gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive evaluation of family history and breast cancer risk. The Utah Population Database. (1993)

In this study population, women with a family history of breast cancer, even if the nearest relative with breast cancer is a third-degree relative, are at increased risk of the disease.
A fast algorithm for critical path tracing in VLSI digital circuits (2006)

An exact, linear-time critical path tracing algorithm is presented. The performance of critical path tracing is determined primarily by the efficiency of stem analysis. The proposed strategy can determine stem criticality in one pass based on six rules. Experiments on ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 benchmark circuits show that the computation time is nearly linear in the number of nets.
Strategy on Safety Function Implementation: Case Study Involving Risk Assessment and Functional Safety Analysis for a Power Assist System (2010)

Power assist systems are expected to bring many benefits in various fields, and some of them have already been introduced in the welfare and manufacturing industries. As power assist systems demand manual contact with a human operator, it is important to prevent hazards that originate from system faults. The objectives of this paper are to introduce a strategy on safety function implementation by means of a case study for a power assist system and to propose an approach for safety function design. This paper describes details of the strategy for Skill-Assist — the power assist system adopted as the experimental platform. First, the safety integrity level (SIL) required for Skill-Assist was determined, following which top-down and bottom-up risk assessments were conducted. A safety-related system (SRS) with a fail-safe fault detection device and dual-channel voting architecture was then constructed based on the risk assessment result. A functional safety analysis was performed for the SRS and we found that the SRS satisfied the required SIL. An experiment on the functionality of the SRS was performed and we verified the safety function for Skill-Assist set by the proposed strategy.
Use of the Laplacian of Gaussian operator in prostate ultrasound image processing (2002)

In computer analysis of prostate ultrasound images, detection of the contour of the prostate is difficult because of the ultrasound images' low resolution and high level of noise. The authors present a method for extracting the contour of the prostate employing the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) or Marr-Hildreth operator, the Gaussian kernel of which acts as a low pass filter eliminating the high frequency noise. LoG operators of various sizes have been tried on the ultrasound images and the results are encouraging.
Thymidylate synthase-deficient Chinese hamster cells: a selection system for human chromosome 18 and experimental system for the study of thymidylate synthase regulation and fragile X expression. (1985)

Chinese hamster lung (CHL) V79 cells already deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase were exposed to uv light and selected for mutations causing deficiency of thymidylate synthase (TS) by their resistance to aminopterin in the presence of thymidine and limiting amounts of methyl tetrahydrofolate. Three of seven colonies chosen for initial study were shown to be thymidylate synthase deficient (TS-) by enzyme assay, thymidine auxotrophy, and their inability to incorporate labeled deoxyuridine into their DNA in vivo. Complementation analysis of human X TS- hamster hybrids revealed that TS activity segregated with human chromosome 18. Southern analysis of a panel of 14 human X hamster hybrids probed with complementary DNA from mouse TS confirmed the chromosome assignment of TS to human chromosome 18; quantitative Southern blotting using unbalanced human cell lines further localized the gene to 18q21.31----qter. Another hybrid was generated that contained a human X chromosome with the Xq28 folate-dependent fragile site as its only human chromosome in a hamster TS- background. The fragile site could be easily and reproducibly expressed in this hybrid without the use of antimetabolites simply by removing exogenous thymidine from the medium. These TS-deficient cells are useful for: somatic cell genetics as a unique selectable marker for human chromosome 18, studies on regulation of the TS gene, and analysis of the fragile (X) chromosome and other folate-dependent fragile sites.
Antibacterial properties and corrosion resistance of Cu and Ag/Cu porous materials (2007)

The porous materials of Cu and Ag/Cu were successfully prepared by the electrodeposition on a precursor of conventional polyamide foam. The microstructure of the porous materials was observed by scanning electron microscope. Their porosity and specific surface area were measured. The inhibition effect of Cu porous materials against E. coli was also investigated. The broad-spectrum of antibiosis of the Cu and Ag/Cu porous materials were characterized. The corrosion resistance of Cu, Ag/Cu coatings was also compared. The shape and size of pores are uniform in three directions for the porous materials. Their porosity may reach above 95% and specific surface area is beyond 12.8 m(2)/m(3). The antibacterial test results show that the Cu porous materials not only exhibited high antibacterial effect and good broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, but also excellent persistent antibacterial effects; the antibacterial effects, and broad-spectrum of antibiosis were greatly improved through the deposition of a thin Ag coating on the surface of Cu porous material.
New Themes in Earth History (1975)

The geological records of the 500–600 m.y. which make up the Phanerozoic eon are not only more detailed than those of earlier periods: they also cover a wider range of geological happenings, notably those connected with the history of the ocean basins, in addition to the continents, and with bodily movements of continental masses as well as relative movements within such masses.
Noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood oxygenation with spectrophotometric technique (1993)

The spectrophotometric technique used in pulse oximetry makes it possible to determine noninvasively and continuously the oxygen saturation of arterial blood. This technique utilizes a set of the living blood-supplied tissues as an object to be measured. From the metrological point of view, the sensing efficiency, spectrophotometric processing quality, and object modelling are of great importance in reliable solution of the specific interdisciplinary problems. In this paper the main results of the authors studies concerning the optical part of measuring system have been described against a background of the reviewed generally valid principles.
Early Effectiveness of Shoulder Arthroplasty for Patients Who Have Primary Glenohumeral Degenerative Joint Disease*† (1996)

Twenty-nine consecutive patients who met strict criteria for a diagnosis of primary glenohumeral degenerative joint disease completed standardized questionnaires regarding general health status as well as function of the shoulder before I performed a total glenohumeral arthroplasty. The patients completed the forms again at an average of ten months after the operation. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative responses to the questions regarding health status demonstrated highly significant improvement in the patients' assessments of over-all bodily pain (p < 0.0001) and physical function (p < 0.0005) as well as significant improvement in role function (p < 0.05) and the anticipated change in general health status (p < 0.05). Concurrently, comparison of the responses to the questions regarding function of the shoulder indicated highly significant improvement in the ability of the patients to sleep on the side, to tuck in the back of a shirt, to place the hand behind the head, to toss overhand (p < 0.0001 for all), and to place one pound (0.5 kilogram) (p < 0.005) or eight pounds (3.6 kilograms) (p < 0.0001) on a shelf at shoulder level. The comparison also revealed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the ability of the patients to place a coin on a shelf, to carry twenty pounds (9.1 kilograms) at the side, to wash the back of the contralateral shoulder, and to do their usual work.
Effect of fiber misorientation on the tensile strength of compression molded continuous fiber composites (1986)

Abstract Resin cross‐flow during compression molding of unidirectional sheet molding compound composites, such as CSMC and XMC, may cause severe misorientation of the continuous fibers in the outer layers. The extent of fiber misorientation depends on the type of molding compound, the length of cross‐flow, and the location of the charge in the mold. The tensile strength is reduced in the direction of cross‐flow with decreasing mold surface coverage. However, since severe fiber misorientation is generally restricted to the outer layers, increasing the number of plies improves the tensile strength to the level observed with little or no misorientation.
Frontiers in 19th-century northern Nigeria<sup>†</sup> (2015)

This essay offers the ethnographic rationale for the original use of the term ‘deep-rural’ that Chuck Jędrej later adopted for the community he studied in the Ingessana Hills. In Hausaland (northern Nigeria), I use ‘deep-rural’ to denote the distinctive ecological and sociopolitical context of areas that are very marginal to the core of a centralized Muslim state. Such areas are out of everyday reach of the central government yet not entirely beyond the frontier, and as such offered places of security and escape for radical Muslim as well as non-Muslim groups over the last two centuries. The subcultures that developed there were often innovative and diverse as well as tolerant of difference, in contrast to the conventional, dominant culture of the capital city and its hinterland towns and villages.
California Integrated Waste Management Board (2005)

The purpose of this letter is to provide notice of a new requirement affecting solid waste landfill final closure plans. Chapter 823, Statutes of 2003 (AB 1497, Montanez) effective January 1, 2004, added Section 43501.5 to the Public Resources Code (PRC). Generally, the statute requires that landfill operators submit a “Labor Transition Plan” (LTP) and a certification respecting the LTP to the Enforcement Agency (EA) when the operator submits its final landfill closure plan to the EA and the California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB).
Improving skim reading for document triage (2008)

When users seek for information, they repeatedly make relevance judgements on individual documents: the act of document triage. Recent research demonstrates that document triage decisions are prone to significant error rates. Document triage also affects the future course of information seeking: users form beliefs about the availability of information, determine new information goals and conclude others. Developing effective interactions to support document triage is therefore critical. This paper investigates how improve support for the quick review of a document, exploiting the principle of semantic zooming. We discover that applying semantic zooming improves the legibility of heading text during the rapid scrolling and overview reading that is associated with the earliest phases of document triage.
Antigen-induced inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. II. Studies in guinea pigs with the small rat myelin basic protein. (1973)

The smaller of the two rat myelin basic proteins (rat-S) was isolated by gel filtration and employed for antigen-induced inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in guinea pigs. Rat-S lacks a sequence of 40 amino acids which are present in the larger myelin basic protein including part of the major determinant which causes EAE in the guinea pig. The results show that non-encephalitogenic rat-S, given before sensitization with the large basic protein, significantly inhibits EAE in the guinea pig, although the protection provided by the large basic protein is somewhat more complete. These findings suggest that different sites on the basic protein molecule are responsible for the immunologic induction and inhibition, respectively, of EAE.
Alkylalkoxypolysiloxanes. VIII. Lower Members of Cyclic Methyl- and Ethyl-isopropoxypolysiloxanes (1960)

Abstract 1) Methyl- and ethyl-isopropoxydichlorosilane were hydrolyzed with considerable dropping rate using pyridine as an acid acceptor. 2) Methyl- and ethyl-isopropoxycyclotrisiloxane have been prepared and characterized. Those compounds were found to be stable. 3) Methyl- and ethyl-isopropoxycyclotetrasiloxane have been prepared and characterized.
Laboratory automatic storage and retrieval (1997)

Laboratory sample storage and retrieval is a time-consuming necessity/problem for many clinical and pharmaceutical laboratories, especially when samples must be stored at −20 or −70°C. In many cases, the volume of samples to be stored and the records to be kept become difficult and frequently impossible. The installation of an automatic storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) utilizing bar code technology to maintain the sample database is a practical solution for many laboratories. Upfront planning and clear definition of objectives and constraints is primary for the conceptual and final design of the system. One major pharmaceutical research facility utilized this approach to successfully install their AS/RS. The system consisted of five basic components: Environmental chamber to maintain a good robot work area. Freezer cabinets consisting of pull out drawers. Track-mounted robot. Input and output conveyors. Interface PC system for communication between the robot controller and the host–server database. Scientists normally input their requirements in the afternoon theday before the samples are required, allowing the AS/RS to build and store racks for delivery the next morning. The host–server database receives the request, and tasks are broken down into actions and fed to the robot controller for execution. As each action is completed, it is reported back to the interface PC, and status registers are continuously updated. The AS/RS is tireless, precise, and a work producer that can eliminate one of the problems for laboratories. Sample locations are known, samples are always available upon demand, and accurate record keeping provides laboratory storage quality assurance. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 9: 129–134, 1997.
The inflammatory actions of platelet activating factor are blocked by levorotatory terbutaline. (1990)

Platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent vasoactive lipid, may play an important role in the inflammatory process. In this study, we infused PAF intra-arterially to characterize its edematogenic potency in the canine forelimb. We have also assessed the ability of the beta 2-receptor agonist l-terbutaline to block PAF-mediated edema formation. The infusion of PAF at .25 micrograms/min, .5 micrograms/min and 1 micrograms/min increased forelimb arterial pressures and, at the two higher dosages, significantly decreased systemic arterial pressure. PAF infusions increased transvascular fluid and macromolecular flux as indicated by significant increases in skin lymph flow, protein concentration and protein transport. The intra-arterial infusion of l-terbutaline at 1 micrograms/min significantly decreased forelimb arterial pressures but did not affect small vein pressure, systemic pressure or forelimb lymph parameters. The subsequent infusion of PAF at .5 micrograms/min, during the continued infusion of l-terbutaline, failed to significantly affect forelimb lymph parameters. These data indicate that PAF is significantly more potent as an edematogenic agent in the forelimb than histamine or bradykinin. Furthermore, the blockade of PAF-mediated edema formation by l-terbutaline suggests that beta 2-receptor agonists may be capable of antagonizing the inflammatory actions of a wide variety of putative inflammatory mediators.
Quantum Jumps between Macroscopic Quantum States of a Superconducting Qubit Coupled to a Microscopic Two-Level System (2008)

We report the observation of quantum jumps between macroscopic quantum states in a superconducting phase qubit coupled to the two-level systems in the Josephson tunnel junction, and all key features of quantum jumps are confirmed in the experiments. Moreover, quantum jumps can be used to calibrate such two-level systems, which are believed to be one of the main decoherence sources in Josephson devices.
Rapid Remodeling of Axonal Arbors in the Visual Cortex (1993)

If vision in one eye is blurred or occluded during a critical period in postnatal development, neurons in the visual cortex lose their responses to stimulation through that eye within a few days. Anatomical changes in the nerve terminals that provide input to the visual cortex have previously been observed only after weeks of deprivation, suggesting that synapses become physiologically ineffective before the branches on which they sit are withdrawn. Reconstruction of single geniculocortical axonal arbors in the cat after either brief or prolonged monocular occlusion revealed striking axonal rearrangements in both instances. Rapid withdrawal of the branches of deprived-eye arbors suggests that axonal branches bearing synapses respond quickly to changing patterns of neuronal activity.
Defending DSSS-based broadcast communication against insider jammers via delayed seed-disclosure (2010)

Spread spectrum techniques such as Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping (FH) have been commonly used for anti-jamming wireless communication. However, traditional spread spectrum techniques require that sender and receivers share a common secret in order to agree upon, for example, a common hopping sequence (in FH) or a common spreading code sequence (in DSSS). Such a requirement prevents these techniques from being effective for anti-jamming broadcast communication, where a jammer may learn the key from a compromised receiver and then disrupt the wireless communication. In this paper, we develop a novel Delayed Seed-Disclosure DSSS (DSD-DSSS) scheme for efficient anti-jamming broadcast communication. DSD-DSSS achieves its anti-jamming capability through randomly generating the spreading code sequence for each message using a random seed and delaying the disclosure of the seed at the end of the message. We also develop an effective protection mechanism for seed disclosure using content-based code subset selection. DSD-DSSS is superior to all previous attempts for anti-jamming spread spectrum broadcast communication without shared keys. In particular, even if a jammer possesses real-time online analysis capability to launch reactive jamming attacks, DSD-DSSS can still defeat the jamming attacks with a very high probability. We evaluate DSD-DSSS through both theoretical analysis and a prototype implementation based on GNU Radio; our evaluation results demonstrate that DSD-DSSS is practical and have superior security properties.
Lu-AA21004, a multimodal serotonergic agent, for the potential treatment of depression and anxiety. (2010)

Lu-AA21004, an oral, multimodal serotonergic agent, is currently under development by H Lundbeck and Takeda Pharmaceutical, for the potential treatment of depression and anxiety. Lu-AA21004 belongs to a novel chemical class of antidepressant agents, the bisarylsulfanyl amines, and possesses a novel pharmacological profile, with activity at serotonergic receptors 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1A, and also at the 5-HT transporter. Acute administration of Lu-AA21004 in rats inhibited the firing activity of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus through 5-HT3 receptor blockade, with rapid recovery of firing activity upon cessation of treatment compared with an antidepressant of the SSRI class. Results from phase II clinical trials have reported improvement in depression and anxiety symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment. Lu-AA21004 was generally well tolerated, with adverse events related to sexual dysfunction occurring in a lower number of patients receiving Lu-AA21004 compared with venlafaxine. Phase III clinical trials with Lu-AA21004 in patients with major depressive disorder are underway and phase III trials in patients with generalized anxiety disorder have been completed. If initial outcomes from these clinical trials prove positive, Lu-AA21004 may pave the way for new multimodal therapies for the treatment of depression and anxiety.
Lifetime Optimization of a Multiple Sink Wireless Sensor Network through Energy Balancing (2015)

The wireless sensor network consists of small limited energy sensors which are connected to one or more sinks. The maximum energy consumption takes place in communicating the data from the nodes to the sink. Multiple sink WSN has an edge over the single sink WSN where very less energy is utilized in sending the data to the sink, as the number of hops is reduced. If the energy consumed by a node is balanced between the other nodes, the lifetime of the network is considerably increased. The network lifetime optimization is achieved by restructuring the network by modifying the neighbor nodes of a sink. Only those nodes are connected to a sink which makes the total energy of the sink less than the threshold. This energy balancing through network restructuring optimizes the network lifetime. This paper depicts this fact through simulations done in MATLAB.
Relationships between SLH motifs from different glycoside hydrolase families (2005)

Many glycoside hydrolases (GH) are very large proteins consisting of catalytic and non-catalytic domains. With regard to the non-catalytic domains, much research has been performed on the carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM), whereas substantially less attention has been paid to the surface layer homology (SLH) domain. The SLH sequences are involved in the attachment of proteins to the underlying cell wall. SLH domains are made of one to three repeats of 50 amino acids among which ten to fifteen residues are conserved. Three amylopullulanases from the α-amylase family GH-13 contain the SLH motifs; each in three copies. Within the CAZy classification, in addition to the α-amylase family GH-13, the typical SLH motifs are present in six other GH families: GH-5, GH-10, GH-16, GH-26, GH-28 and GH-73. Moreover, longer repeated domains which display some resemblance to SLH motifs have been identified in families GH-15 and GH-57. These so-called SLH motif-bearing domains contain two and a half typical SLH motifs. Based on the present sequence comparison data, a short sequence fingerprint, localized in the middle of the SLH motif, constitutes a novel third conserved region in glycoside hydrolase-associated SLH motifs. The evolutionary tree illustrates the relationships among the individual copies of the SLH motifs as well as between the typical SLH motifs and the longer SLH motif-bearing domains. It has been concluded that the evolutionary relationships of the SLH motifs reflect more taxonomy than the enzyme specificity of the catalytic domain to which they are linked.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (1986)

Abstract Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is an analytical technique for elemental determinations in the concentration range of major to trace based on the principles of atomic spectroscopy. This article provides a description of the basic atomic theory, and explains the analytical procedures and various interference effects of ICP, namely, spectral, vaporization-atomization, and ionization. It provides a detailed discussion on the principal components of an analytical ICP system, namely, the sample introduction system; ICP torch and argon gas supplies; radio-frequency generator and associated electronics; spectrometers, such as polychromators and monochromators; detection electronics and interface; and the system computer with appropriate hardware and software. The article also describes the uses of direct-current plasma, and provides examples of the applications of ICP-AES.