gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Influence of Cationic Surfactant Chemical Additives on Wax Deposition (2006)

Abstract Wax deposition studies were carried out to investigate the modification of wax crystals when gas oil was doped with some polymeric surfactant chemical additives. These additives were synthesized via esterification of chloroacetic acid and different alcohols to corresponding esters that were quaternized with polytriethanol amine and polyvinylpyridine to give polycationic surfactants. The surface activities of these polymers were evaluated using standard methods. Properties such as pour point depression data and average carbon number were studied. The behavior of the mixtures of the prepared surfactants on the depression of pour point was determined. The results given indicated that these additives are good surfactants and low temperature improvers for gas oil.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Comparisons of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota Compositions of a Group of Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Their Healthy Siblings (2011)

Although only poorly documented, it can be assumed that intensive antibiotic treatments of chronic lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) also affect the diversity and metabolic functioning of the gastrointestinal microbiota and potentially lead to a state of dysbiosis. A better knowledge of the differences in gut microbiota composition and stability between patients with CF and healthy subjects could lead to optimization of current antibiotic therapies and/or development of add-on therapies. Using conventional culturing and population fingerprinting by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA amplicons, we compared the predominant fecal microbiota of 21 patients with CF and 24 healthy siblings in a cross-sectional study. General medium counts, as well as counts on media specific for lactic acid bacteria, clostridia, Bifidobacterium spp., Veillonella spp., and Bacteroides-Prevotella spp., were consistently higher in sibling samples than in CF samples, whereas the reverse was found for enterobacterial counts. DGGE fingerprinting uncovered large intersubject variations in both study groups. On the other hand, the cross-sectional data indicated that the predominant fecal microbiota of patients and siblings had comparable species richness. In addition, a longitudinal study was performed on 7 or 8 consecutive samples collected over a 2-year period from two patients and their respective siblings. For these samples, DGGE profiling indicated an overall trend toward lower temporal stability and lower species richness in the predominant fecal CF microbiota. The observed compositional and dynamic perturbations provide the first evidence of a general dysbiosis in children with CF compared to their siblings.
Observation of the Coma cluster of galaxies with ROSAT during the all-sky-survey. (1992)

The Coma cluster of galaxies was observed with the position sensitive proportional counter (PSPC) during the ROSAT all sky survey. We find evidence for substructure in this cluster. Diffuse X-ray emission is detected from the regions of the NGC 4839 and 4911 subgroups at 6 percent and 1 percent of the total cluster emission respectively. There may be emission associated with the NGC 4874 and 4889 subgroups as well. The NGC 4839 group appears to be in the process of merging with the cluster. These X-ray data show that at least some of the groups previously found in projection are in fact physical objects possessing potential wells deep enough to trap their own X-ray gas. Because of the unlimited field of view of the all sky survey and the low background of the PSPC, we were able to measure the azimuthally averaged surface brightness of Coma out to approximately 100 arcmin, twice as far as was previously possible. Given the validity of our mass models, these new X-ray data imply that within 5/h(50) Mpc the binding mass of the Coma cluster is 1.8 +/- 0.6 x 10 exp 15/h(50) solar mass, and the fraction of cluster mass contained in hot gas is 0.30 +/- 0.14h(50) exp -3/2. Furthermore, the binding mass is more centrally concentrated than is the X-ray gas.
Dip-slide: an aid to quantitative urine culture in general practice. (1967)

BD1CALJOURNAL 343 areas of old infarction. This figure is in close agreement with that of He offered no pathological explana- tion for 64 out of 142 cases (45%) which were classified as "' primary " heart block. In the present post-mortem series 21 out of 53 cases (40%) were due to bundle branch fibrosis. The pathological basis of primary heart block is therefore bilateral bundle-branch fibrosis; the cause remains unknown, but it is certainly not due to coronary artery disease.
Characterization of sua7 mutations defines a domain of TFIIB involved in transcription start site selection in yeast. (1994)

The SUA7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the general transcription factor TFIIB. SUA7 was identified based on the ability of mutations at this locus to shift transcription start site selection at the cyc1 gene downstream of normal. Here, we report the nature of these mutations; the sua7-1 and sua7-2 alleles encode identical E62K replacements, and sua7-3 encodes an R78C replacement. Both Glu-62 and Arg-78 are phylogenetically invariant and occur within the most highly conserved region of TFIIB, immediately distal to a zinc finger motif. A double E62K,R78C mutant was constructed and exhibited the same phenotypes associated with the single mutants, including cold sensitivity and altered start site selection, suggesting that Glu-62 and Arg-78 are functionally related. This observation, and the opposite charge of the 2 residues, suggested that Glu-62 and Arg-78 might interact to form a salt bridge. This was tested by constructing reciprocal E62R and R78E replacements. The E62R mutant is phenotypically identical to the E62K mutant, whereas the R78E mutant is inviable. However, an E62R,R78E double mutant was not only viable but is phenotypically similar to the single mutants. These results define the highly conserved sequence adjacent to the zinc finger of TFIIB as a critical determinant of start site selection and suggest that an Glu-62-Arg-78 salt bridge is an important structural element of that domain.
Relationship between systolic time interval measurements and the extent of regional ventricular asynergy in coronary artery disease. (1981)

Systolic time interval (STI) measurements were made in 44 patients with coronary artery disease: 38 had regional left ventricular (LV) asynergy, and the remaining 6 had normal ventricular contraction patterns on left ventricular angiography. There was a significant correlation between both the preejection period (PEP) (r = 0.70) and the PEP/LVET (LV ejection time) ratio (r = 0.66), with the extent of regional ventricular dysfunction measured quantitatively on the left ventricular angiogram (P less than 0.001). A PEP/LVET ratio greater than 0.50 was associated with ventricular asynergy involving more than 40% of the LV circumference at end diastole. STI measurements also correlated with ejection fraction but not with ventricular end diastolic pressure nor with the number of obstructed coronary arteries.
Bulk Processing in Distributed Logic Memory (1965)

Use of a content-addressable memory as a highly parallel digital computer is described. The ability to perform any arithmetic operation on many sets of data at the same time is shown. The memory organization and the storage of data are such that many operations are performed parallel by bit as well as parallel by word, resulting in more efficient algorithms and shorter execution times. Consideration of the limitations of a linear memory array in performing such operations leads to the description of a more efficient organization, called the two-dimensional distributed logic memory. The efficiency of this form in the bulk processing of data is illustrated by a number of algorithms for basic data processing operations, including matrix inversion.
De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing in Anopheles funestus Using Illumina RNA-Seq Technology (2010)

We developed a pipeline that makes de novo transcriptome sequencing possible in virtually any organism at a very reasonable cost ($6,300 in sequencing costs in our case). We anticipate that our approach could be used to develop genomic resources in a diversity of systems for which full genome sequence is currently unavailable. Our An. funestus contig set and analytical results provide a valuable resource for future studies in this non-model, but epidemiologically critical, vector insect.
[Diagnostic value of studying the indicators of blood lipid composition and the status of intravascular microcirculation in patients with diabetes mellitus associated with ischemic heart disease]. (1988)

A comprehensive study of blood lipid composition and microcirculatory indices was performed in 88 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with coronary heart disease (CHD). A "syndrome" of mutual aggravation was shown to develop in the combination of DM and CHD. As a result of it the above indices were changed depending on clinical signs of each of the two diseases. Lipid metabolic and microcirculatory derangements depended mostly on a degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. a DM type, the presence of diabetic angiopathies and CHD gravity.
A fast and flexible approach to oligonucleotide probe design for genomes and gene families (2007)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assembly and reliability characterization of 3D chip stacking with 30&#x03BC;m pitch lead-free solder micro bump interconnection (2010)

Recently, the three-dimensional chip stacking technology with fine pitch and high input/output interconnects has emerged due to the requirements of multi-function and high performance in electronic devices. When the electronic packaging technology develops toward the miniaturization trend, the reliability of interconnect with fine pitch and high density solder bump interconnections will become a critical issue in advanced 3D chip stacking technology. In this study, assembly of chip-on-chip test vehicle with a micro bump pitch of 30 μm was demonstrated and the joint reliability was also evaluated. The Si chip/carrier used in this study had more than 3000 micro bumps with Sn2.5Ag solder material. Ni/Cu under bump metallurgy layer (UBM) was selected on both the top and bottom chip. 3D chip stacking was achieved by thermo-bonding and subsequently underfill dispensing for fine gap filling was also conducted with different kinds of underfills. The temperature cycling test was performed on the chip-on-chip stacking module over 1000 cycles. In addition, with the joint size becoming small, the current for each solder bump carried continues to increase. This leads high current flowing in each individual joint. Therefore, electromigration has become a major reliability issue in microelectronic devices. In this study, electromigration in SnAg solder micro bump with a pitch of 30 μm was investigated under 0.12 A at 135°C. Electromigration characteristics of fine pitch micro bump was discussed with the microstructure evolution of micro bump during current stressing. The assembly of 3D stacking chip using two layers of chip with fine pitch and lead-free interconnects was achieved in this study. The results of reliability test showed that the reliability of fine pitch solder micro bump interconnections was acceptable under mechanical and electrical evaluations.
Generation of cell lines with tetracycline‐regulated autophagy and a role for autophagy in controlling cell size (2006)

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation system. We established mouse fibroblast lines coupling the Tet-off system with an Atg5(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast line to artificially regulate autophagic ability. In the presence of doxycycline (Dox), Atg5 expression was completely suppressed and these cells were autophagy-defective. After removal of Dox, autophagic ability was restored within 6h. Very low levels of Atg5 could induce an autophagy competent state. We applied this novel system to examine the contribution of autophagy to controlling cell size. Cell size reduction in response to starvation was significantly inhibited in cells unable to undergo autophagy. The generated cell lines will be useful reagents for future mechanistic studies into the regulation and physiologic significance of autophagy.
A 3D hierarchical porous α-Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/graphite nanosheet composite as an electrode material for supercapacitors (2013)

Supercapacitors are the most promising energy storage devices by virtue of high power density, long cycle life, short charging time and environmental benignity. In order to enhance the energy density, rate capability and cycle stability for supercapacitors, a α-Ni(OH)2/graphite nanosheet composite is prepared via a homogeneous precipitation method. The morphology and microstructure of the as-prepared composite are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It is demonstrated that after introducing the graphene oxide nanosheets into α-Ni(OH)2, a 3D hierarchical porous structure of fine α-Ni(OH)2 nanocrystals as building blocks is formed directly on the matrix of graphite nanosheets in the presence of urea as a mild reducing agent. The electrochemical performance of the as-prepared α-Ni(OH)2 and α-Ni(OH)2/graphite nanosheet composites as electro-active materials for supercapacitors is investigated by a galvanostatic charge–discharge method. As expected, the as-prepared α-Ni(OH)2/graphite nanosheet composite exhibits large specific capacitance, good rate capability and long cycle stability as compared to the pure α-Ni(OH)2. Apparently, the unique structure of fine α-Ni(OH)2 nanocrystals fabricated on the matrix of graphite nanosheets is responsible for the improvement of the reaction kinetics and subsequent electrochemical performance of the composite.
ROADRAILER HITS THE BIG TIME (1994)

SUBTITLE: AFTER NEARLY FOUR DECADES OF UPS AND DOWNS, ROADRAILER -- AND BIMODAL TECHNOLOGY -- IS GAINING WIDER ACCEPTANCE IN THE WORLDWIDE INTERMODAL MARKETPLACE.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Requiring Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Growth: Isolation and Properties (1972)

A procedure is described for selection of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting fatty-acid synthesis based upon radiation suicide of wild-type organisms by tritiated acetate selectively incorporated into fatty acids. At 37 degrees , two of the mutants extensively incorporate fatty-acid supplements provided in the medium, and grow for extended periods only when a trans-unsaturated or a combination of saturated and cis-unsaturated fatty acids is available. In vivo fatty-acid synthesis, measured by [(14)C]acetate incorporation, is temperature-sensitive in these strains relative to protein synthesis and other non-lipid macromolecular syntheses using acetate. The biochemical nature of these mutations has not been identified.
Antegrade Transsphenoidal Vidian Neurectomy: Short-Term Surgical Outcome Analysis (2011)

The transsphenoidal approach in a vidian neurectomy is a simple method that removes the need for sphenopalatine artery ligation and causes less surgical morbidity. However, the possibility of recurrence of this condition in the long term needs further investigation.
Greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand agriculture: issues, perspectives and industry response (2008)

The prosperity of New Zealand (NZ) rests to a large extent on agriculture. Although our total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are unusually small for a developed nation, agricultural emissions make up almost half of the total emissions from NZ. Emissions from NZ agriculture have been rising at close to 1% a year since 1990 and by 2010, the midpoint of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, they are projected to be 7.2 Mt per year higher than the 1990 baseline. This excess has a potential cost of over NZ$0.5 billion. Despite the continued rise in absolute emissions, emissions intensity, the amount of GHG produced per unit of food produced, has been dropping and the emissions intensity of NZ agriculture goods compares favourably with that of other developed nations. The NZ agricultural sector has actively engaged in the search for cost-effective mitigation solutions and, in partnership with the government, has funded research through the Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium (PGGRC). The PGGRC has been in existence since 2002 and has invested NZ$16 million in research into reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions from pastoral agriculture. The structure of this research funding body, its objectives, achievements and future challenges are briefly outlined.
Environmental Accounting of Municipal Solid Waste Originating from Rooms and Restaurants in the Hong Kong Hotel Industry (2001)

This article focuses on the estimation and the environmental accounting of municipal solid waste (MSW) produced by the hotel industry in Hong Kong. Five models to estimate the amount of the hotel industry’s MSW were developed. It was revealed that plastic toiletries in the industry ranked highest, and newspapers ranked second. Also, the research found that the minimum amount of MSW produced for each occupied room was 1.978 kg, and the quantity of MSW created by the Hong Kong hotel industry reached at least 53,070 tons in 1996, with an estimated environmental cost of 3.02 million Hong Kong dollars. The model predicted that local hotels would produce 53,607 tons of MSW by the year 2000. On average, the hotel industry’s share in the overall MSW was 1.5% in the 1986 to 2000 period. Based on the methodologies and findings, suggestions concerning green accounting at three levels are made.
Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Sodium Phenyl Butyrate and Vitamin B3, in Combination with Retinoic Acid on Granulocytic Differentiation of Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL‐60 Cells (2006)

Water-soluble vitamin B3, niacin, and its related compounds were suggested to be applicable for medical use. In this article, we examined the anti-leukemic effects of two distinct histone deacetylase (HDAC1 and Sir2) inhibitors, sodium phenyl butyrate (PB) and vitamin B3, respectively, on human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, using HDACIs alone and in combination with all trans retinoic acid (RA). We demonstrated that the HDACI combinations exert different effects on cell cycle arrest and differentiation as determined by nitro blue reduction and the expression of the early myeloid differentiation marker CD11b. The most beneficial effects were found by use of 6-h pretreatment with PB and vitamin B3 before the exposition to RA alone or in combination with vitamin B3, showing significant acceleration and a high level of granulocytic differentiation. The effects were associated with a rapid histone H4 acetylation and later histone H3 modifications. Our results suggest that the use of two HDACI altogether before the induction of differentiation and acting via chromatin remodeling may be promising for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Utility-based anonymization using local recoding (2006)

Privacy becomes a more and more serious concern in applications involving microdata. Recently, efficient anonymization has attracted much research work. Most of the previous methods use global recoding, which maps the domains of the quasi-identifier attributes to generalized or changed values. However, global recoding may not always achieve effective anonymization in terms of discernability and query answering accuracy using the anonymized data. Moreover, anonymized data is often for analysis. As well accepted in many analytical applications, different attributes in a data set may have different utility in the analysis. The utility of attributes has not been considered in the previous methods.In this paper, we study the problem of utility-based anonymization. First, we propose a simple framework to specify utility of attributes. The framework covers both numeric and categorical data. Second, we develop two simple yet efficient heuristic local recoding methods for utility-based anonymization. Our extensive performance study using both real data sets and synthetic data sets shows that our methods outperform the state-of-the-art multidimensional global recoding methods in both discernability and query answering accuracy. Furthermore, our utility-based method can boost the quality of analysis using the anonymized data.
An integrated framework for simulation-based training on video and in a virtual world (2009)

Becoming a skilled professional requires both the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and the practice of skills relevant to one’s profession. When learning by doing, students consolidate their knowledge of domain-specific facts by applying them as necessary to accomplish the tasks involved in their profession. Simulation-based learning methods are a family of methods that enable this learning mode. New computer related technologies, including high performance networking, high definition displays, distributed multiplayer game engines, and virtual worlds, bring new opportunities for simulation-based learning methods and systems. In this work, we describe our software framework for specifying simulation-based lesson plans and their implementations on two different platforms: a video based tool and a virtual world environment. We discuss the software architecture of the system, illustrate its functionality with an example lesson on how to conduct oneself in corporate interviews, outline our plans for experimental evaluation, and argue for its usefulness in today’s efforts to creatively use virtual worlds for educational purposes.
Molecular basis of calcium binding by polyguluronate chains. Revising the egg‐box model (2011)

The egg-box model is the commonly accepted description of the calcium alginate/guluronate structure. It assumes that calcium ions are bound in the periodic chelation sites located between two polyuronate chains. This study was focused on elucidating the nature of interactions between calcium and polyuronates, responsible for the Ca(2+)-induced association of polyuronate chains in the aqueous solutions. Both molecular dynamics and semiempirical (ZINDO-1/Monte Carlo) methods were used for this purpose. Based on the obtained results, new structural models of Ca(2+)-polyguluronate complexes were proposed both for parallel and antiparallel pairing. Contrary to the classical egg-box model, Ca(2+) ions are coordinated by four carboxyl oxygens from two opposite carboxyl groups belonging to two different polyguluronate chains and, additionally, by four oxygen atoms belonging to water molecules. Such a coordination pattern can be interpreted as the result of competition between water molecules and carboxylic groups of polyguluronate for calcium ions. Other structural details (the network of hydrogen bonds, for instance) are close to those corresponding to the "shifted" egg-box model proposed by Braccini and Pérez (Biomacromolecules 2001, 2, 1089) and remain in agreement with the experimental data.
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health II (1992)

Phenolic compounds including simple phenols and phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids are bioactive substances occurring widely in food plants. Phenolic compounds are closely associated with the sensory and nutritional quality of fresh and processed plant foods. The enzymatic browning reaction of phenolic compounds, catalyzed by polyphenoloxidase, could cause the formation of undesirable color and flavor and the loss of nutrient in fruits and vegetables. Many phenolic compounds in plants are good sources of natural antioxidants. It is a great interest in recent years that many phenolic compounds in foods have inhibitory effects on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.