gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Coupled Oxidation of Heme by an Active Site Variant of Horse Heart Myoglobin (1996)

The coupled oxidation of protoheme IX at the active sites of heme proteins exposed to ascorbate in the presence of dioxygen has been known for over 65 years and is related to the catalytic conversion of protoheme IX to biliverdin by the enzyme heme oxygenase. The present report demonstrates that replacement of two residues present in the distal heme pocket of horse heart myoglobin (Mb), Val67 and Val68, with alanine and serine, respectively, increases the efficiency of coupled oxidation in the active site of myoglobin. HPLC analysis of the heme oxidation product demonstrates that the specificity of wild-type myoglobin for opening the heme ring at the α-meso carbon is retained by the variant. The infrared spectrum of the carbonyl derivative of the variant exhibits νCO bands of comparable intensity at 1948 and 1958 cm-1, which are consistent with the presence of the polar serine residue in close proximity to the bound ligand. The high-resolution crystal structure of the Val67Ala/Val68Ser metMb variant establishes that a hydrogen bond forms between the hydroxyl group of Ser68 and the coordinated water molecule. The increased rate of coupled oxidation exhibited by the variant is attributed to the increased polarity of the distal pocket created by the amino acid substitutions. These results are discussed in light of recent work concerning the active site of heme oxygenase.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Polyorganophosphazenes to Radiation with 2,2,4,4,6,6-Hexakis(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)Cyclotriphosphazene Monomer and its Application for Negative Resists (1994)

Abstract This work focuses on the application of a multifunctional phosphazene monomer, 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-cyclotriphosphazene (6-Hema) for enhancement of the sensitivity of polyphosphazenes to both 60Co and E-beam radiation. Specifically, elastomeric and glassy phosphazene polymer films treated with 6-Hema were irradiated under vacuum, and the gel content was determined. The Charlesby-Pinner approach was used to compare the radiation sensitivities of these films. This served as the basis for eventually preparing SiO2 wafers with thin films of the glassy polyphosphazenes mixed with or overcoated by the 6-Hema monomer. The SiO2 wafers prepared with the most sensitive polymer/monomer system were patterned with an ERC electron beam accelerator/scanning electron microscope computer-driven instrument. It was determined that these negative resist films were 1-2 orders of magnitude more sensitive to radiation than the polymers without the monomer.
Gene Technology, Biological Weapons, and the Security of Science (2009)

This article addresses the security challenge posed by laboratory research involving genetic modification of microorganisms that could be applied for both benign and malevolent purposes. The authors propose that, for biological arms control purposes, a global governance culture is required to manage the security risks inherent in such research while minimizing scientific opportunity costs.
Malignancy after Liver Transplantation (2013)

Liver allograft recipients are at increased risk of donor-transmitted, donor-derived and de novo cancers. Of the de novo cancers, skin malignancies account for half and, of the remainder, gastrointestinal, lung, female genitourinary malignancies and oropharyngeal/laryngeal cancers are the most common. Risk factors for de novo cancer include older age, smoking and a transplant for primary sclerosing cholangitis or alcoholic liver disease. Patients should be aware of these risks so that early symptoms suggestive of cancer can be reported and investigated rapidly.
Methane and Ethane Decomposition in an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet (2007)

This paper reports on studies obtained from RF-driven atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet excitation of methane and ethane. Differentiation with other works is achieved in that others have considered hydrocarbon decomposition at either low pressure or high temperature. In our experiments, we can clarify the effect of pure-plasma treatment of hydrocarbons, as opposed to the thermal effect of gas heating that results in pyrolysis. Gas-chromatography analysis was used to detect and quantify the main decomposition products. Kinetic modeling of the pertinent chemistry was performed by dividing the reactive system in two main parts: a plasma region where the electron impact processes leading to decomposition are considered and a postplasma region where recombination of nonstable species occurs. A reasonable qualitative agreement between the experimentally measured by-product concentrations and the calculations was achieved. It is observed that our proposed recombination mechanism correctly predicts ethane and ethylene formation from a discharge and methane, ethylene, propane, and acetylene formation from the discharge. By means of calculations, the main role of radicals in the pertinent hydrocarbon chemistry under nonthermal plasma conditions is confirmed.
InAlGaAs/AlGaAs Superlattices for Polarized Electron Photocathodes (2005)

Highly efficient emitters of polarized electrons based on the InAlGaAs/AlGaAs superlattice give an optimistic prognosis to explorations of such structures as the sources for accelerators. A new set of these SL structures with minimized conduction band offset was designed and recently tested. A new technology of surface protection in MBE growth leads to a significantly reduced heat-cleaning temperature. At these lowered cleaning temperatures, the thermal degradation of the working structure parameters is avoided. As a result a polarization P of up to 91% at corresponding quantum efficiency (QE) of 0.3% was achieved at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: LITHIATION OF N,N‐DIMETHYLMETHALLYLAMINE (1981)

Abstract Aus N,N‐Dimethylmethallylamin (I) wird die Lithiumverbindung (II) hergestellt, die dann mit Benzophenon (III) zum Carbinol (IV) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Perfluoroalkylation of Alkenes with Perfluoroalkanesulfonyl Chlorides Catalysed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Silica Gel and its Derivatization for Liquid Chromatography (2009)

Abstract In this article, we review the preparation and use of silica and hybrid packings and their derivatives in liquid chromatography (LC). First, the properties of the carrier that are important for its application in LC are examined and then bonded phases and coated phases based on silica and hybrid packings are considered. The current state of the art of the preparation of bonded phases and coated phases is surveyed, and the properties that are relevant for the chromatographer are discussed. Owing to the popularity of reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), most of the emphasis is placed on phases used in this technique; however, other chromatographic techniques are not ignored. A detailed characterization of reversed‐phase packings is provided.
INTEGRATED POLISHING STEPS FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PURIFICATION (2017)

This chapter presents an overview of the polishing steps most frequently used in antibody manufacturing and discusses the considerations to be kept in mind while integrating these steps into the overall purification scheme. Some of the chromatography strategies discussed in the chapter, such as anion exchange (AEX) in weak partitioning mode, the use of mixed-mode resins, or the use of membrane chromatography, might help to achieve that vision. Ion-exchange (IEX) chromatography is widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for the process-scale purification of mAbs, fusion proteins, and other protein therapeutics. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is based on the interaction between hydrophobic ligands (aliphatic or aromatic) and hydrophobic residues on the protein surface. Hydroxyapatite (HA) chromatography is a very selective polishing step in antibody manufacturing and is able to remove HCP, aggregates, and leached Protein A.
Evidence for symmetry breaking local distortions in thallium barium copper oxide (1994)

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) show local structural anomalies in Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CuO{sub 6}, which reduce the crystal symmetry; this symmetry lowering is interpreted as an indication of the existence of localized states. A local structural model consistent with the EXAFS results consists of a fraction of the O(1) sites displaced from the midpoint of the Cu-Cu bond, and dimpling of the CuO{sub 2} planes when the O(1) site is not displaced from this midpoint.
Studies on Infrared Heating (1952)

赤外線を用いて薄い金屬板に施された塗裝を乾燥燒付する裝置を合理的に設計することを目的として,まず赤外線源の輻射効率を直接に測定する方法を提案し,次いで大氣中に吊り下げられた金屬板を赤外線によつて加熱する實驗をおこない,その場合の最高温度および最高放熱係数を測定した。次に裝置設計上重要な値である最高放熱係數は自然對流の他に輻射によるものをも考慮すべきことを論じ,熱収支の基本式から計算したその値は実驗値に大約一致することを確かめ,この計算方法は赤外線加熱裝置の設計に十分使用できることを示した。
Solar wind ion scattering by Alfvén-cyclotron fluctuations: ion temperature anisotropies versus relative alpha particle densities (2006)

Analysis of plasma data from the ACE spacecraft for 4 months of solar wind observations shows negative statistical correlations between the T⊥/T∥ of alpha particles and the relative alpha particle density, as well as between the T⊥/T∥ of the protons and the relative alpha particle density. Here, the subscripts refer to directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field. Hybrid computer simulations of the interaction between an applied spectrum of steady Alfvén-cyclotron fluctuations and a solar-wind-like plasma also show negative correlations between the alpha particle and proton temperature anisotropies and the relative alpha particle density. These results imply that these correlations are signatures of ion scattering by Alfven-cyclotron fluctuations, and that such scattering occurs sporadically in the solar wind near Earth.
Alteration of the Cytotoxic Action of Sensitized Lymphocytes by Cholinergic Agents and Activators of Adenylate Cyclase (1972)

The cytotoxic action of lymphocytes upon cells bearing alloantigens to which they are sensitized is inhibited by agents that elevate intracellular amounts of 3':5'-cyclic AMP: prostaglandin E(1), cholera toxin, and theophylline. Cholinergic agents, added in the range of 1 to 100 pM, enhance cytotoxicity, an effect that is blocked by atropine. Because cholinergic agents elevate cyclic GMP in other in vitro systems, these findings suggest that the cytotoxic process effected by sensitized lymphocytes is a secretory phenomenon modulated by cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.
The Utility of Interappendicular Connections in Bipedal Locomotion (2017)

Homo sapiens constitute the only currently obligate bipedal mammals and, as it stands, upright bipedal locomotion is a defining characteristic of humans. Indeed, while the evolution to bipedalism has allowed for the upper limbs to be liberated from ground contact during ambulation, their role in locomotion is far from obsolete. Rather, there is reason to believe that arm swing offers important mechanical and neurological advantages to bipedal locomotion. In this short review, we present some compelling findings on the neural connections between the arms and legs during human locomotion. We begin with a description of the importance of arm swing during walking from a mechanical perspective. Then, we examine evidence for the existence of interappendicular connections that converge along with peripheral afferents, descending inputs, and propriospinal projections, onto the neural circuits innervating the muscles of the arms and legs. The varied effects of interappendicular coupling on the neural control of locomotion are also examined in cases of neurological injury. We use the insight gained from these collected works as well as those from our own studies on locomotor training to discuss strategies to use interappendicular connections to rehabilitate walking in individuals experiencing loss of function after debilitating spinal cord injury.
Time courses of changes in cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier integrity by focal proton radiation in the rat (1996)

In order to know the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying radiation brain injury, cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier integrity were studied using N-isopropyl-p-[123l]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and [14C]-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), respectively, in the rat focal proton radiation model (a single dose of 30 or 60 Gy radiation with 70 MeV proton beams). One, 2, 4, and 5.5 months after irradiation, [123l]IMP and [14C]AIB were intravenously injected and uptake of IMP and AIB in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and thalamus was measured. Significant decreases in IMP uptake were observed in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of the irradiated side at 4 and 5.5 months after 60 Gy irradiation; the effects at 5.5 months were more prominent than those at 4 months. AIB uptake markedly increased in all the brain regions of the irradiated side at 5.5 months after 60 Gy irradiation, and at 4 months, only in the hippocampus. The results suggest that there are dose- and time-dependent responses in radiation effects and regional differences in tissue vulnerability to radiation. Proton focal radiation model appears to be a useful model for studies of radiation brain injury in small animals such as rats.
Regulatory peptides and their antagonists in nephropathies (2000)

Many peptides influence renal function and structure in physiological and pathophysiological situations. Bioactive peptides that regulate renal function and structure encompass various substances including vasopeptides, growth factors, cytokines and peptide hormones. We highlight some novel concepts indicating that the vasoactive peptides angiotensin II and endothelin-1 play a major role in the progression of renal disease. These effects may be amplified by reduced concentration of counteracting natriuretic peptides. In addition, recent evidence suggests that peptides such as leptin, previously not considered to exert any renal effects, may be involved in renal pathophysiology under certain conditions. One of the most imperative tasks in nephrology is to develop innovative strategies to slow the progression of chronic renal disease. Interference with the renal action of bioactive peptides will certainly be part of this strategy.
Correction: Synthetic enzyme supercomplexes: co-immobilization of enzyme cascades (2015)

Correction for ‘Synthetic enzyme supercomplexes: co-immobilization of enzyme cascades’ by F. Kazenwadel <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Anal. Methods</italic>, 2015, <bold>7</bold>, 4030–4037.
Reconfigurable analogue hardware evolution of adaptive spiking neural network controllers (2008)

This paper details the hardware evolution of adaptive Spiking Neural Network (SNN) controllers, implemented on a network of cascaded Field Programmable Analogue Arrays (FPAAs). The fixed architecture, feed forward SNNs are trained using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). An obstacle avoidance simulated robotics controller application is chosen to test the FPAA reconfigurable hardware evolution platform. Evolved behaviours, resulting from FPAA-based SNN controllers, are compared with those obtained using software-based SNN implementations. Results presented indicate the emergence of effective behaviours and adaptation to environmental change.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity Evaluation of Some Mercapto Pyrimidine and Pyrimidobenzimidazole Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pancreatic duct: MR cholangiopancreatography with a three-dimensional fast spin-echo technique. (1995)

MR cholangiopancreatography can accurately demonstrate the normal pancreatic duct as well as various pancreatic duct abnormalities.
Assessment of Pancreatic Parenchymal Invasion by Bile Duct Cancer Using Intraductal Ultrasonography (1996)

IDUS proved useful for assessing the extension of cancer invasion to the pancreatic parenchyma, but not to the pancreatic capsule or mucosal surface.
Factor VIII and other hemostasis variables are related to incident diabetes in adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. (1999)

Factor VIII and other hemostasis variables are associated with the development of diabetes in middle-aged adults. These findings support a role for inflammation and, particularly in women, endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Isosters by Nucleophilic Reactions with N-Terminal Peptide Aldehydes on a Polar Support Tailored for Solid-Phase Organic Chemistry (1999)

A novel polar resin based on polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) serves as the support in a new concept for the solid-phase synthesis of peptide isosters under varied reaction conditions. An N-terminal peptide aldehyde is generated as a key intermediate on the solid phase (diagram) and further reactions yield various peptide isoster structures, which may potentially function as protease inhibitors.
Changes in Autoclaved Glucose (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChanges in Autoclaved GlucoseD. T. Englis and Donald J. HanahanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 1, 51–54Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01217a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01217a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views588Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of fine dynamic changes of corneal topography by use of interferometry (2002)

Paper presents results of in vivo measurements of dynamic variations of the corneal topography by use of the Twyman Green interferometer. Sequence of interferograms were recorded by the CCD camera and stored in the computer memory. Then the fringe tracking method was used separately to each interferogram giving the phase surface of the wave reflected from the cornea in the numerical form. Results from neighboring interferograms were subtracted giving new sequence of changes of the corneal topography within 40 ms. Obtained results show the complex space distribution of the corneal topography variations.
Temperature and Flux Scales for Heat-Flux Sensor Calibration (2003)

Methodologies for calibrating heat‐flux sensors designed for direct measurement of heat‐transfer at a surface are presented. These sensors, extensively used in fire‐test methods and aerospace applications, vary in range from a few kW/m2 to in excess of 500 kW/m2. Traceable source‐ and detector‐based techniques using blackbody radiation are described to cover the wide range of calibration. Calibration results on typical sensors from three blackbody facilities: 25 mm and 51 mm diameter heated graphite tubes and a 23 cm diameter spherical cavity, are presented. These results demonstrate the equivalence between the source‐ and detector‐based techniques in the range from 50 kW/m2 to 200 kW/m2, and also the superiority of detector‐based calibration when reflected radiation effects are important. The problems associated with extending the calibration techniques to high heat‐flux levels by inserting the sensor inside a blackbody cavity are also discussed.
Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in a 9-Year-Old Child (2006)

Questions 1.What are this patient's most striking clinical and laboratory findings?2. How do you explain these findings?3. What is the differential diagnosis and how can this patient's clinical and laboratory findings be used to differentiate between these diagnoses?4. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis? 5.Under what conditions should this patient's diagnosis be suspected?6.What is the epidemiology and basic defect in this patient's disease? 7. What is the molecular pathogenesis of this patient's disease?8. What is the medical therapy used in the treatment of this patient's condition?9. What other treatment modalities have been used in the treatment of this patient's condition?Possible Answers 1.The most striking clinical finding is a history of recurrent kidney stones in a child.Significant laboratory findings include: a normal urine (random and 24 hour) creatinine concentration; a urinalysis positive for leukocyte esterase, hemoglobin, and red blood cells (RBCs); the presence of clear hexagonal crystals on urine microscopic analysis (Image 2); and abnormally elevated urinary concentrations of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine (Table 1). 2.Leukocyte esterase activity in a urine specimen indicates the presence of neutrophil esterolytic activity.Therefore, a positive urine leukocyte esterase test indicates the presence of a significant number of intact or lysed neutrophils associated typically with a urinary tract infection.In a patient with recurrent kidney stones, this may be due to stasis-associated ascending infection or to a localized mucosal inflammatory response secondary to calculous formation. 1Under high power microscopy, unstained RBCs in the urine are normally found in small numbers [0-2 cells/high power field (hpf )].More than 3 cells/hpf, as found in this case, is considered abnormal and can be the result of calculi formation. 1Urine amino acid testing is often performed to screen for congenital abnormalities of amino acid metabolism. 3.Four disease entities that exhibit abnormal transport of the cationic amino acids (ie, cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine) found in our patient's urine include: (1) classic cystinuria, (2) lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), (3) hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 1, and (4) isolated lysinuria (lysine malabsorption syndrome). 2,3The symptoms of LPI and hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 1 include vomiting and diarrhea after weaning. 4,5The hyperammonemia associated with protein ingestion leads to avoidance of high protein foods after which a host of Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in a 9-Year-Old Child