gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Select Cost-Effective Risk Countermeasures Exemplified in CORAS (2013)

Risk is unavoidable in business and risk management is needed amongst others to set up good security policies. Once the risks are evaluated, the next step is to decide how they should be treated. This involves managers making decisions on proper countermeasures to be implemented to mitigate the risks. The countermeasure expenditure, together with its ability to mitigate risks, is factors that affect the selection. While many approaches have been proposed to perform risk analysis, there has been less focus on delivering the prescriptive and specific information that managers require to select cost-effective countermeasures. This paper proposes a generic approach to integrate the cost assessment into risk analysis to aid such decision making. The approach makes use of a risk model which has been annotated with potential countermeasures, estimates for their cost and effect. A calculus is then employed to reason about this model in order to support decision in terms of decision diagrams. We exemplify the instantiation of the generic approach in the CORAS method for security risk analysis.
Automation: The key to successful product-line management (1991)

1Director of Nursing Affairs, HealthQuest, HBO & Company Atlanta, Georgia 2Program Manager, Financial Consulting Services, HBO & Company Atlanta, Georgia
Separation of Cotton and Rayon or Cotton and Acetate for Analytical Purposes (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of Cotton and Rayon or Cotton and Acetate for Analytical PurposesOskar. HeimCite this: Anal. Chem. 1950, 22, 2, 360Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60038a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (159 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Per un quadro delle “frequentazioni pavesi” di Alessandro Manzoni. Fonti archivistiche e letterarie (1804-1873) (2013)

Il lavoro ripercorre il rapporto di Alessandro Manzoni con la realtà pavese, dalla giovinezza alla maturità.
An Outline of Japan's Prehistoric Cultures (1953)

Until quite recently the cultural prehistory of Japan has been, like many other areas of Asia, very inadequately known to most American and European students. There is now enough material available to enable me to present to you an outline of the prehistoric cultural development of Japan with a high degree of reliability in its essential validity. Much remains to be done, however, both in the sphere of “dirt archaeology” and in the field of analysis, synthesis, and foreign relationships. The term “Jomon” has become entrenched as the designation for the entire period of Japanese culture preceding the entrance of the Yayoi people with their bronze-age culture from Korea and the adjacent areas into Kyushu. This migration must have commenced at least as early as the second century B.C. since it is known that Yayoi centers were flourishing in Kyushu and southwest Honshu in the first century B.C. Absolute dates for the earliest cultural manifestations in Japan are lacking but my guess would be about 3000 B.C.
USES OF TECHNOLOGY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (2021)

The word logistics has its origin from Greek word “logistike” which means the art of calculating. However, the modern interpretation of the term logistics has its origin in the military, where it was used to describe the activities related to the procurement of ammunitions, and essential supplies for troops located at the front. Logistics not only includes activities related to the physical movements of the goods but also manages relationship with suppliers and customers. The main objective of the paper is to determine the various technology used in logistics and supply chain management including information technology, communication technology and automatic identification technology. 
The creator basically centers on the auxiliary information for gathering information identifying with different innovation utilized in logistics and store network the board. The creator reaches determination that Technology is a vehicle to upgrade store network intensity and execution by improving the general viability and productivity of logistics framework. In addition different advancements in innovation have made the undertaking simpler and quicker other than being less arduous.
Characterization and Preservation of Karst Networks in the Carbonate Reservoir Modeling (2007)

Abstract Karstification was developed in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs resulted from the action of meteoric waters during subaerial exposure. Poor core recovery and borehole imaging logs in permeable sections of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs lead to poor understanding on karst networks. Due to the complex in geometry and lateral variability in thickness, features of karst networks cannot be clearly explained on 3D seismic. A new integrated approach is proposed, which consists of integrating 3D specially processed seismic geometric attributes, lithofacies and well log and drilling data into imaging karst networks and characterizing their effective properties. Geometric attributes, describing reservoir coherence, dip and lineaments, are seismic frequency dependent and allow reservoir architectures and karst features such as channels, dissolution fractures and sink holes to be identified in different frequency scales. The model-based classification technique is used to describe karst full geometry with estimated geometric attributes. The interpreted karst features are verified with total drilling losses encountered in drilled wells. To incorporate karst network geometries into a deterministic reservoir model, other reservoir heterogeneities based on their effects on reservoir connectivity and permeability are identified. The detailed reservoir architecture mapping for each layer related to karst connectivity and flow heterogeneity is the basis for the modeling carbonate reservoirs. Lithofacies units are characterized by reconciling lithology related attribute data at seismic and well log scales. Reservoir dynamic data are also used to quantify the karst network properties in terms of size, trend and pattern of permeability. With the case study, we demonstrate the application of our new integrated approach to the characterization and modeling of karst networks in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. Our results show that quantitative integrated interpretation of karst networks and reservoir architectures can provide a new understanding of carbonate reservoir modeling and underlying geological controls.
Which Dendrimer to Attain the Desired Properties? Focus on Phosphorhydrazone Dendrimers (2018)

Among the six Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters (CNDPs) proposed by Prof. Donald A. Tomalia, this review illustrates the influence of the sixth one, which concerns the elemental composition, on the properties of dendrimers. After a large introduction that summarizes different types of dendrimers that have been compared with PolyAMidoAMine (PAMAM) dendrimers, this review will focus on the properties of positively and negatively charged phosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers, especially in the field of biology, compared with other types of dendrimers, in particular PAMAM dendrimers, as well as polypropyleneimine (PPI), carbosilane, and p-Lysine dendrimers.
Disruption of Membrane by Colistin Kills Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Persisters and Enhances Killing of Other Antibiotics (2016)

Persisters are small populations of quiescent bacterial cells that survive exposure to bactericidal antibiotics and are responsible for many persistent infections and posttreatment relapses. However, little is known about how to effectively kill persister bacteria. In the work presented here, we found that colistin, a membrane-active antibiotic, was highly active against Escherichia coli persisters at high concentrations (25 or 50 μg/ml). At a clinically relevant lower concentration (10 μg/ml), colistin alone had no apparent effect on E. coli persisters. In combination with other drugs, this concentration of colistin enhanced the antipersister activity of gentamicin and ofloxacin but not that of ampicillin, nitrofurans, and sulfa drugs in vitro The colistin enhancement effect was most likely due to increased uptake of the other antibiotics, as demonstrated by increased accumulation of fluorescence-labeled gentamicin. Interestingly, colistin significantly enhanced the activity of ofloxacin and nitrofurantoin but not that of gentamicin or sulfa drugs in the murine model of urinary tract infection. Our findings suggest that targeting bacterial membranes is a valuable approach to eradicating persisters and should have implications for more effective treatment of persistent bacterial infections.
Review: Transdermal patch (2013)

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) or “patches,” are dosage forms designed to deliver effective amount of drug across a patient's skin. In order to deliver therapeutic agents through the human skin for systemic effects, the comprehensive morphological, biophysical and physicochemical properties of the skin are to be considered. Transdermal delivery is advantageous over injectables and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are limitation of hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. The evidence of percutaneous drug absorption found through measurable blood levels of the drug, detectable excretion of the drug and its metabolites in the urine and through the clinical response of the patient to the administered drug therapy.
Partial purification and characterization of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:keratan sulfate sulfotransferases. (1984)

Two 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:keratan sulfate sulfotransferases were purified 600-fold and 340-fold, respectively, from isolated bovine cornea cells. Sulfotransferase I exhibited an apparent Mr = 220,000, whereas an Mr = 140,000 was calculated for sulfotransferase II. The final preparations were both devoid of chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferase activity. The position of sulfation was determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sixty per cent of the sulfate ester groups formed by sulfotransferase I were linked to the C-6 atom of galactosyl residues, the other ones to the C-6 atom of N-acetylglucosamine. Sulfotransferase II showed a different specificity: 23% of the newly formed sulfate ester groups were on galactosyl and 77% on N-acetylglucosaminyl residues. Both sulfotransferase preparations acted in a cooperative manner. In the presence of both sulfotransferases, the incorporation of [35S]sulfate into keratan sulfate was up to 75% higher than could be expected from the sum of individual activities. From the specific radioactivities of the oligosaccharides produced by digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase, it was also concluded that both enzyme species reacted best with keratan sulfate segments exhibiting a relatively high degree of sulfation.
Methods and uses of precise time in power systems (1992)

As evidenced by recent work on disturbance recorder synchronization, protective and adaptive relaying, and state vector measurement, utility interest in using accurate and standardized time over wide geographical areas has increased. Microsecond timekeeping is now available to the utility user. Power system applications include maintaining the general public's timekeeping, event recorder synchronization, relay testing, synchronous digital sampling, voltage phase angle (and hence system state vector) measurement, and fault location. The authors describe worldwide standard times, practical methods of transferring time from government standards agencies to the utility user, applications, and utility experience. New material is presented on the performance of standard timekeeping services and utility experience with equipment in substations and control centers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A wavelet-based continuous classification scheme for multifunction myoelectric control (2001)

This work represents an ongoing investigation of dexterous and natural control of powered upper limbs using the myoelectric signal. When approached as a pattern recognition problem, the success of a myoelectric control scheme depends largely on the classification accuracy. A novel approach is described that demonstrates greater accuracy than in previous work. Fundamental to the success of this method is the use of a wavelet-based feature set, reduced in dimension by principal components analysis. Further, it is shown that four channels of myoelectric data greatly improve the classification accuracy, as compared to one or two channels. It is demonstrated that exceptionally accurate performance is possible using the steady-state myoelectric signal. Exploiting these successes, a robust online classifier is constructed, which produces class decisions on a continuous stream of data. Although in its preliminary stages of development, this scheme promises a more natural and efficient means of myoelectric control than one based on discrete, transient bursts of activity.
Small-scale patterning methods for digital image correlation under scanning electron microscopy (2011)

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful, length-scale-independent methodology for examining full-field surface deformations. Recently, it has become possible to combine DIC with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enabling the investigation of small-scale deformation mechanisms such as the strains accommodated within grains in polycrystalline metals, or around micro-scale constituents in composite materials. However, there exist significant challenges that need to be surmounted before the combination of DIC and SEM (here termed SEM-DIC) can be fully exploited. One of the primary challenges is the ability to pattern specimens at microstructural length scales with a random, isotropic and high contrast pattern needed for DIC. This paper provides a thorough survey of small-scale patterning methods for SEM-DIC and discusses their advantages and disadvantages for different applications.
[Segmentation analysis of the oro-dental health of a population of young adults]. (1976)

The results of an epidemiological study of the oral conditions in a representative sample of 2000 adult inhabitants of Strasbourg, 16 to 30 years old, have been analyzed by the segmentation method. The gingival conditions were essentially dependent on dental plaque, followed by age, socio-professional status, as well as DMF/S and sex. Dental caries was mainly related to age and then to gingival conditions and sex. The amount of calculus and the socio-professional conditions intervened afterwards. In all conditions, the females had more carious lesions than the males.
As modificações do clima de Lourenço Marques (2012)

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Greenhouse Heating with Geothermal Heat Pump Systems (2006)

Geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems are known for their higher energy efficiency, lowermaintenance, and lower environmental impact compared to conventional heating systems, but theirdisadvantage is higher capital cost. The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility ofgreenhouse heating with GHP systems. Both closed- and open-loop systems are examined at fourlocations across the U.S. and a net present value analysis is conducted for a 20-year life-cycle forvarious GHP base-load fractions. Results show that it is only under situations of relatively lowgeothermal loop installation costs and/or relatively high natural gas costs that some portion of agreenhouse could be economically heated with a closed-loop GHP system. Open-loop GHP systemsshow considerably more favorable economics than closed-loop systems. Of course, open-loopsystems would need to be sited at locations with sufficient ground water supply.
Electrochemical surface modification of titanium in dentistry (2009)

Titanium and its alloys have good biocompatibility with body cells and tissues and are widely used for implant applications. However, clinical procedures place more stringent and tough requirements on the titanium surface necessitating artificial surface treatments. Among the many methods of titanium surface modification, electrochemical techniques are simple and cheap. Anodic oxidation is the anodic electrochemical technique while electrophoretic and cathodic depositions are the cathodic electrochemical techniques. By anodic oxidation it is possible to obtain desired roughness, porosity and chemical composition of the oxide. Anodic oxidation at high voltages can improve the crystallinity of the oxide. The chief advantage of this technique is doping of the coating of the bath constituents and incorporation of these elements improves the properties of the oxide. Electrophoretic deposition uses hydroxyapatite (HA) powders dispersed in a suitable solvent at a particular pH. Under these operating conditions these particles acquire positive charge and coatings are obtained on the cathodic titanium by applying an external electric field. These coatings require a post-sintering treatment to improve the coating properties. Cathodic deposition is another type of electrochemical method where HA is formed in situ from an electrolyte containing calcium and phosphate ions. It is also possible to alter structure and/or chemistry of the obtained deposit. Nano-grained HA has higher surface energy and greater biological activity and therefore emphasis is being laid to produce these coatings by cathodic deposition.
A system for machine-written and hand-written character distinction (2002)

In applications of character recognition where machine-printed and hand-written characters are involved, it is important to know if the character image, or the whole word, is machine- or hand-written. This is due to the accuracy difference between the algorithms and systems oriented to machine- or handwritten characters. Obviously, this type of knowledge leads to the increase of the overall system quality. In this work a classification system is presented which reads a raster image of a character and outputs two confidence values, one for "machine-written" and one for "hand-written" character classes, respectively. The proposed system features a preprocessing step, which transforms a general uncentered character image into a normalized form, then the feature extraction phase extracts relevant information from the image, and at the end, a standard classifier based on a feedforward neural network creates the final response. At the end, some results on a proprietary image database are reported.
DNAzyme Hybridization, Cleavage, Degradation, and Sensing in Undiluted Human Blood Serum (2015)

RNA-cleaving DNAzymes provide a unique platform for developing biosensors. However, a majority of the work has been performed in clean buffer solutions, while the activity of some important DNAzymes in biological sample matrices is still under debate. Two RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (17E and 10-23) are the most widely used. In this work, we carefully studied a few key aspects of the 17E DNAzyme in human blood serum, including hybridization, cleavage activity, and degradation kinetics. Since direct fluorescence monitoring is difficult due to the opacity of serum, denaturing and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis were combined for studying the interaction between serum proteins and DNAzymes. The 17E DNAzyme retains its activity in 90% human blood serum with a cleavage rate of 0.04 min(-1), which is similar to that in the PBS buffer (0.06 min(-1)) with a similar ionic strength. The activity in serum can be accelerated to 0.3 min(-1) with an additional 10 mM Ca(2+). As compared to 17E, the 10-23 DNAzyme produces negligible cleavage in serum. Degradation of both the substrate and the DNAzyme strand is very slow in serum, especially at room temperature. Degradation occurs mainly at the fluorophore label (linked to DNA via an amide bond) instead of the DNA phosphodiester bonds. Serum proteins can bind more tightly to the 17E DNAzyme complex than to the single-stranded substrate or enzyme. The 17E DNAzyme hybridizes extremely fast in serum. With this understanding, the detection of DNA using the 17E DNAzyme is demonstrated in serum.
The Measurement of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Motor Vehicles Under Road Driving Conditions (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The methodology for the acquisition of proportional samples of vehicle engine exhaust gases is presented. The mini-CVS technique used is shown to correlate with full-scale CVS equipment. On the road data for regulated emissions of 15 cars are compared with an earlier survey. These data were obtained over a wide range of operating conditions including urban, rural and motorway drives. Gas chromatographic techniques have been applied to determine the emissions on the road of a range of non-regulated hydrocarbons i.e. aromatics, saturated and unsaturated species.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The mini-CVS technique together with a minidilution tunnel for the determination of particulate emissions from diesel engined vehicles is described and results from light-duty and heavyduty vehicles presented.</div>
The regulatory network controlling spore formation in<i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2014)

Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, is a major cause of nosocomial infections such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Spores are the vector of its transmission and persistence in the environment. Despite the importance of spores in the infectious cycle of C. difficile, little was known until recently about the control of spore development in this enteropathogen. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory network controlling C. difficile sporulation. The comparison with the model organism Bacillus subtilis highlights major differences in the signaling pathways between the forespore and the mother cell and a weaker connection between morphogenesis and gene expression. Indeed, the activation of the SigE regulon in the mother cell is partially independent of SigF although the forespore protein SpoIIR, itself partially independent of SigF, is essential for pro-SigE processing. Furthermore, SigG activity is not strictly dependent on SigE. Finally, SigG is dispensable for SigK activation in agreement with the absence of a pro-SigK sequence. The excision of the C. difficile skin element is also involved in the regulation of SigK activity. The C. difficile sporulation process might be a simpler, more ancestral version of the program characterized for B. subtilis.