gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genes regulated by SATB2 during neurodevelopment contribute to schizophrenia and educational attainment (2018)

SATB2 is associated with schizophrenia and is an important transcription factor regulating neocortical organization and circuitry. Rare mutations in SATB2 cause a syndrome that includes developmental delay, and mouse studies identify an important role for SATB2 in learning and memory. Interacting partners BCL11B and GATAD2A are also schizophrenia risk genes indicating that other genes interacting with or are regulated by SATB2 are making a contribution to schizophrenia and cognition. We used data from Satb2 mouse models to generate three gene-sets that contain genes either functionally related to SATB2 or targeted by SATB2 at different stages of development. Each was tested for enrichment using the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets for schizophrenia and educational attainment (EA) and enrichment analysis was also performed for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders using data from rare variant sequencing studies. These SATB2 gene-sets were enriched for genes containing common variants associated with schizophrenia and EA, and were enriched for genes containing rare variants reported in studies of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. In the developing cortex, genes targeted by SATB2 based on ChIP-seq data, and functionally affected when SATB2 is not expressed based on differential expression analysis using RNA-seq data, show strong enrichment for genes associated with EA. For genes expressed in the hippocampus or at the synapse, those targeted by SATB2 are more strongly enriched for genes associated EA than gene-sets not targeted by SATB2. This study demonstrates that single gene findings from GWAS can provide important insights to pathobiological processes. In this case we find evidence that genes influenced by SATB2 and involved in synaptic transmission, axon guidance and formation of the corpus callosum are contributing to schizophrenia and cognition.
Structural Changes in Vulcanization of Buna-S (1946)

Abstract In conclusion, the data presented here indicate that two types of chemical reactions take place during the vulcanization of Buna-S stocks of a specific type: (1) a combination with sulfur, which may or may not involve the double bonds in the polymer, and which may be similar in character to the primary vulcanization reaction of natural rubber; (2) a second reaction, presumably polymerization, which accompanies the first and is related to and possibly initiated by it, and which continues on over cure.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐CLAVULONES (1984)

Abstract Die Racemate der Clavulone (VIII) und (IX) werden ausgehend von der Reaktion zwischen Cyclopentadien (I) und dem lodid (II) synthetisiert.
Nonlinear ion dynamics in Hall thruster plasma source by ion transit-time instability (2017)

International audience
Arginine 343 and 350 Are Two Active Site Residues Involved in Substrate Binding by Human Type I D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatase (1996)

The crucial role of two reactive arginyl residues within the substrate binding domain of human Type I D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) 5-phosphatase has been investigated by chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. Chemical modification of the enzyme by phenylglyoxal is accompanied by irreversible inhibition of enzymic activity. Our studies demonstrate that phenylglyoxal forms an enzyme-inhibitor complex and that the modification reaction is prevented in the presence of either Ins(1,4,5)P3, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4) or 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). Direct [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to the covalently modified enzyme is dramatically reduced. The stoichiometry of labeling with 14C-labeled phenylglyoxal is shown to be 2.1 mol of phenylglyoxal incorporated per mol of enzyme. A single [14C]phenylglyoxal-modified peptide is isolated following alpha-chymotrypsin proteolysis of the radiolabeled Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peptide sequence (i.e. M-N-T-R-C-P-A-W-C-D-R-I-L) corresponds to amino acids 340-352 of Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase. An estimate of the radioactivity of the different phenylthiohydantoin amino acid derivatives shows the modified amino acids to be Arg-343 and Arg-350. Furthermore, two mutant enzymes were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of the two arginyl residues to alanine, and both mutant enzymes have identical UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The two mutants (i.e. R343A and R350A) show increased Km values for Ins(l,4,5)P3 (10- and 15-fold, respectively) resulting in a dramatic loss in enzymic activity. In conclusion, we have directly identified two reactive arginyl residues as part of the active site of Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase. These results point out the crucial role for substrate recognition of a 10 amino acids-long sequence segment which is conserved among the primary structure of inositol and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases.
Lanthanide Salts as Corrosion Inhibitors for AA5083. Mechanism and Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibition (2008)

The inhibition effect of trivalent lanthanide (, ) cations toward the localized corrosion of 5083 aluminum alloy in chloride-containing solutions was investigated in the present work. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to estimate the inhibition efficiency of the lanthanide species under study. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy was used to provide deeper understanding of the corrosion and inhibition mechanisms at the micro level. The results of electrochemical tests demonstrate effective hindering of the localized corrosion attack due to precipitation of highly insoluble deposits on cathodic intermetallics. Trivalent lanthanum cations confer a more effective corrosion inhibition in comparison to that of . Superior inhibition of resulted from the formation of very dense hydroxide domes while cerium-based precipitates have a porous granulated structure.
Subpicosecond optical damaging of silica: time-resolved measurements of the light-induced damage threshold (2001)

We investigate damage of purified silica (transmission band down to 160 nm) by sub-ps light pulses having a wavelength of 795 nm. Illumination by 350 fs duration pulses focused by a high numerical aperture NA equals 1.35 microscope objective results in one of the lowest reported values for the single-shot bulk light-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 5 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, well below the critical self-focusing power in silica. We have also investigated peculiarities of damage by two coincident laser pulses (duration 440 fs) having power of about 0.5 x LIDT, and linearly cross-polarized to avoid interference effects. The reduction of LIDT in silica is demonstrated for an elevated lattice temperature T equals 400 K, at which the thermal linear/volume expansion coefficient has its maximum. Comparison between the LIDT values obtained from the numeric simulation and experiments demonstrates that the critical density of optically generated free carriers corresponding to LIDT n<SUB>cr</SUB> approximately equal to 10<SUP>21</SUP>cm<SUP>-3</SUP> is reached during the first half time of the laser pulse illumination (0.2ps).
Reproductive potential of individual male blue crabs,<i>Callinectes sapidus</i>, in a fished population: depletion and recovery of sperm number and seminal fluid (2001)

We evaluated the depletion and recovery rates of sperm number and vas deferens weight following mating for male Callinectes sapidus both below (<127 mm carapace width) and well above (>140 mm) the fishery size limit for hard crabs in Chesapeake Bay (127 mm). Large males had low sperm count and vas deferens weight immediately after mating and required approximately 920 days to fully recover. After mating, small males had significant reduction in sperm number despite no significant change in vas deferens weight. Furthermore, small males with completely recovered seminal stores had significantly lower vas deferens weight than fully recovered large males but did not differ significantly from large males in number of sperm. The changes in vas deferens weight and sperm count following experimental mating suggest that large males delivered 21 times as much seminal fluid and 2.25 times as much sperm as small males. Field collections in a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay revealed that the majority (5090%) of males had extremely low vas deferens weight relative to males with fully recovered sperm volume. Since the fishery targets males primarily, reducing both the number and average size of males in the population, many females may be mated with small or recently mated males that transfer less seminal material.
Thermal Balancing Policy for Multiprocessor Stream Computing Platforms (2009)

Die-temperature control to avoid hotspots is increasingly critical in multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) for stream computing. In this context, thermal balancing policies based on task migration are a promising approach to redistribute power dissipation and even out temperature gradients. Since stream computing applications require strict quality of service and timing constraints, the real-time performance impact of thermal balancing policies must be carefully evaluated. In this paper, we present the design of a lightweight thermal balancing policy MiGra, which bounds on-chip temperature gradients via task migration. The proposed policy exploits run-time temperature as well as workload information of streaming applications to define suitable run-time thermal migration patterns, which minimize the number of deadline misses. Furthermore, we have experimentally assessed the effectiveness of our thermal balancing policy using a complete field-programmable-gate-array-based emulation of an actual three-core MPSoC streaming platform coupled with a thermal simulator. Our results indicate that MiGra achieves significantly better thermal balancing than state-of-the-art thermal management solutions while keeping the number of migrations bounded.
Gene Expression Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens of Mood Disorders Subjects That Committed Suicide (2012)

Suicidal behaviors are frequent in mood disorders patients but only a subset of them ever complete suicide. Understanding predisposing factors for suicidal behaviors in high risk populations is of major importance for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviors. The objective of this project was to investigate gene expression changes associated with suicide in brains of mood disorder patients by microarrays (Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus2.0) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC: 6 Non-suicides, 15 suicides), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC: 6NS, 9S) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc: 8NS, 13S). ANCOVA was used to control for age, gender, pH and RNA degradation, with P ≤ 0.01 and fold change ± 1.25 as criteria for significance. Pathway analysis revealed serotonergic signaling alterations in the DLPFC and glucocorticoid signaling alterations in the ACC and NAcc. The gene with the lowest p-value in the DLPFC was the 5-HT2A gene, previously associated both with suicide and mood disorders. In the ACC 6 metallothionein genes were down-regulated in suicide (MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1X, MT2A) and three were down-regulated in the NAcc (MT1F, MT1G, MT1H). Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed by qPCR, we confirmed the 5-HT2A alterations and the global down-regulation of members of the metallothionein subfamilies MT 1 and 2 in suicide completers. MTs 1 and 2 are neuro-protective following stress and glucocorticoid stimulations, suggesting that in suicide victims neuroprotective response to stress and cortisol may be diminished. Our results thus suggest that suicide-specific expression changes in mood disorders involve both glucocorticoids regulated metallothioneins and serotonergic signaling in different regions of the brain.
Five-coordinate rhodium(III) complexes containing the novel TeF3 ligand (1991)

Tellurium tetrafluoride reacts at 195 K in CD2Cl2 with Rh(CO)X(PEt3)2[X = Cl, Br, NCS, NCO] to give the novel complexes [Rh(CO)X(PEt3)2(TeF3)+][TeF5–], which have been characterised by 19F, 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy; for X = Cl, Br and NCS the complexes are stable at ambient temperature but for X = NCO decomposition occurs at 215 K.
Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood: a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study (2021)

Obstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with the obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes.
New nanofabrication technique using overlay for 15-nm zone plate (2006)

Soft x-ray zone plate microscopy has proven to be a valuable imaging technique for nanoscale studies. It complements nano-analytic techniques such as electron and scanning probe microscopies, and offers a unique set of capabilities including high spatial resolution, natural elemental/chemical and magnetic sensitivities, large permissible sample thickness, and a myriad of in-situ sample environments. In this paper, a new zone plate fabrication technique based on overlaying complementary, semi-dense patterns is described. The new technique permits zone plates with sub-20 nm zones, which are extremely challenging for conventional fabrication processes, to be fabricated. With the new technique, zone plates of 15 nm outermost zone width were successfully fabricated for the first time, yielding a spatial resolution better than 15 nm. Zone plates of 10 nm outer zones, as well as 3-D zone plate structures, which cannot be fabricated using conventional zone plate fabrication processes, are anticipated with the overlay technique.
Micro flame-based detector suite for universal gas sensing. (2005)

A microflame-based detector suit has been developed for sensing of a broad range of chemical analytes. This detector combines calorimetry, flame ionization detection (FID), nitrogen-phosphorous detection (NPD) and flame photometric detection (FPD) modes into one convenient platform based on a microcombustor. The microcombustor consists in a micromachined microhotplate with a catalyst or low-work function material added to its surface. For the NPD mode a low work function material selectively ionizes chemical analytes; for all other modes a supported catalyst such as platinum/alumina is used. The microcombustor design permits rapid, efficient heating of the deposited film at low power. To perform calorimetric detection of analytes, the change in power required to maintain the resistive microhotplate heater at a constant temperature is measured. For FID and NPD modes, electrodes are placed around the microcombustor flame zone and an electrometer circuit measures the production of ions. For FPD, the flame zone is optically interrogated to search for light emission indicative of deexcitation of flame-produced analyte compounds. The calorimetric and FID modes respond generally to all hydrocarbons, while sulfur compounds only alarm in the calorimetric mode, providing speciation. The NPD mode provides 10,000:1 selectivity of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds over hydrocarbons. The FPD can distinguish between sulfur and phosphorous compounds. Importantly all detection modes can be established on one convenient microcombustor platform, in fact the calorimetric, FID and FPD modes can be achieved simultaneously on only one microcombustor. Therefore, it is possible to make a very universal chemical detector array with as little as two microcombustor elements. A demonstration of the performance of the microcombustor in each of the detection modes is provided herein.
The 6‐year attendance of a multidisciplinary prostate cancer clinic in Italy: incidence of management changes (2012)

The multidisciplinary approach needs to be adaptable to meet new needs and improve quality. • Our experience has proved successful for both physicians and patients. The team agrees on strategies; complex cases are managed by a multidisciplinary team; dedicated psychologists contribute their knowledge and perspectives; and patients report the feeling of being cared for.
Determination of the Solubility of Silver Bromide in Nitric Acid Solution Using Radiobromine. (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the Solubility of Silver Bromide in Nitric Acid Solution Using Radiobromine.Roswell Ruka and J. E. WillardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1949, 53, 3, 351–357Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/j150468a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (469 KB) Get e-Alerts
The reaction of methane and oxygen sensitized by nitrogen peroxide. Part I—Thermal ignition (1934)

Abstract Nitrogen peroxide has been shown to be effective in lowering the ignition temperature of several gases in air. Dixon found that 1% nitrogen peroxide gave a maximum lowering of the ignition temperature of methane in air, whilst only a trace of the peroxide lowered the ignition temperature of hydrogen in oxygen by as much as 200°C. This effect in the hydrogen-oxygen reaction has been studied by Dixon, Hinshelwood, and their co-workers, and by Norrish and Griffiths, and in the carbon monoxide-oxygen reaction by Semenoff. Gibson and Hinshelwood and Thompson and Hinshelwood working with hydrogen-oxygen mixtures found that over a wide range of temperature there are two pressures of nitrogen peroxide between which there is an explosion and above and below which there is a very slow reaction. Thus for small increasing pressures of nitrogen peroxide the reaction is catalysed, but beyond a certain concentration the nitrogen peroxide acts as an anti-catalyst; consequently the graph of ignition temperature against pressure of nitrogen peroxide showed a minimum. The catalytic effect was explained by Thompson and Hinshelwood as due to the initiation of chains by reaction between molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen peroxide to give ultimately activated molecules of hydrogen peroxide and branching chains leading to explosion; the inhibition was explained as being due to the breaking of the chains by the deactivation of the hydrogen peroxide molecules by collision with nitrogen peroxide molecules.
Surface-texturing of sapphire by femtosecond laser pulses for photonic applications (2010)

We demonstrate that F+ centres (oxygen vacancy with a trapped electron) are induced by femtosecond laser scribing of a crystalline Al2O3 wafer and that they can be fully annealed at 1100 degrees C. The corresponding photoluminescence band at 325 nm which is induced by the femto second laser structuring of a sapphire surface is extinct after heat treatment. Thermal activation of oxygen diffusion in sapphire can explain the observation. The potential of pre-textured sapphire in lighting and micro-optical applications is discussed.
Shoot emergence of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as affected by time of lifting, storage, size, and type of planting pieces (1996)

Antigen-specific T cell blasts to poly-18, a polypeptide antigen of defined sequence and conformation, were generated from lymph nodes of antigen-primed BALB/cCr mice. These blasts were fused with the BW5147 thymoma to obtain anti-poly-18-reactive T cell hybridomas. All of the hybridomas were IAd-restricted and secreted IL2 in the presence of IAd/poly-18. On the basis of fine specificity analysis, these hybridomas were classified into two groups. Group A hybridomas recognized a minimal peptide sequence of Glu-Tyr-Lys-(Glu-Tyr-Ala)3-Glu-Tyr-Lys, whereas Group B needed the sequence Glu-Tyr-Ala-(Glu-Tyr-Ala)3-Glu-Tyr-Lys/Ala for activation. Three critical residues were identified in Group A hybridomas: the alanine residue at position 9, the carboxy terminal lysine, and the lysine at position 3. In Group B hybridomas, the alanine at position 3 was found to be the critical residue. We suggest that the amino acid residue at position 3 (lysine/alanine) is the T cell receptor contact residue on the poly-18 antigen in BALB/cCr mice.
Early outcome results of a phase I/II study for an IL-2/T-cell receptor fusion protein in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. (2012)

e15010 Background: ALT-801 is a human IL-2/single-chain T-cell receptor fusion protein previously tested in a phase 1 in patients with advanced malignancy (Fishman 2011 CCR 17:7765) (CA097550). In various murine models, ALT-801 demonstrated potent activity against syngeneic and xenograft UC, suggesting sensitivity of this disease to IL-2 based immunotherapy (Wong, unpubl. data.). Although UC are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, combinations such as gemcitabine (G) + cisplatin (C) are associated with CR rates of around 15%, and limited durability of responses with limited effects of retreatment. Methods: We report here initial efficacy results of co-administration of G (1000 mg/m 2 /dose, d 1 & 8), C (70 mg/m 2 /dose, d 1) and ALT-801 (escalating doses, d 3, 5, 8, 10) on a 21 day schedule, for 3 cycles, in patients with UC that was locally advanced, or metastatic, for whom GC chemotherapy would be considered. ALT-801 planned doses are 0.04 to 0.12 mg/kg/dose in 5 dose cohorts with a 3+3 escalation design. Subjects with at least stable disease after 3 courses may receive 4 additional weekly doses of ALT-801 alone. Results: To date, three Stage IV UC patients (1F, 2M; 59-63 yrs; 2 patients had predominantly nodal metastases and one patient liver metastases) completed treatment with 0.04 mg/kg ALT-801+GC. Two had previously undergone radical cystectomy and had then later failed following GC treatment. Grade 3/4 toxicities observed include neutropenia (2), thrombocytopenia (2), leukopenia (1), lymphopenia (1) and anemia (1), consistent with GC and ALT-801 known pharmacodynamic effects. All 3 had radiological CRs by week 13. One patient underwent radical cystectomy had a pCR. The next (0.06 mg/kg/dose) cohort has started treatment. A phase II expansion cohort is planned at the MTD. Conclusions: The early response pattern is encouraging in that ALT-801 may be a novel, active immunotherapy for UC. NCT01326871