gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i>biofilm and gene expression of adhesins and hydrolytic enzymes (2015)

Paracoccidioides species are dimorphic fungi that initially infect the lungs but can also spread throughout the body. The spreading infection is most likely due to the formation of a biofilm that makes it difficult for the host to eliminate the infection. Biofilm formation is crucial for the development of infections and confines the pathogen to an extracellular matrix. Its presence is associated with antimicrobial resistance and avoidance of host defenses. This current study provides the first description of biofilm formation by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and an analysis of gene expression, using real-time PCR, associated with 3 adhesins and 2 hydrolytic enzymes that could be associated with the virulence profile. Biofilm formation was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Metabolic activity was determined using the XTT reduction assay. P. brasiliensis was able to form mature biofilm in 144 h with a thickness of 100 μm. The presence of a biofilm was found to be associated with an increase in the expression of adhesins and enzymes. GP43, enolase, GAPDH and aspartyl proteinase genes were over-expressed, whereas phospholipase was down-regulated in biofilm. The characterization of biofilm formed by P. brasiliensis may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis as well as the search for new therapeutic alternatives; while improving the effectiveness of treatment.
Out-of-Ring Claisen Rearrangements<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOut-of-Ring Claisen Rearrangements1Alex Nickon and Burton R. AaronoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 10, 3014–3021Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01033a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01033a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combination of abstractive and extractive approaches for summarization of long scientific texts (2020)

In this research work, we present a method to generate summaries of long scientific documents that uses the advantages of both extractive and abstractive approaches. Before producing a summary in an abstractive manner, we perform the extractive step, which then is used for conditioning the abstractor module. We used pre-trained transformer-based language models, for both extractor and abstractor. Our experiments showed that using extractive and abstractive models jointly significantly improves summarization results and ROUGE scores.
Structural change and economic behaviour: The case of UK exports (1995)

In this paper Stephen Hall, Giovanni Urga, and John Whitley apply a new econometric technique to date unknown breaks in UK export behaviour. They show how the evidence points to a structural shift in 1979. Although there is some support for a supply‐side interpretation in that there have been changes in the behaviour of prices, there has also been a shift in the underlying demand for UK exports. They also find that variables which proxy changes in the quality of UK exports, or other supply‐side influences, do not properly account for the observed structural break in UK export performance.
A frequency division multiplexed low-finesse fiber optic Fabry–Perot sensor system for strain and displacement measurements (2000)

We report a novel frequency multiplexing method for addressing low finesse fiber Fabry–Perot sensors using a white light source and a CCD based monochromator. The absolute optical path length imbalance of the sensors can be determined using this method. The concept was demonstrated with three fiber Fabry–Perot interferometers for strain and displacement measurements. The accuracy is better than 0.01 μm and the maximum range is approximately 1 mm.
Auditory display of spatial information (1970)

The problem of designing an auditory display for a binaural mobility aid for the blind is investigated. The basis for the project was the binaural linear F.M. echolocation mobility aid proposed by Prof. L. Kay. The sciences of engineering and psychophysics are freely intermixed to define the optimal form of the azimuthal dimension of an auditory spatial display". It is shown that to take advantage of the frequency domain range coding it is necessary to use interaural amplitude difference (IAD) as the localization cue. A series of experiments confirmed this and suggested a modification to the system concept. An extensive psychophysical investigation of auditory localization with IAD determined the parametric-form of the localization function, from which the azimuthal dimension of the display was specified and analysed. The problem of generating this display from an echolocation system is discussed. Measures of the resolution capability of the auditory system in a static. Two object environment are presented. A computer simulation of the auditory display was used to justify the use of data derived from dichotic experiments to specify a display for use with head movement. Adaptive strategies for estimating the localization function are described.
Sonoluminescence (1984)

Abstract Sonoluminescence (SL) is the name given to the light emitted when a liquid is cavitated in a particular (rather violent) manner. The appropriate cavitation conditions can be realized by using high intensity ultrasound, a spark discharge, a laser pulse, or by flowing the liquid through a Venturi tube. SL occurs in a wide variety of liquids, its intensity and spectrum depending on the nature of the solvent and the solute (including dissolved gas). The intensity, but apparently not the spectrum, also depends on the frequency of the sound and on the temperature and hydrostatic pressure of the liquid. In a standing wave sound field the SL originates from bubbles attracted to the pressure antinodes and has its maximum intensity when the bubble volume is a minimum. The phase of the sound cycle at which this occurs depends on the amplitude and frequency of the sound field. Spectral measurements show that SL originates mainly from the recombination of free radicals created within the high temperature and high pressure environment of a bubble undergoing an adiabatic compression, as may happen either during transient cavitation or during highly non-linear, but stable, cavitation. In discussing these, and other, attributes of SL this review emphasizes developments over the past 20 years. Because of the importance of the dynamical theory of bubbles to a full understanding of SL, it includes an account of bubble dynamics. In addition, it describes the various experimental techniques employed in the creation and analysis of SL. Although the review lays particular stress on the SL produced via acoustic cavitation, it also examines the characteristics of the SL produced using other methods of cavitation.
Results and Complications of Limbal Trephination and Subscleral Trephination (Trabeculectomy) (1981)

Limbal trephinations on 395 eyes were followed postoperatively for six months to 19 years. Excellent results were obtained in patients over the age of 35, particularly those in the 50 and older age group, with chronic open-angle and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Results were poor in younger age groups and in those with secondary glaucoma, particularly where it was associated with inflammatory disease. A review of 78 limbal trephinations in individuals over 55 and 77 trabeculectomies (67 under age 55 and ten over age 55) indicated that in younger age groups the overall results were nearly the same with trabeculectomies as with limbal trephination but the subscleral operation is probably safer, especially in younger people with longer life expectancy, and permits freer use of contact lenses postoperatively.
Rhodanierungsversuche an Phenolketonen Mitt.: Über organische Rhodanverbindungen (1966)

Abstract Es wird über die Rhodanierung isomerer Aminophenolketone mit nascierendem Rhodan in Eisessig und Methanol berichtet. Einfache Phenolketone reagieren unter diesen Bedingungen nicht; in diese Verbindungen läßt sich die Thiocyanogruppe über die Diazoniumsalze einführen.
A homogeneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform for ultra-trace detection of trinitrotoluene in the environment (2015)

A facile and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate was prepared by controlled potentiostatic deposition of a closely packed single layer of gold nanostructures (AuNS) over a flat gold (pAu) platform. The nanometer scale inter-particle distance between the particles resulted in high population of ‘hot spots’ which enormously enhanced the scattered Raman photons. A renewed methodology was followed to precisely quantify the SERS substrate enhancement factor (SSEF) and it was estimated to be (2.2 ± 0.17) × 105. The reproducibility of the SERS signal acquired by the developed substrate was tested by establishing the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 150 repeated measurements from various locations on the substrate surface. A low RSD of 4.37 confirmed the homogeneity of the developed substrate. The sensitivity of pAu/AuNS was proven by determining 100 fM 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) comfortably. As a proof of concept on the potential of the new pAu/AuNS substrate in field analysis, TNT in soil and water matrices was selectively detected after forming a Meisenheimer complex with cysteamine.
Management Agent for OSGi-based Healthcare Application Using Portable Information Terminal (2008)

This paper addresses a management agent for an OSGi-based healthcare application. For a distribution and administration of the OSGi-based healthcare application running on the portable information terminal, we need a management agent supporting dynamic deployment of component, control of component's life cycle, adjustment of application's configuration, deployment of user profile for personalized service and etc. To support these requirements, we define XML-based descriptor and use it as control message. We also define and use SMS-based callback URL for initiating network connection. The object of this paper is providing methodology which can distribute/manage the various applications dynamically and resolve the network connection problem while we use a private IP address in the portable information terminal. This object is implemented as a management agent and SMS-based connection initialization.
Further Comparative Studies of Fragment Weighting Schemes for Substructural Analysis (1990)

Abstract This paper considers the use of fragment weighting schemes for substructural analysis studies. Experiments are reported using 2‐D and 3‐D substructural descriptors with both small and large datasets for which qualitative activity data are available. The results support previous work in suggesting the potential of probabilistic models of weighting first used in studies of text retrieval.
15. Preparation of<scp>L</scp>-threonine. Interconversion of the four stereoisomeric α-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acids (1950)

D. F. Elliott, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 62 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500000062
Highly Uniform Platinum Icosahedra Made by Hot Injection-Assisted GRAILS Method (2013)

Highly uniform Pt icosahedral nanocrystals with an edge length of 8.8 nm were synthesized in nonhydrolytic systems using the hot injection-assisted GRAILS (gas reducing agent in liquid solution) method. The results show the key factors for the shape control include fast nucleation, kinetically controlled growth, and protection from oxidation by air. The effect of oxygen molecules on the Pt morphology was experimentally confirmed based on the study of shape evolution of icosahedral crystals upon exposure to oxygen gas. The Pt icosahedral catalysts obtained had an area-specific activity of 0.83 mA/cm(2) Pt, four times that of 0.20 mA/cm(2) Pt for typical Pt/C catalysts, in an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts (2001)

These guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts have been prepared for dermatologists on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists. They present evidence-based guidance for treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation of the guidelines, and a brief overview of epidemiological aspects, diagnosis and investigation.
Solution structure of a polypeptide dimer comprising the fourth calcium-binding site of troponin C by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1991)

The structure of a 39 amino acid proteolytic fragment of rabbit skeletal troponin C containing the fourth Ca(2+)-binding site has been determined by an approach involving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing calculations. Hydrodynamic and NMR evidence establishes unambiguously that the fragment forms a stable dimer in solution in the presence of excess Ca2+. The calculation of the dimeric structure is based on a total of 1056 experimental restraints comprising 422 interproton distances, 35 phi, 28 psi, and 28 chi 1 torsion angle restraints within each subunit, 30 intermonomer distance restraints, and 6 Ca2+ restraints per subunit. A total of 48 final structures were calculated having an rms deviation about the mean atomic backbone coordinate positions of 1.0 A for residues Asp128-Glu156. The solution structure consists of a dimer of helix-loop-helix motifs related by a 2-fold axis of symmetry. The overall architecture of the dimer is very similar to the C-terminal domain in the crystal structure of chicken skeletal troponin C.
Systemic administration of IGF-I enhances oxidative status and reduces contraction-induced injury in skeletal muscles of <i>mdx</i> dystrophic mice (2006)

The absence of dystrophin and resultant disruption of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex renders skeletal muscles of dystrophic patients and dystrophic mdx mice susceptible to contraction-induced injury. Strategies to reduce contraction-induced injury are of critical importance, because this mode of damage contributes to the etiology of myofiber breakdown in the dystrophic pathology. Transgenic overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) causes myofiber hypertrophy, increases force production, and can improve the dystrophic pathology in mdx mice. In contrast, the predominant effect of continuous exogenous administration of IGF-I to mdx mice at a low dose (1.0-1.5 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) is a shift in muscle phenotype from fast glycolytic toward a more oxidative, fatigue-resistant, slow muscle without alterations in myofiber cross-sectional area, muscle mass, or maximum force-producing capacity. We found that exogenous administration of IGF-I to mdx mice increased myofiber succinate dehydrogenase activity, shifted the overall myosin heavy chain isoform composition toward a slower phenotype, and, most importantly, reduced contraction-induced damage in tibialis anterior muscles. The deficit in force-producing capacity after two damaging lengthening contractions was reduced significantly in tibialis anterior muscles of IGF-I-treated (53 +/- 4%) compared with untreated mdx mice (70 +/- 5%, P < 0.05). The results provide further evidence that IGF-I administration can enhance the functional properties of dystrophic skeletal muscle and, compared with results in transgenic mice or virus-mediated overexpression, highlight the disparities in different models of endocrine factor delivery.
Local Field Potential Oscillations in Primate Cerebellar Cortex: Modulation During Active and Passive Expectancy (2002)

Cerebellar local field potential (LFP) oscillations were recorded in the paramedian lobule of one hemisphere, while monkeys were in two behavioral conditions: actively performing an elbow flexion-extension or a lever-press task in response to an auditory or visual stimulus to get reward (active condition), or waiting quietly for the reward to come in the same time window after the appearance of the stimulus (passive condition). The oscillations in the paramedian lobule were first characterized in four monkeys, and they showed an idiosyncratic frequency for each monkey, between 13 and 25 Hz. The granule cell layer multi-unit activity was phase-locked with the negative phase of the LFP oscillations, while Purkinje cell simple spikes were also sometimes phase-locked with the LFP. Three monkeys were trained to perform the motor tasks: the LFP oscillations were modulated, in the active condition, in a systematic manner in relation to the lever-press or elbow flexion-extension tasks. During periods when the monkey was waiting to initiate movement, LFP oscillations appeared and then stopped with movement initiation. This modulation was valid for the task being executed with either hand. Surprisingly, the LFP oscillations were also systematically modulated during the passive condition; as the monkey was waiting for the usual time to get a reward passively, oscillations appeared stronger and were stopped by the end of the usual delay, whether the monkey was rewarded or not. This type of modulation was not affected by the length of the stimulus, as long as the reward window was known to the monkey. If the monkey had not been previously trained to the active condition, the modulation appeared in the passive condition. These results show that cerebellar LFP oscillations in the paramedian lobule are reliably present when the monkey is involved in a waiting period, whether this period ends with an active or passive event. This study provides electrophysiological evidence for a specific pattern of activity in the cerebellum for the expectancy of events that are known to be bound to happen, either externally, or from voluntary action.
Factors affecting reproduction traits of Bharat Merino sheep under hot semi-arid climate (1996)

The data on 221 service records and 343 lambing records including 645 and 871 observations on lambing interval and service period of Bharat Merino strain (75% Rambouillet/Merino and and 25% of Chokla/Nali/Malpura/Jaisalmeri sheep) maintained at this institute, were subjected to least-squares analysis to assess the status of reproductive traits and the effect of non-genetic factors. The data extended over a period of nine years from 1985 to 1993. The overall least-squares means of age and weight at first service were 604.9±8.2 days and 34.8±0.34 kg, and those of age and weight at first lambing were 744.0±16.3 days and 37.9±0.75 kg respectively. The flock averages for service period and lambing interval were 165.0±2.7 and 372.4±5.4 days. All the six traits were influenced significantly by year of service/lambing. The season was also significant source of variation for most of the traits, except the weight at first lambing and lambing interval. The coefficient of variation in these traits varied from 12.02% in weight at first service to 28.79% in service period. The study tends to conclude that improvement in these reproductive traits can be effected by optimizing the management especially the plane of nutrition and effective utilization of grazing/lopping resources.
Explaining missing answers to SPJUA queries (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of explaining missing answers in queries that include selection, projection, join, union, aggregation and grouping (SPJUA). Explaining missing answers of queries is useful in various scenarios, including query understanding and debugging. We present a general framework for the generation of these explanations based on source data. We describe the algorithms used to generate a correct, finite, and, when possible, minimal set of explanations. These algorithms are part of Artemis, a system that assists query developers in analyzing queries by, for instance, allowing them to ask why certain tuples are not in the query results. Experimental results demonstrate that Artemis generates explanations of missing tuples at a pace that allows developers to effectively use them for query analysis.
Thrust of an Air-Augmented Waterjet (1973)

This investigation is concerned with the possibility of augmenting the thrust of a conventional waterjet by utilizing the energy of an expanding gas to impart additional momentum to the water stream. The device under study is one in which compressed air is injected into the high-pressure water stream leaving the water pump. A mixture of water and finely dispersed air bubbles is generated in a constant-area mixing chamber, which joins the water-pump outlet. The two-phase bubbly mixture enters the exhaust nozzle and expands under the action of a negative pressure gradient. Internal thrust is analytically determined under the restrictions of certain simplifying assumptions. The mixing process is analyzed through the use of a control volume encompassing the entire mixing chamber. The two-phase nozzle flow is analyzed through application of the conservation laws for a single air bubble and an incremental control volume over a nozzle section. Results indicate that thrust augmentation is possible and most effective for low pump-outlet pressures and/or high mass flow ratios in the range permitting bubbly flow. Thrust augmentation is found to be only weakly dependent on air-injection temperature.
The do re mi's of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. (2003)

The present research examined individual differences in music preferences. A series of 6 studies investigated lay beliefs about music, the structure underlying music preferences, and the links between music preferences and personality. The data indicated that people consider music an important aspect of their lives and listening to music an activity they engaged in frequently. Using multiple samples, methods, and geographic regions, analyses of the music preferences of over 3,500 individuals converged to reveal 4 music-preference dimensions: Reflective and Complex, Intense and Rebellious, Upbeat and Conventional, and Energetic and Rhythmic. Preferences for these music dimensions were related to a wide array of personality dimensions (e.g., Openness), self-views (e.g., political orientation), and cognitive abilities (e.g., verbal IQ).
Orientation selective operators for ridge, valley, edge, and line detection in imagery (2002)

We investigate the use of two orientation analysis techniques, the rotating kernel min-max transform (RKMT) proposed by Lee and Rhodes (1990) and steerable filters proposed by Freeman and Adelson (1990, 1992) for the detection and enhancement of oriented structures such as lines, edges, ridges, and valleys in imagery. The paper introduces a new data-adaptive morphological operator for linear feature enhancement which is based on a preprocessing orientation analysis stage. It also proposes a new interpretation of quadrature pairs of the steerable filters allowing for high resolution detection of lines and edges that also allows the user to distinguish between lines, right rising edges, and left rising edges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>