gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation Hardening by Design of Asynchronous Logic for Hostile Environments (2009)

A wide range of emerging applications is driving the development of wireless sensor node technology towards a monolithic system-on-a-chip implementation. Of particular interest are hostile environment scenarios where radiation and thermal extremes exist. Radiation hardening by design has been recognized for over a decade as an alternative open-source circuit design approach to mitigate a spectrum of radiation effects, but has significant power and area penalties. Similarly, asynchronous logic design offers potential power savings and performance improvements, with a tradeoff in design complexity and a lesser area penalty. These side effects have prevented wider acceptance of both design approaches. A case study supporting the development of monolithic system-on-a-chip wireless sensor nodes is presented. Synchronous, hardened, and asynchronous/hardened implementations of a textbook microprocessor in 0.35 mum austriamicrosystems SiGe BiCMOS technology are compared. The synergy of this novel asynchronous/hardened design approach is confirmed by simulation and hardware results.
Structural analysis of the Hox-3.1 transcription unit and the Hox-3.2--Hox-3.1 intergenic region. (1990)

The mouse Hox gene family is a set of mammalian homeobox genes that may represent developmental control genes. Complete information about the primary structure of these genes is a prerequisite for a systematic analysis of the mechanisms that determine their complex tempero-spatial expression patterns. In this report we describe the complete sequence of the Hox-3.1 locus and provide evidence for several closely spaced transcriptional start sites. Sequence analysis of the 5' region of the Hox-3.1 gene extending to its nearest upstream neighbor, Hox-3.2, allowed us to identify sequences known to be capable of interactions with transcription factors. Several of these sequence motifs are similar to cis-regulatory elements found in the regulatory regions of other known developmentally regulated genes.
The role of macrophages in the disposal of degeneration products within the organ of corti after acoustic overstimulation (1990)

We analysed the ultrastructure of scavenger cells in the organ of Corti of 10 guinea pigs at five different intervals (5 min, 4 h, 24 h, 5 days and 28 days) after acoustic overstimulation. There was evidence of phagocytic cells only at 5 days after noise exposure. Dendritic macrophages were seen phagocytosing degenerating cells and debris in the tunnel of Corti and in the region of the outer hair cells. Transforming monocytes in this area and leukocytic accumulation within the spiral lamina vessel suggest that these cells may be derived from blood-borne monocytes. These cells may contribute to local disposal of intracochlear cell degeneration products and thus to healing of organ of hearing after induction of noise-induced damage.
Recall and Precision in Distributed Bandwidth Allocation (2007)

Recent work on QoS in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) has shown that bandwidth needs to be reserved in a distributed manner by also including interfering nodes. However, in practice, QoS protocols have difficulties to locally determine the set of nodes that actually interfere with a given transmission. To solve this problem, it is not uncommon to consider all nodes within a distance of k hops (k-neighbors) as interfering nodes. In this paper we use Monte-Carlo methods to study the correlation between the k-neighborhood of a node and the set of interfering nodes. We compute expected values for both reservation recall -the fraction of interfering k-neighbors to all interferers -and reservation precision -the fraction of interfering k-neighbors to all k-neighbors. The two metrics reflect the quality of a reservation and the loss of resources due to over-reservation. We further investigate the impact of different physical layer properties (e.g., fading) and network settings (e.g., network density) on the quality of the reservations. Our results indicate that existing reservation techniques to ensure QoS are inadequate and that new techniques are needed to efficiently implement QoS in MANETs.
Structure and properties of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. An informal discussion (1954)

D. M. Brown, A. M. Michelson, A. R. Todd, L. A. Heppel, P. R. Whitfeld, R. Markham, R. E. F. Matthews, E. Chargaff, P. W. Kent, J. A. Lucy, G. L. Brown, M. Watson, H. Fischer, J. A. V. Butler, P. Davison, K. V. Shooter, M. Y. Khouvine, D. Hamer, D. W. F. James, R. E. Franklin, R. G. Gosling, M. H. F. Wilkins, C. W. Hooper, W. E. Seeds, A. R. Stokes, H. R. Wilson, W. E. Seeds, D. P. Riley, U. W. Arndt, B. E. Conway, D. O. Jordan, M. R. Porter, A. R. Peacocke, H. K. Schachman, K. A. Stacey, P. Alexander, J. Pouyet, Ch. Sadron, R. Thomas, W. G. Overend and M. Stacey, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1954, 50, 290 DOI: 10.1039/TF9545000290
Sistemas para manipulação quântica em estado sólido (2008)

This thesis proposes and implements a system for quantum information processing, focusing primarily on the associated instrumentation. The basic physical aspects for computation, such as the associated energy and Shannon's entropy, were revisited. InAs:GaAs quantum dots were elected as the physical system of choice for this implementation; in particular, the spin degree of freedom of the trapped electrons was utilized. Therefore, the electronic properties of the quantum dots, as well the g-tensor and the polarization degree, were investigated as a function of the temperature and magnetic eld. It was possible to describe the electronic properties within the eective mass formalism, assuming a parabolic lateral connement. Since the spin degree of freedom was elected as the basis for the quantum computation, a system for spin paramagnetic resonance was devised. The choice for not using a commercial system was made. Instead, a connectorized setup was designed, permitting the semiconductor material to be within a chip, and additionally allowing for focusing the microwave magnetic eld above the device. Basically, this chip consisted of a half-wavelength microstrip cavity. A second microstrip cavity with two input ports was also designed to allow the arbitrary control of microwave polarization delivered to the sample. Finally, the quantum state read-out was demonstrated through an optical technique on Nitrogen-Vacancy complexes in diamond. The high sensitivity of the system allows for single spin detection. The selectivity for the optical and spin transitions was characterized and manipulated, using the resonant cavity experimental setup. As a perspective, experiments exploring integration issues on the system are shown.
Porosity-Controlled Ethylcellulose Film Coating. V. Mechanism of Drug Release from Beads Coated with Porous Ethylcellulose Film. (1994)

The porous ethylcellulose (EC) film-coating technique was applied to prepare the film-coated (so-called capsule-type) controlled release dosage form of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA), which was used as a highly water-soluble model drug. To prepare EC film-coated beads with various film-porosities, the PPA-loaded uncoated beads were spray-coated with an aqueous ethanolic or ethanolic solution of EC, and their drug release behaviors or drug release mechanisms were investigated. Although the amount of coating of the beads was equal, the PPA release rate differed according to the ethanolic concentration in the coating solution, that is, the lower the ethanolic concentration, the faster the release rate. The release profiles were normalized using a reduced time method to compare the profiles of different release rates. It was found that the profiles were well superimposed on the same curve, suggesting that the drug release obeyed the same mechanism. To examine the mechanism of drug release from the EC film-coated beads of PPA, drug release behaviors were investigated under the condition of various osmotic pressure differences. The drug release rate was decreased by decreasing the osmotic pressure difference. The contribution of an osmotic pumping to the drug release was estimated for the EC film-coated beads with different coating porosities. The driving force for drug release from the porous EC film-coated beads was found to be mainly an osmotic pumping mechanism, irrespective of film porosity.
ENGINE CHARACTERISTICS UNDER HIGH COMPRESSION (1923)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This Annual Meeting paper is a report of a series of tests conducted during the summer of 1922 by the authors at the Engineering Experiment Station of Purdue University. The work consisted of research into the operation of internal-combustion engines under comparatively high compression on ordinary gasoline without detonation. The compression-ratio of the engine was 6.75 and the compression pressure was 122 lb. per sq. in., gage. The ingoing charge was passed through a hot-spot vaporizer and thence through a cooler between the carbureter and the valves. Jacket-water temperatures between 150 and 170 deg. fahr. were carried at the outlet port of the jacket.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The theory held by the authors as to the causes of detonation of the combustible charge is presented briefly. The source of the two phases of detonation encountered in this work is believed to be overheated areas in the combustion-chamber. The methods of combating these hot spots are given in detail, and the special equipment applied to the engine to accomplish the desired result is described. The effects of load, speed, compression-ratio and mixture-ratio are studied, and curves showing the variation in the engine characteristics due to each factor are submitted. All tests were run without a trace of detonation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results of the work point to the following conclusions:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(1)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Automobile engines designed to give a uniform cooling of the combustion-chamber walls will permit the use of much higher compression-ratios than those employed at present, with a consequent gain in engine power and economy</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(2)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The fuel-air ratio for maximum economy borders upon the lean limit for reliable combustion</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(3)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For maximum power, the mixture-ratio need not exceed 0.075 lb. of gasoline per lb. of dry air</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">(4)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With concentrated heating of the mixture at the carbureter outlet, a local temperature of 125 deg. fahr. is sufficient to give good operation at full throttle. Cooling to 100 deg. fahr. at the valves is desirable if the compression pressure of the engine is high. At part loads, a hot-spot temperature of 175 deg. fahr., with or without intermediate cooling, will give good results with lean mixtures</div> </li> </ol> </div>
REHABILITATION OF OIL-INUNDATED AGRICULTURAL LAND (1979)

As a consequence of a pipeline break, approximately 1.9 million liters of kerosene inundated 1.5 hectares of a New Jersey wheat field. After emergency cleanup operations, the hydrocarbon content of the contaminated field was assessed by coring, extraction, and quantitative gas chromatography. A rehabiliation program, consisting of liming, fertilization, and frequent tilling, was initiated, and the decrease of hydrocarbon contaminants in the soil was monitored for a 2-year period. Seed germination and yield data showed that the field returned to a near-normal and productive state 1 year after the spill. The hydrocarbon content of the surface soil decreased to an insignificant level 2 years after the spill. The disappearance rate of the hydrocarbon contaminants showed a definite correlation with the monthly temperature averages. In addition to the rehabiltation program, the oil type and the nature of the contaminated soil both contributed to the relatively rapid recovery of this field.
A Simulation Study of Space Priorities in a Shared Memory ATM Switch (1994)

We study an ATM switch architecture in which the queues for all the switch output ports share space flexibly in a common buffer. Using a computer simulation of this switch under bursty traffic, we investigate various ways to manage space priorities in the shared memory. Our findings support one particular strategy which we call “Selective Pushout.” In this scheme, an arriving cell that finds the shared memory full overwrites a cell with priority less than or equal to itself from the longest output queue in the buffer (even if the arriving cell will be joining a different output queue). We simulated Selective Pushout as well as several simpler pushout and threshold schemes under a variety of load conditions. For each load pattern we studied, the Selective Pushout scheme performed at least as well and usually much better than its competitors. Selective Pushout offered a low overall cell loss rate, with very low losses for the high priority cells.
Rose Bengal as a Specific Photosensitizer for a Histidine Residue at the Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide Binding Site of 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (1970)

Rose Bengal is a potent inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Candida utilis and mediates the photoinactivation of the enzyme. The experiments reported in this paper indicate that photoinactivation occurs only when the dye is bound to the TPN binding site of the enzyme. Since the photoinactivation is correlated to the specific oxidation of only 2 residues of histidine, it can be assumed that this amino acid is located at the TPN binding site of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. These results are a new application of the technique of active site-specific photooxidation.
Influence of 1,2-PB Matrix Cross-Linking on Structure and Properties of Selectively Etched 1,2-PB-<i>b</i>-PDMS Block Copolymers (2007)

A series of samples with varying cross-linking degree were prepared from the same 1,2-polybutadiene-b-polydimethylsiloxane (1,2-PB-b-PDMS) diblock copolymer precursor. The stability of nanopores generated after PDMS cleaving depends on the cross-linking degree of 1,2-PB. The swelling ratio of the cross-linked samples in toluene was converted into a degree of cross-linking following the Flory scheme; a simple relation between the Flory cross-linking degree and the fraction of consumed double bonds during the cross-linking reaction followed. The structure of the block copolymer at different stages of preparation was characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gave direct images of the nanoporous polymer structure. Nanocavities are accessible to methanol, and observations of methanol uptake were combined with structural information from SAXS. This permits a classification of the bulk cross-linked and etched polymers into three groups: collapsed, traced, and nanoporous materials.
Measurement of Residual Strain in Cold Spray Process Using X-Ray Diffraction and Finite Element Method (2011)

Cold spray technology has the potential to be utilised in broader industrial applications especially for oxygen-sensitive materials such as titanium. In this paper, the effect of titanium cold spray coating on residual strain after deposition is evaluated. Ring-shaped sample of 16.5 mm diameter was directly fabricated from titanium powder by cold spray. Using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the coating surface was analysed and compared. The XRD measurements revealed that residual strain at the sample surface (εXRD) was around 0.140. There was also some X-ray peak broadening of steel, which may be related to presence of porosity in unpolished samples. In addition, a good correlation was found (εFEA ≈ 0.169) when the residual strain results obtained from FEA were compared with the conducting test outcomes. Therefore, finite element method can be considered as a cost effective tool in quantification of strain in cold spray titanium structure.
A microchip electrochemical immunosensor fabricated using micromachining techniques (2002)

Using micromachining techniques, an electrochemical immunosensor has been designed, fabricated and tested on a Pyrex glass wafer. The sensor has an electrochemical cell that is composed of a reference, an auxiliary and two working electrodes on a spin-coated polyimide film, where the reference electrode is silver and the others are platinum. The polyimide film is used for antibody immobilization instead of a polystyrene sheet which is usually used in conventional immunosensors. A reaction chamber is fabricated separately on a silicon wafer using anisotropic etching techniques. The electrochemical cell on a glass wafer and the reaction chamber on a silicon wafer are then bonded together to construct the immunosensor using polymer bonding techniques. Fabricated immunosensors are tested by the method of cyclic voltammetry (CV) before analyzing the antigen-antibody reaction. Test antibodies are well attached to the polyimide substrate, and the results of the CV test shows that this immunosensor can be successfully applied for electrochemical immunoassay.
Infections in patients with advanced cancer (2003)

Patients with advanced or terminal cancer are at high risk for infections as a result of the underlying disease, a poor nutritional state, and/or a direct suppression of the hematological system due to chemotherapy or radiation treatments. An infectious complication may occur due to an alteration in the phagocytic, cellular, or humoral immunity, an alteration or breach of their skin or mucosal defense barriers, indwelling catheters, or a splenectomy. A high index of suspicion, a consideration of the empirical institution of antimicrobials, an awareness of the possibility of unusual infectious agents, and a constant surveillance of the hematological status of the patients are necessary in order to provide optimal management of infections in this patient population.
Detectability of contrast agents for confocal reflectance imaging of skin and microcirculation (2004)

Confocal reflectance microscopy of skin and other tissues in vivo is currently limited to imaging at the cellular, nuclear and general architectural levels due to the lack of microstructure-specific contrast. Morphologic and functional imaging at specific organelle and microstructure levels may require the use of exogenous contrast agents in small (nontoxic) concentrations, from which weakly backscattered light must be detected in real time. We report an analysis based on Mie theory to predict detectability, in terms of signal-to-background and signal-to-noise ratios, of reflectance contrast agents within skin and microcirculation. The analysis was experimentally verified by detectability of (a) intravenously injected polystyrene microspheres that enhance the contrast of dermal microcirculation in Sprague-Dawley rats, and (b) acetic acid-induced compaction of chromatin that enhances nuclear morphology in normal and cancerous human skin. Such analyses and experiments provide a quantitative basis for developing the opto-biochemical properties and use of contrast agents and for designing confocal instrumentation to enable real-time detectability in vivo.
Evaluation of Partially Defatted Chopped Beef in Fermented Beef Snack Sausage (1991)

ABSTRACT Five levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) of partially defatted chopped beef (PDCB) were substituted for lean in fermented beef stick sausage to evaluate changes over a 90 day period (24°C). Replacement of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the lean with PDCB did not affect percentage of fat, moisture, protein, moisture:protein ratio, or a w of the final product. TBA values were different (P<0.05) between storage periods, but were all lower than those associated with oxidative rancidity. Warner‐Bratzler shear values increased incrementally with increasing PDCB but were still within acceptable limits. Sensory profiles indicated that concentration of PDCB in the formulation had no effect on aroma, mouthfeel, taste, or texture of the product over storage time.
Quantum state readout of individual quantum dots by electrostatic force detection (2017)

Electric charge detection by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with single-electron resolution (e-EFM) is a promising way to investigate the electronic level structure of individual quantum dots (QDs). The oscillating AFM tip modulates the energy of the QDs, causing single electrons to tunnel between QDs and an electrode. The resulting oscillating electrostatic force changes the resonant frequency and damping of the AFM cantilever, enabling electrometry with a single-electron sensitivity. Quantitative electronic level spectroscopy is possible by sweeping the bias voltage. Charge stability diagram can be obtained by scanning the AFM tip around the QD. e-EFM technique enables to investigate individual colloidal nanoparticles and self-assembled QDs without nanoscale electrodes. e-EFM is a quantum electromechanical system where the back-action of a tunneling electron is detected by AFM; it can also be considered as a mechanical analog of admittance spectroscopy with a radio frequency resonator, which is emerging as a promising tool for quantum state readout for quantum computing. In combination with the topography imaging capability of the AFM, e-EFM is a powerful tool for investigating new nanoscale material systems which can be used as quantum bits.
Kinetics of the oxidation of Pu(IV) by manganese dioxide (2000)

Manganese dioxide is present in some of the radioactive waste storage tanks within the U.S. Department of Energy complex and may influence the oxidation state of plutonium in these waste solutions. Manganese dioxide also is a common component of natural water systems in which it may influence the oxidation state and subsequently the environmental behavior of plutonium. Because of its oxidizing properties, manganese dioxide has been considered in a sediment remobilization model as contributing to the oxidation of sorbed Pu(IV) to the more soluble Pu(V).1 In this study an experimental procedure has been developed to monitor the oxidation kinetics of plutonium by manganese dioxide.
A Generalized BCJR Algorithm And Its Use In Turbo Synchronization (2006)

A generalization of the BCJR algorithm is derived to compute joint posterior probabilities of arbitrary sets of symbols given received data. A special case of the new algorithm that computes pairwise joint probabilities is used to evaluate the second order statistics needed for EM estimation of carrier phase and symbol timing offsets in a digitally modulated waveform. This EM estimator is integrated into a turbo synchronization loop in which soft information is exchanged between the generalized BCJR algorithm (the synchronizer) and an LDPC decoder.
Clinical proteomics experiences in Japan on lung cancer treatments with EGFR -TKI-IRESSA (2011)

Pulmonary Diseases such as Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are currently the major leading cause of death and its prevelance is increasing. The leading cause of COPD is smoking and an estimated 600 million patients suffer from the disease. We collected blood plasma from gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients in Japan in a pharmacoepidemiologic cohort study. Today, we are able to optimise lung retention and correlate drug Pharmaco Kinetics in lung with effect and toxicity when only total concentration of drug in lung tissue homogenate can be measured [1].