gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorocarbohydrates in synthesis. An efficient synthesis of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (.beta.-FIAU) and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (.beta.-FMAU) (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorocarbohydrates in synthesis. An efficient synthesis of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (.beta.-FIAU) and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (.beta.-FMAU)Chou H. Tann, Paul R. Brodfuehrer, Steven P. Brundidge, Chester Sapino Jr., and Henry G. HowellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 19, 3644–3647Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00219a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00219a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1901Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Change of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Immediately after Recanalization through Intra-Arterial Revascularization Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2016)

Purpose Intra-arterial revascularization therapy (IART) for acute ischemic stroke has become increasingly popular recently. However, early change in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values after full recanalization in human stroke has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate ADC changes immediately after interventional full-recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods ADC values of 25 lesions from 18 acute ischemic stroke patients were recorded with both pre- and post-recanalization ADC maps. Measurement was done by placing region of interests over the representative images of the lesion. For analysis, lesions were divided into territorial infarction (TI) and watershed infarction (WI). Results Mean ADC values of the overall 25 lesions before IART were 415.12 × 10-6 mm2/sec, and increased to 619.08 × 10-6 mm2/sec after the IART. Average relative ADC (rADC) value for 22 TI increased from 0.59 to 0.92 (p < 0.000), whereas, average rADC value for 3 WI did not change significantly. Conclusion There was a conspicuous increase of ADC values immediately after full-recanalization in TI lesions. On the other hand, WI lesions did not show significant change in ADC values after recanalization.
Anhydrous zirconium(IV) sulfate and tin(IV) sulfate: solid Lewis acid catalysts in liquid-phase hydro-acyloxy-addition reactions? (2001)

Anhydrous zirconium(IV) and tin(IV) sulfate [Zr(SO4)2 and Sn(SO4)2] were prepared from their corresponding metal tetrachlorides and fuming H2SO4/10% SO3. Properties of interest for their potential use as heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts, such as their susceptibility to undergo hydrolysis, are studied. In the presence of water the metal sulfates are converted into their metal oxides (ZrO2 ·2H2O and SnO2·2H2O) and the Brønsted acid H2SO4, which can also be catalytically active. This is illustrated by the solvent-free liquid-phase hydro-acyloxy-addition of acetic acid (2) to camphene (1) (molar ratio 1: 2 = 1:1) giving the fragrance isobornyl acetate (3). Both anhydrous Zr(SO4)2 and Sn(SO4)2 are inactive as heterogeneous solid Lewis acid catalysts; no conversion of 1 into 3 is found. Upon addition of water, however, 1 is efficiently converted into 3. Moreover, the conversion of 1 into 3 continues even after removal of the solid Lewis acid catalyst by filtration. These results show that after addition of water the reaction becomes homogeneously catalysed by dissolved H2SO4.
ChemInform Abstract: δ2‐Stereocontrolled Entry to (E)‐ or (Z)‐Prenyl Aromatics and Quinones. Synthesis of Menaquinone‐4. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation and characterization of diphenylthiocarbamyl-insulin and des-Gly<sup>A1</sup>-des-Phe<sup>B1</sup>-insulin (bovine) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of diphenylthiocarbamyl-insulin and des-GlyA1-des-PheB1-insulin (bovine)Bruce B. Africa and Frederick H. CarpenterCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 9, 1962–1972Publication Date (Print):April 28, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 28 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00811a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00811a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphological Transformation of PS-<i>b</i>-PEO Diblock Copolymer by Selectively Dispersed Colloidal CdS Quantum Dots (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTMorphological Transformation of PS-b-PEO Diblock Copolymer by Selectively Dispersed Colloidal CdS Quantum DotsSiao-Wei Yeh, Kung-Hwa Wei, Ya-Sen Sun, U-Ser Jeng, and Keng S. LiangView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30049, ROC National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30077, ROC Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 21, 7903–7907Publication Date (Web):September 18, 2003Publication History Received11 June 2003Revised28 August 2003Published online18 September 2003Published inissue 1 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma034800ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma034800grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2037Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cadmium sulfide,Copolymers,Morphology,Nanoparticles,Quantum dots Get e-Alerts
Wurtzite (2H-) Type SiC Whiskers Obtained in a Lely Furnace (1969)

2H-type SiC whiskers were obtained in cool parts of a Lely furnace in an argon ambient. From the observation, 2H-type is considered to be more stable structure than cubic, β-type below ca. 1300°C.
Low power and more accurate temperature sensor with an integrated dual slope AD converter (2012)

A digital temperature sensor with an integrated dual slope ADC is recently proposed. In the present study, a smaller digital temperature sensor is realized by integrating a dual-slope capacitor, which is usually attached to an integrated circuit device. A proper designed circuit can supply a voltage of 2.3 V and a consumption current of 50 μA. Adopting the CV characteristics of the MOS capacitor allows the sensing accuracy to be improved by 0.5°C.
An Alternative Time Metric to Modified Tau for Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid (2017)

A new horizontal time metric, Time to Protected Zone, is proposed for use in the Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems equipped by unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). This time metric has three advantages over the currently adopted time metric, modified tau: it corresponds to a physical event, it is linear with time, and it can be directly used to prioritize intruding aircraft. The protected zone defines an area around the UAS that can be a function of each intruding aircraft's surveillance measurement errors. Even with its advantages, the Time to Protected Zone depends explicitly on encounter geometry and may be more sensitive to surveillance sensor errors than modified tau. To quantify its sensitivity, simulation of 972 encounters using realistic sensor models and a proprietary fusion tracker is performed. Two sensitivity metrics, the probability of time reversal and the average absolute time error, are computed for both the Time to Protected Zone and modified tau. Results show that the sensitivity of the Time to Protected Zone is comparable to that of modified tau if the dimensions of the protected zone are adequately defined.
A Protocol for the Evaluation of Coverall Fit (2014)

Evaluating fit is an inexact science and can be very subjective based on the wearers’ or judges’ preference and perceptions (Yu, 2004). The use of expert judges is the most common method of evaluating fit (Yu, 2004; Watkins, 1995). This paper proposes a protocol to triangulate the assessment of expert judges in evaluating the fit of protective coveralls. Protection from the environment is the main function of protective coveralls The functionality and fit of current protective coveralls is generally poor, and researchers have shown that wearability and fit of coveralls affect compliance with established safety standards (Ashdown & Watkins, 1992; Huck, Maganga, & Kim, 1997).
Microbial glycosylation of erythromycin A (1989)

Erythromycin A (compound 1) was inactivated by Streptomyces vendargensis ATCC 25507 in fermentation. The inactivation product was isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy as 2'-(O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl])erythromycin A (compound 2). The MICs of compounds 1 and 2 were determined. Compound 2 lacked antibiotic activity when tested against several gram-positive pathogens, as well as S. vendargensis.
Monolithic InGaAs-on-Si micro-disk ensemble LED with peak luminescence at 1.58 &#x03BC;m (2014)

Ensembles of p-i-n InGaAs micro-discs, grown by micro selective-area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are fabricated into LED structures. These structures exhibit electroluminescence with spectral peaks at 1580 nm, a sharp roll-off at 1590 nm and a full-width half-maximum in excess of 90 nm depending on injection current. This spectrum covers the entire C-band and establishes monolithic InGaAs-on-Si as a potential candidate for filling the need for on-silicon light-sources.
251 DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR STAINING CHROMOSOME AND SPINDLE OF MI AND MII BABOON OOCYTES (2007)

The objective of this study was to develop a technique for staining baboon oocytes in order to detect chromosome and spindle disorganizations in abnormal oocytes. Baboon oocytes were retrieved by laparoscopy at Southwest National Primate Center/San Antonio following ovulation induction. The metaphase-I (MI) and metaphase-II (MII) oocytes were placed in one-mL sterile plastic tubes containing 10% formaldehyde solution. The tubes were sent by regular mail from San Antonio to the Reproductive Sciences Laboratory at Texas A&M University/College Station. The duration of oocyte fixation was from two to three weeks. The technique of baboon oocyte staining was based on the modification of the mouse oocyte staining protocol. A total of nine oocytes were collected for staining. The age of the baboon was six years. The oocytes were washed four times each, 20–30 min at room temperature, with PBS containing 10 µL Triton, 0.2 g dry milk, 2 g bovine serum albumin, and 0.75 g of glycine. The oocytes were kept over night in a refrigerator. The oocytes were stained with primary antibody solution (Monoclonal Anti Beta-Tubulin, Sigma Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) for 60 min at 37°C. After staining, five washes were performed for 20–30 min each at room temperature (RT). The oocytes were stained with secondary antibody solution (Alexa fluor 488, Invitrogen Co., Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 60 min at 37°C. Three washes were carried out at the end of the second staining, 20–30 min each at RT. Final staining was performed with Vectashieldreg propidium iodide (PI; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) on a barrier slide which was then covered with a cover slide. Each slide contained 2–3 stained oocytes. The barrier slides were kept in a refrigerator for at least 48–72 h before imaging the oocytes. Chromosomes were stained with PI (red) and micro-tubular spindles were stained with anti Beta-tubulin antibodies + Alexa 488 (green). Cumulus cells appeared as bright red dots. The chromosomes of the immature oocytes (MI) did not yet appear completely aligned at the metaphase plate. The mature oocytes (MII) had extruded the polar body and it was clearly visible. The chromosomes looked elegantly organized at the metaphase plate. One chromosome was found to be disorganized (not aligned at the methaphase plate) in some oocytes which may be due to the side effect of superovulation treatment, but the spindles looked organized. In conclusion, the technique is found to be suitable for study of chromosome and spindle disorganizations which may cause recurrent abortions, birth defects, and infertility in nonhuman and human primates.
Eustachian Tube Function in the Ferret (1993)

The role of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM) may be related to Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction. Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that the ferret may be an appropriate animal for modeling of pathophysiologic process related to URI's and ET dysfunction. In an effort to determine the applicability of this animal model, normal ET function was evaluated in 10 ferrets using the inflation-deflation and forced-response testing protocols. The results indicate that the ET of the ferret functions as a small-scale version of its rhesus monkey and human counterparts. The ET-middle ear (ME) system could maintain applied positive and negative ME pressures in all instances. Nearly complete swallow-induced pressure equilibrations were demonstrated in all ears tested. Elevated passive function parameters suggested a small tubal lumen. The efficiency of the tubal dilatory mechanism as expressed by the normalizing calculation (R0/RA) was shown to be quite similar to that in primates and man. These findings suggest that the ferret's ET functions in a manner similar to humans and is, therefore, an appropriate animal to study the pathogenesis of otitis media in the context of ET dysfunction.
Designing and embedding reliable virtual infrastructures (2010)

In a virtualized infrastructure where physical resources are shared, a single physical server failure will terminate several virtual servers and crippling the virtual infrastructures which contained those virtual servers. In the worst case, more failures may cascade from overloading the remaining servers. To guarantee some level of reliability, each virtual infrastructure, at instantiation, should be augmented with backup virtual nodes and links that have sufficient capacities. This ensures that, when physical failures occur, sufficient computing resources are available and the virtual network topology is preserved. However, in doing so, the utilization of the physical infrastructure may be greatly reduced. This can be circumvented if backup resources are pooled and shared across multiple virtual infrastructures, and intelligently embedded in the physical infrastructure. These techniques can reduce the physical footprint of virtual backups while guaranteeing reliability.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes as shadow masks for nanogap fabrication (2006)

We describe a technique for fabricating nanometer-scale gaps in Pt wires on insulating substrates, using individual single-walled carbon nanotubes as shadow masks during metal deposition. More than 80% of the devices display current-voltage dependencies characteristic of direct electron tunneling. Fits to the current-voltage data yield gap widths in the 0.8–2.3nm range for these devices, dimensions that are well suited for single-molecule transport measurements.
Regulation of 86Rb outflow from pancreatic islets. II. Effect of changes in extracellular and intracellular pH. (1980)

The fractional outflow rate (FOR) of 86 Rb from prelabelled and perifused rat pancreatic islets increased in response to either extracellular acidosis (which causes intracellular acidification) or extracellular alkalosis (which increases the pH gradient across the plasma membrane). However, when the extracellula pH was maintained at 7.4 and ths islet cells acidified by exposure to a high pCO2, a modest decrease in 86 Rb FOR was observed. This decrease was followed by a secondary and transient increased in 86 Rb FOR. The secondary increase was more marked in the presence than absence of glucose, and, in the former case, was unaffected by tetraethylammonium or quinine, suggesting that it may be due to an intracellular redistribution of 86 Rb. Glucose markedly inhibited 86 Rb FOR whether at normal or high pCO2. It is concluded that an increase in H+ generation rate only plays a minor role, if any, in the inhibitory effect of glucose on 86 Rb FOR.
Evaluation of piroxantrone in women with metastatic breast cancer and failure on nonanthracycline chemotherapy (1994)

Piroxantrone had definite antitumor activity in women who had metastatic breast cancer and failure on prior chemotherapy that did not include an anthracycline. The 95% confidence interval for response probability was broad, but the level of activity observed was relatively low. The clear association with cardiac toxicity combined with the relatively low efficacy led to the conclusion that piroxantrone cannot be recommended for further development as therapy for women with breast cancer. Further study of other anthrapyrazoles is necessary to determine if the promise of this new class of agents can be fulfilled.
Analyses of normal and abnormal esophageal transport using computer simulations (1994)

Mathematical modeling and computer simulations are combined with concurrent manometric and videofluoroscopic data to analyze the contractile behavior of the esophageal wall during normal and abnormal esophageal bolus transport. The study focuses on axial variations in intraluminal pressure in relationship to deformations of the esophageal wall during the transport process. Four case studies of esophageal bolus transport described by Kahrilas et al. (Gastroenterology 94: 73-80, 1988), one normal and three abnormal, are analyzed in detail by capturing the major elements of both the videofluoroscopic and concurrent manometric data in the mathematical model. In all cases a strong correlation between the deformations of the luminal wall and the axial variations of intraluminal pressure is observed. Simulation of normal bolus transport shows that, whereas only gentle variations in intrabolus pressure occur in the main body of the bolus due to weak frictional forces there, large frictional forces force a rapid rise in pressure near the bolus tail induced by circular muscle squeeze. Of particular interest is the analysis of incomplete clearance of bolus fluid in the aortic arch region. The only physically correct model consistent both with the videofluoroscopic and the manometric data implies the existence of two separate contraction waves, one above and one below the transition zone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Polycyclic Polyprenoid Sulfides in Sediments. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Analogues of Poison Ivy Urushiol. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Disubstituted n‐Alkylbenzenes. (1986)

Abstract Ausgehend von Phenol (I), m‐ (XV) und p‐Dimethoxybenzol (XX), Veratrumaldehyd (X) und Resorcin (XVIII) werden nach dem im Schema angegebenen Reaktionsfolgen einige Isomere wie (XIV), (XIX) und (XXII) und einige Analoge wie (VII), (IX) und (XVII) des 3‐Pentadecylcatechols (XXIII) (PDC) hergestellt.
Progress towards Robust Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications (2013)

Extensive transport and modeling studies have been performed on a series of polymers based on vinylbenzyltrimethylamonium cations. Flouride is used as a non-reactive surrogate for hydroxide to increase the computational efficiency of transport calculations that can be performed. Interesting effects of water and residual chloride in the film have been explained. In ordered di-block polymers we have strong theoretical evidence for narrow water domains that facilitate rapid transport of anions. With this model we will be able to predict diblock polymer structures that require less water for efficient anion transport. In addition to these studies we are discovering new base stable polymer backbones and cations. A large part of this effort is dedicated to discovering new methods for the production of robust thin anion exchange membranes.