gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power green lasers for gamma source (2018)

A high intensity Gamma source is required for Nuclear Spectroscopy, it will be delivered by the interaction between accelerated electron and intense laser beams. Those two interactions lasers are based on a multi-stage amplification scheme that ended with a second harmonics generation to deliver 200 mJ, 5 ps pulses at 515 nm and 100 Hz. A t-Pulse oscillator with slow and fast feedback loop implemented inside the oscillator cavity allows the possibility of synchronization to an optical reference. A temporal jitter of 120 fs rms is achieved, integrated from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. Then a regenerative amplifier, based on Yb:YAG technology, pumped by fiber-coupled QCW laser diodes, delivers pulses up to 30 mJ. The 1 nm bandwidth was compressed to 1.5 ps with a good spatial quality: M2 of 1.1. This amplifier is integrated in a compact sealed housing (750 x 500 x 150 mm), which allows a pulse-pulse stability of 0.1 % rms, and a long-term stability of 1,9 % over 100 hours (with +/-1°C environment). The main amplification stage uses a cryocooled Yb:YAG crystal in an active mirror configuration. The crystal is cooled at 130 K via a compact and low-vibration cryocooler, avoiding any additional phase noise contribution, 340 mJ in a six pass scheme was achieved, with 0.9 of Strehl ratio. The trade off to the gain of a cryogenic amplifier is the bandwidth reduction, however the 1030 nm pulse was compressed to 4.4 ps. As for the regenerative amplifier a long-term stability of 1.9 % over 30 hours was achieved in an environment with +/-1°C temperature fluctuations The compression and Second Harmonics Generation Stages have allowed the conversion of 150 mJ of uncompressed infrared beam into 60 mJ at 515 nm.
Continuous-wave type-II "QW" lasers emitting at /spl lambda/=5.4-7.1 μm (1999)

Optically pumped type-II QW lasers emitting in the 5.4-7.1 -μm wavelength range and at continuous-wave (CW) temperatures up to 210 K are demonstrated. At 80 K, the maximum CW output power from a 40-μm-wide pump stripe is 48 mW at 5.41 μm and 31 mW at 6.05 μm. Epitaxial-side-down heat sinking is provided by a new diamond-pressure-bond mounting technique, which requires minimal processing and maintains topside optical access.
A WDM Optical Backplane with AWG Based Passive Routing (2006)

An optical backplane based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is introduced. It is a tunable transmitter fixed receiver (TT-FR) architecture, which incorporates an NtimesN arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) element for passive data routing. A four-node prototype has been built using high-speed FPGAs for the implementation of the control plane. Bit-error-rate (BER) versus power incident on the receiver using three different AWGs has been measured at a data rate of 10 Gbps per link under static and dynamically changing configurations.
Diagnosis and prognosis of acute hamstring injuries in athletes (2012)

Literature review and expert opinion, Level V.
Set partitioning in oblivious data hiding (2002)

In oblivious steganography, host noise suppression is a great concern as the watermark signal energy is usually much less than that of the host signal. We model the data hiding as a more general H0/H1 hypothesis testing problem. Decision making is based on the statistical distinction between H0 and H1. A simple embedding scheme, viz., set partitioning, is proposed. The coefficients are divided into two sets to represent bit value 1 and 0. The average distortion introduced is calculated. Its optimum and suboptimal detection is discussed in detail. Analysis and simulation studies show improvement over existing schemes.
Joint target tracking and identification. Part II. Shape video computing (2005)

For Pt. I see ibid., vol.1 p.256-299, (2005). This paper describes an application of sequential Monte Carlo model-based approaches to perform joint target tracking and identification. While a geometric shape is moving inside the field of view of a CCD camera, alternatively getting closer and moving away while rotating, the data processing system is confronted to challenging tasks: track the moving shape in real 3D space, i.e. estimate its position and orientation, and at the same time dynamically estimate its dimensions and, if required, identify it. The system is based on class-specific Bayesian filters. More originally, the issue of the fixed hyper-parameter estimation, here the geometric shape dimensions, is solved by combining two different techniques. The first one consists of Markov chain Monte Carlo moves that rescale both the trajectory and the shape; it benefits from an efficient statistic which summaries the trajectory with regard to moves. The second one is an artificial deformation diffusion of the shape.
Actions of general anaesthetics and arachidonic acid pathway inhibitors on K<sup>+</sup> currents activated by volatile anaesthetics and FMRFamide in molluscan neurones (1998)

1. K+ currents activated by volatile general anaesthetics (IK(An)) and by the neuropeptide FMRFamide (IK(FMRFa)) were studied under voltage clamp in isolated identified neurones from the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. 2. IK(An) was activated by all the volatile anaesthetics studied. The maximal responses varied from agent to agent, with halothane sevoflurane > isoflurane > enflurane approximately chloroform. 3. IK(An) was inhibited rather than activated by the n-alcohols from hexanol to dodecanol and by the 6- and 8-carbon cycloalcohols. The n-alcohols exhibited a cutoff effect, with dodecanol being unable to half-inhibit IK(An). 4. Unlike IK(An) which did not desensitize at reasonable halothane concentrations, IK(FMRFa) desensitized at most FMRFamide concentrations studied. This desensitization could be substantially removed by halothane. Nonetheless, both IK(An) and IK(FMRFa) had similar sensitivities to the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, consistent with both currents flowing through the same channels. Responses to low concentrations of halothane and FMRFamide showed synergy. 5. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor aristolochic acid inhibited IK(An), consistent with a role for arachidonic acid (AA). The lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid blocked IK(FMRFa) but did not affect IK(An). IK(An) and IK(FMRFa) were little affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. These findings suggest that neither lipoxygenase nor cyclooxygenase pathways of AA metabolism are involved in the anaesthetic activation of IK(An. 6. Inhibitors of a third, cytochrome P450-mediated, pathway of AA metabolism (clotrimazole and econazole) potently blocked IK(An), suggesting possible roles for certain cytochrome P450 isoforms in the activation of IK(An).
Comparative Analysis of Image Registration Techniques in Sheared Beam Imaging (1995)

The recovered object in sheared beam imaging is an accumulated average of instantaneous "speckled" image frames. Atmospheric perturbations cause a random tilt in the phase of the return speckle pattern. This tilt induces a random translation in each reconstructed image. This random misregistration of individual frames with respect to each other degrades image quality by blurring the average resultant image.
Improving electrochemical performance of flexible thin film electrodes with micropillar array structures (2012)

For reliable function, bioelectrodes require a stable, low-impedance contact with the target tissue. In biosignal monitoring applications, in which low ion current densities are recorded, it is important to minimize electrode contact impedances. Recently, several flexible electrode concepts have been introduced for single-patient use. These electrodes conform well on the patient skin enabling an artifact-free, low-noise recording. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer was used as an electrode substrate material. One half of the substrates were surface-patterned with micropillars produced by using micro-working robot-made mold inserts and a replica molding technique. The substrates were subsequently coated with thin films of titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) or silver–silver chloride (Ag/AgCl). Electrical impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that the micropillar structure caused statistically significant reductions in impedance modulus and phase for each coating candidate. The relative effect was strongest for pure Ag, for which the values of the real part (Z') and the imaginary part (Z'') decreased to less than one tenth of the original (smooth) values. However, Ag/AgCl, as expected, proved to be a superior electrode material. Coating with chloride drastically reduced the interfacial impedance compared to pure Ag. Further significant reduction was achieved by the micropillars, since the phase angle declined from 10–13° (for smooth samples, f < 50 Hz) to a value as low as 5°. Equivalent circuit modeling was used to obtain a better understanding of phenomena occurring at various electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The knowledge obtained in this study will be exploited in the further development of flexible electrodes and miniaturized biointerfaces with improved electrochemical characteristics.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles by Reductive ANRORC Rearrangements of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles. (2011)

Abstract The hydrazinolysis of the oxadiazoles under optimized conditions allows a general synthesis of functionalized aminotriazole products which are of interest due to the biological activity of the heterocyclic system.
Long-term vasectomy effects on testis and accessory sex organ function in langur monkey. (1988)

Testicular biopsy, serum and semen samples from bilaterally vasectomized and sham-operated langur monkeys were studied following 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 years of surgery to assess testis and accessory sex organ function. Testicular degeneration was evident in certain tubules. Circulating levels of serum testosterone were statistically unchanged. Seminal plasma concentrations of fructose, acid phosphatase, sodium and potassium did not change, whereas semen volume, LDH, magnesium and citric acid decreased significantly suggesting an altered prostatic function following longer durations of vasectomy.
A Simple and Rapid TAR-Dependent in vitro Transcription Assay Using T Cell Nuclear Extracts and Synthetic tati-86 Protein (1995)

A ‘G-less’ cassette was cloned downstream of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) to facilitate rapid identification of authentic LTR- directed transcription in T cell nuclear extracts. Despite a high constitutive level of transcription, addition of chemically synthesized full-length HIV-lbni tat (amino acids 1-86) stimulated transcription 3-fold but only if the template included the TAR region of the LTR. Suppression of basal transcription in T cell nuclear extracts by sodium citrate increased the relative level of tat stimulation, but neither potassium chloride nor histone HI had an effect. A mutant synthetic tat polypeptide, lacking residues 22-32 in the cysteine-rich domain, was inactive in uptake assays and failed to stimulate transcription. Short basic peptides that competed full-length tat from complexes with TAR RNA also inhibited tat stimulation of transcription, whereas short basic peptide unable to bind TAR or compete tat from complexes were also unable to inhibit tat stimulation of transcription. These data confirm that active HIV-1 tat must first interact with TAR RNA via basic amino acid residues in order to stimulate transcription of downstream sequences.
T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR findings of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: comparison with squamous cell carcinoma (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in MR findings of adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix and to compare MR findings with pathologic findings. MR images of 17 patients with pathologically proven AC, using a fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted image (T2WI) with pelvic phased-array coil on a 1.5-T unit, were retrospectively evaluated. After measurement of the signal intensity (SI) ratios of the region of interest between tumors and gluteus maximus muscle, we compared the ratios of AC with those of 16 patients with SCC. AC showed relatively high SI on FSE T2WI with multiseptated lesions in four cases and hydrometrocolpos in three cases. The mean SI ratio was 3.82 +/- 1.68 in AC and 2.35 +/- 0.42 in SCC (p < 0.0001, t-test). Multiple tumorous glands with cytoplasmic and intraglandular mucin or serous fluid were pathologically found in AC, but SCC revealed the compact cellularity of stratified squamous tumor cells. The cervical AC showed higher SI than SCC on FSE T2WI with occasional multiseptated lesions and hydrometrocolpos. If the SI ratio of the tumor was more than 3.0, AC could be diagnosed with a sensitivity of 68.8% and a specificity of 100%.
Direct transverse load profile determination using the polarization-dependent loss spectral response of a chirped fiber Bragg grating (2016)

The determination of stress profiles created by transverse loads was proved to be important in different domains, such as structural health monitoring and biomechanics, and, more specifically, in the prostheses domain. In this paper, we report an original method to estimate the transverse load profile from the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) spectrum of a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). This method makes use of the relationship between the integration of the PDL of a CFBG, and the force profile has the advantage of not requiring any iterative method to estimate the transverse load profile. The relationship linking the integration of the PDL and the force profile is demonstrated using an analytical approximation of the transmission spectrum of CFBGs. The validity of this method for the determination of non-uniform load profiles is then shown using a numerical analysis. An experimental demonstration is finally reported using a 48 mm-long CFBG subject to different step transverse load profiles.
MAP2 expression and neuritic outgrowth and branching are coregulated through region-specific neuro-astroglial interactions (1987)

Embryonic neurons from the rat striatum and mesencephalon were plated on mesencephalic or striatal astrocytes in 4 possible combinations. It was found that specific traits are expressed by the neurons when they are grown on homotopic astrocytes (neurons and astrocytes from the same region). These traits are the following: 1. The number of cells stained with an antibody raised against the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is higher in homotopic than in heterotopic cocultures. This is true for both mesencephalic and striatal neurons. 2. In homotopic conditions, there is an increase in the number of cells having more primary neurites and branching points. This effect is observed for both neuronal populations but is more pronounced in mesencephalic neurons. 3. The intensity of MAP2 staining was correlated with the branching ability of the neurons. First, on comparing MAP2-positive and MAP2- negative cells, it was found that, in any combination (homotopic and heterotopic cocultures), the number of primary neurites and branching points was much higher in MAP2-positive cells. In fact, almost no branching activity was found in MAP2-negative neurons. Second, within the MAP2-positive neuronal population, the higher number of branching points observed under homotopic neuro-astroglial conditions was mostly due to the neuritic compartment, which was strongly and homogeneously stained with the anti-MAP2 antibody. These observations strongly suggest that the astrocytic environment regulates the synthesis and/or intracellular distribution of MAP2, as well as the morphology of the neurons, and that this regulation is region specific.
Compensation-based nonactive power definition (2003)

This paper presents a new definition of nonactive current from which the definitions of instantaneous active and nonactive power are also derived. The definitions are consistent with the traditional power definitions and valid for single-phase and polyphase systems, as well as periodic and nonperiodic waveforms. The definitions are applied to a shunt compensation system. The paper elaborates on the compensation of three different cases of nonperiodic current: single-phase disturbance, three-phase subharmonics, and three-phase stochastic current. Simulation results give credibility to the applicability of the definition for a diversity of load currents. According to different compensation cases and the goals to be achieved, different averaging time intervals for the compensator are chosen which will determine the compensator's energy storage requirement and the extent of residual distortion in the source current.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of vic-Diols in Cyclic Systems. II.<sup>1</sup> OH...O and OH... π-Electron Bonding in cis- and trans-1,2-Diaryl-1,2-acenaphthenediols<sup>2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of vic-Diols in Cyclic Systems. II.1 OH...O and OH... π-Electron Bonding in cis- and trans-1,2-Diaryl-1,2-acenaphthenediols2Emil J. Moriconi, William F. O'Connor, Lester P. Kuhn, Elizabeth A. Keneally, and Frederick T. WallenbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 24, 6472–6477Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01533a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (693 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Rac2 GTPase deficiency depletes BCR-ABL+ leukemic stem cells and progenitors in vivo (2010)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease (MPD) initiated by p210-BCR-ABL-mediated transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Inhibition of the ABL kinase alone is not sufficient to eradicate leukemic stem cells (LSCs). We have previously shown that the deficiency of Rac2 GTPase signaling, but not Rac1, in p210-BCR-ABL-transduced hematopoietic cells prolonged survival of mice with MPD. Here we demonstrate that absence of Rac2 GTPase prolongs survival of HSC-initiated, inducible Scl/p210-BCR-ABL (Scl/p210) binary transgenic mice, it induces apoptosis, and, unlike in normal HSC and progenitor (HSC/P), impairs LSC and progenitor (LSC/P) proliferation in vivo. As a result, Rac2 deficiency causes functional exhaustion of the LSC pool in vivo. This defect is not due to impaired interaction with the hematopoietic microenvironment as reflected by its unaltered adhesion, migration, and homing to recipient organs. In summary, Rac2 deficiency exhausts the LSC pool in vivo through impairment of oncogene-induced proliferation and survival signals.
CCL20 chemokine induces both osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast differentiation: Increased levels of CCL20 are expressed in subchondral bone tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients (2006)

We evaluated the role of CCL20 (MIP-3alpha) chemokine in cells directly involved in the remodeling of bone tissue (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and we confirmed its expression in the subchondral bone tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The expression of CCL20 and of its receptor CCR6 was evaluated in osteoblasts isolated from bone tissue of post-traumatic (PT) patients. Functional tests were performed to evaluate osteoblast proliferation and matrix protein modulation. Immunohistochemical analysis for CCR6, CCL20, and RANKL was performed on bone samples from RA patients. The role of CCL20 was then analyzed in osteoclast differentiation. We found that in basal conditions CCR6, but not its ligand CCL20, was highly expressed by osteoblasts. Functional analysis on osteoblasts showed that CCL20 significantly increased cellular proliferation but did not affect matrix protein expression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly induced the release of CCL20 and RANKL by human osteoblasts but did not modulate CCR6 expression. Increased expression of CCR6, CCL20, and RANKL was confirmed in RA subchondral bone tissue biopsies. We demonstrated that CCL20 was also an earlier inducer of osteoclast differentiation by increasing the number of pre-osteoclasts, thus favoring cell fusion and MMP-9 release. Our results add new insight to the important role of the CCL20/CCR6, RANKL system in the bone tissue of RA. The contemporary action of CCL20 on osteoblasts and osteoclasts involved in the maintenance of bone tissue homeostasis demonstrates the important role of this compartment in the evolution of RA, by showing a clear uncoupling between new bone formation and bone resorption.
Reaction couples of ceramic thin films prepared by CVD (1988)

Solid-state reactions have traditionally been studied in the form of diffusion couples. This ‘bulk’ approach has been modified, for the specific case of the reaction between NiO and Al 2 O 3 , by growing NiAl 2 O 4 (spinel) from electron-transparent Al 2 O 3 TEM foils which had been exposed to NiO vapor at 1415°C. This latter ‘thin-film’ approach has been used to characterize the initial stage of spinel formation and to produce clean phase boundaries since further TEM preparation is not required after the reaction is completed. The present study demonstrates that chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) can be used to deposit NiO particles, with controlled size and spatial distributions, onto Al 2 O 3 TEM specimens. Chemical reactions do not occur during the deposition process, since CVD is a relatively low-temperature technique, and thus the NiO-Al 2 O 3 interface can be characterized. Moreover, a series of annealing treatments can be performed on the same sample which allows both Ni0-NiAl 2 O 4 and NiAl 2 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 interfaces to be characterized and which therefore makes this technique amenable to kinetics studies of thin-film reactions.
Correlation between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Irons (2018)

Austempered ductile cast irons (ADI) have received great attention in last years because their combined properties of good ductility, high strength and fracture toughness, good fatigue strength, good wear properties and low production cost. Such combination of properties can be reached because of their microstructures consist of a mixture acicular ferrite (bainite), residual austenite with a high carbon content and nodular graphite. In this work, the effect of austempering heat treatment on the microstructure of a commercial alloy to produce three different grades of ADI, with different strength level, is analyzed. Microstructure characterization has been performed using techniques of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties were evaluated from tensile and impact tests at room temperature. In addition, the residual stress due to heat treatment was evaluated. The results of this study show that there is a strong relationship between austempering temperatures and mechanical properties. The highest tensile and yield strength obtained were 1599 and 1427 MPa, respectively, for the sample austempered at 280°C. The sample austempered at 320°C presented the highest Charpy absorption energy (99,90 J) and highest volume fraction of austenite (27%).