gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poster — Thur Eve — 30: Plastic Scintillation Detector Characterization for Small Fields and Stereotactic Radiosurgery Quality Assurance (2010)

Purpose: To compare the performance of a plastic scintillation detector (PSD) for quality assurance (QA) in stereotactic radiosurgery to micro‐chamber (MC), gafchromic films, shielded diode (SD) and unshielded diodes (UD). Method and Materials: The PSD consists of a 1 mm diameter by 1 mm long scintillating fiber coupled to a polymethyl‐methacrylate optical fiber. Output factors and dose profiles for apertures used in radiosurgery have been measured. Moreover, a typical stereotactic radiosurgery treatment, using four non‐coplanar arcs, was delivered on a spherical phantom in which UD, MC or PSD was placed at the isocenter, where 15 Gy was prescribed. Results: The output factors measured with the PSD are within a mean discrepancy of 1 % compared to UD for the small apertures when normalized to the 35 mm cone. For larger cones the PSD is within 1.3% compared to the SD and the MC. When done with a 35 mm cone, the measured dose for an entire typical stereotactic plan by the PSD is within 1.8% of the measurement performed using the MC and within 1% of the planning system. Volume averaging of the MC can be observed for the 5 mm aperture, where the PSD measurement differs by as much as 9.1%. Conclusion: For stereotactic radiosurgery treatment verification, the PSD gives accurate results compared to the MC once the output factor ratio are taken into account to correct for the averaging effect of the MC. The PSD shows great potential for stereotactic radiosurgery QA measurements.
Advances in Laser Spectroscopy (1983)

This book presents the lectures and seminars given at the NATO Study Institute on ''Advances in Laser Spectroscopy'' held in Italy in 1981. Topics include experimental and theoretical techniques (e.g., Rydberg atoms in magnetic and electric fields; progress in tunable lasers; UV-generation in CW dye lasers); applications of laser spectroscopy (e.g., new phenomena in coherent optical transients); and recent results and trends (e.g., the search for parity non-conservation in atoms; a possible new approach to free-electron lasers). Recommended for young researchers and advanced students engaged in the area of quantum electronics.
Patient-Tailored Assistance: A New Concept of Assistive Robotic Device That Adapts to Individual Users (2014)

This article presents the development of a new concept for an assistive robotic device that can help people as needed, considering their residual physical and cognitive abilities, and, at the same time, increase their cognitive and physical abilities in activities of daily living (ADLs), such as drinking, cooking, eating, personal hygiene, and grooming.
Molecular determinants of glioma cell migration and invasion (2001)

Activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the best predictors of glioma cell invasion. The alpha(v)beta3 integrin mediates migration and invasion in a subset of glioma cell lines, but these processes do not depend on alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression. Antiapoptotic BCL-2 family protein expression is a predictor of efficient migration and invasion.
<i>Sapap3</i> and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study (2008)

SAP90/PSD95-associated protein (SAPAP) family proteins are post-synaptic density (PSD) components that interact with other proteins to form a key scaffolding complex at excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses. A recent study found that mice with a deletion of the Sapap3 gene groomed themselves excessively, exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors, and had cortico-striatal synaptic defects, all of which were preventable with lentiviral-mediated expression of Sapap3 in the striatum; the behavioral abnormalities were also reversible with fluoxetine. In the current study, we sought to determine whether variation within the human Sapap3 gene was associated with grooming disorders (GDs: pathologic nail biting, pathologic skin picking, and/or trichotillomania) and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 383 families thoroughly phenotyped for OCD genetic studies. We conducted family-based association analyses using the FBAT and GenAssoc statistical packages. Thirty-two percent of the 1,618 participants met criteria for a GD, and 65% met criteria for OCD. Four of six SNPs were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with at least one GD (genotypic relative risks: 1.6-3.3), and all three haplotypes were nominally associated with at least one GD (permuted P < 0.05). None of the SNPs or haplotypes were significantly associated with OCD itself. We conclude that Sapap3 is a promising functional candidate gene for human GDs, though further work is necessary to confirm this preliminary evidence of association.
Automatic Committed Belief Tagging (2010)

We go beyond simple propositional meaning extraction and present experiments in determining which propositions in text the author believes. We show that deep syntactic parsing helps for this task. Our best feature combination achieves an F-measure of 64%, a relative reduction in F-measure error of 21 % over not using syntactic features. 1
Studies on Anaerobic Culture Methods (1968)

In the steel wool method, the better results were obtained by the addition of CO2 gas.Concerning the volume of CO2 gas, when 10, 50, 80, 98% of jar volume were added, the results were nearly equal, and even though the volume was over 10%, the results did not fall.Moreover if the volume of CO2 gas was equal, the results obtained under the air pressure of -600mmHg or more were better than those obtained under the air pressure of -130mmHg or -380mmHg.So from the viewpoint of the growth degree, the most effective results would be obtained by the following method which is combined with the report of Azuma et al. (1962, in this journal).To 500ml of 1.2% CuSO4⋅7H2O solution, pH 1.5 adjusted by H2SO4, to which is added 0.4g of tween 80, 10g of steel wool grade 0 are poured and shake well untill the decoloration of CuSO4 solution may occur.Then the steel wool which has been gilded with cupper is quickly transferred to a jar having a 3-liter volume, and the air pressure is quickly reduced to -650mmHg by a vacuum pump and then the CO2 gas is added to a 76 to 650mmHg pressure.
Polyphosphoester‐Based Cationic Nanoparticles Serendipitously Release Integral Biologically‐Active Components to Serve as Novel Degradable Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors (2013)

A degradable polyphosphoester (PPE)-based cationic nanoparticle (cSCK), which is integrated constructed as a novel degradable drug device, demonstrates surprisingly efficient inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcription, and eventually inhibits nitric oxide (NO) over-production, without loading of any specific therapeutic drugs. This system may serve as a promising anti-inflammatory agent toward the treatment of acute lung injury.
Studies of a targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise (STRRIDE) (2001)

Identification that amount and intensity of exercise matter for achieving general and specific health benefits and a better understanding of the peripheral mechanisms mediating the responses in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to chronic physical activity will lead to better informed recommendations for those undertaking an exercise program to improve cardiovascular risk.
Continuous Infusion of Epoprostenol Improves the Net Balance Between Pulmonary Endothelin-1 Clearance and Release in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (1999)

These results suggest that continuous epoprostenol therapy may have a beneficial effect on the balance between endothelin-1 clearance and release in many patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and may provide one explanation for the salutary effect of epoprostenol in this disease.
Guidelines for the Application of Upper-Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for Preventing Transmission of Airborne Contagion—Part II: Design and Operation Guidance (1999)

Installations of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) have been stimulated recently by a sudden rise in the incidence of tuberculosis. Hospitals, jails, and homeless shelters have been the most frequently equipped facilities because they are places where many tuberculosis cases are found, the buildings housing them tend to be old and not suited for economical increases in air exchange rates, and the work staffs have been apprehensive about transmission to themselves and their families. The diversity in structures currently being equipped with UVGI installations, plus the introduction of new designs of lamps and fixtures, have made it clear that an updated review of equipment performance factors and practical installation guidelines will be useful to interested parties. Illustrative examples are given of installations that have been made in a diverse set of facilities. In addition, representative figures are given to compare the cost of HVAC installations and UVGI installations that give an equivalent number of air changes based on equal levels of reduction in airborne microorganisms.
Optical implementation of N-wavelet coding for pattern classification (1994)

A novel method, N-wavelet coding, for pattern detection and classification based on wavelet transform and coding theory is introduced. With this detection and classification technique it is possible to reduce the false-alarm rate while maintaining a constant probability of detection and noise level. A set of periodic continuous waveforms comprising six classes that span a cross-correlation coefficient between 0.68 and 0.99 is used to evaluate the N-wavelet coding technique. It is found that when the length N of the N-wavelet coding is increased it is possible to decrease the false-alarm rate while maintaining a constant probability of detection.
Effect of short‐chain fatty acids and acidification on the phasic and tonic motor activity of the human colon (2013)

Under our experimental conditions, these findings suggest that the stimulation of colonic motor activity induced by carbohydrate fermentation is not explained by the acidification of the colonic contents or the resulting production of SCFAs.
Making Heads or Tails out of Selecting Problem-Solving Strategies (2018)

Department of Psychology
High Level Expression of the NMDAR1 Glutamate Receptor Subunit in Electroporated COS Cells (1996)

The rat N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subunit NR1-1a was transiently expressed in COS cells using the technique of electroporation, which was fivefold more efficient than the calcium phosphate precipitation method of transfection. The glycine site antagonist 5,7-[3H]dichlorokynurenic acid labeled a single high-affinity site (KD = 29.6 +/- 6 nM; Bmax = 19.4 +/- 1.6 pmol/mg of protein) in membranes derived from COS cells electroporated with NR1-1a. In contrast to previous reports using transiently transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, binding of the noncompetitive antagonist (+)-5-[3H]methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5, 10-imine ([3H]MK-801) was not detected in NR1-1a-transfected COS cells. Although immunofluorescent labeling of electroporated COS cells demonstrated that the NR1-1a protein appears to be associated with the cell membrane, neither NMDA nor glutamate effected an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in fura-2-loaded cells, suggesting that homomeric NR1-1a receptors do not act as functional ligand-gated ion channels. Therefore, COS cells appear to differ from Xenopus oocytes with respect to the transient expression of functional homomeric NR1 receptors. Although expression of NR1-1a is sufficient to reconstitute a glycine binding site with wild-type affinity for antagonists in COS cells, recombinant homomeric NR1-1a receptors do not display properties that are characteristic of native NMDA receptors, such as permeability to Ca2+ and channel occupancy by MK-801, when expressed in this mammalian cell line.
Trimethylphosphine–tungsten chemistry: hydrido, silyl, fluoro, hydroxy, and aquo derivatives: crystal structure of [W(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(OH<sub>2</sub>)F]F (1984)

The compounds W(PMe3)4H2X2(X = H, F, SiH3), [W(PMe3)4H2(OH)2]2+[BF4–]2, and [W(PMe3)4H2(OH2)F]F, whose crystal structure has been determined, are described; W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H reacts with ethylene giving inter alia W(η-C4H6)2(PMe3)2.
Breve caracterização sócio ambiental do Alto Uruguai Catarinense. (2011)

Projeto: 06.09.06.001.
Enzymes in the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEnzymes in the Synthesis of GlycoconjugatesRyan M. Schmaltz, Sarah R. Hanson*, and Chi-Huey Wong*View Author Information The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United StatesE-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 7, 4259–4307Publication Date (Web):July 13, 2011Publication History Received8 April 2011Published online13 July 2011Published inissue 13 July 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200113whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200113wreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7163Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Chemical biology,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Failure of the Quasimonochromatic Approximation for Ultrashort Pulse Propagation in a Dispersive, Attenuative Medium (1997)

The dynamical evolution of an ultrashort pulse, whose initial temporal envelope is infinitely smooth with compact support, is considered as it propagates through a temporally dispersive, attenuative medium characterized by two resonance lines. As the propagation distance increases, the accuracy of the popular group velocity description decreases monotonically, whereas the accuracy of the mathematically well-defined asymptotic description and its derivative energy velocity description increase.
The tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 regulates differentiation and apoptosis of individual primary T lymphocytes (2007)

Abstract Although phosphatases are key players of intracellular processes, not much is known about the phosphatase SHP‐2 during T cell differentiation. Here we show that ectopic over‐expression of SHP‐2 in primary T helper cells directly reduced the frequency of individual lymphocytes expressing pro‐inflammatory cytokines after antigen‐specific stimulation by a mechanism impairing activation of protein kinase C. In addition we demonstrate that SHP‐2 mediates enhanced migration upon CXCR4 signaling in a G‐protein‐dependent manner. Most strikingly, SHP‐2 mediated a dramatic increase in apoptosis by highly enhanced activation of caspases. Co‐immunoprecipitations of SHP‐2 and c‐Cbl from primary T helper cells demonstrated that SHP‐2 strongly interacts with the ubiquitin ligase c‐Cbl, indicating that c‐Cbl could mediate the negative signals of SHP‐2. Our results show that SHP‐2 signal transduction regulates central checkpoints of T cell differentiation by the activation of distinct signaling cascades.
Miniaturized Frequency Controllable Band-Stop Filter Using Coupled-Line Stub-Loaded Shorted SIR for Tri-Band Application (2017)

Based on the coupled-line stub-loaded shorted stepped-impedance resonator (CLSLSSIR), a compact microstrip tri-band band-stop filter (TB-BSF) with controllable frequencies, stopband attenuations (SAs), and sharp transition band roll-off skirts has been presented. The proposed CLSLSSIR exhibits multimode resonant behavior and is employed to achieve tristopband application by applying the virtual ground effect at the attaching position. Due to the infinite input impedance effect of CLSLSSIR, as well as the resonance of π-type network combined with two loaded CLSLSSIRs and transmission line, multiple transmission poles can be yielded to obtain high selectivity of transition band. Finally, an example TB-BSF operating at 1.57, 2.4, and 3.5 GHz with respective SAs of 18, 26.5, and 33.2 dB has been designed and fabricated.
When Time is <i>Not</i> Money: Why Americans May Lose Out at the Negotiation Table (2016)

Although previous research has linked hyperbolic discounting, an economic model of impatience, to negative outcomes such as smoking, problem drinking, lowered academic achievement, and ineffective career search decisions, there is little research that addresses how impatience may impact performance at the bargaining table and whether Americans have a disadvantage in negotiations as compared to other cultural groups as a result. Using the subjective line task, we replicate previous research showing that subjective time perceptions underpin hyperbolic discounting (Study 1a, n = 101) and are related to estimations and perceptions of durations in a timed experiment and impatience in recalled negotiations (Study 1b, n = 202). Further, in a study of negotiation (Study 2, n = 132), Americans viewed time as relatively more condensed and achieved lower negotiation outcomes as compared to Lebanese participants, and moreover, subjective time perceptions mediated the relationship between culture and negotiation outcomes. This research has significant consequences for real-world negotiations, as cultural differences in time perception can be used as an exploitable weakness and may hinder negotiation outcomes.
Exciton dissociation and charge trapping at poly(3-hexylthiophene)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction interfaces: Photo-induced threshold voltage shifts in organic field-effect transistors and solar cells (2012)

Photoinduced charge transfer at an electron donor/acceptor interface is one of the most crucial processes in determining the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cell devices. Here, we address exciton dissociation and charge carrier trapping at poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction interfaces electrically using a field effect transistor (FET). With a P3HT/PCBM composite film, we elucidated exciton dissociation and charge carrier recombination assisted by localized electronic states at the P3HT/PCBM interface via photoinduced threshold voltage shift measurements with respect to wavelength using FETs in combination with organic solar cell devices. Interestingly, the combination of light coupled with a significant quantity of PCBM within the film was required to observe ambipolar charge transport in P3HT/PCBM FETs. This phenomenon was addressed by filling of electron traps associated with PCBM under illumination and formation of the conducting pathways for both electrons and holes. A high density of carrier traps at the interface suggested by the FET results was confirmed in light intensity dependent short-circuit current (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) measurements using solar cell devices.
Dilution: A theoretical burden or just load? A reply to Tsal and Benoni (2010). (2010)

Load theory of attention proposes that distractor processing is reduced in tasks with high perceptual load that exhaust attentional capacity within task-relevant processing. In contrast, tasks of low perceptual load leave spare capacity that spills over, resulting in the perception of task-irrelevant, potentially distracting stimuli. Tsal and Benoni (2010) find that distractor response competition effects can be reduced under conditions with a high search set size but low perceptual load (due to a singleton color target). They claim that the usual effect of search set size on distractor processing is not due to attentional load but instead attribute this to lower level visual interference. Here, we propose an account for their findings within load theory. We argue that in tasks of low perceptual load but high set size, an irrelevant distractor competes with the search nontargets for remaining capacity. Thus, distractor processing is reduced under conditions in which the search nontargets receive the spillover of capacity instead of the irrelevant distractor. We report a new experiment testing this prediction. Our new results demonstrate that, when peripheral distractor processing is reduced, it is the search nontargets nearest to the target that are perceived instead. Our findings provide new evidence for the spare capacity spillover hypothesis made by load theory and rule out accounts in terms of lower level visual interference (or mere "dilution") for cases of reduced distractor processing under low load in displays of high set size. We also discuss additional evidence that discounts the viability of Tsal and Benoni's dilution account as an alternative to perceptual load.
Characterization and failure analysis of TSV interconnects: From non-destructive defect localization to material analysis with nanometer resolution (2011)

In this paper different methods and novel tools for nondestructive failure localization and high resolution material analysis in 3D integrated devices will be discussed. The employed methodologies combine non-destructive fault localization with efficient and accurate target preparation to gain access for the following microstructure analysis, forming a subsequent failure analysis workflow. The concepts presented here involve the application of improved Lock-In Thermography (LIT) as well as different innovative concepts of high rate Focused Ion Beam (FIB) techniques and high resolution material characterization utilizing Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with Nanospot Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). In the first part of the paper the potential and the advantages of each of the techniques will be demonstrated with respect to their application for Through Silicon Via (TSV) technologies by means of different case studies. To illustrate the complete workflow of the approach, a failure analysis of a vertically integrated microsystem using a micro-bump technology is described in the second part.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Preparation of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted 1,3,5‐Triselenanes by Treating Aldehydes or Their Acetals with 2,2,4,4,6,6‐Hexamethyl‐1,3,5‐ triselena‐2,4,6‐tristannacyclohexane in the Presence of BF3×OEt2 and AlCl3. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
REPETITIVELY PUMPED OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR AT 2.13 μ (1969)

The operation of an optical parametric oscillator which is directly pumped by the 1.06-μ output of a continuously pumped, repetitively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is described. The oscillator uses a 3-mm lithium niobate crystal in a non−90° orientation as the nonlinear material. 17 mW of average output power at 2 μ have been obtained giving an oscillator conversion efficiency of 8%. Measurements are also reported of pump power threshold, pump depletion, and wavelength tuning of the oscillator. No optically induced index inhomogeneities were observed in the lithium niobate.