gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current treatment options for colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis——the inspiration from the 8th edition of AJCC cancer staging system (2018)

Peritoneum is one of the common site of colorectal cancer metastasis and associated with a poor prognosis. The 8 th edition of AJCC cancer staging system has updated the M staging. Peritoneal carcinomatosis metastasis to visceral organs is designated as M1c. It is important to pay attention to the peritoneal metastasis which takes heavy burden on healthy cost. Great progress has been made in the area of the clinical presentation and mechanisms of disease progression. The aim of our study is to provide the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.


Key words: 
Colorectal neoplasms; Therapy; AJCC cancer staging; Peritoneal metastasis
Sound field separation technique based on equivalent source method and its application in nearfield acoustic holography (2008)

A technique for separating sound fields using two closely spaced parallel measurement surfaces and based on equivalent source method is proposed. The method can separate wave components crossing two measurement surfaces in opposite directions, which makes nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) applications in a field where there exist sources on the two sides of the hologram surface, in a reverberant field or in a scattered field, possible. The method is flexible in applications, simple in computation, and very easy to implement. The measurement surfaces can be arbitrarily shaped, and they are not restricted to be regular as in the traditional field separation technique. And, because the method performs field separation calculations directly in the spatial domain-not in the wave number domain--it avoids the errors and limitations (the window effects, etc.) associated with the traditional field separation technique based on the spatial Fourier transform method. In the paper, a theoretical description is first given, and the performance of the proposed field separation technique and its application in NAH are then evaluated through experiments.
Low stress polymer die attach adhesive for plastic packages (2002)

Silver filled epoxy is the most common type of adhesive used to attach Si chips to metal leadframes in plastic packages. However, with the attachment of larger die sizes (2 cm length on the side or larger) to thin copper lead frames now coming into routine use, most of the current adhesives were not reliable for these applications. Major technical issues of these materials are: stress-induced Si fracture; delamination at molding and post molding; device failures under pressure cooker tests and thermal shock tests; thermal/hydrolytic stability of adhesive; and narrow processing window. A novel thermoset cyanate ester die-attach paste has been developed to address the above issues. The paste is suitable for use on conventional dispensing equipment. This material can be cured in less than 60 seconds at 200/spl deg/C and does not generate any appreciable weight loss during cure. As a result, the same fast cure profile can be utilized for all die sizes. In this paper, we review the chemical and physical characteristics of the material and its functional performance as a die-attach media. The combination of a lower modulus of rigidity, about 400 MPa (vs. 1000 Mpa for conventional epoxies) and thermal stability at temperatures well above 300/spl deg/C has given the material excellent adhesive strength, even at 300/spl deg/C, as well as imparting very low stress on the die. Our data indicated the stress level is not sensitive to curing methods such as fast-curing on a heater block or slower-curing in a box oven. The stress level also does not change after long term high temperature at 150/spl deg/C or temperature cycles between -65/spl deg/C to 150/spl deg/C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Passive integrated-optical waveguide structures by Ge-diffusion in silicon (1994)

The realization of low loss optical channel waveguides and passive waveguide structures by a germanium indiffusion process into silicon will be discussed. Employing relatively simple technological processing like standard lithography, e-beam evaporation and diffusion, single-mode waveguides could be produced exhibiting polarization independent losses of as low as 0.3 dB/cm at wavelengths of /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m and /spl lambda/=1.55 /spl mu/m. S-bends fabricated with the same technology offered an excess loss of 1 dB at a radius of around 5 mm without any optimization. For a Y-junction designed with S-bends the maximum opening angle was determined to be 1.8/spl deg/ if an excess loss of 1 dB is allowed. The examination of directional couplers with various coupling lengths and distances revealed an excellent agreement between measurement and theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pioglitazone is Metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 <i>in vitro</i>: Potential for Interactions with CYP2C8 Inhibitors (2006)

Our objective was to identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolise pioglitazone and to examine the effects of the CYP2C8 inhibitors montelukast, zafirlukast, trimethoprim and gemfibrozil on pioglitazone metabolism in vitro. The effect of different CYP isoform inhibitors on the elimination of a clinically relevant concentration of pioglitazone (1 microM) and the formation of the main primary metabolite M-IV were studied using pooled human liver microsomes. The metabolism of pioglitazone by CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was investigated using human recombinant CYP isoforms. In particular, the inhibitors of CYP2C8, but also those of CYP3A4, markedly inhibited the elimination of pioglitazone and the formation of M-IV by HLM. Inhibitors selective to other CYP isoforms had a minor effect only. Of the recombinant isoforms, CYP2C8 (20 pmol/ml) metabolised pioglitazone markedly (56% in 60 min.), and also CYP3A4 had a significant effect (37% in 60 min.). Montelukast, zafirlukast, trimethoprim and gemfibrozil inhibited pioglitazone elimination in HLM with IC50 values of 0.51 microM, 1.0 microM, 99 microM and 98 microM, respectively, and the formation of the metabolite M-IV with IC50 values of 0.18 microM, 0.78 microM, 71 microM and 59 microM, respectively. In conclusion, pioglitazone is metabolised mainly by CYP2C8 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4 in vitro. CYP2C9 is not significantly involved in the elimination of pioglitazone. The effect of different CYP2C8 inhibitors on pioglitazone pharmacokinetics needs to be evaluated also in vivo because, irrespective of their in vitro CYP2C8 inhibitory potency, their pharmacokinetic properties may affect the extent of interaction.
The effect of guidance on learning in a web-based, media-enriched learning environment (2015)

The appropriate role for explicit, directive guidance during instruction has been debated in the literature for several decades (Sweller, Kirschner, & Clark, 2006
Lipids from <i>Mycobacterium leprae </i>cell wall suppress T‐cell activation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1997)

The influence of Mycobacterium leprae cell wall lipids on lymphocyte functions has been investigated in vivo (delayed-type hypersensitivity) and in vitro. The inflammatory response has been earlier evaluated by the mouse footpad oedema model and the delipidated mycobacteria evoked a mild but significant inflammatory response. Herein a higher level of hypersensitivity reaction was observed with delipidated bacilli than with the intact mycobacteria. The lipids obtained from the extract of M. leprae external cell wall were used to prepare liposomes, which have not been shown to be toxic to lymphocytes. The method of lipidic extraction and the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the lipid fraction did not reveal any trace of proteins. Thin-layer chromatography of this extract detected four different bands with an apolar character, suggestive of mycolic and fatty acids. These same M. leprae liposomes potently suppressed lymph node cells, as well CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lines, and an antigen-specific T-cell clone (T 4-9) proliferation, even under potent stimulus. Cholesterol-choline liposomes, unrelated to M. leprae liposomes, used as a control in the biological assays showed no significant effect on lymphoblastic activity, which points to the specificity of M. leprae lipids. These data demonstrated that M. leprae cell wall lipids induce immune suppression in mice without causing any membrane alteration in T cells as assessed throughout kinetic studies in vitro. This fact is closely related to the down-regulating effect induced by M. leprae lipids which we have previously observed in macrophage functions in vivo and in vitro. Although this lipidic fraction showed a suppressive action on T lymphocytes in vitro (proliferation) and in vivo (delayed-type hypersensitivity), its possible significance in the establishment of a specific immune response to M. leprae must be further investigated.
A VLSI architecture for difference picture-based dynamic scene analysis (2002)

An efficient parallel architecture that exploits the parallelism and pipelining possible in the difference picture-based technique (IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machi Intelligence, vol. PAMI-3, no.5, p.489-543, (1981); Computer, p.12-18, Aug. (1981)) is presented for dynamic scene analysis. Each processor is organized as a pipeline, and the processor architecture is simple enough that the motion detection and classification system can be implemented on a single VLSI chip. The proposed VLSI architecture and the design of the various components of the basic processor are described. VLSI chip implementation issues are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silicon thermal conductivity detector (TCD) with the Pt resistors (2003)

Pt resistors formation technology for the thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is presented. Channels for the gas flow were milled in the glass plate and etched in the silicon chip with use of the TMAH+ water solution. Resistors made up of the thin Pt layer, were located across the channels on the silicon chips. They were connected through the contract windows in the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> layers, with the n<sup>+</sup>-type regions of the p-type, (100) silicon substrate substrate. BSC-type contacts to the bonding pads allowed electrical contact to the bonding pads located on the opposite side of the silicon substrate. Resistors were electrically tested as a detector heaters and thermoresistors.
The Antibacterial Activity of Honey Derived from Australian Flora (2011)

Chronic wound infections and antibiotic resistance are driving interest in antimicrobial treatments that have generally been considered complementary, including antimicrobially active honey. Australia has unique native flora and produces honey with a wide range of different physicochemical properties. In this study we surveyed 477 honey samples, derived from native and exotic plants from various regions of Australia, for their antibacterial activity using an established screening protocol. A level of activity considered potentially therapeutically useful was found in 274 (57%) of the honey samples, with exceptional activity seen in samples derived from marri (Corymbia calophylla), jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and jellybush (Leptospermum polygalifolium). In most cases the antibacterial activity was attributable to hydrogen peroxide produced by the bee-derived enzyme glucose oxidase. Non-hydrogen peroxide activity was detected in 80 (16.8%) samples, and was most consistently seen in honey produced from Leptospermum spp. Testing over time found the hydrogen peroxide-dependent activity in honey decreased, in some cases by 100%, and this activity was more stable at 4 °C than at 25 °C. In contrast, the non-hydrogen peroxide activity of Leptospermum honey samples increased, and this was greatest in samples stored at 25 °C. The stability of non-peroxide activity from other honeys was more variable, suggesting this activity may have a different cause. We conclude that many Australian honeys have clinical potential, and that further studies into the composition and stability of their active constituents are warranted.
Visual Reaction Time and High-Speed Ball Games (1987)

Laboratory measures of visual reaction time suggest that some aspects of high-speed ball games such as cricket are 'impossible' because there is insufficient time for the player to respond to unpredictable movements of the ball. Given the success with which some people perform these supposedly impossible acts, it has been assumed by some commentators that laboratory measures of reaction time are not applicable to skilled performers. An analysis of high-speed film of international cricketers batting on a specially prepared pitch which produced unpredictable movement of the ball is reported, and it is shown that, when batting, highly skilled professional cricketers show reaction times of around 200 ms, times similar to those found in traditional laboratory studies. Furthermore, professional cricketers take roughly as long as casual players to pick up ball flight information from film of bowlers. These two sets of results suggest that the dramatic contrast between the ability of skilled and unskilled sportsmen to act on the basis of visual information does not lie in differences in the speed of operation of the perceptual system. It lies in the organisation of the motor system that uses the output of the perceptual system.
Por que devemos nos importar com os colêmbolos edáficos? (2016)

Este trabalho de revisão tem como objetivo apresentar a importância dos colêmbolos edáficos, com destaque para aspectos agronômicos e ecológicos. São abordadas as características gerais, densidade e distribuição dos colêmbolos, bem como a relação dos colêmbolos com práticas agrícolas, com fungos, com ciclagem de nutrientes e fertilidade do solo. São também reportados trabalhos da literatura, demonstrando a importância desses organismos aos serviços do ecossistema, como ciclagem de nutrientes, melhoria na fertilidade, agregação do solo, controle de fungos e indicadores da qualidade do solo. Pretende-se com este trabalho demonstrar o importante papel desempenhado pelos colêmbolos e expandir o campo de pesquisa com esses organismos, aumentando o conhecimento dos importantes processos mediados por eles e a interface entre a Ecologia do Solo e Ciência do Solo.
Heavy metal pollution of river Ganga in Mirzapur, India (1992)

A study on the heavy metal pollution of River Ganga in the Mirzapur region, India has revealed that the river is polluted. The samples were collected from both the confluence of sewers and the river and from midstream points. The river is the dumping ground for domestic, municipal and industrial effluents. All the samples were analysed for certain physiochemical parameters i.e. temperature, pH, chloride content, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. On analysis, the concentrations of most of the heavy metal ions were found to be above the prescribed limits for potable waters in the samples collected from confluence points. Cadmium and cobalt were in the range 13.37–32.73 μg/L and 10.50–26.77 μg/L respectively. Copper, iron and manganese were found in the range of 38.0–157.80 μg/L, 19.75–72.77 /ug/L and 34.25–105.55 yug/L respectively. Nickel was recorded to be in the range 67.25–176.13 mg/L while lead and zinc were in the range of 34.25–185.75 μg/L and 94.25–423.75 μg/L. Concentrations of all these ionic species were within the prescribed limits in the samples collected from midstream points, revealing the river to be almost free from pollution at these points. The data obtained have been examined statistically to explain metal‐metal association by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Cobalt, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc reflected positive correlations with most of the species. However cadmium, copper and iron show very weak or negative association with metal ions. Impact of the various parameters and ionic species on environment is critically discussed.
Multi-column implementations for cache associativity (1997)

We propose two schemes for implementing higher associativity: the sequential multi-column cache, which is an extension of the column associative cache, and the parallel multi-column cache. In order to achieve the same access cycle time as that of a direct-mapped cache, data memory in the cache is organized into one bank in both schemes. We use the multiple MRU block technique to increase the first hit ratio, thus reducing the average access time. While the parallel multi-column cache performs the tag checking in parallel, the sequential multi-column cache sequentially searches through places in a set, and uses index information to filter out unnecessary probes. In the case of an associativity of 4, they both achieve the low miss rate of a 4-way set-associative cache. Our simulation results using ATUM traces show that both schemes can effectively reduce the average access time.
International Journal of Physical Distribution &Logistics Management (1993)

Reviews a book focused on green marketing management, weak on its logistical implications; and a journal article looking at service quality in the transportation industry.
DMARDs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: current agents and future developments. (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to review the benefits and limitations of current disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Literature about DMARD use in RA, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, is reviewed. The efficacy and safety of methotrexate, antimalarials, gold-containing compounds, sulphasalazine, D-penicillamine, azathioprine and cyclosporin, as well as several new antirheumatic agents are considered. Controlled short-term clinical studies demonstrate that DMARDs are superior to placebo. Early and continuous use of DMARDs is necessary to slow joint damage and improve long-term outcomes. Unfortunately, long-term treatment with these drugs is frequently limited by loss of response and/or onset of serious adverse events. The efficacy of combination DMARD therapy has also been tested, but with mixed success, and the goals of combination DMARD therapy have yet to be fully realised. New DMARDs that have recently been introduced offer promise for future RA management.
Implementation of a Software Feedback Control for the CMS Monitoring Lasers (2008)

Light monitoring will play a crucial role in maintaining the energy resolution of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) in situ at LHC. Since 2001, a laser based monitoring system has been used in the CMS ECAL beam tests at CERN. While the stability of the laser pulse energy and width, measured in 24 hours, is at a level of 3%, a long term degradation of both the laser pulse energy and the width were observed, as well as a drift of the laser pulse center timing at 2 ns/day. This degradation and drift, caused by the natural aging of the DC Kr lamp, would affect respectively the monitoring precision and the synchronization between the laser pulse and the ECAL ADC clock. This paper presents a design and implementation of a software feedback control which stabilizes the laser pulse energy, width and timing. With the software feedback implemented, a stability of the laser pulse energy and width at 3% level and a pulse timing jitter at 2 ns were observed in laser runs lasted for more than 3 months. The 0.5% energy resolution of the CMS crystal ECAL is maintained after applying the laser monitoring corrections in a beam irradiation test.
Vision-based heading angle estimation for an autonomous mobile robots navigation (2014)

Autonomous mobile robots navigation and control systems are still hugely important in real time robotic applications. When moving towards fully autonomous navigation, guidance plays a vital task for successful autonomous navigation. In this paper, the authors propose real time guidance fuzzy logic application based on edge and color information surrounding the road surface by using omnidirectional cameras. Autonomous navigation systems must be able to recognize feature descriptors from both edge and color information. Firstly, it was proposed to extract the longest segments of lines from the above mentioned methods. Secondly, RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) curve fitting method was implemented for detecting the best curve fitting given the data set of points for each line segment. Thirdly, the set of intersection points for each pair of curves were extracted. Fourthly, the Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method was used in estimating the vanishing point (VP). Finally, to control the mobile robot in an unknown environment, a fuzzy logic controller facilitated by the VP was implemented. Preliminary results were gathered and tested on a group of consecutive frames undertaken at the University of Ulsan (UoU) to prove their effectiveness.
Rise of Massive On-Campus Course (MOCC) (2014)

Communication and Thought (COR109) is the first mandatory course at the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC). It experienced significant logistical challenges in the design of relevant, whole-of-institution content, the management of 60 teaching staff and faculty support, and the allocation of adequate space for both lectures and tutorials for the students. This paper discusses the challenges and solutions of COR109 in its inaugural semester. It discusses transition pedagogy, overviews the scale of COR109, and explains the management and communication structure of a massive on-campus course. As this is one of the first courses offered in an Australian university that is compulsory for all commencing students, the experience acquired may be useful for other institutions considering similar approaches. Key considerations for success include proper planning, creative logistics, pedagogically sound solutions and curriculum-integrated support for both students and staff.
Growth and Gonadal Development in Triploid Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) (1984)

There was no difference in weight between diploid and triploid landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo saiar) measured over a 9-mo period, but triploids were consistently longer (FL) and thus had a lower condition factor than diploids. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of triploid females was only 7.7% that of diploid females, while the GSI of triploid males was 52% that of diploid males. Triploid ovaries had the external appearance of undeveloped gonads, but every triploid female did in fact produce a small number of oocytes (from 1 to 12, versus several hundred oocytes in each diploid female). Triploid testes were well developed but contained few spermatids and no spermatozoa. Diploid testes, on the other hand, were in advanced stages of spermiogenesis. None of the triploid males reached spermiation.