gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variations in abundance of the molecular ion of the derivatized cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (1990)

Benzoylecgonine (BEG) is the principal urinary metabolite of cocaine. For forensic drug testing, the presence of BEG in urine, suggested by a positive result for a screening immunoassay, must be confirmed by quantitative gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis, i.e., stable isotope dilution with a deuterium-labeled internal standard. GC/MS criteria for positivity also require appropriate relative abundances of qualifier ions, including the molecular ion, but there is little published information on the observed absolute values for qualifier ion ratios or on the variability of these values. This lack of information creates uncertainty for laboratories initiating programs testing urine for drugs of abuse as to performance criteria for run acceptability and sample positivity. We have observed substantial variability (CV = 50%) in the abundance of the molecular ion of derivatized BEG relative to the base ion in reference materials. This variability can result in a high rate of repetition of runs and generate confusion in the defense of forensic drug-testing results. Normalization of the abundance of the molecular ion of derivatized BEG to that of the deuterium-labeled internal standard in the same sample greatly reduces the apparent variability in this measurement; it is also more reliable than the absolute value of the relative abundance of the molecular ion in determining run acceptability and positive or negative results for a sample.
Polymerization by oxidative coupling. IV.. Synthesis and properties of poly(2‐methyl‐6‐phenylphenylene ether) (1972)

Abstract Copper‐amine catalyst systems which polymerize 2‐methyl‐6‐phenylphenol to high molecular weight polymer are described. With CuCl and N , N , N ′, N ′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐butanediamine (TMBD), an intrinsic viscosity of 1.56 dl/g was obtained. Faster rates of polymerization resulted with a CuBr‐TMBD catalyst. Catalysts from other tertiary amines and mixtures of tertiary amines also produced high polymer. Pyridine and diethylamine catalyst were less active. Samples of polymer were isolated at different stages of the polymerization. Measurements of viscosity, osmotic pressure, light scattering, gel permeation, hydroxyl groups, nitrogen content, and chemical reactivity were made on the samples. Below a molecular weight value of M̄ n 60,000, M̄ n /M̄ w was 2.0. At higher molecular weights, there was a broadening in molecular weight distribution. No major change in the molar concentration of the “;head” endgroups with increasing molecular weight was detected by infrared analysis. However, nitrogen analyses, chemical reactivity studies, and the M̄ n /M̄ w ratio suggested the chemical nature of the “head” end had changed. The relationships between intrinsic viscosity in chloroform at 25°C and M̄ n and M̄ w for unfractionated polymer samples are log [η] = −4.26 + 0.84 log M̄ n and log [η] = −3.86 + 0.70 log M̄ w .
Photoaffinity labeling of the nuclear Ah receptor from mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells using 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1989)

The photoinduced formation of the covalently labeled cytosolic and nuclear aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptors was studied using 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as the photoaffinity label. Irradiation of TCDD alone at wavelengths of greater than 300 nm resulted in rapid degradation of this compound (t 1/2 = 8 min). In a separate experiment, the unliganded cytosolic Ah receptor was only slowly inactivated (t 1/2 = 48 min) using the greater than 300 nm light source. Preliminary experiments with rat hepatic cytosol did not result in significant formation of specifically bound [3H]TCDD-protein covalent adducts which could be visualized by autoradiography. Irradiation of [3H]TCDD-nuclear Ah receptor complexes isolated from mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells for 15 min gave approximately a 40% overall yield of the radiolabeled Ah receptor protein adduct. Denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the [3H]TCDD-nuclear Ah receptor photoadduct gave a single major radiolabeled protein with an apparent molecular size of 91 kDa. The chromatographic properties of the control (dark) and photolabeled nuclear Ah receptor complexes were comparable using Sephacryl S-300 and DNA-Sepharose columns. Velocity sedimentation of both the control (dark) and irradiated nuclear Ah receptor complexes gave specifically bound peaks which sedimented at 6.5 S. However, the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable (buffer-reconstituted) [3H]TCDD-nuclear Ah receptor photo-covalent adduct was eluted from the Sephacryl S-300 column in the void volume and did not exhibit a specifically bound peak after velocity sedimentation analysis due to protein aggregate formation. In contrast, the elution profile of the aggregate on a DNA-Sepharose column was similar to that observed for the control (dark) and photolabeled complexes, which were eluted from the column with salt concentrations between 0.24 and 0.28 M. These photolabeling studies show that [3H] TCDD can act as a photoaffinity label for the Ah receptor and can be utilized as photoligand to probe further the structure and function of this protein.
Generating hard and solvable satisfiability problems: A statistical mechanics approach (2001)

A major problem in evaluating stochastic local search algorithms for NP-complete problems is the need for a systematic generation of hard test instances having previously known properties of the optimal solutions. On the basis of statistical mechanics results, we propose random generators of hard and satisfiable instances for the 3-satisfiability problem (3SAT). The design of the hardest problem instances is based on the existence of a first order ferromagnetic phase transition and the glassy nature of excited states. The analytical predictions are corroborated by numerical results obtained from complete as well as stochastic local algorithms.
Photovoltaic effect in small superconducting–normal-metal systems (1996)

We have observed an unusual photovoltaic effect in small metallic systems in which some portion of the sample is superconducting. In these systems, an applied microwave field can induce a dc voltage (the ``photovoltage''), ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{dc}}$. We have found that this voltage can be an antisymmetric function of magnetic field, i.e., ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{dc}}$(+H)=-${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{dc}}$(-H). It also exhibits aperiodic fluctuations as a function of both H, and the strength of the microwave field. Results for several different sample geometries suggest that it is due to the inverse Josephson effect, although the samples are not obviously reminiscent of weak link structures. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Manufacture of Dissolving Sulfate Pulp by Xylenesulfonate Prehydrolysis(1) (1958)

The prehydrolysis treatment of wood chips is generally adopted for the manufacture of dissolving sulfate pulp, because this treatment selectively removes pentosan from wood. Instead of water if xylenesulfonate is used in the prehydrolysis, a considerable amount of lignin will be removed with pentosan, and consequently shortening the time of sulfate cooking after prehydrolysis and the improvement of yield and qualities of pulp may be expected.Beech wood meal and beech wood chips were treated with an aqueous solution of xylenesulfonate to find a suitable condition of prehydrolysis, varying concentration of reagent, pH, cooking temperature and cooking time (Tables 15). As a comparison the prehydrolysis treatments with water were also carried out. From the results of treatments, the following conditions seem to give a good effect : concentration of xylenesulfonate, 25% in weight ; pH of xylenesulfonate solution, 6.1 ; maximum cooking temperature, 160°C ; cooking time at maximum temperature, 2 hours ; in this case the yield of prehydrolyzed chips was 71.8%, contents of lignin and pentosan in chip were 19.9% and 12.5%, respectively.
Affinity pump system: a new peristaltic blood pump for cardiopulmonary bypass (2000)

An in vitro study has been carried out to assess the pump performance of a new peristaltic, extracorporeal displacement pump (Affinity) for cardiopulmonary bypass. The pump system consists of a pump rotor (0-110 rpm), a pump chamber, a venous reservoir with a 5/8" connecting tube and the Affinity console. The polyurethane chamber is connected to the venous reservoir by a 5/8" tube and fills passively due to the hydrostatic pressure exhibited by the fluid height in the venous reservoir. The implementation of an occlusive segment in the pump chamber, which collapses in low filling states, should prevent significant negative pressures. An in vitro circuit was filled with bovine blood (37 degrees C, hematocrit 35%) and the pump flow was measured by an ultrasonic transit time flow probe with respect to pre-load, diameter and length of attached tubing in the venous line, pump speed (rpm) and size of the connecting tube (3/8" and 5/8"). At 108 rpm and a preload equal to 10 mmHg, the flow was 8.6 +/- 0.42 l/min for an afterload of 80 mmHg. The reduction of the inlet connector to 3/8" diminished the pump flow significantly to 5.2 +/- 0.31 l/min (p < 0.0001). The pump flow decreased linearly with respect to the length of the attached tube in the venous line and for a 2 m long 5/8" silicon tube, the rpm-optimized flow was still 6.0 +/- 0.28 l/min at a preload of 10 mmHg. In case of low filling state or too high rpm, the occlusive segment collapsed and no cavitation bubbles could be detected. Our in vitro measurements yield a nomogram for rpm-optimized blood flow with respect to the pre-load in the venous reservoir. The delivered 5/8"connecting tube facilitates optimum filling of the pump chamber for high blood flow, but limits the use of venous reservoirs to Affinity products. The pump yields a high blood flow even when long tubing in the venous line is used. This makes the pump a candidate for a ventricular assist device. In hypovolemia or high rpm, the occlusive segment collapses and no negative pressure is generated at the inflow site of the pump chamber.
Genetic analysis of zwittermicin A resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: effects on membrane potential and RNA polymerase (1998)

Zwittermicin A is a novel aminopolyol antibiotic that represents a new structural class of antibiotic and has diverse biological activities, including the suppression of plant disease and the ability to inhibit prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. To enhance our fundamental understanding and applications of zwittermicin A, we elucidated mechanisms of zwittermicin A resistance in Escherichia coli. Two classes of zwittermicin A-resistant mutants of E. coli were selected and characterized. One class included mutants altered in hemA, hemB, hemL, ubi, cydAB or atp, which were defective in generating a proton motive force (PMF) and resistant to aminoglycosides. The mutant analysis, coupled with physiological data, indicated an association between the electrical membrane potential (deltapsi) component of PMF and zwittermicin A sensitivity. A second class of zwittermicin A-resistant mutants was aminoglycoside sensitive and was affected in rpoB and rpoC, genes that encode subunits of RNA polymerase. The rpoB and rpoC mutants suggested that zwittermicin A might inhibit transcription, DNA replication, DNA gyrase or topoisomerase I; however, we found no further evidence to support any of these as the target for zwittermicin A. This study elucidated the genetic mechanisms of zwittermicin A resistance in E. coli. The results suggest that deltapsi drives zwittermicin A uptake, and that, unlike other antibiotics for which resistance maps in rpoB or rpoC, zwittermicin A does not cause the rapid cessation of DNA or RNA synthesis, suggesting a unique mechanism of antibiosis.
A single-hop wavelength routed LAN/MAN architecture (2002)

Future photonic LANs and MANs may be based upon single-hop architectures using wavelength division multiplexing and passive coupling. In such systems, stations access shared sets of channels using some combination of receiver or transmitter tunability. Due to the optical device limitations however, the number of available channels may not be as large as previously envisioned. As a result, spatial wavelength reuse may be required to achieve networks with an acceptable number of stations and performance. We present a single hop wavelength routed optical network architecture, referred to as the flat channel controller network (FCCN). The network is divided into a set of local optical clusters interconnected via a static wavelength router. Two architectural variations are examined. The first uses a distributed control scheme for signaling within each cluster and requires each station to have only a single fixed receiver and a single fast agile transmitter. The second uses a dedicated control channel within each cluster and requires each station to have an additional fixed receiver. Three packet switched media access protocols are examined, static TDMA, and two reservation protocols.
Distinct Mechanisms of Differentiation of SH‐SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells by Protein Kinase C Activators and Inhibitors (1992)

Certain biological actions of phorbol esters cannot be duplicated by diacylglycerol (DAG). Thus, the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y differentiates when exposed to 12-tetradecanoyl-13-acetyl-beta-phorbol (TPA) and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, but not when exposed to DAG. To investigate the specific features of the phorbol diester molecule that might be responsible for these effects, we examined the extension of neurites, expression of neuron-specific enolase, and appearance and localization of phosphorylated high molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-H). TPA, 12-deoxy-13-tetradecanoyl-beta-phorbol, and staurosporine, but not DAG or 4-O-methyl-TPA, caused neurite outgrowth. Neuron-specific enolase was expressed in cells treated with TPA and 12-deoxy-13-tetradecanoyl-beta-phorbol but not with DAG, staurosporine, or 4-O-methyl-TPA. NF-H increased in the perikarya of cells treated with DAG and 4-O-methyl-TPA, in processes and to varying degrees in perikarya of TPA- and 12-deoxy-13-tetradecanoyl-beta-phorbol-treated cells, but much more in the processes than in the perikarya of staurosporine-differentiated cells. These findings and additional differences between the differentiation induced by TPA (a PKC activator) and staurosporine (a PKC inhibitor), including distinct morphology of the cell body and processes and time of appearance of the morphological phenotype, suggest that activators and inhibitors of PKC induce differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by different mechanisms, and that the five-membered/seven-membered terpene ring region present in TPA must be intact for the induction of morphological differentiation.
An obligation model bridging access control policies and privacy policies (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel obligation model for the Core Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (P-RBAC), and discuss some design issues in detail. Pre-obligations, post-obligations, conditional obligations, and repeating obligations are supported by the obligation model. Interaction between permissions and obligations is discussed, and efficient algorithms are provided to detect undesired effects.
genotype–related efficacy of omeprazole for the treatment of infection caused by (1999)

The anti-H pylori effect of dual treatment is highly efficient for CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, which suggests that clarithromycin is not necessary as a first line of therapy for this type of patients. Genotyping can provide a choice for the optimal regimen based on individual CYP2C19 genotype.
Independent and interdependent functions of LAF1 and HFR1 in phytochrome A signaling (2007)

Several positive regulators of phytochrome A signaling--e.g., LAF1, HFR1, and HY5--operate downstream from the photoreceptor, but their relative sites of action in the transduction pathway are unknown. Here, we show that HFR1RNAi/laf1 or hfr1-201/LAF1RNAi generated by RNA interference (RNAi) has an additive phenotype under FR light compared with the single mutants, hfr1-201 or laf1. This result indicates that LAF1 and HFR1 function in largely independent pathways. LAF1, an R2R3-MYB factor, interacts with HFR1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factor, and this interaction is abolished by the R97A mutation in the LAF1 R2R3 domain. Polyubiquitinations of LAF1 and HFR1 by the COP1 E3 ligase in vitro are inhibited by LAF1/HFR1 association. Consistent with this result, endogenous HFR1 is less stable in laf1 compared with wild type, and similarly, LAF1-3HA expressed from a transgene is also less stable in hfr1-201 than wild type. In transgenic plants, HFR1 levels are significantly elevated upon induced expression of LAF1 but not LAF1(R97A). Moreover, induced expression of LAF1 but not LAF1(R97A) delays post-translational HFR1 degradation in FR light. Constitutive coexpression of HFR1 and LAF1 but not HFR1 and LAF1 (R97A) confers FR hypersensitivity in double transgenic plants. Our results show that in addition to their independent functions in phyA signaling, LAF1 and HFR1 also cooperate post-translationally to stabilize each other through inhibition of ubiquitination by COP1, thereby enhancing phyA photoresponses.
A new mental model for humanoid robots for human friendly communication introduction of learning system, mood vector and second order equations of emotion (2004)

The authors have been developing human-like head robots in order to develop new head mechanisms and functions for a humanoid robot that has the ability to communicate naturally with a human by expressing human-like emotion. Furthermore, the interaction between humans and robots is one of the essential factors for the Neuro-Robotics. We believed that the Mental Dynamics caused by the stimuli from the internal and external environment is important in expressing emotion. Therefore, we newly developed a human-like head robot WE-4 (Waseda Eye No.4) in 2002. The "Learning System", the "Mood Vector" and the "Second Order Equations of Emotion" were introduced to the mental model of the robot. Moreover, an internal clock was introduced as an autonomic nerve system to express the activation component of the Mood Vector. And, we realized the expression of mental transition caused by the stimuli from the internal and external environment of the robot. In this paper, we describe the new mental model of a human-like head robot WE-4.
Zn‐, Mg‐, and Li‐TMP Bases for the Successive Regioselective Metalations of the 1,5‐Naphthyridine Scaffold (TMP=2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidyl) (2017)

A set of successive regioselective metalations and functionalizations of the 1,5-naphthyridine scaffold are described. A combination of Zn-, Mg-, and Li-TMP (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) bases and the presence or absence of a Lewis acid (BF<sub>3</sub> ⋅OEt<sub>2</sub> ) allows the introduction of up to three substituents to the 1,5-naphthyridine core. Also, a novel "halogen dance" reaction was discovered upon metalation of an 8-iodo-2,4-trifunctionalized 1,5-naphthyridine allowing a fourth regioselective functionalization. Additionally, reactions leading to key 1,5-naphthyridines for the preparation of OLED materials and a potential antibacterial agent were performed.
An Alternative Route to Syntheses of Aryl Keto Acids in a Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of experimental carrier state of Salmonella enteriditis in four chick lines (1996)

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Parallel first-order linear recurrence solver. Technical report (1986)

This paper presents a parallel algorithm for the solution of first-order linear recurrence systems of size N when the number of processors p is small in relation to N.
Effect of Ventilatory Settings on Accuracy of Cardiac Output Measurement Using Partial CO2Rebreathing (2002)

Although cardiac output was underreported at small VT values, cardiac output measured by the CO(2) rebreathing technique correlates fairly with that measured by the thermodilution method.
Synaptic consolidation across multiple timescales (2014)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of Palladium Nanoclusters for their Use in Catalytic Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2011)

Abstract Palladium nanoclusters show high catalytic activity in Suzuki—Miyaura and Mizoroki—Heck cross‐coupling reactions.
Carcinogenicity of petroleum lubricating oil distillates: Effects of solvent refining, hydroprocessing, and blending (1984)

Certain refining processes were investigated to determine their influence on the dermal carcinogenic activity of petroleum-derived lubricating oil distillates. Specifically, the effects of solvent refining, hydroprocessing, a combination of both processes, and the blending of oils processed using each technique were evaluated in standard mouse skin-painting bioassays. The refining process used as well as the level or severity of treatment greatly influenced the carcinogenic outcome of processed lubricating oils. Solvent refining at severities normally used appeared to eliminate carcinogenicity. In contrast, hydroprocessing alone at mild levels of treatment was successful only in reducing the carcinogenic potency; severe hydroprocessing conditions were necessary to eliminate carcinogenic activity without the use of additional refining processes. Carcinogenic activity could also be eliminated by following moderate solvent refining with mild hydroprocessing. Blending of hydroprocessed oils with solvent-refined oils resulted in a substantial reduction or even elimination of carcinogenic activity. However, the degree of protection obtained varied with the particular distillates used and appeared largely dependent on the inherent biological activity of the hydroprocessed oil.
Supporting Cost Saving Ideas Reuse With an Ontology Based Tool (2006)

The efficiency of Target Cost Management (TCM) methods within the design process (i.e. Target Costing and Design to Cost) relies among other things on actors’ creativity in cost saving ideas proposals. This paper proposes a tool to support creativity in Aeronautics through past cost saving ideas reuse: OSIRIS (Optimiser for Saving Ideas Reuse & Information Sharing). This study is based on a repository of 500 cost saving ideas proposed on the latest wide-body aircraft developed by a European aeronautic company. Among approaches considering design reuse (e.g. Ideas management system, Case Based Reasoning, Knowledge management and TRIZ), there is no simple method, suitable to our needs and context, enabling indexing of ideas, their retrieval and their reuse. In this paper, we propose a new specific approach for idea reuse based on a problem-solution knowledge model. This model has been implemented using semantic web (SW) technologies to enable advanced search and reasoning on ideas description. The case of a specific cost saving idea is presented to illustrate the knowledge model and tool’s functionalities. OSIRIS is a flexible tool that enables ontology based search and that allows users to enrich information through inference rules definition.Copyright © 2006 by ASME