gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Study on the Performance of Population-based Meta-Heuristics for Independent Batch Scheduling in Grid Systems (2011)

There has been a lot of research recently devoted to scheduling and resource allocation in Grid systems. Research efforts have been done in particular to the use of heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches in the design of efficient Grid schedulers. In this paper we present a comprehensive study on the performance of different population-based heuristic methods, namely Genetic Algorithms, Memetic Algorithms and Cellular Memetic Algorithms for the problem. The aim is to shed light on the advantages and limitations of different population based methods as well as their hybridization with local search methods, such as Tabu Search, when solving the multi-objective version of the problem under execution time restrictions of Grid schedulers. We considered a set of scenarios that represent a high variation regarding the size of entries and static/dynamic features aiming to judge on the robustness with regard to the quality of the solutions obtained by the considered methods. These scenarios are divided into static, which provides a single set of tasks and resources for each entry, and dynamic, using a grid simulator used to observe the behavior of heuristics in Grid environments in real time.
Word-Synchronous Optical Sampling of Periodically Repeated OTDM Data Words for True Waveform Visualization (2007)

An improved phase-locked loop (PLL) for versatile synchronization of a sampling pulse train to an optical data stream is presented. It enables optical sampling of the true waveform of repetitive high bit-rate optical time division multiplexed (OTDM) data words such as pseudorandom bit sequences. Visualization of the true waveform can reveal details, which cause systematic bit errors. Such errors cannot be inferred from eye diagrams and require word-synchronous sampling. The programmable direct-digital-synthesis circuit used in our novel PLL approach allows flexible adaption of virtually any problem-specific synchronization scenario, including those required for waveform sampling, for jitter measurements by slope detection, and for classical eye-diagrams. Phase comparison of the PLL is performed at 10-GHz OTDM base clock rate, leading to a residual synchronization jitter of less than 70 fs.
Cloning and insertional inactivation of Streptomyces argillaceus genes involved in the earliest steps of biosynthesis of the sugar moieties of the antitumor polyketide mithramycin (1997)

Two genes (mtmD and mtmE) were cloned and sequenced from the mithramycin producer Streptomyces argillaceus. Comparison with proteins in databases and enzymatic assays after expression in Escherichia coli showed that they encode a glucose-1-phosphate:TTP thymidylyl transferase and a TDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, respectively. The mtmD gene was inactivated by gene replacement, generating a nonproducing mutant that accumulates a tetracyclic compound designated premithramycinone. The identification of premithramycinone reveals new aspects of the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway and suggests that at least some glycosylations occur before breakage of the fourth ring.
Changes in Plasma IL-6, Plasma VEGF and Serum YKL-40 During Treatment with Etanercept and Methotrexate or Etanercept alone in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis despite Methotrexate Therapy (2009)

Changes in plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40 were determined in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during treatment with etanercept alone or in combination with methotrexate. Twenty-five patients with active RA (DAS28 >/= 3.2) were randomized to receive etanercept (25 mg sc. biweekly) plus methotrexate (n = 12) or etanercept alone (n = 13). Plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40 were determined by ELISA. The 3 biomarkers and DAS28 scores were evaluated at baseline and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment. At inclusion all patients had significantly (p < 0.001) elevated plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40 compared to healthy subjects. Eighteen patients responded to treatment (pooled data from both treatment groups), and they had significant (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) decreases in plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF, serum YKL-40, ESR and DAS28 after 4 weeks of treatment and throughout the study (except serum YKL-40 at week 16). Plasma IL-6 showed the largest reductions. Non-responders had unchanged biomarkers. At week 16 the patients with DAS28 < 3.2 had lower levels compared to baseline values in plasma IL-6 (p = 0.005), plasma VEGF (p = 0.014), and ESR (p = 0.024).Plasma IL-6, plasma VEGF and serum YKL-40, which reflect different aspects of the inflammatory process, may provide useful information regarding early differentiation of responders from non-responders.
Super-Penetrant Androgen Receptor: Overcoming Enzalutamide Sensitivity in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2016)

Abstract : Prostate cancer cells rely critically on the androgen receptor (AR) for initiation, growth and progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) -providing a compelling molecular basis for it as a therapeutic target. Enzalutamide or MDV3100, an AR antagonist, is now routinely used for the treatment of CRPC patients. Enzalutamide impedes both the nuclear translocation and chromatin recruitment of AR. However, recent studies reveal that while Enzalutamide provides palliative benefits, even the most responding patients relapsed within 2 years. AR, being a versatile transcriptional co-activator, interacts with critical proteins to adapt rapidly to androgen deprivation. In recent years, distinct AR modifications, have garnered considerable attention, primarily due to their direct correlation with pathogenic AR activation in CRPCs. Notably, some of these mechanisms confer both androgen-independence and anti-androgen resistance to PC cells -an underlying basis for their clinical association with hormone refractory and metastatic prostate cancers. The hypothesis is that CRPCs could endow super-penetrance to AR, via camouflaging it with post-translational marks. Modified AR can translocate to the nucleus in the presence of Enzalutamide due to its tight association with the modifying enzymes. Subsequently, super-penetrant phosphoAR, is recruited to the chromatin in an androgen independent manner to regulate distinct transcription program, making CRPC cells resistant to Enzalutamide treatment. Importantly, this proposal will use an innovative chemical proteomics- mass spectrometry based method to uncover novel targets and inhibitors to overcome Enzalutamide resistance of CRPCs. The objectives are; First, examine whether modifications in AR promote differential association with Enzalutamide. Second, determine whether Enzalutamide-bound phosphoAR translocates to the nucleus and is recruited to the AR- target gene promoters.
Metabolism of Natural Volatile Compounds by Strawberry Fruit (1996)

As part of experiments to evaluate naturally occurring volatile compounds as fumigants to reduce microbial populations, especially pathogenic fungi on strawberry fruit, several test compounds were found to be metabolized by the fruit to yield additional volatile compounds. The natural products used as fumigants comprised alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and hydrocarbons and were tested with fruit in closed containers at refrigeration (2−4 °C) temperatures. The three principal types of volatile metabolites formed by strawberry fruit as determined by GC and GC−MS analyses of headspace vapor samples were esters produced from aliphatic alcohols [e.g., (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate from (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol], alcohols formed by the reduction of aliphatic aldehydes (e.g., 1-hexanol from hexanal), and saturated products from reduction of carbon−carbon double bonds conjugated with an aldehyde or ketone carbonyl moiety [e.g., 2-nonanone from (E)-3-nonen-2-one]. Metabolic pathways leading to the formation of the volatile products and applications for the metabolites are discussed. Keywords: Strawberry; volatile compounds; flavor; antimicrobial compounds; Botrytis
Use of a Quantum Computer and the Quick Medical Reference To Give an Approximate Diagnosis (2008)

The Quick Medical Reference (QMR) is a compendium of statistical knowledge connecting diseases to findings (symptoms). The information in QMR can be represented as a Bayesian network. The inference problem (or, in more medical language, giving a diagnosis) for the QMR is to, given some findings, find the probability of each disease. Rejection sampling and likelihood weighted sampling (a.k.a. likelihood weighting) are two simple algorithms for making approximate inferences from an arbitrary Bayesian net (and from the QMR Bayesian net in particular). Heretofore, the samples for these two algorithms have been obtained with a conventional "classical computer". In this paper, we will show that two analogous algorithms exist for the QMR Bayesian net, where the samples are obtained with a quantum computer. We expect that these two algorithms, implemented on a quantum computer, can also be used to make inferences (and predictions) with other Bayesian nets.
Does malignant small round cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region (askin tumor) constitute a clinicopathologic entity?. An analysis of 30 cases with immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic support treated at the institute gustave roussy (1992)

The morphology and clinical outcome of 30 patients with malignant small round cell tumors located in the thoracopulmonary region (Askin tumor) are reported. Histologically, all tumors had similar patterns, with small round-to-oval cells and a lobulated stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis always resulted in positive staining for one or several neural markers. No significant differences were found compared with the immunomarkers in 26 typical Ewing's sarcomas located outside the thoracic wall. In three specimens, electron microscopy confirmed the presence of membrane-bound neurosecretory granules. It was confirmed that there is a remarkable similarity among all malignant small round cell tumors, including Askin tumor and Ewing's sarcoma. Overall survival was poor with a 2-year rate of 38% and a 6-year rate of 14%.
Developmental co-emergence of cardiac and gut tissues modeled by human iPSC-derived organoids (2020)

Abstract During embryogenesis, paracrine signaling between tissues in close proximity contributes to the determination of their respective cell fate(s) and development into functional organs. Organoids are in vitro models that mimic organ formation and cellular heterogeneity, but lack the paracrine input of surrounding tissues. Here, we describe a human multilineage iPSC-derived organoid that recapitulates cooperative cardiac and gut development and displays extensive cellular and structural complexity of both tissues. We demonstrate that the presence of endoderm tissue (gut/intestine) in multilineage organoids contributed to the development of the cardiac tissue, specifically cardiomyocyte expansion, compartmentalization, enrichment of atrial/nodal cells, myocardial compaction and functional fetal-like maturation. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability to generate specific cooperative tissues originating from different germ lineages within a single organoid model, an advance that will further the examination of multi-tissue interactions during development and disease.
Constrained Joint Bit and Power Allocation for Multicarrier Systems (2013)

This paper proposes a novel low complexity joint bit and power suboptimal allocation algorithm for multicarrier systems operating in fading environments. The algorithm jointly maximizes the throughput and minimizes the transmitted power, while guaranteeing a target bit error rate (BER) per subcarrier and meeting a constraint on the total transmit power. Simulation results are described that illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme and demonstrate its superiority when compared to the algorithm in [4] with similar or reduced computational complexity. Furthermore, the results show that the performance of the proposed suboptimal algorithm approaches that of an optimal exhaustive search with significantly lower computational complexity.<br/>
Homozygous mutation in <i>NUP107</i> leads to microcephaly with steroid-resistant nephrotic condition similar to Galloway-Mowat syndrome (2017)

Recently, <i>NUP107</i> was suggested as a candidate in a family with nephrotic syndrome and developmental delay. Other <i>NUP107</i>-reported cases had isolated renal phenotypes. With the addition of these individuals, we implicate an allele-specific critical role for <i>NUP107</i> in the regulation of brain growth and a GAMOS-like presentation.
ChemInform Abstract: Tl<sub>4</sub>(PO<sub>2</sub>NH)<sub>4</sub>×H<sub>2</sub>O — A Commensurately Modulated Tetrametaphosphimate. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
France: National policy (2006)

The French transfusion organization is based on principles and structures; the principles are: voluntary, anonymous, non-remunerated donations, focussing on self-sufficiency. There are three structures: the EFS (Etablissement Français du Sang – French Blood Establishment), for labile blood products; the LFB (Laboratoire Français du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies – French Laboratory for Fractionation and Biotechnologies), for blood derivatives; the INTS (Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine – Blood Transfusion National Institute) for activities such as Reference, Research, Education & Training. The French health policy aims at defending ethics and self-sufficiency for all human blood derivatives. The French self-sufficiency is limited to cellular products as France is considered a rare user compared with other European countries - its annual growth rate is of about 1% only. Situation looks quite different with blood derivatives: between 2001 and 2004, consumptions of albumin, clotting factors, and immunoglobulins have shown an average annual increasement of 6.1% to 9.7%. All these elements have to be appreciated bearing in mind that beyond the 10 years ahead no substitute at all will be able to replace the human blood, making it a full necessity.
Electrical properties of viscose-kraft fibre mixtures (1999)

ABSTRACT We used mixture handsheets of pine kraft and viscose fibres to study how density and moisture content affect the electrical properties of paper. When the viscose content increased from 0% to 70%, paper density decreased from 650 kg/m 3 to 280 kg/m 3 . The effect of density on the dielectric constant of paper was consistent with the Clausius-Mossotti relation provided that the relative humidity was low or the measurement frequency high. Under these conditions, the water absorbed by paper had little effect on the dielectric constant or dielectric loss factor. When the moisture content of paper exceeded a certain limit, the dielectric constant began to increase rapidly. Presumably this happened because some of the adsorbed water resembles bulk water in its electrical properties and therefore has a much higher dielectric constant than dry cellulose. The threshold moisture content increased with increasing measurement frequency. The viscose fibres absorbed 2-3%-units more water than the kraft fibres at any given relative humidity. In spite of this, increasing the viscose content decreased the dielectric constant of paper. This indicates that the water molecules are more closely bonded and have less freedom to rotate in viscose fibres than in kraft fibres. The dielectric loss term was practically zero at low moisture contents, approximately below the same threshold that governs the dielectric constant. The dc resistivity decreased as an exponential function of increasing moisture content, but viscose fibres gave a lower conductivity than kraft fibres at a fixed moisture content. Hence, the water absorbed by viscose fibres influenced the electrical properties of paper in all respects less than the water absorbed by kraft fibres.
Gene-extraction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 from feces by the metal coating hollow fiber membrane (2001)

We have already developed the electrical sterilization method with the metal coating hollow fiber membrane. The sterilization mechanism was imagined that the cell membrane was broken by passing a direct current, because the leakage of intracellular contents was confirmed when bacteria were sterilized.In this paper, the mechanism of this sterilization were focused and the possibility whether the metal coating hollow fiber membrane became a new device of gene extraction was examined. After the direct current to the membrane surface trapped Escherichia coli O157 was passed, the gene was checked. As a result, the vero toxin type 1-gene could be detected. The detection sensitivity on the gene extraction was mainly depended on the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) which was an anion surfactant and the value of the direct current. The highest sensitivity in the extraction was obtained under 5% SDS and 300mA. In addition, the gene was extracted when 107 or 108 of Escherichia coli O157 were contained in 1ml of the real feces.This system needed the time to extract the gene only in 10 minutes. The system was also simpler equipment which consists of the perista-pump and the power supply except the membrane.
Ornithopod Feeding Mechanisms: Their Bearing on the Evolution of Herbivory (1985)

Medium- to large-sized mammalian herbivores of the present day are both abundant and diverse. One factor which undoubtedly contributes to this dominant position is the development of sophisticated methods of grinding tough plant material: complex teeth, an anisognathic jaw frame, and complex adductor muscles. Extant herbivorous reptiles are, by contrast, for the most part small-sized and neither abundant nor diverse; they are unable to effectively grind food because their teeth are simple, the jaw frame is isognathic, and their adductor muscles are simple. Ornithopod dinosaurs were dominant medium- to large-sized reptilian herbivores of the late Mesozoic, despite the presence of contemporary mammals. Detailed analysis of their jaw mechanisms has demonstrated that ornithopods were able to combine an isognathic jaw frame and relatively simple adductor muscles with complex tooth batteries and either maxillary or mandibular rotation to produce alternative modes of transverse food grinding. The ability to grind plant fibers in a manner analogous to that used by present-day mammals was an important factor contributing to the rise and diversification of advanced ornithopods culminating with the hadrosaurids of the late Cretaceous.
Renal ischemia and reperfusion impair endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation (1989)

We studied the hemodynamic response of the isolated erythrocyte-perfused kidney to 25 min of ischemia and found that renal vascular resistance (RVR) was increased in the reflow period (16.7 +/- 1.4 mmHg.ml-1.min.g following ischemia vs. 10.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg.ml-1.min.g in control kidneys). Endothelial independent vasodilators [atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and sodium nitroprusside] prevented the increase in RVR that occurred after ischemia. In contrast, acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187, two vasodilators that act by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), had no effect on the increased RVR that occurs on reflow. Two inhibitors of EDRF, methylene blue and gossypol, increased RVR in nonischemic kidneys by 45 +/- 6 and 46 +/- 11%, respectively, an increase that was comparable to that found with ischemia alone (55 +/- 7%). The increase in RVR found with the combination of EDRF inhibition and ischemia (59 +/- 5%) was the same as that found with ischemia alone. We conclude that EDRF activity is impaired following ischemia and reperfusion. This abnormality in EDRF may be an important mechanism contributing to postischemic vasoconstriction in the renal vasculature.
Differential Effects of the SR Proteins 9G8, SC35, ASF/SF2, and SRp40 on the Utilization of the A1 to A5 Splicing Sites of HIV-1 RNA (2004)

Splicing is a crucial step for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) multiplication; eight acceptor sites are used in competition to produce the vif, vpu, vpr, nef, env, tat, and rev mRNAs. The effects of SR proteins have only been investigated on a limited number of HIV-1 splicing sites by using small HIV-1 RNA pieces. To understand how SR proteins influence the use of HIV-1 splicing sites, we tested the effects of overproduction of individual SR proteins in HeLa cells on the splicing pattern of an HIV-1 RNA that contained all the splicing sites. The steady state levels of the HIV-1 mRNAs produced were quantified by reverse transcriptase-PCR. For interpretation of the data, transcripts containing one or several of the HIV-1 acceptor sites were spliced in vitro in the presence or the absence of one of the tested SR proteins. Both in vivo and in vitro, acceptor sites A2 and A3 were found to be strongly and specifically regulated by SR proteins. ASF/SF2 strongly activates site A2 and to a lesser extent site A1. As a result, upon ASF/SF2 overexpression, the vpr mRNA steady state level is specifically increased. SC35 and SRp40, but not 9G8, strongly activate site A3, and their overexpression ex vivo induces a dramatic accumulation of the tat mRNA, to the detriment of most of the other viral mRNAs. Here we showed by Western blot analysis that the Nef protein synthesis is strongly decreased by overexpression of SC35, SRp40, and ASF/SF2. Finally, activation by ASF/SF2 and 9G8 was found to be independent of the RS domain. This is the first investigation of the effects of variations of individual SR protein concentrations that is performed ex vivo on an RNA containing a complex set of splicing sites.
Chemical, Physical, and Baking Properties of Preripe Wheat Dried at Varying Temperatures<sup>1</sup> (1962)

Synopsis Loaf volume, crumb grain, and mixing time of preripe hard red winter wheat were affected adversely when dried at temperatures over 160° F., depending on amount of moisture in the grain.
Consecutive Thiophene-Annulation Approach to π-Extended Thienoacene-Based Organic Semiconductors with [1]Benzothieno[3,2-<i>b</i>][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) Substructure (2013)

We describe a new synthetic route to the [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) substructure featuring two consecutive thiophene-annulation reactions from o-ethynyl-thioanisole substrates and arylsulfenyl chloride reagents that can be easily derived from arylthiols. The method is particularly suitable for the synthesis of unsymmetrical derivatives, e.g., [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene, [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]anthra[2,3-b]thiophene, and naphtho[3,2-b]thieno[3,2-b]anthra[2,3-b]thiophene, a selenium-containing derivative, [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzoselenophene. It also allows us to access largely π-extended derivatives with two BTBT substructures, e.g., bis[1]benzothieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene and bis[1]benzothieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b']dithiophene (BBTNDT). It should be emphasized that these new BTBT derivatives are otherwise difficult to be synthesized. In addition, since various substrates and reagents, o-ethynyl-thioanisoles and arylthiols, respectively, can be combined, the method can be regarded as a versatile tool for the development of thienoacene-based organic semiconductors in this class. Among the newly synthesized materials, highly π-extended BBTNDT afforded very high mobility (>5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) in its vapor-deposited organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), which is among the highest for unsubstituted acene- or thienoacenes-based organic semiconductors. In fact, the structural analyses of BBTNDT both in the single crystal and thin-film state indicated that an interactive two-dimensional molecular array is realized in the solid state, which rationalize the higher carrier mobility in the BBTNDT-based OFETs.