gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation enhancement in pinched flow fractionation (2008)

A method for enhancing the separation in the microfluidic size separation technique called pinched flow fractionation (PFF) is demonstrated experimentally and analyzed by numerical calculations. The enhancement is caused by a geometrical modification of the original PFF design. Seven different polystyrene bead sizes ranging from 0.25to2.5μm in radius were separated in a PFF and in an enhanced PFF device. The separation in the two types of devices were compared and an amplification in the separation of up to 70% was achieved. Numerical calculations, which include an edge effect, are used to analyze the device.
Noise suppression in Ti:sapphire laser-based electro-optic sampling (1999)

We show that intensity and phase noise are highly correlated in a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. This allows electro-optic sampling noise, degraded by the combination of −184 dBc/Hz laser phase noise and birefringent system components, to be reduced 12 dB to the shot noise floor. Two multiorder waveplates can be combined to achieve shot-limited noise while preserving maximum detection efficiency.
Active quenching circuit for single-photon detection with Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes (2009)

In this paper a novel construction of an active quenching circuit intended for single-photon detection is presented, along with a few original methods for its evaluation. The circuit has been combined with a standard avalanche photodiode C30902S to form a single-photon detector. This detector has a dead time of 39 ns, maximum random counting frequency of 14 MHz, small afterpulsing probability, an estimated peak detection efficiency of over 20%, and a dark count rate of less than 100 Hz. This simple and robust active quenching circuit can be built from off-the-shelf electronic components and is presented with the detailed schematic diagram.
Retinoids and Sebaceous Gland Activity (1995)

The elucidation of the mechanism of action of isotretinoin on the sebocyte biology is critical for the search of more reliable models and for the discovery of new retinoids with anti-acne activity.
Effects of sleep inertia after daytime naps vary with executive load and time of day. (2011)

The effects of executive load on working memory performance during sleep inertia after morning or afternoon naps were assessed using a mixed design with nap/wake as a between-subjects factor and morning/afternoon condition as a within-subject factor. Thirty-two healthy adults (mean 22.5 ± 3.0 years) attended two laboratory sessions after a night of restricted sleep (6 hrs), and at first visit, were randomly assigned to the Nap or Wake group. Working memory (n-back) and subjective workload were assessed approximately 5 and 25 minutes after 90-minute morning and afternoon nap opportunities and at the corresponding times in the Wake condition. Actigraphically assessed nocturnal sleep duration, subjective sleepiness, and psychomotor vigilance performance before daytime assessments did not vary across conditions. Afternoon naps showed shorter EEG assessed sleep latencies, longer sleep duration, and more Slow Wave Sleep than morning naps. Working memory performance deteriorated, and subjective mental workload increased at higher executive loadings. After afternoon naps, participants performed less well on more executive-function intensive working memory tasks (i.e., 3-back), but waking and napping participants performed equally well on simpler tasks. After some 30 minutes of cognitive activity, there were no longer performance differences between the waking and napping groups. Subjective Task Difficulty and Mental Effort requirements were less affected by sleep inertia and dissociated from objective measures when participants had napped in the afternoon. We conclude that executive functions take longer to return to asymptotic performance after sleep than does performance of simpler tasks which are less reliant on executive functions.
The Effect of Texture and Strain Aging on Creep of Zircaloy-2 (1969)

Creep tests were carried out on specimens machined from heavily cold-worked Zircaloy-2 sheet material in both the rolling (longitudinal) and thickness (short-transverse) directions. The texture of the sheet was such that the majority of grains had basal-plane normals oriented 30 deg from the sheet-normal direction, and was independent of the metallurgical condition. The creep tests were carried out in the range 100 to 350 C on both as-received (cold-worked) and annealed material. The results varied with temperature and stress. At high stresses (all temperatures) such that rupture occurred in under 1000 h, the longitudinal specimens showed higher creep rates than the short-transverse specimens. However, at lower stresses the texture had very little effect on creep either in cold-worked material throughout the temperature range investigated, or in annealed materials between 250 and 310 C. In annealed materials tested at temperatures below 250 and above 310 C the longitudinal specimens had higher creep rates than the short-transverse ones. The material exhibited strong dynamic strain aging which reached maximum intensity around 300 C. In some tests the creep came to a complete stop after about 1000 h. Activation energy for creep determinations showed little variations with texture, but a very marked peaking in the strain-aging temperature range. Optical and electron microscope investigations of crept specimens revealed the formation of kink bands and a cell structure, especially in heavily deformed specimens, but little or no twinning.
On the Optimum Performance of N-ary Systems Having Two Degrees of Freedom (1962)

A digital transmission system with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> possible transmitted symbols is considered. If the time between transmitted symbols is T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> seconds and the bandwidth is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W</tex> , the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> possible symbols correspond to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> vectors in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2WT_{0}</tex> dimensional signal space. This paper considers the theoretical properties of a class of digital systems where the signal space is two-dimensional. Such systems are both amplitude-and phase-modulated. Approximate expressions are derived for the average probability of error for these systems as a function of the placement of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> symbol vectors in the twodimensional signal space. Optimum placements are then given which minimize this probability of error for a given average or peak power SNR constraint. It is shown that the optimum channel structure is a function of the alphabet size <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> , and the type of power constraint, as well as the SNR. In general the optimum system is a phase-modulated system for low SNR's and for alphabet sizes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n \leq 16</tex> in the high SNR region. The performance of this optimum system in terms of channel capacity and probability of error is then compared with the performance of one-dimensional systems, AM-only and PM-only, in a complete set of curves for both peak and average power.
PSMC2, ORC5 and KRTDAP are specific biomarkers for HPV‑negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2021)

The prognosis of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poorer than those with HPV-positive HNSCC. The present study aimed to identify novel and specific biomarkers of HPV-negative HNSCC using bioinformatics analysis and associated experiments. The gene expression profiles of HPV-negative HNSCC tissues and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and used in a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Genes in clinically significant co-expression modules were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The genes demonstrating a high degree score in the PPI network and a high correlation with tumor grade were considered hub genes. The diagnostic value of the hub genes associated with HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC was analyzed using differential expression gene (DEG) analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Seven genes [Serrate RNA effector molecule (SRRT), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide E (SNRPE), proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2 (PSMC2), origin recognition complex subunit 5 (ORC5), S100 calcium binding protein A7 and keratinocyte differentiation associated protein (KRTDAP)] were demonstrated to be hub genes in clinically significant co-expression modules. DEG, IHC and ROC curve analyses revealed that SRRT, CHEK2 and SNRPE were significantly upregulated in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC tissues compared with in adjacent tissues, and these genes demonstrated a high diagnostic value for distinguishing HNSCC tissues. However, PSMC2, ORC5 and KRTDAP were the only differentially expressed genes identified in HPV-negative HNSCC tissues, and these genes demonstrated a high diagnostic value for HPV-negative HNSCC. PSMC2, ORC5 and KRTDAP may therefore serve as novel and specific biomarkers for HPV-negative HNSCC, potentially improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HPV-negative HNSCC.
Herpes simplex virus detection by macroscopic reading after overnight incubation and immunoperoxidase staining (1988)

Human diploid foreskin fibroblast cells grown in 24-well plates were inoculated with clinical specimens by centrifugation at 1,000 X g for 45 min. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C overnight, fixed, and stained with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Stained plaques of infected cells were large enough to be detected with the naked eye, and microscopic examination did not reveal any further positive specimens. The method was compared with standard isolation in human fibroblasts grown in shell vials and inoculated by centrifugation at 4,000 X g, observed microscopically for the occurrence of typical cytopathogenic effect three times a week for 10 days, and then typed by enzyme immunoassay. Of the 289 specimens tested, 105 were positive and 174 were negative by both methods. Six specimens were positive by standard isolation only, two of them containing varicella-zoster virus, and two specimens were stored frozen before being tested by immunoperoxidase staining. Two specimens found negative by standard isolation were positive by immunoperoxidase staining. For two specimens negative by immunoperoxidase staining, the standard isolation cultures were lost due to microbial contamination. Forty-two specimens found positive by standard isolation were clearly positive when stained only 8 h after inoculation. By standard isolation, positive results were reported on the average 3 to 4 days after inoculation, whereas by immunoperoxidase staining the result was available within less than 24 h. Immunoperoxidase staining of infected cells is a sensitive method for rapid laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections, and 24-well plates are convenient for the handling of a large number of specimens.
Persistence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in asymptomatic patients with systemic polyarteritis nodosa or Churg-Strauss syndrome: follow-up of 53 patients. (1995)

Persistence of ANCA positivity in PAN and CSS may be a marker of an underlying disease process, but does not adequately reflect disease activity and, thus, in no case should be the only indication for therapeutic intensification.
Outer membranes of a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (LPS-17 kDa protein) as chemical tularemia vaccines (1996)

Immunisation with outer membranes of Francisella tularensis induced an efficient protection in guinea pigs against challenge with the virulent strains 503 or 144/713 (type B biovar holarctica), both clinical isolates, and prevented the development of typical signs of infection in hamadryads (baboons), challenged with the virulent strain Schu (type A, biovar tularensis) of F. tularensis. Immunisation with a lipopolysaccharide protein complex isolated from the outer membranes afforded protection in CBA mice against challenge with strain 503. Another LPS-protein complex obtained by the simple mixture of LPS preparations from strain 503 and a 17-kDa membrane protein from the avirulent R-variant of the vaccine strain 15 also demonstrated protective properties against experimental tularemia in mice.
The Antibacterial Activity of Tramadol Against Bacteria Associated with Infectious Complications After Local or Regional Anesthesia (2007)

Tramadol has dose- and time-dependent bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. epidermidis, as well as antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial properties of tramadol may be useful for reducing the risk of bacterial infection after local or regional anesthesia.
Remote fieldbus system management with Java and XML (2002)

This paper introduces CANINSIGHT which was developed to create a device and platform independent fieldbus management system for highly distributed enterprises. System data are represented as XML documents which are instances of the CANopen Markup Language (CoML). CoML is an XML application for Controller Area Network (CAN) device profiles, setup information, and process data. The system uses a CoML-based Java client/server architecture to access arbitrary CANopen fieldbus devices via the Internet. The CANINSIGHT client, realized as a Java applet, provides convenient, interactive access to CANopen automation systems at remote locations. The CoML documents which are used for the client/server communication can also be exported to remote database systems and form a central process information repository for an entire manufacturing enterprise. It is possible to use standard database clients to request specific CoML information which can be processed either by dedicated CoML tools or a wide variety of general purpose XML tools.
Ultrasonic Noise Sources in a Work Environment (2013)

Abstract The use of ultrasonic energy has created versatile possibilities of their applications in many areas of life, especially in hydro location and underwater telecommunications, industry and medicine. The consequence of a widespread use of high intensity ultrasonics in technology is the increased number of people who are exposed to such ultrasonic noise. Therefore it is important to determine the types of machines and other devices that are responsible for the emission of ultrasonic noise (10-40 kHz of central frequencies of one-third octave bands) as harmful and annoying hazard in the work environment. This paper presents ultrasonic noise sources frequently used in industry and preventive measures reducing the exposure to ultrasonic noise. Two types of ultrasonic noise sources have been distinguished: machines and other devices used to carry out or improve production processes, the so-called technological sources and sources in which ultrasonic noise exists as a non-intentional result of operation of many machines and systems, the so-called non-technological sources of ultrasonic noise. The emission of SPL has been determined for each groups of devices based on own measurement results.
An Integrated Point of Sales System with Magnetic Stripe Card Reader for Binary-based Multi-level Marketing (MLM) Business System (2010)

Destiny-2000 (Pvt.) Ltd. is a Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) company operating in Bangladesh which has adopted the Binary System of MLM. Binary systems are a multilevel marketing compensation plan which allows distributors to have only two front-line distributors. Everyone else goes beneath those people. The thing that determines whether one can get a commission from a person is not what level he is on, but rather how much purchase volume is generated in the levels between one and that person. Destiny-2000 has more than 130 Net offices (so called Net office which is bigger than Branch office) / Branch offices. As of 4th October 2007, the total number of distributors/ members is 1,322,361. To make certain level of profit to keep the sales commission and incentive amount attractive for current and prospective distributors the minimum purchase volume for joining the sales network is moderately high by Bangladesh standard. Destiny-2000 (Pvt.) Ltd. is exploring several options to attract their prospective and current members/ distributors. To this extend, the IPOS developed in this project reduces the one-time purchase burden for prospective members and allows current members to utilize their accumulated points by conveniently purchasing products from a shopping mall. An Integrated Point of Sales (IPOS) System with Magnetic Stripe Card Reader application has developed based on shopping mall, which will be demonstrated using screen shots. The complete system in this project, consist of several programs using Visual Studio.Net, C#, Visual Fox Pro, an SQL Database like MS SQL Server 2000, One GUI application, a set of reports using Crystal Report and magnetic stripe card reader, Point Privilege Card(PPC), Barcode Scanner etc. Keywords: PPC, MLM, IPOS, Software, Development, Magnetic Stripe Card Reader, Barcode Scanner, Visual Studio.Net, C#, Visual Fox Pro, Crystal Report, MS SQL Server 2000, Binary System, Database, Point Privilege Card, Destiny Point, Distributor, Member
Quantitative relationships between ryanoids receptor affinity and channel conductance (2002)

The review examines the relationship between the structure of several ryanodine analogs and (A) binding, (B) channel conductance, and (C) ligand binding kinetics. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) are used to quantitatively assign structural correlations. Hydrogen bond donating (but not accepting) ability was found to be highly correlated with ligand affinity. Analysis of the correlation between hydrophobicity and ligand affinity indicates that, in general, deviation from the amphipathic nature of ryanodine weakens binding. Affinities and binding kinetics obtained in vivo are comparable to those obtained in the less-than-physiological in vitro conditions. Therefore, the structure-activity relationships surveyed are relevant to the living cell. The review presents arguments favoring the propositions that (A) the pyrrole is a major factor orienting the ligand in the receptor binding site and (B) that ryanoids alter ryanodine receptor function through allosteric mechanisms.
Circulating Endocannabinoid Concentrations and Sexual Arousal in Women (2012)

These findings support the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system is involved in female sexual functioning, with implications for furthering understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying female sexual functioning.
Suicide: A 15‐Year Review of the Sociological Literature Part I: Cultural and Economic Factors (2000)

Cultural and economic patterns from 130 sociological works on suicide from 1981 to 1995 are reviewed in this article. The traditional Durkheimian perspective on suicide was often questioned by research on the impact of the mass media, alcohol, class, modernization, religion, and politics. Major theoretical developments included the application of differential identification theory to Phillips's model of copycat suicide, the application of criminology's opportunity theory to suicide, and new explanations for the link between alcohol and the social suicide rate. Explanations are reviewed for the major new suicide trend: after half a century of convergence, male and female suicide rates are diverging. Finally, the review notes patterns of continued stability in suicide research findings in areas such as racial differences and economic strain.
Production of exotoxin A by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a chemically defined medium (1979)

A defined medium was developed in which easily measured quantities of exotoxin A (PE) were produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA-103. The medium contained three L-amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid, and alanine), basal and trace salts including 14 mM K2HPO4, 14 mM glucose, and 140 mM glycerol. The concentrations of amino acids which yielded most satisfactory results were 6 mM alanine, 13 mM aspartic acid, and 16 mM arginine. The identity of PE in the culture supernatant fluid was demonstrated by adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl transferase activity and by immunodiffusion with sheep antitoxin elicited with purified PE and with PE produced in Trypticase soy broth dialysate and pure PE as controls. PE production was also demonstrated by mouse lethality and passive hemagglutination. As compared to Trypticase soy broth dialysate, P. aeruginosa produced 25 to 50% PE in the defined medium. Different strains of P. aeruginosa produced PE in the defined medium in proportions relative to those in Trypticase soy broth dialysate.
A comparative study of the implementation of STATCOM and SVC on DFIG-based wind farm connected to a power system (2012)

This paper investigates and compares the implementation of two FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices to overcome the voltage stability issue for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind farm. The study includes the implementation of both a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and the static var compensator (SVC) as dynamic reactive power source at the point of common coupling to maintain stable voltage. The system study is performed using the MATLAB/Simulink and the results show that the both devices improve the transient voltage stability and therefore help the DFIG-based wind farm to remain in service during grid faults. The performance of the two devices in terms of time response, the injected amount of reactive power and the application cost was studied at length. During grid faults, the RSC is blocked and restarts when the fault is cleared and the PCC voltage is reestablished. The control schemes of the DFIG, Rotor Side Converter(RSC), Grid Side Converter (GSC), and the FACTS devices have been suitably designed and coordinated. It was concluded that the application cost of both devices varies depending on the fault type and location. STATCOM becomes a very cost effective solution when the required injected reactive power is not large, such as for a single-line-to-ground fault and lower voltage sag. The static VAR compensator (SVC), on the other hand, becomes very attractive application (cost effective) when a large amount of reactive power needs to be injected, such as three-phase fault conditions.