gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Young’s modulus of the reduced layer of a piezoelectric RAINBOW actuator (1998)

The reduced and internally biased oxide wafer (RAINBOW) actuator, a new type of monolithic piezoelectric bending device, is composed of a reduced electromechanically passive layer and an unreduced piezoelectric layer. The determination of the elastic properties of the reduced layer is important for optimizing actuator performance. In this paper, an analytical expression for bending resonant frequency is derived for the cantilever RAINBOW actuator by using composite beam theory. A resonance method is then described for determining Young’s modulus of the reduced layer of RAINBOW actuator. As a piezoelectric bending actuator, RAINBOW can be excited by its electromechanically active PZT layer without using any external excitation method. Young’s modulus can be calculated by measuring its resonant frequency, sample geometry, and densities of component parts. For comparison, the Young’s modulus is also determined by measuring the resonant frequency of a completely reduced plate with an external acoustic excitation method. The results obtained by these two excitation methods show good agreement.
The Application Of Chinese Natural Language Understanding To Robot Control (2005)

This paper describes a computer system which makes robot understand Chinese natural language sentences dealing with the situation of robot. For a declarative sentence, the system draws the Internal expression of the sentence and stores it in a database; for a question sentence, the system answers it through the reasoning ability of prolog system; for a imperative sentence , the system makes our robot act according to the natural language command.
rRNA gene organization in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (1992)

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. The causative agent is the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The copy number and organization of the genes encoding the rRNAs of this organism were determined. There is a single gene for 16S rRNA and two copies each of the 23S rRNA and 5S rRNA genes. All of the genes are located within a chromosomal fragment of approximately 9.5 to 10.0 kb. The 23S and 5S rRNA genes are tandemly duplicated in the order 23S-5S-23S-5S and are apparently not linked to the 16S rRNA gene, which is situated over 2 kb upstream from the 23S-5S duplication. The individual copies of the 23S-5S duplication are separated by a 182-bp spacer. Within each 23S-5S unit, an identical 22-bp spacer separates the 23S and 5S rRNA sequences from each other. The genome organization of the 23S-5S gene cluster in a number of different B. burgdorferi isolates obtained at a number of different geographical locations, as well as in several other species of Borrelia, was investigated. All isolates of B. burgdorferi tested displayed the tandem duplication, whereas the closely related species B. hermsii, B. anserina, and B. turicatae all contained a single copy of each of the genes. In addition, different geographical isolates of B. burgdorferi can be differentiated on the basis of a restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with the 23S-5S gene cluster. This polymorphism can be a useful tool for the determination of genetic relatedness between different isolates of B. burgdorferi.
Assessment of DNA damage and repair in Mycobacterium terrae after exposure to UV irradiation (2006)

There is no practical difference between UV sources for disinfection or prevention of DNA repair for M. terrae. The capability of M. terrae to photo-repair UV damage fairly quickly is important for wastewater treatment applications where disinfected effluent is exposed to sunlight. Finally, molecular based assay results should be evaluated with respect to differences in the nucleic acid content of the test micro-organism.
Supervising the Finances of the Third Earl of Huntingdon, 1580–1595 (1967)

Supervising the Finances of the Third Earl of Huntingdon, 1580–1595 Get access Claire Cross Claire Cross Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Volume 40, Issue 101, May 1967, Pages 34–49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1967.tb02134.x Published: 12 October 2007
A Comparative Review of Crystalloid, Albumin, Pentastarch and Hetastarch as Perfusates for Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1997)

A comparative review is made of the four most common asanguineous solutions used for the priming of cardiopulmonary bypass equipment. Increasing health care costs and concerns over the administration of blood derived products has cardiac programs examining their practice of using albumin as a routine part of the priming solution for bypass. Emphasis is being placed on the use of crystalloids with synthetic colloids, or crystalloids alone, as the priming agents for extracorporeal circulation. However new evidence has shown that the use of these solutions, without the addition of albumin, may be associated with the development of a cold induced agglutination. The data reviewed suggests that the ideal priming fluid may still not be available and recommendations are made.
[6]-Gingerol prevents UVB-induced ROS production and COX-2 expression<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2007)

[6]-Gingerol, a naturally occurring plant phenol, is one of the major components of fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) and has diverse pharmacologic effects. Here, we describe its novel anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, pre-treatment with [6]-gingerol reduced UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, and Fas expression. It also reduced UVB-induced expression and transactivation of COX-2. Translocation of NF-kappaB from cytosol to nucleus in HaCaT cells was inhibited by [6]-gingerol via suppression of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation (ser-32). Examination by EMSAs and immunohistochemistry showed that topical application of [6]-gingerol (30 microM) prior to UVB irradiation (5 kJ/m(2)) of hairless mice, also inhibited the induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein, as well as NF-kappaB translocation. These results suggest that [6]-gingerol could be an effective therapeutic agent providing protection against UVB-induced skin disorders.
Are Prescription Drug Prices High? (1991)

The U.S. pharmaceutical industry has been criticized because its products are perceived to be too expensive, yet prescription medicines remain the least expensive form of therapy. At this time, we are experiencing a dramatic increase in the risks and costs of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). An example may be seen in the R&D history of lovastatin. The U.S. pharmaceutical industry continues to lead the world in the discovery and development of important new medicines because it assumes greater financial risk and invests more of its sales dollar in R&D than virtually any other industry. Where such a risk is posed, there must continue to be the potential for profits. Pharmaceutical companies must set responsible prices, must keep price increases down, and must help improve access to important medicines.
Reliable Wireless Communication Networks for Demand Response Control (2013)

This paper presents methodologies for deriving reliability performance of wireless communication networks to support demand response (DR) control. First, the impact of communication impairments on a direct DR control program is investigated. Second, the outage probability of a wireless link is modelled and quantified, considering the multipath fading, shadowing, and random path loss given the location distribution of smart meters. Third, the distributions of packet delivery ratio are derived for two wireless network architectures: the single-hop infrastructure-based network and the multi-hop mesh network. Simulation results verify the above reliability models and provide important insights on the coverage of wireless communication networks considering the reliability requirements of DR programs.
Adapting to mobile contexts with user-interface modeling (2002)

Mobile computing offers the possibility of dramatically expanding the versatility of computers, by bringing them off the desktop and into new and unique contexts. However, this new found versatility poses difficult challenges for user interface (UI) designers. We propose three model-based techniques that should aid UI designers who are working in the domain of mobile computing. These techniques allow designers to build UIs across several platforms, while respecting the unique constraints posed by each platform. In addition, these techniques should help designers to recognize and accommodate the unique contexts in which mobile computing occurs. All three techniques depend on the development of a UI model which serves to isolate those features that are common to the various contexts of use, and to specify how the UI should adjust when the context changes. UI models allow automatic and automated tool support that enables UI designers to overcome the challenges posed by mobile computing.
Occurrence and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Washington State Wines:<i>Pediococcus</i>spp (1992)

Strains of <i>Pediococcus</i> spp. were isolated from commercial wines produced in Washington state. Nine strains of <i>P. parvulus</i> and one of <i>P. inopinatus</i> (tentative) were identified and characterized with regards to fermentation of carbohydrates and tolerances to SO<sub>2</sub> and ethanol. Fermentation responses were similar for all strains with the exceptions of α-methyl-D-glucoside, sorbitol, and sucrose from which some strains could produce acid but not all. All strains grew in 15 and 30 mg/L total SO<sub>2</sub> (pH 3.5), but with longer lag times as the concentration of SO<sub>2</sub> increased. Most strains grew well in 12% ethanol with the exceptions being <i>P. inopinatus</i> WS-10B and <i>P. parvulus</i> WS-13B. <i>P. parvulus</i> WS-29A was the only strain to grow in 14% ethanol. Only one of the strains (<i>P. parvulus</i> WS-9) could catalyze malolactic fermentation in a Cabernet Sauvignon wine.
Comparison of Metering and Verification Methodologies of Compressed Air Systems for Utility-Based Energy-Efficiency Programs: A Case-Study (2013)

Measurement and verification (M&V) is an important component of energy-efficiency projects and programs because the results show if the intended savings of a project are being realized. The accuracy of these results impacts the investment strategies of energy end users and regional transmission organizations, like Pennsylvania Jersey Maryland (PJM), who can view and purchase efficiency credits as a resource. It also impacts the incentive strategies of utility efficiency programs. Often the standards for custom M&V projects place tight controls on the accuracy of the metering equipment used, but have relatively loose controls on the methodologies required to analyze the metered data. This paper provides a background on PJM’s M&V standards and shows through case studies how the potential error associated with analysis approach can greatly outweigh the errors associated with selected metering equipment. Compressed air systems are a common mechanical system chosen by industry for energy efficiency retrofits. Due to the many variables present in multiple-compressor systems, they often do not qualify for a prescriptive rebate programs. In the case studies provided, analysis is conducted for pre- and post-efficiency project scenarios with and without normalizing for air demand. In addition, the case studies demonstrate how different methodologies for normalizing can also have a large impact on the calculated energy savings.
Public Rights in Indiana Waters (1962)

Lawyers use the term "public rights in water" to refer to those water uses the law protects in persons regardless of whether they own shoreline property fronting that portion of the watercourse proposed to be used. The term "public" is a bit misleading. The persons exercising the rights are for the most part private persons, just as are the persons owning shoreline tracts; and the uses within the rights, though important to society, are not more important than some shoreline uses. In some states the rights have been court-created; are said to be held by the state in trust for the public; and may be enforced by the state or private persons. Modem Indiana law pertaining to public uses of water, however, is largely statutory. In the nineteenth century relevant decisions of the state's courts invariably dealt with only commercial navigation. Not until the 1940's did demands to make recreational uses of Indiana watercourses become sufficiently insistent to win governmental protection. By that time it was toward the legislature that recreation pressures were principally directed, rather than toward the courts through a test case.\nThis article summarizes the early case law of public rights in Indiana water and then proceeds with the principal task of discussing the possible meaning of recent statutory developments, none of which have been construed by the Indiana Supreme Court.
Synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic investigation of 2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. (2011)

Compound 3d was found inhibit viral replication of para influenza-3virus, reovirus-1, Sindbis virus, Coxsackie virus B4, Punta Toro virus in Vero cell cultures.
Achievable transmission capacity of cognitive mesh networks with different media access control (2012)

Spectrum sharing is an emerging mechanism to resolve the conflict between the spectrum scarcity and the growing demands for the wireless broadband access. In this paper we investigate the achievable transmission capacity of a wireless backhaul mesh network that shares the spectrums of the underutilized cellular uplink over the underlay spectrum sharing model with several commonly adopted medium access control protocols: slotted-ALOHA, CSMA/CA, and TDMA. By employing stochastic geometry, we derive the probabilities for a packet to be successfully transmitted in the primary cellular uplink and the secondary mesh networks. The achievable transmission capacity of the secondary network with outage probability constraints from both the primary and the secondary systems is obtained according to Shannon's Theory. The capacity region and the achievable capacity when the outage probabilities equal their corresponding threshold values are analyzed numerically and the results illustrate the effect of adjusting the mesh network parameters on the achievable transmission capacity under different MAC protocols.
Evolution of random networks (2001)

We review a recent fast progress in statistical physics of evolving networks. Interest focuses mainly on the structure properties of random hierarchically organized networks in communications, biology, social sciences and economics. A number of giant artificial networks of such a kind were created recently. This opens a wide field for research of their topology, evolution, and complex processes proceeding in them. Such networks possess a rich set of scaling properties. A number of them is scale-free and show striking resilience against random breakdowns. In spite of huge sizes of these networks, the distances between most of nodes of the networks are short – the “smallworld” effect. Their features make them appropriate for numerous applications. We discuss how growing networks self-organize into scale-free structure and the role of the mechanism of preferential linking. We consider the topological and structural properties of evolving networks, and percolation in networks. We present a number of models demonstrating the main features of evolving networks and discuss existing approaches to their simulation and analytical study. Applications of the general results to the particular networks in Nature are discussed. We demonstrate the generic connections of the network growth processes with the general problems of non-equilibrium physics, econophysics,
Symbolic analysis methods for averaged modeling of switching power converters (1997)

Symbolic analysis methods for the averaged modeling of switching power converters are presented in this paper. A general averaging method suitable for computer-aided modeling is discussed first. Then, a symbolic analysis package that uses this averaging method to automatically generate an analytical averaged model for a switching power converter is described. The package is implemented using the computer algebra system Mathematica and can be used for modeling DC/DC power converters employing different switching techniques, including hard-switching pulse-width modulation (PWM), quasi-resonant soft switching, and soft transition. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the applications of the package. Further applications of symbolic analysis methods in power electronics are also discussed.
Clinical use of intravascular ultrasound. (1997)

Intravascular ultrasound has dramatically changed our view of atherosclerotic disease and has helped to define mechanisms of therapeutic interventions, providing a new rationale for selection of appropriate devices. Currently, this technology is used for sizing and orientation of commonly performed interventions such as balloon angioplasty and directional atherectomy. The information from intravascular ultrasound has also led to a dramatic change in the deployment algorithm of stents. Further improvements in catheter design and the findings from clinical trials utilizing intravascular ultrasound will help define a practical role for this new technology.
Lazy Exact Deduplication (2017)

Deduplication aims to reduce duplicate data in storage systems by removing redundant copies of data blocks, which are compared to one another using fingerprints. However, repeated on-disk fingerprint lookups lead to high disk traffic, which results in a bottleneck. In this article, we propose a “lazy” data deduplication method, which buffers incoming fingerprints that are used to perform on-disk lookups in batches, with the aim of improving subsequent prefetching. In deduplication in general, prefetching is used to improve the cache hit rate by exploiting locality within the incoming fingerprint stream. For lazy deduplication, we design a buffering strategy that preserves locality in order to facilitate prefetching. Furthermore, as the proportion of deduplication time spent on I/O decreases, the proportion spent on fingerprint calculation and chunking increases. Thus, we also utilize parallel approaches (utilizing multiple CPU cores and a graphics processing unit) to further improve the overall performance. Experimental results indicate that the lazy method improves fingerprint identification performance by over 50% compared with an “eager” method with the same data layout. The GPU improves the hash calculation by a factor of 4.6 and multithreaded chunking by a factor of 4.16. Deduplication performance can be improved by over 45% on SSD and 80% on HDD in the last round on the real datasets.
Corrosion and Hydrogen Pickup of Zircaloy in Concentrated Lithium Hydroxide Solutions (1969)

An experimental technique for the controlled hydriding of Zircaloy-4 in concentrated lithium hydroxide solutions was developed. The precedure can be altered to yield uniform hydrogen distribution or to produce hydride rims. Zircaloy specimens must be insulated from all non-Zircaloy components to prevent spurious results.
Extended discrete-time multivariable adaptive control using long-term predictor (1983)

An extended method for the design of discrete-time multivariable adaptive control is presented. Unlike most adaptive control algorithms, future control inputs are, in this method, predetermined by using the long-term predictor. With this concept, applications of discrete-time multivariable adaptive controls, which have been applied to only a limited class of practical problems owing to the unboundedness of the control inputs, can be extended to some types of non-minimum phase process. In addition, it is shown that a more generalized control objective, such as minimizing a sum of quadratic errors plus a penalty on control action, can be easily adopted in the design of adaptive controllers by using the concept of a long-term predictor.
Heparin-Free Hemodialysis with a Polyacrylonitrile Membrane (1989)

The low in vitro thrombogenicity of polyacrylonitrile (AN-69) membrane may offer the possibility of performing hemodialysis (HD) with little or no heparin. The authors sought to reduce heparin dosage using AN-69 dialyzers at blood flows of 400 to 600 ml/min. Over a 90 day period, 2228 HDs were performed: 1531 (69%) with AN-69, 528 (24%) with regenerated cellulose (RC), and 169 (8%) with cellulose acetate (CA) dialyzers. Two hundred and eighty-three HDs were performed without systemic heparin; blood compartments were prerinsed with 2,000 U heparin in 1,000 ml of 0.9% saline. Saline flushes were used in cases of rising venous drip chamber pressures or visible clotting. Incidence of clotting overall in AN-69 HDs was 0.52% (8/1531), 2.8% (15/528) with RC, and 11.2% (19/169) with CA. In heparin-free HDs, incidence with AN-69 was 1.3% (3/230), 28.6% with RC (4/14), and 25.6% with CA (10/39). AN-69 remained less thrombogenic when HDs were stratified by blood flow rate and vascular access was used. Urea clearance was no different in conventional and heparin-free treatments. Blood flow rates of 400 ml/min or higher had an independent antithrombogenic effect. It was concluded that the combination of high blood flow with AN-69 membrane allows marked reduction of HD heparin dose and safe routine use of heparin-free HD.
The Shifting Bottleneck Procedure for Job Shop Scheduling (1988)

We describe an approximation method for solving the minimum makespan problem of job shop scheduling. It sequences the machines one by one, successively, taking each time the machine identified as a bottleneck among the machines not yet sequenced. Every time after a new machine is sequenced, all previously established sequences are locally reoptimized. Both the bottleneck identification and the local reoptimization procedures are based on repeatedly solving certain one-machine scheduling problems. Besides this straight version of the Shifting Bottleneck Procedure, we have also implemented a version that applies the procedure to the nodes of a partial search tree. Computational testing shows that our approach yields consistently better results than other procedures discussed in the literature. A high point of our computational testing occurred when the enumerative version of the Shifting Bottleneck Procedure found in a little over five minutes an optimal schedule to a notorious ten machines/ten jobs problem on which many algorithms have been run for hours without finding an optimal solution.
Measurement of Temperature (2024)

Thoroughly revised and expanded, the new edition of this established textbook equips readers with a robust and practical understanding of experimental fluid mechanics. Enhanced features include improved support for students with emphasis on pedagogical instruction and self-learning, end-of-chapter summaries, 127 examples, 165 problems and refined illustrations, plus new coverage of digital photography, frequency analysis of signals and force measurement. It describes comprehensively classical and modern methods for flow visualisation and measuring flow rate, pressure, velocity, temperature, concentration, forces and wall shear stress, alongside supporting material on system response, measurement uncertainty, signal analysis, data analysis, optics, laboratory apparatus and laboratory practice. Instructor resources include lecture slides, additional problems, laboratory support materials and online solutions. Ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying experimental fluid mechanics, this textbook is also suitable for an introductory measurements laboratory, and is a valuable resource for practising engineers and scientists in experimental fluid mechanics.