gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dirty Model for Multi-task Learning (2010)

We consider multi-task learning in the setting of multiple linear regression, and where some relevant features could be shared across the tasks. Recent research has studied the use ofℓ1/ℓq norm block-regularizations withq&gt; 1 for such blocksparse structured problems, establishing strong guarantees on recovery even under high-dimensional scaling where the number of features scale with the number of observations. However, these papers also caution that the performance of such block-regularized methods are very dependent on the extent to which the features are shared across tasks. Indeed they show [8] that if the extent of overlap is less than a threshold, or even if parameter values in the shared features are highly uneven, then block ℓ1/ℓq regularization could actually perform worse than simple separate elementwise ℓ1 regularization. Since these caveats depend on the unknown true parameters, we might not know when and which method to apply. Even otherwise, we are far away from a realistic multi-task setting: not only do the set of relevant features have to be exactly the same across tasks, but their values
Leukaemia Diagnosis: A Guide to the Fab Classification (1990)

Acute leukaemia the myelodyplastic syndromes the FAB classifications in relation to cytogentic abnormalities and other markers of leukaemic cells lymphorproliferative disorders other leukaemias.
Neuregulin/erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 autocrine loop contributes to invasion and early recurrence of human hepatoma (2010)

The constitutive activation of ERBB3-dependent signaling via the NRG1/ERBB3 autocrine loop plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell motility and invasion, which contribute to intrahepatic metastasis and early recurrence of HCC. ERBB3 is a marker for the prediction of intrahepatic metastasis and early recurrence. ERBB3-dependent signaling is a candidate target for the treatment of microscopic vascular invasion and for the prevention of HCC recurrence.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Isoforms, Inflammatory Disorders, and Cancer (2018)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from a murine thymic stromal cell line. TSLP exerts its biological effects by binding to a high-affinity heteromeric complex composed of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor chain and IL-7Rα. TSLP is primarily expressed by activated lung and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. However, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, and presumably other immune cells can also produce TSLP. Different groups of investigators have demonstrated the existence of two variants for TSLP in human tissues: the main isoform expressed in steady state is the short form (sf TSLP), which plays a homeostatic role, whereas the long form (lfTSLP) is upregulated in inflammatory conditions. In addition, there is evidence that in pathological conditions, TSLP can be cleaved by several endogenous proteases. Several cellular targets for TSLP have been identified, including immune (DCs, ILC2, T and B cells, NKT and Treg cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, mast cells, and macrophages) and non-immune cells (platelets and sensory neurons). TSLP has been originally implicated in a variety of allergic diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis). Emerging evidence indicates that TSLP is also involved in chronic inflammatory (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and celiac disease) and autoimmune (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis) disorders and several cancers. These emerging observations greatly widen the role of TSLP in different human diseases. Most of these studies have not used tools to analyze the expression of the two TSLP isoforms. The broad pathophysiologic profile of TSLP has motivated therapeutic targeting of this cytokine. Tezepelumab is a first-in-class human monoclonal antibody (1) that binds to TSLP inhibiting its interaction with TSLP receptor complex. Tezepelumab given as an add-on-therapy to patients with severe uncontrolled asthma has shown safety and efficacy. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and the efficacy of tezepelumab in different inflammatory disorders. Monoclonal antibodies used to neutralize TSLP should not interact or hamper the homeostatic effects of sf TSLP.
Differential expression and adherence of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> FimA genotypes (2011)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary pathogen involved in the initiation and progression of adult chronic periodontitis. Its colonization on oral surfaces is a necessary first step leading to infection. FimA, a subunit protein of major (long) fimbriae, is a well-known virulence factor. Based on its nucleotide sequence, FimA is classified into several genotypes. We compared here the transcriptional levels of the fimA gene in several P. gingivalis strains using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, fimbrial display on the P. gingivalis surface using transmission electronic microscopy, and the adherence competencies of P. gingivalis strains carrying different types of FimAs towards saliva and Streptococcus gordonii surfaces using mutagenesis analysis. We demonstrated differential expression of each fimA gene in these P. gingivalis strains. A correlation of the transcription level of fimA and binding activity of P. gingivalis was revealed. We show that P. gingivalis strains with genotype I and II of FimA are efficient in interaction with saliva or S. gordonii. This work highlights the important role of FimA type I and II in P. gingivalis attachment to oral surfaces.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Assays and Applications (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (marrow-derived stromal cells -MSC) were first harvested from the marrow well over two decades ago and were shown to likely play diverse functions in vitro and in vivo. MSC are thought to contribute to the stem cell niche in the marrow; contribute to smooth muscle, adipocyte, bone and cartilage development and repair; and in general contribute to the parenchyma of the most tissues and organs. MSC or MSC-like cells can therefore be isolated from a variety of tissues, and while subtle differences between these populations have been identified, their properties seem similar and different researchers have used different subpopulations of MSC and tested their efficacy in a variety of diverse models of disease.
So Your Client Wants To Engage In Deep Seabed Mining (1999)

An excited client calls their corporate attorney, claiming to have solved the technical problems associated with the mining of manganese nodules on the seabed beyond national boundaries, commonly called the "area."
The World Bank's role in shaping Third World population policy (1990)

Since the World Bank became involved in population work in 1969, it has sought to influence Third World population policy by undertaking several types of activity: lending, policy dialogue, economic and sector work, analysis and research, and collaboration with other international agencies. The Bank's comparative advantage lies in policy development. It uses three main strategies: policy dialogue, sector work, and policy-oriented research. Policy dialogue occurs with government officials and program managers, mainly through discussions, Bank-sponsored seminars, and project development. Population sector work, which analyzes the population sector in a particular country, provides a base for operational activities and for initiating policy dialogue with program managers. Population research in recent years has focused on alternative policy and program strategies. The Bank's work in policy development has contributed greatly to shifts in government population policy in many countries, and its operational strategies have helped shape population programs in others. Its work program in the coming years will continue to stress policy work.
Enhanced tolerance and antitumor efficacy by docetaxel-loaded albumin nanoparticles (2015)

Docetaxel is one of the most active chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The traditional docetaxel injection (TAXOTERE®) is currently formulated in the surfactant polysorbate 80, which has been associated with severe adverse reactions. To avoid the use of polysorbate 80 as well as to reduce the systemic toxicity of docetaxel, in this study, docetaxel-loaded albumin nanoparticles were fabricated by a novel simple self-assembly method. The resulting nanoparticles showed a mean diameter size of 150 nm. After being encapsulated into nanoparticles, docetaxel displayed similar cytotoxicity to traditional injection. Since polysorbate 80 was not involved in nanoparticles, the hemolysis was completely eliminated. The maximal tolerance dose of nanoparticles was also increased, which allowed a higher dose to be safely intravenously injected and produced ideal antitumor effects. The 150 nm diameter also allowed the nanoparticles to accumulate in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The passive targeting ability further caused the higher antitumor effects of nanoparticles than that of traditional injection at the same dose (7.5 mg/kg). Therefore, docetaxel-loaded albumin nanoparticles fabricated by our strategy showed higher promise in their safety and effectiveness than the traditional docetaxel injection.
A toolkit for automatically constructing outdoor radio maps (2005)

Outdoor location systems based on wireless access point (WAP) signal strength must either know the exact location of the WAPs in order to use a triangulation algorithm, or must construct a radio-map of the signal strengths. While the radio-map technique increases accuracy and can accommodate a wireless network that is not owned by any one entity, conventional methods for constructing a radio-map are labor-intensive and impractical in such environments. We introduce a toolkit for automatically constructing outdoor radio-maps. Our toolkit can easily be carried by delivery personnel and security guards during their normal work duties to obtain signal readings. The scattered data readings are then fed into an interpolation algorithm to construct a more complete grid that can be used as the radio-map.
Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Therapy (2012)

Nanoparticle contrast agents offer the potential to significantly improve existing methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Advantages include biocompatibility, selective accumulation in tumor cells, and reduced toxicity. Considerable research is underway into the use of nanoparticles as enhancement agents for radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy, where they may be used to deliver treatment agents, produce localized enhancements in radiation dose and selectively target tumor cells for localized damage. This paper reviews the current status of nanoparticles for cancer treatment and presents preliminary results of a pilot study investigating titanium dioxide nanoparticles for dual‐mode enhancement of computed tomography (CT) imaging and kilovoltage radiation therapy. Although titanium dioxide produced noticeable image contrast enhancement in the CT scans, more sensitive detectors are needed to determine whether the nanoparticles can also produce localized dose enhancement for targeted radiation therapy.
Development of a Raster-based Two-dimensional Flood Inundation Model (2010)

This prospective observational study investigated the effect of focused transthoracic echocardiography in 99 patients who had suspected cardiac disease or were ≥ 65 years old, and were scheduled for emergency non-cardiac surgery. The treating anaesthetist completed a diagnosis and management plan before and after transthoracic echocardiography, which was performed by an independent operator. Clinical examination rated cardiac disease present in 75%; the remainder were asymptomatic. The cardiac diagnosis was changed in 67% and the management plan in 44% of patients after echocardiography. Cardiac disease was identified by echocardiography in 64% of patients, which led to a step-up of treatment in 36% (4% delay for cardiology referral, 2% altered surgery, 4% intensive care and 26% intra-operative haemodynamic management changes). Absence of cardiac disease in 36% resulted in a step-down of treatment in 8% (no referral 3%, intensive care 1% or haemodynamic treatment 4%). Pre-operative focused transthoracic echocardiography in patients admitted for emergency surgery and with known cardiac disease or suspected to be at risk of cardiac disease frequently alters diagnosis and management.
Dithienopyrrole‐/Benzodithiophene‐Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers for Memristor (2014)

Abstract Two new donor (D)–acceptor (A) copolymers, poly({4,4′‐[4,4′‐(9 H ‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl)bis(4,1‐phenylene)]bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile}‐ alt ‐[dithieno [3,2‐ b :2′,3′‐ d ]pyrrole]) (P1) and poly({4,4′‐[4,4′‐(9 H ‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl)bis(4,1‐phenylene)]bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile}‐ alt ‐([1,2‐ b :4,5‐b′]dithiophene)) (P2), have been designed and synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction. The dipole moment of P1 (10.71 Debye) is larger than that of P2 (6.59 Debye). A strong dipole moment helps to sustain the conductive charge‐transfer state. To evaluate the nonvolatile memristive performance of P1 and P2, the corresponding memory device can be fabricated with the configuration of platinum (50 nm)/polymer (100 nm)/platinum (150 nm)/silicon. In contrast with the P2‐based device with almost negligible switching and memristive behavior, the P1‐based memristor exhibits a maximum I LRS / I HRS ratio of about 10 ( I LRS and I HRS are the current values in the low‐resistance state (LRS) and high‐resistance state (HRS), respectively) at ±2.0 V. Distinguishable from the bistable resistive switching, showing abrupt resistance or conductance jumps, the electrical transition observed in the memristor demonstrates a smoother tuning of the sample conductance during the voltage sweeping processes. In addition, changes in the surface morphology of P1 and P2 are also observed under an applied bias voltage of 100 mV.
Single switch reconfigurable bandpass filter with variable bandwidth using a dual-mode triangular patch resonator (2005)

A reconfigurable bandpass filter is demonstrated using a dual-mode microstrip triangular patch resonator. The proposed circuit uses a single switch to control its fractional bandwidth while keeping a fixed center frequency of 10 GHz. The switching mechanism is accomplished by a p-i-n diode that connects and isolates a tuning stub from the rest of the circuit. The on and off state of the diode effectively controls the resonance frequencies of the two poles, produced by the dual-mode behavior of the resonator. The filter achieves a measured 1.9:1 tunable passband ratio. The circuit presented here represents the first single switch bandwidth reconfigurable filter that requires no size compensation to maintain a fixed center frequency.
SMOPD-C: An autonomous vertical partitioning technique for distributed databases on cluster computers (2014)

Distributed databases on cluster computers are widely used in many applications. With the volume of data getting bigger and bigger and the velocity of data getting faster and faster, it is important to develop techniques that can improve query response time to meet applications' needs. Database vertical partitioning that splits a database table into smaller tables containing fewer attributes in order to reduce disk I/Os is one of those techniques. While many algorithms have been developed for database vertical partitioning, none of them is designed to partition the database stored in cluster computers dynamically, i.e., without human interference and without fixed query workloads. To fill this gap, this paper introduces a dynamic algorithm, SMOPD-C, that can autonomously partition a distributed database vertically on cluster computers, determine when a database re-partitioning is needed, and re-partition the database accordingly. The paper then presents comprehensive experiments that were conducted to study the performance of SMOPD-C using the TPC-H benchmark on a cluster computer. The experiment results show that SMOPD-C is capable of performing database re-partitioning dynamically with high accuracy to provide better query cost than the current partitioning configuration.
Activity Monitoring and Energy Expenditure in COPD Patients: A Validation Study (2007)

There is increasing interest in the objective measurement of physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients due to the close relationship between physical activity level, health, disability and mortality. We aimed to (a) determine the validity and reproducibility of an activity monitor that integrates accelerometry with multiple physiologic sensors in the determination of energy expenditure in COPD subjects and (b) to document the independent contribution of the additional physiologic sensors to accelerometry measures in improving true energy expenditure determination. Eight subjects (4 male, FEV(1) 56.4 +/- 14.1%, RV 145.0 +/- 75.7%) performed 2 separate 6-minute walk and 2 incremental shuttle walk exercise tests. Energy expenditure was calculated during each exercise test using the physiologic activity monitor and compared to a validated exhaled breath metabolic system. Test-retest reproducibility of physiologic activity monitor during the walking tests was comparable to an exhaled breath metabolic system. Physiologic sensor data significantly improved the explained variance in energy expenditure determination (r(2)=0.88) compared to accelerometry data alone (r(2)=0.68). This physiologic activity monitor provides a valid and reproducible estimate of energy expenditure during slow to moderate paced walking in a laboratory setting and represents an objective method to assess activity in COPD subjects.
Bacteriocins, Potent Antimicrobial Peptides and the Fight against Multi Drug Resistant Species: Resistance Is Futile? (2020)

Despite highly specialized international interventions and policies in place today, the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacterial species continue to occur globally, threatening the longevity of antibiotics in the medical sector. In particular, problematic nosocomial infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens present as a major burden to both patients and healthcare systems, with annual mortality rates incrementally rising. Bacteriocins, peptidic toxins produced by bacteria, offer promising potential as substitutes or conjugates to current therapeutic compounds. These non-toxic peptides exhibit significant potency against certain bacteria (including multidrug-resistant species), while producer strains remain insusceptible to the bactericidal peptides. The selectivity and safety profile of bacteriocins have been highlighted as superior advantages over traditional antibiotics; however, many aspects regarding their efficacy are still unknown. Although active at low concentrations, bacteriocins typically have low in vivo stability, being susceptible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. Another major drawback lies in the feasibility of large-scale production, with these key features collectively limiting their current clinical application. Though such limitations require extensive research, the concept of expanding bacteriocins from food preservation to human health opens many fascinating doors, including novel drug delivery systems and anticancer treatment applications.
Design and Control of a Compact High-Dynamic Camera-Orientation System (2010)

The concept of a small 2-DOF camera-orientation system is presented and verified through prototype testing. This system is able to orient a camera around its pan and tilt axis with dynamics exceeding those of the human eyes. At the same time, the system is lightweight enough to be mounted on a human's head. These characteristics are very important, considering the application as part of a gaze-driven head-mounted camera system and as artificial eye for humanoid robots. The direct and the inverse kinematic models of the system are derived. A dynamic simulation for the actuator selection is carried out as well. The developed prototype is based on a piezoactuator-driven parallel kinematics. Experiments with closed-loop position controllers demonstrate good tracking performance and image quality of the system.
Emerging drugs for psoriasis (2009)

The field is very dynamic, with both immunopharmacology of recombinant DNA techniques and more traditional small-molecule pharmacology actively delivering new agents. With the increasing number of new options, there is a need for research systems that enable to effectively collect long-term safety data on treated patients.
Nurses have embraced reform - and for what? (2003)

All public sector pay award schemes have been dependent, rightly, on reforms. Nurses have embraced change and reform and adapted to one government scheme after another. They have led the way in such enterprises as NHS Direct, nurse consultants and flexible working to help trusts meet targets such as reducing junior doctors' hours, reducing waiting lists and so on.
Telomerase gene therapy: a novel approach to combat aging (2012)

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the very ends of our chromosomes. Together with specific proteins, they form a cap like structure that prevents the cells from sensing the linear chromosome ends as ‘damaged’. Like a burning fuse, telomeres progressively shorten with every cell division and, depending on cell type, initiate either apoptosis or trigger a permanent proliferative arrest, termed cellular senescence, once a critical length is reached. It is thought that this cell division countdown timer developed as a tumour suppressing mechanism to prevent precancerous cells from proliferating indefinitely. While we currently do not know how efficient this tumour suppressing mechanism is in humans, numerous studies using mouse models have demonstrated that critically short and dysfunctional telomeres indeed present a powerful barrier to cancer growth (Artandi & DePinho, 2010).

Unfortunately, this tumour suppressing mechanism also comes at a cost. As we age, telomeres in most of our tissues progressively become shorter and therefore likely contribute to the failure of our organs and tissues observed in old age. Supporting this are data demonstrating that healthy lifespan is positively correlated with longer telomeres in humans, and patients suffering from age‐related diseases and premature aging syndromes display shorter telomeres compared to healthy individuals (Zhu et al, 2011). Furthermore, cells with damaged telomeres accumulate in some tissues of aging mice and nonhuman primates, supporting the model that telomere shortening and the resulting senescence response promotes aging in mammals (Fumagalli et al, 2012; Herbig et al, 2006; Hewitt et al, 2012). Indeed, preventing the accumulation of senescent cells in aging mice significantly improves healthspan, demonstrating that cellular senescence, regardless of its induction, is a cause of aging associated disorders (Baker et al, 2011).

Certain cells within our tissues have the ability to stabilize telomere lengths more efficiently than others. …
A study on an active square-law combining method for a polarization-diversity coherent optical receiver (1989)

A polarization-diversity coherent optical receiver which realizes ideal square-law combining with active gain control is described. This receiver can suppress the additional power penalty due to the demodulator dynamic range limitation by equivalently expanding the demodulator dynamic range. A low-power penalty less than 1 dB was attained with a 400-Mb/s FSK (frequency-shift keyed) single-filter detection system. Throughout a 25-h 183-km transmission experiment, the stable operation of this receiver was confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>