gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B0‐fluctuation‐induced temporal variation in EPI image series due to the disturbance of steady‐state free precession (2000)

-state free precession (SSFP) can develop under a train of RF pulses, given the condition TR < T 2 . SSFP in multi-shot imaging sequences has been well studied. It is shown here that serial single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisition can also develop SSFP, and the SSFP can be disturbed by B 0 fluctuation, causing voxel-wise temporal variation. This SSFP disturbance is predominantly present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regions due to the long T 2 value. By applying a sufficiently strong crusher gradient in the EPI pulse sequence, the temporal variation induced by SSFP disturbance can be suppressed due to diffusion. Evidence is provided to indicate that physiological motions such as cardiac pulsation and respiration could affect the voxel-wise time courses through the mechanism of SSFP disturbance. It is advised that if the disturbance is observed in serial EPI images, the crusher should be made stronger to eliminate the unwanted temporal variation.
A system for field performance assessment of a speech recognition based telephone service (2002)

A data collection and analysis system has been designed, developed, and deployed as an integral part of VoiceDialing service, in order to measure the "true" recognition performance of the service in the field and other statistics, and to identify potential areas of improvement. The data collection system collects relevant training, recognition data and timing information, in addition to utterance recordings, on selected lines. Complementing the collection system, the data analysis system provides the capability to study, analyze and classify the collected data, to display and listen to collected utterances, generate statistics and enter analysis results in a database. A graphical user interface enhances the analysis system providing easy access to the database, and simplifying the analysis process. Methods used in measuring field recognition performance are presented, along with field results. A system, using field collected and analyzed data to test recognizers is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Neurobiology of Nociceptive and Anti-nociceptive Systems (2005)

Pain is both a sensory event of the peripheral and central nervous systems and an experience that arises from, and reciprocally can affect processes of higher consciousness. Alterations in peripheral and central neuraxes can lead to sensitization, structural modification and long-term potentiation that can overcome modulatory influence(s) and change the non-linear adaptability of these systems to a progressively linear, pathologic state with a diverse constellation of clinical signs and symptoms. Recent progress in molecular biology, neurochemistry and neuroanatomy has led to significant advancement in understanding the interactive roles of these heterogeneous systems in mediating and modulating various types of pain. This review concisely provides an overview of the structure and function of these substrates. As we reach the midpoint in a decade marked by pain control and research, such knowledge is critical to further both a more comprehensive appreciation of the phenomenon that is pain, and the development of therapeutic interventions that are innovative and effective.
Laser spectroscopy (1984)

Abstract Lasers arrived in 1960, but systematic spectroscopy with lasers had to wait for the discovery of the tunable variety, nearly ten years later. Then came an explosion of activity out of which some representative examples are assembled here. Doppler-free techniques and their application to the fine structure of hydrogen are important instances of ultra-high resolution work using highly-stabilized lasers and of the contributions of laser spectroscopy to fundamental physics. Measurement of the frequency of visible light leads inexorably to the fixing of a value for the speed of light and to the declaration that an independent standard of length shall no longer be necessary. The tunable variety of short-pulse laser extends the bounds of quantum-beat spectroscopy, while the combination of ion-detectors with tunable lasers allows the study of very highly excited, bound states and resonant structures above the series limit for atoms in strong magnetic fields. The review concludes with an account of a newly-discovered, Doppler-free effect, not yet fully understood.
Melatonin Sensitizes H1975 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Harboring a T790M-Targeted Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation to the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib (2014)

Our findings demonstrate that melatonin acts as a potent chemotherapeutic agent by sensitising to gefitinib TKI-resistant H1975 cells that harbour a EGFR T790M mutation.
Introduction:<i>The Wealth of Nations</i>and National Wealth (2002)

Rulers, businesses, and scholars have long searched out the causes of wealth. Unfortunately, most of the globe's denizens remain pitifully poor, a threat to the economic and physical security of the prosperous few. One of the most influential books ever written, Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, provided a robust explanation of the causes of economic growth (increased real per capita gross domestic product or GDP), an explanation that the world would do well to study more closely. Some of the intricacies of Smith's thought regarding the financial underpinnings of wealth still elude many theorists and policy makers. Currently, a handful of scholars are explaining and expounding some of those intricacies in the hope that Smith's financial ideas will be put into practice in more places around the globe.
Protective effect of cannabidiol on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells (2016)

Cannabidiol, a major component of marijuana, protects nerves, and exerts antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and anti‑anxiety effects. In the current study, the protective effect of cannabidiol was observed to prevent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells. Nucleus pulposus cells were isolated from rats and cultured in vitro, and H2O2 was used to construct the nucleus pulposus cell model. Cell viability of the nucleus pulposus cells was assessed using a 3‑(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The ratio of apoptotic cells, and caspase‑3 or cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) mRNA expression was analyzed by annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium‑iodide staining and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The quantities of interleukin (IL)‑1β and interleukin‑6 were measured using a series of assay kits. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression levels were analyzed using western blotting. The present study identified that cannabidiol enhanced cell viability and reduced apoptosis in H2O2‑treated nucleus pulposus cells in vitro using a lumbar disc herniation (LDH) model. In addition, cannabidiol reduced caspase‑3 gene expression and augmented the Bcl‑2 protein expression levels in the nucleus pulposus cells following H2O2 exposure. Pre‑treatment with cannabidiol suppressed the promotion of COX‑2, iNOS, IL‑1β and IL‑6 expression in the nucleus pulposus cells following H2O2 exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that cannabidiol potentially exerts its protective effect on LDH via the suppression of anti‑apoptosis, anti‑inflammation and anti‑oxidative activities in nucleus pulposus cells.
Inkjet printed resistive strain gages on flexible substrates (2016)

In this paper, resistive strain gages designed and fabricated in inkjet printing technology with three different silver nanoparticle inks are presented. Inks have different Ag content (15, 20 or 25 wt%) and solvents (water type or organic type). Strain gages were printed on a 50 ?m thick polyimide and 140 ?m thick PET-based substrate with different printer types (professional and desktop). All printed sensors have the same size (17 mm ? 5 mm). To determine the change of resistance due to bending of the steel beam, tensile tests were performed up to 1500 microstrains. Due to performed cycles of loading and unloading of the steel beam, gauge factor and stability of the response of the strain gages are measured. Resistance change was measured with Keithley SourceMeter 2410. For acquisition of measured data, in-house software tool was developed. Measured gauge factors of the sensors are in the range between 1.07 and 2.03 (depending on a used ink, substrate and printer). Results of this research indicate the strain gages with good GF can be produced even with low-cost equipment, such as desktop printer EPSON C88+ and PET-based substrate.
[Ribosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection]. (1994)

16s and 23s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were amplified form E. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32P] dATP by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rDNA. rDNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as Hind III, EcoRI, BamHI, Bgl I, et al. Results showed rDNA fingerprinting of E. cloacae strains isolated from 10 patients with nosocomial infection was the same as that from other sources. It suggested E. cloacae causing this outbreak was originated from one genetic clone, and its source of infection was the tubes and humidifying bottles for oxygenation. rDNA fingerprinting technique is accurate, reliable, specific and repeatable, and will plays important roles in identification and classification of bacteria, tracking the source of transmission of nosocomial infection.
Anticoagulant evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives derived from benzimidazole (2015)

In the present study, a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (4a-4k) derived from benzimidazole were evaluated for ex vivo anticoagulant activity. The anticoagulant study was performed for increase in prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at a test dose of 25 mg kg-1. The results of ex vivo anticoagulant evaluation revealed that the tested compounds 4a-4k exhibited moderate increase in PT with respect to acenocoumarol (1 mg kg-1) employed as reference drug for increase in PT. While the compounds 4a-4k exhibited minimal increase in aPTT in comparison to unfractionated heparin (500 IU kg-1) employed as reference drug for increase in aPTT. Compounds, 4c, 4b and 4k exhibited substantial anticoagulant activity with increase in PT 32 ± 0.7, 36 ± 0.5 and 41 ± 0.4 s, respectively to that of the reference drug acenocoumarol (48 ± 0.5 s).
Automatic Threshold Setting for the Sequential Similarity Detection Algorithm (1976)

This correspondence presents a method for automatic setting of both constant and increasing thresholds to be used with the sequential similarity detection algorithm (SSDA) for a fast registration of digitized images. No a priori knowledge of image statistics is required. The usefulness of the method is proven in the cloud tracking.
Active Force Control Applied to Spray Boom Structure (2013)

Distribution pattern of spray boom in fields is affected by several parameters which one of the important reasons is horizontal and vertical vibrations because of unevenness surfaces. Spray boom movements lead to decrease of spread efficiency and crop yield. Generally, active suspension is employed to control and attenuate the vibration of sprayer booms because these suspensions reduce the high frequency vibration of spray booms thanks to irregularities soil. In this research, a proportional-integral-derivative controller with active force control is used to remove undesired rolling of spray boom. Simulation results depict that the proposed scheme is more effective and accurate than PID control only scheme. The AFC based scheme shows the robustness and accuracy compared to the PID controller.
Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in mild human hypertension. (1990)

There is substantial evidence for increased sympathetic nerve activity in young, mildly hypertensive humans. This evidence has been derived mainly from measurements of plasma catecholamines and from responses to adrenergic antagonists and agonists in normotensive and mildly hypertensive subjects. In addition, in recent studies direct measurements of sympathetic nerve activity to the muscle circulation have been obtained by microneurography. These data also indicate that sympathetic nerve activity is increased in young, mildly hypertensive humans. The present paper reviews this work with microneurographic measurements and highlights several concepts. (1) The increases in sympathetic nerve activity to the muscle in mild hypertension are not a result of impairment in the inhibitory influence of arterial baroreceptors; presumably, they reflect a heightened central nervous system sympathetic drive. (2) In the supine position the inhibitory influence of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on sympathetic nerve activity is increased in mild hypertension. This increase in cardiopulmonary baroreflex control buffers the heightened sympathetic neural drive in mildly hypertensive subjects in the supine position, but withdrawal of this increase during orthostatic stress produces exaggerated reflex sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses to orthostasis in mildly hypertensive subjects. (3) Arterial chemoreceptor reflexes are increased in mildly hypertensive subjects and lead to exaggerated increases in sympathetic nerve activity during hypoxia. (4) There is increasing evidence that two humoral agents, epinephrine and insulin, exert excitatory effects on sympathetic neural outflow, which may contribute to the increased sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in human hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Evaluation of Two Years of Clinical Experience with Ketoconazole (1980)

The results of treatment with ketoconazole of 1,104 patients in Europe and the Americas with superficial or deep mycoses are presented. Clinical and mycologic responses to treatment were measured. One dose of ketoconazole daily was highly effective in the treatment of superficial mycoses, including chronic mucocutaneous candidosis, caused by dermatophytes and yeasts. Of the deep mycoses, the highest response rates were in paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. Ketoconazole was moderately effective in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis, chromomycosis, and aspergillosis but had little or no effect in aspergilloma or mycetoma. Preliminary data are available for systemic candidosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, blastomycosis, lobomycosis, and infection due to Alternaria species. The lengths of treatment necessary for cure are as follows: vaginal candidosis, three to five days; oral thrush, one to two weeks; pityriasis versicolor and dermatomycoses caused by yeasts, one to six weeks (median, three); dermatomycoses caused by dermatophytes, two to eight weeks (median, four); mycoses of hair and scalp, one to two months; paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, one to six months (median, two); and onychomycosis and chronic mucocutaneous candidosis, one to 12 months (median, five). The response to ketoconazole seemed to be independent of the response to other antifungal drugs and associated immune suppression. Diabetes mellitus seemed to reduce responsiveness of deep mycoses but not of superficial mycoses to ketoconazole. Preliminary data from four studies of patients with cancer indicate that ketoconazole prevents mycotic infections in patients with impaired host defenses and reduces the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Ketoconazole was well tolerated, and no abnormalities in hematologic or biochemical indexes were noted.
Using Doppler Logs for Safer DP in drilling (2005)

The paper describes the need for multiple, independent sources of measurement for use in dynamic positioning (DP). It examines some of the problems of existing solutions and proposes using Doppler log velocity measurements as an alternative, independent source of position information. The inclusion of the velocity measurements into the Kalman filter formulation is outlined and some of the problems that had to be overcome are described. Simulation results are presented to show the potential of the proposal and these are supported by data gathered from a full-scale vessel.
Do altering in ornithine decarboxylase activity and gene expression contribute to antiproliferative properties of COX inhibitors? (2003)

Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) participate in growth control; COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most cells, and COX-2 is an inducible enzyme in response to cellular stimuli. An induction of COX-2 found in neoplastic tissues results in increased cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, activation of angiogenesis, and decreased immune responsiveness. Although both COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors are suppressors of cell proliferation and appear to be chemopreventive agents for tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms mediating antiproliferative effect of COX inhibitors are still not well defined. This study contrasts and compares the effects of aspirin and celecoxib, inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2, in rat hepatoma HTC-IR cells. The following were assessed: cell proliferation and apoptosis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, and pattern expression of three immediate-early genes, c-myc, Egr-1, and c-fos. We have shown that the treatment of hepatocytes in vitro with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, was associated with induction of apoptosis and complete inhibition of cellular proliferation. Aspirin exhibited a small antiproliferative effect that was not associated with apoptosis. Treatment with celecoxib produced dose- and time-dependent decrease in ODC activity. In addition, at higher drug concentration the decrease in ODC activity was greater in proliferating than in resting cells. Much lesser inhibitory effect on ODC activity was observed in aspirin-treated cells. The two COX inhibitors did not change c-myc expression, significantly decreased the expression of Egr-1, and differentially altered expression of c-fos; aspirin did not change, but celecoxib dramatically decreased the levels of c-fos-mRNA. Our study revealed that celecoxib and aspirin share the ability to inhibit ODC activity and alter the pattern of immediate-early gene expression. It seems that some of the observed effects are likely to be related to COX-independent pathways. The precise mechanisms of action of COX inhibitors should be defined before using these drugs for cancer chemopreventive therapy.
Research on Assessment System of Green Building (2008)

Several main domestic and foreign green building assessment systems have been analyzed and compared in detail viewed from the object,contents,mechanism and assessment method.Economic assessment system of green building is presented and established.
100 kHz Homodyne, 35 GHz Reflection-Cavity Spectrometer with Phase-Lock of the Reference Signal and Low Frequency Field Modulation (1967)

A 35 GHz, reflection-cavity type microwave spectrometer is described. We use a 35 GHz ferrite modulator in the signal arm to produce a double sideband (±100 kHz) suppressed carrier signal to reduce the 1/f microwave crystal noise. Solid metal cavities and low frequency modulation of the externally applied magnetic field are used to reduce leakage from the cavity, thereby reducing susceptibility to microphonics and allowing more freedom in the choice of cavity modes suitable for a wide variety of experiments with metallic or dielectric samples. This instrument employs a 35 GHz ferrite phase shifter to phase lock the microwave signal in the reference arm of the bridge for observation of absorption signals An analogous scheme for phase-locking at dispersion signals is also suggested. A narrow passband, low noise, active filter, with a Q factor of approximately 106, is used as part of a feedback loop around the 100 kHz receiver. This minimizes the possibility of saturation of the receiver due to less than critical coupling to the microwave cavity. Practical advantages of the present unit in low temperature spectroscopy, particularly with regard to helium bubbling and helium level change, are stressed. Comparative sensitivity tests of this unit with the standard 200 Hz magnetic field modulation systems show that, at cavity power levels smaller than 5 mW, a factor of ten improvement can be attained. At higher microwave power levels the improvement available is hampered by microphonics in the bridge. The theoretical analysis of the microwave bridge operation, of various key components, and of the electronic system is presented in the text and in the appendices.
Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy (2016)

Phytocompounds have been used in cosmeceuticals for decades and have shown potential for beauty applications, including sunscreen, moisturizing and antiaging, and skin-based therapy. The major concerns in the usage of phyto-based cosmeceuticals are lower penetration and high compound instability of various cosmetic products for sustained and enhanced compound delivery to the beauty-based skin therapy. To overcome these disadvantages, nanosized delivery technologies are currently in use for sustained and enhanced delivery of phyto-derived bioactive compounds in cosmeceutical sectors and products. Nanosizing of phytocompounds enhances the aseptic feel in various cosmeceutical products with sustained delivery and enhanced skin protecting activities. Solid lipid nanoparticles, transfersomes, ethosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes are some of the emerging nanotechnologies currently in use for their enhanced delivery of phytocompounds in skin care. Aloe vera, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, vitamins C and E, genistein, and green tea catechins were successfully nanosized using various delivery technologies and incorporated in various gels, lotions, and creams for skin, lip, and hair care for their sustained effects. However, certain delivery agents such as carbon nanotubes need to be studied for their roles in toxicity. This review broadly focuses on the usage of phytocompounds in various cosmeceutical products, nanodelivery technologies used in the delivery of phytocompounds to various cosmeceuticals, and various nanosized phytocompounds used in the development of novel nanocosmeceuticals to enhance skin-based therapy.