gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selenium Entities: Promising Scaffolds for the Treatment of Cancer and Leishmania (2017)

Background: The incorporation of selenium (Se) atom onto organic scaffolds is a very promising approach to obtain more active and selective compounds against several types of cancer. During the last decade, a plethora of organoselenium compounds have been reported with very potent anticancer activity through diverse mechanisms of action, some of the most interesting being autophagy, angiogenesis, affectation of cancer stem cells and lethal mitosis. Several studies have related Se status and different selenoproteins with the development of Leishmania. Furthermore, one of the most used approaches for seeking new antitrypanosomal drugs is the drug repositioning. Considering both facts, our research group is developing organoselenium derivatives with dual activity against cancer and Leishmaniasis. Objective: The objective of this review is to gather, for the first time, every organic selenocompound with this dual activity. Thereby, the synthetic procedures will be discussed, along with their most important biological effects in both pathologies. Conclusion: To conclude, the reported results show that the introduction of Se atom onto organic molecules is a valid rational approach to obtain dual anticancer/leishmanicidal agents. Furthermore, the synthetic procedures needed are quite straightforward and occur with good yields. Thus, bisacylimidoselenocarbamates and diselenides are very good candidates to further develop as dual agents. Keywords: Biological activity, bisacylimidoselenocarbamates, cancer, diselenides, dual activity, leishmanial, selenium, synthesis.
Linear Quadratic Optimal Control (2017)

Model Predictive Control (MPC), the dominant advanced control approach in industry over the past twenty-five years, is presented comprehensively in this unique book. With a simple, unified approach, and with attention to real-time implementation, it covers predictive control theory including the stability, feasibility, and robustness of MPC controllers. The theory of explicit MPC, where the nonlinear optimal feedback controller can be calculated efficiently, is presented in the context of linear systems with linear constraints, switched linear systems, and, more generally, linear hybrid systems. Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, the authors discuss the techniques required to design predictive control laws, including algorithms for polyhedral manipulations, mathematical and multiparametric programming and how to validate the theoretical properties and to implement predictive control policies. The most important algorithms feature in an accompanying free online MATLAB toolbox, which allows easy access to sample solutions. Predictive Control for Linear and Hybrid Systems is an ideal reference for graduate, postgraduate and advanced control practitioners interested in theory and/or implementation aspects of predictive control.
Dimerization behavior of substituted dibenzo-14-crown-4 alcohols studied by NMR spectroscopy (1994)

Abstract Dibenzo-14-crown-4 alcohols are shown to aggregate in chloroform by the formation of hydrogen-bonded dimers. Structural variations between crown ether alcohols significantly affect the degree of dimerization. This self-association is of relevance for understanding the complexation and extractive properties of these and related macrocycles.
Transetherification Reactions. Glycols with Certain β-Alkoxy Esters (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransetherification Reactions. Glycols with Certain β-Alkoxy EstersW. J. Croxall, J. O. Van. Hook, and R. LuckenbaughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 8, 2741–2742Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01176a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
O3‐12‐05: INTRACEREBRAL INJECTION OF PREFORMED SYNTHETIC TAU FIBRILS INITIATES WIDESPREAD TAUOPATHY AND NEURONAL LOSS IN THE BRAINS OF TAU TRANSGENIC MICE (2014)

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated fibrillized tau are found in numerous tauopathies including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Increasing evidence suggests that tau pathology can be transmitted from cell-to-cell; however, the mechanisms involved in the initiation of tau fibrillization and spreading of disease linked to progression of tau pathology are poorly understood. Intracerebral injection of preformed synthetic tau fibrils (PFFs) into the hippocampus or frontal cortex of 3 months old tau transgenic (Tg) mice expressing mutant human P301L tau. We show here that intracerebral injections of preformed synthetic tau fibrils (PFFs) into the hippocampus or frontal cortex of young tau transgenic (Tg) mice expressing mutant human P301L tau induces tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation around the site of injection, as well as a time-dependent propagation of tau pathology to interconnected brain areas distant from the injection site. Both the injection site and the nature of the seed affect the distribution and characteristics of the resulting tau pathology. Furthermore, we show that injection of tau PFFs into the hippocampus induces selective loss of CA1 neurons. Together, our data confirm previous studies on the seeded induction and the spreading of tau pathology in a different tau Tg mouse model and reveals for the first time neuronal loss after intracerebral injection of tau PFFs in tau Tg mouse brain. These results further validate the utility of the tau seeding model in studying disease transmission, and provide a more complete in vivo tauopathy model with associated neurodegeneration which can be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in tau aggregation and spreading, as well as aid in the search for disease modifying treatments for AD and related tauopathies.
Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 (LIMP-2/SCARB2) is involved in lysosomal cholesterol export (2019)

The intracellular transport of cholesterol is subject to tight regulation. The structure of the lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2, also known as SCARB2) reveals a large cavity that traverses the molecule and resembles the cavity in SR-B1 that mediates lipid transfer. The detection of cholesterol within the LIMP-2 structure and the formation of cholesterol<sup>-</sup>like inclusions in LIMP-2 knockout mice suggested the possibility that LIMP2 transports cholesterol in lysosomes. We present results of molecular modeling, crosslinking studies, microscale thermophoresis and cell-based assays that support a role of LIMP-2 in cholesterol transport. We show that the cavity in the luminal domain of LIMP-2 can bind and deliver exogenous cholesterol to the lysosomal membrane and later to lipid droplets. Depletion of LIMP-2 alters SREBP-2-mediated cholesterol regulation, as well as LDL-receptor levels. Our data indicate that LIMP-2 operates in parallel with Niemann Pick (NPC)-proteins, mediating a slower mode of lysosomal cholesterol export.
Near Infrared Technology for Precision Environmental Measurements: Part 1. Determination of Nitrogen in Green- and Dry-Grass Tissue (2002)

The driving force for this work is rooted in data that confirms the contamination of streams and lakes caused from excessive use of nitrogen, pesticides and other soil amendments. Traditional analytical (wet chemistry) methods are too slow and too costly for detecting ecological abuse. A technology that would characterise the nutritional status of growing plants in a timelier manner (preferably in real time as an applicator moves through the field) is needed to control the volume of amendments. This paper explores the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectrometry for measuring nitrogen in plant tissue. In particular, it discusses the development of nitrogen calibrations, and performance of those calibrations, for both green- and dry-grass tissue. Results, based on collaborative studies by several researchers indicate that nitrogen can be measured with an SEP of 0.411% and 0.167% for green- and dry-grass tissue, respectively.
Streamwise pseudo-vortical structure in the near-wall region of a wall-bounded shear flow and its structural modeling. (1985)

Coherant fluid motions near the wall in a fully-developed two-dimensional turbulent channel flow have been visualized by using a sophisticated hydrogen-bubble techique with partially insulatied fine tungsten wires, which generate segmental hydrogen-bubbles, at several distances from the wall. These flow visualizations supply not only a direct evidence for the existence of streamwise vortical motions but quantitative data of fluid motions in the wall region. Further data reduction produces instantaneous distributions of two velocity components of v and w as well as streamwise vorticity of ωx in the y - z plane perpendicular to the flow direction. The instantaneous contours of streamwise vorticity thus obtained show pseudo-periodicity in the spanwise direction and also double-layer structure in the direction normal to the wall. The compatibility of the pseudo-vortical structure with what is known about the near-wall turbulence is tested and confirmed by a simple structural model based upon unsteady spanwise-periodic secondary motions.
Scale-Up of the Preparation of (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2-(4-morpholinyl)cyclohexanol (2007)

Chiral β-amino alcohols are widely recognized as effective chiral auxiliaries for a variety of asymmetric organic transformations. Recently, (1R,2R,4S)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2-(4-morpholinyl)cyclohexanol has been reported to be an effective chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde and the asymmetric addition of lithium cyclopropylacetylide to 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinones. This paper describes the scale-up of the reaction of morpholine with cis/trans-(S)-(-)-limonene oxide (99% ee) in the presence of water to produce 125 g of (1R,2R,4S)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2-(4-morpholinyl)cyclohexanol of 99.6% diastereomeric purity.
Polymorphic regenerated silk fibers assembled through bioinspired spinning (2017)

Abstract A variety of artificial spinning methods have been applied to produce regenerated silk fibers; however, how to spin regenerated silk fibers that retain the advantages of natural silks in terms of structural hierarchy and mechanical properties remains challenging. Here, we show a bioinspired approach to spin regenerated silk fibers. First, we develop a nematic silk microfibril solution, highly viscous and stable, by partially dissolving silk fibers into microfibrils. This solution maintains the hierarchical structures in natural silks and serves as spinning dope. It is then spun into regenerated silk fibers by direct extrusion in the air, offering a useful route to generate polymorphic and hierarchical regenerated silk fibers with physical properties beyond natural fiber construction. The materials maintain the structural hierarchy and mechanical properties of natural silks, including a modulus of 11 ± 4 GPa, even higher than natural spider silk. It can further be functionalized with a conductive silk/carbon nanotube coating, responsive to changes in humidity and temperature.
The Dynamics and Interaction of Laminar Thermal Plumes (1991)

We present an experimental study of the dynamics and interactions of laminar plumes emitted from a localized heat source. The observations are explained by a simple model of the flow structure around a plume. Using sources and sinks in a uniform flow, we reproduce the experimental shapes and extract the scaling behavior of the size of the plume. The model describes the initial stage of the interaction between plumes.
Proline-, Glutamic Acid-, and Leucine-Rich Protein-1 Is Essential in Growth Factor Regulation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Activation (2005)

Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) is a novel estrogen receptor coactivator that plays an important role in the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogen receptor by interacting with histones and src-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, respectively. A great deal of information has emerged in recent years about the possible role of PELP1 in estrogen receptor signaling. However, the participation and significance of PELP1 in other cellular signaling pathways remains unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified PELP1 as a novel interacting protein of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and found evidence of physiologic interaction between PELP1 and STAT3. We also found that these interactions played a mechanistic role in the positive regulation of STAT3 transcription from synthetic promoters and endogenous target genes such as cyclin D1, c-myc, and c-fos. Overexpression of PELP1 enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 in a src-mitogen-activated protein kinase-sensitive manner and, conversely, down-regulation of PELP1 compromised growth factor-mediated induction of STAT3 target genes. We also discovered that PELP1 interacts with STAT3 in the nuclear compartment and down-regulation of PELP1 interfered with the recruitment of STAT3 to its target gene promoters. In summary, our results highlight a novel role for PELP1 in growth factor signaling and indicate that PELP1-mediated genomic and nongenomic functions play a role in the growth factor-mediated STAT3 transactivation functions. Such regulatory interactions of PELP1 may have important functional implications in the cross-talk of estrogen receptor and growth factor signaling.
Diazoxide and D600 Inhibition of Insulin Release: Distinct Mechanisms Explain the Specificity for Different Stimuli (1982)

The mechanisms by which diazoxide and D600 affect insulin release have been compared in experiments using isolated rat islets. Diazoxide (20–400 (JLM) and D600 (1–50 μM) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated release. Diazoxide also inhibited the insulinotropic effect of leucine and related substances (ketoisocaproate and BCH), but not that of potassium or of arginine and other cationic amino acids. Diazoxide suppressed glucose and leucine stimulation of Ca uptake in islet cells, but had no effect on the stimulation by potassium and arginine. By contrast, D600 suppressed the effect of all these agents on both Ca uptake and insulin release. Theophylline partially antagonized the inhibitory effect of D600 on release, in the presence of diazoxide, theophylline was much less effective, except when combined with cationic amino acids. Diazoxide inhibition of glucose-induced release was prevented by phentolamine, but hot by dihydroergotamine and yohimbine, two other blpckers of a-adrenergic receptors. Epinephrine abolished the insulinotropic effect of arginine alone or with theophylline. Diazoxide increased 86Rb+ efflux from islet cells, whereas D600 and epinephrine decreased it. The acceleration of efflux by diazoxide was inhibited by D600 and phentolamine, but not by epinephrine or dihydroergotamine. It thus appears that the effects of diazoxide on B-cells are not due to activation of α-adrenergic receptors. The results suggest that, in contrast to the direct blockade of Ca channels by D600, the blockade of these channels by diazoxide is secondary to the hyperpolarization of the B-cell membrane. Since the latter results from an increase in K permeability, the inhibitory effects of diazoxide are restricted to stimulators that depolarize the B-cell membrane by decreasing its K permeability (glucose, leucine, and related substances) and do not affect the stimulation by K and cationic amino acids, which depolarize by other mechanisms.
Multichannel SBS Slow Light Using Spectrally Sliced Incoherent Pumping (2008)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of an incoherent spectrally sliced amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source as the pump for broadband stimulated Brillouin scattering-based slow light. Both 2.5-Gb/s on-off-keyed and differential-phase-shift-keyed signals are continuously delayed by as much as 170 ps, with less than 4-dB power penalty at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> bit error rate. A 2-GHz and a 4-GHz spectrally sliced pump are compared, emphasizing the need of optimizing the slow-light spectral-width according to the signal bandwidth. Furthermore, independent and simultaneous delay on multiple data channels with different modulation formats within a single slow-light medium is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using a periodically spectrally sliced ASE source. Our approach might be useful in future heterogeneous multiformat, multibit-rate, and multichannel fiber-optic communication systems and networks.
Application of near-field optimum microphone arrays to hands-free mobile telephony (2003)

This paper discusses the application of fixed microphone arrays to speech pickup in mobile telephone applications. Array optimization techniques are used to design two broad-band beamformers for speech pickup in the near field. The first beamformer provides optimum gain for spatially incoherent noise while the second beamformer provides optimum gain in spherically isotropic noise. Array performance was measured using vehicular noise recorded under realistic driving conditions. Results obtained are in agreement with theoretical predictions for a spherically isotropic noise field and are comparable to previously reported results obtained using adaptive beamforming algorithms.
Application of multi-omic and functional network analysis for paediatric patients diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (2013)

Novel Aspect Use of multi-omic and pathway analysis studies to derive potential biomarkers for patients diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Introduction Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most prevalent glomerular disease in children. In spite of some progress, its pathogenesis is still unknown and the therapy options are confined to gross immune modulation. A variety of methods for diagnostic and treatment purposes are available for the patients ; however, the lack of understanding regarding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying INS can lead to poor therapeutic response and adverse side-effects. Here, we describe quantitative proteomic and metabolomic approaches to reveal new molecular factors involved in pathogenesis of INS with potential diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Methods Urine samples were collected from 10 children diagnosed with INS receiving no therapy and 10 healthy children. All samples were purified using spin filters followed by affinity depletion of albumin. The purified proteins were recovered and digested with trypsin overnight. Label-free protein expression data were acquired with a oa- TOF using an ion mobility data independent approach, whereby the collision energy was switched between low and elevated energy state during alternate scans and associate precursor and product ions by means of retention and drift time alignment correlated and searched using post processing software. Preliminary Data The collected urine samples were divided into batches for proteomic and metabolomic analysis. For the proteomic studies, samples were purified and depleted of albumin using a combination of spin filters with anti-HSA resin. Proteins were reduced and alkylated prior to digestion with trypsin overnight. Samples were prepared for analysis with 800ng loaded on-column. Samples were anlysed in triplicate. The acquired data was processed and searched against a human database, which was amended to account for N-terminal processed peptides. Normalized label-free quantitation results were generated using TransOmics software. In a similar fashion the diluted neat urine samples were analysed using a small molecule profiling approach. The resulting data was also analyzed using TransOmics, providing a complimentary dataset. Interpretation of the data has shown a significant number of proteins to be over-expressed in the urine from INS patients, which includes a high percentage (approximately 80%) of glycosylated proteins. Metabolites of interest showing statistically significant changes include homocysteine, glutamate and uridine. Pathway analysis tools were used to review the complimentary datasets and hence provide an understanding of the underlying biology of differentially expressed proteins and metabolites. Review and validation of the suggested pathways, strongly suggests correlation with the neuronal system disorders network, specifically acute fatigue.
Automating IEEE 1500 Core Test—An EDA Perspective (2009)

Standardized design and test practices enable automation. This article describes a methodology and corresponding tool set that combines automated support for IEEE Std 1500 and test data compression in one. In this article, we also provide some solutions to the problem of migrating core test patterns to the SoC design.
New susceptibility loci for cutaneous melanoma risk and progression revealed using a porcine model (2018)

Despite major advances, it is estimated that a large part of melanoma predisposing genes remains to be discovered. Animal models of spontaneous diseases are valuable tools and experimental crosses can be used to identify and fine-map new susceptibility loci associated with melanoma. We performed a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of melanoma occurrence and progression (clinical ulceration and presence of metastasis) in a porcine model of spontaneous melanoma, the MeLiM pig. Five loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 7, 8 and 16 showed genome-wide significant associations (<i>p</i> < 5 × 10<sup>-6</sup>) with either one of these phenotypes. Suggestive associations (<i>p</i> < 5 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) were also found at 16 additional loci. Moreover, comparison of the porcine results to those reported by human melanoma GWAS indicated shared association signals notably at <i>CDKAL1</i> and <i>TERT</i> loci but also nearby <i>CCND1</i>, FTO, <i>PLA2G6</i> and TMEM<i>38B-RAD23B</i> loci. Extensive search of the literature revealed a potential key role of genes at the identified porcine loci in tumor invasion (<i>DST</i>, PLEKHA5, <i>CBY1</i>, <i>LIMK2</i> and <i>ETV5</i>) and immune response modulation (<i>ETV5</i>, <i>HERC3</i> and <i>DICER1</i>) of the progression phenotypes. These biological processes are consistent with the clinico-pathological features of MeLiM tumors and can open new routes for future melanoma research in humans.