gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upgrade of the muon system in the high eta region of the CMS experiment at LHC with GEMs (2014)

The LHC data-taking will resume in 2015 with energy of 13-14 TeV and luminosity of 2 ÷ 5 × 1034cm −2s−1. At those energies, a considerable fraction of the particles produced propagate in the high pseudo-rapidity regions. The proposal for the upgrade of the CMS muon forward system involves Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers to be installed during the second LHC Long Shutdown (LS2) covering the pseudorapidity range 1.5 < |η| < 2.2. This detector is able to handle the extreme particle rates expected in this region when the LHC will be running at higher luminosity. Intense R&D; has been going on since 2009 and it has lead to the development of several GEM prototypes and associated detector electronics. This contribution will review the status of the CMS upgrade project with GEMs, discussing also the trigger performance.
Binding of meso-tetra (4-N-methylpyridyl) porphine to DNA (1980)

The porphyrin photosensitizer, meso-Tetra (4-N-methyl-pyridyl) porphine tetraperchlorate is shown to unwind supercoiled ColEI DNA at a somewhat lower concentration than ethidium bromide. In contrast to this, the Fe(III) chelate of T4MPyP cannot unwind supercoiled DNA. It is concluded that these results corroborate our previous findings that, despite its large bulk, T4MPyP is fully capable of intercalating in DNA.
Hypoglycemia in the hospital (2011)

Hypoglycemia is a common adverse event affecting hospitalized patients with diabetes. This paper reviews the data regarding optimization of glucose in hospitalized patients, discusses the scope and significance of hypoglycemia in the hospital, and makes recommendations on how to reduce the risk of this serious adverse event.
Effect of Various Fractions Extracted from Mulberry Leaves on Lipid Metabolism in Rabbits Fed a Cholesterol Diet. (1999)

桑葉が脂質制御効果を有することをすでに報告している。活性成分の解明を目的に桑葉画分による検討を行った。1%コレステロール食摂餌により高脂肪血症としたウサギに, 桑葉に換算して5%および2.5%量の1-ブタノール画分, 5%量のアセトン画分および抽出残分を14週間与えた4群についてコレステロール食のみの対照群と比較した。その結果, いずれも対照群に対して, 血清脂質上昇抑制傾向を認めたが, 5% 1-ブタノール食群および5%抽出残分の群では10週前後から有意な抑制効果が得られた。また両群とも肝細胞での脂肪蓄積抑制傾向を認めた。これらの結果より, 桑葉の脂質制御効果は複数の成分による作用の発現であることが明らかになった。
Molecular Cloning, Functional Expression, and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Cholecystokinin Type A Receptor (1994)

The results presented here describe for the first time the molecular cloning of the human CCKA-R. Expression of the recombinant receptor shows the expected subtype pharmacology and coupling to phosphoinositide hydrolysis reported for the native human CCKA-R. This knowledge will enhance our understanding of its distribution, pharmacology, and structure and will improve our understanding of its physiological role in the gastrointestinal and nervous systems in humans. Ultimately, this should hasten the understanding and therapy of gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Studies of Aminosugars. XXII. The Total Synthesis of Kanamycin A (1969)

Abstract 6-O-(3-Amino-3-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxystreptamine, which was previously synthesized, was masked with carbobenzoxy, isopropylidene and benzyl groups to give 6-O-(2-O-benzyl-3-carbobenzoxyamino-3-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-N,N′-dicarbobenzoxy-2-deoxystreptamine, with which 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-(N-benzylacetamido)-6-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl chloride was condensed by a modified Koenigs-Knorr reaction, to give an α,α-diglycoside compound. The identity of the product with a substance of the same structure derived from natural kanamycin A was shown. Removal of the masking groups gave the synthetic kanamycin A, which was identical to the natural specimen.
Tritium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Part 9. Specifically tritiated glucoses (1978)

The strict regiospecificity of the labelling in some monotritiated glucoses, available commercially as aqueous solutions, is demonstrated by 3H n. m. r. spectroscopy. After storage there may however sometimes be label also present in the water or as non-glucose impurity. Internally referenced chemical shifts for D-glucopyranose in dilute solution in D2O at 25°C are provided for the first time.
Cloning and characterization of alternatively spliced isoforms of rat tenascin. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB markedly stimulates expression of spliced variants of tenascin mRNA in arterial smooth muscle cells. (1994)

To understand the alteration of extracellular matrix composition evoked by chemotactic factors, we have studied the expression of adhesive (fibronectin) and anti-adhesive (tenascin) proteins in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), a potent chemoattractant for rat aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC). PDGF-BB markedly induced two major tenascin mRNA transcripts, whereas fibronectin mRNA levels did not change. The results of immunoprecipitation studies paralleled Northern blot data. Since alternative splicing is responsible for the generation of multiple tenascin mRNAs in other cell types, we studied the effect of chemotactic factors on the relative abundance of tenascin isoforms. The alternatively spliced region of ASMC-derived rat tenascin was amplified and the identity of the products confirmed by sequencing. Three major polymerase chain reaction products were detected: a 1727-base pair unspliced form which was maximal at 2 h and 635- and 362-base pair products which were more abundant at 8 h after treatment with PDGF-BB or angiotensin II. Functional studies showed that the unspliced isoform of human tenascin inhibited attachment of both human and rat ASMC to fibronectin. These results suggest that PDGF-BB markedly up-regulates the expression of tenascin variants, which may lead to destabilization of cell-matrix interactions and promotion of cell migration.
Suppression of the Contact Hypersensitivity Response Following Topical Exposure to 2-Butoxyethanol in Female BALB/c Mice (2002)

The effects of route of exposure, time of exposure and metabolism of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) on the contact hypersensitivity response (CHR) were evaluated in female BALB/c mice. Mice were either orally exposed to 50, 150 or 400 mg BE/kg or topically exposed to 0.25, 1.0, 4.0 or 16.0 mg BE on the ear and the oxazolone (OXA)-induced CHR evaluated by measuring ear thickness before and after OXA challenge. While no modulation was observed following oral exposure to BE, topical exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the CHR. Application of 4.0 mg BE in 4:1 acetone and olive oil (AOO) vehicle at the time of sensitization, challenge or both, decreased the CHR by 18%, 18% and 22%, respectively. A time course study of the effects of topical exposure to 4.0 mg BE/ear during the challenge phase of the CHR revealed that BE must be applied at the time of OXA challenge to significantly reduce the ear swelling response. In order to determine if metabolism of topically applied BE was required for suppression of the CHR, butoxyacetic acid (BAA), the primary metabolite of BE, was applied to the ear immediately following OXA challenge. No topical dose of BAA (2.0,4.0 and 8.0 mg BAA/ear) administered in this study altered the CHR. Blocking the metabolism of BE by oral administration of 4-methylpyrazole (MP), further reduced OXA-induced ear swelling when compared to mice exposed to BE without MP treatment. Taken together, these studies indicated that suppression of the CHR in mice following topical exposure to this glycol ether was due to the activity of BE itself and was not dependent on metabolic activation of the compound. Further studies were undertaken to identify a potential mechanism of BE-induced reduction of the CHR. Epidermal cells from untreated BALB/c mice were isolated and exposed to BE in vitro (10(-12), 10(-10), 10(-8), 10(-6) and l0(-4) M BE). In vitro exposure to BE at these concentrations did not significantly affect expression of MHC class II surface protein or protein synthesis in epidermal Langerhans cells, failing to provide in vitro evidence that BE-associated suppression of the CHR is associated with a reduction in MHC class II expression.
Recent Progress in Selective Area Growth and Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of III-Nitrides: Effects of Reactor Pressure in MOVPE Growth (1999)

Effects of reactor pressure on the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) via low pressure MOVPE have been studied in relation to the growth temperature. For the ELO GaN on SiO2 stripes along the 〈11-00〉 direction of the underlying GaN, by decreasing reactor pressures from 500 to 40 Torr or by increasing growth temperatures from 950 to 1050 °C, the (0001) surfaces become broad and the side walls are varied from inclined {112-2} surfaces to vertical {112-0} surfaces. For stripes along the 〈112-0〉 direction, the shapes of ELO GaN are independent of the reactor pressures and the growth temperatures. The mechanism of the morphological change is discussed based on the stability of the surface atoms. Typical ELO GaN layers with two-step growth are demonstrated and characterized in their crystalline properties.
DAMPING CAPACITY OF HARDENED CEMENT PASTE AND MORTAR IN SPECIMENS VIBRATING AT VERY LOW FREQUENCIES (1965)

THE DAMPING CAPACITIES OF CEMENT PASTE AND MORTAR SPECIMENS VIBRATING AT FREQUENCIES FROM 0.16 TO 4 CPS AND WITH STRAIN AMPLITUDES UP TO 150 X 10 TO THE MINUS 6 POWER WERE MEASURED. THE ENDS OF THE SPECIMEN WERE CLAMPED TO THE MIDPOINTS OF METAL BEAMS. THE APPARATUS WAS SUSPENDED FROM A RIGID BEAM BY WIRES CONNECTED TO THE CENTERS OF GRAVITY OF THE INERTIAL BEAMS. THE SPECIMENS WERE VIBRATED BY DRAWING ADJACENT ENDS OF THE INERTIAL BEAMS TOWARD EACH OTHER AND RELEASING THEM. THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE ENDS OF THE INERTIAL BEAMS WERE SENSED BY A NONCONTACTING ELECTRONIC PICKUP, AND THE LOGARITHMIC DECREMENT WAS MEASURED DIRECTLY USING AN OSCILLOSCOPE AND CAMERA. THE LOGARITHMIC DECREMENT INCREASED LINEARLY WITH STRAIN AMPLITUDE OVER THE RANGE OF STRAINS INVESTIGATED. AT FREQUENCIES BELOW 2.5 CPS THE LOGARITHMIC DECREMENT INCREASED WITH DECREASING FREQUENCY. THE AUTHORS SUGGEST THE PROCESSES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOW- FREQUENCY DAMPING EFFECTS ARE THE SAME ONES THAT GOVERN CREEP. /AUTHOR/
A population balance approach to direct‐contact secondary refrigerant freezing (1986)

Abstract A population balance approach is used in developing an analysis of homogeneous freezing in a brine‐ice slurry by direct‐contact heat transfer to a dispersed secondary refrigerant. Exponential and beta distributions are assumed for the ice crystals and refrigerant droplets, respectively. The effects of freezer pressure (refrigerant temperature), inlet refrigerant drop size, and refrigerant and brine flow rates on well‐mixed freezer characteristics are presented.
Single Molecule Absolute Chirality Determination, Isomerization, and Asymmetric Induction at a Silicon Surface (2002)

STM is used to identify and discriminate between adsorbed molecules differing only in the geometric configuration of methyl groups. The absolute configuration (either R or S) for each newly formed asymmetric centre is identified. The degree of stereoselectivity of the reaction of 2-butene with the Si(100) surface is also been studied. A small degree of isomerization is observed, indicating that the reaction, although 98% stereoselective, is not stereospecific. This implies that the [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of alkenes on this surface proceed in a step-wise manner with the time scale between formation of the two Si-C bonds on the order of a few picoseconds. We show the first example of an enantiospecific reaction with a silicon surface. 1S(+)-3-carene adsorption on the Si(100) surface results in the formation of a chiral surface.
Characterization of novel myelin components 3‐<i>O</i>‐acetyl‐sphingosine galactosylceramides by electrospray ionization Q‐TOF MS and MS/CID‐MS of Li<sup>+</sup> adducts (2007)

Glycosphingolipids with R(f) values higher than those of monoglycosylceramides (MGCs) in normal phase HPTLC appear to be normal components of myelin. A series of such low polarity components, referred to as 'fast moving cerebrosides' (FMCs), have been isolated from rat brain, and two of these fractions (FMC-1 and FMC-2) were found to be novel derivatives of galactosylceramide (GalCer) exhibiting O-acetylation at the 3-hydroxy group of the sphingoid moiety, and incorporating either non-hydroxy or 2-hydroxy fatty-N-acylation (Dasgupta S, Levery SB, Hogan EL. J. Lipid Res. 2002; 43: 751-761). Similar to the parent compounds, the 3-O-acetyl-sphingoid derivatives exhibit considerable diversity with respect to fatty-N-acyl chain length, manifested by heterogeneous molecular ion (Li(+) adduct) profiles. However, a detailed analysis of the individual molecular variants ('lipoforms'), e.g. by tandem MS/CID-MS analysis, was not carried out. In addition, several other FMCs distinguished by even lower polarity (higher HPTLC R(f) values) were isolated but have remained uncharacterized. For this study, analysis of both the known and unknown FMC components was carried out by positive ion ESI-MS and MS/CID-MS of their Li(+) adducts on a Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Since a Q-TOF instrument has not yet been applied to MS of lithiated cerebrosides and FMCs, MS/CID-MS spectra of bovine brain GalCer (both types) and the previously characterized rat brain FMCs (FMC-1 and FMC-2), having 3-O-acetylation of the sphingoid, were systematically acquired and their fragmentation behavior compared. This was followed by systematic analysis of previously uncharacterized FMC fractions (FMC-3 through FMC-5/6/7). The GalCer and FMC components proved to be amenable to analysis by this technique, and the data confirm that the latter are all related 3-O-acetyl-sphingoid derivatives, with the higher R(f) components carrying additional O-acetyl modifications on the galactosyl residue, which further reduce their polarity. The utility of the technique, the structures of unknown FMCs, and their characteristic fragmentation patterns are described.
Decreased pancreatic exocrine response to cholecystokinin in Zucker obese rats (1982)

Cholecystokinin (CCK), one of the peptides secreted by the gastrointestinal tract during a meal, stimulates release of enzymes into pancreatic juice and is a trophic hormone for the pancreas. Administration of CCK also decreases food intake, and obese rats have been shown to have a higher threshold than lean rats for this apparent effect on satiety. In this study experiments were designed to compare the sensitivity of obese and lean rats to the effects of CCK octapeptide (CCK-8) on pancreatic structure and exocrine function. In both growing and adult Zucker rats DNA content of the pancreas from obese rats was decreased compared with that from lean rats [2.42 +/- 0.21 vs. 3.07 +/- 0.18 mg (P less than 0.01) and 2.46 +/- 0.25 vs. 3.01 +/- 0.19 mg (P less than 0.05), respectively], and in adult obese rats this was accompanied by decreased pancreas size on both absolute weight and percent of body weight bases. In adult obese Bar Harbor mice, although DNA content of the pancreas was also decreased [1.70 +/- 0.10 vs. 2.41 +/- 0.11 mg (P less than 0.01)], pancreas weight was not different (0.30 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.01 g). In young rats growth of the pancreas was stimulated by 2 micrograms/kg CCK-8 administered subcutaneously or 100 mg/kg of a trypsin inhibitor administered orally twice daily for 2 wk. Although both treatments increased weight and DNA and protein content of the pancreas, the increases in DNA and protein content were smaller in obese than lean rats, indicating a decreased responsiveness to both trophic agents. Administration of CCK-8 stimulated smaller increases in pancreatic juice volume and amylase release in obese compared with lean rats, indicating decreased pancreatic exocrine function in response to CCK. In adults the CCK-8 dose-response curve for amylase release from dispersed pancreatic acini of obese rats was similar to that of lean rats, indicating normal sensitivity in vitro. Thus, in obese rats and mice DNA content of the pancreas is decreased when compared with that of lean rats and mice, and this is accompanied by decreased in vivo responses to CCK in obese rats.
Familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2001)

There is increasing recognition of the importance of genetic factors in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and related proteinuric disorders. Recently, four genes have been identified which, when defective, cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or nephrosis. All of these genes appear to be important in the maintenance of glomerular podocyte function. However, not all cases of familial nephrosis or proteinuria are explained by defects in these genes.
B cells – ontogenesis and immune memory development (2011)

Functional diversity in the distinct developmental stages as well as anti-pathogen effectiveness and memory functionality make B cells unique and attractive object of physiology studies of the immune system. B cells are produced throughout the life of an organism, originate from the hematopoietic stem cells before birth and continue to differentiate to terminal stages. Over the past decade, there has been considerable progress in the research of all B cell intermediates and developmental processes. In this review, we will try to bring brief and comprehensive description of the current understanding of this fascinating topic.
Failure to detect Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture by using a monoclonal antibody directed against the major outer membrane protein (1997)

Two commercially available monoclonal antibodies for cell culture confirmation of Chlamydia trachomatis were compared in two prospective studies and one large retrospective study. In total, more than 33,000 genital specimens were cultured in parallel and stained with both antibodies, one of which was directed against the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and one of which was directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found the anti-LPS-based assay to be more sensitive and as specific as the anti-MOMP-based assay for C. trachomatis cell culture confirmation of genital specimens.
Interindividual variation of <scp>NET</scp>osis in healthy donors: introduction and application of a refined method for extracellular trap quantification (2016)

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a mechanism of innate immune defence by which neutrophil (polymorphonuclear) granulocytes (PMN) produce net-like structures of decondensed chromatin decorated with antimicrobial peptides for trapping and possibly killing microorganisms. If this process leads to cell death, it is termed NETosis. Alterations of this particular mechanism have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases including psoriasis and lupus erythematosus. Still, quantification of NETosis poses a considerable challenge. We report and test a refined protocol for morphological NET quantification in healthy human donors that encompasses isolation, stimulation, DNA staining, live imaging and semi-automated offline analysis. The results were highly reproducible and in good agreement with manual counting. The average intra-donor coefficient of variation of NETosis rates to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation was low compared to the respective interdonor coefficient of variation (10% vs 82%, n=4, respectively, if experiments were repeated on the same day, and 38% vs 74%, n=6, respectively, if experiments were repeated on average 42±34 days apart). Overall, the interdonor coefficient of variation was 67% (n=10). These findings altogether support the existence of a distinct predisposition of PMN from different donors for undergoing NETosis. Picogreen fluorescence correlated stronger to cell death than to morphological NETosis (r<sup>2</sup> =.89, P<.001, n=8, and r<sup>2</sup> =.68, P=.012, n=8, respectively). This indicates that cytotoxicity may confound Picogreen fluorescence. Our results and the related protocol may help investigators with the quantification of NETosis and the design of respective basic and translational research studies.
Decomposing finite Abelian groups (2001)

This paper describes a quantum algorithm for efficiently decomposing finite Abelian groups into a product of cyclic groups. Such a decomposition is needed in order to apply the Abelian hidden subgroup algorithm. Such a decomposition (assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis) also leads to an efficient algorithm for computing class numbers (known to be at least as difficult as factoring).
Nb1.72Ta3.28S2: a novel phase in the Ta-Nb-S ternary system with a layered structure (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNb1.72Ta3.28S2: a novel phase in the Ta-Nb-S ternary system with a layered structureXiaoqiang Yao and Hugo F. FranzenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4, 1426–1427Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00004a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Backstreaming in Diffusion Pump Systems (1974)

Growing demands for cleanness in high vacuum systems have to be met by modern diffusion pump technique. Backstreaming, although overestimated as an inevitable source of contamination, nevertheless requires thorough attention. Definitions of what has to be understood really by "backstreaming" rest upon different measuring methods which in turn reflect the different and to some extent contradictory aspects of cleanness. With a mass spectrometric molecular beam detector backstreaming phenomena are measured which are not due to mere evaporation but to molecular scattering within the baffle. The influence of a number of parameters is studied (among others the type of the pump and the pressure). The contribution of backstreaming to system contamination appears negligible, except at higher pressures in the 10-4 Torr range where special precautions are recommended to meet exceptional high requirements for cleanness.
Preparation of a New Spirobi[thieno[2,3-c]pyran] and Its Selective Mono- and Dimetalation: Application for the Preparation of Soluble Conjugated Oligothiophenes and Pyrene Derivatives (2015)

3-Thienylacetic acid was converted in six steps into a new spirobi[thieno[2,3-<i>c</i>]pyran] (overall yield: 52%). The spirobi[thieno[2,3-<i>c</i>]pyran] was selectively mono- or dimetalated with butyllithium and then transmetalated with zinc chloride; cross-coupling reaction with various aryl or heteroaryl bromides, including bromo-oligothiophenes, acid chlorides, and 1-bromopyrene, produced the corresponding spiro derivatives in high yields.