gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of lipophilicity on cytotoxicity of anthracyclines in LoVo and LoVo/Dx human cell lines. (1991)

Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies aimed at improving drug activity profiles require the determination of the physicochemical properties possibly involved in biological action. The lipophilic character of selected anthracyclines has been measured by means of reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, selecting appropriate experimental conditions. The capacity coefficients at zero percentage of the organic phase (log K0), which are retention indexes, have been used as lipophilicity descriptors in a QSAR study, involving as biological data the cytotoxicity of anthracyclines in a doxorubicin-sensitive (LoVo) and in a doxorubicin-resistant (LoVo/Dx) human cell lines. The results obtained in these in vitro models indicate that lipophilicity plays a role in anthracycline activity, influencing drug availability at the site of action.
Multiemitter BiCMOS CML circuits (1992)

New BiCMOS current-mode logic (CML) circuits employing multiemitter devices are proposed. They perform logic functions in addition to conversion from CMOS to CML (or ECL). Their transient behavior was analyzed, and their delay expressions were obtained and verified using HSPICE. These expressions were used to optimize their design. Their performance s compared with other BiCMOS CML circuits with similar functionality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screening at 11-13+6 weeks' gestation. (2012)

Ultrasound examination of the conceptus and the uterine blood supply between 11 and 13 weeks' gestation provides important information about the state of the pregnancy at that point in time and about its future progress. Nuchal translucency measurement in conjunction with maternal serum markers (free-beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A), has been shown to be a highly effective method for screening for aneuploidy. This is further improved by the addition of other more recently discovered first trimester ultrasound markers resulting in detection rates that exceed 90% with a false positive rate of 2.5%. Many fetal structural anomalies can be detected at this gestational age. Recently described first trimester evaluation of the posterior brain (intracranial translucency (IT)) provides an effective screening tool for the presence of open neural tube defects. Doppler measurement of the pulsatility index in the uterine arteries in conjunction with maternal history and examination as well as maternal serum biochemistries helps to accurately establish the risk of developing preeclampsia.
Anion and Cation Post-source Decay Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry of Small Peptides: Substance P, Angiotensin II, and Renin Substrate (1996)

Substance P, angiotensin II and renin substrate tetradecapeptide were used to compare post-source decay (PSD) fragmentation of positive and negative peptide ions in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The peptides readily produced both [M+H]+ and [M−H]− ions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Dissociation of the protonated molecules yielded primarily a+n and b+n fragment ions and low-mass ions characteristic of individual amino acid residues. In contrast, the distinguishing feature of the anion spectra is a complete, or almost complete, series of y+n ions. In addition, b−n, c−n, x−n, and [yn18]− fragment ions are found in the anion spectra. Anion formation from substance P is particularly interesting, because this peptide contains no acidic carboxyl groups to act as a charge site. In general, peptide cations produced predominantly fragment ions from the N-terminus, while anion dissociation gave primarily C-terminal fragment ions. The results suggest that cation and anion PSD yield complementary information on peptide primary structures.
FR-900520 and FR-900523, novel immunosuppressants isolated from a Streptomyces. I. Taxonomy of the producing strain. (1988)

A new subspecies of the genus Streptomyces, the proposed name of which is Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. yakushimaensis subsp. nov., is described. Soil isolate, strain No. 7238, produces the novel immunosuppressants, FR-900520 and FR-900523. The organism is characterized by its gray aerial mycelium color, hygroscopic spore mass and spiral spore chains with warty or spiny spore surfaces. It is nonchromogenic. Strain No. 7238 shows characteristics most closely related to Streptomyces antimycoticus and S. hygroscopicus, although there are differences in physiological characteristics and carbohydrate utilization. In terms of morphological characteristics, strain No. 7238 is different from S. antimycoticus, but resembles S. hygroscopicus. The differences are not sufficient to establish a new species. It would be most suitable to designate strain No. 7238 as a new subspecies within the species of S. hygroscopicus.
Bookmarking by specific and nonspecific binding of FoxA1 pioneer factor to mitotic chromosomes (2013)

While most transcription factors exit the chromatin during mitosis and the genome becomes silent, a subset of factors remains and "bookmarks" genes for rapid reactivation as cells progress through the cell cycle. However, it is unknown whether such bookmarking factors bind to chromatin similarly in mitosis and how different binding capacities among them relate to function. We compared a diverse set of transcription factors involved in liver differentiation and found markedly different extents of mitotic chromosome binding. Among them, the pioneer factor FoxA1 exhibits the greatest extent of mitotic chromosome binding. Genomically, ~15% of the FoxA1 interphase target sites are bound in mitosis, including at genes that are important for liver differentiation. Biophysical, genome mapping, and mutagenesis studies of FoxA1 reveals two different modes of binding to mitotic chromatin. Specific binding in mitosis occurs at sites that continue to be bound from interphase. Nonspecific binding in mitosis occurs across the chromosome due to the intrinsic chromatin affinity of FoxA1. Both specific and nonspecific binding contribute to timely reactivation of target genes post-mitosis. These studies reveal an unexpected diversity in the mechanisms by which transcription factors help retain cell identity during mitosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Methyl 5,7‐Diphenyl‐3‐ethoxycarbonylmethyl‐4,7‐dihydrothiazolo [3,2‐a]pyridine‐8‐carboxylate. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SCED+: efficient management of quality of service guarantees (2002)

Proposals for the provision of deterministic quality of service guarantees in integrated services networks require per-session management of traffic flowing in network switches, raising scalability questions for practical implementation of high speed packet switching in large scale networks. At the same time, the end-to-end delay bounds associated with current proposals can be overly conservative, limiting the utility of the bounds to guide efficient resource allocation. In this paper, we introduce SCED+ (surface curve earliest deadline+), a network scheduling algorithm that yields scalable provision of tight deterministic end-to-end delay bounds. These features are achieved through the use of aggregation and efficient statistical multiplexing between best-effort and guaranteed traffic. The SCEDS+ algorithm also supports statistical multiplexing between "guaranteed" traffic streams, providing tight end-to-end delay bounds for traffic streams which can tolerate non-zero packet loss rates. In order to facilitate the analysis of SCED+, we refine the so-called "network calculus" to address delay jitter, and introduce a simple and unified approach to the analysis of output burstiness of traffic departing from a general network element.
Variations in running activity and enzymatic adaptations in voluntary running rats (1989)

The running behavior and biochemical markers of oxidative and glycolytic activities associated with voluntary running activity were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats after 6 wk of training in exercise wheel cages. Twenty-four-hour recordings of running activity were used to quantify the number of individual running bouts, their duration and running speed, and the distance run per day. We then established three categories of voluntary running activity based on the mean distance run per day during the last 3 wk of training: low-activity runners averaged 2-5 km/day, medium runners 6-9 km/day, and high runners greater than 11 km/day. Each group demonstrated an intermittent, nocturnal running pattern, at relatively high intensities, with a similar mean running speed for all groups (avg approximately 45 m/min). Differences in total distance run per day were the result of variations in both the number and duration of individual running bouts. Specifically, high runners (n = 7) had 206 +/- 30 individual running bouts per 24 h, each lasting 87 +/- 7 s; medium runners (n = 7) 221 +/- 22 running bouts, lasting 47 +/- 5 s; and low runners (n = 7) 113 +/- 7 bouts, each lasting 40 +/- 7 s. Voluntary running depressed the rate of body weight gain compared with sedentary control rats, despite an increased food and water intake for all runners. Furthermore, drinking activity was temporally associated with running periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes (1988)

Eight patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Median age was 34.5 years and ranged between 3 and 45. FAB diagnosis was refractory anaemia (RA) in three, RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) in four and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t) in one case. Four patients were prepared with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation whilst the other four received busulphan and cyclophosphamide. Engraftment was documented in seven of eight patients. Two patients died from complications related to the procedure. One had early veno-occlusive disease of the liver whilst the other died 46 months after BMT from pulmonary fibrosis. One patient died from recurrent disease 11 months after BMT. Five patients are alive and in complete remission 9-35 months post-transplantation. Four of these patients have a Karnofsky score greater than or equal to 90%. These results suggest that BMT can induce prolonged disease-free survival in patients under 50 years of age. If a compatible donor is available, marrow transplantation should be seriously considered in the treatment of MDS.
1,6-Anhydro-2-iodo-2-deoxy-β-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranose (Iodolevoglucosan) (2005)

The molecular structure of the title compound, C6H9IO4, is similar to that of 1,6-an­hydro-β-d-gluco­pyran­ose. The crystal packing shows strong intermolecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯I hydrogen bonds.
Towards a rational design of resolving agents. Part IV. Crystal packing analyses and molecular mechanics calculations for five pairs of diastereomeric salts of ephedrine and a cyclic phosphoric acid (1992)

Abstract Detailed structural studies of five pairs of diastereomeric salts of ephedrine and halogen‐substituted chiral cyclic phosphoric acids indicate a correlation between the efficiency of the resolution process and the lattice energy difference between the salts of a diastereomeric pair. Attempts to model such a correlation quantitatively by lattice energy calculations with Molecular Mechanics (MM) methods have not yet been successful. The MM techniques proved unable to reproduce the crystal structures with sufficient accuracy. However, the results of the analyses qualitatively support the presumed correlation, and show that the five resolutions are directed by different acid‐base interactions in the hydrophobic layers.
Inflammatory cytokine profile and plasticity of brain and spinal microglia in response to ATP and glutamate (2020)

Abstract Microglia are the primary cells in the central nervous system that identify and respond to injury or damage. Such a perturbation in the nervous system induces the release of molecules including ATP and glutamate that act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are detected by microglia, which then regulate the inflammatory response in a manner sensitive to their surrounding environment. The available data indicates that ATP and glutamate can induce the release of pro inflammatory factors TNF (tumor necrosis factor), IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta) and NO (nitric oxide) from microglia. However, non-physiological concentrations of ATP and glutamate were often used to derive these insights. Here, we have compared the response of spinal cord microglia (SM) relative to brain microglia (BM) using physiologically relevant concentrations of glutamate and ATP that mimic injured conditions in the central nervous system. The data show that ATP and glutamate are not significant modulators of the release of cytokines from either BM or SM. Consistent with previous studies, spinal microglia exhibited a general trend towards reduced release of inflammatory cytokines relative to brain-derived microglia. Moreover, we demonstrate that the responses of microglia to these DAMPs can be altered by modifying the biochemical milieu in their surrounding environment. Preconditioning brain derived microglia with media from spinal cord derived mixed glial cultures shifted their release of IL-ß, IL-6 and IL-10 to a less inflammatory phenotype consistent with a spinal microglia.
Silicon nanowire based radio-frequency spectrum analyser (2010)

We demonstrate a silicon nanowire based radio frequency spectrum analyser based on cross-phase modulation. We show that the device is accurate, with cross-chirp from photogenerated free-carriers negligible and measure RF spectra for 640Gbaud on-off-keyed data.
Formation-Tester-While-Drilling Experience in Caspian Development Projects (2005)

Abstract A new formation-tester-while-drilling tool (FTWD) introduced to the Chirag field, in the Caspian Sea, in December 2003 has resulted in significant time savings. As of 1 December 2004, it had been run in two additional wells at Chirag, including the longest well with the greatest step out drilled to date in the Caspian region. Prior its use in this particular well, the tool had been qualified by comparison to wireline measurements which have established its ability to make accurate formation pressure measurements in the high-permeability formations of the field. Use of the tool has involved improvement and optimization of test procedures to consider better depth control, the possibility of stuck pipe risk, and mud cake integrity. Recent Caspian experience has also included the use of a new 8-in. diameter multi-drawdown version of the tool at the Central Azeri field. The Chirag field has been producing since 1997 and has been under water flood since 1999. To date, the Pereriv reservoir has produced over 300 million BO from 14 wells. Current oil production is 142 thousand BOPD, and water injection is 135 thousand BWPD. The reservoir is in a very dynamic state, and FTWD pressure data are critical to reservoir management. Specifically, layer pressure data is used to tune the reservoir simulator, monitor injection response, and map dynamic fluid gradients in the field. This paper focuses on experience from the use of GeoTap tool compared to wireline tester results at the subject fields including highlights of operational learning points.
Transformer Design Principles: With Applications to Core-Form Power Transformers (2001)

Transformer Design Principles presents the theory of transformer operation and the methods and techniques of designing them. It emphasizes the physical principles and mathematical tools for simulating transformer behavior, including modern computer techniques. The scope of the book includes types of construction, circuit analysis, mechanical aspects of design, high voltage insulation requirements, and cooling design. The authors also address test procedures and reliability methods to assure successful design and discuss the economic analysis of designs. Summarizing material currently scattered
San Juan Fracture Characterization Project: Status and current results (2001)

San Juan Fracture Characterization Project: Status and Current Results E.L. Majer, T.M. Daley, L.R. Myer, K. Nihei Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory H.B. Lynn Lynn, Inc M.A. Imhof and R. Wilson Virginia Tech J. Queen, J. Sinton, J. Murphy, M. Fortuna - Conoco, Inc
Current Distribution in the Various Functional Areas of a 600V SiC MPS Diode in Forward Operation (2012)

The forward current distribution in SiC 600V merged pn-Schottky (MPS) diodes is visualized with the help of emission microscopy at various current densities. It is shown how the light emission develops with increasing current densities and extends from the Schottky contact areas into the pn junction areas. Large p + -regions e.g. in the edge termination contribute first by minority carrier injection, whereas the smaller p + hexagonal cells and the p + grid follow subsequently.
205 IMMERSIVE HIGH-FIDELITY SIMULATOR-BASED TEACHING FOR ANESTHESIOLOGY NURSING STUDENTS RESULTS IN STEADY PERFORMANCE PATTERNS IN TRAINEES. (2006)

<h3>Purpose</h3> The purpose of this project was to develop an immersive high-fidelity simulator-based, context-specific course for training anesthesia nursing students to effectively function in the stressful operating room (OR) environment. <h3>Methods</h3> Teaching sessions occurred in a fully equipped virtual OR. We used a student-focused high-fidelity simulator-based method of teaching based on the principles of adult learning. The following interactive scenarios comprised the course: simple intravenous induction into anesthesia, thermal injury with smoke inhalation, multiple trauma with tension pneumothorax and internal bleeding, intraoperative wheezing due to bronchial asthma exacerbation, intraoperative anaphylactic reaction, malignant hypothermia, and intraoperative septic shock. Students9 critical thinking and clinical interventions determined the outcomes of the cases. To produce steady changes in clinical behaviors, we exposed the students to each case multiple times slightly modifying the patients9 profiles. The students perceived each case as a new one. We assessed performance by direct observation and filling out case-specific assessment forms. The students worked on cases in random order as many times as was needed to develop steady clinical behavioral patterns that reflected best clinical practices. We followed each session with a guided debriefing during which the students reflected on their performances. <h3>Results</h3> As the course progressed, we observed several phenomena in students9 behavior: developing of suspension of disbelief during the sessions, more objective assessment of personal skills and knowledge, more effective management of the OR stress, more efficient disintegrating complex problems into the smaller components, more effective prioritizing of objectives in a dynamically changing environment, shifting from external to internal gratification, internalization of clinical concepts and demonstrating steady behavioral patterns resulting in the successful outcomes of simulated cases. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Multiple exposures to the authentic dynamic and highly interactive simulation cases in the immersive environment result in steady improvement of clinical behaviors. Our future plans include expanding the variety of cases and developing the instruments to objectively measure clinical performances.
A "New" Antigen inLeukemia Sera (2015)

TheAustralia isfoundinthe sera of somenor¬ malindividualsfrom foreignpopulations. The total absence ofthe antigen fromthe sera of normal UnitedStatessub¬ jects andits relativelyhighfrequency in acute leukemia sug¬ gests thatthe presence ofthe antigen may be ofvaluein the diagnosis of early acute leukemia.Whetherthe antigen results from or precedes theleukemia process remains to be seen.
CMOS compatible metal-insulator-metal plasmonic perfect absorbers (2016)

International audience
Point mutations in TOR confer Rheb-independent growth in fission yeast and nutrient-independent mammalian TOR signaling in mammalian cells (2007)

Rheb is a unique member of the Ras superfamily GTP-binding proteins. We as well as others previously have shown that Rheb is a critical component of the TSC/TOR signaling pathway. In fission yeast, Rheb is encoded by the rhb1 gene. Rhb1p is essential for growth and directly interacts with Tor2p. In this article, we report identification of 22 single amino acid changes in the Tor2 protein that enable growth in the absence of Rhb1p. These mutants also exhibit decreased mating efficiency. Interestingly, the mutations are located in the C-terminal half of the Tor2 protein, clustering mainly within the FAT and kinase domains. We noted some differences in the effect of a mutation in the FAT domain (L1310P) and in the kinase domain (E2221K) on growth and mating. Although the Tor2p mutations bypass Rhb1p's requirement for growth, they are incapable of suppressing Rhb1p's requirement for resistance to stress and toxic amino acids, pointing to multiple functions of Rhb1p. In mammalian systems, we find that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) carrying analogous mutations (L1460P or E2419K), although sensitive to rapamycin, exhibits constitutive activation even when the cells are starved for nutrients. These mutations do not show significant difference in their ability to form complexes with Raptor, Rictor, or mLST8. Furthermore, we present evidence that mutant mTOR can complex with wild-type mTOR and that this heterodimer is active in nutrient-starved cells.
High-performance chip reliability from short-time-tests-statistical models for optical interconnect and HCI/TDDB/NBTI deep-submicron transistor failures (2002)

In high-performance chips, both Bragg gratings (used for signal separation in multi-signal optical interconnect alternatives to copper interconnect architectures) and deep-submicron transistors fail when the stress-induced activation of the performance enhancing hydrogen in the amorphous oxide generates enough defects to significantly degrade performance. By making an analogy to the more mature theory of Bragg gratings, disorder-induced variations in the activation (generation) energies of the defects, are shown to be a sufficient explanation for the sub-linear time dependence of HCI (hot carrier induced degradation), TDDB (time dependent dielectric [soft/hard] breakdown) and NBTI (negative bias temperature instability) deep-submicron transistor degradation modes. We then show that for all these degradation modes, Weibull (not lognormal as is sometimes assumed) intrinsic failure-time distributions result from the variations in defect activation energies and that the short-time device degradation can be used to extract tails of these semi-symmetric Weibull failure-time distributions. This also explains why Arrhenius defect generation rates yield nonArrhenius MTF in small devices. Combining the resulting failure statistics with a novel qualification methodology, "latent failures" can be avoided through design changes implemented for reliability.