gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DCT-based video downscaling transcoder using split and merge technique (2006)

For a conventional downscaling video transcoder, a video server has firstly to decompress the video, perform downscaling operations in the pixel domain, and then recompress it. This is computationally intensive. However, it is difficult to perform video downscaling in the discrete cosine transform (DCT)- domain since the prediction errors of each frame are computed from its immediate past higher resolution frames. Recently, a fast algorithm for DCT domain image downsampling has been proposed to obtain the downsampled version of DCT coefficients with low computational complexity. However, there is a mismatch between the downsampled version of DCT coefficients and the resampled motion vectors. In other words, significant quality degradation is introduced when the derivation of the original motion vectors and the resampled motion vector is large. In this paper, we propose a new architecture to obtain resampled DCT coefficients in the DCT domain by using the split and merge technique. Using our proposed video transcoder architecture, a macroblock is splitted into two regions: dominant region and the boundary region. The dominant region of the macroblock can be transcoded in the DCT domain with low computational complexity and re-encoding error can be avoided. By transcoding the boundary region adaptively, low computational complexity can also be achieved. More importantly, the re-encoding error introduced in the boundary region can be controlled more dynamically. Experimental results show that our proposed video downscaling transcoder can lead to significant computational savings as well as videos with high quality as compared with the conventional approach. The proposed video transcoder is useful for video servers that provide quality service in real-time for heterogeneous clients.
SCIENCE INSIGHTS (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSCIENCE INSIGHTSRUDY BAUMCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 17, 49Publication Date (Print):April 24, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 24 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n017.p049https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n017.p049newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Materials Get e-Alerts
A Pragmatic Solution to a Major Interoperability Problem: Using Blockchain for the Nationwide Patient Index (2018)

Associating the health-related records and transactions of patients with their numerous “identities” as they interact with different healthcare providers, payers, pharmacy benefit managers and other entities is an expensive and complex problem. With many years of experience addressing this issue in different healthcare systems and Health Information Exchanges (HIEs), it is apparent that there is now a compelling and relatively straightforward technical solution for this problem. Presented here is a broadly feasible and technically compelling argument for a blockchain-based approach to addressing these issues. At the same time, challenges ahead and potential strategies to address them are discussed. Keywords: Blockchain; Master Patient Index; MPI; Distributed Ledger; Patient Identity; HIE; HealthInformation Exchange
Directional Reflectance and Emissivity of an Opaque Surface (1965)

Concepts, terminology, and symbols are presented for specifying and relating directional variations in reflectance and emissivity of an opaque surface element. Their relationship to more familiar concepts, including those of perfectly diffuse and specular reflectance, is given, and they are applied to illustrative examples. It is shown that, when the usual reciprocity relationship holds, the reflectance for a ray incident on an opaque surface element is related by Kirchhoff's law to the emissivity of that element for a ray emitted along the same line in the opposite sense.
Induction of Neurotrophin Expression via Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implication for Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2007)

In animal models of neurological disorders for cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord lesions, transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported to improve functional outcome. Three mechanisms have been suggested for the effects of the MSCs: transdifferentiation of the grafted cells with replacement of degenerating neural cells, cell fusion, and neuroprotection of the dying cells. Here we demonstrate that a restricted number of cells with differentiated astroglial features can be obtained from human adult MSCs (hMSCs) both in vitro using different induction protocols and in vivo after transplantation into the developing mouse brain. We then examined the in vitro differentiation capacity of the hMSCs in coculture with slices of neonatal brain cortex. In this condition the hMSCs did not show any neuronal transdifferentiation but expressed neurotrophin low-affinity (NGFR(p75)) and high-affinity (trkC) receptors and released nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). The same neurotrophin's expression was demonstrated 45 days after the intracerebral transplantation of hMSCs into nude mice with surviving astroglial cells. These data further confirm the limited capability of adult hMSC to differentiate into neurons whereas they differentiated in astroglial cells. Moreover, the secretion of neurotrophic factors combined with activation of the specific receptors of transplanted hMSCs demonstrated an alternative mechanism for neuroprotection of degenerating neurons. hMSCs are further defined in their transplantation potential for treating neurological disorders.
New pseudoternary line code for high-speed twistedpairdata links (1995)

Regulated mark inversion (RMI) is a new pseudoternary line code which minimises high-frequency spectral components in a similar way to the FDDI TP-PMD MLT3 code, and yet also has a bounded running digital sum. The code has significantly lower DC content than standard MLT3, and a lower high-frequency content than run-length-limited MLT3 codes.
Digital VLSI multiprocessor design for neurocomputers (2003)

The architecture and circuit design of digital processors for general-purpose neurocomputing are presented. The processing element is suitable for a tightly coupled multiprocessor chip connected in one-dimensional ring or two-dimensional mesh fashion. An off-chip microprogrammed array controller broadcasts instructions to all processing elements. Mappings of the feedforward and feedback operations in the backpropagation neural network into the mesh-connected processing element matrix are described. Detailed design of the circuit blocks is also described. More than 128 processing elements can be implemented in a super chip by use of advanced 0.5- mu m CMOS technology to achieve 2.56 billion operations per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Friends of Beware Reef monitor marine life (2012)

Beware Reef is a granite pinnacle rising 30 metres from the sea floor, but with barely two metres showing above sea level. It lies 5km south-east of Cape Conran in East Gippsland.
Project Athena as a distributed computer system (1990)

Project Athena, established in 1983 to improve the quality of education at MIT (Massachussetts Institute of Technology) by providing campuswide, high-quality computing based on a large network of workstations, is discussed, focusing on the design of Athena's distributed workstation system. The requirements of the system are outlined distributed system models are reviewed, other distributed operating systems are described, and issues in distributed systems are examined. The distributed-system model for Athena is discussed. Athena has three major components; workstations a network, and servers. The approach taken by the Athena developers was to implement a set of network services to replace equivalent time-sharing services, in essence converting the time-sharing Unix model into a distributed operating system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Coercion in Juvenile Sexual Offenders (2000)

Previous research has linked adult sex offending behavior to a multiplicity of variables, including juvenile delinquency and the experience of childhood abuse. The purpose of this study was to explore developmental pathways among childhood abuse, juvenile delinquency, and personality dimensions possibly conducive to adolescent sexual coercion. Using a retrospective self-report inventory, we measured the extent to which juvenile sexual offenders experienced childhood trauma, engaged in adolescent delinquency, and exhibited particular dispositions and cognitive biases. The effects of childhood and adolescent antecedents on sexual coerciveness were then analyzed through simultaneous multiple regression path analyses. Results suggest that sexual compulsivity and hypermasculinity, through misogynistic fantasy behavior, significantly discriminate verbally and physically coercive juvenile offenders from those offenders who do not report using force in their offenses. Results also suggest that alcohol abuse may play a more salient role in the expression of coercive juvenile sexual coercion than previously hypothesized.
Computation offloading game for an UAV network in mobile edge computing (2017)

Due to the limitations of mobile devices in terms of processing power and battery lifetime, cloud based solutions offer an attractive approach to answer these shortcomings. Since offloading intensive computation tasks to an edge/cloud server would achieve impressive performances, computation offloading paradigm has attracted the focus of many research groups in the last few years. This paper considers the problem of computation offloading while achieving a tradeoff between execution time and energy consumption. The proposed solution is intended for a fleet of small drones that are required to achieve highly intensive computation tasks. Drones need to detect, identify and classify objects or situations. Thus, they are brought to deal with intensive tasks such as pattern recognition and video preprocessing. The latter implement very complex calculations and typically require dedicated and powerful processors, which would definitely accentuate the dilemma between energy and delay. We adopted a game theory model where the players are all the drones in the network with three possible strategies. We defined the cost function to be minimized as a combination of energy overhead and delay. The simulation results are very promising and the achieved performances outperformed their counterparts in terms of average system wide cost and scalability.
Infrastructure (2012)

Abstract Infrastructure is a modern term that was initially used in the military sphere; transferred to the civilian domain, the term denotes structures that are necessary preconditions for the production and exchange of commodities. It refers primarily to buildings and technical facilities. A broader definition, which also includes institutions such as an education or health system as part of the infrastructure of modern societies, is seldom applied when describing ancient infrastructure. Apart from the economic significance of infrastructure, its effects on welfare are also to be indicated; in antiquity, this primarily applies to water supplies. Among the commonly shared characteristics of infrastructural constructions is their joint planning and financing by cities, communities, and rulers and their use by the populace, to a large extent free of charge.
Biofilter treatment of ethanol vapors (1994)

Abstract Bench scale experiments and a numerical model were used to test the effectiveness of biofiltration in treating air contaminated with ethanol vapors. Three packing materials, granular activated carbon, compost, and a mixture of compost and diatomaceous earth were tested. The GAC material supported the highest elimination rates, ranging from 53 to 219 grams/m 3 ‐hr for a range of loading rates. Partitioning coefficients for the contaminant on the biofilter packing material had a strong effect on the efficiency of the biofilters.
Synthesis and light‐emitting properties of poly (fluorene) copolymers containing EDOT comonomer (2004)

Abstract A series of statistical random copolymers of dioctylfluorene (DOF) and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were synthesized by Ni (0) mediated polymerization and their light‐emitting properties were compared with poly (9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene) (PDOF). The synthesized polymers were characterized using UV‐vis spectroscopy, TGA, photoluminescence (PL) & electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy and by conducting molecular weight studies. The resulting polymers were found to be thermally stable and readily soluble in organic solvents. The UV‐visible absorption and PL emission spectra of the copolymers were gradually red‐shifted as the fraction of EDOT in copolymers increased. Light‐emitting devices were fabricated in an ITO (indium‐tin oxide)/PEDOT/polymer/Ca/Al configuration. Interestingly, the EL spectra of these devices were similar to the PL spectra of the corresponding polymer film. However, the EL devices constructed from the copolymer showed more than 10 times higher efficiency level than the devices constructed from the PDOF homopolymer. This higher efficiency is possibly the result of better charge carrier balance in the copolymer systems due to the lower HOMO levels of the copolymers in comparison to that of PDOF homopolymer.
A Biodegradable Gel Electrolyte for Use in High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors (2015)

Despite the significant advances in solid polymer electrolytes used for supercapacitors, intractable problems including poor ionic conductivity and low electrochemical performance limit the practical applications. Herein, we report a facile approach to synthesize a NaCl-agarose gel electrolyte for use in flexible supercapacitors. The as-prepared agarose hydrogel consists of a three-dimensional chemically interconnected agarose backbone and oriented interparticular submicropores filled with water. The interconnected agarose matrix acts as a framework that provides mechanical stability to the gel electrolyte and hierarchical porous networks for optimized ion transport. The developed pores with the water filler provide an efficient ionic pathway to the storage sites of electrode. With these properties, the gel electrolyte enables the supercapacitor to have a high specific capacitance of 286.9 F g(-1) and a high rate capability that is 80% of specific capacitance obtained in the case of a liquid electrolyte at 100 mV s(-1). In addition, attributed to the simple procedure and its components, the gel electrolyte is highly scalable, cost-effective, safe, and nontoxic. Thus, the developed gel electrolyte has the potential for use in various energy storage and delivery systems.
A Novel Design for the Miniaturization of the DMTL Phase Shifter (2006)

Using the method of coating the low dielectric constant thin-layer insulation film on the signal line of the coplanar waveguide, MIM capacitor is formed between the MEMS bridge and signal line, the ratio of the capacitor of the down state and up state is increased, thus the phase shift of the unit length is raised. Comparing with the traditional design, the same quantity of the phase shift can be achieved with less MEMS bridges, and the size of the naked chip is reduced by about 60%. Besides, the accuracy control of the MEMS phase shifter is also improved a lot for the height of MEMS bridge hard to change under the down state.
Identification of cellular proteins that bind to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene product in vitro: a role for myristylation (1993)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 nef gene product was expressed as an N-terminal fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the baculovirus system. The resulting nefGST fusion protein was found to be authentically myristylated at the N terminus and could be purified to homogeneity by one-step affinity chromatography on immobilized glutathione. The high affinity of nefGST for glutathione was exploited to develop an assay to identify cellular proteins capable of interacting with nef. Several such proteins were identified in extracts from the Jurkat human T cell line. The interaction between nef-binding proteins and immobilized nefGST could be specifically competed by the addition of soluble nef. Cell fractionation showed that nef-binding proteins were present in both cytosolic and membrane-associated fractions. A non-myristylated derivative failed to bind to the membrane-associated proteins but was able to bind to the cytosolic group, albeit with reduced affinity. In addition, a single protein present in both soluble and membrane-associated fractions exhibited myristylation-independent binding to nef. By analogy with other myristylated proteins such as MARCKS (myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) and the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, src, the membrane-associated proteins that bind only to myristylated nef may represent a specific membrane target for nef. The cytosolic proteins that interact with nef may constitute soluble components of an as yet unidentified signal transduction pathway which is the target of nef action in the HIV-1-infected cell.
Breast masses: US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. (1987)

Real-time ultrasonography (US) was used to guide fine-needle aspiration biopsy of 111 breast masses and three axillary lymph nodes. The masses included 51 (45%) nonpalpable lesions. Two different guidance techniques were used, with satisfactory results. Lesions less than 1 cm in diameter could be accurately aspirated, and the method allowed quick and accurate cytologic characterization of solid breast masses. The sensitivity of the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy was 92%, and the specificity was 93%. US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of breast masses should be routinely performed, since it can lead to earlier and cost-effective diagnosis of breast carcinoma at virtually no risk. Because of the accuracy of real-time US guidance, negative cytologic findings (i.e., satisfactory smears with benign cells) should be considered highly reliable in ruling out malignancy.
The Instrumented Frisbee(Registered TradeMark) as a Prototype for Planetary Entry Probes (2005)

A Frisbee has been equipped with sensors, batteries and micro-controllers for data acquisition to record its translational accelerations and attitude motion. The experiments explore the capabilities and limitations of sensors on a rapidly-rotating platform moving in air, and illustrate several of the complex gyrodynamic aspects of frisbee flight. The experiments constitute an instructive exercise in aerospace vehicle systems integration and in attitude reconstruction.
NUCPLOT: a program to generate schematic diagrams of protein-nucleic acid interactions (1997)

Proteins that bind to DNA are found in all areas of genetic activity within the cell. To help understand how these proteins perform their various functions, it is useful to analyse which residues are involved in binding to the DNA and how they interact with the bases and sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids. Here we describe a program called NUCPLOT which can automatically identify these interactions from the 3D atomic coordinates of the complex from a PDB file and generate a plot that shows all the interactions in a schematic manner. The program produces a PostScript output file representing hydrogen, van der Waals and covalent bonds between the protein and the DNA. The resulting diagram is both clear and simple and allows immediate identification of important interactions within the structure. It also facilitates comparison of binding found in different structures. NUCPLOT is a completely automatic program, which can be used for any protein-DNA complex and will also work for certain protein-RNA structures.
Synthesis and adsorption properties of magnetic resin microbeads with amine and mercaptan as chelating groups (2001)

Abstract Three magnetic chelating resins containing amino and mercapto groups were prepared by the suspended condensation polymerization of 2‐chloroethoxymethyl thiirane with diamines. The magnetic resins were microbeads whose diameter was in the range of 10 to 45 μm. The structure of the resins was characterized by XPS, IR, and elemental analysis. Their adsorption properties for Hg(II), Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV), Ag(I), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) were investigated. The experimental results show the magnetic resins have high affinity for Hg(II) and noble metal ions. In the competitive adsorption, the resins predominantly adsorbed Hg(II) or Pd(II) in the coexistence of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mg(II). Desorption of Pd(II) loaded on the resins was studied by using 2 M hydrochloric acid solution containing 1% thiourea as desorbent. A high desorption ratio (up to 96.5%) was observed, and repeated adsorption/desorption operations showed the probability of repeated use of the magnetic resins. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1587–1592, 2001
Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy? (2016)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC homing has been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms.