gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring wear with integrated ultrasonic transducers for predictive maintenance in mining (2014)

Maintenance and downtime costs can take a significant part of the cost of mining operation. Additionally, unplanned downtime could cost several times as much as scheduled downtime. Real time measurement of wear and corrosion can provide crucial information needed to determine an optimal schedule for maintenance to maximise equipment availability while ensuring its reliability. It also leads to savings from optimized spare parts handling and helps minimize costs associated with unnecessary preventative maintenance and negative impact on safety and the environment caused by unexpected equipment failures. This paper presents a technology of “painted-on” ultrasonic transducers that can be integrated into structures to be monitored and accurately measure wear or corrosion induced structure material losses through ultrasonic thickness measurement. These transducers have a small footprint, performance comparable to other commercially available ultrasonic transducers, and can sustain temperatures as high as 400 ºC. They are part of the next generation condition-based maintenance that embraces new advanced sensors connected to wireless network and advanced algorithms to provide a powerful tool for maintenance scheduling and consequently an enormous potential for cost savings. The application of this technology to mining equipment and its synergy with other sensors are discussed. A vision of next generation assets management that includes predictive maintenance enabled by wide use of innovative, low cost and wireless sensors is also discussed.
Abstract 2311: Adenovirus-transduced allogeneic dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy (2016)

Abstract Immunotherapy is currently being established as standard treatment for cancer. Immune checkpoint blockade antibodies can cure a large proportion of patients with refractory melanoma and lung cancer, and adoptive transfer of patient-derived CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells results in complete remission in a majority of patient with refractory leukemia. Cancer vaccines based on patient-derived dendritic cells (DC) modified ex vivo to present tumor antigens are promising for cancer treatment especially when combined with immune checkpoint blockade antibodies. Ex vivo-modified DCs are however poor in migrating to secondary lymphoid organs after re-administration. In reality, it is more likely endogenous DC that endocytos the injected DC, mature and then migrate to lymph nodes where they present peptide fragments of tumor antigen to T cells together with required co-stimulation. Herein, we present a new strategy utilizing adenovirus (Ad)-transduced allogeneic DCs (alloDCs) as immunostimulatory adjuvant to induce both innate and adaptive immune response. Ad/alloDC can be prepared, tested and made ready for release in advance and quickly be prepared for injection in cancer patients upon request, thereby minimizing GMP-processing and handling of cells. Besides encoding tumor antigens, adenovirus also provides stimulatory danger signals for DC activation. We show that Ad/alloDCs secret a panel of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-12 and CXCL10 at high levels in a sustainable fashion. We also show that Ad/alloDC recruit and activate neutrophils and NKs to the site of injection. Ad/alloDC can also recruit and interact with allo-reactive T cells to create a proinflammatory milieu, which further recruit and activate endogenous DCs. We verified that endogenous DCs activated in situ by an Ad/alloDC injection migrate to draining lymph node, where they present the engulfed tumor antigen to T cells. We show that these migratory endogenous DCs facilitate T cell activation and proliferation. Moreover, when injected intratumorally, Ad/alloDCs modulate the immunosuppressive environment by reducing the ratio of monocytic to granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, we use B16 melanoma tumor-bearing C57Bl/6 mice injected with adenovirus-transduced DCs from Balb/c origin to obtain an allogeneic reaction. We show that Ad/alloDC treatment could significantly delay tumor growth and prolong survival of tumor-bearing mice. Citation Format: Magnus Essand, Grammatiki Fotaki, Chuan Jin, Mohanraj Ramachandran, Jing Ma, Alex Karlsson-Parra, Di Yu. Adenovirus-transduced allogeneic dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2311.
Relation between Paramylum Content and the Length of the Lag Period of Chlorophyll Synthesis during Greening of Dark-grown <i>Euglena gracilis</i> (1976)

Euglena cells, strains Z and bacillaris, were grown in the dark under various nutritional deficiencies. After 3 days of nondivision, cells were transferred to the light, and the following parameters were measured: the paramylum content at the time of illumination (zero time), the rate of paramylum consumption during the first 10 hours of greening, and the length of the lag phase of chlorophyll synthesis. Similar results were obtained with both strains and can be summarized as follows. (a) The use of various nutritional deficiencies allows the control, to a certain extent, of the amount of paramylum present at zero time. (b) The rate of paramylum consumption is proportional to the cellular paramylum content for values in excess of 50 picograms/cell. (c) The length of the lag phase increases rapidly when the cellular content of paramylum decreases below 50 picograms. This period can be greatly diminished by the addition of an exogenous organíc carbon source. (d) The amount of paramylum (rate of paramylum consumption x length of lag phase) consumed during the lag phase is around 5 to 10 picograms/cell for cells which contain less than 50 picograms of paramylum/cell. It increases when the cellular paramylum content increases, this increment being more rapid for bacillaris than for Z cells.
Rebamipide Increases the Mucin-Like Glycoprotein Production in Corneal Epithelial Cells (2012)

Rebamipide promoted glycoconjugate, which has a property as a mucin-like glycoprotein, in human corneal epithelial cells. The increased production was mediated by MUC1 and MUC4 gene expression.
Dramatically Enhanced Mechanosensitivity and Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio of Nanoscale Crack‐Based Sensors: Effect of Crack Depth (2016)

The sensitivity of a nanoscale crack-based sensor is enhanced markedly by modulating the crack depth. The crack-depth-propagated sensor exhibits ≈16 000 gauge factor at 2% strain and a superior signal-to-noise ratio of ≈35, which facilitates detection of target signals for voice-pattern recognition.
Hyperimmune Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy Treated by Splenectomy (1978)

3 cases of hyperimmune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy are described. Splenectomy was followed by return of the platelet count to normal in all. There was no maternal or fetal death.
[Molecular mechanisms for the formation of topographic retinotectal projection]. (2008)

Topographic maps are a fundamental feature of neural networks in the nervous system. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which topographically ordered neuronal connections are established during development has long been a major challenge in developmental neurobiology. The retinotectal projection of lower vertebrates including birds has been used as a readily accessible model system. In this projection, the temporal (posterior) retina is connected to the rostral (anterior) part of the contralateral optic tectum, the nasal (anterior) retina to the caudal (posterior) tectum, and likewise the dorsal and ventral retina to the ventral (lateral) and dorsal (medial) tectum, respectively. Thus, images received by the retina are precisely projected onto the tectum in a reversed manner. For the formation of topographic maps, molecular gradients in origin and targets are essential. To search for topographic molecules in the embryonic retina, we performed a large-scale screening and successfully identified a variety of molecules with various asymmetrical expression patterns along both axes in the developing retina. Included were many novel molecules with unknown functions, together with known molecules. Through analyses of these molecules, we can now present gene cascades for the retinal patterning and for the establishment of topographic retinotectal projection. In addition, we identified protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (Ptpro) as a specific PTP that regulates Eph receptors. We show that Ptpro controls the sensitivity of retinal axons to ephrins, and thereby plays crucial roles in the topographic projection.
Orientation bandwidths are invariant across spatiotemporal frequency after isotropic components are removed (2009)

It is well established that mammalian visual cortex possesses a large proportion of orientation-selective neurons. Attempts to measure the bandwidth of these mechanisms psychophysically have yielded highly variable results ( approximately 6 degrees -180 degrees ). Two stimulus factors have been proposed to account for this variability: spatial and temporal frequency; with several studies indicating broader bandwidths at low spatial and high temporal frequencies. We estimated orientation bandwidths using a classic overlay masking paradigm across a range of spatiotemporal frequencies (0.5, 2, and 8 c.p.d.; 1.6 and 12.5 Hz) with target and mask presented either monoptically or dichoptically. A standard three-parameter Gaussian model (amplitude and width, mean fixed at 0 degrees ) confirms that bandwidths generally increase at low spatial and high temporal frequencies. When incorporating an additional orientation-untuned (isotropic) amplitude component, however, we find that not only are the amplitudes of isotropic and orientation-tuned components highly dependent upon stimulus spatiotemporal frequency, but orientation bandwidths are highly invariant ( approximately 30 degrees half width half amplitude). These results suggest that previously reported spatiotemporally contingent bandwidth effects may have confounded bandwidth with isotropic (so-called cross-orientation) masking. Interestingly, the magnitudes of all monoptically derived parameter estimates were found to transfer dichoptically suggesting a cortical locus for both isotropic and orientation-tuned masking.
Dynamics of thraustochytrid protists in the water column of the Arabian Sea (2001)

Thraustochytrids, a group of osmoheterotrophic chromistan protists are ubiquitous in the sea. However, little is known of their ecological role, particularly in oceanic waters. To obtain an insight into their dynamics in this realm, we investigated thraustochytrids and bacteria in the water column, up to 2000 m in the central Arabian Sea. Four seasons, namely the end of the southwest summer monsoon (September/October 1993), the summer pre-monsoon (April/May 1994), the end of the northeast winter monsoon (February/March 1995) and the peak period of the southwest monsoon (July/August 1995) were studied. Thraustochytrids were estimated using the acriflavine direct detection method (AfDD) and bacteria by the acridine orange direct counts (AODC). Thraustochytrids were present in substantial numbers throughout the 150 m water column in all the stations investigated during the end of the biologically productive summer and winter monsoons (0 to 1313 10 3 and 3.7 to 183 10 3 cells l -1 water respectively). Their populations in the upper 150 m were positively related to bacteria and particulate organic matter during these 2 periods, the relationship being significant during the end of the winter monsoon. They were infrequent during the low productive summer pre-monsoon period (present in < 29% of the total 41 samples), a period of high bacterial abundance, as well as in the peak-productive southwest summer monsoon (present in 10 of 19 samples). Vertical distribution was seasonally variable. Thraustochytrids were regularly detected in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at 200 to 1000 m. Similar to the upper 150 m, thraustochytrids below 200 m were least frequent in the summer pre-monsoon (present in 49% of samples), although high numbers, up to 266 10 3 l -1 were found at 1000 m in 1 station. Their numbers in the OMZ ranged from 0 to 38 10 3 l -1 during the end of the summer and winter monsoons. Both thraustochytrids and bacteria showed a distinct peak at 250 to 500 m in the OMZ during these 2 seasons. Dense populations of thraustochytrids were detected even at depths up to 2000 m. We hypothesise that seasonal increases of thraustochytrid populations are related to particles following phytoplankton degradation at the end of the biologically productive seasons. Our estimates suggest that during the 3 seasons, maximum thraustochytrid C biomass reached values ranging from 36 to 217% of bacterial C biomass in the upper 150 m and 34.5 to 56% of bacterial C biomass between 200 and 2000 m.
Trapped fields beyond 14 Tesla in bulk (2001)

Bulk YBa2Cu3074 material with single-domain grains up to 35 mm in diameter was prepared by a modified melt-texturing process. The pinning properties were improved by chemical doping of Zn on Cu plane sites resulting in a well pronounced peak effect in the field dependence of the critical current density. Trapped fields of more than 1.1 T at 77 K have been obtained in a zinc-doped YBCO disk of only 27 in diameter. Higher trapped fields are observed at lower temperatures due to the increasing critical current density, however, at temperatures between 50 and 20 K, the trapped field is limited by the mechanical properties. Using a bandage made of steel, very high trapped fields were achieved in the 1 mm gap between two YBCO disks. Trapped fields up to 14.4T were found at 22.5 K in such minimagnets containing silver precipitates, whereas the trapped fields of zinc-doped minimagnets reached values of 11.2 T at 47 K.
Concomitant Ventral Phalloplasty During Penile Implant Surgery: A Novel Procedure That Optimizes Patient Satisfaction and Their Perception of Phallic Length After Penile Implant Surgery (2007)

Release of penoscrotal web is a simple, safe, and reproducible procedure that can enhance patient perception of penile length and further improve satisfaction.
Structural Endosteal Augmentation for Proximal Humerus Fractures (2013)

Achieving both stable fixation and maintaining anatomic fracture reduction of displaced proximal humerus fractures are difficult tasks. Often, these fracture types are associated with poor bone quality with respect to the humeral head and are coupled with an inability to apply adequate buttress plating to the medial cortex. The effectiveness of locking implants in proximal humerus fractures is variable, despite a general efficiency in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures. Biomechanical and clinical data have demonstrated that mechanical support of the medial column is essential for successful patient outcomes. Endosteal augmentation, by means of a fibula strut allograft, incorporated to the locking plate construct provides the medial column the supplemental mechanical support and stability necessary to maintain an anatomic reduction.
Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Monocytes in Liver-Transplanted Recipients with De Novo Autoimmune Hepatitis Is Enhanced and Induces TH1-like Regulatory T Cells (2016)

A subset of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) can secrete IFN-γ or IL-17, and thus share features of TH1 or TH17 effector cells and lose suppressive function. The main factors driving this differentiation of Tregs toward a proinflammatory phenotype include IL-12 for TH1-like and IL-6 for TH17-type Tregs. In this study we show that Tregs of patients with de novo autoimmune hepatitis (dAIH) display increased frequencies of proinflammatory IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokines. Irrespective of a fully demethylated FOXP3 locus, Tregs of subjects with dAIH are functionally impaired. In line with the observed Treg phenotype, we detected the presence of two dominant cytokines (IL-12 and IL-6) clustering with CD68(+) monocyte/macrophage cells in livers of subjects with dAIH, and isolated monocytes of subjects with dAIH secrete high levels of proinflammatory IL-12 and IL-6, suggesting that this inflammatory milieu is key for functional impairment of Tregs. Importantly, the blockade of IFN-γ partially restores suppressive function of Tregs of subjects with dAIH, indicating that monocyte/macrophage-derived triggers might play a central role in Treg dysfunction and pathogenesis of dAIH.
Traffic analysis for on-chip networks design of multimedia applications (2002)

The objective of this paper is to introduce self-similarity as a fundamental property exhibited by the bursty traffic between on-chip modules in typical MPEG-2 video applications. Statistical tests performed on relevant traces extracted from common video clips establish unequivocally the existence of self-similarity in video traffic. Using a generic communication architecture, we also discuss the implications of our findings on on-chip buffer space allocation and present quantitative evaluations for typical video streams. We believe that our findings open up new directions of research with deep implications on some fundamental issues in on-chip network design for multimedia applications.
Active site conformational changes of prostasin provide a new mechanism of protease regulation by divalent cations (2009)

Prostasin or human channel-activating protease 1 has been reported to play a critical role in the regulation of extracellular sodium ion transport via its activation of the epithelial cell sodium channel. Here, the structure of the extracellular portion of the membrane associated serine protease has been solved to high resolution in complex with a nonselective d-FFR chloromethyl ketone inhibitor, in an apo form, in a form where the apo crystal has been soaked with the covalent inhibitor camostat and in complex with the protein inhibitor aprotinin. It was also crystallized in the presence of the divalent cation Ca(+2). Comparison of the structures with each other and with other members of the trypsin-like serine protease family reveals unique structural features of prostasin and a large degree of conformational variation within specificity determining loops. Of particular interest is the S1 subsite loop which opens and closes in response to basic residues or divalent ions, directly binding Ca(+2) cations. This induced fit active site provides a new possible mode of regulation of trypsin-like proteases adapted in particular to extracellular regions with variable ionic concentrations such as the outer membrane layer of the epithelial cell.
Optimal distribution network reinforcement considering load growth, line loss, and reliability (2012)

A new comprehensive planning methodology is proposed for implementing distribution network reinforcement. The load growth, voltage profile, distribution line loss, and reliability are considered in this procedure. A time-segmentation technique is employed to reduce the computational load. Options considered range from supporting the load growth using the traditional approach of upgrading the conventional equipment in the distribution network, through to the use of dispatchable distributed generators (DDG). The objective function is composed of the construction cost, loss cost and reliability cost. As constraints, the bus voltages and the feeder currents should be maintained within the standard level. The DDG output power should not be less than a ratio of its rated power because of efficiency. A hybrid optimization method, called modified discrete particle swarm optimization, is employed to solve this nonlinear and discrete optimization problem. A comparison is performed between the optimized solution based on planning of capacitors along with tap-changing transformer and line upgrading and when DDGs are included in the optimization.
Anisotropic Pinning and Guided Motion of Vortices in Type-II Superconductors (1969)

Guided motion of vortices in type-II superconductors is studied by measuring transverse voltages. The experiments were performed mainly on a Nb–Ta alloy for various magnetic fields, transport currents, and temperatures. The experiments show that in general, the onset of apparent resistance in the mixed state is coupled with fully guided motion of the vortices. With increasing magnetic field, the ratio of transverse and longitudinal voltages decreases. However, this ratio goes through a maximum in materials where the apparent resistivity goes through a minimum. A model is discussed with a guiding force becoming independent of current at higher current densities. The voltages calculated with this model are in agreement with those measured on a Nb–Ta alloy and on a Pb–In alloy. The model is also applied to the situation where a true Hall effect is measured. The conclusion is that pinning and guiding can reduce the Hall angle when the current density is small. The large Hall angles measured in the mixed state cannot be related to guided motion with the existing models of flux flow.
Insights into the molecular basis of thermal stability from the structure determination of<i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i>gluatamate dehydrogenase (1996)

The structure determination of the glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus has been completed at 2.2 A resolution. The structure has been compared with the glutamate dehydrogenases from the mesophiles Clostridium symbiosum, Escherichia coli and Neurospora crassa. This comparison has revealed that the hyperthermophilic enzyme contains a striking series of networks of ion-pairs which are formed by regions of the protein which contain a high density of charged residues. Such regions are not found in the mesophilic enzymes and the number and extent of ion-pair formation is much more limited. The ion-pair networks are clustered at both inter domain and inter subunit interfaces and may well represent a major stabilising feature associated with the adaptation of enzymes to extreme temperatures.
Synthesis and Study of 5,5′‐Bibenzimidazolylidenes and Their Bimetallic Complexes (2009)

Abstract A new, high‐yielding synthesis of 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl was developed, facilitating access to a new family of fluorescent 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolium salts bearing phenyl or bulky tertiary alkyl N‐substituents. Deprotonation of these salts afforded the respective 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolylidenes in excellent isolated yields (≥86 %), which were characterized in the solid state and solution. Treatment of these ditopic ligands with [Rh(COD)Cl] 2 (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) afforded bimetallic complexes composed of two Rh atoms connected through a bis(carbene) linker. Electrochemical analyses of these complexes revealed single, quasi‐reversible oxidations at E 1/2 = +0.54 to +0.59 V (vs. SCE) arising from the Rh I/II redox couples. A bimetallic Rh carbonyl complex bearing a 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolylidene was also synthesized and found to exhibit ν CO signals similar to a monotopic analogue. Collectively, these results suggested that the two metal centers in the aforementioned bimetallic complexes were electronically decoupled. These observations were supported by the crystal structures of one of the 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolium salts and its bis(carbene) derivative, which revealed relatively large dihedral angles of 51.2° and 47.8°, respectively, between the two aryl systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)