gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of fragility on enthalpy relaxation in glass (2008)

The macroscopic properties of a glass are continually relaxing toward their equilibrium supercooled liquid values. Experimentally, the shape of the relaxation function in a glass is known to depend on the fragility of the supercooled liquid. In this paper, we investigate the impact of fragility on the relaxation behavior of glasses in the enthalpy landscape framework. We show that the fragility of a supercooled liquid is a direct result of the interplay of enthalpic and entropic effects in the enthalpy landscape. Through proper adjustment of the transition barriers in an enthalpy landscape, the fragility of a system can be adjusted while maintaining the same glass transition temperature. By modeling a set of systems with identical glass transition temperatures but varying values of fragility, we show that supercooled liquid fragility has a significant impact on the enthalpy relaxation behavior of a glass. In particular, the magnitude of enthalpy relaxation decreases dramatically with increasing fragility. Finally, we discuss how in the limit of infinite fragility the glass transition becomes an ideal second-order phase transition where no relaxation is possible in the glassy state.
Evaluation of recombinant antigens for the measurement of antibodies to streptolysin O and streptococcal DNase B on the Beckman Coulter IMMAGE system and comparison with a method employing conventional antigens. (2004)

The performance of a newly devised method employing recombinant antigens for the determination of antibodies to streptolysin O and DNase B on the Beckman Coulter IMMAGE System was compared with a nephelometric assay using conventional antigens. Sera from 114 patients with or without evidence of streptococcal infection were analysed by the two techniques. The results obtained with the new method correlated well with those of the reference test. The sensitivity of a combination measurement of antibodies to streptolysin O and DNase B was higher than that obtained when measuring each parameter alone. Handling of the tests was easier on the Beckman Coulter IMMAGE System. In conclusion, the new test from Beckman Coulter for the measurement of antibodies to streptolysin O and DNase B performs well and equals measurements using conventional antigens on a nephelometer.
Associations Between Shear Strength of a Buried Surface Hoar Layer and Stratigraphic, Topographic and Vegetation Characteristics on a “Uniform” Slope (2006)

In this study we quantify 1) changes in spatial and aspatial characteristics of the shear strength of a buried surface hoar layer, and 2) identify characteristics in terrain, vegetation and snow stratigraphy that can help clarify some of the variation in shear strength. The study site is a relatively uniform 31 m by 31 m slope in southwest Montana. A local coordinate system linked terrain, vegetation and snow information.
The French functional physical therapy method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot (2011)

The French method, also called the functional physical therapy method, is a combination of physiotherapy, splinting and surgery à la carte. The French functional physical therapy method consists of daily manipulations of the newborn's clubfoot by a specialized physical therapist, stimulation of the muscles around the foot and temporary immobilization of the foot with elastic and nonelastic adhesive taping. Physiotherapy is optimized by early triceps surae lengthening. Sequences of plaster can also be used. If conservative treatment is no longer effective, surgery should be considered. Mini-invasive surgery is a complementary procedure to nonoperative treatment (surgery 'à la carte'). The French method reduces but does not eliminate the need for mini-invasive surgical procedures. Equinus is the most difficult deformity to treat; posterior release is sometimes necessary in a severe foot. Very severe feet (stiff-stiff; score, 16-20) are still a challenge. However, regular manipulations and splinting improve foot morphology and stiffness, and, ultimately, make surgery easier and less extensive. From the French method to the Ponseti method, the Hybrid method or the 'the third way', combining the advantages of both methods, is the future. The primary reason for relapses is the inability of families to maintain the correction initially achieved. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the French functional physical therapy method and to help understand how it has evolved over time.
Duloxetine Pharmacology: Profile of a Dual Monoamine Modulator (2002)

Dysregulation within central monoaminergic systems is believed to underlie the pathology of depression. Drugs that selectively inhibit the reuptake of central monoamines have been used clinically to alleviate symptoms of depressive illnesses. Duloxetine, a novel compound currently under investigation for the treatment of depression, binds selectively with high affinity to both norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) transporters and lacks affinity for monoamine receptors within the central nervous system. It has been suggested that dual inhibition of monoamine reuptake processes may offer advantages over other antidepressants currently in use. In preclinical studies, duloxetine mimics many physiologic effects of antidepressants. Consistent with other antidepressants, duloxetine, by acute administration, elevates extracellular monoamine levels, while by chronic administration it does not alter basal monoamine levels. Like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, by microiontophoretic application, duloxetine inhibits neuronal cell firing. However, in comparison with fluoxetine, duloxetine is a more potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Furthermore, in behavioral experiments, duloxetine attenuates immobility in forced swim tests in animal models of depression to a greater extent than several other commonly used antidepressants. In a six-week open label uncontrolled study, duloxetine was evaluated in patients with a history of depression. Duloxetine was effective in treating depression as determined by marked reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating scores. Adverse effects reported during duloxetine treatment were minor and similar to those of other antidepressants. In an eight-week multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with a major depressive disorder, duloxetine was effective as an antidepressant, particularly in patients with greater symptom severity. Only limited data are available regarding the pharmacokinetic profile of duloxetine in humans, although a half-life of 10 to 15 h has been reported. Studies conducted in healthy human subjects confirm the preclinical profile of duloxetine as an inhibitor of 5-HT and NE reuptake. Taken together, existing data suggest that duloxetine is a novel and effective antidepressant.
Mode-Locking in Broad-Area Semiconductor Lasers Enhanced by Picosecond-Pulse Injection (2004)

We present combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the picosecond emission dynamics of broad-area semiconductor lasers (BALs). We enhance the weak longitudinal self-mode-locking that is inherent to BALs by injecting a single optical 50-ps pulse, which triggers the output of a distinct regular train of 13-ps pulses. Modeling based on multimode Maxwell-Bloch equations illustrates how the dynamic interaction of the injected pulse with the internal laser field efficiently couples the longitudinal modes and synchronizes the output across the laser stripe. Thus, our results reveal insight into the complex interplay between lateral and longitudinal dynamics in BALs, at the same time indicating their potential for short optical pulse generation.
Molecular Modeling Study of the Carbohydrate Region of the Endotoxin from <i>Burkholderia cenocepacia</i> ET‐12 (2011)

Abstract In this work we define the solution conformation of the saccharide of a lipopolysaccharide molecule extracted from a clinical isolate strain of the human opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia . The conformational behavior has been explored by means of NMR spectroscopy, NOE‐based conformational analysis, molecular modeling (MM), and molecular dynamics (MD) studies. The results indicate a remarkable rigidity of the inner core region, ascribable to the structural motifs essential for bacterial surviving, which markedly contributes to the strength, stability, and rigidity of the cellular membrane. On the other hand, the monosaccharide residues extending from the inner core to the outer core region show significant flexibility and can be the target of recognition and binding of endogenous and host‐released proteins. This study sheds light on the three dimensional arrangement of Burkholderia LPS and is an important step toward developing a structure–function relationship analysis of the virulence factor that is responsible for the severe pathogenicity Burkholderia .
Discovery of Substituted 3,4‐Diphenyl‐thiazoles as a Novel Class of Monoamine Transporter Inhibitors Through 3‐D Pharmacophore Search Using a New Pharmacophore Model Derived from Mazindol. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Speech intelligibility in mosques (2008)

High speech intelligibility in mosques is an essential aim for any efficient sound system design. If the intelligibility levels are low, Praying and Preaching in such structures will loss the attention of the congregation. There are different ways to increase the intelligibility levels. The most traditional solution is to decrease the reverberation time by means of wall and carpet treatments �Passive Treatments�. More advanced solution is to use modern loudspeakers columns to increase the direct to reverberant field ratio �Active Treatment�. The big volumes and high ambient noise in mosques have made it necessary to enforce high intelligibility levels using modern sound reinforcement systems. In this work a real life example will be provided to show the influence of using directed loudspeakers columns in contrast to conventional sound sources. The improvement of intelligibility levels inside the main praying hall of Sheikh Zayid Mosque in Abu Dhabi using Digitally Controlled Sound Columns is demonstrated. The ability of such modern loudspeakers to address different praying modes is shown too.
CALL and language skills (2009)

A collection of journal articles and book chapters previously published between 1993 and 2007.
Sulphonamide-induced 'Thymineless Death' in Escherichia coli (1973)

Summary: The conditions for induction of thymine deficiency by sulphonamides and their effect on viability were investigated in Escherichia coli. In minimal medium, sulphonamides led to a slight decrease in the viable count over a prolonged length of time. This decrease was more pronounced in Casamino acid supplemented medium. Concentrations of as low as 1 μg/ml of sulphamethoxazole or some other sulphonamides killed up to 99.9% of bacteria within 4 h after manifestation of inhibition in media supplemented by Casamino acids and inosine. No strict relation was found between sulphonamide concentration and the number of surviving bacteria. In all experiments sulphonamides exerted their effects after a time lag of 3 to 4 h. Addition of thymidine prevented death. Effects similar to those in media containing Casamino acids and inosine were demonstrated in growth medium containing human blood. The possible role of this kind of action of sulphonamides in chemotherapy is discussed.
Russian High-Speed Software Development (2003)

High-speed software development uses a number of techniques to move software quickly into production. Examples of these techniques include prototyping for fast requirement definition, release-oriented project management for scope control, and parallel development for rapid product completion and quality control. These techniques are spreading rapidly among software developers worldwide. Using the Kline model of innovation diffusion and the Greiner model of evolution and growth of organizations we analyze the enablers and barriers to diffusion of high-speed software development techniques in Russia. This analysis reveals a complex interaction of political, economic and technical elements that both enable and inhibit the development of knowledge necessary to support this case of innovation diffusion.
A self optimizing synthetic organic reactor system using real-time in-line NMR spectroscopy (2014)

A configurable platform for synthetic chemistry incorporating an in-line benchtop NMR that is capable of monitoring and controlling organic reactions in real-time is presented. The platform is controlled <i>via</i> a modular LabView software control system for the hardware, NMR, data analysis and feedback optimization. Using this platform we report the real-time advanced structural characterization of reaction mixtures, including <sup>19</sup>F, <sup>13</sup>C, DEPT, 2D NMR spectroscopy (COSY, HSQC and <sup>19</sup>F-COSY) for the first time. Finally, the potential of this technique is demonstrated through the optimization of a catalytic organic reaction in real-time, showing its applicability to self-optimizing systems using criteria such as stereoselectivity, multi-nuclear measurements or 2D correlations.
Intracellular segregation of asialoglycoproteins and their receptor: a prelysosomal event subsequent to dissociation of the ligand-receptor complex. (1984)

Rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture rapidly internalized asialoglycoproteins and the receptors to which they are bound. Subsequent to endocytosis, the receptor-ligand complex is dissociated within an acidic endosome (Harford, J., K. Bridges, G. Ashwell, and R. D. Klausner, 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258:3191-3197; Harford, J., A. W. Wolkoff, G. Ashwell, and R. D. Klausner, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96:1824-1828). Here we show that addition of the proton ionophore monensin to the cells after dissociation has occurred results in intracellular rebinding of ligand molecules. With increasing time inside the cell, the ability of ligand to reassociate with receptor progressively decreases consistent with a segregation of receptor and ligand. The combination of colchicine and cytochalasin B appears to retard the process of segregation. In contrast, removal of sodium from the medium, while inhibiting degradation of ligand, does not affect the decrease in monensin-mediated rebinding. Nonetheless, both sodium deprivation and treatment with colchicine plus cytochalasin B result in the ligand remaining in a low density, nonlysosomal subcellular fraction. Thus, segregation, like dissociation, appears to occur in a pre-lysosomal endocytic compartment. Perturbation of the endocytic pathway by reduced temperature (18 degrees C) was also explored. Our data are consistent with two temperature-sensitive steps: receptor-ligand dissociation is inhibited and there is an independent temperature-sensitive step involved in delivery of ligand to lysosomes. This second effect was localized as being beyond the point in the pathway sensitive to sodium deprivation.
Charge transport across 45° asymmetrical grain boundary fabricated in YBa2Cu3O7−x films grown by the liquid phase epitaxy (2001)

We report on the electrical transport properties of 45° asymmetrical grain boundaries (GB's) fabricated in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x films grown by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). In total, about 15 samples have been studied. Similar to previous results obtained on bicrystals grown by various physical deposition (PVD) methods we found strong scattering of zero magnetic field critical current density. In striking contrast to PVD grown bicrystals selected LPE grown bicrystals demonstrate regular magnetic interference patterns suggesting better quality of the GB in LPE bicrystals compared to PVD samples.
LD-pumped passive Q-switched Nd:LuVO 4 laser (2006)

The absorption spectrum from 300 to 1000 nm and emission spectrum from 960 to 1450 nm of Nd:LuVO<sub>4</sub> crystal were measured. A LD-end-pumped passive Q-switched Nd:LuVO<sub>4</sub> laser was reported. With a Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber, the maximum average output power was measured to be 4.58 W, and the corresponding optical conversion efficiency was 24.0 %, with the pulse energy, peak power, and pulse width being 36.6 μJ, 436.2 W, and 84 ns, respectively.
Inhomogeneous Coherent Magnetization Rotation in Thin Magnetic Films (1962)

Reversal processes in a continuous, thin, uniaxial magnetic film have been studied. The applied field was produced by a narrow strip conductor laid over the film and parallel to its easy axis. A hysteresis loop technique is described for measuring the magnetization distribution under the strip. Gradual changes in the orientation of the magnetization over distances comparable to the strip width are reported. Internal demagnetizing fields are postulated as being significant in causing this distribution.
Heterocyclic derivatives formed from 2-alkoxyimino aldehydes and 1,2-disubstituted ethanes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic derivatives formed from 2-alkoxyimino aldehydes and 1,2-disubstituted ethanesLarry A. Sternson and Dominick A. CovielloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 4, 755–757Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00424a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00424a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
β‐Amyloid Peptide Interacts Specifically with the Carboxyl‐Terminal Domain of Human Apolipoprotein E (1999)

Growing evidence indicates the involvement of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the development of late-onset and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease, although its exact role remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) displays membrane-destabilizing properties and that only apoE2 and E3 isoforms inhibit these properties. In this study, we clearly demonstrate that the carboxy-terminal lipid-binding domain of apoE (e.g., residues 200-299) is responsible for the Abeta-binding activity of apoE and that this interaction involves pairs of apoE amphipathic alpha-helices. We further demonstrate that Abeta is able to inhibit the association of the C-terminal domain of apoE with lipids due to the formation of Abeta/apoE complexes resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On the contrary, the amino-terminal receptor-binding domain of apoE (e.g., residues 129-169) is not able to form stable complexes with Abeta. These data extend our understanding of human apoE-dependent binding of Abeta by involving the C-terminal domain of apoE in the efficient formation of apoE/Abeta complex.
Production and Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2003)

These data demonstrate that proMMP-2 is efficiently activated in the fibrovascular tissues of PDR, probably through interaction with MT1-MMP and TIMP-2, and suggest the possibility that the activity of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP is involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues.
1H, 13C, and 15N Backbone assignments of the human brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic (BAALC) protein (2020)

The brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic (BAALC; UniProt entry Q8WXS3) is a 180-residue-long human protein having six known isoforms. BAALC is expressed in either hematopoietic or neuroectodermal cells and its specific function is still to be revealed. However, as a presumably membrane-anchored protein at the cytoplasmic side it is speculated that BAALC exerts its function at the postsynaptic densities of certain neurons and might play a role in developing cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) when it is highly overexpressed by myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells. In order to better understand the physiological role of BAALC and to provide the basis for a further molecular characterization of BAALC, we report here the <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>15</sup>N resonance assignments for the backbone nuclei of its longest hematopoietic isoform (isoform 1). In addition, we present a <sup>1</sup>H<sup>N</sup> and <sup>15</sup>N<sup>H</sup> chemical shift comparison of BAALC with its shortest, neuroectodermal isoform (isoform 6) which shows only minor changes in the <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>15</sup>N chemical shifts.
Techniques of production and analysis of polarized x-ray synchrotron radiation (1991)

The use of the unique polarization properties of synchrotron radiationin the hard x-ray spectral region (<i>Ε</i> > 3 keV) is becoming increasingly important to many synchrotron radiation researchers. The radiation emitted from bending magnets and conventional (planar) insertion devices (IDs) is highly linearly polarized in the plane ofthe particle's orbit. Elliptically polarized x rays can also be obtained by going off axis on a bending magnet source, albeit with considerable loss of flux. The polarization properties of synchrotron radiation can be further tailored to the researcher's specific needs through the use of specialized insertion devices such as helical and crossed undulators and asymmetrical wigglers. Even with the possibility of producing a specific polarization, there is still the need to develop x-ray optical components that can manipulate the polarization for analysis and further modification of the polarization state. A survey of techniques for producing and analyzing both linear and circular polarized x rays will be presented with emphasis on those techniques that rely on single-crystal optical components.
Heterogeneity and Compartmentalization of <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> f. sp. <i>hominis</i> Genotypes in Autopsy Lungs (2001)

The extent and importance of genotype heterogeneity of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis within lungs have not previously been investigated. Two hundred forty PCR clones obtained from respiratory specimens and lung segments from three patients with fatal P. carinii pneumonia were investigated to detect genetic diversity in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rRNA operon, the mitochondrial large-subunit (mtLSU) rRNA gene, and the dihydropteroate synthase-encoding gene. For two of the three examined patients, a mixture of different mtLSU rRNA and ITS genotypes was observed. Not all genotypes present in the lungs at autopsy were detected in the diagnostic respiratory samples. Compartmentalization of specific ITS and mtLSU rRNA sequence types was observed in different lung segments. In conclusion, the interpretation of genotype data and in particular ITS sequence types in the assessment of epidemiological questions should be cautious since genotyping done on respiratory samples cannot a priori be assumed to represent all genotypes present within the lung.