gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison between TCDD and 3MC Action on CYPIAI Expression and EROD Activity in the Isolated Perfused Male Rat Liver (1998)

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (EROD) activity in ex vivo system, we have studied the action of TCDD and 3MC in the isolated perfused male rat liver. CYP1A1 mRNA level and EROD activity were measured in rat liver that was isolated and perfused with various chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), 17β-estradiol (E²), morin. TCDD or 3MC alone perfusion into male rat liver resulted in increase of CYP1A1 mRNA level and the magnitude of stimulation was one and half times higher with TCDD treatment than 3MC treatment. However E² perfusion into male rat liver showed slight stimulation of CYP1A1 mRNA level. When 10^(-8) M E² was perfused concomitantly with either 10^(-9) M TCDD or 10^(-9) M 3MC, stimulated CYP1A1 mRNA by either TCDD or 3MC was inhibited. Morin was examined for its effects on CYP1A1 mRNA level and result was similar to that was observed with estrogen except that morin alone did not change the level of CYP1A1 mRNA. EROD activity was also stimulated with either TCDD or 3MC perfusion, and the magnitude of EROD stiumlation was similar to that of CYP1A1 mRNA stimulation in response to TCDD or 3MC perfusion. This data is different from the data that we have obtained with female rat liver. Concomitant perfusion either E² or morin with TCDD or 3MC inhibited 3MC perfusion or TCDD perfusion stimulated EROD activity. These data confirm the hypothesis that TCDD and 3MC might act through the same mechanism of action on the regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression in male rat liver.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Cytotoxic Macrocycle (+)‐Hitachimycin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SU‐FF‐J‐65: Coherent Bremsstrahlung in Image Guided Radiotherapy (2009)

Purpose: To determine the suitability of coherent bremsstrahlung (CB) from monocrystalline targets for improving the quality of megavoltage imaging in radiotherapy by selectively enhancing the amount of photons in the energy range useful for diagnostic applications. Method and Materials: A theoretical investigation of CB was carried out in first‐order Born approximation. The interaction cross‐sections derived allow to study features of CB particularly at electron energies in the low MeV regime as used by common clinical linear accelerators. Special emphasis was placed on the comparison with incoherent bremsstrahlung, arising simultaneously. Photon energy distributions were calculated for electron beams hitting various monocrystalline targets at different angles with respect to major crystal axes. The suitability of various elemental crystals for creating low energy photons from megavoltage electrons was determined. Results: Examination of the cross‐sections identified diamond and tungsten crystals to be capable of significantly reducing average photon energies when used as bremsstrahlung targets. The mentioned effect is especially pronounced at electron energies between 10 and 20 MeV and, on a cross‐section level, outperforms ordinary bremsstrahlung produced with 5 MeV electron beams. In case of tungsten a further enhancement can be achieved by cooling the target. Conclusion: Monocrystalline targets carry the potential of creating considerably softer photon spectra than common amorphous or polycrystalline materials. They also offer the possibility of tuning the photon energy distributions by rotating the crystal with respect to the direction of the incident electron beam. Experimental realization, however, appears challenging as the emitted x‐rays are mainly concentrated in the forward direction, thus being unable to illuminate fields of view large enough for IGRT. An array of differently oriented crystals hit by a divergent electron beam is thought to circumvent this limitation.
Np <sub>4</sub> A alarmones function in bacteria as precursors to RNA caps (2020)

Stresses that increase the cellular concentration of dinucleoside tetraphosphates (Np<sub>4</sub>Ns) have recently been shown to impact RNA degradation by inducing nucleoside tetraphosphate (Np<sub>4</sub>) capping of bacterial transcripts. However, neither the mechanism by which such caps are acquired nor the function of Np<sub>4</sub>Ns in bacteria is known. Here we report that promoter sequence changes upstream of the site of transcription initiation similarly affect both the efficiency with which <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNA polymerase incorporates dinucleoside polyphosphates at the 5' end of nascent transcripts in vitro and the percentage of transcripts that are Np<sub>4</sub>-capped in <i>E. coli</i>, clear evidence for Np<sub>4</sub> cap acquisition by Np<sub>4</sub>N incorporation during transcription initiation in bacterial cells. <i>E. coli</i> RNA polymerase initiates transcription more efficiently with Np<sub>4</sub>As than with ATP, particularly when the coding strand nucleotide that immediately precedes the initiation site is a purine. Together, these findings indicate that Np<sub>4</sub>Ns function in bacteria as precursors to Np<sub>4</sub> caps and that RNA polymerase has evolved a predilection for synthesizing capped RNA whenever such precursors are abundant.
Interaction between calcium channel ligands and calcium channels. (1987)

Distinct drug receptors for 1,4-dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, and the benzothiazepine d-cis-diltiazem exist on voltage-dependent calcium channels. The drug receptors show reciprocal allosteric communication and are linked to calcium binding sites. The 1,4-dihydropyridine-selective receptor (probed with [3H]nimodipine) has a size (measured by radiation inactivation) identical in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain (180 kDa). To compare the sizes of 1,4-dihydropyridine receptors in different tissues, pure tritiated enantiomers of the arylazido photoaffinity probe [3H]azidopine were used to irreversibly label the purified 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor (155, 65, and 32 kDa) from guinea pig skeletal muscle transverse tubules and the membrane-bound cardiac receptor. The 155 kDa polypeptide region, but not the 65 or 32 kDa bands, was specifically labelled by (-)-[3H]azidopine. (+)-[3H]Azidopine did not label any of the polypeptides in the purified receptor preparation. In contrast with the results from other investigators, a 155 kDa polypeptide was also specifically labelled in cardiac membranes by (-)-[3H]azidopine. A 34 kDa photolabelled band carries a low-affinity 1,4-dihydropyridine binding site that has no obvious relation to the channel but is abundant in heart membranes and has apparently led to erroneous results in previous affinity or photoaffinity labelling experiments. Antibodies raised against the purified skeletal muscle channel precipitate the 125I-labelled 155 kDa channel polypeptide from skeletal muscle and precipitate the three drug receptor sites from both crude and purified channel preparations. We conclude that all three drug receptor sites are localized on this polypeptide.
Calibration of a resistance thermometer down to 0.04 degrees K (1969)

Method for calibrating germanium-resistance thermometers in cryostats between 0.4 degrees K and 4 degrees K involves extrapolating the specific heat of a simple metal to low temperatures. This method is used when a magnetic thermometer is not available.
Design And Implementation Of An Emission Spectroscopy Diagnostic In A High-pressure Strand Burner For The Study Of Solid Propell (2006)

The application of emission spectroscopy to monitor combustion products of solid rocket propellant combustion can potentially yield valuable data about reactions occurring within the volatile environment of a strand burner. This information can be applied in the solid rocket propellant industry. The current study details the implementation of a compact spectrometer and fiber optic cable to investigate the visible emission generated from three variations of solid propellants. The grating was blazed for a wavelength range from 200 to 800 nm, and the spectrometer system provides time resolutions on the order of 1 millisecond. One propellant formula contained a fine aluminum powder, acting as a fuel, mixed with ammonium perchlorate (AP), an oxidizer. The powders were held together with Hydroxyl-Terminated-Polybutadiene (HTPB), a hydrocarbon polymer that is solidified using a curative after all components are homogeneously mixed. The other two propellants did not contain aluminum, but rather relied on the HTPB as a fuel source. The propellants without aluminum differed in that one contained a bimodal mix of AP. Utilizing smaller particle sizes within solid propellants yields greater surface area contact between oxidizer and fuel, which ultimately promotes faster burning. Each propellant was combusted in a controlled, non-reactive environment at a range of pressures between 250 and 2000 psi. The data allow for accurate burning rate calculations as well as an opportunity to analyze the combustion region through the emission spectroscopy diagnostic. It is shown that the new diagnostic identifies the differences between the aluminized and non-aluminized propellants through the appearance of aluminum oxide emission bands. Anomalies during a burn are also verified through the optical emission spectral data collected.
Structural disorder and its effect on the superconducting transition temperature in the organic superconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">E</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CN</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>]</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Br</mml:mi></mml:math> (1998)

In this paper, we report direct evidence of a structural transition in the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}{(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{F})}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}[\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{CN})}_{2}]\mathrm{Br}$ near 80 K and the effect of disorder on the superconducting transition temperature. By cooling the sample from above 80 K, the interlayer magnetoresistance displays a bumplike feature, which increases sharply with increasing cooling rate. The rapidly cooled sample has a much larger resistivity and a lower transition temperature, which decreases linearly with increasing resistivity near the transition temperature. We propose that rapid cooling quenches the sample into a disordered state. Localized moments in the disordered state reduce the superconducting transition temperature.
Current Advances in DNA Repair: Regulation of Enzymes and Pathways Involved in Maintaining Genomic Stability (2011)

Novel discoveries in the DNA repair field have lead to continuous and rapid advancement of our understanding of not only DNA repair but also DNA replication and recombination. Research in the field transcends numerous areas of biology, biochemistry, physiology, and medicine, making significant connections across these broad areas of study. From early studies conducted in bacterial systems to current analyses in eukaryotic systems and human disease, the innovative research into the mechanisms of repair machines and the consequences of ineffective DNA repair has impacted a wide scientific community. This Forum contains a select mix of primary research articles in addition to a number of timely reviews covering a subset of DNA repair pathways where recent advances and novel discoveries are improving our understanding of DNA repair, its regulation, and implications to human disease.
Ultramicro protein arrays for cytokine detection (2005)

Several solid phase microarray based methods for the detection of genomic materials have been developed based on amplifying the target molecules. Since proteins cannot be amplified, a similar approach to protein detection faces some unique technical hurdles. The spot size limitation of microarray methods is among the primary contributor to these difficulties. Miniaturization of capture domains will enable the analysis of extremely small volumes of samples that cannot be amplified or replaced (e.g., cancer biopsy material). We have developed instrumentation (NanoArrayer™), surface patterning tools (SPT™s) and methodology to construct functional ultramicro arrays. In this report we describe the application of ultramicro antibody arrays for the capture and detection of mouse cytokines from small volumes.
実験用航空機によるHAPI/PLASI(進入角指示灯)の飛行評価 (2003)

This paper presents flight test results to evaluate the performance of the HAPI (Helicopter Approach Path Indicator) and PLASI (Pulse Light Approach Slope Indicator) positioned at Taiki Airfield. The flight tests were conducted using National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan's research helicopter and airplanes. The visual range, horizontal light distribution and vertical light distribution were examined using flight data. The visual range was approximately 1.5 nautical miles in the daytime, and more than five nautical miles at night. Within the visual range, the aircraft approached accurately according to the indicated path. The pilot commented that the background of the lights affected visibility.
Developmental Differences in Spinal Cyclooxygenase 1 Expression after Surgical Incision (2006)

These results suggest that developmental differences in COX-1 expression in the spinal cord likely explain the lack of efficacy of COX-1 inhibitors in the 2-week-old rats. Whether this reflects a deficit in factors that stimulate COX-1 expression or a difference in response to these factors is not addressed, but should similar deficits occur in humans, COX-1 inhibitors may exhibit reduced efficacy in infants.
Emergence, Distribution, and Molecular and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serotype 4,5,12:i:– (2009)

Salmonella spp. represent one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illnesses around the world. The species Salmonella enterica contains more than 2500 serotypes, and emergence of new human pathogenic Salmonella strains and serotypes represents a major public health issue. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- represents a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, which has rarely been identified before the mid-1990 s. The prevalence of this serotype among human salmonellosis cases has increased considerably since the mid-1990 s and Salmonella 4,5,12:i:- currently (i.e., the first decade of the 2000s) represents one of the most common serotypes among human cases in many countries around the world. This paper discusses our current knowledge of the global ecology, epidemiology, transmission, and evolution of this emerging Salmonella serotype.
CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMIC AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN PaCO2 WITH CONTINUOUS SODIUM ACETATE INFUSION (1984)

Barzllay, Zohar; Britten, Alan G.; Koehler, Raymond C.; Dean, J. Michael; Rogers, Mark C.; Traystmar, Richard J. Author Information
[Immunologic response to antiretroviral treatment with combined stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine]. (2001)

In our study, rise in T cells was not correlated with virological response, however increase in total and naive CD4 T cells was correlated with the CD4 count at onset of therapy (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that patients on d4T-ddl-nevirapine therapy have the same immune restoration as patients given protease inhibitor-based regimens.
Correction: Simplified Procedure for the Preparation of Metal Diselenolenes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCorrection: Simplified Procedure for the Preparation of Metal DiselenolenesF. Wudl, E T. Zellers, and S D. CoxCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 26, 4765Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online9 June 2008Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00220a604https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00220a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Summary of Flight-Determined Transonic Lift and Drag Characteristics of Several Research Airplane Configurations (1959)

Flight-determined lift and drag data from transonic flights of seven research airplane configurations of widely varying characteristics are presented and compared with wind-tunnel and rocket-model data. The airplanes are the X-5 (590 wing sweep), XF-92A, YF-102 with cambered wing, YF-102 with symmetrical wing, D-558-ii, X-3, and X-LE. The effects of some of the basic configuration differences on the lift and drag characteristics are demonstrated. As indicated by transonic similarity laws, most of the configurations demonstrate a relationship between the transonic increase in zero-lift drag and the maximum cross-sectional area. No such relationship was found between the drag-rise Mach number and its normally related parameters. A comparison of flight and wind-tunnel data shows a generally reasonable agreement, but Reynolds number differences can cause considerable variations in the drag levels of the flight and wind-tunnel tests. Maximum lift-drag ratios vary widely in the subsonic region as would be expected from differences in aspect ratio and wing thickness ratio; however, the variations diminish as the Mach number is increased through the transonic region. The attainment of maximum lift-drag ratio in level flight by several of the airplanes was limited by engine performance, stability characteristics, and buffet boundaries.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Baeyer—Villiger Oxidations of 4‐Mono‐ and 4,4‐Disubstituted Cyclohexanones by Whole Cells of Engineered Escherichia coli. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The α‐isoform of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 from rabbit skeletal muscle is inactivated by p70 S6 kinase or MAP kinase‐activated protein kinase‐1 in vitro (1994)

The alpha-isoform of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3 alpha) was inactivated by 80% towards a synthetic peptide substrate upon incubation with Mg-ATP and either MAP kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase-1 or p70 S6 kinase. Inactivation by either kinase resulted from the phosphorylation of Ser-21 and was reversed by treatment with protein phosphatase 2A1. Phosphorylation also decreased GSK3 alpha activity towards glycogen synthase, inhibitor-2 and c-jun. The specificity of GSK3 alpha was similar to GSK3 beta, but with the synthetic peptide substrate heparin stimulated the dephosphorylated form of GSK3 alpha (6-fold) more than GSK3 beta (1.8-fold). After phosphorylation, both isoforms were stimulated 15-20-fold by heparin.
Experimental Evaluation of the Structural Characteristics of Extruded Aluminum Stepladders (2003)

Accidents associated with the use of portable step ladders are estimated to exceed 100,000 annually. Causes are often attributed to the actions of user, and not the mechanical or structural properties of the ladder. To assess the characteristics of modern ladder designs, a comprehensive experimental study was conducted in which the overall stability of the structure as well as the strains within specific structural members were measured during the normal use of extruded aluminum step ladders. Measurements of the force required to tip the ladder during use found that ladder stability was lower than expected. Stability was significantly reduced by user motion and an unlevel support surface. Commercially available Type III ladders were instrumented with strain gages on both the side front rails and steps; measured strains were used to compute dynamic stresses generated while users performed a variety of typical actions on the ladder. In general, stresses were much higher than those predicted from static analysis, and suggest a dynamic factor of at least 2.5 is necessary to adequately account for the loads applied to the structure. Overall, the actual factors of safety attained experimentally were significantly less than those required by ANSI Standard 14.2 for portable metal step ladders. This was attributed to the fact that the factor of safety defined in the standard is based on static loads alone, and does not adequately account for the dynamic stresses associated with the normal use of these structures.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Supervised Patient-Management of Hemophilia (1973)

Forty-five patients with hemophilia A and B were formally instructed in the management of their bleeding problems. Home infusion was permitted without prior consultation with a physician. Data from 12 months of this program were compared with results from the previous year. There was 74% reduction in absenteeism, 89% reduction in days hospitalized, 76% reduction in outpatient visits, and 45% decrease in health care costs. Use of factor VIII or IX decreased slightly. No patients had morbidity attributable to this program. The only important hazard was the exposure of family members to hepatitis from contaminated needles; one case occurred. These results, coupled with a gratifying trend towards more normal life patterns, suggest that the more widespread application of this form of therapy is justified. Hemophilia self-therapy may provide a useful model for improving the delivery of health care in certain other chronic illnesses.