gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neoplasms Arising in Paget’s Disease of Bone: A Study of 82 Cases (1985)

Eighty-two cases of neoplasms arising in Paget's disease of bone from the Mid-America Bone Tumor Registry, accessioned between 1958 and 1983, were reviewed. There were 77 osteosarcomas, 3 fibrosarcomas, 1 chondrosarcoma, and 1 giant cell tumor. The male/female ratio was 2:1. The age distribution was 18%, 29%, 36%, and 17% for the groups less than 51 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, and greater than 70 years, respectively. The femur was involved by tumor in 22%; the humerus in 21%; the pelvis in 21%; the calvarium in 12%; the tibia in 10%; and other bones in 15% of the cases. There were 48% survivors after 1 year; 17% after two; and 5% after three and five years; two additional patients with tumor lived for more than seven and 11 years. Radiographs available for simultaneous study in 43 cases revealed predominant tumor patterns that were mixed in 69%, osteoblastic in 21%, and osteolytic in 10%. Other radiographic data and the clinical and histopathologic data are in agreement with five earlier major studies. While the prognosis of neoplasms arising in Paget's disease generally is not good, a small fraction of long-term survivors after aggressive therapy makes this complication a challenge for timely radiographic diagnosis and histopathologic confirmation.
British public expenditure on construction less than claimed? (1987)

In Great Britain the demands for increased public construction investment have been increasing. However, although it is necessary to establish the amount currently being spent before being able to consider the need for an increase, this is difficult as there are two disparate sets of data available on public construction investment. Expenditure data are collected from public sector clients who commission construction work and output data are supplied by the contractors who undertake the work. Between 1976/7 and 1984/5 the expenditure data exceeded the output data by an average of 81.4% and the percentage difference has been increasing. This paper identifies the causes of the differences between the two sets of data and where possible quantifies them. Even after amending for these quantifiable differences the expenditure data exceeded the output data by an average of 10.5% for new public housing work and 29.4% for new public non-housing work. As the remaining unquantifiable differences are clearly significant this paper concludes by examining possible future methods of compiling accurate data on the level of public construction investment.
Col1a1-Driven Transgenic Markers of Osteoblast Lineage Progression (2001)

The modular organization of the type I collagen promoter allows creation of promoter-reporter constructs with preferential activity in different type I collagen-producing tissues that might be useful to mark cells at different stages of osteoblastic differentiation. Primary marrow stromal cell (MSC) and mouse calvarial osteoblast (mCOB) cultures were established from transgenic mice harboring different Col1a1 promoter fragments driving chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). In these models, Col1a1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are the first markers of differentiation appearing soon after the colonies develop. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is detected 2-3 days later, followed by osteocalcin (OC) expression and nodule mineralization. A 3.6 Col1a1 fragment (ColCAT3.6) initiated activity concomitant with ALP staining and type I collagen mRNA expression. In contrast, a 2.3 Col1a1 fragment (ColCAT2.3) became active coincident with BSP expression. The pattern of transgene expression assessed by immunostaining was distinctly different. ColCAT3.6 was expressed within and at the periphery of developing nodules whereas the ColCAT2.3 expression was restricted to the differentiated nodules. The feasibility of using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker of osteoblast differentiation was evaluated in ROS17/2.8 cells. A 2.3-kilobase (kb) Col1a1 promoter driving GFP (pOB4Col2.3GLP) was stably transfected into the cell line and positive clones were selected. Subcultures lost and then regained GFP expression that was localized in small clusters of cells throughout the culture. This suggests that expression from the 2.3-kb Col1A1 fragment is determined by the state of differentiation of the ROS17/2.8 cells. Col1a1 transgenes should be useful in appreciating the heterogeneity of a primary or immortalized culture undergoing osteoblastic differentiation.
Respiratory heat and water exchange: physiological and clinical implications (1983)

Recent evidence demonstrates that the conditioning of inspired air is not confined to the upper airways as formerly thought but rather involves as much of the tracheobronchial tree as necessary to complete the process. As the need to condition more air is increased by raising ventilation and/or lowering inspired temperature (and so water content), the point at which the inspirate reaches body conditions moves progressively deeper into the lungs, and under extreme conditions thermal transfers can be measured in airways less than 2 mm in diameter. The decrease in airway temperature that develops from the movement of heat and water from the mucosa during inspiration not only facilitates recovery during expiration by reversing the thermal gradients, but it may also produce airway obstruction in susceptible individuals by an as yet undefined mechanism. Respiratory heat exchange may also interact with airway secretory processes and mucociliary transport mechanisms and may help regulate bronchial blood supply.
Spectral–spatial feature extraction using orthogonal linear discriminant analysis for classification of hyperspectral data (2017)

Hyperspectral image classification is among the most frequent topics of research in recent publications. This paper proposes a new supervised linear feature extraction method for classification of hyperspectral images using orthogonal linear discriminant analysis in both spatial and spectral domains. In fact, an orthogonal filter set and a spectral data transformation are designed simultaneously by maximizing the class separability. The important characteristic of the presented approach is that the proposed filter set is supervised and considers the class separability when extracting the features, thus it is more appropriate for feature extraction compared with other filters such as Gabor. In order to compare the proposed method with some existing methods, the extracted spatial–spectral features are fed into a support vector machine classifier. Some experiments on the widely used hyperspectral images, namely Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Salinas data sets, reveal that the proposed approach leads to state-of-the-art performance when compared to other recent approaches.
Ca2+ oscillations in the activation of the egg and development of the embryo in mammals (1998)

Introduction Fertilization and Ca2+ Mechanism of sperm.inducedCa2.oscillations Why do mammalian eggs show long lasling Ca" oscillations?Parthenogenetic activation Ca2+ oscillations following exit from meiosis in fertilized embryos Endogenous change in sensitivity to Ca" release with the cell cycle Evidence against a role for Ca2.oscillations in further development Ca2.oscillations and preimplantation development Mitotic Ca2.transients and inner cell mass Ca" changes during late preimplantation development Acknowledgements Summary 1 1 2 2 4 5 6 6 6 7 7
[A case of tianeptine abuse]. (2006)

Tianeptine is an antidepressant agent like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The anxiolytic efficacy of tianeptine is similar to that of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Very few cases have been reported in connection with excessive consumption of tianeptine. Although it is not reconciled with results of many studies on excessive consumption of tianeptine, stimulant action has been specifically emphasized on some case reports of tianeptine abuse. These reports indicate that a tolerance is developed, there is a strong mode of feeling, and there are physical withdrawal symptoms if not taken again. Treatment with tianeptine can pose a risk for addicted patients in terms of high doses as well as tolerability. In this article, we report a 24-year-old patient who abused tianeptine for one year. The biological tolerance was excellent, and hepatic parameters were not affected. The patient experienced and seeks a psychostimulant effect. The patient had a previous history of addiction to cannabis, opiates and cocaine. We concluded that the effect of tianeptine and its addiction risk at the patient who had a history of addiction to multiple substances, and spontaneously increased dose of tianeptine during the last one year up to 3000 mg per day at present. In the literature, reports of addictions to antidepressants are scarce and most of them involve agents with amphetamine-like properties, including amineptine and tranylcypromine. Other reports involving other antidepressant agents, including amitriptyline, fluoxetine and tianeptine remain exceptional.
Acupuncture Points and Their Relationship with Multireceptive Fields of Neurons (2017)

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture points (APs) have been emphasized as key elements that generate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. At the spinal cord or supraspinal level, sensory neurons located in the dorsal horn receive an extensive supply of sensory information from skin and muscle receptors through peripheral afferent nerves. The stimulated skin area that influences the activity of a spinal sensory neuron is known as the peripheral receptive field (RF) of that neuron. By considering that a particular AP location involves the activation of one or various RFs, it can be assumed that several sensory central neurons are the site of convergence of the peripheral input generated by acupuncture stimulation. However, stimulation on nonacupoint sites could also activate skin areas with RFs that have been sensitized, and they could be involved in the generation of nonspecific effects of acupuncture, as seen in clinical practice. From the latter, it is suggested that effective APs, and even nonacupoints, are associated with a particular arrangement of RFs, and their study will be useful for understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of acupuncture and for the development and identification of more efficient sites and modes of acupuncture stimulation to evoke optimal therapeutic actions.
Image-Filtering Techniques for meteorological radar (2008)

The images collected by meteorological satellites and radars are often infected by noise due to the environment, the data acquisition devices and the transmission system used. These images carry information about weather, which must be cleared up. In general, the filtering techniques applied to scrambled images aim at giving them a better visual aspect. In the case of meteorological radar images, such techniques are usefully employed to separate the atmospheric echoes from the ground clutter. Most radars equipping the meteorological stations are non coherent and then especially designed to estimate the amount of precipitations falling in the observed region. In this paper, the images collected by 5.6 GHz non coherent radar in the region of Setif (Algeria), are processed so as to keep the rainfall echoes unchanged and eliminate the ground ones. For this purpose, two filtering techniques are utilized, which respectively consist in computing the textural features of these images and masking the ground echoes. The textural approach is implemented by using an analysis window of 7times7 pixels. The radar echoes are then filtered by using either energy or homogeneity. The masking method is based on the selection of clear sky images among a sequence of radar data collected during a sufficiently long period of time. The template of the relief of the region under study is built by averaging all the clear sky images. To get only the rainfall echoes, the resulting mask is applied to each of the original radar images and the filtering is improved by removing the residual clutter with the help of median filter and shape detection. All these filters are found to be accurate enough for meteorological uses.
Single-electron tunneling in InP nanowires (2003)

We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of field-effect devices based on wire-shaped InP crystals grown from Au catalyst particles by a vapor–liquid–solid process. Our InP wires are n-type doped with diameters in the 40–55-nm range and lengths of several micrometers. After being deposited on an oxidized Si substrate, wires are contacted individually via e-beam fabricated Ti/Al electrodes. We obtain contact resistances as low as ∼10 kΩ, with minor temperature dependence. The distance between the electrodes varies between 0.2 and 2 μm. The electron density in the wires is changed with a back gate. Low-temperature transport measurements show Coulomb-blockade behavior with single-electron charging energies of ∼1 meV. We also demonstrate energy quantization resulting from the confinement in the wire.
Nitrite and nitrous oxide production by <i>Methylosinus trichosporium</i> (1985)

Conditions for the production of nitrite and nitrous oxide by an obligate methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium (OB 3b), were studied. The rate of nitrite production (V NO2-) was correlated with the concentration of ammonia up to 20 mM in the presence of sufficient amounts of oxygen and inversely correlated with the amounts of methane in the system. The rate of nitrous oxide (N2O) production (V N2O) was correlated positively with V NO2- and the amount of nitrite produced and inversely with the oxygen concentration in the system. Nitrite started to disappear when either oxygen or methane or both were depleted, but only a part of the loss could be accounted for by an increase in N2O. Maximum rates of nitrite and N2O production by Ms. trichosporium were 6.9 X 10(-16) and 2.2 X 10(-17) mol . cell-1 X day-1, respectively. These values are about 0.2 and 1.6% of the values for Nitrosomonas europaea. Therefore, production of nitrite and N2O by methanotrophs in aquatic environments may not be as significant as that of Nitrosomonas.
Traceability-based access recommendation (2012)

Devido à grande quantidade de dados disponíveis na Internet, um dos maiores desafios no mundo virtual é recomendar informação aos seus utilizadores. Por outro lado, esta grande quantidade de dados pode ser útil para melhorar recomendações se for anotada e interligada por dados de proveniência. Neste trabalho é abordada a temática de recomendação de (alteração de) permissões acesso sobre recursos ao seu proprietário, ao invés da recomendação do próprio recurso a um potencial consumidor/leitor. Para permitir a recomendação de acessos a um determinado recurso, independentemente do domínio onde o mesmo se encontra alojado, é essencial a utilização de sistemas de controlo de acessos distribuídos, mecanismos de rastreamento de recursos e recomendação independentes do domínio. Assim sendo, o principal objectivo desta tese é utilizar informação de rastreamento de acções realizadas sobre recursos (i.e. informação que relaciona recursos e utilizadores através da Web independentemente do domínio de rede) e utiliza-la para permitir a recomendação de privilégios de acesso a esses recursos por outros utilizadores. Ao longo do desenvolvimento da tese resultaram as seguintes contribuições: A análise do estado da arte de recomendação e de sistemas de recomendação potencialmente utilizáveis na recomendação de privilégios (secção 2.3); A análise do estado da arte de mecanismos de rastreamento e proveniência de informação (secção 2.2); A proposta de um sistema de recomendação de privilégios de acesso independente do domínio e a sua integração no sistema de controlo de acessos proposto anteriormente (secção 3.1); Levantamento, análise e especificação da informação relativa a privilégios de acesso, para ser utilizada no sistema de recomendação (secção 2.1); A especificação da informação resultante do rastreamento de acções para ser utilizada na recomendação de privilégios de acesso (secção 4.1.1); A especificação da informação de feedback resultante do sistema de recomendação de acessos e sua reutilização no sistema de recomendação(secção 4.1.3); A especificação, implementação e integração do sistema de recomendação de privilégios de acesso na plataforma já existente (secção 4.2 e secção 4.3); Realização de experiências de avaliação ao sistema de recomendação de privilégios, bem como a análise dos resultados obtidos (secção 5).
The Role of Advanced Sensing in Smart Cities (2012)

In a world where resources are scarce and urban areas consume the vast majority of these resources, it is vital to make cities greener and more sustainable. Advanced systems to improve and automate processes within a city will play a leading role in smart cities. From smart design of buildings, which capture rain water for later use, to intelligent control systems, which can monitor infrastructures autonomously, the possible improvements enabled by sensing technologies are immense. Ubiquitous sensing poses numerous challenges, which are of a technological or social nature. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art with regards to sensing in smart cities. Topics include sensing applications in smart cities, sensing platforms and technical challenges associated with these technologies. In an effort to provide a holistic view of how sensing technologies play a role in smart cities, a range of applications and technical challenges associated with these applications are discussed. As some of these applications and technologies belong to different disciplines, the material presented in this paper attempts to bridge these to provide a broad overview, which can be of help to researchers and developers in understanding how advanced sensing can play a role in smart cities.
Progress on the Research of Endohedral Metallfullerenes (2000)

This paper introduces the discovery of endohedral metallfullerenes and its significance, as well as the synthesis, purification and characterization methods. The electronic structures of endohedral metallfullerenes and physicochemical properties are also described.
Research on the Electric heating Performance of Heating Materials for Electric Heating Sheet (2020)

To explore the factors of heating materials for manufacturing electric heating sheet, metal fiber yarn and carbon nano-film heating materials were selected to research their basic characteristics and heating properties. The heating performance of the two materials was observed by InfraTec infrared thermal imager. The results show that the diameter of metal fiber yarn is very small, and the thickness of carbon nano-film is very thin, which can be used to make a comfortable electric heating sheet. Both of them have excellent electric heating performance, they can reach a higher temperature under a certain voltage. At the same time, they have their own unique electric heating performance, their instantaneous heating and cooling rates are different, which can be used as a reference for selecting an electric heating sheet in different environments.
New Highly Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by Cu<sup>II</sup> and a <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>‐Symmetric Aminopyridine Ligand, and Its Application to the Synthesis of Miconazole (2008)

A new catalytic asymmetric Henry reaction has been developed that uses a C(1)-symmetric chiral aminopyridine ligand derived from camphor and picolylamine. A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and unsaturated aldehydes react with nitromethane and other nitroalkanes in the presence of DIPEA (1.0 equiv), Cu(OAc)(2)*H(2)O (5 mol %), and an aminopyridine ligand (5 mol %) to give the expected products in high yields (up to 99 %), moderate-to-good diastereoselectivites (up to 82:18), and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 %). The reaction is air-tolerant and has been used in the synthesis of the antifungal agent miconazole.
Green plastics: an introduction to the new science of biodegradable plastics (2002)

Preface vii Acknowledgments ix PART ONE PLASTICS Chapter 1: The Age of Plastics The New Kids on the Block, How Do We Use All That Plastic? 3 Chapter 2: Plastics as Materials Materials Science, Composites and Laminates, The Distinction of Plastics as a Material, Materials and the Ecosystem 10 Chapter 3: Plastics and the Environment Raw Materials, Plastics Waste, Managing Plastics Waste, Environment Friendly Plastics? 15 Chapter 4: The Chemical Nature of Plastics Polymers, Plastics, Additives, Common Thermoplastics, Common Thermosets, Biodegradable Synthetics, Fibers and Elastomers 31 Chapter 5: Plastics Degradation Plastics after Use-An Introduction, Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Biodegradation-Nature's Recycling, Degradation of Plastics, Tests and Standards 52 PART TWO BIOPLASTICS Chapter 6: Biopolymers Nature's Polymers, Carbohydrates, Lignin, Proteins, Polyesters, Synthetic Biopolymers, Nature's Fibers, Nature's Composites 83 Chapter 7: The Reemergence of Bioplastics What Are Bioplastics? Early Bioplastics, The New Bioplastics 104 Chapter 8: Factors Affecting Growth Biomass Raw Materials, Benign Technology, Biodegradable Products, Properties, Cost 135 Chapter 9: Prospects for the Future Raw Materials, Markets, Technological Advances, Environmental Concern, The Role of Government, The Role of the Private Sector, Paradigm Shift 145 Appendix Make Your Own Preparation of Cast-Film Bioplastics, Supplies, Equipment, Procedure, Formulations, Varying the Recipes, 1-2-3 Plastic, Other Possibilities, Standard Tests, Designing Science Projects 165 Notes 187 Glossary 207 Reading List 221 Author/Name Index 223 Subject Index 231
Broadcast Messaging: Messaging to the Masses (2003)

We have instantaneous access to petabytes of stored data through Web searches. With respect to messaging, we have an unprecedented number of communication tools that provide both synchronous and asynchronous access to people. E-mail, message boards, newsgroups, IRC (Internet relay chat), and IM (instant messaging) are just a few examples. These tools are all particularly significant because they have become essential productivity entitlements. They have caused a fundamental shift in the way we communicate. Many readers can attest to feeling disconnected when a mail server goes down or when access to IM is unavailable. For some of us, network outages are now as inconvenient as a blackout.
Exploring dangerous neighborhoods: latent semantic analysis and computing beyond the bounds of the familiar. (2005)

Certain applications require computer systems to approximate intended human meaning. This is achievable in constrained domains with a finite number of concepts. Areas such as psychiatry, however, draw on concepts from the world-at-large. A knowledge structure with broad scope is required to comprehend such domains. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is an unsupervised corpus-based statistical method that derives quantitative estimates of the similarity between words and documents from their contextual usage statistics. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability of LSA to derive meaningful associations between concepts relevant to the assessment of dangerousness in psychiatry. An expert reference model of dangerousness was used to guide the construction of a relevant corpus. Derived associations between words in the corpus were evaluated qualitatively. A similarity-based scoring function was used to assign dangerousness categories to discharge summaries. LSA was shown to derive intuitive relationships between concepts and correlated significantly better than random with human categorization of psychiatric discharge summaries according to dangerousness. The use of LSA to derive a simulated knowledge structure can extend the scope of computer systems beyond the boundaries of constrained conceptual domains.