gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating degenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Although defined as a motor disorder, ALS can arise concurrently with frontotemporal lobal dementia (FTLD). ALS begins focally but disseminates to cause paralysis and death. About 10% of ALS cases are caused by gene mutations, and more than 40 ALS-associated genes have been identified. While important questions about the biology of this disease remain unanswered, investigations of ALS genes have delineated pathogenic roles for (a) perturbations in protein stability and degradation, (b) altered homeostasis of critical RNA- and DNA-binding proteins, (c) impaired cytoskeleton function, and (d) non-neuronal cells as modifiers of the ALS phenotype. The rapidity of progress in ALS genetics and the subsequent acquisition of insights into the molecular biology of these genes provide grounds for optimism that meaningful therapies for ALS are attainable.
PAPR analysis of single carrier FDMA signals with Gaussian pulse shaping (2013)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a prominent technique for providing high Quality of service (QOS) to the users by mitigating the fading of signals and also for providing high data rates in multimedia services. Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) system has similar performance and the same overall complexity as that of OFDM. But Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is a technical challenge which reduces the efficiency of RF power amplifiers. In this paper, we describe the Localized FDMA(LFDMA), Distributed FDMA(DFDMA) and Interleaved FDMA(IFDMA) techniques and perform the PAPR analysis of SC-FDMA signals using raised cosine and Gaussian pulse shapings and compare the performance.
Improved Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) of Affinity Maturated and Fc-Engineered Antibodies Directed Against the AML Stem Cell Antigen CD96 (2011)

Regardless of progress in the therapy of AML, there is no long-term cure for about 70% of AML patients. Leukemic stem cells seem to be an important key for the perpetuation of AML.Most currently used chemotherapeutic agents are not able to eliminate AML-LSCs. The combination of conventional therapies with AML-LSCs-directed therapies may eventually lead to a cure for AML patients.Recently expression of CD96 was reported on AML-LSCs, while only very low expression levels were found on normal HSCs.Therefore CD96 may be an excellent target antigen for therapeutic antibodies directed against AML stem cells and blasts.
Mobilisation of the Nervous System (1991)

Introduction. Towards a Multifactorial Approach PART I the BASIS for ADVERSE NEURAL TENSION: Functional Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System. Clinical Neurobiomechanics. Pathological Processes. The Clinical Consequences of Injury to the Nervous System PART II EXAMINATION: Clinical Reasoning. Examination of Nerve Conduction. Tension Testing. The Lower Limbs and Trunk. Tension Testing. The Upper Limbs. Application, Analysis and Further Testing PART III TREATMENT and TREATMENT POTENTIAL: Treatment. Self Treatment PART IV SELECTED DISORDERS and CASE STUDIES: Adverse Neural Tension Disorders Centred in the Limbs. Adverse Neural Tension Disorders Based on the Spinal Canal. Selected Case Studies Courses. Index
Synthesize of ZnO Nano Structure for Toxic Gas Sensing Application (2016)

Gas sensors having zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as a sensing layer are consumes low power, operates at low temperature, have great level of selectivity as well as inexpensive too. Development of nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) for quality sensing is important. So the affect of grain size and thickness is on the sensing materials (MOS) are discussed. A simple and feasible way to synthesis zinc oxide nano particles at 900C temperature is followed. Basic requirements of chemical of this process is zinc powder, hydrogen per oxide (H2O2), and acitic acid (CH3COOH). The synthesized ZnO is deposited on silicon wafer and the characterization is done through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD).
An architecture for low-cost concurrent detection using continuous signature monitoring (1990)

Concurrent error detection is becoming a necessity because errors caused by transient hardware faults are more likely as device size decreases, and as computers are subjected to noisier environments. Errors caused by deliberate faults, e.g., computer viruses, are also increasing as computer use and computer communication grows. This dissertation presents an architecture for low-cost concurrent detection of program execution errors caused by a broad range of sources, including transient hardware faults and computer viruses. The new approach, continuous signature monitoring (CSM), uses a simple hardware monitor and signatures that the compiler embeds into a program. CSM is shown to provide significant hardware-error detection coverage at a cost that is a small percentage of the cost of duplication, the traditional approach to concurrent error detection. CSM makes major advances beyond previous signature-monitoring techniques, including order of magnitude improvements in performance overhead, memory overhead, error detection latency, undetected control-flow errors, and signature-compiler performance. The short detection latency allows low-cost transient fault tolerance by using the processor's pipeline as a recovery buffer. A new efficient-approach to program encryption is proposed that is based on CSM. This approach further reduces signature overhead for detecting hardware faults, shortens detection latency, and allows significant resistance to computer virus attacks.
The results from this research include new techniques, new analytical methods, new theory, and new experimental results. The MIPS RISC is used as an example architecture at several places in this dissertation to illustrate the minor modifications that are made to a conventional computer architecture to accommodate CSM.
Secondary Power System Options for Future Military Aircraft (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper summarizes a recent study for twin-engine military transport aircraft. Five major system arrangements plus a number of variations were analyzed. Power sources and drive equipment included: the main engines, engine-mounted accessory gearboxes, airframe-mounted accessory drive gearboxes, electrical batteries, auxiliary power units, air-turbine motors, ram air turbines, monopropellant emergency power units, bipropellant emergency power units, and various integrated power units which can be operated in two or more modes. The comparative impact of these system arrangements on aircraft weight, range, and life-cycle cost are shown.</div>
Bioactive Metabolites from the Fungus <i>Nectria galligena</i>, the Main Apple Canker Agent in Chile (2005)

The phytopathogenic fungus Nectria galligena Bres. is the most common canker disease agent of hardwood trees. The terpenoids colletochlorin B, colletorin B, ilicicolin C, E, and F, as well as the phytotoxin alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin have been isolated from liquid cultures of N. galligena obtained from the xylem of infected apple trees in central Chile. Ilicicolin C and F and alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin were active against Pseudomonas syringae with IC50 values of 28.5, 28.5, and 14.2 microg/mL, respectively, in the same range as streptomycin and penicillin G (11 and 15 microg/mL, respectively). All of the compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity toward the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-glucuronidase. The most active enzyme inhibitors were colletochlorin B and ilicicolin C and E, with IC50 values of 30-36 microg/mL in the AChE assay and 32-43 microg/mL in the beta-glucuronidase test. All of the chlorinated compounds showed some toxicity toward human lung fibroblasts, with IC50 values in the range of 64-120 microg/mL. alpha,beta-Dehydrocurvularin proved to be the most toxic compound, showing IC50 values less than 12 microg/mL. The effect of the isolated compounds on seed germination and radicle and epicotyl growth was assessed in lettuce and millet seeds. At 100 and 200 microg/disk, alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin significantly reduced radicle length and epicotyl growth in Lactuca sativa. This is the first report on the occurrence of colletochlorin B, colletorin B, ilicicolin C, E, and F, as well as alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin associated to N. galligena.
Optical fiber splicing using low-melting-point glass solder (1979)

Abstract A new splicing technique is described that uses a low-melting-point glass solder as the connecting material. Losses between 0.2 and 0.4dB have been obtained for a fiber with a 45-μm core diameter. The measured breaking strength of the splices was in the range of 3 to 5N.
Structural health monitoring of concrete cylinders using protected fibre optic sensors (2006)

Two kinds of sensor protection system for fibre optic sensors (FOS), an embedded type and a surface-mountable type, have been developed in the work described this paper. Extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric (EFPI) and fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors protected by the designed protection systems have been used to monitor the cure progress and structural health status of concrete cylinders. Experimental results indicate that the sensor protection systems for the FOS perform adequately and effectively in a concrete environment. The protected fibre optic sensors are suitable for achieving structural health monitoring in practice. It is also revealed that there is excellent correlation between the results obtained from the protected FOS and reference electrical resistance strain gauges.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Approaches for the Determination of Interglycosidic Linkage and Sequence in Oligosaccharides (1996)

The potential of various one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods in deducing information about the interglycosidic linkage and sequence of monosaccharide residues in oligosaccharides is presented and the different techniques are evaluated.
A Novel Plant Homeodomain Protein Interacts in a Functionally Relevant Manner with a Virus Movement Protein (2002)

Tomato bushy stunt virus and its cell-to-cell movement protein (MP; P22) provide valuable tools to study trafficking of macromolecules through plants. This study shows that wild-type P22 and selected movement-defective P22 amino acid substitution mutants were equivalent for biochemical features commonly associated with MPs (i.e. RNA binding, phosphorylation, and membrane partitioning). This generated the hypothesis that their movement defect was caused by improper interaction between the P22 mutants and one or more host factors. To test this, P22 was used as bait in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screen with a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cDNA library, which identified a new plant homeodomain leucine-zipper protein that reproducibly interacted with P22 but not with various control proteins. These results were confirmed with an independent in vitro binding test. An mRNA for the host protein was detected in plants, and its accumulation was enhanced upon Tomato bushy stunt virus infection of two plant species. The significance of this interaction was further demonstrated by the failure of the homeodomain protein to interact efficiently with two of the well-defined movement-deficient P22 mutants in yeast and in vitro. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that a new plant homeodomain leucine-zipper protein interacts specifically and in a functionally relevant manner with a plant virus MP.
Def‐2, ‐3, ‐6 and ‐8, novel mouse genes differentially expressed in the haemopoietic system (1999)

To identify developmentally regulated genes during myeloid differentiation, a self-inactivating retroviral gene-trap vector carrying a beta-galactosidase-neomycin (SA/lacZ/neo) fusion gene was constructed and used to infect myeloid progenitor cells (FDCP-Mix A4). G418-resistant and beta-galactosidase positive cell lines (gene-trap integration [GTI] clones) were established and induced to differentiate in vitro into either macrophages or granulocytes. Expression of the trapped loci was monitored at a single-cell level by analysing the mature cell types for beta-galactosidase activity. All 37 GTI clones tested showed down-regulation either during granulocyte or both granulocytic and macrophage differentiation. The endogenous coding regions fused to the SA/lacZ/neo reporter gene were isolated from eight clones. Molecular analysis revealed that half of them represented novel mouse genes (def-2, -3, -6 and -8) which we confirmed to be differentially expressed in primary haemopoietic tissues. Database searches revealed no significant similarities for def-2 (associated with haemopoietic progenitors) and def-8 (expressed most strongly in peripheral leucocytes). Def-6, which is down-regulated upon the differentiation into myeloid as well as erythroid lineages, was found to be closely related but not identical with the recently described B-cell-specific switch recombinase SWAP-70. Def-3, which is down-regulated upon differentiation into granulocytes but expressed in progenitor cells and macrophages, defines a novel family of RNA binding proteins.
Exosomes prep the metastatic site (2015)

Pancreatic tumors release exosomes that prime the liver for metastasis.
SKF-82958 Is a Subtype-selective Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα) Agonist That Induces Functional Interactions between ERα and AP-1 (2002)

The transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors (ERs) can be regulated by ligands as well as agents such as dopamine, which stimulate intracellular signaling pathways able to communicate with these receptors. We examined the ability of SKF-82958 (SKF), a previously characterized full dopamine D1 receptor agonist, to stimulate the transcriptional activity of ERalpha and ERbeta. Treatment of HeLa cells with SKF-82958 stimulated robust ERalpha-dependent transcription from an estrogen-response element-E1b-CAT reporter in the absence of estrogen, and this was accompanied by increased receptor phosphorylation. However, induction of ERbeta-directed gene expression under the same conditions was negligible. In our cell model, SKF treatment did not elevate cAMP levels nor enhance transcription from a cAMP-response element-linked reporter. Control studies revealed that SKF-82958, but not dopamine, competes with 17beta-estradiol for binding to ERalpha or ERbeta with comparable relative binding affinities. Therefore, SKF-82958 is an ERalpha-selective agonist. Transcriptional activation of ERalpha by SKF was more potent than expected from its relative binding activity, and further examination revealed that this synthetic compound induced expression of an AP-1 target gene in a tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-response element (TRE)-dependent manner. A putative TRE site upstream of the estrogen-response element and the amino-terminal domain of the receptor contributed to, but were not required for, SKF-induced expression of an ERalpha-dependent reporter gene. Overexpression of the AP-1 protein c-Jun, but not c-Fos, strongly enhanced SKF-induced ERalpha target gene expression but only when the TRE was present. These studies provide information on the ability of a ligand that weakly stimulates ERalpha to yield strong stimulation of ERalpha-dependent gene expression through cross-talk with other intracellular signaling pathways producing a robust combinatorial response within the cell.
Selective B-cell depletion with rituximab for the treatment of patients with acquired hemophilia (2004)

The activity and safety profile of selective B-cell depletion with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, were evaluated in 10 patients with acquired hemophilia. Rituximab was given intravenously at the dose of 375 mg/m(2) once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Infusion-related side effects were observed in 3 patients but were of mild intensity and did not require discontinuation of treatment. Eight patients with Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor titers between 4 and 96 Bethesda units per milliliter (BU/mL) achieved a complete remission, which was defined as a return to normal FVIII activity and undetectable FVIII inhibitor titers. Two more patients with inhibitor levels greater than 100 BU/mL experienced only a partial transient decrease of the inhibitor after rituximab alone, but they achieved a complete response after being challenged with a combination of rituximab plus pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide. With a median follow-up of 28.5 months (range, 12-41 months), 3 patients have thus far relapsed. Retreatment with the monoclonal antibody at the same dose and schedule resulted in a new sustained response in all these patients. In conclusion, rituximab appears an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with acquired hemophilia and low inhibitor titers. A reinforcement of therapy with other agents seems to be required to achieve a full and durable response in those patients with high inhibitor levels.
Antibiotic use in acute respiratory infections and the ways patients pressure physicians for a prescription. (2001)

Patients strongly influence the antibiotic prescribing of physicians by using a number of different behaviors. To decrease antibiotic use for ART infections, patients should be educated about the dangers and limited benefits of such use, and clinicians should consider appropriate responses to these different patient pressures to prescribe antibiotics.
Neoadjuvant Treatment With Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Results From the GeparQuattro Study (2010)

PURPOSE Trastuzumab, a humanized antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), has shown high efficacy in breast cancer. We prospectively investigated its efficacy given simultaneously with anthracycline-taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with operable or locally advanced, HER2-positive tumors were treated preoperatively with four cycles of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by four cycles of docetaxel with or without capecitabine (EC-T[X]) and trastuzumab 6 mg/kg (with a loading dose of 8 mg/kg) every 3 weeks during all chemotherapy cycles. Patients with HER2-negative tumors treated in the same study with the same chemotherapy but without trastuzumab were used as a reference group. Results Of 1,509 participants, 445 had HER2-positive tumors treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Pathologic complete response (pCR; defined as no invasive or in situ residual tumors in the breast) rate was 31.7%, which was 16% higher than that in the reference group (15.7%). HER2-positive patients without response to the first four cycles of EC showed an unexpectedly high pCR rate of 16.6% (3.3% in the reference group). Breast conservation rate was 63.1% and comparable to that of the reference group (64.7%). EC-T(X) plus trastuzumab was associated with more febrile neutropenia and conjunctivitis, but with a comparable short-term cardiac toxicity profile as the reference group. CONCLUSION This trial confirms that combining trastuzumab with anthracycline-taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in a high pCR rate without clinically relevant early toxicity. Combination of chemotherapy with trastuzumab should be considered when neoadjuvant treatment is given to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analyses of Four Designs of a High-Strength Silicon Nitride Implant (2000)

The effects of implant shape and size on the stress distribution around high-strength silicon nitride implants under vertical and oblique forces were determined using a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Finite element models were designed using as a basis the serial sections of the mandible. Using Auto-CAD software, the model simulated the placement of implants in the molar region of the left mandible. Results of the analyses demonstrated that mainly the implant root shape and the directions of bite forces influence the stress distributions in the supporting bone around each implant. Implant size is a lesser factor. The serrated implants presented a larger surface area to the bone than either the cylindrical or tapered implants, which resulted in lower compressive stress around the serrated implants. With increasing implant diameter and length, compressive stress decreased. The mean compressive stress distribution on the serrated implants was more flat (platykurtic) than on either the cylindrical or tapered implants. Results of studies on two load directions (vertical and oblique) showed that, in either case, the compressive stress in the cortical bone around the neck of the implant was higher than in the cancellous bone along the length of the implant. The most extreme principal compressive stress was found with oblique force. This study provides the first information on the relationship between shape of the silicon nitride implant and stress on the supporting bone.
A Cultural Comparison of Sex Role Identity and Attitude toward Grooming and Recreational Apparel Shopping Behavior among Male Consumers (2013)

This study focused on the cultural differences between South Korea and the U.S. in terms of male consumers' sex role attitude and its influence on grooming and apparel shopping behavior. Purposive samples of American and South Korean males aged between 20 and 40 years were surveyed. The sample sizes were 219 and 233 for American and South Korean consumers, respectively. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 14.0. The results indicated that only grooming was influenced by the perceived femininity in the case of South Korean men; however, the model for American men indicated a significant positive influence of femininity on grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. In other words, American male consumers who perceive themselves feminine were more likely to be engaged in grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. On the other hand, for South Korean men, recreational apparel shopping behavior was not influenced by their sex role attitude, or whether they considered themselves feminine or masculine. This means that recreational apparel shopping behavior is a gender-specific behavior in the U.S., but not in South Korea. The findings of this study indicated that culture has influence on consumers' approach to shopping and appearance. South Korean male consumers were more likely to acknowledge themselves as being feminine, enjoy apparel shopping and grooming compared to American male consumers.
Kinome Profiling in Pediatric Brain Tumors as a New Approach for Target Discovery (2009)

Progression in pediatric brain tumor growth is thought to be the net result of signaling through various protein kinase-mediated networks driving cell proliferation. Defining new targets for treatment of human malignancies, without a priori knowledge on aberrant cell signaling activity, remains exceedingly complicated. Here, we introduce kinome profiling using flow-through peptide microarrays as a new concept for target discovery. Comprehensive tyrosine kinase activity profiles were identified in 29 pediatric brain tumors using the PamChip kinome profiling system. Previously reported activity of epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Met, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in pediatric brain tumors could be appreciated in our array results. Peptides corresponding with phosphorylation consensus sequences for Src family kinases showed remarkably high levels of phosphorylation compared with normal tissue types. Src activity was confirmed applying Phos-Tag SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, the Src family kinase inhibitors PP1 and dasatinib induced substantial tumor cell death in nine pediatric brain tumor cell lines but not in control cell lines. Thus, this study describes a new high-throughput technique to generate clinically relevant tyrosine kinase activity profiles as has been shown here for pediatric brain tumors. In the era of a rapidly increasing number of small-molecule inhibitors, this approach will enable us to rapidly identify new potential targets in a broad range of human malignancies.