gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of overcoming experimental bladder outflow obstruction in fetal sheep (2002)

Objective: To develop an ovine model of fetal bladder outflow obstruction and to investigate the effect on the kidney of surgical relief of the obstruction in the prenatal period. Methods: Ultrasound examination and amniocentesis were performed on 68 date-bred pregnant ewes at day 57 of pregnancy (term = 150 days). Fetal gender was determined using a molecular technique to identify single male fetuses. The urethra and urachus were ligated at hysterotomy on 20 of these fetuses at 75 days' gestation. Comparisons were made with six controls that did not undergo operation. Changes that occurred in fetal urinary tract appearance were detected using serial ultrasound examinations. Seven obstructed cases chosen at random had further prenatal surgery on day 94 to decompress the obstructed urinary tract by vesicostomy. The animals were killed at 110 days' gestation and post-mortem studies were performed. Results: Fourteen days after surgical obstruction, there were increases in the summed renal lengths (33 mm vs. 28 mm, p = 0.003) and renal pelvis anteroposterior (A-P) diameters (8 mm vs. 5.5 mm, p = 0.02). In the group allocated to receive surgical decompression, 9 days' relief of obstruction resulted in significant reductions in summed renal lengths (30 mm vs. 41 mm, p = 0.024; controls 31 mm) and renal pelvis A-P diameters (5.8 mm vs. 8.9 mm, p = 0.012; controls < 2 mm). Post-mortem histological examination in the surgical decompression group revealed an estimated number of glomeruli similar to controls and greater than in the obstructed cases. Conclusion: Surgical relief of fetal bladder outflow obstruction in ovine mid-pregnancy results in improved renal appearance on ultrasonic and histopathological examinations.
Walt Whitman’s Popularity among Latin-American Poets (1952)

If the reading of an author’s work, allusions, imitations and dedications are an index to popularity, Walt Whitman was one of the most popular among the poets of Latin America. The number of times he is mentioned in their works alone indicates the extent of interest aroused by him and their attitude toward him. An attempt will not be made to show that Whitman was more popular than Poe or Longfellow, but the writer will endeavor to show the extent to which he was known, imitated and emulated by Spanish American poets.
Determinación de la función de nucleación isotérmica en polímeros (2009)

A partir de un planteamiento de formacion de fronteras interesferuliticas en forma de hiperboloides, se simplifica este a dos dimensiones (hiperbolas) y mediante el desarrollo de un simulador para nucleacion homogenea y crecimiento con rapidez constante, se demuestra la utilidad del modelo en la determinacion experimental de la funcion de nucleacion a partir de una sola imagen de
microscopia. Los resultados son satisfactorios en relacion a los planteamientos de Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami y concuerdan con observaciones experimentales sobre el caracter fraccionario del exponente de Avrami.
Eosinophils and basophilic cells in sputum and nasal smears taken from infants and young children during acute asthma (1995)

To examine the increase in eosinophils and basophilic cells in the respiratory areas of infants and young children with asthma (n = 111), we analyzed the numbers of eosinophils and basophilic cells in sputum and nasal smears. The number of children with eosinophilia grades of 2+ or greater (> or = 11 cells/five fields in x1000 magnification) in sputum and nasal smears, respectively, in each age group was as follows: 33% and 21% under 1 year, 59% and 64% at 1 year, and 79-80% and 75-78% at 2-3 years. An increased infiltration of basophilic cells according to age was also observed. Infiltration of these cells began earlier than the appearance of IgE antibodies to mite in blood.
Mutual Coupling in Phased Arrays: A Review (2013)

The mutual coupling between antenna elements affects the antenna parameters like terminal impedances, reflection coefficients and hence the antenna array performance in terms of radiation characteristics, output signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR), and radar cross section (RCS). This coupling effect is also known to directly or indirectly influence the steady state and transient response, the resolution capability, interference rejection, and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation competence of the array. Researchers have proposed several techniques and designs for optimal performance of phased array in a given signal environment, counteracting the coupling effect. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the methods that model and mitigate the mutual coupling effect for different types of arrays. The parameters that get affected due to the presence of coupling thereby degrading the array performance are discussed. The techniques for optimization of the antenna characteristics in the presence of coupling are also included.
Indoor Positioning System using LED Lights and a Dual Image Sensor (2015)

In recent years, along with the rapid development of LED technology, indoor positioning systems based on visible light communication (VLC) have been researched. In this paper, we propose an accurate indoor positioning method using white-light LEDs and a dual image sensor. Indoor LED lights are located at the ceiling in a room and broadcast information on their positions using VLC technology. A mobile device with a dual image sensor receives LED position information by VLC and estimates its position and azimuth angle. Simulation and experimental results are given to show the performance of the proposed indoor positioning system.
Eye Anatomy (2012)

Abstract Eyes are like windows to the outside world, but their intricacies and functionalities are far more extensive than those of any given glass window. They are able to capture, adjust, and transform light into a chemical code that only the brain can decipher. Each structure of the eye works in accord with the next – refracting, constricting, dilating and chemically reacting to convert patterns of light. This article uses the mammalian eye as a primary model and follows the path that light takes on its journey through the functional eye, detailing the essential components of one of the smallest, yet most complex organs in the body. Many have attempted to emulate its abilities, but even top‐of‐the‐line digital single lens reflex cameras dare not compare with the elegant, efficient design infused in this multifaceted unit of anatomical machinery. Key Concepts: Accommodation refers to the changing of the shape of the lens as a result of the constriction or relaxation of ciliary muscles, in order to adjust its optical power to see clearly in the near distance. This process is used to bring objects into focus. Eyes are part of the central neuronal system exposed to environmental stimuli. It captures and processes light signals to form discernible images. Phototransduction refers to the process that creates a change in a photoreceptor's membrane potential due to the absorption of a photon by a photopigment molecule. Retina is the outgrowth of the brain composed of multiple types of neurons and supportive cells that converts light signal into electrochemical impulses that are transmitted to the processing centres in the brain to form discernible images. Glial cells are supporting cells of the nervous system. They provide support and protection for neurons by holding them in place, supplying nutrients and oxygen, isolating them from each other and removing the debris of dead neurons. Neurons are a group of cells that can be electrically excited to process and transmit information by electrical and chemical signalling. They are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
Hardware-accelerated Fast Lossless Compression Based on LZ4 Algorithm (2019)

Data compression can efficiently utilize the storage capacity. Especially for mobile devices, they have limited resources such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) operation clock and a power source, so hardware designed compression method is required. Most adaptive dictionary-based compression methods have their root in Lempel-Ziv algorithm. LZ4 is one of the fastest compression algorithms. In this paper, we propose an advanced algorithm and hardware architecture with improved compression ratio and speed. In order to achieve a higher compression ratio, the proposed algorithm has a variable length format while LZ4 has a fixed length format. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture can achieve compression throughput up to 3.84Gbps and compression ratio up to 4. In this way, our hardware-based architecture improves memory performance and battery life of mobile devices with low power consumption.
Forbidden-area avoidance with spacing technique for layout optimization (2004)

The use of subresolution assist features (SRAFs) in the photo mask is one of resolution enhancement techniques in photolithography, which can minimize linewidth variation caused by proximity effect. However, the process latitude with SRAFs through various pitches is not uniform. From the point of view of lithography, pitches with low process latitude, called forbidden areas, should be avoided. These forbidden areas exist often in the layout after routing since they are larger than the minimum clearance required in the design rules. In this paper, a pitch optimization method applied in the post-routing phase is proposed to avoid the forbidden areas. Experimental data of lithography techniques and geometric constraints from the layout are formulated into a constrained quadratic optimization problem. By using the spacing technique, wire segments in the affected area are adjusted to their new locations obtained from solving the optimization problem by quadratic programming. Examples show that the proposed method can avoid most forbidden areas in the layout after normal routing.
Controllable energy transfer in fluorescence upconversion of NdF_3 and NaNdF_4 nanocrystals (2010)

The synthesized Nd fluoride nanocrystals exhibited different upconversion behaviors as dispersed and aggregated samples due to the different energy transfer mechanisms. When they were dispersed in water, the NaNdF(4) nanocrystals exhibited approximately 400 times stronger upconversion fluorescence than the NdF(3) nanocrystals. Remarkable upconversion behaviors were found when the nanocrystals were aggregated in the films. For the NdF(3) nanocrystals, the energy transfer processes (4)I(13/2)<--(4)F(3/2)-->(4)G(7/2) in the films generated avalanche upconversion emissions with a high slope of approximately 12.0, which could be due to the large avalanche cross relaxation rates and spectral broadening effect. In contrast, the spectral broadening effect in the NaNdF(4) NCs films increased the energy transfer (4)I(15/2)<--(4)F(3/2)-->(4)G(5/2) of the Nd(3+) ions, and induced a new upconversion emission at approximately 680 nm with the slope increased from 1.0 to 3.2.
Efficacy of a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, in preventing ischaemic ventricular fibrillation: dependence on heart rate and ischaemia duration (1998)

The prevention of ischaemic ventricular fibrillation by a beta-AR antagonist, judged from VFT, is easily checked experimentally when ischaemia is only transitory, especially if sympathetic activity is high. The maintenance of VFT at a relatively high level is essentially related to the depressant effect on the sinus rate. The same animal model does not give support to an effective protection in the first hour of infarction. However, the control of heart rate may also be beneficial in these circumstances by attenuating systemic haemodynamic disorders.
B3(Fab)-streptavidin Tetramer Has Higher Binding Avidity than B3(scFv)-streptavidin Tetramer (2009)

it has never been used to make a multivalent agent with a streptavidin fusion. In this study, we prepared tetra-valent (Fab-cSA)4 by fusing Fab with core streptavidin (cSA). This molecule was made using inclusion body production, refolding and chromatography purification. Affinities of the Fab-cSA tetramer and a scFv-cSA tetramer to a cell surface antigen were compared by ELISA using biotin-HRP. The Fab-cSA tetramer showed higher binding avidity than the scFv-cSA tetramer. The higher binding avidity of the Fab-cSA tetramer demonstrates its potential as a therapeutic agent for target-specific antibody therapy.
GROWTH AND MORPHOGENESIS IN THE CANADIAN FOREST SPECIES: V. FURTHER STUDIES OF WOOD GROWTH IN BRANCHES AND MAIN AXIS OF PINUS RESINOSA AIT. UNDER CONDITIONS OF OPEN GROWTH, SUPPRESSION, AND RELEASE (1961)

The analysis of growth in trunk and branches of four red pine trees of different situations is extended to include internode length, circumference, annual wood volume increment, and cambial area. The effects of position of a branch on the tree and of suppression and release are examined in reference to these growth indexes.Increase in circumference responds in much the same way as radial growth, and branch position is important. The greatest annual increase in girth of any branch internode occurs when it is near the periphery and near the top of the tree.Terminal growth of branches is less affected than radial or tangential growth by branch position if the tree is in the open but is suppressed by surrounding trees. Upon release of a tree only those axes whose local environment was actually improved showed an increase in apical growth.The interpretation of annual wood volume increment is complicated by the fact that it is determined not only by internal and external conditions during the current growing season, but also by past growth, both apical and cambial. It is subject to the effects of suppression and of branch position, chiefly through the influence of these factors on the cambial growth component.
Construction and Evaluation of a Self‐Luminescent Biosensor<sup>a</sup> (1991)

The genes encoding bioluminescence (lux genes), derived from the marine bacterium V. fischeri, have been fused next to the genes encoding mercury detoxification (mer genes), derived from a clinical isolate of S. marcescens. The fusion has been made so that the expression of the light genes comes under the control of the mer regulatory gene and promoter. These genetic elements activate the expression of the light genes in the presence of mercury. The light can readily be collected and quantitated, resulting in a biosensor for the detection of mercury.
Efficient Execution of Multi-Query Data Analysis Batches Using Compiler Optimization Strategies (2003)

This work investigates the leverage that can be obtained from compiler optimization techniques for e#cient execution of multiquery workloads in data analysis applications. Our approach is to address multi-query optimization at the algorithmic level, by transforming a declarative specification of scientific data analysis queries into a highlevel imperative program that can be made more e#cient by applying compiler optimization techniques. These techniques -- including loop fusion, common subexpression elimination and dead code elimination -- are employed to allow data and computation reuse across queries. We describe a preliminary experimental analysis on a real remote sensing application that analyzes very large quantities of satellite data. The results show our techniques achieve sizable reductions in the amount of computation and I/O necessary for executing query batches and in average execution times for the individual queries in a given batch.
Alterations of mast cells and TGF-β1 on the silymarin treatment for CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced hepatic fibrosis (2005)

Anti-fibrotic and antiinflammatory effects of silymarin were associated with activation of hepatic stellate cells through the expression of TGF-beta1 and stabilization of mast cells. These results suggest that silymarin prevent hepatic fibrosis through suppression of inflammation and hypoxia in the hepatic fibrogenesis.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia, Coagulation Pathway Activation and Thrombophilia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2002)

This study found no correlation between the MTHFR TT variant or HHCY and a hypercoagulable state in IBD patients receiving anti-inflammatory treatment. This coagulation activity is high during exacerbations of disease, but a considerable reduction is seen in patients on anti-inflammatory therapy compared with non-treated patients. Coagulation activation in IBD is probably a consequence of the inflammatory nature of the disease. That thrombophilia could be a contributory or primary factor in the development of IBD is not supported by the present study, as the frequencies for the genetic determinants for thrombophilia are similar in IBD patients and controls.
A calibration algorithm for the voltage-phase characteristic of a liquid crystal optical phased array (2015)

Liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA) is a kind of spatial light modulator(SLM) which is now widely studied in the field of laser radar, adaptive optics, optical information processing, etc. The calibration of the voltage-phase characteristic of a LCOPA is an important step which will seriously affect the performance of a LCOPA. Firstly, derived the relationship between the phase distribution of the emergent light and light intensity in the far-field. Designed an optic path to calibrate the voltage-phase characteristic. And built up a observation equation. Introduced a weight matrix to reduce the errors caused by the impact of phenomena such as the fly-back. Proposed a new calibration algorithm based on the measurement of light intensity. A checkerboard pattern with a period of M pixels per check was used in the calibration routine. Fix the control voltage of one region, and change the voltage in another region. The light pattern in the far-field changes with the control voltage. Measure the intensity of the light beam at the center of the far-field. Then, obtain the raw data. Filter and normalize the raw data. And calculate the phase difference between two regions. Use weighted least square method to get the relationship between the control voltage and the phase retardation. Lastly, using this method to calibrate a LCOPA which is produced by BNS corp.
Acoustooptic spectrum analysis: a high performance hybrid technique (1979)

A hybrid technique for wide-bandwidth high-resolution acoustooptic spectrum analysis is described that combines features of 2-D space-integrating and time-integrating techniques. Performance features include extended small-signal detectability, improved optical efficiency, and insensitivity to high frequency laser noise. An optically transformed periodic chirp provides a distributed local oscillator that permits wide system bandwidth.
A quad-band Loop PIFA antenna for wireless applications (2008)

In this paper, a novel antenna structure called loop planar inverted F antenna (LPIFA) is proposed. The proposed antenna offers a quad-band operation for GSM 800/900/1800/1900 wireless communication applications. The simulation and measurement validate the proposed design.
Blends and Complexes of Poly(monomethyl itaconate) with Polybases Poly(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacrylamide) and Poly(ethyloxazoline). Association and Thermal Behavior (1996)

This paper reports on the interpolymer complex formation and polymer blends between poly(monomethyl itaconate) (PMMI) and two polymer acceptors poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and poly(ethyloxazoline) (PEOX). We have found that the formation or inhibition of interpolymer complexes for these systems strongly depends upon the solvent medium. The stoichiometry of the complexes prepared from methanol solutions has been calculated from elemental analysis, resulting in a stoichiometry near a 1:1 ratio. Specific interactions of PMMI/PDMA and PMMI/PEOX complexes and blends have been characterized by FTIR. Strong hydrogen bonding for complexes and blends has been found. Finally, a calorimetric and thermogravimetric study of the complexes and blends has been performed in a wide temperature range.
Effects of superoxide anions on the (Na + K)ATPase system in rat lung. (1984)

Oxygen-derived free radicals have been shown to alter endothelial cell functions in lung. Enzymatically generated superoxide anions inactivated (Na + K)ATPase activity and caused lipid peroxidation in lung. Superoxide dismutase or allopurinol, but not ATP, protected this oxy radical-mediated depression of ATPase activity.
Analysis of a 17·9 kb Region from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome VII Reveals the Presence of Eight Open Reading Frames, Including BRF1 (TFIIIB70) and GCN5 Genes (1997)

We report the nucleotide sequence of a 17 898 bp DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII.This fragment begins at 482 kb from the centromere.The sequence includes the BRF1 gene, encoding TFIIIB70, the 5 portion of the GCN5 gene, an open reading frame (ORF) previously identified as ORF MGA1, whose translation product shows similarity to heat-shock transcription factors and five new ORFs.Among these, YGR250 encodes a polypeptide that harbours a domain present in several polyA binding proteins, YGR245 is similar to a putative Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene, YGR248 shows significant similarity with three ORFs of S. cerevisiae situated on different chromosomes, while the remaining two ORFs, YGR247 and YGR251, do not show significant similarity to sequences present in databases.This sequence has been
The Infinite Stamp Problem (1969)

A problem, which can be given to an advanced undergraduate or a graduate probability class, will be proposed and solved. The problem and its extension are both easy to explain and amusing, and the solutions, although not completely elementary, are short and easily understood. Materials: An infinite-sized piece of paper, an infinitesized inking pad, and an infinite-sized rubber stamnp which prints concentric circles whose radii are the positive irrational numbers. Process: The infinite-sized stamp will be placed on the infinite-sized inking pad and then the infinite piece of paper will be stamped. The stamp will be repeatedly inked and applied at random to the infinite piece of paper until the paper is completely covered with ink. (By liat random' we mean iin accordance with some continuous probability law.) Problem: Show that with probability one exactly three applications of the stamp are necessary to cover the entire paper with ink.
Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of asenapine in schizophrenia (2010)

Asenapine is a recently approved agent with an acceptable cardiometabolic profile and exhibits similar efficacy as other antipsychotic medications, primarily on positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Relatively less weight gain compared with other agents may confer a notable advantage. Sublingual administration may have positive and negative effects on patient compliance. Potential 'pro-cognitive' effects of asenapine are preliminary and require more investigation.
Preparation of titania films with cohered nanosized particles using improved liquid phase deposition process (2015)

An improved liquid phase deposition method is proposed for the preparation of titania films with cohered particles. This method involves introducingmicro- bubbles into the normal LPDprocess. The micro-bubble plays a role in the film formation process by not only preventing nucleation in the lateral direction but also creating a hot spot by selfcrushing. This results in a rugged surface film with cohered nanosized titania particles possessing anatase crystallinity, even in the as-grown film.The lowering of the transition temperature from the anatase phase to the rutile phase takes place in the films deposited by the improved LPD process. For the films prepared via the improved LPD process, a photocatalytic UV light response was observed even in the as-grown film. Furthermore, its activity increases drastically after a 500 oC annealing step, leading to crystallinity improvement and surface area increase.