gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Postsynaptic Architecture of Excitatory Synapses: A More Quantitative View (2007)

Excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses in the mammalian brain are usually situated on dendritic spines, a postsynaptic microcompartment that also harbors organelles involved in protein synthesis, membrane trafficking, and calcium metabolism. The postsynaptic membrane contains a high concentration of glutamate receptors, associated signaling proteins, and cytoskeletal elements, all assembled by a variety of scaffold proteins into an organized structure called the postsynaptic density (PSD). A complex machine made of hundreds of distinct proteins, the PSD dynamically changes its structure and composition during development and in response to synaptic activity. The molecular size of the PSD and the stoichiometry of many major constituents have been recently measured. The structures of some intact PSD proteins, as well as the spatial arrangement of several proteins within the PSD, have been determined at low resolution by electron microscopy. On the basis of such studies, a more quantitative and geometrically realistic view of PSD architecture is emerging.
Grey-level Images An Algebraic Approach Through Compact Polynomials (2005)

This paper describes an algebraic approach to the representation, interpretstion and manipulation of grey-level images. The set of all grey-level images can be viewed as commutative monoids under appropriately defined addition and multiplication operations. A polynomial architecture in 2 variables can thus be formed for grey-scale imagery. Spe- cific polynomial operators are examined and examples given for contour description.
Humic substance extraction from leonardite, lignite Mae Mho Mine by base-acid treatment process (2017)

Humic substance (HS) is very important for soil agriculture that affects physical and chemical properties and improves soil fertility. Humic substances are complex mixtures of polydispersed materials formed by biochemical and chemical reactions during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains. Humic substances were extracted from leonardite of lignite Mae Mho Mine in Lampang province by using base-acid treatment and centrifugation. This research studied the effect of time and temperature in base treatment process and the effect of soils particle size. The humic substance which contain humin, humic acid (HAs) and fulvic acid (FAs) were extracted by base-acid treatment. Firstly, soil sample were stirred in base solution and precipitated by centrifugation. The humin precipitate that the fraction is not soluble in water at any pH value was dried at 90 o C. Then, the soluble(HAs and FAs) were pH adjusted to 2 by using 3M HCl and stirred in room temperature The humic fraction precipitate were separated by centrifugation and was dried at 90 o C. The soluble was pH adjusted to 4-5 and settled for 24 hr. The fulvic acid precipitate was dried at 90 o C. Humic substances were studied for element analysis and chemical structure by FT-IR and CHNO. The yields of humic acid were increased at the increase of soils particle size and base reaction time.
Injection Electroluminescence in (Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>)As Diodes of Graded Energy Gap (1966)

p-n junction diodes were made from AlAs-GaAs mixed crystals of graded composition (energy gap). The energy gap vs composition was determined from measurements of the diode band-edge emission peaks vs electron microprobe analysis of p-n junction composition. A linear energy-gap variation was observed throughout the composition range 0–0.45 mole fraction AlAs. Measurements of the injection-current dependence and the temperature dependence of the emission spectra of these diodes, interpreted according to a simple model of injection electroluminescence, indicate that the AlAs-GaAs mixed crystals are of direct band nature to at least 0.25 mole fraction of AlAs. Diodes of 0.40–0.45 mole fraction AlAs junction composition, i.e., in the vicinity of the ``direct-indirect'' crossover, produced emission which requires more complex analysis.
Bottlenecks in the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV1) to naïve pigs and the quasi-species variation of the virus during infection in vaccinated pigs (2018)

This paper describes the results of two experiments regarding porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV1): the first one studied the existence of bottlenecks in an experimental one-to-one model of transmission in pigs; while the second analysed the differences between viral quasi-species in vaccinated pigs that developed shorter or longer viraemias after natural challenge. Serum samples, as well as the initial inoculum, were deep-sequenced and a viral quasi-species was constructed per sample. For the first experiment, the results consistently reported a reduction in the quasi-species diversity after a transmission event, pointing to the existence of bottlenecks during PRRSV1 transmission. However, despite the identified preferred and un-preferred transmitted variants not being randomly distributed along the virus genome, it was not possible to identify any variant producing a structural change in any viral protein. In contrast, the mutations identified in GP2, nsp9 and M of the second experiment pointed to changes in the amino acid charges and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase structure. The fact that the affected proteins are known targets of the immunity against PRRSV, plus the differential level of neutralizing antibodies present in pigs developing short or long viraemias, suggests that the immune response selected those changes.
Biomarkers for breast cancer. (2002)

Molecular biomarkers for breast cancer are of several types. Risk biomarkers are those associated with increased cancer risk and include mammographic abnormalities, proliferative breast disease with or without atypia, family clustering and inherited germ-line abnormalities. Surrogate endpoint biomarkers are tissue, cellular or molecular alterations that occur between cancer initiation and progression. These biomarkers are utilized as endpoints in short-term chemoprevention trials. Prognostic biomarkers provide information regarding outcome irrespective of therapy, while predictive biomarkers provide information regarding response to therapy. Candidate prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer include elevated proliferation indices such as Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); ER and PR overexpression; markers of oncogene overexpression such as c-erbB-2, TGF-a and EGFr; indicators of apoptotic imbalance including overexpression of bcl-2 and an increased bax/bcl-2 ratio; markers of disordered cell signaling such as p53 nuclear protein accumulation; alteration of differentiation signals such as overexpression of c-myc and related proteins; loss of differentiation markers such as TGF-b II receptor and retinoic acid receptor; and alteration of angiogenesis proteins such as VEGF overexpression. As our knowledge regarding molecular biomarkers for breast cancer increases, prognostic indices will be developed that combine the predictive power of individual molecular biomarkers with specific clinical and pathologic factors.
Managing Resource Limitation of Best-Effort HTM (2017)

The first release of hardware transactional memory (HTM) as commodity processor posed the question of how to efficiently handle its best-effort nature. In this paper we present Part-HTM, a hybrid transactional memory protocol that solves the problem of transactions aborted due to the resource limitations (space/time) of current best-effort HTM. The basic idea of Part-HTM is to partition those transactions into multiple sub-transactions, which can likely be committed in hardware. Due to the eager nature of HTM, we designed a low-overhead software framework to preserve transaction's correctness (with and without opacity) and isolation. Part-HTM is effective: our evaluation study confirms that its performance is the best in all tested cases, except for those where HTM cannot be outperformed. However, in such a workload, Part-HTM still performs better than all other software and hybrid competitors.
High Levels of Plasmodium falciparum Rosetting in All Clinical Forms of Severe Malaria in African Children (2009)

Plasmodium falciparum rosetting (the spontaneous binding of infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes) is a well-recognized parasite virulence factor. However, it is currently unclear whether rosetting is associated with all clinical forms of severe malaria, or only with specific syndromes such as cerebral malaria. We investigated the relationship between rosetting and clinical malaria in 209 Malian children enrolled in a case-control study of severe malaria. Rosetting was significantly higher in parasite isolates from severe malaria cases compared with non-severe hyperparasitemia and uncomplicated malaria controls (F(2,117) = 8.15, P < 0.001). Analysis of sub-categories of severe malaria (unrousable coma, severe anemia, non-comatose neurological impairment, repeated seizures or a small heterogeneous group with signs of renal failure or jaundice) showed high levels of rosetting in all sub-categories, and no statistically significant differences in rosetting between sub-categories (F(4,67) = 1.28, P = 0.28). Thus rosetting may contribute to the pathogenesis of all severe malaria syndromes in African children, and interventions to disrupt rosetting could be potential adjunctive therapies for all forms of severe malaria in Africa.
Performance measurement in strategic change (1995)

Performance measures form an important feedback-loop in strategic change which represents a process of constant learning. However,complete learning can only be achieved if a performance measurement system takes into account different value systems that exist within an organization and adapts dynamically to changes in the competitive environment. First establishes the role that performance measures play in the process of strategic change. An approach for the design of performance measurement systems for use in strategy evaluation and implementation is then presented. Finally, demonstrates the ways in which a performance measurement system can be made flexible to account for changing conditions.
SEPARATION of EGG YOLK PROTEINS and LIPIDS WITH CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (1992)

A process was developed to separate proteins and lipids from egg yolk using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions with the intent of maintaining the pro teins near tneir native state. the process produced pure globulins (γ-livetins), concentrated total lipids present in yolk plasma into a semi-solid fraction, and yielded a subnatant containing about 68% proteins with a yield of 111 mg/g egg yolk. the method required no pH adjustment and took less centrijugation time as compared to other methods for egg yolk globulin separation. Total lipids of yolk plasma were recovered from the supernatant fraction by hexane-isopropanol (HIP) extraction. the protein residue obtained after HIP extraction of fresh egg yolk retained all the natural proteins of the yolk.
Evolution phases integrating satellite and terrestrial networks in the configuration of S-UMTS (2003)

S-UMTS assumes the role of a new generation global system for mobile communications. This paper proposes a possible structure of S-UMTS and discusses steps towards the final architecture. A smooth migration process is suggested resulting in a system with all requested new features which is compatible and involves almost all, previous generation, terrestrial and satellite systems. The first step foresees the interworking of todays operable systems achievable by introducing interworking units (IWUs) which connect the regarded systems and provide some of the needed features. The next step involves introduction of new elements, which should work together with the previous generation systems. By adding elements, in the further steps, the new S-UMTS system becomes independent of the "old" generation systems. However, a complete usage of the previous systems will be sustained. The users will have the possibility to get new services, but also to remain in their "old" systems. In both cases a connection with every single part of any of the "old" or "new" generation networks is possible.
S-layer gene as a molecular marker for identification of<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> (2000)

The paper describes two methods that allow rapid and accurate identification of Lactobacillus helveticus strains based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the surface layer (S-layer) protein. The first method is based on a polymerase chain reaction amplification using primers targeting a specific fragment of the S-layer gene. The second method involved a portion of the S-layer gene of L. helveticus as a probe in a hybridisation test. The specificity of these protocols was checked for DNA samples isolated from various Lactobacillus strains.
Fan-out in gene regulatory networks (2010)

The proposed estimation method for fan-out not only provides an experimentally efficient way for quantifying the level of modularity in gene regulatory circuits but also helps characterize and design module interfaces, enabling the modular construction of gene circuits.
Implementation of the monitor and control system for the Caribbean Regional Operations Center (CARIBROC) communications network (1994)

This paper describes the implementation of an adaptable, standards-based monitor and control system employed in a secure communications network, namely the Caribbean Regional Operations Center (CARIBROC) communications network. The monitor and control system integrates diverse network elements (i.e., equipment being controlled and monitored) from multiple vendors, many using unique and proprietary interfaces. The monitor and control system translates these unique or proprietary network element interfaces into the standard Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), using proxy agents. Each unique network element has an associated management information base (MTB) that describes the model of the network element, identifying the monitored and controlled parameters and defining appropriate responses to various stimuli. Object oriented, peer-to-peer network management technology is employed in the CARIBROC monitor and control system, supporting migration to the Open System Interconnection (OSI) Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). Supporting this migration path to the OSI CMIP eliminates contingencies on proprietary protocols and supports the insertion of new technology into the CARIBROC communications system. The monitor and control system implemented in CARIBROC features a distributed network management architecture. From a single platform, operations personnel can monitor and control network elements and mission functions. Remote Control Units (RCUs) containing the proxy agents are collocated with the network elements at the remote sites and perform all of the necessary processing to support their associated network elements. The CARIBROC monitor and control system is characterized by interface flexibility in a multimedia, multivendor environment. CARIBROC network elements include transmission equipment, radios, switching equipment, and modems. The implementation of the CARIBROC monitor and control system solves several problems, in addition to providing a powerful network management capability. Manpower requirements are minimized since the monitor and control system eliminates the need for many of the outdated labor intensive tasks. Also, the open, standards-based architecture supports the insertion of new technology, enabling upgrades as technology and budget permit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction of Corn Virus Disease Incidence and Control of Southwestern Corn Borer with Systemic Insecticides1 (1968)

Six systemic insecticides, Azodrin® (3-hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), Baygon® (o-iso-propoxyphenyl methylcarbamate), disulfoton, NIA 10242 (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate), phorate, UG 21149 (Temik®) (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), were tested in 1965 and 1966 at Portageville, Missouri, to evaluate the possibility of reducing the incidence of corn virus disease symptoms through the control of disease vectors, and to study their effects on the southwestern corn borer, Zeadiatraea grandiosella (Dyar). Five systemic insecticides were tested in 1965 on 2 hybrids susceptible to and 2 resistant to corn virus disease. The systemic insecticides were placed in the furrow with the seed at planting. NIA 10242 at 2.0 and 3.0 lb technical material per acre gave promising results. Tests with 4 systemic insecticides and 1 hybrid susceptible to corn virus disease in 1966 gave similar results. Corn virus disease symptoms were present each year in all treated plots, but the severity and incidence of infection were decreased, especially by NIA 10242. These results reflect the possibility that a portion of the virus disease syndrome present in southern Missouri is due to infections by a persistent virus transmitted by 1 or more vectors. The most effective control of southwestern corn borer was obtained by NIA 10242.
Nonlinear fluorescent systems: their impact on power quality (1994)

This paper presents the results of a power quality study on nonlinear fluorescent lighting systems. The pattern of harmonics production from fluorescent lamps with central electronic dimming controller, and its relation to the DDF (dimming degree factor) are found. Also, the patterns of harmonic production from some other individual fluorescent systems and their combinations. And their relations to supply voltage distortions are modelled by the method of neural networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genomics of Fungal Disease Resistance in Tomato (2009)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop worldwide. Often times, its production is hindered by fungal diseases. Important fungal diseases limiting tomato production are late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, early blight, caused by Alternaria solanii, and septoria leaf spot, caused by Septoria lycopersici, fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium fsp. oxysporium, and verticilium wilt caused by Verticilium dahlea. The Phytophthora infestans is the same fungus that caused the devastating loss of potato in Europe in 1845. A similar magnitude of crop loss in tomato has not occurred but Phytophthora infestans has caused the complete loss of tomato crops around the world on a small scale. Several attempts have been made through conventional breeding and the molecular biological approaches to understand the biology of host-pathogen interaction so that the disease can be managed and crop loss prevented. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of information produced by molecular genetic and genomic experiments on host-pathogen interactions of late blight, early blight, septoria leaf spot, verticilim wilt and fusarium wilt in tomato. Furthermore, approaches adopted to manage these diseases in tomato including genetic transformation are presented. Attempts made to link molecular markers with putative genes and their use in crop improvement are discussed.
To characterize the mineralization potential of CPP-ACP and a BIOMINF glass using MAS- NMR at an acidic pH (2020)

<strong>Objectives:</strong> Casein Phosphopeptide and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate complex (CPP-ACP) is the main remineralizing additive in GC Tooth Mousse®. The objective of this study was to analyze the fluoride mineral phase formed on enamel after application of GC Tooth Mousse (GC), BIOMINF® (BF) and fluoride in an acidic environment. <strong>Methods:</strong> Enamel blocks (n=1), measuring ~5×5mm with a maximum thickness of ~1mm, were cutfrom caries-freepermanenthumanmolars. Eachenamelblockwasimmersedin50mlofacidicsolution (0.1M acetic acid pH 4.0) at 37°C for 24hrs. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to remineralization by immersing them in a fresh acidic solution (0.1MaceticacidpH4.0) containing either 1g of BF, 1g GC, 1g GC +18ppm F – or 18ppm F. These samples were then stored for a further 96 hrs at 37°C. All five enamel blocks were accurately weighed (±0.0001g) before and after the demineralization and remineralization cycle to calculate the percent weight loss/gain. At the end of their mineralization cycle the enamel blocks were ground to a powder and analyzed for fluoride mineral phase using 19FMAS-NMR. The remineralization solutions were tested for changes in pH using a calibrated pH electrode. Changes in F-concentration was monitored using ISE, whereas Ca and P concentrations were analyzed using ICP-OES. <strong>Results:</strong> BF showed highest weight increase during remineralization cycle. This was followed by GC + 18ppm F and GC Tooth Mousse. The18ppm F-samples showed a further weight loss. BF showed enhanced buffering capacity as compared to any of the materials tested. It also showed highest consumption of fluoride during remineralisation.19FMAS-NMR spectra showed formation of fluorapatite and CaF2 in varying proportions for all the samples. However, for 18ppm F- samples, the peak for CaF2 was more prominent as compared to others. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both BIOMINF® and GC tooth Mousse have enhanced remineralization properties and forms acid resistant appatite on the surface of enamel.
Address Matching: GIS Technology for Mapping Human Activity Patterns (1995)

Abstract Abstract Address matching is the process of adding locational information to a database containing business, survey, or administrative records. It is a very powerful GIS technology, because it can transform any existing database with street addresses into a GIS database that can be mapped or used as input into more sophisticated spatial analyses. Address matching is inexpensive, as well, since it can be performed on microcomputers with low-cost GIS software and the U.S. Census Bureau's TIGER/Line files. Although address matching has a number of important limitations, it is nevertheless one of the most cost-effective means for applying GIS mapping and spatial analysis tools to the country's pressing urban problems.
THE ROLE OF DONOR CD4 T CELLS WITHIN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTS IN GRAFT REJECTION (2008)

Win, T S.1; Rehakova, S1; Saeb-Parsy, K1; Negus, M1; Goddard, M2; Bradley, J A.1; Bolton, E1; Pettigrew, G J.1 Author Information
Comprehensive methodology for the design and assessment of crossbar memory array with nonlinear and asymmetric selector devices (2013)

Technology and design tradeoffs are important for crossbar memory array optimization. A comprehensive model is presented in this paper to assess array functionality with different nonlinear and asymmetric selector parameters, bias schemes, and array designs. Array V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> should be maximized within power and efficiency constraints. Partial bias schemes can be chosen based on selector types and design targets. Different dependence of array selectivity and power efficiency on selector parameters presents technology tradeoffs. Impact of line resistance, contact resistance, and memory variability is analyzed. Parallel access and self-selecting design may improve array performance.
A 9b, 1.12ps resolution 2.5b/stage pipelined time-to-digital converter in 65nm CMOS using time-register (2013)

This paper presents a 2.5b/stage pipelined time-to-digital converter (TDC). For pipelined operation, a novel time-register is proposed which is capable of storing and adding time information with a clock signal. Together with a time-amplifier, a 9-bit synchronous pipelined TDC is implemented which consists of three 2.5b stages and a 3b flash TDC. A prototype chip fabricated in 65nm CMOS achieves 1.12ps of time resolution at 250Msps while consuming 15.4mW, which results in the best FoM among the state-of-the-art TDCs.