gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2.4-GHz Energy-Efficient Transmitter for Wireless Medical Applications (2010)

A 2.4-GHz energy-efficient transmitter (TX) for wireless medical applications is presented in this paper. It consists of four blocks: a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer with a direct frequency presetting technique, a class-B power amplifier, a digital processor, and nonvolatile memory (NVM). The frequency presetting technique can accurately preset the carrier frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator and reduce the lock-in time of the PLL synthesizer, further increasing the data rate of communication with low power consumption. The digital processor automatically compensates preset frequency variation with process, voltage, and temperature. The NVM stores the presetting signals and calibration data so that the TX can avoid the repetitive calibration process and save the energy in practical applications. The design is implemented in 0.18- μm radio-frequency complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process and the active area is 1.3 mm (2). The TX achieves 0-dBm output power with a maximum data rate of 4 Mb/s/2 Mb/s and dissipates 2.7-mA/5.4-mA current from a 1.8-V power supply for on-off keying/frequency-shift keying modulation, respectively. The corresponding energy efficiency is 1.2 nJ/b·mW and 4.8 nJ/b· mW when normalized to the transmitting power.
Virtualization and Virtual Data Management for Field Data Sensing (2016)

High-data-rate sensing and processing in the field are important for emerging applications in intelligent transportation, surveillance, and environmental management. For these systems, virtualization and virtual data management bring the benefits of easy deployment, flexible control, and strong data containment. Despite limited resources in the field, we show that optimized virtualization support can realize near-native performance for data-intensive sensing workloads. To further reduce storage and network I/O costs, we present new virtual storage deduplication mechanisms that identify duplicates in continuous sensing workloads at low CPU and memory uses. Finally, we support efficient encryption of sensor-captured and derived data in a virtual disk through storage versioning and deduplication. Our Xen-based system prototype is deployed on an Intel Atom-equipped device (below 7 W). We experimented with realistic field workloads and data streams for vehicle traffic analysis, face detection, and motion capture. Measurements show that the virtualization incurs no more than 8% CPU overhead. Additional data deduplication and encryption lead to a total of below 18% CPU cost and 0.1W power use. Our I/O saving mechanisms reduce Flash I/O writes by up to 33% and save VM installation/upgrade network I/O by 3 to 10 times.
Performance optimizations of virtual keyboards for stroke-based text entry on a touch-based tabletop (2010)

Efficiently entering text on interactive surfaces, such as touch-based tabletops, is an important concern. One novel solution is shape writing - the user strokes through all the letters in the word on a virtual keyboard without lifting his or her finger. While this technique can be used with any keyboard layout, the layout does impact the expected performance. In this paper, I investigate the influence of keyboard layout on expert text-entry performance for stroke-based text entry. Based on empirical data, I create a model of stroking through a series of points based on Fitts's law. I then use that model to evaluate various keyboard layouts for both tapping and stroking input. While the stroke-based technique seems promising by itself (i.e., there is a predicted gain of 17.3% for a Qwerty layout), significant additional gains can be made by using a more-suitable keyboard layout (e.g., the OPTI II layout is predicted to be 29.5% faster than Qwerty).
Cholesterol Uptake by Erythrocyte Membranes (1977)

Conference Article| August 01 1977 Cholesterol Uptake by Erythrocyte Membranes CHRISTOPHER J. KIRBY; CHRISTOPHER J. KIRBY 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar COLIN GREEN COLIN GREEN 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1977) 5 (4): 1160–1162. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0051160 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation CHRISTOPHER J. KIRBY, COLIN GREEN; Cholesterol Uptake by Erythrocyte Membranes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1977; 5 (4): 1160–1162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0051160 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1977 Biochemical Society1977 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Notes-Chloroethylation of Sulfuric Acid (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes-Chloroethylation of Sulfuric AcidG HamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 4148–4150Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online3 July 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a628https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a628research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Frequency Domain Approach to Characterize and Analyze Load Profiles (2011)

This paper proposes a frequency domain approach to characterize and analyze load profiles. It first establishes the methodology and then discusses the prerequisite conditions and the benefits. Using real load data from three utilities, the paper will demonstrate that the customer classes' load profiles can be accurately represented by their significant harmonics in a compact and flexible format. The frequency domain statistics from the same load dataset is also analyzed and discussed to show the benefits and how new knowledge can be gained from using this approach.
Cytomegaloviruses: a Historical Perspective. (2000)

The cellular changes associated with the cytomegaloviruses result in enlarged cells with prominent nuclei. These were first described by pathologists and for many years they were considered to be parasitic protozoa. In 1926, however, it was suggested that the aetiological agent was probably a virus, and the viruses responsible were isolated independently by three groups in 1956. Demonstration of antigenic heterogeneity between the isolates led to the term cytomegaloviruses (CMV). Clinical studies first concentrated on overt congenital infection in CMV-infected individuals who exhibited neurological defects; however, the picture of congenital infection was altered and expanded by subsequent longitudinal studies. Asymptomatic CMV-infected newborns were often found to develop deafness. It was discovered that infected children could excrete CMV in their urine for several months and, from this source, the virus was able to spread rapidly in environments such as day-care centres. While CMV infection acquired by adults was often asymptomatic, a CMV mononucleosis syndrome was later recognized. This was followed, in 1966, by the discovery that CMV mononucleosis could develop after the transfusion of CMV-infected blood. Subsequently, CMV infection in the immunosuppressed subject became recognized as a serious cause of morbidity and mortality.
BALB/c Invariant Chain Mutant Mice Display Relatively Efficient Maturation of CD4+ T Cells in the Periphery and Secondary Proliferative Responses Elicited upon Peptide Challenge (1999)

Allelic differences are known to influence many important aspects of class II biosynthesis, including subunit assembly, Ii chain associations, and DM-mediated peptide loading. Mutant mouse strains lacking Ii chain expression have been previously studied on mixed genetic backgrounds. The present experiments describe cellular and functional characteristics of congenic BALB/c Ii chain mutants. As expected, class II surface expression was markedly decreased, but in contrast to I-Ad-transfected cell lines, serological analysis of BALB/c Ii chain-deficient spleen cells gave no evidence for discordant expression of class II conformational epitopes. Thus, we conclude that properly folded class II molecules are exported via the Ii chain-independent pathway. Functional assays demonstrate consistently superior peptide-loading capabilities, suggesting that these I-Ad molecules are empty or occupied by an easily displaced peptide(s). Defective B cell development was observed for three mutant strains established on diverse genetic backgrounds. Ii chain function is also essential for optimal class II surface expression by mature splenic dendritic cells. Surprisingly, we observe in BALB/c Ii chain mutants, relatively efficient maturation of CD4+ T cells in the periphery and secondary proliferative responses elicited upon peptide challenge. The milder phenotype displayed by BALB/c Ii chain mutants in comparison with class II functional defects previously described for mouse strains lacking Ii chain is likely to have an effect on disease susceptibility.
6LoWPAN: a study on QoS security threats and countermeasures using intrusion detection system approach (2012)

SUMMARY Fuelled to bring the Internet of Things concept to real life, the Internet Engineering Task Force is working on 6LoWPAN, in which the standard allows a vast number of smart objects to be deployed in local wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using the huge address space of IPv6 for data and information harvesting through the Internet. From the security point of view, 6LoWPAN/WSN will be open to security threats from the local network itself and the Internet. Cryptography techniques applied as the front line of defence or deterrent can easily be broken because of the weak secure nature of LoWPAN devices and the wireless environment. Compromised nodes could lead to insider attacks without being detected by any cryptography checking. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is, primarily needed as a second line of defence to monitor the network operations and raise an alarm in case of any anomaly. This paper analyses potential security threats in 6LoWPAN and reviews the current countermeasures, in particular, the IDS‐based solutions for countering insider/internal threats. Additionally, it discovers three novel QoS‐related security threats, namely rank attack, local repair attack, and resource depleting attack, which are more seriously affecting the routing protocol for low‐power and lossy network, the routing protocol used to establish 6LoWPAN network topology. A new two‐layer IDS concept is introduced as a countermeasure method for securing the routing protocol for low‐power and lossy network‐built network topology from the internal QoS attacks. Potential research works are also presented to provide baseline reference to researchers in this field. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aportaciones desde la resolución de problemas a la construcción de conocimiento profesional (2019)

Este artículo muestra una visión compleja e integradora del conocimiento profesional del profesor de matemáticas. Concibe la resolución de problemas como tarea que promueve la construcción de aprendizaje signijicativo y considera que debe ser tratada como objeto de conocimiento, como conocimiento a alcanzar, y como facilitadora del desarrollo profesional. En el contexto de la formación inicial de maestros, presenta extractos de un estudio etnográfico, cualitativo y descriptivo, desarrollado con alumnos de una asignatura. Se exponen seis situaciones en las que se ejemplifican características deseables del conocimiento profesional, promovidas a partir de la resolución en clase de determinados problemas. Las características abordadas son: 1) la importancia de ser consciente de las metas educativas; 2) la posesión de elementos de reflexión sobre las implicaciones de la adopción de diversas teorías y concepciones; 3) la necesidad de poseer criterios para organizar las actividades de aula; 4) la posesión de una actitud abierta y flexible; 5) la necesidad de poseer interrogantes y una postura crítica ante la información; y 6) la conveniencia de situarse en el punto de vista del alumno.
Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub>Stimulates the Raf/MEK1/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade in Bovine Luteal Cells<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Upon binding to its G protein-coupled transmembrane receptors, the actions of PGF2alpha on the corpus luteum are initiated by the phospholipase C/diacylglycerol-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)/Ca2+-protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. However, little is known about the downstream intracellular signaling events that can lead to transcriptional activation in response to PGF2alpha. The present study was conducted to examine the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in the corpus luteum. Three isoforms of the Raf family of oncoprotein kinases (A-Raf, B-Raf, and Raf-1 or c-Raf) were detected in bovine luteal cells. Raf-1 and B-Raf, but not A-Raf, were activated by PGF2alpha (1 microM) and the pharmacological PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 20 nM). Kinetic analysis revealed that PGF2alpha rapidly and transiently activated Raf-1. In vitro protein kinase assays demonstrated that activation of Raf-1 and B-Raf resulted in the phosphorylation and activation of MAPK kinase (MEK1), which subsequently phosphorylated p42mapk. As determined by hyperphosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation, and enzymatic activity, p42mapk and p44mapk were rapidly and transiently activated by both PGF2alpha (1 microM) and PMA (20 nM). Additionally, both PGF2alpha (1 microM) and PMA (20 nM) stimulated phosphorylation of Raf-1, MEK1, and p42mapk in 32P-labeled cells. Our data demonstrate that PGF2alpha activates the Raf/MEK1/p42/44mapk signaling cascade in bovine luteal cells and that the actions of PGF2alpha are mimicked by the PKC activator PMA. Activation of the Raf/MEK1/MAPK signaling cascade by PGF2alpha in luteal cells provides a mechanism to transduce signals initiated by PGF2alpha receptors on the cell surface into the nucleus. Activation of the Raf/MEK1/MAPK signaling cascade may be associated with transcriptional activation of luteal genes possessing activator protein-1-binding sites.
Über Chalkogenolate. 97[1] Wolframthioxanthate (1980)

Abstract Die schwarzblau gefärbten Wolfram(IV)‐alkylthioxanthate W[S 2 CSR] 4 mit RC 2 H 5 , i C 3 H 7 , t C 4 H 9 wurden durch Umsetzung von [( n C 4 H 9 ) 4 N]W(CO) 5 I mit dem entsprechenden Bis(alkylthioxanthogen) hergestellt. Die Oxydation von W[S 2 CSC 2 H 5 ] 4 mit Iod liefert messingfarbenes W[S 2 CSC 2 H 5 ] 4 (I 5 ). Die Darstellung von schwarzgrünem W 2 S 3 [S 2 CSC 2 H 5 ] 4 bzw. olivgrünem W 2 O 3 [S 2 CSC 2 H 5 ] 4 gelang durch vorsichtiges Ansäuern wäßriger Lösungen, die [S 2 CSC 2 H 5 ] − ‐und WS 4 2− ‐bzw. WO 2 S 2 2− Ionen enthalten. Die hergestellten Verbindungen wurden mit chemischen und thermoanalytischen Methoden sowie mit IR, UV, 1 HNMR und Massenspektren charakterisiert.
Development of inorganic resists for electron beam lithography: Novel materials and simulations (2004)

Electron beam lithography is gaining widespread utilization as the semiconductor industry progresses towards both advanced optical and non-optical lithographic technologies for high resolution patterning. The current resist technologies are based on organic systems that are imaged most commonly through chain scission, networking, or a chemically amplified polarity change in the material. Alternative resists based on inorganic systems were developed and characterized in this research for high resolution electron beam lithography and their interactions with incident electrons were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. A novel inorganic resist imaging scheme was developed using metal-organic precursors which decompose to form metal oxides upon electron beam irradiation that can serve as inorganic hard masks for hybrid bilayer inorganic-organic imaging systems and also as directly patternable high resolution metal oxide structures. The electron beam imaging properties of these metal-organic materials were correlated to the precursor structure by studying effects such as interactions between high atomic number species and the incident electrons. Optimal single and multicomponent precursors were designed for utilization as viable inorganic resist materials for sub-50nm patterning in electron beam lithography. The electron beam imaging characteristics of the most widely used inorganic resist material, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), was also enhanced using a dual processing imaging approach with thermal curing as well as a sensitizer catalyzed imaging approach. The interaction between incident electrons and the high atomic number species contained in these inorganic resists was also studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The resolution attainable using inorganic systems as compared to organic systems can be greater for accelerating voltages greater than 50 keV due to minimized lateral scattering in the high density inorganic systems. The effects of loading nanoparticles in an electron beam resist was also investigated using a newly developed hybrid Monte Carlo approach that accounts for multiple components in a solid film. The resolution of the nanocomposite resist process was found to degrade with increasing nanoparticle loading. Finally, the electron beam patterning of self-assembled monolayers, which were found to primarily utilize backscattered electrons from the high atomic number substrate materials to form images, was also investigated and characterized. It was found that backscattered electrons limit the resolution attainable at low incident electron energies.
High-Yield Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Urea and Methanol Using a Catalytic Distillation Process (2007)

Reaction equilibrium for the dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis from urea and methanol was calculated based on the Benson method, and results showed that the reaction was thermodynamically unfavorable. In addition, urea methanolysis was conformed to be a consecutive reaction. Major side reactions in the DMC synthesis included the thermal decomposition of DMC and reaction between methyl carbamate (MC) and DMC, which reduced the DMC yield in the batch process. A catalytic distillation technique was proposed in this study to minimize the side reactions and unfavorable equilibrium for DMC synthesis. The DMC yield reached 60−70% in the catalytic distillation reactor over a Zn-based catalyst.
Detection of Subsurface Defects in Metal Materials Using Infrared Thermography; Image Processing and Finite Element Modeling (2014)

Infrared thermography is an emerging approach to non-contact, non-intrusive, and non-destructive inspection of various solid materials such as metals, composites, and semiconductors for industrial and research interests. In this study, data processing was applied to infrared thermography measurements to detect defects in metals that were widely used in industrial fields. When analyzing experimental data from infrared thermographic testing, raw images were often not appropriate. Thus, various data analysis methods were used at the pre-processing and processing levels in data processing programs for quantitative analysis of defect detection and characterization; these increased the infrared non-destructive testing capabilities since subtle defects signature became apparent. A 3D finite element simulation was performed to verify and analyze the data obtained from both the experiment and the image processing techniques.
Detection of Identity-Based Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Signalprints (2010)

A number of green technologies such as Smart Power Grids, Smart Buildings, Smart Industrial Process and Smart Transportation rely on sensor technology. Sensor networks consist of a network of autonomous sensors that can reconfigure themselves so as to sense the environment in the most efficient manner. However, a significant challenge in the practical application of sensor networks is the need for credible network security. An important problem in wireless network security is sender authentication. The existing schemes for sender authentication that are based on IP and MAC address can be easily spoofed by the sender. In this paper, we propose a method to apply signal prints to WSNs so as to detect identity-based attacks. The use of signal prints allows us to identify the sender based on the received signal characteristics thereby making it harder to spoof. However, in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), battery discharge causes received signal characteristics to vary. Also, WSNs are dense networks and, generally, do not have a centralized authority. These must be taken into a consideration while designing a solution.
The relationship between social deprivation and unilateral termination (attrition) from psychotherapy at various stages of the health care pathway (2005)

The relationship between social deprivation and attrition from psychotherapy was examined at various stages of the health care pathway. Data providing information on service users' discharge status gave a measure of attrition at different stages along this pathway. On the basis of their postcode, service users were allocated a Townsend deprivation score, which is a measure of social deprivation. Of the sample, 60% terminated therapy prior to agreed discharge at various pathway stages. Service users who failed to attend their first appointment had significantly higher social deprivation scores than those who completed therapy. Early terminators, who stopped attending before their fifth session, had a significantly higher level of social deprivation than the late terminators, and those who completed therapy. The late terminators did not significantly differ from completers on social deprivation. These results support earlier findings showing that socio-economic status influences attrition from therapy. However, socioeconomic status only affects two stages of the pathway - attendance at the first appointment, and the early stage of attending therapy. It does not affect earlier or later stages of the pathway. Applying the health action process approach (HAPA) model to the results, the action/maintenance stage can be represented by attendance for therapy. Socio-economic status influences this stage of the model, because social support and resources are important determinants for compliance. Earlier stages, characterized by HAPA as a decisional/motivation stage thought to be influenced by beliefs, was not affected by social deprivation. It is concluded that attrition from therapy should be studied separately for each pathway stage. Earlier conflicting findings on causes of attrition may have resulted from studying different combinations of pathway stages.