gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel estimation for OFDM systems based on a time domain pilot averaging scheme (2013)

In modern wireless communications there is an increasing need for higher data rates. Modern Digital TV (DTV), like Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-TIT2), DVB Handheld (DVB-H), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), 4th Generation (4G) mobile telephony known as Long Term Evolution (L TE) and IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n for wireless LAN (WLAN) are typical applications where high data rates are needed. The adaptation of Orthogonal Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which is a multicarrier modulation, helped to achieve high data rates while the transmission system became more robust against multipath fading, which traditional single carrier systems failed to handle effectively. The OFDM system divides the available bandwidth into a large number of narrow band sub-channels, which have their own respective subcarrier and each one of them can considered as a flat fading channel. In order to have reliable reception of the transmitted data, the knowledge of the channel impulse response is important. In this paper we are focusing on pilot aided channel estimation. A novel channel estimator is proposed to eliminate multipath and noise effects assuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (A WGN) and considering that the channel suffers only from slow fading effects. In this case, the channel can be considered to be invariant in time over an interval of the few last OFDM received symbols. Averaging over the last received OFDM symbols leads to reduced noise at the receiver. The benefits of the proposed estimator are its very simple implementation, its good performance for slowly time-varying channels and its application in devices with limited available memory and computational capabilities. In addition, it can be used for battery saving in handheld devices, due to the reduced complexity.
Fabrication and Characterization of Conjugated Polymer P: PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2013)

A conjugated polymer Poly-2-(2-{, 4- divinyl -2, 5-bis (hexyloxy) -benzene}-4-nitrophenyl) acrylonitrile (P) is used as a donor. Its photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties have been investigated. A thin film of P showed a long wave absorption maximum at 460 nm and an optical band gap of 2.15 eV. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell based on this new polymer was fabricated with device structures of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/polymer: PC61BM (1:1)/Al. The photovoltaic properties of the polymer have been evaluated under illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2. The BHJ showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 1.13%. The PCE has been further improved up to 1.60% and 2.10% after solvent and thermal annealing of the P: PCBM layer. The solvent and thermal annealing allows not only a broad absorption but also tuning of the inter energy level leading to a higher short circuit current (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc). The best performance device exhibited a PCE of about 2.10% with the thermally annealed solvent treated P: PCBM photoactive layer.
Stimulus similarity determines the prevalence of behavioral laterality in a visual discrimination task for mice (2014)

Animal choices depend on direct sensory information, but also on the dynamic changes in the magnitude of reward. In visual discrimination tasks, the emergence of lateral biases in the choice record from animals is often described as a behavioral artifact, because these are highly correlated with error rates affecting psychophysical measurements. Here, we hypothesized that biased choices could constitute a robust behavioral strategy to solve discrimination tasks of graded difficulty. We trained mice to swim in a two-alterative visual discrimination task with escape from water as the reward. Their prevalence of making lateral choices increased with stimulus similarity and was present in conditions of high discriminability. While lateralization occurred at the individual level, it was absent, on average, at the population level. Biased choice sequences obeyed the generalized matching law and increased task efficiency when stimulus similarity was high. A mathematical analysis revealed that strongly-biased mice used information from past rewards but not past choices to make their current choices. We also found that the amount of lateralized choices made during the first day of training predicted individual differences in the average learning behavior. This framework provides useful analysis tools to study individualized visual-learning trajectories in mice.
Lithology study using TFEM technique in western Qaidam Basin (2006)

Time‐Frequency Electromagnetics (TFEM) is a technique that can directly detect hydrocarbon. It is based on the electromagnetic and induced polarization (IP) properties of underground medium. It can detect a hydrocarbon reservoir and delimit its depth. The detection depth is related to the period of the transmitted field. Generally, the detection depth is deeper than 5km. The technique has been applied in the western Qaidam Basin in China and shows significant promise.
Visualization of results from genomic evaluations (2010)

Genomic predictions of estimated breeding values (EBV) for dairy cattle include effects of tens of thousands of markers distributed over 30 chromosomes for many traits. There are so many numbers that data are difficult to compare, levels of detail are obscured, and data cannot easily be tabulated. Well-designed graphics can present more information in a smaller area than text or tables and provide insight into the data. Subtle differences can be detected more easily among graphics than among data grids, allowing information to be presented with greater density. Genomic data can be visualized at several levels, such as the distribution of marker effects across the genome and relationships among markers on the same chromosome. All markers affecting a trait can be plotted on the same ordinate to visualize the distribution of marker effects across the genome, colors or textures can be used to differentiate between chromosomes, and stacked graphs can be constructed to compare interesting groups of traits. Chromosomal EBV can be presented as high-resolution graphics embedded in text to provide an overview of individual animals for comparison to potential mates. Small multiples of chromosomal genetic correlation matrices from which nonsignificant values have been excluded can be used to identify interesting patterns of association among traits, such as that on chromosome 18 associated with calving traits, conformation, and economic merit. Line plots of marker effects for recessive traits can be used to quickly locate chromosomal regions in which causative mutations are probably located, identifying areas of interest for further study. These graphics are easily produced automatically and added to online query systems, providing users with novel information at little cost.
Inkjet-printed Light-emitting Devices: Applying Inkjet Microfabrication to Multilayer Electronics (2013)

This work presents a novel means of producing thin-film light-emitting devices, functioning according to the principle of electroluminescence, using an inkjet printing technique. This study represents the first report of a light-emitting device deposited completely by inkjet printing. An electroluminescent species, doped zinc sulfide, was incorporated into a polymeric matrix and deposited by piezoelectric inkjet printing. The layer was printed over other printed layers including electrodes composed of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes, and in certain device structures, an insulating species, barium titanate, in an insulating polymer binder. The materials used were all suitable for deposition and curing at low to moderate (<150°C) temperatures and atmospheric pressure, allowing for the use of polymers or paper as supportive substrates for the devices, and greatly facilitating the fabrication process. The deposition of a completely inkjet-printed light-emitting device has hitherto been unreported. When ZnS has been used as the emitter, solution-processed layers have been prepared by spin-coating, and never by inkjet printing. Furthermore, the utilization of the low-temperature-processed PEDOT:PSS/nanotube composite for both electrodes has not yet been reported. Device performance was compromised compared to conventionally prepared devices. This was partially due to the relatively high roughness of the printed films. It was also caused by energy level misalignment due to quantization (bandgap widening) of the small (<10 nm) nanoparticles, and the use of high work function cathode materials (Al and PEDOT:PSS). Regardless of their reduced performance, inkjet printing as a deposition technique for these devices presents unique advantages, the most notable of which are rapidity of fabrication and patterning, substrate flexibility, avoidance of material wastage by using drop-on-demand technology, and the need for only one main unit operation to produce an entire device.
Experimental and numerical thermal-hydraulics investigation of a molten salt reactor concept core (2017)

Abstract In the paper measurement results of experimental modelling of a molten salt fast reactor concept will be presented and compared with three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. Purpose of this article is twofold, on one hand to introduce a geometry modification in order to avoid the disadvantages of the original geometry and discuss new measurement results. On the other hand to present an analysis in order to suggest a method of proper numerical modelling of the problem based on the comparison of calculation results and measurement data for the new, modified geometry. The investigated concept has a homogeneous cylindrical core without any internal structures. Previous measurements on the scaled and segmented plexiglas model of the concept core and simulation results have shown that this core geometry could be optimized for better thermal-hydraulics characteristics. In case of the original geometry strong undesired flow separation could develop, that could negatively affect the characteristics of the core from neutronics point of view as well. An internal flow distributor plate was designed and installed with the purpose of optimizing the flow field in the core by enhancing its uniformity. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement results of the modified experimental model will be presented and compared to numerical simulation results with the purpose of CFD model validation.
The NKVD General (2015)

Alexander Orlov is a legendary figure in the counterintelligence world for several reasons. Although he abandoned the Soviet cause in 1938 and fled to the United States with his wife and daughter, ...
Evidence for intracellular partitioning of serine and glycine metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1996)

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the primary enzyme in the interconversion of serine and glycine. The roles of mitochondrial and cytosolic SHMT in the interconversion of serine and glycine were determined in two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that both contain cytosolic SHMT but either have (CHOm+) or lacK (CHOm-) mitochondrial SHMT. Mitochondrial SHMT activity was significantly reduced in CHOm- (0.24 +/- 0.11 nmol/min per mg of mitochondrial protein) compared with CHOm+ (3.21 +/- 0.66 nmol/min per mg of mitochondrial protein; P = 0.02) cells, whereas cytosolic SHMT activity was similar in CHOm- and CHOm+ cells (1.09 +/- 0.31 and 1.53 +/- 0.12 nmol/min per mg of cytosolic protein respectively; P = 0.57). In CHOm+ and CHOm- cells, the relative flux of glycine to serine measured with either [1-13C]- or [2-13C]-glycine was similar (CHOm-: 538 +/- 82 nmol/24 per mg of DNA; CHOm+: 616 +/- 88 nmol/24 h per mg of DNA; P = 0.42). In contrast, the relative flux of serine to glycine measured with [1-13C]serine was low in CHOm- cells (80 +/- 28 nmol/24 h per mg of DNA) compared with CHOm+ cells (3080 +/- 320 nmol/24 h per mg of DNA; P = 0.0001). The rate of glycine production determined by [1-(13)C]glycine dilution was lower in CHOm- (1200 +/- 200 nmol/24 h per mg of DNA) than CHOm+ (10200 +/- 1800 nmol/24 h per mg of DNA; P = 0.03) cells, whereas glycine utilization was similar in the two cell lines. Serine production was similar in the two cell lines but serine utilization was lower in CHOm- (3800 +/- 1200 mu mol/24 h per mg of DNA) than CHOm+ (6600 +/- 1000 nmol/24 h per mg of DNA; P = 0.0002) cells. Increasing the serine concentration in the medium resulted in an increase in glycine production in CHOm+ but not in CHOm- cells. Intracellular studies with [1-13C]serine confirm the findings of decreased glycine production from serine. In CHO cells there is partitioning of intracellular serine and glycine metabolism. Our data support the hypothesis that mitochondrial SHMT is the primary pathway for serine into glycine interconversion.
DESIGN OF A CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM TO PREVENT CORROSION OF METALLIC STRUCTURES USING HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (2013)

This paper presents a study to design a cathodic protection system to protect metallic structures against corrosion using hybrid renewable energy sources. The corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks may cause very dangerous situations such as spills, production interruption and destructions of surrounding environment ending with great explosions. An effective method is to use impressed current cathodic protection system to overcome corrosion. This method can be applied to real systems based on hybrid renewable energy sources. A generic program is developed to design the full system with all details to achieve the best performance including the d.c. source. The possibility of supplying the cathodic protection system by wind and/or small solar panel and few nickel cadmium batteries eliminating the external power is also researched. The results revealed the possibility of designing the impressed current cathodic protection system for different configurations. It will be also possible to obtain better performance for the system through increasing the life time of the system.
Abnormal Occurrence of Empty Grains of Indica Rice Plants in the Dry, Hot Season in Thailand (1973)

[in Japanese]
GaAs-based long-wavelength lasers (2000)

The present paper reviews recent achievements in the fabrication of diode lasers for the near-infrared range on GaAs substrates. 1.3 µm light emitters are currently widely used in fibre-optic communication systems. GaAs-based devices are potentially advantageous compared to their InGaAsP counterparts in several aspects, such as improvement of thermal stability, possibility to grow vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in a single growth run and the use of large-area high-quality inexpensive GaAs substrates. Three main approaches have been suggested so far to achieve the 1.3 µm emission from structures grown on GaAs substrates. They are InGaAs and GaAsSb quantum wells, GaInAsN quantum wells and InAs/GaAs quantum dots. In the present paper we discuss all these approaches including material growth, optical properties and laser characteristics. The results obtained by these methods are compared and their potential advantages discussed.
An Investigation of the Physical and Chemical Factors Affecting the Performance of Fuels in the JFTOT (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Earlier research performed by Shell Research sought to compare the performance of fuels in the Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester (JFTOT) with that in a simulated engine oil cooler. However the agreement between the rigs was poor and initial attempts to improve the correlation by modifying various JFTOT operating parameters were ineffective. Now, those same operating parameters have been readdressed in more detail, in order to determine the physical and chemical factors which control fuel response in the JFTOT.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Flowrate experiments and activation energy measurements have indicated not only that the JFTOT's response to a fuel depends on the relative roles of chemical reaction and physical transport, but more significantly, the contribution of the two effects is fuel dependent.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Studies of test section metallurgy reveal that whilst differences between aluminium and stainless steel are clearly discernible under certain conditions, such differences become irrelevant as fuel degradation proceeds and the metal surface becomes lacquered.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The findings provide an explanation as to why no improvement could be made in the correlations exhibited by the earlier experiments. In addition, they enable us to offer tentative design criteria for a new small scale thermal stability test.</div>
Epoxidation of Olefins with H2O2 Catalyzed by an Electronegatively-Substituted Iron Porphyrin Complex in Aprotic Solvent (1998)

Abstract Catalytic epoxidation of olefins by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an electronegatively-substituted iron porphyrin complex yielded epoxide products in acetonitrile solution. An iron(III) hydroperoxide porphyrin complex was proposed as a reactive intermediate responsible for the olefin epoxidations.
A note on double insertion/deletion correcting codes (2003)

By using a run-length representation of sequences, ways to determine suband supersequences are discussed. This is then used in determining the number of sub- and supersequences of a sequence after double insertions or deletions. It is also used in creating subsequence/supersequence books that are searched to find new double insertion/deletion correcting code books with higher cardinalities than those already known.
Field emission of different oriented carbon nanotubes (2000)

Field emission data from aligned high-density carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with orientations parallel, 45°, and perpendicular to the substrate have been obtained. The large-area uniformly distributed CNTs were synthesized on smooth nickel substrates via dc plasma-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition. CNTs with diameters in the range of 100–200 nm were employed in this study. The different orientations were obtained by changing the angle between the substrate and the electrical field direction. The growth mechanism for the alignment and orientation control of CNTs has been discussed. The CNTs oriented parallel to the substrate have a lower onset applied field than those oriented perpendicular to the substrate. This result indicates that electrons can emit from the body of the CNT, which means that the CNT can be used as a linear emitter. The small radius of the tube wall and the existence of defects are suggested as the reasons for the emission of electrons from the body of the tubes.
Performance oriented partitioning for time-multiplexed FPGA's (2002)

Time-multiplexing is a promising method to reduce the cost of FPGA based systems. It means execution of logic in consecutive steps with reconfiguration taking place between these steps. The use of time-multiplexing makes it possible to reduce the size of FPGAs but requires a new step in the design flow. The circuit has to be divided into sequential steps, partitions. In this paper we present an algorithm which partitions sequential circuits for time-multiplexing. The algorithm is based on list scheduling. Our experiments show that the algorithm is fast. It is able to partition a design with 4000 nodes in less than 4 seconds. The generated partitions have small size overhead, up to 3.2%, while no time overhead is allowed, besides the necessary reconfiguration time.
Steady state analysis of a capacitively coupled contactless power transfer system (2009)

Capacitively coupled contactless power transfer through electric field coupling, also named CPT (capacitive power transfer), has been proposed recently as an alternative non-contact power transfer technology. Compared to existing inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, CPT has many advantages such as metal penetration ability, low standing power losses, and reduced EMI (electromagnetic interference). However, understanding and experience in CPT system analysis and design are still very limited to date. This paper analyzes the basic steady state performance of a typical CPT system. Stroboscopic mapping method is employed to model the system to determine the ZVS (zero voltage switching) frequencies and steady state waveforms. The system switching performance is analyzed against circuit parameter variations, and simulation and experimental results have verified the proposed method.
Hemostasis in Massively Transfused Trauma Patients (1979)

Twenty-seven patients requiring massive transfusions were studied prospectively to determine whether administration of stored, modified whole blood induced a primary disorder of hemostasis evidenced by generalized microvascular oozing. Platelet counts fell in proportion to the number of units of blood transfused. In contrast, the levels of factors V and VIII correlated poorly with the units of blood transfused, 85% of the total variation in the levels being due to influences other than transfused blood. Levels of all other clotting factors were unrelated to the number of units of blood given. Eight patients developed abnormal bleeding. The cause appeared to be dilutional thrombocytopenia in five patients, and DIC in three. In six of the eight, bleeding was controlled with platelet concentrates alone. Two patients were given cryoprecipitate also. The most useful laboratory test for predicting abnormal bleeding was the platelet count. Fibrinogen levels should be followed as an aid in the diagnosis of DIC. The BT, PT, and PTT were not helpful in assessing the cause of bleeding, unless they were greater than 1.5 times the control value. We recommend that any patient receiving massive transfusions who develops diffuse microvascular bleeding be given platelet concentrates. Platelet counts as high as 100,000 may be required to control bleeding from surgical wounds. It is not necessary to supplement transfusions of stored, modified whole blood with fresh blood or fresh frozen plasma.
Chronic allograft nephropathy (2008)

Understanding why so many kidney allografts fail, despite effective preventive measures for early acute rejection, is one of the most important areas of research in kidney transplantation today.