gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of protein phosphorylation by monolithic extraction columns based on poly(divinylbenzene) containing embedded titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide nano‐powders (2008)

The potential of an organic monolith with incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO(2)) nanoparticles was evaluated for the selective enrichment of phosphorylated peptides from tryptic digests. A pipette tip was fitted with a monolith based on divinylbenzene (DVB) of highly porous structure, which allows sample to pass through the monolithic bed. The enrichment of phosphopeptides was enhanced by increasing the pipetting cycles during the sample preparation and a higher recovery could be achieved with adequate buffer systems. A complete automated process was developed for enrichment of phosphopeptides leading to high reproducibility and resulting in a robust method designed to minimize analytical variance while providing high sensitivity at high sample throughput. The effect of particle size on the selectivity of phosphopeptides was investigated by comparative studies with nano- and microscale TiO(2) and ZrO(2) powders. Eleven phosphopeptides from alpha-casein digest could be recovered by an optimized mixture of microscale TiO(2)/ZrO(2) particles, whereas nine additional phosphopeptides could be retained by the same mixture of nano-structured material. When compared to conventional immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography and commercial phosphorylation-enrichment kits, higher selectivity was observed in case of self fabricated tips. About 20 phosphopeptides could be retained from alpha-casein and five from beta-casein digests by using TiO(2) and ZrO(2) based extraction tips. Further selectivity for phosphopeptides was demonstrated by enriching a digest of in vitro phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). Two phosphorylated peptides of ERK1 could be identified by MALDI-MS/MS measurements and a following MASCOT database search.
RESISTANCE OF STRAINS OF CHICKENS TO MAREK’S DISEASE (1972)

Fifteen strains of chickens were tested in three experiments for susceptibility to Marek’s disease (MD). Highly significant differences among strains and between sexes were observed for both mortality (two experiments) and total incidence (three experiments). Correlation between ranking of replicated strains for MD incidence in two experiments was significant for females and for sexes pooled but not for males. There was a significant correlation between ranking of strains exposed by contact in a controlled environment house (based on incidence of MD) with ranking of strains in a 147-day test at a field station (based on total mortality or mortality with lymphoid tumors). Cornell S strain was included in comparisons with nine other strains and was the most susceptible to MD. The Cornell K strain was significantly more resistant than two of nine strains and was significantly more susceptible than four strains.
Cdc45 Limits Replicon Usage from a Low Density of preRCs in Mammalian Cells (2011)

Little is known about mammalian preRC stoichiometry, the number of preRCs on chromosomes, and how this relates to replicon size and usage. We show here that, on average, each 100-kb of the mammalian genome contains a preRC composed of approximately one ORC hexamer, 4-5 MCM hexamers, and 2 Cdc6. Relative to these subunits, ∼0.35 total molecules of the pre-Initiation Complex factor Cdc45 are present. Thus, based on ORC availability, somatic cells contain ∼70,000 preRCs of this average total stoichiometry, although subunits may not be juxtaposed with each other. Except for ORC, the chromatin-bound complement of preRC subunits is even lower. Cdc45 is present at very low levels relative to the preRC subunits, but is highly stable, and the same limited number of stable Cdc45 molecules are present from the beginning of S-phase to its completion. Efforts to artificially increase Cdc45 levels through ectopic expression block cell growth. However, microinjection of excess purified Cdc45 into S-phase nuclei activates additional replication foci by three-fold, indicating that Cdc45 functions to activate dormant preRCs and is rate-limiting for somatic replicon usage. Paradoxically, although Cdc45 colocalizes in vivo with some MCM sites and is rate-limiting for DNA replication to occur, neither Cdc45 nor MCMs colocalize with active replication sites. Embryonic metazoan chromatin consists of small replicons that are used efficiently via an excess of preRC subunits. In contrast, somatic mammalian cells contain a low density of preRCs, each containing only a few MCMs that compete for limiting amounts of Cdc45. This provides a molecular explanation why, relative to embryonic replicon dynamics, somatic replicons are, on average, larger and origin efficiency tends to be lower. The stable, continuous, and rate-limiting nature of Cdc45 suggests that Cdc45 contributes to the staggering of replicon usage throughout S-phase, and that replicon activation requires reutilization of existing Cdc45 during S-phase.
Influence of HFE variants and cellular iron on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (2009)

Our results demonstrate that HFE polymorphisms influence the synthesis and release of MCP-1. The mechanism of action involves cellular iron status but it appears there could be additional influences such as ER stress. Finally, these data demonstrate a pharmacogenetic effect of HFE polymorphisms on the ability of minocycline to inhibit MCP-1 secretion.
Bulk switching of an amorphous semiconductor (1970)

Bulk switching of a Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> As <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">38</inf> Te <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">55</inf> amorphous semiconductor is reported. Even though the contacts are separated by 1 mm, a delay time of only 10 µs is observed. This is attributed to an active region of only 0.1-mm thickness near the positive electrode. The threshold voltage is 250 volts at room temperature.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and robotic practice in chronic stroke: The dimension of timing (2013)

In a cohort of stroke survivors, motor performance kinematics improved when tDCS was delivered prior to robotic training, but not when delivered during or after training. The temporal relationship between non-invasive brain stimulation and neurorehabilitation is important in determining the efficacy and outcome of this combined therapy.
Advancing cancer systems biology: introducing the Center for the Development of a Virtual Tumor, CViT. (2007)

Integrative cancer biology research relies on a variety of data-driven computational modeling and simulation methods and techniques geared towards gaining new insights into the complexity of biological processes that are of critical importance for cancer research. These include the dynamics of gene-protein interaction networks, the percolation of sub-cellular perturbations across scales and the impact they may have on tumorigenesis in both experiments and clinics. Such innovative 'systems' research will greatly benefit from enabling Information Technology that is currently under development, including an online collaborative environment, a Semantic Web based computing platform that hosts data and model repositories as well as high-performance computing access. Here, we present one of the National Cancer Institute's recently established Integrative Cancer Biology Programs, i.e. the Center for the Development of a Virtual Tumor, CViT, which is charged with building a cancer modeling community, developing the aforementioned enabling technologies and fostering multi-scale cancer modeling and simulation.
Effects of singlet oxygen on membrane sterols in the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2000)

Photodynamic treatment of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the singlet oxygen sensitizer toluidine blue and visible light leads to rapid oxidation of ergosterol and accumulation of oxidized ergosterol derivatives in the plasma membrane. The predominant oxidation product accumulated was identified as 5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-(22E)-ergosta-8,22-dien-3beta,7a lpha-diol (8-DED). 9(11)-dehydroergosterol (DHE) was identified as a minor oxidation product. In heat inactivated cells ergosterol is photooxidized to ergosterol epidioxide (EEP) and DHE. Disrupted cell preparations of S. cerevisiae convert EEP to 8-DED, and this activity is abolished in a boiled control indicating the presence of a membrane associated enzyme with an EEP isomerase activity. Yeast selectively mobilizes ergosterol from the intracellular sterol ester pool to replenish the level of free ergosterol in the plasma membrane during singlet oxygen oxidation. The following reaction pathway is proposed: singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of ergosterol leads to mainly the formation of EEP, which is enzymatically rearranged to 8-DED. Ergosterol 7-hydroperoxide, a known minor product of the reaction of singlet oxygen with ergosterol, is formed at a much lower rate and decomposes to give DHE. Changes of physical properties of the plasma membrane are induced by depletion of ergosterol and accumulation of polar derivatives. Subsequent permeation of photosensitizer through the plasma membrane into the cell leads to events including impairment of mitochondrial function and cell inactivation.
Dexamethasone-induced cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in lung carcinoma samples treated ex vivo (2005)

Chemotherapy for lung cancer not only has severe side effects but frequently also exhibits limited, if any clinical effectiveness. Dexamethasone (DEX) and similar glucocorticoids (GCs) such as prednisone are often used in the clinical setting, for example, as cotreatment to prevent nausea and other symptoms. Clinical trials evaluating the impact of GCs on tumour control and patient survival of lung carcinoma have never been performed. Therefore, we isolated cancer cells from resected lung tumour specimens and treated them with cisplatin in the presence or absence of DEX. Cell number of viable and dead cells was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and viability was measured by the MTT-assay. We found that DEX induced resistance toward cisplatin in all of 10 examined tumour samples. Similar results were found using gemcitabine as cytotoxic drug. Survival of drug-treated lung carcinoma cells in the presence of DEX was longlasting as examined 2 and 3 weeks after cisplatin treatment of a lung carcinoma cell line. These data corroborate recent in vitro and in vivo xenograft findings and rise additional concerns about the widespread combined use of DEX with antineoplastic drugs in the clinical management of patients with lung cancer.
Half-quadratic regularization based de-noising for high dynamic range image synthesis (2010)

It is possible to synthesis a high dynamic range (HDR) image by combining differently exposed low dynamic range (LDR) images of the same scene into one single image. For an HDR scene under low light condition, captured LDR images tend to be noisy, and the noise could usually be amplified during the synthesis process, causing severe degradation of the image quality. In order to reduce the noise during the HDR synthesis process, a de-noising scheme based on half-quadratic regularization is proposed for the synthesis of HDR images in this paper. By taking into consideration of two unique HDR image features, the proposed scheme effectively removes the noise, while the edges still being well preserved in the synthesized HDR images.
ChemInform Abstract: SELEKTIVE BLDG. DER KOHLENSTOFF‐KOHLENSTOFF‐BINDUNG DURCH ′CROSS′‐KUPPLUNG VON GRIGNARD‐REAGENZIEN MIT ORGANISCHEN HALOGENIDEN, KATALYSE DURCH NICKEL‐PHOSPHIN‐KOMPLEXE (1972)

Abstract Eine Mischung aus 0‐, m‐ oder p‐Dichlorbenzol (Ib) und Dichloro‐[ 1 ,2‐bis‐(di‐ phenylphosphino)‐äthan]‐nickel(II) als Katalysator in Äther) der bei 0°C das Butylmagnesiumbromid (II) zugesetzt wird, liefert beim Erhitzen nach 20 Std. und anschließender Hydrolyse mit verdünnter HCl o‐ (89% Ausbeute), m‐ (94%) oder p‐Di‐n‐butyl‐benzol (IIIb) (95%).
Some Aspects of Bipolar Heterothallism in Fomes Cajanderi (1971)

SUMMARYEighteen dikaryotic isolates of Fomes cajanderi Karst, from widely distributed stations in North America were utilized in a study of some aspects of sexuality in that species. Its previously reported heterothallic, bipolar mating system and genetic isolation from Fomes roseus (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Karst, were confirmed. Thirty-six monokaryotic isolates obtained from these 18 dikaryotic isolates were paired in all combinations and 25 mating types were found in the sample. The number of incompatibility factors in the population was estimated to be 33. Fruiting and pairing reactions were also studied. Basidiocarp primordia developed in some monokaryotic isolates but had no hymenium. Apparent dikaryotization of the monokaryon constituents in a series of 35 di-mon pairings was observed in all but four pairings.
A new three-phase power-factor correction (PFC) scheme using two single-phase PFC modules (2002)

In this paper, a new three-phase power-factor correction (PFC) scheme is proposed using two single-phase PFC modules. In this approach, the "three" phase input is first transformed to "two" phase by means of a 0.14-pu-rated autotransformer. Two standard single-phase PFC modules are then employed to process the "two" phase power to DC output. Split inductors and diodes are employed to limit interaction between the two PFC stages. Due to cascade operation of two PFC stages, low-frequency (120 Hz) ripple in the DC-link capacitor is cancelled. Detailed analysis and simulation results are presented. A 220-V 1.5-kVA design example along with experimental results is shown.
Monitoring-Oriented Programming: A Tool-Supported Methodology for Higher Quality Object-Oriented Software (2004)

This paper presents a tool-supported methodological paradigm for object-oriented software development, called monitoring-oriented programming and abbreviated MOP, in which runtime monitoring is a basic software design principle. The general idea underlying MOP is that software developers insert specifications in their code via annotations. Actual monitoring code is automatically synthesized from these annotations before compilation and integrated at appropriate places in the program, according to user-defined configuration attributes. This way, the specification is checked at runtime against the implementation. Moreover, violations and/or validations of specifications can trigger user-defined code at any points in the program, in particular recovery code, outputting or sending messages, or raising exceptions. \n\nThe MOP paradigm does not promote or enforce any specific formalism to specify requirements: it allows the users to plug-in their favorite or domain-specific specification formalisms via logic plug-in modules. There are two major technical challenges that MOP supporting tools unavoidably face: monitor synthesis and monitor integration. The former is heavily dependent on the specification formalism and comes as part of the corresponding logic plug-in, while the latter is uniform for all specification formalisms and depends only on the target programming language. An experimental prototype tool, called Java-MOP, is also discussed, which currently supports most but not all of the desired MOP features. MOP aims at reducing the gap between formal specification and implementation, by integrating the two and allowing them together to form a system.
The FirstOrder Delta Sigma Modulator (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Quantizers and Quantization Noise MOD1 as an ADC MOD1 as a DAC MOD1 Linear Model Simulation of MOD1 MOD1 under DC Excitation Stability of MOD1 The Effects of Finite Op-Amp Gain Decimation Filters for MOD1 Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References
Mixing length and kinematic eddy viscosity in a compressible boundary layer (1967)

The effect of Mach number on the mixing lengths and kinematic eddy viscosities in the turbulent, flat-plate boundary layer has been evaluated. Using the generalized velocities suggested by Van Driest, it was possible to correlate measured boundary-layer profiles, for a range of Reynolds numbers and Mach numbers from 0 to 5, on a single curve. From this correlation, velocity profiles at desired Reynolds and Mach numbers were generated, and the boundary-layer equations of motion were then integrated, using these profiles, to obtain the local turbulent shear stress. The local mixing lengths and kinematic eddy viscosities were subsequently evaluated from the computed shear-stress distribution. The results of this study show that within the Mach number range of 0 to 5 the effect of compressibility on the normalized, turbulent shear stress and mixing length distribution is quite small, in keeping with Morkovin's hypothesis concerning the structure of compressible turbulent shear flow. The kinematic eddy viscosity displays a more pronounced sensitivity to Mach number, but a normalizing length scale can be found such that this sensitivity is all but eliminated.
Visualization Experiments on Immiscible Gas and Water Injection by Using 2D-Fractured Glass Micromodels (2005)

Abstract Two series of flow visualization experiments were carried out to examine the behaviour of immiscible gas injection and water flooding in two-dimensional porous micromodels with fractures at various orientations. One main objective of the study was to test the validity of several contradictory speculative theories that have been proposed in the past in order to explain oil recovery in fractured reservoirs, produced as the result of gas injection or water flooding. All tests were performed under water-wet condition at various injection rates of immiscible gas and water. Our experiments indicated that the average of the maximum oil recovery obtained by immiscible gas injection is about 60%, while it is about 75% by water flooding. The experiments also suggest that, the average oil recovery during gas injection is a strong function of the fracture orientation, whereas the recovery by water flooding is not very sensitive to fracture orientation.Gas injection at rates higher than the free-gravity drainage rate results in displacement fronts that are not stable. The instability is caused by viscous fingering (channelized transport) of the displacing gas through the oil.
GeV acceleration in tapered plasma channels (2002)

To achieve multi GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in a plasma without disruption. A three-dimensional envelope equation for the laser field is derived that includes nonparaxial effects, wakefields, and relativistic nonlinearities. In the broad beam, short pulse limit the nonlinear terms in the wave equation that lead to Raman and modulation instabilities cancel. Long pulses (several plasma wavelengths) experience substantial modification due to these instabilities. The short pulse LWFA, although having smaller accelerating fields, can provide acceleration for longer distances in a plasma channel. By allowing the plasma density to increase along the propagation path electron dephasing can be deferred, increasing the energy gain. A simulation example of a GeV channel guided LWFA accelerator is presented. Simulations also show that multi-GeV energies can be achieved by optimally tapering the plasma channel.
Central and Peripheral Catecholamine Synthesizing Enzymes during the Development of Two-kidney, One Clip Hypertension in Rats (1984)

The activities of the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes have been determined in discrete brain areas and in peripheral tissues of rats, at different times after clipping the left renal artery (two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension, 2KGH) and in sham operated animals. Three days after clipping the only enzymatic change was a slight decrease in plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity. Ten days after clipping no change in enzymatic activity was found at the central level. However, the DBH and the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activities were increased in the adrenal medulla (+49.0%, P less than 0.001 and +36.6%, P less than 0.001, respectively) and DBH activity was also increased in the superior cervical ganglia (+22.8%, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that sympathetic hyperactivity is present in 2KGH rats when hypertension is established. In addition, as this type of hypertension does not alter the PNMT activity in brainstem areas, it seems that the alterations in PNMT activity reported for genetically hypertensive rats are unlikely to be secondary to the elevated blood pressure.
176. Interaction of boron and hydrogen halides with esters of boronic acids (1956)

P. B. Brindley, W. Gerrard and M. F. Lappert, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 824 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000824
A correctness proof for combinator reduction with cycles (1990)

Turner popularized a technique of Wadsworth in which a cyclic graph rewriting rule is used to implement reduction of the fixed point combinator Y . We examine the theoretical foundation of this approach. Previous work has concentrated on proving that graph methods are, in a certain sense, sound and complete implementations of term methods. This work is inapplicable to the cyclic Y rule, which is unsound in this sense since graph normal forms can exist without corresponding term normal forms. We define and prove the correctness of combinator head reduction using the cyclic Y rule; the correctness of normal reduction is an immediate consequence. Our proof avoids the use of infinite trees to explain cyclic graphs. Instead, we show how to consider reduction with cycles as an optimization of reduction without cycles.
C60 Aggregates in Pyrrolidine and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone Evidenced by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scaterring Spectra (2004)

At room temperature, soluted C60in pyrrolidine and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone associates slowly in stable aggregates. The process originates in the charge transfer from the solvent molecules as electron donors towards fullerene. In the aggregate phase the intermolecular interactions lead to a large reduction in parent IhC60symmetry such that a modified phonon spectrum is observed. Using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering we demonstrate that the Raman range below 800 cm−1is most diagnostic for aggregate assignment. In particular, the strong decrease of the radial breathing mode and appearance of new bands at 110 and 93 cm−1due to the interball interactions must be noticed.