gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Valvular heart disease in a man with Parkinson’s disease (2008)

CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old woman diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome (TS) 10 years ago presented for consideration of surgical treatment due to lack of benefit from medications. The patient and her family were unsure when the involuntary movements began, but she was described by her family as ‘nervous all of her life’. Over the years, the movements slowly worsened. They were not preceded by an urge and could not be suppressed. She never had vocalizations. She started falling 3 years before presentation and also developed slurred speech and dysphagia, with significant weight loss. She became depressed and developed compulsions such as spending money and eating. She was unable to pay bills due to cognitive impairment. She had tried multiple neuroleptic medications without relief of her involuntary movements and other symptoms.
A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR RESPIRATOR CARTRIDGE SERVICE LIFE FOR BINARY SYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO ACETONE/STYRENE MIXTURES (1992)

A theoretical model, developed previously to assess respirator cartridge service life, was applied to various acetone/styrene binary assault systems. Experimental data, collected for several binary mixtures differing only with respect to the concentration of each of the two compounds, were interpreted in terms of the model. Styrene concentrations varied from 228 to 1578 ppm; the range of acetone concentrations was 92-985 ppm. The specific influence of the compound assault concentrations on respirator cartridge service life was carefully characterized, as break-through curves were generated for both acetone and styrene for each of several different binary systems. Specifically, experimental data for each system were used to determine values of the following theoretical parameters: k'1, tau 1, k'2, tau 2, and Am. These parameters were employed with the theory to generate complete theoretical breakthrough curves and to determine the time-dependence of the weight of each compound adsorbed by the respirator cartridge carbon bed. An interesting phenomenon observed for the acetone/styrene systems was the displacement (from the carbon) of previously adsorbed acetone molecules by styrene molecules. Acetone breakthrough was observed first in each of the systems studied. Following the onset of this breakthrough, the acetone breakthrough concentration was enhanced by the displacement of acetone from the carbon bed by the adsorption of styrene. The theoretical model accurately predicts both this enhancement and the associated breakthrough characteristics of styrene. In addition, the theory is capable of predicting the ratio of the number of displaced acetone molecules to the corresponding number of displacing styrene molecules. For these studies, this ratio ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. The service life of respirator cartridges exposed to acetone/styrene mixtures depends on the assault concentration of each compound and is significantly influenced (shortened) by the displacement phenomenon.
New Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Group-Type Analysis of Petroleum Cuts (Second Part) (1999)

International audience
Flame emissivities - alternative fuels (1978)

An understanding of radiative heat transfer from combustion products is needed for the prediction of thermal efficiency and heat-flux distribution in furnaces and for the estimation of the thermal punishment of the confining walls in internal combustion engines and gas turbines. The emissivities of combustion products are considered, taking into account carbon dioxide, water vapor, the overlap correction factor, soot, carbonaceous particles, the emissivities of mixtures of solids and gases, furnaces fired with low- or intermediate-Btu gas, the effect of H/C ratio on the nonluminous contribution to emissivity, the emissivity of coal combustion products, diesel engines, and gas turbines. It is found that the expected shift from petroleum-derived oils to coal-derived liquids would have only a modest effect on the nonluminous contribution to radiation in a large-scale combustor. The greatest potential impact of increases in radiation anticipated with increases in the C/H ratio of fuels is in the design of gas turbine combustors.
Antitumor Activity of New Antitumor Substance, Polyoxomolybdate, against Several human Cancers in Athymic Nude Mice. (1992)

Antitumor polyoxomolybdates have been recognized in the course of study on the medical utilization of polyoxometalates, inorganic polymers of metal oxide. [NH3Pri]6[Mo7O24].3H2O (PM-8) was found as a representative of antitumor polyoxomolybdates. The growth suppressions of PM-8 against Co-4 human colon cancer xenografted under the subrenal capsule in cd-1 mice were equal or superior to that of 5-FU, MMC, ACNU, ADM and CDDP. Potent antitumor activity of PM-8 is also established against MX-1 human breast and OAT human lung cancer xenografted in athymic nude mice. Polyoxomolybdate is a new type of antitumor substance.
Self-Organization of Spheroidal Molecular Assemblies in Polar Solvents (1999)

[reaction: see text] We report a number of 1:1 noncovalent complexes composed of a symmetrical trisphosphonate and various symmetrical trisammonium or trisamidinium compounds. The spheroidal complexes show high thermodynamic stability, with association constants Ka reaching 10(6) M(-1) in methanol and in some cases even exceeding 10(3) M(-1) in water. The observed Ka values correlate well with the different degree of preorganization of the complexation partners.
Investigation of implantation-induced defects in thin gate oxides using low field tunnel currents (2002)

The influence of through the gate implantation (TGI) on MOS structures with an oxide thickness of 4.0 nm is investigated comparing implantation related trap assisted tunneling currents to leakage currents induced by electrical stress. Although the steady-state J-V characteristics show a similar behavior of the differently generated defects, trap filling experiments and electrical stress tests suggest different physical properties of either kind of defect. Also a decrease in trap generation rate with increasing TGI dose is detected, probably due to a TGI induced reduction of precursor sites for stress induced traps. As overall defect density is formed by the superposition of implantation induced and stress induced defects, this is not contradictory to a reduction of reliability with increasing TGI dose found earlier.
Adventures of Möbius band (2002)

Differential geometry and topology are the areas of higher mathematics, which particularly require visual representation of studying objects for better understanding of the material. On the other hand, the complex structure of such objects makes their visualization a challenge for modern graphical systems. In this video we demonstrate real-time methods for adequate representation of topologically non-trivial objects in virtual environment systems, particularly the acceleration of standard mechanisms for rendering of transparent surfaces, applicable for complex cases of self-intersecting time-dependent surfaces, not necessarily admitting continuous fields of normal vectors. We also use the technique of image-based rendering, which places stereo-photographs of real environments as static background for 3D virtual scenes. The methods are implemented in educational application, which demonstrates the main properties of elementary topological objects (Möbius band, Klein bottle, projective plane etc) and gives a possibility to explore interactively the complex constructions, arising in higher mathematics.
Expression, purification and kinetic characterization of wild-type human ornithine transcarbamylase and a recurrent mutant that produces ‘late onset’ hyperammonaemia (1997)

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency, an X-linked disorder, is the most common cause of inherited urea cycle disorders. Approx. 90 mutations that produce reduced levels of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTCase) activity have been identified in patients [Tuchman (1993) Hum. Mutat. 2, 174-178; Tuchman and Plante (1995) Hum. Mutat. 5, 293-295]. A model of the three-dimensional structure of OTCase, developed on the basis of its homology to the catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) [Tuchman, Morizono, Reish, Yuan and Allewell (1995) J. Med. Genet. 32, 680-688], and in good agreement with the crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OTCase [Villeret, Tricot, Stalon and Dideberg (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 10762-10766], indicates that many mutations that produce severe clinical symptoms are at the active site or buried in the interior of the protein. However, one of the few recurrent mutations, R277W, an alteration that produces a milder phenotype of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, is located in the model in a loop remote from the active site that is analogous to a similar loop (the 240's loop, a flexible loop of the catalytic chain of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase, comprised of residues 230-250) of ATCase. Human wild-type OTCase and the R277W mutant have been cloned and overexpressed in E. coli and a rapid and efficient purification method utilizing the bisubstrate analogue, Ndelta-(phosphonacetyl)-L-ornithine, has been developed and used to purify both proteins. Gel chromatography indicates both are trimeric. The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters of the wild-type enzyme is similar to that of E. coli OTCase [Kuo, Herzberg and Lipscomb (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4754-4761], suggesting that its catalytic mechanism is similar, although its maximal activity is approx. 10-fold less. Compared with the wild-type, the R277W mutant has nearly 70-fold lower affinity for L-ornithine, shows no substrate inhibition, and its thermal stability is reduced by 5 degrees C. Its reduced affinity for L-ornithine, which in turn results in lower activity at physiological concentrations of ornithine, as well as its reduced stability, may contribute to the clinical effects that it produces.
Modeling of a soft X-ray diode using particle-in-cell and Monte-Carlo simulations (1997)

Summary form only given. A soft X-ray tube built and developed by one of the authors (DP) is a standard radiographic diagnostic for imploding liner experiments conducted at Los Alamos. For particular experiments one would like to increase the X-ray dose and simultaneously decrease the X-ray spot size generated by this tube. We are using both particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo models to determine those design changes to the diode and/or driving voltage that can produce the desired characteristics. To evaluate the X-ray dose, the spectral features of the radiation, and spot size that are generated from electrons striking a cone-shaped tungsten anode target, we are using the Monte-Carlo transport code, MCNPE. A range of electron energies and incident angles is modeled to try to optimize the X-ray characteristics.
Epidermal antigen-presenting cells in activation of suppression: identification of a new functional type of ultraviolet radiation-resistant epidermal cell. (1984)

Exposure of mice to low doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in vivo leads to an inability to sensitize them to contact sensitizing reagents at the site of irradiation, and this depressed sensitization is accompanied by the formation of antigen-specific T suppressor (Ts) cells. It has also been demonstrated that hapten-coupled epidermal cells (EC) from UVR-treated mice are unable to immunize mice efficiently when administered subcutaneously, and such immunization results in the appearance of suppressor cells. The authors report that the murine epidermis contains a previously unrecognized antigen-presenting cell (APC) that is required for the activation of suppression, and that this APC is resistant to UVR. The dose of UVR employed is, however, sufficient to prevent substantial positive immunization of mice with syngeneic UV-irradiated hapten-coupled EC. These data explain in part the changes induced in epidermal antigen-presenting function of UVR, and has consequences for the understanding of UVR-induced cutaneous carcinogenesis.
Influence of Hypersulfated Lactobionic Acid Amides on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release (1991)

Under our experimental conditions, the sulfated bis-lactobionic acid amide, LW 10079, showed the strongest t-PA-releasing effect in the isolated perfused pig ear. In rats the sulfated bis-lactobionic acid amide LW 10121 was the most potent compound in acute t-PA release. In both experiments the bis-lactobionic acid amide LW 10082 did not work as a releaser of t-PA. Therefore in the case of LW 10082, the activation of the fibrinolytic pathway as a possible mechanism of its antithrombotic effect can be excluded.
The maxine virtual machine and inspector (2008)

The meta-circular, IDE-friendly research VM Maxine promotes agile managed runtime development. Our guided VM tour features the Maxine Inspector tool, which combines object browsing and multi-level debugging, taking a close look at prominent internal VM data structures and mechanisms. The Maxine VM and Inspector are available under GPLv2 at http://maxine.dev.java.net.
Prediction of the Loss of Precipitation Strengthening in Modern 9-12% Cr Steels – A Numerical Approach (2007)

Abstract The creep resistance of 9-12% Cr steels is significantly influenced by the presence and stability of different precipitate populations. Numerous secondary phases grow, coarsen and, sometimes, dissolve again during heat treatment and service. Based on the software package MatCalc, the evolution of these precipitates during the thermal treatment of the COST 522 steel CB8 is simulated from the cooling process after cast solidification to heat treatment and service up to the aspired service life time of 100.000h. On basis of the results obtained from these simulations in combination with a newly implemented model for evaluation of the maximum threshold stress by particle strengthening, the strengthening effect of each individual precipitate phase, as well as the combined effect of all phases is evaluated - a quantification of the influence of Z-Phase formation on the long-term creep behaviour is thus made possible. This opens a wide field of application for alloy development and leads to a better understanding of the evolution of microstructural components as well as the mechanical properties of these complex alloys.
Expression of <I>AeaHsp26</I> and <I>AeaHsp83</I> in <I>Aedes aegypti</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae and Pupae in Response to Heat Shock Stress (2010)

Immature mosquito development and survival of adults are highly sensitive to environmental temperature, which can alter gene expression during the mosquito life-cycle. To further understand how heat shock proteins are developmentally expressed in mosquitoes, we subjected first instar larvae, 16-h old pupae and female of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to heat shock treatment for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min at 23 and 42 degrees C. The heat shock protein genes AeaHsp26, AeaHsp83, and AeaHsc70 were examined by comparing relative transcript expression levels at 42 degrees C compared with 23 degrees C. Upregulated transcripts from heat shock treatment at 42 degrees C and control were further confirmed and quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data revealed that first instar larvae were more sensitive to heat shock treatment than pupae and adults (i.e., relative AeaHsp26 expression levels in larvae were 10-fold greater than in the females. AeaHsp83 expression levels in larvae, pupae and adults were upregulated 2- to 50-fold greater by heat shock treatment at 42 degrees C compared with 23 degrees C. AeaHsc70 expression levels in larvae, pupae and adults, however, were upregulated less than AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 at the higher temperature. Statistical analysis indicated that AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 genes were significantly upregulated in Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae after 15, 30, 60, and 180 min exposure to high temperature (42 degrees C). The current study has shown that AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 are important markers of stress and may function as critical proteins to protect and enhance survival of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae.
Infrared target simulation environment for pattern recognition applications (1994)

The generation of complete databases of IR data is extremely useful for training human observers and testing automatic pattern recognition algorithms. Field data may be used for realism, but require expensive and time-consuming procedures. IR scene simulation methods have emerged as a more economical and efficient alternative for the generation of IR databases. A novel approach to IR target simulation is presented in this paper. Model vehicles at 1:24 scale are used for the simulation of real targets. The temperature profile of the model vehicles is controlled using resistive circuits which are embedded inside the models. The IR target is recorded using an Inframetrics dual channel IR camera system. Using computer processing we place the recorded IR target in a prerecorded background. The advantages of this approach are: (1) the range and 3D target aspect can be controlled by the relative position between the camera and model vehicle; (2) the temperature profile can be controlled by adjusting the power delivered to the resistive circuit; (3) the IR sensor effects are directly incorporated in the recording process, because the real sensor is used; (4) the recorded target can embedded in various types of backgrounds recorded under different weather conditions, times of day etc. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by generating an IR database of three vehicles which is used to train a back propagation neural network. The neural network is capable of classifying vehicle type, vehicle aspect, and relative temperature with a high degree of accuracy.
Critical-path-based message logging for incremental replay of message-passing programs (2002)

Debugging long-running, nondeterministic message-passing parallel programs requires incremental replay, the ability to exactly replay selected parts of an execution. To support incremental replay, we must log enough messages and checkpoint processes often enough to allow any requested replay to complete quickly. We present an adaptive tracing strategy to keep the message-logging overhead down. We let the user specify a bound on the maximum time any replay request is allowed to take. Our algorithm tracks what each process's critical path will be during a replay and logs enough messages to ensure the critical path will never exceed the bound. Overhead is kept low by not logging messages that can be recomputed during a replay. Experiments indicate that we log about 0.1-5% of the messages while still providing a reasonable bound on any replay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel mechanism for RNase E-initiated decay of 5’-protected mRNA in Escherichia coli (2009)

In Escherichia coli, 5'-terminal RNA stem-loop structures are major impediments to the rate-determining initiation of mRNA degradation catalyzed by the endonuclease RNase E. Protected RNAs do, nonetheless, decay at appreciable rates, and factors which enforce the initial barrier to decay or modulate an alternative decay pathway are unknown. A prosthetic RNA hairpin at the extreme 5'-terminus of a model mRNA substrate, r/w7mRNA, stabilized this RNA 6-fold against a decay-initiating RNase E cleavage. Altering the efficiency of translation or introducing premature-termination codons demonstrated that stem-loop-mediated stabilization of rpsT mRNA depended on efficient translational initiation and ribosome passage through the ratedetermining RNase E cleavage site within the coding sequence. Introduction of sequences encompassing characterized RNase E cleavage sites, referred to here as 'portable' RNase E cleavage sites, from either the me mRNA leader or 9S rRNA into rpsT mRNA significantly reduced the stabilizing effects of the terminal stem-loop. Destabilization by the 'portable' cleavage sequences required active RNase E, and cleavage-site mapping demonstrated endonucleolytic cleavage within the inserted sequences. Furthermore, the efficiency of destabilization by 'portable' RNase E cleavage sites was dependent on both the primary sequence of the insert as well as its position within the 5' UTR or ORF of the stem-loop-protected rpsT mRNA. This work has led to the proposal of a model for RNase E-mediated degradation of 5'- protected mRNA involving bypass of the preferred interaction with the 5' terminus and 'internal' recognition of the mRNA substrate. Moreover, the efficiency of'internal' entry appears to be determined by the intrinsic susceptibility of the rate-limiting cleavage site alone. Finally, the involvement of the arginine-rich RNA binding domain of RNase E in the internal entry mechanism of RNA degradation is discussed.
Accelerated thermal recovery for flash-lamp-pumped solid-state laser amplifiers final report for 97-ERD-133 (1999)

We have developed a cost-effective method for accelerating the thermal wavefront recovery and shot rate of large, flashlamp-pumped, Nd:glass, Brewster-angle slab lasers of the type used for studying inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and laser-plasma interactions. This method removes waste pump heat by flowing slightly-chilled, turbulent gas over the flashlamps and blastshields after each shot, with the cooled blastshields serving as heat sinks for radiatively extracting residual heat deposited in the laser slabs. We performed both experiments and modeling to characterize residual optical distortions arising from both temperature gradients within the laser slabs as well as from buoyantly-driven convection currents in the amplifier cavity and attached beam tubes. The most rapid thermal recovery was achieved by reducing the temperature of the cooling gas by 0.5-1 C below the ambient temperature for about two hours after the shot. Model predictions for the 1.8-MJ National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser now being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) show that such chilled-gas cooling would increase the thermal-distortion-limited shot rate from about one shot every eight hours to one shot every three to four hours, thus significantly increasing the potential scientific productivity of this major Department of Energy (DOE) facility.
<i>N</i>-(1-Acryloyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)acrylamide (2011)

The title compound, C(15)H(24)N(2)O(2), crystallizes with two unique mol-ecules, (I) and (II), in the asymmetric unit, differing in the orientation of the acryloyl units with respect to the piperidine rings. The acryl-amide units are essentially planar in both mol-ecules (r.m.s. deviations = 0.042 and 0.024 Å, respectively), as are the C(3)N chains of the acryloyl units. The carbonyl O atoms of the acryloyl systems lie significantly out of these planes, viz. by -0.171 (9) Å for molecule (I) and by 0.33 (1) Å for molecule (II). The acryl-amide and acryloyl planes are inclined at 68.7 (4)° and 59.8 (3)° in the two mol-ecules. The piperidine rings each adopt twist boat conformations. In the crystal, strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into zigzag C(4) chains along b. Additional C-H⋯O contacts result in the formation of stacks along a.