gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of the <i>Tetrahymena</i> Genome During Nuclear Differentiation*† (1979)

Synopsis. The DNA of the macro‐ and the micronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila has been compared by various biochemical methods. It became evident from their thermal denaturation temperatures and buoyant densities that the 2 DNAs were very similar in overall composition. Small differences were detected when the sequence complexities of these DNAs were compared by DNA renaturation studies. The studies suggested that ˜ 10% of the micronuclear genome was lost or underrepresented in the macronucleus. Comparison of individual gene levels revealed further differences. By using the technic of gene cloning a micronuclear sequence was isolated which hybridized only with micronuclear, but not with macronuclear DNA. These results indicated the occurrence of elimination or underreplication of this sequence in the macronucleus. Gene amplification was also shown to occur. In the micronucleus only a single copy of rDNA was found integrated into the chromosome. During macro‐nuclear development, amplification was observed to occur, and the amount of rDNA to increase, until there were ˜ 200 copies per haploid genome in the mature macronucleus. all of them extrachromosomal and palindromic. The 3rd case of alteration involved a simple repeated sequence, (CCCCAA)n, present in the termini of rDNA and also in many other locations of the genome. Restriction endonuclease digestion studies revealed drastic differences in the organization of the repeats between macro‐and micronucleus. These differences may be interpreted as the results of chromosome fragmentation which occurs at every cluster of the repeats during macronuclear development. The relationship between this event and gene amplification and elimination is discussed.
Interleukin‐1, Tumour Necrosis Factor and Treatment of the Septic Shock Syndrome (1992)

Treating the septic shock syndrome with antibodies that block only endotoxin has its limitations. Other targets for treating septic shock include neutralizing antibodies to the complement fragment C5a, platelet activating factor antagonists and blockade of endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecules. Specific blockade of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with septic shock. Moreover, blocking IL‐1 and TNF likely has uses in treating diseases other than septic shock. Use of neutralizing antibodies to TNF or IL‐1 receptors has reduced the consequences of infection and inflammation, including lethal outcomes in animal models. The IL‐1 receptor antagonist, a naturally occurring cytokine, blocks shock and death due to Escherichia coli as well as ameliorates a variety of inflammatory diseases. Soluble TNF and IL‐1 surface receptors, which bind their respective cytokines. also ameliorate disease processes. Clinical trials are presently evaluating the safety and efficacy of anticytokine therapies either alone or in combination.
Meta-Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Immunparametern und Fatigue bei Krebs (2006)

Hintergrund: Die Ursache der sehr häufig bei Krebserkrankungen auftretenden chronischen Fatigue ist nicht bekannt. Mögliche Auslöser für Fatigue bei Krebs könnten erhöhte Konzentrationen von Immunparametern wie Zytokine und Neopterin sein. In dieser Arbeit führten wir eine Meta-Analyse aller bisher zu diesem Thema durchgeführten Studien durch. Immuntherapiestudien wurden dabei nicht berücksichtigt.
Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB): a new generation of resorbable medical devices for tissue repair and regeneration (2013)

Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is a thermoplastic, linear polyester, produced by recombinant fermentation, that can be converted into a wide range of resorbable medical devices. P4HB fibers are exceptionally strong, and can be designed to provide prolonged strength retention in vivo. In 2007, the FDA cleared a monofilament suture made from P4HB for general soft tissue approximation and/or ligation. Subsequently, surgical mesh devices for hernia repair, tendon and ligament repair, and plastic and reconstructive surgery have been introduced for clinical use. This review describes the unique properties of P4HB, its clinical applications, and potential uses that are under development.
Are Expected Costs and Returns Identical Twins? <i>Decoupling Slippage from Momentum over Shorter Horizons</i> (2020)

Does the quest for best execution on behalf of large institutional orders boil down to optimizing the short-term momentum during their trading? We clip the trades originating from buy-side clients’ orders into 5- and 30-minute clusters and find that (1) mostly favorable short-term returns experienced by clients’ fills are counterbalanced by adverse returns when executions of parent orders in progress are postponed; (2) although cost curve heuristics for short and longer horizon clusters are mostly alive and well, the “identical twins” positive cost-return relation over longer horizons tends to break down because of adverse selection dominating executions in shorter intervals; and (3) the nature and strength of the cost-return link vary with liquidity, duration, and type of trading intervals. The distinct “signature” patterns behind price trajectories around child order executions vary systematically by spread capture and the algorithmic strategy in place. Multiresolution time frames, trading/nontrading interval taxonomy, and other methodological tools have practical implications for posttrade modeling and transaction cost analytics. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fundamental equity analysis, accounting and ratio analysis, technical analysis <b>Key Findings</b> • Significant price impact occurs in intervals without own trading. • In contrast to traditional transaction cost analytics at parent order level, no “identical twins” relation between slippage cost and signed returns is found in granular fixed duration (5-minute) intervals. • Although traditional “cost curve” heuristics are (mostly) alive and well, multiple timeframe analytics (full-day, 30-minute, 5-minute, tick-level) and signature price profiles bring new insights into algorithmic trading behavior.
Combined use of endometrial sample and magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative risk‐stratification of endometrial carcinomas (2014)

The combination of preoperative histology and MRI is moderately sensitive and specific in detecting high-risk endometrial carcinomas. The clinical utility of the method is hampered by the relatively high proportion of high-risk cases that remain unrecognized preoperatively.
Positron emission tomography scanning in malignant melanoma (2000)

BACKGROUND Several recent studies have demonstrated the low yield of anatomically based computed tomography scans in evaluating Stage III (American Joint Committee on Cancer) patients with malignant melanoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and clinical utility of functionally based positron emission tomography (PET) scans in the same patient population. METHODS A prospective evaluation of 106 whole body PET scans obtained after injection of 2-fluorine-18, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was performed in 95 patients with clinically evident Stage III lymph node and/or in-transit melanoma. Areas of abnormality on FDG PET scanning were identified visually as foci of increased metabolic activity compared with background, and all positive foci were assessed pathologically. RESULTS In this patient population, there were 234 areas that were evaluated pathologically of which 165 were confirmed histologically to be melanoma. PET scanning identified 144 of the 165 areas of melanoma for a sensitivity of 87.3%. The 21 areas of melanoma that were missed included 10 microscopic foci, 9 foci less than 1 cm, and 2 foci greater than 1 cm. There were 39 areas of increased PET activity that were not associated with malignancy for a 78.6% predictive value of a positive test. Of the 39 false-positive areas (false-positive rate of 56.5%), 13 could be attributed to recent surgery, 3 to arthritis, 3 to infection, 2 to superficial phlebitis, 1 to a benign skin nevus, and 1 to a colonic polyp. Pathologic evaluation of the remaining false-positive areas failed to reveal a definitive etiology for their increased activity on PET scan. With the application of pertinent clinical information, the predictive value of a positive PET scan could be improved to 90.6%. The specificity of PET scanning in this study was only 43.5% because very few prophylactic lymph node dissections were performed. Thirty-six of the total 183 abnormal areas (19.7%) on PET scanning proved to be unsuspected areas of metastatic disease. These findings led to a change in the planned clinical management in patients after 16 of the 106 PET scans (15.1%). CONCLUSIONS FDG PET scanning can be helpful in managing patients with Stage III melanoma in whom further surgery is contemplated. Although false-positive areas are not uncommon, PET scans did change the management of patients 15% of the time. PET's inability to identify microscopic disease suggests that it is of limited use in evaluating patients with Stage I–II disease. Cancer 2000;89:1019–25. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
In Vitro and in Vivo Relaxation of Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle by the Selective Myosin II Inhibitor, Blebbistatin (2009)

Our novel data reveals that BLEB nearly completely relaxes rat and human CCSM pre-contracted with a variety of potent agonists and exhibits tissue selectivity. Coupled with our in vivo data in which nanomole doses of BLEB significantly increase ICP, our data substantiates an important role for the SM contractile apparatus in the molecular mechanism for EF and suggests the possibility of BLEB binding at myosin II as a therapeutic treatment for ED by targeting SM contractile pathways.
Molecular Triangle of Palladium(II) and Its Anion Binding Properties (2002)

The ligand 4(3H)-pyrimidone (Hpm) forms the complexes trans-[PdCl(2)(Hpm)(2)] and [Pd(PP)(Hpm)(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(2) (PP = Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2) or Ph(2)P(CH(2))(3)PPh(2)), with the neutral ligand (Hpm), and a bowl-like molecular triangle, [(Pd(bu(2)bipy)(mu-pm))(3)](3+) (bu(2)bipy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), with the deprotonated ligand (pm). This triangular complex acts as a host for binding of several anionic guests.
20 YEAR RESULTS OF THE MÜLLER STRAIGHT STEM A CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL FOLLOW-UP OF 165 CONSECUTIVE STEMS (2009)

Introduction: Since its introduction in 1977 the Muller straight stem and its various copies have become one of the most often used cemented stems worldwide (about 1.1 million stems, figure quoted by manufacturer). Though, there is still a lack of long-term follow-up data. Material/Methods: A consecutive series of 165 primary hip replacements (161 patients) with the original forged Muller straight stem (CoNiCr) was operated between July 1984 and June 1987 and followed prospectively. Mean age at operation was 68.9 years (25.6 to 86.3 years). 70 stems were implanted in female patients. Operation was done in supine position through a transgluteal approach with no trochanteric osteotomy. All stems were cemented with a second-generation technique (distal plug, cement syringe). The head diameter was 32 mm diameter, 134 heads were out of metal, 31 out of ceramic. 151 hips had a cemented polyethylene cup (52 with armament screws). 13 were combined with an acetabular reinforcement ring (Muller ring) and one with an anti-protrusion cage (Burch-Schneider). Clinical and radiological follow-up was planned at 4 months 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. Clinical follow-up included a standardised examination and the completion of an IDES form. Cumulative survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Radiographs were analysed for osteolysis according to Gruen et al. (zones 1–7) and radiolucent lines. Results: 3 patients (3 stems) were lost to follow-up (two postoperative and one after 16.8 years), 103 patients (with 106 hips) had died without revision and 55 patients (56 hips) remained for follow-up. 15 stems were revised, 11 for aseptic loosening (9 in combination with the cup), two for infection and two for other reasons. 13 further patients had isolated cup revision. Survival with aseptic loosening of the stem as endpoint was 86% (95%-CI: 82 to 90%) at 20 years. The median HHS at the last follow-up was 80 points (range 30–98 points). 31% of the non-revised 41 stems showed osteolysis, most of them in zone 7 (21.9%). Two stems with isolated cup revision had a continuous radiolucent line. Incomplete radiolucent lines appeared most frequently in zone 1. Cup revision was associated with increased radiological changes on the femoral side (p=0.094, Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusion: The Muller straight stem shows excellent clinical and radiological results in the long-term, comparable to those achieved with other well established cemented and non-cemented stems. From our data further clinical use of the Muller straight stem can highly be recommended.
Mecanismes moleculaires et regulation de la transposition d'elements genetiques mobiles de drosophile marques par des genes indicateurs (1993)

Nous avons developpe un gene indicateur, hsp-neo#r#t, qui permet de detecter les evenements de retrotransposition in vivo dans des drosophiles transgeniques. L'element i est un line de drosophila melanogaster dont la transposition a forte frequence peut etre provoquee par un croisement dysgenique entre des males inducteurs possedant des elements i fonctionnels et des femelles reactives qui en sont depourvues. Nous avons etabli des lignees transgeniques pour un element i marque par hsp-neo#r#t. La mobilite de cet element a ete detectee par selection en milieu contenant de la geneticine. Dans les copies transposees obtenues, l'elimination de l'intron du gene indicateur par epissage demontre que la transposition de l'element i passe par l'intermediaire d'un arn. Nous avons montre que la transposition de l'element i peut generer, non seulement des duplications de la cible, mais egalement des deletions. Un modele rendant compte de ces donnees est propose. Un deuxieme gene indicateur pour la drosophile, hsp-lacz#r#t, concu pour detecter les evenements de retrotransposition par simple coloration enzymatique in situ a ete insere dans l'element i en deletant la majeure partie de sa deuxieme phase de lecture ouverte. L'element ainsi marque est capable de transposer dans des cellules de drosophile en culture, lorsqu'il est co-transfecte avec un vecteur d'expression contenant les deux phases de lecture ouverte de l'element i. Dans les souches inductrices, les elements i sont stables. L'analyse des lignees transgeniques obtenues a montre que les elements i deletes pour une grande partie de la deuxieme phase de lecture ouverte sont capables de reprimer l'activite des elements i. Ceci suggere que le determinant de l'etat cellulaire controlant cette activite est la premiere phase de lecture ouverte. Enfin, nous avons etabli des lignees transgeniques pour les transposons de type retroviral gypsy, copia et 412 marques et des cultures cellulaires derivees de celles-ci. Ces deux systemes devraient permettre d'etudier les mecanismes moleculaires et la regulation de la transposition de cette deuxieme classe d'elements classe d'elements mobiles de drosophile
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE ALKYLATION REACTIONS WITH VINAMIDINIUM SALTS (1980)

Abstract Dimethylamino‐acrolein (I) reagiert mit Dimethylamin‐hydrochlorid zu einem Vinamidinium‐Salz (III), das mit den Enolationen (IV) zu den Dienon‐aminen (V) reagiert.
Three-Dimensional Characterization of Core/Shell Nitride Nanowires. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Expression of Adult Sex Specific Proteins, Vitellins, in Embryonic Cell Lines of<i>Rhipicephalus appendicuiatus</i> (1987)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: embryonic tick cell line Rhipicephalus appendiculatus vitellinsprotein turn over
The size-weight illusion, emulation, and the cerebellum (2004)

In this commentary we discuss a predictive sensorimotor illusion, the size-weight illusion, in which the smaller of two objects of equal weight is perceived as heavier. We suggest that Grush's emulation theory can explain this illusion as a mismatch between predicted and actual sensorimotor feedback, and present preliminary data suggesting that the cerebellum may be critical for implementing the emulator.
Computation method for complete D-stability intervals of a class of matrices based on generalization of the stability feeler (2010)

In this paper we study the robust D-stability of single-parameter polynomially-dependent matrices. D-stability of a matrix means that all the eigenvalues are in a prescribed open region, which is symmetric with respect to the real axis in the complex plane. We propose a method based on generalization of the stability feeler. By using this method, we can obtain complete D-stability intervals for a class of single-parameter polynomially-dependent matrices. This method does not require that a nominal matrix is stable. Moreover, we show an application to the analysis of robust D-stability in a physically motivated example.
<title>In-situ stress measurement of molybdenum/silicon multilayers and low-stress multilayers for extreme-ultraviolet lithography</title> (2001)

We developed an in-situ stress monitoring system using variable electrostatic capacitance with a Si wafer cantilever as the moveable electrode of a parallel capacitor. The stress behaviors during the deposition of thick molybdenum (Mo) single layers, conventional molybdenum/silicon (Mo/Si) multilayers and low-stress multilayers (Mo/Si multilayers modified using sub-multilayering and ion beam polishing (IBP)) were observed. In the case of a Mo single layer, at an early stage of deposition to about 40 Angstroms thickness the partial stress was tensile, and after that the partial stress became compressive. In the case of conventional Mo/Si multilayers, a modulation of stress was observed. After Mo-layer deposition the partial stress became tensile, whereas after Si-layer deposition it became compressive, leading to a compressive total stress. In the case of the low-stress multilayers that we developed, we observed the suppression of compressive stress changes of the Si-layer after the IBP of the Mo surface. The control of the partial stress changes of each layer will make it possible to control the total stress of multilayers.
Multidrug evolutionary strategies to reverse antibiotic resistance (2015)

Antibiotic treatment has two conflicting effects: the desired, immediate effect of inhibiting bacterial growth and the undesired, long-term effect of promoting the evolution of resistance. Although these contrasting outcomes seem inextricably linked, recent work has revealed several ways by which antibiotics can be combined to inhibit bacterial growth while, counterintuitively, selecting against resistant mutants. Decoupling treatment efficacy from the risk of resistance can be achieved by exploiting specific interactions between drugs, and the ways in which resistance mutations to a given drug can modulate these interactions or increase the sensitivity of the bacteria to other compounds. Although their practical application requires much further development and validation, and relies on advances in genomic diagnostics, these discoveries suggest novel paradigms that may restrict or even reverse the evolution of resistance.
Effect of fumarate reducing bacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane mitigation and microbial diversity (2014)

The metabolic pathways involved in hydrogen (H(2)) production, utilization and the activity of methanogens are the important factors that should be considered in controlling methane (CH(4)) emissions by ruminants. H(2) as one of the major substrate for CH(4) production is therefore should be controlled. One of the strategies on reducing CH(4) is through the use of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms such as fumarate reducing bacteria. This study determined the effect of fumarate reducing bacteria, Mitsuokella jalaludinii, supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, CH(4) production, diversity and quantity. M. jalaludinii significantly reduced CH(4) at 48 and 72 h of incubation and significantly increased succinate at 24 h. Although not significantly different, propionate was found to be highest in treatment containing M. jalaludinii at 12 and 48 h of incubation. These results suggest that supplementation of fumarate reducing bacteria to ruminal fermentation reduces CH(4) production and quantity, increases succinate and changes the rumen microbial diversity.
How hyperstereopsis can improve the accuracy of spatial perception: an experimental approach (1997)

It has been shown that people consistently underestimate distances between objects in the depth direction as compared to the lateral direction. This study examined the use of artificially enhanced stereopsis (hyperstereopsis) in judging relative distances. The data showed that doubling interocular distance by means of a telestereoscope reduced the illusory compression of depth: subjects who viewed the scene without the telestereoscope averaged a depth compression of 0.28. Subjects who used the telestereoscope yielded an average compression of 0.40. Individual verbal self-reports of depth compression effects were unreliable, pointing out the value of quantitative experimental methods.
Identification of Uncommon PIK3CA Mutations in Lung Cancer by Using Pyrosequencing (2013)

The screening of our small patient cohort by pyrosequencing identified 2 mutations (4.9%) in PIK3CA, one in exon 9 (Q546H) and the other in exon 20 (M1043T). Both mutations have not been described in lung tumors yet and seem to be rather uncommon mutations. Future screening of large patient cohorts with pyrosequencing may contribute to the detection of more mutations in lung cancer because of the low limit of detections of this method and may contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of mutations and tumorigenesis.
Evaluation of a power system stable region based on Hopf bifurcation theory (2002)

Abstract A power system is a dynamic system, which includes several kinds of nonlinear elements. Transient stability is a typical example originating in the nonlinearity of power swing. On the other hand, use of the nonlinear analysis method based on Hopf bifurcation theory reveals the existence of a limit cycle around an operating point and the stability of the limit cycle. This paper evaluates power system global stability formed by an unstable limit cycle. The limit cycle mainly results from the excitation control. Therefore, it is important to consider the effect of flux linkage change in the field winding in addition to the δ‐ω variables. This paper presents a method of calculating the correct stability boundary associated with an unstable limit cycle. Some numerical results using a model power system demonstrate the accuracy of the method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 16–24, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10104
Perceived fatigue interference and depressed mood: comparison of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients with fatigued breast cancer survivors (2015)

CFS/ME patients reported elevated fatigue symptoms and depression relative to fatigued breast cancer survivors. In the former group, greater depressed mood was highly and significantly associated with greater fatigue-related inference in daily activities. Potential targets for cognitive behavioral interventions are discussed.