gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing of the p62 envelope precursor protein of Semliki Forest virus. (1991)

The spike protein of Semliki Forest virus is composed of three subunits, E1, E2, and E3, which mediate the fusion of the virus membrane with that of the host cell. E2 and E3 are synthesized as a precursor, p62, which is cleaved post-translationally after an Arg-His-Arg-Arg sequence. In vitro mutagenesis of a cDNA clone of the spike proteins was used to specifically alter amino acids in this cleavage site. Cleavage of p62 was completely blocked by mutation of the proximal Arg residue to Phe, without affecting transport or surface expression of the spike protein. The cleavage mutation resulted in the loss of spike protein fusion activity within the physiological pH range. Fusion activity was restored by cleavage with exogenous chymotrypsin and showed the same low pH dependence as that of wild type. The cleavage sensitivity of newly synthesized p62 was investigated by pulse-chase analysis and chymotrypsin treatment in detergent solution. p62 was sensitive to cleavage immediately following its synthesis. Protein trapped in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, monensin, or Brefeldin A treatment was also fully sensitive to cleavage. These results suggest that p62 does not require an organelle-mediated conformational change for processing. Thus, in vivo, the site of p62 processing is probably controlled by the location or activity of the cleavage enzyme, rather than the sensitivity of the p62 substrate.
2 Micron merged bipolar-CMOS technology (1984)

A 2 µm process, merging the major technologies required to fabricate VLSI MOS and bipolar transistors on the same integrated circuit, is described. Two mask steps are added to a two-layer metal N-well silicided CMOS process to fabricate the walled-polysilicon emitter NPN transistors. The non-epitaxial process was used to establish the current drive advantage gained by integrating NPN transistors with CMOS. By adding a 1 µm epitaxial layer and adopting a retrograde P-well, latchup is eliminated and VLSI bipolar performance becomes feasible.
Whitehaven Old Fort: an 18th-century coastal fortification (1980)

The paper includes a report on the excavation of the Old Fort, Whitehaven, a discussion of the available documentary evidence on the fort and its role in the Whitehaven defences. The excavation revealed the original ground plan, despite later stone-robbing and demolition. A group of post-medieval pottery, datable to between c. 1740-1770, was found sealed beneath the sandstone block flooring of the fort.
A simple dual-port antenna system for cognitive radio applications (2010)

This paper presents a simple antenna system design for cognitive radio applications. The system comprises two printed monopoles sharing a common partial ground plane. The first monopole is used for channel sensing over the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range. The second one is frequency-reconfigurable and is used to communicate over a selected frequency slot. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and tested. A good agreement was found between the simulated and measured data.
Diversity is demonstrated in class I HLA‐A and HLA‐B alleles in Cameroon, Africa: description of HLA‐A*03012, *2612, *3006 and HLA‐B*1403, *4016, *4703 (2000)

To examine the genetic diversity in west Africa, class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles of 92 unrelated individuals from two areas in the Cameroon, the capital Yaoundé and the village of Etoa, were identified by direct automated DNA sequencing of exons 2 and 3 of the HLA-B locus alleles and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) and/or sequencing of the HLA-A locus alleles. HLA-A*2301 (18.7%), A*2902 (10.4%), B*5301 (10.9%), and B*5802 (10.9%) were the most frequently detected alleles, present in at least 10% of the population. A total of 30 HLA-A locus and 33 HLA-B locus alleles, including six novel alleles, were detected. The novel alleles were HLA-A*03012, A*2612, A*3006 and HLA-B*1403, B*4016, and B*4703. HLA-B*4703 contains a novel amino acid sequence that is a combination of the first 5 amino acids of the Bw6 epitope and the last 2 residues of the Bw4 epitope. The addition of 6 alleles to the ever-expanding number of known class I HLA alleles supports our hypothesis that extensive genetic diversity, including previously undescribed alleles, would be observed in this African population. In the Yaoundé population, the allele frequency distribution at the HLA-A locus is consistent with distributions indicative of balancing selection. Extensive HLA-A-B haplotypes were observed in this population suggesting that only a fraction of the Cameroon HLA-A-B haplotype diversity has been observed.
Implications of recent advances in the understanding of pain pathophysiology for the assessment of pain in patients (1999)

As we approach the new millennium, it is clear that we are on the brink of a major change in clinical pain management. We are poised to move from a treatment paradigm that has been almost entirely empirical to one that will be derived from an understanding of the actual mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pain. When this is achieved, pain treatment will at last be rationally based. The implications of this are immense and will necessitate major changes in the way we classify pain, which until now has been based on disease, duration and anatomy, to a mechanism-based classification. In addition, the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of pain will change. The aim in the future will be to identify in individual patients what mechanisms are responsible for their pain and to target treatment specifically at those mechanisms. We present for discussion, a new approach for classifying pain, based on an analysis of mechanisms, and show how this could be used to assess pain clinically. Such kinds of pain assessment, which need to be designed to reveal as much as possible about mechanisms, are necessary for more sophisticated epidemiology and clinical research as well as for providing the outcome measures necessary for the evaluation of the efficacy of new treatments targeted at particular pain mechanisms.
Surface Plasmon Polariton Dependence on Metal Surface Morphology (2007)

Generation and propagation of surface plasmons on nano-structured gold films was studied using optical and electron-beam techniques. Optical excitation of surface plasmons in Au-black films prepared by evaporation in moderate vacuum was observed. Initial indication of propagation of surface plasmons at visible-light frequencies over ~10 nm length scales was observed. A tunable terahertz detector based on two-dimensional plasmons in a semiconductor heterostructure was designed. These results have application to the characterization of the complex permittivity of absorbing films for terahertz bolometers and to the development of a terahertz spectrometer on a chip, both of which are relevant to terahertz remote chemical and biological sensing.
The Removal Efficacy of Heavy Metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soils by Integrated Bio-phytoremediation (2014)

In this study, the bio-phytoremediation and phytoremediation technologies were applied to the soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and heavy metals to evaluate the remediation efficacy from May 2012 to December 2013. Poplar (Populus bonatii Levl.) and Sun Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) were selected and planted in phytoremediation practice. These plants were also utilized in the bio-phytoremediation practice, with the addition of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and petroleum-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonos sp. NKNU01). Furthermore, physiological characteristics, such as photosynthesis rate and maximal photochemical yield, of all testing plants were also measured in order to assess their health conditions and tolerance levels in adverse environment. After 20 months of remedial practice, the results showed that bio-phytoremediation practice had a higher rate of TPH removal efficacy at 30-60 cm depth soil than that of phytoremediation. However, inconsistent results were discovered while analyzing the soil at 100 cm depth. The study also showed that the removal efficiency of heavy metals was lower than that of TPH after remediation treatment. The results from test field tissue sample analysis revealed that more Zinc than Chromium was absorbed and accumulated by the tested plants. Plant height measurements of Poplar and Sun Hemp showed that there were insignificant differences of growth between the plants in remediation plots and those in the control plot. Physiological data of Poplar also suggested it has higher tolerance level toward the contaminated soils. These results indicated that the two testing plants were healthy and suitable for this remediation study.
Lead nephropathy: In vivo x ray fluorescence (XRF) for assessing body lead stores (1986)

The EDTA lead mobilization test has proven of value in the diagnosis of renal disease due to lead (lead nephropathy) but is unsuitable for large scale studies in patients with end-stage renal disease. A rapid, safe, non-invasive technique for determining body lead stores by in vivo tibial x ray fluorescence (XRF) is described. These studies show that the chelation test can be replaced by in vivo XRF in patients with end-stage renal disease. XRF, for the first time, will permit epidemiologic studies of large populations which may be at risk for lead nephropathy from excessive exposure to environmental lead. 15 refs., 2 figs.
Synthetic Studies on Eriolanin: 1,2-Carbonyl Transpositions of cis-Bisyclo[4.2.0]octanone via Enol Thioether Foemation (1987)

1.2-Carbonyl transposition o f cis-fused cyclobutanone is demonstrated by means of two procedures(method A and method Bl.This relatively short sequencelmethod Bl provides e new and convenient method for conversion o f carbonyi group in the entitled rlng system. Dichiorocyciobutanones,readily available by dichioroketene cycioadditions to oieflnsl are extremely useful intermediates in organic synthesis.'In a continuation of our work directed toward the synthesis o f an antitumor sesquiterpene, eriolanin i3, we required a concise and general method far 1 .2carbonyl transposition [ 2-3 I in cis-blcyciol4.2.01octsnone system. 1While previous works an v a r i o u s aspects o f csrbonyi transposltlon have been reported, methods to transpose the carbonyl group of ketones a r e iacking4in the entitled rlng fusion.We now report the two different methods A and B o n 1,2-carbonyl transposition, which provided enoi thloethers 8 o r 14 respectively a s intermediates for cyclobutanones.Treatment o f 4 with lithium b ~s I t r i m e t h y I s ~i y i l a m l d e in tetrahydrofuran(THF) at -78'C to O'C for 1.5 h followed by additlon of diphenyldisuifide(2.5 e G i v ) 5 in hexamethyiphospharic t r l a m i d e I W A ) at O°C for 14 h gave bis(phenylthio1cyclobutanones 5a and 5b in a 4:l ratio in 90% yield.
Syntheses and Structures of the Trinuclear Ruthenium Complexes [RuCl<sub>2</sub>(PAd<sub>2</sub>Bu)]<sub>3</sub>and [RuCl<sub>2</sub>(P<i><sup>t</sup></i>Bu<sub>2</sub>Cy)]<sub>3</sub> (2005)

The trinuclear ruthenium complexes [RuCl2-(PAd2Bu)]3 and [RuCl2(PtBu2Cy)]3 have been obtained by reaction of [(cymene)RuCl2]2 with 2 equiv of the respective phosphine. Crystallographic analyses show that the three metal fragments are connected by strong Ru−Ru bonds and bridging chloro ligands.
PPZ 6: "Welcome" Worktape (1995)

Eight tracks (migrated from ADAT to an 8-track WAV file) recorded by Team Fat on ADAT tape for the song "Welcome," featured in the game "Putt-Putt Saves the Zoo."
Evaluation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Response to Antibiotic Treatment by Use of Raman Spectroscopy with Laser Tweezers (2010)

Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the cellular response of Escherichia coli cells to penicillin G-streptomycin and cefazolin. Time-dependent intensity changes of several Raman peaks at 729, 1,245, and 1,660 cm(-1) enabled untreated cells and cells treated with the different antibiotic drugs to be distinguished.
Syntheses of Imidazoisoquinoline Derivatives. VI (1951)

With the same objective as the previous report, 9, 10-dimethoxy-3-isonicotinyl-5, 6-dihydrobenzoglyoxalocoline was prepared. This was a syrupy substance and difficult to purify that it was confirmed as its picrate. Its hydrochloride was also difficult to purify because of its highly hygroscopic nature and, therefore, 0.8% aqueous solution of this caramel-like, crude hydrochloride was used for physiological tests.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Domain Inducers Promote Phospholipid Transverse Redistribution in Biological Membranes (2000)

Transmembrane phospholipid redistribution (scrambling), leading to exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, plays a physiological role to induce platelet procoagulant activity and clearance of injured or apoptotic cells. Scrambling is generally attributed to an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) and would be mediated by a protein (scramblase), whose activity could be modulated by cofactors. We reported previously that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is a positive regulator of Ca(2+)-induced scrambling. We show here, using inside-out vesicles from erythrocyte membranes, that a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, which interacts with high affinity with PIP(2), inhibited Ca(2+)-induced scrambling, confirming the role of PIP(2). As Ca(2+) is known to interact with PIP(2) and to promote the formation of lateral domains of acidic phospholipids in membranes, we investigated whether PIP(2) domain formation could be involved in scrambling. Spermine, polylysine, and MARCKS (151-175) peptide caused scrambling in parallel to their reported ability to form domains of acidic phospholipids, including PIP(2). Similarly, neomycine, another PIP(2)-interacting polycation, induced scrambling. A PIP(2) antibody was also found to induce scrambling, presumably by a similar mechanism, since phospholipid antibodies are known to promote phospholipid capping. In conclusion, Ca(2+) is not the sole inducer of scrambling, and formation of PIP(2) domains could play a critical role in this process.
Characterization of the Interactions between the Bacteriophage T4 AsiA Protein and RNA Polymerase (2003)

The anti-sigma factor AsiA effects a change in promoter specificity of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase via interactions with two conserved regions of the sigma(70) subunit, denoted 4.1 and 4.2. Free AsiA is a symmetrical homodimer. Here, we show that AsiA is monomeric when bound to sigma(70) and that a subset of the residues that contribute to the homodimer interface also contributes to the interface with sigma(70). AsiA interacts primarily with C-terminal sections of regions 4.1 and 4.2, which show remarkable sequence similarity. An AsiA monomer can simultaneously, and apparently cooperatively, bind both isolated regions 4.1 and 4.2 at preferred, distinct subsites, whereas region 4.1 alone or region 4.2 alone can interact with either subsite. These results suggest structural and functional plasticity in the interaction of AsiA with sigma(70) and support the notion of discrete roles for regions 4.1 and 4.2 in transcription regulation by AsiA. Furthermore, we show that AsiA inhibits recognition of the -35 consensus promoter element by region 4 of sigma(70) indirectly, as the residues on region 4 responsible for AsiA binding are distinct from those involved in DNA binding. Finally, we show that AsiA must directly disrupt the interaction of region 4 with the RNA polymerase beta subunit flap domain, resulting in a distance change between region 2 and region 4 of sigma(70). Thus, a new paradigm for transcription regulation by AsiA is emerging, whereby the distance between the DNA binding domains in sigma(70) is regulated, and promoter recognition specificity is modulated, by mediating the interactions of the sigma region 4 with the beta subunit flap domain.
Flexible and Multi-Functional Graphene Sensor Platform (2019)

This paper presents a flexible, printed and robust sensor platform for the detection of various parameters: strain, flow speed, pressure, conductivity, temperature and magnetic field. The sensors are based on Laser-Induced Graphene fabricated by laser printing on Kapton substrate. Multi-functionality is obtained by exploiting printing process combined with the flexible nature of Kapton and the piezoresistivity of Graphene. Sensor have been implemented for the detection of strain, flow speeds, forces pressure, salinity and magnetic field. Their sensitivity and dynamic range can be tailored via the substrate and laser printing design. A robust and reliable operation was obtained during underwater experiments in the Red Sea.
Extracting Quantitative Parameters From a Mathematical Model Fitted to Renal Artery Blood Flow Data obtained by Magnetic Resonance Angiography (2006)

Extracting quantitative parameters from a mathematical model fitted to renal artery blood flow data obtained by magnetic resonance angiography
The development of new brain tumor therapy utilizing the local and sustained delivery of chemotherapeutic agents from biodegradable polymers (1999)

The local delivery of 5-fluorouracil by polymeric microspheres is a safe method with which to achieve sustained concentrations of a chemotherapeutic agent in the brain. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of drug-loaded microspheres as radiosensitizers and antitumor agents. See also pages 325–30.
Kinetics of static and diffusive electron transfer between zinc-substituted cytochrome c and plastocyanin. Indications of nonelectrostatic interactions between highly charged metalloproteins (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of static and diffusive electron transfer between zinc-substituted cytochrome c and plastocyanin. Indications of nonelectrostatic interactions between highly charged metalloproteinsJian S. Zhou and Nenad M. KosticCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6067–6073Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Study on spectral characteristic of dissolved organic matter fractions extracted from municipal solid waste landfill leachate]. (2008)

In the present study, the samples of landfill leachate of 0, 5, 10-year-old were respectively taken from landfill plant. Based on a modified Leenheer fractionation scheme, dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from landfill leachate of three different ages was fractioned according to their polarities and charge characteristics by using XAD-8 resin, and the fractions of hydrophobic acid (HOA), neutral (HON) and hydrophilic matter (HIM) were obtained, Then the fluorescence and UV spectra of DOM fractions were determined. The fluorescence synchronous scan spectra of DOM fractions exhibited a primary peak at 280 nm for 0-year-old, while the primary peak exhibited at 340nm for 5 and 10 year-old, suggesting that DOM fractions contained mainly protein-like matter at initial stage of landfill, and with the increase in landfill ages, aromatic structures of DOM fractions in leachate were enriched. Among the DOM fractions of HOA, HON and HIM at different ages of landfill leachate, the fluorescence and UV spectra all indicated that the molecular weight, content of aromatic compounds and degree of condensation were all in the order of HOA>HON>HIM. The ratio of UV absorbance at 253 nm to that at 203 nm (A253/A203) showed, that the substituent on the aromatic ring of HOA and HON fractions consisted mainly of carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl; while that of HIM consisted of aliphatic chains, and the content of aromatic compounds was lower than that of HOA and HON; which implied that the HIM displayed a lower molecular weight and simpler structure compared to HOA and HON. Altogether, the results obtained from fluorescence and UV spectra indicate that the degree of aromatization increased in DOM fractions of leachate with the landfill ages, in the following order: HOA > HON > HIM.
Study of insulator traps in InSb InSb/SiOx/Metal devices (2010)

In this study we investigated traps in InSb/SiOx/Metal structure. In particular, emphasis was given to various methods of charging and discharging the interfaces and SiOx layers by thermal-bias-stress. It is shown that the widely used capacitance-voltage profiling is insensitive to trap energies. Thus additional, complementary methods, such as thermally stimulated discharge were adopted and used to deepen the understanding. It is proposed that the traps in the passivation layer are charged by dc leakage current, and that the distribution of trap energies is not uniform. Furthermore, we report here methods that were developed to charge and discharge specific trap levels selectively.
Atomistic Characterization of Stochastic Cavitation of a Binary Metallic Liquid under Negative Pressure (2011)

We demonstrate the stochastic nature of cavitation in a binary metallic liquid Cu46Zr54 during hydrostatic expansion by employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a quantum mechanics (QM)-derived potential. The activation volume is obtained from MD simulations and transition-state theory. Extrapolation of the pressure dependence of the activation volume from our MD simulations to low tensile pressure agrees remarkably with macroscale cavitation experiments. We find that classical nucleation theory can predict the cavitation rate if we incorporate the Tolman length derived from the MD simulations.
Hydrophobic interactions via mutants of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase: separation of binding and catalysis (1989)

The strictly conserved residue leucine-54 of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase forms part of the hydrophobic wall which binds the p-aminobenzoyl side chain of dihydrofolate. In addition to the previously reported glycine-54 mutant, isoleucine-54 and asparagine-54 substitutions have been constructed and characterized with regard to their effects on binding and catalysis. NADP+ and NADPH binding is virtually unaffected with the exception of a 15-fold decrease in NADPH dissociation from the Gly-54 mutant. The synergistic effect of NADPH on tetrahydrofolate dissociation seen in the wild-type enzyme is lost in the isoleucine-54 mutant: little acceleration is seen in tetrahydrofolate dissociation when cofactor is bound, and there is no discrimination between reduced and oxidized cofactor. The dissociation constants for dihydrofolate and methotrexate increase in the order Leu less than Ile less than Asn less than Gly, varying by a maximum factor of 1700 for dihydrofolate and 6300 for methotrexate. Despite these large changes in binding affinity, the hydride transfer rate of 950 s-1 in the wild-type enzyme is decreased by a constant factor of ca. 30 (2 kcal/mol) regardless of the mutant. Thus, the contributions of residue 54 to binding and catalysis appear to have been separated.