gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing Insulin Resistance : An Overview (2004)

Insulin resistance, the condition in which there is a decreased response of target tissues to insulin is a significant predisposing factor to various metabolic abnormalities like type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is also the common unifying mechanism in the constellation â€œInsulin resistance syndromeâ€ or the metabolic syndrome whose prevalence is rising to alarming proportions. As diabetes and related disorders account for a high percentage of health cost incurred by the society, early detection of individuals at risk and appropriate intervention helps in preventing the onset of these disorders thus reducing the burden on the society. Despite a widespread awareness among clinicians about metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, there is lack of awareness about its measurement. Hence this article discusses various methods to diagnose and quantify insulin resistance. The choice of technique to measure insulin sensitivity depend on the study objective, sample size and experimental limitation. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique still remains the â€˜gold standardâ€™ in measuring insulin sensitivity, as it is the most accurate index. However the cost, complexity and the required involved restricts it to highly specific metabolic studies. The â€˜minimal modelsâ€™ where a computer programme is used to derive insulin sensitivity from values obtained form in travenous glucose tolerance test correlates well with the clamp technique and is used much more frequently. A number of indices have been formulated form OGTT for estimating insulin sensitivity depending on the sampling intervals and has shown to have varying correlation with the clamp values. Values from OGTT also represent a true physiological state, as there is no intravenous infusion. As fasting insulin based indices such as HOMA IR and QUICKI are simple and relatively inexpensive, these are used in large-scale epidemiological studies where the end point is not necessarily insulin resistance. Himsworth in 1930s reported for the first time, a state in which there is a decreased response of target tissues to insulin. Insulin 'insensitivity' since then has been one of the most extensively investigated areas in medicine and continues to generate a great deal of research interest among clinicians and scientists around the world.
Effect of Grape Seed Tannins on the Activity ofSome Rat Intestinal Enzyme Activities (1994)

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of grape seed tannins on rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP), sucrase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activities. An experiment was performed in vivo by dietary supplementation with 2% tannins; this diet was tested on an experimental group of rats; a control group received a diet without tannins. After 31 days, tannins intake significantly decreased middle-jejunal AP from 123 to 45 mU/mg protein and sucrase activities from 310 to 195 mU/mg protein, while no significant difference appeared at the duodenal stage (p < 0.05). Ileal DPP IV activity was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from 190 to 110 mU/mg protein after tannin intake. Using in vitro experiments on purified brush border membranes, AP activity was found to be inhibited by grape tannins; this inhibition was prevented by the detergent Triton X-100. The addition of pancreatic-biliary (PB) juice to the incubation medium prevented or reversed the tannin-inhibited enzyme activity. The present data indicate that in the duodenal lumen, alkalinity and detergency from the PB secretion neutralized the ability of tannins to inactivate brush border hydrolase activities and suggest that enzyme inhibition took place once bile salts were reabsorbed while moving down the gut. This was confirmed by in vitro experiments where sucrase and DPP IV activities inhibited by grape seed tannins were largely recovered after the addition of PB juice to the incubation medium.
Codon usage in regulatory genes in<i>Escherichia coli</i>does not reflect selection for ‘rare’ codons (1986)

It has often been suggested that differential usage of codons recognized by rare tRNA species, i.e. "rare codons", represents an evolutionary strategy to modulate gene expression. In particular, regulatory genes are reported to have an extraordinarily high frequency of rare codons. From E. coli we have compiled codon usage data for highly expressed genes, moderately/lowly expressed genes, and regulatory genes. We have identified a clear and general trend in codon usage bias, from the very high bias seen in very highly expressed genes and attributed to selection, to a rather low bias in other genes which seems to be more influenced by mutation than by selection. There is no clear tendency for an increased frequency of rare codons in the regulatory genes, compared to a large group of other moderately/lowly expressed genes with low codon bias. From this, as well as a consideration of evolutionary rates of regulatory genes, and of experimental data on translation rates, we conclude that the pattern of synonymous codon usage in regulatory genes reflects primarily the relaxation of natural selection.
Introduction to Policing (2024)

This groundbreaking new text by Michael Rowe is the first genuinely introductory, comprehensive textbook on policing. Introduction to Policing has been carefully developed to incorporate all the key areas of a policing course, from the history of the police and the legal framework, to current debates around issues such as diversity, surveillance, and the impact of the media. The book highlights the way in which theory applies to practice at every step.
A Cellular Automata Simulation on Multi-lane Traffic Flow for Designing Effective Rules (2015)

To evaluate and analyze the performance of the rule "keep right except to pass", a model of traffic flow on a multi-lane freeway based on cellular automaton (CA) is proposed. Taking lane-changing frequency as the main indicator of traffic safety level, we analyze the impact of different lane changing and deceleration probability on the traffic flow and safety in light and heavy traffic. And then we compare the "keep-right-except-to-pass" rule with the free rule in the two-lane case. The results demonstrate that "keep-right-except-to-pass" rule is not as effective as the free rule in promoting traffic flow, however, this rule ensures better safety for drivers than the free rule. Additionally, a new traffic rule, which sets different posted speed limits for adjacent lanes, is designed to promote a better traffic flow with the safety requirements satisfied.
Through the Looking Glass (2000)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssueArchivesePub Ahead-of-Print Collections Acute/Critical CareContinuing EducationCOVID-19 Disaster and Emergency PreparednessEnvironmental Health and IssuesEthics Evidence-Based Practice, Step by StepFamily CaregiversGeriatric NursingHolistic NursingIn The CommunityInfectious DiseaseInternational TopicsLegal ClinicMental HealthNurse WellbeingNursing Research, Step By StepNursing ResourcesPalliative CarePatient SafetyPolicy and PoliticsProfessional Development, Leadership and ScholarshipProfessional Partners Supporting Diverse Family Caregivers Across SettingsQI: Quality ImprovementResearchSocial Media and Information TechnologySpecial SupplementsStrip SavvySupporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home AloneSystematic Reviews Step by StepTeaching For PracticeTransforming Care at the Bedside (TCAB)Uniforms (Nursing)Uniting States, Sharing StrategiesWomen's HealthWriting Resources Videos Videos WebinarsFor Authors Call for ManuscriptsSubmit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAdvertising and BusinessAward WinnersBook of the Year AwardsContact InfoEditorial BoardInformation for FacultyInformation for MediaInformation for Peer ReviewersLetters to the EditorNurse Faculty Scholars / AJN Mentored Writing AwardOpen AccessReprintsRights and PermissionsSubscription ServicesNurses: Submit Your Photos! All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Normal growth and division of Escherichia coli with a reduced amount of murein (1989)

The classical model of a murein monolayer for the structure of the murein sacculus of Escherichia coli is at present a controversial matter due to recent advances in the microscopic and biochemical knowledge of this cellular component (B. Glauner, J.-V. Höltje, and U. Schwarz, J. Biol. Chem. 263:10088-10095, 1988; M. Leduc, C. Frehel, E. Siegel, and J. van Heijenoort, manuscript in preparation). We have studied how the limitation in the supply of the murein-specific precursor meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) would affect cell growth and morphology as well as murein structure and content per unit of surface area in E. coli strains auxotrophic for DAP. Our observations indicated that the amount of murein per unit of cell surface area could be reduced by about 50% when the external concentration of DAP was equal to or lower than 0.5 microgram/ml. Cells with a reduced amount of murein did not show any detectable alteration in their morphology and characteristics of growth. Furthermore, no major alterations in murein structure were observed by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. However, the modification of murein that normally takes place at the initiation of the stationary phase was partially prevented. These results favor the alternative hypothesis of a thin, multilayered structure for the sacculus of E. coli rather than the monolayer model.
Conversion of food industrial wastes into bioplastics with municipal activated sludge (1999)

Abstract Plastics have become an integral part of our contemporary life because of many desirable properties including durability and resistance to degradation. However, these non‐degradable, petrochemicals‐derived plastics accumulate in the environment at a rate of 25 million tons per year. Recently there is an interest in the development of a class of microbially produced bioplastics, e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) which retain the desired physical and chemical properties of conventional synthetic plastics. Broader usage of biodegradable plastics in packaging and disposable products as a solution to the environmental problem would heavily depend on further reduction of costs and the discovery of novel biodegradable plastics with improved properties. In this paper, the microbial production of PHAs by activated sludge utilizing food industrial wastes is reported. The melting points of the products as well as the co‐polymer composition of the products investigated by GC and NMR were compared. By use of activated sludge to convert the carbon source into PHAs not only environment‐friendly bioplastics are produce, but also part of the problem of the disposal of municipal activated sludge is solved. The selection of food industrial waste as carbon resource can also further reduce the cost of production of PHAs.
A Study on Heat Flow of Laser-Welded Dissimilar Steel Joints with Gap (2007)

Transient absorption spectra and decay profiles of HO2 have been measured using cw near-IR two-tone frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy at 297 K and 50 Torr in diluent of N2 in the presence of water. From the depletion of the HO2 absorption peak area following the addition of water, the equilibrium constant of the reaction HO2 + H2O <--> HO2-H2O was determined to be K2 = (5.2 +/- 3.2) x 10(-19) cm3 molecule(-1) at 297 K. Substituting K2 into the water dependence of the HO2 decay rate, the rate coefficient of the reaction HO2 + HO2-H2O was estimated to be (1.5 +/- 0.1) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at 297 K and 50 Torr with N2 as the diluent. This reaction is much faster than the HO2 self-reaction without water. It is suggested that the apparent rate of the HO2 self-reaction is enhanced by the formation of the HO2-H2O complex and its subsequent reaction. Results are discussed with respect to the kinetics and atmospheric chemistry of the HO2-H2O complex. At 297 K and 50% humidity, the concentration ratio of [HO2-H2O]/[HO2] was estimated from the value of K2 to be 0.19 +/- 0.11.
Quadruplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Identification of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 and O139 Strains and Determination of Their Toxigenic Potential (2009)

Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic environment. However, its toxigenic strains can cause potentially life-threatening diarrhea. A quadruplex real-time PCR assay targeting four genes, the cholera toxin gene (ctxA), the hemolysin gene (hlyA), O1-specific rfb, and O139-specific rfb, was developed for detection and differentiation of O1, O139, and non-O1, non-O139 strains and for prediction of their toxigenic potential. The specificity of the assay was 100% when tested against 70 strains of V. cholerae and 31 strains of non-V. cholerae organisms. The analytical sensitivity for detection of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 was 2 CFU per reaction with cells from pure culture. When the assay was tested with inoculated water from bullfrog feeding ponds, 10 CFU/ml could reliably be detected after culture for 3 h. The assay was more sensitive than the immunochromatographic assay and culture method when tested against 89 bullfrog samples and 68 water samples from bullfrog feeding ponds. The applicability of this assay was confirmed in a case study involving 15 bullfrog samples, from which two mixtures of nontoxigenic O1 and toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 strains were detected and differentiated. These data indicate that the quadruplex real-time PCR assay can both rapidly and accurately detect/identify V. cholerae and reliably predict the toxigenic potential of strains detected.
Synthesis and Antiviral Properties of New Cycloalkanol Derivatives of Guanine (1992)

Abstract New conformationaly constrained cycloalkanol derivatives of guanine have been prepared as potential anti-herpetic agents. None of these compounds was found to inhibit HSV or CMV replication in cell culture but some of them show some antagonism or synergism towards acyclovir protecting effect.
Speckled computing: disruptive technology for networked information appliances (2005)

Speckled Computing is an emerging technology in which data will be sensed in minute (ultimately around one cubic millimetre) semiconductor grains called Specks. Information will be extracted, exchanged and processed in a collaborative fashion in a wireless network of thousands of Specks, called a Specknet. The impact of Speckled Computing on consumer electronics, especially future information appliances, will be disruptive. Objects and the surrounding environment when treated with Specks, or “Speckled”, will be endowed with sensing, processing and wireless networking capabilities. This would effectively “smarten” everyday objects and surroundings post hoc, transforming them into networked information appliances. This paper introduces the concepts of Specks, Specknets and Speckled Computing, and outlines the challenges to be overcome to realise this technology. A prototype for Specks called ProSpeckz (Programmable Specks over Zigbee Radio) which is currently used as a rapid development platform for Speckled Computing is described. ProSpeckz is also intended as an enabler for integrating the technology of Speckled Computing into consumer electronics applications and some illustrative examples are described in this paper. Index Terms — Networked Information Appliances, Smart Home applications and protocols, Speckled Computing, Wireless computational networks
Other Research -- Information Technology for Protected Individuals: A Survey of Current Status (2002)

Information technology has greatly impacted the life of everyone in recent years. It is therefore important to be aware of current technology and know how it can improve functional participation in today's society that is better known as the "Information" Society. The purpose is to foster equality in using technology for everyone, able or disabled. Everyone should have equal access to technology and the presence of a disability should not preclude one from this benefit. The purpose of this article is to summarize important developments in computer technology for individuals experiencing disability and to provide a brief explanation of how they can be utilized to promote participation in society.
An agent-based approach to reconfiguration of real-time distributed control systems (2002)

We describe a general approach for dynamic and intelligent reconfiguration of real-time distributed control systems that utilizes the IEC 61499 function block model. This work is central to the development of distributed intelligent control systems that are inherently adaptable and dynamically reconfigurable. The approach that is used takes advantage of distributed artificial intelligence at the planning and control levels to achieve significantly shorter up-front commissioning times as well as significantly more responsiveness to change. This approach is based on object-oriented and agent-based methods, and aims at overcoming the difficulties associated with managing real-time reconfiguration of an intelligent manufacturing system.
Genome-wide Association Studies in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review (2013)

Over the past decade, research aiming to disentangle the genetic underpinnings of late-onset Alzheimer's disease has mostly focused on the identification of common variants through genome-wide association studies. The identification of several new susceptibility genes through these efforts has reinforced the importance of amyloid precursor protein and tau metabolism in the cause of the disease and has implicated immune response, inflammation, lipid metabolism, endocytosis/intracellular trafficking, and cell migration in the cause of the disease. Ongoing and future large-scale genome-wide association studies, translational studies, and next-generation whole genome or whole exome sequencing efforts, hold the promise to map the specific causative variants in these genes, to identify several additional risk variants, including rare and structural variants, and to identify novel targets for genetic testing, prevention, and treatment.
First-principles study of preferential sites of hydrogen incorporated in epitaxial graphene on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mtext>-SiC</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0001</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2010)

The hydrogen (H) incorporation in the epitaxial graphene buffer layer on $6H\text{-SiC}(0001)$ with various H coverages is investigated using the density-functional method. The most stable site for a single H atom is on top of a threefold C atom in the graphene buffer layer, whereas the incorporation into the interfacial layer is less favored. However, when the H concentration is above $7.15\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, the H atoms are more stable in the interfacial layer. This is because the H passivation of the SiC surface expands the spatial gap between the buffer layer and the substrate. This eventually results in the complete delamination of the graphene buffer layer from the SiC substrate at high H densities. The band structure indicates that the detached buffer layer is electronically close to the free-standing graphene layer. The present results suggest that the exfoliation of the buffer layer could be realized by injecting atomic hydrogen.
Time domain approach to wideband source location (2002)

Consideration is given to the multiple source location problem, using a linear array of equispaced sensors. The method works in the time domain, and uses as a starting point the matrix covariance sequence of the vector of sensor outputs. The spectra of the source signals are assumed to be unknown and rational, but the approach can be easily extended to spectra that are flat in a fixed and known frequency band. The procedure is based on the block Hankel matrix built on the estimated matrix covariance sequence. The properties of this matrix are investigated, and it is shown that its rank is deficient. As for the spectral density matrix in the narrowband case, one can thus define a signal subspace. The identification of the vectors that generate this subspace and the location of the sources by the maxima of the projections of these vectors on the signal subspace then remain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Laboratory Continuous Distillation Column for Concentration of Aqueous Solutions of Volatile Flavors. (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Laboratory Continuous Distillation Column for Concentration of Aqueous Solutions of Volatile Flavors.K. P. Dimick and Marion J. SimoneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 10, 2487–2490Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50514a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50514a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Model Heart (2015)

This article discusses the advantages of using a realistic simulation model of the heart. A model might help cardiologists predict how a heart condition would progress. It could provide new ways to design and approve cardiovascular devices, which rarely undergo large-scale human testing before commercialization. Surgeons could use the model to test new procedures or plan the best intervention for patients. Researchers could use it to develop better ways to image constantly beating hearts. For example, Dassault's Living Heart model is a larger-than-life three-dimensional representation that enables surgeons, researchers, and engineers to look at the human heart in different ways. The finite element mesh of the first Living Heart model contains 200,000 tetrahedral Elements connected at 50,000 finite element nodes. The Living Heart model is already suitable for testing pacemaker leads, since it needs to model only mechanical stress during motion. Projecting the progression of heart disease will require a more sophisticated model that incorporates the behavior of the underlying heart tissue.
An Undergraduate Program in Nuclear Technology as Related to the Life Sciences (1959)

An Undergraduate Program in Nuclear Technology as Related to the Life Sciences Get access Elmer Nussbaum Elmer Nussbaum Taylor University, Upland, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AIBS Bulletin, Volume 9, Issue 3, June 1959, Page 20, https://doi.org/10.2307/1292891 Published: 01 June 1959