gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LinBFT: Linear-Communication Byzantine Fault Tolerance for Public Blockchains (2018)

This paper presents LinBFT, a novel Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocol for blockchain systems that achieves amortized O(n) communication volume per block under reasonable conditions (where n is the number of participants), while satisfying determinist guarantees on safety and liveness. This significantly improves previous results, which either incurs quadratic communication complexity, or only satisfies safety in a probabilistic sense. LinBFT is based on the popular PBFT protocol, and cuts down its $O(n^4)$ complexity with three tricks, each by $O(n)$: linear view change, threshold signatures, and verifiable random functions. All three are known, i.e., the solutions are right in front of our eyes, and yet LinBFT is the first $O(n)$ solution with deterministic security guarantees. Further, LinBFT also addresses issues that are specific to permission-less, public blockchain systems, such as anonymous participants without a public-key infrastructure, proof-of-stake with slashing, rotating leader, and a dynamic participant set. In addition, LinBFT contains no proof-of-work module, reaches consensus for every block, and tolerates changing honesty of the participants for different blocks.
Candida infections today--how big is the problem? (2003)

Thirty years ago, superficial fungal infections were common, but systemic fungal infections were not as frequent as today. Since that time incidence in both superficial and systemic fungal infection has been increasing. The reasons are many. Due to advances in medicine, human life span is extended and many people suffer from various immunodeficiencies. Transplantation of organs and tissues, wide application of parenteral feeding and parenteral administration of drugs, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and long-term peroral administration of antibiotics are the main reasons for appearance of many immunologic dysfunctions and thereby systemic fungal infections. The most usual predisposing factors for systemic fungal infection are skin and mucosal damage, hypofunction of T-cell-mediated immunity, decreased function of neutrophiles, long-term administration of corticosteroids, as well as dysfunction of microbial flora. Systemic fungal infections are a great problem, because they are very difficult to prove and to treat. This is why prevention of systemic infections is extremely important today, including the removal of predisposing factors as well as rational drug administration.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Meets Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. (2020)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is classified as a primary immunodeficiency, which is characterized by impaired T-lymphocytes differentiation. <i>IL2RG, IL7Ralpha, JAK3, ADA, RAG1/RAG2,</i> and <i>DCLE1C</i> (Artemis) are the most defective genes in SCID. The most recent SCID therapies are based on gene therapy (GT) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which are faced with many challenges. The new studies in the field of stem cells have made great progress in overcoming the challenges ahead. In 2006, Yamanaka et al. achieved "reprogramming" technology by introducing four transcription factors known as Yamanaka factors, which generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from somatic cells. It is possible to apply iPSC-derived HSC for transplantation in patients with abnormality or loss of function in specific cells or damaged tissue, such as T-cells and NK-cells in the context of SCID. The iPSC-based HSC transplantation in SCID and other hereditary disorders needs gene correction before transplantation. Furthermore, iPSC technology has been introduced as a promising tool in cellular-molecular disease modeling and drug discovery. In this article, we review iPSC-based GT and modeling for SCID disease and novel approaches of iPSC application in SCID.
On MIMO Cognitive Radios with Antenna Selection (2010)

With the ever increasing interest in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) systems, reducing the costs associated with RF-chains at the radio front end becomes a very important factor. In this paper, we propose two solutions to the problem of joint transmit-receive antenna selection with the objective of maximizing data rates and satisfying interference constraints at the primary user (PU) receiver. In the first method we approximate the original non-convex optimization problem with an iterative way of solving a series of smaller convex problems. Then we present a novel, norm-based transmit receive antenna selection technique that simultaneously improves throughput while maintaining the PU interference constraints. We show that this simple approach yields near optimal results with massive complexity reductions. In addition to making a performance comparison between the proposed approaches and the optimal exhaustive search approach, we establish that antenna selection is a promising option for future MIMO CR devices.
Analytic models for crosstalk delay and pulse analysis under non-ideal inputs (2002)

In this paper we develop a general methodology to analyze crosstalk to obtain insight into effects that are likely to cause errors in deep submicron high speed circuits. We focus on crosstalk due to capacitive coupling between a pair of lines. We first consider the case where crosstalk noise manifests as a pulse and characterize the maximum amplitude, width, energy and timing of this pulse. Closed form equations quantifying the dependence of these pulse attributes on the values of circuit parameters and the rise time of the input transition are derived. We also consider how crosstalk causes slowdown (speedup), i.e. increases (decreases) the rise/fall times of signals on coupled lines, when their inputs have transitions in the opposite (same) directions. Expressions relating the slowdown (speedup) to circuit parameters, the rise/fall times of the input transitions, and the skew between the transitions are derived. We show that crosstalk effects can be significantly aggravated by variations in the fabrication process. New design corners are identified for validation of designs that have significant crosstalk effects. Finally, the results of our analysis provide conditions that must be satisfied by a sequence of vectors used for validation of designs as well as post-manufacturing testing of devices in the presence of significant crosstalk.
Electrochemical Characterization of Poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene): A Functionalized Polymer (1992)

Electrochemically prepared poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene) has been characterized in terms of its electrochemical, chemical, and electrical properties. The polymer is electroactive in aqueous solutions, has a reasonable conductivity of 2 to 3 S/cm in its doped form, and has free‐amine groups as examined by infrared spectra as well as its ability to form a complex with Ag+ in solution. The stripping current of reduced Ag+ complexed onto the polymer is diffusion controlled, indicating that a major fraction of the complexed Ag+ is inside the polymer matrix. When the Ag+‐complexed polymer is electrochemically reduced, it increases in conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude compared with that of the fully doped uncomplexed polymer by oxidation. This is a unique technique of doping a conducting polymer containing functional groups such as amines.
Thermal management of portable micro fuel cell stacks (2003)

A prototype of a CamCorder with a PEM (polymer electrolyte membranes) fuel cell system consisting of a stack of fifteen bipolar plates was developed to deliver a maximum output power of 9 W. This system replaces the Li-ion battery pack normally used as an energy source for the camera. A thermal model for the fuel cell stack was developed and validated by thermal measurements. The model was used to study different cooling methods and the integration of fuel cells into portable electronic products. A new method of stack cooling was developed in which most of the heat is transferred by means of thermal conduction via the bipolar plates and then distributed to external cooling devices. In this way, system miniaturization was achieved and weight and costs were kept to a minimum by reducing the number of ancillary components.
High frequency characterization and modeling of high density TSV in 3D integrated circuits (2009)

High frequency characterization and modeling of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) for new 3D chip staking are presented in this paper. Works focus on high density TSVs, up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , with pitch below 10 mum and aggressive wafer thinning to maintain TSV aspect ratio in a range between 5 and 10. Equivalent electrical RLCG models of TSVs with height of 15 mum and diameter of 3 mum are extracted up to 20 GHz. It is shown that values extracted for components are directly related to design and material characteristics used to process 3D TSVs.
Effectively implement AES for EFI/Tiano based on IA-32 Platform (2006)

The advanced encryption standard (AES) is one of the most important algorithms in modern cryptography. Although fully defined in terms of functionality, AES requires best exploitation to achieve optimum performance on specific architectures. Generally even highly optimized SW solutions are magnitude slower than dedicated HW solutions. Our work concentrates on extensible firmware interface (EFI) is being used as the next generation firmware technology contains much more benefits than legacy BIOS. To combine the unusually high speed with platform universality, we present a new usage model of AES for EFI/Tiano framework based on IA-32
Ultrafast measurement of two-photon absorption by loss modulation (2002)

We demonstrate a direct and sensitive technique for measuring two-photon absorption (TPA). An intensity-modulated femtosecond laser beam passes through a sample exhibiting TPA. A TPA signal at twice the modulation frequency is then generated and subsequently measured by a lock-in amplifier. The absolute TPA cross section of Rhodamine 6G at 800nm is found to be (15.3+/-2.0)x10(-50) cm(4) s/photon and agrees well with previously published results obtained with much higher intensity [J.Chem.Phys.112, 9201 (2000)]. Our method may be especially useful in measuring nonlinear absorptions of nonfluorescent materials.
VLSI based tools for monitoring bus communication channels (2003)

An architecture for the run-time monitoring of the performance of a computer system is presented. In order to reduce the complexity of the system, a special integrated circuit has been designed, and the prototype integrated circuits are to be used in a first experimental realization of the system. The first prototype has been implemented in 3- mu m CMOS technology, contains 16 associative words, has a complexity of 11000 transistors, and has read/write and match times of 110 ns and 90 ns, respectively, due to a rather poor design of I/O pads. A second version in a 2- mu m technology is currently under fabrication and is expected to reduce these times by one half.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low melting PbO-ZnO-P2O5 glasses (1996)

A series of lead zinc phosphate glasses containing 30-80 mol% P 2 O 5 , 0-60%PbO and 0-60%ZnO have been prepared and characterised. The composition dependence of density, melting temperature(T m ), vitrification range, thermal behaviours (thermal expansion coefficient, glass transformation temperature, Tg and softening temperature), chemical durability refraction index and Raman spectra is described. These glasses can be prepared at relatively low temperatures (600-900°C). Glasses with 40% or more P 2 O 5 have lower Tg (<340° C) and sensitive to water. Glasses with 40% P 2 O 5 or lower exhibit Tg of 340-400°C and good chemical durability with a dissolution rate (R w . ) in 50°C deionised water at the order of 10 -8 -10 -9 g/cm 2 min. For example, a 50PbO.1OZnO.40P 2 O 5 glass has Tg, T m and R w ., of 338, 591 and 3.7x10 -9 g/cm 2 min, respectively. Details are also given of structure of these glasses with Raman spectra.
Predicting Product Performance with Social Media (2011)

Last 20 years brought massive growth in IT&amp;C world. Mobile solutions such as netbooks, laptops, mobile phones, tablets enable the wireless connection to the Internet. Anyone can access it anytime and anywhere. In this context, a part of the activities from the real world have a correspondence in the online discussions. Social media in general and social networks in particular have turned into marketing tools for organizations and a place where people can express their opinions and attitudes about products.The paper shows how social media can be used for predicting the success of a product or service. To showcase this, two case studies are presented; a test to prove that the conversations that take place in social media are a good indicator of success and the second is an exercise to predict the winner of the Oscar for best picture in 2011.
Training as a performance appraisal improvement strategy (1998)

This paper reviews research findings from 149 managers who work in 22 different US manufacturing and service organizations concerning the top ten rater skills identified as necessary to effectively conduct formal performance appraisals, and why organizations fail to conduct effective rater training with their managers. Four basic integrated stages in the performance appraisal process are identified. The key management skills required in each stage are discussed in terms of how they help organizations improve the operation and quality of their appraisals systems.
Technical analysis of the employment creation potential of a National Public Works Programme : technical paper (1995)

The level of unemployment in South Africa is high, and there are huge backlogs of housing and related infrastructure. Furthermore, there is a shortage of individual, community and institutional capacity to build and maintain infrastructure in underdeveloped areas. Seeking to contribute to the alleviation of these problems, the National Economic Forum carried out a pre-investment study for a national public works programme (NPWP). This paper describes the work and conclusions of the Technical Focus Group of the pre-investment study. A conceptual framework for an NPWP is described. The sectors that could fall under an NPWP are identified and the potential for increasing labour intensity in each of the sectors is estimated. A technical model of an NPWP is developed, through which recommendations are made regarding the rate of expansion of an NPWP in the different sectors.
Suid-Afrika het 'n hoe werkloosheidsvlak en daar is 'n groot tekort aan behuising en gepaardgaande dienste. Daar is ook 'n tekort aan individuele, gemeenskaps- en inrigtingskapasiteit vir die bou en instandhouding van dienste in onderontwikkelde gebiede. Die Nasionale Ekonomiese Forum het onlangs 'n voorbeleggingstudie uitgevoer vir 'n nasionale openbare werke-program (NOWP). Hierdie verhandeling beskryf die bedrywighede en gevolgtrekkings van die Tegniese Instellingsgroep wat die voorbeleggingstudie uitgevoer het. Die voorgestelde raamwerk vir 'n NOWP word beskryf. Die sektore wat moontlik onder die NOWP ingesluit kan word, word geidentifiseer. Die potensiaal vir werkskepping in elke sektor word geskat. 'n Tegniese model van die NOWP word ontwikkel en aanbevelings word oor die groeitempo van die NOWP in die verskillende bedrywe gemaak.
Distance-based Camera Network Topology Inference for Person Re-identification (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel distance-based camera network topology inference method for efficient person re-identification. To this end, we first calibrate each camera and estimate relative scales between cameras. Using the calibration results of multiple cameras, we calculate the speed of each person and infer the distance between cameras to generate distance-based camera network topology. The proposed distance-based topology can be applied adaptively to each person according to its speed and handle diverse transition time of people between non-overlapping cameras. To validate the proposed method, we tested the proposed method using an open person re-identification dataset and compared to state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for person re-identification in the large-scale camera network with various people transition time.
Optimized mesh and texture multiplexing for progressive textured model transmission (2004)

An optimized scheme of multiplexing coded mesh and texture data to facilitate progressive transmission of 3D textured models is proposed in this work. The mesh and texture data of a 3D textured model are fed into their respective compression modules and represented by a series of levels of details. Then, for a given viewpoint, a rate-distortion surface can be generated based on the multiplexing of mesh and texture data in different details. The distortion is calculated by measuring the visual quality of rendered images. Furthermore, an optimal path over the rate-distortion surface is determined by the steepest descent algorithm. When the mesh and texture data streams are transmitted in a certain ratio along the optimal path, it is guaranteed that the rendered images have the best visual quality perceived from the given viewpoint. To deal with an arbitrary viewpoint, we propose a hierarchical sampling algorithm so that the optimal path can be interpolated from finite sampling points. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide the best visual quality of a 3D textured model for any observation point at any bit rate.
3-D pose from 3 points using weak-perspective (1994)

This correspondence discusses computing the pose of a model from three matching point pairs under weak-perspective projection. A new approach to the problem that is motivated geometrically is described. Like previous methods, the method here involves solving a biquadratic equation, but here the biquadratic's solutions, comprised of an actual and a false solution, are interpreted graphically. The final equations take a new form, which leads to a simple expression for the image position of any unmatched model point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transplacental Effects of Endotoxemia on Fetal Mouse Brain, Bone, and Placental Tissue (1986)

Pregnant mice were given 0.005 mg endotoxin on day 10 of gestation or 0.0025 mg endotoxin on days 10 and 12. Pregnant mice treated with normal saline served as controls. On day 18 of pregnancy, fetuses and placentas were removed for microscopic and histological examination. The treated placentas had fibrin thrombi and hemorrhages in the labyrinth and spongiosa. Glycogen cells in the spongiosa were swollen. The long bones of experimental animals had few metaphyseal trabeculae, which also were disorganized, with an increase in the number of metaphyseal and diaphyseal osteoclasts. An increase in the number of necrotic neurons was observed in coronal sections of brains of experimental fetuses at the level of the trigeminal ganglion. To correlate the degree of neuronal necrosis with long-term behavioral effects, a behavioral test was performed on pups whose mothers were treated with endotoxin. The pups were tested at the age of 28 days and for the next 3 days for their audiogenic seizure response. The pups of the experimental groups were more sensitive to high sounds than the controls. Escherichia coli endotoxins seemed to have a significant teratogenic effect on mice, being more severe when endotoxin was given in divided doses to the pregnant animals. The widespread endothelial damage or the elevation of prostaglandin levels caused by endotoxins may have been responsible for these teratogenic effects.
A Tutorial on Spectral Clustering (2007)

In recent years, spectral clustering has become one of the most popular modern clustering algorithms. It is simple to implement, can be solved efficiently by standard linear algebra software, and very often outperforms traditional clustering algorithms such as the k-means algorithm. On the first glance spectral clustering appears slightly mysterious, and it is not obvious to see why it works at all and what it really does. The goal of this tutorial is to give some intuition on those questions. We describe different graph Laplacians and their basic properties, present the most common spectral clustering algorithms, and derive those algorithms from scratch by several different approaches. Advantages and disadvantages of the different spectral clustering algorithms are discussed.
From the Editor (2006)

I am delighted to be able to note yet another fascinating group of diverse papers in this issue of the Journal. Not only do we have the usual analytical articles on various aspects of mostly Mexican themes, but readers will note the reminiscences and historiographic content in the article by Daniel Gade. Very few geographers (unlike other social scientists) have written —and more importantly published— accounts of what happened to them during their field and/or archival work. We welcome others to share with us their experiences, to show —especially for the benefit of new entrants into the field— that things happen in the field that are often not connected directly to the work at hand, but may be, in the short or long run, more important. Fun, fear, pleasure, profit, politics, privacy, mystery and ?…the list of potential experiences is long! We are again indebted to many colleagues who have taken the time to review manuscripts submitted to the Journal and, as I have said via a message to CLAGnet, I would be delighted to hear from anyone who is interested in reviewing manuscripts. If you are interested, please send a message to jlag@maxwell.syr.edu, identifying your topical, regional, and language expertise in key words. [End Page iii] * * * Del Editor En la presente edición de la revista, tengo mucho placer de resaltar la participación de otro fascinante grupo de estudios diversos. Además, de los usuales artículos analíticos sobre asuntos varios — en este caso, la mayoría sobre temas mexicanos— contamos, además, con aportes de reminiscencias y contenido historiográfico, como los lectores pueden notar en el artículo de Daniel Gade. Pocos han sido los geógrafos (a diferencias de otros científicos sociales) que han escrito —y más importante, publicado— cuentas de lo que les ha sucedido a ellos durante sus trabajos de campo y/o archivo. Siempre damos la bienvenida a quienes desean compartir con nosotros sus experiencias, para mostrar —sobre todo para los que recién entran en el campo de la geografía latinoamericana—que cosas ocurren en el campo que no están conectadas directamente con la investigación principal y que, a corto o largo plazo, pudieran ser más importantes que el motivo de la investigación. La diversión, el temor, el placer, la ganancia, la política, la privacidad, el misterio y ¿?….la lista de experiencias potenciales es bien larga! Otra vez más estamos endeudados con los muchos colegas quienes han dedicado tiempo para evaluar los manuscritos presentados a la revista y, como he dicho recién a través de la listserv CLAGnet, sería muy feliz poder escuchar de personas interesadas en evaluar tales manuscritos. Si está Usted interesado en colaborar con esta tarea, por favor envía un mensaje a jlag@maxwell.syr.edu, especificando a través de palabras clave sus especialidades temáticas y regionales y cuales de los cuatro idiomas de la revista son de su domino para leer.