gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Spray Coatings for Polymer Matrix Composites in Gas Turbine Engines: A Literary Preview (2014)

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) offer lightweight, high specific strength properties and usually low cost alternatives to the conventional metals or alloys used in gas turbines. However, the limited surface characteristics of these composites prevent their integration where wear resistance, thermal management and electrical conductivity are necessary. To overcome this problem, coatings can be deposited onto these materials to provide the required protection as well as extending their functionality. This review article provides an insight on the current status of polymer matrix composites in the aeronautical realm while focusing on the advances in the coating technology being made to improve their effectiveness for propulsion applications
High-Speed Parallel Hardware Architecture for Galois Counter Mode (2007)

Parallel hardware architecture for an authenticated encryption mode GCM (Galois Counter Mode) capable of a throughput higher than 100 Gbps is proposed. In GCM, the CTR mode can encrypt multiple data blocks independently, but a hash function performs multiply-add operation with the cipher-text blocks sequentially. Therefore, a parallel multiply-adder was designed and integrated into the GCM hardware with a 14-stage pipelined AES circuit and two kinds of S-box, composite field and BDD (Binary Decision Tree) versions. Performance of a 4-parallel version was evaluated by using a 0.13- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS standard cell library, and very high throughputs of 102 Gbps with 600 Kgates and 162 Gbps with 979 Kgates were obtained by the composite and BDD S-boxes, respectively. Higher hardware efficiency (throughput/gate) in comparison with prior art was also achieved. The critical path of the design is the multiply-adder in each local processing block, and is not affected by the number of the parallel blocks. Therefore the proposed architecture has almost linear scalability in terms of hardware speed versus size.
Midlife adiposity and the future risk of Parkinson’s disease (2002)

Increased triceps skinfold thickness measured in midlife is associated with an elevated risk of future PD. Whether patterns of adiposity reflect a unique metabolic pathology in individuals at a high risk of PD warrants further study.
Molecular and Pathotypic Characterization of New <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> Strains from West Africa (2007)

DNA polymorphism analysis and pathogenicity assays were used to characterize strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola collected from rice leaves in West Africa. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent amplified fragment-length polymorphism (FAFLP) analyses were assessed for molecular characterization, while pathogenicity was tested by leaf clipping and leaf infiltration. Dendrograms were generated for the data sets obtained from RFLP analysis and repetitive polymerase chain reaction suggesting that the interrelationships between strains were dependent on the technique used. In all cases, data showed that African strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae form a group genetically distant from Asian strains. FAFLP analyses separated the X. oryzae strains into three groups with significant bootstrap values. A specific and intriguing feature of African strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae is a reduction in the number of insertion sequence elements and transcription activator-like (avrBs3/pthA) effector genes, based on the molecular markers employed in the study. In addition, pathogenicity assays conducted with African strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae on a series of nearly isogenic lines (NILs) identified three new races. Finally, leaf infiltration assays revealed the capacity of African strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae to induce a nonhost hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana, in contrast with Asian X. oryzae pv. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strains. Our results reveal substantial differences between genomic characteristics of Asian and African strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
Toxicity assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using an air-tight algal toxicity test (2006)

The existing toxicity data on the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green alga) are quite insufficient. These data were derived using different test techniques (e.g. conventional batch test, closed-system test, semi-static test). The relative toxicity relationship for various PAHs is thus difficult to interpret. Consequently, the current toxicity database is insufficient and also inadequate for analyses of the effects of PAHs on P. subcapitata. This study evaluated the toxicity of eleven PAHs using an air-tight test technique. The relative toxicity relationship was determined on a uniform basis, and was different from the relationship based on current available data. P. subcapitata. was found to be more susceptible to PAHs than Daphnia magna, fathead minnow, and Scenedesmus subspicatus. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was established based on the chemical's hydrophobicity with R(2) equal to 0.88. Photo-induced toxicity for various PAHs was also explored by exposing PAHs under UV-photoactivation. Toxicity of anthracene, benzanthrone, and benzo[a]anthracene was found to increase 3.5 to 25 times after UV exposure. Phototoxicity was observed when the HOMO-LUMO gap varied between 6.8 and 8.0 eV.
Development of water wealth in India – burning issues about future options (2013)

There are many beliefs about the role of land use and its relation to hydrology, which need to be examined in the light of scientific evidence. Simplistic views, have created a mindset which not only links degradation with less forest but rehabilitation and conservation with more forest; particularly because they imply the inevitable link between the absence of forests and ‘degradation’ of water resources. This is also true in relation to forestry, agro forestry and hydrology; claims by enthusiastic agro foresters and foresters are often not supportable. When scrutinized, many of the mother statements relating to forestry and the environment are seen to be either exaggerated or untenable. It is highly relevant and crucial to know what can be attached to these statements for the proper management of water resources and land use. Similarly, there are widespread misconceptions about the utility of run-of-river and small river valley projects. This article presents some facts on limitations and efficacy of large water storage versus small dams & rain water harvesting structures. It is inevitable to increase water use efficiencies if we have to meet the ever increasing demand for water. Similarly equity in utilization and availability of water in irrigated agriculture as also in domestic supply are required to be ensured, as the present state of affairs is far from satisfactory. This paper suggests critical review of the crucial role of harnessing the water wealth for accelerated infra-structural growth in the developing countries, serious examination of mother statements about relation of forests and hydrologic elements - Whether Forests increase rainfall, Forests increase runoff, Forests regulate flows, Forests reduce erosion, Forests reduce floods, Forests ‘sterilize’ water supplies and improve water quality and Agro forestry systems increase productivity? Another contribution of this article is intended to raise the debate, whether the large scale requirements of irrigation, power, flood moderation, water supply for urban and rural population as well as industrial and power sector cooling requirements, can be met through rain water harvesting and by a series of run-of-river and small river valley projects? Even though this presentation cannot be an exhaustive treatise on the theme; nevertheless, it should assist the policy planners, project formulators and other involved personnel in the implementation of water resources development projects. Valuable work of Development Support Centre (DSC) in compiling information on water use efficiency and problems of tail enders in irrigation sector has been briefly covered. Similar situation also exists in drinking water.
Studies of the Thermal Degradation of Acetaminophen Using a Conventional HPLC Approach and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2004)

The thermal degradation of acetaminophen is studied via conventional accelerated aging studies by initially thermally stressing the compound at temperatures between 160 degrees C and 190 degrees C and measuring the rate of decomposition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Rates of decomposition of the compound in the dry state and the activation energy for the process are determined and compared with previously published kinetic and thermodynamic data for the degradation of acetaminophen in solution. In addition, the thermal fragmentation of acetaminophen under electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions using an interface with a heated capillary inlet is studied and the apparent activation energy for this process also is characterized. A comparison of the data shows that acetaminophen is significantly more stable in the dry state than in solution. However, the gas-phase fragmentation of acetaminophen under ESI conditions occurs more readily than either dry- or solution-state degradation. Although the resulting electrospray fragmentation mimics the breakdown product that is formed when the compound undergoes either acid or base catalyzed hydrolysis in aqueous solutions, the mechanism that produces the fragment ion appears to involve a two-step process. Initially, the parent ion forms of the analyte are produced in the spray region of the interface followed by wall-catalyzed decomposition and re-ionization in the heated inlet capillary of the spectrometer.
Ontology-Driven Document Enrichment: Principles and Case Studies (1999)

. In this paper we present an approach to document enrichment, which consists of associating formal knowledge models to archives of documents, to provide intelligent knowledge retrieval and (possibly) additional knowledge services, beyond what is available using &apos;standard&apos; information retrieval and search facilities. The approach is ontology-driven, in the sense that the construction of the knowledge model is carried out in a top-down fashion, by populating a given ontology, rather than in a bottom-up fashion, by annotating a particular document. In the paper we give an overview of the approach and discuss its application to the domains of electronic news publishing, scholarly discourse and medical guidelines. 1. INTRODUCTION An important activity in knowledge management is &quot;to convert text to knowledge&quot; (O&apos;Leary, 1998). This activity is central to knowledge management for two reasons: i) work practices and information flow in organisations tend to be document-centred and ii)...
The application of the RNA interference technology in the treatment of pancreatic cancer's gene therapy (2007)

RNA interference(RNAi) is a post-transcription gene silence which is drived by double strand RNA(dsRNA) specificly.As an effective measure of gene silence,RNAi technology shows a promising prospect in the treatment of tumer.Therefore,we summarize the application of the RNAi technology in the treatment of pancreatic cancer's gene therapy
Effects of various carotenoids on cloned, effector‐stage T‐helper cell activity (1996)

Astaxanthin, a carotenoid without provitamin A activity, enhances murine T-helper (Th) cell clone-mediated antibody (Ab) production with suboptimal antigen (Ag) challenges. It also suppresses interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by cloned murine Th1 cells. beta-Carotene is less effective than astaxanthin. This study evaluates the effects of various carotenoids with various relative polarity, provitamin A activity, and antioxidant activity. Carotenoids tested include astaxanthin, cantaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and lycopene, and their effects were tested at a concentration at which astaxanthin's effect was most potent. A.E7 and CDC35 cells are used as representative type 1 and type 2 Th cell (Th1 and Th2) clones, respectively. In the Th1 clone, astaxanthin, but not other carotenoids, suppressed IFN-gamma production and increased the number of Ab-secreting cells with the use of primed spleen cells. With cultures of Th1 cells and unprimed spleen cells, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin augmented the number of immunoglobulin M Ab-secreting cells. In the cultures of Th2 clone and primed spleen cells, astaxanthin, but not other carotenoids, enhanced the number of Ab-secreting cells. With unprimed spleen cells, lycopene suppressed Th2 clone-mediated Ab production. Interleukin-5 production by the Th2 clone was not significantly altered with the carotenoids tested, irrespective of the use of unprimed or primed spleen cells. Carotenoid actions on Th cells may vary in each carotenoid and do not seem to be closely associated with carotenoid antioxidant activity or relative polarity.
Sensing airflow by a humanoid robot (2002)

This paper describes the development of a system for measuring airflow moving past the head of a humanoid robot. In recent years there has been growing interest in the development of humanoid robots. To function in a safe and efficient manner a humanoid robot must be &apos;aware &apos; of its surroundings. For both a human and a humanoid robot airflow can provide useful information. Airflow sensors measure local air movement and can detect such things as draughts resulting from open doors and the air disturbance caused by walking close to the humanoid robot. When used in conjunction with an odour sensor measurements of airflow in the vicinity of a humanoid robot can also provide important information for localising the source of an odour. This paper describes progress in the development of an airflow measuring system that is compatible with the humanoid form and gives results showing that it can indicate both airflow velocity and direction. 1
Pramipexole, a Dopamine Agonist, in Major Depression: Antidepressant Effects and Tolerability in an Open-Label Study with Multiple Doses (1997)

Summary: The safety, tolerability, and the antidepressant effects of pramipexole, a dopaminergic agonist, were assessed in 26 patients hospitalized for major depression. Total daily doses ranged from 1.75 to 9.0 mg using a 14-day dose escalation phase to reach the target or highest attainable dose, which was then administered unchanged for an additional 14 days. The study was terminated at the 6.25-mg dose level because nausea, restlessness, headache, and insomnia became dose-limiting. No clinically important laboratory, electrocardiographic, or vital sign abnormalities were noted. Ninety-six percent of the patients (25/26) were markedly or severely ill by the Clinical Global Impression severity scale at the start of the study, whereas only 27% (7/26) remained in this category at the final visit. Pramipexole administration resulted in consistent reductions in clinical depression. Scores on three major rating scales showed reductions of ≥35% in 13, 12, and 10 of the 26 patients, respectively. A more marked improvement of at least 50% was also noted in a substantial number of patients (MADRS 9/26, BRMES 7/26, and HAMD-17 6/26). This escalating dose-tolerance study with preliminary efficacy data demonstrated sufficient safety and antidepressant properties of pramipexole in severely depressed patients to justify a larger doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial.
SeVeCom — Security and privacy in Car2Car ad hoc networks (2009)

In order to reduce the amount of traffic accidents on the roads, new safety systems based on vehicular communication - which allows vehicles to exchange information with nearby vehicles - are being developed. Similar to wireless communication in other domains, this type of information exchange is threatened by various kinds of attacks that could outweigh the advantages of safety applications and cause additional risks for traffic participants. Therefore, it is necessary for applications to recognize attacks and stop eavesdroppers from gaining sensitive information about the vehicles' occupants. The SeVeCom project dealt with those challenges and developed solutions that can be applied in realistic scenarios.
한국어 말하기 교육에서의 상호최적성이론 적용 연구 (2015)

지금까지 말하기 교육에서 그라이스주의(Gricean Maxims, 格萊斯主義) 대화격률을 금과옥조로 받아들여 문법과 같이 ‘화’의 ‘법’으로 이해하게 되었다. 하지만 일상 대화의 실제 발화들은 이러한 격률을 엄격하게 지킨 담화로만 이루어져 있지 않다. 따라서 대화의 격률이 말하기의 이론으로 직접 대입될 수 없고 외국어로서의 한국어 말하기 교육에도 그대로 적용될 수 없음을 분명히 보여주고 있다. 논문은 이러한 이론에 기대어 말하기 교재와 교육에서는 아래와 같은 두 가지 문제를 제기했다. 첫째, 대화에서는 현실 생활에서 가능한 여러 가지 변이형들을 제시되어야 하는데 말하기 교재는 일반적으로 일문일답의 형식으로 대화 예문을 제시하였다. 이런 대화는 그라이스(1975)의 질의 격률과 양의 격률에 맞으며 문법이나 상황에도 맞는 대화이지만 현실생활에서 이탈된 것이 많다. 둘째, 대화에서 상황 제시나 스키마 교육 등과 같은 언어 외적 요소(言語外的要素)에 대한 설명이 결여되어 있다. 이런 대화도 문법이나 상황에 맞고 또 그라이스(1975)의 관련격률에도 맞는 대화이지만 의사소통이 원활하게 이루어지지 않는 것들이 많았다.. 논문은 이런 문제의식에서 출발하여 세 개 측면에서 논의하였다. 먼저 국내 상호최적성이론의 선행 연구를 돌아보고 그 한계와 말하기 교육에서 적용 가능성을 제시하였다. 다음으로 상호최적성 이론의 발전 배경과 그 특징 및 분석모형을 소개하고 상호최적성이론의 틀 속에서 한국어 말하기에서 화자와 청자의 대화를 실례로 구문 제약, 화용론 제약 및 억양제약을 표현과 이해의 측면에서 제약의 순위를 살폈다. 마지막으로 교재에 대화 내용을 입력할 때 다양하고 현실성이 강한 담화모형 제시, 언어의 산출과 이해에 적용되는 화용적 제약에 대한 설명 제시, 억양제약이 작용되는 담화형태의 제시와 설명 등의 제안을 제기하고 상호최적성이론이 외국어로서의 한국어 말하기 교육에 일정한 부분 기여할 수 있음을 제시했다.
In Situ Liquefaction Evaluation Using a Vibrating Penetrometer (2000)

The current approach for using cone penetration test data for liquefaction potential assessment involves the comparison of the seismic stresses imparted into a soil mass during an earthquake to the resistance of the soil to liquefaction. The approach involves an indirect correlation of density and other soil parameters to the liquefaction resistance of the soil mass. A direct approach for evaluating the liquefaction potential of a soil deposit has been proposed through a test using a vibrating piezocone penetrometer. Calibration chamber tests in saturated clean sands indicate that the penetration resistance of a soil mass can be significantly reduced through vibration under certain density and stress conditions. This reduction in penetration resistance is associated with elevated pore water pressures, and is directly related to the liquefaction potential of the soil.
Repetition of the preprimary year: Why is it done, and what is its effect? (2001)

A three-phase study examined preprimary grade repetition in Western Australian schools. The purpose was to identify factors that influence teacher recommendations to repeat and to investigate outcomes of repeating. Focus group discussions with 24 preprimary teachers in the first phase identified three categories of factors: child, home, and school. Child factors that teachers considered important for coping in Year I were language, motor, and social skills. In the second phase of the study, 54 children were assessed on these three skills using the Early Screening Profiles (Harrison, 1990). A control group of“competent”Year Is was compared with children repeating preprimary and with Year Is considered “at risk” of not coping.The control group performed significantly better on all three skills than the other two groups, confirming thot these skills are accurately assessed in teachers’judgements of readiness for Year 1. The third phase of the study consisted of a posttest of the at-risk Year Is and the children repeating preprimary. The posttest late in the academic year did not find any significant differences between the language, motor, and social development of the two groups.
Artificial Intelligence Methodologies and Their Application to Diabetes (2017)

In the past decade diabetes management has been transformed by the addition of continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump data. More recently, a wide variety of functions and physiologic variables, such as heart rate, hours of sleep, number of steps walked and movement, have been available through wristbands or watches. New data, hydration, geolocation, and barometric pressure, among others, will be incorporated in the future. All these parameters, when analyzed, can be helpful for patients and doctors' decision support. Similar new scenarios have appeared in most medical fields, in such a way that in recent years, there has been an increased interest in the development and application of the methods of artificial intelligence (AI) to decision support and knowledge acquisition. Multidisciplinary research teams integrated by computer engineers and doctors are more and more frequent, mirroring the need of cooperation in this new topic. AI, as a science, can be defined as the ability to make computers do things that would require intelligence if done by humans. Increasingly, diabetes-related journals have been incorporating publications focused on AI tools applied to diabetes. In summary, diabetes management scenarios have suffered a deep transformation that forces diabetologists to incorporate skills from new areas. This recently needed knowledge includes AI tools, which have become part of the diabetes health care. The aim of this article is to explain in an easy and plane way the most used AI methodologies to promote the implication of health care providers-doctors and nurses-in this field.
Fast multiscale statistical signal processing algorithms (2002)

It is shown that a large set of (non necessarily stationary) correlation matrices may be transformed into a matrix that consists of essentially banded subblocks. The transformation is accompanied by pre- and postmultiplication with an orthogonal matrix whose elements are derived from the impulse responses of a suitably designed cascade of alias free multirate analysis filter banks. It is further proved that the Cholesky factor of the transformed matrix also consists of essentially banded subblocks. These two observations are combined to show that the linear positive definite systems of equations that arise in statistical signal processing can be solved in O(max(N log /sup 2/(N), N/sup 2/)) operations while matrix-vector multiplication steps may be implemented in O(n log (N)) operations. An error analysis of the proposed linear positive definite system solver is also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The black flies (Simuliidae) of North America (2005)

A ROM Publication in Science A Comstock Book Published in association with the Royal Ontario Museum There is much more to black flies than you can learn in the woods on a warm spring day. This book compiles the authors' previously unpublished research and nearly all of the published information on North American black flies. All aspects of black flies are treated within the context of a worldwide perspective, including natural history and ecology, cytology and morphology, phylogeny and classification, economic impact, pest management, natural enemies, history of research, study methods, and identification. Each of the 254 species known from the continent north of Mexico, including 43 new species, is treated in detail. Each species account summarizes all pertinent information on taxonomy, morphology, cytology, physiology, molecular systematics, and bionomics. The book is copiously illustrated with more than 1,100 figures, including color drawings of larvae and adult thoraxes, by some of the world's foremost scientific illustrators. Additional figures and photographs show chromosomal and morphological features, portraits of important researchers, control efforts, natural enemies, oviposition behavior, and cladograms. Detailed distribution maps show the range of each species. A Comstock Book published in Association with the Royal Ontario Museum