gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
아랍에미리트 경제 패러다임 변화에 따른 자국민과 이주민 간 관계변화 연구 (2016)

The United Arab Emirates(UAE) has pursued a “de jure and de facto” separation policy toward immigrants under the petroeconomy for the last several...
A wideband vertical transition between co-planar waveguide and parallel-strip transmission line (2005)

A wideband vertical transition between co-planar waveguide (CPW) and parallel strip transmission line is presented. It functions as an unbalanced-to-balanced (balun) transformer as well. The transition is realized in back-to-back configurations for 50 /spl Omega/ and 75 /spl Omega/ characteristic impedance cases to verify their transition performances. The CPW-parallel strip-CPW transitions are found to have distinct resonant frequencies where the length of the parallel strips is equal to multiples of half wavelength, which is not characteristic of a single transition, but a result of two CPW-parallel strip transitions interacting with each other. Away from the resonant frequencies, the back-to-back configurations have low insertion loss over wide frequency band.
Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: in whom and how? (2010)

Epidemiology of HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85 90% of all primary liver cancer. Each year, approximately half a million people worldwide are newly diagnosed with HCC. A similar number die of HCC, thus demonstrating the dismal prognosis of this cancer. The highest HCC incidence rates are reported from regions endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including Southeast Asia (e.g. North and South Korea, China, and Vietnam) and sub-Saharan Africa (e.g. Mozambique). Chronic HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) explain the majority of HCC cases. In the United States, HCC is currently the fastest growing cause of cancer-related death. As the incidence rates for HCC have tripled in the past two decades [El-Serag and Rudolph, 2007], the distribution of HCC has shifted towards white Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals of younger ages (45 and 60 years). This increase is at least partially attributable to the rise in HCV-related HCC [El Serag, 2002].
A Conserved Active Site Tyrosine Residue of Proline Dehydrogenase Helps Enforce the Preference for Proline over Hydroxyproline as the Substrate (2009)

Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) catalyzes the oxidation of l-proline to Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. PRODHs exhibit a pronounced preference for proline over hydroxyproline (trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline) as the substrate, but the basis for specificity is unknown. The goal of this study, therefore, is to gain insight into the structural determinants of substrate specificity of this class of enzyme, with a focus on understanding how PRODHs discriminate between the two closely related molecules, proline and hydroxyproline. Two site-directed mutants of the PRODH domain of Escherichia coli PutA were created: Y540A and Y540S. Kinetics measurements were performed with both mutants. Crystal structures of Y540S complexed with hydroxyproline, proline, and the proline analogue l-tetrahydro-2-furoic acid were determined at resolutions of 1.75, 1.90, and 1.85 A, respectively. Mutation of Tyr540 increases the catalytic efficiency for hydroxyproline 3-fold and decreases the specificity for proline by factors of 20 (Y540S) and 50 (Y540A). The structures show that removal of the large phenol side chain increases the volume of the substrate-binding pocket, allowing sufficient room for the 4-hydroxyl of hydroxyproline. Furthermore, the introduced serine residue participates in recognition of hydroxyproline by forming a hydrogen bond with the 4-hydroxyl. This result has implications for understanding the substrate specificity of the related enzyme human hydroxyproline dehydrogenase, which has serine in place of tyrosine at this key active site position. The kinetic and structural results suggest that Tyr540 is an important determinant of specificity. Structurally, it serves as a negative filter for hydroxyproline by clashing with the 4-hydroxyl group of this potential substrate.
Design Aspects of High-Temperature Fatigue With Particular Reference to Thermal Stresses (1956)

Abstract A criterion for fatigue failure has been proposed, based on experiments carried out on test specimens subjected both to constrained thermal cycling and constant-temperature strain cycling. This criterion relates the number of cycles to failure with the plastic strain change per cycle. The application of such a criterion to design, where thermal-stress fatigue is the principal factor, is discussed from fundamental and practical viewpoints. From such a criterion it is possible to predict the life of a certain machine part for a calculated thermal stress, or conversely, the thermal stress permitted for a certain limiting number of cycles of stress.
Schatting van doorlaatfaktoren (k-waarden) aan de hand van in boorarchieven aanwezige boorbeschrijvingen (1996)

In het verleden werden tijdens het beschrijven van boormonsters verschillende parameters geschat waarmee het specifiek oppervlak van zandige monsters kan worden vastgesteld. Vervolgens werden met tabellen doorlatendheden berekend. Later werden ook bestaande boorbeschrijvingen van deze geschatte waarden voorzien. Met de aldus verkregen doorlatendheidscijfers kunnen gemeten waarden van ver uit elkaar gelegen meetpunten worden gecorreleerd. De boorbeschrijvingen uit de jaren zeventig zijn opnieuw bestudeerd om een trend in de bijgeschreven parameters te kunnen vinden. Het resultaat werd vastgelegd in tabellen.
Regulation of protein synthesis in root, shoot and embryonic tissues of germinating barley during salinity stress (1988)

Abstract Protein synthesis during seed germination, a stage vulnerable to salinity stress, was investigated. The responses of barley genotypes, CM72 (California Mariout 72) and Prato, toward salinity were different during seed germination. Germination of CM72 was unaffected up to 0.34 kmol m −3 (2%) NaCl, but that of Prato was reduced 30% by 0.17 kmol m 3 NaCl and 75% by 0.34 kmol m −3 NaCl. Therefore, the former genotype is relatively more salt‐tolerant than the latter. Protein synthesis in roots, shoots, and embryos was investigated in these two genotypes before and after salinity stress. The uptake of S‐methionine and its incorporation into protein were significantly reduced by salinity in both genotypes. The inhibition of global protein synthesis was significant in roots and shoots. Proteins from different tissues were resolved by single and two dimensional gels. The steady‐state protein levels were maintained remarkably well during salinity stress in roots and shoots. Likewise, proteins in germinating embryos were stable except for a 42‐kilodalton protein unique to the salt tolerant genotype which was apparently degraded during salinity stress. Salinity, around 0.34 kmol m −3 NaCl, induced both quantitative and qualitative changes in the expression of some proteins labelled in vivo. The quantitative changes included repression or enhancement of synthesis of selected groups of proteins. Around 8% of the nearly 400 resolved proteins in a tissue was affected this way. Some of the proteins in this category were specific to each genotype. About 1 % of the total showed qualitative changes; these proteins were expressed only during salinity stress. In roots, two proteins (28, 41.7 kilodaltons) were detected in CM72 and five (28, 45, 60.5, 76.5, 82.5 kilodaltons) in Prato; only the 28‐kilodalton protein was common to both genotypes. In shoots, four proteins (45, 60.5, 76.5, 82.5 kilodaltons) were found only in Prato and these were similar to those induced in roots. The four new proteins (32, 37.5, 89, 92 kilodaltons) in germinating embryos were apparently induced only in CM72; these were distinctly different from those detected in developed roots and shoots. The unique protein changes induced by salinity stress during germination (this study) and seedling growth studies reported earlier (Ramagopal, 1987b) are apparently different. The findings demonstrate that ontogeny plays an important role in the expression of tissue‐specific proteins during salinity stress in the salt tolerant and sensitive barley genotypes.
Partially Fluorinated Sulfonated Poly(ether amide) Fuel Cell Membranes: Influence of Chemical Structure on Membrane Properties (2011)

A series of fluorinated sulfonated poly (ether amide)s (SPAs) were synthesized for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. A polycondensation reaction of 4,4’-oxydianiline, 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt, and tetrafluorophenylene dicarboxylic acids (terephthalic and isophthalic) or fluoroaliphatic dicarboxylic acids produced SPAs with sulfonation degrees of 80–90%. Controlling the feed ratio of the sulfonated and unsulfonated dicarboxylic acid monomers afforded random SPAs with ion exchange capacities between 1.7 and 2.2 meq/g and good solubility in polar aprotic solvents. Their structures were characterized using NMR and FT IR spectroscopies. Tough, flexible, and transparent films were obtained with dimethylsulfoxide using a solution casting method. Most SPA membranes with 90% sulfonation degree showed high proton conductivity (>100 mS/cm) at 80 °C and 100% relative humidity. Among them, two outstanding ionomers (ODA-STA-TPA-90 and ODA-STA-IPA-90) showed proton conductivity comparable to that of Nafion 117 between 40 and 80 °C. The influence of chemical structure on the membrane properties was systematically investigated by comparing the fluorinated polymers to their hydrogenated counterparts. The results suggest that the incorporation of fluorinated moieties in the polymer backbone of the membrane reduces water absorption. High molecular weight and the resulting physical entanglement of the polymers chains played a more important role in improving stability in water, however.
Optimal cooperative content placement algorithms in hierarchical cache topologies (2012)

The tremendous growth in the use of the World Wide Web and the expansion of Video On Demand and IPTV services increase the bandwidth demands, enforcing the creation of congestion in Internet's links and the experience of big delays to the users. Replicating content at caches which are close to the users can improve the access time for them and reduce the network bandwidth usage as well. In this work, we focus on hierarchical cache topologies, as IPTV networks tend to have a mostly hierarchical tree structure, making the content placement problem in them a topic of major importance. The problem is NP-Complete in it's general form. In this paper, we make the simplifying assumption that the size of each object is equal to one. Under that assumption we show that certain instances of the content placement problem are of polynomial complexity, while we provide an algorithm for their solution. Besides, we extend the proposed algorithm to handle the general case of arbitrary object sizes. Simulation experiments for typical popularity distributions depict the performance distance between the optimal solution and some low complexity heuristic algorithms that are commonly applied nowadays.
Chemical studies of the Proteaceae. IX. Synthesis of 5-alkylresorcinols from aliphatic precursors (1976)

Methods for the aromatization of ethyl 6-alkyl-2,4-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylates, available from the base-catalysed condensation between a, ß-unsaturated esters and acetoacetic ester, and related substances have been explored. 5-Nonyl- and 5-tridecyl-resorcinol (grevillol) have been synthesized by this route but it is not suitable for the synthesis of 5-alkenylresorcinols or substances of the striatol type.
Fast full parsing by linear-chain conditional random fields (2009)

This paper presents a chunking-based discriminative approach to full parsing. We convert the task of full parsing into a series of chunking tasks and apply a conditional random field (CRF) model to each level of chunking. The probability of an entire parse tree is computed as the product of the probabilities of individual chunking results. The parsing is performed in a bottom-up manner and the best derivation is efficiently obtained by using a depth-first search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that this simple parsing framework produces a fast and reasonably accurate parser.
[Modern technologies of diagnosis and combined surgical treatment in liver tumors]. (2003)

Modern technologies used at St. Petersburg Central Research Institute of Roentgenology and Radiotherapy of Russia's Ministry of Health in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant and benign liver cancers are surveyed in the paper. Apart from routine examinations, like ultrasound scanning, computer tomography, MRT, angiography, the below new technologies were widely used: multi-stratum spiral computer tomography, special MRT techniques and positron-emission tomography. The new methods enabled us to diagnose the tumor and its extension, to choose an optimal intervention technique, to make an objective assessment of the results and to correct the treatment strategy. Preoperative embolization of the portal-vein branches in the damaged hepatic lobe and postoperative adjuvant local chemotherapy of the hepatic artery and portal vein belong to the new combined surgical treatment scheme. The method of combined arterial-portal chemoembolization, used in unresectable malignant hepatic pathologies, extends the survival of patients by 3-5 times. Ferromagnetic embolization presupposes the administration of ferromagnetic, through the arterial bed or direct puncture, into the tumor with a subsequent SHF-current treatment which brings about a selective tumor hyperthermia without heating the normal hepatic parenchyma. Arterial embolization combined with local injection sclerotherapy in hemangiomas of the liver provides for a complete regeneration of benign tumors and can be regarded as a low-trauma alternative to liver resection. The use of new methods of diagnosis and treatment expands the possibilities of surgical care for patients with hepatic neoplasms and essentially improves the treatment results.
Image/video processing techniques : header compression and post-processing (2010)

Image/video processing techniques : header compression and post-processing by Wen Yang thesis 2010 xii, 89 p. : ill. ; 30 cm Multimedia which has been in existence for centuries has greatly impacted the world. The popularity of multimedia in our…Read more ›
Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction. A treatable cause of short stature. (1984)

Pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion was assessed in a subgroup of short children to determine whether they had GH secretory abnormalities, and these results were compared with those of normal and GH-deficient children. This subgroup of children was defined as having GH neurosecretory dysfunction and met the following criteria: height, less than first percentile; growth velocity, 4 cm/yr or less; bone age, two or more years behind chronological age, normal findings from provocative GH tests (peak, greater than or equal to 10 ng/mL), low somatomedin-C level, and abnormal 24-hour GH secretory patterns. When compared with controls, both children with GH neurosecretory dysfunction and GH-deficient patients had a significant decrease in parameters relating to the total GH secretion during the 24-hour period. As with GH-deficient children, the group with GH neurosecretory dysfunction more than doubled their growth velocity after replacement therapy with exogenous human GH during the first year of treatment. As a result of these detailed studies on pulsatile GH secretion, we suggest that there is a spectrum of GH secretory abnormalities from absolute deficiency to an intermittent irregularity in GH secretion.
A Cluster-Based Approach for Semantic Similarity in the Biomedical Domain (2006)

We propose a new cluster-based semantic similarity/distance measure for the biomedical domain within the framework of UMLS. The proposed measure is based mainly on the cross-modified path length feature between the concept nodes, and two new features: (1) the common specificity of two concept nodes, and (2) the local granularity of the clusters. We also applied, for comparison purpose, five existing general English ontology-based similarity measures into the biomedical domain within UMLS. The proposed measure was evaluated relative to human experts' ratings, and compared with the existing techniques using two ontologies (MeSH and SNOMED-CT) in UMLS. The experimental results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed method, and showed that our similarity measure gives the best overall results of correlation with human ratings. We show, further, that using MeSH ontology produces better semantic correlations with human experts' scores than SNOMED-CT in all of the tested measures.
원보 : 프로스타글란딘 유도체의 합성과 그의 생물학적 활성에 관한 연구 ; 2. 위궤양과 위산분비에 대한 프로스타글란딘 유도체의 효과 (1995)

The antiulcer effects of newly synthesized prostaglandin derivatives were investigated in various experimental ulcer models and on gastric secretion in rats. HK-3 and HK-4, PGE₂ derivatives, prevented the formation of acute gastric ulcer induced by ethanol or aspirin in pylorus-ligated rats. The ulcer formation was moderately inhibited by HK-1 and HK-2, PGF_(2α) derivatives, and aggravated by SK-1, SK-2 and SK-3, PGF_(2α) derivatives. HK-3 and HK-4 reduced the volume, acid output and pepsin output of gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. The gastric perfusion with physiologic saline(pH 6.0) showed relatively constant acid secretion and indomethacin increased the acid secretion. The acid secretion was markedly decreased by PGE₂ but PGF_(2α) caused little change. Prostaglandin derivatives, especially HK-3 and HK-4, significantly inhibited the acid secretion induced by indomethacin. The results show that, PGE₂ derivatives, HK-3 and HK-4, inhibit acid secretion and also have protective effects on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol or aspirin.
An efficient and effective algorithm for density biased sampling (2002)

In this paper we describe a new density-biased sampling algorithm. It exploits spatial indexes and the local density information they preserve, to provide improved quality of sampling result and fast access to elements of the dataset. It attains improved sampling quality, with respect to factors like skew, noise or dimensionality. Moreover, it has the advantage of efficiently handling dynamic updates, and it requires low execution times. The performance of the proposed method is examined experimentally. The comparative results illustrate its superiority over existing methods.
Synovial fluid lipids in normal individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1962)

Abstract Normal human synovial fluid contains trace amounts of phospholipids and cholesterol. Phospholipid composition is similar to that in serum. Rheumatoid synovial fluid contains increased amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, and neutral lipids. In most cases the concentration is 40 to 60 per cent of that found in simultaneously collected serum specimens. A direct relationship appears to exist between total synovial fluid protein and lipid concentration. No relationship could be established between lipid content in rheumatoid synovial fluid, and total cell content, hyaluronic acid, severity or duration of synovitis in the involved joint.
A graphical design environment for distributed real-time systems (2003)

The authors present a graphics-oriented environment, focusing on programming-in-the-large aspects. They cover all design steps from the initial requirements specification to a detailed description of the distributed system structure, its information exchange, and the real-time software executed in each component. All integrated design tools are highly interactive, providing the user with advanced graphical techniques. The implementation of the entire design environment is based on the X window system and the Unix operating system and can thus be used on an increasing number of low-cost workstations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Implementation of a Blockchain-Based Event Reselling System (2019)

We propose a blockchain-based reseller system that ensures the ownership of the products, prevents multiple selling, and guarantees the transfer of the ownership. The system employs mutual collateral method to prevent any dishonest behavior by both seller and buyer. This system is built on Ethereum blockchain to maintain the public record of transactions and uses ERC-721 tokens to define the traded goods. Sellers must confirm their identity with a valid MetaMask account and pay a first-time registration fee. The smart contract utilizes the OpenZeppelin library's Ownable. sol contract to implement the transfer of ownership securely. Users interact with the blockchain through a web interface that holds a MySQL database. In this paper, we present the system architecture, database schemas, operating sequence, sample code segments, and testing methods with an example of event ticket reselling. This system can create a secure, transparent, and trusted reselling service.
Estimating the Frequency of Lyme Disease Diagnoses, United States, 2010–2018 (2021)

By using commercial insurance claims data, we estimated that Lyme disease was diagnosed and treated in ≈476,000 patients in the United States annually during 2010-2018. Our results underscore the need for accurate diagnosis and improved prevention.
Functional adaptation of presynaptic chemokine receptors in EAE mouse central nervous system (2014)

In cortical synaptosomes of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice at the early stage of disease (13 days post immunization, d.p.i.), the Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES, CCL5)-mediated control of [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-ASP) exocytosis elicited by a mild depolarizing stimulus (12 mM KCl) shifted from inhibition to facilitation. By using selective antagonists for the chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, 3, and 5 subtypes, we found that the pharmacological profile of the receptor(s) accounting for CCL5-mediated effect was unaltered when compared to control. Inasmuch, CCR protein expression was unaltered. This studies was not extended at 21 d.p.i. since, at this stage, CCL5 failed to affect [3H]D-ASP exocytosis. At 13 d.p.i., the expression of CCR proteins was largely conserved when compared to control. In spinal cord synaptosomes of EAE mice at 21 d.p.i., when presynaptic defects became evident, the [3H]D-ASP exocytosis elicited by 15 mM KCl was significantly increased when compared to control and it was significantly potentiated by 1 nM CCL5. The antagonist pharmacological profile and the western blot analysis of the CCR proteins unveiled that the receptor repertoire involved was unmodified. Differently from controls, however, the CCR1 antagonist BX513 efficiently inhibited on its own [3H]D-ASP exocytosis suggesting that this receptor could have adopted an active conformation. Altogether, our observations favor the use of CCR antagonists to the cure of neurological symptoms in patients suffering from demyelinating syndrome.
Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. VI. The Ce2S3–Ce3S4 type of structure (1949)

The compounds Ce2S3, La2S3, Pu2S3, Ac2S3 and Am2S3 are shown to be iso-structural. The structure is cubic with sixteen sulfur atoms and 10⅔ metal atoms per unit cube. The unit-cell constant for the prototypic compound Ce2S3 is a = 8.6173 ± 0.0005 kX. The metal atoms are randomly distributed over twelve-fold positions such that on the average every ninth site is vacant. The space group is I{\overline 4}3d–T{_d^6} and the atomic positions are: (0, 0, 0), (½, ½, ½)+; 10⅔ Ce in (¼, {3 \over 8}, 0)↶; (¾, {1 \over 8}, 0)↶. 16 S in (x, x, x); (x+½, ½−x, {\overline x})↶; (x+¼, x+¼, x+¼); (¾+x, ¼−x, ¾−x)↶; with x= 0.083 ± 0.015. For Ce2S3 the homogeneity range of the phase extends to the composition Ce3S4 corresponding to all metal sites being filled.