gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Studies in Stereochemistry. XXXII. Models for 1,2-Asymmetric Induction</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Stereochemistry. XXXII. Models for 1,2-Asymmetric InductionDonald J. Cram and Donald R. WilsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 9, 1245–1249Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00892a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00892a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1033Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radiopaque Iodosilane-Coated Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticle Contrast Agent for Dual-Modality Ultrasound and X-ray Bioimaging (2022)

Here, we report the synthesis of robust hybrid iodinated silica-lipid nanoemulsions (HSLNEs) for use as a contrast agent for ultrasound and X-ray applications. We engineered iodinated silica nanoparticles (SNPs), lipid nanoemulsions, and a series of HSLNEs by a low-energy spontaneous nanoemulsification process. The formation of a silica shell requires sonication to hydrolyze and polymerize/condensate the iodomethyltrimethoxysilane at the oil/water interface of the nanoemulsion droplets. The resulting nanoemulsions (NEs) exhibited a homogeneous spherical morphology under transmission electron microscopy. The particles had diameters ranging from 20 to 120 nm with both negative and positive surface charges in the absence and presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), respectively. Unlike CTAB-coated nanoformulations, the CTAB-free NEs showed excellent biocompatibility in murine RAW macrophages and human U87-MG cell lines in vitro. The maximum tolerated dose assessment was evaluated to verify their safety profiles in vivo. In vitro X-ray and ultrasound imaging and in vivo computed tomography were used to monitor both iodinated SNPs and HSLNEs, validating their significant contrast-enhancing properties and suggesting their potential as dual-modality clinical agents in the future.
Prognostic Significance of CD44, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α, and Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

When combined with other variables, PDGFR-alpha expression in RCC may provide additional predictive value related to the patient's overall survival. However, CD44 and cyclooxygenase 2 do not seem to be independent prognostic indicators in predicting outcomes for patients with RCC.
Neural mechanism of hypertension by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in dogs. (1993)

This study aimed to determine the mechanism of hypertension associated with nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Intravenous injections of NG-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, produced a sustained increase in systemic blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate in anesthetized dogs, whereas NG-nitro-D-arginine had no effect. L-Arginine reversed the pressor response. NG-Nitro-L-arginine-induced hypertension was markedly attenuated or abolished by treatment with hexamethonium; this inhibition was still observed when the blood pressure fall caused by the ganglionic blocking agent was compensated by continuous infusion of angiotensin II. In dogs treated with phentolamine in a dose sufficient to lower blood pressure to the level similar to that elicited by hexamethonium and to suppress the pressor response to norepinephrine, the hypertensive effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine was not attenuated. We conclude that hypertension caused by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor is associated with an elimination of nitroxidergic neural function rather than an impairment of the basal release of nitric oxide from the endothelium.
Thermal & chemical analyses of hydrothermally derived carbon materials from corn starch (2016)

Hydrothermal and pyrolytic carbonization were used in this study to prepare a range of carbonaceous materials from corn starch powder. The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between microstructures of the hydrothermally carbonized materials synthesized by a two-step carbonization process and their thermophysical and thermochemical properties. Differences in thermal behavior, as observed by thermogravimetric measurements conducted in air, were investigated by supplementary studies using elemental and proximate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterisation and weight loss kinetic modeling. The results indicated that the degree of the aromatization of obtained materials with higher carbon contents could be increased by subsequent annealing at higher temperatures. The resulting materials with different carbon skeletons displayed different kinetic behavior upon heating. Kinetic modeling of the thermogravimetric data revealed a low temperature and a high temperature combustion region with different kinetics parameters, thus demonstrating the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a synthesis strategy for fine-tuned functional high-purity combustion fuel preparation.
A Green and Facile Route to γ‐ and δ‐Lactones via Efficient Pinner‐Cyclization of Hydroxynitriles in Water. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Safety and Efficacy of Outpatient Nesiritide in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure (2008)

Serial outpatient nesiritide infusions do not provide a demonstrable clinical benefit over intensive outpatient management of patients with advanced American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage C/D heart failure.
Fabrication of optical waveguides by ion‐beam sputtering (1976)

Films have been deposited by sputtering a target with a large‐diameter ion beam which can be neutralized by electrons. The ion‐beam diameter is defined by a 2‐in. (5.08‐cm) diam aperture in a Ta plate. Sputtering of this plate acts as a getter pump and substrates are introduced into the system through an airlock so that the residual gas pressure can be maintained in the 10−6 Pa range while the sputtering gas ambient is about 6×10−3 Pa. Excited species in the vicinity of the target are monitored by emission spectroscopy and the secondary ion mass spectra are measured using an electrostatic energy filter. The performance of the system has been determined by depositing optical waveguides using a Ta target and O and Ar ion beams. With an Ar+ beam, Ta films with the bcc structure were deposited whereas transparent, amorphous films were obtained using an ion beam containing O and Ar ions. The refractive index of the films was approximately 2.13, which is similar to the value for films reactively sputtered in a glow discharge, and the lowest optical loss was approximately 11 dB/cm.
Beam profile approach to lens design for fiber optics (2003)

The common approach to designing multimode fiber coupling lenses is based on fiber end-face imaging. A model, proposed here, deals with beam profiles. Paraxial ray tracing shows that the output of a graded-index multimode fiber has a hyperbolic profile, similar to a singlemode beam. Focusing this beam by a lens is similar to a Gaussian beam focusing. Light focused from a step-index multimode fiber has two waists. Matching their size and NA to fiber parameters is not enough for good coupling: the beam profile should in fact be corrected. The propagation properties of graded-index multimode fiber beams are similar to singlemode beams and differ from step-index multimode fiber beams. The beam profile approach defines these properties, while the imaging approach often fails. A ray model, describing the beam profile, is convenient in computer simulation of lens systems for fiber optics. It visualizes beams in ray-tracing codes such as ZEMAX and allows aberration optimization regarding minimal beam distortion. Gaussian beam diffraction is not an issue, if there is no beam clipping - the ray model is consistent with the traditional wave model. These results are important for correct design of fiber coupling lenses.
Virulence from vesicles: Novel mechanisms of host cell injury by Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak strain (2015)

The highly virulent Escherichia coli O104:H4 that caused the large 2011 outbreak of diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome secretes blended virulence factors of enterohaemorrhagic and enteroaggregative E. coli, but their secretion pathways are unknown. We demonstrate that the outbreak strain releases a cocktail of virulence factors via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) shed during growth. The OMVs contain Shiga toxin (Stx) 2a, the major virulence factor of the strain, Shigella enterotoxin 1, H4 flagellin, and O104 lipopolysaccharide. The OMVs bind to and are internalised by human intestinal epithelial cells via dynamin-dependent and Stx2a-independent endocytosis, deliver the OMV-associated virulence factors intracellularly and induce caspase-9-mediated apoptosis and interleukin-8 secretion. Stx2a is the key OMV component responsible for the cytotoxicity, whereas flagellin and lipopolysaccharide are the major interleukin-8 inducers. The OMVs represent novel ways for the E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain to deliver pathogenic cargoes and injure host cells.
Bone tissue engineering with novel rhBMP2‐PLLA composite scaffolds (2007)

The aims of the present study were to fabricate a novel porous polylactic acid (PLLA) composite scaffold and evaluate the capacity of the scaffold in carrying recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) for engineering bone formation. The structures of the PLLA scaffolds were evaluated by SEM and the controlled release of rhBMP2 from the composite scaffolds was assayed by ELISA. Bone induction by the scaffolds loaded with or without rhBMP2 was performed in the calf muscle of twenty Wistar rats for 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 days. Tissue specimens were examined by Masson's trichrome and von Kossa stainings, and immunohistochemistry of bone proteins. Our results indicated that a moderate foreign body reaction was found in control scaffolds, which lasted for 4 weeks. The addition of rhBMP2 to this novel scaffold dramatically alleviated the adverse responses to PLLA. Enhanced deposition of collagen matrix and endochondral formation were observed in rhBMP2-PLLA scaffolds at 7-10 days, compatible with an early release of rhBMP2 in the composite scaffolds. Bone sialoprotein and osteopontin were demonstrated simultaneously. Von Kossa staining was observed in the test group at 10-14 days. In conclusion, the PLLA scaffolds exhibited the capability of carrying rhBMP2 for inducing bone formation within 2 weeks. These results suggest that rhBMP2-PLLA scaffold may be applicable in tissue engineering.
Two Variable Regions in Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule1 N-terminal Domains Located in or Next to Monoclonal Antibody and Adhesion Epitopes Show Evidence of Recombination in Rat but Not in Human (2004)

In this paper, we have characterized the structure, evolutionary origin, and function of rat and human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule1 (CEACAM1) multifunctional Ig-like cell adhesion proteins that are expressed by many epithelial tissues. Restriction enzyme digestion reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis identified three cDNAs encoding novel CEACAM1 N-domains. Comparative sequence analysis showed that human and rat CEACAM1 N-domains segregated into two groups differing in similarity to rat CEACAM1(a)-4L and human CEACAM1. Sequence variability analysis indicated that both human and rat N-domains possessed two variable regions, and one contained a major adhesive epitope. Recombination analysis showed that the group of rat but not human N-domains with high sequence similarity was derived at least in part by recombination. Binding assays revealed that three monoclonal antibodies with strong reactivity for the CEACAM1(a)-4L N-domain showed no reactivity with CEACAM1(b)-4S, an allele with a different N-domain sequence. CEACAM1(b)-4S displayed adhesive activity efficiently blocked by a synthetic peptide corresponding to the adhesive epitope in CEACAM1(a)-4L. Blocking analysis also showed that the adhesive epitope for rat CEACAM1 was located downstream from the equivalent human and mouse epitopes. Glycosylation analysis demonstrated O-linked sugars on rat CEACAM1(b)-4S from COS-1 cells. However, this was not the alteration responsible for the lack of monoclonal antibody reactivity. When considered together with previous studies, our findings suggest an inverse relationship between functionality and amino acid sequence similarity to CEACAM1. Like IgG, the N-domain of CEACAM1 appears to tolerate 10-15% sequence diversification without loss of function but begins to show either altered specificity or diminished functionality at higher levels.
330 ISSUES OF SCIENCE AND POLICY IN THE DESIGN OF A NATIONAL HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SURVEY (1995)

-Surke, T A; Suckley, T; Creason, J; Lioy, P J; Pellizzari, E; Ryan, P B; Schwab, M; Spangler, J D; Johns, H Zenick Author Information
Continuous quantification of uniqueness and stereoscopic vision (2011)

In this paper we introduce the concept of continuous quantification of uniqueness. Our approach is to construct an algorithm that computes a fuzzy set membership function, which given any inter-object dissimilarity metric and it's variability, measures the probability that an entity of interest will not be confused with other similar entities in a search space. We demonstrate use of this algorithm by applying it to stereoscopic computer vision, in order to identify which of several sub-problems pertaining to solution of the classic stereoscopic correspondence problem are least likely to be solved incorrectly, and hence are most well suited to greatest confidence first approaches.
Structural studies on sterol carrier protein-2 from plants (2006)

Sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) is a small cytoplasmic protein, originally described as a cholesterol transfer protein. Later SCP-2 has been shown to bind a variety of lipids but its actual biological function is unclear. SCP-2-like proteins have been found in various organisms from bacteria to vertebrates and the crystal structure has been determined for SCP-2 from rabbit [1], yellow fever mosquito [2] and the human D-bifunctional enzyme Recently, our collaborators discovered an SCP-2 also in plants We study the structure and ligand binding properties of SCP-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSCP-2) and Euphorbia lagascae (ElSCP-2). Although AtSCP-2 and ElSCP-2 have a high sequence identity (67.5%), they preferably bind different lipids. We have prepared homology models of these proteins [4] and examined their ligand-binding cavities. Our aim is to solve the 3-D structure of ligand-bound AtSCP-2 and ElSCP-2 and the crystallization is in progress. Such structures would be of importance, since it is stil largely unclear how SCP-2 binds its natural ligands.
ANALYSIS OF CEMENT MANTLE IN RELATION TO SURGICAL APPROACH (2006)

Introduction: Aseptic loosening remains the commonest causes of failure of total hip arthroplasty. Cement mantle defects are associated with aseptic loosening. This study aimed to determine a correlation between surgical approach and cement mantle defects in the Stanmore Hip. The Stanmore total hip replacement was chosen because it has greater than an eighty-five percent survivorship over 25 years and unlike other prostheses with comparable results such as the Charnley total hip, it remains essentially unchanged to date. Method: This was a retrospective review of all Stanmore hips. AP and lateral radiographs were available for 62 patients operated via the posterior approach and 100 patients operated via the anterolateral approach. The mean cement thickness in all fourteen Gruen zones was estimated for each patient. Gruen zones IV and XI, representing the stem tip, were removed from data relating to mantle thickness. Mantles were graded as less than 2mm, 2–5mm, 5–10mm and more than 10mm. Alignment was also measured. Results: Fifty-nine percent (32/54) of cement mantle defects are seen in Gruen zones VIII to XIV. The mean cement mantle thickness in A-L approach was 3.11mm compared to 4.23mm with the posterior approach. This corresponds with the frequency of cement mantle defects occurrence. No cement defects were seen in Gruen zones IV or XI. Using the anterolateral approach, defects were observed in 49 out of 1200 zones (4.08%) and using the posterior approach in 6 out of 744 zones (0.81%). With the anterolateral approach, 19 out of 100 cement mantles (19%) had defects, compared to only 3 out of 62 (4.84%) with the posterior approach. Defects were most commonly seen in zones I, V, VIII and XII, which corresponds to valgus and posterior orientation of the stem. Discussion: The posterior approach does generate a more uniform cement mantle. Several studies suggest that a cement mantle smaller than 2mm or greater than 10mm can be detrimental to the survivorship of the arthroplasty. This study suggests that a deficient cement mantle is more likely using an anterolateral approach.
Structural analysis of crystalline Ca<sup>++</sup>transport ATPase vesicles (1983)

In our efforts to study the three-dimensional structure and molecular organization of ion-motive ATPases by electron microscopy and image processing we have systematically investigated conditions which induce the formation of ordered arrays of these integral membrane proteins. Among them we have explored the effect(s) of vanadate and other multi-valent ions on ATPase crystal formation by starting from published procedures [e.g. 1,2]. Here we present some preliminary results concerned with the packing and molecular organization of vanadate-induced crystalline arrays of a Ca ++ transport ATPase in tubular rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The Ca ++ activated ATPase from rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum was purified as published. Induction of ordered tubular arrays of the protein with vanadate was basically achieved as described, except that the protein was slowly dialysed against a vanadate-containing buffer rather than directly adding the vanadate to the protein. Optimal yields of crystalline arrays were obtained after two days of dialysis at 4°C.
Attention and the minimal subscene (2006)

The Mirror System Hypothesis (MSH), described in Chapter 1, asserts that recognition of manual actions may ground the evolution of the language-ready brain. More specifically, the hypothesis suggests that manual praxic actions provide the basis for the successive evolution of pantomime, then protosign and protospeech, and finally the articulatory actions (of hands, face and – most importantly for speech – voice) that define the phonology of language. But whereas a praxic action just is a praxic action, a communicative action (which is usually a compound of meaningless articulatory actions; see Goldstein, Byrd, and Saltzman, this volume, on duality of patterning) is about something else. We want to give an account of that relationship between the sign and the signified (Arbib, this volume, Section 1.4.3).
Reaktionen acylierter Aldehydaminale mit ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen, II. Reaktionen von <i>N</i>‐acylierten Salicylaldehydaminalen. Eine neue Synthese für 4‐substituierte Chromanderivate (1964)

Abstract Kondensationsprodukte aus Salicylaldehyden und Carbamidsäure‐äthylester reagieren mit Olefinen zum Teil unter Mitreaktion der phenolischen Hydroxyl‐gruppe zu Chromanen. So entstehen mit Styrol 2‐phenyl‐, mit konjugierten Dienen 2‐Vinyl‐4‐carbäthoxyamino‐chromane. Salicylaldehydacetale geben entsprechend 4‐Alkoxy‐chromane.
Contactless and selective energy transfer to a bistable micro-actuator using laser heated shape memory alloy (2012)

Contactless energy transfer (CET) methods offer great flexibility in the design of complex micro-systems. This paper reports a laser based contactless and selective energy transfer method. A compliant bistable micro-actuator (curved beam of size 25 mm × 1.5 mm × 0.508 mm) is actuated between its two stable positions using the laser heated shape memory alloy (SMA) active elements (size: 3 mm × 1 mm × 0.1 mm). The switching time of the actuator turns out to be 0.5 s for d0 equal to 700 μm and a laser power of 90 mW (d0 is half of the total stroke length). The paper also demonstrates the selective energy transfer technique to the SMA active elements by depositing silver based optical filters directly onto the SMA active elements. A successful demonstration is presented for four wavelengths, 532, 660, 785, and 980 nm, using different values of d0 for the bistable micro-actuator. Finally, a long-term test is performed to highlight the thermo-mechanical effect on the selective addressing capability of the optical filters.
Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera subsp. nov., Associated with Odorous Soft Rot of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) (1992)

Eleven strains of Erwinia carotovora that were isolated mainly, but not exclusively, from slimy rot of witloof chicory and were previously designated “atypical” E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica strains were characterized and compared with strains of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and Erwinia chrysanthemi (including the type strains). The 11 atypical E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica strains produced a typical bananalike odor when they were inoculated onto witloof chicory leaves. DNA-DNA homology experiments, biochemical tests, tests to determine carbon utilization patterns, and tests to identify the volatile metabolites produced from rotting witloofs were performed. The volatile end products of witloof decay were analyzed by gas chromatography. Alcohols, methylketones, and ethylacetate were produced by all of the Erwinia strains which we studied, whereas propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and 2-actamyl acetate were produced only by the flavoring witloof soft-rot strains. A DNA relatedness study was performed by hybridizing DNAs with a tritium-labeled DNA and estimating the δTm values (δTm is the difference between the thermal denaturation midpoint of a homoduplex and the thermal denaturation midpoint of a heteroduplex). The 11 flavoring strains constituted a tight DNA hybridization group (79 to 91% related to type strain CFBP 1878 isolated from witloof). Strains of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora were 59 to 88% related to strain CFBP 1878T (T = type strain) (δTm range, 3 to 4.5°C), indicating that they belonged to the same species but another subspecies. E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica and E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum appeared to be less closely related to strain CFBP 1878T than E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was, exhibiting 53% homology (δTm, 7°C) and 48 to 51% homology (δTm, 8.5°C), respectively, with strain CFBP 1878T. Therefore, we propose that the 11 flavoring strains are members of a new subspecies, Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera. We examined 95 biochemical characteristics, API strip tests, and assimilation tests in Biotype galleries and identified nine tests which can be used for phenotypic differentiation of the new subspecies.