gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The experience with neutron irradiation in locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate. (1997)

Patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate, defined as those with extraprostatic disease, a Gleason score of 7 or higher, or a PSA of 15 ng/mL or higher, have a significantly worse prognosis with standard external beam radiotherapy. Post-treatment PSA and biopsy data confirm that most patients have residual local disease as a component of failure in most cases. Two randomized trials of neutron irradiation mixed with photon irradiation and neutron irradiation alone compared with standard photon irradiation to a dose of 70 cGy have both confirmed an improvement in the disease-free survival of patients treated with neutron irradiation. The high complication rate in the second study and the limited number of neutron facilities led to a dramatic decline in the utilization of neutrons in prostate cancer. However, at Wayne State University, using a super conducting cyclotron, a number of clinical studies have been performed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of neutron irradiation. Chronic complication rates have been low. Biochemical freedom from relapse rates have been excellent. For patients with a pretreatment PSA <10 ng/mL, 10 to 20 ng/mL or >20 ng/mL, 92%, 85%, and 38% of patients have no evidence of disease at 4 years. Thus, neutron irradiation has been proven to be a safe method of dose intensification that can lead to a significant improvement in the overall outcome of patients with nonmetastatic adenocarcinomas of the prostate.
Diagnostic tests in chronic pancreatitis. (1994)

We review the values of various tests in the diagnosis of suspected chronic pancreatitis, and we give a practical approach to diagnosis. Most cases can be diagnosed by a consideration of history, simple radiology, and serum enzymes. Problems arise in patients with noncalcific early chronic pancreatitis, in whom pain alone is the main feature. In these patients, a sequence of tests may be required to arrive at a diagnosis of probable or possible pancreatitis to one that is proven. In some cases, only time will tell.
A scalable location service for distributed objects (1996)

We describe a service for locating distributed objects using location-independent object identifiers.An object in our model is physically distributed, with multiple copies simultaneously active on different machines.Processes must bind to an object in order to invoke its methods.Part of the binding protocol is concerned with contacting the object, which offers one or more contact points.An object can change its contact points in the course of time, thus exhibiting migration behavior.Finding an object's contact points is the essence of our location service.
Vietnam: History by the losers (1992)

War and Aftermath in Vietnam, by T. Louise Brown. Routledge, London and New York, 1991. viii + 295 pp. £40. ISBN 0–415–01403–4. George Ball, Vietnam and the Rethinking of Containment, by David L. DiLeo, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London, 1991. xxii + 265 pp. $37.50 hardback, $12.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8078–1936–0 and 0–8078–4297–4. Facing the Phoenix: The CIA and the Political Defeat of the United States in Vietnam, by Zalin Grant. W. W. Norton, New York and London, 1991. 395 pp., illus. $22.50. ISBN 0–393–02925–5. The Vietnam Wars, by Justin Wintle. Weidenfield Paperbacks, London, 1991. xv+202 pp., maps. £8.99 paperback. ISBN 0–297–82095–8. The Vietnam Wars 1945–1990, by Marilyn B. Young. Harper Collins, New York 1991. xiii + 386 pp., illus., maps. $25. ISBN 0–06–016553–7.
Low Power Consumption Solutions for Instant Messaging on Mobile Devices (2008)

Instant messaging (IM) services enable real-time text and multimedia exchange and online presence awareness. Users typically log onto IM services persistently in order to discover available friends and also to be discovered. However, our analysis shows that running a desktop-oriented IM client on a mobile device over a cellular or a wireless LAN network incurs massive power consumption. Such power consumption penalty can render persistent-IM infeasible for battery-powered mobile devices. The reason for the power penalty lies in the fact that IM must communicate with the network frequently to exchange presence information with remote entities. In this paper, we propose several low power consumption solutions for IM on mobile devices. By reducing the network accesses and keeping mobile devices in the sleep mode as much as possible, these solutions achieve significant power saving. We implement the proposed solutions using a Jabber-based architecture. We also present power measurement results under this implementation. The results agree with our analysis very well.
Effect of dissolved organic carbon on leaching of copper and zinc from swine manure compost (2000)

Swine manure was comprehensively characterized with respect to Cu and Zn due to feed additives. Separated swine manure (SSM) composts were collected from five pig farms at Tainan County. The total content, base extractability, synthetic acid rainwater (SAR) solubility, and leachability at varying pH of Cu and Zn were determined to assess its environmental hazard. The influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from compost on leaching of these elements was evaluated. The SSM composts were enriched with Cu (208-1380 mg/kg) and Zn (847-2840 mg/kg). The SAR and neutral pH leachable fractions of Cu, Zn, and organic C were generally low (&lt; 6% of their total content). Copper leachability in F2 compost, however, was high (14%), resulting from immaturity and associated substantial dissolution of organic C (11%). Most of Cu (86% on average) while small portion of Zn (14% on average) were distributed on humic substances (HS) which comprised about 40% of total compost organic C. Extracted Cu increased rapidlyand was highly correlated to the increase of organic C concentration as the pH raised above pH 8, while extracted Zn remained low. High leachability of Cu at alkaline pH and during HS extraction was due at least in part to complexation with DOC.
A Survey on Optimal Signal Processing Techniques Applied to Improve the Performance of Mechanical Sensors in Automotive Applications (2007)

In this paper a survey on recent applications of optimal signal processing techniques to improve the performance of mechanical sensors is made. Here, a comparison between classical filters and optimal filters for automotive sensors is made, and the current state of the art of the application of robust and optimal control and signal processing techniques to the design of the intelligent (or smart) sensors that today’s cars need is presented through several experimental results that show that the fusion of intelligent sensors and optimal signal processing techniques is the clear way to go. However, the switch between the traditional methods of designing automotive sensors and the new ones cannot be done overnight because there are some open research issues that have to be solved. This paper draws attention to one of the open research issues and tries to arouse researcher’s interest in the fusion of intelligent sensors and optimal signal processing techniques.
A Computational Process for Early Stage Assessment of Automotive Buffeting and Wind Noise (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A computational process for early stage vehicle shape assessment for automotive front window buffeting and greenhouse wind noise is presented. It is a challenging problem in an experimental process as the vehicle geometry is not always finalized. For example, the buffeting behavior typically worsens during the vehicle development process as the vehicle gets tighter, leading to expensive late counter measures. We present a solution using previously validated CFD/CAA software based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). A CAD model with realistic automotive geometry was chosen to simultaneously study the potential of different side mirror geometries to influence the front window buffeting and greenhouse wind noise phenomena. A glass mounted mirror and a door mounted mirror were used for this comparative study. Interior noise is investigated for the two phenomena studied. The unsteady flow is visualized and changes in the buffeting and wind noise behavior are explored.</div></div>
Sensitive, Site-Specific, and Stable Vibrational Probe of Local Protein Environments: 4-Azidomethyl-<scp>l</scp>-Phenylalanine (2013)

We have synthesized the unnatural amino acid (UAA), 4-azidomethyl-L-phenylalanine (pN₃CH₂Phe), to serve as an effective vibrational reporter of local protein environments. The position, extinction coefficient, and sensitivity to local environment of the azide asymmetric stretch vibration of pN₃CH₂Phe are compared to the vibrational reporters: 4-cyano-L-phenylalanine (pCNPhe) and 4-azido-L-phenylalanine (pN₃Phe). This UAA was genetically incorporated in a site-specific manner utilizing an engineered, orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in response to an amber codon with high efficiency and fidelity into two distinct sites in superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP). This allowed for the dependence of the azide asymmetric stretch vibration of pN₃CH₂Phe to different protein environments to be measured. The photostability of pN₃CH₂Phe was also measured relative to the photoreactive UAA, pN₃Phe.
Probability of Supraventricular Tachycardia Recurrence in Pediatric Patients (1994)

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in pediatric patients is usually associated with a better prognosis than that in adults. However, late recurrence of SVT has been recently described. A total of 90 patients who had their initial SVT episode before 15 years of age were retrospectively studied (2-228 follow-up months; median, 215 months). Concomitantly congestive heart failure was present in 14 (16%) patients, and a cerebrovascular accident occurred in 1 patient. Intravenous verapamil was most frequently used to convert the initial SVT episodes without adverse effects, even in those younger than 1 year of age (9 patients). Older children could also be converted spontaneously or by vagal maneuvers. Patients with SVT recurrence were associated with an older age at initial SVT episodes (p < 0.001). By Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis, the chance of remaining SVT-free during the follow-up was much lower in patients with initial SVT after 5 years of age than in patients with initial attacks before the age of 1 and between the age of 1 and 5 (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Even though, about 40% of the patients whose initial attacks occurred during infancy had recurrences 5 years later. Only those who had the initial attacks during the prenatal period remained free from SVT recurrences. Patients with initial SVT episodes during infancy have a longer period without SVT attacks and a lower chance of recurrences; nonetheless, a substantial number of them had recurrence at later childhood except those with initial SVT attacks during the prenatal period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AN AUTOMATED NIPPLE FEEDING SYSTEM FOR ARTIFICIALLY REARING COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED NEONATAL PIGLETS (1977)

An automatic feeding nipple device for the artificial rearing of newborn pigs is described. The 16-piglet unit dispenses individual pre-set volumes of liquid diet at pre-set time intervals into reservoirs which are connected to a nipple positioned in each animal compartment. The automatic feeding nipple device proved effective and reliable in the dispensing of experimental diets employed in studies on the efficacy of immunoglobulin-fortified milk replacers for newborn colostrum-deprived pigs.
Image-based cardiac phase retrieval in intravascular ultrasound sequences (2011)

Longitudinal motion during in vivo pullbacks acquisition of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) sequences is a major artifact for 3-D exploring of coronary arteries. Most current techniques are based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal to obtain a gated pullback without longitudinal motion by using specific hardware or the ECG signal itself. We present an image-based approach for cardiac phase retrieval from coronary IVUS sequences without an ECG signal. A signal reflecting cardiac motion is computed by exploring the image intensity local mean evolution. The signal is filtered by a band-pass filter centered at the main cardiac frequency. Phase is retrieved by computing signal extrema. The average frame processing time using our setup is 36 ms. Comparison to manually sampled sequences encourages a deeper study comparing them to ECG signals.
[Implications of serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 elevation in patients with acute coronary syndrome]. (2007)

Serum MMP-8 concentration is closely associated with ACS, particularly AMI, and may serve as an indicator for predicting ACS and AMI. Neutrophils may be connected with the variation of serum MMP-8 concentration, but not as the major factor.
Hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke is not caused by stress. (1993)

We conclude that hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke cannot be explained by increased stress.
Management of frozen shoulder – conservative vs surgical? (2011)

Management of frozen shoulder remains controversial.Codman, when he coined the term 'frozen shoulder', claimed that this disorder is 'difficult to define, difficult to treat, and difficult to explain from the point of view of pathology'; 1 almost 80 years later, we are still not much farther.Both conservative and surgical treatment may result in equal outcome two to three years from the onset.However, this is at the expense of pain, stiffness and disability for this length of time.Surgical treatment with manipulation under anaesthetic or arthroscopic release shortens this to several weeks.The authors of these two excellent papers acknowledge the differences in approach in different stages of the disorder.In early stage there is a place for conservative treatment and one may try intra-articular steroid injections.One should bear in mind that manipulation should be performed in a particular way using a short lever arm, stabilising the scapula and utilising 'Codman's paradox' to avoid torque on the arm bone and avoid complications.Physiotherapy is a crucial part of success.
MASCAL: RFID tracking of patients, staff and equipment to enhance hospital response to mass casualty events. (2005)

Most medical facilities practice managing the large numbers of seriously injured patients expected during catastrophic events. During mass casualty events, as the demands on the healthcare team increase, and the challenges faced by managers escalate, workflow bottlenecks begin to develop and system capacity decreases. This paper describes MASCAL, an integrated software-hardware system designed to enhance management of resources at a hospital during a mass casualty situation. MASCAL uses active 802.11b asset tags to track patients, equipment and staff during the response to a disaster. The system integrates tag position information with data from personnel databases, medical information systems, registration applications and the US Navy's TACMEDCS triage application in a custom visual disaster management environment. MASCAL includes interfaces for a hospital command center, local area managers (emergency room, operating suites, radiology, etc.) and registration personnel. MASCAL is an operational system undergoing functional evaluation at the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
Characterization of External Cavity Laser with Thin Film Narrow Bandpass Filter (2007)

An external cavity laser (ECL) with a thin film narrow bandpass filter was designed and characterized. The novel ECL structure utilized a narrow bandpass filter whose center wavelength and bandwidth were easily controlled. Moreover, it has an advantage of stable lasing wavelength due to the small variation of filter performance over temperature. The ECL was composed of one side anti-reflection coated laser diode (LD), bandpass filter, and a partial mirror. For single mode operation, the filter was tilted to prohibit reflected light at the filter surface entering the LD waveguide. In this paper, we varied the filter angle and measured performance of the ECL. When the filter was tilted, a single mode operation was observed while optical power decreased. The optimum performance was obtained when the filter angle was 2 degrees, where side mode suppression ratio was 45 dB and optical power was 1.8 mW at 30 mA.
The contribution of stored water to transpiration in Scots pine (1979)

Abstract. The amount of water available diurnally and annually from the storage tissues was measured in plots of Scots pine trees with four different population densities (608–3281 trees per ha) in a 40‐year‐old plantation in north eastern Scotland. The water storage capacity of stems, branches, and foliage was estimated from equations derived from harvested trees and measurements of relative water content. On average 64% of the water considered to be available for transpiration was in the stem sapwood and less than 5% in the phloem, cambium and foliage. Trees on the plot with the highest population density had a water storage capacity of 212 m3 ha −1 (21.2 mm), whereas those on the plot with the lowest population density had a water storage capacity of 124 m3 ha −1 (12.4 mm). The utilization of stored water in transpiration was estimated from seasonal and diurnal measurements of the relative water content of foliage and stem sapwood. The largest change in sapwood relative water content over a 2‐week period was a reduction of 27% corresponding to extraction from the sapwood of 2.5 and 5.1 mm of water on the plots with the lowest and highest population densities, respectively. In rapidly changing weather conditions 1–1.5 mm day −1 could be removed from the stem sapwood alone. Since transpiration rarely exceeded 3 mm day −1 , 30–50% of the transpired water was extracted from water stored in the stem sapwood over short periods. Trees on the plot with the lowest population density occasionally had slightly higher relative water contents and exhibited larger diurnal fluctuations than those on the plot with the highest population density, possibly because of differences in wood density. Sapwood water content was generally lower at times of high transpiration rate and in winter during freezing conditions. Resaturation took several months to complete during the winter.
Integrated chemical microsensor systems in CMOS-technology (2005)

The aim in utilizing microfabrication techniques and CMOS technology for chemical sensors is to devise more intelligent, more autonomous, more integrated, and more reliable gas sensor systems at low costs in a generic approach. Since the sensor market is strongly fragmented, i.e., there exists a large variety of applications with different needs and sensor requirements, a modular approach or "toolbox strategy" relying on CMOS as platform technology was identified as a very promising approach. The application then dictates the microsensor system architecture and the nature of its components: As soon as the target analytes and their concentrations as well as the boundary conditions of detection are specified, the optimum transducer, the necessary driving and signal conditioning circuitry, as well as interface and communication units can be selected from the CMOS-toolbox, and the different modules can then be combined to arrive at a custom-designed monolithic CMOS microsensor system. Several examples of monolithically integrated chemical microsensor systems are presented. The evolution from single transducers, which are integrated with the necessary driving and signal conditioning circuitry, to monolithic multi-sensor arrays and fully developed systems with on-chip sensor control and standard interfaces is shown.
Binary Segmentation with Neural Validation for Cursive Handwriting Recognition (2009)

Over-Segmentation and validation (OSV) is a well anticipated segmentation strategy in cursive off-line handwriting recognition. Over-Segmentation is a means of locating all possible character boundaries, and the excessive segmentation points called over-segmentation points. Validation is a process to check and validate the segmentation points whether or not they are correct character boundaries by commonly employing an intelligent classifier trained with knowledge of characters. The existing OSV algorithms use ordered validation which means that the incorrect segmentation points might account for the validity of the next segmentation point. The ordered validation creates problems such as chain-failure. This paper presents a novel Binary Segmentation with Neural Validation (BSNV) to reduce the chain-failure. BSNV contains modules of over-segmentation and validation but the main distinctive feature of BSNV is an un-ordered segmentation strategy. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on CEDAR benchmark database and the results of the experiments are promising.
Kinetic Aspects of Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis (2000)

Probing catalyst systems for a nonlinear relationship between product enantioselectivity and catalyst enantiopurity is now commonly being used as a mechanistic tool. We show that in some cases striking consequences for reaction rate can ensue for reactions carried out using non-enantiopure catalysts. We also demonstrate how consideration of the kinetic behavior may serve to enhance the use of nonlinear effects as a diagnostic tool for identifying active catalytic species and for providing mechanistic insight. Kinetic information may also help in the development of efficient synthetic strategies using non-enantiopure systems.
Polynomial Methods in Optimal Control and Filtering (1993)

This book aims to demonstrate the power and breadth of polynomial methods in the control of engineering systems and the filtering of signals. Using commissioned contributions from renowned international specialists, the book progresses logically from the necessary background material (given at a tutorial level), through recent theoretical and practical developments, to detailed presentation of numerical algorithms.
Facile One-Pot Procedure for Et<sub>3</sub>Al-Promoted Asymmetric Pinacol-Type Rearrangement (2003)

A facile procedure for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure α-substituted ketones is described. The pinacol-type 1,2-shift of sec-tert 1,2-diols could be effected by performing the following two processes in a one pot procedure, (1) regioselective methanesulfonylation, and (2) direct treatment of the resulting mesylate with Et3Al. This procedure allowed 1,2-shift reactions of various groups, including vinyl, aryl, and heteroaromatic groups, giving enantiomerically pure ketones in high yields.
The Game Master (2005)

The concept of a Game Master (GM) is associated with a range of functions in role playing-based games, from pen and paper role playing games to live action-, computer- and massively multiplayer online role playing games. The functionality of the GM across game platforms is directly related to a handful of variables.In spite of being a core concept in role playing games, the full range of tools provided to GMs have not been fully integrated across the game platforms. The introduction of GM functionality in multiplayer computer role playing games such as Vampire the Masquerade: Redemption and Neverwinter Nights, indicate a substantial potential for development of toolsets for human-controlled interactive, emergent storytelling environments in virtual worlds, at several levels of functionality. Giving control of the game world to the players encourages a dynamic form of storytelling in games which is more reactive, and tailored to the specific players, than what is currently possible using pre-programmed static narratives or automated storytelling engines.