gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Podocyte Glutamatergic Signaling Contributes to the Function of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier (2009)

Podocytes possess the complete machinery for glutamatergic signaling, raising the possibility that neuron-like signaling contributes to glomerular function. To test this, we studied mice and cells lacking Rab3A, a small GTPase that regulates glutamate exocytosis. In addition, we blocked the glutamate ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) with specific antagonists. In mice, the absence of Rab3A and blockade of NMDAR both associated with an increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. In humans, NMDAR blockade, obtained by addition of ketamine to general anesthesia, also had an albuminuric effect. In vitro, Rab3A-null podocytes displayed a dysregulated release of glutamate with higher rates of spontaneous exocytosis, explained by a reduction in Rab3A effectors resulting in freedom of vesicles from the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, NMDAR antagonism led to profound cytoskeletal remodeling and redistribution of nephrin in cultured podocytes; the addition of the agonist NMDA reversed these changes. In summary, these results suggest that glutamatergic signaling driven by podocytes contributes to the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and that derangements in this signaling may lead to proteinuric renal diseases.
Is Java really secure? (1998)

During a recent conference on Information Security, a group of experts raised the issue of the potential problems with the security of Java, initiating an interesting discussion between the developers and technicians at Sun Microsystems. This article considers Java security from an Italian perspective.
[Surgical treatment of mucosal hemorrhoidal prolapse using a circular stapler]. (2003)

We present a retrospective clinical study concerning our personal experience with the circular stapler in the treatment of hemorrhoids; the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of this surgical procedure, in terms of operative time, postoperative pain and rate of both short and long-term complications. Twenty-seven patients with grade 3 or 4 hemorrhoids, from January 1999 to June 2001, were included in the study. The main technical details of this procedure, requiring only a short learning period, are described and both short-term complications (such as severe postoperative pain, bleeding, urinary and fecal retention) and long-term ones (such as persistent or recurrent haemorrhoidal prolapse, anal stenosis) are analyzed. The reported results show that, in the presence of appropriate local anatomic conditions, this procedure is able to reduce the operative time, is almost painless and is characterized by low rate of complications.
Spontane Öffnung des Pyrimidinringes in Pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidinen nach intramolekularer Acylierung (1985)

Spontaneous Opening of the Pyrimidine Ring of Pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines after Intramolecular Acylation Phase‐transfer alkylation of 4‐methoxy‐2‐methylthio‐7 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine ( 2 ) with ethyl 3‐bromopropionate leads regioselectively to the ester 3a . After displacement of its methylthio group and saponification of the ester function, the acid 3e is obtained which can be transferred to the functionalized deazahypoxanthine 3f by either treatment with dry HBr/glacial AcOH or by nucleophilic displacement of the 4‐methoxide. Reaction of 3f with a H 2 O‐soluble carbodiimide results in an intramolecular acylation at N(1) by the activated ester; the intermediate 4 undergoes spontaneous hydroxylation and subsequent opening of the pyrimidine ring under formation of the pyrrolo[1,2‐ a ]pyrimidine derivative 6 . Its structure was proved by X‐ray analysis. Subsequent deformylation of 6 in alkaline medium leads to the compound 7 in almost quantitative yield.
Transcription factors and miRNAs that regulate fetal to adult<i>CFTR</i>expression change are new targets for cystic fibrosis (2014)

The CFTR gene displays a tightly regulated tissue-specific and temporal expression. Mutations in this gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study we wanted to identify trans-regulatory elements responsible for CFTR differential expression in fetal and adult lung, and to determine the importance of inhibitory motifs in the CFTR-3'UTR with the aim of developing new tools for the correction of disease-causing mutations within CFTR. We show that lung development-specific transcription factors (FOXA, C/EBP) and microRNAs (miR-101, miR-145, miR-384) regulate the switch from strong fetal to very low CFTR expression after birth. By using miRNome profiling and gene reporter assays, we found that miR-101 and miR-145 are specifically upregulated in adult lung and that miR-101 directly acts on its cognate site in the CFTR-3'UTR in combination with an overlapping AU-rich element. We then designed miRNA-binding blocker oligonucleotides (MBBOs) to prevent binding of several miRNAs to the CFTR-3'UTR and tested them in primary human nasal epithelial cells from healthy individuals and CF patients carrying the p.Phe508del CFTR mutation. These MBBOs rescued CFTR channel activity by increasing CFTR mRNA and protein levels. Our data offer new understanding of the control of the CFTR gene regulation and new putative correctors for cystic fibrosis.
Effects of Mineral Nutrition on Endogenous Cytokinins in Plants of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>L.) (1979)

<sec> The effects of inorganic nutrients on the levels of endogenous cytokinins in plants of sunflower (<it>Helianthus annuus</it>L.) grown in sand culture were studied. Low levels of nitrogen resulted in rapid decreases in the levels of cytokinins extracted from leaves, buds, roots, and root exudates. Similar effects were observed with phosphorus deficiency, but the effects of potassium deficiency on the cytokinin content of leaves was less marked. The cytokinin content was higher in plants supplied with nitrogen as nitrate than in those supplied with ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate. The decline in cytokinin levels in derooted shoots and detached leaves could be reversed by supplying them with nutrient solution. Although leaves on intact plants may normally be dependent upon the supply of cytokinins from the roots, isolated leaves have the capacity for cytokinin production when supplied with inorganic nutrients. </sec>
Healing of large (2 mm) gaps around calcium phosphate-coated bone implants: A study in goats with a follow-up of 6 months (1998)

Plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings are known for their ability to demonstrate osseointegration with bone. Recently it was found that the amount of bone apposition was strongly reduced 6 weeks after implantation in a goat model if gaps of two millimeters between bone and apatite coating existed. Stability of the apatite coatings examined did not influence the gap-healing ability. This study investigated whether a longer follow-up period of 24 weeks would be sufficient for the restoration of bone apposition on apatite coatings in an identical surgical model with 2 mm gaps, and whether bone apposition on the apatite coatings is influenced by the coating stability. Three coatings were investigated: 25-30% crystalline HA (aHA), 60-63% crystalline HA (cHA), and 85-90% crystalline fluorapatite (FA). Uncoated Ti-6A1-4V implants were used as controls. Implants were inserted in the femoral condyles of both femora of eight goats. Each goat received four implants. Histology revealed that bone formation on each of the apatite coatings remained low and did not increase with an extended follow-up period of 24 weeks. The coatings showed significantly (P < 0.01) more bone contact than the uncoated control implants. The three different coatings did not show significant differences in bone apposition. The aHA coating in most cases had disappeared completely after 24 weeks. Despite the disappearance of the aHA coating, bone contact was seen on the substrate surface without fibrous tissue interposition. The cHA coating showed minor signs of degradation while the FA coatings showed no visible degradation. It is concluded that non-press-fit implantation of apatite-coated implants leads to more bone apposition as compared to uncoated Ti-6A1-4V implants. However, it is suggested by these results that the upper limit of gaps around apatite implants is 2 millimeters in a non-weight-bearing model in goats. Bone apposition will not increase by extending the follow-up period more than six weeks, nor will it be altering the stability of the apatite coatings used.
New method for the in situ determination of Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>N composition in MOVPE by real‐time optical reflectance (2006)

Abstract This paper reports on the in situ determination of the Al‐content in Al x Ga 1– x N layers deposited by MOVPE on sapphire and silicon substrates by means of optical reflectance. The accuracy of the conventional in situ method which utilizes the dependence of the refractive index and the extinction coefficient on Al‐content is compared to that of the new dispersion approach. The limits and possibilities of the new approach will be discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Maximum likelihood post detection integration methods for spread spectrum systems (2004)

In the context of spread spectrum systems, this paper illustrates a novel and improved method to implement post detection integration in a code acquisition scheme in the presence of an unknown frequency error. The method is developed in the AWGN channel but is applicable to fading channels, too. The novel method is obtained through the application of the maximum likelihood criterion. The result is compared with the classic noncoherent and differential post detection integration schemes, showing significant improvements. Possible applications are in cellular CDMA networks and in satellite navigation and positioning systems.
RFID- and WSN-based intelligent cold chain management (2011)

The cold chain management plays a vital role to preserve perishables and deliver them to market in safe and good condition. This paper presents a cold chain management system that is implemented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The important aspects of management in cold chain such as legislations, monitoring, execution, planning and traceability systems are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the specific use of RFID and WSN in cold chain is reviewed, and the integrated management system that enables to achieve traceability, quality assurance and enhance cold chain operations is also proposed. [Received 1 September 2009, Revised 29 April 2010, Accepted 22 October 2010]
Complexation of Metals with Piperazine-Containing Azamacrocyclic Fluorophores (2004)

Azamacrocyclic fluorophores containing piperazine units were synthesized using sequential rhodium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation-reductive amination. A piperazine unit is introduced into the macrocycles to act simultaneously as electron donor and binding site. The macrocycles chelate divalent cations, either Zn2+ or Co2+, which considerably enhanced fluorescence. Complexation with Zn2+ was additionally confirmed by NMR.
Spheromak path to fusion (1999)

The spheromak attributes<sup>1</sup> - internally generated toroidal magnetic field without linked coils, dynamo-driven plasma current resulting from helicity injection, and compactness - lead to attractive reactor options ranging from "conventional" steady-state designs, to high beta pulsed configurations, and to-the core of a Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) device. The resolution of the physics issues associated with these attributes, discussed in later sections, will determine the size and viability of the reactors. Preliminary designs, however, have been made and illustrate the opportunities.
Improved age-diffusion model for low-energy electron transport in solids. I. Theory (1987)

We have developed in this paper a semianalytical electron transport model designed for parametric studies of secondary-electron emission induced by low-energy electrons (keV range) and by fast light ions (100 keV range). The primary-particle transport is assumed to be known and to give rise to an internal electron source. The importance of the nearly isotropic elastic scattering in the secondary-electron energy range (50 eV) and the slowing-down process strongly reduce the influence of the anisotropy of the internal electron source, and the internal electron flux is nearly isotropic as is evidenced by the experimental results. The differential energy behavior of the inelastic scattering kernel is very complicated and the real kernel is replaced by a synthetic scattering kernel of which parameters are obtained by energy and angle moments conservation. Through a ${P}_{1}$ approximation and the use of the synthetic scattering kernel, the Boltzmann equation is approximated by a diffusion--slowing-down equation for the isotropic part of the internal electron flux. The energy-dependent partial reflection boundary condition reduces to a Neumann-Dirichlet boundary condition. An analytical expression for the Green's function of the diffusion--slowing-down equation with the surface boundary condition is obtained by means of approximations close to the age-diffusion theory and the model allows for transient conditions. Independently from the ``improved age-diffusion'' model, a correction formula is developed in order to take into account the backscattering of primary electrons for an incident-electron problem.
A new real time exposure set-up for electrophysiological recordings: numerical and experimental dosimetry (2010)

International audience
Survival of dried eukaryotes (anhydrobiotes) after exposure to very high temperatures (2007)

Organisms that tolerate essentially complete dehydration are said to be in anhydrobiosis, and can be referred to as anhydrobiotes. Those organisms are of great ecological and medical importance, but also provide models for the study of a variety of biological phenomena. We examined the tolerance of selected eukaryotic anhydrobiotes to high temperatures using slow (∼4 °C min−1) and rapid (∼100 °C min−1) heating to 110, 120, 130, and 140 °C. Test organisms were then either returned to storage temperatures close to 22 °C (preheating), or held at those high temperatures for an additional 10 min. Some anhydrobiotes survived slow heating to 130 °C, whereas rapid heating led to a dramatic reduction in survival. None of these organisms encounter anywhere near these high temperatures in nature, so tolerance is not an obvious result of adaptation to current or recent conditions. We speculate that tolerance could have been achieved during the much earlier evolution of these organisms, and has been retained up to the present. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 93, 15–22.
<title>Optical profilometer featuring multiple virtual styli for the packaging and interconnect environment</title> (1994)

A prototype optical profilometer providing automated surface profile measurements utilizing multiple virtual styli with micron height resolution has been developed. Measurement applications illustrated in this paper include TAB Inner Lead Bond (ILB) height and planarity, surface curvature of die mounted in ceramic packages, and MCM flipchip substrate post flatness.
High Intensity Laser-Plasma Interaction Experiments Karl Krushelnick (2009)

The technology of high power lasers has advanced signiﬁcantly over the past decade. It is now possible to perform experiments with high energy “Petawatt” (1015 Watts) class laser systems at large laser facilities and similarly possible to perform high intensity experiments using ultrashort pulse laser systems (sub 50 fs) which have high repetition rates and which ﬁt into a university scale laboratory (Perry and Mourou 1994). Both of these types of lasers are capable of producing unique states of matter which can have relativistic “temperatures” (Key et al. 1998), ultra-strong magnetic ﬁelds (Tatarakis et al 2002) and which can produce beams of energetic electrons (Mangles et al. 2004 - Faure et al 2004), ions (Clark et al. 2000) and gamma rays (Edwards et al. 2002). This has consequently led to a recent surge of interest in these systems for technological applications as well as for the examination of fundamental scientiﬁc issues.
Effects of in ovo injection with selenium on immune and antioxidant responses during experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens (2014)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of Se on modulating the immune system and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens with experimental necrotic enteritis. Broiler eggs were injected at 18 d of embryo age with either 100 μL of PBS alone or sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) in PBS, providing 0 (SS0), 10 (SS10), or 20 (SS20) μg of Se/egg. At 14 d posthatch, PBS-treated and uninfected chickens were kept as the control group, whereas the remaining chickens were orally infected with 1.0 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima (SS0, SS10, SS20). At 18 d posthatch, E. maxima-infected chickens were orally infected with 1.0 × 10(9) cfu of Clostridium perfringens. Infected control SS0 group showed significantly decreased BW compared with the uninfected control. However, SS20 group showed significantly increased BW compared with the infected control SS0 group, whereas the BW were similar among uninfected control and infected SS10 and SS20 groups. The SS10 group showed significantly lower intestinal lesions compared with the SS0 group, and oocyst production was decreased in both SS10 and SS20 groups. Serum malondialdehyde level and catalase activity were also decreased in both SS10 and SS20 groups, whereas the superoxide dismutase level was significantly lower in the SS10 group compared with the SS0 group. The SS20 group showed significantly higher levels of transcripts for IL-1β and IL-6 in intestine, and SS10 and SS20 groups had higher levels of transcripts for IL-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and decreased glutathione peroxidase 7 mRNA levels compared with the SS0 group. The SS10 and SS20 groups also showed increased serum antibody levels to C. perfringens α-toxin and NetB toxin compared with the SS0 group. These collective results suggest that the injection of Se into the amniotic cavity of developing eggs may be beneficial for enhancing immune and antioxidant responses in the hatched chickens exposed to the necrotic enteritis-causing pathogens.
POST IRRADIATION EXAMINATION OF SEVEN ELEMENT ZIRCALOY-SHEATHED UO$sub 2$ FUEL BUNDLES IRRADIATED IN PRESSURIZED WATER TEST CR-V-e (1961)

Zircaloy-2 sheathed UO/sub 2/ pellets, enriched to 7.95 wt% U/sup 235/ in total U, and assembled into seven-rod clusters, were irradiated for 145 days in a pressurized water loop. The most highly rated element operated at 505 W/cm length, and achieved a burn-up ln excess of 7,500 MWd/ ton of U. The outer elements of each bundle had bowed outward by a maximum of 0.05 in., but there was no measurable change in diameter of the individual elements. The temperatures at the center of the fuel were sufficiently high to cause appreciable grain growth in the UO/sub 2/. Severe distortion of the neutron flux distribution by the highly enriched fuel caused the grain growth region to be displaced toward the outside of the bundle by about 1/4 of the element's radius. The bowing of the elements was attributed to the thermal asymmetry. The values of the fuel burn-up deduced from loop calorimetry were in agreement, within experimental error, with those obtained by chemical analysis; the heat rating required to produce grain growth was compatible with previous experience. This irradiation confirmed the feasibility of using highly rated UO/sub 2/ in Zircaloy sheathing for fuel assemblies in water-cooled reactors. (auth)
Symmetrized density matrix renormalization group studies of the properties of low-lying states of the poly-para-phenylene system (1997)

We report the symmetrized density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) study of neutral and doped oligomers of poly-para-phenylene (PPP) system within an extended Hubbard model. Model parameters are determined by comparing the existing results for an interacting small system. We compute a number of properties in the ground state as well as in the one-photon, two-photon and triplet states to completely characterize these states. Bond-order studies show that the lowest two-photon state corresponds to a localized excitation while one-photon and triplet excitations are extended in nature. The bipolaronic state shows clear evidence for charge separation and disproportionation into two polarons. We find that the extended nature of one-photon and triplet states of the neutral system are very similar to those of the bipolaronic ground states.
Acceleration of o-Iodosobenzoate-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Diphenyl Phosphate by Cationic Polymer Colloids (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcceleration of o-Iodosobenzoate-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Diphenyl Phosphate by Cationic Polymer ColloidsJeng-Jong Lee and Warren T. FordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9, 3753–3759Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00088a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetics of clinical expression in SLE (2007)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of complex autoimmune diseases and is characterized by extreme breakdown of self-tolerance which results in a wide range of immunologic abnormalities and immune complex formation. Genetic, hormonal and environmental factors are known to contribute to the expression of the disease. SLE is very heterogeneous in clinical manifestations and different autoantibodies may predict different set of clinical outcome, however, despite considerable accumulated knowledge, the detailed pathogenesis of SLE still remains unknown. In genetic studies, recent findings in gene expression analyses strongly support the direct role of cytokines and interferons in various immune dysregulations described in SLE. By recent advances in high-throughput SNP genotyping, the association studies of this complex disease have become more practical and for the first time new genetic association results can be confirmed in different population.