gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exchange rate and stock price interactions in emerging financial markets: evidence on India, Korea, Pakistan and the Philippines (1997)

Interactions are investigated between exchange rates and stock prices in the emerging financial markets of India, Korea, Pakistan and the Philippines. The motivation is to establish the causal linkages between leading prices in the foreign exchange market and the stock market; the linkages have implications for the ongoing attempts to develop stock markets in emerging economies simultaneously with a policy shift towards independently floating exchange rates. Some recent econometric techniques are applied to a bivariate vector autoregressive model using monthly observations on the IFC stock price index and the real effective exchange rate over 1985:01-1994:07. The results show unidirectional causality from exchange rates to stock prices in all the sample countries, except the Philippines. This finding has policy implications; it suggests that respective governments should be cautious in their implementation of exchange rate policies, given that such policies have ramifications on their stock markets.
Analogous viscosity equations of granular powders based on Eyring's rate process theory and free volume concept (2015)

Granular powders can be successfully treated with kinetic theory and statistical mechanics, though the granular powders are athermal systems and the conventional environmental temperature is too weak to drive particles to move.
CDMA dynamic downlink power control (2002)

In current IS-95 systems, forward link power control is far less powerful than reverse link power control and in some cases, it results in the downlink capacity being more limited than the reverse link. This paper analyzes different algorithms and provides insight into the dynamics of downlink power control. An improved forward link power control approach based on the current one bit per frame feedback is suggested. This algorithm consists of three parts. First, the current mobile frame error rate is estimated based on the history of mobile feedbacks. The next two parts are linearization and a linear system controller. Simulation shows that, compared to a bang-bang control scheme, this algorithm can achieve the same frame error rate for a stationary channel with lower mean power. It also has good transient response for time varying channels. It can provide a good tradeoff between the steady state performance and dynamic response. Thus, the paper presents an algorithm to improve the current IS-95 forward link power control but in a more general sense, it presents a systematic approach to the designing of a power control unit.
Computing the entire active area/power consumption versus delay tradeoff curve for gate sizing with a piecewise linear simulator (1996)

The gate sizing problem is the problem of finding load drive capabilities for all gates in a given Boolean network such, that a given delay limit is kept, and the necessary cost in terms of active area usage and/or power consumption is minimal. This paper describes a way to obtain the entire cost versus delay tradeoff curve of a combinational logic circuit in an efficient way. Every point on the resulting curve is the global optimum of the corresponding gate sizing problem. The problem is solved by mapping it onto piecewise linear models in such a way, that a piecewise linear (circuit) simulator can do the job. It is shown that this setup is very efficient, and can produce tradeoff curves for large circuits (thousands of gates) in a few minutes. Benchmark results for the entire set of MCNC '91 two-level examples are given.
Glycosylated ovine prolactin. (1984)

A modification of prolactin, in which the asparagine at position 31 carries a carbohydrate unit, was isolated from ovine pituitary glands. Sequence and amino acid analyses identified the point of linkage of the carbohydrate. Glucosamine was found in acid hydrolysates, an indication that the carbohydrate is attached through N-acetylglucosamine. The glycosylated prolactin binds to concanavalin A and lentil lectin and is eluted with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. During gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, the glycosylated hormone migrates as a Mr 25,000 protein; prolactin has a Mr of 23,000. The modified prolactin had a potency of 20 international units/mg, approximately equal to 60% the potency of a reference prolactin preparation when measured by the pigeon crop sac assay. In a radioimmunoassay, the glycosylated form had only 34% the immunoreactivity of ovine prolactin.
In the Classroom: Freedom and Responsibility: Existentialism, Gifted Students, and Philosophy (2001)

Rules are everywhere. “Do this.” “Don't do that.” Gifted students—indeed, all students—are surrounded by and coexist with a plethora of rules. Their lives in school are, in large measure, defined by rules. Most gifted students choose to obey these rules, but why? To avoid punishment? To curry favor with teachers? To pursue their best interests?
The Preparation of Amino-<i>s</i>-triazines with Amino- or Nitrophenyl Groups (1971)

Abstract Amino-s-triazines with nitro groups were prepared by the reaction of biguanide derivatives with appropriate carboxylic acid derivatives (acyl chloride, anhydride, or ester) or by reaction between dicyanodiamide derivatives and nitrile. Amino-s-triazines with aminophenyl groups were prepared by the reduction of the corresponding nitro-compounds. Acylamino-s-triazines have been found to be formed when an excess of acyl chloride or anhydride is used.
D-arabinose metabolism in Escherichia coli B: induction and cotransductional mapping of the L-fucose-D-arabinose pathway enzymes (1988)

D-Arabinose is degraded by Escherichia coli B via some of the L-fucose pathway enzymes and a D-ribulokinase which is distinct from the L-fuculokinase of the L-fucose pathway. We found that L-fucose and D-arabinose acted as the apparent inducers of the enzymes needed for their degradation. These enzymes, including D-ribulokinase, appeared to be coordinately regulated, and mutants which constitutively synthesized the L-fucose enzymes also constitutively synthesized D-ribulokinase. In contrast to D-arabinose-positive mutants of E. coli K-12, in which L-fuculose-1-phosphate and D-ribulose-1-phosphate act as inducers of the L-fucose pathway, we found that these intermediates did not act as inducers in E. coli B. To further characterize the E. coli B system, some of the L-fucose-D-arabinose genes were mapped by using bacteriophage P1 transduction. A transposon Tn10 insertion near the E. coli B L-fucose regulon was used in two- and three-factor reciprocal crosses. The gene encoding D-ribulokinase, designated darK, was found to map within the L-fucose regulon, and the partial gene order was found to be Tn10-fucA-darK-fucI-fucK-thyA.
EL MODERNISMO REVOLUCION POETICA (1988)

AL CUMPLIRSE EL CENTENARIO DE LA PUBLICACION DE AZUL, DE RUBEN DARIO, SE ORGANIZO LA MESA REDONDA POR EL CENTRO COORDINADOR Y DIFUSOR DE ESTUDIOS LATINOAMERICANOS, EN LA QUE PARTICIPARON LOS MAESTROS HECTOR VALDES, EUGENIA REVUELTAS Y EL DOCTOR IGNACIO RUIZ, CON SUS PONENCIAS ACERCA DE LA IMPORTANCIA HISTORICA Y LITERARIA DE ESTA OBRA.
Urinary incontinence in middle aged women: childhood enuresis and other lifetime risk factors in a British prospective cohort. (1999)

Urinary incontinence is a common problem among middle aged women. This is the first prospective study of a general population sample to support the postulated link between childhood enuresis and adult incontinence. Child-bearing has long term adverse effects, particularly for older mothers. Overweight is a common risk factor.
Biostatistics series module 6: Correlation and linear regression (2016)

Correlation and linear regression are the most commonly used techniques for quantifying the association between two numeric variables. Correlation quantifies the strength of the linear relationship between paired variables, expressing this as a correlation coefficient. If both variables <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> are normally distributed, we calculate Pearson's correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>). If normality assumption is not met for one or both variables in a correlation analysis, a rank correlation coefficient, such as Spearman's rho (ρ) may be calculated. A hypothesis test of correlation tests whether the linear relationship between the two variables holds in the underlying population, in which case it returns a <i>P</i> < 0.05. A 95% confidence interval of the correlation coefficient can also be calculated for an idea of the correlation in the population. The value <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> denotes the proportion of the variability of the dependent variable <i>y</i> that can be attributed to its linear relation with the independent variable <i>x</i> and is called the coefficient of determination. Linear regression is a technique that attempts to link two correlated variables <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> in the form of a mathematical equation (<i>y</i> = <i>a</i> + <i>bx</i>), such that given the value of one variable the other may be predicted. In general, the method of least squares is applied to obtain the equation of the regression line. Correlation and linear regression analysis are based on certain assumptions pertaining to the data sets. If these assumptions are not met, misleading conclusions may be drawn. The first assumption is that of linear relationship between the two variables. A scatter plot is essential before embarking on any correlation-regression analysis to show that this is indeed the case. Outliers or clustering within data sets can distort the correlation coefficient value. Finally, it is vital to remember that though strong correlation can be a pointer toward causation, the two are not synonymous.
Computational Peptidology: A New and Promising Approach to Therapeutic Peptide Design (2013)

The recent focus on protein-protein interaction networks has increasingly been shifted towards the disruption of protein complexes, which either are mediated by the binding of a globular domain in one protein to a short peptide stretch in another, or involve flat, large, and hydrophobic interfaces that classical small-molecule agents are not always ideally suited. Rational design of therapeutic peptides with high affinity targeting such interactions has emerged as a new and promising tool in discovery of potential drug candidates against associated diseases. The design is commonly based on bioinformatics methods or molecular modeling techniques, indirectly exploiting structure-activity relationship at the level of peptide sequence or directly deriving lead entities from protein complex architecture. Here, a newly rising subfield called computational peptidology that focuses on the use of computational and theoretical approaches to treat peptide-related problems is comprehensively reviewed on the design and discovery of peptide agents targeting protein-protein interactions. We address a systematic discussion on several representative cases in which the computational peptidology is successfully employed to develop peptide therapeutics. Besides, some problems and pitfalls accompanied with the current use of computational methods in peptide modeling and design are also present.
Methioninase: a therapeutic for diseases related to altered methionine metabolism and transmethylation: cancer, heart disease, obesity, aging, and Parkinson's disease. (1997)

Methionine metabolism and transmethylation are central to the metabolism and differentiation of all known cells. In enkaryotic organisms, methionine metabolism and transmethylation are of paramount importance in modification and regulation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The differential methylation of genes regulates their expression in the myriad of cells in eukaryotic organisms. Disruption and abnormalities in methionine metabolism and transmethylation seems to be associated with the major diseases of mankind, including cancer, heart disease, aging, obesity, and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we describe how aberrant and abnormal methionine metabolism and transmethylation are related to these major diseases. Most importantly, we review and hypothesize how the developing therapeutic recombination methioninase (rMETase) can be utilized to cure or prevent all of these diseases.
[Endoscopic dissection of perforating veins]. (1988)

The eradication of incompetent perforating veins in combination with fasciotomy is an effective way of treating advanced postphlebitic leg ulcers. Our newly developed endoscopic instrument can be used with both techniques. First the superficial fasciae of the leg are split, and then the perforating veins at different levels are located, injected with anticoagulant and severed. Preliminary clinical studies have reported very encouraging results: leg ulcers healed in all cases and the venous function was improved.
Structural domains of clathrin heavy chains. (1984)

We used a combination of electron microscopy and proteolytic dissection to study the substructure of the clathrin trimer. The fragments of a heavy chain generated by limited proteolysis of cages were examined by rotary shadowing after disassembly. Correlation of lengths and molecular weights allowed us to map certain cleavage points along an arm and to assign them to positions in a model for a cage. We found that a particularly stable fragment of 52,000-59,000 Mr (depending on the enzyme) corresponded to the knob-like terminal domain at the tip of each arm.
Ganglioside-modulated protein phosphorylation. Partial purification and characterization of a ganglioside-inhibited protein kinase in brain. (1988)

A novel protein kinase which could be inhibited specifically by gangliosides has been partially purified from the particulate fraction of guinea pig brain through extraction with nonionic detergent, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and gel filtration.The ganglioside-inhibited kinase activity was eluted with a Stokes radius of 29-30 A, corresponding to a globular protein of approximately 40,000 in molecular weight.Only gangliosides, especially polysialogangliosides, are potent inhibitors for this enzyme preparation.The modulatory action of the glycolipids on the kinase activity is not time-dependent, indicating that the mode of inhibition may not be mediated through a ganglioside-dependent proteolytic process.Calcium was not required for the inhibitory effects of the various gangliosides tested, suggesting that prior formation of Caa+.ganglioside complexes are not necessary.The partially purified ganglioside-inhibited protein kinase can phosphorylate exogenous substrates such as a synthetic peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly.The optimal pH for this reaction occurred between 7.0 and 7.4.M e + (6-10 mM) is required for the enzymic activity and cannot be substituted by Mn2+.Although the nature of the authentic substrates for this ganglioside-inhibited protein kinase is yet unknown, a search for other potential substrates revealed that the synthetic peptide Arg-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ser-Gly-Pro-Pro-Val was the best phosphate acceptor tested so far.Other substrate specificity studies also showed that the ganglioside-inhibited protein kinase is distinct from either the ganglioside-stimulated protein kinase or protein kinase C. Thus, it is possible that gangliosides can act as bio-modulators which may confer a synchronistic action on these three different protein kinase systems.Gangliosides, a class of sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids ubiquitous in eukaryotes, are found in particularly high concentrations in the central nervous system (see Refs. 1-5 for review).In neuronal plasma membranes, gangliosides comprise approximately 10% of the total lipids and two-thirds of the glycoconjugate sialic acid contents (6).These glycolipids also are found in myelin (7-9).Because of their unique and asymmetric distribution in the nervous system, gangliosides have been suggested to play important roles in neuronal functions such as modulation of synaptic transmission, ion permeability and fluxes, neuritogenesis, and the development
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Encryption for Kerberos 5 (2005)

NIST) has chosen a new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which is significantly faster and (it is believed) more secure than the old Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. This document is a specification for the addition of this algorithm to the Kerberos cryptosystem suite.
ANIMAL MODELS OF EMPHYSEMA AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO STUDIES OF PARTICLE-INDUCED DISEASE (2000)

Emphysema is a pulmonary disease that may be exacerbated by inhaled particles. Over the years, many animal models of emphysema have been developed that may be useful in studying the effects of inhaled particles on humans with emphysema. Models have been described in many species, and many approaches have been described for inducing emphysema. Emphysema in humans is a parenchymal component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frequently coexists in a complex with disease of the airways such as bronchitis. Animal models of emphysema usually recapitulate only one or a few aspects of this complex disease. Thus, the emphysema model must be selected carefully in order to answer specific questions about the interactive effects of particles and emphysema.
Single-Crystal Ferroxdure, BaFe12−2<i>x</i>3+Ir<i>x</i>4+Zn<i>x</i> 2+O19, with Strong Planar Anisotropy (1963)

Ir4+, substituted in ferroxdure (BaFe12O19), has been observed to couple ferrimagnetically. Replacement of Fe3+ by Ir4+Zn2+, according to the formula BaFe12−2x3+Irx4+Znx 2+O19, reduces the intrinsic axial anisotropy. The room temperature anisotropy becomes planar at x=0.3–0.4 and increases to 22 000 Oe at x=0.6. Magnetization and Curie temperature are decreased by the substitution of Ir4+Zn2+; ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth is increased. The nonaxial anisotropy is believed to derive from spin-orbital coupling of Ir4+. Single crystals up to ¼ in. across were grown from a Bi2O3 flux in platinum crucibles. Specimens are hexagonal tabular, black, lustrous, and well-developed. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction patterns showed that a0 increases with increasing Ir4+Zn2+ substitution while c0 remains unchanged.
Roles for the phosphatidylinositol cycle in early development (1988)

Founded on the seminal studies and writings of Hokin, Michell and Berridge, a vast body of data now exists documenting the central importance of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) cycle activation in transducing information of many types across the plasma membrane. The great majority of these data derive from studies of terminally differentiated somatic cells. Nevertheless, the fact that many crucial events in animal development also involve transduction of information across the plasma membrane has recently led developmental biologists to search for regulatory roles for PtdIns cycle activity in such developmental processes as oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryogenesis, with encouraging results. In this paper I briefly review the progress of such studies, beginning with the event in which the PtdIns cycle's role is best understood (fertilization), then progressing both backwards and forwards in developmental time to explore more speculative roles for the PtdIns cycle in oocyte maturation and pattern formation during embryogenesis.
A review of confined vortex flows (1971)

Modes for using vortices for fluid dynamic containment of gaseous core nuclear reactor, bibliography
Separation and first structure elucidation of Cremophor® EL-components by hyphenated capillary electrophoresis and delayed extraction-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (2002)

The polyethoxylated heterogeneous components of the so far poorly characterized nonionic emulsifier Cremophor EL (polyoxyl 35 castor oil) (CrEL) were fractionated by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MEKC). Due to the low UV absorbance of most of the CrEL-components an indirect UV detection was used with phenobarbital-sodium as background absorber. For a precise assignment of the resulting peaks to the corresponding components capillary electrophoresis (CE) had to be combined with delayed extraction-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (DE-MALDI-TOF-MS) as detection system. For this purpose, the fractionating robot Probot was employed which enables both the on-line fractionation of the CE eluate on a MALDI target during the electrophoretic separation and the simultaneous dosage of the MALDI matrix solution. The applied CrEL amount was optimized by varying the CE injection parameters time, pressure and concentration of the sample in order to obtain homologue peak series of sufficient intensity without decreasing the separation efficiency. Evaluation of the mass spectra was performed by comparing the residue masses of the homologue peak series with the calculated residue masses of potential CrEL-components. However, the high number of polyethoxylated components leads to overlapping of homologue peak series with isobaric residue masses. These isobaric interferences were detected by a high mass accuracy of the measurements (obtained by internal calibration with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and by means of the residue mass plot, the newly developed evaluation method. The combination of these techniques allowed the first detailed structure analysis of the CrEL-components showing glycerol polyoxyethylene (POE) monoricinoleate and POE monoricinoleate to be the two main components of the emulsifier. Furthermore, the coupling of CE with DE-MALDI-TOF-MS is generally applicable to the fractionation and identification of polymers.
Resistance (2018)

Resistance in anthropology refers to efforts by individuals and groups to protest, oppose, or undermine a system of power or a class of people that is imposing on or oppressing them in some way. From the late nineteenth to the mid‐twentieth century, social analyses were dominated by models of structure and stasis, and conflicts and inequalities in society were rarely addressed. Since the mid‐1980s, however, conflict became a central focus of social analysis and studies of resistance have proliferated with anthropologists and other social scientists first looking at resistance to power in terms of revolts and revolution and later turning to more everyday and mundane forms of resistance. Anthropologists have shown how acts of resistance can improve the conditions of people's lives but can also inadvertently reinforce hegemony or result in the emergence of new forms of repression.
SDW MOSFET static memory cell (1981)

The single device well (SDW) memory cell, including an access transistor, uses only two SDW MOSFETs, versus four-to-six transistors in conventional static memory cells and thus a great saving in silicon area results. Cell static and dynamic performance are discussed and simulated using an appropriate model implemented in the computer-aided circuit analysis program WATAND. The access time of the new cell is comparable to that of conventional MOSFET cells. Using 3 /spl mu/m technology, an SDW memory cell consumes an area of 600 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ and has an average power consumption of 10 /spl mu/W at 5 V supply. Another version of the cell using a polyresistor is also discussed.
Work hardening in ionic crystals (1970)

Abstract The work-hardening characteristics of two ionic materials with different structures and slip systems, CaF2 and NaCl, are studied and compared. It is found that the work hardening is similar in both, and athermal in origin. Stage I work hardening is due to interactions with blocking obstacles and forest dislocations, and the bowing out at the sessile jogs formed by multiple cross glide. The latter is the principal contribution except at low strain-rates or high temperatures. Stage II work hardening is due to interactions with blocking obstacles, forest dislocations and the debris formed on planes inclined to the principal slip planes. An important contribution is provided by one or both of the last two.