gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine by Modification with 2-Mercaptonicotinic Acid (1999)

We have demonstrated the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy for the detection of the phenylalkylamines amphetamine and methamphetamine. This work can be viewed as the first phase of development toward a one-step drug detection method with a selective reactive coating on a SERS substrate. This work involves a fairly complicated coupling reaction prior to surface derivatization. Future efforts will be directed at creating a reactive coating directly on the surface. The amines were derivatized by a coupling reaction with 2-mercaptonicotinic acid (2-MNA) with the use of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the coupling reagent to form the amide compounds AMNA [ N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-2-mercaptopyridine-3-carboxamide] and MMNA [ N-methyl- N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-2-mercaptopyridine-3-carboxamide]. The amides were qualitatively identified from SERS spectra. Quantification of the amides was accomplished by adding the internal standard pentachlorothiophenol (PCTP) and measuring the intensity of Raman bands of the analyte relative to a Raman band of the internal standard. Calibration curves were plotted of the relative peak intensity ratios as a function of analyte concentration. Detection limits of 19 ppm and 17 ppm were found for amphetamine/2-MNA (AMNA) amide and methamphetamine/2-MNA (MMNA) amide, respectively.
Gas Thermometry Using Two-Thermocouple Radiation Correction (2017)

The current work is the first in a series of investigations to develop a method for high-temperature thermometry of gaseous flows using thermocouple pairs with disparate convective properties to infer the contribution of radiation. Two thermocouples of deliberately dissimilar bead geometry are placed side-by-side in a flow while the two beads are heated by surface radiation. Their dissimilar responses to radiation cause a predictable divergence between the two temperature measurements. The current approach improves upon others found in literature owing to its in-situ measurement for convection coefficients rather than dependence on empirical estimation. Each bead is deliberately overheated, and the time constant of the thermal decay back to equilibrium indicates the intensity of convection. Here, we perform this measurement in air while varying velocity, duration of overheat, and intensity of overheat. We compare the calculated temperature correction against the known air temperature. Heat transfer through the probe wires to the ceramic probe support was found to have a strong effect on the correction, although corrected values were always closer to the actual gas temperature than the original uncorrected value. In conditions of mild radiation loading, the effect was sufficiently symmetric between the two beads to allow effective correction. All measurements indicated that if additional information about the probe body temperature was collected in addition to the thermocouple measurements, the correction could be improved significantly.
Modelling the failure precursor mechanism of lamellar fibrous tissues, example of the annulus fibrosus (2016)

The aims of this study were to assess the damage and failure strengths of lamellar fibrous tissues, such as the anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), and to develop a mathematical model of damage propagation of the lamellae and inter-lamellar connections. This level of modelling is needed to accurately predict the effect of damage and failure induced by trauma or clinical interventions. 26 ovine anterior AF cuboid specimens from 11 lumbar intervertebral discs were tested in radial tension and mechanical parameters defining damage and failure were extracted from the in-vitro data. Equivalent 1D analytical models were developed to represent the specimen strength and the damage propagation, accounting for the specimen dimensions and number of lamellae. Model parameters were calibrated on the in-vitro data. Similar to stiffness values reported for other orientations, the outer annulus was found stronger than the inner annulus in the radial direction, with failure at higher stress values. The inner annulus failed more progressively, showing macroscopic failure at a higher strain value. The 1D analytical model of damage showed that lamellar damage is predominant in the failure mechanism of the AF. The analytical model of the connections between lamellae allowed us to represent separately damage processes in the lamellae and the inter-lamellar connections, which cannot be experimentally tested individually.
Technical progress in the production of blast-furnace coke (1977)

A scientific-technical conference on Principal Trends in Technical Progress in the Blast-Furnace Industry was held in Cherepovitz in November 1976. The conference drew up a number of recommendations, particularly the following: Coke quality should be improved by optimizing the technological parameters of the carbonization process and by use of dry cooling. The content of small size classes, i.e., <25 mm, in the coke delivered to the storage skips should not exceed 2%; the deviations in the moisture content of coke in skip storage should not exceed the mean value by more than 1 to 2% (absolute). Experimental blast-furnace smelting should be carried out with low-reactivity coke, in order to determine its influence on furnace operating parameters. The technical administration of the MChM USSR should be requested to examine use of the method based on determination of the gas-permeability coefficient for evaluation of coke, in order that more accurate procedures for determination of coke properties can be incorporated into State Standards. The recommendations made by the conference also indicated ways to further improve the production of blast-furnace agglomerate.
Structure of the ternary complex of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 with 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one (equilin) and NADP <sup>+</sup> (1999)

Excess 17beta-estradiol (E2), the most potent of human estrogens, is known to act as a stimulus for the growth of breast tumors. Human estrogenic 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1), which catalyzes the reduction of inactive estrone (E1) to the active 17beta-estradiol in breast tissues, is a key enzyme responsible for elevated levels of E2 in breast tumor tissues. We present here the structure of the ternary complex of 17beta-HSD1 with the cofactor NADP+ and 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one (equilin), an equine estrogen used in estrogen replacement therapy. The ternary complex has been crystallized with a homodimer, the active form of the enzyme, in the asymmetric unit. Structural and kinetic data presented here show that the 17beta-HSD1-catalyzed reduction of E1 to E2 in vitro is specifically inhibited by equilin. The crystal structure determined at 3.0-A resolution reveals that the equilin molecule is bound at the active site in a mode similar to the binding of substrate. The orientation of the 17-keto group with respect to the nicotinamide ring of NADP+ and catalytic residues Tyr-155 and Ser-142 is different from that of E2 in the 17beta-HSD1-E2 complex. The ligand and substrate-entry loop densities are well defined in one subunit. The substrate-entry loop adopts a closed conformation in this subunit. The result demonstrates that binding of equilin at the active site of 17beta-HSD1 is the basis for inhibition of E1-to-E2 reduction by this equine estrogen in vitro. One possible outcome of estrogen replacement therapy in vivo could be reduction of E2 levels in breast tissues and hence the reduced risk of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
Isobaric-Spin-3/2 States and Intermediate Symmetry States in Three-Body Nuclei (1969)

The ground state wave functions of H3 and He3 are constructed separately by explicitly taking account of small charge asymmetry of nuclear forces and the Coulomb force between two protons in the He3 nucleus. Charge independence is assumed for the range parameters of the nuclear force but not for the depth parameters. It is found that: 1) The isospin T = 3/2 admixture in He3 owing to the Coulomb force alone is about 4 ×10-6 in probability. Small violation of charge independence hypothesis in actual nuclear forces (namely, the difference in n-p and p-p) induces the isospin admixture of about 5 ×10-6 in H3 and 2 ×10-5 in He3 if the charge symmetry is assumed. These values are not much dependent on the hard core radius and on exchange character of nuclear forces. 2) The calculated Coulomb energy of He3 (assuming extended protons) suggests that the n-n potential will be stronger than the p-p nuclear potential in the singlet state though no more than 1% for which the isospin admixture in H3 is about 10-6. 3) The polar vector matrix element for the β-decay of H3 is smaller than unity by only of the order 10-4. 4) The S′-state probability increases as the hard core radius increases so that a large difference between the charge form factor of H3 and that of He3 observed in electron scattering experiments is consistent with the hard core radius of 0.4 fm or larger. The conclusions are qualitatively correct even if any “realistic” nuclear force is used.
Ground water transport of hydrophobic organic compounds in the presence of dissolved organic matter (1990)

Abstract The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the transport of hydrophobic organic compounds in soil columns were investigated. Three compounds (naphthalene, phenanthrene and DDT) that spanned three orders of magnitude in water solubility were used. Instead of humic matter, molecularly well-defined DOM represented by Triton X-100, a nonionic industrial detergent, and bovine serum albumin protein were used. In batch isotherm studies, the sorption of naphthalene to both model DOMs appeared to be hydrophobic in nature and quantitatively similar to the binding to humic materials. Equations were derived to model the enhanced transport of organic compounds by DOM based on octanol/water partition coefficients, Kow. For a specific soil and DOM level, it was shown theoretically and experimentally that all organic compounds with Kow values above a specific value should move at the same rate in ground water. In some situations, DOM can increase the movement of highly hydrophobic compounds, such as DDT, by a factor of a thousand or more. This enhanced transport in the presence of DOM can either be a problem, as with ground water contaminant spreading, or a benefit, as with contaminated aquifer cleanup.
Long-term performance of a plant microbial fuel cell with Spartina anglica (2010)

The plant microbial fuel cell is a sustainable and renewable way of electricity production. The plant is integrated in the anode of the microbial fuel cell which consists of a bed of graphite granules. In the anode, organic compounds deposited by plant roots are oxidized by electrochemically active bacteria. In this research, salt marsh species Spartina anglica generated current for up to 119 days in a plant microbial fuel cell. Maximum power production was 100 mW m(-2) geometric anode area, highest reported power output for a plant microbial fuel cell. Cathode overpotential was the main potential loss in the period of oxygen reduction due to slow oxygen reduction kinetics at the cathode. Ferricyanide reduction improved the kinetics at the cathode and increased current generation with a maximum of 254%. In the period of ferricyanide reduction, the main potential loss was transport loss. This research shows potential application of microbial fuel cell technology in salt marshes for bio-energy production with the plant microbial fuel cell.
The phylogenetic position of<i>Dictyoglomus thermophilum</i>based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis (1993)

The phylogenetic position of Dictyoglomus thermophilum has been determined by comparative sequence analysis of in vitro amplified 16S rRNA genes from the type strain as well as from a Dictyoglomus isolate. Results indicate that it forms a deep branch within the phylum of Thermotogales or may even represent its own phylum. It does not contain signature sequences within the 16S rRNA which could relate it to the Thermotogales group.
XAFS Investigation of Mercury Sorption on Carbon-based and Other Sorbent Materials (1999)

The sorption of mercury from simulated coal combustion flue gases on coal-derived chars, activated carbons, and zeolites has been examined using mercury L III XAFS spectroscopy. The energy difference between the two inflection points (IPD) in the mercury XANES spectra has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of the local structure around the mercury adsorbed on the sorbent. The value of the IPD appears to reflect the form of mercury added to the flue gas and to be sensitive to acidic gaseous species such as HCl and H 2 SO 4 that may be present in the flue gas, whether from addition to the flue gas or from the sulfur and chlorine in the coal. The data suggest that well-defined mercury species are not formed on carbon-based sorbents, but rather the structure and chemistry of the sorbed mercury species reflect the different anionic species present in the flue gas, as well as any activating element on the sorbent itself.
Carbon Utilization and Losses by Plant Root Systems (1984)

This chapter emphasizes the partitioning and utilization of photoassimilates by plant root systems. It presents stress-induced modifications of partitioning and some methods for measuring plant root systems. The chapter also emphasizes the adverse effects of anaerobiosis on carbon use by crop plants. An analysis of eight major crops produced in the USA indicated that there is a large unrealized genetic potential for plant yield, especially if these plant types were better adapted to the physiochemical environments in which they are grown. Regardless of the mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to anaerobic stress, it has been reported that roots subjected to these stresses lose more carbon. Carbon losses by flooded root systems appear to be related to the internal and external oxygen content, duration, and frequency of flooding, and the genotype.
1A1-D31 Behavior simulation and experiment of an artistic robot "J^2" (2006)

This paper describes acrobatic behavior simulation and actual experiment of J^2 the artistic robot. J^2 has 4 kinds of actuators for acrobatic motions that are Inertia Actuator, Cam Charger, Hip Joint and Knee Joint. A main objective is to realize somersault motion. The motion is simulated and a result is shown possibility. It is reflected experiment for actual robot. We obtain a possibility of somersault motion and properness of simulation model by comparing simulation and actual experiment.
Engaging Non-Traditional Students in Computer Science through Socially-Inspired Learning and Sustained Mentoring (2015)

This paper describes a new program for attracting non-traditional students into computer science and retaining them through sustained peer and faculty mentoring. The program is centered on socially-inspired learning, - learning in and for a community. It consists of a STEM Incubator course, hands-on projects with real-world applications, a sandbox lab, and a mentoring system that begins in the STEM Incubator course and continues with students who choose to remain involved in projects and courses. Our program is in its second year. Data collected on enrollment and retention and results of student questionnaires show promise for the success and sustainability of the program.
Geometric Correspondence Fields: Learned Differentiable Rendering for 3D\n Pose Refinement in the Wild (2020)

We present a novel 3D pose refinement approach based on differentiable\nrendering for objects of arbitrary categories in the wild. In contrast to\nprevious methods, we make two main contributions: First, instead of comparing\nreal-world images and synthetic renderings in the RGB or mask space, we compare\nthem in a feature space optimized for 3D pose refinement. Second, we introduce\na novel differentiable renderer that learns to approximate the rasterization\nbackward pass from data instead of relying on a hand-crafted algorithm. For\nthis purpose, we predict deep cross-domain correspondences between RGB images\nand 3D model renderings in the form of what we call geometric correspondence\nfields. These correspondence fields serve as pixel-level gradients which are\nanalytically propagated backward through the rendering pipeline to perform a\ngradient-based optimization directly on the 3D pose. In this way, we precisely\nalign 3D models to objects in RGB images which results in significantly\nimproved 3D pose estimates. We evaluate our approach on the challenging Pix3D\ndataset and achieve up to 55% relative improvement compared to state-of-the-art\nrefinement methods in multiple metrics.\n
Robust Output Feedback Model Predictive Control for Constrained Linear Systems under Uncertainty Based on Feed Forward and Positive Invariant Feedback Control (2006)

This paper provides a novel solution to the problem of robust output feedback model predictive control of constrained, linear, discrete-time systems in the presence of additive but bounded state and output disturbances. The overall controller consists of two components, a stable state estimator and a tube based, robustly stabilizing model predictive controller. The proposed robust output-feedback controller requires the on-line solution of a quadratic program, which is only marginally more complex then a standard model predictive control formulation. The closed loop system renders a specified invariant set robustly exponentially stable.
Infrastructures for mixed signals in biology and medicine (2008)

Many medical and biological applications require custom integrated hardware. Infrastructures for the design of CMOS and MEMS hardware allow the education and commercialization at a low cost and in a short time. This paper is reviewing the most recent developments at CMP for the manufacturing of ICs and MEMS. These custom hardware vehicles allow to target many medical and biological applications. Examples are provided through the paper. Such infrastructures may help the Medical and Biological community the same way they helped the Microelectronics community at the time of the VLSI revolution. These applications offer a number of challenges to the MS3T community.
<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>and<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Pneumonia Induce Distinct Metabolic Responses (2009)

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract caused by microbial pathogens. Two such pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, are the most common causes of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia respectively. Each expresses strains highly resistant to penicillin and other antibiotics, and a significant number of people succumb to infection by these pathogens every year. Urinary metabolite changes in a C57Bl/6 mouse model with lung infection from either S. pneumoniae or S. aureus were characterized using multivariate targeted profiling data obtained from (1)H NMR spectra. Marked changes in the urinary metabolite profile occurred within 24 h after infection with either pathogen. Specifically, significant decreases in TCA cycle intermediates, coupled with increases in fucose, creatine, and taurine were observed in the urine of S. pneumoniae-treated mice. Infection with S. aureus resulted in the decrease of a number of urinary metabolites including 1-methylnicotinamide, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, N-isovaleroylglycine and others. Disturbances in gut-derived microbial metabolites were also observed. Analysis of metabolic trajectory data indicated that, as the mice recovered from infection, their urinary metabolic profile became similar to that of the preinfected state. These results underline the potential of metabolomics as a tool for diagnosis, health monitoring, and drug development, and show its usefulness for understanding microbial-host interactions.
Correction: Inhibiting TGF-beta signaling preserves the function of highly activated, in vitro expanded natural killer cells in AML and colon cancer models (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191358.].
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by Oligonucleotide Analogues Directed to the Packaging Signal and <i>Trans</i>-Activating Response Region (2006)

HIV possesses a remarkable capacity for mutational escape from therapeutics that target the viral proteins and enzymes. Inhibitory strategies aimed at highly conserved nucleic acid sequences within the genome are an attractive alternative. However, it has proven difficult to achieve an effective level of therapeutic at the appropriate site within the cell. Oligonucleotide delivery is a rapidly advancing field. We have investigated oligonucleotide analogues as steric-block therapeutics against two highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome. In the study we show that 2'0-methyl/locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides against the packaging signal and trans-activating response regions of HIV can inhibit replication of the virus.
A STUDY OF THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SINTERED FERRITES, USING SINGLE-CRYSTAL DATA (1959)

An indication of the dependence of the magnetic properties of polycrystalline sintered ferrites on the conditions of preparation is given.In the design and understanding of the properties of these materials it is valuable, and sometimes essential, to make use of data obtained from measurements on single crystals. Methods of preparation of ferrite single crystals, namely the Verneuil or flame-fusion method, the Bridgman–Stockbarger method, and the lead oxide flux method, are briefly described.To illustrate the way in which measurements on polycrystalline and single-crystal specimens complement each other in the understanding of the magnetic behaviour of ferrites, an investigation of the properties of a ferrite with a so-called “square” hysteresis loop is discussed.
Perpendicular Recording Performance of Co-Cr Film Prepared by Newly Developed Sputter-deposition. (1995)

Recording and noise properties were studied by using a ring type head for a Co-Cr medium prepared by a new sputtering method at room temperature with a high Ar pressure of 70 Pa. Reproduced waveform for the medium was a dipulse which suggested that a perpendicular recording mode has been realized.The new medium exhibited as a high density response performance as that of a conventionally prepared medium, namely, deposited at a high temperature of 250°C with a low Ar pressure of 0.2 Pa. The noise level of the new medium was lower than that of the conventional one. It is suggested that the low noise properties are attributed to an isolated microstructure of the medium.
Vanadium(V) Oxide – Metal Organic Nanocomposites as Electrochemical Sensing Materials (2010)

This work deals with a new class of vanadium pentoxide nanocomposites containing supramolecular iron or manganese tetrapyridyl porphyrins coordinated to four [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ complexes. Their characterization was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM, AFM, confocal Raman microscopy, electronic spectroscopy and electrochemistry. According to X-ray diffraction, the original VXG lamellar framework was maintained in the nanocomposite material, but the interlamellar distance increased from 11.6 Å to 18.5 Å, reflecting the intercalation of the porphyrin species into the inorganic matrix. The films generated by direct deposition of the nanocomposite aqueous suspensions onto interdigitated gold electrodes exhibited good electrical and electrochemical performance for application in amperometric sensors.