gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subunit Heterogeneity of Cytoplasmic Dynein: Differential Expression of 14 kDa Dynein Light Chains in Rat Hippocampus (2001)

Cytoplasmic dynein is a multi-subunit protein complex in which each subunit is encoded by a few genes. How these subunit isoforms are assembled and regulated to mediate the diverse functions of cytoplasmic dynein is unknown. We previously have shown that two highly conserved 14 kDa dynein light chains, Tctex-1 and RP3, have different cargo-binding abilities. In this report, coimmunoprecipitation revealed that Tctex-1 and RP3 were present in mutually exclusive dynein complexes of brain. Two specific antibodies were used to examine the localization of these two dynein light chains in adult rat hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex. By light microscopy, Tctex-1 and RP3 immunoreactivities exhibited distinct and almost complementary distribution patterns in both brain regions. In hippocampal formation, Tctex-1 immunoreactivity was most enriched in somata of newly generated granule cells and scant in the mature granule and pyramidal cell somata. In contrast, RP3 immunoreactivity was abundant in pyramidal and granule cell somata. Ultrastructural analysis of the dentate gyrus revealed both dynein light chains were associated with various membranous organelles that often were affiliated with microtubules. In addition, Tctex-1 and RP3 immunoreactivities were preferentially and highly enriched on membranous organelles and/or vesicles of axon terminals and dendritic spines, respectively. These results suggest that dynein complexes with different subunit composition, and possibly function, are expressed differentially in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. Furthermore, Tctex-1 and RP3 may play important roles in synaptic functions.
China: Weighing the costs (2004)

When the United States abandons arms control, the whole world loses opportunities for greater security and economic growth.
Reaction of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase with synthetic micellar complexes of apolipoprotein A-I, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. (1982)

Micellar, discoidal complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) with phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol, prepared by the method described in the preceding paper (Matz, C. M., and Jonas, A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4535-4540), were used as substrates for human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, purified 10,000-fold. The micellar complexes of apo A-I.egg yolk-phosphatidylcholine.cholesterol were compared to commonly used substrates of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, consisting of small unilamellar vesicles of egg yolk-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in the presence of apo A-I. Under identical reaction conditions, the micellar complexes had 4- to 5-fold higher initial velocities and 3-fold greater capacities for cholesterol esters than did the corresponding vesicular substrates. Micellar complexes, labeled with 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl fluorescent groups in the apolipoprotein, were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. After reaction with lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, they had a shorter rotational relaxation time (290 ns) and smaller Stokes radius (47 A) than the unreacted complexes (530 ns and 57 A, respectively). The characteristic stacked, discoidal particles observed on electron micrographs of negatively stained micellar, unreacted complexes disappeared after enzymatic reaction and were replaced by structures with spheroidal shapes.
Value-added recycling of domestic, industrial and construction arisings as concrete aggregate (2004)

The introduction of recycled and secondary aggregates to encourage adoption of a more sustainable route for construction industry is discussed. The largest stream of recyclable materials are those construction, demolition and excavation wastes which can be crushed and processed to create recycled aggregates. The aggregates are defined in two classes, namely, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled aggregate (RA) where RCA can be regarded as a subdivision of RA. It has been shown that construction arisings can provide a valuable resource and may be used to generate sustainable construction, reduce waste disposal costs and minimise dependency on landfill.
Reverse Nearest Neighbor Search in Metric Spaces (2006)

Given a set {\cal D} of objects, a reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query returns the objects o in {\cal D} such that o is closer to a query object q than to any other object in {\cal D}, according to a certain similarity metric. The existing RNN solutions are not sufficient because they either 1) rely on precomputed information that is expensive to maintain in the presence of updates or 2) are applicable only when the data consists of "Euclidean objects” and similarity is measured using the L_2 norm. In this paper, we present the first algorithms for efficient RNN search in generic metric spaces. Our techniques require no detailed representations of objects, and can be applied as long as their mutual distances can be computed and the distance metric satisfies the triangle inequality. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods with extensive experiments.
Rapid Deposition of Extensin during the Elicitation of Grapevine Callus Cultures Is Specifically Catalyzed by a 40-Kilodalton Peroxidase (2001)

Elicitation or peroxide stimulation of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv Touriga) vine callus cultures results in the rapid and selective in situ insolubilization of an abundant and ionically bound cell wall protein-denominated GvP1. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization/time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis, the amino acid composition, and the N-terminal sequence of purified GvP1 identified it as an 89.9-kD extensin. Analysis of cell walls following the in situ insolubilization of GvP1 indicates large and specific increases in the major amino acids of GvP1 as compared with the amino acids present in salt-eluted cell walls. We calculate that following deposition, covalently bound GvP1 contributes up to 4% to 5% of the cell wall dry weight. The deposition of GvP1 in situ requires peroxide and endogenous peroxidase activity. Isoelectric focusing of saline eluates of callus revealed only a few basic peroxidases that were all isolated or purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. In vitro and in situ assays of extensin cross-linking activity using GvP1 and peroxidases showed that a 40-kD peroxidase cross-linked GvP1 within minutes, whereas other grapevine peroxidases had no significant activity with GvP1. Internal peptide sequences indicated this extensin peroxidase (EP) is a member of the class III peroxidases. We conclude that we have identified and purified an EP from grapevine callus that is responsible for the catalysis of GvP1 deposition in situ during elicitation. Our results suggest that GvP1 and this EP play an important combined role in grapevine cell wall defense.
Changing Brain Networks for Visuomotor Control With Increased Movement Automaticity (2004)

Learning a motor skill is associated with changes in patterns of brain activation with movement. Here we have further characterized these dynamics during fast (short-term) learning of a visuomotor skill using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects (n = 15) were studied as they learned to visually track a moving target by varying the isometric force applied to a pressure plate held in the right hand. Learning was confirmed by demonstration of improved performance and automaticity (the relative lack of need for conscious attention during task execution). We identified two distinct, time-dependent patterns of functional changes in the brain associated with these behavioral changes. An initial, more attentionally demanding stage of learning was associated with the greatest relative activity in widely distributed, predominantly cortical regions including prefrontal, bilateral sensorimotor, and parietal cortices. The caudate nucleus and ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere also showed significant activity. Over time, as performance improved, activity in these regions progressively decreased. There was an increase in activity in subcortical motor regions including that of the cerebellar dentate and the thalamus and putamen. Short-term motor-skill learning thus is associated with a progressive reduction of widely distributed activations in cortical regions responsible for executive functions, processing somatosensory feedback and motor planning. The results suggest that early performance gains rely strongly on prefrontal-caudate interactions with later increased activity in a subcortical circuit involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia as the task becomes more automatic. Characterization of these changes provides a potential tool for functional "dissection" of pathologies of movement and motor learning.
Synchronous Wearable Wireless Body Sensor Network Composed of Autonomous Textile Nodes (2014)

A novel, fully-autonomous, wearable, wireless sensor network is presented, where each flexible textile node performs cooperative synchronous acquisition and distributed event detection. Computationally efficient situational-awareness algorithms are implemented on the low-power microcontroller present on each flexible node. The detected events are wirelessly transmitted to a base station, directly, as well as forwarded by other on-body nodes. For each node, a dual-polarized textile patch antenna serves as a platform for the flexible electronic circuitry. Therefore, the system is particularly suitable for comfortable and unobtrusive integration into garments. In the meantime, polarization diversity can be exploited to improve the reliability and energy-efficiency of the wireless transmission. Extensive experiments in realistic conditions have demonstrated that this new autonomous, body-centric, textile-antenna, wireless sensor network is able to correctly detect different operating conditions of a firefighter during an intervention. By relying on four network nodes integrated into the protective garment, this functionality is implemented locally, on the body, and in real time. In addition, the received sensor data are reliably transferred to a central access point at the command post, for more detailed and more comprehensive real-time visualization. This information provides coordinators and commanders with situational awareness of the entire rescue operation. A statistical analysis of measured on-body node-to-node, as well as off-body person-to-person channels is included, confirming the reliability of the communication system.
Effects of brand trust, perceived fit and consumer innovativeness on fashion brand extension evaluation (2014)

This study explored the effects of brand trust, perceived fit, and consumer innovativeness on the overall evaluation of vertical and horizontal extensions for fashion brands. Data were collected from 187 female consumers aged 18 or older who were familiar with Giorgio Armani, the parent brand chosen for this study. Regression results showed that brand trust was a positive predictor of the overall evaluations of both vertical and horizontal extensions, whereas consumer innovativeness was a negative predictor of the overall evaluations of both extensions. Perceived fit exerted a negative impact on the evaluation for vertical extension but had a positive impact on the evaluation of horizontal extension. Perceived fit also moderated the relationship between brand trust and extension evaluation for both vertical and horizontal extensions. Further, perceived fit was a significant moderator for the relationship between consumer innovativeness and vertical extension evaluation. Implications for future research and limitations were also discussed.
Leaching of Heavy Metals from an Aquatic Plant (<i>Lagarosiphon Major</i>) used as Environmental Biomonitor by Ultrasonic Extraction (1998)

Abstract Ultrasound energy by means of a probe sonicator was used for leaching metal ions from plant tissue as a possible alternative to conventional digestion methods. The extraction conditions (composition of the extractant agent, sonication power and time and extraction steps) were optimised for copper, lead, manganese and zinc in an aquatic plant with certified metal contents (BCR N° 60 Lagarosiphon major). Metal determination in the extracts was carried out by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Quantitative recoveries performing two extractions (ranging from 97.6% to 100%) were obtained for all the studied elements except for copper (74.18%). A good precision was also obtained, given that RSD were always lower than 2.5%. Key Words: Metal leachingaquatic plantflame atomic absorption spectrometrycopperleadmanganesezinc
Fifty Years of the Japan Medical Library Association and Myself (1982)

The paper describes how the author became interested in medical libraries in the University of Tokyo and later in the 50 years' development of the Japan Medical Library Association (JMLA) of which he became president later. After the World War II, the Association suffered various difficulties as the country under occupation. During that period JMLA was much indebted to the Public Health and Welfare Section (PHW) of the Occupation Army, who kindly donated to JMLA member libraries a large number of medical books and periodicals published during the war. Moreover, free photocopy service of medical articles not available in Japan was offered by the Army Medical Library (AML). Mr. Joseph Groesbeck of AML was dispatched in 1948 and played an active part in this matter. In the same period the president and executives of the American Medical Association (AMA) came to Japan and built up a firm partnership. As the result the American physicians sent to JMLA a great number of used medical journals. In 1950, PHW sent the author to U.S.A. as a member of the Japanese national leader group. As a result friendly contributions were made from U. S. A. to JMLA. A new central medical library was established in the University of Tokyo in November 1961. One half of the total sum of expenditure was donated by the China Medical Board (CMB). This became a model of contemporary medical libraries-in Japanese universities. The author played a role in the negotiation with CMB in this matter. He became the first president of the new Medical Library. In the next year the author retired due to the age limit and in October of the same year also retired from the presidency of JMLA he had served since 1955. In June 1963, seven librarians attended the second International Congress of Medical Librarianship and the author acted as their leader. The travel expense and entry fees was officially supported by U. S. A. authorities. In closing the author stresses the important role in the future of medical library activities in Japan.
El Código de Hammurabi (1999)

«... De hecho, antes de la llegada de Hammurabi al poder, eran los sacerdotes del dios Samash los que ejercian como jueces pero Hammurabi establecio que fueran funcionarios de l rey quienes realizaran esta trabajo, mermando asi el poder de los sacerdotes y fortaleciendo el del propio monarca.».
Cram&#x00E9;r-Rao bound for Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Weighted Imaging fitting (2013)

The precision of parameter estimation for Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI) was investigated by examining their Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs) under the presence of Rician noise. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was also conducted to validate the CRB results. The estimation uncertainties of true diffusion coefficient (D) and perfusion fraction (f0) could reach 3.89% and 11.65% respectively with typical parameter values at a moderate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 40. However, to estimate pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*) within 10% uncertainty requires SNR>122. The results also showed that the estimation precision of each parameter is not only dependent on SNR but also their true values, while this mutual dependency is complicated. Under some particular cases, estimation uncertainty for certain parameters might be smaller than 5% at a moderate SNR of 40. However, the simultaneous precise estimation for all three parameters is theoretically difficult and highly SNR demanding.
Support in a time of need. The team approach at Mercy Medical Hospice addresses medical, emotional, and spiritual needs. (1991)

Mercy Medical Hospice, Daphne, AL, uses an interdisciplinary team approach, which includes medical, nursing, social work, pastoral care, pharmacy, therapies, volunteer, and bereavement services. Mercy Medical has two home care offices and offers inpatient respite care for short periods, which is helpful for those who have an inadequate care giver system or need time to work out a better alternative to care in the home. An assessment of medical and nursing care needs, mental and emotional state, and psychological and spiritual needs is the first step after patients enter hospice. The entire team develops a care plan for the patient and family. Among the issues they address are education about the disease process, medication for pain control and symptom management, and how the patient and family cope with the patient's imminent death. Working with the dying and their families can be stressful for staff members, and they offer each other a lot of support. Working in hospice requires good stress management techniques, but staff feel that it is a calling that enriches their lives.
Recent Warming of Lake Kivu (2014)

Lake Kivu in East Africa has gained notoriety for its prodigious amounts of dissolved methane and dangers of limnic eruption. Being meromictic, it is also expected to accumulate heat due to rising regional air temperatures. To investigate the warming trend and distinguish between atmospheric and geothermal heating sources, we compiled historical temperature data, performed measurements with logging instruments, and simulated heat propagation. We also performed isotopic analyses of water from the lake's main basin and isolated Kabuno Bay. The results reveal that the lake surface is warming at the rate of 0.12°C per decade, which matches the warming rates in other East African lakes. Temperatures increase throughout the entire water column. Though warming is strongest near the surface, warming rates in the deep waters cannot be accounted for solely by propagation of atmospheric heat at presently assumed rates of vertical mixing. Unless the transport rates are significantly higher than presently believed, this indicates significant contributions from subterranean heat sources. Temperature time series in the deep monimolimnion suggest evidence of convection. The progressive deepening of the depth of temperature minimum in the water column is expected to accelerate the warming in deeper waters. The warming trend, however, is unlikely to strongly affect the physical stability of the lake, which depends primarily on salinity gradient.
Pulse transit time and heart rate variability in sleep staging (2016)

This paper presents a new and robust algorithm for detection of sleep stages by using the lead I of the Electrocardiography (ECG) and a fingertip Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor, validated using multiple overnight PSG recordings consisting of 20 human subjects (9 insomniac and 11 healthy). Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) biomarkers which were extracted from ECG and PPG biosignals then employed to extract features. Distance Weighted k-Nearest Neighbours (DWk-NN) was used as classifier to differentiate sleep epochs. The validation of the algorithm was evaluated by Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation method. The average accuracy of 73.4% with standard deviation of 6.4 was achieved while the algorithm could distinguish stages 2, 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep by average sensitivity of almost 80%. The lowest mean sensitivity of 53% was for stage 1. These results demonstrate that an algorithm based on PTT and HRV spectral analysis is able to classify and distinguish sleep stages with high accuracy and sensitivity. In addition the proposed algorithm is capable to be improved and implemented as a wearable, comfortable and cheap instrument for sleep screening.
Real-Time Object Tracking and Classification Using a Static Came ra (2009)

The DiversiLab™ rep-PCR system was used to amplify DNA regions of 28 well-characterized Escherichia coli O104 strains to generate a digital DNA fingerprint profile for strain differentiation. E. coli O104 strains from human stools and other sources were examined. The results indicate that this system can cluster similar O104 strains rapidly.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biological Membranes at High Spatial Resolution (2012)

Characterization of the distributions of specific proteins and lipids within cellular membranes is currently a major challenge. Advances in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) now enable the distributions of isotopically labeled lipids within cellular or model membranes to be imaged with chemical specificity and high (≥50 nm) lateral resolution. Here, methods to image the distributions of sphingolipids within the membranes of intact cells with a Cameca NanoSIMS are described. For NanoSIMS detection, the incorporation of distinct stable isotopes into the lipid species of interest is essential. Metabolic labeling, cell preservation, imaging conditions, and data analysis are critical factors. The methods and principles described here can be extended to studying other membrane lipids or cholesterol.
p16(INK4a) lesions are common, early abnormalities that undergo clonal expansion in Barrett's metaplastic epithelium. (2001)

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, a cancer of which the incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate in Western countries. p16(INK4a) lesions occur frequently in esophageal adenocarcinomas but their role in neoplastic progression is not well understood. We detected 9p21 loss of heterozygosity, p16 CpG island methylation, and p16 mutations in biopsies from 57%, 61%, and 15%, respectively, of 107 patients with BE. In contrast, no mutations were found in p14(ARF) or p15, and methylation was found in only 4% and 13%, respectively. >85% of Barrett's segments had clones with one (p16+/-) or two (p16-/-) p16 lesions. Both p16+/- and p16-/- clones underwent extensive expansion involving up to 17 cm of esophageal mucosa. The prevalence of established biomarkers in BE, such as 17p (p53) loss of heterozygosity, aneuploidy, and/or increased 4N (tetraploid) populations, increased from 0% to 20% to 44% in patients whose biopsies were p16+/+, p16+/-, and p16-/-, respectively (P < 0.001). Barrett's segment lengths also increased with change in p16 status with a median of 1.5, 6.0, and 8.0 cm for patients with p16+/+, p16+/-, and p16-/- biopsies, respectively (P < 0.001). We conclude that most Barrett's metaplasia contains genetic and/or epigenetic p16 lesions and has the ability to undergo clonal expansion, creating a field in which other abnormalities can arise that can lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Evolutionary Theories (2018)

The Darwinian theory of evolution states that changes in heritable variability are directed towards adaptive fitness by natural selection. This theory has provided archaeology with both the means to investigate human evolution and the logic by which to analyze the development of material cultural traditions. It is also an evolutionary theory that has recently been questioned by treating organisms, populations, and ecologies as developmental systems. One result of this has been to see living systems as symbiotic processes, a development in evolutionary theory that works against the intellectual dichotomy separating the biological and the social sciences.