gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase System in Nonciliated Bronchiolar Epithelial (Clara) Cells Isolated from Mouse Lung (1991)

The nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell of the mouse is highly susceptible to toxicants that undergo metabolic activation, presumably because this cell type has high levels of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. As a first step in further defining the role of Clara cells in pulmonary xenobiotic activation and detoxication, we have isolated Clara cells (75 to 80% purity) and characterized them morphologically and biochemically. The identity of Clara cells, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, was based on several features, including abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum, large mitochondria, and dense secretory granules. Immunocytochemistry of isolated mouse cells showed that the majority were positive with antibodies against three major components of the pulmonary cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system, cytochrome P-450 isozymes 2 (IIB), 5 (IVB), and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, purified from rabbit lung. The isolated cells also showed a positive reaction with an antibody against the cytochrome P-450 isozyme that is active in the stereoselective metabolism of naphthalene, cytochrome P-450 mN (mN). Immunocytochemistry using the antibody against cytochrome P-450 isozyme 6 (IA1), purified from rabbit lung, showed no reaction in the isolated cells. The presence of intact cytochrome P-450 protein was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blots of homogenates of isolated cell preparations. The N-demethylation of benzphetamine and epoxidation of naphthalene occurred at easily measurable rates in incubations of isolated Clara cells. In contrast, diols, quinones, and monohydroxylated benzo(a)pyrene metabolites, analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, were undetectable in extracts of Clara cells incubated with 3H-labeled substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reaction of Fluorine and Carbons, and Properties of Their Compounds (1968)

炭素極の陽極過電圧や陽極効果は炭素材質に著しく影響する。これは極表面に生成する炭素フッ化物の性質によるものである。その化合物は極端に低い表面エネルギーを有するので, 潤滑性, 撥水撥油性はポリテトラフルオルエチレン樹脂より秀れている。上記の理由により炭素材質5 種類について, フッ素との反応性とそれらの化合物の二, 三の性質について調べた。各炭素材質には特有の反応に対する最適温度があり, その差異は炭素の結晶性と比表面積に関係する。また100℃ 以下の低温反応では化学結合に至る遷移状態があり, その速度はきわめて遅く, 60日後でもわずか1～2% 変化するに過ぎない。したがって常温で安定であるが, ヨウ化カリウム溶液中ではヨウ素を酸化する能力をもち, 一種の吸着状態を示すが真の意味での可逆的な吸着ではない。完全反応したものは白色の粉末で, 原料材質の構造の差異はフッ化物になるにしたがって小さくなる。分解温度は各炭素原料によって異なり, 結晶性の高い原料ほど高く, 真比重と分解温度は比例する。この分解は不均一化反応を呈し無定形炭素固体と揮発性フッ化物になる。これらの結果はハロゲン電極反応の事実とよく一致する。
A Separate Antibiotic-binding Site in Xanthosine-5'-phosphate Aminase: Inhibitor- and Substrate-binding Studies<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Separate Antibiotic-binding Site in Xanthosine-5'-phosphate Aminase: Inhibitor- and Substrate-binding Studies*T. T. Fukuyama and H. S. MoyedCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 10, 1488–1492Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00898a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00898a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Staphylococcal Superantigenic Toxins by a CD69-Specific Cytofluorimetric Assay Measuring T-Cell Activation (1998)

The presence of staphylococcal superantigenic toxins in the supernatants of liquid cultures was detected by an easy and rapid method assessing the activation of T lymphocytes by cytofluorimetric measurement of CD69 expression. Staphylococcus aureus cells were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. Supernatant fluids from all S. aureus strains producing superantigen-related toxins, including enterotoxins A to E, toxic shock syndrome toxin, and exfoliative toxins A and B, induced CD69 expression in a significantly higher number of T cells than a cutoff of 2%. This CD69 assay might be used for initial detection of superantigens from S. aureus strains isolated in the context of staphylococcal toxemia or related chronic human diseases such as atopic dermatitis or Kawasaki syndrome.
Physics and the Quandaries of Contemporary Psychiatry: Review and Research (1999)

Although in physics, quantum mechanical principles have long replaced Newtonian ones, we continue to apply the latter in models of the mind and its diseases. This article discusses the possible theoretical application of quantum principles to mind-brain function. Empirically, this study tested which of these principles practicing psychiatrists found more applicable in clinical practice. Psychiatrists (N = 382) at universities around the United States were asked to answer a questionnaire that contained clinical scenarios reflecting mental, interpersonal, or therapeutic processes corresponding to quantum or classical physical principles. Respondents (N = 191) were significantly more likely to rate scenarios reflecting quantum principles as being consistent with their experience than they were those reflecting classical principles (p < .0005). This effect was significantly greater in more experienced psychiatrists. Quantum physics, a powerful tool in understanding properties of both micro- and macro-level phenomena, may have implications at the human level, invoking the roles of observer, interpersonal relationships, and resources such as resiliency and creativity.
Quantitative assessment of cardiac load-responsiveness during extracorporeal life support: case and rationale (2010)

We describe a case of a patient assisted by extracorporeal life support, in which we obtained the dynamic filling index, a measure for venous volume during extracorporeal life support, and used this index to assess cardiac load-responsiveness during acute reloading. While reloading, the obtained findings on cardiac pump function by the dynamic filling index were supported by trans-esophageal echocardiography and standard pressure measurement. This suggests that the dynamic filling index can be used to assess cardiac load-responsiveness during extracorporeal life support.
A parallel, transputer-based data acquisition system for on-line PET imaging of proton and gamma-ray radiotherapy beams (1996)

We have designed and built a modified Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging system for monitoring the dose delivered by proton and y-ray radiotherapy beams. By measuring the amount and ratio of the beam-induced positronemitting activity, the dose distribution and tissue composition may be determined. The system utilizes fast LeCroy ECLine electronics and a VME multinode transputer based frontend. Utilizing a transputer based filter, positron annihilation events containing timing, energy, and position information will be filtered in real-time at event rates of up to 40 kHz. This will result in only valid events being transmitted back to the host for further analysis and display, reducing both storage media requirements and image reconstruction time. At these rates proton radiotherapy beams may be monitored between beam pulses for on-line range verification. It will also be possible to perform bloodflow studies on tumors using the activity induced by a y-ray radiotherapy beam. Future electronic developments will allow event rates up to roughly 80 kHz. For both treatment modalities, determination of the composition of tumors will directly affect treatment planning through compensation for oxygen enhancement effects to the dose.
Resistance to Toxins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kurstaki</i> Causes Minimal Cross-Resistance to <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>aizawai</i> in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1993)

Repeated exposure in the field followed by laboratory selection produced 1,800- to >6,800-fold resistance to formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Four toxins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki [CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIIA] caused significantly less mortality in resistant larvae than in susceptible larvae. Resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki formulations and toxins did not affect the response to CryIC toxin from B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. Larvae resistant to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki showed threefold cross-resistance to formulations of B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai containing CryIC and CryIA toxins. This minimal cross-resistance may be caused by resistance to CryIA toxins shared by B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai.
ESR Studies of Heisenberg Spin Exchange. III. An ELDOR Study (1970)

We report the first quantitative test of the theory for electron–electron double resonance (ELDOR) of free radicals in solution. The reduction factors R for the ELDOR spectra of aqueous solutions of the peroxylamine disulfonate dianion radical (PADS) were examined and shown to fit the theory given by Hyde, Chien, and Freed in the extrapolated limit of infinite pump power. Some of the experimental and theoretical problems are discussed. The effect of exchange on the saturation properties of PADS was investigated and shown to agree, within experimental error, with the theory discussed in Part I of this series. The implications of these results for the determination of relaxation times in complex systems are briefly discussed.
The Relative Distribution of Membranous and Cytoplasmic Met Is a Prognostic Indicator in Stage I and II Colon Cancer (2008)

These data indicate that the relative subcellular distribution of Met, as measured by novel automated image analysis, may be a valuable biomarker for estimating colon cancer prognosis.
Perception management for the guidance of unmanned vehicles (2004)

A review of multi-sensor management for sensor fusion as applied to the guidance of unmanned vehicles is presented. The need for something more than sensor management is presented introducing the concept of perception management. The concept is information-oriented and looks into the supervision and control of multi-sensors with the purpose of enhancing the perception process. This paper proposes two perception management methods: (i) means to measure performance through the use of information theory based techniques and, (ii) a query oriented supervision system that reconfigures sensors as a function of the system operation mode and the performance being attained by all the combined sensors. In addition the concept of a design framework of perception management is outlined
Effect of axial magnetic flux compression on the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability (theory) (2014)

Possible effects on the liner implosion of an early plasma formation outside the liner are discussed. At the modest density and temperature this plasma is a sufficiently good conductor to trap the pre-imposed axial magnetic field. The rising axial current compresses the plasma and axial field towards the liner surface and creates high-magnetic-field filamentary structures that seed the perturbations by the mechanism proposed in Ref. 1, but in a significantly higher field. Possible sources of this plasma are briefly discussed.
Ferromagnetic Nuclear Resonance of Single-Domain Cobalt Particles (1965)

Nuclear magnetic resonance in single-domain fcc cobalt particles 100 to 150 \AA{} in diameter has been observed at 216.85 Mc/sec at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The negative shift in resonance frequency with applied field establishes that the hyperfine field at the cobalt nucleus is negative. A super-regenerative oscillator spectrometer is described that has sufficient sensitivity to observe the weak resonance. The shift in nuclear resonance frequency in single-domain cobalt particles is calculated in a self-consistent way for low and high applied-field limits. The effects of particle size and superparamagnetic behavior have been observed and explained for cobalt particles less than 90 \AA{} in diameter. A theoretical analysis of the rf excitation in single-domain and multidomain particles is included.
Detector spectral response from 350 to 1200 nm using a monochromator based spectral comparator (1978)

The. method o {, n.zlatlvz Apzctn.al detector KzAponAz mzaAun.zment baAzd on ^llteHA o ^known tn.anAmlttance and a ApzctKal ln.n.adlancz Atandan.d lamp uiaA uAzd to mea.Au.fie the HZAponAlvlty o a thznmopllz.
Trypsin‐SBTI interaction in reverse micelles A slow intermicellar exchange‐dependent binding (1991)

Solubilisate exchange between reverse micelles must take place before any reaction inside reverse micelles occurs if the reactants are confined to the aqueous micellar core. When the interacting species are 2 small molecules or one small molecule and one macromolecule, it has been shown that the exchange is faster than the typical turnover of an enzymatic reaction. The study of the interaction between 2 macromolecules (trypsin and soybean trypsin inhibitor) in reverse micelles carried out in this work reveals that the exchange between these macromolecule-containing reverse micelles slows down by a thousand times and the limiting-step in the exchange, the fusion, by 10(6) times. Both reverse micellar size (omega 0 = [water]/[surfactant]) and temperature affected the rate of the fusion process. A hypothesis for the proposed active role of macromolecules in the exchange process is also given.
A pyridine-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based donor–acceptor polymer showing high mobility in ambipolar and n-channel organic thin film transistors (2014)

A new donor–acceptor polymer based on pyridine-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole shows high mobilities in both ambipolar and unipolar n-type organic thin film transistors.
FINITE LARMOR ORBIT STABILIZATION (1965)

nature of the m = 1 eigenfunctions, finite ion gyroradius effects are negligible for the kink modes of very large wavelength. This special nature of the eigenfunctions, however, makes these modes good candidates for wall stabilization. The finite Larmor radius stabilization of m = 1 modes of a diffuse pinch is contrary to the conventional wisdom that has evolved from studies of sharp-boundary, skin-current models of the pinch.
Bacterial adhesion to polyelectrolyte modified materials based on nanocellulose (2016)

Since the introduction of materials based on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), these materials have been studied extensively and are suggested to be suitable for use in, for example, hygiene and health care products. A property not very well studied but that could further increase the usability of CNF products is the possibility of controlling bacterial adhesion to the materials. Controlling and fine-tuning the bacterial adhesion makes it possible to produce contact-active antibacterial materials as well as anti-adhesive materials.The current thesis shows how the number of bacteria adhering to CNF-based materials can be altered through the adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Polyvinylamine (PVAm) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were adsorbed in multilayers to achieve differently charged materials. The CNF substrates consisted of both crosslinked and non-crosslinked films with different surface charges and structures as well as porous aerogels.The results show the possibility of adsorbing PVAm/PAA to recharge the surfaces and construct multilayers. The polyelectrolyte adsorption was affected both by crosslinking and by changing the surface charge of the CNF films. Increasing the surface charge resulted in a decreased PVAm adsorption after the first polymer layer. Crosslinking the films resulted in a low initial PVAm adsorption, but as more layers were adsorbed, the PVAm adsorption increased similarly to the non-crosslinked films. The PVAm adsorption to the aerogels was lower than expected, taking into account their high surface area and surface charge, possibly due to crowding effects on the surface due to geometric limitations.Only the CNF films with the lowest surface charge and the aerogels adsorbed high numbers of bacteria from bacterial suspensions. The bacterial adsorption to the films was affected by the surface charge, the PAA adsorption and the PVAm adsorption, with a higher net surface charge leading to higher bacterial adsorption. The aerogels efficiently removed bacteria from the bacterial suspensions by adsorbing them onto their surface, with some samples removing over 99.9 % of the bacteria. The results presented in this thesis are believed to lead to a better understanding of both polyelectrolyte adsorption on CNF materials and bacterial adhesion to CNF materials and how polyelectrolyte multilayer adsorption can alter it.
Comparison of Emission Models With Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation and a Proposed Improved Model (2003)

Understanding source behavior is important in controlling exposure to airborne contaminants. Industrial hygienists are often asked to infer emission information from room concentration data. This is not easily done, but models that make simplifying assumptions regarding contaminant transport are frequently used. The errors resulting from these assumptions are not yet well understood. This study compares emission estimates from the single-zone completely mixed (CM-1), two-zone completely mixed (CM-2), and uniform diffusivity (UD) models with the emissions set as boundary conditions in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of a workplace. The room airflow and concentration fields were computed using Fluent 4. These numerical experiments were factorial combinations of three source locations, five receptor locations, three dilution airflow rates, and two generation rate profiles, constant and time-varying. The aim was to compute plausible concentration fields, not to simulate exactly the processes in a real workroom. Thus, error is defined here as the difference between model and CFD predictions. For the steady-state case the UD model had the lowest error. When the source near-field contained the breathing zone receptor, the CM-2 model was applied. Then, in decreasing agreement with CFD were UD, CM-2, and CM-1. Averaging over all source and receptor locations (CM-2 applied for only one), in decreasing order of agreement with CFD were UD, CM-1, and CM-2. Source and receptor location had large effects on emission estimates using the CM-1 model and some effect using the UD model. A location-specific mixing factor (location factor) derived from steady-state concentration gradients was used to build a more accurate time-dependent emission model, CM-L. Total mass emitted from a time-varying source was modeled most accurately by CM-L, followed by CM-1 and CM-2.
RF conductivity of biodegradable conductive polymers used for a new generation of partially/fully resorbable wireless implantable sensors (2012)

RLC resonators are used for wireless power/data transmission in short-range telemetry (inductive link). The biodegradable conductive polymer composites PLLA-PPy and PCL-PPy are used to fabricate RLC resonators, with the ultimate goal of making a fully biodegradable implant for in vivo operation. Modeling the RF conductivity of PLLA-PPy and PCL-PPy as a function of frequency is required to correctly design the electrical circuits. In this paper, two models (the empirical Jonscher's model and Papathanassiou's model), based on DC and RF measurements, are used to predict the conductivity of the polymer composites at several frequencies of interest for telemetry operation.
EFFECT OF TINTED OPTICAL FILTERS ON VISUAL ACUITY AND CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA (2007)

Although the use of TFs for the CME patients was not associated with criteria of clinically significant improvement, our results indicate that visual acuity and CS in patients with inflammatory CME might benefit from the use of TFs.
Insulin Released from Fetal Rat Pancreases Transplanted into Normal and Diabetic Animals During Perfusion (1980)

Insulin release from the pancreas in response to glucose appears at the end of gestation in the fetal rat and develops completely in the neonatal period. To determine when this response begins to occur in fetal pancreases transplanted into adult animals, in vitro perfusions were performed in normal and diabetic rats after varying periods of growth. Responsivity to a 300 mg/dl glucose as opposed to a basal medium (50 mg/dl) was not present in the transplanted organ after 3 or 5 wk of growth in normal rats, despite a rise in total insulin content from 88 ± 10 mU to 197 ± 10 mU per two pancreases. Transfer of the pancreases—after 3 wk in the normal—to a diabetic rat for 2 wk resulted in a greater insulin content (343 ± 15 mU) and more insulin being released during perfusion with the basal medium (1863 ± 56 vs. 1374 ± 113 μU/h). Insulin release from these pancreases doubled during perfusion with the high glucose medium rather than with the basal medium. When the transplanted pancreas was left in the normal rats for 5 wk before being transferred to the diabetic animal for 2 wk, the insulin content increased (450 ±10 mU) but there was no response to the glucose challenge during perfusion, despite good function, indicated by a response of all transplanted animals in the diabetic state. We conclude that glucose-induced insulin release will develop in the fetal rat pancreas transplanted into an adult animal after exposure to hyperglycemia, but optimal function requires a period of prior normoglycemia. Careful control of blood glucose with insulin may provide these conditions and will be required when this method is applied to diabetic patients.
Role of Red Blood Corpuscles in Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate (1956)

Renal blood flow was measured as a function of arterial red cell concentration in acute experiments on anesthetized cats breathing oxygen. Renal blood flow changed only slightly when the arterial red cell concentration was varied over the range 20–55%, despite large changes in the viscosity of blood as measured in a glass tube or in a perfused hindleg. When the red cell concentration was progressively reduced below 20%, however, the blood flow (measured at constant pressure) increased greatly, despite the fact that blood viscosity changes very little in this range of cell concentrations. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance) were measured as a function of arterial pressure at normal and at very low arterial red cell concentrations. Autoregulation of both renal blood flow and filtration rate was partly or wholly abolished at low red cell concentrations. Autoregulation returned when cells were restored. The experimental results are explicable in terms of the cell-separation theory of renal hemodynamics (1). According to this theory the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are largely controlled by the efficiency of separation of red cells from plasma in the interlobular arteries. Many observations which were previously attributed to differential changes in afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance can be equally well accounted for in terms of the cell-separation theory.