gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is interferon effective after oral administration? The state of the art. (1991)

At present the evidence that interferon can be effective when administered by oral route is tenous and the purpose of this minireview is to focus attention on this problem. Interferon may act on the oral-associated lymphoid tissue and trigger a cascade of events leading to activation of the immune system with little or no presence of interferons in body fluids and lack of toxicity. If this is true, the oral administration could be the ideal route for the treatment of some viral diseases and immunodeficiencies.
Structure of Turbulent Velocity and Temperature Fluctuations in Fully Developed Pipe Flow (1979)

An experimental investigation of the turbulent structure of velocity and temperature fields has been made in fully developed pipe flow of air. In the near-wall region, the coherent quasi-ordered structure plays a dominant role in the turbulent heat transport process. The turbulent axial heat flux as well as the intensities of velocity and temperature fluctuations reach their maximums in this region, but these maximum points are different. The nondimensional intensities of velocity and temperature fluctuations are well described with the “logarithmic law” in the turbulent part of the wall region where the velocity-temperature cross-correlation coefficient is nearly constant. In the turbulent core, the velocity and temperature fluctuations are less correlated. The spectra of velocity and temperature fluctuations present −1 slope at low wavenumbers in the wall region and −5/3 slope in the inertial subrange. The temperature spectrum for the inertial-diffusive subrange indicates the −8/3 power-law.
Infrared Reflectance Spectra for Selected Paint Pigments (1971)

The report presents data on the near infrared reflectance spectra, 0. 6-2.0 micron region, for 89 pigments in a wide range of colors. Pigments, both organic and inorganic, were selected for low infrared absorption and possible use in the design of military coatings with controlled infrared reflectance. The data obtained provides a basis for characterization of the pigments examined based on reflectance properties.
733. Gladiolic acid. Part III. The structures of norisogladiolic acid, dihydrogladiolic acid, and cyclopolic acid (1953)

L. A. Duncanson, J. F. Grove and J. Zealley, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 3637 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530003637
Genetic Counseling (1998)

The practice of genetic counseling has evolved in the last quarter century into a communication process between an appropriately trained health professional and a patient/client, couple, and/ or family, regarding the occurrence or risk of occurrence of a genetic condition and relevant implications. In response to advances in molecular genetics and diagnostic technologies, a new health care professional, the master's-level genetic counselor, emerged in the early 1970s to participate in a multidisciplinary team approach to meeting the informational, psychosocial, and medical needs of individuals and families affected with or at risk for genetic conditions.
Malaria drives T cells to exhaustion (2014)

Malaria is a significant global burden but after >30 years of effort there is no vaccine on the market. While the complex life cycle of the parasite presents several challenges, many years of research have also identified several mechanisms of immune evasion by Plasmodium spp. Recent research on malaria, has investigated the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway which mediates exhaustion of T cells, characterized by poor effector functions and recall responses and in some cases loss of the cells by apoptosis. Such studies have shown exhaustion of CD4(+) T cells and an unappreciated role for CD8(+) T cells in promoting sterile immunity against blood stage malaria. This is because PD-1 mediates up to a 95% reduction in numbers and functional capacity of parasite-specific CD8(+) T cells, thus masking their role in protection. The role of T cell exhaustion during malaria provides an explanation for the absence of sterile immunity following the clearance of acute disease which will be relevant to future malaria-vaccine design and suggests the need for novel therapeutic solutions. This review will thus examine the role of PD-1-mediated T cell exhaustion in preventing lasting immunity against malaria.
A study of the feasibility of using a buried sonar transducer to echo-locate objects buried in sediment. (1987)

An analysis is conducted to determine the feasibility of using a buried sonar transducer to echo-locate torpedoes imbedded in sediment. The active sonar equation is examined and representative values for each term are developed which are appropriate for the sediment on the acoustic test ranges at the Naval Undersea Weapons Engineering Station, Keyport, Washington. It is found that transmission loss through the sediment limits the useful range of the proposed 10 kHz active sonar system to approximately 10 meters, thus rendering it impractical as a localization tool. Three alternative systems are proposed for further consideration.
Tapered InP/InGaAsP waveguide structure for efficient fibre-chip coupling (1991)

A novel passive InP/InGaAsP waveguide structure for lowloss coupling of monomode fibres to semiconductor devices having waveguides with small elliptical modes has been fabricated. The device consists of a fibre-matched waveguide, a tapered waveguide structure for the necessary mode transformation, and a small spot waveguide. The transformation of the fibre mode into a mode with a spot of 2.0 μm lateral and 1.5 μm vertical extension (FWHM) is demonstrated. Nearly polarisation independent transmission losses, as low as 4.9dB, are measured for uncoated devices with a 900 μm long tapered section.
Low distortion speech denoising using an adaptive parametric Wiener filter (2004)

This paper describes a parametric Wiener filter designed for noise removal with low distortion of the speech signal. The classic Wiener filter is augmented with a proportional variable for noise estimation, and a floating floor variable for the transfer function. These two variables are adaptive to the estimated noise energy in parametric relations, determined experimentally for the corresponding noise estimator. The optimization of those parameters can enable the filter to achieve low distortion noise removal. Experiments using some office and home appliance noises have shown superior performance in comparison to the common Wiener filter and the spectral subtraction approaches. The proposed method has comparable quality but less computational demands than the psychoacoustically motivated Gustafsson filter. Because of low distortions, the filter may also be used in cascade with others to achieve better total performance.
A framework for targeting alternative brain regions with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression (2005)

It has been argued that clinical depression is accompanied by reductions in cortical excitability of the left prefrontal cortex (PFC). In support of this, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is a method of enhancing cortical excitability, has shown antidepressant efficacy when applied over the left PFC, although the overall therapeutic effects remain inconclusive. The cerebral pathophysiology of depression is, however, not limited to dysfunctions in the PFC, thus, targeting alternative brain regions with rTMS may provide new therapeutic windows in the treatment of depression. Evidence from electroencephalography and lesion studies suggests that not only is the left PFC involved in depression but also the parietal cortex and cerebellum. Furthermore, rTMS over the parietal cortex and the cerebellum has been found to improve mood and emotional functioning, at least in healthy volunteers. We have integrated these findings in an rTMS-oriented theoretical framework for the neurobiology of low mood and depression. To establish the possible therapeutic efficacy of this model, whereby, for example, the application of slow rTMS over the right parietal cortex and fast rTMS over the cerebellum may be beneficial in different subtypes of depression, clinical rTMS studies that target the parietal cortex and cerebellum are warranted.
Glucose Sensing Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus (2010)

Neurons whose activity is regulated by glucose are found in a number of brain regions. Glucose-excited (GE) neurons increase while glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons decrease their action potential frequency as interstitial brain glucose levels increase. We hypothesize that these neurons evolved to sense and respond to severe energy deficit (e.g., fasting) that threatens the brains glucose supply. During modern times, they are also important for the restoration of blood glucose levels following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Our data suggest that impaired glucose sensing by hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons may contribute to the syndrome known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in which the mechanisms which restore euglycemia following hypoglycemia become impaired. On the other hand, increased responses of glucose sensing neurons to glucose deficit may play a role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which glucose sensing neurons sense changes in interstitial glucose and explore the roles of these specialized glucose sensors in glucose and energy homeostasis.
[Computed tomography guided positioning of catheters for temperature measurement in hyperthermia of malignant tumors]. (1988)

Prior to a combined treatment with ionizing radiation and hyperthermia, 38 patients with superficial, semi-deep, and deep tumors received catheters for temperature measuring probes which were introduced under CT control. After having established a localization diagnosis and determined the angle for the puncture as well as the length of the puncture canal, a puncture needle containing a closed teflon catheter was introduced subsequent to local anaesthesia and puncture incision of the skin. None of the patients needed a general analgetic and sedative treatment. 10% of the patients presented a dislocation making necessary a reimplantation. Local infections at the catheter insertion point were observed in three cases, a phlegmonous inflammation was seen only in one patient who had undergone an immunosuppression by means of cytostatic drugs. In one patient a temporary bleeding led to a slight haemoglobin reduction which, however, did not require further therapeutic measures. The insertion of catheters for intratumoral temperature measurement was well tolerated by the patients. It could be performed in out-patients with good general condition and no further risk factors.
Nobleza y señoríos durante el XVIII valenciano (1980)

The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is recognized to be involved in numerous brain disorders. In an effort to obtain a fluorine-18 labeled analogue of the mGluR5 PET tracer [(11)C]ABP688, 13 novel ligands based on the core structure of ABP688 were synthesized. Molecules in which the methyl group at the oxime functionality of ABP688 was replaced by fluorobenzonitriles, fluoropyridines, and fluorinated oxygen containing alkyl side chains were investigated. Substituents at the oxime functionality are well tolerated and resulted in five candidates with K(i) values below 10 nM. The most promising candidate, (E)-3-(pyridin-2-ylethynyl)cyclohex-2-enone-O-2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethyloxime (38, K(i) = 3.8 nM), was radiolabeled with fluorine-18. Scatchard analysis of [(18)F]38 which modeled best for two sites pointed to high binding affinity (K(D1) = 0.61 +/- 0.19 nM and K(D2) = 13.73 +/- 4.69 nM) too. These data strongly suggest the further evaluation of [(18)F]38 as a candidate for imaging the mGluR5.
Pre-Emptive Channel Assignment Scheme with Fair Queue Scheduling in Evolving Mobile Networks (2008)

Due to rapid evolution in Mobile Cellular Industry (MCI) there is an increase in complexity when using mobility management techniques during the design, commissioning and operations of mobile networks. 1 G methodology can no longer be adopted or applied for 2G and/or 3G mobile networks. Therefore, existing mobility management techniques need to evolve with the technological evolution in mobile networks which is offering different multimedia based services using internet and various other class based traffic as opposed to only conventional voice telephony with guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the end user. Channel assignment schemes are key to the mobility management. In the literature, different channel assignment schemes have been devised for handovers occurring during multimedia based calls. We propose pre-emptive channel assignment scheme with fair queue scheduling based on buffer occupancy under certain QoS constraints in this paper. The proposed scheme is evaluated in a simulation environment and three different complex models/scenarios are used to validate the results. The multimedia traffic has been modelled by using MMPP (Markov Modulated Poisson Process) whereas we use conventional Poisson Process to model the voice calls. The performance study shows that the proposed pre-emptive channel assignment scheme results in reduced dropping probability at higher handoff rates as compared to other channel reservation schemes and demonstrates how the performance trade off is obtained in terms of call dropping, call blocking and mean queue lenghts.
Models for a stand-alone PV system (2001)

This report presents a number of models for modelling and simulation of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system with a battery bank verified against a system installed at Riso National Laboratory. The work has been supported by the Danish Ministry of Energy, as a part of the activities in the Solar Energy Centre Denmark. The study is carried out at Riso National Laboratory with the main purpose to establish a library of simple mathematical models for each individual element of a stand-alone PV system, namely solar cells, battery, controller, inverter and load. The models for PV module and battery are based on the model descriptions found in the literature. The battery model is developed at UMASS and is known as the Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM). The other component models in the PV system are based on simple electrical knowledge. The implementation is done using Matlab/Simulink, a simulation program that provides a graphical interface for building models as modular block diagrams. The non-linear behaviour of the battery, observed in the measurements, is investigated and compared to the KiBaM model’s performance. A set of linear Black box models are estimated based on the battery measurements. The performance of the best linear Black box model is compared to the KiBaM model. A validation of each of the implemented mathematical model is performed by an interactive analysis and comparison between simulation results and measurements, acquired from the stand-alone PV system at Riso. The report has passed an internal review, performed by: _________________ ____________ Peter Hauge Madsen Per Lundsager ISBN 87-550-2774-1; 87-550-2776-8 (internet) ISSN 0106-2840 ISSN 1600-3780 Layout and Print: Danka Services International A/S, 2001
Photochemical of Polychlorinated biphenyl by the photolysis and solvent (2011)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are of international concern because of global distribution, persistence, and toxicity. Removal of these compounds from the environment remains a very difficult challenge because the compounds are highly hydrophobic and have very low solubility in water. The photochemical reactor was of annular geometry with a cylindrical low-pressure mercury lamp. The whole Lamp was immersed in a reactor thermostat controlling the temperature at 32 ± 2 °C. The Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed by GC/ECD. The degradation of PCBs in terms of one, two and three lamp was 91.9%, 92.7% and 93% respectively. The degradation of PCBs in terms of use of 10% and 20% of total volume of solution of H2O2 were 88.8% and 93% respectively. The degradation of PCBs in terms of ratio to ethanol with oil transformer in 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 was 83.4%, 92.5% and 93% respectively. The experiments show that UVC-photolysis of H2O2 leads to a degradation efficiency of PCBs in the presence of ethanol. @ JASEMJ. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. December, 2010, Vol. 14 (4) 107 - 112
Applications of Pulsed Light Decontamination Technology in Food Processing: An Overview (2020)

Consumers of the 21st century tend to be more aware and demand safe as well as nutritionally balanced food. Unfortunately, conventional thermal processing makes food safe at the cost of hampering nutritional value. The food industry is trying to develop non-thermal processes for food preservation. Pulsed light (PL) is one such emerging non-thermal food processing method that can decontaminate food products or food contact surfaces using white light. Exposure to intense light pulses (in infrared, visible, and ultraviolet (UV) regions) causes the death of microbial cells, rendering the food safe at room temperature. PL technology is an excellent and rapid method of disinfection of product surfaces and is increasingly being used for food surfaces and packaging decontamination, enabling the minimal processing of food. This paper aims to give an overview of the latest trends in pulsed light research, discuss principles of pulse generation, and review applications of various PL systems for the inactivation of microorganisms in vitro, in various food products, and on food contact surfaces. Effects of PL on food quality, challenges of the process, and its prospects are presented.
Towards a Psychological Construct of Being Moved (2015)

The emotional state of being moved, though frequently referred to in both classical rhetoric and current language use, is far from established as a well-defined psychological construct. In a series of three studies, we investigated eliciting scenarios, emotional ingredients, appraisal patterns, feeling qualities, and the affective signature of being moved and related emotional states. The great majority of the eliciting scenarios can be assigned to significant relationship and critical life events (especially death, birth, marriage, separation, and reunion). Sadness and joy turned out to be the two preeminent emotions involved in episodes of being moved. Both the sad and the joyful variants of being moved showed a coactivation of positive and negative affect and can thus be ranked among the mixed emotions. Moreover, being moved, while featuring only low-to-mid arousal levels, was experienced as an emotional state of high intensity; this applied to responses to fictional artworks no less than to own-life and other real, but media-represented, events. The most distinctive findings regarding cognitive appraisal dimensions were very low ratings for causation of the event by oneself and for having the power to change its outcome, along with very high ratings for appraisals of compatibility with social norms and self-ideals. Putting together the characteristics identified and discussed throughout the three studies, the paper ends with a sketch of a psychological construct of being moved.
Dpp signaling thresholds in the dorsal ectoderm of the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo (2000)

The dorsal ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo is subdivided into different cell types by an activity gradient of two TGF(&bgr;) signaling molecules, Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Screw (Scw). Patterning responses to this gradient depend on a secreted inhibitor, Short gastrulation (Sog) and a newly identified transcriptional repressor, Brinker (Brk), which are expressed in neurogenic regions that abut the dorsal ectoderm. Here we examine the expression of a number of Dpp target genes in transgenic embryos that contain ectopic stripes of Dpp, Sog and Brk expression. These studies suggest that the Dpp/Scw activity gradient directly specifies at least three distinct thresholds of gene expression in the dorsal ectoderm of gastrulating embryos. Brk was found to repress two target genes, tailup and pannier, that exhibit different limits of expression within the dorsal ectoderm. These results suggest that the Sog inhibitor and Brk repressor work in concert to establish sharp dorsolateral limits of gene expression. We also present evidence that the activation of Dpp/Scw target genes depends on the Drosophila homolog of the CBP histone acetyltransferase.
An overview of the 1553 bus with testing and simulation considerations (2003)

The structure, operation, and protocols of the MIL-STD-1553 avionics bus are examined. The 1553 bus is a very flexible standard that is well-suited for rugged environments requiring computer networking. The standard provides features to control and monitor data transfers to efficiently manage the bus network. Development of a 1553 system is cost-effective because of the abundance of commercial equipment, especially VLSI chips for interfacing the computer to the bus. Off-the-shelf test and simulation equipment greatly eases the development, integration, and troubleshooting of 1553 systems, but a total evaluation of system requirements should be made before any procurement decisions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer vision feature recognition method based on Improved Wavelet arithmetic (2015)

in the process of studying on computer vision feature recognition method, with the current algorithm for feature recognition, the amount of calculation is large, and noise is strong, recognition rate is low.For this, a computer vision feature recognition method based on Improved Wavelet arithmetic is put forward.Firstly, spline binary wavelet decomposition is fused in the method to extract edge feature from collected images, and then wavelet moment invariants of the processed image is calculated and acted as the characteristic quantity of computer vision, so as to complete the accurate identification of the characteristics of computer vision.Characteristic quantity extracted through this method can not only solve the problem of uneven illumination, illumination variation and noise interference, also translation, rotation and zoom.Simulation results show that accuracy of computer vision feature recognition based on improved wavelet algorithm is great, and effect is ideal.