gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Borderline pneumothorax (2019)

Abstract: Extraordinary demanding case requires creative solution within expenditure of intellectual energy supported by mature experience, and discerning intuition. This all with single rule: patients benefit. Previous and subsequent sharing and exchange yield full-blown versatility. Pneumothorax in breastfeeding mother, brachial plexus injury caused by lysis of apical adhesions, support of pulmonary plication by autologous fascia lata in advanced pulmonary emphysema, dorsal chest tube insertion through first intercostal space, stubborn pneumothorax in a musician of brass band, successful conservative treatment by chest tube as an alternative of thoracoplasty, talc slurry solution in elderly man with life threatening pneumothorax from advanced lung cancer decay cavity, and in young woman afflicted by lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) are briefly reported.
Real analysis and probability : solutions to problems (1972)

Real Analysis and Probability: Solutions to Problems presents solutions to problems in real analysis and probability. Topics covered range from measure and integration theory to functional analysis and basic concepts of probability; the interplay between measure theory and topology; conditional probability and expectation; the central limit theorem; and strong laws of large numbers in terms of martingale theory.Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with problems and solutions for the theory of measure and integration, followed by various applications of the basic integration theory.
Reconfigurable distributed real-time processing for multi-robot control: Design, implementation and experimentation (2004)

Sophisticated robotic applications require systems to be reconfigurable at the system level. Aiming at this requirement, this paper presents the design and implementation of a software architecture for a reconfigurable real-time multi-processing system for multi-robot control. The system is partitioned into loosely coupled function units and the data modules manipulated by the function units. Modularized and unified structures of the sub-controllers and controller processes are designed and constructed. All the controller processes run autonomously and intra-sub-controller information exchange is realized by shared data modules that serve as a data repository in the sub-controller. The dynamic data-management processes are responsible for data exchange among sub-controllers and across the computer network. Among sub-controllers there is no explicit temporal synchronization and the data dependencies are maintained by using datum-based synchronization. The hardware driver is constructed as a two-layered system to facilitate adaptation to various robotic hardware systems. A series of effective schemes for software fault detection, fault anticipation and fault termination are accomplished to improve run-time safety. The system is implemented cost-effectively on a QNX real-time operating system (RTOS) based system with a complete PC architecture, and experimentally validated successfully on an experimental dual-arm test-bed. The results indicate that the architectural design and implementation are well suited for advanced application tasks.
Investigation of kinase activation in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (2014)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disease resulting in episodic but progressive extraskeletal bone formation. FOP is caused by missense mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of the type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor ACVR1, leading to dysregulated activation. Currently there are no available drug treatments and the structural mechanism of mutant activation is still poorly characterised. To address this, a number of BMP and TGFβ receptors, including FOP mutants of ACVR1 were cloned, expressed and purified for both structural and biophysical experiments. The arginine at the site of most recurrent FOP mutation, R206H, is common across all type I receptors except BMPR1A and BMPR1B which have a lysine at this site. The novel structure of BMPR1B differed to wild-type ACVR1 showing some of the conformational changes expected of the active conformation. However, a variety of disease related ACVR1 mutant structures, including ACVR1 R206H, revealed a surprisingly persistent inactive conformation in the kinase domain. Some conformational changes suggestive of activation were observed in the mutant Q207D affecting the ATP pocket, the β4–β5 hairpin and the activation loop. Additionally, the structure of the Q207E mutant showed a slight release of the regulatory glycine-serine rich domain from its inhibitory position. These subtle changes suggest that the mutant inactive conformation is destabilised and potentially more dynamic. In agreement, all of the ACVR1 mutants showed reduced binding to the inhibitory protein FKBP12. However, mutant phosphorylation of the substrate Smad1 was not constitutive, but dependent on the co-expression of the partner ACVR2, consistent with recent evidence from transgenic knock-out mice. A novel 2-aminopyridine inhibitor scaffold with favourable specificity for ACVR1 was identified using a fluorescence-based thermal shift assay. Further derivatives were characterised with improved potency and selectivity. The crystal structures of ACVR1 bound to these inhibitors showed exquisite shape complementarity, contributing to their favourable specificity. This work has increased the understanding of FOP-associated mutant activation and provided a novel starting scaffold for potential drug development.
Comparative Analysis of Global Feature Extraction Methods for Off-line Signature Recognition (2012)

In this paper, a method is proposed for feature extraction of offline signature recognition system. The proposed method is based on global features to identify forgeries and also median filter is introduces for noise reduction. The Proposed feature extraction method is compared with Discrete Radon Transform (DRT). Both the feature extraction method extracts one dimensional global features and the alignment between features is performed by Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). When being trained using 6 genuine signatures of each person and 250 forgeries taken from our database, the proposed method obtained an equal error rate (EER) of 8.40%. The false acceptance rate (FAR) for proposed method was also kept as low as 8.80%.
Unusual bending of Sugarcane stalks associated with knife-cut. (1970)

Optically rough and physically flat transparent conductive (OR-PF) substrates facilitate the performance improvement of optoelectronic devices and functional glasses via simultaneously enabling high-quality growth of functional layers and effective light management. This paper studies the effect of the interface morphology of the hole array pattern (HAP) and the pillar array pattern (PAP) on the far-field scattering properties of OR-PF substrates fabricated by spin-coating Al-doped ZnO (AZO) on nanoimprint-patterned glasses for improving the performance of superstrate-type thin-film solar cells. Theoretical calculation based on bidirectional scattering distribution function predicts that HAP with a period of 1.5 μm and a diameter of 1.3 μm [HAP(P1.5D1.3)] and the PAP(P1.0D0.5) interface morphology have a haze ratio in transmission (H<sub>T</sub>) of around 64% and a scatter angle of larger than 34°. The fabricated AZO/HAP(P1.5D1.3) and AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) show a flat surface with a σ<sub>rms</sub> of less than 9 nm, a high visible light transmittance of over 86%, a sheet resistance of about 30 Ω/sq, and strong far-field scattering. In particular, AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) possesses an average H<sub>T</sub> of over 11% at the wavelength range of 600-850 nm and an angular intensity distribution of over 1.5% at an azimuthal angle of around 55°, indicating stronger far-field scattering than the conventional pyramid-textured B-doped ZnO (BZO/F). Compared to the flat substrate, AZO/PAP generates an implied <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> gain of 16.2% in a CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> photoactive layer with a thickness of 300 nm under normal incidence at the wavelength range of 550-800 nm. For 60° incidence, AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) enables an implied <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> gain of 2.3% with respect to BZO/F. As applied to the front electrode of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> thin-film solar cells, compared to BZO/F, AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) would enable a gain of up to 16.7 and 11.2% in photoelectric conversion efficiency for the 0 and 60° incidence, respectively.
Knoevenagel Reactions of 6,7-Dihydropyrrolo[2,3-c]azepine-4,8(1H,5H)-dione: An Approach to the Synthesis of Pyrrolic Marine Natural Products (1992)

The title compound undergoes reaction with diethyl malonate or ethyl hydrogen malonate in the presence of TiCl4 to give a mixture of endocyclic and exocyclic products, (5) and (6) or (13) and (14). The latter compounds have been decarboxylated and brominated to give the allylic bromide (18). Model experiments to substitute the bromine with amines suggest this compound would prove to be only a mediocre intermediate for the synthesis of the pyrrolic guanidine (2) found in Phakellia flabellata .
Reducing perceptual discontinuity in peer-to-peer live video streaming based on frame loss visibility information (2011)

When a live streaming video is delivered over a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, the chunk delay is always a problem of great concern. A serious chunk delay can produce obvious discontinuity of the streaming video, resulting in low satisfaction of the service. Video on P2P is divided into several chunks and distributed to the peers. Each chunk has its own playback time deadline. The playback time of a delayed chunk is overlapped with that of the next chunk. Traditionally, fast forwarding and uniform frame skipping are the two methods used to deal with the chunk delay problem. However, they may easily produce the effect of perceptual discontinuity and perceived by a viewer. This paper proposes a frame dropping method based on frame loss visibility information in order to maintain visual continuity of the video. The frame with lower loss visibility will be dropped first. In a previous work, the idea of loss visibility was applied by a router to develop a frame dropping strategy when network congestion occurs. In this work, we apply it to the chunk-level playback controller in P2P network. The number of frames to be dropped is dependent on the value of chunk delay. The main difference between the proposed approach and the traditional methods is that different frames could be chosen and dropped. A viewer's satisfaction is evaluated by using the way of subjective video quality assessment. The proposed method produces higher MOS (mean opinion score) than that of the two traditional methods.
Computers in Statistical Research (1986)

During the years since 1982, research in a small number of leading statistics departments in the United States has undergone a dramatic change as these departments have acquired significant computational resources of their own. Primary support for the acquisition of this equipment has come from the instrumentation programs of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Defense. The purpose of this study is to provide a timely assessment of the current state of computing resources in statistics departments and a projection of future needs. During 1985 the Workshop conducted a mail survey of leading research-doctorate statistics departments and held extensive discussions during two two-day meetings. We have arrived at a series of recommendations directed, variously, at statistics departments, university administrations, professional organizations, and research sponsors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photorefractive Polymers Containing Transition Metal Complexes as Photosensitizer (1997)

This paper reports detailed synthesis and characterization of a hybridized polymer system which combines the ionic transition metal complexes and a conjugated polymer backbone bearing NLO chromophores to manifest a large photorefractive (PR) effect. In this system, the conjugated polymer backbone was chosen to play the dual role of a transporting channel for the charge carriers and a macroligand to chelate with the transition metal complex. Ru(II)−tri(bispyridyl) complexes were chosen as the photocharge generator by utilizing their metal-to-ligand charge transfer properties. The Heck coupling reaction was applied to synthesize these multifunctional polymers. A large net optical gain (>200 cm-1) at a zero electric field was observed on poled samples. The synthetic approach is versatile and was extended to the synthesis of PR polymers containing Os complexes. The resulting polymer showed photorefractivity at a wavelength in the near IR region (780 nm). This approach also offers the opportunity to fine-tune the electronic properties of polymers through modification of the polymer structures. Model reactions were studied to elucidate the structural defects caused by the side reactions in the Heck reaction. The effects of these defects on the PR performance of these polymers were evaluated. It was demonstrated that eliminating these defects could enhance the photorefractive response time.
Neurological complications in kidney transplant recipients (2005)

Neurological complications are frequent in renal transplant recipients and may largely contribute to morbidity and mortality. The postransplant neurological complications may be categorized into five areas: 1) Immunosuppressive medications, 2) stroke, 3) peripheral neuropathies, 4) infection, and 5) malignancies. A number of complications are directly caused by the neurotoxicity of immunosuppressive agents. Calcineurin-inhibitors may cause mild symptoms, such as tremors and paresthesia, or severe symptoms, such as disabling pain syndrome and leukoencephalopathy. Severe neurological syndromes may also be caused by the monoclonal antibody OKT3. Stroke may occur in about 8% of renal transplant patients. It may be favored by hypertension, diabetes, and accelerated atherosclerosis which may be acquired during dialysis or after transplantation. Peripheral mononeuritis and polyneuritis may also occur. An acute femoral neuropathy may occur in about 2% of patients as a result of nerve compression after operation. Guillain-Barré syndrome may also develop, triggered in some cases by cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Campylobacter jejuni infection. Lymphomas are the most frequent brain tumors. They are usually associated to a Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection and are more frequent in patients who received an aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Infection represents the most frequent neurological complication. Acute meningitis usually caused by Listeria monocytogenes, subacute and chronic meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, focal brain infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Toxoplasma gondii or Nocardia asteroids, and progressive dementia caused by polyoma J virus or other viruses are the most frequent types of neurological infections.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2′‐(3′′‐PYRIDYL)‐Γ‐PYRANOCOUMARINS AND 3′‐HYDROXY‐2′‐(3′′‐PYRIDYL)‐Γ‐PYRANOCOUMARINS (1982)

Abstract Zur Synthese der isomeren Cumarine (IVa)‐(VIa) wird das durch Kondensation des Cumarins (I) mit 3‐Pyridinaldehyd (II) erhaltene ungesättigte Keton (III) mit SeO 2 oxidiert.
Thin substrate grating array for sounding rocket and satellite payloads (2008)

This paper presents critical engineering aspects of a grating array for a sub-orbital rocket payload to make spectral observations in the soft X-ray regime. The off-plane grating mount is a natural solution to maximize throughput and resolution in the 1/4 keV to 1 keV range while minimizing envelope and mass. Replicated radial groove gratings are matched to the convergence angle of the telescope beam to limit aberrations. These lightweight gratings are mounted and aligned in an array which is not only efficient for rocket payloads, but can also be made suitable for the X-ray Grating Spectrometer on Constellation X.
Hormonal Requirements of Excised Dianthus caryophyllus L. Shoot Apical Meristem In Vitro (1977)

Whereas a medium containing kinetin alone enabled a few Dianthus caryophyllus L. apical meristem dome explants to develop into rooted plants, the highest frequency of plants was obtained in one containing supplements of both IAA and kinetin. In an unsupplemented medium, continued development required that explants have 2 pairs of primordial and a pair of expanding leaves. Kinetin alone caused production of many new leaves, but the development was significantly less than when it was furnished in combination with IAA. IAA given alone caused meristem explants to develop primarily callus, roots, and a few leaves. Gibberellin and abscisic acid were without promotive effects on leaf and shoot formation. A balance of hormonal substances, synthesized in young leaf structures and relocated to the meristem, is proposed as the fundamental mechanism that regulates new leaf initiation in the shoot apex.
Diagnostic value of glypican-3 in serum and liver for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

GPC3 protein is a sensitive and specific serum marker for diagnosis of early HCC. Its expression in liver tissues can be used to discriminate tumor cells from benign hepatic cells.
Secure Groups: Enhanced Management of Encrypted Data in Databases (2006)

Modern database systems integrate diverse technology to implement data security. One important aspect of the security scheme is about using encryption to protect sensitive information while it remains stored in the database. We first review in this paper the general aspects of data security and analyze how the leading commercial databases address these issues. Then we discuss about applying encryption as a justified measure of increasing the data privacy and we identify a weak support from commercial database systems when a group of users owns encrypted data. Finally, we propose an enhanced mechanism, called secure groups, that intends to improve the management of encryption at a database level
Resource Certification - A Public Key Infrastructure for IP Addresses and AS's (2009)

We examine a form of an X.509 Public Key certificate that is used to bind IP address and AS number resources to a public/private key pair. These certificates are used to attest to resource allocation actions, so that digitally signed attestations relating to a party's right-of-use of IP addresses and AS numbers can be validated by relying parties, using a related Resource Certificate Public Key Infrastructure. This has particular application in the area of demonstrable attestations related to the right-of-use of IP addresses, and in the area of inter-domain routing security. The issues related to the application of this PKI to inter-domain routing security are considered, and the design, management and use of resource certificates, and the structure of the related Public Key Infrastructure are described in detail.
Transdermal drug delivery system: Formulation aspects and evaluation (2013)

The conventional oral dosage forms have significant setbacks of poor bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism. To improve characters of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was emerged, which will improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs by specific sites within the body, thereby reducing both the size and number of doses. Skin is an effective medium from which absorption of the drug takes place and enters into systematic circulation over a period of time. The present article reviews the selection of drug candidates and polymers suitable to be formulated as transdermal system, advantages, disadvantages of formulation design and the methods of evaluation.
Performance Comparison on Schemes for Suppressing Cross-Slot Interference in TD-SCDMA System (2009)

Slow dynamic channel allocation (Slow DCA) is a key technology used to support asymmetrical services between uplink and downlink in TD-SCDMA system, which may cause cross-slot interference when a cell is active in downlink slot while an adjacent one is in uplink slot. The crossed slot existing among adjacent cells will seriously affect the system performance. In this paper, we give a brief analysis about how the cross-slot interference emerges and how it influences TDSCDMA system. Three schemes commonly used to suppress this interference are introduced. One is based on slots allocation direction, and the other two are separately based on region division in a cell and "virtual cell". Performances of each scheme are compared in an OPNET simulation scenario. Results show that the scheme based on "virtual cell" has a better performance compared with the other two schemes and it is proved to be the most practical one in the three schemes for solving the cross-slot problem.
Flexible transparent conductive films combining flexographic printed silver grids with CNT coating (2016)

A high-performance ITO-free transparent conductive film (TCF) has been made by combining high resolution Ag grids with a carbon nanotube (CNT) coating. Ag grids printed with flexography have a 20 μm line width at a grid interval of 400 μm. The Ag grid/CNT hybrid film exhibits excellent overall performance, with a typical sheet resistance of 14.8 Ω/□ and 82.6% light transmittance at room temperature. This means a 23.98% reduction in sheet resistance and only 2.52% loss in transmittance compared to a pure Ag grid film. Analysis indicates that filling areas between the Ag grids and interconnecting the silver nanoparticles with the CNT coating are the primary reasons for the significantly improved conductivity of the hybrid film that also exhibits excellent flexibility and mechanical strength compared to an ITO film. The hybrid film may fully satisfy the requirements of different applications, e.g. use as the anode of polymer solar cells (PSCs). The J-V curve shows that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs using the Ag grid/CNT hybrid anode is 0.61%, which is 24.5% higher than that of the pure Ag grids with a PCE of 0.49%. Further investigations to improve the performance of the solar cells based on the printed hybrid TCFs are ongoing.
Radioimmunoscintigraphy of Pelvic Lymph Nodes with<sup>111</sup>Indium-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody CYT-356 (1994)

In an attempt to define the possible role of radioimmunoscintigraphy to assess noninvasively the pelvic lymph nodes, we studied 19 patients with prostate cancer. All 19 men underwent conventional radiographic imaging of the pelvis with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging before bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. In addition, radioimmunological scanning with 111indium-labeled monoclonal antibody CYT-356 was performed. Pathologically 8 of the 19 patients had histological confirmation of metastatic nodal disease ranging from 1 to 15 mm. The monoclonal scan was positive at a site corresponding to the histologically confirmed nodal foci in 4 of the 8 patients. Since each hemipelvis could be independently assessed for pathological disease and imaging status, we report site-specific analysis of the monoclonal antibody scan in 38 hemipelves. The overall accuracy was 76% with a sensitivity and specificity of 44% and 86%, respectively. The negative predictive value was 83% and the positive predictive value was 50%. The administration of a single dose of CYT-356 antibody is safe, feasible and capable of detecting soft tissue nodal disease. A negative scan enables the physician to predict noninvasively a low probability of nodal disease for individuals at high risk. The detection threshold of this antibody scan appears to be disease foci 5 mm. or greater.