gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of intralaminar thalamic nuclei to spike‐and‐wave‐discharges during spontaneous seizures in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy (2001)

In an epileptic rat model of generalized absence epilepsies, the genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), simultaneous recordings of bilateral epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) of the prefrontal cortex and unit activity of neurons in the intralaminar centrolateral (CL) and paracentral thalamic nucleus (PC) were performed under neurolept-anaesthesia (fentanyl-dehydrobenzperidol analgesia). Spike-and-wave (SW) seizures in these rats are characterized by generalized 7-10 Hz spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) on the EEG. All neurons recorded in intralaminar thalamic nuclei during spontaneous SWDs showed high-frequency (average 368 Hz, range 200-500 Hz), burst-like activity, which occurred in a highly synchronized fashion with every SWD or with alternating SWD-complexes. Burst discharges in intralaminar neurons were delayed by 13.1 ms (CL) and 12.7 ms (PC), with respect to the spike component of a given SWD on the EEG, whereas burst discharges in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) and in the rostral nucleus reticularis thalami (rRT) preceded the spike component by 17.8 ms and 8.3 ms, respectively. The onset of SWDs on the EEG was preceded by a tonic firing pattern (20-50 Hz) in about one third of CL and PC neurons. Microiontophoretic application of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist bicuculline aggravated, whereas, the glutamate receptor antagonists DNQX and APV dampened, SWD-related discharges in PC and CL; the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 35347 had no measurable effect. These data indicate that intrathalamic nuclei are recruited rhythmically during SWDs, through mechanisms that seem to rely on a delayed glutamatergic excitation modulated by GABAergic influences, rather than a GABA-mediated rebound burst activity typical of relay cells. The finding of a temporal delay of SWD-related activity in intrathalamic, compared with "specific" thalamic relay nuclei, does not support the notion of a leading or pacemaker role in SWD generation. It is, however, rather suggestive of a function of intrathalamic neurons during synchronization and maintenance of neuronal oscillations, and these intrathalamic neurons may be recruited through glutamatergic corticofugal inputs.
Physicochemisty and Applications of Micro-Emulsions (2006)

Microemulsions are a class of microheterogeneous systems having unique features of stability, solubilization capacity, structural morphology, physical property and applicability. Depending on the types of oil and amphiphile, and environmental conditions, microemulsion systems of varied categories, consistencies and internal structures may result. The essentials of microemulsion systems are thus controlled by external factors and internal chemistry. The underlying physicochemical principles controlling their formation, phase behaviour and related properties supplemented with experimental observations need time to time assessment and appraisal to scientists and technologists. This review aims at such a purpose and makes a concise presentation of the physicochemistry and applications of microemulsions to bring the readers up-to-date with the present state of knowledge on the subject. The features that will be presented in some details are the theory of microemulsion formation, general procedure for their preparation, phase forming behaviour of mixed water, amphiphile and oil systems, viscosity and conductance behaviour in relation to internal consistency and structure. Important applications of microemulsions in enhnanced petroleum recovery, biotechnology, pharmaceutics, nanoparticle preparation, corrosion inhibition, etc. will also be discussed.
A2_3 Diamagnetic Levitation of a Human (2011)

In 2000, Nobel Laureate Geim successfully levitated a frog, in a magnetic field, using the diamagnetic response of water molecules. The below shows that a 70.6T magnet would be required if we were to levitate an average adult human by the same means.
Tire Testing (1960)

The use of tire tests for fiber characterization in research programs aimed at the development of improved tire yarns is discussed. Examples are included to demonstrate some of the factors which influence tire impact, fatigue, and heat resistance. The test results can be generally related to specific tire cord properties, thus defining the areas in which research should be concentrated.
Romanticism and Transcendentalism (1992)

This engaging guide includes important information on the foundations of romantic thought, romanticism and the new nation, gothic romance and sentimentalism, transcendentalism, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville, and romanticism and poetic voice. The writers covered include: Charles Brockden Brown; William Cullen Bryant; James Fenimore Cooper; Emily Dickinson; Frederick Douglass; Ralph Waldo Emerson; Margaret Fuller; Washington Irving; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow; James Russell Lowell; Edgar Allan Poe; Harriet Beecher Stowe; Henry David Thoreau; Walt Whitman; and more.
Wet-Spun Continuous Graphene Films (2014)

Macroscopic assembled, self-standing graphene and graphene oxide (GO) films have been demonstrated as promising materials in many emerging fields, such as Li ion battery electrodes, supercapacitors, heat spreaders, gas separation, and water desalination. Such films were mainly available on centimeter-scale via the time- and energy-consuming vacuum-filtration method, which seriously impedes their progress and large-scale applications. Due to the incompatibility between large-scale and ordered assembly structures, it remains a big challenge to access large-area assembled graphene thick films. Here, we report for the first time a fast wet-spinning assembly strategy to produce continuous GO and graphene thick films. A 20 m long, 5 cm wide, well-defined GO film was readily achieved at a speed of 1 m min–1. The continuous, strong GO films were easily woven into bamboo-mat-like fabrics and scrolled into highly flexible continuous fibers. The reduced graphene films with high thermal and moderate electrical conductivities were directly used as fast-response deicing electrothermal mats. The fast yet controllable wet-spinning assembly approach paves the way for industrial-scale utilization of graphene.
Demeclocycline-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (1973)

Renal concentrating defects were found in 8 out of 24 patients treated with demeclocycline for acne. By evaluation of maximum and minimum urine osmolalities, free-water clearance (CH2O), and solute-free water reabsorption (TCH2O), in three of five symptomatic patients the defect was determined to be nephrogenic, dose-dependent, and reversible. A dose-dependent, reversible defect in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-induced water flow was also produced by demeclocycline in gravimetric studies with paired toad urinary hemibladders. This defect in ADH responsiveness was probably located at the serosal surface and was probably caused by impairment of both cyclic-AMP generation and action.
[The role of glycine binding site in NMDA receptor--interactions between NMDA and D-serine in artificial anoxia/agycemia rat hippocampus]. (2003)

Glycine-binding site agonist alone does not act significantly but ion channels in NMDA receptor open more and become more effective when both glycine-binding site agonist and NMDA-binding site agonist exist, suggesting that there are interactions between NMDA-binding site and glycine-binding site in NMDA-receptor during anoxia.
Investigation and Exploration of ‘Student-Centered and Teacher-Led’ Teaching Model in English Medium Instruction (EMI) Calculus Course (2019)

The internationalization of higher education in China is constantly improving with an increasing level of diversification and globalization of education. High-level international English Medium Instruction (EMI) course is crucial to the cultivation of innovative international talents. Taking the Calculus course as an example, this article first demonstrates the importance and connotation of ‘know thy enemy and know yourself’ in the construction of EMI courses. Then it elaborates on the construction methods and significance of the ‘Leaning Community’, ‘Teaching Community’, and ‘Teaching-Learning Community’ through studies of the relationship between ‘teaching’ and ‘learning’ form the student-centered aspect. Such research provides a useful reference for the teaching model reform, especially the effective construction of EMI courses in non-native English-speaking countries.
Role of phosphoinositides in STIM1 dynamics and store-operated calcium entry (2009)

Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels involves the interaction at ER-PM (endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane) junctions of STIM (stromal interaction molecule) and Orai. STIM proteins are sensors of the luminal ER Ca2+ concentration and, following depletion of ER Ca2+, they oligomerize and translocate to ER-PM junctions where they form STIM puncta. Direct binding to Orai proteins activates their Ca2+ channel function. It has been suggested that an additional interaction of the C-terminal polybasic domain of STIM1 with PM phosphoinositides could contribute to STIM1 puncta formation prior to binding to Orai. In the present study, we investigated the role of phosphoinositides in the formation of STIM1 puncta and SOCE (store-operated Ca2+ entry) in response to store depletion. Treatment of HeLa cells with inhibitors of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and PI4K (phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase) (wortmannin and LY294002) partially inhibited formation of STIM1 puncta. Additional rapid depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 resulted in more substantial inhibition of the translocation of STIM1-EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) into puncta. The inhibition was extensive at a concentration of LY294002 (50 microM) that should primarily inhibit PI3K, consistent with a major role for PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in puncta formation. Depletion of phosphoinositides also inhibited SOCE based on measurement of the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration after store depletion. Overexpression of Orai1 resulted in a recovery of translocation of STMI1 into puncta following phosphoinositide depletion and, under these conditions, SOCE was increased to above control levels. These observations support the idea that phosphoinositides are not essential but contribute to STIM1 accumulation at ER-PM junctions with a second translocation mechanism involving direct STIM1-Orai interactions.
Imaging of non alcoholic fatty liver disease: A road less travelled (2013)

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum that includes simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. It is increasingly emerging as a cause of elevated liver enzymes, cryptogenic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The morbidity and mortality related to NAFLD is expected to rise with the upsurge of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The need of the hour is to devise techniques to estimate and then accurately follow-up hepatic fat content in patients with NAFLD. There are lots of imaging modalities in the radiological armamentarium, namely, ultrasonography with the extra edge of elastography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging with chemical shift imaging and spectroscopy to provide an estimation of hepatic fat content.
When do bubbles cause a floating body to sink? (2001)

The introduction of gas bubbles into a liquid might be expected to cause a relatively large floating body to sink when the average density of the fluid is less than the average density of the body. However, the rising bubbles could entrain the liquid, which would produce an upward drag on the body and thus lower the fluid density required to sink the body. Due to this drag, it is in fact not clear whether any amount of bubbles can cause a floating body to sink. In addition, there are many other effects that could alter the requisite fluid density. We describe qualitative lecture demonstrations which show that bubbles can indeed sink a body, including the case of ice in water. We also describe a quantitative experiment to determine the density of bubbly water required to sink a spherical body. The specific gravity of this body is varied from 0.99 to 0.75, and the results are compared to a simple theory.
Modeling CMOS gates driving RC interconnect loads (2001)

The problem of estimating the performance of CMOS gates driving RC interconnect loads is addressed in this paper. The widely accepted /spl pi/-model is used for the representation of an interconnect line that is driven by an inverter. The output waveform and the propagation delay of the inverter are analytically calculated taking into account the coupling capacitance between input and output and the effect of the short-circuit current. In addition, short-circuit power dissipation is accurately estimated. Once the voltage waveform at both the beginning and the end of an interconnect line are obtained, a simple method is employed in order to calculate the voltage waveform at each point of the line.
Simultaneous seismic data denoising and reconstruction via multichannel singular spectrum analysis (2011)

Abstract We present a rank reduction algorithm that permits simultaneous reconstruction and random noise attenuation of seismic records. We based our technique on multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA). The technique entails organizing spatial data at a given temporal frequency into a block Hankel matrix that in ideal conditions is a matrix of rank k, where k is the number of plane waves in the window of analysis. Additive noise and missing samples will increase the rank of the block Hankel matrix of the data. Consequently, rank reduction is proposed as a means to attenuate noise and recover missing traces. We present an iterative algorithm that resembles seismic data reconstruction with the method of projection onto convex sets. In addition, we propose to adopt a randomized singular value decomposition to accelerate the rank reduction stage of the algorithm. We apply MSSA reconstruction to synthetic examples and a field data set. Synthetic examples were used to assess the performance of the method in two reconstruction scenarios: a noise-free case and data contaminated with noise. In both cases, we found extremely low reconstructions errors that are indicative of an optimal recovery. The field data example consists of a 2D prestack volume that depends on common midpoint and offset. We use the MSSA reconstruction method to complete missing offsets and, at the same time, increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic volume.
Time Courses of Concentrations of Circulating Gonadotropin, Prolactin, Testosterone, and Cortisol in Adult Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Throughout the 24 h Light-Dark Cycle1 (1981)

Attempts were made to characterize the time courses of concentrations of circulating LH, FSH, PRL, testosterone (T), and cortisol throughout the light-dark cycle (lights on 0600–1800 h) in intact adult male rhesus monkeys. Blood samples were withdrawn from five animals every 20 min with a remote sampling device that permitted continuous access to the venous circulation with minimal restraint of the animal. Mean concentrations of plasma T were highest during darkness and declined abruptly shortly after the lights came on to reach a nadir ∿3 h later at 0900 h. Mean T levels then increased progressively and in an apparently rhythmic fluctuating fashion throughout the remainder of the light phase of the 24 h cycle. Individual animals exhibited very striking moment-to-moment changes in plasma T concentration composed of 7–12 discrete peaks during the 24 h cycle. The frequency of these episodes of testicular T secretion throughout the light phase of the cycle, and particularly during the initial 6 h of illumination (approximately one plasma T peak every 5 h), was noticeably slower than that during darkness (approximately one peak every 2 h). The amplitude of plasma T peaks, however, was similar throughout the entire light-dark cycle. Essentially every peak in concentration of circulating T was preceded by a brief, but distinct, elevation in plasma LH, and most discharges of LH (89%) were followed by an episode of T secretion. These findings suggest that in the male rhesus monkey the characteristic diurnal variation in circulating T is determined primarily by changes in the frequency of episodic testicular T secretion which, in turn, appears to be occasioned by a corresponding pattern of intermittent release of LH. Plasma prolactin levels were lowest at ∿0800 h, and concentrations of circulating cortisol exhibited, as expected, a diurnal variation typical of this plasma steroid. The time course of FSH was not forthcoming because concentrations of this plasma gonadotropin in the circulation were usually immeasureable by the RIA employed.
Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr.: Scholar, Law Reformer, Teacher, and Mentor (2010)

I am very honored to be invited to place my remarks among those published here. I do not approach in eminence the authors of the other tributes. But, if the question be who among us has learned the most from Geoff Hazard, I am prepared to stake my claim. As I will explain, Geoff has profoundly shaped my understanding of procedure. When, almost a decade ago, I arrived at the University of Pennsyl vania Law School to start my teaching career, I hoped to study the inter section of civil procedure and professional responsibility, and I knew of Geoff's larger-than-life stature in both of those fields. My knowledge, however, was relatively abstract. I did not yet know Geoff himself. My first task as a new teacher of civil procedure was to choose a casebook. Faced with a vast array, I chose Geoff s.1 The choice was easy. Other books offered me a teacher's manual; with this casebook I had access to the senior author. Of course, I have no doubt that Geoff would have been equally generous with his time had I been teaching from another casebook; but it was a particular delight to talk with him about directions in which to nudge my class's discus sion of his own book. Though I had, of course, taken civil procedure and I had prac ticed law, it was by teaching the course that I really began to learn the subject. And in that endeavor my primary instructor was Geoff?not just in person (that semester I came to love meeting him and our fel
Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Humans (2016)

n-3 PUFA decreased several markers of NAFLD; however, there was a lower observed efficacy in NASH treatment. Further long-term placebo-controlled studies with adequate power and supplementation duration and standardized and sensitive detection methods are needed to determine the efficacy of EPA and DHA individually and in a mixture to treat NAFLD and NASH.
Web-Based Bayesian Tutoring System (2006)

A number of Bayesian toolkits have been developed to learn from data through statistical inference. These toolkits are increasingly being applied in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) whose aim is to assist student learning. In this paper, we introduce a template for a Web-based Bayesian driven ITS, which organizes course material, tests student understanding, and evaluates student performance to suggest a further plan of study. In addition, we provide guidelines for constructing a knowledge domain that will include meaningful problems that test all concepts being learned
Current views on neurostimulation in the treatment of cardiac ischemic syndromes (1996)

Most clinicians are still unacquainted with the beneficial effects of neurostimulation as an additional therapeutic strategy for severe angina pectoris. Patients with therapeutically refractory angina pectoris suffer from chest discomfort during minimal exercise, despite maximal tolerated antianginal drug therapy (at least 2 out of a beta-blocker, calcium-antagonist or long-acting nitrate). In these patients, revascularization procedures, such as a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery, are often technically impossible because of diffuse coronary artery disease or should be withheld as a consequence of absolute contraindications such as severe left ventricular dysfunction. All patients have inoperable multivessel disease, experienced one or more myocardial infarctions, and were treated by earlier invasive interventions. This group of patients are severely physically and psychologically disabled by their intractable angina pectoris. Available published data and the neurostimulation experience of the authors are reviewed in relation to the treatment of cardiac ischemic syndromes. We conclude that neurostimulation is an effective therapeutic adjuvant for patients with severe angina pectoris unresponsive to standard treatment. This treatment modality appears to be safe, and a promising tool for other ischemic cardiac syndromes.
Heterochrony and human malformation (1988)

The role of altered developmental timing or heterochrony in morphologic evolution has intrigued classical and modern biologists. Analogous manifestations of developmental asynchrony occur in human dysmorphogenesis where they illustrate the residue and repertoire of phylogenetic change. Certain single malformations such as holoprosencephaly immediately suggest heterochrony by their resemblance to antecedent phylogenetic or embryologic structures. Multiple malformation syndromes of genetic, chromosomal, or teratogenic etiology may have altered developmental timing as an underlying theme. The persisting alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in ataxia-telangiectasia, the morphologic atavisms in Down or trisomy 13 syndromes, and the delayed growth or fetal to adult hemoglobin switch in diabetic embryopathy all exemplify developmental asynchrony. The perspective of heterochrony stresses the molecular history and hierarchy which is recapitulated with each pregnancy, and reconciles apparent discrepancies between the rates of molecular and morphologic evolution. Recognition of heterochrony places isolated anomalies in the context of pattern and suggests monitoring of teratogenesis through altered expression of ontogenetically regulated, phylogenetically relevant molecules.
Management of myelofibrosis: JAK inhibition and beyond (2017)

Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis with subsequent extramedullary hematopoiesis and abnormal cytokine expression leading to splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms and cytopenias. The discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation in the majority of MF patients has been followed by significant progress in drug development for MF. Areas covered: In this article, we review advances in the understanding of the underlying disease biology, prognostic assessment and therapeutic modalities for MF. We provide clinical trial evidence behind using the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, androgens, immunomodulatory drugs, interferon, cytoreductive drugs and hypomethylating agents in MF. Finally, we review novel therapeutic options for MF including the new JAK1/2 inhibitors, ruxolitinib based combination approaches as well as novel therapeutic agents. Expert commentary: Despite significant reduction of splenomegaly and improvement of symptom burden and a signal for survival improvement, ruxolitinib does not lead to major reductions in JAK2 V617F allele burden and bone marrow fibrosis. No ruxolitinib-based combination approach has so far demonstrated superiority over ruxolitinib monotherapy. The novel JAK2 inhibitors pacritinib and momelotinib, other JAK inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, anti-fibrosis agents and hsp90 inhibitors are in different stages of development.