gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the possible long-term fate of oil released in the Deepwater Horizon incident, estimated using ensembles of dye release simulations (2010)

We have conducted an ensemble of 20 simulations using a high resolution global ocean model in which dye was continuously injected at the site of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig for two months. We then extended these simulations for another four months to track the dispersal of the dye in the model. We have also performed five simulations in which dye was continuously injected at the site of the spill for four months and then run them out to one year from the initial spill date. The experiments can elucidate the approximate timescales and space scales of dispersal of polluted waters and also give a quantitative estimate of the dilution rate. Given the uncertainty in rates of chemical or biological degradation for oil or an oil–dispersant mixture, we do not include a decay term for the dye. Thus, these results should be considered an absolute upper bound on the possible spatial extent of the dispersal of oil or oil–dispersant mixture.\n\n The model results indicate that it is likely that oil-polluted waters from the Deepwater Horizon incident will, at some time over the six months following the initial spill date, be transported at relatively low concentrations over a significant part of the North-West Atlantic Ocean. However, this does not imply that oil will reach the eastern shores of North America, or that it will even be detectable. We present probabilities for the transport timescales and estimates of ensemble mean arrival times, and we briefly discuss the likely dispersion timescales and pathways of dye released in the subsurface ocean.
Dermatological manifestations of inherited cancer syndromes in children (2010)

Various cutaneous signs presenting in childhood, for example café-au-lait macules, may have systemic cancer associations. Indeed, this may be the first manifestation of the underlying cancer predisposition. The syndromes covered in this review fall into four main categories: (i) DNA damage processing defects including Fanconi anaemia, ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, constitutional mismatch repair defects and xeroderma pigmentosum; (ii) signalling pathway defects, including naevoid basal cell carcinoma and Costello syndromes; (iii) primary immunodeficiency syndromes; and (iv) syndromes that do not fit this molecular classification, such as X-linked dyskeratosis congenita. This review focuses on the dermatological findings of these conditions. Some of these conditions exhibit a milder heterozygous phenotype and this should be elicited in the family history. Where the dermatological findings are subtle, a targeted family history can provide clues towards making a diagnosis. Nondermatological features of each condition are summarized too, together with molecular testing strategies, which will direct genetic counselling and screening. This review will enable the dermatologist and other clinicians in the early recognition and molecular confirmation of underlying cancer-predisposing syndromes. This allows the possibility of surveillance and prevention strategies to be initiated in a timely manner, in affected children and other at-risk family members.
Induction of partial limb regeneration in <i>Rana pipiens</i> by galvanic stimulation (1967)

Abstract Forelimbs of small adult frogs ( Rana pipiens ) were amputated and the stumps implanted with silver‐platinum bimetallic rods insulated except at the tips. The silver end was at the wound surface in some cases. In others, the platinum end was distally placed. Other animals received separate implants of short pieces of bare silver and platinum wire, with the silver piece placed near the wound surface. Controls consisted of animals with either no implant or implants of partially insulated silver or platinum wire. Only one of the control animals (one with a silver implant) initiated regeneration. Regeneration was minimal with the separate implants (25%), more frequent with the platinum end of a bimetallic couple at the wound surface (70%), and most frequent (83.4%) with the silver end of a bimetallic couple at the wound surface. In three cases in the last named series, lobulated cartilages reminiscent of wrist and hand elements differentiated. The results are ascribed to direct stimulation of the cells, electrophoretic transfer of information‐bearing molecules, or stimulation of nerves.
Autonomous drifting with onboard sensors (2016)

The authors present a controller that achieves autonomous drifting using only onboard inertial sensors. Related studies have achieved autonomous drift in passenger or RC cars using motion capture systems or a differential GPS. These systems provide very accurate measurements of position and velocity, but require infrastructure that constrains the location of the experiment.
 The proposed design uses only IMU, encoders and camera for state estimation. A state feedback controller uses a single rigid body bicycle model to capture the vehicle dynamics, and the Pajecka tire model to capture the tire forces. We validate the control technique with an open source, low cost 1/10 scale RC vehicle developed at UC Berkeley.
Cyclin F Is Degraded during G2-M by Mechanisms Fundamentally Different from Other Cyclins (2002)

Cyclin F, a cyclin that can form SCF complexes and bind to cyclin B, oscillates in the cell cycle with a pattern similar to cyclin A and cyclin B. Ectopic expression of cyclin F arrests the cell cycle in G(2)/M. How the level of cyclin F is regulated during the cell cycle is completely obscure. Here we show that, similar to cyclin A, cyclin F is degraded when the spindle assembly checkpoint is activated and accumulates when the DNA damage checkpoint is activated. Cyclin F is a very unstable protein throughout much of the cell cycle. Unlike other cyclins, degradation of cyclin F is independent of ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated pathways. Interestingly, proteolysis of cyclin F is likely to involve metalloproteases. Rapid destruction of cyclin F does not require the N-terminal F-box motif but requires the COOH-terminal PEST sequences. The PEST region alone is sufficient to interfere with the degradation of cyclin F and confer instability when fused to cyclin A. These data show that although cyclin F is degraded at similar time as the mitotic cyclins, the underlying mechanisms are entirely distinct.
The Infrared Spectra of Some Ti-O-Si, Ti-O-Ti and Si-O-Si Compounds (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Infrared Spectra of Some Ti-O-Si, Ti-O-Ti and Si-O-Si CompoundsVernon A. Zeitler and Charles A. BrownCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 9, 1174–1177Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150555a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j150555a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3974Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Complementation Group E of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus New Jersey Serotype Possess Altered NS Polypeptides (1979)

In vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was unable to distinguish the polypeptides of the temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of complementation groups A, B, C, and F from those of the wild-type virus. However, the NS polypeptide of the representative mutant of group E, ts E1, had a significantly greater electrophoretic mobility than that of the wild-type virus NS polypeptide. The electrophoretic mobilities of the NS polypeptides of the three mutants of complementation group E varied, being greatest in the case of ts E1, slightly less for ts E2, and only a little greater than that of wild-type virus NS polypeptide in the case of ts E3. Since the NS polypeptides of the revertant clones ts E1/R1 and ts E3/R1 have mobilities identical to that of wild-type NS polypeptide, the observed altered mobilities of the group E mutants are almost certainly the direct result of the ts mutations in the E locus. The electrophoretic mobilities of the intracellular NS polypeptides of the group E mutants were indistinguishable from those of their virion NS polypeptides. The electrophoretic mobilities of the NS polypeptides of the group E mutants synthesized in vitro using mRNA synthesized in vitro by TNP were identical to those of the NS polypeptides of their purified virions. The NS polypeptides of all three mutants were labeled with (32)P(i) to approximately the same extent as wild-type virus NS polypeptide, indicating that gross differences in phosphorylation of this polypeptide are unlikely to account for the altered mobilities. We propose a model in which the NS polypeptide consists of at least three loops held in this configuration by hydrophobic or ionic forces or both and stabilized by phosphodiester bridges. If a mutation affects one of the amino acids to which the phosphate is covalently linked, the phosphodiester bridge cannot be formed, and, as a result, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the affected loop opens and thus the NS polypeptide migrates further into the gel. Such a configuration may also explain the multifunctional nature of the NS polypeptide.
A multiple-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric energy harvesting model (2012)

Conventional vibration energy harvesters have been usually studied as single-degree-of-freedom models. The fact that such harvesters are only efficient near sole resonance limits their applicability in frequency-variant or random vibration scenarios. In this article, a novel multiple-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric energy harvesting model is presented. First, a two-degree-of-freedom model is analyzed, and its two configurations are characterized. In the first configuration, the piezoelectric element is placed between one mass and the base, and in the second configuration, it is placed between the two masses. It is shown that the former is advantageous over the latter since with a slight increase of overall weight to the single-degree-of-freedom model, we can achieve two close and effective peaks in power response or one effective peak with significantly enhanced magnitude. The first configuration is then generalized to an n-degree-of-freedom model, and its analytical solution is derived. This solution provides a convenient tool for parametric study and design of a multiple-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric energy harvesting model. Finally, the equivalent circuit model of the proposed n-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric energy harvesting model is developed via the analogy between the mechanical and electric domains. With the equivalent circuit model, system-level electric simulation can be performed to evaluate the system performance when sophisticated interface circuits are attached.
Interactions between herbal and conventional medicines (2005)

Herb-drug interactions are subject to much interest at present, but for various reasons reports may be unreliable or unsubstantiated. Herbal medicines are variable in composition and quality, which may affect their interaction profile as well as the reliability of reports concerning them. In this review, clinical and experimental reports have been collated, evaluated and summarised, and the theoretical and clinical evidence presented. There is an explanation of the particular issues involved with herbal medicines as compared with conventional drugs, and reasons why comparisons may or may not be valid, which is intended for those without specialist experience in herbal products. It has become apparent that only a few herbal drugs have so far been cited in interaction reports, for example St John's Wort, Ginkgo biloba, Dan Shen, liquorice, Ma huang and garlic, and that the main drugs involved are those which are already susceptible to interactions with many other conventional drugs, such as warfarin, protease inhibitors and anti-cancer drugs. An attempt has been made to put the matter into perspective and recommendations have been given for health professionals to advise or develop strategies to safeguard patients, without resorting to speculation or scaremongering.
The role of neuraminidase in haemagglutination and adherence to colon WiDr cells by Bacteroides fragilis (1994)

The role of neuraminidase in haemagglutination and adherence to colon WiDr cells by eight strains of Bacteroides fragilis and four strains of oral black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes was studied. Neuraminidase treatment resulted in a very small increase of haemagglutination by some of the strains but had no effect on adherence to WiDr cells by all bacterial strains tested except one strain of Prevotella intermedia (HG 110). Inhibition of neuraminidase had no effect on haemagglutination or adherence, nor was any correlation found between haemagglutinating ability and neuraminidase activity in the B. fragilis strain. The results indicated that haemagglutination and adherence of B. fragilis to WiDr cells were not mediated by neuraminidase.
Design and validation of the load networks for broadband class E amplifiers using nonlinear device models (2003)

Design equations for the synthesis of load networks for highly efficient broadband class E amplifiers that can provide a bandwidth exceeding 30%, are presented. The design equations take into consideration the nonlinearity of the device output capacitance. Validation for the synthesized load network is provided both through computer simulations and experimental measurement. The complete design and simulation use a comprehensive nonlinear device model that reveals the role that the large trap resistance plays in class E operation.
Expression eines rekombinanten humanen Proteins in vitro und in vivo in Eileiterzellen des Huhnes, am Beispiel von humanem Erythropoietin, hrEPO (2002)

Die Produktion heterologer, medizinisch verwertbarer Proteine in Tieren ist heute ein
Standardverfahren und viele Spezies haben sich als hierfur geeignet erwiesen.
Das Huhn sollte sich besonders als Bioreaktor eignen, es verfugt zum einen uber kurze
Generationszeiten, und in seinem Eileiter werden taglich grosse Mengen Protein gebildet und
im Ei ausgeschieden. Dennoch war es bis heute, trotz zahlreicher Anstrengungen von
verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen nicht gelungen, den Organismus eines Huhnes genetisch derart
zu verandern, dass ein heterologes Protein im Eileiter gebildet, und im Ei nachweisbar
ausgeschieden wird.
Im Rahmen der Experimente, die in dieser Dissertation vorgestellt werden, ist es erstmals
gelungen im Eileiter des Huhnes ein heterologes Protein, EPO, zu exprimieren. Es konnte
nachgewiesen werden, dass das Protein aus den Zellen des Eileiters ausgeschleust wird und
schliesslich im gelegten Ei in grosser Menge zu finden ist.
Hierzu wurden geeignete Genkonstrukte kloniert, in vitro in primaren Eileiterzellen getestet,
und schliesslich per Gengun-Verfahren in vivo in den Eileiter eingebracht. Die Expression
erfolgte unter der Kontrolle des viralen CMV-Promotors, das EPO-Protein war in den Eiern
der positiv getesteten Tieren uber Wochen nachweisbar.
Aufgrund dieses Erfolges wurde versucht eine gewebespezifische Expression unter der
Kontrolle des Ovalbuminpromotors zu erreichen.
Es gelang ein geeignetes Promotorkonstrukt zu identifizieren und zu klonieren, sowie in vitro
eine gewebespezifische Expression von s-Galactosidase zu erreichen, eine Expression von
EGFP und EPO konnte jedoch nicht sicher nachgewiesen werden. Ursachlich hierfur ist das
komplexe Regulierungssystem des Ovalbuminpromotors, das durch Transfektionsverfahren
empfindlich gestort wird und in vitro-Versuche beinahe unmoglich macht.
Unter zu Hilfenahme eines alternativen Transfektionsverfahrens, der Virofektion gelang es
jedoch unter der Kontrolle des Ovalbuminpromotors in vivo einmalig EPO-Expression in das
Huhnerei nachzuweisen.
Experimente, die nach Abschluss der Arbeiten an dieser Dissertation durchgefuhrt wurden,
haben die Funktionsfahigkeit der retroviralen Konstrukte bestatigt. Insbesondere konnte unter
der Kontrolle des Ovalbuminpromotors eine zellspezifische Expression von ErythropoietinErythropoietin wird aktuell auf seine biologische Aktivitat untersucht, die Veroffentlichung
der Ergebnisse befindet sich in Vorbereitung.
erreicht werden, die Transfektion hat sich als stabil erwiesen. Das so gewonnene
Frame Analysis of Open Interviews On Interethnic Relations (1996)

Analyse du cadre des entretiens ouverts sur les relations interethniques. Dans la littérature récente sur les relations interethniques, la dynamique et la flexibilité des identités ethniques ont attiré l'attention Le concept d'ethnicité situationnelle" caractérise cette approche et implique que l'identité ethnique dépend du contexte. La représentation de soi et celle d'autres groupes ethniques ne sont pas conçues comme des dispositions stables. mais comme des cadres qui peuvent varier avec: (i) le domaine social d'interaction avec des membres d'autres groupes ethniques: (ii) le contexte conversationnel spécifique dans lequel ces répertoires ou cadres sont verbalisés. En conséquence. on suppose que 1 appartenance à un groupe ethnique spécifique n'est pas toujours un élément important dans les cadres référentiels utilisés dans la perception et évaluation d'autres personnes ou dans les échanges verbaux. La même conception s'applique dans la manière dont les différents groupes ethniques sont différentiés et définis. Cet article est centré sur la manière d'obtenir de l'information valable sur la dépendance contextuelle des identités ethniques. Après une discussion sur les avantages et les inconvienents des diverses méthodes de recherche, l'article se centre surtout sur les possibilités et les pièges de l'entretien ouvert. On discute des implications théoriques des problèmes d'mterprétation des résultats d'entretien. La plus grande difficulté vient du fait que la variation dans les patterns de réponses ne dépend pas uniquement du type d'interaction sociale que le répondant a en tête. mais aussi des caractéristiques de l'entretien et de la structure de la recherche. Un modèle d'analyse du cadre est proposé. basé sur l'articulation des patterns de réponses et des cadres utilisés par les répondants pour définir 1 interaction avec l'interviewer. On discute aussi des relations possibles entre les deux types de cadres Cette recherche concerne des entretiens ouverts avec des élèves du secondaire L'analyse du cadre de ces entretiens montre le rôle des cadres concernant les buts généraux de la recherche, dans le comportement de réponse des répondants. Dans l'analyse de la construction de ces cadres. les effets possibles de la structure de la recherche sont discutés. Les résultats de l'étude conduisent à une attitude critique envers la méthode de triangulation: les points forts de cette méthode sont souvent surestimés et il semble important de garder un oeil sur les risques méthodologiques de la triangulation,
Theoretical analyses on orbital angular momentum modes in conventional graded-index multimode fibre (2017)

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are another mode basis to represent spatial modes. There have been increasing interests in exploiting OAM modes in specialty fibres. In this paper, we present a comprehensive characterisation of OAM modes in conventional graded-index multimode fibre (MMF). 1) We synthesise the circularly polarized OAM modes by properly combining two fold degenerate cylindrical vector modes (eigenmodes) and analyse the total angular momentum, i.e. spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum. 2) We divide all the OAM modes of the conventional graded-index MMF into 10 OAM mode groups with effective refractive index differences between different mode groups above 10<sup>-4</sup> enabling low-level inter-group crosstalk. 3) We study the chromatic dispersion, differential group delay, effective mode area, and nonlinearity for each OAM mode group over a wide wavelength ranging from 1520 to 1630 nm covering the whole C band and L band. 4) We discuss the performance tolerance to fibre ellipticity and bending. 5) We further address the robustness of performance against fibre perturbations including the core size, index contrast and the imperfect index profile of the practically fabricated MMFs. The obtained results may provide theoretical basis for further space-division multiplexing applications employing OAM modes in conventional graded-index MMF.
Facilitated Lithium Storage in MoS<sub>2</sub> Overlayers Supported on Coaxial Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

The discoveries of carbon and inorganic fullerene-like nanotubes with a wide spectra of possible applications have stimulated multi- and interdisciplinary research activities. In this paper, we prepared MoS2 overlayers supported on coaxial carbon nanotubes and investigated lithium storage/release properties in relation to their structural properties. The coaxial nanoarchitecture was successfully synthesized by a designed solution-phase route in the low temperature range, which was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reversible lithium-storage behaviors involved in the nanoarchitecture were elucidated by means of various techniques including galvanostatic methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A thorough investigation of the composition−structure−property relationships of the coaxial nanoarchitecture highlighted the importance of the underlying carbon nanotubes in improving the lithium storage/release properties of the MoS2 sheath through a unique synergy at the nanoscale. This work should be notably significant for the design of new multifunctional nanoarchitectures by the wet-chemistry process, applicable for energy conversion and storage of the future.
Fluorosilicones as High Temperature Elastomers (1971)

Abstract Two types of fluorosilicone polymers are described, the poly(fluoroalkyl)-siloxanes and the hybrid fluorocarbon silicones. The first type, represented by the structure (CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 SiMeO) n exhibits good solvent resistance, thermal and oxidative stability and is commercially available in the form or rubber, sealants and fluids. The second type, is in the research stage and has demonstrated much improved stability especially under confined heating conditions.