gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of multivariate curve resolution and a high-speed diode array ultraviolet detector in size-exclusion chromatography of lignin-based copolymers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of multivariate curve resolution and a high-speed diode array ultraviolet detector in size-exclusion chromatography of lignin-based copolymersJohn C. Nicholson, John J. Meister, Damodar R. Patil, and Larry R. FieldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 13, 2447–2451Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00277a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00277a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
COMPUTATION OF PRESSURE BROADENED LINEWIDTHS OF OZONE (1975)

Author Institution: Ames Laboratory-ERDA and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University
Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling of low-bandgap polymer solar cells (2014)

Numerical simulations based on kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) techniques provide a powerful and versatile tool to gain a deep understanding of nanoscale processes in bulk organic heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells and to guide their optimization. Low-bandgap polymer donor materials count as constituents for novel cells with improved efficiency, mainly because they extend the absorption to the infrared region. We developed a kMC model which is able to accurately reproduce the current-voltage (JV) characteristics of an organic solar cell consisting of a blend of low-bandgap polymer and fullerene active materials with different active layer thicknesses.
High-Resolution Imaging of Dendrimers Used in Drug Delivery via Scanning Probe Microscopy (2011)

Dendrimers and telodendrimer micelles represent two new classes of vehicles for drug delivery that have attracted much attention recently. Their structural characterization at the molecular and submolecular level remains a challenge due to the difficulties in reaching high resolution when imaging small particles in their native media. This investigation offers a new approach towards this challenge, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). By using new sample preparation protocols, this work demonstrates that (a) intramolecular features such as drug molecules and dendrimer termini can be resolved; and (b) telodendrimer micelles can be immobilized on the surface without compromising structural integrity, and as such, high resolution AFM imaging may be performed to attain 3D information. This high-resolution structural information should enhance our knowledge of the nanocarrier structure and nanocarrier-drug interaction and, therefore, facilitate design and optimization of the efficiency in drug delivery.
Diel VOC Emissions from a Beef Cattle Feedyard (2008)

Odor emission from waste lagoons at concentrated animal feeding operations has been a source of concern for some time. More than 11 million cattle are fed annually in Texas Panhandle feedyards, representing thirty percent of the nations fed beef. The goal of this research was to determine if there is a diel effect in total VFA and sVOC emissions from a beef cattle feedlot. Sample collection was performed at a local beef cattle feedyard with a onetime feeding capacity of 24,000 head. A sampling station in the center of the feedyard was utilized for sample collection. WindTrax ver. 2.0.7.8 (Thunder Beach Scientific, 2007) was selected as the modeling software for emissions estimation. Raw data were evaluated and summed into two groups, total VFAs and total sVOCs. Acetic acid is the largest contributor of the VFAs we analyzed. Phenol was the largest contributor of the sVOCs. A diel effect was observed.
Direct Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Saxitoxin and Neosaxitoxin (1996)

Using specific ployclonal antibodies against saxitoxin (STX) or neosaxitoxin (neo-STX) in combination with either STX−horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or neo-STX−HRP, the efficacy of four different direct competitive enzyme-linked immunoassorbent assay (dc-ELISA) formats for the analysis of STX and neo-STX was evaluated. Concentrations causing 50% inhibition (ID50) of binding of toxin−HRP conjugate to the antibodies by free toxins in various ELISAs were found in the range of 0.1−9.0 ng/mL. A dc-ELISA, using either anti-STX/STX−HRP or anti-neo-STX/neo-STX−HRP pairs (ID50 values of 0.28 and 0.18 ng/mL for STX and neo-STX, respectively), was found to be most effective for the analysis of STX and neo-STX in naturally contaminated shellfish samples. The analytical recoveries of STX added to viscera extracts of butter clams, dungeness crab, tanner crab, and blue mussels in the range of 0.5−10 ng/mL-1 g-1 were found to be 88.1, 92.7, 92.2, and 93.5% with coefficients of variation of 3.9, 2.7, 9.7, and 2.8%, respectively. The detection limit for STX and neo-STX in these shellfish was around 0.2 ng/g of tissue. Gonyautoxins 1−4, but not the C group of PSP toxins, were also detectable in these two systems. Analysis of 154 naturally contaminated shellfish samples showed good correlation between the ELISA (STX plus neo-STX levels) and mouse assay data. The data reported here suggest that simultaneous analysis of both STX and neo-STX by ELISA is necessary for accurate determination of overall PSP toxin levels. Keywords: ELISA; saxitoxin; neosaxitoxin; PSP; immunoassay
Unique Ruthenium Bimetallic Supramolecular Cages From <i>C</i><sub>4</sub>-Symmetric Tetrapyridyl Metalloligands (2017)

The self-assembly of C<sub>4</sub>-symmetric tetrapyridyl metalloligands containing Fe or Co and diruthenium electron acceptors by means of dative coordination bonding led to the formation of six different heterobimetallic supramolecules. All complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, ESI mass spectrometry, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR (in the case of diamagnetic systems) spectroscopy. The bridging units in the diruthenium complexes greatly influenced the geometrical preference of the supramolecular structures, resulting in the formation of different architectures, namely A<sub>4</sub>D<sub>2</sub> or A<sub>6</sub>D<sub>3</sub> (A = acceptor, D = donor). Depending on the bridging unit, A<sub>4</sub>D<sub>2</sub> tetragonal prism, A<sub>4</sub>D<sub>2</sub> molecular tweezer, or A<sub>6</sub>D<sub>3</sub> triple-decker complexes were obtained selectively. The self-assembly of an unexpected triple-decker type Ru<sub>12</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub> heterobimetallic species was also observed.
Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science A Review (1998)

Understanding the mind is one of the great holy grails of twentieth-century research. Regardless of training, most people who come in contact with the field of AI are at least partially motivated by the glimmer of hope that they will get a better understanding of the mind. This quest, of course, is a rich and complex one. It is easy to get mired in minutiae along the way, be they the optimization of an algorithm, the details of a mental model, or the intricacies of a logical argument. Thagard's book attempts to call us back to the larger picture and to draw in new devotees -- and, in general, he succeeds.
Fuel/Engine Interactions (2013)

Conventional fossil fuels will constitute the majority of automotive fuels for the foreseeable future but will have to adapt to changes in engine technology. Unconventional transport fuels such as biofuels, gas-to-liquid fuels, compressed natural gas, and liquid petroleum gas will also play a role. Hydrogen might be a viable transport fuel if it overcomes barriers in production, transport, storage, and safety and/or if fuel cells become viable. This book opens by considering these issues and then introduces practical transport fuels. A chapter on engine deposits follows, which is an important practical topic about how fuels affect engines that is not usually considered in other books. The next three chapters discuss auto-ignition phenomena in engines. The auto-ignition resistance of fuels is the most important fuel property since it limits the efficiency of spark ignition engines and determines the performance of compression ignition engines. Moreover, the manufacture of fuels is primarily driven by the need to meet auto-ignition quality demands set by fuel specifications. The final chapter considers the implications for future fuels. The book covers the many important ways that fuels and engines interact and why and how fuels will need to change to meet the requirements of future engines, as well as the implications for fuels manufacture and specifications.
Elä tai kuole : extreme-lajien harrastajien persoonallisuuden rakenne ja toiminta sekä lajitoiminnan motiivit ja flow'n kokeminen (1999)

unknown accessibility
TOF range image sensor using a range-shift technique (2008)

In time-of-flight (TOF) range image sensors using periodical pulsed light, there is a trade-off between the maximum range and range resolution. This paper proposes a technique for improving range resolution of the TOF range image sensor using range shifting. In the TOF range image sensor with ambient light draining structure, the amount of delay of short light pulse is changed depending on the measurement range. This technique improves the range resolution without reducing the measurement range. The use of the small duty-ratio pulse also leads to reducing the effect of ambient light. The range-shift technique is tested with an implemented TOF range image sensor and it is found that the range resolution is improved to 2 cm using 10 ns light pulse and 7 zones for the measurement range of 0.5 m to 4 m.
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup analysis in patients with bipolar disorder (2008)

Abstract Several lines of evidence support mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Elevated calcium level in platelets is reported in this disease. To verify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups characteristic to bipolar disorder, we sequenced mtDNA of seven regions and performed haplogroup analysis in 195 patients with bipolar disorder and 255 controls. They belonged to 16 major mtDNA haplogroups, A, B4, B5, C, D4, D5, F, G, M7, M8, M9, M10‐12, N9a, N9b, Y, and Z. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the haplogroup N9a was over‐represented in bipolar disorder. We also performed a case–control study for two functional mtDNA polymorphisms, mtDNA5460G > A and 12358A > G, that altered intracellular calcium dynamics. While the mtDNA5460G > A polymorphism was not associated with bipolar disorder, the mtDNA12358A > G polymorphism was associated with bipolar disorder in 199 patients with bipolar disorder and 260 controls. However, this association was not replicated in an independent sample set. Possible significances of these findings are discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structures Related to Morphine. XXXII.<sup>1</sup> α- and β-2,9-Dimethyl-5-propyl-6,7-benzomorphan from 3-Methyl-4-propylpyridine (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures Related to Morphine. XXXII.1 α- and β-2,9-Dimethyl-5-propyl-6,7-benzomorphan from 3-Methyl-4-propylpyridineBhuwan C. Joshi and Everette L. MayCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 5, 696–697Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00329a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00329a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spare capacity assignment for different restoration strategies in mesh survivable networks (2002)

For restoration in the case of single link failures in meshed networks several strategies can be considered: link restoration, path restoration and path restoration with link-disjunct route. In terms of spare capacity requirement path restoration is found to be most attractive. These results are obtained by using two general optimisation techniques (simulated annealing and integer linear programming). Both techniques have each their own features; their applicability depends on the size and type of the problem. Application to WDM fibre networks is discussed.
NEONATAL BRADYCARDIA FOLLOWING NASOPHARYNGEAL STIMULATION (1971)

Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine Yale-New Haven Medical Center, New Haven, Connecticut
Identification and quantification of urinary benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites from asphalt fume exposed mice by microflow LC coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2003)

Prolonged, extensive exposure to asphalt fume has been associated with several adverse health effects. Inhaled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from asphalt fume exposure have been suspected of inducing such effects. In this study, a bioanalytical method was proposed and evaluated to identify and quantify benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy-metabolites. This method is based on coupling a microflow liquid chromatography (LC) to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOFMS). In the experiment, thirty-two B6C3FI mice were exposed to asphalt fume in a whole body inhalation chamber for 10 days (4 h day(-1)) and twelve other mice were used as controls. The asphalt fume was generated at 180 degrees C and the concentrations in the animal exposure chamber ranged 175-182 mg m(-3). Benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol(+/-), benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide(+/-), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol(+/-) in the urine of asphalt fume exposed mice were identified and found at 3.18 ng 100 mL(-1), 31.36 ng 100 mL(-1), 11.56 ng 100 mL(-1), 54.92 ng 100 mL(-1), and 45.23 ng 100 mL(-1) respectively. The results revealed that the urinary benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy-metabolites from exposed mice were at significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) than those from the control groups. Compared with several other technologies such as HPLC-UV and HPLC-fluorescence, the new method is more sensitive and selective, and it can also provide additional useful information on the structures of the metabolites. Hence, this method can be used to perform the assessment and to study the mechanisms of the adverse health effects. The fragmentation patterns established in this study can also be used to identify and quantify PAH metabolites in other biological fluids.
Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria, LXXVI. Vioprolides: New Antifungal and Cytotoxic Peptolides from <i>Cystobacter violaceus</i> (1996)

Abstract The antifungal and cytotoxic metabolites vioprolides A‐D ( 1 – 4 ) were obtained from the myxobacterium Cystobacter violaceus strain Cb vi35 by fermentation in the presence of the adsorber resin XAD‐1180. Peptolide structures 1–4 composed of eight amino acids and a glyceric acid were determined by spectroscopic methods and total hydrolysis. The absolute configurations of the building blocks were established by GC analysis on chiral stationary phases. Common building blocks of 1–4 are l ‐Ala, l ‐Cys, D ‐Leu, l ‐Thr, l ‐MeVal, ( E )‐dehydrobutyrine ( E ‐Dhb), and l ‐glyceric acid ( l ‐Gla). Two variable positions are occupied by l ‐Pro or l ‐Homopro and l ‐Pro or trans ‐(2 S ,4 R )‐4‐methylazetidinecarboxylic acid [(2 S ,4 R )‐Maz]. Two defined isomers of 1 were detected in CDCl 3 in a ratio of 3 : 2 (2D‐ 1 H NOESY) and assigned to rotational isomers at the amide bond of ThrMeVal.
Role of phosphodiesterases III and IV in the modulation of vascular cyclic AMP content by the NO/cyclic GMP pathway (1994)

1. The effect on cyclic nucleotide contents of selective inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms III and IV (respectively SK&F 94120 and rolipram) and their interactions with endothelium and NO have been studied in rat aorta in the presence of indomethacin (10 microM). The participation of NO was assessed by using either NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (NO synthase inhibitor: 30 microM) or 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, NO donor: 10 microM with SOD 100 units ml-1). 2. The presence of endothelium significantly increased both adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP, 1.7 fold) and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP, 2.2 fold) contents. Cyclic GMP was largely affected by L-NAME or SIN-1 treatment, this was not the case for cyclic AMP suggesting that the presence of endothelium modified cyclic AMP content in aorta independently of the NO production. 3. In the presence or absence of endothelium, neither SK&F 94120 nor rolipram, alone or combined, significantly modified cyclic GMP content. 4. The PDE III inhibitor significantly affected cyclic AMP content only in non treated aorta without endothelium. In contrast, the PDE IV inhibitor increased cyclic AMP in all conditions. These increases were generally about 2 fold but markedly higher in aorta treated with SIN-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 6 fold). Association of a low concentration of the PDE III inhibitor (5 microM) with the PDE IV inhibitor (30 microM) potentiated the effect of the PDE IV inhibitor on cyclic AMP content, except for aorta without endothelium treated with SIN-1 plus SOD. 5. These data indicate that the presence of the endothelium could increase cyclic AMP content independently of NO and prostacyclin (PGI2) production. Furthermore, an increase in cyclic GMP content (modulated by NO production) could enhance the cyclic AMP accumulation induced by the PDE IV inhibitor. This result supports the hypothesis that PDE III inhibition by endogenous cyclic GMP may potentiate the effect of PDE IV inhibition on cyclic AMP content. Taken together with our previous studies on relaxation, these results suggest that the NO/cyclic GMP pathway could induce PDE IV-dependent regulation of cyclic AMP via PDE III inhibition.
<title>Soft x-ray spectrometer for in situ monitoring of thin-film growth</title> (1994)

We have designed and constructed a compact spectrometer dedicated to in-situ characterization of thin films during deposition, using soft x-ray emission spectroscopy. It consists of a Rowland-circle mounted spherical grating and entrance slit, or slit array to enhance throughput. A 2D position-sensitive detector (microchannel plate stack and resistive anode) is mounted tangent to the image of the slit(s) on the Rowland circle. The instrument covers an energy range of 240 - 700 eV using a 300 1/mm grating in the first order. Thus, the spectrometer simultaneously records K emission for low-Z elements C through F, while L emission for 3D metals can be recorded in first or higher orders. The resolution is approximately 300, allowing chemical analysis. Both detector and grating are housed in a vacuum chamber that is turbomolecularly pumped to a pressure below 10<SUP>-6</SUP> Torr. The instrument can be attached to any process chamber using a standard UHV flange. The slit extends into the process chamber separated from the housing by a valve. This valve can be closed, or in one of two open positions where thin foils serve as vacuum windows to protect the detector and grating, and as filters to reduce background counts from UV light. The spectrometer has successfully monitored a variety of processes in situ, including growth of optical TiN films by reactive magnetron sputter deposition, synchrotron radiation induced CVD of metallic films, and hot-filament CVD growth of diamond.
Study of Flow Field Variables in a Pressure Reducing Valve (2012)

Pressurized water valves are required in industrial applications ranging from steel industries to manufacturing plants where cooling is highly required. High water pressures are the most common requirement to descale oxide layers formed during steel production. The water passes through pumps, piping systems and valves before it flows out through nozzles. Such a high pressure requirement is generated from pumps and regulated by means of valves. The directional checking and ON-OFF regulation are the major jobs a valve should perform satisfactorily. The fluid properties are governed by mass, momentum and energy conservation as defined by Continuity, Navier-Stokes and Energy equation. The high pressure drop along the neck of the venturi induces cavitation problems which lead to failure over time. Variation of several fluid properties like pressure, wall shear stress can be seen as the fluid flows through the valve. The high pressure fluid at the upstream region goes through the downstream region from the nozzle when the given valve allows to exit. The sharp bends and turns inside the valve causes several properties of water to change throughout its flow domain. The failure being observed on a high pressure water flow passage on a specific geometrical cross section from one of the local companies will be evaluated from the computational analysis. Lately, a baffle system was modeled in 2D as one of the capstone design projects for an undergraduate student. The main objective of this system was to attain a pressure drop within the channel to prefill all the pipes and valves connected along the line so that sudden descaling high pressure would not burst the air along the pipe. No pressure based density variation was employed in this study. The wall shear stress computed using ANSYS Fluent code was found to be max where the actual failure had occurred. It has been noted that no pressure based density variation was employed in this study.
Convergence tradeoffs for EM-type algorithms (2003)

The author analyzes the convergence properties of the EM algorithm for iteratively approximating the maximum likelihood estimate. A radius of convergence is specified and the asymptotic rate of convergence of the algorithm derived via the multivariate Taylor expansion with remainder. The radius and rate of convergence generally depend on the choice of complete data. The results can be used to evaluate different choices of complete data space in terms of algorithm performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Passive polymer micro-resonator (rings and disks) WGMs FDTD simulation (2003)

http://web.unitn.it/convegni/photonics.htm