gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucopyranoside-Based Surfactants as Pseudostationary Phases for Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlucopyranoside-Based Surfactants as Pseudostationary Phases for Chiral Separations in Capillary ElectrophoresisDavid C. Tickle, George N. Okafo, Patrick. Camilleri, Rose F. D. Jones, and Anthony J. KirbyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 23, 4121–4126Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00095a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00095a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Desulfurization Using the Raney‐Nickel/Sodium Hypophosphite Combination System without Racemization of a Secondary Alcohol. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of the fourth nucleotide at the 3′ end of neuraminidase and matrix viral genomic RNA on the pathogenicity of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (2017)

Twelve nucleotides located at the 3' end of viral genomic RNA (vRNA) are conserved among influenza A viruses (IAV) and have a promoter function. Hoffmann's 8-plasmid reverse genetics vector system introduced mutations at position 4, C nucleotide (C4) to U nucleotide (U4), of the 3' ends of neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M) vRNAs of wild-type A/PR/8/34 (PR8). This resulted in a constellation of C4 and U4 vRNAs coding for low (polymerases) and relatively high (all others) copy number proteins, respectively. U4 has been reported to increase promoter activity in comparison to C4, but the constellation effect on the replication efficiency and pathogenicity of reverse genetics PR8 (rgPR8) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we generated 3 recombinant viruses with C4 in the NA and/or M vRNAs and rgPR8 by using reverse genetics and compared their pathobiological traits. The mutant viruses showed lower replication efficiency than rgPR8 due to the low transcription levels of NA and/or M genes. Furthermore, C4 in the NA and/or M vRNAs induced lower PR8 virus pathogenicity in BALB/c mice. The results suggest that the constellation of C4 and U4 among vRNAs may be one of the multigenic determinants of IAV pathogenicity.
Human immunodeficiency virus-related wasting: malabsorption syndromes. (1998)

Diarrhea and malabsorption are common findings in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The pathogenesis and consequences of malabsorption in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are similar to those found in non-HIV-related conditions, and are related to both direct intestinal damage and alterations in the coordination of the body's response to feeding. The pathogenesis of malabsorption is multifactorial and includes primary enterocyte injury with partial villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, ileal dysfunction with bile salt wasting and fat malabsorption, and exudative enteropathy. Clinical studies show that intestinal cryptosporidiosis leads to excess fecal losses of about 20% for protein and fat. The consequences of malabsorption include decreased appetite; "enterogastrone" effects including dry mouth, decreased gastric acid secretion, decreased rate of gastric emptying, and slowed intestinal transit; anemia resulting from iron, folate, or vitamin B12 malabsorption; and metabolic effects including osteomalacia, gallstones, renal stones, and hypocholesterolemia. Few studies of nutritional therapy have been applied specifically to AIDS patients with malabsorption. Total parenteral nutrition promotes weight gain, although the response to this therapy depends on the underlying clinical problem, with body cell mass repletion noted in patients with malabsorption but predominantly fat gain in patients with systemic infections. Nutritional stabilization also was noted in response to oral administration of a semielemental diet.
Constitutive activation of the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase signalling pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Melanoma is a common skin malignancy which, when advanced, responds poorly to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. It is important to understand the signal transduction pathways involved in its transformation in order to develop novel therapeutic agents. Mutations in either BRAF or RAS genes result in activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.1, 2 The phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a direct target of activated RAS.3 Through activation of AKT, PI3K has potential antiapoptotic targets including BAD4 and caspase‐9,5 as well as one of the proapoptotic Forkhead transcription factors.6 In a previous study, we showed that the frequency of BRAF mutations in melanoma varies with anatomical site and sun‐exposure patterns.7 Melanomas on glabrous, subungual and mucosal sites had significantly lower frequencies of BRAF mutations than melanomas on the trunk and nonglabrous skin of the extremities. We then went further to investigate whether other mutations could be found in the MAPK pathway or whether other signalling pathways could be involved in the pathogenesis of these melanomas.
Functional Characterization in Vitro of All Two-component Signal Transduction Systems from Escherichia coli (2004)

Bacteria possess a signal transduction system, referred to as a two-component system, for adaptation to external stimuli. Each two-component system consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR), together forming a signal transduction pathway via histidyl-aspartyl phospho-relay. A total of 30 sensor HKs, including as yet uncharacterized putative HKs (BaeS, BasS, CreC, CusS, HydH, RstB, YedV, and YfhK), and a total of 34 RRs, including putative RRs (BaeR, BasR, CreB, CusR, HydG, RstA, YedW, YfhA, YgeK, and YhjB), have been suggested to exist in Escherichia coli. We have purified the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain of 27 sensor HKs and the full-length protein of all 34 RRs to apparent homogeneity. Self-phosphorylation in vitro was detected for 25 HKs. The rate of self-phosphorylation differed among HKs, whereas the level of phosphorylation was generally co-related with the phosphorylation rate. However, the phosphorylation level was low for ArcB, HydH, NarQ, and NtrB even though the reaction rate was fast, whereas the level was high for the slow phosphorylation species BasS, CheA, and CreC. By using the phosphorylated HKs, we examined trans-phosphorylation in vitro of RRs for all possible combinations. Trans-phosphorylation of presumed cognate RRs by HKs was detected, for the first time, for eight pairs, BaeS-BaeR, BasS-BasR, CreC-CreB, CusS-CusR, HydH-HydG, RstB-RstA, YedV-YedW, and YfhK-YfhA. All trans-phosphorylation took place within less than 1/2 min, but the stability of phosphorylated RRs differed, indicating the involvement of de-phosphorylation control. In addition to the trans-phosphorylation between the cognate pairs, we detected trans-phosphorylation between about 3% of non-cognate HK-RR pairs, raising the possibility that the cross-talk in signal transduction takes place between two-component systems.
Transport Behavior and Raman Spectra of Electrolytes in Methyl Formate and Propylene Carbonate (1975)

The conductances of , , and in methyl formate and in propylene carbonate have been measured from dilute solution to very high concentration. Anomalous conductance behavior has been observed for the concentrated solutions of these salts in methyl formate. From conductance data, equivalent conductance at infinite dilution, ion‐pair dissociation constant, and information on the formation of triple ions and more complex aggregates are obtained. The detectability of water in methyl formate and the effect of water on solvent spectrum are studied by Raman spectra. In concentrated solutions, ion‐ion and ion‐solvent interactions have been studied by Raman spectra.
Nonlinear liquid crystal optical fiber array for all-optical switching/limiting (2002)

Liquid crystals in their various ordered and disordered phases have been shown to possess large optical nonlinearities over wide temporal and spectral ranges. Recent studies have shown that they can be used for optical sensor protection against short laser pulses throughout the visible range. In this paper, we report recent experimental results conducted with nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses. The centerpiece of the optical limiting/protection action is the liquid crystal fiber array which is positioned within an optical system such that its entrance plane coincides with an intermediate focal plane of the imaging system. The scenery from a large field of view is imaged onto an array area covering many (thousands) constituent fibers; on the other hand, a threat laser originating from a distant point source is brought to a focus spot size on the order of the diameter of a single constituent fiber. By optical waveguiding, the image is transmitted to the exit end. The liquid crystal fiber array will transmit low-power optical signal/scenery linearly and maximally; it will, via a variety of nonlinear mechanisms, limit the transmission of high energy laser pulses and therefore protect the downstream sensor.
Study of Fractal Dimensions of Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained by the Spray-Drying Method (2019)

In this research, the fractal structure of beads of different sizes obtained by the spray-drying of aqueous dispersions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was studied. These beads were formed as a result of the aggregation of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystalline particles (CNP). It was found that increasing the average radius (R) of the formed MCC beads resulted in increased specific pore volume (P) and reduced apparent density (ρ). The dependences of P and ρ on the scale factor (R/r) can be expressed by power-law equations: P = Po (R/r)E−Dp and ρ = d (R/r)Dd−E, where the fractal dimensions Dp = 2.887 and Dd = 2.986 are close to the Euclidean dimension E = 3 for three-dimensional space; r = 3 nm is the radius of the cellulose nanocrystalline particles, Po = 0.03 cm3/g is the specific pore volume, and d = 1.585 g/cm3 is the true density (specific gravity) of the CNP, respectively. With the increase in the size of the formed MCC beads, the order in the packing of the beads was distorted, conforming to theory of the diffusion-limited aggregation process.
Intermittent lighting reduces the incidence of ascites in broilers: an interaction with protein content of feed on performance and the endocrine system (1998)

An experiment with 840 day-old male broiler chicks (Ross) was initiated to investigate the effect of intermittent lighting schedules, combined with two isocaloric feeds differing in protein content, on ascites mortality. At 9 d of age, chicks were randomly distributed over two rooms: one room with a 23 h light(L):1 h dark (D) lighting schedule (CL), and another room with an intermittent lighting schedule (IL, 1L:3D). In each room, two isocaloric feeds differing in CP content, supplemented or not supplemented with 1.5 ppm triiodothyronine (T3), were provided. The experiment was repeated under identical conditions except that lighting schedules were changed between rooms. From Day 14 onwards, biweekly growth and feed intake were determined and feed conversion (FCR) was calculated. Daily mortality was recorded and necropsies were performed. Weekly blood samples were taken from 10 randomly chosen birds per experimental group for measurements of growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormones [thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)], and hematocrit values. Birds reared in IL manifested a more concave growth trajectory than those in CL, which was associated with a lower FCR and higher plasma GH levels during the finisher period. Mortality due to ascites was markedly increased by dietary T3 supplementation. In hyperthyroid chickens, ascites mortality was lower in IL than in CL and lower in birds fed normal protein than in those fed subnormal protein levels. Dietary T3 decreased plasma GH and T4 levels, whereas T3 levels were increased. It is concluded that IL or a higher protein content of the feed reduces the incidence of T3-induced ascites mortality. Possible causal mechanisms are discussed.
[Abnormality of type IV collagen metabolism in the development of diabetic nephropathy]. (1992)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the thickening of glomerular basement membrane and the expansion of mesangium. These changes are considered to be caused by an accumulation of the extracellular matrix protein including type IV collagen. The mesangial cells are the cells responsible for the synthesis and metabolism of type IV in the mesangial cells are discussed. The role of advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy will be also discussed.
Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of Upper Lumbar Disc Herniation: Ten-Year Microsurgical Experience (2011)

Upper and lower lumbar disc herniation apparently have different background, symptoms, and operative results. This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of 403 patients (409 discs) who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy performed by different surgeons at our institute between 1999 and 2009. The 290 male (72.0%) and 113 female (28.0%) patients were aged from 19 to 77 years (mean 44 years). Demographics, symptoms, and static and dynamic radiographic and magnetic resonance images obtained at the L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 intervertebral levels were analyzed. Of the 409 herniations, 3 were at L1-2, 9 at L2-3, 21 at L3-4, 166 at L4-5, and 210 at L5-S1. The mean age at herniation at L1-2 and L2-3 levels was 55.7 years. Patients with herniation of discs at L3-4 or above were significantly older than patients who suffered herniation at L4-5 or below (p < 0.0001), and the incidence of urinary disturbance was significantly higher in patients with herniation at L1-2 and L2-3 levels (p = 0.0013). The incidence of degenerative scoliosis was significantly higher in patients with herniation at L1-2 and L2-3 than in those with herniated discs at L3-4 or below (p < 0.0001). Patients with upper lumbar disc herniation were older and manifested a higher incidence of urinary disturbance. A high incidence of degenerative scoliosis was noted in the course of prolonged degenerative processes.
Characterization of mutant mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. that have incorporated tRNAs by reverse transcription. (1989)

The Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. are closely related, closed-circular DNAs (3.6 and 3.7 kilobases, respectively) whose nucleotide sequences and genetic organization suggest relationships to mitochondrial introns and retroelements. We have characterized nine suppressive mutants of these plasmids that outcompete mitochondrial DNA and lead to impaired growth. All nine suppressive plasmids contain small insertions, corresponding to or including a mitochondrial tRNA (tRNATrp, tRNAGly, or tRNAVal) or a tRNA-like sequence. The insertions are located at the position corresponding to the 5' end of the major plasmid transcript or 24 nucleotides downstream near a cognate of the sequence at the major 5' RNA end. The structure of the suppressive plasmids suggests that the tRNAs were inserted via an RNA intermediate. The 3' end of the wild-type plasmid transcript can itself be folded into a secondary structure which has tRNA-like characteristics, similar to the tRNA-like structures at the 3' ends of plant viral RNAs. This structure may play a role in replication of the plasmids by reverse transcription. Major transcripts of the suppressive plasmids begin at the 5' end of the inserted mitochondrial tRNA sequence and are present in 25- to 100-fold-higher concentrations than are transcripts of wild-type plasmids. Mapping of 5' RNA ends within the inserted mtDNA sequences identifies a short consensus sequence (PuNPuAG) which is present at the 5' ends of a subset of mitochondrial tRNA genes. This sequence, together with sequences immediately upstream in the plasmids, forms a longer consensus sequence, which is similar to sequences at transcription initiation sites in Neurospora mitochondrial DNA. The suppressive behavior of the plasmids is likely to be directly related to the insertion of tRNAs leading to overproduction of plasmid transcripts.
Characterization of β‐Silicon Nitride Whiskers (1990)

The physical, chemical, and structural properties of a commercially available β‐Si 3 N 4 whisker were characterized. Bulk chemical analysis indicated that the whiskers were close to stoichiometric silicon nitride, with oxygen and yttrium as the major impurities. Surface chemistry analysis by XPS analysis revealed that the surfaces consisted primarily of silicon nitride, with the oxygen and yttrium impurities concentrated at the surfaces. SEM and STEM studies indicated that the whiskers were dimensionally straight with relatively featureless surfaces, although some whiskers had Y‐rich particles attached. The whiskers were also found to be of extreme crystallographic perfection, as determined by TEM analysis.
Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von [Pd<sub>9</sub>As<sub>8</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>] und [Pd<sub>9</sub>Sb<sub>6</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>] (1991)

Abstract [PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] reagiert mit As(SiMe 3 ) 3 zu der neuen Clusterverbindung [Pd 9 As 8 (PPh 3 ) 8 ] ( 4 ). Die Struktur von 4 wurde durch eine Kristallstruktruanalyse aufgeklärt. Danach besteht das Molekül aus vier [Pd 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ]‐Einheiten, die durch As 2 ‐Brücken verbunden sind. Im Zentrum des Clusters befindet sich zudem noch ein weiteres Pd‐Atom. 4 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit vier Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle. Die Gitterkonstanten betragen bei 200 K: a = 3 970,6(3), b = 1 648,90(16), c = 3 266,3(20) pm, β = 131,44(4)°. Die Reaktion von [PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] mit Sb(SiMe 3 ) 3 führt dagegen zu [Pd 9 Sb 6 (PPh 3 ) 8 ] ( 5 ). In 5 liegt ein raumzentrierter Kubus von 9 Pd‐Atomen vor. Alle Flächen des Kubus werden von μ 4 ‐Sb‐Liganden überbrückt, und acht Pd‐Atome sind zunächst an PPh 3 ‐Liganden gebunden. 5 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pn 3 mit zwei Molekülen in der Elementarzelle. Die Gitterkonstanten betragen bei 200 K: a = b = c = 1 995,4(2) pm.
PbSe quantum dots/polymer nanocomposite materials for optical communications (2005)

The PbSe nanocrystals were synthesized without impurity from lead oleate and Se(TOP) by heating in phenyl ether. The particle size increases the synthesis temperature. The PbSe QD / PPA nanocomposite was made with the synthesized PbSe nanocrystals and the amine-containing PPA polymer by using the ligand exchange method. The PbSe nanocrystals were well dispersed in the PbSe QD / PPA nanocomposite. The PbSe QD / PPA nanocomposite film has the broad PL peak around 1300 nm with FWHM of ~ 170 nm. The time constant in the PbSe QD / PPA nanocomposite film is as slow as ~ 150 ns. We investigated the structures of the developed PbSe QD / PPA nanocomposite film as well as their optical properties, and then suggested their photonic applications.
Accurate ECG Diagnosis of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Using Quantitative Analysis: A Prospective Diagnostic and Cost‐Effectiveness Study (2010)

Typical AFl and AF are frequently misdiagnosed using visual criteria. Quantitative analysis improves diagnostic accuracy and results in improved healthcare costs and patient outcomes.
Sympathetic stimulation and hypertension in the pyridoxine-deficient adult rat. (1988)

Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme of various decarboxylases involved in the formation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on a pyridoxine-deficient diet for 8 weeks showed significant hypertension compared with pyridoxine-supplemented controls. Hypothalamic contents of pyridoxal phosphate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin in the pyridoxine-deficient rats were significantly lower than those in pyridoxine-supplemented controls. Hypertension was associated with sympathetic stimulation. Treatment of pyridoxine-deficient rats with a single dose of pyridoxine (10 mg/kg body weight) reversed the blood pressure to normal levels within 24 hours, with concomitant restorations of hypothalamic serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid as well as the return of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine to normal levels. Also, pyridoxine treatment reversed the hypothalamic hypothyroidism observed in pyridoxine-deficient rats. These results indicate an association between pyridoxine deficiency and sympathetic stimulation leading to hypertension.
A Facile Synthesis of Indoloquinazolines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Geldanamycin—Testosterone Hybrids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visualization of 3D ultrasound data (1993)

It is suggested that ultrasound data acquisition will play an increasing role in the future of medical imaging. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT), ultrasound offers interactive visualization of underlying anatomy in real time. Additionally, ultrasound equipment costs far less and does not use ionizing radiation or require specialized facilities. The different methods for multidimensional medical imaging and scientific visualization are reviewed. Several volume visualization algorithms are discussed. They are multiplexer slicing, surface fitting, volume rendering, data classification, and viewing and shading. Three-dimensional ultrasound data display methods are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>