gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Viral Hepatitis (1998)

Worldwide viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice, chronic liver disease cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While important advances have been made in prevention of viral hepatitis, therapy of this disease remains unsatisfactory. There are no specific therapies of proven benefit for acute hepatitis, although use of alpha-interferon during the acute phase of hepatitis C may result in a decrease in the rate of chronicity. For chronic viral hepatitis, alpha-interferon has been widely used, but is expensive, poorly tolerated and limited in effectiveness. New antiviral agents and use of combinations of antivirals are now being evaluated and promise to provide a therapy that is effective in the majority of patients. The currently recommended therapy of chronic hepatitis B is a 4- to 6-month course of alpha-interferon in doses of 5-10 million units three times a week; a regimen that results in sustained clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) from serum in approximately one-third and a loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in one-tenth of patients. Long-term follow-up of patients who respond to interferon treatment with clearance of HBeAg indicate that the majority ultimately clear HBsAg as well and have continued remission in the liver disease, although low levels of HBV DNA can commonly be detected in liver tissue. Better therapies of hepatitis B are needed. Recently, several oral 'second-generation' nucleoside analogues have been developed that have potent activity against HBV. The best studied is lamivudine (3-thiacytidine) which results in marked inhibition of HBV DNA levels and improvement in serum aminotransferases and hepatic histology in the majority of patients. When stopped, however, most patients relapse and the shortcomings of long-term therapy have been the development of viral resistance in up to one-quarter of patients within a year and a higher percentage with more prolonged therapy. Future approaches of therapy of promise for hepatitis B are combinations of lamivudine with interferon and other antiviral nucleoside analogues. The currently recommended therapy of chronic hepatitis C is a 12- to 18-month course of alpha interferon in doses of 3 million units three times a week: a regimen that results in sustained clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in approximately 20% of patients. Sustained responses have been associated with marked improvements in hepatic histology and long-term studies indicate that the majority of patients remain free of virus in serum and liver, suggesting a 'cure' of infection. Responses to interferon correlate to some degree with clinical and virological features, including young age, absence of hepatic fibrosis, low levels of HCV RNA in serum and HCV genotypes 2 and 3. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Packetized Video--Options for Interaction between the User, the Network and the Codec (1993)

In this paper we analyse the requirements that the user and a packet network have of compressed video. From these, we produce a synthesis of the characteristics of an ideal video compression coding. Using this dialectic, we then examine the currently available compression schemes and determine which is closet to the ideal.
The Negligence-Opportunism Tradeoff in Contract Law (1992)

Over the past two decades, law-and-economics scholars have developed two different analytical approaches to contract law without examining the relationship between them. The first approach, based on the idea of the "least cost avoider" developed in tort law, aims to deter "negligent" contracting behavior by punishing a contracting party who fails to take cost-justified precautions. The second approach aims to deter "opportunistic" contracting behavior by punishing a contracting party who affirmatively acts contrary to some contractual expectation or social norm. Typically, scholars focus on one approach or the other in their work. Rarely do scholars combine the approaches. Never have scholars combined them in any systematic way. This paper develops a general fault-based economic theory of contract law that combines the least cost avoider and opportunism approaches, and then uses the theory to explain and critique several contract cases. In many cases, the two approaches point toward the same outcome, but often they conflict and present what I call the negligence-opportunism tradeoff: the legal rule must favor the deterrence of one type of behavior over the other. The negligence-opportunism tradeoff captures to a large degree the fundamental tension in contract law largely ignored by economists, but traditionally recognized by lawyers: the tension between individual freedom of contract and social regulation of the marketplace. In resolving this tradeoff, I argue on efficiency grounds that the law should place a presumptive priority on deterring potentially opportunistic behavior over deterring potentially negligent behavior. To give priority to deterring negligence over deterring opportunism--which many economists often implicitly advocate--perversely rewards deceitful sleaziness while often punishing hapless incompetence, and cracks the foundation of trust necessary for efficient contracting behavior to occur.
The architecture and analysis of a hybrid number system processor (2003)

A hybrid number system processor is studied and analyzed. This processor uses the FLP (floating point) to LNS (logarithm number system) conversion algorithm to transform all the incoming 32-b floating-point numbers into 32-b logarithmic numbers. Arithmetic operations are performed in the LNS domain. The output FLP results are also obtained by using the LNS to FLP conversion algorithm. All the arithmetic operations including addition and subtraction can be implemented by using the anti-logarithm PLA (programmable logic array). Error analysis indicates that the Taylor series truncation leads to very small error when the ROM size is properly chosen for the desired precision. Consequently, the finite width truncation becomes the major source of conversion errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chapter 3: Type and Quantity of Radioactive Waste Destined for Disposal (1992)

According to the current planning status, radioactive waste with negligible heat generation is destined for storage in the Konrad waste repository in accordance with the Provisional Waste Acceptance Requirements(4). Waste of this kind occurs in the nuclear fuel cycle, research, medicine and technology. In its original state, the primary wastes of this type have various forms, such as: liquids, concentrates, sludges; ion exchange resins; compressible and/or combustible solids; incompressible solids, e.g. structural material components; filters, filter candles; other types of waste. The radioactive waste is appropriately conditioned and packaged before transport to the waste disposal site. To meet the basic requirements specified in the Waste Acceptance Requirements, primary waste must be solidified, for which the most common solidifying agents are cement and concrete although bitumen is also used. Waste products in decomposing, fermenting or liquid form or which contain a significant fraction in such states are not accepted for disposal.
Judging and Equality: Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? (1956)

"Equality," like law, politics, and life itself, displays myriad aspects. Reflections on equality, therefore, must take many differentforms, as this volume will subsequently demonstrate. Now that Canada has entrenched equality as a constitutional value, facets of the issue seem to proliferate, almost without end. Questions abound: Will the equality guarantees be confined to public action only? What constitutes public action? Will the enumerated categories protected against discrimination be supplemented by incorporation of unenumerated categories? Will a conventional liberal point of view inform the development of equality under the Charter? What part will a crystallizing feminist perspective play in the process? For women, what mixture of problems, opportunities, advantages, and dilemmas will ensue from implementation of the guarantees of equality under the Charter? How will the Charter affect public policy on contentious social issues involving prostitution, pornography, and homosexuality? Will it remain constitutionally admissible for an income-based pension system to deprive women of economic security and personal dignity in the fullness of their years? Number, variety, and intricacy obviously characterize the questions raised by entrenchment of equality.
The worldwide prevention of meningococcal infection. Still an elusive goal (1995)

Few organisms evoke more fear among the public than<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, particularly when it occurs in outbreaks and epidemics. The meningococcus is among a limited number of endemic pathogens in industrialized nations that can kill a healthy young adult within several hours. Large epidemics of<i>N meningitidis</i>infection occurred in the United States until 1944 and still occur in the nonindustrialized world. Attack rates can approach 1% and millions of cases can occur during a meningococcal epidemic.<sup>1</sup> The meningococcus is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and bacteremia in the United States. An estimated 2600 cases occur each year, almost half among children 2 years old and younger.<sup>2</sup>The annual incidence of meningococcal infection is approximately one case per 100 000 population. Survivors of meningococcal infection often suffer severe sequelae.<sup>3</sup>The meningococcus has taken on an increased relative importance in the United States since the decline of
Aortic Coarctation Repair with Patch Graft Aortoplasty and Severe Hemoptysis (2005)

This report describes the successful treatment of a confirmed case of hemoptysis from a false aneurysm at the site of a previous coarctation repair. Professionals involved in the clinical care of patients that have undergone previous coarctation repair with patch graft aortoplasty, should be aware of the late risk of false aneurysm occurrence. Periodically screening patients with magnetic resonance imaging to prevent potentially fatal complications is recommended.
Biorelevant Dissolution: Methodology and Application in Drug Development (2009)

INTRODUCTION Dissolution testing can play an important role in several areas for drug products as a quality control tool to monitor batch-to-batch consistency of drug release from a dosage form and as an in vitro surrogate for in vivo performance that can guide formulation development and ascertain the need for bioequivalence tests. The possibility of substituting dissolution tests for clinical studies has been revealed by the development of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, and dissolution tests that can predict the in vivo performance of drug products (usually called “biorelevant” dissolution tests) could serve this purpose (1, 2). In terms of media and hydrodynamics, biorelevant dissolution testing should provide a baseline for drug and dosage-form performance and should be used to guide formulation development, to identify food effects on the dissolution and bioavailability of orally administered drugs, and to identify solubility limitations and stability issues. The importance of the development of predictive dissolution testing is increased by the fact that the majority of drugs currently in development are poorly soluble drugs and by the challenges for new dosage-form approaches.
获得诺贝尔奖的德国小说家君特·格拉斯逝世，享年87岁 (2015)

获得诺贝尔奖的小说家君特·格拉斯周一（4月13日）逝世，享年87岁。格拉斯是二战后德国表达义愤的有力代言人，但也因为2006年承认自己曾是希特勒纳粹党卫军成员而震惊全国。 格拉斯在德国卢卑克一家医院去世，这一消息由他的出版商史泰德出版社发布。死因没有透露。
An efficient multiple precision floating-point multiplier (2011)

The current paper presents a multi-mode floating point multiplier operating efficiently with every precision format specified by the IEEE 754-2008 standard. The design performs one quadruple precision multiplication, or two double precision multiplications in parallel, or four single precision multiplications in parallel. The proposed multiplier is pipelined to achieve execution of one quadruple multiplication in 3 cycles and either two double precision operations in parallel or four single precision operations in parallel in only 2 cycles. The proposed design improves the throughput by a factor of two compared to a double precision multiplier and by four compared to a single precision multiplication. An example implementation on VLSI verifies the design and it achieves a maximum operating frequency of 505 MHz.
Channel correlation modeling for link signature security assessment (2014)

It is widely accepted that wireless channels decorrelate fast over space, and half a wavelength is the key distance metric used in link signature (LS) for security assurance. However, we believe that this channel correlation model is questionable, and will lead to false sense of security. In this project, we focus on establishing correct modeling of channel correlation so as to facilitate proper guard zone designs for LS security in various wireless environments of interest.
Expanded scaling relations for locomotion in sloped or cohesive granular beds (2020)

Dynamic similarity, while commonly applied in fluid systems, has recently been extended to locomotion problems in flat beds of cohesionless grains by assuming a frictional continuum model. Here, expanded scaling relations are derived for beds that are sloped or composed of cohesive grains. The proposed scalings are validated by discrete element method simulations using rotating ``wheels'' of various shape families, which suggests the usage of these scalings as potential design tools for off-road vehicles and extraplanetary rovers, and as an analysis tool for biolocomotion in sands and soils.
Primary Structure and Reactive Site of a Novel Wheat Proteinase Inhibitor of Subtilisin and Chymotrypsin (2003)

The proteinase inhibitor WSCI, active in inhibiting bacterial subtilisin and a number of animal chymotrypsins, was purified from endosperm of exaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, c.v. San Pastore) by ion exchange chromatography and its complete amino acid sequence was established by automated Edman degradation. WSCI consists of a single polypeptide chain of 72 amino acid residues, has a molecular mass of 8126.3 Da and a pl of 5.8. The inhibition constants (Ki) for Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin and bovine pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin are 3.92 x 10(-9) M and 7.24 x 10(-9) M, respectively. The inhibitor contains one methionine and of tryptophan residue and has a high content of essential amino acids (41 over a total of 72 residues), but no cysteines. The primary structure of WSCI shows high similarity with barley subtilisin-chymotrypsin isoinhibitors of the Cl-2 type and with maize subtilisinchymotrypsin inhibitor MPI. Significant degrees of similarity were also found between sequences of WSCI and of other members of the potato inhibitor I family of the serine proteinase inhibitors. The wheat inhibitor WSCI has a single reactive site (the peptide bond between methionyl-48 and glutamyl-49 residues) as identified by affinity chromatography and sequence analysis.
Efficient and Versatile Stereoselective Synthesis of Cryptophycins (2005)

The cryptophycins are a family of cyclic depsipeptides with four retrosynthetic units A to D which correspond to the respective amino acids and hydroxy acids. A new synthetic route to unit A allows the selective generation of all four stereogenic centres by introducing two of them in a catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation, followed by substrate-controlled diastereoselective reactions. The diol also serves as the epoxide precursor. This approach provides selective access to stereoisomers of unit A (enantiomers, epimers) for structure-activity relationship studies. The unit A derivatives were incorporated into cryptophycin-1, cryptophycin-52 and a novel epimer of cryptophycin-52.
Health sensing by wearable sensors and mobile phones: A survey (2014)

With the global trend of population aging in industrialized countries, efficient information and communication technologies (ICT) for aiding elders or patients' healthcare have attracted great research attentions. Among these technologies, health state sensing by wearable sensors and mobile phones is an important foundation. It monitors the real-time body states; stores, or sends the result to remote family members or doctors. In this way, it can either help people to pay more attention to the overlooked phenomenon, such as the clue of dangerous disease, or help people to issue panic alert when emergency happens. There are many critical issues in health sensing. First, the sensors must be non-intrusive to people's comfort and safety, while providing good accuracy. At the same time, because of being worn by people, numerous noises posed by body motions must be efficiently processed for reducing false alarming. At last, different health or decease signals generally require different sensing technologies and instrument. To tease out the technology advantages that address these challenges and diversities, this paper presented a survey on the state of the art of health sensing technologies using body sensor networks and mobile phones. It classify related works by their application goals, including i) fall detection, ii) gait analyzing, iii) activity qualification, iv) heart state sensing, and v) sleep sensing. It also conducts summary and comparison of related sensing systems and algorithms, to reveal the development lines in each subarea.
Selection Procedures for Altering Specific Nutrient Requirements in Poultry (1967)

Considerable effort has been and is now being expended in selecting for lowered specific nutrient requirements in poultry. Several reports have indicated the existence of genetic variance among lines, families and individuals for dietary utilization of specific nutrients or classes of nutrients (Griminger and Fisher, 1962; Harms and Waldroup, 1962; Nesheim and Hutt, 1962; Sibbald and Slinger, 1963; Davidson and Mathieson, 1965; and Enos and Moreng, 1965). However, Lepore (1965) failed to show a lower dietary requirement for methionine when selection was for body weight at three weeks on a methionine deficient diet. This report deals with the method of measuring such traits and suggests alternative systems that may enhance selection efficiency. When selecting for lowered nutrient requirements by measuring growth (body weight at a given age or gain per unit of time) on a deficient diet, one assumes that the variation in the selected trait due to requirement differences . . .
Cytogenetic profile of uterine sarcomas (1993)

These findings suggest that abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 7, and 11 may play a role in tumor initiation or progression in uterine sarcomas. Genomic alterations in the region 11q22 may be specific for malignant smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.
Beyond political ideology - the mainstreaming of Aboriginal public housing (2013)

Australian public housing policies and service provision do not incorporate evidence-based information about Aboriginal and Islander culture and this is extremely detrimental to Aboriginal and Islander people. When compared to other countries, Australia is regressing in the provision of public housing for Aboriginal people rather than developing because of the mainstreaming of policy and service provision.
[Universal presence of HBVx gene and its close association with hotspot mutation of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma of prevalent area in China]. (1998)

HBVx gene sequence was universally present in HBsAg negative HCC samples of Qidog studied, indicating the important role of HBVx gene in hepatocarcinogenesis of the high incidence area. The close association of the hotspot mutation of p53 gene in Qidong HCC with the presence of HBVx gene sequence suggests that such mutation is the molecular footprint of the combined effect of aflatoxin B1 exposure and HBVx gene product.
Public access Web information systems (1998)

overnments collect, generate, and disseminate vast amounts of information. In a market-driven, democratic society, this information is vital to enhance the trust of citizens in their government and institutions, and critical to individual and organizational decision making.
Haemopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Autoimmune Diseases, with Special Reference to Rheumatoid Arthritis. (2000)

The idea of using haemopoietic stem cell transplan tation (HSCT) as a treatment for severe autoim mune disease has been supported by over two dec ades of laboratory studies in which various forms of animal autoimmune diseases have been cured, rever sed or prevented by allogeneic, syngeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Evi dence in humans has been provided by patients with autoimmune disease who have received HSCT for malignancy or aplastic anaemia. Such cases sug gest allogeneic HSCT to be potentially curative of autoimmune disease. However, the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with allogeneic HSCT in its present form preclude its application to most patients with autoimmune disease. Although data from 'coincidental' cases suggested that autologous HSCT offers a lesser chance of cure,
The Usefulness of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Study in Predicting the Prognosis of Complete Peripheral Nerve Injury (2003)

Objective: To investigate the usefulness of the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) study in predicting the outcome of complete peripheral nerve injury. Method: Thirty eight complete peripheral nerve injuries, diagnosed by motor and sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) and needle electromyography (nEMG), were studied. Nerve injuries were grouped into two groups with and without SEP recorded at the time of initial evaluation. Outcome of nerve injuries was graded from 0 to 3 based on the results of NCSs and nEMG, followed up for more than six months. Grade 0 was designated for those with no evidence of recovery, and grade 3 for those with recovery in nEMG and both motor and sensory NCSs. Results: At the time of initial electrodiagnosis, SEP study showed no response in 25 cases, but SEP could be observed in 13 cases, although they were attenuated or delayed. Recovery of nerve injury was observed in 22 cases, despite the findings compatible with complete injury in initial NCSs and nEMG. The group in which SEPs were recorded showed significantly higher grades of recovery, compared to no response group. Conclusion: In predicting the prognosis of complete peripheral nerve injuries, SEP study could be useful as a supplementary electrodiagnostic method.
A Compact Pulsed Gas Laser for the Far Infrared (1965)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L N. Large and H. Hill, "A Compact Pulsed Gas Laser for the Far Infrared," Appl. Opt. 4, 625-626 (1965) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article