gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&#x201C;Capacitive&#x201D; pulse shapes for platinum cuff electrodes (2011)

Artificial electrical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system is an established therapy for several pathologies and motor impairments. Therapeutic outcomes can be improved with targeted patterns of neural activation, but the required signal amplitudes to achieve this response exceed the limits for safe stimulation. This can lead to electrode corrosion and tissue damage. In this paper, we present a novel approach to pulse shape design based on the properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface. We aim to improve electrode stability at higher voltages by exploiting the potential-independent mechanisms of charge injection. We identified signal parameters associated with capacitive current flow at the platinum interface and incorporated these features into the design of cathodal pulse shapes. A pulse shape comprising 4 high-frequency 'capacitive' harmonics demonstrated a 40 fold performance benefit compared to a conventional square pulse, but irreversible reactions could not be completely avoided during current flow. However, the enhanced electrode stability with the 'capacitive' pulse shapes suggests further optimization of pulse designs according to a surface 'stability function' might allow for safe stimulation with greater electrode voltages.
A novel liver perfusion analysis method (2005)

In this paper we apply level set segmentation to aid in automating the clinical challenge of measuring the contrast agent concentration in liver perfusion time series. For this, we apply implicit contour methods to time series of two-dimensional MRI images to yield accurate measurements of local image properties located relative to the shape of the liver across all images in the series. Our results show that Level Set Methods can be used to provide the necessary segmentation shape data to reliably measure local image intensities positioned relative to this shape throughout a time series, where the location and shape of the object to be tracked changes.
Brackish water subirrigation for vegetables (2002)

Abstract As freshwater resources for irrigation are being depleted rapidly, recent emphasis has been on the development of nonconventional water sources: reuse of agricultural drainage water, use of industrial or municipal wastewater, and use of brackish water for irrigation. Experiments conducted in field lysimeters over three seasons sought to investigate the feasibility of using brackish water for growing moderately sensitive crops. Brackish waters, with salinity levels of 1, 5 and 9 dS m −1 , were used. In 1993 the effects of a factorial combination of three subirrigation water salinity levels, two water table depths and four NPK fertilizer combinations on salt buildup in an initially nonsaline soil and on green pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) performance were assessed. A gradual increase in soil solution salinity (EC sw ) from the water table to the soil surface was evident; however, throughout the growing season, the EC sw did not reach a level that could seriously damage the crop. There was no significant difference in pepper yields due to either salinity of subirrigation water or water table depth. In 1994, two potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were grown in the soil, which was salinized with 3.5 dS m −1 water before planting tubers. The salt buildup pattern was similar to that observed in 1993; however, the EC sw levels were higher in 1994 due to the higher initial soil salinity. Moreover, a decrease in EC sw was observed near the water table in lysimeters subirrigated with 1 dS m −1 water. For both cultivars, no significant difference in tuber yield was observed due to either water table depth or subirrigation water salinity. In 1995, three potato cultivars were grown in a nonsaline soil as well as a soil presalinized with 2 dS m −1 water. In the topsoil layer, higher rate of increase in EC sw was observed in the saline soil compared to the nonsaline soil. No significant difference in total tuber yield was observed due to either the initial soil salinity levels or subirrigation water salinity levels. Brackish water with salinity levels of up to 9 dS m −1 , when applied through subirrigation, could be used to successfully produce green peppers and potatoes under semiarid to arid conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of precious metals from PCBs of e-waste (2019)

In international market, the price of precious metals is increasing rapidly due to increase in its demand. Limited natural resources, stringent environmental regulations and generation of huge amount of e-waste containing precious metals (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) compels to develop feasible technology to recover metals from waste and save the environment from other hazardous substances present in such wastes. Present paper is focused on the recycling of precious metals (Au, Pd) from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of e-waste. PCBs were de-soldered to separate the integrated circuits (ICs) and separated ICs were pulverized to get fine powder. The pulverized ICs were analysed and\nfound to contain ~0.8% Au, 0.01% Pd, 12% Cu along with plastics and ceramics. Leaching was carried out using nitric acid to dissolve Cu and Pd, leaving Au in the leached residue. Solvent extraction studies were carried out using 0.5% LIX84IC at low pH to selectively extract Pd leaving Cu in the raffinate. Further, using cementation/ evaporation techniques, metal / salt of Cu and Pd were produced. The process developed is environment friendly and acts in accordancewith stringent environmental policy.
Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Maize Cell Walls: An Example of Energy Plants (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cell wall anatomy Cell wall biosynthesis and molecular structure Advanced approaches for characterizing cell wall structure Summary Acknowledgment References
Blasen- und Rektuminfiltration durch Uteruskarzinome: Treffsicherheit der CT und der MRT im Vergleich zu endoskopischen Verfahren (1997)

CT and MRI allow to predict involvement of bladder or rectum wall in carcinoma of the uterus with a similar accuracy as endoscopic procedures.
The Association of Genome-Wide Significant Spirometric Loci with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Susceptibility (2011)

Two recent metaanalyses of genome-wide association studies conducted by the CHARGE and SpiroMeta consortia identified novel loci yielding evidence of association at or near genome-wide significance (GWS) with FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC. We hypothesized that a subset of these markers would also be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility. Thirty-two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near 17 genes in 11 previously identified GWS spirometric genomic regions were tested for association with COPD status in four COPD case-control study samples (NETT/NAS, the Norway case-control study, ECLIPSE, and the first 1,000 subjects in COPDGene; total sample size, 3,456 cases and 1,906 controls). In addition to testing the 32 spirometric GWS SNPs, we tested a dense panel of imputed HapMap2 SNP markers from the 17 genes located near the 32 GWS SNPs and in a set of 21 well studied COPD candidate genes. Of the previously identified GWS spirometric genomic regions, three loci harbored SNPs associated with COPD susceptibility at a 5% false discovery rate: the 4q24 locus including FLJ20184/INTS12/GSTCD/NPNT, the 6p21 locus including AGER and PPT2, and the 5q33 locus including ADAM19. In conclusion, markers previously associated at or near GWS with spirometric measures were tested for association with COPD status in data from four COPD case-control studies, and three loci showed evidence of association with COPD susceptibility at a 5% false discovery rate.
Design of active structural acoustic control systems using a nonvolumetric eigenproperty assignment approach (1997)

Sound radiation of planar radiators such as beams and plates is known to be directly related to the velocity distribution over the structural surface at low frequencies. For example, nonvolumetric modes correspond to poor sound radiators for small k0a. In this work, to achieve significant sound attenuation in the low-frequency range, the SISO eigenassignment technique is used to modify the eigenproperties of a planar structure using structural actuators and sensors so that all the modes of the controlled structure are nonvolumetric. The main advantage of such an approach is that the design is independent of the disturbance characteristics (i.e., type, position, and frequency content) and does not require sensors in the radiation field. The design procedure for the control system in the modal domain is presented. The formulation is applied to a simply supported beam with SISO feedforward control. Radiation efficiency, far-field sound radiated power and mean-square surface velocity are extensively studied. The results show that the control scheme proposed here is very efficient in reducing sound radiation at low frequencies.
Rich Services: The Integration Piece of the SOA Puzzle (2007)

One of the key challenges to successful systems-of-systems integration using Web services technologies is how to address crosscutting architectural concerns such as policy management, governance, and authentication, while still maintaining the lightweight implementation and deployment Jlavor that distinguishes Web services fiom earlier attempts at providing interoperable enterprise systems. To address this challenge, this article introduces the notion of a Rich Service, an extension of the standard service notion, based on an architectural pattern that allows hierarchical decomposition of system architecture according to separate concerns. Rich Services enable the capture of dzfferent system aspects and their interactions. By leveraging emerging Enterprise Service Bus technologies, Rich Services also enable a direct transition from a logical to a deployed service-oriented architecture (SOA). This results in immediate beneJits not only in SOA design, implementation, deployment, and quality assurance, but also in the traceability of architectural requirements to an SOA implementation.
Geminin deficiency enhances survival in a murine medulloblastoma model by inducing apoptosis of preneoplastic granule neuron precursors (2017)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer of childhood. Further understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms may define new therapeutic targets. Geminin maintains genome fidelity by controlling re-initiation of DNA replication within a cell cycle. In some contexts, Geminin inhibition induces cancer-selective cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and/or sensitizes cancer cells to Topoisomerase IIα inhibitors such as etoposide, which is used in combination chemotherapies for medulloblastoma. However, Geminin's potential role in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis remained undefined. Here, we found that Geminin is highly expressed in human and mouse medulloblastomas and in murine granule neuron precursor (GNP) cells during cerebellar development. Conditional Geminin loss significantly enhanced survival in the SmoA1 mouse medulloblastoma model. Geminin loss in this model also reduced numbers of preneoplastic GNPs persisting at one postnatal month, while at two postnatal weeks these cells exhibited an elevated DNA damage response and apoptosis. Geminin knockdown likewise impaired human medulloblastoma cell growth, activating G2 checkpoint and DNA damage response pathways, triggering spontaneous apoptosis, and enhancing G2 accumulation of cells in response to etoposide treatment. Together, these data suggest preneoplastic and cancer cell-selective roles for Geminin in medulloblastoma, and suggest that targeting Geminin may impair tumor growth and enhance responsiveness to Topoisomerase IIα-directed chemotherapies.
ChemInform Abstract: A PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED COUPLING REACTION AND A PHOTOLYTIC REACTION FOR THE DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF 5‐ARYLPYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES (1981)

Abstract Aus dem 5‐(Chlormercuri)‐2′‐desoxyuridin (I) entstehen mit den Iodiden (II) in Gegenwart einer Pd‐Verbindung die Kondensate (III).
Germanium Phthalocyanines<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGermanium Phthalocyanines1Ralph D. Joyner and Malcolm E. KenneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 22, 5790–5791Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01507a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01507a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time Non-invasive Identification of Cells and Microorganism using Digital Holographic Microscopy (2010)

We briefly overview applications of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for real-time non-invasive three dimensional sensing, tracking, and recognition of living microorganisms such as single/multiple cell organisms, bacteria, etc. Analytical frameworks and experimental results are presented.
Cell-type-specific cytotoxicity of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 ricin immunotoxins against human alloreactive T-cell clones (1989)

Potent T-cell subset-directed immunotoxins (ITs) were generated by conjugating the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) G17-2 and the anti-CD8 MoAb G10.1 to the ribosome-inhibitory protein, ricin. The cell-type-specific cytotoxicities of the generated ITs were evaluated at the clonal level using human alloreactive T-cell clones. The kinetics of anti-CD4 ricin-induced inactivation of protein synthesis in target CD4+ cloned T-cells was first order with no detectable lag period and a maximum rate of 0.07 logs per hour (t10 = 13.6 hours; first-order rate constant/K = 0.17 hr-1). The alloantigen specific lytic function of the CD4+ cytolytic T-cell clone JMAC28 was acutely sensitive to anti-CD4 ricin, and no residual lytic activity against allogeneic targets was detectable 24 hours after treatment with as little as 0.5 mmol/L anti-CD4 ricin. Notably, both anti-CD4 ricin and anti-CD8 ricin elicited a selective and dose-dependent inhibition of clonal proliferation of target T-cell clones with a maximum kill of greater than 3 logs at 5 nmol/L. No significant "bystander effects" were observed for non-target cells. Bone marrow progenitor cells CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM were only minimally affected by either IT. We conclude that these ITs show considerable potential for effective depletion of T-cell subpopulations from allogeneic donor marrow grafts for clinical graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.
The Synthesis of 11-Hydroxylated Cortical Steroids. 17-Hydroxycorticosterone<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 11-Hydroxylated Cortical Steroids. 17-Hydroxycorticosterone1N. L. Wendler, R. P. Graber, R. E. Jones, and M. TishlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 14, 3630–3633Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01134a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (536 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines by a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)—H Activation/Electrocyclization Strategy: Total Synthesis of Coralydine (XI). (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Combined TIPSS with modified Sugiura operation for portal hypertension]. (1999)

Combined TIPSS with modified Sugiura operation not only can reduce portal pressure and improve portal circulation, but also completely interrupt coronary vein and maintain liver function.
[Persistent cerebellar ataxia following typhoid fever]. (1995)

We report a patient who developed acute cerebellar ataxia, delirium, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and acute renal failure following typhoid fever. After treatment his general conditions improved except for cerebellar ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), before and after intravenous gadolinium administration, showed slight atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. 1-123 iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography (IMP-SPECT) images showed markedly reduced radioisotope (RI) uptake in the cerebellum, and strongly implicated dysfunction of the cerebellum. Our report suggests that severe typhoid fever can produce persistent cerebellar dysfunction.
The analysis of nicotine-1‘-<i>N</i>-oxide in urine, in the presence of nicotine and cotinine, and its application to the study of<i>in vivo</i>nicotine metabolism in man (1971)

Abstract A rapid quantitative assay for nicotine-1′-N-oxide in urine, in the presence of nicotine and cotinine, is reported. The urinary excretion of nicotine, cotinine and nicotine-1′-N-oxide was determined after nicotine had been administered in cigarette smoke, orally, or intravenously to subjects with either fluctuating, controlled acidic or controlled alkaline urinary pH. The urinary excretion of the N-oxide in 24 h from smokers under normal conditions was about half that of the cotinine excretion; more trans- than cis-diastereoisomer of nicotine-1′-N-oxide was excreted.
Long‐term root uptake of radiocesium by several crops (1984)

Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the long‐term availability of radiocesium (Cs‐137) to various crops grown on contaminated soil that were limed to pH 6.8 (LIME) or were limed and Zn‐ and Mn‐EDTA chelates added (LIME + CHELATE). Crops were grown either continuously or followed a cropping sequence. Continuously grown clover and bahiagrass accumulated the most Cs‐137 with levels exceeding 2,000 pCi/g dry weight in bahiagrass. Uptake of Cs‐137 was depressed by both the LIME and LIME + CHELATE treatments. Uptake was usually greatest during the first three years but only in unlimed soil. Cesium‐137 is about 3 to 8 times higher in soybean beans than in wheat grain. Uptake of Cs‐137 by plants from contaminated soil can be expected to be high in acidic soils, especially in the absence of lime treatment.
Inhibition of Phosphorylase‐a by Fructose‐1‐Phosphate, α‐Glycerophosphate and Fructose‐1,6‐Diphosphate: Explanation for Fructose‐Induced Hypoglycaemia in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance and Fructose‐1,6‐Diphosphatase Deficiency* (1973)

Abstract. The effect of fructose‐1‐phosphate, α‐glycerophosphate and fruetose‐1,6‐diphosphate on the activity of liver phosphorylase‐a has been investigated at different concentrations of inorganic phosphorus.—Inhibition of phosphorylase‐a by fructose‐1‐phosphate is competitive, by α‐glycerophosphate it is noncompetitive and by fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate uncompetitive. The K i is 4 × 10 ‐3 M for fructose‐1‐phosphate and in the range of 5 to 6 × 10 ‐2 M for fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate and α‐glycerophosphate. The activity of phosphorylase‐a and its inhibition by fructose‐1‐phosphate depends very much on the concentration of inorganic phosphorus.—In fructose‐1,6‐diphosphatase deficiency glucose production from gluconeogenic precursors is impossible, whereas in hereditary fructose intolerance accumulated fructose‐1‐phosphate blocks the residual abnormal hepatic aldolase. Our findings explain fructose induced hypoglycaemia in hereditary fructose intolerance and fructose‐1,6‐diphosphatase deficiency by a block in glycogenolysis at the level of phosphorylase‐a.
Thermal rearrangement of deltacyclene to indan. Facile and deep-seated aromatization (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal rearrangement of deltacyclene to indan. Facile and deep-seated aromatizationJohn S. Wishnok, George Groman, Fred Miller, and Jayant DeshpandeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 17, 2643–2644Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00931a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00931a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts