gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Third Man Arguments (1995)

Abstract The Third Man Argument is a regress argument that purports to show that if there is even one form of F, then there are infinitely many forms of F. That a regress can be identified is in itself an objection to the theory of forms because forms ought to be unique; and a regress would destroy the possibility of knowledge. Apart from the one in the Peri Idēon, there are at least three other versions of the Third Man Argument; two in Plato's Parmenides, and one recorded by Eudemus. In this chapter, Fine explores the logic of and interconnections between the four regress arguments; she argues that the four arguments share the same premises (i.e. self‐predication, the one over many assumption, and a non‐identity assumption), and draw the same inference from these premises, i.e. that if there is one form of F, then there are infinitely many forms of F. Furthermore, each argument conceives the forms as properties (in particular Aristotle's and Eudemus’ versions); hence Fine argues that, logically, they are the same argument.
Systematic Review of Two Decades (1995 to 2014) of Research on Synchronous Online Learning (2017)

Systematic reviews of literature are studies that strategically search for published research on a specific topic in order to synthesize what is known about the topic. This systematic review describes 157 articles on synchronous online learning (SOL) from thirty-four different countries on instructional setting, content areas, participant demographics, research designs, independent and dependent variables, SOL technologies, and data-collection tools.
Investigation of effect of near-fault motions on substandard bridge structures (2011)

这研究的目的是在非标准语言的桥列和墩上调查近差错的地面运动的效果。完成这些球门，增强的水泥建模的几大规模用近地、远地的地面运动记录在一张饮料表格上被构造并且测试。因为为测试模型的输入地震有不同特征，三项不同措施被用来评估输入地震的效果。这些措施是山峰饮料桌子加速，光谱在测试标本的基本时期的加速，和标本漂流比率。为每项措施，力量排水量关系，紧张，弯曲，飘移比率，和视觉损坏被评估。结果证明不管输入或反应的措施，近差错的记录通常导致了更大的紧张，弯曲，和飘移比率。而且，剩余排水量与为满足当前的地震代码要求的列的那些相比是小的。
Forme et contenu du de Patientia de Tertullien (1991)

Sanchez Martinez Asuncion. Forme et contenu du de Patientia de Tertullien. In: Vita Latina, N°122, 1991. pp. 32-38.
Evidence from antibody studies that the CAG repeat in the Huntington disease gene is expressed in the protein (1995)

The neurodegenerative disorder Huntington disease (HD) appears to be caused by an increase in the number of repeats of the trinucleotide CAG located near the 5' end of the gene. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and the gene predict that the HD protein has a molecular weight of 347,000 (3144 amino acids) and that the CAG repeats encode a segment of polyglutamine beginning 17 amino acids from the amino terminus. Because the CAG repeat plays such a critical role in the etiology of the disease, we sought to obtain evidence that the polyglutamine segment is indeed present in the protein. We used two peptides, hd1-peptide (FESLKSFQQ), predicted to lie at amino acid positions 11-19, just amino-terminal to the polyglutamine segment, and hd2-peptide (QQPRNKPLK), predicted to lie at amino acid positions 2531-2539, to induce polyclonal antibodies in NZW rabbits. Both antibodies recognize a protein on Western blots of about 350 kDa in cell lysates from human brain tissue and human and monkey cell lines, including cells from individuals heterozygous and homozygous for the disease. These results suggest that the HD protein in these cells contains the predicted amino terminal segment, and by inference, the segment of polyglutamine, and that the protein is expressed even when only mutant copies of the gene are present. Interestingly, the antibody to hd1-peptide does not recognize the HD protein on Western blots containing lysates from rodent cell lines, whereas the antibody to hd2-peptide does. This discrimination provides a useful means to assay for the presence of the human HD protein in a rodent cell background.
Ignition and maintenance of a cw plasma in atmospheric-pressure air with CO2 laser radiation (1973)

The focused output from a high-power cw CO2 laser is used to study the maintenance of a plasma in atmospheric-pressure air. The plasma is initiated externally by an electric spark and maintained by the absorbed laser beam energy. Ignition has also been observed when the laser was focused on a solid target. The maintenance threshold is examined as a function of beam diameter; for beams smaller than 1 mm the threshold power is ∼2 kW. When focused with lenses of 14-cm focal length and shorter, the plasma ball is stationary, situated slightly ahead of the focal point. For this focusing system, the transmission through the plasma was a function of incident power and increased with decreasing laser power. The value of the measured plasma absorption coefficient corresponds to an electron temperature of 14 000°K. When the laser beam was focused with 25-cm—focal-length mirrors or larger, the plasma was not stationary but propagated up the beam at a velocity of ∼10 m/sec toward the laser before extinguishing. The maintenance threshold of the plasma is discussed in terms of the loss channels from the plasma.
Structure-based conformational preferences of amino acids (1999)

Proteins can be very tolerant to amino acid substitution, even within their core. Understanding the factors responsible for this behavior is of critical importance for protein engineering and design. Mutations in proteins have been quantified in terms of the changes in stability they induce. For example, guest residues in specific secondary structures have been used as probes of conformational preferences of amino acids, yielding propensity scales. Predicting these amino acid propensities would be a good test of any new potential energy functions used to mimic protein stability. We have recently developed a protein design procedure that optimizes whole sequences for a given target conformation based on the knowledge of the template backbone and on a semiempirical potential energy function. This energy function is purely physical, including steric interactions based on a Lennard-Jones potential, electrostatics based on a Coulomb potential, and hydrophobicity in the form of an environment free energy based on accessible surface area and interatomic contact areas. Sequences designed by this procedure for 10 different proteins were analyzed to extract conformational preferences for amino acids. The resulting structure-based propensity scales show significant agreements with experimental propensity scale values, both for alpha-helices and beta-sheets. These results indicate that amino acid conformational preferences are a natural consequence of the potential energy we use. This confirms the accuracy of our potential and indicates that such preferences should not be added as a design criterion.
Tank Pressure from Combustion Chamber (1948)

T^HE simplest form of liquid-fuel jet engine for high-speed short-range missiles is the so-called one-shot system, in which the fuel and propellant are contained in tanks capable of standing the combustion-chamber pressure, and are forced into the combustion chamber by the pressure on an inert gas. Compactness and lightness are essential features of its design, and in certain uses quick starting and reliability are also essential. The employment of a separate inert gas from a high-pressure tank adds weight and complications to such a rocket, and lessens its reliability in uses requiring storage. The tank must contain an amount of gas which when expanded to combustion-chamber pressure will fill both propellant tanks. It must be strong enough to hold that pressure in a substantially smaller volume. Regulator valves are necessary to reduce the gas pressure to the pressure needed. The whole system is subject to leaks, and may not be in working order when needed. Another consideration in the design of such missiles is the speed with which they can be launched. At present this depends on the method employed for initially energizing the propulsion jet, and this in turn depends largely upon the kind of combustible agents employed. But whether the agents used are self-igniting when admitted to the combustion chamber, or are such as must be ignited by special means, there still is an appreciable time which must pass before the motor develops its full thrust. It is desirable to reduce this time lag as much as possible.
Optimal partitioning for task assignment of spatially distributed vehicles based on quadratic performance criteria (2013)

We consider the problem of characterizing an optimal Voronoi-like partition aimed at providing a baseline solution to a special class of target assignment problems involving teams of spatially distributed vehicles. It is assumed that the motion of each vehicle is described by a second order mechanical system with time-varying linear or affine dynamics. The Voronoi-like partition encodes information regarding the proximity relations between the vehicles and arbitrary target points in the plane, which are induced, in turn, by a non-symmetric (generalized) distance function that incorporates the vehicle dynamics. In particular, the generalized distance is taken to be the minimum square integral control associated with the transition of a vehicle to an arbitrary target point with (approximately) zero terminal velocity at a fixed final time. The space we wish to partition corresponds to the union of all the terminal positions that can be attained by each vehicle with approximately zero terminal velocity using finite control effort. Consequently, the partition is computed over a space with a lower dimension than the state space of each vehicle. We present an efficient computational scheme for the characterization of the Voronoi-like partition, which utilizes the one-to-one correspondence between the level sets of the cost-to-go and the Euclidean distance functions. Simulation results that illustrate the theoretical developments are presented.
145. Fucoidin. Part I. The isolation and purification of fucoidin from brown seaweeds (1950)

E. G. V. Percival and A. G. Ross, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 717 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500000717
RAPD-PCR Assessment of the Genetic Diversity within Alliaria petiolata (2001)

Innate immune perception is the first line of inducible defense against invading pathogens. Plants lack specialized circulating immune cells. Therefore, diverse cell types are able to recognize and respond to pathogens. Surface-localized and intracellular plant innate immune receptors are capable of recognizing diverse pathogen components. Intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors recognize pathogen effectors delivered inside host cells. Recent advances shed light onto NLR activation, phosphorylation of defense signaling nodes and overlap in transcriptional responses between pathogen perception and abiotic stress.
ClustalW-MPI: ClustalW analysis using distributed and parallel computing (2003)

ClustalW is a tool for aligning multiple protein or nucleotide sequences. The alignment is achieved via three steps: pairwise alignment, guide-tree generation and progressive alignment. ClustalW-MPI is a distributed and parallel implementation of ClustalW. All three steps have been parallelized to reduce the execution time. The software uses a message-passing library called MPI (Message Passing Interface) and runs on distributed workstation clusters as well as on traditional parallel computers.
Air-to-ground propagation at 900 MHz (1985)

Air-to-ground propagation at 900 MHz exhibits some fading characteristics similar to land-based mobile radio systems and others similar to terrestrial line-of-sight microwave systems. 900 MHz air-to-ground propagation, over long distances and at low vertical look angles, is governed primarily by obstacles blocking the path. At shorter distances the signal sometimes experiences multipath fading. The level varies slowly as the aircraft passes in and out of fresnel zones. When the aircraft is over a ground station, the signal experiences rapid fading similar to land mobile systems. At 900 MHz, with a limited fade margin, the radio horizon is approximately equal to the optical horizon. The horizon can be documented in a variety of ways simplifying the coverage prediction process. Several procedures are discussed with emphasis on a photographic technique which offers the greatest accuracy.
Heat transfer at rectangular corners (1957)

In this paper, a solution to the heat equation, Am = u, , appropriate to a small neighborhood of a rectangular corner is developed. It will be assumed throughout that the initial condition is that of zero temperature. The boundary values will be given by a continuous function of position. The equation is solved by means of "Green's function" and the solution expressed as an infinite series. This series is relatively simple to evaluate and the error involved is readily calculated. Moreover, the solution may be differentiated with respect to any one of the variables involved.
Altered kinetics of contraction of mouse atrial myocytes expressing ventricular myosin regulatory light chain (1999)

To investigate the role of myosin regulatory light chain isoforms as a determinant of the kinetics of cardiac contraction, unloaded shortening velocity was determined by the slack-test method in skinned wild-type murine atrial cells and transgenic cells expressing ventricular regulatory light chain (MLC2v). Transgenic mice were generated using a 4.5-kb fragment of the murine alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter to drive high levels of MLC2v expression in the atrium. Velocity of unloaded shortening was determined at 15 degrees C in maximally activating Ca2+ solution (pCa 4.5) containing (in mmol/l) 7 EGTA, 1 free Mg2+, 4 MgATP, 14.5 creatine phosphate, and 20 imidazole (ionic strength 180 mmol/l, pH 7.0). Compared with the wild type (n = 10), the unloaded shortening velocity of MLC2v-expressing transgenic murine atrial cells (n = 10) was significantly greater (3.88 +/- 1.19 vs. 2.51 +/- 1.08 muscle lengths/s, P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that myosin light chain 2 regulates cross-bridge cycling rate. The faster rate of cycling in the presence of MLC2v suggests that the MLC2v isoform may contribute to the greater power-generating capabilities of the ventricle compared with the atrium.
Concept-to-speech synthesis by phonological structure matching (2000)

This paper presents a new way of generating synthetic–speech waveforms from a linguistic description. The algorithm is presented as a proposed solution to the speech–generation problem in a concept–to–speech system. Off–line, a database of recorded speech is annotated so as to produce a phonological tree for each sentence in that database. Synthesis is performed by generating a phonological tree called the target tree, and searching the database of trees to find nodes that are the same in both trees. A search strategy using target and concatenation costs is then used to find the optimal sequence of units for the target sentence. This paper explains this algorithm, compares it with existing algorithms, and concludes with a discussion of future directions.
A Reputation Management Scheme Improving the Trustworthiness of P2P Networks (2008)

Because of the openness and anonymity of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, P2P participants can easily spread inauthentic resources such as viruses or worms throughout Internet. Besides, the deployment of such inauthentic resources in P2P networks has a chance of posing serious problems, thus, the trust on P2P participants needs to be carefully considered. A possible way to cope with this issue is to prevent inauthentic resources from being distributed in a way to refer peers' reputation which reflect their past behaviors. However, a peer intentionally plays along with other peers in order to increase/decrease its reputation through false feedback exchanges. Therefore, we propose a new reputation management scheme, called TrustRM (Trustworthy Reputation Management for resource sharing), which identifies peers who give false feedback as well as provide shared resources and peers with reliability by identifying malicious peers. A case study based on NS2-simulator experiments is conducted to illustrate the application and efficiency of the TrustRM scheme. It shows that our TrustRM scheme yields efficient performance in terms of minimal download ratio of inauthentic resources, even distribution of traffic loads among peers, and efficient response to peers' trust changes according to their false feedback exchanges.
A hierarchical circuit extractor based on new cell overlap analysis (2002)

An algorithm is presented for cell overlap analysis. With the hierarchical operations set introduced, any type of cell overlap can be mapped into each subcell. The cell abstract is automatically defined without any technology dependent descriptions and the hierarchical structure can be preserved. The algorithm is implemented in a hierarchical circuit extractor called HIPAS. This system can be used for a full chip with more than 200000 transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital Phase Locked Loop Induction Motor Speed Controller: Design and Experiments (2012)

Phase locked loop (PLL) is a technique which has contributed significantly toward the technology advancement in communication and motor servo control systems. Inventions in PLL schemes combining with novel integrated circuit have made PLL devices important system components. The development of better modular PLL integrated circuit is continuing. As a result, it is expected that it will contribute to improvement in performance and reliability for communication and servo control systems. In this paper, the study of the speed control of induction motor (IM) drives using digital phase locked loop (DPLL) is discussed. A novel scalar law which compensates the slip frequency loop calculation is proposed. The overall investigated system is tested using a 1Kw IM. Different speed trajectories are considered covering the realistic operating range. The PLL IM drives controller is implemented all around the most popular integrated circuits 4046 PLL. Experimental results are presented to show the performance of the investigated control system.
Current role of electroencephalography in cerebral ischemia. (1993)

The electroencephalogram has been largely supplanted by neuroimaging techniques for the diagnosis and localization of ischemic stroke. However, because of its close correlation with cerebral metabolism and its ability to detect brief transient alterations in cortical function, the electroencephalogram may still be useful for certain diagnostic applications in stroke. The relation of electroencephalographic phenomena to cerebral blood flow and metabolism is reviewed. Ten clinical questions that can be addressed by the electroencephalogram in patients with stroke are posed. The presence of seizures, confirmation of diagnosis, intraoperative monitoring, and level of consciousness are areas of proven usefulness. The electroencephalogram provides less worthwhile information about the time course, prognosis, and localization of strokes. Computerized techniques are of potential but unproven value. The electroencephalogram retains a worthwhile place in the evaluation of patients with cerebral ischemia when it is used to answer specific questions. All patients with strokes do not need electroencephalograms, but the test can provide uniquely useful data in some.
Finding facts vs. browsing knowledge in hypertext systems (1988)

The authors discuss the role of information retrieval, interface design, and cognitive science in hypertext research. They present a user-centered framework for information-seeking that has been used in evaluating two hypertext systems. They apply the framework to key design issues related to information retrieval in hypertext systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anti-Allergic Action of Glucocorticoids: Comparison with Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects (2003)

Glucocorticoid (GC) exhibits immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the nuclear factor functions on T cells and monocytes / macrophages. GC exerts its effects by binding cytosolic GC receptor (GR) and antagonizes the transcription factors including AP-1, NF-κB and STATs, in both transcriptional regulation and upstream cross-talk with signaling molecules, resulting in the inhibition of target gene expression such as cytokines and other proteins, followed by the suppression of T cell activation and the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition, in anti-allergic actions of GC, one of the most important targets is mast cell. GC specifically inhibits the release of chemical mediators from mast cells. It also suppresses survival and activation of mast cells, at least in partial, overlapping with the suppressive mechanisms of T cell activation and monocytes / macrophages functions, by inhibiting the production of growth factors and inflammatory mediators, and suppressing the transcriptional induction of Th2-type cytokines, such as IL-4, -5, -10, -13 and TNF-α, chemokines and adhesion molecules, resulting in the suppression of immediate- and late-phase of allergic inflammation and remodeling. In this issue, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of GC to regulate the transcription factors, molecules regulated by GC and its action on the immune system in contrast with other agents, and also discuss the specific molecular targets of a possible drug design for allergy learned from the variable immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions of GC. Keywords: Glucocorticoid, Immunosuppression, Inflammation, Allergy, Mast cell, Transcription factor, Signal transduction
High-speed modulation and switching with gain in a GaAlAs traveling-wave optical amplifier (1984)

We demonstrate optical amplification of 10-ps-long pulses in a traveling-wave type GaAs double heterostructure laser diode. A continuous train of mode-locked pulses from a dye laser focused end on into the GaAs active region is amplified by a factor of 10 under injection by a synchronous train of current pulses and attenuated by a factor of 10 in the absence of current injection. This gives a switch/modulator with modulation depths of 100, overall gain, and measured switching speed of many GHz. A cw beam can be modulated at similar gains and speeds and since the device is capable of integration the performance of many optical functions without loss is possible.
Acute pain management in children (2010)

The greatest advance in pediatric pain medicine is the recognition that untreated pain is a significant cause of morbidity and even mortality after surgical trauma. Accurate assessment of pain in different age groups and the effective treatment of postoperative pain is constantly being refined; with newer drugs being used alone or in combination with other drugs continues to be explored. Several advances in developmental neurobiology and pharmacology, knowledge of new analgesics and newer applications of old analgesics in the last two decades have helped the pediatric anesthesiologist in managing pain in children more efficiently. The latter include administering opioids via the skin and nasal mucosa and their addition into the neuraxial local anesthetics. Systemic opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and regional analgesics alone or combined with additives are currently used to provide effective postoperative analgesia. These modalities are best utilized when combined as a multimodal approach to treat acute pain in the perioperative setting. The development of receptor specific drugs that can produce pain relief without the untoward side effects of respiratory depression will hasten the recovery and discharge of children after surgery. This review focuses on the overview of acute pain management in children, with an emphasis on pharmacological and regional anesthesia in achieving this goal.