gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of void-free copper filled through-glass-via for wafer-level RF MEMS packaging (2012)

A novel fabrication method of copper filled through-glass-via is presented for wafer-level RF MEMS packaging. By using glass reflow and seedless electroplating process, a void-free copper via with a smooth side wall can be obtained. This enables a vertical interconnection between the electrical pads through the glass substrate. Furthermore, the proposed through-glass-via was applied to the packaging of a CPW transmission line to investigate its effects on the RF performances. For the encapsulation of the packaged device, which is the CPW line in this case, the glass cap with the cavity is anodically bonded to the substrate. The measured insertion loss of the whole packaging including the copper vias and the CPW line covered with the glass cap was 0.197 dB and the return loss was 20.032 dB at 20 GHz.
Neuropeptide Y receptors activation protects rat retinal neural cells against necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by glutamate (2013)

It has been claimed that glutamate excitotoxicity might have a role in the pathogenesis of several retinal degenerative diseases, including glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has neuroprotective properties against excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, through the activation of Y1, Y2 and/or Y5 receptors. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the potential protective role of NPY against glutamate-induced toxicity in rat retinal cells (in vitro and in an animal model), unraveling the NPY receptors and intracellular mechanisms involved. Rat retinal neural cell cultures were prepared from newborn Wistar rats (P3-P5) and exposed to glutamate (500 μM) for 24 h. Necrotic cell death was evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) assay and apoptotic cell death using TUNEL and caspase-3 assays. The cell types present in culture were identified by immunocytochemistry. The involvement of NPY receptors was assessed using selective agonists and antagonists. Pre-treatment of cells with NPY (100 nM) inhibited both necrotic cell death (PI-positive cells) and apoptotic cell death (TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 3-positive cells) triggered by glutamate, with the neurons being the cells most strongly affected. The activation of NPY Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors inhibited necrotic cell death, while apoptotic cell death was only prevented by the activation of NPY Y5 receptor. Moreover, NPY neuroprotective effect was mediated by the activation of PKA and p38K. In the animal model, NPY (2.35 nmol) was intravitreally injected 2 h before glutamate (500 nmol) injection into the vitreous. The protective role of NPY was assessed 24 h after glutamate (or saline) injection by TUNEL assay and Brn3a (marker of ganglion cells) immunohistochemistry. NPY inhibited the increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the decrease in the number of Brn3a-positive cells induced by glutamate. In conclusion, NPY and NPY receptors can be considered potential targets to treat retinal degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
Cryptosporidium detection through antibody immobilization on a solid surface (2010)

Current detection of pathogenic organisms in water relies on the use of indicators (turbidity, Escherichia coli, total coliforms, fecal coliforms etc.) or time consuming assays that can only be done in a specialized laboratory. In this research a simple assay was developed for rapid and sensitive recovery and identification of waterborne pathogens from environmental samples. The assay developed involves capturing target pathogens onto an activated capture surface, exposing the capture surface to antibody conjugated micro-retroreflectors, and then inserting the capture surface into an inexpensive, simple reader to detect the retroreflection signal to confirm the presence of target pathogens. Antibody (capture molecule: IgG and IgM) fragments specific to Cryptosporidium, as a model waterborne pathogen, were produced and immobilized site specifically and randomly onto gold-coated surfaces as well as corner cube micro-retroreflectors (ccμRR). A shear test performed to determine the critical shear stress that antigen-antibody bonds are able to endure showed that the organism-antibody bond could resist up to a shear stress of 126 dyne/cm2 and beyond this critical value immobilized Cryptosporidium oocysts were lost from the system. Capture tests were designed to determine the optimum operating conditions of the parallel flow sampling device using IgG-Fab', IgG-Fab, and IgM-Fab' activated surfaces. Capture efficiencies did not differ significantly within the range of flow rate used (14 – 42 mL/min), but improvement was noticed when the cell depth was decreased from 250 μm to 125 μm. Site specifically oriented IgG-Fab' activated surfaces resulted in significantly better capture efficiencies than surface with randomly immobilized IgG-Fab fragments. The capture efficiency of IgG-Fab' activated surfaces was significantly different than that of IgM-Fab' immobilized surfaces. There was no significant difference in capture efficiency using the surfaces activated with dilutions (1:8, 1:4, 1:2, and 1:1.5) of antibody fragments originally made of 500μg of IgG1 antibody. The use of BSA as a blocking agent improved the reproducibility of the capture efficiency. CcμRR were suspended in solution and activated with IgG-Fab' to use as a recognition molecule. The current set up of the detector system is capable of detecting the presence and absence of a large number of ccμRR attached on the solid surface.
Lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2008)

Medical treatment of emphysema does not alter the natural progression of the disease. Surgical techniques are an attractive conceptual approach to treat hyperinflation in these patients. Lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation are appropriate therapeutic options for a selected population with emphysema. We will review the available evidence to support these approaches.
Condition Monitoring of Metal-oxide Surge Arresters using Leakage Current Signal Analysis (2018)

Online condition assessment of surge arresters is necessary for early detection of problems and subsequent replacement of the device to avoid unplanned downtime and/or damage to the equipment being protected. The most common technique of monitoring and assessing the condition of the arrester is extraction of the resistive component of the leakage current. There are many drawbacks to this method arising from inaccuracies in the model-based approach and deficiencies in the understanding of the leakage current signal. This paper presents leakage current signal analysis (LCSA) as a method of assessing the condition of the surge arrester where the harmonics components of the current signal, extracted using Bayesian spectrum estimation, are used as indicators of degradation. An experimental methodology comprising measurement of the leakage current of arresters undergoing constant-stress accelerated degradation testing is employed. Results indicate that a consistent increase in the DC component of the leakage current signal in the case of degrading samples is the most likely indicator of condition.
Common DNA Polymorphisms at the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene (1996)

We conclude that the lipoprotein lipase Pvu II polymorphism is significantly associated with CAD severity and with type II diabetes in CAD patients, independent of changes in circulating lipid levels. These findings may be relevant to mechanisms mediating atherogenesis.
Fraud Detection in Networks: State-of-the-art. (2019)

Financial fraud detection represents the challenge of finding anomalies in networks of financial transactions. In general, anomaly detection is the problem of distinguishing between normal data samples with well defined patterns or signatures and those that do not conform to the expected profiles. The fraudulent behavior in money laundering may manifest itself through unusual patterns in financial transaction networks. Most commonly, these networks are represented as attributed graphs, with numerical features complementing relational information. We present a survey on anomaly detection techniques used for fraud detection that exploit both the graph structure underlying the data and the contextual information contained in the attributes.
LEARNING TO GENERATE ARTIFICIAL FOVEA TRAJECTORIES FOR TARGET DETECTION (1991)

This paper shows how ‘static’ neural approaches to adaptive target detection can be replaced by a more efficient and more sequential alternative. The latter is inspired by the observation that biological systems employ sequential eye movements for pattern recognition. A system is described, which builds an adaptive model of the time-varying inputs of an artificial fovea controlled by an adaptive neural controller. The controller uses the adaptive model for learning the sequential generation of fovea trajectories causing the fovea to move to a target in a visual scene. The system also learns to track moving targets. No teacher provides the desired activations of ‘eye muscles’ at various times. The only goal information is the shape of the target. Since the task is a ‘reward-only-at-goal’ task, it involves a complex temporal credit assignment problem. Some implications for adaptive attentive systems in general are discussed.
Speckle-shearing interferometry: a simple optical system (1975)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. Hariharan, "Speckle-shearing interferometry: a simple optical system," Appl. Opt. 14, 2563-2563 (1975) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Electron-beam fabrication of GaAs low-noise MESFET's using a new trilayer resist technique (1985)

A LO/HI/LO resist system has been developed to produce sub-half-micrometer T-shaped cross section metal lines using e-beam lithography. The system provides T-shaped resist cavities with undercut profiles. T-shaped metal lines as narrow as 0.15 µm have been produced. GaAs MESFET's with 0.25-µm T-shaped Ti/Pt/Au gates have also been fabricated on MBE wafers using this resist technique. Measured end-to, end 0.25-µm gate resistance was 80 ω/mm, dc transconductance g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> as high as 300 mS/mm was observed. At 18 GHz, a noise figure as low as 1.4 dB with an associated gain of 7.9 dB has also been measured. This is the lowest noise figure ever reported for conventional GaAs MESFET's at this frequency. These superior results are mainly attributed to the high-quality MBE material and the advanced T-gate fabrication technique employing e-beam lithography.
Agronomic Comparisons among Wheat Lines Nearly Isogenic for Three Reduced‐Height Genes<sup>1</sup> (1986)

The two most commonly used reduced‐height genes of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) are Rht 1 , and Rht 2 . The Rht 3 , gene is known to be a potent height‐reducing gene. Information is limited as to the comparative effects of these three genes on agronomic traits, especially when placed in a common genetic background. This study made multiple site‐year comparisons in Washington for grain yield, plant height, volume weight, kernel weight, and tiller number among five reduced‐height, near‐isogenic lines and their recurrent parent, ‘Burt’. One line had the Rht 3 , gene. One line each had the Rht 1 , and Rht 2 , genes combined from ‘Norin 10’ and from ‘Suwon 92’. One line each had either the Rht 1 or Rht 2 , gene separately from these two sources. Plant heights of lines with either Rht 1 , or Rht 2 , alone, Rht 1 , and Rht 2 , combined, and with Rht 3 , were reduced 24, 52, and 64%, respectively. The Rht 3 , line had the lowest ( P <0.05) across‐test mean yield of 3360 kg ha −1 . The two lines with both Rht 1 , and Rht 2 , exceeded ( P <0.05) the yield of the Rht 3 , line with means of 3660 and 3840 kg ha −1 ; these values were less ( P <0.05) than the Burt mean yield of 4440 kg ha −1 as well as the yields (4300 and 4900 kg ha −1 ) of lines with either Rht 1 or Rht 2 . The Suwon 92 derived line with either Rht 1 or Rht 2 , exceeded ( P <0.05) the mean yields of other lines and Burt by 10 to 46%. The Rht 3 line had significantly lower ( P <0.05) mean volume weight, kernel weight, and tiller number than the other lines and Burt. Reductions in these traits of the Rht 3 line compared to Burt were 11, 31, and 11% respectively. Lines with one or both Rht 1 and Rht 2 , genes had lower ( P <0.05) kernel weights than Burt. All Rht genes reduced volume weight. Although Rht 3 , is an effective height‐reducing gene, it caused negative effects on yield, volume weight, kernel weight, and tiller number. Single dosages of Rht 1 , or Rht 2 , caused neutral or positive effects on yield and tiller number, and warrant use in breeding.
A firm's post-adoption behavior: loyalty or switching costs? (2014)

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the influences of loyalty and switching costs toward a firm's overall post-adoption behavior in using information system. Design/methodology/approach – A research model is developed around two constructs found in the literature – loyalty and switching costs – that are most critical in firms' decisions on continued use of the same IS service providing company. It is empirically tested using a survey of IT decision makers in total 102 companies in South Korea. Partial least squares method is used to assess the relationships specified in research model. Findings – The findings suggest that both loyalty and switching costs have positive influences on the continuous intention to use and the inattentiveness of alternatives. Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on a single point cross-sectional survey. To further investigate the continuance of specific IT service firms, triangulation will be necessary with longitudinal and qualitative data concerning the process of decision-making, including political and contractual situation. Originality/value – The study fills the research gap in studying post-adoption behavior at the firm level by empirically testing the duality of loyalty and switching costs.
Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridines: Syntheses, reactions, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1988)

Efficient syntheses of approximately 70 simple substituted representatives of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 1 are reported from the following: (a) suitably substituted pyridines onto which a pyrazole ring is annelated, and (b) appropriately substituted pyrazoles onto which a pyridine ring is annelated. Selected examples of electrophilic, nucleophilic, and homolytic substitution reactions and group transformations are described, providing regiosynthetic paths to useful intermediate species. Some systematic aspects of substituent chemical shift influences in the 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, aiding in structural assignments, are illustrated.
The Solution of Elementary Ordinary Differential Equations by a First-Order Method (1991)

The Solution of Elementary Ordinary Differential Equations by a First-Order Method Get access LAURENCE E. NICHOLAS, AFIMA LAURENCE E. NICHOLAS, AFIMA Mathematics Department, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teaching Mathematics and its Applications: An International Journal of the IMA, Volume 10, Issue 1, 1991, Pages 29–31, https://doi.org/10.1093/teamat/10.1.29 Published: 01 March 1991
Change management with building information modeling : a case study (2012)

Successful management of design changes is critical for the efficient delivery of construction projects. Building Information Models (BIM) and the use of parametric modeling provide significant benefits in coordinating changes across different views in a model. However, coordinating changes across several discipline-specific models is significantly more challenging to manage. In this thesis, I present a case study that used observation-based empirical research methods to investigate current practices and the requirements of practitioners in conducting change management during the design and construction of a building project. The case study examines change management in the context of a multi-disciplinary collaborative BIM environment during the design and construction of a fast-track project. I documented the design changes, analyzed the change management processes and evaluated existing BIM tools in support of this process. Using examples from the case study, I identified the characteristics of design changes required for tracking the history of changes and understanding the consequences of changes. I developed an ontology of changes based on the identified characteristics and patterns in the observed changes. The ontology characterizes design changes based on changed component attributes (the geometry, position, and specification), dependencies between components (analytical and spatial), level of changes (conceptual, primary and secondary), timing of changes (design, procurement or construction stages) and time and cost impacts of changes. Based on the developed ontology, I further categorized numerous examples of changes encountered throughout the design and construction of the building in a taxonomy of changes. I then proposed a computational approach for tracking the consequence of changes in an information model. This research provides a common understanding of design change characteristics for practitioners who develop or utilize BIM tools for managing changes. The results of this study provide some possible directions for future developments in change management systems, particularly in reference to a BIM-based delivery process. Additional research is needed to implement and test these characteristics in a decision support system, and to analyze different types of changes across different types of projects.
Reviews (1985)

Journal Article Reviews Get access Robert Fergusson . By DAVID DAICHES . Pp. 127 . Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press , 1982 . Paperbound £3.35. DONALD A. LOW DONALD A. LOW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 32, Issue 1, March 1985, Pages 132-a–132, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/32-1-132a Published: 01 March 1985
ALLIANCE: An architecture for fault tolerant multi-robot cooperation (1995)

ALLIANCE is a software architecture that facilitates the fault tolerant cooperative control of teams of heterogeneous mobile robots performing missions composed of loosely coupled, largely independent subtasks. ALLIANCE allows teams of robots, each of which possesses a variety of high-level functions that it can perform during a mission, to individually select appropriate actions throughout the mission based on the requirements of the mission, the activities of other robots, the current environmental conditions, and the robot`s own internal states. ALLIANCE is a fully distributed, behavior-based architecture that incorporates the use of mathematically modeled motivations (such as impatience and acquiescence) within each robot to achieve adaptive action selection. Since cooperative robotic teams usually work in dynamic and unpredictable environments, this software architecture allows the robot team members to respond robustly, reliably, flexibly, and coherently to unexpected environmental changes and modifications in the robot team that may occur due to mechanical failure, the learning of new skills, or the addition or removal of robots from the team by human intervention. The feasibility of this architecture is demonstrated in an implementation on a team of mobile robots performing a laboratory version of hazardous waste cleanup.
Text, Image and Vector Graphics Based Appraisal of Contemporary Documents (2008)

We have designed a framework for content based appraisal of documents. Our motivation is to provide computer assisted support for answering several appraisal criteria according to the general appraisal guidelines in the National Archives and Record Administration (NARA) 1441 directive. The appraisal criteria led us to investigations related to (a) finding groups of PDF documents with similar content, (b) ranking documents according to their creation/ modification time and digital volume, and (c) detecting inconsistency between ranking and content within a group of related documents. The novelty of our work is in designing a methodology and a mathematical framework for document appraisals, and prototyping the framework working with text, image and vector graphics components of PDF documents. We present example results of grouping, ranking and integrity verification for groups of scientific documents about medical topics.
Low power design of CMOS 5-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator from narrowband to wideband with switching capacitor module (2009)

In this study, we demonstrated low power and low phase noise of the complementary cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Two chips are implemented by TSMC standard 0.18-µm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process. The first one that employed a memory reduction tail transistor technique is operated from 5.17 to 5.85 GHz at a supply voltage of 1.2 V whereas its tuning range is 12.3%. The power consumption is 1.8 mW whereas the measured phase noise is −126.6 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset from 5.17 GHz. The other employed switching capacitor modules to achieve wide tuning range and minimise phase noise, it operated from 3.64 to 5.37 GHz with 38% tuning range. The power consumption is 13.7 mW by a 1.8 V supply voltage and the measured phase noise in all tuning ranges is less than −122 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset.
Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and impaired hemostasis: the Framingham Offspring Study. (2000)

Elevated levels of fasting insulin are associated with impaired fibrinolysis and hypercoagulability in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Hyperinsulinemia is associated primarily with impaired fibrinolysis in subjects with glucose intolerance. Excess risk for cardiovascular disease associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance may be mediated in part by enhanced potential for acute thrombosis.
Effects of BRCA2 deficiency on telomere recombination in non-ALT and ALT cells (2011)

BRCA2 suppresses recombination at telomeres in cells that maintain them by conventional mechanisms. Furthermore, BRCA2 depletion in ALT positive cells reduces high levels of T-SCEs normally found in these cells. Our results could be potentially important for refining telomerase-based anti-cancer therapies.
A survey of architectural techniques for DRAM power management (2012)

Recent trends of CMOS technology scaling and wide-spread use of multicore processors have dramatically increased the power consumption of main memory. It has been estimated that modern data-centres spend more than 30% of their total power consumption in main memory alone. This excessive power dissipation has created the problem of ‘memory power wall’ which has emerged as a major design constraint inhibiting further performance scaling. Recently, several techniques have been proposed to address this issue. The focus of this paper is to survey several architectural techniques designed for improving power efficiency of main memory systems, specifically DRAM systems. To help the reader in gaining insights into the similarities and differences between the techniques, this paper also presents a classification of the techniques on the basis of their characteristics. The aim of this paper is to equip the engineers and architects with knowledge of the state of the art DRAM power saving techniques and motivate them to design novel solutions for addressing the challenges presented by the memory power wall problem.