gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chemist at work. XVIII. Research in an agricultural experiment station (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemist at work. XVIII. Research in an agricultural experiment stationCharles H. Hunt Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1938, 15, 6, 281Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1938Published inissue 1 June 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/ed015p281RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The isolation of activin from ovine amniotic fluid (1994)

During a study of the levels of inhibin and follistatin in ovine amniotic fluid, we noted that although detectable levels of immunoactive inhibin and follistatin were found throughout gestation, the addition of amniotic fluid to a rat anterior pituitary cell culture resulted in a stimulation, rather than the expected suppression, of FSH concentrations. These data suggested the possibility that activin was present in amniotic fluid. We, therefore, set out to isolate the molecules responsible for this activin-like activity and determine their structure. Amniotic fluid, collected from pregnant sheep between 120-140 days gestation, was used as starting material in the purification and diluted in parallel to a human activin-A standard in the activin RIA employed to monitor the purification. A total pool of 7.4 liters amniotic fluid was processed by dye affinity chromatography, hydrophobic interactive chromatography, gel filtration, and a series of reverse phase HPLC steps. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fractions from the final HPLC step, which showed both activin immunoactivity and bioactivity, revealed a band with a mol wt of 25.3 kilodaltons (kDa), which reduced to 15.8 kDa, and a minor band of 45 kDa, which reduced to 25 kDa. NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of several active fractions from the same region were identical to the known sequence of ovine activin-A. The identification of immunoactive activin, follistatin, and inhibin in amniotic fluid raises the question of the sites of production of these proteins and their interactions and role in fetal physiology.
Factor Separation in Numerical Simulations (1993)

A simple method is developed for computing the interactions among various factors influencing the atmospheric circulations. It is shown how numerical simulations can be utilized to obtain the pure contribution of any factor to any predicted field, as well as the contributions due to the mutual interactions among two or more factors. The mathematical basis for n factors is developed, and it is shown that 2n simulations are required for the separation of the contributions and their possible interactions. The method is demonstrated with two central factors, the topography and surface fluxes, and their effect on the rainfall distribution for a cyclone evolution in the Mediterranean.
Sp1 and p73 activate PUMA following serum starvation (2008)

p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) plays an essential role in p53-dependent apoptosis following DNA damage. PUMA also mediates apoptosis independent of p53. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of PUMA induction in response to serum starvation in p53-deficient cancer cells. Following serum starvation, the binding of Sp1 to the PUMA promoter significantly increased, whereas inhibition of Sp1 completely abrogated PUMA induction. p73 was found to be upregulated by serum starvation and mediate PUMA induction through the p53-binding sites in the PUMA promoter. Sp1 and p73beta appeared to cooperatively activate PUMA transcription, which is inhibited by the phosphoinsitide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of PUMA suppressed serum starvation-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Our results suggest that transcription factors Sp1 and p73 mediate p53-independent induction of PUMA following serum starvation to trigger apoptosis in human cancer cells.
ICDAR 2009 Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition (2009)

This paper describes the Online Arabic handwritingrecognition competition held at ICDAR 2009. This firstcompetition uses the ADAB-database with Arabic onlinehandwritten words. This year, 3 groups with 7 systems areparticipating in the competition. The systems were tested onknown data (sets 1 to 3) and on one test dataset which is unknownto all participants (set 4). The systems are comparedon the most important characteristic of classification systems,the recognition rate. Additionally, the relative speedof the different systems were compared. A short descriptionof the participating groups, their systems, the experimentalsetup, and the performed results are presented.
Kinetic Control in the Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Hexabenzotriphenylene. A Conformational Study (2000)

The hitherto unisolated, thermodynamically unstable C(2)-symmetric conformer of hexabenzotriphenylene (1) has been efficiently synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of 9, 10-didehydrophenanthrene (4). The barriers to conformational interconversion of 1 are examined experimentally and by computational studies.
Multiple fundamental frequency estimation using Gaussian smoothness (2008)

The goal of a polyphonic music transcription system is to extract a score from an audio signal. A multiple fundamental frequency estimator is the main piece of these systems, whereas tempo detection and key estimation complement them to correctly extract the score. In this work, in order to detect the fundamental frequencies that are present in a signal, a set of candidates are selected from the spectrum, and all their possible combinations are generated. The best combination is chosen in a frame by frame analysis by applying a set of rules, taking into account the harmonic amplitudes and the spectral smoothness measure described in this work. The system was evaluated and compared to other works, yielding competitive results and performance.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Xerogels (2007)

Low-density xSiO2-(1-x)Al2O3 xerogels with x=0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6 (mole fractions) were prepared by sol-gel and non-supercritical drying. Silica alkogels, which were the framework of binary composite materials, formed from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) by hydrolytic condensation with a molar ratio of TEOS: H2O: alcohol: hydrochloric acid: ammonia =1: 4: 10: 7.5×10-4: 0.0375. Aluminum hydroxide derived from Al(NO3)3·9H2O and NH4OH acting in the alcohol solution under the condition of catalyst. After filtrating and washing, the precipitation was mixed into silica sols to form SiO2-Al2O3 mixed oxide gels with different silicon and aluminum molar ratio. The structural change and crystallization of the binary xerogels were investigated after heat treatment at 600 for 2 h by the means of X-ray diffraction. Nitrogen adsorption experiment was performed to estimate specific surface area, porous volume and pore size distribution. The structural change of xerogels was observed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The resulting mixed xerogels possess of mesoporous structure which is characteristic of cylindrical pores, high specific surface area of 596-863 m2/g and a relatively narrow pore distribution of 2.8-30 nm. Al2O3 is introduced into the SiO2 phase and some of Al-O-Si bonds form.
Volatility of aerosol at Mace Head, on the west coast of Ireland (1990)

Volatile properties of maritime and modified maritime aerosol were measured at the remote site at Mace Head (53°19′N, 9°54′W) on the west coast of Ireland, located on the eastern edge of the North Atlantic Ocean. The volatility measurements were made with a light‐scattering counter equipped with a temperature‐controlled heated inlet. The work extends the temperature range from 300°C to 850°C for the first time for aerosol volatility studies. Representative measurements made over the period of about a year show that the submicrometer particles with radius <0.2 μ m are highly volatile for the maritime aerosol and show temperature fractionation features of ammonium sulfate (or ammonium bisulfate). It is estimated that 85–95% of this size fraction (by volume) is composed of these sulfates. For the higher temperatures, temperature‐fractionation characteristics of sodium chloride are shown for the supermicron and also the submicron maritime particles. About 80% of the particle size interval of 0.3–1.5 μ m radius is composed of sodium chloride. The temperature profile curves for the modified maritime aerosol, which has made a partial traverse overland, do not display definitive features characteristic of known atmospheric constituents such as ammonium sulfate or sodium chloride, but rather properties indicative of mixtures of these species with other unknown constituents. For both airmasses, between about 5% and 30% (by volume) of the aerosol particles remain involatile at least up to a temperature of 850°C.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of a lysine-specific permease from<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2014)

The prokaryotic lysine-specific permease (LysP) belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) transporter superfamily. In the cell, members of this family are responsible for the uptake and recycling of nutrients, for the maintenance of a constant internal ion concentration and for cell volume regulation. The detailed mechanism of substrate selectivity and transport of L-lysine by LysP is not understood. A high-resolution crystal structure would enormously facilitate such an understanding. To this end, LysP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity by immobilized metal ion-affinity chromatography (IMAC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Hexagonal- and rod-shaped crystals were obtained in the presence of L-lysine and the L-lysine analogue L-4-thialysine by vapour diffusion and diffracted to 7.5 Å resolution. The diffraction data were indexed in space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 169.53, b = 169.53, c = 290.13 Å, γ = 120°.
Generating various levels of detail of architectural objects for image-quality and frame-rate control rendering (2002)

This paper presents a method for representing complex models with various levels of detail. It is based on a geometrical simplification algorithm applied to a hierarchical scene described by a rooted-tree structure. In order to control the resulting image quality and the computation time, we use two algorithms which allow to choose an adequate representation of the scene according to user-specified criteria.
Alternative splicing in C. elegans (2005)

Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for the generation of multiple isoforms of proteins. It can function to expand the proteome of an organism and can serve as a way to turn off gene expression post-transcriptionally. This review focuses on splicing and its regulation in C. elegans. The fully-sequenced C. elegans genome combined with its elegant genetics offers unique advantages for exploring alternative splicing regulation in metazoans. The topics covered in this review include constitutive splicing factors, identification of alternatively spliced genes, examples of alternative splicing in C. elegans, and alternative splicing regulation. Key genes whose regulated alternative splicing are reviewed include let-2, unc-32, unc-52, egl-15 and xol-1. Factors involved in alternative splicing that are discussed include mec-8, smu-1, smu-2, fox-1, exc-7 and unc-75.
Analysis of carrier-blocking effect in AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's with insulating external collector and design criteria for collector-up HBT's (1995)

Two-dimensional simulations of cutoff frequencies for AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's with perfectly insulating external collector are made, and the results are compared with those for a case with semi-insulating external collector and for a case with normal n/sup -/ external collector. It is found that in the case with perfectly insulating external collector, minority carriers injected into the base from the emitter are partially blocked by the insulating layer and accumulate in the external base region. These carriers increase the effective base delay time, resulting in remarkable degradation of the cutoff frequency. In relation to this effect, a collector-up HBT is also simulated, and the design criteria for it are discussed. It is concluded that the effective emitter width should be made narrower than the collector width.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A useful technique for specimen extraction from the thorax: the vacuum-packing method (2012)

Most thoracic surgeons have encountered a number of situations in which a specimen was too large to fit through a small intercostal incision. This report highlights a useful technique for specimen extraction from the thorax using a vinyl bag and a sucker. The sucker creates negative pressure, and the liquid and air components from the specimen are removed. The specimen can be deflated and removed from the thoracic cavity through the access incision. We call this method the 'vacuum-packing method'.
724. Crystal structures with a chabazite framework. Part IV. Reconnaissance of the chlorine complex (1964)

J. H. Fang and J. V. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3749 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003749
Exploiting set-level non-uniformity of capacity demand to enhance CMP cooperative caching (2010)

As the Memory Wall remains a bottleneck for Chip Multiprocessors (CMP), the effective management of CMP last level caches becomes of paramount importance in minimizing expensive off-chip memory accesses. For the CMPs with private last level caches, Cooperative Caching (CC) has been proposed to enable capacity sharing among private caches by spilling an evicted block from one cache to another. But this eviction-driven CC does not necessarily promote the cache performance since it implicitly favors the applications full of block evictions regardless of their real capacity demand. The recent Dynamic Spill-Receive (DSR) paradigm improves CC by prioritizing applications with higher benefit from extra capacity in spilling blocks. However, the DSR paradigm only exploits the coarse-grained application-level difference in capacity demand, making it less effective as the non-uniformity exists at a much finer level. This paper (i) highlights the observation of cache set-level non-uniformity of capacity demand, and (ii) presents a novel L2 cache design, named SNUG (Set-level Non-Uniformity identifier and Grouper), to exploit the fine-grained non-uniformity to further enhance the effectiveness of cooperative caching. By utilizing a per-set shadow tag array and saturating counter, SNUG can identify whether a set should either spill or receive blocks; by using an index-bit flipping scheme, SNUG can group peer sets for spilling and receiving in an flexible way, capturing more opportunities for cooperative caching. We evaluate our design through extensive execution-driven simulations on Quad-core CMP systems. Our results show that for 6 classes of workload combinations our SNUG cache can improve the CMP throughput by up to 22.3%, with an average of 13.9% over the baseline configuration, while the state-of-the-art DSR scheme can only achieve an improvement by up to 14.5% and 8.4% on average.
Comparison-based encryption for fine-grained access control in clouds (2012)

Access control is one of the most important security mechanisms in cloud computing. However, there has been little work that explores various comparison-based constraints for regulating data access in clouds. In this paper, we present an innovative comparison-based encryption scheme to facilitate fine-grained access control in cloud computing. By means of forward/backward derivation functions, we introduce comparison relation into attribute-based encryption to implement various range constraints on integer attributes, such as temporal and level attributes. Then, we present a new cryptosystem with dual decryption to reduce computational overheads on cloud clients, where the majority of decryption operations are executed in cloud servers. We also prove the security strength of our proposed scheme, and our experiment results demonstrate the efficiency of our methodology.
Helmut Hoelzer's Fully Electronic Analog Computer (1985)

A fully electronic general-purpose analog computer was designed by Helmut Hoelzer, a German electrical engineer and remote-controlled guidance specialist. He and an assistant built the device in 1941 in Peenemunde, Germany, where they were working as part of Wernher von Braun's long-range rocket development team. The computer was based on an electronic integrator and differentiator conceived by Hoelzer in 1935 and first applied to the guidance system of the A-4 rocket. This computer is significant in the history not only of analog computation but also of the formulation of simulation techniques. It contributed to a system for rocket development that resulted in vehicles capable of reaching the moon.
Functional specialization within the dorsolateral frontal cortex for serial order memory (1991)

Monkeys with lesions restricted to two anatomically distinct regions of the dorsolateral frontal cortex were tested on a novel task that was developed to assess memory for the order of occurrence of stimuli. Monkeys with bilateral lesions of the mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex (cytoarchitectonic areas 46 and 9) were severely impaired, whereas monkeys with lesions of the posterior region of the dorsolateral frontal cortex (area 8 and rostral area 6) performed as well as the normal control animals. These results show that the primate mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex is a critical component of a neural circuit underlying the monitoring of the serial order of stimuli.
Optimum Kinematic Design for a Seven Degree of Freedom Manipulator (1985)

oll axes of the forearm and hand, reducing by one the degrees of freedom. Singularities are manifested in inverse kinematic problems where it is desired to find joint velocities that correspond to desired hand velocities. Joint velocities ` and hand velocities x are related by the Jacobian matrix J: x = J ` where the 6-dimensional hand velocity x = ( p !) consists of a linear velocity vector p of some hand reference point and an angular velocity vector !, and where for an n degree of freedom manipulator ` = (` 1 ; : : : ; ` n ). The Jacobian J is square for a 6 degree of freedom arm, but becomes noninvertible at a kinematic singularity. Desired Cartesian motions at the singular config
De-mystifying OAIS compliance: Benefits and challenges of mapping the OAIS reference model to the GESIS Data Archive (2013)

De-mystifying OAIS compliance: Benefits and challenges of mapping the OAIS reference model to the GESIS Data Archive
Compressed Sensing Photoacoustic Imaging Based on Fast Alternating Direction Algorithm (2012)

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has been employed to reconstruct endogenous optical contrast present in tissues. At the cost of longer calculations, a compressive sensing reconstruction scheme can achieve artifact-free imaging with fewer measurements. In this paper, an effective acceleration framework using the alternating direction method (ADM) was proposed for recovering images from limited-view and noisy observations. Results of the simulation demonstrated that the proposed algorithm could perform favorably in comparison to two recently introduced algorithms in computational efficiency and data fidelity. In particular, it ran considerably faster than these two methods. PAI with ADM can improve convergence speed with fewer ultrasonic transducers, enabling a high-performance and cost-effective PAI system for biomedical applications.
Antioxidants Prevent the Cellular Deficit Produced in Response to Burn Injury (1996)

We studied the effect of water-soluble antioxidants on the cell energetics in multiple organs in rats in response to a 20% total body surface area third-degree burn injury. Liver, lung, and heart tissue were studied. Cell energetics were measured as tissue energy charge potential (ECP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and total adenine nucleotides. The enzymatic antioxidant catalase was used as a marker of endogenous cell antioxidant activity, especially to hydrogen peroxide. The water-soluble antioxidants glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin C were given orally beginning at the time of burn injury and for the 6-day study period. All rats were fluid resuscitated according to the Parkland formula. The mortality rate was 0% for this size burn. The ECP in lung, liver, and heart, was normal on day 1 after the burn injury. However, the ECP was significantly decreased from the controls in the liver by day 3, with a peak decrease at day 6 as inflammation increased. A decrease in the heart ECP occurred between day 3 and day 6. Total adenine nucleotides did not decrease, indicating the decrease in ECP to be the result of a decrease in ATP. ECP remained normal in the lung. Catalase was also decreased in the liver and the heart and remained at normal levels in the lung. The decrease in the liver and heart ECP and ATP was eliminated with the oral antioxidant administration after the burn injury. We conclude that a modest burn injury decreases cellular energy charge in the heart and liver not immediately after burn but 3 to 6 days later. The decrease in antioxidant activity precedes the decrease in ECP. The lung appears to be protected. Water-soluble antioxidants, given after burn injury, prevent the altered cell energetics-strongly suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship between increased oxidant release with inflammation, decreased antioxidant activity, and altered cell energetics.
The Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Sublimation of Five Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1974)

The vapor pressures over benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P), benzo[ghi]perylene (B[ghi]P), and coronene have been measured using the Knudsen effusion weight loss method. The parameters A and B in the equation log 10 [p(atm)] = -(A/T) + B and the enthalpies of sublimation in kcal mol −1 derived therefrom are respectively: B[a]A, 5925 ± 36, 10.045 ± 0.099, 27.12 ± 0.54; B[a]P, 6181 ± 32, 9.601 ± 0.083, 28.29 ± 0.51; B[e]P, 6220 ± 33, 9.736 ± 0.085, 28.46 ± 0.55; B[ghi]P, 6674 ± 40, 9.519 ± 0.093, 30.54 ± 0.55; coronene, 7100 ± 69, 9.110 ± 0.149, 32.49 ± 0.55. The errors shown for the A and B values are standard deviations and for the enthalpies of sublimation are estimates of total probable error.