gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low k 1 process optimization for i-line lithography (2000)

The shrinkage of design rule and low-cost production need the extension of i-line lithographic equipments below 0.30micrometers patterning. The various resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) of i-line lithography have been implemented for low k1 process. In this paper, we optimized the optical and material parameters such as the resist thickness, mask type, off-axis illumination (OAI), and bottom anti-reflective coating for line/space patterns below 0.30micrometers design rule. We designed the experimental scheme on the basis of the statistical method and analyzed the result such as resolution, process margin, optical proximity effect, etc. The minimum resolution of 0.22 micrometers was achieved using the above RET methods where the k1 factor was 0.38. The OAI method plays a crucial role for the resolution enhancement. The thin resist process has an advantage for minimization of OPE factor. We also discus the correlation of the optimized parameters and suggest a combination of the RET method for the specific feature type.
Blue laser diode (450 nm) system for welding copper (2018)

This paper will discuss the development of high power blue laser systems for industrial applications. The key development enabling high power blue laser systems is the emergence of high power, high brightness laser diodes at 450 nm. These devices have a high individual brightness rivaling their IR counterparts and they have the potential to exceed their performance and price barriers. They also have a very high To resulting in a 0.04 nm/°C wavelength shift. They have a very stable lateral far-field profile which can be combined with other diodes to achieve a superior brightness. This paper will report on the characteristics of the blue laser diodes, their integration into a modular laser system suitable for scaling the output power to the 1 kW level and beyond. Test results will be presented for welding of copper with power levels ranging from 150 Watts to 600 Watts
Soleus muscle nascent polypeptide chain elongation slows protein synthesis rate during non-weight-bearing activity (1994)

Protein synthesis rate of the soleus muscle decreases rapidly during non-weight-bearing activity. We isolated polysomes from 18-h non-weight-bearing soleus muscle to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. The distribution of polysomal alpha-actin mRNA and 18S rRNA on sucrose density gradients shows that polysomes shift to larger sizes (more ribosomes per mRNA) during non-weight-bearing activity. Furthermore, RNA is mobilized into the polysome pool of the non-weight-bearing soleus muscle; these data indicate that initiation of protein synthesis is not rate limiting. We explain these results as the slowing of nascent polypeptide chain elongation, such that there is a "traffic jam" of ribosomes on the mRNAs, increasing the number of ribosomes per mRNA while, at the same time, decreasing protein synthesis rate. In support of this hypothesis, myoblasts treated with a low dose of cycloheximide (a specific elongation inhibitor) show a similar shift in polysome size. A numerical model of protein synthesis further shows that elongation is more effective than initiation and termination in affecting protein synthesis and polysome size. We conclude that the non-weight-bearing-induced decrease in postural muscle protein synthesis rate is initially caused by slowing of nascent polypeptide chain elongation.
Sturcture et evolution de l'ascocarpe du tuber melansporum vitt, (Truffe noire de perigord) (1984)

La plus jeune truffe recoltee presente deja la structure caracteristique des ascocarpes du genre Tuber avec une glebe constituee de veines fertiles et steriles et une enveloppe formee d'ecailles. Cette structure se precise et se complique au cours de l'evolution de l'ascocarpe. Au stade adulte, les zones fertiles contournees et ramifiees sont bourrees d'asques et les veines steriles, comprimees, tendent a disparaitre
Proactive Detection of Insider Attacks (2007)

Abstract. Insider attacks are a significant threat to IT infrastructures and are difficult to detect. The problem is exacerbated if the attacker explicitly tries to masquerade as a legitimate user and evade detection. In this paper, we describe a novel approach for detecting these attacks, where the intrusion detection system (IDS) proactively influences the user’s perception of the system. The IDS does so by switching among a set of situational contexts and observing the user’s reaction to these changes. This is done in a way that poses no significant problem to legitimate users, but creates difficulties for attackers that have learned the system in specific contexts, and therefore cannot improvise well enough to avoid being detected. We present a framework for a generic proactive IDS that shows promising experimental results, suggesting that this method can indeed be effective in detecting masquerade attacks in a variety of domains. We also present an implementation of this idea in a behavioral biometrics domain, where we show that making the IDS proactive enables detection of masquerades. 1
Alboluxin, a Snake C-type Lectin from Trimeresurus albolabris Venom is a Potent Platelet Agonist acting via GPIb and GPVI (2002)

Alboluxin, a potent platelet activator, was purified from Trimeresurus albolabris venom with a mass of 120 kDa non-reduced and, after reduction, subunits of 17 and 24 kDa. Alboluxin induced a tyrosine phosphorylation profile in platelets that resembles those produced by collagen and convulxin, involving the time dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc receptor gamma chain (Fc gamma), phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2), LAT and p72SYK. Antibodies against both GPIb and GPVI inhibited platelet aggregation induced by alboluxin, whereas antibodies against alpha2beta1 had no effect. Inhibition of alphaIIb beta3 reduced the aggregation response to alboluxin, as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins, showing that activation of alphaIIb beta3 and binding of fibrinogen are involved in alboluxin-induced platelet aggregation and it is not simply agglutination. N-terminal sequence data from the beta-subunit of alboluxin indicates that it belongs to the snake C-type lectin family. The C-type lectin subunits are larger than usual possibly due to post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. Alboluxin is a hexameric (alphabeta)3 snake C-type lectin which activates platelets via both GPIb and GPVI.
BioC interoperability track overview (2014)

BioC is a new simple XML format for sharing biomedical text and annotations and libraries to read and write that format. This promotes the development of interoperable tools for natural language processing (NLP) of biomedical text. The interoperability track at the BioCreative IV workshop featured contributions using or highlighting the BioC format. These contributions included additional implementations of BioC, many new corpora in the format, biomedical NLP tools consuming and producing the format and online services using the format. The ease of use, broad support and rapidly growing number of tools demonstrate the need for and value of the BioC format. Database URL: http://bioc.sourceforge.net/.
Conversion and chromic behavior of cross-polymerized poly(1,8-nonadiyne) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion and chromic behavior of cross-polymerized poly(1,8-nonadiyne)R. J. Butera, J. B. Lando, and B. Simic-GlavaskiCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 7, 1722–1724Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00173a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (411 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Critical currents in proton irradiated YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7-. delta. crystals (1991)

A large enhancement in the critical current of YBaCuO crystals in magnetic field is observed after irradiation with 3 MeV protons. Critical current densities with values up to 2 {times} 10{sup 5} A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K and 1 T are observed. TEM studies show the presence of isolated clusters of defects after irradiation; however, an analysis of the critical current scaling indicates that these clusters are not the dominant pinning sites. The dose dependence of the current density suggests that the pinning is dominated by the randomly distributed point defects generated by the protons and can be described by a collective pinning model in the amorphous limit. 24 refs., 7 figs.
Quantifying the potential for bursting bubbles to damage suspended cells (2017)

Bubbles that rise to the surface of a cell suspension can damage cells when they pop. This phenomenon is particularly problematic in the biotechnology industry, as production scale bioreactors require continuous injection of oxygen bubbles to maintain cell growth. Previous studies have linked cell damage to high energy dissipation rates (EDR) and have predicted that for small bubbles the EDR could exceed values that would kill many cells used in bioreactors, including Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. However, it's unclear how many cells would be damaged by a particular bursting bubble, or more precisely how much volume around the bubble experiences these large energy dissipation rates. Here we quantify these volumes using numerical simulations and demonstrate that even though the volume exceeding a particular EDR increases with bubble size, on a volume-to-volume basis smaller bubbles have a more significant impact. We validate our model with high-speed experiments and present our results in a non-dimensionalized framework, enabling predictions for a variety of liquids and bubble sizes. The results are not restricted to bubbles in bioreactors and may be relevant to a variety of applications ranging from fermentation processes to characterizing the stress levels experienced by microorganisms within the sea surface microlayer.
Methods in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Research (1992)

One of the ways to make consistent progress in a particular field of biology consists in choosing a good model system on which to focus the experimental efforts of the scientific community. It has taken a long time for scientists interested in various aspects of the life of plants to reach some sort of consensus. With the advent and impact of molecular biology, the small weed Arabidopsis is now the object of rapidly growing scientific attention. Since it is reasonable to assume that the general molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the physiological, cellular and biochemical properties of plants will be essentially conserved in all plants, it follows that these mechanisms should also operate in Arabidopsis and hence that its genome should contain most of the genes that we need to know about if we want to understand the genetic determination of the life processes in plants.Arabidopsis has a small genome and well documented genetic studies are available. It is easy to grow in large numbers and mutants defining important genetically controlled mechanisms are either available, or can readily be obtained. Various methods to introduce and express isolated homologous or heterologous genes are available. It is therefore realistic and desirable to aim at exploring the genome of this plant in very great detail. As will be illustrated in this book all the elements for such a grand strategy are in place.More and more scientists are therefore willing to accept the obvious and very real practical disadvantages resulting from its small size when experiments call for the isolation of proteins, membranes, subcellular fractions etc, in order to benefit from its extraordinary experimental advantages as a model system in molecular genetics. One can safely predict that in the next decade studies with Arabidopsis will provide major breakthroughs in our understanding of most aspects of plant physiology and developmental biology. The importance of this knowledge for plant breeding and therefore for a sustainable highly productive agriculture cannot be overestimated. We therefore expect that this book will provide valuable guidelines to all those who are planning experiments aimed at understanding various aspects of plant growth, productivity and interactions with the environment. The book offers a wealth of methodical and theoretical information as well as valuable references. It should be of use to students, teachers, as well as advanced researchers and those breeders who want to use molecular techniques in breeding.
Synthesis of 1-Benzyloxindole Derivatives for the Study of Phenolic Oxidative Coupling (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CCCXLVII) (1970)

At first the synthetic method of 6-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxindole (IIIa) was investigated as a precursor for Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Secondly phenolic oxidative coupling of IIIa with ferric chloride or potassium ferricyanide under a variety of conditions, but failed.
Generalized Stokes parameters-shift keying: a new perspective on optimal detection over electrical and optical vector incoherent channels (2006)

We consider block transmission over the incoherent channel, whereby several symbols either launched consecutively in time, or in parallel over several diversity paths, are equally affected by common isotropic phase and additively corrupted by circularly Gaussian additive noise. Our novel approach toward transmission over such a vector incoherent channel (VIC) model is based on coherency matrix and generalized Stokes parameters (GSP) descriptions of optimal detection inspired by classical optical polarization theory, but further extended to the dual context of generic electrical, as well as optical, communication. The four classical real-valued parameters introduced into optics by Stokes in 1853 to characterize the state of polarization of an optical beam, extended to D/sup 2/ GSP, underlie our new alternative novel description of maximum a posteriori/maximum-likelihood (MAP/ML) optimal detection over the VIC channel. The modulation formats of polarization-shift keying (POLSK), differential phase-shift keying, and amplitude-shift keying, as well as recent and novel combinations thereof, will all be seen to be equivalent to a new conceptual form of modulation called GSP-shift keying. Several forms of the optimal MAP/ML receiver for vector multienergy transmission are developed, generalizing the classical scalar incoherent receiver and the known POLSK receivers.
HCW Keynote Address Holistic Design of Multi-Core Architectures (2007)

Summary form only given. Several forces are driving the market to put multiple execution cores on a single processor chip. But we cannot view (or design) those cores (and the connections between them) in the same way we did when we lived in a uniprocessor world. Previously, we expected each core to provide good performance on virtually any application, with energy efficiency, and without error or failure. Now that the level of interface with the user and the system is a multi-core chip, those requirements need only be met at the chip level - no single core need meet them. This provides the opportunity to think about processor architecture in whole new ways. This talk describes holistic design of a multi-core architecture - designing cores, caches, interconnect so that the chip as a whole provides maximum performance, high energy efficiency, and high performance per area. We discuss, in particular, on-chip heterogeneous multiprocessing and conjoined core architectures.
Experimental study of an optimised Pyramid wave-front sensor for Extremely Large Telescopes (2016)

Over the last few years the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM) has been heavily involved in R&D for adaptive optics systems dedicated to future large telescopes, particularly in preparation for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). Within this framework an investigation into a Pyramid wave-front sensor is underway. The Pyramid sensor is at the cutting edge of high order, high precision wave-front sensing for ground based telescopes. Investigations have demonstrated the ability to achieve a greater sensitivity than the standard Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor whilst the implementation of a Pyramid sensor on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) has provided compelling operational results.<sup>1, 2</sup> The Pyramid now forms part of the baseline for several next generation Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). As such its behaviour under realistic operating conditions must be further understood in order to optimise performance. At LAM a detailed investigation into the performance of the Pyramid aims to fully characterise the behaviour of this wave-front sensor in terms of linearity, sensitivity and operation. We have implemented a Pyramid sensor using a high speed OCAM<sup>2</sup> camera (with close to 0 readout noise and a frame rate of 1.5kHz) in order to study the performance of the Pyramid within a full closed loop adaptive optics system. This investigation involves tests on all fronts, from theoretical models and numerical simulations to experimental tests under controlled laboratory conditions, with an aim to fully understand the Pyramid sensor in both modulated and non-modulated configurations. We include results demonstrating the linearity of the Pyramid signals, compare measured interaction matrices with those derived in simulation and evaluate the performance in closed loop operation. The final goal is to provide an on sky comparison between the Pyramid and a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor, at Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (ONERA-ODISSEE bench). Here we present the adaptive optics setup at LAM and latest experimental and modelling results. The loop is closed on different static wave-front errors: the initial shape of the deformable mirror (DM) and a turbulent-like shape projected onto the DM. The results demonstrate a Pyramid closed loop performance of 7–8nm rms wave-front error compared to a reference at surface.
Thermal expansion and equation for state of KCN of different isotopic composition (1998)

Thermal expansion and the equation of state of isotopically different samples of KCN were measured in the temperature range 175–300 K and at pressures up to 2 GPa by the neutron powder diffraction technique. No evidence of the influence of isotopic composition on the thermal expansion or the compression isotherms was found.
Film Thickness, Friction, and Scuffing Failure of Rib/Roller End Contacts in Cylindrical Roller Bearings (1992)

The lubrication performance of rib/roller end contacts of cylindrical roller bearings was studied both theoretically and experimentally for end-crowned rollers and inclined ribs. A partial EHL program was used to calculate the film thickness and the friction in the rib/roller end contact. Calculated minimum film thickness shows a strong load dependence although the central film thickness is still a weak function of the load. The influence of the contact position on the film thickness was also investigated for roller skewness and design tolerance. It was found that the contact location affects the minimum film thickness strongly in spite of a weak influence on the central film thickness. Friction and scuffing experiments were conducted on a special rig, which can achieve arbitrary slide/roll ratio to simulate the rib/roller end contacts. Good agreements were found between measured and calculated friction based on the assumption that the lubricant was Newtonian. In scuffing experiments, scuffing propagation was observed on the rib contact surface. The critical load for scuffing is strongly correlated with the sliding velocity. The critical load at high speeds is lower than that at low speeds although the friction at high speeds is lower. These data imply the importance of the contact location and the wear process for film breakdown.
654. The reactions of diboron tetrachloride with some nitrogen-containing donor molecules (1961)

A. K. Holliday, F. J. Marsden and A. G. Massey, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 3348 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610003348
Case study of the vertical integration and quality management of fresh vegetable production (2002)

In Hungary, integrating organizations were set up in the field of horticulture. They are playing a rolein concentrating production, processing and marketing products. By their size, they are capable offollowing changes in customers demands and coping with factors influencing value judgement( market requirements).<br><br>ARPAD Agricultural Share Company has a decisive role employing gardeners from Szentes andenvirons, in shaping the levels of their income and ultimately in marketing. From this network of relations it becomes obvious that the share company controls a well-organized supplying chain,which, stepping out of their own region is growing to considerable size through national andmultinational chain stores. Nowadays the company is linked with almost 3 000 subcontractors, whoare producing green pepper in heated and unheated greenhouses (plastic covered).<br><br>Through bed plant production initiated by the company, uniform variety policy has been achieved,which results in higher and higher quality products on the market. As a result of co-ordinatedproduction, they can offer their plants to their partners throughout the year and in the first-fruitsseason their role is decisive on the market.<br><br>To make this work, the system should have fixed rules a kind of frame, which is provided byHACCP and ISO 9000 quality assurance system. Determining the critical points not only inproduction but in storing and transportation as well is typical of producing fresh foodstuff. Similarly,identification and tracing, furthermore programming transport are also criteria to be ensured. Thesystem is linked with EFQM ( European Foundation for Quality Management) through utilizing Topquality model, of which, self- estimation is one of the most important parts.<br><br>Our paper is trying to make you familiar with the internal and external system of supplying link andwould also like to show how Quality Assurance works.