gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stepwise Charge Separation and Charge Recombination in Ferrocene-<i>m</i><i>eso</i>,<i>m</i><i>eso</i>-Linked Porphyrin Dimer−Fullerene Triad (2002)

A meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer [(ZnP)(2)] as a light-harvesting chromophore has been incorporated into a photosynthetic multistep electron-transfer model for the first time, including ferrocene (Fc), as an electron donor and fullerene (C(60)) as an electron acceptor to construct the ferrocene-meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer-fullerene system (Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)). Photoirradiation of Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60) results in photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of the porphyrin dimer [(1)(ZnP)(2)] to the C(60) moiety to produce the porphyrin dimer radical cation-C(60) radical anion pair, Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-). In competition with the back electron transfer from C(60)(*-) to (ZnP)(2)(*+) to the ground state, an electron transfer from Fc to (ZnP)(2)(*+) occurs to give the final charge-separated (CS) state, that is, Fc(+)-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)(*-), which is detected as the transient absorption spectra by the laser flash photolysis. The quantum yield of formation of the final CS state is determined as 0.80 in benzonitrile. The final CS state decays obeying first-order kinetics with a lifetime of 19 micros in benzonitrile at 295 K. The activation energy for the charge recombination (CR) process is determined as 0.15 eV in benzonitrile, which is much larger than the value expected from the direct CR process to the ground state. This value is rather comparable to the energy difference between the initial CS state (Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-)) and the final CS state (Fc(+)-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)(*-)). This indicates that the back electron transfer to the ground state occurs via the reversed stepwise processes,that is, a rate-limiting electron transfer from (ZnP)(2) to Fc(+) to give the initial CS state (Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-)), followed by a fast electron transfer from C(60)(*-) to (ZnP)(2)(*+) to regenerate the ground state, Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60). This is in sharp contrast with the extremely slow direct CR process of bacteriochlorophyll dimer radical cation-quinone radical anion pair in bacterial reaction centers.
Series of Conjugated Molecular Wires for Conductance Studies (2009)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Synthetic Nucleosides. LXII.<sup>1,2</sup> Facile Displacement Reactions in the D-Mannitol Series. V. Studies on the Selective Conversion of Some Hexitol Derivatives to Aldoses (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Nucleosides. LXII.1,2 Facile Displacement Reactions in the D-Mannitol Series. V. Studies on the Selective Conversion of Some Hexitol Derivatives to AldosesB. R. Baker, Roger Harrison, and A. H. HainesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 5, 1068–1075Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01028a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01028a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Improved SAR Based Technique for Accurate Profile Reconstruction (2012)

This paper deals with the problem of accurate contour reconstruction from scattered field measurements. For this goal, an advanced SAR processing method featuring two new approaches is proposed. First, the combination of the phasefronts of the SAR image with its amplitude is used to create an initial guess of the possible positions of the contour facets. Second, a virtual focusing of the field scattered by the geometry under study is used to interrogate isolated sections of the contour to be reconstructed, decreasing the computational cost and ambiguity of the reconstruction problem. It is shown that this processing increases the resolution of any SAR based system without increasing neither the necessary bandwidth nor the cost of the system. Representative results showing the good performance of the new method compared with the conventional approach using much larger bandwidths are presented.
Effect of pH and Temperature on PMPC–PDPA Copolymer Self-Assembly (2013)

The effect of temperature on a pH-responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymer, namely poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine)–poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PMPC–PDPA), has been studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and potentiometry. The dissociation constant (pKa) for the conjugate acid form of the PDPA block was determined for four PMPC–PDPA copolymers with varying volume fractions of DPA over a wide range of temperatures. The pH-modulated amphiphilic character of PMPC–PDPA drives its self-assembly in aqueous solution. Both the solution temperature and PDPA degree of polymerization have a dramatic effect on the size and morphology of the various copolymer nanostructures formed between pH 5 and pH 7.5, as judged by DLS and TEM studies. Copolymer morphologies include spherical micelles, vesicles (also known as “polymersomes”), and high genus assemblies. Interestingly, polymersomes were formed by each of the four diblock copolymers. Perhaps more surprisingly, polymersomes were obtained at 5 °C for the shortest DPA block length and at 50 °C for the longest DPA block length. Potentiometric titrations confirmed that the pKa of the PDPA block had a strong temperature dependence, with a maximum value of 7.60 at 5 °C and of a minimum value of 5.75 at 50 °C. However, no difference in pKa was observed across the four copolymers, suggesting no dependence on the mean degree of polymerization.
Generation of femtosecond optical pulses directly from lasers balancing self-phase modulation, group velocity dispersion, saturable absorption, and saturable gain (1985)

Recent advances In the generation of ultrashort pulses have used either passive mode-looking in a colliding pulse (CPM) laser1 or solitonlike pulse shaping in a laser containing an optical fiber.2 We describe a class of laser which combines and balances within a single resonator the four pulse-shaping mechanisms traditionally associated with passive mode-locking and solitonlike shaping, namely, self phase modulation, group velocity dispersion, saturable absorption, and saturable gam. Using this technique, we have generated the shortest optical pulses yet emitted directly from a laser, 27 fsec (Fig. 1).
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Ice-nucleating Bacterium,<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. KUIN-4, Which Has Stable Activity in Acidic Solution (1995)

A novel ice-nucleating bacterium, KUIN-4 was isolated from a cherry leaf, which was unsusceptible to frost injury. Strain KUIN-4 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. from its characteristics and taxonomies; the optimum temperature and pH for its growth were 18°C and 4.5, respectively. When strain KUIN-4 was cultured aerobically in CYE medium (pH 4.5) for 48 h at 18°C, the ice-nucleating activities of strain KUIN-4 cells and culture broth (extracellular ice-nucleating matter) after removal of the cell were obtained. The ice-nucleating temperature, T50 (°C), was indicated to be –2.8°C in cell suspensions (4.25 x 107 cell/ml) of strain KUIN-4. Also, it had become apparent that the ice-nucleating activity involved class A, B, and C structures as judged by its freezing difference spectrum in D2O versus H2O. The ice-nucleating activity of this strain as well as other ice-nucleating bacteria was significantly decreased by heat treatment (40°C, 30 min). The ice-nucleating activity from this strain had unique features, which was stable under acidic conditions (pH 3.5–5.0) and was weakly inhibited by denaturants and protein-modifying reagents.
Aliphaten (1989)

Die einfachsten regelmäßigen Polyeder sind die fünf — hochsymmetrischen — Platonischen Körper: das Tetraeder, das Oktaeder, der Würfel, das Dodekaeder und das Ikosaeder (vgl. Abb.1) Die Grundgerüste dieser fünf regelmäßigen Vielflächner finden sich in vielen chemischen Verbindungen wieder, insbesondere bei anorganischen Substanzen. In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten bemühten sich jedoch viele Chemiker um die Synthese von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit den Kohlenstoff-Gerüsten der Platonischen Körper. Aufgrund der Vierbindigkeit des C-Atoms lassen sich nur drei der fünf historischen Polyeder als Kohlenwasserstoffe (bzw. Substitutionsprodukte davon) realisieren 1): das Tetrahedran (1), das Cuban (2) und das Dodecahedran (3).
The Impact of a Current Imbalance Compensator on Feeder Compensation Equipment Operation (2020)

Typically, a feeder in a distribution system is operating with unbalanced currents. Furthermore, single-phase load-side generation can worsen this current imbalance. The use of an active current compensator has been suggested in literature as a solution because traditional compensation equipment used by electric utilities cannot fully address this issue. This paper looks at the effect that an unbalanced current compensator will have on the conventional compensation equipment installed at the substation. In addition, the positioning of this compensator relative to the other equipment is discussed. Using data from an existing distribution feeder the findings show that in most cases the use of this compensator can reduce the number of operations experienced by voltage regulators and switched capacitor banks.
New encryption method of 2D image by use of the fractional Fourier transform (2008)

Recently, secure transmission of image information has been very significant especially with the development in the Internet. In general, encryption of image has widely been known as one of the effective methods to realize the secure transmission. In this study, we propose a new encryption method of 2D image by use of the fractional Fourier transform (FRT) which is the generalization of the conventional Fourier transform (FT). Specifically the FRT with different order of the FT is conducted to the grayscale distribution in each line of the original image. The validity of our proposed encryption method is shown by analyzing the cross-correlation properties between the original image and the encrypted image.
NANOSCALE MOLECULAR SUPERFLUIDITY OF HYDROGEN AND ITS SPECTROSCOPIC IMPLICATIONS (2002)

We present microscopic quantum theoretical analysis of the nanoscale superfluid properties of solvating clusters of $para-H_{2}$ around the linear OCS molecule, prompted by recent experiments showing anomalous spectroscopic features for these systems at low temperatures. Using path integral methods that incorporate the Bose permutation symmetry of $para-H_{2}$, we analyze the extent of a superfluid response of the molecular hydrogen density to molecular rotation around different axes. We find that a highly anisotropic hydrogenic superfluid response does appear at low temperatures, and we analyze the temperature dependence and anisotropy of this in terms of the local structure of quantum exchange within the first solvation shell of hydrogen molecules. A rationalization for the anomalous spectroscopic features observed experimentally is given.
Transfer entropy-based feedback improves performance in artificial neural networks (2017)

The structure of the majority of modern deep neural networks is characterized by uni- directional feed-forward connectivity across a very large number of layers. By contrast, the architecture of the cortex of vertebrates contains fewer hierarchical levels but many recurrent and feedback connections. Here we show that a small, few-layer artificial neural network that employs feedback will reach top level performance on a standard benchmark task, otherwise only obtained by large feed-forward structures. To achieve this we use feed-forward transfer entropy between neurons to structure feedback connectivity. Transfer entropy can here intuitively be understood as a measure for the relevance of certain pathways in the network, which are then amplified by feedback. Feedback may therefore be key for high network performance in small brain-like architectures.
Absolute measurements of elastic-wave phase and group velocities in lossy materials (1992)

Traditional methods of determining phase and group velocities are often inadequate for many thick-section materials that exhibit greater than 30 dB, frequency-dependent propagation losses across the passband of the transducer. This article describes a measurement method that addresses this problem. Our method is mechanized as a pulsed, swept-frequency interferometer. The method’s accuracy and reliability are enhanced by a combination of circuit-design improvements, which increase the signal-to-noise ratio and linearity, and signal-processing methods, which remove circuit-related measurement errors and compensate for diffraction. First we describe the foundations of our measurement method and its mechanization. Then we describe the signal-processing procedures, used to calibrate the instrumentation and to determine the absolute phase and group velocities. To illustrate the method, we determine the phase velocities in a very lossy, 50-mm-thick, glass/epoxy specimen in the 0.3–1.2-MHz region.
On the identification of trap location in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs during electrical stress (2010)

Location and properties of traps generated in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors submitted to electrical stress was studied using an integrated electrical and optical methodology. A spatial and spectral electroluminescence study reveals traps generated during both OFF- and ON-state stress to be located in the gate and access region close to the drain side of the gate edge, while UV-light assisted detrapping analysis in conjunction with photoluminescence illustrate these dominant traps located mostly within an AlGaN subsurface layer.
Quantum metrology with atoms and photons (2011)

espanolSe describe nuestro mas reciente trabajo en metrologia cuantica usando sistemas atomicos y fotonicos para medir con una sensibilidad por encima del limite cuantico estandar, es decir, por encima de el limite impuesto por el ruido de disparo y el ruido de proyeccion. Demostramos dos sistemas de magnetometria optica que emplean atomos de rubidio como sensores del campo, leyendo opticamente los atomos por la rotacion de Faraday. El primero, formado por atomos calientes, opera mas alla del limite de la sensibilidad por el ruido de disparo, usando como haz de prueba luz polarizada comprimida. El segundo, un magnetometro de atomos frios de siguiente generacion, opera con principios similares pero con un alto control en los atomos. Demostramos medidas cuanticas no destructivas del espin colectivo de la nube de atomos y que estan en el limite de la sensibilidad tanto del ruido de disparo como del ruido de proyeccion. EnglishWe describe our recent work in quantum metrology using atomic and photonic systems for measurements with sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit, e.g., beyond the shot-noise and projection-noise limits. We demonstrate two optical magnetometry systems using rubidium atoms as field sensors, with optical read-out by paramagnetic Faraday rotation. Our hot-atom magnetometer operates beyond the shot-noise limit of sensitivity using a polarization-squeezed optical probe. Our next-generation cold-atom magnetometer operates on similar principles but with much greater atomic control. We demonstrate quantum-non-demolition measurement of the collective spin of the atom cloud at both the shot-noise and projection-noise limits of sensitivity
A Facile Iron-Mediated Entry to the 2,3,3a,7a-Tetrahydroindole Nucleus (1995)

Diastereoselective synthesis of a metal-bound 2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydroindole nucleus has been achieved in good yield by SET-mediated oxidative cyclization of tricarbonyliron complexes 3.
Neurotrophic control of 16S acetylcholinesterase at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (1979)

Endplate 16S acetylcholinesterase (16S-AChE) from rat anterior gracilis muscle was assessed, 6 hr to 10 days after denervation, by velocity sedimentation analysis on linear sucrose gradients. The innervating obturator nerve was transected either close (1--2 mm, short stump) or far (35--40 mm, long stump) from the muscle. In both instances, the activity of 16S-AChE gradually decreased and reached approximately the same level (10%--20% of control) by 6 days after denervation. However, enzymatic decay started considerably earlier in short stump (12--24 hr) as compared to long stump (4--5 days preparations, i.e., the time of onset of 16S-AChE loss depended on the length of nerve that remained attached to the muscle. Whether this result extended to other AChE molecular forms (10S, 4S) in muscle endplates could not be determined because, in contrast to 16S-AChE, these forms were also detected in red blood cells (4S) and plasma (10S). Only small amounts of 16S-AChE were found in intact obturator nerves (1/100 of that in gracilis endplate regions). Thus a faster depletion of enzyme from shorter nerve stumps after axotomy could not entirely account for the substantial effect of nerve stump length on 16S-AChE. Since muscle contraction ceases immediately following nerve transection, regardless of nerve stump length, the results can be ascribed to the lack of some neural influence other than nerve-evoked muscle activity. The present findings are consistent with the view that maintenance of 16SAChE at neuromuscular junctions primarily depends on regulatory substances which are conveyed by axonal transport and released from nerve terminals.
Utilizing wave polarization in microwave characterization of heterogeneous anisotropic materials with application to the wood industry (2014)

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach to microwave non-contact, non-destructive testing of wood, investigating additional indicators of wood structure, in particular the significance of wave polarization in transmission measurements. Contribution of wave polarization to wood characterization is studied, considering detection of rapid and gradual variations in wood structure, determination of moisture content and density distribution along the sample, as well as bulk properties detection. A set of microwave sensors in a collinear arrangement was used in two orthogonal linear polarizations. Significant findings are reported, in particular polarization dependence of moisture related attenuation, as well as improved defect detection accuracy when measurements in two orthogonal linear polarizations are considered. In addition, sorting wood samples into categories is considered and the advantages of this approach are presented.
Dynamics of plasma mirror formation in a neodymium laser due to secondary optical breakdown in air (1988)

It was established that the formation of a plasma mirror, accompanying the interaction of radiation from a free-running neodymium laser with a gas target, occurs after the primary microsecond breakdown at the rear boundary of a relaxing plasma at the moment when the gas suffers a secondary breakdown due to one of the succeeding microsecond spikes.
Incorporation of Proteins with Different Isoelectric Points into Biomimetic Ca-P Coatings: A New Approach to Produce Hybrid Coatings with Tailored Properties (2006)

This work aims to study the effect of incorporating proteins with different isoelectric points (pI) on the structure, composition and morphology of biomimetic calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) coatings. For that, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme, having respectively acidic and basic pIs, were used as model proteins. It was observed that the incorporation of positively charged proteins, such as lysozyme, was able to significantly change the structure of the coatings, possibly due to the preferential interactions between the protein and negatively charged phosphate ions. These results indicated that proteins with different characteristics can be incorporated into biomimetic Ca-P coatings in order to obtain a hybrid coating and at the same tailoring their properties.
Procedure for Evaluating Drug Effects on Increased Intraocular Pressure (1967)

A procedure is described for evaluating drug effects on increased intraocular pressure (IOP) of the rabbit eye. The elevation of the IOP is obtained by evacuating the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye and replacing the aqueous humor with 0.5% methylcellulose solution in 0.9% saline. The resulting IOP increases steadily over the next two hours from a normal of 20.3 \m=+-\1.6 mm Hg to a peak of 29.8 \m=+-\1.8mm Hg as determined in 40 control rabbits. The IOP was measured with a modified Maklahov (Posner-lnglima) applanation tonometer. A dose dependent effect was obtained for the following carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide (regression coefficient [r] = \p=m-\0.954),methazolamide (r = \p=m-\0.767),and ethoxzolamide (r = \p=m-\0.886),when administered orally 30 minutes before the methylcellulose treatment.
Predicting decline of kidney function in lupus nephritis using urine biomarkers (2016)

The combinatorial urine biomarker LFABP, MCP-1, albumin, and transferrin shows promise as a predictor of renal functional decline in LN, and warrants further investigation.
Establishment of EBNA‐expressing cell lines by infection of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐genome‐negative human lymphoma cells with different EBV strains (1976)

Cells of two EBNA (Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen)-negative human lymphoma cell lines, BJAB and RAMOS, were infected with two strains of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In two different experiments, B95-8 virus-infected BJAB cells revealed a gradually increasing number of EBNA-positive cells. Twenty weeks after infection almost 100% of the cell population expressed this antigen. In contrast, it has not so far been possible to convert RAMOS cells into an EBNA-positive cell line. The initial proportion of 35% EBNA-positive cells declined to about 10% 20 weeks after infection. The development of EBNA-positive multinuclear giant cells was a characteristic feature of infection with B95-8 virus. EA (early antigen) and VCA (virus capsid antigen) appeared in less than 0.1% of the cell population after induction with IUdR only. Infection of BJAB and RAMOS cells with P3HR-1 virus finally resulted in both cases in EBNA-positive lines. In contrast to B95-8 virus, the number of EBNA-positive lines. In contrast to B95-8 virus, the number of EBNA-positive cells remained below 1% during the first 6 to 8 weeks. A sudden increase occurred thereafter, bringing the number of EBNA-expressing cells to almost 100% within the following 4 weeks. During this period, BJAB but not RAMOS cells revealed a small number of EA- as well as VCA-positive cells (less than 0.1%). Thus, reinfection by spontaneously released virus may explain the sudden increase in EBNA-positive BJAB cells. Two distinct patterns of EBNA staining in P3HR-1 virus-infected cells were observed. They may suggest a genetic heterogeneity of this virus preparation.