gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot Flashes: Epidemiology and Physiology<sup><i>a</i></sup> (1990)

A review of the literature illustrates the many questions about hot flashes that remain unanswered. My survey addresses some of these questions. The prospective and retrospective descriptions of hot flashes provide a more detailed profile of the hot flash than has previously been available. Further, data from this survey demonstrate that while the patterns of hot flashes may be varied, there are commonalities in hot flash physiology and subjective manifestation. The data indicate that hot flashes may start much earlier and continue far longer than is commonly recognized by physicians or acknowledged in textbooks of gynecology. Studies of hot flash duration must control for age or age at hot flash onset, since the older the subjects, the more potential years of hot flashes and the greater the probability of encompassing the entire period of hot flashes. Hot flashes are not static; patterns may change with time. For some women, hot flashes become less frequent and less intense; for others, hot flashes may continue at hourly intervals well into old age. How common these experiences are for women of all ages still needs to be discovered. As expounded by Kaufert, McKinlay, Goodman, and many others, a greater effort must be made to standardize definitions and question formats as well as to improve methodology in epidemiologic investigations to facilitate comparability between studies and insure that proffered conclusions indeed reflect the questions being asked. Physiological studies are critical counterparts to the epidemiology; yet such studies have been too few. My work, by examining the physiology and psychophysiology of hot flashes, has raised additional questions about central and peripheral inputs that may affect the subjective experience of hot flashes. A more complete understanding of the thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and psychophysiology of women with hot flashes are compared to women without will facilitate the prediction of who is most likely to be affected and the identification of additional approaches to the management of hot flashes.
Interferometric seeing measurements at the La Palma Observatory (1991)

We describe an interferometric seeing monitor is described which measures the wavefront perturbations due to the atmosphere directly, rather than depending on an assumed model for these perturbations. It is able to measure simultaneously both the spatial and temporal parameters of the seeing (⁠|$r_0\enspace\text {and}\enspace t_0$|⁠) and to test theoretical models. Results are reported from the commissioning run on the William Herschel Telescope. It is found that the seeing at optical wavelengths is well described by a model where the perturbations are due to turbulence with Kolmogorov statistics, and evidence is shown that the outer scale of this turbulence is about 2 m at the La Palma Observatory.
<title>Basic properties of ring-index optical fibers</title> (2003)

This work analyzes theoretically, technologically and practically a class of low-loss single-mode optical fibers with ring refractive index profile. The fibers are considered for long distance signal transmission as well as photonic signal processing. Trunk transmission, ring index fibers have shifted and flattened dispersion characteristics and much larger effective area as compared with standard step-index single-mode. Signal processing, device oriented, ring-index fibers have a unique capability of transmitting either quasi planar modes for large ring diameters or the second order mode in a quasi single-mode regime at lossy discrimination of the fundamental mode, for small ring diameters. Ring-index fibers can maintain singlemode transmission for considerable values of normalized frequency for particular cases of the refractive index profile. Theoretically predicted features of single-mode ring index fibers were confirmed experimentally on samples manufactured by the author is cooperation with TU of Bialystok. Parts of the work were published in Optica Applicata and reprinted with permission. Part of the work was realized within the KBN grant 4-T08D-001-22 submitted to Technical University of Bialystok.
Unsupervised Deep Anomaly Detection for Multi-Sensor Time-Series Signals (2021)

Nowadays, multi-sensor technologies are applied in many fields, e.g., Health Care (HC), Human Activity Recognition (HAR), and Industrial Control System (ICS). These sensors can generate a substantial amount of multivariate time-series data. Unsupervised anomaly detection on multi-sensor time-series data has been proven critical in machine learning researches. The key challenge is to discover generalized normal patterns by capturing spatial-temporal correlation in multi-sensor data. Beyond this challenge, the noisy data is often intertwined with the training data, which is likely to mislead the model by making it hard to distinguish between the normal, abnormal, and noisy data. Few of previous researches can jointly address these two challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning-based anomaly detection algorithm called Deep Convolutional Autoencoding Memory network (CAE-M). We first build a Deep Convolutional Autoencoder to characterize spatial dependence of multi-sensor data with a Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) to better distinguish between the noisy, normal, and abnormal data. Then, we construct a Memory Network consisting of linear (Autoregressive Model) and non-linear predictions (Bidirectional LSTM with Attention) to capture temporal dependence from time-series data. Finally, CAE-M jointly optimizes these two subnetworks. We empirically compare the proposed approach with several state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods on HAR and HC datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms these existing methods.
Spectral analysis of the heart rate variability in sleep. (2005)

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) during overnight polygraphic recording was performed in 11 healthy subjects. The total spectrum power, power of the VLF, LF and HF spectral bands and the mean R-R were evaluated. Compared to Stage 2 and Stage 4 non-REM sleep, the total spectrum power was significantly higher in REM sleep and its value gradually increased in the course of each REM cycle. The value of the VLF component (reflects slow regulatory mechanisms, e.g. the renin-angiotensin system, thermoregulation) was significantly higher in REM sleep than in Stage 2 and Stage 4 of non-REM sleep. The LF spectral component (linked to the sympathetic modulation) was significantly higher in REM sleep than in Stage 2 and Stage 4 non-REM sleep. On the contrary, a power of the HF spectral band (related to parasympathetic activity) was significantly higher in Stage 2 and Stage 4 non-REM than in REM sleep. The LF/HF ratio, which reflects the sympathovagal balance, had its maximal value during REM sleep and a minimal value in synchronous sleep. The LF/HF ratio significantly increased during 5-min segments of Stage 2 non-REM sleep immediately preceding REM sleep compared to 5-min segments of Stage 2 non-REM sleep preceding the slow-wave sleep. This expresses the sympathovagal shift to sympathetic predominance occurring before the onset of REM sleep. A significant lengthening of the R-R interval during subsequent cycles of Stage 2 non-REM sleep was documented, which is probably related to the shift of sympathovagal balance to a prevailing parasympathetic influence in the course of sleep. This finding corresponds to a trend of a gradual decrease of the LF/HF ratio in subsequent cycles of Stage 2 non-REM sleep.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Vietnam Veterans (1991)

Many unemployed Vietnam veterans may be sufferers of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms and behaviors of PTSD are reviewed to assist employment counselors in identifying such individuals, and suggestions for referral are made.
Feedback linearization for SMA (shape memory alloy) (2002)

The problem of the SMA (shape memory alloy) which is appropriate actuator for micromanipulator is its hysteresis characteristic. To get a high controllability of SMA, feedback linearization method that is based on the continuous modeling of SMA was applied. As the result easily designed nonlinear feedback system was achieved. Furthermore, this control method was applied to the control of two-link SMA micromanipulator and /spl plusmn/0.5 mm positioning accuracy was achieved.
The Role of a β Barrel Loop 4 Extension in Modulating the Physical and Functional Properties of Long‐Chain 2‐Hydroxy‐Acid Oxidase Isozymes (1996)

Peroxisomal long-chain 2-hydroxy-acid oxidase, an FMN-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of L-2-hydroxy acids into keto acids at the expense of oxygen. We recently reported the cloning and sequencing of its CDNA and the existence of a weakly expressed isozyme [Belmouden, A., Le, K. H. D., Lederer, F. & Garchon, H. J. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 214, 17-251. This isozyme, beta 2 differs from the major one in having a three-residue insertion, -VRK-, in loop 4 of the beta 8 alpha 8 barrel. In the crystal structures of homologous flavocytochrome beta 2, and glycolate oxidase, the corresponding region of loop 4 is disordered. We now report on the constitutive high-level expression of isozymes beta 1, and beta 2 in Escherichia coli under control of the lambda pL promoter, and on the influence of the E. coli genetic background and the growth medium on the expression level. We describe the properties of isozyme beta 2 and compare them with those of pure isoform beta 1. The visible spectra of the purified enzymes differ in the position of the near-ultraviolet band of the prosthetic group. pH titration studies indicate that the FMN ionizes at N3 at a lower pH than free flavin and that there is a small pKa difference between the isozymes. To our knowledge, the only other known case of a lowered pKa for the protein-bound flavin is that of glycolate oxidase. In the CD spectra of the FMN region, a marked difference between isozymes in the 270-300-nm region appears to be related to the pKa difference for the N3-H bond. Kinetic parameters for a number of substrates and inhibitors are indistinguishable within the limits of experimental error, with the exception of values for kcat for mandelate (the most active substrate), Km for hydroxyhippurate (a new substrate), Ki for cinnamate and oxalate, and Kd for sulfite. The differences are no larger than twofold. The foregoing comparison between isozymes beta 1 and beta 2 shows that the naturally engineered insertion in loop 4 exerts some influence on the flavin spectral properties and the active-site reactivity. Since the corresponding loop 4 regions in the three-dimensional structures of flavocytochrome 2 and glycolate oxidase are 1.5-2.0 nm removed from the flavin, it would appear either that loop 4 has a very different conformation in hydroxy-acid oxidase, or that it may interact with the active site due to mobility.
Berberine Inhibits Human Hepatoma Cell Invasion without Cytotoxicity in Healthy Hepatocytes (2011)

Conventional chemotherapy fails to cure metastatic hepatoma mainly due to its high hepatotoxicity. Many plant-derived agents have been accepted to effectively inhibit hepatoma cell invasion. However, the investigation that whether effectual plant-derived agents against invasive hepatoma cells exert unexpected cytotoxicity in healthy hepatocytes has been ignored. This study demonstrated that berberine exhibited significant cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells mainly through upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but was ineffective in normal Chang liver cells. Berberine exerted anti-invasive effect on HepG2 cells through suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. Moreover, berberine could significantly inhibit the activity of PI3K-AKT and ERK pathways. Combination treatment of ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 or AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 and berberine could result in a synergistic reduction on MMP-9 expression along with an inhibition of cell invasion. Enhancement of ROS production by berberine had no influence on its suppressive effects on the activity of PI3K-AKT and ERK pathways, as well as MMP-9 expression and HepG2 cell invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that berberine may be a potential alternative against invasive hepatoma cells through PI3K-AKT and ERK pathways-dependent downregulation of MMP-9 expression. This study also provides a previously neglected insight into the investigation of plant-derived agents-based therapy against tumor invasion with the consideration of damage to healthy cells.
Inhibition of secondary bile acid formation in the large intestine by lactulose in healthy subjects of two different age groups (1988)

Secondary bile acids have been implicated in colonic carcinogenesis. Transformation of primary into secondary bile acids (7 alpha-dehydroxylation) in the large bowel is a pH-dependent process. Inhibition of this reaction could be achieved by lowering colonic pH. We, therefore, studied the effects of lactulose (a non-absorbable disaccharide), which is capable of acidifying colonic contents, on secondary bile acid metabolism. Because this metabolism is age dependent, lactulose was given (0.3 g kg-1 twice daily for 12 weeks) to nine middle-aged (age 31-54 years; mean 45.7) and ten elderly subjects (age 56-81 years; mean 66.4). Twice before, and after 6 and 12 weeks' lactulose administration, biliary and faecal bile acids, whole gut transit time, faecal weight and dry weight, and faecal pH were recorded. The concentration of (iso)lithocholic and deoxycholic acid in faeces was higher in elderly subjects (P less than 0.05) but the excretion was comparable. After lactulose the concentration and excretion of the major secondary bile acids decreased. The primary bile acid fraction rose from 5% before, to more than 20% after, lactulose (P less than 0.05). Faecal weight increased and faecal dry weight decreased, resulting in a higher faecal water output during lactulose. Whole gut transit time did not change. The faecal pH dropped after 6 (P less than 0.05) and further after 12 weeks' lactulose (P less than 0.05). The percentage deoxycholic acid in bile was higher, and cholic acid lower, in elderly subjects (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An emergency earthquake warning system using mobile terminals with a built-in accelerometer (2012)

In this paper, we study an emergency earthquake warning system using mobile terminals with a built-in accelerometer. First, the earthquake warning system that uses mobile terminals such as smart phones as seismographs is proposed. When an earthquake occurs, the mobile terminals detect seismic wave using a built-in accelerometer. If the value of acceleration exceeds the threshold value, information of acceleration is transmitted to a server on each region. The server manages information that has been sent by mobile terminals, and presumes the seismic intensity and the hypocenter, and sends warning messages to user terminals around the server. Then we evaluate the server of the proposed system, and show the sending and receiving ability of warning messages.
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with silent episodes: Intermittent versus continuous monitoring (2012)

Short-term ECG registrations over extended time periods seem to be a more sensitive tool, compared with short continuous ECG recordings, for detection of AF episodes.
Joint object detection and viewpoint estimation using CNN features (2017)

Environment perception is a critical enabler for automated driving systems since it allows a comprehensive understanding of traffic situations. We propose a method based on an end-to-end convolutional neural network that can reason simultaneously about the location of objects in the image and their orientations on the ground plane. The same set of convolutional layers is used for the different tasks involved, avoiding the repetition of computations over the same image. Experiments on the KITTI dataset show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performances for object detection and viewpoint estimation, and is particularly suitable for the understanding of traffic situations from on-board vision systems.
Some applications of isotope geochemistry for determining sources of stray carbon dioxide gas (2003)

High concentrations of stray carbon dioxide in buildings are an emerging environmental hazard in some areas of the Appalachian coalfields. In western Pennsylvania, potentially lethal concentrations of CO2 (25%) and low volumes of O2 (10%) have caused several private homes to become uninhabitable. The CO2 is primarily anthropogenic, although the specific source is commonly uncertain. Carbon isotope geochemistry provides the most useful technique for identifying the specific gas source.Carbon dioxide derived from organic substrates by microbial activity is enriched in 12C, whereas CO2 derived from carbonate materials is enriched in 13C. The activity of 14C can support the identification of geologically recent microbial gas generation. Ground-water chemistry can support interpretations of an inorganic CO2 source based on stable-isotope data. Case studies from western Pennsylvania demonstrate the utility of isotopic analyses in identifying specific sources of stray CO2 in buildings.
Analysis on current flowing through deactivated modules in parallel connected AC/DC converters (2016)

In this paper, the problem with the “unexpected current” flowing in parallel connected AC/DC converter system was discussed. The above mentioned “unexpected current” is the current that flows through the diodes of the turned-off converters where some converters are operating but others are not. Since this extra current degrades the efficiency of converters and distorts the grid current, it should be minimized. The phenomenon about the current which flows through the diodes of the turned-off converters was analyzed, and several ways to minimize this current have been reviewed and their effects were verified by simulation and experimental results.
Beamforming Optimization for Wireless Network Aided by Intelligent Reflecting Surface With Discrete Phase Shifts (2019)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a cost-effective solution for achieving high spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless networks by leveraging massive low-cost passive elements that are able to reflect the signals with adjustable phase shifts. Prior works on IRS mainly consider continuous phase shifts at reflecting elements, which are practically difficult to implement due to the hardware limitation. In contrast, we study in this paper an IRS-aided wireless network, where an IRS with only a finite number of phase shifts at each element is deployed to assist in the communication from a multi-antenna access point (AP) to multiple single-antenna users. We aim to minimize the transmit power at the AP by jointly optimizing the continuous transmit precoding at the AP and the discrete reflect phase shifts at the IRS, subject to a given set of minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints at the user receivers. The considered problem is shown to be a mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP) and thus is difficult to solve in general. To tackle this problem, we first study the single-user case with one user assisted by the IRS and propose both optimal and suboptimal algorithms for solving it. Besides, we analytically show that as compared to the ideal case with continuous phase shifts, the IRS with discrete phase shifts achieves the same squared power gain in terms of asymptotically large number of reflecting elements, while a constant proportional power loss is incurred that depends only on the number of phase-shift levels. The proposed designs for the single-user case are also extended to the general setup with multiple users among which some are aided by the IRS. Simulation results verify our performance analysis as well as the effectiveness of our proposed designs as compared to various benchmark schemes.
Exploratory Datamorphic Testing of Classification Applications (2020)

Testing has been widely recognised as difficult for AI applications. This paper proposes a set of testing strategies for testing machine learning applications in the framework of the datamorphism testing methodology. In these strategies, testing aims at exploring the data space of a classification or clustering application to discover the boundaries between classes that the machine learning application defines. This enables the tester to understand precisely the behaviour and function of the software under test. In the paper, three variants of exploratory strategies are presented with the algorithms as implemented in the automated datamorphic testing tool Morphy. The correctness of these algorithms are formally proved. The paper also reports the results of some controlled experiments with Morphy that study the factors that affect the test effectiveness of the strategies.
Temporal order of replication of Xenopus laevis 5S ribosomal RNA genes in somatic cells. (1986)

The timing of replication of both the somatic and oocyte-type 5S ribosomal RNA genes of Xenopus laevis was determined in cultured cells by using 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling of DNA coupled with a retroactive synchrony technique employing the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The somatic genes replicate very early in S phase, while the oocyte genes replicate very late. These experiments provide direct evidence for a model [Gottesfeld, J. & Bloomer, L. S. (1982) Cell 28, 781-791] in which the transcription-activating factor TFIIIA is required at the time of Xenopus 5S rRNA gene replication to facilitate transcription of these genes.
A new efficient self-checking Hsiao SEC-DED memory error correcting code (2011)

Interest in on-line error detection continues to grow as VLSI circuits increase in complexity. Concurrent checking is increasingly becoming a desirable characteristic thanks to its ability to detect transient faults that may occur in a circuit during normal operation. Accordingly, Concurrent Error Detection (CED) techniques allow the detection of transient faults, which probably not be detected in off-line testing, since they may not occur in test mode. Actually, memories occupy 90% of the SOC area. As they are a fault sensitive, adding error correcting codes (ECC) structures is becoming conventional to enhance the reliability. Hence, designing the ECC logic must ensure not only responding to nanotechnology requirements as high density, reduced power consumption and faster calculation delays but also to be a fail-safe. In this paper, a new self-checking error correcting SEC-DED code architecture is presented. We added the self-checking capability to the SEC-DED circuit using a self-checking differential XOR implemented in Complementary Pass Transistor Logic (CPL). We have selected the Hsiao code to design an efficient SEC-DED.
Abhandlung. Ueber die Polymerisation einiger Nitrile (1889)

ich die Untersuchung der polymeiisirenden Wirkung des Natriums auf einige kohlenstoffreiche Nitrile.Besondere Aufmerksamkeit sollte der Frage gewidmet werden, ob sich dabei Verschiedenheiten zwischen den einlacher und complicirter zu- sammengesetzten Nitrilen ergeben wurden