gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgical and interventional robotics: part III [Tutorial] (2008)

Part I of this tutorial described two broad paradigms of interventional assistance: surgical computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and surgical assistance. Part II focused on the underlying concepts of surgical CAD/CAM, with a particular emphasis on percutaneous procedures. This final installment of our three-part tutorial series discusses surgical assistance. In this section, we introduce the basic concepts of a surgical workstation and briefly review several core robotic technologies used in surgicalworkstations
Binding Site for C4b-Binding Protein in Vitamin K-Dependent Protein S Fully Contained in Carboxy-Terminal Laminin-G-type Repeats. A Study Using Recombinant Factor IX-Protein S Chimeras and Surface Plasmon Resonance (1997)

The interaction between vitamin K-dependent protein S and the C4b-binding protein (C4BP) was studied using surface plasmon resonance and genetic engineering. The affinity, as well as association and dissociation rates of the complex, was measured for human and bovine protein S at five different calcium concentrations. The binding to C4BP of six protein hybrids containing different parts of coagulation factor IX and protein S was studied in the absence and presence of calcium. The results show that dissociation of the human protein S-C4BP complex is extremely slow in the presence of > or = 10 microM calcium (k(off) = 7 x 10(-6) s(-1)) and the association rate constant is k(on) = 7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). Human and bovine protein S were found to bind to human C4BP with the same affinity, K(D) = 0.1 nM, but the rates of association and dissociation were higher for the bovine protein S (k(on) = 2 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), k(off) = 2 x 10(-5) s(-1)). In the absence of calcium, the affinity for C4BP was reduced by a factor of 65 for human protein S and by a factor of 40 for bovine protein S. The decreased affinity could be mainly attributed to an increased off-rate (12-17-fold), while the on-rate decreased 3-4-fold. The studies using chimeric proteins show that the portion of protein S that is responsible for binding to C4BP is fully contained in the two laminin-G-type repeats, which are homologous to the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). All hybrids that contain the laminin-G-type repeats bind to C4BP with the same affinity as recombinant protein S, whereas hybrids lacking these repeats show no detectable binding to C4BP. The present data also suggest that the effect of calcium on the C4BP-binding properties is mediated by calcium binding site(s) in the laminin-G-type repeats.
Generation of a Stand‐Alone Tryptophan Synthase α‐Subunit by Mimicking an Evolutionary Blueprint (2019)

The αββα tryptophan synthase (TS), which is part of primary metabolism, is a paradigm for allosteric communication in multienzyme complexes. In particular, the intrinsically low catalytic activity of the α-subunit TrpA is stimulated several hundredfold through the interaction with the β-subunit TrpB1. The BX1 protein from Zea mays (zmBX1), which is part of secondary metabolism, catalyzes the same reaction as that of its homologue TrpA, but with high activity in the absence of an interaction partner. The intrinsic activity of TrpA can be significantly increased through the exchange of several active-site loop residues, which mimic the corresponding loop in zmBX1. The subsequent identification of activating amino acids in the generated "stand-alone" TrpA contributes to an understanding of allostery in TS. Moreover, findings suggest an evolutionary trajectory that describes the transition from a primary metabolic enzyme regulated by an interaction partner to a self-reliant, stand-alone, secondary metabolic enzyme.
Molecular salts of urocanic acid and <scp>L</scp>-histidine (2017)

Urocanic acid (UA), an intermediate of L-Histidine (LH) catabolism, is a natural sunscreen and photoprotectant against UV-B induced DNA damage.UA exists as a hydrated zwitterion in the crystalline state, unlike its precursor L-Histidine which is an anhydrate, and interestingly, no multi-component crystal forms of UA are reported.In our endeavour to understand the subtle factors that govern the co-crystallization behavior of structurally related molecules, UA and LH have been selected for extensive co-crystallization studies with hydroxybenzoic acids.It is noteworthy that UA prefers to form anhydrous molecular salts while LH results in salts which are hydrated!Based on the single crystal structural analysis it has been clearly illustrated that the presence of an additional amine group in LH which anticipates an auxiliary hydrogen bond for a stable supramolecular assembly, a moiety like water which hydrates the compound would be preferred.In this context, the role of ortho-hydroxy group and symmetrically substituted hydroxy groups in the formation and/or non-formation (in certain cases) of UA and LH molecular salts is analysed.In addition, we also report the first ever guest-free (anhydrous form) structure of native UA and studied its hydration/dehydration property.The formation of anhydrous salts in hydrated UA and hydrated salts in anhydrous LH have been explored.
Field Test Program for Long-Term Operation of a COHPAC System for Removing Mercury from Coal-Fired Flue Gas (2006)

With the Nation's coal-burning utilities facing the possibility of tighter controls on mercury pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy is funding projects that could offer power plant operators better ways to reduce these emissions at much lower costs. Sorbent injection technology represents one of the simplest and most mature approaches to controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired boilers. It involves injecting a solid material such as powdered activated carbon into the flue gas. The gas-phase mercury in the flue gas contacts the sorbent and attaches to its surface. The sorbent with the mercury attached is then collected by the existing particle control device along with the other solid material, primarily fly ash. During 2001, ADA Environmental Solutions (ADA-ES) conducted a full-scale demonstration of sorbent-based mercury control technology at the Alabama Power E.C. Gaston Station (Wilsonville, Alabama). This unit burns a low-sulfur bituminous coal and uses a hot-side electrostatic precipitator (ESP) in combination with a Compact Hybrid Particulate Collector (COHPAC{reg_sign}) baghouse to collect fly ash. The majority of the fly ash is collected in the ESP with the residual being collected in the COHPAC{reg_sign} baghouse. Activated carbon was injected between the ESP and COHPAC{reg_sign} units to collect the mercury. Short-term mercury removal levels in excess of 90% were achieved using the COHPAC{reg_sign} unit. The test also showed that activated carbon was effective in removing both forms of mercury-elemental and oxidized. However, a great deal of additional testing is required to further characterize the capabilities and limitations of this technology relative to use with baghouse systems such as COHPAC{reg_sign}. It is important to determine performance over an extended period of time to fully assess all operational parameters. The project described in this report focuses on fully demonstrating sorbent injection technology at a coal-fired power generating plant that is equipped with a COHPAC{reg_sign} system. The overall objective is to evaluate the long-term effects of sorbent injection on mercury capture and COHPAC{reg_sign} performance. The work is being done on one-half of the gas stream at Alabama Power Company's Plant Gaston Unit 3 (nominally 135 MW). Data from the testing will be used to determine: (1) If sorbent injection into a high air-to-cloth ratio baghouse is a viable, long-term approach for mercury control; and (2) Design criteria and costs for new baghouse/sorbent injection systems that will use a similar, polishing baghouse (TOXECON{trademark}) approach.
Return to Work After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Patients 55 Years and Younger at Average 5-Year Follow-up (2018)

As the number of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties performed on younger patients continues to grow, return to work after surgery becomes increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty to return patients 55 years or younger to work postoperatively. A retrospective review was performed of consecutive anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty patients. Inclusion criteria were age 55 years or younger at surgery, greater than 2 years of follow-up, and employment within 3 years of surgery. Employment was stratified by intensity of work (sedentary, light, moderate, or heavy). Return to work status and time out of work were also evaluated. Fifty-two patients worked before surgery. Average age was 48.4 years, with average follow-up of 5.4 years. Seventy-three percent were male, and average body mass index was 28.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Average visual analog scale score improved from 5.5 to 0.9 (P<.0001) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society score improved from 39.9 to 88.3 (P<.0001). Forty-eight (92%) of 52 returned to work postoperatively after an average of 2.1 months. When stratified by intensity, all patients with sedentary, light, or moderate work returned, whereas 64% returned to heavy work (P<.01). Eighty-seven percent were satisfied to very satisfied after surgery. In summary, most patients (92%) who undergo anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty at 55 years or younger return to work, on average, 2.1 months after surgery. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(3):e310-e315.].
Multiply constant weight codes (2013)

The function M(m, n, d, w), the largest size of an unrestricted binary code made of m by n arrays, with constant row weight w, and minimum distance d is introduced and compared to the classical functions of combinatorial coding theory A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> (n, d) and A(n, d, w). The analogues for systematic codes of A(n, d) and A(n, d, w) are introduced apparently for the first time. An application to the security of embedded systems is given: these codes happen to be efficient challenges for physically unclonable functions.
Connective tissue growth factor induces hepatic progenitor cells to differentiate into hepatocytes (2013)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in the proliferation of hepatic progenitors, however, little is known concerning the mechanism(s) through which it influences their differentiation. The differentiation of hepatic progenitors (WB-F344), either stimulated with recombinant CTGF or stably transfected with a CTGF overexpression plasmid, was investigated. Expression of the differentiation markers α-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB) and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) was assessed. To confirm the effects of CTGF on progenitor differentiation, cells were treated with an inhibitor (WP631) of CTGF. Treatment of WB-F344 cells with recombinant CTGF for 24 h did not change the survival rate significantly, but the progenitors were enlarged with a decreased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. CTGF downregulated the expression of the fetal hepatocyte marker, AFP, while it upregulated the mature hepatocyte cell marker, ALB. The effect of CTGF overexpression plasmid on WB-F344 cell differentiation was consistent with a pattern of direct CTGF stimulation, including decreased AFP and increased ALB expression. Furthermore, the suppression of CTGF induction by an inhibitor was associated with significant inhibition of hepatic progenitor cell differentiation into hepatocytes. Importantly, we showed that differentiated WB-F344 cells by CTGF had in vitro functions characteristic of hepatocytes, including ALB production, glycogen storage and cytochrome P450 activity. Both recombinant CTGF and the CTGF overexpression plasmid induced hepatic progenitor differentiation into hepatocytes. This was suppressed by the CTGF inhibitor.
The relationship between magnetic resonance diffusion imaging and autoradiographic markers of cerebral blood flow and hypoxia in an animal stroke model (1999)

This study examined the relationship between magnetic resonance diffusion imaging and autoradiographic markers of cerebral blood flow (99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime) and cerebral hypoxia (125I-iodoazomycin arabinoside) in a rat model of stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat was performed using an intraluminal suture approach. Diffusion, hypoxia, and blood flow maps were acquired 2 hr following occlusion, and were compared with T2 images and histology at 7 hr. Two hours following middle cerebral artery occlusion the lesion distributions from the diffusion maps and hypoxic autoradiographs were similar. The blood flow threshold for increased uptake of the hypoxic marker was approximately 34 +/- 7% of the normal flow. The combination of diffusion or hypoxic images with perfusion maps allowed differentiation between four regions: 1) normal tissue; 2) a region of decreased perfusion but normal diffusion and normal uptake of hypoxic marker; 3) a region of decreased perfusion, decreased diffusion and increased uptake of hypoxic marker; 4) a region of decreased perfusion, decreased diffusion and low uptake of hypoxic marker. The areas for increased uptake of hypoxic marker and decreased diffusion are equivalent, indicating similar blood flow thresholds. Regions of oligaemic misery perfusion, ischaemic misery perfusion and lesion core may be delineated with the combination of diffusion or hypoxic images and perfusion maps.
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis: A Biomechanical Analysis of the Rotational Stability of the Biomet Ankle Arthrodesis Nail (2001)

We hypothesized that the posterior-to-anterior (PA) calcaneal interlocking screw of the Biomet Ankle Arthrodesis Nail would increase rotational stability secondary to increased bone purchase compared with the standard lateral-to-medial (transverse) screw. Each of 10 fresh human cadaver lower limbs (five matched pairs) were stabilized with a nail inserted retrograde through the calcaneus, talus, and tibia according to standard technique. One limb of each pair was fixed with a transverse calcaneal screw; the contralateral limb, with a PA calcaneal screw. Each limb was then subjected to torsional testing on an MTS Mini Bionix load frame. The PA screw construct was significantly stiffer than the transverse screw construct: 1.96 and 1.41 Nm/E, respectively (P < 0.036).
Neurological Reorganization After Brain Injury: Stimulation by Robotic Therapy (2007)

Research involving cortical reorganization has shown that the brain compensates for injury by reorganizing itself far more extensively than previously thought possible. These recent discoveries have used histopathology, microelectrode stimulation of cortical regions, elimination of afferent signals, and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain neuroplasticity. Basic science discoveries have encouraged the development of new therapy methods for neurologically injured people. It was found that engaging neuroplastic mechanisms is facilitated by intense, focused physical therapy. To provide efficient use of therapist time during time-consuming task training sessions, several device-oriented approaches have been explored to facilitate improvement in movement capability among patients after stroke or other neurological injury. Several devices are described that encourage patients with neurological damage and challenge patients to improve their function by repetitively performing increasingly more difficult tasks. As histopathological staining and imaging methods improve and neuroplasticity mechanisms are better understood, new therapies will be developed. (The J Histotechnol 30:229, 2007)Submitted September 9, 2007; accepted with modifications October 8, 2007
Uncoupling of the order of the S and M phases: effects of staurosporine on human cell cycle kinases (1997)

The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (SSP) was employed to study the involvement of kinases in human cell cycle progression. Thirty to 100 ng/ml SSP blocks entry into S phase and M phase. Lack of entry into S phase is due to impaired activity of the retinoblastoma protein kinase. The requirement for any of the SSP-sensitive kinases for cell cycle progression can be abrogated in tumour cells. Therefore, these kinases act in a checkpoint network negatively controlling the initiation of S phase, M phase and cytokinesis, rather than being inherent parts of a substrate-product chain required for the initiation of the cell cycle phases. As a consequence of the lack of certain checkpoint effectors, tumour cells may endoreduplicate or binucleate in the presence of SSP. The latter processes, as well as meiosis, are naturally occurring in specialized cell types, leading to the idea that this checkpoint network controls the order of the cell cycle phases in normal cells. A model is presented where the cell cycle is envisioned as two independently running cycles, the S and the M cycle, which are controlled by intra and intercycledependent checkpoints in human somatic cells. The model accounts for the dependency of S and M phase initiation on the successful completion of the previous M and S phase, respectively, as well as entry into a resting state.
Tuning the Photoresponse in Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

We report on the fabrication of solution-processed organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on perylenebis(dicarboximide)s (PDIs). We found that the responsivity to the photoillumination depends on the transistor's channel length and that it can be tuned by varying the device geometry. The analysis of different morphologies of the active semiconducting layer revealed that single PDI fibers exhibit the higher photoresponse when compared to more poorly organized films. The highest responsivity value of 4.08 ± 1.65 × 10(5) A/W was achieved on a multifiber-based OPT. These findings represent a step forward toward the use of organic based phototransistors as photosensors.
Shape matters: effects of silver nanospheres and wires on human alveolar epithelial cells (2011)

These data showed that silver wires strongly affect the alveolar epithelial cells, whereas spherical silver particles had no effect. This supports the hypothesis that shape is one of the important factors that determine particle toxicity.
Holmium: YAG Coronary Laser Angioplasty (HOLCA). The American Experience (1991)

The development of a clinically effective laser angioplasty system for the percutaneous recanalization of occlusive coronary artery atherosclerosis is a complex task involving the selection of an optimal laser wavelength and coupling this energy source to a delivery catheter which can safely and effectively recanalize lesions in the coronary arteries. The potential advantages of using laser energy for percutaneous revascularization of coronary artery disease include; 1) reducing the restenosis rate that occurs following balloon angioplasty in approximately one-third of patients [5, 8]; 2) reducing the frequency of abrupt artery occlusion and emergency coronary bypass grafting associated with balloon angioplasty [1]; and 3) extending the indications for percutaneous recanalization to patients currently considered to be poor candidates for balloon angioplasty, such as those with unfavorable lesions or diffuse disease [12, 15].
ChemInform Abstract: New Isoxazolidine‐Based Chiral Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Syntheses. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Murine transgenic embryonic stem cell lines for the investigation of sinoatrial node-related molecular pathways (2017)

The elucidation of molecular mechanisms that restrict the potential of pluripotent stem cells and promote cardiac lineage differentiation is of crucial relevance, since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great potential for cell based heart therapies. The homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 is essential for the development and proper function of the native cardiac pacemaker, the sinoatrial node. This prompted us to develop a cardiac differentiation model using ESC lines isolated from blastocysts of Shox2-deficient mice. The established cell model provides a fundamental basis for the investigation of molecular pathways under physiological and pathophysiological conditions for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches.
Chronic Treatment with Rilmenidine in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Differences between Two Schedules of Administration (2004)

Rilmenidine is one of the lead compounds of the second generation of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. In the first part of this study, 2 routes of administration of chronic treatment (1 month) with rilmenidine were compared. In conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), rilmenidine was delivered intraperitoneally either 250 microg/kg b.i.d. or 500 microg/kg/d infusion by means of minipumps. The possibility of rilmenidine-induced desensitization of central (brain cortex) and/or peripheral (kidney) alpha2-adrenoreceptors was studied in saturation experiments with the classic alpha2-adrenergic antagonist [H]rauwolscine. In the second part of this study, the cardiovascular and cardiac antihypertrophic effects of the most efficient procedure were investigated. The discontinuous administration of the drug was more effective than infusion. In rats treated with rilmenidine b.i.d., mean blood pressure was reduced by nearly 15% when no reduction occurred in SHRs treated with minipumps. With the first schedule of administration, plasma concentration of the drug reached a maximum of approximately 30 ng/ml when it was only 12 ng/ml with the continuous infusion of the same dose. Anesthesia with pentobarbital potentiated the antihypertensive effect of rilmenidine in rats treated discontinuously and unmasked an antihypertensive action in rats receiving the drug with minipumps. In saturation binding experiments, no significant changes in adrenergic receptors were observed in kidney membrane preparations. In contrast, in brain cortical membranes a reduction by about 50% of the Bmax of [H]rauwolscine value was observed in rats treated discontinuously with rilmenidine. In contrast, a 400% increase of the Bmax was observed in the brain of rats treated with minipumps. Over the one-month period of the second study, the discontinuous treatment with the 500 microg/kg/d dose of rilmenidine was still able to reduce blood pressure, at least at the peak concentration time, but did not induce any significant reduction of the ventricular mass. In conclusion, rilmenidine has only weak antihypertensive effects in conscious SHRs, even at doses higher than those that are active in rabbits and humans. As a consequence, it lacks significant cardiac antihypertrophic effects in this species. Pharmacokinetic data show that the rapid plasma withdrawal of this drug may explain this particular feature in rats.