gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ICONE15-10877 NOBLE METAL INJECTION DURING POWER OPERATION FOR BWR CRACK MITIGATION AND DOSE RATE REDUCTION (2007)

NobleChem^<TM> is a technology that has been accepted by the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) industry as a means to lower ECP with low hydrogen addition, thus satisfying the criteria needed for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mitigation. Currently, 31 operating BWRs have applied NobleChem^<TM> and the total cumulative NobleChem^<TM> experience is about 180 reactor operating years. The conventional NobleChem^<TM> technology requires the injection of a mixture of platinum and rhodium chemicals into the reactor at a lower temperature of 115 to 143℃, and takes about 60 hours of critical path time. Recently, GE developed and implemented a more effective new generation On-Line NobleChem application (OLNC) that can be employed while the BWR is operating at full power, and hence eliminates the costly critical path time requirement. Furthermore, the OLNC application is not outage related, is transparent to plant operations, and requires the use of platinum chemical only. The first OLNC application was completed in a European BWR in July 2005 followed by a second OLNC application in the same plant in January 2006. The application was successfully completed with no increase in operating dose rates, no impact on plant operations and no unexpected changes to water chemistry parameters. This paper presents the application results, the encouraging drywell dose rate results and the shroud ultrasonic (UT) crack growth rate observations following OLNC application.
A detailed study of monolithic contacts and electrical losses in a large‐area thin‐film module (2005)

Abstract A study of the electrical losses of thin‐film modules is presented. Using the electrical circuit simulator PSpice, the influence of the distributed series resistance of the top and the bottom contact of the active area and the influence of the monolithic contact area on the module performance was revealed and demonstrated. A large impact of the distributed series resistance of transparent conducting oxide layer on the module performance was analysed. Study of the monolithic contact area shows a crucial impact of the back‐contact separation cut on the module performance. All other regions that form the monolithic contact contribute significantly to the width of the dead area region in a module. An application of the CIGS‐based study of the monolithic contact on an a‐Si/μc‐Si module is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signaling Pathway Activities Improve Prognosis for Breast Cancer (2017)

Abstract With the advent of high-throughput technologies for genome-wide expression profiling, a large number of methods have been proposed to discover gene-based signatures as biomarkers to guide cancer prognosis. However, it is often difficult to interpret the list of genes in a prognostic signature regarding the underlying biological processes responsible for disease progression or therapeutic response. A particularly interesting alternative to gene-based biomarkers is mechanistic biomarkers, derived from signaling pathway activities, which are known to play a key role in cancer progression and thus provide more informative insights into cellular functions involved in cancer mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that pathway-level features, such as the activity of signaling circuits, outperform conventional gene-level features in prediction performance in breast cancer prognosis. We also show that the proposed classification scheme can even suggest, in addition to relevant signaling circuits related to disease outcome, a list of genes that do not code for signaling proteins whose contribution to cancer prognosis potentially supplements the mechanisms detected by pathway analysis.
All-optical differential equation solver with constant-coefficient tunable based on a single microring resonator (2014)

Abstract Photonic integrated circuits for photonic computing open up the possibility for the realization of ultrahigh-speed and ultra wide-band signal processing with compact size and low power consumption. Differential equations model and govern fundamental physical phenomena and engineering systems in virtually any field of science and engineering, such as temperature diffusion processes, physical problems of motion subject to acceleration inputs and frictional forces and the response of different resistor-capacitor circuits, etc. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a feasible integrated scheme to solve first-order linear ordinary differential equation with constant-coefficient tunable based on a single silicon microring resonator. Besides, we analyze the impact of the chirp and pulse-width of input signals on the computing deviation. This device can be compatible with the electronic technology (typically complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology), which may motivate the development of integrated photonic circuits for optical computing.
Ride Comfort Simulation Based on the Vibration Characteristics of the Two-Mass System of Vehicle Body and Wheels (2009)

This paper builds a ride comfort simulation model based on the vibration of the two-mass system of vehicle body and wheels and simulates the vibration characteristics of the model by using simulation software MATLAB/simulink. The vehicle ride comfort is evaluated by comparison of the system parameters, such as natural frequency of vehicle body, damping ratio of body kits, mass ratio of vehicle body to wheels, stiffness ratio of suspension to tire and the like. Then the main factors influencing the vehicle ride comfort is obtained and taken into consideration during the design and development, and thus the vehicle performance is optimized.
Automatic Facial Skin Defect Detection System (2010)

Skin analysis is one of the most important procedures before medical cosmetology. Most conventional skin analysis systems are semi-automatic. They often require human intervention. In this study, an automatic facial skin defect detection approach is proposed. The system first detects human face in the facial image. Based on the detected face, facial features are extracted to locate regions of interest. Then, a pattern recognition approach is applied to detect facial skin defects, such as spots and wrinkles, in the regions of interest. For a specific kind of defect, a classifier is designed to provide higher performance for recognition. Using few features extracted from the region of interest, the proposed approach can successfully detect the skin defects. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Electrochemical Growth and Control of ZnO Dendritic Structures (2007)

The dendritic crystal growth patterns that typically grow along principal crystallographic axes and have the hierarchical structure have been attracting much attention from scientists for several centuries. Here we report that the ZnO dendritic nanostructure as a new member of the ZnO family could be successfully prepared on Cu substrates by electrochemical deposition in the solution of ZnCl2 + citric acid at a temperature of 90 °C. Furthermore, our synthetic parameters allow further structural manipulation. The morphology evolvement from dendritic structures to nanorods could be successfully realized when KCl as supporting electrolyte was added to the deposition solution. The green light emission band of the ZnO dendritic structure prepared in 0.05 M ZnCl2 + 0.05 M citric acid is almost negligible, indicating that these ZnO deposits are highly crystallized and of excellent optical quality. The PL spectra of the as-grown ZnO nanorods show they possess many oxygen vacancies, and the acquired ZnO nanorods have a potential application in sensors.
Identifying Functional Connectivity in Large-Scale Neural Ensemble Recordings: A Multiscale Data Mining Approach (2008)

Identifying functional connectivity between neuronal elements is an essential first step toward understanding how the brain orchestrates information processing at the single-cell and population levels to carry out biological computations. This letter suggests a new approach to identify functional connectivity between neuronal elements from their simultaneously recorded spike trains. In particular, we identify clusters of neurons that exhibit functional interdependency over variable spatial and temporal patterns of interaction. We represent neurons as objects in a graph and connect them using arbitrarily defined similarity measures calculated across multiple timescales. We then use a probabilistic spectral clustering algorithm to cluster the neurons in the graph by solving a minimum graph cut optimization problem. Using point process theory to model population activity, we demonstrate the robustness of the approach in tracking a broad spectrum of neuronal interaction, from synchrony to rate co-modulation, by systematically varying the length of the firing history interval and the strength of the connecting synapses that govern the discharge pattern of each neuron. We also demonstrate how activity-dependent plasticity can be tracked and quantified in multiple network topologies built to mimic distinct behavioral contexts. We compare the performance to classical approaches to illustrate the substantial gain in performance.
Introduction to Computational Biology: An Evolutionary Approach (2006)

Optimal Pairwise Alignment.- Biological Sequences and the Exact String Matching Problem.- Fast Alignments: Genome Comparisons and Database Searches.- Multiple Sequence Alignment.- Sequence Profiles and Hidden Markov Models.- Gene Prediction.- Phylogeny.- Sequence Variation and Molecular Evolution.- Genes in Populations: Forward in Time.- Genes in Populations: Forward in Time.- Genes in Populations: Backward in Time.- Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses.- Bioinformer CD.- Probability and Statistics.- Molecular Biology Figures and Tables.- Resources.- Answer to Exercises.- References.- Glossary.- Index
Antenna System Supporting Multiple Frequency Bands and Multiple Beams (2008)

A multiband antenna system supporting multiple communication services and multiple beams is presented. Key component of the antenna is the smooth-walled horn that has efficient radiation patterns over three frequency bands that are spread over an octave bandwidth and provides optimal illumination on the reflector at all the frequency bands. Results of the feed horn and the antenna are discussed.
The knockout switch under nonuniform traffic (2003)

A novel high-performance packet-switching architecture, called the knockout switch, has been recently proposed. It is a nonblocking, cost-effective switch suitable for broadband packet switching. The authors give equations which can be used to derive the packet loss probability and investigate the knockout switch under various uniform traffic patterns. They also compare the knockout switch with the multistage switch under various nonuniform traffic patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Implementation of Policy-based Network Management System (2003)

With the development of the present network management,the role and status of policybased network management(PBNM) is discussed in this paper.Moreover,an implementation of policybased network management system is proposed.Especially,the infrastructure for expressing policies and the technology of baseline analysis is emphasized.
Automated real-time capture of anaesthetic drug administration data using a computer, some standard peripheral devices and a simple robotic syringe-handling device (2004)

Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
The [<i>KIL-d</i>] Element Specifically Regulates Viral Gene Expression in Yeast (2000)

The cytoplasmically inherited [KIL-d] element epigenetically regulates killer virus gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [KIL-d] results in variegated defects in expression of the M double-stranded RNA viral segment in haploid cells that are "healed" in diploids. We report that the [KIL-d] element is spontaneously lost with a frequency of 10(-4)-10(-5) and reappears with variegated phenotypic expression with a frequency of > or =10(-3). This high rate of loss and higher rate of reappearance is unlike any known nucleic acid replicon but resembles the behavior of yeast prions. However, [KIL-d] is distinct from the known yeast prions in its relative guanidinium hydrochloride incurability and independence of Hsp104 protein for its maintenance. Despite its transmissibility by successive cytoplasmic transfers, multiple cytoplasmic nucleic acids have been proven not to carry the [KIL-d] trait. [KIL-d] epigenetically regulates the expression of the M double-stranded RNA satellite virus genome, but fails to alter the expression of M cDNA. This specificity remained even after a cycle of mating and meiosis. Due to its unique genetic properties and viral RNA specificity, [KIL-d] represents a new type of genetic element that interacts with a viral RNA genome.
An overview of C++ (1986)

article Free Access Share on An overview of C++ Author: Bjarne Stroustrup AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New JerseyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 21Issue 10Oct. 1986 pp 7–18https://doi.org/10.1145/323648.323736Published:01 June 1986Publication History 48citation2,142DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations48Total Downloads2,142Last 12 Months887Last 6 weeks95 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Purification and characterization of a common soil component which inhibits the polymerase chain reaction (2000)

DNA prepared from soil usually contains a brown-tinted inhibitor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which limits the sensitivity of this technique for specific detection of microorganisms. To localize the inhibitor, soil fractions were tested for their inhibitory effect on the PCR reaction. A highly inhibitory activity, sufficient to account for the inhibition typically exhibited by soil DNA, was found to be tightly associated with the soil microorganism fraction. After cell breakage, the inhibitory material became soluble, and was not separable from DNA by standard purification procedures. A method was derived by which most of the inhibitory material could be selectively solubilized from the microorganism fraction without cell breakage, using successive washes with buffers differing in EDTA concentration. This technique was used to isolate a substance with characteristics suggesting that it is the major PCR inhibitor contaminating DNA purified from soil. It was found to be an organic, water-soluble compound of high molecular weight, and was present in a variety of soil types from different locations. It was found to be distinctly different in its solubility properties from humic and fulvic acids, and also in its FT-IR and NMR spectra. It forms a complex with protein and may inhibit the PCR reaction by an interaction with Taq DNA polymerase.
Surface thermometry by laser-induced fluorescence of Dy<sup>3+</sup>:YAG (2002)

Abstract A novel, non-intrusive, high spatial and temporal resolution thermal imaging system, based on the fluorescence properties of a dysprosium doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Dy 3+ :YAG) thermographic phosphor, has been developed. In this system, the phosphor coating on the test surface is excited by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The resulting fluorescent emission of the temperature sensitive 456nm transition and that of the temperature independent 496nm transition, are acquired using a pair of image-intensified charged coupled device cameras. The ratio of the acquired emissions is then correlated to temperature. The Dy:YAG phosphor displays temperature sensitivity in the range of 295–l,350K (with possibility up to 1,800K). Temperature measurements obtained from the surface of a disk heated by an impinging jet, demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for general heat transfer studies involving significant unsteadiness and transient phenomena.
Java ME Clients for XML Web Services (2015)

Using Web services in developing applications has many advantages like the existence of standards, multiple software platforms that support them, and many areas of usage. These advantages derive from the XML and Web technologies. This paper describes the stages in the development of a Web service client for Java ME platform and presents examples based on kSOAP and JSR 172.
Bonding between the cesium cation and substituted benzoic acids or benzoate anions in the gas phase: A density functional theory and mass spectrometric study (2009)

Substituent effects on the formation of cesium cation complexes with a series of 17 benzoic acids (AH), benzoates (A – ), and the ion pairs (Cs + A – ) are studied by density functional theory (DFT) and mass spectrometry. This study is positioned in the context of the fate of cesium in the environment, with emphasis of the influence of natural organic matter and humic substances. The bond length Cs + -(carboxylic O) in the various adduct geometries are discussed as regards the interaction strength, but quantitative relationships are limited by secondary effects arising mostly from long-distance interactions in systems bearing polar groups in meta-position. Relative cesium cation affinities of [Cs + A – ] were experimentally determined by the kinetic method, i.e. by dissociating the required cesium cluster formed by electrospray ionization in a quadrupole ion-trap. Experiments and calculations are in agreement, except for the adducts derived from 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. A change in the localization of the negative charge is proposed as a possible explanation for the divergence.
The Looming Threat of Bioterrorism (1999)

Biological weapons have recently attracted the attention and the resources of the nation. Discerning the nature of the threat of bioweapons as well as appropriate responses to them requires greater attention to the biological characteristics of these instruments of war and terror. The dominant paradigm of a weapon as a nuclear device that explodes or a chemical cloud that is set adrift leaves us ill-equipped conceptually and practically to assess and thus to prevent the potentially devastating effects of bioterrorism. Strengthening the public health and infectious disease infrastructure is an effective step toward averting the suffering that could be wrought by a terrorist's use of a biological agent.
L-Carnitine dissimilation in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat (1984)

Results of previous studies in this laboratory and others have suggested that L-carnitine is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat, perhaps by the action of indigenous flora. L-[methyl-14C]Carnitine was administered to rats either orally or intravenously in doses of 86 nmol or 124 mumol, and expired air, 48-h urine and fecal collections, and selected tissues at 48 h after isotope administration were examined for radiolabeled carnitine and metabolites. Urine and feces of rats receiving oral L-[methyl-14C]carnitine consistently contained two radiolabeled metabolites which were identified as trimethylamine N-oxide (primarily in urine) and gamma-butyrobetaine (primarily in feces). In these rats, these metabolites accounted for up to 23% and 31% of the administered dose, respectively. By contrast, for rats receiving intravenous L-[methyl-14C]carnitine or germ-free rats receiving the isotope orally or intravenously, virtually all of the radioactivity recovered was in the form of carnitine. Analyses for 14CO2 and [14C]trimethylamine in expired air revealed little or no (less than 0.1% of dose) conversion to these compounds, regardless of size of dose or route of administration. Results of this study demonstrate conclusively that L-carnitine is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat and that indigenous flora are responsible for these transformations.
Syntheses and properties of cured epoxy resins containing the perfluorobutenyloxy group. I. Epoxy resin cured with perfluorobutenyloxyphthalic anhydride (1984)

Abstract Perfluorobutenyloxyphthalic anhydride (PFPA) has been synthesized as a new curing agent for epoxy resins, and the properties of epoxy resin cured with PFPA have been investigated. Good PFPA synthesis yields were realized by a dehydrating ring closure of perfluorobutenyloxyphthalic acid, which was obtained through the reaction of hexafluoropropene trimers with 4‐hydroxyphthalic acid. Epoxy resin cured with PFPA was found to have several excellent properties. Its boilding water absorption was 0.45%, which is about a one‐fourth that for conventionally cured epoxy resin. Its heat resistance was excellent, and its critical surface tension was almost the same as for PTFE.
New electromigration validation: Via Node Vector Method (2010)

Electromigration (EM) is a traditional reliability concern, aggravated recently due to intense shrinking of wire sizes and the increase in the number of interconnections on a system-on-chip (SoC). Thereby, it challenges the state-of-the-art in design, physics, process and CAD processes. To that regard, we propose a new EM check method named Via Node Vector method. The conventional EM check ignores the lead EM interaction in circuits and only checks the local current densities. The new method addresses the EM interactions and checks the EM reliability at the lead connection sites (called via node). It converts the electrical current density of each lead into an effective current density for the EM interaction consideration. For this, we introduce three new factors: length (FL), width (FW), and interaction (FB). The effective current density divergence at a via node is derived as an addition of the effective current densities of all the interacting leads, which is a close proxy to represent the physical atomic flux divergence at the via node. This divergence at a via node can then be readily compared with the technology EM spec. The proposed method is successfully applied to 28nm node IPs and shows up to ~4X higher safe operating frequency than the conventional method allows. Additionally, it successfully identifies risky sites missed by conventional check. The Via Node Vector Method will provide higher performance with reliability in designing advanced digital and analog circuits.
Affordances and Environmentally Significant Behavior (2012)

In this paper, we apply design-by-affordance methodology to the problem of environmentally significant behavior. Affordances, as originally formulated, represent opportunities for action offered by a product. Subsequent work explored the use of affordances, defined as context-dependent relations between artifacts and users, in lieu of functions as a basis for design. While others have also developed detailed deductive methods of discovering affordances in products, we present affordance listing as an expedient technique for inductively discovering relevant affordances. We also present affordance transfer, a method for redesigning products to encourage environmentally significant behavior. We conclude by discussing insights gained from applying our two approaches.