gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Study of Passive Anaphylaxis in the Guinea-Pig II (1944)

Abstract In a previous communication (1) it was shown that intravenous injection of 0.03 milligram of rabbit anti-ovalbumin nitrogen or Type III antipneumococcal antibody-nitrogen would passively sensitize a 250 gram guinea-pig so that fatal anaphylaxis resulted on subsequent intravenous injection of 1 milligram of ovalbumin or 0.10 milligram of Type III specific polysaccharide respectively. No studies were carried out with guinea-pig antibody in passive anaphylaxis since precipitating guinea-pig sera were not available. However, the method developed by Freund and McDermott (2), employing adjuvants in immunization, results in guinea-pig antisera with amounts of antibody adequate for analysis by the quantitative precipitin-method (3) and for anaphylactic studies. In general, the same quantitative relations were found to obtain for guinea-pig antibody as had been established for rabbit antibody (1). Experimental. Guinea-pig antibodies to ovalbumin were used to produce passive anaphylaxis.
Signal-design for bandwidth-efficient multiple access (BEMA) communication based on eigenvalue optimization (1999)

Bandwidth-efficient multiple access (BEMA) is a multiple-access technique that seeks to minimize the required bandwidth while guaranteeing a certain quality of service (QoS) for each user. Decision feedback receivers (DFR) are used at the base station that decode the users successively, thereby allowing the users to use single-user error-control codes. This paper proposes a transmitter waveform design for a DFR based on eigenvalue optimization. The methodology is applicable for bandwidth measures such as root-mean squared (RMS) and fractional out-of-band power (FOBP). Numerical results show that BMA can significantly outperform orthogonal- and identical waveform signaling schemes.
Distribution of transferrin binding protein immunoreactivity in the chicken central and peripheral nervous systems (1997)

Transferrin binding protein (TfBP) is a glycoprotein originally purified from chicken oviduct that exhibits transferrin binding activity. Recent work has shown that TfBP is a post-translationally modified form of the heat shock protein (HSP108), the avian homologue of a glucose regulated protein, GRP94. The function of this protein, however, has not yet been clearly defined. Antiserum to TfBP was found to selectively stain oligodendrocytes of the avian brain. In this study, we further describe these oligodendrocytes and other cell types positive to anti-TfBP in the chick nervous system. In accordance with previous studies, the most prominent cell type that labels with antiserum to TfBP is the oligodendrocyte. At the electron microscopic level, the immunoreactive product is confined to the perinuclear cytoplasm and fine processes of the oligodendrocytes, whereas myelin and axoplasm are devoid of staining. The immunoreactive product is found both in the cytoplasmic matrix and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, suggesting that TfBP may have properties of both a soluble and an integral membrane protein. There is great variability in the number of TfBP-oligodendrocytes in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS); large numbers of cells are associated with the white matter regions and are found in the myelinated tracts, whereas few cells are present in the gray matter regions. In the retina, TfBP is localized specifically in the cells, that are morphologically oligodendrocytic and is present in the optic nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell layer. Obvious staining is also seen in the Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum and in the Schwann cells of the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, the choroid plexus cells similarly exhibit a strong reaction. The association of TfBP in these specific cell types responsible for myelination and sequestering iron and transferrin implies that TfBP may be involved in myelination and iron metabolism of the chick nervous system, perhaps through a role in transferrin concentration in these cells. A putative role of TfBP, as HSP108, is considered.
Purification and Characterization of an Aminopeptidase from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> AM2 (1989)

An aminopeptidase was purified from cell extracts of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM2 by ion-exchange chromatography. After electrophoresis of the purified enzyme in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, one protein band was detected. The enzyme was a 300-kilodalton hexamer composed of identical subunits not linked by disulfide bridges. Activity was optimal at 40 degrees C and pH 7 and was inhibited by classical thiol group inhibitors. The aminopeptidase hydrolyzed naphthylamide-substituted amino acids, as well as dipeptides and tripeptides. Longer protein chains such as the B chain of insulin were hydrolyzed, but at a much slower rate. The Michaelis constant (K(m)) and the maximal rate of hydrolysis (V(max)) were, respectively, 4.5 mM and 3,600 pkat/mg for the substrate l-histidyl-beta-naphthylamide. Amino acid analysis showed that the enzyme contained low levels of hydrophobic residues. The partial N-terminal sequence of the first 19 residues of the mature enzyme was determined. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained from the purified enzyme, and after immunoblotting, there was no cross-reaction between these antibodies and other proteins in the crude extract.
Regulation of bradykinin-induced chloride secretion in a human epithelial cell line. (1992)

The chloride secretory response to bradykinin in T84 cells is regulated. The efflux rate of 125I from these cells can be used to measure this response, and to demonstrate that the sensitivity to bradykinin varies with time in culture. The response in NuT84 cells is greater than that in T84, and can be blocked by the B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140.
Ethical Issues in Genetic Linkage Studies of Psychiatric Disorders (1992)

Recent advances in molecular genetics have radically altered the prospects for determining the role of heredity in the transmission of major psychiatric disorders. Identification of the actual gene(s) involved, elucidation of their structure, and determination of their products are the steps which theoretically follow successful demonstration of linkage (Gurling, 1985; Baron & Rainer, 1988). Consideration of the ethical issues raised by genetic linkage studies is therefore now of paramount importance. This article focuses on the problems raised by the research process, and not on the ethical implications of the results eventually obtained.
Diastereoselective Intramolecular Carbolithiations of Stereodefined Secondary Alkyllithiums Bearing a Remote Alkynylsilane (2018)

Various secondary alkyl iodides bearing a remote alkynylsilane underwent intramolecular carbolithiations triggered by an I/Li-exchange performed at -100 °C using t-BuLi (2.5 equiv). The resulting alkenyllithiums were stereoselectively converted to tetrasubstituted cyclopentane exo-alkylidenes. After Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation, cyclopentanes and cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes were obtained with stereocontrol of four contiguous centers.
Efficiency-limiting processes in cyclopentadithiophene-bridged donor-acceptor-type dyes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (2018)

The charge generation and recombination processes in three novel push-pull photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are studied by ps-μs transient absorption (TA) and quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy. The three cyclopentadithiophene-based photosensitizer dye molecules exhibit comparably low power conversion efficiencies ranging from 0.8% to 1.7% in solid-state DSSCs. We find that the photocurrents increase in the presence of Li-salt additives. Both TA and PIA measurements observe long-lived dye cations created by electron injection from the dyes' excited state for two dyes from the series. However, the third dye shows significantly lower performance as a consequence of the less efficient electron injection even after the addition of Li-salts and faster electron-hole recombination on the ns-μs time scale. In essence, the prerequisites for this class of donor-π bridge-acceptor photosensitizers to reach higher charge generation efficiencies are a combination of strong dipole moments and fine tuning of the electronic landscape at the titania-dye interface by Li-salt addition.
Recent Development of a Broadcast-Quality CCD Camera (1986)

The use of CCD technology in broadcast-quality cameras has led to practical applications that offer many advantages over pickup tubes, including smaller size, lighter weight, greater durability, lower power consumption, and absence of burn-in, comet tails, and sticking. Two problems with the use of CCDs have been vertical smearing when shooting bright subjects and lower resolution than with pickup tubes. A camera having an improved solid-state image sensor which virtually eliminates vertical smearing, and a Dual Green system which brings resolution equal to the level of that delivered by pickup tubes has been developed. A new electronic shutter that achieves dynamic resolution comparable to that of motion-picture cameras is also described.
TMN and new network architectures (1993)

The impact of telecommunication management network (TMN) concepts when applied to the management of newly emerging network architectures is illustrated using the example of intelligent networks (INs). An in-depth comparison of TMN and IN architectural aspects leads to a number of conclusions showing a significant degree of commonality between the two networks. The IN is analyzed as a telecommunication network architecture aimed at reducing service creation and modification development costs and delays. This approach unifies the processing techniques for a number of highly diversified network services. Similarly, the TMN, which covers a wide range of management resources organized into a unique architecture, tends to unify operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) for complex and evolving communication networks, despite their highly diverse network components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Failure prognostics of multilayer ceramic capacitors in temperature-humidity-bias conditions (2008)

This paper presents a prognostics approach which detects the performance degradation of multilayer ceramic capacitors under temperature-humidity-bias conditions, and then predicts remaining useful life. In the tests, three performance parameters (capacitance, dissipation factor and insulation resistance) were monitored in-situ. By comparing the predicted results with the experimental results, the prognostics approach provided advanced warning of failures for capacitors and predicted their remaining useful life.
Dislocation Dynamics Simulations of Junctions in Hexagonal Close-Packed Crystals (2011)

The formation and strength of dislocations in the hexagonal closed packed material beryllium are studied through dislocation junctions and the critical stress required to break them. Dislocation dynamics calculations (using the code ParaDiS) of junction maps are compared to an analytical line tension approximation in order to validate our model. Results show that the two models agree very well. Also the critical shear stress necessary to break 30{sup o} - 30{sup o} and 30{sup o} - 90{sup o} dislocation junctions is computed numerically. Yield surfaces are mapped out for these junctions to describe their stability regions as function of resolved shear stresses on the glide planes. The example of two non-coplanar binary dislocation junctions with slip planes [2-1-10] (01-10) and [-12-10] (0001) corresponding to a prismatic and basal slip respectively is chosen to verify and validate our implementation.
Fluorescence-aided molecule sorting: Analysis of structure and interactions by alternating-laser excitation of single molecules (2004)

We use alternating-laser excitation to achieve fluorescence-aided molecule sorting (FAMS) and enable simultaneous analysis of biomolecular structure and interactions at the level of single molecules. This was performed by labeling biomolecules with fluorophores that serve as donor-acceptor pairs for Förster resonance energy transfer, and by using alternating-laser excitation to excite directly both donors and acceptors present in single diffusing molecules. Emissions were reduced to the distance-dependent ratio E, and a distance-independent, stoichiometry-based ratio S. Histograms of E and S sorted species based on the conformation and association status of each species. S was sensitive to the stoichiometry and relative brightness of fluorophores in single molecules, observables that can monitor oligomerization and local-environment changes, respectively. FAMS permits equilibrium and kinetic analysis of macromolecule-ligand interactions; this was validated by measuring equilibrium and kinetic dissociation constants for the interaction of Escherichia coli catabolite activator protein with DNA. FAMS is a general platform for ratiometric measurements that report on structure, dynamics, stoichiometries, environment, and interactions of diffusing or immobilized molecules, thus enabling detailed mechanistic studies and ultrasensitive diagnostics.
Pioglitazone: an antidiabetic drug with the potency to reduce cardiovascular mortality (2006)

Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug known to decrease peripheral, hepatic and vascular insulin resistance by the stimulation of PPARgamma. In clinical trials, pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin has demonstrated to effectively improve blood glucose levels, long-term glucose control and the lipid profile. The vascular effects of pioglitazone include improvement of endothelial function and microcirculation, reduction of blood pressure and inflammatory surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, and a reduction of a composite measure of macrovascular events (death, stroke and myocardial infarctions). The drug is well tolerated and has an acceptable side effect profile. Because of its additional microvascular and macrovascular effects, pioglitazone is an attractive and effective treatment option for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Note on the Variability of Timing Control (1988)

Analyses of duration data measured from connected-speech signals for three "slow" and three "fast" adult talkers produced, for various sound categories and talkers, mean values and standard deviations that demonstrated strong functional relationships. These relationships preclude the use of the two measurements as independent descriptors of speech production. Typical distributions are shown. The implications of these data for the interpretation of the standard deviation of duration distributions in studies of the development of motor control and skilled action in children are discussed.
Stimulating and Blocking Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Receptor Autoantibodies from Patients with Graves’ Disease and Autoimmune Hypothyroidism Have Very Similar Concentration, TSH Receptor Affinity, and Binding Sites (2006)

TSAbs and TBAbs in the serum of patients with GD have similar characteristics. They are of low concentration with high affinity and have also similar binding epitopes on the TSH-R.
Peptidases, Proteases and Amyloid &#946;-Peptide Catabolism (2003)

The formation of senile plaques containing amyloid beta peptides (Abeta peptides) as a major constituent plays a significant role in development of Alzheimer's disease. The concentration of Abeta peptides in the brain is determined by a combination of their rate of synthesis and their rate of clearance. Considerable effort has been expended in producing inhibitors of the beta and gamma secretases involved in the synthesis of the Abeta peptides. More recently interest in the mechanism of clearance of the Abeta peptides has emerged, as promoting Abeta peptide clearance represents an alternative therapeutic approach. It now appears that cleavage of Abeta peptide by peptidases and proteases represents the major mechanism of clearance. This review describes those peptidases and proteases implicated in Abeta peptide clearance, the evidence that these enzymes function in vivo, and how they may represent new therapeutic targets.
Novel Co-based metal–organic frameworks and their magnetic properties using asymmetrically binding 4-(4′-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (2013)

Two novel Co-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesised and characterised using an asymmetrically binding ligand, 4-(4'-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4 triazole (Hcpt). The isolated [Co3(II)(μ3-O)(OH)(cpt)3(H2O)2]n·xH2O·yDMF, Co-MOF1, exhibits a rhombohedral crystal structure (space group, P63/mc), with a trinuclear cobalt core that resembles the MIL88 series. This MOF shows paramagnetic behaviour down to 2 K with no saturation of magnetisation up to 7 T. This is presumably due to a geometrically frustrated triangular arrangement of Co spins. The two-dimensional complex, [Co(II)(cpt)(N3)]n, Co-MOF2, crystallises in a monoclinic crystal system (space group, C2/m). The magnetic measurements reveal metamagnetic behaviour for this complex with a critical field in the range of 700-1000 Oe.
Amino acid, glucose, and lactic acid utilization in vivo by rat tumors. (1982)

These experiments were performed to determine the patterns of substrate utilization for energy production in tumors in vitro . A method is described for the growth of “tissue isolated” rat tumors. Implants of transplantable tumors are attached to a surgically prepared vascular pedicle composed of the superficial epigastric artery and vein. The vascular pedicle and tumor implant are enclosed in a parafilm envelope and placed in the inguinal fossa, and the skin incision is closed. Subsequent tumor growth is contained within the envelope, and vascularization of the tumor is entirely via the vascular pedicle. Tumors (1 to 6 g, wet weight) are harvested within 1 week to 2 months, depending on the growth rate. Blood samples may be collected by catheter from the tumor vein (superficial epigastric and femoral) and the carotid artery, or the tumor and pedicle may be removed and perfused. The overall success rate of the method, that is, tumor implants brought to successful blood sampling, is about 50%.

Arteriovenous differences for whole-blood amino acids, glucose, and lactic acid were measured in vitvo in Morris hepatomas 5123C, 7777, and 7288CTCF and Walker carcinosarcoma 256 grown by this method. Most whole-blood amino acids were utilized with mean utilization rates of 5 nmol/min/g tumor, wet weight, or less. Glutamine, the most abundant whole-blood amino acid, was also the most extensively utilized (mean utilization rates were 4 to 10 nmol/min/g). Ammonia was released into the venous blood by all tumors. The glucose utilization rate was directly proportional to the rate of glucose supply. Lactic acid was either produced or utilized, depending on the arterial blood lactic acid concentration. Lactate production occurred at arterial blood concentrations less than 2 to 3 mm, and utilization occurred at higher concentrations. The results show that new information on tumor-host organ inter-relationships and on the energy metabolism of tumors in vivo can be obtained using these techniques.
Altered nuclear cofactor switching in retinoic‐resistant variants of the PML‐RARα oncoprotein of acute promyelocytic leukemia (2011)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) results from a reciprocal translocation that fuses the gene for the PML tumor suppressor to that encoding the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα). The resulting PML-RARα oncogene product interferes with multiple regulatory pathways associated with myeloid differentiation, including normal PML and RARα functions. The standard treatment for APL includes anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic agents plus the RARα agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Relapse, which is often accompanied by ATRA resistance, occurs in an appreciable frequency of treated patients. One potential mechanism suggested by model experiments featuring the selection of ATRA-resistant APL cell lines involves ATRA-resistant versions of the PML-RARα oncogene, where the relevant mutations localize to the RARα ligand-binding domain (LBD). Such mutations may act by compromising agonist binding, but other mechanisms are possible. Here, we studied the molecular consequence of ATRA resistance by use of circular dichroism, protease resistance, and fluorescence anisotropy assays employing peptides derived from the NCOR nuclear corepressor and the ACTR nuclear coactivator. The consequences of the mutations on global structure and cofactor interaction functions were assessed quantitatively, providing insights into the basis of agonist resistance. Attenuated cofactor switching and increased protease resistance represent features of the LBDs of ATRA-resistant PML-RARα, and these properties may be recapitulated in the full-length oncoproteins.
Comments on "Is the Frobenius Matrix Norm Induced?" [with reply] (2003)

In "Is the Frobenius matrix norm induced?", the authors ask whether the Frobenius and the H/sup 2/ norms are induced. There, they claimed that the Frobenius norm is not induced and, consequently, conjectured that the H/sup 2/ norm may not be induced. In this paper, it is shown that the Frobenius norm is induced on particular matrix spaces. It is then shown that the H/sup 2/ norm is in fact induced on a particular matrix-valued L/sup /spl infin// space. A reply is provided to the comments.
Probing the Mg<sup>2+</sup>Blockade Site of an<i>N</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor with Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis (2006)

The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays a central role in learning and memory in the mammalian CNS. At normal neuronal resting membrane potentials, the pore of this glutamate-gated ion channel is blocked by a Mg2+ ion. Previous work suggests that the Mg2+ binding site is quite novel, involving several asparagine residues and a cation–π interaction between Mg2+ and a conserved tryptophan in the pore. Using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, we show that no such cation–π interaction exists. The implicated tryptophan instead appears to play a structural role that can only be fulfilled by a rigid, flat, hydrophobic residue. This is the first demonstration of unnatural amino acid incorporation in the NMDA receptor, and it opens the way for future investigations of this pivotal neuroreceptor.
NOMA With Index Modulation for Uplink URLLC Through Grant-Free Access (2019)

This paper proposes nonorthogonal sharing of available resources between latency-critical and latency-tolerant communication for fulfilling tight requirements of ultrareliable low-latency communication (URLLC) as well as avoiding inefficient spectrum utilization of grant-based (GB) access for sporadic URLLC traffic. In the proposed system, grant-free (GF) access is adopted for URLLC to reduce transmission latency, whereas GB access is used for latency-tolerant communication. Due to GF access, collision emerges between the communications, and use of OFDM technology for both communications leads to wideband interference (WB-I) on URLLC. Therefore, a novel nonorthogonal multiple accessing (NOMA) scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is proposed in order to reduce the impact of the collision on URLLC, that requires 99.999% success probability within 1 ms. OFDM-IM technology is used for latency-tolerant communication since WB-I is converted to either narrowband dominant interference or narrowband interference by fractional subcarrier activation in OFDM-IM. In this way, URLLC is partially affected by latency-tolerant communication. It is shown that the proposed NOMA scheme significantly reduces the latency in comparison to classical NOMA scheme based on pure OFDM while guaranteeing 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> reliability for URLLC, via both computer-based simulations and theoretical analysis.