gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mononitration of o-Xylene (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMononitration of o-XyleneKenneth A. Kobe and Philip W. PritchettCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 6, 1398–1401Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50510a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50510a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Is there a role for autoimmunity in immune protection against malaria? (2000)

Much remains to be known about the mechanisms involved in protective immunity against malaria and the way it is acquired. This is probably the reason why, in spite of so much progress, it has not yet been possible to develop an anti-malaria vaccine able to induce parasite specific antibodies (Ab) and/or T-cells. It has been considered in the early 80s that the induction of efficient protection against the blood stage forms of Plasmodium falciparum would not be possible without simultaneously eliciting an autoimmune (AI) response against erythrocytes, even at the price of inducing an AI pathology. Despite the description of the reciprocal relationship, i.e. the protective effect of malaria on the development of AI diseases _ demonstrated since 1970 _ no effort has been made to verify the possible involvement of the AI response in protection against malaria.
Person identification from gait analysis with a depth camera at home (2015)

The aim of our project is to develop a markerless system to detect falls and evaluate the frailty of elderly people at home. In previous work, we developed an algorithm detecting falls and daily life activities based on depth images provided by Microsoft's Kinect sensor. We also developed another algorithm based on the same features for gait analysis. However, an ambient system installed at home for frailty evaluation should be able to identify the individuals that one wishes to monitor. This paper proposes a method to identify individuals based on the depth images of gait sequences. The gait sequences are detected using previously presented results on activity recognition based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The visibility of the person in the sequence is assessed from the likelihood of the sequence. We propose to perform the identification of the person from her height and gait in sequences in which she walks being fully visible. The gait pattern of the person is modeled using a HMM built from features of the trajectory of the centre of mass. A specific HMM is built for each person to be identified. This approach also allows us to identify unknown individuals who do not correspond to any of the built HMMs. We test the algorithm with 10 known and 2 unknown individuals. The results show that the presented method differentiates accurately enough the unknown and known individuals, and in the last case identifies correctly the individuals. In other words, our algorithm is able to identify the person of interest among other known (family, caregivers) or unknown persons (occasional individuals).
Automatic Generation of Prediction Questions during Program Visualization (2007)

Based on previous research, it seems that the activities performed by and the engagement of the students matter more than the content of the visualization. One way to engage students to interact with a visualization is to present them with prediction questions. This has been shown to be beneficial for learning. Based on the engagement taxonomy and benefits of the question answering during the algorithm visualization, we propose to implement an automatic question generation into a program visualization tool, Jeliot 3. In this paper, we explain how the automatic question generation can be incorporated into the current design of Jeliot 3. In addition, we provide various example questions that could be automatically generated based on the data obtained during the visualization process.
The Double-Edged Sword of Autoimmunity: Lessons from Multiple Sclerosis (2010)

The relationship between immune responses to self-antigens and autoimmune disease is unclear. In contrast to its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is driven by T cell responses to myelin antigens, the target antigen of the intrathecal immune response in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been identified. Although the immune response in MS contributes significantly to tissue destruction, the action of immunocompetent cells within the central nervous system (CNS) may also hold therapeutic potential. Thus, treatment of MS patients with glatiramer acetate triggers a protective immune response. Here we review the immunopathogenesis of MS and some recent findings on the mechanism of glatiramer acetate (GA).
The use of principal components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies (1980)

The reduction of the enormous quantity of data in a radionuclide dynamic study to a few diagnostic parameters presents a problem. Conventional methods of data reduction using regions-of-interest or functional images have several defects which potentially limit their usefulness. Using a principal components analysis of the elemental curves representing the change of activity with time in each pixel, followed by a further factor analysis, it is possible to extract the fundamental functional changes of activity which underly the observed variation of activity. An example of this analysis on a dynamic brain scan suggests that the three fundamental phases of activity represent activity in the arterial system, the venous system and diffusion of tracer into the tissues.
Modeling and analysis of six-phase synchronous motor under fault condition (2017)

Multi-phase machines (more than three-phase) are rigorously being investigated for various high power applications due to their increased power to weight ratio, increased frequency and reduced magnitude of torque pulsation, and fault tolerant characteristics. Fault analysis of a system is extremely important, not only to understand its operating characteristic, but it is also required prior to the design of suitable control/protective scheme. Therefore, the aim of this paper is not to devise a new mathematical model and control algorithm, but to investigate the behavior of six-phase synchronous motor (SPSM) under fault conditions caused by open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) at its input terminals as that has not been reported so far. Some key analytical results have been experimentally verified.
Resonance absorption in CO2 laser-plane targets interaction experiments (1980)

We have studied the polarization and angular dependence of the absorption of a CO2 laser (12 J-1 ns) by polyester plane targets at fluxes of 5 x 1011 to 5 × 1012 W/cm2. The fraction of absorption are obtained from the measurement of the entire reflexion at 10.6 μm in an Ulbricht sphere. The results clearly show the presence of resonance absorption by a maximum of the absorption of p polarized light for angle of incidence of 20-27°, as predicted by classical theory ; however this mechanism is not sufficient to explain the values of absorption observed at normal incidence and predict a more important angular dependence of the absorption compared to the observation. A simple model including density modulations at the critical surface and magnetic field gives a good interpretation of the observed phenomena.
Constitutional isomers of a C<sub>3</sub>-symmetric molecule showing different piezochromic behaviours: on–off switching and colour tuning (2014)

Two constitutional isomers of a <italic>C</italic><sub>3</sub>-symmetric molecule having cyano-vinylene bridges and a phenyl ring core show different piezochromic behaviours, on–off switching and colour tuning upon grinding.
Relics rock: constructing Stonehenge (2007)

The author suggests that more attention should be given to stones in the teaching of secondary history in order to challenge and develop pupil ideas about historical interpretation. He believes that archeological interpretation is a way for pupils to understand how and why interpretations change. He cites the study of Stonehenge as a particularly promising strategy, precisely because it is subject to so many competing interpretations.
Intercellular junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma. (1983)

The freeze-fracture technique has been used to study the organization of intercellular junctions in two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. A tumor free cirrhotic liver has been included for comparison. Tight junctions were disorganized in the tumor cells of hepatocellular carcinoma. The tight junction networks often were not orientated parallel to the canalicular lumen. In some areas tight junctions comprised 2 to 4 strands, while in other areas they were reduced to a single strand. Discontinuities and local proliferation of tight junctions were also seen. Some tight junctions were composed of intramembrane particles aligned to form a discontinuous network. Gap junctions between the tumor cells were small and infrequent. Gap junctions were found only on the lateral plasma membranes and were not seen within the tight junction networks. These findings have been interpreted to indicate changes in intercellular communication, and an alteration in the ability of hepatocytes to differentiate tight junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Pericardial and bilateral pleural effusion associated with clozapine treatment (2004)

Sir, We are aware of seven published reports that described pleural or pericardial effusion associated with clozapine [1-3,5-8]. We report a case of a patient who at first presented with flu-like symptoms, but developed bilateral pleural and pericardial effusion 6 weeks after initiating clozapine therapy.
Thresholds in the sliding resistance of simulated basal ice (2007)

Abstract. We report laboratory determinations of the shear resistance to sliding melting ice with entrained particles over a hard, impermeable surface. With higher particle concentrations and larger particle sizes, Coulomb friction at particle-bed contacts dominates and the shear stress increases linearly with normal load. We term this the sandy regime. When either particle concentration or particle size is reduced below a threshold, the dependence of shear resistance on normal load is no longer statistically significant. We term this regime slippery. We use force and mass balance considerations to examine the flow of melt water beneath the simulated basal ice. At high particle concentrations, the transition from sandy to slippery behavior occurs when the particle size is comparable to the thickness of the melt film that separates the sliding ice from its bed. For larger particle sizes, a transition from sandy to slippery behavior occurs when the particle concentration drops sufficiently that the normal load is no longer transferred completely to the particle-bed contacts. We estimate that the melt films separating the particles from the ice are approximately 0.1 µm thick at this transition. Our laboratory results suggest the potential for abrupt transitions in the shear resistance beneath hard-bedded glaciers with changes in either the thickness of melt layers or the particle loading.
Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Hydrogels Containing Metal Ions and Metals/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (2017)

Recently, the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has caused a serious health problem. Scientists respond to the threat by developing new antimicrobial materials to prevent or control infections caused by these pathogens. Polymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels are versatile materials as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. Cross-linking of polymeric materials by metal ions or the combination of polymeric hydrogels with nanoparticles (metals and metal oxide) is a simple and effective approach for obtaining a multicomponent system with diverse functionalities. Several metals and metal oxides such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO) have been loaded into hydrogels for antimicrobial applications. The incorporation of metals and metal oxide nanoparticles into hydrogels not only enhances the antimicrobial activity of hydrogels, but also improve their mechanical characteristics. Herein, we summarize recent advances in hydrogels containing metal ions, metals and metal oxide nanoparticles with potential antimicrobial properties.
Cancer and Mediterranean dietary traditions. (2000)

The incidence of cancer overall in Mediterranean countries is lower than in Scandinavian countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This is mostly accounted for by the lower incidence among Mediterranean countries of cancer of the large bowel, breast, endometrium, and prostate. These forms of cancer have been linked to dietary factors, particularly low consumption of vegetables and fruit, and to a certain extent, high consumption of meat. The traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of foods of plant origin, relatively low consumption of red meat, and high consumption of olive oil, which in several studies has been reported to be more beneficial against cancer than other forms of added lipids. By taking into account the established or presumed nutritional causation of major forms of cancer and the composition of the traditional Mediterranean diet, estimates can be derived concerning the fraction of cancer occurrence in highly developed Western countries that could be attributed to their diets in comparison with the healthy traditional Mediterranean diet. Although estimates can only be crude, it can be calculated that up to 25% of the incidence of colorectal cancer, approximately 15% of the incidence of breast cancer, and approximately 10% of the incidence of prostate, pancreas, and endometrial cancer could be prevented if the populations of highly developed Western countries could shift to the traditional healthy Mediterranean diet.
Two Homologous Zinc Finger Genes Identified by Multicopy Suppression in a SNF1 Protein Kinase Mutant of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1993)

The MSN2 gene was selected as a multicopy suppressor in a temperature-sensitive SNF1 protein kinase mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MSN2 encodes a Cys2His2 zinc finger protein related to the yeast MIG1 repressor and to mammalian early growth response and Wilms' tumor zinc finger proteins. Deletion of MSN2 caused no phenotype. A second similar zinc finger gene, MSN4, was isolated, and deletion of both genes caused phenotypic defects related to carbon utilization. Overexpression of the zinc finger regions was deleterious to growth. LexA-MSN2 and LexA-MSN4 fusion proteins functioned as strong transcriptional activators when bound to DNA. Functional roles of this zinc finger protein family are discussed.
A Programmable Aerial Multispectral Camera System for In-Season Crop Biomass and Nitrogen Content Estimation (2016)

The study introduces a prototype multispectral camera system for aerial estimation of above-ground biomass and nitrogen (N) content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The system is fully programmable and designed as a lightweight payload for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is based on an industrial multi-sensor camera and a customizable image processing routine. The system was tested in a split fertilized N field trial at different growth stages in between the end of stem elongation and the end of anthesis. The acquired multispectral images were processed to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red-edge inflection point (REIP) orthoimages for an analysis with simple linear regression models. The best results for the estimation of above-ground biomass were achieved with the NDVI (R 2 = 0.72–0.85, RMSE = 12.3%–17.6%), whereas N content was estimated best with the REIP (R 2 = 0.58–0.89, RMSE = 7.6%–11.7%). Moreover, NDVI and REIP predicted grain yield at a high level of accuracy (R 2 = 0.89–0.94, RMSE = 9.0%–12.1%). Grain protein content could be predicted best with the REIP (R 2 = 0.76–0.86, RMSE = 3.6%–4.7%), with the limitation of prediction inaccuracies for N-deficient canopies.
PyHIST: A Histological Image Segmentation Tool (2020)

Abstract The development of increasingly sophisticated methods to acquire high resolution images has led to the generation of large collections of biomedical imaging data, including images of tissues and organs. Many of the current machine learning methods that aim to extract biological knowledge from histopathological images require several data preprocessing stages, creating an overhead before the proper analysis. Here we present PyHIST ( https://github.com/manuel-munoz-aguirre/PyHIST ), an easy-to-use, open source whole slide histological image tissue segmentation and preprocessing tool aimed at data preparation for machine learning applications.
Permeability Identification from Pressure Observations: Some Foundations for Multiscale Regularization (2006)

The interrelation (denoted SNS) between sensitivity, nonlinearity and scale, associated with the inverse problem of permeability (fluid conductivity) identification from fluid pressure observations in porous-media flow, is considered. The family of models considered includes both single-phase and two-phase flows, with applications to groundwater flow/primary recovery in petroleum reservoirs and to water flooding of petroleum reservoirs, respectively. SNS is important for regularization of both of these ill-posed inverse problems, but so far, SNS has been shown to exist only for single-phase flow. Several multiscale/multiresolution estimation techniques, explicitly or implicitly based on SNS, have, however, been developed and applied to practical permeability estimation both for single- and two-phase flows. In this paper, SNS is shown to exist for one-dimensional, two-phase flow. Moreover, very similar approaches are applied to show the existence of SNS both for single- and two-phase flows. To convey some insight into the role of SNS for two-dimensional, two-phase flow, a discussion of a more speculative nature concerning this issue is also included.
Optimization of high-speed CMOS logic circuits with analytical models for signal delay, chip area, and dynamic power dissipation (1990)

Signal delay, chip area, and power dissipation are conflicting criteria for designing high-performance VLSI MOS circuits. Global optimization of transistor sizes in digital CMOS logic circuits with the design tool multiobjective gate-level optimization (MOGLO) is described. Analytical models for the design objectives are presented, and algorithms are discussed. Different techniques were combined to solve the circuit optimization problem with low computational costs. Precise gate-level delay models guarantee meaningful results, especially for high-speed logic circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bowman-Birk Inhibitor Suppresses Production of Superoxide Anion Radicals in Differentiated HL-60 Cells (1999)

The Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) is a soybean-derived protease inhibitor with anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. BBI has previously been shown to suppress the release of superoxide anion radicals from purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the present study we evaluated the effect of BBI on the production of superoxide anion radicals in differentiated HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells are human lymphocytic cells that acquire neutrophil-like characteristics when treated with dimethyl sulfoxide or tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. Superoxide anion radical production by differentiated HL-60 cells was measured in the presence of various concentrations of BBI or BBI concentrate, a soybean extract containing high levels of BBI. BBI was observed to suppress superoxide anion radical production by differentiated HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts of differentiated HL-60 cells were also observed to produce superoxide anion radicals, but this activity was not affected by the presence of BBI. These results suggest that BBI inhibits superoxide anion radical generation in HL-60 cells but does not act as a simple free radical scavenger.
Epilepsy Emergencies: Status Epilepticus, Acute Repetitive Seizures, and Autoimmune Encephalitis (2019)

Status epilepticus, acute repetitive seizures, and autoimmune encephalitis are neurologic emergencies. For all these conditions, rapid and appropriate treatment may influence patient prognosis and mitigate neuronal injury. For convulsive status epilepticus, there is reasonable consensus on the initial steps that need to be taken. There is less agreement about the management of acute repetitive seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. An increasingly recognized etiology of status epilepticus is autoimmune encephalitis, which may not be as rare as previously thought.
Microsurgical anatomy of the proximal segments of the middle cerebral artery (1984)

The microvascular anatomy of the proximal segments (M1 and M2) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was studied in 70 unfixed brain hemispheres from 35 cadavers. The arteries were injected with a tinted polyester resin and dissected under magnification by microsurgical techniques. The authors studied the outer diameter (OD), length, site of origin, and pattern of branching of the main trunk, secondary trunks, and the initial insular portion of the cortical branches of the MCA. The degree of mobilization of the arteries lying over the insular cortex was also assessed. The main trunk of the MCA, which had an OD of 3 +/- 0.1 mm bilaterally and a length of 15 +/- 1.1 mm in the right hemisphere and 15.7 +/- 1.3 mm in the left hemisphere, could be divided into four groups: Group I: absence of a main division (that is, a single-trunk type of MCA) (in 6% of cases); Group II: bifurcation (64%); Group III: trifurcation (29%); and Group IV: quadrifurcation (1%). The secondary trunks resulting from the division of the main trunk of the MCA had a mean OD ranging from 1.4 to 2.3 mm and a mean length that varied from 12.1 to 14.9 mm. The mean OD of the cortical branches measured near their origin in the main and secondary trunks indicated that the angular artery was the largest vessel, with a mean OD of 1.5 mm on both sides of the brain. The temporopolar artery was the smallest, with a mean OD of 0.8 mm in the right hemisphere and 0.9 mm in the left hemisphere. The authors also describe the patterns of origin of the cortical vessels from the main trunk (early branches) and from the secondary trunks, as well as their branching pattern at the site of origin (single vessels and common stems). These anatomical data indicate that it is possible to perform microvascular reconstructive procedures, such as anastomosis, grafting, and reimplantation of branches in the insular area. The advantages of using unfixed specimens, intravascular injections, and magnification to reproduce in vivo conditions as closely as possible are also discussed.