gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Cytomegalovirus Elicits a Coordinated Cellular Antiviral Response via Envelope Glycoprotein B (2004)

Previous studies have shown that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a potent elicitor of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Induction of the interferon pathway does not require replication-competent virus, and envelope glycoprotein B (gB) from CMV is a viral structural component that can directly induce transcription of ISGs. Here we extend these earlier findings by defining the consequences of inducing the interferon pathway. We found that cells respond to CMV or soluble gB by establishing a functional antiviral state within cell types critical in CMV biology, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. We have also discovered new insights into the mechanism by which the pathway is initiated. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key transcriptional regulator of cellular interferon responses, is activated by CMV virions and soluble gB. Thus, IRF3 becomes activated via "outside-in" signal transduction events. This is a novel mechanism of activation of this key transcription factor by viruses. In comparison to soluble gB (gB(1-750)), which comprises the entire ectodomain of gB, a truncation mutant encompassing only the amino-terminal region of gB (gB(1-460)) was markedly less effective at inducing antiviral responses. This indicates that the region of gB from residues 461 to 750 is important for initiation of the antiviral response. In addition, CMV and gB establish an antiviral state in alpha/beta interferon null cells, illustrating that primary induction of ISGs by CMV and gB is sufficient to establish the antiviral response and that interferon secretion is not necessary for the antiviral effect. Taken together, our findings reveal that CMV initiates a coordinated antiviral response through contact between gB and an as-yet-unidentified cell surface receptor(s).
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. CXXXVI. (1967)

Primary hydrogen isotope effect in McLafferty mass spectrometric cyclic transfer rearrangement of ketones, esters and aromatic and heterocyclic substrates
Oral administration of Ag suppresses Ag-induced allergic conjunctivitis in mice: critical timing and dose of Ag (2013)

Prophylactic and early therapeutic treatment of OVA feeding suppressed EAC. Both high and low doses of oral OVA induced oral tolerance but with different mechanisms.
Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts autistic-like behaviours in BTBR T+tf/J mice: Contribution of central and peripheral mechanisms (2018)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social interaction, and repetitive stereotyped behaviours. Interestingly, functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are often reported as a comorbidity in ASDs, indicating gut-brain axis as a novel emerging approach. Recently, a central role for peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α has been addressed in neurological functions, associated with the behaviour. Among endogenous lipids, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a PPAR-α agonist, has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory effects both at central and peripheral level. Based on this background, the aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of PEA on autistic-like behaviour of BTBR T+tf/J mice and to shed light on the contributing mechanisms. Our results showed that PEA reverted the altered behavioural phenotype of BTBR mice, and this effect was contingent to PPAR-α activation. Moreover, PEA was able to restore hippocampal BDNF signalling pathway, and improve mitochondrial dysfunction, both pathological aspects, known to be consistently associated with ASDs. Furthermore, PEA reduced the overall inflammatory state of BTBR mice, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at hippocampal, serum, and colonic level. The analysis of gut permeability and the expression of colonic tight junctions showed a reduction of leaky gut in PEA-treated BTBR mice. This finding together with PEA effect on gut microbiota composition suggests an involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a therapeutic potential of PEA in limiting ASD symptoms, through its pleiotropic mechanism of action, supporting neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and the modulation of gut-brain axis.
Ultrafast Light-Driven Nanomotors Based on an Acridane Stator (2009)

A series of molecular motors featuring a symmetrical acridane stator is reported. Photochemical and thermal isomerization experiments confirm that this stator, in combination with a thiopyran rotor, results in molecular rotary motion in which the rate-determining thermal helix inversion proceeds effectively only at temperatures above 373 K. The introduction of a cyclopentanylidene rotor unit results in a decrease in steric hindrance with respect to the stator, and as a consequence, a 10(12)-fold increase in the rate of thermal helix inversion is observed. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy allows for the thermal processes to be followed accurately at ambient temperature. The rotary motor is shown to be able to operate at 0.5 MHz rotational frequencies under optimal conditions.
Efficient Helicene Synthesis: Friedel–Crafts‐type Cyclization of 1,1‐Difluoro‐1‐alkenes (2008)

The unique properties of fluorine substituents, leaving groups that also stabilize an α carbocation, are exploited in a high-yielding synthesis of substituted [4]- to [6]helicenes in three or four steps from commercially available compounds: Two fused benzene rings are constructed in the title reaction of readily prepared 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes containing two aryl groups followed by dehydrogenation (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z801396_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Recovering Effect of Betaine on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury. (1998)

The recovering effect of betaine (derivative of choline) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-injured liver was investigated by oral and intraperitoneal administration of betaine at 24 h after acute CCl4 intoxication. The effect of betaine was estimated by the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) released into the serum, histological score, and the incorporation of S-phase indicator (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine/5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine; BrdU/FdU). A significant decrease in the activity of serum ALT was observed by the intraperitoneal (3 mg/kg body) or oral (15 mg/kg body) administration of betaine. Furthermore, an increase in the uptake of BrdU into the hepatocyte nuclear DNA and a reduction in liver necrosis after the oral treatment of betaine (15 mg/kg body) was observed. From these results, the administration of betaine showed a significant effect in recovering CCl4-injured liver.
Leptin extends the anorectic effects of chronic PYY(3-36) administration in ad libitum-fed rats (2008)

Acute administration of peptide YY(3-36) [PYY(3-36)] results in a reduction in food intake in several different vertebrates. However, long-term continuous administration of PYY(3-36) causes only a transient reduction in food intake, thus potentially limiting its therapeutic efficacy. We hypothesized that a fall in leptin levels associated with reduced food intake could contribute to the transient anorectic effects of continuous PYY(3-36) infusion and thus that leptin replacement might prolong the anorectic effects of PYY(3-36). Seven-day administration of 100 microg x kg body wt(-1) x day(-1) PYY(3-36) using osmotic minipumps caused a significant reduction in food intake of ad libitum-fed rats, but only for the first 2 days postimplantation. Circulating levels of leptin were reduced 1 day following continuous infusion of PYY(3-36), and combined leptin infusion at a dose of leptin that had no anorectic effects on its own (100 microg x kg body wt(-1) x day(-1)) prolonged the anorectic actions of PYY(3-36) in ad libitum-fed rats for up to 6 days postimplantation and yielded reduced weight gain compared with either peptide alone. The inhibitory effects of 100 microg x kg body wt(-1) x day(-1) PYY(3-36) on food intake were absent in rats refed after a 24-h fast and substantially reduced at a dose of 1,000 microg x kg body wt(-1) x day(-1) PYY(3-36). Leptin replacement was unable to recover the anorectic effects of PYY(3-36) in fasted rats. Our results suggest that an acute fall in leptin levels is not solely responsible for limiting duration of action of chronic PYY(3-36) infusion, yet chronic coadministration of a subanorectic dose of leptin can extend the anorectic effects of PYY(3-36).
Unique Regeneration Steps for the Sorbent-Based Atmosphere Revitalization System Designed for CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O Removal from Spacecraft Cabins (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An SBAR system for H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> removal from spacecraft cabin air was studied both experimentally and theoretically. An emphasis was placed on its purgeless, deep vacuum regeneration step. Three evacuation steps were studied: 1) single ended depressurization (SED) through the feed end of the bed; 2) simultaneous dual ended depressurization (DED) through both ends of the bed; and 3) simultaneous triple ended depressurization (TED) through both ends of the bed and a port located at some axial position. TED resulted in a lower average bed pressure at the end of evacuation compared to DED, which, in turn caused more CO<sub>2</sub> to be removed. An optimal third port location also existed. The use of TED should allow the SBAR bed size to be reduced.</div>
Cartographie de la densité locale d'états photoniques de surface (2006)

International audience
[Radiological study of temporal bone in children with profound deafness before cochlear implant: CT vs magnetic resonance imaging]. (2002)

CT and MRI are essential for the pre-operative planning of cochlear implant, especially in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct, Mondini malformation, enlarged internal auditory meatus and suspected fistulae. These two imaging modalities are complementary to each other in cases with cochlear fibrosis and facial nerve dehiscence.
Formulation of β-lactam Antibiotic Encapsulated Micro- and Multiple-Emulsions, and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity against β-lactamase Producing Uropathogens (2016)

Growing incidence of β-lactam resistance mediated by Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is a major concern due to their extreme resistance towards the commonly used antibiotics. The present study was undertaken to determine the in-vitro effect of antibiotic encapsulated micro/multiple emulsions on clinical isolates of 68 ESBL and 7 MBL-producing uropathogens by agar diffusion method. The water in oil (w/o) microemulsions of amoxicillin (particle size 11-15nm) and ceftazidime (particle size 17-19nm) did not exhibit antibacterial activity. However, water in oil in water (w/o/w) multiple-emulsion of both the drugs exhibited activity. Further, the effect of glyceryl dilaurate (GDL), a lipid emulgent having inherent antibacterial activity was studied. Ceftazidime multiple emulsions, with and without GDL showed zones of inhibition against all test uropathogens in the range of 11-32mm. Amoxicillin w/o/w multiple-emulsion without GDL was found to be ineffective. However, in presence of GDL, comparatively better activity was observed with zones of inhibition in the range of 10-13mm. All micro/multiple emulsions showed a PDI (Poly Dispersity Index) between 0.1-0.3. This study hereby indicates the potential of antibiotic micro/multiple emulsions to be used effectively for intracellular targeting.
How Minimalized Extracorporeal Circulation Compares with the Off-Pump Technique in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2010)

Recognition of the adverse effects of conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC) led to the development of alternative technologies and techniques to minimize their impact while maintaining circulation during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting has become established as one such alternative and more recently minimalized extracorporeal circulation (MECC) circuits have been developed with the aim of providing circulatory support while minimizing the interface between blood and the foreign surfaces of the circuit that initiates the associated adverse effects of CECC. Recently, some authors have suggested that MECC may be an alternative to OPCAB in patients undergoing CABG; the aim of this article is to systematically analyze and compare the impact of CABG with MECC with that of OPCAB, studying the adverse outcomes related to CECC. We performed a systematic search to identify all studies directly comparing OPCAB and MECC. Endpoints were subcategorized into four key areas of interest: length of stay (LOS), hemorrhage, cerebrovascular injury, and 30-day mortality. Random effect modeling techniques were applied to identify differences in outcomes between the two groups. Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, incorporating 2,072 patients of whom 930 underwent OPCAB and 1,142 underwent revascularization supported by MECC. We found no statistically significant difference in hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, blood loss, mean number of patients transfused, neurocognitive disturbance, or 30-day mortality between the two groups but a trend toward an increased number of cerebrovascular events in the MECC group was observed. The number of studies comparing these alternative techniques for coronary revascularization is small, and there is a lack of high-quality data. Currently, there seems little difference between MECC and OPCAB but larger randomized controlled trials focusing on high-risk patients are required.
Caught in the act: The identification of the galaxies responsible for the faint blue excess (1995)

We summarise recent Hubble Space Telescope results on the morphology of faint field galaxies. Our two principle results are: (1) the galaxies responsible for the faint blue excess have late-type/irregular morphology and (2) the number counts of normal galaxies, ellipticals and early-type spirals, are well fit by standard no-evolution models implying that the giant population was in place and mature by a redshift of $\ge 0.7$.
<sup>13</sup>C‐NMR‐chemische Verschiebungen von Polymethinen. Elektronenstruktur und Lösungsmitteleinfluss (1972)

Abstract Die 13 C‐NMR‐chemischen Verschiebungen von einfachsten Polymethinen bestätigen die alternierende Elektronendichteverteilung bei diesen Verbindungen. Die Verschiebungen polarer Merocyanine sind von der Polarität des Lösungsmittels abhängig und beweisen damit eine lösungsmittelinduzierte Veränderung der Elektronenstruktur.
Sintering - Methods and Products (2012)

This book is addressed to a large and multidisciplinary audience of researchers and students dealing with or interested in sintering. Though commonly known as a method for production of objects from fines or powders, sintering is a very complex physicochemical phenomenon. It is complex because it involves a number of phenomena exhibiting themselves in various heterogeneous material systems, in a wide temperature range, and in different physical states. It is multidisciplinary research area because understanding of sintering requires a broad knowledge - from solid state physics and fluid dynamics to thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions. Finally, sintering is not only a phenomenon. As a material processing method, sintering embraces the wide group of technologies used to obtain such different products as for example iron ore agglomerate and luminescent powders. As a matter of fact, this publication is a rare opportunity to connect the researchers involved in different domains of sintering in a single book.
Administration of either anti-CD40 or interleukin-12 following lethal total body irradiation induces acute lethal toxicity affecting the gut (2002)

Interleukin (IL)-12 and antibodies against CD40 have demonstrated antitumor effects in a variety of in vivo model systems. However, both agents can also mediate significant toxicities either when used following lethal TBI or when administered in combination with other agents such as IL-2. In this study, we assessed the effects of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and IL-12 in lethally irradiated mice. Acute lethal toxicity was observed following the administration of either 10 microg anti-CD40 MoAb (FGK45) or 0.5 microg of recombinant murine (rm)IL-12 that resulted in 100% mortality of all mice within 4 to 6 days. Histological evaluation revealed destruction of the normal gut architecture in both anti-CD40 MoAb- and rmIL-12-treated mice. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in the lethally irradiated mice receiving anti-CD40 MoAb demonstrated a marked increase of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 p40, whereas mice receiving rmIL-12 demonstrated a marked increase of IFN-gamma. Lethally irradiated IL-12 p40 knock-out mice were resistant to anti-CD40-induced toxicity, suggesting that the lack of IL-12 p40 with no possibility of making functional IL- 12 p70 is key for this toxic reaction. Similarly, lethally irradiated IFN-gamma knock-out mice were completely resistant to rmIL-12-induced toxicity, suggesting that IFN-gamma is a major player in IL-12-mediated toxicity. These results suggest that both anti-CD40 MoAb and rmIL-12 induce an acute fatal toxicity characterized by similar intestinal pathology and mediated in part by IFN-gamma.
Phenotypically Silent Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 Mutations Predispose Rats to Inflammation-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Enhancing the Risk for Neointimal Transformation (2019)

In a new 2-hit model of disease, lung inflammation induced severe PAH pathology in <i>Bmpr2</i><sup>+/-</sup> rats. Endothelial transformation required the activation of canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling pathways and was characterized by 5-LO nuclear envelope translocation with enhanced leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> production. This study offers an explanation of how an environmental injury unleashes the destructive potential of an otherwise silent genetic mutation.
The effect of personality on measures of quality of life related to vision in glaucoma patients (2008)

Normal variations in personality characteristics influence how patients report their vision-specific HRQoL.
A Lean Carrier for LTE (2013)

The next major step in the evolution of LTE targets the rapidly increasing demand for mobile broadband services and traffic volumes. One of the key technologies is a new carrier type, referred to in this article as a Lean Carrier, an LTE carrier with minimized control channel overhead and cell-specific reference signals. The Lean Carrier can enhance spectral efficiency, increase spectrum flexibility, and reduce energy consumption. This article provides an overview of the motivations and main use cases of the Lean Carrier. Technical challenges are highlighted, and design options are discussed; finally, a performance evaluation quantifies the benefits of the Lean Carrier.
High-Quality Cu-Ni Solid Solution/Ag Ohmic Contacts for Flip-Chip Light-Emitting Diodes (2004)

Very low resistance and reflective Cu-Ni solid solution/Ag ohmic contacts to p-GaN for flip-chip light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated. The Cu-Ni solid solution/Ag contacts produce specific contact resistance of to Ω cm2 when annealed at 450 and 550°C for 1 min in air. LEDs fabricated with the annealed Cu-Ni solid solution/Ag contact layers give lower forward-bias voltages of 3.18-3.20 V at 20 mA. The light output power of LEDs with the Cu-Ni solid solution/Ag contact layer is higher than that of the Cu/Ag contact LEDs. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Involvement of Artemis in nonhomologous end-joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (2008)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) introduced in the switch (S) regions are intermediates during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). These breaks are subsequently recognized, processed, and joined, leading to recombination of the two S regions. Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is believed to be the principle mechanism involved in DSB repair during CSR. One important component in NHEJ, Artemis, has however been considered to be dispensable for efficient CSR. In this study, we have characterized the S recombinational junctions from Artemis-deficient human B cells. Smu-Salpha junctions could be amplified from all patients tested and were characterized by a complete lack of "direct" end-joining and a remarkable shift in the use of an alternative, microhomology-based end-joining pathway. Smu-Sgamma junctions could only be amplified from one patient who carries "hypomorphic" mutations. Although these Smu-Sgamma junctions appear to be normal, a significant increase of an unusual type of sequential switching from immunoglobulin (Ig)M, through one IgG subclass, to a different IgG subclass was observed, and the Sgamma-Sgamma junctions showed long microhomologies. Thus, when the function of Artemis is impaired, varying modes of CSR junction resolution may be used for different S regions. Our findings strongly link Artemis to the predominant NHEJ pathway during CSR.
ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. INFLUENCE OF BACTERIOPHAGE T2 ON THE SYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN HOST CELLS (1959)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Modelling The Effects Of Instruction Queue Loading On A Static Instruction Stream Micro-architecture (2005)

Increased processor performance requires the exploitation of the parallelism that exists within the instruction stream and within the processor itself: A static instruction stream micro-architecture, CONDEL, extracts and uses the machine instruction level concurrency implicit in the instruction stream. A major source of intraprocessor parallelism is the overlap of instruction execution with instruction loading. The effect of several methods of utilizing the execution/loading parallelism within the static instruction stream machine are studied: pipelining, buffered pipelining, branch buffering and instruction load limiting. The results of incorporating the different methods into the micro-architecture are shown. In addition, the results provide a more realistic performance comparison with conventional machine designs than the upper limits presented in previous work.
415 A Study of Spray Behavior and Exhaust Emissions in Pilot Injection System (2000)

Pilot injection is one method to reduce NOx and noise in DI diesel engine, but spray behavior of pilot injection is unstability because injection quantity is very small. Especially the deviation of spray shape is large in VCO nozzle. So, the relationship between the spray deviation from cylinder to cylinder for different nozzle tips (VCO, Mini sac) and HC emission in a DI diesel engine with high pressure pilot injection was investigated. Moreover, the combustion pressure and heat release rate to make clear the reasons of the experiment result was compared. As the result, it was found that the spray deviation at pilot injection is not main reason in HC deviation.