gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production de protéines alimentaires par procédé bactérien aérobie thermophile: étude de cas d'un effluent d'abattoir. (1987)

Les rejets de l'industrie de l'abattage et de la préparation des viandes ont\nété classés les plus dommageables a l'environnement par l'EPA (Agence de\nprotection de l'environnement des États-Unis) parmi les effluents\nagro-industriels. Ces eaux usées, caractérisées par une demande en oxygène\nélevée, une odeur et une couleur marquée et une qualité bactériologique\nmédiocre, ne peuvent être ni déversées dans un cours d'eau pour des raisons\nécologiques, ni rejetées dans un égoût municipal parce que causant de sérieux\nproblèmes d'opération lors du traitement conjoint avec les effluents\ndomestiques; ces effluents doivent donc être traités à un niveau acceptable sur\nle site même de l'usine, et à un coût élevé. D'autre part, ces effluents sont\ngénéralement libres de contamination par les métaux lourds et par les\npesticides, et facilement traitables par voies biologiques; il se prêtent donc\nbien à un procédé produisant une biomasse commercialisable pour l'alimentation\nanimale.\nLe procédé aérobie thermophile proposé, dérivé du procédé de traitement par\nboues activées, consiste à multiplier dans un effluent une culture bactérienne\nmixte en conditions aérobie à une température variant entre 45 et 65°C. La\nbiomasse protéique ainsi cultivée est séparée du milieu de croissance par\nsédimentation gravitaire et par centrifugation, et ensuite séchée, avant d'être\nincorporée dans l'alimentation animale. Afin de démontrer la faisabilité\ntechnique de cette approche, un effluent d'abattoir a été soumis a une série\nd'essais à l'échelle du laboratoire dans un bio-réacteur opéré sans recyclage\ndes cellules, à des températures de 45, 52 et 58°C. L'efficacité du procédé\nsur le plan traitement a été révélée par l'enlèvement de plus de 90% de la DCO\n(demande chimique en oxygène) pour tous les temps de séjour étudiés (6, 12, 18,\n24 et 30 heures) à 45 et 52°C, alors qu'à 58°C une réduction de plus de 86%\nétait atteinte, exception faite du temps de séjour de 6 heures. L'efficacité\nde l'enlèvement du phosphore s'est aussi montrée excellente avec une réduction\nde plus de 74% de l'orthophosphate à tous les temps de séjour étudiés. En\noutre, le contenu en protéines brutes de la biomasse recueillie a atteint en\nmoyenne près de 70%, et la composition en acides aminés de la protéine est\nadéquate pour autoriser l'introduction de la biomasse à titre de concentré dans\nles rations alimentaires du porc et de la volaille.\n
Development of Sheathless Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and Investigations of Associated Electrochemical Processes – A Fairy Tale (2004)

In microscale separations, such as capillary electrophoresis and -liquid chromatography, the liquid flow rates are in the order of nanoliters per second. If such flow rates are to be interfaced with a mass spectrometer (MS) using electrospray (ES) ionization, without loss of separation efficiency, each fraction of the analyte zone must remain undisturbed by the high voltage contact necessary for ES. One design that accomplishes this is the pure sheathless approach, where a thin, vapor deposited metal film covers the outside of the electrospray emitter tip. This thesis describes the development of such sheathless emitters. The lifetimes of polymer embedded gold (“fairy dust”) or graphite (“black dust”) emitters were shown to by far exceed those of previously used conductive films. In addition, the production of emitters with these coatings was substantially simplified. The increase in durability was found to be due to enhanced resistance towards the electrochemical processes associated with ES. In analogy, the reasons for the limited durability of previously used methods were correlated with their tendency to oxidize, or be mechanically removed, during electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical processes associated with the electrospray potential were also found to seriously disturb analyses in which porous graphitic carbon was used as the separation medium. A proper choice of grounding point locations eliminated these disturbances. At last, the differences regarding analytical performance of several sheathless interface configurations, used in capillary liquid chromatography, were examined. The best performance was obtained when a pure sheathless emitter with a conductive layer of polyimide and graphite was coupled to the LC column through a Teflon sleeve.
A Study on the Preparation of Catalyst for Formaldehyde Synthesis by Vapor Phase Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether (1968)

ジメチルエーテルの酸化反応によるホルムアルデヒドの合成反応において主として金属酸化物について触媒の探索をおこなった結果,酸化タングステン(WO3)が転化率,選択率ともにすぐれていることを見出した。さらに本触媒の調製条件,成型法および寿命試験にっいて検討し次の結果を得た。(1)WO3は,熱分解法,酸分解法,中和沈殿法のいずれで調製してもよいが,その成型性からみて酸分解法または中和沈殿法が好ましい。(2)WO3にリン酸をP/WO3=0.01～0.02g/g添加して低表面積アランダム担体にコーティングすることによって,工業的使用に耐え得ると思われる触媒を成型することができた。(3)WO3のみおよび(2)で作ったコーティング触媒を用いて,寿命試験をおこなった結果,1000～1500時間にわたりほとんど活性が変化せず,SV=2500～3000,温度500℃,ジメチルエーテル濃度4.5～5.0%の条件で転化率90%,収率60～70%を保った。
CHARITÉ Versus ProDisc (2007)

While clinical outcomes of both CHARITE and ProDisc groups were fairly good, the facet joint of the index level and the disc at the adjacent level showed an aggravation of the degenerative process in a significant number of patients, regardless of the device used, raising concerns of possible late consequences of total disc replacement, especially regarding facet arthrosis and adjacent segment disease.
Qualitative test and force optimization of 3-D frictional form-closure grasps using linear programming (1999)

This paper formalizes qualitative test of 3D frictional form-closure grasps of n robotic fingers as a problem of linear programming (LP). It is well-known that a sufficient and necessary condition for form-closure grasps is that the origin of the wrench space lies inside the convex hull of primitive contact wrenches. We demonstrate that the problem of querying whether the origin lies inside the convex hull is equivalent to a ray-shooting problem, which is dual to a LP problem based on the duality between convex hulls and convex polytopes. Furthermore, this paper addresses a problem of minimizing the L/sub 1/ norm of the grasp forces balancing an external wrench, which can be also transformed to a ray-shooting problem. We have implemented the algorithms and confirmed their real-time efficiency for qualitative test and grasp force optimization.
Mutagenicity of Malonaldehyde, a Decomposition Product of Peroxidized Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (1976)

Incubation of histidine requiring auxotrophs of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium with malonaldehyde, a three-carbon dialdehyde, produced an increased number of revertants in specific strains. Mutagenesis was only observed in frameshift mutants with normal excision repair and did not occur in those base-pair substitution mutants tested. The results are consistent with the cross-linking of bacterial DNA by malonaldehyde leading to mutagenesis expressed through the error-prone repair system.
Specific Electromagnetic Effects of Microwave Radiation on Escherichia coli (2011)

The present study investigated the effects of microwave (MW) radiation applied under a sublethal temperature on Escherichia coli. The experiments were conducted at a frequency of 18 GHz and at a temperature below 40°C to avoid the thermal degradation of bacterial cells during exposure. The absorbed power was calculated to be 1,500 kW/m(3), and the electric field was determined to be 300 V/m. Both values were theoretically confirmed using CST Microwave Studio 3D Electromagnetic Simulation Software. As a negative control, E. coli cells were also thermally heated to temperatures up to 40°C using Peltier plate heating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis performed immediately after MW exposure revealed that the E. coli cells exhibited a cell morphology significantly different from that of the negative controls. This MW effect, however, appeared to be temporary, as following a further 10-min elapsed period, the cell morphology appeared to revert to a state that was identical to that of the untreated controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran (150 kDa) was taken up by the MW-treated cells, suggesting that pores had formed within the cell membrane. Cell viability experiments revealed that the MW treatment was not bactericidal, since 88% of the cells were recovered after radiation. It is proposed that one of the effects of exposing E. coli cells to MW radiation under sublethal temperature conditions is that the cell surface undergoes a modification that is electrokinetic in nature, resulting in a reversible MW-induced poration of the cell membrane.
Elusive affinities (1995)

The affinity of two molecules for each other and its temperature dependence are determined by the change in enthalpy, free enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity upon dissociation. As we know the forces that stabilize protein-protein or protein-DNA association and the three-dimensional structures of the complex, we can in principle derive values for each one of these parameters. The calculation is done first in gas phase by molecular mechanics, then in solution with the help of hydration parameters calibrated on small molecules. However, estimates of enthalpy and entropy changes in gas phase have excessively large error bars even under the approximation that the components of the complex associate as rigid bodies. No reliable result can be expected at the end. The fit to experimental values derived from binding and calorimetric measurements is poor, except for the dissociation heat capacity. This parameter can be attributed mostly to the hydration step and it correlates with the size of the interface. Many protein-protein complexes have interface areas in the range 1200-2000 A2 and only small conformation changes, so the rigid body approximation applies. It is less generally valid in protein-DNA complexes, which have interfaces covering 2200-3100 A2, large dissociation heat capacities, and affect both the conformation and the dynamics of their components.
Ribosomal RNA metabolism during renal hypertrophy. Evidence of decreased degradation of newly synthesized ribosomal RNA. (1975)

The degradation rates of kidney rRNA labeled before UNI or sham are unchanged 5 days after the operations (t one-and-a half, 88 h). Therefore, there is no contribution from pre-existing rRNA to the increased amount of rRNA in the stimulated kidney. After labeling with L-(methyl-3H)methionine, the kinetics of incorporation into rRNA precursors, 10-60 min and at the postoperative times of 4, 16, 36, and 96 h. The specific activity of cytoplasmic rRNA after 1-h labeling with L-(methyl-3H)methionine increased occured at 4 or 96 h. Since (a) the rate of degradation of rRNA, (b) the kinetics of incorporation and processing of rRNA precursors, and (c) the rate of RNA synthesis appear unchanged after UNI, the accretion of rRNA must involve decreased degradation of newly synthesized rRNA.
Control of the Magnetic Anisotropy of a Co/Pt Nanomultilayer with Embedded Particles (2002)

Embedded particles make a magnetic difference! Co/Pt nanomultilayers containing particles have smaller coercivity fields than their particle-free counterparts. Moreover, they also exhibit bi-axial magnetic anisotropy and a critical field at which the easy direction turns from parallel to perpendicular. The Figure shows a magnetic phase diagram with graphical representations of anisotropic energy surfaces for each of the four existing phases.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrospinning of Calcium-Containing Polyurethane Urea (2015)

Calcium-containing segmented polyurethane urea was synthesized using a calcium salt of p-aminobenzoic acid, polytetramethylene glycol, and 4,4′-methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and thereafter fabricated into three-dimensional scaffolds for the use in biomedical applications. Biocompatibility evaluation of the polymer showed that this newly developed metal-containing polyurethane urea demonstrated good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The fabricating ability of the metal-containing polymer was studied by the electrospinning process. The effect of various parameters such as polymer concentration, applied voltage, and flow rate on the electrospinning process, morphology, and diameter of the resultant fibers was investigated. The findings indicate that increasing the concentration and flow rate of the solution increases the fiber diameter. It was also demonstrated that increasing the applied voltage decreases the fiber diameter. Mechanical property evaluation of the scaffolds showed that the strength of the scaffold depends on both the diameter and morphology of the fibers. As the fiber diameter increases from 1.6 to 3.02 μm, the tensile strength enhanced from 3 to 7 MPa.
Combining calls from multiple somatic mutation-callers (2014)

The approach allows us to build a combined caller across the full range of stringency levels, which outperforms all of the individual callers.
Mineralsystematik (1955)

Um die Mannigfaltigkeit der in der Natur auftretenden Formen des Stoffes darstellen zu können, ist es notwendig, eine Systematik zu schaffen — eine Reihung, in welcher jeder Mineralart eine und nur eine Stelle zukommt.
High conversion efficiency fiber optical parametric oscillator (2011)

We present a χ(3) fiber parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency from the input pump wave to the output parametric sidebands. By introducing an intracavity filter detuned from the oscillator's phase-matched frequency conversion efficiencies considerably higher than those possible when operating at the phase-matched frequency are demonstrated. Experimentally we are able to obtain a total internal conversion efficiency in excess of 93% from the pump to the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands.
INHERITANCE STUDIES IN PISUM. III. THE INHERITANCE OF HEIGHT IN PEAS (1918)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Intermetallic PtPb Nanodendrites (2009)

We report on a facile and environment-friendly route to synthesize intermetallic PtPb nanodendrites with controllable compositions. This involves a hydrothermal-assisted coreduction of Pt and Pb inorganic precursors by formic acid in aqueous solutions without the use of any surfactant or polymer. Our systematic structural characterization and in situ electrochemical infrared spectroscopic studies of the formed PtPb nanodendrites reveal that the underlying morphogenesis, resulting from the intermetallic phase evolution from a Pt-based face-centered cubic to a PtPb hexagonal type, is responsible for the significant improvement of electrocatalytic activities toward the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid. A foreign-particles-induced growth mechanism is proposed to account for the underlying dendritic growth process. The facile approach described in this study is further demonstrated to be universal for growing a variety of intermetallic nanodendrites, thus opening a door to develop and study novel nanodendritic materials.
A Branch-and-Bound Procedure for the Multiple Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (1992)

In this paper a branch-and-bound procedure is described for scheduling the activities of a project of the PERT/CPM variety subject to precedence and resource constraints where the objective is to minimize project duration. The procedure is based on a depth-first solution strategy in which nodes in the solution tree represent resource and precedence feasible partial schedules. Branches emanating from a parent node correspond to exhaustive and minimal combinations of activities, the delay of which resolves resource conflicts at each parent node. Precedence and resource-based bounds described in the paper are combined with new dominance pruning rules to rapidly fathom major portions of the solution tree. The procedure is programmed in the C language for use on both a mainframe and a personal computer. The procedure has been validated using a standard set of test problems with between 7 and 50 activities requiring up to three resource types each. Computational experience on a personal computer indicates that the procedure is 11.6 times faster than the most rapid solution procedure reported in the literature while requiring less computer storage. Moreover, problems requiring large amounts of computer time using existing approaches for solving this problem type are rapidly solved with our procedure using the dominance rules described, resulting in a significant reduction in the variability in solution times as well.
The roles of the surface and bulk of the semi-insulating substrate in low-frequency anomalies of GaAs integrated circuits (1985)

We investigate in detail two anomalies in metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET) which are detrimental to their operation in a GaAs integrated circuit (IC). The first of these is side-gating and consists in a parasitic very-low-frequency transconductance between a MESFET and an isolated electrode or side gate sharing the same semi-insulating (SI) substrate. The second anomaly is kinetic and consists in a parasitic transient in the drain-source current following an abrupt change in drain-source voltage. The time constants of the transients are observed to be very sensitive to the side-gate electrode potential. The effects of different technological and operational parameters are studied. One surprising result is the very high sensitivity of side-gating to chemical wet and dry treatments and to dielectric encapsulation of the unprotected substrate surfaces. We also report low-frequency oscillations related to side-gating. Physical models are proposed and yield consistent interpretations of our experimental observations.
Formulation and evaluation of xanthan gum based aceclofenac tablets for colon targeted drug delivery (2011)

The objective of the present study is to develop a colon targeted drug delivery systems for Aceclofenac using xanthan gum as a carrier. In this study, multilayer coated system that is resistant to gastric and small intestinal conditions but can be easily degraded by colonic bacterial enzymes was designed to achieve effective colon delivery of Aceclofenac. The xanthan gum, the drug and the physical mixture were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the formulations were evaluated for hardness, drug content uniformity and other physical properties. Release aspects of Aceclofenac in simulated gastrointestinal fluid and colonic fluid with enzymes were investigated. From these results, Eudragit coated system exhibited gastric and small intestinal resistance to the release of Aceclofenac. The rapid increase in release of Aceclofenac in SCF was revealed as due to the degradation of the xanthan gum membrane by bacterial enzymes. The designed system could be used potentially as a carrier for colon delivery of Aceclofenac by regulating drug release in stomach and the small intestine.
Conversion of Cotton Wastes to Bioenergy and Value-Added Products (2008)

Cotton accounts for nearly 40% of global fiber production. While approximately 80 countries worldwide produce cotton, the U.S., China, and India together provide over half the world's cotton. High cotton production is accompanied by generation of tons of cotton waste each year. Large amounts of residue from the field and gins results in not only environmental problems due to disposal issues and cotton diseases and pests, but also difficulties in cultivation due to slow decomposition in the soil. Development of economical and efficient methods for utilizing and/or disposing of cotton waste have been investigated for years, but scale-up and marketing issues need to be resolved. Cotton waste can be used as an energy source through briquetting, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion. Studies suggest that composition of cotton waste is similar to other lignocellulosic feedstocks, and it has the potential to be used for bioethanol production. However, proper pretreatment strategies need to be developed to reduce lignin (comprising approximately 30%). Cotton waste can also be processed into industrial products such as animal feed and bedding, soil amendment, and substrate for vegetative growth through various treatments. Enzyme production through utilization of cotton waste as a carbon source is another potential application. A review of the various conversion processes suggests that although cotton waste is suitable for the production of a variety of products, in-depth investigation at the pilot scale is essential to determine process efficacy and economic feasibility.
Rhizosphere Phosphorus Depletion Induced by Heavy Nitrogen Fertilization in Forest Nursery Soils (1995)

Abstract The cause of N‐induced P deficiency in white spruce [ Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings was investigated in a greenhouse pot trial testing factorial additions of ammonium nitrate (AN) and phosphoric acid (PA) to root zone and root‐free compartmentalized soils. Plant growth was significantly improved by combined N and P topdressings during the growing season. However, N‐only fertilization induced P deficiency symptoms and reduced biomass and P status in shoots, demonstrating an apparent N antagonism on P. Phosphorus availability in this treatment also was 35% lower in the rhizosphere soil than in the root‐free bulk soil, reflecting rhizosphere P depletion. Soil acidity and Al activity were increased most by AN‐only applications, probably contributing to reduced P availability. A diagnosis of induced Al toxicity by N fertilization based on plant analysis data was supported by symptoms of root injury. Phosphorus capture by ion‐exchange resin bags at the base of the pots was lower than that of N with combined N‐P applications, suggesting rapid fixation and low mobility of P in the soil compared with N. Nitrogen‐induced rhizosphere P depletion in this nursery soil was attributed to restricted root development of seedlings due to Al toxicity, reduced P availability by Al‐phosphate precipitation, and low P replenishment because of slow diffusion from the bulk soil. Topdressing with both PA and AN increased P availability in the rhizosphere (320 mg kg −1 ), reduced soil extractable Al by 40% compared with AN‐alone treatments, and increased plant uptake of N and P by 270%, resulting in positive N × P interactions on plant growth.
The Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Behavior of p-Benzotrifluoride Compounds II (1989)

Abstract Four compounds with the general structure R‒X‒Y‒CH2‒CH2‒Ph‒CF3 were synthesized, where X is a 1,4 disubstituted trans-cyclohexyl ring, Y is a phenyl ring, and R is a n-alkyl group. The synthetic procedure is discussed and the structural assignments were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The liquid crystal behavior of these compounds was evaluated by DSC and polarizing microscopy. They might be used in fast switching liquid crystal mixtures.
A 30 GHz highly integrated LTCC antenna element for digital beam forming arrays (2005)

The increasing demand for mobile access to fast data services is one of the drivers for future broadband satellite systems. In-flight data exchange between aircraft and satellites for real-time Internet access is a prominent example for this kind of satellite link. Antennas employing digital beam-forming provide the fast and flexible reconfigurability required in such a system without the necessity for moving mechanical parts. The antenna presented is a circularly polarised, 4/spl times/4 element array building block. This module can be used for a digital beam forming terminal transmitting system operating at 29.75 GHz (Baggen, L. et al., IEEE Phased Array Systems and Technology, p.571-76, 2003). The array features a calibration network as well as transmitting circuitry for each single element. This high density integration task is achieved by the vertical integration of antenna and circuitries in an LTCC multilayer module.