gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐term behavior of oil‐based varnishes and paints I. Spectroscopic analysis of curing drying oils (1999)

Abstract The curing of drying oils at 60°C has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform Raman analysis of linseed oil and poppyseed oil. In the first step, hydroperoxides are formed (broad vibration band centered around 3425 cm −1 ) with concomitant conjugation and cis‐trans isomerization of the double bonds (disappearance of cis bands at 3011 and 716 cm −1 , appearance of trans conjugated and trans nonconjugated bands at 987 and 970 cm −1 ). The subsequent decomposition of hydroperoxides in the presence of oxygen leads to the formation of alcohols (nitrite band at 779 cm −1 after nitrogen monoxide treatment), aldehydes (bands at 2810 and 2717 cm −1 in gas phase), ketones (saturated and unsaturated at 1720 and 1698 cm −1 , respectively), carboxylic acids (saturated and unsaturated acid fluorides identified at 1843 and 1810 cm −1 after SF 4 treatment), and peresters or γ‐lactones (near 1770 cm −1 ). A rapid decrease in the double‐bond concentration is recorded when curing continues, and the formation of epoxides, characterized by a vibration band at 885 cm −1 , is observed. Thermolysis experiments have suggested the proposal of a reaction of addition of peroxyl radicals on the conjugated double bonds as a probable mechanism. This mechanism explains both the rapid disappearance of conjugated double bonds and the formation of epoxides as intermediate products observed in the initial step of curing.
Processing of oxidized nickel ores with ammonium chloride (2011)

A method for processing nickel ores with ammonium chloride is considered. The results of thermodynamic calculations for the reactions of the oxide components of nickel ore with ammonium chloride are given. Thermogravimetric and kinetic investigations were performed. The technological sequence of the separation of oxidized nickel ores into individual oxides was developed.
Platelet impedance aggregation in whole blood and its inhibition by antiplatelet drugs. (1984)

Platelet aggregation was studied in citrated whole blood by an electrical impedance method. Blood samples from normal volunteers were studied with the aim of finding a suitable method for the routine study of samples from patients. An erratic tracing and low maximum aggregation were seen in samples with a high normal haematocrit. Optimal aggregation was seen when blood was diluted to a haematocrit of .300; isotonic saline was a better diluent than platelet poor plasma. No appreciable differences were seen when the platelet count was diluted down to 50 X 10(9)/l, after which there was a progressive reduction in response. Dose response curves were obtained, and normal ranges for ADP, collagen, and sodium arachidonate were determined. Acetylsalicylic acid had a more pronounced effect on ADP aggregation than on collagen. Prostacyclin (Epoprostenol) and the synthetic prostacyclin analogue ZK 36,374 both showed dose dependent inhibition of aggregation, but the duration of effect of the latter was much longer (greater than 6 h).
Analysis and Simulation of Jitter Sequences for Testing Serial Data Channels (2008)

This paper presents a novel modeling analysis of jitter as applicable to testing of serial data channels. Jitter is analyzed by considering separate and combined components. The primary goal is the generation of a signal containing a known amount of each jitter component. This signal can then be used for testing high speed serial data channels. Initially, jitter components are analyzed and modeled individually. Next, sequences for combining them are modeled, simulated and evaluated. Model simulation using Matlab is utilized to show the unique features of the components when they are combined into different injection sequences for producing the total jitter. Sequence dependency is investigated in depth and the validity of superposition of jitter components for typical values is confirmed. A good agreement between theory and simulation is verified; these results allow test engineers to have an insight into the interactions among jitter components in serial data channels.
Reasons for missed meal-time insulin boluses from the perspective of adolescents using insulin pumps: ‘lost focus’ (2010)

The results may help diabetes care teams understand the circumstances in which adolescents miss their bolus doses. This understanding may make it easier to discuss missed doses and strategies for avoiding this with adolescents and support negotiations over agreements about reminders between them and their parents.
Simultaneously calibrating catadioptric camera and detecting line features using Hough transform (2005)

A line in space is projected to a conic in a central catadioptric image, and such a conic is called a line image. This paper proposes a novel approach to calibrating catadioptric camera and detecting line images simultaneously by using Hough transform. Previous approaches to catadioptric cameras calibration employ the traditional conic detecting or fitting methods for line images, and then use these recovered conies to estimate the intrinsic parameters based on some properties of line images. However, the type of a line image can be line, circle, ellipse, hyperbola or parabola, and in general only a small arc of the conic is visible in the image, which brings novel challenges for conic detection and fitting where traditional conic detecting and fitting methods may fail. As we know, the accuracy of the estimated intrinsic parameters highly depends on the accuracy of the extracted conies. The main contribution of this work is we show that all line images from catadioptric cameras with the same intrinsic parameters must belong to a family of conies with only two degree-of-freedom, and such a family is called a line image family. Therefore, we present a novel special Hough transform for line image detection which ensures that all detected conies must belong to a line image family related to certain intrinsic parameters. For all possible values of the unknown intrinsic parameters, the line image special Hough transform are performed. The one with the highest confidence is chosen as the estimated values for these unknown intrinsic parameters, and the corresponding results of line image detection are chosen as the estimated values for line images. In order to make the searching process more efficient, the hierarchical approaches are employed in this paper. The validity of our proposed approach is illustrated by experiments.
Phase space approach for modeling of epileptic dynamics (2012)

Epileptic electroencephalography recordings can be described in terms of four prototypic wave forms: fast sinusoidal oscillations, large slow waves, fast spiking, and spike waves. On the macroscopic level, these wave forms have been modeled by different mechanistic models which share canonical features. Here we derive a minimal model of excitatory and inhibitory processes with features common to all previous models. We can infer that at least three interacting processes are required to support the prototypic epileptic dynamics. Based on a separation of time scales we analyze the model in terms of interacting manifolds in phase space. This allows qualitative reverse engineering of all epileptic wave forms and transitions between them. We propose this method as a complement to traditional approaches to modeling epileptiform rhythms.
Bromelain Treatment Leads to Maturation of Monocyte‐derived Dendritic Cells but Cannot Replace PGE<sub>2</sub> in a Cocktail of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and PGE<sub>2</sub> (2011)

Immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) has shown promising results. However, the use of an appropriate DC population is critical for the outcome of this treatment, and the search for an optimal DC subset is still ongoing. The DC used in immunotherapy today are usually matured with a cytokine cocktail consisting of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE(2). These cells have deficits in their cytokine production, particularly IL-12p70, mainly because of the presence of PGE(2). Bromelain is a pineapple stem extract containing a mixture of proteases that has been used clinically in adjuvant cancer treatment. In this study, we analysed the effect of bromelain on human monocyte-derived DC. We added bromelain to the cytokine cocktail and modified cytokine cocktails with either no PGE(2) or reduced amounts of PGE(2), respectively. Combining bromelain with the cytokine cocktails containing PGE(2) resulted in an increased surface expression of CD83, CD80 and CD86. The chemokine receptor CCR7 was also considerably upregulated in these DC populations compared with DC treated with the cytokine cocktail alone. Removal or reduction of PGE(2) from the cytokine cocktail did not increase the IL-12p70 secretion from stimulated DC, and addition of bromelain to the different cytokine cocktails resulted in only a minor increase in IL-12p70 production. Moreover, combining bromelain with the cytokine cocktails did not improve the T cell stimulatory capacity of the generated DC populations. In conclusion, bromelain treatment of monocyte-derived DC does not improve the functional quality compared with the standard cytokine cocktail.
Potentiation/Antagonism of Pyrethroids with Organophosphate Insecticides in <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (2007)

The binary mixtures of pyrethroids cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin plus organophosphates ethion, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, acephate, methamidophos, methyl parathion, and triazophos were evaluated on putatively resistant field populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Pakistan using a leaf-dip bioassay. Ethion exhibited good potentiation with all the pyrethroids. Quinalphos potentiated cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin but not bifenthrin. Acephate was potentiating with bifenthrin and fenpropathrin but antagonistic with zeta-cypermethrin. A potentiation effect was also found when methamidophos was mixed with bifenthrin and fenpropathrin. However, profenofos was antagonistic with cypermethrin, bifenthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. Similarly, bifenthrin + methyl parathion and deltamethrin + triazophos mixtures were antagonistic when tested on several populations of B. tabaci. Chlorpyrifos was antagonistic with cypermethrin but had an additive effect with fenpropathrin.
The Preparation of N,N-Dimethyl- and N,N-Diethylenamies from Ketones (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of N,N-Dimethyl- and N,N-Diethylenamies from KetonesE. P. Blanchard Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 5, 1397–1398Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01040a512https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01040a512research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive utilization of communication and computational resources in high-performance distributed systems: the EMOP approach (2002)

Development of high-performance distributed applications can be extremely challenging because of their complex runtime environment coupled with their requirement of high-performance. Such applications typically run on a set of heterogeneous machines with dynamically varying loads, connected by heterogeneous networks possibly supporting a wide variety of communication protocols. In spite of the size and complexity of such applications, they must provide the required high-performance mandated by their users. In order to achieve this goal, they need to adaptively utilize their computational and communication resources. The paper describes EMOP: a programming environment for building high-performance distributed systems. EMOP is designed on the lines of CORBA and uses an Object Request Broker (ORB) to support seamless communication between distributed application components. In order to provide adaptive utilization of communication resources, it uses the principle of open implementation to open up the communication mechanisms of its ORB. By virtue of its open architecture, the ORB supports multiple, possibly custom, communication protocols, along with automatic and user controlled protocol selection at run-time. In order to support adaptive utilization of computational resources, EMOP also provides a flexible and powerful set of load-balancing mechanisms that can be used to implement custom load-balancing strategies. The paper describes EMOP's Open ORB architecture and load balancing mechanisms, and uses a set of simple experiments to demonstrate their usefulness.
Statistical theory of turbulence-II (1935)

Abstract The methods described in Part I have been used by Mr. L. F. G. Simmons, of the National Physical Laboratory, to find experimentally the correlation between the turbulent components of velocity u0 and uy at two points distant y apart in a direction transverse to the stream. The measurements were made at mean speed U = 25 feet per second in a wind tunnel behind a honeycomb with 0·9-inch square mesh. The results are shown in fig. 1 where the ordinates are Ry = ¯¯uouy/ ¯¯u2 and the abscissae are the corresponding values of y. It will be seen that the Ry curve is apparently rounded at the top and that Ry falls to 0·08 at y = 0·38 inches. No measurements were made beyond this point, but extrapolation seems to show that Ry = 0 when y is about 0·5 inches, i.e., when y is slightly greater than 1/2M. Integrating the curve of fig. 1 the value of l2 = ∫00.5" Ry = 0·175 inch, so that l2/M = 0·175/0·9 = 0·195.
“Spurblind.” (1875)

Journal Article “Spurblind.” Get access A. Fergusson A. Fergusson 1U.S. Club Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-IV, Issue 96, 30 October 1875, Page 347, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-IV.96.347b Published: 30 October 1875
Calculation of electrical parameters of a thin-film multichip package (1989)

The calculations of the electrical parameters of a thin-film multichip package are presented. It is shown that a commonly used 2-D device simulator, PISCES, can be used to compute the electrical parameters of the thin-film lines up to a frequency where the skin effect is important. For trapezoidal conductor cross-sections, it is shown that the maximum variations of self- and mutual (coupling) capacitances are within 10% of their corresponding rectangular values when the sidewall angle of the conductor is varied up to 30 degrees , and the line cross-section area is kept constant. For the case when the conductor base is kept constant, the variation in mutual capacitance is found to be within 30% and that for self-capacitance is found to be within 12% when the sidewall angle is varied up to 30 degrees . A simple R-L-C circuit is used to represent a three-conductor lossy transmission line system, and SPICE is used to analyze the responses in the time domain. A thin-film multichip package design is briefly outlined. A HP-8510 network analyzer is used to verify the simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kinetic Modeling of Liquid Phase Photocatalysis on Supported TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles in a Rectangular Flat-Plate Photoreactor (2010)

The photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Basic Blue 3 (BB3) in water on supported TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out in a rectangular flat-plate photoreactor. The photocatalytic degradation kinetic characteristics were experimentally investigated under different light intensities and initial dye concentrations. Calculating corresponding “apparent adsorption constants”, KS, and “apparent rate constants”, kr, of experimental results according to the Langmuir−Hinshelwood (L-H) model emphasized that the L-H constants varied with regard to the light intensity. A new kinetic model was developed on the basis of the intrinsic element reactions, which took into account the effect of light intensity, reaction intermediates, organic compound content, and first order reaction kinetics. The new kinetic model described the experimental results in a more accurate way and explained consistently the dependence of the apparent kinetic parameters kr and KS on the light intensity.
논문 : 다크 투어리즘에 대한 탐색적 논의 (2011)

The term dark tourism was coined by Lennon and Foley to describe the attraction of visitors to tourism sites associated with incidences of death and disaster. For Lennon & Foley, dark tourism is an intimation of post modernity-global communication technologies, the anxiety and doubt about the project of modernity, and tourismification by commodification. On the other hand, Seaton and Ashworth asserted that dark tourism should not be restricted to events with post modernity, specially anxiety and doubt about modernity and its consequences. Out of historical interest, they maintained that dark tourism should be seen as staged around attraction and sites associated with death, acts of violence, scenes of death and crimes against humanity. The authors assert that dark tourism should include visitation to sites to relevant events which have occurred with post modernity. As a consequences, in this study dark tourism is defined as travel to sites associated with death, disaster, acts of violence, tragedy, scenes of death and crimes against humanity with post modernity.
A microbial population–species interface: nested cladistic and coalescent inference with multilocus data (2001)

Using sequence data from seven nuclear loci in 385 isolates of the haploid, plant parasitic, ascomycete fungus, Sclerotinia, divergence times of populations and of species were distinguished. The evolutionary history of haplotypes on both population and species scales was reconstructed using a combination of parsimony, maximum likelihood and coalescent methods, implemented in a specific order. Analysis of site compatibility revealed recombination blocks from which alternative (marginal) networks were inferred, reducing uncertainty in the network due to recombination. Our own modifications of Templeton and co-workers' cladistic inference method and a coalescent approach detected the same phylogeographic processes. Assuming neutrality and a molecular clock, the boundary between divergent populations and species is an interval of time between coalescence (to a common ancestor) of populations and coalescence of species.
Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a NICE operation. (2002)

Published evidence comparing laparoscopic and open herniorraphy is controversial. NICE recommends that open techniques are used for first time repairs and that TEP be considered for bilateral/recurrent repairs undertaken in specialist units. We report a consecutive series of 224 patients undergoing 268 TEP repairs between 1996 and 2001. Operating time, complications, return to normal activity/full time employment and recurrence were examined. The median operating time was 30 minutes. There was one conversion. Ninety four percent of patients drove on the third post-operative day. The median time to normal activity was 4 days (1-10 days). The median time to return to professional employment in 82 patients was 3 days (range 2-9 days). Four patients (1.7%) had self-limiting minor groin pain. There were 3 recurrences (1.4%) and none since altering the surgical technique to use a larger anchored mesh. We have demonstrated TEP to be an easily learnt, safe, effective technique with low morbidity, and with sufficient experience, takes no longer than an open repair. It can be performed at little increased cost and restores selected patients to an early return to full-time employment. We believe that the choice between open and laparoscopic repair is a subjective decision for patient and surgeon
Breed better banners: Design automation through on-line interaction (2002)

The aim of this article is to explore the use of an automated design system based on a Genetic Algorithm to design banner advertising. Just as genes encode traits in living organisms and propagate the most successful traits by natural selection, so this algorithm propagates features of the most successful banner advertisements and extinguishes the least successful traits. In the current experiment at a major on-line store selling CDs, the algorithm interactively evolved 320 different Web-banners over a period of 23 days. Although the algorithm exhibited some deficiencies, the results indicate that the method is viable. It created innovative designs that performed increasingly better than reference banners, improving the click-through rate from 0.68% for a standard banner to 3.1% by the 16th generation of design, without human intervention from the advertiser. The article concludes with a discussion of some conceptual issues and directions for future research.
Effect of fat and sugar replacement on cookie properties (2002)

Abstract Fat mimetics, namely Raftiline, Simplesse, C*deLight and polydextrose, diluted in water to give a gel with 200 g kg −1 concentration, were used for partial fat replacement and polyols, namely lactitol, sorbitol and maltitol, for sugar replacement in low‐fat, sugar‐free cookies. Raftiline, Simplesse or C*deLight combined with lactitol or sorbitol in 35% fat‐reduced, sugar‐free cookies resulted in products with hardness and brittleness comparable to those of the control. Polydextrose as fat mimetic and maltitol as sugar substitute resulted in very hard and brittle products. Further fat replacement to 50% was achieved using Raftiline, Simplesse or C*deLight combined with a blend of lactitol and sorbitol; however, the final products were hard, brittle and did not expand properly after baking. Cookies prepared with Simplesse had the least acceptable flavour, while cookies prepared with C*deLight were rated as the most acceptable by a sensory panel. The textural properties were improved by either decreasing the amount of alternative sweetener or increasing the concentration of fat mimetic in the gel which was added to the cookies. All fat‐reduced, sugar‐free cookies prepared in this study had higher values of moisture content and water activity than the control, but these values were below the upper limit that affects cookie shelf‐life. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry