gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lambda chain expression at different stages of ontogeny in C57BL/6, BALB/c and SJL mice (1981)

Abstract In C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, 2–3% of immunoglobulin‐positive cells express λ1 and 1–2% λ2 chains at the cell surface. These percentages are constant from the time around birth until adult age. The levels of λ1 chains in serum antibodies correspond closely to those in the B cell population in both mouse strains whereas in the case of λ2 chains, they are three times lower in serum antibodies than in the B cell population. In strain SJL, λ2‐bearing B cells occur in similar frequencies as in BALB/c and C57BL/6, both in newborn and adult animals. However, the level of λ2‐bearing immunoglobulins in the serum is 30 times below that expected on the basis of the cellular analysis and 10 times lower than in BALB/c and C57BL/6. B cells expressing λ1‐like light chains were found in normal frequency in newborn SJL mice with a monoclonal rat anti‐λ1 antibody. In adult animals such cells were present in a frequency 100 times below that characteristic for BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The concentration of immunoglobulin reactive with rat anti‐λ1 antibody was 300 times lower in SJL than in BALB/c and C57BL/6 serum, in accord with previous data (W. Geckeler et al., J. Exp. Med. 1978. 148 : 1122). The notion that in SJL mice a control mechanism specifically suppressess λ chain expression is further supported by an analysis of the early primary anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NP) response. We show that this response is initially dominated by antibody‐forming cells secreting antibodies with λ1‐like light chains. These cells rapidly disappear and appear to be selected against particulary in the IgG response. The monoclonal SJL anti‐λ1 antibody Ls136 (M. Reth et al., Eur. J. Immunol . 1979. 9 : 1004) does not stain any B cells in SJL mice, whereas it detects λ1‐bearing cells in C57BL/6 and BALB/c animals in the expected frequency.
Ca2+signalling in stomatal guard cells (2000)

Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger in the signal transduction pathway(s) by which stomatal guard cells respond to external stimuli. Increases in guard-cell cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) have been observed in response to stimuli that cause both stomatal opening and closure. In addition, several important components of Ca2+-based signalling pathways have been identified in guard cells, including the cADP-ribose and phospholipase C/Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+-mobilizing pathways. The central role of stimulus-induced increases in [Ca2+]cyt in guard-cell signal transduction has been clearly demonstrated in experiments examining the effects of modulating increases in [Ca2+]cyt on alterations in guard-cell turgor or the activity of ion channels that act as effectors in the guard-cell turgor response. In addition, the paradox that Ca2+ is involved in the transduction of signals that result in opposite end responses (stomatal opening and closure) might be accounted for by the generation of stimulus-specific Ca2+ signatures, such that increases in [Ca2+]cyt exhibit unique spatial and temporal characteristics.
Collective Sound Mode in a Two-Component Fluid (1964)

Starting with two Boltzmann-like equations, a kinetic theory is made of the long-wavelength disturbances that propagate in a two-component neutral fluid. A transition is observed from separate adiabatic sound speeds for each gas in the case of weak coupling to the single adiabatic sound speed of the gas mixture plus strongly damped relative motion in the opposite extreme of strong coupling between the gases.
Bioethanol production from spent mushroom compost derived from chaff of millet and sorghum (2017)

Spent mushroom compost derived from sorghum chaff has the potential to be an industrially useful substrate for producing second-generation bioethanol. This might be improved further through fractionation and exploitation of hemicellulosic moieties, and possibly the exploitation of the mycelium-containing final residue for animal feed. However, spent compost derived from millet does not provide a suitably high concentration of ethanol to make it industrially attractive. Further research on the difficulty in quantitatively saccharifying cellulose from composted millet chaff and other similar substrates such as rice husk is required.
A Distributed-Index Planar Micro-Lens Made of Plastics (1981)

A new distributed-index lens, a planar micro-lens, which can be monolithically fabricated on a planar substrate has been realized with optical plastics by means of a monomer exchange technique. A lower index plastic MMA ( n =1.494) is diffused into a planar plastic substrate of DAI ( n =1.570) with a higher index from around the circular disk mask of 3.6 mmφ. The spot diameter of focused light was as small as 27 µm with a focal length of 25 mm, and a clear image was observed by this lens.
A Method for Constructing a Lax Pair for the Ernst Equation (2008)

A systematic construction of a Lax pair and an infinite set of conservation laws for the Ernst equation is described. The matrix form of this equation is rewritten as a differential ideal of gl(2,R)-valued differential forms, and its symmetry condition is expressed as an exterior equation which is linear in the symmetry characteristic and has the form of a conservation law. By means of a recursive process, an infinite collection of such laws is then obtained, and the conserved "charges" are used to derive a linear exterior equation whose components constitute a Lax pair.
ChemInform Abstract: UNEINHEITLICHE ANORDNUNG VON GELOESTEN MOLEKUELEN IN NEMATISCHEN LOESUNGSMITTELN, ESR‐UNTERSUCHUNG DER COEXISTIERENDEN AUSRICHTUNGEN DES GELOESTEN (1970)

Abstract Die ESR‐Spektren der Nitroxidradikale (I)‐(III) sind in der isotropen Phase ähnlich.
Optimal single probe traversal algorithm for testing of MCM substrate (2002)

An algorithm for finding the optimal traversal route of a single probe to test MCM interconnects is presented. The goal of this work is to optimize the total distance traveled by a single test probe on an MCM substrate and thereby reduce the substrate testing time. It is assumed that only one terminal pad of each interconnection net is to be probed. Our algorithm is based on tour construction and improvement with arbitrary insertion for solving a complex variation of the traveling salesman problem. Improved insertion and shuffling techniques guarantee the step by step optimization of the total traversal cost. The validity of the algorithm has been confirmed with experiments and shows that up to 50% reduction in probe traversal time can be obtained with our technique.
Enzymatic isomerization and epimerization of <scp>d</scp>‐erythrose 4‐phosphate and its quantitative analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1984)

An enzyme preparation from beef liver catalyzed the isomerization and epimerization of D-erythrose 4-phosphate to D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-threose 4-phosphate. The presence of D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-threose 4-phosphate was demonstrated by several analytical methods. After dephosphorylation, the presence of D-erythrulose and D-threose was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and an enzymatic method depending upon D-erythrulose reductase. The enzymatic products were also identified and simultaneously quantitated by a new procedure using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Each of three tetroses was distinguished by the combination of the reduction with sodium borodeuteride and the determination of relative intensities of the ion pairs m/z 379 and 380 of sugar tetritol trifluoroacetate. By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we observed that D-threose 4-phosphate was also converted into D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-erythrose 4-phosphate. At the equilibrium, about 90% of the tetrose 4-phosphate existed in the form of D-erythrulose 4-phosphate. On the basis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometric evidence together with gas chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic patterns, it is suggested that the single enzyme of the beef liver catalyzed both reactions of isomerization and epimerization of aldotetrose 4-phosphate.
Biotransformation and biodegradation of N-substituted aromatics in methanogenic granular sludge (1997)

N-Substituted aromatic compounds are environmental contaminants associated with the production and use of dyes, explosives, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the potential of anaerobic granular sludge from anaerobic treatment systems towards the detoxification, transformation, and mineralization of nitroaromatic and azo compounds. Nitroaromatics and azo dyes with strong electron withdrawing are highly inhibitory to acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria. However, nitro and azo substituted aromatics are readily reductively detoxified in methanogenic consortia to their respective aromatic amines, which are several orders of magnitude less toxic. This reductive detoxification has allowed the successful operation of anaerobic reactors for the treatment of highly toxic aromatic compounds. In the course of the experiments it was discovered that some aromatic amines were mineralized. These results indicate that some N-substituted aromatic compounds can be completely mineralized and serve as a carbon and energy source for anaerobic bacteria.
Sub‐band deletion of 7q36.3 in a patient with ring chromosome 7: Association with holoprosencephaly (1996)

We report on a patient with ring chromosome 7 analyzed by both high-resolution mid-prophase G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) resolving a sub-band deletion of 7q36.3 associated with the clinical manifestation of holoprosencephaly (HPE). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Flow system and 9.5 GHz microwave resonators for time-resolved and steady-state electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in compressed and supercritical fluids (1997)

An apparatus for the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection of stable and transient free radicals in pressurized liquids and supercritical fluids is described. The construction of a quartz EPR sample cell capable of withstanding pressures up to 3000 psi (204 atm) and the components of a high pressure flow system are explained and illustrated. In order to accommodate the thick-walled, high pressure sample tube, two X-band (9.5 GHz) microwave cavities were fabricated. One is a brass, cylindrical TE011 cavity for time-resolved (direct detection) EPR experiments where field modulation was not necessary, and the other is a silver wire-wound cylindrical TE011 cavity, mounted in a quartz support tube. The wire-wound cavity allows for simultaneous light excitation and field modulation for steady-state EPR. Both cavities are fitted with tunable end plates to facilitate tuning at X band in the face of large frequency shifts when the sample tube is introduced to the resonator and to allow for operation with smaller sample tubes at ambient pressure. Microwave coupling, flow optimization, and UV-light access for both cavities are described, and sample spectra in both time-resolved and steady-state modes are reported.
Friedel-crafts reactions of pendant vinyl groups in macroporous monosized poly(meta-divinylbenzene) and poly(para-divinylbenzene) particles (2000)

Residual vinyl groups in macroporous monosized polymer particles of poly(meta-DVB) and poly(para-DVB) prepared with toluene and 2-EHA as porogens have been reacted with aluminum chloride as Friedel–Crafts catalyst with and without the presence of lauroyl chloride. In the reaction between aluminum chloride and pendant vinyl groups a post-crosslinking by cationic polymerization takes place. A reaction occurring simultaneously is the addition of HCl to the double bonds. The progress of these reactions was studied by characterization of vinyl group conversion, pore size distribution, specific surface area, morphology, and swelling behavior. In the reaction with aluminum chloride the poly(para-DVB) particles showed a substantially higher conversion of pendant vinyl groups than the particles made of poly(meta-DVB) independent of porogen type. The reaction with aluminum chloride led to a reduced swelling in organic solvents and an increased rigidity of the particles prepared with toluene as porogen. This is confirmed by an increase in the total pore volume in the dry state and a change in the pore size distribution of these particles. Also in the reaction with lauroyl chloride poly(para-DVB) particles have shown a higher conversion of pendant vinyl groups than poly(meta-DVB) particles and the acylation was almost complete at the early stage of the reaction. The swelling in organic solvents is reduced as a result of the incorporation of acyl groups into the particles prepared with toluene as porogen. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1366–1378, 2000
Development of flameless sulfur chemiluminescence detection: application to gas chromatography (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of flameless sulfur chemiluminescence detection: application to gas chromatographyRandall L. ShearerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 18, 2192–2196Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00042a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00042a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
III-V semiconductor quantum dots for efficient quantum light sources (2015)

Comunicacion presentada en el 3rd international Workshop Engineering of quantum emitter properties, celebrado en Linz (Austria) el 17 y 18 de diciembre de 2015.
Isolation and characterization of mouse articular cartilage proteoglycans using preformed CsCl density gradients in the Beckman Airfuge. A rapid semi-micro procedure for proteoglycan isolation. (1982)

A technique has been developed for the rapid isolation of proteoglycans from small amounts of tissue extracts using the Beckman Airfuge.Aliquots (50 p1) of proteoglycan samples are layered on preformed CsCl density gradients and centrifuged at -135,000 X g for 4 h.Under both associative and dissociative conditions, proteoglycan sediments to the lower third of the tube (e.g. on a preformed associative gradient, 93% of the uronic acid in a bovine nasal cartilage extract accumulates in this bottom fraction).Gel chromatography indicates predominately aggregate in the bottom third of the associative gradient, and gel electrophoresis of '261-labeled fractions reveals that the proteoglycan is well separated from other proteins in the extract.The uronic acid distribution through a dissociative fractionation is similar to that obtained by conventional equilibrium density gradient centrifugation.Gel chromatography of the monomer fraction indicates the absence of hyaluronic acid and a broad included peak typical of proteoglycan monomer from bovine nasal cartilage.Enzymatic assay for hyaluronic acid shows it to be predominately in the top third of the tube.Both gel electrophoresis and quantitation by radioimmunoassay show the link proteins in the top fraction.This rapid fractionation of small sample volumes in the Airfuge is used in conjunction with additional modifications of extraction procedures to isolate and characterize mouse articular cartilage proteoglycan.The modifications, meant to minimize proteolytic degradation of the proteoglycans, include short extraction and dialysis times and maintenance of subzero temperatures.The '2gII-labeled mouse proteoglycan of the aggregate fraction is excluded from Sepharose CL-2B, and the K., of the '2gI-labeled mouse monomer is 0.46.Reacting this '261-labeled aggregate with a link-specific antiserum reveals only the smaller link protein 2 in mouse articular cartilage aggregate.Small animal models which possess inborn disease traits are particularly valuable for studies on the biochemical basis of human disease.For example, an inbred mouse strain (STR/ IN) has a high spontaneous incidence of osteoarthritis (1).
Serum Osteocalcin Concentration in Patients with Prostatic Cancer (1988)

Fifty-four subjects were studied: 36 advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma patients in stage D and 18 normal age-matched male controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum acid phosphatase, plasma osteocalcin, 24-h urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and 24-h whole-body retention of [99mTc]-methylene diphosphonate were measured in all subjects before and 3, 6, and 9 weeks after the start of treatment. Skeletal metastases were identified by radiography and/or [99mTc]-methylene diphosphonate bone scan. The results confirm that acid phosphatase is a significant marker in prostatic cancer; serum alkaline phosphatase may be useful in the evaluation and monitoring of bone metastases but it is not always specific; urinary excretion of hydroxyproline is an index of osteoclastic activity; serum osteocalcin may be considered more specific in the evaluation and monitoring of osteoblastic bone metastases in prostatic cancer.
Gas-Phase Rearrangements Do Not Affect Site Localization Reliability in Phosphoproteomics Data Sets (2010)

Intramolecular transfer of phosphate during collision-induced dissociation (CID) in ion-trap mass spectrometers has recently been described. Because phosphorylation events are assigned to discrete serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues based on the presence of site-determining ions in MS/MS spectra, phosphate transfer may invalidate or confound site localization in published large-scale phosphorylation data sets. Here, we present evidence for the occurrence of this phenomenon using synthetic phosphopeptide libraries, specifically for doubly charged species. We found, however, that the extent of the transfer reaction was insufficient to cause localization of phosphorylation sites to incorrect residues. We further compared CID to electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) for site localization using synthetic libraries and a large-scale yeast phosphoproteome experiment. The agreement in site localization was >99.5 and 93%, respectively, suggesting that ETD-based site localization is no more reliable than CID. We conclude that intramolecular phosphate transfer does not affect the reliability of current or past phosphorylation data sets.
KS-Detect – Validation of Solar Thermal PCR for the Diagnosis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Using Pseudo-Biopsy Samples (2016)

Resource-limited settings present unique engineering challenges for medical diagnostics. Diagnosis is often needed for those unable to reach central healthcare systems, making portability and independence from traditional energy infrastructure essential device parameters. In 2014, our group presented a microfluidic device that performed a solar-powered variant of the polymerase chain reaction, which we called solar thermal PCR. In this work, we expand on our previous effort by presenting an integrated, portable, solar thermal PCR system targeted towards the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. We call this system KS-Detect, and we now report the system's performance as a diagnostic tool using pseudo-biopsy samples made from varying concentrations of human lymphoma cell lines positive for the KS herpesvirus (KSHV). KS-Detect achieved 83% sensitivity and 70% specificity at high (≥ 10%) KSHV+ cell concentrations when diagnosing pseudo-biopsy samples by smartphone image. Using histology, we confirm that our prepared pseudo-biopsies contain similar KSHV+ cell concentrations as human biopsies positive for KS. Through our testing of samples derived from human cell lines, we validate KS-Detect as a viable, portable KS diagnostic tool, and we identify critical engineering considerations for future solar-thermal PCR devices.
Cytosine methylation transforms an E2F site in the retinoblastoma gene promoter into a binding site for the general repressor methylcytosine- binding protein 2 (MeCP2) (1999)

The CpG-rich promoter of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (Rb-1) is normally unmethylated. However, aberrant methylation of CpG dinucleotides within the Rb-1 promoter has been depicted in certain tumors, which determines transcriptional inactivity of the gene and absence of the pRb retinoblastoma protein. Here we have concentrated on an E2F-binding site in the Rb-1 promoter. We show that the E2F site is required for cell-cycle regulated Rb-1 transcription in non-transformed cells. The function of the E2F site is associated with its ability to interact with several activating factors of the E2F family. In contrast, in vitro methylation of two tandemly arranged CpGs in the E2F recognition site prevents binding by E2F factors, and determines instead the recruitment of the general repressor methylcytosine-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). These results suggest that the interaction of MeCP2 with the methylated version of the E2F site may represent a step towards Rb-1 promoter inactivity in tumor cells.
Technology Development of the Non-contact Type oil Leaks Sensor using ASK Modulation (2011)

We developed a new oil leakage sensor using blue-violet excitation light modulated with amplitude shift keying (ASK). The sensor can selectively detect fluorescence from insulating oil or turbine oil without being affected by ambient light.
Femoral shaft fracture (2008)

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