gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Navigator's Yeoman (1989)

This paper is concerned with potential improvements in the way man interacts with machines, maps and charts. Particular motivation comes from the new navigational challenges provided by the increasingly widespread use of electronic position-fixing aids in the marine field. Whilst automatic plotting tables and moving light spots have provided part of the solution in larger ships, much recent investment has been witnessed in the development of ‘electronic chart’-based systems. For a number of practical reasons, among which are the lack of available data bases for these systems and little updating and distribution infrastructure for them, it is believed that there is unlikely to be a wide acceptance of such equipment as the primary or sole plotting aid for a considerable number of years to come. Yeoman, a navigation plotting system which uses existing conventional charts, was conceived and developed to provide a simple and effective man–chart interface with few drawbacks. This paper provides the background for the development, the product and potential future evolution.
<title>Active image registration and recognition</title> (1995)

An active feature matching technique was developed, which incorporated both local and global information in the matching process, to achieve a global optimal goodness-of-match. First, an optimal snake was developed to reduce the 2D object of interest to a 1D feature string. This snake has the capability to extract accurate information about an object's corners that contains critical important discriminant information. High performance was achieved by dividing the energy optimization process into multiple stages that optimized both performance and speed of the snake. After the objects to be matched were reduced to two feature vector strings, dynamic feature matching (DFM) was used to match these strings. DFM matched the two feature strings in a global optimally way by using the Bellman optimality principle. An active image registration system was then developed using active feature matching to obtain a partial disparity map from which a full disparity map was estimated using regularization. This system was tested on a sequence of MR functional brain images. Results showed that the brain activation map obtained from registered images was significantly improved when compared to nonregistered images. Finally, an active image recognition system was implemented based on active feature matching. This system was applied to aircraft images and results showed that the active recognition system had superior distortion tolerance over the correlation based system and maintained good performance over a wide range of distortion. This tolerance to distortion was due to its 'active' nature. In other words, it, to some extent, mimicked human vision by dynamically adjusting the matching path so that the differences due to perspective distortion were minimized.
Fibered and Epitaxial Growth in Sputtered Films of GaAs (1964)

The crystal texture of GaAs films sputtered onto vitreous silica and polished CaF2 substrates has been investigated by electron diffraction and microscopy, and by x-ray diffraction, over a substrate temperature range from room temperature up to 600°C. On silica substrates the GaAs films possess either an amorphous structure or a crystalline structure with one-degree orientation of the crystallites, depending on the substrate temperature and on the sputtering condition at the growing surface. In cases where the anode substrate support is kept in the positive column of the discharge a predominant 〈111〉 orientation is present over the whole temperature range. When the GaAs films are deposited on a substrate in the Faraday dark space, however, they are amorphous up to about 400°C, and show a 〈110〉 texture up to 510°C that changes abruptly to a 〈111〉 texture with further temperature increase. The persistence of the 〈111〉 texture, under anodic glow conditions at low nominal substrate temperatures is attributed to indirect heating derived from energy liberated at the growing surface. The use of a polished crystal of CaF2 in place of the vitreous silica substrate does not alter the observed orientation effects. Electron diffraction studies have also been made of the growth of GaAs films on single-crystal Ge substrates. In GaAs films sputtered onto the (100), (110), and (111) faces of Ge, epitaxial growth occurs at elevated temperatures but is only complete above 560°C, and is usually associated with extensive twinning. At temperatures above 580°C breakdown of the epitaxial structure occurs and appears to be associated with loss of arsenic.
Outcomes Management (1996)

Rising U.S. health-care costs have resulted in mandates to reform the health system. Payors are closely scrutinizing care delivery and have empowered themselves as gatekeepers for consumer health-care access. In the late 1980s, outcomes management emerged as an interdisciplinary process advocating the measurement of health outcomes among populations undergoing medical care. Outcomes management provides a mechanism to foster development of patient-driven health services aimed to impact clinical quality through intermediate and long-term outcome analysis. Outcomes measurement facilitates ongoing enhancement of interdisciplinary health-care delivery, enabling determination of "best" practice and identification of opportunities for practice improvement. The advanced practice nurse's unique educational preparation provides a framework for development of the prerequisite leadership qualities necessary to cultivate an outcomes management program.
Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Towards High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Optoelectronic Devices (2014)

Highly crystalline organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets are grown on muscovite mica utilizing van der Waals epitaxial growth followed by thermally intercalating methyl ammonium halides. The resulting CH3NH3PbI3 platelets show excellent optical properties with an electron diffusion length of more than 200 nm, which is approximately two times higher than that of the solution-processed film, suggesting considerable promise in photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Berichtigung: Synthetic Studies on Chartelline C: Stereoselective Construction of the Core Skeleton (2014)

Einige der in den Hintergrundinformationen zu diesem Manuskript abgebildeten NMR-Spektren wurden falsch prozessiert. Abbildungen der korrekten Spektren sind in den Hintergrundinformationen zu dieser Berichtigung zu finden. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A simultaneous parameter adaptation scheme for genetic algorithms with application to phased array synthesis (2005)

Genetic algorithms are commonly used to solve many optimization and synthesis problems. An important issue facing the user is the selection of genetic algorithm parameters, such as mutation rate, mutation range, and number of crossovers. This paper demonstrates a real-valued genetic algorithm that simultaneously adapts several such parameters during the optimization process. This adaptive algorithm is shown to outperform its static counterparts when used to synthesize the phased array weights to satisfy specified far-field sidelobe constraints, and can perform amplitude-only, phase-only, and complex weight synthesis. When compared to conventional static parameter implementations, computation time is saved in two ways: 1) The algorithm converges faster and 2) the need to tune parameters by hand (generally done by repeatedly running the code with different parameter choices) is greatly reduced. By requiring less iteration to solve a given problem, this approach may benefit electromagnetic optimization problems with expensive cost functions, since genetic algorithms generally require many function evaluations to converge. The adaptive process also provides insight into the qualitative importance of parameters, and dynamically adjusting the mutation range is found to be especially beneficial.
Sight for Sorghums: Comparisons of Satellite- and Ground-Based Sorghum Yield Estimates in Mali (2019)

The advent of multiple satellite systems capable of resolving smallholder agricultural plots raises possibilities for significant advances in measuring and understanding agricultural productivity in smallholder systems. However, since only imperfect yield data are typically available for model training and validation, assessing the accuracy of satellite-based estimates remains a central challenge. Leveraging a survey experiment in Mali, this study uses plot-level sorghum yield estimates, based on farmer reporting and crop cutting, to construct and evaluate estimates from three satellite-based sensors. Consistent with prior work, the analysis indicates low correlation between the ground-based yield measures (r = 0.33). Satellite greenness, as measured by the growing season peak value of the green chlorophyll vegetation index from Sentinel-2, correlates much more strongly with crop cut (r = 0.48) than with self-reported (r = 0.22) yields. Given the inevitable limitations of ground-based measures, the paper reports the results from the regressions of self-reported, crop cut, and (crop cut-calibrated) satellite sorghum yields. The regression covariates explain more than twice as much variation in calibrated satellite yields (R2 = 0.25) compared to self-reported or crop cut yields, suggesting that a satellite-based approach anchored in crop cuts can be used to track sorghum yields as well or perhaps better than traditional measures. Finally, the paper gauges the sensitivity of yield predictions to the use of Sentinel-2 versus higher-resolution imagery from Planetscope and DigitalGlobe. All three sensors exhibit similar performance, suggesting little gains from finer resolutions in this system.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the First‐Order Hyperpolarizability of Octupolar Merocyanine Dyes (2014)

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering experiments and quantum chemical calculations are combined to investigate the second-order nonlinear optical responses of a series of three-arm merocyanine derivatives. They exhibit an octupolar hyperpolarizability response with lower amplitude than crystal violet due to a lower extent of the photoinduced charge transfer and reduced bond length alternation. Strong effects on the second-order optical response measured close to the two-photon absorption level are clearly evidenced; for example, the effective measured polarization ratio deviates below the ideal octupolar value of 3/2 even at very low excitation power. These effects are attributed to two-photon absorption resonance, which we believe modifies dynamically the population of the ground state versus that of the excited state.
Expression of the cDNA and purification of P0 ribosomal protein from Lupinus luteus (1998)

Eukaryotic ribosomal protein P0 is localized on the large ribosomal subunit at the base of the specific "stalk" structure, close to the central protuberance. Recently we have obtained a clone coding for P0 ribosomal protein from L. luteus (yellow lupin) cDNA library. Here we present its expression in E. coli cells and purification of the target protein.
Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and glucose transporter expression in experimental inflammatory lesions and malignant tumours: effects of insulin and glucose loading (2002)

The expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and its relationship to fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in malignant tumours have been well investigated, while such a relation has not been studied in inflammatory lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of insulin and glucose loading on the expression of GLUTs in inflammatory lesions and compare them with those in malignant tumours in relation to fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation. All tissue specimens used in this study were obtained in our previous study, in which rats were inoculated with allogenic hepatoma cells (KDH-8), Staphylococcus aureus, or turpentine oil into the left calf muscle and divided into three subgroups: insulin loaded, glucose loaded, and control groups. The expression of glucose transporters (GLUT-1 to GLUT-5) was investigated by immunostaining the lesions (n=5-6, for each group). In all control groups, the expression levels of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 were significantly higher than those of GLUT-2, GLUT-4 and GLUT-5. Insulin loading did not significantly affect the expression levels of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in these lesions except for a significant but slight decrease in the GLUT-1 expression level in the inflammatory lesion of non-infectious origin (89% of the control value). Glucose loading significantly decreased the expression level of GLUT-1 in the inflammatory lesion of non-infectious origin (70% of the control value, P<0.01), and that of GLUT-3 in the inflammatory lesion of infectious origin (70% of the control value, P<0.05), while the expression levels of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in the tumour were not significantly affected. These results demonstrate the effects of insulin and glucose loading on the expression level of a molecule (GLUT proteins). The decreased GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression levels induced by glucose loading may partly explain the impaired FDG uptake observed in our previous study.
Comparative Proteomics of Ovarian Epithelial Tumors (2006)

We analyzed 12 ovarian epithelial tumors using 2D PAGE-based comparative proteomics to construct intra- and inter-tumoral distance map trees and to discover surrogate biomarkers indicative of an ovarian tumor. The analysis was performed after laser microdissection of 12 fresh-frozen tissue samples, including 4 serous, 5 mucinous, and 3 endometrioid tumors, with correlation with their histopathological characteristics. Ovarian epithelial tumors and normal tissues showed an apparent separation on the distance map tree. Mucinous carcinomas were closest to the normal group, whereas serous carcinomas were located furthest from the normal group. All mucinous tumors with aggressive histology were separated from the low malignant potential (LMP) group. The benign-looking cysts adjacent to the intraepithelial carcinoma (IEC) showed an expression pattern identical to that of the IEC area. The extent of change on the lineages leading to the mucinous and serous carcinoma was 1.98-fold different. The overall gene expression profiles of serous or endometrioid carcinomas appeared to be less affected by grade or stage than by histologic type. The potential candidate biomarkers screened in ovarian tumors and found to be significantly up-regulated in comparison to normal tissues were as follows: NM23, annexin-1, protein phosphatase-1, ferritin light chain, proteasome alpha-6, and NAGK (N-acetyl glucosamine kinase). In conclusion, ovarian mucinous tumors are distinct from other ovarian epithelial tumors. LMP mucinous tumors showing histologically aggressive features belong to mucinous carcinoma on the proteomic basis.
The effective period and damping of a class of hysteretic structures (1979)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation in which the maximum response of six hysteretic systems is calculated for an ensemble of twelve earthquakes. Inelastic response spectra are constructed for a range of response ductility. An effective linear period and damping are calculated for each system and ductility by determining those parameters which minimize an RMS response spectrum error. Conclusions are presented concerning the effects of deterioration, stiffness degradation, cracking and ductility on the effective linear system parameters.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Cerebral Palsy. (1993)

Recent reviews attest to the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in psychiatrically ill patients with concomitant neurologic disease. Four patients with mood disorders and cerebral palsy are described who achieved a therapeutic response with ECT without neurologic deterioration. ECT is safe in the treatment of mood disorders in patients with cerebral palsy.
Prevalence and Pattern of Craniofacial Pain and Headache in Danish Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (2018)

There is a dearth of knowledge about the pattern of pain and somatosensory alterations that co-exist with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Understanding the presence and underlying mechanisms will assist in better pain management in these patients. This study sought to identify prevalence and pattern of headache, craniofacial pain and abnormalities in somatosensory function within a group of NMOSD patients in Denmark. Six patients (two males, four females; mean age 41.2 ± 8.6 years) participated in a telephone interview. Eight questionnaires were used to assess pain, illness perception, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Pain occurred in several regions, including the head, face, neck, back and legs. Two patients experienced frequent headaches and one had headaches following neck pain. Pain occurred frequently over a 3-month period, ranging from mild to severe and described as ‘burning’ (66.7%), ‘exhausting’ (83.3%) and ‘sharp’ (50%). Correlations were found between pain severity and patients’ ‘ability to walk’ (r=0.889), ‘general activity’ (r=0.901), ‘mood’ (r=0.603), ‘normal work’ (r=0.664), ‘relations with other people’ (r=0.774) and ‘sleep’ (r=0.586). Somatosensory abnormality was only reported in legs. While fatigue had a great impact on patients’ daily life, patients did not report that for anxiety and depression. This study demonstrated that headaches and craniofacial pain occur frequently in NMOSD. Patients’ function, mobility, mood and sleep were all affected by pain. These findings highlight the value of further investigation on headaches, craniofacial and overall pain in NMOSD.
Impact of Nutritional Supplementation in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo Controlled Trials (2013)

Purpose: Whether nutritional supplementation (NS) is beneficial in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized studies to examine benefits of NS in ALD. Methods: Electronic databases (1980- 2010) were searched to include randomized controlled trials (RCT) on NS in alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and/or alcoholic hepatitis (AH), and extract data on short-term mortality (STM) at 28 days, long term mortality (LTM) at 1 year, proportion of patients with resolution of encephalopathy or ascites, improvement in serum albumin, AST, or total bilirubin. Pooled data on categorical variables was reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and continuous variables as differences in means (pretreatment - post treatment) with 95% CI. Data were considered signifi cant if the 95% CI on OR did not cross one, and on mean difference, did not cross 0. Random effects model was used for analyzing the pooled data. I2 and Egger's tests were used for assessing heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Results: A total of 19 RCT were included; 13 in AH patients (n=804), and six in AC (n=818). Seven RCT examined parenteral, and 12 enteral nutrition, of which five used branched chain amino acids (BCAA). RCTs differed with respect to patient cohorts, intervention details, and treatment duration. Pooled data showed trend for lower STM with NS for all studies: 0.87 [0.69-1.09], but not when analyzed separately for AH: 0.85 [0.52-1.38], or AC: 0.87 [0.67-1.13], or with BCAA supplementation: 0.93 [0.71-1.21]. However, STM improved significantly in nine RCTs, with difference between treatment and placebo groups of >1000 calories and/or 40 g protein/d: 0.64 [0.41-0.99]. There were trends for improved LTM: 0.69 [0.46-1.05] and encephalopathy 0.75 [0.51-1.11], without improvement in ascites 1.06 [0.44-2.56] in favor of supplementation. NS was associated with increase in mean serum albumin 2.08 [1.05 to 3.1] and decrease in AST 1.02 [0.18-1.86] and serum bilirubin 1.5 [0.49 - 2.5]. There were no adverse effects of NS. Conclusion: Nutritional supplementation in ALD patients is associated with improved liver tests and a trend for improvement in encephalopathy. A subgroup of patients with anorexia and markedly reduced intake derive potential survival benefit with supplementation. Because of strong medical rationale and good safety profile of nutritional supplementation, it should be considered a standard of care for ALD patients, especially in those with poor appetite and intake. Further large prospective studies are suggested to examine benefits of nutritional supplementation in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 Among Pregnant Women, 1989-2010 (2014)

Genital herpes in pregnancy frequently complicates management, although neonatal herpes, a potentially catastrophic complication, is rare1,2. Maternal acquisition of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2 near the time of delivery accounts for most neonatal herpes. Neonatal HSV incidence has been stable in recent decades, although a shift toward more HSV-1 infections has been reported1,3. Concurrently, a decline in HSV-1 seroprevalence, but not HSV-2, has been noted among reproductive-aged women in nationwide surveys4,5. We determined trends in the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among pregnant women delivering in a single urban academic center during two decades in Seattle, Washington.
A hierarchical, multi-resolutional moving object prediction approach for autonomous on-road driving (2004)

In this paper, we present a hierarchical multi-resolutional approach for moving object prediction via estimation-theoretic and situation-based probabilistic techniques. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in the presence of a dynamic environment. We have applied this approach to an on-road driving control hierarchy being developed as part of the DARPA Mobile Autonomous Robotic Systems (MARS) effort. Experimental results are shown in two simulation environments.
ChemInform Abstract: A THREE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF Δ‐AMINOLEVULINIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Das durch katalytische Hydrierung des Hydroxypyridons (I) erhaltene Piperidindion (II) wird zu der im Titel genannten Aminosäure (III) hydrolysiert.
Chapter 2. The Coupling of Microfabricated Fluidic Devices with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometers (2008)

The early days of proteomics were driven by the need to develop novel analytical techniques for the rapid and sensitive identification of gel-separated proteins. At that time, two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis was the predominant technique for separating complex protein mixtures. Furthermore,...
Non-Convex Feedback Optimization with Input and Output Constraints (2020)

In this letter, we present a novel control scheme for feedback optimization. That is, we propose a discrete-time controller that can steer a physical plant to the solution of a constrained optimization problem without numerically solving the problem. Our controller can be interpreted as a discretization of a continuous-time projected gradient flow. Compared to other schemes used for feedback optimization, such as saddle-point schemes or inexact penalty methods, our control approach combines several desirable properties: it asymptotically enforces constraints on the plant steady-state outputs, and temporary constraint violations can be easily quantified. Our scheme requires only reduced model information in the form of steady-state input-output sensitivities of the plant. Further, global convergence is guaranteed even for non-convex problems. Finally, our controller is straightforward to tune, since the step-size is the only tuning parameter.