gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain and Fatigue Syndromes: Overlapping Clinical and Neuroendocrine Features and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms (1997)

Patients with unexplained chronic pain and/or fatigue have been described for centuries in the medical literature, although the terms used to describe these symptom complexes have changed frequently. The currently preferred terms for these syndromes are fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, names which describe the prominent clinical features of the illness without any attempt to identify the cause. This review delineates the definitions of these syndromes, and the overlapping clinical features. A hypothesis is presented to demonstrate how genetic and environmental factors may interact to cause the development of these syndromes, which we postulate are caused by central nervous system dysfunction. Various components of the central nervous system appear to be involved, including the hypothalamic pituitary axes, pain-processing pathways, and autonomic nervous system. These central nervous system changes lead to corresponding changes in immune function, which we postulate are epiphenomena rather than the cause of the illnesses.
Optimization of operating conditions of a mini fuel cell for the detection of low or high levels of CO in the reformate gas (2010)

A prototype of a miniaturized fuel cell has been studied in order to detect carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich atmosphere for PEM-FC (Protonic Exchange Membrane fuel - cell) applications. It consists in a home-made Membrane–Electrode — Assembly (MEA) developed by the CEA. Experiments have been carried out on a laboratory testing bench with simulated reformed gases. For low CO concentrations (≤20 ppm), an amperometric mode is suitable but regeneration in air is necessary to obtain a good reversibility of the sensor response. On the contrary, for higher CO concentrations (250 to 4000 ppm), a good reversible response is observed without air regeneration by using a potentiometric or quasi-potentiometric mode. Therefore, this prototype of mini CO sensor seems to be convenient for monitoring reformed gases and ensures the correct operation of a PEM-FC.
QUASI-CRYSTAL AND CRYSTAL IN AlMn AND AlMnSi. MODEL STRUCTURE OF THE ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE (1986)

There is a close similarity between the cubic α-phase in AlMnSi and the icosahedral phase i-AlMnSi or AlMn. A transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) study of a melt-spun ribbon where the two phases coexist, establishes clearly their relationships. It is shown that both structures can be described with common basic unit -a double Al-Mn icosahedra- connected in paralle1 orientation along their 3-fold axes by octahedral Mn bonds. A deterministic connection of the icosahedra in the i-phase appears to be consistent with a 3 dim-Penrose tiling. A large size i-skeleton is then computer generated, where the decoration by icosahedra of the tiling , prescribed by steric constraints, is solved by a graph theory algorithm. Projections of the model on planes perpendicular to symmetry axes and calculated diffraction patterns, once compared high resolution T.E.M. and diffraction data, indicate that it contains the main point of the i-phase structure in these alloys.
Abstract 8302: Lidocaine Abolishes the Sympathetic and Blood Pressure Responses in Limb Venous Distension Reflex (2011)

Introduction- We have recently shown that saline infusion into the veins of an arterially occluded human forearm evokes a systemic response with an increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure (BP). Hypothesis- Limb veins distension per se activates afferent nerves within (or close to) the vessel wall, and evokes a systemic sympathoexcitatory reflex. Methods- Thus, we examined MSNA and BP responses as albumin was infused into the venous circulation of an arterially occluded forearm. These MSNA and BP responses were compared with those seen with a saline infusion. Albumin preferentially remains within the vascular space whereas saline distributes within the entire limb extracellular space. BP (Finometer), heart rate, and MSNA (microneurography) were assessed in 14 young healthy subjects on 3 separate visits. In the saline trial, 5% forearm volume saline was infused into an arterially occluded arm. In the albumin trial (n=11), the same volume of albumin solution (5% concentration) was infused. In separate studies, 90 mg of lidocaine was added to the saline infusion (n=6). Results- MSNA and mean BP rose towards to the end of infusion in both saline and albumin trials. A larger (i.e. the peak response at the end of infusion: delta 14.3±2.7 vs. delta 8.5±1.3 bursts/min, P <0.01) and a sustained (i.e. the 30-60 sec of post infusion: delta 15.0±3.0 vs. delta 5.9±2.4 bursts/min, P <0.05) MSNA response was noted with albumin infusion as compared to saline infusion. The BP response with albumin infusion was also greater and sustained than saline infusion (all P <0.05). The 90 mg of lidocaine added to the saline infusion abolished >90% of the MSNA and BP responses. Discussion and Conclusion- These data suggest that vein distension is crucial to evoking the response seen. The lidocaine trial confirms that this venous distension evokes an autonomic reflex. We suggest that venous distension importantly contributes to autonomic and cardiovascular control in humans.
The effect of elevated inlet air temperature and relative humidity on cogeneration system (2009)

The effect of elevated inlet air temperature and relative humidity on a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system performance was investigated. The analysis was carried out on a GT of a capacity 171 MW at ISO condition, which is integrated with a dual pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), the cogeneration system had been tested under Kuwait summer climate conditions. A computational model was developed and solved using engineering equation solver professional package to investigate the performance of a dual pressure GT-HRSG system. The suggested HRSG is capable of producing high-pressure superheated steam at 150 bar and 510°C to operate a power generation steam turbine cycle, and a medium pressure saturated steam at 15 bar to run a thermal vapor compression (TVC) desalination system. In this research, the influence of elevated inlet air temperature and relative humidity on the energy assessment of the suggested cogeneration system was thoroughly investigated. Results indicated that operating GT under elevated values of inlet air temperatures is characterized by low values of net power and thermal efficiency. At elevated inlet air temperatures, increasing relative humidity has a small positive impact on GT cycle net power and thermal efficiency. Integrating the GT with HRSG to generate steam for power generation and process heat tends to increase energy utilization factor of the system at elevated inlet air temperatures. Increasing inlet air temperature plays a negative impact on power to heat ratio (PHR), while relative humidity has no effect on PHR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergent 2-D Subspace Learning With Null Space Analysis (2008)

Recent research has demonstrated the success of supervised dimensionality reduction algorithms 2DLDA and 2DMFA, which are based on the image-as-matrix representation, in small sample size cases. To solve the convergence problem in 2DLDA and 2DMFA, we propose in this work two new schemes, called Null Space based 2DLDA (NS2DLDA) and Null Space based 2DMFA (NS2DMFA), and apply them to the challenging multi-view face recognition task. First, we convert each 2-D face image (matrix) into a vector and compute the first projection matrix <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> from the null space of the intra-class scatter matrix, such that the samples from the same class are projected to the same point. Then the data are projected and reconstructed with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . Finally, we re-organize the reconstructed datum into a matrix and then compute the second projection direction <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , in the form of a Kronecker product of two matrices, by maximizing the inter-class scatter. A proof of algorithmic convergence is provided. The experiments on two benchmark multi-view face databases, the CMU PIE and FERET databases, demonstrate that NS2DLDA outperforms Fisherface, Null Space LDA (NSLDA) and 2DLDA. Additionally, NS2DMFA is also demonstrated to be more accurate than MFA and 2DMFA for face recognition.
HIV-1 subtype C is not associated with higher risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission (2013)

In a geographically diverse population of heterosexual African HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, subtype C was not associated with greater risk of HIV-1 transmission compared with non-C subtypes, arguing against the hypothesis that subtype C is more transmissible compared with other common subtypes.
Catalytic Decomposition of the Oleaginous Yeast <i>Cutaneotrichosporon Oleaginosus</i> and Subsequent Biocatalytic Conversion of Liberated Free Fatty Acids (2019)

A single step catalytic cell wall lysis and triglyceride hydrolysis combined with the enzymatic conversion of lipids using the oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus (ATCC 20509) as a model is described. Catalytic decomposition of yeast cells resulted in hydrolysis of about a third of cellular polysaccharides and all triglycerides. Enzymatic processing of the lipid fraction with an oleate hydratase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia led to conversion of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) (50%) without additional purification. Cell wall polysaccharides were depolymerized by in situ formed amino acids from cell protein fragments. The activity of the in situ generated, free amino acids was higher compared to that of additionally added acids. Studies with the cellobiose and β-(1→3)-glucan indicated that glutamic and aspartic acids, which are the dominant amino acids in yeast cells, are surprisingly more effective in hydrolysis in aqueous phase than sulfuric acid. This points to a concerted mechanism of glycosidic ether bond cleavage catalyzed by amino acids rather than to a pathway catalyzed by hydronium ions. The overall yield of the presented downstream process at 453 K resulted in the release of 80% of total lipids.
Comparison Between MgGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> and ZnGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> Nanophosphors Synthesized by Glycothermal Method (2009)

MgGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ (MGM) and ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ (ZGM) nanophosphors were synthesized in 1,4-butanediol by glycothermal method at 300 o C for 2h. The optimum photoluminescence (PL) intensity of MGM at 0.5 mol% Mn is higher than that of ZGM at 3.0 mol% Mn. We discuss this reason from several points of view. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the particle size of MGM is smaller than that of ZGM. The X-ray diffraction peaks of MGM are broader than those of ZGM. These results cannot explain the higher PL intensity of MGM. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and the PL decay analysis reveal that the homogeneity of Mn 2+ ions in MGM is higher than that of ZGM, resulting in the more efficient PL process for MGM. The high homogeneity of Mn 2+ ions is possibly attributed to the formation of MGM from the low-crystallized glycoxide precursor with a homogeneous mixture of different metallic ions. In contrast, ZGM could be formed by the crystallization of ZnGa 2 O 4 , followed by the incorporation of Mn 2+ ions into ZnGa 2 O 4 .
A Matrix Metalloproteinase Induction/Activation System Exists in the Human Left Ventricular Myocardium and Is Upregulated in Heart Failure (2000)

Increased LV myocardial MMP activity and selective upregulation of MMPs with nonischemic and ischemic forms of DCM occurred. Moreover, a local MMP induction/activation system was identified in isolated normal human LV myocytes that was upregulated with DCM. The control of MMP activation and expression in the failing human LV myocardium represents a new and potentially significant therapeutic target for this disease process.
Investigation of pre-ionization and atmospheric pulsed discharge plasma (2013)

Summary form only given. A generation method of pre-ionization atmospheric pressure discharge plasma has been many studied for pulse gas lasers. On the other hand, the dielectric barrier discharge is often used to generate ozone. In this study, investigation of pre-ionization discharge studied about dielectric barrier discharge for pre-ionization. The pre-ionizing electrode configuration is wire-dielectric-plate. The insulating material for the barrier discharge is made of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and thickness is 1.5 mm. Dielectric constant ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> of the aluminum oxide is about 10. The wire electrode is made of stainless steel with 0.8mm diameter. In addition, the plate electrodes are made of stainless steel as well. We have caused the barrier discharge to be used for pre-ionization by applying a pulsed voltage between the wire and the plate. And we are generation main discharge after pre-ionization. The main discharge electrode configuration is wire-plate without dielectric barrier. We have caused the main discharge by applying high voltage pulsed power between the wire and another plate. We have observed propagation of the discharge plasma with pre-ionization per 10 ns using a framing camera. As a result of the observation of the framing camera, the plasma with pre-ionization could recognize spread phenomena compared to the normal discharge without pre-ionization. We have developed ozonizer using the pre-ionizing discharge system.
Marine Bakterien, I. Synthese von Pentabrompseudilin, einem cytotoxischen Phenylpyrrol aus <i>Alteromonas luteo‐violaceus</i> (1989)

Abstract Eine neue Synthese für 2,3,4‐Tribrom‐5‐(3,5‐dibrom‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)pyrrol ( 1a , Pentabrompseudilin), einem antibakteriell, enzyminhibitorisch und cytotoxisch wirksamen Inhaltsstoff aus dem marinen Bakterium Alteromonas luteo‐violaceus , wird beschrieben. Für die Untersuchung von Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen werden zahlreiche weitere 2‐Phenylpyrrole in einer Reaktionsfolge hergestellt, deren Schlüsselschritte die Grignard‐Reaktion von 2‐(1,3‐Dioxan‐2‐yl)ethylmagnesiumbromid ( 9d ) mit Benzoylchloriden zu γ‐Phenyl‐γ‐ketoaldehyden 24 und deren Paal‐Knorr‐Cyclisierung sind.
Theoretical study of column of discharge with liquid non-metallic (tap water) electrodes in air at atmospheric pressure (2002)

The discharge established between two liquid non-metallic electrodes (DLNME) is investigated. This d.c. discharge burns between two streams of tap water in open air at atmospheric pressure in diffuse form. In the plasma column two zones are defined: one close to the near-cathode and the other one close to the near-anode regions of the discharge. In each zone, the composition, massic enthalpy, volumetric emissivity of N2(2+) spectral band (376-380 nm), hydrogen spectral line (Hα) and triplet oxygen spectral lines (777 nm) have been calculated in non-equilibrium conditions. The comparison with experimental results allows determining the ratio between translational temperature of electrons and that of heavy species and an upper limit of the air humidity in both zones. This type of calculation describes satisfactorily the previously obtained experimental results
771. Radical exchange in organometallic compounds. Part II. Replacement of trifluoromethyl by methyl (1957)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Theoretical study of the ground-state vibrations of the linear polyenes (1986)

Vibrational force fields for the ground states of 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene, and 1,3,5,7-octatetraene are calculated from extended Pariser–Parr–Pople CI theory. For the ground state of butadiene, the principal π-system force constants are compared to those determined by empirical, other semiempirical, and ab initio methods. The calculated vibrational frequency shifts for a series of deuterium substituted butadienes are found to be in good agreement with experiment. Trends in the principal π-system force constants of the polyenes for the ground states of ethylene through octatetraene are described, including the effects of introducing cis linkages in the polyene chain and of using single- vs single-plus-double-excitation CI. Correlations between the force constants and the calculated vibrational frequencies are discussed, and current assignments of the vibrational spectra of the polyenes are examined in view of the theoretical results.
Screened Interaction Model for Impurity Diffusion in Zinc (1964)

The screening theory proposed by Lazarus has been used to examine the impurity diffusion in zinc. The difference in the activation energies ($\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$) for the impurity diffusion and self-diffusion in zinc have been calculated using a screened Coulomb interaction between the vacancy and the excess charge $\mathrm{Ze}$ of the impurity ion. The change in the energy of formation of a vacancy next to the impurity ion is calculated by considering the electrostatic interaction between the impurity ion and the vacancy when they are nearest neighbors. In a saddle-point configuration, the diffusion ion may be assumed to be flanked by two half-vacancies. The change in the energy of motion has been calculated by considering the electrostatic interaction between the two half-vacancies and the impurity ion in the saddle-point configuration. Correlation corrections have been calculated using the expressions for the correlation factors. The estimated differences in activation energies for trivalent and monovalent impurities in zinc have been compared with the available experimental data. The estimated values check fairly well in the case of indium and gold, whereas the agreement is poor in the case of silver. Correlation corrections are important for a trivalent impurity, whereas the diffusional jumps of the monovalent impurity are relatively uncorrelated.
<title>Methods for identifying changes in radiologists' behavioral operating point of sensitivity-specificity trade-offs within an ROC study of the use of computer-aided detection of lung cancer</title> (2001)

In this paper, we look at a different potentially useful method of behavior analysis, a method that may allow one to derive from the ROC confidence ratings of individual radiologists, a behavioral operating point that closely reflects the point where the radiologist would have decided to act or take no action on a case. This behavioral operating point appears appropriate for the calculation of cost benefit relationships and for studying how a radiologist shifts within ROC space when provided with Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) information.
Low Temperature Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in Hydrogen-n-Butane System (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow Temperature Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in Hydrogen-n-Butane SystemHarry J. Aroyan and Donald L. KatzCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 1, 185–189Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50493a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50493a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Image-guided core-needle biopsy in patients with suspected or recurrent lymphomas (2000)

The authors recommend that IGNB be performed as the initial procedure for the diagnosis of lymphoma in the absence of peripheral lymph nodes, either at presentation or at recurrence.
The Prison Diary of John Augustus Bonney (1992)

So Matthew Yatman, an apothecary in Percy Street, London, might have witnessed the arrest of John Augustus Bonney, solicitor, late in the evening of 15 May 1794.1 The two men who called on Bonney were John Gurnell, king’s messenger, and John Miller, a Bow Street officer. They searched the house, confiscated his papers, and took him into custody. At eleven the following night he was interviewed by the Privy Council; he applied for bail, but was refused. On Monday 19 May he was taken to the Tower and imprisoned. He did not return home to Percy Street for seven months, and only then after he had been charged with high treason and acquitted.
Micro-plasmas continuously sustained in capillary tubes: Development, characterization and optimization for chemical species production under microfluidic flows (2013)

International audience
Sensing cooperativity in ATP hydrolysis for single multisubunit enzymes in solution (2011)

In order to operate in a coordinated fashion, multisubunit enzymes use cooperative interactions intrinsic to their enzymatic cycle, but this process remains poorly understood. Accordingly, ATP number distributions in various hydrolyzed states have been obtained for single copies of the mammalian double-ring multisubunit chaperonin TRiC/CCT in free solution using the emission from chaperonin-bound fluorescent nucleotides and closed-loop feedback trapping provided by an Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic trap. Observations of the 16-subunit complexes as ADP molecules are dissociating shows a peak in the bound ADP number distribution at 8 ADP, whose height falls over time with little shift in the position of the peak, indicating a highly cooperative ADP release process which would be difficult to observe by ensemble-averaged methods. When AlFx is added to produce ATP hydrolysis transition state mimics (ADP·AlFx) locked to the complex, the peak at 8 nucleotides dominates for all but the lowest incubation concentrations. Although ensemble averages of the single-molecule data show agreement with standard cooperativity models, surprisingly, the observed number distributions depart from standard models, illustrating the value of these single-molecule observations in constraining the mechanism of cooperativity. While a complete alternative microscopic model cannot be defined at present, the addition of subunit-occupancy-dependent cooperativity in hydrolysis yields distributions consistent with the data.