gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localizing and Comparing Weight Maps Generated from Linear Kernel Machine Learning Models (2013)

Recently, machine learning models have been applied to neuroimaging data, allowing to make predictions about a variable of interest based on the pattern of activation or anatomy over a set of voxels. These pattern recognition based methods present undeniable assets over classical (univariate) techniques, by providing predictions for unseen data, as well as the weights of each voxel in the model. However, the obtained weight map cannot be thresholded to perform regionally specific inference, leading to a difficult localization of the variable of interest. In this work, we provide local averages of the weights according to regions defined by anatomical or functional atlases (e.g. Brodmann atlas). These averages can then be ranked, thereby providing a sorted list of regions that can be (to a certain extent) compared with univariate results. Furthermore, we defined a "ranking distance", allowing for the quantitative comparison between localized patterns. These concepts are illustrated with two datasets.
Temperature dependence of plasmons in Nb-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SrTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1993)

The temperature dependence of infrared reflection spectra of single crystals of n-type strontium titanate doped with 0.3 to 1.5 at. % niobium are reported from 10 to 5 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ in the temperature range 80--900 K. Results are analyzed by means of various factorized forms of the dielectric function. A decoupling scheme allows the temperature dependence of the plasmon to be deduced. The plasma frequency of the carriers is found to increase upon cooling, a very unusual phenomenon which, together with Hall-effect measurements, may imply that the effective mass of the carriers decreases upon cooling. The dependence of the soft ferroelectric mode on temperature and Nb doping is also reported and discussed.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) gene polymorphism and fluvoxamine response (2006)

Saito, S.; Takahashi, N.; Maeno, N.; Ji, Xiaofei; Aoyama, N.; Ishihara, R.; Ikeda, M.; Yamanouchi, Y.; Kitajima, T.; Suzuki, T.; Yamada, M.; Iwata, N.; Inada, T.; Ozaki, N. Author Information
Supramolecular Assembly of Ag(I) Centers: Diverse Topologies Directed by Anionic Interactions (2014)

Ag(I)-Ag(I) interactions in supramolecular structures have been achieved through the use of structural support from the ligand frames. In structures involving simple ligands like pyridine, strong π-π interaction leads to spatial ordering of the individual [Ag(L)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> units. In such structures anions also play a crucial role in dictating the final arrangement of the [Ag(L)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> synthons. In order to determine whether the anions can solely dictate the arrangement of the [Ag(L)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> synthons in the supramolecular structure, four Ag(I) complexes of 4-pyridylcarbinol (PyOH), namely, [Ag(PyOH)<sub>2</sub>]X (X = NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (<b>1</b>), BF<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (<b>2</b>), CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (<b>3</b>), and ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (<b>4</b>)) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Gradual transformation of the extended structures observed in <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> eventually merges into a unique linear alignment of the [Ag(PyOH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> units in <b>4</b> along the <i>c</i> axis, a feature that results in strong argentophilic interactions. Complex <b>4</b> is sensitive to light and is inherently less stable than the other three analogues. The structural variations in this set of extended assemblies are solely dictated by the anions, since π-π interaction between the substituted pyridine ligands is significantly diminished due to disposition of the -CH<sub>2</sub>OH substituent at the 4 position and H-bonding throughout the structure.
Cross-neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1ANT70 and HIV-1 IIIB in sera of African and Belgian HIV-1 -infected individuals (1994)

These results suggest that despite pronounced genomic variation of the HIV-1ANT70 isolate, there are strongly conserved neutralizing epitopes situated outside the V3 loop that are shared by other HIV-1 isolates. These findings suggest that genetic variation might be surmountable in the design of a polyvalent HIV vaccine, if neutralizing antibodies are found to be correlates of protection in HIV infection.
Synthesis and characterization of Ni(0) complexes supported by an unsymmetric C,N ligand (2022)

Over the past decade, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), bipyridine (bpy), and pyridine oxazoline (PyOx) ligands have been increasingly applied in nickel catalysis, where the combination of a low-oxidation-state 3d metal and an electron-rich ligand can enable otherwise challenging bond activations. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of two Ni(0) complexes supported by an alternative, bidentate, C,N ligand, hIMesPy ("half-IMes-pyridine" or 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(2-pyridinyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene). The unsymmetric ligand combines the strong σ-donating properties of an NHC with the π-accepting properties of pyridine to afford homoleptic [Ni(hIMesPy)2] and heteroleptic [Ni(cod)(hIMesPy)] complexes. Characterization through the combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and NMR spectroscopy, as well as reactivity studies demonstrating reversible interconversion between the two species, provide a strong basis for future applications to overcome reactivity challenges.
Identification of Carboxylate, Phosphate, and Phenoxide Functionalities in Deprotonated Molecules Related to Drug Metabolites via Ion–Molecule Reactions with water and Diethylhydroxyborane (2017)

Tandem mass spectrometry based on ion-molecule reactions has emerged as a powerful tool for structural elucidation of ionized analytes. However, most currently used reagents were designed to react with protonated analytes, making them suboptimal for acidic analytes that are preferentially detected in negative ion mode. In this work we demonstrate that the phenoxide, carboxylate, and phosphate functionalities can be identified in deprotonated molecules by use of a combination of two reagents, diethylmethoxyborane (DEMB) and water. A novel reagent introduction setup that allowed DEMB and water to be separately introduced into the ion trap region of the mass spectrometer was developed to facilitate fundamental studies of this reaction. A new reagent, diethylhydroxyborane (DEHB), was generated inside the ion trap by hydrolysis of DEMB on introduction of water. Most carboxylates and phenoxides formed a DEHB adduct, followed by addition of one water molecule and subsequent ethane elimination (DEHB adduct +H<sub>2</sub>O - CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>) as the major product ion. Phenoxides with a hydroxy group adjacent to the deprotonation site and phosphates formed a DEHB adduct, followed by ethane elimination (DEHB adduct - CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>). Deprotonated molecules with strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds or without the aforementioned functionalities, including sulfates, were unreactive toward DEHB/H<sub>2</sub>O. Reaction mechanisms were explored via isotope labeling experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The mass spectrometry method allowed the differentiation of phenoxide-, carboxylate-, phosphate-, and sulfate-containing analytes. Finally, it was successfully coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of a mixture containing hymecromone, a biliary spasm drug, and its three possible metabolites. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Les régulateurs de croissance d'insectes (RCI), mimiques de l'hormone juvénile, en tant que moyen de lutte morphogénétique et ovicide contre les tordeuses des vergers (1989)

Résumé La métamorphose des insectes est régie par un équilibre hormonal complexe dans lequel l'hormone juvénile (HJ) joue un rôle important. Au dernier stade larvaire, la teneur en HJ est particulièrement faible dans le corps de l'insecte. Si un régulateur de croissance d'insectes (RCI) – un mimétique de l'HJ – est appliqué à ce moment‐là, la mue nymphale est pertubée provoquant des déformations morphogénétiques caractéristiques. La teneur en HJ est également très faible dans les œufs fraîchement pondus. Les traitements aux RCI peuvent par conséquent perturber le développement embryonnaire de certaines espèces et produire ainsi un effet ovicide. Depuis quelques années deux RCI – le fenoxycarb et le CGA 45′ 128 – ont été testés pour leur activité morphogénétique sur le dernier stade larvaire de quelques ravageurs tels qu 'Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., ainsi que pour leur activité ovicide sur les œufs frais de Cydia pomonella L. et Grapholita funebrana Tr. Après quelques années d'expérimentation et de commercialisation des RCI dans les vergers européens, il s'avère que l'utilisation de ces produits peu toxiques, sélectifs et peu nocifs pour la faune utile, constitue une amélioration considérable pour l'aménagement de la lutte intégrée. Summary Insect growth regulators (IGR), mimics of juvenile hormone, as morphogenetical and ovicidal means of control against orchard tortricids Metamorphosis is regulated by a complex hormonal balance in which juvenile hormone (JH) plays an important part. At the last larval instar the content of JH is particularly low in the insect body. If an insect growth regulator (IGR) – a mimic of JH – is applied at this time, the pupal moult may be disturbed with the characteristic morphogenetical deformations. The JH content is also very low in freshly laid eggs. Therefore IGR treatments may disturb the embryonic development of some species and produce an ovicidal activity. During a few years two IGR – fenoxycarb and CGA 45′ 128 – were evaluated for their morphogenetical effect on the last larval instar of Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. and their ovicidal effect on freshly laid eggs of Cydia pomonella L. and Grapholita funebrana Tr. After a few years of experimentation with both compounds and of commercialisation of fenoxycarb in European orchards, IGR confirmed to present a considerable improvement in integrated pest management due to selectivity, and low mammal toxicity.
Monolithic integration of high linearity attenuated counter-propagating optical phase-locked loop coherent receiver (2011)

The first monolithically integrated attenuated counter-propagating optical phase-locked loop based coherent receiver is presented. A spurious-free dynamic range of 131.3 dB Hz2/3 is measured in the detector shot-noise limit at 100 MHz, which is the highest reported for a single-chip device.
Enhanced electrical properties in carbon nanotube/poly (3-hexylthiophene) nanocomposites formed through non-covalent functionalization (2011)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has received much attention as a good candidate to replace inorganic semiconductors for flexible electronics due to its solution-processability. However, the low charge mobility of P3HT is an obstacle to its commercialization. To overcome this problem, we propose a new non-covalent functionalization method for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for use in CNT/P3HT nanocomposites. By using modified pyrene molecules with hydrophobic long alkyl chains, the non-covalently functionalized CNTs can become well dispersed in hydrophobic solutions and organic semiconductor matrices. Fabrication of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) from the non-covalently functionalized CNT/organic semiconductor nanocomposites shows that our non-covalent functionalization method significantly reduces damage to CNTs during functionalization when compared with covalent functionalization by treatment with acids. The OTFTs show 15 times enhancement of field effect mobility (1.5 × 10−2 cm2/(V·s)) compared to the mobility of OTFTs made from pure P3HT. This enhancement is achieved by addition of only 0.25 wt% of CNTs to P3HT.
Lewis Acid Promoted Synthesis of 2(3H)‐Benzofuranones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Visible to Band Gender Classification: An Extensive Experimental Evaluation Based on Multi-spectral Imaging (2019)

The ability of multi-spectral imaging to acquire spatial and spectral details across electromagnetic spectrum, has gained significant importance to perform under varying illumination conditions. Due to which a maximum preference is shown in the recent times to employ multi-spectral imaging in biometric systems. Although there are substantial studies carried out independently using visible image face database and multi-spectral face database operated in several bands, the visible to band gender classification is still an open problem. In this paper, we present gender classification, thereby training the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier model using visible face images and testing independently using individual band images for analysis. We evaluate the proposed approach on 79750 sample images which comprises of multi-spectral face database and newly introduced visible face database to present the importance of this study. The extensive evaluation results in the form of average classification accuracy is presented by using 10 fold cross-validation method. The highest average classification accuracy of 95.96±1.68% demonstrates the applicability of visible to band comparison approach for gender classification.
Lipid A, the active part of bacterial endotoxins in inducing serum colony stimulating activity and proliferation of splenic granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (1976)

An analysis of which component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipid or the polysaccharide (PS), is active in stimulating the murine granulopoietic system has been performed. LPS with different structures, isolated from different mutant strains of Salmonella and chemical degradation products of lipopolysaccharides have been used. Lipid A obtained by acid hydrolysys of the LPS and complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (lipid A-BSA) was shown to be active in generating serum colony stimulating factor (CSF) and in increasing the splenic colony forming cells (CFC) levels, although it was less active than the parent LPS. The polysaccharide (PS) showed no significant activity at the concentrations used. LPS (glycolipids) from R mutants of Salmonella minnesota were active to the same extent as the LPS. The fact that even the most defective LPS from the R mutant R595 which contains lipid A and KDO only is a potent endotoxin, points unequivocally, to lipid A, as the active principle in stimulating the granulopoietic system.
Bestrahlung der Hornhaut mit UV-Licht und Riboflavingabe als neuer Behandlungsversuch bei einschmelzenden Hornhautprozessen, erste Ergebnisse bei vier Patienten123 (2000)

Because of the absence of any side-effects in serious cases the method is recommended prior to surgery.
BK virus and cancer in Uganda. (2006)

As part of an epidemiological study of cancer in Uganda, we investigated the titre of antibodies against BK virus among 821 people with different cancer types and benign tumours. Among study participants, 790 were considered seropositive for anti-BK virus antibodies and all analyses were conducted on transformed data. The mean optical density (a measure of antibody titre) for all patients combined (including the 31 who were considered seronegative) was 1.03 (standard error 0.01), but was 5% higher in women than in men (P=0.05), and 8% higher among HIV seropositive than seronegative people (P=0.002). Otherwise, there were few consistent associations between anti-BK virus antibodies and any social and lifestyle factor investigated. Differences in the mean optical density for each cancer type were estimated using multivariate analysis of variance with adjustment for sex, age group and HIV serostatus, using all other patients as controls. The mean optical density was about 17% lower among those with oral cancer (optical density 0.86, standard error 0.06; P=0.01, based on 30 patients) and about 20% higher among those with prostate cancer (optical density 1.22, standard error 0.09; P=0.01, based on 11 cases) than among all other patients combined. The number of cases of each cancer was too small to exclude the possibility of these findings arising by chance. No other cancer site or type was significantly associated with low, or with high anti-BK virus antibody titres.
Optimizing communication in time-warp simulators (1998)

In message passing environments, the message send time is dominated by overheads that are relatively independent of the message size. Therefore,Jine-grained applications (such as Time-Warp simulators) suffer high overheads because of frequent communication. In this paper; we investigate the optimization of the communication subsystem of Time-Warp simulators using dynamic message aggregation. Under this scheme, Time-Warp messages with the same destination Le occuring in close temporal proximity are dynamically aggregated and sent as a single physical message. Several aggregation strategies that attempt to minimize the communication overhead without harming the progress of the simulation (because of messages being delayed) are developed. The performance of the strategies is evaluated for a network of workstations, and an SMP, using a number of applications that have different communication behavior
Arylsulphonic Resins Based on Organic/Inorganic Macro-Molecular Systems (1988)

Abstract Various organic derivatives of sepiolite, having > Si CH2CH2C6H5 groups which can be sulphonated, have been synthesized. The -SO3H functions introduced give the solid markedly acid character as shown by its ability to adsorb and protonate organic bases (pyridine), and in the catalytic dehydration of alcohols. The materials obtained have been identified by chemical analysis, IR and 13C-NMR/MAS-CP spectroscopies.
Dimethylsilane polyamines: cytostatic compounds with potentials as anticancer drugs. II. Uptake and potential cytotoxic mechanisms. (2003)

Dimethylsilane tetramines are structural analogues of spermine with a (CH3)2 Si-group incorporated into the central carbon chain. They have potential as anticancer drugs. Their cytotoxic effect was considered to rely mainly on their polyamine antagonist property. In order to obtain new ideas about cellular mechanisms, which are potential targets of the dimethylsilane polyamines, the effects of these compounds on some basic cell functions, such as protein and DNA synthesis, and calmodulin antagonism were studied. In addition, their mode of accumulation in cells was investigated. It became evident that the intracellular accumulation of dimethylsilane polyamines is almost exclusively achieved via the polyamine transport system. However, the exchange of a part of the intracellular natural polyamines against dimethylsilane polyamines has only a small effect on polyamine uptake. Binding to the endoplasmic reticulum and inhibition of protein synthesis are presumably important for the cytotoxic action of bis(11-amino-4,8-diazaundecyl)dimethylsilane, a hexamine, but seem of no importance for the tetramines. Calmodulin antagonism, however, is likely to contribute to their cytotoxic effect.
Preparation, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Based Alloy Particles with Elongated Morphology (2003)

Fe-based elongated particles of about 120 × 20 nm protected with an alumina coating have been obtained by dehydration and further thermal reduction of undoped and Co-doped goethite precursors. The precursors were obtained by oxidation−precipitation of a mixture of FeSO4 and Co(NO3)2 in the presence of NaOH and Na2CO3. Prior to the thermal treatment, the particles were coated with a homogeneous thin layer of alumina by taking advantage of the different surface charge densities of the compounds in selected pH regions. The nature and location of Co in the goethite precursors, as well as in the final metallic particles, have also been studied. Finally, the magnetic properties of the Co-doped samples have been measured and compared to that of the undoped samples in order to explain their differences. Values of the coercivity around 1200 Oe have been found in the FeCo metallic particles protected with the alumina layer.
In-Vivo Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Covering Bony Prominences (1978)

In order to measure in-vivo bone accelerations, it is necessary to know the mechanical response of the soft tissue covering areas of bony prominence when a load is applied through a rigid contactor. Two methods are presented for determining this response in vivo. The first method is for quasi-static loading and the second method is for dynamic loading at approximately 2000 Hz. Results are presented for various subjects and contactor geometries.
Is Data Privacy The Price We Must Pay to Survive a Pandemic? (2020)

In the fight against COVID19, billions of personal geo-location data points are being used by countries around the world to “flatten the curve” of contagion, in order to re-establish the circulation of people, and to better manage physical distancing among individuals. We are referring to the surveillance systems that several governments have begun using to track or trace individuals and their physical contacts (contact-tracing) to control the contagion. This use of technology can be controversial given the implications it has regarding privacy risks and the decisions about it that some countries are taking. If we understand data as a public good (non-rival and non-exclusive) necessary to improve and accelerate response in the midst of a pandemic, is it possible, then, to justify the relaxation of privacy standards? Does the goal of tracking and controlling contagion as a measure to ensure everyones health and re-establish some social normalcy justify the possibility of intrusive government surveillance?