gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men by polymerase chain reaction assay of first-catch urine (1993)

To determine the accuracy of a recently developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) urine assay to detect Chlamydia trachomatis urethral infection in men, we obtained urethral swabs and first-catch urine from 365 men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. Thirty-three (9%) of the 365 men were infected with C. trachomatis as defined by urethral culture. Thirty-two of the 33 men with culture-positive urethral swabs also had PCR-positive urine assays. Of 332 patients with culture-negative urethral swabs, 325 had PCR-negative urine. Compared with chlamydia culture of urethral specimens, PCR assay of urine samples thus had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 98%. The positive predictive value of the urine PCR assay was 82%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. Analysis of discrepant results indicated that six of seven PCR-positive, urethral culture-negative patients probably had chlamydial urethritis. All six patients had symptoms of urethritis and had either a positive urethral swab PCR or a positive urine PCR with a different amplification target. After resolution of discrepant results, (defining true positives as the 33 culture-positive patients and the 6 PCR-positive, culture-negative patients just described), the sensitivity and specificity of culture were 85% (33 of 39) and 100% (326 of 326), respectively. The revised sensitivity and specificity of PCR were 97% (38 of 39) and 99.7% (325 of 326), respectively. We conclude that this urine PCR assay provides a highly sensitive, noninvasive alternative method for the detection of C. trachomatis urethral infection in high-risk men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. This assay could greatly facilitate the testing of larger numbers of male patients for chlamydial infection and should be studied in other settings.
Evidence Based Practice in Universal Design (2008)

The ergonomics profession can benefit from adoption of the universal design paradigm. Rather than treat people with differences in abilities and characteristics as special populations, this paradigm views such differences as a universal aspect of human experience. Ergonomics professionals and researchers can play an important role in advancing universal design through development of evidence-based practice. Critical needs are identified and discussed.
Identification of Collaterally Perfused Areas following Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat by Comparison of Gradient Echo and Diffusion-Weighted MRI (1995)

Diffusion-weighted (DW) and gradient echo (GE) magnetic resonance images were acquired before and after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the rat. Upon occlusion, an increase in DW imaging signal intensity was observed in a core area within the MCA territory, most likely reflecting cytotoxic edema. The signal from GE images, which is sensitive to changes in the absolute amount of deoxyhemoglobin, decreased following ischemia within a region that extended beyond the core area observed with DW imaging. This hypointensity is attributed to increases in blood volume and/or oxygen extraction fraction, which result from a decrease in perfusion pressure in the collaterally perfused area. The evolution of the GE imaging signal intensity from different regions was studied for 3.5 h following the occlusion. In the core area, the GE imaging signal returned towards baseline values after approximately 1-2 h, while it remained stable in the surrounding area. This feature may reflect a decrease in hematocrit due to microcirculatory defect and/or a decrease in the oxygen extraction fraction due to ongoing infarction of the tissue and may indicate that tissue recovery is severely compromised. The combined use of DW and GE imaging offers great promise for the noninvasive identification of specific pathological events with high spatial resolution.
Modification of Heme Peptides by Reverse Proteolysis:  Spectroscopy of Microperoxidase-10 with C-Terminal Histidine, Tyrosine, and Methionine Residues (1997)

Small-molecule analogs of the active sites of heme proteins\nare under investigation in many laboratories. Covalent\nattachment of ligands to the porphyrins is often desirable as it reduces complications due to axial ligand dissociation and scrambling in cases involving mixed axial ligation. The preparation of ligand-linked (tailed) porphyrin systems, however, often involves complex multistep syntheses. We have found that trypsin-catalyzed reverse proteolysis provides a simple preparative route to a novel class of water-soluble tailed porphyrins based on the well-characterized microperoxidase (MP) framework. Using reverse proteolysis reactions, we have obtained mutant microperoxidase decapeptides (MP10s) with C-terminal histidine (H23MP10), tyrosine (Y23MP10), and methionine (M23MP10) residues. In addition, we have investigated\nthe electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra\nof these MP10 mutants.
Association of<i>MEOX2</i>polymorphism with nonsyndromic cleft palate only in a Vietnamese population (2017)

To evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs227493 in the MEOX2 gene and nonsyndromic cleft palate only, this research was conducted as a case-control study by comparing a nonsyndromic cleft palate only group with an independent, healthy, and unaffected control group who were both examined by specialists. Based on clinical examination and medical records, we analyzed a total of 570 DNA samples, including 277 cases and 293 controls, which were extracted from dry blood spot samples collected from both the Odonto and Maxillofacial Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and Nguyen Dinh Chieu Hospital in Ben Tre province, respectively. The standard procedures of genotyping the specific SNP (rs2237493) for MEOX2 were performed on a StepOne Realtime PCR system with TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Significant statistical differences were observed in allelic frequencies (allele T and allele G) between the non-syndromic cleft palate only and control groups in female subjects, with an allelic odds ratio of 1.455 (95% confidence interval: 1.026-2.064) and P < 0.05. These study findings suggest that nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate might be influenced by variation of MEOX2, especially SNP rs2237493 in Vietnamese females.
Cryogen-free Operation of 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards (2013)

Given the recent shortages of liquid helium, cryogen-free operation of superconducting devices, such as programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems, has become preferable worldwide, and a necessity in some locations. However, reliable operation on a cryocooler is heavily dependent on the ability to create a constant temperature that is low enough to allow the PJVS junctions to operate uniformly. In this work, we systematically investigated as a function of temperature the performance of NIST 10 V PJVS chips employing Nb/NbxSi1-x/Nb superconducting junctions. Additionally, we addressed the major factors limiting the performance of a cryocooled PJVS: adequate attenuation of the coldhead temperature oscillations and the minimization thermal gradients between the chip and the cryocooler. Through the development of a robust and reproducible method for soldering chips to a Cu carrier (package), we increased the thermal conductances within the packaging to their practical maximum values. This, in addition to the incorporation of a passive two-stage thermal filter, allows us to confidently predict that the required cooling power for the successful cryogen-free operation of the NIST 10 V PJVS is ~ 0.5 W at 4 K.
A simple device to couple linear array transducers to neonate heads for ultrasonic scanning of the brain. (1980)

A plastisol coupler has been designed that improves acoustical coupling for linear array ultrasound transducers. This device improves both ease in scanning and image quality in real-time scanning of the infant brain.
Insulin resistance, not diabetes status, determines blood pressure in obese and type 2 diabetic patients (2004)

Hypertension is often considered to be a complication of type 2 diabetes, yet is often seen in the pre-diabetic state as a component of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dysglycemia versus insulin resistance was more closely linked to the vascular changes leading to hypertension. Twenty-eight adult subjects, representing a spectrum of blood pressures and insulin sensitivities, took part in this study. None of the subjects were on antihypertensive medication and the five subjects on anti-diabetic medication had this withdrawn prior to the study. Each subject underwent standardized measurement of blood pressure on two occassions, coincident with the measurement of insulin resistance via the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp as well as by the 13C-glucose breath test. The inter-relationships between insulin resistance, glycemia, blood pressure and demographic variables were then explored using ANOVA, ANCOVA, and various regression analyses. Although results showed a correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressures, adjustment for insulin sensitivity totally abolished this relationship. Similarly, there was no correlation between hepatic glucose output and blood pressure. On the other hand, there was a correlation between insulin resistance and blood pressures that was unaffected by blood glucose level. For example, mean arterial pressure correlated with insulin senstivity index from the insulin clamp with an r of −0.50 (p=.009). Generally, all measures of insulin resistance and all measures of blood pressure correlated to about this degree, at a similar level of statistical significance. Blood glucose did not influence these relationships in any substantive manner. Categorically, there was no difference in blood pressures between insulin resistant, non diabetic individuals and diabetic individuals, although their blood pressures were collectively higher than non-diabetic, non-insulin resistant individuals. After adjustment for insulin resistance, there was no difference in blood pressure between any of the study subjects regardless of clinical classification. Blood glucose did not affect categorical analyses. We concluded that insulin resistance is a much stronger determinant of vascular status, as measured by blood pressure, than is blood glucose. These results may help explain the increased cardiovascular risk prior to the onset of overt type 2 diabetes. Am J Hypertens (2004) 17, 32A–32A; doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.03.073
Battery Simulation Tool for Worst Case Analysis and Mission Evaluations (2017)

Saft recently designed, developed and qualified in the frame of Research and Development contract (GSTP-5) with the European Space Agency (ESA) three new VES16 batteries: 8S4P (4 parallel strings of 8 cells in series), 10S5P, 10S16P [ 1 ]. In order to guarantee the cells balancing (to avoid cell overcharge or over discharge during battery charge/discharge cycles), Saft introduced in parallel of each cell a simple electronic circuit called the Simplified Balancing System (SBS), which absorbs some current when a cell is close to its end of charge voltage.
Reverse Engineering Gene Regulatory Networks Related to Quorum Sensing in the Plant Pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum (2010)

The objective of the project reported in the present chapter was the reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks related to quorum sensing in the plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum from micorarray gene expression profiles, obtained from the wild-type and eight knockout strains. To this end, we have applied various recent methods from multivariate statistics and machine learning: graphical Gaussian models, sparse Bayesian regression, LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), Bayesian networks, and nested effects models. We have investigated the degree of similarity between the predictions obtained with the different approaches, and we have assessed the consistency of the reconstructed networks in terms of global topological network properties, based on the node degree distribution. The chapter concludes with a biological evaluation of the predicted network structures.
Effect of post deposition annealing on the hysteresis loops of sputtered NdFeB film (2004)

The authors explain the effect of post deposition annealing on sputtered NdFeB permanent magnets. Magnetisation, hysteresis loops and XRD patterns are obtained.
The Effect of Surface Modifications on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm Fibre PP Biocomposites (2012)

The aim of this work was to study the effect of chemical surface modifications on empty fruit bunch oil palm fibre/polypropylene composite properties. By FTIR spectra, propionylated fibre and PPgMA-modified fibre showed the presence of a carbonyl group of esters while vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated fibre showed a peak of silicate, confirming that the modifications were successful. PPgMAmodified fibre PP composite at fibre content 20% demonstrated the highest modulus of 0.71 GPa while the modulus of unmodified fibre PP composite was 0.56 GPa. By DSC analysis, PPgMA-modified fibre and vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated fibre PP composite at the same fibre content of 5% showed the highest crystallinity of 46% and 44% respectively whereas unmodified fibre PP composite showed a lower crystallinity of 38%. The DMTA analysis showed that after 60°C, the modified fibre PP composites exhibited a higher stiffness than pure polypropylene.
Current transport and microstructural development in BSCCO tapes and joints fabricated by groove rolling (2000)

The powder-in-tube technique, which includes wire drawing and rolling, has been widely used to fabricate superconducting tapes for possible electric power applications. In the present study the starting billet was reduced in size by groove rolling instead of by wire drawing. To optimize the deformation and thermomechanical treatment processes, BSCCO wires of various dimensions were fabricated. The wires were flat rolled to a final thickness of 250 µm. Short-length tapes were subjected to a series of thermal and deformation steps. Phase development and microstructural development during the process were monitored by XRD, SEM and TEM. Current transport properties of the tapes were determined in the temperature range of 20-77 K in self-field. Thermomechanical treatment resulted in tapes with average critical current densities of 18 000 A cm-2at 77 K. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed better texturing and grain structure at the superconductor-silver interface. Superconducting lap- and butt-joints have been formed by a chemical etching technique. Detailed microstructural and current transport properties of the joints have also been measured.
An application of the complex general linear model to analysis of fMRI single subjects multiple stimuli input data (2009)

The general linear model (GLM) has been extensively applied to fMRI data in the time domain. However, traditionally time series data can be analyzed in the Fourier domain where the assumptions made as to the noise in the signal can be less restrictive and statistical tests are mathematically more rigorous. A complex form of the GLM in the Fourier domain has been applied to the analysis of fMRI (BOLD) data. This methodology has a number of advantages over temporal methods: 1. Noise in the fMRI data is modeled more generally and closer to that actually seen in the data. 2. Any input function is allowed regardless of the timing. 3. Non-parametric estimation of the transfer functions at each voxel are possible. 4. Rigorous statistical inference of single subjects is possible. This is demonstrated in the analysis of an experimental design with random exponentially distributed stimulus inputs (a two way ANOVA design with input stimuli images of alcohol, non-alcohol beverage and positive or negative images) sampled at 400 milliseconds. This methodology applied to a pair of subjects showed precise and interesting results (e.g. alcoholic beverage images attenuate the response of negative images in an alcoholic as compared to a control subject).
ASK coherent optical communications systems: simplified analysis (1989)

We present a simple approximate analysis of ASK coherent optical communications systems and obtain, for the first time, a closed-form estimate of the bit error rate. The inaccuracy introduced by the approximate analysis is about 0.4 dB. The main application of the presented theory is expected to be in the analysis of practical imperfections (such as a finite IF filter bandwidth and a nonzero laser linewidth) on the system performance.
Hot rolling effects on as-cast aluminum matrix nanocomposites reinforced by nano-sized ceramic powders (2019)

In this study, aluminum matrix nanocomposites were produced by the semi-solid stir casting process. For this purpose, alumina and SiC nanocomposite superstructures were prepared using ball-milling of alumina and SiC nanopowders with micron-sized copper powders, respectively, to reinforce A356 aluminum alloy. In fact, copper powders were used as a carrier agent of ceramic nano-powders to increase their wettability by the semi-solid melt. Afterward, ascast nanocomposites were exposed to hot rolling process to find the effects of high temperature deformation on their microstructure and mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated that as-cast products contained various types of pores as well as cracks. Also, severe agglomeration of nanopowders was detected in the as-cast products, showing that the copper presence could not be completely effective to avoid agglomeration and poor wettability of nano ceramic powders. It was found that the hot rolling process reduced the amounts of pores and lead to a better dispersion of the nano ceramic clusters with improved mechanical properties for the hot-deformed products. In addition, it was also shown that the type of nano ceramics did not affect the performance of the hot rolling process.
Highly Anisotropic Molecular Materials for LCD (2000)

Abstract Two kinds of novel molecular materials with high optical anisotropy were synthesized and evaluated. Liquid crystalline phenylacetylene derivatives, which have mesogen of a 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene, not only showed high δn but also were stable for heating or light. Triphenodioxazine derivatives were highly dichroic in guest-host liquid crystal mixtures, where they also showed vivid color due to a sharp peak in absorption spectra. Hence, these molecules possibly improve visual performance of some reflection type liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
Removal of arsine by metal loaded g-Al2O3 adsorbents (2016)

The modified -Al 2 O 3 adsorbents were prepared by impregnation method has been studied for arsine (AsH 3 ) removal efficiency. The results show that -Al 2 O 3 modified with Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 (denoted as Cu/Al 2 O 3 ) is found to have markedly enhanced adsorption purification ability. In the adsorption purification process, the Cu 2+ impregnation concentration and calcination temperature are determined to be two crucial factors. The best breakthrough capacity was 28.9 mg AsH 3 /g Cu/Al 2 O 3 sorbent , which was prepared by calcining at 350C and the impregnation concentration of Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 was 0.15mol/L. According to the current study results, the -Al 2 O 3 impregnated with Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 promises a good candidate for AsH 3 adsorbent.
Correlation between x-ray diffraction patterns and strain distribution inside GaInP/GaAs superlattices (1994)

Strong correlation between x-ray diffraction characteristics and strain distribution inside GaInP/GaAs superlattices has been reported. It is found that the symmetry of (002) diffraction patterns can be used to evaluate the interface strain status. A sample with no interfacial strains has a symmetric (002) diffraction pattern and weak (004) diffraction pattern. It is also demonstrated that strain distribution in superlattices can be readily estimated qualitatively by analyzing x-ray diffraction patterns.
Advances in TR-XLPE insulation (1999)

TR-XLPE is widely accepted within North America as the MV power cable insulation material of choice due to its superior long-life performance and excellent value. Since the introduction of TR-XLPE in 1982, evolutionary and sometimes revolutionary improvements have been made by both the compound producer and cable manufacturer leading to enhanced cable performance and greater value to the power industry. For example, determined efforts by both compound producers and cable manufacturers over the past 20 years have led to dramatic improvements in compound and cable cleanliness and interface quality through advancements in contamination detection, compound production process, additive and resin quality, materials handling as well as in the cable manufacturing process with the advent of true-triple extrusion and dry cure crosslinking. These improvements have resulted in longer life cables based on accelerated wet electrical cable tests and as evidenced in actual field life. Most recently, TR-XLPE compound technology advances have resulted in a material that is easier for the cable manufacturer to process and somewhat easier for utilities to handle. Specific benefits of the recent advances include improved compound extrusion processability via enhanced scorch retardance and easier semicon strippability from the TR-XLPE, while maintaining the superior electrical performance that the industry has come to expect from TR-XLPE.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITIONS OF PROTEINS (1973)

Univariate and multivariate analyses are presented which give a descriptive statistical look at the amino acid compositions of proteins. Means, expressed in mole percent, and standard deviations are calculated using a sample of 207 proteins. The distributions of six of the 18 amino acids (Asp, Val, Met, Phe, Ile, and Leu) appear somewhat normal (Gaussian), whereas the distributions of the other 12 amino acids are judged by a chi‐squared test and the coefficients of kurtosis and skewness to not be normal. Principal component analysis has revealed the relationships among the amino acids to be quite complex: for example, to account for 70% of the variability in the data an eight dimensional space is needed. Several pairs of amino acids appear to have significant correlation coefficients, but most of the correlations do not have an obvious rationale in terms of the structures of the amino acids. The following pairs of protein sets have mean amino acid compositions that differ significantly, although no one amino acid accounts for the overall difference in any case: (eukaryotic enzymes, eukaryotic nonenzymes), (eukaryotic enzymes, prokaryotic enzymes) and (nonmicrobial enzymes, microbial enzymes).
Fever: Reciprocal Shift in Brain Sodium to Calcium Ratio as the Set-Point Temperature Rises (1972)

A bacterial pyrogen acts on the brain by disturbing the natural balance between two essential cations in the cerebral region involved in thermoregulation. After typhoid vaccine is administered to the unanesthetized cat, (45)Ca(2+) efflux into the third cerebral ventricle increases while (22)Na(+) is retained in hypothalamic tissue at the same time that the set-point temperature begins to rise. The subsequent rates of (22)Na(+) and (45)Ca(2+) efflux parallel the course of the bacterial fever but in a reciprocal fashion. This supports the theory that a change in the set-point temperature is determined by an alteration in the inherent ratio of Na(+) to Ca(2+) ions in the hypothalamus.
When breast cancer cells start to fend the educational process of NK cells off (2013)

The notion of natural killer (NK)-cell education has recently emerged, and accumulating evidence indicates that the terminal differentiation of NK cells can be achieved in the periphery. This means that the proper function of these lymphocytes is dependent on their environment, opening a new door through which cancer cells can escape immunosurveillance.