gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Contrast in Initial and Present Application of the Term, "Connate Water" (1956)

For several years it has been noted that the use of the adjective "connate" as applied to buried waters has become increasingly confusing. Recently published articles and discussions on core analyses have made no progress toward clarification of the terminology of pore water. Rather, it would appear that the situation has deteriorated to the extent that very few engineers have a clear idea concerning the conditions implied by "connate" in description of the water of oil formations. The existing varied usage is best illustrated by the opinions received from a number of engineers. These men are all reservoir or petroleum engineers, excepting one who is a mechanical engineering graduate serving as field area engineer. The following definitions of "connate" water were obtained orally, no time being allowed for reference or discussion.Irreducible minimum water, by any method of obtaining restored state.Interstitial water in the formation, with oil, before wells are drilled.Interstitial water in pores of formation. normally immovable.Interstitial water - will not move.Irreducible water of saturation, sometimes producible.Interstitial water in formation, not necessarily with oil.Water in formations which is immobile.Original water in place.Water which fills finer pores, with oil and above oil-water contact.The per cent of water saturation in an oil reservoir which exists before wells are drilled.Water remaining in the rocks after partial displacement by oil or gas.Water existing in formations before wells are drilled. Some is mobile, some is not. The absence of agreement in the above definitions is remarkable. Let us now examine briefly the original conception of the term "connate water" and the vicissitudes to which it has been subjected in the last two decades of its 50-year history. The word "connate" is of Latin origin and antedated considerably its application to subsurface waters. The initial use of "connate water," occurring in 1906 and being firmly established in succeeding publications prior to 1930, caused it to appear in dictionaries long before engineers became aware of core analyses and their interpretation. Webster's New International Dictionary still carries the unchanged definition: "Connate water. Geol. Sea water held in the interstices of sedimentary deposits and sealed in by the deposition of overlying beds."
A mobility load balancing optimization method for hybrid architecture in self-organizing network (2011)

Self-organizing networks (SON) for cellular systems is a key technology to reduce the cost of network deployment and maintenances. Mobility load balancing (MLB) is one of most important use cases of SON and has been extensively studied in The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) working groups. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of MLB which is implemented in hybrid architecture environment with the assistance by Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM) entity. It considers not only the source cell load status, but also the neighbor cells as a whole to make choice of target cell selection. The proposed algorithm can eliminate Ping-pang effect and guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of network. We built a system level simulation platform for the MLB based on the long term evolution (LTE) specification, and the simulation results show that the system throughput is improved and user experience is enhanced by the proposed MLB algorithm.
Integrated Optical Unit Design for the Collinear Holographic Storage System (2007)

The optical configuration proposed by Optware Corporation has the features of recording the holographic versatile disk (HVD) and backwardly retrieving CD and DVD. This paper presents a novel design that applies the technology of integrated optical unit to the HVD system. This unit comprises a holographic optical element for splitting light and generating servo signal. A transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) with central data part and outer-ring reference part is adopted for modulating the laser beams. A new outer-ring polarizer is accompanied with the SLM. Two lasers, one with 532 nm for the HVD and the other with 650 nm for the CD/DVD, are included in the unit. Analysis for the system was performed. Simulation results show the feasibility for implementing an integrated collinear holographic system with miniaturized size
Peter Hart. The IRA at War, 1916–1923. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. 290. $39.95 (cloth). (2005)

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Determining Frying Oil Degradation by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Using Chemometric Techniques (2012)

Abstract A rapid method for the determination of some important physicochemical properties in frying oils has been developed. Partial least square regression (PLS) calibration models were applied to the physicochemical parameters and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) spectral data. PLS regression was used to find the NIR region and the data pre‐processing method that give the best prediction of the chemical parameters. Calibration and validation were appropriated by leave one out cross validation and test set validation techniques for predicting free fatty acids (FFA), total polar materials (cTPM; measured by chromatographic method and iTPM measured by an instrumental method), viscosity and smoke point of the frying oil samples. For PLS models using the cross validation techniques, the best correlations ( r ) between NIR predicted data and the standard method data for iTPM in oils were 93.79 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values were 5.53. For PLS models using the test set validation techniques, the best correlations ( r ) between NIR predicted data and standard method data for FFA, cTPM, viscosity and smoke point in oils were 92.58, 94.61, 81.95 and 84.07 and RMSEP values were 0.121, 3.96, 22.30 and 8.74, respectively. In conclusion, NIR technique with chemometric analysis was found very effective in predicting frying oil quality changes.
A Theoretical Analysis of Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) Ranking Measures (2013)

A central problem in ranking is to design a measure for evaluation of ranking functions. In this paper we study, from a theoretical perspective, the Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) which is a family of ranking measures widely used in practice. Although there are extensive empirical studies of NDCG, little is known about its theoretical prop-erties. We rst show that, whatever the ranking function is, the standard NDCG which adopts a logarithmic discount, converges to 1 as the number of items to rank goes to innity. On the rst sight, this result seems to imply that the standard NDCG cannot dierentiate good and bad ranking functions on large datasets, contradicting to its empirical success in many applications. In order to have a deeper understanding of the general NDCG rank-ing measures, we propose a notion referred to as consistent distinguishability. This notion captures the intuition that a ranking measure should have such a property: For every pair of substantially dierent ranking functions, the ranking measure can decide which one is better in a consistent manner on almost all datasets. We show that the standard NDCG has consistent distinguishability although it converges to the same limit for all ranking
Chongqing (2013)

Chongqing is a province-level municipality of the PRC. A major city in Southwest China, its provincial status was approved at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 14, 1997, succeeding its status as a sub-provincial administration of Sichuan Province. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four provincial-level municipalities (the other three are Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin).KeywordsSichuan BasinDevelopment ZoneDemolition WasteLogistics CenterTechnological Development ZoneThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (2001)

The association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and asthma has been established for more than 30 yr. However, the question of causality remains unanswered: Does severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) cause long-term pulmonary morbidity or do factors that predispose a child to wheeze later in life also predispose the child to severe RSV LRTI? In several human studies (1–4), obstructive airway disease appears to occur up to 10 yr after an initial RSV infection. The Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study showed an effect at 10 yr (5) but not by 13 yr (6). Hall and coworkers prospectively monitored 29 children who were hospitalized during infancy for RSV LRTI for 8 yr (7). Six children continued to have lower respiratory tract disease and six (21%) had persistently low oxyhemoglobin levels (Sa O2 ) at follow-up. Sigurs and colleagues found that children who had experienced RSV LRTI were more likely to have asthma and recurrent wheeze for 7 yr (4). Weber and colleagues (8) determined in Gambia that RSV LRTI predisposed children to recurrent wheeze, but only for 2 yr; after 3 yr, there was no significant difference between RSV-infected children and control children with respect to wheezing episodes. Many of the patients in the Tucson study had only RSV upper respiratory tract infections and none were hospitalized (5, 6). Patients in the study by Sigurs and coworkers (4), Hall and colleagues (7), and those in the Gambia study (8) had severe RSV disease. The reason for the observed varying degree and length of long-term sequelae may lie in the differing degrees of severity of illness studied (mild versus severe), or differences in location (developed versus developing countries), or ecological differences in sensitizing allergens (desert versus temperate versus tropical), or other undetermined factors. It remains to be determined whether severe RSV LRTI causes the pulmonary sequelae observed in longitudinal studies (i.e., a causeand-effect relationship) or whether inherent genetic or structural abnormalities that predispose a child to wheeze later in life also predispose the child to severe RSV LRTI. If causality exists, reducing severe RSV LRTI would reduce subsequent wheezing; if causality does not exist, reducing severe RSV LRTI would have no effect on subsequent wheezing. This is, therefore, a key clinical issue, which has been addressed in three sets of studies: antiviral therapy for RSV LRTI, antiinflammatory therapy for RSV LRTI, and prevention of RSV LRTI.
The Development of FTA Rules of Origin Functions (2010)

The rules of origin derived from the international trade needs of country trade statistics. When a government determined the supply and demand sources of imports and exports, they needed to clear the meaning of origin. For a large trade country, its customs levels differed from the country. So when imported the goods, the first was to discern the source of goods, then can accurately provide the appropriate treatment of the goods. It’s also the need to balance international trade. From this, the rules of origin initially were the technical aspects of international trade. With the development of liberalization of international trade and the tariff levels gradually reduced between countries, the use of non-tariff barriers was limited. Rules of origin’s impact on trade structure and resource allocation became more and more prominent, which had evolved into a hidden trade protection tool. With the deepening of international economic exchange, the application of rules of origin had expanded from the original customs technical problems to the country quotas, anti-dumping and many other fields. Also, it had become a powerful policy tool for implementing the trade protection, to some extent it had evolved into the discriminatory non-tariff barriers.
FROM FORMULATION VARIABLES TO DRUG ENTRAPMENT EFFICIENCY OF MICROSPHERES: A TECHNICAL REVIEW (2012)

Purpose of writing this review on microspheres was to compile the recent literature with special focus on formulation variables which affect the drug entrapment efficiency of microspheres. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs.Â Microencapsulation is used to modify and delayed drug release form pharmaceutical dosage forms. For success of microspheres as drug delivery system its necessary to obtained desired particle size, maximum drug entrapment, mucoadhesion, swelling index and drug release. This can be obtained by optimizing the formulation as well as process variables but before designing the microspheres formulation deep understanding the effect of various variables on characteristics of microspheres is necessary. The intent of the paper is to highlight the reported study on various formulation variables those are might be useful to encountered several problems which is reason for low drug entrapment efficiency
Zero-steering antenna system for receiving a signal close to the direction of strong interference (1973)

The suppression of a large interfering signal received with a small wanted signal can be achieved by automatically steering a directional-response zero towards the interference direction. A simple method for controlling the zero position is considered, and the system performance is estimated for two possible modes of operation.
Thiazolidone Derivatives (1981)

Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004 <em>Manuscript received 16 April 1981, accepted 6 November 1981</em> Several thiazolidone derivatives have been prepared either by the cycloaddition of thioglycollic acid with different Schiff bases or by direct condensation of aryl or thiazoleamine, aldehyde and thioglycollic acid. Their arylidene derivatives have been prepared by condensation with different aldehydes. Structure elucidation of the thiazolidones has been made on the basis of their elemental analysis, ir and mass spectra. The principal fragmentations in the mass spectra have been discussed. The fungicidal screening data of the compounds are also presented.
Why the general dentist needs to know how to manage oral lichen planus. (2016)

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a frequently mismanaged chronic disease that requires care throughout a patient's life, and therefore a condition the general dentist must know how to manage. Patients with OLP often suffer considerable physical discomfort and an inability to perform proper oral hygiene, eventually resulting in poor periodontal health. In addition, these patients are confronted with the psychological stress of knowing that OLP is not curable. This is accompanied by a fear of other negative health developments, particularly oral cancer. The objective of this study was to identify major issues surrounding the management of OLP by the general dentist. A literature review of over 1100 articles was performed. An eclectic compilation of the issues revealed 12 major areas of concern. This article reviews those concerns and presents strategies for coping with the myriad signs, symptoms, and complications associated with this disease, as well as educational approaches and legal considerations. A rationale is provided to place the responsibility for the management of these patients under the person best positioned to coordinate care for this condition--the general dentist. A general dentist can contribute to the overall oral health of an OLP patient with timely diagnosis, effective treatment, thorough patient education, and the orchestration of efforts by a team of health care providers.
Fibers from blends of PET and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (1993)

Abstract Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐Co‐p‐oxybenzoate), PET/PHB, with poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, have been studied in the form of as‐spun and drawn fibers. DSC melting and crystallization results show that the PET is compatible with LCP and the crystallization of PET decreases by the addition of LCP in the matrix. Upon heating above the crystal melting temperature of PET, the blend shows good dispersion of LCP in the PET matrix. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction of drawn blended fibers show the possible formation of LCP oriented domains. The mechanical properties of drawn fiber up to 10 wt% LCP composition exhibit significant improvement in tensile modulus and tensile strength with values of 17.7 GPa and 1.0 GPa, respectively. Values of modulus are compared with prediction from composite theory, assuming the blend system as nematic domains of LCP. dispersed in PET matrix.
The application of activity based management to a software engineering environment (2002)

This paper describes a method that supports the use of budgets based on activities and the integration of measurable continuous improvement in the formulation of software development plans. The application of this method fosters the clear definition and documentation of the software development process, outputs, costs and process controls. These definitions enable the evaluation of performance in real-time for quality and cost of outputs, timely deliveries and activity effectiveness instead of waiting for financial results months later. The proper application of this method will result in more accurate estimates processed in days instead of weeks, identification and elimination of non-value added activities, closer correlation between estimates and actual performance and optimum utilization of resources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal selection of secondary indexes (1990)

When planning a database, the problem of index selection is of particular interest. The authors examine a transaction model that includes queries, updates, insertions, and deletions, and they define a function that calculates the transaction's total cost when an index set is used. Their aim is to minimize the function cost in order to identify the optimal set. The algorithms proposed in other studies require an exponential time in the number of attributes in order to solve the problem. The authors propose a heuristic algorithm based on some properties of the cost function that produces an almost optimal set in polynomial time. In many cases, the cost function properties make it possible to prove that the solution obtained is the optimal one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Is a Novel Regulator of High Glucose- and High Insulin-induced Extracellular Matrix Protein Synthesis in Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2008)

High glucose (30 mM) and high insulin (1 nM), pathogenic factors of type 2 diabetes, increased mRNA expression and synthesis of lamininbeta1 and fibronectin after 24 h of incubation in kidney proximal tubular epithelial (MCT) cells. We tested the hypothesis that inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) by high glucose and high insulin induces increase in synthesis of laminin beta1 via activation of eIF2Bepsilon. Both high glucose and high insulin induced Ser-9 phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3beta at 2 h that lasted for up to 48 h. This was associated with dephosphorylation of eIF2Bepsilon and eEF2, and increase in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and eIF4E. Expression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK3beta or constitutively active kinase led to increased and diminished laminin beta1 synthesis, respectively. Incubation with selective kinase inhibitors showed that high glucose- and high insulin-induced laminin beta1 synthesis and phosphorylation of GSK3beta were dependent on PI 3-kinase, Erk, and mTOR. High glucose and high insulin augmented activation of Akt, Erk, and p70S6 kinase. Dominant negative Akt, but not dominant negative p70S6 kinase, inhibited GSK3beta phosphorylation induced by high glucose and high insulin, suggesting Akt but not p70S6 kinase was upstream of GSK3beta. Status of GSK3beta was examined in vivo in renal cortex of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes at 2 weeks and 2 months of diabetes. Diabetic mice showed increased phosphorylation of renal cortical GSK3beta and decreased phosphorylation of eIF2Bepsilon, which correlated with renal hypertrophy at 2 weeks, and increased laminin beta1 and fibronectin protein content at 2 months. GSK3beta and eIF2Bepsilon play a role in augmented protein synthesis associated with high glucose- and high insulin-stimulated hypertrophy and matrix accumulation in renal disease in type 2 diabetes.
The Taxonomy of <i>Diaporthe Cubensis</i> (1980)

SUMMARYThe taxonomy of Diaporthe cubensis, causal agent of a canker disease of Eucalyptus spp., is discussed in relation to its conspecificity with Endothia havanensis and correct generic affinity. It was concluded that the fungus should be transferred to Cryphonectria.
[Quantitative study of catecholamines in normal human dental pulp]. (1998)

The purpose of this report was to study quantitatively the levels of catecholamines in human dental pulp by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 10 healthy teeth were selected from the extractions due to orthodontic reasons. The pulp of the teeth were obtained immediately after the extraction and samples were analyzed by means of HPLC for levels of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. The result showed that the concentration of norepinephrine in human dental pulp was 23.47 +/- 0.52 micrograms/g pulp tissue and dopamine was 19.17 +/- 1.03 micrograms/g pulp tissue.
High-Reliability Ta[sub 2]O[sub 5] Metal–Insulator–Metal Capacitors with Cu-Based Electrodes (2006)

The properties of tantalum oxide metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors with bottom electrodes were investigated. An ultrathin Al film successfully suppresses oxygen diffusion in the MIM capacitor with the Cu-based electrode. The electrical characteristics and reliability of MIM capacitors are improved by addition of ultrathin Al films. MIM capacitors have low leakage current density ( at ) and high breakdown field ( at ). The decrease in leakage current is attributed to the formation of a dense and uniform layer, which has self-protection property and stops further oxygen diffusion into the tantalum contact. The dominant conduction mechanism of leakage current is the Poole–Frenkel effect at electric fields above .
Three dimensional measurement of rhinoplasty results. (2009)

Both pronounced as well as subtle postoperative changes of rhinoplasty surgery can be objectified and measured with stereophotogrammetry. This tool can be used to study whether surgical techniques have the desired effect on the nose, and to compare different techniques with each other.
Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei-enriched Artichokes on Constipated Patients (2010)

These preliminary data suggest that novel approaches for treating constipation can come through ingestion of probiotic vegetable products that, acting as symbiotics, can ameliorate this common disorder.