gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microtubule treadmilling: what goes around comes around (1998)

"I'll see it when I believe it" Daniel Mazia Microtubules are centrally involved in many essential cell functions, including mitosis, vesicle motility, and the control of morphogenesis. Further, they appear to be involved in the control of cell cycle progression. To carry out these tasks properly, microtubules assume a protean array of different stability states and degrees of organization and they respond rapidly to requirements of the cell by modification of their organization and stability. In the typical fibroblast cell in culture, microtubules rapidly exchange their subunits with tubulin in the cytoplasmic pool, and control of this rapid turnover appears to be essential to their intrinsic capacity to perform such tasks as the separation of chromosomes in mitosis. Microtubules are not simple equilibrium polymers, but rather, they are capable of unusual nonequilibrium dynamic behaviors. One such behavior, termed treadmilling, involving the intrinsic flow of subunits from one polymer end to the other, is created by differences in the critical subunit concentrations at the opposite microtubule ends. Treadmilling was considered by many to be an in vitro dynamic behavior that did not play an important role in microtubule function in cells. However, recent evidence has established that treadmilling is a major in vivo mechanism underlying the dynamics of microtubule arrays.
Diphtheria Studies: I—The Significance of the Schick Test in the Adult (1934)

Diphtheria Studies: I—The Significance of the Schick Test in the Adult C. C. Young, W. E. Bunney, Minna Crooks, G. D. Cummings, and F. C. Forsbeck CopyRight*Read before the Epidemiology Section of the American Public Health Association at the Sixty-second Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Ind., October 9, 1933. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.24.8.835 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Monte Carlo study of self‐heating effect in GaN/AlGaN HEMTs on sapphire, SiC and Si substrates (2005)

A mechanism of self-heating in GaN/AlGaN HEMT and an influence of lattice-temperature rise on device performance are investigated theoretically. A novel simulation technique is applied, where a local temperature-dependent carrier transport is calculated by employing a Monte Carlo (MC) particle technique in combination with a heat flow calculation. The devices on substrates of three different materials, i.e., sapphire, silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon (Si) are studied and compared. The heat generation concentrates on a drain side of area under a gate, which is mainly coming from intra-valley scatterings of electrons in Γ1 and U valleys under a high electric field. It is suggested that the SiC and the Si substrates are of great advantage to reduction of the self-heating effect on device performance because of their higher thermal conductivities, in comparison with the sapphire substrate. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of serum thymidine phosphorylase levels by highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in gastric cancer (2003)

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an enzyme that converts 5'-DFUR to 5-FU and also acts as an angiogenic factor. Measurement of serum TP levels has recently become possible by highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We examined 38 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma to measure serum TP levels by highly sensitive ELISA method and tissue TP levels by conventional ELISA. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of normal and cancer tissues was also performed. Serum TP levels in patients with stages III and IV and inoperable or recurrent cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. A high correlation was found between serum TP levels and tumor TP levels (r=0.65, p<0.0001). Moreover, serum TP levels were about 1/2500 of tumor TP levels. Tissue TP values in tumor were significantly higher than those in normal tissue. On the other hand, no significant differences among the cancer stages were found in either serum or tumor tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate that serum TP levels strongly reflect tumor TP levels, and it may predict clinicopathological factors, prognosis, or sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs.
A retrospective study on the treatment for gastric cancer. (1988)

胃がん切除症例880例のうち, 早期胃がんを除く299例にsequential studyとして3つのプロトコールが行われた. 制がん剤としてはMitomycin C (MMC) とFT-207が, またBRMとしてPSK, Levamisole (LMS), Bestatinが使用されている. がん死亡症例は134例 (44.8%) であり, これらについて再発形式, 背景因子を加味し, 遠隔成績からみた胃がん治療について検討した. その結果をみると, 腹膜再発で死亡したものが多く, これらの症例ではps (+), ly (+) が多く, MMC+FT-207+Bestatin群において有意に再発を抑制していた (p<0.05).制がん剤感受性試験を行った症例についてみると, 感受性陽性薬剤を使用した群に生存率が高くなる傾向があった.
Further Characterization of Glycerol Dehydrogenase from<i>Cellulomonas</i>sp. NT3060 (1984)

Journal Article Further Characterization of Glycerol Dehydrogenase from Cellulomonas sp. NT3060 Get access Hiroshi Nishise, Hiroshi Nishise Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akihiko Nagao, Akihiko Nagao Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshiki Tani, Yoshiki Tani Research Center for Cell and Tissue Culture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideaki Yamada Hideaki Yamada Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 6, 1 June 1984, Pages 1603–1609, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866361 Published: 01 June 1984 Article history Received: 12 January 1984 Published: 01 June 1984
Fabry-Perot Spectrometer Adjustment for the Compensation of Doppler Shift from Rapidly Rotating and Rapidly Flowing Sources (1972)

The Doppler shift of light from a rapidly rotating or rapidly flowing source limits the spectroscopic resolution with which it can be studied using Fabry-Perot spectrometers that have the usual axial fringe adjustment. Because of the angular dependence of the wavenumber transmitted by the Fabry-Perot, the entrance aperture can be positioned off-axis at an angle chosen such that the wavenumber shift across the entrance aperture matches the shift presented by the source, thereby compensating for the Doppler effect. The principle can be extended to the Michelson interferometer for Fourier transform spectroscopy when the Michelson is used without field compensation. High resolution spectra obtained with a PEPSIOS spectrometer using the entire disk of Jupiter, a rapidly rotating planet, are presented as an example.
An unsupervised image segmentation algorithm based on the machine learning of appropriate features (2009)

This paper proposes a new approach to the feature based unsupervised image segmentation. The difficulty with the conventional unsupervised segmentation lies in finding appropriate features that discriminate a meaningful region from the others. In this paper, the appropriate features are automatically learnt by machine learning with boosting scheme. At the initial step, the image is split into many small regions (blocks at first) and strong classifiers for every region, which discriminate the region from the others, are found by AdaBoosting. Each strong classifier so obtained is the weighted sum of several popular weak classifiers (features), which best describes the coherence of the region and thus well discriminates the region from the others. The output of this classifier is used in designing the energy function for the labeling, in the form of conditional random fields (CRFs). Minimization of the energy function produces the labeling result which reflects the property learnt by the classifier. For the labeling result, the machine learning is again performed and the process iterates until some conditions are met. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides competitive result compared to the conventional feature based methods.
Cardiac Mechanics in the Stage-16 Chick Embryo (1992)

A theoretical model is presented for the tubular heart of the stage-16 chick embryo (2.3 days of a 21-day incubation period). The model is a thick-walled, pseudoelastic cylindrical shell composed of three isotropic layers: the endocardium, the cardiac jelly, and the myocardium. The analysis is based on a shell theory that accounts for large deformation, material nonlinearity, residual strain, and muscle activation, with material properties inferred from available experimental data. We also measured epicardial strains from recorded motions of microspheres on the primitive right ventricles of stage-16 white Leghorn chick embryos. Relative to end diastole, peak axial and circumferential Lagrange strains occurred near end systole and had similar values. The magnitudes of these strains varied along the longitudinal axis of the heart (-0.16 +/- 0.08), being larger near the ends of the primitive right ventricle and smaller near midventricle. The in-plane shear strain was less than 0.05. Comparison of theoretical and experimental strains during the cardiac cycle shows generally good agreement. In addition, the model gives strong stress concentrations in the myocardial layer at end systole.
Blinc, Robert: The AMPERE Society and the Development of Magnetic Resonance in Eastern Europe (2007)

The sections in this article are
PGE<sub>2</sub> glycerol ester, a COX‐2 oxidative metabolite of 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol, modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampal neurons (2006)

The oxygenation of endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) produces novel types of prostanoids: prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG-Gs) and prostaglandin ethanolamides (PG-EAs). However, the physiological function of COX-2 oxidative metabolites of eCBs is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that PGE2-G, a COX-2 oxidative metabolite of 2-AG, induced a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency ofminiature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons, an effect opposite to that of 2-AG. This increase was not inhibited by SR141716, a CB1 receptor antagonist, but was attenuated by an IP3 or MAPK inhibitor. In addition, we also examined the effects of other prostanoids derived from COX-2 oxygenation of eCBs on mIPSCs. PGD2-G, PGF2alpha-G and PGD2-EA, but not PGE2-EA or PGF2alpha-EA, also increased the frequency of mIPSCs. The eCB-derived prostanoid-induced responses appeared to be different from those of corresponding arachidonic acid-derived prostanoids, implying that these effects are not mediated via known prostanoid receptors. We further discovered that the inhibition of COX-2 activity reduced inhibitory synaptic activity and augmented depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), whereas the enhancement of COX-2 augmented the synaptic transmission and abolished DSI. Our results, which show that COX-2 oxidative metabolites of eCBs exert opposite effects to their parent molecules on inhibitory synaptic transmission, suggest that alterations in COX-2 activity will have significant impact on endocannabinoid signalling in hippocampal synaptic activity.
Influence of surface charges on the rupture of black lipid membranes (1998)

We investigate the influence of surface charges on the rupture of black lipid membranes (BLM). Rupture is induced by short electric voltage pulses across the membrane. The average voltage necessary to induce breakdown gives information on the energy barrier of defect formation. The rapid transmembrane voltage decay during rupture allows one to evaluate the kinetics of defect widening. The breakdown voltage is about the same for BLM made of lipids with phosphatidylserine headgroups and for BLM made of lipids with phosphatidylcholine headgroups. Moreover, the breakdown voltage is independent of the ionic strength of the aqueous medium surrounding the BLM. This indicates that the stability of the BLM is not dominated by mutual electrostatic repulsion of the headgroups. However, the breakdown voltage depends on the type of the hydrophobic chains of the lipids. Palmitoyl-oleoyl (PO) membranes require \ensuremath{\sim}100-mV smaller breakdown voltages compared to diphytanoyl (DPh) membranes. Surprisingly, the rupture kinetics depends on the hydrocarbon chains. It was found to be four times faster for DPh than for PO membranes, and independent of the type of headgroup.
PKB/SGK-Resistant GSK3 Enhances Phosphaturia and Calciuria (2011)

Insulin and IGF1-dependent signaling activates protein kinase B and serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase (PKB/SGK), which together phosphorylate and inactivate glycogen synthase kinase GSK3. Because insulin and IGF1 increase renal tubular calcium and phosphorus reabsorption, we examined GSK3 regulation of phosphate transporter activity and determined whether PKB/SGK inactivates GSK3 to enhance renal phosphate and calcium transport. Overexpression of GSK3 and the phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa in Xenopus oocytes decreased electrogenic phosphate transport compared with NaPi-IIa-expressing oocytes. PKB/SGK serine phosphorylation sites in GSK3 were mutated to alanine to create gsk3(KI) mice resistant to PKB/SGK inactivation. Compared with wildtype animals, gsk3(KI) animals exhibited greater urinary phosphate and calcium clearances with higher excretion rates and lower plasma concentrations. Isolated brush border membranes from gsk3(KI) mice showed less sodium-dependent phosphate transport and Na-phosphate co-transporter expression. Parathyroid hormone, 1,25-OH vitamin D levels, and bone mineral density were decreased in gsk3(KI) mice, suggesting a global dysregulation of bone mineral metabolism. Taken together, PKB/SGK phosphorylation of GSK3 increases phosphate transporter activity and reduces renal calcium and phosphate loss.
SEA0400: A Novel Sodium‐Calcium Exchange Inhibitor with Cardioprotective Properties<sup>1</sup> (2004)

The cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. It is the primary mechanism for removing calcium ions that enter myocytes through L-type calcium channels on a beat-to-beat basis. Its direction of transport is determined by the membrane potential and the ionic concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+, with the forward (or Ca2+-efflux) mode of transport being the dominant mode under physiological conditions. In contrast, the Ca2+-influx mode (or reverse mode) of NCX becomes important in certain pathophysiological conditions, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Recent discovery of compounds that inhibit the Ca2+-influx mode (or reverse mode) of NCX has generated intense research interest in the pharmacology of NCX. Among the newer NCX inhibitors described to date, 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]-phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400) appears particularly promising in attenuating cardiac, renal, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries in various experimental models. Moreover, the mixed results that have emerged from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of inhibitors of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (an upstream target in relation to the sodium-calcium exchanger) in myocardial protection stimulated interest in evaluating NCX as an alternative therapeutic target. This article reviews the pharmacological profile of SEA0400, as presented in the published literature, and discusses the therapeutic potential of this compound in attenuating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
One Dimensional Polymeric Organic Photonic Crystals for DFB Lasers (2008)

We present a very simple method to realize a one‐dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC), consisting of a dye‐doped polymeric multilayer. Due to the high photonic density of states at the edges of the photonic band‐gap (PBG), a surface emitting distributed feedback (DFB) laser is obtained with this structure. Furthermore, the incidence angle dependence of the PBG of the polymeric multilayer is reported.
Formation of GeV, SiV, and NV Color Centers in Single Crystal Diamond Needles Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2019)

Herein the color centers formation in diamond crystallites of pyramidal shape grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is described. The individual crystallites are extracted from polycrystalline films grown on silicon substrates. The silicon‐vacancy (SiV), germanium‐vacancy (GeV), and nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers are created by introducing corresponding precursors from substrate material, gaseous nitrogen, and thermally evaporated germanium added during CVD. Some amount of NV centers detected in all types of the diamond crystallites is assigned to uncontrollable presence of nitrogen in the CVD reactor. The low temperature photoluminescence spectra indicate presence of ensembles of SiV centers in diamond structure. The SiV centers are concentrated predominantly at apexes of the diamond crystallites located at substrate surface. Intense growth of CN radicals in plasma‐activated gas environment during CVD process is detected after nitrogen gas addition. The crystallites obtained with the nitrogen addition demonstrate significant variation of their pyramid angle. The photoluminescence spectra of crystallites grown with nitrogen addition demonstrate increase of both negatively and neutrally charged states of NV color center. The GeV centers are created via thermal evaporation of pure Ge during CVD growth. The photoluminescence spectra of the crystallites grown with Ge addition demonstrate presence of GeV color centers ensemble.
Effects of bone protein extract on human mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation (2006)

Since its osteoinductive capacity has been established, demineralized bone matrix is considered a suitable alternative to bone autograft in the healing of osseous defects. The mechanisms of bone formation induction are still not fully understood. In this study we assessed the effects of a dispersion of bovine bone extract COLLOSS (BPE) with regard to proliferation and differentiation of a human mesenchymal stem cell line overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hMSC-TERT). Proliferation rate was determined by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. The differentiation of hMSC-TERT cells to osteoblastic cells was assessed by means of measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in vitro. Both undifferentiated and osteoblast-differentiated hMSC-TERT cells were investigated for response to BPE. The metabolic responses to BPE were compared to unstimulated cells and cells stimulated with bovine collagen (COL). Undifferentiated hMSC-TERT cells responded to BPE with increased proliferation and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. Osteoblastic differentiated hMSC-TERT cells had a diminished proliferative response and an increased alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis. Our study demonstrated significant metabolic effects of BPE on hMSC-TERT cells, which were highly dependant on the differentiated state of the cells.
THE EFFECT OF MATING AND THE PRESENCE OF THE MALE AMBROSIA BEETLE, <i>TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM</i>, ON "SECONDARY" ATTRACTION (1970)

Abstract The "secondary" attraction occurring after log attack by the female ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), and the reduction in attractiveness after males arrive on the log are not dependent directly on mating. The reduction seems to be associated with the males’ presence, which suggests that they produce a masking substance.
Le Registre européen des spécialistes en biologie médicale Code de déontologie Version 2-2008 (2010)

En 1997, la Confederation des communautes europeennes de chimie clinique et de laboratoires de biologie medicale (EC4) a fonde un Registre des specialistes europeens en biologie medicale. L’etablissement du registre est pris en charge par une commission denommee EC4RC. Pendant les 10 dernieres annees, plus de 2 000 specialistes en biologie medicale se sont inscrits au registre. En 2007, l’EC4 a fusionne avec la Federation des societes europeennes de chimie clinique et de laboratoire de biologie medicale (FESCC) pour former la Federation europeenne de chimie clinique et de laboratoires de biologie medicale (EFCC). Un code de deontologie a ete adopte en 2003 et une version revisee, qui tient compte de « la declaration sur les valeurs communes » du Conseil europeen des professions liberales (CEPLIS) dont l’EFCC est membre, a ete approuvee par la Commission du registre EC4 et par le Comite de direction de l’EFCC a Paris le 6 novembre 2008.
<title>Design And Construction Of Unconventional Interference Filters</title> (1978)

A brief outline will be given of several different numerical methods for the synthesis of interference filters with rather complicated spectral characteristics. With these it is possible now to design coatings having almost any desired transmittance curve. Unfortunately, the practical realization of such multilayer systems is often not easy. Frequently the thicknesses of the various layers of the coating assume different values. This necessitates the use of special thickness monitoring techniques during the construction of the filter. Also, the designs often call for refractive indices that are intermediate to those of known materials. Ways must be found to simulate materials with such indices. Other complications arise when the resulting multilayer filter is to be used in unusual environmental circumstances. Apparatus and methods will be described which are used at the NRCC for the construction of such filters.
Triterpene Biosynthesis in the Latex of <i>Euphorbia lathyris</i> (1987)

Recognized calmodulin antagonists and chlorinated phenoxyalkylamines were tested as inhibitors of mevalonate incorporation into triterpenols and their fatty acid esters in a centrifuged pellet from the latex of Euphorbia lathyris. The calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine (II), fluphenzine, and trifluoperazine were good inhibitors; I(50) values for II and trifluoperazine were 150 and 55 micromolar, respectively. Inhibition by the phenoxyalkylamines increased with increasing chlorine substitution, and I(50) for 2-(pentachlorophenoxy)ethyl N,N-diethylamine (IX) was 35 micromolar. The calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase catalyzed hydrolysis of cAMP was used as an assay to quantitate the calmodulin antagonism of the tested compounds. Compounds II and IX were calmodulin antagonists over a concentration range similar to their effective range in the biosynthesis of triterpenes. The antagonism of the chlorinated phenoxy compounds increased in parallel to their inhibitory effect upon triterpene biosynthesis.
Poor electronic screening in lightly doped Mott insulators observed with scanning tunneling microscopy (2017)

The interpretation of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data on poorly metallic materials is challenging: one needs to take into account the partial penetration of the electric field into the sample, the so-called tip-induced band bending (TIBB). This effect is well known from STM experiments on semiconductors, but rarely discussed for correlated-electron systems. The authors find that in the lightly doped Mott insulator (Sr${}_{1-x}$La${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$IrO${}_{4}$, TIBB is at the root of apparent discrepancies in the gap values measured by photoemission, optical measurements, and STM. They develop a model to extract the intrinsic Mott gap of the system, leading to agreement with results from other techniques.