gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an Interferon-Based Cancer Vaccine Protocol (2005)

A protocol for the development of cancer vaccines is presented. The protocol is based upon the long-term in vitro treatment of cancer cells with interferon (IFN)-alpha to create cancer vaccine cells. This protocol has been used to develop cancer vaccines in mice against B16 melanoma, RM-1 prostate cancer, and P388 lymphocytic leukemia. A detailed description of the protocol is presented. Important considerations that are discussed include the method of selection of potential cancer vaccine cells that would make good models for cancer vaccines for human cancers, the effects of in vitro IFN-alpha treatment concentration on the efficacy of generated cancer vaccine cells, the differential ability of cancer cells to become efficacious cancer vaccine cells in response to IFN-alpha treatment, the determination of the effectiveness of ultraviolet-light killing of various cancer cell types for generating cancer vaccine cells, and the methods of evaluation of statistical significance of the data obtained. Potential problems also are addressed.
Prognostic Value of Very Low Plasma Concentrations of Troponin T in Patients With Stable Chronic Heart Failure (2007)

In this large population of patients with HF, detectable cTnT predicts adverse outcomes in chronic HF. By the highly sensitive assay, troponin T retains a prognostic value at previously undetectable concentrations.
A Proposal for Hybrid Memristor-CMOS Spiking Neuromorphic Learning Systems (2013)

Recent research in nanotechnology has led to the practical realization of nanoscale devices that behave as memristors, a device that was postulated in the seventies by Chua based on circuit theoretical reasonings. On the other hand, neuromorphic engineering, a discipline that implements physical artifacts based on neuroscience knowledge, has related neural learning mechanisms to the operation of memristors. As a result, neuro-inspired learning architectures can be proposed that exploit nanoscale memristors for building very large scale systems with very dense synaptic-like memory elements. At present, the deep understanding of the internal mechanisms governing memristor operation is still an open issue, and the practical realization of very large scale and reliable ?memristive fabric? for neural learning applications is not a reality yet. However, in the meantime, researchers are proposing and analyzing potential circuit architectures that would combine a standard CMOS substrate with a memristive nanoscale fabric on top to realize hybrid memristor-CMOS neural learning systems. The focus of this paper is on one such architecture for implementing the very well established Spike-Timing-Dependent-Plasticity (STDP) learning mechanism found in biology. In this paper we quickly review spiking neural systems, STDP learning, and memristors, and propose a hybrid memristor-CMOS system architecture with the potential of implementing a large scale STDP learning spiking neural system. Such architecture would eventually allow to implement real-time brain-like processing learning systems with about neurons and synapses on one single Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
Defect profiles in ion-irradiated metal samples by slow positron beams in comparison with simulation profiles (2011)

Metal (Fe and Ni) samples ion-irradiated at 100 – 773 K were characterized by Doppler broadening measurements with slow positron beams to investigate depth profiles of irradiation-induced defects. Obtained results were compared with defect profiles calculated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Defects profiles obtained by positron measurements were always deeper than those by the simulation. The difference between measured and simulated profiles was observed even in the case of the Fe sample irradiated at 100 K where vacancies are immobile. The origin of such differences was discussed with respect to vacancy diffusion, depth calculation, surface contamination and ion channeling.
Visualizing human motor activity by using non-invasive optical topography. (1996)

To visualize the spatial and temporal hemodynamic changes in the cortex associated with human cortical activity, a 12-channel non-invasive optical topography (NOT) measurement system has been developed. This NOT system, which is based on near-infrared light spectroscopy, can visualize changes in the oxygenation states of human tissue. The hemodynamic changes caused by human motor activity were measured and analyzed using NOT. Five subjects randomly performed unilateral finger opposition during 30 s for motor activation. When the subjects performed contralateral (right) finger movement, significant increases in oxygenated and total hemoglobin were observed around the motor cortex in the left fronto-central region. Significant differences in the hemodynamic changes were observed in four of the five subjects between for contralateral (right) and ipsilateral (left) finger movement around the motor cortex.
S1735 Over-Expression of the Endogenous Prion Protein (PrpC) Attenuates Experimentally-Induced Colitis (2010)

DSS-induced histopathology of individual (or aggregate) scores for inflammation, crypt damage, ulcerations indicates less mucosal damage in A3AR mice than WT (p<0.01). A3 AR mice are resistant to developing colitis. At 3% DSS A3AR mice lose 5% body-weight compared to 20% in WT and recover faster (p<0.01); at 1.5%, A3AR prevents weight-loss (p<0.05). There is a 2-fold reduction in MPO in A3AR mice (p<0.001); it prevented increase in CD4+ T-cells in lamina propria (p=0.009) and attenuated DSS-induced changes in colon length/weight ratio (p<0.01). There is lower incidence of occult-blood and diarrhea in A3 AR-treated mice (p<0.03; p=0.001). Conclusions: The A3AR modulates colonic motility and evacuation. Disruption of A3AR protects against colitis suggesting activation of A3AR by endogenous adenosine may be injurious in DSS-colitis. The A3AR mechanism is unknown (NIH DK 44179,ARRA-3R01 DK044179-14S).
ChemInform Abstract: Flavone‐3‐carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Related Compounds from β‐Chloroarylidenemalonates. (1988)

Abstract The chloromalonates (I) are coupled with the phenols (II) to give the arylphenoxymethylenemalonates (III).
Identification of a genetic locus, Rsm-1, controlling protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni. (1986)

Mice of most inbred strains develop moderate to high levels of resistance to challenge infection on vaccination with radiation-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. P strain mice, however, fail to display significant protective immunity after exposure to the same vaccine. To examine the genetic basis of this polymorphism in host immunity, vaccine-induced resistance was examined in (C57/BL6J X P/N)F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross generations. The defective immunity which characterizes the P strain parent was found to be inherited in a fully recessive manner and to be controlled by a single genetic locus, which we have designated Rsm-1. Linkage analyses revealed that Rsm-1 is not genetically associated with the major histocompatibility complex (chromosome 17), the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (chromosome 12), or a single locus influencing defective anti-schistosomulum IgM antibody responses in the P parental stock. These data provide the first example of single gene control of vaccine-induced immunity against a helminth infection. Because P mice are also defective in their capacity to develop tumoricidal macrophages and in their immunity to Leishmania major, genes encoded by the Rsm-1 locus may play a general role in resistance to infection and malignancy.
Incidence of herpes infection of the uterine cervix observed in cytologic specimens in the Tokyo metropolitan area. (1985)

In a high-volume cytology laboratory in the metropolitan Tokyo area, the incidence of cytologically diagnosed herpes infection in cervical scraping smears of the female genital tract was studied according to the year-by-year changes, age distribution, seasonal variation and types of cytologic alteration. The overall incidence over the 12 years studied was 0.007% (87 cases among 1,230,773 examined). The incidence varied from 0.003% to 0.005% in the early 1970s (except for 1973) and increased to 0.011% in the last three years (1980 to 1982). A large increase was noted in younger age groups in comparison with middle and older age groups. There was a tendency for the infection rate to be higher in the spring (0.011%) and lower in the fall (0.005%). Multinucleation and a ground-glass appearance were observed in the infected cells in almost every case while eosinophilic inclusion bodies were found in 20.7% of the cases.
Are Lesions Induced by Ionizing Radiation Direct Blocks to DNA Chain Elongation? (1983)

Ionizing radiation blocks DNA chain elongation in normal diploid fibroblasts but not in fibroblasts from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, even though there are no differences in the damage induced between the two cell types. This difference suggests that radiation-induced lesions in DNA are not themselves blocks to chain elongation in ataxia cells and raises the possibility that in normal cells a mediator exists between DNA damage and chain termination.
Low-cost, multiplexed biosensor for disease diagnosis (2009)

Cost-effective disease diagnosis in resource-limited settings remains a critical global health challenge. Qualitative rapid tests based on lateral flow technology provide valuable screening information, but require relatively expensive confirmatory tests and generally lack quantitation. We report on a fluorescence technology that combines low cost instrumented readout with passive pumping in a disposable cartridge. The detection system utilizes a novel waveguide illumination approach in conjunction with commercial CMOS imagers. Total instrument cost in production are projected to be around $100 This cost structure and instrument ease of use will enable use in point-of-care settings, outside of centralized laboratories. The system has been used for detection and analysis of proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells. Here we will report first on our development of a multiplexed, array-based serology assay for HIV and common AIDS co-infections. Data will be presented for HIV/HCV antibody testing in human serum samples. In addition, we will present data on the use of the system for sensitive detection of bacterial RNA. Current detection limit for the model multiplexed RNA sandwich assay is 1 femtomolar target RNA. Finally, a high magnification version of the system is used to image immunostained human T cells.
A novel modulation scheme for noise reduction in analog fiber optic links (2005)

A novel noise reduction scheme called Balanced Modulation and Detection (BMD) is proposed. In this scheme, the modulating RF signal is half-wave rectified in the optical domain, eliminating the DC optical power resulting from pre-biasing of the optical source. A link model employing this scheme has been developed and key parameters describing link performance have been calculated. A comparison with an externally-modulated link called the class-AB (CAB) photonic link is carried out. Improvement in link SNR and dynamic range up to 8.7 dB and 18 dB, respectively, are obtained.
A<i>Msp</i>l-RFLP in the C-terminal part of the gene for desmoglein DGI (DSG) (1991)

Journal Article A Mspl-RFLP in the C-terminal part of the gene for desmoglein DGI (DSG) Get access J. Arnemann, J. Arnemann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N.K. Spurr, N.K. Spurr 1Human Genetic Resources, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall LaboratoriesSouth Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3LD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.S. Buxton R.S. Buxton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 18, 25 September 1991, Page 5100, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.18.5100-a Published: 25 September 1991
Workload Context Effect: An Elusive Phenomenon (1994)

The effect of workload context on subsequent performance and workload ratings has crucial implications regarding workload transition. However few studies have examined workload context effects; and those that have, report contradictory results. This study attempts to determine if the failure to find evidence of workload context effects might be attributable to methodological factors such as task duration, task difficulty, and experimental design. Twelve subjects “flew” three sessions of three trials on a computer-based flight simulator, and rated the workload after each trial. A pre-post experimental design presented the first and third trials at a medium level of difficulty while the second (experimental) trial was of low, medium, or high difficulty. Crosswinds of 2, 12, and 22 knots created the levels of low, medium, and high task difficulty. Analyses of the performance and workload data did not reveal significant differences in Trial 3 as a function of prior task difficulty presented in Trial 2. The inability to find workload context effects in the present study suggests that previous inconsistent findings can not be attributed to differences in task duration and experimental design. Rather, it appears that contradictory results may be attributable to differences in the range of task difficulty employed, the workload measurement tool, or both.
ChemInform Abstract: VERTIKALSTABILISIERUNG VON KATIONEN DURCH DELOKALISIERUNG GESPANNTER SIGMA‐BINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Die Ladungsübertragungsfrequenzen von Komplexen aus Tetracyanäthylen und den Benzolen (I)‐(Va) stehen mit Literaturdaten der relativen Solvolysegeschwindigkeitskonstanten von Verbindungen, bei denen anstatt Phenyl in (I)‐(Va) die Gruppe ‐CH2‐X‐vorliegt, in linearer Beziehung.
Building New Bridges between In Vitro and In Vivo in Early Drug Discovery: Where Molecular Modeling Meets Systems Biology (2017)

Cellular drug targets exist within networked function-generating systems whose constituent molecular species undergo dynamic interdependent non-equilibrium state transitions in response to specific perturbations (i.e.. inputs). Cellular phenotypic behaviors are manifested through the integrated behaviors of such networks. However, in vitro data are frequently measured and/or interpreted with empirical equilibrium or steady state models (e.g. Hill, Michaelis-Menten, Briggs-Haldane) relevant to isolated target populations. We propose that cells act as analog computers, "solving" sets of coupled "molecular differential equations" (i.e. represented by populations of interacting species)via "integration" of the dynamic state probability distributions among those populations. Disconnects between biochemical and functional/phenotypic assays (cellular/in vivo) may arise with targetcontaining systems that operate far from equilibrium, and/or when coupled contributions (including target-cognate partner binding and drug pharmacokinetics) are neglected in the analysis of biochemical results. The transformation of drug discovery from a trial-and-error endeavor to one based on reliable design criteria depends on improved understanding of the dynamic mechanisms powering cellular function/dysfunction at the systems level. Here, we address the general mechanisms of molecular and cellular function and pharmacological modulation thereof. We outline a first principles theory on the mechanisms by which free energy is stored and transduced into biological function, and by which biological function is modulated by drug-target binding. We propose that cellular function depends on dynamic counter-balanced molecular systems necessitated by the exponential behavior of molecular state transitions under non-equilibrium conditions, including positive versus negative mass action kinetics and solute-induced perturbations to the hydrogen bonds of solvating water versus kT.
SU-FF-T-260: In Vivo Dose Measurements for Total Body Irradiation Using Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters (2009)

Purpose: In vivo dose measurements for Total Body Irradiation using optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters Method and Materials: The institution's standard of care for total body irradiation uses a 6 MV Varian 600C linac with the gantry angle at 90 degrees and field size of 40×40 cm2. The patient's midline is at 350 cm. A 1.2 cm acrylic spoiler is place 40 cm from the surface of the patient and an acrylic tray holding lead compensators is at the head of the gantry. Phantom measurements were made to determine suitability of optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) for in vivo dosimetry of patients undergoing total body irradiation (TBI). A 30×30×30 cm3 solid water phantom was placed at 350 cm SAD. A calibrated plane parallel ROOS ion chamber was placed at the center of the phantom under 1 cm of build up. OSLDs and TLDs were also place on the phantom adjacent to the ROOS chamber at 1 cm depth. A treatment plan was created to deliver 100 cGy to the midplane of the phantom for 1 field. All three dosimeters were irradiated. A similar setup was created using an anthropomorphic phantom at 350 SAD, TLDs and OSLDs at three different locations. In addition, in vivo measurements were made for three patients undergoing total body irradiation at nine different body points. Results: OSLD phantom measurements were in agreement of the ROOS chamber (2.6%) and TLDs (3.8%) when using the solid water phantom. Comparative measurements between TLDs and OSLDs differed by as much as 4.5% for the anthropomorphic phantom irradiation. In vivo dosimetry using OSLDs for the three patients agreed within (7.6%) for TLDs. Conclusions: Results for both the phantom and patient measurements confirm that OSLDs are both suitable and recommended for required in vivo dosimetry in Total Body Irradiation.
Cholesterol‐enriched membrane rafts and insulin secretion (2012)

The failure of pancreatic β-cells to supply insulin in quantities sufficient to maintain euglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Perturbation of β-cell cholesterol homeostasis, culminating in elevated intracellular cholesterol levels, impairs insulin secretion and has therefore been proposed as a mechanism contributing to β-cell dysfunction. The manner in which this occurs, however, is unclear. Cholesterol is an essential lipid, as well as a major component of membrane rafts, and numerous proteins critical for the regulation of insulin secretion have been reported to associate with these domains. Although this suggests that alterations in membrane rafts could partially account for the reduction in insulin secretion observed when β-cell cholesterol accumulates, this has not yet been demonstrated. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent work implicating membrane rafts in some of the basic molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion, and discuss the insight it provides into the β-cell dysfunction characteristic of type 2 diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00200.x, 2012).
Multiple condensations with methyl .beta.-vinylacrylate (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple condensations with methyl .beta.-vinylacrylateS. Danishefsky, W. E. Hatch, M. Sax, E. Abola, and J. PletcherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 7, 2410–2411Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00788a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00788a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reflections on VM/Pass-Through: A facility for interactive networking (1983)

VM/Pass-Through, an interactive networking facility, has gained widespread acceptance within IBM and with IBM customers. Pass-Through allows a single terminal access to many different computers, including those at distant locations. In building Pass-Through, and in observing its growing use, we have had an opportunity to study the practical implications of this facility and of our approach to its design. This paper is divided into two parts. The first, an introduction to Pass-Through networking, describes features of the system, supported configurations, and use of Pass-Through within the IBM Corporation. A brief history of Pass-Through's development is also provided. In the second part of the paper, Pass-Through is used to motivate a technical discussion of interactive network technology and virtual machine subsystems. Topics covered include appropriate use of the virtual machine environment, choice of routing strategy, and performance considerations. Although the introductory portions of the paper presume no prior knowledge of computer network or operating system technology, the subsequent technical discussions do depend on a basic understanding of these areas.
The Impact of Vehicle on Assessment of Relative Skin Sensitization Potency of 1,4-Dihydroquinone in the Local Lymph Node Assay (1999)

Background: The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been validated as an alternative method for the identification of skin sensitization hazards. Contact allergens are identified as a function of proliferative responses induced in draining lymph nodes. The quantitative nature of the LLNA data also provides the opportunity of assessing relative potency by reference to dose response analyses. Objective: In the current investigations, the influence of vehicle on the skin sensitization potency of a known skin sensitizer (1,4-dihydroquinone) was assessed. Methods: 1,4-dihydroquinone was tested in the LLNA using 7 different vehicle systems in each of 2 independent laboratories. Results: Results from the 2 laboratories were almost identical. LLNA dose response data were interpolated to derive the estimated concentration (EC) of 1,4-dihydroquinone necessary to cause a three-fold stimulation of proliferation compared with controls, the EC3 value. The vehicles used and mean EC3 values obtained were: methyl ethyl ketone 0.07%, acetone 0.08%, acetone/olive oil (80/20 v/v) 0.15%, dimethyl formamide 0.22%, dimethyl sulfoxide 0.4%, and propylene glycol and acetone/ saline (50/50 v/v) vehicles gave negative results. However, when tested at higher concentrations, positive results were obtained in these vehicles. Conclusion: These data reveal that the vehicle in which a chemical is encountered in the skin can have a significant impact on a quantitative measure of skin sensitization potency. The implication is that accurate assessment of risk to humans will require an understanding of the matrix in which skin exposure is likely to occur.