gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusive and hydraulic permeabilities of water in water‐swollen polymer membranes (1971)

Abstract The diffusive permeability of water P , which relates to diffusive flux of water under a concentration gradient of water (measured by diffusion of tritiated water), and the hydraulic permeability of water K , which relates to the water flux under a hydraulic pressure gradient are defined. For the case of diffusive transport one has P = KRT /ν 1 , where ν 1 is the molar volume of water. The relationship between P and K was investigated as a function of hydration H , i.e., the volume fraction of water in swollen polymer membranes. The following characteristic features of water permeability are revealed. (a) In the lowhydration region ( H < 0.2), water permeates by diffusion even under an applied hydraulic pressure gradient and KRT /ν 1 = P . (b) In the higher hydration region KRT /ν 1 is greater than P , and the ratio ω = KRT /ν 1 P increases nearly exponentially with decrease of (1‐ H )/ H . Water in this region moves partly by bulk flow under an applied hydraulic pressure gradient but moves only by diffusion in the absence of a pressure gradient. (c) The dependence of log P on (1‐ H )/ H is nearly linear in regions of both high and low hydration but the slopes are different. The transition occurs in about the same H range where the discrepancy between P and KRT /ν 1 becomes significant. Excellent agreement was found between the experimental data for P as a function of H and the theoretical prediction based on the free‐volume concept of diffusive transport in hydrated homogeneous membranes.
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme System: Genetic Polymorphisms and Impact on Clinical Pharmacology (1999)

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system is involved in the metabolism and elimination of numerous widely used drugs. The capacity of this system varies from one person to another, leading to variable drug excretion rates and intersubject differences in the final serum drug concentrations. For this reason, therapeutic response and side-effects vary widely between patients treated with the same dose of drug. The intersubject variability in metabolic rate is largely determined by genetic factors. Some CYP enzymes, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, are genetically polymorphic. Several mutant alleles have been described, Environmental factors such as smoking, diet and co-administration of medications might also influence the CYP enzyme activity. By the use of genotyping or phenotyping methods every individual can be classified as either a poor, an intermediate, an extensive or an ultrarapid metabolizer. If this could be performed prior to drug therapy, the knowledge could be applied to drug selection and dose adjustment in order to reach therapeutic serum drug levels.
Regulation of Myosin-Bound Protein Phosphatase by Insulin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Evaluation of the Role of Rho Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathways (2000)

In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of myosin-bound protein phosphatase (MBP) regulation by insulin and evaluated the role of MBP in insulin-mediated vasorelaxation. Insulin rapidly stimulated MBP in confluent primary vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures. In contrast, VSMCs isolated from diabetic and hypertensive rats exhibited impaired MBP activation by insulin. Insulin-mediated MBP activation was accompanied by a rapid time-dependent reduction in the phosphorylation state of the myosin-bound regulatory subunit (MBS) of MBP. The decrease observed in MBS phosphorylation was due to insulin-induced inhibition of Rho kinase activity. Insulin also prevented a thrombin-mediated increase in Rho kinase activation and abolished the thrombin-induced increase in MBS phosphorylation and MBP inactivation. These data are consistent with the notion that insulin inactivates Rho kinase and decreases MBS phosphorylation to activate MBP in VSMCs. Furthermore, treatment with synthetic inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3kinase), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) all blocked insulin’s effect on MBP activation. We conclude that insulin stimulates MBP via its regulatory subunit, MBS partly by inactivating Rho kinase and stimulating NO/cGMP signaling via PI3-kinase as part of a complex signaling network that controls 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation and VSMC contraction.
Voltage balancing control of a novel modular multilevel converter (2011)

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is an emerging and highly attractive multilevel converter topology for medium and high voltage applications. In this paper, the equivalent circuit and power transmission model of MMC is proposed, based on which, the idea that control the current of positive leg and negative leg independently is brought up and a new multi-hierarchy method to balance the capacitor voltages is deduced. First, the average voltage of all submodules in a phase leg is got as a feedback to regulate the dc component of current command, which controls the average voltage of capacitors in a phase leg. Second, by adding active current to the positive leg current command and reverse phase active current to the negative leg can balance the average voltage of the capacitors in positive leg between negative leg. Third, a compensate signal which is added into the PWM control signal of each submodule makes each capacitor voltage in a leg balanced. The feasibility of independent leg current control, as well as the effectiveness of voltage-balancing control is verified by simulation.
Murine and human b locus pigmentation genes encode a glycoprotein (gp75) with catalase activity. (1990)

Melanogenesis is regulated in large part by tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase; monophenol, L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1), and defective tyrosinase leads to albinism. The mechanisms for other pigmentation determinants (e.g., those operative in tyrosinase-positive albinism and in murine coat-color mutants) are not yet known. One murine pigmentation gene, the brown (b) locus, when mutated leads to a brown (b/b) or hypopigmented (Blt/Blt) coat versus the wild-type black (B/B). We show that the b locus codes for a glycoprotein with the activity of a catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) (catalase B). Only the c locus protein is a tyrosinase. Because peroxides may be by-products of melanogenic activity and hydrogen peroxide in particular is known to destroy melanin precursors and melanin, we conclude that pigmentation is controlled not only by tyrosinase but also by a hydroperoxidase. Our studies indicate that catalase B is identical with gp75, a known human melanosomal glycoprotein; that the b mutation is in a heme-associated domain; and that the Blt mutation renders the protein susceptible to rapid proteolytic degradation.
Common Channel Interoffice Signaling: Signaling Network (1978)

The CCIS signaling network provides an efficient, reliable signaling capability for calls between CCIS-equipped switching offices. This article contains a description of the signaling network and the Signal Transfer Points. The discussion highlights the normal signaling message routing as well as the reaction to system failures.
The Soviet Union, the United States and International Security (1949)

It is now three years since the United Nations General Assembly first convened in London, and over five years since the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China announced at the first Moscow Conference their recognition of “the necessity of establishing at the earliest practicable date a general international organization … for the maintenance of international peace and security.”
Microfabrication methods for the study of chemotaxis (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.
Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Nanoporous Alumina Templates/Aluminum Foil for Electrodes of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (2009)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were directly grown on nanoporous alumina templates/aluminum foil by chemical vapor deposition using different temperatures and times. Next, aluminum was sputtered onto the nanoporous alumina templates with grown CNTs/aluminum foil with grown CNTs by varying the sputtering time and power. Finally, aluminum oxide was formed by anodizing in an ammonium adipate solution. A higher capacitance as well as a superior operation voltage (55.10 V) with the pore bottom of the alumina templates as a substrate and a higher capacitance as well as a superior operation voltage (38.44 V) with an aluminum foil substrate were obtained at better/the best CNT growing conditions and better sputtering conditions (65 W and 4 h). Furthermore, the higher the CNT growing temperature, the higher the capacitance. The capacitance decreased with increasing sputtering power and time, but the operation voltage increased with increasing sputtering power and time.
Database design by computer-aided schema transformations (1995)

The focus of the paper is schema transformation during the development of an information system. A framework is described for conversion and transformation of conceptual (semantic) data models and their internal (machine-oriented) representations. This framework allows us to ‘walk’ through the solution space of candidate internal representations for a given conceptual data model. This walk may be randomised or performance-driven, where storage requirements and average response times are combined in a multi-objective fitness function. Furthermore, a wide variety of control parameters may be embedded, such as preferences for database table size, absence of data redundancy or absence of optional database fields. Basic experimental results produced by a prototype convertor/transformer are presented, including deviations from the standard optimal normal form for databases.
The N-Glycosylation Modification of LHBs (Large Surface Proteins of HBV) Effects on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Cell Proliferation and its Secretion (2013)

In conclusion, our studies powerfully demonstrated that modification of LHBs by N glycosylation could modulate their secretion, affect ER stress or expression of cycling, cell cycle and proliferation. The N320K may be the key sites N-linked glycosylation modification of LHBs. It may be a mechanism of HBV-induced HCC.
Encyclopedia of handspinning (1988)

A volume full of factual and technical knowledge, gathered together in an A-Z format. Current and traditional designs of spinning wheel are described. Woolcombing and carting are given a treatment, as are the cleaning and preparation of fleeces.
Effect of Dicycloplatin, a Novel Platinum Chemotherapeutical Drug, on Inhibiting Cell Growth and Inducing Cell Apoptosis (2012)

Dicycloplatin, a new supramolecular platinum-based antitumor drug, has been approved by the State Food and Administration (SFDA) of China. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of dicycloplatin in cancer cells and signaling pathways involved in dicycloplatin-induced apoptosis. Dicycloplatin inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells and increased the percentage of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, some apoptosis related events were observed after treatment with dicycloplatin, including increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, upregulation of p53, which were accompanied by activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, caspase-8, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in a concentration-dependent manner. The role of apoptosis in dicycloplatin-mediated cell death was further confirmed by the concomitant treatment with caspase-8 or caspase-9 inhibitors, which inhibited apoptosis and PARP cleavage. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) was also found to inhibit the cytotoxic effect of dicycloplatin. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dicycloplatin induces apoptosis through ROS stress-mediated death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway which is similar to carboplatin.
A rapid method for haemophilia B mutation detection using conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (1999)

Conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) was confirmed as an effective procedure for screening the factor IX (FIX) gene by detecting 10/10 previously known FIX gene mutations. The FIX genes of a further 11 haemophilia B patients with unknown mutations were then screened and an abnormal CSGE profile was identified in all cases. Subsequent DNA sequencing demonstrated one of these to be a novel mutation (31133insT, Arg338Fs), the remaining 10 having been previously reported on the haemophilia B database. Mutation screening of the FIX gene using CSGE was demonstrated to be a rapid and efficient means of carrier analysis in families with haemophilia B.
ANALYSIS OF UNLINKED SUPPRESSORS OF AN O° MUTATION IN SALMONELLA (1963)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A manufacture of locking mechanism debugger in the electro-optical tracker (2011)

The necessarity of the locking mechanism debugger is discussed in this paper at first,and then,the locking mechanism debugger is designed as well as the characteristic of the locking mechanism is introduced,the locking mechanism designed in this paper can complete the detection of the equipment and lock or unlock the mechanism singlely,and able to judge the state of locking mechanism.The hardware and software are introduced in detail,and test shows that this system has nice characteristic and performance: simple structure,simple electrocircuit and simple operation,which provides more advantages in the work.
Techniques to generate ISI and jitter-free bandlimited Nyquist signals and a method to analyze jitter effects (1979)

An analytical method to predict the data pattern dependent jitter is presented. Results obtained are shown to be in excellent agreement with those obtained by computer simulation and laboratory measurement. In order to find methods that can generate an ISI (intersymbol interference) and jitter-free bandlimited Nyquist signal, a double-intervaled raised cosine and its spectral characteristics are studied. Based on this, a search for new double-intervaled pulses having low spectral sidelobes is conducted. Pulses having desirable spectral characteristics and their application in communication systems are discussed. Two methods for the generation of ISI and jitter-free Nyquist signals are described. The first one uses the concept of pulse overlapping while the second one incorporates the nonlinear switching concept. These two methods are equivalent as they can generate the same output signals. Hardware implementation and measured results on this nonlinear switching filter are given. The simplicity of its design and its low cost will enable this type of nonlinear switching filter suitable for use in low bit rate satellite communication systems.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DEPSIPEPTIDES PART 11, SYNTHESIS OF DIDEPSIPEPTIDES OF D‐ALPHA‐HYDROXYGLUTARIC ACID (1975)

Abstract Das α‐Hydroxyglutarsäurederivat (IV) wird aus dem Lacton (I) über die Stufen (II) und (III) dargestellt.
Development status of the microcomputer compensated crystal oscillator (1996)

The design of the MCXO eliminates the three primary obstacles to stability of the conventional temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO). These are: (1) errors in measuring the crystal temperature; (2) use of a fundamental mode AT instead of an overtone SC cut crystal; and, (3) hysteresis and aging associated with pulling the crystal. As a result, the MCXO achieves about 30 times better stability than the best TCXOs. In this paper we review the MCXO design technology, describe the Q-Tech MCXO, QT2001, and describe some future developments.
An improved direct adaptive multichannel turbo equalization scheme for underwater communications (2012)

An improved direct adaptive multi-channel turbo equalization receiver structure employing adaptive Doppler compensation is proposed for wireless communications over sparse underwater acoustic (UWA) channels. Compared to existing direct adaptive turbo equalization schemes that have been used for underwater communications, two novel techniques are employed to improve the overall system performance: 1) the extrinsic log likelihood ratio (LLR) output by the equalizer, and exchanged between the turbo equalizer and decoder is calculated by taking into account the a prior probability of the symbol constellation other than assuming equal probability, 2) improved proportionate normalized least-mean-square (IPNLMS) algorithm that can take advantage of the sparsity inherent in underwater acoustic channel is utilized to update the coefficients of the multi-channel turbo equalizer. Lake experiments results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 2kbps error-free data transmission in 1.8km range, 2kHz bandwidth with a carrier frequency of 9kHz, and obviously outperform the existing direct adaptive turbo schemes for underwater communications in convergence rate and bit error rate (BER).
A New Methodology for Adjustment of Iron Scattering Cross Sections Using Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy (2007)

Monte Carlo analysis of a time-of-flight experiment was performed to investigate the iron scattering cross section. Experimental data were utilized to build a Monte Carlo source for simulation of a time-of-flight (ToF) experiment with a spherical iron shell, different source spectra, and different angular beam source alignments. For this study, two pointwise cross section libraries, ENDF/B-VI and JEFF 3.0 are examined. Comparison of calculation and experimental results indicates differences that are larger than experimental and calculation errors. To reduce the observed discrepancy, pointwise data in the ENDF/B-VI iron scattering cross section file were adjusted at a few energy intervals using a utility code developed for this purpose. Adjusted cross sections resulted in closer agreement of calculated results with the experimental Time-of-Flight data. Multigroup cross sections were generated with the adjusted cross sections and results indicate pressure vessel fluence may be underestimated.
Metastable polymers of the nitrogen oxides. 2. Open-chain polymers of the nitric oxide dimers and of nitrous oxide: a MNDO/AM1 study (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetastable polymers of the nitrogen oxides. 2. Open-chain polymers of the nitric oxide dimers and of nitrous oxide: a MNDO/AM1 studyWalter H. JonesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2, 594–603Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100181a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100181a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Plasma amino acids of lean and obese Zucker rats subjected to a cafeteria diet after weaning. (1991)

Plasma amino acids of Zucker obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) rats fed either a reference nonpurified pellet or a cafeteria diet have been studied from 30 to 60 days after birth. Obese rats showed higher plasma branched chain amino acid levels but similar total amino acids, urea and glucose concentrations. The ingestion of a cafeteria diet induced higher levels in many amino acids, as well as in the composite figure in lean rats, but failed to alter total 2-amino nitrogen concentrations in obese rats, despite high levels in several non-essential amino acids and lower values in essential amino acids; urea levels were much lower in rats fed the cafeteria diet. The results are consistent with an impairment of amino acid nitrogen elimination via urea cycle in cafeteria diet-fed rats. This is independent of the hyperinsulinemia-driven plasma accumulation of several essential amino acids induced by genetic obesity. The effects were, then additive.
X radiation sources based on accelerators (2008)

Light sources based on accelerators aim at producing very high brilliance coherent radiation, tuneable from the infrared to X-ray range, with picosecond or femtosecond light pulses. The first synchrotron light sources were built around storage rings in which a large number of relativistic electrons produce “synchrotron radiation” when their trajectory is subjected to a magnetic field, either in bending magnets or in specific insertion devices (undulators), made of an alternating series of magnets, allowing the number of curvatures to be increased and the radiation to be reinforced. These “synchrotron radiation” storage rings are now used worldwide (there are more than thirty), and they simultaneously distribute their radiation to several tens of users around the storage ring. The most effective installations in term of brilliance are the so-called 3rd generation synchrotron radiation light sources. The radiation produced presents pulse durations of the order of a few tens of ps, at a high rate (of the order of MHz); it is tuneable over a large range, depending on the magnetic field and the electron beam energy and its polarisation is adjustable (in the VUV-soft-X range). Generally, a very precise spectral selection is made by the users with a monochromator. The single pass linear accelerators can produce very short electron bunches ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="0.2em"/> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>femtosecond</mml:mtext> </mml:math> ). The beam of very high electronic density is sent into successive undulator modules, reinforcing the radiation's longitudinal coherence, produced according to a Free Electron Laser (FEL) scheme by the interaction between the electron bunch and a light wave. The very high peak brilliance justifies their designation as 4th generation sources. The number of users is smaller because an electron pulse produces a radiation burst towards only one beamline. Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL) let the beam pass several times in the accelerator structures either to recover the energy or to accelerate the electrons during several turns, and thus provide subpicosecond beams for a greater number of users. A state-of-the-art of X sources using conventional (and not laser plasma based) accelerators is given here, underlying the performance already reached or forecast and the essential challenges.