gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ROLLOVER, BRAKING, AND DYNAMIC STABILITY--MODIFIED SUSPENSION VEHICLES, FINAL REPORT. VOLUME II: APPENDICES A-D (1990)

A study was performed to investigate the dynamic response properties of modified suspension pickup trucks and utility vehicles in particular open loop steering and braking maneuvers. Three example vehicles were tested, a 1985 Toyota pickup, a 1986 Chevrolet K-20 pickup, and a 1986 Chevrolet S-10 Blazer; in both their OE configurations and with extensive suspension, chassis, and tire modifications using aftermarket components. These modifications tended to increase the cg height, widen the track, decrease braking gain, increase suspension compliance, and possibly lead to greater loads on suspension components. Outriggers were used to prevent rollover, and an automatic vehicle controller was used to input large, repeatable and rapid open loop maneuvers. Each vehicle configuration was tested in 5 maneuvers, including straight line braking, trapezoidal steering, braking in a turn, steady state turning, and sinusoidal steering. Full scale test results are presented to show the effect of vehicle modifications on sublimit and limit performance in these maneuvers.
sli-1, a negative regulator of let-23-mediated signaling in C. elegans. (1995)

By screening for suppressors of hypomorphic mutations of let-23, a receptor tyrosine kinase necessary for vulval induction in Caenorhabditis elegans, we recovered > or = 12 mutations defining the sli-1 (suppressor of lineage defect) locus. sli-1 mutations suppress four of five phenotypes associated with hypomorphic alleles of let-23 but do not suppress let-23 null alleles. Thus, a sli-1 mutation does not bypass the requirement for functional let-23 but rather allows more potent LET-23-dependent signaling. Mutations at the sli-1 locus are otherwise silent with respect to vulval differentiation and cause only a low-penetrance abnormal head phenotype. Mutations at sli-1 also suppress the vulval defects but not other defects associated with mutations of sem-5, whose product likely interacts with LET-23 protein during vulval induction. Mutations at sli-1 suppress lin-2, lin-7 and lin-10 mutations but only partially suppress lin-3 and let-60 mutations and do not suppress a lin-45 mutation. The sli-1 locus displays dosage sensitivity: severe reduction of function alleles of sli-1 are semidominant suppressors; a duplication of the sli-1(+) region enhances the vulvaless phenotype of hypomorphic mutations of let-23. We propose that sli-1 is a negative regulator that acts at or near the LET-23-mediated step of the vulval induction pathway. Our analysis suggests that let-23 can activate distinct signaling pathways in different tissues: one pathway is required for vulval induction; another pathway is involved in hermaphrodite fertility and is not regulated by sli-1.
Pressure and Flow‐Volume Distribution Associated With Intra‐aortic Balloon Inflation: An In Vitro Study (2007)

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is the most widely used cardiac assist device, whose main benefits are augmentation of coronary flow and reduction of left-ventricular afterload. The aim of this study is to investigate the pressure and flow-volume distribution associated with balloon inflation. We hypothesize that in order to displace fluid on both sides of the balloon, a pressure locus must be present along the balloon during inflation. In vitro experiments were performed in two positions, horizontal and angled, using four balloon sizes: 25, 34, 40, and 50 cc. Along and on both sides of each balloon, we measured pressure, flow rate, and calculated flow velocity, volume displacement, wave intensity and energy. A pressure locus was found at the center of each balloon and the average flow volume displaced toward the tip at the horizontal position was about 57% of the balloon volume. In the angled position, the location of the pressure locus was less obvious and average volume displacement toward the top end of the balloon was reduced to 45%. These results confirm the existence of a pressure locus at the center of each of the balloons we tested. Because a clear reduction in flow volume was observed at the angled position, these results may have clinical implications as most patients using IABP in the intensive care units are nursed in semirecumbent position.
Irreversible hemorrhagic shock in rats: method and critical bleeding volume (1961)

A procedure consisting of a combination of tail bleeding and heart puncture has allowed the controlled withdrawal of predetermined amounts of blood from rats. Within a narrow bleeding range of 3.9–4.0 vol. % body weight the mortality rate has been found to rise sharply from 20–70%. Survival or death do not seem to be associated with any significant changes in the fluid contents of the small intestine despite the marked hemorrhagic discoloration seen at autopsy. The removal of 4.1 (or more) vol. % body weight of blood results in a mortality rate of 80–85% with no deaths occurring beyond 4 hours. Observations made before and after death suggest that the rats die from irreversible hemorrhagic shock. The method is applicable to experiments involving 10–20 animals at a time.
Portable modeling of virtual physics for audio and haptic interaction design (2017)

Synth-A-Modeler is a language for specifying and parameterizing virtual models of vibrating structures. These models can be compiled into a wide variety of target formats for real-time digital signal processing. To enable users to interact with the virtual models in real time, an open-source haptic device called the FireFader is provided. In demonstrations, users employ a FireFader to pluck a virtual vibrating string, from which they receive audio and haptic feedback. Digital signal processing is employed to calculate the audio and haptic signals. The audio signal is sampled at a fast rate such as 44.1kHz, and the haptic signal is downsampled at a lower sampling rate as limited by the USB bus. The entire toolchain is open-source and straightforwardly extensible.
Rotor Effects on L. Band Signals Received by Helicopter Antennas. Part III. Measurements of the Amplitude and Phase Distortions of CW Signals. (1975)

Abstract : An experimental study of rotor-blade-induced distortions of L-band signals has been carried out to verify the results of a previous theoretical investigation. These signals were received by helicopter antennas mounted on the cabin roof below the rotor. To verify the theoretical findings, the effects of such distortions on horizontally and vertically polarized incident signals were measured for several directions of incidence. The results of both the theory and experiments are in excellent agreement.
Study of gas‐phase molecular recognition using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR/MS) (2001)

The application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry to the quantitative study of molecular recognition in the gas phase is reviewed. Because most quantitative measurements are dependent on accurate determination of the pressure of a neutral reagent, methods for accurate pressure measurement in FTICR, including gauge calibration using a reaction with known rate constants (the traditional method), exothermic proton transfer rate measurement (often the best method when accurate neutral pressures in the trapping cell are desired), and linewidth measurement (a little-used, but generally applicable method) are discussed. The use of rate constant measurements in molecular recognition is illustrated with examples employing natural abundance isotopic labeling to study self-exchange and 2 : 1 ligand:metal complex formation kinetics in crown ether-alkali cation systems. Self-exchange rates do not correlate with alkali cation/crown cavity size relationships, whereas 2 : 1 complex formation kinetics correlate strongly with size relationships. The use of exchange equilibrium constant measurements to characterize molecular recognition is illustrated by alkali cation exchanges between 18-crown-6 and the isomers of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6. These experiments show that the alkyl-substituted ligand binds alkali cations better than unsubstituted 18-crown-6 in the gas phase, in accordance with expectations based on the higher polarizability of the alkyl-substituted ligand. Further, the metal binding thermochemistry differs for the two dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 isomers, with the bowl-shaped cis-syn-cis isomer binding all the alkali cations more strongly than the cis-anti-cis isomer. The measurement of entropies and enthalpies associated with one of the most subtle forms of molecular recognition, enantiomeric discrimination, is illustrated by studies of the discrimination between enantiomers of chiral amines by dimethyldiketopyridino-18-crown-6. This chiral ligand binds chiral primary ammonium cations that have the opposite absolute configuration at their stereocenter more strongly than the enantiomer with the same absolute configuration. Gas-phase studies show that this enantiomeric discrimination is enthalpic in origin, likely related to more favorable pi-pi stacking for the preferred enantiomer. Entropy disfavors binding of the preferred enantiomer.
Gm(f)—a Determinant of Human γ‐Globulin (1965)

Résumé Trois sérums qui, apparemment, se comportaient comme un anti‐Gm(b) lorsqu'on les utilisaient pour déterminer des sérums en nombre limité de personnes de race caucasienne, ont été à même d'agglutiner des erythrocytes revêtus d'anticorps anti‐Rhésus qui ne sensibilisaient pas les erythrocytes à l'anti‐Gm(b). Nous proposons d'appeler la spécificité de ces sérums anti‐Gm(f). Le type Gm(b+f‐) est commun dans la race noire. Les caucasiens étudiés sont, à de rares exceptions près, Gm(b+f+) ou Gm(b‐f‐). Zusammenfassung Drei Seren, die sich bei Austestung mit einer begrenzten Zahl Seren von Weiflen wie Anti‐Gm(b) verhielten, vermochten Erythrozyten zu agglutinicren, welche mit Anti‐Rh‐Antikörpern beladen waren, die mit Anti‐Gm(b) nicht reagieren. Für die in diesen Seren enthaltene Anti‐Gm‐Spezifität wird die Bezeichnung Anti‐Gm(f) vorgeschlagen. Der Typus Gm(b+f‐) findet sich häufig bei Negern. Die untersuchten Individuen weißer Rasse erwiesen sich, von seltenen Ausnahmen abgesehen, als Gm(b+f+) oder Gm(b‐f‐).
Screening for sodium exclusion in wheat and barley (2006)

Accessions and cultivars of the genus Triticum (T. monococcum, T. urartu, T. tauschii, T. durum and T. aestivum) and of Hordeum (H. vulgare and H. spontaneum), from different geographical locations, were screened for sodium exclusion. Species from both genera demonstrated a range of differences in Na+ exclusion/accumulation in the shoot. The greatest polymorphism for Na⁺ exclusion was found in T. monococcum accessions, where there was more than 50-fold difference between the lowest excluder and the highest accumulator, while T. durum, showed minimal variability in Na⁺ exclusion, (less than 1.5-fold). These results are important for guiding a strategic choice of parental forms, and reflect the pressure of both natural and artificial selection, as well as on adaptation in both wild accessions and cultivated forms to high salinity environments.
Deletions into an NH2-terminal hydrophobic domain result in secretion of rotavirus VP7, a resident endoplasmic reticulum membrane glycoprotein. (1985)

Rotavirus, a non-enveloped reovirus, buds into the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transiently acquires a membrane. The structural glycoprotein, VP7, a 38-kD integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), presumably transfers to virus in this process. The gene for VP7 potentially encodes a protein of 326 amino acids which has two tandem hydrophobic domains at the NH2-terminal, each preceded by an in-frame ATG codon. A series of deletion mutants constructed from a full-length cDNA clone of the Simian 11 rotavirus VP7 gene were expressed in COS 7 cells. Products from wild-type, and mutants which did not affect the second hydrophobic domain of VP7, were localized by immunofluorescence to elements of the ER only. However, deletions affecting the second hydrophobic domain (mutants 42-61, 43-61, 47-61) showed immunofluorescent localization of VP7 which coincided with that of wheat germ agglutinin, indicating transport to the Golgi apparatus. Immunoprecipitable wild-type protein, or an altered protein lacking the first hydrophobic sequence, remained intracellular and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H sensitive. In contrast, products of mutants 42-61, 43-61, and 47-61 were transported from the ER, and secreted. Glycosylation of the secreted molecules was inhibited by tunicamycin, resistant to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H digestion and therefore of the N-linked complex type. An unglycosylated version of VP7 was also secreted. We suggest that the second hydrophobic domain contributes to a positive signal for ER location and a membrane anchor function. Secretion of the mutant glycoprotein implies that transport can be constitutive with the destination being dictated by an overriding compartmentalization signal.
Laparoscopic Resection of Periadrenal Paraganglioma (2008)

Two cases with periadrenal paraganglioma are herein reported. Patient 1: A 26-year-old woman who presented with headache and hyperhidrosis was noted to have hypertension. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and I-tagged metaiodobenzylguanidine nuclear scintigraphy revealed a mass measuring 30 x 30 mm in size between the upper pole of the left kidney and the aorta. The value of urinary noradrenaline and normetanephrine were high. Patient 2: A 38-year-old woman who presented with headache and hyperhidrosis was noted to have hypertension. A preoperative imaging study revealed a mass measuring 20 x 20 mm in size between the upper pole of the left kidney and the aorta. The value of blood noradrenaline and urinary normetanephrine were high. In both cases, the paragangliomas were successfully removed laparoscopically without either any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Patient 1 is alive and doing well with no recurrence for 9 years, whereas patient 2 has been doing well for 3 years.
Investigation of adenylate kinase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its interaction with nucleotides by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1989)

The secondary structure of adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) from E. coli was investigated under various conditions using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The overall band contour of the conformation-sensitive amide I mode indicates that in HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) the major structure of the protein is alpha-helical. A more detailed estimate obtained from decomposition of the amide I band into its constituent component bands gives 50% alpha-helix, 26% beta-structure, 15% turns and loops, and about 9% nonrepetitive unordered structures. Binding of nucleotide (e.g., ATP) to the donor site decreases the beta-content and shifts the amide I band to higher wavenumbers, whereas binding of nucleotide (e.g., AMP) to the acceptor site does not produce any change in conformation of the protein. These results agree with the protection by ATP and lack of protection by AMP when adenylate kinase is digested with trypsin. The effect of protein denaturing agents and conditions (temperature, high pH, sodium dodecyl sulfate) on changes in the protein conformation as revealed by the conformation-sensitive amide I bands is discussed.
The Tight Junction-Associated Protein Occludin Is Required for a Postbinding Step in Hepatitis C Virus Entry and Infection (2009)

The precise mechanisms regulating hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatic cells remain unknown. However, several cell surface proteins have been identified as entry factors for this virus. Of these molecules, claudin-1, a tight junction (TJ) component, is considered a coreceptor required for HCV entry. Recently, we have demonstrated that HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCVgp) promote structural and functional TJ alterations. Additionally, we have shown that the intracellular interaction between viral E2 glycoprotein and occludin, another TJ-associated protein, could be the cause of the mislocalization of TJ proteins. Herein we demonstrated, by using cell culture-derived HCV particles (HCVcc), that interference of occludin expression markedly reduced HCV infection. Furthermore, our results with HCV pseudotyped particles indicated that occludin, but not other TJ-associated proteins, such as junctional adhesion molecule A or zonula occludens protein 1, was required for HCV entry. Using HCVcc, we demonstrated that occludin did not play an essential role in the initial attachment of HCV to target cells. Surface protein labeling experiments showed that both expression levels and cell surface localization of HCV (co)receptors CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I, and claudin-1 were not affected upon occludin knockdown. In addition, immunofluorescence confocal analysis showed that occludin interference did not affect subcellular distribution of the HCV (co)receptors analyzed. However, HCVgp fusion-associated events were altered after occludin silencing. In summary, we propose that occludin plays an essential role in HCV infection and probably affects late entry events. This observation may provide new insights into HCV infection and related pathogenesis.
Finite wordlength effects in quadrature mirror filter banks (2003)

The authors investigate the effects of finite wordlength on the performance of QMF (quadrature mirror filter) banks implemented with fixed-point arithmetic. A statistical model for roundoff errors is used to predict the output roundoff noise in each subband. The amplitudes of the parasitic oscillations which are due to a DC component in each subband are predicted with the same model. For two's complement arithmetic, the authors discuss the effects of truncation and rounding, and present analysis results. A general framework for analyzing different splitting schemes is given. The enhancement of roundoff noise for low frequencies is obvious. It is pointed out that parasitic frequency components can be avoided if two's complement rounding is used, while roundoff noise can only be reduced by increasing the wordlength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photoacoustic and photothermal detection of circulating tumor cells, bacteria and nanoparticles in cerebrospinal fluid <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> (2013)

Abstract Circulating cells, bacteria, proteins, microparticles, and DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are excellent biomarkers of many diseases, including cancer and infections. However, the sensitivity of existing methods is limited in their ability to detect rare CSF biomarkers at the treatable, early‐stage of diseases. Here, we introduce novel CSF tests based on in vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) and ex vivo photothermal scanning cytometry. In the CSF of tumor‐bearing mice, we molecularly detected in vivo circulating tumor cells (CTCs) before the development of breast cancer brain metastasis with 20‐times higher sensitivity than with current assays. For the first time, we demonstrated assessing three pathways (i.e., blood, lymphatic, and CSF) of CTC dissemination, tracking nanoparticles in CSF in vivo and their imaging ex vivo . In label‐free CSF samples, we counted leukocytes, erythrocytes, melanoma cells, and bacteria and imaged intracellular cytochromes, hemoglobin, melanin, and carotenoids, respectively. Taking into account the safety of PAFC, its translation for use in humans is expected to improve disease diagnosis beyond conventional detection limits. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A study of the one-dimensional conductor Li<sub>0.75</sub>[Pt{S<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>]·2H<sub>2</sub>O (1982)

The preparation, and a detailed study of electrical conduction properties, of Li0.75[Pt(S2C4N2)2]·2H2O are described. The electrical conduction properties are compared with those of other one-dimensional metals.
Cumulative Gas Production Distribution on the Nikanassin Tight Gas Formation, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada (2010)

Abstract 271 wells producing exclusively from the Nikanassin and equivalent Formations in a very large area of over 15,000 square kilometers in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, have been evaluated with a view to determine the distribution of cumulative gas production and the possibilities of intensive infill drilling. The Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Nikanassin formation is generally characterized as a tight gas formation with low values of permeability (typically a fraction of millidarcy) and low porosities (usually less than 6%). It is likely that natural microfractures and slot pores dominate the productivity of the formation. The study area was divided into 6 smaller narrow areas (A to F) approximately parallel to the NW-SE trending thrust belt of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Area ‘A’ is located to the west of the deformation edge, area ‘B’ is on the deformation edge, and areas ‘C’ to ‘F’ are located to the east. Area ‘C’ is the deepest and closest to the thrust belt, whereas area ‘F’ is the shallowest and furthest from the thrust belt. Cumulative production characteristics within each area were evaluated with a variability distribution model (VDM) developed recently for naturally fractured reservoirs. The evaluation of each one of the 6 areas (271 wells) resulted in coefficients of determination, r2, greater than 0.99 in all cases. The results indicate that the gas cumulative production distribution per well is more homogeneous along the deformation edge (area B), where 80% of the wells contribute approximately 50% of the cumulative production. The highest heterogeneity was found in area F (the shallowest) with 80% of the wells contributing only 25% of the cumulative gas production. Areas A, B, D and E have more or less the same distribution with 80% of the wells contributing between 35% and 45% of the cumulative gas production. Preliminary, there is an association between the cumulative production distribution and lateral variations of borehole breakouts in the Nikanassin formation on a transect perpendicular to the deformation belt of the WCSB. Analysis of the distributions leads to the conclusions that the Nikanassin is a very heterogeneous formation and that there is significant potential for massive drilling to efficiently drain the formation. The possibilities of horizontal wells and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing jobs are being investigated at this time.
Epitaxial crystallization of lipids containing alkane chains (1983)

As shown in an accompanying paper, the quantitative use of electron diffration data from slightly bent, thin microcrystals for structure analysis is impeded when a long unit cell axis is parallel to the incident beam. A total crystallographic analysis is allowed, on the other hand, if a shorter cell edge parallels this direction so that the largest Patterson components along this vector are not severely spread out by slight crystal bending. Because of favored van der Waals interactions, typical solution crystal growth of molecular organic compounds causes the longest unit cell axis to lie approximately perpendicular to the best developed crystal face. A crystal growth forcing the longest unit cell axis to lie in this direction, on the other hand, can be realized by epitaxy, the earliest demonstration for polymethylene chain materials given by Willems. Although the use of cleaved salt crystal faces has long been popular for nucleation of epitaxial growth, organic substrates, such as naphthalene, present certain advantages.
Intravascular ultrasound evaluating coronary stents for patients with coronary artery disease: compared old with new multilink stents. (2002)

The new Multilink stent is obviously superior to old Multilink stents, in particular, in the stent MLD and lumen CSA--major determinants of the restenosis.