gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some approaches to new antibacterial agents (2007)

Abstract Bacteria use a number of resistance mechanisms to counter the antibacterial challenge, and one of these is the expression of transmembrane protein-based efflux pumps which can pump out antibacterials from within the cells, thus lowering the antibacterial concentration to nonlethal levels. For example, in S. aureus , the NorA pump can pump out the antibacterial alkaloid berberine and ciprofloxacin. One general strategy to reduce the health threat of resistant bacteria is to block a major bacterial resistance mechanism at the same time as interfering with another bacterial pathway or target site. New developments of this approach in the context of dual-action prodrugs and dual-action (or hybrid) drugs in which one action is targeted at blocking the NorA efflux pump and the second action at an alternative bacterial target site (or sites) for the antibacterial action are discussed. The compounds are based on a combination of 2-aryl-5-nitro-1 H -indole derivatives (as the NorA efflux pump blocking component) and derivatives of berberine. General design principles, syntheses, antibacterial testing, and preliminary work on modes of action studies are discussed.
Evaluation of the Cyclohexadienone Annulation of Chromium-Carbene Complexes for the Synthesis of Taxodione (1989)

The cyclohexadienone annulation of chromium-carbene complexes with alkynes is evaluated for its application to the synthesis of taxodione and related diterpenes. It is found that this reaction is tolerant of the steric congestion and the presence of functional groups necessary to produce good yields of decaladienones to serve as advanced intermediates in the synthesis of the tumor inhibitor taxodione.
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF A FRAMESHIFT MUTATION IN THE α<sub>1</sub>‐GLOBIN GENE ASSOCIATED WITH α‐THALASSAEMIA (1997)

A frameshift mutation in the alpha1-globin gene, responsible for a clinically mild alpha-thalassaemia phenotype, has been characterized in a Spanish woman. After excluding the most common forms of alpha-thalassaemia found in the Mediterranean area, both alpha-globin genes (alpha1 and alpha2) were amplified and analysed selectively by non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). An abnormal SSCP mobility was present in the second exon of the alpha1-globin gene and direct sequence analysis revealed a 13 bp deletion (between codons 51 and 55) affecting a single allele. The consequence of this mutation is a reading frameshift leading to a novel amino acid coding sequence from codons 51-61 and a premature stop signal at new position 62, which results in a net reduction of the affected alpha-globin chain output. The presence of this new mutation was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis of the specific PCR product.
A Proteomic Investigation of Drug-Induced Steatosis in Rat Liver (2004)

A significant problem faced by pharmaceutical companies today is the failure of lead compounds in the later stages of development due to unexpected toxicities. We have used two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify a proteomic signature associated with hepatocellular steatosis in rats after dosing with a compound in preclinical development. Liver toxicity was monitored over a 5 day dosing regime using blood biochemical parameter measurements and histopathological analysis. As early as 6 h postdosing, livers showed hepatocellular vacuolation, which increased in extent and severity over the course of the study. Alterations in plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were not detected until the third day of dosing and changed in magnitude up to the final day. The proteomic changes were observed at the earliest time point, and many of these could be associated with known toxicological mechanisms involved in liver steatosis. This included up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase, which are involved in acetyl-CoA production, and down-regulation of sulfite oxidase, which could play a role in triglyceride accumulation. In addition, down-regulation of the chaperone-like protein, glucose-regulated protein 78, was consistent with the decreased expression of the secretory proteins serum paraoxonase, serum albumin, and peroxiredoxin IV. The correlation of these protein changes with the clinical and histological data and their occurrence before the onset of the biochemical changes suggest that they could serve as predictive biomarkers of compounds with a propensity to induce liver steatosis.
COMPLICATIONS OF ONE STAGE ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION OF RECTUM (1942)

It is instructive to review the complications in any series of cases of a standard procedure. One may avoid some, recognize some early and by so doing institute therapy which may reduce morbidity or mortality. Until Jan. 1, 1942 my associates and I have had an experience with more than 500 cases of one stage abdominoperineal resections for cancer of the rectum, some of the complications of which I will enumerate. In general they are those attendant on any major pelvic operation; some are more common, while others, which one might presume to be frequent, are significant by their absence. Parotitis is not common (about 5 per cent). It seems to run in cycles, months elapsing between groups of a few cases. Manning<sup>1</sup>at the Cleveland Clinic reviewed a series of cases in which the biophotometer test was made for the level of vitamin A. A low level is
The Population History of Extant and Extinct Hyenas (2005)

We have analyzed partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from extant striped, brown, and spotted hyenas as well as from Pleistocene cave hyenas. Sequences of the Pleistocene cave hyenas from Eurasia and modern spotted hyenas from Africa are intermixed in phylogenetic analyses, questioning any taxonomic delineation between the two groups. Contrary to cave hyenas in Eurasia, spotted hyenas in Africa show a phylogeographic pattern with little geographical overlap between two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clades, suggesting two Pleistocene refugia in the north and south of Africa. Our results, furthermore, suggest three waves of migration from Africa to Eurasia for spotted hyenas, around 3, 1, and 0.3 MYA. A recent emigration of striped hyenas from Africa to Eurasia took place less than 0.1 MYA, resulting in a dramatic expansion of the geographical range of striped hyenas. In striped hyenas and within the geographical range of mtDNA clades in spotted hyenas, we found identical sequences several thousand kilometers apart, indicating a high rate of migration during the Pleistocene as well as the Holocene. Both striped and brown hyenas show low amounts of genetic diversity, with the latter ones displaying just a single haplotype.
REVIEWS (1990)

REVIEWS Get access William Wordsworth: A Life. By STEPHEN GILL. Pp. xx+526. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. £17.50 net. NICHOLAS ROE NICHOLAS ROE University of St Andrews Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XLI, Issue 164, November 1990, Pages 581–583, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XLI.164.581 Published: 01 November 1990
An evaluation of five tests to diagnose prostate cancer. (1987)

In an effort to determine which of five tests was the most efficient in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, 280 male patients were screened employing aspiration cytology, transrectal ultrasound, acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, and the digital rectal examination. The digital rectal examination was the most efficient (75%) and in order of decreasing accuracy were prostate specific antigen (74%), prostatic ultrasound (71%), acid phosphatase (66%), and finally aspiration cytology (63%). In an era when what are more expensive and more technology are assumed to be better, what is simple and traditional is ignored. From an evaluation of these patients it appears that the digital rectal examination still retains its diagnostic efficiency. Finally, in this age of escalating medical costs and physician accountability for these expenses, you can't beat the cost - benefit ratio for the old fashioned rectal exam.
Origin of the nonlinear second-order optical susceptibilities of organic systems (1979)

An all-valence-electron self-consistent-field linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals molecular-orbital procedure including configuration interactions for calculating the magnitude and sign of the nonlinear second-order molecular susceptibility components (hyperpolarizability) for substituted dipolar aromatic molecular systems is reported. Three fundamentally important examples, aniline, nitrobenzene, and $p$-nitroaniline, are considered. Analysis of the microscopic origin of their molecular second-order susceptibilities provides a direct means for understanding the macroscopic nonlinear optical response of organic molecular solids which have already been observed to possess exceptional nonlinear optical properties. The important excited states of aniline, nitrobenzene, and $p$-nitroaniline have been identified and examined in their relationship with the molecular second-order susceptibility-tensor components ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{ijk}}$. The detailed nature of the charge separation accompanying these states has been discussed in terms of both the configurations composing the excited states, and also the one-electron molecular orbitals which determine those configurations. These results demonstrate how the bond-additivity approximation is inappropriate for $p$-nitroaniline. Finally, the frequency dependence of the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{ijk}}$ components in each case shows that the Kleinman relations are valid approximations only at relatively low frequencies.
Protein C and protein S levels in two patients with acquired purpura fulminans (1990)

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a cutaneous manifestation of a dramatic and deadly syndrome of systemic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It is characterized by microvascular thrombosis in the dermis followed by perivascular haemorrhage. Since two other related syndromes involve the protein C (PC) system, we undertook a serial study to investigate the levels of PC and protein S (PS) in two patients with acquired PF. Laboratory findings were consistent with DIC, and both patients were treated with blood replacement and heparin therapy. The levels of PC activity were very low during the initial 24-36 h after onset and gradually increased until returning to normal levels. The total and 'free' PS were also abnormal during the initial onset of PF. The total and free PS increased to normal after 4-6 d. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, the infection and sepsis appears to consume PC and PS selectively during the PF and DIC phase. Acquired PF appears to selectively involve the PC system in a similar fashion to two other syndromes of PF-like lesions.
RESULTS FROM SELECTED OIL SPILL RESPONSE RESEARCH BY THE MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE (1990)

Recent large oil spills from tankers have reaffirmed the need for continuing technology assessment and research to improve oil spill response capabilities. The Minerals Management Service (MMS) remains a lead agency in conducting these studies. This paper discusses MMS concerns, as reinforced by the acceleration of its research program in 1990. It briefly describes assessment of the state-of-the-art technology for major aspects of spill response, including remote sensing, open-ocean containment, recovery, in situ burning, chemcial treating agents, beachline cleanup, and oil behavior and the reactivation of the Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank facility.
A Theoretical Study of the Pressure-Induced Structural Phase Transition in CdTe (1997)

We have performed first-principles, full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital (FPLMTO) calculations to study the structural phase transition in CdTe under pressure. By calculating the total energies of different phases we have shown that CdTe shows the following structural sequence with increasing pressure; zinc-blende → cinnabar → NaCl → orthorhombic structure. This is in complete agreement with recent experiments. We have also looked for the possibility of an additional phase transition from the orthorhombic to the CsCl structure, which has been anticipated for the isoelectronic compound HgTe in recent experiments.
Demonstration of an electronic photonic integrated circuit in a commercial scaled bulk CMOS process (2008)

We demonstrate the first photonic chip designed in a commercial bulk CMOS process (65 nm node) using standard process layers combined with scalable post-processing, enabling dense photonic integration with high-performance microprocessor electronics.
Isolation and sequencing of NOP1. A yeast gene encoding a nucleolar protein homologous to a human autoimmune antigen. (1990)

We have identified the gene for the yeast nucleolar protein p38 and deduced the primary structure of p38 from its sequence. We propose the name NOP1 (nucleolar protein 1) for this gene. NOP1 encodes a 327 amino acid protein of 34,470 daltons and is flanked by potential promoter and polyadenylation sequences. Blot analyses indicate that the mRNA transcribed from NOP1 is approximately 1.3 kilobases in size and that there is one NOP1 gene per haploid genome. The amino-terminal sequence of p38 is homologous with the 31 known amino-terminal residues of the autoimmune antigen fibrillarin, confirming the previously observed similarity between p38 and this mammalian nucleolar protein. Consistent with this, p38 cross-reacts with serum from a patient with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. A putative nuclear localization signal can be identified in p38. Interestingly, a repetitive amino acid sequence motif begins near the amino terminus of p38. This motif is approximately 80 residues long, is rich in glycine and arginine, and shows striking sequence homology to mammalian nucleolins and certain nucleic acid binding proteins.
Cleavage of Proenkephalin by a Chromaffin Granule Processing Enzyme* (1990)

Human proenkephalin generated by means of a recombinant vaccinia virus expression vector was used as the substrate for a putative processing enzyme obtained from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. The adrenal enzyme successfully cleaved proenkephalin to generate low mol wt enkephalins as well as other enkephalin-containing intermediates. Radioactively labeled proenkephalin prepared with this system was also cleaved; however, under identical conditions bovine proinsulin was not cleaved. These results provide support for the notion that the adrenal trypsin-like enzyme is involved in the processing of proenkephalin in vivo and demonstrate the usefulness of protein substrates prepared by expression vector systems in testing the reactivity and specificity of proposed prohormone processing enzymes in vitro.
Constitutive expression of various chemokine genes in human T-cell lines infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: Role of the viral transactivator Tax (1996)

We examined the genetic expression of 2 CXC chemokines (IL-8, IP-10), 5 CC chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-lalpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES, 1309) and 1 C chemokine (SCM-1/lymphotactin/ATAC) in various human T-cell lines. By Northern blot analysis, HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines were found to express a number of chemokine genes at variable levels and in different combinations. However, none of the chemokine genes was expressed in HTLV-1-negative T-cell lines. We further confirmed secretion of 3 chemokines (IL-8, MIP-1alpha and RANTES) by some HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. To examine the role of the HTLV-1-encoded transactivator Tax in the induction of these chemokine genes, we used JPX-9 and JPX-M, which were stably transformed with tax and non-functional tax, respectively, under the control of a metallothionein promoter. Induction of tax in JPX-9 with Cd2+ was accompanied by rapid induction of IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, 1309 and SCM-1 as determined by reverse transcription PCR. No such induction was seen in JPX-M. We thus suggest that Tax is, at least in part, responsible for constitutive expression of certain chemokine genes in HTLV-1-infected T cells. Aberrant production of various chemokines by HTLV-1- infected T cells may impact on the pathophysiology of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
Risk Factors for Lymphoma in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

In this case-control study, increasing age, male gender, and use of immunosuppressive medications were associated with an increased risk of lymphoma in patients with IBD.
Post-Exercise Hyperemic Response Adds to Muscle Microvascular Flow Changes during Lower Body Pressure (2007)

Exercise increases muscle microvascular flow via vasodilation from both endothelial dependent and independent mechanisms. Altered transmural pressure also affects blood flow in muscle. For example, lower body negative pressure decreases and lower body positive pressure increases blood flow. PURPOSE: To determine muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) during post-exercise hyperemia at negative and positive lower body pressure (LBP). It was hypothesized that the post-exercise hyperemic response would not be present at increased levels of positive LBP. METHODS: Eight healthy subjects (6 male, 2 female; ages 21–41) were placed supine in a LBP chamber that was sealed at the waist. Photoplethysmography was used to noninvasively measure MBF of the tibialis anterior muscle and skin microvascular blood flow (SBF) of overlying skin during exposure to a series of LBP levels (−30, −20, −10, 0, 10, 20, 30mmHg) with and without dorsiflexion exercise. At each pressure level MBF was allowed to stabilize for one minute prior to a one minute baseline data collection. Subjects then performed a one minute isometric dorsiflexion at a resistance of 41N and MBF was recorded for one minute following dorsiflexion. Subjects were given a 5 minute rest period between pressure levels to ensure MBF return to baseline. All microvascular flow data were normalized to the control value obtained at ambient pressure without exercise and presented as percentages (mean±SE) to compare between conditions. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA to determine exercise effect and pressure effect on MBF. RESULTS: MBF and SBF increased at all LBP levels with exercise compared to no exercise (p=0.001 and p=0.005). MBF significantly decreased with negative pressure and increased with positive pressure (p=0.003 and p<0.001). The lowest MBF was at −30mmHg (52±9% w/o exercise, 61±9% w/ exercise) and the highest was at 10mmHg (137±15% w/o exercise, 145±12% w/ exercise). CONCLUSION: Post exercise hyperemia occurs at all lower body pressure levels studied. Elevation of microvascular flow after isometric exercise adds to changes measured at different levels of LBP. Regimens for exercise training and post-injury rehabilitation may benefit from exercise at low levels of positive LBP. Supported by NIH Training Grant 2 T32AR07484-22 to GCM.
<title>Effective classification of 3D image data using partitioning methods</title> (2002)

We propose partitioning-based methods to facilitate the classification of 3-D binary image data sets of regions of interest (ROIs) with highly non-uniform distributions. The first method is based on recursive dynamic partitioning of a 3-D volume into a number of 3-D hyper-rectangles. For each hyper-rectangle, we consider, as a potential attribute, the number of voxels (volume elements) that belong to ROIs. A hyper-rectangle is partitioned only if the corresponding attribute does not have high discriminative power, determined by statistical tests, but it is still sufficiently large for further splitting. The final discriminative hyper-rectangles form new attributes that are further employed in neural network classification models. The second method is based on maximum likelihood employing non-spatial (k-means) and spatial DBSCAN clustering algorithms to estimate the parameters of the underlying distributions. The proposed methods were experimentally evaluated on mixtures of Gaussian distributions, on realistic lesion-deficit data generated by a simulator conforming to a clinical study, and on synthetic fractal data. Both proposed methods have provided good classification on Gaussian mixtures and on realistic data. However, the experimental results on fractal data indicated that the clustering-based methods were only slightly better than random guess, while the recursive partitioning provided significantly better classification accuracy.
A functional language for description and design of digital systems (1985)

A functional (applicative) hardware description language (FHDL), capable of dealing with both the sequential and combinational systems is discussed. The language supports multi-level executable specifications and interpretation of functional specifications as implementations at a given level of primitives. That is, the FHDL specifications are symbolically interpreted to produce structural representations (implementations) of hardware algorithms. The symbolic interpreter presently implements the specification of hardware algorithms at the gate level. The FHDL allows definition of function attributes, such as delay and number of logic level so that the performance characteristics of implementations can be obtained during simulation.
Some Hydrazine Derivatives of (4-Biphenylyl)glyoxal (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Hydrazine Derivatives of (4-Biphenylyl)glyoxalG. J. Durant, H. F. Ridley, and R. G. W. SpickettCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 5, 792–793Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00323a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00323a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A cross layer admission control on-demand routing protocol for qos applications (2006)

Nowadays, the cross-layer design approach is the most relevant concept in mobile ad hoc networks which is adopted to solve several open issues. It aims to overcome ad hoc networks performance problems by allowing protocols belonging to different layers to cooperate and share network status information while still maintaining separated layers. In particular, the mechanisms on how to access the radio channel are extremely important to guarantee QoS (Quality of Service) and improve application performance. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks based on the cooperation between the Admission Control enabled On-demand Routing (ACOR) protocol and the new QoS-based IEEE 802.11e MAC layer. This enhanced protocol aims to find a feasible route according to application QoS requirements. The performances of the proposed cross-layer protocol are extensively investigated by simulations. Results obtained show that compared to ACOR based on 802.11b, cross-layer ACOR provides an efficient QoS support in mobile ad hoc networks with low overhead and high reliability. Key words: Routing, QoS, Ad hoc, Cross layer, 802.11e, Bandwidth, delay.