gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphatase control of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation state is central for glycolytic regulation of retinal protein synthesis (2015)

Control of protein synthesis in insulin-responsive tissues has been well characterized, but relatively little is known about how this process is regulated in nervous tissues. The retina exhibits a relatively high protein synthesis rate, coinciding with high basal Akt and metabolic activities, with the majority of retinal ATP being derived from aerobic glycolysis. We examined the dependency of retinal protein synthesis on the Akt-mTOR signaling and glycolysis using ex vivo rat retinas. Akt inhibitors significantly reduced retinal protein synthesis but did not affect glycolytic lactate production. Surprisingly, the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) markedly inhibited Akt1 and Akt3 activities, as well as protein synthesis. The effects of 2-DG, and 2-fluorodeoxyglucose (2-FDG) on retinal protein synthesis correlated with inhibition of lactate production and diminished ATP content, with all these effects reversed by provision of d-mannose. 2-DG treatment was not associated with increased AMPK, eEF2, or eIF2α phosphorylation; instead, it caused rapid dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1. 2-DG reduced total mTOR activity by 25%, but surprisingly, it did not reduce mTORC1 activity, as indicated by unaltered raptor-associated mTOR autophosphorylation and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. Dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was largely prevented by inhibition of PP1/PP2A phosphatases with okadaic acid and calyculin A, and inhibition of PPM1 phosphatases with cadmium. Thus, inhibition of retinal glycolysis diminished Akt and protein synthesis coinciding with accelerated dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 independently of mTORC1. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism regulating protein synthesis in the retina involving an mTORC1-independent and phosphatase-dependent regulation of 4E-BP1.
Human DHEA sulfation requires direct interaction between PAPS synthase 2 and DHEA sulfotransferase SULT2A1 (2018)

The high-energy sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), generated by human PAPS synthase isoforms PAPSS1 and PAPSS2, is required for all human sulfation pathways. Sulfotransferase SULT2A1 uses PAPS for sulfation of the androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), thereby reducing downstream activation of DHEA to active androgens. Human <i>PAPSS2</i> mutations manifest with undetectable DHEA sulfate, androgen excess, and metabolic disease, suggesting that ubiquitous PAPSS1 cannot compensate for deficient PAPSS2 in supporting DHEA sulfation. In knockdown studies in human adrenocortical NCI-H295R1 cells, we found that PAPSS2, but not PAPSS1, is required for efficient DHEA sulfation. Specific APS kinase activity, the rate-limiting step in PAPS biosynthesis, did not differ between PAPSS1 and PAPSS2. Co-expression of cytoplasmic SULT2A1 with a cytoplasmic PAPSS2 variant supported DHEA sulfation more efficiently than co-expression with nuclear PAPSS2 or nuclear/cytosolic PAPSS1. Proximity ligation assays revealed protein-protein interactions between SULT2A1 and PAPSS2 and, to a lesser extent, PAPSS1. Molecular docking studies showed a putative binding site for SULT2A1 within the PAPSS2 APS kinase domain. Energy-dependent scoring of docking solutions identified the interaction as specific for the PAPSS2 and SULT2A1 isoforms. These findings elucidate the mechanistic basis for the selective requirement for PAPSS2 in human DHEA sulfation.
An N-Terminal Missense Mutation in STX11 Causative of FHL4 Abrogates Syntaxin-11 Binding to Munc18-2 (2014)

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an often-fatal hyperinflammatory disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, and STXBP2. We identified a homozygous STX11 mutation, c.173T > C (p.L58P), in three patients presenting clinically with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis from unrelated Pakistani families. The mutation yields an amino acid substitution in the N-terminal Habc domain of syntaxin-11 and resulted in defective natural killer cell degranulation. Notably, syntaxin-11 expression was decreased in patient cells. However, in an ectopic expression system, syntaxin-11 L58P was expressed at levels comparable to wild-type syntaxin-11, but did not bind Munc18-2. Moreover, another N-terminal syntaxin-11 mutant, R4A, also did not bind Munc18-2. Thus, we have identified a novel missense STX11 mutation causative of FHL type 4. The syntaxin-11 R4A and L58P mutations reveal that both the N-terminus and Habc domain of syntaxin-11 are required for binding to Munc18-2, implying similarity to the dynamic binary binding of neuronal syntaxin-1 to Munc18-1.
Inflammatory bowel disease in families with four or more affected first-degree relatives (2022)

IBD with a very strong positive family history is associated with younger age at onset and a more adverse IBD phenotype compared to sporadic IBD.
Intravencus Lidocaine Overdosage in a Child (1986)

A six-year-old child inadvertently received an IV solution containing lidocaine HCl. An estimated total dose of 1.2 gm. was administered over approximately an hour. The child had asystole and grand mal seizures associated with lidocaine serum concentration of 19.2 mcg/ml. The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine overdose and treatment are discussed.
Changes in Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Induced by PPARγ Activation have no Impact on RBP4 Plasma Concentrations in Nondiabetic Patients (2009)

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been suggested as a good biomarker for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications. The prospective, parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed with 125 nondiabetic patients with increased cardiovascular risk (78 females, 47 males, age (mean+/-STD): 58.6+/-7.8 years, BMI: 30.8+/-4.2 kg/m (2)). They were randomized to either receive PIO (45 mg)+placebo, SIMVA (40 mg)+placebo, or PIO+SIMVA for 3 months. Key outcome measures were the HOMA (IR)-Score, an oral glucose tolerance test, adiponectin, hsCRP, and RBP4 at baseline and endpoint. No correlation could be detected between the HOMA (IR) values or the impaired fasting glucose tolerance status and RBP-4. Treatment with PIO alone or in combination with SIMVA resulted in a significant improvement of the HOMA (IR)-Score and the adiponectin values, while no change in HOMA (IR) and a decrease in adiponectin (p<0.05) were observed with SIMVA monotherapy. Reductions of hsCRP were seen in all three treatment arms (p<0.001). No changes of the plasma RBP4 concentrations were observed in any of the treatment groups (PIO: 35.6+/-7.2/36.3+/-8.7 ng/ml, PIO+SIMVA: 36.5+/-10.8/36.5+/-8 ng/ml, SIMVA: 36.1+/-8.1/36.6+/-11.1 ng/ml, all n.s. vs. baseline). Despite a partial or comprehensive improvement in insulin resistance and/or cardiovascular risk indicators in all treatment arms, no change in RBP4-levels could be observed. The regulation of RBP4 expression and secretion occurs through biochemical pathways independent from those influenced by pioglitazone or simvastatin.
ChemInform Abstract: Epsilon‐Lactam Analogues of the Anthelmintic Cyclodepsipeptide PF1022A. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance analysis of AFDX switch for space onboard data networks (2016)

Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) is designed for deterministic communications in avionics sensor networks embedded in large aircraft such as the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787. This paper proposes to apply the AFDX concept to the space domain, since there are increasing requirements to develop a similar system in spacecraft. In this paper, the AFDX switch is comprehensively studied and analyzed to tailor the standard for applicability to the space domain. The evaluation results show that AFDX can be efficiently adapted for space onboard data networks to provide deterministic communications even in asynchronous and high-traffic networks.
Flow Update for the Carbonylation of 1-Silyl-Substituted Organolithiums under CO Pressure (2014)

The generation of, and subsequent reactions with, 1-silyl-substituted organolithiums with CO was carried out using serially connected flow microreactors. The flow system proved to be quite useful for the carbonylation of silyl-substituted organolithiums under slightly pressurized conditions of CO, which was created conveniently by the use of a back-pressure regulator. This flow system, coupled with heating, accelerated the carbonylation reaction of 1-silyl-substituted organolithiums and allowed the stable silyl-substituted alkyllithium, 1,3-disilylallyllithium, which was not effective in a batch-flask reaction under a CO atmosphere, to participate in an efficient carbonylation reaction.
Ultrathin films of ionomers for sensors technology by Langmuir-Blodgett techniques (2004)

Ion-exchange voltammetry is an electroanalytical technique which employs solid electrodes modified by a thin film of ion-exchange polymers [1]. The polymeric coating allows the selective ion-exchange preconcentration and voltammetric determination of traces inorganic and organic electroactive ions of interest for environmental, biomedical or pharmaceutical analysis. Usually, the ion-exchange film is deposited by dipor spin-coating procedures, which however suffer for relatively scarce reproducibility, lack of control of the structure and surface properties of the film and require relatively high equilibration time for the preconcentration of the analyte. Recently, in our laboratory we developed original methods for preparing ultrathin films of ionomeric polymers (Nafion, Tosflex, Eastman AQ) by using Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) [2,3] and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) techniques [4]. Information on morphological characteristics of the ultrathin coatings were obtained by atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance. Even with thicknesses as small as 10 nm, LB and LS films showed a satisfactory uniformity and complete coverage of the electrode surface with full ion-exchange permselectivity. The ion-exchange and mass and charge transport properties indicated a different organization degree of the polymer layer with respect to films obtained by conventional coating methods [3]. With the LB technique it was possible to prepare mixed ionomer/ protein ultrathin films useful for the preparation of modified surfaces suitable for biosensing and electrocatalysis purposes. Data concerning the preparation and characterization of mixed LB films of Nafion or of the polyester sulphonated AQ 55 with cytochrome c are presented and discussed.
Looking Back and Moving Forward (2007)

This review chronicles the origins of the use of the term “dispositions” in teacher education and highlights problems in its current definitions and applications, suggesting questions that need to be addressed in dealing with those problems and outlining necessary changes in teacher education programs to address development and assessment of the whole teacher.
Knowledge-based automation of Web-based learning materials using semantic Web technologies (2004)

Today, an increasing number of junior and senior high schools, and universities use computer-network-based distance learning systems. However, teachers face a cost problem when developing learning materials for such systems. It takes much time, practice, and devotion to design and develop learning materials from scratch. The cost is particularly high when teachers try to create distance learning systems to help students interactively and naturally. I believe that we can leverage knowledge bases and semantic Web technologies for most of this work, and thereby largely relinquish it to computers. To justify this belief, we have developed a prototype system that can automate Web-based learning materials. The target problem is a mathematical optimization problem. This paper outlines the system and provides a concrete description of the automation process.
γ-Interferon Production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes From Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients: Correlation With the Presence of Human Herpesvirus-8 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Lesional Macrophages (1998)

Evidence indicates that, at least in the early stage, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a cytokine-mediated disease and that it is consistently associated with a novel herpesvirus termed human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). To gain insights into the mechanisms by which cytokines and HHV-8 may cooperate in disease pathogenesis, we examined the phenotype, the Th1 (gamma-interferon [gamma IFN]) and Th2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4] cytokine profile and the presence of HHV-8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and spindle cell cultures derived from skin lesions of patients affected by classical KS (C-KS) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated KS (AIDS-KS). TIL and spindle cell cultures were examined at day 0 or after culture in conditioned media from activated T cells (TCM) that contain the same cytokines increased in KS tissues. No differences were found in the immunophenotype of PBMC from C-KS patients versus controls, except for AIDS-KS patients who showed a T-CD8+ expansion. However, a preferential infiltration of T-CD8+ cells was found in all KS lesions examined, which was maintained after culture of TIL in TCM. gamma IFN production was found in both PBMC and cultures derived from all KS examined; some IL-4 positive supernatants were found only in three AIDS-KS cases. Uninvolved skin did not show appreciable lymphocyte infiltration or cytokine production. The culture conditions of the lesional skin allowed also the appearance of adherent, spindle-like cells bearing markers of tissue macrophages. Finally, most or all of the PBMC, lesions, and macrophagic cell cultures from the skin lesions were found to be positive for HHV-8 infection by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These findings indicate that patients with KS express a Th1 phenotype with a prevalent gamma IFN production, likely accounted for by the local T-CD8+ infiltration. By analogy with other viral infections (i.e., Epstein-Barr virus), this suggests that in loco recruitment of lymphoid cells and the subsequent gamma IFN production may be in response to or elicited by HHV-8 that was found in both PBMC and macrophagic cell cultures from the lesions of the same patients.
The Pattern of Longitudinal Change in Serum Creatinine and 90-Day Mortality After Major Surgery (2015)

We demonstrate the nonlinear relationship between both severity and recovery of renal dysfunction and 90-day mortality after major surgery. We have developed an easily applicable computer algorithm that calculates this complex relationship.
Power spectrum of Uplink Array signals with random phase and delay errors (2012)

Uplink Array signals emanating from different antennas must be compensated for Doppler and delay in order to achieve the N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> array gain predicted by theory <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . However compensation is never perfect, leaving residual errors that cause losses in array gain and degradation in signal quality. Here we develop a mathematical model for Uplink Array signals in the presence of phase and delay errors, similar to well-known multipath analyses but with features unique to this problem. The resulting losses and distortions are described, and the power spectral density of the array signal derived first conditioned on a given error vector, then averaged over distributions deemed suitable for Uplink Array applications. The impact of phase and delay errors on array gain and signal distortion are addressed, and the maximum data throughput is quantified in terms of the assumed error statistics.
Direct Observation of Photoinduced Gratings in LiNbO<sub>3</sub>:Fe Single Crystals Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (1995)

Charge gratings induced in LiNbO 3 :Fe single crystals in which photorefractive gratings had been formed by means of two-wave mixing of laser beams were directly observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gratings were found in both the surface defects and cleavage planes of the crystals and their wave vectors corresponded well with those of the interference fringes made by two laser beams. It was also suggested that the profiles of the gratings agree with the nonsinusoidal functions derived from theoretical calculations. Moreover, the formation mechanism of the charge gratings was discussed.
Effects of device resolution on three-dimensional integral imaging (2004)

We present the effects of a finite number of pixels in elemental images on the resolution and the depth of focus in three-dimensional integral imaging (II). We show that the number of pixels in elemental images determines not only the lateral resolution but also the depth resolution. The minimum number of pixels required in each elemental image is calculated to avoid depth-of-focus degradation. We evaluate how II system performance degrades as the number of pixels in each elemental image changes. The product of the depth of focus and the lateral resolution squared is used as the performance metric.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Mixed Indole 2,3‐Bis(sulfides). A Study of the Mechanism of the Second Sulfenylation of Indole. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Application of essentially nonoscillatory schemes to unsteady hypersonic shock-shock interference heating problems (1994)

We apply the high-order finite-volume essentially nonoscillatory (ENO) schemes to unsteady hypersonic shock-shock interference heating on a circular cylinder. Compared with most of the current second-order numerical methods, which usually are not uniformly accurate, the ENO schemes are able to achieve uniformly high-order accuracy with essentially no oscillation in simulating the aerodynamics of hypersonic flows. Time-accurate high-resolution numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for a type IV hypersonic shock-wave interference heating problem have been obtained by using the third-order accurate ENO scheme in time and space
Optico-acoustic characterization of the fractal structure of radiation from a laser with unstable resonator (2000)

The thermooptical excitation of sound in a liquid by fluctuating laser radiation with sine-modulated intensity is studied theoretically. The intensity is randomly distributed over the beam cross section. It is assumed that the random processes are homogeneous and that the spatial spectrum of intensity fluctuations obeys a power fractal law. Possibilities for the optico-acoustic characterization of the fractal radiation structure of a laser with unstable resonator are discussed.
Integral Dip Move Out Operator for Transversely Isotropic Media - the Hyperbolic Case (1998)

Abstract The methods which takes into account the anisotropy for the transversely isotropic models with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI media) were developed in the recent years.
High Fundamental Repetition Rate Fiber Lasers Operated in Strong Normal Dispersion Regime (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We demonstrate a high fundamental repetition rate erbium-doped fiber ring laser operated in strong normal dispersion regime passively mode-locked by the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. A novel scheme of using a polarization beam splitter as both the pump input coupler and the fiber laser output coupler is employed to increase the repetition rate of the fiber laser. Gain-guided solitons with a fundamental repetition rate of 234 MHz and 1.11-ps pulsewidth are achieved from the ring laser cavity. </para>
HIF-1 and tumour radiosensitivity (2006)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays important roles in regulating radiosensitivity, making it a potentially promising target for tumour radiosensitisation. Here, we discuss the rationale for, and the potential pitfalls of, combining HIF-1 blockade with radiotherapy. In doing so, we describe clinical scenarios in which HIF-1 inhibition might optimise tumour radiosensitivity.
IDARC-BRIDGE: A Computational Platform for Seismic Damage Assessment of Bridge Structures (1998)

This report presents the theoretical background of a computer platform for three-dimensional inelastic analysis of bridge structures. Two distinct goals define the scope of IDARC-Bridge: (1) to serve as an efficient and user-friendly analytical tool for investigating the behavior of bridge structures by engineers and researchers, and (2) to provide a framework for future software development by allowing the user to incorporate new modules, element types and component models or replace the existing ones. IDARC BRIDGE offers methods for investigating the demand imposed by various types of excitation, as well as static and dynamic pushover options for assessing the available capacity and possible collapse modes. These two aspects of structural behavior are compared, using the concept of cumulative damage indexing, to provide information on the amount and location of damage in the system. The platform employs a macro-modeling approach to component modeling, which requires a good knowledge of the force-deformation properties of the member elements, information that can be derived by experiment or analysis of rigorous micro-models.
Application of direct bioautography and SPME-GC-MS for the study of antibacterial chamomile ingredients (2012)

The isolation and characterization of antibacterial chamomile components were performed by the use of direct bioautography and solid phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). Four ingredients, active against Vibrio fischeri, were identified as the polyacetylene geometric isomers cisand trans-spiroethers, the coumarin related herniarin, and the sesquiterpene alcohol (−)-alpha-bisabolol.
Potential of ultrasound diagnosis for parotid tumors: Analysis of qualitative and quantitative parameters (2007)

Although contrast medium analysis provided statistical criteria, these, however, do not possess the ability to improve the diagnostic prediction of tumor histology. Neither the morphologic classification nor contrast medium analysis was able to identify a malignant lesion sufficiently.
SHADOW DARK MATTER AS A MANIFESTATION OF i ↔ -i SYMMETRY IN PRE-QUANTUM TRACE DYNAMICS (2013)

We propose an alternate version of the "shadow world" hypothesis for the origin of dark matter. Instead of postulating that the shadow world is a "mirror" world under parity or charge-parity reflection, we suggest that the existence of a shadow world arises from the fact that i or –i can be the imaginary unit in complex quantum mechanics. This mechanism is a natural consequence of "trace dynamics" pre-quantum theory, from which quantum mechanics over the complex number field emerges as a statistical mechanical approximation. Because the pre-quantum dynamics does not pick out a preferred imaginary unit, the emergent quantum dynamics contains two sectors, one based on i and the other on –i, with both sectors coupled to gravity.