gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of a unique photoreceptor protein correlates with improper outer segment assembly (2002)

A unique photoreceptor protein has been characterized. This protein, termed XAP-1 antigen, is expressed by photoreceptors exclusively under conditions in which the outer segment membranes are properly assembled. When the retinal pigment epithelium is adherent to the underlying neural retina, the XAP-1 antigen is localized to the plasma membrane that surrounds the inner and outer segments in the areas juxtaposed to the subretinal space. A similar labeling pattern is detected in retinal pigment epithelium-deprived retinas in which assembly of nascent outer segments is supported by lactose. In retinas that undergo degeneration subsequent to the removal of the retinal pigment epithelium, the expression of this protein is completely downregulated. Immunohistochemical analyses and subcellular fractionation along with Western blot analysis, indicate that the XAP-1 antigen is a membrane-associated soluble protein. Mass spectrometric analysis indicates that the XAP-1 antigen shares homology via 12 tryptic peptide masses with the gamma-crystallin (lens structural protein) subclasses, although it does not immunolocalize to the same ocular structures as reported for the gamma-crystallins. We propose that XAP-1 antigen is a unique protein that is expressed extensively by healthy photoreceptor cells; the expression of the XAP-1 antigen exclusively by photoreceptors with organized outer segments suggests that this protein may play a critical role in outer segment assembly.
Adding the ‘heart’ to hanging drop networks for microphysiological multi-tissue experiments (2015)

Microfluidic hanging-drop networks enable culturing and analysis of 3D microtissue spheroids derived from different cell types under controlled perfusion and investigating inter-tissue communication in multi-tissue formats. In this paper we introduce a compact on-chip pumping approach for flow control in hanging-drop networks. The pump includes one pneumatic chamber located directly above one of the hanging drops and uses the surface tension at the liquid-air-interface for flow actuation. Control of the pneumatic protocol provides a wide range of unidirectional pulsatile and continuous flow profiles. With the proposed concept several independent hanging-drop networks can be operated in parallel with only one single pneumatic actuation line at high fidelity. Closed-loop medium circulation between different organ models for multi-tissue formats and multiple simultaneous assays in parallel are possible. Finally, we implemented a real-time feedback control-loop of the pump actuation based on the beating of a human iPS-derived cardiac microtissue cultured in the same system. This configuration allows for simulating physiological effects on the heart and their impact on flow circulation between the organ models on chip.
<b>Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. XIX. Photodimerization of Methyl β-Naphthyl Ether</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. XIX. Photodimerization of Methyl β-Naphthyl EtherJerald S. Bradshaw and George S. HammondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 24, 3953–3955Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00907a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00907a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of Doping by Impurity Chemical Potentials: Predictions for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type ZnO (2001)

Theoretical work has so far focused on the role of host-element chemical potentials in determining defect formation energies that control doping levels in semiconductors. Here, we report on our analysis of the role of the dopant-impurity chemical potential, which depends on the source gas. We present first-principles total-energy calculations that demonstrate a wide variation in the possible effective chemical potential of N. We account in detail for the recent puzzling observations of doping ZnO using N2 and N2O and predict that the use of dilute NO or NO2 gas would resolve the long-standing problem of achieving p-type ZnO.
Synthesis of 1,4-oxathian-2-one, 5-methyl-1,4-oxathian-2-one, and 1,4-oxathiepan-2-one (1977)

Intramolecular dehydration of 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)acetic acid and of 2-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethylthio)acetic acid gives 1,4-oxathian-2-one and 5-methyl-1,4-oxathian-2-one, respectively. The precursor hydroxy-acids are formed by hydrolysis of the products of free radical addition of thioglycolic acid to vinyl acetate and propenyl acetate respectively. Free radical addition of thioglycolic acid to allyl chloride affords 2-(3-chloropropylthio)acetic acid, which is cyclised to 1,4-oxathiepan-2-one on treatment with potassium fluoride in glacial acetic acid. A mixture of 1,4-oxathiepan-2-one and 5-methyl-1,4-oxathian-2-one is produced on cyclodehydration of the mixture of 1 : 1 adducts formed by free radical addition of thioglycolic acid to allyl alcohol.
Theoretical Conformational Analysis of the Tandem Repeat Sequence in RNA Polymerase II (2001)

Abstract The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II has an interesting C-terminal domain, which consists of a multiple tandem repeat of a heptapeptide with the consensus sequence Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr. However, the functional role of this sequence is unclear. One might assume that the conformation of the tandem repeat is very important for its function. A theoretical conformational analysis based on molecular mechanics using the energy functions of ECEPP was carried out for a heptapeptide in the repeating unit (Ac-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-NHMe) and a periodic polyheptapeptide corresponding to the tandem repeat sequence (Ac-(Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr)16-NHMe). The minimum conformations of Ac-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-NHMe had two turn structures, an open turn at Pro2-Thr3 and a γ -turn at Pro5. The contiguous residues to the turns are extended or semi-extended conformations. The low-energy conformations of Ac-(Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr)16-NHMe were long-periodic helices with a large number of residues per turn. Their helical radiuses are approximately 10–13 Å. They mostly have tyrosyl side-chains at the helical interior. They are composed of alternative backbone conformations, which are extended and turn structures, patterned on the feature of the low-energy conformations of Ac-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-NHMe. It was shown that the long-periodic helices contain turn structures as possible conformations of the C-terminal domain.
Improved Sensitivity and Resolution in <sup>1</sup>H−<sup>13</sup>C NMR Experiments of RNA (1998)

NMR studies of the structure and dynamics in RNA are greatly facilitated by the use of 13C-labeled molecules and 1H−13C correlation experiments. We demonstrate here that spin-state selective 13C frequency editing yields greatly improved sensitivity and resolution in 1H−13C correlation spectra of RNA. A sensitivity enhanced version of the previously introduced TROSY sequence (Pervushin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94, 12366−12371) is proposed, which offers a √2 signal enhancement. When compared to a sensitivity enhanced HSQC sequence an up to 3-fold increase in both the sensitivity and resolution is observed for the base carbons in a 15% 13C-labeled 33-mer RNA at a magnetic field strength of 14.1 T. This increase results from the relaxation interference between the 13C chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) and the 1H−13C dipolar interaction, as well as the simultaneous detection of 1H and 13C steady-state polarizations. Simulations indicate that the enhancement effect is maximal at currently available magnetic field strengths (≤18.8 T). It is further shown that the recording of a pair of complementary TROSY experiments, denoted H(α)- and H(β)-TROSY allows the accurate measurement of 1H−13C one-bond coupling constants from the cross-peak positions in the two spectra. An extension of the TROSY sequence is presented for recording high resolution 3D 13C-edited NOESY spectra.
Estimation of Residual Pepsin and Chymosin Activity in Curd (1985)

Pasteurized milk (225 g) adjusted to pH 6.2 was set with 3.5 milk clotting units of chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4). The same amount of milk at pH 5.8 was set with 3.5 milk clotting units of porcine pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1). Fifteen minutes after clotting, the curd was broken, and curd and whey were separated by centrifugation at 3500 x g for 20 rain. The curd (30 g) was extracted at pH 6.8 in 450 ml water or at pH 6.2 (chymosin) or 5.8 (pepsin) in 450 ml 1 M sodium chloride.
Capacitive Sensors for Measuring Single-Kernel Moisture Content in Corn (1987)

ABSTRACT THE use of a small parallel-plate capacitor with individual corn, Zea mays L., kernels between the plates and in contact with them was explored for sensing kernel moisture content. Kernel thickness between the plates, projected area of the kernel, and kernel weight were also measured. The capacitance was measured at a frequency of 1 MHz with and without the kernel in place. This information was used, along with moisture content, as determined by oven drying, and kernel thickness, projected area, and weight, in linear combinations of the influencing variables to predict the kernel moisture content. Within the limited population tested, kernel moisture content was predicted within plus or minus 1 % moisture in the 12 to 20% moisture range with about 80% reliability at most moisture levels. Better resolution should be possible with further refinement of equipment and methods.
Dual Optimization Methods for Multiuser OFDM Systems (2004)

The design and optimization of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems typically take the following form: The design objective is usually to maximize the total sum rate which is the sum of individual rates in each frequency tone. The design constraints are usually linear constraints imposed across all tones. This paper explains why dual methods are ideally suited for this class of problems. The main result is the following: Regardless of whether the objective or the constraints are convex, the duality gap for this class of problems is always zero in the limit as the number of frequency tones goes to infinity. As the dual problem typically decouples into many smaller per-tone problems, solving the dual is much more efficient. This gives an efficient method to find the global optimum of non-convex optimization problems for the OFDM system. Multiuser optimal power allocation, optimal frequency planning, and optimal low-complexity crosstalk cancellation for vectored DSL are used to illustrate this point.
Plant regeneration of the Australian native ornamental genus,<i>Pandorea</i> (2003)

Summary Pandorea jasminoides and P. pandorana are successful Australian endemic ornamental species of the family Bignoniaceae. Vigorous growth and spectacular floral display make them popular landscape plants. Application of tissueculture could facilitate Pandorea breeding and improvement programmes, however, there is no report on in vitro regeneration of the genus Pandorea. A protocol for de novo shoot production is described for commercial cultivars of P. pandorana and P. jasminoides. Amenability of explants under in vitro conditions was found to differ between the two species. Direct shoot organogenesis of P. pandorana was obtained using node explants while seedling (epicotyl) explants of P. jasminoides were found to be responsive for shoot regeneration. A maximum of 13 and 15 shoots per explant of P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, respectively, was obtained. Benzyladenine, BA, (8.8.mM) proved to be more effective for shoot regeneration than thidiazuron (TDZ) for P. pandorana while a combination of cytokinin (BA and N-(choloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phynyl urea (CCPU) and auxin is required for P. jasminoides regeneration. However, no significant difference in rooting of in vitro regenerated P. pandorana and P. jasminoides shoots was observed. Regenerated shoots were rooted on a medium containing indolebutyric acid (IBA) and plantlets were successfully established under glasshouse conditions.
Analysis of loss of heterozygosity in atypical and negative bile duct brushing cytology specimens with malignant outcome: are "false-negative" cytologic findings a representation of morphologically subtle molecular alterations? (2007)

This pilot study suggests that low-level fractional allelic loss or K-ras mutation in the negative/atypical cytology samples with malignant outcome is a representation of morphologically subtle molecular alterations.
Assignment of Stereochemistry of Facially Protected Bis-porphyrins by Use of a “Molecular Ruler” (2002)

The power of supramolecular chemistry to solve problems in structural chemistry where conventional techniques such as NMR, UV, and IR spectroscopy failed is demonstrated in the differentiation of the syn- and anti-bis(capped porphyrin) isomers (obtained after condensation of a capped porphyrin monomer) by simple UV/Vis binding studies using bidentate ligands that act as “molecular rulers” (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Improved Decoding Scheme of Real-Valued Representation for ATSC 3.0 MIMO (2020)

This paper proposes a new form of real-valued representation and an improved decoding scheme for Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) 3.0 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). The proposed representation of ATSC 3.0 MIMO is easy to use various suboptimal decoding schemes. In addition, a successive interference cancellation (SIC) and an improved decoding scheme based on block cancellation using the new form of the real-valued representation and QR decomposition are proposed. The SIC scheme can significantly reduce the computational complexity by using a hard decision compared to a maximum-likelihood decision rule. The proposed improved decoding scheme considers N candidate symbols instead of the hard decision for the SIC scheme. Therefore, the improved performance can be obtained with slightly increased computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed decoding scheme outperforms a zero-forcing and SIC schemes based on the real valued representation under fixed and mobile channels.
Pin signature verification using wavelet transform (1996)

The personal identification number signature (PIN signature) is a method of remembering and typing the PIN using the de facto standard numeric keypad format. The PIN signature affords a second level security in that it enhances the PIN with additional information on the user, i.e. the profile of its input. The PIN signature reference profile can be viewed as a signal vector and can thus be enhanced and verified as to its physiological characteristics using wavelet transform. The result of this analysis is presented.
Machine Learning Techniques for In Silico Modeling of Drug Metabolism (2006)

The computational assessment of drug metabolism has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical research. Amongst others, machine learning techniques have been employed to model relationships between the chemical structure of a compound and its metabolic fate. Examples for these techniques, which were originally developed in fields far from drug discovery, are artificial neural networks or support vector machines. This paper summarizes the application of various machine learning techniques to predict the interaction between organic molecules and metabolic enzymes. More complex endpoints such as metabolic stability or in vivo clearance will also be addressed. It is shown that the prediction of metabolic endpoints with machine learning techniques has made considerable progress over the past few years. Depending on the procedure used, either classification or quantitative prediction is possible for even large and diverse compound sets. Together with the expanding experimental data basis, these in silico methods have become valuable tools in the drug discovery and development process.
3D virtual reconstructions of artworks by a multiview scanning process (2012)

The creation of three-dimensional virtual models by optical technologies typically involve uncontrolled metric errors, in particular, when small high-resolution 3-D imaging systems are used to reconstruct a large object. Within Cultural Heritage, the problem of metric accuracy is a major issue and no methods are currently available for controlling and enhancing it. This paper presents a methodology based on the integration of a 3D range camera system with an optical tracking technique. The basic idea is the generation of a global coordinate system determined by the optical tracker, which controls the rigid motions of the 3D range camera system during multi-scan processes. The tracking process is based on measuring the spatial coordinates of reference markers located onto the range camera. The metric reliability of the 3D model reconstruction is guaranteed to a known acceptable level. Experimental results on a Statue of Hope located at the English Cemetery in Florence, are also reported.
Role of anoctamin 1 (TMEM16A) as a volume regulated anion channel in insulin-producing cells (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
The Constant Blood Withdrawal Method for the Area under the Plasma Concentration Curve (1979)

The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) was measured after an intragastric administration of either plain or buffered acetylsalicylic acid, using either an intermittent sampling, or the recently introduced constant blood withdrawal method. Six dogs were used in each study. The AUC by the constant withdrawal method was significantly higher than the AUC by the intermittent sampling method. There was no significant difference between the AUC of the plain and buffered acetylsalicylic acid. The higher AUC by the constant withdrawal method was attributed to the inclusion of the initial plasma levels, which is an inherent advantage of the constant blood withdrawal method.
1405: Vehicles for Adenoviral Gene Delivery in Urologic Malignancies (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Tuesday, May 24, 2005, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 20051405: Vehicles for Adenoviral Gene Delivery in Urologic Malignancies Timothy P. Kresowik, Robert Jensen, and Timothy L. Ratliff Timothy P. KresowikTimothy P. Kresowik More articles by this author , Robert JensenRobert Jensen More articles by this author , and Timothy L. RatliffTimothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35539-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1405: Vehicles for Adenoviral Gene Delivery in Urologic Malignancies." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 381 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 381 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Timothy P. Kresowik More articles by this author Robert Jensen More articles by this author Timothy L. Ratliff More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
On the Mechanical Role of De Novo Synthesized Elastin in the Urinary Bladder Wall (2009)

The urinary bladder wall (UBW), which is composed of smooth muscle, collagen, and elastin, undergoes profound remodeling in response to changes in mechanical loading resulting from various pathologies. In our laboratory, we have observed the production of fibrillar elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which makes the UBW a particularly attractive tissue to investigate smooth muscle tissue remodeling. In the present study, we explored the mechanical role that de novo elastin fibers play in altering UBW ECM mechanical behavior using a structural constitutive modeling approach. The mechanical behavior of the collagen fiber component of the UBW ECM was determined from the biaxial stress-stretch response of normal UBW ECM, based on bimodal fiber recruitment that was motivated by the UBW's unique collagen fiber structure. The resulting fiber ensemble model was then combined with an experimentally derived fiber angular distribution to predict the biaxial mechanical behavior of normal and the elastin-rich UBW ECM to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of elastin production. Results indicated that UBW ECM exhibited a distinct structure with highly coiled collagen fiber bundles and visible elastic fibers in the pathological situation. Elastin-rich UBW ECM had a distinct mechanical behavior with higher compliance, attributable to the indirect effect of elastin fibers contracting the collagen fiber network, resulting in a retracted unloaded reference state of the tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest that the urinary bladder responds to prolonged periods of high strain by increasing its effective compliance through the interaction between collagen and de novo synthesized elastic fibers.
Engineering Cu surfaces for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO <sub>2</sub> : Controlling selectivity toward oxygenates and hydrocarbons (2017)

In this study we control the surface structure of Cu thin-film catalysts to probe the relationship between active sites and catalytic activity for the electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to fuels and chemicals. Here, we report physical vapor deposition of Cu thin films on large-format (∼6 cm<sup>2</sup>) single-crystal substrates, and confirm epitaxial growth in the <100>, <111>, and <751> orientations using X-ray pole figures. To understand the relationship between the bulk and surface structures, in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy was conducted on Cu(100), (111), and (751) thin films. The studies revealed that Cu(100) and (111) have surface adlattices that are identical to the bulk structure, and that Cu(751) has a heterogeneous kinked surface with (110) terraces that is closely related to the bulk structure. Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction testing showed that whereas both Cu(100) and (751) thin films are more active and selective for C-C coupling than Cu(111), Cu(751) is the most selective for >2e<sup>-</sup> oxygenate formation at low overpotentials. Our results demonstrate that epitaxy can be used to grow single-crystal analogous materials as large-format electrodes that provide insights on controlling electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for this reaction.