gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bisphosphonates: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Effects on Bone Cells, Monocytes and Macrophages (2010)

Bisphosphonates are widely used in the treatment of diseases involving excessive bone resorption, such as osteoporosis, cancer-associated bone disease, and Paget's disease of bone. They target to the skeleton due to their calcium-chelating properties, where they primarily act by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The simple bisphosphonates, clodronate, etidronate and tiludronate, are intracellularly metabolised to cytotoxic ATP analogues, while the more potent, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates act by inhibiting the enzyme FPP synthase, thereby preventing the prenylation of small GTPases that are necessary for the normal function and survival of osteoclasts. In recent years, these concepts have been refined, with an increased understanding of the exact mode of inhibition of FPP synthase and the consequences of inhibiting this enzyme. Recent studies further suggest that the R2 side chain, as well as determining the potency for inhibiting the target enzyme FPP synthase, also influences bone mineral binding, which may influence distribution within bone and duration of action. While bisphosphonates primarily affect the function of resorbing osteoclasts, it is becoming increasingly clear that bisphosphonates may also target the osteocyte network and prevent osteocyte apoptosis, which could contribute to their anti-fracture effects. Furthermore, increasing evidence implicates monocytes and macrophages as direct targets of bisphosphonate action, which may explain the acute phase response and the anti-tumour activity in certain animal models. Bone mineral affinity is likely to influence the extent of any such effects of these agents on non-osteoclast cells. While alternative anti-resorptive therapeutics are becoming available for clinical use, bisphosphonates currently remain the principle drugs used to treat excessive bone resorption.
Parametric acoustic receiving array. II. Experiment (1975)

A series of experiments was conducted with a 48-ft parametric receiving array with a pump frequency of 90 kHz. In the experiments, an omnidirectional transducer was used with either a rectangular piston transducer or a square piston transducer. Each transducer could be used as either the pump transducer or the receiver so that a variety of parametric receiving array configurations could be realized. A small rotator was used to allow independent rotation of the piston transducer for measurement of the effects of misalignment of the piston transducer. Theoretical and experimental results are compared for the parametric receiving array with several transducer arrangements. With either the pump transducer or the receiver misaligned, the difference frequency beam pattern is an asymmetrical beam pattern and is the mirror image of the sum frequency beam pattern. The agreement between the theory and the experiment was excellent.
ChemInform Abstract: Grignard Reaction and Products. Part 6. The Reaction of Grignard Reagents with 2‐Phenoxy‐ and 2‐Benzyloxy‐cyclohexanone Oximes. (1976)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des anti‐Oxims (I) mit Arylmagnesiumhalogeniden und anderen Grignard‐Reagentien wird untersucht.
Structural Studies of Nontronites with Different Iron Contents by <sup>57</sup> Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1985)

Abstract The 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra of a series of untreated and Ca-saturated nontronites showed a predominant Fe 3+ resonance which was computer-fitted with two Fe 3+ doublets defining iron in non-equivalent cis-FeO 4 (OH) 2 octahedral sites. In most spectra a doublet indicating tetrahedral Fe 3+ was fitted and in one untreated sample a doublet indicating interlayer Fe 3+ was identified. In a further untreated sample the interlayer iron was present as Fe 2+ . Upon Ca-saturation the interlayer iron was displaced. It also appears that the interlayer iron was present in at least two different interlayer sites. From the computer-fitted data it was clear that the interlayer cations have a significant effect on the Mössbauer resonances of iron in the two non-equivalent cis-octahedral and the tetrahedral sites of nontronite.
Multi-color IRFPAs made from HgCdTe grown by MOVPE (2007)

The drive towards improved target recognition has led to an increasing interest in detection in more than one infrared band. This paper describes the design, fabrication and performance of two-colour and three-colour infrared detectors made from HgCdTe grown by Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). The detectors are staring, focal plane arrays consisting of HgCdTe mesa-diode arrays bump bonded to silicon read-out integrated circuits (ROICs). Each mesa diode has one connection to the ROIC and the colours are selected by varying the applied bias. Results will be presented for both two-colour and three-colour devices. In a two-colour n-p-n design the cut-off wavelengths are defined by the compositions of the two n-type absorbers and the doping and composition of the p-type layer are chosen to prevent transistor action. The bias polarity is used to switch the output between colours. This design has been used to make MW/LW detectors with a MW band covering 3 to 5 μm and a LW band covering 5 to 10 μm. In a three-colour n-p-n design the cut-off wavelengths are defined by the compositions of the two n-type absorbers and the p-type absorber, which has an intermediate cut-off wavelength. The absorbers are separated from each other by electronic barriers consisting of wide band-gap material. At low applied bias these barriers prevent photo-electrons generated in the p-type absorber from escaping and the device then gives an output from one of the n-type absorbers. At high applied bias the electronic barrier is pulled down and the device gives an output from both the p-type absorber and one of the n-type absorbers. Thus by varying the polarity and magnitude of the bias it is possible to obtain three-colours from a two-terminal device. This design has been used to make a SW/MW/MW detector with cut-off wavelengths of approximately 3, 4 and 6 μm.
[Assessment of superficial contamination of bovine and ovine carcasses from the municipal slaughterhouse of Constantine in Algeria]. (2005)

The neck, shoulder, flank, and thigh of 36 bovine and 30 ovine carcasses were swabbed for bacteriological analyses. The greatest microbial load was found on the neck. The site averages for the flora analyzed indicated that the levels of contamination were greater than those in similar studies in France, Morocco, and Tunisia.
Differences of contact photosensitivity responses to tetrachlorosalicylanilide among BALB/c, mast cell-deficient W/Wv and their normal littermate +/+ mice. (1991)

Time course of ear swellings induced in BALB/c mice with contact photosensitivity (CPS) of tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) exhibited a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Repeated challenges by the painting of TCSA and UVA irradiation on ears once a week brought about the enhancement of the early CPS response immediately after elicitation. CPS response was not induced in the mast cell-deficient mouse (W/Wv) by the standard protocol and painting in its normal littermates (+/+). However, the second challenge performed 1 week after the first challenge brought about the delayed type-like CPS response of ear swelling in both mouse strains. The early responses were enhanced stepwise by the third and fourth challenge in the normal +/+ mouse but not in the mast cell-deficient W/Wv mouse. Histological examination revealed that mast cells were not found in the any sections of ears of W/Wv mouse, whereas many mast cells were found at early stage after elicitation in the BALB/c and +/+ mice challenged 4 times. These results suggest that early responses induced by the repeated challenge in BALB/c and +/+ but not in W/Wv mice may be an immediate-type hypersensitivity.
Anarchism and the American Counter-Culture (1970)

NINE YEARS AGO GEORGE WOOD SURVEYED THE ‘GHOST OF THE historical anarchist movement’ and concluded that there was ‘no reasonable likelihood of a renaissance’. History showed that ‘the movements which fail to take the chances it offers them are never born again’. Seven years later, when identifiably anarchist tendencies re-emerged in the youth movements in England and Holland, Woodcock wondered ‘whether I had been rash in so officiously burying the historic anarchist movement’. He decided. that he had not been rash because of the differences between the new anarchists and the old. The new anarchists represented no ‘knock in the coffin’ but ‘a new manifestation of the [anarchist] idea’. Woodcock described the new anarchists as ‘militant pacifists’ who had ‘forgotten Spain and had no use for the old romanticism of the dinamitero and the petroleuse ’. He pointed to the difference between the old days when one ‘joined’ an anarchist party and the current situation in which the young ‘ became ’ anarchists. Finally, Woodcock discerned no obvious signs of an anarchist revival in the United States.
Direct energization of bile acid transport into plant vacuoles. (1993)

Bile acids were shown to be transported into barley mesophyll vacuoles. Uptake of the cholate conjugates taurocholate and glycocholate is strictly ATP-dependent. Uptake of taurocholate is a saturable process (Km = 40 microM) and is inhibited by vanadate but not by bafilomycin, a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Together with the observation that the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog AMPPNP (5'-adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate) does not stimulate, but rather inhibits, the ATP-dependent uptake of taurocholate, and that a 3-fold accumulation of the bile acid is observed in the presence of bafilomycin, these results suggest that taurocholate is transported into the vacuole by a primary active process as is the case for its canalicular secretion in rat liver (Nishida, T., Gatmaitan, Z., Che, M., and Arias, I. M. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88, 6590-6594). Taurocholate uptake is inhibited by other bile acids and is slightly stimulated by glutathione S-conjugates. The different responses of the glutathione S-conjugate (Martinoia, E., Grill, E., Tommasini, R., Kreuz, K., and Amrhein, N. (1993) Nature 364, 247-249) and the taurocholate transporters, respectively, to substrates, oligomycin, GTP, and UTP suggest the presence of at least two ATPases specifically involved in the transport of conjugates across the tonoplast. As cholate and its conjugates have so far not been reported to occur in plants, the physiological function of the novel transport ATPase described here is presently unknown.
Cellar Temperature Affects <i>Brettanomyces bruxellensis</i> Population and Volatile Phenols Production in Aging Bordeaux Wines (2019)

<i>Brettanomyces bruxellensis</i> is a spoilage yeast particularly dreaded in red wines, where it produces volatile phenols with sensory properties that lead to wine spoilage. The development of this yeast often occurs during wine aging, especially during the summer. We show that in the Bordeaux region, the temperatures of some cellars rise significantly in July, August, and September. This greatly increases the growth rate of <i>B. bruxellensis</i> strains in both permissive and more unfavorable wines. Therefore, although temperature does not affect the specific formation rate of ethyl phenol, raising the wine temperature from 2 to 6°C makes volatile phenols appear both earlier and faster, regardless of the wine or the yeast strain present. Closer control of active yeast populations and closer monitoring of aging wines is thus essential in the summer, particularly in cellars with poor temperature regulation.
Lysinibacillus louembei sp. nov., a spore-forming bacterium isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, alkaline fermented leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo (2015)

Investigation of the microbial diversity of Ntoba Mbodi, an African food made from the alkaline fermentation of cassava leaves, revealed the presence of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium (NM73) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Lysinibacillus meyeri WS 4626T (98.93%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9T (96.95%) and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1T (96.94%). The DNA-DNA relatedness of the isolate with L. meyeri LMG 26643T, L. xylanilyticus DSM 23493T and L. odysseyi DSM 18869T was 41%, 16% and 15%, respectively. The internal transcribed spacer-PCR profile of the isolate was different from those of closely related bacteria. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α, L-Lys-D-Asp and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω10c. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoaminolipid, aminolipid, two phospholipids and two unknown lipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. Ribose was the only whole-cell sugar detected. The DNA G+C content was 38 mol%. Based on the results of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, it was concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name of Lysinibacillus louembei sp. nov. is proposed. NM73T ( = DSM 25583T = LMG 26837T) represents the type strain.
Research Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Investigate Psychiatric Disorders (2008)

Advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methodology and related analytic strategies allow sophisticated testing of neurobiological models of disease pathology in psychiatric disorders. An overview of principles underlying MRS, methodological considerations, and investigative approaches is presented. A review of recent research is presented that highlights innovative approaches applying MRS, in particular, hydrogen MRS, to systematically investigate specific psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, panic disorder, major depression, and bipolar disorder.
Damage of multilayered surface by micro-jet impact of liquid metal (2009)

MW-class spallation neutron sources are being developed in the world. High intensive and energy protons are injected into heavy liquid metals; mercury, lead or lead bismuth, to induce the spallation reaction that produces neutrons. At the moment the proton beams are injected, thermal shock is occurred in the liquid metal and cases pressure waves that excite rapidly the solid container wall. As a result, cavitation bubbles are formed along the interface between the liquid metal and the solid wall. The micro-jet collides against the solid wall at the bubble collapse and damages on the surface. The stainless steel with the multi-layered surface consisting of stainless steel and gold films with 100 mm in thickness was newly developed to mitigate the damage by liquid-metal microjet impact. The damage and dynamic response were compared between homogeneous and multilayered surfaces experimentally and numerically. The stress waves propagation was evaluated along the interface between layers. The dynamic deformation of multi-layered surface is dependent on the thickness of layers and the stress propagation might be dispersed by the interface of multi-layered surface. It can be said that the multi-layered surface improvement is effective to reduce the localized impact deformation.
Mapping Potential Handsheet Properties within Eucalyptus nitens Trees (2007)

Easily measured wood properties are used to estimate the spatial distribution of potential kraft handsheet properties in 29 E. nitens trees grown in New Zealand. Handsheet density is used as the primary determinant of physical properties such as tearing strength, tensile strength and stretch to break. Wood density and modulus of elasticity are examples of wood properties that control handsheet density and are relatively simple to measure in detail within trees. Whole tree maps are generated to illustrate how paper handsheet density varies within the trees at four levels of PFI refining. Such maps also indicate how papermaking potential develops with plantation age.
The Quest for the Ultimate Skin-Lightening Agent (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Dynamic Modeling of an Innovative Piezoelectric Actuator for Minimally Invasive Surgery (2000)

A small piezoelectric inchworm actuator has been designed for use with a monolithic compliant end-effect or in minimally invasive surgery procedures. A dynamic model of the inchworm actuator has been developed using SIMULINK. Utilizing the equations of motion for the inchworm actuator, the dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric stack material, and the known compliance of the gripper, a force measurement model has been developed which extracts resisting force information from the piezoelectric signal. The focus of this paper is on the development of the dynamic model and the results of a simulation study that will be used to develop optimal driving signals for the inchworm actuator. Simulation results include the predicted displacement capabilities and settling time of the inchworm actuator over a range of driving frequencies.
Most Efficient Alternative Manner of Patterning sub-80 nm Contact Holes and Trenches with 193 nm Lithography (2004)

The patterning of sub-80 nm contact holes and trenches by ArF lithography is very challenging. To solve this problem, several technologies have been proposed, including thermal flow, resolution enhancement of lithography assisted by chemical shrink (RELACS), and shrink assist film for enhanced resolution (SAFIER). In this paper, we compare these processes in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages, and to gain an understanding on their mechanism on the basis of the performances of each process. Thermal flow shows a strong advantage in terms of simplicity, but it shows several disadvantages in terms of layout dependence, mask error enhancement factor (MEEF), and process window. RELACS is proven to be the most reliable, since there is a small shrink amount dependence on layout and temperature, but the limitation of shrink amount is an obstacle. Finally, SAFIER shows strong advantages in low MEEF, wide process window, and enhanced uniformity, with a weakness of the deformation in asymmetric pattern. It is considered that such performances are strongly related to the mechanism of each process, and therefore, the process should be used according to its own performances and mechanism. On the basis of the properties and relationship with the mechanism, the appropriate applications are recommended for each process.
Surface Modification of Slide-Ring Gel by Strip-line Microwave Micro Atmospheric Plasma (2010)

A third class of polymer gel, termed a "slide-ring (topological)" gel, which is based on mobile cross-linker with a figure-of-eight structured dimer of cyclodextrin has been attracting numerous attentions; because of its remarkable physical properties such as large extensibility and mechanical strength. In this study, we applied atmospheric microplasma, based on microwave strip-line technology, to surface functionalization of a slide-ring gel to improve the surface hydrophilicity. When the gel surface was modified with microplasma in ambient air, the contact angle drastically changed into nearly 0° from the original angle of 46°. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after the treatment indicated 3.3 at.% atomic oxygen increase and 3.4 at.% atomic carbon decrease, respectively. These results suggest that the slide-ring gel surface is highly sensitive to the atmospheric microplasma and is functionalized promptly/effectively for biomimetic applications with less thermal damages even in ambient air.
Survival, differentiation, and migration of high-purity mouse embryonic stem cell-derived progenitor motor neurons in fibrin scaffolds after sub-acute spinal cord injury (2014)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can be differentiated into many neural cell types that hold great potential as cell replacement therapies following spinal cord injury (SCI). Coupling stem cell transplantation with biomaterial scaffolds can produce a unified combination therapy with several potential advantages including enhanced cell survival, greater transplant retention, reduced scarring, and improved integration at the transplant/host interface. Undesired cell types, however, are commonly present in ES-cell derived cultures due to the limited efficiency of most ES cell induction protocols. Heterogeneous cell populations can confound the interaction between the biomaterial and specific neural populations leading to undesired outcomes. In particular, biomaterials scaffolds may enhance tumor formation by promoting survival and proliferation of undifferentiated ES cells that can persist after induction. Methods for purification of specific ES cell-derived neural populations are necessary to recognize the full potential of combination therapies involving biomaterials and ES cell-derived neural populations. We previously developed a method for enriching ES cell-derived progenitor motor neurons (pMNs) induced from mouse ES cells via antibiotic selection and showed that the enriched cell populations are depleted of pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we demonstrate the survival and differentiation of enriched pMNs within three dimensional (3D) fibrin scaffolds <i>in vitro</i> and when transplanted into a sub-acute dorsal hemisection model of SCI into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Reduction of Allylic Esters with Formic Acid Catalyzed by Palladium‐MOP Complexes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Introduction (2013)

Unlike most books which combine philosophy and genetics in their titles, this is not a discussion of the ethical, legal, and social implications of science. It is a contribution to the philosophy of science, the branch of epistemology (theory of knowledge) which sets out to understand how science works. The word ‘genetics’ is construed broadly to include a wide range of molecular biosciences, and the exposition of these sciences is a backdrop to our discussion of the philosophical issues of reductionism and reductive explanation, the status of theoretical entities, and the relationship between scientific representations – models – and the targets of those representations. Genetics and molecular biology have been a powerful source of philosophical insights into these issues. Recent scientific developments in this rapidly changing area hold new lessons for philosophy of biological science.