gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatical Hydrolysis of N-Glycans from Glycoproteins and Fluorescent Labeling by 2-Aminobenzamide (2-AB) (2008)

When performing a structural analysis of N-glycans, a number of aspects should be considered. N-Glycans may be hydrolyzed from purifi ed glyc-oproteins, serum glycoprotein mixtures, or delipidated membrane fractions by chemical hydrolysis using hydrazine or enzymatic hydrolysis using PNGase F. Chemical deglycosylation may be an economical alternative to produce N-and O-glycans in a preparative scale, but it is less suitable for analytical purposes. By chemical hydrazinolysis the protein core is destroyed completely and all acyl groups are cleaved from neuraminic acid residues as well as from N-acetylhexosamine residues. If not only a structure analysis of N-glycans is intended but a sequencing of the protein core, an analysis of the different types of neuraminic acids or an elucidation of the carbohydrate structures in distinct glycosylation sites has to be performed in addition, enzymatical deglycosylation using PNGase F is the most suitable way to hydrolyze N-glycans from the protein backbone.
Applications of wavelets in morphometric analysis of medical images (2003)

Morphometric analysis of medical images is playing an increasingly important role in understanding brain structure and function, as well as in understanding the way in which these change during development, aging and pathology. This paper presents three wavelet-based methods with related applications in morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The first method handles cases where very limited datasets are available for the training of statistical shape models in the deformable segmentation. The method is capable of capturing a larger range of shape variability than the standard active shape models (ASMs) can, by using the elegant spatial-frequency decomposition of the shape contours provided by wavelet transforms. The second method addresses the difficulty of finding correspondences in anatomical images, which is a key step in shape analysis and deformable registration. The detection of anatomical correspondences is completed by using wavelet-based attribute vectors as morphological signatures of voxels. The third method uses wavelets to characterize the morphological measurements obtained from all voxels in a brain image, and the entire set of wavelet coefficients is further used to build a brain classifier. Since the classification scheme operates in a very-high-dimensional space, it can determine subtle population differences with complex spatial patterns. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
Struttura di comunita degli Ortotteri e integrita dei sistemi agro-pastorali del Sic-Zps Murgia Alta (Puglia, Italia) (2016)

ORTHOPTERAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND STEPPE LANDS INTEGRITY OF SIC-ZPS MURGIA ALTA (PUGLIA, ITALY) Steppe are one of the most threatened habitat in Western Paleartic Region, because of the transformations due to the diffusion of agricultural practices. In this way, monitoring and time registration of steppe remnants are very important for conservation strategy. The orthopteran group can be used as adequate indicator taxon for monitoring steppe condition as shown by North American and Hungarian studies. In this study the parameters of the grasshopper structure communities for SIC-ZPS Murgia Alta (Apulia, Italy) were tested in relation with steppe integrity. The monitoring was effectuated in 16 sample stations with different natural habitat integrity degree. Our study in Apulia Murgia Alta steppe remnants shows that species richness and diversity indices are good suitability indicators of steppe naturalness. We argue that the use of community grasshopper parameters, in particular species richness and diversity indices, may favour monitoring future programs on the steppe condition and their evolution. Key words: biodiversity, steppa, Murgia, species richness, diversity indices, suitability indicators Gli habitat steppici sono tra i più minacciati della regione paleartica occidentale a causa delle trasformazioni dovute soprattutto alla diffusione delle pratiche agricole. La registrazione e il monitoraggio delle aree steppiche rimanenti risulta molto importante per l’applicazione di strategie di conservazione. Gli ortotteri possono essere utilizzati come indicatori per il monitoraggio dello stato e delle condizioni dell’habitat steppico come descritto in alcuni studi condotti in nord America e in Ungheria. In questo studio sono stati testati i parametri che descrivono la struttura di comunità degli ortotteri per il SIC-ZPS Murgia Alta (Puglia, Italia) in relazione all’integrità delle steppe. Il monitoraggio è stato effettuato in 16 stazioni di campionamento con differente grado di naturalità. Il nostro studio nelle steppe della Murgia Alta pugliese è un primo supporto, evidenziando che la ricchezza specifica e l’indice di i diversità sono degli ottimi indicatori predittivi dello stato di naturalità delle steppe. L’uso dei parametri di comunità degli ortotteri, in particolare la ricchezza specifica e l’indice di i diversità, possono favorire futuri programmi di monitoraggio sulle condizioni e lo stato di evoluzione degli habitat steppici. Parole chiave: biodiversità, steppa, murgia pugliese, ricchezza specifica, indice di diversità, indicatori predittivi.
Analog Single Event Transient Susceptibility of an SOI Operational Amplifier for use in Low-Temperature Radiation Environments. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Chlorinations with Sulfuryl Chloride. III. (a) The Peroxide-Catalyzed Chlorination of Aliphatic Acids and Acid Chlorides. (b) The Photochemical Sulfonation of Aliphatic Acids (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorinations with Sulfuryl Chloride. III. (a) The Peroxide-Catalyzed Chlorination of Aliphatic Acids and Acid Chlorides. (b) The Photochemical Sulfonation of Aliphatic AcidsM. S. Kharasch and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 4, 925–929Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01861a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01861a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expanding the nematode model system: The molecular basis of inflammation and infection recovery in <i>C. elegans</i> (2016)

Keywords: Caenorhabditis eleganselt-2inflammationinflammation resolutionpmk-1Pseudomonas aeruginosaSerratia marcescens
Time-resolved cathodoluminescence by delayed coincidence (1984)

The technique of delayed coincidence has been used for the determination of cathodoluminescence lifetimes from various semiconductors. Results are presented of decay measurements performed on silicon (band-edge luminescence) and gallium arsenide (deep-level luminescence). These are 'materials systems' not usually associated with cathodoluminescence assessment techniques.
A Novel Proof Of Data Possession Scheme Based On Set-Homomorphic Operations (2016)

The prospect of outsourcing an increasing amount of data to a third party and the abstract nature of the cloud promote the proliferation of security and privacy challenges, namely, the remote data possession checking. This work addresses this security concern, while supporting the verification of several data blocks outsourced across multiple storing nodes. We propose a set homomorphic proof of data possession, called SHoPS, supporting the verification of aggregated proofs. It proposes a deterministic Proof of Data Possession (PDP) scheme based on interactive proof protocols. Our approach has several advantages. First, it supports public verifiability where the data owner delegates the verification process to another entity, thus releasing him from the burden of periodical verifications. Second, it allows the aggregation of several proofs and the verification of a subset of data files’ proofs while providing an attractive communication overhead.
Le transfèrement depuis Strasbourg, et les dix premières années de l'École supérieure de pharmacie de Nancy (1872-1882). Un exemple de la difficulté à créer un établissement d'enseignement supérieur presque ex nihilo et dans l'urgence... (2007)

The conclusion of the war conducted by France in 1870 was the annexation of Alsace and Moselle to the German Empire. The question of the becoming of the University of Strasbourg was put a long time before the Francfort treaty.... After many discussions, the transfer of the Faculty of medicine and of the School of pharmacy to Nancy was decided on October 1st 1872. First bound to the faculty, the school became independent in 1876. It suffered some difficult years because of the terms of the transfer decree, of the retirement of two of its four professors, of the ministerial decision to keep free the chairs for some time in order to save money, and of the difficulties of the recruitment of new professors. The paper describes successively the difficulties of the choice of Nancy for the transfer, the situation of the schools of Strasbourg and Nancy in the year 1870, the text of the decree, the beginning of the teachings and the difficulties encountered with the chairs of pharmacy and natural history, and finally the pharmacy students come in Nancy during the early years. Some thoughts on this transfer and on the difficulties occured during these years precede the conclusion.
HDL and ABC Transporters Reduce the Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, with Anti-atherogenic Consequences (2011)

Leukocytosis is a risk factor for athero-thrombotic disease in humans, and develops in animal models of atherosclerosis in response to feeding high fat, high cholesterol diets. The ATP binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 promote cholesterol efflux to apoA-1 and HDL, respectively and are targets of LXR transcription factors. Mice lacking ABCA1/G1 develop a dramatic myeloproliferative phenotype with monocytosis and neutrophilia, associated with expansion and proliferation of hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor populations (HSPCs). The transporters are highly expressed in HSPCs where they act to control proliferative responses to growth factors (IL-3, GM-CSF) by regulating plasma membrane lipid rafts and cell surface expression of the common beta subunit of the IL-3/GM-CSF receptor. In Western type diet fed Apoe-/- mice, monocytosis and neutrophilia also develop in association with proliferation and expansion of hematopoietic stem, multipotential progenitor and myeloid progenitor cell populations in the bone marrow and spleen. Apoe is highly expressed in long term hematopoietic stem cells and to a lesser extent in progenitor populations, and acts in a cell autonomous fashion to control myeloid proliferation, monocytosis and accumulation of monocytes in atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment of Apoe-/- mice with infusions of reconstituted HDL and/or LXR activator resulted in normalization of HSPC proliferation, monocytosis and neutrophilia. Together, the findings suggest that ApoE acts in concert with the ATP binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 to control HSPC and myeloid proliferation, monocytosis and atherogenesis. LXR activators and rHDL infusions exert anti-atherogenic effects by controlling HSPC and myeloid proliferation.
Characterization of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha antiproliferative effects on human cells in culture. (1988)

TNF is a macrophage-derived polypeptide known to cause hemorrhagic necrosis of transplanted tumors and is cytotoxic or cytostatic to a variety of malignant human cells in vitro. However, little is known about its mechanism of antiproliferative activity. Human cervical carcinoma (ME-180) cells in log-phase were treated with various doses of rTNF (from Genentech, Inc., Sp. Act. 5.7 x 10(7) U/mg) for 72 hours. Fifty percent inhibition of cell growth was obtained at a dose of 1000 U/ml (ID50). An identical ID50 was obtained for confluent cells. Maximal antiproliferative effects were observed only with 72 hours continuous exposure to rTNF. Exposure of cells to an ID50 dose for 12 hours or less resulted in no antiproliferative effect; similar to results obtained with murine TNF. The incorporation of [3H] uridine and [3H] thymidine was reduced by 25 and 40% respectively by 24 hours after TNF treatment. [3H] uridine incorporation rebounded to 170% of controls level 72 hours after TNF addition. There was a transient 40% decrease in [3H] leucine incorporation at 48 hours which recovered to control value by 72 hours. These studies show that TNF can suppress both DNA and RNA synthesis while protein synthesis is only transiently affected. Considering its short plasma half-life (approximately 20 min) in vivo, these studies also suggest that for optimal antiproliferative effect rTNF should be administered in a fashion which provides sustained drug levels.
Development of an enzyme-based biosensor for atrazine detection (1993)

An amperometric biosensor for detection of the photosynthetic inhibiting herbicide atrazine is described. The sensor, incorporating the enzyme tyrosinase, was sensitive to a wide range of di- and triphenols. It displayed a fast response, with 95% of the steady-state current being obtained within 25 s, and had a half-life of 8 d but retained some activity for up to 20 d. This biosensor displayed a notable decrease in response in the presence of atrazine. Atrazine inhibition of the biosensor response was found to be reversible. The electrode construction consisted of tyrosinase cross-linked on a poly(pyrrole) coated gold electrode surface. The inhibition of enzyme activity in the presence of atrazine was measured amperometrically. Atrazine concentrations of 5 × 10–6 mol dm–3 were measured in a hydrodynamic cell and of 1 × 10–5 mol dm–3 in a flow-through system.
The toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathway and its possible role in the pathogenesis of<i>Escherichia coli</i>mastitis in dairy cattle (2007)

Mastitis is one of the most costly production diseases in the dairy industry that is caused by a wide array of microorganisms. In this review, we focus on the Gram-negative Escherichia coli infections that often occur at periods when the innate immune defence mechanisms are impaired (i.e., parturition through the first 60 days of lactation). There is substantial evidence demonstrating that at these periods, the expected influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland is delayed during inflammation after intramammary infection with E. coli. Here, we provide some hypotheses on the potential mechanisms of action on how the disease may develop under circumstances of immunosuppression, and describe the potential involvement of the toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction pathway in the pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis. In addition, some ideas are proposed to help prevent E. coli mastitis and potentially other diseases caused by Gram-negative infections in general.
Death receptor pathways mediate targeted and non-targeted effects of ionizing radiations in breast cancer cells (2009)

Delayed cell death by mitotic catastrophe is a frequent mode of solid tumor cell death after gamma-irradiation, a widely used treatment of cancer. Whereas the mechanisms that underlie the early gamma-irradiation-induced cell death are well documented, those that drive the delayed cell death are largely unknown. Here we show that the Fas, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha death receptor pathways mediate the delayed cell death observed after gamma-irradiation of breast cancer cells. Early after irradiation, we observe the increased expression of Fas, TRAIL-R and TNF-R that first sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Later, the increased expression of FasL, TRAIL and TNF-alpha permit the apoptosis engagement linked to mitotic catastrophe. Treatments with TNF-alpha, TRAIL or anti-Fas antibody, early after radiation exposure, induce apoptosis, whereas the neutralization of the three death receptors pathways impairs the delayed cell death. We also show for the first time that irradiated breast cancer cells excrete soluble forms of the three ligands that can induce the death of sensitive bystander cells. Overall, these results define the molecular basis of the delayed cell death of irradiated cancer cells and identify the death receptors pathways as crucial actors in apoptosis induced by targeted as well as non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation.
Energy conservation in a circuit with single electron tunnel junctions (2002)

Much research is currently being carried out in the field of nanoelectronic circuit design. One of the proposed quantum devices is the Single Electron Tunneling (SET) device. This SET device consists of a tunnel junction, through which only an integer number of electrons can tunnel. A new local tunnel condition is derived in this paper. The derivation is based on the discrete character of the tunnel current, represented by a delta function.
Blackbox Polynomial Identity Testing for Depth 3 Circuits (2009)

We study ¿¿¿(k) circuits, i.e., depth three arithmetic circuits with top fanin k. We give the first deterministic polynomial time blackbox identity test for ¿¿¿(k) circuits over the field Q of rational numbers, thus resolving a question posed by Klivans and Spielman (STOC 2001). Our main technical result is a structural theorem for ¿¿¿(k) circuits that compute the zero polynomial. In particular we show that if a ¿¿¿(k) circuit C = ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i¿[k]</sub> A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i¿[k]</sub> ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j¿[d]</sub> ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ij</sub> computing the zero polynomial, where each A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is a product of linear forms with coefficients in ¿, is simple (gcd{A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> | i ¿ [k]} = 1) and minimal (for all proper nonempty subsets S ¿ [k], ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i¿S</sub> A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ¿ 0), then the rank (dimension of the span of the linear forms {¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ij</sub> | i ¿ [k],j ¿ [d]}) of C can be upper bounded by a function only of k. This proves a weak form of a conjecture of Dvir and Shpilka (STOC 2005) on the structure of identically zero depth three arithmetic circuits. Our blackbox identity test follows from this structural theorem by combining it with a construction of Karnin and Shpilka (CCC 2008). Our proof of the structure theorem exploits the geometry of finite point sets in ¿ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> . We identify the linear forms appearing in the circuit C with points in ¿ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> . We then show how to apply high dimensional versions of the Sylvester-Gallai Theorem, a theorem from incidence-geometry, to identify a special linear form appearing in C, such that on the subspace where the linear form vanishes, C restricts to a simpler circuit computing the zero polynomial. This allows us to build an inductive argument bounding the rank of our circuit. While the utility of such theorems from incidence geometry for identity testing has been hinted at before, our proof is the first to develop the connection fully and utilize it effectively.
Safe Base-Station Repositioning in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), large populations of tiny sensor nodes probe the environment and report the collected data to a base-station(s) for processing. Due to the resource constraints, WSNs pose numerous and non-conventional design challenges compared to contemporary communication networks. One of the performance optimization techniques that have been recently proposed is to dynamically relocate the base-station closer to the sensors involved in heavy packet traffic in order to increase energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and timeliness. In this paper, we argue that such relocation may jeopardize the base-station since it often moves the base-station too close to danger zones. We present STEER, an efficient safety-oriented relocation algorithm for base-stations that strives to protect the base-station while maintaining good network performance. The effectiveness of our algorithm is validated in a simulated environment.
Biochemical Response of Soybean Roots to f. sp. Infection (2004)

The soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines (FSG) infects soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots and causes the disease sudden death syndrome (SDS). The biochemical response of soybean roots to FSG infection, which has not been studied before, was investigated by comparing FSG-inoculated and noninoculated roots of two partially resistant (‘PI 520733’ and ‘PI 567374’) and susceptible (‘Spencer’) genotypes. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, was increased in inoculated roots of all three genotypes. The phytoalexin glyceollin increased to much higher levels in inoculated roots of the partially resistant cultivars PI 520733 and PI 567374 than in the susceptible Spencer. The changes in phenolic metabolism were localized in lesion-containing areas of roots rather than in the new portion growing under the FSG inoculum. No clear correlation was found between the glyceollin precursor daidzein (4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone) and its conjugates and glyceollin levels in root tissues; however, isoflavone levels increased only in roots of inoculated plants of partially resistant lines, even though constitutive isoflavone levels were higher in the susceptible control. The FSG growth on potato dextrose agar medium was inhibited by increasing concentrations of glyceollin. Induction of lignin synthesis was found in the inoculated roots of all three lines, with the highest rate of lignification observed in roots of the partially resistant genotypes, especially PI 567374. These studies show for the first time that FSG inoculation of soybean roots in soil induces the phenylpropanoid pathway to synthesize isoflavones, the phytoalexin glyceollin, and lignin, indicating that these compounds may be involved in the partial resistance response.