gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Naloxone on Respiratory Sensation before and after a Removal of Severe Respiratory Stress (2005)

Severe respiratory stress causes dyspnea, and a sudden release of this stress frequently accompanies a euphoric sensation. We hypothesized that acute severe respiratory stress may result in an elaboration of endogenous opioids within the central nervous system, and that these opioids may play significant roles in relieving dyspnea and generating euphoric sensation after a sudden removal of the stress. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, I.V.) and the placebo (normal saline) on changes in respiratory sensation before and after the release of severe respiratory stress in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study in 14 healthy adults. Acute severe respiratory stress was induced by loaded breathing with a combination of resistive loading and hypercapnia. The subjects rated their changes in sensation by using a bidirectional visual analogue scale. Naloxone pretreatment affected neither the ventilation nor the development of dyspneic sensation during loaded breathing. Naloxone pretreatment only slightly attentuated the euphoric sensation developed after the release of severe respiratory stress. These findings suggest a small role of opioids in relieving dyspnea and in generating euphoria before and after a sudden removal of stress.
99mTc-mebrofenin scintigraphy for evaluating liver disease in a rat model of Wilson's disease. (2002)

Correlation of (99m)Tc-mebrofenin handling with liver morphology, function, and copper accumulation in LEC rats suggests that mebrofenin scintigraphy can be useful for noninvasively monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response in Wilson's disease. Although the data were obtained in an animal model of Wilson' disease, these biochemical parameters likely reflect liver damage in general, suggesting that there may be a role for mebrofenin scintigraphy in other chronic liver diseases as well.
Formation of a metastable ordered surface phase due to competitive diffusion and adsorption kinetics: Oxygen on Pd(100) (1987)

A metastable c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) structure is formed by atomic oxygen on Pd(100) under conditions of slow diffusion combined with rapid adsorption. We propose that formation of the c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) under these conditions must be controlled by characteristics of the dissociative adsorption event itself.
Similarity searches in genome-wide numerical data sets (2006)

We present psi-square, a program for searching the space of gene vectors. The program starts with a gene vector, i.e., the set of measurements associated with a gene, and finds similar vectors, derives a probabilistic model of these vectors, then repeats search using this model as a query, and continues to update the model and search again, until convergence. When applied to three different pathway-discovery problems, psi-square was generally more sensitive and sometimes more specific than the ad hoc methods developed for solving each of these problems before.
Identification and functional analysis of an EMT-accelerating factor induced in pancreatic cancer cells by an anticancer agent (2016)

膵癌難治性の根底には腫瘍細胞の高い増殖能，強度の浸潤性，抗がん剤・放射線耐性と高転移性がある．このようながん細胞の生物学的特性にはepithelial mesenchymal transition（EMT）が関連していることが知られている．我々は膵癌細胞にゲムシタビン（GEM）を作用させるとEMT様の形態，機能変化が誘導されることを見出した．本研究では，GEMが癌細胞にEMT様変化を誘導する分子機構を検討することを目的として，膵癌細胞の培地のプロテオーム解析を行った．GEM投与により，培地中の多数種の蛋白質が減少したのに対し，熱ショック蛋白質90（HSP90）は増加した．HSP90の組み換え蛋白質を膵癌細胞に添加したところ，EMT様の形態変化とvimentin発現を誘導し，細胞遊走能は亢進した．以上の結果より，GEMが膵癌細胞からHSP90の分泌を誘導することでEMT様変化を来す可能性が考えられ，ひいてはがん治療戦略として，抗がん剤に対する細胞反応を考慮した治療方策が必要であることを示唆している．
A conserved salt bridge in the G-loop of multiple protein kinases is essential for catalysis, in vivo Lyn function and prevention of autoimmune disease (84.17) (2009)

Abstract The glycine-rich G-loop controls ATP binding and phosphate transfer in protein kinases. Here we show that the functions of Src family and Abl protein tyrosine kinases require an electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged amino acids within their G loops that is conserved in multiple other phylogenetically distinct protein kinases from plants to humans. By limiting G-loop flexibility, it controls ATP binding, catalysis and inhibition by ATP-competitive compounds such as Imatinib. In WeeB mice, mutational disruption of the interaction results in expression of a Lyn protein with reduced catalytic activity, and in perturbed B cell receptor signaling. Like Lyn-/- mice, WeeB mice show profound defects in B cell development and function and succumb to autoimmune glomerulonephritis. This demonstrates the physiological importance of the conserved G-loop salt bridge and at the same time distinguishes the in vivo requirement for the Lyn kinase activity from other potential functions of the protein.
Granular Cell Tumor: An Immunohistochemical Study (1994)

The immunophenotypic profile constantly observed could be the expression, on one hand, of the neuroectodermic nature of the neoplasm, proven by positivity for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase and vimentin, and on the other could be the expression of the phagocytic activity of the tumor cell, proven by positivity for KP1 and PG-M1 antibodies and also by the presence of numerous phagolysosomes.
Concept of a hybrid architecture for Care-O-bot (2001)

Care-O-bot is the prototype of a multi-functional robot assistant for housekeeping and home care, to be used by elderly people in order to live independently in their homes for a longer time. Therefore, an easy, intuitive, and dependable operation of the home care system is essential. Care-O-bot has to cope with many different situations and has to fufill complex tasks even in dynamic environments. Furthermore, the robotic assistant must be able to execute not only single tasks at a time but several tasks concurrently. In this paper we present the concept for hybrid control architecture appropriate for performing different tasks over long periods of time. Furthermore we show our experience with JAM on the robot assistant rob@work, which was presented successfully at the Hannover Trade Fair 2001 and conclude with the need of a symbolic planner for robotic assistants.
Muscle growth and genetic regulation. (2000)

This chapter discusses the stages and known control systems of muscle development and specific genes which regulate muscle growth in ruminants. It also presents the three phases of muscle development (determination of progenitor cells, proliferation of myoblast and differentiation and growth of muscle fibres) and hypertrophy.
Direct Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection: Practical Applicability of a Double Polymerase Chain Reaction* (1992)

A double polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been devised for the direct detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The assay was directly performed on blood leukocytes, avoiding the DNA-purification procedures. The PCR products were identified by gel-electrophoresis and the specificity of the test was confirmed by hybridization with a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe. When testing the sensitivity of PCR, less than eight genome copies of the provirus were detected in the background of two million negative lymphocytes. In a BLV infected herd 22 animals of various age groups were examined by the indirect (serological) diagnostic tests of agar-gel immunodiffusion and indirect ELISA as well as by the direct detection method of PCR. The tests were repeated at monthly intervals on five occasions. When examining the specimens from cows and heifers, a close agreement was found between the results of the various methods. The newborn calves, which were the offspring of BLV infected mothers, were consequently negative in PCR throughout the experimental period. However, in the indirect tests the calves were positive during the first samplings and became negative only around four months of age. Since the indirect tests can not discriminate infection from colostral immunity, PCR proved to be a useful complementary assay for the safe diagnosis of BLV infection in young calves.
A new paradigm: near-complete recycling of spent fuel - A path to sustainable nuclear energy (2007)

Recent studies indicate that maximized recycling, where more than 95% of the components of spent nuclear fuel are reused, can be economically justified and can reduce the mass of waste products by a substantial amount. The potentially removable and reusable components include the uranium, zirconium from the cladding, structural hardware, certain noble metal fission products, and the transuranic radionuclides. The approach to maximizing recycle and minimizing emissions and wastes should improve public acceptance of nuclear energy. (authors)
Large size LSO:Ce scintillators and YSO:Ce for 50 MeV range gamma-ray detector (2003)

LSO:Ce and LYSO:Ce has been proposed as a perspective pre-shower detector for search for /spl mu/+/spl rarr/e/sup +/ /spl gamma/ decay with the branching-ratio sensitivity of 10/sup -14/ at PSI (Villigen, Switzerland). The detection involves 52.8 MeV /spl gamma/-rays. To study the response of the crystals to high energy /spl gamma/-rays we have chosen Pu-Be neutron source which due to a /sup 9/Be(/spl alpha/,n) reaction gives monoenergetic 4.439 MeV /spl gamma/-rays. We have studied the response of /spl phi/60/spl times/10 mm YSO:0.2%Ce crystal and half disk of /spl phi/60/spl times/10 mm LSO:0.2%Ce. Despite the large background of /sup 176/Lu the high energy /spl gamma/-rays can be detected efficiently. We have also studied the response to lower energy /spl gamma/-rays (from /sup 137/Cs and /sup 60/Co sources) and found the conditions of optimum work, YSO crystal detects 4.439 MeV /spl gamma/-rays primarily by double 511 keV escapes that form a distinct peak on energy spectrum.
Implications of chronic daily anti-oxidant administration on the inflammatory response to intracortical microelectrodes (2015)

Overall, our chronic daily anti-oxidant dosing scheme resulted in improvements in neuronal viability surrounding implanted microelectrodes, which could result in improved device performance. However, due to the discovery of thread-like adhesions, further work is still required to optimize a chronic anti-oxidant dosing regime for the application of intracortical microelectrodes.
Motion control of passive mobile robot with multiple casters based on feasible braking force and moment (2010)

We introduce a passive mobile robot called CPRP (Caster-type Passive Robot Porter). This robot consists of multiple casters with servo brakes and a controller. C-PRP employs passive dynamics with respect to the force applied by a human. Its appropriate motion is controlled using the servo brakes. In this paper, we derive and analyze a feasible braking force/moment that can be applied to the robot on the basis of the characteristics of the servo brakes. In addition, we propose a motion control algorithm for C-PRP based on the analysis of this feasible braking force/moment. This algorithm is independent of the number of casters. The proposed algorithm is applied to a four-wheeled C-PRP and the experimental results confirm its validity.
Local Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) and Angiolytic KTP Laser Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis of the Vocal Folds: A Prospective Study (2011)

This prospective investigation provided evidence that bevacizumab injections enhanced KTP laser treatment of glottal papillomatosis without systemic or local complications. Coupling the antiangiogenesis agent bevacizumab with KTP laser photoangiolysis is conceptually synergistic and scientifically promising since the mechanisms of action are complementary.
Predicting back pain: the relationshipof baseline imaging to 3-year back pain incidence from the longitudinal assessmentof imaging and disabilityof the back (laidback) study (2008)

Infant lung samples were obtained at autopsy by medical examiner pathologists in five areas of the United States regardless of the cause of death. Lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Sixty cases were evaluated for the study. The four sections examined for each case were taken from the anterior and posterior aspects of the right and left upper lung lobes. Histologic sections were scored for the extent of alveolar hemorrhage using the following scoring system: 0, no hemorrhage; 1, focal hemorrhage but less than score 2; 2, patchy, focal hemorrhage not present throughout the section; 3, focal hemorrhage more extensive than score 2 but not meeting the criteria for score 4; 4, patchy focal hemorrhage distributed throughout the section; 5, more extensive hemorrhage than score 4 but not meeting the criteria for score 6; 6, diffuse hemorrhage throughout the section. Total possible scores ranged from 0 to 24. Intraalveolar hemorrhage was observed in 40 cases. Overall, the mean score for the 60 cases was 5 (range, 0-24); for the 40 cases with hemorrhage, 7 (range, 1-24). Scores were compared with other descriptive variables like cause of death; interval between onset of fatal events and death; whether resuscitation was attempted; and pulmonary macrophage counts and hemosiderin scores reported in earlier studies of the same cases. In none of the 60 cases was death attributed to pulmonary hemorrhage or hemosiderosis. Pulmonary hemorrhage tends to be common among deceased infants; more prominent when there is medical treatment or resuscitation during the agonal period; infant position may partially explain distribution of hemorrhage in lungs; postmortem interval may exacerbate pulmonary hemorrhage; and infant deaths caused by acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage (AIPH) or pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis (PHH) probably are rare. Specific case definitions for AIPH and PHH are needed, along with further study of these conditions.
Overview of the Oral HIV/AIDS Research Alliance Program (2011)

The Oral HIV/AIDS Research Alliance is part of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the largest HIV clinical trial organization in the world, and it is funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, in collaboration with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The alliance's main objective is to investigate the oral complications associated with HIV/AIDS as the epidemic is evolving-in particular, the effects of potent antiretrovirals on the development of oral mucosal lesions and associated fungal and viral pathogens. Furthermore, oral fluids are being explored for their potential monitoring and diagnostic role with respect to HIV disease and coinfections. This article presents an overview of the alliance, its scientific agenda, and an outline of the novel interventional and noninterventional clinical studies ongoing and developing within the AIDS Clinical Trials Group infrastructure in the United States and internationally.
Robust Image Restoration Based on Concept of M-Estimation and Parametric Model of Image Spectrum (1998)

The paper presents robust approach to image restoration problem that combines the properties of classical regularized iterative algorithms and robust features based on the concept of M-estimators.The proposed approach makes possible to suppress the influence of impulse noise on restoration process.To enhance the convergence rate of iterations, remove ringing effect and preserve edges and fine details in the restored image the parametric constrain on amplitude image spectrum is used that bounds from below the energy of the restored image at high frequencies opposite regularization.The robustness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated.
Primary structure of the human fgr proto-oncogene product p55c-fgr. (1988)

Normal human c-fgr cDNA clones were constructed by using normal peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA as a template. Nucleotide sequence analysis of two such clones revealed a 1,587-base-pair-long open reading frame which predicted the primary amino acid sequence of the c-fgr translational product. Homology of this protein with the v-fgr translational product stretched from codons 128 to 516, where 32 differences among 388 codons were observed. Sequence similarity with human c-src, c-yes, and fyn translational products began at amino acid position 76 of the predicted c-fgr protein and extended nearly to its C-terminus. In contrast, the stretch of 75 amino acids at the N-terminus demonstrated a greatly reduced degree of relatedness to these same proteins. To verify the deduced amino acid sequence, antibodies were prepared against peptides representing amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of the predicted c-fgr translational product. Both antibodies specifically recognized a 55-kilodalton protein expressed in COS-1 cells transfected with a c-fgr cDNA expression plasmid. Moreover, the same protein was immunoprecipitated from an Epstein-Barr virus-infected Burkitt's lymphoma cell line which expressed c-fgr mRNA but not in its uninfected fgr mRNA-negative counterpart. These findings identified the 55-kilodalton protein as the product of the human fgr protooncogene.
Organs‐on‐a‐Chip: InVADE: Integrated Vasculature for Assessing Dynamic Events (Adv. Funct. Mater. 46/2017) (2017)

In article 1703524, Milica Radisic, Boyang Zhang, and co-workers present a user-friendly 96-well plate platform (InVADE, Integrated Vasculature for Assessing Dynamic Events) that utilizes a single vascularized scaffold to replicate in vivo like drug transfer and cell trafficking between multiple organs. Offering highly reproducible in vivo simulation of complex multi-organ biological events, this platform is promising for drug evaluation.
Biochemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma (2008)

Although this was a small study, our results, especially the high complete response and overall response rates, indicate that biochemotherapy for advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma should be considered as a systemic treatment option for patients with this aggressive malignancy.
Precancer in Mice: Animal Models Used to Understand, Prevent, and Treat Human Precancers (2006)

We present a status report from the NCI Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium (MMHCC) Precancers Workshop held November 8 and 9, 2004. An expert panel, the Mouse Models Group (MMG) evaluated the status of mouse models of precancer emphasizing genetically engineered mouse models, especially of lining epithelium and their utilitarian value to human carcinogenesis. An outline of the background for the panel's considerations is provided with examples of past and current precancerous lesions in mice. The experimental use of oncogenic viruses and chemical carcinogens in mice led to operational definitions of initiation, promotion, and preneoplasia Preneoplastic and precancerous lesions are found in these models. In this precancer concept, most preneoplastic lesions are considered as potentially precancerous or at least an earlier stage in cancer development than typical pre-invasive epithelial lesions, which are often seen in these mouse models. Genetically engineered mice, used to test the oncogenicity of individual genes, develop precancers that are initiated by defined molecular and histopathologic changes. The mouse can be used to isolate and study precancers in detail, thereby providing a level of biological understanding not readily available in clinical disease. These studies suggest that genetically engineered mice are very useful preclinical models for chemoprevention and therapy.
Persulfuration of phosphinines: Synthesis and X‐ray crystal structure analysis of a P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> derivative (1990)

Abstract The reaction of 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylphosphinine with sulfur in boiling benzene in the presence of N‐methylimidazole as a catalyst first yields a P‐sulfide. This monosulfide further reacts with sulfur to give a diphosphinine trisulfide and a diphosphinine tetrasulfide. The X‐ray crystal structure analysis of the trisulfide has been carried out. The two head‐to‐tail 1,6‐dihydrophosphinine rings are connected by PSC and PC links, thus forming a central 1,2,4‐thiadiphospholane heterocycle. The PC bridge is weak [1.881(3) Å] and sulfur can insert into it to give the symmetrical tetrasulfide with two PSC bridges.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Relationship with Severity of Injury and Quality of Life: A Prospective, Observational Study (2016)

This single-center prospective observational study aims to describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population and identify any relationship between vitamin D and severity of head injury or quality of life. One hundred twenty-four TBI patients had serum vitamin D (25-OHD) levels measured at the local post-TBI endocrine screening clinic over 20 months. Quality of Life after Brain Injury questionnaires were completed by the patient concurrently. A multivariate regressional analysis was performed, controlling for age, season, ethnicity, time since injury, TBI severity, and gender. A total of 34% (n = 42) of the cohort were vitamin D deficient (25-OHD <25 nmol/L), with a further 23% (n = 29) having insufficient levels (25-OHD 25-50 nmol/L). Vitamin D was significantly lower in patients with severe TBI than in patients with mild TBI (n = 95; p = 0.03; confidence interval [CI] 95% -23.60 to -1.21; mean effect size 12.40 nmol/L). There was a trend for self-reported quality of life to be better in patients with optimum vitamin D levels than in patients with deficient vitamin D levels, controlling for severity of injury (n = 81; p = 0.05; CI 95% -0.07 to 21.27). This is the first study to identify a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and severity of head injury. Clinicians should actively screen for and treat VDD in head-injured patients to reduce the risk of further morbidity, such as osteomalacia and cardiovascular disease. Future research should establish the natural history of vitamin D levels following TBI to identify at which stage VDD develops and whether vitamin D replacement could have a beneficial effect on recovery and quality of life.
Mesomorphic Properties of Dialkyl and Alkyl Alkoxy Phenyl trans-Cyclohexylmethyl Ethers (1982)

Abstract The mesomorphic properties of 4-n-alkyl and 4-n-alkoxy phenyl trans-4-n-alkyl cyclohexylmethyl ethers are briefly described. They show nematic and smectic phases. Their clearing points are lower than the corresponding phenyl cyclohexanoates but higher than the cyclohexyl cyclohexylmethyl ethers. Their tendency to form smectic phases as well as the thermo-dynamical stability of their mesophases are intermediate between those of the phenyl cyclohexanoates and the cyclohexyl cyclohexylmethyl ethers.
Air Lens vs Aspheric Surface: A Lens Design Case Study (2017)

We discuss the behavior of air lenses in lens design.The structural aberration coefficients of a thin air lens are derived and compared with their glass thin lens counterpart.Examples are provided for a telephoto lens and the Monochromatic Quartet where air lenses or aspheric surfaces are used.
Studies on Automatic Titration.II. (1954)

Automatic differential potentiometric titration apparatus in the preceeding report(J.Chem.Soc.Japan, Ind., 55, 189, (1952))dealt with an apparatus of piston-driven injector type burette, in which, when the potential difference of the solution reached a certain voltage, the potential is vaccum tabe amplified to move the relay, the piston in the burette is pushed by the mechanism of revolving shaft, connecting to the press of an automatic recording tape until the action of relay is stopped, to give the volume of titrating solution to the end point by taking 1/2 length of the recorded tape.In the present report, a smooth atomatization is effected by decreasing the rotation of shaft for diminishing the pushing speed of the piston to one-half by an automatic change of gear attached to the schaft of the relaying motor and the volume of titrating solution is automatically indicated by the counter mechanism attached to the rotating shaft.