gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmittance of Optical Materials at High Temperatures in the 1-μ to 12-μ Range (1965)

Transmittance measurements of optical materials were made at 25°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C in the 1-μ to 12-μ range with a Perkin-Elmer Model 21 spectrophotometer. A continuous proportioning temperature control system, using a modified Loyola LC-2 4KVA Power Manipulator in conjunction with a Wheelco Capacitrol, provided a given temperature level in high-temperature cells. The following materials, which are dielectrics and semiconductors of potential use as windows and IRDOMES in optical systems at high temperatures, were selected: Corning glasses, Nos. 0160, 8363, and 7905; fused, water-free quartz, type 106, General Electric; Barr and Stroud calcium aluminate, 37A and 39A; sapphire, Linde Company; Irtran-1 and Irtran-2; silver chloride; sodium chloride; silicon; and germanium. A final transmittance trace, corrected for cell characteristics, of each optical material at a given temperature was obtained by drawing a smooth curve through the point-by-point adjustments of the specimen spectrum. The transmittance of dielectrics remains relatively unaffected up to 400°C. Optical materials of this class are restricted in use at the higher temperatures only in the shift of the long-wavelength transmittance limit. With the semiconductors silicon and germanium, the absorption edge is shifted to longer wavelengths, and the over-all transmittance is greatly reduced with increase of temperature.
Life cycle inventory analysis and identification of environmentally significant aspects in semiconductor manufacturing (2001)

Intrinsically, semiconductor fabrication processes contain expensive and environmentally sensitive processes. The high purity requirements of input materials coupled with the extreme cleanliness of the processing environment provide a great challenge in managing the potential environmental impacts of this industry. High energy and water consumption and the throughput of hazardous auxiliaries give rise to additional environmental concerns. This paper presents a methodology for a life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) employed for a Motorola wafer fab. The LCI focuses on the generation of a complete data set of mass and energy flows for a wafer fab and the identification of environmentally significant aspects in wafer processing. Process modules within the infrastructure and the fab processes are identified as environmentally significant according to the consumption of energy, raw water, chemicals, gases and the origin of waste, wastewater, and emissions. The use of infrastructure facilities by fab processes is taken into account. The practical methodology worked out by Fraunhofer IZM and Motorola is a guideline to combine ecological and economical aspects and can be applied to realize environmental improvements within a company. The LCI data set is a basis for an impact assessment to gain LCA data for one of the most important processes in semiconductor fabrication. Corresponding methodologies for impact assessments are discussed.
Non-siliceous Mesostructured and Mesoporous Materials (2001)

Siliceous ordered mesoporous materials are well-investigated and -covered by several excellent reviews. Less work has been directed to non-siliceous materials, although these could have more wide-ranging applications. This review will address the synthesis and properties of non-siliceous ordered mesoporous materials, covering oxidic, non-oxidic, metallic, and pure carbon frameworks. Organometallic frameworks, which are typically not synthesized in the presence of surfactants, are beyond the scope of this paper.
Low coherence reflectometry using wavelength-tunable superfluorescent fibre source (1993)

A wavelength-tunable superfluorescent fibre source with an erbium-doped fibre amplifier was constructed to reduce the jaggedness in low coherence reflectometry. This source was capable of tuning narrowband superfluorescence (~1 nm FWHM) over a 32 nm range with an output of 4.3 dBm. The signal averaging which resulted from wavelength tuning with this source efficiently reduced the jagged fluctuation in the Rayleigh backscattering profile to ± 1 dB. The advantage of signal averaging over conventional signal smoothing is also discussed
Development and preliminary evaluation of an earmold sound-to-tactile aid for the hearing-impaired. (1987)

A binaural earmold sound-to-tactile aid was constructed by inserting a vibrating element into a Lucite earmold. The earmold could be vibrated at either 80 Hz (when incoming acoustic signals were below 2000 Hz), at 300 Hz (when incoming acoustic signals were above 2000 Hz), or both (when incoming acoustic signals were broadband). Subjects were fitted with one of these bimodal vibrating earmolds in each ear. Normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects were tested in three tasks: sound localization, environmental sound identification, and syllable rhythm and stress. The device provided some benefit to performance, although the amounts of improvement varied across tasks and subjects. Possible modifications in device design, and potential combinations of auditory and tactile input via earmold systems, are discussed.
SOME NEW RECORDS FOR NEW ENGLAND AND NEW ENGLAND STATES. II (1990)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Intercellular Ca$^{2+}$ waves in mechanically stimulated articular chondrocytes (2000)

Articular cartilage is a tissue designed to withstand compression during joint movement and, in vivo, is subjected to a wide range of mechanical loading forces. Mechanosensitivity has been demonstrated to influence chondrocyte metabolism and cartilage homeostasis, but the mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction in these cells are poorly understood. In many cell types mechanical stimulation induces increases of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration that propagates from cell to cell as an intercellular Ca2+ wave. Cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions underlies tissue co-ordination of metabolism and sensitivity to extracellular stimuli: gap junctional permeability to intracellular second messengers allows signal transduction pathways to be shared among several cells, ultimately resulting in co-ordinated tissue responses. Mechanically-induced Ca2+ signalling was investigated with digital fluorescence video imaging in primary cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes. Mechanical stimulation of a single cell, obtained by briefly distorting the plasmamembrane with a micropipette, induced a wave of increased Ca2+ that was communicated to surrounding cells. Intercellular Ca2+ spreading was inhibited by 18 alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, suggesting the involvement of gap junctions in signal propagation. The functional expression of gap junctions was assessed, in confluent chondrocyte cultures, by the intercellular transfer of Lucifer yellow dye in microinjection experiments while the expression of connexin 43 could be detected in Western blots. A series of pharmacological tools known to interfere with the cell calcium handling capacity were employed to investigate the mechanism of mechanically-induced Ca2+ signalling. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+ mechanical stimulation induced communicated Ca2+ waves similar to controls. Mechanical stress induced Ca2+ influx both in the stimulated chondrocyte but not in the adjacent cells, as assessed by the Mn2+ quenching technique. Cells treatment with thapsigargin and with the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 blocked mechanically-induced signal propagation. These results provide evidence that in chondrocytes mechanical stimulation activates phospholipase C, thus leading to an increase of intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The second messenger, by permeating gap junctions, stimulates intracellular Ca2+ release in neighbouring cells. Intercellular Ca2+ waves may provide a mechanism to co-ordinate tissue responses in cartilage physiology.
Knowledge, Attitude, Problems Faced and Remedial Measures Adopted by Menopausal Women (2012)

A study to assess the knowledge, attitude, problems faced and remedial measures adopted by menopausal women, to determine the relationship between the knowledge, attitude, problems faced and remedial measures adopted by menopausal women. A total of 100 menopausal women were selected purposively to collect the data using structured interview schedule for knowledge, attitude scale for attitude and checklist for the problems faced and remedial measures adopted. It was found that 65 menopausal women had average knowledge, 72 had moderately favorable attitude, majority of them were facing different problems and adopted various remedial measures to get relieve of the menopausal problems. Although the menopausal women had average knowledge about menopause, every woman was not using the remedial measures; knowledge had influence on the attitude of menopausal women and their perception of menopausal problems. Some menopausal women sought medical treatment for these problems others used some home remedies. Based on the fi ndings, an informational booklet was developed because there is a need to educate the women about different aspects of menopause and its management at different stages, so that they can adapt to the transitional phase in their life in the best manner.
Effects of Outboard Thickened and Blunted Leading Edges on the Wave Drag of a 45 Degree Swept-Wing and Body Combination (1959)

An investigation to evaluate the effects of thickened and blunted leading-edge modifications on the wave drag of a swept wing has been made at Mach numbers from 0.65 to 2.20 and at a Reynolds number of 2,580,000 based on the mean aerodynamic chord of the basic wing. Two leading-edge designs were investigated and they are referred to as the thickened and the blunted modifications although both sections had equally large leading-edge radii. The thickened leading edge was formed by increasing the thickness over the forward 40 percent of the basic wing section. The blunted modification was formed by reducing the wing chords about 1 percent and by increasing the section thickness slightly over the forward 6 percent of the basic section in a manner to keep the wing sweep and volume essentially equal to the respective values for the basic wing. The basic wing had an aspect ratio of 3, a leading-edge sweep of 45 deg., a taper ratio of 0.4, and NACA 64AO06 sections perpendicular to a line swept back 39.45 deg., the quarter-chord line of these sections. Test results indicated that the thickened modification resulted in an increase in zero-lift drag coefficient of from 0.0040 to 0.0060 over values for the basic model at Mach numbers at which the wing leading edge was sonic or supersonic. Although drag coefficients of both the basic and thickened models were reduced at all test Mach numbers by body indentations designed for the range of Mach numbers from 1.00 to 2.00, the greater drag of the thickened model relative to that of the basic model was not reduced. The blunted model, however, had less than one quarter of the drag penalty of the thickened model relative to the basic model at supersonic leading-edge conditions (M greater or equal to root-2).
Volume infusion produces abdominal distension, lung compression, and chest wall stiffening in pigs (1992)

The effect of severe generalized edema on respiratory system mechanics is not well described. We measured airway pressure, gastric pressure, and four vertical pleural pressures in 13 anesthetized paralyzed pigs ventilated in the upright position. Pressure-volume relationships of the respiratory system, chest wall, and lung were measured on deflation from total lung capacity to residual volume and during tidal breathing both before (control) and 50 min after one of two interventions. In one series of experiments, a volume equal to 15-20% of the pig's body weight was infused intravenously. In a second series, a balloon was placed in the peritoneal space to distend the abdomen to the same gastric pressures as achieved in the first series. Measurements were compared before and after either abdominal balloon inflation or volume infusion. Volume infusion increased the pleural pressure in dependent lung regions, decreased both total lung capacity (34%) and functional residual capacity (62%) (both P less than 0.05), and markedly shifted the respiratory system and chest wall pressure-volume curves to the right, but it only moderately affected the lung deflation curve. Tidal compliances of the respiratory system, chest wall, and lung decreased 36, 31, and 49%, respectively (all P less than 0.05). The effect of abdominal balloon inflation on respiratory system mechanics was similar to that of volume infusion. We conclude that infusing large volumes of fluid markedly alters chest wall mechanics, mainly by causing abdominal distension that prohibits descent of the diaphragm.
An optimal hardware-algorithm for sorting using a fixed-size parallel sorting device (2000)

We present a hardware-algorithm for sorting N elements using either a p-sorter or a sorting network of fixed I/O size p while strictly enforcing conflict-free memory accesses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realistic design that achieves optimal time performance, running in /spl Theta/(NlogN/plogp) time for all ranges of N. Our result completely resolves the problem of designing an implementable, time-optimal algorithm for sorting N elements using a p-sorter. More importantly, however, our result shows that, in order to achieve optimal time performance, all that is needed is a sorting network of depth O(log/sup 2/p) such as, for example, Batcher's classic bitonic sorting network.
[Biopharmaceutical studies on phospholipid liposomes as carriers for the oral administration of insulin]. (1983)

Insulin-loaded phospholipid liposomes containing 125I-insulin as an indicator were orally administered to mice. The activity distribution in the organism was followed as a function of the time elapsed after application. Biphasic evacuation of the stomach was followed by rapid absorption from the intestine, and the distribution in the blood and body periphery. Precipitation by trichloroacetic acid showed that 20-25% of the indicator were intact or macromolecularly bounded. Actual degradation processes manifest themselves in a rapid increase of the activity in the thyroid gland and the excreta. Furthermore, the effect of an increase in deoxycholate concentration on the inclusion was studied in vitro; it was found that insulin is largely released above a critical concentration coefficient.
A Rad52 homolog is required for RAD51-independent mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

With the use of an intrachromosomal inverted-repeat as a recombination reporter we have previously shown that mitotic recombination is dependent on the RAD52 gene. However, recombination was found to be reduced only 4-fold by mutation of RAD51, which encodes a homolog of bacterial RecA proteins. A rad51, which strain containing the recombination reporter was mutagenized to identify components of the RAD51-independent pathway. One mutation identified, rad59, reduced recombination 1200-fold in the presence of a rad51 mutation, but only 4- to 5-fold in a wild-type background. Thus the rad51 and rad59 mutations reduce recombination synergistically. The rad59 mutation reduced both spontaneous and double-strand-break-induced recombination between inverted repeats. However, the rate of interchromosomal recombination was increased in a rad59 homozygous diploid. These observations suggest that RAD59 functions specifically in intrachromosomal recombination. The rad59 mutant strain was sensitive to ionizing radiation, and this phenotype was used to clone the RAD59 gene by complementation. The gene encodes a protein of 238 amino acids with significant homology to members of the Rad52 family. Overexpression of RAD52 was found to suppress the DNA repair and recombination defects conferred by the rad59 mutation, suggesting that these proteins have overlapping roles or function as a complex.
The Hacker’s Guide to Javac (2008)

This document is an introduction to hacking the Java compiler. An introduction to the Java compiler is given. Two examples are exercised, a simple hello world and a AST rewriting plugin.
Fast and memory-efficient up-sampling methods for H.264/AVC SVC with extended spatial scalability (2010)

The inter-layer prediction (ILP) including intra, residual, and motion up-sampling operation in SVC significantly increased the compression ratio compared with simulcast. The up-sampling algorithms of ILP, however, require much more memory and computational load than single-layer coding because they require several large buffers for storing up-sampled data, four-tap FIR filter, and many conditional branches, et al. This paper presents macroblock (MB)-based up-sampling methods using just-in-time strategy, where intra and residual up-sampling operations for extended spatial scalability (ESS) are selectively performed by using MB information of enhancement layer. Especially, residual up-sampling operations are largely simplified by determining transform block identification for only luma plane and by calculating and referencing the identification per 4×4 block instead of pixel. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms speed-up the total decoding time of 3-layer (SIF/SD/Full-HD) sequences by about 64% on average and reduce the memory consumption required for up-sampling operations by about 99%, compared with the existing picture-based up-sampling algorithm for ESS.
Bandwidth-efficient digital transmission up to 155 Mb/s over unshielded twisted pair wiring (2002)

Techniques for achieving data rates up to 155 Mb/s over unshielded twisted pair wiring in premises distribution systems are described. These high data rates represent an improvement of about an order of magnitude in speed when compared to presently available data rates for local area networks operating over this communication medium. The transmission scheme proposed for achieving these higher data rates is carrierless AM/PM (CAP), which is a bandwidth-efficient two-dimensional passband line code. It is shown that a 32-CAP line code can be used to provide the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) rate of 125 Mb/s over 100 m of voicegrade unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring in a channel bandwidth of 30 MHz, which results in a robust performance and eliminates potential problems with electromagnetic radiation limits above 30 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aminozucker‐Synthesen VIII. N‐Substituierte <scp>D</scp>‐ und <scp>L</scp>‐Glucosamine (1957)

Abstract Ausgehend von D ‐ bzw. L ‐Arabinose werden D ‐ bzw. L ‐Glucosamine aufgebaut, die am N‐Atom Methyl, Isopropyl, Phenyl und Carboxymethyl tragen. Das N ‐Methyl‐ L ‐glucosamin (Spaltstück des Streptomycins) läßt sich in hoher Ausbeute synthetisch gewinnen. N ‐Isopropyl‐ L ‐glucosaminsäurenitril wird durch Wasser schon in der Kälte zur entsprechenden Carbonsäure verseift. Das N ‐Benzyl‐glucosaminsäurenitril läβt sich durch Kochen mit Methanol oder Äthanol teilweise in N ‐Benzyl‐mannosaminsäurenitril umlagern. Die katalytische Hydrierung der L ‐Verbindung führt zu dem noch unbekannten L ‐Mannosamin.
A Description of the Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model Appraisal Method Version 1.1. (1996)

Abstract : The purpose of this document is to summarize the major elements of the Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SE-CMM) appraisal method (SAM). SAM is a method for using the SE-CMM to benchmark, or otherwise appraise, the process capability of an organization's or enterprises systems engineering function. The SE-CMM itself is described in SECMM-94-O4ICMU/SEI-96-HB-004 (SECMM). This document describes each step of an SE-CMM appraisal and provides guidance for the preparation and conduct of an appraisal. It also contains background and context information about the appraisal method.
<i>The Flexural Bar Transducer</i> (1990)

First Page
A mobile work station concept for mechanically aided astronaut assembly of large space trusses (1983)

This report presents results of a series of truss assembly tests conducted to evaluate a mobile work station concept intended to mechanically assist astronaut manual assembly of erectable space trusses. The tests involved assembly of a tetrahedral truss beam by a pair of test subjects with and without pressure (space) suits, both in Earth gravity and in simulated zero gravity (neutral buoyancy in water). The beam was assembled from 38 identical graphite-epoxy nestable struts, 5.4 m in length with aluminum quick-attachment structural joints. Struts and joints were designed to closely simulate flight hardware. The assembled beam was approximately 16.5 m long and 4.5 m on each of the four sides of its diamond-shaped cross section. The results show that average in-space assembly rates of approximately 38 seconds per strut can be expected for struts of comparable size. This result is virtually independent of the overall size of the structure being assembled. The mobile work station concept would improve astronaut efficiency for on-orbit manual assembly of truss structures, and also this assembly-line method is highly competitive with other construction methods being considered for large space structures.
The INMARSAT Standard-C communications system (2003)

A brief outline is presented of INMARSAT's Standard-C mobile satellite communication system planned for global introduction in 1989. Standard-C is an advanced packet data communications system based on the use of low-cost, compact mobile earth stations. A description of the system architecture, services and mobile earth station features is provided. The various channel types and their functions and characteristics are described. The basic call setup procedures and a brief description of the enhanced group call data broadcast service are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of triple hot wires to measure unsteady flows with large direction changes (1985)

Geometrical limitations of the probes and inadequate description through the response equations limit existing triple hot wire techniques to measurement in flow fields with small changes in flow direction. A triple hot wire probe together with the related technique is developed to measure in cases where large angular changes occur. Yaw, pitch and velocity parameters are derived as functions of the effective cooling velocities of the hot wires. The dependence of these parameters on flow direction, with respect to the probe, is established through a direct calibration. Uncertainty analysis shows that a wide range of pitch and yaw can be used. Application of the technique in a stalled axial compressor demonstrates the ability to measure mean flow quantities in such cases.