gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of x-ray microscopy and micro-XANES analysis for investigations of the cellular uptake and cellular metabolism of transition metals. (2002)

Micro-SRIXE (synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray emission) and micro-XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy) were used to probe the uptake of exogenous metals by cells. The high flux and the sub-micron resolution of the hard X-ray microprobe, offer the experimenter the ability to obtain highly sensitive spatial and structural information of cellular elements. In this work the uptake of carcinogenic Cr(VI) was compared with that of a relatively non-toxic Cr(III) complex by micro-SRIXE mapping of whole cells. High intracellular Cr concentrations were observed in Cr(VI)-treated cells, while no significant Cr uptake was observed for Cr(III)-treated cells, as is consistent with uptake studies performed by other techniques. Micro-XANES analysis of Cr(V)- and Cr(VI)-treated cells showed that the predominant oxidation product following cellular metabolism was Cr(III). As shown by X-ray microscopic analysis of thin-sectioned cells, however, the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) did not occur at a fast enough rate to exclude Cr entry into the cell nucleus.
Use of genetic variants in immune response genes to predict clinical outcome in mCRC patients treated with cetuximab-based therapy. (2013)

3567 Background: Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the EGF receptor. One of its anti-tumor mechanisms is the stimulation of the immune system via ADCC (Antibody-Dependent-Cell mediated Cytotoxicity). Immune response through T-cell activation may also play a role in antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy. CTLA4, PDL1, IDO1 and CD24 are inhibitory co-receptors or ligands that may downregulate the immune system through suppression of T-cell response. We tested whether Germline polymorphisms in these genes are involved in the cetuximab dependent immune response pathway and thus predict outcome in mCRC patients treated with cetuximab. Methods: DNA was isolated from blood of 108 patients with mCRC treated with either irinotecan+cetuximab (n=73) or single agent cetuximab (n=35). Twelve prospectively functionally relevant SNPs; IDO1(rs9657182, rs3739319, rs1010866), PD1(rs2227981, rs7421861), PDL1(rs2297137, rs2297136, rs10122089, G>C), CTLA4(rs231777, rs231775), and CD24(rs8734) were analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing and evaluated for association with tumor response, overall survival (OS), and progression free survival (PFS). Results: Results are attached. There were 65 men and 43 women with a median PFS of 3.7 (95%CI: 2.8, 4.6) months and a median OS of 10.5 (95%CI:7.7, 13.3) months. Median follow up was 16.3 (range:1.2, 42.4) months. Conclusions: Our results show that immune response related SNPs may predict efficacy of cetuximab treatment in patients with mCRC. To the best of our knowledge this is the first data linking PDL1(rs2297137) to cetuximab efficacy in mCRC patients. [Table: see text]
Transimpedance bandwidth performance of an HBT loss-compensatedcoplanar waveguide distributed amplifier (1996)

The authors report the results of a coplanar waveguide loss-compensated GaAs HBT distributed amplifier which achieves 48 dBΩ (251 Ω) with an upper bandwidth response of 19.3 GHz while consuming only 75 mW of DC power. The corresponding gain is 8.2 dB with a 19.5 GHz upper frequency band edge. When biased for maximum gain-bandwidth product, the amplifier dissipates 117 mW of DC power and achieves 14.5 dB gain with a 16.5 GHz bandwidth, and a corresponding transimpedance of 55 dBΩ (562 Ω) with a 14.4 GHz bandwidth. The resulting transimpedance-bandwidth product is 8.1 THzΩ which is about a factor of 2 greater than previously reported conventional HBT-based direct-coupled topologies when normalised to HBT device cut-off frequency, fT. These results suggest that the HBT-based distributed amplifier approach has performance advantages for high data rate (≥ 20 Gbit/s) optical communication systems.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Parastomal Hernia in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Conduit Diversion (2013)

We demonstrated that parastomal hernia will develop in nearly a third of patients after radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion. Prior laparotomy and severe obesity are independent risk factors. Preoperative counseling and preventative measures regarding parastomal hernia formation should be emphasized, particularly in these at risk patients.
Current Status of Ti PM: Progress, Opportunities and Challenges (2012)

Utilization of titanium components made by powder metallurgy methods has had limited acceptance largely due to the high cost of titanium (Ti) powder. There has been renewed interest in lower cost economical powders and several Ti reduction methods that produce a particulate product show promise. This talk summarizes work done at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to consolidate these economical powders into mill products. Press and sinter consolidation, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and direct roll consolidation to make sheet have been explored. The characteristics of the consolidated products will be described as a function of the consolidation parameters.
Anticoagulant response after dalteparin overdose (2010)

factor VIIa in factor VII deﬁcient patients. Br J Haematol 2004; 125:494–9.7 Konkle BA, Ebbesen LS, Erhardtsen E, Bianco RP, Lissitchkov T,Rusen L, Serban MA. Randomized, prospective clinical trial ofrecombinant factor VIIa for secondary prophylaxis in hemophiliapatients with inhibitors. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 1904–13.8 Gopalakrishnan R, Hedner U, Ghosh S, Nayak R, Allen TC,Pendurthi UR, Rao LV. Bio-distribution of pharmacologicallyadministered rFVIIa. JThrombHaemost2010; 8: 301–10.9 Hoﬀman M, Colina CM, McDona ld AG, Arepally GM, PedersenL, Monroe DM. Tissue factor around dermal vessels has boundfactor VII in the absence of injury. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:1403–8.10 Morrissey JH, Macik BG, Neuenschwander PF, Comp PC. Quanti-tation of activated factor VII levels in plasma using a tissue factormutant selectively deﬁcient in promoting factor VII activation. Blood1993; 81: 734–44.11 Margaritis P, Roy E, Aljamali MN,DowneyHD,GigerU,ZhouS,Merricks E, Dillow A, Ezban M, Nichols TC, High KA. Successfultreatment of canine hemophilia by continuous expression of canineFVIIa. Blood 2009; 113: 3682–9.
Spontaneous molecular reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in mice (2002)

Infection of the mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) is the most commonly used model for the study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency. Its popularity is caused, at least in part, by the perception that latent infection can be studied in this system in the absence of spontaneous viral reactivation. However, this perception has never been rigorously tested. To carefully study this issue, the eyes of Swiss-Webster mice were inoculated with HSV-1 (KOS), and 37-47 days later the TG were dissected, serial-sectioned, and probed for HSV-1 ICP4, thymidine kinase, glycoprotein C, and latency-associated transcript RNA by in situ hybridization. Serial sections of additional latently infected TG were probed with HSV-1-specific polyclonal antisera. Analysis of thousands of probed sections revealed abundant expression of viral transcripts, viral protein, and viral DNA replication in about 1 neuron per 10 TG tested. These same neurons were surrounded by a focal white cell infiltrate, indicating the presence of an antigenic stimulus. We conclude that productive cycle viral genes are abundantly expressed in rare neurons of latently infected murine TG and that these events are promptly recognized by an active local immune response. In the absence of detectable infectious virus in these ganglia, we propose the term "spontaneous molecular reactivation" to describe this ongoing process.
Over-expression of Topoisomerase II Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Tobacco (2016)

Topoisomerases are unique enzymes having an ability to remove or add DNA supercoils and untangle the snarled DNA. They can cut, shuffle, and religate DNA strands and remove the torsional stress during DNA replication, transcription or recombination events. In the present study, we over-expressed topoisomerase II (TopoII) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) and examined its role in growth and development as well as salt (NaCl) stress tolerance. Several putative transgenic plants were generated and the transgene integration and expression was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses, and RT-PCR analysis respectively. Percent seed germination, shoot growth, and chlorophyll content revealed that transgenic lines over-expressing the NtTopoIIα-1 gene exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt (150 and 200 mM NaCl) stress. Moreover, over-expression of TopoII lead to the elevation in proline and glycine betaine levels in response to both concentrations of NaCl as compared to wild-type. In response to NaCl stress, TopoII over-expressing lines showed reduced lipid peroxidation derived malondialdehyde (MDA) generation. These results suggest that TopoII plays a pivotal role in salt stress tolerance in plants.
Illumination Invariant Faces (2005)

We create a model of joint color changes in face images due to lighting variations. This is done by observing how colors of an individual's face with fixed pose and expression are mapped to new colors under different lighting conditions. One of the challenges we are dealing with in this work is that the scenes are not constant for different lighting. Hence we cannot observe the joint color changes of the scenes. However all the scenes have a human subject with approximately frontal pose, so we use the color changes observed on a human subjects face to learn the color mapping. The joint color mappings are represented in a low dimensional subspace obtained using singular value decomposition (SVD). Using these maps the detected face from a new image can be transformed to appear as if taken under canonical lighting condition.
Directed Assembly of Cuprous Oxide Nanocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Coupled to Heterobinuclear ZrOCo<sup>II</sup> Light Absorber in Mesoporous Silica (2015)

Hierarchical assembly of an oxo-bridged binuclear ZrOCoII light absorber unit coupled to a cuprous oxide nanocluster catalyst for CO2 reduction on mesoporous silica support is demonstrated. The proper positioning of the Cu oxide cluster was achieved by photodeposition of a [Cu(NCCH3)4]2+precursor by visible light excitation of the ZrOCo charge transfer chromophore, followed by mild calcination at 350 C. Illumination of the CuxOy-ZrOCo unit so formed in the presence of a diethylamine electron donor resulted in the reduction of surface Cu centers to Cu0 as demonstrated by the characteristic infrared band of adsorbed 13CO probe molecules at 2056 cm–1. For analogous CuxOy-TiOCoII units, the oxidation state makeup of the surface Cu centers was dominated by CuI, and the Cu0, CuI, and CuII composition was found to depend on the wavelength of MMCT excitation. The observed strong dependence of the CO2 photoreduction yield on the oxidation state of the surface Cu centers directly proves that CO2 is reduced on the CuxOy surface, thus establishing that the ZrOCoII unit functions as light absorber, donating electrons to the CuxOy catalyst on whose surface CO2 is reduced.
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Jejunum in a F344 Rat. (2000)

A mucinous adenocarcinoma was found in the jejunum of an untreated male F344 rat of 126 weeks old. The neoplasm was primarily composed of cuboidal to columnar goblet cells that were arranged in a glandular form. Alcian blue-PAS staining revealed mucin in neoplastic cells and in the lumen. Paneth cells were found scattered among the goblet cells together with metaplastic cartilage and bone formation in the interstitium.
A Fibre Optic Methane Sensor Having Improved Performance (1988)

This paper describes improvements to a novel fibre optic methane sensor which has several advantages over previously published fibre optic techniques. As with the earlier method, it is based on a scanning Fabry Perot etalon filter and is self-referencing, requiring only a single optical sensing path and photodetector. A laboratory version of the sensor, employing a white light source, has been constructed and tested, and was found to be capable of detecting 0.01% by volume methane in air, with a response time of approximately 1 second.
Stagnation Hugoniot Analysis for Steady Combustion Waves in Propulsion Systems (2006)

The combustion mode in a steady-flow propulsion system has a strong influence on the overall efficiency of the system. To evaluate the relative merits of different modes, we propose that it is most appropriate to keep the upstream stagnation state fixed and the wave stationary within the combustor. Because of the variable wave speed and upstream stagnation state, the conventional Hugoniot analysis of combustion waves is inappropriate for this purpose. To remedy this situation, we propose a new formulation of the analysis of stationary combustion waves for a fixed initial stagnation state, which we call the stagnation Hugoniot. For a given stagnation enthalpy, we find that stationary detonation waves generate a higher entropy rise than deflagration waves. The combustion process generating the lowest entropy increment is found to be constant-pressure combustion. These results clearly demonstrate that the minimum entropy property of detonations derived from the conventional Hugoniot analysis does not imply superior performance in all propulsion systems. This finding reconciles previous analysis of flowpath performance analysis of detonation-based ramjets with the thermodynamic cycle analysis of detonation-based propulsion systems. We conclude that the thermodynamic analysis of propulsion systems based on stationary detonation waves must be formulated differently than for propagating waves, and the two situations lead to very different results.
Initial turbulence effect on jet evolution with and without tonal excitation (1989)

The effect of the initial turbulence level on the development of an axisymmetric jet was experimentally investigated. The turbulence intensity at the jet exit was varied, over the range 0.15%–5%, by using screens and grids placed upstream of an 8.8 cm diam nozzle. Top-hat initial mean velocity profiles with approximately identical boundary layer states were ensured in all cases; the turbulence was homogeneous and the spectra were broadband. It was found, contrary to earlier reports, that the natural jet evolution remained essentially unchanged for varying initial turbulence intensities. The response of the jet to single frequency, plane wave excitation was then studied over the full range of initial turbulence intensities. It was found that for even the highest turbulence (5%), the jet was quite excitable and could be influenced measurably by a tone of small amplitude. However, the jet ‘‘excitability,’’ as assessed from the variations of the mean velocity as well as the total and fundamental rms amplitudes on the axis, diminished with increasing initial turbulence. As the initial turbulence was increased, the amplitude of the discrete tone had to be increased in order to achieve the same excited state of the jet. It was also found that there existed a limit to the jet excitability, beyond which no additional effect could be achieved, as the amplitude of the discrete tone was increased. Results are also shown for a case having no grid or boundary layer trip, yielding a nominally laminar boundary layer at the jet exit. This case illustrates the profound effect of the initial boundary layer state on the jet evolution and excitability. This jet decayed the fastest naturally, and consequently, it was the least excitable, in spite of very low initial turbulence intensity (0.15%).
The eye of the needle (2010)

The first needles designed for sewing by hand were made of wood or bone (dating back to 6000BC), whereas modern needles are frequently made of high carbon steel wire and plated with nickel or gold for corrosion resistance.1 Modern needles come in many different sizes and shapes depending on their purpose, but all have a hole at the non-pointed end called the ‘eye of the needle’. This ‘eye’ is often oval or ‘eye’-shaped and carries thread or cord through the fabric after the pointed end of the needle pierces the fabric.

The eyes of needles are often small and difficult to thread, leading to an aphorism used in the religious texts of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. These aphorisms are based on the …
Scheduling with uncertain resources: Representation of common knowledge (2009)

We describe a system for scheduling a conference based on incomplete information about available resources and scheduling constraints. We explain the representation of uncertain knowledge and related common-sense rules, which allow reasoning based on uncertain and partially missing data.
Recombinant leptin exchanges between parabiosed mice but does not reach equilibrium (1997)

Parabiosis experiments suggest that ob/ob mice are deficient in a circulating "lipostatic" signal but respond to such a signal when it is delivered in the cross circulation from their parabiotic partner. Identification of leptin as the mutation in ob/ob mice leads to the assumption that leptin is the lipostatic signal. The objective of these experiments was to determine the circulating half-life of leptin and to demonstrate whether it exchanged between parabiosed mice. Measurement of disappearance of recombinant leptin from serum in SWRJ mice indicated a circulating half-life of approximately 36 min. Single ob/ob mice or one member of a parabiosed pair of ob/ob mice received 50 micrograms recombinant murine leptin in two intraperitoneal injections a day for 10 days, starting 40 days after parabiosis surgery. Control mice and pairs received equivalent injections of vehicle. In single mice, leptin significantly reduced food intake, body weight, serum insulin, and pancreatic and liver weight. Leptin treatment of one member of a parabiosed pair of ob/ob mice reduced serum insulin, gut content (an index of food intake), and body fat in both partners. The injected parabiont lost more fat than its partner, and body temperature was increased only in the injected mouse, indicating that leptin did not reach equilibrium in the two animals. This was confirmed by Western blot analysis of serum leptin measured 2 h after injection. Therefore, although leptin can exchange between parabionts, its half-life is inadequate to allow equilibrium when a large concentration gradient exists between partners.
Wie man 6000 Nutzer-Kommentare in Qualität umwandelt (2021)

Fragebögen sind eine einfache Möglichkeit, um mit wenig Aufwand Feedback von größeren Nutzergruppen einzusammeln. Wir zeigen am Beispiel einer komplexen Anwendung, wie man Fragebögen zur kontinuierlichen Qualitätskontrolle einsetzen kann. In unserem Beispiel werden zwei unterschiedlich konzipierte Fragebögen genutzt, um zum einen konkrete Verbesserungsvorschläge zu generieren und zum anderen die UX Qualität in festen Intervallen zu messen. Das Zusammenspiel dieser beiden Instrumente erlaubt einen kontinuierlichen Feedback-Kanal zu etablieren, der einerseits datenbasierte Entscheidungen zur Verbesserung erlaubt und andererseits auch hilft in der Gesamtorganisation die Aufmerksamkeit für UX Qualität zu verbessern.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SULTINES VIA TERT‐BUTYL HYDROXYALKYL SULFOXIDES (1977)

Abstract Die aus dem Mercaptan (I) und Halogenhydrinen (II) oder auch Alken‐(1)‐olen bei nachfolgender Oxidation leicht erhältlichen Sulfoxide wie (III) lassen sich einfach zu Sultinen wie (IV) cyclisieren, wobei die Ausbeute mit steigender Ringgröße abnimmt.
Analysis of the impact of the use of broad specification fuels on combustors for commercial aircraft gas turbine engines (1979)

An analytical study was conducted to assess the impact of the use of broad specification fuels with reduced hydrogen content on the design, performance, durability, emissions and operational characteristics of combustors for commercial aircraft gas turbine engines. The study was directed at defining necessary design revisions to combustors designed for use of Jet A when such are operated on ERBS (Experimental Referee Broad Specification Fuel) which has a nominal hydrogen content of 12.8 percent as opposed to 13.7 percent in current Jet A. The results indicate that improvements in combustor liner cooling, and/or materials, and methods of fuel atomization will be required if the hydrogen content of aircraft gas turbine fuel is decreased.
Regulation of multidrug resistance through the cAMP and EGF signalling pathways (1995)

The development of cross-resistance to many natural product anticancer drugs, termed multidrug resistance (MDR), is a serious limitation to cancer chemotherapy. MDR is often associated with overexpression of the MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein, a multifunctional drug transporter. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the transcriptional activation of MDR1 may afford a means of reducing or eliminating MDR. We have found that MDR1 expression can be modulated by type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). This suggests that MDR may be modulated by selectively downregulating PKA activity to effect inhibition of PKA-dependent trans-activating factors which may be involved in MDR1 transcription. High levels of type I PKA occur in primary breast carcinomas and patients exhibiting this phenotype show decreased survival. The selective type I PKA inhibitors, 8-Cl-cAMP and Rp8-Cl-cAMP[S], may be particularly useful for downregulating PKA, and inhibit transient expression of a reporter gene under the control of MDR1 promoter elements. Thus, investigations of the signalling pathways involved in transcriptional regulation of MDR1 may lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing the expression of MDR and provide a focus for pharmacological intervention.
Use of thymic grafts or thymic factors to augment immunologic recovery after bone marrow transplantation: brief report with 2 to 12 years' follow-up. (1988)

Thymus tissue implants, thymic epithelial cells obtained from third party donors sharing one HLA-A and -B locus with the recipient, or the thymic hormones thymosin fraction 5 and thymopentin were given to recipients of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow to prevent chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and accelerate immunologic reconstitution. The clinical courses of 17 patients receiving thymus tissue and 18 patients receiving thymic hormones were reported initially 5 years ago and showed no difference in the incidence of chronic GVHD or immunologic recovery from those of concurrent or historical controls. We report here for the first time nine new patients who received thymus tissue implants with modifications of the culture method to lower the number of lymphocytes in the transplanted tissue with the intent of reducing rejection of the thymus tissue grafts. The clinical outcomes and immunologic functions of these nine patients were similar to those of the recipients of the earlier thymus tissue implants. With follow-up now ranging from 2.2 to 12.3 years (median 6.7) for the total group, 16 patients are alive. Seven never developed chronic GVHD. Nine were treated for chronic GVHD, seven of whom recovered and are leading normal lives, one has chronic pulmonary insufficiency, and one is disabled from chronic GVHD. We conclude that thymus tissue grafts or thymic epithelial cells partially HLA-matched to the recipient, thymosin fraction 5, or thymopentin used as described were not effective in reducing the incidence of chronic GVHD, improving immunologic recovery, or altering long-term survival.