gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of the Maximum Amplitude and the Maximum and Minimum Slope of the Intrauterine Pressure Waveform in Late Pregnancy and Labor (1972)

An attempt to quantitate the organization of the human uterus was made by measuring the maximum amplitude and the maximum and minimum slopes of the intrauterine pressure waveform prior to induced labor and during spontaneous and induced labors. No apparent differences in the ratio of the maximum amplitude to the maximum and minimum slopes were found in these three physiological states. All the correlation coefficients for the maximum amplitude and maximum (r <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</L> ) and minimum (r <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</L> ) slopes were high, r <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</L> , ranging from 0.79-0.84, and r <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</L> from 0.72-0.80. Possible use of these measures in the further analysis of the organization of uterine contractility is discussed.
A Spectroscopic Study of the Haemin–Human‐Serum‐Albumin System (1974)

The interaction of haemin with human serum albumin has been reexamined. The absorption spectrum of the bound haem is identical with that of uncomplexed monomeric haemin in solution, and it is suggested, on the basis of an interaction of albumin with iron‐free protoporphyrin IX, that the iron is not implicated in the interaction with the protein. A ferric cyanide derivative, and a ferrous haem derivative of methaemalbumin can be recognised, but not azide or fluoride derivatives. The bound haemin gives rise to extrinsic Cotton effects, which are different in detail in the derivatives, and in the complex with protoporphyrin IX Spectrophotometric titrations show that there is one strong binding site for haemin and several weaker sites. The latter are associated with optical activity opposite in sign to that of the strong complex. The binding profiles are little affected by pH over a wide range, by ionic strength or by the presence of 40% (v/v) dimethylsulphoxide/water, in which the free haemin is monomeric. The binding of haemin to albumin has been followed by spectrophotometry, circular dichroism and fluorescence. The binding of haemin quenches the protein fluorescence, which progressively changes in character from tryptophan to tyrosine type. The haem at the primary binding site thus strongly quenches the tryptophan specifically. From fluorescence titrations at a range of protein concentrations, binding isotherms were constructed, and gave an association constant for the strong site of 50 μM −1 . From binding isotherms based on absorption measurements we can infer the existence of at least four sites with much lower binding constants. A long‐chain fatty acid anion was found to compete with haemin only for the weaker binding sites, so that binding beyond one mole per mole of protein can be essentially eliminated. The open‐chain tetrapyrrole, bilirubin, was found, in agreement with earlier work, not to compete with haemin, as regards the strongest binding sites of either ligand. Between the weaker sites, however, evidence of competition was obtained.
Test trial of a new broadband access technology based on coaxial cable network (2010)

A test trail of the Ethernet Coax Access Network (ECAN) is presented and discussed in the paper. ECAN technology is a broadband access technology based on the existing coaxial network. ECAN employs IEEE802.3ah in the media access control (MAC) layer and transmits the frequency-multiplexed TV signals and multi-level vestige side band (VSB) modulated data signal, which occupies the low-frequency band over the coaxial network. The test trial consists of one coaxial line terminal (CLT), and 24 coaxial network units (CNUs). The test trial supplies the subscribers with VOD and IPTV of HDTV class, high bit-rate Internet access and the ordinary broadcast TV. The noise property of the test trial is also measured and discussed. The test results prove that ECAN is featured with high access capacity, good anti-noise ability, and strong potential of being a powerful competitor in the broadband access over coax.
Theory of Stimulated Raman Scattering (1963)

Relations which describe the gain that is produced by the stimulated Raman scattering of intense light in a Raman-active material are developed entirely in terms of measurable material parameters (such as the ordinary Raman scattering cross sections). It is this gain which must overcome propagation losses in order to achieve the laser action that has been observed from this effect. Expressions for the gain are derived for scattering material either in thermal equilibrium or in certain nonequilibrium conditions. The dynamical equations governing the time behavior of the Raman-laser light are discussed.
A note on equivalent circles, squares, and rectangles (1982)

The scatter dose in the center of a circular beam of photons can be represented by a serial expansion, the first term of which is proportional to the radius. If this term only is used in a scatter integration, the expression becomes proportional to the average radius r of the field contour, whatever its shape. For a square, the ratio between its side and the average diameter d = 2r is s/d = 0.891, the relation between the equivalent circular and square fields for small fields. For rectangles, r is given by the area-to-perimeter ratio multiplied by a function that increases slowly with the elongation ratio. The error term resulting from the use of only the linear term to describe scatter remains small under a variety of conditions.
A New Culture Medium for Medical Bacteriology (1966)

A New Culture Medium for Medical Bacteriology Get access Paul D. Ellner, Ph.D., Paul D. Ellner, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carole Jean Stoessel, M.D., Carole Jean Stoessel, M.D. Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Elaine Drakeford, Elaine Drakeford Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Frank Vasi Frank Vasi Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 45, Issue 4_ts, April 1966, Pages 502–504, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.502 Published: 01 April 1966 Article history Received: 16 October 1965 Published: 01 April 1966
Third-Generation Breathing Metal–Organic Framework with Selective, Stepwise, Reversible, and Hysteretic Adsorption Properties (2013)

A new 2D interdigitated and highly flexible, breathing metal-organic framework has been synthesized through a diffusion technique by using the aldrithiol linker and pyromellitate ligand. The compound shows selective, stepwise, reversible, and hysteretic adsorption properties for CO2 gas and H2O, MeOH, and CH3CN vapors.
Protein Regulators of Eicosanoid Synthesis: Role in Inflammation (2002)

A variety of factors contribute to the complex course of inflammation. Microbiological, immunological and toxic agents can initiate the inflammatory response by activating a variety of humoral and cellular mediators. In the early phase of inflammation, excessive amounts of cytokines and inflammatory mediators are released. These factors activate, in addition to other signaling pathways, the lipid synthesis pathways, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. Arachidonic acid (AA), the precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, is released from membrane phospholipids by the action of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), and is metabolized to prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) by the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, respectively. Disordered activation of PLA(2), LO and COX enzymes have been implicated in many inflammatory diseases. PLA(2) is activated by phospholipase-A(2)-activating protein (PLAP) and LO by 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). The inducible form of COX-2 enzyme, which is usually not present under basal conditions, is induced in inflammation. In this article the function of these enzymes in eicosanoid synthesis, their regulation, and their implication in inflammatory disorders will be reviewed. The properties, function and regulation of the protein activators PLAP and FLAP will also be discussed.
Estimation of Time Series Models in the Presence of Missing Data (1981)

Abstract A method is proposed for the estimation of models for discrete time series in the presence of missing data. Some justification is given for the use of this method over alternatives; the choice of estimator is likely to be governed by the pattern of missing data, the nature of the time series model, and computational considerations. The method's performance in estimating simple models is studied by simulations, and it is applied to a time series of pollution levels containing some missing observations.
Expression of Foreign DNA Is Associated with Paternal Chromosome Degradation in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection-Mediated Transgenesis in the Mouse1 (2003)

The efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-mediated transgenesis is often limited by poor embryo development. Because our previous work indicated that impairment of embryo development is frequently related to chromosomal abnormalities, we hypothesized that foreign DNA and/or conditions used to enhance integration of the DNA might induce chromosome damage. Therefore, we examined the chromosomes of mouse embryos produced by transgenesis with the EGFP gene. Spermatozoa were processed with three methods that cause membrane disruption: freeze-thawing, Triton X-100, or Triton X-100 followed by a sucrose wash. Membrane-disrupted spermatozoa were mixed with EGFP plasmids and injected into metaphase II oocytes. Three endpoints were evaluated: paternal chromosomes of the zygote, embryo capacity to develop in vitro, and expression of the transgene at the morula/blastocyst stage. In all pretreatments, we observed a significant decrease (approximately 2-fold) in the frequency of normal karyoplates when spermatozoa were incubated with exogenous DNA as compared with the treatment when no DNA was added. As predicted, embryo development was correlated with the integrity of the paternal chromosomes of the zygote. Searching for the possible mechanism of chromosome degradation, we used the ion chelators EGTA and EDTA and found that they neutralize the harmful effect of the transgene and stabilize the paternal chromosomes. In the presence of chelating agents, however, the number of embryos expressing EGFP produced with ICSI-mediated transgenesis decreased significantly. The results suggest that treatment of spermatozoa with exogenous DNA leads to paternal chromosome degradation in the zygote. Furthermore, the mechanisms of disruption of paternal chromosomes and the integration of foreign DNA may be closely related.
Production Enhancement for Khafji Field Using Advanced Optimization Techniques (2009)

Abstract The gas lift, by limited capacity of 25 MMSCF/D, was introduced for Khafji field in 1988 which could successfully sustain target rate until mid of 2004. Artificial Lift is part of the long term production sustainability solutions for Khafji Field necessitated by the increase of field water cut and depletion of reservoirs. In order to make up for production decline in Khafji Field and to sustain the field target rate and defer large investments associated with exploration and drilling new wells as well as commissioning new facility expansions, Production Optimization and de-bottlenecking of the existing production system was found to be the best cost effective solution. For that purpose, general optimization and gas lift allocation models have been built and applied for Khafji field as presented by Ghoniem et al1, 2. This paper is an extension to the previous papers for Khafji Field cited above. The optimization approach presented in this paper is based on a field-wide production planning solution, which is achieved by combining steady-state multiphase network simulation with a nonlinear, multivariate optimization technique called Genetic Algorithm (GA) through a newly developed and commercially available optimization application called Avocet Gas Lift OptimizerTM. The present work therefore represents the introduction of a new optimization platform for Khafji crude production and its results with a particular focus to:Building a comprehensive network model for Khafji Field (including wells and production facilities).Demonstrating production gain by the use of advanced optimization techniques (e.g.GA) to sustain field quota.Optimally distributing limited gas lift availability to Khafji Field to enhance production, while taking into multiple well and field constraints. Introduction Khafji field lies in the Arabian Gulf, 40 km east of Al-Khafji city, Saudi Arabia (Fig. 1).The field is composed of several reservoirs for sweet crude. The most prolific ones are 1st and 2nd Bahrain sand. Where, a strong and an active aquifer provides pressure support and water drive to 2nd Bahrain and to a lesser extent to 1st Bahrain. In addition, four other oil reservoirs are currently active namely Ahmadi limestone, B-limestone, Wara sand and Zubair sand which are commonly referred to as minor reservoirs. In Khafji field, there are approximately a hundred wells which are already completed with gas lift injection system. Even though, many remaining gas lift wells are still producing naturally with lower rate, some others are currently being shut in. Thus, the most effective wells for gas lift operation were defined by performing lot of screening using gas lift allocation models.
Monte Carlo methods in ray-tracing software (2002)

Conventionally an optical system is defined by a static description. In this case the raytracing is a deterministic process. But if one allows specific statistical variations of the parameters of the optical system or the parameters of the ray, the options of the raytracing can be extended considerably. Thus, new features for the simulation of optical systems arise. The principles and applications of Monte Carlo methods are shown and discussed. Several examples are presented.
Yarbus, Eye Movements, and Vision (2010)

The impact of Yarbus's research on eye movements was enormous following the translation of his book Eye Movements and Vision into English in 1967. In stark contrast, the published material in English concerning his life is scant. We provide a brief biography of Yarbus and assess his impact on contemporary approaches to research on eye movements. While early interest in his work focused on his study of stabilised retinal images, more recently this has been replaced with interest in his work on the cognitive influences on scanning patterns. We extended his experiment on the effect of instructions on viewing a picture using a portrait of Yarbus rather than a painting. The results obtained broadly supported those found by Yarbus.
Building a Diagnostic Radiology Basic Research Program (1972)

The author urges the development of serious basic research programs in academic diagnostic radiology departments. In his own institution the organizational structure of such a program is comparable to that of long-established patterns in other clinical departments. The nucleus of the research section is a cell biology unit in charge of a Ph.D. basic scientist. Neuroradiology and bone research laboratories are immediately adjacent to this unit and interdigitate closely with it. At present, depth studies are being made of cerebrospinal fluid physiology and normal bone development and how these may be altered by pathological processes.
Projected fringe profilometry for non-diffusive objects (2014)

A scanning approach using fringe projection techniques to perform the 3D profile measurement for a non-diffusive object is proposed. It employs a hologram as the fringe projection device. Even though the inspected object is nondiffusive, the proposed method can retrieve the 3D shape precisely. Surfaces with depth discontinuities can be retrieved very well.
Digital multimedia (2000)

From the Publisher:
A major new textbook Digital Multimedia by Nigel and Jenny Chapman provides a fresh contemporary definition of the emergent discipline of multimedia. It is designed to support instructors by providing a rigorous introduction to the technical scope of this subject. With a coherent approach to its multifarious nature, the book covers all of the essential technical ground, with full awareness of the design, cultural and usability 
aspects of multimedia. This book will inspire students to develop the potential of multimedia for new forms of expression that are enabled by computers and networks. 
Concepts Covered: 
Descriptions of the characteristics of individual media provide the essential starting points for understanding how to combine them. Graphics, text and time-based media are introduced in the context of their digital representation and manipulation. The combination of media within the different frameworks of hypermedia and time-based authoring is described. Interactivity through scripting, and the communications 
technology that supports distributed multimedia are expolored in detail. Hardware, software and networking capabilities are thoroughly detailed with the backup of motivating and illuminating examples. All this and still the excitement of creating multimedia is conveyed, making this as rich and rewarding a book as the subject itself. 
Support for Practice through Principles and Theory: 
Digital Multimedia makes reference to the common tools and applications used for production and manipulation of media, but a companion text in development, Digital Media Tools, due in Spring 2001, addresses the effective use of these packages in moredetail.
Reflectance and albedo differences between wet and dry surfaces (1986)

It is commonly observed that natural multiple-scattering media such as sand and soils become noticeably darker when wet. The primary reason for this is that changing the medium surrounding the particles from air to water decreases their relative refractive index, hence increases the average degree of forwardness of scattering as determined by the asymmetry parameter (mean cosine of the scattering angle). As a consequence, incident photons have to be scattered more times before reemerging from the medium and are, therefore, exposed to a greater probability of being absorbed. A simple theory incorporating this idea yields results that are in reasonable agreement with the few measurements available in the literature, although there are differences. Our measurements of the reflectance of sand wetted with various liquids are in reasonably good agreement with the simple theory. We suggest that the difference between reflectances of wet and dry surfaces may have implications for remote sensing.
Cardiac Expression of Tnnt1 Requires the GATA4-FOG2 Transcription Complex (2009)

Previous work by us and others has shown that the loss of interaction between GATA4 and FOG2 protein partners is embryonic lethal due to heart failure at embryonic day (E) 13.5; however, the role of this important protein duo in various cardiac compartments (e.g., myocardial, endocardial, or epicardial cells) remains to be understood. Although a dual role (both as an activator and a repressor) for the GATA4-FOG2 transcriptional complex has been put forward, the specific genes under GATA4-FOG2 control in the developing heart have remained largely elusive. Since the myocardial-restricted Fog2 re-expression in the Fog2 null embryos is sufficient to extend their life span, identification of GATA4-FOG2 target genes in cardiomyocytes could shed light on the molecular mechanism of GATA4-FOG2 action in these cells. We report here that cardiac expression of slow skeletal troponin T (Tnnt1) strictly depends on the physical interaction between GATA4-FOG2 in the myocardium of both atria and ventricles.
Studies on Chalcones : Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Aryl-4-carboxy-6-acetylquinoline and 2-Aryl-4-carboxy-6-benzalacetoquinolines (1984)

Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005 <em>Manuscript received 25 July 1983, revised 21 April 1984, accepted 15 August 1984</em> Studies on Chalcones : Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Aryl-4-carboxy-6-acetylquinoline and 2-Aryl-4-carboxy-6-benzalacetoquinolines
Emodin protects rat liver from CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced fibrogenesis via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation (2009)

Emodin protects the rat liver from CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation. Emodin might be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
HUMAN CELL-MEDIATED REJECTION OF PORCINE XENOGRAFTS IN AN IMMUNODEFICIENT MOUSE MODEL1 (1997)

The development and characterization of a small animal model, to study cellular immune responses of human cells to discordant xenografts in vivo, should provide a convenient means for asking mechanistic questions related to discordant xenotransplantation, and may also provide a practical system for testing new approaches designed to prevent xenograft rejection.
The effect of antifreeze proteins and poly(vinyl alcohol) on the nucleation of ice: a preliminary study. (2004)

Three substances have been tested for ice nucleation inhibition. These were an antifreeze protein AFP III from the fish Macrozoarces americanus, an antifreeze glycoprotein AFGP from the fish Dissostichus mawsoni, and an 80% hydrolysed poly(vinyl alcohol) with a molecular weight of 9 to 10 kD. A nucleation spectrometer was used to test nucleation inhibition at a range of concentrations against two types of ice nuclei: those present in tap water and a bacterial nucleator from Pseudomonas syringae. The PVA reduced the nucleation temperature of tap water and the bacterial dispersions at all the concentrations which were tested. The AFGP reduced the nucleation temperature of tap water but enhanced the nucleation activity of the bacterial nucleators. At low concentrations the AFP III reduced the nucleation temperature of both tap water and the bacterial nucleator. At high concentrations the AFP III enhanced the nucleation temperature of the bacterial nucleator and broadened the nucleation spectrum of the tap water to encompass the nucleation spread of the control. The possible mechanisms of nucleation suppression and enhancement are discussed.