gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Catecholamine deposition and erythrocyte structural transformation in functional disorders of the sympathetic adrenaline system]. (2001)

By means of ultra and cytochemical study the catecholamine inserts in erythrocytes look like dark lumps and beads the size and quantity of which being directly proportional to the sympathetic adrenaline system functional state. Under the conditions of catecholamine shortage the inserts reducing to fragments occurs and under catecholamine growth the increase in inserts size takes place. In both cases the erythrocyte structure disorder has been observed. Cytochemical method of catecholamine detection in erythrocytes also allows simultaneously to determine the erythrocyte morphological state.
Correlation between shock induced response duration and success of defibrillation (2002)

Although refractory period extension has been proposed as a basic mechanism for defibrillation, the relation between successful defibrillation and refractory period extension has not been determined. The authors tested the hypothesis that successful defibrillation correlates with longer shock induced responses compared with unsuccessful defibrillation. Sixty five episodes of fibrillation were induced in isolated rabbit hearts (n=5). After 10 seconds of fibrillation, defibrillation was attempted with 8 msec monophasic pulses (65% tilt) using epicardial patches. Action potentials were recorded with MAPs placed perpendicular to the shocking electrodes. Response duration measured from the beginning of the shock to maximal repolarization of the action potential was 96.5/spl plusmn/14 msec during successful defibrillation and 54/spl plusmn/25 msec during unsuccessful defibrillation (p<0.01). The authors' results suggest that the extension of refractoriness by the defibrillating shock determines the success of defibrillation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mealtime Glucose Regulation With Nateglinide in Healthy Volunteers (2001)

In this single-dose study in nondiabetic volunteers, nateglinide provided a more rapid and shorter-lived stimulation of insulin secretion than repaglinide, resulting in lower meal-related glucose excursions. If similar results are observed in diabetes, nateglinide may produce a more physiological insulin secretory response with the potential for a reduced risk of postabsorptive hypoglycemia.
The Genetic Analysis of an Acinetobacter johnsonii Clinical Strain Evidenced the Presence of Horizontal Genetic Transfer (2016)

Acinetobacter johnsonii rarely causes human infections. While most A. johnsonii isolates are susceptible to virtually all antibiotics, strains harboring a variety of β-lactamases have recently been described. An A. johnsonii Aj2199 clinical strain recovered from a hospital in Buenos Aires produces PER-2 and OXA-58. We decided to delve into its genome by obtaining the whole genome sequence of the Aj2199 strain. Genome comparison studies on Aj2199 revealed 240 unique genes and a close relation to strain WJ10621, isolated from the urine of a patient in China. Genomic analysis showed evidence of horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) events. Forty-five insertion sequences and two intact prophages were found in addition to several resistance determinants such as blaPER-2, blaOXA-58, blaTEM-1, strA, strB, ereA, sul1, aacC2 and a new variant of blaOXA-211, called blaOXA-498. In particular, blaPER-2 and blaTEM-1 are present within the typical contexts previously described in the Enterobacteriaceae family. These results suggest that A. johnsonii actively acquires exogenous DNA from other bacterial species and concomitantly becomes a reservoir of resistance genes.
Absorption of Testosterone Gel 1% (Testim) from Three Different Application Sites (2009)

Testim Gel 1% applied to various anatomical sites increases TT and CT(free) into the normal range; the best levels are achieved with arms/shoulder application. Flexibility in the application site of Testim is possible if TT or CT(free) is monitored to ensure adequate therapeutic levels. Anemia, possibly associated with testosterone deficiency, was an incidental finding in several men and was corrected with topical testosterone replacement.
Continuous droplet interface crossing encapsulation (cDICE) for high throughput monodisperse vesicle design (2011)

We report on a continuous droplet interface crossing encapsulation (cDICE) technique for the high-yield production of microscopic vesicles tunable in size and content. Overcoming some of the current technique limitations, such a simple setup has a great potential in various fields from encapsulation to the design of biomimetic cells and artificial tissues.
A Ruthenium-Based Catalyst System for Hydrovinylation at Room Temperature (2008)

A catalytic amount of RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2 (1) activated with AgOTF or AgSbF6 at room temperature was found to be an effective catalyst system for the hydrovinylation of vinylarenes. Vinylarenes with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents reacted with ethylene at room temperature to provide the desired 3-arylbutenes in moderate to excellent yield (60−99%) under mild reaction conditions.
Mild and Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of the C=C Bond in α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Using Supported Palladium Nanoparticles (2016)

Chemoselective reduction of the C=C bond in a variety of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using supported palladium nanoparticles is reported. Three different heterogeneous catalysts were compared using 1 atm of H2 : 1) nano-Pd on a metal-organic framework (MOF: Pd(0) -MIL-101-NH2 (Cr)), 2) nano-Pd on a siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF: Pd(0) -AmP-MCF), and 3) commercially available palladium on carbon (Pd/C). Initial studies showed that the Pd@MOF and Pd@MCF nanocatalysts were superior in activity and selectivity compared to commercial Pd/C. Both Pd(0) -MIL-101-NH2 (Cr) and Pd(0) -AmP-MCF were capable of delivering the desired products in very short reaction times (10-90 min) with low loadings of Pd (0.5-1 mol %). Additionally, the two catalytic systems exhibited high recyclability and very low levels of metal leaching.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Deep Evolutional Spatial-Temporal Networks (2017)

One key challenging issue of facial expression recognition is to capture the dynamic variation of facial physical structure from videos. In this paper, we propose a part-based hierarchical bidirectional recurrent neural network (PHRNN) to analyze the facial expression information of temporal sequences. Our PHRNN models facial morphological variations and dynamical evolution of expressions, which is effective to extract "temporal features" based on facial landmarks (geometry information) from consecutive frames. Meanwhile, in order to complement the still appearance information, a multi-signal convolutional neural network (MSCNN) is proposed to extract "spatial features" from still frames. We use both recognition and verification signals as supervision to calculate different loss functions, which are helpful to increase the variations of different expressions and reduce the differences among identical expressions. This deep evolutional spatial-temporal network (composed of PHRNN and MSCNN) extracts the partial-whole, geometry-appearance, and dynamic-still information, effectively boosting the performance of facial expression recognition. Experimental results show that this method largely outperforms the state-of-the-art ones. On three widely used facial expression databases (CK+, Oulu-CASIA, and MMI), our method reduces the error rates of the previous best ones by 45.5%, 25.8%, and 24.4%, respectively.
SummScreen: A Dataset for Abstractive Screenplay Summarization (2022)

We introduce SUMMSCREEN, a summarization dataset comprised of pairs of TV series transcripts and human written recaps. The dataset provides a challenging testbed for abstractive summarization for several reasons. Plot details are often expressed indirectly in character dialogues and may be scattered across the entirety of the transcript. These details must be found and integrated to form the succinct plot descriptions in the recaps. Also, TV scripts contain content that does not directly pertain to the central plot but rather serves to develop characters or provide comic relief. This information is rarely contained in recaps. Since characters are fundamental to TV series, we also propose two entity-centric evaluation metrics. Empirically, we characterize the dataset by evaluating several methods, including neural models and those based on nearest neighbors. An oracle extractive approach outperforms all benchmarked models according to automatic metrics, showing that the neural models are unable to fully exploit the input transcripts. Human evaluation and qualitative analysis reveal that our nonoracle models are competitive with their oracle counterparts in terms of generating faithful plot events and can benefit from better content selectors. Both oracle and non-oracle models generate unfaithful facts, suggesting future research directions.
Computational Analysis of Frontal Area of a Front Grill Passenger Car (2013)

Designing the front grill with the focus on analyzing the flow from outside to the inside of a passenger car bonnet is very important in the automotive industry. This study was done to increase performance of the flow through the analysis on the effect of aerodynamic flow through the front grill by designing different cases of frontal areas of the front grill. Velocity at 34 m/s at steady condition were done to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car as well as the front grill of a passenger car. Analysis was taken inside the wind tunnel as the boundary condition. The grid generation was based on the tetrahedral unstructured meshes. Result obtain was compared with past experiment data. It was found that an appropriate design of frontal area of front grill can improved the stability of a car and the heat surrounding inside the car bonnet. Finally, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of front grill was introduced and analyzed.
Infrared Filters of Antireflected Si, Ge, InAs, and InSb* (1961)

Vacuum-deposited single-, double-, and triple-layer infrared antireflection coatings for Si, Ge, InAs, and InSb have been developed for the 1-μ to 15-μ region. MgF2, didymium fluoride, SiO, ZnS, CeO2, and Si were used for the preparation of the coatings. All of the coatings are hard and durable and can be cleaned and boiled in water for several hours with little or no damage. With these coatings, the transmittance of Si and Ge plates can be increased to a maximum value of nearly 100%, and stays above 90% over a wavelength interval the limits of which are in the ratio of 1.5:1, 2.7:1, and 3:1 for single-, double,- and triple-layer coatings, respectively. InAs and InSb are slightly absorbing, but more than 90% transmittance can be obtained with sufficiently thin antireflected plates. The temperature dependence of absorption in all four of these materials has been measured in the range from 25°C to 250°C.
Prognosis of Epilepsy: A Review and Further Analysis of the First Nine Years of the British National General Practice Study of Epilepsy, a Prospective Population‐Based Study (1997)

Overall, most patients with epilepsy will enter remission; however, there is a higher than expected risk of death, especially in those with symptomatic epilepsy.
Supporting multi-row distributed transactions with global snapshot isolation using bare-bones HBase (2010)

Snapshot isolation (SI) is an important database transactional isolation level adopted by major database management systems (DBMS). Until now, there is no solution for any traditional DBMS to be easily replicated with global SI for distributed transactions in cloud computing environments. HBase is a column-oriented data store for Hadoop that has been proven to scale and perform well on clouds. HBase features random access performance on par with open source DBMS such as MySQL. However, HBase only provides single atomic row writes based on row locks and very limited transactional support. In this paper, we show how multi-row distributed transactions with global SI guarantee can be easily supported by using bare-bones HBase with its default configuration so that the high throughput, scalability, fault tolerance, access transparency and easy deployability properties of HBase can be inherited. Through performance studies, we quantify the cost of adopting our technique. The contribution of this paper is that we provide a novel approach to use HBase as a cloud database solution with global SI at low added cost. Our approach can be easily extended to other column-oriented data stores.
Treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. (1998)

Early effective management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia improves outcome in patients with this disorder. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the agent of choice for treatment of severe P. carinii pneumonia. Pentamidine, trimethoprim-dapsone, atovaquone, and other regimens are useful in selected clinical situations. Adjunctive corticosteroids are indicated in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and P. carinii pneumonia who have moderate to severe P. carinii pneumonia defined as a room air arterial PaO2 less than 70 mm Hg or an alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of greater than 35 mm Hg. The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, and aerosolized pentamidine in immunocompromised patients without AIDS is also reviewed.
Comparison of Mobile Phases for Separation and Quantification of Lipids by One-Dimensional TLC on Preadsorbent High Performance Silica Gel Plates (1990)

Abstract Twenty-four solvent systems reported in the literature for the one-dimensional TLC separation of lipids and phospholipids were compared under identical conditions using high performance preadsorbent silica gel plates. The best overall separation of mixtures of neutral lipid and phospholipid standards and compounds extracted from the digestive gland-gonad complex of Biomphalaria glabrata snails was obtained with a system utilizing consecutive development with chloroform-methanol-water (65:25:4), chloroform-hexane (3:1), and carbon tetrachloride. The best system for quantification of neutral lipids was hexane-diethyl ether-formic acid (80:20:2). Rf data are tabulated and results discussed for all systems tested.
Label switching and IP version 6 (2002)

This paper discusses how the strict hierarchical address structure of IP version 6 and high levels of IP route aggregation will effect the operation of popular label switching techniques. We predict that the introduction of IP version 6 will cause significant problems with control driven label switching proposals such as MPLS and Tag Switching. We propose an alternate label switching solution that uses information in the IP version 6 address structure to classify and cut-through flows based on destination site address. Our simulation studies shown that over 96% of packets will be switched by ATM bypassing network layer forwarding using this technique.
Interfacial Hydrodynamics: An Over View (1982)

A fluid interface may promote spontaneous flow, or, particularly if laden with a surface-active agent, may act to suppress flow in its vicinity. In either event, the effect is the result of locally unbalanced forces at the interface. The resulting flows may be chaotic (interfacial turbulence) or orderly (cellular convection), steady, periodic or intermittent. They may significantly increase heat and mass transfer rates and alter contacting patterns in fluid-phase contacting equipment. Flow suppression due to surface-active agents may also assume a variety of forms and may significantly reduce transfer rates. These phenomena are classified, illustrated and rationalized in terms of hydrodynamic theory. Recent research developments and implications for metallurgical systems are given. Résumé Une interface fluide peut générer un écoulement spontané, ou, si elle est recouverte par un agent tensio-actif, supprimer cet écoulement. Dans les deux cas, l'effet observé est dù à des forces locales non équilibrées à l'interface. Les écoulements résultants peuvent être irréguliers (turbulence interfaciale) ou ordonnés (convection localisée), stables, périodiques ou intermittents. Ils peuvent augmenter de fačon appréciable les taux de transfert de masse et de chaleur et modifier la nature du contact du fluide avec les équipements. Les agents tensio-actifs modifient grandement les profils des écoulements et peuvent réduire de fačon marquée les taux de transfert de masse et de chaleur. Tous ces differents phénomènes sont classifies, illustrés et analysés à l'aide de la théorie de l'hydrodynamique des fluides. De nouveaux développements de recherche ainsi que les implications pour les systèmes métallurgiques sont présentés.
Comparison between pulsed terahertz time-domain imaging and continuous wave terahertz imaging (2005)

We report an evaluation of pulsed terahertz (THz) time-domain measurement and continuous wave (CW) terahertz measurement for non-destructive testing applications. The strengths and limitations of the modalities are explored via the example of the detection of defects in space shuttle foam insulation. It is decided that CW imaging allows for a more compact and simple system, while pulsed measurements yield a broader range of information.
Extension of the Generalized Unknown Input Kalman Filter for Online-Reconstruction of External Structural Loads (2011)

External load information is of great interest in structural health monitoring (SHM), since it can help to evaluate possible damage of a structure due to fatigue loading or after extreme events. However, some loads might not be measured directly and have to be reconstructed from structural response measurements. This is a type of ill-posed inverse problem where small perturbation of the measurements may cause unstable solutions. Therefore, a robust load reconstruction strategy is needed. In this paper, an extension of the generalized Kalman filter with unknown inputs method, G-KF-UKI (Generalized Kalman Filter with Unknown and Known Inputs), is proposed. This method can realize online input force estimation and is robust to modeling errors and measurement noise. Besides this, the presented G-KF-UKI strategy also includes known inputs (e.g. control inputs or known force inputs), which makes it applicable to a larger class of systems. An experiment on a laboratory twostorey structure and a simulation study on wind load reconstruction are given as examples to show the effectiveness of this method.
Competitive Bidding In Electricity Markets: A Survey (1989)

A number of states as well as the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission have been considering whether traditional regulatory regimes in electricity and natural gas markets should be replaced with competitive bidding systems. This shift is designed to yield a more efficient allocation of energy resources within the existing legal framework The paper examines both the theoretical basis and empirical evidence on bidding processes in light of the characteristics of energy markets, especially electricity markets. It then discusses the extent to which one can draw policy conclusions about designing specific bidding processes for these markets. It concludes that given the underlying complexity of the products involved, the optimal system for procuring power should include a mix of bidding, negotiation and utility construction.
Applications of Magnetoresistive Sensors in Navigation Systems (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Most navigation systems today use some type of compass to determine heading direction. Using the earth's magnetic field, electronic compasses based on magnetoresistive (MR) sensors can electrically resolve better than 0.1 degree rotation. Discussion of a simple 8-point compass will be described using MR sensors. Methods for building a one degree compass using MR sensors will also be discussed. Compensation techniques are shown to correct for compass tilt angles and nearby ferrous material disturbances.</div>
Transient sonar signal classification using hidden Markov models and neural nets (1994)

In ocean surveillance, a number of different types of transient signals are observed. These sonar signals are waveforms in one dimension (1-D). The hidden Markov model (HMM) is well suited to classification of 1-D signals such as speech. In HMM methodology, the signal is divided into a sequence of frames, and each frame is represented by a feature vector. This sequence of feature vectors is then modeled by one HMM. Thus, the HMM methodology is highly suitable for classifying the patterns that are made of concatenated sequences of micro patterns. The sonar transient signals often display an evolutionary pattern over the time scale. Following this intuition, the application of HMM's to sonar transient classification is proposed and discussed in this paper. Toward this goal, three different feature vectors based on an autoregressive (AR) model, Fourier power spectra, and wavelet transforms are considered in our work. In our implementation, one HMM is developed for each class of signals. During testing, the signal to be recognized is matched against all models. The best matched model identifies the signal class. The neural net (NN) classifier has been successfully used previously for sonar transient classification. The same set of features as mentioned above is then used with a multilayer perceptron NN classifier. Some experimental results using "DARPA standard data set I" with HMM and MLP-NN classification schemes are presented. A combined NN/HMM classifier is proposed, and its performance is evaluated with respect to individual classifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Saroglitazar for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: current evidence (2015)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most dreaded metabolic disorders in the world today. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and plays a cardinal role in quality of life and health economics. DM is associated with a high prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. DM is a very important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been implicated as the prime cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with DM. Hence, treatment of DM goes beyond glycemic control, and demands a multidisciplinary approach that comprehensively targets risk factors inherent in CV events. Lipid abnormalities are undoubtedly common in patients with DM, and they contribute to an increased risk of CVD. A high-risk lipid profile, termed atherogenic dyslipidemia of diabetes (ADD), is known to occur in patients with DM. The use of lipid-lowering agents, a quintessential part of the multifactorial risk factor approach, is a crucial intervention to minimize diabetes-related complications. In this article, we discuss the role of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) alpha/gamma (α/γ) agonist, saroglitazar, in the management of ADD. While statins are irrefutably the first line of drugs for dyslipidemia management in patients with residual CV risk while on a statin, PPAR α/γ agonists have been found to be of substantial benefit. Data from the PRESS I-VI clinical trials testify to the fact that saroglitazar and fibrates have similar efficacy in reducing triglycerides and improving high-density lipoprotein. The ancillary benefit of improved glycemic control, without the weight gain of PPAR γ agonists, is an added advantage. Reduction in ADD, improved glycemic control, efficacy at par with fibrates, and an acceptable safety profile form the grounds on which this group of PPAR α/γ agonists, with their novel mechanism, holds a promising future in the management of diabetic dyslipidemia.