gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Trans</i> ‐sialidase: a unique enzyme activity discovered in the protozoan <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (1993)

Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, an ailment characterized by a progressive chronic fibrotic myocarditis and degeneration of tissues that are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, is a voracious sialic acid eater from glycoconjugates of the surrounding medium. This is accomplished through an active trans-sialidase residing on the surface membrane of the trypomastigote stage, which is the parasite form that invades vertebrate cells. The existence of the enzyme was proposed and established only 7 years ago and yet a flood of information on the subject is already available. Trans-sialidase is able to reversibly transfer sialic acid alpha(2-->3)-linked to an external Gal beta from the host cell surface sialoglycoconjugates to a terminal Gal beta of an appropriate acceptor on the parasite surface. In the absence of an acceptor, the enzyme acts as a hydrolase transferring sialic acid to water. Trans-sialidase belongs to a highly heterogeneous gene family of surface molecules sharing with each other and with bacterial neuraminidases variable degrees of nucleotide sequence homology and common motifs. It has been proposed that sialylation of the parasite surface catalyzed by trans-sialidase is necessary for successful invasion of the host cell, but the evidence available is still indirect. Another function could be a protection from lysis by the alternative pathway of complement while the parasite is circulating in the acute phase of the disease.
Skin-friction drag reduction in a channel flow with streamwise-aligned plasma actuators (2017)

Direct Numerical Simulations in a turbulent channel flow at a moderate Reynolds number are performed in order to investigate the potential of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuators for the reduction of the skin-friction drag. The idea is to use a sparse array of streamwise-aligned plasma actuators to produce near-wall spanwise-orientated jets in order to destroy the events which transport high-speed fluid towards the wall. It is shown that it is possible to reduce the drag by about 33.5% when the streamwise-aligned actuators are configured to generate appropriate spanwise-orientated jets very close to the wall so that the sweeps which are mainly responsible for the skin-friction are destroyed. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve significant drag reduction with a sparse array of streamwise-aligned plasma actuators, with one order of magnitude less actuators than previous experiments in a similar set-up.
Vitreous and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet‐derived growth factor and their correlation in patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macula oedema (2009)

It appears that in addition to VEGF, almost all PDGF isoforms in the vitreous are also correlated with NPDR and CSMO.
Bearings-Only Localization with NLOS Reflected AoAs. (2013)

Bearings-only localization with light-of-sight (LOS) propagation is well understood. This paper concentrates on bearings-only localization with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) measurements, where target images arrive at a network of sensors each after a single specular reflection. The reflecting surface can be 1) flat or 2) circular (inner side of a circle), and is assumed known. In this paper, we derive the least squares (LS), Stansfield, and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators for both cases. As to the former, their estimation performances are similar to their counterparts in LOS localization: Stansfield is very close to ML, and both are usually significantly better than LS. As regards the second, since the target-sensor geometry has multiple possibilities, the ML solution is extremely intricate. However, if a concentric opaque circle (such as the earth) lies within the reflecting one, e.g. the earth within the ionospheric layer, the propagation path becomes unique; a grid search based ML is available for such a circumstance. ML is computationally intensive for a circularly reflecting surface; two suboptimal algorithms, LS and Stansfield, are developed based on small angle approximation. These algorithms perform differently from those for the flat case: ML significantly outperforms LS and Stansfield, especially for a large observation error; however, Stansfield is not necessarily better than LS. Manuscript received November 7, 2011; revised July 19, 2012; released for publication December 12, 2012. Refereeing of this contribution was handled by Huimin Chen.
Design and Implementation of Simulation System for Signalized Intersection with Tram Priority (2015)

In this article, we analyzed the characteristic of the intersection with prior tram and designed a system for simulating the behavior of the cars and trams when different control strategies of the traffic lights are imposed. The whole implementation system is based on Visual C++ and OpenGL and the details of the architecture were elaborated. The experiment results showed the proposed system is configurable for different numbers of lanes, arrival rates for cars and trams, and signal control strategies, meaning that our system can simulate the behavior of cars and trams at various intersections, achieving the target we had expected.
Optimization of DNA isolation process and enhancement of RAPD PCR for low quality genomic DNA of Terminalia arjuna (2013)

Owing to the presence of higher amount of polyphenolic and polysaccharide compounds, Terminalia arjuna (Roxburgh) is a significant medicinal plant in the Indian primeval medicine system. Polyphenolic and polysaccharide compounds also acts as inhibitors during Genomic DNA isolation from young leaves of T. arjuna, resulting in recovery of low quality genomic DNA, which affects downstream applications like PCR, restriction digestion’s, etc. In this study, nine different methods of genomic DNA isolation were used, out of which two methods were modified CTAB based methods, third one was HEPES based method and remaining six methods was FTA Plant Saver Card based. Out of the six FTA card based methods, in the first method, leaves were directly pressed inside the circle of FTA card. In the second and third methods, the leaves were homogenized with PBS and DNase RNase free water and the sample was applied on the FTA card. In the fourth and fifth methods: finally recovered DNA from two modified CTAB based methods was directly applied to the FTA card. In the sixth method, DNA precipitated after first phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol precipitation of modified CTAB based methods dissolved in DNase RNase free water and applied to FTA Card. To optimize the PCR conditions, BSA (400 ng/μl), formamide (2.5%), DMSO (5% and 10%) and glycerol (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) was added into the PCR mix as enhancement agents for amplification of low quality genomic DNA (A260/A280 – 1.27 ± 0.090) of T. arjuna recovered using the HEPES Based method. It was found that the BSA was the best among them followed by 10% glycerol. In addition of BSA to the PCR mixture, it specifically enhances the amplification of the low quality DNA. It reduces the noise in-between the amplified bands and increases the intensity of PCR product.
Airborne digital imaging technology: a new overview (2007)

Abstract This paper presents an overview of current developments in the airborne digital imaging technologies—including both digital frame cameras and pushbroom line scanners—and analyses them in the context of their applications to digital photogrammetry.
Prevalence and impact of disabling chronic conditions in childhood. (1998)

Childhood disability has profound impacts on children, the education system, and the health care system.
통신서비스 재판매의 경쟁 효과 (2008)

본 논문은 통신 재판매의 활성화가 소매 경쟁에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인지에 대하여 논의한다. 통상적으로 재판매가 도입되면 소매 사업자의 수가 증가하여 경쟁이 활성화되고 소매가격이 낮아질 것으로 기대하지만, 본 논문은 망사업자 (Network Operator)가 도매가격을 통제하고 있다면 오히려 재판매의 도입으로 소매경쟁이 약화되고 요금이 높아질 수 있음을 보여준다. 망사업자의 입장에서, 재판매는 다른 망사업자의 시장에 침투하는 전략적 수단이 될 수 있으나, 다른 한편, 망사업자 자신에게도 경쟁압력을 행사한다. 따라서 후자의 효과를 약화시키기 위하여 망사업자는 도매가격을 높이고 결과적으로 소매경쟁은 재판매가 없는 경우보다 더 약화될 수 있다. 재판매의 도입은 규제가 없는 상황에서 사회적으로 과도할 수도 과소할 수도 있으며, 재판매 의무화 및 도매가격규제의 도입은 재판매의 과도한 진입을 유발할 수도 있다.
예술작품에 대한 감상자의 체화된 공감 느낌 연구 : 예술작품에 재현된 행동을 중심으로 (2020)

프리드버그와 갤리스는 예술작품을 감상할 때 감상자가 작품에 재현된 내용에 대해 체화된 공감 느낌을 갖게 된다고 주장하였다. 예술작품에 묘사된 행동을 본 감상자들의 뇌에서 묘사된 행동에 대한 체화된 시뮬레이션이 일어나고, 이 체화된 시뮬레이션 반응이 또한 그 신체 상태에 상응하는 감정까지 일으켜 예술작품에 공감하게 되는 체화된 공감 느낌이 일어난다는 것이다. 이러한 설명은 거울뉴런의 발견 및 체화된 시뮬레이션 이론에 기초해 저자들의 견해를 밝힌 것으로 실험 연구로 뒷받침 되지 못한 한계가 있었다. 그렇기 때문에 예술작품 감상에서 체화된 공감 느낌이 일어난다는 것을 제안할 수는 있었지만, 어떻게 체화된 공감느낌이 일어나는지를 설명하진 못하였다.
본 연구는 프리드버그와 갤리스가 주장한 체화된 공감 느낌의 신경처리과정을 탐구하였다. 먼저, 배타글리아와 동료들의 실험 연구를 통해 예술작품을 감상하는 감상자의 뇌에서 운동 반응이 일어난다는 것을 알게 되었다. 이는 감상자에게서 작품에 묘사된 행동에 대한 체화된 시뮬레이션이 일어난다는 프리드버그와 갤리스의 주장을 뒷받침해준다. 다음으로 모방-신체 고리 메커니즘으로 공감을 정의한 다마지오의 설명을 통해 공감이란 주체의 뇌에서 일어난 체화된 시뮬레이션이 만든 거짓 신체 상태에 대한 지각이라는 것을 알게 되었다. 그리고 이아코보니 및 카와동료들의 실험 연구를 통해 체화된 시뮬레이션이 일어남과 동시에 섬이랑과 변연계로 신경신호가 전달되어 체화된 시뮬레이션에 상응하는 느낌 또한 발생한다는 것을 알게 되었다. 이를 통해 예술작품을 감상하는 감상자에게도 체화된 시뮬레이션 및 섬이랑을 통한 변연계로의 신경신호 전달이 일어나 예술작품에 공감하게 된다는 것을 예측할 수 있었다.
Plasma protein binding of fluoroquinolones affects antimicrobial activity (2008)

For fluoroquinolones, standard media might be insufficient to investigate the impact of PB on bacterial killing. MHB containing 12% albumin seems to be a promising medium in this context. For moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin, PB leads to significant reduction of antimicrobial activity.
Deep Speech Inpainting of Time-Frequency Masks (2020)

Transient loud intrusions, often occurring in noisy environments, can completely overpower speech signal and lead to an inevitable loss of information. While existing algorithms for noise suppression can yield impressive results, their efficacy remains limited for very low signal-to-noise ratios or when parts of the signal are missing. To address these limitations, here we propose an end-to-end framework for speech inpainting, the context-based retrieval of missing or severely distorted parts of time-frequency representation of speech. The framework is based on a convolutional U-Net trained via deep feature losses, obtained using speechVGG, a deep speech feature extractor pre-trained on an auxiliary word classification task. Our evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed framework can recover large portions of missing or distorted time-frequency representation of speech, up to 400 ms and 3.2 kHz in bandwidth. In particular, our approach provided a substantial increase in STOI & PESQ objective metrics of the initially corrupted speech samples. Notably, using deep feature losses to train the framework led to the best results, as compared to conventional approaches.
Effect of relative humidity on lubricant performance (1993)

The effect of relative humidity on the friction and wear of thin-film media with different lubricants has been studied. The presence of physically adsorbed water vapor at elevated humidity increased the take-off velocity leading to more head/disk interacting. In addition, chemical interactions between water vapor and lubricant with diol (-OH) end groups were seen at humidities above 65%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monitoring changes in system variables due to islanding condition and those due to disturbances at the utilities' network (1999)

The continuous growth in embedded generation (EG) has emphasised the importance of being able to reliably detect loss of mains (LOM) especially when the EG is 'islanded' with part of the utility network. Current methods of detection have not proved completely dependable, particularly when the 'islanded' load's capacity matches that of the EG. This paper is the result of an investigation, using the Alternative Transients Program (ATP), into new methods of detecting LOM. To determine which system variables can be reliably used to detect LOM, it is necessary to accurately monitor all the relevant signals at the LOM relay location. This requires that the simulation realistically detects all the changes in system variables caused by disturbances on the network. In some cases, the results can vary markedly, depending on such factors as measurement technique and sampling rate. These problems can cause numerical instability leading to errors. The paper discusses these issues and the results obtained from ATP.
Efficiency and stability in a strategic model of hedonic coalitions (2011)

This paper analyzes the partitioning of a society into coalitions in a setting where heterogeneous players produce private and club goods. Their preferences are hedonic and are represented by a utility function with two arguments, namely their consumptions of these two goods. The focus is on the compatibility of overall societal welfare with individual incentives to move the coalition or accept new coalition mates under alternative utility specifications and agents' productivities.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS DURING TYPEWRITING (1958)

By recording electrical impulses from muscles during movements, it is possible to find the number of muscles taking part in the movement and when they are in activity and to estimate the force of contraction. The different factors which influence typewriting can therefore be studied by electromyography. From these experiments it would appear that the most important factor is thorough practice on the typewriter. The person tested must also use favourable equipment (e.g. chair and table) and a satisfactory working position. The environment must be well lighted, not too cold, nor too noisy. The typist must use the highest preferred working speed, and take a short rest when tired.
Bit-level stopping of turbo decoding (2006)

With iterative turbo decoding, the reliability of each bit in a frame converges at a different speed, i.e. some bits converge faster than others. This motivates us to propose a bit-level stopping scheme that prevents unnecessary iterations for those bits having already reached a satisfactory degree of reliability. Simulation results show that the proposed bit-level stopping can reduce up to 1/2 iteration when compared to the conventional frame-level stopping criteria while achieving the same bit error rate.
Early cleavage is a valuable addition to existing embryo selection parameters: a study using single embryo transfers (2004)

In order to improve the selection of the embryo with the highest implantation potential, selection for transfer should not be based on cell number and morphology on the day of transfer alone, but also on early cleavage status.
[Study on syndrome pattern in insulin resistant model rats]. (2001)

The combined Syndrome of phlegm turbidity, blood stasis and internal toxin is the Syndrome-pattern in insulin resistant model rat. This observation provides theoretic basis for clinical and experimental studies of TCM.
Ammonia selective catalytic reduction of NO over Fe/Cu-SSZ-13 (2014)

Bimetallic catalyst Fe/Cu-SSZ-13 was synthesized by iron exchanged Cu-SSZ-13 based on a one-pot hydrothermal method. It has showed excellent deNO<sub>x</sub> performance compared with Cu-SSZ-13. The synergistic effects between Fe and Cu species have been investigated by a series of characterization methods.
Electrostatic suspension system with sliding mode control (1992)

Two aspects must be considered in selecting the preload of electrostatic suspension system (ESS) for the electrostatic gyroscope (ESG), both the required load capacity and the tolerable electrical disturbing torques exerted on the rotor. By means of sliding mode control (SMC), ESS may operate in three modes: (1) two-sided linear suspension (2) single-sided nonlinear suspension, and (3) single-sided suspension with nonlinearity compensation. Therefore a low preload can be selected for reducing both the electrical disturbing torques and the power consumption, meanwhile ensuring the required load capacity. It has been proven by experiments that the ESS with 2 g preload can bear overload acceleration up to 6 g successfully.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spatial Changes of Pilgrimage Centers in Pilgrimage Studies – Review and Contribution to Future Research (2020)

ilgrimages and pilgrimage centres are a subject of research often undertaken from the perspective of geographic sciences. Geographical research on pilgrimage movement and sanctuaries is important due to its focus on the spatial aspect. This article analyses the current state of research on pilgrimage centres. The main trends of the current studies include: the phenomenon of pilgrimage in terms of religion, society, culture and tourism; as well as its impact, including on the development of the settlement and; studies of pilgrimage centres, in particular their impact on space in various spatial and temporal scales, as well as; the conclusions drawn from them. These were all examined and discussed. For the first time, special attention was paid both to the research on the sanctuaries of the Roman Catholic church, their spatial organization and the changes taking place in them, and on the works discussing the managing of pilgrimage centres. In addition, the terminology applied to contemporary sacred places was discussed. In the conclusion, gaps in the existing state of knowledge and research questions that still await an answer, as well as directions set for the future research on pilgrimage centres from the perspective of tourism geography and the geography of religion are indicated.
Dual energy CT with one full scan and a second sparse-view scan using structure preserving iterative reconstruction (SPIR) (2016)

Conventional dual-energy CT (DECT) reconstruction requires two full-size projection datasets with two different energy spectra. In this study, we propose an iterative algorithm to enable a new data acquisition scheme which requires one full scan and a second sparse-view scan for potential reduction in imaging dose and engineering cost of DECT. A bilateral filter is calculated as a similarity matrix from the first full-scan CT image to quantify the similarity between any two pixels, which is assumed unchanged on a second CT image since DECT scans are performed on the same object. The second CT image from reduced projections is reconstructed by an iterative algorithm which updates the image by minimizing the total variation of the difference between the image and its filtered image by the similarity matrix under data fidelity constraint. As the redundant structural information of the two CT images is contained in the similarity matrix for CT reconstruction, we refer to the algorithm as structure preserving iterative reconstruction (SPIR). The proposed method is evaluated on both digital and physical phantoms, and is compared with the filtered-backprojection (FBP) method, the conventional total-variation-regularization-based algorithm (TVR) and prior-image-constrained-compressed-sensing (PICCS). SPIR with a second 10-view scan reduces the image noise STD by a factor of one order of magnitude with same spatial resolution as full-view FBP image. SPIR substantially improves over TVR on the reconstruction accuracy of a 10-view scan by decreasing the reconstruction error from 6.18% to 1.33%, and outperforms TVR at 50 and 20-view scans on spatial resolution with a higher frequency at the modulation transfer function value of 10% by an average factor of 4. Compared with the 20-view scan PICCS result, the SPIR image has 7 times lower noise STD with similar spatial resolution. The electron density map obtained from the SPIR-based DECT images with a second 10-view scan has an average error of less than 1%.
All-optical signal gating in cascaded long-period fiber gratings (2000)

An all-optical signal gating has been demonstrated in cascaded long-period fiber gratings using cross-phase modulation by means of Q-switched pump wave packets. The obtained cascaded twin long-period fiber gratings showed an extremely narrow band of rejection of 0.5-nm bandwidth. Using this narrowband rejection filter, all-optical switching efficiency in long-period fiber grating devices could be enhanced so that they can be operated with relatively low pump intensities. Approximately a 20% modulation depth of a signal wave at 1565 nm was obtained with a pump intensity of 1 GW/cm/sup 2/ at 1064 nm. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical expectations by the discretized coupled-mode theory, which was previously proposed for the nonlinear long-period fiber grating analysis.
Characterization of a neural network-based trajectory recognition optical sensor for an automated guided vehicle (2002)

Characterization of a relatively simple optical sensor system used for recognition of the desired fixed trajectory for an automated guided vehicle, painted on an industrial shop floor, is described. The optical sensor consists of 14 IR emitter-detector pairs arranged in two columns and is fixed underneath the vehicle chassis. A microcomputer-based test platform for evaluation of the proposed sensor is also described. The sensor performance is evaluated using geometrical algorithms and one based on neural networks, the latter giving much better results.
The role of oxysterols in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis (1983)

Conference Article| December 01 1983 The role of oxysterols in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis GEOFFREY F. GIBBONS GEOFFREY F. GIBBONS 1Medical Research Council Lipid Metabolism Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1983) 11 (6): 649–651. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110649 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GEOFFREY F. GIBBONS; The role of oxysterols in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1983; 11 (6): 649–651. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110649 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, LDL, low-density lipoprotein This content is only available as a PDF. © 1983 Biochemical Society1983 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Harmful Use and the Takings Clause in the Eye of the Beholder: Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1993)

Whichever of these two possibilities prevails, both possibilities require the courts to perform essentially legislative functions regardless, in other words, of whether public ecological resources receive insufficient or ample protection from private enterprise that wants to consume them. The traditional Takings Clause precedents, on the other hand, would give public ecological resources and private property ample protection with minimum judicial oversight. The traditional position seems preferable for this reason.