gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropy and Complexity Analyses in Alzheimer’s Disease: An MEG Study (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most frequent disorders among elderly population and it is considered the main cause of dementia in western countries. This irreversible brain disorder is characterized by neural loss and the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The aim of the present study was the analysis of the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) background activity from AD patients and elderly control subjects. MEG recordings from 36 AD patients and 26 controls were analyzed by means of six entropy and complexity measures: Shannon spectral entropy (SSE), approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD), Maragos and Sun's fractal dimension (MSFD), and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). SSE is an irregularity estimator in terms of the flatness of the spectrum, whereas ApEn and SampEn are embbeding entropies that quantify the signal regularity. The complexity measures HFD and MSFD were applied to MEG signals to estimate their fractal dimension. Finally, LZC measures the number of different substrings and the rate of their recurrence along the original time series. Our results show that MEG recordings are less complex and more regular in AD patients than in control subjects. Significant differences between both groups were found in several brain regions using all these methods, with the exception of MSFD (p-value < 0.05, Welch's t-test with Bonferroni's correction). Using receiver operating characteristic curves with a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, the highest accuracy was achieved with SSE: 77.42%. We conclude that entropy and complexity analyses from MEG background activity could be useful to help in AD diagnosis.
The prevalence and determinants of the use of complementary and alternative medicine in adult Turkish cancer patients (2005)

A study was undertaken to analyze the extent of using complementary alternative medicine (CAM) and to compare sociodemographic and medical characteristics of users and non-users of CAM in Turkish oncology patients. A total of 615 patients with cancer who attended ambulatory patient care units answered the questionnaires. Medical information was reviewed from chart data. Some 291 patients (47.3%) had used at least one type of CAM since the time of initial diagnosis. CAMs almost always consisted of herbal agents (95%). Nettle (Urticae herba) used in conjunction with (88%) or without (56%) various herbal agents were the most popular and prominent CAMs used by patients. Univariate and multivariate comparisons of users and non-users of CAM were performed. In multivariate analysis, female sex (p=0.0006), high income (p=0.0008), advanced stage at diagnosis (p=0.02), and usage of multiple chemotherapy applications (p=0.03) were determined as independent factors for CAM use.
Characterization of optical thin films (1979)

Various properties of dielectric thin films are discussed in this paper: refractive index and absorption coefficient, light scattering, structure, microstructure, density, gas sorption, chemical composition, homogeneity, adhesion, hardness and mechanical stress, and environmental influences.
Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (2012)

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults. Nearly half of primary uveal melanoma tumors metastasize, but there are currently no effective therapies for metastatic uveal melanoma. The recent discovery of mutations that underlie uveal melanoma metastasis, growth, and survival provide a key to the molecular understanding of this disease. Much work is now underway to leverage this knowledge to develop effective therapies. This review summarizes recently discovered molecular features of uveal melanoma and therapies being explored to capitalize on this knowledge.
Phototherapy treatment protocols : for psoriasis and other photosensitive dermatoses (2000)

Acknowledgements. Introduction. Phototherapy Treatment Center (PTC) Initial Introduction. Patient instructions and protocols: Psoriasis: ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy by skin type ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy by minimal erythema dose (MED) narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy by minimal erythema dose (MED) narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy by skin type systemic psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) topical psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) Bath (or soak) psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) paint (lotion) psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) retinoid plus psoralen plus ultraviolet A (RePUVA) retinoid plus ultraviolet B (ReUVB) phototherapy retinoid plus narrow band ultraviolet B (ReNBUVB) Goeckerman treatment (crude coal tar plus UVB) ingam treatment (anthralin plus UVB) Specialised treatments: localised UVA/B - hand and/or foot treatments hydrosound bath scalp debridement. Vitiligo: systemic psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatment ps oralen baths or soaks plus ultraviolet A (Bath PUVA) Psoralen lotion plus ultraviolet A (Paint PUVA) narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy. Atopic dermatitis: ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy combination ultraviolet A/B (UVA/B) therapy narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy systemic psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) hydrosound bath. Pruritus: ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy combination ultraviolet A/B (UVA/B therapy. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL): ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy by skin type systemic psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatment other selected phototherapy responsive dermatologic diseases. Patient consent forms: ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) scalp treatments home ultraviolet therapy. Patient educational handouts: UVB phototherapy systemic PUVA topical bath/paint PUVA goeckerman regimen modified ingram. Treatment management forms: physician's orders phototherapy treatment record ophthalmology exam record self-administered psoriasis area and severity scoring instructions doctor-administered psoriasis area and severity scoring instructions flow sheets: PUVA methotrexate methotrexate retinoid cyclosporine. Appendices: skin types procedure for determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED) for UVB procedure for determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED) for narrow band UVB differential diagnosis some agents that may cause photosensitivity equipment manufacturers letters for home phototherapy treatment suggested reading list.
Editor's Introduction (1987)

This long essay by Liu Guokai, entitled A Brief Analysis of the Cultural Revolution, is the first available comprehensive analysis of those three turbulent years1 published within China. Although a dissident writing a document of protest, Liu Guokai nonetheless has sought to maintain enough emotional distance to give the Cultural Revolution and Mao Zedong a reasonably objective analysis. While recounting the convoluted chronology of the Cultural Revolution, he attempts to identify the various social forces, the different kinds of actors, their motivations, and the dynamics that led to the formation and shifting of alliances, both horizontally and vertically. Liu's aim, as stated in his preface, was to provide the Cultural Revolution with a social analysis.
Motif mediated protein-protein interactions as drug targets (2016)

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are involved in virtually every cellular process and thus represent an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. A significant number of protein interactions are frequently formed between globular domains and short linear peptide motifs (DMI). Targeting these DMIs has proven challenging and classical approaches to inhibiting such interactions with small molecules have had limited success. However, recent new approaches have led to the discovery of potent inhibitors, some of them, such as Obatoclax, ABT-199, AEG-40826 and SAH-p53-8 are likely to become approved drugs. These novel inhibitors belong to a wide range of different molecule classes, ranging from small molecules to peptidomimetics and biologicals. This article reviews the main reasons for limited success in targeting PPIs, discusses how successful approaches overcome these obstacles to discovery promising inhibitors for human protein double minute 2 (HDM2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and provides a summary of the promising approaches currently in development that indicate the future potential of PPI inhibitors in drug discovery.
Resistance to Race TTKSK of <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> in Emmer Wheat (2012)

ABSTRACT Race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide because of its wide virulence on many cultivars and rapid spread. Emmer wheat [ Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] is known to be a source of resistance to stem rust but has not been evaluated against race TTKSK. In attempts to identify and characterize stem rust resistance genes effective against race TTKSK at the seedling stage, we evaluated 359 accessions of emmer wheat with race TTKSK and other races with broad virulence. A high frequency (31.8%) of accessions were resistant to TTKSK at the seedling stage with low infection types ranging from 2 = to 2 + . Thirty‐seven accessions exhibited a resistant to moderately resistant response in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, and St. Paul, MN, nurseries in 2010 and 2011. Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of TTKSK resistance in five accessions at the seedling stage. Results from evaluating F 2 and F 2:3 generations revealed that resistance was conferred by single genes. One additional gene effective against race TTTTF was identified in the resistant parents. Results from this study indicated that emmer wheat is a source of resistance to race TTKSK and may contribute novel resistance genes. Since emmer wheat shares the same genome as durum [ Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat and is in cultivated form, resistance genes should be easily transferred to durum wheat by conventional breeding approaches.
Application of k- Nearest Neighbour Classification in Medical Data Mining (2014)

Medical data is an ever-growing source of information from hospitals in form of patient records. When mined, the information hidden in these records is a huge resource bank for medical research. This data contains hidden patterns and relationships, which can lead to better diagnosis. Unfortunately, discovery of these patterns and relationships often goes unexploited. Studies have been carried out in medical diagnosis to predict heart diseases, lungs diseases, and various tumors based on the past data collected from patients. However, they are mostly limited to domain-specific systems that predict diseases restricted to their area of operations. In retrospect, the performance of the k-nearest neighborhoods (k-NN) classifier is highly dependent on the distance metric used to identify the k nearest neighbors of the query points. The standard Euclidean distance is commonly used in practice. This study uses vast storage of information so that diagnosis based on historical data can be made. It focuses on computing the probability of occurrence of a particular ailment by using a unique algorithm. This k-NN algorithm increases the accuracy of such diagnosis. The algorithm can be used to enhance the automated diagnoses, which include diagnosis of multiple diseases showing similar symptoms. To validate the experimental results, a hypothesis was tested for the following variables: accidents, age, allergies, blood pressure, smoking habit, total cholesterol, diabetes and hypertension, family history of heart disease, obesity, and lack of physical activity. It was evident that there was a strong relationship between the above variables to the causes of common chronic diseases like: heart ailment, diabetes and cancer.
Nucleation of Al2 O 3 Layers on Cemented Carbide Tools (1976)

Aluminum oxide was deposited with a CVD technique onto polished and uncoated cemented carbide substrates. Experiments of short duration were performed with varying process parameters. The density of nuclei on the phase in cemented carbide and on the coating was measured for each experiment. The corresponding chemical equilibria of the gas phase were calculated. The supersaturations of reactants were compared with the nuclei densities. It was found that the densities of nuclei vary with the supersaturation of the oxygen donors ( and ). In these experiments there was a relative shortage of oxygen donors. The early stage of the deposition is supposed to influence the adhesion of the coating in two ways. First, voids that form in the cemented carbide substrate surface during heating up may cause pores, which decrease the strength of the interface. Second, too sparse a nucleation weakens the bond between the coating and the substrate. By using cemented carbide as the substrate it is possible to avoid the void formation and to obtain an evenly distributed nucleation.
Improved‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nb‐Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Electrodes: Efficient Electron Injection and Transfer (2010)

Abstract Well‐crystallized Nb‐doped anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles are prepared by a novel synthetic route and successfully used as the photoanode of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The homogenous distribution of Nb in the TiO 2 lattice is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) elemental mapping and line‐scanning analyses. After Nb doping, the conductivity of the TiO 2 powder increases, and its flat‐band potential ( V fb ) has a positive shift. The energy‐conversion efficiency of a cell based on 5.0 mol% Nb‐doped TiO 2 is significantly better, by about 18.2%, compared to that of a cell based on undoped TiO 2 . The as‐prepared Nb‐doped TiO 2 material is proven in detail to be a better photoanode material than pure TiO 2 , and this new synthetic approach using a water‐soluble precursor provides a simple and versatile way to prepare excellent photoanode materials.
Why Track Temperature When Paving (2011)

Air temperature, base temperatures, and hot mixed asphalt temperatures are all critical factors in paving. This article discusses the importance of each of these factors, and describes the best ways to monitor them to ensure a high-quality, long lasting paving or patch job. A table is included that shows the time a contractor has to achieve initial density and compaction with ambient temperatures ranging from 50° to 90° F, base temperatures (ground or existing asphalt) from 50° to 80° F and hot mix asphalt temperatures just prior to installation of 250° and 300° F. A wind velocity of 5 mph is taken into account, since wind velocity can influence cooling rate.
Falls risk assessment score (FRAS): Time to rethink (2011)

Early in the development of geriatric medicine, falls were identified as a “geriatric giant”, a nonspecific indicator of functional decompensation. This led to the notion of “falls prevention services”, and the concept that identification of those patients at high risk of falls is essential to approach this group of elderly people. This work was carried out aiming to develop a model that predicts falls risk for both in- as well as outpatients using clinical variables that are easily assessed in clinical practice. A case-control study to determine the risk factors and the prediction rule of falls risk among older people. Three hundred and seventy-three outpatients and 186 inpatients, with a minimum age of 65 years, were assessed for falls risk factors. The clinical characteristics with independent predictive value for the development of falls were selected using logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of the prediction rule was evaluated using the area under the curve. Cross-validation controlled for over fitting of the data (internal validation) was also carried out. The prediction rule consisted of five clinical variables: history of falls in the last 12 months, slowing of the walking speed/change in gait, history of loss of balance in the last 12 months, and impaired sight and weak hand grip. The prediction score ranged from 0 to 6.5, and corresponded to the percent chance of sustaining a fall. For several cutoff values, the positive and negative predictive values were determined. The area under the curve values for the prediction rule was 0.89. In elderly people, the risk of sustaining a fall can be predicted, thereby allowing individualized decisions regarding the patient’s management. Falls risk assessment score is a new self-reported tool that can be used in standard clinical practice by all health care professionals both in the outpatient and the acute hospital inpatient settings. Assessing for the falls risk would help to minimize the negative impact of falling on the patient’s physical, psychological, and social functional abilities.
Star edge coloring of $d$-dimensional grids (2012)

The star chromatic index of graph G is denoted byχ_s~'(G).In this paper,we studied the relationship betweenχ_s~′(G),|V(G)| = v,and |E(G)| =e,and provedthat[3v/8e]≤χ_s~′(G) for△(G)≥2.The star chromatic index of 2-dimensional grid wasobtained.We also got the attainable bounds for the star chromatic index of hypercubesand d-dimensional grids.
Integrating cryptography in the trusted computing base (2002)

Secure distributed systems are not easily constructed, as they combine mechanisms based on very different theories of security (encryption and reference monitors). The authors show how these mechanisms may be integrated via the Unix STREAMS mechanism Examples are given of how this architecture can support existing security protocols and it is shown why it is consistent with the Bell-LaPadula and Biba information-flow models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An animation design tool utilizing texture (2003)

In creating realistic images by means of computer graphics (CG) it is possible to depict details of objects effectively at low costs by utilizing various textures and mapping techniques. The authors have noticed the expressiveness of textures and adopted these as primary materials for artistic expression in creating CG pictures. They are developing software with which they can make computer animations from textures by using elementary image-processing techniques. In order to make a designer's manual work, which includes designing and programming with frequent trial and error, more efficient, the authors have arranged several processing operations on material textures and have devised a kind of diagrammatic representation of operations in order to consider the whole process easily. They have created some animations using a small library of functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine (2019)

Long thought of to be vesicles that primarily recycled waste biomolecules from cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have proven their potential as mediators of cell proliferation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis, and are currently being used as treatments for a variety of diseases and injuries. They are now being used in combination with a variety of more traditional biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies to stimulate tissue repair and wound healing. However, the clinical translation of EVs has been greatly slowed due to difficulties in EV isolation and purification, as well as their limited yields and functional heterogeneity. Thus, a field of EV engineering has emerged in order to augment the natural properties of EVs and to recapitulate their function in semi-synthetic and synthetic EVs. Here, we have reviewed current technologies and techniques in this growing field of EV engineering while highlighting possible future applications for regenerative medicine.
Fabrication and characterisation of functional gradient hydroxyapatite reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) biocomposites (2013)

Biomaterials usually require simultaneous possession of excellent performances such as bioactivity, mechanical and bio‐tribological properties to meet biomedical application requirements. In this reported work, the bioactive and mechanical properties of biocomposites were simultaneously optimised according to the functional gradient design idea. The functional gradient nano‐hydroxyapatite reinforced polyetheretherketone (nano‐HA/PEEK) biocomposites were fabricated through the layer‐by‐layer casting method and incorporation with thermal pressure moulding technology. The microstructure and morphology were investigated by X ‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The result of the XRD study verified that the crystallinity of the PEEK matrix obviously improved after heat treatment. The SEM observation revealed that the size of HA particles in the biocomposites was in the nanometre scale. Furthermore, two typical morphologies such as encapsulated‐ and dimple‐like microstructures were observed by SEM. The FTIR study showed that the interaction between nano‐HA particles and the PEEK molecule existed. Both the SEM and FTIR studies results revealed that the morphology and microstructure in the functional gradient HA/PEEK biocomposites were beneficial for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the gradient biocomposites.