gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uric Acid‐Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction Is Attenuated by HO‐1 Upregulation: Potential Role of Antioxidant Therapy to Target Obesity (2015)

Increased uric acid levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To examine the mechanisms by which this occurs, we hypothesized that an increase in heme oxygenase 1, a potent antioxidant gene, will decrease uric acid levels and adipocyte dysfunction via suppression of ROS and xanthine oxidase (XO) levels. We examined the effect of uric acid on adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence and absence of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer, and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), an HO activity inhibitor. Uric acid increased adipogenesis by increasing NADPH oxidase expression and elevation in the adipogenesis markers C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Mest, while decreasing small lipid droplets and Wnt10b levels. We treated MSCs with fructose, a fuel source that increases uric acid levels. Our results showed that fructose increased XO expression as compared to the control and concomitant treatment with CoPP significantly decreased XO expression and uric acid levels. These beneficial effects of CoPP were reversed by SnMP, supporting a role for HO activity in mediating these effects. These findings demonstrate that increased levels of HO-1 appear crucial in modulating the phenotype of adipocytes exposed to uric acid and in downregulating XO and NADPH oxidase levels.
Rational Hit Generation (2016)

This chapter highlights the major hit generation techniques and strategies in pharmaceutical industry. It presents application examples for illustrating these techniques. It also provides the design of hits starting from the endogenous ligand information. The chapter shows how the design of focused libraries can be used for the hit generation. Especially, it presents the design of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) targeted libraries. This example demonstrates the importance of available structural information for hit generation. Nowadays virtual screening (VS) is probably the most prominent hit generation method. Chemogenomics is another emerging approach to drug discovery. It combines traditional ligand-based approaches with biological information on drug targets. In hit generation, it is often used for searching tool compounds for orphan receptors. The chapter overviews the most often used, lead generation method, namely transition state and substrate analogs.
Preparation of permanent slides of intact soft-agar colony cultures of hematopoietic and tumor stem cells. (1979)

A simple technique is described for fixing colony-containing layers of soft agar and drying them onto microscopic slides. The method is extrapolated from techniques used in immunology for permanent preservation of immunodiffusion or immunoelectrophoresis plates. Slides prepared in this fashion are eminently suitable for subsequent analysis with a variety of techniques including conventional Papanicolaou or other staining methods as well as histochemistry, immunofluorescence, and autoradiography. In addition to research applications, the technique may have diagnostic applications and should greatly enhance both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the biology of hematopoietic and tumor colony formation.
Bismuth Triflate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Formation and Deprotection of Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Drug Agglomerates Upon the Kinetics of Mixing of Low Dosage Cohesive Powder Mixtures (1989)

(1989). Effect of Drug Agglomerates Upon the Kinetics of Mixing of Low Dosage Cohesive Powder Mixtures. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 15, No. 12, pp. 1911-1931.
The Effect of Acute Infectious Illnesses on Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Load and the Expression of Serologic Markers of Immune Activation among HIV‐Infected Adults (1998)

The effect of acute coinfections on plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load and immune activation markers was evaluated. Thirty-two HIV-infected persons were prospectively enrolled; 18 had pre-illness, acute, and follow-up specimens. Plasma HIV RNA levels were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and serum levels of activation markers, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble (s) TNF receptors (R)-I and -II, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, sIL-2R, sCD4, and sCD8, were assessed by commercial ELISAs. Median plasma HIV load increased 7. 8-fold during illness (P=.001) and decreased 1.5-fold (P=.01) during convalescence (median, 15 days). Significant virus load reductions were limited to subjects with clinical recovery. By regression analysis, changes in plasma HIV RNA were significantly associated with changes in sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and sIL-2R. Increased HIV replication during acute coinfections is associated with in vivo immune activation, which underscores the need to prevent and promptly treat intercurrent illnesses.
Improving Completeness and Quality of Epidemiologic Study Publications (2008)

To my fellow epidemiologists, I would like to ask whether there is anyone among us who has not had to defend criticisms about the nature of our research? When responding to a question about what it is I do, I do not find myself having to say “I'm an epidemiologist” (pause) “which is…”
Physical encapsulation and controlled assembly of lipid bilayers within flexible substrates (2010)

Biomolecular networks formed from droplet interface bilayers (DIB) use principles of phase separation and molecular self-assembly to create a new type of functional material. The original DIB embodiment consists of lipid-encased aqueous droplets surrounding by a large volume of oil contained in a shallow well. However, recent results have shown that, by reducing the amount of oil that separates the droplets from the supporting substrate, physically-encapsulated DIBs display increased durability and portability. In this paper we extend the concept of encapsulated biomolecular networks to one in which phase separation and molecular self-assembly occur entirely within internally-structured reservoirs of a solid material. Flexible substrates with 200μm wideby- 200μm deep internal microchannels for holding the aqueous and oil phases are fabricated from Sylgard 184 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft-lithography microfabrication techniques. Narrowed apertures along the microchannels enable the use of the regulated attachment method (RAM) to subdivide and reattach lipid-encased aqueous volumes contained within the material with an applied external force. The use of perfluorodecalin, a fluorocarbon oil, instead of hexadecane eliminates absorption of the oil phase into the PDMS bulk while a silanization surface treatment of the internal channel walls maximizes wetting by the oil phase to retain a thin layer of oil within the channels to provide a fluid oil/water interface around the aqueous volumes. High-quality 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPHPC) lipid bilayers formed within the prototype substrates have electrical resistance between 1-100GΩ, enabling the measurement of single and few-channel recordings of alpha-hemolysin (αHL) and alamethicin proteins incorporated into the bilayers.
Robust control of flexible high-speed rotors via mixed uncertainties (2013)

Active vibration control for flexible high-speed rotors tends to be a particularly challenging problem due to the influence of gyroscopic terms, resulting in the need for speed-dependent system models. This paper addresses robust control of such systems, using Linear Fractional Transformations (LFTs) for decoupling the system model into speed-dependent and -independent components in LFT feedback. Based on the resulting LFT decomposition, the speed-dependent terms are efficiently reduced in order and considered uncertain with respect to the rotational speed of the shaft. The resulting perturbations are augmented by complex, additive uncertainties and explicitly used for control synthesis. Defining semi-modal performance measures, the perturbed open-loop systems are well-suited for mixed μ synthesis techniques. In particular, (D,G)-K and μ-K algorithm, both enabling explicit treatment of mixed perturbations, are investigated in approaching the robust vibration attenuation problem across the range of operating speeds.
Photoinduced electron-transfer processes in C<sub>60</sub>-tetrathiafulvalene dyads containing a short or long flexible spacer (2002)

Intramolecular photoinduced charge-separation and charge-recombination processes in two C60-spacer-TTF dyads, in which C60 and TTF (tetrathiafulvalene) are connected through a flexible spacer of different lengths, have been investigated in polar solvents by time-resolved absorption and fluorescence techniques. Weak interaction between the C60-moiety and TTF-moiety in the ground state was suggested by the steady-state absorption spectra; the dyad with the shorter spacer shows slightly stronger interaction than that with the longer spacer. The observed short fluorescence lifetimes of these dyads, compared with that of their precursor fullerene derivative in THF and benzonitrile indicate that the charge separation takes place via the singlet excited state of the C60-moiety, producing the ion pairs (C60˙−-spacer-TTF˙+) as shown from the transient absorption spectra in the 800–1100 nm region. In polar benzonitrile solvent, the ion-pair state with the long flexible chain shows longer lifetime than that with the short chain, suggesting that weaker interaction between C60 and TTF moieties is preferred to the long ion-pair lifetime. These observations were compared with other reported data for C60-TTF dyads.
Performance Evaluation of a High Pressure Microtube as a High-Speed Heating Device for Supercritical State Generation (2008)

The heat transfer performance of a microtube was experimentally investigated to verify its suitability as a temperature control device for supercritical water (SCW) reactions under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions (pressure: 23–45 MPa, temperature: 673–773 K, flow rate: 0.6–4.6 kg/h). The microtube was made of Ni-base alloy 625 and had a microchannel with an internal diameter (ID) of 0.258 mm. Ohmic heating was employed for elevating the temperature of the microtube. Using purified water as the operating fluid for thermal performance evaluation, rapid and effective fluid heating from room temperature to 673 K within 0.05 s was achieved inside the heater and heat exchanger, respectively. The electrical power input was converted to fluid enthalpy by the microtube heater with a thermal efficiency of 75–95%, heating rate of 104–105 K/s, and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 4950–35400 W/(m2 K). Experimental results indicate that the microtube is useful as a temperature control device, and the rapid and effective turbulent heat and mass transfer in the microchannel is suitable for the high-speed temperature control required for SCW reactions.
Olefin Metathesis: A Powerful Reaction Begins to Reach Its Potential (2002)

Although olefin metathesis appears to many organic and polymer chemists to be a new reaction, the transformation was first recognized in the 1960s. As were many catalytic reactions, this transformation was discovered by accident while researchers were trying to expand the scope of the Ziegler and related polymerization reactions. Early catalysts were ill-defined mixtures of early transition metal halides and reducing/ alkylating agents, such as alkylaluminum compounds. These catalysts were strongly Lewis acidic and thus were only useful for reactions involving unfunctionalized hydrocarbons. Historically, progress in the development of this reaction has been directly correlated to improvements in catalysts. Only after the Chauvin mechanism involving the intermediacy of metal-carbon double bonds and metallacyclobutanes was established was it possible to explore the development of well-defined catalysts. Chauvin and Katz explored the use of Fisher carbenes as catalysts and demonstrated the basic concept of the activity of metal carbene complexes in metathesis. However, it was the work at Dupont of Tebbe and Schrock that opened the field of alkylidene chemistry and greatly expanded the horizons of metathesis. Although the Tebbe titanocene methylene complexes provided a system that was exploited for use in organic synthesis, allowed the study of metallacyclobutanes and led to the discovery of living ROMP polymerization of strained olefins, its catalytic activity was too low for most practical applications.
Theoretical aspects of fault isolation on high-power direct current lines using resonant direct current/direct current converters (2011)

This study investigates direct current (DC) fault current limiting and interrupting capability of a multi-megawatt resonant DC/DC converter, which is proposed for applications with high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. The converter can be used as a DC circuit breaker (CB) or as a multi-functional unit: DC transformer, regulating element and DC CB. The study is primarily concerned with the inherent converter responses, in the first several milliseconds after the fault, and prior to any controller action. A detailed converter design is given to prevent fault propagation through the converter even for most severe faults on low-voltage or high-voltage terminals. The analytical modelling proves that the converter will internally reduce power transfer during fault conditions. The simulation on PSCAD/EMTDC shows that converter operates uninterrupted through most severe faults, the switch turn-off time is not violated and inherent stabilising properties prevent any overvoltage or extreme currents. The converter can respond like high-impedance circuit on the unfaulted terminals. The impact of unbalanced DC line faults on a bipolar DC system is also discussed. The detailed PSCAD tests with a 200 MW DC/DC converter interconnecting ±44 and ±250 kV DC lines demonstrate the ability to prevent fault propagation even for most severe DC line faults. The interaction with other HVDC converters in case of faults is also demonstrated.
Evaluation of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening on Public Data (2011)

This study shows, for the first time, the performance of a comprehensive DR screening system on an independent, publicly available dataset. The performance of the system on this dataset is comparable with that of human experts.
Bursaphelenchus eproctatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) isolated from dead Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii Pars (2008)

Abstract Bursaphelenchus eproctatus n. sp. is described and figured from a dead Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii. The new species has a body length of 639 (580-714) μm in the female and 545 (550-595) μm in the male, ratio a = 35.9 (32.6-41.9) in the female and 33.8 (31.5-35.1) in the male, and c and c′ ratios = 14.2 (13.3-15.0) and 2.7 (2.3-3.0), respectively, in the male. A functional rectum and anus are absent, the intestine ending as a blind sac in the female posterior region. The female stylet = 18.8-21.8 μm long and the male stylet = 14.9-19.8 μm, the median bulb is elongate-oval and there are three lines in the lateral field. The spicules are of medium size, 19.8 (18.8-20.8) μm long, and arcuate with a terminal cucullus; there are two pairs of male caudal papillae and the female tail is tapered with a rounded terminus and a clearly annulated dorsal surface near the tail tip. Based upon spicule morphology the new species belongs to the B. piniperdae-group sensu Ryss and is close to B. hunanensis, B. minutus and B. lini. However, the new species is distinguished from these three species by a number of morphological features and morphometric values.
The benefits of staying active in old age: Physical activity counteracts the negative influence of PICALM, BIN1, and CLU risk alleles on episodic memory functioning. (2014)

PICALM, BIN1, CLU, and APOE are top candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease, and they influence episodic memory performance in old age. Physical activity, however, has been shown to protect against age-related decline and counteract genetic influences on cognition. The aims of this study were to assess whether (a) a genetic risk constellation of PICALM, BIN1, and CLU polymorphisms influences cognitive performance in old age; and (b) if physical activity moderates this effect. Data from the SNAC-K population-based study were used, including 2,480 individuals (age range = 60 to 100 years) free of dementia at baseline and at 3- to 6-year follow-ups. Tasks assessing episodic memory, perceptual speed, knowledge, and verbal fluency were administered. Physical activity was measured using self-reports. Individuals who had engaged in frequent health- or fitness-enhancing activities within the past year were compared with those who were inactive. Genetic risk scores were computed based on an integration of risk alleles for PICALM (rs3851179 G allele, rs541458 T allele), BIN1 (rs744373 G allele), and CLU (rs11136000 T allele). High genetic risk was associated with reduced episodic memory performance, controlling for age, education, vascular risk factors, chronic diseases, activities of daily living, and APOE gene status. Critically, physical activity attenuated the effects of genetic risk on episodic memory. Our findings suggest that participants with high genetic risk who maintain a physically active lifestyle show selective benefits in episodic memory performance.
Some Physical Properties of 2-Picoline (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Physical Properties of 2-PicolineHenry Freiser and William L. GlowackiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 7, 2575–2578Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01187a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01187a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Systems theory approach to the control of transitional flows</title> (1995)

The problem of stabilization of plane Poiseuille flow is considered using techniques employed in control system analysis. The linearized Navier-Stokes equations are converted into control theoretic models using a Galerkin method. It is shown that control theoretic models provide a rich tool for designing control systems to stabilize flow as well as for understanding the physics of controlled transitional flows. Transfer function models provide information of optimal sensor locations and sensor types. State variable models provide information on how each mode, both stable and unstable, is affected by feedback control. State variable models can also provide insight into transitional fluid flow phenomena such as 'bypass' transition. In addition, control theory concepts such as observability and controllability are used to explain possible pitfalls in flow control. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the controllers designed using the control theoretic models.
Dense-WDM Soliton Systems Using Channel-Isolating Notch Filters (“Soliton Rail”) (2005)

We present the results of detailed analytical and numerical investigations of the soliton dynamics in single-channel and multi-channel systems supported by notch filters separating the channels in the spectral domain. In the analytical part of the work, we study properties of the dispersion-managed (Gaussian) soliton, and demonstrate that it has strong advantages in comparison with the usual soliton in a constant-dispersion system. The numerical part is focussed on direct simulations of the most dangerous collisions between initially overlapping solitons in a realistic two-channel system with lumped finite-spectral-width notch filters. The simulations reveal unexpected features of the collisions in the presence of the notch filters, that may be quite useful for applications.
EPA-0451 - Phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations in euthymic bipolar disorder (2014)

Background Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) are differentially affected by insulin resistance. Individuals without history of mental disorder with insulin resistance usually have high peripheral concentrations of phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) together. Catecholamine dysfunction is described to be a state-dependend phenomen in patients suffering from BD. Catecholamines are synthesized from essential amino acids PHE and TYR which are biotransformed to dopamine and subsequently converted to nor/adrenaline. Amino acid dysregulation may be a possible mediator of insulin resistance in BD. Patients/Methods Peripheral PHE and TYR concentrations were investigated in euthymic adults with BD. Amino acid differences between normal and overweight individuals with BD were evaluated and outcomes were correlated with the measures of glucose homeostasis. Results Mean plasma PHE to TYR ratio (PHE/TYR) was at the upper limit of the normal range in the whole sample. Enrolled subjects with PHE/TYR beyond the limits of normal exhibited the highest number of prior affective episodes. Sex-specific differences were noted as overweight BD females showed different profiles than normal-weight women. In the overweight females, PHE and TYR concentrations were significantly higher compared to normal-weight women. Significant correlations were noticed between PHE, TYR and PHE/TYR with insulin/Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA)-IR in the whole sample and the subgroup of BD women. Conclusion These significant differences in gender, amino acid pathways and in correlations with immune marker as well as insulin function have not been reported previously. Taken together, increased levels of PHE in BD should be considered when adjudicating diabetes risk especially in women.
Expression and Purification of Recombinant Proteins for Vaccine Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Protein Expression Prokaryotic Protein Expression Systems and Expression Vectors Escherichia coli Autoinduction Eukaryotic Expression Systems Yeasts Insect Cells Mammalian Cells Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) Cells Human Cells Cell-Free Expression Systems Protein Refolding Protein Purification References