gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary results of a phase II study of high dose lenalidomide as initial therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in patients ≥ 60 years old (2008)

7058 Background: AML patients over the age of 60y (AML ≥ 60) have a poor prognosis and warrant novel therapeutic approaches. Lenalidomide has clinical activity in MDS, and we hypothesized that lenalidomide may be active against AML. Methods: Eligibility criteria: untreated AML ≥ 60 with intermediate- or poor-risk cytogenetics (chromosome 5q- excluded), ECOG PS 0–2, and adequate organ function. Treatment included 2 cycles of high dose lenalidomide (50mg/day x 14d, 30d of rest, 50mg/day x 21d), followed by low dose (10 mg/day) therapy in non-progressing patients. Here, we report the first stage (n=15) of a 2 stage design (n=42 total patients). The primary endpoint was CR (IWG). Results: 15 patients were enrolled (2/07–8/07) with median age 71y (range 60–86y) and 5/15 had prior MDS. Cytogenetics were normal (n=9), -7 (n=2), -20 (n=1), +13 (n=2), or complex (n=2). Median follow-up was 7.1 (range 5.3–10) months. Day 15 BM blast percentages (mean + SD decrease of 53 + 29%, P=0.01) and BM blast index (mean + SD decrease of 66 + 31%, P=0.02) were significantly reduced in 9/12 patients evaluable after 14 days of initial high dose lenalidomide. 5/8 patients cleared their peripheral blasts at day 15. 8/15 patients did not receive the two high dose cycles of lenalidomide due to progressive disease (n=4), rash (n=1), or early mortality (n=3). Overall IWG response rate was 2/15 (13%), with 1 cytogenetic CR and 1 PR. The cytogenetic CR patient had AML M0 with +13 and FLT3-ITD. The treatment regimen was well tolerated in this older AML patient population. The most frequent adverse events were hematologic, including grade 3–4 neutropenia (7/15), thrombocytopenia (11/15), and anemia (6/15). While 11/15 patients experienced grade 3–4 non-hematologic toxicities, these were managed with lenalidomide interruptions or dose reductions. Only 1/15 patients were removed from the study due to non-hematologic toxicity. Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that single agent lenalidomide is an active agent against AML, and a revised schedule that eliminates gaps in therapy, to ensure sustained lenalidomide exposure, is now being evaluated. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celgene Celgene Celgene
Specificity of sodium chloride aversion of hypertensive rats (1959)

Rats made hypertensive by encapsulation of both kidneys with latex envelopes manifest a relative NaCl aversion if given choice between water and .15 m NaCl solution to drink. The specificity of this aversion was tested by offering hypertensive rats choice between salt solutions, other than NaCl, and water. It was observed that hypertensive rats manifested aversions for KCl, Na 2 SO 4 , LiCl and Na saccharin which were similar in character to the NaCl aversion. As soon as hypertensive rats were able to differentiate between any of these salt solutions and distilled water offered simultaneously, they rejected the salt solutions in favor of water. These animals never ingested more of any salt solution used than water. With the exception of the Na saccharin solutions, normal rats ingested more salt solution than water and rejected salt solution only at concentrations 3–10 times above preference threshold levels. Hence, it would appear that the NaCl aversion manifested by hypertensive rats is not specific, but part of a general salt aversion.
Does the Use of a Decision Aid Improve Decision Making in Prosthetic Heart Valve Selection? (2017)

http://www.trialregister.nl. Unique identifier: NTR4350.
Synthesis, Structure, and Computational Studies of Soluble Conjugated Multidentate Macrocycles. (2005)

Conjugated, shape-persistent macrocycles based on [3 + 3] Schiff-base condensation are of interest\nfor supramolecular materials. In an effort to develop new discotic liquid crystals based on these\ncompounds, a series of macrocycles with peripheral alkoxy groups of varying length have been\nprepared. The synthesis and mechanism of formation have been probed by isolation of oligomeric\nintermediates. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of one macrocycle revealed a nonplanar,\nstrongly hydrogen-bonded structure. To our surprise, even with very long substituents, the\nmacrocycles were not liquid crystalline. This has been rationalized by ab initio calculations that\nindicate the macrocycles are undergoing rotation of the dihydroxydiiminobenzene rings that may\nnot allow a stable discotic liquid crystalline phase. These results provide new insight into the\nformation and properties of these large macrocycles and may provide guidance to developing stable\nliquid crystalline materials in the future.
Ultrasonic Sensitivity Studies for Titanium Inspections (2004)

Model simulations were conducted to study the ultrasonic sensitivity of titanium billet inspections as affected by various inspection parameters. The inspection parameters of interest include the transducer focal lengths, the water path between the transducer and billet, and the transducer tilt angles with respective to the billet entry surface. We investigated the variation ranges of these parameters as well as their relative influences on inspection’s accuracy. The importance of these sensitivity issues were signified in this paper by two applications, namely, an inspection “dead zone” problem and a performance evaluation of transducers. Also presented were experimental validations in support of the model simulations.
[Phalloidin counteracts the destructive effects of osmic acid and potassium permanganate on F-actin (author's transl)]. (1980)

Osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate destroy F-actin filaments in vitro, and split actin molecules into smaller peptides. It is shown by viscometry, spectrophotometry, electrophoresis and electron microscopy that the destruction of F-actin by these agents is inhibited by phalloidin. Other proteins are unprotected.
Electromagnetic characterisation of terrain for unconventional petroleum exploration (2014)

A method to characterize the electromagnetic (EM) signature of barefaced terrain using 3D computer electromagnetic models (CEM) for radar applications is presented. Five barefaced terrain types with different electrical, physical and chemical properties were investigated. They include both homogeneous and heterogeneous terrain types particularly beach sand, gravel and pebble acquired locally and oil sands from Nigeria. The approach develops CEMs using reflectance spectroscopy and dielectric permittivity data. First geochemical signatures were determined using reflectance spectroscopy in the Near Infrared region while dielectric properties were experimentally determined at L-, C- and X-band for multi-frequency radar. Both viscous and hard oil sand indicated resonance effects in the upper C-band. The results provide new information on the complex electrical permittivity ε*(co) and loss tangent, tan ö. Finally a laboratory based approach to measure the relationship between sensor configuration and terrain backscatter for 0.013m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> of terrain samples using microwave measurement techniques in an anechoic chamber is outlined.
Angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity in the retina of some mammalian species. (1994)

The decapeptide angiotensin II (AngII) is a circulating hormone and the most important endogenous vasoconstrictor. In the central nervous system (CNS), AngII has been reported to have a transmitter-like function. In the retina angiotensin I (AngI), the precursor protein of AngII, and AngI-converting enzyme (ACE), the rate-limiting enzyme for AngII synthesis, are present. Both ACE inhibition and application of an AngII antagonist affect the b-wave of the electroretinogram. In the present study we used immunocytochemical techniques to identify putative AngII-containing cells in the bovine, cat, and rabbit retina. In the rabbit retina, faintly labeled amacrine cells were visible at the inner border of the inner nuclear layer. Preincubation with protease inhibitors (PI) resulted in an enhanced immunoreaction and in the labeling of ganglion cells and fibers in the inner plexiform layer. In the bovine retina, AngII-like immunoreactivity was detectable only after preincubation with PI. Under these conditions, ganglion cells and amacrine cells as well as cells in more distal parts of the inner nuclear layer were stained. In the cat retina, AngII-like immunoreactivity was detectable only after preincubation with PI and exogenous AngII. Photoreceptor and ganglion cells showed an enhanced AngII-like immunoreaction, and amacrine cells were stained preferably in clusters that were irregularly distributed within the retina. Our results demonstrate that AngII is a putative neurotransmitter in a subpopulation of mammalian amacrine cells.
Regulating Healthcare Robots in the Hospital and the Home: Considerations for Maximizing Opportunities and Minimizing Risks (2016)

DRAFT
ChemInform Abstract: Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Dichromate as a Mild Reagent for the Oxidation of Organic Compounds. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of Virtual Internet Protocol (2003)

The design and implementation of the Virtual Internet Protocol (VIP) are described. The VIP was implemented by modifying an operating system kernel based on 4.3BSD. The overhead of VIP is compared to that of IP. Measured results indicate that VIP can achieve host migration transparency in the Internet with negligible overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Release of immune modulation factors from platelet concentrates during storage after photochemical pathogen inactivation treatment (2008)

PCT did not increase the release or secretion of PLT chemokines and/or cytokines over a 7-day period compared to conventional PLT component.
Eicosanoid generation from antigen‐primed mast cells by extracellular mammalian 14‐kDa group II phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (1991)

The extracellular form of 14-kDa group II phospholipase A2 has been found to accumulate at various types of inflammatory sites. In the present paper, we have studied the possible role of the extracellular 14-kDa group II phospholipase A2 in the process of prostaglandin production in activated rat mast cells. When mast cells obtained from the peritoneal cavity of rats were sensitized with IgE, challenged with antigen and then exposed to extracellular 14-kDa group II phospholipase A2, appreciable release of prostaglandin D2 was observed. Generation of prostaglandin D2 was dependent on the concentration of the phospholipase A2 as well as that of the antigen, while no appreciable prostaglandin D2 generation was observed with cells in the absence of the antigen. No histamine release was observed under the same conditions. Phosphatidylcholine in mast cell membranes was appreciably hydrolyzed to liberate free arachidonic acid when mast cells were incubated with 14-kDa group II phospholipase A2 added exogenously in the presence of the antigen. Both the generation of prostaglandin D2 and the release of arachidonic acid were retarded by inhibitors specific to 14-kDa group II phospholipase A2. Thus, 14-kDa group II phospholipase A2 may function in the process of inflammation by acting on IgE-antigen-primed mast cells, which are not fully activated, to generate eicosanoids.
Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nafion/Silica and Nafion/Silica/PTA Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries (2009)

The present work was aimed at the development of a straight-forward method for a multicomponent membranes synthesis, as well as study of electrochemical and ion transport properties of the synthesized membranes. It was shown that introduction of silica and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) into a Nafion membrane composition slightly affects the membrane proton conductivity; however it results in a significant decrease of the ferric ion transfer through the membrane. The addition of PTA was found to result in an increase in the membrane permeability to ferric ions. The membranes converted into K+-form was showed to have a high stability to PTA leaching.
Hydrogen degradation in InP HEMTs (2002)

In this work we have investigated the degradation of InP HEMTs due to hydrogen exposure. We show for the first time that there are two independent degradation mechanisms that affect, respectively, the intrinsic and extrinsic portions of the device. Under the gate, H reacts with Ti and creates a TiH compound with a larger lattice that Ti. This induces stress and the resulting piezoelectric effect shifts the threshold voltage, V/sub T/, of the transistor. This mechanism is found to be largely reversible. In the recessed region next to the gate, hydrogen modifies the surface stoichiometry of the exposed InAlAs. This results in a reduction in the sheet carrier concentration underneath. This mechanism is not reversible.
Motorcyclist’s thumb: carpometacarpal injuries of the thumb sustained in motorcycle crashes (2015)

Level IV.
Genetic heterogeneity in autosomal recessive hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with focally folded myelin sheaths (CMT4B) (1998)

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with focally folded myelin sheaths, or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neuropathy type 4B (CMT4B), is a distinct clinical and genetic entity belonging to the heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathies. We previously described a large pedigree with CMT4B and found evidence of linkage to chromosome 11q23. We now describe a second, unrelated family in which two individuals were affected with CMT4B. We exclude the disease locus segregating in this smaller pedigree from the 11q23 region as well as from most of the regions where other CMT loci have been mapped. We thus provide evidence for a second locus causing the CMT4B phenotype.
Physical mechanisms controlling self‐aggregation of convection in idealized numerical modeling simulations (2013)

Abstract We elucidate the physics of self‐aggregation by applying a new diagnostic technique to the output of a cloud resolving model. Specifically, the System for Atmospheric Modeling is used to perform 3‐ D cloud system resolving simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium in a nonrotating framework, with interactive radiation and surface fluxes and fixed sea surface temperature (SST). We note that self‐aggregation begins as a dry patch that expands, eventually forcing all the convection into a single clump. Thus, when examining the initiation of self‐aggregation, we focus on processes that can amplify this initial dry patch. We introduce a novel method to quantify the magnitudes of the various feedbacks that control self‐aggregation within the framework of the budget for the spatial variance of column‐integrated frozen moist static energy. The absorption of shortwave radiation by atmospheric water vapor is found to be a key positive feedback in the evolution of aggregation. In addition, we find a positive wind speed‐surface flux feedback whose role is to counteract a negative feedback due to the effect of air‐sea enthalpy disequilibrium on surface fluxes. The longwave radiation feedback can be either positive or negative in the early and intermediate stages of aggregation; however, it is the dominant positive feedback that maintains the aggregated state once it develops. Importantly, the mechanisms that maintain the aggregate state are distinct from those that instigate the evolution of self‐aggregation.
Co-existence of hepatitis A and adult Reye's syndrome. (1997)

Reye's syndrome is most frequently seen in children but has also been described in adults. This syndrome is usually associated with ingestion of 5-aminosalicylates (ASA) or infection with influenza A, influenza B, or varicella virus. A case of Reye's syndrome in a 47 year old, previously healthy woman precipitated by ingestion of ASA and acute hepatitis A virus infection is described. Reye's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of her clinical course, and the presence of hepatic microvesicular steatosis and characteristic electron microscopic changes in the hepatocyte mitochondria. The diagnosis of hepatitis A was based on higher amino-transferase values than would be expected in Reye's syndrome alone, viral serology including the presence of hepatitis A IgM and the demonstration of hepatitis A virus RNA on liver biopsy by in situ hybridisation. Mitochondrial injury has been demonstrated in acute hepatitis A which, in addition to ASA, may have precipitated Reye's syndrome in this patient. The association between hepatitis A and Reye's syndrome has not been reported before. As hepatitis A virus infection is not sought routinely in patients with Reye's syndrome, the frequency of this association is unknown.
New efficient bicomponent organocatalysts for the chemical fixation of CO2 onto epoxides: a theoretical study (2015)

Regarding the economic and environmental issues, valorising CO2 as a C1 feedstock for producing useful building blocks is seducing as it is a free and abundant waste resulting from the human activity. Cyclic carbonates are useful compounds that found application as green solvents, electrolytes for lithium battery or monomers for polycarbonates or polyurethanes synthesis. These cyclocarbonates can be synthesized with a total atom economy by chemical fixation of CO2 onto epoxides using organometallic complexes or organocatalysts. To date, although this area of research has been the subject of many studies, the identification and development of (organo)catalysts highly efficient under mild experimental conditions still remains challenging. In this context, we developed a new organocatalytic platform based on the use of ammonium salts in combination with single or double hydrogen bond donor activators derived from fluorinated alcohols that showed unexpected booster effect. In this contribution, the ammonium/fluoroalcohol promoted CO2/propylene oxide coupling was investigated through detailed kinetic studies by IR spectroscopy under pressure and results were compared to the most efficient organocatalysts based on ammonium salts and (multi)phenolic derivatives that were reported in the literature. In order to finely understand the reaction mechanism, this study was completed by molecular modeling. DFT calculations showed that the addition of H-bond donors (HBD) with hexafluoroisopropanol functionalities modified the mechanism of the ammonium promoted coupling of CO2 with epoxides. HBDs dramatically decreased the epoxide ring-opening step barrier which highlights the key role of the fluorinated activators in stabilizing the intermediates and transitions states by inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds.
Muon Tomography for Measuring Amount of Nuclear Materials in Fuel Debris (2018)

A method to measure an amount of nuclear materials in fuel debris by using muon tomography has being developed for proceeding with decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. As a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the molten fuels were mixed with reactor structures and accumulated as fuel debris in the reactor buildings. There is still a large amount of fuel debris remained in each reactor. Fuel debris removal is planned in the near future and the debris will be taken out in this process. The debris need to be inspected from a viewpoint of nuclear material control. Since the debris is a mixture of fuel and other structures, it is hard to quantitate nuclear materials in debris by existing measurement method. Muons are cosmic-ray particles which have high energies, therefore, they are highly penetrative. This feature makes muon tomography sensitive to find heavy materials such as uranium or plutonium. We conducted a simulation study of applying muon tomography to measure fuel debris by using a Monte-Carlo method. A simulation model which includes muon detectors, shielding container and fuel debris was constructed to reproduce a measurement situation at the site. In conclusion, muon tomography quantitate the nuclear materials, therefore, this method should be useful for the fuel debris removal of Fukushima Daiichi reactors.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Hydrodehalogenation with H2 and Pd/C Catalyst Under Multiphase Conditions. Part 2. Selectivity and Kinetics. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tritopic NHC Precursors: Unusual Nickel Reactivity and Ethylene Insertion into a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Bond (2017)

Abstract The imidazolium chloride [C 3 H 3 N(C 3 H 6 NMe 2 )N{C(Me)(=NDipp)}]Cl ( 1 ; Dipp=2,6‐diisopropyl phenyl), a potential precursor to a tritopic N imine C NHC N amine pincer‐type ligand, reacted with [Ni(cod) 2 ] to give the Ni I ‐Ni I complex 2 , which contains a rare cod‐derived η 3 ‐allyl‐type bridging ligand. The implied intermediate formation of a nickel hydride through oxidative addition of the imidazolium C−H bond did not occur with the symmetrical imidazolium chloride [C 3 H 3 N 2 {C(Me)(=NDipp)} 2 ]Cl ( 3 ). Instead, a Ni−C(sp 3 ) bond was formed, leading to the neutral N imine CHN imine pincer‐type complex Ni[C 3 H 3 N 2 {C(Me)(=NDipp)} 2 ]Cl ( 4 ). Theoretical studies showed that this highly unusual feature in nickel NHC chemistry is due to steric constraints induced by the N substituents, which prevent Ni−H bond formation. Remarkably, ethylene inserted into the C(sp 3 )−H bond of 4 without nickel hydride formation, thus suggesting new pathways for the alkylation of non‐activated C−H bonds.
Equilibrium position, kinetics, and reactor concepts for the adipyl-7-ADCA-hydrolysis process (2000)

One of the building blocks of cephalosporin antibiotics is 7-amino-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA). It is currently produced from penicillin G using an elaborate chemical ring-expansion step followed by an enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis. However, 7-ADCA-like components can also be produced by direct fermentation. This is of scientific and economic interest because the elaborate ring-expansion step is performed within the microorganism. In this article, the hydrolysis of the fermentation product adipyl-7-ADCA is studied. Adipyl-7-ADCA can be hydrolyzed in an equilibrium reaction to adipic acid and 7-ADCA using glutaryl-acylase. The equilibrium reaction yield is described as a function of pH, temperature, and initial adipyl-7-ADCA concentration. Reaction rate equations were derived for adipyl-7-ADCA-hydrolysis using three (pH-independent) reaction rate constants and the apparent equilibrium constant. The reaction rate constants were calculated from experimental data. Based on the equilibrium position and reaction rate equations the hydrolysis reaction was optimized and standard reactor configurations were evaluated. It was found that equilibrium yields are high at high pH, high temperature and low-initial adipyl-7-ADCA concentration. The course of the reaction could be described well as a function of pH (7-9), temperature (20-40 degrees C) and concentration using the reaction rate equations. It was shown that a series of CSTR's is the best alternative for the process.