gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mate Searching in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>: A Genetic Model for Sex Drive in a Simple Invertebrate (2004)

Much of animal behavior is regulated to accomplish goals necessary for survival and reproduction. Little is known about the underlying motivational or drive states that are postulated to mediate such goal-directed behaviors. Here, we describe a mate-searching behavior of the Caenorhabditis elegans male that resembles the motivated behaviors of vertebrates. Adult C. elegans males, if isolated from mating partners, will leave the area of a food source and wander about their environment in an apparent search for a mate. When mating partners are present on the food source, males do not wander but remain with them. This behavior is sexually dimorphic for C. elegans and two additional male/hermaphrodite species studied; for these species, hermaphrodites leave food significantly slower than males. In contrast, for three male-female species examined, both males and females left food, in two cases with similar frequency, suggesting coordinate evolution of behavioral dimorphism with hermaphroditism. We use a quantitative behavioral assay to show that C. elegans male mate searching is regulated by signals from hermaphrodites and by physiological signals indicating nutritional and reproductive status. We identify genes in the serotonin, insulin, and sex determination pathways that affect the rate of mate searching. These genes may contribute to physiological and reproductive regulatory mechanisms. Our results establish C. elegans as a model genetic animal with a simple nervous system in which neural pathways leading to a motivated behavior may be genetically dissected.
The measurement of compound neural action potential in sciatic nerve using microelectrode array (2006)

As a method of observing regeneration of damaged nerves, research is being conducted on analyzing the electric signals of nerve fibers that are damaged and regenerating by implanting a microelectrode array between those nerves. Microelectrode arrays possess high impedance and a unique phase characteristic according to their structural features,thus it requires a phase linearity test and an impedance test to prevent neural signal distortion.Therefore, this paper analyzes the features of microelectrode array and designs a bioamplifier. We also measured signals from sciatic nerves in rats with microelectrode array.
A Novel, Sensitive Assay for High-Throughput Molecular Detection of Plasmodia for Active Screening of Malaria for Elimination (2012)

Although malaria remains one of the leading infectious diseases in the world, the decline in malaria transmission in some area makes it possible to consider elimination of the disease. As countries approach elimination, malaria diagnosis needs to change from diagnosing ill patients to actively detecting infections in all carriers, including asymptomatic and low-parasite-load patients. However, few of the current diagnostic methods have both the throughput and the sensitivity required. We adopted a sandwich RNA hybridization assay to detect genus Plasmodium 18S rRNA directly from whole-blood samples from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax patients without RNA isolation. We tested the assay with 202 febrile patients from areas where malaria is endemic, using 20 μl of each blood sample in a 96-well plate format with a 2-day enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like work flow. The results were compared with diagnoses obtained using microscopy, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and genus-specific real-time PCR. Our assay identified all 66 positive samples diagnosed by microscopy, including 49 poorly stored samples that underwent multiple freeze-thaw cycles due to resource limitation. The assay uncovered three false-negative samples by microscopy and four false-negative samples by RDT and agreed completely with real-time PCR diagnosis. There was no negative sample by our assay that would show a positive result when tested with other methods. The detection limit of our assay for P. falciparum was 0.04 parasite/μl. The assay's simple work flow, high throughput, and sensitivity make it suitable for active malaria screening.
Data concerning Human Fertility (1942)

HUMAN ISO-AGGLUTININ ANTIFM MEDICA JOUItAL of individuals tested." He had previously (Wiener, 1939) mentioned three cases of anti-M and had given references to two of them. The first had been reported, without details being given, by Wolff and Jonnson (1933, p. 84), the second by Friedenreich (1937), and another case, which may be the third one referred to by Wiener, has been described by Moureau and Lambert (1939a, 1939b).
The Level of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and the Presence of Mucin as Predictors of Cystic Pancreatic Mucinous Neoplasia (2007)

With pancreatic cyst fluid analysis, the strongest predictor of mucinous neoplasia is the presence of identifiable mucin, followed by a CEA level greater than 300 ng/mL. The workup of cystic lesions of the pancreas should include chemical analysis for the CEA level and cytological examination with particular attention to extracellular mucin.
Distinguishing the Best from the Rest (1999)

This essay examines the notion of practices, summarizes key studies on this theme, and discusses methodological concerns related to empirical studies of best management practices.
Practice Parameters for the Surgical Management of Crohn's Disease (2007)

Strong, Scott A. M.D.; Koltun, Walter A. M.D.; Hyman, Neil H. M.D.; Buie, Donald W. M.D. the Standards Practice Task Force of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Author Information
Macro, micro, and molecular research on spermatogenesis: The quest to understand its control (1995)

Synchronous maturation of the germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium has long been recognized by microscopy, and is believed to be a consequence of a complex interaction between the germ cells and the Sertoli cells, largely driven by testosterone and its synergistic action with follicle-stimulating hormone. Overall coordination of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium is reviewed with regard to the known and possible actions of testosterone upon the Sertoli cells and the germ cells. With gradual refinements of optical instrumentation and development of a wide range of histological, morphometric, biochemical, and molecular techniques, coupled with selective alterations of hormonal stimulation and the cellular composition of the testis, new approaches to the question of how sperm production is regulated are becoming available. Germ cell and Sertoli cell functions are intimately related to each other via local, intratesticular or paracrine signals which are suppressed or triggered at certain defined steps in the spermatogenic process. The coordination of germ cell proliferation and maturation is discussed in terms of the contributions made by microscopical techniques.
Inhibition of eukaryotic ribonuclease P activity by aminoglycosides: kinetic studies (2000)

The effect of several aminoglycoside antibiotics on ribonuclease P (RNase P) was investigated using an in vitro experimental system from Dictyostelium discoideum . Detailed kinetic analysis showed that all aminoglycosides tested (tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, paromomycin, neomycin) behave as classical non‐competitive inhibitors, with neomycin being the strongest inhibitor. The inhibition effect is attributed to the electrostatic competition of the cationic aminoglycosides with magnesium ions required for catalysis. Increasing Mg 2+ ion concentrations reduced the effect of aminoglycosides on RNase P activity. Detailed kinetic analysis showed that aminoglycosides compete with Mg 2+ for common binding sites on RNase P holoenzyme.
An Unchanging Culture (1985)

APPALACHIAN CULTURE DATES BACK HUNDREDS OF YEARS. GERONTOLOGICAL NURSES MUST FIND WAYS TO COMMUNICATE WITH THESE MOUNTAIN ELDERLY
Degradation of Benzothiophene and Related Compounds by a Soil <i>Pseudomonas</i> in an Oil-Aqueous Environment (1975)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PRG-1, an isolate from oil-contaminated soil, degrades benzothiophene (BT) and other related compounds in a 5% oil-basal medium system. The organism cannot grow on BT alone; 0.05% yeast extract is a suitable substrate for its growth and for its attack on BT. Although BT is partially toxic to the bacteria, toxicity is reduced when BT is added in this oil system. The oil phase is emulsified by bacterial action during the process. Oxygen uptake studies with washed cell suspensions show increased respiration in the presence of BT. Endogenous respiration is markedly decreased by p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate, whereas respiration due to BT is scarcely affected, suggesting that oxygen is added directly to BT. Results obtained both in direct degradation and in respiration studies indicate that 3-methyl-thiophene is more rapidly and extensively degraded than BT and other related compounds.
Robust generic and query-based summarisation (2003)

We present a robust summarisation system developed within the GATE architecture that makes use of robust components for semantic tagging and coreference resolution provided by GATE. Our system combines GATE components with well established statistical techniques developed for the purpose of text summarisation research. The system supports "generic" and query-based summarisation addressing the need for user adaptation.
The nutritive value of citrus pulp ensiled with wheat straw and poultry litter for sheep (2001)

In experiment 1, 4 treatments were prepared consisting of a mixture of chopped wheat straw in different proportions, a fixed proportion of poultry litter and 0, 15, 30 and 45% citrus pulp on a dry matter basis. The mixtures were ensiled for 60 days at room temperature in polythene bags. Ensiling (time effect) resulted in an increase ( P &lt;0.001) in titrable acidity level and a decrease in pH in the silage. In titrable acidity, there was an interaction effect ( P &lt;0.001) between the levels of citrus pulp and the ensiling time, such that there was an increase ( P &lt;0.001) in titrable acidity and a decrease ( P &lt;0.001) in pH in the 4 treatments both before and after fermentation. However, compared with the premix, there was a large increase in titrable acidity in silage following fermentation. Ensiling resulted in complete elimination of all coliforms in spite of their presence in large numbers in the mixtures before ensiling. Although the total nitrogen content was not affected, ensiling resulted in an increase ( P &lt;0.05) in the proportion of soluble nitrogen. The potential degradability of the silage dry matter ranged from 487 to 582 g/kg and increased ( P &lt;0.05) with the level of citrus pulp. In experiment 2, the daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, digestible organic matter and the digestibility of organic matter increased significantly with levels of citrus pulp in the basal silage diet, but there was no difference ( P &gt;0.05) in dry matter intake between diets containing 0, 76 and 167 g/kg citrus pulp when the intake was expressed on the basis of metabolic body weight. However, there was a decrease ( P &lt;0.001) in intake of silage and diet dry matter, organic matter and digestible organic matter when the level of citrus pulp in the basal silage diet increased from 167 to 272 g/kg. Only animals on the basal silage diet containing 167 g/kg citrus pulp had a higher ( P &lt;0.05) and positive nitrogen balance of 1.0 g/day. It is concluded that wheat straw and poultry litter can be ensiled successfully with citrus pulp to produce silage that is safe and of high fermentation quality. This silage has a medium to high feeding value in sheep, provided that the level of citrus pulp in the diet is in the range of 150–200 g/kg.
Nanotechnology and Health Safety – Toxicity and Risk Assessments of Nanostructured Materials on Human Health (2007)

The field of nanotechnology has recently emerged as the most commercially viable technology of this century because of its wide-ranging applications in our daily lives. Man-made nanostructured materials such as fullerenes, nanoparticles, nanopowders, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanofibers, quantum dots, dendrimers, nanoclusters, nanocrystals, and nanocomposites are globally produced in large quantities due to their wide potential applications, e.g., in skincare and consumer products, healthcare, electronics, photonics, biotechnology, engineering products, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, and agriculture. Human exposure to these nanostructured materials is inevitable, as they can enter the body through the lungs or other organs via food, drink, and medicine and affect different organs and tissues such as the brain, liver, kidney, heart, colon, spleen, bone, blood, etc., and may cause cytotoxic effects, e.g., deformation and inhibition of cell growth leading to various diseases in humans and animals. Since a very wide variety of nanostructured materials exits, their interactions with biological systems and toxicity largely depend upon their properties, such as size, concentration, solubility, chemical and biological properties, and stability. The toxicity of nanostructured materials could be reduced by chemical approaches such by surface treatment, functionalization, and composite formation. This review summarizes the sources of various nanostructured materials and their human exposure, biocompatibility in relation to potential toxicological effects, risk assessment, and safety evaluation on human and animal health as well as on the environment.
Comparison of the<i>exoS</i>Gene and Protein Expression in Soil and Clinical Isolates of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is translocated into eukaryotic cells by the type III secretory process and has been hypothesized to function in conjunction with other virulence factors in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To gain further understanding of how ExoS might contribute to P. aeruginosa survival and virulence, ExoS expression and the structural gene sequence were determined in P. aeruginosa soil isolates and compared with ExoS of clinical isolates. Significantly higher levels of ExoS ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity were detected in culture supernatants of soil isolates compared to those of clinical isolates. The higher levels of ADPRT activity of soil isolates reflected both the increased production of ExoS and the production of ExoS having a higher specific activity. ExoS structural gene sequence comparisons found the gene to be highly conserved among soil and clinical isolates, with the greatest number of nonsynonymous substitutions occurring within the region of ExoS encoding GAP function. The lack of amino acid changes in the ADPRT region in association with a higher specific activity implies that other factors produced by P. aeruginosa or residues outside the ADPRT region are affecting ExoS ADPRT activity. The data are consistent with ExoS being integral to P. aeruginosa survival in the soil and suggest that, in the transition of P. aeruginosa from the soil to certain clinical settings, the loss of ExoS expression is favored.
Overview of Differential GPS Methods (1985)

A local GPS reference receiver (RR) can be used to eliminate common errors in the GPS navigation solution of other nearby receivers. A threefold improvement in remote GPS position accuracy can be achieved by this technique under optimum conditions. Several methods of accomplishing this process are presented.
A High-Accuracy Digital Instrument Design for DC Measurements (1972)

A high-accuracy self-calibrating digital instrument design has been developed in order to make available the inherent efficiency advantages of conventional digital meters, but without their limitations in accuracy, reliability, or certifiability. The new instrument can extend the advantages of automation to many testing, quality control, and standards laboratories where heretofore only high-quality manually balanced instruments could be used. Automation at this level of accuracy can eliminate serious cost bottlenecks in the testing of precision devices such as Zeners, resistors, A/D and D/A networks and converters, standard cells, regulated power supplies, voltage and current sources, digital and differential voltmeters and potentiometers, and the dc output of many precision transducers. The paper describes a number of applications of this new type of digital instrument and presents samples of the type of automatic test data obtained.
Electrocardiographic Effects of Intravenous Cocaine: An Experimental Study in a Canine Model (2003)

Cocaine abuse causes cardiac dysfunction. Acute intravenous administration of cocaine may lead to development of severe arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, ST-T changes, and sudden death. Understanding arrhythmogenesis due to cocaine may provide a therapeutic approach to reduce morbidity and mortality. We studied the arrhythmogenic activity and other electrocardiographic abnormalities resulting from an intravenous bolus of cocaine. Baseline and postanesthetic electrocardiographic findings were compared with those after administration of intravenous bolus of various doses of cocaine hydrochloride in 20 dogs. The study was done in three phases (phase I: low dose of cocaine [1 mg/kg, 15 experiments]; phase II: medium dose [2 mg/kg, 30 experiments]; and phase III: high dose [5-7 mg/kg, 10 experiments]). Plasma levels of cocaine were estimated. The low dose induced sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, atrial ectopic, wandering pacemaker, unifocal ventricular premature contractions, and ventricular couplets. The medium dose generated moderately severe arrhythmias that were of supraventricular origin. Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation were observed in two experiments each. Ventricular arrhythmias were manifested as unifocal, multifocal, interpolated ventricular premature contractions as well as bigeminy, trigeminy, couplets, and salvos. The high dose of 5-7 mg/kg increased electrocardiographic intervals and caused ST-segment elevation as well as serious life-threatening arrhythmias. Three of the dogs developed sustained ventricular tachycardia followed by ventricular flutter-fibrillation and death.
Effectiveness of soap formulations containing deet and permethrin as personal protection against outdoor mosquitoes in Malaysia. (1986)

Two soap formulations, both containing 20% deet and one each containing permethrin at 0.5 and 1.0%, respectively, were applied to exposed arms and legs of volunteers as personal protection against outdoor human biting mosquitoes in six locations on Penang Island, Malaysia. The predominant mosquito species collected from these locations were Aedes albopictus, Mansonia uniformis, Culex gelidus, Anopheles lesteri and Armigeres subalbatus. Efficacy and residual effects up to 4 hours indicated good protection against these species. Reduction in mosquito landing-biting rates in treated groups ranged from 83.8 to 100.0%. At high densities, small percentages of Ma. uniformis and An. lesteri landed or bit on treated skin. Use of the soap formulations in terms of cost-effectiveness, safety and overall vector control strategy for some tropical diseases is discussed.
EM Algorithms for ML Factor Analysis (1982)

The details of EM algorithms for maximum likelihood factor analysis are presented for both the exploratory and confirmatory models. The algorithm is essentially the same for both cases and involves only simple least squares regression operations; the largest matrix inversion required is for a q × q symmetric matrix where q is the matrix of factors. The example that is used demonstrates that the likelihood for the factor analysis model may have multiple modes that are not simply rotations of each other; such behavior should concern users of maximum likelihood factor analysis and certainly should cast doubt on the general utility of second derivatives of the log likelihood as measures of precision of estimation.
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of longitudinal motion performance of SWATH (2010)

Based on analyzing the factors affecting the longitudinal motion performance of SWATH, this paper establishes the layered evaluating index system of the longitudinal motion performance of SWATH. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight coefficients of the evaluating index. Then this paper evaluates the longitudinal motion performance of SWATH using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the steps of evaluation are also provided. The actual example shows that the evaluation method is reasonable and effective. Further more, this method can provide the theoretic support for the determination of the project of the stabilizer fins and the overall design of SWATH.
Hypersensitivity Lung Disease (1985)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Bare-hand tracking based on the new DAD object tracking method. (2011)

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Wound Healing: The Role of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (1993)

Recent investigation into the mechanisms of wound healing has indicated the interaction of many substances, including several growth factors. The activity of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), are best defined. Both factors are secreted primarily from the alpha granules of platelets, but also from activated macrophages and fibroblasts. Investigation implicates the platelet as the initiator of wound healing, secreting PDGF, TGF-beta, and other factors that are chemotactic for monocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Although their mode of action and degree of effect are different, both PDGF and TGF-beta increase the collagen content and early rate of gain of strength in wounds in normal and compromised tissue. In normal tissue, however, there is no long-term effect on wound outcome. The use of exogenous growth factors offers potential for chemical manipulation of the healing wound, particularly in tissues that are compromised, or where healing is abnormal.
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems: an excellent carrier for tumor peptide vaccines (2018)

In the past 40 years, the nanoparticle drug delivery system for tumor peptide vaccines has been widely studied which also reached a splendid result. Nanomaterial can enhance the targeting of vaccines, help vaccines enter the cells and trigger immune response by themselves. They also help in increasing cellular uptake, improving permeability and efficacy. Currently, several categories of nanopreparation, such as liposome, polymeric micelle, polymeric nanoparticle, gold nanoparticle and so on, are proved that they are appropriate for peptide vaccines. This review we discussed the possible mechanisms of nanomaterial's action on the regulation of immunological functions and several major applications of this advanced drug delivery system for tumor peptide vaccine.
Innovación en la industria mexicana: reflexiones a partir del estudio del sistema de innovación de San Luis Potosí (2012)

Al analizar los determinantes de la innovacion, el enfoque de sistemas de innovacion tiene muchas bondades pero sus inicios se anclan a la realidad de paises desarrollados; por eso es necesario realizar estudios que permitan adaptar su logica a las particularidades de paises en desarrollo. Este articulo expone algunos de los resultados de un estudio al sistema de innovacion en San Luis Potosi, Mexico. En particular, tras una breve introduccion a las teorias de la innovacion, se presentan parte de los hallazgos de la encuesta de innovacion industrial, la identifi cacion del perfi l institucional del sistema de innovacion de San Luis Potosi y una propuesta de modelo de desarrollo de innovaciones en la industria mexicana. A continuacion se resume una serie de recomendaciones generales para potenciarla. La conclusion destaca que la innovacion en las empresas se hace mayoritariamente a partir de recursos propios y sin colaboracion