gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Auxin Transport Independent Pathway Is Involved in Phosphate Stress-Induced Root Architectural Alterations in Arabidopsis. Identification of <i>BIG</i> as a Mediator of Auxin in Pericycle Cell Activation (2005)

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants display a number of root developmental responses to low phosphate availability, including primary root growth inhibition, greater formation of lateral roots, and increased root hair elongation. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms by which phosphorus (P) availability alters postembryonic root development, we performed a mutant screen to identify genetic determinants involved in the response to P deprivation. Three low phosphate-resistant root lines (lpr1-1 to lpr1-3) were isolated because of their reduced lateral root formation in low P conditions. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that all lpr1 mutants were allelic to BIG, which is required for normal auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Detailed characterization of lateral root primordia (LRP) development in wild-type and lpr1 mutants revealed that BIG is required for pericycle cell activation to form LRP in both high (1 mm) and low (1 microm) P conditions, but not for the low P-induced alterations in primary root growth, lateral root emergence, and root hair elongation. Exogenously supplied auxin restored normal lateral root formation in lpr1 mutants in the two P treatments. Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings with brefeldin A, a fungal metabolite that blocks auxin transport, phenocopies the root developmental alterations observed in lpr1 mutants in both high and low P conditions, suggesting that BIG participates in vesicular targeting of auxin transporters. Taken together, our results show that auxin transport and BIG function have fundamental roles in pericycle cell activation to form LRP and promote root hair elongation. The mechanism that activates root system architectural alterations in response to P deprivation, however, seems to be independent of auxin transport and BIG.
Effect of n−3 fatty acids on the key enzymes involved in cholesterol and triglyceride turnover in rat liver (1991)

The effect of long-chain n-3 fatty acids on hepatic key enzymes of cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride biosynthesis was investigated in two rat models. In the first model, rats were intravenously infused for two weeks with a fat emulsion containing 20% of triglycerides in which either n-6 or n-3 fatty acids predominated. The treatment with n-3 fatty acids led to a reduction primarily of serum cholesterol (45%), but also of serum triglycerides (18%). HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity were reduced by 45% and 36%, respectively. There were no significant effects on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) or phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) activities. In the second model, rats were fed a diet enriched with sucrose, coconut oil and either sunflower oil (n-6 fatty acids) or fish oil (long-chain n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters). The treatment with n-3 fatty acids decreased serum triglycerides (41%) and, to a lesser extent, serum cholesterol (17%). Neither glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) or DGAT were affected by n-3 fatty acids. In contrast, PAP activity was reduced by 26%. HMG-CoA reductase was not significantly affected, whereas cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was reduced by 36%. The results indicate that part of the TG-lowering effect of long-chain n-3 fatty acids may be mediated by inhibition of the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. The effect on serum cholesterol may be partly due to inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase.
Treatment of congenital clubfoot with the Ponseti method (2013)

This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of parents of children with clubfoot regarding the Ponseti method of treatment, and identify aspects of treatment that families found most difficult. Thirty families of children with clubfoot were treated with the Ponseti method over a 4-year period, and questionnaires were distributed at the conclusion of treatment. The most difficult components of treatment were identified. However, these challenges did not impact treatment outcome negatively. We hypothesize that a strong physician-patient relationship and high levels of parental education may decrease perceived difficulties of treatment with the Ponseti method.
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendins on kinase activity, glucose transport and lipid metabolism in adipocytes from normal and type-2 diabetic rats (2005)

Several kinases have been implicated in the metabolic response of human and rat myocytes to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), exendin-4 (Ex-4) and exendin-9 (Ex-9). We have investigated, in isolated rat adipocytes, the changes caused by GLP-1, Ex-4 and Ex-9 compared with those provoked by insulin or glucagon, upon the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB), p42/44 MAP kinases (MAPKs) and p70s6 kinase (p70s6k), and the participation of these kinases and protein kinase C (PKC) in their action upon 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake, lipolysis and lipogenesis. The study was conducted in normal rats, and extended to a streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic model (STZ-rats). The participation of distinct kinases was estimated by using potential kinase inhibitors, including wortmannin, PD98059, rapamycin, H-7 and RO31-8220. In normal rat adipocytes, GLP-1 and both exendins share with insulin an increasing action upon the activity of all kinases studied (except PKB), PI3K, p44 and p42 MAPKs and possibly PKC, all being required for their stimulating effect upon glucose uptake. Ex-4 and Ex-9, like GLP-1 and insulin, have lipogenic action, while only Ex-4 shares with GLP-1 its lipolytic effect which is antagonized by Ex-9. MAP kinases and PKC seem to have an essential role in the GLP-1 and Ex-4 lipolytic action, as does PI3K in that of Ex-4. An increase in PI3K and MAPKs activity for the lipogenic effect of Ex-4, Ex-9 and GLP-1 are required, and in the case of Ex-4 and Ex-9, a stimulation of p70s6k activity is also needed. In cells from STZ-rats the magnitude of the above parameters was, in general, comparable to that in normal animals, with some exceptions: basal PI3K activity and lipogenesis were higher, GLP-1, Ex-4 and Ex-9 failed to modify basal lipogenesis but increased PKB activity, insulin failed to affect the activity of MAPKs and the insulin-induced glucose uptake was impaired. The impaired insulin effects upon some of the variables in the STZ-rat, distinct from those of GLP-1 and exendins, adds knowledge to the mechanism of the beneficial action of GLP-1 and Ex-4 in diabetic states.
Bortezomib and SAHA Synergistically Induce ROS-Driven Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Block Replication of Epstein–Barr Virus (2013)

A novel drug combination of a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), was tested in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), both in vitro and in vivo. Dose-response of different concentrations of bortezomib and SAHA on inhibition of cell proliferation of NPC was determined. Mechanisms of apoptosis and effects on lytic cycle activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were investigated. Combination of bortezomib and SAHA (bortezomib/SAHA) synergistically induced killing of a panel of NPC cell lines. Pronounced increase in sub-G1, Annexin V-positive, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cell populations were detected after treatment with bortezomib/SAHA when compared with either drug alone. Concomitantly, markedly augmented proteolytic cleavage of PARP, caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and caspase-8-dependent histone acetylation were observed. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine, diminished the apoptotic effects of bortezomib/SAHA, whereas caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly suppressed the apoptosis without decreasing the generation of ROS. Bortezomib inhibited SAHA's induction of EBV replication and abrogated production of infectious viral particles in NPC cells. Furthermore, bortezomib/SAHA potently induced apoptosis and suppressed the growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, the novel drug combination of bortezomib and SAHA is highly synergistic in the killing of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. The major mechanism of cell death is ROS-driven caspase-dependent apoptosis. Bortezomib antagonizes SAHA's activation of EBV lytic cycle in NPC cells. This study provides a strong basis for clinical testing of the combination drug regimen in patients with NPC.
Intravitreous anti-raf-1 kinase antisense oligonucleotide as an angioinhibitory agent in porcine preretinal neovascularization (2003)

ISIS 107189 successfully inhibited neovascularization in this model, which was correlated with an inhibition of expression of C-raf-1 kinase. While not proven in these studies, these results suggest that C-raf kinase may be important in angiogenesis. Antisense therapy has potential applicability in the therapy of ocular neovascular diseases.
Neue Amino‐Derivate des Schwefelhexafluorids (1975)

Abstract Durch SiN‐Spaltungsreaktion von Pentafluoroschwefelschwefeldi‐fluoridimid 1 mit Silylaminen entstehen die Verbindungen SF 5 NS(F)NR 2 und SF 5 NS(NR 2 ) 2 . 1 gibt mit PCl 5 SF 5 NSCl 2 . Die IR‐, MS‐ und insbesondere die NMR‐Spektren der neu dargestellten Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt und mit anderen SF 6 ‐Derivaten verglichen.
The Existence of Moving Groups and the Disk Heating Problem (1996)

A powerful moving group-finding algorithm has been developed and applied to a large sample of B, A and F main sequence stars from the Hipparcos Input Catalogue. Four moving groups near the Sun (Pleiades, Sirius, IC2391 and Hyades) have been identified without assuming any a priori knowledge of the properties of moving groups. This is the most convincing objective evidence for their existence. After the members of the moving groups are removed from the sample, we investigate the disk heating problem. The results show that the velocity dispersion of the local disk stars increases with age, roughly as ≃ ∞ τ 1/5 .
The Structure of Cassaic Acid (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Cassaic AcidRobert L. Clarke, Sol J. Daum, Philip E. Shaw, and Rudolph K. KullnigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 24, 5865–5871Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00976a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00976a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cohesin-independent segregation of sister chromatids in budding yeast (2011)

Cohesin generates cohesion between sister chromatids, which enables chromosomes to form bipolar attachments to the mitotic spindle and segregate. Cohesin also functions in chromosome condensation, transcriptional regulation, and DNA damage repair. Here we analyze the role of acetylation in modulating cohesin functions and how it affects budding yeast viability. Previous studies show that cohesion establishment requires Eco1p-mediated acetylation of the cohesin subunit Smc3p at residue K113. Smc3p acetylation was proposed to promote establishment by merely relieving Wpl1p inhibition because deletion of WPL1 bypasses the lethality of an ECO1 deletion (eco1Δ wpl1Δ). We find that little, if any, cohesion is established in eco1Δ wpl1Δ cells, indicating that Eco1p performs a function beyond antagonizing Wpl1p. Cohesion also fails to be established when SMC3 acetyl-mimics (K113Q or K112R,K113Q) are the sole functional SMC3s in cells. These results suggest that Smc3p acetylation levels affect establishment. It is remarkable that, despite their severe cohesion defect, eco1Δ wpl1Δ and smc3-K112R,K113Q strains are viable because a cohesin-independent mechanism enables bipolar attachment and segregation. This alternative mechanism is insufficient for smc3-K113Q strain viability. Smc3-K113Q is defective for condensation, whereas eco1Δ wpl1Δ and smc3-K112R,K113Q strains are competent for condensation. We suggest that Smc3p acetylation and Wpl1p antagonistically regulate cohesin's essential role in condensation.
COCARBOXYLASE, PYRUVIC ACID AND BISULFITE-BINDING SUBSTANCES IN CHILDREN (1941)

It has been known for years that the adequate functioning of the brain is dependent on a carbohydrate substrate and an adequate supply of oxygen. In addition, various enzyme and coenzyme systems are necessary for the complete breakdown and utilization of this carbohydrate by the brain. Among the more important of the latter systems is thiamine (vitamin B1), or, more specifically, its diphosphoric ester, cocarboxylase. Proof is now available that this substance is necessary for the breakdown of pyruvic acid,1one of the normal intermediary products of carbohydrate catabolism. This is further substantiated by the fact that in oriental Beriberi2and alcoholic peripheral neuropathy,3both diseases known to be due to a deficiency of vitamin B1, pyruvic acid accumulates in the body fluids. Further work may of course indicate that conditions other than those resulting from a deficiency of vitamin B1may cause elevations
Semiconductor laser digital scanner (1990)

A novel static semiconductor laser digital scanner is proposed and demonstrated. The scanner consists of a monolithically integrated semiconductor laser array and an aspheric convex lens. Laser beams are deflected and scanned digitally by the convex lens with no mechanical action. Extremely high scanning speed can be achieved with this scanner because the scanning speed is in principle limited only by semiconductor laser switching time. Scanning angles of the laser beam up to 400 were obtained for a 10-element semiconductor laser array. The array spacing is 300 p.m. and an aspheric convex lens with 4.5 mm focal length was used. Intensity profiles of the deflected beam coincide with calculations using the ray tracing method.
Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity, Heat Capacity, and Heat Generation of PZT (1995)

The thermal conductivity, heat capacity and heat generation properties of two poled piezoceramic materials, a "soft" PZT-5H and a "hard" PZT-4S, were measured over the temperature range from 20 K to above 150 K. A single sample was used for each test type. The thermal conductivity (in the poling direction) of PZT-5H increased from 0.010 W/m-K at 15 K to 0.14 W/m-K at 300 K. The thermal conductivity of PZT-4S was generally higher, increasing from 0.018 to 0.34 W/m-K over the same temperature range. The heat capacity of PZT-5H increased from 23.3 J/kg-K at 23 K to 348 J/kg-K at 153 K, while the heat capacity of PZT-4S increased from 42.6 to 159 J/kg-K over the same range. Heat generation varied with drive amplitude and frequency as well as temperature, and is presented as an effective dielectric loss property. The dielectric loss for PZT-5H at 100 Hz varied from 4.15 (20 K) to 23.1 (150 K), and at 2000 Hz from 9.8 (20K) to 26.5 (150 K). As expected, the dielectric loss for the "hard" PZT-4S was lower, and varied at 100 Hz from 2.86 (25 K) to 16.2 (150 K), and at 2000 Hz from 6.47 (25 K) to 20.2 (150 K). A "transition" type behavior between 50 K and 80 K was observed for both materials.
A survey of RF DAC Architectures (2010)

A brief overview of different approaches to implement highfrequency,digital-to-analog converters (DACs), sometimes also referredto as radio-frequency DACs (RF DACs) or mixer DACs is given.Recently, ...
Critical Adsorption at the Free Surface of a Smectic Liquid Crystal Possessing a Second-Order Phase Transition (1996)

The surface-induced molecular tilt near the second-order smectic-A (untilted)--smectic-C (tilted) transition is studied in freely suspended films consisting of hundreds of molecular layers. As the bulk transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ is approached from above, the overall amount of the surface-induced tilt, which is far above ${T}_{c}$ restricted to a few molecular layers near the surface, grows in a divergencelike behavior. The experimental results are compared with the Fisher--de Gennes model of critical adsorption.
Children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and increasing mixed chimaerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation have a poor outcome which can be improved by pre‐emptive immunotherapy (2005)

We recently reported that virtually all children with acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who develop the phenotype of increasing mixed chimaerism (MC) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) will relapse. We therefore performed a prospective, multi-centre study focused on children with MDS (n = 65; advanced MDS = 44, refractory cytopenia = 21) after allo-SCT in order to determine to what extent relapse can be prevented by pre-emptive immunotherapy on the basis of increasing MC. Analyses of chimaerism in 44 patients with advanced MDS revealed 31 cases with complete chimaerism (CC)/low-level MC/transient MC, 11 cases with increasing MC and two cases with decreasing MC. The same analyses in 21 MDS patients with refractory cytopenia revealed 17 cases with CC/low-level MC, one case with increasing MC and three cases with decreasing MC. Pre-emptive immunotherapy performed on each patient that showed increasing MC improved event-free survival from 0%, as seen in prior studies, to 50%. We therefore conclude that pre-emptive immunotherapy is an effective treatment option to prevent impending relapse in children with MDS after allo-SCT.
Evaluation of clipping-noise suppression of stationary-noisy speech based on spectral compensation (2014)

Development of communication systems allows people to easily record and distribute their speech. The clipping-noise, however, degrades the sound quality in the speech recording when gain level of input signals is excessive in the maximum range of an amplitude. In this case, it is necessary to suppress the clipping- noise in the observed speech for improving its sound quality. Although a linear prediction method has been conventionally proposed for suppressing the clipping-noise, it has a problem with degradation of the restoration performance by cumulating error when the speech includes a large amount of the clipping-noise. This paper describes a method for the clipping-noise suppression for the stationary-noisy speech based on the spectral compensation in a noisy environment. In this method, to suppress the clipping-noise, the Gaussian mixture models are utilized for modeling the power spectral envelope of the speech on each frame in the lower frequency band. The clean speech signals in a database are also utilized for restoring the clipping speech in the higher frequency band. We carried out evaluation experiments with a speech quality, and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method for the speech which includes a large amount of the clipping-noise.
Correlating Laboratory Oil Aerosol Coking Rig Tests to Diesel Engine Tests to Understand the Mechanisms Responsible for Turbocharger Compressor Coking (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Deposit formation within turbocharger compressor housings can lead to compressor efficiency degradation. This loss of turbo efficiency may degrade fuel economy and increase CO<sub>2</sub> and NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> emissions. To understand the role that engine oil composition and formulation play in deposit formation, five different lubricants were run in a fired engine test while monitoring turbocharger compressor efficiency over time. Base stock group, additive package, and viscosity modifier treat rate were varied in the lubricants tested. After each test was completed the turbocharger compressor cover and back plate deposits were characterized.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A laboratory oil mist coking rig has also been constructed, which generated deposits having the same characteristics as those from the engine tests. By analyzing results from both lab and engine tests, correlations between deposit characteristics and their effect on compressor efficiency were observed. The physical characteristics of these deposits, as well as parameters affecting deposit formation such as the chemistry of the oil formulations, oil aerosol particle sizes, and mass of oil mist flow are discussed. The rough/smooth and dry/wet qualities of the deposits were found to correlate most with compressor efficiency loss; thickness and mass of deposits did not correlate.</div></div>
Disciplined radicals and disciplinary radical reactions (Barton decarboxylation) (1993)

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Broadband Polarization Mode Dispersion Measurement via Spectral Polarimetry (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. Xu, S. X. Wang, and A. M. Weiner, "Broadband Polarization Mode Dispersion Measurement via Spectral Polarimetry," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper FMD1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Single switch dual output converter dynamic behavior and operating range (2003)

The dynamic behavior and the operating range of a single-switch dual-output DC-DC converter is presented. The circuit is developed for automotive applications requiring regulated 12 V and 5 V supplies from a 24 V battery. The converter provides two independently regulated DC outputs from a single DC voltage source using one power semiconductor switch. Two discrete closed-loop feedback paths regulate the output voltages. One output voltage, supplied from a low-pass filter, is regulated by adjusting the duty cycle, while the other output, supplied from a higher-frequency bandpass filter, is controlled by the switching frequency. The converter is implemented using a 16-b Intel 8096 microcontroller communicating to external switching elements and control logic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radionuklidtracermethode zur Untersuchung von Strömungsverteilungen in technischen Elektrolyseanlagen (1976)

Es wird eine apparativ einfache Methode der Probennahmetechnik mittels Tauchsonden beschrieben. Mit deren Hilfe ist es möglich, Vielfachmessungen bei Radionuklidtraceruntersuchungen an technischen Anlagen durchzuführen und so örtliche Darstellungen von Strömungsverhāltnissen zu erhalten. Experimentelle Ergebnisse der Anwendung des Verfahrens zur Aufklārung von Elektrolytbewegungen in Bādern der elektrolytischen Kupferraffination werden vorgestellt.