gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet, innovation, and open source: Actors in the network (2001)

This paper describes the evolution of the Linux operating system, and studies dynamics of socio-technical change using Linux as a case example. Theoretical models of community-based practice and learning are combined with actor-network theory, and the characteristics of the open source development model are described using the introduced theoretical concepts. The paper analyses the growth and development of Linux and its development community, and shows how the development community evolves into an ecology of community-centered practices.
Taurine chloramine potentiates phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages through up‐regulation of dectin‐1 mediated by heme oxygenase‐1‐derived carbon monoxide (2017)

Resolution of inflammation that occurs after microbial infection or tissue damage is an important physiologic process in maintaining or restoring host homeostasis. Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is formed by a reaction between taurine and hypochlorite in leukocytes, and it is especially abundant in activated neutrophils that encounter an oxidative burst. As neutrophils undergo apoptosis, TauCl is released to the extracellular matrix at the inflamed sites, thereby affecting coexisting macrophages in the inflammatory microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the role of TauCl in phagocytosis by macrophages during resolution of fungal infection-induced inflammation. We found that exogenous TauCl substantially increased the phagocytic efficiency of macrophages through up-regulation of dectin-1, a receptor for fungal β-1,3-glucans, which is present on the membrane of macrophages. Our previous studies demonstrated the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in murine peritoneal macrophages treated with TauCl. In the present study, knocking out HO-1 or pharmacologic inhibition of HO-1 with zinc protoporphyrin IX attenuated the TauCl-induced expression of dectin-1 and subsequent phagocytosis. Furthermore, carbon monoxide (CO), a by-product of the HO-1-catalyzed reaction, induced expression of dectin-1 and potentiated phagocytic capability of the macrophages, which appeared to be mediated through up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Taken together, induction of HO-1 expression and subsequent CO production by TauCl are essential for phagocytosis of fungi by macrophages. Our results suggest that TauCl has important roles in host defense against fungal infection and has therapeutic potential in the management of inflammatory diseases.-Kim, S. H., Zhong, X., Kim, W., Kim, K., Suh, Y.-G., Kim, C., Joe, Y., Chung, H. T., Cha, Y.-N., Surh, Y.-J. Taurine chloramine potentiates phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages through up-regulation of dectin-1 mediated by heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide.
The Role of Perfusion CT as a Follow-up Modality After Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (2010)

We believe that perfusion CT is a feasible alternative modality for the successful early response assessment and early detection of a marginally recurred tumor after TACE. However, perfusion CT has limitations for the prediction of tumor recurrence after TACE.
Evaluation of lymphangiogenic markers in Sézary syndrome (2010)

Sézary syndrome (SS) is regarded as a leukemic, aggressive subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by the accumulation of malignant T-cells in the skin, as well as by blood and lymph node involvement. To date there have been no data on the extent of lymphangiogenesis in SS or erythrodermic mycosis fungoides (eMF). Lymphangiogenesis represents the de novo formation of lymphatic vasculature and has been associated with the occurrence of metastatic disease and poor prognosis. In this study we investigated lymphangiogenesis in skin biopsies from patients with SS and eMF. The expression of VEGFR-3 was significantly higher in patients with SS (p = 0.0285) as compared to patients with eMF. LYVE-1, podoplanin (PDPN), and VEGF-C stainings showed a similar tendency. The number of PDPN-expressing lymphatic vessels (p = 0.025) as well as CD31-positive blood vessels (p = 0.0065) correlated with disease progression in patients with SS. We show for the first time a non-vascular pattern of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3, i.e. their epidermal expression in erythrodermic CTCLs, suggesting their role in lymphocyte trafficking to the skin.
Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)

Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30 × 30 × 42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg‐laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS: THE INFLUENCE OF A SULFONIC ACID (1954)

The growth characteristics of influenza virus in an isolated tissue maintained in vitro have been described. When compared with previously reported results using the embryonate egg, a considerably shorter latent period was observed. The release or liberation of the virus occurred throughout a period of many hours. There was no evidence of a general "burst" phenomenon, and the destruction of a cellular membrane did not seem to be essential to or concomitant with the release of virus. An early phase in the development of virus was described which is sensitive to the action of alpha-amino-p-methoxyphenylmethanesulfonic acid and it is by virtue of this that virus multiplication is prevented. If this phase was allowed to go on to completion, replication of virus occurred even in the presence of the sulfonic acid, but the release of virus from the tissue was impaired. It is suggested that the sulfonic acid may interfere with the adsorption or penetration of the virus and that the initiation of infection and the liberation of new virus may be processes which share some common character.
DUAL ADAPTIVE PATHS FOR MULTIRESOLUTION HIERARCHIES (2007)

The recent increase in the generated polygonal dataset sizes has outpaced the performance of graphics hardware. Several solutions such as multiresolution hierarchies and level-of-detail rendering have been developed to bridge the increasing gap. However, the discrete levels of detail generate annoying popping effects, the preliminaries multiresolution schemes cannot perform drastic changes on the selected level of detail within the span of small number of frames, and the current cluster-based hierarchies suffer from the high-detailed representation of the boundaries between clusters. In this paper, we are presenting a novel approach for multiresolution hierarchy that supports dual paths for run-time adaptive simplification — fine and coarse. The proposed multiresolution hierarchy is based on the fan-merge operator and its reverse operator fan-split. The coarse simplification path is achieved by directly applying fan-merge/split, while the fine simplification route is performed by executing edge-collapse/vertex-split one at a time. The sequence of the edge-collapses/vertex-splits is encoded implicitly by the order of the children participating in the fan-merge/split operator. We shall refer to this multiresolution hierarchy as fan-hierarchy. Fan-hierarchy provides a compact data structure for multiresolution hierarchy, since it stores 7/6 pointers, on the average, instead of 3 pointers for each node. In addition, the resulting depth of the fan-hierarchy is usually smaller than the depth of hierarchies generated by edge-collapse based multiresolution schemes. It is also important to note that fan-hierarchy inherently utilizes fan representation for further acceleration of the rendering process.
Summarizing speech without text using hidden Markov models (2006)

We present a method for summarizing speech documents without using any type of transcript/text in a Hidden Markov Model framework. The hidden variables or states in the model represent whether a sentence is to be included in a summary or not, and the acoustic/prosodic features are the observation vectors. The model predicts the optimal sequence of segments that best summarize the document. We evaluate our method by comparing the predicted summary with one generated by a human summarizer. Our results indicate that we can generate 'good' summaries even when using only acoustic/prosodic information, which points toward the possibility of text-independent summarization for spoken documents.
Clozapine Treatment in Patients with Prior Substance Abuse (2003)

Clozapine may be a therapeutic option for the dually diagnosed population and may offer benefits to patients with schizophrenia who have a history of substance abuse.
Synthesis of synthetic small molecule transcription factors (STF) (2006)

External control of gene expression by small synthetic molecules represents a challenge in chemistry. Here we discuss the synthetic aspects of small molecule transcription factor mimics including a molecule we call STF1 (1). STF1 stimulates the transcription of a reporter gene controlled by specific DNA elements and behaves just as a naturally occurring transcription factor. However, STF1 had limited cell permeability, even though the hairpin-polyamide-FITC conjugate and the wrenchnolol (2) are cell permeable as separate compounds. Systematic synthetic exploration of STF1 analogs (STFs), by optimizing the physical properties of the molecule, is expected to increase its cell permeability for biological studies.
Electroflocculation: Removal of oil, heavy metals and organic compounds from oil-in-water emulsions (1996)

Electroflocculation is a combination of the processes of electroflotation and electroprecipitation. Previous work on electroflocculation has mostly been done on laboratory cells. This article reports results from experiments carried out on a 1 m 3 /h electroflocculation unit on produced water from the Frigg field in the North Sea. The experiments were performed in cooperation with Elf Petroleum Norge AS. The separation of nonpolar aliphatics is satisfactory under all operating conditions, and the values for energy demand are also favourable. The results show that the electroflocculation technique is an interesting alternative for certain industrial applications. The equipment is on the verge of being commercialised
Workshop on state-space exploration for automated testing (SSEAT 2008) (2008)

SSEAT 2008 is a workshop that focuses on the recent research approaches to automated testing using state-space exploration techniques. The goal of the workshop is to bring together researchers from both industry and academia to informally discuss the latest successes and remaining challenges in this domain. One important aspect of the workshop is to discuss techniques that were tried but did not work well in certain contexts. Another important aspect is to try to identify a set of programs that can be used for comparing various tools and techniques. There will be no proceedings, but a brief summary of the workshop will appear at the workshop web page.
Somatic abc's: a theoretical framework for designing, developing and evaluating the building blocks of touch-based information delivery (2012)

Situations of sensory overload are steadily becoming more frequent as the ubiquity of technology approaches reality—particularly with the advent of socio-communicative smartphone applications, and pervasive, high speed wireless networks. Although the ease of accessing information has improved our communication effectiveness and efficiency, our visual and auditory modalities—those modalities that today's computerized devices and displays largely engage—have become overloaded, creating possibilities for distractions, delays and high cognitive load; which in turn can lead to a loss of situational awareness, increasing chances for life threatening situations such as texting while driving. Surprisingly, alternative modalities for information delivery have seen little exploration. Touch, in particular, is a promising candidate given that it is our largest sensory organ with impressive spatial and temporal acuity. Although some approaches have been proposed for touch-based information delivery, they are not without limitations including high learning curves, limited applicability and/or limited expression. This is largely due to the lack of a versatile, comprehensive design theory—specifically, a theory that addresses the design of touch-based building blocks for expandable, efficient, rich and robust touch languages that are easy to learn and use. Moreover, beyond design, there is a lack of implementation and evaluation theories for such languages. To overcome these limitations, a unified, theoretical framework, inspired by natural, spoken language, is proposed called Somatic ABC's for Articulating (designing), Building (developing) and Confirming (evaluating) touch-based languages. To evaluate the usefulness of Somatic ABC's, its design, implementation and evaluation theories were applied to create communication languages for two very unique application areas: audio described movies and motor learning. These applications were chosen as they presented opportunities for complementing communication by offloading information, typically conveyed visually and/or aurally, to the skin. For both studies, it was found that Somatic ABC's aided the design, development and evaluation of rich somatic languages with distinct and natural communication units.
Bullae in Comatose and Non-comatose Patients (2003)

Sir, I read with interest the article by Kim et al. discussing two cases of coma-associated bullae with eccrine gland necrosis in patients without drug intoxication (1). The first case was a 4-year-old boy who had been in a motor vehicle accident and the second a 53-year-old man semi-comatose after severe alcohol ingestion. The authors mention that Kato et al. first reported bullous skin disease lesions in patients without drug history in 1996. The history of bullae as a cutaneous sign of injury reflecting a variety of neurologic diseases and other conditions actually goes back to the time of Napoleon. During the occupation of Berlin in 1806, Larry, the Emperor’s surgeon, noted such lesions over pressure points in soldiers comatose from carbon monoxide intoxication (2). In 1973, my colleagues and I reported seven cases and reviewed this interesting area (3). Etiologic agents already identified at that time included carbon monoxide, barbiturates, a large variety of other central nervous system depressants and diseases, and immobilization of man and animals secondary to accidents such as have taken place during wartime. We also demonstrated that the histologic findings include not only subepidermal bullae but focal necrosis 236 Letters to the Editor
Rare-Earth Oxides of Manganese and Cobalt Rival Platinum for the Treatment of Carbon Monoxide in Auto Exhaust (1972)

The perovskite-like compounds RE(1-X)Pb(5)MnO(3) and RECoO(3), where RE (rare earth) is lanthanum, praseodymium, or neodymium, are active catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. Crushed single crystals of these compounds compare favorably with commercial platinum catalysts in initial activity and lifetime. Therefore, these compounds are promising substitutes for platinum in devices for the catalytic treatment of auto exhaust.
Об автоматном моделировании процесса обучения (1996)

моделировании процесса обучения
The curious case of how mimicking physiological complexity in in vitro models of the human respiratory system influences the inflammatory responses. A preliminary study focused on gold nanoparticles (2017)

Abstract Environmental and biomedical nanoparticles can pose potential health risks to the human respiratory system by inducing severe lung inflammation. The aim of this case study is to present a comparison of the inflammatory response in four in vitro models of the human lung epithelium, differing by composition and/or culturing substrates, when exposed to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Three in vitro models of lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells and a commercially available three‐dimensional (3D) culture (MucilAir™) were tested. The models were exposed to AuNPs for 3, 6, and 24 h. AuNPs internalisation was investigated by confocal, electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Enzyme‐Linked Immuno‐Sorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for quantifying the secretion of the inflammatory mediator Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) following exposure to AuNPs. Finally, a microfluidic approach was developed in‐house to investigate whether pro‐inflammatory mediators present in supernatants harvested from the AuNPs‐treated cell cultures could trigger monocyte activation. Our results demonstrated that AuNPs were internalised only in submerged cultures grown on glass substrates. Nevertheless, AuNPs internalisation did not trigger a significant IL‐6 secretion. Significant amounts of IL‐6 were secreted by AuNPs‐treated mono‐cultures grown on Transwell™ inserts, triggering monocyte activation in dynamic microfluidic experiments. AuNPs did not induce IL‐6 secretion in co‐cultures and MucilAir™ models, although supernatants harvested from co‐cultures triggered monocyte activation. Our case study demonstrates that in vitro complexity, as well as culturing substrates, deeply influence the detectable cellular responses to nanoparticles, and advocate for the adoption of more advanced tissue‐mimetic cultures of the human respiratory system for nanomaterials testing.
Localized Lymphoplasmacytic Sclerosing Cholecystitis in a Patient with Autoimmune Pancreatitis (2010)

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for diagnostic evaluation of gallbladder tumors, and elevated serum IgG4 (455 mg/dL). US revealed a mass at the fundus of the gallbladder (Picture 1a). A CT scan revealed a wellenhanced gallbladder mass (Picture 1b). ERCP showed segmental irregular narrowing of the pancreatic head and stric-ture of the lower bile duct. The pancreatic lesion was diagnosed as autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Diagnostic cholecystectomy was performed. Slices of the resected specimen revealed small cysts within the nodule (Picture 2a). Histological analysis revealed that the nodule consisted of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, irregular fibrosis, and numerous
Prospective Method of Lightning Protection Schemes in Distribution System (1997)

Grounding wires and enclosed ZnO elements have been incorporated generally in 6.6kV distribution systems in TEPCO for the reduction of lightning overvoltages. And the reliability to lightning surges is tolerably good in present times. However, the facility of grounding wires is not inexpensive but also its maintenance hard due to corrosion and disconnection in some areas. Typical model simulating TEPCO field adopting enclosed ZnO elements has been developed and the evaluation of relative failure risk conducted systematically according to the conditions with or without grounding wires against lightning overvoltages. Here two kinds of failures discussed in the paper are the flashover of insulation and the overduty of ZnO elements, and two kinds of induced and direct lightning overvoltages are studied in flashover. The greatest problem in no grounding wire is the increase of ZnO elements' duty but it was proved to be clear that a short partial grounding wire around ZnO elements or the selection of more heavy ZnO elements gives the solution.The main features of this paper is to clarify the relative failures risk systematically according to realistic field conditions, the risk of small stroke currents having long duration to ZnO elements' duty and the countermeasures against ZnO elements' overduty.
Synthesis of 4-substituted cycloheptatrienones by oxidative-cheletropic elimination of nitrosobenzene from 6-substituted 8-phenyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-1-ones (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 4-substituted cycloheptatrienones by oxidative-cheletropic elimination of nitrosobenzene from 6-substituted 8-phenyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-1-onesVictoria A. Roberts and Michael E. GarstCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 6, 893–894Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00206a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00206a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spray drift as affected by meteorological conditions. (2005)

Spray drift can be defined as the quantity of plant protection product that is carried out of the sprayed (treated) area by the action of air currents during the application process. This continues to be a major problem in applying agricultural pesticides. The purpose of this research is to measure and compare the amount of drift for different climatological conditions under field conditions. Spray drift was determined by sampling in a defined downwind area at different positions in a flat meadow using horizontal drift collectors (sedimenting spray drift) and pipe cleaners (airborne spray drift) for a reference spraying. Meteorological conditions were monitored during each experiment. A drift prediction equation for the reference spraying was set up to predict the expected magnitude of sedimenting drift at various drift distances and atmospheric conditions (wind speed and temperature). This equation can be used to compare measurements using other spraying techniques under different weather conditions to the reference spraying. In 2005, more measurements will be performed to validate the statements and the model reflected in this paper.