gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of analytical model for sodium pool combustion. (1985)

An analytical model for sodium pool combustion has been developed and verified by experiments. The model can be used to analyze sodium fire accidents in LMFBRs. It features a layer of sodium vapor between the flame and the sodium pool surface which functions to resist heat transfer. Results obtained with the model show: combustion rate increases with oxygen concentration, sodium pool temperature and gas pressure, but it decreases with in-creases in gas temperature. Calculated combustion rates agree within 15% of the experimental results.
CD26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cancer and Immune Disorders (2007)

CD26 is a 110 kDa surface glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity that is expressed on numerous cell types and has a multitude of biological functions. An important aspect of CD26 biology is its peptidase activity and its functional and physical association with molecules with key roles in various cellular pathways and biological programs. CD26 role in immune regulation has been extensively characterized, with recent findings elucidating its linkage with signaling pathways and structures involved in T-lymphocyte activation as well as antigen presenting cell-T-cell interaction. Recent work also suggests that CD26 has a significant role in tumor biology, being both a marker of disease behavior clinically as well as playing an important role in tumor pathogenesis and development. In this paper, we will review emerging data that suggest CD26 may be an appropriate therapeutic target for the treatment of selected neoplasms and immune disorders. Through the use of various experimental approaches and agents to influence CD26/DPPIV expression and activity, such as anti-CD26 antibodies, CD26/DPPIV chemical inhibitors, siRNAs to inhibit CD26 expression, overexpressing CD26 transfectants and soluble CD26 molecules, our group has shown that CD26 interacts with structures with essential cellular functions. Its association with such key molecules as topoisomerase IIalpha, p38 MAPK, and integrin beta1, has important clinical implications, including its potential ability to regulate tumor sensitivity to selected chemotherapies and to influence tumor migration/metastases and tumorigenesis. Importantly, our recent in vitro and in vivo data support the hypothesis that CD26 may indeed be an appropriate target for therapy for selected cancers and immune disorders.
FRACTURE OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR AFTER SURFACE ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP (2004)

It is important to avoid or at least minimize notching of the femoral neck by performing the cylindrical reaming at the recommended angle of 140 degrees and to stop reaming before the reamer touches the lateral cortex. Osteophytes should be removed judiciously only if there is notable impingement when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees and internally rotated. We believe that understanding the factors that contribute to femoral neck fracture after surface arthroplasty may reduce the prevalence of this mode of failure.
New Generation Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Amide‐Based Small‐Molecules with Nonconjugated Backbones (2018)

Abstract State‐of‐the‐art perovskite‐based solar cells employ expensive, organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) such as Spiro‐OMeTAD that, in turn, limits the commercialization of this promising technology. Herein an HTM (EDOT‐Amide‐TPA) is reported in which a functional amide‐based backbone is introduced, which allows this material to be synthesized in a simple condensation reaction with an estimated cost of <$5 g −1 . When employed in perovskite solar cells, EDOT‐Amide‐TPA demonstrates stabilized power conversion efficiencies up to 20.0% and reproducibly outperforms Spiro‐OMeTAD in direct comparisons. Time resolved microwave conductivity measurements indicate that the observed improvement originates from a faster hole injection rate from the perovskite to EDOT‐Amide‐TPA. Additionally, the devices exhibit an improved lifetime, which is assigned to the coordination of the amide bond to the Li‐additive, offering a novel strategy to hamper the migration of additives. It is shown that, despite the lack of a conjugated backbone, the amide‐based HTM can outperform state‐of‐the‐art HTMs at a fraction of the cost, thereby providing a novel set of design strategies to develop new, low‐cost HTMs.
Vergleichende untersuchungen zur wehrchemie und drüsenmorphologie abdominaler abwehrdrüsen von kurzflüglern aus dem subtribus philonthina (coleoptera, staphylinidae) / Comparative investigations on defensive chemistry and gland morphology of abdominal defensive glands from rove beetles of the subtribe philonthina (coleoptera, staphylinidae) (1983)

Within the rove beetle subtribe Philonthina (Staphylinidae) there are found paired abdominal defensive glands which show a bipartition and are characterized by an unique, evaginable evaporation tissue which is described for the first time. The gland chemistry is found to be characterized by at least 27 compounds. The main component is represented by the alkaloid actinidine, minor components are iridodial, three possible monoterpenoid iridodial precursors, an octadecenole and two series o f hydrocarbons and acetates which are partly branched and unsaturated. It could be shown, that the separated gland of the evaporation tissue, whose evagination was studied, has no different synthetic abilities as compared with the main gland system. Chemotaxonomic results according to Hennig’s principle reveal an isolated position of the rove beetle tribe Quediini within the subfamilies X antholininae and Staphylininae. The morphologically unique defensive gland of the Xantholininae may be homologized with other abdominal glands of the Staphylinina and Philonthina, based on the common presence of iridoid defensive components
Notes (1926)

E. S. Hedges, F. Bell, J. Kenyon, K. E. Cooper, E. H. Ingold, L. J. Burrage, M. F. Aitken, T. H. Reade, M. Holmes and J. P. McHutchison, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 1892 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262901892
Resolution of organic racemates via host-guest enantioselective inclusion complexation in bile acid derivatives (2006)

We describe the utilization of bile acids as hosts for molecular recognition and enantioselective enclathration during recent years in our laboratories. The optical resolution of different classes of organic derivatives, i.e., sulfoxides, epoxides, ketones, cyclic amides, has been obtained by hostguest enantioselective inclusion complexation. The salient aspects of the process, including Xray results, are discussed.
Micro/nanoscale bonding and surface glass transition temperature of polymers under carbon dioxide (2004)

Studies of polymer thin films revealed that properties of polymers at the surface are different from those in the bulk. The most striking among these properties is the glass transition temperature, Tg. In this study, the surface Tg of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) under carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was evaluated by embedding gold nanoparticles onto PLGA surfaces. The Tg profiles at the surface were determined by measuring the apparent height of embedded nanoparticles using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that CO 2 could greatly depress the Tg near the surface. Using this idea, we demonstrated near room temperature bonding of polymers at a length scale as small as 3.9 μm. This CO 2 bonding technique was successfully applied to seal polystyrene-based microfluidic chips and construct three-dimensional (3D) PLGA tissue scaffolds with well-defined structure.
Structure of the disilene ground state: singlet silylsilylene (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of the disilene ground state: singlet silylsilyleneLawrence C. Snyder and Zelda R. WassermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 18, 5222–5223Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00512a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00512a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene transfer into hematopoietic cells: progress, problems and prospects. (1998)

Gene therapy is the introduction of genetic material into somatic cells in order to correct a genetic defect or provide a new therapeutic function. Among the numerous potential cellular targets for gene therapy, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) may be viewed as one of the best candidates for such genetic modification. More than 250 clinical gene transfer protocols have been reported from around the world, and almost one in three involves manipulation of hematopoietic cells. The introduction of a new gene into the DNA of HSC and expression of the gene product in their progeny are exciting approaches to treatment of congenital and acquired diseases. Although it has been shown that hematopoietic progenitor cells, or even LTC-IC, can be easily transduced with high efficiency by retroviral vectors in vitro, and that long-term expression and high transduction can be obtained in mice after transplantation of the gene manipulated cells, this has not been observed in primate models or in human clinical trials. The reason for this discrepancy is not properly known. The major problems of gene therapy for cancer have been transduction rate, selectivity, and effectiveness due to the heterogeneity of genetic alterations found in human tumors. Overcoming these limitations in gene therapy requires not only improvement in cell biology and immunology, but also development of better delivery systems. Nevertheless, gene therapy is still promising and offers encouragement for future applications in clinical practice.
The R262K Substitution Combined with H51Y in HIV-1 Subtype B Integrase Confers Low-Level Resistance against Dolutegravir (2014)

Clinical studies have shown that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) can be used effectively against HIV-1 infection. To date, no resistance substitution has been found in INSTI-naive patients treated with the new integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG). In a recent selection study with DTG, using a virus bearing the H51Y substitution in integrase, the emergence of an R to K substitution at position 262 (R262K) was observed. We characterized this double mutant with respect to integrase strand transfer activity and susceptibility to DTG both biochemically and in tissue culture. We showed that the addition of R262K to H51Y decreased recombinant integrase strand transfer activity but improved integrase DNA-binding affinity, compared to wild-type or H51Y-containing enzymes. The defect in strand transfer activity did not translate into a decrease in HIV-1 infectivity. The combination of H51Y and R262K substitutions slightly decreased susceptibility to DTG (fold change = 1.87) in cell-based resistance assays. Although viral replication was not affected and enzyme efficiency was impaired by the addition of R262K to H51Y, there was an overall increase in the level of biochemical drug resistance against DTG. Our findings suggest that the R at position 262 plays an important role in DNA binding.
What's new: Immunotoxins (1986)

Abstract Immunotoxins are hybrid molecules formed by coupling antibody molecules to powerful toxins of plant or bacterial origin. In experimental systems, immunotoxins have been found to kill cancer cells with great potency and specificity. This article reviews the current status of immunotoxins and some of the problems that have to be overcome before they can be used to treat human malignant disease.
Sub-pixel analysis to support graphic security after scanning at low resolution (2006)

Whether in the domain of audio, video or finance, our world tends to become increasingly digital. However, for diverse reasons, the transition from analog to digital is often much extended in time, and proceeds by long steps (and sometimes never completes). One such step is the conversion of information on analog media to digital information. We focus in this paper on the conversion (scanning) of printed documents to digital images. Analog media have the advantage over digital channels that they can harbor much imperceptible information that can be used for fraud detection and forensic purposes. But this secondary information usually fails to be retrieved during the conversion step. This is particularly relevant since the Check-21 act (Check Clearing for the 21st Century act) became effective in 2004 and allows images of checks to be handled by banks as usual paper checks. We use here this situation of check scanning as our primary benchmark for graphic security features after scanning. We will first present a quick review of the most common graphic security features currently found on checks, with their specific purpose, qualities and disadvantages, and we demonstrate their poor survivability after scanning in the average scanning conditions expected from the Check-21 Act. We will then present a novel method of measurement of distances between and rotations of line elements in a scanned image: Based on an appropriate print model, we refine direct measurements to an accuracy beyond the size of a scanning pixel, so we can then determine expected distances, periodicity, sharpness and print quality of known characters, symbols and other graphic elements in a document image. Finally we will apply our method to fraud detection of documents after gray-scale scanning at 300dpi resolution. We show in particular that alterations on legitimate checks or copies of checks can be successfully detected by measuring with sub-pixel accuracy the irregularities inherently introduced by the illegitimate process.
Green Tea Supplementation: Current Research, Literature Gaps, and Product Safety (2013)

Green Tea Supplementation: Current Research, Literature Gaps, and Product Safety
This review broadly addresses the impacts of green tea (GT) and its extracts in a number of clinically-important areas, as listed below. It focuses on the available human research, and randomized, controlled trials, where possible. GT’s effects are not well established, due to the prevalence of conflicting data. It does appear that if GT is to have a positive effect on these outcomes, it likely needs to be in combination with caffeine.
Multimodal detection and tracking of pedestrians in urban environments with explicit ground plane extraction (2008)

This paper presents a novel people detection and tracking method based on a combined multimodal sensor approach that utilizes 2D and 3D laser range and camera data. Laser data points are clustered and classified with a set of geometrical features using an SVM AdaBoost method. The clusters define a region of interest in the image that is adjusted using the ground plane information extracted from the 3D laser. In this areas a novel vision based people detector based on Implicit Shape Model (ISM) is applied. Each detected person is tracked using a greedy data association technique and multiple Extended Kalman Filters that use different motion models. This way, the filter can cope with a variety of different motion patterns. The tracker is asynchronously updated by the detections from the laser and the camera data. Experiments conducted in real-world outdoor scenarios with crowds of pedestrians demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Carbon Cycling in Soil (2004)

As yet, nobody knows what effects climate change will have on soil carbon reserves, or how those changes will affect the global carbon cycle. Soils are the primary terrestrial repository for carbon, so minor changes in the balance between belowground carbon storage and release could have major impacts on greenhouse gases. Soil fauna, roots, fungi, and microbes interact with mineral and organic matter to process soil carbon. Studies have been hampered by the difficulty of observing processes beneath the earth's surface, but advances in science and technology are improving our ability to understand belowground ecosystems.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstrand Carbinolamine Cross-Links Formed in the 5‘-CpG-3‘ Sequence by the Acrolein-Derived γ-OH-1,<i>N</i><sup> 2</sup>-Propano-2‘-deoxyguanosine DNA Adduct (2005)

The interstrand N2,N2-dG DNA cross-linking chemistry of the acrolein-derived gamma-OH-1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (gamma-OH-PdG) adduct in the 5'-CpG-3' sequence was monitored within a dodecamer duplex by NMR spectroscopy, in situ, using a series of site-specific 13C- and 15N-edited experiments. At equilibrium 40% of the DNA was cross-linked, with the carbinolamine form of the cross-link predominating. The cross-link existed in equilibrium with the non-crosslinked N2-(3-oxo-propyl)-dG aldehyde and its geminal diol hydrate. The ratio of aldehyde/diol increased at higher temperatures. The 1,N2-dG cyclic adduct was not detected. Molecular modeling suggested that the carbinolamine linkage should be capable of maintaining Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding at both of the tandem C x G base pairs. In contrast, dehydration of the carbinolamine cross-link to an imine (Schiff base) cross-link, or cyclization of the latter to form a pyrimidopurinone cross-link, was predicted to require disruption of Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding at one or both of the tandem cross-linked C x G base pairs. When the gamma-OH-PdG adduct contained within the 5'-CpG-3' sequence was instead annealed into duplex DNA opposite T, a mixture of the 1,N2-dG cyclic adduct, the aldehyde, and the diol, but no cross-link, was observed. With this mismatched duplex, reaction with the tetrapeptide KWKK formed DNA-peptide cross-links efficiently. When annealed opposite dA, gamma-OH-PdG remained as the 1,N2-dG cyclic adduct although transient epimerization was detected by trapping with the peptide KWKK. The results provide a rationale for the stability of interstrand cross-links formed by acrolein and perhaps other alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. These sequence-specific carbinolamine cross-links are anticipated to interfere with DNA replication and contribute to acrolein-mediated genotoxicity.
Inhibition of estrogen receptor function promotes porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation (1999)

Estradiol-17beta (E2) can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation probably through its ability to activate its nuclear estrogen receptors (ER). Activation or inhibition of the ER by cognate permissive or non-permissive ligands, respectively, would indicate whether ER action is critical for this vascular protective effect. We investigated a previously characterized population of cultured porcine coronary artery SMCs for ER expression and for the response of these cells to estrogens and antiestrogens. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses demonstrated ER mRNA and protein, respectively, in these cells. While the culture conditions required may have prevented the demonstration of physiological effects of E2, the antiestrogens, ICI 182,780 and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, stimulated VSMC proliferation. The data suggest that, by interrupting ER function, antiestrogens significantly increased the VSMC mitotic rate. This model may be used to identify ER-regulated genes that function to control the growth of these coronary artery SMCs.
A W-CDMA zero-IF front-end for UMTS in a 75 GHz SiGe BiCMOS technology (2002)

A zero-IF front-end consisting of an I/Q down-conversion mixer, broadband I/Q-generation, fully-integrated VCO, dual-modulus prescaler, low-noise baseband buffer and blocking filter is presented. Integrated in a 75 GHz f/sub t/ BiCMOS technology with 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS it draws 33 mA from a 2.7 V supply. Extremely low local-oscillator leakage of -95 dBm together with a high IIP2 of 55 dBm results in very low DC offset values of less than 20 mV at the baseband output of the IC. The presented circuit is intended for application in a highly-integrated UMTS receiver.
A Molecular Theory for Doubly Resonant IR−UV-vis Sum-Frequency Generation (2002)

The experiment for measuring doubly resonant infrared-visible (IR-vis) sum-frequency generation (SFG) has recently been developed by Shen and his co-worker and applied to Rhodamine 6G on silica surfaces. In this paper, based on the Born−Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation, a molecular theory for doubly resonant IR-vis SFG generation as a two-dimensional surface spectroscopy is presented. We shall show that this new nonlinear spectroscopy is closely related to IR and resonance Raman spectroscopy. In this preliminary theoretical derivation, the displaced harmonic potential energy surfaces model for the electronic ground and electronically excited states of the system are used to obtain the band shape functions for doubly resonant IR-vis SFG at a finite temperature. One of the unique and powerful abilities of this spectroscopy is that interference effects among IR-active modes can be observed. The calculated excitation profiles and IR spectra of the doubly resonant IR−UV SFG from Rhodamine 6G on fused silica are demonstrated. We shall show that this new nonlinear spectroscopy can provide experimentalists with access to microscopic properties of molecules on surfaces or at interfaces.
Albumin‐Binding Interactions of Sodium Valproate (1980)

In vitro equilibrium dialysis experiments show that salicylate and phenylbutazone displace valproate from its binding sites on human serum albumin at therapeutic concentrations, whereas warfarin and carbamazepin do not.
Learning Efficient Structured Sparse Models (2012)

We present a comprehensive framework for structured sparse coding and modeling extending the recent ideas of using learnable fast regressors to approximate exact sparse codes. For this purpose, we develop a novel block-coordinate proximal splitting method for the iterative solution of hierarchical sparse coding problems, and show an efficient feed forward architecture derived from its iteration. This architecture faithfully approximates the exact structured sparse codes with a fraction of the complexity of the standard optimization methods. We also show that by using different training objective functions, learnable sparse encoders are no longer restricted to be mere approximants of the exact sparse code for a pre-given dictionary, as in earlier formulations, but can be rather used as full-featured sparse encoders or even modelers. A simple implementation shows several orders of magnitude speedup compared to the state-of-the-art at minimal performance degradation, making the proposed framework suitable for real time and large-scale applications.
Anastomotic Leaks: What is the Best Diagnostic Imaging Study? (2006)

Early intervention in patients who develop an anastomotic leak can be shown to improve the ultimate outcome, especially with respect to mortality. It is usually necessary to obtain objective tests of anastomotic integrity because of the nonspecificity of clinical signs. Our study supported the superiority of water-soluble enema to CT imaging in patients in whom both modalities were used. This difference was most pronounced for distal anastomotic leaks, whereas no radiologic imaging study proved effective in evaluating proximal anastomoses.