gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of renal function by <sup>51</sup>Cr‐EDTA and endogenous creatinine clearances in the pig (1997)

In anaesthetized pigs, clearances of 51Cr-EDTA (EDTA) and endogenous creatinine were compared with renal clearance of inulin measured during constant infusion after bolus injection. Creatinine was determined by enzymatic (Kodak Ektachem) as well as conventional (Jaffé) methods. In saline-loaded pigs, renal clearance of constantly infused EDTA was 97.0 +/- 6.7 mL min-1 and identical to the clearance of inulin (94.1 +/- 9.1 mL min-1). There was good agreement between individual clearances. The extraction fractions of the two markers were indistinguishable (0.26 +/- 0.02 and 0.28 +/- 0.03, respectively). In other experiments the clearance of EDTA calculated from the first 4 h of the time course of the plasma concentration after single injection was 64.4 +/- 3.7 mL min-1, correlating well with inulin clearance (63.0 +/- 1.2 mL min-1). When calculated only from the monoexponential phase of the disappearance curve ('slope clearance'), significantly higher results were obtained (+33%, P < 0.001). Renal clearance of EDTA after single injection was 7.5 +/- 1.5 mL min-1 (approximately 12%) lower than inulin clearance (P < 0.001). Values of creatinine clearances determined by the two analytical methods showed a poor agreement with inulin clearance. It is concluded that, in pigs, glomerular filtration rate may be estimated by the clearance of EDTA using constant infusion or single injection of EDTA and that the renal clearance of endogenous creatinine is a less useful a measure of GFR.
Recurrent neural network-based language models with variation in net topology, language, and granularity (2016)

In this paper, we study language models based on recurrent neural networks on three databases in two languages. We implement basic recurrent neural networks (RNN) and refined RNNs with long short-term memory (LSTM) cells. We use the corpora of Penn Tree Bank (PTB) and AMI in English, and the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus (ASBC) in Chinese. On ASBC, we investigate word-based and character-based language models. For character-based language models, we look into the cases where the inter-word space is treated or not treated as a token. In summary, we report and comment on the performance of RNN language models with different databases, network topology, language, and granularity.
OBJECT DETECTION AND TRACKING IN RANGE IMAGE SEQUENCES BY SEPARATION OF IMAGE FEATURES (1998)

We propose a new approach for a driver assistance system based on range image sequences to increase the safety on motorways. This control system is capable of automatically keeping the car at an adequate distance or warning the driver when he gets too close to other cars. The knowledge of the sensor geometry with respect to the road is used to separate image features into ground and road obstacles. We assume that the road is flat but possibly inclined. To distinguish between obstacles and road pixels we use a separating plane that is slightly steeper than the current road model. Pixels lying above this plane are assumed to belong to obstacles, and pixels below the plane are assumed to belong to the road. To update the road model, we fit a plane through all pixels marked as ground. The partition of the detected obstacles into their different objects is performed using connected component analysis. Components are then merged into objects according to proximity. For the tracking we employ Ka...
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation catalyzed in vitro by purified components of the nitrate sensing system, NarX and NarL. (1993)

The regulation of specific gene expression by nitrate in Escherichia coli is mediated by the NarX/NarQ-NarL system. Based on sequence homologies with a family of two-component regulatory systems in bacteria, NarL has been identified as a putative response regulator while NarX and NarQ were proposed to be alternative membrane-associated sensors that activate NarL in the presence of nitrate. To investigate the interaction of NarX and NarL in vitro, both proteins were purified from overproducing strains. Purified NarX was rapidly labeled when incubated with [gamma-32P] ATP but not with [alpha-32P]ATP in a reaction that required Mg2+ but was unaffected by nitrate. Incubation of the labeled NarX with purified NarL resulted in the transient phosphorylation of NarL. Both the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of NarL required Mg2+, and neither reaction was affected by the presence of nitrate. NarL-phosphate, stabilized by the addition of EDTA, ran as a monomer on gel filtration. Dephosphorylation of the isolated NarL-phosphate required the addition of both Mg2+ and the NarX protein. The relative stabilities of the phosphorylated forms of the two proteins at different pH values were consistent with the proposal that, in analogy to other related two-component regulatory systems, NarX and NarL were phosphorylated on specific histidine and aspartate residues, respectively.
Radiation-induced Potentially Lethal Damage: DNA Lesions Susceptible to Fixation (1988)

The various postirradiation incubation conditions reported to uncover potentially lethal damage (PLD) induced by ionizing radiation are outlined and critically discussed. The process of damage fixation is the most characteristic determinant in distinguishing between PLD and other forms of damage (lethal or non-lethal). The results compiled indicate the induction of two forms of PLD (termed alpha- and beta-PLD). Evidence is presented that repair and fixation of alpha-PLD may underlie the variation in radiosensitivity observed through the cycle. Beta-PLD appears to be sensitive only to postirradiation treatment in anisotonic sale solutions. Results obtained at the DNA and chromosome level, under conditions allowing repair or causing fixation of PLD, are reviewed and combined together to devise a qualitative model that outlines a possible sequence of events from damage fixation at the DNA level, to damage fixation at the chromosome level and, ultimately, to cell death. It is suggested that damage uncovered at the cellular level as potentially lethal, comprises DNA dsb (single, pairs or groups) and that fixation is mediated by forces transmitted to the double helix through alteration (local or general) in chromatin conformation. Changes in chromatin conformation are caused either as a result of the cell's progression through the cycle or in response to a postirradiation treatment. The fixation process leads to the induction of chromosome aberrations. The validity of the concept of PLD in in vivo systems is shown, and the possible importance of PLD repair in radiation therapy is reviewed. The concept of PLD is compared to the concept of sublethal damage, and the possibility that similar molecular lesions underlie both types of damage is discussed.
Progesterone facilitates chromosome instability (aneuploidy) in p53 null (2000)

Mammary epithelial cells from p53 null mice have been shown recently to exhibit an increased risk for tumor development. Hormonal stimulation markedly increased tumor development in p53 null mammary cells. Here we demonstrate that mammary tumors arising in p53 null mammary cells are highly aneuploid, with greater than 70% of the tumor cells containing altered chromosome number and a mean chromosome number of 56. Normal mammary cells of p53 null genotype and aged less than 14 wk do not exhibit aneuploidy in primary cell culture. Significantly, the hormone progesterone, but not estrogen, increases the incidence of aneuploidy in morphologically normal p53 null mammary epithelial cells. Such cells exhibited 40% aneuploidy and a mean chromosome number of 54. The increase in aneuploidy measured in p53 null tumor cells or hormonally stimulated normal p53 null cells was not accompanied by centrosome amplification. These results suggest that normal levels of progesterone can facilitate chromosomal instability in the absence of the tumor suppressor gene, p53. The results support the emerging hypothesis based both on human epidemiological and animal model studies that progesterone markedly enhances mammary tumorigenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Ternary Carbides Na2PdC2 and Na2PtC2. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Study on location planning with grade nodes of urban logistics (2010)

Logistics node is an important carrier to speed up the development of logistics and appropriate location of different grade logistics nodes plays a vital role for the development of urban modern logistics. This paper focuses on co-location problem of different grade logistics nodes. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation system with index membership formula is designed based on SE-DEA model. And a dynamic optimization model of grade nodes is also established on the foundation of Mixed Integer Programming. Finally the case of a Chinese city verifies the versatility and effectiveness of the idea, the model and the method in this study.
A Reduced-Swing Voltage-Mode Driver for Low-Power Multi-Gb/s Transmitters (2009)

At a lower supply voltage, voltage-mode drivers draw less current than current-mode drivers. In this paper, we newly propose a voltage-mode driver with an additional current path that reduces the output voltage swing without the need for complicated additional circuitry, compared to conventional voltage-mode drivers. The prototype driver is fabriccated in a 0.13-㎛ CMOS technology and used to transmit data streams at the rate of 2.5 Gb/s. Deemphasis is also implemented for the compensation of channel attenuation. With a 1.2-V supply, it dissipates 8.0 ㎃ for a 400-㎷ output voltage swing.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-  on Muscle-Protein Turnover in Female Wistar Rats (1993)

Data suggest that TNF-alpha enhances muscle degradation in experimental situations where body weight loss is not apparent.
Regressive Tree Structured Model for Facial Landmark Localization (2015)

Although the Tree Structured Model (TSM) is proven effective for solving face detection, pose estimation and landmark localization in an unified model, its sluggish run time makes it unfavorable in practical applications, especially when dealing with cases of multiple faces. We propose the Regressive Tree Structure Model (RTSM) to improve the run-time speed and localization accuracy. The RTSM is composed of two component TSMs, the coarse TSM (c-TSM) and the refined TSM (r-TSM), and a Bilateral Support Vector Regressor (BSVR). The c-TSM is built on the low-resolution octaves of samples so that it provides coarse but fast face detection. The r-TSM is built on the mid-resolution octaves so that it can locate the landmarks on the face candidates given by the c-TSM and improve precision. The r-TSM based landmarks are used in the forward BSVR as references to locate the dense set of landmarks, which are then used in the backward BSVR to relocate the landmarks with large localization errors. The forward and backward regression goes on iteratively until convergence. The performance of the RTSM is validated on three benchmark databases, the Multi-PIE, LFPW and AFW, and compared with the latest TSM to demonstrate its efficacy.
Internal and External Structures of the Head of 3rd instar Larvae of Amphizoa lecontei Matthews (Coleoptera: Amphizoidae). A Contribution towards the Clarification of the Systematic Position of Amphizoidae (1991)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
The Marble Head (1994)

Let us make the audience small. Let us make the audience of darkness. The darkness, the vines behind the white head. A smell breaks off from the black grapes. The audience is there, behind the alpine head. Wings, mouths, flickering leaves. Then a road and a house with lit windows. Behind the head, twigs snap like abacus beads.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME ANALOGS OF A PROPOSED HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONE (1978)

Abstract Die sieben Analogen (VIa), (VIb), (VIIa) und (VIIb) des Decapeptids (VIIc) (vorgeschlagene Struktur für den Wachstumshonnon‐freisetzenden Faktor) werden synthetisiert: Kondensation der Fragmente (I) und (II) gibt die Octapeptide (IIIa) bzw. (IIIc); ihre freien Basen (IIIb) bzw. (IIId) werden mit den Dipeptiden (IV) zu den Decapeptiden (Va) bis (Ve) kondensiert.
Simple flashlamp I-V testing of solar cells (2002)

A new approach to the design of a flash tester has been developed. In this approach, the bias voltage on the cell is held constant and the light level varied. This is the reverse of conventional flash testers. Compared to conventional flash testers, the new approach makes use of simpler, commercial equipment and extracts more information about the cell performance. A prototype of the new system has been built and successfully used for testing concentrator cells on a pilot production line.
New and emerging treatment approaches to lupus (2010)

The main goal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is to achieve remission, as this has a major impact on patient and renal survival. Furthermore, early treatment success has been shown to improve long-term prognosis. Treatment in severe SLE, especially in lupus nephritis, has traditionally been a standardized schematic therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone followed by azathioprine. However, animal and human studies have increased our pathogenetic knowledge of this autoimmune disease with emerging new treatment targets. New and future therapeutic approaches are focused on B-cell depletion, T-cell downregulation and co-stimulatory blockade, cytokine inhibition, or the modulation of complement. Many different biological agents have been used in recent and ongoing studies, but up to now breakthroughs emerging from randomized Phase III trials have been rare. However, the future remains exciting with progress towards safe treatments with which to control the disease in the long run.
Intriguing Transparency (2013)

Abstract With the help of new 3D textiles and manufacturing processes, it is now possible to make translucent concrete elements that are not only strong and durable, but also conduct light. This new generation of translucent concrete opens up a whole new range of potential applications.
Heating effect of an electron beam impinging on a solid surface, allowing for penetration (1964)

The heating effect of an electron beam, under the assumption that the entire beam energy is imparted to the target surface (disc heating model), can be calculated fairly readily. At the high voltages and small beam diameters employed in electron-beam machining, however, the problem is complicated by penetration of electrons into the target. This effect is allowed for by a simple model of electron penetration due to Archard,9 by which the spatial distribution of power dissipation in the target is computed. The steady-state heat-flow problem is solved by relaxation.Results obtained on a digital computer, for a range of target materials and beam voltages, are resolved into two curves, from which correction factors for the effects of backscatterand electron-penetration depth can be read and applied to the data given by the disc heating model. Graphs are presented showing the maximum temperatures obtainable, with spots of given sizes, for a range of materials and voltages. The computations are substantially verified by experiment.
Differential Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors, Anti-CD25 Antibodies and Rapamycin on the Induction of FOXP3 in Human T Cells (2005)

The high FOXP3 mRNA levels during allogeneic responses in vivo and in vitro suggests that regulatory activities of CD25 T cells or the generation of these cells is an intrinsic part of activation. CNI and alphaCD25 mAb in contrast to Rapa, did interfere with this immunosuppressive counter-mechanism and as a result might have an inhibitory effect to tolerance induction after transplantation.
Enhanced gold SERS signals on HSR surface extrutions generated on carboxyl-rich polystyrene beads (2011)

This paper reports the employment of carboxyl groups on polystyrene beads surface to generate high aspect ratio (HSR) nano-extrutions by plasma etching for enhancing SERS signal. We investigate the detail mechanism of the surface corrugation formation on PSBs and propose a novel method to produce HSR surface nano-extrutions on carboxyl-rich PSBs surface. By understanding the mechanism of the surface corrugation formation, we can control the HSR. Therefore, a 4-fold Raman signal enhancement was achieved when compared to the result by previous method, using oxygen plasma to generate corrugation surface on PSBs without carboxyl groups.
RNAi for Developing Targeted Therapeutics--CHI's Third Annual Meeting. (2010)

The RNAi for Developing Targeted Therapeutics meeting, held in Boston, included topics covering new therapeutic developments in the field of RNAi-based drug discovery. This conference report highlights selected presentations on the reversal of drug resistance using targeted siRNA or small-hairpin RNA and EnGeneIC drug delivery vehicles, the development of siRNA therapeutics for lung diseases, siRNA-based topical microbicides, locked nucleic acid-based oligonucleotides, and company-specific approaches to the development of RNAi therapeutics from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc and MDRNA Inc. In addition to in vivo delivery approaches, novel RNAi-based approaches are also discussed, including dicer substrate siRNA, sd-rxRNA from RXi Pharmaceuticals Corp and a cationic liposome formulation of RNAi.
A Novel Initial Cell Search Scheme in TD-LTE (2011)

In LTE system, in order to access the network, user equipment (UE) should detect the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in downlink (DL) signal from the surrounding base stations (BS). This paper presents a novel initial cell search (ICS) scheme in TD-LTE system that contains two steps. In the first step, modified normalization based PSS detection is proposed to combat carrier frequency offset (CFO) and uplink (UL) interference. After CFO estimation and compensation, coherent SSS detection is adopted in frequency domain in the second period. Furthermore, in order to combat channel fading and noise, a method of flexible combination of PSS and SSS within several frames is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is more robust and effective than conventional approaches in TDD system.
The testing behind the test facility: the acoustic design of the nasa glenn research center's world-class reverberant acoustic test facility (2011)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) is leading the design and build of the new world-class vibroacoustic test capabilities at the NASA GRC’s Plum Brook Station in Sandusky, Ohio, USA. Benham Companies, LLC is currently constructing modal, base-shake sine and reverberant acoustic test facilities to support the future testing needs of NASA’s space exploration program.
Are Remittances to Sub-Saharan Africa Altruistic or for Self-Interest? Evidence from Kenya (2013)

International remittances comprise significant financial inflow for many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and provide considerable disposable income for the receiving households. There has, however, been no consensus on the motivation in the part of sending migrants in which explanations are divided between altruism and self-interest. The study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with co-integration approach to investigate whether international remittances to Kenya can be explained by either altruistic or self-interest motive. We process the World Bank annual data from 1970 to 2010 and find that self-interest, not altruism, as the dominant motivation to determine remittances. The analysis also indicates that demand on housing and exchange rates are the two strong drivers of international remittances to Kenya in both short-run and long-run. The Kenyan government is supposed to facilitate savings from remittances through financial institutions to invest more in the small business sector for economic growth.
The Compound Fabry-Perot Interferometer* (1951)

A description of the operation of the compound etalon with identical spacings is given. Conditions are given for the superposition of ghosts produced by reflections between etalons on the main pattern. The methods used in achievement of accurate register of the interference patterns for all wavelengths are described. Examples are given contrasting the use of the compound interferometer external and internal to the spectrograph.
Coordination of groups of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules (2003)

Vicsek et al. proposed (1995) a simple but compelling discrete-time model of n autonomous agents {i.e., points or particles} all moving in the plane with the same speed but with different headings. Each agent's heading is updated using a local rule based on the average of its own heading plus the headings of its "neighbors". In their paper, Vicsek et al. provide simulation results which demonstrate that the nearest neighbor rule they are studying can cause all agents to eventually move in the same direction despite the absence of centralized coordination and despite the fact that each agent's set of nearest neighbors change with time as the system evolves. This paper provides a theoretical explanation for this observed behavior. In addition, convergence results are derived for several other similarly inspired models. The Vicsek model proves to be a graphic example of a switched linear system which is stable, but for which there does not exist a common quadratic Lyapunov function.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pityriasis alba (2015)

Pityriasis alba, a skin disorder mostly occurring in children, is characterized by localized hypopigmented, slightly scaling patches with indistinct margins. The etiology of pityriasis alba is not well established. Atopy, xerosis, and sun exposure are potential risk factors for it. Histopathologically, there is a marked reduction in epidermal melanin content in lesional skin compared with perilesional normal skin, but immunohistochemical studies show no significant difference in the number of melanocytes between lesional and perilesional skin. It may be treated with lubricants and emollients. Recent studies have shown that anti-inflammatory drugs, such as calcineurin inhibitors, exhibit favorable efficacy in treating and preventing the recurrence of pityriasis alba.


Key words: 
Pityriasis; Hypopigmentation; Dermatitis, atopic; Therapeutic uses; Pityriasis simplex
Exogenous re-infection by a novel Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 as a cause of recurrent meningitis in a child from The Gambia (2009)

We report a case of an infant who experienced exogenous re-infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 as a cause of recurrent meningitis after apparently successful antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone. eBURST analysis revealed that isolates from the two episodes of meningitis belonged to hypervirulent ST63 and ST3321 clonal complexes respectively.