gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Algorithm for Adaptive Autoreclosure and Protection of Medium-Voltage Overhead Lines (2004)

In this paper, a new numerical algorithm for medium-voltage overhead lines, autoreclosure, is described. The subfunction of the autoreclosure scheme that would inhibit the first shot after detecting a solid fault (as compared with an arc fault) is evaluated and presented. It is based on one terminal data processing and it is derived in the time domain. In the algorithm the fault nature (arcing or arcless fault) is estimated using linear least error squares estimation technique. The arc, occurring on the fault point during arcing faults on overhead lines, is included in the problem consideration. In addition, by introducing the prefault load current in the existing model, better algorithm performances and a more reliable adaptive algorithm for autoreclosure are achieved. The algorithm is derived for the case of three-phase symmetrical fault. The results of the algorithm testing through computer simulation are presented. Particularly the algorithm sensitivity to arc elongation effects, supplying network parameters, and processing of the signals in the presence of harmonics are tested and analyzed.
A Note on Rhizobium Inoculation of Beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) using the Fluid Drill Technique (1978)

SUMMARY The conventional method of inoculating Phaseolus vulgaris with Rhizobium phaseoli , using a peat carrier and dry seeds, was compared with a method using a slurry inoculation of germinating seeds, which were subsequently sown with a fluid drill. The mean number of nodules per plant 28 days after sowing was 0·64 (uninoculated control), 2·14 (dry seed), and 7·0 (fluid drill), differences between treatments being significant at P=0·01. Two varieties included in the experiment gave similar responses, and it is concluded that the fluid drill technique has a useful potential as a method of ensuring good inoculation of legume seedlings.
Simulating Replica Exchange: Markov State Models, Proposal Schemes, and the Infinite Swapping Limit (2016)

Replica exchange molecular dynamics is a multicanonical simulation technique commonly used to enhance the sampling of solvated biomolecules on rugged free energy landscapes. While replica exchange is relatively easy to implement, there are many unanswered questions about how to use this technique most efficiently, especially because it is frequently the case in practice that replica exchange simulations are not fully converged. A replica exchange cycle consists of a series of molecular dynamics steps of a set of replicas moving under different Hamiltonians or at different thermodynamic states followed by one or more replica exchange attempts to swap replicas among the different states. How the replica exchange cycle is constructed affects how rapidly the system equilibrates. We have constructed a Markov state model of replica exchange (MSMRE) using long molecular dynamics simulations of a host-guest binding system as an example, in order to study how different implementations of the replica exchange cycle can affect the sampling efficiency. We analyze how the number of replica exchange attempts per cycle, the number of MD steps per cycle, and the interaction between the two parameters affects the largest implied time scale of the MSMRE simulation. The infinite swapping limit is an important concept in replica exchange. We show how to estimate the infinite swapping limit from the diagonal elements of the exchange transition matrix constructed from MSMRE "simulations of simulations" as well as from relatively short runs of the actual replica exchange simulations.
Culture and life: The system is rigged (2016)

Donald Trump was right: the system is rigged! But it is rigged for the Republicans, not the Democrats, for conservatives, not progressives. And the result is the election of an extreme racist, misogynist authoritarian who may change the course of US and even world history.
Discrimination of biofilm samples using pattern recognition techniques (2007)

Biofilms are complex aggregates formed by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae, which grow at the interfaces between water and natural or artificial materials. They are actively involved in processes of sorption and desorption of metal ions in water and reflect the environmental conditions in the recent past. Therefore, biofilms can be used as bioindicators of water quality. The goal of this study was to determine whether the biofilms, developed in different aquatic systems, could be successfully discriminated using data on their elemental compositions. Biofilms were grown on natural or polycarbonate materials in flowing water, standing water and seawater bodies. Using an unsupervised technique such as principal component analysis (PCA) and several supervised methods like classification and regression trees (CART), discriminant partial least squares regression (DPLS) and uninformative variable elimination-DPLS (UVE-DPLS), we could confirm the uniqueness of sea biofilms and make a distinction between flowing water and standing water biofilms. The CART, DPLS and UVE-DPLS discriminant models were validated with an independent test set selected either by the Kennard and Stone method or the duplex algorithm. The best model was obtained from CART with 100% correct classification rate for the test set designed by the Kennard and Stone algorithm. With CART, one variable describing the Mg content in the biofilm water phase was found to be important for the discrimination of flowing water and standing water biofilms.
A PVM Executive Program for Use With RELAP5-3D© (2002)

A PVM executive program has been developed for use with the RELAP5-3D© computer program. The PVM executive allows RELAP5-3D© to be coupled with any number of other computer programs to perform integrated analyses of nuclear power reactor systems and related experimental facilities. The executive program manages all phases of a coupled computation. It starts up and configures a virtual machine, spawns all of the coupled processes, coordinates the time step size between the coupled codes, manages the production of printed and plotable output, and shuts the virtual machine down at the end of the computation. The executive program also monitors that status of the coupled computation, repeating time steps as needed and terminating a coupled computation gracefully if one of the coupled processes is terminated by the computational node on which it is executing.
Availability and Use of Health Research Information in and for Lowand Middle-Income Developing Countries - Manila Declaration (2016)

Abstract not availableJ Enam Med Col 2016; 6(1): 4-5
Methodological issues and research recommendations for mild traumatic brain injury: the who collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury (2004)

The WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury performed a comprehensive search and critical review of the literature published between 1980 and 2002 to assemble the best evidence on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury. Of 743 relevant studies, 313 were accepted on scientific merit and comprise our best-evidence synthesis. The current literature on mild traumatic brain injury is of variable quality and we report the most common methodological flaws. We make recommendations for avoiding the shortcomings evident in much of the current literature and identify topic areas in urgent need of further research. This includes the need for large, well-designed studies to support evidence-based guidelines for emergency room triage of children with mild traumatic brain injury and to explore more fully the issue of prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury in the elderly population. We also advocate use of standard criteria for defining mild traumatic brain injury and propose a definition.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis- (NASH-) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2018)

The proportion of obese or diabetic population has been anticipated to increase in the upcoming decades, which rises the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recent evidence indicates that NASH is the main cause of chronic liver diseases and it is an important risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the literature addressing NASH-HCC is growing rapidly, limited data is available about the etiology of NASH-related HCC. Experimental studies on the molecular mechanism of HCC development in NASH reveal that the carcinogenesis is relevant to complex changes in signaling pathways that mediate cell proliferation and energy metabolism. Genetic or epigenetic modifications and alterations in metabolic, immunologic, and endocrine pathways have been shown to be closely related to inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis in NASH along with its subsequent progression to HCC. In this review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge of NASH-related HCC development and emphasize molecular signaling pathways regarding their mechanism of action in NASH-derived HCC.
The MOOC Misstep and the Open Education Infrastructure (2015)

This chapter explores the damage done to the idea of 'open' by Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as well as the damage done to the idea of 'ownership' by modern content companies. It then advocates for a return to a strengthened idea of 'open' that ameliorates both problems. The idea that someone, somewhere believes that open education means 'open entry to fully copyrighted courses with draconian terms of use' is beyond tragic. Consequently, after a decade of progress has been reversed by MOOCs, advocates of open education once again find ourselves fighting uphill to establish and advance the idea of 'open'. More recently, Mozilla has created and shared an open credentialing infrastructure through their open badges work. But little has been done to champion the cause of openness in the areas of competencies and assessments. Finally, it describes an open education infrastructure on which the future of educational innovation depends.
A Proactive Cloud Management Architecture for Private Clouds (2013)

Operation management for a private cloud infrastructure faces many challenges including efficient resource allocation, load-balancing, and quick response to real-time workload changes. Traditional manual IT operation management is inadequate for this highly dynamic and complex environment. This work presents a distributed service architecture which is designed to provide an automated, shared, off-site operation management service for private clouds. The service architecture incorporates important concepts such as: Metric Templates for minimising the network overhead for transmission of cloud metrics, a Cloud Snapshot that provides a global view of the current status of the cloud, supporting optimal decision making, and a Calendar-based Data Storage Model to reduce the storage required for cloud metric data and increase analysis performance. A proactive response to cloud events is generated based on statistical analysis of historical metrics and predicted usage. The architecture, functional components and operation management strategies are described. A prototype implementation of the proposed architecture was deployed as a service on the IBM SmartCloud. The effectiveness and usability of the proposed proactive operation management solution has been comprehensively evaluated using a simulated private cloud with dynamic workloads.
Object-Oriented Networking (2015)

We propose the object-oriented networking (OON) framework, for meeting the generalized interconnection, mobility and technology integration requirements underlining the Internet. In OON, the various objects that need to be accessed through the Internet (content, smart things, services, people, etc.) are viewed as network layer resources, rather than as application layer resources as in the IP communications model. By abstracting them as computing objects -with attributes and methods- they are identified by expressive, discoverable names, while data are exchanged between them in the context of their methods, based on suitably defined system-specific names. An OON-enabled Internet is not only a global data delivery medium but also a universal object discovery and service development platform; service-level interactions can be realized through native network means, without requiring standardized protocols. OON can be realized through existing software-defined networking or network functions virtualization technologies and it can be deployed in an incremental fashion.
Approximate Newton methods for policy search in Markov decision processes (2016)

Approximate Newton methods are standard optimization tools which aim to maintain the benefits of Newton's method, such as a fast rate of convergence, while alleviating its drawbacks, such as computationally expensive calculation or estimation of the inverse Hessian. In this work we investigate approximate Newton methods for policy optimization in Markov decision processes (MDPs). We first analyse the structure of the Hessian of the total expected reward, which is a standard objective function for MDPs. We show that, like the gradient, the Hessian exhibits useful structure in the context of MDPs and we use this analysis to motivate two Gauss-Newton methods for MDPs. Like the Gauss- Newton method for non-linear least squares, these methods drop certain terms in the Hessian. The approximate Hessians possess desirable properties, such as negative definiteness, and we demonstrate several important performance guarantees including guaranteed ascent directions, invariance to affine transformation of the parameter space and convergence guarantees. We finally provide a unifying perspective of key policy search algorithms, demonstrating that our second Gauss- Newton algorithm is closely related to both the EM-algorithm and natural gradient ascent applied to MDPs, but performs significantly better in practice on a range of challenging domains.
Channel Type Secondary Electron Multiplier (1970)

抵抗体連続ダイノードを用いたチャネル二次電子増倍管の未飽和動作ならびに飽和動作の理論解析および実験報告を, 平行平板形チャネルの場合を中心に概観し, それを基に, チャネル二次電子増倍管の設計法を紹介する.さらに, チャネル内の電界が, チャネル軸に対し傾斜した場合, すなわち, 傾斜電界形の動作解析にもふれ, それに基づいたトロホ形二次電子増倍管を紹介する.またパルス動作や応用例についても述べる.
Target Sequence Polymorphism of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene and Its Association with Cancer Risk: A Review (2008)

In normal state of a cell, endogenous antioxidant enzyme system maintains the level of reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [SOD; manganese SOD (MnSOD) or SOD2] neutralizes highly reactive superoxide radical (O(*-)(2)), the first member in the plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. A polymorphism in the target sequence of MnSOD enzyme, Val(16)Ala, is known to disrupt proper targeting of the enzyme from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix where it acts on O(*-)(2) to dismutate it to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). A change in the level of O(*-)(2) and of H(2)O(2) in mitochondria modulates the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, cellular adhesion, and cell proliferation and thus play key role in cancer development. Previous studies investigating the association between MnSOD Val(16)Ala polymorphism and cancer risk have revealed inconsistent results. We conducted a meta-analysis on these studies. Our meta-analysis on total of 7,366 cancer cases and 9,102 controls from 13 published case-control studies showed no overall association of this polymorphism either with breast cancer risk or for cancer risk as such (for Ala homozygous odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.07 and odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.14, respectively). Also, there was no major effect in either recessive or dominant model for the MnSOD Val(16)Ala. However, a proper evaluation of this polymorphism with cancer link demands experiments involving large sample size, cross-tabulation of gene-gene, gene-environment interactions, and linkage studies, as cell biological experiments clearly correlate critical levels of mitochondrial O(*-)(2) and H(2)O(2) to carcinogenesis.
The Development of a RTD Temperature Sensor for Exhaust Applications (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A RTD (resistive temperature device) high temperature sensor was developed for exhaust gas temperature measurement. Extensive modeling and optimization was used to supplement testing in development. The sensor was developed to be capable of withstanding harsh environments (-40° to 1000°C), typical of engine applications, including poisons, while maintaining high accuracy (&lt; 0.5% drift after 500 hrs of aging at 950°C). The following sensor characteristics are presented: resistance-temperature curve, accuracy, response time, and long-term durability. In addition, a system error analysis program was developed with representative results.</div>
Consanguineous marriages in Jordan: why is the rate changing with time? (2005)

The objective of this study was to explore the secular trend in consanguinity in Jordan and the subtypes of consanguineous marriages that may be undergoing a change. A total of 1032 individuals attending a diabetic clinic in Amman were interviewed. The questionnaire provided information on consanguinity status and date of marriage among three generations: the persons interviewed, their parents, parents of their spouses and their offspring. Data on consanguinity status among 5401 marriages was obtained. Generations were named generation 1 for marriages contracted before 1950, generation 2 for marriages contracted between 1950 and 1979, and generation 3 for marriages contracted after 1980. For generations 1, 2, and 3, first-cousin marriages constituted 20.2, 28.5 and 19.5% of all marriages, respectively, while the subtype of paternal parallel first-cousin marriages constituted 75.6, 60.3 and 43.3% of all first-cousin marriages, respectively. The offspring of first-cousin parents were significantly more prone to marry their relatives than the offspring of non-consanguineous parents, with rates of first-cousin marriages among offspring of first-cousin parents and non-related parents constituting 25.3 and 17.1% of all marriages, respectively. For generations 1, 2 and 3, the average coefficient of inbreeding was 0.0135, 0.02 and 0.0142, respectively. In conclusion, first-cousin marriage rate among a representative population from Amman showed a significant decline among marriages contracted after 1980 compared to marriages contracted between 1950 and 1979, but not to marriages contracted before 1950. The proportion of paternal parallel first cousins among first-cousin marriages showed a steady decline from one generation to the next.
H-ZSM-5 Zeolite Synthesis by Sourcing Silica from the Wheat Husk Ash: Characterization and Application as a Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Transformations including Some Multicomponent Reactions (2015)

ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by sourcing silica from wheat husk ash and was converted into its protonated form following careful, conventionally accepted ion-exchange method and calcinations. The H-ZSM-5 zeolite (Si/Al ratio = 30) prepared was appropriately characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TG-DTA, CV, and so forth, and evaluated as recyclable catalyst in selective organic transformations including three- and four-component reactions. The catalytic activity of the zeolite sample supposedly relates to increased density of the accessible acid sites.
Nucleic Acid Precursor Requirements of Mycoplasma laidlawii (1962)

SUMMARY: The nucleic acid precursor requirements of Mycoplasma laidlawii strain A were determined by using a partially defined medium. Adenine, guanosine and cytidine were found to be the minimal growth requirements. However, best growth was obtained with undegraded RNA or oligoribo-nucleotides. Thymidine was not essential for growth when folinic acid was present in the medium; folic acid was completely inactive. M. laidlawii utilized the 2#and 3#-ribonucleotides most poorly. The dephosphorylation of these mononucleotides to nucleosides rendered them growth promoting.
A new titanium (IV) complex bearing phenoxyimine‐fluorene ligand and its use as catalyst for ethylene homo‐ and copolymerization (2010)

Abstract A new titanium (IV) complex bearing phenoxyimine‐fluorene ligand was prepared and its behaviors in ethylene homo‐ and copolymerization with 1‐hexene, 1‐octene, and norbornene in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) were studied respectively. The effects of various polymerization conditions including polymerization temperature, ethylene pressure and the concentration of comonomer on the catalytic activities and properties of the resultant polymer were investigated. The broad molecular weight distribution of resulting polymer indicated that the multiple active species were formed during polymerization. Such complex showed good catalytic activities in ethylene homo‐ and copolymerizations and good capabilities of incorporating various comonomers into polyethylene backbone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1617–1621, 2010
Staying precise on ice (1997)

Precision ice skating presents particular issues for the sport psychology consultant due to the lack of on-ice training and competition. Mental skill training such as effective mental imagery and self confidence will assist in preparing for future success. (non- author abstract)
Recent advances in coherent optical communication (2009)

Recent progress in coherent optical communication, a field revived by advances in digital signal processing (DSP), is reviewed. DSP-based phase and polarization management techniques make coherent detection robust and practical. With coherent detection, the complex field of the received signal is fully recovered, allowing compensation of linear impairments including chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion using digital filters. In addition, fiber nonlinearities can also be compensated by using backward propagation in the digital domain.
Statik: an incremental compiler generator (2015)

This paper introduces “statik”, a C++ software library for automatically generating fully-incremental compilers. Given a grammar for any phase of a compilation process (e.g. lexer, parser, code-generator), the library provides a top-down chart parser that accepts incremental changes to a linked-list of input for that compilation phase, and emits the corresponding changes as a linked-list of output. The output of one phase can be chained as input to another, so that a whole compiler can be constructed as a pipeline of an arbitrary number of compilation phases. This can be used as an incremental mapping between character-by-character edits anywhere in an input source file through to the resulting changes in the compiled object code, with minimal recomputation of intermediary state. Statik is released as Free software, and is available under the GPLv3+ license at http://statik.rocks.
Thermoregulatory responses of rats to varying environmental temperatures. (1984)

The peripheral (tail) circulatory responses of six male albino rats were measured at ambient temperatures between 5 and 40 degrees C, using impedance plethysmography. Each animal was anesthetized, instrumented, and placed in a thermal environmental chamber to reach equilibrium. Tail blood flow, respiration rate, heart rate, core temperature, and tail skin temperature were then monitored at each ambient temperature. The mean tail blood flow was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 5 degrees C than at 10 degrees C. The mean blood flow increased significantly (p less than 0.01) at each of the temperatures above 10 degrees C. Tail skin temperature and internal body (core) temperature increased significantly with increasing ambient temperature.