gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy slow the annual decline in FEV1 in patients with severe hereditary alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency? Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Therapie von Lungenerkrankungen (WATL) alpha1-AT study group (1997)

Patients with severe hereditary alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha1-ATD) face a high risk of developing emphysema at a young age. Intravenous augmentation therapy with purified human alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) is now available. However, a controlled trial to show its efficacy has never been carried out. The aim of this study was to compare the decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (deltaFEV1) between Danish patients who had never received augmentation therapy and German patients treated with weekly infusion of alpha1-AT. From the files of the Danish alpha1-ATD register, 97 exsmokers, with a PiZ phenotype and for whom results of at least two lung function measurements with an interval of at least 1 yr were available, were identified. From a German group of patients treated with weekly infusions of alpha1-AT, 60 mg x kg(-1) body weight, 198 exsmokers, with biannual lung function measurements were identified. The deltaFEV1 was compared between the two treatment groups by random effects modelling. The deltaFEV1 in the treated group was significantly lower than in the untreated group, with annual declines of 53 mL x yr(-1) (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 48-58 mL x yr(-1)) and 75 mL x yr(-1) (95% CI 63-87 mL x yr(-1)), respectively (p=0.02). The two groups differed with respect to gender and initial FEV1% predicted. Gender did not have any influence on the deltaFEV1. Stratification by initial FEV1% pred showed a significant effect of the treatment only in the group of patients with an initial FEV1% pred of 31-65%, and deltaFEV1 was reduced by 21 mL x yr(-1). This nonrandomized study suggests that weekly infusion of human alpha1-antitrypsin in patients with moderately reduced lung function may slow the annual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second.
Confocal microscopy for astrocyte in vivo imaging: Recycle and reuse in microscopy (2013)

In vivo imaging is one of the ultimate and fundamental approaches for the study of the brain. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) constitutes the state-of-the-art technique in current neuroscience to address questions regarding brain cell structure, development and function, blood flow regulation and metabolism. This technique evolved from laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), which impacted the field with a major improvement in image resolution of live tissues in the 1980s compared to widefield microscopy. While nowadays some of the unparalleled features of 2PLSM make it the tool of choice for brain studies in vivo, such as the possibility to image deep within a tissue, LSCM can still be useful in this matter. Here we discuss the validity and limitations of LSCM and provide a guide to perform high-resolution in vivo imaging of the brain of live rodents with minimal mechanical disruption employing LSCM. We describe the surgical procedure and experimental setup that allowed us to record intracellular calcium variations in astrocytes evoked by sensory stimulation, and to monitor intact neuronal dendritic spines and astrocytic processes as well as blood vessel dynamics. Therefore, in spite of certain limitations that need to be carefully considered, LSCM constitutes a useful, convenient, and affordable tool for brain studies in vivo.
3D imaging using lens array and incoherent light (2015)

Recently, various 3D imaging devices and applications have been developed and also commercialized. In this paper, we specially discuss lens array imaging and incoherent digital holography. In lens array imaging, it is possible to capture the light field information object through the lens array, and the depth information can be extracted by the captured light field information. Also the captured information can be visually reconstructed by the 3D images in the manner of integral imaging or light field display. Incoherent digital holography is capable of recording the wavefront information from incoherent light, which was impossible in conventional digital holography. There are various remarkable applications including the natural light holographic camera or the holographic fluorescence microscopy using incoherent digital holography, and also acquired hologram can be used to implement holographic display since the original wavefront information also includes the depth information of the object. We expect that the integral imaging and incoherent digital holography can be applied to various fields, such as photography, video systems, biomedical area, and industrial measurement, according to the characteristics of the applications.
Effect of Circumferential Stresses on the Circumferential External Crack in Buried Pipelines(Modeling & Simulation) (2001)

The prediction of failure lives and the estimation of remaining lives of various buried pipelines are very important to protect human-being' daily lives from unexpected accidents. The fracture mechanics approach may do a good role to reduce to check the degree of the integrity of buried pipelines by using both stress (circumferential stresses) induced by varying boundary conditions in buried pipelines are reviewed in detail. The boundary conditions include the soil pressure, the width of trench, and the vehicle loading. The effect of hoop stresses on the external circumferential crack in buried pipelines are investigated by using a simple model proposed by this study, This study may be extended to investigate axial and mixed mode loading cracks as well.
Media Framing of Women’s Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

This article examines British media coverage of women's association football during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, to identify how the media framed the women's game and how these frames could shape the public perceptions of it. Through a database search of British-based news coverage of women's football, 100 news articles were identified in the first 6 months after the start of the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted, and five dominant frames were detected in the context of COVID-19: 1) <i>financial precariousness of women's football</i>; 2) <i>the commercial prioritisation of men's football</i>; 3) <i>practical consideration of the sport</i> (e.g., alterations to national and international competitions); 4) <i>debating the future of women's football</i> and 5) <i>concern for players</i> (e.g., welfare, uncertain working conditions). These frames depart from the past trivialisation and sexualisation of women's sport, demonstrate the increased visibility of women's football, and shift the narrative towards the elite stratum of the game. Most of this reporting was by women journalists, while men were shown to write less than women about women's football. This research advocates continued diversification of the sports journalism workforce to dissolve the hegemonic masculine culture that still largely dominates the industry.
Survival and accumulation strategies at the rural-urban interface in north-west Tanzania (1995)

This paper presents empirical material collected in the small town of Biharamulo (population 20,000) and four surrounding villages in 1993. The study area is located in the Kagera Region of north-west Tanzania. The paper attempts to demonstrate how rural areas and small urban centres are economically interdependent. Biharamulo is a district headquarter town and fulfils, inter alia, important administrative, marketing, service and retailing functions. The paper discusses how the four villages interact with the town and illustrates how village households adopt a combination of survival and accumulation strategies including the use of rural and urban resources. The most successful village households appear to be those which use urban opportunities and assets (for example, urban employment, urban house and shop ownership) to diversify income sources and thereby avoid the uncertainties of relying solely on marketable crop production for household security. As a backdrop to the whole discussion, an attempt is made to analyze the types of households which might be poor or, at least, susceptible to poverty.
Dimethyldiethoxysilane/tetraethoxysilane copolymers: precursors for the silicon-carbon-oxygen system (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimethyldiethoxysilane/tetraethoxysilane copolymers: precursors for the silicon-carbon-oxygen systemFlorence Babonneau, Kevin Thorne, and J. D. MackenzieCite this: Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 5, 554–558Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00005a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (602 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The role of PEEP in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during assisted ventilation (1990)

In patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) can significantly increase workload for ventilation. It has been suggested that, in the presence of expiratory flow limitation, application of low levels of PEEP by the ventilator can be used to reduce PEEPi and therefore the magnitude of the inspiratory effort during assisted mechanical ventilation (or pressure support) and weaning. Clearly, pulmonary hyperinflation should not be further enhanced in order not to counteract the beneficial effect of removing PEEPi by decreasing respiratory muscle length and force. This use of PEEP in COPD patients is supported not only by theory, but also by recent experimental work, although sufficient clinical information is not yet available to provide a guideline for titration of the PEEP level. Therefore, application of PEEP in COPD patients requires close monitoring of the end-expiratory lung volume. This can be accomplished, among other noninvasive ways (e.g. the inductive plethysmography), by inspection of flow/volume curves during application of increasing levels of PEEP. The shape of the expiratory limb of the flow/volume curve can also suggest the presence of dynamic hyperinflation and expiratory flow limitation.
Proposals For The Secure Use Of IoT Technology In The Car Industry - Proposals on how to use IoT technology in the car industry but avoid its negative security consequences (2016)

The Internet Of Things (IoT) is a hotter topic than ever. As devices and our daily life get connected to the IoT, we also put ourselves at risk. IoT security issues get reported on a regular basis, and experts are concerned that we will lose control of the situation. In this thesis, the IoT usage in the car industry is investigated and analyzed, and proposals for security issue mitigations are presented based on existing research. To do this work, existing research is being looked at and interviews with people in the car industry and IT-security are made. Not much research have been done about the security of IoT connected cars in general due to its infancy. Most previous research has been done for not IoT connected cars. This lack of research made security solutions for other IoT devices interesting to take inspiration from and was then used to form security proposals that cover multiple technologies used in the car industry and other industries.
Calcium and zinc adsorption by iron hydrous oxide gel (1980)

In the presence of 1M NaNO/sub 3/, freshly precipitated iron hydrous oxide gel suspensions (0.093M Fe) selectively adsorbed Ca and Zn over a wide concentration range. Adsorption was highly pH dependent, especially for Zn. For Ca, the pH at which 50% adsorption occurred, pH/sub 50/, varied from pH 7.15 at 2 x 10/sup -6/M Ca (total) to pH 9.55 at 10/sup -2/M Ca, whereas for Zn, the pH/sub 50/ values varied from pH 5.00 at approx. 10/sup -7/M Zn to pH 6.25 at 10/sup -2/M Zn. Adsorption isotherms for Ca (pH 8.0) and Zn (pH 5.5 and 6.5) showed no adsorption maxima. With high Zn concentrations at pH 6.5, Zn precipitated as a separate, visible zinc hydroxide (or hydroxycarbonate) phase. At an equilibrium concentration of 10/sup -7/M Zn, Fe gel adsorbed approximately 5 ..mu..g Zn/g at pH 5.5 and an estimated 240 ..mu..g Zn/g at pH 6.5 indicating that amorphous iron oxides retain small, but perhaps significant, quantities of Zn at realistic soil solution concentrations.
High-performance low-temperature poly-Si TFTs crystallized by excimer laser irradiation with recessed-channel structure (2001)

High-performance low-temperature poly-Si (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated by excimer laser crystallization (ELC) with a recessed-channel (RC) structure. The TFTs made by this method possessed large longitudinal grains in the channel regions, therefore, they exhibited better electrical characteristics as compared with the conventional ones. An average field-effect mobility above 300 cm/sup 2//V-s and on/off current ratio higher than 10/sup 9/ were achieved in these RC-structure devices. In addition, since grain growth could be artificially controlled by this method, the device electrical characteristics were less sensitive to laser energy density variation, and therefore the uniformity of device performance could be improved.
Prediction of Fuel Vapor Generation From a Vehicle Fuel Tank as a Function of Fuel RVP and Temperature (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Nomographs and an equation (shown below) have been developed for estimating the fuel vapor generation from a vehicle fuel tank as a function of fuel volatility (Read vapor pressure) and fuel tank temperature increase. <div id="FD1" class="formula"> <div class="graphic-wrapper"><img class="article-image equation block" src="892089_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/></div> </div></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">where A, B, and C are the constants and are equal to 0.00817, 0.2357, and 0.0409, respectively, for gasoline at sea level; T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> are the initial and final tank temperatures, respectively, in °F; and RVP is the Reid vapor pressure of the fuel in psi.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Nomographs were developed for estimating the effects of altitude, oxygenated fuels (<span class="xref">10</span>% ethanol blends), and tank pressure controls on tank vapor generation. The equation constants were also determined for gasolines at high altitude and for 10% ethanol blends both at sea level and high altitude.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Since tank vapor generation is directly proportional to tank vapor space volume, the equation can be used for estimating vapor generation from any fuel tank. Experimentally measured fuel vapor generations with a wide variety of fuels over a wide range of temperatures were compared with those predicted by the equation; the agreement between the measured and predicted results was excellent (R<sup>2</sup>=0.97).</div>
Analysis and classification of speech mode: whispered through shouted (2007)

Variation in vocal effort represents one of the most challenging problems in maintaining speech system performance for coding, speech and speaker recognition. Changes in vocal effort (or mode) result in a fundamental change in speech production which is not simply a change in volume. This is the first study to collectively consider the five speech modes: whispered, soft, neutral, loud and shouted. After corpus development, analysis is performed for i) sound intensity level, ii) duration and silence percentage, iii) frame energy distribution and iv) spectral tilt. The analysis shows vocal effort dependent traits which are used to investigate speaker recognition. Matched vocal mode conditions result in a closed-set speaker ID rate of 97.62%, with mismatch vocal conditions producing 54.02%. Finally, a speech mode classification system is developed, which has a range of classification rate from 44.5% to 98.5% confusing with adjacent vocal modes. These advancements can provide improved speech/speaker modeling information, as well as classified vocal mode knowledge to improve speech and language technology in real scenarios.
A Case Study on Testing Activites for KT-OSS Maintenance (2007)

This paper describes the testing activities for the maintenance of the KT-OSS (Korea Telecom Operations Support System). Since the KT-OSS is a large software, it is essential to continuously perform maintenance activities such as the addition of new services from business departments and new functions requested by users and operators, performance improvement of existing functions, correction of the errors found during operation of the system, and so on. To ensure the successful maintenance of the KT-OSS without any effect on the existing functions and performance, we performed various tests related to functionality, efficiency and others before the added and modified parts were applied to the KT-OSS. In this paper, we show the maintenance process, the various tests related to it, the test organization, and the test environment for controlling the quality of the KT-OSS maintenance. Through these testing activities, we were able to successfully maintain the KT-OSS.
Tell Me Where to Look (2017)

360° videos give viewers a spherical view and immersive experience of surroundings. However, one challenge of watching 360° videos is continuously focusing and re-focusing intended targets. To address this challenge, we developed two Focus Assistance techniques: Auto Pilot (directly bringing viewers to the target), and Visual Guidance (indicating the direction of the target). We conducted an experiment to measure viewers' video-watching experience and discomfort using these techniques and obtained their qualitative feedback. We showed that: 1) Focus Assistance improved ease of focus. 2) Focus Assistance techniques have specificity to video content. 3) Participants' preference of and experience with Focus Assistance depended not only on individual difference but also on their goal of watching the video. 4) Factors such as view-moving-distance, salience of the intended target and guidance, and language comprehension affected participants' video-watching experience. Based on these findings, we provide design implications for better 360° video focus assistance.
Lao PDR - Preparation of a national single window : a blueprint for implementation (2013)

The principle long term development objective of implementing an effective, sustainable, and cost effective national single window (NSW) system and supporting environment is to make trade faster, simpler, and lower cost for traders. The successful implementation of a NSW should simplify import and export requirements for traders, reduce transaction costs, and improve data integrity. It should also reduce the opportunities for rent seeking, increase transparency and predictability, and facilitate the adoption of modern risk based approaches across government agencies that have border management responsibilities. Once implemented, it is envisaged that the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) NSW will establish a single point for electronic submission in order to facilitate the lodging of standardized information to fulfill all the regulatory requirements for imports, exports, and transits. This blueprint for implementation is the result of a World Bank-funded assignment to provide technical assistance for the preparation of a Lao PDR NSW and it has been assembled to offer support and direction to the Government of Lao PDR (GOL) as it proceeds towards implementation of itsNSW. The LNSW blueprint for implementation consists of an executive summary, a general narrative providing an introduction, summarized details of the technical team's findings and final conclusions for the different task clusters undertaken under the technical assistance assignment. Details are also provided of key questions that the GOL may need to address in order to help focus strategic direction for implementation of a NSW in Lao PDR.
A Two-Point Boundary-Value Approach for Planning Manipulation Tasks (2005)

We consider the problem of planning manipulation tasks in which rigid body dynamics are significant and the rigid bodies undergo frictional contacts. We develop a dynamic model with frictional compliant contacts, and a time-stepping algorithm that lends itself to finding trajectories with constraints on the starting and goal conditions. Because we explicitly model the local compliance at the contact points, we can incorporate impacts without resetting the states and reinitializing the dynamic models. The problem of solving for the frictional forces with the Coulomb friction cone law reduces to a convex quadratic program. We show how this formulation can be used to solve boundary value problems that are relevant to process design, design optimization and trajectory planning with practical examples. To our knowledge, this paper is the first time boundary value problems involving changes in contact conditions have been solved in a systematic way.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone: Production, Characterization, and Immunocytochemical Application1 (1991)

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin and used to immunize a BALB/c mouse. Spleen lymphocytes were subsequently fused to SP2/0 myeloma cells and two of the resulting hybridoma clones were found to produce high titer antibodies to LHRH (HU4H and HU11B); both belonged to the IgG1 subclass. Characterization of the monoclonal antibodies revealed that HU4H and HU11B have conformational and sequential specificity to LHRH, respectively, and that neither one shows significant immunoactivity with pro-LHRH. The value of these antibodies in immunocytochemical applications is demonstrated by their ability to cause intense specific staining of LHRH neuronal cell bodies and fibers in brain sections from several mammalian species.
Automatic Impedance Matching System for RF Sputtering (1970)

A previously described' “L” type matching network used for rf sputtering is shown here as part of Fig. 1. The purpose of the network is to transform the complex impedance of a sputtering system to a purely resistive value of 50 Ω. This makes possible the use of a transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 for the conveyance of rf power to the system. The rf power is conveniently monitored by a power meter in the transmission line. Since the power meter is capable of measuring both forward and reflected power, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) on the transmission line can be computed. The VSWR will be unity when the matching network is adjusted so that the transmission line is terminated in its characteristic impedance. Practically, it is difficult to achieve a VSWR of unity (zero reflected power), so the network is adjusted to approach that optimum state as nearly as possible.