gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of pairing and its role in the recombinative desorption of hydrogen from the Si(100)-2×1 surface (1991)

A scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of the recombinative desorption of hydrogen from the Si(100)-2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface is presented. Initially at room temperature, hydrogen atoms singly occupy the Si dimer units while at higher temperatures (\ensuremath{\sim}630 K) these atoms tend to pair up. This pairing phenomenon is due to a \ensuremath{\pi}-bonding interaction which favors pairing individual dangling bonds on the dimer units. Following desorption from the saturated surface, pairs of dangling bonds are found loaalized on the Si dimer units. The significance of these paired-dangling-bond sites is d)scussed in ligh* of the desorption model recently proposed by Sinniah et al.
New Area Based Metrics for Automatic Gait Recognition (2001)

Gait is a new biometric aimed to recognise a subject by the manner in which they walk. Gait has several advantages over other biometrics, most notably that it is non-invasive and perceivable at a distance when other biometrics are obscured. We present a new area based metric, called gait masks, which provides statistical data intimately related to the gait of the subject and motivated by medical studies. This provides the first statistical approach that can expose the dynamics of the change in area of a subject. Early results show promising results with a recognition rate of 90% on a standard database. Further, there appear to be performance advantages with respect to handling of noise associated with this new approach, together with capability for extension and generalisation. Future research will capitalise on the advantages of this new approach, together with analysis on a larger database.
Instance Adaptive Self-Training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2020)

The divergence between labeled training data and unlabeled testing data is a significant challenge for recent deep learning models. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) attempts to solve such a problem. Recent works show that self-training is a powerful approach to UDA. However, existing methods have difficulty in balancing scalability and performance. In this paper, we propose an instance adaptive self-training framework for UDA on the task of semantic segmentation. To effectively improve the quality of pseudo-labels, we develop a novel pseudo-label generation strategy with an instance adaptive selector. Besides, we propose the region-guided regularization to smooth the pseudo-label region and sharpen the non-pseudo-label region. Our method is so concise and efficient that it is easy to be generalized to other unsupervised domain adaptation methods. Experiments on 'GTA5 to Cityscapes' and 'SYNTHIA to Cityscapes' demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Isolation and characterization of nonsense mutations in gene 10 of bacteriophage phi 6 (1994)

Nonsense mutants of bacteriophage phi 6 were isolated by a procedure that involved directed mutagenesis of a cDNA copy of genomic segment M, transcription of this segment, in vitro packaging into procapsids, and transfection of spheroplasts to form viable mutant phage. Recombinant phi 6 viruses that contained amber mutations in two open reading frames, ORF 10 and ORF D, of genomic segment M were isolated. We show that phi 6 protein P10 is the gene product of ORF 10. Further characterization of the phi 6 ORF 10(Am) mutant revealed that phi 6 membrane-associated protein P10 is not required to make enveloped phage particles in infected cells. Enveloped phage particles isolated from a phi 6 ORF 10(Am) infection contained extremely low levels of phi 6 membrane-associated proteins P6 and P3. The low abundance is due to the very low level of P6 synthesis in phi 6 ORF 10(Am)-infected cells. The results suggest that P10 might play a role in regulating the translation of gene 6. Protein P10 was found to be required for host lysis.
Germanium-tin n-channel tunneling field-effect transistor: Device physics and simulation study (2013)

We investigate germanium-tin alloy (Ge1−xSnx) as a material for the design of tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) operating at low supply voltages. Compared with Ge, Ge1−xSnx has a smaller band-gap. The reported band-gap of Ge0.89Sn0.11 is 0.477 eV, ∼28% smaller than that of Ge. More importantly, Ge1−xSnx becomes a direct band-gap material when Sn composition x is higher than 0.11. By employing Ge1−xSnx in TFET, direct band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is realized. Direct BTBT generally has higher tunneling probability than indirect BTBT. The drive current of TFET is boosted due to the direct BTBT and the reduced band-gap of Ge1−xSnx. Device simulations show that the drive current and subthreshold swing S characteristics of Ge1−xSnx TFETs with x ranging from 0 to 0.2 are improved by increasing the Sn composition x. For Ge0.8Sn0.2 TFET, sub-60 mV/decade S is achieved at a high current level of ∼8 μA/μm. For x higher than 0.11, Ge1−xSnx TFETs show higher on-state current ION compared to Ge TFET at a supply voltage of 0.3 V. Ge1−xSnx alloy is a potential candidate for high performance TFET composed of group IV materials.
A personal review of the XXII World Congress on Sports Medicine, Vienna, 1982. (1982)

The Vienna World Congress on Sports Medicine in July 1982 highlighted the worldwide spread of interest and research in the subject. Sports medicine is now a multi-disciplinary field covering the whole of exercise, science and medicine. Two pressures mark its advance: the need for greater intra-disciplinary expertise in line with advancing technology and research and the inevitable need for multi-disciplinary co-operation as the complexity of the field increases.
Report of solid cancer in patients (pts) with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) (2004)

9065 Background: GIST are the most common non-epitelial tumour of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence after molecular discovery ( KIT gene) and clinical- pathological diagnostic tools (CD117). Data regarding association between GIST and other tumors have so far been limited to some reports of families with multiple GIST, Carney's triad (multiple gastric stromal tumors, pulmonary chondroma, paraganglioma) and GIST in neurofibromatosis pts. The objective is to evaluate the incidence of solid tumors (excluding in situ carcinomas and cutaneus neoplasm non melanoma) in pts with GIST.Patients and Methods: we assessed retrospectively a cohort of pts with histologic (and inmunohistochemistry) diagnosis of GIST from the prospective GATE-D data-base ( period 1999- 2003). Demographic data, characteristics of primary non- GIST tumor and GIST were evaluated. Results: from 86 GIST pts, 9 (10,4%) had prior solid cancer history. Any of the pts developed solid cancer after GIST diagnosis. Characteristics of 86 GIST pts: median age 58 (16–81), male/female 58/28, gastric location 60%, median size 10cm (2–39), advanced disease 36 pts and median follow-up 33 months. Prior to GIST, 9 pts had other cancer history: 2 breast cancer (T2N0M0, T2N1M0), 2 colon cancer (T3N1M0, T2N0M0), 2 cutaneus melanoma (Breslow 1,2 and 1,5 mm, both sentinel nodes negative), 1 prostate (score Gleason 6, PSA 8), 1 renal (T1N0M0) and thyroid (2cm medullar) carcinoma in a 42 years old female. Non GIST tumors occurred 9 (4–15) years (median) before GIST. The median age for the non GIST tumor was 52 (37–70). All tumors were resected and any pt relapsed. All of the non-GIST tumors were considered sporadic (no family history in anyone). Characteristics of the 9 GIST pts who had prior cancer: median age 64 (45–81), gastric location 7/9, median size 6 cm, locally advanced or metastatic 5/9, 4 of them with Imatinib ( all of them in partial response +8,+10,+10,+13 months). Conclusion: in our serie 10,4% of GIST pts had prior cancer history (mainly sporadics). Future studies (clinical and molecular) are going to confirm if GIST are linked to other tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
THIN-OXIDE MOS CAPACITANCE STUDIES OF FAST SURFACE STATES (1970)

Fast surface states at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface have been studied using the MOS capacitor structure with a very thin oxide (50–100 Å), which greatly enhances the effect of the surface states on the capacitance-voltage characteristics. On p-type silicon, a surface-state distribution with a peak at 0.3 eV above the valence band is observed. Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical calculations based on the equivalent circuit model is made. Total density of state of 5.4×1012/cm2 with a peak of 3×1013 surface states/cm2 eV are observed.
Whence Interferon? Variety in the Production of Interferon in Response to Viral Infection (2002)

The type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) were first characterized as cytokines capable of inducing an antiviral state in sensitive target cells ([1][1]). They were originally classified as leukocyte IFN and fibroblast IFN, respectively, to designate their distinct presumptive cellular origins. This
Fracture Behavior of Micro-SIzed Specimens Prepared from an Amorphous Alloy Thin Film at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures (2006)

Fracture behavior of micro-sized cantilever beam type specimens prepared from an electroless deposited Ni-P amorphous alloy thin film has been investigated at ambient and elevated temperatures. Cantilever beam type specimens with dimensions of 10 x 12 x 50 μm3 were prepared from an electroless deposited Ni-P amorphous alloy thin film and notches were introduced by focused ion beam machining. Fatigue pre-cracks were introduced ahead of the notches. The introduction of fatigue pre-crack and fracture toughness tests were carried out using a mechanical testing machine for micro-sized specimens. The temperature of the specimen was controlled from room temperature to 473 K using a newly developed heating system. Compared with room temperature, fracture toughness increased approximately 40 % at 373 K but decreased 19 % at 473 K. The increase of fracture toughness at 373 K is considered to be related with the formation of nano-sized crystals and the decrease of fracture toughness at 473 K is considered to be due to the growth of crystals. It is required to consider the fracture behavior obtained in this investigation when designing actual MEMS devices using electroless deposited amorphous films.
Adiponectin oligomers as potential indicators of adipose tissue improvement in obese subjects (2013)

Our results suggest that in patients, adiposity is associated with the serum concentrations of adiponectin and its oligomers but not with adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs. In particular, the increase in adiponectin monomer levels could probably be related to the improvement of the whole-body energy metabolism then being involved in the improvement of adipose tissue function after weight loss. This work indicates the importance of assessing the whole adiponectin oligomeric profile as further potential indicators of adipose tissue functions in obesity.
Determination of Reactivity of Aspartame with Flavor Aldehydes by Gas Chromatography, HPLC and GPC (1984)

ABSTRACT The reactivity of Aspartame with several aldehydes in ethanol was determined by gas chromatographic analysis of the reacted aldehyde. The model aldehydes were benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, citral, n‐decanal, and vanillin. The data showed that Aspartame is quite reactive with the aldehydes, although the reactivity differed with each. Detection of and analysis for the reaction products were done by HPLC and GPC. Molecular weights of cinnamaldehyde‐Aspartame and benzaldehyde‐Aspartame reaction products were determined by GPC. The reactivity is dependent on the relative concentrations of the reactants. It is also influenced by the reaction medium.
R&D and application of voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current engineering technology in China (2014)

As a new generation of direct current (DC) transmission technology, voltage sourced converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) has been widely developed and applied all over the world. China has also carried out a deep technical research and engineering application in this area, and at present, it has been stepped into a fast growing period. This paper gives a general review over China’s VSC based HVDC in terms of engineering technology, application and future development. It comprehensively analyzes the technical difficulties and future development orientation on the aspects of the main configurations of VSC based HVDC system, topological structures of converters, control and protection technologies, flexible DC cables, converter valve tests, etc. It introduces the applicable fields and current status of China’s VSC based HVDC projects, and analyzes the application trends of VSC based HVDC projects both in China and all over the world according to the development characteristics and demands of future power grids.
Induced Neural Stem Cells Generated from Rat Fibroblasts (2013)

The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we demonstrate that primitive neural stem (NS) cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS (iNS) cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.
Selective Enumeration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Propionibacteria (2003)

Nineteen bacteriological media were evaluated to assess their suitability to selectively enumerate Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacteria, and propionibacteria. Bacteriological media evaluated included Streptococcus thermophilus agar, pH modified MRS agar, MRS-vancomycine agar, MRS-bile agar, MRS-NaCl agar, MRS-lithium chloride agar, MRS-NNLP (nalidixic acid, neomycin sulfate, lithium chloride and paramomycine sulfate) agar, reinforced clostridial agar, sugar-based (such as maltose, galactose, sorbitol, manitol, esculin) media, sodium lactate agar, arabinose agar, raffinose agar, xylose agar, and L. casei agar. Incubations were carried out under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 27, 30, 37, 43, and 45 degrees C for 24, 72 h, and 7 to 9 d. S. thermophilus agar and aerobic incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h were suitable for S. thermophilus. L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus could be enumerated using MRS agar (pH 4.58 or pH 5.20) and under anaerobic incubation at 45 degrees C for 72 h. MRS-vancomycine agar and anaerobic incubation at 43 degrees C for 72 h were suitable to enumerate L. rhamnosus. MRS-vancomycine agar and anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C for 72 h were selective for L. casei. To estimate the counts of L. casei by subtraction method, counts of L. rhamnosus on MRS-vancomycine agar at 43 degrees C for 72 h under anaerobic incubation could be subtracted from total counts of L. casei and L. rhamnosus enumerated on MRS-vancomycine agar at 37 degrees C for 72 h under anaerobic incubation. L. acidophilus could be enumerated using MRS-agar at 43 degrees C for 72 h or Basal agar-maltose agar at 43 degrees C for 72 h or BA-sorbitol agar at 37 degrees C for 72 h, under anaerobic incubation. Bifidobacteria could be enumerated on MRS-NNLP agar under anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C for 72 h. Propionibacteria could be enumerated on sodium lactate agar under anaerobic incubation at 30 degrees C for 7 to 9 d. A subtraction method was most suitable for counting propionibacteria in the presence of other lactic acid bacteria from a product. For this method, counts of lactic bacteria at d 3 on sodium lactate agar under anaerobic incubation at 30 degrees C were subtracted from counts at d 7 of lactic bacteria and propionibacteria.
Enhanced <i>Dendroaspis</i> Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Experimental Ureteral Obstruction (2002)

Whether the postobstructive diuresis can in part be related to an altered regulation of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally obstructed of their ureters. Control group was with sham ureteral obstruction. Forty-eight h later, tissue levels of DNP immunoreactivity were determined in the plasma, heart, and kidneys. Urine samples were collected in some rats under anesthesia. The plasma DNP immunoreactivity was significantly increased by 45% in the experimental group. The tissue levels of DNP immunoreactivity in the atrium, ventricle, or kidneys did not significantly differ between the experimental and control groups. The urinary flow and sodium excretion rate were 3- to 4-fold increased in the experimental group. The urinary DNP excretion was also increased in the experimental group, which was positively correlated with the urinary volume and sodium excretion. The urinary excretion of cGMP was 2- to 3-fold increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that an enhanced DNP activity may in part be causally related to the postobstructive diuresis.
Zinc-centred salen complexes: versatile and accessible supramolecular building motifs (2009)

Zinc(II) complexes of salen ligands, and particularly those of the salphen family of ligands, are extremely versatile synthons. This Frontier reviews the recent applications of these molecular building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, and their potential in various fields of material science.
The Interior-Point Method for an Optimal Treatment of Bias in Trilateration Location (2006)

This paper presents a new position-determination estimator for trilateration location. The proposed estimator takes the measurement bias into consideration and improves the location accuracy of a mobile location system. In case that a mobile station (MS) utilizes signals from a set of base stations for its location, the computed location is largely affected by nonline-of-sight (NLOS) error in signal propagation. A constrained optimization method in a three-stage estimation structure is proposed to estimate and eliminate the measurement bias contained in each pseudorange and mainly caused by the NLOS error. A linear observation model of the bias is formulated, and the interior-point optimization technique optimally estimates the bias by introducing a feasible range of the measurement bias. It is demonstrated that the new three-stage estimator successfully computes an accurate location of an MS in a realistic environment setting. The location accuracy of the proposed estimator is analyzed and compared with the existing methods through mathematical formulations and simulations. The proposed estimator efficiently mitigates the effect of a measurement bias and shows that the iterated least square (ILS) accuracy of 118 m [67% distance root-mean-square (DRMS)] can be improved to about 17 m in a typical urban environment
Software tools for motif and pattern scanning: program descriptions including a universal sequence reading algorithm (1989)

Two programs, MOTIF and PATTERN, that scan sequences for matches to user-defined motifs and patterns of motifs based on identity and set membership are described. The programs use a simple and logical notation to define motifs, and may be used either interactively or by using command line parameters (suitable for batch processing). The two programs described also incorporate a simple, yet reliable, algorithm that automatically detects in which of six possible formats the sequence entry is written.
Mussolini's Enemies: The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance. By Charles F. Delzell. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961. 620 pp. $12.50 (1962)

Mussolini's Enemies: The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance. By Charles F. Delzell. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961. 620 pp. $12.50 Get access Robert B. Holtman Robert B. Holtman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 4, Issue 2, November 1962, Pages 231–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/4.2.231 Published: 01 November 1962
Class of Quantum Many-Body States That Can Be Efficiently Simulated (2008)

We introduce the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz, a class of quantum many-body states on a D-dimensional lattice that can be efficiently simulated with a classical computer, in that the expectation value of local observables can be computed exactly and efficiently. The multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz is equivalent to a quantum circuit of logarithmic depth that has a very characteristic causal structure. It is also the ansatz underlying entanglement renormalization, a novel coarse-graining scheme for many-body quantum systems on a lattice.
A fast IPv6 route lookup algorithm with hash compression (2004)

To solve the problem of the LLCAT algorithm (P.A. Yilmaz et al., IEEE GLOBECOM'00, vol.1, p.593-8, 2000) that needs large memory space for IPv6 route lookup, the paper proposes a fast IPv6 route lookup algorithm with hash compression. In order to save space, hash compression is used when a node's table includes some prefixes that are less than or equal to a predefined value. After being compressed, the algorithm's time and update complexity do not change much under the worst condition. Simulation results show that our average lookup time and memory consumed are all efficient compared to those of the LLCAT algorithm.
Using UDP for Internet Transport Evolution (2016)

The increasing use of middleboxes (e.g., NATs, firewalls) in the Internet has made it harder and harder to deploy new transport or higher layer protocols, or even extensions to existing ones. Current work to address this Internet transport ossification has led to renewed interest in UDP as an encapsulation for making novel transport protocols deployable in the Internet. Examples include Google's QUIC and the WebRTC data channel. The common assumption made by these approaches is that encapsulation over UDP works in the present Internet. This paper presents a measurement study to examine this assumption, and provides guidance for protocol design based on our measurements. The key question is "can we run new transport protocols for the Internet over UDP?" We find that the answer is largely "yes": UDP works on most networks, and impairments are generally confined to access networks. This allows relatively simple fallback strategies to work around it. Our answer is based on a twofold methodology. First, we use the RIPE Atlas platform to basically check UDP connectivity and first-packet latency. Second, we deploy copycat, a new tool for comparing TCP loss, latency, and throughput with UDP by generating TCP-shaped traffic with UDP headers.