gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of Volatile Removal Efficiency of Particle Number Measurement Systems (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph"> Euro 5/6 light-duty vehicle emissions regulation introduced non-volatile particle number emission measurements. The particle number measurement system consists of a volatile removal unit followed by a particle number counter with a 50% cut-point diameter at 23 nm. The volatile removal unit must achieve a &gt;99% concentration reduction of a monodisperse aerosol of tetracontane (CH <sub>3</sub> (CH <sub>2</sub> ) <sub>38</sub> CH <sub>3</sub> ) particles of diameter ≥30 nm with inlet concentration ≥10 <sup>4</sup> cm <sup>−3</sup> . </div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper the evaporation of tetracontane particles in the volatile removal unit is investigated theoretically. The temperature and the residence time in the evaporation tube are discussed, as well as the possibility of nucleation events of evaporated particles at the exit of the evaporation tube. In addition, sulfuric acid nucleation at the evaporation tube exit is analyzed. Theoretical calculations are, finally, compared to experimental data.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Our main conclusion is that the volatile removal efficiency requirements of the legislation can be easily met. However, as some experimental measurements showed, the removal efficiency might differ for large particle sizes and high concentrations; thus, the results of particle number counters with a 50% cut-point diameter less than 23 nm should be interpreted with care.</div></div>
Aging Drivers: A Need For Developing Advanced Driver Workload Measurements (2009)

Changing demographics coupled with an increasing presence of in-vehicle infotainment systems, vehicle telemetry, and vehicle automation are poised to present a number of unique challenges to automotive safety: It is well documented that older drivers suffer from a host of limitations from reduced functionality to increased medical impairment. Self-regulation is a key behavior observed among this cohort, making them largely safe drivers. Changing expectations regarding independence and relative health in the aging boomer segment of the population may impact this pattern. Driver distractions have been around since the dawn of the automobile. Technologies such as cellular phones and navigation systems, however, present drivers with increasing levels of both overt and covert demands. As information connectivity continues to increase, further impacts on safety are likely. Assistive systems such as power steering and automatic transmissions have made the activity of driving an automobile physically easier. New features such as collisions mitigation, assistive cruise control and lane keeping assistance will continue to draw functionality away from the driver through increased automation. If successfully implemented, these features will fundamentally alter the attentional demands of driving an automobile. Advanced driver workload management will be an important feature in managing these changing demands. Keywords: Driver distraction;
Multi-Layered Dynamic Background Buffering for Effective Free Viewpoint Video Synthesizing (2004)

Reference images with their depth maps are often used as materials for free viewpoint images. However, occlusion can degrade the quality of the output images. To solve this problem, we developed an effective synthesizing method using multi-layered background buffers that increases the quality of free viewpoint images. Since the buffers are created and updated dynamically without additional information such as separate background images, the method is applicable to conventional materials. The effectiveness of the proposed method was shown by several simulation experiments.
Singulärwertzerlegung (SVD) als Methode zur Quantifizierung von magnetokardiografischen Veränderungen bei verschiedenen Herzerkrankungen (1996)

Article Singulärwertzerlegung (SVD) als Methode zur Quantifizierung von magnetokardiografischen Veränderungen bei verschiedenen Herzerkrankungen was published on January 1, 1996 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 41, issue s1).
Effects of a Calcimimetic Compound and Naturally Activating Mutations on the Human Ca<sup>2+</sup>Receptor and on Ca<sup>2+</sup>Receptor/Metabotropic Glutamate Chimeric Receptors (2000)

Naturally occurring mutations identified in subjects with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) and the calcimimetic compound, R-568, have both been reported to increase Ca2+ sensitivity of the Ca2+ receptor (CaR). To gain insight into their mechanism of action, we studied interactions between four different ADH mutations located in the amino-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) and R-568. We found that R-568 increased the sensitivity of three of the ADH mutant receptors, but the Leu125Pro mutant appeared to be maximally left-shifted in that neither R-568 addition nor combining other ADH mutations with Leu125Pro gave increases in sensitivity comparable to those seen with the three other ADH mutations studied. We also made use of truncation and deletion mutants of the CaR and CaR/metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) chimeras to study both the site of action of R-568 and the effect of the Leu125Pro activating mutation. R-568 was effective in receptor constructs containing the seven transmembrane domain (7TM) of the CaR, but not in those containing the mGluR1 7TM. R-568, moreover, imparted Ca2+ responsiveness to CaR constructs lacking all or part of the CaR ECD. The Leu125Pro mutation in contrast conferred no or minimal increase in Ca2+ responsiveness to CaR constructs lacking part of the CaR ECD but showed a striking increase in basal activity in the context of chimeras containing an mGluR1 7TM. Our results localize the site of action of NPS-568 specifically to the CaR 7TM. Our results with the Leu125Pro mutant, furthermore, suggest that the mGluR1 7TM domain may be more permissive for activation than the 7TM domain of the CaR.
Duration and magnitude of nerve growth factor signaling depend on the ratio of p75LNTR to TrkA (1998)

The role of the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75LNTR in neurotrophin signal transduction remains open. Recent reports show that this receptor generates intracellular signals independent of Trk activity, and others imply that it collaborates with Trk(s) to enhance cellular responses to low neurotrophin concentrations. We have used the Cytosensor microphysiometer as a direct marker of intracellular metabolic activity to address the physiologic role of p75LNTR in nerve growth factor (NGF) signal transduction. NGF treatment of PC12 or TrkA-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells results in a rapid, transient increase in the extracellular acidification rate as measured by the Cytosensor; in both cell types, p75LNTR enhances this response. p75LNTR affects both the magnitude of and the duration of the extracellular acidification response to NGF. Moreover, it is not merely the presence of p75LNTR, but also the ratio of p75LNTR:TrkA which determines cellular responsiveness to NGF. In transiently transfected CHO cells, a 5:1 ratio of p75LNTR:trkA cDNAs produced the greatest change in NGF-induced acid secretion. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with anti-p75LNTR antibodies decreased the responsiveness to NGF. However, long-term NGF exposure to PC12 cells in which p75LNTR expression was decreased to approximately 10% of wild-type levels showed a longer duration of acid secretion compared to wild-type PC12 cells. Together, these data suggest that p75LNTR may play a dual role in modulating NGF signal transduction by enhancing and extending cellular responses to short-term ligand exposures while attenuating the metabolic response to long-term ligand exposures. With regard to potential Trk-independent p75LNTR signal transduction mechanisms, we detected no change in extracellular acidification response in 75LNTR-transfected CHO cells, PCNA-15 fibroblasts, or Schwann cells, all of which express large amounts of p75LNTR and no Trk. Thus, p75LNTR cannot produce any signal detected by microphysiometry in the absence of TrkA.
Higher Pre-Transplant IL-2 Levels Correlate with Higher Incidence of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2019)

diagnosis to initiation of second-line therapy was 60 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 33121). 75% of patients with SR cGVHD used 4 lines of therapy over the period of follow-up. SR cGVHD patients had significantly more office visits, outpatient consultations, emergency room visits, and inpatient admissions within both 360 and 720 days post-HSCT than patients with no GVHD (all P<0.001). In the first and second year post-HSCT, patients with SR cGVHD had a median 118 (year 1) and 58 (year 2) doctor/outpatient visits (no-GVHD patients: 51 and 10), median 2 (year 1) and 1 (year 2) hospitalizations (no-GVHD: 1 and 0) (Figure Median total 360-and 720-day post-HSCT all-cause costs and components of costs were all higher for patients with SR cGVHD vs those without GVHD (P<0.001, Figure Conclusion: Most patients with SR cGVHD received multiple lines of therapy and additionally used significantly more outpatient and inpatient resource through 2 years post-HSCT than those without GVHD. Improved prevention as well as early and effective treatment of cGVHD may substantially reduce their costs of care.
Identification of the FRAXE fragile site in two families ascertained for X linked mental retardation. (1993)

Chromosome fragility in two families not exhibiting amplification of the CGG trinucleotide associated with the fragile X site has been examined. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with cosmid DNA from loci immediately flanking FRAXA and other distal loci have confirmed that cytogenetic fragility in these subjects is the result of expression of a new folate sensitive fragile X site, FRAXE.
Observation of the conformation and structure of some liquid‐crystal polymers by small‐angle neutron scattering (1990)

Abstract The conformation of the backbone and the structure of the mesogenic groups of some liquidcrystal polymethacrylates and polysiloxanes were determined by small‐ and low‐angle scattering of neutrons. A strong magnetic field aligned the mesomorphic monodomains. For most samples and phases the polymer backbone adopts an oblate shape versus the mesogenic director. The observation of several diffuse spots together with Bragg peaks allows to propose models for the structure of these samples.
B215 Improvement of Heat Transfer by Radiation Catalyst : 1st Report, Highly Hydrophilic Condition of Oxide Semiconductor-coated Material (2001)

Improvement of CHF requires that the cooling liquid can contact the heating surface, or a high- wettability heating surface, even if a vapor bubble layer is generated on the surface. From this point of view, an experimental study to investigate surface wettability was performed by use of oxide semiconductor-coated materials under a γ ray irradiation environment. The results showed that the surface wettability changed significantly or that highly hydrophilic conditions were achieved, after 250kGy irradiation of ^<60>Co γ ray.
Synthesis of <i>N</i><sup>3</sup>,5‘-Cyclo-4-(β-<scp>d</scp>-ribofuranosyl)-<i>v</i><i>ic</i>-triazolo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridin-5-one, a Novel Compound with Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity (2004)

A novel anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agent, N(3),5'-cyclo-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-vic-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinin-5-one, was identified, and the structure was confirmed by chemical synthesis from 2-hydroxy-5-nitropyridine.
Ribosomal RNA Sequences of <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis</i> and <i>Ameson michaelis</i>: Phylogenetic Construction and Structural Correspondence (1994)

The microsporidian species Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Septata intestinalis and Ameson michaelis were compared by using sequence data of their rRNA gene segments, which were amplified by polymerized chain reaction and directly sequenced. The forward primer 530f (5'-GTGCCATCCAGCCGCGG-3') was in the small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) and the reverse primer 580r (5'-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3') was in the large subunit rRNA (LSU-rRNA). We have utilized these sequence data, the published data on Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem and our cloned SSU-rRNA genes from E. bieneusi and S. intestinalis to develop a phylogenetic tree for the microsporidia involved in human infection. The higher sequence similarities demonstrated between S. intestinalis and E. cuniculi support the placement of S. intestinalis in the family Encephalitozoonidae. This method of polymerized chain reaction rRNA phylogeny allows the establishment of phylogenetic relationships on limiting material where culture and electron microscopy are difficult or impossible and can be applied to archival material to expand the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the phylum Microspora. In addition, the highly variable region (E. coli numbering 590-650) and intergenic spacer regions in the microsporidia were noted to have structural correspondence, suggesting the possibility that they are coevolving.
Channel assignment with transmission power optimization method for high throughput in multi-access point WLAN (2015)

The use of multiple channels often increases the capacity of a wireless network, especially, if those channels are orthogonal. However, the challenge lies when we have more nodes than the available orthogonal channels. The 802.11n, 2.4 GHz WLAN has 3 orthogonal channels and 8 partially overlapping channels. These numbers of orthogonal channels put a limitation on the channel usage in a network and thus affect the overall network capacity. To overcome this degradation of network capacity with such limited channel scenario, we must focus on the transmission power of these nodes. In this paper, we describe a smart algorithm with realistic formulation, which divides the complex channel assignment and power optimization problem into two separate solution sets. First solution set solves the channel assignment problem in access points of the 802.11 infrastructure based network utilizing both orthogonal and overlapping channels and the second solution set improves the throughput of the network by optimizing the transmission power of these nodes. We selected optimal channel and transmission power assignment using the algorithm, and then ran simulations on a set of multi-AP WLAN. Experimental results show an improvement of approximately 14% in the throughput of infrastructure based 802.11n WLAN compared to previous work.
Influence of GeSi interfacial layer on Ge–Ge optical phonon mode in SiO2 films embedded with Ge nanocrystals (2009)

The Ge–Ge optical phonon peak at 300 cm−1 acquired from amorphous SiO2 films embedded with Ge nanocrystals by Raman scattering is sensitive to the Si content. When the Si concentration is high, a thin GeSi interfacial layer forms around the Ge nanocrystals. A tensile stress is produced to partially offset the compressive stress imposed by the SiO2 matrix on the Ge nanocrystals, consequently downshifting the frequency of the optical phonon and increasing its linewidth. Theoretical calculation based on phonon confinement and compressive effects discloses that the interfacial layer plays a crucial role in the optical phonon behavior.
Development of all-solid-state coherent 589 nm light source: toward the realization of sodium lidar and laser guide star adaptive optics (2006)

We report an all-solid-state coherent 589 nm light source in single-pass sum-frequency generation (SFG) with actively mode-locked Nd:YAG lasers for the realization of sodium lidar and laser guide star adaptive optics. The Nd:YAG lasers are constructed as a LD-side-pumped configuration and are operated at 1064 and 1319 nm for 589 nm light generation in SFG. Output powers of 16.5 and 5.3 W at 1064 and 1319 nm are obtained with two pumping chambers. Each chamber consisted of three 80-W-LD arrays. Single transverse mode TEM<sub>00</sub>; M<sup>2</sup> ~1.1 is achieved with adjustment of cavity length considering thermal lens effect with increase of input LD power. The cavity length is set to approximately 1 m. Accordingly the mode-locked lasers are operated at a repetition rate of approximately 150 MHz. Synchronization of two pulse trains at 1064 and 1319 nm is accomplished by control of phase difference between two radio frequencies input in acousto-optic mode-lockers. Then temporal delay is controlled with a resolution of 37 ps/degree. Pump beams are mixed in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPSLT) without an antireflection coating. The effective aperture and length of the crystal are 0.5 × 2 mm<sup>2</sup> and 15 mm. When input intensity is set at 5.6 MW/cm , an average output power of 4.6 W is obtained at 589.159 nm. Precise tuning to the sodium D<sub>2</sub> line is accomplished by thermal control of etalons set in the Nd:YAG lasers. The output power at 589.159 nm is stably maintained within ±1.2% for 8 hours.
Non-destructive testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics with a full polarimetric imaging system (2014)

A full polarimetric imaging system for the nondestructive testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics in the W-Band (75 GHz to 110 GHz) is presented. It is capable of detecting defects in depths of up to 14.5mm, and 0.5mm near the backside of the samples. The full polarimtric information eases the defect detection, since it is not sensitive for the reflection from the backside.
Positive and negative regulatory elements are involved in transcriptional control of the rat glucokinase gene in the insulin producing cell line HIT M2.2.2 (1994)

Nested deletion mutants of the 5' flanking region of the beta-cell transcription unit of the rat glucokinase gene (r beta GK) were fused to the CAT-reporter gene. Transient expression studies in HIT M2.2.2 and BHK21 cells revealed a distal (upstream of -359) and a proximal promoter region (between -278/-49) harbouring positive and negative regulatory elements. DNaseI footprinting revealed three protected areas between nucleotides -190 and -60. DNA-elements playing a crucial role in transcriptional control of the insulin genes (IEB- and CT-motifs) have been detected within the proximal promoter region and contribute to beta-cell specific gene regulation. 3' deletion analysis revealed that DNA-elements located downstream from transcription initiation sites (up to +123) contribute to transcriptional regulation.
RETENTION BEHAVIORS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON COMB-SHAPED POLYMER IMMOBILIZED-SILICA IN RPLC (2000)

The comb-shaped polymer (ODA18) was prepared by telomerization of octadecyl acrylate with 3-mercapto-propyltrimethoxysilane and immobilized onto porous silica gels. The DSC thermograms of both ODA18 and Sil-ODA18 showed a crystalline-to-isotropic phase transition. The polymer-immobilized silica (Sil-ODA18) showed a selective retention towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The enhanced selectivity was observed in the crystalline region. The relatively bulky solute molecules were retained preferentially in the non-crystalline region and exhibited a k'-jump at around the phase transition temperature in the temperature dependent plot. The increase in retention factor with increasing temperature arises from the gradual increase in solute-stationary phase contact volume. We assume that the enhancement of retention factor in the crystalline region towards slender and planar PAHs arises from the incorporation with the ordered side chains or the alignment with the ordered carbonyl groups for π-π interaction. The selectivity of ODS and of Sil-ODA18 at the isotropic state towards PAHs was found to be similar.
CESIUM-SELECTIVE POLY (VINYLCHLORIDE) MEMBRANE ELECTRODE BASED ON A NEW CALIX[4]ARENE DERIVATIVE IN THE 1,3-ALTERNATE CONFORMATION (2002)

ABSTRACT A new calix[4]arene derivative [25-(3-bromo-propyloxy)-5,11,-17,23-tetrakis(tert-butyl)-26,27,28-tris(1-propyloxy) calix[4]arene] (BTC) in the 1,3-alternate conformation was tested as a cesium-selective ionophore plasticized PVC membrane electrode. The resulting electrode showed a Nernstian behavior for Cs+ ion over a wide concentration range (1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−1 M). The selectivity coefficients for cesium with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium and some transition metal ions, were determined. A relatively high Cs+/Rb+ selectivity was observed, the selectivity coefficient being ca. 10−2. Effects of membrane composition and pH of test solution on the potential response of the electrode were also discussed. The proposed electrode revealed a lower limit of detection (2.1 × 10−7 M) and improved Cs+/Rb+ selectivity in comparison with the previously reported Cs+ ion selective electrodes.
Instability predictions for circumferentially cracked Type-304 stainless-steel pipes under dynamic loading. Final report. [BWR] (1982)

This report provides methods to predict margins of safety for circumferentially cracked Type 304 stainless steel pipes subjected to applied bending loads. An integrated combination of experimentation and analysis research was pursued. Two types of experiments were performed: (1) laboratory-scale tests on center-cracked panels and bend specimens to establish the basic mechanical and fracture properties of Type 304 stainless steel, and (2) full-scale pipe fracture tests under quasi-static and dynamic loadings to assess the analysis procedures. Analyses were based upon the simple plastic collapse criterion, a J-estimation procedure, and elastic-plastic large-deformation finite element models.
Evolving Genomics of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2013)

Genomic-scale transcript profiling approaches provide an unbiased view of the transcriptome of organs, tissues, and cells. Such technologies have been applied to the study of lungs and cells of patients with fibrotic lung disease and animal models of lung disease with the goal of detecting key molecules that play a significant role in pathogenesis, identifying potential drug targets, and developing biomarkers of disease presence, progression, and outcome. Genomic profiling studies have also been used to classify and distinguish different interstitial lung diseases such as IPF, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), lung fibrosis associated with scleroderma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). In this chapter, we describe the progress and insights derived from applying genomic-scale transcript profiling approaches to fibrotic lung diseases as well as the potential impact of new technologies and NIH-funded projects on the field of genomics.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL BENZAZOL‐2‐CARBOXYLATES (1985)

Abstract Die Trialkoxyessigsäurealkylester (I) kondensieren mit den aromatischen Aminen (II) zu den Benzazolylcarbonsäureestern (III).
Spectral efficiency of CDMA systems with transmit and receive antenna arrays (2002)

Multiple antennas and space-time processing are known to provide large link-level capacity gains. In this paper we investigate the system-level impact of using antenna arrays with up to four elements at both transmitter and receiver in a downlink CDMA system. We consider the following uses for multiple transmit antennas: transmit diversity, BLAST transmission (using the same spreading code to radiate independent data from different antennas), and directive beam steering. Link spectral efficiencies can be calculated as a function of the required signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) assuming capacity-approaching channel coding. System-level simulations provide the probability distribution of received SIR in a multi-cell CDMA system, with and without directive beam steering. The link- and system-level results are then combined to yield the number of equal-rate users that can be supported at some outage level. We show that 10 fold increases in user capacity can be achieved when up to four antenna elements are used on each side of the link (assuming a per-user rate of 1.25 Mbps and a 5-MHz bandwidth).