gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis of 5α-Reductase Deficiency in Infancy* (1986)

The diagnosis of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in infancy is reported for the first time in three male pseudohermaphrodites from the Dominican Republic. Basal plasma testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratios were significantly elevated in two of the three affected infants, and increased markedly in all three infants after administration of hCG. Since urinary etiocholanolone to androsterone ratios could not be determined accurately in this age group, the diagnosis of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency was confirmed by the finding of elevated urinary tetrahydrocortisol (THF) to 5 alpha-tetrahydrocortisol (5 alpha-THF) ratios, as determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in the affected male infants compared to those in age-matched normal infants. The THF/5 alpha-THF ratios, however, were lower in both the normal children and the affected infants, suggesting increased 5 alpha-reductase activity in infancy. The affected infants had THF/5 alpha-THF ratios comparable to ratios in adult carrier males and significantly lower than ratios in adult homozygotes. Two of the three affected infants are related to the large Dominican kindred we studied previously and initially were raised as females but, after parental counseling, were changed to a male sex of rearing.
Case-Control Study of Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Southern California Dairies (1996)

In order to describe papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), and to determine risk factors for highly affected dairies, data from 37 southern California dairies with >5% of cows affected (highly affected dairies, cases) were compared with those from 20 dairies with 5.5% of cows affected (controls). Information on dairy environment, management and PDD occurrence was obtained from dairy managers, veterinarians and hooftrimmers, and by direct measurement.
The effect of short-course antibiotics on the resistance profile of colonizing gut bacteria in the ICU: a prospective cohort study (2020)

Abstract Background : The need for early antibiotics in the intensive care unit (ICU) is often balanced against the goal of antibiotic stewardship. Long-course antibiotics increase the burden of antimicrobial resistance within colonizing gut bacteria, but the dynamics of this process are not fully understood. We sought to determine how short-course antibiotics affect the antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of colonizing gut bacteria in the ICU by performing a prospective cohort study with assessments of resistance at ICU admission and exactly 72 hours later. Methods : Deep rectal swabs were performed on 48 adults at the time of ICU admission and exactly 72 hours later, including patients who did and did not receive antibiotics. To determine resistance phenotype, rectal swabs were cultured for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). In addition, Gram-negative bacterial isolates were cultured against relevant antibiotics. To determine resistance genotype, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed from rectal swabs for 87 established resistance genes. Within-individual changes in antimicrobial resistance were calculated based on culture and qPCR results and correlated with exposure to relevant antibiotics (e.g., did β-lactam antibiotic exposure associate with a detectable change in β-lactam resistance over this 72-hour period?). Results : Of 48 ICU patients, 41 (85%) received antibiotics. Overall, there was no increase in the antimicrobial resistance profile of colonizing gut bacteria during the 72 hour study period. There was also no increase in antimicrobial resistance after stratification by receipt of antibiotics (i.e., no detectable increase in β-lactam, vancomycin, or macrolide resistance regardless of whether patients received those same antibiotics). This was true for both culture and PCR. Antimicrobial resistance pattern at ICU admission strongly predicted resistance pattern after 72 hours. Conclusions . Short-course ICU antibiotics made little difference in the antimicrobial resistance pattern of colonizing gut bacteria over 72 hours in the ICU. This provides improved understanding of the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the ICU and some reassurance that short-course antibiotics may not adversely impact the stewardship goal of reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy Using Weekly Carboplatin or Daily Low-Dose Cisplatin for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2004)

These findings suggest that weekly carboplatin treatment is preferable to daily low-dose cisplatin. This could be because the total dose of cisplatin was too low to be effective.
Incentive program decreases no-shows in nontreatment substance abuse research. (2005)

This study examined the use of a low-cost incentive program to decrease the rate of unanticipated no-shows in a nontreatment study of the genetics of substance dependence. Low-cost retail items (such as calling cards or gift certificates) were offered contingent on attendance at the first scheduled research appointment. Although the intervention did not result in an increase in the rate of attendance at appointments, it reduced the likelihood of unanticipated no-shows by almost 50%. This reduction was accompanied by a significant increase in advance cancellations. Despite limitations due to the study's A-B design, this research demonstrates that it may be possible to use modest incentives to increase the efficiency of research enrollment and increase service provision for substance abusers.
A pyrolysis oven which utilizes a preheated helium stream (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA pyrolysis oven which utilizes a preheated helium streamR. A. Prosser, J. T. Stapler, and William E. C. YellandCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 6, 694–695Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60250a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60250a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A technique combining the visibility of a Doppler signal with the peak intensity of the pedestal to measure the size and velocity of droplets in a spray (1984)

A technique combining the visibility of a Doppler signal and the intensity of the scattered light to measure the size and velocity of particles is presented. It is shown that using only the visibility technique can lead to large errors under many conditions such as dense sprays. It is also shown that this error is considerably reduced and very high resolution is obtained by combining the visibility with the intensity of the scattered light. An instrument was developed using this new concept and measurements were performed in sprays of known characteristics. The results of monodispersed, bimodal and trimodal sprays are reported.
Coronary flow reserve correlates with right ventricular dysfunction and predicts right heart failure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (2011)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Optimum low-gate-field and high-gate-field stability of amorphous silicon thin-film transistors with a single plastic-compatible gate nitride deposition process (2009)

In this abstract, we demonstrate a single gate nitride deposition process (using standard PECVD growth) which is optimum for stability for both low-field driving and high-field switching applications. Furthermore, the nitride deposition temperature is limited to 300°C which is compatible with high temperature clear plastic substrates, unlike the previous best low-field results which required 350°C.
Neuroprotection, Plasticity Manipulation, and Regenerative Strategies to Improve Cardiovascular Function following Spinal Cord Injury (2015)

Damage to the central nervous system, as in the case of spinal cord injury (SCI), results in disrupted supraspinal sympathetic influence and subsequent cardiovascular control impairments. Consequently, people with SCI suffer from disordered basal hemodynamics and devastating fluctuations in blood pressure, as in the case of autonomic dysreflexia (AD), which likely contribute to this population's leading cause of mortality: cardiovascular disease. The development of AD is related, at least in part, to neuroanatomical changes that include disrupted descending supraspinal sympathetic control, changes in propriospinal circuitry, and inappropriate afferent sprouting in the dorsal horn. These anatomical mechanisms may thus be targeted by neural regenerative and protective therapies to improve cardiovascular control and reduce AD. Here, we discuss the relationship between abnormal cardiovascular control and its underlying neuroanatomy. We then review current studies investigating biochemical strategies to reduce the severity of AD through: 1) reducing aberrant calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive afferent sprouting; 2) inhibiting inflammatory processes; and 3) re-establishing descending supraspinal sympathetic control. Finally, we discuss why additional biochemical agents and combinational approaches may be needed to completely ameliorate this condition.
Hy<scp>RAD</scp>‐X, a versatile method combining exome capture and <scp>RAD</scp> sequencing to extract genomic information from ancient <scp>DNA</scp> (2017)

Summary Over the last decade, protocols aimed at reproducibly sequencing reduced‐genome subsets in non‐model organisms have been widely developed. Their use is, however, limited to DNA of relatively high molecular weight. During the last year, several methods exploiting hybridization capture using probes based on RAD ‐sequencing loci have circumvented this limitation and opened avenues to the study of samples characterized by degraded DNA , such as historical specimens. Here, we present a major update to those methods, namely hybridization capture from RAD ‐derived probes obtained from a reduced eXome template (hy RAD ‐X), a technique applying RAD sequencing to messenger RNA from one or few fresh specimens to elaborate bench‐top produced probes, that is, a reduced representation of the exome, further used to capture homologous DNA from a samples set. In contrast to previous hybridization capture methods, the reference catalogue on which reads are aligned does not rely on de novo assembly of anonymous RAD ‐sequencing loci, but on an assembled transcriptome obtained from RNA seq data, thus increasing the accuracy of loci definition and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP ) call, and targeting, specifically, expressed genes. Finally, the capture step of hy RAD ‐X relies on RNA probes, increasing stringency of hybridization, making it well suited for low‐content DNA samples. As a proof of concept, we applied hy RAD ‐X to subfossil needles from the coniferous tree A bies alba , collected in lake sediments ( O riglio, S witzerland) and dating back from 7200 to 5800 years before present ( bp ). More specifically, we investigated genetic variation before, during and after an anthropogenic perturbation that caused an abrupt decrease in A . alba population size, 6500–6200 years bp . Hy RAD ‐X produced a matrix encompassing 524 exome‐derived SNP s. Despite a lower observed heterozygosity was found during the 6500–6200 years bp time slice, genetic composition was nearly identical before and after the perturbation, indicating that re‐expansion of the population after the decline was most likely driven by local specimens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a population genomic study incorporating ancient DNA samples of tree subfossils is conducted at a moderate cost using reproducible exome‐reduced complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of β‐Fluorovinamidinium Salt with Activated Methylene Compounds. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visible Light-Mediated (Hetero)aryl Amination Using Ni(II) Salts and Photoredox Catalysis in Flow: A Synthesis of Tetracaine (2020)

We report a visible light-mediated flow process for C-N cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl halides with a variety of amine coupling partners through the use of a photoredox/nickel dual catalyst system. Compared to the method in batch, this flow process enables a broader substrate scope, including less-activated (hetero)aryl bromides and electron-deficient (hetero)aryl chlorides, and significantly reduced reaction times (10 to 100 min). Furthermore, scale up of the reaction, demonstrated through the synthesis of tetracaine, is easily achieved, delivering the C-N cross-coupled products in consistently high yield of 84% on up to a 10 mmol scale.
DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL MEASURES BY MID-INFRARED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN SOILS WITHIN A LANDSCAPE (2002)

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of sample diversity on mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopic calibrations for biological measures in soils. A total of 136 soil samples representing a landscape within a small watershed were taken from a 20-ha field. The samples were obtained in a grid pattern from the first 10 centimeters. Soil samples were analyzed by mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and by conventional methods for total C and N, biomass C and N, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase. Dried and ground samples, non-KBr diluted, were scanned from 4000 to 400 cm−1 (4 cm−1 resolution, 64 co-added scans) on a DigiLab FTS-60 Fourier transform spectrometer using a custom made sample transport that allowed a sample area of 50 by 2-mm to be scanned. Results using partial least squares regression showed that diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy was capable of determining, to some degree, compositional parameters (total C and N) and biological activity as reflected by three enzymes. Based on calibration errors relative to the mean analyte values, the results for the measures of biological activity were as good as those found in previous studies using a less diverse (mineralogically) set of samples, although calibrations for biomass C and N were not feasible. In general, the results using mid-infrared spectra were also more accurate than those found using near-infrared spectra for the same samples.
Effects of Thermal Treatment on Structure of Fe&ndash;Co&ndash;Ni&ndash;Zr&ndash;B Glassy Alloy with a Large Supercooled-Liquid Region Studied by M&ouml;ssbauer Spectroscopy (2000)

Structural change in the supercooled-liquid region of Fe58Co7Ni7Zr8B20 glassy alloy has been examined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Analyses of the Mössbauer spectra showed that the hyperfine field distribution patterns in quenched states from supercooled-liquid state differ from that in the as-melt-spun state. As the quenching temperature increases, the hyperfine field distribution tends to show several peaks some of whose hyperfine field values seem to correspond well to those in crystalline Fe, Fe3B, Fe2B and Fe2Zr, although these distribution peaks are quite broad. These results as well as the initial crystallization behavior indicate that the thermal treatment in the supercooled-liquid region causes a compositional short-range order. It is, however, supposed that the chemical bond strengths are competitive among the Fe3B-, Fe2B-, FeZr2- and Fe–Zr–B-type compositional short-range order, and their growth frustrate each other in the supercooled-liquid region. This competitive frustration should be one of the reasons for the thermal stability against crystallization that occurs in the glassy alloys with a large supercooled-liquid region.
Hydrophobic Protein−Polypyrrole Interactions:  The Role of van der Waals and Lewis Acid−Base Forces As Determined by Contact Angle Measurements (2002)

Adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) onto conducting polypyrrole powders, doped with chloride (PPyCl), dodecyl sulfonate (PPyDS), and tosylate (PPyTS), has been monitored in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and pH 7.4 using UV−visible spectroscopy in conjunction with the depletion method. The decreasing trend of adsorption was PPyTS > PPyDS > PPyCl and was interpreted in terms of hydrophobic interactions. Electrochemically synthesized PPyCl, PPyDS, and PPyTS films were used as model surfaces for contact angle measurements. Both static, advancing, and receding water contact angle (θW) suggested that the PPyTS is the most hydrophobic polymer among the three under test. The simple measure of θW permitted qualitative interpretation of the adsorption trend in terms of hydrophobic protein−PPy interactions. The van Oss−Good−Chaudhury (VOGC) method was further used to determine the dispersive, acidic, and basic components of the surface free energy (γSd, γS+, and γS-, respectively) of the conducting polypyrroles. These components show that polypyrrole generally behaves as a strong Lewis acid. The three surface free energy components were subsequently used to assess the absolute hydrophobicity of the substrates (ΔG1W1), that is, the PPy−PPy interaction in water, the trend of which is that of protein adsorption. More importantly, the VOGC theory permitted determination of ΔG1W2, the free energy of protein−PPy in water, that is, the extent of hydrophobic interaction forces. The decreasing trend of ΔG1W2 values (absolute) was found to be PPyTS > PPyDS > PPyCl. This is a quantitative evidence for the role of hydrophobic interactions at the protein−PPy interface. In the case of PPyTS and PPyDS, the acid−base force contribution was much more important than the van der Waals one. In contrast, for the HSA−PPyCl system, the van der Waals forces predominantly contributed to ΔG1W2.
Low‐frequency microtremor anomalies at an oil and gas field in Voitsdorf, Austria (2008)

ABSTRACT Results of a passive microtremor survey at an oil and gas field in Voitsdorf, Austria, are presented. The survey consists in six parallel profiles approximately 9 km long over two hydrocarbon reservoirs. For each profile the seismic wavefield was recorded synchronously at 11 in‐line stations. The measurements were conducted with broadband seismometers and lasted, for each profile, at least 12 hours overnight. Data interpretation is based on a comprehensive data set and on the analysis of four different spectral attributes. These attributes quantify the characteristic features of the wavefield's Fourier spectra in the low‐frequency range (<10Hz). One attribute quantifies the spectral energy in the vertical wavefield component, another attribute quantifies the maxima in vertical‐to‐horizontal spectral ratios and two attributes describe the frequency shifts of peaks within the spectra of vertical and horizontal wavefield components. Due to temporal variations of the signals we combine the long‐term measurements (several hours of continuous records) of multiple profiles. This procedure considerably enhances the consistency of each spectral attribute and makes them suitable to quantify lateral variations of the wavefield. The results show that using a combination of several attributes significantly increases the reliability of detecting anomalies in the microtremor wavefield that are presumably caused by hydrocarbon reservoirs. A numerical study of two‐dimensional seismic wave propagation is applied to investigate the peak frequency shift attributes. The results of the study indicate that the attributes may contain information on the depth of hydrocarbon reservoirs, assuming that the reservoir acts as a (secondary) source of low‐frequency seismic waves.
A passive, in situ micro strain gauge (2002)

A passive micro strain gauge based on the strain magnification technique has been designed, demonstrated, and characterized. This strain gauge can be fabricated in situ along with active micro sensors or actuators on the same chip for monitoring residual strain effects. Both tensile or compressive strain could be easily observed under optical microscopes and the resolution of strains as small as 0.001% could be achieved. The residual strain study of RTA (rapid thermal annealing) polysilicon is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HLA-A11 Gene Loci Is Strongly Predictive of Susceptibility to Severe Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) (2012)

Purpose: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is a genetic marker which may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis is not only a diagnostic hallmark for NAFLD, but also an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases. The overall aim of our study is to assess the association between HLA Class I Antigens polymorphism and severe hepatic steatosis. Methods: Blood samples from patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were genotyped with Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide method (PCR-SSO) for HLA Class I Antigens (HLA-A,-B and-C). Presence and grade of hepatic steatosis was defined histologically. Statistical analysis was performed to draw correlations between HLA Antigen frequencies and the different variables using multivariate analysis, p-values less than 0.05 were considered to be potentially significant. Results: The study cohort include 199 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD [Age=47.143+/-12.76; Female=137 (69.9%); White=150 (78.5%); Diabetes Mellitus=44 (22.4%); Hyperlipidemia=7 (38.9%)]. Our univariate analyses showed that HLA-A11, -B51, were significantly associated with high grade hepatic steatosis (p=0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Using multivariate analyses, our data demonstrates an independent association between HLA-A11 and high grade hepatic steatosis [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.101 (0.015-0.665) p=0.017]. Additionally, ethnicity also seems to play a role in predisposing to steatosis. There is an association between white race and high grade hepatic steatosis in comparison to the other races (Black, Hispanic and others [OR: 0.021 (0.002-0.238) p=0.001]. We found an interesting strong association between sex and severe steatosis in patients with NAFLD. Females were more at risk of developing severe steatosis than males [OR: 5.387 (1.437-0.20.196), p =0.012]. As expected, BMI plays a major role in susceptibility to high grade hepatic steatosis [OR: 1.312 (1.198-1.436), p =0.000]. Conclusion: HLA-A11 may represent an independent risk factor for development of hepatic steatosis among patients with NAFLD. These HLA risk haplotypes may help identify NAFLD patients with increased risk for developing not only liver disease but also cardiovascular diseases.