gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Novel Biphenyl Sulfonamide Derivatives with Potent Histamine H<sub>3</sub> Receptor Inverse Agonist Activity (2009)

Antagonism of the histamine-H(3) receptor is one tactic being explored to increase wakefulness for the treatment of disorders such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) as well as other sleep or cognitive disorders. Phenethyl-R-2-methylpyrrolidine containing biphenylsulfonamide compounds were shown to be potent and selective antagonists of the H(3) receptor. Several of these compounds demonstrated in vivo activity in a rat model of (R)-alpha-methyl histamine (RAMH) induced dipsogenia, and one compound (4e) provided an increase in wakefulness in rats as measured by polysomnographic methods. However, more detailed analysis of the PK/PD relationship suggested the presence of a common active metabolite which may preclude this series of compounds from further development.
Solubilized Hypericin and Pseudohypericin from<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>Exert Antidepressant Activity in the Forced Swimming Test<sup>3</sup> (1998)

It has been shown recently that the fraction IIIc of a crude extract of Hypericum perforatum, (St. John's wort) that contained both hypericin (1) and pseudohypericin (2), was remarkably active in the rats forced swimming test (FST) after Porsolt. However, neither of the naphthodianthrones isolated from this fraction were sufficiently effective when administered suspended in water. The solubility of 1 and 2 is remarkably increased in the presence of a fraction containing procyanidins, especially procyanidin B2, which is present also in the active Hypericum fraction IIIc. The cooperative effect of procyanidins significantly increased the in vivo effects of 1 and 2, which exhibited inverted U-shaped dose response curves, in the FST. The anti-immobility effect of solubilized 1 and 2 was antagonized by the dopamine antagonist sulpiride. These data indicate that naphthodianthrones are antidepressant constituents of H. perforatum and suggest that the dopaminergic system is involved in their action.
Reactions of Cl<sup>+</sup>at room temperature (1980)

The reactions of Cl+ with NH3, H2S, O2, CH3Cl, NO, COS, C2H4, H2, CH4, and N2O have been studied at room temperature using a selected ion flow tube (SIFT). No evidence was found for the presence of long-lived excited states of Cl+. Ground-state rate constants are given for the above reactions together with product ion branching ratios where applicable.
Fingerprinting of large oligosaccharides linked to ceramide by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: highly heterogeneous polyglycosylceramides of human erythrocytes with receptor activity for Helicobacter pylori (1999)

Highly microheterogeneous polyglycosylceramides (PGCs) of human erythrocytes with an average composition of about 25 monosaccharides linked to ceramide were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori was earlier shown to bind this glycosphingolipid mixture by thin-layer chromatogram binding assay. The receptor activity was present along the whole nonresolved chromatographic interval. Mass spectra of intact PGCs were compared with corresponding spectra of oligosaccharides enzymatically released from the ceramides. Two subfractions of PGCs containing less than one and more than one sialic acid residue per molecule were used. MALDI-MS spectra were recorded in both linear and reflectron mode with the accuracies of </=0.08% and </=0.02%, respectively, which allowed determination of the constituent parts of the detected ions in form of ceramide and number of hexoses, N-acetylhexosamines, fucoses and sialic acids. Molecular species were found based on ceramide with mainly sphingosine and fatty acids 24:0 and 24:1 (with less amounts of 22:0), and with a total number of monosaccharides ranging from 11 (neutral, m/z = 2605 for [M+Na](+)) to 41 (one sialic acid, m/z = 8057 for [M-H](-)). The saccharide composition obtained supported a successively extended and branched N -acetyllactosamine core with substitutions of fucoses (0 up to 8) and sialic acid (0 to 1). The reliable molecular analysis of large oligosaccharides linked to ceramide using this approach will be of great help for the further structure analysis in order to define the epitope for the sialic acid-dependent binding by the bacterium.
Adaptive receiver structures for asynchronous CDMA systems (1994)

Adaptive linear and decision feedback receiver structures for coherent demodulation in asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are considered. It is assumed that the adaptive receiver has no knowledge of the signature waveforms and timing of other users. The receiver is trained by a known training sequence prior to data transmission and continuously adjusted by an adaptive algorithm during data transmission. The proposed linear receiver is as simple as a standard single-user detector receiver consisting of a matched filter with constant coefficients, but achieves essential advantages with respect to timing recovery, multiple access interference elimination, near/far effect, narrowband and frequency-selective fading interference suppression, and user privacy. An adaptive centralized decision feedback receiver has the same advantages of the linear receiver but, in addition, achieves a further improvement in multiple access interference cancellation at the expense of higher complexity. The proposed receiver structures are tested by simulation over a channel with multipath propagation, multiple access interference, narrowband interference, and additive white Gaussian noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Presence of a population of CD20+,CD38? B lymphocytes with defective proliferative responsiveness in the synovial compartment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

SF CD20+,CD38- B cells have functionally impaired proliferative responsiveness. The capacity of these cells to respond to activation by the production of Ig supports the notion that these cells might serve as Ig-producing effector cells and, as such, play a role in the pathophysiology of RA.
Design and analysis of a supersonic penetration/maneuvering fighter (1975)

The design of three candidate air combat fighters which would cruise effectively at freestream Mach numbers of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.5 while maintaining good transonic maneuvering capability, is considered. These fighters were designed to deliver aerodynamically controlled dogfight missiles at the design Mach numbers. Studies performed by Rockwell International in May 1974 and guidance from NASA determined the shape and size of these missiles. The principle objective of this study is the aerodynamic design of the vehicles; however, configurations are sized to have realistic structures, mass properties, and propulsion systems. The results of this study show that air combat fighters in the 15,000 to 23,000 pound class would cruise supersonically on dry power and still maintain good transonic maneuvering performance.
Optical nonlinearities in CdTe quantum-dot doped glass for optical switching (2005)

We have studied the nonlinear absorption and refractive index in CdTe quantum dots in glass. We find that the nonlinearities differ from those of bulk CdTe. An ultrafast polarization-rotation switch with on-off ratio of 42:1 is demonstrated. We showed that quantum confinement lowers the two-photon absorption coefficient and raises the nonlinear refraction index, both of which are good for all-optical switching devices.
Characterization of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Enzymatic Assays (2001)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of tightly regulated proteases that are involved in the catabolic aspect of remodeling and maintenance of normal tissue, and more than 20 human MMPs have been identified thus far. The MMPs collectively degrade a broad range of protein components of the extracellular matrix. While some substrate overlap exists, individual MMPs have been shown to process certain substrates more efficiently than others. These differences raise the critical issue of whether broad-spectrum inhibitors, active against all MMPs, or selective inhibitors, targeted to a subset of enzymes, represent the optimal therapeutic strategy for a given disease. This suggests the need to assess the inhibition potency of test compounds across a range of MMP family members. Described in this unit is a method for the in vitro characterization of MMP inhibitors. The is used to determine the potency of test compounds as inhibitors of 8 representative MMPs through the measurement of their inhibition of cleavage of a fluorogenic substrate. Since this substrate is efficiently hydrolyzed by all MMPs in the screening assays presented here, the method is convenient for assessing the selectivity of inhibitors against multiple enzymes. A describes the activation of MMP zymogens.
Medical Management of Orbital Subperiosteal Abscess in Children/Discussion (1989)

The traditional treatment of subperiosteal orbital abscess consists of surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy. We successfully treated with antibiotics alone nine children (age range 26 months to 12 years) with clinical signs and symptoms of orbital cellulitis and computerized tomographic (CT) evidence of subperiosteal abscess and contiguous ethmoid sinusitis. Two additional patients successfully treated with nonsurgical therapy were identified retrospectively. All patients were admitted to the pediatric service with normal vision. Their visual function was assessed twice daily during the early stages of their illness. All patients improved with intravenous antibiotic therapy. One additional patient required surgical drainage for persistent pain after 1 week of slow but steady clinical improvement. All other patients were clinically cured with medical therapy alone. Five of the medical "cures" had posttreatment CT, which documented the resolution. No patient had a recurrence. We conclude that orbital subperiosteal abscess, like some other abscesses located elsewhere, may be amenable to non-surgical treatment, or that these patients may have had a phlegmon rather than an abscess and the currently accepted CT criteria for diagnosis of a subperiosteal abscess may require modification. We recommend that children with a subperiosteal abscess from contiguous ethmoidal sinusitis who have no evidence of compromised optic nerve function be given a trial of intravenous antibiotic therapy prior to consideration of surgical drainage.
A model of an aligned nematic droplet for small angle light scattering study (1996)

An aligned nematic droplet in the axial configuration is modeled as a hollow spheric scatterer for studying its small angle light scattering characters. When the thickness of the shell is reduced by an external field, calculations by anomalous diffraction approximation suggest that scattering intensity would decrease and scattering peak would drift to a smaller angle. Measured angular scattering intensities show good agreement with calculations. As the shell part originates from anchoring of the nematic molecules to the surrounding medium, angular scattering intensity can be associated with correlation length.
Benzyl Bromide (2001)

[100-39-0] C7H7Br (MW 171.04) InChI = 1S/C7H7Br/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2 InChIKey = AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (benzylating agent for a variety of heteroatomic functional groups as well as carbon nucleophiles) Physical Data: mp −3 to −1 °C; bp 198–199 °C; d 1.438 g cm−3. Solubility: sol ethereal, chlorinated, and dipolar aprotic solvents. Form Supplied in: 98–99% pure liquid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent is a potent lachrymator and should be handled in a fume hood.
Parasitic infection may be associated with discordant responses to QuantiFERON and tuberculin skin test in apparently healthy children and adolescents in a tuberculosis endemic setting, Ethiopia (2013)

Parasitic gut infections are frequent in most regions where M. tuberculosis is endemic. This study, while preliminary, suggests that the tuberculin skin test should be interpreted with caution where this may be the case.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF DINUCLEAR NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM COMPLEXES CONTAINING AN UNUSUAL BRIDGING LIGAND DERIVED FROM ACETONITRIL (1975)

Abstract Nb‐ bzw. Ta‐tetrachlorid und Acetonitril reagieren in Gegenwart von Zn‐Granulat zu Trichloro‐tris‐[acetonitril]‐Metallverbindungen, die nach IR‐Daten als Dimere (I) vorliegen, bei denen vier Acetonitrilmoleküle und ein neuer von Acetonitril abgeleiteter Ligand über N an die Metalle koordiniert sind.
Bayes Factors for Linear and Log‐Linear Models with Vague Prior Information (1982)

Summary The Bayes factor, or integrated likelihood ratio, provides a possible Bayesian alternative to the standard F ‐test procedure for comparing two linear models. However, if vague prior information for the model parameters is represented by limiting improper prior forms, it is well known that the resulting Bayes factor involves an arbitrary, unspecified constant, and is thus not well defined. A method of assigning this constant is proposed and illustrated for a number of standard problems. The approach is then extended to the analysis of contingency tables using log‐linear models.
Influence of organic solvents on cutinase stability and accessibility to polyamide fibers (2005)

Abstract The stability of cutinase was measured in the presence of dimethylacetamide (DMA) and benzyl alcohol (BA). These solvents are known swelling agents of polyamide fibers. We found that cutinase retains some stability (half‐life of 14 h), enough for an enzymatic treatment with a solvent composition of 1.5% DMA + 10% BA. Enzymatic treatment in the presence of these solvent compositions yields more soluble amino groups as well as more amino end groups at the fiber level. We have shown evidence that the presence of minor quantities of solvent can increase the accessibility of the enzyme towards the polyamide fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2749‐2753, 2005
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy: Report of nine cases from India (2009)

There were eight boys and one girl child with classical features of severe muscle weakness, prominent proximal contractures, distal hyperlaxity and prominent calcanei. Immunohistochemistry for Collagen VI A1 done on seven cases showed total absence of labeling in six while sarcolemmal-specific deficiency was noted in one case confirming the diagnosis of UCMD. Interestingly, all our patients were noted to have near total absence of major palmar and plantar creases, and instead there were fine mesh-like lines in addition to the soft velvety skin on the palms and soles suggestive of altered collagen arrangements in the skin. Hitherto, this clinical finding has not been described in UCMD in the English literature.
Speaker-independent speech-driven facial animation using a hierarchical model (2003)

We present a system capable of producing video-realistic
videos of a speaker given audio only. The audio input
signal requires no phonetic labelling and is speaker independent.
The system requires only a small training set of
video to achieve convincing realistic facial synthesis. The
system leams the natural mouth and face dynamics of a
speaker to allow new facial poses, unseen in the training
video, to be synthesised. To achieve this we have developed
a novel approach which utilises a hierarchical and
non-linear PCA model which couples speech and appearance.
We show that the model is capable of synthesising
videos of a speaker using new audio segments from
both previously heard and unheard speakers. The model
is highly compact making it suitable for a wide range of
real-time applications in multimedia and telecommunications
using standard hardware.
Isostatic Hot Pressing of Sintered Lead Zirconate Titanate (2008)

Isostatic hot pressing as a means of postsintering processing ceramics is presented. The density of sintered lead zirconate titanate increases from 93 to 96% of theoretical when pressed at 6.9 Mpa and 1300°C for 15 min. Rapid initial kinetics and preferential shrinkage of macropores indicates that densification occurs by plastic deformation. Intragranular cracking, persistence of microporosity, and reduced kinetics suggest that strain hardening and/or internal pore pressure retard densification after the first 15 min of pressing.
APPENDIX VERMIFORMIS DUPLEX (1941)

The appendix is such a common surgical specimen that one hardly anticipates the possibility of its duplication. However, although it is a very rare anomaly, the so-called double appendix does occur, and it offers a number of interesting points for consideration. The first question which naturally arises is: What is an appendix, and what are the criteria by which one may identify the organ and separate it from other types of protrusions from the cecum? Cave, in an extensive summary of the knowledge of the comparative anatomy of this region, concluded, contrary to common belief, that a true vermiform appendix identical to that met with in man is found only in gibbons and anthropoid apes, although, peculiarly enough, monotremes and some marsupials possess a strikingly similar structure. Aside from its gross form and position, histologically the appendix is identified and distinguished from the cecum by the amount and arrangement of
A Downsized, Turbocharged Natural Gas SI Engine - Including Hybridization - For Minimized CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To demonstrate the potential of a CO<sub>2</sub>-minimized propulsion concept a study of a natural-gas, micro-hybrid powertrain was carried out. The basis was built by experimental investigations of a turbocharged 1.0-l, 3-cylinder engine operated at stoichiometric and lean air/fuel ratio with EGR and an optimized combustion strategy. With the results of this study a still existing model for micro-hybrid vehicles was filled and the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for several concepts were calculated. It could be shown that CO<sub>2</sub> improvements of 30 to 40% for the IC engine and up to 50% for the complete micro-hybrid propulsion system accompanied with better driveability are possible.</div>
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 15/2009 (2009)

Back Cover: By exposure to solvent vapor, inducement of chiral organization suggested by a more split and amplified circular-dichroic pattern is found in films of chiral poly(acetylene) derivatives that had no chiral organization element. Inversion of the handedness of chiral organization is also achieved. Further details can be found in the article by T. Fukushima and K. Tsuchihara* on page 1334.
Selective-Area Epitaxy of Pure Wurtzite InP Nanowires: High Quantum Efficiency and Room-Temperature Lasing (2014)

We report the growth of stacking-fault-free and taper-free wurtzite InP nanowires with diameters ranging from 80 to 600 nm using selective-area metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy and experimentally determine a quantum efficiency of ∼50%, which is on par with InP epilayers. We also demonstrate room-temperature, photonic mode lasing from these nanowires. Their excellent structural and optical quality opens up new possibilities for both fundamental quantum optics and optoelectronic devices.
Influence of Protein Standardization by Ultrafiltration on the Viscosity, Color, and Sensory Properties of Skim and 1% Milk (1997)

Permeate and retentate (concentration factor ca. 2x) from UF of skim milk were combined, and cream was added to produce skim milk (0.1% fat) and 1% milk with a range of true protein contents (1.0 to 4.8%) within each fat level. A panel that had been trained for descriptive sensory analysis evaluated the appearance, aroma, flavor, and textural attributes of milks. Relative viscosity and Hunter color values for whiteness (L value), greenness to redness (a value), and blueness to yellowness (b value) increased when either protein or fat was increased. The rate of change of L, a, and b values as protein content changed was greater for skim milk than for 1% milk and was greater as protein contents decreased. Sensory scores for several descriptors of appearance, texture, and flavor had a stronger positive correlation with objective measurements of whiteness than with objective measurements of viscosity. Thus, the judgment of panelists about milk texture and flavor in milks that differed in protein content was influenced more by appearance than by viscosity. As the protein content of skim and 1% milk was increased from 2.9 to 4.8% true protein, the sensory properties of the milks were made more like those of higher fat milk, particularly those of skim milk, mainly because of whiter appearance. Panelists perceived changes in the sensory characteristics of both skim and 1% fat milk when the true protein content was increased by 0.9%, the smallest increase that was studied in the experiment.
Nanomaterialien retten den Heiligen (2015)

Abstract Calciumhydroxidsole mit Partikelgrößen zwischen 50 und 250 nm sind eine leistungsstarke Alternative zu konventionellen Materialien, um Steinbauten zu restaurieren und zu konservieren.
Controlled Carbon Nitride Growth on Surfaces for Hydrogen Evolution Electrodes (2014)

Abstract Efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction are highly desired for future renewable energy systems. Described herein is the reduction of water to hydrogen using a metal‐free carbon nitride electrocatalyst which operates in neutral and alkaline environments. An efficient, easy, and general method for growing ordered carbon nitride on different electrodes was developed. The metal‐free catalyst demonstrates low overpotential values, which are comparable to those of non‐noble metals, with reasonable current densities. The facile deposition method enables the fabrication of many electronic and photoelectronic devices based on carbon nitride for renewable energy applications.
A Study of Aldehyde Derivatives of Metallic Sulfamates. (1949)

Sulfamic acid at one time had no particular value, and very little was known about the physical and chemical properties of this acid. At the present time , however, this acid is a commercial product of considerable importance and extensive investigation has been conducted to discover its many chemical properties. A very interesting group of compounds derived from sulfamates are the aldehyde addition products. The aldehyde derivatives of calcium sulfamate were studied and had a particular interest because of their greater stability, especially in the isolated, solid form. The aldehyde addition products of calcium studied included benzaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, for aldehyde, acetaldehyde, and cinnamic aldehyde. These compounds have been described in patent literature, using essentially the method described by Schroeter. The metallic sulfamates that have been investigated as electroplating agents include nickel, cobalt, cadmium, zinc and copper. These metals have been satisfactorily plated in smooth deposits from sulfamic acid solution. The present investigation was carried out to determine methods of preparing aldehyde derivatives of those metals that had been investigated for electroplating, so that chemical composition, physical properties, and electroplating properties of these compounds might be studied.