gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Providing consistent and exhaustive relevance assessments for XML retrieval evaluation (2004)

Comparing retrieval approaches requires test collections, which consist of documents, queries and relevance assessments. Obtaining consistent and exhaustive relevance assessments is crucial for the appropriate comparison of retrieval approaches. Whereas the evaluation methodology for flat text retrieval approaches is well established, the evaluation of XML retrieval approaches is a research issue. This is because XML documents are composed of nested components that cannot be considered independent in terms of relevance. This paper describes the methodology adopted in INEX (the INitiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval) to ensure consistent and exhaustive relevance assessments.
Elucidating Oxygen Reduction Active Sites in Pyrolyzed Metal–Nitrogen Coordinated Non-Precious-Metal Electrocatalyst Systems (2014)

Detailed understanding of the nature of the active centers in non-precious-metal-based electrocatalyst, and their role in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanistic pathways will have a profound effect on successful commercialization of emission-free energy devices such as fuel cells. Recently, using pyrolyzed model structures of iron porphyrins, we have demonstrated that a covalent integration of the Fe-N <sub><i>x</i></sub> sites into π-conjugated carbon basal plane modifies electron donating/withdrawing capability of the carbonaceous ligand, consequently improving ORR activity. Here, we employ a combination of <i>in situ</i> X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical methods to identify the various structural and functional forms of the active centers in non-heme Fe/N/C catalysts. Both methods corroboratively confirm the single site 2e<sup>-</sup> × 2e<sup>-</sup> mechanism in alkaline media on the primary Fe<sup>2+</sup>-N<sub>4</sub> centers and the dual-site 2e<sup>-</sup> × 2e<sup>-</sup> mechanism in acid media with the significant role of the surface bound coexisting Fe/Fe <sub><i>x</i></sub> O <sub><i>y</i></sub> nanoparticles (NPs) as the secondary active sites.
RoboCon: A general purpose telerobotic control center (1997)

This report describes human factors issues involved in the design of RoboCon, a multi-purpose control center for use in US Department of Energy remote handling applications. RoboCon is intended to be a flexible, modular control center capable of supporting a wide variety of robotic devices.
Holographic flow visualization: State-of-the-art overview (1982)

Components and system designs of holographic flow visualization techniques are reviewed. Recording materials, lasers, and data processing and display are discussed.
The Correlation between Pes Planus and Anterior Knee or Intermittent Low Back Pain (2008)

Moderate and severe pes planus was associated with nearly double the rate of anterior knee pain and intermittent low back pain, while mild pes planus was associated with no higher rate for these problems. Prophylactic measures may be helpful only in those adolescents with moderate and severe pes planus.
Polymer Dynamics. V. The Shear Dependent Properties of Linear Polymers Including Intrinsic Viscosity, Flow Dichroism and Birefringence, Relaxation, and Normal Stresses (1971)

Under the physical requirement that the contour length of a polymer molecule remains constant irrespective of shear rate in the Rouse and Zimm theories and the Harris–Hearst theory, the shear rate dependence of intrinsic viscosity, flow birefringence, flow dichroism, normal stresses, the relaxation of flow birefringence and flow dichroism, and some quantities at zero shear rate have been calculated for molecules of different stiffness ranging from the rod to the flexible coil in θ solvents. Changes of hydrodynamic interaction with shear rate are not included. Comparing the present theory with the experimental results there is satisfactory agreement for stiff molecules such as the cellulose derivatives and DNA at low shear.
Semi-blind maximum a posteriori multipath fast fading channel estimation for TDMA systems (1999)

We propose a maximum a posteriori burst-by-burst multipath fast fading channel estimation algorithm for TDMA systems. This algorithm performs a semi-blind iterative channel estimation using the SAGE algorithm. It uses both CAZAC reference sequences and unknown symbols in the optimization of this channel estimation. It requires a convenient representation of the multipath fading channel using a discrete version of the Karhunen-Loeve expansion theorem. It also requires a trellis representation of the channel for an optimum characterization of data symbols by their a posteriori conditional probabilities. The computation of these probabilities can be realized via the Bahl or BCJR algorithm. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated by simulation for 4-PSK modulated TDMA systems.
Highly Efficient Second and Third Harmonic Generation in Thin Films with Near-Zero Permittivity (2013)

Nonlinear processes are enhanced enormously in slabs of materials exhibiting resonant plasma features. We show that multi-plasma-resonances may further boost the nonlinear response, leading to pump depletion for relatively low irradiance values.
<i>Planar-to-Planar</i> Chirality Transfer in the Excited State. Enantiodifferentiating Photoisomerization of Cyclooctenes Sensitized by Planar-Chiral Paracyclophane (2011)

Photochemical planar-to-planar chirality transfer was effected by using (R)-[10]paracyclophane-12-carboxylates as a planar-chiral sensitizer and (Z)-cyclooctene and (Z,Z)-1,5-cyclooctadiene as prochiral substrates to give a planar-chiral (E)- and (E,Z)-isomer in up to 44% and 87% enantiomeric excess, respectively, the latter of which being the highest ever reported for a sensitized photochirogenic reaction.
Multigraph limit of the dense configuration model and the preferential attachment graph (2012)

ISSN:0236-5294
Cytoplasmic, nuclear, membrane-bound and secreted [35S]methionine-labelled polypeptide pattern in differentiating fibroblast stem cells <i>in vitro</i> (1989)

Methods for the selective enrichment of various subpopulations of the human skin fibroblast cell line HH-8 have been developed. These methods permit the selection of homogeneous populations of the three mitotic fibroblast cell types MF I, II and III, and the four postmitotic cell types PMF IV, V, VI and VII. These seven cell types exhibit differentiation-dependent and cell-type-specific patterns of [35S]methionine-labelled polypeptides in total soluble cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, also in membrane-bound proteins, and in secreted proteins. In the differentiation sequence MF II-MF III-PMF IV - PMF V - PMF VI 14 cell-type-specific marker proteins have been found in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction, also 24 cell-type-specific marker proteins have been found in the membrane-bound protein fraction, and 11 cell-type-specific marker proteins in the secreted protein fraction. Markers in spontaneously arising and experimentally selected or induced populations of a single fibroblast cell type were found to be identical.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Carbocyclization of <i>o</i>-Iodobenzaldehydes and <i>o</i>-Iodophenylketones with Alkynes (2003)

[reaction: see text] Treatment of various o-iodobenzaldehydes and o-iodophenyl ketones with alkynes in the presence of Co(dppe)I(2) and Zn powder in acetonitrile at 80 degrees C afforded the corresponding indenols in moderate to excellent yields with exceedingly high regioselectivity. For most unsymmetrical alkynes tested, the carbocyclization gave a single regioisomer.
Göz çevresi cilt bölgesine uygulanan topikal glukokortikoid tedavisi sonrası gelişen akut bilateral santral seröz koryeretinopi (2010)

Her iki gözde görme azalması ve metamorfopsi şikayetleri ile kliniğimize başvuran ve dermatoloji kliniğince sebaroik dermatit tanısı almış olup tedavisi için her iki göz çevresi cilt bölgesine 3 aydır günde 2 kez glukokortikoid solusyon uyguladığı öğrenilen 39 yaşındaki erkek hasta sunulmuştur. Hastanın yapılan muayene, Fundus Floresein Anjiografisi (FFA) ve Optik Koherens Tomografi (OKT) bulguları her iki gözde santral seröz korioretinopati (SSKR) ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. Uygulanan glukokortikoid solusyonunun SSKR’yi tetiklediği düşünülerek tedavisi kesildikten sonra hastamızın her iki görme keskinliği artmış, her iki gözde OKT’de subretinal sıvının ve FFA’da sızıntının kaybolduğu izlenmiştir. Bu olgu sunumu ile SSKR’nin topikal, dermatolojik glukokortikoid tedavisi sırasında da gelişebileceğini bildirmeyi amaçladık. Bu nedenle kortikoterapi uygulanan hastalarda kortizon tarafından indüklenen SSKR’nin topikal dermatolojik kullanım sonrasında bile oluşabileceğinin dermatolog ve göz hekimleri tarafından göz önünde bulundurulması ve hastaların bu konuda aydınlatılması gerektiği sonucuna vardık.
Epidemiological studies on Bartonella quintana infections among homeless people in Tokyo, Japan. (2006)

In an epidemiological investigation of trench fever in Japan, we compared the seroprevalence of Bartonella quintana in homeless people and in the general population. In homeless rescue outreach programs held in Tokyo from May 2001 to March 2003, 151 blood samples were taken from non-hospitalized homeless people. The prevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies against B. quintana in these people was compared with that in 200 healthy blood donors using a commercially available indirect fluorescent antibody test. Although IgG titers of > or = 1:128 were found in 57% (86/151) of homeless people and 51% (101/200) of blood donors, high titers of > or = to 1:1,024 were encountered only in homeless people (11%, 16/151). Attempts to isolate B. quintana from the blood of homeless people were unsuccessful, but polymerase chain reaction based detection, using Bartonella genus specific primers, demonstrated the presence of B. quintana DNA in the blood of 10 homeless people. Our data suggest that urban trench fever is endemic among the Japanese homeless population.
The Prototype of the Small Synoptic Second Solar Spectrum Telescope (S^5T) (2009)

We present the design and the prototype of the Small Synoptic Second Solar Spectrum Telescope (S5T), which can autonomously measure scattering polarization signals on a daily basis with large sensitivity and accuracy. Its data will be used to investigate the nature of weak, turbulent magnetic fields through the Hanle effect in many lines. Also the relation between those fields and the global solar dynamo can be revealed by spanning the observations over a significant fraction of a solar cycle. The compact instrument concept is enabled by a radial polarization converter that allows for “one-shot” polarimetry over the entire limb of the Sun. A polarimetric sensitivity of ∼10−5 is achieved by minimizing the instrumental polarization and by FLC modulation in combination with a fast line-scan camera in the fiber-fed spectrograph. The first prototype results successfully show the feasibility of the concept.
Signal evaluation of a novel dual-energy multimedia imaging sensor (2002)

In this study, experimental results on the signal quality of a multimedia imaging detector, operating on gaseous solid state ionization principles, with specific emphasis on single X-ray exposure dual-energy radiography, are presented. The results of this study indicate that the multimedia detector technology exhibits excellent signal characteristics suitable for a large number of imaging applications.
Comparative study of the toxicologic effects of 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin) and 7-deazainosine. (1969)

Summary Differences were found between the toxicologic effects of tubercidin and those of 7-deazainosine which were consistent with the idea that 7-deazainosine requires conversion into anabolites of tubercidin in order to exert biologic effects. In rodents treated parenterally, and in dogs treated orally, tubercidin was 6- to 20-fold more toxic than 7-deazainosine. Severe local reactions occurred only in rats treated with tubercidin. In contrast, necrosis of the walls of the intrahepatic bile ducts and of the myocardium was found only in rats treated with 7-deazainosine. Pulmonary edema, focal necrosis of hepatic parenchyma, and generalized lymphoid depression were observed after either drug. After treatment of dogs with tubercidin, pneumonia, renal tubular necrosis, and gastrointestinal toxicity were severe, whereas hepatotoxicity was slight and infrequent. In contrast, after treatment with 7-deazainosine, hepatotoxicity was severe, whereas the other toxic effects were insignificant. Only tubercidin caused atrophy of the Islands of Langerhans. In view of the lack of local and renal toxicity, 7-deazainosine may offer therapeutic advantages over tubercidin provided that hepatotoxicity is not a limiting factor.
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells Modulates Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation to Enhance IL-17 and RANKL Expression on CD4+ T Cells (2010)

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is important to homeostatic bone remodeling. Infiltration of mesenchymal progenitor cells to inflamed joints has been reported in collagen-induced arthritis murine model and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therapeutic application of MSC in RA has been suggested and under investigation. However, the underlying mechanisms on what triggers the migration of MSC from bone marrow (BM) to inflamed joints and how MSC acts in the joints remains elusive. As hemopoietic stem cells and MSC act reciprocally and excessive apoptotic cells (AC) are observed in the BM of patients with RA, we hypothesize that AC may alter MSC osteogenic differentiation resulting in bone erosion in RA. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that MSC were able to phagocytose AC and this phagocytosis enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation. AC-treated MSC under osteogenic differentiation expressed CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4 and CXCR5, which might enable them to migrate toward the inflamed joints. In addition, AC-treated MSC secreted interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and RANTES, which might induce chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells to the inflamed joints. Interestingly, by coculturing AC-treated MSC under osteogenic differentiation with CD4+ T cells, T helper (Th) 17 cells development was significantly enhanced and these Th17 cells promoted osteoclasts formation and bone resorption. Furthermore, the induction of Th17 cells was dependent on increased IL-6 production from major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing AC-treated MSC under osteogenic differentiation. This data provide a novel insight on the role of AC in modulating MSC osteogenic differentiation and function in inflammatory bone diseases.
THE EVOLUTION OF RNA POLYMERASE II IN RED ALGAE (2000)

Whether red algae are the sister group to green plants has been an intriguing question for over a century. We are investigating both the evolutionary and functional significance of differences in DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase II between rhodophytes and other eukaryotic organisms. Results of both phylogenetic and genetic complementation studies are consistent with an origin of the Rhodophyta that was independent of the common ancestor of green plants, animals, fungi and several related protistan groups. Examination of long‐branch attraction among Pol II gene sequences indicates that this separate emergence of red algae is not the result of an artifactual grouping of rhodophytes with more rapidly evolving taxa. The absence in red algal pol II largest subunits of a canonical C‐terminal domain (CTD), an essential component of mRNA transcription in plants, animals and fungi, further supports the proposition that red algae diverged independently of these groups, and before CTD function was incorporated fully into Pol II function. Evolutionary complementation, that is, in vivo replacement of the wild‐type CTD from yeast with RPB1 C‐terminal sequences from a red alga, further supports the hypothesis that fundamental differences exist in Pol II function between red algae and organisms with a CTD‐based mRNA transcription cycle.
Low hypercapnic ventilatory response in long-term lung transplant recipients predicts exercise impairment (2012)

Background: Only few studies reported findings on CO 2 rebreathing in long-term bilateral lung transplant recipients. Bilateral lung transplantation causes denervation of the donor lung. This might have an impact on control of breathing as measured by the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). The influence of gender on HCVR and the relation to exercise capacity is unknown yet. Objectives: To study HCVR and the relation to exercise capacity after bilateral lung transplantation. Methods and patients: Minute ventilation, respiratory rate and HCRV were studied in 24 bilateral lung transplant recipients (12 male). HCVR was measured according to the Read protocol. Exercise testing was performed to evaluate the maximum level of workload. This was expressed as percentage of the corresponding reference value. Results: Age and body mass index (BMI) of men and women were similar (age: 56 ± 9 years vs. 54 ± 9 years (n.s.), BMI: 26 ± 3 kg/m 2 vs. 25 ± 6 kg/m 2 (n.s.)). Post-transplant period ranged from 6 months to 9 years. HCVR in lung transplant recipients was 1.71 ± 1.25 l/min/mmHg in men and 0.95 ± 0.38 l/min/mmHg in women (p Conclusion: There is a remarkable difference in ventilatory response to carbon dioxide between male and female bilateral lung transplant recipients, suggesting a role for denervation of the lung in the impairment of exercise capacity after bilateral lung transplantation.
An integrated approach to occupancy modeling and estimation in commercial buildings (2010)

The problem of real-time estimation of occupancy in a commercial building (number of people in various zones at every time instant) is relevant to a number of emerging applications, such as green buildings that achieve high energy efficiency through feedback control. Due to the high deployment cost and large errors that people counting sensors suffer from, measuring occupancy throughout the building accurately from sensors alone is not feasible. Fusing sensor data with model predictions is essential. Due to the highly uncertain nature of occupancy dynamics, modeling and estimation of occupancy is a challenging problem. This paper makes two contributions toward addressing these challenges. We develop an agent-based model to simulate the behavior of all the occupants of a building, and extract reduced-order graphical models from Monte-Carlo simulations of the agent-based model. The agent-based model is validated with sensor data for the special case of one room and one occupant. Noisy measurements from a few sensors are fused with the graphical model predictions using the classical LMV estimator to estimate room-level occupancy in the building. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pipecolic Acid and Derivatives (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Cosmic‐Ray Electron and Positron Spectra Measured at 1 AU during Solar Minimum Activity (2000)

We report on a new measurement of the cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra. The data were collected by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE94, which was flown from Lynn Lake, Canada, on 1994 August 8-9 at an altitude corresponding to 3.9 g cm-2 of average residual atmosphere. The experiment used the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE94 balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a solid radiator Ring Imaging Cerenkov (RICH) detector, a time-of-flight system, a tracking device consisting of drift chambers and multiwire proportional chambers, and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter. This was the first time a RICH detector was used together with an imaging calorimeter in a balloon-borne experiment. A total of 3211 electrons, with a rigidity at the spectrometer between 0.3 and 30 GV, and 734 positrons, between 0.3 and 10 GV, were identified with small backgrounds from other particles. The absolute energy spectra were determined in the energy region at the top of the atmosphere between 0.46 and 43.6 GeV for electrons and between 0.46 and 14.6 GeV for positrons. We found that the observed positron spectrum and the positron fraction are consistent with a pure secondary origin. A comparison of the theoretically predicted interstellar spectrum of electrons shows that the injection spectrum of primary electrons is steeper than that of the nucleonic components of cosmic rays. Furthermore, the observed electron and positron spectra can be reproduced from the interstellar spectra by a spherically symmetric model for solar modulation; hence, the modulation is independent of the sign of the particle charge.
Sensitive Method for Determination of Vapor Composition (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSensitive Method for Determination of Vapor CompositionK. M. SancierCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 10, 1563–1566Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60070a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADDITION REACTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS HALIDES. VI. THE 1,2 AND 1,4 ADDITION OF DIPHENYL-CHLOROPHOSPHINE (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTADDITION REACTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS HALIDES. VI. THE 1,2 AND 1,4 ADDITION OF DIPHENYL-CHLOROPHOSPHINEJ. B. Conant, J. B. S. Braverman, and R. E. HusseyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 1, 165–171Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01654a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01654a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts