gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Perspective toward Practical Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2020)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have long been expected to be a promising high-energy-density secondary battery system since their first prototype in the 1960s. During the past decade, great progress has been achieved in promoting the performances of Li-S batteries by addressing the challenges at the laboratory-level model systems. With growing attention paid to the application of Li-S batteries, new challenges at practical cell scales emerge as the bottleneck. In this Outlook, the key parameters for practical Li-S batteries to achieve practical high energy density are emphasized regarding high-sulfur-loading cathodes, lean electrolytes, and limited excess anodes. Subsequently, the key scientific problems are redefined in practical Li-S batteries beyond the previous ones under ideal conditions. Finally, viable strategies are proposed to address the above challenges as future research directions.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHF CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-TIO2 NANO-FLUIDS (2018)

CHF characteristics of nano- fluids were investigated with different volumetric concentrations of nanoparticles. Pool boiling experiments indicated that the application of nano-fluids, instead of pure water, as a cooling liquid significantly increased the CHF. SEM (scanning electron microscope) observations subsequent to the pool boiling experiments revealed that nanoparticles were coated on the heating surface during pool boiling of nano-fluids. In order to investigate the roles of nanoparticles in CHF enhancement ofb nano-fluids, pool boiling experiments were performed using (a) a nanoparticle-coated heater, prepared by pool boiling of nano-fluids, immersed in pure water and (b) a nanoparticle-coated heater immersed in nano-fluids. The results demonstrated two different roles of nanoparticles in CHF enhancement using nano-fluids: the effect of nanoparticles coated on the heater surface and the effect of nanoparticles suspended in nano- fluids.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and the gingerols inhibit the growth of Cag A+ strains of Helicobacter pylori. (2004)

These data demonstrate that ginger root extracts containing the gingerols inhibit the growth of H. pylori CagA+ strains in vitro and this activity may contribute to its chemopreventative effects.
GABA Neurons and the Mechanisms of Network Oscillations: Implications for Understanding Cortical Dysfunction in Schizophrenia (2008)

Synchronization of neuronal activity in the neocortex may underlie the coordination of neural representations and thus is critical for optimal cognitive function. Because cognitive deficits are the major determinant of functional outcome in schizophrenia, identifying their neural basis is important for the development of new therapeutic interventions. Here we review the data suggesting that phasic synaptic inhibition mediated by specific subtypes of cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons is essential for the production of synchronized network oscillations. We also discuss evidence indicating that GABA neurotransmission is altered in schizophrenia and propose mechanisms by which such alterations can decrease the strength of inhibitory connections in a cell-type-specific manner. We suggest that some alterations observed in the neocortex of schizophrenia subjects may be compensatory responses that partially restore inhibitory synaptic efficacy. The findings of altered neural synchrony and impaired cognitive function in schizophrenia suggest that such compensatory responses are insufficient and that interventions aimed at augmenting the efficacy of GABA neurotransmission might be of therapeutic value.
Testing Active Neighborhood Pattern-Sensitive Faults of Ternary Content Addressable Memories (2006)

With the shrinking feature size and the growing density, testing neighborhood pattern-sensitive faults (NPSFs) of integrated circuits is more and more important, especially testing NPSFs of semiconductor memories. This paper presents a test algorithm for detecting the active NPSFs (ANPSFs) in ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs). Due to the special TCAM cell structure, unique test algorithm with only march-based test operations or only two-group test operations is not efficient. We propose a test methodology with both march-based and two-group tests to cover 100% ANPSFs in TCAMs. The total test complexity is 156 for an -bit TCAM. Also, no TCAM circuit modification is needed to support the proposed test methodology.
Applications of mass spectrometry for the structural characterization of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals (2007)

Therapeutic proteins produced using recombinant DNA technologies are generally complex, heterogeneous, and subject to a variety of enzymatic or chemical modifications during expression, purification, and long-term storage. The use of mass spectrometry (MS) for the evaluation of recombinant protein sequence and structure provides detailed information regarding amino acid modifications and sequence alterations that have the potential to affect the safety and activity of therapeutic protein products. General MS approaches for the characterization of recombinant therapeutic protein products will be reviewed with particular attention given to the standard MS tools available in most biotechnology laboratories. A number of recent examples will be used to illustrate the utility of MS strategies for evaluation of recombinant protein heterogeneity resulting from post-translational modifications (PTMs), sequence variations generated from proteolysis or transcriptional/translational errors, and degradation products which are formed during processing or final product storage. Specific attention will be given to the MS characterization of monoclonal antibodies as a model system for large, glycosylated, recombinant proteins. Detailed examples highlighting the use of MS for the analysis of monoclonal antibody glycosylation, deamidation, and disulfide mapping will be used to illustrate the application of these techniques to a wide variety of heterogeneous therapeutic protein products. The potential use of MS to support the selection of cell line/clone selection and formulation development for therapeutic antibody products will also be discussed.
Aristotle's Investigation of a Basic Logical Principle: Which Science Investigates The Principle of Non-Contradiction? (1986)

Aristotle shares with Plato the attitude that the world, ‘the all,’ is a kosmos, a well-ordered and beautiful whole which, as such, can be rendered intelligible, or understood, by the intellect. One understands things, generally speaking, by tracing them back to their sources, origins or principles (ἀρχαί) and causes or explanatory factors (αἰτίαι), and seeing in what manner they are related to these principles. We know, or understand, a thing when we grasp ‘the why’ or cause. Consequently, understanding is systematic. Some things we understand through themselves - these are the first principles and as such are not understood by tracing them back to causes. (The first causes have no causes.) We understand other things by systematically relating them in appropriate ways to what is known through itself. These other things are known through, or by means of, their causes and principles.
“Aunt Jemima is Alive and Cookin’?” An Advertiser’s Dilemma of Competing Collective Memories (2007)

This article discusses how a proposed advertising theme created a strategic and public relations dilemma for a team of modern-day marketing executives when viewed in the context of the promotional history of the Aunt Jemima brand. Using collective memory theory as a framework, this article explores alternative perspectives of the brand’s image among black and white consumers in light of a controversial proposed advertising theme. Archival records housed in the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History allow for a reconstruction of the executives’ decision scenario, ramifications of the advertising strategy, and a discussion of implications for contemporary practitioners.
A fully qualified top-down and bottom-up mixed-signal design flow for non volatile memories technologies (2003)

The wide range and rapid increase in the complexity of EDA tools demand proven and safe design flows. This paper presents a complete and fully qualified mixed-signal top-down design flow for non volatile memory applications. It has been successfully applied to an embedded flash macrocell based design as well as to a 14 bit analog/digital converter with digital non linearity compensation manufactured in 0.18 /spl mu/m proprietary flash technology. One remarkable feature of the proposed methodology is the high level of integration among EDA tools from different vendors and internally developed solutions. The mixed-signal domain has been really explored at all levels: functional, behavioural, VHDL/schematic and post layout with parasitic components. Furthermore, we propose a bottom-up methodology to generate and validate VHDL-AMS models for IP analog cells. All the illustrated features are integrated in a design flow which provides full compatibility and flexibility between analog and digital design steps to cut down time-to-design, improve time-to-market and streamline design quality.
Spherical and Aspheric Microlenses Fabricated by Excimer Laser LIGA-like Process (2006)

This paper presents an effective and low-cost method for fabricating spherical and aspheric microlenses based on excimer laser LIGA-like processes. It is based on a newly developed excimer laser micromachining technique that can accurately machine a 3D microstructure with a predetermined continuous surface profile. The method is called the planetary scanning method since it is based on a combination of sample rotation and revolution and a concept of laser machining probability. Spherical and aspheric microlenses with precise and smooth surface profiles are fabricated by direct laser machining on polymer materials. Laser-machined microlenses are replicated by electroforming to obtain inverse metal molds. Finally, plastic microlenses are replicated from these metal molds using hot embossing method. The profile accuracy and surface roughness of the produced microlenses at each stage have been measured and monitored. The average surface profile accuracy is better than 1μm and average surface roughness is less than 10nm. Optical performance of the fabricated microlenses is evaluated by measuring the light intensity distribution at the focal plane and the focal length. Experimental data show that the characteristics of fabricated spherical and aspheric microlenses are well matched to the theoretical predictions, which demonstrates the controllability and accuracy of this micromachining process. Potential applications and further developments will be addressed.
Subpicosecond time-resolved coherent-phonon oscillations in GaAs (1990)

Coherent LO phonons are excited at the surface of bulk GaAs with femtosecond laser pulses. They are observed for the first time through electro-optic modulations of the transient reflectivity. The corresponding signal oscillations are superimposed upon an additional longitudinal polarization feature which decays exponentially and whose rise time is sufficiently short to act as a driving force for the coherent phonons. The components of the coherent phonon states dephase relative to each other in the order of picoseconds depending on the density of optically excited electron-hole pairs.
Maturation of cerebellar neuroblastoma into ganglioneuroma with melanosis. A histologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study (1987)

A ganglioneuroma with areas of melanosis was resected from the cerebellum of a 6.5-year-old girl. At 2.5 years of age, she was diagnosed to have cerebellar neuroblastoma, which was incompletely resected and then radiated. Histologic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical studies undertaken on tissue from both stages of the tumor demonstrated a neuroblastic origin and differentiation into a predominantly neuronal tumor with limited astroglial participation. In addition, widespread deposition of basal lamina material, perineuronal distribution of S-100 protein-bearing cells and melanosis were found. The various features and unusual biology of the tumor are discussed in the light of a review of the literature.
Inhibition of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway Improves Cell Viability in Response to Oxidant Injury (2003)

Oxidant insults can lead to apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death. Lung epithelial cells exposed to high levels of oxygen do not die via apoptosis, but through a much slower, morphologically distinct process involving cell and nuclear swelling. In contrast, H2O2 induces a rapid apoptotic cell death. We first assessed the effect of oxidant exposure on activator protein-1 (c-Jun and Fos) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation in MLE12 cells. Both oxidants induced c-Jun and Fos expression, albeit with a different pattern of regulation-hyperoxia (95% O2) induced a biphasic response, whereas H2O2 (500 microM) induced a sustained response. We then examined the role of JNK by Western blot, JNK activity assay, and a pull-down assay and observed an identical pattern of regulation. To assess whether JNK functions in a pro-death or pro-survival capacity, we generated stable cell lines that constitutively express a dominant-negative mutation of JNK resulting in significant inhibition of JNK activity. Inhibition of the JNK pathway in this manner prevented hyperoxic and H2O2-induced cell death. These results demonstrate that hyperoxic cell death is pathway-driven and that both modes of death involve the JNK signaling pathway.
Stable isotope-labeled tracers for the investigation of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in humans<i>in vivo</i> (2009)

Understanding lipid metabolism and its regulation requires information on the rates at which lipids are produced within the body, absorbed (dietary lipids) into the body, transported within the body, and utilized by various tissues. This article focuses on the use of stable isotope-labeled tracers for the quantitative evaluation of major pathways of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in humans in vivo. Adipose tissue lipolysis and free fatty acid appearance in plasma, fatty acid tissue uptake and oxidation, and hepatic very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion are among the metabolic pathways that can be studied by using stable isotope labeled tracers, and will be discussed in detail. The methodology has been in use for many years and is constantly being refined. A variety of tracers and analytical approaches are available and can be used; knowing the advantages, assumptions, and limitations of each is essential for the planning of studies and the interpretation of data, which can provide unique insights into human lipid metabolism.
Design of Real-Time Dynamic Reversible Lane in Intelligent Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (2020)

The rapidly growing traffic demand and the slowly increasing traffic supply have produced an mounting contradiction, which is mainly manifested in cities as road congestion and unbalanced bidirectional traffic flow. Most of the reversible lanes are implemented on fixed sections and fixed times and are mainly guided by ground markings, road signs, railings, and traffic police officer. It requires a lot of human and material costs. And, the control effect is lagging and inaccurate. Aiming at these problems, a real-time dynamic reversible lane scheme in the Intelligent Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS) was proposed. Traffic information was collected in real time through the CVIS, and a reversible lane scheme was established based on the real-time service level <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math> and BRP functions. A lane change control model was applied to determine the number of lanes and the timing of lane changes. Then, the reversible lanes were managed in real time through intelligent road stud lights and light curtain walls. Buffer sections and no-entry sections were set to ensure reversible lanes operating safely and efficiently. VISSIM simulation was used for case analysis, and the results showed that compared with the traditional time-controlled reversible lane scheme, the real-time dynamic reversible lane scheme could reduce the average vehicle delay by 27.4% and decrease the vehicle VOC, CO and NO X emissions by 13.5%.
Amino acid sequence of bovine brain derived class 1 heparin-binding growth factor (1986)

The major class 1 heparin-binding growth factor from bovine brain is a single-chain polypeptide of 140 amino acids with a molecular weight of 15 877. It has the amino acid sequence Phe1-Asn-Leu-Pro-Leu-Gly-Asn-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Pro-Lys-Leu-Leu- Tyr15-Cys-Ser- Asn-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Phe-Leu-Arg-Ile-Leu-Pro-Asp-Gly-Thr30-Val-Asp-Gly- Thr-Lys-Asp-Arg- Ser-Asp-Gln-His-Ile-Gln-Leu-Gln45-Leu-Cys-Ala-Glu-Ser-Ile-Gly- Glu-Val-Tyr-Ile- Lys-Ser-Thr-Glu60-Thr-Gly-Gln-Phe-Leu-Ala-Met-Asp-Thr-Asp-Gly- Leu-Leu-Tyr-Gly75- Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Asn-Glu-Glu-Cys-Leu-Phe-Leu-Glu-Arg-Leu- Glu90-Glu-Asn-His-Tyr- Asn-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Lys-Lys-His-Ala-Glu-Lys105-His-Trp-Phe-Val -Gly-Leu-Lys-Lys- Asn-Gly-Arg-Ser-Lys-Leu-Gly120-Pro-Arg-Thr-His-Phe-Gly-Gln-Lys -Ala-Ile-Leu-Phe-Leu-Pro-Leu135-Pro-Val-Ser-Ser-Asp140-OH. The mitogen is homologous to the class 2 heparin-binding growth factor pituitary fibroblast growth factor with about 50% of the amino acids being identical between the two mitogens.
Estrogen Receptor α and Activating Protein-1 Mediate Estrogen Responsiveness of the Progesterone Receptor Gene in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells (2002)

The progesterone receptor (PR) gene is activated by estrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Although the human PR gene does not contain an estrogen response element (ERE), we have identified a putative activating protein-1 (AP-1) site at +90 in the PR gene that was hypersensitive to deoxyribonuclease I cleavage in genomic Southern analysis, bound purified Fos and Jun, formed a complex with Fos/Jun heterodimers present in MCF-7 nuclear extracts in gel mobility shift assays, and functioned as an estrogen-responsive enhancer in transient cotransfection assays. When the +90 AP-1 site was mutated in the context of the PR gene, estrogen responsiveness was significantly decreased. Purified estrogen receptor (ER) enhanced binding of Fos and Jun to the +90 AP-1 site and bound to an adjacent imperfect ERE half-site. Mutating this ERE half-site diminished the binding of ER, Fos, and Jun and decreased transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the ER, Fos, and Jun were present at the +90 AP-1 site in the endogenous PR gene only after treatment of MCF-7 cells with estrogen. These studies suggest that the cooperative interaction of the ER with Fos and Jun proteins helps confer estrogen responsiveness to the endogenous PR gene.
Generalized <i>K</i>-Harmonic Means – Dynamic Weighting of Data in Unsupervised Learning (2001)

We propose a new class of center-based iterative clustering algorithms, K-Harmonic Means (KHMp), which is essentially insensitive to the initialization of the centers, demonstrated through many experiments. The insensitivity to initialization is attributed to a dynamic weighting function, which increases the importance of the data points that are far from any centers in the next iteration. The dependency of the K-Means' and EM's performance on the initialization of the centers has been a major problem. Many have tried to generate good initializations to solve the sensitivity problem. KHMp addresses the intrinsic problem by replacing the minimum distance from a data point to the centers, used in K-Means, by the Harmonic Averages of the distances from the data point to all centers. KHMp significantly improves the quality of clustering results comparing with both K-Means and EM. The KHMp algorithms have been implemented in both sequential and parallel languages and tested on hundreds of randomly generated datasets with different data distribution and clustering characteristics.
DC-EEG for routine clinical use : methods and clinical impact (2006)

The aim of this work was to map the requirements of extending the EEG recording bandwidth down to direct current (DC). Standard methods of clinical electroencephalography (EEG) are based on AC-coupled recording devices with a typical high-pass cut-off frequency at 0.5 Hz. Amplifier and electrode technology together with millivolt scale skin originated signals, have all rejected the recording of EEG signals down to DC. In the early days of EEG, high-pass filtering was introduced to prevent saturation of the amplifier, thereby making DC-stability an irrelevant topic in electrode and amplifier development. Occasionally, researchers have recorded EEG down to DC, but the needed technology and method(s) have never been widely known. This thesis presents solutions to overcome the above mentioned problems.\n\nEarly invasive experiments have shown that a significant potential difference prevails between the brain and other body tissues. However, the clinical significance and the potential diagnostic applications of infra-slow EEG signals have been a subject of little interest. This study was carried out in order to develop a method that would, for the first time, make routine bedside recording of DC-EEG possible, and to apply it in the clinic. The work included construction of a multi-channel DC-EEG amplifier that meets medical safety specifications as well as the data acquisition and analysis software. Different types of commercially available EEG electrodes and gels were investigated. The obtained results clearly point to the combination of a chloride-containing gel and silver|silverchloride (Ag|AgCl) electrodes as a prerequisite of adequate DC-EEG recording. Due to the fact that significant infra-slow skin-borne signals could contaminate DC-EEG, the means of short-circuiting the signal source in skin were studied to find one that is practical in clinical applications. Two studies were carried out to shed light on the role of the blood-brain barrier and brain haemodynamics in mechanisms underlying DC-shifts.\n\nFinally, the developed methods were applied on preterm infants and on patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Very slow activity patterns of potential diagnostic value were observed in preterm EEG, and DC-shifts were found useful in lateralization of the origin of temporal lobe seizures. Taken together, the results indicate that DC-EEG can now for the first time be applied as a routine bedside method, and that infra-low frequency EEG data have a promising diagnostic value.
Design of Low Power FFT Processor for OFDM Wireless Communication Systems (2013)

The demand for high-speed mobile wireless communications is rapidly growing. OFDM technology promises to be a key technique for achieving the high data capacity and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems of the near future. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing is one of the key procedures in popular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. Structured pipeline architectures, low power consumption, high speed and reduced chip area are the main concerns in this VLSI implementation. In this paper, the efficient implementation of FFT processor for OFDM applications is presented. This processor can be used in various OFDM-based communication systems, such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access (Wi-Max), digital audio broadcasting (DAB), digital video broadcasting- terrestrial (DVB-T). The three processing elements (PE's), delay-line (DL) buffers are used for computing FFT. Thus we consume low power, low hardware cost high efficiency and reduced chip size.