gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Role for Ceramide in Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (1998)

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions. Mildly oxidized low density lipoproteins (UV-oxLDL), which are mitogenic to cultured AG-08133A SMC, activate the sphingomyelin (SM)-ceramide pathway. We report here the following. (i) UV-oxLDL elicited a biphasic and sustained activation of MBP kinase activity, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and [3H]thymidine incorporation, which were inhibited by PD-098059, a MAPK kinase inhibitor. (ii) The use of preconditioned media (from SMC pre-activated by UV-oxLDL) transferred to native SMC and blocking antibodies against growth factors suggest that UV-oxLDL-induced activation of MAPK and [3H]thymidine incorporation seem to be independent of any autocrine secretion of growth factors. (iii) UV-oxLDL-induced activation of a neutral sphingomyelinase, SM hydrolysis, ceramide production, and [3H]thymidine incorporation were inhibited by two serine-protease inhibitors (serpins), suggesting that a serpin-sensitive proteolytic pathway is involved in the activation of the SM-ceramide signaling pathway. (iv) UV-oxLDL-induced MAPK activation and [3H]thymidine incorporation were mimicked by ceramide generated in the plasma membrane by bacterial sphingomyelinase treatment or by addition of the permeant C2-ceramide. Serpins did not inhibit the MAPK activation and [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by C2-ceramide, indicating that activation of the MAPK and [3H]thymidine incorporation is subsequent to the stimulation of the SM-ceramide pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that mitogenic concentrations of UV-oxLDL are able to stimulate the SM-ceramide pathway through a protease-dependent mechanism and activate p44/42 MAPK, leading to proliferation of vascular SMC.
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Simultaneous Identification of T and B Cells in the Target Organ (1981)

Monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig T cells and antibodies to guinea pig immunoglobulin G were used in immunofluorescence studies to identify T and B cells in central nervous system tissue from guinea pigs with acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis. T cells appeared before B cells and were distributed within the white matter parenchyma, while B cells remained in perivascular spaces.
Transfer of mRNA Encoding Invariant NKT Cell Receptors Imparts Glycolipid Specific Responses to T Cells and γδT Cells (2015)

Cell-based therapies using genetically engineered lymphocytes expressing antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) hold promise for the treatment of several types of cancers. Almost all studies using this modality have focused on transfer of TCR from CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The transfer of TCR from innate lymphocytes to other lymphocytes has not been studied. In the current study, innate and adaptive lymphocytes were transfected with the human NKT cell-derived TCRα and β chain mRNA (the Vα24 and Vβ11 TCR chains). When primary T cells transfected with NKT cell-derived TCR were subsequently stimulated with the NKT ligand, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), they secreted IFN-γ in a ligand-specific manner. Furthermore when γδT cells were transfected with NKT cell-derived TCR mRNA, they demonstrated enhanced proliferation, IFN-γ production and antitumor effects after α-GalCer stimulation as compared to parental γδT cells. Importantly, NKT cell TCR-transfected γδT cells responded to both NKT cell and γδT cell ligands, rendering them bi-potential innate lymphocytes. Because NKT cell receptors are unique and universal invariant receptors in humans, the TCR chains do not yield mispaired receptors with endogenous TCR α and β chains after the transfection. The transfection of NKT cell TCR has the potential to be a new approach to tumor immunotherapy in patients with various types of cancer.
Some Experiments with Blind Feedback and Re-ranking for Chinese Information Retrieval. (2005)

In our formal runs, we have experimented with hybrid-term indexing and bigram indexing because hybrid-term indexing is a more distinct type of indexing strategy for better pooling and because bigram indexing usually gives robust (near) good results. We have also used our pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) methods. In the informal runs, we have experimented with our previous re-ranking strategy, called title re-ranking. This strategy rewards documents which title terms match with the terms in the title query. Title re-ranking is able to improve the effectiveness performance for both short and long queries when bigram indexing is used. For formal runs, our best relax MAP achieved was 36% and 51% using PRF, for title queries and long queries respectively. For informal runs, our best relax MAP achieved was 43% for title queries and 50% for long queries using both PRF and merging retrieval lists.
Perception of the Risks of Blood Transfusion in Koreans (2009)

The Koreans in the survey had a tendency of positive thinking about blood transfusions, and previous transfusion experiences appear to decrease the fear about transfusions. These results will be useful in understanding how Koreans think about the risks associated with transfusions.
SULPHONE TREATMENT OF LEPROSY (1948)

Sulphone therapy of leprosy has n ' years in certain centres; almost all r!ports on results of treatment are favourable (Refs. I to 15) .
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON HYDROXYCARBONIUMIONEN IN STARKEN SAEUREN 7. MITT. UMLAGERUNG DES 2,5,5‐TRIMETHYL‐DIHYDROFURYLIONS, EINE HETEROAROMATISCHE CARBONIUMION‐UMLAGERUNG (1973)

Abstract In 20%igem Oleum oder ClSO 3 H wird das Tetrahydrofurylion (I) bei 100°C schnell zum Dihydrofurylion (II) dehydriert, das dann das umgelagerte Ion (III) ergibt.
NEVER-DRAIN ENGINE OIL TECHNOLOGY (1975)

The engine from the 1/4-ton M-151 Military Utility Tactical Truck (MUTT) was modified to reduce the amount of blowby that reaches the engine oil in an effort to extend the oil's useful life. Both dynamometer and road evaluations of the engine were conducted. Although the modified engine failed to complete the 32,180 kilometer (20,000 mile) road evaluation, the unmodified control vehicle, which operated without oil or filter changes, demonstrated that operation without oil drains is almost feasible using high quality MIL-L-2104C/MIL-L46152 qualified lubricants.
128. Enzymic synthesis and degradation of starch. Part XV. β-Amylase and the constitution of amylose (1952)

S. Peat, S. J. Pirt and W. J. Whelan, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 705 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520000705
Effect of supranormal coronary blood flow on energy metabolism and systolic function of porcine left ventricle (1992)

Supranormal coronary flow does not augment myocardial oxygen consumption, high energy phosphates, or systolic function in the in situ autoperfused heart. Myocardial oxygen delivery does not limit oxidative metabolism under normal conditions.
Re-epithelialization in Cornea Organ Culture After Chemical Burns and Excimer Laser Treatment (2001)

After corneal chemical damage, 193-nm excimer laser PTK accelerates epithelial wound healing.
Purification and characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin from bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1983)

Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from Escherichia coli pathogenic for cattle was mass produced in a chemically defined medium. The toxin was concentrated and purified by sequentially applying batch adsorption chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, acetone fractionation, and preparative isoelectric focusing in a flatbed granulated gel. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to purify the toxin further and to eliminate contaminating ampholytes. The toxin was purified more than 2,000-fold and had a minimal effective dose of less than 0.5 ng. It was biologically active after heating to 100 degrees C for 30 min and was not hydrolyzed by trypsin, pronase, and subtilisin, but it was inactivated by treatment with 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol or 4 X 10(-5) M dithiothreitol, suggesting that disulfide bonds are essential for retaining its biological activity. The amino acid analysis revealed 18 amino acid residues per molecule, which is in agreement with the composition of ST from a human strain of enterotoxigenic E. coli. The amino acid composition of our ST matched the published coding sequence of the last 18 codons of Tn1618, a transposon isolated from the bovine enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B41 and shown to be present also in some strains of porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli. These findings further support the existence of a form of ST common to bovine, porcine, and human strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli.
Increased Expression and Modulated Regulatory Activity of Coinhibitory Receptors <scp>PD</scp>‐1, <scp>TIGIT</scp>, and <scp>TIM</scp>‐3 in Lymphocytes From Patients With Systemic Sclerosis (2017)

The altered expression and regulatory capacity of co-IRs in SSc lymphocytes may contribute to disease pathophysiology by modulating the cytokine-mediated cross-talk of immune cells and fibroblasts at sites of inflammation and/or fibrosis.
Acceleration Factors for Lead-Free Solder Materials (2007)

In this paper, the acceleration factors for lead-free solder materials are discussed. The focus is on the analytical models proposed by Norris-Landzberg, Pan, and Salmela. As most reliability prediction models are originally created for eutectic SnPb solder material, it is expected that the models must be recalibrated in order to be useful in conjunction with lead-free solder materials. Pan <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al</i> . have reparameterized the Norris-Landzberg's model for SnAgCu already earlier. However, the data provided by Syed did not fit very well the reparameterized Norris-Landzberg model. An approach to explain this, and a benchmark of results based on alternative parameter value selections, is presented. The underlying assumptions related to the Norris-Landzberg's model and the applicability of the model in case of lead-free solders is discussed. Finally, an alternative form of Norris-Landzberg's equation is introduced and the fit of the existing experimental data to the proposed model is studied.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of chloro tris(tert-butylimido)manganese (1993)

Interaction of a solution of manganese(III) chloride in acetonitrile with trimethylchlorosilane and trimethylsilyl(tert-butyl)amide produces the green, thermally stable, manganese(VII) compound, MnCl(NBut)3, which has a tetrahedral structure (X-ray).
Yeast Cell Growth Monitoring Using Microwave Measurements Correlated to Optical Absorbance (2018)

Requiring neither labels nor complicated data processing technique, electrical techniques are very attractive and promising in biological/pharmaceutical research. Traditionally, impedance spectroscopy in the kHz frequency range is used for measuring cell growth and other dynamic cell culture responses. This paper reports, for the first time, real-time in vivo monitoring of yeast cell growth up to microwave frequencies. To validate the approach, we here report on the correlation of microwave sensing to the more commonly used approach that is based on optical absorbance. Measurements on four cell suspensions of known concentrations, and on BY 4741 cell growth are successfully performed. Although more studies are required to further understand the events recorded by the monitoring procedure, the presented measurement results suggest that the proposed real-time microwave characterization technique is a faster and noninvasive option for early cell growth detection. Moreover, it is believed that this technique can be readily extended to mammalian cells.
The normal human visual system extracts about 1% of the hues possible from the L, M and S cones compared to a perfect hue encoder (2019)

A normalization process makes the average spectral distribution reaching the eye appear achromatic -- white or gray. There are six possible ways the relative activations of L-, M- and S-cones can differ from white. 1) S activity higher, M and L activity relatively lower compared to white; 2) M higher, S and L lower; 3) L higher, S and M lower; 4) M and L higher, S lower; 5) S and L higher, M lower; 6) S and M higher, L lower. Thus, to fully encode hue require six channels, for each of the ways the relative activities of the cones can differ from white. However, humans experience only four hues—1) red, the hue associated with S+L high, M low; 2) green the hue associated with M high, S+L low; 3) blue, associated with S+M high, L low; 4) yellow, associated with L high, S+M low. Thus only two-thirds of the hue information available is encoded and transmitted to the brain.. For example, the difference between a light at 430 nm and a 470+630 nm mixture is entirely a change between the relative activities of S vs. L+M cones, for which we have no hue encoders. Under carefully controlled conditions, when the relative brightness of the lights is adjusted appropriately, a good match is achieved in hue, saturation and brightness. This is a true failure of color vision and since each hue dimension produces about 100 gradations, we only see about 1% of the hues compared to a perfect encoder.
Effect of injection augmentation on need for framework surgery in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (2015)

Nearly half of UVFP patients do not require any rehabilitative procedure. When indicated, early injection augmentation is effective at temporarily alleviating associated symptoms but does not reduce likelihood of needing a definitive framework operation in patients with UVFP. Understanding practice patterns and fostering early detection and treatment may improve quality of life in this patient population.
Development of Continuous SiC Fiber-Reinforced Reaction Sintered SiC Matrix Composite. (1999)

A dense silicon carbide matrix composite reinforced by Hi-Nicalon fibers with boron nitride coating was fabricated by slurry impregnation and subsequent reaction sintering process. Hi-Nicalon fibers were not stable in contact with molten silicon. Accordingly the effect of the fiber coating structure and the infiltrating metal composition on the mechanical properties of the composite was investigated. Selecting a boron nitride and silicon carbide dual coating structure and a boron-doped silicon as the infiltrating metal, a ceramic matrix composite with excellent fracture energy could be newly developed. The microstructure and the bending strength at room and high temperatures were also evaluated. Optimized composite showed cumulative failure mode both at room temperature and at 1573K. The failure behavior kept this cumulative fracture mode even after oxidation at 1573K for 360ks. Good oxidation resistance was thought to be caused by the presence of the dense SiC matrix.
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in synchronized human cells infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (1976)

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in uninfected and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)- and HSV-2-infected KB cells were analyzed to determine whether ribonucleotide reductase functions in vivo in the presence and absence of thymidine (TdR). Previously we showed that HSV-2 replication was inhibited in KB cells blocked in their capacity to synthesize DNA by TdR. HSV-1 replication was not inhibited under these conditions. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 induced an altered ribonucleotide reductase resistant to dTTP inhibition. Thus, the block to HSV-2 replication apparently was not at the level of reductase. However, the in vitro activity of the enzyme does not necessarily correspond to intracellular conditions. In TdR-blocked HSV-2-infected cells, we found that, while dTTP levels remained high, dCTP concentrations increased. In contrast, KB cells blocked by TdR showed increased dTTP but decreased dCTP levels. We conclude that the HSV-2 enzyme is functional in vivo and that TdR inhibits viral replication by a mechanism other than depletion of dCTP. Infection of KB cells with HSV-1 or HSV-2 altered both dATP and dGTP levels in the presence or absence of TdR. Inhibition of viral replication was not explained by changes in these pools. We suggest that, during infection, HSV-1 induces a virus function(s) not related to reductase which is resistant to TdR, whereas the corresponding HSV-2 function is sensitive. Our evidence shows that the TdR-sensitive function is not in the pathways leading to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate and may occur at the level of DNA replication.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC β‐ENAMINO ESTERS. 33. ADDITION AND CYCLIZATION REACTION OF 3‐(2‐IMIDAZOLIDINYLIDENE)‐ AND 3‐(HEXAHYDRO‐2‐PYRIMIDINYLIDENE)‐2(3H)‐FURANONES WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HALOGENS, AND METHYL PROPIOLATE (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Furanone (I) mit Methylpropiolat werden die Addukte (II) gebildet, die mit den Alkoholen (III) additiv unter Öffnung des Lactonringes and gleichzeitiger Cycli‐ H8 unter Eliminierung von MeOH zu den Derivaten (IV) reagieren, die auch einstufig erhalten werden.
Towards a Genome-Based Taxonomy for Prokaryotes (2005)

The ranks higher than the species in the prokaryotic taxonomy are primarily designated based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, but no definite standards exist for the absolute relatedness (measured by 16S rRNA or other means) between the ranks. Accordingly, it remains unknown how comparable the ranks are between different organisms. To gain insights into this question, we studied the relationship between shared gene content and genetic relatedness for 175 fully sequenced strains, using as a robust measure of relatedness the average amino acid identity (AAI) of the shared genes. Our results reveal that adjacent ranks (e.g., phylum versus class) frequently show extensive overlap in terms of genetic and gene content relatedness of the grouped organisms, and hence, the current system is of limited predictive power in this respect. The overlap between nonadjacent ranks (e.g., phylum versus family) is generally limited and attributable to clear inconsistencies of the taxonomy. In addition to providing means for standardizing taxonomy, our AAI-based approach provides a means to evaluate the robustness of alternative genetic markers for phylogenetic purposes. For instance, the 23S rRNA gene was found to be as good a marker as the 16S rRNA gene, while several of the widely distributed protein-coding genes, such as the RNA polymerase and gyrase subunits, show a strong phylogenetic signal, albeit less strong than the rRNA genes (0.78 > R2 > 0.69 for the protein-coding genes versus R2 = 0.84 for the rRNA genes). The AAI approach outlined here could contribute significantly to a genome-based taxonomy for all microbial organisms.
On Anisocentropus, a new genus of exotic Trichoptera (1863)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
A Comparison of Different Strategies for Automated Semantic Document Annotation (2015)

We introduce a framework for automated semantic document annotation that is composed of four processes, namely concept extraction, concept activation, annotation selection, and evaluation. The framework is used to implement and compare different annotation strategies motivated by the literature. For concept extraction, we apply entity detection with semantic hierarchical knowledge bases, Tri-gram, RAKE, and LDA. For concept activation, we compare a set of statistical, hierarchy-based, and graph-based methods. For selecting annotations, we compare top-k as well as kNN. In total, we define 43 different strategies including novel combinations like using graph-based activation with kNN. We have evaluated the strategies using three different datasets of varying size from three scientific disciplines (economics, politics, and computer science) that contain 100, 000 manually labeled documents in total. We obtain the best results on all three datasets by our novel combination of entity detection with graph-based activation (e.g., HITS and Degree) and kNN. For the economic and political science datasets, the best F-measure is .39 and .28, respectively. For the computer science dataset, the maximum F-measure of .33 can be reached. The experiments are the by far largest on scholarly content annotation, which typically are up to a few hundred documents per dataset only.
Primary malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac: A case report (2006)

Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is very rare and primary malignant melanoma is extremely rare. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage after excision or biopsy of a tumor. We treated a patient with tearing and bloody discharge from the left eye. We performed a dacryocystectomy with the suspicion of a chronic dacryocystitis. However, the pathological findings and the immunohistochemical studies showed a malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac. The patient underwent postoperative irradiation therapy. Follow up two months after surgery revealed no evidence of recurrence. Early diagnosis is very important for prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac. Because this tumor often presents with symptoms similar to dacryocystitis and may masquerade as a chronic dacryocystitis, it can be difficult to make an early diagnosis.
Uncovering Factors Related to Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function (2016)

Waist-to-hip ratio and RA index were identified as significant modulators of beta-cell function. The ability of the RA index to modulate insulin secretion was confirmed in mechanistic studies. Future work should identify strategies to alter the RA index.
Mechanism Studies of Isoprene Polymerization with the Aluminum Triisobutyl-Titanium Tetrachloride Catalyst<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism Studies of Isoprene Polymerization with the Aluminum Triisobutyl-Titanium Tetrachloride Catalyst1William M. Saltman, William E. Gibbs, and Joginder LalCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 21, 5615–5622Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01554a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01554a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts