gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quaternion from Rotation Matrix (1978)

A quaternion is regarded as a four-parameter representation of a coordinate transformation matrix, where the four components of the quaternion are treated on an equal basis. This leads to a unified, compact, and singularity-free approach to determining the quaternion when the matrix is given.
Equivalence detection using parse-tree normalization for math search (2007)

In recent years, efforts have begun to put math contents on the Web. As for other types of Web information, search capabilities should be provided to enable users to find what they need because without the ability to search the data for specific items, the data is useless. Conventional (i.e. textbased or even multimedia-based) search engines fall short of providing math-search capabilities. Preliminary efforts to create math-search systems have started, and many of the issues and the challenges for building such systems have been identified. One of the more difficult challenges is the detection of mathematical equivalence between expression in users’ queries and expressions in math contents. The purpose of this research is to develop techniques and algorithm for equivalence-detection based math search. In particular, this research aims to explore some proposed normalization rules, then to develop a general way that can be utilized to transform both the repository contents and users’ input expressions into a unified normalized form.
Mjere za smanjenje emisije štetnih komponenata ispušnih plinova Ottova motora (2012)

This paper deals with the measures that may be taken in the engine and outside the engine in an effort to reduce the harmful motor exhaust gas concentration emissions. These measures are being taken and elaborated with the prospect of meeting the increasingly requiring legal provisions on allowed concentrations of harmful exhaust emissions. This is meant to show the extent to which individual measures influence the level of emission of individual components, discussing at the same time the character of individual measures. The paper further reiterates the indispensability of optimization of all measures taken in the engine to reduce the emission of harmful exhaust gases to the minimum.
A domain-specific software architecture engineering process outline (1993)

One of the dilemmas that has prevented software developers from resuing software is the lack of software artifacts to use or the existence of artifacts that are difficult to integrate. Domain-Specific Software Architectures (DSSAs) have been proposed[4] in order to address these issues. A DSAA not only provides a framework for reusable software components to fit into, but captures the design rationale and provides for a degree of adaptability. This paper 1 presents an outline for a Domain-Specifid Software Architecture engineering process.
An overview of triangulation algorithms for simple polygons (2003)

Decomposing a simple polygon into simpler components is one of the basic tasks in computational geometry and its applications. The most important simple polygon decomposition is triangulation. Different techniques for triangulating a simple polygon were designed. The first part of the paper is an overview of triangulation algorithms based on diagonal insertion. In the second part, we present algorithms based on Delaunay triangulation. The basic ideas and approach for each algorithm are presented. Finally, some representative algorithms are compared by efficiency.
A <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$Ka$</tex> </formula>-Band <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$E$</tex> </formula>-Plane Waveguide Magic-T With Coplanar Arms (2014)

In this paper, an <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$E$</tex> </formula> -plane waveguide power divider and a waveguide-to-microstrip transition are used to form a waveguide magic-T with four arms in the same <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$E$</tex></formula> -plane. The input port of the original <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$E$</tex></formula> -plane waveguide power divider acts as the difference port of the magic-T, and a waveguide-to-microstrip transition is utilized to realize the sum port. The four arms are in the same plane, and traditional matching elements, such as cones, wedges, pins, and irises are not needed. The proposed magic-T features easy connection, fabrication, and assembly. The principle and design procedure are described in detail. A <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$Ka$</tex></formula> -band <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$E$</tex></formula> -plane waveguide magic-T is designed, fabricated, and measured. A fractional bandwidth of 21% is achieved. The measured and simulated results show good amplitude, phase, and isolation characteristics validating the proposed magic-T.
Experimental verification of the mathematical model of free-fall lifeboat launching kinematics (2001)

Free-Fall Lifeboat (FFL) has become a common lifesaving appliance on ships and offshore facilities. However, the manner of launching a FFL may cause potential danger of an injury to its occupants. Therefore prediction of the launching kinematics of FFL is of paramount importance for the design process. The paper is focused on experimental assessment of the launching trajectory and accelerations of FFL. The experiment results were used to determine certain data necessary for the computation and as a reference data to verify the results of computer simulation. Tests were carried out on scale models and prototype of a FFL. Some results of the simulation and experiments are indicated, as well as conclusions regarding use of the proposed method to support the process of designing free-fall systems.
Application of Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis (2011)

The noninvasive modality of speckle-tracking echocardiography with strain analysis is efficient and objective for identifying CAD in hemodialysis patients.
Implementation of AES Algorithm in UART Module for Secured Data Transfer (2012)

This work proposes the application of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm in Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) module for secure transfer of data. The proposed architecture implements AES-128 algorithm that encrypts the data before transmission through UART transmitter and decrypts after receiving the data at UART receiver module. In this work, we present the AES-128 encryption and decryption circuit using iterative architecture. The design has a clock generator circuit which provides the different clock frequencies to different sub modules. The complete design is described in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and is functionally verified using Xilinx ISE 9.1i software. It takes 47.2msec to transmit 128 bit encrypted data and 36.7msec to receive decrypted data on a Xilinx xc2vp70-7ff517 device. All the blocks of the proposed architecture are designed using FPGA technology.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Release and Antiplatelet Treatment with Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid (1993)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) are released from alpha granules during platelet activation. PDGF may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and the late restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on PDGF release was studied in healthy volunteers before and twelve hours after ingestion of 300 mg ASA. PDGF, beta-TG, and thromboxane B2(TxB2) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in serum and in platelet rich plasma (PRP) after submaximal stimulation with collagen. TxB2 decreased significantly from 0.9 +/- 0.3 ng/(mL x 10(6) platelets) to 0.006 +/- 0.005 ng/(mL x 10(6) platelets) (mean +/- SD) in serum after ASA ingestion while PDGF and beta-TG remained unchanged. Measurements in PRP after stimulation with collagen showed a significant decrease in PDGF (from 21.5 +/- 1.4 pg/(mL x 10(6) platelets) to 1.8 +/- 4.1 (pg/mL x 10(6) platelets), in beta-TG (from 21.0 +/- 13.3 ng/(mL x 10(6) platelets) to 2.2 +/- 1.4 ng/(mL x 10(6) platelets)) and in TxB2 (from 143.6 +/- 80.7 pg/(mL x 10(6) platelets) to 0.5 +/- 0.6 pg/(mL x 10(6) platelets)) after treatment with ASA. In conclusion low-dose ASA inhibits collagen-induced release of both beta-TG and PDGF in PRP and TxB2-synthesis in PRP and serum.
Wool production and quality of Magra sheep under hot arid zone of Rajasthan (2003)

Magra is most lustrous carpet wool producing sheep breed of India being improved at CSWRI, ARC, Bikaner through selective breeding. The data on 352 lambs born during 1999–2001 were recorded for first and second 6 monthly greasy fleece weights and 839 adults for spring, autumn and annual clips. A total of 461 wool samples collected from 6 months old lambs were analysed for wool quality parameters viz. diameter, hetero fibres, hairy fibres, medullation, staple length and crimp. The overall least squares means for adult spring, autumn and annual clips and lamb first and second 6-monthly greasy fleece weights were 976.2±13.19, 676.4±9.20, 1703.8±20.02 and 638.7±8.67 and 578.0±9.73 g, respectively. The effect of sex and year of lambing was found to be highly significant (P<0.01) on all clips except non significant effect on lambs clips. The overall lest squares means for fibre diameter, hetro fibre, hairy fibre, medullation, staple length were 32.31±0.1711, 31.32±0.72, 12.46±0.47, 42.67±0.91%, 6.16±0.07 cm and 0.86±0.02/cm, respectively. Sex showed highly significant influence on staple length and year showed highly significant influence on all the wool quality traits except significant (P<0.05) influence of year on hairy fibres. Wool production in different years although varied significantly still did not show any trend. The wool quality parameters indicated the wool to be of a good carpet quality with average diameter around 32μ while the average medullation of 43% was on higher side. As far as wool quality for carpet production is concemed there is need to reduce magnitude of hairy fibre through appropriate breeding programme.
Deformable planning CT to cone‐beam CT image registration in head‐and‐neck cancer (2011)

The authors have implemented and validated a deformable image registration method to register planning CT images to weekly CBCT images in head-and-neck cancer cases. The accuracy of the TRE values suggests that they can be used as a promising tool for automatic target delineation on CBCT.
Expression Patterns of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes Are Characteristically Modulated in Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer (2003)

We immunohistochemically identified protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes and the receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK-1) in normal, chronically inflamed, and malignant pancreas specimens. Expression patterns were specific and consistent for each microanatomic structure. In chronic pancreatitis, the expression patterns by epithelial cells were indistinguishable from those in normal pancreas. In the stroma, there was a gain of PKC-delta (P < .05) and loss of PKC-mu (P < .0001). Expression in pancreatic duct carcinomas, compared with control normal minor ductular epithelial cells, revealed relative loss of PKC-epsilon (P < .0001), PKC-iota (P = .005), and PKC-theta (P < .0001) but no gain in any isoenzyme. Compared with control normal major duct epithelial cells, the principal differences were a relative loss in PKC-gamma (P < .05) and a relative gain in PKC-beta (P < .05), PKC-iota (P < .05), and PKC-zeta (P < .005). The stroma adjacent to ductal carcinomas was characterized by prominent expression of PKC-mu and a gain in PKC-delta (P < .0001) and PKC-zeta (P > .005). Ampullary carcinomas revealed a relative gain of PKC-iota (P < .05) and RACK-1 (P < .05). In the adjacent stroma was enhanced expression of PKC-delta (P < .005) and PKC-gamma (P < .001) and loss of PKC-mu (P < .05). Specific changes in isoenzyme expression in stroma of chronic pancreatitis and in epithelial cells and stroma of ductal and ampullary pancreatic adenocarcinomas reflect specific modulation of intracellular signaling pathways that control critical homeostatic mechanisms.
Increased expression of dopamine receptors on lymphocytes in Parkinson's disease (1999)

Dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were assayed in 50 de novo patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), in 36 neurologic control subjects (multiple-system atrophy, n = 16; essential tremor, n = 10; other neurodegenerative diseases, n = 10), and in 26 healthy control subjects by radioligand binding assay techniques using [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]7OH-DPAT as ligands. Patients with PD revealed a higher density (Bmax) of dopamine D1-like (p <0.001) and D2-like (p <0.00001) receptors on PBL than either neurologic or healthy control subjects, whereas no differences in Bmax were observed among patients affected by other neurologic diseases and healthy control subjects. The affinity (Kd) of both radioligands was similar in the groups investigated. The pharmacologic profile of [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]7OH-DPAT binding was consistent with the labeling of dopamine D5 and D3 receptor subtypes, respectively. Twenty-five of the 50 patients with PD were retested after 3 months of therapy with levodopa or bromocriptine. Both treatments reduced the density of D1-like (p <0.001) and D2-like (p <0.001) receptors on PBL to values comparable to those of control subjects. The increased density of D1-like and D2-like receptors on PBL in de novo PD patients may represent an upregulation mechanism resulting from the diffuse impairment of the dopaminergic system in PD.
Improving compensation of nonlinear distortions in OFDM system using recurrent neural network with conjugate gradient algorithm (2005)

The paper presents a neural network predistortion technique compensating for nonlinear distortions caused by an HPA (high power amplifier) cascaded with a filter in an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system. It is confirmed by computer simulation that the proposed approach produces a faster convergence speed than the conventional backpropagation algorithm. The predistortion technique based on a neural network is very attractive from the implementation point of view, because of the low amount of RAM required and rapid convergence from a blind start.
Toughening and compatibilization of polyphenylene sulfide/nylon 66 blends with SEBS and maleic anhydride grafted SEBS triblock copolymers (2007)

Abstract In this study, styrene‐ b ‐ethylene/butylene‐ b ‐styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) and maleic anhydride grafted SEBS (SEBS‐ g ‐MA) were used as compatibilizers for the blends of polyphenylene sulfide/nylon 66 (PPS/PA66). The mechanical properties, including impact and tensile properties and morphology of the blends, were investigated by mechanical properties measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Impact measurements indicated that the impact strength of the blends increases slowly with elastomer (SEBS and SEBS‐ g ‐MA) content upto 20 wt %; thereafter, it increases sharply with increasing elastomer content. The impact energy of the elastomer‐compatibilized PPS/PA66 blends exceeded that of pure nylon 66, implying that the nylon 66 can be further toughened by the incorporation of brittle PPS minor phase in the presence of SEBS or SEBS‐ g ‐MA. The compatibilization efficiency of SEBS‐ g ‐MA for nylon‐rich PPS/PA66 was found to be higher than SEBS due to the in situ forming SEBS interphase between PPS and nylon 66. The correlation between the impact property and morphology of the SEBS‐ g ‐MA compatibilized PPS/PA66 blends is discussed. The excellent impact strength of the nylon‐rich blends resulted from shield yielding of the matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Use of flow-volume loops to evaluate upper airway obstruction in exercising standardbreds. (1993)

Flow-volume loops generated from 6 Standardbreds at rest and during treadmill exercise were evaluated for their use in detecting upper airway obstruction. Tidal breathing flow-volume loops (TBFVL) were obtained from horses at rest and exercising at speeds corresponding to 75% of maximal heart rate and at maximal heart rate. The TBFVL were evaluated, using a pulmonary function computer; calculated indices describing airflow rate and expiratory-to-inspiratory airflow ratio for individual loops were determined. In addition to TBFVL indices, standard variables of upper airway function also were measured: peak airflow, peak pressure, and calculated inspiratory and expiratory impedances. Measurements were recorded before left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy (LRLN; baseline) and 14 days after surgically induced left laryngeal hemiplegia. When horses were at rest, TBFVL shape and indices describing the loop were highly variable. In contrast, in exercising horses, TBFVL shape was consistent and coefficients of variation of loop indices were less during exercise than at rest. After LRLN, TBFVL from exercising horses indicated marked inspiratory airflow limitation, while the expiratory airflow curve was preserved. Peak inspiratory flow rate and inspiratory flow at 50 and 25% of tidal volume decreased, and the ratio of peak expiratory to inspiratory airflow and that of midtidal volume expiratory and inspiratory airflow rates increased significantly (P < 0.05). Inspiratory impedance also increased after LRLN. Although in resting horses TBFVL were not a useful indicator of upper airway obstruction, examination of TBFVL from exercising horses allowed objective, specific, and repeatable detection of upper airway obstruction. The technique was noninvasive, rapid, and well tolerated by horses; thus, it is a potentially valuable clinical diagnostic test.
Binding of divalent H-2Kd/IgG2aFc fusion protein to murine macrophage via Fc-FcR interaction. (2007)

Peptide-MHC class I complex (pMHC) is a specific ligand for TCR recognition, and important for CD8+ T cell activation. Here we described a genetically engineered divalent class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, H-2Kd/IgG2aFc, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domains of H-2Kd, a murine MHC class I molecule, and the Fc region of IgG2a. This fusion protein is expected to attach the H-2Kd molecule to the surface of murine macrophage (Mphi) through its Fc portion binding to Fc receptor (FcR) of Mphi. cDNAs coding for the extracellular domains of H-2Kd and the Fc region of IgG2a were cloned respectively, and then recombined into plasmid pcDNA3.1(+). The H-2Kd/IgG2aFc protein was expressed by the plasmid-transfected cell line J558L, and purified from its supernatant with a Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) column. The fusion protein showed a 58.4 kDa band as revealed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with murine IgG-specific antibody, which consists with that expected for extracellular domains of H-2Kd heavy chain plus the Fc region of IgG2a. The sandwich ELISA assay with antibodies specific for Fc portion and for H-2Kd indicated the fusion protein consists of both Fc portion and H-2Kd. Peritoneal Mphi of C57BL/6 (H-2Kb) can be stained with H-2Kd specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) after incubated with the H-2Kd/IgG2aFc fusion protein. These results demonstrate the fusion protein can be used to attach the H-2Kd molecule to the surface of murine Mphi, and provides a novel means to manipulate the T cell recognized epitope on the surface of murine Mphi, which can be applied to activate antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL).
Hybrid actuation of robotic manipulators: an integral mainfold control approach (2002)

The control of robotic manipulators powered by a hybrid actuation method is considered. The hybrid actuator consists of a pneumatically powered bladder actuator in conjunction with a traditional DC servomotor. A bladder actuator-DC motor pair is arranged coantagonistically with all identical pair to actuate manipulator joints. The proposed method of control for the hybrid actuator-powered robot utilizes all existing theory for the control of manipulators with flexible joint drives. A rigid control law in conjunction with a corrective control which compensates for pneumatic actuator compliance provides good trajectory tracking capability for low joint torsional stiffness, while retaining all the advantages of the proposed actuator configuration. It is seen that, for high joint torsional stiffness, a corrective control is virtually unnecessary, as the rigid control provides relatively good trajectory following capability. A 2-degree-of-freedom manipulator actuated with the hybrid actuator is simulated numerically to verify the performance of the proposed control law.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-user spatial diversity in a shadow-fading environment (2003)

In a wireless network, communication between a source and a destination mobile station (DMS) fails to establish if the source or the DMS is located inside a deep shadow-fading region. In this situation, intermediate mobile stations may be used to relay the signal between the two nodes. In a cellular system the source is a base station (BS) and the DMS is a weak mobile station (MS) while in an ad-hoc network, the source and the DMS are two nodes of the network. In this paper we study the scheme of "multi-user spatial diversity" as a new method of diversity to combat the undesired shadow-fade situation. We study the case where one or several mobile stations (MSs) relay the signal between the source and the DMS, in a shadow-fading environment. We derive a formula for the average outage probability of the received signal to noise ratio at the DMS, when M intermediate MSs relay the signal from the source to the DMS according to a particular protocol. The outage probability improves as the number of the relays increases.
Postirradiation Recovery of a Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel Investigated by Positron Annihilation and Microhardness Measurements (1993)

Positron lifetime and microhardness measurements have been performed on untreated, thermal-aged, neutron-irradiated, and postirradiation-annealed samples of reactor pressure vessel steels with the purpose of investigating the mechanisms of irradiation-induced hardening and recovery of the mechanical properties in these materials. The positron lifetime experiments have not revealed any evidence of the formation of a significant concentration of voids or vacancy clusters in samples irradiated at ∼290°C with fluences ≤2.71 × 1023 n/m2 (E > 1 MeV), but they suggest a dislocation annealing induced by the irradiation. Isochronal annealing experiments with neutron-irradiated samples show a simultaneous recovery in their positron lifetime and microhardness at ∼340°C. From the microhardness measurements, the yield strength of the irradiated material has been estimated.The results appear to be consistent with a model of hardening due to irradiation-induced dissolution of precipitates with formation of small metastable precipitates after postirradiation aging and recovery induced by the disappearance of these metastable precipitates.
Plastic, Agglutinating, and Free-Swelling Properties of American Coals (1963)

From Abstract: "This Bulletin presents, in collected and tabulated form, Bureau of Mines (Pittsburgh station) data pertaining to the plastic, agglutinating, and free-swelling characteristics of American coals."