gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Super-active shape-memory alloy composites (1996)

A new type of very-low-stiffness super-active composite material is presented. This laminate uses shape-memory alloy (SMA) filaments which are embedded within a low-hardness silicone matrix. The purpose is to develop an active composite in which the local strains within the SMA actuator material will be approximately 1%, while the laminate strains will be at least an order of magnitude larger. This type of laminate will be useful for biomimetic, biomedical, surgical and prosthetic applications in which the very high stiffness and actuation strength of conventional SMA filaments are too great for biological tissues. A modified form of moment and force-balance analysis is used to model the performance of the super-active shape-memory alloy composite (SASMAC). The analytical models are used to predict the performance of a SASMAC pull - pull actuator which uses 10 mil diameter Tinel alloy K actuators embedded in a 0.10" thick, 25 Durometer silicone matrix. The results of testing demonstrate that the laminate is capable of straining up to 10% with theory and experiment in good agreement. Fatigue testing was conducted on the actuator for 1 000 cycles. Because the local strains within the SMA were kept to less than 1%, the element showed no degradation in performance.
How do online consumers review negatively? (2020)

Negative reviews on e-commerce platforms, mainly in the form of texts, are posted by online consumers to express complaints about unsatisfactory experiences, providing a proxy of big data for sellers to consider improvements. However, the exact knowledge that lies beyond the negative reviewing still remains unknown. Aimed at a systemic understanding of how online consumers post negative reviews, using 1, 450, 000 negative reviews from JD.com, the largest B2C platform in China, the behavioral patterns from temporal, perceptional and emotional perspectives are comprehensively explored in the present study. Massive consumers behind these reviews across four sectors in the most recent 10 years are further split into five levels to reveal group discriminations at a fine resolution. Circadian rhythms of negative reviewing after making purchases were found, and the periodic intervals suggest stable habits in online consumption and that consumers tend to negatively review at the same hour of the purchase. Consumers from lower levels express more intensive negative feelings, especially on product pricing and seller attitudes, while those from upper levels demonstrate a stronger momentum of negative emotion. The value of negative reviews from higher-level consumers is thus unexpectedly highlighted because of less emotionalization and less biased narration, while the longer-lasting characteristic of these consumers' negative responses also stresses the need for more attention from sellers. Our results shed light on implementing distinguished proactive strategies in different buyer groups to help mitigate the negative impact due to negative reviews.
Vancomycin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (1991)

Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia has only been reported once previously in the medical literature. We describe a patient in whom sudden severe reversible thrombocytopenia developed on two separate occasions after exposure to vancomycin hydrochloride. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for bilateral swelling and erythema of his extremities. At the time of admission he received 2 days of vancomycin therapy without incident. On day 14 he was reexposed to vancomycin and thrombocytopenia developed, with a nadir value of 17 x 10(9)/L. On day 30, a single dose of vancomycin was administered, and thrombocytopenia once again developed, with a nadir value of 11 x 10(9)/L. Hematologic cytopenias are infrequent adverse effects of vancomycin therapy. It is postulated that these effects may be due to an immunologically mediated mechanism. With the increasing use of vancomycin due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, this case should alert clinicians to this rare but potentially lethal manifestation of vancomycin.
Determination of perturbation index of a DAE with maximum weighted matching algorithm (2002)

There are several definitions of the index of a differential algebraic equation (DAE). Based on these definitions, algorithms are derived to calculate and reduce the index. Pantelides (1988) has used the differential index to construct his well known algorithm. We propose to use the perturbation index. This naturally leads to finding the highest power of s of each element in (As+B)/sup /spl minus/1/. These highest powers determine the perturbation index of DAE Ax'+Bx=f(t). With fast graph-oriented algorithms this highest power can be found and, consequently, the perturbation index can be determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of the sensitivity and selectivity of the Coulson electrolytic conductivity detector to chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnhancement of the sensitivity and selectivity of the Coulson electrolytic conductivity detector to chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticidesJohn W. Dolan and Randall C. HallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 13, 2198–2204Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60335a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60335a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modified Dummy Sequence Insertion Method for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signal (2007)

One of the major drawbacks of the OFDM system is a large peak to average power ratio. This leads to performance degradation due to nonlinear distortion in the high power amplifier. In this paper, we propose a modified dummy sequence insertion (m-DSI) method whereby low complexity and high PAPR reduction can be realized in OFDM system. The m-DSI method designs the sequence that achieves low covariance value with other sequences. After IFFT operation, the m-DSI sequence with the lowest PAPR is selected for transmission. Also, in order to reduce the IFFT complexity, the N-point IFFT block is divided into two sub-IFFT blocks due to avoiding the repeated calculation of IFFT operation. Simulation results of the m-DSI method in comparison with the DSI method are presented. The results demonstrate that the m-DSI method yields superior PAPR performance and lower IFFT complexity than the DSI method with almost the same BER performance while utilizing the same number of dummy bits.
Sol-Gel Microsphere Pelletization Process for Fabrication of High-Density ThO<sub>2</sub>—2% UO<sub>2</sub>Fuel for Advanced Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (1986)

High-density ThO2-2% UO2 (233U) pellets are a strong candidate fuel for advanced pressurized heavy water reactors. A process flow sheet based on sol-gel microsphere pelletization has been developed for the first time for fabrication of high-density mixed-oxide pellets at relatively low compaction pressures (350 MPa) and low sintering temperatures (1773 K). The process avoids handling or generation of radioactive dusts and is suitable for remote fabrication of highly radiotoxic 233U-bearing oxide fuels.The external gelation of thorium process of the Jülich Nuclear Research Center has been used with three major modifications for preparation of ThO2− UO2 sol-gel microspheres, suitable for pelletization and sintering. First, a feed solution of lower molarity is used. Second, ∼1 wt% calcium nitrate is added in the heavy metal nitrate feed solution in order to have ∼0.4% CaO as a “sintering aid” in the subsequent mixed-oxide microspheres. Third, ∼30 g/ℓ carbon black are added in the sol prior to gelation. The pores formed in the sol-gel microspheres after burning off the carbon black particles reduce the crushing strength of the microspheres and facilitate pelletization. The sintered pellets thus prepared have high densities and uniformly distributed pores between 2 and 3 µm in size.
<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> : a review of an emerging pathogen of the Canadian canola ( <i>Brassica napus</i> ) crop (2011)

http://www.canolacouncil.org/clubroot/resources.aspx, http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_mathematik_und_naturwissenschaften/fachrichtung_biologie/botanik/pflanzenphysiologie/clubroot, http://www.ohio.edu/people/braselto/plasmos/
Establishment and characterization of two novel cytokine-responsive acute myeloid and monocytic leukemia cell lines, MUTZ-2 and MUTZ-3. (1996)

Human permanent leukemia cell lines represent powerful research tools in a multitude of investigations. The two new continuous leukemia cell lines MUTZ-2 and MUTZ-3 were derived from the peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FAB M2 and AML FAB M4. MUTZ-2 and MUTZ-3 cells have morphological and immunophenotypical features of myeloid and monocytic cells, respectively. While MUTZ-2 is negative, MUTZ-3 cells express the monocytic surface marker CD14, albeit weakly. The monocytic nature of MUTZ-3 cells is underlined by the expression of the monocyte-specific esterase (MSE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzymes; MUTZ-2 is negative for MSE and TRAP, but expresses MPO. For sustained cell growth, both cell lines require constitutively the addition of cytokines to the culture medium and retain an absolute dependence on conditioned medium or recombinant growth factors for proliferation and survival. Incubation with single recombinant cytokines from a broad spectrum of growth factors established that the strongest proliferation response of MUTZ-2 cells was elicited by FLT-3 ligand, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage CSF (M-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and stem cell factor (SCF), whereas granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), M-CSF, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and SCF were the most effective growth factors in inducing proliferation of MUTZ-3. Both cell lines were proliferatively responsive to several further cytokines, however, to a lesser extent. Exposure to phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or the physiological all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) had growth-inhibitory and differentiation-inducing effects on both cell lines. Using a clonogenic cell recovery assay, both cell lines were found to be sensitive to the chemotherapeutic drugs cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and daunorubicin (DNR), MUTZ-2 cells being more sensitive to both Ara-C and DNR treatment than MUTZ-3 cells. Chromosomal trisomies 8 and 10 were found in MUTZ-2 cells without any additional structural abnormalities. MUTZ-3 carries the rare, but recurrent AML-associated translocation (12;22)(p13;q11-q12) reflecting the karyotype of the original tumor. The main characteristics of these cell lines remained the same during about 1 year of continuous culture as well as after freezing and thawing. In summary, we established and characterized two new leukemia cell lines with myeloid or monocytic features which are growth factor-responsive, one of them carrying a unique chromosomal translocation. These cells will be of particular value for investigating the complex cytokine network and molecular events caused by chromosomal aberrations.
The Spectrum of Spitz Nevi (2005)

Among Spitz nevi, histopathologic distinction between PSN and RN is difficult, not reproducible, and may be clinically useless. A simple clinicopathologic classification of these neoplasms might therefore be structured as CDSN, PSRN, and ASN. Asymmetry should be assessed using both dermoscopic and histopathologic analysis, and reliability in histopathologic diagnosis may be enhanced by the simultaneous evaluation of the corresponding dermoscopic images.
Methods in High Precision Refractometry of Optical Glasses (1968)

Five refractive methods and an interferometric method for measuring refractive indices of optical glasses to a precision of several units in the sixth or seventh decimal place are examined. Tables and graphs are presented as aids in evaluating the various methods. Reduction to standard conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity is also discussed. The minimum deviation method provides greater precision than the autocollimating method for the same precision in angle measurement. The V block, immersion, and critical angle methods, being comparative methods, provide lower precision. A proposed interferometer method shows capability for seventh place accuracy.
Inflated Applicants: Attribution Errors in Performance Evaluation by Professionals (2013)

When explaining others' behaviors, achievements, and failures, it is common for people to attribute too much influence to disposition and too little influence to structural and situational factors. We examine whether this tendency leads even experienced professionals to make systematic mistakes in their selection decisions, favoring alumni from academic institutions with high grade distributions and employees from forgiving business environments. We find that candidates benefiting from favorable situations are more likely to be admitted and promoted than their equivalently skilled peers. The results suggest that decision-makers take high nominal performance as evidence of high ability and do not discount it by the ease with which it was achieved. These results clarify our understanding of the correspondence bias using evidence from both archival studies and experiments with experienced professionals. We discuss implications for both admissions and personnel selection practices.
Preventing and managing pediatric obesity. Recommendations for family physicians. (2006)

Family physicians have a role in promoting preventive measures and identifying and treating obesity-related comorbidity. Pediatric obesity is not an individual child's problem, but a problem that involves the whole family and the community. Recommending a healthy diet and increased physical activity and counseling families on behaviour change is the best approach to preventing and managing childhood obesity.
Ambient music experience in real and virtual worlds using audio similarity (2008)

Sound and, specifically, music is a medium that is used for a wide range of purposes in different situations in very different ways. Ways for music selection and consumption may range from completely passive, almost unnoticed perception of background sound environments to the very specific selection of a particular recording of a piece of music with a specific orchestra and conductor on a certain event. Different systems and interfaces exist for the broad range of needs in music consumption. Locating a particular recording is well supported by traditional search interfaces via metadata. Other interfaces support the creation of playlists via artist or album selection, up to more artistic installation of sound environments that users can navigate through. In this paper we will present a set of systems that support the creation of as well as the navigation in musical spaces, both in the real world as well as in virtual environments. We show some common principles and point out further directions for a more direct coupling of the various spaces and interaction methods.
Structure and Macromolecular Composition of the Egg and Embryo Jelly Coats of the Anuran <i>Lepidobatrachus laevis</i> (1991)

Eggs and cleavage-stage embryos of the frog Lepidobatrachus laevis are encased by 3 μm thick vitelline/fertilization envelope and two jelly layers, termed J<sub>1</sub> (innermost) and J<sub>2</sub> (outermost). Based on light and transmission electron microscopy, J<sub>1</sub> had a dense reticular appearance whereas J<sub>2</sub> had a laminar structure. Direct dissolution of the jelly coats was accomplished by reduction of disulfide bonds with 0.08 M 2-mercaptoethanol at pH 10. Soluble jelly preparations were uncontaminated with nucleic acid (A<sup>280</sup> /A<sup>260</sup> =1.44) and yielded an average of 150 μg protein/egg or embryo (n=5). The biochemical composition of the jelly coats in unfertilized eggs was different from that in embryos. When examined via gel permeation chromatography, soluble jelly from unfertilized eggs contained macromolecules which were markedly larger and more heterogeneous (earlier eluting and broader peaks) than jelly from embryos. Differences in the components of jelly from unfertilized eggs and embryos were also observed by electrophoresis, however, a 29,700 molecular weight glycoprotein chain was common to both jelly preparations. The electrophoretic pattern of jelly obtained from parthenogenetically activated eggs was identical to that of unfertilized eggs, therefore the fertilization-associated changes are not due to the exclusive action of cortical granule products.
Surgical treatment of spinal cord astrocytomas of childhood (1982)

✓ This report describes the first author's surgical experience with a series of 19 consecutive cases of spinal cord astrocytoma treated over the past 2 years, with a follow-up period of 6 to 24 months. The clinical presentation, neurodiagnostic investigation, surgical technique, and results are analyzed. The authors conclude that radical resection (gross total removal of the tumor) is the optimal therapeutic option.
The GHOST terminal oxidase regulates developmental programming in tomato fruit (2004)

ABSTRACT The tomato ghost and Arabidopsis immutans variegation mutants define orthologous genes for a chloroplast quinol oxidase that bears similarity to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase. In this study tomato fruit ripening was used as a model to explore the function of this oxidase. It was found that a lack of GH impacts the biogenesis of chloroplasts and chromoplasts, as well as pericarp tissue morphogenesis, during the ripening process. Most ripening‐related genes are expressed normally during gh fruit development, but late in the process there is a specific repression of mRNA accumulation from carotenoid biosynthetic genes, perhaps due to retrograde (plastid‐to‐nucleus) signalling pathways mediated by lycopene. Metabolic profiling revealed that wild‐type red‐ripe fruit accumulate multiple isomers of phytoene, phytofluene, and ζ ‐carotene, but that the composition of these isomers is different in ripe gh fruit. Profiling also revealed that there is an enhanced ratio of β ‐carotene to lycopene in the ripe gh fruit. This explains the orange colour of these fruit, and is consistent with the proposal that the β ‐cyclization step plays a pivotal role in regulating the partitioning of pathway intermediates. The total carotenoid content of the mutant fruit is significantly higher than normal due to an accumulation of phytoene. Phytoene accumulation, together with an up‐regulation of GH transcripts during ripening, supports the notion that GH plays a central role in carotenogenesis in chromoplasts. However, GH mRNAs are also expressed in tissues and organs other than fruit. This is consistent with the possibility that GH mediates quinol oxidation from a variety of pathways that converge on plastoquinol in plastid membranes.
Leonardite: a lignite byproduct (1960)

Leonardite, a soft coal-like substance associated with lignite, can be produced in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Report gives results of proximate and elemental analyses of leonardite as found in North Dakota and Texas and as produced in the laboratory.
15 cm multipole gas ion thruster (1976)

A 15-cm multipole thruster was operated on argon and xenon. The multipole approach used has been shown capable of low discharge losses and flat ion beam profiles with a minimum of redesign. This approach employs low magnetic field strengths and flat or cylindrical sheet-metal parts, hence is suited to rapid optimization and scaling. Only refractory metal cathodes were used in this investigation.
GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake (1995)

Sources such as atmospheric or buried explosions and shallow earthquakes producing strong vertical ground displacements are known to produce pressure waves that propagate at infrasonic speeds in the atmosphere. At ionospheric altitudes low frequency acoustic waves are coupled to ionospheric gravity waves and induce variations in the ionospheric electron density. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data recorded by the permanent GPS network operating in southern California, we computed ionospheric electron content time series for several days preceding and following the January 17, 1994, M w =6.7 Northridge earthquake. We observe an anomalous signal beginning several minutes after the earthquake with time delays that increase with distance from the epicenter. The signal frequency and phase velocity are consistent with results from numerical models of atmospheric‐ionospheric acoustic‐gravity waves excited by seismic sources as well as previous electromagnetic sounding results. We believe that these perturbations are caused by the ionospheric response to the strong ground displacement associated with the Northridge earthquake.
Prato Reaction of M<sub>3</sub>N@<i>I</i><sub><i>h</i></sub>-C<sub>80</sub> (M = Sc, Lu, Y, Gd) with Reversible Isomerization (2012)

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide (Prato reaction) with M(3)N@I(h)-C(80) (denoted as M(3)N@C(80); M = Sc, Lu, Y, Gd) was carried out to obtain fulleropyrrolidinebis(carboxylic acid) derivatives as scaffolds for the preparation of various functionalized M(3)N@C(80) materials. The formation of two monoadduct isomers (the [6,6]- and [5,6]-adducts) were detected by HPLC and identified by NMR and vis/NIR spectroscopies. In each Prato reaction with M(3)N@C(80), the initial addition gave a [6,6]-adduct of the I(h)-C(80) cage, and subsequently, a [5,6]-adduct was obtained by complete or partial thermal isomerization via a rearrangement reaction. The reaction rate of the latter thermal conversion of the adducts was dependent on the size of the metal cluster inside C(80), and interestingly, in the reactions of Y(3)N@C(80) and Gd(3)N@C(80), this conversion was found to be reversible for the first time. Detailed kinetic studies provided the enthalpy and entropy barriers for the reactions of the adducts of Lu(3)N@C(80), Y(3)N@C(80), and Gd(3)N@C(80). The utility of the obtained Prato adducts was confirmed by preparation of a highly water-soluble Gd(3)N@C(80) derivative.
New York University (1991)

The PROTEUS system which we have used for MUC-3 has three main components: a syntactic analyzer, a semantic analyzer, and a template generator.