gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes- 3-Amino-4-phenylpyrazole as an Intermediate (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- 3-Amino-4-phenylpyrazole as an IntermediateWilliam Parham and Iive AldreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 7, 1259–1260Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online17 March 2003Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01077a621https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01077a621research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Single Channel Station Carrier System for Permanent Service Applications (1974)

The 84A station carrier system was designed to have cost and performance parameters competitive with paired cable for a majority of new subscriber loops. The system design incorporates a number of unique features, not provided by previous single channel systems, which are necessary for permanent service applications. These include: bridged ringing with ring-trip during ringing, central office power for the station terminal with disconnect during off-hook, dialing, or ringing on the physical channel, and transmission suppression of ringing signals below a set threshold. This paper describes the system and discusses the electrical design and the packaging concepts. Typical performance characteristics are listed.
Protein-hydrocarbon interactions. Interactions of various proteins with decane in the presence of alcohols (1970)

1. Solutions of proteins were subjected to gentle agitation in the presence of small quantities of decane containing different alcohols. 2. Some of the protein was lost from solution and adsorbed on the surface of the emulsion formed; at the same time some decane was bound to the protein remaining in solution. 3. Comparison of these results with those obtained with pure decane suggests that a mixed film of protein+alcohol is formed on the surface of the emulsion. 4. If the concentration of alcohol in decane is increased the amount of protein adsorbed on the emulsion is decreased. This phenomenon was used to compare the effect of different alcohols in disrupting the hydrophobic interactions between proteins and hydrocarbons.
Synthetic studies toward rapamycin: a solution to a problem in chirality merger through use of the Ireland reaction (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies toward rapamycin: a solution to a problem in chirality merger through use of the Ireland reactionMatthew J. Fisher, Cheryl D. Myers, Jesus Joglar, Shu Hui Chen, and Samuel J. DanishefskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 20, 5826–5834Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00020a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Increased Multimeric Mitochondrial DNA in the Brain of Scrapie-Infected Hamsters (1991)

We observed a marked increase in multimeric mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in brains of scrapie-infected hamsters compared with those of uninfected hamsters. Homogenized brain tissue was subjected to subcellular fractionation to isolate scrapie-associated fibrils and tubulofilamentous structures. Nucleic acids were extracted from the scrapie-associated fibril/tubulofilament fraction which also contained mitochondria. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a band corresponding to the size of circular hamster mtDNA in both infected and uninfected samples, but slower migrating bands were observed only in samples from scrapie-infected brain. We showed by molecular cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and Southern blotting that the slower migrating bands are mtDNA. These findings confirm the recent demonstration by differential hybridization that multimeric mtDNA occurs in hamster scrapie brain. Elevated levels of multimeric circular mtDNA have been reported previously in various tumors and cultured cell lines.
Ferroelectrics in optical memories and displays: A critical appraisal (1972)

Ferroelectric materials can exhibit large electrooptic effects which can be made the bases of practical memory and display devices. Some of these are reviewed, with emphasis on those techniques which exploit optical sensing of polarization switching in matrix-addressed arrays or ferroelectric-photoconductor sandwich structures. Because of competition from other technologies, ferroelectrics are expected to be most successful in those applications which can take advantage of the unique combination of nonvolatility and large optical effect, but which do not require long-term stability against disturb signals. Examples of such applications are use of a ferroelectric shutter array as a page composer in a holographic memory, and use of a ferroelectric-photoconductor sandwich structure as a light valve in a slowscan graphics display.
A Computer‐based Program for the Follow‐up of Prostatic Cancer Patients (1988)

A computer-based record program for the follow-up of prostatic cancer patients is described and its practical applications discussed. The system enables the user to record personal data, medical history follow-up (including laboratory and imaging tests), treatment and the response to it. The program can generate reports as a summary letter to the referring physician, follow-up notes on a specific date, laboratory test results on a chronological base, etc. It has the capability to analyse statistically the medical database accumulated with the aid of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The program, which is designed for a micro-computer, is conducted on the IBM Personal Computer. By providing instant access to all comprehensive information, the system is a valuable tool for the correct staging of disease and for systematic follow-up; most of all, it is a "real-time instrument" for the analysis of medical results.
Photosensitizing Properties of Compounds Related to Benzophenone (2013)

Benzophenone is a phototoxic compound with absorption maxima in the ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) range. Many benzophenone derivatives are known to be photosensitizing. On the other hand, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is used as a photoprotective agent. The aim of the present study was to analyse a range of benzophenone derivatives and thus examine the effects of molecular changes in the benzophenone molecule on phototoxic behaviour. Phototoxicity was tested by an in vitro photohaemolysis test. The tested compounds were benzophenone itself and the derivatives 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-aminobenzophenone, 2-benzoylbenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzophenone, and 4-hydroxybenzo-phenone, as well as the structurally similar compounds 9-fluorenone, 9-fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid, cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and 1,4-naphtho-quinone. It was shown that minor changes in molecular structure can result in highly different phototoxic characteristics.
Microwave Absorbers Prepared with Alnico Magnets (2005)

We suggest a cast Alnico magnet as a new microwave absorber. The proposed Alnico microwave absorber shows advanced microwave absorption properties of 24 dB at 13.3 GHz for the thicknesses of 1 mm We also investigated the effects of the carbon, which qjfects strongly to microwave absorption in Alnico magnet microwave absorbers. Central frequency shifts toward lower frequency with increasing Alnico content which is related to the frequency to show tan 8 > 1. Also, we investigated the sample thickness dependence on the microwave absorption properties.
DNA amplification methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of avian mycoplasmosis (1998)

This review describes some applications of DNA amplification methods for diagnosis or epidemiological investigations of avian mycoplasmosis. Tests for direct detection of pathogenic mycoplasmas have been developed. Moreover, most avian mycoplasma species can be differentiated, according to their unique restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns generated after digestion of PCR products with different restriction enzymes. In order to characterize isolates below the species level, PCR-based subtyping methods have been introduced. One of them, arbitrarily primed-PCR, results in strain-specific arrays of DNA fragments that can distinguish even closely related strains of a given species. This method was successfully used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of vaccine strains and of Mycoplasma gallisepticum conjunctivitis in songbirds. Major issues in the development of DNA-amplification tests concern the selection of the appropriate target, specimen collection, DNA preparation and detection of amplification reaction inhibitors. Careful consideration to the design and work flow of the facility are necessary to avoid false-positive results.
Negative Selection by Spiral Inertial Microfluidics Improves Viral Recovery and Sequencing from Blood (2018)

In blood samples from patients with viral infection, it is often important to separate viral particles from human cells, for example, to minimize background in performing viral whole genome sequencing. Here, we present a microfluidic device that uses spiral inertial microfluidics with continuous circulation to separate host cells from viral particles and free nucleic acid. We demonstrate that this device effectively reduces white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets from both whole blood and plasma samples with excellent recovery of viral nucleic acid. Furthermore, microfluidic separation leads to greater viral genome coverage and depth, highlighting an important application of this device in processing clinical samples for viral genome sequencing.
Enamel Dissolution: I. Effects of Various Agents and Titanium Tetrafluoride (1972)

By comparing phosphorus loss from enamel windows during successive exposures in acetic acid buffer, measurements were made of the effects of a number of uncommon fluoride and nonfluoride compounds on enamel dissolution. Acidulated ytterbium chloride and the tetrafluorides of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium gave much more lasting protection against the action of acid than did the fluorides commonly used for caries prophylaxis.
Knowledge-based biomedical word sense disambiguation: comparison of approaches (2010)

We have found that the last approach achieves better results compared to the other methods. The graph-based approach, using the structure of the Metathesaurus network to estimate the relevance of the Metathesaurus concepts, does not perform well compared to the first two methods. In addition, the combination of methods improves the performance over the individual approaches. On the other hand, the performance is still below statistical learning trained on manually produced data and below the maximum frequency sense baseline. Finally, we propose several directions to improve the existing methods and to improve the Metathesaurus to be more effective in WSD.
Structure and Behaviour: Extending Duverger's Law to the Japanese Case (1990)

Japan uses simple plurality elections with multi-member districts to elect its lower house. This system tends to produce competition among n + 1 candidates per district. This ‘law of simple plurality elections’ is a structural generalization akin to Duverger's Law. Evidence from Japan also indicates that the causal mechanism behind this ‘law’ is not strategic voting, although strategic voting occurs, but elite coalition building. It is further argued that the connection between structure and behaviour is learning and not rationality. Equilibria are reached slowly through trial and error processes. Once reached, the equilibrium is unstable because parties and candidates try to change it. Even without rational actors and stable equilibria, however, this structural generalization accurately describes the dynamics of electoral competition at the district level in Japan.
Discovering Video Structure Using the Pseudo-Semantic Trace (2001)

In this paper we describe a framework of analyzing programs belonging to di#erent TV program genres using Hidden Markov Models and pseudo-semantic features derived from video shots. Clustering using Gaussian mixture models is used to determine the order of the models. Results for initial genre classification experiments using two simple features derived from video shots are given. Keywords: video database, hidden markov model, pseudo-semantic feature 1. INTRODUCTION With the proliferation of video material, it has become important to be able to automatically analyze and index video data and retrieve its relevant parts. Consequently, there has been a great interest in designing and building systems that organize and search video data based on its content. 1 It is evident that, for an information source as rich as video, e#cient indexing and retrieval require some form of automatic analysis of semantic content. Since the smallest meaningful unit of video is the shot, this may be ach...
The feeding behaviour of<i>Simulium</i>larvae, and the development, testing and monitoring of the use of larvicides, with special reference to the control of<i>Simulium damnosum</i>Theobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae): a review (1985)

Abstract The control of Simulium has always relied largely on the use of insecticides against the larvae, and this is the case in the current large-scale Onchocerciasis Control Programme against the vector S. damnosum Theobald in West Africa. Resistance to temephos has occurred in some vector species, and it is necessary to find alternatives to this preferred larvicide. In order to provide a frame of reference for the development of new larvicides or formulations, the literature relating to larval filter-feeding behaviour is first reviewed in detail. Then the physico-chemical conditions in larval habitats are outlined. The types of formulations and classes of insecticide used in Simulium control are considered, with particular attention being given to emulsifiable concentrate formulations and the reasons for their effectiveness. Particulate formulations, which have been recommended on environmental grounds, are also discussed. Techniques used in the screening of larvicides are considered, and it is concluded that flow-through systems are necessary; mini-gutter tests conducted using water and fauna from rivers to be treated are to be strongly preferred, followed by stream trials. Knowledge of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Simulium larvicide is reviewed in detail. The environmental impact of control of Simulium larvae, both in the tropics and the temperate zone, is extensively reviewed. Throughout, key features which might lead to improved larvicide formulations and testing procedures, together with serious gaps in our knowledge are emphasized.
Numerical Simulation and Fracture Test of Structural Steel Notched Tubes Based on Generalized Strength Model (2010)

Fracture tests were performed on 10 structural steel tubes with circular hole. Test results indicate that crack initiate at the edge of the hole and propagate perpendicularly to loading direction. The initial crack come into being earlier with the magnification of the radius of the hole. Tubes with two holes behave more ductile than those with one hole. The numerical procedure implemented the generalized hydrostatic yield model through the parametric design language (APDL) together with the User Programmable Features (UPFs) available in the general-purpose finite element package ANSYS. Numerical simulation results verify the precision of the generalized yield model and the validity of the subroutine. Numerical analysis results of the structural steel tubes with hole show that metal ellipsoidal fracture model could successfully predict the first crack of the steel tubes with circular holes.
A Stable Starch Substrate for the Determination of Amylase in Serum and Other Body Fluids (1959)

Journal Article A Stable Starch Substrate for the Determination of Amylase in Serum and Other Body Fluids Get access Wendell T. Caraway, Ph.D. Wendell T. Caraway, Ph.D. 1The McLaren General Hospital, St. Joseph Hospital, and the Flint Medical Laboratory, Flint, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 32, Issue 1_ts, July 1959, Pages 97–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/32.1_ts.97 Published: 01 July 1959 Article history Received: 18 December 1958 Accepted: 11 March 1959 Published: 01 July 1959
ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE PAUTAS DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE LABORATORIO DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS EN VENEZUELA (2005)

"La enfermedad de Chagas ha sido tema de interés en Venezuela desde principios del siglo XX, muchos investigadores han dirigido sus esfuerzos para desarrollar estudios en diversas áreas que han contribuido a la prevención y control. Los estudios seroepidemiologicos iniciados en la década de los años 60 han utilizado técnicas de diagnóstico de laboratorio en las cuales se ha tomado en cuenta su validez en términos de especificidad y sensibilidad. No obstante, para la confirmación de casos la OMS recomienda a los laboratorios la aplicación de al menos tres pruebas serologícas diferentes que hayan sido estandarizadas y validadas, considerando como positivos aquellos sueros en los que se han detectado anticuerpos en al menos dos de tres pruebas aplicadas. De allí surge la necesidad de establecer control de calidad de cada prueba para unificar criterios de estandarización y validez de resultados. En tal sentido, se realizó un estudio de validez y confiabilidad de resultados serológicos obtenidos en nueve laboratorios, utilizando paneles de sueros positivos y negativos para infección por T. cruzi con diferentes pruebas diagnósticas. Los resultados indican excelente confiabilidad entre las pruebas con un Kappa > 0,92 pero se recomienda en nuevos estudios incorporar aspectos relacionados con aleatorización, enmascaramiento y obtención de muestras en condiciones similares a la práctica clínica y estudios epidemiológicos de campo."
Efficient Frequency-Domain Simulation of Massive Clock Meshes Using Parallel Harmonic Balance (2007)

High performance IC designs impose stringent design specifications on clock distribution networks, where clock skews must be well controlled even under the presence of environmental and process variations. As a result, clock meshes are gaining increasing popularity due to their inherent low skew and immunity to variations. While clock meshes are often analyzed in time-domain for the purpose of verification as well as tuning, the massive couplings within the passive mesh structure and in between a large number of clock drivers are challenging to handle. In contrast, frequency-domain steady-state simulation techniques such as harmonic balance (HB) are specifically advantageous since the massive passive mesh structure can be rather compactly represented using matrix transfer function matrices at a discrete set of harmonic frequencies. The remaining challenge, however, is to develop harmonic balance techniques that can efficiently simulate highly nonlinear steady-steady problems corresponding to a large number of tightly coupled clock drivers. In this paper, we present a hierarchically preconditioned algorithm that is particularly suitable to clock mesh analysis. Moreover, we show that the parallelizable nature of our algorithm allows further runtime improvement of large clock mesh analysis via parallel processing.
A study of the effect of anatomical site on sun protection factor efficiency using a novel UV delivery device (1995)

The design and performance of an instrument used to determine sun protection factor (SPF) efficiency anywhere on the body are discussed. The instrument, MICRO-SPF, delivered ultraviolet light (UV) to much smaller skin surface areas (∼1.5 mm diameter) than those (≥10 mm diameter) irradiated by conventional UV delivery systems (i.e., stand-alone solar UV simulators). The MICRO-SPF is a microprocessor-controlled fiber optic delivery system that can be optically interfaced to most solar UV simulator housings. Electromechanical shutters were microprocessor-controlled synchronously to allow all five elements of a geometric dose series to be administered simultaneously. SPF efficiency produced using the MICRO-SPF was compared with SPF efficiency produced using a conventional solar UV simulator. No statistically significant difference was observed between SPFs produced using the MICRO-SPF and SPFs produced using the conventional solar UV simulator for an estimated SPF 4 product and an estimated SPF 15 product. The effect of anatomical site on UV exposure time for minimal perceptible erythema (MPE) and on SPF efficiency was examined using the MICRO-SPF on the cheek, back, volar forearm, and outer calf. Exposure time for MPE for each anatomical site was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) from all other anatomical sites; average exposure times for MPE were 29.4 sec for back, 33.8 sec for face, 47.8 sec for volar forearm, and 61.8 sec for outer calf. Despite differences in natural photoprotection found for anatomical sites studied, no statistically significant difference was observed for comparison of SPF efficiency between anatomical sites. These results provide evidence that although significant physiological differences exist in skin as a function of anatomical site, sunscreen film formation and, therefore, sunscreen efficiency for the products tested may be unaffected by these differences
Early history of the high-fidelity finite-impulse-response filter (1986)

The little-known efforts of some 19th-century digital filter designers are reviewed. Their object was to separate a precise curve from added random noise, and as such their work is relevant to certain current applications such as inertial navigation. Several classical design methods are described, and examples are given. The work of G.F. Hardy is of particular significance, as it introduces a method which can be extended to the point that, with the aid of a computer, it is capable of designing modern high-fidelity filters.