gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wild jujube polysaccharides protect against experimental inflammatory bowel disease by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function (2015)

Dietary polysaccharides provide various beneficial effects for our health. We investigated the protective effects of wild jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou) sarcocarp polysaccharides (WJPs) against experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function. Colitis was induced in rats by the intrarectal administration of TNBS. We found that WJPs markedly ameliorated the colitis severity, including less weight loss, decreased disease activity index scores, and improved mucosal damage in colitis rats. Moreover, WJPs suppressed the inflammatory response via attenuation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPO activity in colitis rats. And then, to determine the effect of WJPs on the intestinal barrier, we measured the effect of WJPs on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-conjugated dextran permeability in Caco-2 cell stimulation with TNF-α. We further demonstrated that the alleviation of WJPs to colon injury was associated with barrier function by assembly of tight junction proteins. Moreover, the effect of WJPs on TER was eliminated by the specific inhibitor of AMPK. AMPK activity was also up-regulated by WJPs in Caco-2 cell stimulation with TNF-α and in colitis rats. This study demonstrates that WJPs protect against IBD by enabling enhanced intestinal barrier function involving the activation of AMPK.
Short bouts of mechanical loading are as effective as dexamethasone at inducing matrix production by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Dexamethasone (Dex) is used widely to induce differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); however, using a pharmaceutical agent to stimulate hMSC differentiation is not the best choice for engineered tissue transplantation due to potential side-effects. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of dynamic compressive loading on differentiation and mineralized matrix production of hMSCs in 3D polyurethane scaffolds, using a loading regimen previously shown to stimulate mineralised matrix production of mature bone cells (MLO-A5). hMSCs were seeded in polyurethane scaffolds and cultured in standard culture media with or without Dex. Cell-seeded scaffolds were compressed at 5% global strain for 2 h on day 9 and then every 5 days in a media-filled sterile chamber. Samples were tested for mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), collagen type 1 (col 1) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-212 h) after the first loading, cell viability by MTS assay and alkaline phosphatase activity at day 12 of culture and cell viability, collagen content by Sirius red and calcium content by alizarin red at day 24 of culture. Neither Dex nor loading had significant effects on cell viability. Collagen content was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the loaded group compared with the non-loaded group in all conditions. There was no difference in ALP activity or the amount of collagen and calcium produced between the non-loaded group supplemented with Dex and the loaded group without Dex. We conclude that dynamic loading has the ability to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of hMSC in the absence of glucocorticoids.
IgE suppression by maternal IgG. (1983)

Rats born of egg albumin immunized mothers have a diminished capacity to produce IgE antibody to egg albumin persisting for at least 13-14 weeks after birth. At the same time the primary IgG response to the antigen is usually enhanced. Previous studies indicated that these effects were mediated by factors transferred in maternal milk. The phenomenon can be duplicated by the administration of small quantities of immune serum to rats during the first 3 weeks of life. The active component of immune serum is shown to be specific antibody. Suckling rats acquire egg-albumin-specific IgG from the immune mother via the milk. Their serum level approaches that of the mother by 20 days but declines rapidly after weaning to become undetectable by 6-8 weeks. As maternal influence on the immune responsiveness of the offspring persists for several weeks beyond this time, it is unlikely that the mechanism involves a simple blocking by circulating antibody of the access of antigen to cellular receptors. Alternative mechanisms are briefly discussed. Attention is drawn to the possibility that the suppression of IgE antibody responsiveness by maternal IgG may represent a physiological regulatory process with a role in inhibiting the development of infantile allergies.
Local ischemia causes carcinoma-like changes of the rectum (1996)

Our results indicate that, despite its rarity, "ischemic pseudocarcinoma" is an important differential diagnosis to cancer of the rectum. Prognosis is generally good. Only patients suffering from chronic symptoms may require surgical treatment.
'BAR CODING' BIOMOLECULES (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXT'BAR CODING' BIOMOLECULESQuantum-dot-tagged polymeric microbeads provide multiplexed optical codingCELIA M. HENRYView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 29, 24–25Publication Date (Print):July 16, 2001Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 16 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n029.p024https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n029.p024newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Quantum dots,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of thermal decomposition in totally aromatic polyurethanes (1981)

Abstract The primary fragmentation mechanisms in the thermal decomposition of polyurethanes were studied in detail by direct pyrolysis into the mass spectrometer. The remarkable difference in the thermal stability of the two totally aromatic polyurethanes I and II (Fig. 1) reflects their different decomposition pathways. In fact, polymer I undergoes a depolycondensation process that yields diiscyanate and dialcohol as primary thermal fragments. The thermal decomposition of polymer II proceeds instead via the formation of a cyclic compound that has been isolated and characterized. In contrast, open‐chain fragments are generated in the thermal decomposition of the partially aliphatic polymer III.
Recurring Chemotherapy‐Associated Alopecia Areata: Case Report and Literature Review (2003)

A 52-year-old woman with stage IIIC ovarian cancer and stage IA uterine cancer experienced recurring alopecia areata of her eyebrows, eyelashes, arms, legs, and pubic area beginning 5 months after completing chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. The condition recurred in a cyclic fashion over the ensuing months. Alopecia is a well-recognized adverse event associated with chemotherapy; however, to our knowledge, this cyclic pattern of alopecia has not been reported in a patient with cancer. Our report of a cancer survivor who experienced cyclic alopecia areata indicates that this condition may be related to autoimmune changes instigated by chemotherapy. Oncology health care practitioners should evaluate unusual clinical cases of alopecia for underlying pathology.
Protein C in the treatment of coagulopathy in meningococcal disease (1998)

The administration of PC had a beneficial effect on coagulopathy and peripheral gangrene formation associated with meningococcal disease and showed no adverse effects.
Cholinergic synaptic potentials in the supragranular layers of auditory cortex (2001)

Receptive-field plasticity within the auditory neocortex is associated with learning, memory, and acetylcholine (ACh). However, the interplay of elements involved in changing receptive-fields remains unclear. Herein, we describe a depolarizing and a hyperpolarizing potential elicited by repetitive stimulation (20-100 Hz, 0.5-2 sec) and dependent on ACh, which may be involved in modifying receptive-fields. These potentials were recorded, using whole cell techniques, in layer II/III pyramidal cells in the rat auditory cortex in vitro. Stimulation at low stimulus intensities can give rise to a hyperpolarizing response and stimulation at higher stimulus intensities can elicit a depolarizing response. The depolarizing response had a reversal potential of -35 mV, and was reduced by the combination of AMPA/kainate and NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists (AMPA/kainate: CNQX, DNQX, and GYKI 52466; NMDA: APV, MK-801) and by the muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist atropine. The hyperpolarizing response had a reversal potential of -73 mV and could be reduced by atropine, GABA(A) receptor antagonists (bicuculline and a Cl(-) channel blocker picrotoxin), and to a small extent a GABA(B) receptor antagonist (saclofen). This suggests that the hyperpolarizing response is likely to be mediated by ACh acting on GABAergic interneurons. Extracellular recordings, also made from layer II/III of cortical slices, yielded a negative-going potential which was reduced by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists (same as above) and by the ACh receptor antagonists atropine and scopolamine, suggesting that this potential was the extracellular representation of the depolarizing response.
Endocrine management of breast cancer (1989)

The first report that the ovaries influenced the development of the normal human female breast, is to be found in a case record from St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, dated 1775. The surgeon Percival (later Sir Percival) Pott had removed the normal ovaries of a twenty-three-year old girl during the repair of bilateral groin hernias, in which they had become entrapped. He reported that the patient had “enjoyed good health ever since” but that … “Her breasts, which were large, are gone, nor has she ever menstruated since the operation, which is now some years” (Pott 1775).
Spontaneous radiative decay of a continum (1984)

We obtain and discuss a closed-form expression for the time-dependent density matrix associated with spontaneous radiative decay from a continuum or a set of discrete states to a lower discrete state.Received 5 July 1983DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.30.2449©1984 American Physical Society
Frequency hopping sequences with optimal partial Hamming correlation (2015)

Frequency hopping sequences (FHSs) with favorable partial Hamming correlation properties have important applications in many synchronization and multiple-access systems. In this paper, we investigate constructions of FHSs and FHS sets with optimal partial Hamming correlation. We first establish a correspondence between FHS sets with optimal partial Hamming correlation and multiple partition-type balanced nested cyclic difference packings with a special property. By virtue of this correspondence, some FHSs and FHS sets with optimal partial Hamming correlation are constructed from various combinatorial structures such as cyclic difference packings, and cyclic relative difference families. We also describe a direct construction and two recursive constructions for FHS sets with optimal partial Hamming correlation. As a consequence, our constructions yield new FHSs and FHS sets with optimal partial Hamming correlation.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some 4,4″-Disubstituted Lateral Fluoro-1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyls (1985)

A number of laterally fluorinated 4,4″-di-n-alkyl-, 4,4″-di-n-alkoxy- and 4-n-alkyl-4″-n-alkoxy-l,r:4′,1″-terphenyls of structure (I) have been synthesised, with the lateral fluoro-substituent in the central benzene ring. The nematic and smectic thermal stabilities for all three series of compounds, have been examined. A typical example is (I), X = n–C5 HU, Y = n–C3 H7, C–N 50°C and N–I 140.6°C. For the 4,4″-di-n-alkyl-1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyls, the position of the lateral fluoro-substituent with respect to the longest n-alkyl chain is found to be important in determining the smectic behaviour of this class of compound. By using a combination of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and miscibility studies, the complex smectic behaviour of the higher homologues of this series has also been investigated. A comparison of the liquid crystal behaviour of the laterally fluorinated ter-phenyls of structure (I) with their non-fluorinated analogues is also given. A selected number of these compounds, have been further examined to assess their usefulness as high TN −I additives for multiplexed mixtures used in electro-optic display devices.
Rate Adaptation Scheme for Slot Reservation in WiMedia MAC (2007)

The rate adaptation technique is an effective way to reliably transmit data in wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a novel rate adaptation scheme using not only range measurement operation (RMO) for measuring distance, but also average receive signal strength indication (RSSI) values for recognizing further obstacles. A decided data rate based on an estimated channel condition is used for both reliable data transmission and slot reservation in distributed reservation protocol (DRP) of WiMedia MAC. Last, we show the throughput measurement of our scheme working on WiMedia MAC.
An effective automated system in follicle identification for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome using ultrasound images (2014)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a common disorder which is caused by the formation of many follicles in the ovary. It seriously affects women's health. An automated diagnostic system is used to detect such follicles in the ovary region. The effective and automated method for the computer-aided diagnosis of PCOS using ovary ultrasound images is presented. The method is detecting the follicles using object growing. It consists of two major stages including preprocessing phase and follicle identification based on object growing. The speckle noise in the input PCOS ultrasound image is reduced using median filter. After reducing the speckle noise, the local minimum is extracted which represents the possible follicles using enhanced labeled watershed algorithm and the region of interest is selected to make the segmentation part an easier one. The object growing algorithm selects the objects that are likely to be follicles and thus the follicles are detected.
The direction of rotation in alternating-current vector diagrams (1911)

The object of this brief is to present the writer's views on the proper vector representation of alternating-current phenomena. The question is attacked from the point of view of the teacher of alternating currents to undergraduate students.
Swallowable-Capsule Technology (2008)

Annually, over 3 million people in the US alone suffer gastrointestinal (GI) disease serious enough to require hospitalization. In over one-third of these cases, the cause is never found. Despite standard invasive examination techniques, much of the GI tract's inner workings remain a mystery. Procedures exist for examining the esophagus and stomach (gastroscopy) and the colon (colonoscopy), delivering some information at a cost of much distress to the patient. However, the small intestine remains inaccessible. Swallowable capsules have been evolving for almost half a century and are now helping uncover GI tract mysteries in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, we briefly review the history of the technology, present the state of the art, and describe ongoing research.
FORTRAN—As provided by some major machine manufacturers in 1970 (1973)

Abstract In 1970 the authors carried out a FORTRAN benchmark analysis of various medium and large scale computer systems in order to assist the New Zealand universities in choosing new computer equipment. This paper gives the authors' opinions of the quality of the different FORTRAN systems then provided by six major machine companies.
Reptiles in Space Missions: Results and Perspectives (2019)

Reptiles are a rare model object for space research. However, some reptile species demonstrate effective adaptation to spaceflight conditions. The main scope of this review is a comparative analysis of reptile experimental exposure in weightlessness, demonstrating the advantages and shortcomings of this model. The description of the known reptile experiments using turtles and geckos in the space and parabolic flight experiments is provided. Behavior, skeletal bones (morphology, histology, and X-ray microtomography), internal organs, and the nervous system (morphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry) are studied in the spaceflight experiments to date, while molecular and physiological results are restricted. Therefore, the results are discussed in the scope of molecular data collected from mammalian (mainly rodents) specimens and cell cultures in the parabolic and orbital flights and simulated microgravity. The published data are compared with the results of the gecko model studies after the 12-44.5-day spaceflights with special reference to the unique peculiarities of the gecko model for the orbital experiments. The complex study of thick-toed geckos after three spaceflights, in which all geckos survived and demonstrated effective adaptation to spaceflight conditions, was performed. However, future investigations are needed to study molecular mechanisms of gecko adaptation in space.
Double-Directional Beamforming MIMO: A Simulation Study (2007)

Beamforming (BF) and MIMO (multi-input, multi-output) improve coverage and capacity in radio communication. However, they are applied for different goals. BF is used when the channel rank is low and MIMO when the rank is high. Theoretical MIMO studies concentrate on the radio channel capacity limits and usually ignore the effect of actual antennas. This study shows first bit-error-rate (BER) simulation results for a combined BF and MIMO scheme. The Butler matrix (BM) is applied at the transmitter and receiver to create parallel channels and to bring BF gain. Parallel data streams are transmitted via parallel orthogonal beams and the received signals are processed in the beam domain. In the BF MIMO the SINR level is increased and interference between data streams is reduced. Simulation results show remarkable gains in outage capacity. However, preliminary CDMA BER studies reveal that the method suffers from the lack of diversity if no coding over beams is applied.
C-E in-Containment Nuclear Pressure Transmitter: A Qualification Status Report (1983)

Qualifying a piece of equipment for a Class IE incontainment nuclear application is a complex process. First the equipment must be "aged" to simulate a predetermined installed life in a way that is demonstrated to be realistic. Then it must be seismically and environmentally tested to conditions that envelop those that may occur in the design basis accidents. Once thi s process is complete, the equipment is said to be "qualified" for the duration of its installed life to operate properly during normal operation and accidents that are no more severe than the test conditions. The above statement is true only if the equipment is installed, interfaced, and operated consistent with the conditions under which the qualification was performed.
Applying fuzzy AHP to select an automatic container number identification system in port terminals (2010)

Container traffic passing through terminals has increased dramatically. The massive flows of trucks and containers typically cause traffic jams when processing efficiency at a gate is insufficient. Therefore, automatic gate systems that recognize container numbers and truck license plates are needed in container terminals. However, several systems, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and optical character recognition (OCR), can be used for gate automation. How to choose a suitable system is an important planning problem for terminal operators. This study identified the determinants influencing terminal operators while choosing an automated gate system. An objective structure was hierarchically constructed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to aid decision-making when choosing an automated gate system. An empirical study based on a dedicated terminal at the Keelung Port was conducted to assess the suitability of the RFID and OCR systems. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process was applied to calculate the relative weights of criteria and the alternatives. Analytical results demonstrate that the RFID system is the most suitable system for the Keelung Port terminal.
Optical associative processing for multimedia database applications (2002)

Multimedia database management systems require high capacity and performance from secondary storage in terms of fast and uninterrupted retrieval of data objects. In addition, responding to a user query in a timely manner by searching a huge database to retrieve relevant data objects is an important operation in a multimedia system. A variety of parallel optical storage techniques combine massive capacities with high data transfer rates. We present a volume holographic optical memory system that exhibits these desirable characteristics and can also operate as an associative processor. We investigate its potential in terms of three applications: (a) database management, where digital alphanumeric records are stored in the memory, (b) interactive video, where both digital and image data are stored in the memory, and (c) video indexing, where the stored information comprises a sample of frames from a video sequence. It is shown that the optical memory can search the data quickly and provide reliable results in most cases. Certain problems and possible improvements are also discussed.
Use And Costs Of Bariatric Surgery And Prescription Weight-Loss Medications (2005)

The extent of use of bariatric surgery and weight-loss medications is unknown. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we estimate that the number of bariatric surgeries grew 400 percent between 1998 and 2002; such surgeries were performed on 0.6 percent of the 11.5 million adults clinically eligible in 2002. Hospital costs for bariatric surgery grew sixfold to $948 million in 2002. The inpatient death rate declined 64 percent. Among employers that covered weight-loss drugs in 2002, less than 2.4 percent of adults clinically eligible for these drugs used them, with average annual spending of $304 per user.
Extended-wear RGP contact lenses: a viable alternative to refractive surgery. (1994)

The rigid gas-permeable (RGP) extended-wear lens offers a unique alternative to the hydrogel extended-wear lens as well as to refractive surgery. In suitable patients it can provide almost maintenance-free visual correction for a wide variety of refractive errors. With prudent patient selection, use of high-permeability RGP materials, sound lens design and fitting principles, and conservative follow-up procedures, RGP extended-wear lenses can have success rates exceeding those of either hydrogel extended-wear lenses or refractive surgery, with fewer complications. The complications that do occur are often predictable after a short period of daily wear, and the remainder can often be managed with small changes to lens design.