gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors correlated to dichlorophenol dechlorination in anoxic freshwater sediments (1991)

Abstract The reductive dechlorination of three dichlorophenol (DCP) isomers was studied in anoxic sediments collected every other month for a year from five sites in one pond. Several physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the sediments also were determined to identify correlations with DCP dechlorination that may be used to predict the persistence of these compounds in anoxic sediments. Stepwise regression indicated that for 2,5- and 3,4-DCP, sediment pH, redox potential (Eh), and concentration of sulfate and nitrate accounted for 83% of the variation in T50 values (time for dechlorination of 50% of a DCP to a monochlorophenol). Although the number of sediment microorganisms that dechlorinate 2,4-DCP varied two orders of magnitude in sediments collected during the study year, regression analysis indicated that neither this nor any other variables could account for greater than 50% of the variation in T50 values for 2,4-DCP. Chlorine was preferentially removed from the aromatic ring in the order ortho &gt; para &gt; meta; however, the influence of chlorine position on the ring on the persistence of the DCPs was generally not statistically significant.
Peritoneal full-conditioning reduces postoperative adhesions and pain: a randomised controlled trial in deep endometriosis surgery (2013)

This translational research confirms in the human the efficacy of FC in reducing CO2 resorption and adhesions with in addition less postoperative pain, lower postoperative CRP concentrations and an accelerated recovery.
Adiponectin Oligomers in Human Serum during Acute and Chronic Exercise: Relation to Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity (2007)

Beneficial effects of physical exercise include improved insulin sensitivity, which may be affected by a modulated release of adiponectin, which is exclusively synthesized in white adipose tissue and mediates insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin circulates in three different oligomers, which also have a distinct biological function. We therefore aimed to investigate the distribution of adiponectin oligomers in human serum in relation to physical activity. Thirty-eight lean and healthy individuals were investigated. Seven healthy women and 8 healthy men volunteered to investigate the effect of chronic exercise, at 3 different time points with different training intensities. These individuals were all highly trained and were compared to a control group with low physical activity (n = 15). For studying acute exercise effects, 8 healthy men participated in a bicycle test. Adiponectin was determined by ELISA, oligomers were detected by non-denaturating western blot. Total adiponectin and oligomers were unchanged by acute exercise. LDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the chronic exercise group (p = 0.03). Total adiponectin levels and oligomers were not different between these two groups and were unaltered by different training intensities. However, total adiponectin and specifically HMW oligomers correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.459; p = 0.009). We conclude that acute and chronic exercise does not directly affect circulating adiponectin or oligomer distribution in lean and healthy individuals. Whether such regulation is relevant in individuals with a metabolic disorder remains to be determined. However, our data suggest that adiponectin oligomers have distinct physiological functions IN VIVO, and specifically HMW adiponectin is closely correlated with HDL cholesterol.
Venus, an Astrobiology Target (2021)

We present a case for the exploration of Venus as an astrobiology target-(1) investigations focused on the likelihood that liquid water existed on the surface in the past, leading to the potential for the origin and evolution of life, (2) investigations into the potential for habitable zones within Venus' present-day clouds and Venus-like exo atmospheres, (3) theoretical investigations into how active aerobiology may impact the radiative energy balance of Venus' clouds and Venus-like atmospheres, and (4) application of these investigative approaches toward better understanding the atmospheric dynamics and habitability of exoplanets. The proximity of Venus to Earth, guidance for exoplanet habitability investigations, and access to the potential cloud habitable layer and surface for prolonged <i>in situ</i> extended measurements together make the planet a very attractive target for near term astrobiological exploration.
Synthesis of ketones and tertiary alcohols from trialkylboranes. Use of lithium tris(phenylthio)methanide (1981)

A. Pelter and J. M. Rao, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 1149 DOI: 10.1039/C39810001149
<sup>15</sup>N nuclear polarization in the reactions of diallyl ether with nitrogen dioxide (1999)

The reaction of diallyl ether with nitrogen dioxide in organic solvents yields a mixture of cis and trans 2,3-bis(nitromethyl)tetrahydrofurans, cis and trans 2-nitratomethyl-3-nitromethyltetrahydrofurans and a number of straight-chain compounds with one to four nitro groups. Under the conditions used, the cyclic compounds form the main products when the solution of nitrogen dioxide is slowly added to the solution of diallyl ether but not when the reverse mode of addition is used. When 15 N-nitrogen dioxide is used, the products show strong 15 N nuclear polarization: the 2,3-di(nitromethyl)tetrahydrofurans give an emission signal, and one straight-chain product with two nonequivalent nitro groups shows both an emission signal and an enhanced absorption signal. For both the cyclic and straight-chain products, the nuclear polarization is consistent with the successive reactions of diallyl ether with two nitrogen dioxide radicals with uncorrelated spins.Key words: diallyl ether, nitrogen dioxide, 15 N nuclear polarization, CIDNP.
High-resolution ultraviolet spectra of sympathetically-laser-cooled<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions (1996)

Cadmium ions (${\mathrm{Cd}}^{+}$) have been cooled sympathetically below 1 K by means of Coulomb interactions with laser-cooled ${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ ions that are trapped simultaneously in a Penning trap. The ultraviolet resonance lines (5${\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{}2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}5${\mathit{p}}^{\mathrm{}2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$, \ensuremath{\lambda}=214.5 nm) of the cooled ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{+}$ ions were observed using a frequency-doubled cw dye laser. This radiation is based on efficient frequency doubling in a nonlinear crystal [\ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{BaB}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (BBO)] with an external enhancement cavity. The spectra of the six isotopes (A=110--114, and 116) were obtained using a natural isotope mixture, and the reliability of the measured isotope shifts is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Switched-Battery Boost-Multilevel Inverter with GA Optimized SHEPWM for Standalone Application (2015)

This paper presents a boost-multilevel inverter design with integrated battery energy storage system for standalone application. The inverter consists of modular switched-battery cells and a full-bridge. It is multifunctional and has two modes of operation: 1) the charging mode, which charges the battery bank and 2) the inverter mode, which supplies ac power to the load. This inverter topology requires significantly less power switches compared to conventional topology such as cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, leading to reduced size/cost and improved reliability. To selectively eliminate low-order harmonics and control the desired fundamental component, nonlinear system equations are represented in fitness function through the manipulation of modulation index and the genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to find the optimum switching angles. A seven-level inverter prototype is implemented and experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed inverter design.
Decreased Surface Porosity and Roughness of InP for Epitaxially Grown Thin-Film Devices: A Path to Integration of High Performance Electronics (2016)

Devices based on III-V semiconductors have generated widespread interest due to their superior performance over conventional semiconductors. However, III-Vs are inhibited from mass commercialization because of high costs. Thus, there is a motivation to develop affordable, high-quality thin film III-V devices, which has been realized through exfoliation techniques. In this work, a porous InP structure with optimal morphology was fabricated for exfoliation. A relationship between surface porosity and current density was determined for obtaining a desirable porous structure. Surface porosities as low as 0.02% were achieved, and it was found that reducing the porosity lowered the surface roughness. Thus, porous layers with surface roughness approaching polished InP were demonstrated. The porosities and surface roughness obtained are lower than previously reported and more ideal for growing a low-defect epitaxial film. By growing higher quality epitaxial films on a reusable seed wafer, high performance and cost effective III-V devices are made possible.
Gas-Phase HO<sup>•</sup>-Initiated Reactions of Elemental Mercury:  Kinetics, Product Studies, and Atmospheric Implications (2004)

Mercury is an environmentally volatile toxic fluid metal that is assumed to have a long atmospheric residence time and hence is subject to long-range transport. The speciation and chemical transformation of mercury in the atmosphere strongly influences its bioaccumulation potential in the human food chain as well as its global cycling. To investigate the oxidation of Hg0 by HO, the dominantdaytime atmospheric oxidant, we performed kinetic and product studies over the temperature range 283-353 K under near atmospheric pressure (100+/-0.13 kPa) in air and N2 diluents. Experiments were carried out by the relative rate method using five reference molecules and monitored by gas chromatography with mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). The HO were generated using UV photolysis of isopropyl nitrite at 300 < or = lambda < or = 400 nm in the presence of NO. The room-temperature rate constant was found to be (9.0+/-1.3) x 10(-14) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The temperature dependence of the reaction can be expressed as a simple Arrhenius expression (in unit of 10(-14) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1)) using ethane as the reference molecule: kHg + HO = 3.55 x 10(-14) exp((294+/-16)/T). The major reaction product, HgO, was identified in the gaseous form, as aerosols and as deposits on the container walls, using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS), electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), GC-MS, and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS). Experimental results reveal that ca. 6% of the reaction products were collected on a 0.2 microm filter as suspended aerosol, ca. 10% were in the gaseous form, and about 80% were deposited on the reaction vessel wall. The potential implications of our results in the understanding of tropospheric mercury transformation are herein discussed.
Aspects of information detection using entropy (2002)

An evolving learning system should be able to self-organise on its input vector continuously through time. This paper presents initial simulation results which show that entropy is a measure which could be employed to find various coding structure information by inspection of a binary input channel through time. It also shows that source information needs to be sparsely coded for entropy to be able to detect which code bitstring lengths are being employed to communicate source information to a self-organizing system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Performance Steel Plates for Shipbuilding —Life Cycle Cost Reduction Technology of JFE Steel— † (2005)

This paper describes the product designs and properties of the newly-developed anti-corrosion steel plates and high fatigue property steel plates that are expected to reduce the life cycle cost (LCC) of ship. The anti-corrosion steel plates for crude oil tankers, JFE-NAC5, enhance the exchange period of upper deck plates 5 years longer than the conventional steel plates due to the improvement of corrosion resistance and the extension of primer lifetime. The anti-fatigue damage steel plates, JFE-AFD, show more than twice longer fatigue propagation life compared to conventional steel plates, as well as improving fatigue strength.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects at the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Preterm Birth, but Causes Dystocia and Fetal Compromise in Mice1 (2016)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is implicated in the maintenance of uterine quiescence by down-regulating myometrial gap junctions during pregnancy, and it was considered as a strategy to prevent preterm birth after the occurrence of preterm labor. However, the effect of hCG on innate and adaptive immune cells implicated in parturition is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the immune effects of hCG at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation, and whether this hormone can safely prevent endotoxin-induced preterm birth. Using immunophenotyping, we demonstrated that hCG has immune effects at the maternal-fetal interface (decidual tissues) by: 1) increasing the proportion of regulatory T cells; 2) reducing the proportion of macrophages and neutrophils; 3) inducing an M1 → M2 macrophage polarization; and 4) increasing the proportion of T helper 17 cells. Next, ELISAs were used to determine whether the local immune changes were associated with systemic concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and/or cytokines (IFNgamma, IL1beta, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC/GRO, and TNFalpha). Plasma concentrations of IL1beta, but not progesterone, estradiol, or any other cytokine, were increased following hCG administration. Pretreatment with hCG prevented endotoxin-induced preterm birth by 44%, proving the effectiveness of this hormone as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, hCG administration alone caused dystocia and fetal compromise, as proven by Doppler ultrasound. These results provide insight into the mechanisms whereby hCG induces an anti-inflammatory microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation, and demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing preterm labor/birth. However, the deleterious effects of this hormone on mothers and fetuses warrant caution.
Evaluation of stair motion contributes to new insights into hip osteoarthritis‐related motion pathomechanics (2015)

ABSTRACT Stair motion in the presence of hip osteoarthritis (OA) has received less attention than level walking. Its more strenuous aspect may shed the light on different locomotor strategies when compared to walking. We, therefore, aimed to define stair motion features associated to hip OA and to evaluate whether these specific features would differ from level walking and better characterize the hip pathological condition. Principal component and linear discriminant analyses were, respectively, used as data reduction and classification techniques. Our study highlighted that most of stair motion features associated to hip OA were similar to the ones of walking. Stair descent presented with the lowest misclassification error rate, ranging from 12% to 19% (estimated by cross‐validation). But, features that may be considered as a mechanism to reduce demand on the hip abductors were found to be more important in the stair ascent condition. This was reflected by both, greater importance in the classification rule and variance compared with walking, that is, decreased hip internal rotation moment at mid‐stance (72.50% vs. 57.63%) and increased trunk lateroflexion toward affected side (56.43% vs. 29.37%). This study emphasized the importance of investigating stair motion in hip osteoarthritic population by highlighting specific locomotor strategies. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:187–196, 2016.
Analysis of 9p24 and 11p12-13 regions in autism spectrum disorders: rs1340513 in the JMJD2C gene is associated with ASDs in Finnish sample (2010)

In summary, our results give evidence for a possible common locus for OCD and ASDs at 9p24. We speculate that the area may represent a special candidate region for obsessive repetitive symptoms in ASDs.
Preparation and Characterization of Beclomethasone Dipropionate Solvates (2018)

Active pharmaceutical ingredients in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations need to have well-defined material properties. These can be influenced by the choice of processing parameters. The impact of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and acetone on the crystallization of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), an anti-inflammatory agent, was studied using X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Crystallization from methanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol resulted in particulate BDP with a predominantly anhydrous character. In contrast, BDP solvates were formed using ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, or acetone. The solvates had different crystalline structures depending on the solvent used. Distinct thermal properties confirmed the inclusion of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and acetone within the crystalline BDP host. Furthermore, the size, shape, and surface characteristics of the crystalline particles were found to be influenced by the choice of solvent in a reproducible way. These properties were also found to translate to the anhydrous products prepared from the solvates through controlled desolvation. Such information is of value to the pharmaceutical industry, where knowledge of how specific factors affect the crystalline product would potentially allow one to tailor BDP to have specific material properties. Knowledge of how to control these properties by controlling specific processing parameters and to adjust them as desired would be of great benefit to DPI formulations, where surface properties are crucial to the efficacy of the treatment.
Anaerobic biodegradation of pesticides and TNT: Site emerging technology demonstration (1993)

J. R. Simplot, Inc. is a multiconglomerate whose initial interest was in the production of potatoes in the Pacific Northwest. This has lead them into the agricultural chemical business including pesticides. Dinoseb (a carcinogenic herbicide used to kill the foliage of potato plants allowing for easer harvesting) was used by them and after its ban in the U.S., J. R. Simplot realized the only acceptable
Satellite/Terrestrial Communication Network Evaluation with Computer-Aided Workstation Tools (1998)

Abstract : Research has been performed on satellite and terrestrial networks. The work was broken down into five tasks: Network channel, and modem models; Investigation of decentralized routing/restoration algorithms under dynamic network conditions; Characterization of throughput and error performance; Applicability of various adaptive and diversity approaches; Study connectivity and flow control strategies appropriate for networks of networks with mobile nodes. The output of the grant is in the form of several publications in national and international conference proceedings, archival journals, and masters and Ph.D. theses. Several specialized pieces of software were developed and are briefly described in Appendix A.
Oats in the treatment of childhood coeliac disease: a 2‐year controlled trial and a long‐term clinical follow‐up study (2006)

In most children with coeliac disease, long-term consumption of oats is well tolerated, and it does not result in small bowel mucosal deterioration or immune activation.
Direct and indirect consequences on gene expression of a thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 mutation restricted to Sertoli cells (2014)

Thyroid hormone is required for the timely transition of Sertoli cells from proliferative to differentiating and maturing. This transition takes place during a critical developmental period in mammals, which in mice is the first post-natal week. In order to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of this differentiation process, we used Cre/loxP technology to selectively block the function of the thyroid hormone receptor TRα1 in Sertoli cells. We then used RNA-seq to analyze the changes in gene expression induced in the post-natal testis. This differential analysis provides genetic clues to the initial testicular defects resulting from disrupted thyroid hormone signaling, and suggests that Sertoli cells influence germ cells soon after their birth.
Selective Activation of Neuronal Targets With Sinusoidal Electric Stimulation (2010)

Electric stimulation of the CNS is being evaluated as a treatment modality for a variety of neurological, psychiatric, and sensory disorders. Despite considerable success in some applications, existing stimulation techniques offer little control over which cell types or neuronal substructures are activated by stimulation. The ability to more precisely control neuronal activation would likely improve the clinical outcomes associated with these applications. Here, we show that specific frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation can be used to preferentially activate certain retinal cell types: photoreceptors are activated at 5 Hz, bipolar cells at 25 Hz, and ganglion cells at 100 Hz. In addition, low-frequency stimulation (≤25 Hz) did not activate passing axons but still elicited robust synaptically mediated responses in ganglion cells; therefore, elicited neural activity is confined to within a focal region around the stimulating electrode. Our results suggest that sinusoidal stimulation provides significantly improved control over elicited neural activity relative to conventional pulsatile stimulation.
Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> (2011)

2D Ti3C2 nanosheets, multilayer structures, and conical scrolls produced by room temperature exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 in HF are reported. Since Ti3AlC2 is a member of a 60+ group of layered ternary carbides and nitrides, this discovery opens a door to the synthesis of a large number of other 2D crystals.
Comparison of four techniques for detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (1992)

Four serological methods were compared and evaluated for use in detecting cytomegalovirus antibody in blood and organ donors. Western blotting (immunoblotting), latex agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a recent available microparticle enzyme immunosorbent assay were used. The microparticle enzyme immunoassay appears to compare favorably with each of the other three assays tested for screening blood and organ donors for a previous cytomegalovirus infection.
Cerebrovascular accident associated with dipyridamole thallium-201 myocardial imaging: case report. (1993)

A patient with known aortoiliac occlusive disease and hypertension suffered a cerebrovascular accident 6.5 min after the administration of intravenous dipyridamole during a 201Tl myocardial study. Despite aminophylline administration, the patient developed a completed stroke. The mechanism most likely responsible for precipitating this patient's stroke is dipyridamole-induced vascular steal. Although dipyridamole-201Tl myocardial imaging is relatively free of major complications, the morbidity and mortality associated with a cerebrovascular accident is significant. The possibility of precipitating a cerebrovascular accident during dipyridamole-201Tl imaging should be considered in all patients with significant risk factors for stroke before performing a dipyridamole cardiac study.