gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender Equity in Materials Science and Engineering (2008)

At the request of the University Materials Council, a national workshop was convened to examine 'Gender Equity Issues in Materials Science and Engineering.' The workshop considered causes of the historic underrepresentation of women in materials science and engineering (MSE), with a goal of developing strategies to increase the gender diversity of the discipline in universities and national laboratories. Specific workshop objectives were to examine efforts to level the playing field, understand implicit biases, develop methods to minimize bias in all aspects of training and employment, and create the means to implement a broadly inclusive, family-friendly work environment in MSE departments. Held May 18-20, 2008, at the Conference Center at the University of Maryland, the workshop included heads and chairs of university MSE departments and representatives of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy (DOE-BES), and the national laboratories. The following recommendations are made based on the outcomes of the discussions at the workshop. Many or all of these apply equally well to universities and national laboratories and should be considered in context of industrial environments as well. First, there should be a follow-up process by which the University Materials Council (UMC) reviews the status of women in the field of MSE on a periodic basis and determines what additional changes should be made to accelerate progress in gender equity. Second, all departments should strengthen documentation and enforcement of departmental procedures such that hiring, promotion, compensation, and tenure decisions are more transparent, that the reasons why a candidate was not selected or promoted are clear, and that faculty are less able to apply their biases to personnel decisions. Third, all departments should strengthen mentoring of junior faculty. Fourth, all departments must raise awareness of gender biases and work to eliminate hostile attitudes and environments that can make academic and national laboratory careers unattractive to women. Fifth, with respect to raising awareness among faculty, staff and students, a new type of training session should be developed that would be more effective in conveying the facts and consequences of gender bias than the conventional presentations typically available, which seem not to be highly effective in changing attitudes or behaviors. Sixth, it is proposed that the UMC establish a certification of 'family-friendly' or 'gender equivalent' institutions that would encourage organizations to meet standards for minimizing gender bias and promoting supportive work environments. Seventh, novel approaches to adjusting job responsibilities of faculty, staff, and students to permit them to deal with family/life issues are needed that do not carry stigmas. Finally, faculty and national laboratory staff need to promote the benefits of their careers to women so that a more positive image of the job of materials scientist or materials engineer is presented.
An Energy Approach to Static Balancing of Systems With Torsion Stiffness (2011)

Static balance can be applied to improve the energy efficiency of mechanisms. In the field of static balancing, there is a lack of knowledge and design methods that are capable of dealing with torsional stiffness. This paper presents a design approach for statically balanced mechanisms, with the focus on mechanisms with torsional stiffness. The approach is graphical in nature and is based on the requirement of constant potential energy. The first achievements of this approach are presented as two conceptual designs of different types of mechanisms. One of them is developed further into a prototype and tested. The prototype has a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a normalized mean squared error of 0.12 with respect to the mechanical model of the conceptual design.
Entrainer Based Reactive Distillation for Esterification of Ethylene Glycol with Acetic Acid (2009)

In this paper, we study the potential of entrainer in reactive distillation involving high boiling reactants to decrease the reactive stage temperature and for separation of one of the products to enhance the conversion. Esterification of ethylene glycol with acetic acid in the presence of Amberlyst 36 with 1,2-dichloro ethane (EDC), as an entrainer, is chosen as the model reaction. The effect of different parameters on selectivity of diacetate of ethylene glycol (DAEG) in entrainer based reactive distillation (EBRD) has been studied both through experiments and simulations. The results show that, by using entrainer, it is possible to obtain close to 100% selectivity toward diester even with a stoichiometric mole ratio, which is otherwise not possible in a conventional reactor.
Fundamental limits of Bayesian inference: order parameters and phase transitions for road tracking (2000)

There is a growing interest in formulating vision problems in terms of Bayesian inference and, in particular, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. In this paper, we consider the special case of detecting roads from aerial images and demonstrate that analysis of this ensemble enables us to determine fundamental bounds on the performance of the MAP estimate. We demonstrate that there is a phase transition at a critical value of the order parameter; below this phase transition, it is impossible to detect the road by any algorithm. We derive closely related order parameters which determine the time and memory complexity of search and the accuracy of the solution using the n* search strategy. Our approach can be applied to other vision problems, and we briefly summarize the results when the model uses the "wrong prior". We comment on how our work relates to studies of the complexity of visual search and the critical behaviour in the computational cost of solving NP-complete problems.
Evidence for down-regulation of highly expressed TCR by CD4 and CD45 on non-selected CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>thymocytes (1996)

Immature CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes are positively selected for further development if they express TCR reacting with thymic ligands of low affinity. However, the majority of DP thymocytes express low TCR levels. This low level of TCR may be insufficient to recognize thymic ligands. To understand the basis for the low expression of TCR on DP thymocytes, we determined the density of TCR expression at various stages of their development using TCR transgenic (TCR-Tg) mice. We found that TCR expression was high in the thymocytes that had recently transited into the DP stage but then gradually decreased on DP cells if they were not selected by TCR interaction with MHC molecules. However, such TCR suppression was not observed in positively selected DP cells and in the non-selected DP cells obtained from CD45 deficient mice or from mice receiving anti-CD4 mAb. These findings suggest that the once highly expressed TCR at the DP stage is suppressed by CD45 and/or CD4 on non-selected thymocytes. Furthermore, TCR suppression is prevented by TCR-mediated signals. The maintenance of high TCR levels on positively selected DP thymocytes may facilitate their selection.
組換え型ヒトインターフェロンIFN-α2とIFN-ω1の抗ウイルス活性 (1995)

Acute or chronic infections of nasal and paranasal sinuses are very common. Previously a clear-cut classification based on the anatomy of nasal and paranasal sinuses was used when referring to infection of this region. When symptoms of infection or inflammation were present only within the nasal cavity, the condition was called rhinitis. In case the patient presented with symptoms or findings within the paranasal sinuses, it was called sinusitis. Research data obtained during the last few decades have added the term rhinosinusitis to the applied terminology.
CD200 (OX-2 Membrane Glycoprotein) is Expressed by Follicular T Helper Cells and in Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (2010)

CD200, an immunoglobulin superfamily membrane glycoprotein, is expressed in B cells, a subset of T cells, and in a range of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We recently found, by immunohistochemical staining, that follicular helper T cells associated with neoplastic L and H cells in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, express CD200. Here we show that CD200 is expressed by follicular helper T cells in reactive lymphoid tissue, using single-color and 2-color immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical staining of a range of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders shows that the neoplastic cells in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma are immunoreactive for CD200, and the pattern of expression is similar to that of other follicular helper T-cell markers, PD-1 and CXCL13. In contrast, only a minority of cases of T-cell neoplasms other than angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma are immunoreactive for CD200. A subset of CD200-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, cases may represent evolving angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma or another neoplasm derived from follicular T helper cells. We conclude that CD200 is a useful immunophenotypic marker of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and may be a suitable therapeutic target for an anti-CD200 immunotherapy undergoing clinical trial.
Neuromodulation of Decision-Making in the Addictive Brain (2010)

Noninvasive brain stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation can modify decision-making behaviors in healthy subjects. The same type of noninvasive brain stimulation can suppress drug craving in substance user patients, who often display impaired decision-making behaviors. We discuss the implications of these studies for the cognitive neurosciences and their translational applications to the treatment of addictions. We propose a neurocognitive model that can account for our findings and suggests a promising therapeutic role of brain stimulation in the treatment of substance abuse and addictive behavior disorders.
An Advanced Class of Bio‐Hybrid Materials: Bionanocomposites of Inorganic Clays and Organic Stereocomplex Polylactides (2012)

Abstract Bio‐stereo nanocomposite polylactides are prepared by polymerization followed by stereocomplexation in scCO 2 /dichloromethane through in situ polymerization and master batch processes. The bio‐stereo nanocomposite polylactides show intercalated‐exfoliated and fully exfoliated nanoscale clay distribution in a perfect stereocomplex polylactide matrix. In situ polymerization proves better strategy to produce well‐exfoliated silicate layers in the stereocomplex matrix compared to the MB route that increases the melting temperature by up to ≈64 °C. The thermal properties of these materials maintain both stereocomplex and nanocomposite features simultaneously. The results open a new and versatile way to develop polylactide‐based materials. magnified image
V355: Laparsocopic Partial Adrenalectomy (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session 1, Sunday, May 20, 2007 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2007V355: Laparsocopic Partial Adrenalectomy Kambiz Tajkarimi, Manish A. Vira, Craig G. Rogers, W. Marston Linehan, Jonathan A. Coleman, and Peter A. Pinto Kambiz TajkarimiKambiz Tajkarimi More articles by this author , Manish A. ViraManish A. Vira More articles by this author , Craig G. RogersCraig G. Rogers More articles by this author , W. Marston LinehanW. Marston Linehan More articles by this author , Jonathan A. ColemanJonathan A. Coleman More articles by this author , and Peter A. PintoPeter A. Pinto More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32142-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "V355: Laparsocopic Partial Adrenalectomy." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), pp. 118–119 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 118-119 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Kambiz Tajkarimi More articles by this author Manish A. Vira More articles by this author Craig G. Rogers More articles by this author W. Marston Linehan More articles by this author Jonathan A. Coleman More articles by this author Peter A. Pinto More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Cardiovascular Effects of Anticholinergic Agents Administered During Halothane Anesthesia in Children (1989)

Comment In contrast to the expectations raised by the title of this study, the principal documentable findings are: 1) a relatively high incidence of “benign” cardiac dysrhythmias during induction of anesthesia with halothane; and 2) an increase in heart rate when either glycopyrrolate or atropine are administered intravenously. So what else is new? Richard F. Davis, M.D.
<title>Comparison of multiconjugate adaptive optics configurations and control algorithms for the Gemini South 8-m telescope</title> (2000)

This paper focuses on two main categories of the multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) parameter space for performance optimization: the geometrical configuration of guide stars and deformable mirrors (DMs), and the wavefront reconstructors. From the first category it is shown how, for a fixed reconstructor and imaging wavelength, the performance metrics with a few important exceptions improve with an increasing number of (1) DMs, (2) actuators per DM and (3) guide stars. The metrics are seen to degrade with (1) an increasing field of compensation and (2) DM conjugation altitude mismatch with the significant turbulent atmospheric layers. In the second category, this study also compares the performance with a fixed MCAO configuration using the least- square estimator (LSE) and the maximum a posteriori estimator (MAP) for wavefront reconstruction. The MAP is shown to perform significantly better than the LSE at low or intermediate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and somewhat better even in the absence of noise due to its a priori knowledge of the phase statistics.
Internet expansion, refinement and churn (2002)

Abstract We analyze the evolution of the global Internet interdomain routing system on AS, prefix and IP address level granularities, using snapshots of Route Views BGP tables from 1997 to 2001. We introduce the notion of semiglob‐ally routed prefixes , those present in the majority of backbone tables, and classify them into standalone ‐ those which have no subsets, no supersets; root — have subsets, but no supersets; and subset, or more specific , which are subsets of other blocks. Using these distinctions we find that from 1999 to 2001 many measures of routing system complexity demonstrated stability in the form of slow growth, dynamic equilibrium, and occasional contraction. We find that many net change measures reflect contributions of opposite sign, and that true measure of variation, or chum, is the sum of their absolute magnitudes rather than the difference. Appearance and disappearance of prefixes, ASes and Route Views peers, as well as status changes (an AS changing from transit to non‐transit, or a prefix shifting from a standalone prefix to a root prefix) are instances of routing system churn. One advantage of using our notion of semiglobal prefixes is that they exhibit less chum than global prefixes (those prefixes common to all backbone tables) and as such allow for derivation of more robust macroscopic statistics about the routing system. We study route prefix instability at a medium time granularity for late 2001 using 2‐hour snapshots of BGP tables, and find that half of all prefix reannouncements (flips) are contributed by 1% of all ASes, with government networks, telecoms in developing countries and major backbone ISPs at the top of the list of instability contributors. Small ASes (those who originate only a few prefixes into the global routing system) do not contribute more than their fair share of either route entries or churn to the global routing system. We conclude that during 1999‐2001 many Internet metrics were stable, and that the routing system's growth and instability are mostly caused by large and medium‐sized ISPs.
High contrast solid state electrochromic devices based on Ruthenium Purple nanocomposites fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly (2008)

Electrochromic Ruthenium Purple-polymer nanocomposite films, fabricated by multilayer assembly, were found to exhibit sub-second switching speed and the highest electrochromic contrast reported to date for any inorganic material.
Down‐regulation of proteolytic activity in 12‐<i>O</i>‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced k562 leukemia cell cultures: Depletion of active urokinase by excess type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (1989)

The human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 acquires several megakaryoblastoid features when cultured in the presence of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We observed strongly increased secretion of several proteins into the culture media of K562 cells within a few hours of TPA treatment. Two of the major secreted polypeptides were identified by immunoprecipitation from media of metabolically labeled cultures as the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Maximal amounts of PAI-1 mRNA and secretion of PAI-1 polypeptides were observed after 24 hr of TPA treatment and PAI-1 persisted at elevated levels for several days. The induction of PAI-1 mRNA was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. Uninduced and induced cells secreted urokinase plasminogen activator in its single-chain proenzyme form (pro-u-PA), which was cleaved extracellularly to the active two-chain form as shown by pulse-chase labeling experiments. Upon TPA induction, the secretion of u-PA polypeptides increased severalfold, and there was a transient accumulation of pro-u-PA in the culture medium. However, this did not lead to increased u-PA activity in the cultures, since active u-PA was removed by complex formation with the large excess of coinduced PAI-1. Induction of u-PA mRNA was biphasic: The first peak of about tenfold increase in steady-state u-PA mRNA at 3 hr was followed by a steep decline to the baseline level at 12 hr, and a second, slower accumulation of u-PA mRNA occurred over the next few days. The biphasic accumulation of u-PA mRNA was also reflected in u-PA protein synthesis. We conclude that concerted changes in favor of a nonproteolytic extracellular environment occur in TPA-induced K562 cultures undergoing megakaryoblastoid differentiation. These changes include excessive secretion of TIMP and inhibition of the induced u-PA by the simultaneous accumulation of PAI-1.
Adenovirus Vectors Based on Human Adenovirus Type 19a Have High Potential for Human Muscle-Directed Gene Therapy (2006)

Until recently, adenovirus-based gene therapy has been almost exclusively based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). The aim of this study was to systematically compare the efficiency of transduction of primary muscle cells from various species by two adenoviral vectors from subgroups C and D. Transduction of a panel of myoblasts demonstrated a striking specificity of an Ad19a-based replication-defective E1-deleted vector (Ad19aEGFP) for human cells, whereas the Ad5-based vector had high affinity for nonhuman primate myoblasts. Transgene expression correlated well with cell-associated vector genomes. Up to 6.59% of the initially applied Ad19aEGFP vector particles were taken up by human myoblasts, as compared with 0.1% of the corresponding Ad5 vector. Remarkably, Ad19aEGFP but not Ad5EGFP efficiently transduced differentiated human myotubes, an in vitro model for skeletal muscle transduction. Uptake of Ad19aEGFP vector particles in human myotubes was 12-fold more efficient than that of Ad5EGFP. Moreover, both vectors demonstrated an early block at the level of vector uptake in mouse myoblasts and rat L6 cells. Investigation of the underlying mechanism for binding and uptake of the two vectors by human myoblasts showed high susceptibility for Ad19a to neuraminidase and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin, whereas Ad5-mediated transduction was dependent on binding to the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and sensitive to soluble RGD peptide and heparin. Our study offers insights into species-dependent factors that determine Ad tropism and, moreover, provides a basis for application of the novel Ad19a-based vector for gene transfer into human skeletal muscle.
First Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-α-<scp>d</scp>-ribosyl-1-phosphate:  Novel Application of Crystallization-Induced Asymmetric Transformation (2002)

A first stereoselective synthesis of bis(cyclohexylamine) 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-phosphate has been achieved. The synthesis features a key crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation (AT) to generate a desired alpha-anomer in 99% yield at a 98.8:1.2 ratio of alpha/beta.
Reactively sputtered nickel nitride as electrocatalytic counter electrode for dye- and quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (2015)

Nickel nitride electrodes were prepared by reactive sputtering of nickel under a N2 atmosphere at room temperature for application in mesoscopic dye- or quantum dot- sensitized solar cells. This facile and reliable method led to the formation of a Ni2N film with a cauliflower-like nanostructure and tetrahedral crystal lattice. The prepared nickel nitride electrodes exhibited an excellent chemical stability toward both iodide and polysulfide redox electrolytes. Compared to conventional Pt electrodes, the nickel nitride electrodes showed an inferior electrocatalytic activity for the iodide redox electrolyte; however, it displayed a considerably superior electrocatalytic activity for the polysulfide redox electrolyte. As a result, compared to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), with a conversion efficiency (η) = 7.62%, and CdSe-based quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs, η = 2.01%) employing Pt counter electrodes (CEs), the nickel nitride CEs exhibited a lower conversion efficiency (η = 3.75%) when applied to DSCs, but an enhanced conversion efficiency (η = 2.80%) when applied to CdSe-based QDSCs.
Implementing predictive distribution maintenance using a universal controller (2014)

Traditionally, on-line condition monitoring, a subset of condition based maintenance (CBM) or just in time (JIT) maintenance, was applied only to transmission substation equipment. Recently, the evolution of technologies such as: sensors, intelligent electronic devices (IED) and wireless communication, has created the possibility for implementing predictive maintenance in distribution as well. Standardization of different major distribution equipment (MDE) controllers is the first step in leveraging their potential implying interoperability, interchangeability, development and implementation of smart distribution applications (SDA) including predictive maintenance. This paper describes the advantages of a standardized universal controller, based on a modular concept, on distribution maintenance, namely on implementing the more efficient and less costly JIT maintenance.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Cyclic Diarylheptanoids as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics (2019)

A series of CDHs were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial, antiproliferative, and topo-I & -IIα inhibitory activities. SARs study, molecular docking study and in silico ADME analysis were conducted. Five compounds exhibited excellent and selective antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer cell line (T47D). Among them, a compound 2h showed topo-IIα activity by 30% at 100µM, which represented a moderate intensity of inhibition compared with etoposide. Three of them formed hydrogen bonds with Thr215, Asn91, Asn120, and Ala167 residues, which are considered as crucial residues for binding to the ATPase domain of topoisomerase IIα. According to in silico drug-likeness property analysis, three compounds are expected to show superiority over etoposide in case of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.