gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tygon bulbs for medicine droppers (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTygon bulbs for medicine droppersJohn L. Margrave Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 12, 623Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1953Published inissue 1 December 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ed030p623RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (399 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Autocrine production of extracellular catalase prevents apoptosis of the human CEM T-cell line in serum-free medium. (1993)

CCRF-CEM is a human T-cell line originally isolated from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. At cell densities > 2 x 10(5) cells per ml, CEM cells grow in serum-free medium, but at lower cell densities the cultures rapidly undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The viability of low-density CEM cells could be preserved by supplementing the serum-free medium with "conditioned" medium from high-density CEM cultures, but a variety of known growth factors and lymphokines were ineffective. Fractionation of conditioned medium by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, propyl agarose, chromatofocusing, and hydrophobic-interaction HPLC resulted in the isolation of a 60-kDa protein capable of sustaining CEM growth in the absence of serum. The active protein was identified as human catalase based on its amino acid sequence and composition and was subsequently shown to exhibit catalase activity and to be replaceable by human erythrocyte catalase or bovine liver catalase. Comparison of the level of intracellular catalase activity with the amount released into the culture medium demonstrated that the latter accounted for < 3% of the total catalase activity present in the cell culture. These findings show that, despite its low amount, the catalase released by CEM cells, and perhaps by T cells in general, provides a critical first line of defense against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) present in the extracellular milieu.
A Comprehensive Approach for Modelling Horizontal Diffuse Radiation, Direct Normal Irradiance and Total Tilted Solar Radiation Based on Global Radiation under Danish Climate Conditions (2018)

A novel combined solar heating plant with flat plate collectors (FPC) and parabolic trough collectors (PTC) was constructed and put into operation in Taars, 30 km north of Aalborg, Denmark in August 2015. To assess the thermal performance of the solar heating plant, global radiation, direct normal irradiance (DNI) and total radiation on the tilted collector plane of the flat plate collector field were measured. To determine the accuracy of the measurements, the calculated solar radiations, including horizontal diffuse radiation, DNI and total tilted solar radiation with seven empirical models, were compared each month based on an hourly time step. In addition, the split of measured global radiation into diffuse and beam radiation based on a model developed by DTU (Technical University of Denmark) and the Reduced Reindl correlation model was investigated. A new method of combining empirical models, only based on measured global radiation, was proposed for estimating hourly total radiation on tilted surfaces. The results showed that the DTU model could be used to calculate diffuse radiation on the horizontal surface, and that the anisotropic models (Perez I and Perez II) were the most accurate for calculation of total radiation on tilted collector surfaces based only on global radiation under Danish climate conditions. The proposed method was used to determine reliable horizontal diffuse radiation, DNI and total tilted radiation with only the measurement of global radiation. Only a small difference compared to measured data, was found. The proposed method was cost-effective and needed fewer measurements to obtain reliable DNI and total radiation on the tilted plane. This method may be extended to other Nordic areas that have similar weather.
Methacarn as a whole brain fixative for gene and protein expression analyses of specific brain regions in rats (2013)

For molecular analysis in anatomically-specific brain regions for rodent studies, it is necessary to establish a fast and accurate procedure for tissue sampling to achieve high integrity and expression fidelity of extracted molecules. The present study was performed to examine suitability of whole brain fixation with methacarn and subsequent tissue sampling using punch-biopsy devices for gene expression analysis in rats. After fixation, each specific region, i.e., hippocampal dentate gyrus, corpus callosum, cingulate cortex or cerebellar vermis was collected, and the integrity and variability of expression data of extracted total RNAs and polypeptides were examined. Methacarn fixation, acetone fixation, and unfixed tissues were compared. Methacarn fixation resulted in high integrity of total RNAs sufficient for conducting global expression analysis and superior in terms of uniformity in the integrity among brain regions to that of acetone fixation. Extracted polypeptide after methacarn fixation revealed similar integrity to that without fixation or with acetone fixation. Methacarn fixation resulted in lower mRNA expression variability between samples than acetone fixation in microarray analysis. The fidelity of polypeptide expression was mostly equivalent between methacarn and acetone fixation in 2-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis, although the expression levels of a small number of polypeptides from acetone-fixed tissues were affected. These results suggest that whole brain fixation with methacarn retains advantages for global analyses of mRNAs and polypeptides in rodent studies.
Identification of a<i>Treponema pallidum</i>Laminin-Binding Protein (2003)

Host extracellular matrix (ECM) components represent ideal microbial adhesion targets that many pathogens use for colonization of tissues and initiation of infection. This study investigated the interaction of the spirochete Treponema pallidum with the ECM component laminin. To identify candidate laminin-binding adhesins, the T. pallidum genome was analyzed to predict open reading frames that encode putative outer membrane proteins, as these proteins interact directly with host ECM components. Subsequent recombinant expression of these proteins and analysis of their laminin-binding potential identified one protein, Tp0751, that demonstrated specific attachment to laminin. Tp0751 attached to laminin in a dose-dependent, saturable manner but did not attach to the ECM component collagen type I or IV or to the negative control proteins fetuin or bovine serum albumin. Sodium metaperiodate treatment of laminin reduced the Tp0751-laminin interaction in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that oligosaccharides play a role in this interaction. In addition, Tp0751-specific antibodies were detected in serum samples collected from both experimental and natural syphilis infections, indicating that Tp0751 is expressed in vivo during the course of infection. Collectively, these experiments identified Tp0751 as a laminin-binding protein that is expressed during infection and may be involved in attachment of T. pallidum to host tissues.
Automated live cell imaging of green fluorescent protein degradation in individual fibroblasts (2007)

To accurately interpret the data from fluorescent proteins as reporters of gene activation within living cells, it is important to understand the kinetics of the degradation of the reporter proteins. We examined the degradation kinetics over a large number (>1,000) of single, living cells from a clonal population of NIH3T3 fibroblasts that were stably transfected with a destabilized, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter driven by the tenascin-C promoter. Data collection and quantification of the fluorescence protein within a statistically significant number of individual cells over long times (14 h) by automated microscopy was facilitated by culturing cells on micropatterned arrays that confined their migration and allowed them to be segmented using phase contrast images. To measure GFP degradation rates unambiguously, protein synthesis was inhibited with cycloheximide. Results from automated live cell microscopy and image analysis indicated a wide range of cell-to-cell variability in the GFP fluorescence within individual cells. Degradation for this reporter was analyzed as a first order rate process with a degradation half-life of 2.8 h. We found that GFP degradation rates were independent of the initial intensity of GFP fluorescence within cells. This result indicates that higher GFP abundance in some cells is likely due to higher rates of gene expression, because it is not due to systematically lower rates of protein degradation. The approach described in this study will assist the quantification and understanding of gene activity within live cells using fluorescent protein reporters.
Differential effect of selective block of α2-adrenoreceptors on plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and corticosterone induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice (1995)

The effect of selective block of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors on plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and corticosterone induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in mice using ELISA and RIA. It was found that the LPS-induced TNF-alpha response was significantly blunted in mice pretreated with CH-38083, a novel and highly selective alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist (the alpha 2/alpha 1 ratio is > 2000). In contrast, LPS-induced increases in both corticosterone and IL-6 plasma levels were further increased by CH-38083. Since it has recently been shown that the selective block of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors located on noradrenergic axon terminals resulted in an increase in the release of noradrenaline (NA), both in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and, in our experiments, that propranolol prevented the effect of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor blockade on TNF-alpha plasma levels induced by LPS, it seems likely that the excessive stimulation by NA of beta-adrenoreceptors located on cytokine-secreting immune cells is responsible for this action. Since it is generally accepted that increased production of TNF-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and endotoxin shock on the one hand, and corticosterone and even IL-6 are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties on the other hand, it is suggested that the selective block of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors might be beneficial in the treatment of inflammation and/or endotoxin shock.
SPECTRe: Substructure Processing, Enumeration, and Comparison Tool\n Resource: An efficient tool to encode all substructures of molecules\n represented in SMILES (2021)

Functional groups and moieties are chemical descriptors of biomolecules that\ncan be used to interpret their properties and functions, leading to the\nunderstanding of chemical or biological mechanisms. These chemical building\nblocks, or sub-structures, enable the identification of common molecular\nsubgroups, assessing the structural similarities and critical interactions\namong a set of biological molecules with known activities, and designing novel\ncompounds with similar chemical properties. Here, we introduce a Python-based\ntool, SPECTRe (Substructure Processing, Enumeration, and Comparison Tool\nResource), designed to provide all substructures in a given molecular\nstructure, regardless of the molecule size, employing efficient enumeration and\ngeneration of substructures represented in a human-readable SMILES format\nthrough the use of classical graph traversal (breadth-first and depth-first\nsearch) algorithms. We demonstrate the application of SPECTRe for a set of\n10,375 molecules in the molecular weight range 27 to 350 Da (<=26 non-hydrogen\natoms), spanning a wide array of structure-based chemical functionalities and\nchemical classes. We found that the substructure count as a measure of\nmolecular complexity depends strongly on the number of unique atom and bond\ntypes present, degree of branching, and presence of rings. The substructure\ncounts are found to be similar for a set of molecules belonging to particular\nchemical classes and classified based on the characteristic features of certain\ntopologies. We demonstrate that SPECTRe shows promise to be useful in many\napplications of cheminformatics such as virtual screening for drug discovery,\nproperty prediction, fingerprint-based molecular similarity searching, and data\nmining for identifying frequent substructures.\n
Optical plasmonic trapping towards biological applications in microfluidics (2009)

Keywords: Nanophotonics, Plasmonics Reference EPFL-CONF-175251 Record created on 2012-02-28, modified on 2017-05-10
Sensory systems (2013)

The olfactory sacs are paired organs, anterior to the eyes and lying above and dorsal to the oropharynx. They are continuous with external nostrils and consist of sensory receptor cells admixed with goblet and ciliated cells (Figure 12.1). Processes from the receptor cells lead to the olfactory bulbs in the brain. The olfactory sacs consist of folded lamella to increase surface area (Figure 12.2). The paired organs receive water from an inflow tract through the nostrils. Odorants interact with receptor cells and signal through the olfactory tracts leading to the olfactory lobe (Figure 12.3) of the brain. The olfactory epithelium contains two types of receptors, ciliated and microvillous. The crypt neuron axons lead into the olfactory tracts and to the olfactory bulb where they terminate on structures termed glomeruli.
Generation of tumor antigen-specific murine CD8+ T cells with enhanced anti-tumor activity via highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing (2018)

Immunotherapies have led to the successful development of novel therapies for cancer. However, there is increasing concern regarding the adverse effects caused by non-tumor-specific immune responses. Here, we report an effective strategy to generate high-avidity tumor-antigen-specific CTLs, using Cas9/single-guide RNA (sgRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we selected the gp100 melanoma-associated tumor antigen, and cloned the gp100-specific high-avidity TCR from gp100-immunized mice. To enable rapid structural dissection of the TCR, we developed a 3D protein structure modeling system for the TCR/antigen-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interaction. Combining these technologies, we efficiently generated gp100-specific PD-1(-) CD8+ T cells, and demonstrated that the genetically engineered CD8+ T cells have high avidity against melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our methodology offers computational prediction of the TCR response, and enables efficient generation of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that can neutralize tumor-induced immune suppression leading to a potentially powerful cancer therapeutic.
Placebo Response in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Microbiota-based Drug Targeted at Recurrent C. Difficile Infection: Results of the PUNCH CD 2 Trial (2016)

Introduction: The challenge of treating recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) has prompted interest in microbiota-based drugs. Clinical results, largely uncontrolled single center studies, have demonstrated very good efficacy. A recent controlled study found a higher than anticipated placebo rate. We assessed predictors of placebo response in PUNCH CD 2, a randomized, controlled, doubled-blinded trial of RBX2660 for the prevention of recurrent CDI. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive either: 2 doses of RBX2660 (a microbiota-based drug produced from live human-derived microbes); 2 doses of placebo (normal saline and cryoprotectant in the same proportions as RBX2660); or 1 dose of RBX2660 and 1 dose of placebo. All therapies were administered via enema; doses were 7 days apart. Failure was defined as recurrence of CDI symptoms; positive stool test; need for CDI retreatment; and no other cause for CDI symptoms within 56 days. Failures could cross over to open-label treatment and receive up to 2 doses of RBX2660. Results: Of the 127 patients treated in the study, a total of 44 (median age: 44, range: 19 to 92 years; 68.2% female) were randomized to the placebo arm. Of the patients treated with placebo, 45.5% (20/24) responded and 54.5% (24/44) failed. There were no significant differences in median age (61.5, range: 19-90 vs. 63.5, range: 19-90 years); sex (75.0% vs. 62.5% female); median prior CDI episodes (3.0, range: 3-11 vs. 3.5, range: 2-5); median prior metronidazole courses (0.5, range:0-3 vs.1.0, range:0-6); median prior vancomycin courses (2.0, range:1-4 vs. 2.0, range: 1-5) of which (25.0% vs. 17.6%) were tapersbetween patients who did and did not respond to placebo. Of the patients who responded to placebo, 90% received vancomycin just prior to study enrollment vs. 87.5% of the non-responders. All 24 patients who experienced recurrence went on to receive open-label treatment with RBX2660 and experienced an 87.5% (21/24) treatment success - consistent with previously reported results for open-label PUNCH CD study. Conclusion: The placebo response in PUNCH CD 2 and a similar recent study were higher than originally anticipated. There were no differences in the patient profiles; prior history of CDI and its treatment between the patients who responded to placebo and those who did not. Further studies are needed to explore reasons for the placebo response.
A stable clustering scheme for large scale mobile ad hoc networks (2006)

Wireless ad hoc networks are autonomous systems of heterogeneous, mobile nodes that communicate with each other over wireless links. Hierarchical methods can efficiently manage any large scale commercial application that is realizable using ad hoc networks and addresses the problem of routing in these networks. Clustering provides a method of building and maintaining hierarchies in ad hoc networks. We consider the problem of partitioning a large scale multihop wireless network into clusters and we propose a new realistic clustering scheme to create a hierarchical control structure for very large scale ad hoc networks. The proposed clustering scheme is distributed and enables the formation of stable and scalable clusters. An efficient cluster maintenance scheme is also proposed. Simulation experiments are conducted to study the performance of the algorithm
DIFFUSION FLAME STRUCTURE OF HNF SANDWICHES (2002)

The planar laser induced fluorescence technique (PLIF) has been used to study the diffusion flame structure of propellants consisting of hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). Goal of the experiment is to obtain more insight in the effect of the particle size distribution on the combustion properties of HNF/GAP propellants. OH and CN-distributions were measured at different pressures. In addition to neat HNF and HNF-propellants, HNF/GAP/HNF-sandwiches, which have a simple two-dimensional structure, were used for a more accurate determination of the interaction between the HNF flame and the GAP flame. The results are compared to CFD calculations. It was found that a diffusion flame was present but it is located higher above the surface than the monopropellant flame. At higher pressure the diffusion flame is smaller, but its height is almost independent of the pressure. The results imply that the burn rate of HNF/GAP-propellants will not depend on the particle size as is seen in AP-based propellants, where diffusion flames appear to be strong and close to the surface.
Ultralow Doping in Organic Semiconductors: Evidence of Trap Filling (2012)

Tail states in organic semiconductors have a significant influence on device performances by acting as traps in charge transport. We present a study of the controlled passivation of acceptor tail states in fullerene C(60) by the addition of electrons introduced by molecular n doping. Using ultralow doping, we are able to successively fill the traps with charges and examine the changes in conductivity, activation energy, mobility, and Fermi-level position. Passivation of the traps leads to an increase of the electron mobility in C(60) by more than 3 orders of magnitude, to reach 0.21 cm(2)/(V s).
gp130 receptor ligands as potential therapeutic targets for obesity (2007)

Obesity and its related cluster of pathophysiologic conditions including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are recognized as growing threats to world health. It is now estimated that 10% of the world's population is overweight or obese. As a result, new therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity are clearly warranted. Recent research has focused on the role that gp130 receptor ligands may play as potential therapeutic targets in obesity. One cytokine in particular, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), acts both centrally and peripherally and mimics the biologic actions of the appetite control hormone leptin, but unlike leptin, CNTF appears to be effective in obesity and as such may have therapeutic potential. In addition, CNTF suppresses inflammatory signaling cascades associated with lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle. This review examines the potential role of gp130 receptor ligands as part of a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.