gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of headlight luminance and width between headlights on night driving distance estimation (2001)

The research reported here is part of a series of experiments that attempted to establish drivers' distance estimation accuracy during nighttime driving. The host car's lights are not only the host driver's main source of illumination, but also a source of distance information that other drivers use to estimate the distance between themselves and the host car's lights. To carry out this research, a photocell system was used to identify the cars' actual position. Sixty-four subjects were required to estimate a range of possible car locations from 60 to 80 m. The effects of headlight luminance and width between headlights were manipulated; more specifically, two levels of headlight luminance were used - namely High: 12 volts 4.4 amps. 258 lm., and Low: 8 volts 4 amps. 120 lm. There were also two levels of width - 1 and 2 m - between headlights. The results showed that subjects are really accurate at estimating the distance of moving and approaching vehicles when subjects are located in a stationary position. Width between headlights seems to play the most important role when estimating distance, while headlight luminance does not seem to play such a major role.
Titanium‐Mediated Domino Radical Cyclization/β Elimination of Phosphine Oxides. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
250-GeV/<i>c</i><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>multiplicity distributions and the two-component model (1981)

The charged-particle multiplicity distribution from 250-GeV/c ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ interactions in the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber is presented. The corrections to the raw data are described. Fits to these data along with other high-energy bubble-chamber data show that cluster models with two components---a low-multiplicity, diffractive component and a high-multiplicity, nondiffractive component---describe the data fairly well. The charged multiplicity of each cluster is found to be \ensuremath{\sim}2, while the number of clusters for each component grows linearly with $\mathrm{ln}(s)$. The multiplicity moments are consistent with other experiments. We find $〈{n}_{c}〉=8.427\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.059$, ${f}_{2}^{\mathrm{cc}}=8.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11$, $\frac{〈{n}_{c}〉}{D}=2.038\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.023$. The total inelastic cross section is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{I}=21.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.50$ mb.
ChemInform Abstract: (η5‐C5H5)FE(CO)2(η1‐C5H5). A USEFUL SYNTHETIC EQUIVALENT OF METHYL 1,3‐CYCLOPENTADIENE‐5‐CARBOXYLATE IN CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS (1985)

Abstract Das Eisencarbonyl‐cyclopentadien (I) reagiert mit den Olefinen (II) unter Zusatz von Diethylaluminiumchlorid zu den Addukten (III), die mit Ammonium‐cer‐nitrat und Methanol zu den Carbonsäureestern (IV) oxidiert werden.
Mechanical and thermal design challenges in building a semi-cold near infrared spectrograph: the Robert Stobie -Near Infrared Spectrograph for SALT (2014)

The near infrared upgrade to the Robert Stobie Spectrograph (RSS/NIR) for the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) extends the capabilities of the visible arm RSS into the Near Infrared (NIR). In order to extend into the NIR range, the upgrade components of the instrument are required to be cooled. Thus the NIR arm is predominantly housed in the instrument pre-dewar which is cooled to -40°C, at ambient pressure. The multiple modes, prime focus location and partially cooled instrument introduce interesting engineering considerations. The NIR spectrograph has an ambient temperature collimator, a cooled (-40°C) dispersers and camera and a cryogenic detector. The cryogenic dewar and many of the mechanisms are required to operate within the cooled, atmospheric environment. Cooling the pre-dewar to - 40°C at prime focus of the telescope is also an engineering challenge. Mechanical and thermal aspects of the design are addressed in this paper with a particular emphasis on the unique considerations of building a semi-warm infrared spectrograph.
Regulation of activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is integral to a larger hypothalamic system that determines caloric flow. (1994)

We have previously reported that there are diurnal rhythms in the magnitude of ACTH responses to stressors and in the sensitivity of stress-induced ACTH responses to facilitation induced by prior stress and to corticosterone (B) feedback induced by exogenous B. In all cases ACTH was more responsive in the morning than in the evening in nocturnally feeding rats. We have also shown in adrenalectomized rats that an overnight fast reduces ACTH responses to restraint in the morning compared with rats fed ad libitum, and we have shown that calorie-containing gavage during the fast increases the amplitude of ACTH responses to restraint in fasted rats. Therefore, this diurnal rhythm is not associated with B feedback and is associated with calories. In these studies we asked whether young, male intact rats that were deprived of food overnight had: 1) hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses during the fasting period; 2) altered basal activity in the HPA axis; 3) altered responsivity of ACTH to restraint; and 4) altered sensitivity of restraint-induced ACTH responses to facilitation or B feedback. Our results show that food deprivation: 1) induces marked ACTH and B responses during the fast that mirrors the pattern of food intake in fed rats, with an approximately 3-h lag; 2) results in essentially no change in basal ACTH in the morning; 3) reduces ACTH responsivity to stress in the morning; and 4) reduces ACTH responsivity to prior stress-induced facilitation and exogenous B-induced feedback. We conclude that: 1) the HPA axis serves as a default pathway to feeding when food is not available; 2) the diurnal rhythms in restraint-induced ACTH secretion are determined by food intake; and 3) the HPA axis is integral to a larger hypothalamic system that mediates energy flow.
Neuropeptide Y—Mediated Constriction and Dilation in Rat Middle Cerebral Arteries (2001)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important vasoconstrictor in the cerebral circulation. Its constrictor response is because of activation of NPY receptors on the vascular smooth muscle (VSM). Little is known regarding the effects of NPY on the endothelium. In the current study, the authors tested the hypothesis that NPY can either constrict or dilate rat middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Constriction is elicited by stimulating receptors on the VSM; dilation is elicited by stimulating receptors on the endothelium. Middle cerebral arteries were isolated, cannulated with micropipettes, pressurized to 85 mm Hg, and luminally perfused. The extraluminal application of NPY (mixed agonist), [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY (Y1 agonist), or NPY-[13-36] (Y2 agonist) produced concentration-dependent constrictions. BIBP 3226 (Y1 selective antagonist) significantly attenuated the NPY- and [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY-induced constrictions. The luminal application of NPY, [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY, and NPY-[13-36] produced concentration-dependent dilations of MCAs. The maximum dilation produced by the NPY receptor agonists was approximately 40% of the dilation elicited by the luminal administration of 10(-5) mol/L ATP. Dilations elicited by luminal NPY, [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY, or NPY-[13-36] were abolished by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with 10(-5) mol/L Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or removal of the endothelium. Dilations produced by luminal NPY or luminal [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY were not affected by BIBP 3226. Stimulation of NPY receptors on vascular smooth muscle constricted MCAs. Stimulation of an NPY receptor other than the Y1 subtype on endothelium dilated the MCAs by releasing nitric oxide.
Syntheses, Structures, Some Reactions, and Electrochemical Oxidation of Ferrocenylethynyl Complexes of Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium (2005)

The syntheses and characterizations of several complexes containing ferrocenylethynyl and ferrocene-1,1‘-bis(ethynyl) groups attached to M(PP)Cp‘ [M = Fe, Ru, PP = dppe, Cp‘ = Cp*; M = Ru, Os, PP = (PPh3)2, dppe, Cp‘ = Cp] are described. Reactions with tetracyanoethene have given either tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienyl or η3-allylic derivatives, while addition of Me+ afforded the corresponding vinylidene derivatives. Some electrochemical measurements are discussed in terms of electronic communication between the redox-active M(PP)Cp‘ groups through the ferrocene nucleus. The molecular structures of 14 of these complexes have been determined by crystallographic methods.
[Thrombolytic therapy in fresh myocardial infarct]. (1987)

In this overview the characteristics have been defined of those patients with acute myocardial infarction to whom early thrombolytic therapy would offer a major benefit. However, this concerns only the 20% of all patients who are admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction within the specified time limit. It is still unclear whether later thrombolytic therapy with the newer agents might offer benefit to other patients with acute myocardial infarction. Presently, it seems unlikely that patients admitted to the hospital more than six hours after onset of symptoms will benefit from any reperfusion strategy. Patients admitted up to 24 hours after onset of symptoms with symptomatic and extensive ischemia (usually located anteriorly) or with signs of cardiogenic shock constitute a group of high risk patients who might derive further benefit from late reperfusion (42). It is likely that in the near future the new generation of thrombolytic agents (rt-PA, rscu-PA and APSAC) will become first choice for the intravenous initiation of thrombolytic therapy. Then, the indications for either acute or delayed angiography might be different from the present ones. Further cost/benefit analysis will certainly be required to assess the additional value of intracoronary thrombolysis and coronary angioplasty after intravenous administration of rt-PA, rscu-PA or APSAC. The required capacity of catheterization laboratories and facilities for coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery will depend on the results of those analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association of persistence of isolated tumor cells (ITC) in bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer patients with risk for relapse (2004)

579 Background: The prognostic significance of ITC in the BM of breast cancer patients at the time of primary diagnosis has recently been confirmed by a large pooled analysis (Braun S, SABCS 2003). If the persistence of ITC after adjuvant therapy confers a similar risk for relapse, there would be an indication to consider secondary adjuvant therapy. Methods: We analyzed BM aspirates of 228 patients during recurrence-free follow-up at a median interval of 21.3 months (standard deviation [std] 29.1 mon) after primary diagnosis of breast cancer pT1–2 pN0–3 pM0. Carcinoma cells were detected using a standardized immunoassay with monoclonal antibody A45-B/B3, directed against cytokeratin (CK). Patients were followed for a median of 49.8 months (std 32.1 mon) after primary diagnosis. Results: Persistent ITC in the BM were detected in 12.7% of the patients (n=29). Positive BM status was more frequent (15.7%) within the first 21 months after primary diagnosis, than after a follow-up longer than 21 mon (9.7%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate for mean relapse-free survival was 149.7 mon (139.6 –159.8 95%CI) in patients with negative and 86.5 mon (65.7 –107.4 95% CI, p= .0003, log rank test) in patients with positive BM status Patients without evidence of persistent ITC had a significantly longer overall survival (162.1 mon, [152.1 –172.0]), than patients with positive BM status (98.7 mon, [79.7 –117.9], p= .0008). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, allowing for bone marrow status, tumor size, nodal status, and histopathological grading, evidence for ITC was an independent significant predictor for reduced survival (RR 5.57, p= .002). Persistent ITC had the greatest prognostic relevance when detected between 25 and 42 months after primary diagnosis (RR 7.68). Conclusion: Evidence of persistent ITC in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients indicates an increased risk for subsequent relapse, and may serve as follow-up tool in future. Prospective trials should investigate the benefit of secondary adjuvant treatment on the basis of the bone marrow status. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Modern Electrophysiological Methods for Brain-Computer Interfaces (2007)

Modern electrophysiological studies in animals show that the spectrum of neural oscillations encoding relevant information is broader than previously thought and that many diverse areas are engaged for very simple tasks. However, EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) still employ as control modality relatively slow brain rhythms or features derived from preselected frequencies and scalp locations. Here, we describe the strategy and the algorithms we have developed for the analysis of electrophysiological data and demonstrate their capacity to lead to faster accurate decisions based on linear classifiers. To illustrate this strategy, we analyzed two typical BCI tasks. (1) Mu-rhythm control of a cursor movement by a paraplegic patient. For this data, we show that although the patient received extensive training in mu-rhythm control, valuable information about movement imagination is present on the untrained high-frequency rhythms. This is the first demonstration of the importance of high-frequency rhythms in imagined limb movements. (2) Self-paced finger tapping task in three healthy subjects including the data set used in the BCI-2003 competition. We show that by selecting electrodes and frequency ranges based on their discriminative power, the classification rates can be systematically improved with respect to results published thus far.
Spectrum and Burden of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness Among Contemporary Hemodialysis Patients (2016)

When using a contemporary definition at one point in time, ESA hyporesponsiveness was potently and persistently associated with greater mortality, greater iron and ESA use, and lower hemoglobin levels compared to non-ESA hyporesponsiveness.
The Synthesis of a Transmission With Intersecting Axes for Rectifying and Reducing a Periodic Speed: A Preliminary Study (1996)

Abstract In power-transmission tasks, the mechanical designer faces sometimes the problem of transmitting a constant angular velocity from a shaft at the output of a motor to another shaft connected to the load. When the first shaft is connected to the rotor of the motor via a gear box directly, and the motor is supplied with an effective speed control system, then the problem of power transmission can be readily solved using a spur-gear train if the shafts are parallel; a bevel-gear train if the two shafts intersect; and a gear train with skew axes if the shafts are neither parallel nor intersecting. However, instances occur in practice whereby the rotor of the motor is connected to a speed reducer that does not preserve the constancy of the motor speed, e.g., when a sprocket-chain transmission is used. In these cases, the input speed is not constant, but periodic. This paper focuses on the design of a transmission mechanism that serves to rectify the periodic speed of an input shaft to deliver a constant speed to the load. Moreover, in doing this, we show that it is possible to reduce the speed delivered by the motor as well. The problem of power transmission between parallel axes was reported in an earlier paper. Here, we report work on the corresponding problem when the shafts intersect. In the two cases, a transmission based on cams is synthesised, this paper reporting on a design based on spherical cams.
Ionic contribution to the electric current in an electrolytic cell submitted to an external voltage (2006)

The ionic contribution to the electrical current in an electrolytic cell submitted to an external voltage linearly increasing with the time is evaluated. The investigation is performed in the limit of small and large electric field, in which the density of ions depends on the actual electric field in the sample. In the analysis, it is assumed that the ionic separation induced by an external field can be described by a surface density of charge. We show that the ions are responsible for a peak in the current, followed by a delay in the application of the external voltage. From the analysis of the peak and its delay, it is possible to obtain information on the density of ions in thermodynamical equilibrium, and on the mobility of the ions in the considered liquid.
Transputer arrays for the on‐line computation of robot jacobians (1992)

Abstract On‐line computation of forward and inverse Jacobian matrices is essential in robot manipulator controllers, where high‐speed robot motion is required. The complexity of Jacobian calculation is such that the computational burden is large, and parallel processing is necessary if on‐line computation is to be achieved. Various algorithms and parallel‐processing networks suitable for this are considered. All algorithms have been implemented on transputer networks and computation times measured. The paper emphasises the importance of including communication overheads in comparisons of the computational efficiency of alternative algorithms and processor networks. Theoretical processing times based on computer cycle times and arithmetic operation counts are shown to be a false basis for comparison. Whilst considering the specific case of computation of Jacobian matrices for a robot manipulator, the paper provides a useful example of the considerations and constraints involved in distributing any algorithm across a multi‐processor network.
Response of cyclic and post-partum suckled cows to injections of synthetic LH-RH (1977)

Doses of 125, 250 or 500 micrograms LH-RH were injected i.m. into suckled beef cows on approximately Day 11 of an oestrous cycle synchronized by prostaglandin treatment. There was a positive linear relationship between dose of LH-RH and the area under the measured LH peak. Administration of 500 micrograms LH-RH as a single injection to suckled cows 13-32 days post partum resulted in LH release but failed to induce normal ovarian activity. A small transient rise in plasma progesterone for 6--9 days occurred at the expected time after injection in 50% of animals. Administration of 500 micrograms LH-RH to suckled beef cows approximately 20--30 days post partum and a second injection approximately 10 days later at the time when the resulting transient rise in plasma progesterone had returned to basal values induced normal cyclic activity (as shown by progesterone concentrations and observed oestrus) at 35 days compared with 70 days for untreated controls. Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH, as assessed by LH levels, was found to increase up to 20 days post partum.
Feasibility of Simultaneous Computed Tomographic Colonography and Fully Automated Bone Mineral Densitometry in a Single Examination (2011)

Osteoporosis screening can be performed simultaneously with screening for colorectal polyps.
Developments in techniques for simulating faults in e.h.v. transmission systems (1978)

In the study of the faulted response of power systems, synchronous sources are often represented by subtransient impedances. Alternatively, more elegant synchronous-source models are often combined with simplified models of transmission-line interconnections. In the paper, methods are developed which enable more accurate models of synchronous sources to be combined with generator/transformer and distributed-parameter frequency-variant transmission-line interconnections. The methods are developed by reference to a single generator connected to an assumed-infinite busbar via a delta-star transformer and a transmission line, the techniques relating to digitally simulating the synchronous source having been established in an earlier paper. The paper concludes with a presentation of some computational results relating to faults at the remote end of a 400 kV interconnection of length 160 km.
Correction-Amodic Stripping Peak Currents: Electrolysis Potential Relationships for Reversible Systems (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection-Amodic Stripping Peak Currents: Electrolysis Potential Relationships for Reversible SystemsA. Zirino and S P. KounavesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 4, 592Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online21 June 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50040a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50040a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Dynamics and Its Impact on Antiviral Development (2004)

Viral dynamics is the study of the population dynamics of viral infection within the body of an infected individual. It describes how viruses spread from cell to cell, with the aim of revealing the basic laws that govern the spread of the virus within the host, their interaction with the immune system, and their response to therapy. For viruses that produce a viremia, changes in the size of the virus population can be measured and followed from blood samples obtained by phlebotomy at various time intervals using very sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays to quantify viral nucleic acids accurately over a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude.