gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of chemical vapor deposited tetraethylorthosilicate oxides: Correlation with deposition parameters, annealing, and hydrogen concentration (1990)

The deposition of thin silicon dioxide films using plasma enhanced and ozone assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition techniques and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor in AME Precision 5000 reactor has been carried out. The properties of the oxide, such as etch rate, hydrogen concentration, dielectric constant, and C–V behavior, were investigated as a function of the deposition parameters, such as radio-frequency (rf) power, gas composition, and temperature, and post rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The paper reports these results and discusses the findings. The electrical properties of these oxides, plasma, and ozone, were influenced primarily by water vapor that was absorbed and trapped into the bulk of the film either during or within a short time of deposition. The film quality can be considerably improved by RTA between 800 and 1000 °C.
Longitudinal Intestinal Lengthening and Tailoring: Results in 20 Children (1997)

Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) is increasingly favoured as a treatment for short-bowel syndrome. In a personal series, 20 children underwent LILT between 1962 and 1997. There was negligible morbidity (hemiloop anastomotic stenosis in 2) and no operative mortality. At a mean follow-up of 6.4 years overall survival was 45%, and certain features were clearly related to outcome. Survivors had > 40 cm of residual small bowel (commonly jejunum) and had little hepatic dysfunction despite parenteral nutrition of similar time and nature as non-survivors. Children who did not survive had < 40 cm of residual small bowel and developed early lethal hepatic dysfunction of unclear aetiology. Outcome did not seem to be influenced by the presence of the ileocaecal valve or the length of residual colon. Children born with short-bowel should be offered LILT at an early stage when still in good physical condition, so as to avoid liver-damaging intraluminal stasis and bacterial translocation and to enhance intestinal adaptation and hepatoprotective factors.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (2009)

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent, painful, deep-seated, rounded nodules and abscesses of apocrine gland-bearing skin. Subsequent suppuration, sinus tracts and hypertrophic scarring are its main features. Onset is usually after puberty, although it is most common during the third decade and may persist in old age. The disease tends to be chronic and may develop to subcutaneous extension leading to indurations, sinus, and fistula having a profound impact on the quality of life. The prevalence is 1% in several studies. Axillary and inguinal involvement is more common in females; peri-anal and buttocks localizations are prevalent in males. The exact aetiology remains unknown. The primary event is a follicular occlusion with secondary inflammation, infection and destruction of the pilo-sebaceo-apocrine apparatus and extension to the adjacent sub-cutaneous tissue. Infection is common. Smoking may be a triggering factor. Obesity aggravates the discomfort. Differential diagnostic includes Crohn's disease, nodular acne and furonculosis. The main complications are arthropathy, carcinoma. Treatment depends upon the stage of the disease. Early nodular lesions may be treated by antibiotics for acute stage; long-term antibiotics, zinc salts may be useful as maintenance treatment; anti-TNF drugs have been used in severe cases; systemic steroids, estrogens, anti-androgens, retinoids have been used as options with limited success. Surgical treatment includes incision with or without drainage for limited abscesses; limited excisions are used for locally recurring draining sinuses. Total wide excision and healing with secondary intention or flaps and grafts is the only curative procedure in case of advanced disease.
Music Affects Rodents: A Systematic Review of Experimental Research (2018)

<b>Background:</b> There is rapidly emerging interest in music interventions in healthcare. Music interventions are widely applicable, inexpensive, without side effects, and easy to use. It is not precisely known how they exert positive effects on health outcomes. Experimental studies in animal models might reveal more about the pathophysiological mechanisms of music interventions. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a systematic review of experimental research in rodents. The electronic databases EMBASE, Medline(ovidSP), Web-Of-Science, PsycINFO, Cinahl, PubMed publisher, Cochrane, and Google scholar were searched for publications between January 1st 1960 and April 22nd 2017. Eligible were English-written, full-text publications on experimental research in rodents comparing music vs. a control situation. Outcomes were categorized in four domains: brain structure and neuro-chemistry; behavior; immunology; and physiology. Additionally, an overview was generated representing the effects of various types of music on outcomes. Bias in studies was assessed with the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneous outcomes and lack of original outcome data. <b>Results:</b> Forty-two studies were included. Music-exposed rodents showed statistically significant increases in neuro-chemistry, such as higher BDNF levels, as well as an enhanced propensity for neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Furthermore, music exposure was linked with statistically significantly improved spatial and auditory learning, reduced anxiety-related behavior, and increased immune responses. Various statistically significant changes occurred in physiological parameters such as blood pressure and (para)sympathetic nerve activity following music interventions. The majority of studies investigated classical music interventions, but other types of music exerted positive effects on outcomes as well. The SYRCLE risk of bias assessment revealed unclear risk of bias in all studies. <b>Conclusions:</b> Music interventions seem to improve brain structure and neuro-chemistry; behavior; immunology; and physiology in rodents. Further research is necessary to explore and optimize the effect of music interventions, and to evaluate its effects in humans.
11.5ns 1M x 1/256K x 4TTL BiCMOS SRAM's with voltage- and temperature-compensated interfaces (1989)

In high speed SRAM's a ground bounce noise caused by package lead inductance is serious limitation of access time.
Selective vulnerability of the CA1 region of hippocampus to the indirect excitotoxic effects of malonic acid (1995)

The CA1 region of hippocampus is selectively vulnerable to a variety of insults, including hypoxia-ischemia and Alzheimer's disease, but the basis of this regional susceptibility is poorly understood. We examined the regional hippocampal sensitivity to mitochondrial metabolic disruption induced by malonate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. The CA1 region was exquisitely sensitive to malonate and the dentate gyrus was extremely resistant; the CA3 region had intermediate sensitivity. This pattern of vulnerability is reminiscent of hypoxic-ischemic damage. Malonate damage was blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonist, MK-801, but regional susceptibility to malonate did not correlate with the density of NMDA receptors. Instead, malonate toxicity was inversely correlated with activity of succinate dehydrogenase. Our results suggest that regional metabolic capacity may help to determine sensitivity to metabolic/excitotoxic insults such as hypoxia-ischemia.
Maintenance Breeding of Polish Hemp Cultivar Beniko (2008)

ABSTRACT Right after World War II, only dioecious cultivars of hemp were grown in Poland. Since 1956 the work has begun at the Institute of Natural Fibers (INF) to obtain monoecious cultivars. The first Polish monoecious cultivar of hemp—Bialobrzeskie—was registered in 1968. Further breeding work focused on straw yield and fiber content increase and reduction of Δ9THC content. The further work resulted in 1985 in registration of cultivar Beniko, which was developed at the INF Research Station in Wojciechow. Beniko has higher (by about 2%) fiber content than that of Bialobrzeskie cultivar and high yields while the trace tetrahydrocannabinol content (Δ9THC< 0.2%) poses no narcotic threat. Beniko is also characterized by high degree of monoeciousness and yielding stability in respect of straw and seed. High economic value of this cultivar resulted in cultivar enrollment in Polish National List of Varieties of Agricultural and Vegetable Plants in Poland as well as in Commonwealth Catalogue of Cultivar Plants (CCA). Breeding work that lasted more than twenty years resulted in development of maintenance breeding method for hemp. This method allows both maintaining basic economics of the cultivar and systematic improvement of these features. This method allowed for obtaining the cultivar Beniko, which is competitive to the best European cultivars. Additionally, the breeding research is carried out at the INF to obtain new cultivars suitable for different uses of industrial hemp.
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF BRITTLE MATERIALS: A HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW (1998)

SUMMARY This paper presents milestones in the history of Fracture Mechanics (F.M.) as a tool for knowing and understanding future developments in the field. It concerns in particular lapideous materials as rocks and unreinforced concrete, which have been investigated and tested less than metals. This chapter in the science of mechanics begins with the 'energetic' approach of Alan Arnold GRIFFITH (1920) about fracture propagation and continues later on with cohesive models (A.HILLERBORG, 1976). The Griffith approach represents a new concept based on a material's discontinuity, rather than continuity, before fracture. This way allows us to understand the size effect (pointed out by R.H. LEICESTER in 1973) and snap back phenomena in brittle structural collapses.
Avoiding negative populations in explicit Poisson tau-leaping - eScholarship (2005)

The explicit tau-leaping procedure attempts to speed up the stochastic simulation of a chemically reacting system by approximating the number of firings of each reaction channel during a chosen time increment tau as a Poisson random variable. Since the Poisson random variable can have arbitrarily large sample values, there is always the possibility that this procedure will cause one or more reaction channels to fire so many times during tau that the population of some reactant species will be driven negative. Two recent papers have shown how that unacceptable occurrence can be avoided by replacing the Poisson random variables with binomial random variables, whose values are naturally bounded. This paper describes a modified Poisson tau-leaping procedure that also avoids negative populations, but is easier to implement than the binomial procedure. The new Poisson procedure also introduces a second control parameter, whose value essentially dials the procedure from the original Poisson tau-leaping at one extreme to the exact stochastic simulation algorithm at the other; therefore, the modified Poisson procedure will generally be more accurate than the original Poisson procedure. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
Postoperative ileus: a colonic problem? (1978)

Postoperative electromechanical activity of the gastric antrum, small bowel, right colon, and sigmoid colon was recorded in stumptail monkeys in response to retroperitoneal dissection and transient clamping of the renal pedicle. Bipolar silver electrodes and extraluminal bonded strain gauge transducers were used to record slow-wave and spike discharges and contractions of intestinal smooth muscle. After operation myoelectric activity was decreased transiently in the antrum and for only a few hours in the small bowel. Right colon contractile activity was decreased significantly for 24 hours and that of the sigmoid colon for 72 hours. Postoperative inhibition of bowel motility appears to be most profound and persistent in the colon.
A multiprocessor architecture for fast packet processing (2005)

The design of high performance application-specific processors is the bottleneck in many applications. In critical high data rate network devices such as modems and other end-user interfaces, the packet forwarding engine requires both high degree of flexibility (to support large number of protocols) as well as extremely high performance (to be able to support Gigabit processing). While hardware application-specific designs can cope with performance, they lack flexibility. Although software based solutions could be ideal to meet flexibility and low cost constraints, unfortunately, they miss the speed performance requirement. The main goal of this paper is to present an architectural model to design a new processor architecture based on multiple cores and specific dedicated hardware units. In particular, we propose a new model which takes into account network protocols characteristics and input traffic nature to meet performance and cost requirements.
Hydrostatic Extrusion of 60mm Mortar Tubes (1974)

Mortar tubes were successfully hydrostatically extruded from Inconel 718 proving the feasibility of the process. The yield strength of the 718 material was increased from 160 ksi to 240 ksi by the cold work induced by the extrusion process. A cost savings of about $400 per tube can be realized by hydrostatically extruding the mortar tubes close to finished size and thereby reducing the machining costs, rather than machining the tubes from forgings. Thus, it may be possible to economically use Inconel 718 and derive the benefits of the increased high temperature strength inherent in the material. As an adjunct to this project, an estimate was made of the potential savings for hydrostatically extruded gun steel mortar tubes compared to forged tubes. It is estimated that a savings of approximately $63 per tube would be possible.
A VHF-UHF Television Turret Tuner (1953)

A sixteen-position turret type of tuner covering both the very-high-frequency (VHF) and ultra-high-frequency (UHF) television channels has been designed and tested. The measured electrical performance data and field tests òf the tuner indicate that it gives excellent performance
Patient considerations and clinical impact of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors in the management of dyslipidemia: focus on anacetrapib (2012)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality within the United States and worldwide. Although targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the prevention of CVD has been shown to be effective, evidence exists to indicate that significant cardiovascular (CV) risk remains in patients receiving 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) - a risk that may be correlated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Among the various tactics under investigation to increase HDL-C, inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) appears the most adept to raise these levels. Although torcetrapib, a CETP inhibitor, demonstrated significant beneficial changes in HDL-C and LDL-C after 12 months of therapy when coadministered with atorvastatin, patients in the torcetrapib arm experienced a rise in mortality, including increased risk of death from CV and non-CV causes as well as a significant rise in major CV events. Later studies established that the adverse effects of torcetrapib were produced from molecule-specific off-target effects and not to the mechanism of CETP inhibition. These untoward outcomes have not been detected with anacetrapib, the third of the CETP inhibitors to enter Phase III trials. Furthermore, treatment with anacetrapib revealed both a statistically significant decrease in LDL-C and increase in HDL-C over placebo. While the place in therapy of niacin and fibrates to reduce CV events is currently in question secondary to the Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL Cholesterol/High Triglyceride and Impact on Global Health Outcomes and the Action to Control CV Risk in Diabetes trials, the ongoing large-scale, randomized-placebo, controlled-outcomes study with anacetrapib coadministered with statin treatment will not only test the hypothesis if CETP inhibition lowers residual CV risk but will also provide insight as to which patient subgroups might benefit the most from anacetrapib despite aggressive therapy with statins.
Design and Implementation of a Simulator for the Performance Simulation of a Large-Scale Network Using OPNET (2009)

In the Internet environment in which best-effort services are provided, we need to guarantee end-to-end performance rather than hop performance to provide services with a variety of QoS(Quality of Service) requirements. The end-to-end performance is affected by many factors along the path of traffic flow. Most existing simulation studies are concentrated on a single node or a few nodes. We need much different approach considering the simulation execution time to simulate a large-scale network. In this paper, we derive requirements and present methodologies for the implementation of the simulator to simulate it. Then, we design and implement our simulator using OPNET. Performance evaluation is carried out using the simulator for large-scale KII (National Information Infrastructure in Korea). We use a self-similar traffic model and present some results on the end-to-end performance metric for the networks.
Band-gap profiling in amorphous silicon–germanium solar cells (2002)

Profiled buffer layers at the interfaces of amorphous silicon–germanium (a-SiGe:H) solar cells are routinely used to avoid band-gap discontinuities and high-defect densities at the p/i and i/n interfaces. It is shown that such profiled a-SiGe:H buffer layers can be replaced by a constant band-gap a-Si:H buffer, an inverse profiled a-SiGe:H buffer, or even a 3-nm-thin (δ) buffer at some distance away from the interface without losses in the open-circuit voltage VOC and fill factor while maintaining the same short current density jSC. In view of these results, common model assumptions for a-SiGe:H solar cells have to be revised.
Combining the ‘bottom up’ and ‘top down’ approaches in pharmacokinetic modelling: fitting<scp>PBPK</scp>models to observed clinical data (2013)

Pharmacokinetic models range from being entirely exploratory and empirical, to semi-mechanistic and ultimately complex physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. This choice is conditional on the modelling purpose as well as the amount and quality of the available data. The main advantage of PBPK models is that they can be used to extrapolate outside the studied population and experimental conditions. The trade-off for this advantage is a complex system of differential equations with a considerable number of model parameters. When these parameters cannot be informed from in vitro or in silico experiments they are usually optimized with respect to observed clinical data. Parameter estimation in complex models is a challenging task associated with many methodological issues which are discussed here with specific recommendations. Concepts such as structural and practical identifiability are described with regards to PBPK modelling and the value of experimental design and sensitivity analyses is sketched out. Parameter estimation approaches are discussed, while we also highlight the importance of not neglecting the covariance structure between model parameters and the uncertainty and population variability that is associated with them. Finally the possibility of using model order reduction techniques and minimal semi-mechanistic models that retain the physiological-mechanistic nature only in the parts of the model which are relevant to the desired modelling purpose is emphasized. Careful attention to all the above issues allows us to integrate successfully information from in vitro or in silico experiments together with information deriving from observed clinical data and develop mechanistically sound models with clinical relevance.
Queering Spaces in Turin (2013)

In this essay I examine the ways in which LGBT individuals and groups in Turin have worked to destabilise spaces perceived as heteronormative by publicly insisting on the recognition and validation of their presence within them. This disruption can be understood as a process of ‘queering’ space, of freeing up multiple (non-normative) modalities of use and existence which it may enable or host. Drawing on a series of interviews I conducted in Turin in March and June 2006, and on recent scholarship on LGBT issues in Italy and elsewhere, I briefly discuss the views of LGBT individuals living in Turin on the LGBT (and non-) spaces available to them in this urban setting, and explore the ways in which both the committee and LGBT individuals sought to ‘queer’ public spaces through Pride events.
Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility and utilization in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)

Potential effects of supplemental microbial phytase on digestibility and utilization of phosphorus (P) originating from plant materials were studied in trout. Diets were mainly based on soybean products and contained P only from plant materials. Concentration of total P was suboptimal and about 60% of total P were bound as phytate P. Diets were prepared either without enzyme supplementation or after supplementation with an Aspergillus niger phytase (1000 units/kg diet). Apparent digestibility of P was determined at a water temperature of 15°C. Utilization of P was measured in two growth trials at water temperatures of either 15 or 10°C. P retention of trout was measured using the comparative body analysis. At 15°C, both digestibility and utilization of dietary P were considerably improved when microbial phytase was supplemented. P digestibility and P utilization increased from 25 to 57% and from 17 to 49%, respectively. At 10°C, P utilization increased from 6 to 25%, but intake of the diet as well as growth rate of trout were very low, irrespective of whether phytase was supplemented or not. Practical relevance of the findings seems to apply only to diets in which protein is supplied almost entirely by plant products.
Nanosecond NMOS VLSI Current Mode Logic (1982)

Current mode logic (CML) is used to obtain NMOS VLSI logic gates with nanosecond delays at a speed power product of 1.5 pJ. The gates use a reference voltage generated by the difference between an enhancement- and a depletion-type MOSFET. A depletion-type MOSFET is used for the current sources and the loads. The gates have been designed with a logic swing of 2 V in a 2.5-/spl mu/m NMOS VLSI technology, simulated, and their circuit performance is studied.
Two-Dimensional Au and Au−Cu Alloy Nanocrystals with Orientation in (111) Plane Embedded in Glassy Silica Films (2003)

Triangular Au and disk-shaped Au−Cu alloy nanocrystals have been generated in thin SiO2 film matrixes, by sol−gel spin-coating followed by annealing at 800 °C in 10%H2−90%Ar. Transmission electron microscope images confirm the shapes of the embedded nanocrystals. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the Au and Au−Cu nanocrystals have a (111) orientation. The disk-shaped alloy nanocrystals exhibit surface plasmon absorption at wavelengths intermediate between those of Au and Cu.