gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint and skeletal deformities in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy (2006)

The objective of this study is to characterize clinical features of joint and skeletal deformities in Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Clinical information including age, gender, presence of deformity, initial symptom side, neuropsychological and motor features, family history, and treatment with levodopa/dopamine agonists was collected on consecutive patients with PD, MSA, and PSP evaluated at the Movement Disorders Clinic at Baylor College of Medicine. In this series of 202 patients, 36.1% had deformities of the limbs, neck, or trunk, including 33.5% of PD, 68.4% of MSA, and 26.3% of PSP patients. "Striatal" hand and foot deformities were present in 13.4%, involuntary trunk flexion in 12.9%, anterocollis in 9.4%, and scoliosis in 8.4% of all patients. Patients with these joint and skeletal deformities had higher mean Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores (57.4 vs. 46.6; P < 0.01) and were more often treated with levodopa (69.9% vs. 50.4%; P < 0.01) than patients without deformity, independent of disease duration. Patients with striatal deformity were younger than patients without deformity (mean 60.4 vs. 68.6 years; P < 0.01), and they tended to have an earlier age of onset of initial parkinsonian symptoms (mean 54.7 vs. 62.5 years; P < 0.01). Furthermore, the side of striatal deformity correlated with the side of initial parkinsonian symptoms in all patients (100%) with striatal hand and in 83.3% of patients with striatal foot. Joint and skeletal deformities are common and frequently under-recognized features of PD, MSA, and PSP that often cause marked functional disability independent of other motor symptoms.
Just Taxation—A Positive Solution (1958)

We may begin by assuming that there are only two categories of taxpayers: one, A, relatively well-to-do, and the other, B, relatively poor.Within each category all individuals must pay the same price for their participation in public consumption. The problem is the relative amount of the two prices, i.e. the distribution of the total cost of the collective goods between the two groups.KeywordsCollective ActivityEquilibrium PositionPolitical PowerMarginal UtilityPublic ActivityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
High-temperature stability of the phase composition of langasite family crystals (2014)

Thermal stability of the phase composition of langasite family crystals is studied by means of high-temperature X-ray diffractometry upon heating in vacuo and in air. Upon heating above 1000°C in vacuo, the partial decomposition of the initial phase is observed in La3Ga5SiO14, La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14, and Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 crystals; this is accompanied by the emergence of gallium-depleted oxides of the main elements, due to the formation of volatile gallium protoxide and the loss of gallium in the surface layer of the crystals. Langasite family crystals are found to be stable when annealed in air up to a temperature of 1200°C.
Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Cancers (2015)

Vegetarian diets are associated with an overall lower incidence of colorectal cancers. Pescovegetarians in particular have a much lower risk compared with nonvegetarians. If such associations are causal, they may be important for primary prevention of colorectal cancers.
Estimation of image noise in PET using the bootstrap method (2002)

The bootstrap method applied to positron emission tomography (PET) data was evaluated as a technique to determine regional image noise in PET. To validate the method, 250 scans (5 min each) of a uniform cylinder filled with /sup 68/Ge was acquired and reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP). A single 5-min list mode scan was also acquired. From the list mode data, 250 bootstrap replicates were generated by randomly drawing, with replacement, prompt and random events. In each replicate, the total numbers of prompt and random events were kept identical to the number in the original list mode data set. The 250 individual scans, and the bootstrap replicates, were reconstructed using FBP and ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM). Mean and standard-deviation (SD) images were generated from the reconstructed images. Mean and SD were also calculated in a central region of the image sets. Visual inspection showed no appreciable difference between the SD images derived from the repeated scans and the bootstrap replicates. Profiles through the images, showed no significant difference between image sets. Using an increased number of bootstrap replicates produced less noise in the SD images. Region of interest analysis showed, that the SDs derived from the bootstrap replicates were very close to the ones derived from the repeat scans, independent of reconstruction algorithm. The results indicate that the bootstrap method can accurately estimate regional image noise in PET. This could potentially provide a method to accurately compare image noise in phantom and patient data under various imaging and processing conditions, without the need for repeat scans.
Downscaling Metal—Oxide Thin-Film Transistors to Sub-50 nm in an Exquisite Film-Profile Engineering Approach (2017)

We report an exquisite, film-profile-engineering approach for producing nanometer-scale channel-length (L) ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs). The scheme is based on a unique laminated structure in conjunction with a well-designed etching process for building a slender, suspending bridge that shadows the subsequent deposition of pivotal thin films of ZnO and gate oxide as well as simultaneously defines L of the TFTs. With the approach, we have ingeniously downscaled L of ZnO TFTs to as short as 10 nm. The experimental ZnO TFTs of L = 50 and 30 nm, respectively, exhibit excellent performance in terms of high on/off current ratio of 7.9 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> and 4.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , superior subthreshold swing of 92 and 95 mV/decade, and small drain induced barrier lowering of 0.1 and 0.29 V/V. Remarkably the nanometer-scale ZnO TFTs possess excellent device uniformity. Furthermore, the precise control over the geometrical sizes for the channel length enables the fabrication of ultrashort ZnO TFTs of L as short as 10 nm with reasonable gate transfer characteristics.
Efficacy of Bevacizumab-Capecitabine in Combination for the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (2011)

There is an ongoing need for development of new chemotherapeutic regimens for metastatic breast cancer [mBC], especially when tumors lack therapeutic targets such as the estrogen or progesterone receptor [ER/PR], or the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [HER2]. Capecitabine is an orally bioavailable fluoropyrimidine approved for monotherapy in mBC, and bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor which has shown to be active in mBC and tolerable in combination with other chemotherapeutics. The combination of these two agents has been explored in multiple phase II and III clinical studies, with improvements in progression-free survival and overall response rates noted as compared to capecitabine monotherapy. However, the use of bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine and other chemotherapy agents for mBC remains beset with controversy due to safety concerns, cost issues, and pending regulatory decisions.
Generation of Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vectors by a Complete Adenovirus-Mediated Approach (2001)

An efficient approach to the large-scale production of rAAV will significantly facilitate the application of this promising gene delivery vector in human gene therapy applications. In this study, we report a novel approach to rAAV production that is based exclusively on the adenovirus vector, without the need for plasmid transfections and special packaging cell lines. All components required for rAAV production, including the rep and cap genes, and the therapeutic gene(s) are delivered to the widely used 293 packaging cell line by adenovirus vectors. High-titer rAAV vectors (200-600 infectious units/producer cell) were obtained by use of this approach. As adenovirus vectors can be produced to high titers and they can infect cells in suspension efficiently, this approach may be amenable to scaled-up production of rAAV vectors.
Icing effects on aircraft stability and control determined from flight data - Preliminary results (1993)

The effects of airframe icing on the stability and control characteristics of the NASA DH-6 Twin Otter icing research aircraft were investigated by flight test. The flight program was developed to obtain the stability and control parameters of the DH-6 in a baseline ('uniced') configuration and an 'artificially iced' configuration for specified thrust conditions. Stability and control parameter identification maneuvers were performed over a wide range of angles of attack for wing flaps retracted (0 deg) and wing flaps partially deflected (10 deg). Engine power was adjusted to hold thrust constant at one of three thrust coefficients (C(sub T) = 0.14, C(sub T) = 0.07, C(subT) = 0.00). This paper presents only the pitching- and yawing-moment results from the flight test program. Stability and control parameters were estimated for the uniced and artificially iced configurations using a modified stepwise regression algorithm. Comparisons of the uniced and iced stability and control parameters are presented for the majority of the flight envelope. The artificial ice reduced the elevator and rudder control effectiveness by 12 percent and 8 percent respectively for the 0 deg flap setting. The longitudinal static stability was also decreased substantially (approximately 10 percent) because of the tail ice. Further discussion is provided to explain some of the effects of ice on the stability and control parameters.
Method for alkylating lactones (1973)

J. L. Herrmann and R. H. Schlessinger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 711 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000711
External genital organs in male mummies from Qurna, Egypt. (1989)

The external genital organs were examined in 18 ancient Egyptian male mummies from the Tombs Nos. 317 and 178 at Qurna, Egypt, dating from the 18th Dynasty of New Kingdom to the Ptolemaic stage of the Graeco-Roman period. The penises were kept intact in only three out of 11 adult (27.3%) and in two out of three child mummies (66.7%). The observations showed that the ritual of circumcision in boys at puberty was widely prevalent in the ancient Egypt. The penises were totally or partially cut off in five adult mummies. A model of the penis and scrotum made of resin gilded was laid just below the true external genital organs kept intact in an adult mummy. The penises were elongated in three adult and one child mummies. The elongated penises were often supported or covered with the scrotum deformed. It was suggested that the treatment of the external male genital organs with special care and attention in the mummification process might be derived from the tales of Osiris's body reconstituted by Isis in the Egyptian mythology.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin is a Bioscaffold and Reservoir of Growth Factors for Tissue Regeneration (2010)

The platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is known as a rich source of autologous cytokines and growth factors and universally used for tissue regeneration in current clinical medicine. However, the microstructure of PRF has not been fully investigated nor have been studied the key molecules that differ PRF from platelet-rich plasma. We fabricated PRF under Choukroun's protocol and produced its extract (PRFe) by freezing at -80°C. The conventional histological, immunohistological staining, and scanning electron microscopy images showed the microstructure of PRF, appearing as two zones, the zone of platelets and the zone of fibrin, which resembled a mesh containing blood cells. The PRFe increased proliferation, migration, and promoted differentiation of the human alveolar bone marrow stem cells (hABMSCs) at 0.5% concentration in vitro. From the results of proteome array, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and Serpin E1 were detected especially in PRFe but not in concentrated platelet-rich plasma. Simultaneous elevation of MMP9, CD44, and transforming growth factor β-1 receptor was shown at 0.5% PRFe treatment to the hABMSC in immunoblot. Mineralization assay showed that MMP9 directly regulated mineralization differentiation of hABMSC. Transplantation of the fresh PRF into the mouse calvarias enhanced regeneration of the critical-sized defect. Our results strongly support the new characteristics of PRF as a bioscaffold and reservoir of growth factors for tissue regeneration.
A Chiral Amino-Naphthalene-Derived Prolinamide Catalyst for the Enantioselective Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins (2012)

An enantioselective Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins has been accomplished using a novel chiral amino-naphthalene-derived prolinamides catalyst 1. The desired Michael adducts were obtained in high yields (up to 93%) as well as good diastereoselectivities (>99:1) and enantioselectivities (48%-99% ee).
Microbiological and chemical characteristics of Brazilian kefir during fermentation and storage processes (2013)

The microbial community composition and chemical characteristics of a Brazilian milk kefir sample produced during its manufacturing and refrigerated storage were investigated by culture-dependent and -independent methods and HPLC. Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and ssp. lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Acetobacter lovaniensis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated, whereas the detected bands on denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis corresponded to Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus parakefiri, and S. cerevisiae. After fermentation, lactic acid bacteria were present at levels of 10 log units, whereas acetic acid bacteria and yeast were present at levels of 7.8 and 6 log units, respectively. The lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts remained constant, whereas acetic acid bacteria counts decreased to 7.2 log units during storage. From fermentation to final storage, the pH, lactose content and citric acid of the kefir beverage decreased, followed by an increase in the concentrations of glucose, galactose, ethanol, and lactic, acetic, butyric, and propionic acids. These microbiological and chemical characteristics contribute to the unique taste and aroma of kefir. This research may serve as a basis for the future industrial production of this beverage in Brazil.
A new single/few-layered graphene oxide with a high dielectric constant of 10<sup>6</sup>: contribution of defects and functional groups (2015)

In this study, we introduce a single/few-layered graphene oxide (GO) synthesized with ultrasonication, and demonstrate its high dielectric permittivity in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz and temperature range of 30 °C to 180 °C.
Image Corner Detection Technique Research on Machine Vision (2009)

Corner detection is an important step in the image processing of machine vision. An improved algorithm is proposed in this paper following the analysis on the existing corner detection algorithms and on the localization precision and computation efficiency in the Harris corner detection algorithm. In this algorithm, a large number of irrelevant points are rejected by statistical analyzing the pixel gray level difference around the target pixel, and then the response function of residual points is calculated and compared with the set threshold value to certify the real corner. Finally computation program is programmed, using this program, the synthesize images of five types of corners are analyzed and calculated, which shows that the improved algorithm acquires better efficiency and accuracy in corner detection.
Replica identification using genetic programming (2008)

Identifying and handling replicas are important to guarantee the quality of the information made available by modern data storage services. There has been a large investment from companies and governments in the development of effective methods for removing replicas from large databases. Typically, this investment has produced significant results, since cleaned replica-free databases not only allow the retrieval of higher-quality information but also lead to a more concise data representation and to potential savings in computational time and resources to process and maintaining this data. In this paper, we propose a GP-based approach to automatic replica identification that combines evidence based on the data content in order to find a similarity function that is able to identify whether two entries in a repository are replicas or not. As shown by our experiments, our approach outperforms an SVM-based method used as baseline by at least 6.5%. Moreover, the suggested functions are computationally less demanding since they use fewer evidence. In addition, our approach is capable to automatically adapt to any given replica identification boundary.
E-book usage in an academic library: User attitudes and behaviors (2009)

This paper presents the results of a large scale survey designed to investigate usage patterns and library patron attitudes toward e-books. The survey reveals a university community's discovery and knowledge of e-books, their likes and dislikes about book content in electronic format as opposed to print, and their predictions of how they will use electronic and print book materials in the future. The survey shows that acceptance of e-books has reached a level where they have become an important library service. The results, based on a study conducted in collaboration with Springer, break down e-book awareness and attitudes into faculty, graduate student, and undergraduate student constituent groups. Additionally, statistics are presented to complement the survey results by showing that the usage of e-book content at the University of Illinois is increasing at a rapid pace.11 The author wishes to thank William H. Mischo and Sharif Islam for their invaluable assistance in managing and querying the survey dataset.1
James Schouler (1929)

Journal Article James Schouler Get access Lewis Ethan Ellis Lewis Ethan Ellis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 16, Issue 2, September 1929, Pages 212–222, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902902 Published: 01 September 1929
Control of insects by bacteria (1982)

SUMMARY All bacteria in microbial insecticides are species of Bacillus and form spores since they have to survive in the environment and on the shelf. They can be formulated as wettable powders, suspensions and dusts for application with conventional pest control machinery. All are safe to man and virtually all non-target organisms. Development costs are relatively low, but host specificity greatly restricts markets, the largest being ca . 2000 tons per annum in the West for B. thuringiensis . All act only after ingestion, a disadvantage because there is no contact action and usually only larvae are attacked. Three main groups have special features that determine their commercial success. The B. popilliae group is produced only in vivo which limits production by three small firms. The Japanese beetle has been controlled in grassland in the warm parts of the USA by single applications of spores in heaps, spaced 2 m each way. The bacterium spreads slowly to untreated areas, is very persistent and kills only by infection. The B. thuringiensis group kills larvae of Lepidoptera, mosquitoes and blackflies, mainly by gut poisoning with a protein crystal toxin. It rapidly paralyses mouthparts and gut, stopping crop damage. It is readily produced by deep liquid fermentation, but does not persist and needs repeated application during the pest season. Products containing no beta exotoxin can be applied at unlimited dosage to food crops up to harvest. Only one application is needed for stored grain. After 20 years' use of strains against Lepidoptera, a different strain is now used commercially against mosquitoes and blackflies (only 5 years after its discovery), although improvements in formulation for aquatic application are needed. A recent new product based on the beta exotoxin is used in Finland only against flies in pig houses because it has some vertebrate toxicity. The B. sphaericus group is similar to B. thuringiensis , except that its proteinaceous toxin is different, is situated in the spore wall in strain 1593, and attacks only mosquitoes. Now at the pilot production stage, its commercial future depends on whether it is more potent than B. thuringiensis against certain species and whether it can recycle to give effective extended mosquito control in some environments. Intensive selection from natural isolates has improved potency 100 to 600 fold. This selective effort must be maintained and improved by genetic manipulation, which can be used to develop greater potential, particularly since DNA coding for the crystal toxin is carried on plasmids. This also gives speculative hope that the toxin may be incorporated into natural aquatic bacteria for mosquito control and into plants for protection against lepidopterous larvae. A great advantage is that these bacteria do not harm beneficial fauna to cause pest resurgence. At present, the main use lies in integrated pest control systems, although bacteria are not likely to supplant chemical insecticides on a large scale in the near future.
Enhanced tracing and visibility in logic emulation environment by optimized design slicing (2012)

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based logic emulators, used for functional verification of large and complex System-on-chip (SoC) designs are characterized by two conflicting requirements - execution speed and signal visibility. Achieving 100% signal visibility in post-processing debug for long emulation runs impacts execution speed and requires large amount of disk space. Techniques like combinational reconstruction, periodic snapshot based tracing, state restoration etc. have reduced the amount of trace data and hence the impact on execution speed to some extent, but fail to provide a scalable solution for growing design sizes. Selective tracing based on signal list specification does not guarantee tracing all relevant signals needed to be investigated to debug a functional mismatch, often requiring re-runs to generate relevant data. This paper presents a novel tracing and visibility system based on the concept of optimized design slicing (ODS), which minimizes trace data while providing sufficient debug visibility by tracing only a set of design portions or “slices” that are likely to affect values of a set of “observed variables”, or in other words influence a set of properties under verification. These slices are extracted automatically from the design logic and capture all the signals likely to impact the observed variables, ensuring sufficient debug visibility. The slices are “optimized” by techniques like software memory replay and blackbox elimination. The proposed system achieves effective reduction in trace data, higher execution speed and provides necessary debug visibility for post-processing debug.
Altered Profile of Seminal Plasma MicroRNAs in the Molecular Diagnosis of Male Infertility (2011)

The measurement of miRNAs in seminal plasma provides a novel, noninvasive approach for diagnosing male infertility.