gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Homochiral Annulated Sultams via Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of the impact of interfacial oxide thickness variation on metal-gate high-K circuits (2008)

In this paper we analyze the impact of interfacial oxide thickness variations on metal-gate high-K circuits. A simulation methodology is developed which considers a holistic model of the interaction of interfacial oxide layer thickness variation with the transistor electrostatic and transport properties. The unique nature of the high-k devices is thus captured and its influence on circuit parameters is investigated. It is shown that, the interfacial oxide thickness variation need to be effectively controlled to reduce circuit variability and fully exploit the advantage of metal gate high-k technologies.
Synthèse de <i>N</i>‐Alkyl‐arylamines par Thermolyse ou Photolyse d'Alkyl‐3‐diaryl‐1,3‐triazènes (1980)

Synthesis of N ‐Alkyl‐arylamines by Thermolysis or Photolysis of 3‐Alkyl‐1,3‐bis( p ‐chlorophenyl)triazenes The thermolysis of 3‐alkyl‐1,3‐bis( p ‐chlorophenyl)triazenes in benzene or methanol leads to the formation of N ‐alkyl‐ p ‐chloroanilines ( 2 ) in 19–50% yield, N ‐alkyl‐bis( p ‐chlorophenyl)amines ( 3 ) in 7.5–15.5% yield and 4,4′‐dichlorobiphenyle ( 4 ) in 1–7% yield; besides with benzene as the substrate, 4‐chlorobiphenyle ( 5 ) (12–20% yield) was also formed. The photolysis in methanol gives only the N ‐alkyl‐ p ‐chloroanilines ( 2 ) in 32–40% yield. In these two cases the results are consistent with a radical pair formation in a solvent cage, recombination (thermolysis) and/or diffusion (thermolysis and photolysis) with intermolecular abstraction of hydrogen. A free radical chain mechanism is involved in the photolytic process and the quantum yield is high.
Axonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with High versus Low Expanded Disability Status Scale Score (2004)

The dissociation of spinal cord atrophy and cerebral atrophy between these two groups suggests that the difference between the more benign and more disabled groups cannot be explained by a more aggressive pathological process that is affecting the entire neuroaxis in a homogeneous fashion.
Antibacterial Activity of Rosin and Resin Acids in Vitro (1990)

The antibacterial effects of rosins and resin acids were studied in vitro using three methods, disc diffusion on agar, agar dilution, and broth dilution. Rosin and some resin acids had antibacterial effects that were restricted to Gram-positive bacteria. The abietic type of acids had a more pronounced antibacterial activity than the pimaric and labdane acids when the disc diffusion method was used but there was no inhibition of growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Among the individual resin acids, dehydroabietic acid was generally the most potent, when disc diffusion on agar was used, and prediffusion increased the inhibitory effect. The composition of the pure resin acids dehydroabietic, neoabietic, and isopimaric acid did not change during the experiment, but abietic and levopimaric acid were converted into dehydroabietic acid by the addition of Müller-Hinton agar. In conclusion the old tradition of treating wounds with pitch, sap, rosin, or rosin containing tapes might therefore have some antibacterial relevance.
Electronic structure of poly(dihexylgermane): A comparison with poly(dihexylsilane) (1992)

One-photon and two-photon absorption and photoluminescence spectra have been investigated for thin films of poly(dihexylgermane) (PDHG) for a comparison with those of its Si-backbone analog, poly(dihexylsilane) (PDHS), with similar trans-planar backbones. The electronic structures of trans-planar PDHG and PDHS have been shown to resemble each other, including the energy positions of the $^{1}$${\mathit{B}}_{1\mathit{u}}$ and $^{1}$${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{g}}$ exciton transitions, which is not in accord with a prediction by band-structure calculations. A significant difference of the exciton absorption peak in Si and Ge backbones is seen only for the gauchelike disordered conformation.
Solvent-Dependent Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation/Kinetic Resolution in Molybdenum-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations (2002)

Catalytic asymmetric alkylation reactions of branched racemic carbonates 1a and 1b with sodium dimethyl malonate, promoted by molybdenum and ligand 5, proceed by a kinetic resolution in toluene, THF, tetrahydropyran, i-PrOAc, 1,2-dichloroethane, and MeCN with k(rel) of 7-16. In THF, MeCN, tetrahydropyran, and i-PrOAc using the (S,S)-5 ligand, the fast reacting (S)-carbonate enantiomer provides the branched product with high ee (97-99.5%) and branched/linear selectivity, but the ee erodes as the reaction of the slow-reacting (R)-enantiomer takes place. This implies that the rate of equilibration of the oxidative addition complexes in these solvents is competitive with the subsequent malonate displacement step. In toluene and dichloroethane, the ee and branched/linear ratios diminish during the reaction of the slow-reacting (R)-isomer, but not nearly as much as in the other solvents. This is most likely due to either an increase in the rate of equilibration of the oxidative addition complexes relative to the malonate displacement step, or vice versa. Because of the minimal stereochemical memory effect in toluene and 1,2-dichloroethane, the reactions in these solvents can be carried to completion (dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation) and still provide product with excellent ee (>95%). The anion of dimethyl methylmalonate also reacts via a kinetic resolution, although the ee's, rates, and k(rel) values differ from those of the reactions with dimethyl malonate.
Role of clotting factors and fibrin structure in predisposition to atherothrombotic disease (2005)

Atherothrombotic disease is a multifactorial disorder that develops secondary to a complex gene-environment interaction. The formation of an obstructive thrombus represents the final stage of the atherothrombotic process, and understanding the mechanisms involved in clot formation is essential in order to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at decreasing mortality and morbidity from the disease. Studies have demonstrated an important correlation between final clot structure and predisposition to atherothrombotic disease. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the final ultrastructure of the clot, which, in turn, influences an individual's risk of the disease. This paper reviews the factors involved in determining clot structure. The role of commonly used therapeutic agents in modulating clot structure will also be discussed.
Detection of Mie Scattering Using a Resonance Fluorescence Monochromator (2002)

The use of a resonance fluorescence monochromator (RFM) is described as a method for detecting Mie scatter. The detector has a spectral resolution limited by the atomic vapor used in the system (400 MHz for cesium). The RFM is used to detect Mie scatter from a particulate suspension, and deconvolution methods are used to extract the Mie scatter spectrum from the instrument response. The Mie scattering linewidth (140 MHz) is close to the literature value (100 MHz for air). Methods to reduce the linewidth of atomic vapor filters are briefly described.
Surface-wave parametric signal processing (1971)

The parametric interaction of surface-wave signals propagating in opposite directions on a lithium-niobate substrate has been used to obtain the crosscorrelation of digitally coded input signals. The output 4 cm interdigital transducer was separated from the substrate by a 2000 Å SiO2 layer to eliminate scattering into volume waves. Matched-filter responses for both amplitude-modulated and biphase Barker codes of up to 13 bits have been obtained.
Diuretic treatment in decompensated cirrhosis and congestive heart failure. (1986)

SIR,-Dr Helmer Ring-Larsen and others (24 May, p 1351) suggest that the blunted renal response to a diuretic agent in the upright as compared with the supine position is due to the activation of several hormonal mechanisms. They found evidence for increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and of the reninaldosterone axis and mention vasopressin as another important homoeostatic measure. However, they do not consider the possible role of the atrial natriuretic factor. Several observations indicate that this novel diuretic and natriuretic peptide' has a substantial role in volume homoeostasis. We and others have shown that patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure show greatly increased plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor, which are well correlated with right atrial pressures.23 In patients with cirrhosis we showed that discontinuation of diuretic treatment could increase circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor.4 Values in children with renal, insufficiency are greatly increased and correlate well with the degree ofvolume expansion; they are significantly reduced after volume reduction by haemodialysis.5 Changes in posture influence plasma atrial natriuretic factor values.6 In the supine position central venous and right atrial pressure increase due to volume shifting. Such an increase, induced by head out water immersion, has been shown to stimulate release of atrial natriureticfactorinhealthy subjects7andin patients with cirrhosis.' These findings support the contention that atrial natriuretic factor is an important factor in volume regulation in health as well as disease. Determination of atrial natriuretic factor concentrations might be useful in studies ofvolume regulation and might elucidate the still unresolved complex of posture dependent diuresis. ALEXANDER L GERBES RAINERM ARENDT
Isothermal Vapor Phase Epitaxy of Hg<sub>1-x</sub>(Cd<sub>1-y</sub>Zn<sub>y</sub>)<sub>x</sub>Te Thin Films Using Semiclosed Open-Tube System (1992)

Isothermal vapor phase epitaxy (ISOVPE) of Hg 1- x (Cd 1- y Zn y ) x Te (MCZT) is performed at 723, 773 and 823 K using a HgTe source and Cd 1- x Zn x Te (CZT; x =0, 0.2 and 1) substrates. A weight loss of the source of more than 40% causes the melt of the substrate surface. Interdiffusions of Hg and Cd and/or Zn are clearly observed, and the layer thickness is proportional to the square root of the growth time. The surface morphology of the Hg 1- x Zn x Te (MZT) epitaxial layers is rough, and their thickness is not uniform, while the Hg 1- x Cd x Te (MCT) and MCZT grown using the CZT ( x =0.2) substrates have good morphology and uniform thickness.
The Role of the Electrical Double Layer and Ion Pairing on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Hexachloroiridate(III) at Pt Electrodes of Nanometer Dimensions (2004)

The steady-state voltammetric oxidation of hexachloroiridate(III), IrCl6(3-) (1-5 mM), in the presence and absence of an excess supporting electrolyte was investigated at disk- and hemispherical-shaped Pt electrodes with radii ranging from 48 nm to 12.5 microm. Thermodynamic, kinetic, and transport parameters that define the shape and magnitude of the voltammetric wave exhibit a complex dependence on whether a supporting electrolyte is present in the solution. First, the half-wave potential, E1/2, for oxidation of IrCl6(3-) shifts to more positive potentials in the presence of a supporting electrolyte, a consequence of the relative difference in the strength of ion pairing of IrCl6(3-) and IrCl6(2-) by the supporting electrolyte cation. E1/2 increases in the order no electrolyte < n-tetrabutylammonium < Na+ approximately K+ approximately Ca2+, but is independent of the supporting electrolyte anion (Cl-, NO3-, PF6-). Second, the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant for oxidation of IrCl6(3-) increases by approximately an order of magnitude in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Third, in the absence of electrolyte, mass transport limited currents deviate significantly from predicted values based on the Nernst-Planck equation, but only when the electrode radius is smaller than ca. 1 microm. The latter two effects (Frumkin and dynamic diffuse layer effects) result from the dependence of interfacial electrical fields and, thus, the rates of electron-transfer and ion migration, on the supporting electrolyte concentration. We also demonstrate that the theoretical shape of the voltammetric response for oxidation or reduction of a highly charged redox species (e.g., IrCl6(3-)) is essentially independent of whether a supporting electrolyte is present in the solution. This finding can greatly simplify the analysis of heterogeneous electron-transfer rates using steady-state voltammetry in low ionic strength solutions.
Interconversion of cis-trans isomers in MX(CO)2(unsymmetric, bidentate phosphine)2 (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterconversion of cis-trans isomers in MX(CO)2(unsymmetric, bidentate phosphine)2L. D. Brown, S. Datta, J. K. Kouba, L. K. Smith, and S. S. WrefordCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 3, 729–734Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50181a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50181a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Properties of Lithium‐Doped Hydrothermally Grown Single Crystals of Zinc Oxide (1965)

The piezoelectric, dielectric, and optical proper ties of hydrothermally grown ZnO were exam ined. Although the material was strained it was not electrically twinned and the values of the electromechanical coupling factors, k 33 (= 0.47) measured by static loading and k 31 (= 0.188) measured by the resonance‐antiresonance tech nique, compared favorably with those measured in vapor‐grown crystals. The concentration of Li + substituted on a Zn site which was necessary to compensate the crystals was about 5 × 10 18 atoms/cm 3 . This concentration could be ob tained easily by growth from hydrothermal solu tions containing 2.0 molal LiOH. It was neces sary to heat‐treat hydrothermally grown crystals at 800° for about 50 hours, to diffuse out inter stitial zinc, to obtain high‐resistivity material. Typical dc resistivities of 10 10 ohm‐cm were ob tained by such treatment. There was a pro nounced anisotropy in the dielectric constant with K 33 varying between 9.9 and 11.7 and K 11 varying between 8.1 and 9.0 at 100 kc. The size and properties of Li + ‐doped hydrothermal ZnO make it of interest for transducers.
Vector solitons in harmonic mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers (2014)

We report experimental study of vector solitons for the fundamental and harmonic mode-locked operation in erbiumdoper fiber lasers with carbon nanotubes based saturable absorbers and anomalous dispersion cavities. We measure evolution of the output pulses polarization and demonstrate vector solitons with various polarization attractors, including locked polarization, periodic polarization switching, and polarization precession.
Optimization and Evaluation of an<i>in Vitro</i>Yeast Assay to Predict Phototoxicity (1988)

Phototoxicity is a skin-cell damage response that follows exposure, in many instances, to a juxtapositional combination of certain chemicals and ultraviolet A (UVA) light. Many known phototoxins are fragrances or components of fragrances. Because of the commercial value of fragrance materials to household and personal care products, it is important to assess their phototoxic potential. To meet this objective and to minimize the use of animals, an in vitro yeast assay,1 originally designed to prescreen materials for phototoxic potential, was restructured to reduce the time required to culture the yeast (from 72 hr to 24 hr) and to incubate the chemical with the cells (from 48 hr to 24 hr). The results using this modified assay correlate well with in vivo data. Further studies demonstrated that in many cases the test chemical undergoes a light-mediated conversion to the phototoxic species prior to reaction with the yeast.
Bispectral analysis of visual field interactions (2002)

Previous electrophysiological studies have demonstrated interactions between dicoptic visual stimuli presented to the same location in visual space. In this study the authors used non-linear spectral analysis, in particular the bispectrum, to study interaction between the electrocerebral activity resulting from stimulation of the left and right visual fields. Bispectra, bicoherence and biphase were calculated for 8 subjects monocularly observing a visual stimulus. Both phase vs. frequency and biphase vs. frequency were made to determine weighted time delays from stimulus application to signal appearance in the EEG electrodes. Bispectral analysis revealed non-linear interaction between visual fields occurring with weighted delay times of 410/spl plusmn/58 msec while non-interactive components propagated with weighted time delays of 202/spl plusmn/39 msec. These results illustrate how bispectral analysis can be a powerful tool in analyzing the connectivity of neural networks in complex systems.
Insight in first-episode psychosis (2006)

Multiple factors contribute to insight. Patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis who have little insight are at increased risk of discontinuing their medication.
X-ray diffraction structure of a cell-wall invertase from<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2006)

Cell-wall invertases play crucial roles during plant development. They hydrolyse sucrose into its fructose and glucose subunits by cleavage of the alpha1-beta2 glycosidic bond. Here, the structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana cell-wall invertase 1 (AtcwINV1; gene accession code At3g13790) is described at a resolution of 2.15 A. The structure comprises an N-terminal fivefold beta-propeller domain followed by a C-terminal domain formed by two beta-sheets. The active site is positioned in the fivefold beta-propeller domain, containing the nucleophile Asp23 and the acid/base catalyst Glu203 of the double-displacement enzymatic reaction. The function of the C-terminal domain remains unknown. Unlike in other GH 32 family enzyme structures known to date, in AtcwINV1 the cleft formed between both domains is blocked by Asn299-linked carbohydrates. A preliminary site-directed mutagenesis experiment (Asn299Asp) removed the glycosyl chain but did not alter the activity profile of the enzyme.
Tubular Repair of the Median Nerve in the Human Forearm (1994)

Transected median nerves in the forearm of two male patients, 12 and 21 years of age, were treated with a chamber technique leaving a 3 to 5 mm gap between the nerve ends. The nerve ends were enclosed in a silicone tube of such a dimension that would not cause compression of the nerve. Post-operative examination including sensory evaluation and assessment of muscle contraction force was carried out after 3 years. In both cases there was excellent motor recovery of the thenar muscles. Outgrowth of sensory fibres was remarkably fast, resulting ultimately in functional sensibility allowing almost normal hand function. 2PD was < or = 6 mm (12-year-old patient) and 8 to 10 mm (21-year-old patient) respectively. In one case the silicone tube was re-explored because of minor local discomfort 2 years after the repair. The former gap was bridged by a smooth continuous nerve-like structure of the same diameter as the adjacent nerve trunk and with no signs of neuroma formation or compression of the nerve.
Pharmacology of Nicotine: Antipyretic, Renal and Adrenocorticotrophic Effects. (1951)

1. Nicotine lowers the temperature of the fevered rat, rabbit and dog. 2. In addition to the previously described antidiuretic effect of nicotine in rat and man, the present experiments indicate high activity in the dog, and independence of this effect from changes in glomerular filtration rate. Nicotine did not lower the renal excretion of phenol red in the dog. 3. Nicotine lowers the concentration of ascorbic acid in the rat adrenal. This effect is completely abolished by total adenohypophysectomy.
Optimal routing in the shuffle-exchange networks for multiprocessor systems (2003)

The authors propose the shuffle-exchange and exchange-unshuffle network and a combination routing scheme. They prove that combination routing is optimal for s/e&e/u interconnection networks in the sense that it leads to the lowest possible number of cycles through the single-stage for every pair of source and destination addresses. The authors design a systolic algorithm for calculating the parameters for carrying out combination routing. Using standard shuffle-exchange routing, the average network delay can not be less than log N even with various augmented hardware. Simulation experiments on the combination routing show that the average network delays are significantly less than log N.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speed of Recall in Aging (1984)

This experiment investigated age differences in the speed of verbal recall under experimentally controlled processing conditions. Twelve normal aged and 12 young adults learned a set of items by a procedure that required them to search a list to identify instances of common conceptual categories. This search procedure was used to control for age differences in initial processing. Memory for the target items was tested by free recall and cued recall in which each item was cued by its category label. There were no age differences in either rate of free recall or speed of cued recall under these conditions. This result appears to be inconsistent with the Birren hypothesis, which predicts age differences in the speed of verbal recall. This experiment illustrates the importance of experimentally controlled processing conditions for evaluating of age-related changes in cognitive speed.