gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Architecture and Interfaces for Distributed Manufacturing Simulation (2005)

This article presents an overview of a neutral reference architecture and data model for integrating distributed manufacturing simulation systems with each other, with other manufacturing software applications, and with manufacturing data repositories. Other manufacturing software applications include but are not limited to systems used to design products, specify processes, engineer manufacturing systems, and manage production. The architecture identifies the software building blocks and interfaces that will facilitate the integration of distributed simulation systems and enable the integration of those systems with other manufacturing software applications. The architecture builds on the High Level Architecture standard for simulation. The National Institute of Standards and Technology and its collaborators have created several implementations of portions of the architecture using commercial off-the-shelf simulators. These implementations demonstrated the feasibility of the architecture and highlighted the need for a neutral data model for exchanging manufacturing data between simulations.
Recent Developments in the Hydrometer Method as Applied to Soils (1959)

The method of test for grain-size analysis of soils, ASTM Tentative Method D 422, was extensively revised in 1954. The technique was originally developed by the Bureau of Public Roads (1) following the suggested use of an hydrometer by George Bouyoucos in 1927 (2). The ASTM first published a tentative method of test covering this procedure in 1935. Following some changes in 1938 the method was adopted as ASTM standard in 1939. Two revisions that were more or less editorial in nature were included in the standard in 1951. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the changes that were made in 1954.
Effects of longitudinal and latitudinal grain boundaries on the performance of large-grain polysilicon MOSFET (2001)

The effects of longitudinal and latitudinal polysilicon grain boundaries on the performance metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) fabricated on large-grain polysilicon-on-insulator (LPSOI) have been investigated. Unlike conventional thin-film-transistors (TFTs) with random grain distribution, MOSFETs fabricated on the LPSOI film contains the combination of only longitudinal or latitudinal grain boundaries. Longitudinal GBs parallel to the direction of current flow has smaller impact to the current flow, but provided extra leakage current that caused early device shortage, especially in wide devices. The latitudinal GBs perpendicular to the direction of current flow offered higher resistance to the inversion carriers thus causing lower current drive, higher threshold voltage, and gentler subthreshold slope. The result of the study can be used to optimize device design for high performance on MOSFETs on the LPSOI substrate.
K‐Lines: A theory of Memory (1980)

Most theories of memory suggest that when we learn or memorize something, some drepresentation of that something is constructed, stored and later retrieved. This raises questions like: How is information represented? How is it stored? How is it retrieved? Then, how is it used? This paper tries to deal with all these at once. When you get an idea and want to “remember” it, you create a “K‐line” for it. When later activated, the K‐line induces a partial mental state resembling the one that created it. A “partial mental state” is a subset of those mental agencies operating at one moment. This view leads to many ideas about the development, structure and physiology of memory, and about how to implement framelike representations in a distributed processor.
Spiro heterocyclic compounds. I. Synthesis of spiro-(imidazolidine-4,3'-indoline)-2,2',5-triones. (1975)

1'-Substituted spiro [imidazolidine-4, 3'-indoline]-2, 2', 5-triones (5-8) were prepared by the reaction of 1-substituted indoline-2, 3-diones with KCN and (NH4)2 CO3. The reaction of indoline-2, 3-diones with KCN and amines afforded 3-amino-3-cyanoindolin-2-ones (9-11), which on reacting with KOCN, only 9 gave 3-methyl derivative of the spiro compound (16). By the methylation of 6 with (CH3)2SO4, 1', 3-dimethyl-(17) and 1, 1', 3-trimethyl-spiro [imidazolidine-4, 3'-indoline] compound (18) were obtained.
On optimum recognition error and reject tradeoff (1970)

The performance of a pattern recognition system is characterized by its error and reject tradeoff. This paper describes an optimum rejection rule and presents a general relation between the error and reject probabilities and some simple properties of the tradeoff in the optimum recognition system. The error rate can be directly evaluated from the reject function. Some practical implications of the results are discussed. Examples in normal distributions and uniform distributions are given.
Optimal Layout of Displacement Measurements for Parameter Identification Process in Geomechanics (2003)

This paper focuses on designing the optimal layout of measurements for parameter identification problems in geomechanics, which are usually based on in situ displacements. The existence, uniqueness, and stability of the solution from the parameter identification process are thoroughly discussed. Based on these understandings of the problem, two algorithms are proposed as a means of automatically generating the optimal measurements. The validity of these algorithms is first proved by some academic examples, then these algorithms are applied to the Munich subway tunnel project. Good results are observed there.
2-wire access to basic ISDN-the commercially viable solution (1990)

The author is proposing an alternative layer 1 user-network and terminal interface to basic ISDN at the T, S, and S/T reference points, based on the 2B1Q 2-wire interface defined in CCITT rec. G.961, app.II. In reality it is the extension of the U transmission interface being standardised for the USA and now being adopted for other major networks, presented to the user via the ordinary telephone master socket. He also lists several technical and commercial advantages. >
Performance-Based Seismic Design of Wood Frame Buildings Using a Probabilistic System Identification Concept (2008)

Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) of wood frame structures has been only preliminarily investigated by a handful of researchers around the world and is currently under development in the United States as well as other countries worldwide. This paper presents the basic concept of applying system identification logic as one alternative for PBSD of wood frame structures. In PBSD of wood frame structures, one prescribes combinations of hazard level and corresponding performance, and “designs” the system such that these performance metrics are met. For wood frame buildings this procedure fits the definition of a system identification problem, i.e., the input and output are known and the nonlinear system between them is sought. In most cases the shearwall locations, i.e., geometry, are known, and only the wall design is sought. In this paper, the concept is presented and a procedure to apply it within a PBSD framework is proposed. The validity of the procedure is confirmed through two illustrative examples, namely the design for a two-story wood shearwall and a two-story wood frame building. An existing ten-parameter hysteresis model commonly used for seismic analysis of wood frame structures was used in both examples to represent the nonlinear system to be identified. The “design” is then checked by applying a suite of ordinary ground motion records and comparing the multirecord incremental dynamic analysis of the peak deformation response to the target (performance) curve. The approach was found to work well for the example structures and shows promise for extension to more complicated structures and performance measures.
Direct amide formation from unactivated carboxylic acids and amines (2011)

The direct coupling of unactivated carboxylic acids with amines can be performed in toluene 110 °C in the absence of catalyst. The use of simple zirconium catalysts at 5 mol% loading gave amide formation in as little as 4 h.
Dielectric Behavior of Electroluminescent Zinc Sulfides (1956)

The complex dielectric factor of electroluminescent zinc sulfides was measured as a function of the voltage and frequency applied to the electroluminescent cell. Both the real and the imaginary part of the dielectric factor obey the law: , where L is the time average of the electroluminescent emission and f is the frequency. For low and moderate voltages, this expression becomes , where k0 may depend on frequency f, but c is a constant independent of voltage and frequency.
Performance analysis of a GERAN switched beam system by simulations and measurements (2005)

Switched beam (SB) technology is an appropriate method for boosting GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN) capacity especially in hot spots or cell deployments, where the installation of additional sites and new antennas is not possible. A SB solution with four 30 degree sub-sectors is presented and the potential capacity gain in uplink and downlink is evaluated by simulations and drive tests. A performance comparison with the upcoming single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) feature is given for the downlink. Finally, it is shown that SB and SAIC provide an additive quality and capacity gain.
이병헌(李炳憲) 역학(易學)사상의 신(神) 개념 연구 (2020)

진암(眞菴) 이병헌(李炳憲, 1870~1940)은 유교 개혁의 일환으로 유교의 종교화 운동을 진행했다. 이러한 종교화 운동 과정에서 유교의 종교적 성격을 명확하게 드러내기 위해 이병헌은 여러 유교경전 가운데에서도 특히 『역경(易經)』에 주목했다. 관괘(觀卦) 「단전(彖傳)」의 신도설교(神道設敎) 개념에 주목하여 『역경』을 공자가 신도로 가르침을 베푼 경(經)으로 인식했다. 이병헌은 『역경』에서도 특히 신(神) 개념에 주목했다. 그는 신을 『역』의 핵심으로 여겼다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 시각에 기반하여 이병헌 역학사상에 나타난 신 개념의 의미와 특징을 살펴보고자 한다.
이병헌은 우선 점의 대상으로서의 신 개념을 언급했다. 하지만 그의 논의는 외재적 신에 주목하지 않고, 점과 신을 대하는 인간의 마음가짐에 주목한다. 그는 『역경』의 점서(占書)로서의 성격을 인정하면서도 몽괘(蒙卦)와 비괘(比卦)에 기반하여 처음 점을 쳐서 묻는 마음과 그 처음의 마음을 잘 길러나가 마음을 회복하여 그 바른 마음을 오래도록 유지하는 것을 점의 근원으로 여겼다. 나아가 그는 신이 하늘에 있으면 상제(上帝)가 되고, 인간에게 있으면 마음이 된다는 논의를 펼치면서 인간 마음의 작용에 주목한다. “마음이 곧 신[심즉신(心卽神)]”이라고 보는 그의 논의에서 신은 인간의 생명력, 활동성, 변화불측성의 근원이 되며, 아울러 신의 경지에 들어가는 ‘입신(入神)’의 관건은 외부세계와의 감응에 있다는 논의를 전개한다. 이병헌은 입신과 교신(交神)의 과정에서 특히 인간의 주체적이고 능동적인 노력과 실천력을 중시하는데, 그것이 바로 성(誠)이다. 즉 인간 주체가 자신의 마음을 얼마나 정성스럽게 하느냐가 절대적 희망으로서의 종교의 본질에 다가가는 관건이 된다고 본 것이다. 이러한 이병헌의 일련의 신 개념을 통해 당시의 시대적 맥락에서 이병헌의 유교 종교화 운동의 본질과 의미, 그리고 한국역학사상사 속에서 이병헌의 사유가 지니는 의미를 살펴보고자 한다.
Structural evidence of anti-atherogenic microRNAs (2011)

Our research attempted to address two important questions--how microRNAs modulate atherogenic inflammatory genes from a panoramic viewpoint and whether their augmented expression results from reduced microRNAs suppression. To resolve these knowledge gaps, we employed a novel database mining technique in conjunction with statistical analysis criteria established from experimentally verified microRNAs. We found that the expression of 33 inflammatory genes up-regulated in atherosclerotic lesions contain structural features in the 3'UTR of their mRNAs for potential microRNAs regulation. Additionally, the binding features governing the interactions between the microRNAs and the inflammatory gene mRNA were statistically identical to the features of experimentally verified microRNAs. Furthermore, 21 of the 33 inflammatory genes (64%) were targeted by highly expressed microRNAs and 10 of these (48%) were targeted by a single microRNA, suggesting microRNA regulation specificity. Supplementing our findings, 7 out of the 20 unique microRNAs (35%) were previously confirmed to be down-regulated when treated with pro-atherogenic factors. These results indicate a critical role of anti-inflammatory microRNAs in suppressing pro-atherogenic inflammatory gene expression.
Improving Object Classification in X-ray Luggage Inspection (2000)

X-ray detection methods have increasingly been used as an effective means for the automatic detection of explosives. While a number of devices are now commercially available, most of these technologies are not yet mature. The purpose of this research has been to investigate methods for using x-ray dual-energy transmission and scatter imaging technologies more effectively. Followed by an introduction and brief overview of x-ray detection technologies, a model for a prototype x-ray scanning system, which was built at Virginia Tech, is given. This model has primarily been used for the purpose of system analysis, design and simulations. Then, an algorithm is developed to correct the non-uniformity of transmission detectors in the prototype scanning system. The x-ray source output energy in the prototype scanning system is not monochromatic, resulting in two problems: spectrum overlap and output signal unbalance between high and low energy levels, which will degrade the performance of dual-energy x-ray sensing. A copper filter has been introduced and a numerical optimization method to remove thickness effect of objects has been developed to improve the system performance. The back scattering and forward scattering signals are functions of solid angles between the object and detectors. A given object may be randomly placed anywhere on the conveyor belt, resulting in a variation in the detected signals. Both an adaptive modeling technique and least squares method are used to decrease this distance effect. Finally, discriminate function methods have been studied experimentally, and classification rules have been obtained to separate explosives from other types of materials. In some laboratory tests on various scenarios by inserting six explosive simulants, we observed improvements in classification accuracy from 60% to 80%, depending on the complexity of luggage bags.
Quinoxaline chemistry. Part 8. 2-[Anilino]-3-[carboxy]-6(7)-substituted quinoxalines as non classical antifolate agents. Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro anticancer, anti-HIV and antifungal activity. (1998)

Thirty quinoxalines bearing a substituted anilino group on position 2, a carboethoxy or carboxy group on position 3 and a trifluoromethyl group on position 6 or 7 of the heterocycle were prepared in order to evaluate in vitro anticancer activity. Preliminary screening performed at NCI showed that most derivatives exhibited a moderate to strong growth inhibition activity on various tumor panel cell lines between 10(-5) and 10(-4) molar concentrations. Interesting selectivities were also recorded between 10(-8) and 10(-6) M for a few compounds. One single compound exhibited good activity against Candida albicans.
MANAGED ASSERTIONS FOR COMPONENT CONTRACTS (2003)

Behavioral specifications in interface contracts are important measures for improving quality of software components. Binary components of different language origins need a common understanding of behavioral contracts to work effectively in component-based systems. We propose a system by which behavioral specifications in the spirit of Design by Contract TM can accompany binary components and be available at runtime to enable flexible and correct treatment, in a language neutral manner. Behavioral contracts written in different specification notations, for components written in different programming languages, have common runtime semantics. Runtime monitoring is correct with regards to behavioral subtyping, object re-entrance and exception handling. The mechanism also enables runtime reflection of contract constructs. We show our design for this system, as an extension to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standardized by ECMA. We also describe our prototype implementation based on Microsoft’s Shared Source CLI.
Contact stresses in lumbar total disc arthroplasty. (2007)

Total disc arthroplasty is gaining in popularity as an alternative to spinal fusion. A total disc consists of articulating bearing surfaces with one made from a metal and the other made from either a metal or a polymer. The aim of this study was to determine the contact stresses in lumbar total disc arthroplasty devices. The total disc was modelled as a ball and socket joint and Hertzian contact theory was used to determine the maximum contact stresses. The effect of material combination and implant size on contact stress was investigated. For a typical disc arthroplasty with a ball radius of 14 mm, the contact stresses for metal against polymer and metal against metal material combinations were 3 to 6 MPa and 63-130 MPa, respectively, and were below the fatigue strength of the materials.
Color preservation for tone reproduction and image enhancement (2014)

Applications based on luminance processing often face the problem of recovering the original chrominance in the output color image. A common approach to reconstruct a color image from the luminance output is by preserving the original hue and saturation. However, this approach often produces a highly colorful image which is undesirable. We develop a color preservation method that not only retains the ratios of the input tri-chromatic values but also adjusts the output chroma in an appropriate way. Linearizing the output luminance is the key idea to realize this method. In addition, a lightness difference metric together with a colorfulness difference metric are proposed to evaluate the performance of the color preservation methods. It shows that the proposed method performs consistently better than the existing approaches.
Automatic Activity Classification and Movement Assessment During a Sports Training Session Using Wearable Inertial Sensors (2014)

Motion analysis technologies have been widely used to monitor the potential for injury and enhance athlete performance. However, most of these technologies are expensive, can only be used in laboratory environments and examine only a few trials of each movement action. In this paper, we present a novel ambulatory motion analysis framework using wearable inertial sensors to accurately assess all of an athlete's activities in an outdoor training environment. We firstly present a system that automatically classifies a large range of training activities using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in conjunction with a Random forest classifier. The classifier is capable of successfully classifying various activities with up to 98% accuracy. Secondly, a computationally efficient gradient descent algorithm is used to estimate the relative orientations of the wearable inertial sensors mounted on the thigh and shank of a subject, from which the flexion-extension knee angle is calculated. Finally, a curve shift registration technique is applied to both generate normative data and determine if a subject's movement technique differed to the normative data in order to identify potential injury related factors. It is envisaged that the proposed framework could be utilized for accurate and automatic sports activity classification and reliable movement technique evaluation in various unconstrained environments.
Catalytic iodination and direct radiolabelling of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17-diphosphates (1978)

Reaction involving iodine and cupric chloride has been applied to the synthesis of iodinated dihydrotestesterones while radiolabelled estradiol-17-diphosphates and dihydro-testosterone were prepared by the same path using Na125I.
Mesenchymal stem cells as all-round supporters in a normal and neoplastic microenvironment (2012)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a heterogeneous population exhibiting stem cell-like properties which are distributed almost ubiquitously among perivascular niches of various human tissues and organs. Organismal requirements such as tissue damage determine interdisciplinary functions of resident MSC including self-renewal, migration and differentiation, whereby MSC support local tissue repair, angiogenesis and concomitant immunomodulation. However, growth of tumor cells and invasion also causes local tissue damage and injury which subsequently activates repair mechanisms and consequently, attracts MSC. Thereby, MSC exhibit a tissue-specific functional biodiversity which is mediated by direct cell-to-cell communication via adhesion molecule signaling and by a tightly regulated exchange of a multifactorial panel of cytokines, exosomes, and micro RNAs. Such interactions determine either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibitory support by MSC. Moreover, fusion with necrotic/apoptotic tumor cell bodies contributes to re-program MSC into an aberrant phenotype also suggesting that tumor tissue in general represents different types of neoplastic cell populations including tumor-associated stem cell-like cells. The present work summarizes some functional characteristics and biodiversity of MSC and highlights certain controversial interactions with normal and tumorigenic cell populations, including associated modulations within the MSC microenvironment.
Current applications and development trends of 3S in broad sense in forestry. (2005)

In order to improve the quality and efficiency of forest management,based on the definition and components of generalized techniques of 3S,some applications are discussed,such as the monitoring of forest resources,the management and prediction of disasters,forest management and decisions etc.Then the paper puts forward that the development trends would be from large scale and middle scale to small scale,from single GPS to integrated global positioning system,from general GIS soft to professional GIS,from personal computer(PC) to network computer and from desktop PC to mobile Pocket Digital Assistant.
Hepatoprotective Activity of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> on Antitubercular Drug-Induced Liver Damage in Rats (2002)

Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae), commonly known as "Drumstick," is used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of various illness. We have evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves on liver damage induced by antitubercular drugs such as isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), and pyrazinamide (PZA) in rats. Oral administration of the extract showed a significant protective action made evident by its effect on the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin in the serum; lipids, and lipid peroxidation levels in liver. This observation was supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The results of this study showed that treatment with M. oleifera extracts or silymarin (as a reference) appears to enhance the recovery from hepatic damage induced by antitubercular drugs.