gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Strain Increases Smooth Muscle and Decreases Nonmuscle Myosin Expression in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1996)

The effect of cyclic (1-Hz) mechanical strain on expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms was examined in neonatal rat vascular smooth muscle cells cultured on silicone elastomer plates. Myosin heavy chain isoforms were identified by immunoblot using antibodies recognizing (1) smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms SM-1 and SM-2, (2) SM-1 exclusively, and (3) nonmuscle myosin heavy chains A and B. In response to 36 to 72 hours of strain, SM-1 and SM-2 increased by fourfold to sixfold, whereas nonmuscle myosin A decreased to 30% of control. Nonmuscle myosin B was unaffected by strain. SM-1 mRNA increased by twofold to threefold after 12 hours of strain but decreased toward control levels thereafter. SM-2 mRNA was only barely detectable. Nonmuscle myosin A mRNA decreased to 50% of control after 3 hours of strain and then returned to the control level. Since these cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in response to strain, we assessed the effects of PDGF on myosin isoform expression. Exogenous PDGF (10 ng/mL) decreased SM-1 expression by 35% and increased nonmuscle myosin expression twofold, opposite the effect of strain. In cells exposed to strain with neutralizing antibodies to PDGF-AB, the strain-induced increase in SM-1 was enhanced 10-fold, and nonmuscle myosin A was reduced to 40% of control. Finally, the effect of extracellular matrix on transduction of the strain signal was studied. Forty-eight hours of cyclic strain increased SM-1 by twofold in cells cultured on collagen type 1 and threefold in cells cultured on laminin. In fibronectin-cultured cells, strain elicited no increase in SM-1. Thus, mechanical strain, sensed through specific interactions with the matrix, can alter myosin isoform expression toward that found in a more differentiated state.
Further observations on Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and other sporeforming bacteria (1954)

Abstract does not appear. First page follows.
 Introduction
 In 1951 our laboratory reported (Steinhaus, 1951) on some aspects of the biological control potentialities of certain sporeforming
 bacteria, together with some general considerations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner as an insect pathogen and as a possible agent to use in the control of the
 alfalfa caterpillar. This was followed with similar studies by the senior author’s
 students (Tanada, 1953); (Hall, 1954); (Clark, 1954) and an associate (Thompson, 1954). In the meantime, we have been making incidental observations on B. thuringiensis and its pathogenicity for several species of insects being reared in the laboratory.
 Although in their studies on B. thuringiensis, (Berliner (1915)) and (Mattes (1927)) noticed that the vegetative remains of the sporulating cells assumed a rhomboid shape,
 the description by Hannay, in 1953, of “crystalline inclusions” in the sporangium
 of the organism made room for further interpretations of the data being accumulated
 on this bacillus. Neither Berliner nor Mattes attributed to these bodies any role
 in the disease process caused by the ingestion of sporulating B. thuringiensis. Hannay, on the other hand, speculated that the inclusions were connected with the
 pathogenicity of the bacillus. Heretofore our own investigations had never included
 cytological studies of the bacillus at the stage the inclusions are formed. In retrospect,
 however, it would appear that these bodies were present in some of our preparations,
 as evidenced by figures 2 and 3 in our 1951 paper (Steinhaus, 1951). With the staining methods used, however, the free inclusions were not recognized
 as anything other than part of the “remains of the vegetative cells.”
CMOS exponential-control variable gain amplifiers (2004)

New CMOS exponential-control variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) are presented. The control signal can be either current-mode or voltage-mode. Since no multiplier is needed in the proposed circuits, the proposed VGAs can be very compact. For the case of supply voltages VDD=∣VSS∣=1.5 V, the power dissipation is only 0.48 mW. The gain control range of the proposed VGA can be 30 dB. The proposed circuits have been fabricated in a 0.5 μm n-well CMOS process. Experimental results are given to confirm the feasibility of the proposed VGAs, which are expected to be useful in analogue signal processing applications.
실험 연구 : 시스플라틴 유발 급성 신부전 생쥐 모델에서 프랙토카인의 발현과 프랙토카인 수용체 양성세포와 대식세포 침윤 양상에 관한 연구 (2008)

목적: 프랙토카인 (Fractalkine, CX3CL1)은 활성화된 혈관내피세포에서 분비되는 케모카인으로 프랙토카인 수용체 (Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1)를 함유하는 염증세포들에 대한 부착인자와 화학주성인자 역할을 동시에 보유한 특이 케모카인이다. 최근 보고에 따르면 허혈성 급성신부전 생쥐 모델에서 혈관 내피 내 CX3CL1 표현 강도가 증가되고 CX3CR1 억제로 급성 신부전이 예방됨이 알려진 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 시스플라틴 유발 급성신부전 생쥐모델에서 CX3CL1표현/CX3CR1 양성세포와 대식세포 침윤 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법: 시스플라틴을 (30 mg/kg) 야생형 생쥐 C57BL/6의 복강 내로 주사하여 시스플라틴 유발 급성신부전을 유발하였다. CX3CL1과 CX3CR1 양성세포에 대한 면역형광염색을 혈관내피 및 신세관 간질 조직에서 시행하였다. 또한 대식세포 침윤 양상을 시스플라틴 유발 급성 신부전이 예방됨이 밝혀진 caspase-1 결핍 생쥐와 비교하고 시스플라틴 투여 후 시간 별로 관찰하였다. 결과: (1) 시스플라틴 투여 3일째 급성 신부전이 유발되었다. (2) 혈관 내피와 신세관간질 조직에서 CX3CL1 표현은 시스플라틴 투여 2일째 가장 증가되었고 혈관 내피보다 신세관간질 조직에서 강도가 더 증가되어 있었다. 그러나 CX3CR1 양성 세포의 신장 조직 내 침윤은 매개체투여 생쥐와 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. (3) 시스플라틴 유발 급성신부전 생쥐와 비교해서 대식세포의 신 조직 내 침윤은 caspase-1 결핍 생쥐에서 의미 있게 감소되었고 대식세포 침윤은 시스플라틴 투여 2일째부터 의미 있게 증가되었다. 결론: 시스플라틴 유발 급성 신부전 생쥐에서 CX3CL1 표현은 특히 신세관간질 조직에서 증가되어 있었지만 CX3CR1 양성 세포의 유의한 증가는 없었다. 또한 대식세포 침윤은 시스플라틴 투여 2일째부터 의미 있게 증가되었지만 대식세포 고갈로 시스플라틴 유발 급성 신부전이 예방되지 않는 최근 보고를 고려할 때 시스플라틴 유발 급성 신부전 병태생리 연구에 자연세포독성세포등과 다른 염증 세포들에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
다문화청소년의 인권실태 분석과 다문화인권교육 개선방안 (2018)

한국 사회에는 인종적․민족적으로 다양한 인구집단이 지속적으로 증가하고 있지만, 다문화에 대한 인식과 편견이 존재한다. 본 연구는 다문화청소년에 대한 인권 침해와 차별 행위가 인권 존중 의식의 부족에서 나타나고 있다는 점에 주목하여 인권의 관점에서 교육적 해법을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우리나라의 다문화청소년 현황과 인권실태를 확인하고...
Resilient aggregation scheme for confidential sensor reports (2007)

Aggregating sensor reports can significantly reduce sensor network traffics, but to provide confidentiality to these reports might disable meaningful aggregation. This paper tackles the problem by proposing a resilient aggregation scheme RAS that achieves 2-level aggregation at cluster and network respectively. Cluster aggregation collects local sensing reports, then authenticates and encrypts the aggregated report. Encrypted reports, while traversing the network to base station, are further processed by network aggregators. Upon receiving an encrypted report, a network aggregator matches it with the stored keywords and then processes the report based on certain policies such as forwarding to the next hop, updating it or simply dropping it on detecting duplicates. The reports are only decrypted at their destinations. We ensure the confidentiality of the reports, as the intermediate aggregators learn nothing about them except several encrypted keywords. We analyze the resilience and overhead of the RAS scheme with the simulation results showing that the scheme is resilient against node compromise attack with reasonable performance overhead. Our analysis show that the scheme is secure, resilient and efficient.
Integrated chassis control for vehicle rollover prevention with neural network time-to-rollover warning metrics (2016)

The rollover of road vehicles is one of the most serious problems related to transportation safety. In this article, a novel rollover prevention control system composed of rollover warning and integrated chassis control algorithm is proposed. First, a conventional time-to-rollover warning algorithm was presented based on the 3-degree of freedom vehicle model. In order to improve the precision of vehicle rollover prediction, a back-propagation neural network was adopted to regulate time to rollover online by considering multi-state parameters of the vehicle. Second, a rollover prevention algorithm based on integrated chassis control was investigated, where the active front steering and the active yaw moment control were coordinated by model predictive control methodology. Finally, the algorithms were evaluated under several typical maneuvers utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim co-simulation. The results show that the proposed neural network time-to-rollover metrics can be a good measure of the danger of rollover, and the roll stability of the simulated vehicle is improved significantly with reduced side slip angle and yaw rate by the proposed integrated chassis control rollover prevention system.
K<sub>3</sub>BiSe<sub>3</sub>, Rb<sub>3</sub>BiSe<sub>3</sub> und Cs<sub>3</sub>BiSe<sub>3</sub> – Substitutionsvarianten des Th<sub>3</sub>P<sub>4</sub>‐Typs (1996)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Verbindungen K 3 BiSe 3 , Rb 3 BiSe 3 und Cs 3 BiSe 3 gelang durch Umsetzungen von Bi 2 O 3 mit dem entsprechenden Alkalicarbonat in einem mit Selen beladenen Wasserstoffstrom bei 850°C. Die Verbindungen erscheinen im Durchlicht rot und kristallisieren im Na 3 AsS 3 ‐Typ (Raumgruppe P2 1 3) mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 9,771(5) Å für K 3 BiSe 3 , a = 10,161(3) Å für Rb 3 BiSe 3 und a = 10,587(5) Å für Cs 3 BiSe 3 . Es handelt sich um Substitutionsderivate des Th 3 P 4 ‐Typs.
Engineering Monovalent Quantum Dot−Antibody Bioconjugates with a Hybrid Gel System (2011)

Monovalent nanoparticles are of strong current interest in biological imaging and detection due to their potential for stoichiometric binding with target molecules. We report the preparation of monovalent quantum dot-antibody bioconjugates using a high-resolution hybrid gel system specially designed for fractionation of nanoparticle bioconjugates. A key feature of this technology is that it is broadly applicable to many types of nanoparticle-antibody complexes without the need of genetically engineered proteins. This is particularly important because antibodies are still the dominant molecular targeting probes, despite new discoveries made with other targeting probes such as aptamers and peptides. Furthermore, we show experimental evidence of improved quantification capability using the monovalent probes, whose advantages over their multivalent counterparts had largely been a theoretic prediction previously. This new class of nanoprobe should find broad application in quantitative biological detection and imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Predicting the risk of recurrence after surgery for prostate cancer. (2005)

A previous Point-of-Care Guide identified a clinical decision rule that estimates the likelihood of an abnormal biopsy for prostate cancer. One of the next questions facing the patient and his physician is the likelihood of recurrence after surgery.
Threat evaluation based on automatic sensor signal characterisation and anomaly detection (2016)

Autonomous cyber physical systems are increasingly common in a wide variety of application domains, with a correspondingly wide range of functionalities and types of sensing and actuation. At the same time, the variety and frequency of cyber attacks is increasing in correspondence with the increasing popularity and functionality of these systems, from in-vehicle driver assistance to smart city infrastructure and robotics. These technologies rely on a variety of sensors, actuating nodes and control communications. Each sensor adds context by which the autonomous system can better understand its environment, but each sensor also provides opportunities for attack, as has been observed in a variety of attacks on different systems. In this paper, we introduce a model to observe signal characteristics, including noise level patterns, on sensor data streams and incorporate this information to differentiate between normal or abnormal behaviour of a robotic vehicle. This model forms the basis of an automated threat detection scheme, which we test using a purpose-built testbed. Experiments are conducted in a controlled environment using stochastic elements to introduce certain levels of randomness during the experiment. The results indicate that the system is able to distinguish the behaviour of a robotic vehicle under different levels of environmental volatility and is able to identify a sensory channel attack against it.
Interacting One-Dimensional Fermionic Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases (2012)

In free fermion systems with given symmetry and dimension, the possible topological phases are labeled by elements of only three types of Abelian groups, 0, Z2, or Z. For example, noninteracting one-dimensional fermionic superconducting phases with S(z) spin rotation and time-reversal symmetries are classified by Z. We show that with weak interactions, this classification reduces to Z4. Using group cohomology, one can additionally show that there are only four distinct phases for such one-dimensional superconductors even with strong interactions. Comparing their projective representations, we find that all these four symmetry-protected topological phases can be realized with free fermions. Further, we show that one-dimensional fermionic superconducting phases with Z(n) discrete S(z) spin rotation and time-reversal symmetries are classified by Z4 when n is even and Z2 when n is odd; again, all these strongly interacting topological phases can be realized by noninteracting fermions. Our approach can be applied to systems with other symmetries to see which one-dimensional topological phases can be realized with free fermions.
Ergonomics in Surgery: A Review (2017)

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among surgeons but have received little attention owing to under-reporting of injury and logistical constraints of studying surgical ergonomics. Future research must aim to develop objective surgical ergonomics instruments and guidelines and to correlate ergonomics assessments with pain and tissue-level damage in surgeons with WMSDs. Ergonomics training should be developed to protect surgeons from preventable, potentially career-altering injuries.
Land Tax, Surtaxes, Miscellaneous Fees and Extra-Legal Charges (1997)

The land tax system from the early eighteenth century right through to the 1930s was dualistic in nature: a formal system regulated by statutes existed; but since it was incapable of meeting the ever-growing demands of fiscal administration, there developed in the course of time an irregularly controlled or informal system. ‘The presence of the informal system’, as Wang Yeh-chien points out, ‘made the management of the public economy fragmentary and even chaotic, but it was the system, informal yet flexible, that kept public administration in operation.’1 Naturally, there was a difference between what a peasant was required by statutes to pay and what he actually paid. To the original statutory land tax quota was added a number of surtaxes; to surtaxes were added ‘miscellaneous fees’ of local origins; to these were further added extra-legal charges demanded by tax-collectors. A contemporary observer was hardly exaggerating when he described land taxation in the late Qing and Republican period as ‘open robbery by ravenous officials and petty functionaries’.2
Breakthrough Pain in Cancer Patients: Characteristics, Prevalence, and Treatment (1998)

As indicated in this review by Patt and Ellison, the literature pertaining to the association between transitory acute pains and chronic cancer-related pain is limited and plagued by nomenclatural problems. Nonetheless, the clinical relevance of these so-called breakthrough pains is apparent to those who treat cancer patients.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition InGaAs <i>p</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> photodiodes with extremely low dark current (1988)

Planar, Zn-diffused InP/InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes, which have been fabricated from material grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, have been shown to exhibit extremely low dark current. The typical dark current measured for 100-μm-diam devices was 10 pA at −10 V bias, with some devices having values as low as 3 pA (3.8×10−8 A/cm2). Excellent uniformity of the dark current was found. A low capacitance of 0.45 pF, a responsivity at 1.3 μm of 0.90 A/W, and rise/fall times of less than 150 ps were measured at −5 V bias.
AP2/ERF Transcription Factor in Rice: Genome-Wide Canvas and Syntenic Relationships between Monocots and Eudicots (2012)

The transcription factor family intimately regulates gene expression in response to hormones, biotic and abiotic factors, symbiotic interactions, cell differentiation, and stress signalling pathways in plants. In this study, 170 AP2/ERF family genes are identified by phylogenetic analysis of the rice genome (Oryza sativa l. japonica) and they are divided into a total of 11 groups, including four major groups (AP2, ERF, DREB, and RAV), 10 subgroups, and two soloists. Gene structure analysis revealed that, at position-6, the amino acid threonine (Thr-6) is conserved in the double domain AP2 proteins compared to the amino acid arginine (Arg-6), which is preserved in the single domain of ERF proteins. In addition, the histidine (His) amino acid is found in both domains of the double domain AP2 protein, which is missing in single domain ERF proteins. Motif analysis indicates that most of the conserved motifs, apart from the AP2/ERF domain, are exclusively distributed among the specific clades in the phylogenetic tree and regulate plausible functions. Expression analysis reveals a widespread distribution of the rice AP2/ERF family genes within plant tissues. In the vegetative organs, the transcripts of these genes are found most abundant in the roots followed by the leaf and stem; whereas, in reproductive tissues, the gene expression of this family is observed high in the embryo and lemma. From chromosomal localization, it appears that repetition and tandem-duplication may contribute to the evolution of new genes in the rice genome. In this study, interspecies comparisons between rice and wheat reveal 34 rice loci and unveil the extent of collinearity between the two genomes. It was subsequently ascertained that chromosome-9 has more orthologous loci for CRT/DRE genes whereas chromosome-2 exhibits orthologs for ERF subfamily members. Maximum conserved synteny is found in chromosome-3 for AP2 double domain subfamily genes. Macrosynteny between rice and Arabidopsis, a distant, related genome, uncovered 11 homologs/orthologs loci in both genomes. The distribution of AP2/ERF family gene paralogs in Arabidopsis was most frequent in chromosome-1 followed by chromosome-5. In Arabidopsis, ERF subfamily gene orthologs are found on chromosome-1, chromosome-3, and chromosome-5, whereas DRE subfamily genes are found on chromosome-2 and chromosome-5. Orthologs for RAV and AP2 with double domains in Arabidopsis are located on chromosome-1 and chromosome-3, respectively. In conclusion, the data generated in this survey will be useful for conducting genomic research to determine the precise role of the AP2/ERF gene during stress responses with the ultimate goal of improving crops.
Small-Dose Ketamine Reduces the Pain of Propofol Injection (2006)

Administration of ketamine 100 microg/kg immediately before propofol injection provided the optimal dose and timing to reduce propofol-induced pain on injection.
General conditions for self-cancellation of geometric aberrations in a lattice structure (2005)

In this paper we will discuss the general conditions for self-cancellation of geometric aberrations in an uncoupled or even coupled lattice structure. The self-cancellation conditions show that $\ensuremath{-}I$ transformer even noninterleaved multipoles is not necessary. We will also give two examples for sextupole case to specify the application.
Oncolytic adenovirus Ad657 for systemic virotherapy against prostate cancer (2018)

These data suggest that Ad657 may have utility as a local or systemic oncolytic virotherapy for prostate cancers. These data also lay the foundation for serotype-switching with oncolytic species C Ads.
The cellular phenotype of AZ703, a novel selective imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (2006)

Because the majority of cancers exhibit direct or indirect deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) function, members of the CDK family are attractive targets for the development of anticancer agents. As part of an ongoing program, novel imidazopyridines were identified and developed as potent and selective CDK inhibitors. Here, we describe data on the in vitro biological activities of one of these compounds, AZ703. The selectivity profile of AZ703 was investigated in kinase assays against a range of CDK enzymes as well as a panel of protein kinases in vitro. IC50s were assessed against different tumor cell lines in vitro. The mechanism of action of AZ703 was determined by observing changes in phosphorylation of CDK substrates and cell cycle effects on tumor and normal cells. In vitro studies revealed that AZ703 is a selective inhibitor of CDK1 and CDK2 and displays a mode of action consistent with the induction of G1-, S-, and G2-M-phase arrest. AZ703 also showed potent antiproliferative activity across a wide range of tumor cell lines in vitro. Moreover, AZ703 induced reversible blockade of normal cells while causing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. We have identified AZ703 as a novel selective imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine CDK inhibitor that shows promising antitumor properties in vitro.
Reducing Risk of Airborne Transmitted Infection in Hospitals by Use of Hospital Curtains (2008)

An in-patient suffering from an airborne infectious disease should be properly isolated in a negative-pressure isolation room to prevent hospital-acquired infection. However, before the infectious status is identified by clinical diagnosis, the patient may be assigned to stay with others in a hospital ward with multiple beds. Under these circumstances, there may be a risk of infection of the neighboring patients. Therefore, reasonable infection control measures should be implemented in multi-bed hospital wards, intensive care units, among others. The use of hospital curtains as physical barriers against transmission of disease is potentially a simple but effective method to reduce the risk of infection. In this investigation, the effectiveness of hospital curtains in prevention against airborne transmission of diseases in hospital rooms was evaluated by numerical modeling analysis. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-statistical hybrid modeling method, which was validated by tracer gas measurements, was employed to determine the transient dispersion of airborne contaminants. It was found that among all the case studies, the use of curtains between two beds could reduce the peak concentration for each individual neighboring patient in a bioaerosol dispersion process. A curtain fully extended to the length of a bed yielded significantly higher protection than a partially extended curtain and the reduction in peak concentration could be as much as 65%.
Trayectorias de vulnerabilidad social. Barcelona, May Day 2005: encuesta sobre jóvenes precarios (2005)

La flexibilidad fragmenta el trabajo y lo vuelve precario, individualiza la relación salarial, desestructura el conjunto de certezas (en la forma de recursos, tutelas y derechos) que antes garantizaban la inclusión social del ciudadano-trabajador. Aunque el trabajo siga jugando un papel fundamental en la existencia de cada uno, sin embargo la alteración de sus caracteres tradicionales está frustrando y debilitando la existencia misma de muchas personas. La amplia distribución del fenómeno en las sociedades europeas nos convence que la precariedad laboral ya forma parte integrante de las más recientes dinámicas de modernización. La vulnerabilidad, derivada de condiciones precarias de trabajo, expone a sectores crecientes de la población activa europea a riesgos de empobrecimiento, injusticia, exclusión y discriminación social y laboral. Los testimonios de muchos jóvenes trabajadores precarios de Barcelona avalan estos argumentos con sus historiales, opiniones y perplejidades. El presente trabajo de encuesta constituye el primer paso de una investigación más sistemática sobre el tema. Dentro la metrópoli (donde se difunde la ambivalente naturaleza precaria y flexible del nuevo trabajo), se han ido buscando aquellas trayectorias precarias resultantes de la vulnerabilidad social con la cual estos mismos personajes conviven cotidianamente.