gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block copolyurethanes in the urinary system. (1977)

Free floating segments of block copolyurethane were implanted into rat bladders and compared with similar implants of silicone rubber. This urethane was far superior to silicone rubber in its ability to withstand incrustation in the rat bladder. Ten dogs had a segment of right ureter replaced by a tubular segment of smooth (or film) urethane and were followed with intravenous urography. At 1 month, eight of 10 dogs had right hydronephrosis. At the time of sacrifice (4 or 8 months) seven dogs had reduced hydronephrosis, and in three dogs intravenous urography was unsatisfactory for grading. Only two of the ten dogs had significant urinary infection. A smooth protein-like coasting appeared along the lumen of the graft, incrustation was minimal, and new mucosa and smooth muscle regeneration was seen. This material was well tolerated in the urinary tracts of dogs and rats.
Understanding insights into the basic structure and essential issues of table placement methods in clusters (2013)

A table placement method is a critical component in big data analytics on distributed systems. It determines the way how data values in a two-dimensional table are organized and stored in the underlying cluster. Based on Hadoop computing environments, several table placement methods have been proposed and implemented. However, a comprehensive and systematic study to understand, to compare, and to evaluate different table placement methods has not been done. Thus, it is highly desirable to gain important insights into the basic structure and essential issues of table placement methods in the context of big data processing infrastructures. In this paper, we present such a study. The basic structure of a data placement method consists of three core operations: row reordering, table partitioning, and data packing. All the existing placement methods are formed by these core operations with variations made by the three key factors: (1) the size of a horizontal logical subset of a table (or the size of a row group), (2) the function of mapping columns to column groups, and (3) the function of packing columns or column groups in a row group into physical blocks. We have designed and implemented a benchmarking tool to provide insights into how variations of each factor affect the I/O performance of reading data of a table stored by a table placement method. Based on our results, we give suggested actions to optimize table reading performance. Results from large-scale experiments have also confirmed that our findings are valid for production workloads. Finally, we present ORC File as a case study to show the effectiveness of our findings and suggested actions.
One-Trip Expandable Screen Installation Solves Water and Sand Management and Gas Production Issues in Nile Delta (2007)

In January 2006 El-Wastani Petroleum took a step<br>outside the proverbial “box” and made a decision to use<br>expandable technology as a solution for an existing<br>problem. The well, Gelgel #2, located in the Nile Delta<br>Field of South Manzala, was a prolific gas producer<br>whose upper sand body had watered out. Along with the<br>water came the inevitable sand production from this<br>Miocene Age sandstone. The need to shut off the water<br>and provide sand control within a limited work space<br>was the challenge.
The two-dimensional hyperbolic distribution and related distributions, with an application to Johannsen's bean data (1981)

The contours of equal density of the two-dimensional hyperbolic distribution indicate that this distribution is capable of describing a very specific and simple form for departure from the two-dimensional normal distribution. One of the classical examples of two-dimensional data showing nonnormal variation is Johannsen's bean data. After a brief discussion of elementary properties of the two-dimensional hyperbolic distribution, the possibility of fitting this distribution to a set of data, obtained from Johannsen's data by a simple transformation, is considered. The two-dimensional hyperbolic distribution belongs to the class of generalized hyperbolic distributions which is shown to be closed under the formation of marginal distributions, under conditioning and under affine transformation.
Band anticrossing in highly mismatched III V semiconductor alloys (2002)

In this paper we review the basic theoretical aspects as well as some important experimental results of the band anticrossing effects in highly electronegativity-mismatched semiconductor alloys, such as GaAs1−xNx and InyGa1−yAs1−xNx. The many-impurity Anderson model treated in the coherent potential approximation is applied to these semiconductor alloys, in which metallic anion atoms are partially substituted by a highly electronegative element at low concentrations. Analytical solutions of the Green's function provide dispersion relations and state broadenings for the restructured conduction bands. The solutions also lead to the physically intuitive and widely used two-level band anticrossing model. Significant experimental observations, including large bandgap reduction, great electron effective mass enhancement and unusual pressure behaviour of the bandgap, are compared with the predictions of the band anticrossing model. The band anticrossing model is extended over the entire Brillouin zone to explain the pressure behaviour of the lowest conduction band minimum in GaP1−xNx. Finally, we show that the band anticrossing can also account for the large bandgap bowing parameters observed in GaAsxSb1−x, InAsySb1−y and GaPxSb1−x alloys.
Thermal resistance of heterostructure lasers (1975)

A GaAs−GaAlAs heterostructure laser is modeled as a stripe heat source embedded in a layered structure, and an analytic expression is given for the steady−state thermal resistance 〈R〉 of the model. Over the range of typical layer thicknesses and conductivities, and for heat generated uniformly in the active region, 〈R〉 varies between 14 and 31 K/W for a 12×375−μ active region. Four types of heat sinks are shown to contribute an additional 3 to 10 K/W. Design implications are drawn for various properties including layer thicknesses, heat−sink and bond parameters, and radiative heat transfer by spontaneous emission. In disagreement with the common tacit assumption of a unique active−region temperature, it is found that about 40% of the temperature drop within the laser occurs in the active region (center to edge).
Needed: Cooperation Between the U.S. and the USSR in a Strong UN (1950)

I have been asked to comment on the March, 1950, editorial in MR entitled "Cooperation on the Left." In this article there is regret that the American Left is not as strong as in the good old days of FDR.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Developments in closed loop controller design for wind turbines (2000)

This paper reviews the design of algorithms for wind turbine pitch control, and also for generator torque control in the case of variable speed turbines. Some recent and possible future developments are discussed. Although pitch control is used primarily to limit power in high winds, it also has a significant effect on various loads. Particularly as turbines become larger, there is increasing interest in designing controllers to mitigate loads as far as possible. Torque control in variable speed turbines is used primarily to maximise energy capture below rated wind speed, and to limit the torque above rated. Once again there are opportunities for designing these controllers so as to mitigate certain loads. In addition to improving the design of the control algorithms, it is also possible to use additional sensors to help the controller to achieve its objectives more effectively. The use of additional actuators in the form of individual pitch controllers for each blade is also discussed. It is important to be able to quantify the benefits of any new controller. Although computer simulations are useful, field trials are also vital. The variability of the real wind means that particular care is needed in the design of the trials.
Photochemical addition of maleic anhydride derivatives and related compounds to benzene and polystyrene sensitized by low‐ and high‐molecular carbonyls (1978)

Abstract The photochemical addition of maleic anhydride to benzene initiated by radiation with λ > 340 nm is sensitized by low and high‐molecular carbonyls. Only those copolymers of para ‐substituted acrylophenones with methyl methacrylates are effective sensitizers that have a triplet energy E T higher than 276 kJ/mole. The efficiency of maleic anhydride addition was found to be higher for copolymers of acrylophenone with styrene ( E T > 276 kJ/mole) than that with polystyrene in the presence of low‐molecular ketone. The copolymer 4‐phenylacrylophenone–styrene exhibits maleic anhydride addition in solution and in film, although E T < 276 kJ/mole, possible caused by energy transfer from higher triplet level. The derivatives of maleic anhydride and structurally related compounds react under the conditions of sensitized photoaddition in a different way from the parent compound. Vinylene carbonate is added to polystyrene sensitized by acetophenone; 2,3‐dichloromaleic anhydride and 1,2‐dichlorovinylene carbonate initiated crosslinking of polystyrene in solution and in film; 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride mainly underwent dimerization (88% w/w); dimethyl maleate does not react at all. Maleic anhydride and other related compounds take part in these reactions in the lowest triplet state. Addition of maleimide and its derivatives to polystyrene proceeds as a nonsensitized reaction from the singlet state and is more effective than maleic anhydride addition to polystyrene in solution and in film. 2,3‐Dichloromaleimide dimerized (15% (w/w)) as well as undergoing addition to polystyrene.
Signaling through Toll-Like Receptors Induces Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation In Vivo (2008)

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) establishes a lifelong infection in mice and is used as a model pathogen to study the role of viral and host factors in chronic infection. The maintenance of chronic MHV68 infection, at least in some latency reservoirs, appears to be dependent on the capacity of the virus to reactivate from latency in vivo. However, the signals that lead to MHV68 reactivation in vivo are not well characterized. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), by recognizing the specific patterns of microbial components, play an essential role in the activation of innate immunity. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of TLR ligands to induce MHV68 reactivation, both in vitro and in vivo. The stimulation of latently infected B cell lines with ligands for TLRs 3, 4, 5, and 9 enhanced MHV68 reactivation; the ex vivo stimulation of latently infected primary splenocytes, recovered from infected mice, with poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, or CpG DNA led to early B-cell activation, B-cell proliferation, and a significant increase in the frequency of latently infected cells reactivating the virus. In vivo TLR stimulation also induced B-cell activation and MHV68 reactivation, resulting in heightened levels of virus replication in the lungs which correlated with an increase in MHV68-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. Importantly, TLR stimulation also led to an increase in MHV68 latency, as evidenced by an increase in viral genome-positive cells 2 weeks post-in vivo stimulation by specific TLR ligands. Thus, these data demonstrate that TLR stimulation can drive MHV68 reactivation from latency and suggests that periodic pathogen exposure may contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection through stimulating virus reactivation and reseeding latency reservoirs.
Interactive VSP‐CDP mapping in complex media (1984)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984Interactive VSP‐CDP mapping in complex mediaAuthors: B. R. CassellM. A. AlamK. O. MillahnB. R. CassellWestern Geophysical Co., England, M. A. AlamWestern Geophysical Co., England, and K. O. MillahnWestern Geophysical Co., Englandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894273 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894273FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySuppressing residual low-frequency noise in VSP reverse time migration by combining wavefield decomposition imaging condition with Poynting vector filtering6 October 2020 | Exploration Geophysics, Vol. 52, No. 23D-RVSP experimental study above a carbonate outcrop for coal resource exploration2 January 2019 | Acta Geophysica, Vol. 67, No. 1Performance of low-fold scalar migration for downhole seismic imaging of massive sulfide ore deposits at Norman West, Sudbury, CanadaChristof Mueller, Gilles Bellefleur, Erick Adam, Gervais Perron, Marko Mah, and Dave Snyder7 September 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 77, No. 5Rapid VSP-CDP mapping of 3-D VSP dataGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 65, No. 5Interpretive processing of a Walkaway VSP: Imaging a North Sea pre-Zechstein reservoirJournal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 3-4A three‐component VSP‐CDP transformAftab Alam, Muhammad Tahseen, and Chris Soufleris10 February 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1984 Pages: 856 publication data© 1984 Copyright © 1984 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION B. R. Cassell, M. A. Alam, and K. O. Millahn, (1984), "Interactive VSP‐CDP mapping in complex media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 842-845. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894273 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Einführung (1996)

Die empfundene Beeinträchtigung der ökologischen Umwelt als Lebensraum des Menschen wächst. Dies ergibt sich allein schon aus der akzellerierenden Zunahme der Weltbevölkerung, die sich einen gleichbleibenden Lebensraum teilen muß. Im Zeitraum der Erstellung dieser Arbeit äußerte sich die wachsende Betroffenheit auf der Weltkonferenz “Umwelt und Entwicklung” in Rio de Janeiro. Der gegenwärtige Lebensstandard in den Industrienationen ist aufgrund des hohen Ressourcenverzehrs, der mit ihm einhergeht, nicht auf die gesamte Weltbevölkerung zu übertragen. Durch die weiträumige Verbreitung der elektronischen Medien wecken westliche Lebensstandards gleichgerichtete Konsumbedürfnisse in allen Teilen unserer Welt. Als Ausweg aus der Schere zwischen wachsenden Konsumbedürfnissen und einhergehender Umweltbelastung werden weltwirtschaftlich ressourcenschonende, umweltverträgliche Technologien und Wirtschaftsweisen gefordert. Alle Maßnahmen zur Schonung der natürlichen Ressourcen und zur Abfallvermeidung sollen im folgenden als Umweltschutz bezeichnet werden. Innenpolitisch finden Umweltschutzthemen angestoßen durch aktuelle Ereignisse wie die Störfalle bei Hoechst, die Bewältigung der Altlasten auf Liegenschaften der ehemaligen DDR oder die Krise des Dualen Systems die verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit der öffentlichen Diskussion.
CAPACITIVE TOMOGRAPHY FOR THE LOCATION OF PLASTIC PIPE (2003)

The objective of this program was to develop and test a system that would detect and image buried plastic and ceramic pipe. The system is designed to detect variations in the electric permeability of soil corresponding to the presence of a buried plastic pipe. The Gas Technology Institute (GTI) proposed to develop a compact and inexpensive capacitive tomography-imaging sensor that can be placed on the ground to image objects embedded in the soil. The system provides a coarse image, which allows the operator to identify a buried object's location both horizontally and vertically.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid enhances acquisition, extinction, and reconsolidation of conditioned fear (2008)

Histone modifications contribute to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, a process now recognized to be important for the consolidation of long-term memory. Valproic acid (VPA), used for many years as an anticonvulsant and a mood stabilizer, has effects on learning and memory and enhances the extinction of conditioned fear through its function as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC). Here we report that VPA enhances long-term memory for both acquisition and extinction of cued-fear. Interestingly, VPA enhances extinction, but also enhances renewal of the original conditioned fear when tested in a within-subjects design. This effect appears to be related to a reconsolidation-like process since a single CS reminder in the presence of VPA can enhance long-term memory for the original fear in the context in which fear conditioning takes place. We also show that by modifying the intertrial interval during extinction training, VPA can strengthen reconsolidation of the original fear memory or enhance long-term memory for extinction such that it becomes independent of context. These findings have important implications for the use of HDAC inhibitors as adjuncts to behavior therapy in the treatment of phobia and related anxiety disorders.
A Case Study on System Introduction Plan for Policy Quality Control of Local Government (2009)

Most recently, development and publication of the ordinance and the manual of policy quality management is spreading the recognition of quality control in the public sector. The purpose of this study is to introduce the system of quality control for local government's policy. So we suggested lessons drew from the case study(Daegu metropolitan city, Gumi city) on current introduction. To successfully introduce the system of quality control for local government, we have to gain agrement for the new system, of introduction, secondly prepare the new system, lastly manage PQM with flexibility.
급성 신우신염을 가진 여성 환자에서 균혈증을 예측하기 위한 초기 혈장 프로칼시토닌, 젖산 및 C-반응성 단백질의 진단 성능 비교 (2019)

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the diagnostic performance of initial procalcitonin, lactate, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) for predicting bacteremia in female patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of female APN patients who visited the emergency department (ED) at the studied hospital between January 2015 and December 2016. The main outcome was bacteremia, which was reported via the first blood culture at ED. The patient demographics, co-morbidities, physiologies, and laboratory variables including initial procalcitonin, lactate, and hsCRP levels, were collected and analyzed to identify associations with the presence of bacteremia. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and sensitivity (SE)/specificity (SP) were calculated for each variable.
Results: During the study period, 282 patients were enrolled. A total of 105 (37.2%) patients had bacteremia. Escherichia coli was the most frequent pathogen. The AUROC was 0.70 (0.63-0.76), 0.70 (0.63-0.76), and 0.56 (0.49- 0.63) for the procalcitonin, lactate, and hsCRP, respectively. At a cut-off value of 0.163 ng/mL, the procalcitonin level predicted bacteremia, with a SE /SP of 95.2%/22.6%, respectively. At a cut-off value of 0.7 mmol/L, the lactate level predicted bacteremia with a SE/SP of 96.2%/20.9%, respectively. The combination of a procalcitonin level >0.447 ng/mL or a lactate level >0.7 mmo/L was chosen, as they showed 100% SE and a 100% negative predictive value.
Conclusion: The initial serum procalcitonin and lactate levels showed similar and fair discriminative performance for predicting bacteremia in female APN patients, while the hsCRP level showed poor performance. The combination of procalcitonin and lactate (procalcitonin level≤0.447 ng/mL and lactate≤0.7 mmol/L) can be used to identify patients at low risk of bacteremia.
Asymmetic Organocatalytic 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide to Methyl 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)acrylate for the Synthesis of Diastereoisomers of Spirotryprostatin A (2011)

The total synthesis of two diastereomers of spirotryprostatin A has been established starting with an asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methyl 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate with azomethine ylides catalyzed by a Brønsted acid.
Application of FRF-Based Inverse Substructuring Analysis to Vehicle NVH Problems (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A multi-coordinate FRF-based inverse substructuring approach is proposed to partition a vehicle system into two or more substructures, which are coupled at discrete interface points. The joint and free substructure dynamic characteristics are then extracted from the coupled system response spectra. Depending on the actual form of the structural coupling terms, three forms of the coupling matrix are assumed here. The most general one constitutes the non-diagonal form, and the other two simpler cases are the block-diagonal and purely diagonal representations that can be used to simplify testing process and overcome computational problems. The paper is focused on the investigation of the durability of these three formulations when the input FRFs are noise contaminated. A finite element model of a simplified vehicle system is used as the case study. In general, simulation results show that the non-diagonal and block-diagonal formulations are very sensitive to the input noise, while the purely diagonal formulation is much less noise sensitive. This is because the matrix inversion process involved in the non-diagonal and block-diagonal formulations cause the magnification of the input error. The singular value decomposition technique is then applied to address this problem. It turns out the performance of the non-diagonal and block-diagonal formulations can still be improved significantly when the input FRFs are heavily noise contaminated.</div>
Study on the Urban Space Expansion Based on GIS and RS Techniques (2011)

Based on the two Landsat TM images in 1988 and 2007, the urban construction land are extracted through GIS and RS techniques on the basis of Remote sensing images classifications, and the quantity and spatial distribution characteristics of urban construction land are analyzed. The results of the study show that the north and northeast direction are the leading orientation of urban construction land expansion, account for 45% of total expansion area. Farm land and forest are the transformation of the source of urban construction land expansion, and account for 27.17% and 23.74%, respectively. The main driving force of urban land use changes are including economic progress and population, terrain and administrative factors, especially the comprehensive effect among all these factors.
Evaluation of a Role for Intracellular Na + ,K + ,Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in Hyperthermic Cell Killing (1986)

A dose of heat which renders 98% of a population of Chinese hamster ovary cells reproductively dead has no significant effect on their Na+, K+, or Mg2+ content by 28 h postheat. In contrast, the cellular Ca2+ content increases in a dose-dependent manner as observed at 22 h after heating for 15-35 min at 45 degrees C. However, the rates of both influx and efflux of Ca2+ were reduced by heating. Increasing the cellular Ca2+ content by incubating the cells in high extracellular Ca2+, either at the time of heating or for a period of 22 h following heat, does not potentiate the lethal effect of heat. Completely blocking the heat-induced increase in Ca2+ content by incubating the cells in medium containing a low Ca2+ concentration does not protect the cells. Therefore, we conclude that heat does not produce any significant changes in the Na+, K+, or Mg2+ content of cells and that the heat-induced increase in Ca2+ does not play an important role in hyperthermic cell killing.