gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of recent NMR techniques for the study of new antibiotics. (1985)

Structural study of neopeptins, inhibitors of fungal cell wall biosynthesis, was accomplished by chemical and spectroscopic evidences. In order to determine the structure of unusual amino acid residue (3-amino-2-oxazetidine-4-carboxylic acid), recent NMR techniques such as WEFT method and homoscalar correlated 2 D 1H NMR (COSY) were applied, which also afforded information concerning conformation of the molecule.Biosynthesis of polyether ionophore antibiotic, cationomycin, was investigated by feeding of 13C-labeled precursors. Unambiguous assignment of 13C NMR of cationomycin labeled with 13C-labeled acetate was made by double quantum coherence (1 D INADEQUATE) and homoscalar correlated 2D 13C NMR (13C-13C COSY, 13C-13C SECSY).
Investigation of chemical effects in lithography (2016)

It is well known that patterning materials are sensitive to many factors that determine lithography performance. For example, when the same resist is used with various underlayers optimized to the same optical distribution, the different underlayers can produce totally different outcomes. In addition to possible chemical effects (diffusion, acid/quencher interaction, etc.), molecular forces could help explain the entire phenomenon if a pattern profile is built up incorporating fluid dynamics simulation. Because current simulation tools do not take into account the molecular forces, comparing experimental data to simulation results can help isolate the effects of such forces. In this work, a full physics model of the PROLITH™ simulation tool was used to run simulations and to fit experimental lithography data. Experimental data were obtained from KrF contact holes patterned using two different underlayer materials. From this comparison, we can postulate that controlling molecular forces, such as surface tension, can help improve lithography performance beyond what simulation predicts. This approach allows for a potentially wider critical dimension (CD) process window by deviating from traditional lithography modeling. As patterning processes are developed to produce increasingly smaller feature sizes, molecular forces will have a greater effect on optical imaging and should be given more attention.
Effects of Nonpharmacological Interventions for Dizziness in Older People: Systematic Review (2015)

There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological treatments for dizziness in older people. Current evidence is hampered by a high risk of bias, and well-designed trials with adequate masking, randomization, and adherence are needed.
Paracrine/endocrine mechanism of stem cells on kidney repair: role of microvesicle-mediated transfer of genetic information (2009)

Transfer of genetic information from injured cells may explain stem cell functional and phenotypic changes without the need for transdifferentiation into tissue cells. On the contrary, transfer of genetic information from stem cells may redirect altered functions in target cells suggesting that stem cells may repair damaged tissues without directly replacing parenchymal cells.
Synthesis, Structures and Luminescent Properties of σ‐Alkynyl Complexes of Orthomercuriated Schiff Bases (2004)

Abstract A novel series of σ‐alkynyl complexes of orthomercuriated Schiff bases of substituted benzylideneanilines and anthracenylmethyleneanilines were synthesised in good yields by alkynylation of the mercuric chlorides of the appropriate Schiff bases with terminal alkynes RC≡CH (R = Ph, ferrocenyl, p ‐ferrocenylphenyl) at room temperature in a basic medium. All the new compounds generally displayed good solubility in polar organic solvents and their identities were completely elucidated by various spectroscopic methods. The X‐ray crystal structures of these acetylide‐functionalised compounds represent the first structurally characterised examples of such alkynylmercury( II ) complexes and confirmed that the alkynylmercury( II ) moiety is directed to the ortho position of the N ‐phenyl ring of the Schiff bases. In one instance, the crystal structure reveals that a loose 1D polymeric aggregate is formed for the first time through a combination of weak intermolecular Hg ··· Hg and Hg ··· η 2 ‐C≡C interactions to afford an infinite zigzag chain of Hg atoms supported by acetylide linkages. All the complexes in this study were found to exhibit rich luminescence and solution redox behaviour and correlation of these data with the theoretical calculations by the density functional theory was made. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Divergent regulation of sense and antisense erythropoietin receptor transcripts (asEPOR) in obesity‐associated diabetes mellitus (2012)

Paracrine/endocrine EPO-EPOR signaling promotes angiogenesis, cytoprotection and injury-repair. Bi-directional EPOR transcription produces abundant asEPOR containing putative open reading frames (e.g., ORF1 and 2). We previously reported non-developmentally up-regulated asEPOR expression in lungs undergoing compensatory growth and angiogenesis (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:7612–7). To examine if EPO-EPOR axis and asEPOR also respond to chronic lung injury-repair, we measured EPO and EPOR mRNA, and asEPOR ORF1 and ORF2, normalized to cyclophilin, in the lungs of leptin-insensitive ZDF fa/fa rats that develop obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and exhibit age-related abnormalities in lung structure and function (Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010;298:L392-L403, J Appl Physiol 2010;109:1913–9) compared to lean non-diabetic (+/+) controls (ages 6, 12, 18, 36wk, n=3–7 each). Mean±SD. p≤0.05 * vs. +/+, † vs. 6 or 12wk, § vs. 36wk. In fa/fa lungs before onset of T2DM (age <12 wk), EPO and EPOR mRNA was ~34% of that in +/+ lungs while ORF2 was normal to modestly higher. After onset of T2DM, EPO and EPOR mRNA increased up to 3-fold to reach +/+ levels while ORF2 increased 14-fold above +/+ levels. ORF1 was unchanged with age or genotype. Results suggest divergent regulation of sense EPO-EPOR and ORF2 in the lungs exposed to chronic lipo-oxidative stress: EPO-EPOR mRNA expression is suppressed during postnatal maturation. T2DM onset is associated with catch-up EPO-EPOR expression and marked progressive ORF2 up-regulation. Support: NIH NCI R21 CA152977, NHLBI RO1 HL40070
ChemInform Abstract: Answer to the SPIRO versus ANSA Dilemma in Cyclophosphazenes. Part 7. Neither SPIRO nor ANSA: the BINOdicyclotriphosphazenes. N<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>5</sub>(HN‐(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>‐NH)Cl<sub>5</sub>P<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>. (1986)

Abstract Die stöchiometrischen Umsetzungen von Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazen mit den entsprechenden α,ω‐Diaminen in Ether in Gegenwart von Triethylamin ergeben, bedingt durch die Länge der (CH 2 ) n ‐Kette, die Titelverbindungen (I), die säulenchromatographisch isoliert werden.
A review of: “Gas Separation Technology” (1991)

Abstract Abstract E.F. Vansant and R. Dewolfs, Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990; (Process Technology Proceedings, 8), hard bound, 700 pages, $233.00
Clustering of High Molecular Weight PCDTBT in Bulk-Heterojunction Casting Solutions (2015)

The narrow optical gap conjugated polymer poly[N-9″-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) has been used as the electron donor material in efficient solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic and photodetector devices when blended with fullerene derivatives. It was found that the solution viscosity used to form the active films could be controlled by the cooling rate of a hot solution of the materials and that fast-cooled solutions afforded more efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells than their slow-cooled counterparts. Viscometry measurements showed that the rheological behavior of the solutions is modeled by the Martin equation for different PCDTBT molecular weights and temperatures. The Martin constant KM that describes the interpolymer interactions in solution was found to increase with polymer molecular weight and decrease with increasing temperature in an analogous manner to the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to show that when hot solutions of the polymer were cooled, phase separation into polymer-rich clusters and solvent-rich domains occurred. Similar phase separation was observed in the case of blend solutions. In addition, the fast-cooled solutions trapped more 70-PCBM in the polymer-rich phase, which in turn made the structure of the polymer more rodlike in the clusters. The results provide an explanation as to why fast-cooled solutions lead to devices with greater efficiency.
Epithelial erosions caused by thin high water content lenses (1986)

The occurrence of discrete epithelial erosions with very thin high water content hydrogel lenses is discussed. These multiple, small, coalescing, epithelial erosions develop centrally and superiorly after a few hours of lens wear. It is postulated that the erosions result from on-eye lens dehydration, which causes epithelial desiccation.
Timber harvesting, silviculture, and forest management: an axe does not a forester make (2011)

Silviculture and forest management are cores of the forestry profession. They are the sustainable way to plan and to conduct activities in a forest to control natality (birth), growth and development, and mortality (death) of trees and forest ecosystems to produce desired services and values (e.g., wood products, wildlife habitat, quality water, recreational experience). Forests are more than trees, and forestry additionally attends to other related forest elements and processes – but forestry (silviculture and forest management together) focuses on managing tree communities to create forests that satisfy societal needs.
Quality & safety in the literature: May 2019 (2019)

The term ‘value-based purchasing’ describes programmes implemented by healthcare payers that require a modification of payment for medical care services based on the quality and safety of the care delivered. The overall goal of these programmes is to motivate improved outcomes for patients while also reducing healthcare spending. There has been a recent rapid introduction of value-based purchasing programmes in the USA1 and the UK2–4 in response to growing healthcare costs, increasing recognition of healthcare-associated complication frequency and morbidity and variation in quality and cost of healthcare delivery.5 6 Earlier versions of these programmes involved voluntary participation of facilities competing for additional incentive payments (the proverbial ‘carrot’). More recent versions have evolved to include mandatory participation, requiring data collection and public reporting of various metrics, with the motivating incentive being to avoid the ‘stick’ of substantial reductions in payment and public reputation shaming for poor quality of care.

Value-based purchasing programmes are now common across all healthcare settings, from acute care in hospitals to post-acute care in facilities and at home. These programmes impact all ages of patients, and performance can be assessed and penalised at the level of the facility and/or individual physicians. Programmes have grown in scale through mandatory participation and increasing size of potential financial penalty, and several programmes impact Medicare beneficiaries in the USA.1 With this growth, they now function as large-scale interventions with potential for both positive and negative impacts for patients and healthcare providers. Unlike most other interventions reported in peer-reviewed journals, these value-based purchasing interventions are more commonly developed and implemented without undergoing the same types of institutional review board oversight, piloting and adverse event tracking that other clinical interventions would undergo before large-scale implementation. Instead, they are developed with input from legislature and its consultants as well as …
Profile-guided Java program partitioning for power aware computing (2004)

Summary form only given. In embedded devices, like PDAs, limited battery power presents a bottleneck while running power-hungry applications. Hence, it is important for such applications to be energy aware. Consider a scenario where the embedded device is wirelessly linked to a tethered server and can exploit the computing cycles in it. This presents an opportunity to execute parts of an application remotely and reduce computing energy on the embedded device. However, such a scheme is limited by the transmission energy needed in transferring program parts to be executed remotely. We present a fast profile-guided partitioning algorithm that can choose the program parts that can be executed remotely and save energy on the embedded device. We argue that the partitioning might have to be done on the client device more than once and hence the need for a efficient algorithm. We have chosen Java programs in particular because of their widespread use in embedded applications. Experiments show that our approach can conserve energy in embedded devices from 29% to 43%.
Prostaglandin-generating factor of anaphylaxis. II. Characterization of activity. (1982)

Anaphylaxis of lung tissue leads to the generation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. A portion of the prostaglandin generation is due to a unique oligopeptide termed "prostaglandin-generating factor of anaphylaxis (PGF-A)," which is generated during anaphylaxis. The activity of PGF-A on human and guinea pig lung was characterized: peak PG formation occurs within 5 to 10 min of the addition of PGF-A, calcium but not magnesium is required for PGF-A activity, and both physiologic pH and temperature are necessary for optimal activity. Human and guinea pig airway and parenchymal (lung) responses to PGF-A were similar (predominantely PGF2 alpha) but were not identical to each other (guinea pig parenchyma produces thromboxane as well). PGF-A is, thus, a novel, potent mediator generated during anaphylaxis of lung tissue that may contribute to the spectrum of tissue responses seen in allergic reactions.
Analysis of the sympathetic tripping problem for networks with high penetrations of Distributed Generation (2011)

The amount of Distributed Generation (DG - often from renewable energy sources) connected to the UK power system is increasing. This increase has the potential to affect the reliability of protection system operation (a number of instances of protection maloperation have already been experienced [1]). Issues associated with protection that have previously been considered in the literature include: blinding of protection, false tripping (sympathetic tripping), increased or decreased grid infeed levels, unwanted islanding and failure of auto-reclosers [2, 3]. The main focus of this paper is the protection cascade tripping effect caused by sympathetic undervoltage tripping of DG interface protection for network faults at the distribution level. This paper aims to comprehensively investigate and quantify the conditions at which sympathetic undervoltage tripping occurs.
Solubility of Organic Compounds in Rubber (1932)

Abstract While a few methods for solubility determination in rubber have been available, they are somewhat difficult and susceptible to large errors. A new method has been developed which has the advantage of being simple, rapid, and accurate, and applicable to all solids soluble in rubber. The apparatus developed can be used for any problem where microscopic observation at elevated temperature will yield information. The results thus far obtained are of use in explaining the peculiarities of certain organic compounds when used with rubber. It is hoped that sufficient data may be obtained to establish accurately the solubility properties of entire classes of compounds as well as mixtures of several components. In addition to molecular weight determination, the method may yield further results of theoretical interest.
Holographic recording of superimposed gratings by angle multiplexing in photopolymers with light-induced changing of optical absorption (2005)

The results of theoretical investigation of recording superimposed holographic gratings of transmitted type in optical absorbent photopolymeric materials are presented in the report. We consider the case of serial record of superimposed holographic gratings with angle multiplexing. The influence of photopolymer material parameters on diffraction effectiveness of superimposed holographic gratings is investigated in the work. It shows that the change of optical absorbent photopolymeric material during record may strongly change integrated diffraction characteristics or the recorded holographic gratings.
Sub-pulsewidth coherent spectroscopy in the visible: MI-FROG diagnostics for ultrafast plasma physics (2003)

Summary form only given. The study of ultrafast laser-plasma interactions, made possible by sub-picosecond chirped pulse amplified solid-state laser systems enjoys the notable advantage of being decoupled from ion motion, which occur on multi-ps to ns time scales. Ultrafast optical-pulse probing of such plasmas, though, is still complicated by electron dynamics that exist on pulsewidth or shorter time scales. Particularly interesting areas of study, such as ultrafast ionization in gases, a potentially important source of high brightness high-harmonic radiation, and large amplitude longitudinal plasma oscillations, a candidate for future high-energy particle accelerators, inherently involve dynamics on the few femtosecond time scale. We have developed a combination of FROG with multi-pulse interferometry, termed multi-pulse interferometric FROG, or MI-FROG, which is uniquely suited for pump-probe coherent spectroscopy using amplified short-pulse systems and/or emissive targets. By using double-pulse probes in a FROG apparatus, all-order spectral phase sensitivity is achieved. As an example application of MI-FROG to the study of ultrafast laser-plasma interaction, we discuss recent measurements of ultrafast ionization in gases.
Improved performance of protein‐based recombinant gene therapy vehicles by tuning downstream procedures (2013)

Protein engineering offers a robust platform for the design and production in cell factories of a plethora of protein-based drugs, including nonviral gene therapy vehicles. We have determined here that a protein nanoparticle, formed by highly cationic protein monomers, fails to bind exogenous DNA and to promote detectable gene expression in target cells despite recruiting all the needed functions. Removal of DNA and RNA with nucleases previous to forming complexes with exogenous DNA dramatically enhances the ability of the protein to bind and transfer DNA to target cell nuclei. These data point out contaminant nucleic acids deriving from the cell factory as a major factor impairing the performance of protein-based artificial viruses and stress the need of a nuclease step in the downstream of proteins whose function is based on cationic domains.
Notes- Studies in Purine Chemistry. IV. Hypoxanthine-1-N-oxide (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Studies in Purine Chemistry. IV. Hypoxanthine-1-N-oxideEdward Taylor, C Cheng, and O VoglCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 12, 2019–2021Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online17 July 2003Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01094a603https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01094a603research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plant sterol or stanol esters retard lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice independent of changes in serum plant sterols (2006)

Statins do not always decrease coronary heart disease mortality, which was speculated based on increased serum plant sterols observed during statin treatment. To evaluate plant sterol atherogenicity, we fed low density lipoprotein-receptor deficient (LDLr(+/-)) mice for 35 weeks with Western diets (control) alone or enriched with atorvastatin or atorvastatin plus plant sterols or stanols. Atorvastatin decreased serum cholesterol by 22% and lesion area by 57%. Adding plant sterols or stanols to atorvastatin decreased serum cholesterol by 39% and 41%. Cholesterol-standardized serum plant sterol concentrations increased by 4- to 11-fold during sterol plus atorvastatin treatment versus stanol plus atorvastatin treatment. However, lesion size decreased similarly in the sterol plus atorvastatin (-99% vs. control) and the stanol plus atorvastatin (-98%) groups, with comparable serum cholesterol levels, suggesting that increased plant sterol concentrations are not atherogenic. Our second study confirms this conclusion. Compared with lesions after a 33 week atherogenic period, lesion size further increased in controls (+97%) during 12 more weeks on the diet, whereas 12 weeks with the addition of plant sterols or stanols decreased lesion size (66% and 64%). These findings indicate that in LDLr(+/-) mice 1) increased cholesterol-standardized serum plant sterol concentrations are not atherogenic, 2) adding plant sterols/stanols to atorvastatin further inhibits lesion formation, and 3) plant sterols/stanols inhibit the progression or even induce the regression of existing lesions.
Lung growth in rats subsequent to administration of intraperitoneal elastase during the first 4 weeks of life (1988)

Male rats received intraperitoneal injections of porcine pancreatic elastase twice weekly during the first 4 weeks of life. Saline-injected male rats served as controls. After a 4-week recovery period, the rats were sacrificed, and the excised lungs were studied using saline- and air-filled volume-pressure curves, morphology, and biochemistry. Both air- and saline-filled volume-pressure curves showed loss of elastic recoil in the elastase-treated animals. In elastase-treated animals the mean linear intercept was increased, the numbers of alveoli per unit area, per unit volume, and per lung decreased, and alveolar surface area decreased. These animals also showed a disproportionate increase of alveolar duct air at the expense of the proportion of alveolar air. Morphometric differences between the elastase-treated animals and the controls were somewhat smaller in this experiment than in a previous one in which the animals were sacrificed immediately after 4 weeks of intraperitoneal elastase. We attribute this difference to alveolar multiplication between 4 and 8 weeks of age. However, evidence is presented that these alveoli were abnormal. Loss of recoil properties was more evident after the 4-week recovery period than at the termination of elastase administration, suggesting that the newly formed alveoli were functionally abnormal. Collagen content was increased in the elastase group, but elastin was significantly decreased. This may be a good elastase model for assessing the hypothesis that lungs minimally damaged in infancy may have an increased susceptibility to environmental damage in later life.