gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the local specific energy dissipation rates in a jet‐zone loop reactor for halogenation of ketones (2010)

Abstract Within the framework of process intensification there is a growing demand for novel reactor technologies. For the improvement of halogenation of ketones a jet‐zone loop reactor (JZR) is used, which leads to an enormous increase in yield and selectivity compared to stirred vessels (Kutschera et al., 2008 ). This JZR is a special jet loop reactor with high specific mass transfer performance and good macromixing behaviour. It is obvious that there is direct relation between the reaction and the hydrodynamics in the reactor. Despite several aspects of hydrodynamics in jet loop reactors have been investigated, the essential flow characteristics behind a two‐component jet are not sufficiently understood. In these investigations, the flow field in the jet zone of the JZR was analysed by 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the kinetic energy dissipation rate ε was determined from the spatial gradients of the fluctuating velocity.
Analysis of cellular integration sites in avian sarcoma virus infected duck embryo cells (1979)

The cellular sites of integration of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) have been examined in clones of duck embryo cells infected with the Bratislava 77 strain of ASV using restriction endonuclease digestion, agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and hybridization with labeled ASV complementary DNA probes. DNA prepared from 11 clones of duck embryo cells infected with the Bratislava 77 strain of ASV was digested with the restriction enzymes HpaI, which cleaves once within the viral genome, and Hind III, which cleaves twice within the viral genome, and the virus-cell DNA juncture fragments were resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the virus-cell junctures present in individual ASV-infected duck embryo clones revealed that all clones contain at least one copy of nondefective proviral DNA with some clones containing as many as 5 to 6 copies of proviral DNA. A comparison of the virus-cell juncture fragments present in different ASV-infected clones showed that each clone contains a unique set of virus-cell junctures. These data suggest that ASV DNA can integrate at multiple sites within the duck embryo cell genome and that these sites appear to be different as defined by digestion with the restriction enzymes HpaI and HindIII.
Photoacoustic microscopy of coal macerals (1984)

The reactivity of a coal of a given rank under the thermal processing conditions of pyrolysis or gasification can vary greatly depending on the relative abundance of the coal's chemically different organic components - the macerals. The chemical composition of a maceral is the dominant factor responsible for its thermochemical behavior. Since distinctly different photoacoustic responses are obtained from different coal macerals, considerable potential may exist to use these differences as aids in understanding and predicting the thermochemical behavior of coal. This paper reviews the results and theory behind photoacoustic microscopy performed by the Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.
Testing of Greenleaf ceramic cutting tools with an interrupted cutting (2011)

Ovaj se rad baviti rjesenjem dostupnosti u prekinutoj obradi. Ispitivanja e - prekinut rez. Ovo
o na Zavodu za strojnu obradu i montažu, VS
udara. Testni materijal reznog alata i. Brzina rezanja (408 m/min i 580 m/min) i posmak rezanja (0,15 mm, 0,2
m e e a dubina ( = 1 mm). ih
reznih materijala u prekinutoj strojnoj obradi.Udanasnje vrijeme ove materijale uju neki proizvo a i kao rezne umetke za prekinutu strojnu obradu.
Effect of the Nitrogen Supply on the Activities of Isoenzymes of NADH-dependent Glutamate Synthase and Glutamine Synthetase in Root Nodules of<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L. (1990)

This paper has investigated the regulation of the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) of Phaseolus vulgaris in relation to the nitrogen supply. The activity of NADH-GOGAT II, which is the most abundant isoenzyme of glutamate synthase in root nodules of P. vulgaris, was either absent or barely detectable in other organs of this species. Moreover, its activity in roots could not be induced by ammonium. In nodules NADH-GOGAT II activity was detected in nodules grown under an atmosphere of 80% argon: 20% oxygen and in nodules formed with a Fix- Rhizobium mutant. However, in these non-fixing nodules the activity of this isoenzyme attained less than 15% of the activity in fixing nodules and switching argon/oxygen grown nodules to nitrogen/oxygen led to an increase in this isoenzyme within 24 h. This effect could not be mimicked by the addition of exogenous ammonium. Ammonium addition, however, promoted nodule senescence and also led to a decrease in the activities of nitrogenase and plant GS. In particular, the nodule-enhanced GS γ isoenzyme but not the GSβ isoenzyme was affected by these changes and in a manner similar to the changes in NADH-GOGAT II. The activity of the NADH-GOGAT I isoenzyme was detectable in other organs of P. vulgaris and in nodules its activity also showed some changes in response to the rate of dinitrogen fixation.
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Two Hepatitis B Virus Antigens in Guinea Pigs (1974)

Abstract The ability of two purified, particulate hepatitis B virus antigens to induce antibodies and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses was studied in Hartley guinea pigs. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was purified by several methods from the plasmas of human, chronic HBsAg carriers, while hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was purified from chimpanzee liver by ultracentrifugation. Guinea pigs immunized with the HBsAg preparations developed anti-HBs in the absence of anti-HBc but delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to HBsAg were seen clearly only in animals immunized with high doses of the most highly purified HBsAg preparation. Guinea pigs immunized with the HBcAg preparation developed anti-HBc in the absence of anti-HBs, and showed delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to HBcAg in the absence of reactions to a chimpanzee liver-derived control antigen. No skin reactivity was seen to HBcAg in guinea pigs immunized with HBsAg. Similarly, guinea pigs immunized with HBcAg showed no skin reactivity to HBsAg. It was concluded that both HBsAg and HBcAg are capable of inducing distinct humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in Hartley guinea pigs.
Wave Scattering by Permeable and Impermeable Breakwater of Arbitrary Shape (1974)

This paper deals with a theoretical method of calculation of the fluid motion, when a sinusoidal plane wave incidents to a permeable breakwater of arbitrary shape at constant water depth and shows that the problem for impermeable breakwater is solved as a special case of this method.
Cardiovascular responses to forskolin in the ovine fetus. (1989)

Six near-term ewes were instrumented to measure regional blood flows in the maternal and fetal subthoracic structures and allowed to recover for 5 days. Control blood flows were measured and 10(-3) molar forskolin was infused in the fetal hindlimb vein at 1 ml/min. After 10 min of infusion, maternal and fetal regional blood flows were measured. The fetal blood pressure was 44 +/- 3 mmHg in the control state and 40 +/- 4 mmHg after forskolin, P less than 0.056. The fetal renal vascular resistance changed from 24.4 +/- 2.4 to 17.5 +/- 1.7 mmHg.ml-1.min.g, P less than 0.005. The placenta had a control resistance of 27.7 +/- 5.0 and 25.6 +/- 5.1 mmHg.ml-1.min.g after forskolin, P less than 0.05. The placental membranes showed vasodilation: control resistance was 261 +/- 49 and 168 +/- 39 mmHg.ml-1.min.g after forskolin, P less than 0.02. The generalized vasodilation of the fetal circulation was paralleled in the maternal circulation. Forskolin, a lipid soluble diterpene, apparently had a placental clearance close to the theoretical maximum. Vasodilation was seen in the maternal renal, placental and uterine vasculatures. Maternal blood pressure was unchanged. Maternal placental vascular resistance was 47.4 +/- 3.0 mmHg.ml-1.min.g in the control state and 40.6 +/- 3.3 mmHg.ml-1.min.g after forskolin, P less than 0.02. Forskolin is a vasodilator in both the fetal and maternal circulations. The maintenance of a relatively normal blood pressure in the face of regional vasodilation shows that forskolin may have a positive inotropic effect on the fetal heart. These results indicate that neither the fetal nor the maternal ovine placental vasculature is maximally dilated in the control state.
Improvements of the Voxmap-PointShell Algorithm - Fast Generation of Haptic Data-Structures (2011)

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Exchange dynamics of 23Na and structural incommensuration in NaMo4O6: Dynamic line shape for the second order central transition of quadrupolar nuclei (1989)

Sodium nuclei in NaMo4O exhibit motion as evidenced by the change in asymmetry parameter describing the central transition of 23Na with variable temperature. The nonaxially symmetric electric field gradient observed in the slow motion limit implies that the preferred occupation of the sodium nucleus is not at the center of the tetragonal oxygen cage. At room temperature the sodium jumps randomly within the cage in such a manner as to experience an axially symmetric electric field gradient on average. Dynamic NMR line shape simulations invoking second order broadening of the central transition were performed based on models of four site exchange, and all-site random exchange. Both models yield results indistinguishable from experiment, with an activation energy Ea of 1.95 k cal mol−1. An anomolous upfield shoulder in the central transition is related to the existence of a structural incommensuration. A lower transition temperature Tc=140 K is evidenced by jump discontinuities in both the temperature dependence of T1 and of the quadrupolar coupling constant e2qQ. Using a plane wave approximation to describe the structural incommensuration, the appearance of, and the gradual downfield shift of the upfield shoulder can be satisfactorily fit to the data. From the temperature dependence of the quasicontinuous frequency distribution associated with the incommensurate structure, the upper transition temperature Ti is estimated to be 520 K.
A Numerical and Asymptotic Solution of Maxwell’s Equations for Nonlinear Optical Pulse Propagation (1993)

Recent interest in the development of all-optical switching devices and in the utilization of nonlinear optical fibers for long distance communication systems has lead to extensive research on the propagation of nonlinear optical pulses. A particularly important example is the optical soliton [1], whose propagation in nonlinear optical media is frequently modelled by the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation [1, 2]. While the NLS equation is an appropriate model for sufficiently wide pulses, some approximations implicit in this equation are no longer valid for narrow or high-powered pulses. To account for these types of pulses, the NLS equation has been extended to include higher-order linear and nonlinear dispersion, as well as effects due to Raman scattering [1, 2].
Enhancing e-communities with agent-based systems (2001)

Intelligent software agents offer an ideal technology platform for providing data sharing, personalized services and pooled knowledge, while maintaining user privacy and promoting interaction in e-communities.
Synergism of Diethylstilbestrol and Radiation in Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female F344 Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1979)

One compressed 20-mg pellet containing cholesterol only or cholesterol mixed with 0.98, 1.6, 2.6, or 3.9 mg of diethylstilbestrol (DES) was implanted into each of 203 female F344 rats. Two days later, half the animals in each group were exposed to 150 R of X-rays, and the other half were sham irradiated. The rats were maintained until 350 days post implantation. Mortality increased with the higher doses of DES, with or without X-rays. DES at all dose levels, with or without X-rays, produced pituitary tumors and pyometritis. Only rats that received both DES and X-rays had mammary adenocarcinomas (AC). A synergistic AC response was found in the group that received 2.6 mg DES plus X-rays. Synergism was defined as a significantly greater incidence of rats with mammary neoplasia resulting from DES plus X-ray treatment when compared to the summed incidence from comparable individual treatments. For all other groups of rats that received both treatments, synergism was detected only when their data were combined. Synergism was not detected among rats that had fibroadenomas (FA). Both types of neoplasms were independent phenomena because no significant relationship was found between the incidences of FA and AC.
Complementary layer pairs of plasmonic ladder-like structured films: Fabrication and visible-near-infrared properties (2015)

Complementary layer pairs consisting of an array of elongated gold patches on one layer with the complementary elongated holes on a second separated gold layer were fabricated by laser interference lithography using a double-exposure method. The anisotropic complementary layers, with a stretched hexagonal lattice, show polarization dependent enhanced transmittance at near-infrared wavelengths. The wavelengths of the peak transmittance through the plasmonic films are well correlated with the wavelengths of the resonant excitations of surface plasmon resonances of the system. The enhanced transmittance through such complementary layer pairs and the role played by the plasmonic resonances at the wavelengths with peak transmittance are confirmed through electromagnetic simulations. The enhanced transmittance is mediated by the plasmonic resonances of the hole arrays or cavity resonances due to the pair of complementary layers.
Multivariate genome-wide association study of rapid automatised naming and rapid alternating stimulus in Hispanic American and African–American youth (2019)

This study provides support for a novel trait locus at chromosome 10q23.31 and proposes a potential gene-brain-behaviour relationship for targeted future functional analysis to understand underlying biological mechanisms for reading disability.
Computational modeling of brain tumors: discrete, continuum or hybrid? (2008)

In spite of all efforts, patients diagnosed with highly malignant brain tumors (gliomas), continue to face a grim prognosis. Achieving significant therapeutic advances will also require a more detailed quantitative understanding of the dynamic interactions among tumor cells, and between these cells and their biological microenvironment. Data-driven computational brain tumor models have the potential to provide experimental tumor biologists with such quantitative and cost-efficient tools to generate and test hypotheses on tumor progression, and to infer fundamental operating principles governing bidirectional signal propagation in multicellular cancer systems. This review highlights the modeling objectives of and challenges with developing such in silicobrain tumor models by outlining two distinct computational approaches: discrete and continuum, each with representative examples. Future directions of this integrative computational neuro-oncology field, such as hybrid multiscale multiresolution modeling are discussed.
Abnormal pulmonary slowly adapting receptors in canine acrylamide neuropathy (1986)

Slowly adapting lung stretch receptors (SARs) and their vagal afferents are considered to play an important role in the mediation of numerous respiratory reflexes. The understanding of such reflexes has been facilitated by altering the discharge properties of SARs or by preventing the conduction of SAR-generated impulses to the brain stem. In a number of naturally occurring diseases of the peripheral nervous system, the vagus nerve and vagal reflexes are damaged. We have studied the function of SARs in anesthetized dogs with acrylamide neuropathy, a distal axonopathy that has been used as a model of naturally occurring neuropathies. There was a marked increase in threshold and decrease in firing rate of SARs in dogs with moderate neuropathy. Abnormal SAR discharge patterns were observed, and there was a depletion of those units innervated by the fastest conducting vagal afferent fibers in treated animals. Acrylamide induced degeneration of myelinated fibers in bronchial branches of the vagus nerve. These abnormalities were partially reversed upon withdrawal of the neurotoxin. Acrylamide may be a useful agent in the study of vagally mediated respiratory reflexes. SAR function is likely to be abnormal in diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
Non-Axisymmetric Stator Design for Boundary Layer Ingesting Fans (2017)

In a Boundary Layer Ingesting (BLI) fan system the inlet flow field is highly non-uniform. In this environment, an axisymmetric stator design suffers from a non-uniform distribution of hub separations, increased wake thicknesses and casing losses. These additional loss sources can be reduced using a non-axisymmetric design that is tuned to the radial and circumferential flow variations at exit from the rotor. In this paper a non-axisymmetric design approach is described for the stator of a low-speed BLI fan. Firstly sectional design changes are applied at each radial and circumferential location. Next, this approach is combined with the application of non-axisymmetric lean. The designs were tested computationally using full-annulus unsteady CFD of the complete fan stage with a representative inlet distortion. The final design has also been manufactured and tested experimentally. The results show that a 2D sectional approach can be applied non-axisymmetrically to reduce incidence and diffusion factor at each location. This leads to reduced loss, particularly at the casing and midspan, but it does not eliminate the hub separations that are present within highly distorted regions of the annulus. These are relieved by non-axisymmetric lean where the pressure surface is inclined towards the hub. For the final design, the loss in the stator blades operating with BLI was measured to be 10% lower than for the original stator design operating with undistorted inflow. Overall, the results demonstrate that non-axisymmetric design has the potential to eliminate any additional loss in a BLI fan stator caused by the non-uniform ingested flow-field.
A PTAS for the multiple knapsack problem (2000)

The Multiple Knapsack problem (MKP) is a natural and well known generalization of the single knapsack problem and is defined as follows. We are given a set of items and bins (knapsacks) such that each item has a profit and a size , and each bin has a capacity . The goal is to find a subset of items of maximum profit such that they have a feasible packing in the bins. MKP is a special case of the Generalized Assignment problem (GAP) where the profit and the size of an item can vary based on the specific bin that it is assigned to. GAP is APX-hard and a -approximation for it is implicit in the work of Shmoys and Tardos [26], and thus far, this was also the best known approximation for MKP. The main result of this paper is a polynomial time approximation scheme for MKP. Apart from its inherent theoretical interest as a common generalization of the well-studied knapsack and bin packing problems, it appears to be the strongest special case of GAP that is not APX-hard. We substantiate this by showing that slight generalizations of MKP are APX-hard. Thus our results help demarcate the boundary at which instances of GAP become APX-hard. An interesting aspect of our approach is a ptas-preserving reduction from an arbitrary instance of MKP to an instance with distinct sizes and profits.
Cross-reactive cellular and humoral immunity to carcinogen-induced chicken fibrosarcomas. I. Protective cross-immunity between transplantable tumor lines. (1985)

Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced transplantable fibrosarcomas in B2 homozygous chickens (SC line) grow progressively in normal chickens, but are rejected by chickens immunized previously with irradiated tumor cells and Corynebacterium parvum. Tumor-immune chickens resist challenge by the immunizing tumor lines as well as by some, but not all, fibrosarcoma lines. The pattern of cross-reactivity between four DMBA-induced transplantable tumor lines was examined in detail. Ability to reject a tumor challenge correlated very well (p less than 0.001) with the presence of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to that tumor. Immunization with one of two of the DMBA-induced lines tested also caused rejection of transplantable tumors developed from methylcholanthrene-induced and benzo(a)pyrene-induced primary fibrosarcomas. Although immunization with tumor caused DTH to chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), immunization with CEF failed to cause protective immunity or DTH to tumors. Presence of protective immunity, where tested, also correlated with the ability of spleen cells from immune donors to inhibit tumor growth in Winn tests. Humoral immunity exhibited even greater cross-reactivity than did cellular immunity. Distinct patterns of cross-reactivity were nevertheless observed with respect to the serum antibodies as detected in ELISA. Two of these patterns were also observed in several sera from primary tumor-bearing chickens, both including reactivity with CEF. Such reactivity was absent from normal chicken sera.
Effects of increased vertical dimension on size of constriction port and fricative sound intelligibility (1980)

The effect of increased vertical bite dimension on fricative sound productions was studied in five adults who wore dentures. Oral port size and sound intelligibility were evaluated at different degrees of artificially induced open bite. The data demonstrate that rapid compensatory adjustments occurred and oral port size changed minimally at all degrees of opening tested. However, in three of the subjects, sound intelligibility declined at the 6-mm opening, and in all subjects, a four-fold increase in sound distortions occurred in the edentulous state. This finding suggests the possibility that either physiological parameters are controlled more successfully than acoustical parameters or that compensatory efforts to maintain constrictor size may, under certain circumstances, adversely affect sound intelligibility.
A Density Functional Theory Study for the Hydrogen-Bonded Nucleic Acid Base Pair:  Cytosine Dimer (2005)

Theoretical investigation for the geometric and energetic properties, rotational constants, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and binding energies of nucleic acid base pair, cytosine dimer, are carried out by using the density functional theory method. The dimer structures resulting from both the keto and the enol (cis/trans) tautomers are investigated in the present study. Various isomers are considered to find the stable structures of the cytosine dimer. The planar cytosine dimer, K-K3 with C2h symmetry, resulting from nonplanar keto tautomers, is found to be thermodynamically most stable out of the four different stable isomers and having the highest binding energy value, 19.51 kcal/mol (including basis set superposition error correction). The vibrational frequency analysis also suggests a red shift of 367.97 cm(-1) for the hydrogen-bonding K-K3 symmetric dimer with two hydrogen bond lengths, each of length 1.913 angstroms. Moreover, charge distribution (ChelpG charges), Laplacian electronic density distribution, and the dimerization equilibrium for the most stable dimer, K-K3, have also been investigated using the same method and the basis set.