gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsaponifiable fraction isolated from grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) seed oil attenuates oxidative and inflammatory responses in human primary monocytes (2018)

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed has well-known potential for production of oil as a byproduct of winemaking and is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Herein, we report that the unsaponifiable fraction (UF) isolated from grape seed oil (GSO) possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties towards human primary monocytes. The UF isolated from GSO was phytochemically characterized by GC-MS and HPLC. Freshly obtained human monocytes were used to analyse the effects of GSOUF (10-100 μg mL-1) on oxidative and inflammatory responses using FACS analysis, RT-qPCR, and ELISA procedures. GSOUF skewed the monocyte plasticity towards the anti-inflammatory non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes and reduced the inflammatory competence of LPS-treated human primary monocytes diminishing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and secretion. In addition, GSOUF showed a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity, reducing significantly nitrite levels with a significant decrease in Nos2 gene expression. Our results suggest that the UF isolated from GSO has significant potential for the management of inflammatory and oxidative conditions and offer novel benefits derived from the consumption of GSO in the prevention of inflammation-related diseases.
Synthesis of 1,2-phenylenediamine capturing molecule for the detection of diacetyl (2017)

Here we describe the design of 1,2-phenylenediamine capturing molecule and the synthesis steps necessary for its preparation. The designed 1,2-phenylenediamine derivative is able to capture diacetyl in solution, as shown by ESIMS, forming a chemical adduct, 1-4-quinoxaline. The methyl esters of diacetyl-adduct (DAA) and pentanedione-adduct (PDA) are incorporated to the lysines in BSA and the conjugate used for antibody screening and selection. In the research article is described an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed to detect and quantify diacetyl in complex media.
<title>Photoelectronic-Digital Radiology (PE-DI-R) At The University Of Arizona</title> (1982)

System designs for PE-DI-R are being evaluated relative to the optimum configuration to meet the needs of diagnostic radiology at the University of Arizona. It is clear that the system can be examined in terms of sub-systems broadly delineated as image acquisition, processing, display and archival storage. Its architecture is influenced by the diverse imaging requirements of different radiological exams; the extent of processing desired in terms of complexity and speed; the degree of sophistication for displays serving a reading room as compared to clinics, conference rooms and offices; and the instrumentation available for archival storage. Issues have risen pertaining to system architecture, particularly in questioning the advantages of systems stressing a strong computer center versus a distribution of "stand alone" systems utilizing microprocessors. These appear to be resolvable at least in part on the basis of hospital size. The hospital carrying out in excess of 200,000 procedures per year has different requirements than those of a hospital performing only 10,000 exams/year, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center is a 300 bed hospital which performs 67,000 radiological procedures per year. Its size and activity suggest a mix of computer and microprocessors will be needed to carry out its multiplicity of tasks, We anticipate completing the design and essentially install most components of the system over the next four years. Features of the system that have evolved to date and deemed most pertinent to the interests of the participants will be discussed at the symposium.
Single-Crystal Mesoporous ZnO Thin Films Composed of Nanowalls (2009)

This paper presents a controlled, large scale fabrication of mesoporous ZnO thin films. The entire ZnO mesoporous film is one piece of a single crystal, while high porosity made of nanowalls is present. The growth mechanism was proposed in comparison with the growth of ZnO nanowires. The ZnO mesoporous film was successfully applied as a gas sensor. The fabrication and growth analysis of the mesoporous ZnO thin film give general guidance for the controlled growth of nanostructures. It also provides a unique structure with a superhigh surface-to-volume ratio for surface-related applications.
6-Substituted and 2-chloro-6-substituted 10-piperazino-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins as potential antidepressants; Synthesis and pharmacology (1986)

6-Substituted and 2-chloro-6-substituted 10-chloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepins XIIIa - f were reacted with 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazine and the carbamates IIIa - f obtained were hydrolyzed to the title compounds Ia -f . The new chlorides XIIIa - c were obtained from 2-(2-aryl-thiophenyl)acetic acids VIIIa - c via ketones XIa - c and alcohols XIIa - c . Reactions of the chlorides XIIIa and XIIIc with 1-methylpiperazine afforded compounds IIa and IIc . All compounds I are devoid of antireserpine and cataleptic activity; they are neither typical antidepressants nor neuroleptics.
Shellfish Chemical Poisoning (2000)

Molluscan shellfish have long been a gastronomic treat for humans, a delight that has tragically for some, ended in poisoning and even death. The cause of these poisoning’s can be twofold. First, poor food hygiene may lead to bacterial spoilage of the shellfish, resulting in human illness such as botulism (1), a type of poisoning not unique to shellfish. The second cause, which rarely occurs in other food sources and is the subject of this chapter, results from the shellfish sequestering toxic compounds. Many shellfish gain sus­ tenance by sieving the water column and feeding upon the minute organisms therein. At times the organisms comprising the shellfish’s diet are toxic, so as well as nutrients, shell­ fish consume compounds that are seemingly harmless to them (2,3) but are toxic to those organisms further up the food chain. These toxic microorganisms are present in the envi­ ronment as a matter of course, but are usually in numbers too low to present a problem. Their populations do on occasion bloom, intoxicating exposed shellfish to levels harmful to the consumer. These toxins can remain within the tissues of the shellfish for days, weeks, or months after exposure of the shellfish to the toxic microalgae.
PSXIII-13 Comparison of telomere length in age-matched primiparous and multiparous Brahman cows (2019)

Abstract Telomeres are comprised of G-rich nucleotide sequences (5’-TTAGGG-3’) at the chromosome termini that are responsible for protecting chromosomes; however, attrition of these sequences has been observed in conditions of physiological and psychological stress. The purpose of this study was to compare telomere length (TL) in 4-yr-old Brahman cows grouped by first parity (n = 8) and second parity (n = 11). Cows were bled by jugular venipuncture, weighed, and had BCS recorded d+28 prior to calving and d-7 and d-28 post calving. Cows were observed for duration of labor (Tlabor) and calving ease (CE) at the time of parturition. Calf birth weight (CBW) and gender (CG) were recorded. Peripheral leukocytes were isolated, complete blood counts (CBC) were recorded, and genomic DNA was extracted utilizing silicone membrane spin column kits. The relative quantity of telomere products, which is proportional to the average TL, was determined by multiplex quantitative PCR analysis using the ratio of bovine telomere and β-globulin DNA. An absolute standard of bovine telomere (1012–107 dilution series) and β-globulin (109-104 dilution series) genes was utilized to produce relative copy number. All samples were run in triplicate and samples were included if triplicate Cq difference was less than 0.25 cycles. Parity was the fixed effect of interest and random effects included sire and day repeated with cow as the subject. No differences in CBC were seen. Tlabor, CE, CG, and CBW did not impact TL (P &gt; 0.1). A trend was observed for day-parity interaction (P = 0.0918). TL between parity differed most on d-28 (P = 0.1046; parity one 127292 ± 6483; parity two 111045 ± 5376). The stress of parturition and raising the first calf of a cow’s life may be responsible for slight attenuation in TL.
Petroleum source rocks of the Junggar, Tarim, and Turpan basins, northwest China (1990)

There is evidence that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can negatively impact attention, memory, learning, executive function, and overall intellectual function in adults and children. Imaging techniques, including MRI, MR diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, and fMRI, have provided additional insight into the anatomic and functional underpinnings of OSA-related cognitive impairment. Both animal and human studies have looked to elucidate the separate effects of oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation on independent aspects of cognition. Data from animal models point to neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress as driving factors of cognitive impairment.
In case you missed it: the <i>Prenatal Diagnosis</i> editors bring you the most significant advances of 2015 (2016)

status: Published
Challenges in recording and stimulation of living neural network based on original micro-electrode array (MEA) developments (2013)

Recent research in micro-manufacturing together with new technologies in bioelectronics can lead to neuroscience applications to explore the properties of neural networks. Micro Electrode Arrays correspond to a well suited tool to either stimulate or record large populations of cultured cells and tissues. Based on existing state-of-the-art MEAs, the paper describes original developments to improve either recording or stimulation of neural networks, focusing on action potential discrimination.
Pre‐activating wounding response in tobacco prior to high‐level ozone exposure prevents necrotic injury (1997)

In tobacco, both wounding and treatment with jasmonates prior to exposure of the tissue to high concentrations of ozone (250 to 500 p.p.b.) produce a dramatic decrease in ozone injury. A systemic pattern of increased ozone tolerance developed within 3-6 h after wounding and also after local application of jasmonates. Ozone treatment of transgenic (NahG) tobacco plants showed that the inability of these plants to accumulate salicylic acid is also accompanied by increased ozone tolerance. Expression of mRNA encoding the anti-oxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase is upregulated by ozone challenge, wounding and by methyl jasmonate exposure within 3-4 h, while levels of carbonic anhydrase mRNA are simultaneously depressed following ozone exposure and methyl jasmonate treatment. The pattern of these results shows that the response to ozone challenge in tobacco involves signalling mechanisms similar to those induced in plants by other environmental stresses that generate reactive oxygen species.
Identification of transcription activators that regulate gonococcal adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic or oxygen‐limited growth (2000)

Analysis of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA sequence database revealed the presence of two genes, one encoding a protein predicted to be 37. 5% identical (50% similar) in amino acid sequence to the Escherichia coli FNR protein and the other encoding a protein 41% and 42% identical (54 and 51% sequence similarity) to the E. coli NarL and NarP proteins respectively. Both genes have been cloned into E. coli and insertionally inactivated in vitro. The mutated genes have been transformed into gonococci and recombined into the chromosome. The fnr mutation totally abolished and the narP mutation severely diminished the ability of gonococci to: (i) grow anaerobically; (ii) adapt to oxygen-limited growth; (iii) initiate transcription from the aniA promoter (which directs the expression of a copper-containing nitrite reductase, AniA, in response to the presence of nitrite); and (iv) reduce nitrite during growth in oxygen-limited media. The product of nitrite reduction was identified to be nitrous oxide. Immediately upstream of the narL/narP gene is an open reading frame that, if translated, would encode a homologue of the E. coli nitrate- and nitrite-sensing proteins NarX and NarQ. As transcription from the aniA promoter was not activated during oxygen-limited growth in the presence of nitrate, the gonococcal two-component regulatory system is designated NarQ-NarP rather than NarX-NarL. As far as we are aware, this is the first well-documented example of a two-component regulatory system working in partnership with a transcription activator in pathogenic neisseria. A 45 kDa c-type cytochrome that was synthesized during oxygen-limited, but not during oxygen sufficient, growth was identified as a homologue of cytochrome c peroxidases (CCP) of other bacteria. The gene for this cytochrome, designated ccp, was located, and its regulatory region was cloned into the promoter probe vector pLES94. Transcription from the ccp promoter was repressed during aerobic growth and induced during oxygen-limited growth and was totally FNR dependent, suggesting that the gonococcal FNR protein is a transcription activator of at least two genes. However, unlike AniA, synthesis of the CCP homologue was insensitive to the presence of nitrite during oxygen-limited growth.
STRIPPING OF BENZENE AND TOLUENE IN BUBBLE AERATION TANK (1987)

Batch bubble-aeration experiments were performed in a tank of aqueous solutions of benzene, solutions of toluene, and solutions of benzene and toluene mixed together. The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients for benzene were found roughly to be the same as those for toluene. Also, they were not different from those obtained from solutions with the respective single solutes. Henry's law constant for benzene (or toluene) was also found not to be affected by the presence of toluene (or benzene). A considerable hysteresis was observed between the adsorption of the liquid-phase benzene and toluene on the tank's plastic walls and its desorption process. @KEYWORDS Bubble aeration, Stripping, Benzene, Toluene, Adsorption, Desorption
Mechanical and electromyographic stretch responses in spastic and healthy subjects. (1995)

The reflex mediated mechanical response was studied in the ankle flexors and ankle extensors of healthy and spastic subjects at maintained contractions from low to high concentration levels. This was done by a technique where muscle stretches could be applied during contractions with stretch reflex responses present or during contractions where the stretch reflex was absent. Stretch responses without stretch reflexes were obtained during contractions elicited by electrical stimulation. The validity of this method is discussed in details and it is concluded that the stretch responses during electrical stimulation can give a correct estimate of the non-reflex muscle response. The method is difficult to carry out in many human subjects and a number of precautions have to be taken. In healthy subjects a large reflex mediated mechanical response was found in the ankle flexors and ankle extensors, with the largest response at low and intermediate contraction levels. Surprisingly the reflex mediated mechanical response was found to be of equal size in the ankle extensors of spastic patients and control subjects at all contraction levels. In the ankle flexors no reflex mediated mechanical response was present in the patients contrary to the findings in the control subjects. A method was developed to predict the reflex mediated mechanical response from the reflex mediated EMG response. The method was successfully applied in the ankle flexors. In the ankle extensors the measured reflex mediated mechanical response was a factor of 2.5 lower than the EMG predicted mechanical reflex response. It was concluded that the method cannot be applied in situations where a large synchronized EMG response occurs--as it does in the ankle extensors. An increased EMG response was found in the ankle extensors in spastic patients, but this was not followed by an increased mechanical reflex response. This emphasizes that conclusions drawn from EMG results should be done with caution. Stretch reflexes are increased in spastic patients during clinical examination. This is in contrast to the findings under our experimental conditions, where the reflex mediated response during maintained contraction was decreased in the ankle flexors and unchanged in the ankle extensors of spastic patients. Others have found that the H-reflex is modulated in healthy subjects in relation to different motor tasks. It was proposed that healthy subjects set the reflex in a facilitated state in relation to ongoing contraction under our experimental conditions and perhaps in a more inhibited state in the clinical test situation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of the Herbert Screw (1990)

The Herbert screw has been demonstrated to have widespread clinical applicability. A biomechanical and histological evaluation of the Herbert screw was conducted to better define its applications. When subjected to pull-out, toggle, and compression testing, in a cancellous bone calf model, it was demonstrated to be biomechanically inferior to the 4.0 mm ASIF cancellous screw. The use of two Herbert screws minimized but did not eliminate this difference. Articular cartilage healing in a rabbit model was consistently demonstrated if the Herbert screw was buried deep to the osteochondral junction. However, toluidine blue histochemical staining showed that the hyaline-like repair cartilage differed qualitatively from normal cartilage. Utilization of the Herbert screw should include an understanding of the limitations of its fixation potential and a recognition of the repair response after intraarticular applications.
ANTITHYROID ACTIVITY OF THIOHYDANTOINS (1958)

The antithyroid activity of 2-thiohydantoin and some derivatives has been measured in rats, after a single dose and, also, after daily administration for 6 weeks. 2-Thiohydantoin and its 5-alkyl derivatives from 5-methyl to 5-sec-butyl- showed considerable antithyroid activity at a dose of 0.05 m.mole/kg. by mouth, but 5-n-hexyl-2-thiohydantoin had insignificant activity at this dose level. The presence of polar groups in the 5-substituent was associated with reduction or complete loss of activity. By the single-dose technique, 2-thiohydantoin was more potent than its 5-alkyl derivatives. The opposite result was obtained by other methods of assessment after 42 days of treatment. Some of the possible factors involved are discussed especially in relation to the difficulty of comparing results obtained by the different methods of assessment. The acute toxicity of 2-thiohydantoin and of its 5-methyl and 5-ethyl derivatives is reported. No toxic effects were found after daily administration of several 2-thiohydantoins at a dose of 50 mg./kg. for 6 weeks.
A 35Cl nuclear relaxation study of the exchange of chloride ion on tetrachlorogallate(III) ion (1972)

S. F. Lincoln, A. Sandercock and D. R. Stranks, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 1069 DOI: 10.1039/C39720001069
The Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Denervated Muscle Using Implantable Electrodes (1988)

This experimental study investigated the effects of continuous electrical stimulation on denervated muscle. The canine peroneal nerve was severed and repaired microsurgically, and the denervated extensor muscle group of the leg was stimulated continuously with an implantable electrode and pulse generator. EMG study, muscle force measurement, muscle weight measurement, histology, and histochemistry were performed to study the effect at eight weeks after the operation. Continuous electrical stimulation (pulse frequency 130 pps, burst rate approximately 1 train/min) was effective in decreasing muscle atrophy and in improving muscle force. These findings may have broader clinical applications.
Formation and resuscitation of ‘non-culturable’ cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in prolonged stationary phase (2002)

After growth of Rhodococcus rhodochrous in Sauton's medium, and further incubation for about 60 h in stationary phase, there was a transient (up to 5 log) decrease in the c.f.u. count, whereas the total count remained similar to its initial value. At the point of minimal viability, the most probable number (MPN) count was 10 times greater than the c.f.u. count. This difference was further magnified by 3-4 logs (giving values close to the total count) by incorporating supernatant taken from growing cultures. A small protein similar to Rpf (resuscitation-promoting factor of Micrococcus luteus) appeared to be responsible for some of the activity in the culture supernatant. The formation of "non-culturable" cells of the "Academia" strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was similarly observed following growth in Sauton's medium containing Tween 80 in sealed culture vessels, and further incubation for an extended stationary phase. This resulted in the formation, 4-5 months post-inoculation, of a homogeneous population of ostensibly "non-culturable" cells (zero c.f.u.). Remarkably, the MPN count for these cultures was 10(5) organisms ml(-1), and this value was further increased by one log using supernatant from an actively growing culture. Populations of "non-culturable" cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were also obtained by the filtration of "clumpy" cultures, which were grown in the absence of Tween 80. These small cells could only be grown in liquid medium (MPN) and their viability was enhanced by the addition of culture supernatant or Rpf. The "non-culturable" cells that accumulated during prolonged stationary phase in both the R. rhodochrous and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures were small ovoid and coccoid forms with an intact permeability barrier, but with undetectable respiratory activity. The authors consider these non-culturable bacteria to be dormant. The observed activity of culture supernatants and Rpf with "non-culturable" bacterial suspensions invites the speculation that one, or more, of the cognate Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rpf-like molecule(s) could be involved in mechanisms of latency and reactivation of tuberculosis in vivo.
Prenatal identification of a girl with a t(X;4)(p21;q35) translocation: molecular characterisation, paternal origin, and association with muscular dystrophy. (1990)

There are 23 females known with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD or BMD) who have X;autosome translocations that disrupt the X chromosome within band p21. A female with a t(X;4)(p21;q35) translocation was identified prenatally at routine amniocentesis. At birth, she was found to have a raised CK level, consistent with a diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Her cells were fused with mouse RAG cells and the translocated chromosomes were separated from one another and from the normal X chromosome by segregation in the resulting somatic cell hybrids. Southern blot analysis of the hybrids indicated that the translocation occurred on the X chromosome between genomic probes GMGX11 and J-66, both of which lie within the DMD gene. Further localisation with a subfragment of the DMD cDNA clone placed the translocation breakpoint in an intron towards the middle of the gene, confirming that the de novo translocation disrupted the DMD gene. RFLP analysis of the patient, her parents, and the hybrid cell lines showed that the translocation originated in the paternal genome. This brings to six out of six the number of DMD gene translocations of paternal origin, a fact that may be an important clue in future studies of the mechanism by which X;autosome translocations arise.