gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a novel variant (S145C/L311V) of 3 ??-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase in human liver (1999)

Human liver 3alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD) is involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and is also responsible for the reduction of ketone-containing drugs. To account for the interindividual difference in the activity, we isolated and characterized clones for the human liver enzymes. The sequence of the cDNA clone coding for the variant differed from that coding for the wild-type DD by two nucleotides (substitutions of C with G at positions 434 and 931) which caused two amino acid replacements, Ser145 to Cys (S145C) and Leu311 to Val (L311V). The heterologous expression of the variant mRNA was confirmed in four of 31 liver samples from Japanese by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The effects of the mutations on the catalytic properties were examined with the recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli. The introduction of S145C/L311V double mutations resulted in three- to five-fold decreased activities for xenobiotic and steroidal substrates, whereas no significant change was observed by an introduction of the S145C mutation alone. The results substantiate the existence of polymorphic forms for human liver DD, and also suggest the importance of the residue at position 311 for substrate binding to the enzyme.
Studies to investigate cooling of a continuous mass of relocated debris (1994)

The coolability of a continuous mass of primarily ceramic debris after relocation from the core to a lower plenum filled with water is being investigated. These debris coolability questions were raised during the recently completed Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) vessel investigation project (VIP). The TMI-2 VIP results and other evidence 2-5 suggest that conduction through solidified debris was not the only debris cooling mechanism present. However, additional data are needed to identify what cooling mechanisms occurred and develop a database to model this cooling. Because of the potential impact of this additional margin, not currently considered in severe accident consequence analyses, a program has been initiated to address debris coolability questions. This program includes scaling analyses and a design feasibility study. This paper summarizes results from the first part of this program, a scaling analysis to estimate design parameters for experiments simulating debris cooling.
Radar target identification using a combined early-time/late-time E-pulse technique (1998)

The E-pulse technique has been applied in the past to both the early- and the late-time components of a transient radar response. While the late-time E-pulse technique uses aspect-independent waveforms, the early-time E-pulse technique requires a separate waveform for each target aspect angle and thus significantly more storage and processing time. This paper discusses a combination of the two techniques that employs the early-time technique to remove ambiguities generated from application of the late-time method. By narrowing the possible range of aspect angles of the potential targets, the early-time technique can be employed more efficiently.
Influx of Water from Overlying, Undercompacted, Overpressured Shale Beds into Producing Reservoirs (1987)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsGEORGE V. CHILINGARIANChilingarian acted as technical evaluators and translators.T. F. YENChilingarian acted as technical evaluators and translators.
New common-path phase shifting interferometer using a polarization technique (1987)

A new type of phase shifting interferometer with a common-path arrangement using a polarization technique is proposed and discussed. In the interferometer, the dc (specular) component of an object beam is separated in the Fourier transform plane and used as a reference beam for its ac component. The phase of the dc component used as the reference beam is shifted by using a polarization technique for phase shifting interferometry. The present interferometer is different from a shearing type in that the phase distribution of an object beam is directly analyzed from the acquired intensity variations obtained by a 2-D detector such as a TV camera. Some experiments were conducted to verify the validity of the present phase shifting interferometer. They showed that high stability of the phase measurements is achieved up to lambda/200 with an accuracy of lambda/40 for wavelength lambda light. The interferometer is suitable for obtaining 2-D phase information about the surface structure of small objects.
Relaxation Theory (1998)

In this chapter we briefly examine the relationship between Convex Integration theory and the Relaxation Theorem, due to A.F. Filippov [13], in Optimal Control theory, and we prove a general C r-Relaxation Theorem 10.2. In broadest terms the underlying analytic approximation problem for both the Relaxation Theorem and for Convex Integration theory is the following. Let A ⊂ R q and let f: [0,1] → R q be a continuous vector valued function which is differentiale a.e. (almost everywhere), such that the derivative f’(t) ∈ Conv Aa.e., where Conv A denotes the convex hull of A in R q. Let also e > 0. The problem is to construct a continuous map g: [0,1] → R q, differentiable a.e. such that: (i) the derivative g’(t) ∈ A a.e.; (ii) for all t ∈ [0,1], ∥ f - g ∥ < e. Simply put, the problem is to C°-approximate the continuous map f: [0,1] → R q, whose derivatives lie in the convex hull of A a.e., by a continuous map g whose derivatives lie in the set A a.e.
475. The stereochemistry of 10-benzylideneanthrone and 9-benzylidenefluorene (1950)

V. M. Ingram, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2318 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002318
Secrets of software quality: 40 innovations from IBM (1995)

This work features 40 innovations used by IBM, many of which originated at IBM and are being made public. The book/disk combination should arm software managers, systems administrators, CIOs and project leaders with the technical and managerial expertise they need to achieve high-quality software standards. Based on the Malcolm Baldrige Award criteria and drawing from the experience of IBM's largest software development lab, the authors describe current techniques, 13 process innovations, 15 new tools and technologies, and strategies developed by IBM for maintaining and improving quality. Using a hands-on approach, the authors explain each innovation according to the problem it solves; how it solved the problem at IBM; costs, benefits and risks; implementation advice; and references for those needing further information. For example, the book details 12 innovations from IBM that solve the problem of getting high-quality code out on time; 28 innovations showing how to improve the process of developing or testing code; and 28 innovations showing how to use better tools and methodologies for developing and testing code. Readers can learn how to tailor a quality-improvement strategy to fit their own needs, and produce higher quality code with greater efficiency, as well as 100 pitfalls to avoid.
Characteristics of the Multiple-Input DC–DC Converter (2004)

In the zero-emission electric power generation system, a multiple-input DC-DC converter is useful to obtain the regulated output voltage from several input power sources such as a solar array, wind generator, fuel cell, and so forth. A new multiple-input DC-DC converter is proposed and analyzed. As a result, the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically, and the results are confirmed by experiment.
Echosounder Depth Tracking with the Extended Kalman Filter (2007)

Recent degradation of coral reef habitats and the resulting loss in marine biodiversity has created an urgent need for improved characterization and monitoring including seafloor surveys. Most modern systems use sophisticated multibeam sonar and are prohibitively expensive to deploy. As part of a joint effort with The Nature Conservancy we have developed an inexpensive system for coral reef bathymetry estimation using inexpensive single-beam echosounders designed for fish finding. The depth tracking algorithms in these units are not well suited to coral reef habitats which often contain jagged structures and steep seafloor slopes. We propose to use a state-space model of the seafloor backscattering and track the depth with the extended Kalman filter. The initial results suggest that this approach produces better estimates of the depth, is intuitive to tune, has natural method of identifying and diagnosing problems, and provides a measure of confidence in the depth estimates.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS IN SUPPORT OF FLUID-BED FLUORIDE VOLATILITY PROCESSES. PART XIII. CONDENSED-PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE SYSTEM MOLYBDENUM HEXAFLUORIDE--URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE. (1966)

in the vessels were also determined. Passage of the mixtures through the hot vessels resulted in the removal of 99.5 to 99.9% of the plutonium. The solid product remaining in the vessels was plutonium tetrafluoride containing 0.09 to 1.3% uranium. The separation of plutonium hexafluoride from uranium hexafluoride by selective thermal decomposition is applicable to fluid bed fluoride volatility processes for the recovery of fissile material from reactor fuels. (auth)
ISOANTIGENS ABH IN BLADDER TUMORS AS AN INDICATOR OF MALIGNANT POTENTIAL (1984)

血液型抗原の有無について検討し, 既に報告した初発の膀胱移行上皮癌 (grade 1, stage O-A) 22例を対象として, 膀胱癌における血液型抗原の予後予知因子としての意義を検討した. 長期 follow up の結果, 抗原の陰性であった9例では, 癌死4例, high grade 腫瘍への移行1例, 局所再発3例, 再発なし1例であった. 一方陽性13例では, 再発なしが7例と過半数を占め, 再発6例もすべて表在性の局所再発であった. 従って, 血液型抗原の解析は, 膀胱腫瘍の malignant potential の指標として極めて有用であると考えられた. 抗原の検出法に関しては, 今回, 一般に用いられているSRCA法と蛍光抗体法, 酵素抗体法, ならびに, 免疫走査電顕法とを比較検討した. その結果, 現時点では酵素抗体法が最も優れていると考えられた.
Risk assessment of well contamination using a regional stochastic modelling approach (1994)

This paper presents a stochastic risk analysis approach for contamination of water supply wells in agriculturally dominated catchment areas, using a stochastic approach, where a numerical one-dimensional pesticide transport model has been coupled with a numerical three-dimensional groundwater flow- and transport model. The risk analysis is based on Monte-Carlo simulations with multiple realizations of the entire parameter set at a scale of individual agricultural fields. For the generation of the parameter set in the saturated zone the turning band method was used according to the lognormal pdf. Based on a set of soil and aquifer data from literature, the importance of different soil parameter distributions and different agricultural area sizes, were analysed with respect to the variability of the concentration breakthrough curves as observed at an assumed groundwater supply well. Using the coupled stochastic modelling approach the risk of exceeding a given concentration limit was investigated as a result of spatially variable soil and aquifer transport properties.
Modeling a set of heavy oil aqueous pyrolysis experiments (1996)

Aqueous pyrolysis experiments, aimed at mild upgrading of heavy oil, were analyzed using various computer models. The primary focus of the analysis was the pressure history of the closed autoclave reactors obtained during the heating of the autoclave to desired reaction temperatures. The models used included a means of estimating nonideal behavior of primary components with regard to vapor liquid equilibrium. The modeling indicated that to match measured autoclave pressures, which often were well below the vapor pressure of water at a given temperature, it was necessary to incorporate water solubility in the oil phase and an activity model for the water in the oil phase which reduced its fugacity below that of pure water. Analysis also indicated that the mild to moderate upgrading of the oil which occurred in experiments that reached 400{degrees}C or more using a FE(III) 2-ethylhexanoate could be reasonably well characterized by a simple first order rate constant of 1.7xl0{sup 8} exp(-20000/T)s{sup {minus}l}. Both gas production and API gravity increase were characterized by this rate constant. Models were able to match the complete pressure history of the autoclave experiments fairly well with relatively simple equilibria models. However, a consistent lower than measured buildup in pressure at peak temperatures was noted in the model calculations. This phenomena was tentatively attributed to an increase in the amount of water entering the vapor phase caused by a change in its activity in the oil phase.
Regiospecific Synthesis of Symmetrical (1E,3E) 2,3‐Difluoro‐1,4‐diphenyl‐buta‐1,3‐dienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of (Z) 2‐Bromo‐2‐fluoroethenylbenzenes in Presence of Bis(pinacolato)diboron. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoscopic Features of Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductors (2014)

Abstract Review: 38 refs.
Improved Outcome in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Over the Past 25 Years: A Single-Center Experience (2010)

Although imatinib has become standard first-line therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is still considered to be an important treatment alternative for patients with drug resistance or advanced disease. We retrospectively analyzed 175 adult CML patients who underwent HSCT at our institution between 1983 and 2007, with the aim to compare outcomes in patient subgroups and to identify prognostic variables. The median follow-up was 65 months. The probability of overall survival (OS) for all patients was 62%, with a significant improvement seen in the imatinib-era (2001-2007) compared to previous time periods (P <.05). Furthermore, a significantly better outcome for patients with chronic phase CML compared to patients with accelerated or blast phase could be observed (P < .05). Cumulative incidence (CI) of treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 9.7% at 100 days and 1 year after HSCT. CI of relapse was 5% at 1 year and 7.5% at 3 years after HSCT. Post-HSCT outcome was not influenced by pretreatment therapy with imatinib, donor type, or a conditioning regimen with total body irradiation (TBI). These data confirm earlier observations and suggest that allogeneic HSCT is still an important treatment option for high-risk patients with CML, and should thus remain an integral component in current and future treatment algorithms.
Growth Hormone Increases Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Mesangial Cells (2000)

Mice transgenic for bovine growth hormone (GH) develop progressive glomerulosclerosis. However, the proximal signaling events that lead to increased matrix deposition in this pathologic condition are still unclear. Components of the L-arginine metabolic pathway, especially inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), have been associated with glomerular scarring. In this study, mesangial cells were treated with GH, and the expression of iNOS, ODC, and OAT was determined using reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, nitrite accumulation in the conditioned media of mesangial cell cultures was measured in the presence or absence of GH. The findings revealed that GH increased iNOS transcript levels in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest levels being attained at GH concentrations of 20 to 50 ng/ml. The GH-induced increase in iNOS transcript levels was accompanied by a significant increase in nitrite concentrations in conditioned media, which was blocked by the addition of L-N(G)-monomethylarginine. The effect of GH (50 ng/ml) in eliciting nitrite production was as potent as that of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (10 microg/ml). The expression of OAT and ODC, in contrast, was not altered at any of the GH concentrations tested. GH receptor mRNA was also expressed by mesangial cells, independently of the GH concentration present in the cell culture medium. These data indicate that GH may interact with its receptor to regulate the L-arginine/NO pathway in mesangial cells, by directly modulating iNOS expression and NO production, without altering the arginase/OAT/ODC pathway.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the alpha-Helix to beta-Sheet Transition in Coiled Protein Filaments: Evidence for a Critical Filament Length Scale (2010)

The alpha-helix to beta-sheet transition (α-β transition) is a universal deformation mechanism in alpha-helix rich protein materials such as wool, hair, hoof, and cellular proteins. Through a combination of molecular and theoretical modeling, we examine the behavior of alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins with varying lengths under stretch. We find that the occurrence of the α-β transition is controlled by the length of constituting alpha-helical proteins. In the asymptotic limit, short proteins with less than 26 amino acids or 3.8 nm length reveal interprotein sliding, whereas proteins with greater lengths feature an α-β transition, leading to a significant increase in the protein’s stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation capacity at large deformation. Our study elucidates the fundamental physics of this mechanism and explains why the α-β transition typically occurs in protein filaments with long alpha-helical domains.
Ultra linear dynamic Time-over-Threshold with a simple CR-RC filtering (2011)

The Time over Threshold (ToT) method [1] is an effective signal processing method for increasing integrity and decreasing power consumption. However ToT suffers from a poor linearity and its dynamic range is limited. We have proposed a new dynamic Time-over-Threshold (dToT) [2] which converts the pulse height into the time width with a dynamically changing threshold voltage. Its linearity is better than the conventional ToT with a constant threshold voltage, around 3%. This paper describes a new method to achieve further linearity improvement. We propose a combination of a CR-RC filter circuit and a dToT with an RC integrating circuit. In the case that the time constants of the CR-RC filter circuit, the dToT circuit, and the delay time are all the same, the linearity of such a system is much better than ToT (INL:0.1%, theoretically) and the system can still be very simple and the wider dynamic range is achieved. We also analyze its characteristics by changing time-constant parameters and have made a prototype circuit.
Electromagnetic Calculations of the Near Field of a Tip under Polarized Laser Irradiation (1999)

A general model of the near field emission for a tip under polarized laser irradiation is established for the case of imaging and processing by a laser-assisted scanning probe microscope (SPM). The near field emission of an actual SPM tip was calculated using the method of moment. The tip-sample geometry was modelled as a cone approaching a surface at the tip apex. Laser-induced current modes in the tip and sample were established in the form of trigonometric functions. This model can be used for rigorous calculations and has been applied to investigate the dependence of the near field on laser wavelength, tip aspect ratios, tip-sample distance and the dielectric properties of both tip and sample.
Media coding and content processing (2002)

1. Introduction. 2. Media and Data Streams. 3. Audio Technology. 4. Graphics and Images. 5. Video Technology. 6. Computer-Based Animation. 7. Data Compression. 8. Optical Storage Media. 9. Content Analysis. Bibliography.
Tumor development in murine ulcerative colitis depends on MyD88 signaling of colonic F4/80+CD11bhighGr1low macrophages (2011)

Patients with prolonged ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently develop colorectal adenocarcinoma for reasons that are not fully clear. To analyze inflammation-associated colonic tumorigenesis, we developed a chronic form of oxazolone-induced colitis in mice that, similar to UC, was distinguished by the presence of IL-13-producing NKT cells. In this model, the induction of tumors using azoxymethane was accompanied by the coappearance of F4/80+CD11b(high)Gr1(low) M2 macrophages, cells that undergo polarization by IL-13 and are absent in tumors that lack high level IL-13 production. Importantly, this subset of macrophages was a source of tumor-promoting factors, including IL-6. Similar to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, F4/80+CD11b(high)Gr1(intermediate) macrophages were present in the mouse model of chronic oxazolone-induced colitis and may influence tumor development through production of TGF-β1, a cytokine that inhibits tumor immunosurveillance. Finally, while robust chronic oxazolone-induced colitis developed in myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-deficient (Myd88-/-) mice, these mice did not support tumor development. The inhibition of tumor development in Myd88-/- mice correlated with cessation of IL-6 and TGF-β1 production by M2 and F4/80+CD11b(high)Gr1(intermediate) macrophages, respectively, and was reversed by exogenous IL-6. These data show that an UC-like inflammation may facilitate tumor development by providing a milieu favoring development of MyD88-dependent tumor-supporting macrophages.
Automated Tool for Health Utility Assessments: The Gambler II (2020)

<b>Background.</b> The Gambler II is a web-based utility assessment tool supporting visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade-off (TTO) utility assessments. It contains novel features, including an easy to use project development authoring tool and use of multimedia clips for health state descriptions. <b>Objectives.</b> Evaluate the usability and understandability of the patient-facing side of The Gambler. Investigate the feasibility of using The Gambler and evaluate its impact on patient knowledge regarding the relevant health states. <b>Materials and Methods.</b> We used The Gambler to assess utilities on a convenience sample of 55 users for common long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic foot infection requiring transmetatarsal amputation. Using VAS, SG, and TTO, we collected metadata, such as time spent on each assessment and the entire assessment process. We evaluated usability with an adaptation of the System Usability Scale survey and understandability. We evaluated impact on knowledge gained through knowledge assessments about these complications before and after use of The Gambler. <b>Results.</b> Overall satisfaction with The Gambler was high, 4.02 on a 5-point scale. Usability rated highly at 84.93 on a normalized scale between 0 and 100. Knowledge scores increased significantly following use of The Gambler from pretest mean of 68% to posttest mean of 76% (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Average time using the software: ∼7½ minutes. <b>Conclusions.</b> The Gambler is an easy to use and understand computer-based tool for utility assessment. It is feasible to use within clinical encounters to support shared decision making, and it has unique features that make it a powerful tool for investigators interested in research on health utilities.