gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remission Rates With 3 Consecutive Antidepressant Trials (2005)

Remission rates in the effectiveness study are approximately 20% higher than the rates usually cited, a result of our choice to examine outcome following 3 treatment trials. This choice is dictated by good clinical practice. The usual procedure when comparing treatment modalities is to assess outcome after a single anti-depressant trial. The cumulative high remission rates suggest antidepressants are effective and should encourage more patients to seek treatment and physicians to develop techniques to improve patient adherence.
Body armour with integral high impedance surface (2011)

This paper describes the performance of high impedance surfaces (HIS) integrated into body armour equipment. A protective insert made of Aramid material and a metallic woven layer is used as the dielectric material with a metallic ground plane of the HIS. The frequency selective layer added to create the high impedance surface consists of a 15x15 array of interwoven spiral elements capable of reducing size of the cell by over 98% compare to the typical square patch element. The HIS has been designed to operate at around the 400MHz band TETRA employed by the police and emergency services in Europe. The HIS is able to improve the matching of the antenna by over 7dB compared to the antenna mounted directly on the armour vest. The paper includes simulations and experiments.
Leaf Peltate Glandular Trichomes of<i>Vernonia galamensis</i>ssp.<i>galamensis</i>var.<i>ethiopica</i>Gilbert: Development, Ultrastructure, and Chemical Composition (2008)

Plants from the genus Vernonia produce a variety of flavonoids and bitter sesquiterpene lactones important for agriculture and human health. Leaf glandular trichomes of Vernonia galamensis ssp. galamensis var. ethiopica Gilbert (VGAE) were investigated for ultrastructural development and content composition because sesquiterpene lactones that impart a bitter taste to the leaves have been associated with the presence of these glands. Trichome ultrastructure was examined using LM, SEM, and TEM. Glands were removed from the leaf surface, and the chemical composition of gland contents was determined using HPLC and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Immature and mature 10‐celled peltate biseriate glandular trichomes were present only at the abaxial side of the leaf. A large subcuticular space (head) developed from the most distal cell pair of the mature trichome and gradually filled with an osmiophillic substance. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the peltate trichome is a major source of prevernocistifolide‐8‐O‐isobutyrate. This glaucolide‐type sesquiterpene lactone was previously identified as a major constituent of the aerial parts of VGAE.
Optical discrete solitons in waveguide arrays I Soliton formation (2002)

We investigate the generation of discrete spatial solitons in arrays of coupled waveguides. Light was launched into the center of the array, and different beam sizes and array geometries were tested. At low power, the propagating field spreads as it couples to more waveguides. When the intensity is increased, localization is observed around the input waveguides, leading to the formation of a discrete soliton. For wide input beams, exciting a few waveguides, soliton splitting, which is due to instability induced by multiphoton absorption, is observed. All of these effects are described well by a coupled-mode formalism.
Canopy Structure, Light Interception, and Photosynthesis in Maize (2003)

The amount and distribution of leaf area and leaf angles in a crop canopy determine how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is intercepted and consequently influences canopy photosynthesis and yield. Factors such as plant shape, plant populations, and row width will affect these leaf distributions and can occur in an almost infinite number of different combinations. To supplement experimentation, a mathematical model was developed to use measurements of leaf area and leaf angles in two dimensions (with height and across the row) to calculate PAR interception and canopy photosynthesis. Maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids with phenotypic differences were planted at several plant populations to produce a wide range of two‐dimensional leaf area and leaf angle patterns. The extreme phenotypes, leafy and reduced stature , were included to vary plant height and number of leaves above the ear. Measurements of average PAR at various levels were made in seven different canopies and compared with calculations from the model ( R 2 of 0.68 and 0.92 for two sets of data). As well, measurements of PAR at 20‐cm increments on transects perpendicular to the row were made in three canopy types at three levels and compared with theoretical calculations ( R 2 = 0.74). A simple numerical experiment was run to demonstrate the utility of the model where daily canopy photosynthesis was calculated for two row widths and seven plant types. One result was that depending on row widths, plants with very upright leaves can have both the smallest and largest daily canopy photosynthesis.
SENSING AND CONTROL TO ENHANCE THE SAFETY OF HEAVY VEHICLES (1995)

The University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MNDOT) are working to improve the safety of heavy trucks on rural highways. The goal is to investigate how reductions in roadway departure accidents can be achieved by integrating emerging sensing and control technologies into a guidance control system that will operate a vehicle in case the driver falls asleep at the wheel. This controller will achieve lateral and longitudinal control of a semi tractor-trailer experimental platform, which is based on a Navistar 9400 series tractor. Vehicle navigation will be based on a differential global positioning system (DGPS) with a bandwidth of 5 Hz and accuracy better than 20 cm CEP. Complementing the DGPS will be an inertial measurement unit and dead reckoning package. The objective is to implement, test, and optimize a Kalman filter based controller, integrating inertial measurements and DGPS data for lateral and longitudinal control of the truck while navigating on the road. The 3.9 km closed course portion of the MNDOT pavement test facility serves as initial proving grounds for the technology. The vehicle control system will be tested and evaluated to ensure that it is robust and reliable under a wide range of operating conditions. The following tasks are currently ongoing: 1) evaluating the DGPS as to its dynamic accuracy, its error covariance, and its bandwidth; and 2) evaluating the truck's dynamic models by performing a series of parameter identification tests on the Navistar truck.
Effect of Ebstein's anomaly on short- and long-term outcome of surgically treated patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. (1992)

Patients with Ebstein's anomaly are improved significantly after accessory pathway ablation. The presence of this anomaly should not preclude accessory pathway ablation in these patients.
Rapid Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate by an Iridium Pincer Catalyst Immobilized on Carbon Nanotube Electrodes (2014)

Abstract An iridium pincer dihydride catalyst was immobilized on carbon nanotube‐coated gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) by using a non‐covalent binding strategy. The as‐prepared GDEs are efficient, selective, durable, gas permeable electrodes for electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to formate. High turnover numbers (ca. 54 000) and turnover frequencies (ca. 15 s −1 ) were enabled by the novel electrode architecture in aqueous solutions saturated in CO 2 with added HCO 3 − .
Developmental Changes in Action Potential Prolongation by K+-Channel Blockers in Chick Myocardium (2011)

The effects of K(+)-channel blockers on the action potential duration of the myocardium were examined in isolated right ventricles from the 7 - 10-day-old, 11 - 13-day-old, and 14 - 20-day-old embryo and 1 - 7-day-old hatched chicks. E-4031 significantly prolonged action potential duration at all developmental stages examined; the prolongation was largest in the 11 - 13-day-old embryo and was accompanied by early after-depolarizations. Chromanol 293B showed smaller prolongation at all stages examined. Terfenadine prolonged action potential duration in the 11 - 13-day-old embryo, but not in other stages. Thus, the chick ventricular myocardium changes its repolarization properties during development.
Coupling a Discrete Transfer Method to a View Factors Technique for Radiative Heat Transfer Modeling in Industrial Furnaces (2005)

Air Liquide has been involved in the design of industrial furnaces (glass melting, reheating, aluminum, …) for several years. Thanks to that experience, known-how and expertise in modeling such applications have been developed. Dedicated simulation tools — 0D for global heat and mass balance, 1D for the prediction of longitudinal temperature profiles and 3D for detailed analysis — have been built. Each of them is very helpful when used relevantly and offers numerous opportunities at each step of the design of a furnace. In such kind of applications, the temperature levels are very high (up to 2500 K). As a consequence it is very crucial to simulate the radiative heat transfer as accurately as possible. This requires the use of a radiation model that can take into account complex geometries, non-isothermal media and various gas mixture compositions. Very often, three-dimensional simulations are necessary and reduction to smaller dimension problems is difficult or inadequate. The present paper introduces a new radiation model for computing two-dimensionally radiative heat transfer in an industrial furnace with a piecewise distributed load. To reduce the three-dimensional problem to two dimensions, the method consists in coupling the 2D radiation transport equation to a boundary condition based on view factors through an imaginary plane to homogenize the radiative behavior of the load surface. A solution procedure using the discrete transfer method associated to a weighted-sum-of-gray-gases database to deal with absorption and emission of a CO2-H2O mixture is proposed. Simulation results are finally compared to an analytical formula and then to a full-3D approach taking into account participating media, non-isothermal and gray walls. All tests show that this model can be used to simulate industrial configurations with a good accuracy.
Verifying Fingerprint MatchbyLocalCorrelation Methods (2007)

Mostfingerprint matching algorithms arebased onfinding correspondences betweenminutiae intwofinger- prints. Inthispaperwe present a modification ofminutiae matching method, whichutilizes correlation scores between thelocal neighborhood areasofcorresponding minutiae pairs andtheedgesthatconnect neighboring matchedminutiae pairs. Minutiae basedmatching approach considers theoverall minutiae distribution pattern betweenthetwofingerprints. Neighborhood correlation scorerepresents thelocal similar- itybetween thematchedpairofminutiae. Edgecorrelation scoregives theresemblance ofareasthatinbetween thetwo corresponding minutiae pairs. Thus,boththeglobal minutiae distribution structure andthelocal matching similarity between thetwofingerprints areconsidered forfinal decision. The described matching approach hasbeentested onFVC2002's DB1andDB3database. Theexperimental results confirm the effectiveness ofcombining matching scores ofdifferent origin - minutia matching score andlocal correlation matching scores. I.INTRODUCTION Because ofitspermanence andindividuality, fingerprint isoneofthemostusedbiometric currently usedforindi- vidual identification inapplications suchasaccess control. Fingerprint verification istheprocess ofcomparing test and enrolled skinridge impressions fromfingers todetermine iftheimpressions arefromthesamefinger. Theflexibility ofthefingerprint ridge skinmeansthat notwofingerprints areeverexactly alike, eveniftwoimpressions arerecorded immediately after eachother. Somefactors that makefinger- print matching verydifficult arethevarying darkness level caused bythechanging finger pressure andskincondition, thenon-linear distortion caused bytheelasticity oftheskin, therotation andpartial overlap caused bytheenrollment etc. Manyfingerprint matching algorithms havebeendeveloped forthepurpose ofidentification andrecognition during past years. We candistinguish three mainfingerprint matching tech- niques. Thefirst technique isaminutiae basedmatching. Minutiae aredefined asthediscontinuities oftheridges of thefingerprint. Givenafingerprint image, after appropriate imagepre-processing, enhancement, segmentation, minutiae points canbeextracted through different minutiae detection algorithm. Usually, minutiae arerepresented byatuple of values including itscoordinates, theridge direction and thetypeofendings. Through approaches ofpoint pattern matching, minutia based matching canbeimplemented. Var- iousminutiae based matching systems havebeendeveloped. Prabhakar etal.(1)perform aminutiae verification andclas- sification through afeedback pathforthefeature extraction The authorsare with the Centerfor UnifiedBiomet- rics and Sensors(CUBS),University at Buffalo, USA
HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS DETERMINED BY HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY (2005)

The nucleosome is the basic structural unit of eukariotic chromosomes and consists of a DNA molecule associated with a histone octamer comprised of pairs of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The nucleosomes are joined by linker DNA and histone1 to form chromatin. Histones play an important role in transcription, DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination. Post-translational modification of specific residues in the core histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc.) has been demonstrated to be critical to their regulatory function. In particular acetylation is a very specific phenomenon with various isoforms playing distinct roles. Increased acetylation is generally correlated with transcriptionally active or poised genes. Histone deacetylases’ inhibitors (short chain fatty acids, such as sodium butyrate, hydroxamic acids such as thrichostatin A) have been described as potential cancer therapeutics in a variety of preclinical studies. Inhibitors’ treatment of cells resulted in the increase of highly acetylated isoforms of the histones, which affect gene expression, cell differentiation and apoptosis. \nIt is here described the application of reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography under gradient conditions and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyse global modification levels of core histones.
Model for scanning tunneling optical microscopy: A microscopic self-consistent approach (1990)

A general method based on a microscopic picture of matter is developed in order to describe the optical interaction between a thin dielectric tip and a corrugated sample lighted in total reflection. Such a model is expected to interpret recent images obtained from scanning tunneling optical microscopy (steps, infinite tracks, glass plate with local scratches). The conversion of evanescent waves into homogeneous propagating ones is studied from a molecular-physics perspective (multipolar interactions between each atom of the tip and of the object). Our approach is concerned with the study of subwavelength details lying at the surface of a transparent medium. So, instead of solving the macroscopic Maxwell equations and applying the corresponding boundary conditions at the surface of the tip and of the object, we prefer a microscopic treatment in which the dielectric surrounding is taken into account from a set of dynamical matrices introducing all correlations between each elementary volume inside the object. Relations with experiments are discussed.
An ultrasonic metallic Fabry–Pérot metamaterial for use in water (2020)

Fabry-Pérot ultrasonic metamaterials have been additively manufactured using laser powder bed fusion to contain subwavelength holes with a high aspect-ratio of width to depth. Such metamaterials require the acoustic impedance mismatch between the structure and the immersion medium to be large. It is shown for the first time that metallic structures fulfil this criterion for applications in water over the 200–800 kHz frequency range. It is also demonstrated that laser powder bed fusion is a flexible fabrication method for the ceration of structures with different thicknesses, hole geometry and tapered openings, allowing the acoustic properties to be modified. It was confirmed via both finite element simulation and practical measurements that these structures supported Fabry-Pérot resonances, needed for metamaterial operation, at ultrasonic frequencies in water. It was also demonstrated the the additively-manufactured structures detected the presence of a sub-wavelength slit aperture in water.
Efficient Epoxidation of Styrene Derivatives by a Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complex via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer with Triflic Acid (2015)

Styrene derivatives are not oxidized by [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) (N4Py = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) in acetonitrile at 298 K, whereas epoxidation of styrene derivatives by the iron(IV)-oxo complex occurs efficiently in the presence of triflic acid (HOTf) via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from styrene derivatives to the diprotonated species of [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) with HOTf. Logarithms of the first-order rate constants of HOTf-promoted expoxidation of styrene derivatives with [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) and PCET from electron donors to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) in the precursor complexes exhibit a remarkably unified correlation with the driving force of PCET in light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer when the differences in the formation constants of precursor complexes are taken into account. The same PCET driving force dependence is obtained for the first-order rate constants of HOTf-promoted oxygen atom transfer from thioanisols to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) and HOTf-promoted hydrogen atom transfer from toluene derivatives to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) in the precursor complexes. Thus, HOTf-promoted epoxidation of styrene derivatives by [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) proceeds via the rate-determining electron transfer from styrene derivatives to the diprotonated species of [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+), as shown in the reactions of HOTf-promoted oxygen atom transfer from thioanisols to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) and HOTf-promoted hydrogen atom transfer from toluene derivatives to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+).
A universal asymptotic regime in the hyperbolic nonlinear Schr\\"odinger\n equation (2016)

The appearance of a fundamental long-time asymptotic regime in the two space\none time dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Schr\\"odinger (HNLS) equation is\ndiscussed. Based on analytical and extensive numerical simulations an\napproximate self-similar solution is found for a wide range of initial\nconditions -- essentially for initial lumps of small to moderate energy. Even\nrelatively large initial amplitudes, which imply strong nonlinear effects,\neventually lead to local structures resembling those of the self-similar\nsolution, with appropriate small modifications. These modifications are\nimportant in order to properly capture the behavior of the phase of the\nsolution. This solution has aspects that suggest it is a universal attractor\nemanating from wide ranges of initial data.\n
Frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity of MClO4 (M = K, Rb, Cs) compounds (1980)

The frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity of potassium perchlorate, rubidium perchlorate, and cesium perchlorate is discussed. Frequencies in the range 50 Hz to 1 kHz and temperatures from ambient to ≈ 620 K are included for this study. Similarities and differences in the temperature- and frequency-dependent electrical conductivity behavior of the above compounds and the effect of ionic radii on the activation energies for charge carrier transport are highlighted in the present study. Es wird die Frequenzabhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von Kaliumperchlorat, Rubidium-perchlorat und Cäsiumperchlorat diskutiert. Dabei werden Frequenzen im Bereich von 50 Hz bis 1 kHz und Temperaturen von Zimmertemperatur bis ≈ 620 K benutzt. Åhnlichkeiten und Unterschiede der Temperatur- und Frequenzabhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der erwähnten Verbindungen und der Einfluß der Ionenradien auf die Aktivierungsenergien für den Ladungs-trägertransport werden in der Untersuchung herausgestellt.
El proceso de organofilización de vidrios para su aplicación en materiales compuestos (1991)

espanolDesde su introduccion en 1940, los materiales compuestos de matrices plasticas reforzadas con fibras de vidrio se han desarrollado como materiales de altas prestaciones. Las propiedades de estos materiales estan relacionadas con la union que exista entre sus constituyentes. Para potenciar esta union se hace necesaria la utilizacion de los agentes de acoplamiento o adherencia cuya mision consiste en modificar la adhesion superficial generando una interfase diferente. En este trabajo se revisan los diferentes tipos de agentes de acoplamiento, la modificacion que producen sobre los refuerzos en los que se utilizan, los factores que influyen en esta funcion asi como las diferentes teorias de enlace en la interfase EnglishSince the 1940 the composites with plastic matrices reinforced with glass fibres have been developed as high performance materials. The properties of these materials are related to the bonding of components. In order to improve this bonding it is necessary the use of cowpling or adherent agents whose mission is to modify the surface adherence, giving rise to a different interphase. This paper reviews the different coupling agents, the variation that they produce in the bonding, the factors which affect this bonding and the bonding theories of interphase
Biodegradable Microparticles for Simultaneous Detection of Counterfeit and Deteriorated Edible Products (2017)

In an era of globalized trade relations where food and pharmaceutical products cross borders effortlessly, consumers face counterfeit and deteriorated products at elevated rates. This paper presents multifunctional, biodegradable hydrogel microparticles that can provide information on the authenticity and the potential deterioration of the tagged food or pharmaceutical formulations. These microparticles integrate spatially patterned authenticity code with two sensors-the first one detects possible presence of pathogenic microbes through monitoring pH while the second one identifies products stored above optimal temperatures via optical monitoring of the microparticle degradation. Particles are synthesized from a biocompatible polymer and a photoinitiator, dextran modified with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and riboflavin, respectively, using a continuous, high throughput method stop-flow lithography. The proposed synthesis approach also enables crosslinking with visible light bringing about additional flexibility to flow lithography. Model liquid and solid food and pharmaceutical products are successfully labeled with microparticles and the functionality of the sensors in aqueous solutions is demonstrated.