gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathology of radiation damage to the normal brain of the monkey. (1977)

Model I: A portion of the monkey brain, the right occipital lobe, was exposed to 3,500 rads of orthovoltage radiation in a single dose. This demonstrated a) the delayed, 4 to 5 months, massive break in blood-brain barrier with extravasation of plasmatic fluid throughout the right hemisphere causing gross brain distortion, and b) after a protracted course, a remaining impairment in function extending beyond the irradiation lesion. Model II: The whole brain was exposed to supervoltage radiation in single doses of 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 rads, respectively. This demonstrated a) the lack of effect from 1,000 rads; b) the wide scatter of necrotic lesions in the forebrain white matter from 1,500 rads at 6 months, followed by confluent necrosis in the cerebral hemispheres at 12 months; and c) the numerous focal lesions throughout the brain from 2,000 rads, with the lesions in the brain stem precluding survival beyond 6 months. Model III: The whole brain was exposed to fractionated doses of 4,000, 6,000 and 8,000 rads in 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively. This demonstrated a) the lack of effect from 4,000 rads; b) the wide scatter of small focal lesions at different stages of breakdown and repair accompanied by focal edema from 6,000 rads at 6 months, followed by more of the reparative processes including mineralization of focal lesions, and widespread telangiectasia, at 12 months; and c) with 8,000 rads, at 6 months, focal lesions similar to those from 6,000 rads, but at 12 months, gross brain loss from coalescing necrosis.
Evidence that the death receptor DR4 is a DNA damage‐inducible, p53‐regulated gene (2001)

DR4 (TRAIL-R1), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a cell surface receptor that triggers the apoptotic machinery upon binding to its ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Although three other TRAIL receptors DR5, DcR1, and DcR2 are induced by DNA damage and are regulated by the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor, it was not known whether these factors also affect DR4 expression. In this study, we found that DR4 expression is also enhanced by DNA damage whether induced by ionizing radiation or by chemotherapeutic agents. The induction was observed predominantly in cells containing wild-type p53 and was similar to the regulation patterns of DR5 and Fas, two other members of the family which are known to be regulated by p53. Transfection of HPV 16 E6 gene into cells with wild-type p53, which decreased the level of p53 protein, resulted in suppression of DR4 induction by DNA-damaging agents. Conversely, introduction of exogenous wild-type p53 through adenovirus infection has led to upregulation of endogenous DR4 in cells with mutant p53. Moreover, the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D abolished DNA-damaging agent-induced DR4 expression. Thus, DR4 appears to be a DNA damage-inducible, p53-regulated gene.
Mechanisms of protein-lipid interaction. Association of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II with binary phospholipid mixtures. (1980)

Studies of the recombination of apo A-I and apo A-II the major protein components of human high density lipoprotein, with binary mixtures of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and distearoyl phosphatidyl-choline (DSPC) were performed. Recombination was observed to occur only near the lower bound temperature of the phase transition for each mixture. Similar experiments using binary mixtures of DMPC and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) demonstrated that recombination occurs in a temperature range which is believed to approximate the lower bound of the phase transition for this mixture as well. The reactivity of both types of mixtures toward recombination with apolipoproteins was found to decrease with decreasing proportions of DMPC, even though the effect of DMPC was to decrease the transition temperature in DMPC/POPC mixtures and to increase the transition temperature in DMPC/DSPC mixtures. A mechanism for insertion of apolipoproteins into lipid bilayers is proposed in which the protein gains entry to the interior of the bilayer through a defect resulting from equilibrium fluctuations of state at the onset temperature of acyl chain melting.
Rehabilitation Techniques in Sports Medicine (1990)

The Healing Process and the Pathophysiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries. Rehabilitation Goals in Sports Medicine. Maintaining and Improving Flexibility. Muscular Strength and Endurance. Isokinetics in Rehabilitation. Plyometric Exercise in Rehabilitation. Closed-Kinetic Chain Exercise. Maintenance of Cardiorespiratory Endurance. Establishing Proprioception, Kinesthesia, Joint Position Sense and Neuromuscular Control in Rehabilitation. Mobilisation and Traction Techniques. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques. Functional Progressions in Rehabilitation. Aquatic Therapy in Rehabilitation. Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation. Pharmacological Considerations in a Rehabilitation Programme. Psychological Considerations of Rehabilitation. The Evaluation Process in Rehabilitation. Back Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of Shoulder Injuries. Rehabilitation of Elbow Injuries. Injuries to the Wrist and Hand. Rehabilitation of Hip and Thigh Injuries. Knee Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of Lower Leg Injuries. Rehabilitation of Ankle Injuries. Rehabilitation of Foot Injuries.
An access structure for generalized transitive closure queries (2002)

An access structure that accelerates the processing of generalized transitive closure queries is presented. For an acyclic graph, the access structure consists of source-destination pairs arranged in a topologically sorted order. For a cyclic graph, entries in the structure are approximately topologically sorted. The authors present a breadth-first algorithm for creating such a structure, show how it can be used to process queries, and describe incremental techniques for maintaining it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ELASTOMERS (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTELASTOMERSG. Alliger and F. C. WeissertCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1965, 57, 8, 61–69Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50668a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50668a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of Friedel—Crafts Polymerization.<sup>1</sup> II. Factors Affecting Inhibitor Power (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of Friedel—Crafts Polymerization.1 II. Factors Affecting Inhibitor PowerJ. George, H. Mark, and H. WechslerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 3896–3901Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01165a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic program instrumentation in generation of test data using genetic algorithm for multiple paths coverage (2012)

Software testing is an important step during software development. By doing automation of software testing we can increase the robustness of software and decrease the cost of development. The automation of test data generation is done using genetic algorithm. GA analyses the fitness based on the path coverage. This paper presents a novel method for test data generation with multiple paths coverage for instrumented programs. The dynamic instrumentation method is used for analyzing the source code which has been incorporated in java using AspectJ. This reduces the effort of man power required for debugging programs through inserting probes. The experimental results show that the Path Reuse Method (PRM) given in this paper reduces the execution time and no of generations. The PRM automates the test input generation for testing aspectual behavior of object-oriented programs.
The Aluminium/Air Fuel Cell - a Description and Its Present Development Status (1986)

The aluminium/air fuel cell could become a very important energy source when fully developed, as its waste products can be recycled to make fresh aluminium fuel. If hydro-electricity is used to smelt the aluminium, then an energy scenario based on this fuel cell becomes a virtually renewable energy scenario. New Zealand could therefore be a suitable country for aluminium/air fuel cell powered transport. A description of the aluminium/air fuel cell being developed as an automotive energy source at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, California, is given, together with a discussion on present and possible future problem areas. This paper is the first of two papers on the aluminium/air fuel cell, the second dealing with the operation of the fuel cell as an automotive energy source in New Zealand.
Protease-activated receptor-2 mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes in response to Propionibacterium acnes (2010)

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been known to produce various exogenous proteases, however, their role in acne pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Proteases elicit cellular responses, at least in part, via proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), which is known to mediate inflammation and immune response. In this study, we investigated whether proteases from P. acnes could activate PAR-2 on keratinocytes and induce pro-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via PAR-2 signaling. We examined PAR-2 expression and protease activity in acne lesions using immunofluorescence staining and in situ zymography. The effect of the culture supernatant of P. acnes on Ca(2+) signaling in immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) was measured using a fluorescence method. HaCaT cells were treated with P. acnes strain ATCC 6919 culture supernatant, with or without pretreatment with serine protease inhibitor or selective PAR-2 antagonist and the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, AMPs, and MMPs was detected using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that the protease activity and PAR-2 expression were increased in acne lesions. The P. acnes culture supernatant induced calcium signaling in keratinocytes via PAR-2 and stimulated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, -8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, human beta defensin (hBD)-2, LL-37, MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13 in keratinocytes, which was significantly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor as well as selective PAR-2 specific antagonist. These results indicate that PAR-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne by inducing inflammatory mediators in response to proteases secreted from P. acnes.
Communication the other Half of Office automation. (1985)

Although reduced cerebral perfusion is believed to be the cause of syncope due to cardiac arrhythmias, investigations on the cerebral microcirculation during cardiac arrhythmias have been rare. We therefore studied the effects of transient ventricular tachycardia on the local cerebral blood volume and blood flow. Experimental ventricular tachycardia was induced in cats by electrically stimulating the ventricle of the heart at a rate of 300/min for 1 min. Using our photoelectric method, the local cerebral blood volume, mean transit time of blood, and cerebral blood flow in the parieto-temporal region were measured during and for 3 h after ventricular tachycardia. Transient ventricular tachycardia of as short as 1 min caused cerebral ischemia with a blood flow reduction of approximately 30%. This was considered to be due to reduced blood pressure plus transient autonomic dysfunction, or dysautoregulation, during the ventricular tachycardia. Mild and transient reactive hyperemia occurred immediately after termination of the dysrhythmia, but continuous reductions of cerebral blood flow were observed thereafter for 3 h. This delayed hypoperfusion is attributable to either vasoconstriction of the large resistance vessels or changes in the hemorheological properties of the blood caused by cerebral ischemia. Ventricular tachycardia of the type reported has significant and long-lasting effects on the cerebral microcirculation.
Dual modes of death induced by etoposide in human epithelial tumor cells allow Bcl-2 to inhibit apoptosis without affecting clonogenic survival. (1996)

The Bcl-2 oncoprotein, which is expressed in a variety of human malignancies, blocks apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, including the topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide. To determine the significance of Bcl-2 in etoposide-induced death of human epithelial tumor cells, HeLa S3 cells were transfected with human bcl-2 cDNA in the pSFFV expression vector, and stable Bcl-2-expressing clones established. In agreement with previous studies, Bcl-2 inhibited loss of cell viability (by trypan blue exclusion), the appearance of morphologically apoptotic cells, and the amount of low molecular weight DNA extracted after etoposide exposure (25 microns, 4 h). The degree of inhibition, compared to wild-type and vector control-transfected clones, differed according to the level of Bcl-2 protein expressed in the two clones studied. However, when cell survival was assessed by colony-forming assays, no significant differences were detected at any of the etoposide concentrations used. Although Bcl-2 inhibited etoposide-induced apoptosis, it had no effect on the formation of giant, multinucleated cells characteristic of mitotic catastrophe. Consequently, the ability of Bcl-2 to prevent apoptosis caused by chemotherapeutic drugs may not necessarily translate into increased survival of cells that express Bcl-2.
An Improved Schlieren Apparatus Employing Multiple Slit-Gratings (1950)

In the schlieren apparatus described in the following, the conventional knife-edge elements are replaced by multiple slit-gratings. The main advantage gained by this design is the fact that larger-sized working fields can be achieved with an objective lens of given aperture. Also, in some cases, greater intensity of image illumination is obtained, and usually the over-all length of the system is reduced.
Reluctant Radicals: The Independents at the Westminster Assembly (1969)

Reluctant Radicals: The Independents at the Westminster Assembly Get access Samuel C. Pearson, Jr. Samuel C. Pearson, Jr. Assistant Professor of History Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 11, Issue 3, Autumn 1969, Pages 473–486, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/11.3.473 Published: 01 October 1969
A wide-band bandpass filter using the properties of microstrip open-loop resonator with spurious response suppression (2008)

A wide-band bandpass filter using the properties of microstrip open-loop resonator with spurious response suppression is proposed here. The resonator consists of four identical branches with attached to inner and outer corner of the square loop. The introduction of two tuning stubs widens the passband and sharpens the stopbands. The filter is designed 2.45 GHz and proposes 36% bandwidth with 0.38 dB insertion loss and return loss greater than 10 dB. It very useful for the wireless communications systems.
Surface morphology studies of multiblock and starblock copolymers of poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface morphology studies of multiblock and starblock copolymers of poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)Xin Chen, Joseph A. Gardella Jr., and Philip L. KumlerCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 15, 3778–3783Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00067a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00067a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feldkamp-type image reconstruction from equiangular data. (2001)

The cone-beam approach for image reconstruction attracts an increasing attention in various applications, especially medical imaging. Previously, the traditional practical cone-beam reconstruction method, the Feldkamp algorithm, was generalized into the case of spiral/helical scanning loci with equispatial cone-beam projection data. In this paper, we formulated the generalized Feldkamp algorithm in the case of equiangular cone-beam projection data, and performed numerical simulation to evaluate the image quality. Because medical multi-slice/cone-beam CT scanners typically use equiangular projection data, our new formula may be useful in this area as a framework for further refinement and a benchmark for comparison.
Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space (1983)

Abstract Standard predictive multiple suppression techniques in marine reflection seismology usually resort to one-dimensional assumptions about the underlying earth model. The methods presented here use a multiple model which assumes vertical incidence propagation in the water layer, yet relaxes common assumptions of zero offset and zero dip. In particular, different reflectivities and water depths are assumed at source and receiver locations.One of these methods, seafloor-consistent multiple suppression, models each seismic trace as a convolution of an average frequency response with anomalous shot, geophone, midpoint, and offset responses. In the log-frequency domain, this becomes a separable, additive model which can be solved by linear least-squares techniques. The anomalous amplitude responses are solved for each frequency in 'shot-receiver' space with frequency as the outer loop of the algorithm.Once the seismic data set has been resolved into average and anomalous amplitude responses, the multiple reverberation response is identified with the product of the anomalous shot and geophone responses. Since one can argue on physical grounds that the reverberation response for any particular trace must be minimum phase, it suffices to solve only for amplitude responses and ignore phase contributions.The methods are applied to a deep water marine seismic line from the Flemish Cap area of the Labrador Sea with extremely encouraging results.
Fragrances and Their Special Properties. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Fragrance Materials and Aromas Used as a Tool of Non-Verbal Communication. (2000)

一般的に, 匂いは嗅覚で感ずるすべてをさし, 香りは心地よい匂いをさす。香りのよし悪しは, その本来持ちあわせているもののほかに, その人の個人的な体験や文化的な脈絡に多く依存する。一方, 香料とは狭い意味で, 香料産業が取り扱うものをさすが, 広くは香りをもたらすものをいう。最終商品での香料使用の主目的は, 当然のことながら, 最終商品の香り付けで, その美的価値を高め, 商品の魅力を高め, 商品の心地よさを増進させる。これが香料の本来の特性である。その他の香料の特性は, 抗菌性, 抗酸化性, 誘引・忌避性, 消臭性, 心理的作用や生理的作用等であるが, 代表的な機能である抗菌性と抗酸化性を概説する。微生物の逆襲を受けたり, 日光の害, 酸素の害が明らかになってきた昨今, よりナチュラルということで香料や香料関連植物の抗菌性や抗酸化性が注目されている。その後で, 香りの特性として, 非言語コミュニケーション手段としての香りの役割について, 文化的な側面から考察する。ここで, 文化的側面をあえてとりあげるのは, 香料の機能面が重視される昨今, ややもすると, それは, 香るという本来の機能が二の次になりかねない傾向があるので, 香料の命は香りであることを再認識したいためである。
Current trends of stem cell-based approaches for knee osteoarthritis (2013)

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder resulting in cartilage destruction, subchondral sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and synovitis. Knee osteoarthritis presents a great clinical challenge to clinicians due to the limited inherent repair capacity of avascular, aneural articular cartilage. Articular cartilage defects are increasingly common among the elderly causing severe pain, joint stiffness, reduced motion, disability, and deformity among affected patients. Although cartilage defects are typical features of OA, current treatments can barely restore the full function of native cartilage. Recent studies have provided new perspectives for cartilage engineering using multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Growing knowledge on the biology of MSCs has provided new insights into their clinical applications, particularly for OA. MSCs isolated from a variety of adult tissues including the bone marrow, have the capacity to differentiate into different cell types such as bone and cartilage and have therefore attracted scientific interest as possible therapeutic tools and hold promise for cartilage regeneration. At present, regenerative medicine offers the exciting potential for treating osteoarthritis. In this review, we highlight recent researches that address critical challenges of stem cell based therapies for OA. Furthermore, we provide innovative studies that have been carried out in the potential treatments for knee osteoarthritis, including stem cells and tissue engineering. Conclusion The utility of stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis is increasing in clinical researches. Modes of delivery of stem cells to the articular cartilage differ from direct injection to implantation with composite scaffolds. Currently, there is limited evidence of direct clinical benefit and randomized, prospective studies for these innovations should be conducted to validate the safety and efficacy of cartilage regeneration.