gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Torque Balance for Magnetic Anisotropy Measurements (1959)

An automatic torque balance for the determination of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic single crystals is described. The balance consists of a mechanical coupling between a solenoid suspended in a static magnetic field and a single crystal specimen. The torque produced by the specimen causes a minute motion of the solenoid, which is detected by means of a light beam-mirror-phototube network, and an automatically controlled current is fed back to the solenoid, establishing a torque equal and opposite to that produced. A voltage proportional to the feedback current, and thus the applied torque, is recorded on one axis of an X-Y recorder. The other axis is driven by a voltage governed by the direction of magnetic field in which the crystal is suspended. A method that automatically compensates for the deviation of magnetization from applied field direction in highly anisotropic crystals is described, and further advantages of the automatic balance over other systems are discussed.
Association of polymorphisms in the bovine <i>FASN</i> gene with milk‐fat content (2006)

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a multifunctional protein that carries out the synthesis of fatty acids so it plays a central role in de novo lipogenesis in mammals. Previously, we defined the genetic structure and expression of the bovine FASN gene. Our mapping studies placed FASN on BTA19 (19q22) where several quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk-fat content and related traits have been described. This study was conducted to identify polymorphisms in the bovine FASN gene and to study their association with milk-fat content. The bovine FASN gene was screened for polymorphisms in two cattle breeds. Sequence analysis revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and two of them were analysed: a G>C substitution in the untranslated exon 1 (g.763G>C), altering a potential Sp1 transcription factor-binding site, and an A>G substitution in exon 34 (g.16009A>G), which determines a non-conservative substitution of threonine by alanine. Allele-specific amplification of the SNPs in FASN revealed significant frequency differences for both polymorphisms in Holsteins with high and low breeding values for milk-fat content. The intragenic haplotypes comprising exon 1 (alleles G and C) and exon 34 (alleles A and G) polymorphisms were studied, and the existence of linkage disequilibrium between these SNPs was found (D(CG) = 0.048, P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the FASN gene polymorphisms contribute to variation in milk-fat content. We propose that the bovine FASN gene is a candidate gene for a milk-fat content QTL.
<title>Rate-distortion-based mode selection for H.264/AVC in wireless environments</title> (2004)

In the most recent H.264/AVC video codec, a loss-aware rate-distortion based coding mode selection method uses K copies of random variable channel behavior and decoder pairs to estimate the expected distortion at the encoder. The expected distortion can be estimated accurately if K is chosen large enough. However, the added complexity at the encoder is obviously at least K times the decoder complexity. In this paper, we modify another popular rate-distortion based mode selection method, the recursive optimal pre-sample estimate (ROPE) algorithm, by recursively calculating the standard deviation of pixel samples instead of the second moment values. Since the standard deviation values have the same order as the first moment of samples, the revised ROPE algorithm can be easily adopted to the H.264/AVC encoding process. Our experimental results show that the H.264/AVC coder with the revised ROPE algorithm has comparable error resilient capabilities, but it has only between one third to one half of the computation complexity of the current H.264/AVC codec with K=30.
Regulation of Isotype Immunoglobulin Production by Adjuvants in Vivo (1990)

Mice were immunized against fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled human gamma globulin (HGG) or dextran sulphate (DXS) in the absence or presence of different adjuvants. The immune response was assayed as the total Ig-secreting cells and FITC-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) found in various lymphoid organs. The adjuvants influenced the isotype of antibodies produced to the same antigenic determinant. The PFC of different IgG subclasses were favoured by different adjuvants. The IgG3 isotype was produced mainly after immunization with either antigen and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Li salt as adjuvant; IgG1 was produced with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), alum, poly I:C, Quil A, Be salt, and poly A:U. Some of the above adjuvants (Be salt and poly A:U) favoured the production of IgG2b, and others (CFA, alum, Quil A, and poly I:C) favoured the IgG2a isotype besides the main isotype. Attempts were made to correlate the activation by the various adjuvants of certain TH subtypes with the isotypes produced.
A Cloud-Based Development Platform for Services and Bundles of Internet of Things (2013)

Interoperability between heterogeneous objects of Internet of Things (IoT) and massive data generated in the course of processing bring enormous challenges to application development of Internet of Things. To accommodate changeful application requirements of Internet of Things, a cloud-based development platform for services and bundles is proposed. On the basis of the analysis of cloud-based development, web services and Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) bundles, the design principles and architecture of our platform are specified. After key designs are introduced, our prototype implementation and its evaluation are presented. Our targeted prototype provides a collaborative platform and highly available storage in cloud, both of which are proved to be feasible.
Multifunctional Metal Rattle-Type Nanocarriers for MRI-Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy (2014)

In the past decade, numerous species of nanomaterials have been developed for biomedical application, especially cancer therapy. Realizing visualized therapy is highly promising now because of the potential of accurate, localized treatment. In this work, we first synthesized metal nanorattles (MNRs), which utilized porous gold shells to carry multiple MR imaging contrast agents, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), inside. A fragile wormpore-like silica layer was manipulated to encapsulate 8 nm oleylamine SPIONs and mediate the in situ growth of porous gold shell, and it was finally etched by alkaline solution to obtain the rattle-type nanostructure. As shown in the results, this nanostructure with unique morphology could absorb near-infrared light, convert to heat to kill cells, and inhibit tumor growth. As a carrier for multiple SPIONs, it also revealed good function for T2-weighted MR imaging in tumor site. Moreover, the rest of the inner space of the gold shell could also introduce potential ability as nanocarriers for other cargos such as chemotherapeutic drugs, which is still under investigation. This metal rattle-type nanocarrier may pave the way for novel platforms for cancer therapy in the future.
Effects of tea tree oil on Escherichia coli (1998)

Tea tree oil (TTO) stimulates autolysis in exponential and stationary phase cells of Escherichia coli. Electron micrographs of cells grown in the presence of TTO showed the loss of electron dense material, coagulation of cell cytoplasm and formation of extracellular blebs. Stationary phase cells demonstrated less TTO-stimulated autolysis and also had greater tolerance to TTO-induced cell death, compared to exponentially grown cells. It was also revealed that subpopulation of stationary phase cells demonstrated increased tolerance to TTO-bactericidal effects.
Comparison of coincidence identification techniques for high resolution PET (2008)

For increasing the resolution and sensitivity of a PET scanner one of the possible paths to follow consists in using low energy thresholds such that multiple events, specially triples, are present in the data. But if these events are going to be used for the image reconstruction, first, a good identification algorithm should be applied to the data. In this work we have focused in two commonly used sorting algorithms: those which use only a single time coincidence window opened at a time, SW, and those which use multiple simultaneous windows, MW. The investigated sorting methods are simple versions that use exclusively timestamps but do not take advantage of other possible information items, such as energy deposition and/or relative positions of the crystals.
Preparation and characterization of Nano spinel powder via co-precipitation and sol-gel techniques (2013)

Different compositions of pure magnesium aluminate spinel, alumina-spinel and magnesia-spinel Nano ceramic materials were prepared using co-precipitation and sol-gel techniques. The powders prepared from different molecular compositions of the starting materials; 1 : 1, 1 : 4 and 4 : 1 of either magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate (co-precipitation) or magnesium chloride and aluminum hydroxide (sol-gel) were calcined at different firing temperatures; 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500°C. The solid phase compositions of the calcined samples were investigated using x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The crystal size of the fired powders was calculated from XRD patterns using Scherer's equation. The microstructure and solid phase analysis of some selected samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope attached with energy dispersed x-ray unit. Based on the mineralogical, crystal size and microstructure studies, it is concluded that different compositions of pure spinel, magnesia-spinel and alumina-spinel could be attained at different firing temperatures; 900°C, 1100°C, 1300°C and 1500°C via co-precipitation and sol-gel techniques. For economical reasons firing at 900°C is considered sufficient for obtaining pure spinel, magnesia-spinel and alumina-spinel Nano powders (<100 nm); particles prepared via sol-gel are relatively smaller compared with those prepared via co-precipitation.
Exploring the Relationship Between Grape Quality and the Microclimate in Madeira, Portugal (2012)

Landscape characteristics affect vineyard microclimates and influence the quality of grapes produced. There is currently a lack of research examining the microclimatological conditions of vineyards and how they affect grape quality. This study utilizes qualitative methods to explore the relationship between vineyard microclimates and grape quality in Madeira, Portugal. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with local participants involved in the production of wine grapes and are used to reveal the factors affecting grape quality. Interviews accompany a physical inventory of landscape characteristics in the vineyards, and are guided by where interviewees observe changes in grape quality. The findings suggest there is a strong relationship between microclimates and grape quality. These results are utilized to make recommendations for methods of site selection and the microclimatic design of vineyards.
Purification and Properties of an Esterase from the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and Identification of the Encoding Gene (1999)

We purified an intracellular esterase that can function as an S-formylglutathione hydrolase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its molecular mass was 40 kDa, as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was 5.0 by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme activity was optimal at 50 degrees C and pH 7.0. The corresponding gene, YJLO68C, was identified by its N-terminal amino acid sequence and is not essential for cell viability. Null mutants have reduced esterase activities and grow slowly in the presence of formaldehyde. This enzyme may be involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde, which can be metabolized to S-formylglutathione by S. cerevisiae.
Modeling assimilation in nonsegmental, rule-free synthesis (1992)

Only relatively recently have phonologists begun the task of seriously testing and evaluating their claims in a rigorous fashion. In this paper, I attempt to sustain this task by discussing a computationally explicit version of one kind of structured phonology, based on the Firthian prosodic approach to phonological interpretation, which is implemented as an intelligent knowledge-based "front-end" to a laboratory formant speech synthesizer (Klatt 1980). My purpose here is to report on how the superiority of a structured monostratal approach to phonology over catenative segmental approaches can be demonstrated in practice. The approach discussed here compels new standards of formal explicitness in the phonological domain as well as a need to pay serious attention to parametric and temporal detail in the phonetic domain (see Browman and Goldstein 1985, 1986). The paper falls into two parts: the first outlines the nonsegmental approach to phonological interpretation and representation; the second gives an overview of the way "process" phenomena are treated within this rule-free approach and presents an analysis of some assimilatory phenomena in English and the implementation of that analysis within the synthesis model. Although the treatment of assimilation presented here is similar to some current proposals (e.g. Lodge 1984), it is, to the best of my knowledge, unique in having been given an explicit computational implementation.
Popular cryptoassets (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin), Gold, and their relationships: volatility and correlation modeling (2021)

Cryptoassets have experienced dramatic volatility in their prices, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic era. This pilot study explores the volatility asymmetry and correlations among three popular cryptoassets (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin) as well as Gold. Multiple Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are analyzed. We find that positive shocks have a greater impact on the volatility of these financial assets than negative shocks of the same magnitude, perhaps a manifestation of the fear of missing out (FOMO) effect. Our research is one of the first to use COVID-19-period volatility of financial assets (in-sample data) to forecast their later COVID-19-period volatility (out-of-sample data). This forecast accuracy is compared to that produced by forecasts using the same out-of-sample data and a longer in-sample data. Our results indicate that generally, the larger in-sample dataset gives a higher forecast accuracy though the smaller in-sample dataset is from the same regime as the out-of-sample data. We also evaluate the correlations among the assets using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) framework and find that there is an elevated positive correlation between Gold and Bitcoin during the past two years. The Gold-Bitcoin correlation hit its peak during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic and then fell back to around zero in July 2021 when the pandemic crisis eased. Unsurprisingly, there is a strong positive correlation among the cryptocurrencies. Pairwise correlation among all four assets was stronger during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such continuing analysis can inform portfolio asset allocation as well as general financial policy decisions.
Assessment and prediction of natural hazards from satellite imagery (2007)

Since 2000, there have been a number of spaceborne satellites that have changed the way we assess and predict natural hazards. These satellites are able to quantify physical geographic phenomena associated with the movements of the earth's surface (earthquakes, mass movements), water (floods, tsunamis, storms), and fire (wildfires). Most of these satellites contain active or passive sensors that can be utilized by the scientific community for the remote sensing of natural hazards over a number of spatial and temporal scales. The most useful satellite imagery for the assessment of earthquake damage comes from high-resolution (0.6 m to 1 m pixel size) passive sensors and moderate resolution active sensors that can quantify the vertical and horizontal movement of the earth's surface. High-resolution passive sensors have been used to successfully assess flood damage while predictive maps of flood vulnerability areas are possible based on physical variables collected from passive and active sensors. Recent moderate resolution sensors are able to provide near real time data on fires and provide quantitative data used in fire behavior models. Limitations currently exist due to atmospheric interference, pixel resolution, and revisit times. However, a number of new microsatellites and constellations of satellites will be launched in the next five years that contain increased resolution (0.5 m to 1 m pixel resolution for active sensors) and revisit times (daily ≤ 2.5 m resolution images from passive sensors) that will significantly improve our ability to assess and predict natural hazards from space.
Polyoxoanion-supported metal carbonyls: synthesis and characterization of {[(OC)2Rh]5(Nb2W4O19)2}3-, {[(OC)2Rh]3(Nb2W4O19)2}5-, {[(OC)2Ir]2H(Nb2W4O19)2}5-, and [(OC)2Ir(P3O9)]2- (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxoanion-supported metal carbonyls: synthesis and characterization of {[(OC)2Rh]5(Nb2W4O19)2}3-, {[(OC)2Rh]3(Nb2W4O19)2}5-, {[(OC)2Ir]2H(Nb2W4O19)2}5-, and [(OC)2Ir(P3O9)]2-W. G. Klemperer and D. J. MainCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 12, 2355–2360Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00337a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00337a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition metal complexes in organic synthesis. Part 47.1 Organic synthesis via tricarbonyl(η4-diene)iron complexes (1999)

The protection of conjugated dienes by coordination to the tricarbonyliron fragment offers many potential applications of the resulting complexes to organic synthesis. The preparation of tricarbonyl(η4-1,3-diene)iron complexes is readily achieved by a 1-azabutadiene-catalyzed complexation of the free ligands. An asymmetric catalytic complexation of prochiral cyclohexa-1,3-dienes with pentacarbonyl-iron using chiral 1-azabutadienes affords chiral nonracemic complexes. The chiral tricarbonyliron complexes of acyclic butadienes represent versatile starting materials for the synthesis of a broad range of polyunsaturated natural products. Consecutive carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bond formations of the tricarbonyliron–cyclohexa-1,3-diene complexes and arylamines provide many biologically active carbazole alkaloids and a tetracyclic subunit of the discorhabdin alkaloids. The iron-mediated [2+2+1] cycloaddition of trimethylsilylacetylenes and carbon monoxide affords stable 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-substituted cyclopentadienones which are useful substrates for further cycloadditions.
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by piperine during experimental inflammation in rats. (1993)

Carrageenin induced rat paw oedema shows a direct co-relationship with liver lipid peroxidation and not with kidney or brain. Pretreatment with piperine or oxyphenylbutazone reduced the liver lipid peroxidation, acid phosphatase and oedema induced by carrageenin. However, no such co-relationship was observed with treatment of these anti-inflammatory agents in control animals. It is, therefore, suggested that the inhibition of these liver enzymes is non specific in nature.
Approximate Algorithms for Computing Spatial Distance Histograms with Accuracy Guarantees (2012)

Particle simulation has become an important research tool in many scientific and engineering fields. Data generated by such simulations impose great challenges to database storage and query processing. One of the queries against particle simulation data, the spatial distance histogram (SDH) query, is the building block of many high-level analytics, and requires quadratic time to compute using a straightforward algorithm. Previous work has developed efficient algorithms that compute exact SDHs. While beating the naive solution, such algorithms are still not practical in processing SDH queries against large-scale simulation data. In this paper, we take a different path to tackle this problem by focusing on approximate algorithms with provable error bounds. We first present a solution derived from the aforementioned exact SDH algorithm, and this solution has running time that is unrelated to the system size <i>N</i>. We also develop a mathematical model to analyze the mechanism that leads to errors in the basic approximate algorithm. Our model provides insights on how the algorithm can be improved to achieve higher accuracy and efficiency. Such insights give rise to a new approximate algorithm with improved time/accuracy tradeoff. Experimental results confirm our analysis.
Journal Bearings without Circumferential Symmetry under Dynamic Loading (1968)

Since the advent of computers, considerable work has been done on the analysis of journal bearings under dynamic loading. Most of this work has been restricted to bearings with circumferential symmetry, since departure from this assumption increases the computation time very severely. Fortunately, this assumption satisfies most of the cases encountered in practice in the field of reciprocating machines, where the majority of bearings have centre circumferential grooves or oil holes in their lightly loaded regions. However, bearings have been proposed with circumferential grooves over part of the circumference and it has previously been difficult to evaluate such designs. This paper describes a new computer programme which takes advantage of the experience gained in earlier work to analyse the performance of journal bearings without circumferential symmetry under dynamic loading. A practical diesel engine design is evaluated and the results are presented. It is found that the programme requires a 40-fold increase in computing time and therefore cannot be economically used as a routine design tool. However, it is shown that the simpler programme, which assumes circumferential symmetry, may be used to put bounds on the performance of such bearings.
Singularity-robust task-priority redundancy resolution for real-time kinematic control of robot manipulators (1997)

Practical application of the task-priority redundancy resolution technique must deal with the occurrence of kinematic and algorithmic singularities. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, the application of existing singularity-robust methods to the case of kinematically redundant arms is studied. Then, a new task-priority redundancy resolution technique is developed that overcomes the effects of algorithmic singularities. Computational aspects of the solutions are also considered in view of real-time implementation of a kinematic control algorithm. The method is applied to a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator in numerical case studies to demonstrate its effectiveness.