gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant action of Vaccinium myrtillus L. (1998)

Vaccinium myrtillus L. is a well-known bilberry shrub belonging to the Ericaceae family. It has been reported to have multiple pharmacological activities from its anthocyanosidic fraction: ophthalmic, vasoprotective, antiinflammatory, wound-healing, antiulcer and antiatherosclerosis. It is to be expected that several activities might be related to a possible antioxidant action from anthocyanosides. An anthocyanoside complex extract from Vaccinium myrtillus was tested for its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. An antiperoxidative action of this V. myrtillus extract was assayed by the Fe3+-ADP/NADPH method in rat liver microsomes. Interaction of this anthocyanoside extract with hydroxyl radicals was evaluated in the Fe3+-EDTA-H2O2 deoxyribose system. The superoxide scavenging action of this plant extract was established according to the reaction of phenazine methasulphate in the presence of NADH and molecular oxygen. The anthocyanoside complex extract was able to inhibit lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 50.28 μg/mL) and to scavenge superoxide anion (IC50 < 25 μg/mL). The ability to remove hydroxyl radical exerted by this extract was detectable from 50 μg/mL of extract in the reaction mixture. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rationalizing the Reactivity of Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Thermodynamics of H<sub>2</sub> Activation and the Role of Acid−Base Properties (2009)

The acid-base strengths of recently reported frustrated Lewis pairs and their relation with the thermodynamic feasibility of heterolytic hydrogen splitting reactions are analyzed in terms of quantum chemical calculations. Reaction free energies of hydrogenation processes are computed, and an energy partitioning scheme is introduced, which involves quantitative measures of the acidity and basicity of the reacting Lewis centers. Additional terms are also included that account for possible dative bond formation between the active sites and for stabilizing electrostatic interactions occurring in the product species. For intermolecular combinations of donor-acceptor components, the calculated reaction free energies are found to correlate well with the cumulative acid-base strengths. Product stabilization for these systems represents a notable contribution to the overall energetics; however, it generally shows only a slight variation for the investigated series. The reactivity of linked donor-acceptor pairs is primarily governed by acid-base properties as well, but the magnitude of stabilizing effects arising from acid-base cooperativity of active sites is also of significant importance in determining the thermodynamic feasibility of the reactions.
Multi-user chirp modulation signals (M-CM) for efficient multiple-access communication systems (2002)

We present a novel technique for a multi-user communication system utilizing binary chirp modulated (CM) signals. This suggested technique is motivated by the inherent interference rejection capability of such spread-spectrum type system, specially in circumstances where immunity against Doppler shift and fading due to multipath propagation are important. The chirp signals used are selected such that they all have the same power as well as the same bandwidth. Closed form expressions, as well as approximate analytical expressions, for the cross-coherence functions between the different forms of considered chirp signals are derived. The performance of a suggested coherent receiver structure is investigated and the corresponding error rates are presented. The results show that the proposed multi-user chirp signaling technique is efficient and promising as a multiple-access technique.
Effects of Passive Immunization of Ewes Against an Inhibin-Peptide on Gonadotropin Levels, Ovulation Rate, and Prolificacy1 (1995)

The experimental objectives were to determine whether injection of semi-purified (sp; ammonium sulfate-precipitated) and highly purified (hp; immunoaffinity-purified) ovine antibody (Ab) against an inhibin-peptide fragment (alpha-IF) before the preovulatory period would 1) stimulate FSH secretion in a dose-response manner, 2) induce an increase in ovulation rate, and 3) affect pregnancy rate and prolificacy (lambs born alive per ewe lambing). During the early breeding season, estrus was synchronized in 30 2-yr-old crossbred ewes through use of progesterone-releasing pessaries (CIDR-G). Two doses (330 and 660 laboratory reference preparation [RP-2] kU) of sp- and hp-alpha-IF-Ab were injected i.m. 48 h before CIDR-G removal (6 ewes per group). Six other ewes received control solution. Plasma alpha-IF-Ab titers peaked at 12 h postinjection. Plasma FSH levels were higher (p < 0.02) in alpha-IF-Ab-treated ewes than in control ewes from 12 to 24 h postimmunization. Magnitudes of FSH increases were similar in ewes administered sp- and hp-alpha-IF-Ab and were greater (p < 0.05) in ewes receiving 660 than in those receiving 330 RP-2 kU. Compared to control values, the higher alpha-IF-Ab dose increased FSH levels by 44 +/- 5% and the lower dose increased the levels by 22 +/- 3%. Plasma LH levels were similar among passively immunized and control sheep. Ovulation rate was increased (p < 0.0005) by alpha-IF-Ab treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Review on Freeze Drying of Drugs with<i>tert</i>-Butanol (TBA) + Water Systems: Characteristics, Advantages, Drawbacks (2012)

International audience
Effects of secondary interactions on the kinetics of peptide and peptide ester hydrolysis by tissue kallikrein and trypsin (1987)

Kinetic constants for the hydrolysis by porcine tissue beta-kallikrein B and by bovine trypsin of a number of peptides related to the sequence of kininogen (also one containing a P2 glycine residue instead of phenylalanine) and of a series of corresponding arginyl peptide esters with various apolar P2 residues have been determined under strictly comparative conditions. kcat and kcat/Km values for the hydrolysis of the Arg-Ser bonds of the peptides by trypsin are conspicuously high. kcat for the best of the peptide substrates, Ac-Phe-Arg-Ser-Val-NH2, even reaches kcat for the corresponding methyl ester, indicating rate-limiting deacylation also in the hydrolysis of a peptide bond by this enzyme. kcat/Km for the hydrolysis of the peptide esters with different nonpolar L-amino acids in P2 is remarkably constant (range 1.7), as it is for the pair of the above pentapeptides with P2 glycine or phenylalanine. kcat for the ester substrates varies fivefold, however, being greatest for the P2 glycine compounds. Obviously, an increased potential of a P2 residue for interactions with the enzyme lowers the rate of deacylation. In contrast to results obtained with chymotrypsin and pancreatic elastase, trypsin is well able to tolerate a P3 proline residue. In the hydrolysis of peptide esters, tissue kallikrein is definitely superior to trypsin. Conversely, peptide bonds are hydrolyzed less efficiently by tissue kallikrein and the acylation reaction is rate-limiting. The influence of the length of peptide substrates is similar in both enzymes and indicates an extension of the substrate recognition site from subsite S3 to at least S'3 of tissue kallikrein and the importance of a hydrogen bond between the P3 carbonyl group and Gly-216 of the enzymes. Tissue kallikrein also tolerates a P3 proline residue well. In sharp contrast to the behaviour of trypsin is the very strong influence of the P2 residue in tissue-kallikrein-catalyzed reactions. kcat/Km varies 75-fold in the series of the dipeptide esters with nonpolar L-amino acid residues in P2, a P2 glycine residue furnishing the worst and phenylalanine the best substrate, whereas this exchange in the pentapeptides changes kcat/Km as much as 730-fold. This behaviour, together with the high value of kcat/Km for Ac-Phe-Arg-OMe of 3.75 X 10(7) M-1 s-1, suggests rate-limiting binding (k1) in the hydrolysis of the best ester substrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Strangers and secrets: communication in the nineteenth-century novel (1994)

What happens when we communicate with other people? To whom can we talk? What can we tell them? How can we tell it? How sure can we be of what other people are talling us? This book studies novels from nineteenth-century England in light of these questions.
On designing a flexible e-payment system with fraud detection capability (2004)

Nowadays security measures especially fraud detection has become an imperative issue in the design of online payment systems. In addition to standard network security schemes such as data encryption and firewalls, payment systems with internal logics that are capable of detecting fraud transaction, and even potential fraud transactions are preferred by both users and solution providers. Currently on the market one can easily purchase a software package for implementing an e-payment system with most standard payment functions. Fraud detection capability, usually implemented as an extra add-on internal logic in the system, however is not included in most packages. It would have to be built in-house. This paper sheds some light on the designing issues on this add-on fraud detection module, namely fraud detection manager. The design is based on the concept of atomic transactions called Coupons that we implemented in e-wallet accounts. This is a relatively simple approach to deter fraud and resolve dispute without the use of digital signing (Peha and Khamitov, 2003). Some issues in handling fraud transactions are discussed from our experiences in operating a commercial e-wallet service.
Orthogonal Bases Approach for the Decomposition of Mixed Pixels in Hyperspectral Imagery (2009)

The N-FINDR algorithm has been widely used in hyperspectral image analysis for endmember extraction due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, there are several disadvantages of implementing the N-FINDR. This letter proposes an algorithm for decomposition of mixed pixels. It improves the N-FINDR in several aspects. First, an iterative Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is applied in the endmember searching process to replace the matrix determinant calculation used in N-FINDR, which makes this algorithm run very fast and can also guarantee the stability of its final results. Second, with the set of orthogonal bases obtained by the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, the algorithm can also help to estimate the proper number of endmembers and unmix the original images by itself. In addition, unlike the N-FINDR, a dimensionality reduction transform is not necessary in this algorithm. Experimental results of both simulated images and practical remote sensing images demonstrate that this algorithm is a fast and accurate algorithm for the decomposition of mixed pixels.
Optimization of Quasi-Optical Launchers for Multifrequency Gyrotrons (2007)

Recent techniques that were developed for the synthesis of mode converters in quasi-optical launchers for single-frequency gyrotrons have been applied to the optimization of launchers for multifrequency gyrotrons. Using those techniques, a significant performance enhancement of a multifrequency launcher can be obtained.
BibSonomy: a social bookmark and publication sharing system (2006)

Although vasectomy is a safe and highly effective method of contraception, uptake is variable globally, with scope for increased engagement in high income nations. Very little qualitative research has been published in recent years to explore men's perspectives on vasectomy, which represents a key opportunity to better understand and strengthen men's contribution to reproductive and contraception equality. This paper takes a scoping review approach to identify key findings from the small but important body of qualitative literature. Recent masculinities research argues that, despite some expansion in ways of being masculine, an underpinning ethos of <i>masculinist</i> dominance remains. Extant research on men's attitudes to vasectomy supports this ambivalent picture, indicating that while there are extending repertoires of masculinity for men to draw on in making sense of vasectomy, many remain underpinned by masculinist narratives. There remains scope for education and health promotion ensuring vasectomy is viewed as a suitable and safe option by more men of reproductive age. Increased uptake of vasectomy may also help shift the longstanding social expectation that women take primary responsibility for contraceptive practices, challenging gender discourses on contraception.
Potential of biopesticides in agriculture (1993)

Abstract All living organisms are subject to predation, parasitism or competition from other organisms. The study of these interactions has led to the identification of many potential opportunities for the use of living organisms as biopesticides to protect agricultural crops against insect pests, fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, weeds, nematodes and mollusc pests. A range of biopesticide products (including as active agents bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa, viruses and beneficial insects) are now available commercially for control of insect pests, fungal and bacterial diseases and weeds. However, world biopesticide sales in 1990 were estimated to be $120 million, representing less than 0–5% of the world agrochemical market. Over 90% of biopesticide sales are represented by a single product type, containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berl., for control of insect pests. Nevertheless, biopesticide sales are estimated to be increasing at 10–25% per annum whilst the world agrochemical market is static or even shrinking. There has been a significant renewal of commercial interest in biopesticides as evidenced by the substantial number of alliances forged between major agrochemical companies and biotechnology companies which allow these major companies access to marketing rights to novel biopesticides. This paper reviews the current commercial status of biopesticides and discusses the technical and commercial constraints which have impeded development of biopesticides in the past. Novel developments in R&D, which may enable some of these constraints to be overcome, are examined by reference to a number of specific examples (some of which arise from the author's own experience in a biotechnology company). The future prospects for biopesticides are discussed in the light of technical advances and commercial and regulatory requirements.
Research on Curriculum Design of Higher Vocational Education Based-on QFD (2012)

The currently irrational curriculum design of advanced vocational education leads to the problem between personnel training and market requirements in our country. Aiming at this, the paper establishes "House of Quality" for the curriculum design by introducing the technique of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and hereby proposes a new method of curriculum design of higher vocational education.
Use of Nonwood Plant Fibers for Pulp and Paper Industry in Asia: Potential in China (1998)

The pulp and paper industry around the world has been growing rapidly. As a result there has been a huge demand for pulp and paper making raw material. Recent years have seen a spurt in use of nonwood fibers being used as a raw material for this purpose. Although some of the nonwood fibers used for papermaking are used because of their fine paper making qualities, majority of nonwood fibers is used to overcome the shortage of wood fibers. As a result their use is more widespread in countries with shortage of wood. The use of nonwood fibers in pulp and paper industry is fraught with problems. Right from supply of raw material to the properties of finished paper, majority of nonwood raw material has proven to be economically inferior to wood. But over the last few years, technological breakthrough in almost all the fields of papermaking have made nonwood more competitive with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till recently, use of nonwood fibers for pulp and paper making was concentrated in countries with limited wood supply, it is now showing an increasing trend even in countries with adequate wood supply due to environmental considerations. With time this trend can be expected to grow further and it can be safely said that the future of nonwood plant fibers as pulping and papermaking raw material looks bright.
Double snapback in SOI nMOSFETs and its application for SOI ESD protection (1993)

Double snapback in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nMOSFETs is reported. An extensive experimental analysis of this phenomenon and a tentative model are presented. It is shown that this double-snapback phenomenon offers a basis for an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection concept for SOI technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sleep-related problems of Parkinson’s disease (2006)

Sleep disorders associated with PD are a common and under-recognised problem. The assessment of sleep should be part of the routine evaluation of patients with PD, and large-scale controlled therapeutic trials are necessary.
Protection by Glycyrrhizin against Warm Ischemia‐Reperfusion–Induced Cellular Injury and Derangement of the Microcirculatory Blood Flow in the Rat Liver (2009)

Early bleb formation with deranged microcirculatory flow and leukocyte-endothelium interaction would appear to contribute to I/R-induced hepatocellular injury. Glycyrrhizin exerts its hepatoprotective effect by preventing these changes, in addition to a direct cellular effect.
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin sensitizes murine fibroblasts and human tumor cells to radiation and blocks induction of p53 following DNA damage. (1996)

AT cells are extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation. Since the AT gene has homology to phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI 3-kinases), wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, was used to determine if PI 3-kinase activity regulates radiation sensitivity. Human and murine cells exposed to wortmannin alone did not display significant cytotoxicity. Wortmannin in combination with radiation was an effective radiosensitizer of murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, with a sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.8 at 10% survival, and had a similar effect on the human tumor cell lines HeLa, SW480, and MCF-7. Wortmannin inhibited the induction of p53 DNA-binding activity by actinomycin D and radiation and blocked the transcriptional activation of a p53 CAT reporter gene by actinomycin D. Wortmannin radiosensitized both wild-type (NIH-3T3 and MCF-7) and mutant (SW480 and HeLa) p53 cells, indicating that p53 induction was not required for radiosensitization by wortmannin. The results suggest that a wortmannin-sensitive pathway, possibly involving PI 3-kinase activity, may regulate the response of the cells to DNA damage.
Tools for Combinatorial Chemistry:  Real-Time Single-Bead Infrared Analysis of a Resin-Bound Photocleavage Reaction (1997)

The feasibility of using infrared spectroscopy for the real-time, in situ analysis of resin-bound photocleavable linkers from a single bead is illustrated using infrared microscopy. Results indicate this technique to be an extremely powerful tool for the analysis of photocleavage reactions directly on the solid-phase support. This report further details methodology providing a very high degree of automation to eliminate many of the sampling problems associated with batch analysis.
Photochemical and thermal rearrangements of some 3<i>H</i>-pyrazoles (1979)

Low temperature (−70 °C) irradiation of 3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-3H-pyrazole (2a) leads to the formation of the 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-ene (3a), as has been reported previously. Irradiation of 3,3-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-3H-pyrazole (2b) under identical conditions did not result in formation of the analogous product but lead instead to formation of the cyclopropene via decomposition of the vinyl diazo compound. The thermal rearrangements of 2a and a series of 5-aryl-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-pyrazoles (2b–d) lead to formation of the 4H-pyrazoles 6a–d and the N-methylpyrazoles 5a–d, resulting from competitive methyl migrations to carbon and nitrogen. The Arrhenius parameters for the rearrangement of 2b were determined. Decomposition of the methiodides derived from the 4H-pyrazoles 6a–d leads to formation of the N-methylpyrazoJes 5a–d; the mechanism of this decomposition was examined by high temperature 1 Hmr spectroscopy. The N-methylpyrazoles were synthesized by independent routes and the structures were assigned with the aid of lanthanide shift reagents, 1 Hmr solvent shift studies, and 13 Cmr spectroscopy. The thermodynamic equilibria of the isomeric N-methylpyrazoles were determined and found to be influenced by a small substituent effect. The photochemical and thermal behaviour of 3H-pyrazoles is discussed and compared to that of 1-pyrazolines.
The Negative Side of Positive Psychology (2004)

This article explores three ways in which the positive psychology movement’s construction and presentation of itself are negative. First, the negative side is construed as the negative side effects of positive psychology’s dominant, separatist message. Second, the negative side is construed as the negativity that can be found within the positive psychology movement. Here the author elaborates on the negative or dismissive reactions of some spokespersons for the movement to ideas or views that run counter to the movement’s dominant message: (a) negativity about negativity itself, which is explored by way of research in health psychology and coping styles; and (b) negativity about the wrong kind of positivity, namely, allegedly unscientific positivity, especially that which Seligman purports to find within humanistic psychology. This constitutes an epistemological position that contributes to “reality problems” for positive psychologists. The author concludes with the implications of positive psychology’s “Declaration of Independence” for psychology’s much discussed fragmentation woes. She appeals to the wisdom of William James for guidance in finding a third, more positive meaning of positive psychology’s negative side. This third meaning can be gleaned from a not-yet-dominant but more integrative message emerging within the movement, one compatible with the reactions of some humanistic psychologists to positive psychology.
Ring Enlargements. V. The Preparation of 2-Arylcycloheptanones and 2-Aryl-2-cycloheptenones<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing Enlargements. V. The Preparation of 2-Arylcycloheptanones and 2-Aryl-2-cycloheptenones1C. David Gutsche and Emil F. JasonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 6, 1184–1187Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01587a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01587a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts