gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukotriene pathway genetics and pharmacogenetics in allergy (2009)

Leukotrienes (LT) are biologically active lipid mediators known to be involved in allergic inflammation. Leukotrienes have been shown to mediate diverse features of allergic conditions including inflammatory cell chemotaxis/activation and smooth muscle contraction. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC(4), LTD(4) and, LTE(4)) and the dihydroxy leukotriene LTB(4) are generated by a series of enzymes/proteins constituting the LT synthetic pathway or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Their function is mediated by interacting with multiple receptors. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) and LT synthesis inhibitors (LTSI) have shown clinical efficacy in asthma and more recently in allergic rhinitis. Despite growing knowledge of leukotriene biology, the molecular regulation of these inflammatory mediators remains to be fully understood. Genes encoding enzymes of the 5-LO pathway (i.e. ALOX5, LTC4S and LTA4H) and encoding for LT receptors (CYSLTR1/2 and LTB4R1/2) provide excellent candidates for disease susceptibility and severity; however, their role remains unclear. Preliminary data also suggest that 5-LO pathway/receptor gene polymorphism can predict patient responses to LTSI and LTRA; however, the exact mechanisms require elucidation. The aim of this review was to summarize the recent advances in the knowledge of these important mediators, focusing on genetic and pharmacogenetic aspects in the context of allergic phenotypes.
P2PGridSec: A Reputation-based Security Framework in P2PGrid System (2011)

Grid and P2P systems enable users to share resources across organization boundaries. Security is a major element in any Grid infrastructure, as it is necessary to ensure that only authorized access is permitted. P2PGrid systems have a different set of security requirements contrary to the traditional server based centralized grid systems. This paper proposes a decentralized security framework for P2PGrid systems. This paper analyzes the unique security requirements of large-scale grid computing and develops a reputation-based security policy and corresponding security architecture. Theoretical analysis and simulations prove that the reputation-based security framework can adapt the security in P2PGrid.
INTERNATIONAL ABSTRACTS OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (1954)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
Lenguas indígenas y políticas del lenguaje en América Latina -con especial atención a Paraguay- (2010)

La situacion linguistica de las lenguas indigenas en Hispanoamerica con su correspondiente politica de proteccion es el objeto de estudio, comparando dichas politicas con la asumida en Espana ante su propia diversidad linguistica. Luego de esta reflexion se revisa el caso de Paraguay, en donde los pobladores del pais hablan el espanol y el guarani como lenguas oficiales.
Robot-based content for children's self-regulating learning (2020)

4차 산업 혁명 시대를 맞아 사회는 점차 더 자기 주도적으로 학습할 수 있는 인재를 요구하고 있다. 따라서 학습의 양과 질의 급격한 변화를 시작하는 아동들에게 자기조절학습 능력은 필수이다. 본 연구는 로봇 기반 외재적 동기가 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향에 제시하고자 한다. 구체적으로 첫째로 아동들의 자기조절학습에 영향을 미치는 로봇 기반의 콘텐츠 서비스를 제안하고, 둘째, 이에 대한 자기조절학습 능력을 동기조절, 인지조절과 행동조절의 차원 변화를 검증하였다. 이를 위해, 우선 아동들의 자기조절학습 능력과 로봇을 이용한 학습에 관련한 문헌조사를 진행하였고, 이를 바탕으로 외재적 동기를 제공하는 로봇 기반의 자기조절학습 서비스를 제안하였다. 마지막으로 초등학교 아동을 대상으로 사용자 테스트를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 아동들에게 로봇 기반 서비스가 동기 조절, 인지 조절 차원의 외재적 동기에서 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 제시하는 로봇 기반 서비스는 초등학교 아동들이 자기조절학습능력을 키워 자기 주도적 학습의 향상에 이바지할 것이다.
Hierarchically structured carbon-based composites: Design, synthesis and their application in electrochemical capacitors (2010)

This feature article provides an overview of the recent research progress on the hierarchically structured carbon-based composites for electrochemical capacitors. The basic principles of electrochemical capacitors, and the design, construction and performance of hierarchically structured carbon-based composites electrode materials with good ions and electron transportation and large specific surface area are discussed. The trend of future development of high-power and large-energy electrochemical capacitors is proposed.
Design and Operation of Board Wastewater Treatment Project (2006)

The board wastewater should first be collected and treated individually according to its characteristics, and then was mixed and treated by coagulation / sedimentation / neutralization process. The operation result in Yaxin Electronic Factory demonstrates that the process is feasible, and the treated effluent comes up to I-class criteria specified in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978—1996).
SOD2 Protects against Oxidation-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2005)

The results demonstrate a critical role of SOD2 in protection against oxidative challenge. Cells from HET mice showed greater apoptotic cell death, whereas in those from HEMI mice, cell death induced by oxidative injury was suppressed.
Cancer screening behaviors among U.S. women: breast cancer, 1987-1989, and cervical cancer, 1988-1989. (1992)

Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to examine trends in breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors among U.S. women in selected states. Data reported are from the 1987, 1988, and 1989 BRFSS for breast cancer screening (mammography) and from the 1988 and 1989 BRFSS for cervical cancer screening (Papanicolaou [Pap] smear). Results are presented as either state-specific or state-aggregate data for the years noted above. State-specific analyses indicated that self-reported mammography utilization increased between 1987 and 1989. Although whites and blacks reported similar mammography utilization rates both for screening and for a current or previous breast problem, disparities were evident among women of different ages and incomes. The proportion of women who reported ever having had a Pap smear and having heard of a Pap smear were extremely high and remained fairly consistent across the 2 survey years. State-aggregate analyses, however, showed that the percentage of women who had had a Pap smear within the previous year was negatively associated with age and positively associated with income. A higher proportion of blacks than whites obtained Pap smears. These results indicate that certain segments of the population are not taking full advantage of available breast and cervical cancer screening technologies. Public health strategies, such as those outlined in the Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Prevention Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-354), should enhance screening opportunities for these women.
Reducing Scalpel Injuries in the Operating Room (2009)

Scalpel injuries can expose surgeons, nurses, and other OR personnel to bloodborne pathogens. Direct and indirect costs of managing exposure include time spent reporting, treating, and following up on the injuries; salaries and benefits for injured staff members; laboratory testing of exposure sources and exposed personnel; and postexposure prophylaxis. Standard precautions, training and awareness for those at risk, the use of neutral passing zones, and safety-engineered devices have helped decrease the incidence of injury for specific categories of sharps. One new safety device is a hand piece that uses electrosurgical plasma induced with pulsed radio-frequency energy to cut tissue.
Pros and Cons of Applying Proxy-Models as a Substitute for Full Reservoir Simulations (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a comparative study of proxy-modeling methodology (also known as surrogate modeling or metamodeling) as a computationally cheap alternative to full numerical simulation in assisted history matching, production optimization and forecasting. The study demonstrates the solution space complexity for different simulation models and the applicability of the proxy-models to mimic it. Focus is given to the practical aspects of model construction and to the limitations of which engineers should be aware. Results of stochastic optimization driven by full numerical simulation are compared to the proxy-model solutions in order to demonstrate strengths and weaknesses of each approach and determine desirable areas of application. Several simulation models of different complexity were used to demonstrate the impact of model structure, number of uncertainty parameters and type of problem on simulation model response and on efficiency of proxy-model application. The results are presented for different datasets, proxy-models and simulation model outputs to demonstrate the dependence of the approximation quality on these parameters. The dependence of the proxy-model prediction quality on sampling method, and on uncertainty domain complexity has been revealed. The efficiency of proxy-model application in history matching and production optimization was compared to stochastic optimization with full reservoir simulation. The results of this study have demonstrated that with increasing complexity of the solution space and number of uncertainties, the application of the proxy-modeling methodology is not recommended for history matching. In the history matching case, the use of full reservoir simulations, combined with stochastic search methods, is preferable and, above a certain level of complexity, the only acceptable solution. Nevertheless, proxy-modeling might be a good approach for certain production optimization projects and appropriate tool for forecasting of Hydrocarbons Initially In Place (HCIIP) and oil recovery (OR). This study suggests areas of application for proxy-models and full numerical simulation. It addresses pros and cons of both approaches in reservoir simulation and provides advice for their efficient application.
A sister-strand exchange mechanism for recA-independent deletion of repeated DNA sequences in Escherichia coli. (1993)

In the genomes of many organisms, deletions arise between tandemly repeated DNA sequences of lengths ranging from several kilobases to only a few nucleotides. Using a plasmid-based assay for deletion of a 787-bp tandem repeat, we have found that a recA-independent mechanism contributes substantially to the deletion process of even this large region of homology. No Escherichia coli recombination gene tested, including recA, had greater than a fivefold effect on deletion rates. The recA-independence of deletion formation is also observed with constructions present on the chromosome. RecA promotes synapsis and transfer of homologous DNA strands in vitro and is indispensable for intermolecular recombination events in vivo measured after conjugation. Because deletion formation in E. coli shows little or no dependence on recA, it has been assumed that homologous recombination contributes little to the deletion process. However, we have found recA-independent deletion products suggestive of reciprocal crossovers when branch migration in the cell is inhibited by a ruvA mutation. We propose a model for recA-independent crossovers between replicating sister strands, which can also explain deletion or amplification of repeated sequences. We suggest that this process may be initiated as post-replicational DNA repair; subsequent strand misalignment at repeated sequences leads to genetic rearrangements.
Steady State Pharmacokinetics and Dose‐Proportionality of Phenylpropanolamine in Healthy Subjects (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) were studied in five healthy male volunteers after single oral doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg of the drug as well as at steady state after seven, 4-hourly doses of PPA. The peak serum concentrations and AUC infinity values increased linearly with an increase in dose, whereas the time to reach peak serum concentrations did not vary significantly between doses. The half-life remained relatively constant with an increase in dose (t1/2 = 3.8 to 4.3 hours), as did renal clearance (ClR = 0.41 to 0.44 l/kg/h). The percentage of unchanged PPA excreted in the urine over a 14 hour period was 64%, 63% and 73% for the 25, 50 and 100 mg doses, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of PPA were found to be linear in the dosage range 25 to 100 mg. Steady state serum concentrations were significantly higher than single dose concentrations, with the mean peak serum concentration increasing from 113 ng/ml after a single dose to 183 ng/ml at steady state. The time at which these were attained decreased from 1.47 hours after a single dose to 0.73 hours at steady state. Both clearance and volume of distribution were significantly different after a single dose compared to steady state (P less than 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found between the other parameters.
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and (1990)

We have demonstrated gettering of metallic impurities in silicon wafers with plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Ar or Ne gas was ionized in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma chamber. The positive charged ions were accelerated by a negative voltage applied to the wafer and implanted into the wafer. Metallic impurities were intentionally introduced into Si through thermal diffusion as marker impurities before implantation. The as-implanted dose was around 1x10 to the 16th cm-2. After an annealing step at 1000 degrees centigrade for 1 hour in a N2 ambient, the retained doses and the amount of gettered impurities were measured with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). With a retained Ar dose in the 3.0x10 to the 14th cm-2, 3.0x10 to the 14th cm-2 and 4.4x10 to the 13th cm-2 respectively. A discrepancy between implanted Ar dose and estimated Ar dose from charge integration was found and a model is proposed to explain this discrepancy. The Ar loss mechanism during gettering annealing has also been investigated.
A Dual Band Slotted Patch Antenna on Dielectric Material Substrate (2014)

A low profile, compact dual band slotted patch antenna has been designed using finite element method-based high frequency full-wave electromagnetic simulator. The proposed antenna fabricated using LPKF printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication machine on fiberglass reinforced epoxy polymer resin material substrate and the performance of the prototype has been measured in a standard far-field anechoic measurement chamber. The measured impedance bandwidths of (reflection coefficient<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math> dB) 12.26% (14.3–16.2 GHZ), 8.24% (17.4–18.9 GHz), and 3.08% (19.2–19.8) have been achieved through the proposed antenna prototype. 5.9 dBi, 3.37 dBi, and 3.32 dBi peak gains have been measured and simulated radiation efficiencies of 80.3%, 81.9%, and 82.5% have been achieved at three resonant frequencies of 15.15 GHz, 18.2 GHz, and 19.5 GHz, respectively. Minimum gain variation, symmetric, and almost steady measured radiation pattern shows that the proposed antenna is suitable for Ku and K band satellite applications.
Release of bFGF, an endothelial cell survival factor, by osmotic shock. (1999)

bFGF is released by cultured ECs in response to osmotically induced cell injury. These results support the concept of bFGF as a "wound" hormone and survival factor for ECs. In further compromised tissue, release of bFGF in this manner may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease.
Exercise and Blood Flow Restriction (2013)

A growing body of research has demonstrated the effectiveness of exercise (low-intensity resistance training, walking, cycling) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) for increased muscular strength and hypertrophy. The BFR is achieved via the application of external pressure over the proximal portion of the upper or lower extremities. The external pressure applied is sufficient to maintain arterial inflow while occluding venous outflow of blood distal to the occlusion site. With specific reference to low-intensity resistance training, the ability to significantly increase muscle strength and hypertrophy when combined with BFR is different from the traditional paradigm, which suggests that lifting only higher intensity loads increases such characteristics. The purpose of this review was to discuss the relevant literature with regard to the type and magnitude of acute responses and chronic adaptations associated with BFR exercise protocols vs. traditional non-BFR exercise protocols. Furthermore, the mechanisms that stimulate such responses and adaptations will be discussed in the context of neural, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. Finally, recommendations will be discussed for the practitioner in the prescription of exercise with BFR.
Superstructures formed by the ordering of vacancies in a selective oxidation catalyst: grossly defective CaMnO3 (1984)

Abstract Certain ternary metal oxides release oxygen at their surfaces when they function as catalysts for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. In so doing, they become non-stoichiometric, often quite markedly so (up to x = 0.5 in AMO3-x). In perovskite related phases of this kind, oxygen from the gas phase is readily taken up by the non-stoichiometric catalyst; and migration of oxide ions in the defective solid is rapid, thus sustaining the selective catalysis. Taking CaMnO3, which has the perovskite (i. e. CaTiO3) structure, as a model catalyst and rendering it non-stoichiometric by reduction (CaMnO3(s) ↔ CaMnO3-x(s) + ½xO2(g)) we have used selected area electron diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy (in conjunction with computed images) to prove, directly, the nature of the ordering of the vacancies in the non-stoichiometric catalyst in the range 0 &lt; x &lt; 0.5. In all of the compositions of the five distinct (grossly non-stoichiometric) solids studied by us (CaMnO2.8, CaMnO2.75, CaMnO2.667, CaMnO2.556 and CaMnO2.5) oxygen vacancies are found to be ordered in such a manner as to preserve most of the structural features of the parent stoichiometric perovskite, a fact which itself suggests that this is a fundamental feature of the mode of action of these unusual catalysts. All the ordered structures are based on interconnected MnO6 octahedra and MnO5 square pyramids, the proportion of the latter increasing, and of the former decreasing, in proceeding from the CaMnO3 to the CaMnO2.5 end members. All the structures that we have discovered may be pictured as superlattice repeats of the parent (undistorted) perovskite, but the super­lattice mesh is sometimes rotated (by an angle R) in the (001) plane. Thus: for CaMnO2.8 the structure may be symbolized √5√5 R26.5°; for CaMnO2.75, we have clear evidence for √2×2√2 R45° and √2×4√2 R45° and strong indications that two other types of structure, each of which can be symbolized √2×4√2 R45°, probably exist; for CaMnO2.667, we have identified two ordered structures both symbolized √2×3√2 R45°; for CaMnO2.556 there is probably a structure 3√2×3√2 R45°; and for CaMnO2.5 we have identified four structures, √2√2 R45°, √2×3√2 R45°, and √2×4√2 R45° and, the most widely occurring in our preparations, the √2×2√2 R45° structure. The implications of our results are discussed in the light of other defective perovskite-based systems that may now be expected to exhibit such behaviour. The work also sheds some light on the question of clarifying which oxide systems are likely to display catalytic activity.
Microstructure and properties of silicon nitride thin films deposited by reactive bias magnetron sputtering (1998)

Silicon nitride (SiNx) thin films have been deposited by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering of a silicon target in reactive nitrogen-argon atmospheres without intentional substrate heating. The influence of negative substrate bias Vs on the microstructural, compositional, chemical, mechanical, and optical properties of the SiNx films was systematically investigated. An extensive analysis of the films was carried out using ellipsometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, stress and chemical etch rate measurements. TEM and AFM studies revealed that films produced at low bias voltages had a porous columnar structure containing large void, typical of zone 1, but that films produced at higher bias voltages had relatively smooth surfaces with a highly condensed structure, typical of zone T. Both FTIR and SIMS analyses showed that an extremely small amount of hydrogen was contained in the SiNx films deposited at Vs over −75 V, resulting from the film densification by energetic bombardment. It was also found that the amount of argon incorporated in the film increased with increasing bias voltage, whereas the oxygen content decreased. As the substrate bias voltage was increased, the mechanical internal stress in the SiNx films became increasingly compressive and saturated at a value of about 1.8×1010 dyne/cm2 at higher bias voltages. This was found to be well correlated with the increased argon content and the film densification. The lowest etch rate in buffered hydrofluoric acid, approximately 72 Å/min, was observed with the application of a substrate bias of −50 V. A further reduction in etch rate could be achieved by annealing at 900 °C for 1 h in a N2 ambient. The optical band gap of the SiNx films varied from 4.85 to 4.39 eV depending on the bias voltage.
Policeman, Conscience or Confidant: Thoughts on the Appropriate Response of a Securities Attorney Who Suspects Client Violations of the Federal Securities Laws, 15 J. Marshall L. Rev. 373 (1982) (1982)

In order to confine my inquiry to manageable dimensions I have purposely excluded from consideration a related topic that I believe is best dealt with separately: the authority of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to promulgate a standard of conduct for attorneys confronted with the problem dealt
ROTOR: the VLSI switched current amplifier for high-rate high-resolution spectroscopy with asynchronous event occurrence (1998)

In this paper the authors present a novel JFET/CMOS signal processor, ROtational TrapezOidal Readout (ROTOR), conceived for high-rate high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with asynchronous event occurrence. The circuit is of time-variant nature, uses no fast channel as a trigger, and displays a quasitrapezoidal weight function with virtually no exponential tail. Such a finite-width weight function is typically nearly optimal for submicrosecond processing times and is adequate when intense radiation fluxes must be handled. The filter also permits us to suppress possible ballistic deficits.