gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early motor deficits in mouse disease models are reliably uncovered using an automated home cage wheel-running system: a cross-laboratory validation (2014)

Deficits in motor function are debilitating features in disorders affecting neurological, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems. Although these disorders can vary greatly with respect to age of onset, symptomatic presentation, rate of progression and severity, the study of these disease models in mice is confined to the use of a small number of tests, most commonly the rotarod test. To expand the repertoire of meaningful motor function tests in mice, we tested, optimised and validated an automated home-cage-based running-wheel system, incorporating a conventional wheel with evenly spaced rungs and a complex wheel with particular rungs absent. The system enables automated assessment of motor function without handler interference, which is desirable in longitudinal studies involving continuous monitoring of motor performance. In baseline studies at two test centres, consistently significant differences in performance on both wheels were detectable among four commonly used inbred strains. As further validation, we studied performance in mutant models of progressive neurodegenerative diseases--Huntington's disease [TgN(HD82Gln)81Dbo; referred to as HD mice] and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [Tg(SOD1G93A)(dl)1/GurJ; referred to as SOD1 mice]--and in a mutant strain with subtle gait abnormalities, C-Snap25(Bdr)/H (Blind-drunk, Bdr). In both models of progressive disease, as with the third mutant, we could reliably and consistently detect specific motor function deficits at ages far earlier than any previously recorded symptoms in vivo: 7-8 weeks for the HD mice and 12 weeks for the SOD1 mice. We also conducted longitudinal analysis of rotarod and grip strength performance, for which deficits were still not detectable at 12 weeks and 23 weeks, respectively. Several new parameters of motor behaviour were uncovered using principal component analysis, indicating that the wheel-running assay could record features of motor function that are independent of rotarod performance. This represents a powerful new method to detect motor deficits at pre-symptomatic stages in mouse disease models and should be considered as a valid tool to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic agents.
Scalable FPGA-based architecture for DCT computation using dynamic partial reconfiguration (2009)

In this article, we propose field programmable gate array-based scalable architecture for discrete cosine transform (DCT) computation using dynamic partial reconfiguration. Our architecture can achieve quality scalability using dynamic partial reconfiguration. This is important for some critical applications that need continuous hardware servicing. Our scalable architecture has three features. First, the architecture can perform DCT computations for eight different zones, that is, from 1 × 1 DCT to 8× 8 DCT. Second, the architecture can change the configuration of processing elements to trade off the precisions of DCT coefficients with computational complexity. Third, unused PEs for DCT can be used for motion estimation computations. Using dynamic partial reconfiguration with 2.3MB bitstreams, 80 distinct hardware architectures can be implemented. We show the experimental results and comparisons between different configurations using both partial reconfiguration and nonpartial reconfiguration process. The detailed trade-offs among visual quality, power consumption, processing clock cycles, and reconfiguration overhead are analyzed in the article.
Enabling Secure Boot Functionality by Using Physical Unclonable Functions (2018)

A firmware encryption for embedded devices can prevent the firmware from being read out to clone the device to a counterfeited one or to steal the intellectual property of the software developer. Also the integrity is ensured to hinder an attacker from manipulating the firmware to a malicious one. In this work, a cryptographic concept to implement a Secure Boot functionality using the intrinsic properties of a specific hardware device is shown. After describing the Physical Unclonable Function and the cipher used for the implementation, the key generation algorithm is explained. Further, the function of the crypto-module inside the system architecture and the secure boot sequence are described.
Molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease. (1994)

Alzheimer's disease is the fourth major cause of death in the developed world and is a major social and health care issue. Recent molecular genetic research has shed new light on the pathogenesis of this debilitating condition.
Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans: Uridine Diphosphate Glucose 4′–Epimerase from Cornea and Epiphysial–Plate Cartilage (1975)

UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2.) was extracted from newborn-pig epiphysial-plate cartilage and whole bovine cornea. The formation of radioactive UDP-galactose from UDP[U-14C]glucose was demonstrated by radioautography after separation of the sugar nucleotides by paper chromatography or t.l.c. The pH optimum and the Km values for UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose and NAD+ were determined in both tissues. UDP-galactose and UDP-glucuronic acid formation after incubation with different UDP-glucose concentrations was followed; the same experiment was carried out using different UDP-galactose concentrations and following the formation of UDP-glucose and UDP-glucuronic acid. At equilibrium, the ratio UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose reaches a value of about 3.5. The results obtained seem to indicate that UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity is strongly dependent on that of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. The physiological meaning of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in the two tissues under study is discussed on the basis of the Km values of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and on the basis of the rate of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose utilization.
Does multiple-dose charcoal therapy enhance salicylate excretion? (1990)

Multiple-dose charcoal therapy has been shown to increase the excretion of some drugs. This study assesses the effects of this intervention on salicylate excretion in the postabsorptive phase. Ten human volunteers participated in this randomized, controlled, crossover, two-limbed protocol. On two occasions each volunteer ingested 2880 mg of aspirin. During the experimental limb, 25 g of activated charcoal was ingested at 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after drug ingestion. Pharmacokinetic data were derived from serial serum salicylate concentrations, and urinary salicylate excretion was quantified. Treatment effects were 9% and 18%, respectively. Although both are significant, they are clinically modest, making multiple-dose charcoal therapy of questionable value for acute salicylate poisoning. Controlled data demonstrating the clinical efficacy of this therapy are required to validate it as an intervention for this condition.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligomerization and Isomerization of Olefins by Catalysts Derived from Nickel Complexes of Dithio‐β‐diketonates. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biofilm Formation In Vivo on Perfluoro-Alkylsiloxane–Modified Voice Prostheses (1999)

Chemisorption of long-chain PAs by the silicone rubber used for voice prostheses reduces biofilm formation in vivo and therefore can be expected to prolong the life of these prostheses. Chemisorption of short-chain PAs by silicone rubber seems to have an adverse effect.
Opium poppy: a model system to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in plants (2005)

Remarkable progress on the biology of plant secondary metabolism has recently been realized. The application of advanced biochemistry, molecular, cellular, and genomic methodologies has revealed biological paradigms unique to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids. The use of model plant systems has facilitated integrative research on the biosynthesis and regulation of each group of natural products. The model legume, Medicago truncatula Gaertn., plays a key role in studies on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism. Mint ( Mentha × piperita L.) and various conifers are the systems of choice to investigate terpenoid metabolism, whereas members of the mustard family (Brassica spp.) are central to work on glucosinolate pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is also used to study the biosynthesis of most secondary compounds, except alkaloids. Unlike other categories of secondary metabolites, the many structural types of alkaloids are biosynthetically unrelated. The biology of each group is unique, although common paradigms are also apparent. Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) produces a large number of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and has begun to challenge Madigascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don), which accumulates monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, as the most versatile model system to study alkaloid metabolism. An overview of recent progress on the biology of plant alkaloid biosynthesis, with a focus on benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways in opium poppy and related species, highlights the emergence of opium poppy as an important model system to investigate secondary metabolism.
Identification of SART3‐derived peptides capable of inducing HLA‐A2‐restricted and tumor‐specific CTLs in cancer patients with different HLA‐A2 subtypes (2000)

We recently identified the SART3 antigen encoding shared tumor epitopes recognized by HLA-A2402-restricted and tumor-specific CTLs. Our study investigated whether the SART3 antigen encodes peptides recognized by the HLA-A2-restricted CTLs. The HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific CTL line recognized COS-7 cells co-transfected with the SART3 gene and either HLA-A0201, -A0206 or -A0207 cDNA but not those co-transfected with the SART3 gene and HLA-A2402 or -A2601 cDNA. The 2 SART3 peptides at positions 302 to 310 and 309 to 317 possessed the ability to induce HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific CTLs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients with various histological types and different HLA-A2 subtypes. Therefore, these 2 peptides could be useful for specific immunotherapy of a relatively large number of HLA-A2+ cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer 88:633–639, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of 20-MHz Radiofrequency Radiation on Rat Hematology, Splenic Function, and Serum Chemistry (1985)

In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in a TEM chamber to 20-MHz (HF-band) continuous-wave radiofrequency radiation (RFR) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week up to 6 weeks. The average E-field intensity was 2686 +/- 164 V/m (mean +/- SD) and the calculated specific absorption rate was 0.3 W/kg. Randomly sampled rats killed on Days 8, 22, 39, and 42 after initiation of exposure showed no statistically significant differences from controls for body mass, spleen cell density, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, methemoglobin, erythrocyte fragility, bilirubin, creatinine, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, sodium, potassium, and spleen cell chemiluminescence. Splenic mass differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) only on Day 22. Spleen to body mass ratios differed significantly between exposed and control groups on Days 22 and 39 (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.025, respectively). Histologic examination of the rats revealed the successive accumulation of phagocytic cells, lymphoid proliferation, development of lesions, and tissue necrosis characteristic of respiratory mycoplasmosis. In a followup experiment, a separate set of rats was exposed for 6 weeks to identical levels of RFR. No significant differences were found in splenic parameters and spleen cell peroxidative activity. Histologic examination of these animals revealed no evidence of mycoplasma infection. The observed differences between exposed and control animals of the first experiment appear to have resulted from subclinical respiratory mycoplasmosis rather than exposure to RFR.
Universal Dynamics of Molecular Reorientation in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites (2017)

The role of organic molecular cations in the high-performance perovskite photovoltaic absorbers, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>), has been an enigmatic subject of great interest. Beyond aiding in the ease of processing of thin films for photovoltaic devices, there have been suggestions that many of the remarkable properties of the halide perovskites can be attributed to the dipolar nature and the dynamic behavior of these cations. Here, we establish the dynamics of the molecular cations in FAPbI<sub>3</sub> between 4 K and 340 K and the nature of their interaction with the surrounding inorganic cage using a combination of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric spectroscopies, neutron scattering, calorimetry, and ab initio calculations. Detailed comparisons with the reported temperature dependence of the dynamics of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> are then carried out which reveal the molecular ions in the two different compounds to exhibit very similar rotation rates (≈8 ps) at room temperature, despite differences in other temperature regimes. For FA, rotation about the N···N axis, which reorients the molecular dipole, is the dominant motion in all phases, with an activation barrier of ≈21 meV in the ambient phase, compared to ≈110 meV for the analogous dipole reorientation of MA. Geometrical frustration of the molecule-cage interaction in FAPbI<sub>3</sub> produces a disordered γ-phase and subsequent glassy freezing at yet lower temperatures. Hydrogen bonds suggested by atom-atom distances from neutron total scattering experiments imply a substantial role for the molecules in directing structure and dictating properties. The temperature dependence of reorientation of the dipolar molecular cations systematically described here can clarify various hypotheses including those of large-polaron charge transport and fugitive electron spin polarization that have been invoked in the context of these unusual materials.
The fission gas problem for mobile fuel fast reactors (1959)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/5308/5/bac3489.0001.001.pdf
SDS: a framework for the design of DSP ASICs (1992)

A brief overview is given of the Sphinx Design System (SDS), a high-level synthesis system consisting of an integrated and interacting set of tools for the synthesis of digital circuits. The system is specifically tuned to the synthesis of digital signal processor (DSP) application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) from behavioral specifications written in Verilog. SDS consists of tools for behavioral, structural and logical synthesis, technology mapping and for simulation. C and SKILL have been used as the implementation and extension languages and the system will be integrated into the Cadence Edge Framework. SPS, the scheduling and allocation subsystem of SDS, is discussed in some detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereochemical evaluation of the relative activities of the cinchona alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum (1992)

Quinine and quinidine were over 100 times more active than 9-epiquinine and 9-epiquinidine against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum and over 10 times more active against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. Since the only structural difference between quinine, quinidine, 9-epiquinine, and 9-epiquinidine is their three-dimensional configuration, the three-dimensional structures of these four alkaloids were examined in order to explain the large difference in relative activities between the 9-epi alkaloids and quinine and quinidine. The crystal structure of 9-epiquinidine hydrochloride monohydrate was determined by X-ray diffraction and was compared with the crystal structures of quinine, quinidine sulfate dihydrate, and 9-epiquinine hydrochloride dihydrate. The crystallographic parameters for 9-epiquinidine hydrochloride monohydrate were as follows: chemical formula, C20H25N2O2+.Cl-.H2O; M(r), 378.9; symmetry of unit cell, orthorhombic; space group, P2(1)2(1)2(1); parameters of unit cell, a was 7.042 +/- 0.001 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), b was 9.082 +/- 0.001 A, c was 31.007 +/- 0.005 A; the volume of unit cell was 1,983.1 +/- 0.6 A3; number of molecules per unit cell was 4; the calculated density was 1.27 g cm-3; the source of radiation was Cu K alpha (lambda = 1.54178 A); mu (absorption coefficient) was 18.82 cm-1; F(000) (sum of atomic scattering factors at zero scattering angle) was 808; room temperature was used; final R (residual index) was 5.72% for 1,501 reflections with magnitude of F(o) greater than 3 sigma (F). The intramolecular distance from N-1 to O-12 in 9-epiquinidine and 9-epiquinine, although shorter than the corresponding distance in quinine and quinidine, was similar to those of other active amino alcohol antimalarial agents. In all four alkaloids, both the hydroxyl and amine groups formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds, showing the potential for forming hydrogen bonds with cellular constituents. However, the positioning of the N+-1--H-N1 and O-12--H-O12 groups relative to each other was quite different in the 9-epi alkaloids versus quinidine. This difference in positioning may determine the relative strengths, of the formation of hydrogen bonds with cellular constituents important to antimalarial activity and, therefore, may determine the relative strength of antimalarial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Preparation of Some 4‐Methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spin reversal in bilayer ultrathin magnetic films (1997)

We discuss the micromagnetics of two coupled layers of ultrathin films. The spins change from a closure domain arrangement to mostly aligned as the interlayer spacing is decreased. There are remanent domains at the edges which serve as nucleation centers and control the switching behavior in a field. The domain patterns are often changed after a hysteresis cycle, consistent with recent measurement of the giant magnetoresistance in multilayer structures. Different vorticity of the edge domains can lead to very different zero-field remanent domain structures.
Non‐Natural Eight‐Connected Solid‐State Materials: A New Coordination Chemistry (2004)

Non-CsCl topologies for eight-connected solid-state materials have been observed for the first time in three networks based on lanthanide cations and 4,4′-bipyridine-N,N′-dioxide ligands. The structure of the {[Yb(L)4](CF3SO3)3}∞ network is depicted. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52625_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A .1H n.m.r. study of isotope exchange catalysed by glycolytic enzymes in the human erythrocyte (1982)

The exchange of hydrogen and deuterium atoms between the C-2 position of lactate and solvent was monitored in suspensions of human erythrocytes by using a non-invasive spin-echo p.m.r. method that permits continuous assessment of the rate and the extent of exchange. Exchange rates were measured in cells suspended in buffers made in 2H2O and 1H2O after the addition of L-[2-1H]lactate and L-[2-2H]lactate respectively. The rate of exchange is dependent on the activities of four glycolytic enzymes (fructose bisphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase) and on the concentrations of their substrates. The dependence of the exchange on the following substrates was studied: (1) lactate, (2) the triose phosphates and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and (3) pyruvate. Observation of the exchange in vitro, in a system produced by mixing the isolated enzymes, permits determination of the individual isotope-exchange equilibrium velocities of the enzymes. The dependence of the equilibrium velocity of human erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase on NAD+ + NADH concentration was measured. Possible applications of these methods are discussed.
DC-DC boost converter with network model for photovoltaic system (2011)

Power electronic converters are an important feature of photovoltaic systems. The operations of such systems are highly reliant on their embedded communication infrastructures. Communication delays in delivering converter measurements across a computer controlled network can affect the accuracy of these measurements as viewed by remote hosts. With the preceding as motivation, this paper presents the simulation of an information embedded boost converter. The embedded information network will be represented two ways; by a logistic growth and an exponential model. Results will concentrate on the effect of delays on the overall analysis of the converter.
CMIME Update on Metal-Metal Oxide Atomistic Models [Slides] (2013)

Abstract Not Provided.
Measurement of the Treatment Efficiency on Soot Particles Flowing into a Wire/Cylinder Filter Energized by a Repetitive Impulse Voltage Generator (2005)

The electrostatic filtration is a process that has been studied for more than one century. Its applications are very various : one of the most recent applications is the Diesel exhaust gas after treatment. In a more specific way, car manufacturers are very interested in using corona discharges to remove the soot particles from the exhaust gas. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of repetitive voltage impulses on the treatment efficiency on soot particles and to compare results with those achieved when a DC supply is used. Experiments have been performed on a motor test bench where temperature and flow velocity of the exhaust gas are perfectly controlled. Several configurations of power supply have been tested at four engine revolution speeds. This study showed that the combination of direct voltage (- 7 kV) and pulsed voltage (-14 kV, 3 kHz) yields very interesting results. The voltage generator that has been used to provide these voltage waveforms is a thyristors-based switch.
Focusing attention in populations of semi-autonomously operating sensing nodes (2019)

Abstract Cognition and the cognitive processing of sensory information in biological entities is known to occur over multiple layers of processing. In the example of human vision there are a vast number of photo-receptors feeding into various layers of cells which pre-process the original information before it arrives to the brain (as biased data).We propose to use a mechanism known to theoretical biologists as a means to bring about adaptive selforganization in colonies of social insects, and to apply it to such early stage signal processing. The underlying mathematical model is simple, and in the coming years, robotics will move into an era when aggregating simple computation devices into massively large collectives becomes feasible, making it possible to actually build such distributed cognitive sensing systems.