gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐C‐220‐04: Electrostatic Focal Spot Correction for X‐Ray Tubes Operating in Strong Magnetic Fields (2011)

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of electrostatic mechanisms for controlling the focal spot position in X‐ray tubes operating in the fringe field of an MR bore, and to determine a cathode design to implement the correction mechanism while not compromising normal X‐ray tube operation.Methods: Using a combination of theoretical calculations and high voltage vacuum standoff constraints, a cathode design was derived that is practical for standard X‐ray tube geometry. The crucial part of the design consists of two voltage‐biased deflection electrodes placed adjacent to the cathode. Space charge beam simulations were performed for the design to determine current density changes and beam deflection in the presence of a magnetic field. Phase space information from the beam simulation was input into a Monte Carlo engine to determine the effect of the cathode design on the X‐ray photon energy spectrum.Results: For a 0.07T magnetic field, a 120 kV cathode‐anode potential, a 14.4 mm cathode‐anode separation distance, and a 35 kV electrode potential, the deflection of the X‐ray tube focal spot is within 2 mm of the original position with slight distortions to focal spot shape. However, the curvature of the electron trajectories is altered resulting in a significant velocity component tangential to the anode that is on average 10 times larger than in the control case. The electron velocity changes coupled with slightly lower current density on the anode reduces the total number of photons generated by 7.5% without significantly altering the energy spectrum of the X‐ray photons Conclusions: The beam simulations demonstrate that focal spot deflection can be controlled to within reasonable values. The generated spectrum is not significantly different from that of a standard X‐ray tube, with only a moderate decrease in overall photon fluence. Work is underway to evaluate the cathode design in an experimental setting. Funding Sources: NIHR01 EB007626, Stanford Bio‐X Fellowship, and the Lucas Foundation
Mechanisms and factors regulating organic carbon removal in surface flow constructed wetlands receiving woodwaste leachate (2010)

An amber leachate was generated by rainfall on an uncovered woodwaste pile beside Fraser River in Mission, BC, Canada. The "young" leachate in the pile's placement period was acidic (pH 3.4-3.7) and nutrient-poor, with high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD 12559-14254 mg L⁻¹), tannin and lignin (T&L 3066-5150 mg L⁻¹) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs 1564-2132 mg L⁻¹). The leachate at 1.5 years into the closure period became less acidic, ammonia-rich, more refractory, and lower in organic strength. More than 98% of leachate constituents were soluble. Laboratory tests demonstrated insignificant volatilization, limited effect of sediment adsorption, and the major role of biological degradation for organic carbon removal from woodwaste leachate in surface flow constructed wetlands (CWs). The activity of the microbial community was investigated by measuring ³H-leucine incorporation into bacterial protein, ¹⁴C-glucose turnover, and bacterial assimilation and mineralization of ¹⁴C-acetate in pilot-scale CWs receiving the young leachate. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent strength and mass loading rate on treatment performance, microbial biomass and heterotrophic activities were examined in mesocosm wetlands receiving the "aging" leachate. There were insignificant longitudinal variations in heterotrophic activities and insignificant vertical variation in biomass. It could take up to 6 weeks for microbial maturation. A HRT value of 5 d was enough to avoid adverse effects on bacterial communities. When a VFAs-rich influent was fed, COD and T&L reduction efficiencies increased significantly with HRT. When a refractory influent of aged leachate was fed, reduction efficiencies increased slightly with HRT. Heterotrophic activities were regulated by the availability of organic substrates, electron acceptors and inorganic nutrients, which varied with influent strength and HRT. Nanoflagellate grazing controlled a proportion of active bacteria. The influents with up to 40% of the organic strength of young leachate did not inhibit the acclimatized microorganisms. Vegetation made little or no difference in performance. Reduction rates and rate constants were correlated to the heterotrophic activities of planktonic, epiphytic and sedimentary bacteria. Bacterioplankton and sedimentary bacteria usually contributed 77-99% to the total heterotrophic activities. The relative importance of sedimentary bacteria increased under substrate-limiting conditions, while bacterioplankton was favored by VF As-rich influents.
Principles of Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization with Photodynamic Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (1999)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of legal blindness in the developed countries in people older than 50 years of age. AMD complicated by choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) accounts for 12% of AMD, but for 88% of legal blindness cases. Because of the progressive aging of the population, it is expected that AMD will be one of the greater public health problems in ophthalmology in the first half of the next century. Laser photocoagulation remains the only proven treatment for CNV in AMD, but unfortunately, is applicable only to a minority of patients presenting with CNV in AMD. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new experiment treatment for CNV that combines the application of low-intensity light with a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen to produce tissue effects. It uses the noninvasive potential of the laser light to cause a nonthermal localized chemotoxic reaction and obtain highly selective occlusion of the neovascular channels, with sparing of the overlying photoreceptors. Animal studies showed that PDT accounts for the effective closure of experimentally induced CNV. Phase I-II clinical studies showed that PDT using BPD can safely stabilize leakage from CNV in a majority of patients for up to 3 months. Phase III clinical studies to assess the long term prognosis of PDT-treatment of CNV in AMD are ongoing.
Relationship of Melting Practice, Inclusion Type, and Size with Fatigue Resistance of Bearing Steels (1988)

The evaluation of numerous steelmaking practices and the consequences of process modifications have been assessed by both fatigue tests and analysis of the inclusions at the origin of fracture. Increasing the average size of oxides causes the fatigue properties to deteriorate; the harmful influence of large globular Al2O3-CaO inclusions was confirmed, and the role of other types such as titanium nitrides, alumina, and certain sulfides was clarified. General criteria of total oxygen or total titanium content are not related to the fatigue performance of steels manufactured by different steelmaking processes and practices; within an individual practice, however, they may serve as useful indicators of fatigue life. The poor correlation between standard cleanliness ratings and fatigue performances has been explained. The application of these results to qualification procedures and quality-control methods are discussed. Currently, the best quality assurance can be obtained through the qualification of the steelmaking practice by fatigue tests and a strict control over the reliability of the process by measurements of the critical parameters.
Effect of Theophylline on the Production of Interleukin-1.BETA., Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA., and Interleukin-8 by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. (1995)

Theophylline is a mild bronchodilator and has significant extrapulmonary effects, but it may also have some anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the immunological effects of theophylline on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), by examining the production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) when PBMC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or recombinant human IL-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta). At concentrations > or = 50 micrograms/ml, theophylline suppressed the proliferative activity of PBMC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (p < 0.05). IL-1 beta production showed 23% suppression by 10 micrograms/ml theophylline (p < 0.05), while the suppression was 26% at 25 micrograms/ml (p < 0.05), 30% at 50 micrograms/ml (p < 0.05), and 33% at 100 micrograms/ml (p < 0.05). TNF-alpha production was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by theophylline, being decreased by 24% at 10 micrograms/ml (p < 0.05), by 29% at 25 micrograms/ml (p < 0.05), by 41% at 50 micrograms/ml (p < 0.01), and by 54% at 100 micrograms/ml (p < 0.01). IL-8 production, in contrast, was not affected by theophylline. rhIL-1 beta induced IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 1-100 units/ml, and theophylline (particularly at concentrations of 50 and 100 micrograms/ml), increased IL-8 production in the presence of rhIL-1 beta. Suppression of the production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by therapeutic levels of theophylline suggested that this drug might have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Temperatur-Zeitverhalten von Temperatur-Meßwiderständen bei impulsförmiger Strombelastung/ Temperature/time characteristics of pulse-feeded temperature measuring resistors/ Les caractéristiques température/temps des résistances de mesure alimentées par des impulsions (1972)

Article Temperatur-Zeitverhalten von Temperatur-Meßwiderständen bei impulsförmiger Strombelastung/ Temperature/time characteristics of pulse-feeded temperature measuring resistors/ Les caractéristiques température/temps des résistances de mesure alimentées par des impulsions was published on August 1, 1972 in the journal Materials Testing (volume 14, issue 8).
4R-Cembranoid Improves Outcomes after 6-Hydroxydopamine Challenge in Both In vitro and In vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease (2017)

(1S, 2E, 4R, 6R,-7E, 11E)-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol (4R) is one of the cembranoids found in tobacco leaves. Previous studies have found that 4R protected acute rat hippocampal slices against neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and against the toxic organophosphorus compounds paraoxon and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i>, 4R reduced the infarct size in a rodent ischemic stroke model and neurodegeneration caused by DFP. The present study expanded our previous study by focusing on the effect of 4R in Parkinson's disease (PD) and elucidating its underlying mechanisms using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced injury models. We found that 4R exhibited significant neuroprotective activity in the rat unilateral 6-OHDA-induced PD model <i>in vivo</i>. The therapeutic effect was evident both at morphological and behavioral levels. 4R (6 and 12 mg/kg) treatments significantly improved outcomes of 6-OHDA-induced PD <i>in vivo</i> as indicated by reducing forelimb asymmetry scores and corner test scores 4 weeks after injection of 6-OHDA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The therapeutic effect of 4R was also reflected by decreased depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) on the side injected with 6-OHDA. TH expression was 70.3 and 62.8% of the contralateral side in striatum and SN, respectively, after 6 mg/kg 4R treatment; furthermore, it was 80.1 and 79.3% after treatment with 12 mg/kg of 4R. In the control group, it was 51.9 and 23.6% of the contralateral striatum and SN (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, 4R also protected differentiated neuro-2a cells from 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i>. The activation of p-AKT and HAX-1, and inhibition of caspase-3 and endothelial inflammation, were involved in 4R-mediated protection against 6-OHDA-induced injury. In conclusion, the present study indicates that 4R shows a therapeutic effect in the rat 6-OHDA-induced PD model <i>in vivo</i> and in 6-OHDA-challenged neuro-2a cells <i>in vitro</i>.
Genital Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus among Men (2002)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that most sexual transmission of genital herpes occurs when persons shed virus but lack lesions. This study assessed 79 men (63 with a history of genital herpes simplex virus [HSV] type 2 infection, 5 with a history of genital HSV-1 infection, and 11 with HSV-2 antibodies but no history of genital herpes) and obtained daily swabs for viral culture. HSV was isolated at least once from 60 (81%) HSV-2-seropositive men. The total viral shedding rate in HSV-2-seropositive men was 5%; the subclinical shedding rate was 2.2%. Of 11 HSV-2-seropositive men without a genital herpes history, 7 recognized typical recurrences and HSV was detected in 10. The shedding rate among men with genital HSV-2 was significantly higher than among men with genital HSV-1 infection (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-15.3). The frequency of viral shedding in men with genital herpes appears comparable with that in women.
Mathematical model of dynamic imbibition in nanoporous reservoirs (2022)

The oil-water imbibition equation in the nano-scale pores considering the dynamic contact angle effect, nanoconfinement effect, inertia effect, and inlet end effect was established, and the relation between the friction coefficient of solid-oil-water three-phase contact line and the fluid viscosity in the interface zone was derived. In combination with the capillary bundle model and the lognormal distribution theory, the imbibition model of tight core was obtained and key parameters affecting imbibition dynamics were analyzed. The study shows that in the process of nanopore imbibition, the dynamic contact angle effect has the most significant impact on the imbibition, followed by nanoconfinement effect (multilayer sticking effect and slippage effect), and the inertia effect and inlet end effect have the least impact; in the initial stage of imbibition, the effect of inertial force decreases, and the effect of contact line friction increases, so the dynamic contact angle gradually increases from the initial equilibrium contact angle to the maximum and then remains basically stable; in the later stage of imbibition, the effect of contact line friction decreases, and the contact angle gradually decreases from the maximum dynamic contact angle and approaches the initial equilibrium contact angle; as the pore radius decreases, the dynamic contact angle effect increases in the initial stage of imbibition and decreases in the later stage of imbibition; as the oil-water interfacial tension increases, the imbibition power increases, and the dynamic contact angle effect increases; there is a critical value for the influence of interfacial tension on the imbibition dynamics. In improving oil recovery by imbibition in tight oil reservoir, interfacial tension too low cannot achieve good imbibition effect, and the best interfacial tension needs to be obtained through optimization.
Image denosing by curvature strength diffusion (2009)

Due to its great advantage that it can preserve image edges while reducing noise, the anisotropic diffusion open a new filed in image processing. However, as anisotropic diffusion is based on gradient, which is sensitive to noise, it may not work efficiently especially when the image contains a high level of noise. In this paper, a new method is proposed to tackle this problem. Making use of the local analysis of an image, Hessian matrix, we propose a new idea of curvature strength to describe the intensity variations in images. Employing the curvature strength to tune the diffusion, the proposed diffusion scheme works better than the original anisotropic diffusion. Experimental results on several standard images demonstrate that the proposed scheme has a better and more robust denoising ability than the original anisotropic diffusion.
Thermal Degradation of Aminosilicone Carbamates (2016)

The major thermal degradation pathway seen with 1,5-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyltrisiloxane/triethylene glycol (GAP-1/TEG) is the formation of a urea-containing compound. Degradation is increased at higher temperatures, longer reaction times, higher CO2 concentrations (in the form of carbamate loading), and low water levels. A judicious choice of operating conditions can significantly decrease urea byproduct formation. Reducing the desorption temperature from 140 to 100 °C and adding 5 wt % water to the 60:40 mixture of GAP-1/TEG resulted in a 500-fold reduction in amine loss after 4 days in a CO2-rich environment. After 56 days of continuous heating under the same conditions, ∼87% original GAP-1 was retained at 100 °C compared to only ∼20% at 140 °C. The urea byproduct appears to be the only major degradation pathway under these conditions, with 100% of the mass balance accounted for by the urea and amine components.
SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS BY MULTIPLE-AFFINITY TWO-PHASE PARTITIONING IN MICROCHANNELS (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Electrical Resistance Measurements on Fibers and Fiber Assemblies (1952)

The resistance of single textile fibers and assemblies of these fibers has been studied because of its relation to the effects of static electricity in fibrous materials. An apparatus has been con structed to measure resistances of fibers and assemblies from 10 8 to 10 16 ohms at specified tem peratures and relative humidities. Results of measurements at 30°C on some natural fibers (wool, cotton, hair, silk) and on some man-made fibers (rayon, acetate, nylon, casein) are given for relative humidities from 52% to 85%. Some other synthetic fibers (Orlon, Dacron, Dynel, polyethylene, Velon) have resistances too high to be measured conveniently with the present apparatus. All of the materials measured were found to be ohmic and largely free from polari zation effects at voltage gradients up to several hundred volts per centimeter, the limiting values used in the study. The resistivities of all materials tested decreased rapidly with increasing moisture content of the material, the resistivity varying inversely as the 7th to 13th power of the moisture content. Reasonable correlations were found to exist between the resistances of fiber assemblies and the constituents thereof.
Monocyte chemotactic activity induced by intravitreal endotoxin. (1985)

In order to clarify the factors responsible for the cellular infiltrate characteristic of anterior uveitis, the authors have induced inflammation in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of 100 ng of Escherichia coli or Salmonella endotoxin (ET). A 2% concentration of aqueous humor 18 to 24 hr after ET consistently induced monocyte migration as measured in modified Boyden chambers. Activity was significantly greater in these samples than in aqueous after saline injection or 3 hr after endotoxin injection (prior to cellular infiltrate). Using either sephadex G-75 molecular sieve chromatography or a cibacron blue column, the vast majority of migratory activity co-eluted with albumin. Serum albumin, however, at a comparable concentration did not induce migration. Activity was largely heat- and acid-stable and was maximal in the presence of a concentration gradient, indicating that it was chemotactic rather than chemokinetic. A second peak of activity eluted from the G-75 column just prior to a marker with molecular weight of 427 and was also present in eluates from normal aqueous humor. Chloroform:methanol extraction, radioimmunoassay, and high performance liquid chromatography indicated that a small portion of the chemotactic activity could be ascribed to lipid including leukotriene B4. In contrast to the prominence of complement (C5a) derived chemotactic activity resulting from intravenous ET, C5a was not a major contributor to aqueous chemotactic activity subsequent to local ET. These observations demonstrate that leukocyte migration factors in aqueous humor can be characterized and compared. This approach can be used to test the hypothesis that subsets of anterior uveal inflammation might be distinguished on the basis of associated chemotactic factors.
DEPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF A LITTLE-ORIENTED PYROLYTIC CARBON; Deposition et proprietes d'un carbone pyrolytique peu oriente (1963)

Pyrolytic carbon obtained by thermal decomposition of acetylene, at partial pressures of 0.02 to 0.1 atm, on walls heated to between 1550 and 1650 deg C, is characterized by its low density (1.35) and a not very marked preferred orientation of the crystallites. The latter property is expressed by an absence of laminar structure in the deposit and by its good compatibility with an artiticial graphite substrate. Following a description of the method of deposition and an outline of the structural properties, certain physical and chemical properties of the substance are examined. (auth)
A DLTS Study of Band Gap States in SLS Poly-Si TFTs (2008)

The experimental knowledge of band gap states density (DOS) is of major importance for the understanding of the electrical properties of poly-Si TFTs. For this reason several methods have been employed over the last three decades. Aim of the present work is to present a new approach for direct experimental determination of DOS based on the Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). The investigation is performed on TFTs fabricated on sequential lateral solidified (SLS) poly-Si films. The results suggest a U-shape continuous distribution of states in the band gap as expected from theoretical predictions and other experimental observations.
Demonstration of gap junctions in frog skin epithelium (1989)

The morphology and distribution of the intercellular junctions were investigated in isolated skin of Rana pipiens using various electron-microscopic techniques. Our evidence demonstrates the presence of gap junctions and suggests that the distribution of gap junctions is not homogeneous among the epithelial strata. Gap junctions were less frequent in the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum than in the stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum. These results support a model of widespread intercellular coupling, although the lower number of gap junctions in the stratum granulosum suggests a possible deficiency in intercellular coupling. Tight junctions were found only in two apical strata of the epithelium (stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). Desmosomes were located in all strata.
Tacrine use in nursing homes (1999)

A minority of nursing home residents received tacrine. Of those who did, a significant proportion were unlikely to benefit from its use because of their level of cognitive and ADL impairment, or because low doses were used. As new medications become available for dementia, MDS data can be used by nursing homes to monitor the use of these therapies.
Pseudomonas sp. G19 Alleviates Salt Stress and Promotes Growth of Chinese Cabbage (2014)

염 스트레스를 비롯한 다양한 비생물학적 스트레스는 식물의 생장저해와 작물 생산량을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 계화도 간척지 토양에서 식물생장 촉진 세균을 분리하여 Pseudomonas sp. G19로 명명하였다. G19 균주는 36시간 배양 후 <TEX>$7.5{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>의 indole acetic acid를 생산하고 불용성인산을 25% 가용화시켰으며, 식물의 에틸렌 감소와 관련된 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase를 발현하였다. 또한 150 mM NaCl에 침지된 염 조건의 토양에서 재배된 유묘기 배추를 이용한 실증실험에서 G19 균주는 배추의 생체중량을 증가시킴으로써 염 스트레스의 경감 및 생장 촉진에 관여함을 알 수 있었다. A variety of abiotic stresses limit plant growth and crop productivity. Among the abiotic stress, salinity is one of the major harmful stresses to plants. Plant growth-promoting bacterium was isolated from reclaimed land soil of Kyehwa-do and identified as Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas sp. strain G19 produced <TEX>$7.5{\mu}g/ml$</TEX> of indole acetic acid and solubilized 25% of insoluble phosphate after 36 h cultivation. Also, G19 was able to produce a protein that was structurally homologous to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase of Pseudomonas fluorescens KACC10070 playing a role in reduction of ethylene in plant. The strain G19 increased the biomass of Chinese cabbage seedlings grown in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. The results indicated that the strain G19 promoted the growth of Chinese cabbage seedling under salinity stress through microbe-plant interactions.