gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallic barrelane: crystal structure, physical properties and bonding analysis of La<sub>16</sub>Al<sub>13</sub> (2005)

Abstract Single crystals of the new intermetallic compound La 16 Al 13 were obtained by thermal treatment of (La 3 O)Al in sealed Ta ampoules at 973 K, powder material for physical properties measurements from melt beads of appropriate composition at 773 K, well below the peritectic temperature of 978 K of the decomposition into LaAl and liquid. La 16 Al 13 crystallizes hexagonal (space group P -62 m , a = 918.3(2) pm, c = 1123.8(3) pm, R gt ( F ) = 0.0293, R all ( F ) = 0.0299, wR ( F 2 ) = 0.0621) with one formula unit per unit cell. The crystal structure can be described as built from layers of face-sharing Edshammar polyhedra (AlLa 2 La 9/2 ) 2 alternating with layers of barrelane-like Al 11 cages linked by La. La 16 Al 13 is a Pauli-paramagnet with metallic electrical resistivity. Electron localization function calculation reveals covalent interactions within the Al 11 cages. The resulting large number of the ‘free’ charge carriers explains the metal-like transport and magnetic properties in good agreement with the experiments and electronic band-structure calculation.
Digital Straight Lines and Convexity of Digital Regions (1982)

It is shown that a digital region is convex if and only if every pair of points in the region is connected by a digital straight line segment contained in the region. The midpoint property is shown to be a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the convexity of digital regions. However, it is shown that a digital region is convex if and only if it has the median-point property.
Aerospace Structures : Present Status, Future Challenges, and Research Needs (2008)

The international aerospace community is presently at a cross point. There has been a sea change in technology priorities among the leading countries; that is, no longer do faster, larger and more fuel efficient commercial airplanes enjoys the forefront status of aeronautical technology developments. In space technology many view that the Space Station will become a past generation technological showcase the moment it is completed. Even though recent space explorations conducted by Jet Propulsion Laboratories have generated public fascination and NASA's Lunar Initiative injected a moderate spark on the space activities, it is uncertain how vigorously the new US administration will commit to the program. For the rest of the world, including China and Japan as well as the European Community, their planned space programs can be viewed as catch-up activities for what the US and Russia had accomplished prior to 1990s. With this backdrop, this lecture presents a brief survey of progresses made during the past twenty years in aerospace structures, offer select challenges the international aerospace structures community will face in the near future, and focus on the research issues the aerospace structures community is expected to face in the next twenty years. To this end, we first review major developments in aerospace structures in the past: emergence of composite structures, large space structures, space construction, deployable booms and antenna, and adaptive and morphing structures and structural morphing. Emphasis will be on the motivations of these developments and their impacts on the advances in aerospace structures technology. Several future challenges for the international aerospace community are then identified, each with structural implications, ranging from quieter airplanes both internally and externally, extremely short distance, low Reynolds number and long, high Reynolds number vehicles, design of space environment friendly spacecraft, interplanetary and deep space exploration vehicles, and space habitation modules both on the Moon and in space. Structural research issues common to the envisioned future aeronautical and space systems will then be discussed, including adaptation of new materials. The lecture will conclude with our collective projections of future research needs.
Wanda: a database of duplicated fish genes (2002)

Comparative genomics has shown that ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) contain more copies of many genes than other vertebrates. A large number of these additional genes appear to have been produced during a genome duplication event that occurred early during the evolution of Actinopterygii (i.e. before the teleost radiation). In addition to this ancient genome duplication event, many lineages within Actinopterygii have experienced more recent genome duplications. Here we introduce a curated database named Wanda that lists groups of orthologous genes with one copy from man, mouse and chicken, one or two from tetraploid Xenopus and two or more ancient copies (i.e. paralogs) from ray-finned fish. The database also contains the sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees that were necessary for determining the correct orthologous and paralogous relationships among genes. Where available, map positions and functional data are also reported. The Wanda database should be of particular use to evolutionary and developmental biologists who are interested in the evolutionary and functional divergence of genes after duplication. Wanda is available at http://www.evolutionsbiologie.uni-konstanz.de/Wanda/.
The Catalytic Activities of the Bifunctional Azotobacter vinelandii Mannuronan C-5-Epimerase and Alginate Lyase AlgE7 Probably Originate from the Same Active Site in the Enzyme (2001)

The Azotobacter vinelandii genome encodes a family of seven secreted Ca(2+)-dependent epimerases (AlgE1--7) catalyzing the polymer level epimerization of beta-D-mannuronic acid (M) to alpha-L-guluronic acid (G) in the commercially important polysaccharide alginate. AlgE1--7 are composed of two types of protein modules, A and R, and the A-modules have previously been found to be sufficient for epimerization. AlgE7 is both an epimerase and an alginase, and here we show that the lyase activity is Ca(2+)-dependent and also responds similarly to the epimerases in the presence of other divalent cations. The AlgE7 lyase degraded M-rich alginates and a relatively G-rich alginate from the brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera most effectively, producing oligomers of 4 (mannuronan) to 7 units. The sequences cleaved were mainly G/MM and/or G/GM. Since G-moieties dominated at the reducing ends even when mannuronan was used as substrate, the AlgE7 epimerase probably stimulates the lyase pathway, indicating a complex interplay between the two activities. A truncated form of AlgE1 (AlgE1-1) was converted to a combined epimerase and lyase by replacing the 5'-798 base pairs in the algE1-1 gene with the corresponding A-module-encoding DNA sequence from algE7. Furthermore, substitution of an aspartic acid residue at position 152 with glycine in AlgE7A eliminated almost all of both the lyase and epimerase activities. Epimerization and lyase activity are believed to be mechanistically related, and the results reported here strongly support this hypothesis by suggesting that the same enzymatic site can catalyze both reactions.
Global Blind Deconvolution of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (2018)

A global blind deconvolution estimation of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy measurements is proposed by using a multi-exponential model, constrained optimization, and alternating least-squares. A comprehensive validation is presented in two stages: fluorescence dyes and oral tissue samples.
The Roles of Biofilm Conductivity and Donor Substrate Kinetics in a Mixed-Culture Biofilm Anode (2016)

We experimentally assessed the kinetics and thermodynamics of electron transfer (ET) from the donor substrate (acetate) to the anode for a mixed-culture biofilm anode. We interpreted the results with a modified biofilm-conduction model consisting of three ET steps in series: (1) intracellular ET, (2) non-Ohmic extracellular ET (EET) from an outer membrane protein to an extracellular cofactor (EC), and (3) ET from the EC to the anode by Ohmic-conduction in the biofilm matrix. The steady-state current density was 0.82 ± 0.03 A/m<sup>2</sup> in a miniature microbial electrochemical cell operated at fixed anode potential of -0.15 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode. Illumina 16S-rDNA and -rRNA sequences showed that the Geobacter genus was less than 30% of the community of the biofilm anode. Biofilm conductivity was high at 2.44 ± 0.42 mS/cm, indicating that the maximum current density could be as high as 270 A/m<sup>2</sup> if only Ohmic-conduction EET was limiting. Due to the high biofilm conductivity, the maximum energy loss for Ohmic-conduction EET was negligible, 0.085 mV. The energy loss in the second ET step also was small, only 20 mV, and the potential for the EC involved in the second ET was -0.15 V, a value documenting that >99% of the EC was in the oxidized state. Monod kinetics for utilization of acetate were relatively slow, and at least 87% of the energy loss was in the intracellular step. Thus, intracellular ET was the main kinetic and thermodynamic bottleneck to ET from donor substrate to the anode for a highly conductive biofilm.
Synthesis and antileukemic activity of 1-[(quinolizidinylalkyl)amino]4/7-R-thioxanthen-9-ones. (1989)

Fifteen 1-(quinolizidinylalkyl)amino derivatives of thioxanthenone bearing different substituents on position 4 and 7 were prepared and tested in mice against lymphocytic leukemia P 388. These compounds were inactive or displayed only borderline activity (compounds 1, 10, 15).
Monofunctionalization of Dendrimers with Use of Microwave−Assisted 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions (2007)

Monofunctionalized polyamide-based dendrimers containing either a terminal azide or alkyne moiety have been designed and synthesized via a convergent synthetic approach. The monofunctionalization allows for the single attachment of a functional moiety in quantitative yields by using 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, thereby opening the possibility for targeted dendrimer functionalization.
Effects of thrombus simulants on acoustic characteristics of artificial heart-valves (2002)

Thrombus simulants were attached to the inflow valve housing and in-vitro sound recordings were made of mechanical aortic valves in a mock circulatory loop driven by a pulsatile artificial heart (ventricle). The valves were isolated from the ambient sound by means of a semi-anechoic chamber. Nine trials of >60 cycles each were recorded and the power spectra within 10 frequency bands (from 0 to 1000 Hz) were calculated using pole-zero modelling and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTS) and submitted to ANOVA (analysis of variance) tests. FET results showed a significant difference (p<0.01) in power levels within the 650 to 750 Hz band between valves with and without thrombus simulants when blockage exceeded 10% of total flow area. Pole-zero results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) when blockage exceeded 25% of total flow area.
Physics requirements of commissioning diagnostics for SSCL linac (2002)

Commissioning diagnostics are described in terms of the beam physics requirements of the SSCL linac. Commissioning diagnostics include current monitors, beam position monitors, spectrometer, foil scattering experiment, wire scanners, Faraday cups, and bunch shape monitors. Two DOE integrated contractors, the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory and Allied Signal, Kansas City Plant, are developing the commissioning diagnostics. The need to measure bright, short linac beam pulses requires special design considerations. High density harps and collectors with up to 50 wires per cm and 128 wires total, and fast, 3.5-MHz amplifiers have been developed. The diagnostics will be first used and tested during beam commissioning of the RFQ.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage in Graphene Oxide‐MWCNTs Composite at Room Temperature (2012)

Abstract High hydrogen capacity (up to 2.6 wt%) is reported for highly aligned structures of Graphene oxide‐Multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the scalable liquid crystal route can be employed as a new method to prepare unique 3‐D framework of graphene oxide layers with proper interlayer spacing as building blocks for cost‐effective high‐capacity hydrogen storage media. The strong synergistic effect of the intercalation of MWCNTs as 1‐D spacers within graphene oxide frameworks resulted in unrivalled high hydrogen capacity at ambient temperature. The mechanisms involved in the intercalation procedure are fully discussed. The main concept behind intercalating one‐dimensional spacers in between giant GO sheets represents a versatile and highly scalable route to fabricate devices with superior hydrogen uptake.
Pattern classification method by integrating interval feature values (2002)

Pattern classification based on Bayesian statistical decision theory needs a complete knowledge of the probability laws to perform the classification. In the actual pattern classification, however, it is generally impossible to get the complete knowledge as constant feature values because of the influence of noise. A pattern classification theory using feature values defined on a closed interval is formalized in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer measure. Then, in order to make up missing information, a new integration algorithm is proposed.
Isoantigens A, B and H in urinary bladder carcinomas following radiotherapy (1978)

ABH tissue isoantigens were measured by the Specific Red Cell Adherence (SRCA) test in 66 surgical specimens of urinary bladder, including 53 transitional cell carcinomas, 2 squamous cell carcinomas and 11 controls. The SRCA test was strongly positive in 10 of 11 controls. ABH isoantigens were absent or equivocally present in 68 percent of noninvasive carcinomas (stage 0) and in 65 percent of invasive carcinomas. Clinical histories revealed that all patients with invasive carcinoma who had strongly positive SRCA test results had received prior radiotherapy to the bladder region. None of the patients with invasive bladder carcinoma with negative or weakly positive SRCA tests had been radiated. Histopathology of tumors in both groups was similar. Results of this retrospective study support the hypothesis that radiation may induce differentiation in tumors, possibly through an enhancement of Golgi apparatus function. The SRCA test should not be used as a predictor of the biological behavior of future recurrences in patients with bladder carcinoma who have received therapeutic radiation since radiation may produce "false positive" SRCA test results.
Whole exome sequencing links dental tumor to an autosomal-dominant mutation in ANO5 gene associated with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia and muscle dystrophies (2016)

Tumors of the jaws may represent different human disorders and frequently associate with pathologic bone fractures. In this report, we analyzed two affected siblings from a family of Russian origin, with a history of dental tumors of the jaws, in correspondence to original clinical diagnosis of cementoma consistent with gigantiform cementoma (GC, OMIM: 137575). Whole exome sequencing revealed the heterozygous missense mutation c.1067G > A (p.Cys356Tyr) in ANO5 gene in these patients. To date, autosomal-dominant mutations have been described in the ANO5 gene for gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD, OMIM: 166260), and multiple recessive mutations have been described in the gene for muscle dystrophies (OMIM: 613319, 611307); the same amino acid (Cys) at the position 356 is mutated in GDD. These genetic data and similar clinical phenotypes demonstrate that the GC and GDD likely represent the same type of bone pathology. Our data illustrate the significance of mutations in single amino-acid position for particular bone tissue pathology. Modifying role of genetic variations in another gene on the severity of the monogenic trait pathology is also suggested. Finally, we propose the model explaining the tissue-specific manifestation of clinically distant bone and muscle diseases linked to mutations in one gene.
Aerosol Measurement by Laser-Induced Plasma Technique: A Review (1999)

Literature on laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) published since the 1960s is reviewed and presented in this report, although LIPS of solid samples has been emphasized in the past. The LIPS is found to be the most convenient technique for in-situ and real-time measurement of metal species in the gaseous and aerosol phases. This technique is a strong candidate for the develop ment of a next-generation field portable instrument for characterizing metal species from the emission sources as well as ambient environments. The instru ment can provide a highly resolved spatial and temporal data of significance to environmental and health research on metal and particle toxicity. An instrument based on LIPS can be a viable tool for continuously monitoring toxic metal emissions at an industrial source, for example. The wide range of lasers used and other experimental and theoretical factors to be considered in the design of a LIPS instrument for aerosol measurements was discussed in this report. Experimental results from different studies on the high-energy laser interaction with aerosols and breakdown thresholds as a function of particle size, particle density, and wavelength are presented and the physical processes are discussed. Although it is not meant to be an exhaustive survey, this review serves as the basis for our ongoing development of a miniaturized LIPS-based instrument at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW DIYLIDES DERIVED FROM ACETONE. USE AS INTERMEDIATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ETHYLENIC α‐KETO PHOSPHONATES AND EPOXY AND CYCLOPROPANIC β‐KETO PHOSPHORANES (1976)

Abstract Aus dem Bromacetonyl‐phosphonium‐Salz (I) entsteht das gemischte Ylid (II), das mit den Aldehyden (III) je nach deren Struktur zu unterschiedlichen Anteilen der Ylide (IV) und (V) führt.
Accurate load positioning: static torque characteristics (2002)

Most stepping motor applications involve accurate positioning of a mechanical load. For example, the position of a print head is defined very precisely by the number of switched excitation changes that have taken place in the controlling motor. External load torques, perhaps caused by friction, give rise to a small error in position when the motor is stationary. The motor must develop enough torque to balance the load torque and the rotor is therefore displaced by a small angle from the expected step position. The resultant 'static position error' depends on the external torque, but is independent of the number of steps previously executed; the position error is noncumulative.
Air Emissions from Exposed Contaminated Sediments and Dredged Material (1998)

The sediment-to-air fluxes of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and pyrene) and a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (dibenzofuran) from a laboratory-contaminated sediment and those of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) from three field sediments were investigated in experimental microcosms. The flux was dependent on the sediment moisture content, air-filled porosity, and the relative humidity of the air flowing over the sediment surface. The mathematical model predictions of flux from the laboratory-spiked sediment agreed with observed values. The fluxes of compounds with higher hydrophobicity were more air-side resistance controlled. Conspicuous differences were observed between the fluxes from the laboratory-spiked and two of the three field sediments. Two field sediments showed dramatic increases in mass-transfer resistances with increasing exposure time and had significant fractions of oil and grease. The proposed mathematical model was inadequate for predicting the flux from the latter field sediments. Sediment reworking enhanced the fluxes from the field sediments due to exposure of fresh solids to the air. Variations in flux from the lab-spiked sediment as a result of change in air relative humidity were due to differences in retardation of chemicals on a dry or wet surface sediment. High moisture in the air over the dry sediment increased the competition for sorption sites between water and contaminant and increased the contaminant flux.
An efficient projection for <i>l</i> <sub>1</sub> , <sub>∞</sub> regularization (2009)

In recent years the l1, ∞ norm has been proposed for joint regularization. In essence, this type of regularization aims at extending the l1 framework for learning sparse models to a setting where the goal is to learn a set of jointly sparse models. In this paper we derive a simple and effective projected gradient method for optimization of l1, ∞ regularized problems. The main challenge in developing such a method resides on being able to compute efficient projections to the l1, ∞ ball. We present an algorithm that works in O(n log n) time and O(n) memory where n is the number of parameters. We test our algorithm in a multi-task image annotation problem. Our results show that l1, ∞ leads to better performance than both l2 and l1 regularization and that it is is effective in discovering jointly sparse solutions.
Roles of the Proximal Heme Thiolate Ligand in Cytochrome P450<sub>cam</sub> (2001)

To examine the roles of the proximal thiolate iron ligand, the C357H mutant of P450(cam) (CYP101) was characterized by resonance Raman, UV, circular dichroism, and activity measurements. The C357H mutant must be reconstituted with hemin for activity to be observed. The reconstituted enzyme is a mixture of high and low spin species. Low temperature (10 degrees C), low enzyme concentration (1 microM), high camphor concentration (1 mM), and 5--50 mM buffer concentrations increase the high to low spin ratio, but under no conditions examined was the protein more than 60% high spin. The C357H mutant has a poorer K(m) for camphor (23 vs 2 microM) and a poorer K(d) for putidaredoxin (50 vs 20 microM) than wild-type P450(cam). The mutant also exhibits a greatly decreased camphor oxidation rate, elevated uncoupling rate, and much greater peroxidase activity. Electron transfer from putidaredoxin to the mutant is much slower than to the wild-type even though redox potential measurements show that the electron transfer remains thermodynamically favored. These experiments confirm that the thiolate ligand facilitates the O--O bond cleavage by P450 enzymes and also demonstrate that this ligand satisfies important roles in protein folding, substrate binding, and electron transfer.
An approach of red blood cell aggregation by ultrasonic echography (1989)

The aggregation phenomenon is an important hemorheological factor which influences blood flow in human capillary bed. Aggregation can be evaluated by a number of methods but none of them can be applied simply to in vivo measurements. In contrast, use of ultrasound waves could allow measurements of mechanical and structural properties of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions as well in vitro as in vivo. To characterize more precisely and quantitatively the aggregation phenomenon, an ultrasonic method based on quantitative echography is used. The aim of this paper is to present effects of some parameters (hematocrit, dextran concentration. RBC electrical charge, shear stress) on RBC aggregation studied by ultrasonic echography. Sickle cell aggregation is also considered.