gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Multiple-Fractured Horizontal Tight Gas Well (2010)

Abstract Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are two reliable technologies which have made recovery of tight/shale gas economically viable. A common practice is to drill horizontal well parallel to the minimum horizontal stress, consider short perforation intervals and hydraulically fracture the formation. It is expected that the created fractures would be perpendicular to the horizontal well (transverse fractures). Determining the number of fractures in such horizontal wells is of great interest by the industry. Although one may assume that the more the number of fractures the better the productivity, there is always an optimum number of fractures (hence optimum fracture spacing) which is obtained based on both production rate of the reservoir and its cumulative production. In this paper, different sensitivity analyses on physical optimization parameters are combined by economical evaluation to find the optimum value of fractures spacing (number of fractures), and the length of horizontal section. These optimization analyses have been done on horizontal section length, total permeability, anisotropic permeability ratio, and drainage area. Analyses have been performed based on the values of gas production rates, cumulative production, and defined K value. Finally, economical optimization which was performed using U.S. historical monthly gas prices, inflation and interest rates over a period of 27 years, was coupled with production data obtained from modeling. All the costs and revenues were converted to U.S. Dollar value in 2009. This evaluation shows that for each specific reservoir an optimization study is required and there is no unique solution for all types of reservoirs. However, the gas price forecast is the main factor which governs the whole optimization process.
Baixo Sabor/Alto Coa: a comparison of technical and environmental features (2004)

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm is a rare but benign form of ventricular tachycardia which might be challenging to differentiate from other more worrisome forms. We present the case of a healthy newborn diagnosed with an accelerated idioventricular rhythm which is spontaneously terminated without the need for medical therapy.
THE MARKET FOR FISH MEAL AND OIL IN THE UNITED STATES: 1960-1988 AND FUTURE PROSPECTS (1990)

Fish meal is used in the United States largely as a high-protein ingredient in poultry feed. Prices of domestic fish meal are determined by world market conditions for fish meal as well as other oil meals. Faced with limited fish meal supplies and little control over prices, the U.S. poultry industry has substituted other ingredients and made use of technological advances to satisfy the nation's growing demand for table birds. A number of factors have been identified that may significantly affect future demand, supply, and prices of fish meal and oil, both in the United States and abroad. These include (1) increases in world aquaculture production, (2) possible development of a domestic market for hydrogenated fish oil, (3) recent changes in the Alaska pollock fishery, (4) efforts to develop marketable products for direct human consumption from reduction species, and (5) the status of the Japanese and South American sardine fisheries.
연구논문 / 어머니의 애착과 양육행동이 청소년의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향 (2000)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sex of adolescent and SES of the family, maternal attachment and child-rearing behavior on adolescent`s self-esteem. The subjects were 234 pairs of adolescents attending at junior-middle schools and their mothers in Kwangju. The questionnaires were used to collect the datas on maternal attachment and child-rearing behavior and adolescent`s self-esteem. The results were as follows: 1. The effects of maternal attachment types on maternal child-rearing behaviors did not found significantly. 2. Maternal `love` and `authoritarian` child-rearing behavior, sex of adolescent were found significantly influential variables on adolescent`s self-esteem. 3. Due to sex and levels of self-esteem, the influences of variables were found differently.
Pulmonary delivery of insulin (2006)

ABSTRACTThe long-term benefits of providing intensive insulin therapy to control blood glucose levels have been demonstrated in patients with diabetes. However, achieving improved glycemic control in clinical practice continues to be a major challenge, with only a small proportion of diabetes patients achieving current treatment goals. A number of attempts have been made to develop new ways of delivering insulin which, without the need for subcutaneous injections, may help increase the adoption of insulin treatment by diabetes patients. The most promising non-invasive route of insulin delivery is via the lung, and there are several novel inhaled insulin formulations and innovative insulin inhalers in development. The most advanced of these, Exubera (insulin human [rDNA origin] Inhalation Powder) was approved for use in adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the United States and European Union in January 2006. Exubera uses a unique dry-powder insulin formulation (1–3 µm particles) and a hand-held, manually operated inhalation device to deliver a discrete, accurate, reproducible and effective insulin dose to the deep lung. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data show that Exubera and other inhaled insulins have a time-action profile that is well suited for mealtime insulin administration and could, therefore, represent a new opportunity for improved glycemic control and health outcomes in patients with diabetes. In preparing this article, the authors searched for references to inhaled insulin in the Medline database and in congress abstracts from 1998 to 2006. A key limitation of this literature review was the fact that Exubera is the only inhaled insulin that has been approved by regulators in Europe and North America, and it is the only inhaled insulin for which extensive efficacy and safety data is publicly available. * Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA; Nektar Therapeutics, San Carlos, CA, USA Key words: : Diabetes mellitus, type 1Diabetes mellitus, type 2Inhaled insulinInhalersInsulinPulmonary delivery Notes* Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA; Nektar Therapeutics, San Carlos, CA, USA
Single intranasal immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine induces sustained and protective immunity against MERS-CoV infection (2019)

The recently identified Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe and fatal acute respiratory illness in humans. However, no approved prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are currently available. The MERS-CoV envelope spike protein serves as a crucial target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development, as it plays a critical role in mediating viral entry through interactions with the cellular receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). Here, we constructed a recombinant rare serotype of the chimpanzee adenovirus 68 (AdC68) that expresses full-length MERS-CoV S protein (AdC68-S). Single intranasal immunization with AdC68-S induced robust and sustained neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in BALB/c mice. In a human DPP4 knock-in (hDPP4-KI) mouse model, it completely protected against lethal challenge with a mouse-adapted MERS-CoV (MERS-CoV-MA). Passive transfer of immune sera to naïve hDPP4-KI mice also provided survival advantages from lethal MERS-CoV-MA challenge. Analysis of sera absorption and isolated monoclonal antibodies from immunized mice demonstrated that the potent and broad neutralizing activity was largely attributed to antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein. These results show that AdC68-S can induce protective immune responses in mice and represent a promising candidate for further development against MERS-CoV infection in both dromedaries and humans.
Ankylosing spondylitis associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection (1981)

A patient is described who developed signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis after prostatitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis. Chronic prostatitis of unknown cause had previously been reported as being common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The observations in this case raise the possibility that T. vaginalis might play a role in the prostatitis and pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis in some patients.
Cyclopeptides from Amanita exitialis (2011)

A new cyclic nonapeptide, amanexitide (1), along with the known cyclopeptides, α- and β-amanitins, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Amanita exitialis, a newly described poisonous mushroom endemic to Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Its amino acid composition and absolute configuration were determined by chemical degradation and derivatization followed by chiral GC analysis. Its amino acid sequence was elucidated by extensive analysis of ESIMS/MS and FTICRMS data. The occurrence of 1 in this mushroom is interesting because it has a structure closely related to antamanide, a cyclic decapeptide with antidote activity against amatoxins and phallotoxins, occurring in A. phalloides.
An algorithm for the fast Fourier transform on a Connection Machine (1990)

An efficient algorithm for performing a fast Fourier transform on a data parallel computer is presented. The algorithm allows both the decimation in time (bit reversal) and Danielson–Lanczos (butterfly) phases to be executed in log(N) steps, where N is the size of the transform. Pseudocode is given for implementing the algorithm on a Connection Machine.
Intron Definition in Splicing of Small <i>Drosophila</i> Introns (1994)

Approximately half of the introns in Drosophila melanogaster are too small to function in a vertebrate and often lack the pyrimidine tract associated with vertebrate 3' splice sites. Here, we report the splicing and spliceosome assembly properties of two such introns: one with a pyrimidine-poor 3' splice site and one with a pyrimidine-rich 3' splice site. The pyrimidine-poor intron was absolutely dependent on its small size for in vivo and in vitro splicing and assembly. As such, it had properties reminiscent of those of yeast introns. The pyrimidine-rich intron had properties intermediate between those of yeasts and vertebrates. This 3' splice site directed assembly of ATP-dependent complexes when present as either an intron or exon and supported low levels of in vivo splicing of a moderate-length intron. We propose that splice sites can be recognized as pairs across either exons or introns, depending on which distance is shorter, and that a pyrimidine-rich region upstream of the 3' splice site facilitates the exon mode.
High-Resolution InSAR Building Layovers Detection and Exploitation (2015)

Layover affects the quality of urban interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) digital elevation models. Moreover, it is generally difficult to interpret because of the superposition of several contributions in a single SAR pixel. In this paper, a novel technique for the extraction of building layovers is first presented. It makes use of the geocoding stage embedded in the InSAR processor. It is shown that building layovers create a regular pattern in the mapping counter, a map describing the number of occurrences of a SAR pixel in the elevation model. Its exploitation yields a generation of a layover map without the use of external supports. The integration in the processor with a limited additional computational load and the capability to isolate layover signatures are additional benefits. Layover patches are then individually analyzed toward a better understanding of the complex urban signal return. A spectral estimation framework is employed to assess the slopes superimposed in the patches. Fringe-frequency estimation is involved. A set of simulations made for a nonparametric (fast Fourier transform) and a parametric (multiple signal classification) technique is performed prior to testing on real data. It is demonstrated that in X-band, for a single interferogram, just one layover contributor, when it dominates over the others, can be extracted with a sufficient accuracy. The algorithms are tested on a TanDEM-X spotlight acquisition over Berlin (Germany).
Mode filtering to reduce ultrasound speckle for feature extraction (1995)

The authors investigate the use of filtering techniques to reduce speckle in ultrasound images, to improve their suitability for later feature extraction. The maximum likelihood estimator for a speckle corrupted image is shown to correspond to the statistical mode but this is difficult to determine for small populations, such as those contained by a filter mask. The truncated median filter approximates the mode by using the order of known image statistics and provides a fully automated image processing technique for speckle filtering. The filter's performance is established using a new quantitative evaluation scheme that closely considers the effect of filtering on edges, a key factor when applying features extraction in automated image interpretation. Application to in vivo and phantom test images shows that the truncated median filter provides clear images with strong edges, of quality exceeding that of other techniques. These benefits are confirmed by the application of feature extraction in arterial wall labelling.
An Experimental Investigation of the Efficacy of Automated Weather Data Transmission to Aircraft in Flight. (1982)

Results of a flight evaluation of a cockpit weather data device operating with actual weather are reported which indicate that valuable and useful weather information can be given automatically to the pilot in flight to aid his decision making. Both text and graphics were investigated and found to have the potential of increasing aircraft safety. (Author)
Analysis of naturally occurring and site-directed mutations in the argininosuccinate lyase gene. (1991)

Argininosuccinic aciduria is an inborn error of metabolism due to the genetic deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase. In order to determine the molecular basis for the disease, RNA isolated from cultured skin fibroblasts derived from four unrelated patients was reverse-transcribed and amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and the products were cloned and sequenced. Three single base missense mutations were identified: Arg111----Trp, Gln286----Arg, and Arg193----Gln. One single base amber mutation was identified at Gln454. One mutation involved a 13-base pair deletion within exon 13, and it was noted that the majority of the mature RNA derived from this allele was deleted for the entire exon rather than containing the exon with the 13 bases deleted. A final mutation was observed in which exon 2 was deleted from the mature RNA. The molecular basis for this deletion was not determined. Of the eight potential mutations present in the four cell lines studied, six mutations were identified and further data indicate that the remaining two unidentified mutations were different from those identified. Two site-directed mutations were created in the cDNA, Lys51----Asn and His89----Gln, and these were expressed in yeast. The Lys51 mutation caused an approximate 2-fold reduction in activity and the His89 mutation resulted in an approximate 10-fold reduction in activity. The combination of determination of naturally occurring mutations and the study of the effect of site-directed mutations on the activity of argininosuccinate lyase provide insight into the amino acid residues critical to the function of the enzyme.
Plasma Protein-Binding Methods in Drug Discovery (2004)

This chapter focuses on the three most widely used in vitro protein binding techniques in pharmaceutical research, which each reflect a diversity of speed, data quality, and complexity. Chromatographic separation using a human serum albumin-immobilized column to allow relative ranking by percent binding is described. Also, 96-well ultrafiltration, perhaps the most widely used in the pharmaceutical industry is discussed. Ultrafiltration allows automation and rapid determinations for multiple compounds in a batch. However, the quality of data from this technique is notoriously dependent on the extent of nonspecific binding of the analyte to the plastic housing or ultrafiltration membrane surface. In addition, 96-well equilibrium dialysis, long considered the definitive or “goldstandard” means of protein binding determinations, is described. Commercial devices have only recently been introduced to allow automation of this technique in a 96-well format.
Represent (2009)

Patricia A. Banks traverses the New York and Atlanta art worlds to uncover how black identities are cultivated through black art patronage. Drawing on over 100 in-depth interviews, observations at arts events, and photographs of art displayed in homes, Banks elaborates a racial identity theory of consumption that highlights how upper-middle class blacks forge black identities for themselves and their children through the consumption of black visual art. She not only challenges common assumptions about elite cultural participation, but also contributes to the heated debate about the significance of race for elite blacks, and illuminates recent art world developments. In doing so, Banks documents how the salience of race extends into the cultural life of even the most socioeconomically successful blacks.
Mechanical properties of isolated cardiac myocytes (1991)

A wide variety of techniques have been developed to monitor the mechanical responses of isolated cardiac myocytes. The most successful are those that measure shortening in unattached cells. Because of their relative ease of implementation, edge-detector methods of following cell displacement have become most widespread. Laser diffraction techniques have been applied to the single heart cells, and sophisticated sarcomere imaging systems capable of 2-ms time resolution of shortening responses have also been developed. Active force has been recorded in intact single cells from frog atria; however, the compliance of the force transducers was relatively higher (approximately 5% Lo). (There is an obvious trade-off between transducer sensitivity, which affects noise and drift and compliance.) Some success has been reported with the use of intact rat myocytes supported by suction micropipettes and in guinea pig ventricular myocytes adhering to poly-L-lysine-coated glass beams. With the rat preparation, contractile stress was comparable to that of ventricular muscle, but few cells survived the attachment. In guinea pig myocytes, contractile stress in electrically induced twitches was only approximately 10% of the active stress developed by mammalian trabeculae or papillary muscles at the same temperature (35 degrees C), but, as with the frog atrial transducer, the compliance of the supporting beams was relatively high. Sarcomere uniformity has not been evaluated in these intact preparations. For attachment to the relatively short mammalian cardiac myocytes, the more promising methods that better preserve sarcomere uniformity include double-barreled micropipettes coated with a barnacle adhesive; however, for nonsubmersible transducers, a continuing limitation is the problem of solution surface stability. Unfortunately, the more severe limitation to effective attachment to intact cells is still the extreme sensitivity of the sarcolemma to mechanical stress. The challenge remains to develop an attachment to the intercalated disk such that cell stress can be transferred to the supporting transducers along the normal stress-bearing cellular interface. The ultrastructural and passive mechanical data strongly indicate that although the extracellular collagen limits the extension of cardiac muscle beyond the peak of the active length-tension relation, there is also a substantial cellular component of resistance to extension. Furthermore, this cellular component is related to the cytoskeleton rather than to membranous elements in the cell. The more likely candidates for the longitudinal resting stress-bearing element are titin (connectin) and desmin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Isotope selective analysis of CO<sub>2</sub>with tunable diode laser (TDL) spectroscopy in the NIR (2004)

The performance of a home-built tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer, aimed at multi-line detection of carbon dioxide, has been evaluated and optimized. In the regime of the (30(0)1)(III) <-- (000) band of (12)CO(2) around 1.6 microm, the dominating isotope species (12)CO(2), (13)CO(2), and (12)C(18)O(16)O were detected simultaneously without interference by water vapor. Detection limits in the range of few ppmv were obtained for each species utilizing wavelength modulation (WM) spectroscopy with balanced detection in a long-path absorption cell set-up. High sensitivity in conjunction with high precision -- typically +/-1 (per thousand) and +/-6 (per thousand) for 3% and 0.7% of CO(2), respectively -- renders this experimental approach a promising analytical concept for isotope-ratio determination of carbon dioxide in soil and breath gas. For a moderate (12)CO(2) line, the pressure dependence of the line profile was characterized in detail, to account for pressure effects on sensitive measurements.
Aluminium allergy (1986)

13 children ranging in age from 1 to 13 years and 1 adult patient had positive patch tests to 2% AlCl3 in water. 13 of them had pruritic excoriated papules, 9 at sites of hyposensitization therapy with aluminium-bound pollen extracts, and 4 at sites of childhood immunization with an aluminium-bound vaccine (Di-Te-Pol). For the 1 adult patient, the positive patch test was not considered to be of current relevance. Aluminium is most likely to sensitize when present in preparations used for immunization.
Research progress of the Sex Control Technology in Mammalian (2006)

Sex control technology of domestic animal had a great significance in animal production. This paper reviewed the principle, theoretical basis, and practical methods of sex control in the mammalian with the emphasis on sex identification of sperm and early stage embryos, meantime, the research progress, existing problems, and future perspectives of sex control techonology were also discussed.
Soft-Switched Interleaved Boost Converters for High Step-Up and High-Power Applications (2010)

This paper proposes a generalized scheme of new soft-switching interleaved boost converters that is suitable for high step-up and high-power applications. The proposed converter is configured with proper numbers of series and parallel connected basic cells in order to fulfill the required output voltage and power levels, respectively. This leads to flexibility in device selection resulting in high component availability and easy thermal distribution. Design examples of determining the optimum circuit configuration for given output voltage and power level are presented. Experimental results from a 1.5-kW prototype are provided to validate the proposed concept.
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase: A role in inflammation and autoimmunity (2010)

A cDNA of PTPN2 encoding for T-cell protein tyrosine phosphate (TC-PTP) was isolated and characterized as long as 20 years ago. However, findings suggesting a potentially exciting role of this enzyme in general autoimmunity have only recently been obtained. Genome-wide association scans of the human genome revealed the involvement of PTPN2 in susceptibility to a several autoimmune disorders such as Crohn’s disease, type 1 diabetes, and Graves’ disease. Functional studies in immune cells revealed a key role of this enzyme in down-regulation of cytokine expression and inflammatory response, which provides an essential background to explaining the pathophysiological role of TC-PTP in autoimmunity. Thus, in addition to PTPN22, PTPN2 is likely to represent a second member of the broad family of non-receptor PTPs contributing to general autoimmunity.