gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ovarian hormones enhance 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated increases in cell proliferation and preneoplastic foci in a two-stage model for rat hepatocarcinogenesis. (1991)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in rodents. However, liver tumor incidence is increased by TCDD in female Sprague-Dawley rats but not male rats in chronic carcinogen bioassays. Our studies have investigated this finding by evaluating histological and biochemical parameters in a two-stage model for hepatocarcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats (intact and ovariectomized), using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as the initiating agent and TCDD as the promoting agent. Increases in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci were greater in intact female rats than in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. For example, in intact rats receiving both DEN and TCDD, the percentage of liver occupied by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci was 0.37, compared to 0.08 in OVX rats. Values for intact or OVX rats receiving either DEN or TCDD only were 0.04 or less. Similar results were obtained when using placental glutathione S-transferase to detect hepatic preneoplastic lesions. Cell proliferation data, obtained using bromodeoxyuridine in osmotic minipumps, were consistent with preneoplastic foci data in that the hepatocyte labeling index was increased in DEN/TCDD intact rats but not in DEN/TCDD OVX rats. Analysis of data from individual animals revealed a strong correlation (P less than 0.01) between cell proliferation and placental glutathione S-transferase-positive foci/cm3 in liver. These findings did not reflect effects of ovariectomy on TCDD tissue distribution, since livers of OVX rats contained more TCDD than livers of intact rats, although both groups of rats received a dose of 1.4 micrograms TCDD/kg once every 2 weeks for 30 weeks. Hepatic cytochrome P-450d (IA2) was induced approximately 6-8-fold in all TCDD-treated groups, and the magnitude of induction was not influenced by ovariectomy. This cytochrome efficiently catalyzes metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol to catechol estrogens. Our data suggest that ovarian hormones (probably estrogen) play a significant role in the hepatocarcinogenic actions of TCDD.
Controlled invariance for affine control systems (1981)

Abstract The paper gives a solution of the disturbance decoupling problem for non-linear systems. The main difference between this and related works in the field is the construction of a now state-dependent basis for the inputs.
Full-Scale Model Testing on Ballasted High-Speed Railway: Dynamic Responses and Accumulated Settlements (2018)

High-speed trains generate much higher vibrations in track structures than conventional trains and intensive train passages (e.g., on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway line where the train passage interval is less than 5 minutes) cause accumulated permanent settlement in the railway track substructures, which will decrease track performance and jeopardize the safety of trains. Since very few field measurements on ballasted high-speed railways are available in literature, this paper presents experimental results of vibration velocity, dynamic soil stress, and the accumulated settlement of a ballasted high-speed railway from a full-scale model testing facility with simulated trains moving loads at various speeds. A portion of a realistic ballasted railway consisting of track structure, ballast layer, subballast, embankment, and piled foundation was constructed in a larger box. An eight-actuator sequential loading system was used to generate equivalent vertical loadings on the track structure for simulating the dynamic excitations due to train movements. Dynamic stresses measured in the track substructure layers (ballast, subballast, and embankment) were found to be strongly dependent on train speeds especially for speeds higher than 144 km/h. It was found that both the vibration velocity and the dynamic soil stress were greatly amplified as the train speed increased to 300 km/h, and the ballast layer effectively reduced the vibrations transmitted from the track structure to underlying soil. The accumulated settlement of the substructure did not reach a stable state even after 100,000 moving train loads at a speed of 300 km/h.
Divergent Modes of Enzyme Inhibition in a Homologous Structure−Activity Series (2009)

A docking screen identified reversible, noncovalent inhibitors (e.g., 1) of the parasite cysteine protease cruzain. Chemical optimization of 1 led to a series of oxadiazoles possessing interpretable SAR and potencies as much as 500-fold greater than 1. Detailed investigation of the SAR series subsequently revealed that many members of the oxadiazole class (and surprisingly also 1) act via divergent modes of inhibition (competitive or via colloidal aggregation) depending on the assay conditions employed.
Design issues in wireless LANs (1996)

Wireless Local Area Networks (LANs), while similar in some respects to wired LANs, have many differences that impact their design. The key differences are the unreliable natnre of wireless communication and the mobility of stations enabled by their wireless capability. Various design alternatives for wireless LANs are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each choice are argued. The discussion is restricted to the design alternatives that are impacted by the wireless media and the mobile natnre of stations for the physical layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, topology choices for the connectivity of stations, and the networking layer. The choices that have been made in current systems are briefly described imd the potential advantages of alternative designs are discussed.
Can we define a tolerable level of risk in food allergy? Report from a <scp>E</scp>uro<scp>P</scp>revall/<scp>UK F</scp>ood <scp>S</scp>tandards <scp>A</scp>gency workshop (2011)

Two concrete actions were suggested: (1) Action levels should be derived from the data currently available. Different scenarios should be examined and further developed in an iterative process. On the basis of this work, a tolerable level of risk should be proposed. (2) 'One-dose' clinical trial with a low challenge dose should be performed in multiple centres to provide additional information about the general applicability of dose-distribution models and help validate the threshold levels derived.
Feature Learning Based Approach for Weed Classification Using High Resolution Aerial Images from a Digital Camera Mounted on a UAV (2014)

The development of low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and light weight imaging sensors has resulted in significant interest in their use for remote sensing applications. While significant attention has been paid to the collection, calibration, registration and mosaicking of data collected from small UAVs, the interpretation of these data into semantically meaningful information can still be a laborious task. A standard data collection and classification work-flow requires significant manual effort for segment size tuning, feature selection and rule-based classifier design. In this paper, we propose an alternative learning-based approach using feature learning to minimise the manual effort required. We apply this system to the classification of invasive weed species. Small UAVs are suited to this application, as they can collect data at high spatial resolutions, which is essential for the classification of small or localised weed outbreaks. In this paper, we apply feature learning to generate a bank of image filters that allows for the extraction of features that discriminate between the weeds of interest and background objects. These features are pooled to summarise the image statistics and form the input to a texton-based linear classifier that classifies an image patch as weed or background. We evaluated our approach to weed classification on three weeds of significance in Australia: water hyacinth, tropical soda apple and serrated tussock. Our results showed that collecting images at 5–10 m resulted in the highest classifier accuracy, indicated by F1 scores of up to 94%.
Electrochemical properties of polycyclic compounds studied by the polarographic method in anhydrous systems. II. Polarographic study of carcinogenic nitrogen compounds in dimethylformamide and comparison of half-wave potentials with quantum-chemical calculations of molecular orbitals. (1975)

Reduction of half-wave potentials and the mechanism of reduction of 20 polycyclic nitrogen compounds were studied on a dropping-mercury electrode in anhydrous dimethylformamide using tetrabuthylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte. The measured values of the reducing half-wave potentials of the polycyclic aza-compounds were compared in view of their carcinogenic activity with parental carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Electrochemical measurements have confirmed that the size of the shift in reducing potentials towards the more positive values and the decline of the carcinogenic activity generally depend on the number and position of the nitrogen atoms in the molecule of the polycyclic nitrogen compound under study. At the same time, the experimental electrochemical measurements were matched with the results of the quantum-chemical calculations of the molecular orbitals and this showed a good agreement to exist between the values of reducing half-wave potentials obtained by experimental measurement and by calculation.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONE 7. MITT. HAUPTBESTANDTEILE DER ′HAIRPENCIL′‐SEKRETION VON DANAUS CHRYSIPPUS (1971)

Abstract Aus obigen Extrakten werden die Inhaltsstoffe (I) und (II) isoliert.
New method for dividing encoder signals by means of computer (1993)

In order to improve the resolution of an optical grating encoder it is very effective to divide the encoder signal. In this paper a new method for dividing encoder signals is developed. Its basic principle is based on a new kind of advanced tech''iique to obtain the fraction period section of an encoder signal by means of velocity measuement and consequently the signal can be divided finely. By means of this method not only does the dividing precision suffer no effects from possible errors owing to sinusolidality orthogonality and direct electric potential of signals but also the method is suitable for dynamic measurement of small computational load.
Adult celiac disease presenting as cerebellar syndrome (1980)

A progressive pancerebellar syndrome in a 57-year-old man heralded what was subsequently diagnosed by malabsorption studies and jejunal biopsy as adult celiac disease. Postmortem examination demonstrated characteristic gastrointestinal and cerebral abnormalities associated with this enteropathy. The neuropathology underlying the ataxia, as well as the clinical features of palatal myoclonus and marked speech impairment, included marked cerebellar cortical atrophy with cell loss in dentate and olivary nuclei. Intestinal-absorption studies are indicated to evaluate patients with any neurologic illness that may be related to malabsorption.
Pentoxifylline decreases tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 during high tidal volume (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is one of the most important proinflammatory cytokines which plays a central role in host defense and in the acute inflammatory response related to tissue injury. The major source of TNF-alpha are immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. We tested the hypothesis that pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression during acute lung injury in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 450 g were anesthetized ip with 50 mg/kg sodium thiopental and randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (N = 7): tidal volume (V T) = 7 ml/kg, respiratory rate (RR) = 50 breaths/min and normal saline infusion; group 2 (N = 7): V T = 42 ml/kg, RR = 9 breaths/min and normal saline infusion; group 3 (N = 7): V T = 42 ml/kg, RR = 9 breaths/min and pentoxifylline infusion. The animals were ventilated with an inspired oxygen fraction of 1.0, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O, and normal saline or pentoxifylline injected into the left femoral vein. The mRNA of TNF-alpha rapidly increased in the lung tissue within 180 min of ventilation with a higher V T with normal saline infusion. The concentrations of inflammatory mediators were decreased in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the presence of higher V T with pentoxifylline infusion (TNF-alpha: plasma, 102.2 ± 90.9 and BAL, 118.2 ± 82.1; IL-1ß: plasma, 45.2 ± 42.7 and BAL, 50.2 ± 34.9, P < 0.05). We conclude that TNF-alpha produced by neutrophil influx may function as an alert signal in host defense to induce production of other inflammatory mediators.
HIGH EFFICIENCY, LOW COST PARABOLIC DISH SYSTEM FOR COGENERATION OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT (2010)

Highly efficient combined heat and power generating system based on CPV technology using unique dish design consisting of multiple simple flat mirrors mounted on a plastic parabolic surface. The dish of total aperture area of 11 m2 focuses 10.3 kWp onto a heat and electricity generating receiver. The receiver comprises a water cooled, dense triple junction cell array of 176 cm2 aperture area. A unique arrangement of the cells compensates for the non‐uniformity of the reflected flux. Depending on the flow rate, the temperature of the hot water can be adjusted to suit from temperatures for domestic use, to temperatures suited for process heat. The output of 2.3 kWp electrical and 5.5 kWp thermal power from one dish system represent 20 to 21% electrical and 50% thermal conversion efficiency adding to 70% overall system efficiency.
Identification of transmission line user and congestion management by loop flow controllers (2006)

The deregulation of electric power industry has been proceeding in Japan. Some new comers' can use traditional power utilities' transmission lines under proper rules. In this situation, a question: "Who use individual transmission lines" has become an important concern. Since an organization like ISO or RTO has to manage the congestion and has to charge proper transmission fee to users. The loop flow control by DC-link and phase-shifter (UPFC) is also essential issue. A system operator has to obey proper control rules which should be fair and equal to all related members. In this paper, a simple algorithm has been proposed to identify the transmission users in the third party access. This algorithm is based on "DC-flow" approach, which treats only the injection power (P) and the voltage phase angle (delta). DC-link, phase shifter and switching of CB can control loop flows. Every loop flow controller can be modeled as pseudo power injections at both "from" and "to" nodes of each controller. These injections have same absolute values with opposite sign. The effects of controllers can be identified and isolated independently from other load flows. In this paper, two steps of loop flow control have been discussed. In the first Control-1, a system operator adjusts the loop flow controllers using an optimization method based on LP or QP. These control action does not affect to energy balance in each company. In the second Control-2, a system operator indicates required modifications of line flows to each company so as they can change their energy balance by themselves. Although we could not complete numerical tests in this stage, we check the performance in near future using larger test cases
Advances in Mobile Multimedia Networking and QoS: Part II [Guest Editorial] (2008)

There are three papers in Part II of this feature topic covering advances in mobile multimedia networking and QoS. They are summarized here.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Titanium Complexes with Sulfamide Ligands as Precatalysts for Hydroaminoalkylation and Hydroamination Reactions. (2012)

Abstract A novel dinuclear titanium complex is synthesized and successfully applied to the title reactions.
A Simplified Multivariant SMA Model Based on Invariant Plane Nature of Martensitic Transformation (2002)

The Multivariant model describing shape memory alloy (SMA) constitutive behavior is further developed in this paper for improved prediction of thermomechanical response. In the original formulation of the Multivariant model, an interaction energy, representative of the incompatibility of an inclusion to the matrix, was calculated by a micromechanics model in which every variant group (inclusion) was embedded in the austenite phase with numerous other inclusions. However, experiments show that martensite variants tend to form large plates most of which have an invariant plane interface with the austenite and reach the grain boundary. Hence, to better simulate material behavior, in the revised model the micromechanical interaction energy is replaced by a small, constant term. The predictions by the new model for different uniaxial tension directions on a single CuAlNi crystal have excellent agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the counterintuitive results for a polycrystal CuZnAl under triaxial loading are also well captured by the new model. As the revised model removes an iterative procedure for interaction energy, calculations are simplified, making the Multivariant model more suitable for larger scale computations.
Preparation of a target specific fraction controlling the proliferation of granulocytes. The abolishment of the specificity by glutathion. (1980)

A low molecular weight fraction (GI-3) was prepared from peripheral horse blood leukocytes. This fraction inhibits the proliferation of bone marrow cells, the effect is dose dependent. The proliferation of thymocytes and HeLa cells is not affected by GI-3. This specificity was abolished when glutathion was applied together with GI-3; the 3H-TdR uptake of thymocytes in vitro was completely inhibited, however, slight or no effect was observed on bone marrow and HeLa cells, respectively.
Crop Type Classification based on Machine Learning with Multitemporal Sentinel-1 Data (2020)

The amount of open satellite data has increased tremendously in recent years, simultaneously with a continuing decrease in the price of high performance cloud computing. This can be combined with machine learning methods to perform crop type classification in the agricultural sector. In this paper, we propose a data processing chain for processing multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR data, and show how the temporal patterns of agricultural fields can be visualized to provide a valuable overview prior to classification. We then investigate the performance of 6 machine learning methods for crop type classification of 12 crop types based on 44333 fields, and achieve an overall accuracy of (94.02 ± 0.25)% with an RBF SVM classifier. The dataset used is a subset of all the fields of the chosen crop types in Denmark in 2019, which comprises a total of 289810, or 49.34% of all fields in the country for the 2019 season. The entire data processing chain is based on open data and free open source software, thereby minimizing the cost of practical applications and future work for both industry and academia. All code used for the paper is available on GitHub.
Consistent evaluation of an ultrasound-guided surgical navigation system by utilizing an active validation platform (2017)

An ultrasound image-guided needle tracking systems have been widely used due to their cost-effectiveness and nonionizing radiation properties. Various surgical navigation systems have been developed by utilizing state-of-the-art sensor technologies. However, ultrasound transmission beam thickness causes unfair initial evaluation conditions due to inconsistent placement of the target with respect to the ultrasound probe. This inconsistency also brings high uncertainty and results in large standard deviations for each measurement when we compare accuracy with and without the guidance. To resolve this problem, we designed a complete evaluation platform by utilizing our mid-plane detection and time of flight measurement systems. The evaluating system uses a PZT element target and an ultrasound transmitting needle. In this paper, we evaluated an optical tracker-based surgical ultrasound-guided navigation system whereby the optical tracker tracks marker frames attached on the ultrasound probe and the needle. We performed ten needle trials of guidance experiment with a mid-plane adjustment algorithm and with a B-mode segmentation method. With the midplane adjustment, the result showed a mean error of 1.62±0.72mm. The mean error increased to 3.58±2.07mm without the mid-plane adjustment. Our evaluation system can reduce the effect of the beam-thickness problem, and measure ultrasound image-guided technologies consistently with a minimal standard deviation. Using our novel evaluation system, ultrasound image-guided technologies can be compared under equal initial conditions. Therefore, the error can be evaluated more accurately, and the system provides better analysis on the error sources such as ultrasound beam thickness.
Nitric oxide availability in diabetes mellitus (1998)

Diabetes mellitus is associated with early development of cardiovascular complications. Under physiological conditions the endothelium protects against the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells produce, e.g., nitric oxide (NO), a substance which is capable of keeping vascular tone, coagulation and inflammation well balanced. However, in pathological conditions, such as in diabetes mellitus, impaired NO activity may be present. Decreased NO activity can be caused by impaired production of NO, due to uncoupling of receptor-mediated signal transduction, a deficiency of the NO synthase (NOS) substrate L-arginine, or a decreased availability of one or more cofactors essential for optimal functioning of NOS. However, hyperglycaemia also stimulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, enhances the polyol pathway and activates protein kinase C. These conditions may lead to increased oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species rapidly inactivate NO leading to the formation of peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite is a toxic oxidant capable of damaging many biological molecules. Reduced NO availability may not only be of relevance to the development of atherosclerotic complications in diabetes but may also interfere with insulin-mediated postprandial glucose disposal and possibly contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Understanding of the complex metabolic disturbances interacting with the NO system may provide us with further therapeutic options to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus.
The role of sodium and potassium transport pathways in taste transduction: an overview (1990)

Article de synthese a propos du role des cations, de l'AMP cyclique, de la cascade enzymatique intracellulaire et des canaux ioniques dans les mecanismes de transduction des informations gustatives