gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Controlled CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser cutting on the border to beginning of plasma</title> (2001)

The content of the presented work is an experimental investigation in the border range between inert gas melt cutting and the plasma generation point. Based on spectral emission measurements, a photo detector with a wavelength sensitivity of 400 - 800 nm was found to be suitable for detecting the development of plasma. The detector was positioned behind a coated ZnSe mirror to measure the process signal coaxially. Parameter investigations show the influence of the cutting gas pressure and feed rate on the ignition of plasma. By increasing the feed rate to the maximum cutting speed, the amplitude of sudden plasma sparking increases. To avoid this effect, a concept for a closed-loop control system in order to eliminate the plasma sparking is presented.
Behavioral Ecology of Mating in the Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1983)

Observations on the behavioral ecology of Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were made during spring and summer 1981 on Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) host trees. General activity patterns were as follows: males and females were active on fruit in the early morning (males feeding and courting, females feeding and ovipositing), but moved to positions under shaded leaves in the peripheral canopy in mid-morning as light intensity and temperature increased. In the late afternoon males fought for single-leaf territories, puffed to produce sex pheromone, and called with acoustic signals. Almost all matings took place following attraction of females to these displaying males. Males therefore had 2 mating modes, searching on fruit and displaying under leaves. Territorial fights were an important part of the more profitable mode. Large size and residence were correlated with success in fights.
Clustering characterization for UWB indoor communications (2010)

In this paper, cluster characteristics of UWB channels are analyzed based on experimental channel measurements performed in a hall, meeting room and corridors for both LOS and NLOS scenarios. The UWB indoor channels can be generally classified as single- and multi- cluster channels, since single-exponential decay function and a modified multi-cluster model can be used for characterizing the two cluster channels. The multipath components (MPCs) in the single- and multi- cluster channels are associated with uniform distribution and limited angular spread, respectively. Moreover, the modified multi-cluster model is compared with the classical Saleh-Valenzuela model. It is shown that the modified cluster model is better in fitting measurement data and the parameters in the model physically indicate cluster properties of propagation channel. The presented results are useful for design of UWB systems and standardization groups.
Growth rate of loudness, annoyance, and noisiness as a function of tone location within the noise spectrum (1984)

The relation between overall perceived magnitude (loudness, annoyance, and noisiness) of noise-tone complexes and the location of the tone within the spectrum was investigated by absolute magnitude estimation (AME). Single tones at 250, 1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz were added to low-and high-pass noises. In contrast to noisiness, loudness and annoyance growth behavior depends on the relationship between the frequency of the added tone and the spectral shape of the noise. Tones centered in noise produce nonmonotonic loudness and annoyance growth functions; those added to the skirt produce power functions. The measured exponents are invariant across tone-to-noise ratio when the tones are positioned within the spectrum, but not when they are added to the skirt. Moreover, for complexes at approximately the same overall SPL, the tone's position determines the functional relationship between loudness (or annoyance) and tone-to-noise ratio. Although a tone correction for annoyance is warranted for certain noise-tone configurations, none of the proposed calculation procedures considers all the variables relevant to perceived annoyance of tonal components. To a large extent, complex auditory interactions generated by the simultaneous presentation of noise and tone can account for the observed effects.
유아교사의 전문성과 관련된 변인들 간의 구조모형 분석: 교사의 학력, 경력, 역할수행, 자기장학을 중심으로 (2008)

본 연구는 유아교사의 전문성 발달에 영향을 미치는 요인들 중 유아교사의 전문성 발달과의 관련성을 구조적으로 탐색하여 그 경로를 알아보고자 하였다. 유아교사의 전문성 관련 변인인 유아교사의 학력, 경력, 역할수행, 자기장학의 상호간의 직접 및 간접적 관련성을 통하여 유아교사의 전문성 발달에 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과 유아교사의 경력, 자기장학, 역할수행은 유아교사의 전문성 발달에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 변인으로 나타났으며, 유아교사의 학력→자기장학→전문성발달, 또는 유아교사의 학력→자기장학→역할수행→전문성발달로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
On event-based motion detection and integration (2015)

Event-based vision sensors sample individual pixels at a much higher temporal resolution and provide a representation of the visual input available in their receptive fields that is temporally independent of neighboring pixels. The information available on pixel level for subsequent processing stage
Automatic Pattern-Taxonomy Extraction for Web Mining (2004)

In this paper, we propose a model for discovering frequent sequential patterns, phrases, which can be used as profile descriptors of documents. It is indubitable that we can obtain numerous phrases using data mining algorithms. However, it is difficult to use these phrases effectively for answering what users want. Therefore, we present a pattern taxonomy extraction model which performs the task of extracting descriptive frequent sequential patterns by pruning the meaningless ones. The model then is extended and tested by applying it to the information filtering system. The results of the experiment show that pattern-based methods outperform the keyword-based methods. The results also indicate that removal of meaningless patterns not only reduces the cost of computation but also improves the effectiveness of the system.
Condensed tannins. 13. Interrelationships of flavonoid components from the heartwood of <i>Robinia pseudacacia</i> (1962)

The wood of the locust tree (Robinia p8eudacacia L.) consists mainly of yellow-brown heartwood with a narrow margin of white sapwood, the heartwood being well known for its durability and resistance to insects. The heartwood was shown to contain 7,3',4',5'-tetrahydroxyflavonol (robinetin), by Schmid & Pietsch (1931), Brass & Kranz (1932) and Schmid & Tadros (1932), and also the corresponding flavanonol, (+ )-dihydrorobinetin, by Freudenberg & Hartmann (1954). (+ )-Di- hydrorobinetin apparently occurs mainly in parti- ally racemized form, and Freudenberg & Roux {1954) converted it by catalytic hydrogenation into ( ) -7,3',4',5' -tetrahydroxyflavan -3,4 -diol.
매화문양을 활용한 인테리어 소품 개발 -레이저 커팅 기법을 중심으로- (2013)

디자인에 대한 산업적 관심만이 아니라 문화적 관심이 증대되면서 전통문양을 활용한 제품의 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이와 같은 시점에서, 본 연구는 전통문양 중 매화문을 활용한 인테리어 소품을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 재료는 펠트를 사용했으며, 제품군은 장식 매트를 선정했다. 문양의 배치는 규칙적인 배치와 불규칙적인 배치를 각각 적용해 제작했으며 기법적인 측면에서는 레이저 커팅을 사용했다. 기존의 기법제품들이 컷-컷 기법을 주로 사용하고 있었던 것에 반해, 본 연구에서는 여러 기법을 복합적으로 사용해 다양한 효과를 얻을 수 있도록 했다. 펠트를 활용해 레이저 커팅을 하면 기존의 패브릭 제품과 달리 올풀림이 없기 때문에 제품의 외곽선을 다양하게 제작할 수 있어, 문양이 곧 작품의 형태로 활용될 수 있는 장점이 있었다. 작고 섬세한 표현은 인그레이빙 기법이 가장 효과적이었다. 또한 복합적인 기법의 활용으로 다양한 효과를 연출 할 수 있는 제품이 제작 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 소비자 조사 결과 원형, 일자형, 그리고 산재형 배치의 제품 중 원형 배치의 제품 디자인을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 각 제품의 커팅 기법으로는 원형 디자인의 제품에서는 키스컷, 일자형에서는 컷컷과 키스컷의 복합기법, 산재형에서는 컷컷기법을 가장 선호했다.
Antibodies raised against the outer membrane protein interrupt adherence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (1995)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) is a distinct category of diarrheal pathogen implicated as the cause of persistent diarrhea. The pathogen exhibits a characteristic "stacked-brick" pattern of aggregation when incubated with HEp-2 cells. The outer membrane protein (OMP) profile of a prototype EAggEC strain (F03) reflected the presence of one major 30-kDa protein. The OMP is expressed in the presence of the 60-MDa plasmid that the strain harbors. Antibodies were raised against the OMP by injecting the protein into a rabbit. The manifestation of an adherence phenotype on HEp-2 cells was observed for F03 and other strains that express OMP in the presence and absence of anti-OMP serum. Clumps of bacteria forming an aggregative pattern were observed in the HEp-2 cell assay in the absence of OMP antibodies, whereas a few bacteria attached to the cells in the presence of OMP antibodies. Mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes observed in the presence of EAggEC strains was inhibited in the presence of anti-OMP serum. Sequence analysis of a peptide generated by protease digestion of OMP exhibited 90% homology to a peptide of flagellin protein encoded by the hag gene of Serratia marcescens. Immunolabeling of the outer membrane by colloidal gold confirmed the protein to be an OMP. Our results suggest that the OMP of EAggEC have common antigenic properties. Antibodies raised against the protein can prevent adherence in vitro and could potentially interrupt the natural disease.
In vitro nonsense suppression in [psi+] and [psi-] cell-free lysates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1983)

An homologous in vitro assay for yeast nonsense suppressors was used to examine the effect of the cytoplasmically inherited genetic determinant [psi] on the efficiency of in vitro nonsense suppression. The efficiency of all three types of yeast tRNA-mediated nonsense suppressor (ochre, amber, and UGA) is much greater in cell-free lysates prepared from a sup+ [psi+] strain than in lysates prepared from an isogeneic sup+ [psi-] strain. Lysates prepared from a [psi-] strain, into which the [psi+] determinant was reintroduced by kar1-mediated cytoduction, support efficient suppression. Evidence is also presented that [psi-] lysates contain an inhibitor of in vitro nonsense suppression.
Fast car detection using image strip features (2009)

This paper presents a fast method for detecting multi-view cars in real-world scenes. Cars are artificial objects with various appearance changes, but they have relatively consistent characteristics in structure that consist of some basic local elements. Inspired by this, we propose a novel set of image strip features to describe the appearances of those elements. The new features represent various types of lines and arcs with edge-like and ridge-like strip patterns, which significantly enrich the simple features such as haar-like features and edgelet features. They can also be calculated efficiently using the integral image. Moreover, we develop a new complexity-aware criterion for RealBoost algorithm to balance the discriminative capability and efficiency of the selected features. The experimental results on widely used single view and multi-view car datasets show that our approach is fast and has good performance.
Philipp Koehn: Statistical Machine Translation. (2011)

‘Something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue’, the wedding tradition saying can be quoted here to describe the main features of Statistical Machine Translation written by Philipp Koehn. As a new discipline, machine translation (MT) has only developed for 60 years, a history much shorter than that of linguistics and mathematics. Especially, statistical machine translation (SMT), a branch of MT, has only become popularized since the 1980s. However, the ‘old’ ingredients of linguistic and mathematical knowledge are necessary and a must in this new field. The foundation part of this book (the first three chapters) introduces the basic knowledge. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the book by providing a summary of each chapter and the layout of the book. This chapter also introduces the general history of MT, the possible applications of MT technologies including Fully-Automatic High-Quality Machine Translation (FAHQMT), gisting, speech translation, translation on hand-held devices, post-editing, and translating tools. Finally, it provides a list of available resources (tools and corpora) for Statistical Machine Translation readers. Chapter 2 introduces basic linguistic concepts related to morphology, syntax, and semantics from the point of view of SMT, including tokenization, Zipf’s law (an empirical formula for the distribution of words in a corpus), parts of speech, ambiguity, and different grammatical formalisms. It also discusses the acquisition of parallel corpora and aligned bilingual texts. Chapter 3 introduces the basic concepts of mathematical probability theory and information theory, which are essential in SMT. Binomial and normal distributions, chain rule, Bayes rule—a theorem on conditional probabilities, entropy, and mutual information, etc. are presented. Remarkably, in the second part (core methods) and the last part (advanced topics), Koehn emphasizes the application of linguistic knowledge and the derivation of mathematical formula when he introduces various models and methods. Chapter 10 entitled ‘Integrating Linguistic Information’ shows how morphological and syntactical linguistic information can be integrated into SMT systems. Three possible points of linguistic information integration are analyzed: as a pre-processing stage, as a post-processing stage and as an inner extension of phrase-based models. Some ideas on the transliteration of names in different languages (Chinese, Japanese, Latin, and Arabic) are also given in this chapter. These are something ‘old’ in this book.
The role of nuclear factor‐κB in rats of radiocontrast‐media‐induced nephropathy (2008)

This study was undertaken to examine the possible role of the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in rat of radiocontrast-media-induced nephropathy (RCIN) and to explore the characteristic of RCIN in rats and the role of NF-kappaB in its occurrence. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Groups A-D. Rats of Groups A and B were intravenously injected with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg), respectively. Rats of Groups C and D were intravenously injected with 1-M phosphate buffer (PH = 8.4 3 mL/kg) and normal saline (NS 2 mL/kg), respectively. After 30 min, Groups A and D were injected with NS (8 mL/kg) and Groups B and C were injected with diatrizoate (DTZ 8 mL/kg). After injected contrast media (CM) for 6 h, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of rat in Group B increased sharply as compared with Groups A, C, and D. After 48 h, the data recovered to 49.28 +/- 8.81 mumol/L and 6.72 +/- 2.75 mmol/L, respectively. Vacuolization of the tubule epithelial cells of the kidney was observed in Group A. Especially, these pathological changes were most obvious in outer medulla. Contrast to group A, the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB in rat kidney of Group B reached a peak at the 6th h and recovered to the normal level after the 48th h. CM mainly damages renal tubular-interstitial, which appears the earliest and most serious in the outer medulla. Activation of NF-kappaB of renal may be one of the mechanisms of RCIN occurrence.
COMPLETING THE CIRCUIT (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCOMPLETING THE CIRCUITChemical companies are scrambling to supply the materials needed to make the next generations of computer chipsMICHAEL MCCOYView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 47, 17–24Publication Date (Print):November 20, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 20 November 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n047.p017Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) SUBJECTS:Circuits,Deposition,Materials,Semiconductors Get e-Alerts
Directional Overcurrent Relaying (67) Concepts (2006)

Directional overcurrent relaying (67) refers to relaying that can use the phase relationship of voltage and current to determine direction to a fault. There are a variety of concepts by which this task is done. This paper reviews the mainstream methods by which 67 type directional decisions are made by protective relays. The paper focuses on how a numeric directional relay uses the phase relationship of sequence components such as positive sequence (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> vs. I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ), negative sequence (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> vs. I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), and zero sequence (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> vs. I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) to sense fault direction, but other concepts such as using quadrature voltage (e.g., V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ab</sub> vs I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) are included
A Context Sensitive Public Display for Adaptive Multi-User Information Visualization (2007)

The use of Public Displays as ubiquitous information visualization means will exploit in the future. These kinds of displays will provide different communities with means for showing opportunistic, information for different users as well as personal information contextualized to the specific moment, situation and location. Current research in this area has identified several problems that are still unsolved concerning simultaneous, multiple user information visualizations. Specific problems raised in this area deal with usability, privacy and personal information management in shared spaces. This paper presents preliminary work that address these open problems and presents ongoing research towards the definition of a model for managing context, content and user interface visualizations for multi-users public displays.
Electric grid balancing through lowcost workload migration (2012)

Energy production must continuously match demand on the electric grid. A deficiency can lead to service disruptions, and a surplus can place tremendous stress on grid components, potentially causing major blackouts. To manage this balance, grid operators must increase or lower power generation, with only a few minutes to react. The grid balancing problem has also impeded the pace of integrating bountiful renewable resources (e.g., wind), whose generation is intermittent. An emerging plan to mitigate this problem is demand response, i.e., for grid operators to alter the electricity usage behavior of the masses through real-time price signals. But due to prohibitively high infrastructure costs and societal-scale adoption, tangible demand response mechanisms have so far been elusive. We believe that altering the usage patterns of a multitude of data centers can be a tangible, albeit initial, step towards affecting demand response. Growing in both density and size, today's data center designs are shaped by the increasing awareness of energy costs and carbon footprint. We posit that shifting computational workloads (and thus, demand) across geographic regions to match electricity supply may help balance the grid. In this paper we will first present a real grid balancing problem experienced in the Pacfic Northwest. We then propose a symbiotic relationship between data centers and grid operators by showing that mutual cost benefits can be accessible. Finally, we argue for a low cost workload migration mechanism, and pose overarching challenges in designing this framework.
Redetermination of<i>para</i>-aminopyridine (fampridine, EL-970) at 150 K (2005)

The structure of fampridine (EL-970) or 4-aminopyridine, C₅H₆N₂, has been redetermined at 150 K. The room-temperature structure has been reported previously [Chao & Schempp (1977). Acta Cryst. B33, 1557-1564]. Pyramidalization at the amine N atom occurs in fampridine, with the N atom 0.133 (11) Å from the plane of the three C/H/H atoms to which it is bonded; the interplanar angle between the pyridyl ring and NH2 group is 21 (2)°. Aggregation in the solid state occurs by N-H...N and N-H...[pi](pyridine) interactions with N...N and N...[pi](centroid) distances of 2.9829 (18) and 3.3954 (15) Å, respectively; a C-H...[pi](pyridine) contact completes the intermolecular interactions [C...[pi](centroid) = 3.6360 (16) Å].
Review of God Dwells Among Us: Expanding Eden to the Ends of the Earth (2016)

This very thought provoking book opens up for laymen the biblical theology of the Temple as God’s dwelling place with man from its beginning in the Garden to its completion and fulfillment in a new heavens and earth. However, as I will point out later, this doesn’t mean I agree with every detail that Professor Greg Beale, PhD and Pastor Mitchell Kim, PhD attempt to establish. This volume came out of a sermon series by Dr. Mitchell Kim that sought to popularize and apply the deep biblical theology of Greg Beale’s The Temple and Church’s Mission: A Biblical Theology of the Dwelling Place of God (IVP, 2004).  It substantiates the awesome insights that a principle-based, type-fulfillment interpretation of the Temple can bring to biblical theology of mission. It clearly demonstrates that the main story line of Scripture is toward the healing and restoration of a “very good” creation, now broken and cursed because of human rebellion. Grace does not seek to escape from creation but to restore and renew creation, as Isaiah with its echoes in Paul, Peter, and John’s writings, state (see Is 65:17, 66:22; 1 Cor 5:17; 2 Pet 3:13; Rev 21:5).  The original walled garden, Beale and Kim thoroughly demonstrate, was a representative, typological palace-temple for God’s presence. Adam’s sin resulted God’s ban upon him and all his relations from entering into the holiest place from which the fountain of water arose and the tree of life, representing life, wisdom and healing, stood. The banishment from the presence of God, his water and tree of life, however, will be completely restored in a step by step process through the redemption of Jesus. Beale and Kim show that the typological temples begin first with the Garden-temple, move to tents of worship set up by the patriarchs, which lead to the moveable tabernacle build by Moses, and then on to the two permanent Temples of Israel. Each is replaced by the next until the presence of God in Christ by the Spirit comes to fulfill all the pictures of the OT temples. The final consummation Temple is the renewed heavens and earth in which the resurrected Christ as the God-with-us (Immanuel) dwells with His people.