gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing of critical paths for delay faults (2002)

Testing the critical paths in a circuit is essential to cover distributed delay and small delay defects in a manufactured circuit. However, in most circuits, only a small percentage of functionally irredundant critical paths (which can affect the cycle time) are robustly testable. We propose the covering of defects on untestable critical paths by robustly testing the longest testable segments lying on those paths. This method is scalable to large circuits since the task of segment delay fault test generation has complexity similar to path delay fault test generation. Experimental results have been given to demonstrate that significant additional coverage of defects on critical paths can be achieved using this technique.
Psychiatric implications of basic and clinical studies with corticotropin-releasing factor (1984)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a newly sequenced neuropeptide thought to be a principal stimulus to pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) secretion. Evidence obtained from laboratory animals and primates is reviewed which indicates that CRF not only stimulates the pituitary-adrenal axis but also influences several aspects of CNS function which may be of relevance to psychiatric illness. Clinically, experience in administering ovine CRF to more than 150 individuals shows that CRF can be helpful in resolving differential diagnostic dilemmas in patients with various disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and in furthering an understanding of the pathophysiology of conditions such as Cushing's disease and depression.
Induction characteristics of propofol in children: comparison with thiopentone (1988)

The induction characteristics of propofol were studied and compared with thiopentone in children aged 3-14 years who received either no premedication or pethidine-atropine or trimeprazine. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen, and isoflurane. The induction doses of propofol and thiopentone were 2.9 mg/kg and 6.5-7.1 mg/kg respectively; premedication had no significant effect on the induction doses of either agent. Spontaneous movement and hypertonus occurred in about 20% of children with both agents. The use of propofol was associated with a high incidence of pain on injection (injections were mostly in veins on the dorsum of the hand), but this was reduced by mixing lignocaine with propofol. Cardiovascular effects were not clinically significant with either agent. Apnoea occurred in 35% of patients given propofol and in 50% of those given thiopentone. Children anaesthetised with propofol awoke significantly earlier after cessation of all anaesthesia. It is concluded that the use of propofol is safe in children and may have advantages where early recovery from anaesthesia is desirable, but offers no advantage over thiopentone for routine induction of anaesthesia.
Reactivity of vinyl monomers in the copolymerization and terpolymerization with sulfur dioxide (1987)

Abstract The relative reactivities of vinyl monomers in low‐temperature copolymerizations and terpolymerizations with SO 2 in the presence of tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide as initiator were compared. The highest copolymerization rates were found in systems containing an electron‐donor monomer of low resonance stabilization, and the resulting products have an alternating structure. In reactions with monomers of high resonance stabilization and electron‐acceptor properties, mainly homopropagation of the comonomer proceeds. In the terpolymerization of SO 2 with two electron‐donor monomers, the relative reactivity of monomers depends mainly on their resonance stabilization. In the terpolymerization in systems SO 2 /electron‐donor monomer/electron‐acceptor monomer the relative reactivity of acceptor monomers decreases with increasing inductive effect in the molecule.
Antimitotic and Antifungal C‐3/C‐3′′‐Biflavanones from Stellera chamaejasme. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Computer-Assisted DREZ Microcoagulation (1993)

Our data demonstrate that approximately 23-29% of standard dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) microcoagulation procedures fail to relieve pain due to inadequate thermal lesions and that approximately 39% fail due to insufficient superior extent of lesions. The remaining failures are related to inadequate lesion placement, improper selection of patients, and, rarely, posttraumatic spinal deafferentation pain resulting from other non-DREZ mechanisms. Computer-assisted DREZ microcoagulation is a satisfactory procedure to treat intractable posttraumatic spinal deafferentation pain, brachial plexus avulsion pain, and lumbosacral nerve root avulsion pain. In all these conditions we have identified areas of abnormal focal hyperactivity in the DREZ area. Perhaps this procedure can be applied to other central pain conditions if, using this technique, abnormal focal hyperactivity is demonstrated to be present.
Learner-Centered Use of Student Response Systems Improves Performance in Large Class Environments. (2010)

At the college level, students often participate in introductory courses with large class enrollments that tend to produce many challenges to effective teaching and learning. Many teachers are concerned that this class environment fails to accommodate higher-level thinking and learning. I offer a brief rationale for why a student-response system (a computer-assisted polling tool), when well incorporated into lectures, can effectively address the basis of some of these concerns and should improve teaching and learning. An empirical assessment reveals that when used to engage students in lecture, this technology can help many of them achieve higher test scores.
Suppression of bending waves in a beam using resonators with different separation lengths (2016)

This work is concerned with the suppression of a bending wave in a beam using resonators. Particular focus is put on the separation length between resonators. It is demonstrated that, for a beam with identical resonators attached at equal intervals, the bending wave transmission efficiency varies with respect to the separation length. The phenomena and the underlying physics are investigated by resorting to a simple beam model having two resonators resting on it. The two resonators are coupled over the segment through various bending wave components, comprising both propagating waves and evanescent waves, generated at the resonator locations where the beam encounters impedance discontinuities. The separation length, specifying the phase change of the propagating waves and the amplitude decay of the evanescent waves travelling from one resonator to the other, is thereby the parameter determining the extent to which the resonators would be coupled and the degree of the power that is transmitted. Results show, qualitatively, the difference in the working mechanism of the resonators in different separation length regions, with criteria being defined to distinguish those regions. Particularly, in the intermediate separation region, the evanescent waves are shown to play an important role in the coupling and are responsible for transmitting power, comparable with that transmitted by propagating waves, to the far field.
Monoclonal antibody (1116 NS 19‐9) defined monosialoganglioside (GICA) in colorectal carcinoma in relation to stage, histopathology and DNA flow cytometry (1983)

Immunoreactivity of 1116 NS 19-9 monoclonal antibody defined monosialoganglioside (gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen, GICA) has been studied in a series of colorectal carcinoma patients of a multicentre prospective controlled trial in order to assess its correlation with parameters such as localization, stage histopathological characteristics and DNA flow cytometry. GICA could be detected in 60% of the carcinomas, but no correlation was observed between its status of immunoreactivity and any of the parameters studied. It is concluded that, though study of the expression of the monosialganglioside may be worth while in relation to fundamental aspects of behaviour of colorectal carcinomas, the significance of its immunohistochemical detection in a diagnostic or prognostic sense is limited.
强大经济的公式——评《美国当前的日程:恢复经济实力》(科莫竞争力委员会报告,1992年) (1994)

从1987年纽约州州长马里奥·科莫任命第一个美国竞争力问题委员会以来,已经过去六年多了。在这个时期出现了反映实业界、工会、政府和学术界代表人物关于这个问题的观点的两个内容广泛的文件。委员会的第二个报告就是我们要讨论的对象。报告中分析了美国经济现状,提出了由于冷战结束和世界经济竞争加剧所引起的对经济政策的必要修改。众所周知,委员会的分析、结论和建议对大选前的纲领以及后来克林顿总统经济计划的制订产生了重大影响。这个报告的目的最初只是为新政府制订这方面的决策提供帮助。文件中非常清楚地反映出1980年以后里根总统和布什总统领导政府的12年内美国经济增长的消极趋势。在前言
Remote sensing and vegetation study (2002)

Remote Sensing, with its unique characteristics of multi-spatial, multi-temporal, and multispectral resolutions, provides a tool to conduct vegetation study.Remotely sensed data are available in spatial resolution from less than one meter to over a kilometer.The revisit time for a certain study area can be from one day to around one month.Satellite imagery provides information from visible wavelength region to near infrared, middle infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave wavelength regions.Remotely sensed data, as one important data source and with low cost comparing with in-situ measurement, have been used on urban planning, yield prediction, hazard estimation, land use land cover classification, global climate change, and many more.In this paper, two examples of using remotely sensed data to capture information of vegetation from large scale to small scale will be briefly described.
Dispersion of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in Cylindrical Rods (1955)

The velocities of pulsed longitudinal and shear waves in cylindrical rods of aluminum alloy, brass, copper, and steel were measured by using both the pulse echo and pulse transmission methods. It is found that for pulsed longitudinal waves the measured velocity not only depends upon the elastic constants of the medium but also on the ratio between the radius a of the rod and the wavelength λ. When this ratio a/λ is very small the measured velocity approximates the Young's modulus velocity (E/ρ)12. For large values of a/λ the measured velocity approaches the bulk velocity [(l+2μ/ρ]12 where l and μ are the Lamé elastic constants. Where a/λ is in the vicinity of unity, the velocity drops and seems to approach Rayleigh surface wave velocity. This velocity dispersion effect was not observable when pulsed shear wave was used instead of longitudinal waves. A qualitative explanation for the increase of the measured pulse velocity when a/λ is large based on the equations of motion was given.
Robust Misinterpretation of Confidence Intervals (2013)

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is undoubtedly the most common inferential technique used to justify claims in the social sciences. However, even staunch defenders of NHST agree that its outcomes are often misinterpreted. Confidence intervals (CIs) have frequently been proposed as a more useful alternative to NHST, and their use is strongly encouraged in the APA Manual. Nevertheless, little is known about how researchers interpret CIs. In this study, 120 researchers and 442 students—all in the field of psychology—were asked to assess the truth value of six particular statements involving different interpretations of a CI. Although all six statements were false, both researchers and students endorsed, on average, more than three statements, indicating a gross misunderstanding of CIs. Self-declared experience with statistics was not related to researchers’ performance, and, even more surprisingly, researchers hardly outperformed the students, even though the students had not received any education on statistical inference whatsoever. Our findings suggest that many researchers do not know the correct interpretation of a CI. The misunderstandings surrounding p-values and CIs are particularly unfortunate because they constitute the main tools by which psychologists draw conclusions from data.
Laboratory evaluation of heparin therapy (1980)

Plasma heparin levels measured using several different methods showed a wide variation in results. In particular an anti-factor Xa clotting technique gave very much higher results than thrombin clotting time and partial thromboplastin time techniques. This was less marked when a synthetic chromogenic substrate assay was used. Possible reasons for these observations and their relevance in the selection of therapeutic ranges are discussed.
C1q enhances the phagocytosis of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> blastospores by human monocytes. (1988)

We investigated whether C1q, a subunit of the first component of C, could modulate human peripheral blood monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans (CN). Adherence of monocytes to C1q-coated surfaces induced a significant enhancement of ingestion of CN blastospores that had been opsonized with specific anticapsular IgG (IgG-CN). Additionally, C1q enhanced the monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of CN opsonized with C (CN-absorbed, nonimmune, normal human serum; C-CN). Ingestion of IgG- and C-CN by control and C1q-stimulated monocytes was maximal by 1 h of incubation. The monocyte-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis caused by C1q was paralleled by a proportionate increase in fungicidal activity, an effect which was maximal by 3 h of incubation. Human serum albumin-adherent, control monocytes exhibited only a low level of killing after 3 h of incubation. C1q enhancement was blocked by preincubation of the surfaces with a goat, polyclonal F(ab')2 anti-C1q. This study describes a new cellular function for the cell surface C1q receptor: the enhancement of phagocytosis of a pathogenic organism by monocytes.
Corona‐induced autohesion of polyethylene (1971)

Abstract If a low‐density polyethylene sheet is treated in a corona discharge and subsequently pressed to a similarly treated sheet at 45°C, the bond formed is much stronger than that between similarly pressed but untreated sheets. Several series of observations have indicated that this enhanced autohesion is not due to surface oxidation or to surface crosslinking (CASING). Evidence is presented that the effect may be related to some type of electret formation induced in the polymer sheet by the corona discharge.
An Overview on Edge Computing Research (2020)

With the rapid development of the Internet of Everything (IoE), the number of smart devices connected to the Internet is increasing, resulting in large-scale data, which has caused problems such as bandwidth load, slow response speed, poor security, and poor privacy in traditional cloud computing models. Traditional cloud computing is no longer sufficient to support the diverse needs of today's intelligent society for data processing, so edge computing technologies have emerged. It is a new computing paradigm for performing calculations at the edge of the network. Unlike cloud computing, it emphasizes closer to the user and closer to the source of the data. At the edge of the network, it is lightweight for local, small-scale data storage and processing. This article mainly reviews the related research and results of edge computing. First, it summarizes the concept of edge computing and compares it with cloud computing. Then summarize the architecture of edge computing, keyword technology, security and privacy protection, and finally summarize the applications of edge computing.
Mammal repellents: options and considerations for development (1998)

Repellents include chemical substances, visual displays, and sonic and ultrasonic deterrent systems. The use of electric shock also can be considered as a repellent category. Each of these categories is discussed, together with their respective utilities, constraints on their usefulness, and possibilities for future development. Economic considerations that may impede or expedite the development of new strategies are presented. Repellent effectiveness depends upon a complex of variables, including the palatability of protected and alternative foods, weather conditions, and the number of animals causing problems. Invariably, repellents are most useful when used as components of integrated pest management strategies.
Improvement of the capacitive performances for Co–Al layered double hydroxide by adding hexacyanoferrate into the electrolyte (2009)

This paper reports on the improvement on the capacitive properties of Co-Al layered double hydroxide (Co-Al LDH) by adding hexacyanoferrate(II) and (III) solely or jointly into 1 M KOH aqueous solution. Owing to the high reversibility, the Fe(CN)(6)(3-)/Fe(CN)(6)(4-) ion pair acts as an electron relay at the electrode/electrolyte interface during charge and discharge by coupling in the redox transition of Co(II)/Co(III) in the Co-Al LDH electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra and Tafel curves provide direct evidences with decreased charge-transfer resistance and increased exchange current density in the alkaline solution containing hexacyanoferrate ions, respectively.
The application of a panorama image database management systems (PIDMS) for information integration on construction sites (2006)

This study developed a panorama image database management system (PIDMS) to manage construction-related records. A set of panorama cameras was used to record panorama images and videos for the inspection and management of working schedule, manpower, materials, or machinery. Users can log in as construction site managers, contractors, general users, designers, draftspersons, or system managers through a browsing interface. The system is made according to functions, such as real-time monitoring, image labelling, working drawing browsing, video indexing, and construction recording. Three levels of application were developed.
LIVE IMAGING OF XIAO-AI-PING-INDUCED CELL DEATH IN HUMAN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS (2008)

Xiao-Ai-Ping (XAP), a traditional oriental medicinal herb isolated from the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn., has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In this study, we used confocal fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques to study the molecular mechanism of XAP-induced apoptosis in single living human lung adenocarcinoma (ASTC-a-1) cells. The efficacious apoptosis was observed at 6 h after of 100 μl XAP treatment. Further monitoring the dynamics of caspase-3 activation using FRET imaging in single living ASTC-a-1 cell expressing stably with SCAT3, a FRET probe, showed that XAP activated the caspase-3 at about 2 h after XAP treatment. These data suggest that caspase-3 activation was involved in the XAP-induced apoptosis in ASTC-a-1 cells.
Medium-power, high-speed N-P-N germanium alloy transistors (1957)

A Bell System application requires a complementary pair of medium-power, high-speed switching transistors which, among other requirements, must show an alpha cutoff frequency of greater than four megacycles/second and electrical punch-through voltage of twenty-five volts minimum. Units have been designed and produced which exhibit median values of these parameters of seven megacycles/second and seventy volts, respectively.
Generator maintenance scheduling of electric power systems using genetic algorithms with integer representation (1997)

The effective maintenance scheduling of power system generators is very important to a power utility for the economical and reliable operation of a power system. Many mathematical methods have been implemented for generator maintenance scheduling (GMS). However, these methods have many limitations and require many approximations. Here a Genetic Algorithm is proposed for GMS problems in order to overcome some of the limitations of the conventional methods. This paper formulates a general GMS problem using a reliability criterion as an integer programming problem, and demonstrates the use of GAs with three different problem encodings: binary, binary for integer and integer. The GA performances for each of these representations are analysed and compared for a test problem based on a practical power system scenario. The effects of different GA parameters are also studied. The results show that the integer GA is a very effective method for GMS problems.
Polymer brushes for molecular transport (2005)

Polymer brushes and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used as solid-state, 2-dimensional transport media to confine molecular diffusion. Microcontact printing and photolithography combined with surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are the major techniques to construct patterned polymer brushes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is used to determine diffusion coefficients of fluorescent dye, Prodan, in the polymer brushes and SAMs. Similar diffusion coefficients of Prodan are found for the SAMs formed by chlorotrimethyl silane (CTS) and silanated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). No fluorescence recovery is observed on the octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAM or on the clean silica surface. Patterned poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brushes were fabricated on silica substrates by surface-initiated ATRP of N-isopropylacrylamide from a micropatterned initiator. Variable temperature ellipsometry indicated that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrated PNIPAAm brush was broad, occurring over the range of 20-35 °C. FRAP results of Prodan in PNIPAAm layers indicate that bulk translational diffusion is very slow relative to other diffusion mechanisms.
Structure and Biosynthesis of Amphidinol 17, a Hemolytic Compound from <i>Amphidinium carterae</i> (2010)

Amphidinol 17 (AM17; 1), a novel amphidinol, has been isolated from a Bahamas strain of Amphidinium carterae. This new congener contains the signature hairpin region and a Delta(6) polyene arm, whereas the polyol arm is distinct from those of other amphidinols. The pattern of acetate incorporation in 1 was directly determined by feeding a single labeled substrate, [2-(13)C]acetate. While the highly conserved regions within the amphidinol family of AM17 have exhibited identical occurrences of cleaved acetates to other amphidinols for which the biosynthesis has been explored, the polyol arm for AM17 displays a higher degree of nascent chain processing that shows similarities to amphidinolide biosynthesis. AM17 exhibited an EC(50) of 4.9 microM in a hemolytic assay using human red blood cells but displayed no detectable antifungal activity.
Probing Flowers' Genetic Past (1996)

The discovery of a gene that controls both ovule development and the timing of flower formation in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana may provide a genetic clue to the origins and evolution of flowering plants.
Sensor network nodes deployment based on Artificial Potential Functions (2008)

With the rapid development of detecting technology, sensors have been more and more applied in this area. In this paper an algorithm is proposed for sensor network nodes deployment based on artificial potential functions. First, sensor network nodes are initialized to fulfill the completeness with no regard for optimization. Then, according to a series of principles, they are adjusted to achieve the aims of guaranteeing the completeness of information for each road, the complete communication coverage and the lowest costs on the sensor devices deployment as well. In addition, with some experiments, the proposed algorithm is proved to be more suitable for a dense road network than for a sparse one. In order to improve the algorithm and solve some possible problems, some long-distance sensor nodes have been deployed in certain places and division of sensor nodes have been done to those heavy-load nodes.
Defective Paneth Cell—Mediated Host Defense in Pediatric Ileal Crohn's Disease (2009)

In this study, we describe a specific decrease in HD-5 and TCF-4 mRNA expression levels in children with ileal CD. In the small intestine, this decrease was independent of current inflammation, whereas inflammation seems to induce Paneth cell metaplasia in the colon. Our data extend the hypothesis of an important role of antimicrobial host defense in pediatric CD patients.