gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State Feedback Control for the Steering Process of Aluminum Hot Rolling Mills (1995)

A new steering control system of aluminum hot rolling mills has been developed. The features of the new system are as follows:(1) The steering process is stabilized by the state feedback control which adjusts bending force using the signal of rolling load difference.(2) After stabilization of the steering process, an integrate feedback controller which adjusts roll gap difference using the signal of the steering sensor, is designed to reduce the steady-state steering deviation.The effectiveness of the new system has been demonstrated by the application for a real plant.
Identification of an amino acid sequence within GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor β<sub>3</sub> subunits that is important for receptor assembly (2002)

GABA(A) receptors are chloride ion channels that can be opened by GABA, the most important inhibitory transmitter in the CNS. In the mammalian brain the majority of these pentameric receptors is composed of two alpha, two beta and one gamma subunit. To achieve the correct order of subunits around the pore, each subunit must form specific contacts via its plus (+) and minus (-) side. To identify a sequence on the beta3 subunit important for assembly, we generated various full-length or truncated chimeric beta3 constructs and investigated their ability to assemble with alpha1 and gamma2 subunits. It was demonstrated that replacement of the sequence beta3(76-89) by the homologous alpha1 sequence impaired assembly with alpha1 but not with gamma2 subunits in alpha1beta3gamma2-GABA(A) receptors. Other experiments indicated that assembly was impaired via the beta3(-) side of the chimeric subunit. Within the sequence beta3(76-89) the sequence beta3(85-89) seemed to be of primary importance for assembly with alpha1 subunits. A comparison with the structure of the acetylcholine-binding protein supports the conclusion that the sequence beta3(85-89) is located at the beta3(-) side and indicates that it contains amino acid residues that might directly interact with the (+) side of the neighbouring alpha1 subunit.
4-Thiazolidones. VI.<sup>1</sup> The Preparation of Some 2-Substituted Derivatives (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Thiazolidones. VI.1 The Preparation of Some 2-Substituted DerivativesAlexander R. Surrey and Royal A. CutlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2, 578–580Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01631a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01631a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of substrate overetching and heat treatment of titanium oxide waveguide gratings and thin films on their optical properties (2013)

We investigate subwavelength titanium oxide (TiO2) resonance waveguide gratings (RWGs) and TiO2 thin films of thicknesses ~200 nm fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD), in both amorphous and crystalline phases on fused silica substrates. The TiO2 RWGs are fabricated by electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching, and ALD. The thin films and RWGs are characterized structurally by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical characterization of RWGs and optical constants of TiO2 films are studied by an ellipsometer. RWGs are designed for TE and TM modes in such a way that an overetch effect of the fused silica substrate can be investigated. Various RWG samples are prepared by gradually increasing the overetch depth and subsequently measuring the performance of the RWGs. A close agreement between the calculated and experimentally measured resonance wavelength spectral shifts is obtained; however, the magnitudes of the measured shifts are greater than calculated ones. A parallel study related to the measurement of the refractive indices and remeasuring the optical shifts of RWGs is carried out after a heat treatment of all the samples under study. The RWGs do not reveal significant spectral changes after the heat treatment; this is primarily due to a change in the surface chemistry by the redeposition of the reaction byproducts on the grating lines.
Session details: Curves & mirages: gestures & interaction with nonplanar surfaces (2012)

No abstract available.
Estimation of cis-eQTL Effect Sizes Using a Log of Linear Model (2017)

The study of expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) is an important problem in genomics and biomedicine. While detection (testing) of eQTL associations has been widely studied, less work has been devoted to the estimation of eQTL effect size. To reduce false positives, detection methods frequently rely on linear modeling of rank-based normalized or log-transformed gene expression data. Unfortunately, these approaches do not correspond to the simplest model of eQTL action, and thus yield estimates of eQTL association that can be uninterpretable and inaccurate. In this article, we propose a new, log-of-linear model for eQTL action, termed ACME, that captures allelic contributions to cis-acting eQTLs in an additive fashion, yielding effect size estimates that correspond to a biologically coherent model of cis-eQTLs. We describe a non-linear least-squares algorithm to fit the model by maximum likelihood, and obtain corresponding p-values. We perform careful investigation of the model using a combination of simulated data and data from the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Our results reveal little evidence for dominance effects, a parsimonious result that accords with a simple biological model for allele-specific expression and supports use of the ACME model. We show that Type-I error is well-controlled under our approach in a realistic setting, so that rank-based normalizations are unnecessary. Furthermore, we show that such normalizations can be detrimental to power and estimation accuracy under the proposed model. We then show, through effect size analyses of whole-genome cis-eQTLs in the GTEx data, that using standard normalizations instead of ACME noticeably affects the ranking and sign of estimates.
Econographics (2018)

We study the pattern of correlations across a large number of behavioral regularities, with the goal of creating an empirical basis for more comprehensive theories of decision-making. We elicit 21 behaviors using an incentivized survey on a representative sample (n=1,000) of the U.S. population. Our data show a clear and relatively simple structure underlying the correlations between these measures. Using principal components analysis, we reduce the 21 variables to six components corresponding to clear clusters of high correlations. We examine the relationship between these components, cognitive ability, and demographics, and discuss the theoretical implications of the structure we uncover and find a number of relations that partly confirm, but also add nuance, to previous findings.
Nonlinear control of electrodynamic tether in equatorial or somewhat inclined orbits (2007)

This paper applies different control design methods to a tethered satellite system (TSS) to investigate essential control properties of this under-actuated and nonlinear system. When the tether position in the orbit plane is controlled by the tether current, out of orbit plane motions occur as an unwanted side effect, due to nonlinear interaction with the Earth's magnetic field. This paper focus on the uncontrollable out-of-plane motions and the robustness against B-field uncertainty associated with each of three popular controller design methodologies for nonlinear systems: linear quadratic feedback designed for the controllable subspace of the system, a feedback linearization design and a sliding mode control. The controllers are evaluated by their ability to suppress variations in the B-field and their robustness with respect to the internal dynamics.
Channel Capacity and Second Order Statistics in Tactical Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

The channel capacity and the channel statistics are both important performance metrics to consider for appropriate design of wireless systems. In tactical mobile ad hoc networks environment, the capacity and the second order statistics are investigated based on an optimized physical layer simulation tool which includes tactical scenarios generator and propagation modeler. The possible link data rate is stemmed from the average channel capacity analysis between all pair of nodes. And based on the minimum data rate requirement for typical services (web, audio and video streaming, VoIP, videoconference), connectivity graphs are constructed. Moreover, level cross rate (ICR) and average duration of fade (ADF) are simulated as function of double mobility degree and the results show how the double mobility affects the second order channel statistics and the error probability.
Toxicological properties of O,S,S-trialkyl phosphorodithioates (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToxicological properties of O,S,S-trialkyl phosphorodithioatesFouad A. F. Ali, Amechi C. Chukwudebe, and T. Roy FukutoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 1, 45–48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00067a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00067a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure and Bonding of a Site-Isolated Transition Metal Complex:  Rhodium Dicarbonyl in Highly Dealuminated Zeolite Y (2000)

The structure and bonding of rhodium dicarbonyl bonded to highly dealuminated zeolite Y has been determined by the combined application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and infrared spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory. The EXAFS and infrared spectra indicate the existence of nearly unique rhodium dicarbonyl species bonded at structurally equivalent positions in the zeolite pores. However, even this anchored structure, one of the simplest known, is not determined fully by the experimental results, and quantum chemical calculations were needed to eliminate the ambiguity. Taken together, the experimental and theoretical results indicate Rh+(CO)2 located at a four-ring of the faujasite framework; the rhodium center is bonded to two oxygen centers of the framework near an aluminum center with a Rh−O distance of 2.15−2.20 Å. The results show how spectroscopy and theory used in combination can determine the structure and location of a metal complex anchored to a structurally uniform support.
A Two-Component Catalyst System for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations with Alcohol Pronucleophiles (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Two-Component Catalyst System for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations with Alcohol PronucleophilesBarry M. Trost, Ernest J. McEachern, and F. Dean TosteView Author Information Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 48, 12702–12703Publication Date (Web):November 20, 1998Publication History Received11 September 1998Published online20 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983238khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983238krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3731Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Ethers,Ligands,Substitution reactions,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient Variability in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2009)

In patients with HCM, LVOT gradient measurements are routinely obtained to characterize the severity of obstruction. However, these data demonstrate the marked variability of the LVOT obstruction, which must be considered when determining appropriate therapy in symptomatic patients.
Degradation of brightness by resonant particle effects (2002)

A resonance between the periodic focusing force and the envelope oscillations or the particle orbits can lead to beam halo formation and a dramatic decrease in brightness. A theoretical model has been developed for this parametric transport instability. The authors also investigated the instability on the Experimental Test Accelerator II (ETA-II). The instability can be excited by altering the excitation of just one solenoid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pre-steady State Electrogenic Events of Ca2+/H+ Exchange and Transport by the Ca2+-ATPase (2006)

Native or recombinant SERCA (sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase) was adsorbed on a solid supported membrane and then activated with Ca(2+) and ATP concentration jumps through rapid solution exchange. The resulting electrogenic events were recorded as electrical currents flowing along the external circuit. Current transients were observed following Ca(2+) jumps in the absence of ATP and following ATP jumps in the presence of Ca(2+). The related charge movements are attributed to Ca(2+) reaching its binding sites in the ground state of the enzyme (E(1)) and to its vectorial release from the enzyme phosphorylated by ATP (E(2)P). The Ca(2+) concentration and pH dependence as well as the time frames of the observed current transients are consistent with equilibrium and pre-steady state biochemical measurements of sequential steps within a single enzymatic cycle. Numerical integration of the current transients recorded at various pH values reveal partial charge compensation by H(+) in exchange for Ca(2+) at acidic (but not at alkaline) pH. Most interestingly, charge movements induced by Ca(2+) and ATP vary over different pH ranges, as the protonation probability of residues involved in Ca(2+)/H(+) exchange is lower in the E(1) than in the E(2)P state. Our single cycle measurements demonstrate that this difference contributes directly to the reduction of Ca(2+) affinity produced by ATP utilization and results in the countertransport of two Ca(2+) and two H(+) within each ATPase cycle at pH 7.0. The effects of site-directed mutations indicate that Glu-771 and Asp-800, within the Ca(2+) binding domain, are involved in the observed Ca(2+)/H(+) exchange.
Modelling Microstructural Transformations of Nickel Base Superalloy in 718 During Hot Deformation (2005)

A new Inconel 718 microstructural evolution model that works in tandem with finite element software is described, and is then used to predict the microstructure during the production of a typical two-stage forging route. The model works by grouping similar grains into grainsets and predicting the dislocation density within these grainsets during thermomechanical processing. The model is shown to accurately predict both the grain size and presence of precipitates during the processing route, and displays results both numerically and graphically.
Stages of restricted HIV-1 infection in astrocyte cultures derived from human fetal brain tissue. (2000)

The predominant cell types infected by HIV-1 in AIDS associated encephalopathy are cells of the macrophage/microglial lineage. There has been consistent evidence, however, that astrocytes also become infected although not at the same frequency or level of multiplication as microglial cells. HIV-1 antigens and/or nucleic acid have been identified in astrocytes in brain autopsy tissue from both adult and pediatric AIDS cases. In cell cultures, HIV-1 infection of astrocytes results in an initial productive but non-cytopathogenic infection that diminishes to a viral persistence or latent state. Understanding the nature of HIV-1 infection of astrocytes, which represents the largest population of cells in the brain, will contribute to the understanding of AIDS encephalopathy and the dementia that occurs in nearly one-quarter of all AIDS patients.
Hypofractionated helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy of the prostate bed after prostatectomy with or without the pelvic lymph nodes - the PRIAMOS trial (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01620710.
Experimental validation of a Monte Carlo model for determining the temporal response of the underwater optical communications channel (2015)

Recent interest in high speed laser communications underwater has restimulated theoretical studies in laser propagation in turbid media. In particular, the characterization of temporal dispersion is of paramount importance in order to predict the bandwidth and capacity of underwater optical channels. While the temporal aspects of underwater laser propagation have received attention from the modeling community in the past, few if any of these models have been validated with experimental data. However recent advances in hardware technology now enable experimental characterization at high speeds (~GHz). Such measurements have been made by the authors.<sup>1</sup> In this work, we develop a Monte Carlo model, and present initial results validated against the aforementioned experimental data.
Combustion processes inside a direct-fired continuous strip annealing furnace (2016)

The combustion process inside a direct-fired continuous strip annealing furnace for steel is analyzed. Here, the fuel-rich combustion of natural gas is modeled by two chemical reactions: first, the oxidation and, second, the water-gas-shift reaction, which leads to a chemical equilibrium inside the furnace. Based on the combustion process, the flue gas dynamics are modeled by the mass and the enthalpy balance. A measurement campaign conducted at a real plant is used for verification of the mathematical model. This model is appropriate for real-time applications in control and optimization due to its low computational effort and high accuracy.
The biomechanics of blade shaving (2016)

The shaving challenge represents a technical contradiction, whereby many of the requirements to improve hair removal efficacy can also result in increased damage to the surrounding skin. Poor-quality shaving can cause a significant inflammatory response of the skin, which may consequently lead to skin irritation and soreness. This study aims to explore and quantify the forces that act upon the skin and hair during the shave and suggests that careful management of these forces is essential in optimizing the shaving process. Various razor features are discussed and their impact on the resulting biomechanical forces is considered. Recent data are included comparing a basic low-tier disposable razor with a more technologically advanced premium system razor and show significant differences in both subjective shave attribute scores and resulting blood flux in the skin.
Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by a Circular Loop With Arbitrary Current (2014)

We present a rigorous approach to compute the electromagnetic fields radiated by a thin circular loop with arbitrary current. We employ a polar transmission representation along with a Kontorovich-Lebedev transform to derive integral representations of the field in the interior and exterior regions of a sphere circumscribing the loop. The convergence of the obtained expressions is discussed and comparisons with full-wave simulation and other methods are shown.
Atoms in cavities (2011)

The fields within cavities differ in an important respect from those of a laser beam in free space: The bounding surfaces that define the cavity enclosure impose constraints that limit the fields to discrete modes, characterized in part by discrete frequencies. The surfaces enclosing a cavity are boundaries where the dielectric properties change abruptly; they are idealized as discontinuities of the susceptibility ∊ and permeability μ. Across any such surface the normal component of the B field is continuous, as is the transverse component of the E field. These conditions imply, for example, that along a perfectly conducting surface (an idealized mirror) the electric field has a node. The allowed fields (the discrete mode fields) are then particular solutions to the Maxwell equations, or their conversion into Helmholtz equations, that vanish along bounding surfaces.
Effect of Calcium Nitrate on the Freeze-Thaw-Resistance of Concrete (2014)

Concrete in cold climates is not only exposed to cold weather while concreting but also to freeze-thaw cycles during its lifetime. Thus not only the concrete production needs to be adjusted to the environmental conditions but also the mixture has to be durable and resist the environmental impacts. Commonly an air entraining agent is used to interrupt the capillary pore system and to provide further space for the freezing water to expand. The downside of this approach is a loss in compressive strength. Within this paper the effect of simultaneous use of air entraining agent and calcium nitrate is discussed. It is shown that calcium nitrate can counteract strength loss due to the air entraining agent without reducing the durability gain in the same extent. A certain combination of calcium nitrate and air entraining agent can also be used to increase the freeze-thaw-resistance.