gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profile order and time‐dependent artifacts in contrast‐enhanced coronary MR angiography at 3T: Origin and prevention (2009)

To enhance the clinical value of coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), high-relaxivity contrast agents have recently been used at 3T. Here we examine a uniform bilateral shadowing artifact observed along the coronary arteries in MRA images collected using such a contrast agent. Simulations were performed to characterize this artifact, including its origin, to determine how best to mitigate this effect, and to optimize a data acquisition/injection scheme. An intraluminal contrast agent concentration model was used to simulate various acquisition strategies with two profile orders for a slow-infusion of a high-relaxivity contrast agent. Filtering effects from temporally variable weighting in k-space are prominent when a centric, radial (CR) profile order is applied during contrast infusion, resulting in decreased signal enhancement and underestimation of vessel width, while both pre- and postinfusion steady-state acquisitions result in overestimation of the vessel width. Acquisition during the brief postinfusion steady-state produces the greatest signal enhancement and minimizes k-space filtering artifacts.
Increased expression of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor gene in chronic allograft nephropathy correlates with the number of acute rejection episodes (2003)

Abstract The p21 (WAF1/CIP1) cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor gene is considered to be the senescence marker in some recent publications. Expression of the gene was evaluated in 14 normal human kidney tissues of different ages and in nine chronically rejected renal allografts. All normal kidneys were negative for p21 expression. Glomerular, tubular and interstitial expression of the marker was detected in 88.9% (P<0.0001) and vascular expression in 66.7% of chronically rejected grafts (P<0.001). No correlation was found between the intensity of p21 expression and recipient age, donor age or number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches. The marker was expressed more in grade 3 of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) than in grade 2 (P=0.059 for glomerular score). Tubular expression of p21 was correlated with the number of acute rejections: P<0.05 for three vs one and two, and P=0.0046 for three vs no previous acute rejection episodes.
Usefulness of serum procalcitonin test for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract infection in children (2006)

Purpose:It is difficult to make a distinction between lower urinary tract infection(UTI) and acute pyelonephritis(APN) during the acute phase of febrile UTI due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, especially among young children. We measured the serum procalcitonin(PCT) in children with UTI to distinguish between acute pyelonephritis and lower UTI, and to determine the accuracy of PCT measurement compared with other inflammatory markers. Methods:Serum samples were taken from children who admitted with unexplained fever or were suspected of having UTI. 51 children(mean 12.2±11.4 months) were enrolled in this study. Leukocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) were also measured. Renal parenchymal involvement was assessed by 99mTc DMSA scintigraphy in the first 7 days after admission. PCT was measured by immunoluminometric assay. Results:PCT values were significantly correlated with the presence of renal defects in children with UTI(n=16)(5.06±12.97 µg/L, P
Statistical Physics of Language Evolution (2014)

Trabajo presentado en el Seminar at Complex Systems Group of La Sapienza, celebrado en Roma el 16 de diciembre de 2014.
How did Leonardo perceive himself? Metric iconography of da Vinci's self-portraits (2010)

Some eighteen portraits are now recognized of Leonardo in old age, consolidating the impression from his bestestablished self-portrait of an old man with long white hair and beard. However, his appearance when younger is generally regarded as unknown, although he was described as very beautiful as a youth. Application of the principles of metric iconography, the study of the quantitative analysis of the painted images, provides an avenue for the identification of other portraits that may be proposed as valid portraits of Leonardo during various stages of his life, by himself and by his contemporaries. Overall, this approach identifies portraits of Leonardo by Verrocchio, Raphael, Botticelli, and others. Beyond this physiognomic analysis, Leonardo's first known drawing provides further insight into his core motivations. Topographic considerations make clear that the drawing is of the hills behind Vinci with a view overlooking the rocky promontory of the town and the plain stretching out before it. The outcroppings in the foreground bear a striking resemblance to those of his unique composition, 'The Virgin of the Rocks', suggesting a deep childhood appreciation of this wild terrain. and an identification with that religious man of the mountains, John the Baptist, who was also the topic of Leonardo's last known painting. Following this trail leads to a line of possible selfportraits continuing the age-regression concept back to a self view at about two years of age.
New Perspectives on the Medical Consequences of Nuclear War (1986)

The destructive capability of modern nuclear weapons should now be evident to everyone; in fact, our national security for the past 40 years has been based on the perception that nuclear war would be unhealthy. People's perceptions of how serious the health problems would be in the event of a nuclear war, however, vary surprisingly and must affect their attitudes toward the use of nuclear weapons. Therefore, understanding what the health consequences of a nuclear war would be, as best we can know them, is very important for informed opinions and actions by citizens and by government.Studies performed primarily . . .
Three‐dimensional modeling of reaction injection molding. I (1994)

Abstract In this research a model to simulate both the filling the curing stages of a reaction injection molding (RIM) process in complex three‐dimensional molds is developed. This model can be used to predict not only the temperature and conversion changes with time but also the front position during filling. Using given physical and chemical properties of the RIM system, moldability can be determined in advance. The numerical techniques used in this research include adaptation of the SIMPLE algorithm developed by Patankar for a moving‐front, two‐phase system with non‐negligible inertial effects, and exothermic chemical reaction. The model predictions of temperature and conversion compare favorably with available data on simple two‐dimensional molds. The ability of the model to predict the dynamics of filling in more complicated molds was verified by comparison to mold filling experiments with water and a polyurethane foam.
<i>Wolbachia</i>density and virulence attenuation after transfer into a novel host (2002)

The factors that control replication rate of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis in its insect hosts are unknown and difficult to explore, given the complex interaction of symbiont and host genotypes. Using a strain of Wolbachia that is known to over-replicate and shorten the lifespan of its Drosophila melanogaster host, we have tracked the evolution of replication control in both somatic and reproductive tissues in a novel host/Wolbachia association. After transinfection (the transfer of a Wolbachia strain into a different species) of the over-replicating Wolbachia popcorn strain from D. melanogaster to Drosophila simulans, we demonstrated that initial high densities in the ovaries were in excess of what was required for perfect maternal transmission, and were likely causing reductions in reproductive fitness. Both densities and fitness costs associated with ovary infection rapidly declined in the generations after transinfection. The early death effect in D. simulans attenuated only slightly and was comparable to that induced in D. melanogaster. This study reveals a strong host involvement in Wolbachia replication rates, the independence of density control responses in different tissues, and the strength of natural selection acting on reproductive fitness.
A clamp fixture with interdigital capacitive sensor for in situ evaluation of wire insulation (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert T. Sheldon, Nicola Bowler; A clamp fixture with interdigital capacitive sensor for in situ evaluation of wire insulation. AIP Conference Proceedings 18 February 2014; 1581 (1): 1463–1470. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864994 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
STO-609, a specific inhibitor of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase. (2003)

The chemical name of STO-609 presented in this paper was inappropriate. It should be 7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-3-carboxylic acid. Page 15816, the first line under “Results and Discussion” should read: “We have synthesized 7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-3-carboxylic acid (STO-609, Fig. 1A) … ” Page 15814, paragraph 2 under “Experimental Procedures”: Corrected sentences should read: “Synthesis of STO-609—7H-Benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-3-carboxylic acid (STO-609, Mr = 314.29) was synthesized as follows. 3-Bromo-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one was prepared by the method of Nakaya et al. (37). Reaction of 3-bromo-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one with cuprous cyanide in pyridine, followed by acid hydrolysis of 3-cyano-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one with H2SO4 in aqueous acetic acid, yielded STO-609 as a yellow solid. Recrystallization from acetic acid yielded pure STO-609 as an acetic acid adduct in a molar ratio of 1:1. The structure and purity of the synthetic compound were confirmed by 1H NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.” Page 15815, paragraphs 3, 5, and 6 under “Experimental Procedures”: “μmol/min/mg” should be “nmol/min/mg” and also “mmol/min/mg” should be “μmol/min/mg.” These changes do not affect the conclusions of the paper.
Rabbit procollagenase synthesized and secreted by a high-yield mammalian expression vector requires stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase-3) for maximal activation. (1990)

A chimeric gene composed of the mouse metallothionein promoter linked to the 5' end of the 9.1-kilobase pair rabbit procollagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) gene was stably transfected into baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Like the native protein, the recombinant procollagenase synthesized and secreted by these cells was the product of a 2.1-kilobase pair transcript which was translated into a procollagenase protein of 57 kDa, with a small amount of protein that co-migrated with the glycosylated form of the native protein at 61 kDa. The BHK cells expressed levels of recombinant procollagenase equal to or exceeding those of rabbit synovial fibroblasts stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, where procollagenase mRNA may comprise 2% of the mRNA population. Although minimal (approximately 10%) collagenolysis was seen when the zymogen was activated with trypsin or an organ-omercurial compound, the expression of full collagenolytic activity of the recombinant protein depended on the presence of stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase-3). Purified recombinant collagenase displayed a specific activity of 8,400 units/mg of enzyme (1 unit degraded 1 microgram of collagen/minute at 37 degrees C) when fully activated, which was accomplished by the specific cleavage of the Gln80-Phe81 bond of procollagenase by stromelysin. We conclude that 1) these stably transfected BHK cells represent a high yield source of recombinant mammalian procollagenase, 2) activation of procollagenase depends on the presence of stromelysin, and 3) recombinant procollagenase from this high yield source may be useful in future studies to elucidate the detailed mechanism(s) involved in the activation of this enzyme.
A tangentially viewing VUV TV system for the DIII-D divertor (1998)

A video camera system capable of imaging VUV emission in the 120--160 nm wavelength range, from the entire divertor region in the DIII-D tokamak, was designed. The new system has a tangential view of the divertor similar to an existing tangential camera system which has produced two dimensional maps of visible line emission (400--800 nm) from deuterium and carbon in the divertor region. However, the overwhelming fraction of the power radiated by these elements is emitted by resonance transitions in the ultraviolet, namely the C IV line at 155.0 nm and Ly-{alpha} line at 121.6 nm. To image the ultraviolet light with an angular view including the inner wall and outer bias ring in DIII-D, a 6-element optical system (f/8.9) was designed using a combination of reflective and refractive optics. This system will provide a spatial resolution of 1.2 cm in the object plane. An intermediate UV image formed in a secondary vacuum is converted to the visible by means of a phosphor plate and detected with a conventional CID camera (30 ms framing rate). A single MgF{sub 2} lens serves as the vacuum interface between the primary and secondary vacuums; a second lens must be inserted in the secondary vacuum to correct the focus at 155 nm. Using the same tomographic inversion method employed for the visible TV, they reconstruct the poloidal distribution of the UV divertor light. The grain size of the phosphor plate and the optical system aberrations limit the best focus spot size to 60 {micro}m at the CID plane. The optical system is designed to withstand 350 C vessel bakeout, 2 T magnetic fields, and disruption-induced accelerations of the vessel.
Renal Function, A Possible Indicator of Stress in Dolphins (1987)

Abstract : Renal mechanisms play a major role in maintenance of the internal environment at a constant composition and volume. Changes in urine solute and water reflect demands on the kidney to maintain plasma normalcy. If changes in renal function occur during stress, understanding the physiological basis of these changes would enhance health management decisions. Reprints.
Abnormal Cardiac Function in Diabetic Patients with Autonomic Neuropathy in the Absence of Ischemic Heart Disease* (1986)

To determine if cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular function was assessed by resting and exercise radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) in 30 patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who had no clinical, electrocardiographic, or tomographic thallium scan evidence of heart disease. In 11 of 30 patients (37%), RVG revealed abnormal left ventricular performance. CAN was found in 91% of these patients. RVG was abnormal in 59% of patients with CAN and in only 8% of patients without CAN (P less than 0.005). There were significant reductions in mean (+/- SE) ejection fractions (EF) in patients with CAN at rest (62.8 +/- 2.2% vs. 75.2 +/- 2.5%; P less than 0.001) and with maximal exercise (65.8 +/- 2.6% vs. 80.9 +/- 2.3%; P less than 0.001) compared to patients without CAN. There was an inverse correlation between the autonomic function score and both resting EF (r = -0.53; P less than 0.002) and exercise EF (r = -0.55; P less than 0.002). Systolic function did not correlate with age, sex, duration or control of diabetes, microvascular complications, or plasma norepinephrine levels. Thus, approximately one third of our study population had evidence for depressed left ventricular function in the absence of ischemic heart disease, and the cardiac dysfunction was related to the severity of CAN. CAN may be a contributor to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
Investigation of the seismicity at regional and teleseismic distances following underground nuclear detonations. Final technical report (1977)

The main emphasis of the investigation was to determine the seismicity of the Nevada Test Site area during a time period which encompassed a lull in the testing program. The time period studied extends from April 1, 1973 to October 1, 1975. The aftershock sequence of nuclear shots fired on Pahute Mesa during late 1975 and early 1976 were also included.
Dynamin2- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase–regulated invasion of bladder epithelial cells by uropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2011)

Invasion of bladder epithelial cells by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) contributes to antibiotic-resistant and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), but this process is incompletely understood. In this paper, we provide evidence that the large guanosine triphosphatase dynamin2 and its partner, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS [eNOS]), mediate bacterial entry. Overexpression of dynamin2 or treatment with the NO donor S-nitrosothiols increases, whereas targeted reduction of endogenous dynamin2 or eNOS expression with ribonucleic acid interference impairs, bacterial invasion. Exposure of mouse bladder to small molecule NOS inhibitors abrogates infection of the uroepithelium by E. coli, and, concordantly, bacteria more efficiently invade uroepithelia isolated from wild-type compared with eNOS(-/-) mice. E. coli internalization promotes rapid phosphorylation of host cell eNOS and NO generation, and dynamin2 S-nitrosylation, a posttranslational modification required for the bacterial entry, also increases during E. coli invasion. These findings suggest that UPEC escape urinary flushing and immune cell surveillance by means of eNOS-dependent dynamin2 S-nitrosylation and invasion of host cells to cause recurrent UTIs.
Conservative Management of Localized Prostate Cancer (2009)

The rise in screening for prostate cancer during the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era has led to increased diagnosis of disease and concerns about
The paradox of networked politics: A critical examination of presidential campaigns in the United States (2013)

Although new scholarship has heralded the digital affordances of social media on the Internet to transform political activism in the United States, the same transformation has not occurred in presidential campaigns. Campaign practices in the United States have used social media to harness citizens in the service of winning the election, not in better empowering and engaging citizens in the political process. Thus, although political elections are essential to a democracy, political campaigns are decidedly undemocratic.
Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans Are Receptors Sufficient To Mediate the Initial Binding of Adenovirus Types 2 and 5 (2001)

Cell infection by adenovirus serotypes 2 and 5 (Ad2/5) initiates with the attachment of Ad fiber to the coxsackievirus and Ad receptor (CAR) followed by alpha(v) integrin-mediated entry. We recently demonstrated that heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAGs) expressed on cell surfaces are involved in the binding and infection of Ad2/5 (M. C. Dechecchi, A. Tamanini, A. Bonizzato, and G. Cabrini, Virology 268:382-390, 2000). The role of HS GAGs was investigated using extracellular soluble domain 1 of CAR (sCAR-D1) and heparin as soluble receptor analogues of CAR and HS GAGs in A549 and recombinant CHO cell lines with differential levels of expression of the two receptors and cultured to various densities. Complete inhibition of binding and infection was obtained by preincubating Ad2/5 with both heparin (10 microg/ml) and sCAR-D1 (200 microg/ml) in A549 cells. Partial inhibition was observed when heparin and sCAR-D1 were preincubated separately with Ad. The level of heparin-sensitive [(3)H]Ad2/5 binding doubled in sparse A549 cells (50 to 70,000 cells/cm(2)) with respect to that of cells grown to confluence (200 to 300,000 cells/cm(2)), in parallel with increased expression of HS GAGs. [(3)H]Ad2 bound to sparse CAR-negative CHO cells expressing HS GAGs (CHO K1). No [(3)H]Ad2 binding was observed in CHO K1 cells upon competitive inhibition with heparin and in HS GAG-defective CHO A745, D677, and E606 clones. HS-sensitive Ad2 infection was obtained in CAR-negative sparse CHO K1 cells but not in CHO A745 cells, which were permissive to infection only upon transfection with CAR. These results demonstrate that HS GAGs are sufficient to mediate the initial binding of Ad2/5.
Active Imaging through Cirrus Clouds (1997)

The presence of clouds of ice particles in the uplink and downlink path of an illumination beam can severely impede the performance of an active imaging system. Depending on the optical depth of the cloud, i.e., its density and depth, the beam can be completely scattered and extinguished, or the beam can pass through the cloud with some fraction attenuated, scattered, and depolarized. In particular, subvisual cirrus clouds, i.e., high, thin cirrus clouds that cannot be observed from the ground, can affect the properties and alignment of both uplink and downlink beams. This paper discusses the potential for active imaging in the presence of cirrus clouds. We document field data results from an active imaging experiment conducted several years ago, which the authors believe to show the effects of cirrus clouds on an active imaging system. To verify these conclusions, we include the results of a simulation of the interaction of a coherent illumination scheme with a cirrus cloud.
Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. 2. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 2-alkyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-l-yl)-1H-imidazole derivatives: profile of 2-propyl-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]-methyl]-4-[2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid (CI-996) (1993)

A novel series of nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists containing a 1H-pyrrol-1-yl moiety at the 4-position of the imidazole have been developed. The pyrrole group occupies the same lipophilic pocket at the receptor as the chloro group in DuP 753 (68) and EXP 3174 (69) and the pentafluoro group in DuP 532 (70), respectively. The impetus for its selection came from bioisosteric considerations based on hydrophobic and electronic substituent constants. An extensive study of the structure-activity relationships revealed several highly potent AII receptor antagonists. An acyl substitution at the 2-position of the pyrrole ring improved activity, most notably in the in vivo rat model. In addition, the 2-substituted pyrrole compounds improved chemical stability toward extremely facile decarboxylation reaction associated with unsubstituted pyrrole analogues, thus facilitating development of these agents. The IC50's of 18, 20, and 42 (< 1 nM) were better than the reference compounds 69 and 70, respectively. These compounds were selective AII antagonists that compete at the AT1 receptor and showed no affinity at the AT2 receptor at concentrations up to 10 microM. Upon intravenous administration in a normotensive rat model, compound 18 inhibited the AII-induced responses with ED50 of 6 micrograms/kg per min. In a renal hypertensive rat model, the antihypertensive potency of compound 18, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, was very similar to those 68 and 69, respectively. Compound 18 demonstrated a dose-related (3-30 mg/kg) decrease in blood pressure that was sustained for greater than 24 h. On the basis of its profile, compound 18, designated as CI-996, has been selected for in-depth studies. The design, synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo structure-activity relationships are described.