian mobility in wildland areas were combined to generate wildfire risk to pedestrian maps. The key technical contributions of the study are the development and testing of the pedestrian mobility model and the framework and logic for integrating the results of three GIS-based models. The applied geography contribution is the testing of two scenarios of high risk from wildfires to pedestrians within the U.S.–Mexico border zone of San Diego County, California. The study results show that the travel times calculated by the pedestrian mobility model appear to be realistic and are affected by the terrain and vegetation characteristics of a study site, whereas the evacuation trigger buffers (ETBs) from WUIVAC are mostly influenced by the wind speed and direction parameters of the FlamMap fire spread model. A moderate fire danger to pedestrians in the most remote wildland locations of the study area is determined. The scenario test results suggest that if a wildfire occurs within 2 km (extreme southwesterly winds) or 6 km (extreme northeasterly wind) of pedestrians in the worst case location within the San Diego border region they would likely not have a sufficient amount of time to reach a nearby safety zone.
Activity of Gatifloxacin Compared to Those of Five Other Quinolones versus Aerobic and Anaerobic Isolates from Skin and Soft Tissue Samples of Human and Animal Bite Wound Infections (1999)

The activity of gatifloxacin against 308 aerobes and 112 anaerobes isolated from bite wound infections was studied. Gatifloxacin was active at </=0.016 microg/ml against all 148 Pasteurella isolates (eight species and three subspecies) tested and all other aerobes tested, including Actinobacillus-Haemophilus spp., Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria weaveri, Weeksella zoohelcum, staphylococci, and streptococci. Fusobacteria were sometimes resistant. Gatifloxacin MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited were 0. 125 microg/ml against Bacteroides tectum and Prevotella spp., 0.25 microg/ml against Porphyromonas spp., and 0.5 microg/ml against peptostreptococci.
ELICITATION OF DELAYED ALLERGIC SKIN REACTIONS WITH HAPTENS: THE DEPENDENCE OF ELICITATION ON HAPTEN COMBINATION WITH PROTEIN (1952)

Eight 2,4-dinitrophenyl compounds with a high degree of configurational uniformity were examined in regard to their ability to elicit delayed allergic skin reactions in guinea pigs and men who had been sensitized by previous exposure to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Four of the eight compounds produced reactions (elicitors) and four others did not (non-elicitors). It was found that the elicitors combined with protein in vitro and in vivo. The non-elicitors, however, failed to combine in either situation. It is concluded that a necessary condition for the elicitation of delayed allergic skin reactions by haptens is the combination of the latter with skin protein through the formation of bonds of the covalent type. No choice is yet possible amongst the several possible explanations which are advanced to account for the obligatory character of protein combination.
Régulation de la distribution des flux carbonés dans le métabolisme anaérobie du glycérol chez Enterobacter agglomerans (1996)

Le metabolisme anaerobie du glycerol chez enterobacter agglomerans a fait l'objet d'une etude physiologique approfondie. Les produits finaux de la fermentation du glycerol, determines par analyse rmn, sont le 1,3-propanediol, en tant que produit majoritaire, et les acides acetique, formique, lactique et succinique et l'ethanol comme co-produits. A partir de cultures en mode continu, une analyse biochimique complete a permis de definir les voies metaboliques de dissimilation du glycerol, aboutissant a la proposition de la presence du regulon dha chez cette souche. A vitesse specifique de consommation du substrat elevee, l'etude de la distribution des flux carbones a demontre une repartition preferentielle du glycerol vers la voie du 1,3-propanediol, simultanement a une limitation glycolytique par la glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate deshydrogenase. L'accumulation resultante des triose-phosphates et la demonstration de l'utilisation parallele de la pyruvate deshydrogenase dans l'etape de decarboxylation du pyruvate, a conduit a un schema regulatoire du metabolisme central d'e. Agglomerans. En culture discontinue, l'augmentation de la vitesse de dissimulation du glycerol, consecutive a la hausse de la teneur initiale, se traduit par l'accumulation d'un compose fortement inhibiteur, identifie par rmn du proton au 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. Etendu a d'autres enterobacteries, ce phenomene a ete explique chez e. Agglomerans grace a une approche biochimique. L'apparition du 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde a ainsi ete correlee a une valeur critique du ratio nad#+/nadh de 1,7, resultat conforte par l'inhibition competitive exercee par le nad#+ vis a vis du nadh sur la 1,3-propanediol deshydrogenase purifiee. Provoque par un decouplage entre la regeneration du nad#+, soutenue par la voie du 1,3-propanediol, et sa consommation dans la voie oxydative, limitee par la glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate deshydrogenase, ce ratio nad#+/nadh inhibe partiellement la 1,3-propanediol deshydrogenase, en provoquant l'accumulation du 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, celle-ci etant irreversible ou transitoire selon l'etat physiologique de la cellule et indirectement le ph de la culture
Surface treatments of copper foils and their bonding performance in printed wiring boards. (1988)

プリント配線板用として粗化処理が施された電解銅箔マット面の耐薬品性向上を目的としたCo系皮膜が, プリント配線板で要求されている接着特性に対しどのような効果を有するのか, 公知のクロメート系皮膜と対比して評価を試みた。定常的な接着試験においてはどちらも実用上十分な接着力を示し, また両者の水準にも大きな差異は認められなかったが, UL796に規定されている加熱劣化試験等の耐熱試験に顕著な差異が認められ, クロメート系皮膜に比較しCo系皮膜を持つものは優れた耐性を示した。特にUL796試験において, FR-4, CEM-3基材への接着時, E-240/177では接着力の劣化は基材中の難燃剤による侵食により生起することが推定されたが, 低温熱処理のE-240/150やガラスポリイミド (GI) 基材上への接着時の加熱劣化試験では銅箔パターンのライン幅が狭いほど接着力の劣化率が大きくなること, またその劣化は銅箔ラインの両端部から進行していく劣化であることが明らかとなった。
A Link-Layer Synchronization and Medium Access Control Protocol for Terahertz-Band Communication Networks (2014)

In this paper, a link-layer synchronization and medium access control (MAC) protocol for very-high-speed wireless communication networks in the THz band is presented. The protocol relies on a receiver-initiated handshake as a way to guarantee synchronization between transmitter and receiver. In addition, it incorporates a sliding window flow control mechanism, which combined with the one-way handshake, maximizes the channel utilization. Two different application scenarios are considered, namely, a macroscale scenario, in which nodes utilize turning directional antennas to periodically sweep the space while overcoming the distance problem at THz frequencies, and a nanoscale scenario, in which nano-nodes require energy harvesting systems to operate. A carrier-based physical layer is considered for the macro-scenario, whereas the physical layer for the nano-scenario is based on a femtosecond- long pulse-based modulation scheme with frame interleaving. The performance of the proposed MAC protocol is analytically investigated in terms of delay, throughput and successful packet transmission probability, and compared to that of an adapted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance with and without handshake. The results are validated by means of extensive simulations with ns-3, in which all the necessary THz elements have been implemented. The results show that the proposed protocol can maximize the successful packet delivery probability without compromising the achievable throughput in THz-band communication networks.
Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems with Transparent Multi-Hop Relays (2007)

In this letter, the effect of a propagation delay resulting from the use of an OFDM system with a transparent mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) is initially analyzed. Then, a least square (LS) channel estimation technique for the OFDM system with throughput enhancement (TE) MMR or cooperative MMR is proposed. It is demonstrated by computer simulation that the proposed LS channel estimation technique for OFDM systems with transparent MMR is superior to the conventional technique in terms of mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER).
Changes in Lipid Values and Lipoprotein Patterns of Scrum Samples Contaminated with Bacteria (1973)

Phospholipase C-producing bacilli were found as contaminants in 3% of serum samples received by mail for lipid analysis. The contamination results in apparent increases in serum triglyceride values and chylomicrons, with corresponding decreases in serum phospholipid values and alpha, beta, and prebeta lipoproteins. The changes in contaminated sera were confirmed with phospholipase C isolated from Clostridium perfringens . The results suggest that the phosphorus portion of the phospholipid molecule is exposed to the aqueous environment and is essential for the stabilization characteristics and electrophoretic properties of lipoproteins. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, which inhibits phospholipase C, was found to be effective in preserving the structural integrity of serum lipids and lipoproteins.
Parallel iterative search methods for vehicle routing problems (1993)

Abstract This paper presents two partition methods that speed up iterative search methods applied to vehicle routing problems including a large number of vehicles. Indeed, using a simple implementation of taboo search as an iterative search method, every best‐known solution to classical problems was found. The first partition method (based on a partition into polar regions) is appropriate for Euclidean problems whose cities are regularly distributed around a central depot. The second partition method is suitable for any problem and is based on the arborescence built from the shortest paths from any city to the depot. Finally, solutions that are believed to be optimum are given for problems generated on a grid. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Debugging DB2/CS client/server applications (1997)

The technology of running external programs on the server side of a relational database management system (RDBMS) has been developed in the past few years. Database 2™/ Common Server (DB2™/CS) for UNIX™-based platforms supports external programs (i.e., user-defined functions and stored procedures) that are written by the application developer in a third-generation language such as C or C++. The main difficulty in debugging these external programs is that they are executed under the control of DB2/CS, which is itself a large software system for which no source code is provided. It is therefore impractical for a debugger to penetrate through the layers of software of DB2/CS to locate and debug the external programs. It is also very difficult for the debugger to determine when an external program will be invoked by the database engine and in which process it will be run. In addition, in an environment where the DB2/CS server is shared between a large number of users, it is necessary to ensure that the debugger does not violate the security of the DB2/CS system. In this paper, we describe a set of extensions to a distributed debugger and DB2/CS to support the debugging of external programs. A prototype was implemented to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Preparation of an oxoperoxocyanomolybdate(VI) complex by dioxygen oxidation of an oxocyanomolybdate(IV) anion. Structure and reactivity toward phosphines and olefins (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of an oxoperoxocyanomolybdate(VI) complex by dioxygen oxidation of an oxocyanomolybdate(IV) anion. Structure and reactivity toward phosphines and olefinsHenri Arzoumanian, Jean Francois Petrignani, Marcel Pierrot, Fouad Ridouane, and Jose SanchezCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 19, 3377–3381Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00292a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00292a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts