gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The spatial distribution of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to ganglion cell dendrites in the tiger salamander retina (1990)

In response to focal stimuli, ganglion cell dendrites receive excitation over a relatively narrow extent of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). This excitation is embedded in 2 wider lateral inhibitory regions. Here we estimate the lateral dimensions of the inhibitory regions. Ganglion cells were whole-cell patch-clamped and dendrites were identified and located in retinal slices using Lucifer yellow in the pipettes. The spatial distribution of ganglion cell dendritic sensitivity was measured with puffs of transmitter substances applied at different distances along the dendrites. All ganglion cell dendrites were sensitive to glutamate, GABA, and glycine across their full extent. The responses to puffs decreased with lateral distance from the soma and were well fit by Gaussians. The responses to puffs of potassium showed a similar decrement with distance. Since potassium channels are probably uniformly distributed along the dendrites, the similarity in profiles suggests that receptor density is also uniform along the dendrites. The spatial distribution of responses of ganglion cells to excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs was measured by depolarizing local populations of bipolar terminals (and subsequently local populations of amacrine cells) with transretinal current (TRC). TRC-stimulating electrodes were displaced laterally, with respect to the ganglion cell soma, to generate response profiles. We estimated the dimensions of the inhibitory and excitatory signals received by the ganglion cells by removing the contributions of their dendrites, the stimulus, and other interneurons from the response profiles. The excitatory signal extended less than 100 microns, the approximate dimensions of the ganglion cell dendrites, and corresponds roughly to the width of the bipolar inputs. The GABAergic signal extended, on average, 253 microns and glycinergic signal extended, on average, 315 microns. These inhibitory signal dimensions correspond to the width of classes of amacrine cell processes measured in other studies.
Spin Qubits in Multi-Electron Quantum Dots (2003)

We study the effect of mesoscopic fluctuations on the magnitude of errors that can occur in exchange operations on quantum dot spin-qubits. Mid-size double quantum dots, with an odd number of electrons in the range of a few tens in each dot, are investigated through the constant interaction model using realistic parameters. It is found that the constraint of having short pulses and small errors implies keeping accurate control, at the few percent level, of several electrode voltages. In practice, the number of independent parameters per dot that one should tune depends on the configuration and ranges from one to four.
Association of health‐related quality of life with dual use of prescription and over‐the‐counter nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (2008)

Patients may self-manage their pain to improve their daily activities by taking more than 1 NSAID. However, by attempting to obtain symptom relief, patients may be putting themselves at risk for complications. Providers are likely unaware of patients' risk. Future research should evaluate the causal factors contributing to dual use.
Imatinib Mesylate, Increased Bone Formation, and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (2006)

To the Editor: In a recent cross-sectional study, Berman et al. found that some patients who were treated with imatinib mesylate had hypophosphatemia, with low-normal serum calcium levels, elevated...
A MED13-dependent skeletal muscle gene program controls systemic glucose homeostasis and hepatic metabolism (2016)

The Mediator complex governs gene expression by linking upstream signaling pathways with the basal transcriptional machinery. However, how individual Mediator subunits may function in different tissues remains to be investigated. Through skeletal muscle-specific deletion of the Mediator subunit MED13 in mice, we discovered a gene regulatory mechanism by which skeletal muscle modulates the response of the liver to a high-fat diet. Skeletal muscle-specific deletion of MED13 in mice conferred resistance to hepatic steatosis by activating a metabolic gene program that enhances muscle glucose uptake and storage as glycogen. The consequent insulin-sensitizing effect within skeletal muscle lowered systemic glucose and insulin levels independently of weight gain and adiposity and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. MED13 suppressed the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and metabolism in skeletal muscle by inhibiting the nuclear receptor NURR1 and the MEF2 transcription factor. These findings reveal a fundamental molecular mechanism for the governance of glucose metabolism and the control of hepatic lipid accumulation by skeletal muscle. Intriguingly, MED13 exerts opposing metabolic actions in skeletal muscle and the heart, highlighting the customized, tissue-specific functions of the Mediator complex.
Quantitative Analysis of Gold Nanorod Alignment after Electric Field-Assisted Deposition (2009)

We have studied the alignment of colloidal gold nanorods, deposited from solution onto well-defined substrates in the presence of an AC electric field generated by micrometer spaced electrodes. The field strengths employed in our experiments are sufficiently large to overcome Brownian motion and induce accumulation and alignment of the nanorods in the region near the electrodes with their long axis parallel to the field. However, despite the large fields, we find that the degree of alignment is considerably smaller than what was previously reported for field-induced nanorod alignment in suspension. We show that hydrodynamic interactions and capillary effects during drying, as well as friction of nanorods on the substrate surface, to not play a major role. The limited alignment of nanorods is ascribed to the different experimental configuration and the correspondingly larger density of nanorods. The mutual interactions of nanorods give rise to a disturbance of the local electric field and therewith their orientation. For sufficiently large field strengths, these interactions lead to the formation of nanorod chains that ultimately bridge the electrode gap. Furthermore, for small electrode spacing, the nanorods accumulate on the electrode surface, and the screening of their mutual interactions results into considerably improved alignment.
Preferential differentiation of T cell receptor specificities based on the MHC glycoproteins encountered during development. Evidence for positive selection. (1989)

T cells recognize foreign antigens together with those MHC glycoproteins they have encountered during their development in the thymus. How the repertoire of antigen-specific TCRs is selected has not yet been fully defined. We have investigated the T cell repertoire specificities of CD4-CD8+ cytotoxic T cells developing under conditions where one of the class I MHC-encoded molecules is blocked, while other class I-MHC glycoproteins are still expressed. We show that antigen-specific T cells restricted to the blocked class I fail to develop, while generation of other class I-specific T cell proceeds undisturbed. This highly selective perturbation of the T cell receptor repertoire demonstrates that development of CD4-CD8+ T cells with a certain TCR specificity requires expression of particular alleles of class I MHC. Thus, TCR-MHC interactions provide signals essential to the differentiation of precursor T cells.
Continuous Apoptin Expression in Transgenic Mice Does Not Interfere with Lymphocyte Development and Proliferation (2005)

Objective The viral protein Apoptin induces apoptosis in a wide variety of tumor cells but leaves non-transformed cells unharmed. Currently, systemic therapies are hindered by toxicity to rapidly dividing tissues, particularly to the immune system. Therefore, we investigated whether Apoptin remains inert in normal lymphocytes, even during development, activation and proliferation of these cells. Methods We generated transgenic mice expressing Apoptin under the regulation of the H-2Kb promoter, the murine homologue of human MHC1. Northern and Western blot analyses were carried out to determine the expression of the Apoptin gene in various tissues of transgenic-Apoptin mice. By means of FACS analysis, a possible deleterious effect of Apoptin expression on B and T cells was examined. Finally, transgenic-Apoptin and control cells were stimulated with lipopolyscacharide (LPS) and growth curves were generated. Results Apoptin was primarily expressed in lymphoid tissues. Importantly, there was no effect on B, helper T- or cytotoxic T cell numbers derived from transgenic spleens, suggesting that none of these cell types was sensitive to Apoptin expression. Inhibition of the proteasome showed that in these normal cells Apoptin had a short half-life, which might in part explain its tumor-specific activity. Moreover, stimulation of B cells with LPS or stimulation of T cells with IL-2 and Con A did not result in a growth disadvantage for the transgenic lymphocytes, nor did it lead to increased cell death. Conclusion Our data show that normal lymphocytes tolerate the expression of Apoptin during both activation and proliferation,eliminating a first hurdle for the development of systemic therapy against cancer with Apoptin.
<title>Analysis and design of mushroom-type traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator using the finite difference time domain method</title> (2001)

We present mushroom-type TWEAM, which has improved velocity mismatch, with optimized impedance match compared to conventional modulators by reducing the distance between signal and ground metal line. In this paper, the layer structure of mushroom-type TW MQW EAM is designed for the operation of 1.55 um and optical index of active layer is designed to be 3.6. Also, we simulate an 1.55 um InGaAs/InGaAsP traveling-wave multiple quantum well electro- absorption modulator using 3D Finite Difference Time Domain method. Also, we investigate microwave characteristics in detail.
FLASH PATTERNS IN JAMAICAN FIREFLIES (1964)

1. A portable photometer has been devised, permitting recording of flashes of flying fireflies in the field under natural conditions.2. Various Jamaican fireflies typically emit their light according to one of the following patterns: (a) long-continued flow, usually fluctuating in intensity, (b) single concerted flashes of 75-100-msec. duration, delivered at regular intervals of 2 to 6 or more seconds, (c) one or more twinkles or flickers consisting of 4-20 or more short flashes at frequencies of 10-18 per second, delivered every few seconds.3. In captivity a given species usually gives a simpler type of flash than when in flight.4. The flash patterns are highly constant and are characteristic of particular species, though not completely invariant.5. The photometric records show some visual impressions of firefly flash type to be in error, particularly in the detection of flicker.6. The photometric records show that the photogenic control mechanism is capable of inducing peak flash luminosity or of extinguishing the light in periods of the order of 30-60 msec.7. Unexplained high-frequency fluctuations in intensity of glowing are provisionally attributed to uncoordinated firing of photocytes in small groups.8. Data for absolute photon emission are given for six species.
Asymmetric Hydrosilylation (1979)

A catalyst for asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones was prepared from [Rh(COD)Cl]2 and DIOP. The hydrosilylation of acetophenone yields 1-phenylethanol after hydrolysis. The optical yield strongly depends on the nature of the silane RR'SiH2 that was used. Several types of ketones were asymmetrically reduced into chiral alcohols, the highest asymmetric induction being observed from some α-chloro ketones or α-ketoesters. It was remarkable that prochiral benzophenones such as p-OMeC6H4COC6H5 could be reduced with up to 26% e.e. Mechanism of asymmetric hydrosilylation was discussed in relation with some spin trap experiments. Studies were made on supported rhodium—DIOP catalysts. Some rhodium leaching from support was demonstrated by a three-phase test.
Detection of monodisperse aggregates of a recombinant amelogenin by dynamic light scattering (1994)

Recombinant murine amelogenins M179 and M166 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The aggregation properties of these amelogenins have been investigated in aqueous solutions as well as acetonitrile-containing solutions using dynamic light scattering. Dynamic light scattering provides direct measurement of the translational diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic radius, and of an estimate of the molecular weight. Polydispersity and statistical parameters of how to interpret the analysis are also provided. Amelogenin aggregation was examined in solutions of a range of pH, ionic strengths, and protein concentrations. It was shown that at pH 7.8-8 and ionic strength of 0.02-0.05M the M179 molecules form monodispersed aggregates with hydrodynamic radii ranging from 15 to 19 nm. Analysis of hydrodynamic radii and size distribution of M179 aggregates in acetonitrile-containing solvents compared to that in aqueous solutions indicated a primary role for hydrophobic interactions in the association process of amelogenin molecules to form aggregates. Comparison between the aggregates formed by M179 and M166, which lacks the hydrophilic carboxy-terminal 13 residue sequence of M179, suggested that the self-assembly of amelogenin molecules to form stable and monodisperse aggregates requires the presence of the hydrophilic carboxy-terminal sequence of M179.
Reversibility of Ferri-/Ferrocyanide Redox during Operando Soft X-ray Spectroscopy (2015)

The ferri-/ferrocyanide redox couple is ubiquitous in many fields of physical chemistry. We studied its photochemical response to intense synchrotron radiation by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). For photon flux densities equal to and above 2 × 1011 s–1 mm–2, precipitation of ferric (hydr)oxide from both ferricyanide and ferrocyanide solutions was clearly detectable, despite flowing fast enough to replace the solution in the flow cell every 0.4 s (flow rate 1.5 mL/min). During cyclic voltammetry, precipitation of ferric (hydr)oxide was promoted at reducing voltages and observed below 1011 s–1 mm–2. This was accompanied by inhibition of the ferri-/ferrocyanide redox, which we probed by time-resolved operando XAS. Our study highlights the importance of considering both electrochemical and spectroscopic conditions when designing in situ experiments.
Software-based motion JPEG with progressive refinement for computer animation (1994)

We propose a motion JPEG model with progressive refinement for computer animation and describe the design and implementation of an animation playback system. A novel feature of the proposed model is that it decodes fewer DCT coefficients to achieve real-time playback and, when the frame is still, it progressively refines the quality of the image. With the new design and highly optimized code on a workstation, we can achieve 16 fps in the CIF format with 256 colors, and 6.3 fps in true color.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulatory T-cells within bone marrow-derived stem cells actively confer immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects against stroke (2018)

Regulatory T-cells (T<sub>regs</sub>) may exert a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke by inhibiting both inflammation and effector T-cell activation. Transplantation of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in ischemic stroke affords neuroprotection that results in part from the cells' anti-inflammatory property. However, the relationship between T<sub>regs</sub> and BMSCs in treatment of ischemic stroke has not been fully elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that T<sub>regs</sub> within the BMSCs represent active mediators of immunomodulation and neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Primary rat neuronal cells were subjected to an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) condition. The cells were re-perfused and co-cultured with T<sub>regs</sub> and/or BMSCs. We detected a minority population of T<sub>regs</sub> within BMSCs with both immunocytochemistry (ICC) and flow cytometry identifying cells expressing phenotypic markers of CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 protein. BMSCs with the native population of T<sub>regs</sub> conferred maximal neuroprotection compared to the treatment conditions containing 0%, 10%, and 100% relative ratio T<sub>regs</sub>. Increasing the T<sub>reg</sub> population resulted in increased IL6 secretion and decreased FGF-β secretion by BMSCs. This study shows that a minority population of T<sub>regs</sub> exists within the therapeutic BMSC population, which serves as robust mediators of the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effect provided by BMSC transplantation.
Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Flooded Porous Electrodes (1964)

Abstract A one dimensional model is developed to represent flooded porous electrodes in which there is no bulk flow of electrolyte in the pores. The model includes consideration of changes in composition and conductivity of the electrolyte with depth in the pores. Electrode reactions characterized by overpotential expressions of quite arbitrary form can be treated. Analysis is conducted by numerical techniques to furnish descriptions of electrode behavior for both steady state and transient operation. Electrode overpotential, and current and concentration distributions, are predicted as functions of operating conditions. The calculation procedure is implemented with digital computing machinery. Examples based on a metal‐metal oxide anode in basic solution and on a redox electrode in excess inert electrolyte are investigated. General characteristics of porous electrode performance are discussed.
A comparison between 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin and capecitabine/mitomycin in combination with radiation for anal cancer (2016)

In our population-based study, CM and FM concomitant with RT achieved similar DFS and ACSS. Substitution of capecitabine for infusional 5-FU may therefore be a reasonable option for patients and physicians who prefer to avoid the inconvenience and potential complications of a central infusional device.
Clues to the Mechanism of Action of Acetyl-<i>L</i>-Carnitine in the Central Nervous System (1991)

Acetyl-<i>L</i>-carnitine (ALC) shows a variety of different pharmacological properties in the aging brain. Recent findings suggest that the ultimate meaning of ALC actions may be related to its specific enhancement of energy metabolism at the mitochondrial level. ALC is an energy carrier through the mitochondrial membranes, controlling the availability of acetyl-coenzyme A. The facts that ALC acts on the electron transport chain complexes and also reduces lipid peroxidation give new insights into its mechanism of action.
FCS diffusion laws on two-phases lipid membranes : experimental and Monte-carlo simulation determination of domain size (2010)

For more than ten years now, many efforts have been done to identify and characterize nature of obstructed diffusion in model and cellular lipid membranes. Amongst all the techniques developed for this purpose, FCS, by means of determination of FCS diffusion laws, has been shown to be a very efficient approach. In this paper, FCS diffusion laws are used to probe the behavior of a pure lipid and a lipid mixture at temperatures below and above phase transitions, both numerically, using a full thermodynamic model, and experimentally. In both cases FCS diffusion laws exhibit deviation from free diffusion and reveal the existence of domains. The variation of these domains mean size with temperature is in perfect correlation with the enthalpy fluctuation.
Electron Bombardment Ion Source for Low Energy Beams (1968)

A high current, electron bombardment ion source of simple design and suitable for low energy ion beam production is described. The source produces ion beams in the energy range from a few electron volts to several kilo-electron volts with an energy spread of a fraction of 1 eV, with high current density (5 μA/cm2 at 25 eV), and without the problems associated with rf ion sources. The source has been used successfully to produce low energy beams of noble gas ions such as He+ and Ar+ without metastable contamination, as well as for H2+ and N2+.
Development of energy efficient industrial dryers (1998)

The report presents the work conducted to-date on the development of energy efficient dryers. It includes the computer simulation of Integrated Heat Pump System (IHPS) and experimental stduy of heat pump tumbler and vertical clothes dryers.
Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Properties of Monodispersed Macroporous Particles of Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) Prepared by a Multi-Step Swelling and Polymerization Method (1993)

Abstract Monodispersed macroporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) particles in a 5-6 μm size range were prepared by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method with toluene as the porogenic solvent, and their properties were examined. The particles were found to possess relatively broad pore size distributions. HPLC columns packed with the monodispersed particles show good efficiencies and low column pressure drops in a reversed-phase chromatographic mode.
A General and Facile Synthesis of Substituted Furans by Palladium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of (<i>Z</i>)-2-En-4-yn-1-ols. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionA General and Facile Synthesis of Substituted Furans by Palladium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of (Z)-2-En-4-yn-1-ols.Bartolo Gabriele, Giuseppe Salerno, and Egidio LauriaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 2, 634Publication Date (Web):December 29, 1999Publication History Published online29 December 1999Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo994013ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo994013acorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views484Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (9 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coherence-vortex lattice formed via Mie scattering of partially coherent light by several dielectric nanospheres (2011)

We previously demonstrated that Mie scattering of stationary partially coherent light by dielectric spheres generates coherence vortices. In this Letter, we demonstrate that a lattice of coherence vortices can be generated by Mie scattering of partially coherent electromagnetic waves by a system of three coplanar dielectric spheres. Spontaneous coherence-vortex creation and destruction is observed in our computer modeling of this system.