gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cervical Arthroplasty (2017)

It is a pleasure of mine to introduce the January 2017 Video Supplement, containing superb informational surgical videos on the topic of cervical arthroplasty.This nicely complements the upcoming monthly issue of Neurosurgical Focus on the same topic.This supplement is important for two reasons: it addresses an emerging standard of practice for cervical spine surgeons, and also introduces a new phase in the expansion of online features of Neurosurgical Focus.As of this New Year, we have increased the frequency of video supplements to appear quarterly.The topics of the video issues will be much more diverse, covering the breadth of operative neurosurgery.This will encompass both macro-and microsurgical video, and cover such diverse clinical arenas such as spine, functional, skull base, and open and endovascular surgery.Our wish is that these video supplements will enhance the educational materials offered by Focus and enable surgeons around the world to learn from subspecialty leaders of our field.
Work Losses Related To Inflammatory Bowel Disease in The United States: Results From The National Health Interview Survey (2003)

U.S. studies using varying methodologies have reported different estimates for the indirect, or nonmedical cost per person with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our analysis contributes to this literature by using the 1999 sample of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to estimate the work-loss effect of IBD on work in the United States and the associated cost to society.A weighted logistic regression model was used to estimate the OR of being out of the labor force as determined by predictive variables, including having been diagnosed with IBD, with or without symptoms. Controls included health status indicators and demographic variables. For those people in the labor force, a second analysis was performed to determine the relative influence of the same variables on working less than 12 months versus the entire year. SUDAAN 8.0 was used to generate population estimates, systematically correcting for survey design.Of IBD patients who had experienced symptoms in the past 12 months, 31.5% reported being out of the labor force (OR = 2.14, relative to the non-IBD group). We estimated the excess in the nonparticipation rate attributable to IBD with symptoms in the past 12 months in the United States to be 12.3%. Based on this, the indirect cost of nonparticipation attributable to IBD in 1998/1999 was more than $3.6 billion U.S. dollars (USD) or $5228 USD per person with IBD and symptoms. According to the second weighted logistic regression, for those who are in the labor force, having IBD had no association with the duration of work.By using directly observed data in our analysis, this method of estimation can be used to predict the overall paid-employment burden of IBD.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the bacterial basal body/switch complex by electron cryomicroscopy (1992)

The bacterial flagellum is unique among Nature's motors in that it posesses a reversible, rotary motor and a propeller that converts torque into thrust The basal body, that part of the flagellum isolated from cells in attempts to purify the motor, contains eight different structural proteins. In Salmonella typhimurimi, the basal body consists of four rings (denoted M, S, L, and P) threaded on a coaxial rod. The M-S, L and Prings are each composed of a different protein, FliF, FlgH, and Flgl, each of which is present in ∽26 copies. The rod contains four different proteins, FlgB, FlgC, FlgF, and FlgG. Also present is FliE. These all are present in ∽6 copies except for FlgG present in ∽26 copies. The proteins important for motor rotation, however, are missing in standard basal body preparations. These missing proteins include the three “switch” proteins, FliG, FliM, and FliN, which control motor reversal (clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation) and may correspond to the rotor and gearbox of the motor. FliG has recently been shown to be localized at the M ring.
Investigation into the benefits of reduced oil flows in internal combustion engines (2014)

The engine lubrication system is a vital element for engine health but causes a parasitic load on the engine which increases the fuel consumption: this load can be reduced by matching the oil flow to lubricating requirements using a variable displacement oil pump. In a first stage, two variable displacement oil pumps were installed on a 2.4-L diesel engine; experiments over the New European Drive cycle showed reductions in fuel consumption of up to 3.4% and up to 5.8% over the urban phase of the cycle. A variable displacement oil pump was subsequently installed on an instrumented engine capturing over 100 metal and fluid temperatures within the engine structure. This showed that reducing oil flows resulted in lower oil temperature by up to 4 °C during cold-start New European Drive cycle but hotter cylinder liner temperatures by up to 6 °C. The higher cylinder wall temperatures caused an increase of 3% in oxides of nitrogen emissions but a reduction of 3%−5% in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Finally, an energy flow analysis showed that the variable displacement oil pump can reduce oil pump energy consumption by 160 kJ (32%) but that this led to a 400-kJ reduction in friction and accessory work. These findings highlight the need for a system-level rather than a component-level approach to engine lubrication design to capture key thermal interactions.
Kinetic analysis of hot fluorine reactions in moderated methane-tetrafluoromethane systems (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic analysis of hot fluorine reactions in moderated methane-tetrafluoromethane systemsJohn F. J. Todd, Neville Colebourne, and Richard WolfgangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 9, 2875–2884Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/j100868a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (795 KB) Get e-Alerts
Nanoemulsions as potential vehicles for transdermal and dermal delivery of hydrophobic compounds: an overview (2012)

Nanoemulsions have been formulated using a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In many cases of dermal and transdermal nanoemulsions, the skin irritation or skin toxicity issues on human beings have not been considered which needs to be evaluated properly. In the last decade, much attention has been made in exploring new types of nanoemulsion-based drug delivery system for dermal and transdermal delivery of many hydrophobic compounds. This area of research would be very advantageous for formulation scientists in order to develop some nanoemulsion-based formulations for their commercial exploitation and clinical applications.
Thick-film multielectrode device for thermal modifications in isolated heart experiments (2005)

Previous works have been focused in studying the effects of global temperature changes on the heart. In this contribution a new method to cause thermal modifications in only a limited area of the cardiac tissue, and its experimental application, are explained. The developed device, based on thick-film technology and Peltier effect, was applied to quantify the temperature dependence of electrophysiological parameters in isolated rabbit hearts (Langendorff-perfused). The thermal changes were efficiently achieved in a short time and with sufficient precision. We obtained valuable information about how the local temperature affects the refractoriness, conduction velocity, or activation frequency during constant stimulation or ventricular fibrillation (VF).
High‐Throughput DNA Sequencing Beyond the Four‐Letter Code: Epigenetic Modifications Revealed by Single‐Molecule Bypass Kinetics (2010)

SM(A)RT analysis: A new approach for the direct high-throughput analysis of both DNA sequence and epigenetic nucleobase modifications is reviewed. The method, which relies on single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) DNA sequencing and overcomes many of the limitations of previous technologies for detecting methylation, might allow the detection of any nucleotide modifications that affect DNA polymerase bypass kinetics. Adapted from Nat. Methods Vol. 7, p. 461 with permission. Copyright Macmillan Publishers Ltd. (2010).
The postprandial response to a high fat meal: Effects of processed tomatoes on markers of inflammation and endothelial function in overweight men and women (2010)

Postprandial hyperlipidemia is associated with oxidative stress and elevated markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Tomato products contain appreciable levels of antioxidant nutrients and nutrient like compounds with potential for modulating oxidative‐/meal‐ induced inflammatory status and protecting the endothelium. We hypothesized that tomato paste added to a high fat meal known to induce hyperlipidemia would reduce the concomitant postprandial inflammation. Twenty‐three men and women (41.7 ± 12.8 y, 29.5 ± 3.6 kg/m 2 ) completed 2 postprandial (pp) tests after run‐in (3 wk of low tomato diet). Each test included consuming 1 of 2 pp meals; a high fat meal with (TOM) or without (Pbo) tomato paste (90 g). IL‐6, TNF‐α, and cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM and VCAM) were measured at 0, 3 and 6h. Test meals had a statistically marginal impact on IL‐6 (2.6 ± 0.2 vs 2.2 ± 0.2, p=0.08, respectively) and TNF‐α (2.1 ± 0.1 vs 2.0 ± 0.1, p=0.10, respectively); however, inclusion of BMI in the model revealed a significant interaction of BMI with meal showing a benefit of tomato that was most apparent in overweight individuals (p<0.05). ICAM and VCAM responses varied by test meals and BMI: TOM attenuated VCAM in obese people only. Consuming antioxidant‐rich foods with meals helps to modulate meal‐induced postprandial inflammation. Study sponsored by the Tomato Products Wellness Council.
A simple algorithm for learning <i>O</i>(log<i> n</i>)-term DNF (1996)

Article Free Access Share on A simple algorithm for learning O(log n)-term DNF Author: Eyal Kushilevitz Department of Computer Science, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Department of Computer Science, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelView Profile Authors Info & Claims COLT '96: Proceedings of the ninth annual conference on Computational learning theoryJanuary 1996 Pages 266–269https://doi.org/10.1145/238061.238115Online:01 January 1996Publication History 8citation189DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads189Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Structure, morphology and transport properties of nanocomposites films prepared from starch, montmorillonite and silver nitrate (2011)

Communication par affiche
Prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> Protects the Heart From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Its Receptor Subtype EP <sub>4</sub> (2004)

Both endogenous PGE2 and an exogenous EP4 agonist protect the heart from I/R injury via EP4. The potent cardioprotective effects of 4819-CD suggest that the compound would be useful for treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Molecular Oscillation Behind the Clockface (2003)

The earth rotates on its own axis while orbiting around the sun. This regular movement of the solar system results in cyclic changes of the light condition of the earth with a period of 24 h, although the lengths of daytime and nighttime depend on the latitude. The organisms living on the earth have evolved an internal time-measuring system called the "circadian clock," which ticks with a period of approximately 24 h in order to adapt to the environment and to anticipate the next cycle. The fact that most of existing organisms retain the circadian clock suggests that the clock-ownership must have been advantageous over non-ownership during their evolution. Here I will introduce the background of the research field of circadian rhythm and present an outline of this Special Review series, which is composed of three articles that review recent research into the molecular mechanisms of the three types of circadian clock systems in vertebrates.
Long-term safety study of iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2007)

We conducted a 52-week clinical study of iguratimod in 394 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis to evaluate the long-term safety of the drug. Iguratimod was administered orally at a daily dose of 25 mg for the first 4 weeks and 50 mg for the subsequent 48 weeks. Some of the patients continued the treatment for 100 weeks for their benefit. The cumulative incidence of adverse events for 100 weeks was 97.6%. The cumulative incidence of adverse reactions was 65.3%; unfavorable symptoms and signs (excluding abnormal laboratory data changes) accounted for 33.2% of the reactions, and abnormal laboratory data changes accounted for 50.4%. The continued treatment rate was 66.8% at week 28 and 53.6% at week 52. For reference, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response rate was calculated for the patients who had assessable disease activity, who did not violate the study protocol, and who continued the study treatment at weeks 28 and 52. The rate was 46.9% at week 28 and 41.0% at week 52. To use iguratimod safely for a long time, patients should be observed closely for adverse reactions such as increased hepatic enzymes.
Ropinirole versus bromocriptine in the treatment of early Parkinson's disease: A 6‐month interim report of a 3‐year study (1998)

Neuroprotective therapies are interventions that produce enduring benefits by favorably influencing underlying etiology or pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroprotection remains an unachieved goal of experimental therapeutics. A variety of pathogenetic mechanisms and propagating factors have been implicated in the emergence and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Antioxidative strategies have been the focus of neuroprotective trials for PD, but interpretation of the outcomes has been controversial. Traditional end points that respond to enhanced dopaminergic activity may not be suitable for distinguishing symptomatic from neuroprotective effects. Inferences supporting neuroprotective effects in clinical trials would be strengthened by attention to unmet therapeutic needs or relevant clinical end points that are not currently amenable to dopaminergic treatments. Progressive postural instability and intellectual impairment (dementia) represent two major unmet therapeutic needs in PD that are worthy outcomes in therapeutic trials. Imaging tools such as [18F]-dopa PET and [123I] B-CIT SPECT may provide valid and reliable biologic markers of nigrostriatal degeneration. Controlled clinical trials focused on unmet therapeutic needs, and involving valid biologic markers is expected to play a central role in development of neuroprotective therapy for PD.
Influence of Catalyst Pore Size on Demetallation Rate (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of Catalyst Pore Size on Demetallation RateKuppuswamy Rajagopalan and Dan LussCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1979, 18, 3, 459–465Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260071a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i260071a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A New Method of Obtaining High Enrichment of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Arc-discharge with carbon electrodes containing Ni and Y2O3 in the presence of Fe(CO)5 vapors have been investigated. It is found that unlike the cathode deposit, the web deposited in the chamber contains mainly metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as evidenced from Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy. The percentage of metallic SWNTs increases with the concentration of Fe(CO)5. Under optimal conditions, the web contains over 90% of metallic SWNTs. This method enables the synthesis of nearly pure metallic SWNTs on a large scale.
Transfer efficiencies in guided-wave electrooptic filters mode converters (1982)

This paper examines the effects of a spatially nonuniform electric field in guided-wave electrooptic filters, illustrating specific and distinct ways in which this nonuniformity influences the transfer efficiencies of these important components. Experimental data are presented to support the analysis.
Research on Stable, High-Efficiency Amorphous Silicon Mautijunction Modules, Semiannual Subcontract Report, Phase 1: 1 May 1990 - 31 October 1990 (1991)

This report discusses the progress made from May to October 1990 on the development of solar cell modules by the Solar Energy Research Institute. Topics include the preparation and performance of semiconductor junctions. Research work in non-semiconductor materials is presented, and the design and testing of triple stacked solar cells are presented, too. 21 refs., 30 figs., 6 tabs. (GHH)
Identification of Characteristic Motor Patterns Preceding Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Wearable Sensors (2017)

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom that is common among patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). External cues such as rhythmic auditory stimulation can help PD patients experiencing freezing to resume walking. Wearable systems for automatic freezing detection have been recently developed. However, these systems detect a FOG episode after it has happened. Instead, in this study, a new approach for the prediction of FOG (before it actually happens) is presented. Prediction of FOG might enable preventive cueing, reducing the likelihood that FOG will occur. Moreover, understanding the causes and circumstances of FOG is still an open research problem. Hence, a quantitative characterization of movement patterns just before FOG (the pre-FOG phase) is of great importance. In this study, wearable inertial sensors were used to identify and quantify the characteristics of gait during the pre-FOG phase and compare them with the characteristics of gait that do not precede FOG. The hypothesis of this study is based on the threshold-based model of FOG, which suggests that before FOG occurs, there is a degradation of the gait pattern. Eleven PD subjects were analyzed. Six features extracted from movement signals recorded by inertial sensors showed significant differences between gait and pre-FOG. A classification algorithm was developed in order to test if it is feasible to predict FOG (i.e., detect it before it happens). The aim of the classification procedure was to identify the pre-FOG phase. Results confirm that there is a degradation of gait occurring before freezing. Results also provide preliminary evidence on the feasibility of creating an automatic algorithm to predict FOG. Although some limitations are present, this study shows promising findings for characterizing and identifying pre-FOG patterns, another step toward a better understanding, prediction, and prevention of this disabling symptom.
Construction and estimation of new measurement system of range finding speedometer using self-mixing laser diode (2003)

We constructed a new measurement system which introduces an improved signal processing method to the previously proposed range finding speedometer using a self-mixing laser diode. The measurement error of mode hop frequency proportional to a distance has become nearly less than I%, about a third of the previous error. Therefore, the efficacy of this new method is verified. Keyword: Self-mixing laser diode, Range finding speedometer, Correlation function
Junctional adhesion molecule-A-deficient polymorphonuclear cells show reduced diapedesis in peritonitis and heart ischemia-reperfusion injury (2005)

Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane adhesive protein expressed at endothelial junctions and in leukocytes. Here we report that JAM-A is required for the correct infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into an inflamed peritoneum or in the heart upon ischemia-reperfusion injury. The defect was not observed in mice with an endothelium-restricted deficiency of the protein but was still detectable in mice transplanted with bone marrow from JAM-A(-/-) donors. Microscopic examination of mesenteric and heart microvasculature of JAM-A(-/-) mice showed high numbers of PMN adherent on the endothelium or entrapped between endothelial cells and the basement membrane. In vitro, in the absence of JAM-A, PMN adhered more efficiently to endothelial cells and basement membrane proteins, and their polarized movement was strongly reduced. This paper describes a nonredundant role of JAM-A in controlling PMN diapedesis through the vessel wall.