gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of monoclonal antibodies to the human mitochondrial 60‐kd heat‐shock protein, and their use in studying the expression of the protein in rheumatoid arthritis (1992)

Minor differences in the distribution of hsp60 in synovium from RA joints were attributable to increased cellularity and to the disorganization of the tissue architecture.
Search for superheavy elements in damped collisions between<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>238</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>248</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1986)

Negative results for the production of superheavy elements in damped collisions between $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ projectiles and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ targets are reported. This reaction was believed to permit a closer and more widespread approach to the predicted island of stability near Z=114 and N=184 than any practical fusion reaction. Aqueous and gas phase chemistry techniques were used to isolate superheavy element fractions. The fractions were counted for spontaneous fission activity, fragment kinetic energies, and neutron multiplicities. Cross-section limits for half-lives from hours to several years are >4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}35}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Cloning of the <i>Nocardia</i> <i>corallina </i>polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyheptanoate) (1998)

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene (phaC Nc ) from Nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb BamHI fragment. A 2.8-kb XhoII subfragment was found to contain the ntact PHA synthase. This 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to DNA sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the PHA synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. On the basis of DNA sequence, phaC Nc is closest in homology to the PHA synthases (phaC PaI and phaC PaII ) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 41% identity and 55% similarity). The 2.8-kb XhoII fragment containing phaC Nc was subcloned into broad host range mobilizable plasmids and transferred into Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes (both containing a plasmid bearing phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha), and PHA-negative strains of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. The recombinant strains were grown on various carbon sources and the resulting polymers were analyzed. In these strains, the PHA synthase from N. corallina was able to mediate the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on hexanoate and larger even-chain fatty acids and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyheptanoate when grown on heptanoate or larger odd-chain fatty acids. Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Nocardia corallina, biodegradable, polyester.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposite Film (2016)

Chitosan is termed as one of the useful carbohydrate oligosaccharides derived from chitin, which can be used to improve film packaging by hybridizing with silver due to their advantages of flexibility, easy scale up and low cost methods. Design of packaging material with non-toxic property becomes key issue. The objective of this work is to synthesize and characterize chitosan-silver nanocomposite film for effective packaging. The nanocomposite was synthesized using in-situ, co-mixing chemical method and air drying method. The morphology integrity of the nanohybrid was confirmed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). TEM analysis revealed the cap shaped spherical morphology with no agglomeration and uniform size distribution of the nanoparticles within the range of 20.00 nm. UV-visible analysis showed Plasmon resonance band at 275 nm and 435 nm indicating the presence of chitosan and silver with no observable peak and an increase in intensity of chitozan. XRD confirmed the order and crystalline peak located at 2θ = 35 ᵒ , 64 ᵒ and 77 ᵒ which have been keenly indexed as face centred cubic Silver nanocrystals. Thus, the nanocomposite film produced serves as an effective packaging material.
Magnetic spin directions in direct-overwrite exchange-coupled MO disk (1992)

In order to gain a more reliable description of the magnetic state in the exchange-coupled films, experiments on the Hall effect in multilayer structures and computer simulations of the observed Hall effect behavior, using the distributed domain wall model, were performed. It was demonstrated that this approach can give insight into the effect of exchange interaction on the magnetization directions in TbDyFeCo/TbFeCo exchange-coupled double layer films with various extra intermediate layer.
Selective Reductions. VIII. The Stereochemistry of Reduction of Cyclic and Bicyclic Ketones by the Alkoxy-Substituted Lithium Aluminum Hydrides<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Reductions. VIII. The Stereochemistry of Reduction of Cyclic and Bicyclic Ketones by the Alkoxy-Substituted Lithium Aluminum Hydrides1Herbert C. Brown and Harold R. DeckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 24, 5620–5625Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00952a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00952a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views797Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel method for detecting and quantifying residual bran and germ tissues in refined maize grits (2021)

Abstract Background and Objectives Maize is dry‐milled to generate fine grits by separating the germ and bran fractions from the starchy endosperm. The removal without affecting the aleurone layer of these two components, rich in fiber and fat, is critical because their presence impacts the yield, quality, and stability of the final product during storage. However, there is a lack of adequate methods to directly detect or quantify these bran and germ residues. This study developed a fast and effective method to identify and quantify the pericarp, aleurone layer, and germ residues in refined maize grits. Findings The heat treatment allowed the clear visualization of germ residues in grits, whereas staining effectively identified bran and aleurone residues. The additional use of a color association algorithm enabled the detection and quantification of bran (0%–0.49%) and germ (1.63%–3.39%) areas in the six grit samples. Conclusion The method developed can be used to quickly and accurately determine grit purity and enhance the quality assessment of refined grits; thereby, providing useful insights for decision making, quality control, and optimization of the milling process. Significance and Novelty This study developed a quick and inexpensive detection method that uses a combination of heat, dyes, and a scanner to directly identify germ, pericarp, and aleurone residues in refined maize grits.
Dose minimization for material-selective CT with energy-selective detectors (2011)

Optimal use of data redundancies is of importance to keep image quality at a maximum and to reduce patient dose to a minimum. Energy-selective CT, as it may become widely available due to the technological advances of photon-counting energy-selective x-ray detectors, opens new possibilities for dose reduction. In this work we propose a method to minimize voxel noise in material-specific reconstructions by making use of data redundancies as they occur when the number of energy bins is larger than the number of basis materials used for material decomposition. The results of a CTDI phantom simulation study with four energy bins and two basis materials indicates almost 50% dose reduction when using all data redundancies. In the special case of only one material our noise minimization technique reduces to a simple inverse variance weighting of the energy bins.
The next phase of life-sciences spaceflight research: Harnessing the power of functional genomics (2011)

Recently we demonstrated that the effectiveness of RNAi interference (RNAi) for inhibiting gene expression is maintained during spaceflight in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and argued for the biomedical importance of this finding. We also successfully utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged proteins to monitor changes in GPF localization during flight. Here we discuss potential applications of RNAi and GFP in spaceflight studies and the ramifications of these experiments for the future of space life-sciences research.
Acoustic Features of Rhesus Vocalizations and Their Representation in the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (2006)

Communication is one of the fundamental components of both human and nonhuman animal behavior. Auditory communication signals (i.e., vocalizations) are especially important in the socioecology of several species of nonhuman primates such as rhesus monkeys. In rhesus, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) is thought to be part of a circuit involved in representing vocalizations and other auditory objects. To further our understanding of the role of the vPFC in processing vocalizations, we characterized the spectrotemporal features of rhesus vocalizations, compared these features with other classes of natural stimuli, and then related the rhesus-vocalization acoustic features to neural activity. We found that the range of these spectrotemporal features was similar to that found in other ensembles of natural stimuli, including human speech, and identified the subspace of these features that would be particularly informative to discriminate between different vocalizations. In a first neural study, however, we found that the tuning properties of vPFC neurons did not emphasize these particularly informative spectrotemporal features. In a second neural study, we found that a first-order linear model (the spectrotemporal receptive field) is not a good predictor of vPFC activity. The results of these two neural studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the vPFC is not involved in coding the first-order acoustic properties of a stimulus but is involved in processing the higher-order information needed to form representations of auditory objects.
Isolation, Purification, and Chemical Analysis of the Lipopolysaccharide Analysis of the Lipopolysaccharide and Lipid A of <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> NCTC 10305 (1982)

The lipopolysaccharide of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCTC 10305 (London) was obtained by a modified phenol/chloroform/light petroleum method from the bacterial cells and from the culture medium in yields of 1.6% and 2.2% respectively (based on the bacterial dry weight). On chemical analysis, both preparations proved to be identical. The lipopolysaccharide obtained from the cells was purified by repeated ultracentrifugation, electrodialysis, and precipitation with sodium chloride. It was free of nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. In the analytical ultracentrifuge, the triethylamine and sodium salt forms of the lipopolysaccharide showed a s20 value of 8.9 S and 51 S, respectively. The lipopolysaccharide consisted of glucosamine, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, D-glucose, fatty acids, and phosphate in a molar ratio of 2:1:7:6:4. The fatty acids were predominantly lauric acid, 2-hydroxy, and 3-hydroxylauric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:2. Only 3-hydroxylauric acid was found in amide linkage. On mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide, 65% lipid A were obtained, to which glucosamine was retained quantitatively. It still contained 50% of the original glucose, while one third (15%) of the liberated glucose was in monomeric form.
Incorporating Inorganic Extended Lattice Structures into Langmuir—Blodgett Films: Comparing Metal Phosphonate LB Films to Their Solid-State Analogs (1997)

Abstract Inorganic extended lattice structures can be incorporated into Langmuir—Blodgett (LB) films. The inorganic component not only adds lattice energy to the films, but also provides an opportunity to introduce electronic or magnetic ordering phenomena to the LB assemblies. In this Comment, LB films are described that are based on known divalent and tetravalent metal phosphonate inorganic layered solids. The LB film structures and properties are compared to the known solid-state metal phosphonates after which they are modeled. One of the films, manganese octadecylphosphonate, undergoes a magnetic ordering transition to a “weak ferromagnetic” state. It is the first example of a magnetic LB film, demonstrating how the extended lattice structure can be used to introduce new physical properties into LB films. Once the inorganic extended lattice structure is included, the possibility now exists for developing mixed organic/inorganic dual network LB films, where both the organic and inorganic networks add function.
Photochemical Generation of Radical Cations of Dithienothiophenes, Condensed Thiophene Trimers, Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis (1997)

Photoinduced electron-transfer reactions between dithienothiophene (DTT) and the electron acceptors, p-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and CCl4, have been investigated using nanosecond laser flash photolysis and time-resolved fluoresence spectroscopy. Generation of the radical cations of DTTs and radical anion of DNB in acetonitrile solution was confirmed by transient absorption spectra in the visible and near-IR regions. Observed transient absorption bands corresponded to those of radical ions generated by γ irradiation in a frozen matrix. Electron transfer occurred both from the singlet and triplet excited states of DTT to DNB at the diffusion-controlled rate, ∼1010 M-1 s-1. When CCl4 was used as an acceptor, electron transfer from the singlet excited state occurred at the diffusion-controlled rate, while the reaction from the triplet excited state occurred at <109 M-1 s-1 due to small ΔG0 for this reaction. For both acceptors, the singlet route tended to dominate the triplet route when concentration of the acceptor was increased. The radical ions decayed with second-order kinetics by back-electron transfer at a rate closed to the diffusion-controlled limit. In cyclohexane, generation of radical ions was completely suppressed and the triplet excited state of DTT was deactivated by energy transfer to DNB.
Hazards of dichlorosilane exhaust deposits from the high-temperature oxide process as determined by FT-ICR mass spectrometry (2001)

Gas samples from the exhaust system of tools employing dichlorosilane (DCS) in high temperature oxide (HTO) deposition that produced flammable solid deposits have been analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Exact mass determinations by the high-resolution FT-ICR allowed the identification of various polysiloxane species present in such an exhaust flow. Ion-molecule reactions of dichlorosilyl cation with water and DCS indicate the preferred reaction pathway is disiloxane formation through HCl loss, a precursor to the highly flammable polysiloxanes that were identified in the gaseous exhaust and in exhaust deposits. Minimization of these hazardous deposits is discussed with respect to water contamination, dilution factor and water scrubbing of the HTO exhaust.
Acute and chronic phase myocardial tissue characteristics in non ST-elevation myocardial infarction in dependence of early versus delayed revascularisation assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (2014)

Background According to current guidelines, an adequate timeframe for revascularisation in the setting of acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is considered by current guidelines as being up to 72 hours after symptom onset. Soon after myocardial infarction, changes take place in the affected myocardium that can be visualized and measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Aim of the present study was to compare tissue characteristics in patients with NSTEMI that underwent early vs. delayed revascularisation. Therefore, myocardial tissue characteristics were evaluated in the acute and chronic phase of reperfused NSTEMI patients and the findings were correlated to the particular symptom-to-reperfusion time. Methods In 53 patients presenting with NSTEMI, CMR imaging was performed in addition to invasive coronary angiography. The patients were examined on a 1.5 T wholebody scanner using a 32-channel phased-array surface coil. Left-ventricular volumes were assessed by a standard steady-state free-precession sequence. Myocardial edema was evaluated using a 3D T2-weighted blackblood fat-saturated spin-echo sequence. Microvascular obstruction and late gadolinium enhancement were measured by a 3D phase-sensitive inversion-recovery gradient echo sequence about 12 minutes after intravenous administration of gadolinium based contrast agent. CMR imaging was conducted shortly after coronary revascularisation and about 90 days later at follow-up. Results were gained by two experienced readers in consensus.
Extrapair paternity and the opportunity for sexual selection in long-distant migratory passerines (2007)

Extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) are frequently documented in songbirds; however, the extent to which this reproductive tactic contributes to variance in male reproductive success and hence the strength of sexual selection on males remains little studied. Using 2 approaches, intraspecific and comparative, we test the hypothesis that the contribution of EPFs to variance in male fitness increases with migration distance in north temperate songbirds. Using data on the genetic mating system of the scarlet rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus, a long-distance migrant, we show that the number of extrapair mates and within-pair paternity are the most important components of variance in male reproductive success. There was no evidence of a trade-off between extrapair and within-pair success of individual males as males successful in procuring EPFs were less likely to be cuckolded. Comparative data reveal that the opportunity for sexual selection due to EPFs is positively associated with both migration distance and breeding synchrony in north temperate passerines, and we discuss several mechanisms that could extend these relationships. In general, these data suggest that EPFs have a potential to play an important role in the evolution of sexually selected traits in long-distance migratory songbirds such as rosefinches.
Infusing an entrepreneurial mindset into mechanical engineering courses: Two case studies (2017)

Engineering programs are often criticized for focusing solely on technical education while ignoring industry and business needs. In order to address this situation, entrepreneurial ideas were incorporated directly into existing engineering classes. This paper provides information on the incorporation of entrepreneurial ideas and assignments into two courses offered in the Mechanical Engineering Department. The techniques used to convey the entrepreneurial ideas primarily come from the “Need-Approach-Benefits-Competition” or NABC approach. The successes and failures of the approaches are discussed. Examples are provided to illustrate how these ideas have been used to enhance the undergraduate learning experience.
<title>Silica-based optical delay lines and switches for phased-array radar control</title> (1995)

We report our progress on integrated phosphorus-doped SiO<SUB>2</SUB> optical waveguide delay lines and membrane optical routing switches for phased-array radar control. We have completed the design and layout of the delay lines for the two shortest bits. We have demonstrated the concept of a microelectromechanical membrane optical routing switch with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a fixed aluminum thin film. Channel crosstalk values as low as -12.4 dB and -20.3 dB were measured with and without a 3 mm aluminum film, respectively. We have designed the membrane structure for the switch to have better yield, improved reliability, and lower excitation voltage.
An accurate and rapid method for the design of supersonic nozzles (1955)

A procedure is given for designing two-dimensional nozzles in which the streamline coordinates are computed directly from tabulated flow parameters and appropriate equations.used to obtain the first part of the flow, which consists of a continuous expansion from a uniform scmic flow to a radial flow.tions are then used for the transition from radial flow to the final m iform flow.Information is presented which enables the designer to select and compute rapidly the wall contour f o r any nozzle or series of nozzles for a wide range of length-to-height ratio, Mach number, and wall angle at the inflection point.any two of these three parameters. The method of characteristics isThe Foelsch equa-In general, a nozzle is determined by specifying *(
Evaluation of gold fiducial marker manual localisation for magnetic resonance-only prostate radiotherapy (2018)

For both the investigated scenarios, the results indicate that when FM classification was correct, the precision and accuracy are high and comparable to CT-based FM localisation. We found that use of multiple sequences led to better localisation performances compared with the use of single sequence. However, we observed that, due to the presence of calcification and motion, the risk of mislocated patient positioning is still too high to allow the sole use of manual FM localisation. Finally, strategies to possibly overcome the current challenges were proposed.
Optical Sum-Frequency-Generation Interference in Atomic Sodium Vapor (1977)

Optical sum-frequency generation, due to either noncollinear excitation, or magnetic-field mixing, or to their combined effect, is observed in atomic sodium vapor. Novel interference effects are observed and explained.