gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excess power statistic for detection of burst sources of gravitational radiation (2001)

We examine the properties of an excess power method to detect gravitational waves in interferometric detector data. This method is designed to detect short-duration $(\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5$ s) burst signals of unknown waveform, such as those from supernovae or black hole mergers. If only the bursts' duration and frequency band are known, the method is an optimal detection strategy in both Bayesian and frequentist senses. It consists of summing the data power over the known time interval and frequency band of the burst. If the detector noise is stationary and Gaussian, this sum is distributed as a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ (non-central ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2})$ deviate in the absence (presence) of a signal. One can use these distributions to compute frequentist detection thresholds for the measured power. We derive the method from Bayesian analyses and show how to compute Bayesian thresholds. More generically, when only upper and/or lower bounds on the bursts duration and frequency band are known, one must search for excess power in all concordant durations and bands. Two search schemes are presented and their computational efficiencies are compared. We find that given reasonable constraints on the effective duration and bandwidth of signals, the excess power search can be performed on a single workstation. Furthermore, the method can be almost as efficient as matched filtering when a large template bank is required: for Gaussian noise the excess power method can detect a source to a distance at least half of the distance detectable by matched filtering if the product of duration and bandwidth of the signals is $\ensuremath{\lesssim}100,$ and to a much greater fraction of the distance when the size of the matched filter bank is large. Finally, we derive generalizations of the method to a network of several interferometers under the assumption of Gaussian noise. However, further work is required to determine the efficiency of the method in the realistic context of a detector network with non-Gaussian noise.
The correlation of slow crack growth in linear polyethylene by the J-integral (1989)

The fracture of a polyethylene (PE) homopolymer by slow crack growth was measured with a three point bending (TPB) specimen and a single edge notch tension (SENT) specimen. The crack growth rate correlated with the stress intensity for each type of specimen. However, for a given K, SENT specimens exhibited a faster crack growth rate than TPB specimens. Since PE is non-linear, the J-integral is more appropriate than K and it was found that J does correlate the SENT and TPB results. In addition, the degree of non-linearity of the PE was increased by quenching. For the quenched state it was also found that J correlated the SENT and TPB results in accordance with the dependence of J on the degree of non-linearity of the material.
Addressing the drone data collection process for the Required Data quality (2016)

A “patchwork” of domestic drone regulations that differ from country to country are being created, confusing operators and manufacturers in an industry that is predicted to evolve into a US$93 billion market in 10 years. Another report states that “the market for UAVs for Defense and Security operations will undergo periodic and regional fluctuations resulting from significant economic and technological changes. Global procurement over that period will exceed $130 Billion.” Not mentioned in these regulations is the quality and management of data required. For example, an initial step in drone data collection is the process of drone registries. Drone registries already exist within the United States, Canada, Ireland, United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and other countries - and are already dissimilar in such fields as size, weight, operational usage, etc. The International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Annex 15, Chapter 1, implies the necessity for a Quality Management System (QMS) when it states “Corrupt or erroneous aeronautical information/data can potentially affect the safety of air navigation.” Examples would include Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs), Pre-flight Information Bulletins (PIBs) and Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs). Similar to these products and services, but possibly unobserved, is the inherent and essential need to fulfill specific requirements to meet the needs of drone users, no matter their intended legitimate purpose. In other words, with the explosive growth of drone usage, the need for aeronautical information / data of a required quality (e.g., adequacy, availability, timeliness, etc.) has never been greater than in the coming air navigation environment in which a higher accuracy of data will be required. Within the European Community (EC), a regulated subset of QMS is Aeronautical Data Quality (ADQ). The EC implementing rule for ADQ is EC Regulation 73/2010. The process of collecting drone data and meeting their aeronautical data quality standards was successfully implemented by the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA). How the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) met their ADQ compliancy when they established their drone registry is the subject of this paper.
A triple‐helical model for (Gly‐Pro‐Hyp)<sub><i>n</i></sub> with <i>cis</i> peptide units (1975)

Abstract Synthetic regular polytripeptides of the type (Gly‐R 2 ‐R 3 ) where R 2 , R 3 , or both, are imino acids have been widely studied as model compounds for collagen. One such polytripeptide is poly(Gly‐Pro‐Hyp), since triplets with this sequence constitute about 10% of collagen. Recently, a new model has been proposed for this polytripeptide in which one of the three peptide bonds in the tripeptide unit is in the cis conformation, and the γ‐hydroxyl group of hydroxyproline forms a direct interchain hydrogen bond within the triple helix. We have confirmed this structure by model building using computer techniques, and the helical parameters obtained by us are close to the experimentally observed values. The model is also found to be comparable in stability with other models from energy considerations.
Step doping in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors for threshold voltage shifts (1989)

We have developed a way to control the threshold voltage (VT ) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) by boron doping. The field-effect mobility of uniformly boron-doped TFTs decreases rapidly with increased doping ratios. To keep the field-effect mobility from decreasing, we developed step-doped TFTs (SiN/undoped a-Si:H/boron-doped a-Si:H). With this structure, the decrease in the field-effect mobility by boron doping was lessened. The transfer characteristics calculated using a one-dimensional model were in good agreement with measurements below a doping ratio of 80 ppm. The difference between measurements and calculations for higher doping ratio was decreased using a new step-doped structure with the boron-doped layer under n+a-Si:H removed.
A multi-fingered hand control structure with on-line grasping force optimization (2002)

Grasp stability in a multi-fingered hand requires an appropriate force distribution between fingers taking into account contact conditions. The optimal solution with either recursive or non linear programming methods usually involves many computations and is very often not suitable for on-line implementation. This paper describes the transformation of this constrained problem into an unconstrained one so that the optimization algorithm finds the optimal solution within a few iterations. Force determination is then included in a hybrid position/force controller to prove the effectiveness of such a solution for updating force references during the grasped object motion.
Characteristics of a microbial assay for the detection of halogenated hydrocarbons using cells of an actinomycete‐like organism as a biological component (1997)

Abstract Cells of an Actinomycete‐like bacterium, strain GJ70, with the ability to degrade several haloalkanes were used as a biological component in a discontinuous microbial bioassay for the detection of 1,3‐dichloropropene and 1,2‐dibromoethane in water. The cells were entrapped in different matrices such as calcium alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, polyacrylamide‐hydrazide and chitosan‐carboxy‐methyl cellulose; the specific dehalogenating activity of the immobilized cells to a stirred sample solution and by the use of an ion selective electrode (ISE) for the quantification of enzymatically released halogen ions, the concentration of halogenated hydrocarbons could be estimated by determining the change of electrode potential within a period of 5 min. The detection limits for 1,3‐dichloropropene and 1,2‐dibromoethane were below 100 μg/l and 25 μg/l, respectively; the relative standard deviation was < 10%. In addition, several chlorinated and brominated hgydrocarbons were converted by the bacterial cells at a reduced rate e.g. 1, 2‐dibromopropane, 1‐bromoethane, 1,5‐dichloropentane, etc. Moreover, temperatures of between 20 and 40%C did not affect the enzymatic activity of the cells, and a pH of between at 5 and 9 had little influence. Several organic substances and non‐metabolizable compounds did not affect the conversion, whereas some heavy metal ions acted as inhibitors.
Studies on antimicrobial activity of arginine-based surfactants and chemo- enzymatic synthesis of novel amphiphiles based on L-arginine and D-fagomine (2007)

Los conjugados de lipidos y aminoacidos presentan excelentes propiedades tensioactivas, alta biodegradabilidad y baja toxicidad. De entre ellos, los derivados de arginina poseen un amplio espectro de actividad antimicrobiana. Con el objetivo de elucidar el modo de accion de los tensioactivos derivados de arginina, se ha investigado su interaccion con modelos de membrana (liposomas y monocapas de fosfolipidos) y se ha evaluado los efectos que causan en Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli. La eficacia antimicrobiana de los tensioactivos derivados de L-arginina previamente sintetizados en nuestro grupo de investigacion se ha mejorado. Para ello, se ha preparado quimo-enzimaticamente una nueva familia de derivados de L-arginina, bis(fenilacetilargininas). Finalmente y con el proposito de preparar nuevos posibles agentes antimicrobianos, se ha sintetizado una familia de compuestos anfifilicos, derivados alquilados de D-fagomina, empleando fructosa-6-fosfato aldolasa (FSA) como biocatalizador.
Variational Analysis of Oversampled Dual-Doppler Radial Velocity Data and Application to the Analysis of Tornado Circulations (2007)

Abstract For the detection of severe weather phenomena such as tornados, mesocyclones, and strong wind shear, the azimuthal resolution of radial velocity measurements is more important. The typical azimuthal resolutions of 1° for the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars and of 2° for the planned Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of Atmosphere (CASA) radars are not sufficient for this purpose, especially at far ranges. Oversampling is one strategy that can potentially provide more details about the azimuthal structures of flows, and can be achieved by processing raw data at azimuthal increments smaller than the radar beamwidth. In the presence of dual-Doppler observations, the variational method can be used to effectively recover subbeamwidth structures from these oversampled data, which, combined with the typically higher range resolutions, can provide high-resolution wind analyses that are valuable for, for example, tornado detection. This idea is tested in this paper using simulated data as well as reprocessed level-I data from a research WSR-88D radar, for model-simulated and actually observed tornadoes, respectively. The results confirm that much more detailed, often subbeamwidth, flow structures can indeed be recovered through azimuthal oversampling and a properly configured variational analysis, and the detailed flow analysis is expected to significantly improve one’s ability in identifying small-scale features such as tornadoes from radial velocity observations.
<sup>51</sup>Cr‐EDTA clearance determined by one plasma sample in children (1984)

51Cr-EDTA clearance was determined in 50 children from the activity in one plasma sample by means of two methods. The calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance by method I (ClI) was based on a transformation of the biexponential time-activity curve into a monoexponential with identical area below the time-activity curve. The calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance by method II (ClII) was based on a close relation between 51Cr-EDTA clearance and the reciprocal apparent volume of distribution normalized with respect to body surface area. It was demonstrated that the two methods were closely related. To test the accuracy of the two methods, the results of ClI and ClII were compared to 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated by means of a standard, multiple plasma sample method (ClSM). The correlations between ClSM and ClI and between ClSM and ClII were almost identical (r = 0.993 and r = 0.992). The accuracy of 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated as ClI and ClII did not differ significantly from each other.
Wind Tunnel Development of the Dragfoiler - A System for Reducing Tractor-Trailer Aerodynamic Drag (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Dragfoiler II, an effective and practical add-on aerodynamic drag reducing system for tractor-trailers, has been developed. Wind tunnel tests with 1/16- and 1/7-scale tractor-trailer models were used to determine empirical design guidelines for the Dragfoiler II's side elevation and planform shapes. Optimum designs for various combinations of tractor roof height and length, trailer height, and tractor-to-trailer gap length gave zero-yaw drag reductions between 30 and 35%. At a yaw angle of 10°, the percentage drag reductions were about half those at 0°. Off-design performance and the effects of trailer side-edge geometry were investigated. Several full-scale Dragfoiler II's are currently undergoing proving ground and commercial fleet evaluation tests.</div>
ROOMMS-a relaxation-based, object-oriented, mixed-mode simulator (2002)

A novel simulator has been developed to facilitate vertical circuit design integration. Written in Objective C, it allows the incorporation of new system/intermediate/device level models and modifications to the simulation algorithms. The analog simulation capability of the simulator is demonstrated. A simulator model is presented and the simulator's implementation of that model is shown. The necessary steps to add a new simulation capability, Elogic, are outlined. Code size and execution speed gains are discussed. The current ROOMMS implements the iterated timing analysis algorithm and packages this proven analog algorithm with a proven relaxation-based logic algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Did we focus on the most important issues in the use of growth factors and stem-cell transplantation? (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.4.650 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7908688 Did we focus on the most important issues in the use of growth factors and stem-cell transplantation? S C GulatixS C GulatiSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.4.650 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effect of maternal antibody on experimental infections of chickens with a type-8 avian adenovirus. (1977)

Mortality was 60% when chickens without detectable maternal antibody to avian adenoviruses were inoculated intra-abdominally with 10(6) plaque-forming units of AMG 5(2a), a type-8 avian adenovirus. Other results were macroscopic and microscopic lesions in a wide range of organs, statistically significant depression of body weights, AMG 5(2a) virus in the liver and feces, and high virus-neutralizing antibody titers to AMG 5(2a). The disease produced was similar to that described in a previous report of AMG 5(2a) infection of chickens, and similar to inclusion body hepatitis as described in the literature. In contrast, similar inoculation of chickens with maternal antibody to type-8 avian adenovirus resulted in no mortality, lesions in the liver only, no depression of body weight, AMG 5(2a) virus in the feces only, and relatively low virus-neutralizing antibody titers. During this study a hemorrhagic-aplastic anemia syndrome occurred in both AMG 5(2a)-inoculated and control chickens in one trial. Pathologic, virologic, and serologic findings indicated that the spontaneously occurring disease was not caused by an avian adenovirus.
Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of 1-[4-(3-substitutedacryloyl)-phenyl]-pyrrole-2,5-diones (2013)

A series of 1-[4-(3-Substituted-acryloyl)-phenyl]-pyrrole-2,5-diones(5a-f) were synthesized and characterized. All the compound synthesized from 1-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione(3) and substituted benzaldehydes(4a-f) by using Claisen-Schmidt Condensation reaction under conventional heating method and microwave irradiation methods. All the compoundswere characterized based on spectroscopic analysis such as IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectral data.
Effect of phase of noise on the performance of 6T SRAM cell (2014)

In this paper a detailed study of the effect of the phase of noise has been done on 6T SRAM cell. The 6T SRAM has been subjected to different combinations of noises at the storage nodes and the read ability and write ability of the SRAM cell is examined considering different noise voltage levels. It is found that the effect is different under different combinations of the phases of the noise voltages.
Why a Polysomnogram Should Become Part of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (2006)

Neurologists need to recognize, diagnose, and treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Increasing medical evidence suggests that OSA is an independent risk factor for stroke and TIA. Stroke (or TIA) is more likely a cause, rather than a consequence, of OSA because PSG studies have shown: 1) apneas in stroke are typically obstructive, not central or Cheyne-Stokes in type; 2) apneas are just as frequent and severe in patients with either TIA or stroke; 3) OSA severity is not influenced by the acuteness or location of the stroke; 4) untreated OSA patients have more strokes, stroke morbidity, and mortality than those who are treated. OSA alone can induce hypertension, especially in younger men. A causal relationship has recently been demonstrated between OSA and hypertension. A distinctive feature of OSA-induced hypertension is loss of the normal nighttime fall in blood pressure ("nondippers"). Data from the Sleep Heart Health Study showed a dose-response association between OSA severity and the presence of hypertension 4 years later. Hypertension or ischemic heart disease usually develops in untreated patients with OSA over time without particular worsening of OSA. Studies have shown sleep itself is not a risk factor for stroke because most stroke and TIAs begin between 6 am and noon, while the individual is awake. However, OSA promptly be considered in stroke beginning during sleep because 88% of strokes that develop during sleep occur in "nondippers." Premature death in OSA patients is most often cardiovascular, but occurs while the patients are awake. The risk of myocardial infarction is increased 20-fold in untreated OSA. Treating OSA patients with continuous positive airway pressure can prevent or improve hypertension, reduce abnormal elevations of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, reduce excessive sympathetic tone, avoid increased vascular oxidative stress, reverse coagulation abnormalities, and reduce leptin levels. If all this can be achieved by a polysomnogram, then this test should become part of a neurologist's armamentarium for stroke and TIA.
Estuarine flocs: Their size, settling velocity and density (1985)

The size and settling velocity of flocs of suspended sediments from the Chesapeake Bay were measured in laboratory experiments and in the field. The curves between floc diameter and settling velocity showed a non‐Stoke's relationship that was best described by the following: settling velocity (cm/s) = 1.73 (floc diameter, cm) 0.78 . Furthermore, the relationship between floc diameter and settling velocity indicated that the floe density decreased as the floes increased in size. In addition to changing density, a cylinder shape was found to be the best shape factor.
A Method to Assay Fluoride in Foods, Beverages, and Diets (1988)

Foods and beverages containing sugars, frequently consumed as snacks between meals, contribute to dental caries in different proportions depending on a number of intrinsic factors, including carbohydrate content, textural properties, and mineral composition, such as calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentration. A method to assay fluoride in foods and beverages is described which involves [1] an acid hydrolysis at 110 degrees C in a closed vial with a valve for dispensing reagents and [2] estimation of total acid-hydrolyzed fluoride using a specific ion electrode. A number of foods, beverages, and diets were analyzed for acid-hydrolyzable and free fluoride. The simplicity of the method eliminates fluoride contamination, making the procedure accurate and reproducible in determining fluoride in foods and beverages.
Distance-matrix routing: a scalable ad-hoc wireless IP routing (2004)

We present a scalable distance-matrix routing algorithm for clusters of nodes. These clusters are defined by GPS coordinates similar to hierarchical routing and geography based routing. We show that the computation and storage requirement of this distance-matrix routing algorithm is scalable and is substantially reduced for large number of mobile nodes. Optimality of routing is maintained. The effect of geographic proximity is shown to reduce computation, message exchange, and route storage requirements. Also, the reduced number of iterations required also improves on the stability of Bellman-Ford type distributed routing algorithms. We plan to implement an IP routing protocol using existing IP router software such as RIP, allowing such mature software to scale up to much larger number of nodes, to handle node mobility, and to perform many ad-hoc network features.
Alternative Ways to Think about Cellular Internal Ribosome Entry (2010)

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are specialized mRNA elements that allow recruitment of eukaryotic ribosomes to naturally uncapped mRNAs or to capped mRNAs under conditions in which cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Putative cellular IRESs have been proposed to play crucial roles in stress responses, development, apoptosis, cell cycle control, and neuronal function. However, most of the evidence for cellular IRES activity rests on bicistronic reporter assays, the reliability of which has been questioned. Here, the mechanisms underlying cap-independent translation of cellular mRNAs and the contributions of such translation to cellular protein synthesis are discussed. I suggest that the division of cellular mRNAs into mutually exclusive categories of "cap-dependent" and "IRES-dependent" should be reconsidered and that the implications of cellular IRES activity need to be incorporated into our models of cap-dependent initiation.
Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2006)

Medication treatments can be effective in treating PTSD, acting to reduce its core symptoms, as well as associated depression and disability. The findings of this review support the status of SSRIs as first line agents in the pharmacotherapy of PTSD, as well as their value in long-term treatment. However, there remain important gaps in the evidence base, and a continued need for more effective agents in the management of PTSD.