gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for reduced chain segment mobility in poly(amide)-6/clay nanocomposites (2005)

Poly(amide)-6/clay nanocomposites are investigated by means of modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The importance of polymer–filler interaction is explored by comparing nanocomposites based on untreated and organically modified clay. During quasi-isothermal crystallization experiments, an excess contribution is observed in the recorded heat capacity signal due to reversible melting and crystallization. The magnitude of this excess contribution depends on the nanocomposite investigated. We suggest that it is directly related to the segmental mobility of the polymer chains in the interphase region. As such, the magnitude of this excess contribution can be used to quantify the efficiency of the polymer–clay interaction. Depending on the clay type used, differences in interfacial interaction can be achieved, which is of great importance with respect to the improvement of material properties. Based on thermal analysis results, a simple interphase model is proposed that is able to account for both the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(amide)-6/clay nanocomposites.
Natural products : drug discovery and therapeutic medicine (2005)

Part I. Fundamental Issues Related to Natural Product-Based Drug Delivery Natural Products and Drug Discovery Arnold L. Demain and Lixin Zhang Part II. Strategies Integrated Approaches for Discovering Novel Drugs From Microbial Natural Products Lixin Zhang Automated Analyses of HPLC Profiles of Microbial Extracts: A New Tool for Drug Discovery Screening Jose R. Tormo and Juan B. Garcia Manipulating Microbial Metabolites for Drug Discovery and Production C. Richard Hutchinson Improving Drug Discovery From Microorganisms Chris M. Farnet and Emmanuel Zazopoulos Developments in Strain Improvement Technology: Evolutionary Engineering of Industrial Microorganisms Through Gene, Pathway, and Genome Shuffling Stephen B. del Cardayre Part III. Specific Groups of Drugs The Discovery of Anticancer Drugs From Natural Sources David J. Newman and Gordon M. Cragg Case Studies in Natural-Product Optimization: Novel Antitumor Agents Derived From Taxus brevifolia and Catharanthus roseus Jian Hong and Shu-Hui Chen Terpenoids As Therapeutic Drugs and Pharmaceutical Agents Guangyi Wang, Weiping Tang, and Robert R. Bidigare Challenges and Opportunities in the Chinese Herbal Drug Industry Wei Jia and Lixin Zhang Arsenic Trioxide and Leukemia: From Bedside to Bench Guo-Qiang Chen, Qiong Wang, Hua Yan, and Zhu Chen Part IV. Microbial Diversity New Methods to Access Microbial Diversity for Small Molecule Discovery Karsten Zengler, Ashish Paradkar, and Martin Keller Accessing the Genomes of Uncultivated Microbes for Novel Natural Products Asuncion Martinez, Joern Hopke, Ian A. MacNeil, and Marcia S. Osburne Part V. Specific Sources New Natural-Product Diversity From Marine Actinomycetes Paul R. Jensen and WilliamFenical Novel Natural Products From Rainforest Endophytes Gary Strobel, Bryn Daisy, and Uvidelio Castillo Biological, Economic, Ecological, and Legal Aspects of Harvesting Traditional Medicine in Ecuador Alexandra Guevara-Aguirre and Ximena Chiriboga Index
Fault diagnosis of a commercial PEM fuel cell stack based on fuzzy logic (2014)

Fault diagnosis is of crucial importance in order to reinforce the reliability and to improve the durability of fuel cell stacks. According to the 2011 report of U.S. department of energy, for the transportation application, i.e. cars and buses, lifetimes of 6000 and 20,000 operating hours respectively are expected. However, in real word service, only a lifetime of 2500 operating hours can be actually reached on light car mission profiles. According to the literature, three kinds of diagnostic methods can be generally separated: model-based, knowledge-based and signal-based ones. The considered diagnostic methodology here is a fuzzy logic one composed of two phases: the first phase deals with discovering the underlying data structure in the form of clusters, while the second aims to mine interpretable fuzzy rules based on clustering results. For the experimental implementation, a commercialized Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack is emphasized on. Herein, air stoichiometry was configured with the purpose of inducing oxygen starvation, water flooding and drying into the PEMFC stack. Through experimental verification, a high interpretability and computational efficiency of the proposed methodology can be achieved for fault classification and identification.
The New York high-risk project: social and general intelligence in children at risk for schizophrenia (1998)

IQ at age 9,7 was lower in children with HRSz than with HRAff. Adulthood schizophrenia, compared with major depressive disorder and no psychiatric diagnosis could not be related conclusively to low IQ. This may be a result of the study design, since children with IQ below 70 or behavioral problems were not eligible as study subjects. There was no evidence of lower scores or more decline in social intelligence related to age or group membership (risk or outcome). Subtest-Scatter, a nondirectional measure of the differences between all subtests and Vocabulary, reflecting a lesser difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence, was identified as a significant predictor of adulthood schizophrenia, in the whole group as well as in the HRSz group alone.
Interactions between IL-1bêta, IL-6, IL-8 and LIF produced by human chondrocytes (1995)

peer reviewed
Diagnosis features of pediatric Gaucher disease patients in the era of enzymatic therapy, a national-base study from the Spanish Registry of Gaucher Disease (2017)

The early diagnosis of Gaucher disease in the era of ERT availability has permitted to reduce the incidence of severe and irreversible initial complication in pediatric patients, and this has permitted better development of these patients. This is the largest pediatric cohort from a national registry.
Ein Ylidkomplex des Rutheniums mit drei-und viergliedrigen Metallocyclen / An Ylide Complex of Ruthenium with Three-and Four-Membered Metallocycles (1980)

Abstract A spirometallocyclic complex of ruthenium with (CH 3 ) 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 PCH 2 and two (CH 3 ) 3 P ligands (formula 5) is synthesized from (CH 3 ) 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 Li and trans-[(CH 3 ) 3 P] 4 RuCl 2 in the molar ratio 2:1. Two equivalents of (CH 3 ) 3 P are liberated and the ionic complex trans-[(CH 3 ) 3 P] 4 Ru[CH 2 P(CH 3 ) 3 ]Cl + Cl - is formed as a by-product. The products were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data.
Abstract 11223: Hydrochlorothiazide Use is Independently Associated With a Decreased Risk of New Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertensive Patients With Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (2014)

Background: High and even upper-normal blood pressure (BP) are predictors of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and we have recently demonstrated that more aggressive BP control is associated with a lower risk of new AF. Previous study has demonstrated that hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) use is independently associated with greater left atrial size reduction in hypertensive patients. However, whether HCTZ use is associated with a lower incidence of AF independent of BP effects is unclear. Methods: Risk of new-onset AF was examined in relation to in-study HCTZ use in 8704 hypertensive patients with ECG LVH with no history of AF, in sinus rhythm on their baseline ECG, with baseline data on HCTZ use, who were randomly assigned to losartan- or atenolol-based treatment with additional protocol-based use of HCTZ as needed to lower BP. Results: During 4.7±1.1 years follow-up, new-onset AF was diagnosed in 691 patients (7.9%) and 6,932 (79.6%) were treated with HCTZ at some time. In univariate Cox analysis, in-study H...
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE ANWENDUNG DER CYCLISIERUNG TERTIAERER, GAMMA‐UNGESAETTIGTER ALKOHOLE ZU ALPHA‐BROM‐TETRAHYDROFURANEN UNTER EINWIRKUNG VON N‐BROM‐SUCCINIMID 3.MITT. SYNTH. VON 2,6,10‐TRIMETHYL‐10‐HYDROXY‐DODECATRIEN‐(2,6,11)‐AL (TRANS/TRANS UND TRANS/CIS), EINEM DEN SINENSALEN VERWANDTEN HYDROXYALDEHYD (1973)

Abstract Aus dem cis‐trans‐Gemisch von (i)‐Nerolidol (I) wird in einer 5‐Schritt‐Reaktio ein trennbares Gemisch der isomeren Dienacetale (IIa) und (IIb) erhalten, deren Hydrolyse die Aldehyde (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) liefert.
Analytical continuation approaches to electronic transport: The resonant level model (2012)

The analytical continuation average spectrum method (ASM) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method are applied to the dynamic response of a noninteracting resonant level model within the framework of the Kubo formula for electric conductivity. The frequency dependent conductivity is inferred from the imaginary time current-current correlation function for a wide range of temperatures, gate voltages, and spectral densities representing the leads, and compared with exact results. We find that the MaxEnt provides more accurate results compared to the ASM over the full spectral range.
Crosstalk-Aware Multiple Error Detection Scheme Based on Two-Dimensional Parities for Energy Efficient Network on Chip (2014)

Achieving reliable operation under the influence of deep-submicrometer noise sources including crosstalk noise at low voltage operation is a major challenge for network on chip links. In this paper, we propose a coding scheme that simultaneously addresses crosstalk effects on signal delay and detects up to seven random errors through wire duplication and simple parity checks calculated over the rows and columns of the two-dimensional data. This high error detection capability enables the reduction of operating voltage on the wire leading to energy saving. The results show that the proposed scheme reduces the energy consumption up to 53% as compared to other schemes at iso-reliability performance despite the increase in the overhead number of wires. In addition, it has small penalty on the network performance, represented by the average latency and comparable codec area overhead to other schemes.
Comparison of friction measurement between load/unload ramps and suspension lift tabs using strain gage and actuator current (2000)

Friction force between the load/unload ramp and suspension is measured and compared using two different methods. One method uses a well-known technique utilizing strain gages, which is similar to the method used to measure stiction and friction during contact-start-stop. The other method involves measuring the required actuator current to move the suspension across the load/unload ramp. In this paper we show that the actuator measurement can accurately predict the friction force between the ramp and the suspension on certain regions of the ramp.
The role of COP1 in repression of Arabidopsis photomorphogenic development (1999)

Photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis is regulated by the key repressor COP1, which interacts with specific transcription factors in the nucleus to modulate their activities. In the dark, COP1 accumulates in the nucleus and represses photomorphogenic development. Light diminishes the nuclear accumulation of COP1 and abrogates its repressor activity. A number of cellular components are involved in light-dependent nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of COP1, including the multisubunit COP9 complexes and at least three well-characterized photoreceptors. This review discusses current understanding of the mechanisms of COP1 action.
Grating Vacuum Monochromator for the Spectral Range 1000–6500 A (1958)

In order to get information about the excitation processes in a discharge tube, a spectrograph has been built, which scans the range between the visible and the far ultraviolet. Using a Paschen-Runge mounting the spectrum has been detected with a cooled E.M.I. photomultiplier, which can move along the Rowland circle with a velocity of 0.1–12 A per second. At the wavelength of 2500 A, 0.6 A could be resolved.
Nanomedicine for Imaging and Therapy of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2019)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has the worst outcome among all cancer types, with a 5-year survival rate as low as 10%. The lethal nature of this cancer is a result of its silent onset, resistance to therapies, and rapid spreading. As a result, most patients remain asymptomatic and present at diagnosis with an already infiltrating and incurable disease. The tumor microenvironment, composed of a dense stroma and of disorganized blood vessels, coupled with the dysfunctional signal pathways in tumor cells, creates a set of physical and biological barriers that make this tumor extremely hard-to-treat with traditional chemotherapy. Nanomedicine has great potential in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, because of the ability of nano-formulated drugs to overcome biological barriers and to enhance drug accumulation at the target site. Moreover, monitoring of disease progression can be achieved by combining drug delivery with imaging probes, resulting in early detection of metastatic patterns. This review describes the latest development of theranostic formulations designed to concomitantly treat and image pancreatic cancer, with a specific focus on their interaction with physical and biological barriers.
Inhibition of Glucose Trimming with Castanospermine Reduces Calnexin Association and Promotes Proteasome Degradation of the α-Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (1998)

To identify factors involved in the expression of ligand-gated ion channels, we expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in HEK cells to characterize roles for oligosaccharide trimming, calnexin association, and targeting to the proteasome. The homologous subunits of the acetylcholine receptor traverse the membrane four times, contain at least one oligosaccharide, and are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum until completely assembled into the circular arrangement of subunits of delta-alpha-gamma-alpha-beta to enclose the ion channel. We previously demonstrated that calnexin is associated with unassembled subunits of the receptor, but appears to dissociate when subunits are assembled in various combinations. We used the glucosidase inhibitor castanospermine to block oligosaccharide processing, and thereby inhibit calnexin's interaction with the oligosaccharides in the receptor subunits. Castanospermine treatment reduces the association of calnexin with the alpha-subunit of the receptor, and diminishes the intracellular accumulation of unassembled receptor subunit protein. However, treatment with castanospermine does not appear to alter subunit folding or assembly. In contrast, co-treatment with proteasome inhibitors and castanospermine enhances the accumulation of polyubiquitin-conjugated alpha-subunits, and generally reverses the castanospermine induced loss of alpha-subunit protein. Co-transfection of cDNAs encoding the alpha- and delta-subunits, which leads to the expression of assembled alpha- and delta- subunits, also inhibits the loss of alpha-subunits expressed in the presence of castanospermine. Taken together, these observations indicate that calnexin association reduces the degradation of unassembled receptor subunits in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Advanced feedback control of indoor air quality using real-time computational fluid dynamics (1998)

This paper describes the partial implementation of a novel method of controlling indoor air quality (IAQ) for critical applications. The proposed method uses a numerical modeling technique known as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for modeling the effect of variable ventilation rates for intelligent and rapid control of air contamination in space. This paper describes how a CFD model is made to run in real time linked to a feedback control loop. The technique was simulated in a graphical programming language. The simulation results indicate that a quasi-transient potential flow CFD model is a viable technique for feedback control of IAQ, and it is currently being implemented in an experimental validation.
Blockade and knock-out of CALHM1 channels attenuate ischemic brain damage (2017)

Overactivation of purinergic receptors during cerebral ischemia results in a massive release of neurotransmitters, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to the extracellular space which leads to cell death. Some hypothetical pathways of ATP release are large ion channels, such as calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), a membrane ion channel that can permeate ATP. Since this transmitter contributes to postischemic brain damage, we hypothesized that CALHM1 activation may be a relevant target to attenuate stroke injury. Here, we analyzed the contribution of CALHM1 to postanoxic depolarization after ischemia in cultured neurons and in cortical slices. We observed that the onset of postanoxic currents in neurons in those preparations was delayed after its blockade with ruthenium red or silencing of Calhm1 gene by short hairpin RNA, as well as in slices from CALHM1 knockout mice. Subsequently, we used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and found that ruthenium red, a blocker of CALHM1, or the lack of CALHM1, substantially attenuated the motor symptoms and reduced significantly the infarct volume. These results show that CALHM1 channels mediate postanoxic depolarization in neurons and brain damage after ischemia. Therefore, targeting CALHM1 may have a high therapeutic potential for treating brain damage after ischemia.
Estrogen Regulates the Expression of the Small Proline-rich 2 Gene Family in the Mouse Uterus (2004)

Small proline-rich (SPRR) proteins are structural components of the cornified cell envelope (CE), a specialized structure beneath the plasma membrane of stratified squamous epithelia. They are divided into four families, of which SPRR2 is the most complex consisting of 11 members (2a-2k) in the mouse. To assess the possible influence of estrogen on expression of the SPRR2 family in the uterus, we examined the effect of 17b-estradiol (E2) on SPRR2 mRNA levels on ovariectomized (OVX) adult mice. We employed a combination of laser capture microdissection (LCM) and semiquantitative RT-PCR to examine expression in particular uterine cell types - luminal epithelia, and stromal and muscle cells. We also used quantitative real-time PCR to measure levels of the mRNA of several SPRR2 proteins in the mouse uterus over the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy. Expression of SPRR2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f and 2g mRNA was increased by estrogen treatment. SPRR2a, 2b, 2d and 2e were highly expressed on day 1 and 2 of pregnancy, but decreased markedly by days 3-6. Interestingly, several members of the SPRR2 family were preferentially up-regulated at implantation sites compared to inter-implantation sites around day 4 of pregnancy. They were abundant during proestrus and estrus but declined rapidly during metestrus. These results indicate that estrogen is a key regulator of the expression of the SPRR2 family in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. In addition, they suggest that some members of the family play an important role in uterine processes such as the estrous cycle, early pregnancy and implantation.
Design of a new protease inhibitor by the manipulation of the bait region of <i>α</i>2-macroglobulin: inhibition of the tobacco etch virus protease by mutant <i>α</i>2-macroglobulin (1995)

Human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) inhibits a broad spectrum of proteases by changing its conformation and physically confining the enzyme. The inhibitory spectrum of alpha 2M is defined by a stretch of 39 amino acids, the bait region, located near the middle of the alpha 2M monomers. To investigate whether a new inhibitory specificity can be introduced by the manipulation of the bait region, recombinant alpha 2M (r alpha 2M) was produced in which the primary cleavage site was replaced by a heptapeptide containing the cleavage specificity of tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. This protease is not inhibited by wild-type alpha 2M. The r alpha 2M, produced in an episomal expression system, was fully functional and able to inhibit the tobacco etch virus protease according to its normal 'trap' mechanism. The manipulation of the bait region of alpha 2M thus allows the design of new, specific protease inhibitors.
Extending the Use of Power Tools to Aerial Robots for Infrastructure Repair (2017)

The use of UAVs for aerial inspection of infrastructure has many obvious advantages over manned approaches, including cost and safety. Prior work has included a variety of modalities for non-contact measurement such as basic computer vision, specific use of infrared or microwave wavelengths, and lasers to assess structural integrity. Here we use UAVs in a direct contact fashion for the sake of repair after inspection. The goal of this work is the repair of composite structures, such as wind turbine blades, which requires both precise and high-force manipulation of tools for the material removal (sanding and drilling) that precedes patching. Here we present the design of a customized delta manipulator along with analysis of the implications of linkage length on force production relative to tasks associated with composite structure repair.
Association between polymorphism in the Prolactin I promoter and growth of tilapia in saline-water (2015)

Tilapias are a group of species with a variable tolerance to high salinity, which are cultured worldwide in fresh, brackish and seawater. Prolactin I (PRL I) is known as a key hormone in osmoregulatory physiological pathways. A previous study, conducted in a single family, reported on association between polymorphism in a repetitive element within the promoter of the PRL I gene and growth rate of tilapia in saline water. This study was aiming to further validate this association in a larger sample size, and was conducted in nine families over two consecutive breeding seasons. We have confirmed this association in the three F2 families of Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus hybrids challenged in the first year. The same pattern of improved growth for genotypes with shorter alleles originating from the O. niloticus grand-parental fish, although O. mossambicus is considered to be a more salt tolerant species, was demonstrated. The effects accounted for 13–15% of the phenotypic variance for growth rate (P < 0.05). In the six families from the second spawning season there was no association between the gene polymorphism and the fish growth in saline water. No association was evident between the polymorphism in the PRL I promoter and the expression of the gene.
The Use of a Hypoallergenic Dermal Matrix for Wrapping in Peripheral Nerve Lesions Regeneration: Functional and Quantitative Morphological Analysis in an Experimental Animal Model (2019)

Histological and functional assessments show a functional recovery of the injured nerve in the test groups, stressed by the results of the grasping tests and the meaningful increasing in fiber diameter and higher g-ratio. Moreover, a connective tissue cuff distinguishes the distal portion of the injured nerve. Considering the easy availability and handling of the material used in this study we can conclude that this experimental technique can be considered as a valid alternative to protect nerves in nerve wrap surgery.