gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selecting relevant visual features for speechreading (2009)

A quantitative measure of relevance is proposed for the task of constructing visual feature sets which are at the same time relevant and compact. A feature's relevance is given by the amount of information that it contains about the problem, while compactness is achieved by preventing the replication of information between features. To achieve these goals, we use mutual information both for assessing relevance and measuring the redundancy between features. Our application is speechreading, that is, speech recognition performed on the video of the speaker. This is justified by the fact that the performance of audio speech recognition can be improved by augmenting the audio features with visual ones, especially when there is noise in the audio channel. We report significant improvements compared to the most common method of dimensionality reduction for speechreading, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA).
Pericytes influence endothelial cell growth characteristics: Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) (2005)

Pericytes, located in close proximity to the underlying endothelium, form an integral component of the microvasculature. These cells are intimately involved in angiogenesis, which is of fundamental importance in many physiological and pathological processes. We evaluated the influence of pericyte-conditioned medium (PCM) on endothelial cell growth characteristics and modulation of endothelial gene expression.Migration and tubule formation assays were performed in vitro to determine the effect of PCM on endothelial growth characteristics. cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify alterations in gene expression following exposure of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) to PCM. Overexpression of PAI-1 using recombinant protein or transient transfection, and inhibition using an inhibitory antibody against PAI-1, were used to determine whether up- or down-regulation of this gene was responsible for the changes in endothelial cell characteristics observed in response to PCM exposure.We have shown that PCM exerts a dramatic inhibitory influence on endothelial cell migration in vitro. In addition, endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel and exposed to PCM were found to generate significantly fewer angiogenic branches. Microarray analysis of endothelial cells exposed to PCM identified PAI-1 as the gene showing the greatest level of differential expression (3.4-fold induction). Studies using an inhibitory antibody to PAI-1 suggest that induction of this protein by PCM is pivotal to the observed inhibitory influence on the migratory and angiogenic potential of HMEC-1. We further investigated this by overexpressing PAI-1, which was shown to have a potent inhibitory influence on EC migration and angiogenic branching, although the concentration of PAI-1 was clearly important.Collectively, these findings suggest that PCM contains a bioactive element(s) that controls both endothelial cell migration and tubule formation in vitro and that these responses may be partially controlled by increased endothelial cell expression of PAI-1.
A 13.4-GHz CMOS frequency divider (2002)

This paper describes the design ofa 13.4 GHz 1/2-frequency divider fabricated in a partially-scaled 0.1 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology. The circuit design is heavily influenced by the device structures and layout rules. To reduce both fabrication cost and turnaround time, the CMOS process scales only channel length to 0.1 /spl mu/m and gate oxide to 40 /spl Aring/. Design rules for other dimensions correspond to a 1 /spl mu/m technology, yielding a minimum source/drain area of 2.2 /spl times/2.2 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Thus the contribution of the source/drain junction capacitance is substantial, severely limiting speed. The divider described employs the following techniques to improve the speed: 1) nMOSFETs for sensing and regeneration and pMOSFETs for pull-up, 2) no stacked devices and pass gates, 3) ring-shaped geometry for all transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Substitution of Ser for Arg-443 in the Regulatory Domain of Human Housekeeping (GLUD1) Glutamate Dehydrogenase Virtually Abolishes Basal Activity and Markedly Alters the Activation of the Enzyme by ADP and l-Leucine (2002)

Human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) exists in GLUD1 (housekeeping) and in GLUD2-specified (brain-specific) isoforms, which differ markedly in their basal activity and allosteric regulation. To determine the structural basis of these functional differences, we mutagenized the GLUD1 GDH at four residues that differ from those of the GLUD2 isoenzyme. Functional analyses revealed that substitution of Ser for Arg-443 (but not substitution of Thr for Ser-331, Leu for Met-370, or Leu for Met-415) virtually abolished basal activity and totally abrogated the activation of the enzyme by l-leucine (1-10 mm) in the absence of other effectors. However, when ADP (0.025-0.1 mm) was present in the reaction mixture, l-leucine (0.3-6.0 mm) activated the mutant enzyme up to >2,000%. The R443S mutant was much less sensitive to ADP (SC(50) = 383.9 +/- 14.6 microm) than the GLUD1 GDH (SC(50) = 31.7 +/- 4.2 microm; p < 0.001); however, at 1 mm ADP the V(max) for the mutant (136.67 micromol min(-1) mg(-1)) was comparable with that of the GLUD1 GDH (152.95 micromol min(-1) mg(-1)). Varying the composition and the pH of the reaction buffer differentially affected the mutant and the wild-type GDH. Arg-443 lies in the "antenna" structure, in a helix that undergoes major conformational changes during catalysis and is involved in intersubunit communication. Its replacement by Ser is sufficient to impair both the catalytic and the allosteric function of human GDH.
Minimally intrusive occupied hall measurement techniques (1993)

With high-powered portable computers and digital signal processing boards it is possible to make high-quality, broadband impulse response measurements that are minimally intrusive to audience and performers. In January 1992 the authors designed a stimulus for measurements at Symphony Hall, Boston that permitted stimulus levels near or below the audience’s masked threshold. Synchronous averaging of the response increased the signal-to-noise ratio and minimized inaccuracies due to random audience and performer movement. Subsequent measurement sessions in Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco and the Academy of Music, Philadelphia provided the opportunity to fine-tune the stimulus type, number of averages, and various source characteristics, including: spectrum, level, directionality, and placement relative to intrusion upon audience and performers. Source directionality and placement were selected to optimize convolution with recordings of solo violin. Typically, measurements are made at levels above the masked threshold following a brief announcement. There are interesting exceptions when occupied hall measurements can only be made at levels near or below the masked threshold. In either case, occupied hall measurements must be designed to minimize the intrusion upon the concert setting, particularly when working with major symphony orchestras.
Photophysical Properties of Three Methanofullerene Derivatives (1998)

The three [6,6]-ring bridged methanofullerenes 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized; their ground-state absorption spectra in toluene and cyclohexane solutions are presented and possible assignments discussed. Although these three molecules are very different, they have very similar triplet–triplet spectra and near-unity values for the quantum yield for O2(1Δg) production by energy transfer from the triplet states, implying that the quantum yield of triplet production is approximately 1.
Plasma etching on large-area mono-, multi- and quasi-mono crystalline silicon (2013)

We use plasma etched Black Si (BS)[1][2] nanostructures to achieve low reflectance due to the resulting graded refractive index at the Si-air interface. The goal of this investigation is to develop a suitable texturing method for Si solar cells. Branz et al. [3]report below 3% average reflectance for their 16.8% efficient black Si cell using a metal-assisted, chemical etching method on FZ mono-crystalline Si substrates. Yoo et al. [4] use RIE similar to this work on large-area, multi-crystalline Si cells and achieve a 16.1% efficiency despite a relatively high reflectance of 13.3%. Despite several advantages such as; (i) excellent light trapping, (ii) dry, single-sided and scalable process method and (iii) etch independence on crystallinity of Si, RIE-texturing has so far not been proven superior to standard wet texturing, primarily as a result of lower power conversion efficiency due to increased surface recombination. This work shows promising potential of future improvements in power conversion efficiency, since excellent light absorption has been shown for large-area, industry grade CZ Si wafers with several identified areas of improvement. We show that the RIE nanostructures lead to superior light absorption independent of crystalline grade and incident angle. A texturing method which is applicable to all industrially relevant grades of Si and which yields improved performance at non-ideal incident angles has a major scientific and commercial relevance. The nanostructures were fabricated using maskless RIE in a O2 and SF6 plasma, and the surface topology was optimized for solar cell applications by varying gas flows, pressure, power and process time. The starting substrates were 156x156 mm p-type, CZ mono-, multi- and quasi-mono crystalline Si wafers, respectively, with a thickness of 200 μm. Reflectance measurements of the RIE-textured mono-, multi and quasi-mono Si surfaces were performed using a broadband lightsource (Mikropack DH-2000), an integrating sphere (Mikropack ISP-30-6-R), and a spectrometer (Ocean Optics QE65000, 280-1000 nm). The reference solar spectral irradiance for AM 1.5 was used to calculate the weighted average reflectance in the wavelength range from 280-1000 nm. Our mask-less, scalable RIE nanostructuring of the Si surface is shown to reduce the AM1.5-weighted average reflectance to a level below 1 % in a fully optimized RIE texturing, and thus holds a significant potential for improvement of solar cell performance compared to current industrial standards. The reflectance is shown to remain below that of conventional textured cells also at high angle of incidence. The process is shown to be equally applicable to mono-, multi- and quasi-mono-crystalline Si. 1
Detection of E2A-PBX1 fusion transcripts in human non-small-cell lung cancer (2013)

E2A-PBX1 fusion gene caused by t(1;19)(q23;p13) may be a common genetic change in AIS and a survival determinant for female AIS patients at early stage.
Semi-elastic impact studies of carbonyl iron microspheres on diamond-polished metal targets (relevant to interelectrode bouncing of charged microparticles in a high-voltage vacuum gap) (1977)

A UHV microparticle gun has been used to accelerate carbonyl iron spheres of diameters ranging from 0.1 to 2 mu m to velocities of 20-100 m s-1 for semi-elastic impact studies on 1/4 mu m diamond polished metal electrodes. The mean values of the microscopic coefficients of restitution have been measured for a range of target materials of varying hardness (lead, copper, nickel, phosphor bronze, iron, titanium, stainless steel and carbon), and are in broad agreement with the previously determined macroscopic behaviour. The considerable scatter associated with the present experimental results has been interpreted in terms of the microtopography of the target surfaces.
Introduction of carboxylic acid, aldehyde, and alcohol functional groups onto the surface of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntroduction of carboxylic acid, aldehyde, and alcohol functional groups onto the surface of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene)Anthony J. Dias and Thomas J. McCarthyCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 9, 2068–2076Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00175a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00175a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robustness of an Adaptive Beamforming Method for Hearing Aids (1990)

We describe the results of computer simulations of a multimicrophone adaptive-beamforming system as a noise reduction device for hearing aids. Of particular concern was the system's sensitivity to violations of the underlying assumption that the target signal is identical at the microphones. Two-and four-microphone versions of the system were tested in simulated anechoic and modestly-reverberant environments with one and two jammers, and with deviations from the assumed straight-ahead target direction. Also examined were the effects of input target-to-jammer ratio and adaptive-filter length. Generally, although the noise-reduction performance of the system is degraded by target misalignment and modest reverberation, the system still provides positive advantage at input target-to-jammer ratios up to about 0 dB. This is in contrast to the degrading target-cancellation effect that the system can have when the equal-target assumption is violated and the input target-to-jammer ratio is greater than zero.
Principles of electron capture and transfer dissociation mass spectrometry applied to peptide and protein structure analysis (2013)

This tutorial review describes the principles and practices of electron capture and transfer dissociation (ECD/ETD or ExD) mass spectrometry (MS) employed for peptide and protein structure analysis. ExD MS relies on interactions between gas phase peptide or protein ions carrying multiple positive charges with either free low-energy (~1 eV) electrons (ECD), or with reagent radical anions possessing an electron available for transfer (ETD). As a result of recent implementation on sensitive, high resolution, high mass accuracy, and liquid chromatography timescale-compatible mass spectrometers, ExD, more specifically, ETD MS has received particular interest in life science research. In addition to describing the fundamental aspects of ExD radical ion chemistry, this tutorial provides practical guidelines for peptide de novo sequencing with ExD MS, as well as reviews some of the current capabilities and limitations of these techniques. The merits of ExD MS are discussed primarily within the context of life science research.
Electrochemical Olefin Epoxidation Employing an Iron(IV)Porphyrin/Trisbipyridineruthenium(III) Polymer Catalyst (2005)

A porphyrin molecule containing four meso-appended 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands has been prepared. Each bipyridine is attached to the porphyrin core at the 4-position (pseudo-para to one of the pyridine nitrogens). Subsequently, each of the four bipyridines was complexed with a RuL2(2+) moiety and iron coordinated in the porphyrin core. When L = 4-vinyl-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine, reduction of the ruthenium centers resulted in the formation of robust electroactive polymer films which deposited on the electrode surface. In the presence of aqueous acid, these films electrocatalytically epoxidize cyclohexene at positive potentials from the formal iron(IV) oxidation state. Although product analysis has only been conducted for cyclohexene, the catalytic activity extends to a large variety of olefins including ethylene and propylene.
Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor Stabilized at the Whole Region with Speed and Stator Resistance Identification based on Augmented Error (2004)

This paper proposes new identification laws of an adaptive flux observer for speed sensorless vector controls. In speed sensorless vector controls of an induction motor with the adaptive observer, the speed identification system is known to be unstable in a part of regenerating region. In addition, it is pointed out that the stator resistance variation interferes with the speed identification. Thus it is necessary to find an adaptive scheme which can stabilize the identification system.In this paper, firstly, the stability on the parameter identification is discussed from the viewpoint of Popov’s hyper stability. Secondly, identification laws for the speed and the stator resistance are proposed based on the new identification system which is derived by using the augmented error. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by experiments.
Alternative Oxidase Activity and the Ubiquinone Redox Level in Soybean Cotyledon and Arum Spadix Mitochondria during NADH and Succinate Oxidation (1996)

In Arum and soybean (Glycine max L.) mitochondria, the dependence of the alternative oxidase activity on the redox level of ubiquinone, with NADH and succinate as substrates, was studied, using a voltametric procedure to measure the ubiquinone redox poise in the mitochondrial membrane. The results showed that when the enzyme was activated by pyruvate the relationship between the alternative oxidase rate and the redox state of the ubiquinone pool was the same for both NADH and succinate oxidations. In the absence of pyruvate the alternative oxidase had an apparent lower affinity for ubiquinol. This was more marked with NADH than with succinate and was possibly due to pyruvate production during succinate oxidation or to an activation of the alternative oxidase by succinate itself. In Arum spadix (unlike soybean cotyledon) mitochondria, succinate oxidation via the alternative oxidase maintained the ubiquinone pool in a partially reduced state (60%), whereas NADH oxidation kept it almost completely reduced. Previous data comparing mitochondria from thermogenic and nonthermogenic tissues have not examined the full range of ubiquinone redox levels in both tissues, leading to the suggestion that the activity of alternative oxidase for Arum was different from nonthermogenic tissues. When the complete range of redox states of ubiquinone is used and the oxidase is fully activated, the alternative oxidase from thermogenic tissue (Arum) behaves similarly to that of nonthermogenic tissue (soybean).
Ocean frontal variability in the Frontal Air‐Sea Interaction Experiment (1991)

Oceanographic observations during the Frontal Air‐Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) in the Sargasso Sea indicate that upper ocean fronts in the subtropical convergence are strongly surface‐intensified coherent flow structures which have a preferred orientation and translation speed. Fronts grow as they propagate in this region such that currents roughly double in strength in a time that they translate by twice their width. While currents are dominated by geostrophic momentum balance, the Rossby number of these flows can reach a few tenths. Mixed layer water from the cold side of fronts appears to subduct under warm‐side near‐surface waters, since isolated lenses of water with cold‐side temperature and salinity characteristics are found embedded in the seasonal thermocline on the warm side of fronts. Although plausible vertical speeds were observed, no actual rates of subduction could be estimated. Typical frontal widths, temperature contrasts, horizontal currents, vertical shears, vertical currents, and translation speeds of fronts in the region studied are 20 km, 1°C, 0.5 m s −1 , 0.005 s −1 , 0.0005 m s −1 , and 0.2 m s −1 , respectively.
Discrimination of Enantiomers by Chiral Micelles Observed by NMR Spectroscopy (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteDiscrimination of Enantiomers by Chiral Micelles Observed by NMR Spectroscopy†Gianluca Belogi, Michela Croce, and Giovanna ManciniView Author Information Centro CNR di Studio sui Meccanismi di Reazione, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy Cite this: Langmuir 1997, 13, 10, 2903–2904Publication Date (Web):May 14, 1997Publication History Received25 November 1996Revised24 February 1997Published online14 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la9620418https://doi.org/10.1021/la9620418brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Micelles,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Solution chemistry,Surfactants,Water Get e-Alerts
All-solid-state electrochromic thin films for optical iris application (2015)

We have successfully developed an all-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD) as the optical iris for a camera lens application. The all-solid-state ECD could potentially control the transmittance from 88.5% to 6.5% at 633nm. The patterned electrochromic solid state device with the one substrate structure of NiO/Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> /WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> on ITO coated glass was prepared at room temperature by reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique and shadow mask method. With the application of ECDs, it is possible to directly attach the electrochromic optical iris onto a camera lens without any mechanical equipment. Furthermore, the low power consumption of 16.75mW per switching cycle at voltages as low as 5.5 V, make ECDs the ideal components for battery powered mobile applications.