gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
F4: High-speed image sensor technologies (2010)

High speed imaging is one of the fastest growing semiconductor markets. Growth is currently driven by consumer and industrial applications such as HD video, slow motion play-back, machine vision, 3D range capture, and robotics. This forum will present chip architectures, circuits, and system-level solutions used in CCD and CMOS image sensors for high speed cameras. Technology topics include photon detection devices, pixel circuits and array readout circuits, A/D converters, image processing and interface circuits presented by world leading experts from industry and academia. The potential applications of this technology will be demonstrated by ultra high speed capture solutions for 3D range imaging and robotics. For advanced applications, techniques for outputing high-throughput pixel data using analog or digital interfaces are described. The forum will conclude with a panel discussion where the attendees have the opportunity to ask questions and to share their views, and this all-day forum encourages open information exchange. The targeted participants are circuit designers and concept engineers working on image sensor and camera system design.
Ophthalmology in the post-genomic era (1999)

The year is 2019.

 Nature Genetics is no more, the genome project a distant memory. The heady days of cloning, sequencing, positional cloning, and candidate gene approaches are long forgotten.  The disease genes are now conquered.  While molecular biologists and geneticists gather before the job centre, their polymerase chain reaction machines are strewn in ever amplifying heaps behind now defunct molecular institutes. The phrase “an interest in ocular genetics” is now treated with derision where once there was only awed incomprehension: surgeons are restored to their position atop the ophthalmological hierarchy.  And still the patients come, ever aging, with their cataracts and their glaucoma, their maculae wet and dry. The production lines of phakos, trabs, and BD8s grind on and on.

An unlikely fantasy or a reasonable prediction?

We have learned, but have we moved forward? For all the wonders of the genomic race, for all the millions spent cloning disease genes, the clinical practice of ophthalmology has yet to alter radically. But what of the next 20 years? What will be the next scientific advances? More importantly how will they impact upon our patients? Who will fill the institutes and laboratories in 20 years’ time and, more pertinently for worried molecular biologists, what skills will they need? Whence the post-genomic scientists?

In recent times we have, perhaps inevitably, seen a somewhat reductionist focus on single genes and the Mendelian disorders they underlie. Our understanding of a wide range of disorders, affecting probably every ocular structure, has been enhanced by novel and often utterly unexpected insights into their causation and classification. We wonder at the unified aetiology of the stromal corneal dystrophies, the validation of Knudson’s hypothesis in retinoblastoma, and the bewildering array of gene defects underlying the retinal dystrophies. Even the complex field of glaucoma has at last begun …
Designing and assessing an intelligent e-tool for deaf children (2008)

LODE is a logic-based web tool for Italian deaf children who have problems in the comprehension of narratives in a verbal language; namely, it aims at stimulating global reasoning on written e-stories. Presently, LODE deals with global temporal reasoning; temporal reasoning problems are encoded as constraint satisfaction problems that can be solved by a constraint reasoner. The focus of this paper is the intelligent user interface of LODE; after characterizing the intended end users of LODE, this paper focuses on critical issues faced in the design and assessment of the interface of our e-tool. A preliminary assessment and an evaluation plan of LODE conclude our paper.
Design and Implementation of an Arena for Testing and Evaluating Quadcopter (2018)

Quadcopter technology has been an emerging field of interest among many science enthusiasts due to its vast applications in various fields. In their initial stage it is very frequent that quadcopters crash due to difficulty in controlling by the users which is challenging for any application purpose. In this paper we propose the design and implementation of an arena suitable for testing quadcopters to train the users so that they gain proper control over them. The arena consists of different types of paths that a quadcopter can travel. Testing the quadcopter in such different paths and conditions will give an idea about how to judge the performance and the stability of the quadcopter in different conditions for any application purpose and how the entire system responds to those conditions.
Moutan Cortex Extract Inhibits Amyloid β Protein (25-35)-induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons (2008)

Moutan cortex, the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, analgesic and antioxidant activities. We investigated a methanol extract of Moutan cortex for neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein (Aβ) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neu- rons. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 10 µM Aβ (25-35) for 24 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. Moutan cortex inhibited 10 µM Aβ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell death at 30 and 50 / , which was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthia- zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. Moutan cortex inhibited 10 µM Aβ (25-35)-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ((Ca 2+ )i), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which were measured by fluorescent dyes. Moutan cortex also inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by 10 µM Aβ (25-35), which was measured by HPLC. These results suggest that Moutan cortex prevents Aβ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell damage by interfering with the increase of (Ca 2+ )i, and then inhibiting glutamate release and ROS generation. Moutan cortex may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Rapid Prototyping of Networked A/V CE Appliances (2005)

In this paper the design and rapid prototyping of networked A/V CE appliances is described. Practical implementations of three types of appliance are described: (i) a streaming A/V server; (ii) a streaming A/V client device and (iii) a networked A/V transcoding device. It is shown how these devices can be used to provide both a robust and scalable multimedia solution, which can be adapted for use in many applications. A review of known techniques for realizing the required multimedia functionality is given and some methods of reducing the development time of these prototypes are also discussed
Small Heat Shock Protein Activity Is Regulated by Variable Oligomeric Substructure (2008)

The alpha-crystallins are members of the small heat shock protein family of molecular chaperones that have evolved to minimize intracellular protein aggregation; however, they are also implicated in a number of protein deposition diseases. In this study, we employed novel mass spectrometry techniques to investigate the changes in quaternary structure associated with this switch from chaperone to adjuvant of aggregation. We replicated the oligomeric rearrangements observed for post-translationally modified alpha-crystallins, without altering the protein sequence, by refolding the alpha-crystallins in vitro. This refolding resulted in a loss of dimeric substructure concomitant with an augmentation of substrate affinity. We show that packaging of small heat shock proteins into dimeric units is used to control the level of chaperone function by regulating the exposure of hydrophobic surfaces. We propose that a bias toward monomeric substructure is responsible for the aberrant chaperone behavior associated with the alpha-crystallins in protein deposition diseases.
Saturation effects in coupled lasers with homogeneous gain (1987)

The effects of saturation on the performance of two weakly coupled lasers with homogeneous gain are evaluated. Analytic steady-state results are obtained for cases where the intensity is the same in each laser. Output power is at a maximum when both lasers have the same mirror separation and a distance between them that corresponds to an integral number of wavelengths. If these conditions are changed, the result is reduced stability in addition to lower output power. A previous model, which employed third-order saturation, underpredicts the increase in output power with an increase in saturation but is qualitatively correct with regard to regimes for stable operation.
Tetrahydrobiopterin-deficient nitric oxide synthase has a modified heme environment and forms a cytochrome P 420 analog (1995)

Optical absorption and resonance Raman spectra of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (b-NOS) isolated in the absence of tetrahydrobiopterin demonstrate that the enzyme preparation is very unstable. This unstable form of the enzyme has properties analogous to those of cytochrome P-420cam, an inactive form of cytochrome P-450cam. Although cysteine is preserved as the proximal ligand in both the ferric and ferrous forms of unstable b-NOS, the lack of tetrahydrobiopterin significantly increases the hexacoordinate low-spin fraction of the heme content, resulting in a loss of the enzymatic activity. Upon the addition of CO, the unstable b-NOS converts from a species exhibiting a Soret absorption maximum at 443 nm, as reported for the CO adducts of stable b-NOS and cytochrome P-450cam, to a species with a Soret maximum at 421 nm. The resonance Raman spectrum of the 421-nm form is the same as those of CO-bound myoglobin at low pH and CO-bound cytochrome P-420cam. The heme in this form of the enzyme is coordinated by a weaker ligand than thiolate; histidine coordination in the CO-bound form of the P-420-like species of NOS is consistent with all of the available data. A similar unstable form of the macrophage (i-NOS) enzyme was also detected. Not only does the heme pocket of NOS have the same coordination as cytochrome P-450 in its stable form, but the partially denatured form has the same properties as cytochrome P-420, the inactive form of cytochrome P-450. Among other possible roles, tetrahydrobiopterin may play a significant role in the stabilization of the active enzyme.
Strain variation in tumor necrosis factor induction by parasites from children with acute falciparum malaria (1995)

A small proportion of individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop cerebral malaria. Why it affects some infected individuals but not others is poorly understood. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated strongly in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, here we have compared different parasite isolates for their ability to induce TNF production by human mononuclear cells in vitro. Wild isolates were collected from 34 Gambian children with cerebral malaria and 66 children with uncomplicated malaria fever. Cerebral malaria isolates tended to stimulate more TNF production than mild malaria isolates, but there was considerable overlap between the two groups, and the present data provide only limited support for the hypothesis that cerebral malaria is caused by strains of P. falciparum inducing high levels of TNF. However, it is notable that the amounts of TNF induced by different wild isolates from a single locality differed by over 100-fold. The biological significance of this polymorphism deserves further scrutiny in view of the central role that TNF is believed to play in host defense and in the clinical symptomatology of human malaria.
Impact of bifurcation dual stenting on endothelial shear stress (2015)

Despite advances in percutaneous coronary interventions and the introduction of drug eluding stents, in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis remain a clinically significant problem for bifurcations. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dual bifurcation stenting on hemodynamic parameters known to influence restenosis and thrombosis. We hypothesized that double stenting, especially with a longer side branch (SB) stent, likely has a negative effect on wall shear stress (WSS), WSS gradient (WSSG), and oscillatory shear index (OSI). To test this hypothesis, we developed computational models of dual stents at bifurcations and non-Newtonian blood simulations. The models were then interfaced, meshed, and solved in a validated finite-element package. Longer and shorter stents at the SB and provisional stenting were compared. It was found that stents placed in the SB at a bifurcation lowered WSS, but elevated WSSG and OSI. Dual stenting with longer SB stent had the most adverse impact on SB endothelial WSS, WSSG, and OSI, with low WSS region up to 50% more than the case with shorter SB stent. The simulations also demonstrated flow disturbances resulting from SB stent struts protruding into the main flow field near the carina, which may have implications on stent thrombosis. The simulations predict a negative hemodynamic role for SB stenting, which is exaggerated with a longer stent, consistent with clinical trial findings that dual-stenting is comparable or inferior to provisional stenting.
4 Gb/s Optical Time-Division Multiplexed System Experiments using Ti:LiNbO3 Switch/Modulators (1987)

Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) is potentially a useful technique for increasing the bit rate of lightwave systems beyond the bandwidth capabilities of drive electronics. We report here a novel optical multiplexing and demultiplexing scheme using mode-locked extended cavity injection lasers and Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguide switch/modulators. An OTDM experiment is described in which two separate lasers are mode-locked and externally modulated at 2 GHz, and then optically multiplexed to a bit rate of 4 Gb/s. The 4Gb/s multiplexed signal is transmitted over 8 km of fiber, demultiplexed with a Ti:LiNbO 3 optical directional coupler switch, and received at low error rate. The experiments reported here extend our previous work on external modulation [1], OTDM using gain-switched lasers [2], and our work on mode-locking of extended-cavity injection lasers [3]. The mode-locked lasers provide an excellent means of generating short pulses at high repetition rates, using only narrow-band electronics. In addition, they offer the potential of good spectral purity - a key requirement for low distortion, high bit-rate transmission over long fiber lengths.
An improved method for measuring concept semantic similarity combining multiple metrics (2013)

Ontology-based semantic similarity measures the similarity between the concepts, which is widely used in information retrieval and semantic web service fields. Existing studies of semantic similarity matching algorithm are mainly focused on computing the semantic distance between concepts, the notion of information content or the overlap of concept attributes. But most of these algorithms calculate semantic similarity in their own way without taking other factors into account. This paper proposes a novel algorithm which combines three factors mentioned above. To avoid unreasonable artificial weight setting, the principal component analysis is used to weigh each factor's contribution to the semantic similarity. The experimental evaluations using WordNet proves that the algorithm presented in this paper improves the accuracy of semantic similarity and the results are more close to human judgment.
Structural Features of Nanotubes Synthesized from NaOH Treatment on TiO<sub>2</sub> with Different Post‐Treatments. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analysis-based verification: a programmer-oriented approach to the assurance of mechanical program properties (2010)

There is a constant and insidious loss of design intent throughout the software lifecycle. Developers make design decisions but fail to record these decisions or their rationale. As a consequence, quality and maintainability of software suffer, since additional effort must be expended to recover—and verify—lost design intent prior to implementing even minor changes in the code. This is particularly challenging for concurrent code. Our vision is to capture and verify critical design intent through the use of fragmentary specifications supported by targeted verification tools that can function alongside debugging and testing tools in the practitioner's toolkit for software quality and maintainability. 
This thesis advances the idea of focused analysis-based verification as a scalable and adoptable approach to the verification of mechanical program properties. The main contribution of the research is the development of the concept of sound combined analyses, through which results of diverse low-level program analyses can be combined in a sound way to yield results of interest to software developers. The contribution includes the underlying logic of combined analysis, the design of the user experience and tool engineering approach, and field validation on diverse commercial and open source code bases. Building on prior work in semantic program analysis, this approach enables sound tool-supported verification of nontrivial narrowly-focused mechanical properties about programs with respect to explicit models of design intent. These models are typically expressed as code annotations, and can be used even when adopted late in the software lifecycle for real-world systems. 
In addition to providing a sound approach to combining fragmentary analysis results, the logic can support abductive inference of additional fragments of design intent. The proposed fragments that are deemed valid by the software developer can then be verified for consistency with code using an automated tool. The soundness of the logic for combined analysis is proved using an intuitionistic natural deduction calculus and other techniques. We validate our approach through the 9 field trials of a prototype tool that verifies properties related to multithreading and race conditions on a diverse sample of commercial, open source, and government code. In the majority of the field trials, this validation process included direct use of the prototype tool by disinterested professional developers and demonstrated that the tool performs useful verification and bug finding on full-scale production code.
Optimizing the Concrete Mixture made with Recycled Aggregate Using Experiment Design (2011)

The paper presents the optimization of concrete mixtures made with recycled aggregate. The optimization is defined regarding the concrete properties that could be modeled as second-order functions using response surface method and corresponding experiment designs. Three-level full factorial and fractional factorial designs were compared, as well as central composite designs and Box-Behnken design, regarding the needed number of experiments, i.e. the economic and time constraints.
Microwave Annealing of Ion Implanted 4H-SiC (2011)

Ultra‐fast high‐temperature microwave annealing at temperatures as high as 2050 °C for 30 s has been performed on phosphorus ion‐implanted 4H‐SiC for phosphorus doping concentrations in the range 5×1019 cm−3–8×1020 cm−3. For comparison, inductive heating furnace anneals were performed at 1800 °C–1950 °C for 5 min. Electrical resistivity of the P+‐implanted samples decreased with increasing annealing temperature reaching a minimum value of 6.8×10−4 Ωcm for 2050 °C/30 s microwave annealing and a slightly higher value for 1950 °C/5 min inductive heating furnace annealing. X‐ray rocking curve measurements showed that the microwave annealing not only removed the lattice damage introduced by the ion‐implantation process, but also the defects present in the original virgin sample as well.
Citrate synthase from a Gram-positive bacterium. Purification and characterization of the <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> enzyme (1983)

Citrate synthase was purified to homogeneity from a Gram-positive bacterium (Bacillus megaterium) for the first time. The Mr of the native enzyme was determined to be 84 000 (S.E.M. +/- 5000). Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration in guanidinium chloride revealed a single protein species of Mr 40 300 (S.E.M. +/- 4400), indicating a dimeric enzyme. This dimeric structure was confirmed by cross-linking the native enzyme with dimethyl suberimidate and with glutaraldehyde, followed by electrophoretic analysis. The enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to both substrates, acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and is sensitive to non-specific inhibition by a range of adenine nucleotides. In both molecular and catalytic properties the citrate synthase closely resembles the enzyme from eukaryotic sources and contrasts markedly with the larger, hexameric, enzyme from Gram-negative bacteria.
An open-source k-mer based machine learning tool for fast and accurate subtyping of HIV-1 genomes (2018)

For many disease-causing virus species, global diversity is clustered into a taxonomy of subtypes with clinical significance. In particular, the classification of infections among the subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a routine component of clinical management, and there are now many classification algorithms available for this purpose. Although several of these algorithms are similar in accuracy and speed, the majority are proprietary and require laboratories to transmit HIV-1 sequence data over the network to remote servers. This potentially exposes sensitive patient data to unauthorized access, and makes it impossible to determine how classifications are made and to maintain the data provenance of clinical bioinformatic workflows. We propose an open-source supervised and alignment-free subtyping method (Kameris) that operates on k-mer frequencies in HIV-1 sequences. We performed a detailed study of the accuracy and performance of subtype classification in comparison to four state-of-the-art programs. Based on our testing data set of manually curated real-world HIV-1 sequences (n = 2, 784), Kameris obtained an overall accuracy of 97%, which matches or exceeds all other tested software, with a processing rate of over 1,500 sequences per second. Furthermore, our fully standalone general-purpose software provides key advantages in terms of data security and privacy, transparency and reproducibility. Finally, we show that our method is readily adaptable to subtype classification of other viruses including dengue, influenza A, and hepatitis B and C virus.
State splitting for variable-length graphs (Corresp.) (1986)

The state splitting algorithm of Adler, Coppersmith, and Hassner for graphs with edges of fixed length is extended to graphs with edges of variable lengths. This has the potential to improve modulation code construction techniques. Although the ideas of state splitting come from dynamical systems, completely graph-theoretic terms are used.