gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular maturity and apoptosis in human sperm: creatine kinase, caspase-3 and Bcl-XL levels in mature and diminished maturity sperm (2004)

The relationship between human sperm maturity and apoptosis is of interest because of the persistence of immature sperm in ejaculates in spite of various apoptotic processes during spermatogenesis. We assessed sperm maturity by HspA2 chaperone levels, and plasma membrane maturity by sperm binding to immobilized hyaluronic acid (HA). We also utilized objective morphometry. Sperm were stained with three antibody combinations: active caspase-3/creatine kinase (CK, a marker of cytoplasmic retention), caspase-3/the antiapoptotic Bcl-(XL), and CK/Bcl-(XL). In semen, 13% of sperm stained with CK, caspase-3 or Bcl-(XL), and 28% had stained with two markers. In the mature HA-bound sperm fraction, <4% were single- or double-stained. Regarding sperm regions, CK staining, whether alone or as double staining, occurred in the head and midpiece (15-20%), whereas caspase-3 and Bcl-(XL) were primarily (>80% of sperm) in the midpiece. Morphometrical attributes of clear, single- and double-stained sperm, in line with their more pronounced maturation arrest, showed an incremental increase in head size (due to cytoplasmic retention) and shorter tail length. We hypothesize that during faulty sperm development, three alternatives may occur: (i) elimination of aberrant germ cells by apoptosis; (ii) in surviving immature cells, caspase-3 is activated, and in response the antiapoptotic Bcl-(XL), and perhaps HspA2, provide protection; (iii) in a third type of immature sperm, in addition to the CK, caspase-3 and Bcl-(XL) expression, there are related manifestations of increased head size and shorter tail length. Thus, immature sperm may vary in the type of developmental arrest and in protection mechanisms for apoptosis. These variations are likely to explain the persistence of immature sperm in the ejaculate.
Application of sparse matrix techniques to search, retrieval, classification and relationship analysis in large data base systems - SPARCOM (1978)

In order to meet the requirements of Large Data Base (LDB) Systems for short response time and high throughput a new approach has been investigated. In this paper only certain aspects of a powerful system, called SPARCOM, are described. The unique approach of this system is the conceptual conversion of data into large sparse binary matrices that enables one to apply sophisticated sparse matrix techniques to perform data base operations. Only for the sake of clarity the matrices are presented in their binary form. The high performance of the system is due to the direct conversion and manipulation of the matrices in their compact form as obtained from the application of the sparse matrix algorithms.
Data in Clojure (2010)

Clojure is a dynamically typed language, which means that you never need to explicitly define the data type of symbols, functions, or arguments in your programs. However, all values still have a type. Strings are strings, numbers are numbers, lists are lists, etc. If you try to perform an unsupported operation on a type, it will cause an error at runtime. It is the programmer's responsibility to write code in such a way that this does not happen. This should be very natural to those with a dynamic language background, while it will no doubt take some getting used to for those who have only used static languages in the past.KeywordsRegular ExpressionSingle ArgumentNumeric ArgumentString FunctionCurly BraceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Single-agent use of Taxol (paclitaxel) in breast cancer. (1994)

The search for new active agents and strategies to improve the prognosis for patients with stage IV breast cancer has led to examination of paclitaxel. Several clinical trials have been undertaken to determine its optimal use and clarify its role in the treatment of breast cancer and other malignancies. Several phase II trials involving breast cancer patients with limited prior therapy have yielded overall response rates (complete response and partial response) of 44% to 62% among women receiving paclitaxel. Treatment was generally well tolerated, with febrile neutropenia the most common side effect. An interim analysis of the European-Canadian Randomized Trial in Metastatic Breast Cancer demonstrated safety and efficacy of paclitaxel in a multicenter setting. Among the 234 patients evaluable for response, 29% (34/117) responded at 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel and 22% responded (26/117) at 135 mg/m2. Treatment was well tolerated at both dose levels; responses continue to evolve in patients who remain on study. Among patients with extensive prior therapy (> 2 prior regimens for stage IV disease), paclitaxel also has demonstrated safety and efficacy. At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, responses were noted among 36% of patients who had received two prior treatments and 21% of those who had received 3 or more. Paclitaxel was administered at 200 mg/m2 plus G-CSF. Other studies involving heavily pretreated patients yielded overall response rates as high as 53%. The concerns about cross-resistance between paclitaxel and doxorubicin (or other agents for which resistance is thought to be at least partly due to P-glycoprotein-mediated pleiotropic drug resistance) also are addressed.
Hydrodynamic mechanisms of cell and particle trapping in microfluidics (2013)

Focusing and sorting cells and particles utilizing microfluidic phenomena have been flourishing areas of development in recent years. These processes are largely beneficial in biomedical applications and fundamental studies of cell biology as they provide cost-effective and point-of-care miniaturized diagnostic devices and rare cell enrichment techniques. Due to inherent problems of isolation methods based on the biomarkers and antigens, separation approaches exploiting physical characteristics of cells of interest, such as size, deformability, and electric and magnetic properties, have gained currency in many medical assays. Here, we present an overview of the cell/particle sorting techniques by harnessing intrinsic hydrodynamic effects in microchannels. Our emphasis is on the underlying fluid dynamical mechanisms causing cross stream migration of objects in shear and vortical flows. We also highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each method in terms of throughput, separation efficiency, and cell viability. Finally, we discuss the future research areas for extending the scope of hydrodynamic mechanisms and exploring new physical directions for microfluidic applications.
Limbic Activation During Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Since signals for cocaine induce limbic brain activation in animals and cocaine craving in humans, the objective of this study was to test whether limbic activation occurs during cue-induced craving in humans. METHOD: Using positron emission tomography, the researchers measured relative regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in limbic and comparison brain regions of 14 detoxified male cocaine users and six cocaine-naive comparison subjects during exposure to both non-drug-related and cocaine-related videos and during resting baseline conditions. RESULTS: During the cocaine video, the cocaine users experienced craving and showed a pattern of increases in limbic (amygdala and anterior cingulate) CBF and decreases in basal ganglia CBF relative to their responses to the nondrug video. This pattern did not occur in the cocaine-naive comparison subjects, and the two groups did not differ in their responses in the comparison regions (i.e., the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, and visual cortex). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that limbic activation is one component of cue-induced cocaine craving. Limbic activation may be similarly involved in appetitive craving for other drugs and for natural rewards.
Absolutinterferometrie mit durchstimmbaren Halbleiterlasern/ Absolute interferometry with tunable semiconductor lasers (1993)

Article Absolutinterferometrie mit durchstimmbaren Halbleiterlasern/ Absolute interferometry with tunable semiconductor lasers was published on May 1, 1993 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 60, issue 5).
Studies on the Structure of (+)-Rubremetinium Cation. A New Synthesis of C-Bisnor-rubremetinium Cation and its Model Compound (1965)

With an aim of determining the structure of rubremethinium cation, C-bisnorrubremetinium salts and their relative compounds were synthesized without any oxidation step, which indicated that the formula (II) is correct for rubremethinium cation in terms of absolute configuration. This assignment was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance data of this salt.
Soil Variability—A Serious Problem in Soil‐Site Studies in the Northeast (1963)

Abstract The degree of variability and its effect on accuracy of mean plot values for soil properties is an important problem needing evaluation for soil‐site studies in the Northeast. This paper discusses the variability in soils sampled in a red pine plantation site study. Two profiles were sampled by horizon on each plot. Data are presented on the following soil properties: organic matter, N, silt and clay, exchangeable Ca plus Mg, cation‐exchange capacity, and bulk density. Variability between plots was much greater than within plots. Some soil properties required a large number of samples for accurate estimation, others a small number. Variation did not differ greatly from A to B horizons.
Pareto Optimal Demand Response Based on Energy Costs and Load Factor in Smart Grid (2019)

Demand response for residential users is essential to the realization of modern smart grids. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective approach to designing a demand response program that considers the energy costs of residential users and the load factor of the underlying grid. A multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) is formulated and Pareto optimality is adopted. Stochastic search methods of generating feasible values for decision variables are proposed. Theoretical analysis is performed to show that the proposed methods can effectively generate and preserve feasible points during the solution process, which comparable methods can hardly achieve. A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is developed to solve the MOP, producing a Pareto optimal demand response (PODR) program. Simulations reveal that the proposed method outperforms the comparable methods in terms of energy costs while producing a satisfying load factor. The proposed PODR program is able to systematically balance the needs of the grid and residential users.
The last 200 feet - A low-cost approach to landing aircraft in zero-zero conditions (2013)

Current Federal Aviation Administration Category I Instrument Landing System approach minima are a 200-foot above ground level Decision Height and 2,400-foot Runway Visual Range. The pilot may not commence an approach if the reported conditions are below these minimums and may only continue an approach below the decision height if the runway environment is in sight. This presentation will show that technology exists today to allow a pilot to continue his approach below published decision height to touchdown without ever actually `seeing' the runway environment outside of his cockpit. Onboard the aircraft, Global Positioning System enhanced by Wide Area Augmentation System typically provides instantaneous positional accuracy of less than one meter horizontally and 1.3 meters vertically. With this metric even the smallest aircraft could determine its location in X, Y, and Z to well within a fraction of its own footprint. Using high-precision GPS surveying equipment to perform a real-time kinematic survey, airport runway locations can be determined with centimeter level accuracy, making it conceivable to land an aircraft on a specific point on the runway to a very high degree of accuracy. Instrument flight with no outside visual cues imparts high levels of stress on the pilot. Landing an aircraft in zero-zero conditions would add significantly more stress. Synthetic Vision Systems that offer the pilot a high-fidelity representation of the outside world would lessen or preclude this stress. Many major universities, government agencies, and aerospace corporations are already at work to provide these type systems. SVS will most likely be initially designed for commercial, military, and business-class aircraft, and will cost tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. This valuable and life-saving technology will not be affordable to most general aviation pilots. This paper proposes a reduced-cost SVS system for general aviation, based on a Microsoft Windows <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> -based tablet computer. This presentation will document the testing of this system under Visual Flight Rules conditions in order to quantify the achievable accuracy and characterize feasibility of the concept.
Wind Effects On Offshore Platforms:A Wind Tunnel Model Study (1993)

Proceedings of the Third (1993) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen (1952)

Die thermische Bildung von Siliciumwasserstoffradikalen und Η-Atomen aus entsprechenden Siliciumwasserstoffverbindungen ermöglicht Reaktionen mit Kohlenwasserstoffen, die zur Bildung von Si-C-Bindungen führen. Unter den Siliciumverbindungen werden das Hydrolysenprodukt des CaSi, das Siloxen und das SiH 4 für die Untersuchung ausgewählt. Der Reaktionsbeginn liegt bei der Zersetzungstemperatur der verschiedenen Siliciumwasserstoffverbindungen. Unter den Reaktionsprodukten finden sich einfache siliciumorganische Verbindungen, die sich formal vom SiH 4 durch Austauschen eines oder mehrerer Η-Atome durch organische Gruppen ableiten, Stoffe mit mehreren Siliciumatomen im Molekül in Form von Si-Si-Bindungen und schließlich feste polymere Produkte, unter denen die Verbindung [SiCH 3 ] x isoliert wurde.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by<i>Phoma glomerata</i>and its combined effect against<i>Escherichia coli</i>,<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>and<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

The bacterial resistance against antibiotics has been increasing with alarming rate. To overcome this problem, there is a pressing need to develop bactericidal agents. Ag-NPs may prove to be an answer to drug-resistant bacteria.
Sorting with GPUs: A Survey (2017)

Sorting is a fundamental operation in computer science and is a bottleneck in many important fields. Sorting is critical to database applications, online search and indexing,biomedical computing, and many other applications. The explosive growth in computational power and availability of GPU coprocessors has allowed sort operations on GPUs to be done much faster than any equivalently priced CPU. Current trends in GPU computing shows that this explosive growth in GPU capabilities is likely to continue for some time. As such, there is a need to develop algorithms to effectively harness the power of GPUs for crucial applications such as sorting.
Divergent Routes to Chiral Cyclobutane Synthons from (−)-α-Pinene and Their Use in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Dehydro Amino Acids (2000)

Several polyfunctionalized cyclobutane derivatives have been synthesized using commercial (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-verbenone as chiral precursors. Thus, oxidative cleavage of these compounds by using ruthenium trichloride afforded quantitatively (-)-cis-pinonic and (-)-cis-pinononic acids, respectively, without epimerization. These products were converted into several types of aldehydes, which are the key intermediates in the synthesis of cyclobutane dehydro amino acids via Wittig-Horner condensations with suitable phosphonates. These reactions are highly stereoselective, affording exclusively (Z) isomers, stereochemistry being assessed by NMR experiments. The obtained dehydro amino acids are polyfunctionalized molecules useful for the synthesis of other alpha-amino acids, with additional chiral centers, whose configuration must be induced by the chirality of the terpene employed as a precursor.
Human immunodeficiency virus type I-specific CD8+T cell subset abnormalities in chronic infection persist through effective antiretroviral therapy (2010)

The magnitude of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response ranged from < .01 to approximately 1.0% of PBMC and was significantly greater in the group with detectable viral replication. Stronger responses reflected higher numbers of CD8+CD45RA- effector memory cells producing IFN-gamma, but not IL-2. Magnitude, general specificity and character of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response changed little over the study period. While antiretroviral suppression of HIV in chronic infection reduces HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response magnitude in the short term, it had no significant effect on response character over periods up to 9 years.
X-ray flash techniques (1979)

The author examines the problems of X-ray flash production and its applications, similar to those of continuous X-radiation. Special problems are the fast production of high X-ray intensities to produce detectable radiation and the high-voltage and high-current discharge circuits required. Anode voltages from some 10 kV to about 1 MV and currents up to 10 kA are normal for laboratory equipment, but 100 MV and 1 MA are possible. The flash time is mostly between 10 ns and 1 mu s. Cineradiography with frame rates up to 10 6 pictures s -1 can be achieved.
Benefits of Dynamic Route Guidance Systems as Part of a Future Oriented City Traffic Management System (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to better cope with the future needs of traffic management systems an advanced route guidance and information system called LISB has been introduced and tested in the City of Berlin (West) (<span class="xref">1</span>). Infrared transmitters and receivers (beacons) are located at intersections of the main road network transmitting route recommendations to specially equipped vehicles. These vehicles measure their travel times per road section and transmit them via beacons to a central route guidance computer. Based on actual travel times, the central computer calculates the quickest routes in the network. These routes are indicated visually and audibly to the drivers, guiding them to their destinations, taking into account the actual and short-term predicted traffic situation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Within a large-scale field experiment the system's <b>performance</b>, acceptance by the drivers, and benefits for the users as well as for the municipality have been investigated (<span class="xref">2</span>). The final results and a way of incorporating individual traffic control systems into traffic management systems will be presented in the following paper.</div>
Silicon germanium BiCMOS technology (2003)

In the past few years, the cutoff frequency of silicon germanium bipolar transistors has nearly quadrupled for devices integrated in production BiCMOS process technology. This has enabled integration, speed and power improvements using silicon-based solutions in communications products previously served exclusively by III-V technology.
Synthesis of CuO nanometer powder by one step solid state reaction at room temperature (1998)

铜氧化物纳米粉末 wau 在房间温度与 NaOH 由 CuCl2 路 2H2O 的一步固体状态反应综合了。稳固的产品 CuO 被 X 光检查衍射和一台传播电子显微镜描绘。准备的铜氧化物的粒子与 20 nm 的平均直径是球形的，这被发现了。这个新方法与文学方法相比有便利和高产量的优点。
Nuclear Permeable Ruthenium(II) β-Carboline Complexes Induce Autophagy To Antagonize Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis (2010)

The role of autophagy in cancer development and response to cancer therapy has been a subject of debate. Here we demonstrate that a series of ruthenium(II) complexes containing a β-carboline alkaloid as ligand can simultaneously induce autophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells. These Ru(II) complexes are nuclear permeable and highly active against a panel of human cancer cell lines, with complex 3 displaying activities greater than those of cisplatin. The antiproliferative potentialities of 1-3 are in accordance with their relative lipophilicities, cell membrane penetration abilities, and in vitro DNA binding affinities. Complexes 1-3 trigger release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuation of ROS by scavengers reduced the sub-G1 population, suggesting ROS-dependent apoptosis. Inhibition of ROS generation also reduces autophagy, indicating that ROS triggers autophagy. Further studies show that suppression of autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) enhances apoptotic cell death.
Oil and gas: Water treatment in oil and gas production – does it matter? (2010)

Water is not normally associated in many people's minds with the production of oil and gas from underground reservoirs. Consequently, with no energy potential or sales value, is its separation, treatment and disposal important? David Robinson discusses issues surrounding the handling of water in the production of oil and gas.
Brain chorista extracorporeal circulation in this hospital. (1999)

当院で施行した弓部置換術をretrospectiveに検討した。症例は1992年4月から1998年5月までの真性瘤8例,急性大動脈解離10例,慢性大動脈解離3例の計21例。すべての症例で順行性脳灌流法を用いた。脳灌流は腕頭動脈,左総頸動脈の2ヵ所にそれぞれ別のローラーポンプを用いて行った。送血の指標は流量のみとし,腕頭動脈500～600ml/分,左総頸動脈250～300ml/分であった。選択的脳分離時間は腕頭動脈送血時間が26分から317分で平均124分,左総頸動脈送血時間が28分から349分で平均123分であった。明らかな脳梗塞を呈したのは1例で,周術期死亡例は3例で,死亡原因は脳障害によるものとは考えられず,LOS,DIC,MOFが主因であった。弓部置換術においては,それぞれの症例に最適な脳保護法の選択が肝要と考えられた。
Quantum States of Confined Carriers in Very Thin<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>-GaAs-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>Heterostructures (1974)

Quantum levels associated with the confinement of carriers in very thin, molecular-beam-grown ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$-GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ heterostructures result in pronounced structure in the GaAs optical absorption spectrum. Up to eight resolved exciton transitions, associated with different bound-electron and bound-hole states, have been observed. The heterostructure behaves as a simple rectangular potential well with a depth of $\ensuremath{\approx}0.88\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{g}$ for confining electrons and $\ensuremath{\approx}0.12\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{g}$ for confining holes, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{g}$ is the difference in the semiconductor energy gaps.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Index in Some Hematologic Diseases (1985)

The red blood cell distribution width index (RDW) was determined in a group of anemic male patients and normal male blood donors. Elevated mean RDW values were found in the anemic patients, with the highest value seen in sickle cell anemia, sickle cell-beta thalassemia, sickle cell trait, beta-thalassemia trait, and iron deficiency in decreasing order of magnitude. The mean RDW of the normal male subjects was 11.3. It was found that the RDW was proportional to the reticulocyte count, with the highest values in the patients with the highest reticulocyte count (sickle cell anemia). One clinical value of the RDW therefore may lie in its capacity for reflecting active erythropoiesis. For example, patients with normal or near-normal hemoglobin and with high RDWs may be suspected of having an elevated reticulocyte count that may indicate a hemoglobinopathy, such as sickle cell trait or thalassemia trait.