gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced Biosynthesis of Lysine Decarboxylase in Bacterium cadaveris (1954)

Summary: Experiments have been carried out on the kinetics of induced synthesis of lysine decarboxylase in washed suspensions of Bacterium cadaveris. The enzyme is produced when glucose and lysine are present simultaneously. Lysine analogues tested as inducers were inactive. In anaerobic synthesis the rate of formation of new enzyme is directly proportional to the degree of saturation of the enzyme by its substrate; in aerobic synthesis a maximal rate is found even when the enzyme is almost totally unsaturated. The pH curve for enzyme synthesis corresponds closely with that for enzyme activity. Adapted cells undergo de-adaptation when incubated with glucose in the absence of lysine; this is due to the effect of cadaverine on the co-enzyme. The bearing of these results on current theories of enzyme induction is discussed.
Anti-Inflammatory, Anticholinesterase, and Antioxidant Potential of Scopoletin Isolated from<i>Canarium patentinervium</i>Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth) (2013)

Bioassay guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of leaves of Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) led to the isolation of scopoletin. The structure of this coumarin was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry. Scopoletin inhibited the enzymatic activity of 5-lipoxygenase and acetyl cholinesterase with an IC50 equal to 1.76 ± 0.01 μ M and 0.27 ± 0.02 mM, respectively, and confronted oxidation in the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and β -carotene bleaching assay with EC50 values equal to 5.62 ± 0.03 μ M, 0.19 ± 0.01 mM, 0.25 ± 0.03 mM and 0.65 ± 0.07 mM, respectively. Given the aforementioned evidence, it is tempting to speculate that scopoletin represents an exciting scaffold from which to develop leads for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
One year of rHuEPO therapy prolongs RBC survival and may stabilize RBC membranes despite natural progression of chronic renal failure to uremia and need for dialysis. (1991)

rHuEPO was administered to eight patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and uremia (U) for 1 year. Creatinine Clearance (GFR) averaged 14.3 (9-25) ml/min at an Hct of 28% (26-30). Baseline RBC survival by 51Cr T1/2 was highly correlated with GFR (r = 0.66), p less than 0.05 (2), average 21.6 days. Repeat 51Cr T1/2 at 3 months with GFR 10 ml/min at Hct 38% was prolonged by 7 days to 28.6 (p less than 0.005), and at 1 year remained increased to 28 days (p less than 0.001) with Hct 39%, despite further decreased GFR to less than 4 ml/min and need for dialysis. Reticulocytes varied from 1.6% to 7.4 (3-6 weeks) to 3.1 (3 months) and 1.5% (1 year). Bone marrow cellularity increased from 36% to 47% (3 months) and 44% (1 year). M:E ratio decreased from 3.9:1 to 1.7:1 (3 months) to 1.6:1 (1 year). Marrow iron decreased from 4.1/6 to 2.4/6 (3 months) to 1.8/6 (1 year). Doses of rHuEPO had to be reduced to avoid polycythemia. rHuEPO stimulates erythropoiesis in pts with progressive CRF and U for 1 year. The initial increase in hematocrit is due to the early peak of reticulocytes. At 3 months, rHuEPO maintains the increased hematocrit by three mechanisms: 1) increased reticulocytosis, 2) a trend to increased bone marrow erythroid cellularity, and 3) lengthened RBC survival. At 1 year of rHuEPO therapy, the trend to increased marrow cellularity persists, however, the maintenance of target hematocrit is via a lengthened RBC survival. Despite progression of CRF and U, rHuEPO produced RBCs with longer survival than expected. RBC membranes may have been stabilized by rHuEPO.
Developing Global Competence in Engineering Students: U.S. and German Approaches (2008)

This article presents a U.S. and a German perspective on the challenges and strategies of each country in developing globally competent engineering professionals. It reviews U.S., German, and wider EU interests and strategies for attracting international students, as well as national and campus-based programs through which American and German engineering students can study abroad and gain international experience relevant to their future careers. The authors discuss the shared challenges faced by universities in both countries, and the need for further investments by government, industry and academia.
Hierarchical constraint solving in the parametric form with applications to efficient symbolic simulation based verification (2002)

We consider the language of constraint formula involving Boolean connectives, and relational, logical, and arithmetic operations on bit vectors. An example of a formula in this language is F=((A+B)<C)/spl and/(A+D)/spl and/((A+D)/spl les/E)/spl and/(<(G&H)) where A through H are bit vectors, and & denotes bit-wise and. We address the problem of generating the satisfying set of formulas such as F in the parametric form; in other words, corresponding to the Boolean variable /spl upsi//sub i/ (O/spl les/i<N) used in F, we seek to find an expression /spl epsi//sub i/ over new variables p/sub i/ (O/spl les/i<N+log/sub 2/(M)), where M is the cardinality of the satisfying set of F. The p/sub i/ are called parametric variables, and for each value assignment to them, the vector of /spl epsi//sub i/s satisfy F when substituted for /spl upsi//sub i/ (O/spl les/i<N). This problem arises in a number of occasions, typically during the generation of symbolic vectors for use in symbolic simulation based verification. We propose a new method to obtain the parametric solutions /spl epsi//sub i/ such that both their sizes as well as variations in their sizes is small. Small sizes and small variations in sizes of parametric expressions prove to be important for verifying many practical examples through symbolic simulation.<<ETX>>
A Wideband Spectrum Sensing Method Based on Compressed Sensing by Using Matching Pursuits (2015)

Secondary users are considered for using the licensed spectrum without causing harmful interference to the primary users in cognitive radios, which results in a challenge for spectrum sensing. Spectrum sensing is an ability of secondary users to independently detect spectral opportunities without any assistance from primary users. The methods based on standard analog-to-digital converters could lead to unaffordable high sampling rate or implementations for wideband spectrum sensing. Based on the compressed sensing theory, a wideband spectrum sensing method is presented. Gabor functions are selected to build the atom dictionary for exploring the sparse representation of the wideband signal. Matching pursuit algorithm is introduced to select the optimal atoms that can result in the most sparsity of representation. Finally, Wigner-distribution is used to reconstruct the spectrum of the wideband spectrum on the sparse representation. Simulation results show that this method can greatly decrease the sampling rate of the wideband signal and sense the primary user’s existence successfully.
Health Care, Experimental Therapies, Research and Ethics (2005)

This general article discusses the basic duty of reasonable care of the health of human persons in the light of the ethical use of experimental therapies along with their risks as well as the ethical participation of human subjects in nontherapeutic experiments or simply human research. It does not deal with systematic human research and the responsibilities of Human Research Ethics Committees as outlined in the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Research Involving Humans.
[Dynamics of migratory behavior among the population of Hungary]. (1990)

Internal migration trends in Hungary and the factors affecting such migration are analyzed. Consideration is given to industrialization, natural resource distribution, and labor force trends. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)
Restoration of wild‐type conformation and activity of a temperature‐sensitive mutant of p53 (p53<sup>V272M</sup>) by the cytoprotective aminothiol WR1065 in the esophageal cancer cell line TE‐1 (2002)

The aminothiol WR1065, the active metabolite of the cytoprotector amifostine, exerts its antimutagenic effects through free-radical scavenging and other unknown mechanisms. In an earlier report, we showed that WR1065 activates wild-type p53 in MCF-7 cells, leading to p53-dependent arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. To determine whether WR1065 activates p53 by modulating protein conformation, we analyzed its effects on p53 conformation and activity in the esophageal cancer cell line TE-1. This cell line contains a mutation in codon 272 of p53 (p53(V272M), with methionine instead of a valine), conferring temperature-sensitive properties to the p53 protein. At the nonpermissive temperature (37 degrees C), p53(V272M) adopts the mutant p53 conformation (nonreactive with the antibody PAb1620), does not bind specifically to DNA, and is not activated in response to DNA-damaging treatment. However, treatment with 0.5-4 mM WR1065 partially restored wild-type conformation at 37 degrees C, stimulated DNA binding activity, and increased the expression of p53 target genes WAF-1, GADD45, and MDM2, leading to cell-cycle arrest in G(1). These results suggest that WR1065 activates p53 through a mechanism distinct from DNA-damage signaling, which involves modulation of p53 protein conformation.
Measurement of Pressure Effect on the Seebeck Coefficient of Powder Compacts (1960)

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An Apparatus for the Accurate Measurement of Internal Friction (1954)

This paper describes an electronic instrument which has been developed for the measurement of internal friction to a high level of accuracy. The device is actuated by an input signal consisting of a voltage-time decay wave form, with the necessary condition that the decay should follow an exponential law. The operation is both automatic and rapid so that the apparatus is suitable for investigating changes in damping when a given dependent parameter is varied.
Application of Pd-Substituted Ni-Al Layered Double Hydroxides for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2015)

Clean production of hydrogen from electrochemical water splitting has been known as a green method of fuel production. In this work, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated at new prepared layered double hydroxides (LDH) in acidic solution. NiAl/carbon black (CB) LDH was monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The substitution of nickel ions with palladium ones was recorded using Energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (EDX) .Moreover, the NiAl-LDH/CB and palladium substituted LDH were examined for the HER at different times of substitution. The modified NiAl-LDH/CB/Pd/GCE represented low overpotential of -0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl, Tafel slope of 125 mV/dec, charge transfer coefficient of 0.47, exchange current of 2.56 µA, as well as excellent long-term stability. Moreover, the substitution effect of palladium ions on the modification of prepared LDH GCE was satisfactorily studied for the HER in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Webster and Nashe (1956)

Webster and Nashe Get access Sidney Thomas Sidney Thomas 1New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1 January 1956, Page 13, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/3.1.13 Published: 01 January 1956
Algorithmic Fairness from a Non-ideal Perspective (2020)

Inspired by recent breakthroughs in predictive modeling, practitioners in both industry and government have turned to machine learning with hopes of operationalizing predictions to drive automated decisions. Unfortunately, many social desiderata concerning consequential decisions, such as justice or fairness, have no natural formulation within a purely predictive framework. In the hopes of mitigating these problems, researchers have proposed a variety of metrics for quantifying deviations from various statistical parities that we might hope to observe in a fair world, offering a variety of algorithms that attempt to satisfy subsets of these parities or to trade off the degree to which they are satisfied against utility. In this paper, we connect this approach to fair machine learning to the literature on ideal and non-ideal methodological approaches in political philosophy. The ideal approach requires positing the principles according to which a just world would operate. In the most straightforward application of ideal theory, one supports a proposed policy by arguing that it closes a discrepancy between the real and ideal worlds. However, by failing to account for the mechanisms by which our non-ideal world arose, the responsibilities of various decision-makers, and the impacts of their actions, naive applications of ideal thinking can lead to misguided policies. In this paper, we demonstrate a connection between the recent literature on fair machine learning and the ideal approach in political philosophy, and show that some recently uncovered shortcomings in proposed algorithms reflect broader troubles faced by the ideal approach. We work this analysis through for different formulations of fairness and conclude with a critical discussion of real-world impacts and directions for new research.
Identification of transposable elements which activate gene expression in Pseudomonas cepacia (1987)

This study demonstrated that transposable elements in Pseudomonas cepacia could be inserted upstream of a poorly expressed gene and increase its expression more than 30-fold. Five elements, TnPc1, IS402, IS403, IS404, and IS405, were isolated by their ability to increase expression of the beta-lactamase gene of the broad-host-range plasmid pRP1. Increased expression resulted only from insertion of these elements, suggesting that insertional activation is an important means of elevating gene expression in this organism. Four of the elements inserted between a PstI site within the beta-lactamase gene and a BamHI site located 375 base pairs upstream of its promoter. The element IS403 inserted distal to the BamHI site within the coding region for the gene tnpR, suggesting that insertional activation can act over greater than expected distances. In addition, the element IS402 activated the beta-lactamase genes carried on plasmids pRP1 and pMR5 (temperature-sensitive pRP1) equally well in opposite orientations, demonstrating that insertional activation by this element occurs independent of its orientation.
Appraisal and development of reservoirs (1989)

The decision to develop a newly discovered reservoir—offshore or on land, in deep horizons, or remote locations—requires accurate appraisals of the oil and gas in place, potential production rates, and ultimate recovery. The modern approach is to use teams of geophysicists, geologists, and engineers to plan for acquisition of the best sources of data and to analyze and integrate all of the information into a consistent description of a reservoir. The team approach requires that each member understand the technology involved in each source of data and its accuracy so that the best possible information is used in estimating the value of a given property of a reservoir.
e-Knee: Evolution of the Electronic Knee Prosthesis (2001)

Our purpose was to develop a fully instrumented tibial component of a total knee prosthesis (Fig. 1) containing multichannel transducers (load cells), a microtransmitter, and an antenna. Three complex technologies were incorporated into a prosthesis capable of measuring in vivo tibiofemoral compressive forces to transmit “real-time” data. The geometry was modified to accommodate the transducer and electronic technologies (Fig. 2).



Fig. 1: 
Photograph of instrumented prototype and polyethylene insert.





Fig. 2: 
Schematic of the e-Knee, a total knee prosthesis containing transducers (load cells), a transmitter, and an antenna.



As a result of the development of a fully instrumented implant, direct load measurements were recorded intraoperatively during the course of a total knee replacement. Long-term collection of in vivo measurements of loads on a total knee prosthesis will allow future improvements in knee-replacement design, rehabilitation, and assistive devices such as lower-extremity braces, orthotics, and shoes. This report describes the history and preliminary results of the use of a total knee prosthesis with a telemetric implant, the e-Knee. Until now no devices or methods for measuring loads in vivo in the knee have been available.

Measurement of tibiofemoral forces is directly relevant to the design and technique of implantation of knee prostheses. The wear and deformation of the articulating surface (polyethylene), the distribution of stress to the implant, the mechanical behavior of the bone-implant interface, and the load-carrying characteristics of the remaining bone are intimately related to the joint load. Until now, investigators have relied principally on theoretical data from mathematical modeling, biomechanical testing of cadavers, and clinical gait analysis to predict the physical forces on the knee (Fig. 3).



Fig. 3: 
Theoretical model.



Predictions based on theoretical data have revealed that tibiofemoral forces range from three to six times body weight during walking, ascending and descending stairs, and isokinetic exercise. While the information gleaned from …
Depsidone synthesis. Part 19. Some β-orcinol depsidones (1981)

The synthesis of the lichen depsidones 3,8-dihydroxy-1,4,6,9-tetramethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]-dioxepin-7-carboxylic acid (hypoprotocetraric acid)(4), 8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1,4,6,9-tetramethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-7-carboxylic acid (O-methylhyprprotocetraric acid)(5), 4-formyl-3,8-dihydroxy-1,6,9-trimethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-7-carboxylic acid (virensic acid)(6), and 4-formyl-3,8-dihydroxy-9-hydroxymethyl-1,6-dimethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-7-carboxylic acid (protocetraric acid)(7) is described.
연구논문 : 비소 및 독성중금속들의 인체위해성 평가 모델링 (2001)

본 연구에서는 폐금속 광산에서의 독성 원소들이 인체에 미치는 악영향을 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 다덕 Au-Pb-Zn 광산 주변 지역에서 광미, 토양, 농작물 및 자연수를 채취하여 화학분석을 실시하였다. 다덕광산 주변에 페기된 광미중의 원소함량은 8,782 mg/kg As, 8.3 mg/kg Cd, 489 mg/kg Cu, 3,638 mg/kg Pb, 919 mg/kg Zn으로 매우 높게 나타났다. 이러한 광미가 바람이나 유수에 의해 광미댐 하부에 있는 농경지나 하천으로 유입되어 주변 환경을 오염시킬 가능성이 크므로 이들 농작물과 지하수 시료들에 화학분석자료와 토양에 대한 SBET 분석자료를 바탕으로 인체 위해성 평가 모델링을 실시하였다. 다덕광산 주변 지역 주민들이 독성원소들에 노출되는 경로에 따른 노출평가 결과, As은 벼이삭의 노출경로를 통해, Cd와 Zn는 배추의 노출경로를 통해 그 섭취량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 위해성 평가 결과에 의하면, As에 대한 독성지수(HQ)가 27로 나타나 독성위해성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 발암위해성은 오염된 토양에서 재배된 쌀섭취에 의해 As에 의해 암이 발생할 수 있는 확률은 천명중의 5명으로 나타났으며,이는 US-EPA에 제시한 risk의 기준치인 백만분의 1 ∼ 만분의 1보다도 훨씬 높게 나타났다.
Physical biology of human brain development (2015)

Neurodevelopment is a complex, dynamic process that involves a precisely orchestrated sequence of genetic, environmental, biochemical, and physical events. Developmental biology and genetics have shaped our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms during neurodevelopment. Recent studies suggest that physical forces play a central role in translating these cellular mechanisms into the complex surface morphology of the human brain. However, the precise impact of neuronal differentiation, migration, and connection on the physical forces during cortical folding remains unknown. Here we review the cellular mechanisms of neurodevelopment with a view toward surface morphogenesis, pattern selection, and evolution of shape. We revisit cortical folding as the instability problem of constrained differential growth in a multi-layered system. To identify the contributing factors of differential growth, we map out the timeline of neurodevelopment in humans and highlight the cellular events associated with extreme radial and tangential expansion. We demonstrate how computational modeling of differential growth can bridge the scales-from phenomena on the cellular level toward form and function on the organ level-to make quantitative, personalized predictions. Physics-based models can quantify cortical stresses, identify critical folding conditions, rationalize pattern selection, and predict gyral wavelengths and gyrification indices. We illustrate that physical forces can explain cortical malformations as emergent properties of developmental disorders. Combining biology and physics holds promise to advance our understanding of human brain development and enable early diagnostics of cortical malformations with the ultimate goal to improve treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia.
RNA-RNA hybridization between influenza viruses. (1977)

Thermionic energy cogeneration is developing as a new energy conservation option. The characteristics of thermionic systems using combustion of natural gas as heat scource are studied. The -until now unused- high temperature potential of fuels can be applied in order to extract work using the high temperature thermionic conversion process. The high temperature of the emitter and the required large heat flux to it demand a high radiation temperature of the burner walls. As natural gas can only just reach these requirements the resulting system efficiency drops to an intolerable low level if the combustion air is not preheated and the heat from the flue gasses is not recuperated. An analytical study shows the effects of using the collector cooling air to preheat the combustion air and the influence of the heat exchanging capacities of the recuperator and burner walls. It is shown that using the collector cooling air leads to a partial increase in the system performance and that using a recuperator increases performance to the maximum attainable value. The geometry of the recuperator is discussed.
Consensus : a planning protocol for cooperating expert systems (1992)

Albino male rats were exposed to inhalation dusting with rock dust containing 29% free silicon dioxide over eight months at air temperature 37-38 degrees C. It has been ascertained that combined bodily exposure to dust and high ambient temperature promotes the development of prominent hypertrophy and hypoxia of the myocardium, activation of the lipid peroxidation processes, resulting in an appreciable degree of morphological changes in the cardiac tissue. It is suggested that the above changes might be a reflection of development of myocardial dystrophy originating in insufficiency of energy supply to the cardiomyocytes, that can lead to the development of cardiosclerosis of dystrophic genesis. Major disturbances in the myocardial microcirculation, increase in the functional load on the heart were found to be those factors favouring the development of myocardial dystrophy under the conditions described.
Hot Metal Gas Forming – The Next Generation Process for Manufacturing Vehicle Structural Components (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hot Metal Gas Forming is an innovative metal forming technique with the potential to leapfrog conventional metal forming techniques of structural steel components for automotive and aerospace industry. HMGF is an outgrowth of superplastic forming (SPF) and hot blow forming (HBF) techniques that the aerospace industry developed to form aluminum and titanium structures. The goal of this program is to develop the HMGF process and prove its production readiness for wide spread use in the Automotive and Aerospace industries</div>
Research of Distortion and Cooling Method of DCM Crystal (2002)

The stress distortion and a cooling method of crystal of double crystal monochromator and its experimental result are reported. The crystal, cooled by this method and exposed to the heat load of total power of 210W and the peak power density of 1.28W/mm, can be used for bending magnet beam line of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.