gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-bandgap thiophene dendrimers for improved light harvesting (2009)

This article follows our previous work on the synthesis and characterization of pi-conjugated dendrimers for use in organic solar cells. Here we discuss five new thiophene-based dendrimers that were synthesized in order to study the relationship between their chemical structures and electronic properties. Three of these dendrimers incorporate acetylene spacers, included to relieve steric strain, between the thiophene arms and phenyl cores used in previous studies. Only a small effect on the electronic properties is observed upon inclusion of the acetylene spacer in the three-arm dendrimer, 3G1-2S-Ac. In contrast, a decrease in the bandgap is observed for the four-arm dendrimer, 4G1-2S-Ac, due to a reduction of interactions between the arms in the more sterically congested 1,2,4,5-arrangement around the phenyl core, resulting in delocalization of the exciton through the phenyl core. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing cyano groups on the phenyl core of the three-arm dendrimer, 3G1-2S-CN, resulted in a very large (∼0.5 eV) decrease in the bandgap, due to stabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the low energy absorption band in this material is attributed to a transition with significant intramolecular charge-transfer character. The electronic properties of three- and four-arm dendrimers with electron-donating dibutylaniline moieties attached to the end of the thiophene dendron, 3G1-2S-N and 4G1-2S-N respectively, are almost identical, indicating that they are dominated by the arms, with no through-core communication allowed, even for the para-linked arms of 4G1-2S-N. However, there is a significant increase in the molar absorptivity of these materials, concomitant with significant broadening of the absorption spectrum, which is an important attribute in light-harvesting applications.
Anodic Electrosynthesis of Cadmium Selenide Thin Films : Characterization and Comparison with the Passive/Transpassive Behavior of the Counterparts (1991)

Cadmium selenide thin films were electrosynthesized by an anodic route employing alkaline selenide solutions. The thermodynamic aspects of the electrodeposition chemistry were first explored via Pourbaix diagrams; the kinetic aspects were studied by linear sweep voltammetry on a Cd anode. The photoaction spectra of these anodic thin films revealed an optical gap energy (1.7 eV) in good agreement with the value known for . Their luminescence response, however, suggested a high density of carrier recombination centers located ∼0.2 eV below the conduction band. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the anodic thin films were stoichiometric in composition. In situ examination of the material during thin film growth by cyclic photovoltammetry revealed anodic photoeffects at potentials just past the Cd corrosion wave. The growth kinetics in the passive region adhered to a direct logarithmic rate law, while a diffusion mechanism was seen to prevail in the transpassive regime. The morphological changes in in progressing from the passive to the transpassive regions were probed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis. While and present similar trends, shows a complete lack of a transpassive regime. These differences within the Group II–VI compounds are interpreted within the framework of a semiconductor model previously invoked for oxide passivation of metal surfaces.
Efeito de herbicidas de pós-emergência, aplicados em várias épocas, comparados com atrazine+metolachlor, em pré-emergência, na cultura do milho (2000)

O trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiÃªncia de herbicidas de pÃ³s-emergÃªncia, aplicados em vÃ¡rias Ã©pocas, comparados com atrazine+metolachlor, em prÃ©-emergÃªncia, e os efeitos sobre algumas caracterÃ­sticas agronÃ´micas do milho. O ensaio foi conduzido no municÃ­pio de Rio Verde-GO, na safra 1997 / 9 8 . O hÃ­brido utilizado foi AG-50 11, semeado em 2 6 1 10 / 9 7 e os tratamentos utilizados foram: atrazine+metolachlor (1400+2100 glha), aplicado em prÃ©-emergÃªncia; atrazine/metolachlor+nicosulfuron (l 000/1500+ 12 g/ha), aplicados em pÃ³s-emergÃªncia precoce; atrazine/Ã³leo vegetal+nicosulfuron (1600+20 glha), em pÃ³s-emergÃªncia normal; atrazine+nicosulfuron (1000+40 g/ha), em pÃ³s-emergÃªncia tardia; nicosulfuron (50 g/ha), em pÃ³s-emergÃªncia avanÃ§ada, alÃ©m das testemunhas com e sem capina. Verificou-se que os herbicidas proporcionaram eficiente controle da corda-de-viola (lp o m oe a g randif o lia) , leiteiro ( Euph o rbia h e t erop h y ll a) e trapoeraba (Co mm e lin a b e n g h a l e n s i s ) . Nicosu1furon (50 glha) nÃ£o controlou C. b e n g hal e n s i s e e todos os herbicidas foram seletivos para a cultura do milho. A aplicaÃ§Ã£o dos tratamentos nÃ£o afetou significativamente a populaÃ§Ã£o final e altura da primeira espiga, porÃ©m, nicosulfuron isolado proporcionou altura de planta estatisticamente inferior a atrazinel metolachlor+nicosulfuron. O Ã­ndice de colheita mecÃ¢nica nos tratamentos quÃ­micos foi excelente, exceto para nicosulfuron, que foi mÃ©dio. Nas testemunhas com e sem capina este Ã­ndice foi excelente e difÃ­cil, respectivamente. Isto ficou evidenciado no peso de matÃ©ria seca das plantas daninhas, sendo o maior peso observado na testemunha sem capina.Â
The Effect of Pressure on the Electrical Conductance of Salt Solutions in Water (1932)

New data are presented for the change with pressure of the equivalent conductance of the following $\frac{1}{100}$ normal salt solutions in water: at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, HCl, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaF, NaBr, NaI, ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}$S${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Na${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Ca${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, Ba${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, Th${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$Fe(C${\mathrm{N})}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}$Fe(C${\mathrm{N})}_{6}$; and at 75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, all the above solutions excepting NaF and Th${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$. The pressure range at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is 1-10,000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, and at 75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C it is 1-11,000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. It is pointed out that the observed maxima in the equivalent conductance can not be entirely caused by a change in the degree of dissociation of the ions with pressure. By using a well-known expression for the equivalent conductance at infinite dilution, and also by using the Debye-H\"ucklel formula, it is shown in each case that there must be a large change in the diameters of the ions due to the pressure if the theory is to agree with the data.
Pearl Chain Formation of Nanoparticles in Microelectrode Gaps by Dielectrophoresis (2004)

The integration of molecular structures into microscopic electrode arrays is achieved by dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles in electrode gaps. Using microelectrodes realized by photolithography, we demonstrate here the generation of pearl chain arrangements of nanoparticles in structures accessible for standard technologies. To preserve the individual particle structures in the final nanowire arrangement, various strategies were employed. An electrical characterization of the pearl chains yielded an Ohmic behavior. The effect of increased current on these structures is studied at the ultramicroscopic level.
Book review (1995)

Resonant Anomalous X‐ray Scattering: Theory and Applications Edited by G. Materlik, C.J. Sparks and K. Fischer, North Holland, ISBN 0–444–82025–6, 675 pages, 1994, Dfl. 350.00, US$ 200
Following evolution's lead to a single residue switch for diterpene synthase product outcome (2007)

There have been few insights into the biochemical origins of natural product biosynthesis from primary metabolism. Of particular interest are terpene synthases, which often mediate the committed step in particular biosynthetic pathways so that alteration of their product outcome is a key step in the derivation of novel natural products. These enzymes also catalyze complex reactions of significant mechanistic interest. Following an evolutionary lead from two recently diverged, functionally distinct diterpene synthase orthologs from different subspecies of rice, we have identified a single residue that can switch product outcome. Specifically, the mutation of a conserved isoleucine to threonine that acts to convert not only the originally targeted isokaurene synthase into a specific pimaradiene synthase but also has a much broader effect, which includes conversion of the ent-kaurene synthases found in all higher plants for gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis to the production of pimaradiene. This surprisingly facile switch for diterpene synthase catalytic specificity indicates the ease with which primary (gibberellin) metabolism can be subverted to secondary biosynthesis and may underlie the widespread occurrence of pimaradiene-derived natural products. In addition, because this isoleucine is required for the mechanistically more complex cyclization to tetracyclic kaurene, whereas substitution with threonine "short-circuits" this mechanism to produce the "simpler" tricyclic pimaradiene, our results have some implications regarding the means by which terpene synthases specify product outcome.
Zusammenhang zwischen κ-Casein und ß-Lactoglobulin-Varianten mit der Milchleistung und der Nutzungsdauer von Rindern der Rassen Schwarzbuntes Rind und Polnisches Rotvieh (2001)

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relations between genetic variants of κ-casein and ß-lactoglobulin and Performance of Black and White and Polish Red cattle Performance of 184 cows from 4 herds of Black and White (SR) and 178 cows from 4 herds of Polish Red breed (RP) was compared due to genotype encoding milk proteins: κ-casein and ß-lactoglobulin. Frequence of inividual genotypes differend significantly both between herds within the breed. Statistically significant influence of genotype was found in relation to milk fat content in SR cattle (κ-CNAA> κ-CNBB and ß-LGBB >ß- LGAB > ß-LGAA) and in RP cattle milk protein yield (κ-CNBB > κ-CNAA) and fat content (ß-LGAA > ß-LGAB and ß-LG ). The highest protein content and protein yield in milk was found in cows of both breeds carrying KCNBB genotype (P>0.05). Significant relation with the age of first calving was stated in SR cows: κ-CNAA > KCNAB, in RP cows κ-CNBB > κ-CNAB and in SR cows ß-LGBB >ß-LGAB. Other traits such as longevity, life-time number of calvings and lactations, life-time yield were not found significantly related to searched genotypes although some trends were observed.
Exploring Biochemistry and Cellular Biology with Protein Libraries (2003)

Polypeptide libraries cast a broad net for defining enzyme and binding protein specificities. In addition to uncovering rules for molecular recognition, the binding preferences and functional group tolerances from such libraries can reveal mechanisms underlying biochemical and cellular processes. Ligands obtained from protein libraries can also provide pharmaceutical lead compounds and even reagents to further explore cell biology. Here, we review selected recent examples of protein libraries demonstrating these principles. In particular, we focus on combinatorial libraries composed of randomized peptides or variations of a single protein. The characteristics of various techniques for library constructions and screening are also briefly surveyed.
Surface Topography Induced Ultrahydrophobic Behavior: Effect of Three-Phase Contact Line Topology (2006)

The wettability of silicon surface hydrophobized using silanization reagents was studied. The advancing and receding contact angles were measured with the captive needle approach. In this approach, a drop under study was held on the hydrophobized surface with a fine needle immersed in it. The asymptotic advancing and receding angles were obtained by incrementally increasing the volume added and removed, respectively, until no change in angles was observed. The values were compared with the previously published results. Further, the wetting behavior of water droplets on periodically structured hydrophobic surfaces was investigated. The surfaces were prepared with the wet etching process and contain posts and holes of different sizes and void fractions. The surface geometry brought up a scope to study the Wenzel (filling of surface grooves) and Cassie (non filling of the surface grooves) theories and effects of surface geometry and roughness on the contact angle. Experimental data point to an anomalous behavior where the data does not obey either Wenzel or Cassie type phenomenology. This behavior is explained by an understanding of the contact line topography. The effect of contact line topography on the contact angle was thus parametrically studied. It was also inferred that, the contact angle increased with the increase in void fraction. The observations may serve as guidelines in designing surfaces with the desired wetting behavior.
Risk factors for the initial symptomatic giardia infection in a cohort of young Arab-Bedouin children (2009)

Giardiasis is an important cause of diarrhoea in Bedouin children. Increased risk of SG in spring/summer might be linked to environmental conditions or seasonal dietary practices which increase virulence or transmission. SG in those exposed to livestock suggests that there are zoonotic risk factors or that hygiene is a causal factor. The association between EAEC infection and SG warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of Peripheral Blood and Cord Blood Platelet Lysates in Isolation and Expansion of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2018)

<b>Abstract</b>: <b>Background:</b> Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The in vitro isolation and expansion of MSCs involve the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). However, many concerns have been raised regarding the safety of this product. In this study, alternative additives derived either from peripheral or cord blood were tested as an FBS replacement. <b>Methods:</b> Platelet lysates (PL) from peripheral and cord blood were used for the expansion of MSCs. The levels of growth factors in peripheral blood (PB) and cord blood (CB) PLs were determined using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM). Finally, the cell doubling time (CDT), tri-lineage differentiation and phenotypic characterization of the MSCs expanded with FBS and PLs were determined. <b>Results:</b> MSCs treated with culture media containing FBS and PB-PL, were successfully isolated and expanded, whereas MSCs treated with CB-PL could not be maintained in culture. Furthermore, the MRM analysis yielded differences in growth factor levels between PB-PL and CB-PL. In addition, the MSCs were successfully expanded with FBS and PB-PL and exhibited tri-lineage differentiation and stable phenotypic characteristics. <b>Conclusion:</b> PB-PL could be used as an alternative additive for the production of MSCs culture medium applied to xenogeneic-free expansion and maintenance of MSCs in large scale clinical studies.
Electrophoretic detection of chitinase isoenzymes using the PhastSystem (1993)

Zymographic assays are described for the detection of chitinase isoenzymes following isoelectric focusing. Method 1 used a polyacrylamide overlay gel containing glycol chitin. Following hydrolysis, visualisation of isoenzymes was achieved by fluorescent counter-staining of the gel with Fluorescent Brightener 28. Method 2 used a cellulose acetate membrane overlay which incorporates 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates, hydrolysis of which released a fluorescent product (4-methylumbelliferone). The pIs of chitinase isoenzymes were estimated by using coloured pI markers. A significant time advantage was obtained over previous methods. The method was used to demonstrate chitinase activity in control rat lungs and in rat lungs infected with the pathogen Pneumocystis carinii.
Über den Nachweis freier Radikale bei der Autoxidation des Orcins (1974)

Abstract Bei der Autoxidation des Orcins ( 1 ) zu den Dimeren Chinonen 13 und 19 gelang es in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln weder ESR‐spektroskopisch freie Orcinradikale 5 noch chromatographisch das aus 5 zu erwartende Dimere 6 nachzuweisen. Dabei wurde eine neue Verbindung isoliert und als Abbauprodukt 17 des dimeren Monochinons 13 aufgeklärt. Die Semichinone 7, 11 und 16 lassen sich an Hand der ESR‐Spektren in der Autoxidationslösung erkennen. Damit wird der früher vorgeschlagene Mechanismus (Formelschema) in diesen Punkten bestätigt und ein Nachweis für das monomere Chinon 4 als Zwischenstufe erbracht. Orcin ( 1 ) reagiert mit Galvinoxyl ( 25 ) zu einem 1:1‐Addukt.
Endocriene tumoren (2017)

De endocriene oncologie betreft een uitgebreid vakgebied, waarbij behalve de endocrinologie en oncologie andere disciplines, zoals de klinische farmacologie, heelkunde, pathologie, genetica en moleculaire biologie nauw zijn betrokken. Tumoren van endocriene cellen worden symptomatisch gekenmerkt door overproductie van hormonen of door massa-effect van de tumor, bijvoorbeeld een niet-functionerende hypofysetumor. Soms zijn er weinig klachten, zoals bij metastasering van schildkliercarcinoom. Veel tumoren produceren ectopisch hormonen, waardoor specifieke klinische beelden kunnen ontstaan.
Experimental Measurements of an Aircraft-Mounted Pod Concept for Improved Aero-Optic Performance (2011)

Experimental data are presented for a wind-tunnel model of an aircraft under-wingmounted pod. The pod model was designed to prevent or mitigate aero-optic aberrations around an optical aperture in a turret ball at the nose of the pod. In particular, the model incorporated a “virtual duct” around the optical aperture, in which fences are attached to the spherical surface of the turret ball and shaped to modify the flow around the turret so as to prevent flows that are known to cause severe optical aberrations. Pressure data are presented that closely compare with inviscid CFD computations, and that indicate that the virtual-duct approach successfully prevents flow separation on the rear of the turret ball. The experimental data also show that the fences of the virtual duct significantly increase the critical Mach number at which supersonic flow and shock formation would occur on the turret ball.
Generalized Reflection and Transmission Analysis and Applications of Impedance Loaded Straight Wire Frequency Selective Surfaces (2005)

Arrays of impedance loaded thin wire antennas have been used for decades in a variety of practical applications, including FSS for spatial microwave filters. We describe a means of analysing a doubly periodic array of thin wires loaded with any type of lumped linear impedance element. We give generic closed form expressions for the scattering properties of a generally impedance-loaded wire FSS. The resulting expressions can be evaluated rapidly and thus provide the means for synthesis by repeated analysis. Some examples of the application of such impedance surfaces, for example as a switchable FSS EM shutter or dual band filter and as a means of enhancing angle of incidence properties, are given. These results have been confirmed experimentally and a qualitative explanation for the behavioral response of the loaded FSS in each of the applications cited has been derived.
Asteroid 5535 Annefrank size, shape, and orientation: Stardust first results (2004)

The NASA Discovery Stardust spacecraft flew by the main belt asteroid 5535 Annefrank at a distance of 3100 km and a speed of 7.4 km/s in November 2002 to test the encounter sequence developed for its primary science target, the comet 81P/Wild 2. During this testing, over 70 images of Annefrank were obtained, taken over a phase angle range from 40 to 140 deg. This viewing showed that Annefrank was at least 6.6 × 5.0 × 3.4 km in size (diameters), with its shortest dimension normal to its orbit plane. Annefrank is highly angular, with flat appearing surfaces, possibly planes formed when it was fractured off of a larger parent body. For the limited part of the surface seen, Annefrank resembles a triangular prism for the main body, with smaller, rounder bodies, possibly accreted through contact.
Saudi Urological Association consensus guidelines on the use of robotic surgery in urology (2022)

Over the past three decades, minimally invasive robotic technology has evolved substantially in urological practice, replacing many open procedures and becoming part of routine clinical practice. The Health Sector Transformation Program for the Kingdom's Vision 2030 aims to restructure the health sector and optimize its status and prospects as an effective and integrated ecosystem centered on the patient's health. Therefore, this consensus seeks to endorse the clinical practice guidelines for robotic surgery (RS) in the KSA, highlighting its effectiveness, safety, and favorable outcomes compared to open and laparoscopic surgeries in certain procedures when used by trained surgeons in well-structured RS programs.
Visualization of the Flow aroimd a Two-dimensional Circular Cylinder by Means of Infrared Thermography (1988)

The flow around a two dimensional circular cylinder with surface protrusions has been visualized by means of a new flow-visualization system which was proposed by the authors1) . Two types of surface protrusions were used in this study; one was a pair of tripping wires and the other was a small piece of adhesive tape.The results indicated an excellent applicability of this system to the visualization of the flow around a circular cylinder with surface protrusions. Furthermore, the effect of the small surface protrusion on the flow in the critical Reynoldsnumber range was clarified by using this system.
Hybrid finite element methods for conformal antenna simulations (2002)

Since the first publication of the paper by Silvester in 1969, the finite element method has enjoyed a strong interest for electromagnetic analysis. In fact, we can safely state that over the past 10 years, the greatest progress in computational electromagnetics has been on the development and application of partial differential equation (PDE) methods such as the finite difference-time domain and finite element (FEM) methods, including hybridizations of these with integral equation and high frequency techniques. The major reasons for the increasing reliance on PDE methods stem from their inherent geometrical adaptability, low O(N) memory demand and their capability to model heterogeneous (isotropic or anisotropic) geometries. These attributes are essential in developing general-purpose codes for electromagnetic analysis/design, including antenna design and characterization. At the University of Michigan we have developed a variety of hybrid finite element implementations which vary in capability from very fast and specialized to general-purpose codes for antennas analysis. Typical complexity of the antenna geometries is depicted and some specific applications are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOGOLD‐CHEMIE 3. MITT. (PYRIDYL‐(2))‐GOLD(I) (1970)

Abstract Bei Zugabe der kristallinen Goldverbindung (II) zu den Pyridinen (I) bilden sich über ein Zwischenprodukt die Organo‐Goldverbindung (III) in 90‐ 100 %iger Ausbeute.
Fibre-Optic Impact Damage Detection Of Composite Materials (1988)

The development of a fibre-optic based damage assessment system for composite material structures requires a base of knowledge that to date is not available in the literature. We report on several advances that will contribute towards the development of "structurally imbedded fibre optic damage evaluation" (SIFODE) technology. These include: devising a special surface treatment that allows control of the damage sensitivity of the optical fibres, determining their optimum orientation with respect to the material fibres in the adjacent plies and their depth in regard to an impact surface. The influence of the imbedded optical fibres on the strength and impact resistance of the composite material has also been investigated.