gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lactose-Fermenting Revertants from Lactose-Negative <i>Streptococcus lactis</i> C2 Mutants (1974)

Partial lactose-fermenting revertants from lactose-negative (lac(-)) mutants of Streptococcus lactis C2 appeared on a lawn of lac(-) cells after 3 to 5 days of incubation at 25 C. The revertants grew slowly on lactose with a growth response similar to that for cryptic cells. In contrast to lac(+)S. lactis C2, the revertants were defective in the accumulation of [(14)C]thiomethyl-beta-d-galactoside, indicating that they were devoid of a transport system. Hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactoside-6-phosphate by toluene-treated cells confirmed the presence of phospho-beta-d-galactosidase (P-beta-gal) in the revertant. However, this enzyme was induced only when the cells were grown in the presence of lactose; galactose was not an inducer. In lac(+)S. lactis C2, enzyme induction occurred in lactose- or galactose-grown cells. The revertants were defective in EII-lactose and FIII-lactose of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Galactokinase activity was detected in cell extracts of lac(+)S. lactis C2, but the activity was 9 to 13 times higher in extracts from the revertant and lac(-), respectively. This suggested that the lac(-) and the revertants use the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism and that galactose-1-phosphate rather than galactose-6-phosphate was being formed. This may explain why lactose, but not galactose, induced P-beta-gal in the revertants. Because the revertant was unable to form galactose-6-phosphate, induction could not occur. This compound would be formed on hydrolysis of lactose phosphate. The data also indicate that galactose-6-phosphate may serve not only as an inducer of the lactose genes in S. lactis C2, but also as a repressor of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism.
Selective Formation of a Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Complex at a Surface: A SiO<sub>2</sub>‐Immobilized, Three‐Coordinate Ruthenium Catalyst for Alkene Epoxidation (2007)

Ungesättigt und doch luftstabil: Der dreifach koordinierte Rutheniumkomplex 2, der die Alkenepoxidierung hoch aktiv vermittelt und an der Luft recycliert werden kann, wurde auf SiO2 erhalten. Dabei wurde der p-Cymol-Ligand durch die exotherme Reaktion von O2 und Isobutyraldehyd (IBA) aus der Koordinationssphäre der gesättigten Vorstufe 1 verdrängt (Ru rot, Cl dunkelblau, N grün, S gelb, O blau, C grau, H weiß). Die direkte Aktivierung mit O2 ist dagegen Rechnungen zufolge endotherm.
The Smart Grid and Future Mobile Networks: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources and Delay Tolerant Users (2015)

Recently, energy behaviour is being considered as an important key performance indicator when studying mobile networks. Reducing their operational cost is becoming more essential due to the huge increase of traffic accompanied by the increase in the electric bills. In this paper, we are going a step forward to study the possibility of a new type of energy behaviour of renewable energy-powered base stations in the Smart Grid environment. We use renewable energy and energy storage and we employ the concept of delay tolerant users to provide ancillary services to the Smart Grid. Based on real data from the French power grid, results show that the achieved profit from providing ancillary services exceeds the electric bill and leads to a negative energy operational cost.
<i>In vitro</i> transcription accurately predicts lac repressor phenotype <i>in vivo</i> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2014)

A multitude of studies have looked at the in vivo and in vitro behavior of the lac repressor binding to DNA and effector molecules in order to study transcriptional repression, however these studies are not always reconcilable. Here we use in vitro transcription to directly mimic the in vivo system in order to build a self consistent set of experiments to directly compare in vivo and in vitro genetic repression. A thermodynamic model of the lac repressor binding to operator DNA and effector is used to link DNA occupancy to either normalized in vitro mRNA product or normalized in vivo fluorescence of a regulated gene, YFP. An accurate measurement of repressor, DNA and effector concentrations were made both in vivo and in vitro allowing for direct modeling of the entire thermodynamic equilibrium. In vivo repression profiles are accurately predicted from the given in vitro parameters when molecular crowding is considered. Interestingly, our measured repressor-operator DNA affinity differs significantly from previous in vitro measurements. The literature values are unable to replicate in vivo binding data. We therefore conclude that the repressor-DNA affinity is much weaker than previously thought. This finding would suggest that in vitro techniques that are specifically designed to mimic the in vivo process may be necessary to replicate the native system.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Long-Term Outcomes (2005)

Long-term data, critical in the evaluation of any treatment for cancer, are currently available with respect to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for localized RCC.
FROTTEMENT INTERNE DES VERRES DE BOROPHOSPHATES ALCALINS (1983)

L'étude du frottement interne des verres de borates et de borophosphates alcalins a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence de P2O5 sur l'apparition d'un second pic de relaxation. Son intensité dépend de la teneur initiale en eau du matériau, mais elle est aussi fortement augmentée lorsque le verre est soumis à une attaque par la vapeur d'eau. Deux hypothèses peuvent être émises pour rendre compte de ces phénomènes.
Patterns of Brain Activation and Meal Reduction Induced by Abdominal Surgery in Mice and Modulation by Rikkunshito (2015)

Abdominal surgery inhibits food intake and induces c-Fos expression in the hypothalamic and medullary nuclei in rats. Rikkunshito (RKT), a Kampo medicine improves anorexia. We assessed the alterations in meal microstructure and c-Fos expression in brain nuclei induced by abdominal surgery and the modulation by RKT in mice. RKT or vehicle was gavaged daily for 1 week. On day 8 mice had no access to food for 6-7 h and were treated twice with RKT or vehicle. Abdominal surgery (laparotomy-cecum palpation) was performed 1-2 h before the dark phase. The food intake and meal structures were monitored using an automated monitoring system for mice. Brain sections were processed for c-Fos immunoreactivity (ir) 2-h after abdominal surgery. Abdominal surgery significantly reduced bouts, meal frequency, size and duration, and time spent on meals, and increased inter-meal interval and satiety ratio resulting in 92-86% suppression of food intake at 2-24 h post-surgery compared with control group (no surgery). RKT significantly increased bouts, meal duration and the cumulative 12-h food intake by 11%. Abdominal surgery increased c-Fos in the prelimbic, cingulate and insular cortexes, and autonomic nuclei, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala, hypothalamic supraoptic (SON), paraventricular and arcuate nuclei, Edinger-Westphal nucleus (E-W), lateral periaqueduct gray (PAG), lateral parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, ventrolateral medulla and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). RKT induced a small increase in c-Fos-ir neurons in the SON and E-W of control mice, and in mice with surgery there was an increase in the lateral PAG and a decrease in the NTS. These findings indicate that abdominal surgery inhibits food intake by increasing both satiation (meal duration) and satiety (meal interval) and activates brain circuits involved in pain, feeding behavior and stress that may underlie the alterations of meal pattern and food intake inhibition. RKT improves food consumption post-surgically that may involve modulation of pain pathway.
Regulation of leaf mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by reversible phosphorylation (1996)

Abstract Pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDCs) are large multi-enzyme complexes which catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to yield acetyl-CoA, CO, and NADH. Component enzymes of all PDCs are pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH, El), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3). Plants are unique in having discrete PDCs in two organelles, mitochondria and plastids (Randall et al. 1989). Most mitochondrial complexes are regulated by reversible phosphorylation and also have two associated regulatory enzymes, PDH kinase and PDH-P phosphatase (Reed 1981). The regulatory enzymes are not associated with yeast mitochondrial PDCs (mtPDCs) or with the higher plant plastid form of PDC. The primary function of plant mtPDC is to provide acetylCoA for the Krebs cycle and NADH for oxidative phosphorylation, while the plastid PDC is a primary source of acetyl-CoA and NADH for fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis. Our investigations of the mtPDC in plants are centred on establishing the regulatory mechanisms that control its activity, particularly during photosynthesis and photorespiration. These efforts have provided the first proof that activity of a plant enzyme could be regulated by reversible phosphorylation (Randall and Rubin 1977; Randall et al. 1981; Rao and Randall 1980). Phosphorylation inactivates mtPDC, which can then be reactivated by dephosphorylation (Randall et al. 1989). Thus, reversible phosphorylation is an off-on switch for the plant mtPDC as it is in most higher eukaryotes.
Performance of a ULH Single Wide-Band All-Raman DWDM Transmission System Over Dispersion-Managed Spans (2004)

We evaluate the performance of an all-Raman ultralong-haul dense wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission system over 4160 km of dispersion-managed fiber. Enabling technologies include forward and backward-propagating Raman amplification and single-modulator return-to-zero transmitters. Large optical signal-to-noise ratio margins and small transmission penalties are achieved by means of a simple dispersion map.
Few-nucleon experiments with fast polarized neutrons (1985)

At the Karlsruhe cyclotron few‐nucleon systems are studied in scattering experiments of polarized fast neutrons on very light nuclei. The continuous energy distribution of the neutron beam from POLKA enables one to measure spin‐dependent observables in the energy range from 15 to 50 Me simultaneously.
3D motion detection and estimation using optic flow computation (2002)

In this paper with the aid of the combination of Ducan-Tsai and Singh methods, we have carried out preprocessing on image sequences, I (x,y,t), to obtain St(x,y,t) and from that extracting the conservation and neighbourhood information for the estimation of 2D motion. Also we have proposed relations between 2D and 3D motions regarding objects with only translational motion.
Discriminative training and maximum likelihood detector for speaker identification (2003)

This article describes a new approach for cues discrimination between speakers addressed to a speaker identification task. To this end, we make use of elements of decision theory. We propose to decompose the conventional feature space (MFCCs) into two subspaces which carry information about discriminative and confusable sections of the speech signal. The method is based on the idea that, instead of adapting the speakers models to a new test environment, we require the test utterance to fit the speakers models environment. Discriminative sections of training speech are used to estimate the probability density function (pdf) of a discriminative world model (DM), and confusable sections to estimate the probability density function of a confusion world model (CM). The two models are then used as a maximum likelihood detector (filter) at the input of the recogniser. The method was experimented on highly mismatched telephone speech and achieves a considerable improvement (averaging 16 % gain in performance) over the baseline GMM system.
Novel duplex antimicrobial silver films deposited by magnetron sputtering (2000)

Novel duplex silver films, exhibiting antimicrobial behaviour, have been produced by magnetron sputtering and studied using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. These films were grown under deposition conditions in which the gas composition, process pressure and input power were varied. It was determined that biologically active films had a nanocrystalline structure consisting of loosely held particles with a grain size of the order of 15nm. The importance of oxygen in the sputtering environment and the resultant microstructure are discussed to explain the unique antimicrobial properties of these silver films.
High-Performance ZnO Nanowire Transistors with Aluminum Top-Gate Electrodes and Naturally Formed Hybrid Self-Assembled Monolayer/AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Gate Dielectric (2014)

A method for the formation of a low-temperature hybrid gate dielectric for high-performance, top-gate ZnO nanowire transistors is reported. The hybrid gate dielectric consists of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and an aluminum oxide layer. The thin aluminum oxide layer forms naturally and spontaneously when the aluminum gate electrode is deposited by thermal evaporation onto the SAM-covered ZnO nanowire, and its formation is facilitated by the poor surface wetting of the aluminum on the hydrophobic SAM. The hybrid gate dielectric shows excellent electrical insulation and can sustain voltages up to 6 V. ZnO nanowire transistors utilizing the hybrid gate dielectric feature a large transconductance of 50 μS and large on-state currents of up to 200 μA at gate-source voltages of 3 V. The large on-state current is sufficient to drive organic light-emitting diodes with an active area of 6.7 mm2 to a brightness of 445 cd/m2. Inverters based on ZnO nanowire transistors and thin-film carbon load resistors operate with frequencies up to 30 MHz.
A Shift in the Phenotype of Melan-A-Specific CTL Identifies Melanoma Patients with an Active Tumor-Specific Immune Response (2000)

In a significant proportion of melanoma patients, CTL specific for the melan-A(26/7-35) epitope can be detected in peripheral blood using HLA-A2/peptide tetramers. However, the functional capacity of these CTL has been controversial, since although they prove to be effective killers after in vitro expansion, in some patients they have blunted activation responses ex vivo. We used phenotypic markers to characterize melan-A tetramer(+) cells in both normal individuals and melanoma patients, and correlated these markers with ex vivo assays of CTL function. Melanoma patients with detectable melan-A tetramer(+) cells in peripheral blood fell into two groups. Seven of thirteen patients had a CCR7(+) CD45R0(-) CD45RA(+) phenotype, the same as that found in some healthy controls, and this phenotype was associated with a lack of response to melan-A peptide ex vivo. In the remaining six patients, melan-A tetramer(+) cells were shifted toward a CCR7(-) CD45R0(+) CD45RA(-) phenotype, and responses to melan-A peptide could be readily demonstrated ex vivo. When lymph nodes infiltrated by melan-A-expressing melanoma cells were examined, a similar dichotomy emerged. These findings demonstrate that activation of melan-A-specific CTL occurs in only some patients with malignant melanoma, and that only patients with such active immune responses are capable of responding to Ag in ex vivo assays.
Heat-treated colostrum and reduced morbidity in preweaned dairy calves: Results of a randomized trial and examination of mechanisms of effectiveness (2012)

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted using 1,071 newborn calves from 6 commercial dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin, with the primary objective being to describe the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum on serum immunoglobulin G concentration and health in the preweaning period. A secondary objective was to complete a path analysis to identify intermediate factors that may explain how feeding heat-treated colostrum reduced the risk for illness. On each farm, colostrum was collected each day, pooled, and divided into 2 aliquots; then, one aliquot was heat-treated in a commercial batch pasteurizer at 60°C for 60 min. Samples of fresh and heat-treated colostrum were collected for standard microbial culture (total plate count and total coliform count, cfu/mL) and for measurement of immunoglobulin G concentrations (mg/mL). Newborn calves were removed from the dam, generally within 30 to 60 min of birth, and systematically assigned to be fed 3.8L of either fresh (FR, n=518) or heat-treated colostrum (HT, n=553) within 2h of birth. Venous blood samples were collected from calves between 1 and 7d of age for measurement of serum IgG concentrations (mg/mL). All treatment and mortality events were recorded by farm staff between birth and weaning. Regression models found that serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in calves fed HT colostrum (18.0 ± 1.5 mg/mL) compared with calves fed FR colostrum (15.4 ± 1.5 mg/ml). Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression indicated a significant increase in risk for a treatment event (any cause) in calves fed FR colostrum (36.5%, hazard ratio=1.25) compared with calves fed HT colostrum (30.9%). In addition, we observed a significant increase in risk for treatment for scours in calves fed FR colostrum (20.7%, hazard ratio=1.32) compared with calves fed HT colostrum (16.5%). Path analysis suggested that calves fed HT colostrum were at lower risk for illness because the heat-treatment process caused a significant reduction in colostrum total coliform count, which was associated with a reduced risk for illness as a function of improved serum IgG concentrations.
Clustered Local Decoding for Wyner-Type Cellular Models (2009)

We study the uplink of Wyner-type cellular models featuring short range inter-cell interference. We assume that the decoding of the message sent by a given transmitter is done locally, that is using only the signals received at the antennas in its vicinity. We derive upper and lower bounds on the achievable rate for a two-dimensional model and for a one-dimensional model with an attenuation parameter. The analysis of our cellular models will rely on rate splitting and genie-aided bounds, originally employed in the framework of the interference channel.
D-PRMA (1999)

This paper presents D-PRMA, a dynamic packet reservation multiple access protocol, to integrate voice and data traffic in a micro-cellular wireless network. Similar to other reservation protocols, D-PRMA decouples the speech access procedure from the data access procedure. However, D-PRMA exploits the time variations of the speech coding rate, through statistical multiplexing, to efficiently use the available bandwidth. A dynamic protocol using base station feedback schedules slot assignment among calls. In each frame, D-PRMA allocates bandwidth among calls as needed. Ongoing calls are always assigned some minimum bandwidth to allow for coding of the background noise during silence periods. In this way, undesired contentions that arise in PRMA due to silence-to-talkspurt transitions would be avoided. An embedded coding scheme is employed in the voice coder to help the system control the rate of the calls during congestion by selectively dropping some of the less significant packets, thus causing a graceful degradation of quality. Compared to other access protocols, D-PRMA can accommodate more voice calls while keeping the speech quality above an acceptable threshold. Slots not used by voice traffic will be assigned to the data traffic.
Spectral induced polarization signatures of abiotic FeS precipitation (2010)

Abstract In recent years, geophysical methods have been shown to be sensitive to microbial-induced mineralization processes. The spectral induced-polarization (SIP) method appears to be very promising for monitoring mineralization and microbial processes. With this work, we study the links of mineralization and SIP signals, in the absence of microbial activity. We recorded the SIP response during abiotic FeS precipitation. We show that the SIP signals are diagnostic of FeS mineralization and can be differentiated from SIP signals from biomineralization processes. More specifically, the imaginary conductivity shows almost linear dependence on the amount of FeS precipitating out of solution, above the threshold value 0.006gr under our experimental conditions. This research has direct implications for the use of the SIP method as a monitoring and decision-making tool for sustainable remediation of metals in contaminated soils and groundwater.
Differential activation of phospholipase C-γ 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in naive and antigen-primed CD4 T cells by the peptide/MHC ligand (1996)

In this study, we determined the functional and biochemical differences in naive and primed CD4 T cells that expressed a TCR specific for the pigeon cytochrome c (pcc) peptide presented by I-Ek MHC class II molecules. Naive CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR were isolated from the peripheral lymphoid organs of transgenic mice and stimulated with pcc peptide and IL-2 for 10 to 14 days. After this culture period, the Ag-primed cells were quiescent, as judged by the lack of expression of the early activation marker CD69, low expression of CD25 (IL-2R), and failure to incorporate thymidine. The primed cells required 10-fold less peptide than naive cells to achieve the same degree of proliferation and for the induction of CD69. Primed cells also mobilized calcium more efficiently with regard to Ag dose and magnitude of the response. The biochemical signal-transduction events in naive and primed T cells were compared by stimulating them with different concentrations of pcc peptide presented by adherent Ek-transfected fibroblasts. It was found that tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in primed cells required 10-fold less Ag and occurred more rapidly and intensively. Interestingly, peptide stimulation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 1 exclusively in primed cells. RasGAP was also more efficiently tyrosine phosphorylated in primed cells. By contrast, Shc was tyrosine phosphorylated to the same extent in naive and primed cells. PI3Kp85 was not tyrosine-phosphorylated in naive and primed cells either before or after peptide stimulation. We propose that the higher sensitivity of the primed cells to Ag stimulation is most likely dependent, at last in part, on the more efficient activation of PLC-gamma 1, MAPK, and calcium-dependent pathways.
Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor mutations in common variable immunodeficiency (2008)

TACI has a dual function in promoting B cell antibody responses and inhibiting B cell proliferation. The observation that TACI mutations are present in healthy participants suggests that modifier genes may play an important role in the development of CVID. The discovery of these genes will help understand the pathogenesis of this disease.
Helicopter payload phase 1 antenna study (2001)

This study examines the performance of a communications antenna at various locations on an unmanned helicopter. The suitability of a location is determined by the quality of the antenna pattern, primarily field of view, which is defined as the range of angles over which the antenna gain is constant enough and/or sufficient enough to permit signal reception regardless of the direction of flight. The antenna performance when installed on the helicopter was simulated using the method of moments code PATCH and physical optics code APATCH. The simulated pattern data for the installed antenna was compared to that of the free standing antenna, which is used as a baseline from which to determine the effects of the antenna placement on signal reception. Antennas examined included: (1) a short monopole, and (2) a hemispherical pattern similar to the pattern of commercially available wideband annular slot antennas. The frequency range of interest is from 100 MHz to 1200 MHz