gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Combinatorial Resolution: Direct Asymmetric Lipase‐Mediated Screening of a Dynamic Nitroaldol Library (2006)

Unruhe in der Bibliothek: Die Nitroaldoladdition wurde für eine effiziente C-C-Verknüpfung zum Aufbau dynamischer kombinatorischer Bibliotheken verwendet. Diese thermodynamisch kontrolliert erzeugten Bibliotheken wurden in einem Eintopfprozess mit einer kinetisch kontrollierten, lipasevermittelten Umesterung gekoppelt (siehe Schema). Die Racematspaltung durch das Enzym führte in hoher Ausbeute zu enantiomerenreinen β-Nitroacetaten. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z603740_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thermodynamic properties of low-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconducting barrier junction (<i>S</i>-<i>S</i>’-<i>S</i>system) in a magnetic field (1991)

This work considers a superconductive sandwich structure S-S'-S when the order parameter of the layer S' is suppressed. The thickness of S' is assumed larger than the coherence length, and the superconductivity of this layer is not induced via proximity but is determined by intrinsic properties. The vortex boundary interaction and the thermodynamic properties are derived. These results are quite general and relevant for the recently investigated junctions employing layered high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors.
Energy scalable system design (2002)

We introduce the notion of energy-scalable system-design. The principal idea is to maximize computational quality for a given energy constraint at all levels of the system hierarchy. The desirable energy-quality (E-Q) characteristics of systems are discussed. E-Q behavior of algorithms is considered and transforms that significantly improve scalability are analyzed using three distinct categories of commonly used signal-processing algorithms on the StrongARM SA-1100 processor as examples (viz., filtering, frequency domain transforms and classification). Scalability hooks in hardware are analyzed using similar examples on the Pentium III processor and a scalable programming methodology is proposed. Design techniques for true energy scalable hardware are also demonstrated using filtering as an example.
Liquid Consumption of Wetted Wall Bioaerosol Sampling Cyclones: Characterization and Control (2010)

Advances in microfluidic, lab on chip, and other near-real-time biological identification technologies have driven the desire to concentrate bioaerosols into hydrosol sample volumes on the order of tens of microliters (μL). However, typical wet biological aerosol collector outputs are an order or two of magnitude above this goal. The ultimate success of bioaerosol collectors and biological identifiers requires an effective coupling at the macro-to-micro interface. Liquid collection performance was studied experimentally for a family of dynamically scaled wetted wall bioaerosol sampling cyclones (WWC's). Steady-state liquid collection rates and system response times were measured for a range of environmental conditions (temperatures from 10°C to 50°C and relative humidities from 10% to 90%), liquid input rates, and WWC airflow configurations. A critical liquid input rate parameter was discovered that collapsed all experimental data to self-similar empirical performance correlations. A system algorithm was then developed from empirical correlations to provide control over the liquid output rate and resulting concentration factor for a cyclone with an airflow rate of 100 L/min. Desired liquid output rates of 25 to 50 μL/min were maintained while sampling outdoor air over diurnal ranges of environmental conditions. These flow rates are associated with concentration factors on the order of 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 and liquid outputs that are a steady stream of 10 to 30 drops/min of 7 to 10 μL droplets. These developments should allow wetted wall cyclones to be effectively coupled to advanced biological identification systems.
Selection, Gene Interaction, and Flexible Gene Networks (2009)

Recent results from a variety of different kinds of experiments, mainly using behavior as an assay, and ranging from laboratory selection experiments to gene interaction studies, show that a much wider range of genes can affect phenotype than those identified as "core genes" in classical mutant screens. Moreover, very pleiotropic genes can produce specific phenotypes when mild variants are combined. These studies also show that gene networks readily change configuration and the relationships between interacting genes in response to the introduction of additional genetic variants, suggesting that the networks range widely and have a high degree of flexibility and malleability. Such flexibility, in turn, offers a plausible mechanism for the molding of phenotypes through microevolution, as a prerequisite to making a suitable environment for the acceptance of newly arising large-effect mutations in the transition from microevolution to macroevolution.
New Tetrafunctionalized<i>Cone</i>Calix[4]arenes as Neutral Hosts for Anion Recognition (2000)

Abstract The synthesis and anion binding properties of several new cone calix[4]arenes having different flexibility and tetrafunctionalized at the upper rim with various type of hydrogen bonding donor groups such as thioureas (1–3), trifluoroacetamides (4, 5) and perfluorinated alcohols (6) are reported. The results obtained show that thiourea receptors are the most effective in the complexation of all anions and that the rigid cone compound 2 is more efficient than the mobile cone analog 1 in the binding of spherical anions, whereas the reverse is true for the complexation of tetrahedral H2PO4 − anion.
Anti-melanoma vaccines engineered to simultaneously modulate cytokine priming and silence PD-L1 characterized using<i>ex vivo</i>myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a readout of therapeutic efficacy (2014)

Efficacious antitumor vaccines strongly stimulate cancer-specific effector T cells and counteract the activity of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells. We hypothesised that combining cytokine expression with silencing programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) could potentiate anticancer immune responses of lentivector vaccines. Thus, we engineered a collection of lentivectors that simultaneously co-expressed an antigen, a PD-L1-silencing shRNA, and various T cell-polarising cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) or interleukins (IL12, IL15, IL23, IL17A, IL6, IL10, IL4). In a syngeneic B16F0 melanoma model and using tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) as a vaccine antigen, we found that simultaneous delivery of IL12 and a PD-L1-silencing shRNA was the only combination that exhibited therapeutically relevant anti-melanoma activities. Mechanistically, we found that delivery of the PD-L1 silencing construct boosted T cell numbers, inhibited <i>in vivo</i> tumor growth and strongly cooperated with IL12 cytokine priming and antitumor activities. Finally, we tested the capacities of our vaccines to counteract tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) activities <i>ex vivo</i>. Interestingly, the lentivector co-expressing IL12 and the PD-L1 silencing shRNA was the only one that counteracted MDSC suppressive activities, potentially underlying the observed anti-melanoma therapeutic benefit. We conclude that (1) evaluation of vaccines in healthy mice has no significant predictive value for the selection of anticancer treatments; (2) B16 cells expressing xenoantigens as a tumor model are of limited value; and (3) vaccines which inhibit the suppressive effect of MDSC on T cells in our <i>ex vivo</i> assay show promising and relevant antitumor activities.
Recombination in bacteriophage T4 (1967)

Several multifactor crosses have been performed in which all segregating genotypes were identified. The genetic map of T4 and mapping techniques are re-evaluated in light of the finding that double-mutant recombinants occur less frequently than those identified as wild-type. This difference is attributable to heterozygotes which exaggerate the latter class. Analysis of the crosses suggests that the mathematical mapping functions so far devised overcorrect for clustering of multiple crossovers, and in so doing predict more crossovers than actually occur. An 8-factor rII cross in which crossover estimates were based exclusively on double-mutant recombinants shows that the high negative interference (HNI) observed in mass lysates is not an artifact of the method used to enumerate recombinants. Experiments to investigate the cause of HNI include parallel 8-factor rII crosses between alternating point mutations and deletions. One cross was performed in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of fluorouracil deoxyriboside, the other in its absence. Based on double-mutant recombination frequencies, neither case showed a difference in the coefficient of coincidence for insertion of a point mutant between two deletions and for insertion of a deletion between two point mutants. Either insertion heteroduplexes are not involved in formation of double crossovers, or deletion heteroduplexes (not observed among progeny phages) are efficiently repaired. Analysis of single-burst progenies of cells infected with a partial phage genome and a helper phage shows a 6.8-fold increase in recombination frequency near the ends of the partial phage genome. It is suggested that the HNI observed in mass lysates is a population genetics artifact accounted for by the increased frequency of recombination near ends of DNA molecules.
Bionanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction BNPs Genetic and Chemical Alterations of BNPs Chemical Modifications Conventional Bioconjugation Methods for Selective Modifications “Click Chemistry” for Bioconjugation of BNPs New Developments in Tyrosine Modification Genetic Alterations Heterologous Peptide Insertions NAA Substitutions Protein Expression Systems BNPs in Therapeutics Cell Targeting Gene Delivery Bioimaging Drug Encapsulation and Release Immune Response Vaccine Development Immune Modulation Future Directions Acknowledgments
Pharmacokinetics of Moxonidine After Single and Repeated Daily Doses in Healthy Volunteers (1987)

The pharmacokinetics of the centrally acting alpha-2 agonist moxonidine were investigated in 12 healthy male subjects after single and repeated oral doses (q12h for five days) of moxonidine 0.2 mg. Plasma concentration-time data followed the general characteristics of a one-compartment model with first-order absorption. Peak plasma concentrations of 1.29 +/- 0.32 ng/mL were achieved 0.74 +/- 0.35 hours after ingestion of a 0.2-mg tablet. The terminal half-life of elimination was 2.12 +/- 0.58 hours. The oral clearance (CL/F) amounted to 830 +/- 171 mL/min with renal elimination being the major route of elimination. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters could be observed following repeated dosing over five days.
Влияние NAD<sup>+</sup>-зависимой формиатдегидрогеназы на анаэробное дыхание<i>Shewanella oneidensis</i>MR-1 (2013)

Сконструирована экспрессионная плазмида и проведена гетерологичная экспрессия гена NAD+-зависимой формиатдегидрогеназы (ФДГ) из метилотрофной бактерии Moraxella sp. в клетках Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 в аэробных и анаэробных условиях. Активность рекомбинантной ФДГ была выявлена в клеточном лизате трансформантов при обоих условиях культивирования клеток. Интенсивность анаэробного дыхания, определенная по скорости конверсии акцептора электронов  фумарата, в сукцинат на среде с лактатом в качестве источника углерода у трансформанта с рекомбинантной ФДГ возрастала. При культивировании трансформанта S. oneidensis MR-1 с ФДГ в анаэробных условиях в микробном топливном элементе (МТЭ) обнаружено повышение уровня плотности тока.
Baseline Genotype as a Predictor of Virological Failure to Emtricitabine or Stavudine in Combination with Didanosine and Efavirenz (2007)

The presence of drug-associated mutations among ART-naive, HIV-1(+) patients may compromise the response to antiviral therapy. We evaluated the effect of preexisting drug-associated resistance mutations to the response in treatment-naive patients to therapy with emtricitabine (FTC) or stavudine (d4T) in combination with didanosine (ddI) and efavirenz (EFV). Study FTC-301A compared emtricitabine once daily (QD) with stavudine twice daily in combination with didanosine and efavirenz in ART-naive patients. Genotypic analysis was performed on baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA for all available samples and at time of virologic failure (VF). Drug resistance mutations present at baseline were evaluated as predictors of VF using logistic regression. VF rates were compared between subgroups using a two-sided exact test. Baseline drug resistance mutations were observed in 90/546 (16.5%) patients: 56/90 (62.2%) with nonnucleoside analogue (NNRTI) mutations and 42/90 (46.6%) with nucleoside analogue mutations. In a stepwise, multiple regression analysis, the presence of the K103N mutation at initiation of therapy was associated with VF in both arms (p = 0.001), however, there was a higher incidence of VF in the stavudine arm compared to the emtricitabine arm regardless of the presence or absence of mutations at baseline (p = 0.001). In this study, the presence of drug-associated resistance mutations in ART-naive patients was significantly correlated with subsequent development of virologic failure underscoring the utility of testing for resistance in addition to the use of potent and well-tolerated first line regimens in treatment-naive patients.
Roles of Molecular Chaperones in Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Quality Control and ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD) (2005)

Secreted proteins are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a quality control mechanism in the ER is essential to maintain secretory pathway homeostasis. Newly synthesized soluble and integral membrane secreted proteins fold into their native conformations with the aid of ER molecular chaperones before they are transported to post-ER compartments. However, terminally mis-folded proteins may be retained in the ER and degraded by a process called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Recent studies using yeast have shown that molecular chaperones both in the ER and in the cytosol play key roles during the ERAD of mis-folded proteins. One important role for chaperones during ERAD is to prevent substrate protein aggregation. Substrate selection is another important role for molecular chaperones during ERAD.
FETs with superconducting channels (2003)

The authors consider the implications of inducing superconducting properties in the channel of a FET by using superconductors as the source and drain metallizations. Under some circumstances the semiconductor source and drain regions can themselves become superconducting due to the proximity effect, i.e. the penetration of Cooper pairs into normal material at the interface with a superconductor. The proximity-effect regions can overlap if the channel is short enough, making the device a Josephson weak link in which a gate controls both superconductive and normal currents. The authors review the basic device concept and electrical characteristics, discuss several important materials-related issues, examine the present experimental and theoretical situation, and discuss the potential for applications. They describe recent work on superconducting In/sub 0.47/Ga/sub 0.53/As JFETs (junction FETs) that addresses several of the issues raised by the present discussion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FAP‐1‐mediated activation of NF‐κB induces resistance of head and neck cancer to fas‐induced apoptosis (2006)

Molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor resistance to apoptosis often involve the Fas/FasL pathway. While squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) express both Fas and FasL, their resistance to self-induced apoptosis or apoptosis mediated by Fas agonistic antibody (CH-11Ab) was independent of the level of Fas surface expression or the presence of soluble Fas in supernatants of primary or metastatic SCCHN cell lines. By in vitro immunoselection, using PCI-15A cell line treated with successive cycles of CH-11 Ab, Fas-resistant sublines with the parental genotype were selected. Such sublines failed to cleave caspase-8 upon Fas engagement and were resistant to CH-11 Ab, although they remained sensitive to VP-16 or staurosporin. In the presence of cycloheximide, the selected SCCHN sublines become susceptible to CH-11 Ab, and showed cleavage of caspase-8, suggesting that apoptosis resistance was mediated by an inhibitory protein(s) acting upstream of caspase-8. Overexpression of Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (FAP-1), but not cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) in SCCHN sublines was documented by Western blots and RT-PCR analyses. The FAP-1+ selected sublines also downregulated cell surface Fas. A high phosphorylation level of IkappaB kappa, NFkappaB activation and upregulation of Bcl-2 expression were observed in the FAP-1+ sublines. Treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor, orthovanadate, or silencing of FAP-1 with siRNA abolished their resistance to apoptosis, suggesting that FAP-1 phosphatase activity could be responsible for NF-kappaB activation and resistance of SCCHN cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Software A-D Conversion Method for Digital Vision Chips. (2003)

A pixel-level analog-to-digital (A-D) conversion method suitable for digital vision chips is proposed. In this method, each quantization boundary is compared by determining whether the signal level integrated for a certain time has reached a certain voltage, where both the time and voltage are properly controlled by software for each boundary. We derive an algorithm to generate an optimal controlling schedule to realize an arbitrary A-D conversion scale subject to the condition that noise is minimized. Experimental results have shown that images with given A-D characteristics can be obtained with low noise.
High-speed multi-bit continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulator (2007)

A High-Speed Multi-Bit Bandpass Continuous- Time Delta-Sigma Modulator is presented in this paper. This modulator samples at high-IF signals, performing the direct conversion in the modern RF front-end receivers. In order to improve the design flexibility, an advanced design methodology is used. This methodology is very interesting for complex mixed-signal IC design, since it combines behavioral models and transistor level models in the same environment, reducing the simulation time.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Strategies in Metathesis (2010)

Abstract Review: 49 refs.
[11C]Diazepam synthesis: N-[11C]methylation of desmethyldiazepam is facilitated by utilization of a preformed sodium salt/benzo-15-crown-5 complex (1999)

The use of a preformed desmethyldiazepam sodium salt/benzo-15-crown-5 complex in aprotic media allows for rapid and clean [11C]methylation without contamination and loss of activity due to alkylation of solvent residues and other dissolved basic-nucleophilic material. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND ROENTGENSTRUKTURANALYSE VON CIS‐3,4‐METHYLEN‐L‐PROLIN, DER NEUEN NATUERLICHEN AMINOSAEURE AUS ROSSKASTANIEN, UND IHRES TRANS‐ISOMEREN (1971)

Abstract Die Synthese des cis‐ und trans‐Methylen‐L‐prolins (VI) gelingt durch N‐Acylierung des Didehydro‐L‐prolins (I) mit dem Anhydrid (II) und nachfolgender Veresterung mit Diazomethan (III) zum L‐Ester (IV), der Addition von Methylen zum cis‐ und trans‐L‐Prolinester (V) und dessen Verseifung mit methanolischer NaOH zu (VI).
Preparation and Properties of Ultrathin High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Films on Si (1991)

Ultrathin Ba 2 YCu 3 O x films with thickness down to 7 nm were grown epitaxially on a Si(100) substrate using buffer layers (Y 2 O 3 (10 nm) and YSZ(40 nm)). These films show metallic behavior and full superconductivity through revealing broadened transitions. The critical current densities at 40 K are about 5×10 6 A/cm 2 and 5×10 5 A/cm 2 for 100 nm- and 28 nm-thick films, respectively.
Discriminating Dysarthria Type From Envelope Modulation Spectra (2010)

Dysarthrias can be characterized by quantifiable temporal patterns in acoustic output. Because EMS analysis is automated and requires no editing or linguistic assumptions, it shows promise as a clinical and research tool.
FLN29, a Novel Interferon- and LPS-inducible Gene Acting as a Negative Regulator of Toll-like Receptor Signaling (2005)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates macrophages through toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Although the mechanism of the TLR signaling pathway has been well documented, the mechanism of the negative regulation in response to LPS, particularly LPS tolerance, is still poorly understood. In this study we identified and characterized a novel interferon- and LPS-inducible gene, FLN29, which contains a TRAF6-related zinc finger motif and TRAF family member-associated NF-kappaB activator-related sequences. The induction of FLN29 was dependent on STAT1. The forced expression of FLN29 in macrophage-like RAW cells resulted in the suppression of TLR-mediated NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, while a reduced expression of FLN29 by small interfering RNA partly cancelled the down-regulation of LPS signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NF-kappaB activation induced by TRAF6 and TAB2 was impaired by co-expression of FLN29, suggesting FLN29 may regulate the downstream of TRAF6. Taken together, FLN29 is a new negative feedback regulator of TLR signaling.
Heterointerface‐Driven Band Alignment Engineering and its Impact on Macro‐Performance in Semiconductor Multilayer Nanostructures (2019)

Interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures is of continuously greater significance in the trend of scaling materials down to the atomic limit. Since atoms tend to behave more irregularly around interfaces than in internal materials, accurate energy band alignment becomes a major challenge, which determines the ultimate performance of devices. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between heterointerface, energy band, and macro-performance is desiderated. Here, such interplay is explored by investigating asymmetric heterointerfaces with identical fabrication parameters in multiple-quantum-well lasers. The unexpected asymmetry derives from the atomic discrepancy around heterointerfaces, which ultimately improves the optical property through altered valence band offsets. Strain and charge distribution around heterointerfaces are characterized via geometric phase analysis and in situ bias electron holography, respectively. Combining experiments with theories, arsenic-enrichment at one of the interfaces is considered the origin of asymmetry. To reveal actual band alignment, valence band model is modified focusing on the transition around heterojunctions. The enhanced photoluminescence intensity reflects the alleviation of hole confinement insufficiency and the enlargement of valence band offset. The results help to advance the understanding of the general problem of interface in nanostructures and provide guidance applicable to various scenarios for micro-macro correlation.