gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic manipulation of vein grafts (1997)

A greater understanding of the molecular and genetic bases of cardiovascular diseases has made the design of therapeutic genetic interventions feasible in these clinical entities. Bypass vein graft failure represents a serious limitation in the long-term treatment of occlusive disease in the coronary and peripheral circulations, and traditional pharmacotherapeutic approaches have not significantly affected the course of vein graft disease. Direct access to vein graft tissue at the time of operation may provide a practical means of manipulating graft function at the genetic level, and an intraoperative genetic engineering strategy has, in fact, been developed that inhibits the neointimal hyperplasia and accelerated atherosclerosis that are at the root of most graft failures. The molecular basis for this approach is explored, as is the potential for other genetic vein graft manipulations.
A simplified procedure for the preparation of MHC/peptide tetramers: chemical biotinylation of an unpaired cysteine engineered at the C-terminus of MHC-I (2000)

Recently, a powerful approach for the detection of MHC/peptide-specific T cells has been made possible by the engineering of soluble-tetrameric MHC/peptide complexes, consisting of singly biotinylated MHC/peptide molecules bound to fluorescent-labeled streptavidin. These tetrameric molecules are thought to compensate for the low affinity and relative fast dissociation rate of the TCR/MHC-peptide interaction by increasing the avidity of this interaction, thus allowing the stable binding of MHC/peptide tetramers to TCR expressing cells. Here we describe a new more simplified procedure for obtaining MHC/peptide tetramers using the well-characterized H-2K(b)/VSV system. This procedure consists of the incorporation of an unpaired cysteine residue at the C-terminus of the H-2K(b) molecule, allowing site-specific biotinylation by a -SH-specific biotinylating reagent. The H-2K(b)/VSV tetramers bound only to hybridomas expressing H-2K(b)/VSV-specific TCRs. When coated on a plate, these tetramers were able to induce IL-2 release by those hybridomas. Furthermore, H-2K(b)/VSV tetramers bound to CTL populations obtained from mice immunized with VSV-peptide. The specificity of the binding was further refined by studying cross-recognition of VSV by CTL populations obtained from mice immunized with single amino acid substituted VSV peptide variants. H-2K(b)/VSV tetramers bound only to those CTL populations that cross-reacted with the wild-type VSV peptide. Our method provides a simple, efficient and inexpensive procedure for making MHC/peptide tetramers, a highly specific and very useful reagent with a number of important applications in basic and clinical T cell research.
Cytoplasmic lipid bodies in eosinophils: Central roles in eicosanoid generation (1997)

Lipid bodies are non-membrane bound, lipid-rich cytoplasmic inclusions that form in diverse cell types. Characteristically, lipid body numbers increase when eosinophils and other leukocytes are participating in inflammatory processes. Moreover, lipid bodies are numerous in other sites active in eicosanoid formation, such as the amnion epithelium at parturition. Our interests in lipid bodies relate to the roles that these structures play in arachidonate metabolism by eosinophils and other leukocytes involved in inflammation. Findings indicate that lipid bodies in these leukocytes can function as intracellular domains that are both depots of esterified arachidonate and sites at which regulated enzymatic events relevant to arachidonate metabolism can occur. Lipid bodies are discrete intracellular structures whose formation is specifically inducible early, whose increased numbers correlate with the 'priming' responses of leukocytes to form enhanced amounts of both cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids and whose inhibition of formation correlates with reduced synthesis of these eicosanoids. Inhibition of lipid body formation represents a novel pharmacologic target to block the formation of eicosanoid mediators of inflammation.
A point mutation in the RDS-peripherin gene in a Spanish family with central areolar choroidal dystrophy (1995)

The RDS-peripherin gene encodes a photoreceptor-specific protein that is localized in the outer segment disc membranes of both rods and cones. We screened a Spanish family with central areolar choroidal dystrophy for mutations in candidate genes. A base substitution was identified in the RDS-peripherin gene of one patient and DNA sequencing revealed a C-to-T transition in codon 172, arginine being substituted by tryptophan. The mutation was also detected in two asymptomatic family members who showed irregular pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The phenotype is similar to other macular dystrophies caused by mutation in the RDS-peripherin gene.
Memristor as an archetype of dynamic data-driven systems and applications to sensor networks (2011)

Since its introduction a decade ago, DDDAS has been applied to a wide range of science and technology fields, with specific focus of areas requiring fast and reliable processing of massive data streams from diverse resources. It is crucial to explore architectures and systems which are naturally suited to the DDDAS framework. In this paper, we show that the memristor – the fourth fundamental two-terminal passive circuit element alongside the well-known resistor, capacitor, and inductor – affords the efficient implementation of the working principles of DDDAS. Hence memristors can be considered as an archetype of DDDAS nanoscale hardware embodiment, being the smallest and most basic dynamic data driven application system. Memristors are electrical components with inherent memory processes; they have been predicted about four decade ago and have been physically implemented recently. We discuss the role that DDDAS may play in the development of computing platforms and sensor networks based on memristors in the next few years.
Dimension-5<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math>-odd operators: QCD mixing and renormalization (2015)

We study the off-shell mixing and renormalization of flavor-diagonal dimension-five $T$- and $P$-odd operators involving quarks, gluons, and photons, including quark electric dipole and chromoelectric dipole operators. We present the renormalization matrix to one loop in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme. We also provide a definition of the quark chromoelectric dipole operator in a regularization-independent momentum-subtraction scheme suitable for nonperturbative lattice calculations and present the matching coefficients with the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme to one loop in perturbation theory, using both the na\"{\i}ve dimensional regularization and 't Hooft--Veltman prescriptions for ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$.
Local Approach to Dynamic Fracture Toughness Evaluation (2000)

Fracture toughness properties of structural steels of 490-MPa strength class and weld metals under dynamic loading are studied in the light of the near crack tip stress fields. The loading rate in toughness tests range from 0.1 to 500 mm/s. The near-tip stress fields are analyzed by 3D-FEM considering the strain rate effect on the flow properties of materials. Temperature rise caused by high-speed plastic deformation is also included in the FE analysis. The critical CTOD at brittle fracture initiation decreases when increasing the loading rate. This is due to the elevation of a local stress near the crack tip. The local approach is applied to the dynamic fracture toughness evaluation. It is shown that the brittle fracture resistance evaluated in terms of the Weibull stress, an integrated stress over a highly stressed region near the crack tip, is a material property independent of the loading rate. Based on the Weibull stress fracture criterion, the dynamic fracture toughness can be predicted from static toughness results. An engineering procedure to estimate the loading rate effect on the fracture toughness is also presented.
A basis for cones (2006)

Why do the human cones have the spectral sensitivities they do? We hypothesize that they may have evolved to their present form because their sensitivities are optimal in terms of their ability to recover the spectrum of incident light. As evidence in favor of this hypothesis, we compare the accuracy with which the incoming spectrum can be approximated by a three-dimensional linear model based on the cone responses and compare this to the optimal approximations defined by models based on principal components analysis, independent component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization and non-negative independent component analysis. We introduce a new method of reconstructing spectra from the cone responses and show that the cones are almost as good as these optimal methods in estimating the spectrum.
The Design and Development of Microstrip Patch Antenna using simulation studies by ADS (2012)

The matching network of a Microstrip Patch Antenna at 10.65 GHz was designed and developed using the software Advanced Design System (ADS). ADS is a powerful software for designing microwave electronic circuits. The Microstrip Patch antenna thus developed was tested at 10m Far Field Antenna Anechoic Chamber and Momentum Simulation studies of the same was carried out using a Network Analyzer that can analyze signals in GHz range.
Molten Salt Electrocatalytical Membrane Cells for Flue Gas Cleaning (2002)

Initial investigations have been performed regarding the possible use of a molten salt membrane cell for removal of nitrogen oxides from flue gases. At a fixed potential of 1.0 V the performance of a two chamber electrochemical test cell shows that NO indeed can be transported through the cell. The most probable electrode processes involve one electron forming NO2− at the cathode which is oxidized to O2 and NO at the anode. Small amounts of nitrite - below around 6 mol% - and temperatures around 300 °C seem to be most appropriate for cell performance. Thus it seems that the presence of NO2− in the electrolyte enhances the electrode process leading to uptake of NO in the melt. The results seem promising for further research regarding development of a prototype membrane cell where NO in flue gases from e.g. electrical powerplants may be seperated and further processed to HNO3 of commercial grade.
SIVsmm infection of macaque and mangabey monkeys: correlation between in vivo and in vitro properties of different isolates. (1990)

Simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabey monkeys (SIVsmm), a lentivirus closely related to SIV from macaques and the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), is pathogenic for various species of macaques but is nonpathogenic for mangabeys. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro responses of macaques and mangabeys or their lymphocytes, respectively, to SIVsmm infection indicated that lack of disease in mangabeys apparently was not due to effective control of virus expression by the immune system because SIVsmm-infected, asymptomatic mangabeys have high viral loads. Failure of mangabeys to develop disease may be related to the fact that the prototype SIVsmm (SMM-9) replicated in, but was not cytopathic for, mangabey CD4+ cells. In contrast, replication of SMM-9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigtailed macaques resulted in specific loss of CD4+ cells and induction of an AIDS-like disease. A variant of SMM-9, designated SMM-PBj14, was identified, however, that was extremely cytopathic for mangabey CD4+ cells and also induced acute lethal disease in both macaques and mangabeys. Acute disease was associated with extensive lymphoid hyperplasia, which was correlated in vitro with induction of proliferation of PBMC in SMM-PBj14-infected cultures. Infectious molecular clones of SMM-PBj14 exhibited the same in vitro and in vivo properties as SMM-PBj14. Future analysis of chimeric viruses may lead to the identification of specific regions of the viral genome that influence the various in vivo and in vitro properties of these SIVsmm isolates.
Activation of a subpopulation of orexin/hypocretin‐containing hypothalamic neurons by GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor‐mediated inhibition of the nucleus accumbens shell, but not by exposure to a novel environment (2004)

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)A receptor stimulation in the nucleus accumbens shell produces intense hyperphagia in rats and increases Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus. To explore the involvement of hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin- or melanin concentrating hormone-immunoreactive neurons in this effect, the GABAA agonist, muscimol (0, 50 ng), was infused directly into the nucleus accumbens shell of rats; 90 min later, their brains were collected and subsequently processed for immunohistochemistry. A group exposed to a novel environment was included to evaluate the specificity of Fos expression changes with regard to general arousal. Alternating sections through the hypothalamus were double-stained for orexin/hypocretin-Fos or melanin concentrating hormone-Fos combinations. Intra-accumbens shell muscimol treatment significantly increased the percentage of orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons expressing Fos in the lateral, but not medial, portion of the perifornical/lateral hypothalamic area. Regardless of treatment condition, greater percentages of orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in the medial portion of the hypothalamus expressed Fos relative to cells located more laterally. None of the manipulations increased Fos expression in melanin concentrating hormone-immunoreactive neurons. Muscimol treatment also markedly increased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus, which connects reciprocally to the lateral/perifornical hypothalamic area. Thus, orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in lateral sectors of the hypothalamus, along with cells in the arcuate nucleus, display phasic increases in Fos expression after an orexigenic pharmacological manipulation of the nucleus accumbens shell, but to a lesser degree after the heightened arousal associated with exposure to a novel environment.
Structure and properties of Cr–C/Ag films deposited by magnetron sputtering (2015)

<p data-select-like-a-boss="1">Cr–C/Ag thin films with 0–14 at.% Ag have been deposited by magnetron sputtering from elemental targets. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their structure and chemical bonding. A complex nanocomposite structure consisting of three phases; nanocrystalline Ag, amorphous CrCx and amorphous carbon is reported. The carbon content in the amorphous carbide phase was determined to be 32–33 at.% C, independent of Ag content. Furthermore, SEM and XPS results showed higher amounts of Ag on the surface compared to the bulk. The hardness and Young's modulus were reduced from 12 to 8 GPa and from 270 to 170 GPa, respectively, with increasing Ag content. The contact resistance was found to decrease with Ag addition, with the most Ag rich sample approaching the values of an Ag reference sample. Initial tribological tests gave friction coefficients in the range of 0.3 to 0.5, with no clear trends. Annealing tests show that the material is stable after annealing at 500 °C for 1 h, but not after annealing at 800 °C for 1 h. In combination, these results suggest that sputtered Cr–C/Ag films could be potentially applicable for electric contact applications.
Modélisation du procédé de meulage sous-marin pour la réfection robotisée de surfaces d'acier (2010)

Les structures immergées des barrages hydroélectriques se déforment et se détériorent au fil du temps. Pour assurer la pérennité des installations, des opérations de maintenance ont lieu. Afin d'assurer la sécurité et la rentabilité de ces réparations, l'Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Québec (IREQ) propose d'en faire le diagnostic et la réfection directement en situation immergée. Une structure modulaire équipée d'un porteur a été développée par l'IREQ et permet d'être utilisée à ces fins. La mesure et l'évaluafion des structures sont d'abord réalisées par une caméra laser installée sur le porteur. Par la suite, il est prévu d'ajouter un robot-meuleur à 2 axes linéaires, sur ce même porteur, pour réparer le seuil d'acier des portes des vannes des barrages (cette partie du projet est en développement à l'IREQ).\n\nCe mémoire présente une approche de modélisation du taux d'enlèvement de matière du procédé de meulage utilisant des meules cylindriques à diamètres variables. Le meulage est un procédé complexe qui est fonction de plusieurs paramètres de contrôle. La littérature scientifique contient un nombre élevé d'articles à ce sujet, mais aucun ne concerne le sujet du meulage sous-marin de précision. L'étude du procédé sous l'eau est par le fait même d'un grand intérêt et essentiel à la planification de la réfection. Un banc d'essai représentant un prototype du porteur modulaire équipé d'un bassin permettant de plonger le robot dans l'eau a été élaboré. Deux instruments de mesure ont été conçus afin de pouvoir mesurer les variables du procédé. Tout d'abord, un palpeur rétractable permet de mesurer les surfaces usinées sous l'eau. Les nuages de points enregistrés par cet appareil sont utilisés pour évaluer le volume de matière enlevé après chaque série de passes. Cet appareil permet de réduire les temps de mesure de plus de dix fois. Par la suite, une plaque assemblée à des cellules de charges capacitives submersibles permet d'installer l'échantillon à meuler et de mesurer les forces normales appliquées par la meule lors de l'usinage.\n\nDes essais expérimentaux ont été effectués à sec et sous l'eau et les résultats ont été comparés. Un modèle de taux d'enlèvement de matière ainsi qu'un modèle de taux d'usure de la meule ont été construits afin de pouvoir planifier la tâche de réfection. Un logiciel équipé d'une interface graphique permet de faciliter les étapes de modélisation, visualisation et prédiction des résultats. Finalement, un algorithme d'optimisation du choix des paramètres du procédé pour la réfection d'un seuil est proposé. Ce module permet d'évaluer les paramètres optimaux du procédé pour minimiser le temps d'usinage en chantier. Une simulation démontre qu'il est possible de réduire de 4 heures le temps d'une réfection, ce qui équivaut à un gain de temps et d'argent de 15%.
Structure Activity Studies on Chemically Modified Homologues of the Antibiotic Phytotoxic Leucinostatin A. (1995)

The synthesis and a conformational study of a number of homologues of the well known antibiotic, phytotoxic leucinostatin A are reported. The circular dichroism of all the compounds are discussed. Some conclusions on the SAR of these compounds are drawn. The influence of the alpha-helical conformation and/or the increased lipophile character on their interesting biological activities is emphasized.
N-dimensional perfect pipelining (1992)

Introduces a technique to parallelize nested loops at the fine grain level. It is a generalization of perfect pipelining which was developed to parallelize a single-nested loop at the fine grain level. The authors explain their method, contrast it with other techniques, show the effect of their technique on some real examples, and briefly discuss an architecture best suited for exploiting this parallelism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electro-optic effect in proton exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ waveguides (1996)

Electro-optic properties of proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide layers in LiTaO/sub 3/ and LiNbO/sub 3/ are studied and related to their optical characteristics. The proton-exchange process induces a degradation of the electro-optic activity in both types of waveguides, PE LiNbO/sub 3/ and PE LiTaO/sub 3/. The measured electro-optic effect is close to the detection sensitivity even when the exchange regime is performed at low temperatures for short periods of time. The PE samples have been annealed (APE waveguides) and the changes of their r/sub 33/ electro-optic coefficient has been followed at successively higher temperatures and periods of time. Subjected to annealing at temperatures between 265-420/spl deg/C, the LiTaO/sub 3/ layers show a partially recovered r/sub 33/ coefficient, the recovering being different for quick and slow cooling of the samples. In thin APE LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguiding layers a restoration of r/sub 33/ up to 75% of the bulk value is observed due to the annealing at temperatures between 200-340/spl deg/C.
Monocytes and γδ T cells control the acute-phase response to intravenous zoledronate: Insights from a phase IV safety trial (2012)

Aminobisphosphonates (NBPs) are used widely against excessive bone resorption in osteoporosis and Paget's disease as well as in metastatic bone disease and multiple myeloma. Intravenous NBP administration often causes mild to severe acute-phase responses (APRs) that may require intervention with analgesics and antipyretics and lead to treatment noncompliance and nonadherence. We here undertook a phase IV safety trial in patients with osteoporosis to investigate the APR of otherwise healthy individuals to first-time intravenous treatment with the NBP zoledronate. This study provides unique insight into sterile acute inflammatory responses in vivo, in the absence of confounding factors such as infection or cancer. Our data show that both peripheral γδ T cells and monocytes become rapidly activated after treatment with zoledronate, which ultimately determines the clinical severity of the APR. Our study highlights a key role for IFN-γ in the zoledronate-induced APR and identifies pretreatment levels of monocytes and central/memory Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells as well as their responsiveness to zoledronate in vitro as predictive risk factors for the occurrence of subclinical and clinical symptoms. These findings have diagnostic and prognostic implications for patients with and without malignancy and are relevant for Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cell-based immunotherapy approaches.
Use of a<i>lacZ</i>fusion to study transcriptional regulation of the<i>Rhodobacter capsulatus hemA</i>gene (1991)

An EcoRI fragment containing the Rhodobacter capsulatus hemA promoter has been cloned into a lacZ translational fusion vector. The resulting plasmid produced a hemA-lacZ fusion protein with a molecular mass of 147,000. Expression of the hemA-lacZ fusion, as measured by production of beta-galactosidase, was regulated 2- to 3-fold by oxygen tension. The unexpectedly small change in beta-galactosidase levels suggests that transcriptional regulation of the hemA gene is not the major factor in oxygen-mediated control of porphyrin synthesis.