gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Discrimination of Temporal Input Sequences in Cortical Neurons (2010)

The detection and discrimination of temporal sequences is fundamental to brain function and underlies perception, cognition, and motor output. By applying patterned, two-photon glutamate uncaging, we found that single dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons exhibit sensitivity to the sequence of synaptic activation. This sensitivity is encoded by both local dendritic calcium signals and somatic depolarization, leading to sequence-selective spike output. The mechanism involves dendritic impedance gradients and nonlinear synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation and is generalizable to dendrites in different neuronal types. This enables discrimination of patterns delivered to a single dendrite, as well as patterns distributed randomly across the dendritic tree. Pyramidal cell dendrites can thus act as processing compartments for the detection of synaptic sequences, thereby implementing a fundamental cortical computation.
Joint Transceiver Optimization for Wireless Communication PHY Using Neural Network (2019)

Deep learning has a wide application in the area of natural language processing and image processing due to its strong ability of generalization. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network structure for jointly optimizing the transmitter and receiver in communication physical layer under fading channels. We build up a convolutional autoencoder to simultaneously conduct the role of modulation, equalization, and demodulation. The proposed system is able to design different mapping scheme from input bit sequences of arbitrary length to constellation symbols according to different channel environments. The simulation results show that the performance of neural network-based system is superior to traditional modulation and equalization methods in terms of time complexity and bit error rate under fading channels. The proposed system can also be combined with other coding techniques to further improve the performance. Furthermore, the proposed system network is more robust to channel variation than traditional communication methods.
Voltage Charging Enhances Ionic Conductivity in Gold Nanotube Membranes (2014)

Ionically conductive membranes are used in many electrochemical processes and devices, including batteries, fuel cells, and electrolyzers. In all such applications, it is advantageous to use membranes with high ionic conductivity because membrane resistance causes a voltage loss suffered by the cell. We describe here a method for enhancing ionic conductivity in membranes containing small diameter (4 nm) gold nanotubes. This entails making the gold nanotube membrane the working electrode in an electrochemical cell and applying a voltage to the membrane. We show here that voltage charging in this way can increase membrane ionic conductivity by over an order of magnitude. When expressed in terms of the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, κ, within an individual voltage-charged tube, the most negative applied voltage yielded a κ comparable to that of 1 M aqueous KCl, over 2 orders of magnitude higher than κ of the 0.01 M KCl solution contacting the membrane.
A highly-efficient transparent online memory test (2002)

The transparent online memory test (TOMT) proposed in this paper has been specifically developed for online testing of word-oriented memories with parity or Hamming code protection. Using a rotated address sequence the algorithm passes four times through the whole address space and performs embedded march tests for every word. The careful interleaving of word-oriented and bit-oriented test allows one to attain a fault coverage and a test duration comparable to the widely used March C- algorithm. The proposed memory test detects all stuck-at faults, all transition faults, all address decoder faults (even stuck-open address decoder faults), all single coupling faults (CFs, even write and read disturb CFs) and a reasonable percentage of linked CFs. Nevertheless, the algorithm is suitable for online use and can be implemented in hardware with moderate effort.
Silicon-on-Insulator Mode (de)Multiplexer for On-Chip Mode-Division Multiplexing (2013)

We propose a simple 1×4 silicon mode (de)multiplexer based on multimode grating-assisted-couplers. Due to the contra-directional coupling, precise control of the coupling strength and the coupling length are not needed.
Key aroma compounds in Shanxi aged tartary buckwheat vinegar and changes during its thermal processing (2011)

ABSTRACT Shanxi aged vinegar differs from other vinegars in that it has a unique thermal process (6 days at 85°C) which creates its typical flavour. The present study evaluated the key aroma compounds of Shanxi aged vinegar made from tartary buckwheat by gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry. The influence of the thermal processing on product aroma was also studied. A total of 45 compounds were detected of which 24 were correctly identified while 21 were tentatively identified: the remaining six were unknown. Of the 45 compounds detected, 13 have not been previously reported in other vinegars. Most of the aroma compounds identified increased significantly during the first 3 days of heating and then decreased from the fourth day onwards. The changes may have resulted from different kinds of reactions, such as the Maillard reaction and other associated reactions such as degradation of amino acids. This study would be helpful for optimizing the processing conditions of Shanxi aged vinegar. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multispectral classification by a modular neural network architecture (2002)

Deals with the application of a modular neural network system to classification of remote sensed data characterized by a high number of spectral bands. The classification task was separated into two phases: (i) unsupervised data compression by a linear propagation network (LPN); (ii) supervised feature classification by a multi layer perceptron (MLP). In this work the unsupervised LPN module has been introduced to speed up the training phase of the MPL module. The performance of the MLP classifier trained, respectively, with the original uncompressed data and with the data preprocessed by the LPN module have been compared in terms of classification accuracy and computation time. The experimental results prove that even though the overall classification accuracy is comparable in both the experiments, the convergence time spent in the MLP training with the compressed data has been significantly reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speech recognition in programmable logic (2003)

Speech recognition is a computationally demanding task, especially the decoding part, which converts pre-processed speech data into words or sub-word units, and which incorporates Viterbi decoding and Gaussian distribution calculations. In this thesis, this part of the recognition process is implemented in programmable logic, specifically, on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Relevant background material about speech recognition is presented, along with a critical review of previous hardware implementations. Designs for a decoder suitable for implementation in hardware are then described. These include details of how multiple speech files can be processed in parallel, and an original implementation of an algorithm for summing Gaussian mixture components in the log domain. These designs are then implemented on an FPGA. An assessment is made as to how appropriate it is to use hardware for speech recognition. It is concluded that while certain parts of the recognition algorithm are not well suited to this medium, much of it is, and so an efficient implementation is possible. Also presented is an original analysis of the requirements of speech recognition for hardware and software, which relates the parameters that dictate the complexity of the system to processing speed and bandwidth. The FPGA implementations are compared to equivalent software, written for that purpose. For a contemporary FPGA and processor, the FPGA outperforms the software by an order of magnitude.
The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2018)

Fear of needles is common in patients requiring preventive care and in those undergoing treatment. Greater attention should be directed to interventions which alleviate fear in high-risk groups.
Effects of Fermentation on Curd Size and Digestibility of Milk Proteins In Vitro of Swedish Fermented Milk Products (1982)

In vitro digestibility of fermented milk products were studied. Size of curds at various stages of digestion was determined by a screening method, and the amount of nitrogen in each curd size was estimated by analyzing lyophilized curd samples. Results were compared with human milk which, having the best digestibility properties, was reference. Evaluation showed that low pH, especially as a result of fermentation, had a positive influence on in vitro digestibility. Yogurt and also acidophilus and bifidus milk, in spite of much higher protein content, resembled human milk fairly well in digestibility. Fermented milk products could be provided as easily digestible foods and tolerated by both infants, children, and adults even when gastrointestinal disturbances prevail.
CYBER HOPE OR CYBER HYPE (1996)

SUBTITLE: SEAT SALES VIA THE INTERNET COULD BE THE TICKET TO 100% LOAD FACTORS AND RECORD-BREAKING PROFITABILITY, SAYS ONE ANALYST.
Is closure of the peritoneal layer necessary in the repair of midline surgical abdominal wounds? (1990)

This study describes a prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether suture of the peritoneal layer is necessary as a separate step in the closure of midline abdominal surgical wounds. Consecutive patients undergoing abdominal operation--elective and emergency surgery--through a midline abdominal wound were randomized to have the peritoneal layer closed with continuous catgut, or to have this step omitted. The linea alba was closed with interrupted stainless steel sutures, and the skin approximated with staples. Patients were evaluated for wound sepsis, wound dehiscence, and subsequent incisional hernia development. Postoperative pain was assessed by a self-administered visual analogue score, and by measuring narcotic requirements. There was no significant difference in narcotic requirements, pain scores, or wound complications between the 2 groups. Single-layer closure of the abdominal wall is quicker, less costly, and theoretically safer than layered closure, and it is recommended that separate suture of the peritoneum be abandoned.
Echo Cancellation and Channel Estimation for On-Channel Repeaters in DVB-T/H Networks (2007)

This paper investigates the design and performance of an echo canceller for on-channel repeaters in DVB-T/H network within the framework of the PLUTO project. The possible approaches for echo cancellation are briefly reviewed and the main guidelines for the design of such systems are presented. The main system parameters are discussed. The performance of a FIR echo canceller based on an open loop approach for channel estimation is tested for different radio channel conditions and for different number of taps of the FIR filter. It is shown that a minimum number of taps is recommended to achieve a certain mean rejection ratio or isolation depending on the type of channel. Channel estimation based on training sequences is then investigated. The performance of maximum length sequences and constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences is compared for different channels. Recommendations are given for training sequence type, length and level for DVB-T/H on-channel repeater deployment in single frequency networks.
Tensor-based tag emotion aware recommendation with probabilistic ranking (2019)

In our previous research, we proposed a tag emotion-based item recommendation scheme. The ternary associations among users, items, and tags are described as a three-order tensor in order to capture the emotions in tags. The candidates for recommendation are created based on the latent semantics derived by a high-order singular value decomposition technique (HOSVD). However, the tensor is very sparse because the number of tagged items is smaller than the amount of all items. The previous research do not consider the previous behaviors of users and items. To mitigate the problems, in this paper, the item-based collaborative filtering scheme is used to build an extended data. We also apply the probabilistic ranking algorithm considering the user and item profiles to improve the recommendation performance. The proposed method is evaluated based on Movielens dataset, and the results show that our approach improves the performance compared to other methods.
Multibeam radar altimetry: spaceborne feasibility (1991)

An analysis of the inherent height and spatial resolution of an off-nadir radar altimeter is presented. For the general case, mean-square height uncertainty is shown to be proportional to the cross-track beamwidth divided by the along-track beamwidth. Thus, the cross-track beamwidth should be minimized and the along-track beamwidth maximized, subject to resolution and other constraints. A pure multibeam system with a 50-km beam offset, an altitude of 800 km, a 13.5-GHz frequency, and a 4.5-m-diameter antenna is found to yield a height random error of less than 5 cm. For the same conditions, errors decrease with increasing frequency: however, rain attenuation becomes a factor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Thermo-Responsive Poly(ionic liquid)s-Based Nanogels via One-Step Cross-Linking Copolymerization (2015)

In this study, thermo-responsive polymeric nanogels were facilely prepared via one-step cross-linking copolymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate/divinylbenzene and ionic liquid (IL)-based monomers, 1,n-dialkyl-3,3'-bis-1-vinyl imidazolium bromides ([CnVIm]Br; n = 6, 8, 12) in selective solvents. The results revealed that stable and blue opalescent biimidazolium (BIm)-based nanogel solutions could be obtained without any precipitation when the copolymerizations were conducted in methanol. Most importantly, these novel nanogels were thermo-response, and could reversibly transform to precipitation in methanol with temperature changes. Turbidity analysis and dynamic light scatting (DLS) measurement illustrated that PIL-based nanogel solutions presented the phase transform with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in the range of 5-25 °C. The nanogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, BIm-based nanogels could also be used as highly active catalysts in the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ and epoxides. As a result, our attributes build a robust platform suitable for the preparation of polymeric nanomaterials, as well as CO₂ conversion.
Effect of Verticillium dahliae on Photosynthesis, Leaf Expansion and Senescence of Field-grown Sunflower (2000)

On the basis of known sunower (Helianthus annuus L.) responses to soil water decit, it is proposed that the eect of the fungus Verticillium dahliae Klebahn on plant leaf area precedes and is greater than its eect on leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. To test this hypothesis, we measured shoot and leaf area growth, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and disease symptoms in a eld experiment including hybrids of high (Sankol) and low (Dekasol 3900) susceptibility to V. dahliae. Plants inoculated with V. dahliae and controls were compared. We also investigated the eect of V. dahliae on key components of plant leaf area, leaf expansion and senescence, in inoculated and control plants of Sankol and Toba, a hybrid of intermediate susceptibility to V. dahliae. Reduction in plant leaf area caused by V. dahliae was rst detected 31 d after inoculation (DAI), when visual symptoms of disease in inoculated plants were slight (Sankol) or absent (Dekasol 3900). Reduction in leaf photosynthesis was rst observed 66 DAI; stomatal conductance and leaf dark respiration were both unaected by V. dahliae during the whole experiment. In comparison with controls, V. dahliae reduced seasonal duration of plant leaf area by 25 % in Dekalb 3900 and by 55 % in Sankol, whereas the average reduction in leaf photosynthetic rate was 9 %. In correspondence with the reduction in leaf area duration, inoculation reduced shoot dry matter of mature Sankol by 50 %. In both experiments, less leaf expansion accounted for most of the early reduction in plant leaf area; as the disease progressed, increasing senescence also contributed to reduced plant leaf area. It is concluded that the response of sunower to V. dahliae resembled the response of the plant to soil water decit: (1) plant leaf area, rather than leaf photosynthetic rate, accounted for the reduction in growth in mass; and (2) reduced leaf expansion early in the season and faster leaf senescence in older plants accounted for the decrease in plant leaf area.
A high-performance Si-bipolar RF receiver for digital satellite radio (1998)

An integrated low voltage RF receiver for digital satellite radio is presented. It contains all the basic building blocks from the low noise amplifier (LNA) to the baseband buffer and two phase-locked loops (PLLs) which provide the RF and the intermediate frequency (IF) local oscillator signals. Innovative solutions for critical blocks such as the LNA, the IF buffer, the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), etc., as well as new arrangements for bias circuits have been adopted which greatly increase circuit performance. Moreover, 2.4 V regulated power supplies with power down capability have also been included. The receiver needs a small number of external components that are principally the RF image filter and the surface acoustic wave (SAW) channel filter. It achieves a maximum gain of 120 dB and a noise figure of 5 dB. The internal regulators are set to 2.4 V and ensure correct operation with an external power supply varying from 2.7 to 5.5 V. The receiver was integrated in a high performance 20 GHz silicon bipolar technology. Its die size is 18 mm/sup 2/ and it needs a quiescent current of 75 mA.
Epigenetic Modification Prevents Excessive Wound Healing and Scar Formation After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery (2016)

This study demonstrates that HDAC inhibition is an attractive pharmacologic target to modulate GFS wound healing, and SAHA, an HDACi, can be a useful adjunct to improve the GFS outcome.
Design Features Of The Space Telescope (1977)

The aperture for NASA's Space Telescope will be 2.4 meters. Although its form is conventional from an optical standpoint, it has substantial extensions of the state of the art, including provision for perfecting the optical figure of the primary mirror after it is placed in orbit, unique structural design and materials which render it immune to the severe thermal environment of space, and a pointing system which will control the direction of its line of sight to +0.007 arc-second (the head of a pin at 25 miles) for periods up to 10 hours. It will carry four or five science instruments at any one time, including cameras, spectrographs and photometers, all of which utilize electro-optical sensors, often operating in a photo-counting mode. Observational information will be transmitted to ground on a near-real-time basis through a data relay system which incorporates synchronous satellites and multiple ground stations. About 30 minutes of data will be available per orbit at a data rate of one megabit per second. There will be two on-board computers -- one to operate the science instruments and the other to operate the telescope. Command data is transmitted from the ground and engineering data transmitted back at a 50 kilobit per second data rate.
Research progress on site-oriented and three-dimensional immobilization of protein (2015)

In today's post-genome era, the goals of research are geared toward understanding the meaning of information in sequenced DNA, namely, understanding the functional characteristics of proteins encoded by genomes of living beings. Protein array technologies, particularly miniaturized high-throughput platforms such as micro- or nano-fluidic chips that allow the parallel detection of thousands of proteins simultaneously, are playing increasing important roles as discovery tools in proteomics. These technologies are based on principles of molecular recognition and consist of a support surface, such as a glass slide, bead, or microtiter plate, to which an array of captured proteins is bound. However, immobilized proteins often lose their immunoactivity and suffer from low surface density, which results in inefficient signal response. In this review, we mainly provide an introduction about the research progress on site-oriented adsorption of protein at solid-liquid interfaces, especially the three-dimensional immobilization of protein, whose objective is to retain immobilized proteins in an active state at great density.
<i>Phellodendron amurense</i>and Its Major Alkaloid Compound, Berberine Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Neuronal Impairment and Memory Dysfunction in Rats (2012)

We examine whether Phellodendron amurense (PA) and its major alkaloid compound, berberine (BER), improved memory defects caused by administering scopolamine in rats. Effects of PA and BER on the acetylcholinergic system and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were also investigated. Male rats were administered daily doses for 14 days of PA (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and BER (20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before scopolamine injection (2 mg/kg, i.p.). Daily administration of PA and BER improved memory impairment as measured by the passive avoidance test and reduced the escape latency for finding the platform in the Morris water maze test. Administration of PA and BER significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in cholinergic immunoreactivity and restored brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP-response element-binding protein mRNA expression in the hippocampus. PA and BER also decreased significantly the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in the hippocampus. These results demonstrated that PA and BER had significant neuroprotective effects against neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction caused by scopolamine in rats. These results suggest that PA and BER may be useful as therapeutic agents for improving cognitive functioning by stimulating cholinergic enzyme activity and alleviating inflammatory responses.