gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Results on lattice vector quantization with dithering (1996)

The statistical properties of the error in uniform scalar quantization have been analyzed by a number of authors in the past, and is a well-understood topic today. The analysis has also been extended to the case of dithered quantizers, and the advantages and limitations of dithering have been studied and well documented in the literature. Lattice vector quantization is a natural extension into multiple dimensions of the uniform scalar quantization. Accordingly, there is a natural extension of the analysis of the quantization error. It is the purpose of this paper to present this extension and to elaborate on some of the new aspects that come with multiple dimensions. We show that, analogous to the one-dimensional case, the quantization error vector can be rendered independent of the input in subtractive vector-dithering. In this case, the total mean square error is a function of only the underlying lattice and there are lattices that minimize this error. We give a necessary condition on such lattices. In nonsubtractive vector dithering, we show how to render moments of the error vector independent of the input by using appropriate dither random vectors. These results can readily be applied for the case of wide sense stationary (WSS) vector random processes, by use of iid dither sequences. We consider the problem of pre- and post-filtering around a dithered lattice quantifier, and show how these filters should be designed in order to minimize the overall quantization error in the mean square sense. For the special case where the WSS vector process is obtained by blocking a WSS scalar process, the optimum prefilter matrix reduces to the blocked version of the well-known scalar half-whitening filter.
Effect of Ultracentrifugal Fractions of Small Intestinal Tissue upon Transplanted Lymphosarcoma. (1951)

The literature contains numerous reports of attempts to isolate from various normal tissues substances which are inhibitory to the growth of malignant tumors. The majority of these reports indicate highly variable results. Since it is generally known that malignant tumors rarely originate in the small intestine, the present work has been concerned primarily with efforts to derive inhibitory material from this organ. Previous work with this tissue has involved chemical extraction of material from the whole organ(1). In the present studies, ultracentrifugal fractionation has been employed. Similar methods have been used successfully in the separation of hemolytic and antihemolytic substances from liver(2). Results of preliminary investigations based on centrifugal fractionation are reported in this communication. Materials and methods. Small intestinal tissue of normal mice or rats was frozen on dry ice, then thawed and ground with sand. A saline suspension of this homogenate was fractionated in the following manner. A fraction corresponding to the mitochondrial-nuclear fraction of normal tissue(3) was separated by centrifugation for 10 to 20 minutes at 4000 x g (Fraction 4). The supernate from this was further centrifuged for 45 to 60 minutes at 90000 x g to yield a microsomal fraction (Fraction 90). The fractions were prepared for use by resuspending in saline. Fractions 4 and 90 and the supernatant from the latter were tested for inhibitory action on lymphosarcoma (Gardner). Lymphosarcoma cells in saline suspension were incubated in vitro at 5°C for 10 to 20 minutes with an equal volume of the tissue fraction suspensions described above. Two-tenths ml of these tissue fraction-tumor cell incubates was inoculated subcutaneously in CBA mice (Strong). Controls received saline-tumor cell inoculations. Results. Results are summarized in Tables I and 11. The technic employed yielded 100% takes of the tumor in 124 control mice. Tumors developed to palpable size in 4 to 7 days and death ensued in 17 to 2 7 days after inoculation.
일본의 소득세법 제정과정에 관한 소고 (2013)

본 논문은 1887년에 제정된 일본 최초의 소득세법의 제정 과정에 관한 것이다. 본 논문은 법학논문으로서 문헌검토의 방법을 이용하여 작성되었다. 1887년에 제정된 일본소득세법은 대장성이 준비한 초안을 원로원이 심의하여 소득세법으로 제정하는 과정을 거쳤다. 그 과정에서 법인과세문제, 영업소득과세문제, 이자소득에서 필요경비의 공제문제 등이 치열하게 다투어졌다. 그 결과 성립한 소득세법은 실제 일본의 사회·경제적 상황에 비하여 선행적·선구적인 제도로서 일본의 조세체계가 근대화되는 전기를 마련하였다. 위 제정 소득세법의 특색은 외국 소득세법, 특히 프로이센 소득세제의 계수라는 점에 있다고 할 수 있는데, 우리의 소득세법도 제정 당시 일본의 소득세제를 계수한 것이므로 결국 프로이센의 소득세제가 일본의 소득세제를 거쳐 우리나라의 소득세제에도 영향을 미치고 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 우리 소득세법의 근간을 이루는 개별 제도에 관한 심도있는 이해를 위해서는 부득이하게 일본의 소득세제사에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구 이전에는 이와 같은 유형의 연구가 행하여지지 않았다고 생각되는바, 본고가 향후 연구의 첫 출발점으로 작은 기여가 될 수 있기를 희망한다
A low-cost universal reader for digital displays of medical monitors (2010)

in present-day, the use of digital medical monitors could provide the accurate number reading and the ability of data recording than the use of analogy monitors. However, the individual medical monitor usually records and shows information by itself generally. The establishing of connections between digital medical monitors and computers could be complicated and expensive. The complexity and high-cost block the ability of medical information collecting by computer. In order to solve this problem, a low-cost universal reader for LED displays of medical monitors is proposed in this paper. This universal reader is based on a camera which could be used to recognize digital numbers. The use of general camera could leads to the features of low-cost and universality. Moreover, the information of various medical monitors could be collected with the use of a universal reader at the same time, and then be recorded by computers for future analyses.
Mechanism of Tissue Reconstruction by Dissociated Cells, II: Time-Course of Events (1962)

The details of the process by which cells sort out and reconstruct tissues within aggregates containing two kinds of tissue cells have been correctly predicted from considerations of the kinetic and adhesive properties of such cells. The requisite properties are discreteness, motility, and differential mutual adhesiveness among the types of cells present.
Alterations by Norepinephrine of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Terminal Function and Myocardial β-Adrenergic Receptor Sensitivity in the Ferret (2000)

The toxic effects of NE on the sympathetic nerve terminals are mediated via the formation of NE-derived oxygen free radicals. Preservation of the neuronal NE reuptake mechanism is functionally important, because the antioxidants also prevented myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation and postreceptor abnormalities. Thus, antioxidant therapy may be beneficial in heart failure, in which cardiac NE release is increased.
The Movement for Communist Labor and the Improvement of Social Relationships (1962)

The movement for communist labor is an outstanding phenomenon of Soviet life today. The CPSU Central Committee has observed that "the appearance of this movement, at a time when our country has begun the all-out building of a communist society, is natural and necessary. The ground for it was prepared by the entire course of the building of socialism, the tremendous triumphs of the socialist economy, the unprecedented rise in the education and culture of the Soviet people, and the improvement in its well-being." (1)
A fibre optic evanescent wave sensor used for the detection of trace nitrites in water (2002)

A fibre optic technique for detecting trace amounts of nitrite compounds in\nwater is described. The off-line fibre optic sensor outlined here is based on\nevanescent field absorption in a test solution formed by the reaction of nitrite\ncompounds in water with suitable chemical reagents. A short unclad portion\nof a plastic clad silica fibre acts as the sensing region. The experimental\nresults clearly establish the usefulness of the present technique for detecting\nvery low concentrations of the order of 1 ppb (parts per billion) of nitrite\ncompounds with a large dynamic range of 1–1000 ppb. Such a high\nsensitivity enables the present device to be used for measuring the nitrite\ncontent in drinking water.
New Dimensions in Protein Analysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Dimensions in Protein AnalysisEric P. Lester, Peter F. Lemkin, and Lewis E. LipkinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 3, 390A–404APublication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online25 May 2012Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00226a719https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00226a719research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Collaborative Learning Framework to Tag Refinement for Points of Interest (2019)

Tags of a Point of Interest (POI) can facilitate location-based services from many aspects like location search and place recommendation. However, many POI tags are often incomplete or imprecise, which may lead to performance degradation of tag-dependent applications. In this paper, we study the POI tag refinement problem which aims to automatically fill in the missing tags as well as correct noisy tags for POIs. We propose a tri-adaptive collaborative learning framework to search for an optimal POI-tag score matrix. The framework integrates three components to collaboratively (i) model the similarity matching between POI and tag, (ii) recover the POI-tag pattern via matrix factorization and (iii) learn to infer the most possible tags by maximum likelihood estimation. We devise an adaptively joint training process to optimize the model and regularize each component simultaneously. And the final refinement results are the consensus of multiple views from different components. We also discuss how to utilize various data sources to construct features for tag refinement, including user profile data, query data on Baidu Maps and basic properties of POIs. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. And we further present a case study of the deployment of our framework on Baidu Maps.
Real time detection system for rail surface defects based on machine vision (2018)

The detection of rail surface defects is an important part of railway daily inspection, according to the requirements of modern railway automatic detection technology on real-time detection and adaptability. This paper presents a method for real-time detection of rail surface defects based on machine vision. According to the basic principle of machine vision, an image acquisition device equipped with LED auxiliary light source and shading box has been designed and the portable testing model is designed to carry on the field experiment. In view of the real-time requirement, the method of extracting the target area from the original image is carried out without image pre-processing. The surface defects of the rail are optimized based on morphological process and the characteristics of the defects are obtained by tracking the direction chain code. It is demonstrated that the maximum positioning time of this proposed method is 4.65 ms and its maximum positioning failure rate is 5%. The real-time detection speed of this proposed method can reach 2 m/s, which can carry out real-time detection of artificial hand walking. The time of processing each picture is up to 245.61 ms, which ensures the real-time performance of the portable track defect vision inspection system. To a certain extent, the system can replace manual inspection and carry out the digital management of track defects.
Lipid fatty acid composition of potato plants transformed with the Δ12-desaturase gene from cyanobacterium (2007)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants were transformed with the desA gene encoding Δ12 acyl-lipid desaturase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To evaluate the efficiency of this gene expression in the plant, its sequence was translationally fused with the sequence of the reporter gene encoding thermostable lichenase. A comparison of native and hybrid gene expression showed that lichenase retained its activity and thermostability within the hybrid protein, whereas desaturase retained its capability of inserting the double bond in fatty acid (FA) chains and, thus, to modify their composition in membrane lipids. In most transformed plants, shoots contained higher amounts of polyunsaturated FAs, linoleic and linolenic (by 39–73 and 12–41%, respectively). The total absolute content of unsaturated FAs was also higher in transformants by 20–42% as compared to wild-type plants. When transformed plants were severely cooled (to −7°C), the rate of their membrane lipid peroxidation was not enhanced, whereas in wild-type plants, it increased substantially (by 25%) under such conditions. These results could indicate a higher tolerance of transformed plants to low temperatures and the oxidative stress induced by hypothermia.
Bedrock platforms within the Ross Embayment, West Antarctica: Hypotheses for ice sheet history, wave erosion, Cenozoic extension, and thermal subsidence (2006)

Ice‐penetrating radar (mostly airborne) and marine seismic surveys have revealed plateaus and terraces about 100–350 m below sea level beneath parts of the Ross Embayment, including the West Antarctic ice sheet, the Ross Ice Shelf, and the eastern Ross Sea. These surfaces cover many thousands of square kilometers and are separated by bedrock troughs occupied by the West Antarctic ice streams. Prominent plateaus are under Edward VII Peninsula, Siple Dome, and Roosevelt Island. Marine seismic data and gravity data over the buried plateaus support an interpretation that they were caused by erosion into basement. The flat and level nature of the surfaces that were formed by erosion, are near the same depth over large distances, and fringe the buried rugged bedrock topography of Marie Byrd Land supports an interpretation of marine rather than glacial erosion. Marine seismic reflection profiles over one of the plateau remnants show it as an angular unconformity cut into gently dipping sediments of late Oligocene age, draped with thin, flat‐lying sediments, implying that the plateau is early Miocene or younger. The younger limit for plateau erosion follows from the interpretation of the mechanism: erosion must predate permanent ice along the coast associated with the growth of the West Antarctic ice sheet, probably prior to 10 Ma and possibly prior to 14 Ma. The plateaus along the Siple Coast, with depths around 350 meters, do not rebound to close to sea level and wave base for models of removing past and present ice load. This discrepancy can be explained if Ross Embayment lithosphere has been cooling and subsiding since significant extension in Eocene to Oligocene time. Our interpretation requires crustal subsidence in the Ross Sea, which in turn implies higher bedrock elevations in the past within this region. Higher‐standing topography presented an opportunity for the accumulation of local ice sheets and caused sea level fluctuation prior to late Cenozoic time.
EL MODELO DE CORRADO Y SU EN EL MERCADO DE OPCIONES SOBRE EL FUTURO DEL IBEX-35 (2004)

"En este trabajo se contrasta el comportamiento fuera de muestra, en el mercado español de opciones sobre el futuro del índice IBEX-35, del modelo de valoración de opciones propuesto por Corrado y Su (1996, 1997a, 1997b), que incorpora efectos de asimetría y curtosis no normales. La base de datos comprende todas las opciones de compra y de venta negociadas diariamente entre las 16:00 y las 16:45 horas, desde enero de 1994 hasta octubre de 1998. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo de Corrado y Su se comporta, fuera de muestra, mejor que el de Black- Scholes (1973) en términos de errores de valoración, pero no así en términos de cobertura. Por último, la volatilidad implícita de Corrado y Su contiene información sobre la volatilidad futura del IBEX-35. Sin embargo, los coeficientes implícitos de asimetría y curtosis no parecen contener información sobre la asimetría y curtosis futuras, respectivamente, del IBEX-35."
Cloud computing through dynamic resource allocation scheme (2017)

The Cloud Computing environment provisions the supply of computing resources on the basis of demand, as and when needed. It builds upon the advances of virtualization and distributed computing to support the cost efficient usage of computing resources, emphasizing on the resource scalability and on-demand services. It allows business outcomes to scale up and down their resources based on the needs. Managing the customer demand creates the challenges of on-demand resource allocation. The Virtual Machine (VM) technology has been employed for resource provisioning. It is expected that using the virtualized environment will reduce the average job response time as well as executes the task according to the availability of the resources. Hence, VMs are allocated to the user based on the characteristics of the job. Effective and dynamic utilization of the resources in cloud can help to balance the load and avoid the situations like slow run of systems. This paper mainly focuses on the allocation of VM to the user, based on analyzing the characteristics of the job. The main principle of this work is that, the low priority jobs (deadline of the job is high) should not delay the execution of the high priority jobs (deadline of the job is low) and to dynamically allocate VM resources for a user job within deadline.
PCR and Blood Culture for Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Bacteremia in Rats (1999)

Critically ill patients often develop symptoms of sepsis and therefore require microbiological tests for bacteremia that use conventional blood culture (BC) techniques. However, since these patients frequently receive early empirical antibiotic therapy before diagnostic procedures are completed, examination by BC can return false-negative results. We therefore hypothesized that PCR could improve the rate of detection of microbial pathogens over that of BC. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were challenged intravenously with 10(6) CFU of Escherichia coli. Blood was then taken at several time points for detection of E. coli by BC and by PCR with E. coli-specific primers derived from the uidA gene, encoding beta-glucuronidase. In further experiments, cefotaxime (100 or 50 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously to rats 10 min after E. coli challenge. Without this chemotherapy, the E. coli detection rate decreased at 15 min and at 210 min after challenge from 100% to 62% of the animals with PCR and from 100% to 54% of the animals with BC (P, >0.05). Chemotherapy decreased the E. coli detection rate at 25 min and at 55 min after challenge from 100% to 50% with PCR and from 100% to 0% with BC (P, <0.05). Thus, at clinically relevant serum antibiotic levels, PCR affords a significantly higher detection rate than BC in this rat model. The results suggest that PCR could be a useful adjunct tool supplementing conventional BC techniques in diagnosing bacteremia.
CH4/H2 reactive ion etching for gate recessing of pseudomorphic modulation doped field effect transistors (1991)

Pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs modulation doped field effect transistors have been fabricated by using methane/hydrogen (CH4/H2) reactive ion etching for gate recessing. Source-drain resistance and Hall measurements on as etched and annealed samples are presented. The electrical degradation introduced by the plasma can be recovered after annealing at 400 °C. A threshold voltage (Vth) standard deviation of 14 mV over a 5 cm (2 in.) wafer was obtained.
Current thin-film applications (1967)

Thin film personal communication system for Apollo astronaut use during extravehicular assignments
Detection of breathing phases (2009)

The electrical stimulation systems, for the needs of artificial ventilation are in the grater or lesser extent, in commercial use since 1970's. Apart from development of new methods of stimulation and hardware solutions, the key role in development of such systems is reliable detection of phases during breathing. This paper gives the review of stimulation methods, physiology of respiratory system and one of the possible solutions, proposed by the authors. .
A method of ontologies merging based on rules (2014)

Ontology has been widely applied to many fields, such as knowledge engineering and semantic web, as an effective method of knowledge expression and management. Owing to the needs of knowledge integration and communication between different ontologies, ontologies merging becomes more important. In this paper, a method of ontologies merging based on rules is proposed, which is aimed at the merging of two different ontologies in the same domain. This paper analyses the specific process and the problems that may appear during the merging process in detail, and divides the conflicts into two kinds: conventional semantic conflict and structural conflict, and then gives a concrete merging programme and conflicts solution algorithm without against the consistency of ontology. The method realises ontologies merging well, solves the conflicts in the merging process preferably and has good expansibility. The results of the experiment with OAEI2012 test set reveal that the proposed method is feasible and valid.
Sufficiency of the SEED knowledge-level representation for grammatical design (2002)

One view of design is that it is a phenomenon only partially comprehended by any model of it. Under this view, the sufficiency of any knowledge representation for design is necessarily an informal question. Answers to it can be sought through experience of a knowledge representation in use, but not by strict appeal to formal argument. What then would allow us to declare a knowledge representation for design sufficient for its purposes? At a minimum, a thorough description of purposes; of the knowledge representation; and of experience in using the knowledge representation for the declared purposes seems to be in order. The methodology developed within the SEED project (a Software Environment to Support the Early Phases in Building Design) develops each of these in parallel, starting from the outset of the project. It turns out that no aspect of the problem can be fixed at the start-as the knowledge representation develops, so do both purposes and use. From the experience on the team developing and applying the "SEED methodology" in four instances, we believe we can offer some insight into the sufficiency of the SEED knowledge representation for its intended tasks.