gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal-incidence efficiencies in the 115–340-Å wavelength region of replicas of the Skylab 3600-line/mm grating with multilayer and gold coatings (1995)

Multilayer and gold coatings were applied to replicas of the 3600-line/mm ruled grating that was developed for the Naval Research Laboratory S082A spectroheliograph that was flown on the Skylab spacecraft. The Mo-Si multilayer coating had a peak normal-incidence reflectance of 50% at a wavelength of 136 Å. The normal-incidence efficiency of the multilayer-coated grating was measured by the use of synchrotron radiation and was compared with the efficiency of the gold-coated replica grating in the 115-340-Å wavelength region. The peak efficiency of the multilayer grating was 1.3% in the 133-137-Å region and was a factor of 65 higher than the efficiency of the gold grating. The multilayer and gold coated gratings, as well as an uncoated replica grating substrate, were characterized by the use of a scanning probe microscope. The rms microroughness of the uncoated and multilayer-coated gratings was 10 Å, and the microroughness of the gold grating was 16 Å.
Ultimate analysis of prestressed and partially prestressed sections by strain compatibility (1977)

A non-linear analysis procedure which attempts to predict the behavior at ultimate of prestressed and partially prestressed sections is presented. It takes into consideration the non-linear characteristics of the steel but assumes that the strains and forces in the concrete at ultimate are well approximated by the ACI specifications. The numerical techniques and the computer program implementing the proposed procedure are rapidly reviewed. They help analyze the influence on ultimate behavior of major variables such as type of prestressing steel, amount of non- prestressed reinforcement, ultimate compressive strain and stress block dimensional coefficients of the concrete. Examples of applications and typical results are presented. It is shown that although the ACI recommended procedure to predict ultimate moment capacity is reasonably accurate and conservative, it may lead to substantial error in predicting strain in the prestressing steel and the corresponding curvature of the section. /Author/
Effect of Dry Eye Disease on the Kinetics of Lacrimal Gland Dendritic Cells as Visualized by Intravital Multi-Photon Microscopy (2020)

The lacrimal gland (LG) is the main source of the tear film aqueous layer and its dysfunction results in dry eye disease (DED), a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the ocular surface. The desiccating stress (DS) murine model that mimics human DED, results in LG dysfunction, immune cell infiltration, and consequently insufficient tear production. To date, the immune cell kinetics in DED are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to develop a murine model of intravital multi-photon microscopy (IV-MPM) for the LG, and to investigate the migratory kinetics and 3D morphological properties of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), the professional antigen presenting cells of the ocular surface, in DED. Mice were placed in a controlled environmental chamber with low humidity and increased airflow rate for 2 and 4 weeks to induce DED, while control naive transgenic mice were housed under standard conditions. DED mice had significantly decreased tear secretion and increased fluorescein staining (p < 0.01) compared to naive controls. Histological analysis of the LG exhibited infiltrating mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells (p < 0.05), as well as increased LG swelling (p < 0.001) in DED mice compared to controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased density of cDCs in DED mice (p < 0.001). IV-MPM of the LG demonstrated increased density of cDCs in the LGs of DED mice, compared with controls (p < 0.001). cDCs were more spherical in DED at both time points compared to controls (p < 0.001); however, differences in surface area were found at 2 weeks in DED compared with naive controls (p < 0.001). Similarly, 3D cell volume was significantly lower at 2 weeks in DED vs. the naive controls (p < 0.001). 3D instantaneous velocity and mean track speed were significantly higher in DED compared to naive mice (p < 0.001). Finally, the meandering index, an index for directionality, was significant increased at 4 weeks after DED compared with controls and 2 weeks of DED (p < 0.001). Our IV-MPM study sheds light into the 3D morphological alterations and cDC kinetics in the LG during DED. While in naive LGs, cDCs exhibit a more dendritic morphology and are less motile, they became more spherical with enhanced motility during DED. This study shows that IV-MPM represents a robust tool to study immune cell trafficking and kinetics in the LG, which might elucidate cellular alterations in immunological diseases, such as DED.
A Meldrum's Acid Based Multicomponent Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Fmoc‐isoxazolidin‐5‐ones: Entry to <i>N</i>‐Fmoc‐β‐amino Acids (2017)

A multicomponent Knoevenagel–aza‐Michael cyclocondensation (KaMC) reaction starting from Meldrum's acid has been developed with base‐sensitive N ‐Fmoc‐hydroxylamine. The reaction takes place under very mild basic conditions, providing a straightforward synthetic route to various unprecedented N ‐Fmoc‐isoxazolidin‐5‐ones. Subsequent chemoselective reductive cleavage of the N–O bond in the presence of Zn/AcOH allowed a short synthesis of the corresponding N ‐Fmoc‐β‐amino acids.
Grain and Seed Moisture and Density Measurement through Sensing of Dielectric Properties (2010)

The importance of moisture measurement in grain and seed is discussed, and a brief history of the development of moisture sensing instruments, based on sensing of dielectric properties of these materials, is presented. Data are presented graphically on the permittivities or dielectric properties of grain and seed showing their variation with frequency, moisture content, temperature, and bulk density, and references are cited for further information. More recent developments on microwave measurements for moisture content and bulk density sensing are briefly described, and numerous studies are cited providing sources of information on these promising techniques.
EFFECT ON THE HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUES AND THE BLOOD CELLS OF SUB-TOTAL IRRADIATION IN DAILY SESSIONS REPEATED FOR A MONTH (1962)

Mice received each day for four weeks 150 r, with one of the posterior paws being protected. The number of leukocytes decreases during the first week, but it is then stabilized. The functional activity of the bone marrow of nonirradiated regions, at first superior to the normal, later becomes less than normal. This phenomenon is probably connected to constant migrations of cell roots of irradiated tissues to nonirradiated tissues and vice versa. (tr-auth)
Measurements of Heats of Mixing in Liquid Gold Binary Alloys (1971)

Using the adiabatic calorimeter, heats of mixing in the binary liquid alloys consisting of gold and silver, aluminum, gallium, indium, germanium or tin were determined at 1100°C.The experimental results obtained were discussed in a similar way described in the previous paper.The main results obtained are as follows:(1) Some systematic correlations were found between heats of mixing in the gold alloys and positions of the considered couples on the periodic table, but the correlation in a given group is quite different from that in the silver or copper alloys.(2) The ξ function of the gold alloys having compounds in a solid phase shows a linear dependence on the gold concentration like that in subregular solution. This behavior is different from that of the silver or copper alloys, in which ξ shows a markedly negative value in the silver or copper rich region, owing to the larger electronegativity factor in the gold alloys.
Concentration of Corticotropin Releasing Factor by Chromatography on Carboxymethylcellulose (1959)

1) Neurohypophysial extracts of commercial origin were chromatographed on carboxymethylcellulose cation exchange adsorbent under conditions of pH and ionic strength gradient in view of separating CRF. An in vivo assay was used to assess CRF activity. 2) The method described is useful in large scale preparations. Fractions containing CRF were regularly found to emerge before lysine vasopressin and were well separated from oxytocin.
Characterization of fluid transport properties of reservoirs using induced microseismicity (2002)

Abstract We systematically describe an approach to estimate the large-scale permeability of reservoirs using seismic emission (microseismicity) induced by fluid injection. We call this approach seismicity-based reservoir characterization (SBRC). A simple variant of the approach is based on the hypothesis that the triggering front of hydraulically-induced microseismicity propagates like a diffusive process (pore pressure relaxation) in an effective homogeneous anisotropic poroelastic fluid-saturated medium. The permeability tensor of this effective medium is the permeability tensor upscaled to the characteristic size of the seismically active heterogeneous rock volume. We show that in a homogeneous medium the surface of the seismicity triggering front has the same form as the group-velocity surface of the low-frequency anisotropic, second-type Biots wave (i.e., slow wave). Further, we generalize SBRC for 3-D mapping of the permeability tensor of heterogeneous reservoirs and aquifers. For this we apply an approach similar to the geometric optics approximation. We derive an equation describing kinematic aspects of triggering-front propagation in a way similar to the eikonal equation for seismic wavefronts. In the case of isotropic heterogeneous media, the inversion for the hydraulic properties of rocks follows from a direct application of this equation. In the case of an anisotropic heterogeneous medium, only the magnitude of a global effective permeability tensor can be mapped in a 3-D spatial domain. We demonstrate the method on several field examples and also test the eikonal equation-based inversion.
The crystal structure of 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-1-yl diphenyl phosphate (1983)

Article The crystal structure of 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-1-yl diphenyl phosphate was published on November 1, 1983 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 163, issue 1-4).
Altered NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonist Response in Individuals With a Family Vulnerability to Alcoholism (2004)

These data suggest that alterations in NMDA receptor function may contribute to subjective response to ethanol and therefore also to the risk of developing alcoholism.
Advanced topologies and modulation strategies for multilevel inverters (2002)

Multilevel inverters have been attracting increasing attention in the past few years as power converters of choice in high voltage and high power applications. Various topologies to realize these inverters have been introduced and studied. Waveform synthesis methods for these inverters include staircase modulation, sine-triangle carrier modulation, space vector modulation, and other predictive methods. This paper presents the development of real-time voltage control techniques for multilevel inverters based on multilevel sigma delta modulators. The spectral performance of the output waveforms is investigated. Various design criteria, performance characteristics, comparison with existing modulation methods and other practical issues are discussed in detail in the paper.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues (2016)

We report a second-generation synthesis of the exceedingly potent antimitotic agent N<sup>14</sup>-desacetoxytubulysin H (1) as well as the preparation of nine analogues of this lead structure. Highlights of our synthetic efforts include an efficient late-stage functionalization that allows for the preparation of new side-chain- and backbone-modified analogues. We also discovered C-terminal modifications that preserve the exquisite biological activity of acid 1 and offer the opportunity for effective conjugation to cell type-targeting moieties. All analogues had antiproliferative activities in the high picomolar to low nanomolar range and caused apoptosis and mitotic arrest as measured in a high content nuclear morphology assay. The ten synthetic agents described herein spanned a range of almost 4 orders of magnitude in biological activity and illustrate the continued potential to discover extraordinarily potent antiproliferative compounds based on natural product leads.
Cellular therapy (1993)

Attempts to treat cancer by stimulation of cell-mediated responses in the host (active immunotherapy) or by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes remain the major areas of research in biologic therapy for cancer. Focus in adoptive immunotherapy has swung decisively from transfer of lymphokine-activated killer cells together with interleukin-2 to transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or lymphocytes activated against tumor cells by various procedures and transfected or not with cytokine genes. These treatment approaches are applicable only in major cancer research centers, and they have not yet been proven to be more effective than stimulation of host immune responses with vaccines or cytokines, or both. Immunotherapy with tumor cells transfected with cytokine genes is a promising new approach to active immunotherapy, which is providing new insights into cellular responses to tumors. Increased attention is being given to the role of tumor-derived inhibitors of immune responses, which may limit the effectiveness of cellular therapy. Future treatments may need to block these tumor-derived inhibitors and provide effective cell-mediated responses against tumors.
From a Phosphaketenyl‐Functionalized Germylene to 1,3‐Digerma‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene (2016)

Abstract The first 4π‐electron resonance‐stabilized 1,3‐digerma‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene [L H 2 Ge 2 P 2 ] 4 (L H =CH[CHNDipp] 2 Dipp=2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ) with four‐coordinate germanium supported by a β‐diketiminate ligand and two‐coordinate phosphorus atoms has been synthesized from the unprecedented phosphaketenyl‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic germylene [L H Ge‐P=C=O] 2 a prepared by salt‐metathesis reaction of sodium phosphaethynolate (P≡C−ONa) with the corresponding chlorogermylene [L H GeCl] 1 a . Under UV/Vis light irradiation at ambient temperature, release of CO from the P=C=O group of 2 a leads to the elusive germanium–phosphorus triply bonded species [L H Ge≡P] 3 a , which dimerizes spontaneously to yield black crystals of 4 as isolable product in 67 % yield. Notably, release of CO from the bulkier substituted [L tBu Ge‐P=C=O] 2 b (L tBu =CH[C( t Bu) N ‐Dipp] 2 ) furnishes, under concomitant extrusion of the diimine [Dipp‐NC( t Bu)] 2 , the bis‐N,P‐heterocyclic germylene [DippNC( t Bu)C(H)PGe] 2 5 .
DNA amplification of HIV-1 in seropositive individuals and in seronegative at-risk individuals (1990)

We assessed the HIV-1 status of seropositive and seronegative at-risk individuals by the polymerase chain reaction. Fifty-four out of 55 HIV-1-seropositive samples scored positive. However, HIV-1 proviral DNA was not detected in 16 seronegative homosexuals, 20 seronegative polytransfused haemophiliacs and 20 seronegative thalassaemic children, 20 individuals with isolated and persistent anti-core antibodies and 74 seronegative blood donors. These data indicate that positive HIV-1 DNA is likely to be an exceptional phenomenon in HIV-seronegative people.
NT‐proBNP Qualifies as a Surrogate for Clinical End Points in Heart Failure (2021)

N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-established biomarker in heart failure (HF) but controversially discussed as a potential surrogate marker in HF trials. We analyzed the NT-proBNP/mortality relationship in real-world data (RWD) of 108,330 HF patients from the IBM Watson Health Explorys database and compared it with the NT-proBNP / clinical event end-point relationship in 20 clinical HF studies. With a hierarchical statistical model, we quantified the functional relationship and interstudy variability. To independently qualify the model, we predicted outcome hazard ratios in five phase III HF studies solely based on NT-proBNP measured early in the respective study. In RWD and clinical studies, the relationship between NT-proBNP and clinical outcome is well described by an E<sub>max</sub> model. The NT-proBNP independent baseline risk (R<sub>0</sub> , RWD/studies median (interstudy interquartile range): 5.5%/3.0% (1.7-4.9%)) is very low compared with the potential NT-proBNP-associated maximum risk (R<sub>max</sub> : 55.2%/79.4% (61.5-89.0%)). The NT-proBNP concentration associated with the half-maximal risk is comparable in RWD and across clinical studies (EC<sub>50</sub> : 3,880/2,414 pg/mL (1,460-4,355 pg/mL)). Model-based predictions of phase III outcomes, relying on short-term NT-proBNP data only, match final trial results with comparable confidence intervals. Our analysis qualifies NT-proBNP as a surrogate for clinical outcome in HF trials. NT-proBNP levels after short treatment durations of less than 10 weeks quantitatively predict hazard ratios with confidence levels comparable to final trial readout. Early NT-proBNP measurement can therefore enable shorter and smaller but still reliable HF trials.
Discordant K‐Ar and young exposure dates for the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley, Gale Crater, Mars (2016)

Abstract K‐Ar and noble gas surface exposure age measurements were carried out on the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley region, Gale Crater, Mars, by using the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument on the Curiosity rover. The sandstone is unusually rich in sanidine, as determined by CheMin X‐ray diffraction, contributing to the high K 2 O concentration of 3.09 ± 0.20 wt % measured by Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer analysis. A sandstone aliquot heated to ~915°C yielded a K‐Ar age of 627 ± 50 Ma. Reheating this aliquot yielded no additional Ar. A second aliquot heated in the same way yielded a much higher K‐Ar age of 1710 ± 110 Ma. These data suggest incomplete Ar extraction from a rock with a K‐Ar age older than 1710 Ma. Incomplete extraction at ~900°C is not surprising for a rock with a large fraction of K carried by Ar‐retentive K‐feldspar. Likely, variability in the exact temperature achieved by the sample from run to run, uncertainties in sample mass estimation, and possible mineral fractionation during transport and storage prior to analysis may contribute to these discrepant data. Cosmic ray exposure ages from 3 He and 21 Ne in the two aliquots are minimum values given the possibility of incomplete extraction. However, the general similarity between the 3 He (57 ± 49 and 18 ± 32 Ma, mean 30 Ma) and 21 Ne (2 ± 32 and 83 ± 24 Ma, mean 54 Ma) exposure ages provides no evidence for underextraction. The implied erosion rate at the Kimberley location is similar to that reported at the nearby Yellowknife Bay outcrop.
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2020)

Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
Multiple parallel rf excited CO2 lasers. Patent Application (1985)

Dual-waveguide lasers transversely excited in parallel from a common source of radio frequency are provided with one or more channels or bores connecting the laser cavities. The dimensions and configuration of the connecting channels are chosen so that the electric field from the applied RF excitation source will be higher in the connecting channels than in either of the paralleled waveguide gas-discharge cavities, or that the electron collision loss to the nearby ceramic and metallic walls will be lower in the connecting channels than in the aforementioned waveguide cavities. The initial gas breakdown is thus made to preferentially occur in the connecting channels and thus force initiation of both laser cavities simultaneously.
Mechanical and physical properties of semi-isostatically densified wood (2006)

When wood is densified through semi-isostatical compression in a Quintus- press at pressures up to 140 MPa, the material properties change. The cells are flattened, size is decreased and shape is changed, as a consequence of this the density is increased. Most properties of native woods are strongly correlated to the density. This is also true for densified wood. To understand the compression mechanisms plastic and elastic strains were studied at different pressures. Strength, density, anatomy and swelling were studied. Some of the methods used were: image analysis, computer tomography scanning (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing. Data was statistically analysed by linear regression and multivariate statistical methods. A big advantage of using semi-isostatic pressure is that wood of all dimensions, with knots and anomalous wood can be compressed without major checking. As the pressure is mediated through a flexible diaphragm the density becomes homogenous. Plain-sawn wood with inside-face to press-table gets the most homogenous density and the most rectangular shape. Strength is improved by the densification, especially the hardness, the bending and the axial compression strength. At water-soaking densified wood, the cell-shape recovers almost completely. This indicates the non-destructive character of the process. The swelling pressure, that develops when densified wood is restrained from dimensional change and then water-soaked, is more than twice as high as for native wood. The swelling can be reduced by deep impregnation with oil in combination with a surface lacquer.
Maternale Deprivation führt DPP4-abhängig zu einer Verzögerung der morphologischen Lungenausreifung in F344 Ratten (2010)

Einleitung: Wir konnten zeigen, dass „immunologischer Stress“ zu DPP4-anhängigen Unterschieden in der morphologischen postnatalen Lungenausreifung führt (Schünke et al., 2008). Außerdem führt psychischer Stress im Modell der maternalen Deprivation (MD) zu veränderter Asthmaempfindlichkeit (Kruschinski et al. 2008).
Light and Electron Microscopic Studies of Schroeteria delastrina and S. poeltii (1989)

Schroeteria delastrina and 5. poeltii were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Schroeteria has traditionally been classified in the Ustilaginales, but karyogamy and meiosis do not occur in spores or in germination hyphae. Spores and Hyphae are multinucleate and the conidia (“sporidia”) arise endogenously. Based on these facts, on the morphology of the spindle pole bodies, on the presence of pores with a pore plug and Woronin bodies at the septa and, on the absence of layering in the cell wall, we conclude that S. delastrina and S. poeltii are anamorphs of Ascomycetes. Consequently, the genus Schroeteria should be exchided from the Ustilaginales.
CMOS 45 GHz vector modulator with gain/phase correction through calibration (2013)

A 45 GHz vector modulator designed in 45 nm SOI CMOS is presented along with an open‐loop calibration technique for gain/phase correction. The continuous 360° vector modulator consists of a passive quadrature signal generation network followed by a Gilbert cell modulator. The simple, open‐loop calibration procedure results in RMS gain and phase errors less than 0.5 dB and 5°, respectively. The circuit consumes 18 mW of DC power from a 1 V supply.
Effects of Aircraft Interaction on Performance of B-Dot Sensor for Delta-Wing and Cargo-Type Aircraft. (1986)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21018/2/rl0833.0001.001.pdf