gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Source-specific learning and binaural cues selection techniques for audio source separation (2015)

Several audio source separation techniques, which aim to determine the original sources given their acoustic mixtures, are proposed in this research. Two different mixing processes are considered in terms of the number of microphones: single-channel and multi-channel settings. Since no spatial cue is used in the single-channel observation, we exploit different characteristics of audio sounds. In the case of multichannel mixtures, the spatial information to the sound field enables us to estimate the mixing system by locating sound sources.
A mobile modified-atmosphere killing system for small-flock depopulation (2012)

A modified-atmosphere killing system mounted on a trailer was tested for the purpose of humanely depopulating backyard or other small poultry flocks in emergency situations. It was evaluated using CO2 and N2 to kill spent layer breeders, spent laying hens, turkey broiler hens, and broiler chickens of several ages. The system performed well with either gas when the atmosphere in the killing chamber was controlled automatically by sensors, or when it was manually guided by the operator's observation of bird behavior. With CO2, birds could be loaded continuously into a killing atmosphere because it was possible to maintain sufficiently high concentrations of the gas during the process. As a result, the conscious experience of each bird in the chamber was short. Automated control of the gas delivery system was helpful to hold CO2 at a preset level, ensuring a quick kill of birds while minimizing CO2 consumption. It also eliminated the need for an operator skilled at interpreting bird behavior to judge the quality of the atmosphere in the chamber. With N2, birds must be killed in batches because the very low levels of residual O2 necessary to cause death cannot be maintained during loading. As such, automation of gas delivery is unnecessary when using N2 and the gas valve can be opened manually after a batch of birds is loaded to allow continuous gas injection until the birds expire. The chamber was able to hold more than 1,200 lb (544 kg) of carcasses, which numbered from 79 turkeys weighing 15.6 lb (7.1 kg) to almost 600 broiler chickens weighing 3 lb (1.4 kg) in the tests of this study. This capacity is more than enough to hold most backyard flocks in 1 load, and the fully loaded trailer can be towed without difficulty by a half-ton pickup truck.
General Area or Approximate Location? (2014)

More than half of American adults use smartphones and about two thirds of them use location-based services. On Android smartphones, these location-based services are implemented by apps. Android phones provide two location-related permissions: "precise" location and "approximate" location. In this paper, we present an online survey of 106 Android users to investigate how people understand location descriptions related to their apps. Our results suggest that most participants considered the "precise" location to mean their exact location and the "approximate" location as a general area. This mental model of the "approximate" location seems to allay people's privacy concerns related to their apps. However, after participants were shown the ground truth of how accurate "approximate" location actually is, twice as many participants no longer thought "approximate" location offered enough protection, compared to before showing the ground truth. Our results indicate that the location permissions might mislead smartphone users about the privacy protections the apps are providing.
On the role of electrostatics in protein–protein interactions (2011)

The role of electrostatics in protein-protein interactions and binding is reviewed in this paper. A brief outline of the computational modeling, in the framework of continuum electrostatics, is presented and the basic electrostatic effects occurring upon the formation of the complex are discussed. The effect of the salt concentration and pH of the water phase on protein-protein binding free energy is demonstrated which indicates that the increase of the salt concentration tends to weaken the binding, an observation that is attributed to the optimization of the charge-charge interactions across the interface. It is pointed out that the pH-optimum (pH of optimal binding affinity) varies among the protein-protein complexes, and perhaps is a result of their adaptation to particular subcellular compartments. The similarities and differences between hetero- and homo-complexes are outlined and discussed with respect to the binding mode and charge complementarity.
Preliminary Study For Separation Of Heavy Rare Earth Concentrates From Egyptian Crude Monazite (2015)

Heavy rare earth (HRE) oxalate concentrates were<br> prepared from the Egyptian crude monazite sand (graded about 47%).<br> The concentrates were specified quantitatively for their constituents<br> of individual rare earth elements using ion chromatograph (IC) and<br> qualitatively by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the other<br> major constituents. The 1st concentrate was composed of 10.5%<br> HREE where 7.25% of them represented yttrium. The 2nd concentrate<br> contained about 41.7% LREE, 17.5% HREE and 13.6% Th. The<br> LREE involved 18.3% Ce, 10.5% La and 8% Nd while the HREE<br> were 8.7% Y, 3.5% Gd and 2.9% Dy. The 3rd concentrate was<br> containing about 8.0% LREE (3.7% Ce, 2.0% La and 1.5% Nd),<br> 10.2% HREE (6.4% yttrium and 2.0% Dy) and 2.1% uranium. The<br> final concentrate comprised 0.84% uranium beside iron, chromium<br> and traces of REE.
Cognition and Faith Formation: A Reflection on the Interrelationship of Schema, Thema, and Faith (2007)

In the effort of suggesting a holistic paradigm of Christian nurture, this paper examines the relationship between cognition and faith. 1 The author relies on and expresses the epistemic frameworks of Piaget (1969, 1970) and Vygotsky (1962) particularly as they relate to faith formation. 2 The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explain the theoretical underpinning of the two perspectives of faith formation; and second, to set forth a broader framework within which to think about the interface between cognition and faith. The paper is not by any means an exhaustive or a definitive study of faith development. It offers a limited theoretical reflection on two distinct modes of cognition that contribute to the preliminary conception and validation of faith, hence the word formation rather than development will be used.
A JFET input single supply operational amplifier with rail-to-rail output (1993)

A JFET input single supply amplifier functioning on supplies from +3 to +36 volts and 700 /spl mu/A supply current is described. The common-emitter output stage's saturation resistance of 40 ohms to the positive supply and 20 ohms to the negative supply allow rail-to-rail output voltages even with heavy load currents. An N-channel JFET folded cascode input stage provides a robust low noise front end with an input voltage range from 0.2 volts below the negative supply to 1 volt below the positive supply.
Hipospadias Cerrahi Tedavisi Dokuz Yıllık Deneyim (1980)

Bu yazımızda, 1972 yılından bu yana değişik lokalizasyonlu hipopadias vakaları için başlangıçta uyguladığımız Horton-Devive yöntemi şematik olarak açıklanmış, tek oturumda tamamlanan bu tekniğin iyi tarafları ile, değişik lokalizasyonlardaki hipopadiaslar için yaptığımız modifikasyonlar, ameliyat sonrası bakım ve 104 vakada aldığımız sonuçlar etraflı olarak tartışılmıştır. Bu ameliyat yöntemini uyguladığımız ilk 50 vakada iki vakanın tam başarısızlıkla sonuçlanması ve vakaların %50&#039;sinde fistül oluşumu bizi ameliyat sonu devrede komplikasyonları önleyici yeni yöntemler araştırmaya itmiştir. Kanımızca ameliyat sonrası dönemde anastomoz ve serbest deri grefti bölümünde sıklıkla görülen enfeksiyonun nedeni olarak proksimal uretrada biriken salgılar sorumlu turulmuş ve basit bir yöntem geliştirilerek bunların ameliyat sonrası devamlı aspirasyonu sağlanmıştır.İlk 45 vakadan sonra, glans ventral yüzünde üç adet triangüler flep meydana getiren Horton-Devine tekniği yerine tek triangüler flep tekniği seçilmiş ve böylece glans penis&#039;in ventral yüzü bütünlüğü korunmuştur. Diseksiyondaki bütün titizliğimize rağmen ameliyat sonrası devrede daha çok ereksiyona bağlı hematom oluşumu için de, diseksiyon bölgesi özellikle olgun yaştaki hastalarda ameliyat sonrası bir kaç gün Monvac yardımı ile aspire edilmiştir. Hernekadar alınan bu önlemlerle özellikle son vakalarımızda fistül ve diğer komplikasyonların oluşumu belirgin şekilde önlenmiş ise de, vakalarımızın %10&#039;unda başarılı olamadık.
Actas do 1º Encontro do Mel das Arribas do Douro - ArribasMel 2004 (2004)

Livro de resumos do 1º Encontro do Mel das Arribas do Douro - ArribasMel 2004, realizado no Solar dos Marcos, Bemposta, Mogadouro, 27 de Março 2004.
Managing chromoblastomycosis (2010)

Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection caused by the traumatic inoculation of the skin with pigmented saprophytic moulds. Although infection is rarely fatal, it is characteristically chronic and can be complicated by lymphatic damage and malignant transformation. Despite a variety of treatment modalities, which are often combined and include long courses of antifungals, surgical excision and destructive physical therapies, it remains one of the most difficult deep mycotic infections to eradicate.
Deficiency of α-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) Occurs in Different Forms of Muscular Dystrophy (1997)

The alpha-actinins belong to a superfamily of cytoskeletal proteins, and their role in human genetic diseases is still unclear. Therefore, they could be good candidates for muscular dystrophies of unknown etiology. We have analyzed alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in muscle biopsies from a total of 54 patients. A complete deficiency was found in 9 patients: 2/12 with classical merosin-positive congenital MD (CMD), 1/12 with Severe Childhood Autosomal Recessive MD (DLMD), but with a positive IF pattern for the proteins of the sarcoglycan complex: 3/14 with mild limb-girdie MD (1LGMD2A and 2 yet unclassified), 1/10 with sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD2C), and 2/6 with Xp21 Duchenne MD (DMD). Patients within the same family, and with the same disease (DMD, LGMD2A, LGMD2C), were discordant for ACTN3 deficiency. Additionally, no correlation was found with the degree of muscle degeneration, nor with the clinical course. One ACTN3-deficient CMD patient showed no mRNA expression for the muscle ACTN3 gene, but the other ACTN3-deficient patients with different forms of muscular dystrophy showed very low or no mRNA expression as well. These results show that the deficiency of ACTN3 is a secondary effect in these dystrophies.
[Assessing indexes in the ECG data compression]. (1997)

This paper describes various numerical assessing indexes in evaluating algorithms for the ECG data compression, such as numerical indexes of similarity (CC, RMS, PRD), indexes of error (amplitude error, peak error), efficiency of compression (Compression Ratio, bit rate), computing complexity, and so on. It also involves visual inspection which is more important in assessing algorithms.
Diffuse Esophageal Spasm: A Case Study (2011)

Paper presented to the 7th Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Marcus Welcome Center, Wichita State University, May 4, 2011.
Integer programming approach to printed circuit board assembly time optimization (1995)

A printed circuit board (PCB) assembly task requires that a set of components be picked from their respective pickup locations and then be placed at their respective placement locations on the card being assembled. A pick-and-place robot is used for automated assembly of PCB's. The overall assembly time depends on two different decision variables: (i) the pickup locations of the components (in general there are several alternative pickup locations available, whereas the placement location of components is fixed and is determined by the card being assembled), and (ii) the sequence in which the pickup and placement of components is performed. In this paper, we develop a technique based on integer programming to determine both an optimal assignment of pickup locations as well as an optimal sequence of pickup and placements of the components. We demonstrate that the overall optimization problem is an instance of linear integer programming, and hence it is computationally intractable. We obtain near optimal solutions-that are computationally tractable-using the techniques of (i) minimum weight matching for determining an optimal assignment of pickup locations, and (ii) traveling salesman problem for determining an optimum sequence of pickups and placements. Near optimal solutions provide an upper bound for the optimal assembly time; we consider a linear programming relaxation of the problem to obtain a lower bound for the optimal assembly time. The gap between the upper bound and the lower bound provides a measure of closeness of near optimal solutions to an optimal one. Finally, we use simulations to compare the saving in overall assembly time using the techniques developed here and some of the techniques that are currently in use in industrial settings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current status and perspectives in translational biomarker research for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy (2016)

Modulating immune inhibitory pathways has been a major recent breakthrough in cancer treatment. Checkpoint blockade antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) have demonstrated acceptable toxicity, promising clinical responses, durable disease control, and improved survival in some patients with advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and other tumor types. About 20 % of advanced NSCLC patients and 30 % of advanced melanoma patients experience tumor responses from checkpoint blockade monotherapy, with better clinical responses seen with the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Given the power of these new therapies, it is important to understand the complex and dynamic nature of host immune responses and the regulation of additional molecules in the tumor microenvironment and normal organs in response to the checkpoint blockade therapies. In this era of precision oncology, there remains a largely unmet need to identify the patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy, to optimize the monitoring assays for tumor-specific immune responses, to develop strategies to improve clinical efficacy, and to identify biomarkers so that immune-related adverse events can be avoided. At this time, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining using 22C3 antibody is the only FDA-approved companion diagnostic for patients with NSCLC-treated pembrolizumab, but more are expected to come to market. We here summarize the current knowledge, clinical efficacy, potential immune biomarkers, and associated assays for immune checkpoint blockade therapies in advanced solid tumors.
Communication Behavior Structure Mining Based on Electromagnetic Spectrum Analysis (2019)

In order to guarantee the emergency communication of anti-terrorism and safeguard stability, owing to the needs of several works such as ensuring the security for major events and maintaining social stability, it is of great significance to master the communication situation of the target area through electromagnetic spectrum analysis for the problem that signal content is difficult to capture. From the perspective of electromagnetic analysis, this paper simulates spectrum monitoring data of the monitoring station, analyzes the communication relationship by statistical analysis of electromagnetic signals, and uses the path loss model to locate the communication nodes. Experimental results show that this method can effectively obtain the communication behavior structure of the object region.
Expression of a Core 3 Disialyl-Le<sup>x</sup> Hexasaccharide in Human Colorectal Cancers: A Potential Marker of Malignant Transformation in Colon (2009)

Cancer-associated alterations in cell surface and secreted glycoproteins have been catalogued for many years but many of the studies of alterations in mucin carbohydrate have relied on histochemical or immunohistochemical methods, with little direct chemical analysis. In this study, we analyzed the O-glycosylation pattern of MUC2 glycoprotein isolated from colorectal carcinomas, transitional mucosa and resection margins from three patients with blood group A, B and O, respectively. After alkaline borohydride treatment, the released oligosaccharides were structurally characterized by nanoESI Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry without prior fractionation or derivatization. As expected, we found an increased expression of sialyl-Tn antigen in the colonic cancer mucins. A more interesting feature was the increased expression of a core 3 sialyl-Le(x) hexasaccharide, NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-3(NeuAcalpha2-6)GalNAc in tumor, which appeared to compete with its sulfo-Le(x) counterpart in normal tissue, SO3-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-3(NeuAcalpha2-6)GalNAc. This antigen, whose structure was confirmed by NMR experiments, is based on a core 3 glycan and may be a potential marker for the malignant transformation of colonic cells. Unexpectedly, most of the glycans recovered in normal and carcinomas extracts were based on a sialylated core 3, GlcNAcbeta1-3(NeuAcalpha2-6)GalNAcol. Moreover, the pattern of glycosylation was very similar between mucins isolated from each sample, the main differences related to the level of expression of the major oligosaccharides. The data obtained in this investigation may have value for future screening studies on colorectal cancer.
Apolipoprotein E knock-out and knock-in mice: atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and beyond (2008)

Given the multiple differences between mice and men, it was once thought that mice could not be used to model atherosclerosis, principally a human disease. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoEKO) mice have convincingly changed this view, and the ability to model human-like plaques in these mice has provided scientists a platform to study multiple facets of atherogenesis and to explore potential therapeutic interventions. In addition to its well-established role in lipoprotein metabolism, recent observations of reduced adiposity and improved glucose homeostasis in apoEKO mice suggest that apoE may also play a key role in energy metabolism in peripheral organs, including adipose tissue. Finally, along with apoEKO mice, knockin mice expressing human apoE isoforms in place of endogenous mouse apoE have provided insights into how quantitative and qualitative genetic alterations interact with the environment in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases.
Synthesis of N~4-Alkyl-5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (2001)

A series of new N 4-alkyl-5-methyl-2′-deoxytidines was synthesized by displacement of triazole group at C 4 of 1-(3′,5′-O-dibenzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-methyl-pyri- midin -2-(1H)-one, which was obtained conveniently by condensation of 3′,5′-O-dibenzoylthymidine with 1,2,4-triazole in the presence of POCl 3.
Relationships between enzymatic catalysis and active site structure revealed by applications of site-directed mutagenesis (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelationships between enzymatic catalysis and active site structure revealed by applications of site-directed mutagenesisJohn A. GerltCite this: Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 5, 1079–1105Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00081a010https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00081a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Service Point Estimation Model for SOA Based Projects (2013)

Given that the notion of service includes many more aspects that just functional logic served by that service, the estimation model considers all 3 aspects of service design – functional complexity, Quality of Service (QoS) expectations and service development environment; while calculating the size of Service at granularity of both service operations and service interface contracts. In past we have clearly felt the absence of a scientific method to estimate SOA projects in terms of the core unit of these projects – the services. This model is an attempt to fill that gap. The entire portfolio of service development, large scale service migrations and technology transformation programs are expected to get benefitted from the model because SOA is the norm in majority of systems development projects across
Credit Scoring Model Based on the Decision Tree and the Simulated Annealing Algorithm (2009)

Credit scoring models have been widely studied in academic world and the business community. Many novel approaches such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), rough sets, or decision trees have been proposed to increase the accuracy of credit scoring models. The C4.5 is a learning algorithm which adopts local search strategy, it cannot obtain the best decision rules. On the other hand, the simulated annealing algorithm is a global optimized algorithm, it avoids the drawbacks of C4.5. This paper proposes a new credit scoring model based on decision tree and simulated annealing algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is effective.
Religion and Belief (1971)

I agree with Dr. Blanshard that religion needs reason, and belief should be made as rational as possible. It is an ethical responsibility to believe the truth. But belief always includes an element of tentativeness. So belief is sometimes appropriate, even in the absence of compelling evidence. Moreover, religion is related to a very different reality than is science. Consequently, the kinds of evidence that are appropriate to the one are not necessarily appropriate to the other. Insofar as God is conceived as a person, rather than an impersonal object, God cannot be approached or studied in the way in which we study impersonal objects.
Radioisotope-Powered Photovoltaic Generator (1979)

Disposing of radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants has become one of the most important issues facing the nuclear industry. In a new concept, called a radioisotope photovoltaic generator, a portion of this waste would be used in conjunction with a scintillation material to produce light, with subsequent conversion into electricity via photovoltaic cells. Three types of scintillators and two types of silicon cells were tested in six combinations using 32P as the radioisotope. The highest system efficiency, determined to be 0.5% when the light intensity was normalized to 100 mW/cm2, was obtained using a CsI crystal scintillator and a “Helios” photovoltaic cell