gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Silica in the Environment: Effects on Iron Hydroxide Surface Chemistry and Implications for Natural and Engineered Systems (2000)

Aqueous silica is present in all natural waters and exhibits a high affinity for the surfaces of iron oxides. Therefore, it is expected to play an important role in environmental systems. Experiments were conducted to investigate the fundamentals of silica sorption onto pre-formed ferric hydroxide at pH 5.0-9.5 and silica concentrations of 0-200 mg/L as SiO₂. Over the entire pH range studied, sorption densities exceeding monolayer sorption were observed at silica levels typical of natural waters. Under some circumstances, sorption exceeded a monolayer while the particle zeta potential remained positive, a phenomenon which is inconsistent with available models. To address this deficiency, an extended surface complexation model was formulated in which soluble dimeric silica sorbs directly to iron surface sites. This model fits sorption density data up to 0.40 mol SiO₂/mol Fe, and it accurately predicts trends in zeta potential and the observed H⁺ release during silica sorption to ferric hydroxide at pH 5.0 and 6.0. A second phase of research was aimed at identifying the practical implications of silica sorption to iron hydroxide in natural and engineered systems. Two types of surfaces were prepared by exposing pre-formed Fe(OH)₃ to aqueous silica (0-200 mg/L as SiO₂) for periods of 1.5 hours or 50 days. The concentration of pre-formed iron passing through a 0.45 micron pore size filter at pH 6.0-9.5 increased as the solids aged in the presence of silica. Consistent with formation of small, stable colloids, "soluble" iron concentrations exceeded 0.2 mg/L only at zeta potentials <span style="text-decoration:underline"><</span> -15 mV. When arsenate was added to iron hydroxide particles equilibrated with silica for 1.5 hours, percentage arsenate removals were high. In contrast, arsenate removals decreased markedly as pH and silica concentrations increased if silica was pre-equilibrated with the iron for 50 days. Trends in percentage removal of humic substances were similar. Competition for sorption sites was the main cause of hindered anionic contaminant removal. However, interference with hydrolysis and precipitation are expected to be important under some circumstances, particularly during water treatment.
Optimizing information agents by selectively materializing data (1998)

We present an approach for optimizing the performance of information agents by materializing useful information . A critical problem with information agents, particularly those gathering and integrating information from Web sources is a high query response time. This is because the data needed to answer user queries is present across several differentWeb sources (and in several pages within a source) and retrieving,extracting and integrating the data is time consuming. Weaddress this problem by materializing useful classes of information and defining them as auxiliary data sources for the information agent. The key challenge here is to identify the contentandschema of the classes of information that would be useful to materialize. We present an algorithm that identifies such classes by analyzing patterns in user queries. We describe an implementation of our approach and experiments in progress. We also discuss other important problems that we will address in optimizing information agents.
Fundamentals of organic chemistry : Study guide and solutions manual to accompany (1997)

Partial table of contents: Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds. Representative Carbon Compounds. An Introduction to Organic Reactions: Acids and Bases. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Conformations of Molecules. Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules. Alkenes and Alkynes I: Properties and Synthesis. Alkenes and Alkynes II: Addition Reactions. Radical Reactions. Alcohols and Ethers. Conjugated Unsaturated Systems. Aromatic Compounds. Reactions of Aromatic Compounds. Aldehydes and Ketones I: Nucleophilic Additions to the Carbonyl Group. Aldehydes and Ketones II: Aldol Reactions. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Nucleophilic Substitution at the Acyl Carbon. Amines. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Answers to Selected Problems. Glossary. Index.
The cytoplasmic domain of Escherichia coli leader peptidase is a "translocation poison" sequence. (1988)

Leader peptidase is an integral, transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli. Its membrane assembly requires its internal, uncleaved signal sequence, its large periplasmic carboxyl-terminal region, and an apolar domain that is known as a "hydrophobic helper." We now show that the polar cytoplasmic domain of leader peptidase is a unique membrane assembly element, which we term a "translocation poison" sequence. This sequence is defined by its ability to block the action of a signal sequence that either precedes or follows it. To our knowledge, this is the first entirely polar topogenic element. Deletion analysis shows that the role of the leader peptidase hydrophobic helper sequence in its membrane assembly is to overcome the block to assembly caused by the poison sequence.
Mechanism of adenosine inhibition of catecholamine-induced responses in heart. (1983)

The properties of adenosine inhibition of catecholamine-induced responses were investigated, using an isolated rat heart preparation. Perfusion of hearts with 0.1 microM isoproterenol increased myocardial cAMP content 2.8-fold, activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase 4.4-fold, phosphorylase a formation 3.4-fold, left ventricular pressure 1.8-fold, rate of ventricular pressure development 2.1-fold, and rate of ventricular relaxation 2.2-fold within 1 minute. When perfused with the isoproterenol, 10 microM adenosine reduced the catecholamine-produced increase in cAMP, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and phosphorylase by 30-40%, and the elevation in left ventricular pressure and rate of ventricular pressure development by 40-70% within 40 seconds. More than 2 minutes were required for the nucleoside to significantly reduce the isoproterenol-elicited increase in the rate of ventricular relaxation. Perfusion of adenosine alone at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 microM were without effect on the above parameters. Theophylline at 50 microM had no effect alone on the above parameters but blocked the inhibitory actions of adenosine on the isoproterenol-induced responses. In the presence of 15 mM Mg++ adenosine reduced by approximately 56% the 2-fold increase in myocardial membrane adenylate cyclase activity produced by 1 microM isoproterenol without affecting basal or fluoride-stimulated activity. Adenosine also reduced the isoproterenol-induced increase in enzyme activity assayed at 1-2 mM Mg++, a level that more closely approximates the intracellular activity of the ion. The results suggest that physiological concentrations of adenosine attenuate the catecholamine-induced increase in cAMP content, cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation, phosphorylase a formation, and contractile parameters in the working heart, via reducing the beta-adrenergic activation of adenylate cyclase.
Regioselective <i>Ortho</i>-Arylation and Alkenylation of <i>N</i>-Alkyl Benzamides with Boronic Acids via Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation: An Easy Route to Fluorenones Synthesis (2012)

A highly regioselective ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-arylation of substituted N-alkyl benzamides with aromatic boronic acids in the presence of [{RuCl(2)(p-cymene)}(2)], AgSbF(6), and Ag(2)O is described. Further, ortho-arylated N-alkyl benzamides were converted into fluorenones in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride and HCl.
Demand pacing in intermittent heart-block (1968)

In pacing on demand, electric stimulation is coupled to the QRS complex and takes place only if ventricular contraction fails to occur within the preset time interval. Pacing is cancelled if the spontaneous heart rate exceeds the preset pacemaker rate. In demand pacing, the electrode delivering the electric stimulus also monitors the electrocardiogram for purposes of programming the timing device incorporated in the pacemaker. Good endocardial contact of the electrode, therefore, becomes essential to provide an adequate signal for programming of the monitoring and timing circuits. It is recommended that once the electrodes have been placed, an endocardial ECG be obtained. Its signal should at least reach 6 mv, thus providing a 3:1 margin over the threshold of the monitoring system. Twenty-seven patients with the implanted demand pacemaker were successfully treated.
Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Lapidin, a Bicyclic Sesquiterpene* (1994)

Lapidin, a bicyclic sesquiterpene from Ferula linkii Webb, has been evaluated for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities in mice and rats. Lapidin, vehicle, or the appropriate reference analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] and indomethacin) were injected i.p. The more conspicuous effects of lapidin were: 1) a significant protective effect (17-62%; 2.5-20 mg/kg) towards writhings and stretchings induced by acetic acid in mice; 2) a significant antinociceptive effect on jumping responses in the hot-plate test (120 seconds at 15 mg/kg vs. 40 and 85 seconds in vehicle and ASA-treated mice, respectively); 3) a significant dose-dependent (5-15 mg/kg) antinociceptive effect against mechanical noxious stimuli; 4) a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in the carrageenan-induced edema which, at the higher dose (20 mg/kg), was comparable (65% inhibition of paw swelling at 3 hours) to that obtained after indomethacin (10 mg/kg); and 5) a moderate antipyretic effect against yeast-induced hyperthermia. Present results demonstrate that lapidin possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and less pronounced antipyretic effects comparable to those of classical non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, which make it worthy of further investigations as an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory drug.
Critical Reception (1987)

Persuasion was published together with Northanger Abbey in a four-volume set in December 1817, in an edition that included a 'Biographical Notice of the Author' by Jane Austen's brother, Henry. The book took Jane Austen just twelve months to write, and it was completed in the August before her death. We know that she re-wrote the ending of the novel substantially. The original version omitted the climactic proposal scene at the White Hart Inn, and contained instead a scene at the Crofts' lodgings in Bath, where through a series of blunders on Admiral Croft's part, Wentworth and Anne are left alone together to declare their love. Clearly Jane Austen was unhappy with this first version, which tended to emphasise the comic elements in the lovers' situation, and in writing the concluding section in its final form, she created a fresh extra chapter, which developed Anne's role, included her conversation with Harville about woman's constancy, and allowed greater scope for the crucial analysis of the past. The novel now became a two-volume work, with twelve chapters in each volume.
RASS, a Remote Sensing System for Measuring Low-Level Temperature Profiles (1973)

A new technique for remote measurement of temperature in the lower atmosphere has been developed and successfully tested. The equipment used is called a Radio Acoustic Sounding System because a burst of sound propagating upward in the air is tracked by a Doppler radar. Air temperature at each height is determined from the instantaneous speed of the sound pulse and a complete profile can be obtained in only a few seconds. In order to improve accuracy, the measurements are normally averaged for several minutes, but even so the sampling rate is high enough to continuously monitor the temperature profile. Although earlier efforts showed that sound could indeed be tracked by radar, the work described here is the first successful attempt to use the technique to measure temperature profiles.
Telling Cells How to Die: Docetaxel Therapy in Cancer Cell Lines (2007)

Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are antimicrotubule agents used in the clinical practice for the treatment of solid tumors. The molecular mechanisms of taxane-dependent cytotoxicity are only partially known. In vitro, different modes of action have been established for paclitaxel according to its concentration. A similar phenomenon has been shown for other microtubule-stabilizing drugs, including docetaxel. Recently, we described two different forms of mitotic exit in breast cancer cell lines exposed to docetaxel. The causes and consequences of the dual mechanism of cytotoxicity of this agent are discussed here.
Biologic Fate of Human Arterial Homografts (1957)

In our experience—and insofar as the record shows, in the experience of others as well—the results of surgical procedures utilizing homologous arterial grafts in the surgical management of aneurysmal and occlusive arterial disease deteriorate as the postoperative follow-up period lengthens. The worsening of the results is not uniform in all anatomical areas and in all forms and degrees of disease. After four years' experience, from the point of view of technical excellence alone, the results of operations for aortic lesions appear best, although the long-term survival rate of patients with these lesions is unfavorably affected by the intercurrent manifestations of arteriosclerosis, mainly coronary thrombosis. Late deterioration of the results is commonest in patients with femoral and, especially, popliteal obliteration, a fact particularly disquieting, since this group of patients is the most numerous and generally has the best survival outlook. As a recent study1shows, the commonest factor in the
PROJECTED TIME GAP: A NEW LOOK AT DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AT JUNCTIONS (1999)

Since the early days of gap-acceptance studies, time gap (TG) has been the prevailing tool adopted by researchers in developing tools for junction evaluation. However, the studies neglected an intuitively better measure, projected time gap (PG), which is a time gap projected to a fixed reference time; this was because conventional methods cannot measure PG. This paper shows how the video image processing (VIP) software package, CAMDAS, can extract corresponding measurements of TG and PG. It compares TG and PG data to evaluate their performance. Two aspects of measure performance are compared: (1) measure adaptability, i.e. suitability to be used under different traffic conditions; and (2) measure consistency. It was found that PG, by measuring exactly at the time when the gap acceptance decision is made, characterises gap acceptance behaviour more closely that TG, because it uses better data. It is also more sensitive than TG, so that it is more adaptable to the presence of driver interactions. It is more consistent, because it has smaller standard deviations. This suggests that it should be used in future gap acceptance studies for better representation of driver gap acceptance behaviour, for example, priority reversal (forced merging), as well as better junction safety.
Tissue Printing as a Tool for Observing Immunological and Protein Profiles in Young and Mature Celery Petioles (1993)

Tissue printing onto membranes such as nitrocellulose is a technique employed to study the localization of proteins, nucleic acids, and soluble metabolites from freshly cut tissue slices. We probed tissue prints of young and mature celery (Apium graveolens) petioles with antibodies raised against two proteins, spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and tomato fruit catalase. The purposes of this study were to determine if these proteins are developmentally regulated and to determine if the patterns and intensities of cross-reactivity of antibodies on tissue blots corresponded only to the presence of specific epitopes or was related to the amount of protein present in any given area on the tissue prints. Different and distinct cross-reactivity patterns were observed with each of the two antibodies used. Tissue prints from young and mature tissues also showed differences in antibody cross-reactivity. Comparison of Coomassie blue staining patterns with antibody reactivity patterns showed that there is little relationship between tissue protein concentration and antibody reactivity.
Linear prediction with a variable analysis frame size (1977)

This paper describes a speech analysis-synthesis system based on stationary linear prediction formulation. This system uses a variable analysis frame size concept. The k-parameters are used to represent the spectral information in the speech. The statistical and quantization properties of k-parameters are studied in detail. A method for calculating the analysis frame size based on energy and pitch period variations within a speech waveform has been developed. The speech analysis-synthesis system has been implemented on the computing facility of the Signal Processing Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University. Average data rates of 4800, 3600, and 2400 bits/s have been achieved on a limited speech data base of male speakers.
Crystal structure of ytterbium gold gallium, YbAu<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>7</sub> in the ScRh<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>7</sub>-type (1996)

Article Crystal structure of ytterbium gold gallium, YbAu3Ga7 in the ScRh3Si7-type was published on February 1, 1996 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 211, issue 2).
Resonant Coupling of a Passive Inductance-Capacitance-Resistor Loop in Coil-Based Sensing Systems (2012)

An inductance-capacitance-resistor (LCR) loop is composed, by connecting an inductive coil with a capacitance element end by end. Without any electric connection with other circuits, higher quality factor can be easily obtained. The loop is inserted into the electromagnetic coupling path of coil-based sensing system, such as the case of eddy-current sensor. When the system is working at the natural resonant frequency of the loop, the coupling efficiency and, therefore, the sensing performance could be improved significantly. Protocol systems, simulating the operation cases of wireless passive sensor and eddy current proximity sensor, are constructed and tested experimentally. The results indicate that, in case of coil-coupled wireless passive sensing system, the received signal's amplitude is enlarged remarkably with a coaxially inserted LCR loop. Moreover, when the loop is coaxially placed on top of the sensing coil of eddy current sensor, not only higher sensitivity and resolution, but also larger monotonic detection range could be achieved.
Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: challenges and solutions (2014)

More than 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Mother-to-child transmission remains the most important mechanism of infection in countries with a high prevalence of HBV. Universal screening of all pregnant women, at-birth prophylaxis with specific anti-HBV immune globulin, as well as HBV vaccination for newborns of infected mothers are effective in reducing the risk of vertical transmission. However, in cases of a high viral load and hepatitis B e antigen positivity, there is a residual risk of HBV transmission to the newborn despite prophylaxis. This review focuses on the above-indicated strategies and on the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs administered during the third trimester of pregnancy.
The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation (2001)

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) represents the most important long-term complication after lung transplantation. Elevated numbers of neutrophils within the airways are a hallmark of OB. It is unclear what causes the recruitment and activation of neutrophils in the airways of patients with OB: the process of chronic rejection itself or infection, which may (especially in latent virus infection) often be overlooked by the currently applied diagnostic procedures. It is well known that besides their physiologic functions in the clearance of invading micro-organisms, activated neutrophils have a remarkable potential to cause damage to lung tissue. This is attributable to their capability to generate reactive oxygen species and to release potentially toxic proteases. It has been shown that the increased numbers of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation are associated with elevated levels of interleukin-8, the predominant neutrophil chemotactic factor in the lung. As evidence for the impact of neutrophils on the pathogenesis of BOS, there is significant oxidative stress within the airways of patients with BOS. In addition, the milieu within the airways is characterized by an imbalance between neutrophil elastase (NE) and molecules that inhibit NE as a result of an increased burden of NE released by neutrophils. A defective antiprotease shield due to the loss of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor could be demonstrated in BOS. These mechanisms may provide possible targets to develop new therapeutic strategies that either prevent neutrophil sequestration and activation, or inhibit neutrophil products in order to prevent or attenuate airway damage.
Reinforcement Evolutionary Learning Method for self-learning (2018)

In statistical modelling the biggest threat is concept drift which makes the model gradually showing deteriorating performance over time. There are state of the art methodologies to detect the impact of concept drift, however general strategy considered to overcome the issue in performance is to rebuild or re-calibrate the model periodically as the variable patterns for the model changes significantly due to market change or consumer behavior change etc. Quantitative research is the most widely spread application of data science in Marketing or financial domain where applicability of state of the art reinforcement learning for auto-learning is less explored paradigm. Reinforcement learning is heavily dependent on having a simulated environment which is majorly available for gaming or online systems, to learn from the live feedback. However, there are some research happened on the area of online advertisement, pricing etc where due to the nature of the online learning environment scope of reinforcement learning is explored. Our proposed solution is a reinforcement learning based, true self-learning algorithm which can adapt to the data change or concept drift and auto learn and self-calibrate for the new patterns of the data solving the problem of concept drift. Keywords - Reinforcement learning, Genetic Algorithm, Q-learning, Classification modelling, CMA-ES, NES, Multi objective optimization, Concept drift, Population stability index, Incremental learning, F1-measure, Predictive Modelling, Self-learning, MCTS, AlphaGo, AlphaZero
Electrical nonlinearity in silicon modulators based on reversed PN junctions (2017)

The electrical nonlinearity of silicon modulators based on reversed PN junctions was found to severely limit the linearity of the modulators. This effect, however, was inadvertently neglected in previous studies. Considering the electrical nonlinearity in simulation, a 32.2 dB degradation in the CDR3 (i.e., the suppression ratio between the fundamental signal and intermodulation distortion) of the modulator was observed at a modulation speed of 12 GHz, and the spurious free dynamic range was simultaneously degraded by 17.4 dB. It was also found that the linearity of the silicon modulator could be improved by reducing the series resistance of the PN junction. The frequency dependence of the linearity due to the electrical nonlinearity was also investigated.