gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Phospholamban Gene Expression in Murine Cardiac Compartments (1995)

Phospholamban, the regulator of the Ca2+ pump in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, is differentially expressed between murine atrial and ventricular muscles. Quantitative analyses of RNA isolated from atrial flaps and ventricular apices indicated that the phospholamban gene transcript copy number is 2.5-fold higher in the ventricle compared with the atrium of the FVB/N mouse and 6-fold higher in the ventricle compared with the atrium of the B6D2/F1 mouse strain. These findings were corroborated by in situ hybridization studies of cardiopulmonary sections from both murine strains, and phospholamban transcripts were also observed in pulmonary myocardia of both strains. Analyses of phospholamban transcript levels relative to alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) revealed a 3-fold higher phospholamban abundance in the ventricle compared with the atrium of the FVB/N murine strain. However, the relative mRNA level of Ca(2+)-ATPase (ratio of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase [SERCA2] to alpha-MHC) in the ventricle was 80% of that in the atrium. Consequently, the relative ratio of phospholamban to SERCA2 mRNA was 4.2-fold lower in the atrium than in the ventricle. The lower transcript ratio of phospholamban to SERCA2 in the atrium was associated with significantly shortened times to half-relaxation (17.40 +/- 0.71 milliseconds for atrium versus 30.58 +/- 2.04 milliseconds for ventricle), assessed in isolated superfused cardiac tissue preparations recorded at maximum length tension. Contraction times, measured as times to peak tension, were also significantly shortened in atrial muscle (27.36 +/- 0.82 milliseconds) compared with ventricular muscle (44.60 +/- 2.55 milliseconds), assessed in the same tissue preparations. These findings suggest that phospholamban gene expression is differentially regulated in murine atrial and ventricular muscles and that this differential expression may be associated with differences in the contractile parameters of these cardiac compartments.
Modification of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin Co films due to the presence of overlayers (2002)

In order to understand the effect of interfacial strain on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of ultrathin Co films, ex situ Brillouin light scattering measurements were performed for various overlayer materials. The samples were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and Cu, Al, and Au were used as overlayer materials. We observed a decrease in PMA of the Co with the Cu and Al overlayers. In addition, we found an unexpected result that the PMA is significantly reduced when an Au overlayer of 35 Å is covered by an extra Al capping layer. The amount of this reduction depends on the thickness of the Al layer. Our results lead us to speculate that misfit strain at the interface between the Al and the Au can be propagated through the Au layer to affect the magnetic properties of Co.
Avalanche analysis from multi-electrode ensemble recordings in cat, monkey and human cerebral cortex during wakefulness and sleep (2012)

Self-organized critical states are found in many natural systems, from earthquakes to forest fires, they have also been observed in neural systems, particularly, in neuronal cultures. However, the presence of critical states in the awake brain remains controversial. Here, we compared avalanche analyses performed on different in vivo preparations during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep and REM sleep, using high-density electrode arrays in cat motor cortex (96 electrodes), monkey motor cortex and premotor cortex and human temporal cortex (96 electrodes) in epileptic patients. In neuronal avalanches defined from units (up to 160 single units), the size of avalanches never clearly scaled as power-law, but rather scaled exponentially or displayed intermediate scaling. We also analyzed the dynamics of local field potentials (LFPs) and in particular LFP negative peaks (nLFPs) among the different electrodes (up to 96 sites in temporal cortex or up to 128 sites in adjacent motor and pre-motor cortices). In this case, the avalanches defined from nLFPs displayed power-law scaling in double log representations, as reported previously in monkey. However, avalanche defined as positive LFP (pLFP) peaks, which are less directly related to neuronal firing, also displayed apparent power-law scaling. Closer examination of this scaling using more reliable cumulative distribution functions (CDF) and other rigorous statistical measures, did not confirm power-law scaling. The same pattern was seen for cats, monkey and human, as well as for different brain states of wakefulness and sleep. We also tested other alternative distributions. Multiple exponential fitting yielded optimal fits of the avalanche dynamics with bi-exponential distributions. Collectively, these results show no clear evidence for power-law scaling or self-organized critical states in the awake and sleeping brain of mammals, from cat to man.
Facet-Dependent Thermal Instability in LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (2017)

Thermal runaways triggered by the oxygen release from oxide cathode materials pose a major safety concern for widespread application of lithium ion batteries. Utilizing in situ aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) at high temperatures, we show that oxygen release from LixCoO2 cathode crystals is occurring at the surface of particles. We correlated this local oxygen evolution from the LixCoO2 structure with local phase transitions spanning from layered to spinel and then to rock salt structure upon exposure to elevated temperatures. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) results show that oxygen release is highly dependent on LixCoO2 facet orientation. While the [001] facets are stable at 300 °C, oxygen release is observed from the [012] and [104] facets, where under-coordinated oxygen atoms from the delithiated structures can combine and eventually evolve as O2. The novel understanding that emerges from the present study provides in-depth insights into the thermal runaway mechanism of Li-ion batteries and can assist the design and fabrication of cathode crystals with the most thermally stable facets.
Magnetic Field Induced Sign Reversal of the Anomalous Hall Effect in a Pyrochlore Ferromagnet<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">M</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>: Evidence for a Spin Chirality Mechanism (2003)

The anisotropic Hall effect and magnetization have been investigated for single crystals of Nd2Mo2O7 under high magnetic fields up to 27 T and at low temperatures down to 50 mK. The magnetization curves indicate that the Nd moments with strong Ising anisotropy are coupled antiferromagnetically with the Mo spins and show field-induced flipping on the respective sites. The Hall resistivity changes its sign with increasing field applied along the [111] direction, while it monotonously approaches zero with the field applied along the [100] or [110] direction. This behavior is in accord with the prediction by the Berry phase theory and is interpreted in terms of the field-induced reversal of spin chirality on the pyrochlore lattice.
<i>Ab initio</i> calculation of band edges modified by (001) biaxial strain in group IIIA–VA and group IIB–VIA semiconductors: Application to quasiparticle energy levels of strained InAs/InP quantum dot (2010)

Results of first-principles full potential calculations of absolute position of valence and conduction energy bands as a function of (001) biaxial strain are reported for group IIIA–VA (InAs, GaAs, InP) and group IIB–VIA (CdTe, ZnTe) semiconductors. Our computational procedure is based on the Kohn–Sham form of density functional theory (KS DFT), local spin density approximation (LSDA), variational treatment of spin-orbital coupling, and augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method (APW+lo). The band energies are evaluated at lattice constants obtained from KS DFT total energy as well as from elastic free energy. The conduction band energies are corrected with a rigid shift to account for the LSDA band gap error. The dependence of band energies on strain is fitted to polynomial of third degree and results are available for parameterization of biaxial strain coupling in empirical tight-binding models of IIIA–VA and IIB–VIA self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs). The strain effects on the quasiparticle energy levels of InAs/InP SAQD are illustrated with empirical atomistic tight-binding calculations.
TGFbeta1 effects on functional activity of porcine thyroid cells cultured in suspension (2002)

Thyrotropin (TSH) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) have major roles in the regulation of folliculogenesis and differentiation in thyroid cells. Isolated porcine thyroid cells cultured in the presence of TSH on a plastic surface recover a follicular architecture and exhibit normal functional properties. The addition of TGFbeta1 to the culture medium induces important morphological changes and extracellular matrix remodelling. Similarly, thyroid cells lose their ability to organify iodine and their responsiveness to adenylate cyclase. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of TGFbeta1 on the functional activity of thyrocytes in suspension culture, independent of follicle disruption. In this system, we demonstrate that TGFbeta1 inhibits expression of thyroperoxidase, NADPH oxidase activity, iodine uptake and, consequently, iodine organification. Moreover, TGFbeta1 decreases basal and TSH-stimulated cAMP production and TSH receptor expression. Taken together, these data converge to demonstrate an essential role of TGFbeta1 in the regulation of the thyroid cell function.
Recent Advances in Research on Antituberculars (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interwell Tracer Tests to Optimize Operating Conditions for a Surfactant Field Trial: Design, Evaluation and Implications (2011)

Abstract EOR by surfactant flooding is the key to unlock next billion barrels of oil for Minas, one of the world’s largest waterflood fields. An Interwell Tracer Test (ITT-1) was performed prior to a Surfactant Field Trial (SFT) to ensure well injectivity, demonstrate pattern confinement, quantitatively describe interwell connectivity and sweep efficiency, and provide sufficient data for reservoir evaluation. The tracer test was designed by numerical simulation. The test started in November 2009 and was terminated in February 2010. Analytical interpretation based on moment analysis and numerical reservoir simulations were conducted to evaluate ITT-1 results. Interpretation of the test results indicated various operational and reservoir properties that would have likely led to failure of the surfactant pilot. Hydraulic control of the SFT pattern was not achieved; in fact, less than 20% of one tracer was recovered. Many small scale heterogeneities were identified that led to a lower-than-expected reservoir volume contacted. Unexpected communication between the target sand and the underlying sands outside the pattern also contributed to low tracer recovery and low swept volume. The tracer test was history matched, and additional features were incorporated in the reservoir model, and a new tracer design (ITT-2) was optimized to correct low sweep efficiency and poor hydraulic control. New information from ITT-2 will be used to further optimize operating conditions for SFT. Failure to conduct the tracer tests would have likely revealed these unfavorable reservoir and operational conditions during the surfactant field trail. Had oil recovery been poor (due to low swept volume), it would have erroneously been attributed to a poor surfactant field trial rather than the true causes. ITT-1 is considered successful because it allowed us to redesign injection / hydraulic control during the relatively inexpensive tracer test and thus evaluate the surfactant trial without bias.
Study of the Micellization and Micellar Growth in Pure Alkanediyl-α-ω-Bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) Bromide and MEGA10 Surfactant Solutions and Their Mixtures. Influence of the Spacer on the Enthalpy Change Accompanying Sphere-to-Rod Transitions (2010)

The micellization and micellar growth in pure aqueous alkanediyl-alpha-omega-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) bromide, 12-s-12,2Br(-) (with s = 2,5,6,8,10,12), and N-decanoyl-N-methylglucamide MEGA10 solutions and their mixtures are investigated at 303 K. Application of different theoretical approaches to the binary mixtures shows a nonideal behavior. It also shows that the spacer length does not play an important role in the attractive interactions shown by the mixed systems. The sphere-to-rod morphological transition in the pure dimeric micellar solutions is studied at 303 K. From comparison of these results with those at 298 K the key role played by the spacer in the micellar growth is shown. The spacer length controls not only the surfactant concentration at which the morphological transition happens but also the sign of the enthalpy change accompanying the sphere-to-rod equilibrium. Spacers with an even number of methylenes show smaller C* values than those with an odd number of -CH(2)- units. An endothermic enthalpy change is found for even spacers whereas an exothermic enthalpy change is found for odd spacers. To the authors knowledge, this is the first time this experimental trend has been shown. Addition of MEGA10 diminishes the tendency of the aggregates to grow. An increment in the solution mole fraction of MEGA10 makes the formation of elongated micelles difficult. Microviscosity measurements provide additional information about the influence of the MEGA10 content on the sphere-to-rod transition.
Windows NT (1999)

Microsoft Windows NT is an excellent network operating system. It has many benefits, such as:
Watch-n-Patch: Unsupervised Learning of Actions and Relations (2017)

There is a large variation in the activities that humans perform in their everyday lives. We consider modeling these composite human activities which comprises multiple basic level actions in a completely unsupervised setting. Our model learns high-level co-occurrence and temporal relations between the actions. We consider the video as a sequence of short-term action clips, which contains human-words and object-words. An activity is about a set of action-topics and object-topics indicating which actions are present and which objects are interacting with. We then propose a new probabilistic model relating the words and the topics. It allows us to model long-range action relations that commonly exist in the composite activities, which is challenging in previous works. We apply our model to the unsupervised action segmentation and clustering, and to a novel application that detects forgotten actions, which we call action patching. For evaluation, we contribute a new challenging RGB-D activity video dataset recorded by the new Kinect v2, which contains several human daily activities as compositions of multiple actions interacting with different objects. Moreover, we develop a robotic system that watches and reminds people using our action patching algorithm. Our robotic setup can be easily deployed on any assistive robots.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Report of a Case with Discussion of Its Tinctorial Features (1955)

Journal Article Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Report of a Case with Discussion of Its Tinctorial Features Get access Edwin R. Fisher, M.D., Edwin R. Fisher, M.D. Departments of Pathology, Veterans Administration Hospital, and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Donald L. Creed, M.D. Donald L. Creed, M.D. Departments of Pathology, Veterans Administration Hospital, and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 25, Issue 6, 1 June 1955, Pages 620–628, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/25.6.620 Published: 01 June 1955 Article history Received: 03 February 1955 Accepted: 29 March 1955 Published: 01 June 1955
Design and implementation of a national data warehouse (2006)

The Information Technology is an essential support in the decisional process to improve manager' phenomena knowledge, that is often approximate and ill-structured. Tools underlying decision support systems (as OLAP systems, data mining, and data warehouses) have a central role in enterprise information systems. In this paper, we present the design and the implementation of a national data warehouse.
Prediction of High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Retention Data of Carboxamides and Oxadiazoles (1994)

Abstract Regression models that predict the high-performance liquid chromatographic retention behavior of carboxamides and oxadiazoles were proposed. A new intermolecular interaction parameter was developed that combines dispersion interaction and total water solvation shell surface energy ratio of structural(o, m, p) isomers to form nonpolar bonding constant descriptor. Also resonance effect constant and field effect constant were used as electronic descriptor. A three-variable model indicated high multiple correlation(R>0.996) between the observed and the calculated values.
Using Indifference Points in Engineering Decisions (2000)

Abstract Multi-criteria decision support methods are common in engineering design. These methods typically rely on the specification of importance weights to accomplish trade-offs among competing objectives. Such methods can have difficulties, however: they may not be able to select all possible Pareto optima, and the direct specification of importance weights can be arbitrary and ad hoc. The inability to reach all Pareto optima is shown to be surmountable by the consideration of trade-off strategy as an additional parameter of a decision. The use of indifference points to select a best solution, as an alternative to direct specification of importance weights, is presented, and a simple truss design example is used to illustrate the concepts.
Minimum Entropy Light and Shading Approximation (2006)

An estimation method for approximating the lighting of a multi-view scene is developed. It is assumed that a set of scene patches can be obtained with estimates of their normals and depths from a given camera. The effect of lighting on the scene is modelled as multiplicative and additive bias-fields, represented by spherical harmonic (SH) basis functions. Parameters of a weighted sum of SHs to a given order are sought by minimising the entropy of the patch colours as the bias is taken out. The method performs a gradient descent using the entropy as a loss function. The entropy is estimated by sampling using a Parzen window estimator which allows its change with respect to the SH weights to be calculated analytically. We illustrate our estimator on 2D retrospective shading correction and then define Phong illumination as a bias field estimation problem and its continuous generalisation. Results on simple modelled scenes lit by one or more Phong point light sources without scattering are presented. We discuss how the lighting estimation could be extended to handle shadows and propose a model for estimation of parametric BRDFs in arbitrary lighting using the same framework.
Uncalibrated X-Ray Stereo Reconstruction. (1995)

We describe a novel application of uncalibrated stereo reconstruction to Roentgen Stereophotogrammetry Analysis (RSA). In RSA, stereo X-ray images are taken of a bone containing a prosthesis (e.g. a replacement knee) and a number of metal markers. The aim is to recover the relative position of the prosthesis and markers in 3D. Accuracy in previous RSA methods has been limited by two factors: manual feature selection and an assumption that camera calibration parameters are known to high precision - this is not the case in practice. Furthermore, the manual processing is slow and tedious. We report progress towards developing a fully automatic RSA system. New algorithms are described for automatically localising marker points in X-ray images to sub-pixel accuracy, and using them to reconstruct accurate 3D positions using robust statistical methods. Preliminary experiments give excellent results.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the complex between a human anti-interferon antibody fragment and human interferon α-2A (2008)

Recombinant human interferon alpha-2A (rhIFN-alpha-2A) has been crystallized in complex with the recombinantly produced Fab fragment of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (MEDI545; IgG1/kappa) which targets several human interferon alpha subtypes. This constitutes the first reported crystals of a human type I interferon bound to an antibody. The orthorhombic crystals belonged to either space group I222 or I2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 134.82, b = 153.26, c = 163.49 A. The diffraction of the crystals extended to 3.0 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contained two Fab-rhIFN-alpha-2A complexes. This corresponded to a crystal volume per protein weight (V(M)) of 3.02 A(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 59.3%. The corresponding three-dimensional structure is expected to shed light on the mechanism of action of MEDI545 and the molecular basis of its specificity.
Substitutionsreaktionen an zinn‐ und siliciumhaltigen Verbindungen (1974)

Abstract [(CH 3 ) 3 Sn] 3 N reagiert mit den Silylchloriden (CH 3 ) 3 SiCl, (CH 3 ) 3 2 SiCl 2 , CH 3 SiCl 3 und SiCl 4 unter spaltung einer SnN‐Bindung. Dabei bilden sich die Verbindungen 1 – 4 . Bei der Umsetzung von 2 und 3 mit AgNCO und AgNCS entstehen die entsprechenden Pseudohalogenide 5 – 8 . Das Verhalten von [ CH 3 ) 3 Sn] 3 N, 1 , 2 , 3 und 7 gegenüber S 4 N 4 wird untersucht. Dabei Konnten die neuen Schwefeldiimide 9 und 10 isoliert werden.
Control of Enzymatic Synthesis of Adrenaline in the Adrenal Medulla by Adrenal Cortical Steroids (1966)

The activity of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the N-methylation of noradrenaline to form adrenaline, falls following hypophysectomy. Enzyme activity can be restored by injections of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or of dexamethasone, a potent synthetic glucocorticoid. The effect of ACTH on the adrenaline-forming enzyme is not direct, but involves stimulation of the release of endogenous glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. These steroids then act to elevate the activity of the transferase, which is principally localized in the adrenal medulla. The stimulation by glucocorticoids of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity can be blocked by the concurrent administration of puromycin or actinomycin D. Glucocorticoids do not stimulate the activity of other adrenal enzymes involved in catecholamine biosynthesis or metabolism, such as tyrosine hydroxylase, catechol O-methyltransferase, or monoamine oxidase.