gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further Developments Towards the Understanding of Cosmetic Automotive Corrosion Mechanisms on Painted Galvanized Sheet Steels (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">During the last decade many materials were developed to improve corrosion resistance of automotive vehicles as to cosmetic and perforation corrosion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Tests were carried out based upon classic laboratory salt spray testing as well as on newly developed cyclic laboratory tests and on vehicle tests.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To translate the laboratory test results into practice it is necessary to understand the corrosion mechanisms occuring in laboratory experiments compared to the corrosion mechanisms in real practice.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper deals with the understanding of laboratory corrosion mechanisms in cyclic corrosion testing compared to some static outdoor corrosion tests. It is shown that delamination rate of scribed panels of painted hot dip galvanized, and galvannealed materials is highly controlled by the speed of anodic dissolution of the “zinc” due to the electrical characteristics of the corrosion products formed in the scribe and under the paint layer. These characteristics depend on the type of test. Microclimatical differences seem to control type of corrosion product so that more research is necessary to get information about the role of microclimate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Again it is shown that not all accelerated laboratory corrosion tests yield realistic product rankings.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Proton Catalysis in the Deacetylation of Acetylcholinesterase. (1986)

Abstract Proton inventories (determination of kinetic parameters in binary mixtures of protium and deuterium oxides) for the action of acetylcholinesterases on phenyl acetate indicate that the overall solvent isotope effects measured for two enzymes (electric‐eel enzyme and erythrocyte enzyme) on k", arises from a single site in the transition state.
Friction Component of Tube Move Calculations in Unconventional Completion Design (2016)

Abstract Unconventional deep gas completions are subject to extreme hydraulic fracturing stimulation and production loads. These loads impose tough requirements on completion design. These completions must be capable of withstanding high compression, collapse, burst and tension loads. Tube move calculation is a key part of Polished Bore Receptacle (PBR) completion design. Software simulation estimates compressional tube move due to the ballooning effect during frac operations, and the elongating tube move due to temperature expansion during production operations. With tube move estimated for all possible loads imposed on completion, selecting the right PBR length becomes possible. Current design practice is not accounting for Friction Factor (FF) in tube move calculations. This practice is acceptable for conventional gas wells completions with less tube movement where 20 ft. long PBR is adequate. When dealing with unconventional deep gas frac stimulated completions, this design approach leads to tube move requiring 30 ft. PBR or possibly longer. While the solution seems to be a simple replacement of the equipment, the impact can be huge including such issues as logistics, use of heavier completion fluid, higher slack off weight for landing upper completion and other possible, unforeseen complications. Discussion with engineering software provider and scouting industry publications did not reveal the answer to why the use of FF is not a standard practice in software simulation of tube move. We had to find the answer ourselves, allocating drilling rig time and conducting a number of tube move measurements in actual unconventional completions. Using digital slick-line with gamma-ray (GR) and casing collar locator (CCL) logging tool the actual tube move caused by high-pressure ballooning effect was measured and the applicable friction factor was deduced. Applying friction component drastically reduces software simulated tube move and requirements in length of PBR, weight of completion fluid and slack-off weight for landing upper completion, thus simplifying the completion and reducing risks and cost. The following paper discusses the measurement of tube move under actual well conditions and the resulting deductions on the effect of friction. Identified FF is recommended for use in optimized unconventional completion design.
Double‐stranded RNA interferes with gene function at the single‐cell level in cereals (2000)

Summary Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been shown to specifically interfere with gene function in several organisms including tobacco and the model plant Arabidopsis. Here, we report on rapid and sequence‐specific interference of dsRNA with gene function in cereals. Delivery of cognate dsRNA into single epidermal cells of maize, barley or wheat by particle bombardment interfered with the function of co‐bombarded UidA ( GUS ) and TaGLP2a::GFP reporter genes. Cognate dsRNA was also found to specifically interfere with the function of the endogenous genes A1 and Ant18 encoding dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase in maize and barley, respectively. Dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase is an essential enzyme of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in maize and barley. This pathway can be induced by transient expression of the C1 ‐ and b‐Peru genes that encode transcription factors. In the presence of dsRNA corresponding to the dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase gene, C1‐ and b‐Peru‐dependent, cell‐autonomous accumulation of red anthocyanin pigments in bombarded cells of maize and barley was reduced. dsRNA was also demonstrated to negatively interfere with Mlo, which encodes a negative regulator of race non‐specific resistance to the powdery mildew fungus in barley. In the presence of Mlo dsRNA, transformed cells became more resistant, thereby phenocopying plants that carry a heritable loss‐of function mlo resistance allele. The results suggest that direct delivery of dsRNA to cereals leads to a rapid and sequence‐specific interference with gene function at the single‐cell level.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Antagonists in Affective Disorders and Drug Dependence - An Update (2006)

Dysfunctioning of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its receptors (CRF(1) and CRF(2)) has been linked to the development of stress-related disorders, such as affective disorders and drug abuse. The molecular characterization of CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptors and their splice variants has generated detailed information on their pharmacology, tissue distribution and physiology. In addition, the recent development of a small molecule CRF(1) antagonist has provided important information on the contribution of this receptor to the development of stress-related diseases. Despite the high homology to the CRF(1) receptor and the generation of peptide-based research tools, the physiological role of the CRF(2) receptor is largely unclear. This is due to different expression patterns in rodents and primates and the lack of brain-penetrant CRF(2)-selective small molecule antagonists. However, the CRF(2) receptor may be important for motivational types of behavior essential for survival, such as feeding and defense and impacts on cardiovascular function.
경기지역 일부 초등학교 고학년의 아침결식에 따른 식행동에 관한 연구 (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations of breakfast skipping and dietary habits according to breakfast intake frequency. Subjects were 5th and 6th graders of elementary school(n=423) in Gyeonggi area. As a result of analyzing the breakfast intake frequency, ``Having everyday`` showed the highest 63.4%, followed by ``4~6 times`` 16.5%, ``2~3 times`` 13.5% and ``0~1 times`` 6.6%. As a result of analyzing the relations between mother and child in the breakfast intake frequency, it showed that the more mothers skipped breakfast, the more their children skipped it. For the reason of skipping breakfast, ``To be in time for school`` showed the highest percentage. As a result of analyzing the perception of awareness for the importance of nutrition and dietary habit according to the breakfast intake frequency, there was a statistically significant difference in breakfast intake, dietary habits, selection and intake of proper food, disease and health problem according to the breakfast intake frequency. As a result of study, it is necessary that nutrition education should not be limited to children but expanded to their parents in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of nutrition education between school and home.
Vaihtosuuntaajan reaaliaikainen lämpömalli (2011)

Vaihtosuuntaajan IGBT-moduulin liitosten lämpötiloja ei voida suoraan mitata, joten niiden arviointiin tarvitaan reaaliaikainen lämpömalli. Tässä työssä on tavoitteena kehittää tähän tarkoitukseen C-kielellä implementoitu ratkaisu, joka on riittävän tarkka ja samalla mahdollisimman laskennallisesti tehokas. Ohjelmallisen toteutuksen täytyy myös sopia erilaisille moduulityypeille ja sen on tarvittaessa otettava huomioon saman moduulin muiden sirujen lämmittävä vaikutus toisiinsa. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella valitaan olemassa olevista lämpömalleista käytännön toteutuksen pohjaksi lämpöimpedanssimatriisiin perustuva malli. Lämpöimpedanssimatriisista tehdään Simulink-ohjelmalla s-tason simulointimalli, jota käytetään referenssinä muun muassa implementoinnin tarkkuuden verifiointiin. Lämpömalli tarvitsee tiedon vaihtosuuntaajan häviöistä, joten työssä on selvitetty eri vaihtoehtoja häviölaskentaan. \n\nLämpömallin kehittäminen s-tason mallista valmiiksi C-kieliseksi koodiksi on kuvattu tarkasti. Ensin s-tason malli diskretoidaan z-tasoon. Z-tason siirtofunktiot muutetaan puolestaan ensimmäisen kertaluvun differenssiyhtälöiksi. Työssä kehitetty monen aikatason lämpömalli saadaan jakamalla ensimmäisen kertaluvun differenssiyhtälöt eri aikatasoille suoritettavaksi sen mukaan, mikä niiden kuvaileman termin vaatima päivitysnopeus on. Tällainen toteutus voi parhaimmillaan kuluttaa alle viidesosan kellojaksoja verrattuna suoraviivaiseen yhden aikatason toteutukseen. Implementoinnin tarkkuus on hyvä. Implementoinnin vaatimia suoritusaikoja testattiin Texas Instrumentsin TMS320C6727- prosessorilla (300 MHz). Esimerkkimallin laskemisen määritettiin kuluttavan vaihtosuuntaajan toimiessa 5 kHz kytkentätaajuudella vain 0,4 % prosessorin kellojaksoista. Toteutuksen tarkkuus ja laskentakapasiteetin vähäinen vaatimus mahdollistavat lämpömallin käyttämisen lämpösuojaukseen ja lisäämisen osaksi muuta jo prosessorilla olemassa olevaa systeemiä.
Assay of Apocarotenal and Canthaxanthin in Foods (1966)

Abstract Methods are presented for determining the carotenoids β-apo-8′-carotenaI and canthaxanthin in foods to which they have been added as colorants. They are extracted by blending or by shaking with appropriate solvents, depending on the nature of the sample, and are separated from naturally occurring pigments and other added coloring agents by selective solvent extraction and/or column chromatography. Concentration is measured by spectrophotometric reading at the absorption maximum after the system is brought to isomerization equilibrium by treatment with iodine solution. Thin layer chromatographic procedures are described for confirming the identities and completeness of separation of the carotenoids.
Plant Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (1977)

ATP inactivated plant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) from broccoli (Brassica oleracca) mitochondria. ATP inactivation of the complex was time-dependent and proportional to the ATP con- centration. rime-dependent incorporation of 32P from [y32PJATP into trichloroacetic acid-predpitable protein corresponded to the inactivation of the PDC. It is conduded that plant PDC is phospho- rylated and inactivated by a PDC kinase.
Handling global traffic in future CMP NoCs (2012)

It was recently shown that if computation locality is properly employed, Chip-Multi-Processors (CMP) traffic patterns can be modeled with a bandwidth version of Rent's rule. The Communication Probability Distributions (CPD) derived from the Rent's rule imply that most end to end packets are exchanged by nearest-neighbors. We show that while packets exchanged with nearest-neighbor dominate peer to peer traffic, their contribution to the overall NoC traffic decreases rapidly as the system grows. Correspondingly, the bandwidth consumed by long distance packets (a. ka. global packets) becomes dominant starting from medium-size systems, despite their low injection rate. To accommodate this phenomenon, we introduce PyraMesh - a novel family of multilevel hierarchical 2D mesh topologies resembling a pyramid structure. In PyraMesh, global packets are separated from the local ones and routed through the upper levels of the hierarchy. PyraMesh is shown to improve light-load latencies and raise the saturation point of the network to higher injection rates, as compared with previously presented NoC topologies.
Variability in 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide activity during clinical purging for autologous bone marrow transplantation (1987)

We examined the effects of varying incubation conditions on the in vitro activity of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC). 4HC activity against CFU-GM and against the K562 tumor cell line decreased with increasing the RBC concentration of the incubation mixture. Increasing the concentration of nucleated bone marrow cells in the incubation mixture also decreased the 4HC activity. Evaluation of 53 consecutive patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) revealed that the incubation RBC concentration during clinical purging showed a similar effect on CFU-GM recovery. Aldehyde dehydrogenase content of RBCs and nucleated marrow cells appears to be the cause of the inhibition of 4HC activity. Although there was no difference in individual CFU-GM sensitivity to 4HC among normals, previously treated patients undergoing autologous BMT showed significant variability in CFU-GM sensitivity to 4HC. The combined effects of incubation RBC concentration and individual patient 4HC sensitivity appear to account for most of the variability in CFU-GM recovery and speed of hematologic recovery after clinical purging with 4HC.
In Nonobese Girls, Waist Circumference as a Predictor of Insulin Resistance Is Comparable to MRI Fat Measures and Superior to BMI (2015)

In nonobese girls of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, WC, particularly when adjusted for race or ethnicity, is an independent predictor of IR comparable to MRI-derived measurements of fat and superior to the BMI Z-score.
An interoperable security framework for connected healthcare (2011)

Connected and interoperable healthcare system promises to reduce the cost of healthcare delivery, increase its efficiency and enable consumers to better engage with clinicians and manage their care. However at the same time it introduces new risks towards security and privacy of personal health information, which are considered to be prominent impediments towards the realization of full benefits of connected healthcare. In the connected healthcare system of future, different security technologies will be used to address security risks in different trust domains. For the domain of personal health and healthy lifestyle services, which is less trusted, additional security mechanisms (e.g. digital rights management) are required next to access control which is traditionally used in the professional medical domain. To realize the vision of connected health, all these mechanisms should be interoperable with each other. In this paper we provide an interoperability framework which allows digital rights management and access control systems to seamlessly work together through the use of ontology.
The benzoylarginine peptidase from <i>Treponema denticola</i> (strain ASLM), a human oral spirochaete: evidence for active‐site carboxyl groups (1990)

The benzoylarginine peptidase of Treponema denticola (strain ASLM; a human oral spirochaete) was progressively and irreversibly inactivated by 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline, a carboxyl-group reagent. At acidic pH values, reaction of one mole of the modifier per active site of the enzyme resulted in total inactivation of the enzyme. Assuming that this modifier is a specific carboxyl reagent, the data suggest that the inactivation of the T. denticola benzoylarginine peptidase was caused by the modification of one carboxyl group located close to the active site of the enzyme. Results obtained with Woodward's reagent K (N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium 3'-sulphonate) supported these findings. Carbethoxylation with diethylpyrocarbonate effectively inactivated the enzyme, and addition of hydroxylamine at pH 7.0 restored the activity almost totally, suggesting that the pyrocarbonate had reacted with tyrosyl or histidyl residues.
Experimental demonstration of 15 dB extinction ratio improvement in a new 2R optical regenerator based on an MMI-SOA (2002)

All-optical regeneration has been demonstrated for the first time using a 2/spl times/2 MMI-SOA, showing a digital-like transfer characteristic and an output extinction ratio of 22 dB for an input extinction ratio of 7 dB.
Computer analyses of glass forehearths (2003)

A computer model, FHI, written to perform analytical mass and energy balances for glass forehearth cooling zones is discussed. Assumptions used to formulate the model are presented, together with results of a sample calculation. The interpretation and potential application of model results in control strategies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of refractive error on detection acuity and resolution acuity in peripheral vision. (1997)

The large depth of focus for resolution acuity measured for peripheral vision indicates that spatial resolution is likely to remain sampling-limited even when peripheral refractive errors are not fully corrected, thus relaxing the methodologic requirements for obtaining noninvasive estimates of neural sampling density of the living eye in a clinical setting.
HLA Alleles and Susceptibility to Dermatological Disorders Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection: a Significant Association to HLA-Cw*06 (2001)

The occurrence rate of HLA class I and class II alleles was established in 24 patients suffering from dermatological disorders associated with the Helicobacter pylori infection. The increased frequency of HLA-C*0602, 4 was found to be 0.1875 compared to 0.0733 in the control group (odds ratio: 2.913; two-sided P value: P = 0.0251). Our data suggest that the HLA-Cw6 molecule play a role in the susceptibility to the Helicobacter pylori infection.
Strukturkontrolle auf der Nanoskala: Selbstorganisation des ringförmigen Polyoxowolframats [{β‐Ti<sub>2</sub>SiW<sub>10</sub>O<sub>39</sub>}<sub>4</sub>]<sup>24−</sup> (2004)

Im Titan(IV)-substituierten Polyoxowolframat [{β-Ti2SiW10O39}4]24− (1) sind vier β-Keggin-Einheiten durch Ti-O-Ti-Bindungen zu einer cyclischen Struktur verknüpft (siehe Bild, WO6 rot, TiO6 grün, SiO4 blau). In der Synthese von 1 wurde die dilakunare Vorstufe [γ-SiW10O36]8− eingesetzt. Aus den Untersuchungen ergeben sich Informationen über den Bildungsmechanismus supramolekularer Polyoxoanionen.
Dissolution Inhibitory Effect of a Urea Additive on a Carboxyl Polymer through a Supramolecular Structure (2000)

The effect of the addition of carbonyl compounds such as amide, imide, urea, and ester derivatives on the dissolution rate of carboxyl-group-containing polymers in an alkaline solution was investigated. Urea derivatives lowered the dissolution rate of the polymer film more than the other carbonyl compounds did, and 1,3-diphenylurea inhibited the dissolution of the polymer film much more efficiently than other urea derivatives. Structural studies of the dissolution inhibition led to the proposal of a supramolecular structure, in which the urea functionality hydrogen bonded to two carboxyl groups of the polymer to form a hydrophilic domain surrounded by the hydrophobic substituents of the urea derivatives. The existence of this supramolecular structure is supported by the infrared spectra of the urea additives in the polymer films.
Assessment of Periodic and Cluster-in-Vacuo Models for First Principles Calculation of EPR Parameters of Paramagnetic Defects in Crystals: Rh<sup>2+</sup> Defects in NaCl as Case Study (2011)

In order to find a reliable and efficient calculation scheme for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic parameters for transition metal complexes in ionic solids from first principles, periodic and finite cluster-in-vacuo density functional theory (DFT) simulations are performed for g tensors, ligand hyperfine tensors (A), and quadrupole tensors (Q) for Rh(2+)-related centers in NaCl. EPR experiments on NaCl:Rh single crystals identified three Rh(2+) monomer centers, only differing in the number of charge compensating vacancies in their local environment, and one dimer center. Periodic and cluster calculations, both based on periodically optimized structures, are able to reproduce experimentally observed trends in the ligand A and Q tensors and render very satisfactory numerical agreement with experiment. Taking also computation time into account as a criterion, a full periodic approach emerges as most appropriate for these parameters.The g tensor calculations, on the other hand, prove to be insufficiently accurate for model assessment. The calculations also reveal parameters of the complexes which are not directly accessible through experiments, in particular related to their geometry.
Tripleurin XIIc: Peptide Folding Dynamics in Aqueous and Hydrophobic Environment Mimic Using Accelerated Molecular Dynamics (2019)

Peptaibols are a special class of fungal peptides with an acetylated <i>N</i>-terminus and a C-terminal 1,2-amino alcohol along with non-standard amino acid residues. New peptaibols named tripleurins were recently identified from a strain of the filamentous fungal species <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>pleuroti</i>, which is known to cause green mould disease on cultivated oyster mushrooms. To understand the mode of action of these peptaibols, the three-dimensional structure of tripleurin (TPN) XIIc, an 18-mer peptide, was elucidated using an enhanced sampling method, accelerated MD, in water and chloroform solvents. Non-standard residues were parameterized by the Restrained Electrostatic Potential (RESP) charge fitting method. The dihedral distribution indicated towards a right-handed helical formation for TPN XIIc in both solvents. Dihedral angle based principal component analysis revealed a propensity for a slightly bent, helical folded conformation in water solvent, while two distinct conformations were revealed in chloroform: One that folds into highly bent helical structure that resembles a beta-hairpin and another with an almost straight peptide backbone appearing as a rare energy barrier crossing event. The hinge-like movement of the terminals was also observed and is speculated to be functionally relevant. The convergence and efficient sampling is addressed using Cartesian PCA and Kullback-Leibler divergence methods.
The human discharge chain (1997)

The common classroom demonstration of a human chain, charged by a Van de Graaff generator, and then discharged via the person at the end of the chain touching ground, is analyzed as a capacitor and resistor circuit model. The energy deposited in each person in the chain is determined. Further, the effect of increasing energy deposited in the person who touched ground, as the number of people in the chain is increased, is shown and quantified.