gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein-mediated assembly of nanocrystal floating gate in a vertical flash cell (2007)

This article proposes and demonstrates a technique of protein-mediated assembly of nanocrystal floating gate in a vertical flash memory cell. The gate-all-around (GAA) vertical design can enable the theoretical minimum cell size of 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where F is the minimum lithographic pitch, along with a lithography-independent channel length (Pein et al., 1993), thus helping circumvent the scaling density limitations of planar flash technology (Atwood, 2004). The protein-mediated assembly of preformed nanocrystals enables good ordering and control over nanocrystal size and density, reducing threshold variation across cells for improved manufacturability (Silva, 2003). Physical characterization of the ordered nanocrystal floating gate and electrical characterization of the fabricated memory transistor is presented in this paper.
A simple asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines from 3-acylpropionic acids (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA simple asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines from 3-acylpropionic acidsA. I. Meyers and Laurence E. BurgessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 7, 2294–2296Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00007a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views641Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abstract 232: Early Withdrawal of Post-Arrest Care After Therapeutic Hypothermia in Victims of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2010)

Objective: Current guidelines state that neurologic prognosis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cannot be reliably assessed within 72 hours of the completion of therapeutic hypothermia (T...
Wideband Double Dipole Quasi-Yagi Antenna Using a Microstrip-to-Slotline Transition Feed (2013)

This paper describes a wideband double dipole quasi-Yagi antenna fed by a microstrip-to-slotline transition. The transition feed consists of a microstrip radial stub and a slot radial stub, each with the same angle of <TEX>$90^{\circ}$</TEX> but with different radii, to achieve wideband impedance matching. Double dipoles with different lengths are utilized as primary radiation elements to enhance bandwidth and achieve stable radiation patterns. The proposed antenna has a measured bandwidth of 3.34~8.72 GHz for a -10 dB reflection coefficient and a flat gain of <TEX>$6.9{\pm}0.6$</TEX> dBi across the bandwidth.
Ray tracing and volume rendering large molecular data on multi-core and many-core architectures (2013)

Visualizing large molecular data requires efficient means of rendering millions of data elements that combine glyphs, geometry and volumetric techniques. The geometric and volumetric loads challenge traditional rasterization-based vis methods. Ray casting presents a scalable and memory- efficient alternative, but modern techniques typically rely on GPU-based acceleration to achieve interactive rendering rates. In this paper, we present bnsView, a molecular visualization ray tracing framework that delivers fast volume rendering and ball-and-stick ray casting on both multi-core CPUs and many-core Intel® Xeon Phi™ co-processors, implemented in a SPMD language that generates efficient SIMD vector code for multiple platforms without source modification. We show that our approach running on co- processors is competitive with similar techniques running on GPU accelerators, and we demonstrate large-scale parallel remote visualization from TACC's Stampede supercomputer to large-format display walls using this system.
Implementation and performance of an adaptive QAM modulation-level-controlled system for land mobile communications (2002)

An adaptive modulation system for land mobile communications that can select one of the quadrature amplitude modulation levels as a suitable modulation for the propagation conditions is described. The main characteristics of the system are a mode in which information cannot be transmitted under adverse propagation conditions and a buffer memory for maintaining the data transmission rate. We confirmed the basic performance of the adaptive modulation system using the equipment we developed and we found the measured performance was consistent with computer simulation results. We also found that the adaptive modulation system provided a noticeable improvement in the spectral efficiency and transmission quality.
The Synergistic Effect of Everolimus and Chloroquine on Endothelial Cell Number Reduction Is Paralleled by Increased Apoptosis and Reduced Autophagy Occurrence (2013)

Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs), a minor subpopulation of the mononuclear cell fraction in peripheral blood, play a critical role in cancer development as they contribute to angiogenesis-mediated pathological neovascularization. In response to tumor cytokines, including VEGF, EPCs mobilize from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation and move to the tumor bed where they incorporate into sprouting neovessels. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of everolimus (Afinitor, Novartis), a rapamycin analogue, alone or in combination with chloroquine, a 4-alkylamino substituted quinoline family member, one of the autophagy inhibitors, on EPCs biological functions. We found that either everolimus or chloroquine induce growth inhibition on EPCs in a dose-dependent manner after 72 h from the beginning of incubation. The combined administration of the two drugs to EPC was synergistic in inducing growth inhibition; in details, the maximal pharmacological synergism between everolimus and chloroquine in inducing growth inhibition on EPCs cells was recorded when chloroquine was administered 24 h before everolimus. Moreover, we have studied the mechanisms of cell death induced by the two agents alone or in combination on EPCs and we have found that the synergistic effect of combination on EPC growth inhibition was paralleled by increased apoptosis induction and reduced autophagy. These effects occurred together with biochemical features that are typical of reduced autophagic death such as increased co-immunoprecipitation between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2. Chloroquine antagonized the inhibition of the activity of Akt→4EBP1 axis mediated by everolimus and at the same time it blocked the feed-back activation of Erk-1/2 induced by RAD in EPCs. These data suggest a new strategy in order to block angiogenesis in tumours in which this process plays a key role in both the sustainment and spreading of cancer cells.
STUDIES ON THE ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIONS OF A COLLAGEN PEPTIDE IN A DEFINED MODEL OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS (1987)

The synthesis and biologic actions of a collagen peptide Lys-Pro-Gly-Glu-Pro-Gly-Pro-Lys (CP) were first reported by Fauvel, et. al. in 1979. This peptide was found to inhibit collagen induced aggregation of platelets and to modulate clot formation and specific collagen induced fibrinogen binding by platelets. CP exhibited antithrombotic actions in a modified venous stasis thrombosis model (rabbit) against defined thrombogenic challenges, (ED50;(IV) 0.5 − 2.5 mg/kg; (SC) 2.5 − 7.5 mg/kg). The antithrombotic actions of this peptide exhibited a short half-life (10 minutes) after IV administration. Preincubation of this peptide with trypsin, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B and pancreatic protease complex resulted in a loss of the antithrombotic action. Specific protease inhibitors were found to protect the peptide from this degradation effect. CP did not exert any effect on the routinely performed global coagulant and antiprotease tests at concentrations which produce antithrombotic actions (0.5 − 5 mg/kg). CP was found to synergize the antithrombotic action of heparin in both intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Preliminary studies on the mechanism of the antithrombotic actions of collagen peptide suggest these actions may be independent of effects on platelets. These studies also suggest that an oligopeptide containing arginine and lysine residues, mimicing serine protease susceptible sites, is capable of producing antithrombotic effects in an animal model of venous thrombosis.
On Flow Development in Jet-Driven Vortex Chambers (2005)

This work presents the study of the flow in a jet-driven vortex chamber over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, contraction ratios, inlet angles, area and aspect ratios. Dimensional analysis furnishes the general functional relationships between the fundamental dimensionless quantities. Application of the integral equations of continuity and energy over the control volume, along with the minimum-pressure-drop or maximum flow rate postulate, provide the required analytical means to relate the predominant non-dimensional parameters such as the chamber geometry, the core size, pressure drop, Reynolds number, and viscous losses. Both the n = 2 vortex model, with reverse and non-reverse flow, and the free vortex model have been used at the vortex chamber exit plane. The theoretical results are found to successfully capture most of the salient properties of the flow. The influence of vortex chamber geometry, such as contraction ratio, inlet angle, area ratio, aspect ratio, and Reynolds number, on the flow field has been analyzed and compared with the present experimental data. A parametric study explores how the pressure coefficient and the core size vary with the different dimensionless properties. The observations show the pressure drop to decrease with the length. At first this appears to be counterintuitive since one habitually expects the pressure drop to be larger for longer pipes. A closer examination however, reveals that in addition to the radial-axial plane flow there is also a substantial centrifugal force, which decays with the length, thus shaping the development of the overall flow-field. The pressure drop across the vortex chamber differs from that in pipe flow, due to the mechanism of swirl flow. It depends mainly on intensity of tangential velocity. If the chamber length is increased, the vortex decay factor decreases, which leads to less pressure drop. The current theory confirms that the previous published models are only applicable for high Reynolds numbers where the inertia dominates the viscous forces. Based on the present theory, a new approach to determine the tangential velocity and radial pressure profiles inside the vortex chamber is developed and compared with the available experimental data. The n = 2 vortex model with reverse flow gives better results for strongly swirling flow.
Preparation and application of HPLC chiral stationary phases based on (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid (2006)

Preparation of liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid and their application are reviewed. The various methods of connecting (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid to silica gel covalently or dynamically are demonstrated. The CSPs based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid have been very successful for the resolution of various primary amino compounds with the use of an aqueous mobile phase containing organic and acidic modifiers. In addition, the resolution of secondary amino compounds including beta-blockers and N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-alpha-amino acids has been demonstrated on a CSP based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid with a non-aqueous mobile phase.
HDI-01 A MESH-FREE METHOD FOR NUMERCIAL SIMULATION OF HDD SLIDER AIR BEARINGS (2003)

In this paper, a mesh-free numerical method (least square finite difference scheme) is presented to solve the slider air bearing problems of hard disk drives. For each specified attitude, the air bearing pressure is obtained by solving the generalized Reynolds equation using the mesh-free method. The method with second order accuracy directly approximates the derivatives in the differential equations. The discretized nonlinear systems of equations are solved by Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) implementation. Finally, the steady-state flying attitude of a slider subject to pro-applied suspension force and torques is obtained by a Quasi-Newton iteration method.
Probing structure and function in planar supported protein films (1999)

The development of molecular devices based on immobilized protein films is currently a very active area of research worldwide. Detailed structural and functional characterization of these films is a prerequisite to the rational development of deposition methods that product bioactive structures, but is a technically difficult challenge. Two recent thrusts in our work have been investigated of methods designed to create macroscopically ordered arrays of protein molecules, and development of new optical techniques to characterize the ensemble properties of these arrays.
Comparative evaluation of antioxidants for carotene (1952)

Summary A variety of compounds were evaluated as antioxidants for carotene in mineral oil solution by an accelerated stability test. These included derivatives of aromatic amines, substituted dihydroquinolines, ureas, phenothiazine, azobenzene, and diphenylmethane. The most effective antioxidants were hydroxy‐ and amino‐substituted diphenylamines, p‐substituted phenylenediamines, and derivatives of 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline.
The Making of Taiwanese Cuisine since 1980s - The Rise of Minnan and Hakka Ethnic Food - (2015)

대만 음식의 출현은 대만의 민주화 과정과 1980년대 이래 국가 정체성의 성장과 관련이 깊다. 어떠한 측면에서 대만 음식의 형성은 중국 본토의 장저(江浙) 음식, 쓰촨(四川) 음식, 광둥(廣東) 음식 체계가 우세한 가운데 대만 내 두 개의 주요 민족음식, 즉 민난과 학카 음식이 자유화된 것으로 볼 수도 있다. 한족의 음식으로 알려진 민난과 학카 음식이 대만을 대표하는 요리로 급부상하게 된 것이다. 그러나 한족이 아닌 원주민 음식은 여전히 대만 음식으로 통합되지 않고 있는 점 또한 주목해야 한다.BR 이 글은 대만 음식의 부상이 정치적 변환과 문화적 변화를 뛰어넘는 사회적 산물이라는 점에 주목하고 있다. 민난과 학카 민족 음식의 소비는 가정의 범주를 넘어 레스토랑에서 볼 수 있는 상품화된 ‘요리’로서 빠르게 자리잡고 있다. 이 글은 민난과 학카 민족 음식의 ‘요리화’와 ‘대중화’의 특징과 변화를 설명하고자 한다. 또한 민난, 학카 음식이 어떻게 ‘표현’되고, 어떠한 ‘위치’에 있고, 대만 국가 음식으로써 ‘어느 정도’ 역할을 하는지도 주목한다. 결론에서는 민주주의, 민족성, 국가정체성이 어떻게 연관되어 있고, 이들의 관계가 대만의 현대 음식에 어떻게 반영되어 있는지를 살펴본다.
An update on polymyalgia rheumatica (2022)

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting people older than 50 years and is 2-3 times more common in women. The most common symptoms are pain and morning stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle and the onset may be acute or develop over a few days to weeks. General symptoms such as fatigue, fever and weight loss may occur, likely driven by systemic IL-6 signalling. The pathology includes synovial and periarticular inflammation and muscular vasculopathy. A new observation is that PMR may appear as a side effect of cancer treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. The diagnosis of PMR relies mainly on symptoms and signs combined with laboratory markers of inflammation. Imaging modalities including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with computed tomography are promising new tools in the investigation of suspected PMR. However, they are still limited by availability, high cost and unclear performance in the diagnostic workup. Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is effective in PMR, with most patients responding promptly to 15-25 mg prednisolone per day. There are challenges in the management of patients with PMR as relapses do occur and patients with PMR may need to stay on GC for extended periods. This is associated with high rates of GC-related comorbidities, such as diabetes and osteoporosis, and there are limited data on the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics as GC sparing agents. Finally, PMR is associated with giant cell arteritis that may complicate the disease course and require more intense and prolonged treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Polytriacetylenes: Conjugated Polymers with a Novel All‐Carbon Backbone. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Note on the determination of “citrin” in lemon preparations (1943)

Abstract 1.1. A modification of the method of Lorenz and Arnold for the determination of citrin in lemon preparations is described, and the interference of glucose is eliminated by avoiding heating of the solutions after the addition of alkali. 2.2. A more efficient extraction of citrin from lemon peel is obtained by extracting in the cold instead of by cooking. 3.3. Lemon juice contains about one-sixth the amount of citrin found in lemon peel extract.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of broadband decoupling techniques for in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2005)

A theoretical and experimental evaluation of existing broadband decoupling methods with respect to their utility for in vivo (1)H-(13)C NMR spectroscopy is presented. Simulations are based on a modified product operator formalism, while an experimental evaluation is performed on in vitro samples and human leg and rat brain in vivo. The performance of broadband decoupling methods was evaluated with respect to the required peak and average RF powers, decoupling bandwidth, decoupling side bands, heteronuclear scalar coupling constant, and sensitivity toward B(2) inhomogeneity. In human applications only the WALTZ and MLEV decoupling methods provide adequate decoupling performance at RF power levels that satisfy the FDA guidelines on local tissue heating. For very low RF power levels (B(2max) < 300 Hz) one should verify empirically whether the experiment will benefit from broadband decoupling. At higher RF power levels acceptable for animal studies additional decoupling techniques become available and provide superior performance. Since the average RF power of adiabatic RF pulses is almost always significantly lower than the peak RF power, it can be stated that for average RF powers suitable for animal studies it is always possible to design an adiabatic decoupling scheme that outperforms all other schemes. B(2) inhomogeneity degrades the decoupling performance of all methods, but the decoupling bandwidths for WALTZ-16 and especially adiabatic methods are still satisfactory for useful in vivo decoupling with a surface coil.
Editorial: From correlations to causation: the value of preventive interventions in studying pathogenic mechanisms in childhood psychiatric disorders (2013)

The ultimate goal of all research in childhood psychiatric disorders is to provide knowledge that will be useful in treating or preventing illness. To be useful in treating or preventing illness, research studies must provide valid information about the causes of illness, because only by targeting those causes can we prevent or counter their effects in a truly rational way. Until now, the discovery of interventions has largely been by serendipity, yielding medications and behavioral interventions that produce too little therapeutic response, in too few people, and with too many side effects. The selection of which specific intervention to use for which child is based on trial-and-error guesswork and the personal preferences and idiosyncrasies of the treating clinician, with little or no empirical support, and at great cost to children, families, and health care systems. Guesswork in treatment will decline only when we have more detailed knowledge of the differing causal pathways that produce differing subtypes of the same disease phenotype. Identifying more homogeneous subtypes of disease that have more uniform natural histories and treatment responses will permit development of more genuinely rational and individualized interventions, or more truly personalized medicine (Insel, 2009). Identifying causal pathways in human disease, however, is especially challenging because the classic method of experimental investigation - isolating and manipulating at will a variable that is hypothesized to exert a causal influence on the illness in order to understand its effects on other variables - is not possible when studying the causes of human illness, for obvious ethical reasons. We are therefore left with a variety of methods for identifying probable causal pathways in human illness, all of which have varying strengths and limitations in the weight of evidence that they provide that a variable has a true causal influence on the disorder.
Potential of lidar backscatter data to estimate solar aerosol radiative forcing (2006)

The potential to estimate solar aerosol radiative forcing (SARF) in cloudless conditions from backscatter data measured by widespread standard lidar has been investigated. For this purpose 132 days of sophisticated ground-based Raman lidar observations (profiles of particle extinction and backscatter coefficients at 532 nm wavelength) collected during two campaigns [the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)] were analyzed. Particle extinction profiles were used as input for radiative transfer simulations with which to calculate the SARF, which then was plotted as a function of the column (i.e., height-integrated) particle backscatter coefficient (beta(c)). A close correlation between the SARF and beta(c) was found. SARF-beta(c) parameterizations in the form of polynomial fits were derived that exhibit an estimated uncertainty of +/-(10-30)%. These parameterizations can be utilized to analyze data of upcoming lidar satellite missions and for other purposes. The EARLINET-based parameterizations can be applied to lidar measurements at mostly continental, highly industrialized sites with limited maritime influence (Europe, North America), whereas the INDOEX parameterizations rather can be employed in polluted maritime locations, e.g., coastal regions of south and east Asia.