gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein misfolding and temperature up-shift cause G <sub>1</sub> arrest via a common mechanism dependent on heat shock factor in <i>Saccharomyces</i> <i>cerevisiae</i> (2001)

Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cell at high temperature may cause entry into a nonproliferating, heat-shocked state. The imino acid analog azetidine 2-carboxylic acid (AZC) is incorporated into cellular protein competitively with proline and can misfold proteins into which it is incorporated. AZC addition to budding yeast cells at concentrations sufficient to inhibit proliferation selectively activates heat shock factor (HSF). We find that AZC treatment fails to cause accumulation of glycogen and trehalose (Msn2/4-dependent processes) or to induce thermotolerance (a protein kinase C-dependent process). However, AZC-arrested cells can accumulate glycogen and trehalose and can acquire thermotolerance in response to a subsequent heat shock. We find that AZC treatment arrests cells in a viable state and that this arrest is reversible. We find that cells at high temperature or cells deficient in the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes Ubc4 and Ubc5 are hypersensitive to AZC-induced proliferation arrest. We find that AZC treatment mimics temperature up-shift in arresting cells in G1 and represses expression of CLN1 and CLN2. Mutants with reduced G1 cyclin-Cdc28 activity are hypersensitive to AZC-induced proliferation arrest. Expression of the hyperstable Cln3-2 protein prevents G1 arrest upon AZC treatment and temperature up-shift. Finally, we find that the EXA3-1 mutation, encoding a defective HSF, prevents efficient G1 arrest in response to both temperature up-shift and AZC treatment. We conclude that nontoxic levels of misfolded proteins (induced by AZC treatment or by high temperature) selectively activate HSF, which is required for subsequent G1 arrest.
Application of the dual‐beam FIB/SEM to metals research (2004)

The dual-beam microscope is a combination of a focused ion beam with an electron beam. The instrument used in this work is also equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray system for local elemental analysis. This powerful tool gives access to specific features inside a material. Two different applications are presented in this paper: (1) cross-sections and transmission electron microscope specimens cut in order to investigate the interface between an aluminium substrate and its epoxy coating; and (2) a grain boundary in a Cu(3)Au alloy. In both cases, the dual beam succeeded where other methods failed.
7.12 W/mm (up to 1.7W) CW X-band InGaP/GaAs HBTs: Top Heat Sink and Topology Influence (1997)

In this paper, we report a 1.7 W output power and 55% PAE at 10 GHz using thermally shunted multi-finger HBTs having a total emitter area of 2×240 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . We show that the global power performances of our HBTs are not depending on the total emitter lenght, especially in term of PAE. It is demonstrated that the parallel combining topology is more suitable for power amplification than the fishbone topology (1-dB improvement on the linear power gain).
No Association of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variants and Prostate Cancer Risk: the Multiethnic Cohort and PAGE (2011)

Resequencing and fine-mapping of the loci for diabetes and prostate cancer that were identified by genome-wide association studies are necessary to understand any genetic contribution for the inverse association between these common diseases.
Advanced Ocean Engineering Laboratory Technical Progress Report (1973)

Abstract : The semi-annual report reflects the technical status of projects conducted within the Advanced Ocean Engineering Laboratory at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. These projects are: (1) Stable Floating Platform - to conceive, design, build and demonstrate the feasibility of large stable floating platforms in the open sea. (2) Electromagnetic Roughness of the Ocean Surface - use of radio signals scattered from the sea surface to determine the directional spectrum of ocean waves. (3) Advanced Studies in Nearshore Engineering - field studies of the water-sediment interface under wave action in and near the breaker zone/and laboratory investigation of the velocity field of breaking waves. (4) Wave Breaking In Deep Water - a projected two-year laboratory and field investigation of the factors controlling the breaking of mixed-frequency wave systems in deep water.
Trichodiene biosynthesis and the enzymic cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrichodiene biosynthesis and the enzymic cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphateDavid E. Cane, Stephen Swanson, and Pushpalatha P. N. MurthyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 8, 2136–2138Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00398a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00398a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA-PK, a Pharmacological Target in Cancer Chemotherapy and (2011)

In the search for ways of sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the inhibition of DNA repair has recently been proposed as a target of clinical interest. Ionizing radiation, as well as several antitumor drugs, induce the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), that are highly damaging to the DNA, leading to cell death and genomic instability. DSBs are mainly repaired by the Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) process, in which DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is the key complex. Consequently, specific DNA-PK inhibitors have been selected and evaluated for sensitizing cells to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The choice of DNA-PK as a pharmacological target of interest in cancer treatment is discussed.
Transport of Cortisol-4-C<sup>14</sup> and Progesterone-4-C<sup>14</sup> by Serum Proteins as Demonstrated by Paper Electrophoresis and Paper Chromatography (1956)

Interaction between low concentrations of cortisol-4-C 14 or progesterone-4-C 14 and serum proteins was investigated by paper-electrophoretic methods in human serum albumin solution as well as in human and rat serum. Between 2 and 10% of cortisol and between 70 and 90% of progesterone were found to be bound and thus transported by human albumin. Similar transport values were observed in paper-chromatographic studies in which the steroids migrated in aqueous solution, in the presence and absence of serum proteins. A critical evaluation was made on the use of paper-electrophoretic procedures in protein-binding studies. The demonstration of a firm albumin binding of progesterone, and a comparatively loose attachment of cortisol, is in general agreement with results obtained by ultracentrifugation and ‘free’ electrophoresis. Some physiological implications are mentioned.
Cytotoxicity and Structural Analyses of 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐, 4,4′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐ and 2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)quinoxalineplatinum(II) Complexes (2015)

Abstract Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Janice Aldrich‐Wright at the University of Western Sydney, Australia. The cover image shows X‐ray crystal structures and CD spectra of platinum(II) complexes of 4,4'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine and 2‐(2'‐pyridyl)quinoxaline against a background of fluorescently stained HT29 human colon carcinoma cells. The Southern Cross refers to the country of origin of this work.
The extracellular region of Lrp4 is sufficient to mediate neuromuscular synapse formation (2011)

Neuromuscular synapse formation requires an exchange of signals between motor neurons and muscle. Agrin, supplied by motor neurons, binds to Lrp4 in muscle, stimulating phosphorylation of MuSK and recruitment of a signaling complex essential for synapse-specific transcription and anchoring of key proteins in the postsynaptic membrane. Lrp4, like the LDLR and other Lrp-family members, contains an intracellular region with motifs that can regulate receptor trafficking, as well as assembly of an intracellular signaling complex. Here, we show that the intracellular region of Lrp4 is dispensable for Agrin to stimulate MuSK phosphorylation and clustering of acetylcholine receptors in cultured myotubes. Moreover, muscle-selective expression of a Lrp4-CD4 chimera, composed of the extracellular and transmembrane regions of Lrp4 and the intracellular region of CD4, rescues neuromuscular synapse formation and the neonatal lethality of lrp4 mutant mice, demonstrating that Lrp4, lacking the Lrp4 intracellular region, is sufficient for presynaptic and postsynaptic differentiation.
Upgrade of a high flux MX beamline BL41XU at SPring-8 (2014)

BL41XU is the oldest macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamline at SPring-8 [1]. Although it has been contributing to the structure determination of difficult samples since its start of operation in 1997, the targets for the structural study is still getting more challenging and the crystal quality brought to the beamline is getting worse. Therefore, we have upgraded the focusing optics and diffractometer of BL41XU to cope with these targets. Our goal is to achieve an environment which can offer a stable beam with a photon flux of >10 1 3 photons/s in the beam size range of 5 ~ 50μm. It is a complementary specification with our micro-focus beamline BL32XU [2], and allows both micro-crystallography and data collection using crystal volume. The new optics adopts a two-step focusing with elliptical figured mirrors: the first optics is a single horizontal mirror and the second one adopts Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) configuration. At the middle of the two focusing optics, a high precision horizontal slit is installed to define secondary source size. The beam size can be changed either by changing the secondary source size, by offsetting the sample position, or by tilting the vertical mirror. For the stable use of small beam, both KB mirror and diffractometer were equipped on the granite stage, and enclosed in a booth in which the temperature is keep stable. On the new diffractometer, we equipped PILATUS3 6M that enables rapid data collection combining with high flux beam. Together with the upgrade of hardware, software tools, which support diffraction based centering and determination of measurement condition, have been implemented in order to make full use of the renewed beamline. The upgrade was conducted in the long shut-down period between January and March of this year, and the beamline was opened for users in the middle of May after commissioning of one month. The result of commissioning and initial results will be presented. This study was supported by the MEXT of Japan.
Serine/threonine protein phosphatases and regulation of K-Cl cotransport in human erythrocytes (1999)

Activation of K-Cl cotransport is associated with activation of membrane-bound serine/threonine protein phosphatases (S/T-PPases). We characterize red blood cell S/T-PPases and K-Cl cotransport activity regarding protein phosphatase inhibitors and response to changes in ionic strength and cell size. Protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) activity is highly sensitive to calyculin A (CalA) but not to okadaic acid (OA). PP2A activity is highly sensitive to CalA and OA. CalA completely inhibits K-Cl cotransport activity, whereas OA partially inhibits K-Cl cotransport. Membrane PP1 and membrane PP2A activities are elevated in cells suspended in hypotonic solutions, where K-Cl cotransport is elevated. Increases in membrane PP1 activity (62 +/- 10% per 100 meq/l) result from decreases in intracellular ionic strength and correlate with increases in K-Cl cotransport activity (54 +/- 10% per 100 meq/l). Increases in membrane PP2A activity (270 +/- 77% per 100 mosM) result from volume increases and also correlate with increases in K-Cl cotransport activity (420 +/- 47% per 100 mosM). The characteristics of membrane-associated PP1 and PP2A are consistent with a role for both phosphatases in K-Cl cotransport activation in human erythrocytes.
Resistance to inhibitors of mammalian cell protein synthesis induced by preincubation in hypertonic growth medium. (1982)

Incubation of L-929 cells in growth medium containing excess NaCl induces cellular protein synthesis to become resistant to the inhibitory action of growth medium made hypertonic by the addition of Na-acetate, KCl, choline chloride, D-alanine, or sucrose. Hypertonic preincubation also induces resistance to the inhibitory action of the drugs dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, and L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, but not to the action of NaF or the inhibitors of polypeptide chain elongation, emetine and cycloheximide. Induction is independent of the solute used to make the induction medium hypertonic and is not mediated by an elevated intracellular Na+ concentration. In a separate series of experiments, it was determined that the formation of functional methionyl-tRNAf.40 S ribosomal complexes is not impaired by exposure of uninduced cells to hypertonic growth medium. The combined results are evaluated with respect to the mechanism of action of hypertonic growth medium in the inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation and the adaptive mechanisms that animal cells have evolved to deal with alterations in their extracellular environments.
Properties of interlayer for organic photovoltaics (2013)

Interfacial materials play an important role in determining the efficiency of an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell. They are not only responsible for establishing ohmic contact, but also determining different device parameters such as the internal electric field, the film morphology, and the carrier recombination rate which are important to the device performance. Here, we will present the material properties and requirements for these interlayers used in high efficiency OPV cells. This paper aims to reveal the different roles of interlayers, introduce techniques for characterizing their properties, and provide an insight into the future development of novel interlayers for high efficiency organic photovoltaic cells.
Measurement of Load Redistribution Properties of Wheelchair Cushions Using a Compliant Cushion Loading Indenter (2015)

The aim of this project was to develop and validate a compliant cushion loading indenter (CCLI) capable of evaluating wheelchair cushion performance by measuring internal pressures and deflection. The design of the CCLI consists of 3 subsystems: 1) an internal substructure with medial and lateral protuberances to mimic the load-bearing ischial tuberosities and trochanters, 2) an elastomeric shell to mimic soft tissue and 3) instrumentation to measure internal pressures at both protuberances and deflection of the elastomer at 7 locations. It is parametrically designed so can be scaled larger or smaller to represent different body sizes.
Optical Tunneling and Its Applications to Optical Filters (1967)

Several applications of optical tunneling (frustrated total reflection) are briefly discussed. There are several classes of optical bandpass filters which use optical tunneling: the Fabry-Perot filter (alias the FTR filter), the single tunnel layer filter, and the multiple tunnel layer filter. The properties of these filters are examined. The multiple tunnel layer filter shows promise as an ir long-wave pass filter.
Synthesis and Structure Determination of the High Temperature Form of La<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> (2011)

This article presents the synthesis, structure determination, and structure analysis of α-La2WO6. This high temperature polymorph was directly observed using laboratory in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and isolated at room temperature by rapid quenching from 1600 °C. Ab initio structure determination has been performed at room temperature by combining electron diffraction results with an analysis of synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction data by charge-flipping algorithm methods. The α-La2WO6 phase is found to crystallize in the Pm21n (No. 31) orthorhombic space group (Z = 6) with cell parameters: a = 16.5513(1) Å, b = 5.52003(3) Å, c = 8.88326(3) Å and a measured density of 6.82(1) g·cm–3 at room temperature. This previously uncharacterized high temperature α-La2WO6 form (>1450 °C) may be described as a regular paving between six [WO6] octahedra alternating with 12 isolated lanthanum atoms. The conductivity properties have been measured and compared to the low temperature (β) polymorph.
Effects-driven chemical design: the acute toxicity of CO<sub>2</sub>-triggered switchable surfactants to rainbow trout can be predicted from octanol-water partition coefficients (2011)

For both environmental protection and improved energy efficiency, CO2-triggered switchable surfactants have been developed to change surface activity and solubility upon command. Surfactant activity is turned on by introduction of one atmosphere of CO2 and reversed by purging with air or nitrogen. These surfactants have numerous potential industrial applications related to their ability to stabilize and destabilize emulsions upon command. To assess their potential environmental impacts, we tested the acute toxicity of nine switchable surfactants to rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) at pH ∼8.0, typical of natural surface waters. The surfactants were synthesized in several variations, differing in the structure of the hydrophobic tail group, the hydrophilic head group, or both. A strong correlation between the log of the estimated octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) and the toxicity of eight switchable surfactants formed the basis of a structure–activity relationship that was used to design a ninth compound. That new compound had the lowest toxicity of all of the switchable surfactants tested. The effect of log P on acute toxicity was similar to that reported in the literature for other organic compounds. This model shows that despite the addition of varying functional groups, switchable surfactant toxicity remains largely dependent on log P and differs little from traditional non-switchable surfactants. The log P relationship developed provides a very useful tool for screening new compounds for acute toxicity.
The Y-box Motif Mediates Redox-dependent Transcriptional Activation in Mouse Cells (1995)

We show here that the OxyR response element (ORE) in the bacterial oxyR promoter can also function as a redox-dependent enhancer in mammalian cells. Fusion of ORE to an SV40 basal promoter driving chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression confers H2O2 inducibility to expression of the cat gene in mouse Hepa-1 hepatoma cells. Nuclear extracts from these cells contain DNA-binding proteins that specifically interact with ORE DNA, cannot be completed by cognate oligonucleotides to AP-1 or NF kappa B, and are constitutively expressed, since treatment with H2O2 causes no detectable changes in binding activity or DNA-protein interaction. Recombinant cDNA clones that express ORE-binding proteins were isolated from a mouse hepatoma expression library and found to be representatives of two different members of the murine Y-box family of transcription factors. Canonical Y-box and ORE oligonucleotides compete with each other for binding to Y-box proteins in gel shift assays and antibodies to FRGY2, a Xenopus Y-box protein, supershift both Y-box and ORE DNA-protein complexes. In addition, antisense oligonucleotides to mouse YB-1 mRNA abolish induction of ORE-mediated cat expression by H2O2, and luciferase reporter constructs containing ORE, or the Y-box from the human MHC class II HLA-DQ gene, exhibit identical dose-dependent H2O2 inducibilities, which can be abolished by addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the culture medium. These results suggest that the Y-box proteins may be an integral component of a eukaryotic redox signaling pathway.
The rat elastase I regulatory element is an enhancer that directs correct cell specificity and developmental onset of expression in transgenic mice. (1987)

A total of 134 base pairs of the 5' flanking sequence of the elastase I gene is sufficient and necessary to direct expression of the passive human growth hormone gene (hGH) to the exocrine pancreas. We demonstrate that this elastase I regulatory region contains a transcriptional enhancer which directs acinar cell-specific expression in transgenic animals. The elastase I enhancer specifies correct expression of the linked hGH gene in an orientation- and position-independent manner and can activate a heterologous promoter. The enhancer also directs the appropriate temporal activation of the hGH gene in the developing pancreas. Transcription is initiated correctly for the elastase I or hGH promoter, and the transcripts are correctly processed regardless of the enhancer position within or outside the fusion gene. The elastase I enhancer generates coincident DNase I-hypersensitive sites in pancreatic chromatin when moved 3 kilobases upstream or within the first intron of the hGH gene and when associated with the hGH promoter.
Rapid Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Exocytosis of Glutamate Receptor 2-Lacking AMPA Receptors to Extrasynaptic Plasma Membrane Potentiates Excitotoxicity (2008)

The postinjury inflammatory response in the CNS leads to neuronal excitotoxicity. Our previous studies show that a major component of this response, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), causes a rapid increase in AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) on the plasma membrane of cultured hippocampal neurons. This may potentiate neuron death through an increased vulnerability to AMPAR-dependent excitotoxic stress. Here, we test this hypothesis with an in vitro lactose dehydrogenase death assay and examine in detail the AMPAR surface delivery time course, receptor subtype, and synaptic and extrasynaptic distribution after TNFalpha exposure. These data demonstrate that surface levels of glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2)-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPARs peak at 15 min after TNFalpha treatment, and the majority are directed to extrasynaptic sites. TNFalpha also induces an increase in GluR2-containing surface AMPARs but with a slower time course. We propose that this activity contributes to excitotoxic neuron death because TNFalpha potentiation of kainate excitotoxicity is blocked by a Ca2+-permeable AMPAR antagonist [NASPM (1-naphthyl acetyl spermine)] and a specific phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3 kinase) inhibitor (LY294,002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one]) previously shown to block the TNFalpha-induced increase in AMPAR surface delivery. This information forms the basis for future in vivo studies examining AMPAR-dependent potentiation of excitotoxic neuron death and dysfunction caused by TNFalpha after acute injury and during neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders.