gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repairs to a Fibreglass Outfall Diffuser In Hawke Bay, New Zealand - a Co-operative Approach (1993)

During an annual diving inspection of a fibreglass sewer outfall diffuser pipe situated 25 kms off-shore in Hawke Bay, New Zealand, two major circumferential breaks were discovered. The breaks were spaced about 150 metres apart, one of which was quite close to the seaward end of the 300 m long diffuser. Subsequently, prolonged periods of indecent weather were experienced which caused the damage to worsen. This created major difficulties in assessing the extent of damage and specifying the repair work for tender, as the pipe sections in the vicinity of the breaks were vulnerable to damage from wave forces. This paper describes the various design assumptions which were made when the outfall and diffuser were initially constructed in 1980. It then discusses the use of a target estimate contract which enabled the preferred Contractor to enter into a form of partnership with the Principal to ensure the repairs were carried out effectively and at an affordable cost. One of the main constraints during the repairs was the need to continue the use of the diffuser for the discharge of effluent throughout the contract. The methods used to manipulate flows, and isolate parts of the diffuser are also described.
Case study: a smart water grid in Singapore (2012)

As aging water distribution infrastructures encounter failures with increasing frequency, there is a real need for integrated, on-line decision-support systems based on continuous in-network monitoring of hydraulic and water quality parameters. Such systems will form the basis of a Smart Water Grid, allowing water utilities to improve optimization of system operation, manage leakage control more effectively, and reduce the duration and disruption of repairs and maintenance. WaterWiSe is an integrated, end-to-end platform for real-time monitoring of water distribution systems that addresses these needs. This paper describes how WaterWiSe's sensing and software platforms have helped improve the operational efficiency of the water supply system in downtown Singapore.
Can We “Cultivate” Erucic Acid in Southern Europe? (2006)

Over the last fifteen years, considerable progress has been made in the field of “green chemistry”, as regards both research aspects and market development. In particular, extraction of erucic acid (C22:1) from plants and its industrial applications have received increasing attention. At present, known species producing oils yielding large quantities of erucic acid belong, with few exceptions, to the Brassicaceae family. Among these, the two major sources of erucic acid in the world are HEAR (High Erucic Acid Rapeseed, Brassica napus var. oleifera) and crambe (Crambe abyssinica), both mainly cultivated in the USA. Their cultivation has also recently been considered and extended to southern Europe, supported by specific research projects. The quantity of erucic acid in Brassicaceae oils ranges greatly, from 55% in Crambe abyssinica to nearly zero in some varieties of Brassica napus var. oleifera. Even more differentiated and peculiar to each species and variety is adaptability to specific climatic and soil conditions. In this regard, the major limitation to the cultivation of some interesting Brassicaceae species, crambe in particular, is their poor tolerance to cold. Among Brassicaceae producing erucic acid, the less frequently cultivated species, such as Brassica juncea and B. carinata, if grown in areas with relatively mild winters, may give yields of seed and oil similar to those of the most productive rapeseed genotypes. Within this framework, in order to achieve high production of erucic acid, it is essential to identify the most productive genotypes, among available species, for each environment. In this report, seed and oil productions of some important Brassicaceae species for extraction of erucic acid, derived from 15 years of field trials in northern Italy, are discussed in relation to the possibility of autumn or spring sowing.
DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide, and often causes cirrhosis and liver cancer. Current therapy for hepatitis C is expensive and generally effective in less than 50% of cases. This review illustrates advances in the field of DNA vaccination against HCV by describing the most significant recent studies. Data obtained after immunization of different animal models with naked or formulated plasmid DNA encoding HCV structural and non-structural proteins will be analyzed. Encouraging results based on the co-expression of DNA vaccines with cytokines and DNA prime/recombinant live vectors or protein/boost regimens will also be discussed. Immunogenicity enhancement should lead to clinical trials and, hopefully, registration of DNA vaccines for the treatment of HCV infection.
Heparin Induces Harmless Fibril Formation in Amyloidogenic W7FW14F Apomyoglobin and Amyloid Aggregation in Wild-Type Protein In Vitro (2011)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are frequently associated with amyloid deposits in most amyloid diseases, and there is evidence to support their active role in amyloid fibril formation. The purpose of this study was to obtain structural insight into GAG-protein interactions and to better elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of GAGs on the amyloid aggregation process and on the related cytotoxicity. To this aim, using Fourier transform infrared and circular diochroism spectroscopy, electron microscopy and thioflavin fluorescence dye we examined the effect of heparin and other GAGs on the fibrillogenesis and cytotoxicity of aggregates formed by the amyloidogenic W7FW14 apomyoglobin mutant. Although this protein is unrelated to human disease, it is a suitable model for in vitro studies because it forms amyloid-like fibrils under physiological conditions of pH and temperature. Heparin strongly stimulated aggregation into amyloid fibrils, thereby abolishing the lag-phase normally detected following the kinetics of the process, and increasing the yield of fibrils. Moreover, the protein aggregates were harmless when assayed for cytotoxicity in vitro. Neutral or positive compounds did not affect the aggregation rate, and the early aggregates were highly cytotoxic. The surprising result that heparin induced amyloid fibril formation in wild-type apomyoglobin and in the partially folded intermediate state of the mutant, i.e., proteins that normally do not show any tendency to aggregate, suggested that the interaction of heparin with apomyoglobin is highly specific because of the presence, in protein turn regions, of consensus sequences consisting of alternating basic and non-basic residues that are capable of binding heparin molecules. Our data suggest that GAGs play a dual role in amyloidosis, namely, they promote beneficial fibril formation, but they also function as pathological chaperones by inducing amyloid aggregation.
Group 4 Salalen Complexes and Their Application for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of <i>rac</i>-Lactide (2010)

In this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of a series of unsymmetrical group 4 metal complexes based on ONNO salalen-type ligands. In these examples, the ligand is unsymmetrical with an amine and an imine nitrogen center. All complexes {except Hf(3)(O(i)Pr)(2)} adopt a beta-cis configuration in the solid state, which is also in agreement with solution-state NMR spectroscopic measurements. The complexes have been tested for the ROP of rac-lactide (both in solution and under melt conditions). Narrow polydispersities have been seen (1.07-1.82). The Ti(IV) complexes produce atactic PLA, whereas the Zr(IV) complexes form PLA with a heterotactic bias. Hf(IV) complexes have been shown to produce isotactic PLA with a P(m) of 0.75. The kinetics for all initiators have been investigated and are discussed.
Liposomes containing paramagnetic macromolecules as MRI contrast agents (1986)

The use of paramagnetic ions, bound to macromolecules and trapped in liposomes, as MRI contrast agents is suggested. As an example, the system of Mn2+ bound to serum proteins was tested. The binding of the metal ions to the macromolecules enhances their relaxation and at the same time decreases their rate of diffusion out of the liposomes. The use of liposomes is expected to reduce the potential toxicity of the paramagnetic ions and allows their targeting toward specific tissues.
Treatment Methods for Wine-Related and Distillery Wastewaters: A Review (2008)

ABSTRACT A large and increasing volume of wastewater is produced globally by the winery and distillery industries. These wastewaters are generally acidic, high in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, and may contain phenolic compounds that can inhibit biological treatment systems. Treatment of distillery and phenolic compound–rich wastewaters by physicochemical, aerobic biological systems and hybrid treatment methods are discussed, as well as products derived from fungal treatment. White-rot fungi have been shown to exhibit unique biodegradation capabilities, primarily due to their production of extracellular and broad substrate range enzymes that are capable of mineralizing lignin, a recalcitrant biopolymer. One of these enzymes, laccase, catalyses the oxidation of various organic compounds with the subsequent reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccase synthesis, induction, and inhibition are discussed with the utilization of waste residues for laccase production and the enzyme's potential industrial applications. Distillery wastewaters offer a unique, presterilized, potential growth substrate for the production of lignolytic enzymes such as laccase. Compounds may be utilized for enzyme and biomass production resulting in remediation by the growing fungus.
Tolerance of Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) to Diclosulam<sup>1</sup> (2003)

Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate the tolerance of imidazolinone-resistant (IR) and non-IR corn cultivars to preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) treatments of diclosulam. Crop injury was evaluated early- (5 to 6 wk after planting [WAP]), mid- (10 to 11 WAP), and late-season (13 to 15 WAP). Early-season injury of IR corn was no more than 12% in systems that included diclosulam PRE or POST at 18, 27, or 36 g ai/ha. Early-season injury of non-IR corn ranged from 85 to 89% in systems that included diclosulam PRE at any rate. At the mid-season evaluation, crop injury to IR corn was 1% or less. Non-IR corn was injured 73 to 94% in systems that included diclosulam PRE, while systems that included diclosulam POST caused 45 to 58% injury at mid-season. At the late-season evaluation, non-IR corn was injured 56, 88, and 96% with diclosulam PRE at 18, 27, and 36 g/ha, respectively, whereas systems that included diclosulam POST had 11 to 14% injury. Injury to IR corn from diclosulam PRE or POST was not apparent at the late-season evaluation. Weed-free yield of IR corn treated with diclosulam was 6,490 to 6,850 kg/ha and was equivalent to or better than yield from IR corn treated only with atrazine plus metolachlor PRE. Yield from non-IR corn treated with any diclosulam-containing system did not exceed 3,770 kg/ha.Nomenclature: Atrazine; diclosulam; metolachlor; corn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3242’, ‘Pioneer 3223’.Additional index words: Crop injury, crop tolerance, discoloration, stand reduction, stunting.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase [EC 4.1.3.18]; IR, imidazolinone-resistant; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAP, weeks after planting.
Painful Heel Syndrome: Results of Nonoperative Treatment (1994)

One hundred five patients (70% female and 30% male; average age, 48 years) with 132 symptomatic heels were treated according to a standard nonoperative protocol and then reviewed at an average follow-up of 29 months. The treatment protocol consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, relative rest, viscoelastic polymer heel cushions, Achilles tendon stretching exercises, and, occasionally, injections. Obesity, lifestyle (athletic versus sedentary), sex, and presence or size of heel spur did not influence the treatment outcome. Ninety-four patients (89.5%) had resolution of heel pain within 10.9 months. Six patients (5.7%) continued to have significant pain, but did not elect to have operative treatment, and five patients (4.8%) elected to have surgical intervention. Despite attention to the outcome of surgical treatment for heel pain in the current literature, initial treatment for heel pain is nonoperative. The treatment protocol used in this study was successful for 89.5% of the patients.
Effects on Anti-Static Additives on Aircraft Capacitance Fuel Gaging Systems. (1980)

The effects of increasing the electrical conductivity of JP-4 and Jet A jet fuels on aircraft capacitance fuel guaging systems were determined. Fuel tank capacitance probes from the KC-135, A-7, F-15, and F-16 aircraft were tested in JP-4 and Jet A fuels having electrical conductivities ranging from less than 20 pS/m to 5,000 pS/m. Additives ASA-3 (Shell Chemical Company) and Stadis 450 (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company) were used to increase the conductivity of the fuel. The fuel tank capacitance guaging system parameters of accuracy, sensitivity, speed of response, and High Z null voltage were measured. The F-15 and the F-16 systems were unaffected by fuel conductivities up to 5,000 pS/m. The A-7 and KC-135 systems indicated negligible effects at fuel conductivities up to 500 pS/m, and increasing system degradation at higher conductivity levels. (Author)
Electricity generation from petrochemical wastewater using a membrane-less single chamber microbial fuel cell (2012)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a new method for simultaneous wastewater treatment and biological electricity generation. In this study, petrochemical wastewater with 8000 mg/l of chemical oxygen demand was examined in a membrane-less single chamber MFC. Effects of wastewater concentration as substrate for microbial oxidation, and anode material (stainless steel or carbon brush) were investigated as designing parameters.
Couple et handicap (2006)

Le handicap transforme la vie du couple et de la famille. La surcharge psychique qu’il implique pour tous les membres de celle-ci et les défenses mises en place révèlent les fragilités du couple et rendent nécessaires un travail d’élaboration, principalement de certaines collusions sur lesquelles s’était construit le couple. La régression de fonctionnement que le traumatisme provoque peut amener le thérapeute à se demander si ce fonctionnement révèle la structure du couple ou s’il est une défense. Ce fut en tout cas l’hypothèse qui a soutenu le travail clinique dans le cas présenté.
Formulations and Quality Control in Polyurethane Propellants (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormulations and Quality Control in Polyurethane PropellantsHarold MarshCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 9, 768–771Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50609a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50609a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nonheritable resistance to chloramphenicol and other antibiotics induced by salicylates and other chemotactic repellents in Escherichia coli K-12. (1985)

Phenotypic resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin was induced in sensitive Escherichia coli K-12 strains during incubation with the following substances: acetate, acetylsalicylate (aspirin), benzoate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and salicylate. In addition, acetyl-salicylate and salicylate induced resistance to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The induction of resistance was highly efficient but varied somewhat with the strain and inducer used. In the presence of inducers, from 10% to 100% of the cells formed colonies on antibiotic media, an increase of 10- to 1000-fold over the controls without inducer. After growth in the absence of these inducers, the cells were normally sensitive to the antibiotics. Thus, the resistance was not due to a heritable change. These inducers also increased the level of chloramphenicol resistance of a strain carrying cat (whose gene product inactivates chloramphenicol by acetylation). All of the inducers are chemotactic repellents for E. coli, and they are detected by the tsr gene product (with the possible exceptions of dimethyl sulfoxide and methylpyrrolidinone, whose modes of detection are not known). Nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate, repellents that are detected by the tar gene product, neither promoted resistance to chloramphenicol nor prevented the induction of resistance by acetylsalicylate. Since several of the inducers are present in common drugs or foods, it may be of medical importance to evaluate their effects on antibiotic therapies.
3-D matrix nano-wire transistor fabrication on silicon substrate (2010)

A simple top down method to fabricate an array of vertically stacked nanowires is presented. By taking advantage of the non-uniformity of the Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching process to form a scalloped sidewall followed by a subsequent stress limited oxidation step, a narrow silicon fin can be vertically patterned to form stacked nanowires with different cross-sectional shapes. The stacked nanowires have been used to fabricated Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs that show excellent characteristics.
Experimental and Clinical Utilization of a Prosthesis for Replacement of the Trachea (1958)

Successful resection of cervical tracheostenosis with primary repair was reported in 1884 by Colley.<sup>1</sup>Experimental resection and reconstruction of the trachea were also mentioned. In 1940, or 56 years later, renewed interest in partial circumferential (window excision) tracheal replacement was initiated by the investigations of Taffel.<sup>2</sup>Shortly thereafter, experimental efforts were directed toward replacement of tubular tracheal defects.<sup>3,4</sup>A combination of developments was probably responsible for this interest. In addition to the increasing use of endotracheal anesthesia for intrathoracic procedures, there occurred a realization by some pathologists and surgeons that the group of primary tracheobronchial neoplasms variously termed carcinoid tumors, bronchial adenomas, or salivary gland tumors of the trachea were in fact slowly invasive, malignant neoplasms. The first reported successful tubular excision and prosthetic replacement of the human trachea was carried out in such an instance by Belsey<sup>5</sup>in 1945. The patient had been subjected to a window-type excision of
Functional foods and the satiety cascade (2008)

Summary The ‘satiety cascade’ describes a series of behavioural and physiological events that occur following food intake and that inhibit further eating until the return of hunger signals. Satiety is a crucial element of the psycho‐physiological mechanisms that allow adequate energy regulation and bodyweight control. Functional foods can affect satiety by acting at various moments of the satiety cascade. The present paper briefly describes recent concepts and findings about how certain characteristics of foods could enhance the intensity and duration of satiety, with potential impact on bodyweight control. The notions of energy content and energy density, glycaemic index, and the influence of nutrient and food components on satiety will be discussed, in the context of the present interest in functional foods acting on satiety.
CMOS wideband amplifiers using multiple inductive-series peaking technique (2005)

This work presents the technique of multiple inductive-series peaking to mitigate the deteriorated parasitic capacitance in CMOS technology. Employing multiple inductive-series peaking technique, a 10-Gb/s optical transimpedance amplifier (TIA) has been implemented in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The 10-Gb/s optical CMOS TIA, which accommodates a PD capacitor of 250 fF, achieves the gain of 61 dB/spl Omega/ and 3-dB frequency of 7.2 GHz. The noise measurement shows the average noise current of 8.2 pA//spl radic/Hz with power consumption of 70 mW.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for antioxidant and agronomically important traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (2011)

Tomato is one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable crops worldwide. Plant breeders have usually focused on improvement of horticulturally important traits such as yield, fruit size, shape and colour. With increased attention on human health, however, plant breeders also consider the improvement of health-related traits of fruits and vegetables such as antioxidant characters. In the present study, genes controlling both health-related and horticulturally important traits were mapped in the tomato genome using 152 Lycopersicon hirsutum BC_2F_2 individuals. For this aim, all plants were phenotypically and genotypically characterised and a total of 75 QTLs were identified for all traits. Of the 75 QTLs, 28 were identified for 5 antioxidant traits including total water soluble antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and lycopene contents, and 47 QTLs were identified for 8 agronomic traits including fruit weight, external and internal fruit colour, fruit firmness, fruit shape, stem scar size, locule number, and wall thickness. Markers linked with these QTLs can be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) for improvement of elite tomato lines.
Focus on antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant strategies in smoking related airway diseases (2005)

Cigarette smoke causes significant oxidant stress which is further enhanced by recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells to the lung. Polymorphisms in some detoxification enzymes are thought to increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the ultimate role of genetic variability in antioxidant and/or detoxification enzymes in COPD remains obscure. Some antioxidant enzymes are inducted, but the extent of induction is insufficient to protect the lung/alveolar epithelium against cigarette smoke. Exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins do not seem to protect against cigarette smoke related lung injury. Glutathione related synthetic drugs such as N-acetylcysteine have shown some benefits, but they may have pro-oxidant side effects. Synthetic compounds with superoxide dismutase and catalase activities have shown promising results in animal models against a variety of oxidant exposures including cigarette smoke in the lung. These results are in agreement with studies highlighting the importance of alveolar antioxidant protection mechanisms in oxidant stress and their inducibility. These new drugs need to be tested in cigarette smoking related lung injury/inflammation since inflammation/oxidant stress can continue after discontinuation of smoking.