gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The action of waving cylindrical tails in propelling microscopic organisms (1952)

Abstract The action of the tail of a spermatozoon is discussed from the hydrodynamical point of view. The tail is assumed to be a flexible cylinder which is distorted by waves of lateral displacement propagated along its length. The resulting stress and motion in the surrounding fluid is analyzed mathematically. Waves propagated backwards along the tail give rise to a forward motion with velocity proportional to the square of the ratio of the amplitude of the waves to their length. The rate at which energy must be supplied to maintain the waves against the reaction of the surrounding fluid is calculated. Similar calculations for the case when waves of lateral displacement are propagated as spirals show that the body is propelled at twice the speed given it by waves of the same amplitude when the motion is confined to an axial plane. An externally applied torque is necessary to prevent the reaction of the fluid due to spiral waves from causing the cylinder to rotate. This is remarkable because the cylinder itself does not rotate. A working model of a spermatozoon was made in which spiral waves could travel down a thin rubber tube without rotating it. The torque just referred to was observed and was balanced by an eccentric weight. The performance of the model while swimming freely in glycerine was compared with the calculations. The calculated speed of the model was higher than was observed, but this discrepancy could be accounted for by the fact that the model has a body containing its motive power while the calculations refer to a disembodied tail.
Discovering nontrivial repeating patterns in music data (2001)

A repeating pattern in music data is defined as a sequence of notes which appears more than once in a music object. The themes are a typical kind of repeating patterns. The themes and other nontrivial repeating patterns are important music features which can be used for both content-based retrieval of music data and music data analysis. In this paper, we propose two approaches for fast discovering nontrivial repeating patterns in music objects. In the first approach, we develop a data structure called correlative matrix and its associated algorithms for extracting the repeating patterns. In the second approach, we introduce a string-join operation and a data structure called RP-tree for the same purpose. Experiments are performed to compare these two approaches with others. The results are further analyzed to show the efficiency and the effectiveness of our approaches.
Unilateral Aminoacylation Specificity between Bovine Mitochondria and Eubacteria1 (1991)

The present study shows unilateral aminoacylation specificity between bovine mitochondria and eubacteria (Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus) in five amino acid-specific aminoacylation systems. Mitochondrial synthetases were capable of charging eubacterial tRNA as well as mitochondrial tRNA, whereas eubacterial synthetases did not efficiently charge mitochondrial tRNA. Mitochondrial phenylalanyl-, threonyl-, arginyl-, and lysyl-tRNA synthetases were shown to charge and discriminate cognate E. coli tRNA species from noncognate ones strictly, as did the corresponding E. coli synthetases. By contrast, mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase not only charged cognate E. coli serine tRNA species but also extensively misacylated noncognate E. coli tRNA species. These results suggest a certain conservation of tRNA recognition mechanisms between the mitochondrial and E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in that anticodon sequences are most likely to be recognized by the former four synthetases, but not sufficiently by the seryl-tRNA synthetase. The unilaterality in aminoacylation may imply that tRNA recognition mechanisms of the mitochondrial synthetases have evolved to be, to some extent, simpler than their eubacterial counterparts in response to simplifications in the species-number and the structural elements of animal mitochondrial tRNAs.
Security and management policy specification (2002)

Policies are rules governing the choices in behavior of a system. They are increasingly being used as a means of implementing flexible and adaptive systems for management of Internet services, networks, and security systems. There is also a need for a common specification of security policy for large-scale multi-organizational systems where access control is implemented in a variety of heterogeneous components. In this article we survey both security and management policy specification approaches, concentrating on practical systems in which the policy specification can be directly translated into an implementation.
An Improved Approach of Sending BSR and SR Based on MAC Layer in LTE System (2011)

The Buffer Status Report (BSR) and Scheduling Request (SR) are important procedures based on Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. First, we study the BSR, SR and Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) separately, then illustrate the priority of BSR and other data when sending MAC PDUs. The issue about the priority has been definitely defined by 3GPP, but it doesn't explain the reason, the article made a detailed analysis of it. The UE will send BSR and SR for gaining radio resources, the resources may be wasted if they exist at the same time. Finally we proposed a solution of deciding whether triggering BSR and SR in SPS and a solution of conflicts between padding BSR and other kinds of BSR.
Illumina-based analysis of microbial community diversity (2011)

Microbes commonly exist in milieus of varying complexity and diversity. Although cultivation-based techniques have been unable to accurately capture the true diversity within microbial communities, these deficiencies have been overcome by applying molecular approaches that target the universally conserved 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The recent application of 454 pyrosequencing to simultaneously sequence thousands of 16S rDNA sequences (pyrotags) has revolutionized the characterization of complex microbial communities. To date, studies based on 454 pyrotags have dominated the field, but sequencing platforms that generate many more sequence reads at much lower costs have been developed. Here, we use the Illumina sequencing platform to design a strategy for 16S amplicon analysis (iTags), and assess its generality, practicality and potential complications. We fabricated and sequenced paired-end libraries of amplified hyper-variable 16S rDNA fragments from sets of samples that varied in their contents, ranging from a single bacterium to highly complex communities. We adopted an approach that allowed us to evaluate several potential sources of errors, including sequencing artifacts, amplification biases, non-corresponding paired-end reads and mistakes in taxonomic classification. By considering each source of error, we delineate ways to make biologically relevant and robust conclusions from the millions of sequencing reads that can be readily generated by this technology.
Modeling programmable logic controllers for logic verification (1994)

Verification method has been developed for determining the safety and operability of programmable logic controller (PLC) based systems. The method automatically checks sequential logic embedded in PLCs and provides counterexamples if it finds errors. The method consists of a system model, assertions, and a model checker. The model is a Boolean-based representation of a PLC's behavior. Assertions are questions about the behavior of the system, expressed in temporal logic. The model checker generates a state space based on the above two inputs, searches the space efficiently, determines the consistency of the model and assertions, and supplies counterexamples. A modeling technique has been developed to verify relay ladder logic (RLL), a PLC programming language. The performance of the model checker is studied in a series of alarm designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and characterization of two isomeric liquid crystal series with reactive double bonds (1993)

Abstract Two series of potentially cross-linkable liquid crystal materials derived from p-phenylenebisacrylic (series I, n(P.FB.P), n = 2–10) and p-hydroxycinnamic acid (series II, n(HC.T.HC), n = 2–10) have been synthesized and their thermal and mesomorphic properties studied. All these compounds show enantiotropic mesomorphism over a wide range of temperatures. Compounds with short terminal chains are nematic and when the terminal chain length is increased they show smectic polymorphism-smectic A and C. Most of the compounds are thermally stable over their mesophase ranges.
Retinol Binding Protein 4 Expression in Humans: Relationship to Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Response to Pioglitazone (2007)

RBP4 gene expression in humans is associated with inflammatory markers, but not with insulin resistance. The increase in RBP4 mRNA after pioglitazone treatment is unusual, suggesting a complex regulation of this novel adipokine.
Production and characterization of immortalized rat hepatocytes secreting hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. (2001)

These HGF/SF-secreting hepatocytes can be used as a model system to test a feasibility of using genetically engineered hepatocyte cell line for hepatocyte transplantation in the rat.
Curing of epoxy resins with <i>in situ</i>‐generated substituted ureas (1990)

Abstract An epoxy resin based on bisphenol‐A diglycidylether (DGEBA) was cured with a substituted urea generated in situ from the reaction of piperidine with an equivalent amount of toluenediisocyanate (TDI). Curing at 100°C or higher temperatures, during 24 h, led to a complete conversion of epoxy groups and the appearance of aliphatic ethers and oxazolidone rings as revealed by IR spectra. The epoxy conversion was proportional to the oxazolidone concentration. The reaction heat was (−Δ H ) = 61 kJ/eq. The maximum T g was 102°C, e.g., the same value as the one obtained with piperidine alone. Thus, the cure with the substituted urea leads to a similar network but has the following advantages: increase in the latency of the initial formulation, absence of secondary amine volatilization (reproducible curing schedule), and decrease in the reaction heat per epoxy equivalent.
Enantioselective formation of cyclopropane spiroindenes from benzofulvenes by phase transfer catalysis (2016)

The enantio- and diastereoselective formation of indenes spirofused to highly substituted cyclopropanes is described. The application of a new cinchona alkaloid derived ammonium salt in a phase transfer catalysis setup facilitates high selectivity and excellent yields at low catalyst loadings (0.1-1.0 mol%).
Service Roaming over Mobile Networks: A Reality Check (2007)

Today, international mobile roaming (IMR) is experiencing changes both in terms of technology and business models. Traditionally, voice and SMS have been the only services offered to roaming users with no possibility of accessing destination content (content offered in the visited country). However, with recent advances in technology, new and advanced multimedia services are emerging in the mobile market, creating opportunities for new and existing players in the IMR market and thereby increasing the need for service roaming. Often, implementation of technology and availability of services are dependent upon the existence of sound business models which create value for all the players involved. The paper conducts a feasibility assessment of service roaming by identifying some of the main business issues and its current approach towards roaming users and services which can act as hindrance to the successful implementation of service roaming. Mobile TV is considered as an example service case to illustrate the challenges involved and possible solutions. All the discussions in this paper are based on the GSM family of mobile technologies. However, the same issues are relevant for any other mobile technologies. The overall objective of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of service roaming by taking into consideration the ground realities of the international mobile roaming industry and market.
Body Weight Gain after Administration of Antipsychotic Drugs: Correlation with Leptin, Insulin and Reproductive hormones (2000)

Excessive body weight gain, hyperprolactinemia and low gonadal steroid serum levels are often observed during chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs (AP). Clinical and experimental findings suggest that leptin, the peptidic hormone involved in long-term body weight regulation, and reproductive hormones are interrelated. Therefore, we assessed circulating leptin levels in healthy, lean women (n = 12) and men (n = 7) before and after short-term administration of the AP sulpiride (SUL, 200 mg/day). In addition, we studied psychotic obese (n = 9) and lean women (n = 13) under chronic treatment with diverse AP. No significant weight changes were observed after SUL administration in healthy women--initial weight: 54.9+/-2.6 Kg; final weight: 55.04+/-2.6, NS. Leptin levels did not change either: 11.9+/-1.5 ng/ml. vs. 10.6+/-1.3, NS. By contrast, a small, but significant weight gain was found in SUL-treated men--60.6+/-1.9 Kg. vs. 61.3+/-2.1, p = 0.004. Leptin and insulin levels were significantly higher after SUL administration--leptin: 2.77+/-0.22 ng/ml. vs. 13.9+/-2.5, p=0.035; insulin: 3.59+/-0.17 mIU/ml vs. 8.81+/-0.81, p = 0.0001. In these subjects, leptin levels positively correlated with body weight change (p = 0.006), and serum prolactin change (p = 0.001). Obese psychotic women (Body Mass Index, BMI, Kg/m2 = 31.5+/-1.03) displayed higher leptin levels than non-obese psychotic women (BMI = 25.5+/-0.52): 26.8+/-4.8, vs. 12.8+/-3.4 ng/ml, p = 0.006. In these women, a significant positive correlation was found between leptin levels and BMI (p = 0.0001), and between leptin and basal insulin levels (p = 0.001). These results show that the expected circulating leptin elevation which is observed when body weight raises, is preserved in people treated with AP drugs.
Epithelial displacement during breast needle core biopsy causes diagnostic difficulties in subsequent surgical excision specimens (2006)

Previous observations that epithelial displacement is more likely to occur when the interval between NCB and surgical excision is short are supported.
Pain Management in the Emergency Department: a Review Article on Options and Methods. (2018)

This study was designed to investigate and identify the disadvantages and advantages of using each drug to be able to make the right choices in different clinical situations for patients while paying attention to the limitations of the use of these analgesic drugs.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SERUM HAPTOGLOBINS (1960)

Changes in the serum haptoglobin level have been reported in certain forms of anaemia (Allison and ap Rees, 1957; Allison, 1958; Nosslin and Nyman, 1958; Nyman, Gydell, and Nosslin, 1959), in hepatobiliary disease (Owen, Mackay, and Got, 1959) and in various inflammatory and chronic diseases (Jayle and Boussier, 1955; Allison and Blumberg, 1958). A simple colorimetric procedure for the determination of serum haptoglobins is presented. It is based on the peroxidase activity of haptoglobin-methaemoglobin complexes.
Depth-Conversion in Integral Imaging Three-Dimensional Display by Means of Elemental Image Recombination (2007)

3차원 영상 재생을 위한 집적결상법에서 기본영상의 재조합을 통한 재생영상의 깊이변환에 관하여 연구하였다. 렌즈 배열 또는 카메라 배열 등을 통하여 획득된 영상 배열을 적절한 조건 하에서 재조합하여 재생함으로써 재생영상의 깊이에 대해 도치(pseudoscopic) 영상 또는 정치(orthoscopic) 영상, 허상, 실상 뿐만 아니라 임의의 깊이로의 왜곡 없는 변환이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 각 변환에 대한 재조합 조건을 이론적으로 유도하고 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. We have studied depth conversion of a reconstructed image by means of recombination of the elemental images in the integral imaging system for 3D display. With the recombination, depth conversion to the pseudoscopic, the orthoscopic, the real or the virtual as well as to arbitrary depth without any distortion is possible under proper conditions. The conditions on the recombinations for the depth conversion are theoretically derived. The reconstructed images using the converted elemental images are presented.
Serine Phosphoacceptor Sites within the Core Protein of Hepatitis B Virus Contribute to Genome Replication Pleiotropically (2011)

The core protein of hepatitis B virus can be phosphorylated at serines 155, 162, and 170. The contribution of these serine residues to DNA synthesis was investigated. Core protein mutants were generated in which each serine was replaced with either alanine or aspartate. Aspartates can mimic constitutively phosphorylated serines while alanines can mimic constitutively dephosphorylated serines. The ability of these mutants to carry out each step of DNA synthesis was determined. Alanine substitutions decreased the efficiency of minus-strand DNA elongation, primer translocation, circularization, and plus-strand DNA elongation. Aspartate substitutions also reduced the efficiency of these steps, but the magnitude of the reduction was less. Our findings suggest that phosphorylated serines are required for multiple steps during DNA synthesis. It has been proposed that generation of mature DNA requires serine dephosphorylation. Our results suggest that completion of rcDNA synthesis requires phosphorylated serines.
The Anhydrides of Dimethyl- and Diethylphosphinic Acids (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Anhydrides of Dimethyl- and Diethylphosphinic AcidsGennady M. Kosolapoff and Richard M. WatsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5466–5467Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a532https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a532research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On-Line Handwritten flowchart Recognition, Beautification and Editing System (2012)

In order to segment and recognize on-line handwritten flowchart symbols precisely, we propose a method that segments the graphic symbols based on the loop structure and recognize the segmented symbols by using SVMs. In our experiments, low error rate of 3.37% for symbol segmentation and high recognition rate of 97.6% were obtained. We also propose a beautification and editing method for recognized symbols, and implement them to construct a prototype system. We compare an input time for drawing flowcharts between our system and a traditional application using icon-based interface. As a result, the input time on our system was faster than that on traditional one for flowcharts without texts.
Design and implementation of the Trusted BSD MAC framework (2004)

Developing access control extensions for operating systems is an expensive and time-consuming task. Mechanisms available for access control extension lag behind industry standard extension solutions for file systems, process schedulers, and device drivers, and suffer from a number of serious flaws in modem multi-processor, multi-threaded kernels. In this paper we explore the limitations of current technologies for security extension. We describe the Trusted BSD MAC Framework, a flexible and modular environment for operating system access control extensions on the open source Free BSD platform. The TrustedBSD MAC Framework permits extensions to be introduced at compile-time, boot-time, or at run-time, and provides a number of services to support dynamically introduced policies, including policy-agnostic object labeling services and application interfaces. We discuss the design and implementation of the framework, as well as the an implementation of a fixed-label Biba integrity policy based on the framework.
The coagulation system changes in patients with chronic heart failure (2010)

Though heart failure can mainly be caused by systolic or diastolic dysfunction, the impairments of the neurohormonal, immune, and hemostatic systems are observed too. Therefore, it is not easy to determine etiology of the syndrome. Parameters that can be helpful to predict chronic heart failure, to evaluate its course and the risk of complications are still being searched. The aim of this article is to review the recent studies in order to find the links between the coagulation system and the development of chronic heart failure. Stress is a key factor for the development of most diseases including chronic heart failure too. Signals of emotional and physical stress via particular structures trigger an increase in concentrations of the following hormones: noradrenaline, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin. It is proved that it causes the disorders of the coagulation system: an increase in the following factors of plasma coagulation (fibrinogen, VII, VIII, fibrinopeptide A, thrombin-antithrombin complex), fibrinolysis (D-dimer), endothelium (interleukin 1, endothelin 1, vascular cell adhesion molecules, endothelial growth factor), platelet activity (von Willebrand factor, intercellular adhesion molecules, platelet factor 4, P-selectin, thromboxane A(2), thromboglobulin, CD63P) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6) and decrease in E-selectin. The role of particular coagulation factors for the development of chronic heart failure has not been understood yet. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further studies.