gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Complex Interactions at the Gas–Solid Interface with in Situ Spectroscopy: The Case of Nitrogen-Functionalized Carbon (2019)

Interactions at the gas–solid interface drive physicochemical processes in many energy and environmental applications; however, the challenges associated with characterization and development of these dynamic interactions in complex systems limit progress in developing effective materials. Therefore, structure–property–performance correlations greatly depend on the development of advanced techniques and analysis methods for the investigation of gas–solid interactions. In this work, adsorption behavior of O2 and humidified O2 on nitrogen-functionalized carbon (N–C) materials was investigated to provide a better understanding of the role of nitrogen species in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). N–C materials were produced by solvothermal synthesis and N-ion implantation, resulting in a set of materials with varied nitrogen amount and speciation in carbon matrices with different morphologies. Adsorption behavior of the N–C samples was characterized by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) experiments. A new analysis method for the interpretation of AP-XPS data was developed, allowing both the determination of overall adsorption behavior of each N–C material and identification of which nitrogen species were responsible for adsorption. The complementary information provided by in situ DRIFTS and AP-XPS indicates that O2 adsorption primarily takes place on either electron-rich nitrogen species like pyridine, hydrogenated nitrogen species, or graphitic nitrogen. Adsorption of O2 and H2O occurs competitively on solvothermally prepared N–Cs, whereas adsorption of H2O and O2 occurs at different sites on N-ion implanted N–Cs, highlighting the importance of tuning the composition of N–C materials to promote the most efficient ORR pathway.
Reduction of the degree of polarization of a laser diode with a fiber Lyot depolarizer (1999)

A fiber Lyot depolarizer was used to reduce the degree of polarization (DOP) of a laser pump diode. The typical DOP out of the depolarizer is better than 0.2 which should he sufficient to reduce the effect of pump polarization on erbium fiber amplifiers.
An Easy Access to Aryl Azides from Aryl Amines under Neutral Conditions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The fate of failed renal homografts retained after retransplantation. (1973)

IN MANY TRANSPLANTATION CENTERS, it has been considered obligatory to remove failed renal homo­ grafts before, or at, retransplantation, since such grafts have been regarded as a potential hazard to the patient. At our institution, this routine has, in the last years, been applied only to grafts which failed in the immediate postoperative period and which, consequently, were considered infarcted. In contrast, grafts which have failed late from chronic rejection have been left in situ. In the pres­ ent study, the fate of such retained, nonfunctioning or poorly functioning grafts was evaluated. METHODS Twenty-eight patients who had chronically re­ jected, or otherwise failed, renal homografts left in situ were studied. Eleven of these patients were females and 17 males; their ages ranged from three and a half to 45 years. Twenty-one patients had only one retransplantation, four received three grafts; two had four, and one patient had five kidney transplants. In no instance did any patient carry more than two grafts at one time. The total num­ ber of retained grafts at risk was 30. Retransplanta­ tion was carried out one month to six and a half years after the insertion of the previous graft, a mean of 33 months. Twelve of the patients underwent hemodialysis before retransplantation, while the others were provided with new grafts before this became neces­ sary. About two-thirds of the retained previous homografts were from related donors; the others were from nonrelated cadavers. Most of these grafts were located extra peritoneally in the pelvis, but four had been placed intra-abdominally be­ cause the recipients were children (1). Immunosuppression was either with the double drug combination of azathioprine and prednisone
The Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of PLGA‐Microparticles Produced by the Emulsion Extraction Method (2012)

Controlled release poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles for use as active pharmaceutical ingredient carriers were prepared by the emulsion extraction method. Particle formation experiments were carried out in a stirred vessel. The local flow conditions in these experiments, that is, local shear rates and dissipation rates, and the extraction rate of the organic solvent were examined by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The local flow conditions in the stirred tank reactor have a significant influence on the final properties, specific surface area, skeletal density, organic solvent content, and size of the microparticles. We determined nondimensional correlations for predicting these particle properties as functions of the process parameters as, for example, the stirrer speed, emulsion injection point, and oil droplet size in the initial emulsion. The results demonstrate that CFD simulations offer insight into the particle formation process for different batch sizes and provide a basis for scale‐up and optimization of the process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1868–1881, 2013
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Fluorosulfatation of Tetrafluoroethylene. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential Drug-eluting Stent Effects in Patients with Diabetes – Bench-to-bedside Evidence for Neointimal Suppression and Restenosis Reduction (2010)

Patients with diabetes are particularly prone to coronary atherosclerosis, and the presence of diabetes increases the annual mortality risk in patients with proven coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes also have an increased risk of restenosis following both balloon angioplasty and bare-metal stent (BMS) placement, due to differences in cellular proliferative signalling and a consequent accentuated neointimal response compared with that seen in patients without diabetes. Drug-eluting stents (DES) generally moderate this neointimal response and reduce restenosis in patients both with and without diabetes, without increasing the safety risk compared with BMS. However, it is unknown whether the different antiproliferative agents used in DES influence their comparative safety and efficacy. This article summarises recent peer-reviewed data from a range of molecular, cellular, imaging and clinical studies to provide an integrated bench-to-bedside perspective on the relative effects of commercially available DES in patients with diabetes versus patients without diabetes.
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 8‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins via Successive Lateral and ortho‐Lithiations of 4,4‐Dimethyl‐2‐(o‐totyl)oxazoline. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Species-Specific Induction of Ezrin Tyrosine Phosphorylation Functions in Pathogen Entry (2007)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen of humans that exhibits species-specific biological characteristics in its early interactions with host cells that are likely important to pathogenesis. One such characteristic is the tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) of an approximately 70-kDa polypeptide that occurs only after infection of mammalian cells by human strains. We sought to identify this protein because of its potential significance to the pathogenesis of human chlamydial infections. Using an immunoproteomic approach we identified the host protein ezrin, a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) protein family that serves as a physical link between host cell receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. Confocal microscopy studies showed colocalization of ezrin and actin at the tips and crypts of microvilli, the site of chlamydial attachment and entry, respectively. To demonstrate a functional role for ezrin we infected cells with a dominant-negative (DN) ezrin phenotype or treated cells with ezrin-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). We found that both DN and siRNA-treated cells were significantly less susceptible to infection by human chlamydial strains. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibition of infection in ezrin DN cells occurred at the stage of chlamydial entry. We hypothesize that the C. trachomatis-specific Tyr-P of ezrin might relate to an undefined species-specific mechanism of pathogen entry that involves chlamydial specific ligand(s) and host cell coreceptor usage.
LTP cross-reactivity - primary sensitization to mugwort pollen LTP Art v 3, facilitates subsequent sensitisation to peach LTP Pru p 3 in mice (2014)

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are important pollen and food allergens in the Mediterranean area. Peach LTP Pru p 3 is considered as primary sensitizer inducing LTP cross-reactive IgE antibodies. Despite the evidence on the importance of Pru p 3, it is unclear whether reactivity to multiple LTPs is due to antibody cross-reactivity or to independent sensitization events. Aim of the study was (1) to compare antigenicity of LTPs from pollen and food, and (2) to investigate whether primary sensitization to LTPs promotes secondary sensitization to LTPs from unrelated sources. IgE sensitization to peach LTP was compared in different mouse strains (C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, CBA/J). IgE high responder mice (CBA/J) were used to compare the antigenicity and IgE cross-reactivity of LTPs from pollen (mugwort/Art v 3, plane tree/Pla a 3, ragweed/Amb a 6) and foods (peach/Pru p 3, cherry/Pru av 3, hazelnut/Cor a 8). To investigate whether an established Th2 immune response to LTPs facilitates a secondary immune response and cross-reactivity to unrelated LTPs, CBA/J mice were immunized with (1) Pru p 3 followed by Art v 3, (2) Art v 3 followed by Pru p 3, and (3) a mixture of Pru p 3 and Art v 3. Induction of Pru p 3 and Art v 3 specific IgE and IgG titers, and cross-reactivity between the two LTPs were determined by ELISA. CBA and C3H mice showed strong IgE-responses to Pru p 3, whereas BALB/c mice did not. Remarkably, a species-specific immune response lacking any IgE- and IgG-cross-reactivity was observed for all tested LTPs except for Pru p 3 and Pru av 3. Although LTPs show high structural similarity, Pru p 3 and Art v 3 displayed different antigenicity. In comparison to Art v 3, Pru p 3 showed much lower IgE-sensitizing capacity. In contrast, IgE response to Pru p 3 was promoted in mice previously sensitized to Art v 3, which was even the case upon concurrent administration of both LTPs. Neither sequential immunization nor immunization with the mixture induced IgE antibodies to unrelated LTPs, e.g. Cor a 8. In summary, the immune response to LTPs in mice varied strongly between strains. The LTPs studied, displayed different immunogenic properties and did not induce cross-reactive IgE antibodies. Primary sensitization to the pollen LTP Art v 3 conditioned the animals for subsequent sensitization to the food LTP Pru p 3. The extent to which the findings are applicable to the manifestation of clinical cross-reactivity to LTPs in humans needs to be investigated.
Improved Performance of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Through the Reduction of Phase Separation via Solvent Additives (2010)

A high-boiling-point additive that favors both poly[(4,4-didodecyldithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazole)-4,7-diyl] and PC71BM in a bulk heterojunction solar cell is used to reduce large-scale aggregation and phase separation, which increases device performance. This is in contrast to the majority of high-boiling-point additives that improve performance by increasing phase separation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Three novel high-resolution nonlinear methods for fast signal processing (2000)

Three novel nonlinear parameter estimators are devised and implemented for accurate and fast processing of experimentally measured or theoretically generated time signals of arbitrary length. The new techniques can also be used as powerful tools for diagonalization of large matrices that are customarily encountered in quantum chemistry and elsewhere. The key to the success and the common denominator of the proposed methods is a considerably reduced dimensionality of the original data matrix. This is achieved in a preprocessing stage called beamspace windowing or band-limited decimation. The methods are decimated signal diagonalization (DSD), decimated linear predictor (DLP), and decimated Padé approximant (DPA). Their mutual equivalence is shown for the signals that are modeled by a linear combination of time-dependent damped exponentials with stationary amplitudes. The ability to obtain all the peak parameters first and construct the required spectra afterwards enables the present methods to phase correct the absorption mode. Additionally, a new noise reduction technique, based upon the stabilization method from resonance scattering theory, is proposed. The results obtained using both synthesized and experimental time signals show that DSD/DLP/DPA exhibit an enhanced resolution power relative to the standard fast Fourier transform. Of the three methods, DPA is found to be the most efficient computationally.
A comprehensive study on the serum lipid profile and risk factor analysis for cardiovascular diseases in a cross-sectional Indian population. (2010)

Several epidemiological studies have established that Indians have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease. Because of vast differences in ethnicity, food habits and sociocultural background of Indians, it is essential that survey be conducted for profiling risk factor indicators in subjects from different parts of the country with adequate sample size. This study was carried out on CFTRI employees whose population is originally drawn from different parts of the country with diverse food habits. The population consisting of 624 subjects (514 men and 110 women) were subjected to general health check-up, blood and urine analysis under the supervision of a medical officer. Sixty-one individuals (9.77%) were found to be diabetic and 73 individuals (11.69%) were hypertensive of which 11.7% were also found to have diabetes. The mean serum cholesterol concentration in men was found to be 158 mg % and that in women was 165 mg %. Ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol was found to be greater than 6.5 in all the cases. Blood group analysis indicated that 41.5% of the subjects belonged to O(+) group (n = 259) followed by B(+) 25.6% (n = 160), A(+) 24.6% (n = 154) and AB(+) 4.48% (n = 28). Twenty-three individuals were Rh-negative. It was observed that serum cholesterol and triglycerides were lower in O(+) groups, compared to individuals in other groups. The incidence of diabetes and hypertension in O(+) was 5.79% and 10.4%, B(+)12.5% and 15.6%, A(+) 11.0% and 12.3% and AB(+) 21.4% and 7.1% respectively. Eight individuals were found to have myocardial infarction. Among them four belonged to A(+), two to B(+) and one each to AB(+)and O(+).
Mesomorphic phase formation of poly(macromonomer)s of ω-vinylbenzyl and ω-methacryloyloxyethyl polystyrene macromonomers (2001)

Liquid crystalline phase formation and the related molecular properties of poly(macromonomer)s of ω-vinylbenzylpolystyrene macromonomers, poly(VB-PSt)s, were investigated. The results were compared with those of the poly(macromonomer)s of ω-methacryloyloxyethyl polystyrene macromonomers, poly(MA-PSt)s. Poly(VB-PSt)s having a polystyrene backbone formed a mesomorphic phase, depending on the branching architecture of the poly(macromonomer)s as in the case of poly(MA-PSt)s. The branch density as well as the branch length strongly influenced the formation of the mesomorphic phase. The values of the chain stiffness parameter, the Kuhn statistical segment length, estimated from the radius of gyration vs. molecular weight curves were very consistent with the observation of the mesomorphic phase under the assumption that the poly(macromonomer)s behave as a worm-like polymer. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) data obtained from solutions as well as cast films for both types of poly(macromonomer)s showed only an amorphous halo, indicating that the inside of each poly(macromonomer) molecule is amorphous-like and that the observed mesomorphic phase is due to the orientational ordering of poly(macromonomer) molecules.
Probing Strain-Induced Phenomena in Low Dimensionality Multiferroic Oxides (2017)

Journal Article Probing Strain-Induced Phenomena in Low Dimensionality Multiferroic Oxides Get access C Magen, C Magen Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Guzman, R Guzman Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainInstitut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S Farokhipoor, S Farokhipoor Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Univ. of Groningen, AG Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Materials Science & Metallurgy, Univ. of Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L Maurel, L Maurel Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E Langenberg, E Langenberg Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainInstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Univ. de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Iniguez, J Iniguez Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Barcelona, SpainLuxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S Venkatesan, S Venkatesan Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrew R Lupini, Andrew R Lupini Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, US Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E Snoeck, E Snoeck CEMES - CNRS, Toulouse, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Mostovoy, M Mostovoy Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Univ. of Groningen, AG Groningen, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more P A Algarabel, P A Algarabel Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Univ. de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J A Pardo, J A Pardo Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B Noheda B Noheda Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Univ. of Groningen, AG Groningen, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 23, Issue S1, 1 July 2017, Pages 1726–1727, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927617009291 Published: 04 August 2017
Cutting the Long Tail: Hybrid Language Models for Translation Style Adaptation (2012)

In this paper, we address statistical machine translation of public conference talks. Modeling the style of this genre can be very challenging given the shortage of available in-domain training data. We investigate the use of a hybrid LM, where infrequent words are mapped into classes. Hybrid LMs are used to complement word-based LMs with statistics about the language style of the talks. Extensive experiments comparing different settings of the hybrid LM are reported on publicly available benchmarks based on TED talks, from Arabic to English and from English to French. The proposed models show to better exploit in-domain data than conventional word-based LMs for the target language modeling component of a phrase-based statistical machine translation system. 1
Holographic quantum imaging: reconstructing spatial properties via two-particle interference (2017)

Two particle interference phenomena, such as the Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) effect, are a direct manifestation of the nature of the symmetry properties of indistinguishable particles as described by quantum mechanics. The HOM effect has recently been applied as a tool for pure state tomography of a single photon. In this article, we generalize the method to extract additional information for a pure state and extend this to the full tomography of mixed states as well. The formalism is kept general enough to apply to both boson and fermion based interferometry. Our theoretical discussion is accompanied by two proposals of interferometric setups that allow the measurement of a tomographically complete set of observables for single photon quantum states.
Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury on Muscle Activity of Head, Neck and Trunk Muscles: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation (2007)

This study evaluated the that effects a pathology of the knee, due to an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, has on muscular activity of neck, head, and trunk muscles. Twenty-five (25) subjects (mean age 28+/-9 years) with ACL injury of the left knee were compared with a control no-pathology group. Surface electromyography (sEMG) at mandibular rest position and maximal voluntary clenching (MVC) wasused to evaluate muscular activity of the areas: masseter, anterior temporalis, posterior cervicals, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and upper and lower trapezius. The sEMG activity of each muscle, as well as the asymmetry index between the right and the left sides, were compared between the two groups. Subjects in the study group showed a significant increase in the asymmetry index of the sEMG activity of the anterior temporalis at mandibular rest position (p<0.05). At rest, the areas of anterior temporalis and masseter in the control group showed a significantly lower sEMG activity compared with subjects in the study group, both in the right and the left sides (p<0.05). The same was found for the sEMG activity of the areas of SCM and lower trapezius. At MVC, the right areas of anterior temporalis and masseter in the study subjects showed a significantly lower sEMG activity compared with the control group. The same was observed for the lower trapezius area, both in the right and the left sides. In general, ACL injury appears to provide a change in the sEMG activity of head, neck and trunk muscles.