gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and reactions of silyl carbamates. 1. Chemoselective transformation of amino protecting groups via tert-butyldimethylsilyl carbamates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and reactions of silyl carbamates. 1. Chemoselective transformation of amino protecting groups via tert-butyldimethylsilyl carbamatesMasahiro Sakaitani and Yasufumi OhfuneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3, 870–876Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00290a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6652Altmetric-Citations246LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetics of the Nitrous Oxide–Hydrogen Reaction (1969)

The reaction of hydrogen with nitrous oxide was studied behind incident shock waves over the temperature range 1700°–2600°K. Experimentally, the concentration profiles of OH and the concentration of NO after the decomposition of N2O were measured by uv absorption. The OH profiles have qualitatively similar features to those determined in the H2–O2 reaction. The concentration of NO after the disappearance of N2O remains constant for several hundred microseconds. Interpretation of the experiments was based on a mechanism which contains the currently accepted data on the H2–O2 reaction and four additional reactions. Computer calculations show that the rate constants for the reaction O+N2O→ lim k32NO as cited in the current literature are too low. The magnitude of k3 determined in this work is consistent with published data on the reverse reaction, and k3 = 6.3 × 1014exp(− 26 700 / RT) cm3mole−1·sec−1 is believed to be correct to within a factor of 3 between 1700° and 4000°K. The present investigation also permitted estimation of the constant for the reaction H+N2O→ lim k5OH+N2. If the literature rate constants for the H2–O2 system are assumed to be correct the best fit to our data is achieved with k5 = 4.0 × 1013exp(− 12 000 / RT). However, a number of inconsistencies remain in the lower temperature range which cannot be reconciled within the framework of the assumed mechanism. These are similar to difficulties which were reported by others on the H2–O2 reaction.
Molecular Recognition of PTS-1 Cargo Proteins by Pex5p: Implications for Protein Mistargeting in Primary Hyperoxaluria (2015)

Peroxisomal biogenesis and function critically depends on the import of cytosolic proteins carrying a PTS1 sequence into this organelle upon interaction with the peroxin Pex5p. Recent structural studies have provided important insights into the molecular recognition of cargo proteins by Pex5p. Peroxisomal import is a key feature in the pathogenesis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), where alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) undergoes mitochondrial mistargeting in about a third of patients. Here, we study the molecular recognition of PTS1 cargo proteins by Pex5p using oligopeptides and AGT variants bearing different natural PTS1 sequences, and employing an array of biophysical, computational and cell biology techniques. Changes in affinity for Pex5p (spanning over 3-4 orders of magnitude) reflect different thermodynamic signatures, but overall bury similar amounts of molecular surface. Structure/energetic analyses provide information on the contribution of ancillary regions and the conformational changes induced in Pex5p and the PTS1 cargo upon complex formation. Pex5p stability in vitro is enhanced upon cargo binding according to their binding affinities. Moreover, we provide evidence that the rational modulation of the AGT: Pex5p binding affinity might be useful tools to investigate mistargeting and misfolding in PH1 by pulling the folding equilibria towards the native and peroxisomal import competent state.
The effects of field inversion electrophoresis on small DNA fragment mobility and its relevance to DNA polymorphism research. (1988)

The electrophoretic mobility of several DNA size markers of molecular lengths from 1.23 x 10(2) to 2.36 x 10(4) base pairs has been investigated in gels of 1% and 1.3% agarose (w/v) by field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE), in vertical slabs. Pulsing times studied were in the range of 0.3/0.1 ms to 300/100 ms. (Pulsing times are given in milliseconds, as X/Y, where X is the forward pulsing time and Y is the reverse time.) FIGE differentially retards DNA migration: this effect is more marked for shorter pulsing times, and varies as a function of molecular length of the DNA fragment, down to fragments as small as about 1.7 kb, with the pulsing times we used. Several FIGE conditions were found which generate improved resolution of DNA fragments in different size ranges. DNA separation improves by more than a factor of two for fragments of 23.1-9.4 kb (with 300/100 ms pulsing) and for fragments of 4.4-2.0 kb (3/1 ms). FIGE does not seem to have a marked resolution enhancing effect on DNA sized from 9.4-4.4 kb. An example of improved detection of closely spaced bands on Southern blots is shown.
Negligible Genetic Diversity of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Host Immune System Protein Targets: Evidence of Limited Selective Pressure (2000)

A common theme in medical microbiology is that the amount of amino acid sequence variation in proteins that are targets of the host immune system greatly exceeds that found in metabolic enzymes or other housekeeping proteins. Twenty-four Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes coding for targets of the host immune system were sequenced in 16 strains representing the breadth of genomic diversity in the species. Of the 24 genes, 19 were invariant and only six polymorphic nucleotide sites were identified in the 5 genes that did have variation. The results document the highly unusual circumstance that prominent M. tuberculosis antigenic proteins have negligible structural variation worldwide. The data are best explained by a combination of three factors: (i) evolutionarily recent global dissemination in humans, (ii) lengthy intracellular quiescence, and (iii) active replication in relatively few fully immunocompetent hosts. The very low level of amino acid diversity in antigenic proteins may be cause for optimism in the difficult fight to control global tuberculosis.
Multiple Description Trellis-Coded Quantization of Sinusoidal Parameters (2008)

A new scheme for sinusoidal audio coding named multiple description spherical trellis-coded quantization is proposed and analytic expressions for the point densities and expected distortion of the quantizers are derived based on a high-resolution assumption. The proposed quantizers are of variable dimensions meaning that any number of sinusoids can be quantized jointly for each audio segment whereby a lower distortion is achieved compared to previously published scalar spherical quantizers. The quantizers are designed to minimize a perceptual distortion measure subject to an entropy constraint for a given packet-loss probability. In experiments, the performance of the quantizers is assessed and compared to the corresponding single description spherical quantizer and associated bounds under various conditions and is found to increase robustness towards packet-loss.
Possibility of Improving Thermal Efficiency by Non-isometric Compression/Expansion Engine : 1^<st> Report: Experimental Analysis (2004)

In reciprocating internal combustion engines, the piston stops in a moment at top dead center, so there exists a necessary time to proceed combustion. However more slowing piston motion around top dead center, does it have a possibility to increase cylinder pressure and may lead to an increase of degree of constant volume? In order to verify this idea, the engine with slower piston motion by active piston control was tested. It was revealed that the increased heat loss cancelled out all other favorable features such as lower pumping loss and increase in degree of constant volume.
Risk Factors for Ophthalmic Complications in Patients With Burns (2010)

A retrospective study of patients admitted to MetroHealth Medical Center was performed to identify the risk factors for short- and long-term ophthalmologic complications related to burn injury. From 2000 to 2007, the authors identified 293 patients with the inclusion criteria of facial burns, TBSA ≥20%, or smoke inhalation injury. Seventy (24%) developed ocular complications, and 16 (11%) developed long-term complications. Statistically significant risk factors identified for short-term complications were burn size, chemical burns, depth of facial burns, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, and need for mechanical ventilation/sedation. Risk factors for long-term complications included wound infection with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter, third-degree burn size, hours to ophthalmology evaluation, LOS, time on mechanical ventilation, and need for STSG. In addition to facial burns, the requirement of mechanical ventilation, prolonged sedation, and presence of infection with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter increase the risk of injury to the eye after burn injury, and these patients may benefit from serial eye examinations for early identification of ocular complications.
LXIV.—The solubility of isomeric organic compounds and of mixtures of sodium and potassium nitrates, and the relation of solubility to fusibility (1888)

Thos. Carnelley and A. Thomson, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1888, 53, 782 DOI: 10.1039/CT8885300782
An inhibitor of the toxicity of tumour necrosis factor in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and Crohn's disease (1990)

The activated macrophages present in the T cell-dependent granulomata of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are primed for enhanced release of cytokines including tumour necrosis factor (TNF or cachectin). Release of this cytokine can induce an acute-phase response, fever, and necrosis in suitably prepared sites of inflammation; if chronic, its presence may contribute to weight loss. These clinical features are characteristic of tuberculosis, but not of sarcoidosis, though alveolar macrophages from both diseases release large quantities of TNF in vitro. We therefore postulated the presence in sarcoidosis patients of an inhibitor of TNF. We have studied levels of TNF inhibitory activity by determining the quantity of TNF required to give 50% kill of L929 cells in the presence of 20% heat-inactivated serum derived from various disease states (37 sarcoidosis, 13 tuberculosis, 13 Crohn's disease, 17 healthy donors). Normal sera used in this way do not inhibit significantly, but inhibition of TNF toxicity is caused by most sera from both sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Used at 20%, five out of 37 sarcoidosis sera and one out of 13 tuberculosis sera caused complete inhibition of TNF, even when the latter was added at 100 times the concentration required to give 50% kill in control wells. This inhibitor may have an important physiological role.
Rapid diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis by a T-cell interferon-g release assay on cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells (2008)

Background: Central nervous system tuberculosis remains a clinical diagnostic challenge. The ex vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) is a novel assay for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) -specific T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. However, when performed on peripheral blood, this assay can not distinguish between active tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis infection.
A psychophysical validation of tone mapping operators using a high dynamic range display (2004)

No abstract available.
Relationship between defective mouse mammary tumor virus envelope glycoprotein synthesis and GRP78 synthesis in glucocorticoid-treated mouse lymphoma cells. Evidence for translational control of GRP78 synthesis. (1993)

We have found that synthesis of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, GRP78, was increased following glucocorticoid treatment of S49 and W7MG1 mouse lymphoma cell lines. These lines synthesized a 74-kDa mouse mammary tumor virus envelope glycoprotein precursor, Pr74, both constitutively and in response to glucocorticoid treatment. In these cell lines, nascent Pr74 was not processed normally but was retained within the endoplasmic reticulum where it was bound stably by GRP78. GRP78 synthesis was not increased following glucocorticoid treatment of the W7.2 mouse lymphoma cell line, which does not synthesize Pr74, suggesting that the increase in GRP78 synthesis following glucocorticoid treatment of S49 and W7MG1 cells was secondary to the glucocorticoid-induced increase in Pr74 synthesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the glucocorticoid-induced increase in Pr74 synthesis preceded the increase in GRP78 synthesis. Also, there was a direct correlation between the level of GRP78 synthesis and the level of Pr74 synthesis among multiple subclones of the W7-ENV/N line. This line was derived from the W7.2 line by retroviral mediated transfer of a constitutively expressed sequence encoding a defective form of Pr74 that was bound stably by GRP78 within the endoplasmic reticulum. An elevation in the steady state level of GRP78 mRNA was not detected either in glucocorticoid-treated S49 cells and W7MG1 cells or in subclones of the W7-ENV/N line that have an increased level of GRP78 synthesis. Therefore, it appears that the binding of Pr74 to GRP78 induces an increase in GRP78 synthesis that is regulated at a translational level, rather than at a transcriptional level.
Anti-Murine Thymocyte Globulin Prevents Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Induces Foxp3+ T Cells in Target Organs. (2007)

Abstract Rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulins (ATG) (Thymoglobulin®) are widely used for treatment and prevention of solid organ transplant rejection. However, more recently these therapies have been shown to also reduce the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, dose and schedule of ATG administration in the clinic has not been well defined, and thus, the studies reported here were undertaken to explore optimal dosing and timing regimens as well as possible mechanisms of action of anti-thymocyte globulin in an in vivo murine model of GVHD. We demonstrate that a murine version of ATG, rabbit anti-murine thymocyte globulin (mATG), completely inhibits the development of acute GVHD in a model of allosplenocyte transfer into immunodeficient recipient mice (C57BL/6→BALB/c RAG-2−/ −). This protection is observed even when mATG administration is delayed for up to three days following allosplenocyte transfer. Administration of mATG six or more days following induction of GVHD still ameliorates disease in up to 50% of the animals, depending on the timing of mATG treatment. Murine ATG also remains completely protective down to doses of 1mg/kg if administered at the time of allosplenocyte transfer. Although T cell depletion is still observed at this low, but efficacious dose of mATG, we also find significant increases in Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells in the spleen (30 fold over control) as well as increased Foxp3+ expression in liver and intestines (3 fold over control). These results demonstrate a potent protective effect of murine ATG in this model of acute GVHD and suggest that the induction of regulatory T cells may participate in the protective effects observed.
Functional Analysis of the <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> MG312 Protein Reveals a Specific Requirement of the MG312 N-Terminal Domain for Gliding Motility (2007)

The human pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium is known to mediate cell adhesion to target cells by the attachment organelle, a complex structure also implicated in gliding motility. The gliding mechanism of M. genitalium cells is completely unknown, but recent studies have begun to elucidate the components of the gliding machinery. We report the study of MG312, a cytadherence-related protein containing in the N terminus a box enriched in aromatic and glycine residues (EAGR), which is also exclusively found in MG200 and MG386 gliding motility proteins. Characterization of an MG_312 deletion mutant obtained by homologous recombination has revealed that the MG312 protein is required for the assembly of the M. genitalium terminal organelle. This finding is consistent with the intermediate-cytadherence phenotype and the complete absence of gliding motility exhibited by this mutant. Reintroduction of several MG_312 deletion derivatives into the MG_312 null mutant allowed us to identify two separate functional domains: an N-terminal domain implicated in gliding motility and a C-terminal domain involved in cytadherence and terminal organelle assembly functions. In addition, our results also provide evidence that the EAGR box has a specific contribution to mycoplasma cell motion. Finally, the presence of a conserved ATP binding site known as a Walker A box in the MG312 N-terminal region suggests that this structural protein could also play an active function in the gliding mechanism.
Analysis of Transient Radiation Upset in a 2K SRAM (1985)

Experimental characterization of the effects of power supply interconnect resistance on the transient radiation induced upset level of a 2K SRAM and correlations with rail span collapse simulations are presented. The results show that the dose-rate upset threshold increases if columns of RAM cells are isolated from the Vss supply grid. The magnitude of this increase is predicted well by computer simulations.
Fruit and Soil Quality of Organic and Conventional Strawberry Agroecosystems (2010)

Our findings show that the organic strawberry farms produced higher quality fruit and that their higher quality soils may have greater microbial functional capability and resilience to stress. These findings justify additional investigations aimed at detecting and quantifying such effects and their interactions.
Dependence of Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension on Local Arteriovenous Pressure Gradient in Normal Subjects (1981)

1. We studied the relationship between transcutaneous oxygen tension at the foot and local arteriovenous pressure difference in 15 normal men and women; arteriovenous pressure difference was varied by changing the height of the foot with respect to the heart and by applying external pressure to the foot. 2. Control transcutaneous oxygen tension was 67 +/- 9 SD mmHg (8.9 +/- 1.2 kPa) at a control arteriovenous pressure difference of 80 +/- 6 SD mmHg (10.6 +/- 0.8 kPa). 3. In every subject transcutaneous oxygen tension fell non-linearly with a decrease in arteriovenous pressure difference; transcutaneous oxygen tension was relatively insensitive to changes in arteriovenous pressure difference when arteriovenous pressure difference was high, but always fell sharply to zero at some positive arteriovenous pressure difference [range 13-34 mmHg (1.7-4.5 kPa)]. 4. An analysis of the data indicated that transcutaneous oxygen tension varied with arteriovenous pressure difference approximately as the oxygen tension of cutaneous venous blood under the sensor varied (in the absence of changes in cutaneous vascular resistance and oxygen consumption). 5. This analysis was supported by studies in three subjects in whom the oxygen tension of superficial venous drainage from a warmed hand or foot was measured along with transcutaneous oxygen tension while arteriovenous pressure difference was varied.
Design challenges for mobile communication devices (2006)

System on Chips (SoC) for mobile devices, such as GSM/EDGE/UMTS, have strongly conflicting requirements. On one hand the demand for processing performance is steadily increasing with every new standard and on the other hand extremely low power dissipation is demanded. The performance demands vary strongly, depending on the phone modes and activities e.g. stand-by mode vs. talk mode vs. high performance application modes such as video processing and gaming.Next to the development of new telecommunication standards the silicon technologies develop according to the shrink path. Scaling of physical structures, especially the gate thickness, induces larger leakage in DSM technologies. The shrink is accompanied with a further reduction of supply voltage that helps to reduce the dynamic power dissipation but also reduces the leverage of performance improvement. To reduce the leakage and to reach the targets of design projects new low power measures have to be defined and implemented by integration into technology, libraries, design tools, and the design flow.In recent years several low power features have been developed to address both the static leakage power consumption and the dynamic active power consumption. These features, or a combination of them, can be tailored to dynamically varying performance needs of the SoC in different modes meaning different use cases.
Effect of Solvent and Subsequent Thermal Annealing on the Performance of Phenylenevinylene Copolymer:PCBM Solar Cells (2010)

The morphology of the photoactive layer used in the bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices is crucial for efficient charge generation and their collection at the electrodes. We investigated the solvent vapor annealing and thermal annealing effect of an alternating phenylenevinylene copolymer P:PCBM blend on its morphology and optical properties. The UV-visible absorption spectroscopy shows that both solvent and thermal annealing can result in self-assembling of copolymer P to form an ordered structure, leading to enhanced absorption in the red region and hole transport enhancement. By combining the solvent and thermal annealing of the devices, the power conversion efficiency is improved. This feature was attributed to the fact that the PCBM molecules begin to diffuse into aggregates and together with the ordered copolymer P phase form bicontinuous pathways in the entire layer for efficient charge separation and transport. Furthermore, the measured photocurrent also suggests that the space charges no longer limit the values of the short circuit current (J(sc)) and fill factor (FF) for solvent-treated and thermally annealed devices. These results indicate that the higher J(sc) and PCE for the solvent-treated and thermally annealed devices can be attributed to the phase separation of active layers, which leads to a balanced carrier mobility. The overall PCE of the device based on the combination of solvent annealing and thermal annealing is about 3.7 %.