gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination of chloride, chlorite, and chlorate ions in a mixture by successive potentiometric titrations (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative determination of chloride, chlorite, and chlorate ions in a mixture by successive potentiometric titrationsTsung-Fei. Tang and Gilbert. GordonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 9, 1430–1433Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50059a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50059a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views692Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early posterior neural tissue is induced by FGF in the chick embryo (1998)

Signals that induce neural cell fate in amniote embryos emanate from a unique cell population found at the anterior end of the primitive streak. Cells in this region express a number of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), a group of secreted proteins implicated in the induction and patterning of neural tissue in the amphibian embryo. Here we exploit the large size and accessibility of the early chick embryo to analyse the function of FGF signalling specifically during neural induction. Our results demonstrate that extraembryonic epiblast cells previously shown to be responsive to endogenous neural-inducing signals express early posterior neural genes in response to local, physiological levels of FGF signal. This neural tissue does not express anterior neural markers or undergo neuronal differentiation and forms in the absence of axial mesoderm. Prospective mesodermal tissue is, however, induced and we present evidence for both the direct and indirect action of FGFs on prospective posterior neural tissue. These findings suggest that FGF signalling underlies a specific aspect of neural induction, the initiation of the programme that leads to the generation of the posterior central nervous system.
[Pharmacologic effects of tofizopam (Grandaxin)]. (1993)

A great number of the anxiolytics used in the clinical practice are structurally 1,4-benzodiazepines. Tofisopam is the first derivative which differs from the so-called classical benzodiazepines in the position of the nitrogen atoms i.e. in the case of tofisopam they are vicinals (2.3-). This difference in its structure is suspected to be responsible for the different pharmacological and clinical profile of tofisopam. In addition to the anxiolytic activity, sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsive effects are the main characteristics of the most frequently used representative of 1,4-benzodiazepines, diazepam. In contrast, to the above mentioned, tofisopam produces sedation only in higher doses, and does not possess anticonvulsive and appreciable muscle relaxant effects. Tofisopam does not induce sleep even in subtoxic doses, and only high doses enhance the effect of barbiturates and ethanol. Applying doses above 200 mg/kg, tofisopam exhibits effects similar to that of neuroleptics (e.g. catalepsy, ptosis, decrease of pentetrazol threshold, potentiation of amphetamine and apomorphine stereotypy). After repeated administration tolerance to the drug was not observed. Tofisopam does not bind in the CNS neither to the 1,4-benzodiazepine, nor to the GABA receptors, but it enhances the binding of benzodiazepines and muscimol to their binding sites. Tofisopam has also mixed dopamine agonist and antagonist like properties.
Effectiveness of Gel Repellents on Feral Pigeons (2013)

Millions of feral pigeons (Columba livia) live in close association with the human population in our cities. They pose serious health risks to humans and lead to high economic loss due to damage caused to buildings. Consequently, house owners and city authorities are not willing to allow pigeons on their buildings. While various avian repellents are regularly introduced onto the market, scientific proof of efficacy is lacking. This study aimed at testing the effectiveness of two avian gel repellents and additionally examined their application from animal welfare standpoint. The gels used an alleged tactile or visual aversion of the birds, reinforced by additional sensory cues. We mounted experimental shelves with the installed repellents in a pigeon loft and observed the behavior of free-living feral pigeons towards the systems. Both gels showed a restricted, transient repellent effect, but failed to prove the claimed complete effectiveness. Additionally, the gels' adhesive effect remains doubtful in view of animal welfare because gluing of plumage presents a risk to feral pigeons and also to other non-target birds. This study infers that both gels lack the promised complete efficacy, conflict with animal welfare concerns and are therefore not suitable for feral pigeon management in urban areas.
Research methodology. Part IV: Understanding canonical correlation analysis. (1996)

Canonical correlation is presented as a technique to determine how sets of dependent variables are related with sets of independent variables. Canonical correlation reveals the strength of the relationship between the clusters using case data as illustration, three pairs of clusters (factors or profiles) emerged. Interpretation of the clusters are presented. As indicated in the case presentation, Canonical Correlation (CA) is the fourth in a series of methodologies selected for illustration as precursors to advanced statistics and modeling. In this paper, background will be given, a schematic example presented, sample size and CA, SPSS procedure to perform CA, and interpretation of CA and possible uses of CA in nursing research.
Polymerizable derivatives of long‐chain alcohols. II. Reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of some alkyl acrylates (1960)

Abstract Monomer reactivity ratios were determined for the copolymerization of some alkyl acrylate esters and, respectively, acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride. For acrylonitrile (M 1 ), the values found were: for butyl acrylate, r 1 = 1.52 ± 0.03, r 2 = 0.75 ± 0.18; for octyl acrylate, r 1 = 1.93 ± 0.08, r 2 = 0.83 ± 0.23; for octadecyl acrylate, r 1 = 1.74 ± 0.04, r 2 = 0.68 ± 0.18. If it is assumed that there is no change in the magnitude of the kinetic constants with chain length, a value for the generalized alkyl acrylate and acrylonitrile may be calculated and r 1 = 1.61 ± 0.04, r 2 = 0.50 ± 0.19. Values found with vinylidene chloride (M 1 ) were: for butyl acrylate, r 1 = 0.88 ± 0.10, r 2 = 0.83 ± 0.02; for octyl acrylate, r 1 = 0.87 ± 0.02, r 2 = 0.70 ± 0.01; for octadecyl acrylate, r 1 = 0.91 ± 0.05, r 2 = 1.01 ± 0.01. For the generalized alkyl acrylate, the calculated values were r 1 = 0.88 ± 0.04, r 2 = 0.84 ± 0.01.
Emotion Based Facial Expression Detection Using Machine Learning Approach (2020)

Humans have the capability to deliver many emotions during a conversation. Facial expressions show information about emotions. The major issue is to understand the facial expression during communication. Every face is an index of the mind. The objective of this study is to design a framework which has the ability to recognize human facial expression. Permanent and temporary facial expressions appear during conversation and detect using different face detection techniques. In this study, an emotion-based face identification system has been proposed by employing different machine learning approaches. Taiwanese Facial Expression Image Database (TFEID) has been used for three types of facial expression such as Angry, Happy and Sad. Each facial expression (Angry, Happy and Sad) contains 40 images and calculate total 120 (40 x 3) images dataset. For image pre-processing, Median filter has been employed on this dataset and converted color images to grayscale. Six non-overlapping regions of interest (ROIs) have been taken on every image and calculate 720 (120 x 6) ROIs on the overall dataset. Texture (T), Histogram (H) and Binary (B) features have been calculated on these three categories and extracted 43 features on each (ROIs) and calculated total 30960 (720 x 43) features vector pace on the deployed dataset. The Best First Search (BFS) algorithm has been implemented for feature optimization. The optimized dataset has been deployed to different machine learning classifiers namely Random Sub Space, Random Committee, Bagging, Random Forest, J48 and LMT. TreeRandom Forest has shown the best overall accuracy results among the deployed classifiers. The overall accuracy results of 95.277% has been observed by Tree Random Forest.
QoS routing in ad hoc wireless networks (2002)

The emergence of nomadic applications have generated a lot of interest in wireless network infrastructures which support multimedia services. We propose a bandwidth routing algorithm for multimedia support in a multihop wireless network. This network can be interconnected to wired networks (e.g. ATM or the Internet) or stand alone. Our bandwidth routing includes bandwidth calculation and reservation schemes. Under such a routing algorithm, we can derive a route to satisfy the bandwidth requirement for the QoS constraint. At a source node, the bandwidth information can be used to decide to accept a new call or not immediately. This is specially important to carry out a fast handoff when interconnecting to an ATM backbone infrastructure. It enables an efficient call admission control. The simulation results show that the bandwidth routing algorithm is very useful in extending the ATM virtual circuit service to the wireless network. Different types of QoS traffic can be integrated in such a dynamic radio network with high performance.
System V/MLS Labeling and Mandatory Policy Alternatives (1988)

System V/MLS is a product based on the UNIX® operating system, developed within AT&T Federal Systems Division to address National Computer Security Center (NCSC) requirements at the B level. This paper describes the alternatives that were analyzed in designing and implementing labeling and mandatory access control features to provide security, flexibility, and ease of use within a UNIX System V-compatible framework.
Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Human<i>Argininosuccinate Lyase</i>(<i>ASL</i>) Gene (2013)

Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD) is caused by a defect of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) encoded by the ASL gene. Patients often present early after birth with hyperammonemia but can also manifest outside the neonatal period mainly triggered by excessive protein catabolism. Clinical courses comprise asymptomatic individuals who only excrete the biochemical marker, argininosuccinic acid, in urine, and patients who succumb to their first hyperammonemic decompensation. Some patients without any hyperammonemia develop severe neurological disease. Here, we are providing an update on the molecular basis of ASLD by collecting all published (n = 67) as well as novel mutations (n = 67) of the ASL gene. We compile data on all 160 different genotypes ever identified in 223 ASLD patients, including clinical courses whenever available. Finally, we are presenting structural considerations focusing on the relevance of mutations for ASL homotetramer formation. ASLD can be considered as a panethnic disease with only single founder mutations identified in the Finnish (c.299T>C, p.Ile100Thr) and Arab (c.1060C>T, p.Gln354*) population. Most mutations are private with only few genotypes recurring in unrelated patients. The majority of mutations are missense changes including some with more frequent occurrence such as p.Arg12Gln, p.Ile100Thr, p.Val178Met, p.Arg186Trp, p.Glu189Gly, p.Gln286Arg, and p.Arg385Cys.
A new prediction search algorithm for block motion estimation in video coding (1997)

Abstract motion estimation plays an important role for the compression of video signals. This paper presents a new prediction search algorithm (PSA) for block motion estimation. The proposed method utilizes the linear weighting of the motion vectors of the three adjacent blocks to obtain a prediction motion vector, namely, the initial search point. Using a 3/spl times/3 movable search window, it then searches from the prediction point with a fixed search step size of one until it reaches the boundary of search area or its local minimum point lies in the center of search window. Based on the spatial characteristics of the center-biased distance between a motion vector and the corresponding prediction vector and the temporal correlation of motion vectors, this method can significantly reduce the search times. Simulation results show that the proposed PSA is better than the three-step search algorithm and the four-step search algorithm in terms of MSE with smaller computational requirement.
Trypanocide Diamidine mit drei isolierten Ringsystemen (1975)

Abstract Ein zusätzlicher Benzolring am Fünfring von Diamidinen des Typs A vermindert die trypanocide Eigenschaft, wie sich an Beispielen mit dem Gerüst des 2,3‐Diphenylbenzo[b]‐thiophens (3e) und des 2,3‐Diphenylindols (4d, 5d) zeigt, ohne Gewinn an bakteriostatischen oder fungistatischen Eigenschaften. Dieser Gewinn kann durch eine „Phenoxyerweiterung”︁ erzielt werden, wie sich an den in 2‐Stellung durch ‐C 6 H 4 ‐X‐C 6 H 4 ‐R (X = 0 oder OCH 2 ‐CH 2 0) substituierten Diamidinen 7b und 7c des Indols zeigt. Zu ihrer Synthese wurden substituierte o‐Nitrophenylessigsäuren mit Phenol oder Phenoläthern in Fluorwasserstoff zu 2'‐Nitrodesoxybenzoinen kondensiert, bei deren Reduktion mit Zinkstaub in Eisessig Indolverbindungen entstanden, während eine Reduktion mit frischem Eisen(I1)‐hydroxid zu 3H‐Indolverbindungen führte. ‐ Eine Aufhebung der Anellierung des Fünfringes beim Typ A bewahrt bei Diamidinen mit dem dreiteiligen Ger¨︁ust, Benzol‐hetereocyclischer Fünfring‐Benzol, nurmehr eine Wirksamkeit gegen Trypanosoma rhodesiense, welche bei dem Isoxazol 45c überragend ist.
Methods for cleaning the BOLD fMRI signal (2016)

Blood oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) has rapidly become a popular technique for the investigation of brain function in healthy individuals, patients as well as in animal studies. However, the BOLD signal arises from a complex mixture of neuronal, metabolic and vascular processes, being therefore an indirect measure of neuronal activity, which is further severely corrupted by multiple non-neuronal fluctuations of instrumental, physiological or subject-specific origin. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing methods for cleaning the BOLD fMRI signal. The description is given from a methodological point of view, focusing on the operation of the different techniques in addition to pointing out the advantages and limitations in their application. Since motion-related and physiological noise fluctuations are two of the main noise components of the signal, techniques targeting their removal are primarily addressed, including both data-driven approaches and using external recordings. Data-driven approaches, which are less specific in the assumed model and can simultaneously reduce multiple noise fluctuations, are mainly based on data decomposition techniques such as principal and independent component analysis. Importantly, the usefulness of strategies that benefit from the information available in the phase component of the signal, or in multiple signal echoes is also highlighted. The use of global signal regression for denoising is also addressed. Finally, practical recommendations regarding the optimization of the preprocessing pipeline for the purpose of denoising and future venues of research are indicated. Through the review, we summarize the importance of signal denoising as an essential step in the analysis pipeline of task-based and resting state fMRI studies.
The Importance of Psychotherapy in Sickness Insurance (1940)

This paper was written for the International Congress of Psychotherapy, London, summer 1938, but political circumstances at that time prevented its presentation.
Non-invasive measurement study of human blood alcohol concentration based on NIR dynamic spectrum (2011)

By collecting the NIR spectroscopy of human finger end artery blood, the dynamic spectrum data can be obtained. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to establish the calibration model of dynamic spectrum data and volunteers' biochemical analysis alcohol concentration values, and then the human blood alcohol concentration can be predicted. 104 finger end dynamic spectral data, obtained from 104 volunteers after drinking, the calibration set contains 80 swatches, and the prediction set contains 24 swatches, for calibration set and prediction set, the correlation coefficient are 0.9672 and 0.9384. For prediction set, the maximum relative error is 9%, the minimum relative error is 0.6%, and the average relative error is 3.26%. The measurement results show that NIR dynamic spectrum method can be applied to realize the non-invasive measurement of alcohol concentration in human blood. It can be a very desirable non-invasive measurement method for alcohol concentration in human blood.
Aproximación al republicanismo en el pensamiento artiguista a través del análisis del concepto «pueblos» (2004)

Este artículo analiza el pensamiento de José Gervasio Artigas (1764-1850), en concreto su idea de «soberanía particular de los pueblos», a partir del concepto «pueblos» sustentado, por una parte, por un lenguaje republicano donde la ley era fundamental para garantizar la libertad de los «ciudadanos virtuosos»; y por otro, sustentador de la autoridad que legalizaba el «sistema federal», pero que al mismo tiempo le confería la autoridad máxima al propio Artigas que acaba constituyéndose en garante del sistema. La importancia del concepto «pueblos» fue decisiva en el Río de la Plata, constituyendo uno de los pilares de la constitución de los nuevos Estados, tanto en la futura Argentina como en el Uruguay.
Variable selection techniques in discriminant analysis: II. Allocation (1982)

The literature dealing with the selection of variables for allocation procedures is examined. Two types of technique are discussed, namely, those which use group separation as the criterion for variable selection and those which more appropriately employ error rates in allocation.
Warm white LED light by frequency down-conversion of mixed yellow and red Lumogen (2013)

This work reports on the benefits and promising opportunities offered by white LED hybrid technology, based on a mixing perylene-based dyes in order to obtain a warm white light for frequency-down conversion. In a standard Ce:YAG-based white LED, the white light appears cold due to the weakness of red wavelength components in the emission spectrum. In order to obtain a warmer white, one possible solution is to add a red phosphor to the yellow one to move the chromatic coordinates properly, though the luminous efficiency drastically decreases due to the increased light absorption of the coating layer. It is generally believed that the low efficiency of warm white LEDs is the main issue today for LED-based lighting. Using photoluminescence of Lumogen® F Yellow 083, a perylene-based polymer dye commercialized by BASF, and adding a small quantity of another perylene-based dye, Lumogen® F Red 305 (BASF), we obtained high-efficiency warm white LEDs by yellow and red conversion from a standard 450 nm GaN/InGaN royal blue LED. Different weight proportions of dyes were dissolved in solutions with equal amounts of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) in ethyl acetate, then the LEDs were dip-coated in each solution and optically characterized. Record values of 8.03 lm of luminous flux and 116.11 lm/W of optical efficiency were achieved. Finally, the effects of both driving current, and pump wavelength on LED performances – such as chromatic coordinates, correlated color temperature, color rendering index (CRI), and optical efficiency – were investigated.
Preventative role of interleukin-17 producing regulatory T helper type 17 (Treg17) cells in type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice (2015)

T helper type 17 (Th17) cells have been shown to be pathogenic in autoimmune diseases; however, their role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains inconclusive. We have found that Th17 differentiation of CD4(+) T cells from BDC2·5 T cell receptor transgenic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice can be driven by interleukin (IL)-23+IL-6 to produce large amounts of IL-22, and these cells induce T1D in young NOD mice upon adoptive transfer. Conversely, polarizing these cells with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β+IL-6 led to non-diabetogenic regulatory Th17 (Treg 17) cells that express high levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and IL-10 but produced much reduced levels of IL-22. The diabetogenic potential of these Th17 subsets was assessed by adoptive transfer studies in young NOD mice and not NOD.severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to prevent possible transdifferentiation of these cells in vivo. Based upon our results, we suggest that both pathogenic Th17 cells and non-pathogenic regulatory Treg 17 cells can be generated from CD4(+) T cells under appropriate polarization conditions. This may explain the contradictory role of Th17 cells in T1D. The IL-17 producing Treg 17 cells offer a novel regulatory T cell population for the modulation of autoimmunity.
Public Opinion Without a Public? State Democracy, Middle-Class Consumerism and Opinion Surveys in Post-Mao China (2004)

This paper examines the vicissitudes of survey practices in China since the early 1980s in relation to the Party-state and the rising market economy. It argues that the rising survey industry in China, which has been infiltrated by both the state and the market, is actually swallowing the 'public'. Survey practices in the 1980s were state-sponsored; the state sought to justify their reform policies in the name of 'public opinion'. Most of the surveys were limited to samples of the urban elites, thus the 'public opinion' represented by the polling became elitist in essence and sacrificed the principle of universal and equal access for the general public. Since the 1990s survey research has been booming with China's market economy. However, the 'public' represented in the surveys is still partial and incomplete. The development of the market economy in the 1990s has favoured the rising urban middleclass, which occupies a central position within the 'public'. Most rural Chinese are excluded from the 'public opinion' in marketing research. Surveys being still heavily regulated by the government, the Party draws resources from the market to conduct polls to facilitate its control. The increasing incorporation of the state and the market does not give rise to a public sphere in Habermas's sense in China.