gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopy evidence that cytoplasmic localization of the p16<sup>INK4A</sup>“nuclear” cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) in tumor cells is specific and not an artifact. A study in non-small cell lung carcinomas (2004)

It is well established that p16(INK4A) protein acts as a cell cycle inhibitor in the nucleus. Therefore, cytoplasmic localization of p16 (INK4A) usually is disregarded by investigators as nonspecific. Three recent studies reported findings that differ from the current view concerning p16(INK4A) immunohistochemical localization. All three demonstrated that breast and colon cancers expressing cytoplasmic p16(INK4) represent distinct biological subsets. We previously detected in a percentage of non-small cell lung carcinomas simultaneous nuclear and cytoplasmic p16(INK4A) staining. In view of the reports concerning breast and colon carcinomas, we conducted an ultrastructural re-evaluation of our cases to clarify the specificity of p16(INK4A) cytoplasmic expression. We observed p16 (INK4A) immunolocalization in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a proportion of tumor cells. Diffuse dense nuclear staining was detected in the nucleoplasm, whereas weaker granular immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm near the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Negative tumor cells also were visible. In the tumor-associated stromal, cells p16(INK4A) immunoreactivity was detected only in the nuclei. We have demonstrated that p16(INK4A) cytoplasmic staining is specific and suggest that it represents a mechanism of p16(INK4A) inactivation similar to that observed in other tumor suppressor genes.
Some lessons from Lagos (2009)

In June 2009 the City of Tshwane's BRT Project Office hosted a World Bank-led workshop on public transport restructuring. A highlight was the presentations made by colleagues from Nigeria on their experiences with implementing the "BRT Lite" system in Lagos. Listening to the enthusiastic endorsement of the system by the public transport union representatives - the people who turned from operating old, inefficient and poorly regulated minibuses and midibuses to being keen participants in introducing a new concept - it struck me that we in South Africa, busily driving our own BRT schemes, might sit up and take notice of a few things.
COMPARISON BETWEEN (RLE AND HUFFMAN) ALGORITHMSFOR LOSSLESS DATA COMPRESSION (2015)

Multimedia field is distinguished from other areas of the need for massive storage volumes.This caused a lot of problems, particularly the speed of reading files when (transmission and reception) and increase the cost (up capacities petition) was to be the presence of ways we can get rid of these problems resulting from the increase Size was one of the successful solutions innovation algorithms to compress files.This paper aims to compare between (RLE and Huffman) algorithms which are also noncompression algorithms devoid texts, according to the standard file size.Propagated the comparison between the original file size and file size after compression using (RLE & HUFFMAN) algorithms for more than (30) text file.We used c++ program to compress the files and Microsoft excel program in the description analysis so as to calculate the compression ratio and others things.The study pointed to the effectiveness of the algorithm (HUFFMAN) in the process of reducing the size of the files.
Buffered Plate Antigen Test as a Screening Test for Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis (1998)

Brucellosis in Argentina is currently investigated in bank donor blood by the standard plate agglutination test (PAT). This study evaluated the buffered plate antigen test (BPA), now used to screen for bovine brucellosis, as a screen for human disease. Of 57 sera from patients with culture-confirmed brucellosis, 100% were detected with the BPA. Of 142 sera positive by rose bengal (RB) and complement fixation (CF), from patients with clinical evidence of brucellosis, the BPA detected 100%. Of 307 sera from a nonsymptomatic population that were RB and CF negative, the BPA detected 99.67% of the negative sera. The data indicate that the BPA is satisfactory compared to the other agglutination tests employed. It is an inexpensive and practical screening test and reduces the nonspecific reactions detected by the PAT.
Canonical Wnt signaling modulates <i>Tbx1</i>, <i>Eya1</i>, and <i>Six1</i> expression, restricting neurogenesis in the otic vesicle (2010)

To understand the mechanism by which canonical Wnt signaling sets boundaries for pattern formation in the otic vesicle (OV), we examined Tbx1 and Eya1-Six1 downstream of activated beta-catenin. Tbx1, the gene for velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), is essential for inner ear development where it promotes Bmp4 and Otx1 expression and restricts neurogenesis. Using floxed beta-catenin gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) alleles, we found Tbx1 expression was down-regulated and maintained/enhanced in the two mouse mutants, respectively. Bmp4 was ectopically expressed and Otx1 was lost in beta-catenin GOF mutants. Normally, inactivation of Tbx1 causes expanded neurogenesis, but expression of NeuroD was down-regulated in beta-catenin GOF mutants. To explain this paradox, Eya1 and Six1, genes for branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome were down-regulated in the OV of beta-catenin GOF mutants independently of Tbx1. Overall, this work helps explain the mechanism by which Wnt signaling modulates transcription factors required for neurogenesis and patterning of the OV.
A Massively Parallel Approach to Affine Transformataion in Medical Image Registration (2009)

Medical image registration plays an important role in investigating disease processes and understanding normal development and ageing. An essential component in most medical registration approaches is affine transformation. The affine transformation is made up of any combination of linear transformations (rotation and scaling) followed by translation. These algorithms are generally computationally expensive. The increasing availability of parallel computers makes parallelizing these tasks an attractive option. This paper proposes a massively parallel approach for affine transformations using a representative data parallel architecture to accelerate such algorithms. The result of our parallel approach is outstanding in terms of both processing performance and energy efficiency. The proposed parallel approach achieves a three order of computational capabilities and a second order of energy efficiency of other implementations using commercial processors such as TI DSP and ARM families.
GRIM-19, a Cell Death Regulatory Protein, Is Essential for Assembly and Function of Mitochondrial Complex I (2004)

Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular energy production via the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) consisting of five multiprotein complexes and also in the initiation of apoptosis. NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the largest complex that catalyzes the first step of electron transfer in the OXPHOS system. GRIM-19 was originally identified as a nuclear protein with apoptotic nature in interferon (IFN)- and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-induced tumor cells. To reveal its biological role, we generated mice deficient in GRIM-19 by gene targeting. Homologous deletion of GRIM-19 causes embryonic lethality at embryonic day 9.5. GRIM-19(-/-) blastocysts show retarded growth in vitro and, strikingly, display abnormal mitochondrial structure, morphology, and cellular distribution. We reexamined the cellular localization of GRIM-19 in various cell types and found its primary localization in the mitochondria. Furthermore, GRIM-19 is detected in the native form of mitochondrial complex I. Finally, we show that elimination of GRIM-19 destroys the assembly and electron transfer activity of complex I and also influences the other complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our result demonstrates that GRIM-19, a gene product with a specific role in IFN-RA-induced cell death, is a functional component of mitochondrial complex I and is essential for early embryonic development.
Abbott faces fallout from Gillard's big week (2011)

So it is done. What Rudd and Turnbull couldn't achieve as party leaders in 2008-2009, Prime Minister Julia Gillard and Climate Change Minister Greg Combet last week achieved, in the face of implacable opposition from Tony Abbott and a well-funded, climate change denialist, do-nothing lobby.
Techniques for privacy and authentication in personal communication systems (1995)

Describes progress in the development of authentication and key agreement (AKA) processes for personal communication systems (PCS). A conceptual framework is first established; this is a three-part general model that characterizes all AKA techniques. Then three proposed AKA methods are compared using this model. These methods are the so-called secret key method of GSM, the secret key method of United States Digital Cellular (IS-54, IS-95), and a public key/secret key method. Finally, a summary is presented that indicates the AKA method of preference for some proposed PCS air interfaces that are under development by standards bodies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
X-ray wavelengths and x-ray atomic energy levels (1967)

Inconsistencies in accepted values (in x units) of x-ray reference lines have recently been demonstrated, although all are supposedly based on "good" calcite crystals. Factors supporting the selection of the W Ka\ line as the X-Ray Wave- length Standard are critically discussed. A review is given of the experimental measurements which are used to establish the wavelength of this line on an absolute angstrom basis. Its value is X W Kai = (0.20901005 ppm) A. This may be used to define a new unit, denoted by A** , such that the W Kai wavelength is exactly 0.2090100 A*; hence 1 A* = lA5 ppm. The wavelengths of the Ag Kai, Mo Ken, Cu Kai, and the Cr Ken have been established as secondary standards with probable error of approximately one part per million. Sixty-one additional x-ray lines have been used as reference values in a comprehensive review and reevaluation of more than 2700 emission and absorption wavelengths. The recommended wavelength values are listed in A * units together with probable errors; corresponding energies are given in keV. A second table lists the wavelengths in numerical order, and likewise includes their energies in keV. CONTENTS fifty years.
ViDPSec Visual Device Pairing Security Protocol (2009)

Pairing devices over insecure wireless channels is a difficult task, especially when there is no trusted third party or when either the delivering network or the third party itself can't be trusted. In this work we present a light-weight yet sophisticated protocol for establishing secure communications channels between devices. The protocol uses any asymmetric cryptosystem's keys and a novel exchange mechanism to establish a symmetric key that encrypts any data exchanged over the channel. The protocol requires user intervention for its operation; challenge signature/tokens are sent at first that are verified at the end by the user; if the exchanged tokens are verified then the channel is secured by the symmetric key exchanged inline. The only requirement posed on the devices is that they must be equipped with a display. The protocol is ideal for secure pairing among any display-equipped user device with an adequate processor to play MP3 music.
Neonatal Jaundice in Asian, White, and Mixed-Race Infants (2002)

Diagnoses of neonatal jaundice occurred more often among East Asian and mixed Asian/white infants than among white infants. However, the risk of jaundice requiring extended hospital stay, rehospitalization, phototherapy, or blood transfusion was elevated only for infants of full East Asian parentage.
Pharmacological clearance of senescent cells improves survival and recovery in aged mice following acute myocardial infarction (2019)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in individuals over 60 years old. Aging is associated with an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease and a poorer prognosis following acute myocardial infarction (MI). With age, senescent cells accumulate in tissues, including the heart, and contribute to age-related pathologies. However, the role of senescence in recovery following MI has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of aged mice with the senolytic drug, navitoclax, eliminates senescent cardiomyocytes and attenuates profibrotic protein expression in aged mice. Importantly, clearance of senescent cells improved myocardial remodelling and diastolic function as well as overall survival following MI. These data provide proof-of-concept evidence that senescent cells are major contributors to impaired function and increased mortality following MI and that senolytics are a potential new therapeutic avenue for MI.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography-based isolation minimally alters Extracellular Vesicles’ characteristics compared to precipitating agents (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become an attractive field among the scientific community. Yet, a major challenge is to define a consensus method for EVs isolation. Ultracentrifugation has been the most widely used methodology but rapid methods, including Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and/or precipitating agents such as Polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PRotein Organic Solvent PRecipitation (PROSPR) have emerged. To evaluate the impact of these different methods on the resulting EV preparations, plasma EVs were isolated using SEC, PEG and PROSPR, and their total protein content, NTA and Cryo-electron microscopy profiles, and EV-markers were compared. Also, their effect on recipient cells was tested. Low protein content and Cryo-EM analysis showed that SEC removed most of the overabundant soluble plasma proteins, which were not removed using PEG and partially by PROSPR. Moreover, only SEC allowed the detection of the EV-markers CD9, CD63 and CD81, LGALS3BP and CD5L, suggesting a putative interference of the precipitating agents in the structure/composition of the EVs. Furthermore, PEG and PROSPR-based EV isolation resulted in reduced cell viability in vitro. These results stress that appropriate EV-isolation method should be considered depending on the forthcoming application of the purified EVs.
Does long-term oxygen therapy reduce hospitalisation in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (2002)

The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) reduces hospitalisation in hypoxaemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The circumstances of initiation of LTOT (start during hospitalisation versus start as an outpatient) and compliance with oxygen were also investigated (continuous oxygen therapy (COT) > or = 15 h daily versus noncontinuous oxygen therapy (NCOT) <15 h daily). A total 246 COPD patients were studied, with each patient acting as their own control. Patients were divided into four groups: 125 patients on COT who started LTOT in conjunction with hospitalisation, 37 patients on COT who started LTOT as outpatients, 58 patients on NCOT who started LTOT in conjunction with hospitalisation and 26 patients on NCOT who started LTOT as outpatients. Admission rates, days spent in hospital and number of patients with at least one hospitalisation (ever hospitalised) were compared in two periods of 10 months before and after initiation of LTOT. Overall during the LTOT period, in comparison with the preoxygen period, the admission rates, hospital days and "ever hospitalised" were reduced by 23.8%, 43.5% and 31.2%, respectively. Among patients who started LTOT as outpatients, a tendency towards a higher effect in the compliant group was observed. This study shows that in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, long-term oxygen therapy is associated with a reduction in hospitalisation.
The neural shell: a neural network simulation tool (2002)

A neural network simulator, the neural shell was developed to simplify the design and use of neural networks. The neural shell is a prototyping environment which runs on workstations and additionally supports the execution of large neural-network simulations on Cray supercomputers. Descriptions are given of the Neural Shell Window, the configuration window, the graphics display window, file requirements and the self-documentation facility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic Motherese Detection for Face-to-Face Interaction Analysis. (2008)

This paper deals with emotional speech detection in home movies. In this study, we focus on infant-directed speech also called motherese which is characterized by higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation. In this work, we show the robustness of approaches to automatic discrimination between infant-directed speech and normal directed speech. Specifically, we estimate the generalization capability of two feature extraction schemes extracted from supra-segmental and segmental information. In addition, two machine learning approaches are considered: k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and Gaussian mixture models (GMM). Evaluations are carried out on real-life databases: home movies of the first year of an infant.
Nuclear cardiology techniques in the assessment of ischemic heart disease. (1986)

Invasive techniques of cardiac catheterization and angiography have become the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of patients with ischemic heart disease. More recently there has been a remarkable development of noninvasive imaging techniques which has resulted in improved ability to select patients in need of invasive investigations and in a more complete understanding of the physiological and clinical significance of information obtained from such invasive investigations. The value and limitations of the 3 most common techniques, radionuclide ventriculography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and acute myocardial infarction scintigraphy, are discussed in this review in relation to the assessment of patients with proven or suspected ischemic heart disease. These nuclear cardiology techniques are now available in most hospitals with nuclear medicine equipment; a good understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique is essential for optimal clinical use.
Financing mechanisms of higher education, Case study universities in Germany (2019)

Financing and allocation mechanisms are important instruments in the governance of higher education....
A Pilot Study of Abacavir/Lamivudine and Raltegravir in Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-1–Infected Patients: 48-Week Results of the SHIELD Trial (2010)

in this pilot study, abacavir/lamivudine plus raltegravir was effective and generally well-tolerated over 48 weeks with modest changes in fasting lipids.
Culture et clôture (2001)

du site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement.
1-Oxa-2-magnesiacyclohexane (1977)

h e x a n e ( I ) i n up t o 5 0 % y i e l d .
Relationship Between Laboratory Cold‐Test Methods and Field Emergence in Maize Inbreds<sup>1</sup> (1979)

Abstract Reliable estimates of field emergence under adverse planting conditions are required for maximum crop management. The “cold‐test” is widely used as such a parameter. Various versions of the laboratory cold‐test for corn ( Zea mays L.) were studied on 15 inbred lines. Substrates ranged from sterile Kimpak to sand‐soil mixtures to a test utilizing pure soil. All procedures incorporated a 10 C 7 day stress period followed by a grow‐out period at approximately 25 C. Variability between test results on the same sample was as much as 60%. The lowest coefficient of variability was achieved with a method incorporating a cellulose substrate covered with a small amount of soil. The test utilizing the sterile substrate was found to have laboratory performance characteristics similar to the soil tests. It appears that for the inbreds studied, much of the cold‐test response is due to the temperature stress and little to the soil. The ability of any of the tests to predict field emergence was quite variable. The lowest correlation and predictability was recorded with the method suggested by the AOSA Vigor Committee, while the sterile substrate test exhibited intermediate correlation performance compared to the other methods involving soil or soil mixes. The cold‐test is not a consistently reliable predictor of early field emergence. The variability inherent in the test makes comparison between laboratories difficult.
Testing for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and their ability to invade HeLa cells. (1979)

Tests have demonstrated that current enrichment methods may fail to detect low levels of some clinical strains of Yersinia enterocolitica inoculated into meats and oysters and need improvement. The results of cold enrichment with phosphate and tripolyphosphate buffers were very poor and the sensitive clinical strain failed to grow in Wauters' MgCl2 broth. Twenty typical clinical strains of Y. enterocolitica belonging to Nilehn's biotypes 2, 3, and 4 had the ability to invade HeLa cells tissue culture but none of the 52 atypical clinical and food strains belonging to Nilehn's biotype 1 or rhamnose-positive were invasive. Although temperature sensitive, this test is reproducible and useful for screening noninvasive isolates.
Oligonucleotide probes for genus-, species- and subspecies-specific identification of representatives of the genus Proteus (1987)

The presence of conserved and variable regions in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) allows construction of oligonucleotide probes complementary to defined regions of this molecule. In this paper we apply such probes to identify members of Enterobacteriaceae, specifically closely related species of Proteus. Genus- and species-specific detection of Proteus sp. was done by dot-blotting, subspecies identification by Southern hybridization. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, 24 to 29 bases in length, detected less than 103 bacteria in DNA/RNA dot-blots. Due to the favorable reaction kinetics, hybridization and washing times could be reduced to 15–20 min and 2–3 min, respectively. Sample preparation was critical, especially in the case of sputum specimens which were solubilized prior to RNA extraction. To prevent degradation of rRNA by the endogenous nuclease activity, the material was applied immediately to the filters. Otherwise, up to 1000-fold reduction in the hybridization signal was observed.
Über die Wasserstoffbrücke bei 2′‐Hydroxy‐chalkonen (1966)

Abstract Bei 4′‐Dialkylamino‐äthoxy‐2′,4‐dihydroxy‐chalkon‐hydrochloriden wird gegenüber den entsprechenden Verbindungen, die in der 2′‐Stellung keine Hydroxylgruppe besitzen, eine Verminderung der Löslichkeit in Wasser beobachtet, die auf eine Wasserstoffbrücke zurückgeführt wird. Der Einfluß der Hydroxylgruppe in 2′‐Stellung auf die spasmolytische Wirkung wird angegeben.
Radiation Damage Effects in Alumina (1994)

The current understanding of radiation damage mechanisms in alumina produced by bombardment with energetic electrons, ions, or neutrons is reviewed with particular emphasis on the relative effects of displacement damage on the aluminum and oxygen sublattices. The displacement damage equations are presented and it is shown that a temperature dependence of damage efficiency should be introduced into displacement damage calculations. The evolution of the damage microstructure is discussed for three broad temperature ranges followed by the effects of point and aggregate defects on physical properties. These include dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and dielectric properties. The review concludes with the effects of neutron irradiation on mechanical properties.