gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video Transport Evaluation With H.264 Video Traces (2011)

The performance evaluation of video transport mechanisms becomes increasingly important as encoded video accounts for growing portions of the network traffic. Compared to the widely studied MPEG-4 encoded video, the recently adopted H.264 video coding standards include novel mechanisms, such as hierarchical B frame prediction structures and highly efficient quality scalable coding, that have important implications for network transport. This tutorial introduces a trace-based evaluation methodology for the network transport of H.264 encoded video. We first give an overview of H.264 video coding, and then present the trace structures for capturing the characteristics of H.264 encoded video. We give an overview of the typical video traffic and quality characteristics of H.264 encoded video. Finally, we explain how to account for the H.264 specific coding mechanisms, such as hierarchical B frames, in networking studies.
Potential therapies to limit obesity (2008)

The chapters within this book have detailed various aspects of the neurobiology of weight control. These include the genetic factors which determined the function of the body's energy regulation and the central mechanisms responsible for maintaining the body's energy balance. Particular focus has been placed on central targets such as the melanocortin and endogenous opioid systems. These systems represent two factors which control food intake: energy balance regulation and pleasure/reward. It is the metabolic demand for energy and the pleasure derived from eating palatable foods which determine when, what and how much we eat. Other chapters have dealt with peripheral generated signals such as ghrelin, leptin and insulin and their role in appetite and energy regulation. Such mechanisms provide episodic meal-by-meal signals of food consumption and the tonic signals of energy storage to the CNS. Organs such as the gut, the pancreas and adipose tissue act as both detectors and effectors in the organism energy regulation system. This diverse peripheral input allows the organism to constantly monitor its current energy status. In turn the CNS does not only adjust the expression of feeding behavior, as the last chapter shows the CNS also exerts control over the storage of energy.
Pearls & Oy-sters: Resolution of hemichorea following endarterectomy for severe carotid stenosis (2008)

Carotid artery stenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral chorea, even in the absence of preceding presentation with stroke or transient ischaemic attacks.<br/><br/>Carotid endarterectomy may reduce contralateral chorea in patients with critical carotid artery stenosis.<br/>
Potential Purine Antagonists. XXIII. Synthesis of Some 7-Substituted Amino-v-triazolo(d)pyrimidines<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Purine Antagonists. XXIII. Synthesis of Some 7-Substituted Amino-v-triazolo(d)pyrimidines1RONALD WEISS, ROLAND K. ROBINS, and C. WAYNE NOELLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 765–770Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EXPANDED ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF CLIVAL CHORDOMAS (2008)

OBJECTIVE We report our recent experience with an expanded purely endoscopic endonasal approach for the treatment of clival chordomas. METHODS Twelve patients underwent an expanded endoscopic approach for excision of cranial base chordomas at Toronto Western Hospital. Two patients had undergone a previous craniotomy for excision of a significant lateral intracranial extension of the tumor. All other patients had mainly centrally located lesions. Three patients had recurrent tumors. This study focused on the surgical approach, results, and complications associated with this approach. RESULTS Diplopia caused by VIth nerve palsy was the most common presenting symptom and was observed in seven patients. Gross total resection of the tumor was achieved in seven patients (58%). Four patients had complete recovery of their preoperative diplopia. One patient (8%) presented with new hemiparesis postoperatively. Four patients (33%) had a cerebrospinal fluid leak postoperatively; two were treated by lumbar drainage, and two required a secondary surgical repair. All newly diagnosed patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. There was no mortality. The short-term outcome was excellent in all but one patient. No recurrence was observed at the median follow-up period of 16 months. CONCLUSION The expanded endoscopic endonasal approach is a valid minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of centrally located clival chordomas or as an adjunct for the central part of chordomas with lateral extension. The early results of this technique indicate at least equivalency to more extensive open approaches, and its versatility may widen the horizon of surgical management of these aggressive lesions. The challenge with the cerebrospinal fluid leakage is being addressed with novel local flap repair techniques. This approach should be in the armamentarium of cranial base surgeons as an option in the management of clival chordomas.
Laser-assisted hair removal for darker skin types (2004)

Before the advent of longer wavelengths, longer pulse durations and more efficient cooling devices, laser-assisted hair removal was best suited for phototypes I-III with dark terminal hairs. Now, laser-assisted hair removal can be performed safely and efficaciously on darker skin types. The long-pulsed diode and Nd:YAG-wavelength-based laser systems are best suited to safely and effectively treat patients with darker skin types. By using conservative fluences, longer pulse durations and multiple treatments, safe and effective laser-assisted hair removal is possible for darker skin types. Patients with darker skin who suffer from hirsutism, hypertrichosis, and pseudofolliculitis barbae can finally be treated safely and effectively.
Puzzles in the clinical pharmacokinetics of fluorouracil. (1999)

The pharmacokinetics of fluorouracil (5FU) were studied in two groups of patients, the administration of 105 i.v. as daily bolus (x5) or 5-day continuous infusions. The 5FU pharmacokinetics were extremely variable from day to day, i.e. from one bolus to the next or during the continuous infusion, especially in some patients. The variations were lower for the daily bolus, but still remained high. The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin, given simultaneously during continuous infusions did not show the same variability; therefore the variability could be specific for 5FU. The role of implantable subcutaneous ports as the most probable source of this extraordinary variability is discussed. We hypothesise that in some patients the implantable subcutaneous ports used for 5FU infusion, could cause transient and extremely high plasma concentrations, exacerbated by the very short half life of the drug and by saturation of its catabolism.
Development of an electrothermal micro positioning platform for laser targets with two degrees of freedom (2016)

This work presents the development of an electrothermal actuated micro positioning platform with two degrees of freedom for use in pump-probe-experiments. The platform consists of a monolithic kinematic system, actuated by local thermal expansion due to defined Joule heating. Samples are manufactured with UV-Lithography of SUEX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">™</sup> dry films for the polymer body and metallic thin films for the heating elements. Characterization of the samples shows deflections up to 177 μm × 119 μm. Controlling the actuators driving power allows a positioning accuracy of less than 5 μm.
History of Norway (1949)

A distinguished one-volume history of Norway, from the Vikings through the Resistance of World War II. "Full, objective, and thoroughly readable history, rich in content.... The result is a well-rounded treatment of Norwegian life—political, religious, economic, and intellectual—during the long centuries.... Easily the most important history of Norway in the English language since Gjerset."— N. Y. Times Originally published in 1948. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
3D human microvessel-on-a-chip model for studying monocyte-to-endothelium adhesion under flow – application in systems toxicology (2019)

Lifestyle and genetic factors can lead to the development of atherosclerosis and, ultimately, cardiovascular adverse events. Rodent models are commonly used to investigate mechanism(s) of atherogenesis. However, the 3Rs principles, aiming to limit animal testing, encourage the scientific community to develop new physiologically relevant in vitro alternatives. Leveraging the 96-chip OrganoPlate®, a microfluidic platform, we have established a three-dimensional (3D) model of endothelial microvessels-on-a-chip under flow using primary human coronary arterial endothelial cells. As functional readout, we have set up an assay to measure the adhesion of monocytes to the lumen of perfused microvessels. For monitoring molecular changes in microvessels, we have established the staining and quantification of specific protein markers of inflammation and oxidative stress using high content imaging, as well as analyzed transcriptome changes using microarrays. To demonstrate its usefulness in systems toxicology, we leveraged our 3D vasculature-on-a-chip model to assess the impact of the Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2, a candidate modified risk tobacco product, and the 3R4F reference cigarette on the adhesion of monocytic cells to endothelial microvessels. Our results show that THS 2.2 aerosol-conditioned medium had a reduced effect on monocyte-endothelium adhesion compared with 3R4F smoke-conditioned medium. In conclusion, we have established a relevant 3D vasculature-on-a-chip model for investigating leukocyte-endothelial microvessel adhesion. A case study illustrates how the model can be used for product testing in the context of systems toxicology-based risk assessment. The current model and its potential further development options also open perspectives of applications in vascular disease research and drug discovery.
Flow cytometry crossmatching (FCXM) in the UNOS Kidney Transplant Registry. (1998)

1. Among 5,776 transplants reported to the UNOS Scientific Renal Transplant Registry with flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) results, 13% had a positive FCXM. The majority (8.8%) had B-cell only reactivity and the remaining 4.2% had T-cell reactivity. 2. Retransplanted patients, females and sensitized patients were more likely to have been FCXM positive than primary transplants, males, or unsensitized patients. 3. A positive FCXM was associated with less than optimal function as evidenced by an increased need for posttransplant dialysis, more grafts that never functioned, longer hospital stays and a higher incidence of rejection. 4. The impact of antibodies detected by FCXM on graft survival was strongest among retransplanted patients (60% 3-year graft survival with a positive FCXM vs 79% with a negative FCXM, p = 0.003), although significant differences were also noted in primary transplants (76% 3-year graft survival with a positive FCXM vs 81% with a negative FCXM, p < 0.001). Class I reactivity generally had a greater impact on survival, although class II antibodies had a deleterious effect as well. 5. Primary transplants across a T+B+ FCXM (n = 187) had a 76% 3-year graft survival rate compared with 74% for 509 T-B+ transplants. Both were significantly lower than the 81% 3-year graft survival rate for 5,017 T-B- FCXM transplants. 6. Retransplants across a T+B+ FCXM (n = 48) had a 60% 3-year regraft survival rate compared with 73% for 118 T-B+ regrafts and 79% when the FCXM was negative when tested against both targets (T-B-, n = 698). 7. Although there is room for improvement in the technique, the FCXM continues to be effective in identifying kidney transplants at risk of early graft failure and of rejection.
Evidence of Commingling in Human Eating Behavior (1993)

This investigation tested whether distributions of certain aspects of eating behavior were consistent with the notion of a "mixture model;" that is, two or more distinct commingled component distributions, consistent with the possibility of major gene action. Undergraduates (n=901) completed self-report trait measures of hunger, disinhibition, and dietary restraint. Variables were residualized for gender and age and transformed to remove skewness. Residualized transformed distributions were tested for departure from unimodality with Hartigan's dip statistic. The distributions of all three aspects of eating behavior were significantly non-unimodal. Next, component multivariate normal distributions were estimated via maximum likelihood. Likelihood ratio tests were employed to compare nested models. A mixture of four distributions with unequal variance-covariance matrices fit significantly better than any more parsimonious model. In sum, these data strongly suggest that the distributions of several measures of eating behavior are composed of four component distributions. This finding is consistent with the possibility of major gene effects for eating behavior.
Getting Used to the Noise (2017)

Talks given as part of the "Why should I believe your Model? How to be a Skeptical Neuroimager" workshop during the 2010 Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) conference in Barcelona.
A Theory for Optical flow-based Transport on Image Manifolds (2011)

An image articulation manifold (IAM) is the collection of images formed when an object is articulated in front of a camera. IAMs arise in a variety of image processing and computer vision applications, where they provide a natural low-dimensional embedding of the collection of high-dimensional images. To date IAMs have been studied as embedded submanifolds of Euclidean spaces. Unfortunately, their promise has not been realized in practice, because real world imagery typically contains sharp edges that render an IAM non-differentiable and hence non-isometric to the low-dimensional parameter space under the Euclidean metric. As a result, the standard tools from differential geometry, in particular using linear tangent spaces to transport along the IAM, have limited utility. In this paper, we explore a nonlinear transport operator for IAMs based on the optical flow between images and develop new analytical tools reminiscent of those from differential geometry using the idea of optical flow manifolds (OFMs). We define a new metric for IAMs that satisfies certain local isometry conditions, and we show how to use this metric to develop a new tools such as flow fields on IAMs, parallel flow fields, parallel transport, as well as a intuitive notion of curvature. The space of optical flow fields along a path of constant curvature has a natural multi-scale structure via a monoid structure on the space of all flow fields along a path. We also develop lower bounds on approximation errors while approximating non-parallel flow fields by parallel flow fields.
Measurement of H2 consumption and its role in continuous fermentative hydrogen production (2008)

To maximise the yield from fermentative H(2) production, H(2) consumption must be minimised. This work demonstrated for the first time that H(2) consumption exists in an established continuous-flow biohydrogen system. The rate of H(2) consumption was found to be related to the concentration of CO(2), with H(2) consumption inhibited at both low and high CO(2). N(2) sparging of the continuous reactor at 31 mL/min/L-liquid increased the H(2) yield from 1.31 to 1.87 mol H(2)/mol glucose, but did not significantly change the in-situ rate of H(2) consumption (0.07-0.09 mM/h). Assuming sparging completely inhibited H(2) consumption, it could only account for 2-11% of the H(2) yield increase during sparging, based on H(2) consumption rates measured in the reactor and in vials. Therefore, H(2) consumption may be of minor concern for continuous biohydrogen systems.
Network Analyzer Calibration Using Short Lengths of Precision Transmission Line (1987)

The techniques for the calibration of a microwave network analyzer have been developed largely on the basis of the use of a number of devices (standards) to determine the terms of the system error model. This paper discusses techniques which employs only one component the properties of which determine the quality of the error corrected results. The component is an electrically short length of transmission line which, although theoretically desirable, is difficult to manufacture and connect. The paper describes the design and construction of such a structure and demonstrates its use in obtaining significantly improved error correction when used in conjunction with an HP 8510 network analyzer.
The Impact of OFDM Interference on TH-PPM/BPAM Transmission Systems (2005)

This paper evaluates the performance of time hopping (TH) pulse position modulation (PPM) and TH binary pulse amplitude modulation (BPAM) systems in the presence of multi-carrier interference. In particular, we derive closed-form bit error probability (BEP) expressions for binary coherent TH-PPM and TH-BPAM systems based on matched filter reception by approximating the multi-carrier interference as sum of tone interferers and considering different scenarios such as AWGN as well as frequency-selective channels. Simulation results proves that the assumption of sum of tone interferers is a good approximation for an OFDM interferer and our analytical results show that the frequency selectivity of the channel of the interferer plays an important role on the performance.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed C−H/CO/Olefin Coupling Reaction of <i>N</i>-Arylpyrazoles. Extraordinary Reactivity of <i>N</i>-Arylpyrazoles toward Carbonylation at C−H Bonds (2003)

The reaction of 1-arylpyrazoles with CO and ethylene in the presence of Ru(3)(CO)(12) resulted in regioselective carbonylation at the ortho C-H bonds. While it is found that the pyrazole ring also functions as the directing group for C-H bond cleavage, the efficiency of the reaction depends on the position of the pyrazole ring.
[Contrast nephropathy and its prevention]. (2003)

Contrast-induced nephropathy is one of the adverse events of diagnostic and therapeutic intravascular application of contrast agent. In general, the condition was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine concentration of more than 44 mmol/l or of more than 25% within 48 hours after the contrast agent administration. Other cause of creatinine increase should be excluded. Contrast-induced nephropathy has been reported to be the third leading cause of acute nephropathy in hospitalized patients, occurring at a rate of 1-6% in unselected population and of 30-50% in high-risk patients. One year mortality can be as high as 45% in high-risk patient population. The most important risk factors are chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and high volume of contrast agent. Clinical presentation is mostly asymptomatic, but in some patients acute renal failure with necessity of hemodialysis can occur. Prevention is underlying tool in reducing of contrast-induced nephropathy incidence. It is based on the identification of risk patients, stop of medication which can increase risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and proper hydratation of patients before, during and after the contrast agent administration. In high-risk patients, non-ionic and low-osmolarity contrast agent should be used. Several clinical studies testing different drugs to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy were performed, but no convincing result has been found. Promising substancies are N-acetylcysteine and fenoldopam.
<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection Alters the Development of Memory CD8+ T Cells (2006)

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States and the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Prior exposure to C. trachomatis has been shown to provide incomplete protection against subsequent infection. One possible explanation for the limited immunity afforded by prior C. trachomatis infection is poor activation of Chlamydia-specific memory CD8+ T cells. In this study, we examined the development of CD8+ memory T cell responses specific for the Chlamydia Ag CrpA. The percentage of CrpA63-71-specific T cells expressing an effector memory T cell phenotype (IL-7R+ CD62low) was dramatically diminished in mice immunized with C. trachomatis, compared with mice immunized with vaccinia virus expressing the CrpA protein. These alterations in memory T cell development were correlated with a significant reduction in the capacity of convalescent mice to mount an enhanced recall response to Chlamydia Ags, compared with the primary response. CrpA-specific memory T cells primed during VacCrpA infection also failed to respond to a challenge with Chlamydia. We therefore investigated whether C. trachomatis infection might have a global inhibitory effect on CD8+ T cell activation by coinfecting mice with C. trachomatis and Listeria monocytogenes and we found that the activation of Listeria-specific naive and memory CD8+ T cells was reduced in the presence of C. trachomatis. Together, these results suggest that Chlamydia is able to alter the development of CD8+ T cell responses during both primary and secondary infection, perhaps accounting for the incomplete protection provided by prior Chlamydia infection.
Cloning, Expression and Display of the PreS Domain of Hepatitis B Virus on Filamentous Bacteriophage M13 (2002)

The PreS domain of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is believed to be involved in virion assembly and attachment to a hepatocyte receptor during infection. In order to study the functions of this region, we fused it to the g3p protein of bacteriophage M13 that allows the fusion protein to be displayed at the tip of the filament. The fusion protein was detected by the anti-E tag antibody on a Western blot. The polypeptide in a soluble form was produced by transfecting a non-suppressor E. coli host cell with the recombinant phagemid. The soluble protein was detected in cytoplasm, in the periplasmic space and also in the medium. The functional display of the PreS domain would provide an alternative means to study its interactions with the nuleocapsid and hepatocytes.