gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Velocity estimation of the main portal vein with Transverse Oscillation (2015)

This study evaluates if Transverse Oscillation (TO) can provide reliable and accurate peak velocity estimates of blood flow the main portal vein. TO was evaluated against the recommended and most widely used technique for portal flow estimation, Spectral Doppler Ultrasound (SDU). The main portal vein delivers blood from the bowls to the liver, and patients with certain liver diseases have decreased flow in the portal vein. Errors in velocity estimation with SDU are well described, when the beam-to-flow angle is >70 degrees. TO estimates the flow angle independently and is not limited by the beam-to-flow angle. It is less operators depended, as no angle correction is necessary. TO measurements were performed with a 3 MHz convex probe (BK medical 8820e, Herlev, Denmark) connected to the experimental ultrasound scanner SARUS (Synthetic Aperture Real-time Ultrasound Scanner). SDU velocity measurements were performed with a commercial ultrasound scanner (BK 3000, BK Ultrasound, Herlev Denmark) and a convex probe (BK ultrasound 6C2, Herlev, Denmark). Ten healthy volunteers were scanned, and recordings of the portal flow during 3-5 heartbeats were conducted with an intercostal and subcostal view. Intercostal TO peak velocities were not significantly different from SDU peak velocities (TO=0.203m/s, SDU=0.202m/s, p=0.94). Subcostal and Intercostal obtained TO values were not significantly different (intercostal mean TO=0.203m/s, subcostal mean TO=0.180m/s, p=0.26). SDU values obtained intercostal and subcostal were significantly different (intercostal mean SDU=0.202m/s, subcostal mean SDU=0.320m/s, p<;0.001). Standard deviation for TO beam-to-flow angle was 10.3°-91.5°, indicating a large beam-to-flow angle variability in the portal vein. This can affect the peak velocity estimation, and is not addressed in SDU. The TO convex array implementation provides the first vector velocity measurements below 60mm (mean 89mm), and is a useful alternative for flow estimation in abdominal ultrasound. It may provide new information of abdominal fluid dynamics and yield both velocity and angle estimates for a more realistic flow characterization.
Chemistry and biological activity of antitumour taxoids (2000)

Semi-synthetic approaches to paclitaxel, docetaxel and their derivatives were discussed. Their structure-activity relationship was also explained.
Symmetrical 1,3-Bis-(alkane- and arylsulfonyl)-ureas (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSymmetrical 1,3-Bis-(alkane- and arylsulfonyl)-ureasLamar Field and Frederick A. GrunwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4, 934–937Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01100a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01100a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monitoring of biological activity of plant using difference-image of biospeckle (2003)

In relation to the monitoring the influence of the environmental pollution on the plant, we proposed a difference-image method and performed some preliminary experiments to observe the biological activities of the botanical objects based on the dynamic properties of laser speckles. Two successive speckle images of the plant obtained with a certain delay time are subtracted to show the difference in the two patterns due to the biological activity. In the experiments, validity of the proposed method was examined for the plants under the influence of the artificial acid rain and the ozone exposure. As experimental results, some characteristic changes were observed in the speckle difference images due to the damages, while it was very hard to recognize those changes by the human eye.
High speed fabrication of periodical nanostructures by fs-laser direct writing on surfaces and in the volume of transparent materials (2009)

Using fs-laser direct writing periodical surface nanostructures are fabricated on the surface of dielectric materials. By using high repetition rate fs-laser radiation with a wavelength of 1045 nm periodical nanostructures with periods of 200-350 nm are obtained on dielectrics. In this paper the pump-probe technique is used for time-resolved investigations of the spectral reflectivity and transmittivity during and up to 1 ns after the fs-laser pulse. From this measurements the transient electron density in the conduction band and the transient dielectric function are calculated and used to extend the classical ripples theory with the transiently modified dielectric function. The periods of the surface nanostructures are compared to the calculations and discussed.
W. E. Heyningen and John R. Seal, Cholera. The American scientific experience 1947–80, Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press, 1983, 8vo, pp. xvi, 343, illus., £24.00 (UK suppliers: Bowker Publishing Co., Epping, Essex). (1985)

W. E. Heyningen and John R. Seal, Cholera. The American scientific experience 1947–80, Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press, 1983, 8vo, pp. xvi, 343, illus., £24.00 (UK suppliers: Bowker Publishing Co., Epping, Essex). - Volume 29 Issue 1
Auger and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies of AlN and (AlN)<i>x</i>(Al2O3)1−<i>x</i> thin films (1992)

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Auger analysis and Auger line shape measurements were used to study composition and bonding in thin films of varying Al:N:O ratios grown by reactive magnetron sputter deposition. The films deposited in the presence of oxygen in addition to nitrogen or ammonia in the plasma are apparently composed of both AlN and Al2O3. There is no evidence for other bonding configurations. In accordance, the observed ionicity of the Al–N and Al–O bonds is the same as in the respective single-phase films. The AlN and Al2O3 phases are clearly distinguished by their Al(LVV) signals, but not by the respective Al(KLL) transitions. A relative sensitivity factor of Al(KLL) in the AlN thin films at a primary energy of 3 keV was obtained from analyses of both AlN and (AlN)x(Al2O3)1−x. The same sensitivity factors of Al(KLL), N(KLL), and O(KLL) are adequate for analysis of both single- and two-phase films. The EELS in the 4–40 eV range at primary energies of 135 and 185 eV contain unresolved contributions from both AlN and Al2O3. Results are compared to those of Al2O3, thin films of oxidized and nitrided Al, and NO exposed Al(100) surface. Bonding at the latter surface appears to differ from that at the two-phase films. Charging and stability effects in the films are also discussed.
OFDM SAR multiple targets image reconstruction using MUSIC-LSE algorithm (2016)

In Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image reconstruction, the quality of the image depends on the range and cross range resolution to resolve multiple target positions. If the distance between the targets is less than both SAR resolutions, the radar imaged them as one single target. To overcome this challenge, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) SAR has been proposed to improve the image resolution. However the image quality degrades in lower boundary conditions. In this paper, we propose the use of Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm to estimate the signal Direction of Arrival (DoA) and Least Square Estimation (LSE) algorithm to estimate the phase history. The Cross-range Profile Reconstruction (CPR) is reconstructed using the phase history and combined with Range Profile Reconstruction (RPR) to form the image. Simulation results show that the proposed MUSIC-LSE SAR approach gives a higher image resolution compared to the LSE-SAR imaging. The approach also shows that by estimating the signal DoA and then apply LSE, the radar can separate the targets even at distances below the range and cross-range resolution without necessarily increasing the bandwidth.
Effects of sodium fusidate in animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and septic shock. (1995)

We have evaluated the effects of the novel immunosuppressant sodium fusidate (fusidin) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and in D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-presensitized BALB/c mice challenged with the bacterial superantigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) or with the endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The NOD mouse model has clinical and histoimmunological features similar to those of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The SEB- and LPS-treated BALB/c mouse models exhibit pathogenic similarities with human septic shock conditions. In the NOD mouse, fusidin suppressed the spontaneous development of insulitis (mean inhibition 73%) and hyperglycaemia (IDDM incidence 25% versus 0%) when administered at 40 mg/kg five times weekly for 8 consecutive weeks from the fourth week of age; concurrently treated animals exhibited reduced percentages of splenic T lymphocytes. This anti-diabetogenic effect was confirmed in the accelerated model of diabetes induced in the NOD mouse with cyclophosphamide (CY) (IDDM incidence 55% versus 21-6% using dosages of fusidin from 40 to 80 mg/kg five times weekly); protection from IDDM development was achieved even when the drug (80 mg/kg/day) was first administered 7 days after CY challenge. In contrast, fusidin did not reverse hyperglycaemia when administered to CY-treated animals within 3 days of IDDM development. In the two models of septic shock, prophylactic treatment with fusidin, 80 mg/kg given three times for 2 days prior to D-Gal/SEB or D-Gal/LPS challenge, drastically reduced the lethality compared with D-Gal/buffer-treated mice. This effect may depend on the inhibitory action of fusidin on the secretion of cytokines such as interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, the serum levels of which were greatly diminished in the fusidin-treated mice (mean inhibition 50-90%). These results demonstrate that fusidin may have a role in the treatment of cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and cytokine-mediated infectious diseases in humans.
Abstract 17393: Functional Molecular Imaging Characteristics of Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Scar Substrate and successful VT Ablation Sites using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (2014)

Background: Molecular imaging techniques such as 18 FDG PET enables a functional assessment of the anatomic scar substrate and may provide complementary insights in the complex scar substrate of ischemic and non-ischemic patients presenting for ablation of drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia. Method: Out of 68 patients with drug refractory VT undergoing VT ablation 10 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy with pre-procedural FDG PET/perfusion imaging and well-defined successful VT ablation sites were identified. Metabolic FDG-PET maps were normalized to perfusion maps and reconstructed as 757 segment polar plot and compared to co-registered high-resolution voltage map for each patient. Result: A total of 4194 mapping points were analyzed for metabolic activity. Voltage defined scar (<0.5mV; n=1546 mapping points) demonstrated a metabolic activity of 57±42%, which significantly increased to 72±47% in the border zone (0.5-1.5mV; n=1296 mapping points; p1.5mV; n=1352 mapping points) with 88±43% (p<0.001)...
Projective Controls for 2-DOF Quarter-Car Suspension (1991)

Two control schemes for a two-Degree-Of-Freedom quarter-car suspension are studied here. Both schemes use projective controls to approximate a reference state-feedback control law. The first control scheme assumes a reactive suspension-force input generated by nondynamic control components. Since no actuator dynamics are included, the suspension model is 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order. Static projective controls are utilized to yield both passive and active suspension controls, depending on the measurement structure assumed. The second control scheme assumes two reactive force inputs. The first input is generated by (nondynamic) passive components, the second by an actuator which includes its own first-Order dynamics. In this case, the suspension model is 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order, since it includes the actuator dynamics. The separation of passive and active components in this control scheme leads to a decentralized control structure. For the example considered, fist-order dynamic projective controllers are introduced in order to stabilize the system.
Residual stress. Part 1 – Measurement techniques (2001)

Residual stress is that which remains in a body that is stationary and at equilibrium with its surroundings. It can be very detrimental to the performance of a material or the life of a component. Alternatively, beneficial residual stresses can be introduced deliberately. Residual stresses are more difficult to predict than the in-service stresses on which they superimpose. For this reason, it is important to have reliable methods for the measurement of these stresses and to understand the level of information they can provide. In this paper, which is the first part of a two part overview, the effect of residual stresses on fatigue lifetimes and structural integrity are first summarised, followed by the definition and measurement of residual stresses. Different types of stress are characterised according to the characteristic length scale over which they self-equilibrate. By comparing this length to the gauge volume of each technique, the capability of a range of techniques is assessed. In the second part of the overview, the different nature and origins of residual stress for various classes of material are examined.
A New Biochemical Subtype of the Sanfilippo Syndrome: Characterization of the Storage Material in Cultured Fibroblasts of Sanfilippo C Patients (1978)

Fibroblasts cultured from the skin of three unrelated patients with the clinical symptoms of the Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III) accumulated intracellularly excessive amounts of heparan sulfate and showed a lengthened turnover time for this mucopolysaccharide. They exhibited, however, neither a deficiency of heparan sulfate sulfamidase or alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase nor of any other known glycosaminoglycan-degrading hydrolase. This new mucopolysaccharidosis was therefore designated as type C of the Sanfilippo syndrome. The abnormal heparan sulfate metabolism of Sanfilippo C fibroblasts could not be normalized by addition of crude urinary proteins or concentrated secretions from normal fibroblasts to the culture medium or by cocultivation with normal fibroblasts. The accumulated heparan sulfate was characterized by a reduced negative net charge. A small proportion of it could be adsorbed onto a cation exchange resin. It was sensitive to nitrous acid degradation under conditions where glucosamine residues with free amino groups are attacked. It is therefore suggested that the primary defect in this new mucopolysaccharidosis concerns the step which follows the hydrolysis of N-sulfonate groups in heparan sulfate degradation.
(<i>R</i>)-(6,6′-Dihydroxybiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) methanol solvate (2002)

The title compound, C(36)H(28)O(4)P(2).CH(4)O, was synthesized directly from the methoxy analogue. The crystal structure shows that one OH group interacts with an O atom of a phosphine oxide group in an adjacent molecule, while the other OH group complexes with the methanol solvent molecule via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. An O atom of one phosphine oxide group interacts with the hydroxy H atom of methanol via a hydrogen bond. There are intra- and intermolecular pi-pi interactions between the phenyl rings. All these interactions result in the formation of supramolecular chiral parallelogram channels via self-assembly.
Esophageal function testing using both liquid and viscous substances: provides greater potential to detect abnormalities (2003)

Purpose: Traditional esophageal function testing includes esophageal manometry using liquid (water) swallows. Adding viscous (semisolid) swallows as part of esophageal manometry may provide additional information similar to the modified barium swallow.
The effect of processing parameters on the fabrication of auxetic extruded polypropylene films (2008)

Abstract A processing parameter study for extruded polypropylene films has been carried out. Films were extruded at temperatures varying from 157 °C to 230 °C, screw speed from 0.525 rad s –1 to 2.10 rad s –1 and take up speed from 0.0225 m s –1 to 0.15 m s –1 . Characterisation of the films was undertaken to determine Poisson's ratio, ν , using video exten‐ sometry and it was found that it was possible to vary the Poisson's ratio from positive ( ν = +0.4) to negative (as low as ν = –1) by varying the processing parameters, allowing the possibility of tailoring the Poisson's ratio to specified applications driven values. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Feasibility of Identification of Gamma Knife Planning Strategies by Identification of Pareto Optimal Gamma Knife Plans (2011)

The use of conformity indices to optimize Gamma Knife planning is common, but does not address important tradeoffs between dose to tumor and normal tissue. Pareto analysis has been used for this purpose in other applications, but not for Gamma Knife (GK) planning. The goal of this work is to use computer models to show that Pareto analysis may be feasible for GK planning to identify dosimetric tradeoffs. We define a GK plan A to be Pareto dominant to B if the prescription isodose volume of A covers more tumor but not more normal tissue than B, or if A covers less normal tissue but not less tumor than B. A plan is Pareto optimal if it is not dominated by any other plan. Two different Pareto optimal plans represent different tradeoffs between dose to tumor and normal tissue, because neither plan dominates the other. 'GK simulator' software calculated dose distributions for GK plans, and was called repetitively by a genetic algorithm to calculate Pareto dominant plans. Three irregular tumor shapes were tested in 17 trials using various combinations of shots. The mean number of Pareto dominant plans/trial was 59 ± 17 (sd). Different planning strategies were identified by large differences in shot positions, and 70 of the 153 coordinate plots (46%) showed differences of 5mm or more. The Pareto dominant plans dominated other nearby plans. Pareto dominant plans represent different dosimetric tradeoffs and can be systematically calculated using genetic algorithms. Automatic identification of non-intuitive planning strategies may be feasible with these methods.
A schematic representation of possible GO term relationships: A: GOis a "parent" of GOin a single path relationship (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Applying Support Vector Machines for Gene ontology based gene function prediction"BMC Bioinformatics 2004;5():116-116.Published online 26 Aug 2004PMCID:PMC517617.Copyright © 2004 Vinayagam et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. B: GOis a "parent" of GOin a multiple path relationship. C: GOis a "child" of GOin a single path relationship. D: GOis a "child" of GOin a multiple path relationship. E: GOand GOare "siblings" in a single path relationship. F: GOand GOare "siblings" in a multiple path relationship. MF denotes the molecular function node (root).
Extracting Episodic Memory Feature Relevance Without Domain Knowledge (2011)

Episodic memory provides many important capabilities to a cognitive architecture. One of the challenges of creating a general episodic memory system is to be effective when given no information about the agent's task.
Spectroradiometric Pyrometry of Shock-Heated Gases by Infrared Emission and Absorption Measurements (1966)

A spectroradiometric pyrometer was developed to measure temperatures of shock-heated gases with time resolution of about 10 microsec. Gas temperatures in shock-heated CO(2)-N(2) mixtures and in self-sustaining detonations were determined by simultaneously measuring infrared spectral radiance and absorptance at selected wavelengths in CO(2) and H(2)O band spectra. By Kirchhoff's law, the ratio (radiance/absorptance) equals the Planck blackbody radiance, from which the temperature is easily found. The measured temperatures agreed with values calculated from the measured shock velocities.
Simultaneous Short and Long Wavelength Infrared Pyrometer Measurements in a Heavy Duty Gas Turbine (2001)

Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are increasingly being used in high performance turbine engines. For optimized use of the coatings, accurate surface temperature measurements are required in the combustion environment. Current on-engine pyrometers, which use short infrared wavelengths to accurately measure the temperatures of metal surfaces, show increased uncertainties when used on TBCs. Studies have suggested that long infrared wavelengths are a suitable alternative. Therefore, to evaluate the response of both wavelength regions, simultaneous measurements with short and long wavelength infrared pyrometers have been accomplished in the first stage turbine of a Siemens V84.3A 60Hz 180MW engine at the Berlin Gas Turbine Development and Manufacturing Center.
Dihydrocodeine (1956)

DIHYDROCODEINE and dihydroisocodeine are hydrogenated derivatives of codeine and isocodeine. Eddy and Small1 investigated the toxicity and analgesic potency of the two isomers in animals. As with codeine, both drugs in mice and rabbits produced initial Central-nervous-system depression. The doses required were smaller than those for codeine. A further increase in the dosage of dihydrocodeine resulted in convulsions. Dihydroisocodeine in large dosage did not produce convulsions at all. Analgesic potency was measured in cats by the tail-pressure method. Both dihydroisocodeine and dihydrocodeine produced greater analgesia than codeine, milligram for milligram. These agents were thus candidates for clinical trial.In the . . .
Adenovirus-mediated myocardial gene therapy (2000)

The introduction of genetic material to the heart showed promise when adenovirus vectors were demonstrated to easily and efficiently transfer reporter genes to isolated cardiac myocytes in vitro [17, 18]. Numerous possibilities for the new technology were readily apparent. The most obvious was the replacement of genetic defects in inherited disorders, such as the long QT syndrome and several types of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Even more exciting, however, was the prospect of using this technology to modify more common, acquired diseases including ischemic diseases, acquired cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Most of these diseases affect every cell in the heart, so therapeutic applications would require delivery of the gene of interest to a majority of the myocytes in a homogeneous pattern throughout the heart.