gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved methods for determining the equivalent circuit parameters for single-phase induction motor models (2002)

The traditional model of a single-phase induction motor is a poor performance predictor, especially when the motor is heavily loaded. Including core loss components improves the accuracy of this model considerably. Three possible equivalent circuits are developed which provide more accurate results. Using no-load and locked rotor test results, two equations can be solved simultaneously to determine appropriate values for the model parameters. The proposed models are then compared to measured data and found to give much better agreement than the traditional model. The nonlinearities of the model are explored by using an iterative technique to empirically refine the rotor resistance. This method yields predictions that are very close to measured values over a wide range of speeds, often within 5%. The best results were obtained by including a core loss resistor in parallel with the forward and backward field circuit magnetizing reactances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On creating reference templates for speaker-independent recognition of words (1977)

The three aspects of a statistical approach to a pattern recognition problem are the selection of features, choice of a measure of similarity, and a method for creating the reference templates (patterns) used in the statistical tests. In this talk, we concentrate on methods for creating the reference templates. In particular, a method of combining word patterns from a number of speakers is proposed. The creation of templates, based on this method, is discussed. To test the ideas proposed here, a 54-word vocabulary word recognition system was implemented. Using a selected set of the training words to create the template, recognition accuracies of 85% were obtained in a forced-choice recognition test on the 54-word vocabulary using eight new speakers. The correct word was within the top five choices 98% of the time. Using a strategy in which all the training words were used to create the templates, the recognition accuracy fell to 77% and the correct word was within the top five choices only 89% of the time.
On the Sensitivity of Mean-Variance-Efficient Portfolios to Changes in Asset Means: Some Analytical and Computational Results (1991)

This paper investigates the sensitivity of mean-variance(MV)-efficient portfolios to changes in the means of individual assets. When only a budget constraint is imposed on the investment problem, the analytical results indicate that an MV-efficient portfolio’s weights, mean, and variance can be extremely sensitive to changes in asset means. When nonnegativity constraints are also imposed on the problem, the computational results confirm that a positively weighted MV-efficient portfolio’s weights are extremely sensitive to changes in asset means, but the portfolio’s returns are not. A surprisingly small increase in the mean of just one asset drives half the securities from the portfolio. Yet the portfolio’s expected return and standard deviation are virtually unchanged.
A systematic review of different models of home and community care services for older persons (2011)

The outcomes of each model of care differ and correspond to the model's focus. Combining key elements of all three models may maximize outcomes.
What Adolescents Want to Know (1971)

Adolescents are interested in the facts about normality of thoughts masturbation perversions penis size homosexual experiences pornography venereal disease and pregnancy. Sex education curricula should provide instruction for the correct use of condoms pills diaphragms and the facts about IUDs hormone injections and foams. Moral guidance should be stressed. Sex education curricula should be taught in a straightforward manner using interesting language.
Does P-glycoprotein play a role in clinical resistance of malignant astrocytoma? (1999)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a 170 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein which plays a significant role in modulating pleomorphic or multiple drug resistance (MDR) in a wide variety of human cancers like renal and colorectal carcinoma. However, its role in modulating drug resistance in other types of cancer is less well defined. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the evidence that P-gp plays an important role in producing drug resistance in astrocytic gliomas. Malignant astrocytoma is clinically resistant to most types of cytotoxic drugs, including those associated with the MDR phenotype and the cross-resistance patterns of short-term cultures derived from malignant glioma are consistent with this phenotype. Consequently, it might be expected that this tumor would express high levels of P-gp. However, immunohistochemical findings from a number of previous studies have provided conflicting data about the expression of P-gp in these tumors, although P-gp has been consistently detected in normal brain in the endothelial cells in cerebral blood vessels and is thought to contribute to the blood-brain barrier phenomena. In order to determine if P-gp contributes to drug resistance in malignant astrocytoma, we undertook a study of P-gp expression in a panel of short-term cultures derived from these tumors in which we determined the in vitro chemosensitivity. However, immunocytochemical studies with a panel of antibodies which recognize both internal and external epitopes of the P-gp molecule have consistently failed to show the characteristic membrane staining associated with MDR in any of the cultures, including those markedly cross-resistant to vincristine and doxorubicin. One antibody, JSB-1, showed heterogeneous granular cytoplasmic staining which was unrelated to a particular pattern of drug resistance. This is probably because this antibody cross-reacts with a widely distributed cytoplasmic antigen, pyruvate carboxylase, which is present in abundance in normal astrocytes. The unexpectedly poor specificities of many of the antibodies thought to be specific for P-gp is reviewed in the context of malignant astrocytoma. In conclusion, the role of P-gp in producing drug resistance in malignant astrocytoma is questionable and further studies might more profitably concentrate on the mechanisms of resistance to DNA-damaging agents like the nitrosoureas, methylating agents or platinum-based drugs.
Drought-Induced Effects on Nitrate Reductase Activity and mRNA and on the Coordination of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Maize Leaves1 (1998)

Maize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown to the nine-leaf stage. Despite a saturating N supply, the youngest mature leaves (seventh position on the stem) contained little NO3- reserve. Droughted plants (deprived of nutrient solution) showed changes in foliar enzyme activities, mRNA accumulation, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate and amino acid contents. Total leaf water potential and CO2 assimilation rates, measured 3 h into the photoperiod, decreased 3 d after the onset of drought. Starch, glucose, fructose, and amino acids, but not sucrose (Suc), accumulated in the leaves of droughted plants. Maximal extractable phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities increased slightly during water deficit, whereas the sensitivity of this enzyme to the inhibitor malate decreased. Maximal extractable Suc phosphate synthase activities decreased as a result of water stress, and there was an increase in the sensitivity to the inhibitor orthophosphate. A correlation between maximal extractable foliar nitrate reductase (NR) activity and the rate of CO2 assimilation was observed. The NR activation state and maximal extractable NR activity declined rapidly in response to drought. Photosynthesis and NR activity recovered rapidly when nutrient solution was restored at this point. The decrease in maximal extractable NR activity was accompanied by a decrease in NR transcripts, whereas Suc phosphate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase mRNAs were much less affected. The coordination of N and C metabolism is retained during drought conditions via modulation of the activities of Suc phosphate synthase and NR commensurate with the prevailing rate of photosynthesis.
The role of lysosomal elastase in the digestion of Escherichia coli proteins by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: experiments with living leukocytes. (1976)

A C T Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) elastase has been implicated in various pathological conditions. However, its physiological role remains undefined. One possible function of this enzyme may be digestion of bacterial proteins after phagocytosis. To test this hypothesis, we prepared Escherichia coli labeled with [3H]arginine and treated these bacteria with a lipid-soluble, active-site-directed chloromethyl ketone inactivator of pancreatic and granulocyte elastases (carbobenzoxy-L-glycyl-L-leucyl-L-alanine chloromethyl ketone, dissolved in methanol). Control bacteria were treated with methanol alone.-When E. coli pre- treated with the inactivator were incubated with solutions of porcine pancreatic elastase or with PMN granule extract, release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity was significantly lower than in the control E. coli. Similar results were obtained when treated and control E. coli were fed to viable human PMN. In con- trast, release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity from E. coli containing ['H]thymidine was not affected by pretreatment of bacteria with elastase inactivator before feeding them to PMN, suggesting that phagocytosis of E. coli had not been inhibited by the chloromethyl ketone. When treated and control bacteria were fed to PMN, no significant difference was observed in the activity of lysosomal #-glucuronidase recovered from post-granule supernatant fractions of homogenized
Enzyme and chemical encapsulation in polymeric microcapsules (1996)

Polypyrrole microcapsules (prepared via the template method) were used for immobilization of both enzymatic and chemical catalytic systems. Enzymes immobilized include glucose oxidase, catalase, trypsin, subtilisin, and alcohol dehydrogenase. The chemical catalytic system investigated consisted of immobilized Pd nanoparticles for the catalysis of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Microcapsules loaded with glucose oxidase (GOD) were found to have higher enzymatic activity than that of GOD-loaded thin films, a competing encapsulation method. Trypsin was used to explore the possible leakage of small proteins from the capsules; no leakage was observed. Subtilisin was used to show that these microcapsules can be used in nonaqueous solvents. The effect of the capsule wall thickness on the rate of the enzymatic reaction was also explored. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Some social aspects of providing contraception for under-16-year-olds. (1980)

Focus is on the social implications of providing contraception for females under age 16 in Scotland, with attention directed to the effects of the law, factors influencing the use of contraception by young people, and the role of the clinic in providing advice and contraception. The law -- The Criminal Law Amendment 1885 -- was introduced tp protect young girls from being procured for prostitution and to prevent older men from taking advantage of young females. The law was apparently not introduced to prevent sexual activity between consenting young couples. Although it is not the under-16-year-old adolescent who is committing an illegal act and it is not "aiding and abetting an offense" to prescribe contraception for her, many physicians are reluctant to prescribe contraceptives for this age group. Many of the adolescents younger than age 16 are reluctant to seek contraceptive advice or fear of disapproval or trouble for themselves or their partners. Apart from the effects of the law on this age group, the factors preventing the effective use of contraception are similar to those in the older age group. The behavior displayed is "serial monogamy," and it seems that the young peoplea re less likely to use contraception when theyare involved in casual relationships than when they are in a serious and steady relationship. There is a denial of sexuality, and linked to this is the willingness to take a chance. although these factors seem to continue to operate, there is some indication that adolescents may be increasingly willing to seek contraceptive advice. The responsibilities of the clinic in dealing with adolescents seeking contraceptive advice are outlined.
Episode-Based Efficiency Comparisons for Physicians and Nurse Practitioners (1982)

Most previous studies comparing the efficiency of new health practitioners with that of physicians have used the visit as the basic unit of output. Several researchers have noted, though, that the episode is a conceptually superior output unit in several respects, although it is more complex to deal with methodologically. This study demonstrates the application of episode-based methods for comparing the efficiency of physicians with that of nurse practitioners. Data are drawn from the information system of the Columbia Medical Plan and from observations of provider time inputs. The analysis is confined to care episodes for otitis media and sore throat in the Department of Pediatrics. Results indicate that per episode costs with nurse practitioners as the initial provider are approximately 20 per cent below the costs of episodes in which physicians are the initial provider. Examination of a limited amount of data on patient-reported measures of effectiveness indicates that while nurse practitioners' care is less costly, it is not less effective. These findings are particularly interesting in light of recent doubts expressed about cost-savings from using new health practitioners, and particularly nurse practitioners, in group practice settings.
The Expanding Role of the Small Van De Graaff in Nuclear Nondestructive Analysis (1973)

In support of Nuclear Safeguards, a 3-MeV Van de Graaff accelerator was installed at LASL to aid research in techniques for nondestructive assay of fissionable materials. Monoenergetic neutrons make possible fissile assay techniques less influenced by self-absorption than thermal interrogation and more discriminating of fissile over fertile material than use of partially moderated high-energy neutrons. Delayed fission-neutron counting, a valuable assay technique, is facilitated by pulsed neutron on-to-off ratios in excess of 109, achieved with special beam-handling techniques. Where high neutron backgrounds, e.g. from samples containing 240Pu, preclude delayed-neutron counting, fission prompt-neutron counting with an energy-biasable detector is applied. The increasing facility workload, which includes detector development and calibration, research in trace analysis by proton-induced x-ray fluorescence and research in light-element isotopic assay by means of charged-particle induced reactions, indicates that technological application may more than supplant dwindling nuclear research as a market for accelerators of this class.
Sampling in Seed Health Testing (1999)

ABSTRACT Seed health tests are usually performed on a sample of a seed lot; therefore, it is crucial that the test sample be as homogeneous as possible and representative of the lot. Seed sampling procedures appropriate for seed health testing have been developed by seed testing organizations such as the International Seed Testing Association and the Association of Official Seed Analysts. Seed lot size is generally not a constraint when the distribution of contaminated/infected seed in the lot is relatively homogeneous; if the distribution is heterogeneous, increased sampling intensity is required. Sample size is determined by the damage threshold (intolerable infection level) for the pathogen and the probability of detection desired, commonly 95 or 99%. The probability of detection at a given damage threshold is greater as sample size increases, and this probability and the appropriate sample size can be determined by statistical methods. Most seed health tests utilize qualitative data based on the presence or absence of the pathogen in the test sample, with the lot being rejected if the pathogen is detected in the sample and accepted if the sample is negative.
Aspheric potpourri (1981)

This paper pursues further applications of the geometric design procedures described previously [L. Mertz, Appl. Opt. 18, 4182 (1979)]. One novel system with a large spherical main mirror provides an almost ideal searchlight solution with numerous potential applications. In addition, several new forms of coma correctors are developed for application with the Arecibo-style telescope configuration.
Short-Term Zoledronic Acid Treatment Increases Bone Mineral Density and Marrow Clonogenic Fibroblast Progenitors after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2005)

Although osteoporosis is a relatively common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the role of bisphosphonates in its management has not yet been completely established. Thirty-two patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation were prospectively evaluated for bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) after a median period of 12.2 months. Then, 15 of the patients with osteoporosis or rapidly progressing osteopenia (bone loss > 5%/yr) received three monthly doses of 4 mg zoledronic acid iv. Fifteen patients were followed up without treatment, and all 30 patients were reevaluated after 12 months for BMD and bone turnover markers. By using enriched mesenchymal stem cells in the colony-forming units fibroblast (CFU-F) assay, we evaluated the osteogenic stromal lineage. This procedure was performed in both groups of patients at study entry and after 12 months. The average BMD loss was 3.42% at LS and 3.8% at FN during a 1-yr longitudinal evaluation in 32 patients. Subsequently, BMD increased at both LS and FN (9.8 and 6.4%, respectively) in the zoledronic acid-treated cohort. Hydroxyproline excretion decreased, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase increased significantly, whereas serum osteocalcin increase did not reach the limit of significance. A significant increase in CFU-F growth in vitro was induced by in vivo zoledronic acid administration. In the untreated group, no significant change was observed in bone turnover markers, LS BMD (-2.1%), FN BMD (-2.3%), and CFU-F colony number. In conclusion, short-term zoledronic acid treatment consistently improved both LS and FN BMD in transplanted patients who were at high risk for fast and/or persistent bone loss, partly by increasing the osteogenic progenitors in the stromal cell compartment.
Diverging patterns of informalization between endogenous and exogenous economic actors in the East-German transformation process: results from a case-study in the IT-branch in Berlin-Brandenburg (2000)

Die ersten Jahre des Transformationsprozesse in den zentral- und osteuropaeischen Laendern (CEECs) brachten viele sozialwissenschaftliche Analysen ueber den institutionellen Wandel in den politischen und wirtschaftlichen Systemen hervor. Spaeter wurde immer offensichtlicher, dass diese neuen Institutionen einen laengeren und tiefer eingebetteten Prozess benoetigen wuerden, als zunaechst erwartet. In diesem Kontext verschob sich die wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit auf eine Betrachtung des Verhaeltnisses zwischen den formellen und informellen sozialen Hindernissen und Abhaengigkeiten in diesen Laendern. Im Oktober 1998 regte eine internationale Konferenz in Potsdam eine interdisziplinaere Debatte ueber die Transformation des Informellen in CEECs an. Die vorliegende Beobachtung traegt zu dieser Debatte bei und konzentriert sich auf den Transformationsprozess in Ostdeutschland und vor allem auf den Bereich der oekonomischen Abhaengigkeit in einer innovativen und sich schnell aendernden Branche der Informationstechnologie. Die dargestellten Resultate basieren auf einem Forschungsprojekt ueber Kooperations- und Netzwerkverhalten verschiedener neuer Unternehmenstypen in dieser Branche in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg. (ICDUebers)
Early and late radiation-induced skin alterations. Part I: Mechanisms of skin changes. (1992)

Early and late radiation-induced skin changes have been a concern of health professionals in radiation oncology since the early use of radiation to treat disease. Although the elicited skin reactions from solar exposure and ionizing radiation may appear to be similar, mechanisms of tissue injury are different. The time of onset, the duration, and the intensity of side effects related to radiation therapy are influenced by site of radiation field, time-dose-volume relationship, radiosensitivity of tissues in the skin, type and energy of radiation, nutritional status of the patient, adherence to skin management recommendations, and innate individual differences among patients. The effects of skin irradiation can be categorized as early and late reactions. When combined with radiation therapy, some chemotherapy agents as well as hyperthermia can enhance skin reactions.
An Intelligent Adaptive Reclosure Scheme for High Voltage Transmission Lines (2007)

A criterion using residual voltage and fuzzy decision to improve the successful rate of reclosing is proposed. Residual voltage of the faulted phase still remains after a single phase to ground fault occurs followed by the faulted phase breaking because distributed parameters of the high-voltage transmission line and coupling capacitance between one phase and another phase transmission lines exist. Therefore, the residual voltage can be used to distinguish between permanent faults and transient faults of transmission lines. However, a permanent fault may be regarded as transient one when permanent single-phase fault to ground occurs near either end of the transmission line according to the existing residual voltage scheme. In this case the system stability will be threaten. In order to overcome this problem, a new scheme using fuzzy decision is proposed in this paper, the information of capacitance coupling voltage and the boundary condition will be used to revise the present criteria, so that the correct rate of judgment can be improved extremely. A classical model with two inputs and one output is used to design the fuzzy controller, a STD industrial control computer system is used as the hardware platform. The analysis and test results show that the new criterion can be widely applied in protective relaying with reclosing, especially digital relaying of power systems.
Einleitung (1988)

Palladio ist wahrscheinlich der einflußreichste aller westlichen Architekten. Trotz seiner Bekanntheit wird sein Werk häufig falsch interpretiert. Die palladianische Villa wird oft als isoliertes Objekt analysiert, kontextlos und einem neuplatonischen Ideal nachstrebend. Darüber hinaus werden Palladios Stadtbauten kaum in Zusammenhang mit den einflußreicheren ländlichen Villen gesehen. Deshalb werden häufig die seinen Werken zugrunde liegende Haltung zum Raum und die für seine Bauten charakteristische ordnende Beziehung zur Umgebung vernachlässigt. Solche Ansichten scheinen von einer spezifisch modernen Sensibilisierung herzurühren. Der „Kult des Objekts“ wie ihn das 20. Jahrhundert entwickelte, und der Hang zur Abstraktion haben unser Bild Palladios verdüstert. Die optische Evidenz, die Gebäude selbst werden mißachtet.