gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Permutation Invariant Training for Speech Separation (2019)

Single-microphone, speaker-independent speech separation is normally performed through two steps: (i) separating the specific speech sources, and (ii) determining the best output-label assignment to find the separation error. The second step is the main obstacle in training neural networks for speech separation. Recently proposed Permutation Invariant Training (PIT) addresses this problem by determining the output-label assignment which minimizes the separation error. In this study, we show that a major drawback of this technique is the overconfident choice of the output-label assignment, especially in the initial steps of training when the network generates unreliable outputs. To solve this problem, we propose Probabilistic PIT (Prob-PIT) which considers the output-label permutation as a discrete latent random variable with a uniform prior distribution. Prob-PIT defines a log-likelihood function based on the prior distributions and the separation errors of all permutations; it trains the speech separation networks by maximizing the log-likelihood function. Prob-PIT can be easily implemented by replacing the minimum function of PIT with a soft-minimum function. We evaluate our approach for speech separation on both TIMIT and CHiME datasets. The results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms PIT in terms of Signal to Distortion Ratio and Signal to Interference Ratio.
The Effects of Naloxone on Retinal Ischemia in Rats (1994)

The efficacy of naloxone (NL), a broad spectrum opioid antagonist, on retinal ischemia, was evaluated in a rat model of retinal ischemia with histopathologic and morphometric criteria. Two intraperitoneal injections of naloxone 3 mg/kg given immediately and 6 hr after reperfusion showed beneficial effects to the retina as evaluated at 2, 7, and 14 days after reperfusion. Morphologically, the naloxone-treated group showed better-preserved ganglion cells, nerve fiber layer, and inner nuclear layer. Morphometrically, in the treated groups, inner retinal thickness at all three time points and ganglion cell counts at 7 days showed higher values than vehicle controls. This beneficial effect of naloxone was dose-dependent with a minimal effective total dose of 6 mg/kg. A possible role of opiate receptors in retinal ischemia is suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to Chiral C8/C9‐Piperazino‐Substituted 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐ones as Peptidomimetic Scaffolds. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Vitro Study of the Kinetics of Transport of 125I Albumin from Serum to Arterial Wall (1974)

Conference Abstract| June 01 1974 In Vitro Study of the Kinetics of Transport of 125I Albumin from Serum to Arterial Wall A. Siflinger; A. Siflinger 1The Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London, S.W.7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. Parker; K. Parker 1The Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London, S.W.7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. G. Caro C. G. Caro 1The Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London, S.W.7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci Mol Med (1974) 46 (6): 31P–32P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs046031Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. Siflinger, K. Parker, C. G. Caro; In Vitro Study of the Kinetics of Transport of 125I Albumin from Serum to Arterial Wall. Clin Sci Mol Med 1 June 1974; 46 (6): 31P–32P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs046031Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1974 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1974 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Real-world behavior as a constraint on the cognitive architecture: Comparing ACT-R and DAC in the Newell Test (2003)

The Newell Test is an important step in advancing our understanding of cognition. One critical constraint is missing from this test: A cognitive architecture must be self-contained. ACT-R and connectionism fail on this account. I present an alternative proposal, called Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC), and expose it to the Newell Test with the goal of achieving a clearer specification of the different constraints and their relationships, as proposed by Anderson & Lebiere (A&L).
An apparatus for the accurate measurement of magnetic susceptibility (1954)

An apparatus is described for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of liquids and solutions by the Faraday method. The essential part is a quartz fibre vertical torsion balance. The accuracy of the measurements, which are made by a null method, is of the order of 1-2 parts in 10 000 with diamagnetics.
The ACEE program and basic composites research at Langley Research Center (1975 to 1986): Summary and bibliography (1987)

Composites research conducted at the Langley Research Center during the period from 1975 to 1986 is described, and an annotated bibliography of over 600 documents (with their abstracts) is presented. The research includes Langley basic technology and the composite primary structures element of the NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) Program. The basic technology documents cited in the bibliography are grouped according to the research activity such as design and analysis, fatigue and fracture, and damage tolerance. The ACEE documents cover development of composite structures for transport aircraft.
Hydrogen Bonds of Poly[(<i>n</i>-alkyl methacrylate)-<i>co</i>-(methacrylic acid)]’s in Dilute Solutions (1998)

Abstract The nature of the association of poly[(n-alkyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylic acid)]’s (poly(RMA-co-MAA)’s) in dilute chloroform solutions was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and the solution viscosity. The proportions (Pfree) of free carboxyls increased with the length of the alkyl groups in RMA’s and with the decreasing MAA composition. From the relationships between Pfree and the effective concentration (Ceff) of carboxyls attached to the polymer chain, it was shown that the major substituent effects of the alkyl groups on the hydrogen bonds in the copolymers are the extension of the polymer chain and the steric effect on the association between carboxyls and ester groups. Also, from the features of the shrinkage of the polymer chains accompanied with the intrachain association of carboxyls it was suggested that the hydrogen bonds in the copolymers are formed chiefly between neighboring sites along the chain.
Social and cultural factors affecting rates of regular retreatment of mosquito nets with insecticide in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania (1997)

Insecticide-treated mosquito nets have an impact on mortality and morbidity in young children under controlled conditions. When integrated into larger control programs, there is the danger that rates of regular retreatment of the nets with insecticide will drop, greatly limiting their effectiveness as a public health intervention. In Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, rates of retreatment dropped significantly when payment for the insecticide was introduced. A series of neighbourhood (hamlet) meetings were held in all study villages to discuss people's concerns about the insecticide and ways to increase rates of retreatment. Although changes were made in the procedure for retreatment, rates of retreatment remained lower than expected and showed marked variation within as well as between villages. We then conducted unstructured key informant interviews as well as informal discussions in a village with strong variation between different sectors of the villages in rates of retreatment. While logistical problems were most frequently cited as reasons not to bring nets for retreatment, political and social divisions within the community provided a better explanation. This is borne out by the low response to rearrangements in logistics which made retreating the nets significantly easier for households, and the higher response when changes were made in the channels of communication as well as the logistic features. It is clearly more difficult for villagers to appreciate the benefits of the insecticide than those of the nets. Great emphasis needs to be placed on the insecticide and its beneficial effects from the outset for any large-scale programme to be sustainable.
1327: Gene Expression Profiles in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041327: Gene Expression Profiles in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Gaelle Fromont, Michel Vidaud, Alain Latil, Guy Vallancien, Pierre Validire, and Olivier Cussenot Gaelle FromontGaelle Fromont More articles by this author , Michel VidaudMichel Vidaud More articles by this author , Alain LatilAlain Latil More articles by this author , Guy VallancienGuy Vallancien More articles by this author , Pierre ValidirePierre Validire More articles by this author , and Olivier CussenotOlivier Cussenot More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38552-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1327: Gene Expression Profiles in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 349–350 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 349-350 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Gaelle Fromont More articles by this author Michel Vidaud More articles by this author Alain Latil More articles by this author Guy Vallancien More articles by this author Pierre Validire More articles by this author Olivier Cussenot More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Performances of Serial Concatenated Zigzag Codes for High Rate Application (2006)

Zigzag code is a family of forward error correcting code similar to the single parity check codes. The code itself is a very weak code since the minimum Hamming distance of any code is equal to two. Zigzag codes can provide some protections in high data rate application tolerable to few errors such as real-time multimedia transmission. In this paper, we show the performances improvement when multiple zigzag encoders are cascaded directly, each of them separated by a random and different interleaver. We show that, for a very high rate application, the performances improved tremendously with very little rate deterioration. The complexity of the overall decoder is linearly proportional to the number of encoder cascaded. The results are compared to LDPC codes with similar blocksizes and rate.
Interspinous Process Decompression With the X-STOP Device for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (2006)

X-STOP is the first interspinous process decompression device that was shown to be superior to nonoperative therapy in patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication secondary to spinal stenosis in the multicenter randomized study at 1 and 2 years. We present 4-year follow-up data on the X-STOP patients. Patient records were screened to identify potentially eligible subjects who underwent X-STOP implantation as part of the FDA clinical trial. The inclusion criteria for the trial were age of at least 50 years, leg, buttock, or groin pain with or without back pain relieved during flexion, being able to walk at least 50 feet and sit for at least 50 minutes. The exclusion criteria were fixed motor deficit, cauda equina syndrome, previous lumbar surgery or spondylolisthesis greater than grade I at the affected level. Eighteen X-STOP subjects participated in the study. The average follow-up was 51 months and the average age was 67 years. Twelve patients had the X-STOP implanted at either L3-4 or L4-5 levels. Six patients had the X-STOP implanted at both L3-4 and L4-5 levels. Six patients had a grade I spondylolisthesis. The mean preoperative Oswestry score was 45. The mean postoperative Oswestry score was 15. The mean improvement score was 29. Using a 15-point improvement from baseline Oswestry Disability Index score as a success criterion, 14 out of 18 patients (78%) had successful outcomes. Our results have demonstrated that the success rate in the X-STOP interspinous process decompression group was 78% at an average of 4.2 years postoperatively and are consistent with 2-year results reported by Zucherman et al previously and those reported by Lee et al. Our results suggest that intermediate-term outcomes of X-STOP surgery are stable over time as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index.
Exertional dyspnoea due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a 55-year-old man (2007)

A 55 year-old man with history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and a remote history of methamphetamine use (>20 years before presentation) presented with a 2-year history of exertional dyspnoea. An adenosine thallium test showed a large area of anterior ischaemia. Diagnostic coronary angiography showed spontaneous coronary dissection originating in the ostium of the left anterior descending artery …
Oscillator strengths for Fe II transitions at 224.918 and 226.008 nanometers (1994)

view Abstract Citations (38) References (19) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Oscillator Strengths for Fe II Transitions at 224.918 and 226.008 Nanometers Bergeson, S. D. ; Mullman, K. L. ; Lawler, J. E. Abstract We report accurate experimental absorption oscillator strengths (f-values) for transitions out of the ground level of Fe II to the Z4D07/2 and z4F09/2 levels at 224.918 and 226.008 nm (air wavelengths) to be 0.00182(14) and 0.00244(19), respectively. The number in parenthesis is the uncertainty in the last digits. These two lines are important for studying Fe abundances and grain depletions in the interstellar medium. These f-values are determined by combining emission branching fractions with radiative lifetimes. Branching fractions are measured using classical spectroradiometry on an optically thin source. Radiative lifetimes are from the literature. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: November 1994 DOI: 10.1086/187618 Bibcode: 1994ApJ...435L.157B Keywords: Absorption Spectra; Abundance; Interstellar Matter; Iron Compounds; Numerical Analysis; Oscillator Strengths; Ultraviolet Emission; Astronomical Observatories; Branching (Mathematics); Radiative Lifetime; Signal To Noise Ratios; Spectrometers; Astrophysics; ISM: ATOMS; ATOMIC DATA; ISM: ABUNDANCES; ULTRAVIOLET: ISM full text sources ADS |
Effect of blank holder force on strain evolution of forming of steel/SRPP fibre metal laminate (2014)

Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45 to fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
The tetrapeptide AcSDKP specifically blocks the cycling of primitive normal but not leukemic progenitors in long-term culture: evidence for an indirect mechanism (1994)

In the present study, we investigated the ability of the tetrapeptide NAc-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-OH (AcSDKP), a reported inhibitor of primitive hematopoietic cells, to influence the proliferative behavior of primitive normal and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progenitor cells in the adherent layer of long-term cultures (LTCs). Addition of > or = 50 ng/mL of AcSDKP to LTCs of normal cells at the time of the regular weekly half-medium change selectively and reversibly decreased the proportion of high proliferative potential erythroid and granulopoietic progenitors in the adherent layer that were in S-phase without changing their numbers, but had no effect on either the cycling activity or number of analogous (neoplastic) cells in the adherent layer of CML LTCs. Specificity of the effect of AcSDKP on primitive normal progenitors was demonstrated by the finding that a similar addition of either the control peptide, AcSDKE, or 100 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, which contains the SDKP sequence), or SDKP itself (at 300 ng/mL) did not inhibit the proliferation of primitive normal progenitors in LTC adherent layers. Incorporation of > or = 30 ng/mL of AcSDKP (but not the related control peptide, AcSDKE) directly into methylcellulose cultures of normal marrow cells resulted in a dose- dependent suppression of colony formation, which was not seen in similar studies with CML marrow or after removal of adherent cells from normal marrow. Additional experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of AcSDKP on primitive normal progenitor cycling in the LTC system could be overcome by the simultaneous addition of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta); an antagonist of MIP-1 alpha. The apparent differential effect of AcSDKP on primitive normal and CML progenitors may thus be a secondary consequence of the differential responsiveness of these cells to MIP-1 alpha for another molecule antagonized by MIP-1 beta), whose production or release by adherent marrow cells is inducible by AcSDKP. Such a mechanism may offer a method for obtaining localized increases in vivo of cytokines like MIP- 1 alpha, suggesting novel and perhaps less toxic strategies for protecting primitive normal progenitors during repeated treatments with cycle-active chemotherapeutic agents where escalating the dose of drug given would be desirable.
[In vitro ultrasound pictures of kidney tumors]. (1978)

In 5 patients with malignant renal tumours apart from in-vivo-sonogrammes ultrasound pictures of the operatively removed perfused preparations of renal tumours were additionally performed. The nephrosonogramme intracorporally showed the typical ultrasound picture of a tumour with coarsely disseminated echostructure in acoustically homogenous normal renal parenchyma. In the extracorporal sonogramme the tumour imposed as relatively echo-poor zone compared with the normal renal parenchyma with strong echos. The loss of the extracorporal turgor is discussed as cause of the reversion of the intensity of the echo pattern. In 3 other tumour-free renal preparations the acoustic reversion phenomenon of the normal renal parenchyma was confirmed in the extra-corporal renal preparation.
Analysis of an array of line sources above a finite ground plane (1971)

A simplified analysis which gives insight into and physical interpretation on the radiation mechanism of an array of line sources above a finite ground plane is presented. Computations have been restricted to an array of two line sources since data are available for comparison. Results on the variation of the maximum field intensity, the angle of maximum field intensity, and the field intensity at the axis of the counterpoise as functions of the size of the ground plane are presented. Variations of the maximum field intensity and the angle of maximum field intensity as functions of the distance of the source above the ground plane are also illustrated. These data become very important in the design of antennas for aircraft navigation taking into account the presence of the finite counterpoise which otherwise could lead to erroneous designs.
Grain‐Boundary Reactions in Magnesia‐Chrome Refractories: Application of the Electron Probe, I (1966)

The technique for the preparation of polyphase refractories for electron probe investigations is described. Chemical changes occurring during heating of an unused chemically bonded magnesia‐chrome refractory were studied and the spatial distribution of Fe, Cr, Al, Mg, Ca, and Si at different temperatures was determined. The development of the reaction layer around the chromite grains, the migration of ions into the periclase grains, and the distribution of ions in silicates were followed qualitatively using Kα X‐ray and electron back‐scattering displays.
An ODE model for the HER2/3-AKT signaling pathway in cancers that overexpress HER2 (2010)

Targeted drug therapies have proven very useful as cancer treatments, but some still demonstrate very little antitumor activity in certain cancers. A class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are unexpectedly inefficient in some cancers are those that target the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. This paper proposes a mathematical model of the HER signaling pathway for the study and treatment of cancers that overexpress. The goals of this paper are threefold. The first is to introduce an ODE model that agrees with the existing data over large time intervals, and the second is to use this model to understand the effects of applying certain drugs to such cancers. We finally use this model to determine a “steering-based” treatment scheme for cancers that overexpress HER2.
Intramolecular Ring Opening of Epoxides by Bis-Activated Carbanions. The Influence of Ring Size on Reactivity and Selectivity (1994)

A quantitative study on the effect of ring size in the intramolecular ring opening of epoxides by\ncarbanions is described. Two series of substrates were examined a,a-bis-sulfonyl w-epoxides 1 and\na-cyano-a-sulfonyl w-epoxides 2; in each series the carbanion is tethered to the epoxide by a chain\nof variable length from one to four methylene groups. The nucleophile can attack either electrophilic\nposition of the oxirane ring, or both; exo ring opening of cyano sulfonyl epoxides 2 is followed by\na second cyclization leading eventually to bicyclic, fused y-lactones. Both series of epoxides show\nthe same trend of reactivity as a function of ring size, in the formation of three- to seven-membered\nrings, with reactivity maxima corresponding to the formation of cyclopropane and cyclopentane\nderivatives. Unlike 8 N 2 ring closure of w-halogeno carbanions, cyclization to a five-membered ring\nis the fastest process in this case. The ratio kdk5 between formation of three- and five-membered\nrings drops from over 100, in the SN2 cyclization of w-iodo bis-sulfones, to less than 0.5, in the\ncyclization of w-epoxy bis-sulfones 1. The difference is discussed in terms of trajectory of approach\nof the carbanion to the nucleophilic center. Cyclization of cyano sulfonyl epoxide 2a, in which the\nnucleophilic center and the epoxide are spaced by a single methylene group, is diastereoselective and\nleads to a bicyclic product with a cis fusion between the y-lactone and the cyclopropane ring.