gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHROME B and HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 Control Light-Induced Chromatin Compaction in Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)

Natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana exists for many traits and often reflects acclimation to local environments. Studying natural variation has proven valuable in the characterization of phenotypic traits and, in particular, in identifying genetic factors controlling these traits. It has been previously shown that chromatin compaction changes during development and biotic stress. To gain more insight into the genetic control of chromatin compaction, we investigated the nuclear phenotype of 21 selected Arabidopsis accessions from different geographic origins and habitats. We show natural variation in chromatin compaction and demonstrate a positive correlation with latitude of geographic origin. The level of compaction appeared to be dependent on light intensity. A novel approach, combining Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping and microscopic examination, pointed at PHYTOCHROME-B (PHYB) and HISTONE DEACETYLASE-6 (HDA6) as positive regulators of light-controlled chromatin compaction. Indeed, mutant analyses demonstrate that both factors affect global chromatin organization. HDA6, in addition, strongly promotes the light-mediated compaction of the Nucleolar Organizing Regions (NORs). The accession Cape Verde Islands-0 (Cvi-0), which shows sequence polymorphism in the PHYB gene and in the HDA6 promotor, resembles the hda6 mutant in having reduced chromatin compaction and decreased methylation levels of DNA and histone H3K9 at the NORs. We provide evidence that chromatin organization is controlled by light intensity. We propose that chromatin plasticity is associated with acclimation of Arabidopsis to its environment. The polymorphic alleles such as PHYB and HDA6 control this process.
Physiological Responses of Diverse Tall Fescue Cultivars to Drought Stress (1999)

Drought is among the most limiting factors for turfgrass growth. Understanding genetic variations and physiological mechanisms in turfgrass drought resistance would facilitate breeding and management programs to improve drought resistance. The experiment was designed to investigate shoot physiological responses of six tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars representing several generations of turfgrass improvement to drought stress. Grasses were grown in well-watered or drying (nonirrigated) soil for 35 days in the greenhouse. Net photosynthetic rate (P n ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), transpiration rate (Tr), relative water content (RWC), and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined during drought progression in all cultivars, but the time and the severity of reductions varied with cultivar and physiological factors. The values of P n , RWC, g s , and Tr decreased significantly for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' when soil water content declined to 20% after 9 days of treatment (DOT) and for `Houndog V', `Kentucky-31', and `Falcon II' when soil water content dropped to 10% at 15 DOT. A significant decrease in Fv/Fm was not observed in drought-stressed plants until 21 DOT for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' and 28 DOT for `Houndog V', `Kentucky-31', and `Falcon II'. The decline in P n resulted mainly from internal water deficit and stomatal closure under mild drought-stress conditions. After a prolonged period of drought stress (35 DOT), `Falcon II', `Houndog V', and `Kentucky-31' maintained higher P n than did `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix', which could be attributed to their higher Fv/Fm. This study demonstrated variation in drought resistance among tall fescue cultivars, which was related to their differential responses in photosynthetic capacity and water relations.
Rapid quantitative procedure for removing cholesterol from butter fat (1967)

Cholesterol is rapidly and quantitatively removed from butter fat by passage of the fat in hexane or benzene solution over a column of Celite impregnated with an aqueous solution of digitonin.
Aneurisma da artéria esplênica (1999)

Foram analisados retrospectivamente dez pacientes portadores de aneurisma da artéria esplênica, submetidos a tratamento no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, no período compreendido entre outubro de 1978 a março de 1997. Perfaziam um total de 14 aneurismas da artéria esplênica, sendo únicos em nove pacientes e múltiplos (cinco) em um paciente. Houve predominância do sexo feminino com relação mulher/homem de 4/1. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico em 60% dos pacientes, embolização dos aneurismas em 10%, associação de embolização e cirurgia em 10% e tratamento conservador em 20%. Nenhum óbito ocorreu durante o tratamento.
Statistical foundations of audit trail analysis for the detection of computer misuse (1993)

We model computer transactions as generated by two stationary stochastic processes, the legitimate (normal) process N and the misuse process M. We define misuse (anomaly) detection to be the identification of transactions most likely to have been generated by M. We formally demonstrate that the accuracy of misuse detectors is bounded by a function of the difference of the densities of the processes N and M over the space of transactions. In practice, detection accuracy can be far below this bound, and generally improves with increasing sample size of historical (training) data. Careful selection of transaction attributes also can improve detection accuracy; we suggest several criteria for attribute selection, including adequate sampling rate and separation between models. We demonstrate that exactly optimizing even the simplest of these criteria is NP-hard, thus motivating a heuristic approach. We further differentiate between modeling (density estimation) and nonmodeling approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epitaxy and magnetotransport of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">FeMoO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin films (2000)

By pulsed-laser deposition epitaxial thin films of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ have been prepared on (100) ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates. Already for a deposition temperature of 320 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C epitaxial growth is achieved. Depending on deposition parameters the films show metallic or semiconducting behavior. At high (low) deposition temperature the FeMo sublattice has a rock-salt (random) structure. The metallic samples have a large negative magnetoresistance which peaks at the Curie temperature. The magnetic moment was determined to $4{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per formula unit (f.u.), in agreement with the expected value for an ideal ferrimagnetic arrangement. We found at 300 K an ordinary Hall coefficient of $\ensuremath{-}6.01\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10} {\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{As},$ corresponding to an electronlike charge-carrier density of 1.3 per FeMo pair. In the semiconducting films the magnetic moment is reduced to $1{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{f}.\mathrm{u}.$ due to disorder in the FeMo sublattice. In low fields an anomalous holelike contribution dominates the Hall voltage, which nearly vanishes at low temperatures for the metallic films only.
A Low Cost Artificial Vision System for Visually Impaired People (2009)

A cheap guidance system based on AT89C52 microcontroller is developed for facilitating visually impaired people. Ultrasonic sensors are used to calculate distance of the obstacles around the blind person to guide the user towards the available path. Output is in the form of voice which the blind person can hear e.g., right, left etc. In its advance mode, the system will be able to recognize objects using image processing algorithms. Results are presented to show the validity and performance of the system.
Stability of Vancomycin Hydrochloride Solutions at Various PH Values as Determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1995)

A stability-indicating HPLC assay method for the quantitation of vancomycin HCl has been developed. The developed method was used to study the effect of pH, phosphate buffer concentration and ionic strength on the stability of vancomycin HCl. The pH-rate profile curve showed 3 regions, acid-catalyzed, general base-catalyzed and the pH-independent region. The region of maximum stability was between pH 3.0 to about 5.7. On increasing the buffer concentration, phosphate ions hastened the decomposition of vancomycin HCl, the effect being more pronounced at pH 6.85 than at pH 4.43. In the pH region of 1–3, the decomposition was catalyzed by H+ and between pH 3–7 by HPO42-, H2PO4− and OH−. An increase in the ionic strength decreased the rate of decomposition.
Consensus in asynchronous systems where processes can crash and recover (2002)

The consensus problem is now well identified as being one of the most important problems encountered in the design and the construction of fault-tolerant distributed systems. This problem is defined as follows: processes have to reach a common decision, which depends on their inputs, despite failures. We consider the consensus problem in asynchronous distributed systems augmented with unreliable failure detectors. Several protocols have been proposed for these systems, when process crashes are assumed to be definitive. This paper addresses the consensus problem in a more practical asynchronous system model, namely in a context where processes can crash and recover. As a process crash entails the loss of its volatile memory, each process is equipped with a stable storage. So, to be efficient a consensus protocol has to log as few critical data as possible. The proposed protocol uses a new class of failure detectors suited to the crash/recovery model. It is particularly efficient when, whether there are crashes or not, the underlying failure detector makes few mistakes. Additionally, the proposed protocol tolerates message duplication and copes with some message losses.
Effect of conjoint use of manures and fertilizers on yield and quality of soybean grains. (2008)

Soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill) is an important pulse as well as oil seed crop. Soybean contains 40 to 42 per cent protein and 20 per cent oil. It has got worldwide acceptance because of the proteinous nature and termed as “Golden bean” by the agricultural scientist (Xavier Paul Raj, 2002). Although all quality characteristic of soybean are genetically controlled, it had long been known that the cultivation environment is also important as a modifier. Among the factors of quality crop production on sustainable basis, soils, fertilizers and moisture are main factors, which alter grain quality and yield also. Hence present experiment was planned to study generate scientific information on the effect of manures and fertilizers application alone and incombination on yield and quality of soybean grains.
Maxwell, Matter, and Method: Maxwellian Methodology, Methodological Maxwellianism, and Methods of Historical and Philosophical Speculation (2011)

This chapter examines Achinstein's historical and philosophical speculations about Maxwell's natural philosophy, and their role as evidence for Achinstein's more general philosophical speculations. Achinstein seeks the authority of Maxwell, as theoretical physicist; as author of a kinetic theory of gases and the theory of electromagnetism committed to the existence of molecules; as contributor of theoretical derivations valued regardless of their meta-theoretical or philosophical experimental significance; as author of methodological models; and as proponent and practitioner of a “method of physical speculation.” As a meta-methodological expression of Maxwell's method of physical speculation, one may call Achinstein's methodological move a method of philosophical speculation.
Models of Forest Ecosystems (2011)

Lakes and reservoirs are important ecosystems, because they provide a valuable storage of water-in most cases, of fresh water. They are crucial for the other ecosystems in the landscape and for the human society.
Early treatment of stroke with monosialoganglioside GM-1. Efficacy and safety results of the Early Stroke Trial. (1994)

These findings suggest that GM-1 is safe in the dose and treatment schedule used and that its efficacy in ischemic stroke is greater when given soon after onset of stroke.
Demonstration of photonic packet-switched ring network with optically transparent nodes (1994)

We demonstrate the operation of a photonic packet-switched ring network using optically transparent nodes. The demonstration uses three nodes, comprising one control node and two remote nodes. The control node supervises the network and provides optical carriers for all inter-node communications. Operating protocols for this class of network are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amorphous Metallic Plastic (2005)

We report cerium-based bulk metallic glasses with an exceptionally low glass transition temperature Tg, similar to or lower than that of many polymers. We demonstrate that, in near-boiling water, these materials can be repeatedly shaped, and can thus be regarded as metallic plastics. Their resistance to crystallization permits extended forming times above Tg and ensures an adequate lifetime at room temperature. Such materials, combining polymerlike thermoplastic behavior with the distinctive properties of metallic glasses, are highly unusual for metallic alloys and have great potential in applications and can also facilitate studies of the supercooled liquid state.
Tumor suppressor miR-375 regulates MYC expression via repression of CIP2A coding sequence through multiple miRNA–mRNA interactions (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional regulation of protein-coding genes in various biological processes. In our preliminary miRNA microarray analysis, miR-375 was identified as the most underexpressed in human oral tumor versus controls. The purpose of the present study is to examine the function of miR-375 as a candidate tumor suppressor miRNA in oral cancer. Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), a guardian of oncoprotein MYC, is identified as a candidate miR-375 target based on bioinformatics. Luciferase assay accompanied by target sequence mutagenesis elucidates five functional miR-375-binding sites clustered in the CIP2A coding sequence close to the C-terminal domain. Overexpression of CIP2A is clearly demonstrated in oral cancers, and inverse correlation between miR-375 and CIP2A is observed in the tumors, as well as in NCI-60 cell lines, indicating the potential generalized involvement of the miR-375-CIP2A relationship in many other cancers. Transient transfection of miR-375 in oral cancer cells reduces the expression of CIP2A, resulting in decrease of MYC protein levels and leading to reduced proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Therefore this study shows that underexpression of tumor suppressor miR-375 could lead to uncontrolled CIP2A expression and extended stability of MYC, which contributes to promoting cancerous phenotypes.
Optimized Design of Cyclic Pressure Pulsing in a Depleted, Naturally Fractured Reservoir (2008)

Abstract Gas cyclic pressure pulsing is an effective IOR method specifically for naturally fractured reservoirs. Due to the computational cost of simulating a large number of scenarios, it is an arduous task to determine the optimum operational conditions for the process. In this study, a practical screening and optimization workflow is utilized to determine the most optimum operating conditions for cyclic pressure pulsing applications with N2 and CO2 in a fully-depleted reservoir. Two huff ‘n’ puff design schemes with variable and constant injection volumes are implemented in a compositional, dual-porosity reservoir simulation model. A set of representative design scenarios is created and run using this model. Then, the collected performance indicators are fed into the neural network for training and two neural network-based proxies are developed: 1) A forward proxy to predict the corresponding performance indicators once given the design scenarios, 2) An inverse proxy to predict the corresponding design scenarios once given a set of desired performance characteristics. Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to search for the best design scenario that would maximize the efficiency of the process for a given time of operation. To evaluate the objective function, the forward proxy is used for computational efficiency. The methodology is tested with a single-well reservoir model of the Big Andy Field which is a depleted, naturally fractured reservoir in Eastern Kentucky with stripper-well production. Predictive capability and accuracy of developed networks are checked by comparing simulation outputs with network outputs. It is observed that networks are able to accurately predict the performance indicators including the peak rate, time to reach the peak rate, cycle flow rates, incremental oil production, and gas-oil-ratio. The proposed methodology is practical and computationally efficient in structuring more effective decisions towards the optimum design of the process.
Changes in IGFs in cardiac tissue following myocardial infarction (1999)

We have studied changes in the IGF axis in an ovine model of myocardial infarction (MI), in order to determine the relationship between time-based changes in post-infarct myocardium and IGF levels. IGF localization was studied by immunocytochemistry, production by in situ hybridization, and specific binding by radioligand studies. In surviving tissue, IGF-I peptide localized to cardiomyocytes, with strongest immunostaining at 1 and 2 days post-infarct in the immediate border area adjoining the infarct, where IGF-I mRNA also increased, reaching a maximum at 2 days. Binding of radiolabelled IGF-I in surviving tissue was initially lower than that seen in cardiomyocytes in control myocardium, subsequently increasing to become significantly greater by 6 days post-infarct. In necrotic tissue, IGF-I peptide was still detectable in cardiomyocytes at 0.5 days post-infarct, but had cleared from this area by 1 day, becoming detectable again at 6 days post-infarct in macrophages and fibroblasts infiltrating the repair zone. IGF-I mRNA was not detected in necrotic tissue until 6 days, when probe hybridized to macrophages and fibroblasts. Within the necrotic zone, high levels of radiolabelled IGF-I binding to a combination of receptors and binding proteins were observed in cardiomyocytes in islands of viable tissue located close to the border. Weak immunostaining for IGF-II was observed in cardiomyocytes of the surviving tissue. IGF-II mRNA was not detected in either surviving or necrotic areas. Binding of radiolabelled IGF-II was predominantly to macrophages in both surviving and infarct areas, although as with IGF-I, high levels of binding of radiolabelled IGF-II to a combination of receptors and binding proteins were observed in islands of viable tissue close to the border within the necrotic area. We conclude that, following MI, surviving cardiomyocytes at the infarct border show marked changes in IGF-I localization, production, and specific binding, indicating that the IGF axis is directly involved in post-infarct events, possibly in the maintenance of cardiac function by the induction of hypertrophy and in cell survival by decreasing apoptotic cell death, which has been demonstrated in other cell types.
Relaxin Activity in the Pregnant Cat1 (1985)

Plasma relaxin activity was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the domestic cat utilizing two different antisera developed against highly purified porcine relaxin. One was the 5858 antiserum from our laboratory and the other was the R6 antiserum of Dr. Bernard Steinetz. Relaxin activity could not be detected during the estrous cycle or during pseudopregnancy. Relaxin immunoactivity during early gestation was not detected by either antiserum. Plasma relaxin immunoactivity was first detected by both antisera on about Day 25 of gestation. Relaxin concentrations then increased rapidly, with a plateau reached between Days 30 and 35 that was maintained until 10-15 days prepartum. Relaxin concentrations then declined gradually until parturition. No prepartum increase was observed. Relaxin concentrations were undetectable within 24 h of delivery. Although amounts of immunoactivity measured with the R6 antiserum were consistently higher than measurements with the 5858 antiserum, the patterns of secretions observed were similar for both antisera.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in biologically healthy older adults (2021)

Background: Unintentional weight loss is a hallmark of frailty and is associated with poor outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes. As such, the role of pharmacological therapies that facilitate weight loss – namely, sodium- glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists – remains uncertain in fitter older adults. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate these agents on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in older adults eligible for participation in cardiovascular outcome trials.Methods: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and CNKI from inception to 29 June 2020. A class-specific meta-analysis was conducted in older adults (>65 years at recruitment) and compared with the similar analysis in younger (<65 years) adults.Results: Of 761 unique studies identified, nine met the criteria for inclusion, five using GLP-1 receptor agonists and four with SGLT-2 inhibitors. GLP-1 receptor agonists in older adults were associated with a 15.3% (OR 0.847 (95% CI 0.788 to 0.910)) reduction in MACE events, similar to the 16% benefit seen in younger adults. The use of SGLT-2 inhibitors reduced MACE in older participants by 16.9% (OR 0.831 (95% CI 0.699 to 0.989)), numerically superior to the impact in younger patients (OR 0.936 (95% CI 0.787 to 1.113).Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors reduced MACE outcomes in older adults who were eligible to participate in clinical trials. Whereas this is reassuring for the biologically robust, it should not be extrapolated to frail older adults without further investigation.
Teachers' Beliefs about Small-Group Instruction in Elementary School Mathematics (1990)

Thomas L. Good, Douglas A. Grouws, DeWayne A. Mason, Teachers' Beliefs about Small-Group Instruction in Elementary School Mathematics, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Jan., 1990), pp. 2-15