gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threshold voltage controlled 0.1-μm MOSFET utilizing inversion layer as extreme shallow source/drain (2002)

MOSFETs containing sub-gates as sidewall spacers of the main gate are fabricated. The inversion layers induced in these MOSFETs by the sub-gates are used as source and drain, in order to investigate how the extremely shallow junction affects the short channel characteristics of MOSFETs. Significant improvement in the short channel characteristics is observed in comparison with conventional MOSFETs whose junctions are formed by ion implantation. These new MOSFETs do not show threshold voltage roll-off at the defined gate length around 0.1 /spl mu/m, and punchthrough is not observed down to 0.07 /spl mu/m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segmentation of Synthetic-Aperture Radar imagery of sea ice (1994)

Abstract This paper describes a 'segmentation' algorithm, which has been designed for Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) sea-ice images as part of the U.K. Earth Observation Data Centre (EODC) Science Team activity. The segmented sea-ice product consists of distinct, statistically-homogeneous regions of ice and water from which various atttributes can be determined, such as area, centroid position, mean intensity and standard deviation, shape, orientation and texture. Such attributes are important in providing a template from which it is possible to derive information such as ice type, concentration and dynamics, the position of the ice edge, and the characteristics of leads and polynyas. Although the method has been developed for processing ERS-1 data, it is demonstrated in this work using both simulations and SAR sea-ice data obtained from the Seasat campaign of 1978, as ERS-1 data were not yet available at the t ime of implementation. Additional informationNotes on contributorsL. M. J. BROWN Present address: Operational Research Unit, Scientific Civil Service, New King's Beam House, 22 Upper Ground, London, SE1 9PJ, England, U.K. N. J. VECK Present address: NRSC LTD., Delta House, Southwood Crescent, Southwood, Farn-borough, Hants, GU14 0NL, England, U.K.
Early capture for boundary scan timing measurements (2002)

Analog waveforms and delays can be measured using a simple extension of the IEEE 1149.X standards. Early capture samples data on a falling edge of TMS during the Update-DR state. Experiments suggest sub-nanosecond timing resolution.
Generation of surface acoustic waves on doped semiconductor substrates (2017)

We report on the electrical generation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on doped semiconductor substrates. This is implemented by using interdigital transducers (IDTs) placed on piezoelectric ZnO films sputtered onto evaporated thin metal layers. Two material systems are investigated, namely ZnO/Au/GaAs and ZnO/Ni/InP. The rf-field applied to the transducer is electrically screened by the highly conductive metal film underneath the ZnO film without any extra ohmic losses. As a result, absorption of the rf-field by the mobile carriers in the lossy doped region underneath the IDT is avoided, ensuring efficient SAW generation. We find that the growth temperature of the ZnO film on the metal layer affects its structure and, thus, the efficiency of SAW generation. With this technique, the SAW active layers can be placed close to doped layers, expanding the application range of SAWs in semiconductor devices.
Cation derived from BH2+ and acetonitrile (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation derived from BH2+ and acetonitrileGeorge E. Ryschkewitsch and K. ZutshiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 2, 411–412Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50084a057Request reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (290 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Respiratory influence on heart rate in diabetes mellitus. (1979)

To find a simple and accurate test of autonomic nervous dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, 41 insulin-dependent diabetics and 25 controls were investigated. The diabetics, none of whom had symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, were tested for retinopathy and sensory neuropathy. Each subject also performed maximal deep-breathing procedures while undergoing electrocardiographic recording: in normal subjects the intervals are shortened during inspiration and prolonged during expiration, and a difference in the heart rate between inspiration and expiration of 10% or less seems to indicate autonomic dysfunction. This difference was calculated as an E:I ratio of the mean of the longest R-R interval during maximal expiration to the mean of the shortest during maximal inspiration. Ten of the 18 patients found to have sensory neuropathy had abnormal E:I ratios, and among those with absent ankle reflexes the proportion was even higher (9 out of 11). The E:I ratio also seemed to be as accurate as traditional tests for autonomic dysfunction and easier to perform. Diabetics with autonomic dysfunction have an increased risk of acute cardiorespiratory death during and after surgery, and maximal deep breathing and calculation of the E:I ratio may be a useful test to perform on diabetics at risk.
Network Model of the Middle Ear (1961)

The fine-structure acoustic-impedance curve of the ear obtained from normal humans in vivo is used to develop a network model of the middle ear. First a model representing the middle ear during stapedius muscle contraction is constructed, representing the middle ear with the stapes blocked. A further development adds a circuit corresponding to the input impedance of the cochlea as seen from the stapes. To decrease the influence of the eardrum itself, the eardrum was coated with collodion. Good agreement is found between the input impedance measured at the ear and calculated from the model over the range investigated, from 200 to 1800 cps. The effect of the collodion coating is investigated and the earlier model is modified to fit the input impedance of the uncoated ear. The agreement is not so good as in the case of coated drum. The reason is suggested to lie in the complicated motion of the uncoated eardrum, which could not be represented by the simple circuit of the model.
Role of a Heterogeneous Free State in the Formation of a Specific RNA−Theophylline Complex (2003)

The helical regions of RNA are generally very stable, but the single-stranded and loop regions often exist as an ensemble of conformations in solution. The theophylline-binding RNA aptamer forms a very stable structure when bound to the bronchodilator theophylline, but the theophylline binding site is not stably formed in the absence of ligand. The kinetics for theophylline binding were measured here by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy to probe the mechanism for theophylline binding in this RNA aptamer. The kinetic studies showed that formation of the RNA-theophylline complex is over 1000 times slower than a diffusion-controlled rate, and the high affinity of the RNA-theophylline complex arises primarily from a slow dissociation rate for the complex. A theophylline-independent rate was observed for formation of the theophylline-RNA complex at high theophylline concentration, indicating that a conformational change in the RNA is the rate-limiting step in complex formation under these conditions. The RNA-theophylline complex requires divalent metal ions, such as Mg2+, to form a high-affinity complex, and there is a greater than 10000-fold reduction in affinity for theophylline in the absence of Mg2+. This decrease in binding affinity in the absence of Mg2+ results primarily from an increased dissociation rate for the complex. The implications of an ensemble of conformations in the free state of this theophylline-binding RNA are discussed and compared with mechanisms for formation of protein-ligand complexes.
Statistics for the Social Sciences (1997)

Why learn statistics? describing data probability discrete random variables continuous random variables sampling distributions hypothesis testing and confidence intervals comparing two independent groups ANOVA - comparing two or more groups two-way designs comparing dependent groups multiple comparisons correlation and regression categorical data methods based on ranks.
Optoelectronic resonator neural networks (1987)

An associative memory is described which utilizes a hologram in a hybrid optoelectronic resonator. The nonlinear end mirrors of the resonator are two sets of video detectors and spatial light modulators which act as pseudoconjugators. The transformation properties of the end mirrors are programmable which allows the real-time selection of various associative pathways. An extension of the system to multilayer neural network models, in particular a backpropagation network, is also described.
Research on surfactant polymer oil recovery systems. Project status report, first quarter: June 1--August 31, 1978 (1978)

Research during the period is reported on interfacial phenomena, polymer rheology and fluid mechanics, thermodynamic properties, and rock/fluid interactions. (JRD)
The design of a squarer-ring slot antenna for circular polarization (2005)

A new design of a circularly polarized square-ring slot antenna is proposed. The circular polarization is achieved by a series microstrip-line-feed configuration coupling to two orthogonal sides of the square-ring slot. A parametric study is conducted using a commercial simulation software based on the method of moments, and the design procedure is established. The required ground-plane size of the proposed design for a given frequency is also indicated. Three antenna prototypes respectively operated at distinct frequency bands are constructed and measured for providing the simulation validation. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna has good circularly polarized radiations and the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth is more than 6%.
[A clinical study of selective gut decolonization in 204 long-term ventilated intensive care patients undergoing abdominal and accident surgery]. (1989)

In a randomized clinical trial the effects of selective digestive decolonization (SDD) on the frequency of pneumonia and sepsis and the rate of lethality as well as the resistance quota and colonization of bacteria were studied in 102 surgical ICU-patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. These patients received non-resorbable antibiotics: 4 x 100 mg of polymyxin B, 4 x 500 mg of amphotericin B, and 4 x 80 mg of tobramycin via gastric tube. One hundred and two patients served as controls. Patients with an expected period of mechanical ventilation of more than 4 days were included into the study. In both groups there were no significant differences regarding the degree of severity of the primary disease. The rate of pneumonia in the SDD-group was significantly lower after the third day compared with the frequency in the control group. The rate of sepsis was significantly lower after the thirteenth day, and the survival rate in the SDD-group was significantly higher after the twenty-fourth day of artificial ventilation compared with the control group. A significant reduction of the incidence of potential pathogenic gram-negative aerobe germs detected bronchially and rectally could be demonstrated within the first week in patients of the SDD-group. A secondary colonization of the oropharynx in patients of the SDD-group could not be observed. 38.8% of the patients in the control group showed potentially pathogenic microorganisms in oropharyngeal swabs. A development of resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa against tobramycin occurred in 2.3% of the patients in the SDD-group and in 3.1% of the patients in the control group. It can be concluded that the administration of non-resorbable antimicrobials against gram-negative aerobes is an effective method for prevention of potentially fatal pneumonia and sepsis, and for the first time a significant improvement of the survival rate could be demonstrated.
Heart rate monitoring using human speech spectral features (2015)

Abstract This paper attempts to establish a correlation between the human speech, emotions and human heart rate. The study highlights a possible contactless human heart rate measurement technique useful for monitoring of patient condition from real-time speech recordings. The distance between the average peak-to-peak distances in speech Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are used as the speech features. The features when tested on 20 classifiers from the data collected from 30 subjects indicate a non-separable classification problem, however, the classification accuracies indicate the existence of strong correlation between the human speech, emotion and heart-rates.
Uraemic toxins and new methods to control their accumulation: game changers for the concept of dialysis adequacy (2015)

The current concept of an adequate dialysis based only on the dialysis process itself is rather limited. We now have considerable knowledge of uraemic toxicity and improved tools for limiting uraemic toxin accumulation. It is time to make use of these. A broader concept of adequacy that focusses on uraemic toxicity is required. As discussed in the present review, adequacy could be achieved by many different methods in combination with, or instead of, dialysis. These include preservation of renal function, dietary intake, reducing uraemic toxin generation rate and intestinal absorption, isolated ultrafiltration and extracorporeal adsorption of key uraemic toxins. A better measure of the quality of dialysis treatment would quantify the uraemic state in the patient using levels of a panel of key uraemic toxins. Treatment would focus on controlling uraemic toxicity while reducing harm or inconvenience to the patient. Delivering more dialysis might not be the best way to achieve this.
The Organization and Functions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (I.U.P.A.C.) (1960)

Article The Organization and Functions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (I.U.P.A.C.) was published on January 1, 1960 in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (volume 1, issue 1).
Construction of Short Block Length IRA Codes Based on Modified IPEG Algorithm (2008)

Based on the particular structure of irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) codes, a weight function is given for codeword weight computing. Then, we propose a modification to the improved progressive-edge-growth (IPEG) algorithm. The modified IPEG algorithm gives degree-2 variable nodes more protection and tries to avoid low weight code-words corresponding to weight-one and weight-two encoder inputs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of short block length IRA codes at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region with no sacrifice in low-SNR performance.
The Symmetries of Things (2016)

Start with a single shape. Repeat it in some way—translation, reflection over a line, rotation around a point—and you have created symmetry. Symmetry is a fundamental phenomenon in art, science, and nature that has been captured, described, and analyzed using mathematical concepts for a long time. Inspired by the geometric intuition of Bill Thurston and empowered by his own analytical skills, John Conway, with his coauthors, has developed a comprehensive mathematical theory of symmetry that allows the description and classification of symmetries in numerous geometric environments. This richly and compellingly illustrated book addresses the phenomenological, analytical, and mathematical aspects of symmetry on three levels that build on one another and will speak to interested lay people, artists, working mathematicians, and researchers.
Color Categories in Thought and Language (1997)

In the late 1960s, Berlin and Kay argued that there are commonalities of basic colour term use that extend across languages and cultures, and probably express universal features of perception and cognition. In 1992, at the Asilomar Conference Centre, visual scientists and psychologists met with linguists and anthropologists for the first time to examine how these claims have fared in the light of current knowledge. To what extent can cross-cultural regularities be explained by the operation of the human visual system? What can the study of colour categorisation tell us about concept formation? Are the Berlin-Kay results an artifact of their methods? What tools have been and should be used to probe the structure of human colour categories? In this volume, which arose from that conference but also incorporates new work, a distinguished team of contributors survey key ideas, results and techniques from the study of human colour vision, as well as field methods and theoretical interpretations drawn from linguistic anthropology.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Strength and p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Determination of <i>N</i>,<i>N‘</i>-Disubstituted Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamides (2004)

N,N'-Disubstituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamides (I45DCs) form an intramolecular hydrogen bond worth an estimated 14 +/- 1 kcal/mol, as measured with a model structure in DMSO-d6 at 3 mM, thereby predisposing the molecular conformation to a folded rather than extended form. The I45DCs also show evidence of aggregation in both CDCl3 (>1 mM) and DMSO-d6 (>10 mM) solutions. These compounds are uncharacteristically weak bases in comparison with imidazoles bearing similar electron-withdrawing groups.
Nanostructured Cobalt Oxide Clusters in Mesoporous Silica as Efficient Oxygen‐Evolving Catalysts (2009)

Abstract Leicht, günstig, effizient : Co 3 O 4 ‐Nanostrukturen (siehe Bild) in mesoporösem Siliciumoxid sind die ersten nanometergroßen Mehrelektronenkatalysatoren mit einem Übergangsmetalloxid der ersten Periode, die Wasser unter Bildung von Sauerstoff effizient spalten. Die sehr große Oberfläche der Nanostabbündel trägt wesentlich zur hohen Umsatzfrequenz bei. magnified image
轻型装甲车“走秀” 芬兰帕特里亚车辆公司：AMV模块化装甲车 (2003)

随着本期最后11名“车模”的登场，轻型装甲车在《环球军事》的第一次“走秀”也将落下帷幕。喜欢军车的读者朋友们从6月底开始接边4期欣赏了4场各式“车模”的“表演”，由于“场地”的“限制”，可能会让人觉行不够尽兴。别急，我们今后将会为一些著名的默默无闻的“车模”们提供一个“单独表演的舞台”，等着我，让你一次看个够！下次回来再见，我的朋友们。
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF 3‐METHYL AND 2,3‐DIMETHYL ETHERS OF ASCORBIC ACID (1978)

Abstract Methylierung von Ascorbinsäure (II) mit äquimolekularer bzw. überschüssiger Menge Diazomethan in Methanol, anschließende Aufarbeitung der Reaktionsgemische unter ermittelten optimalen Bedingungen und Chromatographie an Silicagel ("Grade‐2") bzw. Cellulose ergibt den Ether (I) bzw. den Diether (III).
A method for improving mobile authentication using human spatio-temporal behavior (2013)

Integration of NFC radios into smartphones is expediting the adoption of mobile devices as the preferred method for accessing physical locations, bank accounts, and other valuable resources. The pervasive nature of authentication using these mobile devices, however, comes with increased security considerations stemming from the possibility of physical loss of the device. To minimize the risk caused by stolen devices, this paper introduces a method for confirming the identity of a device's user based on her recent macroscopic behavior over space and time. The user's behavior is continuously recorded by a set of devices embedded in the environment (e.g., Wi-Fi Access Point) and used to train a probabilistic n-gram model. Subsequently, deviations caused by stolen devices can be detected by comparing the user's recent behavior against the trained model. Our first evaluation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to detect anomalies in the user's behavior without generating a significant number of false alarms.
Full waveform inversion of walk-away VSP data (2007)

Depletion of the earth s hydrocarbon reserves has led to exploration and production in increasingly complex environments. Imaging beneath allochthonous salt (e.g. salt domes) remains a challenging task for seismic techniques due to the large velocity contrast of the salt with neighbouring sediments and the very complex structures generated by salt movement. Extensive allochthonous salt sheets cover many potentially productive regions in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. Drilling through the base of salt is an extremely challenging task due to widely varying pore-pressure found in the sediments beneath. Seismic methods to estimate the seismic velocity can be used in conjunction with empirical formula to predict the pore pressure. However, accurate measurements are often not possible from surface reflection seismic data, so walk-away Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data has been used. This involves repeatedly firing a seismic source at various distances from the borehole (usually an airgun array) while recording the velocities measured by geophones in the borehole placed at appropriate depths near the base of the salt. Before this thesis, the data had been processed using the amplitude versus angle information in a simple one-dimension approximation or using travel time information (also using a 1D assumption). In this thesis, I have used 2D full waveform inversion to tackle the problem of velocity estimation. This has the advantage of simultaneously inverting the whole dataset (including transmitted waves, reflected waves, converted waves) and the method includes traveltime and amplitude information. The inversion was performed using local inversion methods due to the size of the inverse problem and the cost of the forward problem. Concerns over large sensitivity variations, that are inherent in the data acquisition, have lead to an examination of the Gauss-Newton method and possible preconditioning matrices for the conjugate gradient method. Due to the poorly constrained nature of the inverse problem, a smoothness constraint has been applied with an innovative preconditioning method. The methodology has been applied to real data and the pore pressure has been predicted using the well established Eaton equation. In addition, the sub-salt structure was recovered, further demonstrating the value of this technique
IMPLICATIONS OF CROP YIELD AND REVENUE INSURANCE FOR PRODUCER HEDGING (2000)

New types of crop insurance have expanded the tools from which crop producers may choose to manage risk. Little is known regarding how these products interact with futures and options. This analysis examines optimal futures and put ratios in the presence of four alternative insurance coverages. An analytical model investigates the comparative statics of the relationship between hedging and insurance. Additional numerical analysis is conducted which incorporates futures price, basis, and yield variability. Yield insurance is found to have a positive effect on hedging levels. Revenue insurance tends to result in slightly lower hedging demand than would occur given the same level of yield insurance coverage.