gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SUPERPAVE (TRADEMARK) CRITERIA FOR VMA AND FINE AGGREGATE ANGULARITY. VOLUME 1 OF 2: VOIDS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE (VMA) (2002)

The volumetric properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures including, asphalt content, voids in the mineral aggregates (VMA), and the voids filled with asphalt (VFA) have been identified as important parameters for durability and performance. However, the VMA is considered the most important parameter and is used in the Superpave mixture design specifications to disqualify mixtures from being used. This research was designed to evaluate the effects of volumetric properties on the performance of HMA. Fine-graded and coarse-graded mixtures were produced at multiple VMA levels by varying the gradations for a common set of aggregates and asphalt cement. Some mixtures were purposely designed not to meet the Superpave VMA requirements, while meeting all other Superpave requirements. The mixtures were tested for durability and performance by measuring their fracture resistance and rutting resistance after both short-term and long-term oven aging, by using the Superpave IDT test and Servopac gyratory testing machine respectively. Permeability tests were also performed on all mixtures to get an indication of void structure. The asphalt binder was extracted and recovered for testing to determine the effect of different mixture characteristics on the rate of binder age-hardening as measured by changes in the binder properties. Results showed that the current Superpave controls on VMA for coarse-graded mixtures may not be adequate. The relatively high values for coarse mixtures may result in asphalt mixtures that contain too much asphalt binder, which may result in mixtures with less than optimal rut resistance. A modified procedure was presented to calculate effective film thickness and effective VMA, which appeared to be more relevant parameters for evaluating durability and performance irrespective of the mixture type used. Other factors, such as gradation and void structure were identified as characteristics that can strongly relate to mixture performance.
Sites in the diyne-ene bicyclic core of neocarzinostatin chromophore responsible for hydrogen abstraction from DNA (1988)

The antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin exhibits its main drug action by abstracting hydrogen from DNA deoxyribose with consequent strand breakage or related lesions. All biological activities of the drug derive solely from a nonprotein chromophoric substance (NCS-chrom) consisting of a novel epoxy-bicyclo-diyne-ene system. Thiol or sodium borohydride activates NCS-chrom into a labile, reactive species that induces DNA damage but causes inactivation of the drug in the absence of the target DNA. Mass spectrometric studies indicate that the isolated thiol-activated NCS-chrom product in the presence of DNA has the same molecular weight as the thiol-inactivated NCS-chrom product in the absence of DNA. No deuterium is incorporated into the chromophore from the deuterium-labeled sulfhydryl group. Since three deuterium atoms can be incorporated into the drug by treatment with sodium borodeuteride without DNA, adding an unlabeled DNA under parallel conditions permitted the ready identification of the activated NCS-chrom product that abstracted hydrogen from the DNA. Not only does the activated NCS-chrom product have the same structure as the inactivated drug without DNA, but two of the incorporated deuterium atoms have been substituted by hydrogen. With the aid of NMR spectrometry, the two replaced hydrogen atoms are found to be incorporated into the C-2 and C-6 positions of the bicyclo-diyne-ene ring of NCS-chrom and are derived neither from borodeuteride nor from the hydroxyl functions of the solvents. In accord with current proposals, the two hydrogens incorporated into the drug may come from closely opposed sites on the complementary strands of the DNA at which the drug is bound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Syngenetic-remobilized versus epigenetic: why won't the Mount Isa copper controversy go away? (2010)

Over half a century of research on and mining of the Proterozoic, shale-hosted Mount Isa copper orebodies has not removed the shadows of doubt from genetic models for this deposit. The controversy stems from a broad range of seemingly conflicting datasets, and also the insistence by many researchers that a single model adequately describes the ore genesis. This contribution aims to present the different models with as little bias as possible, and attempts to come up with a more comprehensive explanation for the genesis of this extraordinary giant, both in its local and regional context.
P1‐278: Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts on 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Novel Marker of Cerebrovascular Disease (2016)

Cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) are increasingly being recognized as an important novel marker of cerebrovascular disease. Only recently has it been possible to detect cortical CMIs in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, their role in causing cognitive impairment remains unclear. We examined possible risk factors of cortical CMIs on 3T MRI and their association with cognitive impairment in a subsample from a population-based study. Subjects (aged ≥60 years) recruited into the multiethnic Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore [EDIS] study underwent neuropsychological testing and 3T brain MRI. Cortical CMIs were graded using a previously validated protocol. Cognitive impairment was categorized into cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND)-mild, CIND-moderate and dementia. Cognitive function was summarized as composite and domain-specific Z-scores. Among 861 subjects, 54 (6·3%) had ≥1 cortical CMIs. In multivariate-adjusted models, risk factors of cortical CMIs were increasing age, Malay ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, history of stroke and markers of both large (cortical infarcts and intracranial stenosis) and small (lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds) vessel disease. Presence of cortical CMIs was associated with CIND-moderate [Odds Ratios (OR): 3·12; 95% confidence interval (CI):1·18-8·58], dementia [OR: 16·92; 95% CI: 3·37-85·05] and poorer cognitive function [mean difference in composite Z-score: -0·42; 95% CI: -0·62; -0·21]. Additional adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors and other MRI markers did not alter these associations.
Facilitating the conservation treatment of Eva Hesse’s Addendum through practice-based research, including a comparative evaluation of novel cleaning systems (2020)

Abstract This paper describes the methodology and practice-based research underpinning the development of a successful cleaning strategy for Eva Hesse’s sculpture Addendum (1967, Tate Collection T02394). Research strands included: technical and art historical investigations to determine the materials and construction of the work of art and to define the aims of the conservation treatment; the production, soiling and accelerated ageing of mock-up samples using contemporary equivalent materials; and the systematic, iterative evaluation of soiling removal systems, which were further refined for appropriate use on the work of art. The comparative cleaning system evaluation was employed to determine options which offered optimal soiling removal efficacy and posed minimal risk to the work of art. Newly developed Nanorestore Gel ® Peggy series (i.e. polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA/PVP)-based hydrogels), designed for the cleaning of modern and contemporary art, were evaluated with a range of other gels, emulsifiers and cosmetic sponges and assessed through a combination of empirical observation, microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. Promising options, combined with tailored aqueous phases derived from trials on mock-up samples, were then evaluated on discreet areas of the sculpture. After extensive testing, the top papier mâché section of Addendum was surface cleaned using an aqueous solution applied with cosmetic sponges, and the ropes were surface cleaned using a modified version of Nanorestore Gel ® Peggy 5 (PVA/PVP) loaded with a tailored aqueous solution. The optimisation of this hydrogel, combined with the extensive supporting research, enabled the successful, low-risk, conservation treatment of Addendum for the first time since acquisition.
An epidemiological study of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> serotypes of pigs in Ontario determined by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. (2018)

The purpose of the study was to identify the serotypes of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> from tonsil swabs in clinically ill and healthy pigs in Ontario using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Although 22 different serotypes were identified, most isolates were <i>S. suis</i>-like bacteria or untypable.
A probabilistic corpus-driven model for lexical-functional analysis (1998)

We develop a Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) model based on the syntactic representations of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). We start by summarizing the original DOP model for tree representations and then show how it can be extended with corresponding functional structures. The resulting LFG-DOP model triggers a new, corpus-based notion of grammaticality, and its probability models exhibit interesting behavior with respect to specificity and the interpretation of ill-formed strings.
849. Fluoro-olefins. Part I. The synthesis of hexafluorobuta-1 : 3-diene (1952)

R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 4423 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520004423
ECC Water Film Spreading, ECC Water Bypass and Sweep-out Phenomena in the Downcomer with DVI of APR1400 under LBLOCA (2002)

In the present study, several experiments related to the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in downcomer with DVI under LBLOCA (Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident) were carried out using the experimental facility of plane-channel type scaled down as 1/7 ratio of prototype reactor (APR1400). Especially, phenomena such as ECC (Emergency Core Cooling) water entrainment and mixing in the downcomer were focused in the present study. Water film spreading was studied and compared with the full-scaled experiment and the experiment with a 1/7 scaled cylindrical-type test section to see the scaling effect and its curvature effect. It turns out that the curvature effect is negligible and the present modified linear scaling law is more appropriate than the linear scaling law. The water height and the amount of ECC water bypass by onset of sweep-out were measured from the visual observation of sweep-out in the downcomer. From this test, the onset of continuous sweep-out was used to analyze the water height in the downcomer. The amount of ECC water bypass by sweep-out was measured and compared with the UCB and KfK correlations. It is found that the best fit of the data from the present experiment lies between the predictions by the two correlations.more » ECC water mixing phenomena in downcomer were observed focusing on the ECC water film behavior. From the air and water mixing tests, it is concluded that ECC water bypass fraction is highly dependent on DVI position rather than gas flow rates and ECC water bypass fraction is less than 10% of injection ECC water. From the steam and water mixing tests, it is concluded that ECC bypass fraction with steam injection is under 1.5% and much less than that with an air injection because of the condensation in the downcomer. (authors)« less
Screen printed RFID antennas on low cost flexible substrates (2011)

Recently, more and more studies are carried out in the field of printed RFID tags. It is connected with rapid development of new electronic technology, i.e. printed electronics which utilizes printing techniques, like screen printing, inkjet, flexography or gravure, for production of electronic components. This method is on one hand environmentally friendly because it allows eliminating wastes emerging during etching process used commonly in electronics. On the other hand, components can be printed on low cost flexible substrates, like foil or paper. These two factors cause that such products are cheap and can be competitive with their equivalents used currently. In this study, investigations of RFID tag antennas working in UHF frequency range made with screen printing technique are described. Conductive polymer pastes containing silver nanopowder, silver flakes or carbon nanotubes were used for antenna fabrication. Each of them was deposited on foil and paper. Properties of printed antennas were investigated by return loss measurements performed in the frequency range 0.5 ÷ 1.5 GHz. Achieved results were compared with simulation carried out in CST Microwave Studio. Antenna surface profile was checked using optical profilometer or metallographic microscope. Its mechanical tests were also conducted. The obtained results showed that the best candidate for antenna printing on flexible substrate was the paste with silver nanopowder because it combined high conductivity and high mechanical durability.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF SKIM MILK PROTEINS USING PREPARATIVE ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING FOLLOWED BY POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (1992)

ABSTRACT A preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF) method was applied to separate skim milk proteins using the Rotofor device in a pH 3–10 gradient containing 4 M urea/1% triton X-100. Each of the 20 fractions obtained from the Rotofor device was then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Both urea-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were used to separate purified caseins and skim milk resulting in comparable two-dimensional patterns. The major bovine caseins (αs1, αs2, β, K-casein) were resolved better on urea-PAGE. The αs1-and β-casein were focused at pH ∼ 4.5 and 4.8, respectively, whereas αs2-caseins focused as several bands at pH 6.2–6.8. The A variant of K-casein focuses at Fractions 6–9 which is slightly more acidic than the B variant that focuses at Fractions 7–13. No sample pretreatment was necessary to analyze skim milk proteins and urea-PAGE clearly resolved bands of all major caseins and whey proteins. Preparative isoelectric focusing followed by PAGE was found to be a useful and powerful method to analyze milk proteins in two-dimensions. This technique facilitates the analysis of the relative amounts of proteins in milk, as well as simplifies the detection of changes and foreign proteins in milk.
Optimized video decoder architecture for TMS320C64x DSP generation (2003)

The TMS320C64x DSP is a generation of high-speed DSPs with a rich instruction set and an efficient memory system for multimedia processing. Digital video decoding is one of the key applications in multimedia processing. It is a computationally intensive application, which requires high bandwidth to external memory and an efficient DMA engine. Reference models for video decoders typically follow a simple data flow that operates sequentially on one macroblock (MB) at a time. This structure leads to inefficiencies in real-time implementations including less than optimal utilization of program caches and DMA bandwidth. These issues become more significant with high-performance devices like the C64x DSP because the CPU efficiency and high-clock rate allow the core processing to occur much faster than on other processors. At the same time, the bandwidth to external memory has not increased at the same rate as the processing performance. This can lead the performance bottleneck to be I/O bandwidth instead of processing unless the system data flow is carefully designed. This paper describes an optimized flow for MPEG-2 decoding, which processes multiple blocks at a time to obtain optimum cache performance and DMA bandwidth efficiency. With this approach, system overhead is reduced from as high as 100% for worst-case B frames with the conventional flow to less than 20%.
Automated Discovery of Long Intergenic RNAs Associated with Breast Cancer Progression (2012)

Abstract : Of the 40,000 women in the United States that die from breast cancer every year, almost half of them might have once thought they were cured. While treatment of early stage breast cancer can be curative, up to 30% of node-negative and 70% of nodepositive breast cancers will relapse. Therefore, risk stratification and surveillance of breast cancer is of paramount importance. Prognostic markers such as estrogen and progesterone receptor, ERBB2, and comedo necrosis currently guide clinical decisions, but these markers often fail to estimate the true risk of relapse for many patients. This results in frequent overtreatment of indolent cancer and undertreatment of high-risk disease. Over the past decade gene expression microarrays have facilitated the development of prognostic tests, but Next Generation Sequencing of cancer transcriptomes (RNA-seq) technologies can provide more information at higher accuracy. However, current RNA-seq analysis tools cannot resolve a significant portion of the data emanating from cancer transcriptomes, and it is precisely this data that could lead to the discovery of novel genetic aberrations and/or therapeutic targets. Therefore, we hypothesize that transcriptome sequencing can elucidate novel transcriptional aberrancies in breast cancer that may affect or predict disease prognosis. We will test this hypothesis with the following specific aims: 1) we will employ a combined alignment and assembly approach to increase the sensitivity of current analysis methods, 2) use this approach to detect novel transcriptional aberrancies in breast cancer, and 3) predict functional relationships between novel transcripts and known prognostic markers. Methods to detect and characterize these transcripts could lead to discovery of oncogenic mutations, delineate new molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and/or identify novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
Use of contact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches (1996)

Poor denitrification in a Pasveeer oxidation ditch is attributed to a lack of carbon sources available in the anoxic zone as it is essential to maintain a high C/N ratio for denitrification. Influent of sewage directly into the anoxic zone is not useful to maintain a high C/N ratio. The adsorptive capacity of activated sludge can rapidly increase the C/N ratio. Similar to a contact-stabilization process, a contact tank can be combined with the Pasveer ditch; it provides contact time (zone) between raw sewage and return sludge before entering the ditch. In principle, insoluble organic substrate can be easily adsorbed onto the floc surfaces and enmeshed in the floc structure at a short retention time. After the contact, mixed influent is introduced into the anoxic zone. As a result, a high C/N ratio is obtained which enhances denitrification. Using this set up, the Pasveer ditch was operated. The experimental results show that the efficiency of denitrification has been enhanced from 45 to 83% for NO−3-N removal. The corresponding denitrification capacity of the sludge is increased by 240%. The contact tank has also the same principle as a ‘selector’ to control bulking sludge caused by filamentous bacteria. The SVI data and microscopic examination indicated improved settleability of the sludge. Further enhancement of denitrification needs an exact control of the dissolved oxygen level in the ditch and/or a concentration increase of denitrifying microorganisms.
[Superior vena cava-right atrial appendage direct anastomosis for repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to superior vena cava]. (1994)

Successful repair was performed for a 7-year-old male with a diagnosis of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) to superior vena cava (SVC) and superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD). The SVC was divided above the orifice of the anomalous pulmonary vein and the cephalad end of the SVC was anastomosed directly to the right atrial appendage. A patch was used to divert pulmonary venous flow from the orifice of the SVC through superior sinus venosus ASD into the left atrium. Postoperative course was uneventful with normal sinus rhythm. There was no evidence of vena caval or pulmonary venous obstruction. At 3-month after surgery, sinus node function was confirmed to be normal by electrophysiological study. This is useful alternative method for repair of PAPVC to high or middle SVC.
Flow-cytometry-enhanced fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen. (2000)

Flow-cytometry-enhanced fine-needle aspiration of the spleen is a safe and useful tool for the interventional radiologist. In our institution, it evolved as the result of effective teamwork between diagnostic radiologists and pathologists. Flow cytometry promises to be increasingly useful in the diagnosis and management of lymphoproliferative diseases.
The effects of deep zones on wetland nitrogen processing (2007)

Twelve research wetlands were operated under varying conditions at a site west of the city of Phoenix. These were constructed as a triplicated design, with zero, one, two and three internal deep zones, all containing an inlet distribution and an outlet collection deep zone, together comprising 12.5-35% of the wetland areas. The water supply was partially nitrified effluent from a city wastewater treatment plant. Total nitrogen was reduced by about 50%, from inflow concentrations between 6 and 8 mg/L. Speciation of the inflow was approximately 25% organic nitrogen, 25% ammonium nitrogen and 50% nitrate nitrogen. Typical outflow concentrations were about 1.2 mg/L organic, 0.5 mg/L ammonium and 0.0-2.5 mg/L nitrate. Rate constants for total nitrogen were 15-20 m/year at 20 degrees C, and 20-30 m/year for nitrate, which agree well with other project reports. Temperature factors averaged 1.100 for total nitrogen, and 1.184 for nitrate. There were no differences in the internal hydraulics with deep zone numbers. Deep zone numbers in the wetlands did not affect nitrogen treatment performance. No differences with deep zone numbers were found for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, or nitrogen removals or rate constants. In conjunction with other reported results, there appears to be no large treatment benefit or detriment of incorporating internal deep zones in free water surface wetlands.
Spatial quantization in GaAs–AlGaAs multiple quantum dots (1986)

We present results of the fabrication and investigation of totally spatially localized crystalline structures. Low temperature photoluminescence exhibits structure that is best explained by a bottleneck for hole energy loss. This bottleneck is believed to be a direct consequence of the modification of the band structure by the fabrication-imposed potential and is believed to be the first evidence for total spatial quantization in a fabricated heterojunction system.
Size-Based Characterization by the Coupling of Capillary Electrophoresis to Taylor Dispersion Analysis (2008)

In this work, a new methodology is presented for performing capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA). The CE step allows the separation of the different compounds of the injected mixture, while the diffusion coefficient related to each sample zone can be derived from the subsequent TDA step. TDA is an absolute and straightforward nonseparative method allowing the determination of the diffusion coefficient (or hydrodynamic radius) from the peak dispersion obtained in an open tube under Poiseuille laminar flow conditions. With a mass concentration sensitive detector, the hydrodynamic radius derived from TDA is a weight average value calculated upon all the molecules present in the sample zone. Since CE can be hardly coupled to light scattering detection for technical reasons (low volumes, short detection path length), TDA represents an interesting alternative for the size characterization, without calibration, of sample mixtures using CE-based separation techniques. The coupling of CE to TDA can be implemented on a commercial CE apparatus.
ChemInform Abstract: Spicachlorantins G—J, New Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from the Roots of Chloranthus spicatus. (2012)

Abstract Four new lindenane sesquiterpenoid dimers named spicachlorantins G—J (I)‐(III) are isolated from the roots of Chloranthus spicatus together with seven known compounds.