gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal patterns of speech evoked activity in the auditory nerve (1984)

We examine the speech evoked responses of large populations of auditory-nerve fibers in the cat [M. Miller and M. Sachs, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 70, S9 (1981)]. Three-dimensional pictures of the spatio-temporal patterns of activity are constructed by spatially ordering the display of the fibers' PST response histograms according to the CF of each fiber. The distribution of the relative phases of synchronized activity emerges as an important feature in the response patterns. Specifically, each strong low-order harmonic component of the stimulus tends to synchronize the activity of a relatively broad segment of fibers in a pattern which mirrors the underlying traveling wave. The sphere of influence of each such harmonic can be roughly subdivided into two regions: (1) a region basal to the point of resonance where the fiber PST histograms accumulate only small delays (or phase shifts) relative to each other reflecting the fast speed of propagation of the traveling wave. (2) A region at or very near the point of resonance where the responses exhibit drastic relative phase shifts owing to the sudden slow down of the traveling wave and the consequent rapid acumulation of phase shifts. These rapid phase shifts thus appear to disrupt an otherwise spatially uniform response pattern at approximately the CFs corresponding to the low harmonic components (&lt; 1.5–2 kHz) and thus may play a helpful role in the processing and extraction of the speech signal parameters by the central auditory system.
Dynamics of micro-integrated external-cavity diode lasers: Simulations, analysis and experiments (2014)

This paper reports the results of numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamics of an external cavity diode laser device composed of a semiconductor laser and a distant Bragg grating, which provides an optical feedback. Due to the influence of the feedback, this system can operate at different dynamic regimes. The traveling wave model is used for simulations and analysis of the nonlinear dynamics in the considered laser device. Based on this model, a detailed analysis of the optical modes is performed, and the stability of the stationary states is discussed. It is shown, that the results obtained from the simulation and analysis of the device are in good agreement with experimental findings.
Translating recursion schemes into program schemes (1972)

Here and in a further paper [2] we study translations between schemes and related equivalence problems, i.e., problems of determining whether two schemes in a given class are equivalent. In particular, we are concerned with the question of developing methods for attacking these problems. It seems to us that some “general methods” ought to exist or, at least, a general form ought to be given to the existing “tricks”. In these papers we present four methods: applying the theory of formal languages, programming, measuring the complexity of a computation, and “cutting and pasting” (roughly speaking, the application of a method due to Rabin and Scott [8] to bound the search necessary to determine if two schemes will behave differently). Although a few of the results are true for some general notion of scheme, we have nearly always had in mind, for the sake of illustration, just three specific classes of schemes: program schemes, program schemes augmented with counters, and recursively defined schemes. The greater part of the study is restricted to monadic schemes (i.e., schemes containing only functions and predicates of a single argument), and in the case of recursively defined schemes, we are concerned almost exclusively with the single variable monadic recursion schemes introduced by de Bakker and Scott in [1].
Laser Surgery for Early Glottic Cancer (2009)

Laser removal of early glottic cancer is oncologically adequate with margins greater than 1 mm from the tumor edge. Positive margins require further treatment; close margins may require further treatment depending on tumor characteristics.
Development and Analysis of Three Diesel Particulate-Related Standard Reference Materials for the Determination of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Characteristics (2003)

Abstract The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently issued three Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) related to diesel particulate matter: SRM 1650a, Diesel Particulate Matter; SRM 2975, Diesel Particulate Matter (Industrial Forklift); and SRM 1975, Diesel Particulate Extract. These three materials have certified and reference concentrations for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including many alkyl-substituted compounds. SRM 1650a is the reissue of an existing material and SRMs 2975 and 1975 represent new materials. The characterization of the PAH content of these three diesel particulate-related SRMs is presented with a discussion of the approach for the certification of PAH concentrations. In addition, the physical and biological characterization of these materials is discussed. A review of customer reported uses of these SRMs in the chemical, physical, and biological sciences is also provided. Keywords: BioassayDiesel ParticlesParticle SizePolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsStandard Reference Materials (SRMs)
Prevalence and Incidence Rates of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment No Dementia in the Mexican Population (2011)

These data provide estimates of prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment in the Mexican population for projection of future burden.
[Management of patients with Type 2B von Willebrand's disease during delivery and puerperium]. (2002)

Von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is the most common congenital haemorrhagic diathesis inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with a prevalence estimated to be 1 - 2 %. In subtype 2B an abnormally structured von-Willebrand factor (VWF) leads to an increased binding of VWF molecules to normal platelets, which regularly results in thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Only few systematic observations in patients with type 2B VWD in the perinatal period have been reported in the literature. Six spontaneous deliveries in two sisters with type 2B VWD are reported. The first patient did not show any bleeding complications in five vaginal deliveries without any factor replacement therapy. The second patient showed a massive haemorrhage on the third postpartum day after administration of factor VIII-VWF concentrate replacement therapy (Haemate(R) HS), only on the day of delivery. No neonatal complications were reported. The clinical management of pregnancy, delivery and puerperium in patients with type 2B VWD requires close collaboration of experienced obstetricians, haematologists, anaesthesiologists and paediatricians. During labour and delivery, but especially in puerperium, there is a significantly increased risk for haemorrhage. Vaginal delivery is generally safe, but the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage is 30 %. These bleedings may be extremely severe. The danger of postpartum bleeding complications cannot be predicted with certainty, neither by past history of bleeding episodes or haematological laboratory tests of VWF activity levels. Hence, in all patients factor VIII-VWF concentrate replacement therapy should be initiated already in the first stage of labour. Post partum replacement therapy along with effective uterotonic therapy should be continued at least for seven days. With this treatment bleeding problems may be largely prevented. The decision to perform epidural block in labour and delivery must be assessed depending on individual risk factors.
Theoretical Model and Interpretation of Dense Plasma X-Ray Thomson Scattering (2002)

The authors present analytical expressions for the dynamic structure factor, or form factor S(k,{omega}), which is the quantity describing the inelastic x-ray cross section from a dense plasma or a simple liquid. The results, based on the random phase approximation (RPA) for the treatment on the charged particle coupling, can be applied to describe scattering from either weakly coupled classical plasmas or degenerate electron liquids. The form factor correctly reproduces the Compton energy downshift and the usual Fermi-Dirac electron velocity distribution for S(k,{omega}) in the case of a cold degenerate plasma. the usual concept of scattering parameter is also reinterpreted for the degenerate case in order to include the effect of the Thomas-Fermi screening. The results shown in this work can be applied to interpreting x-ray scattering in warm dense plasmas occurring in inertial confinement fusion experiments or inside the interior of planets.
A decrease of reelin expression as a putative vulnerability factor in schizophrenia (1998)

Postmortem prefrontal cortices (PFC) (Brodmann's areas 10 and 46), temporal cortices (Brodmann's area 22), hippocampi, caudate nuclei, and cerebella of schizophrenia patients and their matched nonpsychiatric subjects were compared for reelin (RELN) mRNA and reelin (RELN) protein content. In all of the brain areas studied, RELN and its mRNA were significantly reduced (approximately 50%) in patients with schizophrenia; this decrease was similar in patients affected by undifferentiated or paranoid schizophrenia. To exclude possible artifacts caused by postmortem mRNA degradation, we measured the mRNAs in the same PFC extracts from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors alpha1 and alpha5 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunits. Whereas the expression of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit was normal, that of the alpha1 and alpha5 receptor subunits of GABAA was increased when schizophrenia was present. RELN mRNA was preferentially expressed in GABAergic interneurons of PFC, temporal cortex, hippocampus, and glutamatergic granule cells of cerebellum. A protein putatively functioning as an intracellular target for the signal-transduction cascade triggered by RELN protein released into the extracellular matrix is termed mouse disabled-1 (DAB1) and is expressed at comparable levels in the neuroplasm of the PFC and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, cerebellar Purkinje neurons of schizophrenia patients, and nonpsychiatric subjects; these three types of neurons do not express RELN protein. In the same samples of temporal cortex, we found a decrease in RELN protein of approximately 50% but no changes in DAB1 protein expression. We also observed a large (up to 70%) decrease of GAD67 but only a small decrease of GAD65 protein content. These findings are interpreted within a neurodevelopmental/vulnerability "two-hit" model for the etiology of schizophrenia.
Photodynamic Therapy: Responsive Assembly of Upconversion Nanoparticles for pH‐Activated and Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Photodynamic Therapy of Deep Tumors (Adv. Mater. 35/2018) (2018)

Stimuli-responsive smart photodynamic agents are highly desirable for photodynamic therapy. In article number 1802808, Daishun Ling and co-workers report tumor-pH-sensitive photodynamic nanoagents composed of self-assembled photosensitizer-grafted pH-responsive polymeric ligands and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The nanoagents are self-quenched in physiological pH conditions. In a mild acidic tumor environment, they can be efficiently internalized by tumor cells due to surface charge reversal, and further become disassembled into well-dispersed nanoparticles in intracellular tumor pH value, resulting in the UCNP-mediated activation of photosensitizers by near-infrared light.
Recent insights into the three-dimensional molecular packing structure of native type I collagen (2002)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Synthesis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Esters, Constituting Simple Models of Soft Drugs. (1998)

One way to minimise systemic side effects of drugs is to design molecules, soft drugs, in such a way that they are metabolically inactivated rapidly after having acted on their pharmacological target. Hydrolases (esterases, peptidases, lipases, glycosidases, etc.) are enzymes well suited to use for drug inactivation since they are ubiquitously distributed. Insertion of ester bonds susceptible to enzymatic cleavage may represent one approach to make the action of a drug more restricted to the site of application. The present study describes the chemical synthesis of fourteen model compounds comprising a bicyclic aromatic unit connected by an ester-containing bridge to another aromatic ring. Initial attempts to define a) the tissue selectivity of the hydrolytic metabolism and b) the molecular structural factors affecting the rate of enzymatic ester cleavage are presented. The data show that human and rat liver fractions were more active than human duodenal mucosa and human blood leukocytes at hydrolysing the compounds. The rank order of the compounds was, however, very similar in the different biological systems. Commercially available pig liver carboxyl esterase and cholesterol esterase both reasonably well predict the rank order in the tissue fractions.
Electro-chemical deposition technology for ULSI multilevel copper interconnects (2002)

Copper is a promising candidate to replace aluminum for better conductivity, reliability as well as lower cost. A new electrochemical copper deposition (ECD) process has been developed for the manufacturing of ULSI damascened, or in-laid, Cu interconnects. The new Cu ECD process-is designed for filling trenches and vias with high aspect ratio (AR) conductor structures for 0.25 um device generation and beyond. The gap filling Cu deposition process is capable of high deposition rate and gives good material properties as well as good uniformity. The newly developed Cu ECD system has a standard cluster tool configuration. Its deposition modules have in-situ rinse/dry capability to achieve cassette to cassette dry wafer in and dry wafer out operations. Dual damascene structures with 0.4 um feature size and AR 5:1, which represents the most aggressive device structure being made today, have been completely filled without voids or seams. In addition, deep contact test structures with 0.25 um feature size and AR 8:1 have also been filled to demonstrate the capabilities of this new technology.
Effect of Volume Fractions of Arc Sprayed Al Coatings on Tensile Properties of a Type 316 Steel Substrate (2004)

The effect of arc sprayed times, which are quantitatively described by the volume fraction of coatings, on the mechanical properties of type 316 steel, have been undertaken in the present work. Al wires were utilized as coatings materials. Tensile tests were carried out in the temperature range of Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect It has been found that grains at edges and corners of the 316 steel specimens have been dramatically constricted by grit blasting and spraying. Grit blasting has been found to exert a shot-peening effect on the mechanical properties of 316 steel specimens. Coatings with lower values of coating volume fraction strengthen the coated specimens in the very similar way as blasting. While if the volume fraction of coating, (Vv)c, exceeds a critical value, (VV)K, softens the specimens. Specimens with low values of (Vv)c, have high values of flow stress, as well as higher values of work-hardening coefficient, Calculations based on the experimental results show that the high thickness coatings have relatively lower contribution to the mechanical properties of specimens.
Three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system with SVPWM current controller (2009)

Effective control strategies for reliable photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems are needed to efficiently use solar energy, an abundant and clean renewable energy source. A space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) has been widely applied in the current control of three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs). The control strategy combines a constant voltage tracking method for the variable photovoltaic power with SVPWM-based proptional-intergral (PI) current controller in a single stage three-phase PV grid-connected system. The controller mimics deadbeat control in the synchronous d-q reference frame, and is very simple and robust to implement. With the necessary grid voltage detection in Photovoltaic systems for protection, grid harmonics disturbance is effectively suppressed through feed-forward compensation. The simulation results show that the current controller makes the PV grid-connected VSI output current to be in phase with the grid voltage and has an excellent steady-state response as well as an extremely fast dynamic response.
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with CD34 Positive Selection in Children with Hematological Malignancy- a Single Center Experience of 16 Years (2017)

Controversy remains about the optimal approach for haploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HHSCT) in children. Here we report results from our center in children with hematological malignancy, who received CD34+ selected stem cells between 1999-2015. 63 patients had 70 HSCT from haploidentical donors for the following indications: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL n = 31), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML n = 26), Biphenotypic Leukemia (n = 3), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS n = 7), and Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (n = 1). Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) was administered for 44 transplants. For ALL patients MAC included TBI (1400 Gy in 8 fractions), ARA-C (3gm/msq for 6 doses) and cyclophosphamide (45mg/kg for 2 doses). For AML and MDS patients MAC included busulfan (.8 mg/kg for 16 doses with pharmacological levels monitoring) and cyclophosphamide (50mg/kg for 4 doses). 26 patients were not eligible for MAC and received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) with TBI (600 Gy in 2 fractions) and fludarabine (30 mg/msq for 4 doses). All patients received alemtuzumab (anti CD52). GvHD prophylaxis with tacrolimus was administered when the graft contained more than 5 × 10^4 CD3 cells/kg. 38 patients (ALL n = 25, AML n = 10, Biphenotypic leukemia n = 3) were negative for minimal residual disease (MRD) at the time of transplant, while 22 patients (ALL n = 6, AML n = 15, JMML n = 1) were MRD positive. MRD positivity included morphologic, cytogenetic and/or molecular findings of leukemia. 5 patients with MDS were untreated prior to HHSCT, and 4 pts underwent HHSCT as rescue having failed to engraft following SCT from a different donor. We used the Clinimacs magnetic activated cell sorting system to select CD34+ cells from leukepheresis products. Endpoints for analysis were engraftment, 3 year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). 7 patients failed primary engraftment (1 ALL, 2 AML and 4 MDS); 4 were rescued with a second HSCT. 1/5 untreated MDS patients achieved stable donor engraftment. This patient was the only MDS patient conditioned with radiation. For ALL patients, 3 years OS and DFS were identical at 38%. For ALL patients transplanted in CR1 and CR2, 3 years OS was 57%. In contrast, 3 year OS for AML patients was lower at 20%, (25% for patients in CR1 and CR2). All but 1 (21/22, all disease types) MRD+ patients relapsed or died early in the course from treatment related causes. No grade III-IV acute GvHD occurred in any patient in the entire cohort. Treatment related mortality (n = 13) was due to engraftment failure and infection. In conclusion, these data suggest that for patients with ALL, haploidentical transplantation using CD34 selection can achieve cure rates that are comparable to matched donor transplants. However, the outcome for AML or MRD + patients is not satisfactory and alternative methods for haploidentical transplantation should be investigated.
An introduction to bacterial diseases (2002)

to describe a classification system for infectious diseases based on the presence or absence of key virulence factors of the causative organism
A New Synthesis of Flavone Involving Cyclization via Displacement of Aromatic Chlorine (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of Flavone Involving Cyclization via Displacement of Aromatic ChlorinePhilip L. Southwick and Jack R. KirchnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 3, 689–691Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01560a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01560a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of polymer‐supported catalysis. 5. Solvation of quaternary onium ions in polystyrene gels by <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR spectroscopy (1984)

Abstract 13 C‐NMR linewidths and spin‐lattice relaxation times have been determined for soluble and crosslinked polystyrenes containing quaternary phosphonium and ammonium ions. Solubilities and NMR linewidths show that the solvating abilities toward tri‐ n ‐butylphosphonium ions are CDCl 3 > CH 3 OH > D 2 O > benzene, toluene, toward the trimethylammonium ions, CH 3 OH > CDCl 3 > D 2 O > toluene, and toward the nonpolar polymer backbone, CDCl 3 , benzene > toluene > CH 3 OH > D 2 O.
Study on piezoresistivity of carbon fiber reinforced cement based composite (2002)

The conductive mechanism and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber reinforced cement based composite (CFRC) were studied. The results showed that there exists a remarkable pressure dependence on the conductivity of CFRC, in which the so-called negative pressure coefficient of resistivity (NPCR) and positive pressure coefficient of resistivity (PPCR) were observed under low and high stress ratios, respectively. The breakdown and rebuild-up process of conductive network under pressure were found to be responsible for the pressure dependence on resistivity.