gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The strength and order of responses in a sequence as related to the degree of structure in stimuli (1966)

Abstract An examination of the effects of different sequences of learning material on the acquisition and retention of knowledge in science.
Alcohol absorption, gastric emptying and a breathalyser. (1980)

1 The value of a portable breathlyser (Alcometer AE-M2) in the assessment of gastric emptying after alcohol ingestion was investigated by comparing breath and venous blood alcohol concentrations with simultaneous scintigraphic measurements of gastric emptying rate. 2 Alcohol absorption, as determined by the area under the venous blood alcohol concentration-time curve during the first 30 min, correlated with gastric emptying during the same period, implying dependence of the rate of alcohol absorption on gastric emptying rate. 3 There was no correlation between breath and venous alcohol concentrations during the first 15 min after alcohol ingestion, but a significant correlation was observed thereafter. 4 Breath alcohol measurements may be sufficient to detect gross alterations in gastric emptying but measurements of venous blood alcohol are likely to be more reliable.
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF WET SOILS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 1–3000 MHz<sup>1</sup> (1993)

A bstract The effective relative dielectric constant ɛ e , r and the effective conductivity σ e have each been determined as a function of frequency in the range 1–3000 MHz at volumetric water contents of up to approximately 0.74 for clays, 0.83 for a peat and 0.56 for a silt. At frequencies above about 25 MHz (depending on soil type), ɛ e , r increases with water content for all samples. However, at lower frequencies, ɛ e , r only increases with water content as long as the wet density also increases, which is the case for water contents up to a critical value lying between 0.35 and 0.48. At higher water contents, ɛ e , r and the wet density decrease with increasing water content. Consequently, curves of ɛ e , r versus frequency for two wet samples with different water contents, at least one of them higher than the critical value, are seen to cross at about 25 MHz. Below the critical value the curve of the sample with the lower water content is below the other curve at all freqencies applied. At a given frequency, σ e has a maximum as a function of water content. This is tentatively explained by assuming that σ e is the sum of pore water conductivity (increasing with water content until all salts in the soil are dissolved into the water and then decreasing) and surface water conductivity (increasing with wet density and therefore increasing with water content up to the critical value and then decreasing). At frequencies higher than 1000 MHz, ɛ e , r depends only weakly on salinity (which is represented by the measured conductivity). It shows an increasing dependence if the frequency is decreased towards 1 MHz. The highest values of ɛ e , r and σ e , measured in this work, occur for a sample of wet, nearly saturated silt originating from a location below sea‐level near to the Dead Sea, Israel: ɛ e , r decreases continuously from a value of about 10 4 at 3 MHz to about 10 2 at 200 MHz, while σ e rises from about 4 S/m to 5 S/m at these respective frequencies. The dependence of the wavelength on the loss‐tangent is strong and the wavelength is considerably smaller than it would be in a dielectric. This is the only sample for which σ e increases with water content, even if the latter is above its critical value. Therefore it is assumed that the pore water conductivity is greater than the surface water conductivity if the volumetric water content is lower than 0.564, the maximum value applied. The measurements give evidence for the presence of a relaxation at about 3 MHz for all samples examined.
QP-DTW: Upgrading Dynamic Time Warping to Handle Quasi Periodic Time Series Alignment (2018)

Dynamic time warping (DTW) is the main algorithms for time series alignment. However, it is unsuitable for quasi-periodic time series. In the current situation, except the recently published the shape exchange algorithm (SEA) method and its derivatives, no other technique is able to handle alignment of this type of very complex time series. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm that combines the advantages of the SEA and the DTW methods. Our main contribution consists in the elevation of the DTW power of alignment from the lowest level (Class A, non-periodic time series) to the highest level (Class C, multiple-periods time series containing different number of periods each), according to the recent classification of time series alignment methods proposed by Boucheham (Int J Mach Learn Cybern, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 537-550, 2013). The new method (quasi-periodic dynamic time warping [QP-DTW]) was compared to both SEA and DTW methods on electrocardiogram (ECG) time series, selected from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) public database and from the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. Results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than DTW and SEA in terms of alignment accuracy on both qualitative and quantitative levels. Therefore, QP-DTW would potentially be more suitable for many applications related to time series (e.g., data mining, pattern recognition, search/retrieval, motif discovery, classification, etc.).
DEMOCRACY, INTEREST GROUPS, AND THE PRICE OF VOTES (1988)

The chief contribution of economics toward improving understanding of the way the world works is probably the theory of price. This theory has proven to be a robust tool for explaining how human behaviorresponds tochanges in constraints facing individuals. Price
New algorithms for ring artifact removal (2006)

This paper describes a set of algorithms that enable virtually complete ring artifact removal from tomographic imagery with minimal to negligible contamination of the underlying data. These procedures were created specifically to deal with data as acquired at the University of Texas high-resolution X-ray CT facility, but are likely to be applicable in other settings as well. In most cases corrections are optimally applied to sinogram data before reconstruction, but a variant is developed for correcting already-reconstructed images. The algorithms make particular use of repetitive aspects of the artifact across images to improve behavior. However, fully utilizing this functionality requires processing entire data sets simultaneously, rather than one image at a time. A number of parameters may be adjusted to optimize results for particular data sets.
Phospholipid Motional Characteristics in a Dry Biological System (1982)

Analysis of the proton-decoupled (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of fully hydrated Typha latifolia pollen revealed the presence of two main peaks: A broad asymmetrical component of a ;bilayer' lineshape and a much narrower symmetrical component originating from phosphorus compounds undergoing rapid isotropic motion. From (a) (31)P-NMR experiments on the hydrated total pollen phospholipids, (b) saturation transfer (31)P-NMR experiments, and (c) the fraction of lipid phosphate in the pollen, it can be concluded that the great majority of the endogenous phospholipids are arranged in extended bilayers in which the lipid phosphates undergo fast (tau(c) < 10(-6) second) long axis rotation. This bilayer arrangement of phospholipids was observed in the pollen down to hydration levels of at least 10.9% moisture content. At the lowest level of pollen hydration examined (5.2%) the (31)P-NMR spectrum had a solid state lineshape demonstrating that all the phosphorus-containing compounds (including the phospholipids) were virtually immobile.
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms (1997)

We have demonstrated an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap. Short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states. The fraction of out-coupled atoms was adjusted between 0% and 100% by varying the amplitude of the rf radiation. This configuration produces output pulses of coherent atoms and can be regarded as a pulsed ``atom laser.''
Looking at the bag is not enough to find the bomb (2013)

PDF files have proved to be excellent malicious-code bearing vectors. Thanks to their flexible logical structure, an attack can be hidden in several ways, and easily deceive protection mechanisms based on file-type filtering. Recent work showed that malicious PDF files can be accurately detected by analyzing their logical structure, with excellent results. In this paper, we present and practically demonstrate a novel evasion technique, called reverse mimicry, that can easily defeat such kind of analysis. We implement it using real samples and validate our approach by testing it against various PDF malware detectors proposed so far. Finally, we highlight the importance of developing systems robust to adversarial attacks and propose a framework to strengthen PDF malware detection against evasion.
Simla Notes (1986)

Kipling's Simla child is evidently the ancestor of the fictional Tod and Wee Willie Winkie, both of whom are at ease with the native. In this description of him, the question that occupies Kipling in a number of his stories is quite clear: How can we manage so that the sympathy for and understanding of the natives shown by the child who has been brought up among them are carried over into the administrator who is to rule them?KeywordsYoung LadyCricket BallMoral AdviceMagic LanternJuly 1885These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
[Recombinant human BMP-2 accelerates bone formation of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits]. (2004)

Recombinant human BMP-2 appears to be able to accelerate bone formation of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits.
Acetylated pectins in raw and heat processed carrots (2017)

Heat processing results in softening of carrots, changing the pectin structure. The effect of heat processing on pectin was studied, showing that the amount of pectin in water soluble solids (WSS) and chelating agent soluble solids (ChSS) increased substantially upon heat processing of the carrots. Pectin in WSS from both unprocessed and heat processed carrot had a degree of methyl-esterification (DM) of ≈60% and a degree of acetylation (DA) of ≈20%. Enzymatic degradation released methyl-esterified galacturonic acid oligomers of degree of polymerisation ≥6 carrying acetyl groups. Mass spectrometry confirmed acetylation in highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) regions, next to known rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) acetylation. ChSS HGs were un-acetylated. RG-I levels of both heat processed carrot WSS and ChSS increased. Digestion of WSS with RG-I degrading enzymes showed that WSS arabinan became more linear upon heat processing resulting in the release of oligosaccharides, while in ChSS galactan became more linear.
Diffraction of a Plane Wave by a Finite Set of Cylindrical Conductors Application to an Electronic Scanning Antenna (1978)

This paper describes a mathematical solution to the problem of the diffraction of an electromagnetic wave by a finite set of conductors having the form of thin wires and which are parallel to the electrical component of the incident field. These conductors could be : - continuous, - loaded with, localized impedances equally spaced from each other, - cut in equal length segments and equally spaced in a collinear alignment of dipoles. Any spacing between wires could be used. The radiation pattern obtained by the numerical calculations relative to a model of 200 conductors are compared to the corresponding experimental pattern. The possibility of building an antenna for electronic scanning is deduced from this study, and the results obtained on an experimental antenna are given. Some advantages of this new concept are enumerated.
Lack of relationship between virulence of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> and the putative virulence factors: A‐layer, extracellular proteases and extracellular haemolysins (1988)

Abstract The role of A‐layer (A), protease (P) and haemolysin (H) as virulence factors of Aeromonas salmonicida, the aetiological agent of fish furunculosis, was a investigated using three strains of the bacterium. Strain MT004 lacked the A‐Iayer (A − ) and produced extracellular caseinase and gelatinase (P + ) and haemolysin (T‐lysin; H + ). Strain MT028 was A − , P − and H − , and strain MT048 was A + , P + and H − . The pathology and LD50 produced in rainbow trout by cells or extracellular products (ECP) of each strain were determined. The ECP was produced by two different methods where the protease and haemolytic activities differed in relative levels, or when the protease of MT004 ECP was inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor PMSF. The results indicate that the presence of A‐layer is not essential, at least for a moderate degree of virulence; that in vitro production of extracellular proteases is not a requisite of virulent strains; that presence of protease and haemolysin in ECP can be correlated with the development of certain lesions and a rapid time to death but cannot be correlated with the lethal toxicity of the ECP. The authors conclude that an as‐yet unrecognized component of ECP is responsible for killing fish.
Origins and Evolution of Spliceosomal Introns (2006)

Research into the origins of introns is at a critical juncture in the resolution of theories on the evolution of early life (which came first, RNA or DNA?), the identity of LUCA (the last universal common ancestor, was it prokaryotic- or eukaryotic-like?), and the significance of noncoding nucleotide variation. One early notion was that introns would have evolved as a component of an efficient mechanism for the origin of genes. But alternative theories emerged as well. From the debate between the "introns-early" and "introns-late" theories came the proposal that introns arose before the origin of genetically encoded proteins and DNA, and the more recent "introns-first" theory, which postulates the presence of introns at that early evolutionary stage from a reconstruction of the "RNA world." Here we review seminal and recent ideas about intron origins. Recent discoveries about the patterns and causes of intron evolution make this one of the most hotly debated and exciting topics in molecular evolutionary biology today.
Selecting constant serum estradiol levels achieved by vaginal rings. (1986)

Prolonged, constant, systemic administration of estradiol-17 beta is useful for research and clinical purposes. Sustained systemic administration of estradiol-17 beta can be accomplished by means of estradiol-17 beta-containing polydimethylsiloxane vaginal rings. The ability to preselect a specific circulating serum level of estradiol-17 beta from several possible levels using estradiol-17 beta vaginal rings would be advantageous. In the present study, the author examined the effects of changes in the surface area and estradiol-17 beta content of estradiol-17 beta vaginal rings on the resulting serum levels of estradiol-17 beta. During three months of estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring exposure, the average serum levels of estradiol-17 beta produced were 53 +/- 10 pg/mL with a 100-mg estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring, 81 +/- 7 pg/mL with a 200-mg estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring, and 152 +/- 14 pg/mL with a 400-mg estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring. When compared with levels of estradiol-17 beta observed in normal menstrual cycles, the levels obtained with the 100-mg estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring, 200-mg estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring, and 400-mg estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring correspond to early follicular phase, midfollicular phase, and complete menstrual cycle, respectively. The author concludes that stable circulating levels of estradiol-17 beta resulting from estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring administration resemble estradiol-17 beta levels characteristic of specific phases of the normal menstrual cycle. Therefore, estradiol-17 beta administration by estradiol-17 beta vaginal ring may be helpful for research and clinical applications.
European Heart Journal: Case Reports (2017)

European Heart Journal-Case Reports (EHJ-CR) is to launch as a new member of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) journal family.As an open access journal, EHJ-CR focuses on the publication of high-quality case reports, case series and images. Case reportsCase reports have often been the stimulus for major medical advances.However, in the modern publishing world, case reports have increasingly been seen as a liability to a journal.With impact factors driving the importance of the journal and with the move towards evidence-based health care the case report has become an 'endangered species'.But of course, interesting and important cases continue to present, and they are regularly described at hospital meetings.The lessons that the best of these provide should be more widely communicated.By developing a journal dedicated to case reports, the ESC will ensure continued publication in this valuable format.An open access, on-line only publication model and the primary educational purpose of the journal means that impact factor is not important to ensure the submission of articles and readership of the journal.
HMB-SSD: Framework for Efficient Exploiting of the Host Memory Buffer in the NVMe SSD (2019)

Host Memory Buffer (HMB) is a highlighted feature of the Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) protocol, which is the state-of-the-art storage interface for emerging storage devices such as Solid-State Drives (SSDs). HMB enables the underlying storage to make use of a portion of host memory for caching their address mapping information and/or user data, so that they can overcome the limited capacity of memory within the storage. This technology opens an opportunity to optimize the I/O performance cost-effectively by sharing the ample host memory with the severely resource-constrained device. However, it is challenging to study the HMB-based optimization techniques in the practical system because there is no SSD development platform supporting the HMB feature as well as the commercial SSD products veil their internals, not allowing a custom extension. Motivated by this limitation, this paper presents an HMB-supported SSD development platform called HMB-SSD, which is built by faithfully extending an open-source SSD emulator. HMB-SSD enables to easily integrate and evaluate I/O techniques for the HMB feature in an SSD emulator, which closely mimics the behavior of real devices. We demonstrate the proper operation of our platform and the efficacy of the HMB feature with a case study on write buffering. In our empirical study, the SSD storage achieves a large performance benefit with the HMB-based write buffer, yielding up to 86.2% better performance than that of without it.
Radiohead and the Resistant Concept Album. How to Disappear Completely (2013)

Radiohead and the Resistant Concept Album: 
How to Disappear Completely 
Marianne Tatom Letts 
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010
ISBN: 978-0-253-35570-6
PLANAR ANTENNAS FOR PASSIVE UHF RFID TAG (2010)

In this paper, design, fabrication, and testing of Radio Frequency Identiflcation (RFID) antennas for the European Telecom- munications Standards Institute (ETSI) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) bands are discussed. The designs proposed in this paper are for UHF RFID tag that conforms to EPCglobal C1G2 1.2.0. The exceptional characteristics of the RFID are investigated in terms of antenna-IC matching and radiation e-ciency. The proposed RFID antennas have been fabricated on 5 mil thick Flexible Copper Clad Laminate and the read range of the proposed RFID antennas is exper- imentally tested. Measured free air read range of all proposed designs is over 4m. The performance of the tag antenna design a-xed to var- ious objects is also tested with read range measurements. The results show that the antenna designs can be used for tagging cardboard and plastic objects.
Anaesthetics-Induced Neurotoxicity in Developing Brain: An Update on Preclinical Evidence (2014)

Every year millions of young people are treated with anaesthetic agents for surgery and sedation in a seemingly safe manner. However, growing and convincing preclinical evidence in rodents and nonhuman primates, together with recent epidemiological observations, suggest that exposure to anaesthetics in common clinical use can be neurotoxic to the developing brain and lead to long-term neurological sequelae. These findings have seriously questioned the safe use of general anaesthetics in obstetric and paediatric patients. The mechanisms and human applicability of anaesthetic neurotoxicity and neuroprotection have remained under intense investigation over the past decade. Ongoing pre-clinical investigation may have significant impact on clinical practice in the near future. This review represents recent developments in this rapidly emerging field. The aim is to summarise recently available laboratory data, especially those being published after 2010, in the field of anaesthetics-induced neurotoxicity and its impact on cognitive function. In addition, we will discuss recent findings in mechanisms of early-life anaesthetics-induced neurotoxicity, the role of human stem cell-derived models in detecting such toxicity, and new potential alleviating strategies.
Osteoblast differentiation and bone formation gene expression in strontium-inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. (2007)

Osteoblastic differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) is an important step of bone formation. We studied the in vitro induction of hMSCs by using strontium ranelate, a natural trace amount in water, food and human skeleton. The mRNA synthesis of various osteoblast specific genes was assessed by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the hMSCs culture, strontium ranelate could enhance the induction of hMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. Cbfa1 gene was earlier expressed on day 4 of cell culture (the control group, on day 14) and osteonectin on day 11 (control, on day 21). The early Cbfa1 expression indicates that strontium could enhance osteoblastic differentiation. The detection of osteonectin using strontium induction indicates the role of strontium in enhancing bone remodeling, bone structure stabilization of hydroxyapatite molecule and collagen fibril organization. The cultured hMSCs in the presence of strontium expressed genes of bone extracellular matrix: collagen type I, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin on the same days as control (same medium with no strontium). Concentration of strontium ranelate has been recommended to be optimized in between 0.2107 - 21.07 microg/ml whereas the high concentration up to 210.7 microg/ml have delayed effect on osteoblastic differentiation with delayed expression on Cbfa1 and osteonectin, and inhibitory effect on bone sialoprotein expression. In addition, strontium could help cell expansion by maintaining cell proliferation rate of hMSCs and osteoblast lineage. We recommend that the strontium is an important factor for inducing mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts with further enhancement on bone formation. This model might provide a useful cell source for tissue engineering and bone repair.