gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel-Plate MEMS Variable Capacitor With Superior Linearity and Large Tuning Ratio Using a Levering Structure (2011)

An innovative and simple method is proposed to achieve ultralinear behavior in a capacitance-versus-voltage response and to obtain a large capacitance tuning ratio in a parallel-plate microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) variable capacitor by moving the plate to an increasing-gap direction. By adopting a levering structure, the common closing-gap motion of the electrostatic actuator was transformed into an increasing-gap movement in order to decrease the capacitance as the actuation voltage was increased. By balancing out the rate that the plate moves up as the actuation voltage increased and the rate that the capacitance decreases as the plate moves up, high linearity was achieved. The proposed MEMS variable capacitor, which was fabricated via metal surface micromachining, showed an excellent linearity factor (LF) of 99.5% in the C-V response, and a capacitance tuning ratio of 134% was achieved in the actual usage range (10-45 V) at a low frequency. When it was operated at 1 GHz, the proposed device demonstrated an LF of 99.5% and a capacitance tuning ratio of 125%.
SO2− and sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinate initiated addition of perfluoroalkyl iodide to olefin (1988)

The sulfinatodeiodination reagent Ce4+ −NaHSO3 was shown to be able to initiate the addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to olefins at 50—70°C to give the corresponding adducts in good yield. Similarly, SO2− generated from Fe3+−NaHSO3 system can also initiate the same addition although the reagent is not able to cause sulfinatodeiodination. Furthermore it was shown that sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinate is able to initiate the same addition and there is no exchange between the perfluoroalkyl groups of R'FSO2Na and RFI.
Degradation of porous poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactic‐<i>co</i>‐glycolic acid) films based on water diffusion (2006)

Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) has been extensively used as a controlled release carrier for drug delivery due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. Effects of dense and porous film's degradation behavior have been systematically investigated up to 17 weeks in Hank's Simulated Body Fluid at 37 degrees C. The degradation of the films was studied by measuring changes in weight, molecular weight and its distribution, morphology, composition etc.. A special thing was that the differences in water diffusion in dense and porous structure films caused the different degradation behavior. According to the characteristic changes of various properties of films, the degradation process is suggested to be roughly divided into four stages, tentatively named as water absorption stage, dramatic loss of molecular weight or micro-pores formed stage, loss of weight or enlarged-pores formed stage, pores diminished or pores collapse stage.
Electric vehicle wireless charging technology: a state-of-the-art review of magnetic coupling systems (2014)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular due to concerns about the environment and rising gasoline prices. However, the charging infrastructure is lacking, and most people can only charge their EVs at home if they remember to plug in their cars. Using the principles of magnetic inductance and magnetic resonance, wireless charging (WC) could help significantly with these infrastructure problems by making charging secure and convenient. WC systems also have the potential to provide dynamic charging, making long road trips with EVs feasible and eliminating range anxiety. In this paper, we review the companies available in the literature that have developed electric vehicle wireless charging systems, automobile manufacturers interested in such technology, and research from universities and laboratories on the topic. While the field is still very young, there are many promising technologies available today. Some systems have already been in use for years, recharging public transit buses at bus stops. Safety and regulations are also discussed.
Genetic polymorphisms of Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in a French Caucasian population (2010)

In humans, the glycine N-acyltransferase enzyme (GLYAT) is thought to be important in the detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds which contain a carboxylic acid group, such as benzoic, isovaleric, or acetylsalicylic acids. The aim of this work was to report a comprehensive investigation of GLYAT genetic polymorphisms in DNA samples from 55 subjects of French Caucasian origin, using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing strategies. Seven different polymorphisms of the GLYAT gene were identified, including two polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of the gene (g.-8457C>T and g.-8010A>G), two polymorphisms in intron 5 (g.13931A>G and g.13944C>T) and three missense mutations in exon 2 (g.49T>A; p.Ser17Thr), exon 5 (g.13886A>G; p.Asn156Ser) and exon 6 (g.14435C>T; p.Arg199Cys). In addition to the wild-type allele GLYAT*1 (2.7%), four novel alleles were identified: GLYAT*2A (75.5%), *2B (4.5%), *3 (16.4%) and *4 (0.9%), and five different genotypes. Localisation of the p.Ser17Thr and p.Arg199Cys missense mutations in predicted secondary structures suggest that these variants might have a potential role on the GLYAT protein activity. These results could be helpful in investigating the potential association of GLYAT variants with an incidence of reduced efficiency in xenobiotic carboxylic acids detoxification in humans.
Syndiotactic Polyallyltrimethylsilane-Based Stereoregular Diblock Copolymers: Syntheses and Self-Assembled Nanostructures (2012)

Structurally well-defined stereoregular diblock copolymers composed of syndiotactic polyallyltrimethylsilane (sPATMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared by using an α-bromoester-terminated sPATMS macroinitiator, which was chain extended by MMA using a cuprous halide-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) system. The α-bromoester-terminated sPATMS macroinitiator was prepared via the esterfication of hydroxyl-capped sPATMS with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The hydroxyl-capped sPATMS was generated via a selective chain transfer reaction to triethylaluminum (TEA) during the syndiospecific polymerization of allyltrimethylsilane (ATMS) conducted in the presence of syndiospecific ansa-metallocene catalysts. The proposed synthetic route not only offers the high-yield production of stereoregular sPATMS-b-PMMA but also provides the linking of the stereoregular block (sPATMS) with PMMA through a controlled/living radical polymerization process. Moreover, the proposed method offers effective control over the block chain length, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) and the stereoregularity of sPATMS block. Thus, the self-assembly of the resultant diblock copolymers produces well-ordered nanostructures from microphase separation, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering results.
A PI-fuzzy logic controller for the regulation of blood glucose level in diabetic patients (2006)

This manuscript investigates different fuzzy logic controllers for the regulation of blood glucose level in diabetic patients. While fuzzy logic control is still intuitive and at a very early stage, it has already been implemented in many industrial plants and reported results are very promising. A fuzzy logic control (FLC) scheme was recently proposed for maintaining blood glucose level in diabetics within acceptable limits, and was shown to be more effective with better transient characteristics than conventional techniques. In fact, FLC is based on human expertise and on desired output characteristics, and hence does not require precise mathematical models. This observation makes fuzzy rule-based technique very suitable for biomedical systems where models are, in general, either very complicated or over-simplistic. Another attractive feature of fuzzy techniques is their insensitivity to system parameter variations, as numerical values of physiological parameters are often not precise and usually vary from patient to another. PI and PID controllers are very popular and are efficiently used in many industrial plants. Fuzzy PI and PID controllers behave in a similar fashion to those classical controllers with the obvious advantage that the controller parameters are time dependant on the range of the control variables and consequently, result in a better performance. In this manuscript, a fuzzy PI controller is designed using a simplified design scheme and then subjected to simulations of the two common diabetes disturbances--sudden glucose meal and system parameter variations. The performance of the proposed fuzzy PI controller is compared to that of the conventional PID and optimal techniques and is shown to be superior. Moreover, the proposed fuzzy PI controller is shown to be more effective than the previously proposed FLC, especially with respect to the overshoot and settling time.
METHODS OF CONTROLLING STARLINGS AND BLACKBIRDS (1962)

Damage by starlings and blackbirds is becoming more serious and widespread. Various control measures are being used, but a satisfactory answer to many bird problems is still to be found. Frightening devices (firearms, rope firecrackers, gas exploders, distress calls, electric perches, airplanes, etc.) are useful in many situations but lose their effectiveness as birds become familiar with the frightening principle. Effective reduction in bird numbers is difficult to achieve because of the inaccessibility of the birds, the costs, and the dangers involved. Efforts at using cage traps, light traps, and elevator traps are described, as is use of poisoned baits and roost control techniques. Until more is known about the habits and movements of blackbirds and starlings, or until new or improved techniques are evolved, it is hard to see how present difficulties are to be quickly overcome; in the meantime, perseverance with the measures that can be used conveniently and safely seems to be the most logical course. It must be emphasized that a combination of two or more methods increases the efficiency of each. Strong publicly supported and planned programs would certainly help to reduce the problem. A list of references is provided.
Content Networking Fundamentals (2006)

A comprehensive introduction to the theory and practical applications of content networkingi¾ Get a strong introduction to the basic networking concepts necessary for content networking, including network address translation, IP multicast content delivery, quality of service, and streaming media Master the application-layer protocols, including HTTP, SSL, RSTP, RTP and FTP Design redundancy and high availability by using server load balancing, Domain Name System (DNS) directory services, Cisco DistributedDirector software, proximity-based load balancing, and global sticky databases Learn to switch and offload encrypted content by importing, creating, and configuring certificates and keys in Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) termination devices Examine how to configure routers with Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP) and to switch content requests to content engines for serving frequently requested objects Learn how to configure caching, live push- and pull-splitting, content acquisitioning, and pre-positioning using Cisco Application and Content Networking System (ACNS) softwareContent networking is the most popular technology used to enhance network and application performance. The growth of content networking has been driven by end-user demands for richer content and lowered response times. These demands have caused the field of content networking to flourish with technological advances. Today many companies use content networking to add a layer of intelligence to their systems, scaling server availability and optimizing content delivery.Content Networking Fundamentals introduces you to content networking solutions and the underlying networking technologies that content networking uses to accelerate your applications in new and unique ways. You'll discover various algorithms behind content networking and learn how the Cisco Systems® product suite implements them.In this comprehensive guide, you start with a review of the protocols required for content networking, building your knowledge of introductory concepts and applications. From there, you delve into the components specific to content networking, with a focus on the content-aware Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Layers 4 through 7. Numerous deployment examples help you understand the more advanced topics. You can use the configuration snapshots in this book as skeletal configurations for your production network.Following the valuable lessons taught in Content Networking Fundamentals, you'll be able to effectively design, deploy, maintain, and troubleshoot content networks.
Exploiting Spatial Dimensions of Latent in GAN for Real-time Image Editing (2021)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) synthesize realistic images from random latent vectors. Although manipulating the latent vectors controls the synthesized outputs, editing real images with GANs suffers from i) time-consuming optimization for projecting real images to the latent vectors, ii) or inaccurate embedding through an encoder. We propose StyleMapGAN: the intermediate latent space has spatial dimensions, and a spatially variant modulation replaces AdaIN. It makes the embedding through an encoder more accurate than existing optimization-based methods while maintaining the properties of GANs. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models in various image manipulation tasks such as local editing and image interpolation. Last but not least, conventional editing methods on GANs are still valid on our StyleMapGAN. Source code is available at https://github.com/naver-ai/StyleMapGAN.
RESEARCH ON A 16MEV BACKWARD TRAVELING WAVE (BTW) (2002)

A 16MeV BTW electron linac, with a main accelerating tube and a buncher linked together as a single accelerating section, was built at the Ts inghua Accelerator Lab and tested from 1996 ~ 2002. The accelerator design, the results of a cold test, its commissioning, and the beam performance are described in this paper. Experimental performance proved the feasibility of the single section BTW structure.
Strategic benchmarking: (1995)

Financial firms often attempt to benchmark competitors or related service industries to improve new product development (NPD) and other key business processes. Although much has been learned about innovation in banks and other financial institutions in recent research studies, gaps in knowledge of best practices and cross‐industry differences remain. A Canadian survey reveals variations in strategic management of new products and innovation in banking and other financial sectors. Banks should exercise caution in interpreting the findings of benchmarking projects before adopting practices from other industries. The study also compares innovation successes and failures. Critical factors were identified which have received relatively little attention in previous work. Human resource strategies such as recruitment, evaluation systems, rewards and incentives appear to be very important for success. Investment in R&D, broadly interpreted to include process and administrative innovation, is also crucial. Joint ventures and cycle time reduction are found to be positively related to success. The study confirms the importance of a proactive and organized approach to innovation in practice.
Handover mechanism in dynamic load balancing for LTE systems (2012)

Next-generation wireless systems will be conceived to have all Internet Protocol (IP). It is based on infrastructure with the support of heterogeneous access technologies. IP system is the designs of intelligent mobility management technology that have many advantages to achieve global roaming as compare to others technologies. As the user allowed to move freely across different network, the hotspot cells can occur when available wireless resources at some point of location are not sufficient to sustain the needs of users. Therefore, this scenario can potentially leads to high dropped calls rate, which can deteriorate the service quality of users. This paper presents a load balancing scheme that can control the handover time based on the load status of cells. The scheme requests the load information of the target cell in advance to avoid handover to an overloaded target cell. The simulation results show a significant reduction in dropped calls rate which can manage overloaded traffic in the system.
Epidemiological Analysis of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates Determined by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and Antibiotic Susceptibility: Comparison of Isolates from Broiler Chickens, Humans and the Environment in Reunion Island (2015)

Epidemiological Analysis of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates Determined by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and Antibiotic Susceptibility: Comparison of Isolates from Broiler Chickens, Humans and the Environment in Reunion Island
THE POLYCHAETE CERATONEREIS TRIDENTATA AS A PEST OF THE SCALLOP AEQUIPECTEN GIBBUS (1962)

The nereid polychaete Ceratonereis tridentata has been found occupying mudblisters in the calico scallop, Aequipecten gibbus, from off North Carolina. Characteristic Ceratonereis blisters were found in 24% of live scallops examined. These blisters can be distinguished easily from those of Polydora websteri by their larger size and often by their location in the scallop shell. Blister cavities may communicate with the mantle cavity or with the exterior. Anomalous malformations of the gills and the gonadal mass often accompany blisters having munication with the scallop mantle cavity. Ceratonereis tridentata is a facultative parasite of this scallop, also occurring among the epifauna of its shell.
Data mining applications in BT (1995)

Presents a number of case studies demonstrating how data mining is being used within BT to discover valuable knowledge. The case studies highlight the use of these techniques, the wealth of information contained in databases and learning points encountered. The studies presented are in the following areas: (1) identifying faults on printed circuit boards; (2) discovering the organisational structure of groups of criminals; and (3) predicting outcomes of credit assessment and litigation. Data mining techniques have been shown to provide significant benefits in terms of cost savings and detection of fraud against the company. What has also been shown, particularly in the case of fraud, is that the combination of data mining, data visualisation and human expertise is highly effective. A number of lessons have been learnt from these studies. First, simply throwing a machine learning system at a database is unlikely to yield good results. A significant amount of effort is required to pre-process data and understand its meaning in the problem domain Specialist domain knowledge will almost certainly be required. Second, a good deal of problem simplification is likely to be needed if high-accuracy results are to be obtained. This inevitably requires an element of compromise between overall business goals and what is practically achievable. Lastly, data mining alone will not yield business benefits. To be successful, it is necessary that business processes are changed to deliver them. The mind-set which views data as something to be archived has to be changed to one which views it as a valuable resource.
All-Fiber 3 3 Interleaver Design With Flat-Top Passband (2004)

In this letter, a three-port all-fiber flat-top optical in- terleaver is developed by using a new configuration of cascading three 3 3 directional fiber couplers. An approach that is based on the maximally flat principle is used to design the interleaver with a flat-top transmission. The proposed design approach also allows one to design interleavers with certain passband ripples in order to obtain a wider passband bandwidth. A 100/300-GHz three-port in- terleaver with a passband bandwidth of 40 GHz at 0.5 dB is demon- strated by experiment. Index Terms—All-fiber, dense wavelength-division multiplexing, flat-top, multiport, optical interleaver, 3 3 coupler.
Breakdown of Sodium Thiosulphate on Silver Halide Grains, Studied by Electron Microscopy (1977)

The breakdown of the thiosulphate, adsorbed on the grains of a photographic emulsion after treatment with diluted sodium thiosulphate solutions, is studied by electron microscopy of the extraction replicas of the treated grains.Deposits of monoclinic Ag2S are produced at the surface of the grains during the breakdown, being identified by selected area diffraction. They appear as thin layers in different steps of their growth, and as three dimensional specks.The reaction is found to depend on the initial concentration of the thiosulphate and on the temperature of the process, which have been varied within certain limits.The most important deposits of Ag2S are produced for the 10-4 M/l thiosulphate concentration at the three temperatures employed. Also, an increase of the Ag2S deposits is evident as the temperature increases.
Interaction between Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Races and Gene Pool Diversity in Phaseolus vulgaris (1998)

Sixty-two genetically diverse modern and traditional Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars from Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, the Netherlands, and the United States, representative of the Andean and Middle American gene pools, were selected to study the interaction with distinct races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib. Principal component and phenetic analyses were conducted on the disease reaction to inoculation with 34 races of C. lindemuthianum from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. The principal component analysis revealed four clusters in which only one cluster consisted of cultivars from both gene pools. Bean genotypes clustered based on the gene pool origin of the resistance genes present, regardless of the actual gene pool of the host genotype. Middle American genotypes in cluster A carried Andean resistance genes. Further grouping of genotypes based on overall level of resistance within each gene pool was observed. Clusters A and C consisted of the most resistant genotypes from both gene pools. The distribution of genotypes generated by the phenetic analysis, placed the most resistant and susceptible genotypes of the anthracnose differential series at the extremities of the phenogram, providing support for the range in genotypic resistance exhibited by members of the differential series. Races of C. lindemuthianum isolated from Middle American genotypes showed broad virulence on germplasm from both gene pools, whereas races with Andean reaction showed high virulence only on Andean germplasm. The reduced virulence of Andean races on Middle American genotypes suggests selection of virulence factors congruent with diversity in P. vulgaris. In addition, races of C. lindemuthianum formed two clusters corresponding to the Middle American and Andean reaction groups based on the phenetic analysis. In the principal component analysis, most races with the Andean reaction were observed in the clusters C and D, except races 15 and 23 which clustered with Middle American races in cluster B. Only races 38, 39 and 47 from the Dominican Republic showed high similarity in both multivariate analyses and clustered based on geographic origin. Races from other countries showed no geographic effect. The overlapping of specific races, however, with races from different reaction groups might indicate that this group of isolates possesses factors of virulence to both host gene pools. Data based on virulence supports variability in C. lindemuthianum structured with diversity in P. vulgaris.