gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is the Glycolytic Flux in Lactococcus lactisPrimarily Controlled by the Redox Charge? (2002)

The involvement of nicotinamide adenine nucleotides (NAD<sup>+</sup>, NADH) in the regulation of glycolysis in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> was investigated by using<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>31</sup>P NMR to monitor <i>in vivo</i>the kinetics of the pools of NAD<sup>+</sup>, NADH, ATP, inorganic phosphate (P<sub>i</sub>), glycolytic intermediates, and end products derived from a pulse of glucose. Nicotinic acid specifically labeled on carbon 5 was synthesized and used in the growth medium as a precursor of pyridine nucleotides to allow for <i>in vivo</i> detection of<sup>13</sup>C-labeled NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH. The capacity of<i>L. lactis</i> MG1363 to regenerate NAD<sup>+</sup> was manipulated either by turning on NADH oxidase activity or by knocking out the gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). An LDH<sup>−</sup>deficient strain was constructed by double crossover. Upon supply of glucose, NAD<sup>+</sup> was constant and maximal (∼5 mm) in the parent strain (MG1363) but decreased abruptly in the LDH<sup>−</sup> strain both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. NADH in MG1363 was always below the detection limit as long as glucose was available. The rate of glucose consumption under anaerobic conditions was 7-fold lower in the LDH<sup>−</sup> strain and NADH reached high levels (2.5 mm), reflecting severe limitation in regenerating NAD<sup>+</sup>. However, under aerobic conditions the glycolytic flux was nearly as high as in MG1363 despite the accumulation of NADH up to 1.5 mm. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was able to support a high flux even in the presence of NADH concentrations much higher than those of the parent strain. We interpret the data as showing that the glycolytic flux in wild type <i>L. lactis</i> is not primarily controlled at the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by NADH. The ATP/ADP/P<sub>i</sub> content could play an important role.
Development of an automated microspotting system for rapid dielectrophoretic fabrication of bundled carbon nanotube sensors (2006)

An automated carbon nanotube (CNT) microspotting system was developed for rapid and batch assembly of bulk multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)-based microelectromechanical system sensors. By using the dielectrophoretic and microspotting technique, MWNT bundles were successfully and repeatedly manipulated between an array of microfabricated electrodes. Preliminary experimental results showed that more than 75% of CNT functional devices can be assembled successfully using our technique, which is considered to be a good yield for nanodevice manufacturing. Besides, the devices were demonstrated to potentially serve as novel thermal sensors for temperature and fluid-flow measurements. This feasible batch manufacturable method will dramatically reduce production costs and production time of nanosensing devices and potentially enable fully automated assembly of CNT-based devices. Note to Practitioners-This paper was motivated by the problem of manipulate carbon naotube (CNT) across gold microelectrodes effectively and precisely. The purposed system potentially applies to other nano-sized particles that are neutral and with high polarizability. Existing methods of CNT assembly include guided CNT growth, external forces, polar molecular patterning, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) manipulation, which is time-consuming and unrealistic when considering batch production of CNT-based sensors. This paper reported a novel method to build CNT-based sensors across the microelectrodes by using our automated microspotting system. This system is integrated with a dielectrophoretic and microspotting technique. We first explained the dielectrophorectic effect on CNT-this method is very effective to manipulate CNT. Then, the microspotting technique was developed to spot a micron-sized CNT dilution droplet on the desired positions of a microchip substrate. Finally, dielectropheretic manipulation can be used to position CNT bundles across the microelectrodes. In this paper, we experimentally showed the difficulties to spot a micron-sized droplet, and the problems can be overcome by sharpening the spotting probe chemically and using the special spotting method. We then show the yield of CNT-based sensors fabricated by using this system is very promising. We also reported that the CNT-based sensors have low power consumption, and CNT can be used as the sensing element of the thermal sensor. The experimental results indicated this approach is feasible to develop batch manufacturing of nano devices.
A Novel cDNA Sequence Encoding the Precursor of the <scp>d</scp>‐Amino Acid‐Containing Neuropeptide Fulicin and Multiple α‐Amidated Neuropeptides from <i>Achatina fulica</i> (1995)

Fulicin (Phe-D-Asn-Glu-Phe-Val-NH2) is an endogenous neuropeptide containing a D-amino acid from ganglia of the African giant snail Achatina fulica. We have cloned a novel cDNA (1,995 nucleotides) encoding a fulicin precursor from the snail cerebral and subesophageal ganglia. The fulicin precursor protein (357 amino acids) contains one copy of fulicin and at least nine other putative alpha-amidated neuropeptides composed of four to six amino acid residues. Seven of the nine neuropeptides were novel, and the other two had the same structures as Mytilus inhibitory peptide-related peptides previously isolated from the ganglia of Helix pomatia. All sequences of 10 peptides are flanked by Lys-Arg(Lys) at the N-terminus and by Gly-Lys-Arg(Lys) at the C-terminus. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that D-Asn present in fulicin is encoded by the usual L-Asn codon (AAT). Although fulicin has as yet only been isolated from the central ganglia. RNA blot analysis revealed that single transcripts of approximately 2.0 kb in size also exist in the ventricles and atria. These results suggest that fulicin and related peptides are produced in neurons and the heart by the processing of a ribosomally made precursor, although the mechanism of in-chain epimerization remains unclear.
Vexcel corporations' SAR processing ground station: An overview (2002)

Present an overview of a portable ground station technology for SAR processing. This system provides complete SAR processing capabilities for multiple satellites in four modules: ingest processing, SAR processing, interferometric processing and orthoSAR processing. Data is first ingested via the P-DIF/120 interface. The P-DIF/120 is a highly programmable digital interface designed with run-time programmable logic. The P-DIF/120 hardware is configured at run-time to provide a specialized decoder for the specific data to be captured. Currently ERS-1,2, JERS-1 and RADARSAT are supported, but the highly programmable aspects of the P-DIF/120 make the addition of new formats an easy chore. This module provides frame synchronization, PRN decoding and user programmable data extraction. The raw data ingested by the PDIF/120 is then passed to the SAR processing subsystem which generates single look complex data and multilook images. The interferometric subsystem can take suitable single look complex data pairs and produce interferometrically derived elevation models. The orthoSAR module is also provided to geocode and orthorectify SAR results. All the subsystems are controlled from a user-friendly graphical user interface.
Aerobic biodegradation of 3-aminobenzoate by Gram-negative bacteria involves intermediate formation of 5-aminosalicylate as ring-cleavage substrate (1994)

The aerobic metabolism of 3-aminobenzoate by bacteria was studied. Bacterial strains degrading 3-aminobenzoate were obtained by enrichment with 3-aminobenzoate (strain Ia3) or 5-aminosalicylate (strains BN9 and 5AS1). During growth with 3-aminobenzoate, strain Ia3 and strain 5AS1 transiently accumulated 5-aminosalicylate in the culture broth. In the presence of inhibitors of 5-aminosalicylate 1,2-dioxygenase, resting cells of all three strains converted 3-aminobenzoate to stoichiometric amounts of 5-aminosalicylate. 5-Aminosalicylate 1,2-dioxygenase activity was induced in all strains after growth with 3-aminobenzoate or 5-aminosalicylate, but not after growth in complex media.
Evanescent wave coupling in hybrid III&#x2013;V/SOI nanolaser (2011)

Heterogeneous integration of III-V semiconductor compounds on SOI is one of the key technologies for next generation on chip optical interconnects. The use of photonic crystals nanolasers, within this context, represents a disruptive solution in terms of footprint, activation energy and ultrafast response. In this work, we study the evanescent wave coupling occurring between the nanolasers and a subjacent Si wire and demonstrate that more than 90% of the light is funneled into the Si circuitry.
The expression level of the voltage-dependent anion channel controls life and death of the cell (2006)

Mitochondria not only generate cellular energy, but also act as the point for cellular decisions leading to apoptosis. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), as a major mitochondrial outer-membrane transporter, has an important role in energy production by controlling metabolite traffic and is also recognized as a key protein in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In this study, the role of VDAC1 in regulating cell survival and death was investigated by silencing endogenous human (h)VDAC1 expression by using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing vector. The shRNA effectively down-regulated the expression in human T-REx-293 cells of hVDAC1 but not murine (m)VDAC1. Cells in which hVDAC1 expression was decreased by approximately 90% proliferated extremely slowly. Normal growth was, however, restored upon expression of mVDAC1 in a tetracycline-regulated manner. Although low tetracycline concentrations promoted cell growth, high concentrations induced mVDAC1 overexpression, leading to cell death. Cells with low levels of VDAC1 showed 4-fold-lower ATP-synthesis capacity and contained low ATP and ADP levels, with a strong correlation between ATP levels and cell growth, suggesting limited metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. The possibility of suppressing endogenous hVDAC1 expression and introducing native and mutated mVDAC1 is used to further explore the involvement of VDAC1 in apoptosis. Cells suppressed for hVDAC1 but expressing either native mVDAC1 or an E72Q mutant underwent apoptosis induced by various stimuli that can be inhibited by ruthenium red in the native cells but not in the mutated cells, suggesting that VDAC1 regulates apoptosis independent of the apoptosis-inducing pathway.
Measurement of single-photon detection efficiency of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes in wavelength-division-multiplexed schemes (2014)

We report on experimentally measured detection efficiency of single-photon detectors (SPDs) based on wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Multiple SPDs combined in a WDM scheme can be used to overcome the detection speed limit of a single SPD. There is a tradeoff between the detection efficiency of parallel SPDs in the WDM scheme and the optical loss caused by the WDM devices.
Ge-Channel Thin-Film Transistor with Schottky Source/Drain Fabricated by Low-Temperature Processing (2007)

The fabrication of Ge-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs) with Schottky source/drain (S/D) contacts was investigated. First, the annealing characteristics of Ni/c-Ge stacked structures were examined. NiGe/n-Ge Schottky contacts (φBn=0.51 eV, n=1) with a low reverse leakage current [(2–5)×10-2 A/cm2] were obtained at 200–300 °C. Second, the electrical characteristics of Al/SiO2/c-Ge metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures were investigated, in which SiO2 films were formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 250 °C. The MOS structures were proven acceptable for device operation. On the basis of the obtained results, TFTs with NiGe Schottky S/D contacts were fabricated using poly-Ge/quartz substrates. The maximum processing temperature was 500 °C in the solid-phase crystallization of a-Ge films. The TFTs showed good p-channel operation characteristics with a mobility of ∼100 cm2 V-1 s-1 without showing kink effects. This is a great advantage for the realization of high-performance TFTs for system-in-displays.
Experimental Demonstration of Ordered and Disordered Multiresonant Metamaterials for Lamb Waves (2014)

We demonstrate the experimental realization of a multiresonant metamaterial for Lamb waves, i.e., elastic waves propagating in plates. The metamaterial effect comes from the resonances of long aluminum rods that are attached to an aluminum plate. Using time-dependent measurements, we experimentally prove that this metamaterial exhibits wide band gaps as well as sub- and suprawavelength modes for both a periodic and a random arrangement of the resonators. The dispersion curve inside the metamaterial is predicted through hybridizations between flexural and compressional resonances in the rods and slow and fast Lamb modes in the plate. We finally underline how the various degrees of freedom of such system paves the way to the design of metamaterials for the control of Lamb waves in unprecedented ways.
Spin Domains Generate Hierarchical Ground State Structure in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">J</mml:mi><mml:mspace/><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mspace/><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>Spin Glasses (2001)

Unbiased samples of ground states were generated for the short-range Ising spin glass with J(ij) = +/-1, in three dimensions. Clustering the ground states revealed their hierarchical structure, which is explained by correlated spin domains, serving as cores for macroscopic zero energy "excitations."
Die Rolle von Bone Morphogenetic Protein Typ I Rezeptoren in der Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 abhängigen chondro-/osteogenen Differenzierung der mesenchymalen Vorläuferzellinie C3H10T½ (2000)

Die rekombinante Expression von Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in der murinen mesenchymalen Vorläuferzellinie C3H10T½ führt zur Ausprägung distinkter chondrogener und osteogener Zellpopulationen. Zur Klärung der spezifischen Rolle der Bone Morphogenetic Protein Typ IA und Typ IB Rezeptoren (BMPR-IA/BMPR-IB) in der BMP-2 abhängigen chondro-/osteogenen Differenzierung wurden funktionelle und dominant-negative BMP Typ I Rezeptoren, denen die carboxyterminale Ser/Thr Kinasedomäne fehlt, in parentalen und BMP-2 exprimierenden C3H10T½-Zellen exprimiert. Nach histochemischen und genetischen Analysen von spezifischen chondrogenen und osteogenen Markergenen blockieren dominant-negative BMPR-IA die BMP-2 abhängige chondro-/osteogene Differenzierung, während die Expression funktioneller BMPR-IA zu einer Erhöhung des chondro-/osteogenen Potentials der mesenchymalen Vorläuferzellen C3H10T½ führt. Demgegenüber weisen dominant-negative BMPR-IB nur einen marginalen Einfluß auf die frühe BMP-2 abhängige chondro-/osteogene Entwicklung in vitro auf, wohingegen in vivo die BMP-2 abhängige Ossifikation unterbunden wird. Auch führt die Expression funktioneller BMPR-IB zu einer Erhöhung des BMP-2 abhängigen osteogenen Potentials. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen die prädominante Rolle des Bone Morphogenetic Protein Typ IA und nicht des Typ IB Rezeptors in der frühen BMP-2 abhängigen chondro-/osteogenen Entwicklung der mesenchymalen Vorläuferzellen C3H10T½ auf.
Rapid transferring device for immiscible liquids (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid transferring device for immiscible liquidsHarvey A. SchwertnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 13, 1944–1945Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50035a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50035a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electron spin relaxation measurements by optical pumping techniques (1973)

A new method for measuring the spin relaxation time of conduction electrons in semiconductors which requires no external magnetic field is presented. It relies on the photoproduction of spin-polarized electrons and a measurement of their radiative recombination time by optical pulse techniques. Results on GaAsP at 77°K are presented and applications are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Conversion of Aldehydes to Boronic Esters. Simultaneous IGOR2 Computer Generation and Experimental Observation of an Unusual Rearrangement of α‐Aminoboranes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential regulation of sympathetic neuron neuropeptide Y and catecholamine content and secretion (1995)

Cultured principal neurons of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which coexpress high levels of catecholamines and neuropeptide Y (NPY), were used as a model to simultaneously examine whether sympathetic neuronal peptide and transmitter content or secretion are differentially regulated. Accumulation of NPY immunoreactivity and the dopamine metabolites DOPAC and HVA in SCG neuronal conditioned culture medium was used as an index of NPY and catecholamine secretion, respectively. Release of NPY and catecholamines was linear with time; SCG neurons exhibited a basal NPY secretory rate of approximately 0.9-3 fmol NPY immunoreactivity/10(4) cells/hr, and basal DOPAC plus HVA accumulation was about 10-20 pmol total metabolites/10(4) cells/hr. While sympathetic neuronal NPY and total catecholamine cell content increased more than 6-10-fold by 14 d of culture, secretion remained constant. Depolarization stimulated the rate of NPY secretion 18-fold, whereas medium catecholamine metabolite levels increased 3-fold. Activation of intracellular signaling pathways was shown to be an important point of regulation of sympathetic neuron peptide and transmitter content and secretion. Differential regulation of SCG neuron NPY and catecholamine expression was second messenger system specific. Activation of the protein kinase A pathway with the cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP, or the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin, produced a concentration-dependent, sustained stimulation of NPY secretion; maximal stimulation resulted in decreased cellular NPY content. Parallel stimulated neuronal catecholamine release was observed, but in contrast to NPY, total cellular catecholamine content was also increased. Regulation of the protein kinase C pathway with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated SCG neuronal NPY secretion to a lesser degree than activation of protein kinase A, but did not alter cellular NPY levels. PMA minimally stimulated catecholamine release and content. NPY secretion induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 was paralleled by a concomitant decrease in cellular NPY. A23187 decreased catecholamine release, but did not change cellular total catecholamine levels. The magnitude of the secretory responses of sympathetic neurons to these regulators was far greater than changes in NPY or catecholamine content, biosynthesis or mRNA levels, suggesting that release is a primary site of regulation. The independent regulation of sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine content and release is consistent with the fundamental differences in the biosynthetic pathways, vesicular compartmentalization, uptake and metabolism of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters.
Digital X-ray Imaging Technique to Study the Horizontal Injection of Gas-Liquid Jets into Fluidized Beds (2003)

Gas-liquid jets injected into fluidized beds of particles/catalyst find applications in many industrial processes. The effective distribution and mixing of the feed droplets with the entrained bed particles is vital in improving the process efficiency. The present study utilizes a sophisticated digital X-ray imaging system to study the internal flow structure of jets injected into fluidized beds. The system is equipped with an X-ray image intensifier (XRII) and optical detectors, which convert the transmitted X-ray photons into digital images of up to 60 frames s-1. The imaging technique provides useful information such as the jet expansion angle and the penetration distance. These are functional quantities in optimizing the performance of feed nozzles, and in modeling the jet-fluidized bed interactions.In this work, the horizontal injection of gas, gas-liquid, and liquid jets into fluidized beds is investigated. The results indicate that the jet expansion (half-angle) is considerably reduced for a gas-liquid jet (5-7 degrees) when compared to that of a gas jet (10-15 degrees). The gas-liquid jet also appears to penetrate more than a gas jet with the same momentum. When a liquid feed is introduced into a fluidized bed of particles, the particles may agglomerate if they are wet-enough to form liquid bridges. Improper feed distribution may be a direct contributor to enhanced agglomeration. In this regard, radio-opaque tracers mixed with the feed liquid are injected to track the formation and the movement of agglomerates. The tracer experiments show that the agglomerates are generated at the end of the jet region, close to its maximum penetration distance. A brief discussion on the modifications required to achieve improved contrast for the acquired images, and the effect of some important X-ray parameters are also included in the present study.
Estimating Aircrew Fatigue: A Technique with Application to Airlift Operations (1982)

This report proposes a method of assessing aircrew fatigue based on work/rest profiles. Possible circadian desynchronization and cumulative fatigue an aircrew may have experienced are considered. The method was used to assess aircrew fatigue during computer-simulated airlift operations. It shows quantitatively how flying-hour limitations can affect average aircrew fatigue and system performance.