gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis of Power Systems (1969)

Modern control theory is being used more and more in regulator design of synchronous generator automatic regulating equipment. Making use of the well-established linearized equations of the synchronous machine and its control equipment, the characteristic equation of the system is developed from which the eigenvalues of the system are found. The sensitivities of these eigenvalues to the various parameters of the control system are calculated. This approach can provide a basis for optimal design of the system. A detailed sensitivity analysis is made of a particular system under various operating conditions, and results are tabulated, making it possible to obtain a clear idea about the effect of any parameter on the system performance and dynamic stability limit.
The n-butanol fraction of Naematoloma sublateritium suppresses the inflammatory response through downregulation of NF-κB in human endothelial cells (2012)

Naematoloma sublateritium (Fr.) P. Karst is a chestnut mushroom that is currently a popular edible fungus in the USA, Japan, China and Korea. Although its therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases has been demonstrated, the pharmacological effect of N. sublateritium (NS) has been poorly studied. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that NS suppresses TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The n-butanol fraction of NS (BFNS) inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-adhesive activity of BFNS correlated with suppressed expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, BFNS dose-dependently decreased the expression of inducible nitrogen oxygen synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Notably, BFNS significantly regulated the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcriptional activity that was activated by TNF-α stimulation. When considered together, these results suggest that BFNS inhibits the expression of TNF-α-induced adhesion molecules in addition to regulating the iNOS/COX-2 pathways through the modulation of NF-κB in endothelial cells. In conclusion, we propose that BFNS may be a potential therapeutic agent against vascular inflammation, such as atherosclerosis.
Psychopathology in Infancy and Early Childhood: Clinical Perspectives on the Organization of Sensory and Affective-Thematic Experience (1984)

The developmental-structuralist approach to psychopathology in infants and young children involves studying adaptive and maladaptive patterns at each level of "experimental organization" from the early sensory, motor, and affective-thematic organizations to the later representational ones. Psychopathology may be related to defects or constrictions at each organizational level, including the representational or symbolic realm, without underlying vulnerabilities in earlier levels of organization, and may also involve the presumed "underbelly" of the personality, those central nervous system organizations that have to do with filtering and processing of perceptions and experience (the early sensory and affective-thematic organizations). The most severe psychopathologies, it will be suggested, occur where there are compromises in both the early sensory and affective-thematic and later representational organizations. Early limitations in "processing" animate or inanimate experiences may, in many instances, be highly specific and reversible rather than global. The early detection of sensory and affective-thematic organizational compromises, followed by approaches that facilitate phase-specific "essential experiences" through intact sensory pathways and the remediation of compromised ones, may provide a systematic base for possible preventive intervention approaches.
Thickness Vibrations of Saturated Magnetoelastic Plates (1965)

The general, linearized, coupled magnetoelastic equations for arbitrarily anisotropic, magnetically saturated insulators, which were derived in a previous paper, are specialized to the important case of a homogeneous, static biasing state. The equations applicable in the special case of a material in cubic class m3m are determined from the more general ones. Consideration of the material constants known for yttrium iron garnet allows the equations to be simplified considerably because many terms are negligible compared to a few which dominate. These latter equations are applied in the determination of the solution for the thickness vibrations of an infinite cubic plate, which is magnetized to saturation along a cube edge, for two special orientations of the magnetization direction relative to the surface of the plate. In both cases the driving field is normal to the magnetization direction, and it is shown that the fundamental solutions of the differential equations are coupled at the traction-free and exchange-torque-free surfaces of the plate. However, when the fundamental solutions are circularly polarized, only those solutions which have the same sense of circular polarization are coupled. It is further shown, in both instances, that this boundary coupling disappears when the exchange interaction is neglected. In an Appendix, the procedure used to determine the influence of material symmetry on the equations is compared with a more accurate procedure.
Cooling Performance of a Partially-Confined FC-72 Spray: The Effect of Dissolved Air (Postprint) (2007)

This paper discusses the heat transfer performance of a partially-confined FC-72 spray with varying dissolved air concentrations. An experimental test rig was used to obtain critical heat flux (CHF) data. A nozzle allowed the fluid to be sprayed onto a thick-film resistor heater, which was mounted onto a glass post, with a sump system to allow removal of excess fluid. Type-E thermocouples were imbedded in the post to obtain temperature data. The parametric ranges for testing were: volume-percent concentration of dissolved air, 1 < C < 20%, chamber saturation pressure, 6.90E+4 < Psat < 8.27E+4 N/rn2, subcooling, 2 < DeltaTsc < 12 deg C, volumetric flow rate, 6.31E-6 < V < 10.5E-6 rn3/s. Test data were obtained for comparison of CHF with varying C while controlling the spray chamber pressure. An empirical mathematical relationship allowing for determination of surface heat flux with varying flow rate was also developed. The model was obtained using test data at flow rates of V = 6.31E-6, 8.41E-6, and 1O.5E-6 m3/s, and was validated using experimental data obtained for flow rates of V = 7.36E-6 and 9.46E-6 m3/s.
[Pain in ambulatory surgery. A prospective follow-up study]. (1990)

Although acute pain is most often the dominant symptom that causes a patient to visit the out-patient clinic there is a lack of data concerning duration, intensity and quality of pain. Therefore, the physician's treatment is most often insufficient and the patient has to fix the dose of drugs himself. To get reliable and objective data a prospective trial on 161 patients in our out-patient clinic was performed using clinical instruments for measurement. 84% of the patients reported significant pain in the out-patient clinic compared to 96% during the prehospital period. Pain intensity is highly depended on the type of injury (bone injuries hurt more than soft tissue injuries). To get more reliable data on the acute pain situation and to improve therapeutic interventions it is suggested to use the methods presented routinely.
An Attempt by Feeding to Induce in Animals Reactivity to Trichinella Spiralis in the Absence of Infection (1946)

Summary 1. The repeated feeding to guinea pigs and rabbits of killed larvae of Trichinella spiralis, presumably containing denatured (cooked) or undenatured (frozen) antigen, failed to induce reactivity in the animals as measured by skin tests or flocculation tests of the serum. 2. Rabbits are superior to guinea pigs for experiments requiring skin-testing or flocculation of serum after infection with trichinae. 3. The flocculation test gives promise of being a useful test in suspected cases of trichinosis; an objection is that it requires large amounts of dried antigen. 4. This experiment did not afford an explanation for the unusually high incidence of positive skin reactions among patients confined in institutions.
Covalent modification of lys19 in the ctp binding site of cytidine 5′‐monophosphate n‐acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (1999)

Periodate oxidized CTP (oCTP) was used to investigate the importance of lysine residues in the CTP binding site of the cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) synthetase (EC 2.7.7.43) from Haemophilus ducreyi. The reaction of oCTP with the enzyme follows pseudo-first-order saturation kinetics, giving a maximum rate of inactivation of 0.6 min(-1) and a K(I) of 6.0 mM at pH 7.1. Mass spectrometric analysis of the modified enzyme provided data that was consistent with beta-elimination of triphosphate after the reaction of oCTP with the enzyme. A fully reduced enzyme-oCTP conjugate, retaining the triphosphate moiety, was obtained by inclusion of NaBH3CN in the reaction solution. The beta-elimination product of oCTP reacted several times more rapidly with the enzyme compared to equivalent concentrations of oCTP. This compound also formed a stable reduced morpholino adduct with CMP-NeuAc synthetase when the reaction was conducted in the presence of NaBH3CN, and was found to be a useful lysine modifying reagent. The substrate CTP was capable of protecting the enzyme to a large degree from inactivation by oCTP and its beta-elimination product. Lys19, a residue conserved in CMP-NeuAc synthetases, was identified as being labeled with the beta-elimination product of oCTP.
A cluster-merge algorithm for solving the minimum power broadcast problem in large scale wireless networks (2004)

In this paper, we address the minimum power broadcast problem in wireless networks. Assuming nodes are equipped with omni-directional antennas, the inherently broadcast nature of wireless networks can be exploited to compute power efficient routing trees. We propose a 2-stage cluster-merge algorithm for computing minimum power broadcast trees. The cluster phase is a look-ahead variant of the broadcast incremental power algorithm [Wieselthier, J.E., et al., 2000] and the merge phase is a probabilistic positive reinforcement search procedure, as used in swarm intelligence algorithms. A local tree-improvement procedure is incorporated as an optional step in the merge phase to boost the performance of the algorithm. A key advantage of such a cluster based approach is significant reduction in time complexity. Simulations show that the algorithm is able to generate high quality solutions in relatively little computational time.
The Steady‐State Distribution of Glycosyltransferases Between the Golgi Apparatus and the Endoplasmic Reticulum is Approximately 90:10 (2005)

Several lines of evidence support a novel model for Golgi protein residency in which these proteins cycle between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, to preserve the functional distinction between the two organelles, this pool of ER-resident Golgi enzymes must be small. We quantified the distribution for two Golgi glycosyltransferases in HeLa cells to test this prediction. We reasoned that best-practice, quantitative solutions would come from treating images as data arrays rather than pictures. Using deconvolution and computer calculated organellar boundaries, the Golgi fraction for both endogenous beta1,4-galactosyltransferase and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was 91% by fluorescence microscopy. Immunogold labeling followed by electron microscopy and model analysis yielded a similar value. Values reflect steady-state conditions, as inclusion of a protein synthesis inhibitor had no effect. These data strongly suggest that the fluorescence of a GFP chimera with an organellar protein can be a valid indicator of protein distribution and more generally that fluorescent microscopy can provide a valid, rapid approach for protein quantification. In conclusion, we find the ER pool of cycling Golgi glycosyltransferases is small and approximately 1/100 the concentration found in the Golgi apparatus.
CRASH TESTING AND EVALUATION OF RETROFIT BRIDGE RAILINGS AND TRANSITION (1997)

An assortment of retrofit bridge railings and a retrofit transition were evaluated through full-scale crash testing. The assortment included: (1) a W-beam retrofit railing for a concrete baluster bridge railing (AASHTO performance level one); (2) a W-beam transition for the bridge railing above (NCHRP Report 350 test level two); (3) a double-tube pedestrian/bicycle railing mounted on the Illinois 2399-1 traffic railing (AASHTO performance level one); (4) a vandal protection fence on the New Jersey concrete safety shape bridge railing (AASHTO performance level two); and (5) a thrie beam retrofit railing, a Delaware design, mounted on a 203-mm-high safety curb (AASHTO performance level two and NCHRP Report 350 test level four). All of the designs demonstrated acceptable performance.
Refractive‐reflective optical system for realizing an ultra‐thin rear projector (2003)

Abstract— This paper presents a new optical system used in an ultra‐thin rear projector with a 1500‐mm diagonal size and 260‐mm depth. A refractive‐reflective optical system was developed to achieve a large projection angle of 136° with a small optical distortion of 0.1%. The optics consists of a convex aspherical mirror and a refractive lens. In addition, a new Fresnel screen composed of hybrid blades of refractive‐TIR (total internal reflection) elements was developed to attain good uniformity of brightness and color within the image area.
Cadastral registration of real estate objects in three dimensions (2003)

Cadastral registration of rights and limited rights is traditionally based on parcels that are represented in two dimensions. In intensively used areas, there is a growing interest in having separate ownership of space above and under the surface. It is difficult to reflect the spatial aspect of such rights in current cadastral registration systems. This article describes the development of a prototype registration system that accommodates spatial information in the vertical dimension. The three-dimensional cadastre conceptual development meets the needs of clearly defining ownership while taking advantage of new technical opportunities. The concept is illustrated through a prototype implementation and is an extension of the current cadastral registration system based on two-dimensional parcels. The approach shows substantial potential for improving understanding of complex cadastral situations. surface is the entrance for registration. The vertical dimension of the legal status, which may be important, is not reflected in the spatial information system and can therefore only be registered administratively. The registration of the legal status of parcels is the only registration of real estate objects in the Netherlands. Building registration does not exist, although research is currently being carried out to establish such a registration (Kap and Zevenbergen 2000). With a growing interest in using space under and above the surface, the vertical dimension becomes relevant in cadastral registration. Until now, three-dimensional situations can be registered within the current cadastral registration system in a juridical satisfying way. However, to guarantee an efficient, sustainable, and uniform registration in the future, the Kadaster decided to carry out a research project on the 3D aspects of cadastral registration. The project focuses on the extension of the current cadastral system to reflect the spatial component of rights in complex situations. The research project is carried out at the Research Institute for Housing, Urban, and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with the Netherlands’ Kadaster. During the research, a prototype of a land information system is being developed, which can take the relevant spatial information in the vertical dimension into account. This article starts with a description of the current practice of registration of 3D situations and the accompanying complications. We describe a 3D cadastre that addresses these complications, as well as a prototype implementation.
Improved Forensic DNA Analysis Through the use of Alternative DNA Polymerases and Statistical Modeling of DNA Profiles (2009)

DNA evidence, linking perpetrators to crime scenes, is central to many legal proceedings. However, DNA samples from crime scenes often contain PCR-inhibitory substances, which may generate blank or incomplete DNA profiles. Extensive DNA purification can be required to rid the sample of these inhibitors, although these procedures increase the risk of DNA loss. Most forensic laboratories use commercial DNA amplification kits (e.g., AmpFlSTR SGM Plus) with the DNA polymerase AmpliTaq Gold as the gold standard. Here, we show that alternative DNA polymerase-buffer systems can improve the quality of forensic DNA analysis and efficiently circumvent PCR inhibition in crime scene samples, without additional sample preparation. DNA profiles from 20 of 32 totally or partially inhibited crime scene saliva samples were significantly improved using Bio-X-Act Short, ExTaq Hot Start, or PicoMaxx High Fidelity instead of AmpliTaq Gold. A statistical model for unbiased quality control of forensic DNA profiles was developed to quantify the results. Our study demonstrates the importance of adjusting the chemistry of the PCR to enhance forensic DNA analysis and diagnostic PCR, providing an alternative to laborious sample preparation protocols.
The Hardness and Strength Properties of WC-Co Composites (2011)

The industrially-important WC-Co composite materials provide a useful, albeit complicated materials system for understanding the combined influences on hardness and strength properties of the constituent WC particle strengths, the particle sizes, their contiguities, and of Co binder hardness and mean free paths, and in total, the volume fraction of constituents. A connection is made here between the composite material properties, especially including the material fracture toughness, and the several materials-type considerations of: (1) related hardness stress-strain behaviors; (2) dislocation (viscoplastic) thermal activation characterizations; (3) Hall-Petch type reciprocal square root of particle or grain size dependencies; and (4) indentation and conventional fracture mechanics results. Related behaviors of MgO and Al₂O₃ crystal and polycrystal materials are also described for the purpose of making comparisons.
Fib sample preparation for EBSD: Is it worth the effort?. (2006)

Abstract not provided.
Synthese von Chlorosilicaten (2014)

Abstract Chlorosilicate stellen wichtige Intermediate bei S N 2‐Reaktionen von Chlorsilanen dar. Sie können durch die Einführung elektronenziehender Substituenten stabilisiert werden. Salze einer Reihe von (Pentafluorethyl)chlorosilicaten wurden isoliert und strukturell charakterisiert.
Projected 1992 Groundwater Levels on the Arkansas Grand Prairie (1984)

The Arkansas Grand Prairie has been a major rice producing area for most of this century. The irrigation water required for rice, and at the present time, for soybeans, is primarily obtained from a Quaternary aquifer. This extensive formation underlies much of eastern Arkansas as well as parts of other states. Groundwater enters the Grand Prairie region from extensions of the aquifer lying outside of the area. Prolonged pumping of water from the aquifer at a rate exceeding the recharge rate has significantly reduced Quaternary groundwater levels in the Grand Prairie.
Forcing mechanisms of thunderstorm downdrafts (1991)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1991.
In Vitro Chondrocyte Viability in Response to Exposure of Metallic Wear Debris Particulate (2013)

Introduction: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been used in the past decades to treat progressive cartilage degeneration in a single compartment. Concern has been raised over the rate of revision procedures for polyethylene wear and osteoarthritic progression into the adjacent compartment. Few studies have examined the pathology of cartilage degeneration in the setting of UKA. This study aims to investigate the viability of knee chondrocytes introduced to high and low concentrations of orthopaedic wear debris particulate. Methods: Normal human articular chondrocytes (nHAC-Kn) were expanded in DMEM/F12 containing 10% FBS, 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Pen/Strp), and 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid (Asc). 24 hours prior to the start of the experiment, cells were seeded on 96-well plates at a density of 3500 cells/cm 2 and exposed to DMEM/F12 containing 5% FBS, 1% Pen/Strp, and 50 μg/mL Asc. Particles (equivalent circle diameter range: 0.2–7 μm) at a low dose of 100: 1 (particles: cells) and high dose 1000: 1 (particles: cells) were introduced to treatment wells (n = 6). Control wells (n = 6) contained particles with no cells. Treatment groups included high and low doses of TiAl 6 V 4 alloy, 316L Stainless Steel, and Co-Cr-Mo alloy. At days 1, 3, 5, and 7, cells were assayed with a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dyphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for determination of cell viability. Light microscopy was performed at each timepoint to assess change in cell morphology. Results: All groups displayed a minor decrease in cell viability after 24 hours of exposure to particles. Similarly, a second distinct decrease in viability occurred at the day 3 timepoint. Days 5 and 7 yielded little change in cell viability. Results are displayed in Figure 1. Observations of light microscopy revealed cells may actively engulf particles over time. Images show particle concentrations at the same locations as chondrocytes with few particles present between cells. Conclusions: Wear debris has been implicated as a contributing source to osteolysis and component loosening. A potential effect on the cellular level can ultimate lead to effects on the entire tissue and complications on the clinical level. A decrease in chondrocyte viability has been shown in response to the presence of particulate wear debris. Our results showed decreases in cell viability were most noticeable between 24 and 72 hours after introduction to particles. Chondrocyte death may contribute to progression of cartilage degeneration into healthy compartments of the knee. Continued experiments are underway further characterizing chondrocyte response to wear debris particulate with respect to protein and gene expression in an extended 7 day in vitro culture.
Algebraic parameter estimation of a multi-sinusoidal waveform signal from noisy data (2013)

In this paper, we apply an algebraic method to estimate the amplitudes, phases and frequencies of a biased and noisy sum of complex exponential sinusoidal signals. Let us stress that the obtained estimates are integrals of the noisy measured signal: these integrals act as time varying filters. Compared to usual approaches, our algebraic method provides a more robust estimation of these parameters within a fraction of the signal's period. We provide some computer simulations to demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
Influence of the recoil effect in Ti<i>K</i>-shell ionization probabilities (1991)

Ti K-shell ionization probabilities have been measured for p, d, and ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ impact at energies of 0.5 MeV/u and at large scattering angles, where the influence of the target-nucleus recoil is most prominent. The data are compared with different semiclassical-approximation calculations including higher-order corrections. Good agreement is only obtained if two-center binding-energy corrections for the adiabatically relaxing state are taken into account.