gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model reduction by trimming for a class of semi-Markov reliability models and the corresponding error bound (1991)

Semi-Markov processes have proved to be an effective and convenient tool to construct models of systems that achieve reliability by redundancy and reconfiguration. These models are able to depict complex system architectures and to capture the dynamics of fault arrival and system recovery. A disadvantage of this approach is that the models can be extremely large, which poses both a model and a computational problem. Techniques are needed to reduce the model size. Because these systems are used in critical applications where failure can be expensive, there must be an analytically derived bound for the error produced by the model reduction technique. A model reduction technique called trimming is presented that can be applied to a popular class of systems. Automatic model generation programs were written to help the reliability analyst produce models of complex systems. This method, trimming, is easy to implement and the error bound easy to compute. Hence, the method lends itself to inclusion in an automatic model generator.
Development and oxygen scavenging performance of three‐layer active PET films for food packaging (2014)

ABSTRACT Polymeric active materials represent an innovative food packaging concept that has been introduced to improve the quality of foods and to enhance their shelf life. In this article, the effect of the inclusion of an oxygen scavenger in a polymeric matrix, realizing multilayer active polyester films by coextrusion process, is analyzed. In particular, three layer active films, at different mass ratios of the layers, were produced to form symmetrical "ABA" structures comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a polymeric oxygen scavenger (OS) as core layer and pure PET as external layers. Oxygen scavenging tests conducted on the multilayer active structures have pointed out the role of the relative layer thickness in controlling the scavenging capacity, the activity time and the oxygen absorption rate. A modeling of the scavenging phenomena, which combines a quasi steady‐state distribution in the skin layers with a flat profile of O 2 content in the active core layer, can explain the experimentally observed oxygen absorption rate at short times. Moreover, steady state oxygen transport measurements, performed when the scavenger reactive capacity is exhausted, have shown that the presence of the active phase slightly reduces the O 2 permeability, compared with the neat PET. The effect, which progressively increases with the amount of active phase in the film formulation, was related to the different morphological state developed on processing. Finally, preliminary shelf life tests on fresh‐cut untreated apples suggest that the developed three layer active films have a significant potential in the shelf‐life extension of oxygen sensitive food products. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41465.
Modelling and Identification of a Diesel Combustion Process with the Downhill Gradient Search Method (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">According to the modelling principle which consists in an iterative comparison between a knowledge model and a representation model, we are building a software which simulates the dynamics of a Diesel engine. Modelling a Diesel engine requires a good accuracy in combustion simulation; therefore Vibe's two-peak model was chosen. But determining the seven necessary parameters is quite difficult due to this non-linear representation. The “downhill gradient search method” solves this identification problem if weighting factors and initial filtering are chosen carefully. After presenting our principle, we shall apply this method to two different engine speeds. Lastly, we shall compare the data measured in the test-bed with the new computed ones using our model.</div>
Water Hammer Response of Flexible Piping by Component Synthesis (1991)

Water hammer pressure in piping is modified by the consequent motion of the piping. In general, accurate estimates of dynamic pressure and pipe displacement must account for this interaction. One approach is to formulate and solve the coupled equations of motion for the liquid and pipe structure. Implementation for practical pipe systems would require a computer code comparable in scope to a structural finite element program combined with a hydrodynamics program. This paper presents an alternative approach that utilizes any available finite element program to compute natural frequencies and mode shapes of the piping, and then uses those modes to modify a hydrodynamic analysis and to predict motion of the piping. An example analysis demonstrates application of the method to assess the consequence of removing a brace intended to restrain pipe motion caused by water hammer. Results are compared to those given by analyses that neglect the effect of pipe motion on pressure.
Development of New Oxygen Ion Conductors Based on Nd<sub>4</sub>GeO<sub>8</sub> and Nd<sub>3</sub>GaO<sub>6</sub>. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modification of the structure and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) 56/44 mol % copolymer by a proton‐irradiation treatment (2005)

Abstract The effects of high‐energy proton irradiation on the structure and properties of 56/44 mol % poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) copolymer were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), relative permittivity, and polarization hysteresis measurements. Copolymer films prepared by hot compression molding were irradiated with a broad range of proton dosages (10–107 Mrad) at room temperature. The DSC results showed that the ferroelectric transition was strongly affected by the proton dosages. The XRD data indicated the reduction of polar ordering in the copolymer by the proton‐irradiation treatment. From the relative permittivity and polarization behavior, the copolymer film was found to be converted from a normal ferroelectric material to a relaxor ferroelectric material as the proton dosage was increased to 50 Mrad. The electrostrictive coefficient of the 56/44 mol % copolymer was enhanced after irradiation, and the optimized proton dosage for attaining the highest electrostrictive strain response was determined. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2334–2339, 2005
The go-go interaction technique (1996)

The Go-Go immersive interaction technique uses the metaphor of interactively growing the user’s arm and non-linear mapping for reaching and manipulating distant objects. Unlike others, our technique allows for seamless direct manipulation of both nearby objects and those at a distance.
Studies on Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> and Related Compounds. XXVI (1952)

Addition of primary amines to the aqueous solution of thiamine, in the presence of sulfurous acid, results in almost quantitative substitution of its thiazole portion with primary amines. Use of aniline and p-aminobenzoic acid as the primary amine, respectively yields N-[2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidyl-(5)]-methylaniline (I) and -methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (IV), which are respectively identical with the substances obtained by the condensation of aniline or p-aminobenzoic acid with 2-methyl-4-amino-5-bromo-methylpyrimidine hydrobromide (III). This reaction also occurs with the use of indole, forming N-[2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidyl-(5)]-methylindole (V) from thiamine. (V) is identical with the substance obtained by the condensation of (III) and indole. The thiamine derivative substituted with pyridine or quinoline in its thiazole portion, i.e. N-[2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidyl-(5)]-methyl-pyridinium or -quinolinium compounds also form (I) in good yields in the presence of sulfurous acid and aniline. These results are quite similar to the state of decomposition of thiamine by the thiamine destructive enzyme and are of interest as a model experiment for enzymatic activity.
<title>The Narcissus Effect In Infrared Optical Scanning Systems</title> (1977)

In a typical infrared optical scanning system, the surface temperature of the detector is usually much less than the ambient. The narcissus effect occurs when the detector, through unintended reflections off internal lens surfaces, sees sources at temperatures other than the background ambient. These sources usually are reflections of the detector itself, hence the term narcissus. The resulting display shows abrupt changes in the background radiation as a function of field position. A technique that evaluates the narcissus effect in terms of narcissus equivalent temperature difference (NARCAT) has been developed and programmed for the computer. Computer results for several infrared optical scanning systems indicate that predicted and measured values of NARCAT agree well. The theory is based on the principle that radiance along any geometrical ray bundle does not vary. 1 The narcissus-induced variation of this radiance is found to be the arithmetic product of three factors, viz., (1) image-forming, (2) surface spectral reflec-tance, and (3) temperature difference. Therefore, to suppress the narcissus effect, one simply minimizes these factors. Examples illustrating both the computational approach and the suppression techniques are given.
Similarity Management in Phonebook-Centric Social Networks (2009)

In the past years many social network implementations have come to existence. There is not one network but many, and the user-base of these networks is different. Connecting the users of the separate networks is currently unsolved and seducing new users to existing systems becomes harder and harder as the users are not willing to join too many systems and build up their contact base from scratch each time. In this paper we propose a solution for the problem of finding existing contacts in a new system. An implementation of the described algorithm is also illustrated. Utilizing the algorithm in existing or new social networks can efficiently reduce the time needed for the users to find their friends in a newly joined network.
Genetic neuropathology of obsessive psychiatric syndromes (2014)

Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are complex psychiatric disorders with shared obsessive features, thought to arise from the interaction of multiple genes of small effect with environmental factors. Potential candidate genes for AN, BN and OCD have been identified through clinical association and neuroimaging studies; however, recent genome-wide association studies of eating disorders (ED) so far have failed to report significant findings. In addition, few, if any, studies have interrogated postmortem brain tissue for evidence of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with candidate genes, which has particular promise as an approach to elucidating molecular mechanisms of association. We therefore selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on candidate gene studies for AN, BN and OCD from the literature, and examined the association of these SNPs with gene expression across the lifespan in prefrontal cortex of a nonpsychiatric control cohort (N=268). Several risk-predisposing SNPs were significantly associated with gene expression among control subjects. We then measured gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of cases previously diagnosed with obsessive psychiatric disorders, for example, ED (N=15) and OCD/obsessive-compulsive personality disorder or tics (OCD/OCPD/Tic; N=16), and nonpsychiatric controls (N=102) and identified 6 and 286 genes that were differentially expressed between ED compared with controls and OCD cases compared with controls, respectively (false discovery rate (FDR) <5%). However, none of the clinical risk SNPs were among the eQTLs and none were significantly associated with gene expression within the broad obsessive cohort, suggesting larger sample sizes or other brain regions may be required to identify candidate molecular mechanisms of clinical association in postmortem brain data sets.
The Importance of the Second Hairpin Loop of Cystatin C for Proteinase Binding. Characterization of the Interaction of Trp-106 Variants of the Inhibitor with Cysteine Proteinases (1996)

The single Trp of human cystatin C, Trp-106, is located in the second hairpin loop of the proteinase binding surface. Substitution of this residue by Gly markedly altered the spectroscopic changes accompanying papain binding and reduced the affinity for papain, actinidin, and cathepsins B and H by 300-900-fold. The decrease in affinity indicated that the side chain of Trp-106 contributes a similar free energy, -14 to -17 kJ.mol-1, to the binding to all four cysteine proteinases, corresponding to about 20-30% of the total binding energy. Replacement of Trp-106 by Phe led to a smaller (30-120-fold) decrease in affinity for the four enzymes than Gly substitution. The binding energy of the Phe residue corresponded to 20-45% of that of Trp, showing that a phenyl group can only partly substitute for the indole ring. The reduced affinities of the cystatin C Trp-106 variants for all proteinases studied were due almost exclusively to increased dissociation rate constants. The second hairpin loop thus contributes to the binding primarily by keeping cystatin C anchored to the proteinase once the complex has been formed. This role is partly in contrast to that of the N-terminal region, which increases the affinity of cystatin C for cathepsin B by increasing the association rate constant. Removal of the N-terminal region of the Trp-106-->Gly variant by proteolytic cleavage substantially weakened the binding to papain and cathepsin B. The resulting affinity indicated that the first hairpin loop (the "QVVAG-region"), which is the only region of the proteinase binding surface remaining intact in the truncated variant, contributes 40-60% of the total free energy of binding of cystatin C to both proteinases.
Subclavian deep vein thrombosis associated with the use of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (Gonal-F) complicating mild ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. (2000)

Arm swelling associated with the use of gonadotropins during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation should be promptly evaluated and treated. Subclavian vein thrombosis is a rare complication of ovulation induction, and the possibility that recombinant gonadotropins increase the risk for this complication should be further studied.
High damage-resistance and fracture toughness of transparent Nb-doped barium aluminoborate glass ceramics (2023)

Glass-ceramics offer the opportunity to address the main disadvantage of oxide glasses, namely low fracture toughness. The presence of crystals can improve the fracture toughness (crack growth resistance), but the crack initiation resistance will typically be deteriorated due to the induced residual stresses. Excessive crystal content and large crystal size can also lead to a loss of transparency. In this work, we report a Nb-doped barium aluminoborate glass-ceramic, for which both the crack initiation resistance (CR) and fracture toughness (KIc) get improved upon heat treatment, while still maintaining some transparency. Relying on combined structural and mechanical characterizations, we demonstrate that the coordination numbers of B and Al in the glass phase decrease upon heat treatment, which is beneficial to energy dissipation under mechanical stress to improve CR. Furthermore, the formed piezoelectric crystal phase BaNb2O6 also helps to improve both CR and KIc, likely by converting the stress-induced mechanical energy into electric energy. Meanwhile, the increase in crystallinity and crystal size after heat treatment also leads to higher KIc of the glass-ceramics. These findings thus help address the difficult problem of simultaneously improving the resistances to crack initiation and growth, which will facilitate the future design of transparent, yet highly damage-resistant and damage-tolerant glass ceramics.
The relationship between engagement in the scholarship of teaching and learning and students’ course experiences (2008)

While there has been a good deal of discussion about the scholarship of teaching and learning, and models have been developed to understand its scope, the effects on students’ learning of academics engaging in the scholarship of teaching and learning are unclear. In the context of initiatives to develop the scholarship of teaching and learning in a large research‐intensive university in Australia, this paper discusses the relationship between faculty performance on a set of scholarly accomplishments in relation to teaching and learning from 2002 to 2004, and changes in students’ course experiences from 2001 to 2005. The paper provides evidence of the relationship between the scholarship of teaching and learning and students’ course experiences and demonstrates the effectiveness of institutional strategies to encourage the scholarship of teaching and learning.
Conjugate Additions of Organocuprates to Cycloalkenone Complexes of the Chiral Rhenium Lewis Acid [(.eta.5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]+. Enantioselective Syntheses of 3-Substituted Cycloalkanones (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConjugate Additions of Organocuprates to Cycloalkenone Complexes of the Chiral Rhenium Lewis Acid [(.eta.5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]+. Enantioselective Syntheses of 3-Substituted CycloalkanonesYan Wang and J. A. GladyszCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 4, 903–909Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00109a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00109a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capacity and effects of Reed-Solomon codes on multi-pulse PPM in optical communications (1989)

Evaluation de la capacite de la modulation multiple de positions d'impulsion en communications optiques, grâce a un capteur de photons. On etudie l'efficacite, l'energie, la vitesse de transmission et la probabilite d'erreur. On obtient une bonne efficacite de la probabilite d'erreur pour la modulation multiple de positions d'impulsions codee Reed-Solomon
Nonvascular Interventional Procedures: Analysis of a 10-year Database Containing More than 21,000 Cases (2001)

Nonvascular interventional procedures have increased, with more currently being performed on weekends.
Pregnancy and birth resulting from transfer of a blastocyst observed to have one pronucleus at the time of examination for fertilization: Case report (1999)

This case report describes a successful full-term pregnancy and birth after the transfer of a zona-free blastocyst derived from an oocyte observed at fertilization check as having only one distinct pronucleus (PN). The patient had previously undergone four in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles and three frozen embryo transfer cycles, with one pregnancy resulting. In this IVF cycle, 7/19 oocytes were fertilized exhibiting two distinct PN; however, all these oocyctes failed to develop in culture and had arrested or totally fragmented by day 6 after insemination. One oocyte (1/19) displayed only one PN 18 h after insemination, but culture of this oocyte led to development of an early cavitating blastocyst by day 6. Since no other embryos were available for transfer to the patient, this embryo was transferred, resulting in a full-term pregnancy with delivery of a normal healthy boy. Observation of a single PN at the normal time of fertilization assessment would not appear to be an absolute indicator of developmental incompetence. In-vitro culture to 6 days post-insemination provides the opportunity to assess embryological development after activation of the embryonic genome. Formation of a morphologically normal blastocyst may be an indicator of a fertilized embryo with normal developmental capacity.
TLR4 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter-Inducing IFN-β, but Not MyD88, Regulate <i>Escherichia coli</i> -Induced Dendritic Cell Maturation and Apoptosis In Vivo (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) are short-lived, professional APCs that play a central role in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Induction of efficient immune responses is dependent on how long DCs survive in the host. Therefore, the regulation of DC apoptosis in vivo during infection remains an important question that requires further investigation. The impact of Escherichia coli bacteremia on DCs has never been analyzed. We show here that i.v. or i.p. administration of live or heat-killed E. coli in mice induces splenic DC migration, maturation, and apoptosis. We further characterize which TLR and Toll-IL-1R (TIR)-containing adaptor molecules regulate these processes in vivo. In this model, DC maturation is impaired in TLR2(-/-), TLR4(-/-) and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF)(-/-) mice. In contrast, DC apoptosis is reduced only in TLR4(-/-) and TRIF(-/-) mice. As expected, DC apoptosis induced by the TLR4 ligand LPS is also abolished in these mice. Injection of the TLR9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (synthetic bacterial DNA) induces DC migration and maturation, but only modest DC apoptosis when compared with LPS and E. coli. Together, these results suggest that E. coli bacteremia directly impacts on DC maturation and survival in vivo through a TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathway.
Comparative evaluation of four serodiagnostic tests for scrub typhus in Thailand (1997)

The commercial dot-blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Dip-S-Ticks dipstick test was compared with the indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) and Weil-Felix (WF) tests for the diagnosis of scrub typhus, using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) as the reference standard. With a panel of 117 positive and 75 negative sera, the dipstick test was 94% sensitive and 98.7% specific at a cut-off value of one or more positive dots. The IIP was 90.6% sensitive and 100% specific at a cut-off titre of 1:400, and was more sensitive than the IFA with acute sera (79.6% vs. 68.5% at a titre > or = 1:400). All 3 were superior to the WF, which lacked sensitivity. The dipstick assay was easy to perform and did not require sophisticated electrical equipment, and the results were available within one hour. It is therefore suitable for use in rural Thailand, where scrub typhus is common.