gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution measurement of internal interface of optically transparent materials (2009)

The measurement of surface morphology of a material with high resolution is important in both the industrial and biomedical applications. Furthermore, a precise measurement of the morphology of the internal interface is usually needed for materials with multilayered structures. Although some optical techniques can provide subsurface imaging of materials, their resolutions are difficult to achieve nanometer scale. In our research, an optical system based on a composite interferometer which can image the internal interface of a material with nanometer resolution is proposed and demonstrated. The system consists of a Michelson interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The Michelson interferometer with a broadband light source is used for three-dimensional imaging of the sample. In the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a prism and a retro-reflector are arranged for an optical delay line with adjustable length. The two interferometers share common light source and a rapid scanning optical delay system used for axial scanning. In the experiment, the adjustable optical delay line in the second interferometer is adjusted for the optical path lengths to match that relative to the interface under investigation. With a phase compensation mechanism, the interface can be imaged with an axial accuracy at nanometer scale.
Validating software metrics: producing quality discriminators (2002)

The author proposes a comprehensive metrics validation methodology that has six validation criteria, each of which supports certain quality functions. New criteria are defined and illustrated, including consistency, discrimination power, tracking, and repeatability. He shows that certain nonparametric statistical methods like contingency tables play an important role in evaluating metrics against the validity criteria. A detailed example emphasizing the discriminative power validity criterion is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intermolecular multiple quantum coherences in liquids (2000)

In the early 1990s, the traditional framework of NMR spectroscopy was challenged through a series of simple experiments. The pulse sequences used consisted of a few RF pulses and a few gradient pulses, and the samples were mixtures of simple molecules. The spectra showed unexpected cross peaks between spins in different molecules. In order to explain these results, two basic assumptions had to be revisited: (1) the high-temperature approximation to the Boltzmann distribution at equilibrium, and (2) the cancellation of dipolar couplings in solution. A close look at the physics involved showed that correlations between spins in separate molecules exist even after a single pulse, and that dipolar couplings can make these correlations visible in the presence of gradient pulses. A comprehensive description of the effect is given here, and some present and future applications are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 396–409, 2000
Levitation of Iridium and Liquid Mercury by Ultrasound (2002)

Single-axis acoustic levitation of the heaviest solid (iridium, rho=22.6 g cm(-3)) and liquid (mercury, rho=13.6 g cm(-3) on the Earth is achieved by greatly enhancing both the levitation force and stability through optimizing the geometric parameters of the levitator. The acoustically levitated Pb-Sn eutectic alloy melt (rho=8.5 g cm(-3)) is highly undercooled by up to 38 K, which results in a microstructural transition of "lamellae-broken lamellae-dendrites." The drastic enhancement of levitation capability indicates a broader application range of single-axis acoustic levitation.
Packaged double-pass travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers (1991)

A novel travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier (TW-SLA) proposed previously1 was experimentally achieved. The input and output optical signals were transmitted through a single piece of monomode optical fibre which is coupled to the chip of the TW-SLA. An optical circulator was used to separate the two signals.
An approach to the neonate with sudden dysrhythmia: diagnosis, mechanisms, and management. (1997)

The clinical course of a newborn can be rendered more complex by the sudden development of a disturbance in heart rhythm and conduction. The caregiver's ability to recognize a particular dysrhythmia and its most probable mechanism is crucial for optimal management. During the past 15 years, there has been significant progress in the understanding of the electrophysiologic basis of rhythm disturbances in the newborn period. This understanding has led to more precise diagnosis and effective treatment regimens for infants with dysrhythmias. Using recent case studies from one intensive care nursery as illustrations, this article discusses the clinical presentation and electrophysiologic mechanisms of three common forms of rhythm and conduction disturbance. The discussion pertains to disturbances of rhythm in association with tachycardia only. Emphasis is placed on the electrocardiographic diagnosis and clinical management of these infants.
Visible Light driven Tin Titanate Photo-Catalyst Prepared by Co- Precipitation Method (2013)

Visible light activated tin titanate (SnTiO3) nano powders were synthesized by a simple and organic free co-precipitation method. The synthesized titanate was analyzed by Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetry (TG). The particle size of tin titanate calculated based on the Scherer equation was found to be 100 nm in size. The photocatalytic activity was measured based on the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution. The results show that SnTiO3 nano particles exhibit good photocatalytic activity under visible range condition. © Academic Research Online Publisher. All rights reserved.
Picric acid sensitive optode based on a fluorescence carrier covalently bound to membrane (2001)

An acryloyl group was attached to fluorescein through the phenol hydroxyl group to make it photopolymerizable with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and covalently immobilized on an optode glass surface modified with gamma-(methacryloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane. The optode system with a plastic-clad fused silica bifurcated fiber optic bundle shows satisfactory analytical performance characteristics for determining picric acid in terms of selectivity and reproducibility with a linear range from 8.0 x 10(-7) to 4.0 x 10(-3) mol L-1. The quenching mechanism was investigated. The optode membrane can be applied to the indirect determination of cinchonine drug and the results obtained were satisfactory.
More about Emerging Adults and Mindfulness (2012)

Abstract Chapter 2 explores in greater detail the characteristics of the developmental stage of emerging adulthood and highlights the usefulness of mindfulness and meditation for this age group. Emerging adulthood is defined by Jeffrey Arnett as a time of identity development in multiple important areas. Emerging adults are seeking to answer questions about their direction in life, trying to learn what relationships and careers are best for them. Mindfulness is a useful tool in this quest, as it aids emerging adults in identifying their authentic wishes and needs. The mindfulness-based stress-management tools also allow them to tolerate the stress that results from all of the uncertainties and pressures inherent in this period of development.
Beyond Your First Shell Script (1996)

How to write versatile, robust Bourne shell scripts that will run flawlessly under other shells as well
Sex differences in coronary artery size assessed by intravascular ultrasound (2000)

LM and LAD arteries are smaller in women, independent of body size. This suggests an intrinsic sex effect on coronary dimensions. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms because they may lead to novel therapeutic strategies and improved outcomes for women with coronary artery disease.
Persistent Use of Secondary Preventive Drugs Declines Rapidly During the First 2 Years After Stroke (2010)

Background and Purpose— To prevent new cardiovascular events after stroke, prescribed preventive drugs should be used continuously. This study measures persistent use of preventive drugs after stroke and identifies factors associated with persistence. Methods— A 1-year cohort (21 077 survivors) from Riks-Stroke, the Swedish Stroke Register, was linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Results— The proportion of patients who were persistent users of drugs prescribed at discharge from hospital declined progressively over the first 2 years to reach 74.2% for antihypertensive drugs, 56.1% for statins, 63.7% for antiplatelet drugs, and 45.0% for warfarin. For most drugs, advanced age, comorbidity, good self-perceived health, absence of low mood, acute treatment in a stroke unit, and institutional living at follow-up were independently associated with persistent medication use. Conclusion— Persistent secondary prevention treatment declines rapidly during the first 2 years after stroke, particularly for statins and warfarin. Effective interventions to improve persistent secondary prevention after stroke need to be developed.
Combination Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2012)

Anticholinergics and β-agonists reduce bronchoconstriction through different mechanisms, and there is a long history of combination therapy with short-acting agents in these classes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Such combinations may allow lower doses and thereby improve safety. Oral theophylline has also been combined with short-acting bronchodilators for many years. Most studies, however, show only mild improvements in bronchodilation at the expense of increased adverse effects. Professional society guidelines recommend that as the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progress, the patient should receive regular treatment with one or more long-acting bronchodilators, and an inhaled corticosteroid if the patient has repeated exacerbations. The combination of a short-acting anticholinergic with a long-acting β-agonist, or the combination of a long-acting anticholinergic with a short- or long-acting β-agonist, has been shown in most studies to improve lung function versus monother...
Hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevalence and significance (1993)

<h3>Background:</h3> In reports from worldwide sources, antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been observed in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current survey is designed to analyze the prevalence and significance of the relationship of HCV infection to HCC. <h3>Methods:</h3> A MEDLINE search terminating on October 1, 1991, produced 15 reports from eight nations in which the frequency of antibodies to HCV by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test in HCC and control groups was obtained. Patient gender, occurrence of cirrhosis, role of alcoholism and transfusion history, and seropositivity for HCV and hepatitis B viral (HBV) markers were recorded. <h3>Results:</h3> Among 1930 patients with HCC, antibodies to HCV were found in 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37% to 57%), while HBV markers occurred in 59% (95% CI, 27% to 91%) of subjects studied; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was noted in 37% (95% CI, 18% to 56%). The odds ratio (OR) for HBV markers relative to HCV antibodies was 1.73 (95% CI, 1.52 to 1.96) and for HCV antibodies relative to HBsAg, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.59). Among HBsAg-positive subjects, 25% had seropositivity for HCV, but for HBsAg-negative patients, 59% were HCV antibody positive (<i>P</i><.001). Male gender and cirrhosis were prominent factors (92%±7% and 88±6%, respectively). The OR for HCC in patients with antibody to HCV compared with controls was 25 (95% CI, 18 to 33). The OR comparing HCC with chronic liver disease with respect to HCV antibodies was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.01). We applied χ<sup>2</sup>tests to each report to detect, if present, a pattern of dominance favoring HCV, HBV markers, or HBsAg; none was observed. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The prevalence of HCV seropositivity in HCC is substantial and virtually comparable with HBV. Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually associated with chronic liver disease, which may be required for tumor transformation. Both HCV and HBV may function independently in the pathogenesis of HCC. (Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1672-1677)
Polycyclic Compounds Containing Nitrogen. I. The Diels-Alder Reaction of 1-Nitro-1-alkenes (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolycyclic Compounds Containing Nitrogen. I. The Diels-Alder Reaction of 1-Nitro-1-alkenesNATHAN L. DRAKE and ALBERTA B. ROSSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 5, 717–720Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01099a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01099a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The fusion of myoblasts (1985)

Research Article| May 15 1985 The fusion of myoblasts M J Wakelam M J Wakelam Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1985) 228 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2280001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M J Wakelam; The fusion of myoblasts. Biochem J 15 May 1985; 228 (1): 1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2280001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 London: The Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
High-temperature CVD for crystalline-silicon thin-film solar cells (1999)

The fundamentals of thermal CVD for the deposition of silicon at high temperatures are briefly discussed and applied to the conditions in the CVD system that we have constructed and characterized. Our system fulfils basic requirements to be met for solar cell application; solar cells made from epitaxial layers on various substrates were fabricated. The high-quality cells achieved 17.6% efficiency proving the excellent performance of our system, the cells on economically relevant substrates achieved 8% efficiency which still needs improvement.
Decorrelation of Neural-Network Activity by Inhibitory Feedback (2012)

Correlations in spike-train ensembles can seriously impair the encoding of information by their spatio-temporal structure. An inevitable source of correlation in finite neural networks is common presynaptic input to pairs of neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that spike correlations in recurrent neural networks are considerably smaller than expected based on the amount of shared presynaptic input. Here, we explain this observation by means of a linear network model and simulations of networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. We show that inhibitory feedback efficiently suppresses pairwise correlations and, hence, population-rate fluctuations, thereby assigning inhibitory neurons the new role of active decorrelation. We quantify this decorrelation by comparing the responses of the intact recurrent network (feedback system) and systems where the statistics of the feedback channel is perturbed (feedforward system). Manipulations of the feedback statistics can lead to a significant increase in the power and coherence of the population response. In particular, neglecting correlations within the ensemble of feedback channels or between the external stimulus and the feedback amplifies population-rate fluctuations by orders of magnitude. The fluctuation suppression in homogeneous inhibitory networks is explained by a negative feedback loop in the one-dimensional dynamics of the compound activity. Similarly, a change of coordinates exposes an effective negative feedback loop in the compound dynamics of stable excitatory-inhibitory networks. The suppression of input correlations in finite networks is explained by the population averaged correlations in the linear network model: In purely inhibitory networks, shared-input correlations are canceled by negative spike-train correlations. In excitatory-inhibitory networks, spike-train correlations are typically positive. Here, the suppression of input correlations is not a result of the mere existence of correlations between excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neurons, but a consequence of a particular structure of correlations among the three possible pairings (EE, EI, II).
Global trends in molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 2000–2007 (2011)

The global and regional distributions of individual subtypes and recombinants are broadly stable, although CRFs may play an increasing role in the HIV pandemic. The global diversity of HIV-1 poses a formidable challenge to HIV vaccine development.
Pierre Riquet. La République fédérale allemande (1971)

Robert Jean. Pierre Riquet. La République fédérale allemande. In: Norois, n°71, Juillet-Septembre 1971. pp. 547-548.
Lepidoide, VI: Ein neuer Weg zur Herstellung von aktivem Silicium oder Siliciummonochlorid (1961)

Abstract Aktives Silicium erhält man als dunkelbraunes, pyrophores Pulver im Gemisch mit Calciumchlorid durch Einwirkung von 1 Mol. Cl 2 auf eine Suspension von CaSi 2 in CCl 4 bei 20–40°. Durch Umsetzung mit einem weiteren Mol. Cl 2 entsteht daraus bei 40–60 0 braunrotes bis ziegelrotes Siliciummonochlorid . Mit Wasser wie mit Methanol reagieren beide Stoffe unter Feuererscheinung. Es sind sog. Lepidoide, d. h. Feststoffe mit Lamellenstruktur, welche die größte innere Oberfläche besitzen, die möglich ist.
Studies on self‐assembly and characterization of polyelectrolytes and organic dyes (2002)

Abstract Four polyelectrolyte complexes were formed through self‐assembly of poly‐ N ‐ethyl‐ N,N ‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PEDEM) and poly‐ N ‐ethyl‐4‐vinylpyridinium (PEVP) cations with methyl orange (MO) and metanil yellow (MY) anions in water. The FTIR spectra showed that the assembly was formed chiefly through electrostatic force and hydrophobic interaction between polyelectrolytes and organic dyes without new bonds emerging. The fluorescence spectra revealed that the emission waves of the complexes of PEDEM–MY and PEDEM–MO in alcohol were blue‐shifted in comparison with that of dyes in alcohol, and the emission waves of the PEVP–MY and PEVP–MO_ complexes in alcohol were red‐shifted in comparison with that of dyes in alcohol. The structure of the complexes in the solid state were also investigated by DTA and X‐ray diffraction experiments. It could be proved that the complexes were new materials formed through weak interactions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 369–374, 2003
Stereospecific Polymerization of 1,3-Diene Monomers in the Crystalline State (2001)

This article deals with the features and mechanism of the polymerization of 1,3-diene monomers in the crystalline state. First, I refer to the characteristics and classification of solid-state polymerization, including the definition of several key terms such as ‘topochemical reaction’ and ‘crystal engineering’. The topochemical polymerization of muconic and sorbic acid derivatives, which are 1,3-diene monomers with one or two carboxylates at each end of a butadiene or pentadiene moiety, is then described. The polymerization behaviour and reactivity are discussed, as well as the structure and properties of the polymer crystals obtained as the polymerization product. The relationship between the crystal structure and the reactivity is discussed on the basis of the concept of crystal engineering, which is a useful method to design the reactivity, structure, and properties of organic solids. In the final part, the stereochemical control of polymers as well as the application of the polymer crystals obtained by topochemical polymerization are described. The polymer crystals are capable of repeated and reversible intercalation, which may allow the design of new organic solids for applications such as molecular recognition, separation, and catalysis and extend the range and practical utility of current intercalation compounds.
A Note on Fuzzy Deduction (1980)

article Free Access Share on A Note on Fuzzy Deduction Authors: Jack Minker Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MarylandView Profile , Alan R. Aronson Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MarylandView Profile , Barry E. Jacobs Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MarylandView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 27Issue 4Oct. 1980 pp 599–603https://doi.org/10.1145/322217.322218Published:01 October 1980Publication History 9citation453DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads453Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF