gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freezing Bovine Semen. V. Practicability of Collecting and Freezing a Large Number of Successive Ejaculates (1959)

From six to 37 successive ejaculates were collected during 12, 2-hr. depletion trials with eight dairy, bulls, and used to investigate (a) the proportion of ejaculates acceptable for freezing and (b) the freezability of the acceptable ejaculates. Only ejaculates showing an initial motility of 30% or more and a minimum of 150 million motile spermatozoa were frozen. On this basis, the percentage of culled ejaculates increased as the number of consecutively collected ejaculates increased. Considering the first five consecutive ejaculates, only 6.7% were culled; among the first ten consecutive ejaculates, ]1.6% were culled; whereas, among all 257 ejaculates collected, 35.8% were culled. There was no significant difference in the reezability of the acceptable ejaculates among the first five or first ten individual ejaculates, and freezability was comparable with that obtained with ejaculates collected from the same bulls when on a frequency of two or six ejaculates per week. Beyond the tenth ejaculate, freezability was generally, but not significantly, poorer and collection of more than ten consecutive ejaculates probably would be of no practical value. Pooling acceptable ejaculates from a depletion trial resulted in freezability comparable to freezing the ejaculates separately. With adequate sexual preparation, the collection of six or seven consecutive ejaculates from a given bull should make available large numbers of sperm at one time, which should freeze satisfactorily.
In Vivo Measurement of Extracellular 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in Hippocampus of the Anaesthetized Rat Using Microdialysis: Changes in Relation to 5‐Hydroxytryptaminergic Neuronal Activity (1989)

The effect of manipulating the activity of central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurones on extracellular 5-HT in ventral hippocampus of the chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rat was studied using the brain perfusion method, microdialysis. Basal levels of 5-HT in the dialysates were close to the detection limits of our assay using HPLC with electrochemical detection. However, addition of the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor citalopram (10(-6) M) to the perfusion medium produced readily measurable amounts of dialysate 5-HT. Citalopram, therefore, was used throughout our experiments. Hippocampal dialysate levels of 5-HT sharply declined over the first hour after dialysis probe implantation, but then became constant. This stable output of 5-HT was reduced by 57% in rats treated 14 days previously with intracerebroventricular injections of the 5-HT neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Electrical stimulation (1-ms pulse width, 300 microA, 2-20 Hz) of the dorsal raphe nucleus for 20 min caused a rapid rise in hippocampal 5-HT output, which immediately declined on cessation of the stimulus and was frequency-dependent. Addition of tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) to the perfusion medium reduced 5-HT levels to 75% of predrug values. Injection of the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (0.5 and 2.5 micrograms) into the dorsal raphe nucleus caused a dose-related fall in hippocampal output of 5-HT compared to saline-injected controls. We conclude from these data that the spontaneous output of endogenous 5-HT into hippocampal dialysates, measured under our experimental conditions, predominantly originates from central 5-HT neurones and changes in accordance with their electrical activity.
Moving toward an atomistic reader model (2005)

With the move to recording densities up to and beyond 1 Tb/in/sup 2/, the size of read elements is continually reducing as a requirement of the scaling process. The expectation is for read elements containing magnetic films as thin as 1.5 nm, in which finite size effects, and factors such as interface mixing might be expected to become of increasing importance. Here, we review the limitations of the current (micromagnetic) approach to the theoretical modeling of thin films and develop an atomistic multiscale model capable of investigating the magnetic properties at the atomic level. Finite-size effects are found to be significant, suggesting the need for models beyond the micromagnetic approach to support the development of future read sensors.
Dual-Band Suspended-Plate Wearable Textile Antenna (2013)

A novel, dual-band wearable textile antenna fabricated using conductive textiles for operation in both ISM and HiperLAN applications is presented. Its concept is based on the suspended-plate antenna. It features a 60 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 45 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> rectangular radiating element suspended over a 80 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex> </formula> 60 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex> </formula> ground plane using a 5-mm foam substrate. The proposed rectangular radiator is modified using slots, slits, and shorting posts to enable dual-band resonance and broad bandwidths in both frequency bands: 277 MHz (2.22–2.48 GHz) in the ISM and 850 MHz (4.95–5.80 GHz) in the HiperLAN band. The antenna radiates unidirectionally, and the ground plane avoids coupling to the users' body. The SP-WTA shows a total efficiency between 67% and 89% and a peak gain of 8.33 dB.
Balancing transmission-line-switching requirements and turbine-generator duties (1980)

The clinical practice guideline developed in this study firstly provides recommendations for symptom management issues focusing on self-management interventions for women with VC or VIN. As an interdisciplinary guideline it should be used in addition to the existing medical guideline in the German speaking context.
Mechanism Study of Contact Corrosion in Unpatterned Metal Wafer (1996)

Abstract A new type metal corrosion, which occurred at contact hole of unpatterned metal wafer, is presented. This type of corrosion is strongly related to wafer queue time from metal sputtering to metal etching, it is thought to be due to chain reaction of chlorine from environmental results., fluorine from wafer edge and moisture desorbed by undermetal dielectric (ILD). Moreover, all corrosion sites accompany with poor metal stepcoverage that is caused by either large seams in W plug or rough ILD surface. Experimental results are presented which show the influence of water desorbed by different ILD materials, capability of water barrier with different barrier metal materials and post W etchback (WEB) thermal treatment on corrosion resistance. Mechanism are proposed to explain the formation of corrosion on unpatterned metal.
GASTRIC NECROSIS: A COMPLICATION OF GASTRIC BANDING (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: CLINICAL VIGNETTES: PDF Only
Automated Spectrum Simulation Methods for Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Based on Database Retrieval and Model-Building Strategies (1997)

An automated method for the prediction of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) chemical shifts which involves the combined use of database retrieval and multivariate calibration methods is described. A commercial database of chemical structures and experimentally measured and assigned 13C NMR spectra is used to implement this methodology. The chemical environment of each of the carbons in the database is encoded as a vector, and Euclidean distance comparisons are made between these vectors and the similarly encoded environment of a target carbon whose chemical shift is to be predicted. This procedure yields a calibration set of carbon atoms with chemical environments similar to that of the target carbon. If the environment of the closest match is very similar to that of the target carbon, the predicted chemical shift is assigned as the chemical shift of that closest match (i.e., a direct chemical shift retrieval is performed). Otherwise, a chemical shift model based on spectra−structure relationships is built using the selected calibration set of carbons. The predicted chemical shift is then calculated with the computed model. The independent variables in the model are derived from numerical structural descriptors which describe some topological, geometrical, or electronic aspect of the chemical environment of the carbon atoms in the calibration set. Multiple linear regression, partial least-squares regression, and principal component regression are compared in terms of their effectiveness for use in building the chemical shift models. A series of experiments is performed to test the accuracy of direct chemical shift retrieval versus model building and to determine the optimal settings of several parameters that affect the model-building step. Based on a test set of 38 504 carbons, an overall mean deviation of 1.85 ppm between predicted and actual chemical shifts is achieved by use of direct retrieval alone, while the corresponding mean deviation based on a combination of direct retrieval and model building is 1.69 ppm.
Enzymic resolution with a multiphase membrane bioreactor: a theoretical analysis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic resolution with a multiphase membrane bioreactor: a theoretical analysisDauh Rurng Wu, Georges Belfort, and Steven M. CramerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 8, 1612–1621Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00104a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00104a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calibration of panelized polarimetric phased array radar antennas: A case study (2010)

Demand for improvements in the performance and capabilities of new polarimetric radar systems beyond those of their predominantly mechanically-rotated predecessors has led to an effort to realize large, dual-polarized phased array an-tennas. These arrays have changing polarization characteristics with scan angle, requiring calibration and compensation. This paper provides a qualitative discussion of the challenge in meeting polarime-tric weather radar requirements, such as a low bias in differential reflectivity (Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DR</sub> ) and integrated cross polarization ratio (ICPR). A case study is presented using low-cost, aperture-coupled, stacked-patch antennas, a representative example of what may be used in large polarimetric phased array applications, to predict quantitatively the performance that can be achieved through suitable calibration and size constraints.
Pressure flow urodynamic studies: the gold standard for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. (2005)

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women. By definition, BOO is determined urodynamically, assessing the pressure-flow relation during voiding. Since the 1960s much work has been done to standardize the urodynamic definitions of obstruction in men and more recently women. Today, urodynamic testing voiding pressure-flow analysis remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of BOO and the etiology of LUTS. The pressure-flow relation is much better defined in men than in women, but recent work suggests that although the definition of obstruction may differ between men and women, the concept of the pressure-flow relation to diagnose obstruction holds true for both genders.
Multiaxial stress state assessed by 3D X-Ray tomography on semi-crystalline polymers (2011)

This work aims at linking the microstructural evolution of semi-crystalline polymers to the macroscopic material behaviour under multiaxial stress state. Tensile tests on notched round bars, interrupted after different stages of deformation before failure, were supposed to have undergone various states of stress in the vicinity of the net cross-section. They were examined using synchrotron radiation tomography. A sample obtained from a test stopped at the end of stress softening stage showed elongated axi-symmetric columns of voids separated by thin ligaments of material. This special morphology allowed investigating the distributions of voids in terms of both volume fraction and orientation. This distribution was compared with the theoretical multiaxial stress/strain field. The combination of the tomographic images analyses and the continuum mechanics approach results in a determination of the principal mechanical parameter driving voids evolution.
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Promotes Angiogenesis in the Quail Chorioallantoic Membrane (2006)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is tightly regulated by growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The authors hypothesize that nerve growth factor (NGF), a well known neurotrophin, may play a direct angiogenic role. To test this hypothesis, the authors measured the effects of NGF on the natural vascularization of the quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The angiogenic effect of NGF was compared to that of human recombinant VEGF165 (rhVEGF) and basic FGF (rhbFGF). In comparison to phosphate-buffered saline-treated controls, NGFs from different biological sources (mouse, viper, and cobra) increased the rate of angiogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion from 0.5 to 5 microg. For quantitative morphometry, grayscale images of the blood vessels end points of the CAM arteries were binarized for visualization and skeletonized for quantization by fractal analysis. In mouse NGF-treated embryos the fractal dimension (Df), indicative of arterial vessel length and density, increased to 1.266 +/- 0.021 compared to 1.131 +/- 0.018 (p < .001) for control embryos. This effect was similar to that of 0.5 microg rhVEGF (1.290 +/- 0.021, p < .001) and 1.5 microg rhbFGF (1.264 +/- 0.028, p < .001). The mouse NGF-induced angiogenic effect was blocked by 1 microM K252a (1.149 +/- 0.018, p < .001), an antagonist of the NGF/trkA receptor, but not by 1 microM SU-5416 (1.263 +/- 0.029, p < .001), the VEGF/Flk1 receptor antagonist, indicating a direct, selective angiogenic effect of NGF via quail embryo trkA receptor activation. These results confirm previous observations that NGF has angiogenic activity and suggest that this neurotrophin may also play an important role in the cardiovascular system, besides its well-known effects in the nervous system. The angiogenic properties of NGF may be beneficial in engineering new blood vessels and for developing novel antiangiogenesis therapies for cancer.
A low-complexity Gaussian message passing iterative detector for massive MU-MIMO systems (2015)

This paper considers a low-complexity Gaussian Message Passing Iterative Detection (GMPID) method over a pairwise graph for a massive Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) system, in which a base station with M antennas serves K Gaussian sources simultaneously. Both K and M are large numbers and we consider the cases that K < M in this paper. The GMPID is a message passing algorithm based on a fully connected loopy graph, which is well known that it is not convergent in some cases. In this paper, we first analyse the convergence of GMPID. Two sufficient conditions that the GMPID converges to the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detection are proposed. However, the GMPID may still not converge when K/M > (√2 − l)2. Therefore, a new convergent GMPID with equally low complexity called SA-GMPID is proposed, which converges to the MMSE detection for any K < M with a faster convergence speed. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed theoretical results.
Interaction of Sr(II) and Np(V) with potassium ferrate(VI) reduction products in aqueous solution (2013)

The interaction of Sr(II) and Np(V) with potassium ferrate(VI) reduction products in aqueous solution at pH 4–8 was studied by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The ferrihydrite precipitate formed by reduction of ferrate ions quantitatively sorbs Sr(II) and Np(V) from 0.1 M NaClO4. The precipitate particle size determined by scanning electron microscopy is in the nanometer range. The degree of recovery of the radionuclides from simulated liquid radioactive wastes containing such complexing agents as acetate, citrate, and nitrate ions is 70 ± 5 and 84 ± 2%, respectively.
Tracking multiple single molecules in living cells (2015)

A three-camera microscope without moving parts enables fast and accurate tracking of individual enzyme molecules, their regulators, and catalytic product molecules simultaneously in the nuclei of living cells.
Sclerenchymatous ring as a barrier to phloem feeding by Asian citrus psyllid: Evidence from electrical penetration graph and visualization of stylet pathways (2017)

Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) feeding behaviors play a significant role in the transmission of the phloem-limited Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) bacterium that causes the economically devastating citrus greening disease. Sustained phloem ingestion by D. citri on CLas infected plants is required for pathogen acquisition and transmission. Recent studies have shown a fibrous ring of thick-walled sclerenchyma around the phloem in mature, fully expanded citrus leaves that is more prominent on the abaxial compared with the adaxial side. The composition and thickness of this fibrous ring may have an important role in selection of feeding sites by D. citri based on leaf age and leaf surface, which in turn can affect pathogen acquisition and transmission. We measured feeding behavior using electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of individual D. citri adults placed on abaxial or adaxial surfaces of young or mature Valencia orange leaves to study the role of the sclerenchymatous ring in modifying D. citri feeding behavior. Feeding sites on the same leaf tissues were then sectioned and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. The duration of phloem ingestion (E2 waveform) by psyllids was significantly reduced on mature compared with young leaves, and on abaxial compared with adaxial leaf surfaces. The longest duration of phloem ingestion was observed from psyllids placed on the adaxial side of young leaves that had the least developed sclerenchyma. Bouts of phloem salivation (E1 waveform), however, were significantly longer on mature leaves compared with young leaves. D. citri adults made consecutive phloem feeding attempts (bouts) on the abaxial side of mature leaves and those bouts resulted in unsuccessful or shorter periods of phloem ingestion. Adults also made more frequent and longer bouts of xylem ingestion on mature leaves compared with adult psyllids placed on young leaves. Epifluorescence microscopy showed that the fibrous ring in young leaves was thinner and autofluoresced in red whereas the ring in mature leaves was thicker and autofluoresced in blue, indicating changes in structure and composition (e.g., lignification) of sclerenchyma correlated with leaf age. Our results support the hypothesis that the presence of a thick, well-developed fibrous ring around phloem tissues of mature leaves acts as a barrier to frequent or prolonged phloem ingestion by D. citri from citrus leaves. This may have an important role in limiting or preventing CLas acquisition and/or transmission by D. citri, and could be used for identification and development of resistant citrus cultivars.
Wavelet-Based Enveloping for Spindle Health Diagnosis (2006)

A new method for identifying structural defect-induced vibration signals was developed based on the analytic wavelet transform. The advantage of this method is that it extracts a defect-related impulse signals and sonstructs its envelope in a single step, eleminating the need for intermediate operations. Theoretical background of the analytic wavelet transform is studied. Analysis numerically simulated and experimental vibration signals have confirmed that the developed method can successfully detect the small defect-induced impulses that are buried in the main vibration and noise signals.
Scalable and Tunable Carbide–Phosphide Composite Catalyst System for the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass (2017)

We have prepared composite materials of hexagonal nickel phosphide and molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) utilizing a simple and scalable two-stage synthesis method composed of carbothermic reduction followed by hydrothermal incubation. We observe the monophasic hexagonal phosphide Ni2P in the composite at low phosphide-to-carbide (P:C) ratios. Upon an increase in the proportion of P:C, the carbide surface becomes saturated, and we detect the emergence of a second hexagonal nickel phosphide phase (Ni5P4) upon annealing. We demonstrate that vapor-phase upgrading (VPU) of whole biomass via catalytic fast pyrolysis is achievable using the composite material as a catalyst, and we monitor the resulting product slates using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our analysis of the product vapors indicates that variation of the P:C molar ratio in the composite material affords product slates of varying complexity and composition, which is indicated by the number of products and their relative proportions in the product slate. Our results demonstrate that targeted vapor product composition can be obtained, which can potentially be utilized for tuning of the composition of the bio-oil downstream.