gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
dADAR, a Drosophila double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase is highly developmentally regulated and is itself a target for RNA editing (2000)

We have identified a homolog of the ADAR (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA) class of RNA editases from Drosophila, dADAR. The dADAR locus has been localized to the 2B6-7 region of the X chromosome and the complete genomic sequence organization is reported here. dADAR is most homologous to the mammalian RNA editing enzyme ADAR2, the enzyme that specifically edits the Q/R site in the pre-mRNA encoding the glutamate receptor subunit GluR-B. Partially purified dADAR expressed in Pichia pastoris has robust nonspecific A-to-I deaminase activity on synthetic dsRNA substrates. Transcripts of the dADAR locus originate from two regulated promoters. In addition, alternative splicing generates at least four major dADAR isoforms that differ at their amino-termini as well as altering the spacing between their dsRNA binding motifs. dADAR is expressed in the developing nervous system, making it a candidate for the editase that acts on para voltage-gated Na+ channel transcripts in the central nervous system. Surprisingly, dADAR itself undergoes developmentally regulated RNA editing that changes a conserved residue in the catalytic domain. Taken together, these findings show that both transcription and processing of dADAR transcripts are under strict developmental control and suggest that the process of RNA editing in Drosophila is dynamically regulated.
Graphical Determination of Stiffness and Strength of Composite Laminates (1974)

Design of composite laminates requires the determination of changes in stiffness and strength resulting from varying the ply orientation and total laminate thickness. Graphical determination can be made simple by use of laminate stiffnesses in conjunction with failure surface in a special strain space. A set of generalized graphs for all practical laminates of a given composite can now replace the current limitation of one set for each discrete laminate.
Bacteria and fungi associated with isoprene consumption in soil (2015)

Abstract Isoprene is a reactive volatile organic compound released from the biosphere that can be abundant in the planetary boundary layer, where it can have a myriad of effects on atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol formation. There is currently a high degree of uncertainty in forecasts of how atmospheric isoprene concentrations will shift in response to anthropogenic land-use change and climate change. One source of this uncertainty is that studies of terrestrial isoprene fluxes have almost entirely focused on plant sources of isoprene, largely ignoring the role of soils as a sink of isoprene and the corresponding microbial consumption of isoprene. We quantified isoprene consumption rates by the microbial communities found in two distinct soils under laboratory conditions and used high-throughput sequencing to identify the bacterial and fungal taxa that increased in relative abundance with changes in isoprene mixing ratios. On average, soil microbes were capable of consuming 68% (ranging 55% to 80%) of the gaseous isoprene provided to the soils (2–200 ppbv) in a flow-through experiment. Consumption rates increased with increasing levels of isoprene with rates reaching 770 pmol g-1 h-1 in one of the soils exposed to the highest mixing ratio of isoprene (200 ppbv). Increases in isoprene levels were associated with significant shifts in the composition of both soil bacterial and fungal communities. A wide range of taxa were associated with isoprene consumption including members of the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Zygomycota phyla with many of the taxa being closely related to known hydrocarbon degraders. Soils likely represent a significant sink of atmospheric isoprene and our results suggest that a wide range of bacterial and fungal taxa are capable of isoprene degradation.
Mass-Spectrometric Study of Ions in Xe, Kr, Ar, Ne at Pressures up to 40 torr: Termolecular Formation of the Rare-Gas Molecular Ions. Bond Dissociation Energy of Ar2+ and Ne2+ (1967)

The positive ions obtained from alpha-particle irradiation of the rare gases Xe, Kr, Ar, Ne were studied in the pressure range 5–40 torr. In all cases both the rare-gas molecular ion R2+ and the atomic ion R+ could be observed. The R2+/R+ ratio could be decreased by the addition of gases which react with R2+ and R+ through charge transfer. This technique led to a determination of the rate constant for the termolecular reaction R++2R→R2++R. The rate constant for argon is 6×10−32 cm6 atom−2·sec−1. The ratio of Hornbeck—Molnar ionization to direct ionization in Ar was found equal to 0.4. Xe2+ is a major ion in Kr (at 20 torr) containing 10 ppm xenon. The kinetics of the efficient formation of Xe2+ is examined. It is concluded that Xe2+ is formed by Kr2++Xe→KrXe++Kr followed by KrXe++Xe→Xe2++Kr. The rate constants for these two reactions are estimated at 10−10 cm3 molecule−1·sec−1. Both reactions must be exothermic. A schematic representation of the energies of formation of the Kr, Xe, homo- and heteronuclear ions is given. Changes in the charge-transfer spectrum of ethylene with change of the concentration ratio of R2+ and R+ are used to derive the ethylene charge-transfer spectrum due to R+ and R2+. The charge-transfer spectrum with R+ is in agreement with that obtained from experiments using low pressures and near-thermal velocity R+. The charge-transfer spectrum due to R2+ is used in conjunction with the breakdown graph of ethylene to obtain the recombination energy R.E. of R2+. The bond dissociation energy of R2+ is then estimated from D(R+—R)=I.P.(R)—R.E.(R2+). Values between 1.5–2 eV are obtained for the dissociation energies of Ar2+ and Ne2+.
Enterocin NA: A Bacteriocin Produced by Enterococcus faecalis BFE 1057 Isolated from a Nigerian Fermented Dairy Product (1999)

Enterococcus faecalis BFE 1057 isolated from a Nigerian fermented dairy product ('nono') produced a bacteriocin designated enterocin NA. It was found inhibitory towards Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Listeria strains. Enterocin NA was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, and resistant to heating at 80 °C for 30 min and active at pH 2.0 to 8.0. Its molecular weight was estimated by ultrafiltration to be above 3000 daltons. The ability of this bacteriocin to inhibit Listeria is of potential interest in food safety and enterocin NA may have future applications as a food preservative.
Numerical Investigation of a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor (2008)

A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver is used to investigate the flow field of a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor for turbocharger applications. Such a compressor consists of a double-splitter impeller followed by a vaned diffuser. The inlet flow to the open shrouded impeller is transonic, thus giving rise to interactions between shock waves and boundary layers and between shock waves and tip leakage vortices. These interactions generate complex flow structures which are convected and distorted through the impeller blades. Detailed laser Doppler velocimetry flow measurements are available at various cross sections inside the impeller blades highlighting the presence of low-velocity flow regions near the shroud. Particular attention is focused on understanding the physical mechanisms which govern the flow phenomena in the near shroud region. To this end numerical investigations are performed using different tip clearance modelizations and various turbulence models, and their impact on the computed flow field is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Significantly Improved Condition for Cyclization of Phenethylcarbamates to N‐Alkylated 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance evaluation of DS/CDMA systems employing adaptive transmission rate under imperfect power control (2002)

Power control is essential for CDMA systems to increase the capacity. Power control based on equalizing the received power levels from different users was proposed. Perfect power control is hard to achieve for high mobility users. The error in the received signal is usually modeled as a lognormal variable with a standard deviation that is a function of the mobile's velocity. In a previous work, we have shown that this standard deviation is also a function of whether or not the mobile is communicating with the base station where the power is measured. In this work, we use the error statistics to model the intercell interference. We also employ adaptive rate transmission where the data transmission rate is a function of the number of users in the system and the errors in the power of the received signals. We show that the adaptive rate scheme helps to reduce the blocking probability and the average service time for light traffic conditions. However, for heavy traffic, users reduce their transmission rate and start to accumulate in the system making its performance similar to the constant rate system. Finally, we investigate the effect of imperfect power control on such an adaptive rate scheme.
Maximum in the Middle: Nonlinear Response of Microbial Plankton to Ultraviolet Radiation and Phosphorus (2013)

The responses of heterotrophic microbial food webs (HMFW) to the joint action of abiotic stressors related to global change have been studied in an oligotrophic high-mountain lake. A 2×5 factorial design field experiment performed with large mesocosms for >2 months was used to quantify the dynamics of the entire HMFW (bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, and viruses) after an experimental P-enrichment gradient which approximated or surpassed current atmospheric P pulses in the presence vs. absence of ultraviolet radiation. HMFW underwent a mid-term (<20 days) acute development following a noticeable unimodal response to P enrichment, which peaked at intermediate P-enrichment levels and, unexpectedly, was more accentuated under ultraviolet radiation. However, after depletion of dissolved inorganic P, the HMFW collapsed and was outcompeted by a low-diversity autotrophic compartment, which constrained the development of HMFW and caused a significant loss of functional biodiversity. The dynamics and relationships among variables, and the response patterns found, suggest the importance of biotic interactions (predation/parasitism and competition) in restricting HMFW development, in contrast to the role of abiotic factors as main drivers of autotrophic compartment. The response of HMFW may contribute to ecosystem resilience by favoring the maintenance of the peculiar paths of energy and nutrient-mobilization in these pristine ecosystems, which are vulnerable to threats by the joint action of abiotic stressors related to global change.
Poly(ethylene oxide) complexed with KI: An x-ray absorption study (1989)

Polymer-salt complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and KI have been studied with the technique of Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure of the K-edge of potassium. The changes observed in the spectra as a function of temperature are compared with model systems. The results suggests that the oxygen complexation of the potassium ion is reduced at elevated temperatures. 7 refs., 2 figs.
Vibration mode separation of transient phenomena using multi-pulse digital holography (1999)

A rectangular flat metal plate is made to randomly vibrate when excited by a shaker. A digital holographic interferometry out-of- plane optical system is used to investigate the temporal development of the induced transient deformations. The system relies on two and four laser pulses emitted within a single envelope of the flashlamp contained in the oscillator cavity of a ruby laser, and also on three CCD cameras used to record two or four digital images resulting from the same number of holographic interferograms. Hologram data reconstruction is per- formed digitally and Fourier evaluated to obtain quantitative deformation data for each of the formed interferograms. The deformation data is bro- ken down into resonant mode components, sums of which are used to computer reconstruct the experimental deformation data. The error pro- duced when using a finite sum of resonant mode components is consid- ered. Experimental and computer reconstruction results for the transient vibration deformation of the plate are presented and compared. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(99)01712-2)
Machinability of Heat-Treated 356 and 319 Aluminum Alloys: Methodology for Data Processing and Calculation of Drilling Force and Moment (2011)

Abstract Heat treated Al-Si-Mg and Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys, belonging to the Al-Si alloy system and represented respectively by 356 and 319 alloys containing mainly α-Fe-intermetallic and related to hardness levels of (100±10 HB), were selected for the machinability study, due to the high demand of these alloys in the automobile industry In this paper, one was provided with an introduction to the force and moment calculations that were used to evaluate the drilling processes as are outlined in a previous work.[1] A new technique was developed whereby a low pass filter was incorporated in the signal processing algorithm which was used in calculating the mean cutting force and moment during the drilling processes. All signals were independently monitored, digitized and recorded into Lab View. Universal Kistler DynoWare software was used for force measurements and data processing of cutting force and moments. Matlab programs were developed for data processing and for calculating the mean value of cutting force and moment and their standard deviations in drilling tests. The raw cutting force data were analysed using the application of a low pass filter and following the detection of points within each cycle in the signal in the drilling tests. 1600 sample points per cycle were acquired for calculating the mean value of cutting feed force (Fz) and 1200 sample points per cycle for the other five components of force and moment (Fx, Fy, Mx, My, and Mz) in each signal (115 cycle or hole/signal) however, only 200 sample points per cycle were used for standard deviation or peak-to-valley calculations. The low Mg-content 319 alloys (0.1%) yielded the longest tool life, more than two times that of 356 alloys (0.3%Mg) and one and half times longer than the high Mg-content 319 alloys (0.28%). It is customary to rate the machinability of the 319 alloy higher than 356 one and the machinability of the low Mg-content 319 alloy higher than the high Mg-content one.
Demonstration of a Discharge Pumped Table-Top Soft-X-Ray Laser (1995)

We have reported the first observation of large soft-x-ray amplification in a discharge-created plasma. A gain coefficient of 0.6 cm at 46.9 nm was measured in a Ar-H2 mixture, while higher laser intensities were reported in pure argon. It was later realized that the fraction of H2 in the gas mixture experiments was, due to incomplete mixing of the gases, smaller than the 1:2 ratio reported, and amounted to less than 10%. Subsequent experiments have confirmed that larger amplification occurs in pure argon discharges, resulting in gain coefficients of up to 1.1 cm
Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the deposition of amyloid in the brain and the extensive loss of neurons. The mechanisms subserving neuronal death in the disease remain unclear, although it has been postulated that this is due to apoptosis. There is compelling evidence that inflammatory processes play a role in disease progression and pathology. Amyloid plaque deposition is accompanied by the association of microglia with the senile plaque, and this interaction stimulates these cells to undergo phenotypic activation and the subsequent elaboration of proinflammatory and neurotoxic products. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which neurons are lost in AD and the role microglial proinflammatory products play in neuronal death.
Production and Application of Synthetic Precursors Labeled with Carbon‐11 and Fluorine‐18 (2002)

It is evident from this chapter that there is enormous flexibility both in the selection of the nature of the radioisotope and ways to generate it, as well as in the selection of the labeling precursor to appropriately attach that radioisotope to some larger biomolecule of interest. The arsenal of radiolabeling precursors now available to the chemist is quite extensive, and without a doubt will continue to grow as chemists develop new ones. However, the upcoming years will perhaps reflect a greater effort in refining existing methods for preparing some of those precursors that are already available to us. For example, the use of solid-phase reactions to accomplish in a single step what would normally take several using conventional solvent-based reactions has already been shown to work in many occasions. The obvious advantage here is that processes become more amenable to system automation thus affording greater reliability in day-to-day operations. There are perhaps other technologies in science that have yet to be realized by the chemist in the PET laboratory that could provide a similar or even a greater benefit. One only needs to be open to new ideas, and imaginative enough to apply them to the problems at hand.
Single Venous Return for Mitral Valve Operations (2006)

: We recommend and use this technique for all mitral valve operations not requiring opening the right atrium.
Inheritance of susceptibility to the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus: effect of the Fv-2 locus and evidence for a myeloproliferative sarcoma virus resistance locus (1981)

Myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) causes a generalized stem cell leukemia with erythroid and myeloid hyperplasia in adult mice. MPSV also transforms fibroblasts. Mice congenic for the Fv-2 locus showed marked differences in susceptibility to MPSV according to the Fv-2 genotype. MPSV was injected into C57BL/6 Fvs and C57BL/6 Fv-2r mice congenic except for the Fv-2 locus. C57BL/6 mice with the Fvs genotype were much more susceptible to MPSV than were those with the Fvr genotype. Both DDD Fv-2r mice congenic with DDD Fv-2s mice except for the Fv-2 locus and DDD Fv-2s mice, however, were sensitive to spleen focus formation by MPSV. These data indicate that at least one additional resistance locus to MPSV is present in C57BL/6 mice but not in DDD mice. Both the Fv-2 locus and the putative MSPV resistance locus (loci) Mpsvr appear to be epistatic to either of the sensitivity loci. Fibroblast focus formation by MPSV was obtained well in C57BL/6 Fv-2r and C57BL/6 Fvs fibroblasts, indicating that the genes for MPSV resistance (Fv-2r and Mpsvr) were not operating in fibroblast cells. A model is proposed which may account for the differences in response of genetically different mice to MPSV and Friend spleen focus-forming virus.
Reliability and security of information (2006)

The infrastructure of our information and communication networks is quickly developing. All over the world, researchers are successfully working on higher capacity data transmission and on connectivity enhancement. Traditional limitations of time, space and quantity are gradually loosing their grip on the availability and accessibility of information and communication. What are the consequences for our ways of assessing the reliability of information and for safeguarding the security of communication? In this editorial, we first draw an outline of the attempts to enhance the capacity for data transmission (for internet, e-services, video streaming, etc.), with a special focus on recent developments towards ultrafast alloptical communication. Subsequently, we will draw attention to the possible consequences of the implied dramatic increases in connectivity and the availability of information. Finally, we introduce the papers that were especially prepared for this special issue in order to deal with some of the issues involved.
Platelet Disorders (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Normal platelet function Diagnosis of platelet defects in bleeding disorders Platelet adhesion disorders Platelet aggregation defects Agonist receptor defects Defects in intracellular signaling pathways Platelet secretion defects (storage pool disease) Procoagulant regulation defects Giant platelet syndromes and cytoskeletal defects Transcription factor defects Platelet protein polymorphisms and tendency to thrombosis Further reading
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype F is a zinc endopeptidase specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin. (1993)

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype F contains the zinc binding motif of zinc endopeptidases. Atomic adsorption analysis of highly purified toxin preparation revealed the presence of one atom of zinc per molecule of toxin, which could be removed with EDTA or o-phenanthroline. The light chain of the neurotoxin was shown to have a zinc-dependent protease activity specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin, an integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. Both isoforms of rat VAMP were cleaved at the same site corresponding to the single Gln-Lys peptide bond present in their sequences. This proteolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, and captopril as well as by VAMP peptides spanning the cleavage site.
Assignment of the stereochemistry of α-benzamido- and α-phthalimido-crotonates using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1969)

A. G. Brown and T. C. Smale, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 1489 DOI: 10.1039/C29690001489
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. VI. Stellar Mass Fractions of a Sample of High-redshift Infrared-selected Clusters (2019)

Abstract We present measurements of the stellar mass fractions ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) for a sample of high-redshift (0.93 ≤ z ≤ 1.32) infrared-selected galaxy clusters from the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS) and compare them to the stellar mass fractions of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect-selected clusters in a similar mass and redshift range from the South Pole Telescope (SPT)–SZ Survey. We do not find a significant difference in mean <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> between the two selection methods; though, we do find an unexpectedly large range in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋆</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for the SZ-selected clusters. In addition, we measure the luminosity function of the MaDCoWS clusters and find <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>*</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>19.41</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.07</mml:mn> </mml:math> , similar to other studies of clusters at or near our redshift range. Finally, we present SZ detections and masses for seven MaDCoWS clusters and new spectroscopic redshifts for five MaDCoWS clusters. One of these new clusters, MOO J1521+0452 at z = 1.31, is the most distant MaDCoWS cluster confirmed to date.