gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE AND MECHANISMS OF HINDERED AMINE LIGHT STABILIZERS IN POLYMER PHOTOSTABILIZATION (1990)

Abstract Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) have probably been the most studied compounds in the field of polymer stabilization overthe past 15 years [1–16]. Their excellent performance in polyolefins [1–8], poly(vinyl chloride) [9], polystyrene [10], rubbers [11], polyamides [12], and other polymers such as acrylic resins 113–161 has made them an attractive item for research. There have been many advances regarding the understanding of the nature of the stabilization mechanism of these compounds, and there is still a great amount of controversy particularly with regard to the relative importance of some reactive intermediates [1–16]. This continuing research has led to the development of some novel compounds which are more efficient and have better compatibility with the polymer [1–16]. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of HALS, its relationship with their performance in polymers, and their interaction with other additives used in a given stabilization system. The excellent performance of HALS in polyolefins has given rise to a great number of publications on their action in these polymers, and therefore most of the discussion will be related to this.
Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from cases of conjunctivitis in a colony of cats (1984)

This report describes the isolation in cell cultures of Chlamydia psittaci from cases of conjunctivitis in a colony of cats. The organism was identified in McCoy cell monolayers by staining the intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusions with a fluorescent antibody technique, and serological evidence of chlamydial infection in cats was obtained by indirect immunofluorescence. The possible role of C psittaci as an ocular, upper respiratory and reproductive tract pathogen in cats is discussed.
The pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary aspergillosis in normal and cortisone‐treated rats (1976)

Normal outbred adult Wistar rats were resistant to infection with intratracheally administered viable spores of Aspergillus fumigatus although although they developed a subacute interestitial pneumonia. While the lesions were more severe in animals immune suppressed with Azathioprine (immuran) there was no evidence of hyphal growth in the pulmonary tissue. Significant histological involvement was found only in those animals receiving repeared subcutaneous injections of cortisone and multiple intratracheal injections of spores. Granulomatous lesions were scattered throughout the parenchyma of the lung, and many eroded the walls of adjoining bronchioles permitting entry of the material in the necrotic centre of the granuloma into the lumen of the bronchiole.
Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development as a Rural Development Strategy (2004)

ABSTRACT Many social scientists believe that supporting en-trepreneurship development within low-income communities is a viable development strategy to combat poverty. Some even sug-gest that if economic development is to be effective, new busi-nesses in low income areas must be started through local initia-tives, and that entrepreneurship is critical to the maintenance of a healthy economy. Underpinned by recent scholarship and grass-roots movements that suggest that presence of smaller scale, lo-cally-controlled enterprises can help determine whether communi-ties prosper or decline, this paper explores the links between entrepreneurship and rural development. Using a theory of change hmework (Oldsman and Hallberg 2002), the authors examine the USDA 1890 Entrepreneurial Outreach Initiative (USDA 2004) and its use as a local, community-based strategy to spur economic growth and development in rural communities across the South. Microenterprise and small business development programs have become a relatively new and important research subject globally. Many development scholars and professionals believe supporting small businesses within low-income communities is a plausible development strategy to combat poverty. Some suggest that entre-preneurship is critical to the maintenance of a healthy economy and if economic development is to be effective, new businesses in low-income areas must be started through local initiatives (Acs and Mal-
A Mobile Device System for Early Warning of ECG Anomalies (2014)

With the rapid increase in computational power of mobile devices the amount of ambient intelligence-based smart environment systems has increased greatly in recent years. A proposition of such a solution is described in this paper, namely real time monitoring of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal during everyday activities for identification of life threatening situations. The paper, being both research and review, describes previous work of the authors, current state of the art in the context of the authors' work and the proposed aforementioned system. Although parts of the solution were described in earlier publications of the authors, the whole concept is presented completely for the first time along with the prototype implementation on mobile device-a Windows 8 tablet with Modern UI. The system has three main purposes. The first goal is the detection of sudden rapid cardiac malfunctions and informing the people in the patient's surroundings, family and friends and the nearest emergency station about the deteriorating health of the monitored person. The second goal is a monitoring of ECG signals under non-clinical conditions to detect anomalies that are typically not found during diagnostic tests. The third goal is to register and analyze repeatable, long-term disturbances in the regular signal and finding their patterns.
Effects of immobilization on the kinetics of enzyme‐catalyzed reactions. I. Glucose oxidase in a recirculation reactor system (1976)

Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger was immobilized on nonporous glass beads by covalent bonding and its kinetics were studied in a packed-column recycle reactor. The optimum pH of the immobilized enzyme was the same as that of soluble enzyme; however, immobilized glucose oxidase showed a sharper pH-activity profile than that of the soluble enzyme. The kinetic behavior of immobilized glucose oxidase at optimum pH and 25 degrees C was similar to that of the soluble enzyme, but the immobilized material showed increased temperature sensitivity. Immobilized glucose oxidase showed no loss in activity on storage at 4 degrees C for nearly ten weeks. On continuous use for 60 hr, the immobilized enzyme showed about a 40% loss in activity but no change in the kinetic constant.
Real-time Botnet command and control characterization at the host level (2012)

A Botnet is a network of compromised machines which are controlled by a person called botmaster via a typical Command and Control (C&C) structure. Besides malicious activity on infected host, bots are employed to deliver attacks against outside targets including phishing, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and spamming. Counter measures against Botnet phenomenon are usually formed based on passive traffic analysis at network level. This limits encountering Botnets in a proactive manner. In this paper, we proposed a real-time approach which not only detects Botnet traffic on the host, but also can filter it from outgoing traffic in order to suppress the Botnet. Our approach works by detecting Botnet communication patterns which belongs to a centralized C&C structure. The capability of bot detection by real-time processing of host-related data solely, distinguishes our work from other existing approaches.
Elements of Gas Turbine Propulsion (1996)

This text provides an introduction to gas turbine engines and jet propulsion for aerospace or mechanical engineers. The text is divided into four parts: introduction to aircraft propulsion; basic concepts and one-dimensional/gas dynamics; parametric (design point) and performance (off-design) analysis of air breathing propulsion systems; and analysis and design of major gas turbine engine components (fans, compressors, turbines, inlets, nozzles, main burners, and afterburners). Design concepts are introduced early (aircraft performance in introductory chapter) and integrated throughout. Written with extensive student input on the design of the book, the book builds upon definitions and gradually develops the thermodynamics, gas dynamics, and gas turbine engine principles.
Sketching in 3D (1998)

Of the numerous changes to the implements for creating 2D images and 3D models, one of the most radical has been the recent adoption of WIMP interfaces. Ironically, there is good reason to believe that WIMP interaction for 3D modeling is actually inferior to the real-world interfaces (pencils, large sheets of paper, clay, paint palettes) that it supplants. In fact, WIMP interaction's principal benefit is its straightforward integration with computer 3D model representations which have many advantages including ease of transformation, archival, replication and distribution.Instead of interpreting user compliance as an affirmation of WIMP interaction, we explore the dichotomy of how easy it is to depict a 3D object with just a pencil and paper, and how hard it is to model the same object using a multithousand dollar workstation. Our challenge is to blend the essence of pencil sketching interfaces with the power of computer model representations.This paper presents an overview of ongoing research in "sketch-like" 3D modeling user interfaces. The objective of this research is to design interfaces that match human ergonomics, exploit prelearned skills, foster new skills and support the transition from novice to skilled expert. Thus pencil sketching is an interaction ideal, supporting users ranging from children to adults, and from doodlers to artists. Perhaps the best testament to the effectiveness of the pencil and paper interface is that very few people even consider it a user interface.
Androgen insensitivity in man: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. (1976)

We have studied ten phenotypically similar patients with complete androgen insensitivity. All of the patients tested had significantly elevated serum luteinizing hormone and plasma androgens within or above the normal adult male range. On the basis of specific dihydrotestosterone binding by skin fibroblasts, we identified two subgroups. Six patients from five different families had undetectable dihydrotestosterone binding, while four patients from two families had normal binding activity. Our results indicate that within the clinical syndrome of androgen insensitivity there are at least two distinct genetic variants. These variants may result from allelic mutations of the same X-linked gene specifying the dihydrotestosterone receptor or, alternatively, from mutations of separate genes both being essential for androgen action in responsive cells.
Thermal and photo‐oxidation of polysulfone (1968)

Abstract Prolonged heating at temperatures below 140°C. causes only slight changes in the properties of polysulfone. Exposure to ultraviolet light, however, results in substantial changes as evidenced by broad absorption in both the hydroxyl and carbonyl regions of the infrared spectrum, evolution of carbon monoxide and dioxide, decrease in polymer elongation and intrinsic viscosity, and pronounced yellowing. A free‐radical mechanism is proposed in which chain scission occurs with the formation of low molecular weight, oxidized fragments as the predominant oxidation products.
Immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (2000)

Immunogenicity of the PS vaccine has been enhanced by coupling pneumococcal PSs to proteins to produce a conjugate vaccine. Conjugate molecules are designed to possess T cell dependent properties, such as immunogenicity in early infancy, stimulation of high levels of IgG isotype antibodies and enhanced immunologic memory responses. In the clinical studies multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been shown to induce an IgG-dominating serum antibody response against common pneumococcal serotypes causing infections in children. A booster dose later in life creates a robust and rapid antibody response, indicating the existence of immunologic memory in primed children. Antibodies induced by conjugate vaccines are functionally active, as demonstrated by their high avidity and opsonophagocytic activity.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia: report of two cases (1987)

Summary Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign, self‐limiting disease that requires no treatment. It is often confused with malignancy, resulting in unnecessary, extensive surgery. Clinicians need to be aware of this lesion and include it in a differential diagnosis of ulcerated lesions. Correct diagnosis depends on histopathological diagnosis by a pathologist who is familiar with the characteristics of this disease.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: an update on the current understanding (2016)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of selected chemotherapeutic agents. Previous work has suggested that patients often under report the symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and physicians fail to recognize the presence of such symptoms in a timely fashion. The precise pathophysiology that underlies chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, in both the acute and the chronic phase, remains complex and appears to be medication specific. Recent work has begun to demonstrate and further clarify potential pathophysiological processes that predispose and, ultimately, lead to the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. There is increasing evidence that the pathway to neuropathy varies with each agent. With a clearer understanding of how these agents affect the peripheral nervous system, more targeted treatments can be developed in order to optimize treatment and prevent long-term side effects.
Kinetics and mechanism of the aniline‐formaldehyde reaction in acid medium (1978)

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of the condensation of aniline and formaldehyde in acid medium were studied under various experimental conditions using a thin layer chromatographic method developed for this purpose. The reaction was found to be kinetically of first‐order with respect to formaldehyde. 4‐Aminobenzyl alcohol ( 1 ), N ‐(4‐aminobenzyl)aniline ( 4 ), 4‐(4‐aminobenzyl)aniline ( 2 ), and a basic compound of unknown structure were found to be the initial products. By a judicious choice of concentrations and reaction conditions the individual reactions leading to the formation of the above products were isolated and their kinetics and energetic parameter were studied. A probable mechanism of the reactions is suggested.
Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin Improves Systemic Oxygen Uptake in Oxygen Supply–dependent Septic Rats (1997)

Diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a cell-free hemoglobin derived from human erythrocytes. DCLHb has been shown to improve blood flow to vital organs in healthy and septic animals. In this study, we determined the efficacy of DCLHb by comparing its effect on systemic O2 uptake to freshly stored and aged red blood cells (RBCs) in septic rats. Twenty-four hours after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation, O2 supply dependency was created by isovolemic hemodilution with rat plasma. In O2 supply dependency, rats were randomized to receive an exchange transfusion of 7.5 ml "fresh" RBCs (stored < 6 d; Hct: 70%), "fresh" diluted RBCs (stored < 6 d; Hct: 30%), "old" RBCs (stored 28 to 35 d; Hct: 70%), or DCLHb (Hb: 100 g/L). We found, that survival following O2 supply dependency and transfusion with old RBCs was poor (33% versus 91.7% in the other groups; p < 0.01), precluding further analysis of post-transfusion data from this group. Systemic O2 uptake increased in all remaining groups (p < 0.001), while systemic O2 delivery increased with "fresh" RBCs (p < 0.0001) and "fresh" diluted RBCs (p < 0.05) but not with DCLHb. Systemic O2 extraction increased with DCLHb as compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and to the other groups (p < 0.0001). Improved tissue oxygenation was associated with an increase in blood pressure and a fall in arterial lactate in all groups. We conclude that transfusion of DCLHb or "fresh" RBCs was efficacious at increasing systemic O2 uptake in O2 supply-dependent, septic rats.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ORGANOTIN PYRAZOLECARBOXYLATES (2001)

A series of organotin pyrazolecarboxylates of the general formula R n SnL4 − n have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Biological activity determinations for selected compounds indicate that these compounds have antibacterial activity.
Supported employment: a three-way partnership. (1993)

This article outlines changes over the years in patients' vocational and industrial training at Whitby Psychiatric Hospital in Greater Metropolitan Toronto. The transition from traditional workshops to an integrated community-based vocational training program--supported employment--is discussed, as is the importance of partnership among the hospital, the client, and the employer for success in such a program.
The CICQ Switch with Virtual Crosspoint Queues for Large RTT (2006)

The memory size required for a combined input and crosspoint queued (CICQ) switch with an existing credit-based flow control is proportional to the flow control latency between the line cards and switch fabric. Recently, scalable packet switches were implemented with distributed units introducing a large RTT latency between the line cards and switch fabric, making the CP buffer requirement impractical. In this paper, a CICQ switch with virtual crosspoint queues (VCQs) is investigated. The VCQs unit resides inside the switch fabric and is dynamically shared among virtual output queues (VOQ) from the same source port and is operated at the line rate, making the implementation practical. The CICQ switch with VCQ can achieve high throughput for unbalanced traffic while reducing over 87% of the total buffer size requirement in the switch fabric, thus making the scalable implementation of a distributed CICQ switch practical.
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (2006)

Catherine Jack promotes the need for expertise in dealing with breast cancer during pregnancy and for support for this patient group, no matter how small
Interaction of SO2 with copper and copper oxide surfaces (1988)

The adsorption and reaction of SO2 with copper and copper oxide surfaces was studied by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy between 173 and 473 K and pressures ranging from UHV to 10−1 mbar. It was found that a Cu2SO3 species acts as an intermediate in the formation of CuSO4 at T&lt;300 K, and at T&gt;300 K in the formation of copper sulfide. The presence of gas-phase oxygen was found to accelerate the surface reaction between SO2 and the substrates. In this communication we will focus on the experiments on Cu2O surfaces and discuss our results in the context of the SO2–flue-gas cleanup process on copper oxide.
The clustering of Internet, Internet of Things and social network (2010)

Information, objects and people are three major macro elements in the human society. Their inner relations can be reflected by the Internet, the Internet of Things and social network, respectively. Normally, these three networks do not work together. This paper proposes a platform to cluster the Internet, the Internet of Things and social network together. The clustering will promote the developing of the Internet of Things and social network. With the clustered platform, most macro elements in human society can be tracked and summarized. Thus it is easy for scientists to analyze the behaviors of objects and people as data. The future applications of the clustered platform are also discussed in this paper.
MKTOP: a program for automatic construction of molecular topologies (2008)

Molecular mechanics methods are widely-used for simulations of biomolecules. A molecular topology file containing all atom types, which depend on the chemical environment, must be constructed. MKTOP is a free-software capable of automatic atom type recognition and construction of molecular topologies for GROMACS, being a useful tool for its users.
Why Wonʼt Some Wounds Heal? (2004)

Dorothy B. Doughty, MN, RN, CWOCN, FAAN, is Director, Emory University WOC Nursing Education Center, The Emory Clinic, Atlanta, GA. Adapted from Doughty D: Why won't this wound heal, and what should I do about it? Home Healthc Nurse 2004;22:18–20.
Activation of the GTP-binding protein Gq by rhodopsin in squid photoreceptors (1992)

Photoaffinity labelling by a GTP analogue has been used to identify a 42 kDa band as the major G alpha subunit in squid photoreceptor membranes, recently identified by partial sequence analysis to be a member of the Gq sub-group of GTP-binding proteins [Pottinger, Ryba, Keen & Findlay (1991) Biochem. J. 279, 323-326]. Guanine-nucleotide-binding displacement analysis gave a stoichiometry of 1 G-protein per 12.5 rhodopsin molecules, the same as in vertebrate rod photoreceptors. Binding was not detected above background in the dark, but was rapidly activated by light. Unlike vertebrate transducin, this G-protein is very temperature-sensitive. GTP binding is maximal at temperatures less than 10 degrees C and is much decreased after several minutes above 18 degrees C. The light-stimulated GTPase rate is maximal around 10 degrees C, above which the loss of binding sites counteracts the increase in hydrolytic rate per site. Earlier studies described light-sensitive G alpha components of 40 and 45 kDa, by ADP-ribosylation in the presence of cholera and pertussis toxins. These are now shown to be very minor components, as the prolonged treatment at elevated temperature required for ADP-ribosylation is sufficient to inactivate the major G alpha totally. Unlike the minor G alpha components, the 42 kDa G alpha is not inhibited by Ca2+.
Zidovudine resistance, syncytium-inducing phenotype, and HIV disease progression in a case-control study. The VA Cooperative Study Group. (1993)

A case-control study of patients with progressive (cases) or nonprogressive (controls) disease was designed to determine the association among disease progression, zidovudine sensitivity, and syncytium-inducing phenotype. Viral isolates were screened for sensitivity to zidovudine using a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay and for syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype in MT2 cell culture. Thirty-four patients, whose disease progressed to AIDS or whose CD4 cell numbers fell < 200 cells/mm3, were matched with 34 patients whose conditions had not progressed or whose CD4 cell numbers remained > 200 cells/mm3. Virus was successfully cultured from both the progressor and the nonprogressor in 17 of these 34 matched case-control pairs. In six of the 17 pairs, virus isolated from the progressor had an IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) for zidovudine > 1 microM and at least threefold greater than the IC50 of virus isolated from the matched nonprogressor (p = 0.04). In 16 of these 17 pairs the virus isolated from the progressor had the SI phenotype, indicative of high cytopathogenicity, while the virus from the matched nonprogressor had a non-syncytium-inducing phenotype (p < 0.0001). Zidovudine therapy did not appear to select for the SI phenotype in this patient population. A statistically significant association between high-level zidovudine resistance and clinical disease progression was demonstrated. A statistically significant association between the SI phenotype and disease progression was demonstrated. The results suggest that disease progression while being treated with zidovudine therapy may be more closely associated with the SI phenotype than with zidovudine resistance.