gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficiency compact grating coupler for integrated optical circuits (2006)

The area of integrated optical circuits has been undergoing rapid development and will have huge potential in the future due to the important applications of fiber communication systems and optical interconnects. A significant challenge of optical circuits lies in increasing circuit density while miniaturizing the devices. Couplers are important parts in integrated optical circuit and high efficiency compact couplers are in great demand. We report here the binary blazed grating coupler that can commendably solve these problems. The binary blazed grating is composed of subwavelength pillars with uniform height, which can be easily fabricated by only one etching step. It is found that this element substantially outperforms standard grating. Because of its high coupling efficiency and compact structure, the binary blazed grating coupler exhibits excellent performance in fiber-to-waveguide/waveguide-to-fiber coupling, waveguide-to-waveguide coupling, chip-to-chip vertical coupling, etc. In this paper, a basic design principle of the binary blazed grating coupler is presented, and some improved structures to enhance the coupling efficiency are proposed and estimated. The FDTD method is utilized to simulate and design the binary blazed grating operated under TE polarization for 1.55μm. With our optimization design, the coupling efficiency can be largely increased.
On kinematic waves II. A theory of traffic flow on long crowded roads (1955)

Abstract This paper uses the method of kinematic waves, developed in part I, but may be read independently. A functional relationship between flow and concentration for traffic on crowded arterial roads has been postulated for some time, and has experimental backing (§2). From this a theory of the propagation of changes in traffic distribution along these roads may be deduced (§§2, 3). The theory is applied (§4) to the problem of estimating how a ‘hump’, or region of increased concentration, will move along a crowded main road. It is suggested that it will move slightly slower than the mean vehicle speed, and that vehicles passing through it will have to reduce speed rather suddenly (at a ‘shock wave’) on entering it, but can increase speed again only very gradually as they leave it. The hump gradually spreads out along the road, and the time scale of this process is estimated. The behaviour of such a hump on entering a bottleneck, which is too narrow to admit the increased flow, is studied (§5), and methods are obtained for estimating the extent and duration of the resulting hold-up. The theory is applicable principally to traffic behaviour over a long stretch of road, but the paper concludes (§6) with a discussion of its relevance to problems of flow near junctions, including a discussion of the starting flow at a controlled junction. In the introductory sections 1 and 2, we have included some elementary material on the quantitative study of traffic flow for the benefit of scientific readers unfamiliar with the subject.
Securing Wireless Communication Using RF Fingerprinting (2021)

Recently, RF fingerprinting has become an arousing and emerging technology in identifying multiple wireless devices. The method is also believed to have a strong impact on its applications in the wireless security system. Security has always been a critical issue for wireless devices including in the application of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). For instance, Media Access Control (MAC) spoofing which is a malicious technique of changing a factory-assigned MAC address of a Network Interface Card (NIC) installed in a device. Due to this issue, this study suggests on making use of a network device's unique RF fingerprint obtained from its raw baseband IQ samples to identify the transmitting radio. For WLAN, as RF fingerprinting is a physical layer security implementation, WLAN physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) which contains L-LTF in preamble is extracted. Particularly, the RF fingerprinting process includes deep learning of convolutional neural network (CNN) as a classifier. The neural network is used to train a model by tuning and test-validation test before finalizing it as a final model for classification method for a security system.
LOCALIZATION CORRECTIONS FOR MOBILE LASER SCANNER USING LOCAL SUPPORT-BASED OUTLIER FILTERING (2016)

Abstract. Following the pioneering work introduced in [Lehtola et al., ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 99, 2015, pp. 25–29], we extend the state-of-the-art intrinsic localization solution for a single two-dimensional (2D) laser scanner from one into (quasi) three dimensions (3D). By intrinsic localization, we mean that no external sensors are used to localize the scanner, such as inertial measurement devices (IMU) or global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Specifically, the proposed method builds on a novel concept of local support-based filtering of outliers, which enables the use of six degrees-of-freedom (DoF) simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for the purpose of enacting appropriate trajectory corrections into the previous one-dimensional solution. Moreover, the local support-based filtering concept is platform independent, and is therefore likely to be widely generalizable. The here presented overall method is yet limited into quasi-3D by its inability to recover trajectories with steep curvature, but in the future, it may be further extended into full 3D.
Economic Outlook October 2008. (2008)

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Pathogenesis and histopathology of saccular aneurysms: review of the literature (1990)

In this paper, the major theories on the formation and growth of saccular aneurysms are reviewed on the basis of previous clinical, pathological and experimental studies. Which is the critical layer is still the focus of debate. Current ideas can be summarized as follows: most researchers think that disruption of the internal elastic lamina is an essential requirement for the creation of saccular aneurysms because it is this layer that provides most of the strength to the arterial wall, especially in cerebral arteries. Degeneration of this layer is a constant feature of all saccular aneurysms. A coexisting medial defect and haemodynamic stress at an apex may aggravate degeneration at that point. Hypertension does not seem to be the major factor in some aneurysm patients, but it may facilitate the formation and growth of saccular aneurysms. An atheroma is often associated with saccular aneurysms, but its effect on this pathological process is still unknown. Other factors are discussed concisely. Previous experimental methods and their results pertaining to the formation and growth of this type of aneurysm are also reviewed. A reproducible animal model is still required to allow various theories to be tested.
A TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP OF THE INNOVATION LANDSCAPE (2004)

This paper describes the construction and use of a topographical map of the innovation landscape. The purpose of the map is to provide a holistic view of the key factors that enable innovation (the so-called &apos;landmarks&apos;), how well they are aligned to support the particular type of innovation the organization needs to pursue, and to identify possible gaps. The landmarks are found in four strategic business directions, namely (1) change, (2) people, (3) resources, and (4) operations. The landscape covers four domains that influence innovation- the attributes of the individual, the organizational context in which he/she functions, the business environment (the market / industry in which the organization is operating) and the external environment. The significance (importance) and height (performance) of the landmarks in supporting and enabling innovation within the organization is determined by means of a self-appraisal audit. The topography of the landscape derived thus is subsequently interpreted in terms of the organization&apos;s particular strategy. The application of the innovation map is illustrated in three different organizations within the Chemicals as well as the Mining &amp; Metallurgy industries of South Africa. Our research in the private sector, and the innovation literature pertaining to the public sector, have suggested that the key factors that enable innovation do not differ substantially, provided the different contexts are taken into consideration. Therefore, we propose that this methodology, originally developed for the private sector, may be applied equally successfully in public sector organizations. 1.
Determining ADC effective number of bits via histogram testing (1991)

A new application for one of the widely known A/D converter (ADC) dynamic testing methods, namely the histogram method, is discussed. After computing the transition voltages of the ADC transfer characteristics, the effective number of bits is computed. Simulation shows that this method more accurately characterizes the ADC used for arbitrary input signals, compared to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and sine-fit methods which characterize the ADC in the light of an input sinusoid. The technique outperforms sinewave fitting as it gives more accurate results, while avoiding convergence problems of the iterative curve fitting algorithm. The FFT method was verified to be the least accurate. Simulation indications that the histogram method is better than the sine-fit method are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Denatured States of Tick Anticoagulant Peptide (1999)

In the presence of denaturant and thiol catalyst, a disulfide-containing protein denatures and converts to a mixture of scrambled isomers, which can be purified and structurally characterized. Scrambled isomers adopt a different conformation and a varied extent of unfolding. Their relative concentration (composition) signals the state of unfolding of the denatured protein and is determined by the denaturing condition. In this report, tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) (60 amino acids and 3 disulfides) has been denatured in the presence of urea, guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine thiocyanate, organic solvents, and at elevated temperature. The recoveries of scrambled TAP were analyzed. The results demonstrate that each denaturing condition generates a unique structure (composition of scrambled species) of denatured TAP. Among various species of scrambled TAP, the beads-form species contains the smallest disulfide loop and appears to represent the most extensively unfolded state. The yield of the beads-form species as a fraction of the total denatured TAP is invariably determined by the strength of the denaturing condition.
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1996 summary. (1997)

During 1996, an estimated 734.5 million visits were made to physician offices in the United States, an overall rate of 2.8 visits per person. One quarter of the NAMCS visits were made to general and family physicians, which was significantly higher than the other 13 specialties. Persons 75 years and over had the highest rate of physician office visits, 6.3 visits per person. Females had a significantly higher rate of visits to physicians offices than males did overall, as did white persons compared with black persons. Of all visits made to these offices in 1996, 87 percent were covered by some form of insurance, and 8.7 percent were paid "out-of-pocket." There were an estimated 87.6 million injury-related visits during 1996, or 33.1 visits per 100 persons. Three-quarters of these visits were for unintentional injuries.
The Accuracy and Coverage of Loran-C and of the Decca Navigator System — and the Fallacy of Fixed Errors (1992)

The proposal to develop an extensive North-West European Loran-C system, replacing many existing chains of the Decca Navigator System (DNS), has led to an intensive debate on the merits of the two navigation aids, especially in the United Kingdom. The paper reviews the principal sources of random and systematic position errors in the two systems. The wide range of DNS random errors, predominantly due to skywave interference, are compared with the Loran-C random errors, and typical coverage limits of acceptable repeatable accuracy are presented. The paper also identifies the factors which control the magnitudes of Loran-C and DNS systematic effects due to land paths. It demonstrates that differences between the two systems are substantially less than are predicted by simple models. Loran-C and DNS techniques for dealing with land paths are compared and the errors experienced by Loran users are shown to be reduced by modelling and publishing ASF values. This paper is based on a presentation made by the author at a technical symposium of the Wild Goose Association.
Superhydrophobic fabrics prepared by silica coating (2008)

\n\t\t\t\t\tIn this work, a silica sol prepared by co-hydrolysis and co-condensation of TEGS (Tetraethylrthosilicate) and alkyl silane under alkaline condition was applied to polyester, wool, and cotton fabrics. The water contact angle measurement indicated considerable increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the sol-treated fabrics. Five different alky silanes were used, namely methyltritthoxysilane (MTES), pheryl triethoxysilane (PTES), n-octyltricthoxysilane (OTES), hexadecyl trimethoxysilan (HDTMS), and tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane (FAS), and the water contact anglc (CA) for the coated fabrics ranged between 1300 and 174&deg;. The alkyl silane used influenced the CA valuc, and the silica coating from FAS, HDTMS and PTES snowed CA value greater than ISO', indicating the formation of superhydrophobicity. The fabric coated by the fluorinated silica (TEOS/FAS) has a water contact angle as high as 174&deg;. The treated polyester fabric showed a slightly higher CA value than the wool and cotton fabrics, under the same coating condition.<br />The coating surface was characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM, FTlR, XPS and AFM. The results showed that silica nanoparticles with thc sizc in the range of 50-ISOnm werc formed in the cohydrolyzed silica sol, and these particles had a core-shell structure with many alkyl groups gathering on the surface region. The formation of superhydrophobic surface was attributed to the nano-structured surface coating with a low surface energy.\n\t\t\t\t
Altered glucose metabolism rather than naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to vitamin D status in severe obesity (2014)

Given the inherent effect of obesity on vitamin D and glucose homeostasis, current data suggest a potential independent role for vitamin D in the regulation of glucose metabolism in a setting of obese patients previously unknown to harbour glucose metabolism abnormalities.
noWorkflow (2017)

We present noWorkflow, an open-source tool that systematically and transparently collects provenance from Python scripts, including data about the script execution and how the script evolves over time. During the demo, we will show how noWorkflow collects and manages provenance, as well as how it supports the analysis of computational experiments. We will also encourage attendees to use noWorkflow for their own scripts.
Misuse of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A Deadly New Trend (2017)

: Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) include various analogs of fentanyl and newly emerging non-fentanyl compounds. Together with illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), these drugs have caused a recent spike in overdose deaths, whereas deaths from prescription opioids have stabilized. NSOs are used as stand-alone products, as adulterants in heroin, or as constituents of counterfeit prescription medications. During 2015 alone, there were 9580 deaths from synthetic opioids other than methadone. Most of these fatalities were associated with IMF rather than diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl. In opioid overdose cases, where the presence of fentanyl analogs was examined, analogs were implicated in 17% of fatalities. Recent data from law enforcement sources show increasing confiscation of acetylfentanyl, butyrylfentanyl, and furanylfentanyl, in addition to non-fentanyl compounds such as U-47700. Since 2013, deaths from NSOs in the United States were 52 for acetylfentanyl, 40 for butyrylfentanyl, 128 for furanylfentanyl, and 46 for U-47700. All of these substances induce a classic opioid toxidrome, which can be reversed with the competitive antagonist naloxone. However, due to the putative high potency of NSOs and their growing prevalence, it is recommended to forgo the 0.4 mg initial dose of naloxone and start with 2 mg. Because NSOs offer enormous profit potential, and there is strong demand for their use, these drugs are being trafficked by organized crime. NSOs present major challenges for medical professionals, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers. Resources must be distributed equitably to enhance harm reduction though public education, medication-assisted therapies, and improved access to naloxone.
A Novel Major Facilitator Superfamily Protein at the Tonoplast Influences Zinc Tolerance and Accumulation in Arabidopsis (2007)

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required by all cells but is toxic in excess. We have identified three allelic Zn-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The gene, designated ZINC-INDUCED FACILITATOR1 (ZIF1), encodes a member of the major facilitator superfamily of membrane proteins, which are found in all organisms and transport a wide range of small, organic molecules. Shoots of zif1 mutants showed increased accumulation of Zn but not other metal ions. In combination with mutations affecting shoot-to-root Zn translocation, zif1 hma2 hma4 triple mutants accumulated less Zn than the wild type but remained Zn sensitive, suggesting that the zif1 Zn-sensitive phenotype is due to altered Zn distribution. zif1 mutants were also more sensitive to cadmium but less sensitive to nickel. ZIF1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions were expressed throughout the plant, with strongest expression in young tissues, and predominantly in the vasculature in older tissues. ZIF1 expression was highly induced by Zn and, to a lesser extent, by manganese. A ZIF1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localized to the tonoplast in transgenic plants. MTP1 has been identified as a tonoplast Zn transporter and a zif1-1 mtp1-1 double mutant was more sensitive to Zn than either of the single mutants, suggesting ZIF1 influences a distinct mechanism of Zn homeostasis. Overexpression of ZIF1 conferred increased Zn tolerance and interveinal leaf chlorosis in some transgenic lines in which ZIF1 expression was high. We propose that ZIF1 is involved in a novel mechanism of Zn sequestration, possibly by transport of a Zn ligand or a Zn ligand complex into vacuoles.
Universal pinching of 3D axisymmetric free-surface flow (1993)

We consider the viscous motion of an axisymmetric column of fluid with a free surface. The Navier-Stokes equation forms a singularity as the height of the fluid neck goes to zero. Close to pinchoff, the solutions have a scaling form characterized by a set of universal exponents. The shape of the neck and its velocity field is described by scaling functions, which we predict without adjustable parameters.
Delirium increases risk of death (2010)

A disorder affecting consciousness, delirium has core features of acute onset, inattention and fluctuation. There may also be psychiatric symptoms and disturbance of sleep-wake symptoms and psychomotor function. The pathophysiology of delirium is unclear but it is known to be under-diagnosed.
Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Prognostic Value and Staging Categories (2007)

RLN metastasis has a tendency to affect the DMFS rates of patients with NPC. Retropharyngeal node involvement has a negative effect on the prognosis of N(0) disease. RLN metastasis should be classified as N(1).
Polar body analysis: Possible pitfalls in preconception diagnosis of single gene and chromosome disorders (1994)

Journal Article Polar body analysis: Possible pitfalls in preconception diagnosis of single gene and chromosome disorders Get access J. Egozcue J. Egozcue Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 Bellaterra, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction, Volume 9, Issue 7, 1 July 1994, Page 1208, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138679 Published: 01 July 1994
Short-cut fused-peak resolution method for chromatograms (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShort-cut fused-peak resolution method for chromatogramsS. M. RobertsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 3, 502–507Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60311a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (563 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Three Dimensional Inextensible Lifting Membrane Wing-Experimental Results (1983)

Abstract : The results of a wind tunnel test program on an inextensible semi span membrane wing are presented. The wing was of triangular planform of 9.8 aspect ratio. The tests were run at a Reynolds number of 600,000. Observations and aerodynamic data were obtained for several wing configurations of camber and washout. The report presents the experimental data with a discussion and interpretation of the results. Originator-supplied keywords include: Aerodynamics, Lifting surfaces, Membrane wings, and Membrane structure.
Transformation of XML data using updates without side effects (2006)

One of the key technologies of XML data management is XQuery, the query language for both retrieving and transforming XML data. In the paper, limitations of the XQuery facilities for transforming XML data are discussed. It is shown that, for one important class of queries, XQuery expressions are too cumbersome and computationally inefficient. In the paper, it is suggested to extend the XQuery language by functional update expressions. From the syntax standpoint, such expressions are similar to expressions of XML update languages. However, they can be evaluated without side effects, which makes it possible to integrate them in XQuery in a natural way. The expressiveness of the extended language is demonstrated, and approaches to efficient implementation of the suggested extension are considered. In addition, the problem of arbitrary compositions of XML query and update expressions (the problem of nested update expressions) is discussed. The existing XML update languages are based, as a rule, on the XQuery language; however, the possibility of constructing arbitrary compositions of XQuery expressions and those of the XML update language is not provided. This impedes development of practical XML applications in the XQuery language. In the paper, an approach to solving the composition problem based on the use of functional update expressions is suggested. Possibilities of the implementation of the suggested extension are discussed.