gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced sound power from a recurved flute (1984)

A Boehm flute with a recurved headjoint that folds part of the column back on itself exhibits an increase in sound power of 2–3 dB at the lower frequencies, and similar reductions in output at some higher frequencies. The effect is due to shortening the separation between the two sound sources of the instrument.
Structural and Property Evolution of Aqueous‐Based Lead Zirconate Titanate Tape‐Cast Layers (2001)

We have developed aqueous suspensions of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and an acrylic latex emulsion binder for tape casting. Rheological measurements were conducted to optimize their flow behavior at high solids volume fraction (φ solids ). Concentrated suspensions (φ solids > 0.45) were tape cast onto a silicone‐coated mylar carrier film, and the effect of cellulose (a viscosifier) and surfactant additions on wetting behavior was studied. Drying stress measurements were performed on tape‐cast layers using a substrate deflection technique. The initial period of stress rise was analogous to that observed for binder‐free ceramic films, whereas the stress decay was influenced by latex coalescence. Tape‐cast layers exhibited a constant PZT volume fraction of 0.49 and uniform binder distribution independent of the PZT/latex volume ratio. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of sintered multilayer samples were comparable to those obtained for bulk, isopressed samples. Our work provides guidelines for developing aqueous formulations for tape casting complex electroceramic oxide layers.
Ideality of pressure‐sensitive paint. IV. Improvement of luminescence behavior by addition of pigment (2000)

We report the effect of inorganic pigments on the diffusion properties of a polymer matrix. The presence of pigments has a large effect on the frequency factor and the activation energy of the diffusion of oxygen in the polymer matrix. This effect is used to modify the overall temperature dependence of the luminescence in pressure-sensitive paint (PSP). Ideality of luminescence (i.e., independent effect of pressure and temperature on the luminescence intensity) can be achieved with a PSP formulation by using a low-cost and commercial silicone polymer using Al2O3 as the pigment. Ideality temperature limits (ITL) can be tailored by adjusting the pigment volume concentration (PVC) in the paint formulation. With the appropriate adjustment of PVC, the luminescence characteristics of the PSP can be designed to suit the particular needs of the wind-tunnel researchers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2824–2831, 2000
Pelvic Fracture With Complete Urethrovaginal Complex Avulsion (2010)

Complete anterior vaginal wall avulsion may occur with sparing of the lower urinary tract in the setting of pelvic fracture. This case supports the current anatomic understanding of a strong and dense attachment between the urethra and the anterior vaginal wall.
genotype status and effect of omeprazole on intragastric pH in humans (1999)

The effect of omeprazole on intragastric pH significantly depends on CYP2C19 genotype status. The genotyping test of CYP2C19 may be useful for an optimal prescription of omeprazole.
Problems and Questions (1958)

James H. Means, C. W. Trigg, Grant Heck, James McCawley Jr., D. A. Breault, J. M. Gandhi, Pedro A. Piza, M. S. Krick, Edward Daniel, Harry M. Gehman, Sam Kravitz, R. T. Coffman, Charles F. Pinzka, Michael J. Pascual, Joseph D. E. Konhauser, D. A. Steinberg, Waleed A. Al-Salam, Leo Moser, Lawrence A. Ringenberg, J. M. Howell, M. Morduchow, R. B. Kiltie, Michael J. Pascual, Erich Michalup, Chih-yi Wang, Edgar Karst, Jack Winter, Richard Kao, R. M. Conkling, M. S. Klamkin, C. W. Trigg, Richard. K. Guy, Standley L. Ksanznak, Problems and Questions, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May - Jun., 1958), pp. 285-295
Toward a hybrid brain–computer interface based on imagined movement and visual attention (2010)

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems do not work for all users. This article introduces a novel combination of tasks that could inspire BCI systems that are more accurate than conventional BCIs, especially for users who cannot attain accuracy adequate for effective communication. Subjects performed tasks typically used in two BCI approaches, namely event-related desynchronization (ERD) and steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), both individually and in a 'hybrid' condition that combines both tasks. Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded across three conditions. Subjects imagined moving the left or right hand (ERD), focused on one of the two oscillating visual stimuli (SSVEP), and then simultaneously performed both tasks. Accuracy and subjective measures were assessed. Offline analyses suggested that half of the subjects did not produce brain patterns that could be accurately discriminated in response to at least one of the two tasks. If these subjects produced comparable EEG patterns when trying to use a BCI, these subjects would not be able to communicate effectively because the BCI would make too many errors. Results also showed that switching to a different task used in BCIs could improve accuracy in some of these users. Switching to a hybrid approach eliminated this problem completely, and subjects generally did not consider the hybrid condition more difficult. Results validate this hybrid approach and suggest that subjects who cannot use a BCI should consider switching to a different BCI approach, especially a hybrid BCI. Subjects proficient with both approaches might combine them to increase information throughput by improving accuracy, reducing selection time, and/or increasing the number of possible commands.
Table machine simulation (1969)

A pushdown table machine can be simulated by a computer in time n log log n where n is the number of table machine operations. A finite state table machine can be simulated in linear time.
An optical and X-ray examination of the basic-slag mineral silicocarnotite (1949)

Blue pleochroic crystals obtained from basic slag were first described by Carnot and Richard. They published a chemical analysis, some of the optical properties, and a brief description of the forms they observed. The crystals were stated to be orthorhombic, with a composition of 5CaO.P 2 0 5 .SiO 2 . Several authors later described similar crystals. None, however, gave a thorough account of the optical properties. These various papers were summarized and discussed by Kroll, who accepted Carnot's formula, but concluded, from Bücking and Linck's examination, that the material was monoclinic. Kroll applied the rather unfortunate term ‘silico-carnotite’ to these crystals. The present work shows that silicocarnotite occurs in only one modification–orthorhombic. The crystals drawn by Bricking and Linck and described as monoclinic are, in fact, identical with our orthorhombie crystals.
Electrophoretic studies on model particles. Part 2.—The mobility against pH behaviour and the cation charge reversal concentrations of adsorbed carboxyl colloids (1958)

H. W. Douglas and D. J. Shaw, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 1748 DOI: 10.1039/TF9585401748
A NEW MICROBIAL METABOLITE, SPHYDROFURAN. II (1971)

The structure of a new streptomycete metabolite sphydrofuran was determined as an anomeric mixture of 3, 4, 5'-trmydroxy-S'-methyl-2, 3-spirobi(tetrahydrofuran) (A1 and A2) which is brought into an equilibrium mixturewith trans-3, cis-4-dihydroxy-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-2-acetonyl (tetrahydrofuran)(A3) in some solvents.
Differential regulation of renal glomerular and preglomerular vascular angiotensin II receptors (1996)

The activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can be influenced by sodium intake and angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion. It has been shown that ANG II can regulate the density of its receptors. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of glomerular and preglomerular vascular ANG II receptors by changes in RAS activity. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a low- or high-sodium diet or were infused with nonpressor or pressor doses of ANG II for 7 days. ANG II receptor characteristics were determined by radioligand binding assays with use of ANG II antagonists losartan and PD-123319. AT1 was the only receptor type found in membrane preparations from all groups. Glomerular ANG II receptor characteristics in all groups were unchanged compared with their controls, whereas vascular receptor density was significantly downregulated by sodium restriction. We conclude that glomerular and preglomerular vascular ANG II receptors are differentially regulated such that AT1 receptors in preglomerular vessels can be regulated by changes in endogenous RAS. ANG II infusion did not induce any modification of either glomerular or vascular AT1 receptors, suggesting a predominant role of the endogenous local renal RAS.
Modified Waste Dispersion Phase from the Extraction Metallurgy as Functional Filler for Rubber-based Materials (2010)

In the past decade, we have witnessed unprecedented increase in the quantities and variety of the electromagnetic field sources used for domestic, industrial, and military purposes. Of late, the protection from the ultra high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation is gaining importance owing to human health care and quality of life and work improvement. Independently from the variety of produced absorbers, the problem with development of new, more effective, and cheap absorbing materials becomes a question of interest. The mainly used functional fillers in rubber-based composites effectively absorbing UHF electromagnetic radiations are carbonyl iron or magnetite, in same cases in combination with graphite or carbon black. At the same time in sinter plants of the extraction ferrous metallurgy, after gas cleaning equipment (electrostatic precipitators (ESP)) up to thousand tons of waste powder have been generated annually. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that powder contains mainly magnetite. In the present research on the base of waste sinter powder a filler modified with carbon was obtained. The rubber-based composites with different concentration of modified and nonmodified fillers were produced. The vulcanization, physico-mechanical, electrical, and microwave properties of the obtained rubber-based composites were measured and evaluated. The results show that the modified fillers usage improves microwave characteristics, strength-deformation properties, and aging stability.
CSR1, the Sole Target of Imidazolinone Herbicide in Arabidopsis thaliana (2007)

The imidazolinone-tolerant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, csr1-2(D), carries a mutation equivalent to that found in commercially available Clearfield crops. Despite their widespread usage, the mechanism by which Clearfield crops gain imidazolinone herbicide tolerance has not yet been fully characterized. Transcription profiling of imazapyr (an imidazolinone herbicide)-treated wild-type and csr1-2(D) mutant plants using Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip microarrays was performed to elucidate further the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of imidazolinone resistance. In wild-type shoots, the genes which responded earliest to imazapyr treatment were detoxification-related genes which have also been shown to be induced by other abiotic stresses. Early-response genes included steroid sulfotransferase (ST) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), as well as members of the glycosyltransferase, glutathione transferase (GST), cytochrome P450, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) and alternative oxidase (AOX) protein families. Later stages of the imazapyr response involved regulation of genes participating in biosynthesis of amino acids, secondary metabolites and tRNA. In contrast to the dynamic changes in the transcriptome profile observed in imazapyr-treated wild-type plants, the transcriptome of csr1-2(D) did not exhibit significant changes following imazapyr treatment, compared with mock-treated csr1-2(D). Further, no substantial difference was observed between wild-type and csr1-2(D) transcriptomes in the absence of imazapyr treatment. These results indicate that CSR1 is the sole target of imidazolinone and that the csr1-2(D) mutation has little or no detrimental effect on whole-plant fitness.
Can papilloma virus testing be used to improve cervical cancer screening? (1996)

This report investigates different options for using human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in cervical cancer prevention. These options are evaluated by a stochastic model of the progression of pre-malignancy and its relationship to HPV infection. Three screening policies are compared: 2 based on cytological screening, with or without HPV testing, and 1 in which HPV testing is the primary screening method. A policy of HPV testing for women with mildly abnormal smears would have little effect on the overall incidence of invasive cancer when compared with a policy of repeat cytology, provided follow-up is efficient. Moreover, the potential value of HPV testing as a primary screening method is strongly dependent on the proportion of neoplasias that are HPV-negative. Important factors in assessing the future role of HPV testing would be cost-effectiveness and benefits from improved compliance.
Are triple-negative tumours and basal-like breast cancer synonymous? Authors' response (2007)

1] in their response to our recent research article [2], and we are pleased to address them. An important conclusion from our research article is that triple-negative breast cancer can be equated to basal-like breast cancer. In their letter, Rakha and colleagues
Properties of Soda Aluminosilicate Glasses: I, Refractive Index, Density, Molar Refractivity, and Infrared Absorption Spectra (1962)

The density, refractive index, molar refractivity, and infrared absorption spectra of soda aluminosilicate glasses containing up to 34.8 wt% alumina have been determined. Changes in these properties with composition can be explained by existing theories which assume that the aluminum ions form only A10 4 tetrahedra when the Al/Na ratio of the glass is equal to or less than 1. The aluminum ions in glasses having an Al/Na ratio larger than 1 are in both fourfold and sixfold coordination.
TAURINE IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN: MATERNAL‐FETAL TRANSFER OF [<sup>35</sup>S]TAURINE AND ITS FATE IN THE NEONATE (1977)

Abstract— The transfer of [ 35 ] taunne, injected intrapentoneally into pregnant rats (near term), to fetal tissues has been measured. Taurine can enter fetal brain as easily as it can fetal liver. In contrast, it cannot enter mature brain as easily as it can enter mature liver. After birth, [ 35 S] taurine, which had been injected into the dam before birth of the pups, continues to accumulate in the brain of the pups for some days. During the neonatal period, the concentration of taurine is decreasing, but the total pool of taurine in the brain is increasing rapidly. In order to help supply this increasing pool, the taurine present in the brain at birth appears to be conserved and an increasing amount of taurine is synthesized in situ . The net result during the neonatal period of development is that brain taurine specific radioactivity decreases and brain taurine has a very slow rate of turnover.
The Conley index and the critical groups via an extension of Gromoll-Meyer theory (1996)

We investigate, in a variational setting, the relationship between the Gromoll-Meyer pairs of {\it a dynamically isolated critical set}\/ and the Conley index pairs of its {\it isolating invariant neighbourhoods}. We show that the information given by the critical groups of such a set is equivalent to that given by the Conley index. This allows us to derive - in a non-compact setting - various invariance properties for the Conley index from those of the critical groups, as well as a formula relating the degree of a gradient vector field in an isolating neighbourhood to the Conley index pair associated with it.
Dichloroketene—Chiral Olefin‐Based Approach to Pyrrolizidines: Highly Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (+)‐Amphorogynine A (VIII). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Measurement of Radiation Forces in a Cylindrical Sound Field (1956)

A long line source has been simulated by placing a horn terminating in a slot 8×14in.. between two large, rigid plane surfaces 8 inches apart. The resulting cylindrical sound field has been used for measurements of acoustic radiation forces. The force exerted on rigid spherical obstacles of up to 3 cm radius has been measured at distances within 10 cm of the source of the field. Forces of attraction have been found; their magnitude as a function of frequency, size of spherical obstacle and distance from the source is in agreement with theory [T. F. W. Embleton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 28, 155(A) (1956) and Can. J. Phys. 34, 276 (1956)]. This apparatus overcomes the difficulty of eliminating spherical waves from the sound field encountered in previous experiments with a short line source.
Multi-Agent System with Plug and Play Feature for Distributed Secondary Control in Microgrid—Controller and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation (2018)

Distributed control and optimization strategies are a promising alternative approach to centralized control within microgrids. In this paper, a multi-agent system is developed to deal with the distributed secondary control of islanded microgrids. Two main challenges are identified in the coordination of a microgrid: (i) interoperability among equipment from different vendors; and (ii) online re-configuration of the network in the case of alteration of topology. To cope with these challenges, the agents are designed to communicate with physical devices via the industrial standard IEC 61850 and incorporate a plug and play feature. This allows interoperability within a microgrid at agent layer as well as allows for online re-configuration upon topology alteration. A test case of distributed frequency control of islanded microgrid with various scenarios was conducted to validate the operation of proposed approach under controller and power hardware-in-the-loop environment, comprising prototypical hardware agent systems and realistic communications network.
Exploring Collaboration Networks in Open-Source Projects (2013)

Analysis of developer collaboration networks presents an opportunity for understanding and thus improving the software development process. Discovery of these networks, however, presents a challenge since the collaboration relationships are initially not known. In this work we apply an approach for discovering collaboration networks of open source developers from Version Control Systems (VCS). It computes similarities among developers based on common file changes, constructs the network of collaborating developers and applies filtering techniques to improve the readability of the visualized network. We use the approach in case studies of three different projects from open source (phpMyAdmin, Eclipse Data Tools Platform and Gnu Compiler Collection) to learn their organizational structure and patterns. Our results indicate that with little effort the approach is capable of revealing aspects of these projects that were previously not known or would require a lot of effort to discover manually via other means, such as reading project documentation and forums.
The Dynamics of Radiation Driven Gap Closure Across Megagauss Fields on Z (2007)

Summary form only given. We present experimental observations of the closure of the power feed gap on the Z machine during the implosion of a wire array load. The cathode surface and wire array edge were imaged by time-resolved laser shadowgraphy and X-ray backlighting. During the run in phase of the wire array which lasts through maximum current, ~20 MA, the radial and axial power-flow surfaces of the cathode expanded < frac14 mm. In contrast, after peak X-ray emission, the radial power-flow surface expanded at a velocity of 4.8 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> m/s as observed by laser shadowgraphy. Assuming both anode and cathode power-flow surfaces expand with similar velocities, the extrapolated time to close a 4 mm gap is ~40 ns. Previous gap closure experiments indicated closure times less than this. Therefore a low density, low gradient plasma must be responsible for shorting the gap at earlier times. The high density plasma serves as a moving surface and source of ions.
Metabolic systems maintain stable non‐equilibrium <i>via</i> thermodynamic buffering (2009)

Here, we analyze how the set of nucleotides in the cell is equilibrated and how this generates simple rules that help the cell to organize itself via maintenance of a stable non-equilibrium state. A major mechanism operating to achieve this state is thermodynamic buffering via high activities of equilibrating enzymes such as adenylate kinase. Under stable non-equilibrium, the ratios of free and Mg-bound adenylates, Mg(2+) and membrane potentials are interdependent and can be computed. The adenylate status is balanced with the levels of reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotides through regulated uncoupling of the pyridine nucleotide pool from ATP production in mitochondria, and through oxidation of substrates non-coupled to NAD(+) reduction in peroxisomes. The set of adenylates and pyridine nucleotides constitutes a generalized cell energy status and determines rates of major metabolic fluxes. As the result, fluxes of energy and information become organized spatially and temporally, providing conditions for self-maintenance of metabolism.
Improving Predictions of Protein-Protein Interfaces by Combining Amino Acid-Specific Classifiers Based on Structural and Physicochemical Descriptors with Their Weighted Neighbor Averages (2014)

Protein-protein interactions are involved in nearly all regulatory processes in the cell and are considered one of the most important issues in molecular biology and pharmaceutical sciences but are still not fully understood. Structural and computational biology contributed greatly to the elucidation of the mechanism of protein interactions. In this paper, we present a collection of the physicochemical and structural characteristics that distinguish interface-forming residues (IFR) from free surface residues (FSR). We formulated a linear discriminative analysis (LDA) classifier to assess whether chosen descriptors from the BlueStar STING database (http://www.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br/SMS/) are suitable for such a task. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicates that the particular physicochemical and structural descriptors used for building the linear classifier perform much better than a random classifier and in fact, successfully outperform some of the previously published procedures, whose performance indicators were recently compared by other research groups. The results presented here show that the selected set of descriptors can be utilized to predict IFRs, even when homologue proteins are missing (particularly important for orphan proteins where no homologue is available for comparative analysis/indication) or, when certain conformational changes accompany interface formation. The development of amino acid type specific classifiers is shown to increase IFR classification performance. Also, we found that the addition of an amino acid conservation attribute did not improve the classification prediction. This result indicates that the increase in predictive power associated with amino acid conservation is exhausted by adequate use of an extensive list of independent physicochemical and structural parameters that, by themselves, fully describe the nano-environment at protein-protein interfaces. The IFR classifier developed in this study is now integrated into the BlueStar STING suite of programs. Consequently, the prediction of protein-protein interfaces for all proteins available in the PDB is possible through STING_interfaces module, accessible at the following website: (http://www.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br/SMS/predictions/index.html).