gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential of old-generation antibiotics to address current need for new antibiotics (2008)

Despite the constantly increasing need for new antimicrobial agents, antibiotic drug discovery and development seem to have greatly decelerated in recent years. Presented with the significant problem of advancing antimicrobial resistance, the global scientific community has attempted to find alternative solutions; one of the most promising ones is the evaluation and use of old antibiotic compounds. Due to the low-level use of many of the old antibiotic compounds, these have remained active against a large number of currently prevalent bacterial isolates. Thus, clinicians are beginning to re-evaluate their use in various patient populations and infections, despite the fact that they were previously thought to be less effective and/or more toxic than newer agents. A number of old antibiotic compounds, such as polymyxins, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, cotrimoxazole, aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol, are re-emerging as valuable alternatives for the treatment of difficult-to-treat infections. The availability of novel genetic and molecular modification methods provides hope that the toxicity and efficacy drawbacks presented by some of these agents can be surpassed in the future.
Why We Need to Play (1957)

(1957). Why We Need to Play. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 12-62.
Equi-reflectance Contours of Triple-layer Anti-reflection Coatings (1964)

Calculations of reflectance as a function of wavelength have been carried out for many combinations of refractive indices, for the quarter-half-quarter wavelength construction of triple-layer anti-reflection coatings on glass at the angle of incidence 45°. The indices which provide the broadest region of very low reflectance were determined. Calculations of reflectance have been then carried out for the optimized triple-layer anti-reflection coatings for angles of incidence between 0° and 65°. Equi-reflectance contours were plotted to show the range of angles of incidence over which the reflectance is less than given values.
GALANIN ABOLISHES THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CHOLINERGIC BLOCKADE ON GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE-INDUCED SECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN MAN (1988)

In five healthy normal male volunteers, pretreatment with the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine (30 mg i.v.) almost abolished the growth hormone (GH) response to a maximal dose (120 micrograms i.v.) of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) (GH response at 40 min 5.6 + 1.3 mU/l with GHRH and pirenzepine vs 40.8 +/- 5.3 mU/l with GHRH alone, P less than 0.02). Concomitant i.v. infusion of galanin (40 pmol/kg/min) with pirenzepine not only restored but significantly potentiated the GH response to GHRH (GH at 40 min 72.2 +/- 10.5 mU/l, P less than 0.001 vs GHRH and pirenzepine, P less than 0.02 vs GHRH alone). Previous studies have proposed that cholinergic pathways control GH release via somatostatin and this study suggests that galanin may act by modulating hypothalamic somatostatinergic tone either directly or, possibly, by facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission.
Incidence of Group C Human Rotavirus in Central Australia and Sequence Variation of the VP7 and VP4 Genes (2004)

Human group C rotavirus was identified in central Australia in each of eight years over a 16-year period between 1982 and 1997. Cases occurred either sporadically but over a relatively short period of time or as clustered outbreaks. These are the only reports of human group C rotavirus in Australia other than that of a single case reported approximately 1,800 km away in 1982. The electrophoretic genome profiles of isolates were identical for all those identified within the same year but different between those identified in different years. The VP7 genes of four isolates identified in four different years over a 7-year period between 1987 and 1993, and the VP4 genes of two of these isolates showed relatively little variation in genome and deduced amino acid sequence upon comparison of the equivalent genes between isolates. The sequences were also very similar to those from the corresponding genes from most of the human group C rotavirus isolates from other countries. This continues the observation of a high degree of gene sequence conservation among human group C rotaviruses worldwide.
Clinical feasibility of minimally invasive cervical laminoplasty (2008)

Minimally invasive approaches to the cervical spine for lateral disc herniation or foraminal stenosis have recently been described. Lower rates of blood loss, decreased narcotic dependence, and less tissue destruction as well as shorter hospital stays are all advantages of utilizing these techniques. These observations can also be realized with a minimal access approach to cervical laminoplasty. Multiple levels of the cervical spine can be treated from a posterior approach with the potential to decrease the incidences of postoperative axial neck pain and kyphotic deformity. In this report the authors present a concise history of the open laminoplasty technique, provide data from previous cadaveric studies (6 cases) along with recent clinical experience for minimally invasive laminoplasty, and describe the advantages and challenges of this novel procedure.
Adaptive L-filters (1989)

A new adaptive filter structure is proposed which is based on linear combinations of order statistics (called adaptive L-filter). An efficient method to update the filter coefficients is presented, which is based on the least mean square error criterion. The proposed filter can adapt well to a variety of noise probability distributions, including impulsive noise. It also performs well in the case of nonstationary signals and, therefore, it is suitable for image processing applications. >
Tetrahydroprotoberberine--a new chemical type of antagonist of dopamine receptors. (1986)

In rats lesioned by unilateral micro-injection of 6-OHDA into substantia nigra, the apomorphine-induced contralateral rotation and the amphetamine-induced ipsilateral rotation were antagonized by THB, l-THP and haloperidol. Scopolamine reversed the antagonistic effect of THB against amphetamine. Thus, THB and l-THP exhibited the DA-receptor antagonistic property which was similar to that of haloperidol. l-SPD (10 mg/kg), however, only antagonized the amphetamine-challenged rotational response, while it could not antagonize, but potentiate, the apomorphine-challenged rotational response. So, l-SPD might be a partial agonistic antagonist of DA-receptors, and its effect was more potent than that of THB and l-THP. l-SPD would be ascertained further in clinic trial. From these results and others, the authors suggest that THPB is a new chemical type of antagonist of brain DA-receptors.
Mathematical Description of Linear Dynamical Systems (1963)

There are two different ways of describing uynamicu systems: (i) bymeans of state variables and (ii) by input/output relations. The first method may be regarded as an axiornatization of Newton’s laws of mechanics and is taken to be the basic definition of a system. It is then shown (in the linear case) that the input/output relations determine only one part of a system, that which is completely observable and completely controllable. Using the theory of controllability and observability, methods are given for calculating irreducible realization of a given impulse-response matrix. In particular, an explicit procedure is given to determine the minimal number of state variables necessary to realize a given transfer-function matrix. Difficulties arising from the use of reducible realizations are discussed briefly.
Production, Chemistry and Properties of Bacterial Pyrogens and Endotoxins (1971)

This chapter contains section titled: Preparation of Endotoxins and Lipopolysaccharides Location and Function of Endotoxins in Bacterial Cells Composition of Endotoxin Components Properties of Endotoxins and Lipopolysaccharides Heterogeneity Detoxification of Endotoxins Heat Stability of Lipopolysaccharides Molecular Basis for Biological Action of Endotoxins Other Pyrogens References Discussion
An Interfacial Oxime Reaction To Immobilize Ligands and Cells in Patterns and Gradients to Photoactive Surfaces (2008)

We report a molecularly controlled interfacial chemoselective methodology to immobilize ligands and cells in patterns and gradients to self-assembled monolayers on gold. This strategy is based on reacting soluble ketone or aldehyde tethered ligands to surface-bound oxyamine alkeanethiols to generate a covalent oxime linkage to the surface. We characterize the kinetic behavior of the reaction on the surface with ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (FcCHO) as a model ligand. The precise extent of immobilization and therefore surface density of FcCHO on the SAM is monitored and determined by cyclic voltammetry, which shows a peudo-first-order rate constant of 0.13 min(-1). In order to generate complex surface patterns and gradients of ligands on the surface, we photoprotected the oxyamine group with nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVOC). We show that ultraviolet light irradiation through a patterned microfiche film reveals the oxyamine group and we characterize the rate of deprotection by immobilization of ketone containing redox active groups. Finally, we extend this strategy to show biospecific cell attachment of fibroblast cells by immobilizing ketone-GRGDS peptides in patterns. The interfacial oxime reaction is chemoselective and stable at physiological conditions (pH 7.0, 37 degrees C) and may potentially be used to install ligands on the surface in the presence of attached cells to modulate the cell microenvironment to generate dynamic surfaces for monitoring changes in cell behavior in real time.
Preparation of γ-Alkylamides of Glutamic Acid (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of γ-Alkylamides of Glutamic AcidN. LichtensteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 5, 1021–1022Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01257a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01257a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Least-Squares Method for Computing Balance Corrections (1964)

To compute final correction masses for multispeed, multiplane balancing of rotating machinery, a least-squares computing procedure has been developed. This procedure uses plain least squares to minimize the rms residual vibration of selected points on the machinery foundation, and then uses weighted least squares to reduce the maximum residual vibration. The computations have been programmed for a digital computer.
Mathematical models and the control of homopolar and homo-heteropolar reactive synchronous machines with stator excitation (2010)

In this paper is presenting a reactive homopolar brushless synchronous machine (RHBSM) and a reactive homoheteropolar brushless synchronous machine (RHHBSM) with stator excitation destined to operate as low power generator or servomotor with variable speed. Hereby are presented two mathematical models, the orthogonal one and the one of the spatial phasors. Based on these, is designed the control system and are presented the results obtained by simulation. The work is presented as an integrated design of machines, drive and controller.
Expression and molecular characterization of alternative transcripts of the ARHGEF5/TIM oncogene specific for human breast cancer (2003)

The ARHGEF5/TIM oncogene belongs to the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho GTPases. It is well established that Rho-GEFs play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis through the activation of their substrates, the Rho GTPases. Little is known about ARHGEF5/TIM oncogene expression and cellular functions. Because of its localization close to the common fragile site FRA7I, which has been shown to be responsible for an inverted duplication of the 7q34-q35 region in breast carcinoma cells, we examined the expression of the ARHGEF5/TIM oncogene in normal and tumoral breast tissue. We report here the identification of five novel ARHGEF5/TIM alternative transcripts specifically expressed in breast tumors. These variant transcripts were characterized by the absence of one or several exons, all coding for the catalytic Dbl-homology domain and generating modified or truncated predicted variant proteins. The variant transcripts were predominantly expressed in breast carcinoma cell lines and in the most aggressive primary breast carcinomas, suggesting they may play a role in breast tumor progression. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression of recombinant ARHGEF5/TIM protein in transfected COS-7 and NIH-3T3 cells generated a loss of actin stress fibers and the formation of membrane ruffles and filopodia. This pattern suggests that ARHGEF5/TIM activates Rac1, Cdc42 or RhoG rather than RhoA, as previously demonstrated in in vitro guanine nucleotide exchange assays. We anticipate that the activation of the ARHGEF5/TIM oncogene, possibly by the variant isoforms detected here, may play an important role in proliferative breast disease.
Nb2O5 nanofiber memristor (2013)

Non-woven bead-free 100 μm long and 80–200 nm in diameter highly crystalline orthorhombic T-Nb2O5 nanofibers were sintered by sol-gel assisted electrospinning technique. Electrical and dielectric spectroscopy tests of individual fibers clamped onto Pt coated Si substrate were performed using a spreading resistance mode of atomic force microscope. Reproducible resistive switching with ON-OFF resistance ratio as high as 2 × 104 has a bipolar character, starts with a threshold voltage of 0.8–1.7 V, and follows by continuous growth of conductivity. Resistive memory effect is associated with a voltage-driven accumulation/depletion of oxygen vacancies at Nb2O5/Pt cathode interface. Poole-Frenkel emission from the electronic states trapped at reduced NbOx complexes determines a shape of Nb2O5/Pt diode I-V characteristics. Simple thermodynamic model explains a threshold character of switching, relates experimentally observed characteristics in low and high resistive states, and gives a reasonable estimate of the concentration of oxygen vacancies.
Effectiveness and Safety of Rizatriptan Benzoate 10 mg in the Treatment of Migraine Headaches (2010)

Background Patients that do not achieve therapeutic response with over the counter non-triptan medications may benefit from triptan-based treatments. Objective Phase I V, open-label, multi-center, prospective cohort study assessing the effectiveness of rizatriptan in the management of migraines for patients that have not responded to non-triptan treatment. Methods Patients were treated with one rizatriptan (MAXALT RPD ® ) 10 mg wafer at the onset of each migraine attack and were assessed after a minimum of one and a maximum of two consecutive headache episodes. Outcome measures included self-reported assessments (severity and duration of migraine headache) and the Migraine ACT questionnaire. Results A total of 369 patients were enrolled, of which 291 and 215 reported one and two attacks, respectively. For the first and second attacks, 47.2% and 53.9% of patients reported complete resolution of pain while 73.6% and 77.0% reported pain severity reduction within two hours of onset. Mean (SD) pain severity score (four-point Likert scale) during the 488 migraine episodes was reduced significantly ( P < 0.001) from 2.56 (0.49) at onset to 1.91 (0.85) at 30, 1.31 (1.00) at 60 and 0.84 (1.00) at 120 minutes. Similar improvements were observed for changes in Migraine ACT questionnaire scores. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. The most frequently reported non-serious adverse events that were attributed to the study drug were dizziness (2.2%), chest discomfort (1.1%), nausea (1.1%), and somnolence (0.8%). Conclusion In a real-life setting, rizatriptan benzoate 10 mg is effective and safe in the treatment of acute migraine headaches in patients who do not respond to non-triptan treatment.
Geografía Humana de Mallorca (1999)

We have studied the dissociative recombination (DR) of molecular hydrogen ions with slow electrons over a range of collision energies from 0 to 400 meV. By employing a pulsed expansion source for rotational cooling and by exploiting super elastic collisions with near-0-eV electrons in a heavy ion storage ring for vibrational cooling, we observe a highly structured DR cross section, comparable to that reported for HD+. Using para-hydrogen-enriched ion beams, we identify for the first time features in the DR cross sections attributed to nu=0, J=even molecules (para-H2) and nu=0, J=odd (ortho-H2) molecules, separately. Indications are given that para levels have different DR rate coefficients from ortho levels for the first four vibrational levels at near-0-eV collisions.
What you can and cannot see in TMJ imaging - an overview related to the RDC/TMD diagnostic system (2010)

In the current version (I) of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is not required for a diagnosis. Research has shown that radiological findings of the TMJ do not always support the clinical findings of the RDC/TMD diagnosis. But imaging should only be performed when it is known that it could contribute to (i) a proper diagnosis and (ii) treatment with a better prognosis. Several techniques are used to image the TMJ: panoramic radiography, plain radiography, conventional and computed tomography (CT), digital volume tomography or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Osseous changes are best visualized in tomography, and the newly developed CBCT is a promising method but must be evaluated in a comparative analysis with other tomographic techniques. And although MRI is the method of choice for imaging the disc, a systematic review found the evidence grade for the diagnostic efficacy of MRI to be insufficient. Today, there is no clear evidence for when TMD patients should be examined with imaging methods. Future research designs should be randomized controlled trials where various radiological examination findings are analysed in relation to therapeutic outcome. In future versions of the RDC/TMD diagnostic system, recommended radiographic techniques must be evaluated and defined, diagnostic criteria well defined and observers calibrated.
Real-time remote rendering of large 3D models on smartphones using multi-layered impostors (2013)

We present a novel 3D-image-based client-server streaming approach, as an alternative to current video-based streaming for engineering applications on mobile devices.
Holistic PIM: Managing personal information for a nomadic generation (2008)

We examine the Personal Information needs and opportunities arising from the widespread introduction of mobile computing as a social medium and personal and professional life management tool by an ever increasing proportion of the population in developed countries. We argue that the current personal information management modalities, carried over from traditional computing practices, are significantly lacking in light of the demands and needs of a mobile generation. We propose a holistic, integrating approach to personal information management, based on the interaction of the mobile device with its environment, and discuss current technology and its potential in supporting advanced, intelligent life management tools.
NEOPILOT: an integrated ISDN fault management system (2002)

A network fault management system called NEOPILOT (network operations system for isolation and localization of troubles in the network) is introduced. NEOPILOT collects network fault indication data such as circuit trouble messages and transmission alarm data from local operations systems and analyzes them to clarify fault causes. NEOPILOT makes the best use of expert system technologies to localize networkwide faults and outlines restoration procedures to maintenance operators. A statistical analysis function is included in NEOPILOT to clarify intermittent failure causes. For rapid fault location, NEOPILOT analyzes correlations between fault messages and alarms and infers the fault location based on a hierarchical AI (artificial intelligence) engineering method. For appropriate healing measures, NEOPILOT analyzes the affected circuits using a network configuration database, estimates the affected grade of service by forecasting the affected traffic quantity and infers healing measures using AI technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Utopias and dystopias (2012)

It is nearly five hundred years since Thomas More's Utopia (1516) was first published, inaugurating a literary genre that continues to provoke new thinking and sometimes-virulent argument. Utopia originally appeared in Latin (the first English translation was published in 1551), More building into its title a pun in Greek on 'ou' (meaning 'no') and 'eu' (meaning 'good') compounded with 'topos', or place. From the outset, then, 'Utopia' was a paradox, a good place that is no place. To add to the literary knowingness of the text, More himself appears as a character, as does his friend Peter Giles, both of whom engage in extended discussion with Raphael Hythloday, a traveller claiming to have visited Utopia. Hythloday reports enthusiastically on Utopia's superiority to Europe. But while Hythloday says that he has voyaged with the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci to the New World, his name is another comic hybrid, as Robert M. Adams explains: The first root of 'Hythloday' is surely Greek huthlos, meaning nonsense; the second part of the name may suggest daien, to distribute, i.e., a nonsense-peddler. A fantastical trilingual pun could make the whole name mean 'God heals [Heb., Raphael] through the nonsense [Gr. huthlos] of God [lat., dei] (More, 1992: f/n 9,
SchNetPack: A Deep Learning Toolbox For Atomistic Systems (2018)

SchNetPack is a toolbox for the development and application of deep neural networks that predict potential energy surfaces and other quantum-chemical properties of molecules and materials. It contains basic building blocks of atomistic neural networks, manages their training, and provides simple access to common benchmark datasets. This allows for an easy implementation and evaluation of new models. For now, SchNetPack includes implementations of (weighted) atom-centered symmetry functions and the deep tensor neural network SchNet, as well as ready-to-use scripts that allow one to train these models on molecule and material datasets. Based on the PyTorch deep learning framework, SchNetPack allows one to efficiently apply the neural networks to large datasets with millions of reference calculations, as well as parallelize the model across multiple GPUs. Finally, SchNetPack provides an interface to the Atomic Simulation Environment in order to make trained models easily accessible to researchers that are not yet familiar with neural networks.