gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule imaging<i>in vivo</i>: the dancing building blocks of the cell (2013)

A cell can be viewed as a dynamic puzzle, where single pieces shuffle in space, change their conformation to fit different partners, and new pieces are generated while old ones are destroyed. Microscopy has become capable of directly observing the pieces of the puzzle, which are single molecules. Single-molecule microscopy in vivo provides new insights into the molecular processes underlying the physiology of a cell, allowing not only for visualizing how molecules distribute with nanometer resolution in the cellular environment, but also for characterizing their movement with high temporal precision. This approach reveals molecular behaviors normally invisible in ensemble measurements. Depending on the molecule, the process, and the cellular region studied, single molecules can be followed by conventional epifluorescence microscopy, or by illuminating only a thin region of the cell, as in Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) and Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM), and by limiting the amount of detectable molecules, as in Fluorescence Speckle Microscopy (FSM) and Photo-Activation (PA). High spatial resolution can be obtained by imaging only a fraction of the molecules at a time, as in Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy (PALM) and Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM), or by de-exciting molecules in the periphery of the detection region as in Stimulated Emission-Depletion (STED) microscopy. Single-molecule techniques in vivo are becoming widespread; however, it is important to choose the most suited technique for each biological question or sample. Here we review single-molecule microscopy techniques, describe their basic principles, advantages for in vivo application, and discuss the lessons that can be learned from live single-molecule imaging.
Learning Bayesian network classifiers from data with missing values (2004)

Learning accurate Bayesian network (BN) classifiers from complete databases is a very active research topic in data mining and machine learning. However, in practice, databases are rarely complete. This affects their real world data mining applications. This paper investigates the methods for learning four types well-known Bayesian network classifiers from incomplete databases. These four types BN classifiers are: Naive-Bayes, tree augmented Naive-Bayes, BN augmented Naive-Bayes, and general BN, where the latter two are learned using dependency analysis based algorithms that work only on the database completeness assumption. In order to enable this kind of algorithms to handle with missing data, this paper introduces a novel deterministic method to estimate the (conditional) mutual information from incomplete databases, which can be used to do CI tests, a fundamental step in the dependency analysis based algorithms. The experimental results show that our algorithm is efficient and reliable.
Spatio-temporal Depth Cuboid Similarity Feature for Activity Recognition Using Depth Camera (2013)

Local spatio-temporal interest points (STIPs) and the resulting features from RGB videos have been proven successful at activity recognition that can handle cluttered backgrounds and partial occlusions. In this paper, we propose its counterpart in depth video and show its efficacy on activity recognition. We present a filtering method to extract STIPs from depth videos (called DSTIP) that effectively suppress the noisy measurements. Further, we build a novel depth cuboid similarity feature (DCSF) to describe the local 3D depth cuboid around the DSTIPs with an adaptable supporting size. We test this feature on activity recognition application using the public MSRAction3D, MSRDailyActivity3D datasets and our own dataset. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art activity recognition algorithms on depth videos, and the framework is more widely applicable than existing approaches. We also give detailed comparisons with other features and analysis of choice of parameters as a guidance for applications.
Improved agroforestry systems for steeplands in the Caribbean. (2000)

Including 2 case studies on the evaluation of trees indigenous to the montane forest of the Blue Mountains of Jamaica for reforestation and agroforestry (McDonald; Healey), and sustainable management of the Himalayan ecosystem through a societal approach - a study of the socioeconomic issues influencing farmers' participation in agroforestry in Uttar Pradesh, India (Singhal, R. M.; Kumar, V.; Kumar, P.).
The Wolffe Collection of Sculpture by R. Tait McKenzie (1978)

(1978). The Wolffe Collection of Sculpture by R. Tait McKenzie. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 60-64.
Gadget creation for personal information integration on web portals (2008)

Although the ever growing Web contain information to virtually every user’s query, it does not guarantee effectively accessing to those information. In many situations, the users still have to do a lot of browsing in order to fuse the information needed. In this paper, we propose the idea of gadget creation such that extracted data can be immediately reused on personal portals by existing presentation components, like map, calendar, table and lists, etc. The underlying technique is an unsupervised web data extraction approach, FivaTech, which has been proposed to wrap data (usually in xml format). Despite the efforts to utilize supervised web data extraction in RSS feed burning like OpenKapow and Dapper, there’s no research on incorporating unsupervised extraction method for RSS feeds or gadget creation. The advanced application in gadget creation allow immediate use by users and can be embedded to any web sites, especially Web portals (personal desktop on Web). This paper describes our initiatives in working towards a personal information integration service where light-weight software can be created without programming.
A line-based, memory efficient and programmable architecture for 2D DWT using lifting scheme (2002)

In this paper, we present a memory efficient VLSI architecture for 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using lifting scheme. The advantages of lifting scheme are lower computational complexity, transforming signal without extension and reduced memory requirement. It decomposes the wavelet transform with finite taps into two coefficient sets named predictor and updater. Base on the lifting scheme, we explore its data dependency of input and output signals, and thus propose a programmable architecture for different filter banks with low memory usage. For the computation of N/spl times/N 2-D DWT with Daubechies 9-7 filter, our architecture requires 9N storage cells and the memory bandwidth requirement is almost one-half of JPEG2000's proposal. This architecture is suitable for VLSI implementation and various real-time image/video applications.
Patterns of Urges During Early Abstinence in Alcohol‐dependent Subjects (2005)

Urges for alcohol can lead to relapse, but some alcoholics report few urges. We hypothesized that ecological momentary assessment techniques would reveal multiple urge patterns in newly-abstinent alcoholics. Forty-eight alcohol-dependent subjects used PDAs to assess urges to drink in abstinence. Mean and standard deviation of urges were used in cluster analysis, and cluster characteristics were compared. Four clusters were defined, the largest cluster including 29 subjects with low mean urge and low variability. Clusters differed in negative affect and anger but not in abstinence rates. Four distinct urge patterns during abstinence were identified, and 60% of abstinent, alcohol-dependent subjects reported low, stable urge levels.
Single step reductive polymerization of functional 3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes via direct C–H arylation catalyzed by palladium acetate (2009)

In this Communication we report a single step reductive polymerization of ProDOT derivatives which is compatible with functional side chains and is amenable for scale-up.
Rapid and Sensitive SERS Detection of Bisphenol A Using Self-assembled Graphitic Substrates (2017)

We have prepared and tested a new surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on self-assembled graphitic sheets to detect bisphenol A (BPA) in plastic consumer goods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the structure of the graphitic sheets and showed a lattice spacing of 0.24 nm and layer height of 0.34 nm. These values were comparable to single monolayer graphene. The effective SERS detection limit of this method is 1 μM BPA, which is lower than the European Union specific migration limit for BPA of 0.6 mg/kg (2.6 μM). When used in salt solutions, graphitic sheets exhibited ultra-sensitivity toward BPA of 0.025 M to 2 M, which was broader than physiological ionic strength (0.14 M) and urinary NaCl (0.17 M). Our results demonstrated that this graphitic sheet based SERS detection platform can be used to determine BPA levels leached from commercial polycarbonate plastic products and for on-site rapid analysis with good results.
Protection against Marek's Disease by Vaccination with a Herpesvirus of Turkeys (1970)

SUMMARY Studies were conducted to determine whether a herpesvirus isolated from turkeys (HVT) would protect chickens against subsequent challenge with the virulent JM strain of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV). HVT administered intra-abdominally at doses as low as 600 plaque-forming units per one-day-old chick gave protection against Marek's disease (MD). The virus would protect when birds were challenged with MDHV by intra-abdominal inoculation at 3 weeks or by contact exposure as early as 2 weeks postvaccination. Chickens inoculated with HVT and observed for 17 to 20 weeks did not develop lesions. Birds produced antibody and infection persisted throughout this period, however, as indicated by reisolation of the virus. Furthermore, HVT did not spread to chickens in direct contact with vaccinated birds. Thus HVT gives substantial protection against the development of MD yet is nonpathogenic and noncontagious, all of which are important characteristics of vaccine viruses.
Design of magnetoelectric multiferroic heterostructures by topology optimization (2011)

Composite BaTiO 3 –CoFe 2 O 4 nanostructures deposited on a SrTiO 3 substrate are known to produce the magnetoelectric coupling effect. Although the coupling efficiency is significantly influenced by the composite layout, there appears no systematic simulation approach for configuring optimal layouts. In this study, a formulation to find optimal heterostructures using the topology optimization method is developed. For the formulation, the macroscopic extrinsic magnetoelectric coupling factor is maximized while numerical calculation is performed by finite element analysis. The proposed method yields an optimal piezoelectric and piezomagnetic material distribution. Numerical simulations are used to explain why the optimized distribution indeed maximizes the magnetoelectric coupling effect. As an application of the developed method, a magnetic read head sensor using the magnetoelectric effect is also designed.
Adapting UsiXML User Interfaces to Cultural Background (2010)

ABSTRACT Adapting a user interface to the end user's cultural back-ground today remains an open challenge since many under-lying issues are not yet solved. This paper addresses this challenge by reporting on a selected series of these issues, by structuring them according to Nielsen's linguistic model of interaction, and by discussing how each issue can be supported by incorporating its solution into a User Inter-face Description Language, such as User Interface eXten-sible Markup Language (UsiXML), at the level of a Con-crete User Interface (CUI). In particular, the problem of right-to-left (RTL) versus left-to-right languages (LTR) languages is discussed through a series of adaptations of algorithms and techniques that support the automated gen-eration of Arabain graphical user interfaces based on UsiXML. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [ Information Systems ]: Models and Principles – User/Machine Systems . H5.2 [ Information interfaces and presentation ]: User Interfaces–
Ward, John (c. 1679–1758) (2004)

Ward, John John Ward was born in London about 1679 and died there on 17 October 1758. His father was a dissenting lay minister (probably a Seventh-Day Baptist) and an eminent tallow-chandler of East Smithfield. After being educated at a private school in Abingdon, Ward took employment as a clerk at
AN ARCHITECTURE FOR EXTERNALLY CONTROLLABLE VIRTUAL NETWORKS AND ITS EVALUATION OF NYNET (2007)

ion with Cell-Level QOS Guarantees 24 Review of VP Control Algorithms 29 Realization of the Control System 30 Evaluation of the Control System 41 The High Performance Platform for Experimentation 45 The Platform 45 Building an Emulation Platform on the KSR-1 47 Porting the Emulation Platform from KSR-1 to SP-2 55 Prototyping the VPN Architecture 57 The Prototyping Approach 57 Design of the Emulation Platform 60 The Parallel Simulation Kernel 62 Emulation Objects 66 Emulation Support 69 Real-Time Visualization and Interaction 71 Discussion and Summary 83 Summary of Work Performed 83 Related Accomplishments 84 Future Work and Discussions 1 1 Introduction The goal of this work is to develop a communication architecture that allows for the creation of a virtual enterprise network for a geographically distributed large corporation. The enterprise network is made up of a private high-speed backbone and islands of private component networks connected using public broadband infrastructure (...
Study on binder system of CO2-cured phenol-formaldehyde resin used in foundry (2008)

新水的碱的 resol 酚甲醛树脂作为催化剂用 NaOH 从酚和甲醛被准备了；合成过程有的最佳是一些 cross-linking 代理人的 determined.With 增加在递给通过树脂煤气的二氧化碳结合的沙以后，高当气体力量和 24 h 力量是树脂的 achieved.The 结合桥牌结合的沙骨折被使用 SEM 分析了。
Pro-Melanin Concentrating Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Peptides Expression in Peripheral Tissues of the Rat (1995)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic peptide which is predominantly synthetized in the hypothalamus of fish and mammalian brains. In the present paper we examined the expression of MCH mRNA and pro-MCH-derived peptides, i.e. MCH and neuropeptide-(N)-glutamic acid (E) isoleucine (I) amide (NEI), in peripheral tissues of adult rodents. By means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of reverse-transcribed RNA, low levels of MCH gene transcripts were detected reliably in testis, stomach, and intestine of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats, whereas strong expression was found in hypothalamus. Subsequent sequence analysis of the PCR products verified the authenticity of MCH mRNA found in hypothalamus and stomach. The length of MCH RNA species was measured by Northern blot and multiple MCH RNA species were detected in both rat species. Shortest polyadenylated tails were found in MCH RNAs isolated from the peripheral organs by comparison with hypothalamus MCH RNAs of Wistar rats. In order to localize MCH expression in gastrointestinal and genital tracts of Wistar rats we performed in situ hybridization with specific 33P-labeled oligoprobes joined to immunocytochemical studies with rat MCH or NEI antisera. In testis, the MCH transcripts and pro-MCH-derived peptide immunoreactivities were found at the periphery of the seminiferous tubules, suggesting expression in Sertoli cells. Studies with MCH oligoprobes and antisera directed towards MCH, NEI and alpha A-inhibin revealed similar pattern of expression in isolated Sertoli cells from Swiss mice, indicating that MCH RNA species were actually synthesized and translated in these cells. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the cells expressing MCH RNA species and pro-MCH-derived peptides were predominantly expressed in the antral portion of the stomach and duodenum. Strikingly, distinct oligoprobes, recognizing antisense MCH transcript, revealed a pattern of hybridization in the GI tract similar to this observed with oligoprobes revealing the mature MCH mRNA. Furthermore, total RNA from the pyloric junction, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and hypothalamus as well appeared to contain RNA complementary to MCH mRNA suggesting therefore that antisense MCH RNA species may play a general role in regulation of MCH synthesis. Taken together, our present and previous data indicate that authentic MCH RNA species and translational products are expressed in various rodent tissues at the periphery. The cellular location suggests that MCH and associated peptides may play a role in spermatogenesis and in digestive processes.
Seasonal Influence on the Fertility of Sows and Gilts (1980)

Seasonal fluctuations in the farrowing rates (FR( of sows and gilts were determined by analysis of breeding records from 11 herds, covering a total of 26 herd-years of data. Of 22,997 sow and gilt matings, 72.7% resulted in farrowing. For matings during July, August, and September, 60.8% of females farrowed, compared with 76.9% for matings during the remainder of the year. The FR was higher in multiparous sows than in primiparous sows and was lowest in nulliparous gilts. The FR was 65.5% for gilts bred in confinement and for gilts maintained outside. The seasonal fluctuation in FR was similar for confinement and outside-housed gilts. Water sprinkling or evaporative cooling methods did not prevent seasonal fluctuations in the FR of sows or gilts. For sows confined to crates after breeding, the FR was 13.8% higher than for sows in group-housing systems, but the seasonal fluctuation in FR was not substantially altered. It was concluded that the FR of female swine is markedly influenced by season of the year and by parity. The seasonal fluctuations in FR occurred in group- and individually housed swine and in confinement and outside-bred gilts. Water sprinkling or evaporative cooling systems, as used in the herds investigated, appeared to be of questionable value in preventing infertility during the warm months.
Skin lipids (1991)

Synopsis Concepts regarding the structure and function of the stratum corneum (SC) have changed from that of a tough film of loosely adherent cells to that of a two-compartment system of protein-enriched cells embedded in intercellular lipids. The two-compartment arrangement enlarged the role of epidermal lipids from that of the plasticizing component of the SC to that of the epidermal barrier governing water-holding properties as well as take-up of water, the differences in permeability of topically applied lipophilic and hydrophilic agents as well as cohesion and desquamation of the SC. Barrier properties of SC are dependent largely on the intactness of the lipid lamellae that surround the corneocytes. The pliability of the SC depends on a correct balance of lipids, hygroscopic water-soluble substances and water. Mammalian differentiation involves characteristic changes in lipid composition consistent with the requirements for waterproofing. There is a progressive depletion of phospholipids and glycosphingolipids with enrichment in ceramides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and small amounts of other polar (e.g. cholesterol sulphate) and non-polar species (e.g. hydrocarbons, cholesterol esters, triglycerides). The sphingolipids account for the most lipid by weight and are presumed to be of major importance for the water-retaining properties of the epidermal barrier. Decrease of sphingolipid content occurs in aged skin. Deficiency of essential fatty acids leads to enhanced transdermal water transport in addition to dryness and scaliness of the skin. A mixture of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids produces the optimal barrier to water loss from the SC. The balance between solid crystal and liquid crystalline phases in epidermal lipids is determined by the degree of fatty acid unsaturation and the amount of water.
Efficient High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Hybrid Encoding (2019)

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are used to encode secret key information. Its practical implementation consists of optical elements that are within the reach of current technologies such as a multiport interferometer. We show that the proposed feasible protocol has improved the secret key rate with much sophistication compared to the previous 2-dimensional protocol known as the detector-device-independent QKD.
Airway cells from protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchiectasis share similar gene expression profiles (2018)

In summary, we have shown that the expression of genes related to macrophage function and resolution of inflammation are similar in PBB and bronchiectasis. Lung immune cell dysfunction in PBB and bronchiectasis may contribute to poor bacterial clearance and prolonged resolution of inflammation.
Multiplexed Holograms by Surface Plasmon Propagation and Polarized Scattering (2017)

Thanks to the superiority in controlling the optical wave fronts, plasmonic nanostructures have led to various striking applications, among which metasurface holograms have been well developed and endowed with strong multiplexing capability. Here, we report a new design of multiplexed plasmonic hologram, which allows for reconstruction of multiple holographic images in free space by scatterings of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves in different propagation directions. Besides, the scattered polarization states can be further modulated by arranging the orientations of nanoscatterers. By incorporation of the SPP propagation and polarized scattering, a 4-fold hologram with low crosstalk is successfully demonstrated, which breaks the limitation of only two orthogonal states in conventional polarization multiplexers. Moreover, our design using the near-field SPP as reference wave holds the advantage for compact integration. This holographic approach is expected to inspire new photonic designs with enhanced information capacity and integratability.
Web-based Medical Image Archiving and Communication System for Teleimaging (2011)

The design and implementation of Web-based Medical Image Archiving and Communication System for Teleimaging which was developed using software such as Borland C++ Builder 5.0, MyDAC, PHP, Apache and MySQL for image acquisition system, image viewer and web-based information system. The system provides the following facilities: (1) Image acquisition system can connect and display medical image signal from endoscope in real-time and it can save single frame in .bmp, .jpg, .jpg2, .avi and .dcm file format into database system. (2) Image viewer is developed for DICOM viewing and image processing based on local contrast enhancement, adaptive interpolation technique, colour transformation and cine loop. (3) Web-based information system developed under a cooperation effort between Rangsit University and Hospital. It presents a set of tools that allow physician to manipulate and annotate images. The results shown that the system enables physician to store, display, retrieve and transmit medical images throughout interfaces that are used to present data to the user via a choice of viewing tools.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Mindstreams Neuropsychological Screening Tool (2005)

This study explored the psychometric properties of the Mindstreams neuropsychological assessment. Twenty-one subjects completed baseline measures as well as three postdive assessments, each occurring after dives of 130, 150, and 190 feet of Seawater (Fow). Results demonstrated good coefficients of stability and equivalence. Little learning effect was demonstrated over three assessments. More work on clinical use of the measure for cognitive changes due to cerebral decompression illness needs to be completed. Mainstreams does appear to be an Option for neuropsychological screening when evaluation of cognitive functioning is necessary.