gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disturbances of sleep perception in a group of multiple sclerosis patients: A case report (2010)

Abstract Sleep misperception, whether severe enough to qualify as paradoxical insomnia or not, is common in a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions. The objective was to assess sleep perception in a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. As part of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved trial designed to assess the efficacy of eszopiclone versus placebo in improving MS patients’ sleep continuity, we observed a pattern of both paradoxical and reverse paradoxical insomnia in a small number of participants. Eight participants (26.7%) had some degree of misperception at some point during the study. Six (20%) had reverse paradoxical insomnia and two (6.7%) had paradoxical insomnia. This is a preliminary observation that we hope will increase awareness of the condition of misperception of sleep in subjects with MS. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2010.00012.x, 2010)
Plasma and buccal mucosal cell response to short-term supplementation with all trans-β-carotene and lycopene in human volunteers (2003)

Despite interest in the health-beneficial role of carotenoids little is known about the specific storage metabolism and mechanisms involved in various target tissues. The aim of the study was to search for a relatively simple non-invasive method to detect and determine the cellular effects of supplemented dosage of beta-carotene and lycopene to peripheral tissues such as the buccal mucosa in relation to the plasma concentrations. Subjects (30) were allocated into five different subgroups of 6 volunteers. The change in concentration of all-trans-beta-carotene and lycopene in plasma and in buccal mucosal cells was measured in groups of volunteers supplemented with either 15 mg, 30 mg or placebo capsules in a randomised double blind study for a period of 7 days. With the exception of supervised high fat (40 g carotenoid free sunflower oil) breakfasts and capsule ingestion the volunteers ate their habitual diets. Plasma lycopene and beta-carotene concentrations were determined at baseline and following one week of capsule ingestion. In all the supplemented groups the plasma carotenoid levels were significantly higher than in the placebo group indicating absorption of the supplement. Carotenoid concentrations, expressed per unit protein, assayed in buccal mucosal cells before (at baseline) and at the end of the study were found to be significantly higher in the groups supplemented at 30 mg/d, of either carotenoid as compared to the 15 mg/d or placebo supplemented groups. We conclude that buccal mucosal cells respond readily to changes in plasma beta-carotene and lycopene concentration. These observations suggest that dietary carotenoids are quickly incorporated into rapidly turning over mucosal tissues. It is not clear if the change in carotenoid content of the plasma is reflected in existing cells or only in those concurrently produced during the elevated plasma concentration. If desquamated buccal mucosal cells reflect habitual plasma carotenoid concentration then it is not an appropriate tissue for the measurement of acute changes.
ChemInform Abstract: High Temperature Vapor Phase Reactions of Nitrogen Trifluoride with Benzylic Substrates. (2011)

Abstract The reaction of nitrogen trifluoride with benzylic substrates at 400°C in the vapor phase does not give the expected fluorinated products.
Organ Distribution of the Cytoplasmic 1,25- Dihydroxycholecalciferol Receptor in Various Mouse Tissues* (1980)

Cytosolic receptor-like binders for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] have been demonstrated in several mammalian tissues, including intestine, kidney, and bone. To establish which other organs in the body possess the receptor and thus to elucidate new potential target tissues of 1,25- (OH)2D3, we thought it of interest to examine numerous mammalian organs for specific 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor-like binders. Cytosols from 13 murine tissues were prepared using hypertonic buffer and were incubated for 3 h at 0 C with 1,25-(OH)2[3H]D3. When examined on 5–20% sucrose density gradients, cytosols from kidney, intestine, bone, skin, and mammary gland exhibited a 3.2S peak which was specific for 1,25-(OH)2D3 and presumably represents the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor. Brain, lung, thymus, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, diaphragm, uterus, and myocardium lacked a detectable 3.2S peak, but displayed varying amounts of an approximate 6S peak, presumably representing the binding of 1,25-(OH)2[3H]D3 to the ubiquitous 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 plasma-generated binder. Biochemical measurements of specific binding were employed using charcoal or hydroxylapatite techniques to separate bound from free steroids. Competitive binding studies showed those tissues with only the 6S binder to have preferential binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and those tissues possessing a 3.2S peak to have preferential binding of 1,25- (OH)2D3. Scatchard analyses of kidney, bone, skin, and intestinal cytosols revealed a single class of noninteracting binding sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 0.2 nM for each tissue. Our findings correlate with published data on the tissue distribution of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. In summary, we have demonstrated the absence of a specific 1,25-(OH)2D3 3.2S receptor-like macromolecule in a variety of mammalian organs. Furthermore, in addition to the previously known organs ie, intestine, bone, and kidney, we have elucidated two new potential 1,25-(OH)2D3 target organs, skin and mammary gland. The binder has an identical sedimentation constant and Kd in each tissue, suggesting that the receptor is the same in every tissue in which it is present.
Conductive paths through polycrystalline BaTiO3: Scanning probe microscopy study (2016)

The microstructural features determining the leakage current through polycrystalline BaTiO3 films are investigated using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. Grain boundaries are found to be the dominant conductive paths compared to the conduction through the grains. Grain boundary currents are observed to reversibly rise with the increase of the applied DC voltages, indicating that the current is controlled by a field-activated charge transport process.
Automatic Construction of Verification Generators from Hoare Logics (1983)

A method for mechanically constructing verification condition generators from a useful class of Hoare logics is defined. Any verification condition generator constructed is shown to be sound and deduction complete with respect to the associated Hoare logic. The method was implemented.
Functionalization of the Polymeric Surface with Bioceramic Nanoparticles via a Novel, Nonthermal Dip Coating Method (2016)

The only nonthermal method of depositing a bioceramic-based coating on polymeric substrates is by incubation in liquid, e.g., simulated body fluid to form an apatite-like layer. The drawbacks of this method include the long processing time, the production of low scratch resistant coating, and an end product that does not resemble the intended bioceramic composition. Techniques, such as plasma spraying and magnetron sputtering, involving high processing temperature are unsuitable for polymers, e.g., PMMA. Here, we introduce a nonthermal coating method to immobilize hydroxyapatite (HAp) and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on PMMA via a simple and fast dip coating method. Cavities that formed on the PMMA, induced by chloroform, appeared to trap the nanoparticles which accumulated to form layers of bioceramic coating only after 60 s. The resulting coating was hydrophilic and highly resistant to delamination. In the context of our research and to address the current clinical need, we demonstrate that the HAp-coated PMMA, which is intended to be used as a visual optic of a corneal prosthetic device, improves its bonding and biointegration with collagen, the main component of a corneal stroma. The HAp-coated PMMA resulted in better adhesion with the collagen than untreated PMMA in artificial tear fluid over 28 days. Human corneal stromal fibroblasts showed better attachment, viability, and proliferation rate on the HAp-coated PMMA than on untreated PMMA. This coating method is an innovative solution to immobilize various bioceramic nanoparticles on polymers and may be used in other biomedical implants.
DEPOSITIm OF BIBE QUA&ITY A-(SIaOE) :E FILMS AB?D HOVEL GRADED GAP DBVICBB USING RF TRIODE GLOW DISCBAROE DEPOSITION (1993)

We report on the deposition of high quality, reproducible a(Si,Ge) :H films and devices using a low-pressure RF triode glow discharge. We also report on the fabrication of devices in these materials using a novel bandgap grading scheme. The devices were fabricated on tin oxide substrates and required the development of an appropriate new buff er layer.
Methylenecyclopropane (2012)

[6142-73-0] C4H6 (MW 54.10) InChI = 1S/C4H6/c1-4-2-3-4/h1-3H2 InChIKey = XSGHLZBESSREDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (four-carbon building block useful for thermal, photochemical, and transition metal-mediated cycloadditions;1 epoxidation and rearrangement yields cyclobutanone;2 can be metalated3 or transformed to 2,4-dilithio-1-butene4) Physical Data: bp 11 °C; d 0.85 g cm−3. Solubility: sol most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid. Preparative Method: readily prepared by treatment of 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene with sodium t-butoxide (eq 1).2 (1)
Inhibition of thymidine kinase from Walker 256 carcinoma by thymidine analogs (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of thymidine kinase from Walker 256 carcinoma by thymidine analogsJohn P. Neenan and Wolfgang RohdeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 5, 580–581Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00263a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00263a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Echinocandins and pneumocandins--a new antifungal class with a novel mode of action (1997)

Cilofungin was the first clinically applied compound of its class, the echinocandins and it is a real pity that an antimicrobial with such a striking name should fail to make it through clinical development. Echinocandin B was isolated from an Aspergillus sp. culture in 1974. It was chemically modified to yield cilofungin in the 1980s and LY303,366 (Lilly) in the 1990s. In 1989 researchers at Merck isolated a closely related group of compounds from the fermentation broths of Zalerion arbicola which they named pneumocandins. With some structural alterations they have now developed the clinical candidate L-743,872. LY303,366 and L-743,872 are both reasonably likely to be introduced successfully into clinical practice. Both compounds are echinocandins but the distinctive term pneumocandins serves to indicate in the name two of the major pathogens against which these agents are active, namely Pneumocystis carinii and Candida spp.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. 671. An alternative total synthesis of yohimbine. (1976)

Birch reduction of 16-carboxy-15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20-hexadehydro-17-methoxyyohimbane (XII), followed by esterification with diazomethane, gave 15, 17, 18, 20-tetradehydro-17-meth-oxy-16-methoxycarbonylyohimbane (XIII), which was converted into 15, 16-dehydroyohimbinone (II). This was correlated with yohimbine (IV) by the present authors.
Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranoside dihydrate and methyl 2-formamido-2-deoxy-β-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranoside (2011)

Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-GlcNAcOCH(3)), (I), crystallizes from water as a dihydrate, C(9)H(17)NO(6)·H(2)O, containing two independent molecules [denoted (IA) and (IB)] in the asymmetric unit, whereas the crystal structure of methyl 2-formamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-GlcNFmOCH(3)), (II), C(8)H(15)NO(6), also obtained from water, is devoid of solvent water molecules. The two molecules of (I) assume distorted (4)C(1) chair conformations. Values of φ for (IA) and (IB) indicate ring distortions towards B(C2,C5) and (C3,O5)B, respectively. By comparison, (II) shows considerably more ring distortion than molecules (IA) and (IB), despite the less bulky N-acyl side chain. Distortion towards B(C2,C5) was observed for (II), similar to the findings for (IA). The amide bond conformation in each of (IA), (IB) and (II) is trans, and the conformation about the C-N bond is anti (C-H is approximately anti to N-H), although the conformation about the latter bond within this group varies by ~16°. The conformation of the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group was found to be gt in each of (IA), (IB) and (II). Comparison of the X-ray structures of (I) and (II) with those of other GlcNAc mono- and disaccharides shows that GlcNAc aldohexopyranosyl rings can be distorted over a wide range of geometries in the solid state.
An automated method for time-series human settlement mapping using Landsat data and existing land cover maps (2016)

Automation of satellite-based human settlement mapping is highly needed to utilize historical archives of satellite data for urgent issues of urban development in global scale. We developed an automated algorithm to detect human settlement from Landsat satellite data. A machine learning algorithm, Local and Global Consistency (LLGC), was applied with improvements for remote sensing data. The algorithm enables to use existing coarse-resolution land cover maps as a training dataset so that any manual process is not required for preparation of training data. In addition, for better robustness against uncertainty in satellite data, we proposed a method to combine several LLGC results for several dates in a certain period from a target date into a single human settlement map with a pixel-based median composition among the input LLGC results. Combination of the methods enabled to develop timeseries human settlement maps using Landsat data, single ones of which could be affected by cloud contaminations. We applied the algorithm to Landsat data of 838 WRS2 tiles for cities with more than one million people worldwide for 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010. MCD12Q1, a MODIS-based global land cover map with 500-m resolution, was used as training data. Visual assessment of the results suggested next steps for improvement of the method.
Excitation of Bloch oscillations in a lateral semiconductor superlattice under the influence of electromagnetic pulses (2004)

The conversion of the carrier frequency of electromagnetic pulses in lateral semiconductor superlattices, associated with the excitation of Bloch oscillations in the superlattice, is studied theoretically. Conditions are found that are necessary for the observation of the radiation of a Bloch oscillator. The energy characteristics of the efficiency of frequency multiplication and the spectral distribution of the radiation transmitted through the superlattice are calculated. It is shown that low-frequency collisions of electrons do not suppress the excitation of Bloch oscillations, which can be observed under the interaction of the superlattice not only with a pulsed, but also with a continuous-wave signal.
Improving overall survival and overcoming adverse prognosis in the treatment of cytogenetically high-risk multiple myeloma (2012)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease with certain genetic features [e.g., t(4;14), del17p] associated with worse outcome. The introduction of thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib has dramatically improved the outlook for patients with MM, but their relative benefit (or harm) for different genetic patient subgroups remains unclear. Unfortunately, the small number of patients in each subgroup frequently limits the analysis of high-risk patients enrolled in clinical trials. Strategies that result in survival of high-risk genetic subgroups approximating that of patients lacking high-risk features are said to overcome the poor prognostic impact of these high-risk features. This outcome has been difficult to achieve, and studies in this regard have so far been limited by inadequate sample size. In contrast, strategies that compare the survival of high-risk genetic subgroups randomized to different treatment arms can identify approaches that improve survival. This type of analysis is clinically useful, even if the absolute gains do not improve outcomes to levels seen in patients without high-risk cytogenetics. Reviewing available data in high-risk MM from this perspective, it appears that bortezomib has frequently been associated with improved survival, whereas thalidomide maintenance has sometimes been associated with a shorter survival.
Numerical Calculations of Flow in Vertical Slot and its Application (1995)

Vertical slot is a kind of fishways, and it can be analyzed in horizontally two-dimensional scheme. Numerical analysis of flow in vertical slot fishway is conducted by using a k-e turbulence model, and the flow pattern and velocity distribution in a compartment between vertical slots are obtained. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data to confirm the method of calculation. Systematic calculation based on the present model will provide a discussion on design for favorable geometry of fishways of vertical-slot type.
Modulation of Mature Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Protein by the PDZ Domain Protein CAL (2004)

We have previously identified the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-interacting protein CAL and demonstrated that CAL modulates CFTR plasma membrane expression by retaining CFTR within the cell. Here, we report that in addition to regulating membrane expression, CAL also regulates the expression of mature CFTR. The co-expression of hemagglutinin-tagged or Myc-tagged CAL with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CFTR in COS-7 cells causes a dose-dependent reduction in mature GFP-CFTR, independent of its tags. Bafilomycin A1, a lysosomal proton pump inhibitor, increases mature GFP-CFTR, confirming previous reports of lysosomal degradation of mature CFTR. Importantly, bafilomycin A1 reverses CAL-mediated CFTR degradation. The proteasome inhibitor, MG132, on the other hand, does not reverse the effect of CAL. CAL has no effect on CFTR maturation, suggesting that it exerts its effects on mature CFTR. Co-expression of CAL enhances the degradation of CFTR. We showed previously that CAL reduces the half-life of CFTR at the cell surface. Here we show that expression of dominant-negative dynamin 2 K44A, a large GTPase inhibitor that is known to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle formation in the Golgi, increases cell surface CFTR as measured by surface biotinylation. More importantly, dynamin 2 K44A also restores cell surface CFTR in CAL-overexpressing cells and partially blocks the CAL-mediated degradation of mature CFTR. These data suggest a model in which CAL retains CFTR in the cell and targets CFTR for degradation.
Low-Temperature Magnetic Susceptibilities of Some Hydrated Formates of Cu++ and Mn++ (1963)

The magnetic susceptibilities of powdered specimens of Cu(HCO2)2·4H2O, Cu(HCO2)2·2H2O, and Mn(HCO2)2·2H2O have been measured by an audio-frequency mutual-inductance method between 1.3° and 4.2°K, and from 14° to 20°K. At hydrogen temperatures Cu(HCO2)2·2H2O and Mn(HCO2)2·2H2O exhibit Curie—Weiss behavior which, however, breaks down significantly in the helium region. The susceptibility of Cu(HCO2)2·4H2O rises to a pronounced peak at 16.8°K and is essentially constant below 4.2°K. The susceptibilities of single-crystal Cu(HCO2)2·4H2O were measured along the three monoclinic axes in the same temperature intervals. χc and χb show sharp maxima at 16.8°, and are much larger in magnitude than χa. The possibility of this salt becoming weakly ferromagnetic below 16.8°K is considered, as is the unusual indirect-exchange coupling of Cu++ moments via formate groups.
Rhus hirta Sudworth (2000)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/12251/thumbnail.jpg
Regioselective ring‐opening anionic polymerization of β‐lactones (1998)

Abstract New aspects of anionic polymerization of 4‐membered lactones are presented, attention being paid to regioselectivity of ß‐lactones ring‐opening reactions. It has been demonstrated that supramolecular complexes of alkali metal alkoxides used as initiators enable control of lactones polymerization, and due to anion activation yield polymers with specific molecular architecture. Synthesis of the analogue of natural polymer poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) via anionic polymerization of ß‐butyrolactone is discussed.
A century of guayule: Comprehensive Genetic Characterization of the Guayule ( <i>Parthenium argentatum</i> A. Gray) USDA Germplasm Collection (2017)

Abstract The fragility of a single-source, geographically concentrated supply of natural rubber, a critical material of the modern economy, has brought guayule ( Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) to the forefront as an alternative source of natural rubber. The improvement of guayule for commercial-scale production has been limited by the lack of genomic tools and well-characterized genetic resources required for genomics-assisted breeding. To address this issue, we developed nearly 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers and genotyped 69 accessions of guayule and its sister taxa mariola ( Parthenium incanum Kunth), representing the entire available NALPGRU germplasm collection. We identified multiple interspecific hybrid accessions previously considered guayule, including six guayule-mariola hybrids and non-mariola interspecific hybrid accessions AZ-2 and AZ-3, two commonly used high-yielding cultivars. We dissected genetic diversity within the collection to identify a highly diverse subset of guayule accessions, and showed that wild guayule stands in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA have the potential to provide hitherto untapped guayule genetic diversity. Together, these results provide the most thorough genetic characterization of guayule germplasm to date and lay the foundation for rapid genetic improvement of commercial guayule germplasm. Key Results Six guayule accessions are guayule-mariola hybrids Guayule collections from Big Bend National Park contain novel guayule genotypes not present in collections from Mexico Commonly cultivated accessions AZ2 and AZ3 contain introgressions from other Parthenium species The triploid accessions 11591, 11646, N576, N565, N565II, and RICHARDSON are generally indistinguishable from each other with respect to genetic background and likely represent the 4265-I source genotype (Johnson, 1950) Open pollinated and purposefully outcrossed tetraploid selections derived from 4265-I incorporate further genetic diversity and form distinct genotypes