gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine and its active metabolites (1978)

It has been shown that the antiarrhythmic and toxic effects of lidocaine may be in part dependent on its two active metabolites, monoethylglycylxylidide (MEGX) and glycylxylidide (GX). Presently available gas liquid chromatographic analytic methods require long and tedious steps or sophisticated equipment such as gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assay method reported here with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography is rapid and allows accurate, precise determination of lidocaine, MEGX, and GX in biologic fluids. On the 3 patients studied extensively with the use of this assay, one patient had MEGX concentrations almost twice those of lidocaine. At 83% lidocaine potency, the contribution of MEGX in this patient was about 1.5 times that of lidocaine. The second patient studied on two consecutive days had a 20% increase in serum lidocaine concentration and an equivalent decrease in MEGX concentration on the second day. In the third patient lidocaine was stopped with a resulting half-life of 3.8 hr, which is consistent with previously reported values for patients on long-term lidocaine infusion. Urinary excretion of lidocaine and its metabolites is in agreement with previous work. These data suggest that much information still remains to be learned about the active metabolites of lidocaine as well as of lidocaine.
Gas chromatography (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas chromatographyStuart P. Cram and Richard S. JuvetCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 5, 411–442Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60369a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60369a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views563Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
William Blake (1757–1827) (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Critical History From First Responses To Northrop Frye Critical Extract From Northrop Frye, Fearful Symmetry: A Study Of William Blake (1947) Further Reading Critical History Historical And Political Readings Critical Extract From David Erdman, Blake: Prophet Against Empire (1954) Further Reading Critical History To the Present Critical Extract From V. A. De Luca, Words of Eternity: Blake and the Poetics of the Sublime (1991) Further reading Useful editions Reference material Chapter notes
Voltage-gated sodium channels and pain-related disorders (2016)

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are heteromeric transmembrane protein complexes. Nine homologous members, SCN1A-11A, make up the VGSC gene family. Sodium channel isoforms display a wide range of kinetic properties endowing different neuronal types with distinctly varied firing properties. Among the VGSCs isoforms, Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are preferentially expressed in the peripheral nervous system. These isoforms are known to be crucial in the conduction of nociceptive stimuli with mutations in these channels thought to be the underlying cause of a variety of heritable pain disorders. This review provides an overview of the current literature concerning the role of VGSCs in the generation of pain and heritable pain disorders.
A new successive approximation architecture for low-power low-cost CMOS A/D converter (2003)

A new 6-bit 250 MS/s analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed for low-power low-cost CMOS integrated systems. This design is based on an improved successive approximation ADC with a mixed-mode subtracter that minimizes the overall power consumption and system complexity. The experimental results indicate that this ADC works up to 250 MS/s with power consumption less than 30 mW at 3.3 V. Moreover, the operating voltage is scaled down to 0.8 V using a slight adjustment. The ADC occupies only 0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with the TSMC 0.35-μm single poly quadruple metal (SPQM) CMOS technology. This design is suitable for standard CMOS technology with low-power low-cost VLSI implementation. It is well applied when embedded into system-on-chip (SoC) circuit designs.
Mechanism(s) of Toxic Action of Zn<sup>2+</sup>and Selenite: A Study on AS-30D Hepatoma Cells and Isolated Mitochondria (2011)

Mitochondria of AS-30D rat ascites hepatoma cells are found to be the main target for Zn(2+) and sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)). High [mu]M concentrations of Zn(2+) or selenite were strongly cytotoxic, killing the AS-30D cells by both apoptotic and necrotic ways. Both Zn(2+) and selenite produced strong changes in intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial dysfunction via the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) disturbance, the membrane potential dissipation, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. The significant distinctions in toxic action of Zn(2+) and selenite on AS-30D cells were found. Selenite induced a much higher intracellular ROS level (the early event) compared to Zn(2+) but a lower membrane potential loss and a lower decrease of the uncoupled respiration rate of the cells, whereas the mtETC disturbance was the early and critical event in the mechanism of Zn(2+) cytotoxicity. Sequences of events manifested in the mitochondrial dysfunction produced by the metal/metalloid under test are compared with those obtained earlier for Cd(2+), Hg(2+), and Cu(2+) on the same model system.
Identifying Teacher Questions Using Automatic Speech Recognition in Classrooms (2016)

Nathaniel Blanchard, Patrick Donnelly, Andrew M. Olney, Borhan Samei, Brooke Ward, Xiaoyi Sun, Sean Kelly, Martin Nystrand, Sidney K. D’Mello. Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue. 2016.
Themes (1987)

It is easier to say what Antony and Cleopatra is not, rather than what it is, about. We find no clash of good and evil, no metaphysical soul-searching, no vision of terror; instead, the play shows two conflicting modes of life, summed up in the words 'Roman' and 'Egyptian', each with its defenders and detractors. As spectators or as readers, we experience both modes; and the play's meaning derives from the total impact of that experience, which has been carefully guided by the dramatic techniques of structure, characterisation, and language. (In the theatre, the actors also act as our guides.) These techniques force us to take in opposing viewpoints, to consider what there is of value in them, and to suspend easy judgements. The Critical Commentaries on each scene have explored in some detail the connexion between themes and techniques; however, it seems appropriate to bring together, in this section and in the next, the ideas traced earlier so that from the tangle of forty-two scenes we can come to a more focused and comprehensive view of the play. One can approach the matter of themes from other perspectives, such as: the question of greatness, the power of love, and the matter of empire. 'Rome' and 'Egypt' are meant to be only suggestive.
The Plasticity of Rubber and Its Measurements (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Plasticity of Rubber and Its MeasurementsIra WilliamsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1924, 16, 4, 362–364Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50172a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50172a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Growth of Ovarian Antral Follicles. (2012)

Phthalates are synthetic plasticizers that are widely used in plastics and many other common consumer products. Exposure to these chemicals can cause developmental and reproductive toxicity. Our previous studies show that di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) inhibits follicle growth by inducing oxidative stress. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of DEHP, also inhibits the growth of antral follicles through an oxidative stress pathway. Antral follicles were isolated from ovaries of adult CD-1 mice (age 30-35 days) and cultured with vehicle control (dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO) or MEHP (0.1-100μg/ml) ± 0.5-1mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant) for 96h. During culture, follicle size was evaluated daily as a measurement of follicle growth. At the end of the culture, follicles were collected and processed for in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, which measure the presence of free radicals in the samples, an indicator of oxidative stress. The results indicate that MEHP suppresses the growth of follicles and increases ROS levels compared to DMSO controls, whereas NAC blocks the ability of MEHP to inhibit follicle growth and protects the follicles from MEHP-induced ROS levels. To further analyze the mechanism by which MEHP causes oxidative stress and inhibits follicle growth, we measured the expression and activity of various key antioxidant enzymes: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT). The results suggest that MEHP does not affect Cat expression and that it only decreases Sod1 and Gpx expression at MEHP 100 μg/ml, but not at lower doses. The results from enzyme activity assays indicate that MEHP inhibits GPX activity, but increases CAT activity at 0.1 and 10μg/ml. Interestingly, MEHP increases SOD1 activity at 10μg/ml, but inhibits SOD1 activity at 100μg/ml. Furthermore, NAC blocks the effects of MEHP (100μg/ml) on the expression and activity of SOD1 and GPX. Collectively, these data suggest that MEHP inhibits follicle growth by inducing production of ROS and by altering the expression and activity of key antioxidant enzymes. Supported by: NIHES019178 (JAF), Billie A Field Fellowships (WW and ZRC), and the Environmental Toxicology Scholar Program (MSB).
[Urine profiling by capillary electrophoresis with online stacking of moving reaction boundary]. (2008)

Rapid and sensitive profiling of urine holds evident significance for the discovery of new biomarkers and clinical diagnosis. In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive moving reaction boundary (MRB)-induced stacking technique is described for the analysis of urine profiling by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The MRB was formed with acidic Gly-HCl as the sample buffer and alkaline Gly-NaOH as the running buffer. The optimum conditions of stacking and separation were: 25 mmol/L Gly-HCl (pH 2.5) as the sample buffer and 50 mmol/L Gly-NaOH (pH 12.3) as the running buffer, 15 kV of applied voltage, 4.82 kPa (0.7 psi) x 20 s of pressure injection, 60.2 cm x 75 microm i.d. (50 cm effective length) of capillary, 214 nm of detection wavelength, 24 degrees C of separation temperature. Under the optimum conditions, the MRB can significantly improve the sensitivity of urine profiling. More than 80 stacking peaks have been observed and more than 10 fold sensitivity enhancement was achieved in contrast with the conventional CZE, which with only ten observable peaks and poor sensitivity. The results indicate that the MRB-induced stacking is a useful and potential tool for urine profiling. Furthermore, the present method is easy to perform, and the preparation of sample is quite simple.
Response of dwarf mistletoe-infested ponderosa pine to thinning: 2. Dwarf mistletoe propagation. (1985)

Propagation of dwarf mistletoe in ponderosa pine saplings is little influenced by thinning overly dense stands to 250 trees per acre. Numerous plants that appear soon after thinning develop from formerly latent plants in the suppressed under-story. Subsequently, dwarf mistletoe propagates nearly as fast as tree crowns enlarge but the rate differs widely among trees. The greatest increase is in the lower third of the tree crown. Parasite abundance had no measurable effect on height growth during 21 years following thinning, and height growth was faster than ascent of the parasite in the crown. Dominant trees that had 28 percent of crown length above the highest dwarf mistletoe plant in 1956 had 62 percent above in 1974.
Transport of Phosphorus in a low Pressure Hydrogen Plasma (1975)

Abstract Using a hydrogen low pressure discharge, red phosphorus has been evaporated, transported and deposited in a plasma gradient. At a pressure of 1 Torr and temperatures of about 370°C and 200°C in the charge and deposition zone respectively, several grams of phosphorus are transported in one hour. The red phosphorus is deposited as compact, X‐ray amorphous layers, and also considerably purified by the transport.
Emulsifiers in Food Technology (2004)

Emulsifiers in food technology , Emulsifiers in food technology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Evaluation of a surgical debridement bur for use in periodontal surgery. (1998)

The Evian Debridement Bur facilitates two fundamental techniques in periodontal surgery--soft-tissue debridement and root planing. The bur debrides granulation and other soft tissues attached to the root or bone and removes hard deposits from root surfaces. It can also be used as an adjunct while performing crown-lengthening procedures and endodontic surgery. The bur is made with blunted flutes and, if used with a relatively light touch, will not cut into the alveolus and will not damage the tooth surface. This article reviews the use and advantages of this bur and shows its effect on the root surface at the ultrastructural level.
Power Analysis Resistant SRAM (2006)

The power consumption of a standard CMOS SRAM during read/write operations is dependent on the address applied, the data accessed, and the type of access (read/write). The power analysis resistant SRAM structure presented in this work reduces the dependency of power consumption on data and address 10 times compared to standard SRAM at the expense of higher power and silicon area consumption. Modifications on the primitive SRAM cell, address decoding logic and write operation were made to reduce the dependency.
Prosodic boundary information helps unsupervised word segmentation (2015)

It is well known that prosodic information is used by infants in early language acquisition. In particular, prosodic boundaries have been shown to help infants with sentence and wordlevel segmentation. In this study, we extend an unsupervised method for word segmentation to include information about prosodic boundaries. The boundary information used was either derived from oracle data (handannotated), or extracted automatically with a system that employs only acoustic cues for boundary detection. The approach was tested on two different languages, English and Japanese, and the results show that boundary information helps word segmentation in both cases. The performance gain obtained for two typologically distinct languages shows the robustness of prosodic information for word segmentation. Furthermore, the improvements are not limited to the use of oracle information, similar performances being obtained also with automatically extracted boundaries.
Wages and Inflation—A Macroeconomic Analysis (1979)

This chapter is concerned with the macroeconomic role of wage inflation in the countries under review. In view of the general definition of inflation, wage inflation is to be understood as inflation (open and repressed) caused by excessive growth of the global wage-fund in relation to the rate of increase in the volume of goods and services on which the increment in wages is to be spent. The objective of this chapter therefore is to examine the contribution of wage growth to the generation of shortages of consumer goods and services and thus to open and/or repressed inflation.KeywordsProductivity GrowthReal WageNational IncomeAverage WageWage IncreaseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A study on the pintle-tip shapes effect of nozzle flow using cold-flow test (2010)

노즐 목 근처에 설치된 핀틀 형상이 노즐 내부 유동과 추력에 미치는 영향을 공압 실험으로 고찰하여 제시하였다. 핀틀 이동으로 노즐 목 면적이 감소하면 연소실 압력은 부드럽게 상승하나 추력은 핀틀 형상에 따라 증가 패턴이 다르게 나타났다. 동일한 노즐 목과 연소실 압력 조건에서 추력은 전체적으로 핀틀 형상이 오목한 것 보다는 볼록한 것이 컸다. 노즐 벽면 압력과 핀틀에 작용하는 하중은 핀틀 형상은 물론 핀틀 위치 및 노즐 목면적에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. The objective of this work was to investigate the pintle-tip shape effect on nozzle flow and thrust by cold flow test. When nozzle throat area was decreased by pintle movement, chamber pressure was increased monotonously but thrust was increased differently according to every pintle-tip shape. At the same chamber pressure and nozzle throat area, thrust of convex pintle-tip shape was mostly larger than that of concave one. Nozzle wall pressure distribution and magnitude of pintle-tip load depended on the pintle-tip shape, pintle position and nozzle throat area.
Characterization of cis-acting elements regulating transcription from the promoter of a constitutively active rice actin gene. (1992)

The promoter of the constitutively expressed rice (Oryza sativa) actin 1 gene (Act1) is highly active in transformed rice plants (W. Zhang, D. McElroy, and R. Wu, Plant Cell 3:1150-1160, 1991). A region 834 bp upstream of the Act1 transcription initiation site contains all the regulatory elements necessary for maximal gene expression in transformed rice protoplasts (D. McElroy, W. Zhang, J. Cao, and R. Wu, Plant Cell 2:163-171, 1990). We have constructed a series of Act1 promoter deletions fused to a bacterial beta-glucuronidase reporter sequence (Gus). Transient expression assays in transformed rice protoplasts, as well as transformed maize cells and tissues, identified two distinct cis-acting regulatory elements in the Act1 promoter. A 38-bp poly(dA-dT) region was found to be a positive regulator of Act1 promoter activity. Deletion of the poly(dA-dT) element lowered Gus expression by at least threefold compared with expression produced by the full-length Act1 promoter. By gel retardation and footprinting, we identified a ubiquitous rice protein which specifically recognizes this poly(dA-dT) element in the constitutively active Act1 promoter. A CCCAA pentamer repeat-containing region was found to be a negative regulator of the Act1 promoter in transformed rice protoplasts. Transient expression assays in different maize cells and tissues with use of the Act1 deletion constructs suggested that the CCCAA pentamer repeat region functions in a complex tissue-specific manner. A CCCAA-binding protein was detected only in root extracts.
A simple and robust method for fast crystal identification (2012)

In Positron Emission Tomography (PET), crystal look-up tables (CLUT) are used to map the positions of incident annihilation photons to individual crystals in a typical 2D scintillator detector. To obtain the CLUT, a flood image of the detector is first acquired by irradiating the detector with a flood source. The flood image is then segmented into regions, each corresponding to a specific crystal in the detector. In this paper, a simple and robust method is proposed for fast crystal identification. First, morphology methods and a Gaussian kernel are applied to enhance the contrast of the image. Local maxima is then searched and identified as peaks. A fast method is developed to sort the peaks and the borders of the crystal are calculated using the coordinates of adjacent peaks. CLUT is then generated based on the borders of the crystals. A MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) tool incorporating the proposed method is also developed to facilitate optional interactive operations. The method was tested using (1) a flood image of an Inveon detector; (2) four flood images of PET insert detectors; (3) a flood image of a clinical PET scanner detector; (4) a flood image of a prototype PETbox detector and (5) four flood images of MicroPET R4 detectors. For all the flood images tested, 3 edge crystals in one of the MicroPET R4 detectors and 8 edge crystals in the prototype PETbox detector were failed to be identified. Besides that, all the crystals were automatically segmented and the resulting CLUT were reasonably satisfactory. The computational time for segmentation in the MATLAB environment was less than 2 sec for each flood image on a standard Pc. Results show that the proposed method exhibits reasonably good performance as well as robustness dealing with different flood images and we believe it could be used in the daily basis where thousands of crystals need to be accurately identified.
Plant protease inhibitors: a defense strategy in plants (2007)

Proteases, though essentially indispensable to the maintenance and survival of their host organisms, can be potentially damaging when overexpressed or present in higher concentrations, and their activities need to be correctly regulated. An important means of regulation involves modulation of their activities through interaction with substances, mostly proteins, called protease inhibitors. Some insects and many of the phytopathogenic microorganisms secrete extracellular enzymes and, in particular, enzymes causing proteolytic digestion of proteins, which play important roles in pathogenesis. Plants, however, have also developed mechanisms to fight these pathogenic organisms. One important line of defense that plants have to fight these pathogens is through various inhibitors that act against these proteolytic enzymes. These inhibitors are thus active in endogenous as well as exogenous defense systems. Protease inhibitors active against different mechanistic classes of proteases have been classified into different families on the basis of significant sequence similarities and structural relationships. Specific protease inhibitors are currently being overexpressed in certain transgenic plants to protect them against invaders. The current knowledge about plant protease inhibitors, their structure and their role in plant defense is briefly reviewed.

	 

	Key words: Proteases, enzymes, protease inhibitors, serpins, cystatins, pathogens, defense.