gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Basal and GnRH-Stimulated Gonadotropin Secretion Rate in vitro by GnRH Antagonist: Differential Effects on Metestrous and Proestrous Pituitaries (1989)

LH and FSH basal secretion rates (BSR) in vitro of pituitary fragments from female rats at metestrus or following ovariectomy parallel changes seen in serum gonadotropins. These findings led us to suspect that in vitro BSR of fragments depended on prior exposure to GnRH or lingering GnRH in the culture. We compared pituitaries removed from rats in two cycle stages, proestrus (PRO) and metestrus (MET). Rats were given a single injection of a potent GnRH antagonist, Antag-WY 45760-[Ac-beta(2)-D-Nal1,4-F-D-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6]-LHRH, or oil prior to sacrifice at 09.00 h on PRO or MET. Pituitary fragments were perifused for 8 h. To test the effects of Antag in vitro some pituitaries from oil-injected rats were perifused with medium containing 1 microM Antag for the first 4 h. Starting at 5 h all chambers received hourly 10-min pulses of 1 microM GnRH. In PRO rats Antag injection in vivo lowered LH BSR to 50% and FSH to 70% of oil-treated controls. Surprisingly, Antag administered in vitro suppressed LH BSR to 30% and FSH to 55% of controls. In pituitaries from MET rats, BSR or LH and FSH were 20 and 70% of control PRO values and were unaffected by Antag treatment in vivo or in vitro. In PRO pituitaries LH and FSH responses to the first GnRH pulse were blunted by Antag in vivo but responses to subsequent pulses were unaffected; MET responses were not different from controls. In vitro Antag suppressed GnRH-stimulated release to 10-20% of controls at both cycle stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Crack closure pressures inferred from ultrasonic drill-core measurements to 8 km depth in the KTB wells (1996)

Ultrasonic P-wave traveltimes were examined in 73 directions of cylindrical core specimens, measuring 30mm in length and in diameter, at room temperature in a 400 MPa pressure vessel. The wave-velocity analysis was carried out on 66 crystalline drill cores taken at depths of between 127 and 3888 m in the KTB-VB well and on 18 drill cores taken at depths of between 4195 and 8080m in the KTB-HB well. Based on omnidirectional wave velocities versus pressure, a method is developed to separate crack-caused and textural velocity anisotropies. The crack-caused part of the velocity anisotropy is used to infer crack closure pressures. The ratio of horizontal to vertical differential pressure obtained from textural-reduced crack closure curves decreased from four near the surface to one at depths greater than 5 km. The difference in horizontal crack closure pressures was higher than the overburden pressure only for specimens from shallow depths (< 1 km); it reached a maximum value of 40 MPa at 2 km depth and decreased to 15 MPa in the depth range from 4 to 6 km. For 45 cores we observed a rotation in velocity azimuth under pressure. Assuming the velocity azimuth of nine cores with weak fabric and the crack velocity azimuth of 23 anisotropic cores with rotating azimuths to be parallel to the S,-direction, our data imply a significant rotation of the stress field in the depth range from 1 to 4 km in the KTB pilot hole. Our core results support the previously determined average S,-direction of N162"E at the drill site only in the suite of metabasites at depths ranging from 3629 to 3746m.
[Phacoemulsification and topical anesthesia. Apropos of 40 cases]. (1996)

Simplicity of topical anaesthesia eliminates the complications of the other anaesthetic methods. It is necessary to have a close patient-surgeon relationship. Carefully chosen topical anaesthesia is an interesting alternative.
Top- K Algorithms for SimQL: A Decision Guidance Query Language Based on Stochastic Simulation (2014)

Many applications in diverse areas such as manufacturing systems and sustainable energy systems require making complex decision based on stochastic data. Probabilistic and statistical databases are excellent for declarative queries, but do not support more complex stochastic processes defined through stochastic simulation. Stochastic simulation allows the user to create complex models to simulate an event, but does not support declarative formulation of queries and is time consuming. To support this type of application, this dissertation introduces Simulation Query Language, SimQL, a language extends the database query language SQL with stochastic attributes/ random variables defined by simulation. I also propose algorithms for computing top-k answers based on partial search space exploration for continuous decision variables using regression analysis and algorithms based on enumeration heuristics for scheduling problems. I also conducted experimentation comparing the algorithms for continuous decision variables and a case study for a class of scheduling problems.
Potentiometric stripping analysis and anodic stripping voltammetry for measurement of copper(<scp>II</scp>) and lead(<scp>II</scp>) complexation by fulvic acid: A comparative study (1997)

Abstract The utility of potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) for studying the interaction of fulvic acid with Cu II and Pb II at pH 1.8 and 4.8 was assessed. The impact of fulvic acid on both the deposition and stripping steps was considered. In contrast to results obtained by anodic stripping voltammetry, fulvic acid influenced both these steps in PSA, and to different degrees. Surface active substances have been claimed to have self‐compensatory effects in PSA; this work shows that this is not valid for heterogenous natural complexants such as fulvic acid.
BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to time synchronization error (2003)

This paper presents the details of a simulation based study performed to investigate the BER performance degradation (sensitivity) of OFDM systems due to time synchronization error at the demodulator. It is shown that an OFDM system incorporating a cyclic prefix (CP) has an asymmetric effect on the received constellation with synchronization error away from CP introducing intersymbol interference (ISI), while that towards the CP introducing only a phase error. We approximate the time synchronization error by a Gaussian distributed random variable, in order to evaluate the BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to timing error. The BER performance was evaluated for an AWGN channel and a multipath fading channel in terms of the synchronization error variance. The results of this investigation will be useful in developing time synchronization algorithms in OFDM systems to achieve a particular BER performance target for a given channel condition.
Purification and properties of <i>α</i>-mannosidase II from Golgi-like membranes of baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF-21AE) cells (1997)

An alpha-mannosidase II-like activity was identified in baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF21-AE) cells. The enzyme responsible was purified from Golgi-type membranes to apparent homogeneity by using a combination of steps including DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, concanavalin A-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of this purified protein was approx. 120 kDa by SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions and approx. 240 kDa under non-reducing conditions, indicating that the enzyme is a disulphide-linked dimer. Substrates demonstrated to undergo hydrolysis with this enzyme were GlcNAc-Man5-GlcNAc-GlcNAc (non-reduced and reduced) and p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-mannopyranoside. The oligosaccharide substrate was converted into GlcNAc-Man3-GlcNAc-GlcNAc through an intermediate GlcNAc-Man4-GlcNAc-GlcNAc. Treatment of the isolated intermediate oligosaccharide with endoglycosidase H resulted in its conversion into GlcNAc-Man4-GlcNAc. This indicated that it contained the alpha-1,3-linked mannose residue on the alpha-1,6-linked mannose arm and showed that the alpha-1,6-linked mannose residue on the alpha-1,6-linked mannose arm had been preferentially hydrolysed by the mannosidase. The oligosaccharide lacking the beta-1,2-linked GlcNAc residue on the alpha-1,3-linked mannose arm (Man5-GlcNAc-GlcNAc) was not hydrolysed in the presence of the enzyme. Metal ions were not required for enzymic activity on any of the substrates, but Cu2+ was strongly inhibitory. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited at low concentrations of swainsonine, but much higher concentrations of 1-deoxymannojirimycin were required to achieve inhibition. All of these properties are characteristic of mannosidase II enzymes from other eukaryotic tissues. The presence of mannosidase II in lepidopteran insect cells would allow entry of N-linked glycoproteins into the complex processing reaction pathway or into the terminal Man3-GlcNAc-GlcNAc pathway.
Smith's Infiltration Equation and Flooding Infiltrometers (1993)

Smith's infiltration equation was developed by examining the output from runs of a physically-based numerical model of one-dimensional infiltration. The model simulated application of rainfall to an infiltrating surface. Simulation results were analogous to those from a sprinkling infiltrometer and were used to develop a simplified empirical model. The intent of the original research was to provide hydrologists with a tool that was simple to apply and based on a solid theoretical background. This paper extends that work to include analysis of data from flooding infiltrometers. A small modification to Smith's original empirical model is presented. Results from analyses of flooding infiltrometers is presented. Smith's infiltration equation is shown to provide reasonable fits to infiltration data measured with flooding infiltrometers.
Using a description classifier to enhance deductive inference (2002)

Descriptions are given of some of the emerging techniques and uses of classifier-based reasoning systems, specifically as they apply to the LOOM knowledge representation system. The author asserts that current generation expert system tools fail to achieve a satisfactory integration of frame knowledge and rule knowledge. He then describes a class of languages, exemplified by LOOM, that combine descriptions and rules to form a hybrid logic that does achieve a satisfactory level of integration. The use of classifier technology enables a form of unification over descriptions that fills a gap present in the frame-plus-rule (F+R) technology. In addition, classification-based inference technology is more powerful than the inference technology found in languages such as (pure) Prolog. A classifier's ability to automatically organize definitions and to detect many kinds of inconsistency can significantly benefit the task of knowledge acquisition. The unique capabilities of the classifier can be applied to enhance existing programming paradigms. The author highlights specific enhancements to the production rule and object-oriented programming paradigms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors (1998)

A retrospective study of 316 ovarian neoplasms which had frozen section evaluation between January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1995 was conducted to determine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. The frozen section results were compared with final diagnoses from paraffin sections. The frozen section diagnosis was accurate in 95.2% of all cases and inaccurate in 4.8%. The positive predictive value of a positive (or malignant) frozen section was 100%, the negative predictive value of a negative (or benign) frozen section was 98.2%. The sensitivity for malignant tumors as 87%. For tumors of borderline malignancy, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 98.6% respectively. Of the false negative frozen section diagnoses, 73% (8 cases) occurred in tumors of borderline malignancy. We concluded that with the exception of the sensitivity for the diagnosis of tumors of borderline malignancy, the sensitivity and specificity of frozen section diagnosis for benign and overtly malignant ovarian neoplasms are high.
Selective Internal Radiation Therapy with SIR-Spheres <sup>®</sup> in Patients with Nonresectable Liver Tumors (2005)

Our initial experience confirms that SIRT is a promising local therapeutic approach in patients with nonresectable liver tumors which is feasible and has an acceptable toxicity profile. Prospective data on comparing this treatment alone or in combination with other modalities are needed to answer whether long-term survival in this unfavorable stage of disease can be markedly improved.
Syntheses of D- and L-2,6-diheterobicyclo [3.3.0]octanes (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of D- and L-2,6-diheterobicyclo [3.3.0]octanesArthur C. Cope and T. Y. ShenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 22, 5916–5920Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01603a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01603a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Optimal Policy Structure in Serial Inventory Systems with Lost Sales (2009)

We study a periodically reviewed, serial inventory system in which excess demand from external customers is lost. We derive elementary properties of the vector of optimal order quantities in this system. In particular, we derive bounds on the sensitivity (or, more mathematically, the derivative) of the optimal order quantity at each stage to the vector of the current inventory levels. Our analysis uses the concept of L-natural-convexity, which was studied in discrete convex analysis and recently used in the study of single-stage inventory systems with lost sales. We also remark on how our analysis extends to models with capacity constraints and/or backordering.
Intuitive, Hands-free Travel Interfaces for Virtual Environments (2005)

Navigation is one of the most important tasks in virtual environments. We present two novel interfaces for navigation, a dance pad based and a chair based interface. Both interfaces are designed to be intuitive to use by novice users and leave the user&apos;s hands free for other tasks like object manipulation or system control. In an informal study, both interfaces were immediately usable by novice VE users using a ground following travel metaphor without any prior explanation of how the interface functions. In addition, the chair based interface was found to be highly intuitive, effective, and fun to operate.
Effects of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols on oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils from obese and non-obese individuals (2007)

Reactive oxygen species are postulated to be involved in systemic inflamma- tion and oxidative stress in patients with obesity. Activated polymorphonuclear neutro- phils (PMNs) generate extremely high amounts of reactive oxygen species, but these are normally targeted at pathogens inside intracellular phagosomes. The same beneficial an- timicrobial functions, if not controlled, contribute to the tissue damaging effects of in- flammatory reactions. The evidence from conventional epidemiology strongly implies fruits and vegetables in protection against oxidative stress. In our study, the in vitro ef- fects of Aronia melanocarpa juice on oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils from obese and non-obese individuals has been investigated. We tested 15 obese patients (aged 45 ±9 years, women, BMI = 34 ±4.9 kg/m 2 ). Nine healthy subjects (BMI = 22.2 ±1.6 kg/m 2 ) were enrolled as controls. Neutrophils were isolated and oxidant production, in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, was characterized by using luminol de- pendent chemiluminescence (CL) and flow cytometric dichlorofluorescin oxidation assay. Caspase-3 activity, a marker of apoptosis execution, in human neutrophils , measured by a cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC. Additional experiments to assess the direct toxic effect of the aronia polyphenols were also carried out. Neutrophils from obese individuals had a significantly higher H 2O2 production and CL response compared to controls (p < 0.05). The oxidative metabolism of PMNs was decreased by aronia juice treatment in both of groups, obese and non-obese individuals. The caspase-3 activity de- pended on the time of aronia juice treatment and was markedly increased in phorbol- treated cells incubated with polyphenols for 24 hours. This natural product exert benefi- cial effects in cells and may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of obesity disorders.
『공감의 힘, 혹은 자연의 승리』에 나타난 “자연”과 공화주의 (2013)

This paper aims to elucidate the meanings of “Nature” in William Hill Brown`s The Power of Sympathy: or, the Triumph of Nature (1789) in the premise that concept of Nature is of great consequence in the discourses of Republicanism in the early America. Nature was charged with the contested meanings in the battle of ideologies between the advocates of English monarchy and the republicans; the opposite parties derived the authority of their arguments from the various demarcations of defining “nature” and “natural” in their own ways. In this novel, meanings of “nature” vary from the humanistic impulse against God`s grace to human mind as in the scene when Mr. Holmes argues that reading books is like the cultivation of nature. Finally, as the catastrophe surge of incest destroys the ill-starred lovers Harrington and Harriot, “nature” that presides over their tragedy gives us even a glimpse of its deterministic character. In Brown`s novel, I argue, the ideal of republicanism that theoretically disavows class differences is undermined when the revelation comes that it was from their mutual affinity as half-blooded siblings that the peril of incest originates, despite of their seemingly republican love that had overcome the consciousness of class distinctions. As the major assumption of republicanism is stranded on the reef of the impediments to republican marriage and the affliction caused by homogeneity, the meaning of nature encompassing hypotheses of Enlightenment and Sentimentalism is simultaneously ruptured and impaired.
Strength properties of discontinuous fiber composites (1971)

Abstract The longitudinal strengths of unidirectional discontinuous fiber composites have been calculated based on the concept of perturbation effect and the distortional energy criterion, utilizing the finite‐element method. The theoretical results thus obtained are compared with the experimental data as well as the results of shear lag analysis for tungsten‐copper, boron‐aluminum, glass‐epoxy and boron‐epoxy composites. Based on the Jackson‐Cratchley equations, modified for discontinuous fibers, a formula is also proposed for calculating the strengths of randomly oriented discontinuous fiber composites. The results calculated from this formula are compared with the experimental data for aluminum oxide‐aluminum‐silicon and glass‐epoxy composites.
The "New Breed" Educator: A Rationale and Program for Combining Elementary and Special Education Teacher Preparation (1986)

The article begins with a brief history of how teachers were trained and children were grouped in American education, and describes how elementary and special education teacher-training programs emerged as two distinctly separate processes. The authors contend that a relatively recent knowledge base has emerged that permits all teachers to understand and meet the educational needs of individual children in the context of their developmental levels and stages, using both general and specific information. This new breed of developmentally oriented general educator is described, and the need for such teachers is addressed. It is suggested that elementary and special education teacher training programs be combined into a single program using developmental theory as the unifying theme. A program currently being implemented at La Salle University is described.
Metrics for applying GOF design patterns in refactoring processes (2002)

This paper presents a kind of software design measures that help us to determine the application of Gang-Of-Four design patterns to refactoring processes. Refactoring using design patterns is one of the promising approaches to improve the designs during development activities, and a crucial issue is to identify when, where and which patterns could be applied. We analyzed several actual object-oriented designs of low quality needed to be refactored and focus on the characteristics of conditional statements of methods and inheritance structures, which seemed to cause the low quality. We provide 20 measures to objectively detect these characteristics in object-oriented designs. These measures express the complexity of branching execution in conditional statements and the strength of the dependency among the sub classes in the inheritance trees. Designers can be guided to recognize when, where and which design patterns should be used, in order to refactor their designs of low quality, by calculating these measures. We apply our approach to the low-quality design of the drawing editor that was produced by a novice designer and assess the effectiveness of our measures.
Fast ASAR image formation using the shooting and bouncing ray technique (2002)

We have recently devised a diagnostic algorithm for imaging antenna-platform interactions from antenna radiation data. The algorithm, termed ASAR (antenna synthetic aperture radar) imaging, utilizes multi-frequency, multi-aspect radiation data and Fourier processing to create a 3D map of the platform showing the locations of dominant secondary radiation on the platform. Such an algorithm can be used to process either measurement data or computed data from electromagnetic solvers. In this paper, we consider the case when the SBR (shooting and bouncing ray) approach is used to simulate the antenna radiation data. It is shown that a fast ASAR imaging algorithm especially tailored for the SBR approach can be derived. By taking advantage of the ray tracing information within the SBR engine, we will show that the ASAR image can be generated directly in the image domain without resorting to any multiple frequency-aspect calculations. Such an idea is similar to the image-domain ISAR formation process we have reported previously (1995). Furthermore, we can apply an FFT-based algorithm to speed up the ASAR image formation time. Using such a fast approach, it is possible to obtain the same quality of ASAR image as frequency-aspect approach at only a fraction of the computation time (minutes versus hours).
<title>Plastic Optical Fibers</title> (1973)

Having known for thousands of years how to carry water through a channel or conduit, and for over 100 years how to carry electrical current through a cable, man's discovery of a way to pipe light took a remarkably long time to develop. It was in 1951 that the first true optical fiber was described and not until 1956 that there was any commercial activity to speak of.