gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of novel non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. An animal model of lipid peroxidation. (1992)

These studies examine the in vivo formation of a unique series of PGF2-like compounds (F2-isoprostanes) derived from free radical-catalyzed nonenzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid. We have previously shown that levels of these compounds increase up to 50-fold in rats administered CCl4. To understand further the formation of these compounds in vivo, we carried out a series of experiments assessing factors influencing their generation. After CCl4 (2 ml/kg) was administered to rats, plasma F2-isoprostanes increased 55-fold by 4 h. Levels declined thereafter, but at 24 h, they were still elevated 21-fold, indicating continued lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment of rats with isonicotinic acid hydrazide and phenobarbital to induce cytochrome P-450 enhanced the production of F2-isoprostanes after CCl4 administration eightfold and fivefold, respectively, whereas inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 system with SKF-525A and 4-methylpyrazole decreased formation of F2-isoprostanes after CCl4 by 55 and 82%, respectively. Further, the glutathione-depleting agents buthionine sulfoximine and phorone augmented the F2-isoprostane response to CCl4 by 22- and 11-fold, respectively. F2-isoprostanes are formed in situ esterified to lipids and, in addition to increases in levels of free F2-isoprostanes in the circulation, levels of F2-isoprostanes esterified to lipids in various organs and plasma also increase sharply during CCl4 poisoning. The measurement of F2-isoprostanes may facilitate investigation of the role of lipid peroxidation in human diseases.
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E controls lettuce susceptibility to the potyvirus Lettuce mosaic virus (2003)

International audience
Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin protects neurons from remote degeneration after acute focal brain damage (2012)

Autophagy is the evolutionarily conserved degradation and recycling of cellular constituents. In mammals, autophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, its involvement in acute brain damage is unknown. This study addresses the function of autophagy in neurodegeneration that has been induced by acute focal cerebellar lesions. We provide morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical evidence that lesions in a cerebellar hemisphere activate autophagy in axotomized precerebellar neurons. Through time course analyses of the apoptotic cascade, we determined mitochondrial dysfunction to be the early trigger of degeneration. Further, the stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin and the employment of mice with impaired autophagic responses allowed us to demonstrate that autophagy protects from damage promoting functional recovery. These findings have therapeutic significance, demonstrating the potential of pro-autophagy treatments for acute brain pathologies, such as stroke and brain trauma.
Synthesis and characterization of bisphenol-A copolyethers and copolyesters carrying calix[4]arene units in the main chains and their binding properties towards silver cations (1999)

A modified interfacial polycondensation between bisphenol-A and 1,3-dimethoxy lower-rim substituted calix[4]arene derivatives with dibromomethane in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as phase transfer catalyst (PTC) leads to copolyethers with variable Mw values depending on the reaction temperature and the amount of PTC. The calix[4]arene content in the polymer chains depends on the phenolic monomer ratios. The polycondensation reaction of the same comonomers with terephthaloyl chloride but in the absence of the above PTC affords the corresponding copolyester. The soluble fraction of this polymeric material in CHCl3 showed Mw of ca. 21 000 and a variable calix[4]arene content depending on the phenolic monomer ratio as well. The binding properties of the copolyethers toward silver ions are ten-fold higher than those of a model tetraalkoxy calix[4]arene derivative. It is suggested that this increased receptor ability is due to the change of the original cone conformation of the macrocyclic monomer into the partial-cone conformation by incorporation in the polymer.
[Hemorheological studies on platelet counts and size in normal pregnancy and pregnancies with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation]. (1989)

It has been reported that preeclampsia and pregnancy resulting in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are associated with high hematocrits. The relations between hematocrits (Ht) and platelet volumes in normal and abnormal pregnancies were investigated to clarify a hemorheological effect on formation of microthrombus. 1) In normal pregnancy, Ht was decreased from 12-19 weeks gestation and reached its lowest level at 28-31 weeks gestation. The mean platelet volume (MPV) was decreased from 20 to 31 weeks gestation but markedly increased from 38 to 41 weeks gestation. The platelet count (Pl) remained unchanged during pregnancy. 2) In severe type of preeclampsia, at 28-37 weeks gestation Ht and MPV were markedly increased and Pl was markedly decreased at 38-41 weeks gestation as compared with normal pregnancies. 3) Mothers who delivered IUGR had a much higher level of Ht at 28-35 weeks gestation and MPV level from 38 weeks gestation than in normal mothers. As the volume of young platelets is large, increased MPV is suggestive of the occurrence of platelet consumption. From these results, it was suggested that microcirculatory disturbances such as higher blood viscosity due to hemoconcentration and microthrombus formation were related to the onset of preeclampsia or IUGR.
Modelling of a periodic quasi-3D array using an asymptotic extraction technique (2007)

An asymptotic extraction technique combined with the Method of Moments is used to model periodic quasi-3D arrays. These arrays consist of vertical and horizontal conductors. The particularities of the proposed approach are the use of special asymptotes that are used in the case of periodic arrays and single dipoles. This step facilitates at the same time the development of new features in the software code for a single dipole and a periodic array.
Simulation of charge transport in CdZnTe pixel detectors (2002)

Results from the simulation of a CdZnTe pixel detector are presented. Electrical simulations have been performed using the commercial modelling package MEDICI. Detailed models of material behaviour have been created with a view to understanding important detector parameters. Experimental verification of the modelling parameters has been achieved through comparison with I-V curves. Parameters such as trapping concentrations and pixel size have been altered allowing an understanding of charge collection and signal formation in a detector. Comparison with a simple model has revealed that X- and /spl gamma/-ray interactions require a more complete analysis, offered by software such as MEDICI. The Monte Carlo code MCNP has been combined with MEDICI to allow a method of simulating the complete interaction and subsequent charge transport of both X and /spl gamma/ radiation.
Abscisic acid levels in tomato ovaries are regulated by LeNCED1 and SlCYP707A1 (2009)

Although the hormones, gibberellin and auxin, are known to play a role in the initiation of fruits, no such function has yet been demonstrated for abscisic acid (ABA). However, ABA signaling and ABA responses are high in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ovaries before pollination and decrease thereafter (Vriezen et al. in New Phytol 177:60-76, 2008). As a first step to understanding the role of ABA in ovary development and fruit set in tomato, we analyzed ABA content and the expression of genes involved in its metabolism in relation to pollination. We show that ABA levels are relatively high in mature ovaries and decrease directly after pollination, while an increase in the ABA metabolite dihydrophaseic acid was measured. An important regulator of ABA biosynthesis in tomato is 9-cis-epoxy-carotenoid dioxygenase (LeNCED1), whose mRNA level in ovaries is reduced after pollination. The increased catabolism is likely caused by strong induction of one of four newly identified putative (+)ABA 8'-hydroxylase genes. This gene was named SlCYP707A1 and is expressed specifically in ovules and placenta. Transgenic plants, overexpressing SlCYP707A1, have reduced ABA levels and exhibit ABA-deficient phenotypes suggesting that this gene encodes a functional ABA 8'-hydroxylase. Gibberellin and auxin application have different effects on the LeNCED1 and SlCYP707A1 gene expression. The crosstalk between auxins, gibberellins and ABA during fruit set is discussed.
Induction of Interleukin‐8 Release by Lung Epithelium with Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Lining Fluid Is Marginally Affected by Inhibitors of Interleukin‐1β (2000)

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and neutrophil elastase (NE) are present in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Both factors activate surrounding cells including lung epithelial cells, causing release of IL-8, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. Previous studies showed up-regulation of IL-8 release by lung epithelial cells as a function of NE in CF; however, few studies addressed the relationship between IL-1beta and activation of lung epithelial cells in CF lungs. Confluent layers of A549 cells, a type II-like human lung epithelial cell line, were incubated overnight with IL-1beta (0-5 ng/ml) or NE (100 nM), and supernatants were analyzed for IL-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both IL-1beta and NE led to a significant increase in IL-8: 12.8 +/- 2.8 ng/ml and 0.8 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. Next, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained from one healthy adult volunteer and six patients with CF and measured for IL-8 and IL-1beta concentrations by ELISA. Both IL-8 (range 169.00 +/- 56.57 to 1742.04 +/- 338.98 pg/ml) and IL-1beta (range 0-24.26 +/- 0.52 pg/ml) were detected in CF specimens, whereas neither was detected in the volunteer's specimen. Normal and CF BALs then were incubated overnight at a 1:10 dilution with confluent A549 cells. Analysis by ELISA of cell-free supernatants revealed increased IL-8 production from cells stimulated with CF BALs only. Similar experiments were performed with BAL supernatants that had been incubated with soluble IL-1 type II receptor, soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist, or a peptide inhibitor of NE. Addition of IL-1 inhibitors had a marginal effect on the amount of IL-8 release after incubation with CF BAL samples, whereas inhibition of NE had no effect. Our results indicate that other factors present in ELF in CF account for IL-8 release from lung epithelial cells.
Transition metal–carbon multiple bonds (2001)

Since the discovery of the first example of a transition metal carbene complex 37 years ago, and a transition metal carbyne complex a few years later, investigations into the chemistry of compounds that contain multiple metal–carbon bonds have continued steadily. Many compounds that contain multiple metal–carbon bonds are now established as catalysts or stoichiometric reagents in organic chemistry. In this perspective, important steps in the development of transition metal–carbon multiple bond chemistry, in particular chemistry in which the metal is in it's highest possible oxidation state, are highlighted, and possible avenues for further advances are suggested.
Direct NO group transfer from S-nitrosothiols to iron centres (2001)

A number of S-nitrosothiols react rapidly with the Fe(II) complexes of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) and of N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGD), transferring the NO group directly to the iron centres.
Effects of a Novel GA2LEN Training Program on Urticaria on the Knowledge of General Practitioners in Saudi-Arabia (2011)

Continued education in allergology of both general practitioners and specialists can be achieved by various measures including publications, online tools, and lectures. GA(2)LEN, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network, has developed 1-day training programs on a number of allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, pruritus, angioedema, and urticaria. Here, we assessed the impact of one of these training programs (on urticaria) on the knowledge of 100 participating physicians in Saudi-Arabia by repeated multiple choice examinations. We found that only 5.7% of 70 participants, who took both the pretraining and posttraining examination, passed the pretraining test, that is, answered 70% of the questions correctly. Notably, 68.6% of these participants passed the examination after participating in the 1-day training program (P < 0.001). Participation in the training program also resulted in a significant increase of questions answered correctly (P < 0.001). Taken together, the GA(2)LEN 1-day training programs on selected allergic diseases are an effective means to improve levels of knowledge on these diseases in physicians including general practitioners and the use of these training programs should be promoted and increased.
Filtration‐extraction of safflower seed on a bench scale (1961)

Abstract Data are presented to show that filtration‐extraction can be successfully applied on a bench‐scale to extract whole or decorticated safflower seed to a residual lipids content in meal of about 1.0%. Recommended procedure and operating conditions for processing this seed are given. These were found to be adequate within the limitations of the study and are not to be considered optimum. They are similar to those employed for filtration‐extraction of most high‐oil‐content materials except that, for safflower, severe initial rolling is necessary and that efficient processing of decorticated seed requires an additional step of rerolling of the cooked materials prior to extraction. Based on the close correlation obtained to date between bench‐ and industrial‐scale filtration‐extraction results for a wide variety of oil crops, there should be little difficulty encountered in the processing of safflower on a commercial scale.
Modeling the Perceptual Similarity of Static and Dynamic Visual Textures - Application to the Perceptual Optimization of Video Compression (2017)

Textures are special signals in the visual scene, where they can cover large areas. They can be classified into two categories: static and dynamic, where dynamic textures involve temporal variations. Several works on the perception of static textures made it possible to define visual similarity measurements for applications such as the recognition or classification of textures. These measures often use a representation inspired by the neural processing of the human visual system. However, such approaches have been little explored in the case of dynamic textures. In this thesis, a generalized perceptual model for the measurement of similarity applicable to static and dynamic textures has been developed. This model is inspired by the processing performed in the primary visual cortex. It is very effective for texture classification and recognition applications. The application of the model in the context of the perceptual optimization of video compression, was also studied. In particular, the integration of the similarity measure between textures, was used for the rate-distortion optimization of the encoder. Experimental results with human observers showed an improved visual quality of the decoded videos, with a significant reduction in the bitrate compared to the traditional approaches.
Limits of terrestrial optical fiber systems for ultra-high bit rate RZ data transmissions (from 160 Gbit/s to 1.28 Tbit/s) (2007)

International audience
An Outpatient Data System (1970)

A computer based outpatient data system, which is used in a major pediatric teaching hospital, was designed to simplify record keeping in a large decentralized clinic operation and to conserve professional time. Family and case demographic information and clinical data are collected as critical bits (selected and unduplicated input). Data acquisition forms serve as integrated components of the patient's record and as vehicles to enhance patient flow. Error surveillance programs, external reports, and internal reports for administrative purposes are generated at nominal cost. In a period of 21 months, the processing of more than 187,000 forms demonstrates the efficacy of the system.
LSDSem 2017 Shared Task: The Story Cloze Test (2017)

The LSDSem'17 shared task is the Story Cloze Test, a new evaluation for story understanding and script learning. This test provides a system with a four-sentence story and two possible endings, and the system must choose the correct ending to the story. Successful narrative understanding (getting closer to human performance of 100%) requires systems to link various levels of semantics to commonsense knowledge. A total of eight systems participated in the shared task, with a variety of approaches including end-to-end neural networks, feature-based regression models, and rule-based methods. The highest performing system achieves an accuracy of 75.2%, a substantial improvement over the previous state-of-the-art.
Wafer Transfer (2021)

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) are used being combined with integrated circuit or large scale integration (LSI) in many cases. The heterogeneous integration can be performed by wafer transfer of multiple MEMS on a carrier wafer to an LSI wafer. The wafer transfer methods for the MEMS on LSI can be categorized as film transfer, device transfer (via-last), and device transfer (via-first). The heterogeneous integration using the wafer level transfer or the chip level wafer transfer can be used to fabricate key components for such systems. Lead zirconate titanate actuated MEMS switches were fabricated on an LSI wafer. The piezoelectric MEMS switch works at lower driving voltage and occupies smaller area than electrostatic MEMS switches. Digital fabrication of LSI based on maskless lithography is expected for cost-effective small-volume production and short-term development. The MEMS wafer is bonded to a glass carrier wafer using bonding interlayer, and grooves are made on the MEMS wafer by dicing.
Regulation of Thymidine Kinase Activity in Mouse L Cells Biochemically Transformed by Varicella‐Zoster Virus (1989)

Regulation of thymidine kinase (TK) activity was examined in L(O)c133 and L(H3) cells carrying varicella-zoster virus-TK gene. TK activity of L(O)c133 cells was similarly high in either medium but that of L(H3) cells was high in HAT medium and low in non-HAT medium. Cell growth was well correlated with TK activities of L(O)c133 and L(H3) cells in medium conditions. Regulation of the TK gene in L cells carrying the VZV-TK gene is discussed.
Implementation of a Transaction Level Assertion Framework in SystemC (2007)

Current hardware design and verification methodologies reflect a trend towards abstraction levels higher than RTL, referred to as transaction level (TL). Since transaction level models (TLMs) are used for early prototyping and as reference models for the verification of their RTL representation, the quality assurance of TLMs is vital. Assertion based verification (ABV) of RTL models has improved quality assurance of IP blocks and SoC systems to a great extent. Since mapping of an RTL ABV methodology to TL poses severe problems due to different design paradigms, current ABV approaches need extensions towards TL. In this paper we present a prototype implementation of a TL assertion framework using SystemC which is currently the de facto standard for system modeling
Bit-by-Bit Iterative Decoding Expedites the Convergence of Repeat Accumulate Decoders (2015)

In this paper, we propose bit-by-bit iterative decoding for expediting the convergence of Repeat Accumulate (RA) decoders. In a conventional RA decoder, the repeat and accumulate component decoders are operated iteratively, to facilitate near-capacity communication. However, whenever one decoder is activated, the other is kept idle. The outputs of the active component decoder are stored until its operation is completed, whereupon the outputs are forwarded to the other decoder all at once and the activation of the decoders is swapped. The proposed bit-by-bit RA decoder expedites this process by allowing both component decoders to operate simultaneously, continuously exchanging outputs without buffering. We present both EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts and Bit Error Ratio (BER) results, which demonstrate that the proposed bit-by-bit RA decoder requires fewer decoding iterations to converge, at the cost of a slightly increased complexity per decoding iteration. Overall, we demonstrate that in a range of practical scenarios, the proposed bit-by-bit RA offers gains of up to 0.86 dB, without imposing any additional decoding complexity and without requiring any additional transmission-energy, -bandwidth or -duration.
Oxidative Stress in Ozone-Induced Chronic Lung Inflammation and Emphysema: A Facet of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2020)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by cigarette smoke and characterized by chronic inflammation, alveolar destruction (emphysema) and bronchiolar obstruction. Ozone is a gaseous constituent of urban air pollution resulting from photochemical interaction of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and organic compounds. While acute exposure to ozone induces airway hyperreactivity and neutrophilic inflammation, chronic ozone exposure in mice causes activation of oxidative pathways resulting in cell death and a chronic bronchial inflammation with emphysema, mimicking cigarette smoke-induced COPD. Therefore, the chronic exposure to ozone has become a model for studying COPD. We review recent data on mechanisms of ozone induced lung disease focusing on pathways causing chronic respiratory epithelial cell injury, cell death, alveolar destruction, and tissue remodeling associated with the development of chronic inflammation and AHR. The initial oxidant insult may result from direct effects on the integrity of membranes and organelles of exposed epithelial cells in the airways causing a stress response with the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA, and proteases. Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial DNA activate NLRP3 inflammasome and the DNA sensors cGAS and STING accelerating cell death pathways including caspases with inflammation enhancing alveolar septa destruction, remodeling, and fibrosis. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ROS, NLRP3 inflammasome, DNA sensor, cell death pathways, and IL-1 represent novel therapeutic targets for chronic airways diseases underlined by oxidative stress.
CD4-Induced epitopes in HIV infection (2006)

Epitopes located in and around the coreceptor binding site of gp120 represent some of the most conserved and functionally important sequences in the HIV envelope. Many of these epitopes can be exposed prior to and/or after attachment in a manner determined by envelope sequence and infection system. Furthermore, these epitopes are immunogenic in humans and elicit cognate antibodies exhibiting a range of structures and fine specificities. These features suggest that CD4i epitopes should be carefully evaluated for potential utility in vaccine development. Experiments to evaluate the relevance of anti-CD4i responses to the course and fate of HIV infection will be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: MIMULAXANTHIN, THE MAIN CAROTENOID IN LAMIUM MONTANUM AND ITS ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION; CONFIGURATIVE CORRELATION OF DEEPOXYNEOXANTHIN WITH NEOXANTHIN (1981)

Abstract Chiroptische und NMR‐Daten sowie der Ozonabbau von Di‐O‐acetyl‐mimulaxanthin zeigen, daß Mimulaxanthin, das Hauptcarotinoid von Lamium montanum, die Struktur (Ia) besitzt.