gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Afterword: Developments in autumn 2018 (2019)

I sent this manuscript to Oxford University Press on 29 August 2018. The book emerged in April 2019. Much happened in the interim. I submitted this update on 4 January 2019, summarizing matters of consequence in autumn 2018, as well as important things I learned in that period. A recent Microsoft blog suggests that I was too positive in my portrayal of a shrinking digital divide. In the USA, 35 per cent of the population report they do not use broadband communications at home. Wikipedia continued to grow, fuelled in part by its foundation’s effort to engage underrepresented ‘emerging communities’. Battles in the USA over net neutrality intensified after the federal decision to abandon the policy. The state of California passed a tough net neutrality; the New York state attorney initiated an enquiry asking whether the federal decision had been swayed by millions of fraudulent comments. There were more innovations in sensory substitution to enable digital inclusion. At Caltech, researchers developed a system that allows blind people to receive an audio description of what is in their gaze: the objects appear to describe themselves in words. Women continued their struggle for equality and against gender discrimination in high-tech firms. Despite the importance of digital technologies for seniors to help combat loneliness, and to access banking and other online services, many are still digitally disengaged. Research shows that seniors perceive risk in being online, are reluctant to invest the time needed to gain and maintain digital proficiency, and are sometimes concerned that internet use would be inconsistent with their values, for example, the desire to support local stores. I was also too positive in my analysis of the impacts of sharing and stealing digital media and the power of digital media firms such as Google, Netflix, Facebook, and Amazon (see also the discussions of corporate concentration in Sections 12.9 and 14.12). Professor Jonathan Taplin has summarized how devastating these impacts have been, not just to digital media companies such as music and newspaper publishers, but to media creators such as composers and reporters. Consumer spending on recorded music dropped from almost US$20 billion in 1999 to US$7.5 billion in 2014.
Bluetooth Scatternet Formation and Scheduling: An Integrated Solution (2006)

Building and deploying multi-hop networks of Bluetooth devices (aka scatternets) concerns devising methods for forming piconets, connecting them through shared gateways, and scheduling the presence of these gateways among the piconets they interconnect (inter-piconet scheduling). There are several types of gateways, and their efficient scheduling is affected by the gateway type. Scatternet formation and scheduling have been dealt with separately in the past. This leads to network performance degradation because of the missed opportunity of designing scatternet formation protocols that best address scheduling requirements and vice-versa. In this paper we propose SS-Blue, an integrated mechanism for the joint design of scatternet formation and scheduling. Specifically, we enhance an efficient scatternet formation protocol by adopting methods for piconets interconnection that favor types of gateways which will result in a better performing inter-piconet scheduling. At the same time, a fair and traffic adaptive mechanism is proposed to schedule all types of gateways (inter-piconet scheduling), and for managing intra-piconet scheduling, i.e., for scheduling traffic transmission within a piconet. Our solution is evaluated through extensive simulations. Our results show that SS-Blue succeeds in producing scatternets whose gateways are efficiently scheduled. The combination of the proposed intra- and inter-piconet scheduling is shown to be remarkably effective in favoring packet forwarding with very low end-to-end latency
Chromhome: A rich internet application for accessing comparative chromosome homology maps (2008)

Chromhome provides a useful resource for comparative genomics, holding graphical homology maps of a wide range of species. It brings together cytogenetic data of many genomes under one roof. Inferred painting can often determine the chromosomal homologous regions between two species, if each has been compared with a common third species. Inferred painting greatly reduces the need to map entire genomes and helps focus only on relevant regions of the chromosomes of the species under study. Future releases of Chromhome will accommodate more species and their respective gene and BAC maps, in addition to chromosome painting data. Chromhome application provides a single-page interface (SPI) with desktop style layout, delivering a better and richer user experience.
Bond length‐Raman frequency correlations in borate crystals (1991)

Abstract Correlations are established between the structural data provided by x‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy on borate crystals. A linear relationship is found to be adequate to describe the bond length‐stretching frequency correlations in nine meta‐, pyro‐ and ortho‐borate crystals consisting solely of triangular borate arrangements. This result allows bond length and strength predictions for newly synthesized compounds to be made, as well as assisting in the elucidation of the influence of borate tetrahedra on the πp bonding of BO − ‘probes’ in borate crystals. A wide field of applications in the structural study of borate glasses is introduced.
Heterogeneity in DCE-MRI parametric maps: a biomarker for treatment response? (2011)

This study aims to quantify the heterogeneity of tumour enhancement in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) using texture analysis methods. The suitability of the coherence and the fractal dimension to monitor tumour response was evaluated in 18 patients with limb sarcomas imaged by DCE-MRI pre- and post-treatment. According to the histopathology, tumours were classified into responders and non-responders. Pharmacokinetic (K(trans)) and heuristic model-based parametric maps (slope, max enhancement, AUC) were computed from the DCE-MRI data. A substantial correlation was found between the pharmacokinetic and heuristic model-based parametric maps: ρ = 0.56 for the slope, ρ = 0.44 for maximum enhancement, and ρ = 0.61 for AUC. From all four parametric maps, the enhancing fraction, and the heterogeneity features (i.e. coherence and fractal dimension) were determined. In terms of monitoring tumour response, using both pre- and post-treatment DCE-MRI, the enhancing fraction and the coherence showed significant differences between the response group and the non-response group (i.e. the highest sensitivity (91%) for K(trans), and the highest specificity (83%) for max enhancement). In terms of treatment prediction, using solely the pre-treatment DCE-MRI, the enhancing fraction and coherence discriminated between responders and non-responders. For prediction, the highest sensitivity (91%) was shared by K(trans), slope and max enhancement, and the highest specificity (71%) was achieved by K(trans). On average, tumours that responded showed a high enhancing fraction and high coherence on the pre-treatment scan. These results suggest that specific heterogeneity features, computed from both pharmacokinetic and heuristic model-based parametric maps, show potential as a biomarker for monitoring tumour response.
Intraindividual Comparison of Contrast Media Concentrations for Combined Abdominal and Thoracic MDCT (2008)

Given equivalent iodine load and delivery rate, the use of 300 mg I/mL contrast medium results in better contrast enhancement than use of 370 mg I/mL contrast medium in CT of the chest. For the portal venous phase of CT of the abdomen, there was no significant difference in contrast enhancement for the two concentrations of iodine.
Protocol windows (2003)

The authors describe algebraic transformations of protocols for computing useful windows. They show how these windows can be usefully applied to accomplish probabilistic verification, optimum tuning, and performance analysis protocols. A connection-establishment protocol is considered as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ERYTHROPOIETIN. (1972)

gel electrophoresis, but differing slightly in mobility at pH 9, were obtained at the last step of fractionation. The nature of the difference between these two components is not yet understood.
Voltage balancing circuit for energy harvesting from a stack of serially-connected Microbial Fuel Cells (2013)

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) harness the metabolism of micro-organisms to generate electrical energy from organic matter. MFCs offer great promise for simultaneous wastewater treatment and green energy production. The association of a large number of individual MFCs offers very interesting perspectives for electrical energy generation. It can scale-up the low output voltage of an individual cell to enable output voltages to levels acceptable by commercially-available DC/DC converters and it permits to mutualize the electrical powers of each cell. The serial association of a large number of MFCs is a challenge itself for many reasons. Firstly the hydraulic couplings (when MFCs share the same substrate) witch cause leakage of electrical-charge careers between the connected reactors. Secondly the non-uniformities between generators which lead to a non-optimal energy recovery because the associated cells do not able to operate at Maximum Power Point (MPP). Non-uniformities can be compensated with electronic circuits to prevent voltage reversal or enable voltage equalizing. In this paper a balancing method is studied and adapted for energy harvesting from a stack of serially connected MFCs. The balancing circuit was simulated, realized and tested for energy harvesting. With balancing method the cell voltage of MFCs in a stack can be equalized and the performance of MFCs can be improved and it leads to an optimal energy recovery of the stack.
The 70-kDa Peroxisomal Membrane Protein (1992)

SummaryThe 70 kDa peroxisomal membrane polypeptide is one of the major integral polyeptides and its content varies in accord with proliferation of peroxisomes. The structural analysis of the cDNA for this polypeptide and its topological study indicate that this membrane polypeptide anchors to the membrane via six transmembrane segments on amino-terminus, and the carboxy-terminal region having ATP-binding domain exposes to the cytosol. The possible role of this protein is discussed.
Optimal Cycle Codes Constructed From Ramanujan Graphs (1997)

We aim here to show how some known Ramanujan Cayley graphs yield error-correcting codes that are asymptotically optimal in the class of cycle codes of graphs. The main reason why known constructions of Ramanujan graphs yield good cycle codes is that the number of their cycles of a given length behaves essentially like that of random regular graphs. More precisely, we show that for actual constructions of Ramanujan graphs of degree $\Delta$ which are bipartite, and for the double cover of known Ramanujan graphs which are not bipartite,the number of cycles of length 2l is $\BigOe(\Delta-1+\varepsilon)^{2l}$ (for every $\varepsilon > 0$), which is about what one could expect from a random regular graph of degree $\Delta$. Furthermore, it is possible to show that this property guarantees the highest possible error probability p that the corresponding cycle codes can sustain, among the class of cycle codes of $\Delta$-regular graphs. This gives a constructive answer to an early problem in coding theory, namely, determining what is asymptotically the best possible performance of cycle codes of graphs when submitted to the binary symmetric channel.
New Metathesis Methodololgy Leading to Angularly-Fused Polycyclic Quinones and Related Compounds (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Metathesis Methodololgy Leading to Angularly-Fused Polycyclic Quinones and Related CompoundsMatthew J. Heileman, Ralf Tiedemann, and Harold W. MooreView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, California 92697-2025 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 15, 3801–3802Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1998Publication History Received5 January 1998Published online2 April 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980039shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980039srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Photodissociation,Quinones Get e-Alerts
D11.2 MULTI-CHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR DAT COMMUNICATIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF CROSSTALK P (1988)

We consider transmission of data over multiple coupled channels, such as bundles of twisted-pair cables in the local subscriber loop, and between central offices in the public switched telephone network. Transceiver designs for such channels typically treat the crosstalk between adjacent cables as random noise uncorrelated with the transmitted signal. We propose a transmitter/receiver pair that compensates for crosstalk by treating an entire bundle of cables as a single multi-input/multi-output channel with a (slowly varying) matriz transfer function. One attribute of the proposed transceiver is the use of a multi-channel adaptive FIR filter to cancel near-end crosstalk. Results of numerical simulations, including plots of mean squared error vs. time and eye diagrams, are presented assuming a standard transmission line model for the channel. These results indicate that data rates over coupled channels can be significantly increased by exploiting the multi-dimensional character of the channel.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Construction of Indole Nucleus. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetically encoded RNA photoswitches as tools for the control of gene expression (2012)

An important goal in chemical and synthetic biology is controlling the expression of defined sets of genes by external stimuli, and one of the most attractive stimuli is light. Current approaches to the photocontrol of biological processes utilize photoresponsive proteins. In this article, I will illustrate the prospects of synthetic systems in which the receptor is a photoresponsive nucleic acid, and will review the different tools already in place to develop photoresponsive systems based on RNA. A particular focus is on genetically encoded photoswitches that can be expressed in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, and respond to photoisomerizable, cell-permeable small molecules.
Effects of empagliflozin and target-organ damage in a novel rodent model of heart failure induced by combined hypertension and diabetes (2020)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are two major risk factors leading to heart failure and cardiovascular damage. Lowering blood sugar by the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin provides cardiac protection. We established a new rat model that develops both inducible diabetes and genetic hypertension and investigated the effect of empagliflozin treatment to test the hypothesis if empagliflozin will be protective in a heart failure model which is not based on a primary vascular event. The transgenic Tet29 rat model for inducible diabetes was crossed with the mRen27 hypertensive rat to create a novel model for heart failure with two stressors. The diabetic, hypertensive heart failure rat (mRen27/tetO-shIR) were treated with empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Cardiovascular alterations were monitored by advanced speckle tracking echocardiography, gene expression analysis and immunohistological staining. The novel model with increased blood pressure und higher blood sugar levels had a reduced survival compared to controls. The rats develop heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Empagliflozin lowered blood sugar levels compared to vehicle treated animals (182.3 ± 10.4 mg/dl vs. 359.4 ± 35.8 mg/dl) but not blood pressure (135.7 ± 10.3 mmHg vs. 128.2 ± 3.8 mmHg). The cardiac function was improved in all three global strains (global longitudinal strain - 8.5 ± 0.5% vs. - 5.5 ± 0.6%, global radial strain 20.4 ± 2.7% vs. 8.8 ± 1.1%, global circumferential strain - 11.0 ± 0.7% vs. - 7.6 ± 0.8%) and by increased ejection fraction (42.8 ± 4.0% vs. 28.2 ± 3.0%). In addition, infiltration of macrophages was decreased by treatment (22.4 ± 1.7 vs. 32.3 ± 2.3 per field of view), despite mortality was not improved. Empagliflozin showed beneficial effects on cardiovascular dysfunction. In this novel rat model of combined hypertension and diabetes, the improvement in systolic and diastolic function was not secondary to a reduction in left ventricular mass or through modulation of the afterload, since blood pressure was not changed. The mRen27/tetO-shIR strain should provide utility in separating blood sugar from blood pressure-related treatment effects.
Local adaptive transform based image denoising with varying window size (2002)

Local adaptive image denoising in transform domain is a powerful tool for adapting to unknown smoothness of the images. We propose to perform local adaptive denoising with adaptively varying local transform support size rather than using a transform with fixed size. We use a special rule (intersection of confidence intervals-ICI) to select the optimum window sizes locally. The algorithm provides significant improvements in the de-noising performance.
Soliton mode locking with slow saturable absorbers for ultrashort-pulse generation (1995)

Recently, we have shown that in the presence of solitonlike pulse shaping, a slow saturable absorber alone with a recovery time much longer than the soliton width can stabilize the pulse.1 This is in contrast to the traditional concepts of ultra short-pulse generation, which rely either on a fast saturable absorber, as is the case for APM or KLM systems, or on the interplay between a slow saturable absorber and gain saturation, as is the case for dye lasers. This is possible in the soliton regime because for the soliton the nonlinear effects due to SPM and the linear effects due to the negative group-velocity dispersion are in balance. In contrast, the noise or instabilities that would like to grow are not intense enough to experience the nonlinearity and are therefore spread in time. However, when they are spread in time, they experience higher absorption due to the slowly recovering absorber after passage of the solitonlike pulse. Thus the instability modes see less gain per round trip than does the soliton, and they will decay with time. Our experiments supporting this theory include Nd:glass lasers with sub-100-fs pulses2 and a diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser producing 40-50-fs pulses.3 The pulses are always transform limited because of their solitonlike nature.
Tailoring Size Effects on the Exchange Bias in Ferromagnetic-Antiferromagnetic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>nm</mml:mi></mml:math>Nanostructures (2005)

The hysteresis loop shift in sub-100 nm ferromagnetic- (FM-)antiferromagnetic (AFM) nanostructures can be either enhanced or reduced with respect to continuous films with the same composition, with varying the AFM layer thickness. An enhancement of the coercivity and a reduction of the blocking temperature are also observed. These effects are mainly ascribed to the physical limitations that the dot sizes impose on the AFM domain size and the concomitant weakening of the pinning strength exerted by the AFM during magnetization reversal of the FM.
Self-assembled nanoholes, lateral quantum-dot molecules, and rolled-up nanotubes (2002)

We present a detailed investigation of novel strain-driven semiconductor nanostructures. Our examinations include self-assembled nanoholes, lateral quantum-dot (QD) molecules, and rolled-up nanotubes. We overgrow InAs QDs with GaAs and apply atomically precise in situ etching to fabricate homogeneous arrays of nanometer-sized holes with diameters of 40 to 60 nm and depths up to 6.2 nm. The structural properties of the nanoholes can be precisely tuned by changing the QD capping thickness and the in situ etching time. We show that strain fields surrounding the buried quantum dots drive the nanohole formation process. We overgrow the nanoholes with 0.2- to 2.5-ML InAs and observe the formation of compact lateral InAs QD molecules. The number of QDs involved in a lateral QD molecule can be tuned from two to six by changing the growth temperature. Our systematic photoluminescence study documents the QD molecule formation process step by step and helps to interpret our structural results. We also present the fabrication of laterally aligned lateral QD bimolecules by growing InGaAs on a GaAs [001] substrate patterned with a square array of nanometer sized holes. Charge carriers in such bimolecules might serve as quantum gates in a future semiconductor based quantum computer. Furthermore, we release strained semiconductor bilayers from their surface to fabricate individual rolled-up semiconductor micro- and nanotubes. We control the diameter of strain-driven In(Ga)As-GaAs tubes from the nanometer to micrometer range by simply changing the layer thicknesses and built-in strain. We propose to roll in metal strip lines to fabricate nanocoils and nanotransformers. To support our proposition, we fabricate homogeneous single and twin GaInP tubes. We present a straight GaInP microtube of more than 2 mm in length and a length-to-diameter ratio of about 2000, thus, elucidating the great potential of this technology.
Methyl isobutyl ketone extraction behavior of microamounts of impurities in iron (1967)

純鉄中の極微量不純物分析のため,多量の鉄と共存するμg量の諸元素のメチルイソブチルケトン抽出における挙動を,放射性同位元素を用いて調べた.その結果,7.5N塩酸酸性から100mgの鉄(III)と5μgの各元素を共存させて抽出したとき,80%以上抽出される元素は金(III),鉄(III),ガリウム(III),ゲルマニウム(IV),インジウム(III),モリブデン(VI),レニウム(VII),アンチモン(V),スズ(IV),テルル(IV)で,抽出率20%以下の元素はヒ素(V),バリウム(II),ビスマス(III),コバルト(II),クロム(III),銅(II),ハフニウム(IV),カリウム(I),ランタン(III),マンガン(II),ナトリウム(I),ニッケル(II),パラジウム(II),ネオジム(III),プラセオジム(III),スカンジウム(III),タンタル(III),亜鉛(II)であった.