gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Parameters Which Reduce the Number of Manipulator Configurations (1992)

Abstract The inverse kinematics of series-chain, six-degree-of-freedom manipulators has been developed to the point where it yields all possible configurations for a given end-effector position and orientation. In this paper we use the methods of inverse kinematics to uncover the conditions on the structural parameters which cause a manipulator to yield a lower maximum number of configurations than its general class. It is shown that the following conditions can cause a diminution In the maximum number of possible configurations: parallel joint axes, perpendicular joint axes, intersecting joint axes, and Bennett geometries. Using these geometries in 6R, 5R1P, 4R2P and 3R3P chains, this paper determines the reduction in degree of their characteristic polynomials.
Functionalized Silanes for the Preparation of Siloxane-Anchored Monolayers (1999)

Siloxane-anchored monolayer films are best prepared by the self-assembly of trichlorosilanes. The moisture sensitivity and chemical reactivity of the trichlorosilane moiety complicates the synthesis and purification of the ω-functionalized alkyltrichlorosilanes that are the building blocks for functionalized monolayer surfaces. Obtaining these materials is facilitated by using trialkoxysilanes as synthetic intermediates. They offer superior stability with respect to various synthetic operations. This allows the flexibility to incorporate the silane functionality at various stages of a multistep synthesis. This relative stability has also allowed us to develop a general approach to their purification by chromatography (using Si(OCH3)4 as an additive), making them useful in removing undesired side products. Ultimately, the usefulness of the alkoxysilanes is also evidenced in the ease with which they can be converted into the trichlorosilanes, as needed for monolayer self-assembly. Trichloroacetyl chloride has proven to be the optimal reagent for this transformation.
Reproductive Responses of Common Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) Exposed in Cages to Influent of the Las Vegas Wash in Lake Mead, Nevada, from Late Winter to Early Spring (2004)

The Las Vegas Wash (LW) delivers tertiary-treated municipal wastewater effluent, nonpotable shallow groundwater seepage, and runoff from the urbanized Las Vegas Valley to Las Vegas Bay (LX) of Lake Mead. To investigate the potential for contaminants in LW influent to produce effects indicative of endocrine disruption in vivo, adult male and female common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed in cages for 42-48 d at four sites in Lake Mead: LW, LX, and two reference locations in the lake. End points examined included gonadosomatic index; gonad histology; concentrations of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and plasma sex steroids (17beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)); plasma estrogen:androgen ratios (E2:T, E2:11-KT), in vitro production of T by gonad tissue, and hepatopancreas ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity. Few differences among fish caged at different sites were potentially attributable to exposure to contaminants
Thermochemistry of beryllium β-diketonates and Be–O bond energies (1977)

Enthalpies of formation of the crystalline complexes of beryllium with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (dpm), 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione (tfac), and tropolone, have been determined at 298.15 K by solution calorimetry: ΔHf°[Be(dpm)2](c)=–386.5 ± 2.0 kcal mol–1, ΔHf°[Be(tfac)2](c)=–597.3 ± 2.0 kcal mol–1, and ΔHf°[Be(trop)2](c)=–208.56 ± 0.42 kcal mol–1. Gas phase enthalpies have been calculated and from these the Be–O bond energies have been derived.
Thin foil silicon solar cells with coplanar back contacts (1981)

To fabricate 50 microns thick, coplanar back contact (CBC) silicon solar cells, wraparound junction design was selected and proved to be effective. The process sequence used, the cell design, and the cell performance are described. CBC cells with low solar absorptance have shown AMO efficiencies to 13%, high cells up to 14%; further improvements are projected with predictable optimization.
Corrosion of Resulfurized Free-Machining Stainless Steels (1970)

The influence of manganese (0.3 to 2.4%), sulfur (0.01 to 0.4%), sulfide composition, and heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of 13% chromium, 17% chromium and 18% chromium-9% nickel steels has been investigated. Corrosion in acid solutions, high humidity, and salt spray is dependent upon sulfide composition which in turn is determined by the manganese to sulfur ratio in the steel. Low manganese resulfurized stainless steels which contain chromium rich sulfides are inherently more corrosion resistant than high manganese steels containing manganese rich sulfides. The influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of resulfurized steels is similar to that for residual sulfur grades. Sulfide composition also controls the behavior of these steels during nitric acid passivation treatments. Highly oxidizing solutions must be used to avoid attack during these treatments particularly for steels with high manganese to sulfur ratios. These solutions do not dissolve the commonly used tool steels (particles of which might be imbedded in the surface of a machined part) but can improve subsequent corrosion resistance by removing deleterious manganese rich sulfides. These improvements are most marked in the high manganese 13% chromium alloys. Passivation treatments can increase the corrosion susceptibility of cross section areas in low manganese resulfurized stainless steels.
Outcomes of pregnancy during interferon beta‐1a therapy in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis: Interim results of a postmarketing surveillance study (2015)

Abstract Objectives To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) enrolled in a postmarketing surveillance study of intramuscular interferon beta‐1a ( IM IFN beta‐1a). Methods Safety data were collected from Japanese patients receiving 30 μg weekly IM IFN beta‐1a. Pregnancy outcomes and annualized relapse rates ( ARR ) were analyzed retrospectively in patients who registered into the postmarketing surveillance study. Results A total of 1110 of 1638 patients registered in the postmarketing surveillance study were women. A total of 21 pregnancies (20 patients) resulted in 17 live births, 2 induced abortions, one spontaneous abortion and one unknown outcome. Weights and lengths of the 17 newborns were similar to newborns in the general Japanese population. No complications or malformations were reported. Of these 20 patients, nine experienced relapses in the year after childbirth, two experienced relapses in the year before pregnancy, and one experienced relapses before and during pregnancy. The mean (standard deviation) ARR was 0.94 (2.18) in the year before pregnancy, 0.25 (1.00), 0 (0) and 0 (0) in the three trimesters of pregnancy, and 1.05 (1.81), 0.84 (1.68), 0.63 (2.01) and 0.21 (0.92) in the first four quarters postpartum. Of the five patients who relapsed during the first quarter postpartum, only one had resumed IFN beta‐1a treatment for 35 days. Conclusions Although sample size limits our ability to draw definitive conclusions, we did not find evidence that IFN beta‐1a has adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes in Japanese patients with MS . Early IFN beta‐1a resumption might reduce the risk of relapse within the first quarter postpartum.
Phosphorus recovery and recycling from model animal wastewaters using materials prepared from rice straw and corn cobs (2021)

Anthropogenic loss of phosphorus to surface waters not only causes environmental problems but depletes valuable phosphorus reserves. In this study, magnesium amended biochars and magnesium silicate, synthesized from corn cobs and rice straw, respectively, were evaluated for phosphorus uptake including the effects of pH and alkalinity. The overall goal was to close the phosphorus loop by recovering phosphorus from animal waste and reusing it as fertilizer. After phosphorus uptake, spent materials were tested for phosphorus release using modified soil tests representing different soil pH and alkalinity conditions. In experiments using model animal wastewaters containing both ammonia and bicarbonate alkalinity, dissolved phosphorus was removed by struvite (MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) formation, whereas in deionized water, dissolved phosphorus was removed by adsorption. Alkalinity in the model animal wastewaters competed with phosphate for dissolved or solid-associated magnesium, thereby reducing phosphorus uptake. Spent materials released significant phosphorus in waters with bicarbonate alkalinity. This work shows that abundant agricultural wastes can be used to synthesize solids for phosphorus uptake, with the spent materials having potential application as fertilizers.
Compilation Techniques for Efficient Encrypted Computation. (2012)

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) techniques are capable of performing encrypted computation on Boolean circuits, i.e., the user specifies encrypted inputs to the program, and the server computes on the encrypted inputs. Applying these techniques to general programs with recursive procedures and data-dependent loops has not been a focus of attention. In this paper, we take a first step toward building a compiler that, given programs with complex control flow, generates efficient code suitable for the application of FHE schemes. We first describe how programs written in a small Turingcomplete instruction set can be executed with encrypted data and point out inefficiencies in this methodology. We then provide examples of transforming (a) the greatest common divisor (GCD) problem using Euclid’s algorithm and (b) the 3-Satisfiability (3SAT) problem using a recursive backtracking algorithm into a path-levelized form to which FHE can be applied. We describe how path levelization reduces control flow ambiguity and improves encrypted computation efficiency. Using these techniques and datadependent loops as a starting point, we then build support for hierarchical programs made up of phases, where each phase corresponds to a fixed point computation that can be used to further improve the efficiency of encrypted computation. In our setting, the adversary learns an estimate of the number of steps required to complete the computation, which we show is the least amount of leakage possible.
Liquid‐Crystalline Colloidal Particles (2004)

Abstract Summary: Here we report about the synthesis of colloidal particles of nematic and smectic liquid‐crystalline polymers. For this purpose mesogen‐containing acrylate monomers were synthesized and polymerized in a special modification of a precipitation polymerization called dispersion polymerization. By variation of the polymerization conditions colloidal particles of different size and polydispersity could be obtained including very narrowly distributed samples in optimized batches. On azobenzene‐containing colloidal particles switching experiments with polarized light were performed. It could be observed that the nematic director of the mesogens within the colloidal particles can be rotated due to the photochemical trans‐cis ‐isomerization of the azobenzene chromophores. Microscope images of a monolayer of P3‐9 . magnified image Microscope images of a monolayer of P3‐9 .
2-Amino-4-chloro-6-(4-carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine hemihydrate (2000)

The structure of the title compound, C 10 H 15 ClN 5 O·0.5H 2 O, comprises non-planar molecules that associate via N—H...N and N—H...O interactions to form a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded array. The water molecule resides on a twofold axis and is also involved in the hydrogen-bonding network.
Trace Visualization Using Hierarchical Edge Bundles and Massive Sequence Views (2007)

One way of gaining understanding of a software system is the analysis of dynamic information, i.e., program execution traces. A problem regarding the analysis of such traces is the fact that these are often extremely large: hundreds of thousands and even millions of calls within a single trace are no exception. To aid a user in navigating and understanding these vast amounts of information, we propose to visualize execution traces using two linked views. One is an element interaction view that shows part of a trace, i.e., those calls within a specific time window, using hierarchical edge bundles (HEBs). The other is a more detailed massive sequence view that is synchronized with the HEB view and offers detailed information regarding the temporal location and interleaving of the calls within the current time window. This view also introduces a novel way of antialiasing based on the importance of calls. In this paper, we focus- on the technical aspects of the visualization and rendering techniques that are necessary to produce scalable visualizations using HEBs and massive sequence views.
Double Cyclometalation: Implications for C—H Oxidative Addition with PCP Pincer Compounds of Iridium (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Genes <i>rubA</i> and <i>rubB</i> for Alkane Degradation in <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. Strain ADP1 Are in an Operon with <i>estB</i> , Encoding an Esterase, and <i>oxyR</i> (1999)

Alkanes are oxidized in Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1 by a three-component alkane monooxygenase, composed of alkane hydroxylase, rubredoxin, and rubredoxin reductase. rubA and rubB encode rubredoxin and a NAD(P)H-dependent rubredoxin reductase. We demonstrate here that single base pair substitutions in rubA or rubB lead to defects in alkane degradation, showing that both genes are essential for alkane utilization. Differences in the degradation capacity for hexadecane and dodecane in these mutants are discussed. Two genes, estB and oxyR, are located downstream of rubB, but are not necessary for alkane degradation. estB encodes a functional esterase. oxyR encodes a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, conferring resistance to hydrogen peroxide. rubA, rubB, estB, and oxyR constitute an operon, which is constitutively transcribed from a sigma70 promoter, and an estB-oxyR containing message is also transcribed from an internal promoter.
Perpendicular write process and head design (2002)

A potential advantage of perpendicular recording derives from the supposition that the perpendicular geometry, with the medium effectively in the write gap, permits higher anisotropy media for a given head saturation induction. We test these conjectures by looking in more detail at practical considerations limiting write field, using analytical approximations and finite element models, and report some experiments verifying the ability to write high coercive field media.
SUBWAY TUNNELS IN AREAS OF MINING SUBSIDENCE IN THE RUHR DISTRICT, GERMANY (1976)

Because the city of Gelsenkirchen is undergoing subsidence movements due to coal mining, special problems arise in the design and erection of the tunnel for the underground system of the municipal railway. The principal results of the design rules derived from extensive preliminary studies are discussed. The subsidence movements are causing compression and straining of the ground in which the tunnel is embedded. These actions of the soil have to be translated into idealized design displacements for engineering purposes. If the tunnel structure follows these deformations without restraints, no stresses (or, at least, only minor stresses) will occur. The conditions to which the tunnel structure should comply are cited. The design principles proposed are those of a tunnel lining that is almost completely flexible in the direction of the tunnel axis and stiff transversely to the axis. The theory of plasticity is applied to calculate the strains and stresses due to subsidence movements. Thus, the material chosen for the tunnel lining should provide sufficient capacity to yield without coming close to rupture. General rules for the design principle are given for tunnels constructed either by cut-and-cover or by covered driving.
Key Derivation Functions and their Uses (2010)

This note surveys the existing designs for Key Derivation Functions
(KDFs), the purposes for which they are used, and their security and
usability goals. Importantly, some important protocols use KDFs for
multiple purposes. We offer conclusions to guide future standards work
and research on KDFs.
McLean<i>et al.</i>Reply (2002)

A Reply to the Comment by Seung Mi Lee, Sung-Hoon Lee, and Matthias Scheffler.Received 12 September 2002DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.239602©2002 American Physical Society
Synthesis of multi-DOF mechanisms by using connecting chains (1991)

A procedure for the synthesis of mechanisms with multiple degrees of freedom using connecting chains has been developed. The concepts of mobile and quasi-mobile spaces are defined with respect to the screw spaces formed by joint motors in the connecting chains. In a mechanism with multiple degrees of freedom such that a fixed link and an output link are connected by several chains, the output link can execute any motion belonging to the space which is given by the intersection of the screw spaces of the connecting chains. The condition that the screw spaces of the connecting chains are either mobile or quasi-mobile with respect to the motion of the output link is proved to be sufficient for this intersection of screw spaces to remain unchanged throughout the motion of the mechanism. Examples of the synthesis of mechanisms for translational motion are used to demonstrate that mechanisms with multiple degrees of freedom capable of executing prescribed motions can be synthesized by using this condition.
Heterocyclic compounds from 3,3‐dimercapto‐1‐aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones. Note 3. Condensation with <i>N</i>‐methyl‐<i>o</i>‐phenylenediamine and <i>N</i>‐benzyl‐<i>o</i>‐phenylenediamine (1975)

Abstract Two seven‐membered ring compounds and three five‐membered ring compounds were obtained by reaction in hot xylene of 3,3‐dimercapto‐l‐phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐one (1) with N ‐alkyl‐ o ‐phenylenediamines (2) . Compounds isolated were the 4‐phenyl‐5‐alkyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐2 H ‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones (3) the 1‐alkyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2 H ‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones (4) , the 1‐alkyl‐2‐phenacylbenzimidazoles (5) , the 1‐alkyl‐2‐phenylbenzimidazoles (6) and the 1‐alkyl‐2‐methylbenzimidazoles (7) . The structures of these compounds were elucidated from their chemical reactivity and their nmr and ir spectra.
Equational Reasoning and Term Rewriting Systems (1993)

Abstract Anequational system is a set of equations. Often we are interested in knowing if an equation follows logically from the given set. For example, given the equationsx + y = y + x, (x + y) + z = x 4-(y 4-z), and — ( —(x +y) + - (x + -y)) = x, we might want to know if the equation — ( —(x +y) + - (x + -y)) = x is a logical consequence. As another example, we might want to know if x *y = y * x in a group in whichx =e for allx. Such systems are of interest for computer scientists as well as mathematicians. Common data structures like lists and stacks can often be described by such sets of equations. Furthermore, systems for mechanizing such proofs on a computer are becoming more and more powerful. In addition, a functional program is essentially a set of equations, typically with higher order functions, and the execution of a program is then a kind of equational reasoning. We will discuss methods of inference that are particularly adapted to equational systems without explicit higher order functions. We will also discuss systems in which the equations may have conditions attached. Next we will consider the use of equational reasoning in general theorem proving programs.
A Hankel matrix approach to singular system realization theory (1990)

A Hankel matrix approach to singular system realization theory is presented. The focus is exclusively on discrete-time or descriptor systems. Based on definitions of reachability and observability, the notion of a system Hankel matrix is first defined. The system Hankel matrix is then shown to have reachability-observability matrix factorizations which can be used to solve the realization synthesis problem. The notion of a balanced realization for singular systems is derived using the singular value decomposition of the system Hankel matrix. The theory is applied to synthesizing realizations which have minimum parametric sensitivity properties. It is demonstrated that such realizations are related to the notion of balancing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Finite Element Simulation and Additive Manufacturing of Stiffness-Matched NiTi Fixation Hardware for Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery (2016)

Process parameters and post-processing heat treatment techniques have been developed to produce both shape memory and superelastic NiTi using Additive Manufacturing. By introducing engineered porosity, the stiffness of NiTi can be tuned to the level closely matching cortical bone. Using additively manufactured porous superelastic NiTi, we have proposed the use of patient-specific, stiffness-matched fixation hardware, for mandible skeletal reconstructive surgery. Currently, Ti-6Al-4V is the most commonly used material for skeletal fixation devices. Although this material offers more than sufficient strength for immobilization during the bone healing process, the high stiffness of Ti-6Al-4V implants can cause stress shielding. In this paper, we present a study of mandibular reconstruction that uses a dry cadaver mandible to validate our geometric and biomechanical design and fabrication (i.e., 3D printing) of NiTi skeletal fixation hardware. Based on the reference-dried mandible, we have developed a Finite Element model to evaluate the performance of the proposed fixation. Our results show a closer-to-normal stress distribution and an enhanced contact pressure at the bone graft interface than would be in the case with Ti-6Al-4V off-the-shelf fixation hardware. The porous fixation plates used in this study were fabricated by selective laser melting.
A 20 GHz active integrated multilayer microstrip patch array for portable communication terminals (2002)

This paper presents a multilayer microstrip array architecture utilizing electromagnetic coupling to reduce feed network complexity, device integration to improve noise performance, and bias integration for simplicity.
The Role of Vagal Denervation in Catheter Ablation of Afib (2004)

Success rates of 50% to 80% have been reported for catheter ablation of highly symptomatic, drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). Potential
Comparison of Turbulent Models on 3-D Flow in the SEN of Slab Continuous Casting Controlled by Slide Gate (2010)

The fluid flow in the SEN and its outflow characteristics at nozzle port,after introduction of slide gate system to control molten steel flow rate,are investigated by mathematical simulation using standard k-e model,RSM and experimental measurement by ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (UDV),and the adaptability of turbulence models is also examined. The research results indicate that due to the throttling action of slide gate,a secondary flow,with 80 mm length in vertical direction,appears under the slide gate,and a separated flow,located at 100 mm under the slide gate,forms with the length of 50 mm. At nozzle port,a swirl flow is generated with the swirling direction from the clogging side via nozzle bottom to the opening side of slide gate. The swirling direction of fluid at the nozzle port calculated by standard k-e model is contrary to the measurement result by UDV,but the calculated result obtained by RSM is close to the UDV data. Based on molecular dynamic theory,isotropy hypothesis and history effect,theoretical deficiencies of the standard k-e model are discussed.