gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Route to 11-Ketosteroids by Fission of a ▵<sup>9(11)</sup>-Ethylene Oxide<sup>1,2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Route to 11-Ketosteroids by Fission of a ▵9(11)-Ethylene Oxide1,2Hans Heymann and Louis F. FieserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5252–5265Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyroelectricity and Spontaneous Polarization in LiNbO3 (1966)

Measurements have been made concerning the magnitude of the pyroelectric coefficient dPs/dT in LiNbO3 over the temperature range from 25° to 450°C. The pyroelectric coefficient was found to be −4×10−9 C/cm2/°C at 25°C. The spontaneous polarization was determined to be a decreasing function of temperature in the crystals measured which were pulled from the melt. Over the temperature range measured Ps was found to decrease by 3.7 μC/cm2. From these pyroelectric measurements and preliminary data on the temperature dependence of the nonlinear optical coefficient d33 in LiNbO3, for d33 ∝ Ps, the magnitude of Ps at room temperature is estimated to be at least of the order of 50 μC/cm2.
사회정의론의 정책규범을 활용한 도시정비사업의 평가에 관한 연구 -주택재개발사업의 공공성을 중심으로 (2011)

본 연구에서는 도시정비사업에서 롤즈 사회정의론의 핵심적 개념과 원칙에 대한 구체적이고 실천적인 활용방안을 찾기 위해 도시공간의 정의담론을 중간 매개적 개념으로 활용하여 롤즈 정의론을 정책규범화하였다. 이를 통해 롤즈의 순수절차적 정의관을 구성하는 정의의 원칙 중, ``평등한 자유의 원칙``이 가지는 정책규범을 ``구조적 절차의 공정성``, ``공정한 기회균등의 원칙``이 가지는 정책규범을 ``과정적 절차의 공정성``, ``차등의 원칙``이 가지는 정책규범을 ``결과의 실질적 형평성``으로 도출하였다. 롤즈 정의론의 정책규범에 따른 도시정비사업의 평가결과, 도시정비사업에서 발생하는 제반 문제는 현행 도시정비사업 사업구조의 사회적 부정의성에 근원한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구에서는 도시정비사업의 사회적 부정의의 문제를 해결하기 위해 ``공공성 내지 공익성의 원칙``, ``사회통합의 원칙``, ``구조적 공정성의 원칙``, ``절차적 공정성의 원칙``, ``실질적 형평성의 원칙``을 도시정비사업의 사업구조 결정을 위한 다섯 가지 기본원칙으로 제시하고 있다.
A Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cycloaromatization of Biaryls with Alkynes Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant (2009)

Dual activation of CH bonds has enabled the preparation of polycyclic aromatics from arylindoles and arylbenzofurans in the absence of a directing group, and with using O2 as the oxidant (see scheme). Synthetically and medicinally important polycyclic aromatics have been easily prepared, and some of the resulting polycyclic heteroaromatics exhibit intense fluorescence. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Complexity Reduced Face Detection Using Probability-Based Face Mask Prefiltering and Pixel-Based Hierarchical-Feature Adaboosting (2011)

The Adaboosting has attracted attention for its efficient face-detection performance. However, in the training process, the large number of possible Haar-like features in a standard sub-window becomes time consuming, which makes specific environment feature adaptation extremely difficult. This letter presents a two-stage hybrid face detection scheme using Probability-based Face Mask Pre-Filtering (PFMPF) and the Pixel-Based Hierarchical-Feature Adaboosting (PBHFA) method to effectively solve the above-mentioned problems in cascade Adaboosting. The two stages both provide far less training time than that of the cascade Adaboosting and thus reduce the computation complexity in face-detection tasks. In particular, the proposed PFMPF can effectively filter out more than 85% nonface in an image and the remaining few face candidates are then secondly filtered with a single PBHF Adaboost strong classifier. Given a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm M}\times{\rm N}$</tex></formula> sub-window, the number of possible PBH features is simplified down to a level less than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm M}\times{\rm N}$</tex></formula> , which significantly reduces the length of the training period by a factor of 1500. Moreover, when the two-stage hybrid face detection scheme are employed for practical face-detection tasks, the complexity is still lower than that of the integral-image based approach in the traditional Adaboosting method. Experimental results obtained using the gray feret database show that the proposed two-stage hybrid face detection scheme is significantly more effective than Haar-like features.
Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals. III. Reactions between Sodium Cyclopentadienide and Certain Complex Transition Metal Halides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals. III. Reactions between Sodium Cyclopentadienide and Certain Complex Transition Metal HalidesR. B. KingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 3, 528–531Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50007a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50007a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views609Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sleep disturbance in mental health problems and neurodegenerative disease (2013)

Sleep has been described as being of the brain, by the brain, and for the brain. This fundamental neurobiological behavior is controlled by homeostatic and circadian (24-hour) processes and is vital for normal brain function. This review will outline the normal sleep-wake cycle, the changes that occur during aging, and the specific patterns of sleep disturbance that occur in association with both mental health disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. The role of primary sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and REM sleep behavior disorder as potential causes or risk factors for particular mental health or neurodegenerative problems will also be discussed.
Growth mechanism of catalyst‐free [0001] GaN and AlN nanowires on Si by molecular beam epitaxy (2010)

Abstract Real‐time in‐situ X‐rays scattering experiments were performed to study the nucleation process of GaN nanowires grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy on AlN(0001)/Si(111). From the comparison between the case of nanowires and the case of GaN quantum dots, it is concluded that nanowire precursor islands are completely relaxed from the beginning. Next, based on high resolution electron microscopy analysis, it is demonstrated that relaxation of nanowire precursors is associated to formation of dislocations at the AlN/GaN interface, establishing that three‐dimensional islanding and plastic strain relaxation of GaN are two necessary conditions for nanowire growth. Along the same lines, we demonstrate that three‐dimensional islanding of AlN on SiO 2 leads to formation of AlN nanowires with structural and optical properties characteristic of high quality relaxed material (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the mechanism of milk clotting by rennin (1972)

Summary Two possible hypotheses for the mechanism of milk clotting were tested. The results obtained constituted strong evidence against one and suggested that the second is improbable. Milk was separated into a 5-fold-concentrated casein micelle suspension and milk serum. Pre-renneting of the serum did not reduce the rate of clotting on subsequent addition to the micelle suspension whether or not the conditions were such that the para-κ-casein became extensively aggregated. Washing of casein micelles up to 3 times with milk dialysate at 23°C extracted very little casein from the micelles and did not increase the clotting time of micelles resuspended to about the same concentration as in milk. The results appear to constitute decisive evidence against the hypothesis of milk clotting proposed by Parry & Carroll (1969). S-carboxymethyl-κ-casein, S-carboxymethyl-κ-casein containing 2·5 dimethylaminonaphthalene sulphonyl residues per mole, and rennin-treated dimethylaminonaphthalene sulphonated-S-carboxymethyl-κ-casein all bound Ca to the same extent at 30°C and pH 6·5, over the range 0·5–15·3 mM-CaCl 2 . This adds support to existing evidence that milk clotting does not involve formation of Ca bridges between casein micelles.
Three-dimensional Oscillatory Magnetic Reconnection (2017)

Abstract Here we detail the dynamic evolution of localized reconnection regions about 3D magnetic null points using numerical simulation. We demonstrate for the first time that reconnection triggered by the localized collapse of a 3D null point that is due to an external magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave involves a self-generated oscillation, whereby the current sheet and outflow jets undergo a reconnection reversal process during which back-pressure formation at the jet heads acts to prise open the collapsed field before overshooting the equilibrium into an opposite-polarity configuration. The discovery that reconnection at fully 3D nulls can proceed naturally in a time-dependent and periodic fashion suggests that oscillatory reconnection mechanisms may play a role in explaining periodicity in astrophysical phenomena associated with magnetic reconnection, such as the observed quasi-periodicity of solar and stellar flare emission. Furthermore, we find that a consequence of oscillatory reconnection is the generation of a plethora of freely propagating MHD waves that escape the vicinity of the reconnection region.
[Methods in individualized pharmacotherapy of diseases of the digestive and the respiratory systems in children]. (1991)

The possibility to forecast pharmacotherapeutic effect in children with chronic diseases of breathing and digestion was studied. It was established that the use of pathogenic and associative markers, characteristic of the background state of a child as compared to individual peculiarities of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a certain drug, will allow to forecast the efficiency of drug treatment of chronic diseases of breathing organs (bronchitis, pneumonia, asthmatic bronchitis) and digestion (gastritis, cholecystocholangitis). The use of aminophenazone marker in children with above mentioned pathology became the basis of research into efficiency of spasmolytics with similar type of metabolism (papaverini hydrochloridum, aminophyllinum, drotaverinum). Mathematic models of spasmolytics efficiency forecast was developed by many factor computer analysis.
Information compression by MR-tissue type imaging (2003)

To fully evaluate the inherent information of magnetic resonance (MR) images, a pulse sequence has been developed to carry out several measurements with different pulse sequence parameters. After the measurement, parameter images are calculated and used to classify tissues and to resynthesize images with optimal contrast, depending on the specific lesion. The classified tissues are color coded. Relevant diagnostic information from a series of 24 images is compressed to one single tissue type image using a transparent color overlay that, superimposed on the gray-level image, allows the evaluation of the morphological structure and the type and extent of the classified tissue areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LEPR: Link Stability Estimation-based Preemptive Routing protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks (2017)

Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET) consisting of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can undertake many tasks difficult for traditional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). However, the highly dynamic topology of FANET imposes difficulties for adopting existing MANET routing protocols. In this paper, we present the Link Stability Estimation-based Preemptive Routing (LEPR) protocol targeting FANET on the basis of AODV, an existing routing protocol for ad hoc networks. Taking advantage of GPS location information of UAVs, a new link stability metric is introduced for LEPR. This new metric uses the link quality, safety degree and mobility prediction factor to take into account the past, current and future statuses of link stability respectively. With this new metric, LEPR calculates multiple robust link-disjoint paths during the route discovery process. In addition, a semi-proactive route maintenance process is initiated when anticipating link breaks. This preemptive mechanism reduces the number of broken paths and packet latency by finding and switching to a more reliable path early. Simulation results demonstrate that LEPR significantly outperforms two popular routing protocols, AODV and DSR, in terms of packet delivery ratio, delay and routing overhead, whether in a high or low mobility setting.
Possible effects of electric blankets and heated waterbeds on fetal development (1986)

Abstract Seasonal patterns were seen in fetal growth and in abortion rate for families using electrically heated beds. These patterns could be attributed to the seasonal use of heated beds. The fact that such seasonal patterns were seen only in users, and not in nonusers, of electrically heated beds suggests that electrical bed heating may have a direct effect on fetal development. The effect could be due to excessive heat or to electromagnetic field exposure.
Isolation and Functional Characterization of the Human Gene Encoding the Myeloid Zinc Finger Protein MZF-1 (1995)

The expression of the human myeloid zinc finger gene (MZF-1) by human bone marrow cells is necessary for granulopoiesis. We have analyzed the structure and function of the MZF-1 gene by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction, genomic cloning, and promoter analysis. Comparison of human promyelocytic HL-60 cell cDNA with isolated MZF-1 genomic clones indicated that the human MZF-1 gene is without introns and spans approximately 3 kb. Restriction enzyme mapping and Southern analysis indicated further that the human MZF-1 gene is a single-copy gene. Primer extension studies identified the major transcription start site as a thymidine residue located 1102 bp upstream of the ATG translation start codon. A putative TATA box sequence (TAAAAA) was found at -66 bp and a CCAAT box at -130 bp relative to the transcription initiation site. In HL-60 cells, MZF-1 mRNA levels are increased by granulopoietic inducers including retinoic acid and GM-CSF. DNA upstream of the transcription start site contains tandem-repeated consensus retinoic acid response elements at -666 through -696 bp and paired putative GM-CSF-responsive sequences centered at -50 and -100 bp. CAT reporter gene constructs containing these DNA regions promoted transcription and conferred transcriptional responsiveness to retinoic acid and GM-CSF when transfected into HL-60 cells. Additional putative regulatory binding sites included conserved MZF-1 zinc finger binding sequences, the importance of which was suggested by the enhanced expression of the endogenous MZF-1 gene following vector-driven expression of MZF-1 constructs in K562 myeloblastic leukemia cells. These findings provide a clearer basis for understanding the role of MZF-1 gene expression in myeloid cell growth and differentiation.
Condición de transversalidad en el problema del líder con nuevo tiempo final libre y función final para la solución de equilibrio jerárquico en la interacción dinámica empresa-gobierno (1999)

Este trabajo trata de la interacción dinámica entre las empresas y el gobierno. Se presenta un modelo en el cual ambos agentes económicos maximizan sus ganancias totales corrientes actualizadas más el valor inicial de la ganancia final. El concepto de solución utilizado es de equilibrio jerárquico donde el gobierno asume el papel del líder. El método de resolución empleado consiste en enfocar el problema del líder como un problema de control óptimo con nuevo tiempo final libre, dentro del horizonte temporal original [0,T] , y con una nueva función final. Ésta recogerá la ganancia total del gobierno desde el nuevo tiempo final a determinar hasta T. Se hace uso de la correspondiente condición de transversalidad asociada. Se analizan los resultados y su interpretación económica.
Multi-agent Autonomous Patrolling System Using ANN and FSM Control (2012)

The multi-agent patrolling problem has recently received growing attention from the community due to the wide range of potential applications. This work presents an autonomous patrolling system composed by 4 intelligent robots that can freely move through an indoor environment and detect intruders. The robots use a localization/navigation system composed of an artificial neural network (ANN) trained to detect key features of the environment. These features are used to identify context changes, being used as input of a finite state machine (FSM), allowing a topological map localization and navigation of the robot in the environment. When an intruder is detected, a broadcast message with its position is sent, making all other robots execute a multi-agent version of a coordinated A* algorithm in order to determine the best path to reach that position and to surround the target. Then, the robots autonomously navigate through this defined path until reach the goal. Experiments were performed in the player/stage environment in order to evaluate the multi-agent system. The localization/navigation system with intruder detection was evaluated in the real world with a Pioneer P3-AT mobile robot.
Evaluation of the COBAS TaqMan HCV Test with Automated Sample Processing Using the MagNA Pure LC Instrument (2005)

The COBAS TaqMan HCV Test (TaqMan HCV; Roche Molecular Systems Inc., Branchburg, N.J.) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) performed on the COBAS TaqMan 48 Analyzer (Roche Molecular Systems) currently relies on a manual sample processing method. Implementation of an automated sample processing method would facilitate the clinical use of this test. In this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of TaqMan HCV following automated sample processing by the MagNA Pure LC instrument (MP; Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind.). The analytical sensitivity of TaqMan HCV following sample processing by MP was 8.1 IU/ml (95% confidence interval, 6.1 to 15.2). The assay showed good linearity (R(2) = 0.99) across a wide range of HCV RNA levels (25 to 5 x 10(6) IU/ml), with coefficients of variation ranging from 10% to 46%. Among 83 clinical specimens, the sensitivity and specificity of TaqMan HCV were 100% and 95%, respectively, when compared to the COBAS AMPLICOR hepatitis C virus test, version 2.0 (COBAS AMPLICOR; Roche Molecular Systems), with TaqMan HCV detecting two more HCV RNA-positive specimens than COBAS AMPLICOR. Both specimens were confirmed to be HCV RNA positive by the VERSANT HCV RNA qualitative test (Bayer HealthCare LLC, Tarrytown, N.Y.). There was also strong correlation (R(2) = 0.95) and good agreement between the results from TaqMan HCV and the VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0 assay (bDNA) (Bayer HealthCare LLC) among a group of 93 clinical specimens. The MP is a versatile, labor-saving sample processing platform suitable for reliable performance of TaqMan HCV.
HPV Detection Methods (2007)

Given the causal relation between a persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and the development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, hrHPV testing has been advocated in addition to cytology for the detection of clinically relevant cervical lesions. HrHPV testing is thought to improve cervical screening algorithms, the management of women with cytologically equivocal smears, and the management of women treated for high grade CIN. In this chapter we discuss different methods for HPV detection and genotyping and their respective applications.
OBSERVATIONS ON MITOSIS IN PSORIATIC EPIDERMIS (1970)

SUMMARY.— Mitotic counts in psoriatic epidermis removed from (a) the centre and edge of a single plaque in 17 patients, and (b) lesions at 3 different sites—the arm, leg and back—in 16 patients, have been compared. Mitotic counts at the centre and edge of a plaque were similar for an individual patient, although there was variation in the group as a whole. There was no significant difference between the average centre and edge counts. The counts from the arm, leg and back were similar for an individual patient despite variation between patients. There was no evidence of any consistent variation between the 3 sites. These results suggest that the factors influencing mitosis in psoriasis at any given time are similar for all lesions and each part of a lesion in an individual patient, although there are variations between patients.
Clinical observation of combined therapy with solifenacin and doxazosin for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2012)

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined therapy of doxazosin and solifenacin for BPH patients with sturage symptoms.Methods Totally 84 patients diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) by International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS),flowmetry,ultrasound for prostate volume and residual urine.AlI 84 patientshad bothering storage symptoms and devided into two groups:doxazosin group(n=42)in which patients were treated with doxazosin 4mg once daily for 4 weeks,and combination group(n=40)in which patients were treated with doxazosin 4 mg once daily and solifenacin 5mg once daily for 4 weeks.Results At baseline,there was no significant difference.The IPSS was significantly improved in the two groups after treatment,but the reduction of IPSS and storage IPSS in combination group significantly greater than that in doxazosin group(P0.05),there was no difference between the groups for Qmax and residual urine.Conclusions Combined therapy with doxazosin plus solifenacin for BPH patients with storage symptoms can improve the IPSS,especially the storage IPSS,without any negative effects on uroflow rate and residual urine.