gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination for detection of non-cephalic presentation in late pregnancy: cross sectional analytic study (2006)

Clinical examination is not sensitive enough for detection and timely management of non-cephalic presentation.
An approach to provision of real-time driver information through changeable message signs (2003)

A computer-based freeway traffic management system for Highway 401 through Metropolitan Toronto is designed to provide greater utilization of available freeway capacity through rapid detection of incidents and the provision to motorists of real-time information on traffic and roadway conditions ahead. Through the strategic location of changeable message signs upstream of potential diversion point, and at fairly regular intervals along the freeway, a reasonable level of coverage has been achieved. The signs are controlled through a central computer system at the control center connected to each sign by a fiber-optics communications system. At an average speed of 60 km/h, motorists will be within sight of a sign at intervals of 3 to 5 min. The information conveyed is limited to the text messages and graphics which can be displayed, and the effectiveness of the information is dependent on the drivers reading the message displays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ausroc Ill/IV - Continuing Development of Australian Launch Capability (1997)

The ultimate goal of the Ausroc Program is to develop the capability to place a micro-satellite (30-50 kg) into a polar orbit. This paper explains the different norms and methods to develop launch capability in Australia.
DNA Microarray Technology (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of Microarrays and Advantages Microarray Fabrication Microarray Hybridization and Detection Microarray Image Processing Using Microarrays to Monitor Gene Expression Summary
Interpreting the numbers (1993)

… fantastic rather than rigorous, enthusiastic rather than scientifically exact. Comment about Condorcet, quoted in Duncan Black,Theory of Committees and Elections
Interfacial interactions between local defects in amorphous SiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>and supported graphene (2011)

We present a density functional study of graphene adhesion on a realistic SiO${}_{2}$ surface taking into account van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The SiO${}_{2}$ substrate is modeled at the local scale by using two main types of surface defects, typical for amorphous silica: the oxygen dangling bond and three-coordinated silicon. The results show that the nature of adhesion between graphene and its substrate is qualitatively dependent on the surface defect type. In particular, the interaction between graphene and silicon-terminated SiO${}_{2}$ originates exclusively from the vdW interaction, whereas the oxygen-terminated surface provides additional ionic contribution to the binding arising from interfacial charge transfer ($p$-type doping of graphene). Strong doping contrast for the different surface terminations provides a mechanism for the charge inhomogeneity of graphene on amorphous SiO${}_{2}$ observed in experiments. We found that independent of the considered surface morphologies, the typical electronic structure of graphene in the vicinity of the Dirac point remains unaltered in contact with the SiO${}_{2}$ substrate, which points to the absence of the covalent interactions between graphene and amorphous silica. The case of hydrogen-passivated SiO${}_{2}$ surfaces is also examined. In this situation, the binding with graphene is practically independent of the type of surface defects and arises, as expected, from the vdW interactions. Finally, the interface distances obtained are shown to be in good agreement with recent experimental studies.
Evaluation of the Effects of Multiples in Seismic Data from the Gulf Using Vertical Seismic Profiles (1993)

Abstract Surface seismic data can be affected to varying degrees by multiples. However, the exact source and true extent of these multiples are difficult to determine with surface data alone. Vertical Seismic Profiles (VSPs), in which the depth of the reflectors is known, provide a full account of the source and magnitude of multiples. These results are directly applicable to surface seismic processing and to seismic interpretation. Studies of data sets from the Gulf indicate that different types of multiples affect the seismic data. Long-period events are generated from a few strong reflectors, both shallow and deep. Their period, origin and strength can be directly determined from VSPs. Thinly-bedded, highly reflecting formations, such as the Lower Pars formation, generate short-period multiples, which can affect the shape of the wavelet. The effects of the short-period multiples can be quantified from the analysis of the downgoing VSP wavelet. It was identified that there was a significant change in the phase of the downgoing wavelet as it passed through the Lower Fars formation. With further analysis of the data, it was shown that this accounted for a two-way travel time delay about 20 msec. A mistie of this magnitude could prove critical to the interpretation of the more subtle reservoirs. A synthetic VSP was derived from a velocity model calculated from the openhole logs to confirm the effects that the short-term multiples have on the seismic wavelet. By processing the synthetic data in the same way as the measured data, it provided the analogy that short-period multiples are not only generated from within the Lower Fars, but also affect the behaviour of the downgoing wavelet. When the data was processed without the effect of multiples, there was no change in the phase of the propagating wavelet.
Enhanced field emission from carbon nanotubes by hydrogen plasma treatment (2002)

The field emission capability of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been improved by hydrogen plasma treatment, and the enhanced emission mechanism has been studied systematically using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, and transmission electron microscopy. The hydrogen concentration in the samples increases with increasing plasma treatment duration. A Cδ−–Hδ+ dipole layer may form on CNTs’ surface and a high density of defects results from the plasma treatment, which is likely to make the external surface of CNTs more active to emit electrons after treatment. In addition, the sharp edge of CNTs’ top, after removal of the catalyst particles, may increase the local electronic field more effectively. The present study suggests that hydrogen plasma treatment is a useful method for improving the field electron emission property of CNTs.
Abstract B29: Expression of BARD1 predicts outcome in colon cancer (2010)

Abstract Background: The BARD1/BRCA1 heterodimer has been implicated in several different pathways crucial for maintaining genomic integrity, DNA repair and cell survival. Complex functions have been ascribed to BARD1: It acts as a chaperone that recruits BRCA1 to the nucleus to form an ubiquitin E3 ligase complex involved in DNA repair and chromosomal stability. On the other hand, BARD1 may also promote cell survival by inhibiting BRCA1-dependent apoptosis through nuclear retention of BRCA1. Mutations in the BARD1 gene, as well as aberrant expression of BARD1 splice isoforms, have been associated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancer. Here, we assess the occurrence and role of BARD1 splice isoforms in colon cancer formation. Methods: Total RNA from primary human colon cancer samples and matched normal colon tissue was extracted and reverse transcribed. Gene specific PCR primers were designed to analyze the occurrence and pattern of BARD1 splice variants in colon cancer. Splice variants were subcloned and sequenced. Protein expression of BRCA1 and BARD1 in paraffin-embedded cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Results: mRNA analysis of primary colon cancers confirmed a specific pattern of BARD1 splice isoforms distinct from normal controls. Certain isoforms appear to be tumor specific. Full length BARD1 is upregulated in non-metastatic cancer samples compared to matched normal tissue, which is in line with its anti-apoptotic function. Interestingly, full length BARD1 is dramatically downregulated in metastatic cancer tissue supporting its role as a tumor suppressor. Immunohistochemical analysis of colon cancer samples confirmed the loss of full length BARD1 in metastatic tissues on the protein level and revealed a significant correlation (p&lt;0.05) between expression levels of BARD1 and outcome, in which low expression of BARD1 is associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest critical roles for the BRCA1 chaperone BARD1 in colon cancer formation. Alternative splice variants of BARD1 commonly occur in colon cancer tissue and expression of full-length BARD1 is differentially regulated along the cancer-metastasis axis affecting cancer outcome. We hypothesize that in colon cancer tissue, BRCA1 function critically depends on BARD1 expression. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B29
LIGHT CONTROL OF ELONGATION OF FILAMENT IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) (1990)

Abstract— In sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) it has been found that continuous white‐light during the flowering stage causes loss of protandry so that filaments do not elongate. Experiments have been carried out to test the nature of the pigment involved in the photoinhibition of elongation. The results suggest that the elongation of the filament is controlled by the phytochrome system and that a low photoequilibrium is required to obtain the response. Our results do not show light control of style elongation.
Familial idiopathic cerebral calcifications. (1977)

Nine members of a family spanning three generations showed bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia with autosomal dominant inheritance. Two members developed chorea, dementia, and a characteristic speech disturbance (palialalia) in the third or fourth decade. A third member possibly shows the initial stage of a similar syndrome. Six members with calcifications but without neurological signs are younger than 25 years. All nine patients had normal calcium and phosphorus, and no evidence of endocrinological or somatic abnormalities. Thie 'isiopathic' picture must be differentiated from hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Fast sub-pixel accuracy stereo image matching based on disparity plane (2015)

To avoid “stair-casing effect” in the disparity map when dealing with slant plane, curved surface and weak texture region, an improved fast dense stereo matching algorithm based on disparity plane estimation is proposed. First, a set of support points are extracted from the edge of the original matching images and the description images. Second, Delaunay triangulation disparity planes are calculated using all the support points. Third, the sub-pixel disparity map is computed from the best support points and parameters of the Delaunay triangulation disparity planes. Finally, experimental results show that the “stair-casing effect” caused by slant plane, curved surface and weak texture region is eliminated by using the presented method. In addition, the proposed method spends less than 600ms on a one-megapixel image averagely.
Relieving Congestion at Intermodal Marine Container Terminals: Review of Tactical/Operational Strategies (2010)

Until 2009, intermodal marine container terminals had experienced constant growth in container volumes since widespread containerized trade began. Even with the downturn in freight volumes due to recent economic conditions, forecasts are that freight volumes will rebound and will increase dramatically by 2020, resulting in substantial increases in congestion. The port industry is under pressure to develop strategies and capacity to accommodate these increasing freight volumes. Efficient gate operations are crucial to intermodal freight terminals since their impact is not isolated to the efficiency of the operations within the terminal but also extends to the road traffic on nearby freeways and access ramps. Inefficient gate operations can spill over to the surrounding roadway network causing serious safety and congestion problems, and degrading the reliability and performance of carriers, shippers, and terminal operators. Since intermodal freight terminals tend to be located in or near major cities, where right of way is limited and very expensive, implementing operational strategies to reduce the effect of the terminals truck related traffic to the surrounding roadway network becomes more important and more viable than physical capacity expansions. There is an ongoing discussion concerning the implementation of different gate operation strategies that may relieve these effects. Among the gate operation strategies being considered to relieve the impacts of congestion and delay are gate appointment systems, extended hours of operations for terminal gates, and advanced technologies for gates and terminals. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the published literature on the different gate strategies. This paper also presents existing attempts at reducing truck queues at terminal gates and improving terminal operations and traffic conditions in the vicinity of the terminals and the technologies available that support the implementation of this type of strategies.
Free fatty acid oxidation in insulin resistance and obesity. (2010)

The growing worldwide epidemic of obesity and diabetes portends a significant increase in cardiovascular disease. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, and there is growing evidence that these conditions independently increase the risk of heart failure. Changes in myocardial substrate utilization develop in obesity and insulin resistance, and are characterized by increased fatty acid oxidation and utilization, and decreased glucose utilization. This paper will review the evidence for altered myocardial fatty acid utilization in obesity and insulin resistance, review mechanisms that are responsible, and discuss the relative contributions of systemic and myocardial insulin resistance in the regulation of fatty acid utilization in the heart.
Detailed study of the composition of hydrogenated SiNx layers for high-quality silicon surface passivation (2002)

We have analyzed the role of the bond densities of a-SiNx:H films on the passivation properties at the SiNx:H/Si interface. The films are deposited onto silicon wafers by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a 13.56 MHz direct plasma system and a SiH4/N2/H2 gas mixture. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements are performed in order to obtain the bonding concentration of Si–Si, Si–H, Si–N and N–H. The passivation properties are deduced by lifetime measurements using a microwave-detected photoconductance decay technique. Carrier lifetimes of the SiNx:H-passivated silicon wafers of up to 1200 μs correlate to surface recombination velocities, Seff, as low as 4–6 cm/s. This means that the films provide excellent passivation of silicon surfaces, which is necessary for high-efficiency solar cells. The Si–H bond density and the total bond density are considered as measures of the passivation quality. Models for the formation of K+ centers and for the passivation pathways during the plasma deposition are proposed. The addition of a further hydrogen source to the plasma gas (H2) leads to a better defect passivation of Si dangling bonds during the deposition.
<i>C‐myc</i> oncogene expression: A marker for females at risk of breast carcinoma (1993)

In an attempt to identify patients at risk of breast cancer, 9E 10 c-myc monoclonal antibody was used to detect the oncogene products in 64 breast tissue biopsies. There were 44 specimens of benign breast disorders: 21 from patients who developed subsequent breast cancer, and 23 from patients who did not. The remainder were malignant tumor biopsies from those who developed breast cancer. C-myc over-expression was identified in 12 (60%) of the breast carcinomas; it was also noted in 13 (62%) of the benign biopsies from patients who developed subsequent breast carcinoma. Expression was observed in only 3 (13%) controls--patients who did not develop cancer. A prospective study is now warranted to determine the clinical usefulness of our findings.
Reconciliation of Coding at Different Layers of a Network (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Transport Coding in a Network with Unreliable Channels Reconciliation of Channel and Transport Coding Use of Tornado Codes for Reconciliation of Channel and Transport Coding Development of Coding Methods at the Presentation Layer Reconciliation of Coding at Neighbour Layers of a Network
Rendering of Virtual Volumetric Shapes Using an Electromagnetic-Based Haptic Interface (2018)

Mid-Air haptic devices have become an active area of research because of their potential impact to augmented/virtual reality. In this work, we develop an electromagnetic-based haptic interface to provide controlled magnetic forces on a wearable orthopedic finger splint with a single magnetic dipole. We model the electromagnetic forces exerted on the finger splint, optimize the design of the electromagnetic coils, and develop an impedance-type haptic rendering algorithm using position feedback. This rendering algorithm capitalizes on minimizing the error between the exerted magnetic force and the desired constraint force of a virtual three-dimensional (3D)object based on the position of the finger splint. In order to investigate the influence of incorporating position feedback, we conduct a comparative study for the same group of participants with (Case I)and without (Case II)position feedback. Our experimental results show that position feedback enables participants to achieve success rate of 66.87 ± 15.0% (n=160) in distinguishing between the geometry of four 3D virtual objects. This rate is decreased to 55.15±15.8% (n=160) in the absence of position feedback. Our analysis shows statistical evidence to conclude that the mean success rate for Case I is greater than that of Case II, at α = 0.1 and 90% confidence level.
Identification of a Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (TGF-β1/BMP4) Response Element within the Mouse Tissue Transglutaminase Gene Promoter (1998)

Tissue transglutaminase is a calcium-dependent, protein cross-linking enzyme that is highly expressed in cells undergoing apoptosis. The expression of tissue transglutaminase is regulated by a variety of molecules including retinoids, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Retinoid and interleukin-6 inductions of tissue transglutaminase expression are mediated by specific cis-regulatory elements located within the first 4.0 kilobase pairs of the promoter of the gene. The present studies were designed to identify the molecular mechanisms mediating the regulation of tissue transglutaminase gene expression by TGF-beta family members. Transient transfection of Mv1Lu cells with transglutaminase promoter constructs demonstrated that 0.2 nM TGF-beta1 maximally induced the activation of the promoter through a 10-base pair TGF-beta1 response element (TRE; GAGTTGGTGC) located 868 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. This same element mediated an inhibitory activity of TGF-beta1 on the transglutaminase promoter in MC3T3 E1 cells. The TRE through which TGF-beta1-regulated the activity of the transglutaminase promoter was necessary and sufficient for bone morphogenetic protein 2- (BMP) and BMP4-dependent inhibition of the tissue transglutaminase promoter. The TGF-beta1, BMP2, and BMP4 regulation of the transglutaminase promoter activity was similar to the responses we observed for the endogenous transglutaminase activity of Mv1Lu and MC3T3 E1 cells. For BMP2 and BMP4, this regulation was paralleled by a decrease in tissue transglutaminase mRNA in MC3T3 E1 cells. The results of these experiments suggest that TGF-beta1, BMP2, and BMP4 regulation of mouse tissue transglutaminase gene expression requires a composite TRE located in the 5'-flanking DNA.
Effects of degree of hydrolysis and shear on gelation reaction kinetics and gel strength. [Polyacrylamides] (1991)

Gelation tests were conducted to investigate the effect of the degree of hydrolysis on gelation reaction kinetics and gel strength using four low-molecular-weight polyacrylamides (MW = 400,000 daltons), which were 10% (HPAM1-10), 20% (HPAM1-20), 30% (HAPM1-30), and 40% (HPAM-40) hydrolyzed, and Cr-3 (pH = 4.8) and Al-3 (pH = 7.0) crosslinkers. Results showed that for polymer/Cr-3 gel systems, samples prepared with a low-molecular-weight polyacrylamide polymer, which was 20% hydrolyzed, gelled at a faster rate and retained higher gel strength than those prepared with a low-molecular-weight polyacrylamide polymer, which was 10% hydrolyzed. Under the screening condition, no viscosity enhancement was observed in samples prepared with polymers having a degree of hydrolysis equal to or greater than 30%. For polymer/Al-3 gel systems, samples prepared with a low-molecular-weight polyacrylamide polymer, which was 20% hydrolyzed, gelled at the fastest rate and retained the strongest gel strength among the polymer/Al-3 gel systems prepared with four low-molecular-weight polyacrylamide polymers, which were 10, 20, 30, and 40% hydrolyzed, respectively. Gelation tests of gel systems in glass bead packs showed that high shear favored the gelation of a gel system that had a fast rate of gelation, but had an adverse effect on the gelation of three gel systems that had a slow rate of gelation. Weak gels were found to be injectable through porous media. Weak gels were degradable under high shear condition and regained viscosity under low shear conditions. 17 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Research on the Authentication in Cloud Computing (2012)

We analyze the security-credentials-based authentication and the single sign-on-based federated authentication, and make a comparison among the popular schemes. In addition, we present some methods and suggestions to improve the authentication mechanisms in cloud computing.
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS: Biochemistry and Physiological Ecology (2005)

▪ Abstract Oxidative stress—the production and accumulation of reduced oxygen intermediates such as superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals—can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. Many disease processes of clinical interest and the aging process involve oxidative stress in their underlying etiology. The production of reactive oxygen species is also prevalent in the world's oceans, and oxidative stress is an important component of the stress response in marine organisms exposed to a variety of insults as a result of changes in environmental conditions such as thermal stress, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or exposure to pollution. As in the clinical setting, reactive oxygen species are also important signal transduction molecules and mediators of damage in cellular processes, such as apoptosis and cell necrosis, for marine organisms. This review brings together the voluminous literature on the biochemistry and physiology of oxidative stress from the clinical and plant physiology disciplines with the fast-increasing interest in oxidative stress in marine environments.
Eco‐balances: The Migros Model (1991)

Switzerland′s largest retailer′s environmental programme to reduce the environmental burden of packaging is outlined. It is based on a system of eco‐balances – analyses from a narrow range of criteria of strictly quantifiable measurements of energy use, air and water consumption in raw material extraction and production, carbon dioxide emissions and landfill volumes.
Review (1908)

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