gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive determination of tissue thermal parameters from high intensity focused ultrasound treatment monitored by volumetric MRI thermometry (2009)

A method is proposed for estimating the perfusion rate, thermal diffusivity, and the absorption coefficient that influence the local temperature during high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermotherapy procedures. For this purpose, HIFU heating experiments (N = 100) were performed ex vivo on perfused porcine kidney (N = 5) under different flow conditions. The resulting spatio-temporal temperature variations were measured non-invasively by rapid volumetric MR-temperature imaging. The bio-heat transfer (BHT) model was adapted to describe the spatio-temporal evolution of tissue temperature in the cortex. Absorption and perfusion coefficients were determined by fitting the integrated thermal load (spatial integration of the thermal maps) curves in time with an analytical solution of the BHT equation proposed for single point HIFU heating. Thermal diffusivity was determined independently by analyzing the spatial spread of the temperature in time during the cooling period. Absorption coefficient and thermal diffusivity were found to be independent of flow, with mean and average values of 11.0 +/- 1.85 mm(3) x K x J(-1) and 0.172 +/- 0.003 mm(2) x s(-1), respectively. A linear dependence of the calculated perfusion rate with flow was observed with a slope of 9.20 +/- 0.75 mm(-3). The perfusion was found to act as a scaling term with respect to temperature but with no effect on the spatial spread of temperature which only depends on the thermal diffusivity. All results were in excellent agreement with the BHT model, indicating that this model is suitable to predict the evolution of temperature in perfused organs. This quantitative approach allows for determination of tissue thermal parameters with excellent precision (within 10%) and may thus help in quantifying the influence of perfusion during MR guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU).
Concentration Profiles in Densely Tethered Polymer Brushes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTConcentration Profiles in Densely Tethered Polymer BrushesRastislav Levicky, Nagraj Koneripalli, Matthew Tirrell, and Sushil K. SatijaView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 11, 3731–3734Publication Date (Web):May 15, 1998Publication History Received3 December 1997Revised24 February 1998Published online15 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9717653https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9717653brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Optical properties,Polymer brushes,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Histidine kinases mediate differentiation, stress response, and pathogenicity in<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> (2014)

The aim of this study is a functional characterization of 10 putative histidine kinases (HIKs)-encoding genes in the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Two HIKs were found to be required for pathogenicity in the fungus. It was found that the mutant strains ΔMohik5 and ΔMohik8 show abnormal conidial morphology and furthermore ΔMohik5 is unable to form appressoria. Both HIKs MoHik5p and MoHik8p appear to be essential for pathogenicity since the mutants fail to infect rice plants. MoSln1p and MoHik1p were previously reported to be components of the HOG pathway in M. oryzae. The ΔMosln1 mutant is more susceptible to salt stress compared to ΔMohik1, whereas ΔMohik1 appears to be stronger affected by osmotic or sugar stress. In contrast to yeast, the HOG signaling cascade in phytopathogenic fungi apparently comprises more elements. Furthermore, vegetative growth of the mutants ΔMohik5 and ΔMohik9 was found to be sensitive to hypoxia-inducing NaNO2 -treatment. Additionally, it was monitored that NaNO2 -treatment resulted in MoHog1p phosphorylation. As a consequence we assume a first simplified model for hypoxia signaling in M. oryzae including the HOG pathway and the HIKs MoHik5p and MoHik9p.
Side effects of systemic oncological therapies in dermatology (2012)

The discovery of specific gene mutations, termed "driver mutations", in different tumors has brought personalized medicine into the focus of cancer treatment. Targeted treatment agents generally are administered orally and have a tolerable adverse event profile; they have become widely used in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The approval of the selective BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (Zelboraf®) as first-line therapy of metastatic melanoma in Europe in February 2012 as well as the increasing use of MEK inhibitors within clinical trials confronts dermatologists and oncologists with a new spectrum of side effects. Knowledge of these possible adverse events and their management will be crucial for optimized patient care. This article offers an overview of the most important adverse events of currently employed dermato-oncologic therapeutic agents.
A Comparative Study of the Healing Process Following Different Types of Bone Transplantation (1963)

A controlled comparative study was made of the osteogenic properties of various types of bone grafts in dogs. A rating scale was applied to the histological criteria used for the evaluation of the grafts, and a tabular and statistical evaluation of the results was carried out. Fresh autogenous bone was clearly superior; freezedried homogenous bone was the next highest in rating. The rest of the grafts tested rated in the following order: frozen homogenous, decalcified homogenous, frozen irradiated homogenous, freeze-dried irradiated homogenous, fresh homogenous, deproteinized heterogenous, and deproteinized homogenous. An indication of the approximate level of significance of this ranking was given. The deficiencies in the data related to the great variability in the response of the animals and the small numbers of animals at each test interval are discussed.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation Of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Barbiturate Or Steroid Antiplatelet Aggregation Properties (1981)

Despite advances in instrumentation, suture material, and operative techniques, thrombus formation at the anastomotic site remains a major factor in compromising surgical results in cerebral revascularization. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methyl prednisone, thiopental, and pentobarbital are drugs that have been shown both clinically and experimentally to have protective effects in focal cerebral ischemia, and also to possess antiplatelet properties. We undertook a study on the carotid arteries of 72 Sprague- Dawley rats to assess the effect of the above drugs on microvascular thrombus formation. The control group consisted of 24 arteries, 12 that had an aneurysm clip applied for 1 hour, and 12 that had an arteriotomy and suture repair; no pharmacological agent was administered to this group. The experimental group was sub-divided into 2 major subgroups: Group A consisted of a total of 24 arteries subjected to aneurysm clip application for 1 hour; Group B consisted of a total of 24 arteries subjected to arteriotomy and suture. In both experimental groups, 6 animals were treated with one of the following pharmacological agents that was infused IV over a period of 1 hour: DMSO 2 mg/Kg; methyl prednisone 40 mg/Kg, thiopental 90 mg/Kg, pentobarbital 90 mg/Kg. The tissue was recovered 15 minutes after arterial segment reperfusion and prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The specimens treated with DMSO, despite showing fracture of the endothelial layer with exposure of the sub-endothelium, had minimal thrombus formation. Specimens treated with the barbiturates showed less thrombus formation than the control group, but not comparable to the effect obtained with DMSO. The methyl prednisone group showed no difference compared to the control group.
Limitations for Daytime Detection of Stars Using the Intensifier Image Orthicon (1963)

Author Institution: Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
Chlorophyll-poly(vinylpyridine) complexes. V. Energy transfer from chlorophyll to bacteriochlorophyll (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorophyll-poly(vinylpyridine) complexes. V. Energy transfer from chlorophyll to bacteriochlorophyllG. R. SeelyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 5, 441–446Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100546a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100546a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<b>PEPTIDERGIC EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY SYNAPSES IN MAMMALIAN SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA: ROLES OF SUBSTANCE P AND </b><b>ENKEPHALIN </b> (1980)

Electrophysiological and neurochemical experiments were made to examine possible transmitter roles of substance P (SP) and enkephalin in guinea pig mesenteric ganglia. Repetitive stimulation of the dorsal root produced noncholinergic slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) in postganglionic cells. Capsaicin caused a marked increase in the release of SP from the ganglia in a Ca-dependent manner but did not change the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The noncholinergic slow e.p.s.p. evoked by preganglionic stimulation was markedly depressed after capsaicin treatment, whereas cholinergic fast e.p.s.p. was not affected by the drug. These results suggest that capsaicin is a selective SP-releaser and abolishes noncholinergic slow e.p.s.p. by depleting SP that is released as transmitter from axon collateral terminals of certain primary afferent neurons.
Cytoadherence-related homologous motifs in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>antigen Pf155/RESA and erythrocyte band 3 protein (1995)

Cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The identity of cell surface molecules on parasitized erythrocytes involved in cytoadherence is of great interest to understand the molecular basis of this mechanism. Peptide sequences derived from exofacial loops of the erythrocyte antigen band 3 from parasitized erythrocytes have previously been shown to inhibit cytoadherence. We now report that a non-repeated region of Pf155/RESA (residues 213-218) contains a hexapeptide motif being highly homologous to cytoadherence inhibitory sequences from band 3. Synthetic peptides containing the hexapeptide motif of Pf155/RESA inhibited the binding of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to melanoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, individuals residing in malaria-endemic areas have antibodies reactive with epitopes involving these motifs in band 3 and in Pf155/RESA.
Derivative constrained Capon estimator using integrated mode vector (2008)

The derivative constrained Capon estimator using an integrated mode vector (DECCIM) suitable for automotive radar is proposed. The DECCIM estimates angular spread (AS) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a reflection signal composed of several element waves reflected simultaneously from an object. It uses an integrated mode vector in which AS is considered. In addition, its constraint condition includes the derivative of the integrated mode vector. The estimation performance is demonstrated via some numerical examples. When all of phases of the element waves are 0 degree and SNR is greater than 60 dB, the estimation errors of AS and DOA are less than 0.8 degrees and 0.1 degrees, respectively. The standard deviations of AS and DOA are less than 0.5 degrees. On the other hand, the standard deviation of AS is 2.1 degrees when the phases of the element waves are given at random. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the DECCIM, we also propose the DECCIM using the forward/backward spatial smoothing processing.
NADPH Oxidases Are Involved in Differentiation and Pathogenicity in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (2008)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidases have been shown to be involved in various differentiation processes in fungi. We investigated the role of two NADPH oxidases in the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. The genes bcnoxA and bcnoxB were cloned and characterized; their deduced amino acid sequences show high homology to fungal NADPH oxidases. Analyses of single and double knock-out mutants of both NADPH oxidase genes showed that both bcnoxA and bcnoxB are involved in formation of sclerotia. Both genes have a great impact on pathogenicity: whereas bcnoxB mutants showed a retarded formation of primary lesions, probably due to an impaired formation of penetration structures, bcnoxA mutants were able to penetrate host tissue in the same way as the wild type but were much slower in colonizing the host tissue. Double mutants showed an additive effect: they were aberrant in penetration and colonization of plant tissue and, therefore, almost nonpathogenic. To study the structure of the fungal Nox complex in more detail, bcnoxR (encoding a homolog of the mammalian p67(phox), a regulatory subunit of the Nox complex) was functionally characterized. The phenotype of DeltabcnoxR mutants is identical to that of DeltabcnoxAB double mutants, providing evidence that BcnoxR is involved in activation of both Bcnox enzymes.
Making the Case for Interregional Transmission Projects: Evaluation of Benefits and Allocation of Costs (2015)

This paper presents a technical and economic framework to evaluate the benefits of interregional transmission projects and to allocate interregional transmission costs based on the benefits to each regional systems. The integrated methodology is based on efficient coordination of regional electricity markets and is consistent with the requirements of FERC Order 1000 regarding interregional transmission planning. Transmission benefits consider the effects of interconnected operation and coordinated interregional transactions on energy markets, on system reliability and on the environment or other public policy objective. Net benefits are maximized to determine optimal interregional transmission capacity. Two models of scheduling coordinated interregional energy transactions are discussed: (i) creating import/export curves for each market that are cleared to define interregional transactions and prices on the transmission tie-lines, and (ii) a coordinated economic dispatch of interconnected systems to determine optimal power flows on the tie lines and nodal prices to settle interregional transactions. Economic benefits are measured by variations on market surplus, reliability benefits by savings achieved through sharing generation reserves and environmental impacts by variations on CO2 emissions and associated social cost. Transmission costs are allocated proportional to benefits to each system after computing and applying interregional congestion rents. Distributional effects are also pointed out and discussed. Illustrative examples are provided for both energy exchange coordination methods, showing calculations and highlighting particular results in each case.
An Overview of Static Pipelining (2011)

A new generation of mobile applications requires reduced energy consumption without sacrificing execution performance. In this paper, we propose to respond to these conflicting demands with an innovative statically pipelined processor supported by an optimizing compiler. The central idea of the approach is that the control during each cycle for each portion of the processor is explicitly represented in each instruction. Thus the pipelining is in effect statically determined by the compiler. The benefits of this approach include simpler hardware and that it allows the compiler to perform optimizations that are not possible on traditional architectures. The initial results indicate that static pipelining can significantly reduce power consumption without adversely affecting performance.
Crystallisation study of the Cu2ZnSnS4 chalcogenide material for solar applications (2012)

Second generation thin-film chalcogenide materials, in particular CuInGa(S,Se)2 (CIGS) and CdTe, have been among the most promising candidates for large-scale PV manufacturing and are quickly becoming commercial products. These materials offer stable and efficient (above 10%) photovoltaic modules fabricated by scalable thin-film technologies and cell efficiencies above 20 % (CIGS). CuSbS2 is a chalcogenide that was discovered in 1942 as a dark gray mineral in Morocco/Tunisia. CuSbS2 is a relatively new material with little research published but is expected to be interesting for environmentally amenable solar cells, as its constituents are nontoxic and are relatively abundant in the earth's crust. CuSbS2 thin films show p-type conductivity, a band gap of around 1.5 eV, which is ideal to achieve the highest solar-cell conversion efficiency, and a relatively high optical absorption in the visible light range. It also benefits from a low crystallization temperature of 250°C, which allows easier synthesis for flexible solar cells.
Predation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phage Environments Affects Virulence Determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2013)

The rise of bacterial variants in the presence of lytic phages has been one of the basic grounds for evolution studies. However, there are incongruent results among different studies investigating the effect of phage resistance acquisition on bacterial fitness and virulence. We used experimental evolution to generate three classes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa variants under selective pressure from two different homogeneous phage environments and one heterogeneous phage environment. The fitness and virulence determinants of the variants, such as growth, motility, biofilm formation, resistance to oxidative stress, and the production of siderophores and chromophores, changed significantly compared to the control. Variants with similar colony morphology that were developed through different phage treatments have different phenotypic traits. Also, mRNA transcription for genes associated with certain phenotypic traits changed significantly; however, sequencing did not reveal any point mutations in selected gene loci. Furthermore, the appearance of small colony variants and melanogenic variants and the increase in pyocyanin and pyoverdin production for some variants are believed to affect the virulence of the population. The knowledge gained from this study will fundamentally contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of bacteria under phage selective pressure which is crucial to the efficient utilization of bacteriophages in medical contexts.
A Case of Abciximab Induced Acute Profound Thrombocytopenia Resulting in Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm from Massive Bleeding at the Brachial Artery Access Site (2007)

Abciximab is one of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, and it is known to be effective for preventing and treating the thrombotic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). On the other hand, there is an increasing risk of hemorrhagic complications when using abciximab, especially in the case of abciximab-induced thrombocytopenia. Acute profound thrombocytopenia is a rare, but life threatening adverse reaction to abciximab, and it can even occur within a few hours of the first exposure. We report here on a case of 56 yearold woman who experienced massive bleeding of her brachial artery access site. This was caused by abciximab-induced acute profound thrombocytopenia after performing PCI concomitant with using abciximab. (Korean Circ J 2007;37:594-598)
DISCONTINUOUS SPLENOGONADAL FUSION IN A PATIENT WITH LEFT TESTICULAR MASS (2017)

urpose. Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a benign congenital anomaly that occurs predominantly in males and presents clinically as a testicular lump which is comprised of normal splenic tissue. There are two types of SGF: continuous and discontinuous. In continuous SGF, a fibrous band of splenic tissue is found between the spleen and testis and can be easily recognized on imaging studies. Conversely, diagnosis of discontinuous SGF is far from straightforward: if misdiagnosed, it leads to unnecessary orchiectomy in about a third of reported cases.
Pattern Learning for Event Extraction using Monolingual Statistical Machine Translation (2011)

Event extraction systems typically take advantage of language and domain-specific knowledge bases, including patterns that are used to identify specific facts in text; techniques to acquire these patterns can be considered one of the most challenging issues. In this work, we propose a languageindependent and weakly-supervised algorithm to automatically discover linear patterns from texts. Our approach is based on a phrase-based statistical machine translation system trained on monolingual data. A bootstrapping version of the algorithm is proposed. Our method was tested on patterns with different domain-specific semantic roles in three languages: English, Spanish and Russian. Performance shows the feasibility of our approach and its capability of working with texts in various languages. 1