gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FREQUENCY OF 8q24 PROSTATE CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY ALLELES ACROSS AGE GROUPS OF MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008FREQUENCY OF 8q24 PROSTATE CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY ALLELES ACROSS AGE GROUPS OF MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER Joshua J Meeks, Brian T Helfand, Donghui Kan, Norm D Smith, Dana M Mondo, Christopher R Griffin, and William J Catalona Joshua J MeeksJoshua J Meeks More articles by this author , Brian T HelfandBrian T Helfand More articles by this author , Donghui KanDonghui Kan More articles by this author , Norm D SmithNorm D Smith More articles by this author , Dana M MondoDana M Mondo More articles by this author , Christopher R GriffinChristopher R Griffin More articles by this author , and William J CatalonaWilliam J Catalona More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61240-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "FREQUENCY OF 8q24 PROSTATE CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY ALLELES ACROSS AGE GROUPS OF MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 423 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 423 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Joshua J Meeks More articles by this author Brian T Helfand More articles by this author Donghui Kan More articles by this author Norm D Smith More articles by this author Dana M Mondo More articles by this author Christopher R Griffin More articles by this author William J Catalona More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Response Measurement Accuracy for Off-Resonance Excitation in Atomic Force Microscopy (2010)

Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an invaluable tool for characterizing and interacting with micro- and nano-scale systems. Standard measurement methods use a laser beam and a segmented photodiode to monitor the probe’s response. The diode reading is proportional to the slope of the probe and the displacement is obtained indirectly. As most operation methods use excitation around the fundamental frequency, calibration methods for determining the conversion factor to calculate the probe’s displacement are strongly inspired by the first vibrational mode shape. Within this paper, the results of an analytical study to predict measurement accuracy under non-standard excitation conditions with this calibration are presented. The influence of the excitation frequency, damping level, and laser spot location on this accuracy is investigated. The measurement accuracy for excitation at 2.5 times the fundamental frequency is of particular interest to the authors. Based upon the results, the use of a correction factor or a frequency-specific calibration is recommended.
Crystallographic Investigation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effects on Enzyme Structure (2015)

We present the first crystallographic insight into the interactions of an ionic liquid (IL) with an enzyme, which has widespread implications for stabilizing enzymes in IL media for biocatalysis. Structures of Bacillus subtilis lipase A (lipA) and an IL-stable variant (QM-lipA) were obtained in the presence of increasing concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]). These studies revealed that the [BMIM] cation interacts with surface residues through hydrophobic and cation-π interactions. Of specific interest was the disruption of internal stacking interactions of aromatic side chains by [BMIM], which provides structural evidence for the mechanism of enzyme denaturation by ILs. The interaction of [BMIM] and Cl ions with lipA was reduced by the stabilizing mutations Y49E and G158E in QM-lipA. Ultimately, these findings present the molecular basis for stabilizing enzymes from IL-induced inactivation, as well as the selection of ILs that are less denaturing.
Equilibrium Magnetization at the Boundary of a Magnetoelectric Antiferromagnet (2010)

Symmetry arguments are used to show that a boundary of a magnetoelectric antiferromagnet has an equilibrium magnetization. This magnetization is coupled to the bulk antiferromagnetic order parameter and can be switched along with it by a combination of E and B fields. As a result, the antiferromagnetic domain state of a magnetoelectric can be used as a nonvolatile switchable state variable in nanoelectronic device applications. Mechanisms affecting the boundary magnetization and its temperature dependence are classified. The boundary magnetization can be especially large if the boundary breaks the equivalence of the antiferromagnetic sublattices.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Diazonium Salts: A Novel α‐Amino Ester Synthesis. (1986)

Abstract Durch Hydrierung der aus den Estern (I) zugänglichen Hydrazone (IV) erhält man die Aminosäureester (V).
Correction for hidden confounders in the genetic analysis of gene expression (2010)

Understanding the genetic underpinnings of disease is important for screening, treatment, drug development, and basic biological insight. One way of getting at such an understanding is to find out which parts of our DNA, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, affect particular intermediary processes such as gene expression. Naively, such associations can be identified using a simple statistical test on all paired combinations of genetic variants and gene transcripts. However, a wide variety of confounders lie hidden in the data, leading to both spurious associations and missed associations if not properly addressed. We present a statistical model that jointly corrects for two particular kinds of hidden structure--population structure (e.g., race, family-relatedness), and microarray expression artifacts (e.g., batch effects), when these confounders are unknown. Applying our method to both real and synthetic, human and mouse data, we demonstrate the need for such a joint correction of confounders, and also the disadvantages of other possible approaches based on those in the current literature. In particular, we show that our class of models has maximum power to detect eQTL on synthetic data, and has the best performance on a bronze standard applied to real data. Lastly, our software and the associations we found with it are available at http://www.microsoft.com/science.
Signaling Mechanisms of D2, D3, and D4 Dopamine Receptors Determined in Transfected Cell Lines (1995)

The receptors in the dopamine D2-receptor subfamily—D2, D3, and D4—translate the signal transmitted by dopamine into a program of intracellular changes. These changes are mediated by various members of the G-protein superfamily. We have used cloned receptor expression systems to evaluate the signaling systems that can be activated by these receptors. Inhibition of cAMP is one signaling pathway that appears to be activated by stimulation of all three receptor subtypes. The NaH-1 exchanger is also activated by stimulation of the D2-receptor subtype, with lesser effects seen after D4- and D3- receptor stimulation. The net effect of such activation is an increase in the rate of extracellular acidification. Stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) selectively desensitizes D3 and D4, but not D2, activation of the NaH-1 exchanger. Similarly, although both D2 and D4 activation potentiate ATP-stimulated arachidonic acid release, agents that activate PKA affect only the D2-mediated response. Activation of D2, D3, and D4 receptors stimulates mitogenesis, with the degree of stimulation dependent on receptor type. D2 receptors transiently stimulate the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases; the effects of the other receptor subtypes are not yet known. All of the D2-, D3-, and D4-mediated intracellular changes are sensitive to pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of a Gi or Go signal transduction protein. Therefore, D2, D3, and D4 receptors may control multiple signaling events.
Rethinking ImageNet Pre-Training (2019)

We report competitive results on object detection and instance segmentation on the COCO dataset using standard models trained from random initialization. The results are no worse than their ImageNet pre-training counterparts even when using the hyper-parameters of the baseline system (Mask R-CNN) that were optimized for fine-tuning pre-trained models, with the sole exception of increasing the number of training iterations so the randomly initialized models may converge. Training from random initialization is surprisingly robust; our results hold even when: (i) using only 10% of the training data, (ii) for deeper and wider models, and (iii) for multiple tasks and metrics. Experiments show that ImageNet pre-training speeds up convergence early in training, but does not necessarily provide regularization or improve final target task accuracy. To push the envelope we demonstrate 50.9 AP on COCO object detection without using any external data-a result on par with the top COCO 2017 competition results that used ImageNet pre-training. These observations challenge the conventional wisdom of ImageNet pre-training for dependent tasks and we expect these discoveries will encourage people to rethink the current de facto paradigm of `pretraining and fine-tuning' in computer vision.
Nitride-bonded silicon carbide composite filter (1995)

The objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate an advanced hot gas filter, using ceramic component technology, with enhanced durability to provide increased resistance to thermal fatigue and crack propagation. The material is silicon carbide fiber reinforced nitride bonded silicon carbide.
Gallium Phosphide Nanowires as a Substrate for Cultured Neurons (2007)

Dissociated sensory neurons were cultured on epitaxial gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowires grown vertically from a gallium phosphide surface. Substrates covered by 2.5 microm long, 50 nm wide nanowires supported cell adhesion and axonal outgrowth. Cell survival was better on nanowire substrates than on planar control substrates. The cells interacted closely with the nanostructures, and cells penetrated by hundreds of wires were observed as well as wire bending due to forces exerted by the cells.
A Combined Neural and Genetic Approach to Sensor Placement (1995)

This paper describes an approach lo fault detection and classifcation using neural networks and genetic algorithms. Given the existence of an effective fault detection procedure, the problem arises as to how the tensors should be placed for optimal eficiency of the detector. In this paper, a neural network is wed to locate and classify faults and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) determines an optimal (or near optimal) S~DSOP distribution.
Temporal Masking and the “Active Process” in Normal and Hearing-Impaired Listeners (2019)

Physiological studies have shown that contralateral stimulation provides an increment in efferent activity, which can affect cochlear mechanics. In psychoacoustic studies, contralateral stimulation was used in an attempt to activate the efferent system in a series of temporal masking, or “overshoot” experiments. Due to the latency of efferent effects, thresholds are higher for signals presented at the onset of a masker, where the active process of the cochlea is presumably stronger than for signals presented later, when the efferent system has begun to influence the active process. In listeners with sensorineural hearing loss, who do not have an operational efferent feedback loop or an active process in the cochlea due to damaged outer hair cells, no overshoot is observed. In the hearing-impaired listener, the input-output function for cochlear vibration is steeper than when the active process is strong, and a smaller signal is required to achieve the necessary increment.
Incorporating amylopectin in poly(lactic acid) by melt blending using poly(ethylene‐<i>co</i>‐vinyl alcohol) as a thermoplastic carrier. II. Physical properties (2010)

Abstract This study adds to a previous morphological work (paper I) with further characterization of the developed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends containing amylopectin, which made use of an ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) as a melt‐compoundable carrier for the polysaccharide in the biopolyester. The effect of using glycerol as compatibilizer was also characterized. Water and oxygen transport parameters, mechanical properties, and comparative biodegradability tests were evaluated for the blends. From the results, the barrier properties to oxygen were only seen to improve at 0%RH and mostly for the PLA‐EVOH blends, which furthermore showed a positive deviation from the rule of mixtures. At high relative humidity, the blends showed somewhat poorer barrier performance due to the comparatively higher improvement in barrier of the neat PLA at 80% RH. Interestingly, room temperature biodegradability testing suggested that low additions of the blending elements seemed to facilitate the biodegradability of the biopolyester. Despite the fact that properties were not so dramatically improved, incorporating renewable resources within PLA seems as a potentially viable route to reduce PLA supply dependency, retain good optical properties and to overcome some drawbacks associated to the use of this biopolyester. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Multistable nonlinear Fabry–Perot interferometer (1982)

The hybrid nonlinear Fabry–Pcrot interferometer is described in the multistable mode of operation. The multistable characteristics are obtained by using a multimode laser and properly adjusting the interferometer length. Self-oscillations in such a system are reported. A possible application in optical multivalued logical elements is outlined.
Molecular characterization and localization of  the obligate endosymbiotic bacterium in the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae, Ischnorhynchinae) (2010)

In contrast to specific bacterial symbionts of many stinkbugs, which are harboured extracellularly in the lumina of midgut sacs or tubular outgrowths, the obligate endosymbiont of birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) resides in a red-coloured, raspberry-shaped mycetome, localized abdominally, close to the midgut section. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene and the groEL (chaperonin) gene, showed that the bacteria belong to the gamma-subdivision of the Proteobacteria and revealed a phylogenetic relationship with bacterial endosymbionts of Wigglesworthia glossinidia, the primary symbiont of tse-tse fly Glossina brevipalpis. Furthermore, RFLP analysis and sequencing revealed that K. resedae was also infected by Alphaproteobacteria of the genera Wolbachia and Rickettsia. The distribution and transmission of Kleidocerys endosymbiont in adults and all nymph stages were studied using FISH. The detection of symbionts at the anterior poles of developing eggs indicated that endosymbionts are transmitted vertically to offspring. Ultrastructural examinations by electron microscopy revealed the packed accommodation of rod-shaped bacteria in the cytoplasm of mycetocytes. A new genus and species name, 'Candidatus Kleidoceria schneideri', is proposed for this newly characterized clade of symbiotic bacteria.
Transition Metal Complex Catalysis in Fine Organic Synthesis. A Personal Account. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: AN O‐PALLADINIZED COMPLEX OF 2,5‐DIPHENYL‐1,6,6AΛ4‐TRITHIAPENTALENE (1979)

Abstract Das Trithiapentalen (I) reagiert mit Pd(II)‐chlorid in Gegenwart von LiCl in siedendem Methanol‐Benzol unter HCl‐Abspaltung zu dem luftstabilen, dimeren Komplex (II).
Enhancing biological production of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and soil nitrate. Progress report (1980)

This report focuses on the genetic engineering of improved strains of root nodule bacteria--Rhizobium japonicum--which form effective nitrogen fixing associations with soybeans. Methodology is presented for the molecular cloning of nitrogen fixing (nif) genes of soybean Rhizobium and the hydrogen uptake (Hup) system in R. japonicum. The latter includes strategies for genetic engineering of Hup genes to enhance energy efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Also described are the function of osmotic tolerance (osm) plasmids and stages of genetic engineering to protect the bacteria against drought and salinity stresses. Strains of Rhizobium leguminosorium were examined to determine how their plasmid content affects symbiosis and host plant function. Other studies include the enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation in rice paddies, conservation of fixed nitrogen, and integrative physiology of nitrogen assimilation in higher plants. Extensive references and future research plans are included.
The Action of Tylosin on Spore‐Forming Bacteria (1962)

SUMMARY Tylosin at levels up to 100 ppm did not inhibit the germination of spores of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium species PA 3679 in brain heart infusion broth. Death of B. cereus in the presenee of Tylosin was correlated ehronologically with the start of exponential growth in Tylosin‐free control cultures. With PA 3679, the stage most susceptible to Tylosin occurred after germination but prior to exponential growth.
A Single Metal Ion Plays Structural and Chemical Roles in an Aminoacyl-Transferase Ribozyme (2001)

Catalytically active RNA molecules rely on metal ions for structural and/or catalytic functions. Our in vitro selected aminoacyl-transferase ribozyme is no exception, as it employs a single fully hydrated Mg2+ ion for catalysis [Suga, H., et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 10118-10125]. Here we report the essential catalytic residues of the ribozyme and their spatial arrangement in the relation to the metal binding site. Evidence obtained using a combination of Pb2+ and Tb3+ hydrolytic cleavage assays on wild type and mutant ribozymes revealed a cooperative metal binding site that consists of the tandem G:U wobble pairs in P1 and consecutive G:U and U:A pairs in P3. The formation of this concerted Mg2+ binding site positions the P1 and P3 helices in a parallel manner, placing the L3 tetraloop in close proximity to the internal guide sequence (IGS, substrate binding site), which is adjacent to P1. Certain monovalent metal ions inhibit catalysis at low concentrations but support catalysis at high concentrations. These analyses imply that the Mg2+ ion plays both structural and chemical roles and that it brings about the significant rate acceleration in aminoacyl-transfer in concert with the L3-IGS long-range interaction.
Colloidal quantum dot solar cell power conversion efficiency optimization using analysis of current‐voltage characteristics and electrode contact imaging by lock‐in carrierography (2017)

Abstract Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) has increased sharply, researchers are struggling with the lack of comprehensive device efficiency optimization strategies, which retards significant progress in CQDSC improvement. This paper addresses this critical issue through analyzing the impact of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) carrier hopping mobility, bandgap energy, illumination intensity, and electrode/CQD interface on device performance to develop a guiding criterion for CQDSC PCE optimization. This general strategy has been used for the successful fabrication of high‐efficiency CQDSCs yielding certified PCEs as high as 11.28 %. A major experimental finding of this work is that the widely used constant photocurrent density ( J ph ) assumption is invalid as J ph is external‐voltage dependent due to the low carrier hopping mobility. Furthermore, the theoretical model developed herein predicts the nonmonotonic dependence of CQDSC PCE on carrier hopping mobility and bandgap energy, which were also demonstrated with the high‐efficiency CQDSCs. These results constitute a revision basis of the widespread belief that higher mobility and lower bandgap energy correspond to a higher CQDSC efficiency. Furthermore, electrode/CQD interface‐dependent surface recombination velocities were investigated in the framework of our abovementioned theoretical model using lock‐in carrierography, a contactless, large‐area frequency‐domain photocarrier diffusion‐wave imaging methodology that elucidated the carrier collection process at the electrodes through open‐circuit voltage distribution imaging. Lock‐in carrierography eliminates the limitations of today's widely used small‐spot (<0.1 cm 2 ) testing methods which, however, raise questionable overall solar cell performance and stability estimations.
Flow Characteristics of Neutrally Buoyant Particles in 2-Dimensional Poiseuille Flow through Circular Capillaries (2006)

An experimental study has been conducted to quantitatively characterize the motion of neutrally buoyant particles in 2-dimensional Poiseuille flow through the micron-sized circular capillaries in the range of Re (Reynolds number) ? 0.1 ~ 100. Aμ-PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) system is adopted, which consists of a double-headed Nd:YAG laser, an epi-fluorescence microscope and a cooled CCD camera. Since high shear rate can be induced due to the scale effect even at low Re, it is shown that in micro scale neutrally buoyant particles in Poiseuille flow drift away from the wall and away from the center of the capillary. Consequently, particles are accumulated at the equilibrium position of 0.52~0.64R with R being the radius of the capillary, which is analogous to that of tube flow in macro scale. Equilibrium position more depends on the ratio of capillary diameter to particle size, A, than Re. The outermost edge of particle cluster is closer to the center of the capillary than that in previous studies due to low Re effect. We demonstrate 3-D particle distribution inside the capillary of R = 108 ㎛ by reconstructing 2-D particle images, which exhibits a 3-D Tubular Pinch Effect. The present study quantitatively presents characteristics of particle motion in circular capillaries. Furthermore, it is expected to give optimum factors for designing microfluidic systems that are to be used for plasma separation from the blood.
An Estradiol-dependent Protein from Chicken Liver Binds Single-stranded DNA and RNA (1989)

We have identified two estradiol-dependent single-stranded DNA binding proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm of chicken hepatocytes that bind the sequence 5'TCACCTTCGCTATG3' in the first exon of the chicken vitellogenin gene. As judged by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and by proteolytic clipping bandshift assay, the two proteins are different. Furthermore, they only bind to the oligonucleotide corresponding to the upper strand. Depurination and depyrimidination interference experiments with the cytoplasmic protein show that the bases CCTT-G are involved in the protein-DNA interaction. An RNA corresponding to the upper strand of the gene between nucleotide positions -73 and +53 competes for binding to the single-stranded DNA. UV cross-linking experiments performed with bromouridine-substituted single-stranded RNA reveal that an estradiol-dependent hepatocyte cytoplasmic protein with a Mr of 71,000 binds to the mRNA-like single-stranded RNA.