gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The unique protein kinase Cη: Implications for breast cancer (Review) (2014)

Deregulation of key signal transduction pathways that govern important cellular processes leads to cancer. The development of effective therapeutics for cancer warrants a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that are deregulated in cancer. The protein kinase C (PKC) family has served as an attractive target for cancer therapy for decades owing to its crucial roles in several cellular processes. PKCη is a novel member of the PKC family that plays critical roles in various cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, differentiation and cell death. The regulation of PKCη appears to be unique compared to other PKC isozymes, and there are conflicting reports regarding its role in cancer. This review focuses on the unique aspects of PKCη in terms of its structure, regulation and subcellular distribution and speculates on how these features could account for its distinct functions. We have also discussed the functional implications of PKCη in cancer with particular emphasis on breast cancer.
The Effect of Lead Oxides on the Oxidation of Hexane (2024)

No abstract.
Amino Acid Requirements of the Novikoff Hepatoma in vitro. (1959)

Novikoff hepatoma requires 12 amino acids and glutamine for growth in vitro. When both glycine and serine were deleted from the medium, no growth occurred. In presence of serine some growth was apparent, but glycine was more effective in stimulating tumor cell proliferation. Glutamic acid and sodium thioglycolate could partially spare glutamine and cysteine requirements, respectively, and several sulfur-containing inorganic salts could partially replace cysteine. Arginine could be replaced by citrulline but ornithine was not active. When arginine was deleted, the typically rounded cell of Novikoff hepatoma was no longer apparent; but a predominance of fibroblasts remained attached to the surface of the flasks.
Systems design and control of a freeflying space robotic manipulator system (ATLAS) for in-orbit satellite servicing operations (1996)

This thesis is concerned with a freeflyer robotic spacecraft for in-orbit satellite\nservicing employing a dedicated attitude control system, ATLAS (Advanced\nTeLerobotic Actuation System). It adopts a unique control system design to alleviate\nthe reaction coupling between the spacecraft mounting and the manipulator such that\ncontrol of both the spacecraft attitude and manipulator kinematics may be effected in\nreal-time using present-day space-rated electronics. It has been found that very few\nadditional computations are required to compensate the coupling problem over\nstandard terrestrial resolved motion robot control algorithms and standard spacecraft\nattitude control techniques. A mathematical proof of the concept is outlined. The\ntechnique is also extended for dual-arm operation. Two manipulator arms are\nnecessary for EVA-equivalence to afford maximum flexibility. Mutual collision\npossibilities will be eliminated by incorporating a modified Zambesi bridge via interrupt\nsoftware whereby each manipulator is restricted to operations within its own quadrant.\nThis eases the computational burden of monitoring arm-to-arm collisions in the open\nchain mode with little loss of flexibility. Closed chain mode is shown to be similar to\nthe open chain mode but with the addition of certain kinematic and force constraints.\nEach arm must be capable of operating independently or cooperatively, necessitating a\nhierarachical control architecture which is compatible with the NASREM control\narchitecture. Given that the single arm freeflyer is the baseline of this thesis and that\ndual arm configurations are merely extensions of this, a simulation program of the\ntechniques outlined has been constructed to output some of the parameters o f interest.\nConsideration is also given to the possible commercial impact of such a system.
Automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: an instrument for optical depth and radiation measurements (1994)

The multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer is a ground-based instrument that uses independent interference-filter-photodiode detectors and the automated rotating shadow-band technique to make spectrally resolved measurements at seven wavelength passbands (chosen at the time of manufacture between 350 nm and 1.7 µm) of direct-normal, total-horizontal, and diffuse-horizontal irradiances. This instrument achieves an accuracy in direct-normal spectral irradiance comparable with that of tracking radiometers, and it is more accurate than conventional instruments for the determination of the diffuse and total-horizontal spectral irradiances because the angular acceptance function of the instrument closely approximates the ideal cosine response, and because the measured direct-normal component can be corrected for the remaining angular acceptance error. The three irradiance components are measured with the same detector for a given wavelength. Together with the automated shadow-band technique, this guarantees hat the calibration coefficients are identical for each, thus reducing errors when one compares them (as opposed to measurements made with independent instruments). One can use the direct-normal component observations for Langley analysis to obtain depths and to provide an ongoing calibration against the solar constant by extrapolation to zero air mass. Thus the long-term stability of all three measured components can be tied to the solar constant by an analysis of the routinely collected data.
Putting the C in phycology (1997)

This article considers molecular biological to global environment work on inorganic carbon acquisition processes in the algae sensu lato (i.e. including the cyanobacteria). At least 95% of the organic C in photolithotrophic algae has been fixed by RUBISCO, while the remaining 5% or so has involved a range of anaplerotic carboxylases. The catalytic characteristics of RUBISCO show substantial phylogenetic variation; for some algal RUBISCOs (those from cyanobacteria and, possibly, Dinophyta) the kinetics of the carboxylase and oxygenase activity are such that net photosynthetic CO2 fixation could not occur with diffusive CO2 entry from air-equilibrium solution. In many other algae the kinetics of inorganic C assimilation are at variance with in vitro RUBISCO kinetics, and, as in cyanobacteria and Dinophyta, a CO2-concentrating mechanism is hypothesized. In many cases, the operation of such a mechanism can be demonstrated as a higher internal than external CO2 level during photosynthesis. In cases where such a CO2 concentration difference cannot be demonstrated, mechanisms may produce CO2 from HCO3 − in an extracellular or intracellular compartment maintained at a lower pH than the cytosol and stroma but, with the exception of the acid zones on the surface of certain characeans, such mechanisms have not been experimentally verified. Reactions downstream of RUBISCO include the polyphyletic metabolic processes which deal with the products of RUBISCO oxygenase activity subsequent to phosphoglycolate phosphatase; even when a CO2-concentrating mechanism is present there is a minor C flux through phosphoglycolate. There are important consequences for bioenergetics, for the allocation among solutes of the low intracellular osmolarity of some freshwater algae, and of the occurrence of CO2-concentrating mechanisms or of diffusive CO2 entry. Some algae today are inorganic C-limited for photosynthesis in their natural environment under otherwise optimal conditions; even in these organisms it is not clear that they are C-limited in nature. The chances of C limitation in the past would have been greater with the low CO2 concentrations of the last glacial maximum 18,000 years ago, but would have been less likely to be C limited in the pre-pleistocene past, and in the anthropogenically CO2-enriched future, than at present. The evaluation of inorganic C acquisition mechanisms must be viewed against the general decrease in CO2, and increase in O2, over the almost 4 billion years since RUBISCO-based CO2 fixation evolved. It is not yet clear whether (polypheletic) CO2 concentrating mechanisms or (polyphyletic) mechanisms of glycolate metabolism evolved first.
Challenges of Older Patients’ Knowledge About Warfarin Therapy (2011)

This comprehensive review highlights that education about warfarin in older patients is currently suboptimal and may in part contribute to poor therapeutic outcomes. This review article also acknowledges the need to identify, target, and develop educational strategies and resources to further improve older patients' knowledge about their warfarin therapy.
The Use of Airworthiness Codes for Military Applications by the Royal Australian Air Force (1995)

Airworthiness standards are fundamental to the Royal Australian Air Force's management of aircraft. This paper identifies the fundamental reasons for the RAAF requiring the use of Airworthiness Standards. The paper describes the RAAFs approach to using airworthiness codes, and elaborates on the reasons behind the adopted approach. Finally, the paper presents a case for greater mutual acceptance of airworthiness codes by international military airworthiness communities.
Effect of combined inhibitors of thymidylate synthase-5-fluorodeoxyuridine and quinazoline antifolates on murine leukemia cells cultured in vitro. (1998)

The synergistic effect of two different inhibitors of thymidylate synthase-FdUrd and sulphonamide derivatives on murine leukemia cells-5178Y (parental subline) and 5178Y/F (its fluorodeoxyuridine resistant subline) in culture was examined. Upon the exposure of cultures from both lines to a slightly inhibitory concentration of FdUrd (1 nM) in combination with 2-desamino-2-methyl-10-propargyl-5,8-dideaza-pteroylsulphogluta mine or -glycine a synergistic effect of antimetabolites on cell growth was observed. This was accompanied by a marked reduction in intracellular concentration in both cell lines of 5,10CH2H4PteGlu; the intracellular concentration of 5,10CH2H4PteGlu(n) in the resistant subline was 3 times higher than in parental line. The inhibitory effect of combined drugs on the cellular pool of 5178Y of the two antimetabolites also depends on the sequence of their addition; however in the FdUrd resistant cell-line the dependence on the sequence of the addition was not observed. The results obtained strongly suggest that under certain conditions inhibition of thymidylate synthesis by antifolates is intensified by proprior use of FdUrd.
Neuregulin promotes autophagic cell death of prostate cancer cells (2003)

These results suggest that NRG induces type II cell death of LNCaP cells through PI3K-dependent pathway.
A Novel Process to Improve the Surface Roughness of RuO[sub 2] Film Deposited by Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

We demonstrate that the surface roughness of metallorganic chemical vapor deposited is significantly decreased by plasma treatment before the deposition of the film. The root mean square (rms) value of the surface roughness is decreased from by applying plasma for prior to the deposition of an thick layer of . Other plasma gases such as and also decrease the rms value of the surface roughness, but are not as effective as plasma. The decrease of surface roughness is attributed to the enhancement of nucleation density at the initial stages of film growth. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
Non-Triiodide Based Autoinhibition by Iodide Ion in the Trithionate−Iodine Reaction (2010)

The trithionate-iodine reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically in a slightly acidic medium at 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C in acetate/acetic acid buffer monitoring the absorbance at 468 nm at the isosbestic point of the iodine-triiodide ion system in the absence and presence of initially added iodide ion at I = 0.5 M ionic strength adjusted by sodium perchlorate. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be S(3)O(6)(2-) + 4I(2) + 6H(2)O --> 3SO(4)(2-) + 8I(-) + 12H(+). It is also shown that the consumption of iodine is inhibited by iodide ion, but it cannot be simply explained via the fast equilibrium formation of triiodide ion. A five-step kinetic model with four fitted and fixed kinetic parameters is proposed and discussed in detail, on the basis of which all the most important characteristics of the measured kinetic curves are adequately explained.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 selectivity of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident (2007)

The risk of MI and CVA increases with any NSAID. Highly COX-2 selective NSAIDs confer the greatest risk.
Controlled-Synthesis, Self-Assembly Behavior, and Surface-Dependent Optical Properties of High-Quality Rare-Earth Oxide Nanocrystals (2006)

Single-crystalline and monodisperse cubic rare-earth (RE = La to Lu, Y) oxide nanocrystals (ultrathin nanoplates and nanodisks) have been synthesized via a nonhydrolytic approach in oleic acid (OA)/oleylamine (OM)/1-octadecene (ODE) using various rare-earth complexes, including acetylacetonate, benzoylacetonate, and acetate, as the precursors. The transformation from the complex precursors to RE2O3 was proposed to occur in two stages: first, the formation of rare-earth oleates by ligand exchange in solution, and second, the subsequent decomposition of the oleates into RE2O3 catalyzed by the base of OM. The selective adsorption of coordinating OA ligands onto specific crystal planes of cubic RE2O3 nanocrystals made them adopt a plate shape with the confined growth of {100} facets and/or a disk shape with the confined growth of {111} facets. Along with delicately tuning the polarity of the dispersant, the RE2O3 nanocrystals could be aligned to form "side-to-side" or "face-to-face" self-assembly nanoarrays on carbon-coated copper grids. With the developed synthetic method, we also obtained high-quality luminescent Y2O3:Eu ultrathin nanodisks, which displayed strong surface-dependent, highly pure red emissions that were due to selective incorporation of Eu3+ ions in the surface of the nanodisks.
The relationship between the smectic C director and layer profiles and the surface anchoring energies (1996)

Abstract The surface orientation of the smectic C director depends on the smectic layer configuration, the zenithal and azimuthal anchoring energies and the surface pretilt. A suitable surface energy is introduced and used to make predictions of the transition temperature between the two chevron layer profiles, Cl and C2. Simple optical measurements are used to determine the ratio of the azimuthal and zenithal anchoring terms. The results are used to predict the Cl to C2 transition temperature in a typical ferroelectric liquid crystal.
Recent advances in one-dimensional organic p–n heterojunctions for optoelectronic device applications (2016)

Recent advances in various one-dimensional organic heterojunctions including their synthesis and optoelectronic applications are summarized in this <italic>MiniRev</italic> article.
Introduction: A Guide to the Text (2017)

It must surely be clear that if we wish to safeguard the interests of our science (physical anthropology), and of those innocents who identify themselves with it, and who by so doing voluntarily condemn themselves to a precarious, albeit interesting life brachiating as it were from one lower income bracket to another, then it is our duty to see to it that they are properly equipped for the work which they wish to do and which so urgently requires to be done.
Deposition of amorphous silicon solar cells via the pulsed PECVD technique (2002)

The pulsed plasma CVD technique has been shown to increase the deposition rate without an increase in the particulate count in the plasma, which is an important factor in determining the yield of commercial products such as solar cell modules. In this paper, the authors report on the use of this technique in a small area deposition system, and show deposition rates of a-Si:H of up to 15 Angstroms/sec can be achieved using a modulation frequency in the range of 1-100 kHz. Simple solar cells of the p/i/n configuration, deposited using this technique, have shown initial efficiencies of 9% with intrinsic-layer deposition rates of up to 7 A/sec. The application of this technique to a large-area 30 cm/spl times/40 cm system is also discussed. In particular, they report a deposition rate of rate(>25%), and the performance of small area (0.25 cm/sup 2/) devices using this approach.
Future Trends in Automotive Radar / Imaging Radar (1998)

There is a growing interest of car manufacturers in sensors monitoring the car's surrounding area in order to improve safety systems from mere crash survival to crash prediction or prevention by early detection of hazardous situations. Therefore radar sensors have been intensively investigated for many years. A large variety of radar based vehicular sensors have been developed. Narrow-beam radars are tested for intelligent cruise control (ICC), collision or obstacle warning, other sensors are used for stop&go operation, as lane change aid, for side or rear impact warning. Though first radar sensors for ICC operation are moving into the pre-production phase, further improvement in low-cost high-volume manufacturing is essential Next generations of automotive radar sensors will take advantage of increased signal processing power, progress in semiconductor technology, and improved packaging and assembly techniques. Future radar sensors will comprise electronically scanned beams allowing for better resolution with a high image update rate. Fusion of radar with other on board sensors (e.g. video) will further improve the performance of car safety systems, leading to intelligent vehicles in future.
Impaired Peripheral Somatosensory Function in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome (1998)

The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with a tendency to self-injury and a reduced sensitivity to painful stimuli. Somatosensory functions were studied in 5 children aged 11-13 years with PWS. Tactual perception in the hands (stereognosis) was apparently normal in 4 of them. Sensory nerve conduction velocities in the median nerve and latencies for sensory evoked potentials were similar in the PWS subjects and in 10 healthy controls indicating a preserved myelinisation of sensory nerve fibers in PWS. Sensory nerve action potential amplitudes in the PWS group were on an average only 40-50% of normal size (p = 0.03), suggesting a reduced number of normal axons in the median nerve. The results may be relevant for the impaired pain sensitivity in PWS because similar neurographic findings and a low density of peripheral nerve fibers have been reported in patients with hereditary or congenital insensitivity to pain.
Optimal Schedules for Asynchronous Transmission of Discrete Packets (2008)

In this paper we study the distribution of dynamic data over a broadcast channel to a large number of passive clients. Clients obtain the information by accessing the channel and listening for the next available packet. This scenario, referred to as packet-based or discrete broadcast, has many practical applications such as the distribution of weather and traffic updates to wireless mobile devices, reconfiguration and reprogramming of wireless sensors and downloading dynamic task information in battlefield networks. The optimal broadcast protocols require a high degree of synchronization between the server and the wireless clients. However, in typical wireless settings such degree of synchronization is difficult to achieve due to the inaccuracy of internal clocks. Moreover, in some settings, such as military applications, synchronized transmission is not desirable due to jamming. The lack of synchronization leads to large delays and excessive power consumption. Accordingly, in this work we focus on the design of optimal broadcast schedules that are robust to clock inaccuracy. We present universal schedules for delivery of up-to-date information with minimum waiting time in asynchronous settings. 1
Highly Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Enones Using Chiral Spiro Phosphoramidites as Ligands (2003)

Novel monodentate chiral spiro phosphoramidite ligands have been readily synthesized in good yields from enantiomerically pure 1,1'-spirobiindane-7,7'-diol. The new ligands were highly efficient in the copper-catalyzed conjugate addition of Et(2)Zn to enones with up to 98% enantiomeric excess.
Spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate in thick polymer systems (2006)

It was once thought either impossible or inefficient to photopolymerize a thickness greater than a thin film because of the optical attenuation of light into the depth of the sample. However, if several considerations are allowed, it is indeed possible. Three particular modifications are essential to enhance light penetration into the depth of the system. An initiator that absorbs in a region of the spectrum where no other components absorb maximizes the incident light intensity for photolysis of the initiator. Concentration and/or molar absorptivity of the initiator lower than typically used in thin films enhance light penetration. Finally, photobleaching initiators exhibit decreased absorbance upon photolysis and thus allow light to penetrate more deeply into the system with time. A need to model these systems is born out of the desirability to use light to initiate polymerizations of all sorts, including thicker systems. In this project, a set of differential equations describing the spatial and temporal evolution of the light intensity gradient, photoinitiator concentration gradient, and the photoinitiation rate profile are developed for a thick polymer system. The generalized model accounts for the consumption of initiator, evolution of the products of photolysis, diffusion of the initiator and photolysis products, and absorbance by all system components. The purpose of these studies was to characterize further these systems so that results accurately capture the photoinitiation process. Several key objectives have been accomplished, including the effects of illumination with polychromatic incident light, various illumination schemes, and verification of the predicative ability of the model.
Dynamically controllable concentration gradient generator for studying cellular response to chemical instigation (2011)

This paper describes a simple, versatile microfluidic system capable of generating precise gradients of biochemical properties within its microchannels. The proposed system is capable of creating a gradient generator in which the gradients are dynamically controlled. The length of each channel in the microfluidics network was optimally designed to control the splitting and mixing ratios. The dilution ratio is accurately predicted with the aid of simulation results and the single chip is used to obtain different gradient profile. The intermediate microfluidic device is used to verify the change in resistance when integrated with other systems in the downstream.
Introduction to Advanced Semiconductor Memories (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Semiconductor Memories Overview Advanced Semiconductor Memory Developments Future Memory Directions This chapter contains sections titled: References