gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Compressibility of Power Grid Models (2007)

The simulation of power distribution networks is a difficult task owing to the large number of elements and ports in such circuits. In this work, the authors elaborate on the compressibility of power grid models. For this purpose, two main options are available, namely sparse or hierarchical model representations of such systems and equivalent reduced order models. A proxy for comparison is the number of nonzero entries in system representation. The problem with model order reduction methods is the large number of ports of these networks, since the number of nonzero entries of the reduced model is, in general, proportional to the square of the number of ports. In this paper, the authors propose for the first time the utilization of a specific hierarchical model representation, in which a Cholesky decomposition of the system matrix can be efficiently computed and later used in the simulation phase. Results show that for higher problem sizes the hierarchical representation is more compact than the sparse representation, while the reduced order models are of no use.
Mechanism of Lithium Insertion in Different Kinds of Carbons (1998)

Abstract Effects of microtexture were analyzed using mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and two reference cokes heat-treated at 1000°C, a mesoporous saccharose coke and a lamellar anthracene coke. The electrochemical performance of MCMB heat-treated at 900°C (340mAh/g for the reversible capacity) are attributed to the specific microtexture of the beads, which are both lamellar (inner part) and mesoporous (outer part). The disorganised phase present at the surface of MCMB favors lithium sorption and further intercalation in the bulk. The electrochemical characteristics of saccharose coke were drastically changed by a mild oxidation at 450°C. The presence of oxygen at the surface plays an important role by enhancing lithium adsorption on surface sites prior to diffusion into the grains.
Unsupervised learning is crucial to learning the names of objects (2007)

Children learn to name the objects they see by forming general associations between the words they hear and the images arriving at their retina. Discriminative neural network models can also be taught to classify objects, but to do so they require more information about how images pair with words (i.e. supervised data) than the brain seems to receive. We propose that the brain exploits unsupervised learning on raw sensory input to compensate for the scarcity of supervised data in its environment. Here we show that artificial neural networks which first develop a statistical model of the world in an unsupervised fashion are capable of learning good image-word pairings using dramatically less supervised data. This idea may help to explain how the brain learns sensorimotor problems for which there is little feedback available about the success of selected actions.
Use of the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (2006)

Application of the MVSO for closure of selected PmVSDs seems to be a safe and effective treatment option.
Processing and characterization of nanometer sized copper sulfide particles (1999)

Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention in modern-day technology. In this article, sulfide nanoparticles of industrial interest are formed by the sol-gel process using metal chloride precursors dissolved in a mixture of silica gel and organic cellulose network followed by a chemical reaction with hydrogen sulfide gas. Particles are then heated in a vacuum oven. While scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to study their morphology and structure in the nanometer scale, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to understand the bonding chemistry and the stoichiometry of the sulfide particles as a function of H2S exposure and heat treatment. The results from this study are expected to show promising applications and production of other oxides, sulfides and their compounds using sol-gel synthesis are indicated.
3D Wireless Sensor Network Modeling and Simulation (2007)

research activity in WSN has supposed an important improvement in the technology of this networks. The design of wireless networks has always been focused on an specific point of view, networks in a bidimensional space. Nowadays this design is not enough and the study of the third dimension is needed. In this work we will see a study of three dimensional networks and their behaviour in so important aspects like cover, connectivity and energy consumption. The development of some models of transmission for the study of energy consumption and the results obtained in simulations of three dimensional networks are shown in the paper. We think that considering the desired efficiency of the network in all this different aspects we think there is a good beginning for the designers of 3D networks. There are also some conclusions obtained from the studies that can be useful for many different applications of this kind of networks. Key words ­ Wireless Sensor Network, Cover, Connectivity, Sink, Energy Consumption.
A somatic cell hybrid panel for pig regional gene mapping characterized by molecular cytogenetics (1996)

A panel of 27 pig x rodent somatic cell hybrids was produced and characterized cytogenetically. The first step of this study consisted of hybridizing a SINE probe to GTG-banded metaphases of each hybrid clone in order to count and identify the normal pig chromosomes and to detect rearranged ones. The second step consisted of using the DNA of each clone as a probe after pIRS-PCR (porcine interspersed repetitive sequence-polymerase chain reaction) amplification to highly enrich it in pig sequences. These probes, hybridized to normal pig metaphase chromosomes, enabled the identification of the complete porcine complement in the hybrid lines. Whole chromosomes and fragments were characterized quickly and precisely, and results were compared. In addition to this cytogenetic characterization, molecular verification was also carried out by using primers specific to six microsatellites and to one gene previously mapped to pig chromosomes. The results obtained allow us to conclude that we have produced a panel that is informative for all porcine chromosomes. This panel constitutes a highly efficient tool to establish not only assignments of genes and markers but also regional localizations on pig chromosomes.
A Study on Performance Evaluation of Multipath TCP Implementations (2017)

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) enables concurrent data transmissions over multiple wireless links aiming to achieve bandwidth aggregation and resilience enhancement. MPTCP is considerably software-based, hence it is expectedly evolved and emerged in the current and next generations of mobile wireless networks. The canonical and most important use case of MPTCP in mobile wireless is the scenario, in which a mobile device installed MPTCP uses two wireless links (i.e., LTE and Wi-Fi) for data transferring with an application sever. In this paper, we conduct a study of MPTCP performance in the such scenario, focusing on state-of-the-art implementations (i.e., balia, olia, lia, wvegas). First, we investigate the backward compatibility of MPTCP implementations in a single-path environment. The results show that wvegas is not well fit, while the others are compatible. Secondly, we evaluate the effects of Wi-Fi or LTE selection for the MPTCP first subflow's initialization on the overall performance. While the handshaking time is similar for all the MPTCPs, the throughput is largely different. Besides, the network selection largely causes the variation of MPTCP throughput (i.e., the throughput with Wi-Fi selection is more than 200% the one with LTE selection in the case of olia).
High Speed Deposition of Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> Films by Laser-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (2005)

Thick yttria (Y2O3) films were synthesized at high speeds by laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) using an Y(dpm)3 (dpm = dipivaloylmethanate) precursor. The effects of deposition conditions on the deposition rate and their microstructure were investigated. While the deposition rate was less than a few microns per hour at low laser powers (PL) less than 100 W, significantly high deposition rates of more than 200 μm/h (56 nm/s) were obtained at PL more than 160 W. The highest deposition rate in this study was 300 μm/h (83 nm/s) being 100 to 1000 times greater than those of conventional CVD processes. Deposited films were dense and isotropic with no preferred orientation showing cauliflower-like microstructure.
The new injector and storage ring for the MAX-laboratory (1999)

In December 1998 the FRN-The Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research-decided to fund a new injector and storage ring for the MAX-laboratory. The system will consist of a 50-MeV linac, a 600-MeV booster synchrotron, and a 600-MeV storage ring for VUV undulator beamlines. The system will replace an old 100-MeV racetrack microtron and will inject the two existing storage rings: the 550-MeV MAX I and the 1.5-GeV MAX II, as well as the new 600-MeV storage ring. The linac injector will also be designed with intentions to provide electrons for a future infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL) facility. The detailed design of the system began in January 1999 with a planned first beam in the summer of 2001.
<title>Prototype coprocessor for image algebra operations</title> (1993)

The logical architecture for this effort was developed at Wright Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has taken the design and reordered the data flow to allow a physical architecture to be prototypes using DSP chips, transputers, or VLSI. The design allows image algebra operations to be executed in a staged pipeline at nearly the same throughput as a memory to memory transfer. The control is by direct memory access from the host, in this case a SUN SPARC II. Reduce operations such as sum, maximum, and minimum are captured as by-products of the pipeline operation.
Etude de l’effet du vieillissement humide sur le comportement à l’impact d’un stratifié composite carbone-époxy (2013)

International audience
Dialogue processing in a conversational speech translation system (1996)

Attempts at discourse processing of spontaneously spoken dialogue face several difficulties: multiple hypotheses that result from the parser's attempts to make sense of the output from the speech recognizer, ambiguity that results from segmentation of multi-sentence utterances, and cumulative error -errors in the discourse context which cause further errors when subsequent sentences are processed.In this paper we will describe our robust parsers, our procedures for segmenting long utterances, and two approaches to discourse processing that attempt to deal with ambiguity and cumulative error.
Unusual copper-induced sensitization of the biological damage due to superoxide radicals. (1981)

The role of superoxide radicals in biological damage in the presence of copper(II) ions has been investigated. Solutions of purified penicillinase in phosphate buffer, saturated with either air N/sub 2/, N/sub 2/O, or N/sub 2/O/O/sub 2/, were..gamma..-irradiated in the presence and in the absence of formate. The residual activity of the enzyme in catalyzing the cleavage of the..beta..-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin, was then monitored. The results indicate that in metal-free systems only the primary water-derived radicals, H,e/sub aq/, and OH, contribute toward enzyme inactivation, while the secondary species O/sub 2/ and CO/sub 2/ do not. The effect of copper(II) ions on the radiation-induced damage depended on which of the active species was predominant. With OH radicals, no effect of copper was detected. The damage originating from e/sub aq/ and H radicals decreased with the addition of copper, presumably due to their trapping by the copper(II) ions. In contrast, with O/sub 2/ radicals predominant in the system, copper dramatically enhanced the damage. This copper-induced sensitization was further increased in the presence of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ and the dose modifying factor of copper exceeded 100, i.e. enchancement of the damage by two orders of magnitude, as compared with an oxygen enhancement ratiomore » of 2-3 generally found for molecular oxygen. This copper effect could be completely eliminated by EDTA. The present results suggest that the presence of both transition metal ions and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ and the binding of the metal ions to the target bimolecules are required for the manifestation.« less
3D analysis of synaptic vesicle density and distribution after acute foot‐shock stress by using serial section transmission electron microscopy (2016)

Behavioural stress has shown to strongly affect neurotransmission within the neocortex. In this study, we analysed the effect of an acute stress model on density and distribution of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles within medial prefrontal cortex. Serial section transmission electron microscopy was employed to compare two groups of male rats: (1) rats subjected to foot-shock stress and (2) rats with sham stress as control group. Two-dimensional (2D) density measures are common in microscopic images and are estimated by following a 2D path in-section. However, this method ignores the slant of the active zone and thickness of the section. In fact, the active zone is a surface in three-dimension (3D) and the 2D measures do not accurately reflect the geometric configuration unless the active zone is perpendicular to the sectioning angle. We investigated synaptic vesicle density as a function of distance from the active zone in 3D. We reconstructed a 3D dataset by estimating the thickness of all sections and by registering all the image sections into a common coordinate system. Finally, we estimated the density as the average number of vesicles per area and volume and modelled the synaptic vesicle distribution by fitting a one-dimensional parametrized distribution that took into account the location uncertainty due to section thickness. Our results showed a clear structural difference in synaptic vesicle density and distribution between stressed and control group with improved separation by 3D measures in comparison to the 2D measures. Our results showed that acute foot-shock stress exposure significantly affected both the spatial distribution and density of the synaptic vesicles within the presynaptic terminal.
Activation of the canonical IKK complex by K63/M1-linked hybrid ubiquitin chains (2013)

Polyubiquitin (pUb) chains formed between the C terminus of ubiquitin and lysine 63 (K63) or methionine 1 (M1) of another ubiquitin have been implicated in the activation of the canonical IκB kinase (IKK) complex. Here, we demonstrate that nearly all of the M1-pUb chains formed in response to interleukin-1, or the Toll-Like Receptors 1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, are covalently attached to K63-pUb chains either directly as K63-pUb/M1-pUb hybrids or indirectly by attachment to the same protein. Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase (IRAK) 1 is modified first by K63-pUb chains to which M1-pUb linkages are added subsequently, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and IRAK4 are also modified by both K63-pUb and M1-pUb chains. We show that the heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1 interacting protein (HOIP) component of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex catalyzes the formation of M1-pUb chains in response to interleukin-1, that the formation of K63-pUb chains is a prerequisite for the formation of M1-pUb chains, and that HOIP interacts with K63-pUb but not M1-pUb linkages. These findings identify K63-Ub oligomers as a major substrate of HOIP in cells where the MyD88-dependent signaling network is activated. The TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein (TAB) 2 and TAB3 components of the TAK1 complex and the NFκB Essential Modifier (NEMO) component of the canonical IKK complex bind to K63-pUb chains and M1-pUb chains, respectively. The formation of K63/M1-pUb hybrids may therefore provide an elegant mechanism for colocalizing both complexes to the same pUb chain, facilitating the TAK1-catalyzed activation of IKKα and IKKβ. Our study may help to resolve the debate about the relative importance of K63-pUb and M1-pUb chains in activating the canonical IKK complex.
Enhanced Photophysical Properties of Nanopatterned Titania Nanodots/Nanowires upon Hybridization with Silica via Block Copolymer Templated Sol-Gel Process (2010)

We fabricated titanium dioxide (TiO2)-silica (SiO2) nanocomposite structures with controlled morphology by a simple synthetic approach using cooperative sol-gel chemistry and block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly. Mixed TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel precursors were blended with amphiphilic poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) BCPs where the precursors were selectively incorporated into the hydrophilic PEO domains. Changing the volumetric ratio of TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel precursor from 5% to 20%, a stepwise structural inversion occurred from nanodot arrays to discrete nanowires. Template free hybrid inorganic nanostructures were produced after the removal of PS-b-PEO by irradiation of UV light. The morphological evolution and photophysical properties were investigated by microscopic studies, UV-visible absorption and photocatalytic properties.
Cross-linguistic Differences in Children’s Syntax for Locative Verbs (1999)

Learning a verb’s meaning and its associated syntactic structures pose a number of difficult problems for a learner. However, it is widely assumed that there are consistent correspondences between verb meanings and verb syntax, and that knowledge of these correspondences may provide important help to the
Pulsating power based on distributed elements (2002)

A novel approach to energy compression is described in this paper. The main principle for this approach is based on the fact that the time of appearance of a voltage pulse traveling on a channel (transmission line in this case), is directly proportional to the electrical length of the channel. Thus, if power pulses are fed into a group of transmission lines, sequentially, they may reach the end points simultaneously, if certain measures are taken. If the system is composed of m transmission lines, the difference in the electrical length from line to line should be T/m, where T denotes the period of the cycle. The output peak power will be m times higher than the input peak power, due to either a rise in voltage, in current, or a combination of both. The main features of that topology are: (a) The switching elements, the system consists of, need to withstand a much lower peak power than the output, compressed power, (b) The system can operate either at extremely high frequencies or with very short rise and decay times of rectangular pulses.
Ln1-xSrxMnO3 (Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm and Gd) as the Cathode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. (1999)

The perovskite type manganite systems, Ln1-xSrxMnO3 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd; 0.0≤x≤0.5) were studied as the electrode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) from the view point of applications to the co-firing process of the electrolyte and electrode at higher temperature. The reactivity tests with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), no reaction product appeared between the Ln1-xSrxMnO3 perovskite and YSZ even at a high annealing temperature of 1400°C when the lanthanoid elements were Pr, Nd and Sm and the Sr content was around 30% (x=0.3). The adjustment of the thermal expansion rate of Ln1-xSrxMnO3 to YSZ, around x=0.1-0.2 in La1-xSrxMnO3, 0.3 in Pr1-xSrxMnO3 and Nd1-xSrxMnO3 and more than 0.4 in Sm1-xSrxMnO3 and Gd1-xSrxMnO3. The electrical conductivity reached to 200 S/cm at 1000°C for all Ln0.7Sr0.3MnO3 systems. The polarization measurements as an air electrode showed no significant dependence on the kind of lanthanoid elements. In the point of the electrode activity, high electrical conductivity, and low reactivity and good compatibility with YSZ, Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3 are considered to be the most suitable electrode materials for the co-firing process.
Empirical Correlations from Waste Grout Formulation Data (1987)

Data correlations have demonstrated systematic relationships between important variables in hydrofracture grout formulation. The data are taken from an investigation to determine conditions for eliminating drainable water from the grout system. The two most important variables affecting drainable water are the amounts of Attapulgite-150 clay in the dry-solids blends and the ratios in which the blends are mixed with the waste. Empirical equations were developed relating (a) volume percent of drainable water, (b) time for free water adsorption, (c) weight percent of clay, (d) dry-blend liquid-waste mix ratio, (e) compressive strength, (f) weight percent of fly ash, and (g) pumping flow rate required for turbulent flow through 51-mm-i.d. pipe. The equations allow predictions of properties within the compositional range of the investigation from which the data were obtained. They also provide a relatively simple method that can be used to improve future test design, eliminate superfluous testing, decrease costs, and increase overall efficiency of individual investigations.
Long-Term Risk of Stroke After Transient Global Amnesia in Two Prospective Cohorts (2019)

Background and Purpose- Transient global amnesia (TGA) is known as a benign syndrome, but recent data from neuroradiological studies support an ischemic cause in some cases, which might suggest an increased susceptibility to cerebrovascular events. We determined the long-term risk of stroke after a first TGA in 2 independent prospective cohorts. Methods- In 2 independent prospective cohorts of patients with TGA (OXVASC [Oxford Vascular Study], population-based; NU (Northern Umbria) cohort, TGA registry), cardiovascular risk factors and long-term outcomes, including stroke and major cardiovascular events, were identified on follow-up. Cardiovascular risk factors were treated according to primary prevention guidelines. In OXVASC, the age-/sex-adjusted risk of stroke during follow-up was compared with that expected from the rate in the underlying study population. Results- Among 525 patients with TGA (425 NU and 100 OXVASC), mean (SD) age was 65.1 (9.5) years and 42.5% male. Hypertension (58.1%), dyslipidemia (40.4%), and smoking (36.4%) were the most frequent cardiovascular risk factors. The risk of stroke was similar in the 2 cohorts, with a pooled annual risk of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4-0.9) and a 5-year cumulative risk of 2.7% (1.1-4.3). Moreover, the stroke risk in OXVASC cases was no greater than that expected in the underlying study population (adjusted relative risk=0.73; 0.12-4.54; P=0.74). Conclusions- TGA does not carry an increased risk of stroke, at least when cardiovascular risk factors are treated according to primary prevention guidelines.
Efficacy and safety of tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical experience in the primary care setting (2006)

Overall, patients treated with tamsulosin in a primary care setting experienced rapid, significant improvement in their signs and symptoms of BPH, based upon the change in the AUA Symptom Score. Tamsulosin was well tolerated; no new safety concerns were observed. Tamsulosin was not associated with significant effects on blood pressure or first-dose hypotension.
Real Time Engine Quality Inspection System by Image Processing (1998)

The purpose of this research is to develop an integrated quality inspection system using machine vision technology in the automotive engine assembly process. The system makes it possible for the inspected data to be entered directly from the machine vision system into the developed system without the need for intermediate operations. Such direct entry enables prompt corrective actions against process problems. An IVP-150 machine vision board is installed an the PC for image processing, and a template matching technology is implemented to precisely verify quality factors. The developed system is successfully installed in a manufacturing process, and it showed robustness to the problems of noise, distortion, and orientation.