gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Surgical treatment of aortic valve disease in old age]. (2003)

In terms of long-term survival and quality of life, excellent results with aortic valve replacement (AVR) can also be achieved in patients older than 70 years of age. An indication for this procedure is given in symptomatic patients with significant aortic valve stenosis, patients with severe acute aortic insufficiency (AI), those with signs of cardiac insufficiency but still normal left ventricular function, and asymptomatic AI patients with an ejection fraction of less than 50% and/or an end-diastolic LV diameter (EDD) of more than 75 mm or an end-systolic diameter (ESD) of more than 55 mm. Many patients with a heart defect in need of surgical treatment also have CAD as well, in which case a bypass should be performed at the same time. For AVR, both mechanical and biological prostheses are available, the latter being regarded as the method of choice in patients aged over 70. The mechanical variant requires life-long anticoagulation therapy with phenprocoumon.
Time evolution of a charged oscillator with a time-dependent mass and frequency in a time-dependent electromagnetic field (1992)

In this paper we investigate the time evolution of a charged oscillator with a time-dependent mass and frequency in a time-dependent electromagnetic field using the Lie algebraic technique. We obtain an exact form of the time evolution operator which, in turn, enables us to find the exact wave functions and coherent states of the system at any time t. Our analyses indicate that the wave function of the system starts as a coherent state at t=0 and evolves as a squeezed state at a later time.
‘Glycaemic variability’: a new therapeutic challenge in diabetes and the critical care setting (2010)

Much attention has been paid recently to the possibility that oscillating glucose may superimpose on glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) in determining the risk for diabetes complications. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that glucose variability, particularly if accompanied by frequent hypoglycaemic episodes, may adversely alter the prognosis of acutely ill patients. In vitro and animal studies confirm that oscillating glucose is more dangerous than stable constant high glucose, particularly in activating the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. The production of free radicals, accompanied by an insufficient increase in intracellular antioxidant defences, seems to account for this phenomenon. In humans, studies also confirm that fluctuating glucose levels produce an increase in free radicals as well as endothelial dysfunction, and that these changes are greater than those produced by stable high glucose. Avoiding glucose fluctuations in diabetic patients and in critically ill patients seems to be an emerging therapeutic challenge.
Intelligent Set Speed Estimation for Vehicle Longitudinal Control with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Besides the goal of reducing driving tasks, modern longitudinal control systems also aim to improve fuel efficiency and driver comfort. Most of the vehicles use Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems that track constant set speeds and set headways which makes the trajectory of the vehicle in headway mode highly dependent on the trajectory of a preceding vehicle. Hence, this might lead to increased consumptions in dense traffic situations or when the leader has a less careful driving style. In this work, a method based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is presented that finds a control strategy by estimating an intelligent variable set speed based on the system state. Additional control objectives, such as minimizing consumption, are considered explicitly through the feedback in a reward function. A DRL framework is set up that enables the training of a neural set speed estimator for vehicle longitudinal control in a simulative environment. The Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm is used for the training of the agent. Training is carried out on a simple test track to teach the basic concepts of the control objective to the DRL agent. The learned behavior is then examined in a more complex, stochastic microscopic traffic simulation of the city center of Darmstadt and is compared to a conventional ACC algorithm. The analysis shows that the DRL controller is capable of finding fuel efficient trajectories which are less dependent on the preceding vehicle and is able to generalize to more complex traffic environments, but still shows some unexpected behavior in certain situations. The combination of DRL and conventional models to build up on the existing engineering knowledge is therefore expected to yield promising results in the future.
THYMOSIN IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HIGH RISK HOMOSEXUALS AND HEMOPHILIACS WITH AIDS‐LIKE IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION<sup>a</sup> (1984)

The adnormal levels of thymosin alpha 1 in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, depressed T-cell function, thymus pathology, and the restoration of T-cell function by thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) lend support to the hypothesis that the thymus plays a central role in AIDS. The thymosin alpha 1 assay may provide a means of identifying symptomatic carriers of AIDS. This paper summarizes the current status of diagnostic studies with thymosin alpha 1 in AIDS and reports the 1st clinical trial with thymosin in subjects with AIDS-like immune dysfunction. Serum samples from intravenous drug abusers, homosexuals, and Haitians with AIDS have revealed thymosin alpha 1 levels at least 2 standard deviations from the mean of controls without AIDS. Preliminary data from a pilot study in homosexuals and hemophiliacs at high risk for AIDS suggest that the administration of TF5 may be effective in reconstituting some T-cell mediated specific immune functions, including cell-medicated lympholysis (CML) and the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR), and enhancing the lectin-induced production of T-cell growth factor. On the other hand, TF5 has failed to have any effects on the T4/T8 ratio, absolute lymphocyte counts, or natural killer cell activity.
Convenient source of ‘naked’ fluoride: tetra-n-butylammonium chloride and potassium fluoride dihydrate (1979)

A mixture of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride and potassium fluoride dihydrate in acetonitrile can be used as a convenient source of active fluoride ion in place of tetra-alkylammonium fluoride or potassium fluoride–crown ether combinations.
Enhanced Activity and Altered Specificity of Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> by Deletion of a Surface Loop (1989)

Protein engineering and x-ray crystallography have been used to study the role of a surface loop that is present in pancreatic phospholipases but is absent in snake venom phospholipases. Removal of residues 62 to 66 from porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 does not change the binding constant for micelles significantly, but it improves catalytic activity up to 16 times on micellar (zwitterionic) lecithin substrates. In contrast, the decrease in activity on negatively charged substrates is greater than fourfold. A crystallographic study of the mutant enzyme shows that the region of the deletion has a well-defined structure that differs from the structure of the wild-type enzyme. No structural changes in the active site of the enzyme were detected.
Feeding, growth and grazing rates of hetrotrophic Dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of South Korea determined experimentally (2013)

Feeding, growth and grazing rates of hetrotrophic Dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of South Korea determined experimentally
The Rheumatoid in Society (1980)

Because there is no single universal set of criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, statistical surveys differ. There are between 1/2 and 1 1/2 million rheumatoid arthritics in the UK. Seventy per cent of these are women. In other developed countries of the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, similar proportions of the population are affected. In the UK, 31 000 men and 104 000 women are disabled by rheumatoid arthritis and have had to give up their jobs or alter significantly their way of life (Harris, Cox and Smith, 1971). A surgeon whose patients are drawn from a population of 200 000 will have within his domain 2000–6000 rheumatoid arthritics, of which 500 will be significantly incapacitated (Lawrence, 1966; Wood, 1971). Their management is a gigantic task requiring a team of experts.
EXAMINATION OF THE ORA SERRATA (1950)

IT HAS long been recognized that ophthalmoscopy of the extreme periphery of the fundus has great significance in evaluating detachments, but few accurate and complete funduscopic observations have been recorded. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, the anterior limits of the visible fundus were determined both in clinical and in laboratory studies. The conclusions, however, were somewhat contradictory. In 1948, further experiments were conducted along these lines at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, in Boston, using the direct and the indirect method of ophthalmoscopy and comparing the results. The ora serrata, which forms a transition zone between the pars optica and the pars ciliaris retinae, is located 7 to 8 mm. back of the limbus.<sup>1</sup>The retina is firmly attached to the choroid in this region. The ora makes a well defined serrated line, composed of approximately 48 toothlike projections of retinal tissue, directed anteriorly. These
Comparison of path following controllers for autonomous vehicles (2019)

The driver assistance systems becomes more common in today's vehicles, and in the future highly automated vehicles and large number of autonomous vehicles will appear in roads. In the beginning these systems only support the human driver, but later they will able to control the vehicle driving. Hence vehicles have to plan the path, and follow it accurately and safely. Furthermore it has to provide convenience for the passengers. To find a better trajectory following controller first it is necessary to test it in simulation environment, then to test it in real environment in a vehicle. The subject of this article is an implementation of a lateral dynamic bicycle model, and an implementation of different controllers. Besides it will contain the testing of the controllers. If the controllers work with sufficient precision in the simulation, it will be tested in a real vehicle. The essence of the test is the speed limit, where the simulation and the real test starting to deviate. In the end of the article we compare the performance of the different controllers and evaluate which is the most appropriate. Besides the difference will also be evaluated between the simulated results and the results on the real vehicle. This comparison reveal which is the speed limit, as long as the values calculated on the lateral dynamic bicycle model approximate the actual results in a simulation environment with sufficient precision.
Optimal Path Construction for Fragmented File Carving (2010)

Fragmented File carving is an important technique in Digital Forensics to recover files from their fragments in the absence of the file system allocation information. In this paper, the fragmented file carving problem is formulated as a graph theoretic problem. Using this model, we describe two algorithms, “Optimal Carve” and “Probabilistic-based Carve”, to perform file reconstruction and recovery. Optimal Carve is a deterministic technique to recover the best file construction path. We show that this technique is more efficient and accurate than existing brute force techniques. The Probabilistic-based Carve technique involves a trade-off between the final score of the constructed path of the file and the file recovery time to allow a faster recovery process for highly fragmented files.
Numerical modeling of anti-icing systems and comparison to test results on a NACA 0012 airfoil (1993)

A series of experimental tests were conducted in the NASA Lewis IRT on an electro-thermally heated NACA 0012 airfoil. Quantitative comparisons between the experimental results and those predicted by a computer simulation code were made to assess the validity of a recently developed anti-icing model. An infrared camera was utilized to scan the instantaneous temperature contours of the skin surface. Despite some experimental difficulties, good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experiment results were generally obtained for the surface temperature and the possibility for each runback to freeze. Some recommendations were given for an efficient operation of a thermal anti-icing system.
Neurocognitive Function and Neuroimaging Markers in Virologically Suppressed HIV-positive Patients Randomized to Ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy or Standard Combination ART: A Cross-sectional Substudy From the PIVOT Trial (2016)

Based on a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and brain imaging, PI monotherapy does not increase the risk of neurocognitive impairment in stable human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.
Dictionary‐based electric properties tomography (2018)

A new, dictionary-based approach for reconstructing electric properties is presented. Its conductivity reconstruction is able to overcome the EPT transceive-phase problem.
Finite Journal Bearings With Arbitrary Position of Source (1956)

Abstract By using different mathematical methods, Muskat and Morgan’s theory of force-feed lubrication (2, 3) is put in a compact, convenient form. The first derivative is neglected in the solution of Reynolds homogeneous equation to gain mathematical simplicity for the pressure distribution. Sommerfeld boundary conditions are used and no restriction on length of bearing is made. Explicit equations are derived for the characteristics of finite journal-bearing systems. Values calculated compare with published results when the source is at the crown of the bearing. It is estimated that the solution will give satisfactory results for eccentricity ratios up to 0.4. For relatively short bearings the eccentricity ratio can be extended to higher values.
CROWN: A Service-Oriented Grid Middleware System: Experience and Applications (2008)

Grid computing has emerged as a new paradigm of distributed computing technology on large-scale resource sharing and coordinated problem solving. Based on a proposed Web service-based grid architecture, we have designed a service grid middleware system called CROWN which aims to promote the utilization of valuable resources and cooperation of researchers nationwide and world-wide. To address the issues of CROWN resource management, we proposed some key technologies including trustworthy remote and hot service deployment, overlay-based distributed resource organization, resource scheduling and load balance, and federation-based virtual organization management. A status of the wide-area CROWN testbed is also introduced in this paper. Three typical applications including AREM, MDP and gViz are deployed on the CROWN testbed. Experience of CROWN testbed deployment and application development shows that the middleware can support the typical scenarios such as computing-intensive applications and data-intensive applications etc.
Modern and intuitive way of teaching space vector calculus and PWM in an undergraduate course (2003)

In the field of power electronics and electrical machines space vector theory is of paramount importance for a detailed understanding of three-phase systems. However, students frequently do have problems with getting a clear picture of all advantages of the space vector concept and, therefore, often do consider space vector calculus to be of limited practical applicability. A part of the new web-based educational software iPES (Interactive Power Electronics Seminar) focusing on space vector calculus could provide a solution to this problem. Four representative Java applets dealing with the main aspects of space vector calculus are described in detail in this paper. The applets do allow the student to explore the basic rules of space vector transformation in an interactive and animated way. Furthermore, the student does get experience with the application of space vector calculus for analysing a three-phase PWM converter, and finally has to manage space-vector-based current control of a three-phase PWM converter system. All applets are easy to use and do provide a smooth introduction into the topic for beginners.
A Multiscale Mortar Method And Two-Stage Preconditioner For Multiphase Flow Using A Global Jacobian Approach (2014)

Abstract We consider a fully-implicit formulation for two-phase flow in a porous medium with capillarity, gravity, and compressibility in three dimensions. The method is implicit in time and uses the multiscale mortar mixed finite element method for spatial discretization in a non-overlapping domain decomposition context. The interface conditions between subdomains are enforced in terms of Lagrange multiplier variables defined on a mortar space. There are two novelties in our approach: first, we linearize the coupled system of subdomain and mortar variables simultaneously to form a global Jacobian and eliminate variables by taking Schur complements; and second, we adapt a two-stage preconditioning strategy to solve the resulting formulation. The new formulation exploits the local invertibility of mortar block matrices to obtain a system with subdomain variables as unknowns. The two-stage preconditioner uses the Householder transformation to decouple the pressure and saturation variables for each grid block. This allows the elliptic equation for the pressure and hyperbolic equation for the saturation to be solved in a decoupled manner. The algorithm is fully parallel and numerical tests show the low computational costs of eliminating the mortar variables to obtain the final Jacobian matrices. We have demonstrated parallel scalability using our two-stage preconditioner on large-scale heterogeneous two-phase reservoir simulation problems with over 10 million elements and over 1000 processors.
Wavelength selective metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors based on (Mg,Zn)O-heterostructures (2011)

We report on the utilization of MgyZn1−yO/MgxZn1−xO heterostructures having two different Mg-contents (0 &lt; y &lt; x ≤ 0.5, wurtzite structure) for the construction of wavelength selective metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors. The MgxZn1−xO thin film acts as an optical edge filter and the MgyZn1−yO layer is the active layer of the devices. A FWHM of only 7 nm was achieved for a photodetector operating around 3.4 eV and the center of band (370–325 nm) was shifted by different y:x-combinations. A maximum spectral photo response of about 1.8 A/W was achieved in visible-blind range. An internal gain mechanism in the device was observed and attributed to trapping of minority carriers at PdOz/(Mg,Zn)O-interface.
Phenotypical and functional differentiation of natural killer cells and T cell receptor γδ cells (2002)

The innate or natural immune system provides a rapid and non-specific response against invading pathogens and tumor cells. This first line of defense contains lymphoid cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and TCR gd cells. In contrast to lymphocytes of the adaptive or acquired immune system, i. e. B lymphocytes and TCR ab cells, major gaps still exist in understanding the maturation, phenotype and function of TCR gd cells and NK cells. The aim of this study was to elaborate the differentiation, phenotype and function of murine NK cells and TCR gd cells. In chapter 1 we focussed on the phenotypical and functional characteristics of murine fetal NK cells. Contrary to NK cells from adult mice, fetal NK cells have a limited NK receptor repertoire. The only NK receptor transcripts that could be detected were Ly49E and CD94/NKG2. In contrast with adult NK cells, fetal NK cells were not able to kill MHC class I-negative target cells, unless fetal NK cells were triggered via an activating NK receptor (part 1). As serological reagents against Ly49E and CD94/NKG2 were lacking, it was not clear whether Ly49E and CD94/NKG2 receptors were expressed at the cell surface of NK cells. Therefore, we generated anti-Ly49E and anti-CD94/NKG2 mAbs (part 2). Using both mAbs in flow cytometry, the phenotype of mouse fetal and adult NK cells was further extended. In part 3, we studied the NK differentiation potential of fetal versus adult hematopoietic precursor cells and analyzed the ordered expression of NK receptors on developing NK cells in vitro and in vivo. In the following chapter, the phenotypic and functional differentiation of gd T cells was studied. In part 1 we studied the intrathymic maturation of human gd T cells, and demonstrate that CD1 is a hallmark to distinguish immature from mature gd thymocytes. In part 2, the generated anti-Ly49E and anti-CD94/NKG2 mAbs have been used to demonstrate the phenotypical and functional relationship between NK cells and one subset of murine TCR gd cells, namely Vg3 T cells. We demonstrate that mature, but not immature, Vg3 T cells express both Ly49E and CD94/NKG2 receptors, and that the cytotoxic activity of Vg3 T cells can be inhibited by the inhibitory CD94/NKG2 receptor. In conclusion we can conclude that this work contributed to a better understanding in the phenotype, function, and differentiation of both NK cells and TCR gd cells.
Blood-volume determinations by means of radioisotope-labeled red cells. An experiment in biochemistry (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlood-volume determinations by means of radioisotope-labeled red cells. An experiment in biochemistryFabian Lionetti and Benjamin H. Sweet Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 2, 63Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1953Published inissue 1 February 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ed030p63RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop During Evaporation and Condensation of HCFC22 in Horizontal Copper Tubes with Many Inner Fins (2002)

Heat transfer performance and pressure drop during evaporation and condensation of HCFC22 in horizontal copper tubes with a lot of spiral fins were examined. Each outer diameter of the tubes was 7.00 mm. The number of fins ranged from 55 to 85 and the fin height ranged from 0.21 to 0.24 mm. The mass flux of HCFC22 ranged from 160 to 320 kg/m 2 s. The number of fins that gave the highest heat transfer coefficient was 80 for both evaporation and condensation. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing fin height. The pressure drop was not affected so much by the fin height and the number of fins. We discuss the relation between the heat transfer performance and the number of fins in terms of the inner surface area enhancement.