gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization and functional analysis of CHIP28k water channels in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1993)

CHIP28 is a major water transporting protein in erythrocytes and plasma membranes in kidney proximal tubule and thin descending limb of Henle. Chinese hamster ovary cells were stably transfected with the coding sequence of cloned rat kidney CHIP28k using expression vectors containing cytomegalovirus or Rous sarcoma virus promoters. Clonal cell populations expressed a 1.3-kilobase mRNA on Northern blot probed by CHIP28k cDNA and a 28-kDa protein on immunoblot probed by a polyclonal CHIP28 antibody. The clone with greatest expression produced approximately 8 x 10(6) copies of CHIP28k protein/cell. Plasma membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf), measured by stopped-flow light scattering, was 0.004 cm/s in control (vector-transfected) cells (10 degrees C) and 0.014 cm/s in the CHIP28k-transfected cells. Pf in CHIP28k-transfected cells had an activation energy of 4.9 kcal/mol and was reversibly inhibited by HgCl2. CHIP28k expression did not affect the transport of protons and the small polar non-electrolytes urea and formamide. CHIP28k immunoreactivity and function was then determined in subcellular fractions. Pf in 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled endocytic vesicles, measured by a stopped-flow fluorescence quenching assay, was 0.002 cm/s (control cells) and 0.011 cm/s (CHIP28k-transfected cells); Pf in transfected cells was inhibited by HgCl2. Immunoblotting of fractionated endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and plasma membranes revealed high densities of CHIP28k (approximately 5000 monomers/microns 2 in plasma membrane) with different glycosylation patterns; functional water transport activity was present only in Golgi and plasma membrane vesicles. Antibody detection of CHIP28k by confocal fluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy revealed localization to plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. These studies establish a stably transfected somatic cell line that strongly expresses functional CHIP28k water channels. As in the original proximal tubule cells, the expressed CHIP28k protein is a selective water channel that is functional in endocytic vesicles and the cell plasma membrane.
A PIN1 Family Gene, OsPIN1, involved in Auxin-dependent Adventitious Root Emergence and Tillering in Rice (2005)

Auxin transport affects a variety of important growth and developmental processes in plants, including the regulation of shoot and root branching. The asymmetrical localization of auxin influx and efflux carriers within the plasma membrane establishes the auxin gradient and facilitates its transport. REH1, a rice EIR1 (Arabidopsis ethylene insensitive root 1)-like gene, is a putative auxin efflux carrier. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 members of the PIN family, taken from across different species, showed that in terms of evolutionary relationship, OsPIN1 is closer to the PIN1 family than to the PIN2 family. It is, therefore, renamed as OsPIN1 in this study. OsPIN1 was expressed in the vascular tissues and root primordial in a manner similar to AtPIN1. Adventitious root emergence and development were significantly inhibited in the OsPIN1 RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants, which was similar to the phenotype of NPA (N-1-naphthylphalamic acid, an auxin-transport inhibitor)-treated wild-type plants. alpha-naphthylacetic acid (alpha-NAA) treatment was able to rescue the mutated phenotypes occurring in the RNAi plants. Overexpression or suppression of the OsPIN1 expression through a transgenic approach resulted in changes of tiller numbers and shoot/root ratio. Taken together, these data suggest that OsPIN1 plays an important role in auxin-dependent adventitious root emergence and tillering.
Hypoxic stress-induced convulsion and death: protective effect of alpha 2-adrenoceptor and benzodiazepine receptor agonists and Ro 5-4864. (1988)

Various alpha 2-agonists such as clonidine, guanfacine, B-HT 920 and ICI 106270 were investigated for their effect in hypoxic stress in rats and mice. Pretreatment with alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists exhibited a yohimbine sensitive antistress effect as they prolonged the latencies for convulsion and death due to hypoxia. Intracerebroventricular administration of clonidine and ICI 106270 also shared the protective effect, indicating the involvement of central alpha 2-adrenoceptors. However, their protective effect, though comparable to diazepam and CL 218872, was more pronounced. The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor agonist, Ro 5-4864, also had a marked antihypoxic stress effect.
Natural killer cells are a source of interferon gamma that drives differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and induces early resistance to Leishmania major in mice. (1993)

Infection of mice with the protozoan Leishmania major provides an excellent model to define the factors involved in T helper (Th) subset development, since Th1 cells confer protection in resistant strains of mice, whereas Th2 cells are associated with the fatal outcome of susceptible mice. We previously found that interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was required for Th1 cell development after infection of mice with L. major. In this report, we evaluate the contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to IFN-gamma levels early in L. major infection. NK cell activity was higher in resistant C3H/HeN mice than in susceptible BALB/c mice during the first week of infection, and removal of NK cells significantly decreased IFN-gamma levels and promoted interleukin 4 (IL-4) production in both the draining lymph nodes and spleen. IFN-gamma production by NK cells required the presence of CD4+ T cells or IL-2, but not CD8+ T cells. Enhanced disease, as measured by parasite numbers and lesion development, was observed in NK cell-depleted mice. Furthermore, a comparison of the NK cell response and the subsequent parasite burden in several inbred strains of mice demonstrated that NK cells mediate early resistance to L. major. Together, these data indicate that the stimulation of NK cells, through the production of IFN-gamma, plays an important role in initiating Th1 cell differentiation in leishmaniasis and in controlling early resistance to L. major.
<scp>D</scp> ouglas, <scp>M</scp> ary (1921–2007) (2018)

Mary Douglas was one of the most important anthropologists of the twentieth century. Her studies of bodily symbolism, pollution beliefs, ritual, ideas about nature, the politics of risk, and the Bible were broadly influential. Looking back on her many contributions, she claimed that her principle interest all along was to articulate an anthropological theory of the social basis of thought. She remained committed to the sociology of Émile Durkheim, believing that people discern an order in nature that both reflects and reproduces the institutions and values of their social worlds.
Excision wounds in palatal epithelium in guinea pigs (1972)

abstract – Standardized excision wounds were made in the palatal mucosa of 112 adult, male guinea pigs in order to study the reaction to injury of orthokeratinized epithelium. The wound area was studied histologically 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h postoperatively. Four and 6 h after wounding, a triangular eosinophilic «reactive zone» was found in the stratum granulosum and the upper half of stratum spinosum along the wound margins. This cellular reaction was interpreted as an «induced keratinization». After 12 h the reactive zone was delineated from the adjacent, normal epithelial cells by 2–4 rows of hyperchromatic, flattened cells – the demarcation zone. In the reactive zone a hypertrophic cell reaction was observed. The initial epithelial cell migration started from the lowest cell layers in the stratum spinosum and stratum basale 12 h postoperatively. The migrating epithelium moved out fan‐shaped into the fibrin network under accumulations of granulocytes. The migrating cells showed few intercellular bridges, few tonofibril bundles, but many cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles. Both migrating cells and stratum spinosum cells along the wound margins exhibited erythro‐phagocytosis. After 24 h and onwards the apices of the epithelial ridges along the wound margins turned away from the wound area indicating a sliding of the epithelial mass. Seventy‐two hours postoperatively distinct changes were found in the stratum corneum up to 800–1000 microns from the wound. To the same extent stratum granulosum was replaced by a 10–12 cell layer wide demarcation zone. Ninety‐six and 120 h postoperatively the migrating epithelial lips had fused. The epithelium in the wound area showed no differentiated stratification. The superficial cell layers consisted of remains of the reactive and demarcation zones which contained numerous granulocytes. No PAS‐positive basement membrane was re‐forrned within the period studied. From the basal cell layers downward multifocal cell migration was observed. At no stage of healing was glycogen demonstrated in the epithelium.
Critical light reflection at a plastic/glass interface and its application to foot pressure measurements (1980)

The necessary properties of plastic materials for use in a method of foot pressure distribution measurements have been assessed, and the mechanisms in operation at an illuminated plastic to glass interface underload have been investigated. A hypothesis is given of the physical principles upon which the operation of this technique is based and it is shown that a calibrated analysis of both the static and dynamic distribution of pressure under the foot is possible by this technique.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional sonographic assessment of the fetal face. 1. A systematic analysis of the normal face (2004)

At routine screening using two-dimensional sonography, at least two selected views must be imaged: the mid-sagittal plane (search for facial dysmorphology) and the anterior 'nose-mouth' coronal plane (search for disruption in lip continuity or deformation of the narinal bend). Precise analysis of fetal facial anomalies requires visualization and thorough step-by-step analysis in the three planes. The difference between routine screening and precise facial features' analysis has been greatly decreased since 3D and 4D sonography have become readily available. Using this modality, after surface analysis of the fetal face, the three reference planes are simultaneously imaged, using the multiplanar modality, and detailed. 3D/4D ultrasound imaging allows easier, more rapid screening and more precise evaluation of the different facial features.
A parallelizing translator for object-oriented large-grain data flow model (2002)

The paper introduces object-oriented large-grain data flow model and a parallelizing translator for the model. We design an efficient program partitioning algorithm based on objects for distributed system. Program restructuring according to the parallel model is automatically implemented by the translator.
Rerouting of Host Lipids by Bacteria: Are You CERTain You Need a Vesicle? (2011)

International audience
Changes in membrane lipids and amino acid transport in a nystatin-resistant <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1990)

A nystatin-resistant mutant of Aspergillus niger is described that has quantitative changes in phospholipid composition compared with the wild type. The proportion of linoleic acid in total phospholipids was elevated in the mutant from 38 to 56% and the proportion of oleic acid was lowered from 28 to 12%. Amino acid transport is also altered, the Vmax values for the uptake of leucine, lysine, and glutamic acid being generally higher in the mutant; for glutamic acid the increase was from 15 to 35 nmol.mg-1.min-1.
Sobre la garantía de los derechos sociales de los inmigrantes (2001)

Flavonoids, including flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, chalcones, and isoflavans, have long been recognized as the main active ingredients in licorice. A method combining liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed to characterize components in three Glycyrrhiza species, and to expound the characteristic fragmentation behaviors in the positive ion mode. Based on the fragmentation patterns of reference compounds, a total of 39 compounds, including 37 flavonoid aglycones and two coumestans, were identified or tentatively identified. Besides, some common features, such as H2 O, CO, and CH2 O2 losses, together with retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation, were observed in these compounds. Furthermore, diagnostic fragmentations of C-ring cleavages and UV absorption on the skeleton groups were observed to structurally characterize flavonoid aglycones. In addition, typical losses of different substituent groups were detected: Neutral losses of 56 (C4 H8 ) and 68 Da (C5 H8 ) were yielded from a prenyl chain; neutral losses of 42 (C3 H6 ), 54 (C4 H6 ), and 70 Da (C4 H6 O) were generated by a pyran ring. Particularly, neutral losses of 18 (H2 O), 16 (CH4 ), 112 (C8 H16 ), and 98 Da (C7 H14 ) predicted a hydroxyl, a methoxyl, double prenyl chains, and a prenyl chain with a pyran ring, respectively.
New Flavonoid Glycosides from Elsholtzia rugulosa Hemsl. (2009)

Elsholtzia rugulosa Hemsl. is known in China as a local herbal tea, medicinal herb and honey plant. Chemical examination of E. rugulosa led to the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, apigenin 4'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-5'-C-prenylflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with nine known flavonoids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
The Preparation and Clinical Use of a New Concentrate Containing Factor IX, Prothrombin and Factor X and of a Separate Concentrate Containing Factor VII (1972)

S ummary A method of preparation for therapeutic use of a concentrate of factors IX, II and X and a separate concentrate of factor VII is described. The method is based upon adsorption of the factors on DEAE‐cellulose from plasma or from the supernatant after removal of factor VIII. Conditions of elution are selected so that, in a single step, the factors are obtained at a suitable salt concentration and potency to permit injection of a therapeutic dose by syringe. The yield of factor IX in vitro is about 50–75% and the purification about 300‐fold. The yield of factor VII is lower and variable. Experience in the use of 14 batches of factor‐IX concentrate in the treatment of 29 patients and on the use of a batch of factor‐VII concentrate in the treatment of one patient is described. The in vivo dose response to factor IX made by different methods is compared.
Knockdown of ISOC1 suppresses cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer in vitro (2019)

Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is frequently associated with mortality at the time of diagnosis due to rapid metastasis, which makes it unsuitable for operative surgery, and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Isochorismatase domain‑containing protein 1 (ISOC1) has putative isochorismatase activity, and is positively regulated by estrogen in human breast cancer. However, its role in pancreatic cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. Analysis from datasets downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‑Tissue Expression databases indicated that the ISOC1 mRNA expression level was increased in pancreatic cancer tissues, compared with normal pancreatic tissues. In the present study, it was determined that the human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW 1990, PANC‑1 and AsPC‑1 had increased expression levels of ISOC1 mRNA, compared with human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Additionally, two of the pancreatic cancer cell lines, SW 1990 and PANC‑1, transfected with lentivirus‑delivered short hairpin RNA, to knockdown the expression of ISOC1, were established. Cell counting and MTT assays indicated that knockdown of ISOC1 decreased the ability of cell growth and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, Annexin V staining and caspase‑3/7 activity assays demonstrated that inhibition of ISOC1 promoted cell apoptosis via elevation of the expression of caspase‑3/7. Furthermore, inhibition of ISOC1 impaired the cell migration and invasive capability of the cells. In conclusion, ISOC1 exerts a role in pancreatic cancer cell growth and apoptosis, and may have a role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Pneumocystis carinii (1986)

Hybridoma-producing monoclonal antibodies against Pneumocystis carinii were produced by the fusion of nonsecreting mouse myeloma cells (P3X63-Ag8.653) with splenocytes from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with partially purified preparations of P. carinii. Of 227 hybridoma clones producing antibodies against P. carinii, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 12 monoclonal antibodies showing the highest reactivity in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were further characterized. The majority (11 of 12) of the monoclonal antibodies did not cross-react with Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, or Mycobacterium avium as determined by absorption experiments. By using the indirect immunofluorescence assay, serological reactivity was shown for these antibodies with titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:10,240. By using a competitive binding assay, these 12 monoclonal antibodies could be divided into seven groups, each group reacting with a different antigenic determinant of P. carinii. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of P. carinii, followed by Western immunoblot analysis, allowed the identification of one major antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 110,000 by all 12 monoclonal antibodies. Other minor bands with molecular weights of approximately 116,000, 90,000, 55,000, and 35,000 were recognized by several of the monoclonal antibodies.
Directly-fired gas turbine (1978)

A project of the Department of Energy's Division of Power Systems seeks to develop and demonstrate the technology of a reliable advanced liquid fuel gas turbine for industrial cogeneration and utility applications in the early 1980s. The project will focus on the development of gas turbine combustors for environmentally acceptable operation burning heavy petroleum and liquid coal-derived fuels with high concentrations of fuel-bound nitrogen.
Graph-based malware distributors detection (2013)

Search engines are currently facing a problem of websites that distribute malware. In this paper we present a novel efficient algorithm that learns to detect such kind of spam. We have used a bipartite graph with two types of nodes, each representing a layer in the graph: web-sites and file hostings (FH), connected with edges representing the fact that a file can be downloaded from the hosting via a link on the web-site. The performance of this spam detection method was verified using two set of ground truth labels: manual assessments of antivirus analysts and automatically generated assessments obtained from antivirus companies. We demonstrate that the proposed method is able to detect new types of malware even before the best known antivirus solutions are able to detect them.
Preferentially etched diffraction gratings in silicon (1975)

Here, we describe the fabrication of diffraction gratings in the {100} surfaces of silicon by preferential etching. The gratings thus made have grooves with well-defined geometric shape and bounded by nearly perfect reflecting walls. Meanwhile, the importance of utilizing this technique in integrated optics is also discussed.
Kalman Filter-Based Architectures for Interference Excision (1991)

This report presents a novel Kalman filtering approach to the suppression of narrowband interference from direct sequence spread spectrum communications systems. The algorithm is based on the digital phase-locked loop Kalman filter. Because the interference is assumed to be much stronger than either the signal or noise, the Kalman filter locks onto a function related to the interference. The net result is an estimate of the phase of the interference and its amplitude. The algorithm is characterized through computer simulation for the case of narrowband Gaussian noise interference. Examples of the phase- and envelope-tracking capabilities of the algorithm are presented, followed by bit error rate curves for interference bandwidths ranging from 0.5% to 5.0% of the chip rate of the spread spectrum signal. The report concludes with three adaptive architectures. -The first is suitable for constant envelope interference; the second is a more general structure; and the third incorporate a decision-feedback structure accompanied with a training sequence.
The intrinsically disordered C-terminal region of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> TCP8 transcription factor acts both as a transactivation and self-assembly domain (2013)

TCPs are plant specific transcription factors with non-canonical basic helix-loop-helix domains. While Arabidopsis thaliana has 24 TCPs involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, their mode of action has not been fully elucidated. Using bioinformatic tools, we demonstrate that TCP transcription factors belong to the intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) family and that disorder is higher in class I TCPs than in class II TCPs. In particular, using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we have characterized TCP8, a class I TCP. TCP8 exhibits three intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) made of more than 50 consecutive residues, in which phosphorylable Ser residues are mainly clustered. Phosphorylation of Ser-211 that belongs to the central IDR was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Yeast two-hybrid assays also showed that the C-terminal IDR corresponds to a transactivation domain. Moreover, biochemical experiments demonstrated that TCP8 tends to oligomerize in dimers, trimers and higher-order multimers. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments carried out on a truncated form of TCP8 lacking the C-terminal IDR indicated that it is effectively required for the pronounced self-assembly of TCP8. These data were reinforced by the prediction of a coiled coil domain in this IDR. The C-terminal IDR acts thus as an oligomerization domain and also a transactivation domain. Moreover, many Molecular Recognition Features (MoRFs) were predicted, indicating that TCP8 could interact with several partners to fulfill a fine regulation of transcription in response to various stimuli.
A Comparison of Distributed Machine Learning Platforms (2017)

The proliferation of big data and big computing boosted the adoption of machine learning across many application domains. Several distributed machine learning platforms emerged recently. We investigate the architectural design of these distributed machine learning platforms, as the design decisions inevitably affect the performance, scalability, and availability of those platforms. We study Spark as a representative dataflow system, PMLS as a parameter- server system, and TensorFlow and MXNet as examples of more advanced dataflow systems. We take a distributed systems perspective, and analyze the communication and control bottlenecks for these approaches. We also consider fault-tolerance and ease-of-development in these platforms. In order to provide a quantitative evaluation, we evaluate the performance of these three systems with basic machine learning tasks: logistic regression, and an image classification example on the MNIST dataset.
Map of the Human Genome 3.0 (2001)

Like a traveler picking up a new language, geneticists are starting to recognize phrases and sentences as they read the babble of bases in the human genome. These grammatical constructs are discrete blocks of DNA that differ from one person to the next. And they may be common enough and account for enough of the genome, researchers concluded at a conference* held here last week, that it's time to create a new map of the genome, one that describes its blocky structure.