gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of artificial biological fluid composition on the biocorrosion of potential orthopedic Mg–Ca, AZ31, AZ91 alloys (2009)

The electrochemical behavior of potential orthopedic Mg-Ca, AZ31 and AZ91 alloys was studied in Hank's solution, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and serum-containing medium (DMEM adding 10% fetal bovine serum (DMEM+FBS)) over a 7 day immersion period. The biocorrosion of the above three alloys for various immersion time intervals was investigated by linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). After 7 day immersion, potentiodynamic polarization tests were carried out and the surface morphologies of experimental samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation complemented by energy-disperse spectrometer (EDS) analysis. It was shown that the corrosion of magnesium alloys was influenced by the composition of the solution. The results indicated that chloride ion could reduce the corrosion resistance and the hydrocarbonate ions could induce rapid surface passivation. The adsorbed amino acid on the experimental magnesium alloys' surface increased their polarization resistance and reduced current densities. The influence of the serum protein on corrosion was found to be associated with the magnesium alloy compositions. A Mg-Ca alloy exhibited an increased corrosion rate in the presence of serum protein. An AZ31 alloy showed an increased corrosion rate in DMEM+FBS in the initial 3 day immersion and the corrosion rate decreased thereafter. An AZ91 alloy, with high Al content, showed a reduced corrosion rate with the addition of FBS into DMEM.
<i>Ultrabithorax</i> and <i>Antennapedia</i> 5′ Untranslated Regions Promote Developmentally Regulated Internal Translation Initiation (1997)

The 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the Drosophila Ubx and Antp genes were tested for their ability to promote cap-independent translation initiation. The Ubx and the Antp 5' UTR were inserted between the CAT and lacZ coding sequences in a dicistronic gene and tested for IRES activity in transgenic Drosophila. Northern analysis of the mRNAs showed the presence of the predicted full-length dicistronic mRNAs. High CAT activity was expressed from the first cistron from all of the dicistronic constructs introduced into the fly genome. The dicistronic transgenic strains bearing the Ubx and Antp IRES elements expressed significant levels of beta-galactosidase (betaGAL) from the second cistron whereas little or no betaGAL was expressed in the controls lacking the IRESs. In situ analysis of betaGAL expression in the transgenic strains indicates that expression of the second cistron is spatially and temporally regulated. Although the developmental patterns of expression directed by the Antp and Ubx IRESs overlap, they exhibit several differences indicating that these IRESs are not functionally equivalent.
Solving resource-constrained project scheduling problems by a* search (1990)

A new exact method is presented for finding a minimum makespan schedule for a multiresource constrained project scheduling problem. This method employs the philosophical approach used earlier to develop a successful heuristic algorithm for the same class of problems. The approach repairs resource conflicts rather than constructing detailed schedules by dispatching activities. Resource-violating sets of activities are identified whose concurrent execution would violate resource constraints. Repairs are made by imposing a precedence constraint to sequence two activities in such a resource-violating set. Computational results are discussed for a standard set of test problems. An A* algorithm is employed. The most successful version of our algorithm involves some perhaps surprising design choices which might be relevant to the design of A*-like search algorithms in other contexts.
Identifying relevant event content for real-time event detection (2014)

A variety of event detection algorithms for microblog services have been proposed, but their accuracy relies on the microblog feeds they analyse. Existing research explores datasets that are collected using either a set of manually predefined terms or information from external sources. These methods fail to provide comprehensive and quality feeds for real-time event detection. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive keyword identification approach to retrieve a greater amount of event relevant content. This approach continuously monitors emerging hashtags and rates them by their similarity to specific pre-defined event hashtags using TF-IDF vectors. Top rated emerging hashtags are added as filter criteria in real time. By comparing our proposed approach, called CETRe (Content-based Event Tweet Retrieval) with an existing baseline approach applied to real-world events, we show that CETRe not only identifies event topics and contents, but also enables better event detection.
Synthesis and analgetic and antiinflammatory activity of derivatives of 3-(1H-benzimidazole-2)propanoic acid. (1985)

Condensation reactions of 3-(1H-benzimidazole-2)propanoic acid (procodazol) with aromatic aldehydes were carried out resulting in lactam and acid derivatives. Basing on the spectral studies (MS, NMR) it was found that in the reaction the hydrogen atoms of the 3-methylene group of procodazol take part. 3-[2'-Acetoxyphenyl)methylene]-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrole[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (3c) was found to possess some analgetic properties.
Experimental Study of Linear and Radial Two-Phase Heat Transport Devices Driven by Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping (2013)

Heat pipes are well known as simple and effective heat transport devices, utilizing two-phase flow and the capillary phenomenon to remove heat. However, the generation of capillary pressure requires a wicking structure and the overall heat transport capacity of the heat pipe is generally limited by the amount of capillary pressure generation that the wicking structure can achieve. Therefore, to increase the heat transport capacity, the capillary phenomenon must be either augmented or replaced by some other pumping technique. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping can be readily used to pump a thin film of a dielectric liquid along a surface, using electrodes that are embedded into the surface. In this study, two two-phase heat transport devices are created. The first device transports the heat in a linear direction. The second device transports the heat in a radial direction from a central heat source. The radial pumping configuration provides several advantages. Most notably, the heat source is wetted with fresh liquid from all directions, thereby reducing the amount of distance that must be travelled by the working fluid. The power required to operate the EHD conduction pumps is a trivial amount relative to the heat that is transported.
Effect of Single Wide Tires and Trailer Aerodynamics on Fuel Economy and NOx Emissions of Class 8 Line-Haul Tractor-Trailers (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We hypothesize that components designed to improve fuel economy by reducing power requirements should also result in a decrease in emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Fuel economy and NOx emissions of a pair of class 8 tractor-trailers were measured on a test track to evaluate the effects of single wide tires and trailer aerodynamic devices. Fuel economy was measured using a modified version of SAE test procedure J1321. NOx emissions were measured using a portable emissions monitoring system (PEMS). Fuel consumption was estimated by a carbon balance on PEMS output and correlated to fuel meter measurements. Tests were conducted using drive cycles simulating highway operations at 55 mph and 65 mph and suburban stop-and-go traffic. The tests showed a negative correlation (significant at p &lt; 0.05) between fuel economy and NOx emissions. Single wide tires and trailer aerodynamic devices resulted in increased fuel economy and decreased NOx emissions relative to the baseline tests. Decreases in NOx emissions were disproportionately larger than increases in fuel economy; however, this effect may be an artifact of the particular engine being tested. These results demonstrate that emissions reductions can be achieved using strategies that decrease fuel use and save truck operators money.</div>
Increased Classical Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Sufficient to Reduce Chondrocyte Proliferation Rate in the Growth Plate and Decrease Bone Growth (2015)

Mutations in genes encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and matrilin-3 cause a spectrum of chondrodysplasias called multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) and pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH). The majority of these diseases feature classical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a result of misfolding of the mutant protein. However, the importance and the pathological contribution of ER stress in the disease pathogenesis are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the generic role of ER stress and the UPR in the pathogenesis of these diseases. A transgenic mouse line (ColIITgcog) was generated using the collagen II promoter to drive expression of an ER stress-inducing protein (Tgcog) in chondrocytes. The skeletal and histological phenotypes of these ColIITgcog mice were characterised. The expression and intracellular retention of Tgcog induced ER stress and activated the UPR as characterised by increased BiP expression, phosphorylation of eIF2α and spliced Xbp1. ColIITgcog mice exhibited decreased long bone growth and decreased chondrocyte proliferation rate. However, there was no disruption of chondrocyte morphology or growth plate architecture and perturbations in apoptosis were not apparent. Our data demonstrate that the targeted induction of ER stress in chondrocytes was sufficient to reduce the rate of bone growth, a key clinical feature associated with MED and PSACH, in the absence of any growth plate dysplasia. This study establishes that classical ER stress is a pathogenic factor that contributes to the disease mechanism of MED and PSACH. However, not all the pathological features of MED and PSACH were recapitulated, suggesting that a combination of intra- and extra-cellular factors are likely to be responsible for the disease pathology as a whole.
Excitonic characteristics of blue-emitting quantum dot materials in group II-VI using hybrid time-dependent density functional theory (2021)

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of group II-VI are key ingredients of next-generation QD light-emitting diodes technology for display and lighting, yet the understanding of their luminescent characteristics are far from being mature. Using a hybrid time-dependent density functional theory, we have studied the electronic and excitonic properties of blue-emitting colloidal QDs within group II-VI containing a thousand atoms or more, including CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, and ZnS QDs, considering both quantum confinement and surface ligand effects. It is found that the calculated optical gaps are in excellent quantitative agreement with experiment, irrespective of the QD nature. Scaling laws of size-dependent energy gaps governed solely by quantum confinement effects have further been explored at both single-particle level and correlated excitonic level for all QDs. With concurrently stoichiometric control and enhancing quantum confinement effects, we have predicted an unusual switching of symmetry character of the highest occupied molecular orbital state from a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{3}$ to a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{1}$ symmetry at ultrasmall size ($\ensuremath{\sim}1$ nm) for all QDs. After the switching, pronounced linearly polarized band-edge excitonic emission is activated. The radiative exciton decay lifetime is found to increase monotonically with increasing the QD size and tends to saturate at larger sizes. Finally, we have explored the surface passivation mechanism of inorganic chloride ligand, and identified various favorable Cd-Cl bonding configurations which enable an effective surface passivation resembling the commonly applied pseudohydrogen passivation scheme. We find that chloride ligand serves as a hole delocalization ligand and tends to redshift the absorption spectra, reduce the absorption intensity, and significantly enhance the exciton decay lifetime. Our results provide a guideline for spectroscopic studies of excitonic characteristics of colloidal QDs within group II-VI.
Markers of Sepsis (2007)

Although sepsis is a major clinical problem, the recognition of sepsis and its infectious cause is problematic with the continuing lack of rapid specific diagnostic criteria. Further, laboratory tools for the monitoring of the disease and response to treatment are still inadequate. Over the years, many reports have presented data on the evaluation of suggested markers. There is much variability in the apparent utility of these. Most markers studied are components of the inflammatory response system, and many have been evaluated in isolation. This article presents a brief overview on markers originally selected for study on the basis of knowledge of the pathophysiology of sepsis and discusses why they individually fail to provide widely acceptable solutions to the problem. Further, basic research studies on cellular signaling and activation of the immune inflammatory response as seen in sepsis are providing interesting ideas for molecules that may prove useful in the search for laboratory markers of sepsis.
Multinomial probabilities and the ϰ <sub>2</sub> and <i>X</i><sup>2</sup>distributions (1963)

The usual approximation to the logarithm of a multinomial probability correctly gives its asymptotic limit in terms of the X2 distribution (of sums of squares of normal deviates) and the X2 statistic (sum of [observed minus expected]2/expected frequency), but not how it approaches this limit. A formula is derived that appears to be valid under wider conditions; this also throws light on the range of validity of the X2 goodness-of-fit test, and the relation of the log of the likelihood to X2. The expected frequencies can be quite small provided they are nearly equal.
Control of Paprika Powdery Mildew Using Cooking Oil and Yolk Mixture (2008)

파프리카 흰가루병(Leveillula taurica)은 우리나라 시설재배에서 아주 심각한 피해를 주는 병해 중의 하나이다. 이 균은 내부 기생성으로 잎의 내부에 균사가 발달한 뒤 잎의 표면에 황화현상이 발생하여 병반이 나타나고, 잎의 뒷면에 있는 기공을 통하여 균사가 외부로 뻗어 나오면서 분생포자를 형성하여 흰가루를 형성한다. 난황유를 0.3, 0.5% 농도로 2, 3회 처리한 시험구에서 발병지수가 1 이하로 아주 우수한 방제효과가 인정되었다. 또한 약 3주간 발병이 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. COY의 처리는 환경 친화적이면서 경비도 저렴하여 활용가치가 높은 것으로 생각된다. 난황유 처리 3일 후 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 잎의 표면을 관찰한 결과 흰가루병이 대부분 제거되어 아주 빠른 시간에 효과가 나타난다는 것을 일 수 있었으나, 흰가루병에 감염된 잎은 건전 잎에 비하여 광합성과 증산작용이 크게 감소되었다. 따라서 발병을 예방하거나 초기에 발병을 억제하는 것이 최선의 대책으로 판단되었다. 난황유 처리로 인한 잎의 광합성이나 증산작용도 무처리구에 비교하여 아무런 차이가 나지 않아 잎에 해로운 부작용은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. Powdery mildew of Paprika caused by Leveillula taurica has been a serious problem in greenhouse. It is an unusual endophytic powdery mildew because the mycelia grow inside the leaf, such that the pale yellow lesions on adaxial surfaces appear first and the white powdery lesion/signs develop later on the corresponding to the spots of the abaxial leaf surface, where the conidiophores are typically emerge through the stomatal opening. Although one foliar application of cooking oil and yolk mixture(COY) to the foliage was not practically effective enough, two or three, weekly application of COY to the foliage at either 0.3 or 0.5% concentration resulted in excellent control against powdery mildew with disease index less/lower than 1, respectively. This treatment could provide protection for three weeks, which, we believe, is not only cost-effective, but also environment-friendly. Powdery mildew fungus was affected by COY treatment quickly which is recognizable in three days. Net photosynthesis and evapotranspiration was remarkably reduced by powdery mildew infection compared to healthy leaves, suggesting that prevention and early protection is the most critical strategy for peak paprika fruit yield. Moreover, COY treatment did not adversely affect the photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of foliages.
Detection of the relationship between moderate alcoholic beverage consumption and serum levels of estradiol in normal postmenopausal women: effects of alcohol consumption quantitation methods and sample size adequacy. (1992)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability of an effect of moderate alcoholic beverage consumption on the biologic correlate of postmenopausal estradiol levels. Total weekly consumption and beverage-specific intake were assessed using both self-reported usual consumption information and prospective food record data. In terms of total weekly drinks, discrepancies were observed in 35 of the 101 women who reported alcohol use; no consistent pattern of overreporting/underreporting was seen. Although the two alcohol estimates were highly correlated, the relationship between estradiol levels and total weekly alcohol intake was found to be detectable when alcohol consumption based on the food record data was analyzed, but not when the self-report data were examined in a two-tailed hypothesis-testing situation. Evaluating the association between postmenopausal estradiol levels and the two estimates of alcohol intake in random samples of varying sample sizes generated from the mother population of 128 normal postmenopausal women confirmed the finding that the prospectively obtained alcohol data better predict the relationship. Based on the results of this study, it must be concluded that self-reported usual alcohol consumption data must be used with caution when examining an association between alcohol intake and a biologic effect.
Cycle-slip detection and repair in integrated navigation systems (2002)

In order to use pure carrier-phase measurements, the initial ambiguities of the measurements have to be solved. Once obtained, these ambiguity solutions can be lost by shadowing, short-time loss of lock on one or several satellites and other effects, commonly referred to as cycle-slips. Restarting the ambiguity resolution algorithm is a time- and computation-intensive task and should be avoided as long as possible. In order to compensate for such short interruptions, an algorithm would be desirable which detects cycle-slips and is able to correct their magnitude for the individual measurements. In this paper an algorithm is presented which detects, using the redundancy inherent in the GPS-measurements, any cycle-slips. The residuals between the Doppler measurement and a calculated Doppler based on a least-squares solution show significant changes whenever cycle-slips occur. Determining in which channel the cycle slip occurred and calculating its size is possible using external information, for instance an INS-system. Instead of using the least-squares solution, the short-term stability of the INS-system is utilized to generate the calculated Doppler. Results are presented for such an integrated system showing the effectiveness in correcting even multiple simultaneous cycle-slips down to the loss of one cycle. The effects of decreasing satellite redundancy on the effectiveness of the algorithm and the influence of the information supplied by the INS system on the quality of the cycle-slip repair are investigated. Since GPS and INS sensors work in a closed loop for correction of the cycle-slips, error detection at this stage is essential for reliable operation of the integrated navigation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting Users' Perceived Trust in Embodied Conversational Agents Using Vocal Dynamics (2012)

One of the major challenges facing neurophysiological HCI design is to determine the systems and sensors that accurately and noninvasively measure human cognitive processes. Specifically, it is a significant undertaking to integrate sensors and measurements into an information system and accurately measure and interpret the human state. Using an experimental design this study explores the use of unobtrusive sensors based on behavioral and neurophysiological responses to predict human trust using the voice. Participants (N=88) completed a face-to-face interview with an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) and reported their perceptions of the ECA. They reported three dimensions consistent with the Mayer model of perceived trustworthiness. During the interaction, the demeanor and gender of the avatar was manipulated and these manipulations affected the reported measures of trustworthiness. Using growth modeling and multilevel analysis of covariance methods, a model was developed that could predict human trust during the interaction using the voice, time, and demographics.
The role of FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis (2021)

These findings indicated that FOLFIRINOX has potential benefits for the prognosis of patients with metastatic PC. Furthermore, there is no difference between the regimen of FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine in this study. The application of FOLFIRINOX should be according to the actual situation of the patients and the experience of the doctors.
Multimedia Networking (2009)

This authoritative guide is the first to provide a complete system design perspective based on existing international standards and state-of-the-art networking and infrastructure technologies, from theoretical analyses to practical design considerations. The four most critical components involved in a multimedia networking system - data compression, quality of service (QoS), communication protocols, and effective digital rights management - are intensively addressed. Many real-world commercial systems and prototypes are also introduced, as are software samples and integration examples, allowing readers to understand practical tradeoffs in the design of multimedia architectures, and get hands-on experience learning the methodologies and procedures. Balancing just the right amount of theory with practical design and integration knowledge, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, and also for practitioners in the communications and networking industry. It can also be used as a textbook for specialized graduate-level courses on multimedia networking.