gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catabolism of Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate by Extracts of the Marine Bacterium Beneckea natriegens (1977)

SUMMARY: AMP is catabolized by cell-free extracts of Beneckea natriegens to inosine via adenosine by AMP nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase. In the presence of ATP, the AMP nucleotidase is inhibited and an AMP deaminase is activated, resulting in formation of IMP. When low concentrations of ATP are used, the IMP is converted, simultaneously with ATP consumption, to inosine by IMP nucleotidase, which is presumably ATP-sensitive. Since 5′-nucleotidases from various organisms are known to catabolize several ribonucleoside monophosphates, the AMP and IMP nucleotidase activities of B. natriegens may be due to the same enzyme. CTP, GTP and UTP inhibit AMP nucleotidase from B. natriegens without stimulating AMP deaminase, thus severely decreasing the rate of AMP breakdown.
Aberrant Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination and Switch Translocations in Activated B Cell-Like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. (2006)

Abstract To elucidate the mechanisms underlying chromosomal translocations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we investigated the nature and extent of immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) in these tumors. We used a Southern blot assay to detect legitimate and illegitimate CSR events in 92 primary tumor samples of either the activated B-cell-like (ABC; n = 50), germinal center B cell-like (GCB; n =31), and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBL; n = 11) subgroups of DLBCL. We could clearly distinguish ABC DLBCL from GCB and PMBL by the phenotype shown in these experiments. The frequency of legitimate CSR was significantly lower in ABC DLBCL compared to GCB DLBCL and PMBL (30% vs. 58% vs. 64%; p = 0.012 and p = 0.035 respectively). In contrast, illegitimate switch recombination events were more frequent in ABC than in GCB (56% vs. 32%; p = 0.037). Similarly, ABC DLBCL had a higher frequency of internal deletions within the switch μ region compared to GCB DLBCL and PMBL (48% vs. 13% vs. 0%; p = 0.0012 and p = 0.003, respectively). ABC DLBCLs also had frequent deletions within Sγ (66%) and Sα (26%). Sequence analysis revealed ongoing Sμ deletions within ABC DLBCL tumor clones, with 4–19 separate deletions occurring per case. In addition, Sμ deletions were accompanied by ongoing segmental duplications and apparent AID-dependent somatic mutations in Sμ, consistent with failed attempts at AID-mediated CSR. Unexpectedly, short fragments derived from multiple chromosomes were interspersed within the deleted Sμ regions. Furthermore, aberrant switch recombination was responsible for translocations in ABC DLBCLs involving the known oncogenes BCL6 and MYC. In addition, we were able to identify a novel translocation involving the switch γ3 region and the gene encoding the B-cell transcription factor SPIB in the ABC cell line OCI-Ly3. These findings suggest that ABC DLBCLs have abnormalities in the regulation of CSR that predispose to chromosomal translocations.
Adverse Effects of Early Dexamethasone Treatment in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants (2001)

In preterm infants, early administration of dexamethasone at a moderate dose has no effect on death or chronic lung disease and is associated with gastrointestinal perforation and decreased growth.
In vivo leukocyte labeling with intravenous ferumoxides/protamine sulfate complex and in vitro characterization for cellular magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

Cellular labeling with ferumoxides (Feridex IV) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can be used to monitor cells in vivo by MRI. The objective of this study was to use histology and MRI to evaluate an in vivo, as opposed to in vitro, technique for labeling of mononuclear leukocytes as a means of tracking inflammatory processes in the brain. Long-Evans rats were intravenously injected with 20 mg/kg ferumoxides, ferumoxtran-10, or ferumoxytol with or without protamine sulfate. Leukocytes and splenocytes were evaluated by cell sorting and iron histochemistry or were implanted into the brain for MRI. Injection of ferumoxides/protamine sulfate complex IV resulted in iron labeling of leukocytes (ranging from 7.4 +/- 0.5% to 12.5 +/- 0.9% with average 9.2 +/- 0.8%) compared with ferumoxides (ranging from 3.9 +/- 0.4% to 6.3 +/- 0.5% with average 5.0 +/- 0.5%) or protamine sulfate alone (ranging from 0% to 0.9 +/- 0.7% with average 0.3 +/- 0.3%). Cell sorting analysis indicated that iron-labeled cells were enriched for cell types positive for the myelomonocytic marker (CD11b/c) and the B lymphocyte marker (CD45RA) and depleted in the T cell marker (CD3). Neither ferumoxtran-10 nor ferumoxytol with protamine sulfate labeled leukocytes. In vivo ferumoxides/protamine sulfate-loaded leukocytes and splenocytes were detected by MRI after intracerebral injection. Ferumoxides/protamine complex labeled CD45RA-positive and CD11b/c-positive leukocytes in vivo without immediate toxicity. The dose of feumoxides in this report is much higher than the approved human dose, so additional animal studies are required before this approach could be translated to the clinic. These results might provide useful information for monitoring leukocyte trafficking into the brain.
Current status of fuzzy system applications in power systems (2003)

During the last ten years, fuzzy system applications have received increasing attention in manufacturing industries, heavy industries, transportation systems, water supply systems. The applications are mainly for controllers, however, there also exist many other areas such as prediction, diagnosis, optimization and planning. In power systems, many applications have been proposed, however, most of them are still under investigation or in the development stage. Fuzzy systems have been increasingly used to develop more efficient schemes for power system operation, planning, control and management. This paper presents the current status of fuzzy system applications to power systems and future considerations of fuzzy system applications.
Large Vertical Displacement Electrostatic Zipper Microstage Actuators (2014)

An out-of-plane electrostatic microactuator delivering exceptionally high vertical displacements is described. The devices, based on an electrostatic zipper actuator design, employ composite Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> beams with engineered stress gradients that result in large and controllable beam curvatures. The microactuators are fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator/deep reactive-ion etching process, with an additional oxidized silicon wafer serving as a bonded ground electrode. Simple cantilever Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> zipper actuators are investigated and extended to a meander configuration with regions of variable curvature able to produce large tip deflections in a small on-chip footprint. An analytic model is presented and used to optimize deflection of the meander-shaped zipper actuators, followed by the implementation of a full microstage actuator employing parallel meanders connected to a moving silicon stage. Using this configuration, purely vertical actuation is realized. The static deflections of various actuator designs are characterized and shown to be in a good agreement with analytical predictions. Fabricated microstage actuators achieving deflections up to 60% of their in-plane dimensions are described, and reliable actuation over nearly 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Hz is demonstrated.
Tumour necrosis factor‐α cytokine promoter gene polymorphism in Hodgkin's disease and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (1999)

Regulation of cytokine levels has been shown to be under genetic control through the coding and promoter sequences of genetic polymorphisms. We elucidated the prevalence of a previously described G to A transition polymorphism at position -308 of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter region in a population of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) (n = 36) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (n = 49) and healthy volunteers (n = 51). The DNA fragment containing this polymorphism was amplified by PCR and sequenced by solid-phase minisequencing. The frequency of the TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism was not significantly different between CLL patients and HD patients compared to controls.
Transient Exposure to HIV-1 Tat Protein Results in Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Astrocytes (1999)

The pathological correlates of dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are glial cell activation and cytokine dysregulation. These findings occur in the setting of small numbers of productively infected cells within the brain. We determined whether exposure of susceptible cells to Tat protein of HIV could result in the production of select proinflammatory cytokines. In a dose-responsive manner, Tat induced interleukin (IL)-1beta production in monocytic cells, while astrocytic cells showed an increase in mRNA for IL-1beta, but had a translation block for IL-1beta protein production. Conversely, IL-6 protein and mRNA productions were strongly induced in astrocytic cells and minimally in monocytic cells. IL-1beta and IL-6 production were independent of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. An exposure to Tat for a few minutes was sufficient for sustained releases of cytokines for several hours. This prolonged cytokine production is likely maintained by a positive feed back loop of Tat-induced nuclear factor kappaB activation and cytokine production that is independent of extracellular calcium. Thus a transient exposure may be sufficient to initiate a cascade of events resulting in cerebral dysfunction and a "hit and run" approach may be in effect. Hence cross-sectional measurement of viral load in the brain may not be a useful indicator of the role of viral products in the neuropathogenesis of HIV dementia.
Síndrome de Cowden: presentación de un caso clínico con lesiones orales (2001)

Cowden syndrome is an autosomal-dominant inheritance disease, characterized by the presence of skin and oral mucosa multiple hamartomas and nodules, together with thyroid and breast anomalies and polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, which tend to undergo malignant transformation, especially in breast and thyroids. Therefore, the oral lesions early diagnosis facilitates the identification of asintomatic lesions, in other parts of the body. This is the case in the report we are to present, in which the patient, probably with the Cowden Syndrome, because of the presence of multiple hamartomas in the oral mucose diagnosed a breast carcinoma, and other alterations such as thyroid calcifications and polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract.
Gone baby gone—but how? (2012)

In this issue of Blood , Tewalt et al show how the interaction between PD-1 on CD8 T cells, and its ligand PD-L1 on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), appears to play a critical role in peripheral tolerance characterized by deletion.[1][1]

Although the thymus plays a significant role in T-cell
Preemptive quality of service infrastructure for wireless mobile ad hoc networks (2006)

The infrastructureless nature of mobile ad hoc networks poses an extreme challenge for the design of conventional and Quality of Service (QoS) routing protocols. To the best of our knowledge, current QoS routing protocols have primarily been designed to meet QoS metric(s) without concentrating on the robustness of the proposed routing solution. This paper proposes a QoS virtual backbone (QoS-VBB) that can be used for robust QoS routing and monitoring. The proposed QoS-VBB nodes are mainly selected based on individual node stability and available bandwidth for each node. This QoS-VBB has proactive maintenance capability which makes it suitable for dynamic network MANETs' environs. We conducted simulation experiments and analytical studies for the proposed algorithm. In addition to its preemptive behavior, the proposed QoS-VBB demonstrates several salient features.
A Microfabricated Colloid Thruster Array (2002)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001.
The Energy Supply Chain Net (2013)

The integration and the effective use of all available energy resourpces are possible only under a global view of the power systems. A holistic approach of the power system control, which includes all voltage levels from high to low voltage and the corresponding commercial model, is represented in the following.
Delayed Hypersensitivity, as Manifested by Granuloma Formation, Dermal Reactivity, Macrophage Migration Inhibition and Lymphocyte Transformation, Induced and Elicited in Guinea Pigs with Soluble Antigens of Schistosoma Mansoni Eggs (1973)

Abstract Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was induced in guinea pigs 3 to 6 days after immunization with microgram quantities of soluble antigens derived from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (SEA). Sensitization was achieved by incorporating SEA into complete Freund's adjuvant, but remarkably, animals could also be sensitized by intraperitoneally injected live eggs, or by direct injection of SEA alone into the footpad. DH was measured by comparing dermal and granulomatous reactivity in vivo and 3H-thymidine incorporation and macrophage migration inhibition (MI) in vitro. SEA could be employed successfully also for the elicitation of the different immune responses. The parameters appeared in parallel, MI preceding the rest by 1 day. Granuloma formation, which occurred within 24 hr in the lungs of sensitized animals, correlated well with other parameters of DH. During the 1st 10 days of immunization, when DH was already fully developed, γ1 or γ2 antibodies could not be detected in the circulation of immunized animals.
Stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of zidovudine as the bulk drug and in pharmaceutical dosage forms (2004)

A sensitive, selective, precise, and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been established and validated for analysis of zidovudine both as the bulk drug and in formulations. The method employs aluminum-backed silica gel 60F 254 HPTLC plates with toluene-carbon tetrachloride-methanol-acetone, 3.5 + 3.5 + 2.0 + 1.0 ( v/v ), as mobile phase. This system was found to give compact spots ( RF 0.41 ± 0.02) for zidovudine.Densitometric analysis of zidovudine was performed in absorbance mode at λ = 270 nm. Response was linearly dependent on amount of zidovudine in the range 100–6000 ng per spot with a significantly high correlation coefficient ( r2 = 0.998 ± 0.53). Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed there was a good linear relationship with r2 = 0.998 ± 0.0003 in the working concentration range 100 to 1000 ng per spot. The mean values of the slope and intercept were 0.063 ± 0.004 and 39.61 ± 1.09, respectively.The method was validated for precision, robustness, and recovery. The limits of detection and quantitation were, respectively, 20 and 40 ng per spot. Statistical analysis proved the method was repeatable and selective for estimation of the drug.Zidovudine was subjected to acid and alkaline hydrolysis, to oxidation, to dry and wet heat treatment, and to photodegradation; it was found to undergo degradation under all these conditions except dry heat treatment. The degradation products were well separated from the pure drug with significantly different RF values. Because the method can effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed for stability-indicating analysis.The proposed HPTLC method was used to investigate the kinetics of acid degradation. An Arrhenius plot was constructed and the activation energy was calculated.
Calibration of flow cytometry detector systems (1981)

A method of determining the relative intensity of the fluorescence signal measured by a fluorescence activated signal measured by a fluorescence activated cell sorter is described. The calibration process is a multistep procedure, in which the signal gain due to the amplifier module is first evaluated, followed by determination of the photomultiplier response as a function of tube voltage for each fluorochrome and filter combination of interest. Using these values, a simple mathematical calculation then determines the relative intensity of a fluorescent signal, even for samples differing in intensity by several orders of magnitude.
The Methanolysis of 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Methanolysis of 3,4-Epoxy-1-butenePaul D. Bartlett and Sidney D. RossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 926–929Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Gaunt Factor for Free-Free Transitions in Pure Hydrogen. (1954)

view Abstract Citations (9) References Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Gaunt Factor for Free-Free Transitions in Pure Hydrogen. Kulsrud, Russell M. Abstract The Gaunt factor for free-free transitions of an electron in the interior of a star, assuming pure hydrogen, is computed, taking into account the overlapping of the coulomb fields of the hydrogen ions. It is found that the results originally obtained by Sommerfeld for the case of a pure coulomb field must be altered by changing the normalization of his electronic wave functions at infinity. A simple analytic expression is found for the Gaunt factor, and its average over the Maxwell distribution of the initial velocities is carried out. The results are given in Table t. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: March 1954 DOI: 10.1086/145836 Bibcode: 1954ApJ...119..386K full text sources ADS |
Real-Time Investigation of Conduction Mechanism With Bias Stress in Silica-Based Intermetal Dielectrics (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The real-time conduction mechanism during bias stress of three silica-based intermetal dielectrics in Cu damascene structures was investigated. High-frequency capacitance and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$I$</tex> </formula>–<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$V$</tex></formula> measurements were intermittently inserted into the process of bias stress to monitor the conduction mechanism change with time. All experiments show that the capacitance is constant, and the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$I$</tex></formula>– <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$V$</tex></formula> curve slope decreases with bias stress and converges to half of the initial value. Based on an extended Frenkel–Poole model with compensation effects, we propose that the changes of the acceptor/donor densities in the dielectrics result in the apparent <formula formulatype="inline"><tex> $I$</tex></formula>–<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$V$</tex></formula> curve slope evolution, but the dominant conduction mechanism is always bulk controlled. </para>
Monitoring and evaluating the stability of soil slopes: A review on various available methods and feasibility of acoustic emission technique (2014)

Landslide is considered as one of the major natural hazards that cause enormous social and economic losses. Some techniques have been introduced to monitor the stability of slopes, such as the global positioning system (GPS), the geographic information system (GIS), aerial photography, and inclinometers. Each one of these offers advantages against others, but at the same time also possesses different limitations. Acoustic emission (AE) has recently been recognized as one of the feasible techniques to monitor soil slope. This article addresses issues involved in application of AE techniques for soil slope monitoring. If it is properly instrumented, AE could provide effective solutions for detecting early activities related to landslide development and giving early warning to such failures.
Discriminative learning of deformable contour models (2014)

In this work we propose a machine learning approach to improve shape detection accuracy in medical images with deformable contour models (DCMs). Our DCMs can efficiently recover globally optimal solutions that take into account constraints on shape and appearance in the model fitting criterion; our model can also deal with global scale variations by operating in a multi-scale pyramid. Our main contribution consists in formulating the task of learning the DCM score function as a large-margin structured prediction problem. Our algorithm trains DCMs in an joint manner - all the parameters are learned simultaneously, while we use rich local features for landmark localization. We evaluate our method on lung field, heart, and clavicle segmentation tasks using 247 standard posterior-anterior (PA) chest radiographs from the Segmentation in Chest Radiographs (SCR) benchmark. Our learned DCMs systematically outperform the state of the art methods according to a host of validation measures including the overlap coefficient, mean contour distance and pixel error rate.
Asterane, VII. Studien am Norpinan, Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan (1972)

Abstract Aus Norpinanon‐(2) ( 3 ) werden Norpinaon‐(3) ( 10 ) und weitere Norpinanderivate hergestellt. Die alkalische Zersetzung des Tosylhydrazons 7 von 3 liefert unter verschiedenen Bedingungen wechselnde Mengen an Norbornen ( 19 ), Tricyclen ( 20 ), Tricyclo[3.2.0.0 2.7 ]heptan ( 23 ) und Norpinen ( 8 ); die des Tosylhydrazons 9 von 10 ausschließlich 8 . Die Photolyse von 3‐Diazo‐norpinanon‐(2) ( 27 ) ergibt als Hauptprodukt das unter Wolff‐Umlagerung gebildete Keten‐Dimere 30 . Die freie Energieschwelle beim Umklappen im Norpinan ( 1 ) muß viel tiefer liegen als beim Cyclohexan, die des 3.3‐Difluor‐norpinans ( 32 ) muß ungefähr 4 kcal/Mol sein.