gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of synergistic osteogenesis between icariin and BMP2 through a micro/meso hierarchical porous delivery system (2017)

BMP2 is well known as an outstanding growth factor for inducing new bone formation. However, improvements are still required to use BMP2 effectively and expand its clinical application due to the potential side effects at high doses. In this study, icariin (IC), a type of traditional Chinese medicine, was originally proposed to be a cooperative factor for BMP2. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay showed that IC promoted BMP2 osteogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner with significant enhancement at 38.4 µM versus that for BMP2 at 0.8 µg/mL. Furthermore, we developed a composite hierarchical porous scaffold (SF/SBA15; composed of micropores of silk fibroin [SF] scaffold and mesopores of SBA15) for the controlled delivery of BMP2 and IC. This composite scaffold was investigated by a series of physical characterizations and displayed good in vitro cell biocompatibility. In addition, the composite scaffold also showed the degradation rate of 12% dry weight loss and a slight change in the microstructures within 10 days. Moreover, BMP2 and IC were loaded into the SF and SBA15 structures, respectively, of the SF/SBA15 scaffold. This protein/drug loading system (SF<sub>BMP2</sub>/SBA15<sub>IC</sub>) provided delivery of BMP2 with an initial burst release of 60.9%±0.9% in the first 24 hours and a gradual release over the subsequent 6 days to 97.9%±0.8%, whereas IC exhibited a burst release of 64.2%±0.7% in the first 24 hours, followed by a sustained release to 92.4%±0.8% over 10 days. With the prolonged local retention and interaction duration of BMP2 and IC, the SF<sub>BMP2</sub>/SBA15<sub>IC</sub> scaffold provided better osteogenic differentiation than other groups with different loading modes of BMP2 or IC, as determined by ALP staining and quantitation and Alizarin red staining. Finally, the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the SF<sub>BMP2</sub>/SBA15<sub>IC</sub> scaffold induced a significantly higher increase in the <i>RUNX2, ALP, COL I</i>, and <i>OCN</i> expression levels of cocultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells than other payload composite scaffolds. This study suggests that a micro/meso hierarchical porous delivery system of BMP2 and IC ensures osteogenic synergy and demonstrates promise for bone tissue engineering.
Biological wastewater treatment followed by physicochemical treatment for the removal of fluorinated surfactants (2010)

Perfluorinated surfactants (PFS) have become compounds of high concern during the last decade. While "conventional surfactants" are degraded to a great extent in the biological wastewater treatment process, partly or perfluorinated surfactants are not only stable against biodegradation but also against oxidizing agents, they even resist OH-radical attacks. Our objectives were to eliminate the fluorinated surfactants perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by adsorption, separation or degradation with a balance of precursor compounds and follow-up of degradation products. Therefore, municipal wastewater was spiked with these fluorinated surfactants before membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment-applying microfiltration membranes--was performed and before permeates were treated using ozone (O3) or different advanced oxidation treatment (AOP) techniques. O3 or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), both in combination with UV radiation or in combination with catalysts, was applied. Removal by adsorption or membrane separation as well as degradation were monitored by substance specific determination and identification. High resolution mass spectrometry after high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/HRMS and -MS(n)) was used for analysis. Contact to Teflon and/or glass during all analytical procedures was avoided.
The foetus and neonate with multiple the role of the midwife : primary healthcare (2005)

The midwife plays a major role when dealing with foetuses and neonates with multiple congenital abnormalities (MCA); if a foetus or neonate is delivered with MCA, it is important to try to establish a diagnosis, specifically if this has not been confirmed by invasive prenatal testing. With a diagnosis, the risks of recurrence can be established and informed reproductive choices and decisions regarding testing in future pregnancies can thus be made. The midwife, because she / he is usually the first contact for a pregnant woman, should be able to recognise women and foetuses potentially at risk, understand the procedures to follow when a baby is born with MCA, and be aware of the genetic counselling clinics in the area for referral. Historically, genetics was seen as a specialist subject, but with the advent of the Human Genome Project it is vital that all healthcare professionals understand the implications for their clients in all areas of health care.
You've Got to Talk Him Out of It (2004)

When a student makes his sexual identity public in a small rural community, worst-case scenarios occupy the principal's thoughts. Prepare for problems but don't underestimate your students and school community. Be ready to live up to your school's mission statement that promises to care for every student.
U.S. Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing, 2010 (2013)

Treating infections is one of the greatest successes in medicine, but it may be too easy to prescribe antibiotics. This report reviews U.S. outpatient antibiotic use in 2010.
Multi-Scale Self-Guided Attention for Medical Image Segmentation (2020)

Even though convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are driving progress in medical image segmentation, standard models still have some drawbacks. First, the use of multi-scale approaches, i.e., encoder-decoder architectures, leads to a redundant use of information, where similar low-level features are extracted multiple times at multiple scales. Second, long-range feature dependencies are not efficiently modeled, resulting in non-optimal discriminative feature representations associated with each semantic class. In this paper we attempt to overcome these limitations with the proposed architecture, by capturing richer contextual dependencies based on the use of guided self-attention mechanisms. This approach is able to integrate local features with their corresponding global dependencies, as well as highlight interdependent channel maps in an adaptive manner. Further, the additional loss between different modules guides the attention mechanisms to neglect irrelevant information and focus on more discriminant regions of the image by emphasizing relevant feature associations. We evaluate the proposed model in the context of semantic segmentation on three different datasets: abdominal organs, cardiovascular structures and brain tumors. A series of ablation experiments support the importance of these attention modules in the proposed architecture. In addition, compared to other state-of-the-art segmentation networks our model yields better segmentation performance, increasing the accuracy of the predictions while reducing the standard deviation. This demonstrates the efficiency of our approach to generate precise and reliable automatic segmentations of medical images. Our code is made publicly available at: https://github.com/sinAshish/Multi-Scale-Attention.
The Benefits of Artemisinin Combination Therapy for Malaria Extend Beyond the Individual Patient (2005)

Garner and Graves discuss the implications of a new study in PLoS Medicine that found that artemisinin combination treatment reduces infectiousness
Intelligent Localization Sampling System Based on Deep Learning and Image Processing Technology (2022)

In this paper, deep learning and image processing technologies are combined, and an automatic sampling robot is proposed that can completely replace the manual method in the three-dimensional space when used for the autonomous location of sampling points. It can also achieve good localization accuracy, which solves the problems of the high labor intensity, low efficiency, and poor scientific accuracy of the manual sampling of mineral powder. To improve localization accuracy and eliminate non-linear image distortion due to wide-angle lenses, distortion correction was applied to the captured images. We solved the problem of low detection accuracy in some scenes of Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) through data augmentation. A visual localization model has been established, and the image coordinates of the sampling point have been determined through color screening, image segmentation, and connected body feature screening, while coordinate conversion has been performed to complete the spatial localization of the sampling point, guiding the robot in performing accurate sampling. Field experiments were conducted to validate the intelligent sampling robot, which showed that the maximum visual positioning error of the robot is 36 mm in the x-direction and 24 mm in the y-direction, both of which meet the error range of less than or equal to 50 mm, and could meet the technical standards and requirements of industrial sampling localization accuracy.
A log file design for analyzing secondary storage occupancy (1981)

A description of the design and implementation of a log file for analyzing the occupancy of secondary storage on IBM computer systems is discussed. Typical applications of the data contained in the log are also discussed.
Harvesting Energy from Water Flow over Graphene? (2012)

It is reported excitingly in a previous letter (Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3123) that a small piece of graphene sheet about 30 × 16 μm(2) immersed in flowing water with 0.6 M hydrochloric acid can produce voltage ~20 mV. Here we find that no measurable voltage can be induced by the flow over mono-, bi- and trilayered graphene samples of ~1 × 1.5 cm(2) in size in the same solution once the electrodes on graphene are isolated from interacting with the solution, mainly because the H(3)O(+) cations in the water adsorb onto graphene by strong covalent bonds as revealed by our first-principles calculations. When both the graphene and its metal electrodes are exposed to the solution as in the previous work, water flow over the graphene-electrode system can induce voltages from a few to over a hundred millivolts. In this situation, the graphene mainly behaves as a load connecting between the electrodes. Therefore, the harvested energy is not from the immersed carbon nanomaterials themselves in ionic water flow but dominated by the exposed electrodes.
Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology: The role of corticosteroids in dermatology (1998)

Corticosteroids are extremely useful in the treatment of skin disorders. Topical applications are
The spectre of the School of Night: former scholarly fictions and the stuff of academic fiction (2014)

This article re-examines the fortunes of the School of Night over the past century as it transitioned from a scholarly theory that enjoyed wide acceptance by early modernists to become almost exclusively the stuff of literature. As imaginative engagements with this supposed esoteric coterie (a group allegedly comprised of Marlowe, Ralegh, Hariot, Chapman, and other Elizabethan notables) in contemporary novels are frequently linked with fictionalisations of research activity and academic enquiry, this article first traces the contours of the School’s rise and fall in—as well as its spectral haunting of—real-life, twentieth-century scholarship before shifting focus to Alan Wall’s School of Night (2001), Louis Bayard’s The School of Night (2011) and Deborah Harkness’s Shadow of Night (2012). I argue that these three recent academic novels share far more than their near-identical titles, for in them, we find a consistent constellation of the supposed Elizabethan group with concerns of factuality, authority and legitimacy. Furthermore, in all of these novels, the payoff of bringing a fictive researcher into contact with the School of Night is ultimately the same: it provides a platform for reimagining of the nexus of historical and intertextual relationships surrounding Marlowe and Shakespeare.
The Correlation between Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis and Motor Impairment of Hemiplegic Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients (2005)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and motor potentials (MEPs) and to study the relationship between CCD and the severity and prognosis of stroke. Method: 28 patients with first-ever unilateral stroke were recruited for this study. The central motor conduction times (CMCTs) were obtained from Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and Abductor hallucis (AH) by recording MEPs. The existence of CCD was evaluated by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of brain. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), Motricity Index (MI), and functional outcome scales were measured. Results: The presence of CCD correlated significantly with not evoked MEPs in upper extremity (p 0.05) and volume of brain lesion (p>0.05). There was a significant correlation between the presence of CCD and lower MI score of upper extremity (p
Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in U.S. Hospitals, 1975–1991 (1992)

Abstract Objectives: Analyze changes that have occurred among U.S. hospitals over a 17-year period, 1975 through 1991, in the percentage of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to b-lactam antibiotics and associated with nosocomial infections. Design: Retrospective review. The percentage of methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) was defined as the number of S aureus isolates resistant to either methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin divided by the total number of S aureus isolates for which methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin susceptibility test results were reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. Setting: NNIS System hospitals. Results: Of the 66,132 S aureus isolates that were tested for susceptibility to methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin during 1975 through 1991, 6,986 (11%) were resistant to methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin. The percentage MRSA among all hospitals rose from 2.4% in 1975 to 29% in 1991, but the rate of increase differed significantly among 3 bed-size categories: <200 beds, 200 to 499 beds, and 2500 beds. In 1991, for hospitals with <200 beds, 14.9% of S aureus isolates were MRSA, for hospitals with 200 to 499 beds, 20.3% were MRSA; and for hospitals with >500 beds, 38.3% were MRSA. The percentage MRSA in each of the bed-size categories rose above 5% at different times: in 1983, for hospitals with 2500 beds; in 1985, for hospitals with 200 to 499 beds; and in 1987, for hospitals with <200 beds. Conclusions: This study suggests that hospitals of all sizes are facing the problem of MRSA, the problem appears to be increasing regardless of hospital size, and control measures advocated for MRSA appear to require re-evaluation. Further study of MRSA in hospitals would benefit our understanding of this costly pathogen.
Synergistic Ecffect of Microwave Heating and Hydrogen Peroxide on Inactivatio of Microorganisms (1998)

Escherichia coli K-12 isogenous strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 102 were used to study the synergistic effects of combined microwave heating at short-time processing with low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of microwave heating to temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 degrees C, as well as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.05, 0.08 and 0.1%), the sequence of the agents' use, the nature of microorganisms on the survival of cells, DNA damages and interaction factors were studied. A method of anomalous viscosity time dependencies (AVTD) was used for measurement of the changes of genome conformational state (GCS) simultaneously with bacterial survival determination. The synergistic effect of microwave heating and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide was observed under combined application, and reached a maximum when the cells were exposed to microwave heating to 50 degrees C and 0.08% hydrogen peroxide simultaneously. Both maxima of cell destruction and DNA injuries have been achieved by successive exposure to (MW + 10 min H2O2) to 60 degrees C and 0.08% hydrogen peroxide. The mechanisms of synergistic effects, the role of a disturbance of DNA repair and the interaction of sublethal injuries caused by different agents are discussed.
Protoplasts and Spheroplasts of Gram-Negative Bacteria (With Special Emphasis on Proteus mirabilis) (1983)

Cell wall-defective spherical forms of Gram-negative bacteria have a long tradition as tools in studies on bacterial biochemistry and molecular biology, and especially as host organisms for genetic transformation and transfection. Important organisms which have been used for such purposes include Escherichia coli, and several other enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus sp.) in addition to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhizobium meliloti (for review see McQuillen 1960, Martin 1963, Benzinger 1978). As a timely extension of the transfection and transformation studies, Tsenin et al. (1978) and Coetzee and his colleagues (1979) have delivered first reports on successful use of cell wall defective spheroplasts of Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Providencia alcalifaciens for cell fusion followed by genetic recombination.
The Marketing and Economic Implications of Select Bankruptcies in North American Professional Sports Since the Start of the Global Economic Crisis (2013)

The purpose of this paper is to look at the effects of the global economic crisis on the North American professional sports industry, and more specifically some of the examples of how the significant change in the global economic landscape has had a direct effect on the sport business industry. The most interesting of these effects is the increase in the number of bankruptcies that have occurred over the past five years. An analysis of these bankruptcies in professional sports over the recent past will be described, including their causes and results. Specific analysis will focus on the marketing implications of these bankruptcies, including the challenges faced by marketing practitioners both internal and external to the professional sports industry. This paper will conclude with recommendations of how sport businesses should potentially operate going forward in this trying economic landscape from both an economic and marketing application perspective.
Formulation of the maximum signal-to-noise ratio array processor in beam space (1982)

The maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) processor as formulated by Edelblute et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 41, 199–206 (1967)] has proved extremely useful in the analysis and interpretation of sonar data. In a known noise field this processor uses an optimum set of weights (or shading coefficients) derived from the crosspower spectral matrix of receiver noise outputs. In this paper an alternative maximum SNR processor is derived. This processor transforms the outputs of a conventional frequency domain beamformer in such a way that the SNR in the transformed beam is maximized. Expressions for the transformation (i.e., the complex beam weights) and the resulting array gain are derived. Some general properties of the beam space formulation are discussed and conditions for its equivalence to the element space formulation of Edelblute et al. are determined. Examples using both simulated and sonar data are given to compare the beam and element space formulations.
Activities and Partial Purification of Extracellular Proteases of Bacteroides nodosus from Virulent and Benign Footrot (1982)

In an attempt to differentiate virulent and benign strains of B. nodosus, the extracellular proteolytic activity of these cultures was assayed with elastin, casein and hide powder azure, and the stability to heating at 55 degrees C was determined. Broth cultures of both strains hydrolysed 125I-labelled elastin, indicating that this activity is not a unique marker of virulence. When cultures were grown in Trypticase-arginine-serine broth medium modified by omitting Na2CO3 and thioglycollic acid, the total proteolytic activity and its stability at 55 degrees C could be used to differentiate isolates causing virulent or benign footrot lesions. However, when other broth cultures were used, these parameters could no longer be used to make such a distinction. The proteases of a virulent and benign strain of B. nodosus were partially purified and characterized. Four to five closely related proteases were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.8 in both types of isolates. The proteases are serine-type enzymes requiring a divalent metal ion such as calcium for activity. The proteases of the benign strain were somewhat less stable to heat than the enzymes of the virulent strain. Differences in the relative mobilities of the proteases of virulent and benign strains of B. nodosus, on electrophoresis at pH 8.8, suggest that this property may be used to distinguish virulent and benign strains.
The Iconography of Gender in Thomas Eakins Portraiture (1991)

Beginning with Lloyd Goodrich's detailed biographical and critical studies, Eakins has been touted as the essential realist "The basic thrust of Eakins' art," according to Jules David Prown, "and of his teaching was in the direction of heightened realism."Prown goes on to praise the artist's "accuracy in reproducing external reality... and in capturing internal reality as well." 1 The argument has been that Eakins painted what he saw with a detachment and precision that derived from his technical skill and training, and from his scientific interests, particularly anatomy and motion studies.This union of art and science, and his exceptional ability to penetrate the "characters" of his sitters have made him the virtual paradigm of realism for twentieth-century art historians and critics.These commentators are thus able to place him nicely at the center of the larger shift in world view, subject matter and style that occurred after the midnineteenth century in literature and the visual arts.Eakins joins the pantheon of realist writers like Twain, Wharton and James as a major exponent of the rejection of the Romantic sensibility and style in the art of the period.Such "isms" are helpful if one wishes to trace the evolution of style or the breaks and influences in artistic movements, but they are of limited value if the purpose is to understand what Eakins' paintings signified to people in his time, or why they continue to speak to us today.These categories and tags cannot tell us why he chose the subjects he did, why he concentrated on the portrait, how he manipulated the images of his sitters, or why his patrons and the public at large should have responded as they did to his work.Nor do they account for the