gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics of ionic liquids as probed by rheology (2011)

Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of complex fluids with valuable physical properties. Therefore, the investigation of dynamics of IL is vital for the fundamental understanding of their physical nature as well as for the successful engineering design in their applications. We succeeded in performing the first in-depth rheological studies of two ionic liquids of different nature in a wide frequency and temperature range (up to the glass transition and beyond), utilizing advanced techniques with an oversampling procedure and with adjustment of the instrument compliance. The important physical parameters of IL, such as Vogel temperatures, fragility, fractional free volume at the glass transition temperature, and volume expansion coefficient, were determined by rheology. Deviation from the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann behavior is detected in the vicinity of the glass transition. The master curves of dynamic moduli for both IL show systematic deviations from Maxwell behavior in the low and high frequency domains. The calculated spectra exhibit a broad relaxation time distribution, which can be approximated by two non-Maxwellian modes. We attribute the fast mode to the motion of single ions, while the slow mode might reflect the cooperative motion of ions. Our results are supported by recent dielectric and optical studies, theoretical models, and simulations, which reported dynamical heterogeneities in IL.
Stability of Ribosomes and Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1967)

After heating at 65 C, ribosomes isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus were strikingly more heat-stable than comparable preparations from Escherichia coli when tested for ability to support polyuridylic acid-directed phenylalanine incorporation at 37 C. The stability of ribosomes was also determined by measurements of hyperchromicity at 259 mmu while heating them from 25 to 90 C. In standard buffer containing 0.01 m Mg(++), the T(m) (temperature at the midpoint of total hyperchromicity) of E. coli and B. stearothermophilus ribosomes was 71 and 81 C, respectively. In a magnesium-free buffer, the T(m) of E. coli and B. stearothermophilus ribosomes was 44 and 64 C, respectively. Putrescine (0.01 m) was more effective in stabilizing ribosomes from B. stearothermophilus than those from E. coli. Spermidine (0.001 m), on the other hand, was more effective in stabilizing ribosomes from E. coli than those from B. stearothermophilus. Melting curves of total ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) from E. coli and B. stearothermophilus revealed T(m) values of 50 and 60 C, respectively. Putrescine stabilized thermophile rRNA, but had no effect on E. coli rRNA. Sucrose density gradients demonstrated that thermophile 23S ribonucleic acid was degraded during storage at -20 C; the 23S component from E. coli was stable under these conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of ribosome heat stability and the role of the ribosome in governing the temperature limits for bacterial growth.
Characterization of a <i>Phytophthora</i> Mating Hormone (2005)

Water molds of the genus Phytophthora include many plant pathogens responsible for epidemics such as potato blight and sudden oak death, causing global economic damages. Sexual reproduction is of biological importance in Phytophthora and has been believed to be stimulated by unknown endogenous factors named a hormones. We describe here the chemical characterization of a Phytophthora mating hormone, a1, which was obtained from approximately 2 tons of culture fluid of one mating type of a species and which induced sexual spores on the counter-mating type at a nanogram level.
Multimodality treatment of melanoma brain metastases incorporating stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (2007)

Our results suggest that aggressive treatment of patients with up to 5 melanoma brain metastases including SRS appears to prolong survival. Subsequent chemotherapy or immunotherapy after SRS may have contributed to the observed outcome.
Super resolved optical system using circular gratings for objects with finite sizes (2016)

We present a real time all optical super resolution method for exceeding the diffraction limit of an imaging system which has a circular aperture. The resolution improvement is obtained using two fixed circular gratings which are placed in predetermined positions. The circular gratings generate synthetic circular duplications of the aperture, thus they are the proper choice for a circular aperture optical system. The method is applicable for both spatially coherent, and for white light illumination. The improvement is achieved by limiting the object size. The proposed method is presented analytically, demonstrated via numerical simulations, and validated by laboratory experiments.
Biological dephosphatation by activated sludge under denitrifying conditions: pH influence and occurrence of denitrifying dephosphatation in a full-scale waste water treatment plant (1997)

The effect of pH on phosphorus release under anaerobic conditions was examined for denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) cultivated in an anaerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor. Also batch tests were conducted with activated sludge from a full-scale waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in order to investigate occurrence and contribution of DPB in phosphorus removal processes. In the experiments for the pH effect, enriched DPB sludge was maintained under anaerobic conditions with acetic acid (HAc) present at 5 different pH conditions (6.0∼8.0), and released phosphorus and consumed HAc concentrations were measured. When the biomass concentration was around 2.7 g-VSS/l, the observed P/C (released-P/consumed-HAc) ratios were 0.7, 1.1 and 1.2 g-P/g-C at pH=6, 7 and 8. At 4.2 g-VSS/l, the observed P/C ratios were 0.9, 1.3 and 1.2 g-P/g-C, respectively. The difference between the two experiments resulted from the endogenous phosphorus release. The same pH effect as observed for conventional anaerobic-aerobic SBR sludge, was obtained for the DPB sludge in the range of pH=6.0∼7.5. However due to precipitates formation at pH=8.0, the apparent P/C ratio was approximately 20% less than the ratio calculated from the biological released phosphorus concentration by DPB. From the results of the batch tests with activated sludge and observations on the full-scale WWTP, it was also shown that clearly denitrifying dephosphatation occurs and approximately 50% of the phosphorus removal occurs via denitrifying activities in the WWTP.
[Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) for the use of appetite stimulants in oncology. Work group. Federation of the French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC)]. (2000)

The main recommendations for the use of appetite stimulants in oncology are: 1) Corticosteroids and the synthetic progestogens (megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate) are appetite stimulants. 2) They can be useful in managing anorexia and weight loss in cancer patients, especially in the palliative setting, despite the potential side-effects of these agents. 3) The most effective way of using these drugs is not known. Inclusion in clinical trials is recommended. 4) Cyproheptadine, metoclopramide, nandrolone and pentoxif line should not be used outside prospective clinical trials. 5) Hydrazine sulfate should not be used.
Nonlinearity-Tolerant Modulation Formats for Coherent Optical Communications (2018)

Fiber nonlinearity is the main factor limiting the transmission distance of coherent optical communications. We overview several modulation formats intrinsically tolerant to fiber nonlinearity. We recently proposed family of 4D modulation formats based on 2-ary amplitude 8-ary phase-shift keying (2A8PSK), covering the spectral efficiency of 5, 6, and 7 bits/4D symbol, which will be explained in detail in this chapter. These coded modulation formats fill the gap of spectral efficiency between DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM, showing superb performance both in linear and nonlinear regimes. Since these modulation formats share the same constellation and use different parity bit expressions only, digital signal processing can accommodate those multiple modulation formats with minimum additional complexity. Nonlinear transmission simulations indicate that these modulation formats outperform the conventional formats at each spectral efficiency. We also review DSP algorithms and experimental results. Their application to time-domain hybrid modulation for 4–8 bits/4D symbol is also reviewed. Furthermore, an overview of an eight-dimensional 2A8PSK-based modulation format based on a Grassmann code is also given. All these results indicate that the 4D-2A8PSK family show great promise of excellent linear and nonlinear performances in the spectral efficiency between 3.5 and 8 bits/4D symbol.
Mononuclear Thiomolybdenyl Complexes − Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization (2001)

The first series of mononuclear thiomolybdenyl complexes, Tp*MoVSX2 [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, X/X2 = anion/dianion], has been prepared. The complexes, which have been characterized by analytical, mass spectrometric, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies, provide insights into the electronic nature and chemistry of the catalytically and biologically important thiomolybdenyl unit.
Abstract TP13: Safety and Efficacy of Cangrelor in Acute Stenting for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Pathology: Preliminary Experience in a Single-Center Pilot Study (2019)

Background and Purpose: Acute ischemic stroke secondary to tandem occlusions or carotid stenosis alone present treatment challenges, especially when antiplatet therapy is needed for extracranial or intracranial stenting.. To date, there is no standardized approach for antiplatelet inhibition in this acute setting. Methods: A single-arm pilot study was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of cangrelor plus aspirin in neurointervention for platelet inhibition in patients who require acute stenting in the setting of ischemic stroke. A standard institution protocol was generated which included 15mcg/kg loading dose followed by 2.0mcg/kg/min infusion. Once post op imaging excluded hemorrhage this was converted to aspirin and brilinta and cangrelor was discontinued. Results: A total of 6 patients have been enrolled from October 2017 to July 2018. The median age was 73 years (57.5 - 85.3). At admission, the median NIHSS was 12.5 (2 - 22.3). All of the patients were treated in acute setting per the stroke protocol at our institution. Cangrelor was infusedand all patient achieved an adequate platelet inhibition (< 200 PRU (P2Y12 Reaction Units)). Five out 6 cases, had a proximal carotid stent placed and 1 patient underwent intracranial MCA stenting. None of the patients experienced periprocedural hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications. There was also no in-stent thrombosis within 24 hours after the intervention. The majority of patients (4/6) had a good clinical outcome at discharge (mRS 0-2). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Cangrelor is a promising alternative in acute stenting for the treatment of cerebrovascular pathology, however, further studies with larger samples are required to accurately elucidate its safety and effectiveness in neuroendovascular procedures.
[Chemical constituents from the leaves of Dalbergia hainanensis]. (2003)

All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.
Integrated filtering-antenna with controllable frequency bandwidth (2015)

An integrated design of a band-pass filter and a patch antenna is proposed in this paper by using an aperture coupled structure. Traditionally, the microwave filter and antenna are designed separately using 50 Ohm interface and then connected by transmission lines, which lead to a large size and more loss. Here, the antenna and microwave filter are directly integrated without a 50 Ohm interface between them. Compared with the traditional cascade designing, the co-design of filter and antenna has a more compact size, simpler configuration, improved frequency selectivity and higher system efficiency. The frequency bandwidth also can be controlled by adjusting the dimension of the coupling aperture in the ground. The measured results agree very well with the simulations, showing the filtering-antenna has good performance in impedance matching, radiation pattern and antenna gain.
Magnetic resonance image attributes of the bovine corpus luteum during development and regression (2003)

To determine whether magnetic resonance (MR) image attributes of the corpus luteum (CL) reflect its physiologic status at different phases of the bovine ovarian cycle, we analyzed the numerical pixel values (NPVs), relaxation rates, proton densities (PDs), and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) from T(1)-, T(2)-, and diffusion-weighted in vitro images and maps of the CL acquired at defined phases of luteal function. Ovaries were removed and serum samples taken on days 3, 6, and 10, or >/=17 (day 0 = ovulation), representing metestrus (n = 10), early diestrus (n = 7), mid-diestrus (n = 9), and proestrus (n = 7), respectively. Regions of interest (ROIs) in each quadrant of the CL (which occupied at least 20% of the quadrant) were selected for analysis. Three MR image slices were analyzed: the slice with the greatest cross-sectional area of the CL, and the slices acquired immediately before and after that slice. The mean NPVs of the CL in T(1)-weighted images increased at each phase from metestrus (1,104 +/- 40 msec) to early diestrus (1,119 +/- 77 msec), to late diestrus (1,206 +/- 43 msec) and proestrus (1446 +/- 80 msec; P < 0.001). The mean NPVs in T(1)-weighted images were higher in regressing CL (proestrous) than in any other phase (P < 0.002). Grayscale heterogeneity of CL in T(1)-weighted images tended to increase during regression (P < 0.07). Regressing CL (proestrus) exhibited higher T(1)-weighted mean NPVs (P < 0.01) and tended to have greater heterogeneity (P < 0.06) than growing (metestrus) and mature (diestrus) CL, even though similar progesterone concentrations were observed. The increased brightness and heterogeneity of regressing CL in T(1)-weighted images appeared to be correlated with increased connective tissue and triglyceride content and decreased vascularity. It is anticipated that diagnostic markers for luteal viability and atresia in the in vitro bovine model will be applied to in vivo studies in women.
Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to Lumbar Disc Herniation (2000)

There was a significant advantage to treating patients within 48 hours versus more than 48 hours after the onset of cauda equina syndrome. A significant improvement in sensory and motor deficits as well as urinary and rectal function occurred in patients who underwent decompression within 48 hours versus after 48 hours.
Examination of the Potential of the Seismic Dilatometer (SDMT) to Estimate In Situ Stiffness Decay Curves in Various Soil Types (2014)

This paper illustrates the use of the seismic dilatometer (SDMT) to assess the decay of in-situ stiffness with strain level in different soil types. The approach adopted in this study relies on the ability of the SDMT to provide routinely at each test depth both a small strain stiffness (G0 from VS ) and a working strain stiffness (constrained modulus MDMT derived from the usual DMT interpretation). At various test sites, working strain DMT moduli are compared with reference stiffness decay curves back-figured from (i) the behavior observed under a full-scale test embankment (at Treporti) or footings (in Texas), (ii) from laboratory tests (at L’Aquila, Fucino plain and Po plain) and (iii) various combinations of insitu and laboratory testing techniques (Western Australia). Typical ranges of the shear strains DMT associated with working strain DMT moduli are inferred to assist construction of stiffness - strain decay curves for different soil types.
Convergence of a multiscale finite element method for elliptic problems with rapidly oscillating coefficients (1999)

We propose a multiscale finite element method for solving second order elliptic equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients. The main purpose is to design a numerical method which is capable of correctly capturing the large scale components of the solution on a coarse grid without accurately resolving all the small scale features in the solution. This is accomplished by incorporating the local microstructures of the differential operator into the finite element base functions. As a consequence, the base functions are <italic>adapted</italic> to the local properties of the differential operator. In this paper, we provide a detailed convergence analysis of our method under the assumption that the oscillating coefficient is of two scales and is periodic in the fast scale. While such a simplifying assumption is <italic>not</italic> required by our method, it allows us to use homogenization theory to obtain a useful asymptotic solution structure. The issue of boundary conditions for the base functions will be discussed. Our numerical experiments demonstrate convincingly that our multiscale method indeed converges to the correct solution, independently of the small scale in the homogenization limit. Application of our method to problems with continuous scales is also considered.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Potent Antiangiogenic Agent, 17α‐Acetoxy‐9. alpha.‐fluoro‐6α‐methylprogesterone (9α‐ Fluoromedroxyprogesterone Acetate (FMPA)). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selective alterations of RNA in rat hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesioning. (1990)

In vitro translation products from RNA of rat hippocampus after deafferentation by entorhinal cortex lesions were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Although hippocampal total RNA yield was not affected 14 days after the lesion, analysis of the gels showed reproducible changes in the steady-state level of several transcripts. Glial fibrillary acidic protein RNA increased 2-fold over control hippocampi RNA. Moreover, seven other transcripts of unknown identity had increased prevalence in the denervated hippocampus. The changes, which ranged from 2- to 20-fold, involved mRNA encoding small slightly acidic polypeptides: 12 kDa (pI 5.6), 13 kDa (pI 6.1), 20 kDa (pI 5.8), 31 kDa (pI 5.7), 33 kDa (pI 5.7), 35 kDa (pI 5.6), and 53 kDa (pI 5.4). These results suggest new molecular markers for analyzing the complex mechanisms of synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus after deafferentation.
ABSENCE OF A CHLORAMPHENICOL-INSENSITIVE PHASE OF STREPTOMYCIN ACTION (1962)

Plotz, Paul H. (Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.) and Bernard D. Davis. Absence of a chloramphenicol-insensitive phase of streptomycin action. J. Bacteriol. 83:802-805. 1962.-Previous findings have suggested the possibility that the damaging effect of streptomycin on the bacterial cell membrane is only preliminary to an intracellular lethal action. Since the membrane effect requires protein synthesis, a two-stage action might be recognized if the second stage did not require protein synthesis. Indeed, it has been reported that Escherichia coli cells, pretreated with streptomycin, are not protected by chloramphenicol from subsequent killing by streptomycin in a nitrogen-free medium. However, we were unable to confirm this report or to observe any chloramphenicol-insensitive phase of streptomycin action in a growth medium. It is, therefore, not yet possible to decide whether the lethal event occurs at the membrane or within the cell.
Oxide Coatings on Silicon Nitride by Displacement Reactions (2008)

Environmental barrier coatings are currently of intense interest for protection of silicon nitride components in gas turbine engine environments. Solid-liquid displacement reactions are characterized by the penetration and reaction of molten metals with ceramics. Various liquid metals, including Al, Sn-Zr, and Sn-Ti, were reacted with dense silicon nitride ceramics having a silicate surface layer. Reactions between the two resulted in the formation of oxide surface coatings whose composition depend on the molten metal used. Preliminary data indicate there was a reaction gradient extending from the surface coating into the silicon nitride base material.
Delivery of midinfrared (6 to 7-μm) laser radiation in a liquid environment using infrared-transmitting optical fibers (2003)

Ablation at wavelengths near lambda = 6.45 microm results in tissue ablation with minimal collateral damage (< 40 microm) yet yields a high ablation rate that is useful for human surgery. However, delivery of this wavelength has been limited to that in air and thus to applications in which the target tissue can be readily exposed. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential of a pulsed infrared laser at lambda = 6.45 microm for noncontact ablation in a liquid environment. To this end we investigated fiber delivery in combination with the use of infrared transparent liquids. Transmission characteristics and damage thresholds for two types of fiber materials (silver halide and arsenic sulfide), for high-power pulsed laser radiation were determined using the Mark III free electron laser. Both fibers had comparable bulk losses (0.54 dB/m and 0.62 dB/m, respectively) while the arsenic sulfide fibers showed more coupling losses (37 versus 27%). Damage thresholds were higher in arsenic sulfide fibers than in silver halide fibers (1.12 GW/cm2 versus 0.54 GW/cm2), but both fibers were sufficient to deliver radiant exposures well above the ablation threshold in tissue. Seven different perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs), known for their transparency at lambda = 2.94 microm, were investigated and their optical transmission was determined using Fourier transform infrared and direct Beer's law measurements. All of the PFCLs tested had similar values for an absorption coefficient mu(a) at a given wavelength (mu(a) = 0.05 mm(-1) at lambda = 2.94 microm and mu(a) is approximately 3 mm(-1) at lambda = 6.45 microm). Pump-probe imaging showed the ablation sequence (lambda = 6.45 microm) at the fiber tip in a water environment, which revealed a fast expanding and collapsing bubble. In contrast, the volatile PF-5060 showed no fast bubble expansion and collapse, but rather formation of nontransient gas bubbles. Perfluorodecalin did not show any bubble formation at the radiant exposures used. It was shown that using the lambda = 6.45 microm wavelength delivered via fiber optics in combination with perfluorodecalin allows a noncontact laser surgical procedure. Deeper structures, however, are effectively shielded because the radiant exposure of the beam will fall below the ablation threshold owing to the absorption by perfluorodecalin. This may optimize the efficacy and safety of laser-based vitreoretinal surgery.