gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the composition and adulteration of fruit jams (1884)

M. A. Adams, Analyst, 1884, 9, 100 DOI: 10.1039/AN8840900100
Deoxygenation of vanadyl Schiff's base complexes: conversion of oxocation complexes into halogeno-derivatives (1975)

Deoxygenation of vanadyl Schiff's base complexes by SOCl2 gave the corresponding dichloro-derivatives of vanadium(IV).
Endoscopic Removal of Large Colorectal Polyps (2003)

Endoscopic polypectomy is a safe and effective method of treating large colorectal polyps.
Stem cells and liver repair (2009)

The liver has considerable inherent regenerative capacity through hepatocyte division and hepatic progenitor cell proliferation. In chronic disease regeneration eventually fails and liver transplantation is the only curative treatment. Current work aims to restore liver mass and functionality either through transplantation of stem cell derived hepatocyte-like cells or by stimulating endogenous liver repair. Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult somatic cells can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells with potential use in drug testing, bio-artificial livers and transplantation. These cells still have some limitations in functionality, understanding further human liver development and improving tissue culture is required. The use of stem cells and their progeny in animal models of liver disease has been encouraging and stimulated clinical trials to commence.
Chemokine expression during the development and resolution of a pulmonary leukocyte response to influenza A virus infection in mice (2004)

Influenza A virus replicates in the respiratory epithelium and induces an inflammatory infiltrate comprised of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. To understand the development of the cell-mediated immune response to influenza and how leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation is regulated, we examined the chemokine expression pattern in lung tissue from A/PR/8/34-infected C57BL/6 mice using an RNase protection assay. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, MIP-3alpha, regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), MIP-2, and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) mRNA expression was up-regulated between days 5 and 15 after infection, consistent with a role for these chemokines in leukocyte recruitment to the lung. Low levels of expression were detected for the CC chemokine receptors (CCR)2 and CCR5, whereas CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 was significantly up-regulated by day 10 after infection, coinciding with peak inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways. As RANTES, IP-10, and their receptors were up-regulated during influenza virus infection, we investigated leukocyte recruitment and viral clearance in mice deficient in RANTES or CXCR3, the receptor for IP-10. Leukocyte recruitment and viral replication in influenza-infected RANTES knockout(-/-) mice were similar to that in control mice, showing that RANTES is not essential for the immune response to influenza infection. Similarly, leukocyte recruitment and viral replication in CXCR3-/- mice were identical to control mice, except at day 8 postinfection, where fewer lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage of CXCR3-/- mice. These studies suggest that although the chemokines detected may play a role in regulating leukocyte trafficking to the lung during influenza infection, some may be functionally redundant.
Filamentation of Beam-Shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses (2010)

When ultra‐intense and ultra‐short optical pulses propagate in transparent dielectrics, the dynamic balance between multiple linear and nonlinear effects results in the generation of laser filaments. These peculiar objects have numerous interesting properties and can be potentially used in a variety of applications from remote sensing to the optical pulse compression down to few optical cycles to guiding lightning discharges away from sensitive sites. Materializing this practical potential is not straightforward owing to the complexity of the physical picture of filamentation. In this paper, we discuss recent experiments on using beam shaping as a means of control over the filament formation and dynamics. Two particular beam shapes that we have investigated so far are Bessel and Airy beams. The diffraction‐free propagation of femtosecond Bessel beams allows for the creation of extended plasma channels in air. These extended filaments can be used for the generation of energetic optical pulses with the duration in the few‐cycle range. In the case of filamentation of femtosecond Airy beams, the self‐bending property of these beams allows for the creation of curved filaments. This is a new regime of the intense laser‐pulse propagation in which the linear self‐bending property of the beam competes against the nonlinear self‐channeling. The bent filaments generated by ultra‐intense Airy beams emit forward‐propagating broadband radiation. Analysis of the spatial and spectral distribution of this emission provides for a valuable tool for analyzing the evolution of the ultra‐intense optical pulse along the optical path.
High Levels of Sugars and Fructan in Mature Seed of Sweet Wheat Lacking GBSSI and SSIIa Enzymes (2011)

Sweet wheat (SW), which lacks functional granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa), accumulates high levels of free sugars in immature seeds. Here, we examined the effects of the lack of these two enzymes on mature kernel composition. Whole grain flour of SW had higher levels of sugars, particularly maltose, slightly higher ash and protein content, approximately two to three times higher lipid levels, and about twice as much total dietary fiber as parental or wild-type lines. Considerably higher levels of low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMW-SDF), largely consisting of fructan, were also detected in SW. Although there were no differences in total amino acid levels, the free amino acid content of SW was approximately 4-fold higher than that of wild type, and the levels of certain free amino acids such as proline were particularly high. Thus, we were able to clearly demonstrate that the lack of GBSSI and SSIIa caused dramatic changes in mature seed composition in SW. These compositional changes suggest that SW flour may provide health benefits when used as a food ingredient.
Nomenclature and Graphic Representations for Chemically Modified Polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2014) (2016)

A new source-based nomenclature system is described which indicates that a particular polymer has been chemically modified. A connective within the name of a polymer, -mod-, is introduced for this purpose as in poly[(A)-mod-(B)]. The system is intended to be used in accordance with source-based naming of polymers but also provides for the use of structure-based names when it is unavoidable. It embraces: (1) modification of a constitutional unit into another, the unique structure of which is known; and (2) a more general modification of a constitutional unit resulting in any one of a number of possible structures. In addition, a new symbol, ∼>, is proposed for use in graphic representations of the structure of modified polymers.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Therapy: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Properties (2011)

Drug Development -A Case Study Based Insight into Modern Strategies 102
Adenovirus 37: Identification and characterization of a medically important new adenovirus type of subgroup D (1981)

A new human adenovirus has been isolated from 62 eyes with (kerato)conjunctivitis and from nine genitourinary sites. The virus is closely related in haemagglutination inhibition tests to adenovirus type 19 (Ad 19) and Ad 10. Antiserum adsorption experiments demonstrated the presence of three haemagglutinin antigens in the virus: One unique, another common to Ad 19, and a third common to Ad 10 and 19. In neutralization tests, the virus is distantly related to Ad 13, 30, 19, and 10. Despite this relationship, it is proposed to call the virus adenovirus 37, in agreement with current species definitions. It belongs to subgroup D of human adenoviruses. Antisera to the new virus show virtually no neutralization of other human adenovirus types. Only bay use of this antiserum it is in practice possible to avoid wrong or indefinite typing, which has often occurred in the past.
Assembly and attachment of bacteriophage T4 tail fibers (1974)

Abstract Bacteriophage T4 tail fibers are rodlike structures with a contour length of about 1400 Å, a diameter of about 45 Å, and a total mass of about 600,000 daltons. The assembly of the tail fibers and their subsequent attachment to the phage particle are under the control of 8 phage‐induced proteins. The gene control and molecular weight of each protein are known. The sequence of gene‐controlled steps has been determined by the characterization of intermediates that accumulate when various steps are blocked by mutation. The protein composition of the fibers and their precursors has been determined by purification and electrophoretic analysis. Four of the eight gene products are structural components of the tail fiber. These proteins are P34 (150,000 daltons, 2 copies), P37 (120,000 daltons, 2 copies), P35 (40,000 daltons, 1 copy), and P36 (24,000 daltons, 2 copies). The wac (whisker antigen control) gene product is a structural component of the phage whiskers. The remaining three gene products, P38, P57, and P63, are not structural components of the phage particle. Both P63 and the wac gene product promote the attachment of tail fibers to the phage particle. P63 has been shown to act catalytically. Both P38 and P57 are somehow involved in the folding of the major tail fiber structural proteins (P37 and P34). The normal requirement for P38 and P57 functions can be bypassed by secondary mutations.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Peptidic Ergot Alkaloids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Myocardial fat quantification in humans: Evaluation by two-point water-fat imaging and localized proton spectroscopy (2010)

Proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) has been used for in vivo quantification of intracellular triglycerides within the sarcolemma. The purpose of this study was to assess whether breath-hold dual-echo in- and out-of-phase MRI at 3.0 T can quantify the fat content of the myocardium. Biases, including T(1), T*(2), and noise, that confound the calculation of the fat fraction were carefully corrected. Thirty-four of 46 participants had both MRI and MRS data. The fat fractions from MRI showed a strong correlation with fat fractions from MRS (r = 0.78; P < 0.05). The mean myocardial fat fraction for all 34 subjects was 0.7 +/- 0.5% (range: 0.11-3%) assessed with MRS and 1.04 +/- 0.4% (range: 0.32-2.44%) assessed with in- and out-of-phase MRI (P < 0.05). Scanning times were less than 15 sec for Dixon imaging, plus an additional minute for the acquisition used for T*(2) calculation, and 15-20 min for MRS. The average postprocessing time for MRS was 3 min and 5 min for MRI including T*(2) measurement. We conclude that the dual echo method provides a rapid means to detect and quantifying myocardial fat content in vivo. Correction/adjustment for field inhomogeneity using three or more echoes seems crucial for the dual echo approach.
Production of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum (1948)

Abstract Petroleum fractions or similar hydrocarbonaceous materials are converted into liquid, highly (over 95%.) aromatic products and highly olefinic gases, when cracked in packed tubes at 630‐650°, at slightly super‐atmospheric pressure and a space velocity of 0·05‐0·5. Metallic packing, especially copper, is most efficient. The greater part of the sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen in the charging stock is converted into hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and water. The hydrocarbons are cracked to very small unsaturated molecules, from which the cyclic substances arc formed by re‐synthesis. The central position of butadiene in this sequence of reactions has been established. The influence of operational factors on the process, its thermochemistry and the composition of the product is discussed.
Characterization of Functional Domains of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Rev Suggests a Bipartite RNA-Binding Domain (2006)

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Rev is an essential regulatory protein that facilitates expression of viral mRNAs encoding structural proteins and genomic RNA and regulates alternative splicing of the bicistronic tat/rev mRNA. EIAV Rev is characterized by a high rate of genetic variation in vivo, and changes in Rev genotype and phenotype have been shown to coincide with changes in clinical disease. To better understand how genetic variation alters Rev phenotype, we undertook deletion and mutational analyses to map functional domains and to identify specific motifs that are essential for EIAV Rev activity. All functional domains are contained within the second exon of EIAV Rev. The overall organization of domains within Rev exon 2 includes a nuclear export signal, a large central region required for RNA binding, a nonessential region, and a C-terminal region required for both nuclear localization and RNA binding. Subcellular localization of green fluorescent protein-Rev mutants indicated that basic residues within the KRRRK motif in the C-terminal region of Rev are necessary for targeting of Rev to the nucleus. Two separate regions of Rev were necessary for RNA binding: a central region encompassing residues 57 to 130 and a C-terminal region spanning residues 144 to 165. Within these regions were two distinct, short arginine-rich motifs essential for RNA binding, including an RRDRW motif in the central region and the KRRRK motif near the C terminus. These findings suggest that EIAV Rev utilizes a bipartite RNA-binding domain.
Development of discharge pumped excimer lasers and short-wavelength laser research. (1988)

Several discharge-pumped excimer lasers which constitute a short-pulse excimer laser amplification system have been developed for XUV laser research. These are a compact oscillator generating ns pulses, three automatically-preionized laser devices with an output pulse energy of 1-1.6J and a high-power X-ray preionized laser device with an output energy of 50 J in 85 ns pulses. The coherent VUV/XUV generation systems have also been developed using excimer laser pumped dye lasers, which can produce coherent radiation in a wavelength region of 70-200 nm by two-photon resonant four wave mixing.
Thermal Expansion and Electrical Resistance of Sintered Bodies in the System ZrO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> (1965)

Hydroxides containing Zr and Ce were coprecipitated from Zr nitrate and Ce chloride solution by addition of NH4OH. CeO2 content in the samples was ranging from 0 to 21mol% CeO2. Calcination was carried out at 1, 000°C for 3 hours. Then the powder was pressed by isostatic pressure of 4, 000kg/cm2. Sintering was done at 1400°C for 1.5 hours in a SiC electric furnace and at 1, 670°C for 1.5 hours in a city gas furnace.12mol% CeO2 sample did not show expansion due to transformation of ZrO2. Tetragonal ZrO2 solid solution had 22.1kcal/mol of activation energy for electrical conduction, cubic ZrO2, however, had 30kcal/mol. In the case of 12mol% CeO2 mixture, electrical conductivities at 700°C, at 1, 000°C and at 1, 300°C were 1.57×104 ohm-cm, 1.34×103 ohm-cm and 3.24×102 ohm-cm respectively.Transformation temperatures from tetragonal phase to monoclinic were identical both by method of electrical resistance and by dilatometric method. Thermal expansion of 12mol% CeO2 showed 1.07% up to 1, 100°C. Lattice constants of solid solution were increased with increase of CeO2 content.Evaluation of the ZrO2-CeO2 mixtures sintered at 1, 400°C for 1.5 hours in the SiC furnace as oxide heating elements, was worse than mixtures in the system ZrO2-CaO or ZrO2-Y2O3, because of value of electrical resistance and activation energy of electrical conduction.
Agricultural Dusts - Preparation of Dusts of Uniform Particle Size by Fractional Sedimentation (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAgricultural Dusts - Preparation of Dusts of Uniform Particle Size by Fractional SedimentationH. P. Burchfield, D. K. Gullstrom, and G. L. McNewCite this: Anal. Chem. 1948, 20, 12, 1168–1173Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60024a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Caracterisation et production d'anticorps monoclonaux humains anti-plaquettaires (1994)

Les pathologies de l'hemostase nous enseignent la necessite de l'integrite fonctionnelle des recepteurs plaquettaires. L'absence ou l'alteration des complexes GPIIb-IIIa chez les patients atteints de thrombasthenie de Glanzmann antraine un defaut d'agregation. Cette constatation clinique a permis d'envisager le traitement des episodes thrombotiques par les anticorps monoclonaux humains diriges contre le complexe GPIIb-IIIa et inhibiteurs de la fonction d'agregation en bloquant l'interaction du complexe GPIIb-IIIa avec les proteines adhesives. Notre objectif a ete la production in vitro d'AcM humains specifiques du complexe IIb-IIIa, a partir de lymphocytes B de patients immunises contre ce complexe. Dans ce but, un screening des serums des patients atteints de purpura thrombopenique ou de thrombasthenie de Glanzmann a ete realise par la technique du MAIPA Monoclonal antibody-immobilization of platelet antigens. Nous nous sommes ensuite attaches a immortaliser les lymphocytes B secreteurs des patients immunises ; les techniques utilisees ont ete l'infection par ABV (virus d'Epstein Barr) et la stimulation in vitro des lymphocytes B, suivie d'une fusion avec un myelome. Cette derniere a permis l'obtention de certains clones secreteurs. Nous avons egalement realise une etude approfondie sur le cas d'une patiente (C. V. ) atteinte de purpura thrombopenique idiopathique. La presence dans son serum d'anticorps anti-idiotypiques de type public a ete mis en evidence. Enfin, au cours d'un de nos protocoles d'immortalisation des lymphocytes par EBV, nous avons obtenu un clone stable secretant un anticorps monoclonal humain anti-myosine plaquettaire. Cet anticorps se fixe egalement sur la myosine cardiaque. La caracterisation de l'affinite des fragments Fab sur la myosine de coeur humain nous permet de proposer l'utilisation de cet anticorps en immunoscintigraphie pour la detection de la necrose des myocytes dans le diagnostic des infarctus du myocarde et le suivi des transplantes cardiaques.
An Efficient Localized Radial Basis Function Meshless Method for Fluid Flow and Conjugate Heat Transfer (2006)

A localized radial basis function (RBF) meshless method is developed for coupled viscous fluid flow and convective heat transfer problems. The method is based on new localized radial-basis function (RBF) expansions using Hardy Multiquadrics for the sought-after unknowns. An efficient set of formulae are derived to compute the RBF interpolation in terms of vector products thus providing a substantial computational savings over traditional meshless methods. Moreover, the approach developed in this paper is applicable to explicit or implicit time marching schemes as well as steady-state iterative methods. We apply the method to viscous fluid flow and conjugate heat transfer (CHT) modeling. The incompressible Navier–Stokes are time marched using a Helmholtz potential decomposition for the velocity field. When CHT is considered, the same RBF expansion is used to solve the heat conduction problem in the solid regions enforcing temperature and heat flux continuity of the solid/fluid interfaces. The computation is accelerated by distributing the load over several processors via a domain decomposition along with an interface interpolation tailored to pass information through each of the domain interfaces to ensure conservation of field variables and derivatives. Numerical results are presented for several cases including channel flow, flow in a channel with a square step obstruction, and a jet flow into a square cavity. Results are compared with commercial computational fluid dynamics code predictions. The proposed localized meshless method approach is shown to produce accurate results while requiring a much-reduced effort in problem preparation in comparison to other traditional numerical methods.
Translating Feedforward Neural Nets to SOM-like Maps (2003)

A major disadvantage of feedforward neural networks is still the difficulty to gain insight into their internal functionality. This is much less the case for, e.g., nets that are trained unsupervised, such as Kohonen’s self-organizing feature maps (SOMs). These offer a direct view into the stored knowledge, as their internal knowledge is stored in the same format as the input data that was used for training or is used for evaluation. This paper discusses a mathematical transformation of a feed-forward network into a SOMlike structure such that its internal knowledge can be visually interpreted. This is particularly applicable to networks trained in the general classification problem domain.