gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shallow phosphorus diffusion profiles in silicon (1969)

Concentration profiles have been determined for phosphorus diffusion into silicon. These have been fitted to the solution of Fick's diffusion equations using a model where a moving boundary separates two distinct phases. Thus, it is concluded that the silicon surface region is part of a different phase from the rest of the diffused layer. For the short diffusion times studied, the phase boundary reaction is the rate limiting process and the phase boundary moves at a nearly constant rate. In the region beyond the phase boundary the transport of phosphorus is controlled by two diffusion species, characterized by two substantially different diffusion coefficients. The slow diffusant is present mainly in a transition region between the phase boundary and the fast diffusant dominated region. The fast diffusant has a maximum concentration at the phase boundary. The linear rates of movement of the phase boundary, the concentrations of the fast diffusant at the phase boundary, and the diffusion constants for the slow and the fast diffusants were obtained over the temperature range from 820 to 1100°C. As the diffusion temperature increases the diffusion constants for the slow and the fast diffusants approach each other. At 1100°C, the diffusion profile can be represented by a single diffusion constant. For long diffusion times the phase boundary became less distinct.
Time domain measurement of frequency stability: A tutorial introduction (1978)

The theoretical basis behind the definition of frequency stability in the time domain is outlined. Various types of variances were examined. Their differences and interrelation are pointed out. Systems that are generally used in the measurement of these variances are described.
Metabolic network analysis of penicillium chrysogenum using 13c‐labeled glucose (2000)

Using 13C-labeled glucose fed to a penicillin-overproducing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum, the intracellular fluxes were quantified, and the presence of two new pathways, not previously described in this organism, is suggested. Thus, glycine was synthesized not only by serine hydroxymethyltransferase, but also by threonine aldolase. The formation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA was found to be synthesized both via the citrate lyase-catalyzed reaction and by degradation of the penicillin side-chain precursor, phenoxyacetic acid. Furthermore, the experimental data indicate that the main activities of homocitrate synthase and α-isopropylmalate synthase are located in the cytosol. All experimental data on the labeling patterns were obtained using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, which is faster and more sensitive than the nuclear magnetic resonance methods usually applied for analysis of labeling patterns. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 68: 652–659, 2000.
Identification and Analysis of Biocides Effective Against Sessile Organisms (2009)

Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major problem in the oil and gas industry. Although the exact mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood, it is recognized that byproducts produced by sessile bacteria located on the metal surface are responsible for the corrosion. However, many of the biocide treatment programs that have been developed thus far have focused only on planktonic organisms, ignoring the root cause of the problem. The goal of this research was to develop and implement sessile monitoring and analysis capabilities to assist in biocide selection. Initial laboratory testing was performed using a representative selection of bacteria inoculated into a closed flow loop system containing removable biostuds. Sessile bacteria populations were analyzed before and after biocide treatment using serial dilutions and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A biocide/surfactant combination shown to be effective in the lab was tested in a field trial to demonstrate a correlation between laboratory testing and field use. Data collected in the field was analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) as well as DGGE. The biocide/surfactant tested in the laboratory led to a 3-log reduction in sessile bacteria without regrowth 24 hours after treatment. Bacterial enumeration determined by serial dilution was confirmed by DGGE analysis. This biocide/surfactant combination was also tested in a field trial where a 3- to 5-log reduction in bacterial numbers was determined by qPCR, a dramatic reduction in bacterial species observed by DGGE, and reduced pitting of the corrosion coupons identified. In conclusion, we have implemented new testing capabilities that allow us to identify biocides effective at removing sessile organisms in the laboratory. Importantly, we have also shown that these laboratory results are recapitulated in field trials. These methods can now be utilized to ensure that the most efficacious biocide is chosen to mitigate bacterial populations that could potentially cause MIC in an asset-specific manner.
Dyslexia in the Digital Age: Making IT Work (2010)

Manual sobre el papel de la tecnología en la vida de las personas con dislexia, ya sea en la escuela primaria, en la universidad, en el trabajo o en cualquier otro lugar. La tecnología es parte del proceso para minimizar el impacto de la dislexia en los individuos y para ayudarlos en las dificultades que se enfrentan en situaciones cotidianas. Para ello, proporciona marcos de perspectivas teóricas y después la aplicación práctica, incluyendo revisiones de los tipos más comunes de software. Hay consejos prácticos sobre cómo apoyar a las personas con dislexia en el uso de la tecnología, incluida la forma de obtener el máximo provecho de lo que está disponible. Pone de relieve el estado de la tecnología punta, y sugiere lo que todavía queda por hacer para que esta tecnología sea realmente propicia para todos los disléxicos.
Parent-Reported Periodic Limb Movement, Sleep Disordered Breathing, Bedtime Resistance Behaviors, and ADHD (2005)

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative strength of association between symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with sleep disordered breathing (SDB), periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), and bedtime resistance behaviors (BRBs). The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire was completed by parents of 283 children. Scales were derived to indicate risk for specific sleep disorders, then correlated with symptoms of ADHD. Strong independent interrelationships between symptoms of PLMD and symptoms of ADHD emerged, with potential additional contributions by bedtime resistance. These interrelationships remained after controlling for age, SDB, sleepiness, or BRBs. These data suggest ADHD symptoms may be especially related to PLMD but that insufficient sleep duration secondary to bedtime resistance and noncompliance may make an independent contribution.
Dual effect of adenosine triphosphate on the apical small conductance K+ channel of the rat cortical collecting duct. (1991)

We used the patch-clamp technique to study the effects of ATP on the small-conductance potassium channel in the apical membrane of rat cortical collecting duct (CCD). This channel has a high open probability (0.96) in the cell-attached mode but activity frequently disappeared progressively within 1-10 min after channel excision (channel "run-down"). Two effects of ATP were observed. Using inside-out patches, low concentrations of ATP (0.05-0.1 mM) restored channel activity in the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). In contrast, high concentrations (1 mM) of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reduced the open probability (Po) of the channel in inside-out patches from 0.96 to 0. 1.2 mM adenosine diphosphate (ADP) also blocked channel activity completely, but 2 mM adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (AMP-PNP), a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, reduced Po only from 0.96 to 0.87. The half-maximal inhibition (Ki) of ATP and ADP was 0.5 and 0.6 mM, respectively, and the Hill coefficient of both ATP and ADP was close to 3. Addition of 0.2 or 0.4 mM ADP shifted the Ki of ATP to 1.0 and 2.0 mM, respectively. ADP did not alter the Hill coefficient. Reduction of the bath pH from 7.4 to 7.2 reduced the Ki of ATP to 0.3 mM. In contrast, a decrease of the free Mg2+ concentration from 1.6 mM to 20 microM increased the Ki of ATP to 1.6 mM without changing the Hill coefficient; ADP was still able to relieve the ATP-induced inhibition of channel activity over this low range of free Mg2+ concentrations. The blocking effect of ATP on channel activity in inside-out patches could be attenuated by adding exogenous PKA catalytic subunit to the bath. The dual effects of ATP on the potassium channel can be explained by assuming that (a) ATP is a substrate for PKA that phosphorylates the potassium channel to maintain normal function. (b) High concentrations of ATP inhibit the channel activity; we propose that the ATP-induced blockade results from inhibition of PKA-induced channel phosphorylation.
Entrevista a Enrique Used Aznar, Presidente de AMPER (2002)

Diabetic nephropathy, kidney transplantation, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, tuberous sclerosis complex, renal cell carcinoma and autophagy are future research hot spots by utilizing scientometric analysis. In the future, it is necessary to research these fields.
Efficient Hand Gesture Rendering and Decoding using a Simple Gesture Library (2006)

Recent work in hand gesture rendering and decoding has treated the two fields as separate and distinct. As the work of rendering evolves, it emphasizes exact movement replication, including more muscle and skeletal parameterization. The work in gesture decoding is largely centered on trained systems, which require large amounts of time in front of a camera rendering a gesture in order to decode movement. This paper presents a new scheme which more tightly couples the gesture rendering and decoding processes. While this scheme is simpler than existing techniques, the rendering remains natural looking, and decoding a new gesture does not require extensive training
Product Lifecycle Management: Closing the Knowledge Loops (2005)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Analysis of Phloxine B and Uranine in Coffee by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis after Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup (1998)

A method was developed for the analysis of phloxine B and uranine, photoactive dyes being evaluated as fruit fly toxicants, in coffee cherries and green and roasted beans. The analytes were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using visible and fluorescence detectors after cleanup with disposable amino cartridges. A mixture of methanol (MeOH)/acetonitrile/n-butylamine (n-BA) (1/1/0.05) effectively extracted phloxine B and uranine from coffee cherries and green beans. The method yielded good recoveries of phloxine B (66−89%) and uranine (75−100%) at spike levels of 0.05−1.0 μg/g from coffee cherries. Good recoveries of phloxine B (82−95%) and uranine (95−110%) were obtained from green beans at spike levels of 0.25−1.0 μg/g. Addition of sodium hexametaphosphate in roasted beans prior to extraction with MeOH/acetone/n-BA (1/1/0.05) yielded good recoveries of phloxine B (72−77%) and uranine (79%) at spike levels of 0.5−1.0 μg/g. HPLC and CZE are adequate for determining these analytes. The major advantages of CZE are short analysis time and use of inexpensive columns and aqueous buffer. Keywords: CZE; HPLC; solid-phase extraction; phloxine B; uranine; coffee
Wallet Contracts on Ethereum (2020)

On the blockchain, cryptocurrencies play a role similar to cash, while cryptographic tokens are a universal tool for handling rights and assets. Software wallets interact with blockchains in general and with smart contracts (on-chain programs) in particular. Some wallets are realized (partly) as smart contracts with the intent to increase trust and security by being transparent and by offering features like daily limits, approvals, multiple signatures, and recovery mechanisms. Ethereum is the most prominent platform for both, tokens and smart contracts, and thus also for wallet contracts. We discuss several methods for identifying wallet contracts in a semi-automatic manner by looking at the deployed bytecodes and their interaction patterns. Furthermore, we differentiate characteristics of wallets in use, and group them into six types.
Al César lo que es del césar y a Dios lo que es de Dios (2011)

Graft selection remains the greatest challenge for surgeons performing rhinoplasty. The preferred choice thus far for nasal reconstruction would be autograft compared to allograft due to its lower rate of infection and extrusion as it does not induce an immune response. We have evaluated 26 patients who underwent open structured rhinoplasty at our center and compared our experience regarding the operative technique, graft availability, indications, and limitations. The racial distribution was 18 Indians, 5 Chinese, and 3 Malays with a mean age, hospitalization, and followup of 30.5 years, 16.9 months, and 4.4 days, respectively. Majority of the patients (57.6%) presented with twisted nose and 30.7% of the patients presented with history of nasal trauma. All the patients had deviated septum of varying severity. The most common graft used was quadrangular cartilage graft and the common complications noted were ala deformity and tip anaesthesia in 7.6% patients respectively.
Breakdown Model Based on Interface Charges:a New Theory of the Vertical Breakdown Voltage of SOI Device (2006)

By solving the Poisson equation,a new breakdown model based on interface charges is developed in the paper.When interface charges are introduced on the upper surface of buried oxide,the profiles of electric field in buried oxide increases greatly due to the continuity of electric displacement and an ideal vertical breakdown voltage is exhibited.Furthermore,a concept of critic density of interface charges is proposed and an approximate formula for engineering application is given.Analytical results are shown in good agreement with numerical analysis and reported experimental data.
The Efficiency of Production of Characteristic X-radiation in Thick Targets of a Pure Element (1961)

A simple theoretical expression is proposed for K quanta production in directions at large angles to the surface of a thick target, neglecting absorption. Direct and indirect production are calculated and the ratio of indirect to total production is shown to be in agreement with experimental results both in magnitude and in independence of over-voltage U0. Total production is expressed as a function of atomic number Z and over-voltage U0, and is found to vary as (U0 - 1)1 67. Values for total production are in fair agreement with experimental values.
PP.25.23 (2015)

Objective: Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and is strongly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to study hypertension (HTN) prevalence in a group of CKD patients (pts) and its association with demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics, as well as nutritional and body water levels. Design and method: Cross sectional, prospective study. Patient population included CKD pts stage I to V not on dialysis followed as outpatients at a Nephrology Hospital Department. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault equation. InBody Segmental Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was performed to measure lean mass, body fat and hydration status. Overhydration was considered if TBW value was above [Combining Acute Accent]normal range[Combining Acute Accent]. Results: Study group of 89pts, 61.8% male, mean age 60.9 ± 17.7 years [range 21–92], 85.4%HTN (treated with a mean 1.8 ± 1.2 antihypertensive drugs), 75.3% had body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2; 29.8% Diabetics; 28.2% had CVD, 15.7% had blood pressure measured at the time of BIA above 140/90mmHg and 12.2% had peripheral edema. Median eGFR was 43 mL/min, Interquartile range: 29.8–80.9 mL/min. 37.9% class I/II, 28.7% class III, 18.4% class IV and 14.9% had CKD class V. Median percent body fat (PBF) beyond [Combining Acute Accent]normal[Combining Acute Accent] was 33.2%, IQR:3.75–57% (range: -46% to 112%). Mean ECW/TBW ratio was 38.29 ± 1.2% [range: 35–41%]. Table 1 shows pt population data according to HTN diagnosis. Hypertensive pts were significantly older, had lower eGFR and higher prevalence of extracellular water above [Combining Acute Accent]normal[Combining Acute Accent]. In a multivariate analysis, hypertension was independently and negatively correlated with eGFR (OR = 0.963; 95%CI: 0.938–0.988; p = 0.004) and positively correlated with overhydration (OR = 1.366; 95%CI: 1.03–1.810; p = 0.03). The model was adjusted to: age, gender, diabetes, BMI, cardiovascular disease and PBF.Conclusions: In this group of CKD patients, hypertension was associated with higher hydration status evaluated by BIA. Although BMI was slightly higher in hypertensive patients, hypertension was not associated with visceral fat area or body fat mass. Current clinical BMI evaluation may be insufficient to evaluate these patients and new methods to measure body water content seem to be required.
General Principles for Measuring Resting Membrane Potential and Ion Concentration Using Fluorescent Bioelectricity Reporters (2012)

This overview provides the basic information needed to understand, choose, and use fluorescent bioelectricity reporters (FBRs), where bioelectricity is defined as cell processes that involve ions or ion flux. While traditional methods of measuring these characteristics are still valid and necessary, the utility of FBRs has facilitated measurement of these properties under circumstances that are not possible with microelectrodes. Specifically, these dyes can be used to achieve subcellular resolution, to measure many cells simultaneously in vivo, and to track bioelectric gradients over long time periods despite cell movements and divisions. This article covers the basic principles underlying the interpretation of the dye signals, describes essential steps for troubleshooting, optimizing data collection, analysis, and presentation, and provides compilations of information that are useful for choosing FBRs for particular projects.
Evolutionary game theoretic model and end-to-end flow control in the Internet (2002)

Being faced with the rapid growth of the Internet, we are now finding efficient, distributed and dynamic network control mechanisms that can avoid network congestion and adapt to the complexity of the Internet environment. In this paper, from the viewpoint of evolutionary game theory, we propose an end-to-end flow control mechanism using evolutionary strategies. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the property and validity of this mechanism.
Parametric design of mechanical dither with bimorph piezoelectric actuator for ring laser gyroscope (2015)

This paper presents a mathematical model and a finite element model to investigate the model parameters of mechanical dither in a ring laser gyroscope in which the bimorph piezoelectric actuator are employed as driving mechanisms to avoid the problem of so-called lock-in effects. The validity and efficiency of the mathematical model and finite element model are conformed by comparing with the sinusoidal experimental results, and the errors are 3.14% and 1.79% respectively. Moreover, the parametric design for the geometric dimensions of mechanical dither and the bimorph piezoelectric actuators is easily achieved through finite element model. It is shown that careful selection of the structural parameters allows the resonant frequency to be suitable. These results are important for the mechanical dither design and improvement of high accuracy ring laser gyroscopes and inertial navigation system.
The carbonization of Montana coal (2015)

Investigations carried out show that favorable conditions exist for the establishment of a Montana coke industry.The object of this thesis is the determination of related knowledge fostering the development of such an industry.Coals investigated for coking qualities were from the Livingston-Trail Creek, Forsyth, Electric, Red Lodge, Great Falls-Lewistown, and Bull Mountain fields of Montana.Only coal from the Livihgston-Trail Creek, Electric and Great Falls-Lewistown fields would produce coke
Investigations of the magnetic properties of the granular system Co0.6(Al2On)0.4 possessing isotropic positive magnetoresistance (2007)

Magnetostatic, magnetoresonance (FMR), and magnetotransport measurements are performed in the temperature range 100–360K in the granular ferromagnetic film Co0.59(Al2On)0.41 possessing isotropic (independent of the angle between the direction of the current and magnetization in the plane) positive magnetoresistance in magnetic fields ±500Oe are performed. It is established that this anomaly of the magnetoresistance is due to short-range order effects in the ordering imposed on the magnetic moments of granules in the absence of an external magnetic field by their dipole–dipole interaction. It is established that the blocking temperature of thermally activated re-orientations of the magnetic moments of the granules differs substantially with respect to the measurement time and the methods used for this investigation. It is about 200K for magnetization measurements and exceeds 470K for FMR and measurements of the magnetoresistance. It is shown that ferromagnetic resonance in the present system changes from the regime “independent resonance of individual clusters” to the regime “collective resonance of a system of magnetic granules in a film” when the direction of the magnetic field changes from in-plane to normal to the film.
Anchoring effect of triglycine sulphate cleavage plane on MBBA liquid crystal (1981)

On the cleavage surface of ferroelectric triglycine sulphate (TGS) nematic MBBA aligns in different ways on domains with opposite directions of spontaneous polarization. From light intensities passing through twisted nematic MBBA placed between a TGS sample and an anisotropic glass plate the director of MBBA on plus domains of TGS is determined to be close to [508] or [702] crystallographic directions of TGS. This alignment as well as the orientation of MBBA along [001] direction on minus domains are caused by anisotropic surface anchoring on the TGS cleavage surface. On the calculated relief, wide deep channels have been found which could account for the easy direction on minus domains. The easy direction on plus domains originates in an anisotropic interaction between nematic molecules and those of the crystal. In the paraelectric phase of TGS, both alignments described are possible.