gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminative training on language model (2000)

Statistical language models have been successfully applied to a lot of problems, including speech recognition, handwriting, Chinese pinyin-input etc. In recognition, statistical language model, such as trigram, is used to provide adequate information to predict the probabilities of hypothesized word sequences. The traditional method relying on distribution estimation are sub-optimal when the assumed distribution form is not the true one, and that “optimality” in distribution estimation does not automatically translate into “optimality” in classifier design. This paper proposed a discriminative training method to minimize the error rate of recognizer rather than estimate the distribution of training data. Furthermore, lexicon is also optimized to minimize the error rate of the decoder through discriminative training. Compared to the traditional LM building method, our systems gets approximately 5%-25% recognition error reduction with discriminative training on language model building.
Antimicrobial Flavonoid Rutin from Pteris Vittata L. Against Pathogenic Gastrointestinal Microflora (2008)

Pteris vittata, commonly known as ‘Brake Fern’, is a relatively uninvestigated species as far as antimicrobial activity is concerned. Different aqueous methanolic (70, 80, and 90%) extracts of P. vittata were tested for the growth of eight intestinal microorganisms, by using disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods as recommended by NCCLS. The 70% aqueous methanolic extract showed potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Total phenol content of the plant showed a substantial amount of phenols (0.97%); in addition the flavonoid rutin was identified by HPLC and MS. The present investigation is the first biological report in fern species P. vittata ascertaining the antimicrobial activity; the antimicrobial activity of rutin against the above microorganisms has also been shown.
Fast B4B: Fast BFT for Blockchains (2021)

Low latency is one of the desired properties for partially synchronous Byzantine consensus protocols. Previous protocols have achieved consensus with just two communication steps either by reducing the bound on the number of faults the protocol can tolerate ($f \leq \frac{n-1}{5}$) or use of trusted hardware like Trusted Execution Environment or TEEs. In this paper, we propose a protocol called Fast B4B, in which the protocol achieves consensus in just two communication steps. Fast B4B can tolerate maximum number of faults a partial BFT consensus can tolerate ($f \leq \frac{n-1}{3}$). Furthermore, Fast B4B does not require the use of any trusted hardware. The trade-off for this achievement is that at most $f$ times some nodes may revert their blocks. We show that this reversion of a block will not compromise the safety of the protocol at all, yet it may incur a small amount of additional latency during view change.
TV IF Amplifier with Improved Synchronous Detection (1974)

In this report the causes for luminance dependent distortions which are produced from the detection of television signals will be discussed and possibilities for improvement will be shown. Due to the availability of measurement equipment all test are performed in the CCIR-standard. The result can unconditionally be transferred to the NTSC-standard.
MATRIX ORGANIZATION: A SOCIAL EXPERIMENT. (1986)

A social experiment was used to assess the effects of matrix structure on organizational processes, role perceptions, and work attitudes. Tests of hypotheses employed a nonequivalent control group ...
Direct photofabrication of refractive-index-modulated multimode optical waveguide using photosensitive sol-gel hybrid materials (2005)

Photosensitive sol-gel hybrid materials (hybrimers) exhibited a thick film property, an efficient refractive index tunability through the control of their compositions, and a high photosensitivity upon UV exposure. The materials were used for the direct photofabrication of the multimode optical waveguide (MOW) with a large core structure. Due to the outstanding optical properties of these materials, problems and complexities associated with the fabrication of MOW could be overcome, and a MOW with good propagation performance could be easily fabricated. Importantly, a propagation loss of as low as 0.13dBcm−1 at 850nm could be obtained.
Personalising web page presentation for older people (2006)

Journal Article Personalising web page presentation for older people Get access S.H. Kurniawan, S.H. Kurniawan * School of Informatics, the University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 161 306 8929; fax: +44 161 306 1281. E-mail addresses:s.kurniawan@manchester.ac.uk (S.H. Kurniawan), a.king@manchester.ac.uk (A. King), david.g.evans@manchester.ac.uk (D.G. Evans), p.blenkhorn@manchester.ac.uk (P.L. Blenkhorn). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. King, A. King School of Informatics, the University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.G. Evans, D.G. Evans School of Informatics, the University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.L. Blenkhorn P.L. Blenkhorn School of Informatics, the University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 18, Issue 3, May 2006, Pages 457–477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2005.11.006 Published: 04 January 2006
A Snowplow Steering Guidance System Using Roadway Markers - Problem Formulation and Solution Concept (1999)

Acquisition and utilization of lateral guidance information is crucial for steering a vehicle. With practice, human drivers have performed this function quite successfully using visual perception and hand -eye coordination. However, this seemingly simple task becomes difficult when the visual information loses its clarity. Driving a snowplow during whiteout conditions is one such example. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the snow removal operation, a supplemental guidance display was proposed and instrumented in a Caltrans (California Department of Transportation) snowplow. The guidance information was calculated based on the magnetic markers embedded in the roadway. Operations for the steering guidance system were successfully conducted on a 6.25 km freeway over Donner Summit on Interstate 80 in California during the 1998–1999 winter season. The key to this success was a transformation of the guidance display problem into a control problem. This paper describes the problem formulation and the solution concept for this steering guidance system.
Radical Chain Reactions of α-Azido-β-keto Esters with Tributyltin Hydride. A Novel Entry to Amides and Lactams through Regiospecific Nitrogen Insertion (1999)

A variety of acyclic and carbocyclic α-azido-β-keto esters have been readily prepared from the parent dicarbonyl compounds, and their radical chain reactions with tributyltin hydride have been investigated. These reactions normally result in efficient production of alkoxycarbonyl-substituted amides and lactams and thence provide a new, useful method for regiospecific nitrogen insertion of keto ester compounds. The likely mechanism entails initial addition of tributylstannyl radical to the azido moiety to give a stannylaminyl radical, which readily undergoes intramolecular three-membered cyclization onto the ketone group to form an alkoxyl radical. The alkoxyl radical then undergoes regiospecific β-scission to form a stable ring-opened radical that is eventually reduced by tributyltin hydride to propagate the chain. With certain substrates, concomitant deazidation occurs to an important extent. This process, which is unusually observed in radical reactions of alkyl azides, is ascribed to addition of the stannyl radical to the terminal azido nitrogen; subsequent fragmentation of the ensuing 1,3-triazenyl adduct gives stannyl azide and a deazidated alkyl radical, resonance-stabilized by the adjacent carbonyl groups. The radical reactions of 2-azido-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-l-tetralone with allyltributylstannane and allyltriphenylstannane have also been investigated with the (missed) aim to achieve nitrogen insertion and concomitant allylation.
Tumour‐derived exosomes as antigen delivery carriers in dendritic cell‐based immunotherapy for malignant mesothelioma (2013)

In this study, we showed that DC immunotherapy loaded with tumour exosomes derived from non-immunogenic tumours improved survival of tumour bearing mice.
Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities: A Comparison of Rehabilitation Nurses, Occupational Therapists, and Physical Therapists (1998)

This descriptive study was designed to explore the attitudes of rehabilitation nurses, occupational therapists, and physical therapists toward people with disabilities. Attitudes were measured by using the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale, Form B (ATDP-B). The sample included 150 rehabilitation nurses, 57 occupational therapists, and 43 physical therapists in southeast Texas. Findings suggest that the majority (67%) of the healthcare professionals had positive attitudes toward people with disabilities. Occupational therapists had significantly higher scores than the rehabilitation nurses and physical therapists. Practice setting, age, educational level, and amount of experience had no significant effect on attitude scores. ATDP-B scores tended to increase with work experience, but not to a statistically significant degree. An analysis of the rehabilitation nurses' attitude scores showed that practice setting, age, and educational level had no significant effect. Experience seemed to be correlated with higher attitude scores, although the relationship was not statistically significant.
Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy in Preeclampsia on Levels of Serum lnterleukin-4 (1996)

We investigated the effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum levels of interleukin-4 using InterTest-4 ELISA in 25 preeclamptic women; 14 were placed on treatment, while 11 were not. Comparison was made with 14 non-preeclamptic pregnant controls. Interleukin-4 levels were significantly lower in the controls than in the treated preeclamptic women (p < 0.001): 68.6 +/- 10.9 versus 106.1 +/- 13.2, 64.7 +/- 9.6 versus 119.8 +/- 11.4, 90.2 +/- 9.1 versus 124.3 +/- 15.7, and 65.6 +/- 3.6 versus 109.7 +/- 11.4 pg/ml, during antepartum, early intrapartum, late intrapartum and postpartum periods, respectively. No significant differences were detected between the therapy and no therapy subgroups (p > 0.05). This shows that antihypertensive therapy has no effect on interleukin-4 levels.
In Vitro Activities of the Glycylcycline GAR-936 against Gram-Positive Bacteria (2000)

The in vitro activities of GAR-936, the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline, were compared with those of doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline against 527 gram-positive clinical isolates. GAR-936 inhibited all strains, including those resistant to other tetracyclines, at concentrations of </=2 microg/ml, except two strains of JK diphtheroids for which the MIC was 4 microg/ml.
FLUIDS IN LOW TEMPERATURE THERMODYNAMIC POWER CYCLES (2013)

International audience
Engineering Self-Adaptive Software Systems – An Organized Tour (2018)

Engineering software that is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to anticipate before deployment is challenging. Self-adaptation extends a software system with an external feedback loop system that monitors the system and adapts its configuration or architecture to ensure that its qualities are met under uncertain operating conditions. In this tutorial, we provide a particular perspective on the evolution of the field of selfadaptation in six waves. These waves put complementary aspects of engineering self-adaptive systems in focus that synergetically have contributed to the current body of knowledge in the field.
A New Spectroscopic Source Unit* (1943)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. F. Hasler and H. W. Dietert, "A New Spectroscopic Source Unit*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 33, 218-228 (1943) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Critical Juncture II: 1956 Election and the Premiership of S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike (2003)

The year 1956 is pivotal in the ethnic politics of Sri Lanka. It is the year in which ethnic chauvinism was first employed by a political party to contest and win a general election and to form a national government. In the past, ethnic sentiments had been stirred and harnessed by politicians, but by and large, ethnic chauvinism was either an unstated element in elections or a relatively insignificant sideshow.’ This changed in 1956 with the campaign and election of S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike and his SLFP in an electoral coalition called the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP). The election politicized issues which continue to resonate, antagonize and mobilize today: the ‘rehabilitation and restoration’ of Buddhism to a pre-eminent position in society; the use of the indigenous Sinhala language; and the fostering of Sinhalese national identity by the state.
Electronic states of graphene nanoribbons studied with the Dirac equation (2006)

We study the electronic states of narrow graphene ribbons (``nanoribbons'') with zigzag and armchair edges. The finite width of these systems breaks the spectrum into an infinite set of bands, which we demonstrate can be quantitatively understood using the Dirac equation with appropriate boundary conditions. For the zigzag nanoribbon we demonstrate that the boundary condition allows a particlelike and a holelike band with evanescent wave functions confined to the surfaces, which continuously turn into the well-known zero energy surface states as the width gets large. For armchair edges, we show that the boundary condition leads to admixing of valley states, and the band structure is metallic when the width of the sample in lattice constant units has the form $3M+1$, with $M$ an integer, and insulating otherwise. A comparison of the wave functions and energies from tight-binding calculations and solutions of the Dirac equations yields quantitative agreement for all but the narrowest ribbons.
Pathophysiology of sepsis (2002)

The roles of inflammation and coagulation in the pathophysiology of sepsis are described. Sepsis results when an infectious insult triggers a localized inflammatory reaction that then spills over to cause systemic symptoms of fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and either leukocytosis or leukopenia. These clinical symptoms are called the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Severe sepsis is defined by dysfunction of one of the major organ systems or unexplained metabolic acidosis. The inflammatory reaction is mediated by the release of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins, and prostaglandins, from neutrophils and macrophages. The cytokines activate the extrinsic coagulation cascade and inhibit fibrinolysis. These overlapping processes result in microvascular thrombosis; thrombosis is one potential factor producing organ dysfunction. Activation of the coagulation system leads to consumption of endogenous anticoagulants (e.g., protein C and antithrombin); this may be an important factor in the development of microvascular coagulation. Antiinflammatory mediators as well as inflammatory mediators have a role in sepsis, and an excess of either can result in poor patient outcomes. Sepsis is a complex syndrome involving activation of a variety of systems.
Mikrostruktur und magnetische Eigenschaften von CoFe- Ein- und CoFe-/SiO2-Viellagenschichten (2002)

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Beschichtungsparameter auf die Textur, den Eigenspannungszustand und die Mikrostruktur von RF-Magnetron gesputterten CoFe-Einlagen- und CoFe-/SiO2-Viellagenschichten mit Hilfe röntgenographischer Methoden systematisch untersucht. Dabei werden Zusammenhänge zwischen Textur und Eigenspannungszustand in den CoFe-Schichten und den magnetischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Sättigungsmagnetisierung und Koerzitivfeldstärke, aufgezeigt. Für die Untersuchung der Schichtrauhigkeiten, Schichtdicken und der Dichte der einzelnen Schichten kommt die Reflektometrie mit Synchrotronstrahlung zum Einsatz, so dass die Schichtparameter auch für hohe Eindringtiefen ermittelt werden können. Begleitend werden für die Untersuchungen der Oberfläche elektronenmikroskopische Verfahren eingesetzt. Die Textur- und Eigenspannungsanalysen erfolgten zerstörungsfrei mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher Beugungsmethoden. Neben dem ?sin2y?-Verfahren werden zur Untersuchung der dünnen magnetischen Schichten spezielle Analyseverfahren zur Bestimmung der Eigenspannungsgradienten eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen dokumentieren, dass die Ausbildung der Textur bzw. des Spannungszustandes in den Schichten eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von den Beschichtungsparametern aufweisen. Die Mikrostruktur der Schichten wird dagegen maßgeblich durch die Ausbildung der Textur und somit nur indirekt durch die Beschichtungsparameter beeinflusst. Auch die Textur beeinflusst die magnetischen Eigenschaften der Ein- und Viellagenschichten infolge der Richtungsabhängigkeit der magnetischen Konstanten. Aufgrund der Verknüpfung der magnetischen Eigenschaften mit den elastischen Konstanten über den Effekt der Magnetostriktion ergibt sich ein starker Einfluss der Eigenspannungen auf die magnetischen Eigenschaften. Analysen der Mikrostruktur, der Textur und der Eigenspannungen, welche die Abhängigkeit dieser Größen vom Beschichtungsprozess darstellen, sind daher zur Optimierung der magnetischen Charakteristika, insbesondere des Koerzitivfeldes, der Remanenz und der Sättigungsmagnetisierung dünner magnetischer Schichten, besonders geeignet.
Fasting plasma glucose in non‐diabetic elderly women predicts increased all‐causes mortality and coronary heart disease risk (2000)

Fasting plasma glucose levels in the upper normal range in non-diabetic elderly subjects appear to be associated with increased all-causes mortality and CHD, especially in women.
Smart wireless healthcare monitoring for drivers community (2014)

Smart healthcare monitoring systems have been given more attention in recent research efforts as they are not only used for patients but also recommended for old age people, sports persons, drivers' community and home makers. For example, smart healthcare support is introduced in some expensive cars like Mercedes-Benz. In developing countries like India, some road accidents may happen due to driver's poor health condition like heart stroke while driving, over stress due to continuous work, etc. Hence, if a smart healthcare monitoring system is available at an affordable cost, it can be used for drivers' community to take some preventive measures, thus road accidents may be reduced. In this work, a healthcare monitoring system is designed to monitor the health status periodically and abnormal values are informed to both transport office and healthcare provider. The primary function of the system is to monitor a driver's physiological parameters such as, pulse rate, body temperature, etc., using sensors and transferred to a Smartphone using Bluetooth communication. Then, the proposed healthcare application in a Smartphone verifies the criticality. If there is any significant difference with normal value details are communicated to both healthcare service providers and transport office via cellular networks. Healthcare professionals take necessary action using ambulance service and Transport Corporation ensures driver's health status or arranges an alternative driver. The proposed system prototype is implemented and tested in our Network Lab.
Multipredictor modelling with application to chaotic signals (1993)

The use of multipredictor models (MPMs) in the time series modeling of chaotic signals is investigated. The relation between MPMs and iterated function systems (IFSs) coupled with the ability of IFSs to generate chaotic systems motivates this approach. Emphasis is placed on two forms of MPM. The first MPM models the chaotic dynamic by way of a codebook of predictors, with both linear and nonlinear predictors discussed. It is shown how a dynamic neighborhood function can be used to improve this modeling. The second MPM can be interpreted as a predictive extension of a hidden Markov model and directly parametrized by a segmental k-means algorithm. The forms of dynamical system for which these models are best suited are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacological Modulation of Sphingolipids and Role in Disease and Cancer Cell Biology (2007)

Sphingolipids comprise a family of bioactive lipids that exert antagonizing roles in diverse cellular functions such as cell proliferation, growth arrest or apoptosis. Synthesized in the ER/Golgi, sphingolipids are subsequently distributed to different compartments, most predominantly in the plasma membrane, where they integrate signaling platforms. In addition to its precursor role in the synthesis of complex glycosphingolipids, ceramide has been identified as a cell death effector and its generation increases in response to apoptotic stimuli including stress, radiation, chemotherapy, and death ligands. In contrast, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been mainly characterized as an antiapoptotic sphingolipid mediating cell proliferation and survival. Thus, the relative balance between ceramide and SIP has important implications in disease pathogenesis, and therefore the pharmacological modulation of enzymes involved in regulation of the ceramide to SIP ratio could constitute a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of human diseases and cancer.
Effects of PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) on morphological characters of Lens culinaris Medic. (2009)

An experiment was conducted during winter seasons on morphological characters of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) enoculated with PSB. PSB (10gm, 20gm and 30gm) in 2Kg of soil and one control. In variety NDL-92 with the application of PSB plant height/plant increases from control. In JL-3 variety plant Height/Plant increases with the treatment of PSB as compared to control number of Branches/Plant in NDL-92 variety increases with the inoculation of PSB and in control number of Branches/Plant are less than of JL-3 variety with the increase of PSB number of Branches per plant increase as compared to control. Number of Flowers per plant is more in both variety JL-3 and NDL-92 inoculated with PSB as compared to control. Number of Pods per plant are more in both varieties JL-3 and NDL-92 inoculated as compared to control. Dry weight/plant is more in inoculated JL-3 and NDL-92 plants as compared to control.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i> Toxin as a Confounding Factor in Enterovirus Isolation (1980)

A peculiar cytotoxic effect, occasionally encountered in the course of inoculating cell cultures with fecal specimens for routine enterovirus isolation attempts, was shown to be produced by Clostridium difficile toxin.
Tunable add/drop optical filter providing arbitrary channel arrangements (1995)

A novel add/drop optical filter providing arbitrary channel arrangements between two input wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals and two output WDM signals is presented. This device can have useful applications in WDM optical communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>