gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patients at high risk for renal artery stenosis: a simple method of renal scintigraphic analysis with Tc-99m DTPA and captopril. (1990)

Fifty patients with suspected renal artery stenosis (RAS) were studied with renal scintigraphy before and after administration of captopril. Twenty-three patients had RAS (greater than or equal to 75% RAS or greater than or equal to 50% RAS with poststenotic dilatation) and 27 had normal renal arteries at angiography. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were discontinued 24 hours prior to renal scintigraphy; all other medications were continued. Each patient was evaluated with a simplified captopril renal scintigraphic protocol: renal imaging after administration of 12 mCi (444 MBq) of technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a 3-hour wait, oral administration of 50 mg of captopril, a 1-hour wait, and another scintigram obtained after administration of 12 mCi (444 MBq) of Tc-99m DTPA. Times of peak renal activity (Tmax) were determined from renal time-activity curves, and glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) were calculated with the Gates technique. A Tmax greater than or equal to 11 minutes after injection or a GFR ratio (larger GFR/smaller GFR) greater than 1.5 enabled detection of RAS with 91% sensitivity, 93% specificity, and 92% accuracy. Renal scintigraphy without captopril had only 43%-68% sensitivity in detecting RAS, depending on the criteria used.
Low-Dose Pulsatile Interleukin-6 As a Treatment Option for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (2017)

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Currently, pharmacological agents are limited to treating the pain associated with DPN, and do not address the underlying pathological mechanisms driving nerve damage, thus leaving a significant unmet medical need. Interestingly, research conducted using exercise as a treatment for DPN has revealed interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling to be associated with many positive benefits such as enhanced blood flow and lipid metabolism, decreased chronic inflammation, and peripheral nerve fiber regeneration. IL-6, once known solely as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is now understood to signal as a multifunctional cytokine, capable of eliciting both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in a context-dependent fashion. IL-6 released from muscle in response to exercise signals as a myokine and as such has a unique kinetic profile, whereby levels are transiently elevated up to 100-fold and return to baseline levels within 4 h. Importantly, this kinetic profile is in stark contrast to long-term IL-6 elevation that is associated with pro-inflammatory states. Given exercise induces IL-6 myokine signaling, and exercise has been shown to elicit numerous beneficial effects for the treatment of DPN, a causal link has been suggested. Here, we discuss both the clinical and preclinical literature related to the application of IL-6 as a treatment strategy for DPN. In addition, we discuss how IL-6 may directly modulate Schwann and nerve cells to explore a mechanistic understanding of how this treatment elicits a neuroprotective and/or regenerative response. Collectively, studies suggest that IL-6, when administered in a low-dose pulsatile strategy to mimic the body's natural response to exercise, may prove to be an effective treatment for the protection and/or restoration of peripheral nerve function in DPN. This review highlights the studies supporting this assertion and provides rationale for continued investigation of IL-6 for the treatment of DPN.
Identification of a novel HLA‐C allele, Cw*0406, in a Singapore Malay (1999)

A novel allele, C*0406, has been identified and is characterised by a single nucleotide substitution at position 196 of exon 3 when compared with its closest related allele, C*0403. The latter is found in 4/69 Chinese and 7/80 Malays while Cw*0406 was found in only one Malay individual within the study populations. The data suggest that Cw*0406 may have arisen as a relatively recent genetic event either by gene conversion or as a simple point mutation variant of Cw*0403.
Clinical impact of Micrometastasis of the Lymph Node in Gastric Cancer (2003)

Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes has been observed immunohistochemically, but the biological and clinical roles of minute nodal invasion of carcinoma in gastric cancer remain unclear. We used the anti-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) antibody to immunohistochemically detect nodal micrometastatic lesions that could not be identified by routine pathological examination. A total of 4203 lymph nodes were examined in 180 gastric cancer patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 36 of the 180 patients by routine pathological evaluation. Immunohistochemically micrometastasis was detected in the lymph nodes of 19 node-negative patients. Micrometastasis was not detected in any of the mucosal gastric cancer patients who underwent lymph node dissection. Gastric cancer patients with more than six metastatic lymph nodes all had nodal micrometastasis. Patients with micrometastasis had a significantly poorer survival rate than those without micrometastasis (P < 0.05). Based on the present results the presence of lymph node micrometastasis may provide a more accurate indication for surgical outcome in gastric cancer patients at the same clinical stage.
Improving Screening Efficiency through Iterative Screening Using Docking and Conformal Prediction (2017)

High-throughput screening, where thousands of molecules rapidly can be assessed for activity against a protein, has been the dominating approach in drug discovery for many years. However, these methods are costly and require much time and effort. In order to suggest an improvement to this situation, in this study, we apply an iterative screening process, where an initial set of compounds are selected for screening based on molecular docking. The outcome of the initial screen is then used to classify the remaining compounds through a conformal predictor. The approach was retrospectively validated using 41 targets from the Directory of Useful Decoys, Enhanced (DUD-E), ensuring scaffold diversity among the active compounds. The results show that 57% of the remaining active compounds could be identified while only screening 9.4% of the database. The overall hit rate (7.6%) was also higher than when using docking alone (5.2%). When limiting the search to the top scored compounds from docking, 39.6% of the active compounds could be identified, compared to 13.5% when screening the same number of compounds solely based on docking. The use of conformal predictors also gives a clear indication of the number of compounds to screen in the next iteration. These results indicate that iterative screening based on molecular docking and conformal prediction can be an efficient way to find active compounds while screening only a small part of the compound collection.
Unichiral 2-(2′-Pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxanes: the 2<i>R</i>,2′<i>S</i> Diastereomer of the <i>N</i>-Methyl-7-hydroxy Analogue Is a Potent α4β2- and α6β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist (2011)

A series of unichiral 7-substituted 2-(1'-methyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxanes were synthesized and tested for the affinity for the α4β2 and α7 central nicotinic receptors; the 2R,2'S diastereomer of the 7-OH analogue [(R,S)-7], unique in the series, has a high α4β2 affinity (12nM K(i)). N-Demethylation and configuration inversion of the stereocenters greatly weaken its α4β2 affinity, confirming that such a rigid molecule can be considered a new template for α4β2 ligands. Docking analysis showed how (R,S)-7 is capable of strongly and specifically interacting with the amino acidic counterpart of the α4β2 receptor binding site. Further pharmacological characterization demonstrated that (R,S)-7 also has a high affinity for the α6β2 receptor, and in vitro functional tests indicated that it is a potent α4β2 and α6β2 partial agonist, with modest affinity and potency for the α3β4 receptor. Comparison with varenicline, a well-known nicotinic partial agonist used as a smoking cessation aid, interestingly reveals similar nicotinoid profiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Stereoselection. Part 32. Synthesis and Characterization of the Diastereomeric (4S)‐Pentane‐1,2,3,4‐tetrols. (1986)

Abstract Die Stereochemie der Reaktion des Li‐enolats von (I) bzw. der Lewis‐Säure‐katalysierten Reaktion des Ketenaoetals (II) mit dem Aldehyd (VI) wird untersucht.
Standardisierte Urethradruckmessung mit Normwerten zur Streßinkontinenzdiagnostik (1986)

Standardising guidelines in urethrometry have been set up at the Department of Gynaecology of the Frauenfeld "Kantonsspital" hospital in collaboration with the Swiss working team for urodynamics. The article gives a detailed description of measurement technique, examination procedure and evaluation of curves. The standard values for continence, stress incontinence I and stress incontinence II/III are calculated. Finally, the article deals with the clinical interpretation of the urethral pressure profile.
Carbon dioxide laser turbinate surgery for chronic obstructive rhinitis (2000)

The CO(2) laser delivered through surgical microscope with the help of a self-retaining nasal speculum can be deemed a useful laser for turbinate surgery.
Mode I Fatigue Fracture and Damage Sensing of Bonded CFRP Joints Using CNT Networks in Adhesive Layer (2016)

This paper studies the Mode I fatigue fracture and damage sensing of bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite joints with carbon nanotube (CNT)-based polymer adhesive layer. Mode I fatigue tests were conducted on double cantilever beam (DCB) bonded joint specimens. The responses in the electrical resistance of the bonded joint specimens were measured during the tests. The effective crack length estimated from the specimen compliance was introduced to describe the fatigue damage development, and an analytical model based on the electrical conduction mechanism of CNT-based polymers was used to predict the electrical resistance change of the bonded joint specimens during fatigue loading. A comparison of the predicted results with the experimental data showed that the analytical model captures the electrical resistance behavior.
A robust and computationally efficient method for tonal active noise control using a simplified secondary path model (2008)

We present a computationally efficient method for sinusoidal noise cancellation based on the FXLMS algorithm. It features subsampling in order to increase convergence speed and decrease computational requirements, and most importantly, does not require extra noise added to the filter output for secondary path identification. In addition, it is robust to secondary path variations and in low SNR scenarios, which are frequently found in practical active noise control systems, features fast tracking and can be directly generalized to multichannel systems. We illustrate its operation with simulations.
1-(4-Chlorophenylsulfanyl)-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 1-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)-4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (2003)

Two chemical isomers of 3-nitrobenzotrifluoride, namely 1-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, C(13)H(7)ClF(3)NO(2)S, (I), and 1-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)-4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, C(13)H(7)ClF(3)NO(2)S, (II), have been prepared and their crystal structures determined with the specific purpose of forming a cocrystal of the two. The two compounds display a similar conformation, with dihedral angles between the benzene rings of 83.1 (1) and 76.2 (1) degrees, respectively, but (I) packs in P-1 while (II) packs in P2(1)/c, with C-H.O interactions. No cocrystal could be formed, and it is suggested that the C-H.O associations in (II) prevent intermolecular mixing and promote phase separation.
The 1.35-kb and 7.5-kb Duffy mRNA Isoforms Are Differently Regulated in Various Regions of Brain, Differ by the Length of Their 5′ Untranslated Sequence, but Encode the Same Polypeptide (1997)

To the Editor :

The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a seven-transmembrane domain glycoprotein of 35-45 kD that functions as receptor for the malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi and binds with high-affinity selected members of both the C-X-C and C-C classes of
EPRI ECTC test results: Effect of high flue gas velocity on wet limestone scrubber performance (1995)

The effect of operating a counter-current spray tower at high gas velocity (>10 ft/s) on FGD performance was investigated at EPRI`s Environmental Control Technology Center (ECTC). Test variables included gas velocity, liquid rate, mist eliminator type, spray nozzle type, and organic acid concentration. The effect of these variables on SO{sub 2} removal efficiency and mist eliminator performance was evaluated. Results from tests operating at a constant liquid rate show that the SO{sub 2} removal efficiency decreased as the absorber gas velocity was increased from 8 to 12 ft/s. However, increasing the velocity from 12 to 15 ft/s resulted in no additional decrease in SO{sub 2} removal efficiency. The data indicate that the gas-phase mass transfer coefficient and/or mass transfer area increase sufficiently at higher gas rates to offset the effect of gas rate on mass transfer units. The data show that as the absorber gas velocity increases, the liquid-to-gas ratio in the absorber can be reduced to achieve constant SO{sub 2} removal efficiency. The resultant decrease in operating cost due to lower L/G is at least partially offset by an increase in pressure drop through the absorber. No reentrainment was observed at velocities up to 15 ft/s.
Utilization of semiconductor strain gauges in pressure gradient sensor designs (1979)

The performance of a pressure gradient sensor of the fixed baffle type embodying semiconductor strain gauges is discussed. The output is optimized by the utilization of a bridge circuit providing good linearity and temperature compensation. Experimental data are obtained by means of a low-frequency acoustic calibrator similar in design to an earlier device [T. H. Ensign, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 108(A) (1971)] and compared with identical gradient transducers employing ceramic elements.
Advanced nuclear detection technologies and systems (2005)

Summary form only given. BNL is a leader in advanced designs for both neutron and gammas detectors for detecting, locating and identifying radiation sources that may be part of improvised nuclear devices or radiation dispersal devices. Using equipment that was originally built for neutron-scattering experiments at the High Flux Beam Reactor, we have developed a prototype thermal neutron camera capable of locating a Pu-based device at distances of tens of meters.
Pressure-temperature phase diagram of the organic superconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">E</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CN</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>]</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal"/></mml:math> (2002)

The pressure-temperature phase diagram of the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{BEDT}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{TTF}{)}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}[\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{CN}{)}_{2}]\mathrm{I}$ determined by resistive measurements is presented. Under a hydrostatic pressure of about 1 kbar an insulating state is transformed into a metallic state, showing superconductivity with a transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ up to 8 K. A resistivity maximum develops in the boundary region of insulator-metal transformation and its position gradually shifts to high temperatures with pressure. These properties of the salt are in line with the generic phase diagram for $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-phase materials, although the salt is located deep in the insulating domain of the phase diagram, contrary to the expectation based on the ionic radius of the halogen atom. We show the relation of the shape of the phase diagram to the degree of structural order in the material.
E-cadherin expression in primary carcinomas of the breast and its distant metastases (2003)

Aberrant E-cadherin expression is frequent in invasive ductal carcinomas that progress to develop distant metastases. Distant metastases consistently express E-cadherin, often more strongly than the primary tumor. Invasive lobular carcinomas have a different pattern of E-cadherin expression, suggesting a different role for E-cadherin in this form of breast carcinoma.
Stochastic layer scaling in the two-wire model for divertor tokamaks (2008)

Abstract The question of magnetic field structure in the vicinity of the separatrix in divertor tokamaks is studied. The authors have investigated this problem earlier in a series of papers, using various mathematical techniques. In the present paper, the two-wire model (TWM) [Reiman, A. 1996 Phys. Plasmas 3 , 906] is considered. It is noted that, in the TWM, it is useful to consider an extra equation expressing magnetic flux conservation. This equation does not add any more information to the TWM, since the equation is derived from the TWM. This equation is useful for controlling the step size in the numerical integration of the TWM equations. The TWM with the extra equation is called the flux-preserving TWM. Nevertheless, the technique is apparently still plagued by numerical inaccuracies when the perturbation level is low, resulting in an incorrect scaling of the stochastic layer width. The stochastic broadening of the separatrix in the flux-preserving TWM is compared with that in the low mn (poloidal mode number m and toroidal mode number n) map (LMN) [Ali, H., Punjabi, A., Boozer, A. and Evans, T. 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 , 1908]. The flux-preserving TWM and LMN both give Boozer–Rechester 0.5 power scaling of the stochastic layer width with the amplitude of magnetic perturbation when the perturbation is sufficiently large [Boozer, A. and Rechester, A. 1978, Phys. Fluids 21 , 682]. The flux-preserving TWM gives a larger stochastic layer width when the perturbation is low, while the LMN gives correct scaling in the low perturbation region. Area-preserving maps such as the LMN respect the Hamiltonian structure of field line trajectories, and have the added advantage of computational efficiency. Also, for a $1\frac12$ degree of freedom Hamiltonian system such as field lines, maps do not give Arnold diffusion.
Micromagnetic simulation of antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic structures (2002)

A novel approach for solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for antiferromagnets with the finite-element method is presented. The antiferromagnet is treated in a continuum theory which allows us to explore the domain structure on a mesoscopic length scale. The finite-element method is suitable to treat antiferromagnets with arbitrarily shaped grains as well as exchange coupled antiferromagnetic (AF)/ferromagnetic (F) structures. The change of the domain configuration in the antiferromagnet after the reversal of the ferromagnet leads to exchange bias in AF/F bilayers with perfectly compensated interfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 11‐DESOXY‐10ALPHA‐HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDINEN (1973)

Abstract Der aus (Ia) zugängliche Alkohol (Ib) wird mit Collin′s‐Reagens zu dem Aldehyd (II) oxidiert, der mit Pyridin den ungesättigten Aldehyd (III) bildet.
Endocrine Effects of Valproate in Adolescent Girls with Epilepsy (2007)

Long-term treatment with VPA in girls with epilepsy is associated with increased testosterone levels after menarche, without clinical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary syndrome, or an increase in BMI-SDS. VPA is a good treatment option in this age group but should be accompanied by careful endocrine observation.
Propagation of plasmons in designed single crystalline silver nanostructures (2012)

We demonstrate propagation of plasmons in single crystalline silver nanostructures fabricated using a combination of a bottom-up and a top-down approach. Silver nanoplates of thickness around 65 nm and a surface area of about 100 μm(2) are made using a wet chemical method. Silver nanotips and nanowires are then sculptured by focused ion beam milling. The plasmons are excited by using the fluorescence from the redeposited silver clusters during the milling process. Propagation of plasmons in the nanowires is observed in the visible spectral region. We also observe a cavity effect by measuring the emission spectrum from the distal wire end.
On the Complexity of Sorted Neighborhood (2015)

Record linkage concerns identifying semantically equivalent records in databases. Blocking methods are employed to avoid the cost of full pairwise similarity comparisons on $n$ records. In a seminal work, Hernandez and Stolfo proposed the Sorted Neighborhood blocking method. Several empirical variants have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of the Sorted Neighborhood procedure on which the variants are built. We show that achieving maximum performance on the Sorted Neighborhood procedure entails solving a sub-problem, which is shown to be NP-complete by reducing from the Travelling Salesman Problem. We also show that the sub-problem can occur in the traditional blocking method. Finally, we draw on recent developments concerning approximate Travelling Salesman solutions to define and analyze three approximation algorithms.
An Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Vapor Adsorption of Nitroglycerin and Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate on Chrysotile Asbestos (2000)

Abstract : The Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) is developing technologies for the safe, economically advantageous, and environmentally benign assessment, decontamination, and disposal of excess energetic material (EM) processing buildings at U.S. Army Ammunition Plants. Because of a lack of information regarding the possible interactions between asbestos-containing building materials and EMs, CERL began research efforts to determine the nature and extent of adsorption of common energetic compounds on chrysotile asbestos. The adsorption of the nitrate esters, nitroglycerin (NG) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), on chrysotile were selected for this initial study. Infrared spectroscopy was used as the principal analytical probe.
Metamagnetic behaviour under high magnetic fields in Ni<sub>50</sub>Mn<sub>50−<i>x</i></sub>In<sub><i>x</i></sub>(<i>x</i>= 14.0 and 15.6) shape memory alloys (2009)

Magnetization measurements up to high magnetic fields of 56 T applied with a pulsed magnet were carried out for x = 14.0 and 15.6 in Ni50Mn50−xInx alloys. Metamagnetic behaviour from the nonmagnetic martensite phase to the ferromagnetic parent phase was observed even at x = 14.0, where no ferromagnetic phase exists in the entire temperature range under a low magnetic field. The spontaneous magnetization Is for x = 14.0 and 15.6 was deduced to be about 6.4 and 6.0 μB/f.u., respectively, and the Is increased with decreasing In concentration. This result strongly suggests that the magnetic moment of Mn atoms substituted at the In sites couples ferromagnetically to the magnetic moment of Mn atoms at the Mn sites.