gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alignability equivalence of synchronous sequential circuits (2003)

Sequential verification is a well known research framework that has attracted many researchers in the aca demic and industrial worlds during the last few decades. In this framework, initialization of synchronous models is one of the fundamental and challenging research topics that is difficult to solve, especially when talking about large industrial strengths hardware models. Many researchers in this domain such as Pomeranz and Reddy (1994), Pixley and Beihl (1991), and Pixley, Jeong and Hachtel (1994), and others tried to analyze and propose solutions to this problem, however the majority of the approaches used were based on BDDs and classical reachability analysis methods, which by nature suffer from capacity and complexity limits. When talking about hardware formal equivalence verification, the Initialization issue becomes even more complex especially when trying to verify the logic equivalence of two large industrial circuits. In this note we propose a new adaptive and iterative approach that combines various symbolic simulation techniques and bounded model checking algorithms to initialize sequential circuits for the alignability equivalence verification. The novelty of our method has been employed on complex real life sequential models from Intel lead Pentium processor designs. These methods are already implemented in Intel's sequential verification engine, Insight.
Effects of Nonplanar Driver-Side Mirrors on Lane-Change Crashes (2000)

Abstract In this quasi-experiment, we investigate the effects on lane-change crashes of nonplanar (spherical convex and multiradius) driver-side mirrors compared to planar mirrors. The analysis was based on 1,062 crashes reported from 1987 to 1998 to Finnish insurance companies for vehicles with passenger-side spherical convex mirrors and one of three types of driver-side mirror (planar, spherical convex, or multiradius). The results show that the mean effect of nonplanar mirrors compared to planar mirrors was a statistically significant decrease of 22.9% in lane-change crashes to the driver side. The effects of spherical convex and multiradius mirrors were not statistically different from each other. The nonplanar mirrors were beneficial especially for the high-risk driver groups, as well as for the lane-change situations and environmental conditions in which most lane-change crashes take place in the United States. These findings support the use of nonplanar driver-side mirrors. If drivers have problems with judgments of the speed and distance of approaching vehicles using nonplanar mirrors, the magnitude of this concern seems to be minimal compared to apparent benefits with regard to other mechanisms of lane-change crashes.
Measurements of noise and temperature coefficient of resistance on YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films in magnetic field (1992)

We measured low-frequency noise and temperature coefficient of resistance β=(dR/dT)/R on YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films at varying temperatures around superconducting transition. Magnetic field densities of 18–88 G were applied to the films. We found Tc to decrease slightly with magnetic field even though β at the respective Tc remained constant. At the superconducting transition, the voltage noise power spectral density over the 10–1000 Hz frequency range decreased with magnetic field, whereas no change in noise behavior was observed with varying the magnetic field in normal state. At a constant temperature in transition, as the magnetic field density was varied, the noise magnitude followed the β2 dependence as predicted by the local thermal fluctuations theory of 1/f noise.
A Sodium Guide Star Laser System for the Lick Observatory 3 Meter Telescope (1995)

The use of sodium-layer laser guide stars for adaptive optics systems greatly enhances the sky coverage as compared to systems using natural guide stars. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of a sodium-layer guide star, a 20 W pulsed dye laser system has been designed and installed on the 3 meter Shane telescope at the Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, California. The adaptive optics system used in conjunction with the laser guide star system has been described elsewhere 1 and has already demonstrated diffraction limited images at the 2.2 micron wavelength using natural guide stars. The integration of the sodium laser guide star and the adaptive optics systems represents the first such installation on an astronomical telescope.
Film Chemistry Control and Electrochemical Properties of Pulsed Plasma Polymerized Ferrocene and Vinylferrocene (1997)

The chemical composition and electrochemical properties of thin films polymerized from ferrocene and vinylferrocene under pulsed plasma conditions are reported. Relatively large scale and systematic variations in composition and properties of these films are observed with progressive changes in the pulsed duty cycles employed during synthesis, all other plasma variables being held constant. Compositional changes in both percent Fe content and the ratio of FeII/FeIII with variations in the duty cycles are clearly shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of these films. Voltammetric studies of the plasma-polymerized films deposited on glassy carbon electrodes provide additional evidence for the variations in the electroactive iron content of the films with changes in the pulsed plasma duty cycles employed during synthesis. Overall, the results of this study provide further support for the utility of the pulsed plasma technique to provide controlled film composition during synthesis of organometallic films.
Atomic layer deposition of optical coatings inside microchannels (2009)

An air wedge was created, between 2 square wafers of silicon approximately 7 cm on a side, with the air gap varying in thickness linearly from 0-1650 mum over 7 cm. A Fabry-Perot optical cavity composed of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> multilayer was deposited inside the wedge, and the measured resonant wavelength only shifted by -10.3% over a distance of 6 cm along the gas flow direction and over a 118-1533 mum range of gap thickness.The first experiments to test optical coatings inside microchannels were performed using 12 cm long glass capillary tubes with an interior dimension defined by a square 500 mum opening, a 240:1 aspect ratio.
Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of RuAl<sub>2</sub> Prepared by a Single-Roll Melt-Spinning Method (2015)

The performance of thermoelectric (TE) materials is characterized by a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT). To achieve high ZT, it is important to reduce the thermal conductivity (κ). One known method for reducing the κ value of bulk materials is by controlling the microstructure. RuAl2 is known as a good TE material, although it has a relatively high κ value. In the present study, microstructurally controlled RuAl2 was prepared by a single-roll melt-spinning (MS) method. The obtained ribbons were crushed into powders and subjected to spark plasma sintering (SPS) to obtain high-density bulk samples. We measured the κ value of the obtained bulk samples and compared the data with that of a sample prepared by a traditional arc-melting method. The κ value of the MS-SPS sample was 13.5 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, which was approximately 25% lower than that of the arc-melted sample. It can be concluded that the MS-SPS method is effective for making a RuAl2 bulk sample with moderately reduced κ value.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING TEXTURE DESCRIPTORS (2008)

This paper presents a new unified framework for texture descriptors such as Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Maximum Response 8 (MR8) that are based on histograms of local pixel neighborhood properties. This framework is enabled by a novel filter based approach to the LBP operator which shows that it can be seen as a special filter based texture operator. Using the proposed framework, the filters to implement LBP are shown to be both simpler and more descriptive than MR8 or Gabor filters in the texture categorization task. It is also shown that when the filter responses are quantized for histogram computation, codebook based vector quantization yields slightly better results than threshold based binning at the cost of higher computational
Tensor biometrics for changes in cranial shape (1984)

D'Arcy Thompson's method of Cartesian transformations can be adapted to the biometric study of group differences and trends in shape. The key to this extension is the symmetric tensor, a mathematical representation of the linear deformation taking one triangle onto another. These tensors may easily be computed from data that come in the form of Cartesian coordinates of homologous landmarks, such as are customary in roentgenographic cephalometrics. This article shows how the tensors make possible the rigorous statistical analysis of populations of shapes without requiring the specification of particular shape measures in advance. Instead, the findings of a study include the extraction of particular shape measures most clearly manifesting the group difference or treatment effect under study. Only conventional multivariate statistical techniques, such as Hotelling's T2, are involved. Configurations of many landmarks can be analysed via the display of their mean difference as a biorthogonal grid pair, perusal of which leads to the selection of triangles of landmarks for more rigorous analysis. The techniques are exemplified in two cephalometric studies: the description and prediction of normal craniofacial growth, and a comparison of the craniofacial deformities associated with Apert's and Crouzon's syndromes.
300 W XeCl excimer laser annealing and sequential lateral solidification in low temperature poly silicon technology (2003)

Industrial production of low temperature p-Si back plates for LCDs by high power excimer laser annealing was introduced several years ago. Regarding the economy of the process, one of the major advantages of excimer laser annealing is the opportunity to make use of low cost glass substrates due to the low temperature of the annealing process. The Lambda Physik high power excimer laser series are operated with the MicroLas 370 mm line beam optics, integrated by Japan Steel Works into industrial systems. The MicroLas line beam optics for conventional excimer laser annealing (ELA) process converts the raw laser beam profile into a stable and homogeneous rectangular illumination field with high aspect ratio. The excimer laser light source, the LAMBDA STEEL 1000, delivers stabilized pulse energies up to 1 Joule at repetition rates up to 300Hz. The crystallization using excimer lasers allows to produce films with electron mobility of 100-150 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vsec with the Line beam technique. The new SLS-method, which is currently under industrial investigation, even allows to obtain electron mobility between 200-400 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vsec.
Polymer-coated cylindrical waveguide absorption sensor for high acidities (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-coated cylindrical waveguide absorption sensor for high aciditiesW. Patrick. Carey, Michael D. DeGrandpre, and Betty S. JorgensenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 15, 1674–1678Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00190a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00190a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Black Box Techniques for Debugging Unsatisfiable Concepts (2005)

Now that OWL is a W3C Recommendation, one can expect that a much wider community of users and developers will be exposed to the expressive description logic SHIF(D) and SHOIN(D) which are the basis of OWL-DL. These users and developers are likely not to have a lot of experience with knowledge representation (KR), much less logic-based KR, much less description logic based KR. For such people, having excellent documentation, familiar techniques, and helpful tools is a fundamental requirement. A ubiquitous activity in programming is debugging, that is, finding and fixing defects in a program. Ontologies too have defects, and a common activity is to find and repair these defects. Unfortunately, the tool and training support for debugging ontologies is fairly weak. 1 We have chosen to focus on debugging unsatisfiable concepts (and contradictory ABoxes) because contradictions, in general, seem analogous to fatal errors in programs. Debugging fatal errors in programs can be relatively straightforward: the program crashes, there is a stack trace or similar information, and (one measure of) success is a running program. Current tools do support indicating the dramatic failure of a unsatisfiable class, and success is similarly clear, however, supporting the diagnosis and resolution of the bug is not supported at all. In [2], we investigated better support for debugging unsatisfiable concepts using both glass box (wherein the reasoner is 1 While, historically, good KR modeling practices have been developed and described, often with an emphasis on description logics[3], tool support for “good ” modeling remains elusive, especially given the lack of consensus on practice and the strong dependence of goodness on application and domain specifics. modified return explanations of the unsatisfiability) and black box (wherein the only inference service is satisfiability checking) techniques. In this paper, we extend our investigation of black box techniques which have two advantages over glass box ones: reasoner independence (you do not need a specialized, explanation generating reasoner) and avoiding the performance penalty of glass box techniques.
A planned randomized clinical trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes mellitus (2002)

Objective: A planned study is described which will determine whether a benefit exists for the treatment of mild carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy. Methods: A randomized clinical trial of women with mild gestational diabetes will compare perinatal outcomes in those receiving diet therapy and insulin as required versus those randomized to no specific treatment. Results: The primary outcome of this study will be a composite of neonatal morbidity in the treatment and control groups. Conclusions: A randomized treatment trial of mild gestational diabetes mellitus will clarify whether identification and treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus reduces perinatal morbidity. This information will aid in selecting appropriate thresholds for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Variation of pressure limits of flame propagation with tube diameter for various isooctane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures (1952)

An investigation was made of the change in the pressure limits of flame propagation with tube diameter for various isooctane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. Pressure limits were measured in cylindrical glass tubes of four different inside diameters at six different oxygen-nitrogen ratios. Under the experimental conditions, flame propagation was found to be impossible in isooctane-oxygen mixtures with oxygen concentrations less than 11 to 12 percent. Critical tube diameters for flame propagation were calculated and the effect of pressure was determined and compared with the effect of pressure on quenching distance. Critical diameters were related to flame speeds for various isooctane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures.
Darstellung und dynamisches Verhalten von Mono‐ cyclopentadienylarsinen (1974)

Abstract Mono‐cyclopentadienylarsine ( 3a – e ) werden durch Umsetzung von Cyclopentadienyl‐trimethylsilan ( 1 ) oder Cyclopentadienyllithium ( 5 ) mit den Halogenarsinen 2a – e dargestellt. Sie sind äußerst luft‐ und feuchtigkeitsempfindlich und thermisch instabil. Es liegen σ‐gebundene Cp‐Liganden und Moleküle mit fluktuierender Struktur vor. Die Geschwindigkeit der entarteten metallotropen Umlagerungen wird durch die anderen Liganden am Arsenatom beeinflußt.
Pathophysiology of the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) (2000)

Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are a common cause of acquired thrombophilia. APA recognize plasma phospholipid-binding proteins (e. g., beta(2)-glycoprotein I, prothrombin, annexin V, etc.). Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is an uncommon variant of the antiphospholipid syndrome. CAPS patients often present with multiorgan failure. Precipitating factors include surgical procedures, drugs, and discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. Increasingly, infections are recognized as a major precipitating condition. The majority of patients present with renal involvement as well as evidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review discusses the clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of CAPS as well as the differenital diagnosis.
Some relations between stability and smoothness in discrete-time dynamic models (2000)

Many discrete-time dynamic models of current interest are based on functions that, while generally continuous, are nonsmooth; examples include specific multimodels, hinging hyperplane models, and hybrid systems. We consider two models for which we can vary the smoothness and examine its influence on qualitative behavior. In the smooth regime, both models exhibit asymptotic stability for sufficiently small amplitude inputs; in the nonsmooth regime, the simpler model is shown to be BIBO stable but not asymptotically stable, and in both models nonlinear effects become more pronounced as the input amplitude decreases, in marked contrast to the behavior of smooth (i.e., linearizable) systems. Further, in the case of the simpler model the general character of this behavior in the nonsmooth regime cannot be changed with linear proportional feedback.
CAD-CAM integration using machining features (2002)

Commercial mechanical CAD/CAM packages provide a rather low level of automation of process planning tasks and a weak connection between their CAD and CAM/NC part programming modules. Features have primarily been used as geometry construction 'macros' without fully realizing their potential in supporting downstream applications, such as process planning. This paper demonstrates the use of features in automating certain process planning tasks and integrating CAD and CAM modules in commercial CAD/CAM software. Automated process planning involves two important tasks; machining feature extraction and feature-based process planning. The CAD model of the part and the stock is exported via STEP from the commercial CAD system to an external machining feature recognition system. The recognized features are used in conjunction with knowledge-based methods to prepare a process plan for the part. Set-up Planning, Operation Sequencing and Tool Selection are performed automatically based on criteria such as feature shapes, feature locations, tool access directions and feasibility of workpiece locating and clamping. Features and manufacturing attributes are exported to a commercial CAM system for toolpath generation and verification. A prototype system was implemented in conjunction with a commercial CAD/CAM package, SDRC/I-DEAS.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis, Vasorelaxant Properties and Molecular Modeling Studies of 2‐Amino‐8a‐methoxy‐4H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]pyridine‐3‐carbonitriles. (2011)

Abstract All the title compounds (IV) (14 examples), especially derivatives (IVb) and (IVc) exhibit considerable vasodilation activities.
Some Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and Engineers (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVHighlights from the ...Highlights from the LiteratureNEXTSome Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and EngineersMark McLaughlin, Silvina García Rubio, Matthew Pfeiffer, Ulf Tilstam, Octavio Augusto Ceva Antunes, Trevor Laird, and Andrei A. ZlotaView Author Information Merck & Co. Inc.,Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected] Sapphire Therapeutics, Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected] Process R&D, PTD, Exelixis Inc.,South San Francisco, California 94080, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected] CMC-Solutions, Belgium,E-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Quimica Inorganica,Instituto de Quimica, UFRJ, Cidade Universitaria,Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil,E-mail: [email protected] The Zlota Company,Sharon, Massachusetts 02067-2858, U.S.A.E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2008, 12, 1, 2–12Publication Date (Web):January 18, 2008Publication History Published online18 January 2008Published inissue 1 January 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op700278rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/op700278rarticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1704Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (270 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Pharmaceuticals,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Elucidating new structural features of the triazole scaffold for the development of mPGES-1 inhibitors (2014)

Halogen bonding as a new key interaction is useful for the design of novel triazole derivatives as mPGES-1 inhibitors.
Angioscopic Assessment of Early Phase Arterial Repair After Paclitaxel-Coated Nitinol Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Superficial Femoral Artery (2013)

Early phase arterial repair was different between Zilver PTX and BMS.