gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar glass waveguide ring resonators with gain (2007)

The frequency resolution of an active waveguide ring resonator spectrometer is fundamentally limited by spontaneous emission noise produced by the gain medium. A closed-form expression for this resolution is derived, and the result is used to determine the minimum, rms, angular rotation rate, random walk error achievable by an active ring resonator gyroscope. An active waveguide ring resonator is demonstrated in a neodymium-doped glass, and a finesse of 250 at a signal wavelength of 1060 nm is achieved for the 1.6 cm diameter ring under laser diode pumping. This finesse corresponds to an effective propagation loss on the order of 0.013 dB/cm, which is the lowest value reported to date for rings of this size.
Running Fsck in the background (2002)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Contributions to the problem of approximation of equidistant data by analytic functions. Part B. On the problem of osculatory interpolation. A second class of analytic approximation formulae (1946)

1 The connection of these types characteristics with the notation as used by Greville in his paper The general theory of osculatory interpolation, Trans. Actuar. Soc. Amer., 45, pp. 202-265 (1944), especially pp. 210-211, is as follows: The first three symbols D~, C, El, require no further comment since they are identical respectively with the characteristics 4, 1, and 6 of Greville's classification, pp. 210-211. There remain three further characteristics to be discussed: (i) Whether the formula (1) is an "end-point" or "mid-point" formula. This point is of importance if (1) is written in terms of certra! differences, since it, then reduces to either the Everett or else the Steffensen form. The following statement is obvious: The formula (1) is an "end point" or "mid-point" formula depending on whether the span s is even or odd.
SMRC: An Endurable SSD Cache for Host-Aware Shingled Magnetic Recording Drives (2018)

Host-aware shingled magnetic recording (HA-SMR) drives deliver higher disk capacity and expose internal zones to host, but their performance can be severely degraded when subjected to nonsequential writes (NSWs). Using solid state drives (SSDs) as a cache layer to proactively cache NSWs can alleviate this performance degradation. However, existing SSD caching designs are not capable of identifying and selectively caching NSWs, which incurs ineffectual SSD write traffic and excessively wears the limited write endurance of SSD. In this paper, we propose an endurable SMR-oriented SSD Caching (SMRC) framework. SMRC leverages the intrinsic host-aware property of HA-SMR drives to filter both sequential writes and innocuous NSWs out of SSD. Besides, SMRC reorganizes the cached NSWs to evict them with cleaning-friendly write traffic to HA-SMR drives. Our experimental results show that SMRC can effectively reduce SSD write traffic and improve system performance compared with existing SSD caching designs.
A Low-Voltage and Low-Power Adaptive Switched-Current Sigma&amp;ndash;Delta ADC for Bio-Acquisition Microsystems (2006)

An ultralow-voltage and low-power adaptive sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (SDADC) with a 10-bit dynamic range for bio-microsystem applications is presented. The proposed SDADC includes a switched-current sigma-delta modulator (SISDM) and a digital decimator. In order to achieve the low-voltage requirement, a novel class-AB switched-current memory cell is adopted to implement the SISDM with the oversampling ratio (OSR) of 64. In addition, a proposed differential current comparator and a low-voltage 1-bit switched-current digit-to-analog converter (SIDAC) are used for the design of the SDM. Benefits from the SISDM using the class-AB memory cell are low power consumption and high dynamic range. Moreover, a new single-multiplier structure is presented to implement the finite-impulse-response (FIR) digital filters which are the major hardware elements in the decimator. For the various applications with different biosignal frequencies, the SDADC could be manipulated in different operating modes. The overall ADC has been implemented in a TSMC 0.18-mum 1P6M standard CMOS process technology. Without a voltage booster to raise the gate voltage of switches, measurement results show that the SISDM has a dynamic range over 60 dB and a power consumption of 180 muW with an input signal of 1.25-kHz sinusoid wave and 5-kHz bandwidth under a single 0.8-V power supply for electroneurography signals. In addition, the postlayout simulations of SDADC including SISDM and decimator reveal that the dynamic range is still over 60 dB without degrading by digital circuits
Theory for Simple Machines (1957)

A theory is presented for a simple machine that gives a relationship between the efficiency and the load lifted by the machine. The theory is shown to be valid for data taken from a pulley system.
Time Series Forecasting Using LSTM Networks: A Symbolic Approach (2020)

Machine learning methods trained on raw numerical time series data exhibit fundamental limitations such as a high sensitivity to the hyper parameters and even to the initialization of random weights. A combination of a recurrent neural network with a dimension-reducing symbolic representation is proposed and applied for the purpose of time series forecasting. It is shown that the symbolic representation can help to alleviate some of the aforementioned problems and, in addition, might allow for faster training without sacrificing the forecast performance.
A Hexafluorobenzene Gamma Dosimeter for Use in Mixed Neutron and Gamma Fields (1968)

AbstractA high-sensitivity dosimeter system was developed to measure low gamma-ray dose rates in the presence of neutrons. The detector is a liquid scintillator that employs hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) as a solvent and is practically hydrogen free. The energy absorbed in the scintillator is determined directly by counting the analog-to-digital converter pulses of a multichannel analyzer in a fast scaler. The ratio of energy absorbed to air exposure dose was measured for incident gamma energies of 0.06 MeV (241Am), 0.66 MeV (137Cs), 1.25 MeV(60Co), and 4.43 MeV (241AmBe) and gave an average deviation of 3.5% from a constant ratio of energy absorbed to air exposure. A Monte Carlo computer program was written to determine the response of the scintillator to a broader range of gamma-ray energies. This indicated that the ratio of the energy absorbed to the air exposure would vary within the limits of ±10% from 50 keV to 10 MeV. The response to fast neutrons also was measured and compared with calculations which showed that the major component in the neutron response was produced by β− decay following the (n,α) reaction in 19F. For the broad spectrum of incident fast neutrons (up to 11.5 MeV) from a 241AmBe source, the neutron response of the dosimeter was found to be < 8% of its response to the comparable flux of 4.43 MeV gamma rays from the source.
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Peptide SS31 Protects the Retinas of Diabetic Rats (2013)

Oxidative stress is one of the main contributors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SS31 which is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide on the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Two weeks after induction of diabetes, SS31 (3 mg/kg) or the same volume of normal saline (N.S) was injected subcutaneously into the back of diabetic rats every day. Four months later, the integrity of inner blood retinal barrier (iBRB) was measured by Evans blue perfusion. The expression and distribution of claudin-5, occludin, acrolein, 8-OHdG and nitrotyrosine in the rat retinas were detected by immunofluorescent staining. Retinal ultrastructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein level of VEGFR2, Trx-2, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB in the rat retinas were assayed by western blot. Four months after subcutaneous injection, the diabetic rats treated with SS31 had better structures of retinal ganglion cells, thinner capillary basement membrane, less iBRB leakage, more uniform staining of claudin-5 and occludin in the retinal vessels, lower levels of acrolein, 8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine, Bax, caspase-3, p53, and NF-κB, and higher levels of Trx-2 and Bcl-2 in the retinas than those treated with N.S. In conclusion, SS31 could protect the retinal structures and inhibit the breakdown of iBRB by reducing oxidative damage, increasing Trx-2 and Bcl-2 expression, and decreasing p53, NF-κB, Bax, caspase-3, and VEGFR2 expression in the retinas of diabetic rats. SS31 could be a potential new treatment for diabetic retinopathy and other oxidative stress-related diseases.
Expressing feelings and emotions (1997)

With the recent emphasis on ‘curriculum’ it is all too easy to be so concerned with teaching or educating that we lose sight of the child as a whole person and what they might have to teach us about what is important to them. We ignore children's emotions at our peril. Children will not fulfil their potential if they are not valued as whole people, if their self-esteem, their feelings of self-worth, are not encouraged.
Introduction: Causes of Changes in the Structure of Trade (1989)

Two key questions have dominated trade theory. These concern the gains from trade and the pattern of trade. Only the latter issue was dealt with in the IESG Conference.
Gravitation and Experiment (1997)

The confrontation between Einstein's gravitation theory and experimental results, notably binary pulsar data, is summarized and its significance discussed. Experiment and theory agree at the 10^{-3} level. All the basic structures of Einstein's theory (coupling of gravity to matter; propagation and self-interaction of the gravitational field, including in strong-field conditions) have been verified. However, some recent theoretical findings (cosmological relaxation toward zero scalar couplings) suggest that the present agreement between Einstein's theory and experiment might be naturally compatible with the existence of a long-range scalar contribution to gravity (such as the dilaton, or a moduli field of string theory). This provides a new theoretical paradigm, and new motivations for improving the experimental tests of gravity. Ultra-high precision tests of the Equivalence Principle appear as the most sensitive way to look for possible long-range deviations from General Relativity: they might open a low-energy window on string-scale physics.
Medicaid and Family Wealth Transfer (2006)

Familial wealth transfers do occur before changes in Medicaid eligibility in a small, but nontrivial, number of cases, but the amount transferred is modest, especially among nursing home residents. This finding implies that policies to reduce Medicaid long-term-care expenditures by limiting such transfers may not be very effective.
Intraoperative Imaging for Verification of the Correct Level During Spinal Surgery (2013)

One of main problems in current medical practice is the rocketing conflict patient vs physician, generally popularized with the term malpractice; this is particularly true in the field of surgical activity. When dealing with errors occurring in different specialties one of the first and embarrassing event is to deliver surgery at the incorrect (not affected!?) side or level; as the wrong-side in most cases may be prevented by means of strict application of a protocol consisting of vocal identification, cross-check with clinical chart and unequivocal skin marking before incision, avoiding the wrong-level in spinal surgery requires some additional in-depth measures.
Refractive Index of the Human Lens Surface Measured with an Optic Fibre Sensor (1994)

The refractive index of the human eye lens has been measured directly with a reflectometric, optic fibre sensor. Thirteen human lenses ranging in age from 27 to 84 years were examined. The results show that the refractive index is higher on the anterior than on the posterior surface with most of the values ranging from 1.364 to 1.381 and 1.338 to 1.357, respectively. There is no topographical variation along either surface and no evidence of age-related differences. Results using the sensor are compared with those from the Abbe refractometer on homogeneous materials. The refractive index of distilled water was found to be 1.332 with the fibre sensor and 1.3326 with the Abbe refractometer; of 0.5% agarose gel, it was 1.334 and 1.3355, respectively.
قضايا اللغة العربية فى العصر الحديث (بحث عن تحديات التي تواجها في العصر الحديث (2012)

اللغات هي وعاء الفكر الإنساني والتجارب والأحلام الإنسانية عبر التاريخ. وقد سجلت هموم الإنسان وتطلعاته في رحلة وجوده على هذا الكوكب من بدايتها إلى نهايتها. وهي من أجل نعم الله على عباد. قال تعالى: {الرحمن، علم القرآن، خلق الإنسان، علمه البيان}
Development of an air-cooled, loop-type heat pipe with multiple condensers (2012)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Physiological variant of antithrombin‐III lacks carbohydrate sidechain at Asn 135 (1987)

Both normal antithrombin-III (AT-III alpha) and the high heparin affinity form (AT-III beta) were isolated from pooled human plasma. AT-III beta had a lower negative charge and lower molecular mass than AT-III alpha. Sialidase and endo-F digestion indicated that the inherent difference resided in the oligosaccharide component of the molecule. CNBr fragmentation showed there was an oligosaccharide sidechain missing between residues 104 and 251, subdigestion with trypsin indicated that Asn 135 was not glycosylated in AT-III beta. Chromatography of total tryptic digests on concanavalin A-Sepharose confirmed that the high heparin affinity form of antithrombin lacked an oligosaccharide moiety at Asn 135.
Early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: a harbinger for complications in later years--clinical observation from a secondary care cohort (2009)

Early onset T2DM subjects are at substantial risk of developing diabetes complications in later years but at an earlier stage than later onset cohort and prolonged exposure to adverse diabetic milieu is an important contributing factor. Management of risk factors for diabetes complications was inadequate among early onset subjects.
An overview of non-volatile memory technology and the implication for tools and architectures (2009)

Novel nonvolatile memory technologies are gaining significant attentions from semiconductor industry in the competition of universal memory development. We used Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) and Resistive Random Access Memory (R-RAM) as examples to discuss the implication of emerging nonvolatile memory for tools and architectures. Three aspects, including device and memory cell modeling, device/circuit co-design consideration and novel memory architecture, are discussed in details. The goal of these discussions is to design a high-density, low-power, high-performance nonvolatile memory with simple architecture and minimized circuit design complexity.
Autoradiographic examination of the organ distribution of 14C-labelled pentamidine in rats after intravenous and inhaled administration. (1991)

The organ distribution of 14C pentamidine was studied in Sprague Dawley rats by means of whole-body autoradiography following intravenous and inhaled application of pentamidine (Pentacarinat, CAS 140-64-7). The distribution time after intravenous administration of 5 mg pentamidine per kg rat was 30 min, 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days, respectively. The corresponding times after administration of aerosolized pentamidine were 30 min and 24 h. The distribution of radioactivity was also determined by measuring radioactivity in punch specimens of 100 microns sections. Besides renal excretion, the excretion of pentamidine in the bile and via the salivary glands was assessed by autoradiography. Further target organs included the spleen and the bone marrow. As early as after 30 min no radioactivity was detectable in the blood vessels. A lack of radioactivity in the brain tissue with accumulation of pentamidine in the meninges suggests that pentamidine does not cross the blood/brain barrier. Following intravenous administration the lung uptake of pentamidine was relatively low. However, increased drug concentrations were recorded in the bronchial system. The elimination time of pentamidine from the target organs was long. Lung pentamidine concentrations remained almost unchanged for a period of 7 days. After inhaled administration high levels of pentamidine were measured in the lung. 14C pentamidine was also located in the oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal tract, the drug stemming from pentamidine ingested or licked off the skin by the animals. No further target organs were verifiable. From the pharmacological point of view, these studies prove the advantages of pentamidine aerosol in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and provide information on extrarenal excretion mechanisms and deep compartments.
Modified strapdown inertial navigator error models (2002)

The paper revisits the problem of error modeling for strapdown INS for the purpose of navigation sensor blending with a Kalman filter. This problem has been addressed repeatedly over the last 30 years, and different perspectives on INS error modeling have emerged. The paper reviews these, focussing in particular on the properties and relative advantages and disadvantages of the /spl phi/-angle and /spl psi/-angle error models. The paper then addresses some new concepts for the design of a Kalman filter model for integrated navigation. The sometimes troublesome problem of the explicit occurrence of the specific force in both error models is averted with the modified /spl phi/-angle and /spl psi/-angle error models proposed in the paper, in which the explicit representation of the specific force is canceled via a transformation of the velocity error states.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The inheritance of flower color in Macroptilium atropurpureum (1978)

Journal Article The inheritance of flower color in Macroptilium atropurpureum Get access B. C. IMRIE, B. C. IMRIE The authors are, respectively, senior research scientist and former chief of the division, C.S.I.R.O., Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, Mill Road, St. Lucia, 4067, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. M. HUTTON E. M. HUTTON The authors are, respectively, senior research scientist and former chief of the division, C.S.I.R.O., Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, Mill Road, St. Lucia, 4067, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 69, Issue 1, January 1978, Pages 54–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108882 Published: 01 January 1978
Statistical analysis of molecular epidemiology studies employing case-series. (1994)

The case-series design is being used increasingly to explore associations between environmental risk factors and genetic markers. It is demonstrated that the odds ratio derived from a case-series study is the ratio of the relative risk for developing marker-positive disease to the relative risk for developing marker-negative disease. This parameter is an empirical manifestation of etiological heterogeneity with respect to the risk factor under study, and it can be used to construct a statistical significance test. Presence of etiological heterogeneity, as reflected in departures of this parameter from unity, could be a result of either the presence of distinct causal mechanisms for the two categories of cases, or a different strength of effect via the same mechanism. The case-series approach represents an efficient and valid approach for evaluating gene-environment associations, especially in referral centers where it is difficult to identify a valid control group.
Cell-free protein synthesis enabled rapid prototyping for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology (2018)

Advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have facilitated the manufacturing of many valuable-added compounds and commodity chemicals using microbial cell factories in the past decade. However, due to complexity of cellular metabolism, the optimization of metabolic pathways for maximal production represents a grand challenge and an unavoidable barrier for metabolic engineering. Recently, cell-free protein synthesis system (CFPS) has been emerging as an enabling alternative to address challenges in biomanufacturing. This review summarizes the recent progresses of CFPS in rapid prototyping of biosynthetic pathways and genetic circuits (biosensors) to speed up design-build-test (DBT) cycles of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
Between realism and pragmatism: legal basis and requirements for recognition of states by the European Union (2020)

espanolEl poder de la Union Europea de reconocer nuevos Estados no ha sido considerado en profundidad, pese a la trascendencia del tema para el desarrollo de la Politica Exterior y de Seguridad Comun, incluso de las politicas comunes. Aunque la UE nunca ha recibido formalmente dicho poder por parte de sus Estados miembros, la practica reciente europea muestra su creciente influencia en el reconocimiento de nuevos Estados. Utilizando un metodo de investigacion cualitativo basado en la practica de la UE respecto a nuevos Estados desde los anos noventa, y comparativo con las tradicionales teorias acerca del reconocimiento, este articulo caracteriza a la Union Europea como un sujeto activo de este acto unilateral y analiza las condiciones para proceder al mismo. El articulo termina con una conclusion normativa, pero siguiendo el pragmatismo basado en principios, tal y como requiere la Estrategia Global de la UE. EnglishThe question of whether the EU has the power to recognize new States has never been seriously considered. Formally, the Member States have not attributed that function to the EU. However, recent European practice shows an increased EU influence on the recognition of new States. Utilizing both a qualitative research method concerning EU practice towards new States since the nineties and a comparative one with traditional theories concerning recognition, this article characterizes the EU as an active recognition actor and analyses the suitable conditions for carrying out this unilateral act. The article ends with a normative conclusion, which falls in line with the principled pragmatism, as advocated by the European Union Global Strategy.
Integrating True 3-D Digital Video Effects Processing with Real-Time Computer Graphics (1995)

A system has been developed that allows for real-time modeling of true 3-D shapes with live video mapping in an economical digital video effects (DVE) environment. By dividing a video image into a variable number of polygonal patches and manipulating each polygonal patch individually, almost any geometric shape can be modeled and video-mapped in real time. The technique is unlike any conventional video effects processor and is in certain ways more closely related to the computer graphics world of three-dimensional (3-D) modeling and animation, but without the time and cost constraints.