gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Novel Dihydronaphthyridine Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channel Blocker CI-951 Improves CBF, Brain pH<sub>i</sub>, and EEG Recovery in Focal Cerebral Ischemia (1990)

The effects of the novel dihydronaphthyridine Ca2+ antagonist CI-951 on focal cerebral ischemia were assessed during MCA occlusion in 30 white New Zealand rabbits under 1.0% halothane anesthesia. In vivo brain pHi and focal CBF were measured with umbelliferone fluorescence. Baseline normocapnic brain pHi and CBF were 7.02 +/- 0.02 and 48.4 +/- 2.9 ml/100 g/min, respectively. In the severe ischemic regions, 15 min postocclusion brain pHi and CBF were 6.62 +/- 0.04 and 14.4 +/- 0.7 ml/100 g/min in controls vs. 6.60 +/- 0.02 and 12.9 +/- 2.3 ml/100 g/min, respectively, in animals destined to receive CI-951. Twenty minutes after MCA occlusion, CI-951 was administered at 0.5 microgram/kg/min and brain pHi and CBF were determined in both regions of severe and moderate ischemia for 4 h postocclusion. Control severe ischemic sites demonstrated no significant improvement in brain pHi and only mild increases in CBF over the next 4 h. CI-951 caused significant improvement in both of these parameters. Postocclusion 4 h brain pHi and CBF measured 6.69 +/- 0.04 and 18.5 +/- 3.2 ml/100 g/min in controls vs. 7.01 +/- 0.04 and 41.7 +/- 5.3 ml/100 g/min, respectively, in CI-951 animals (p less than 0.001). Similar improvements were observed in moderate ischemic sites. In animals that demonstrated postocclusion EEG attenuation, 75% of CI-951 animals had EEG recovery as compared to 18% in controls. CI-951 may be a useful therapeutic agent for focal cerebral ischemia if histological and outcome studies verify these data.
Examining the effect of spatial resolution and texture window size on classification accuracy: an urban environment case (2004)

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate spatial resolution effects on image classification. Classification maps were generated with a maximum likelihood (ML) classifier applied to three multi-spectral bands and variance texture images. A total of eight urban land use/cover classes were obtained at six spatial resolution levels based on a series of aggregated Colour Infrared Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangle (DOQQ) subsets in urban and rural fringe areas of the San Diego metropolitan area. The classification results were compared using overall and individual classification accuracies.Classification accuracies were shown to be influenced by image spatial resolution, window size used in texture extraction and differences in spatial structure within and between categories. The more heterogeneous are the land use/cover units and the more fragmented are the landscapes, the finer the resolution required. Texture was more effective for improving the classification accuracy of land use classes at finer resolution levels. For spectrally homogeneous classes, a small window is preferable. But for spectrally heterogeneous classes, a large window size is required. Notes *Present address: Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; e-mail: chendm@post.queensu.caAdditional informationNotes on contributorsD. Chen* *Present address: Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; e-mail: chendm@post.queensu.ca
The melanocortin-1 receptor gene mediates female-specific mechanisms of analgesia in mice and humans (2003)

Sex specificity of neural mechanisms modulating nociceptive information has been demonstrated in rodents, and these qualitative sex differences appear to be relevant to analgesia from kappa-opioid receptor agonists, a drug class reported to be clinically effective only in women. Via quantitative trait locus mapping followed by a candidate gene strategy using both mutant mice and pharmacological tools, we now demonstrate that the melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r) gene mediates kappa-opioid analgesia in female mice only. This finding suggested that individuals with variants of the human MC1R gene, associated in our species with red hair and fair skin, might also display altered kappa-opioid analgesia. We found that women with two variant MC1R alleles displayed significantly greater analgesia from the kappa-opioid, pentazocine, than all other groups. This study demonstrates an unexpected role for the MC1R gene, verifies that pain modulation in the two sexes involves neurochemically distinct substrates, and represents an example of a direct translation of a pharmacogenetic finding from mouse to human.
Analysis of Mesoscale Linear Features Observed in the Arctic Atmospheric Boundary Layer (1996)

The existence of synoptically distributed, coherent, linear mesoscale features with wavelengths of 12–18 km in a shallow (zl ≈ 150 m) atmospheric boundary layer is documented. These were observed north of Alaska over the ice-covered Beaufort Sea during the LEADEX program in April 1992. These banded features appear both in satellite infrared (but not visible) images and in concomitant in situ aircraft measurements. Those measurements were of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), potential temperature (θ), and meridional velocity (v) and were taken within and above the arctic atmospheric boundary layer. These aircraft data also exhibit smaller-scale circulations with scales of 3–8 times the boundary layer depth. Based on analysis of our dataset, we argue that the 12–18-km motions may be due to a hybrid form of slantwise convection within the boundary layer. The authors use the term hybrid because some of the energy, scale selection, and orientation of the linear features may be modulated by the nonlinear mean wind profile in the boundary layer. The strongest arguments for slantwise convection are as follows: 1) a significant meridional (cross-band) flux of beat and CCN; 2) long-wavelength, two-dimensional circulation patterns aligned perpendicular to the strong, horizontal temperature gradient; 3) thin, warm bands parallel to thick, cold bands in the IR image, consistent with convection in the boundary layer; and 4) generally weak correlations between lead signals in a downward-looking radiometer and θ, v, and CCN. The data also suggest that at least the influence of the circulations can reach up beyond the well-mixed boundary layer into the stable, lower troposphere. (However, this signal cannot be dismissed as, nor definitely identified with, gravity waves.) It is noted that if slantwise convection is present as described, then it represents another mechanism with mesoscale organization over synoptic-scale regions by which the Arctic's atmospheric boundary layer and the overlying, stably stratified lower troposphere may exchange heat, momentum, and particulates. This is in addition to large leads and shear-generated turbulence in the boundary layer, both of which create vertical mixing in the Arctic's lower atmosphere that is spatially and temporally intermittent.
Vulnerability of Coral Reefs to Bioerosion From Land‐Based Sources of Pollution (2017)

Abstract Ocean acidification (OA), the gradual decline in ocean pH and [ ] caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO 2 , poses a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, depressing rates of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) production, and enhancing rates of bioerosion and dissolution. As ocean pH and [ ] decline globally, there is increasing emphasis on managing local stressors that can exacerbate the vulnerability of coral reefs to the effects of OA. We show that sustained, nutrient rich, lower pH submarine groundwater discharging onto nearshore coral reefs off west Maui lowers the pH of seawater and exposes corals to nitrate concentrations 50 times higher than ambient. Rates of coral calcification are substantially decreased, and rates of bioerosion are orders of magnitude higher than those observed in coral cores collected in the Pacific under equivalent low pH conditions but living in oligotrophic waters. Heavier coral nitrogen isotope (δ 15 N) values pinpoint not only site‐specific eutrophication, but also a sewage nitrogen source enriched in 15 N. Our results show that eutrophication of reef seawater by land‐based sources of pollution can magnify the effects of OA through nutrient driven‐bioerosion. These conditions could contribute to the collapse of coastal coral reef ecosystems sooner than current projections predict based only on ocean acidification.
Low Pressure Vapor Phase Epitaxy of GaAs in a Halogen Transport System (1981)

Deposition of from the system at 1023 K and pressures from 1 down to 0.01 bar leads to controlled growth rates ranging from 40 to 1 μm/hr. Due to the surface kinetic limitation of the process, very uniform films are obtained at reduced pressures. The background impurity level is low; 77 K electron mobilities of 73,000 cm2 V−1 sec−1 were obtained for not purposely doped samples with electron concentrations in the upper 1014 cm−3region. Using as a dopant, the electron concentration increases linearly with the pressure. The sulfur‐doped films show the same values for the mobility and the saturation concentration of electrons as layers obtained at atmospheric pressure.
Laser velocimeter measurements in a wing-fuselage type juncture (1988)

A single axis, five beam, three component laser velocimeter system was used in a juncture flow experiment. A description of the seeding system developed for and used in this experiment is given. The performanace of the LV system was evaluated, and some of the problems associated with it were identified. Satisfactory results were obtained in the juncture flow experiments using this LV system.
Thermal Decomposition of Long-chain Alkyl Phosphates (1991)

Assessment was made of the thermal stability of long-chain alkyl phosphate by thermal analysis (TG/DTA/DSC). Several monoalkyl phosphates (Cn-MAP) differing in chain length (C12, C14, C16) showed essentially the same thermal stability. The decomposition temperature of didodecyl phosphate (C12-DAP) was 257.8°C [40-50°C higher than that of monododecyl phosphate (C12-MAP)]. C12-MAP·2 Na salt was thermally more stable than C12-MAP, but C12-MAP·Na salt was less stable than this.Gas chromatographic analysis of the decomposition gas indicated dodecene to be mainly formed from C12-MAP, whereas 1-dodecanol from C12-MAP·Na salt and C12-MAP·2 Na salt.31P-NMR analysis of C12-MAP decomposition mixtures revealed that the disproportionation of C12-MAP to phosphoric acid (PA) and C12-DAP and condensed phosphate formation fromC12-MAP were competetive with the elimination of olefin from C12-MAP.The elimination of olefins from monoalkyl pyrophosphate [Py- (1.0)] and dialkyl pyrophosphate [Py- (1, 1)] besides from C12-MAP thus must be taken into consideration for assessement of the thermostability of long-chain alkyl phoshates. The formation of [PA+ Py- (0, 0)] from [MAP+DAP +Py- (1, 0) +Py- (1, 1)] appears to be a zero order reaction with an activation energy of 26.2kcal/mol.
A New Facility for Measurements of Three-Dimensional, Local Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Flux and Related Critical Heat Flux for PFCs (2002)

In the development of plasma-facing components for fusion reactors and high-heat-flux heat sinks (or components) for electronic applications, the components are usually subjected to a peripherally nonuniform heat flux. Even if the applied heat flux is uniform in the axial direction (which is unlikely), both intuition and recent investigations have clearly shown that both the local heat flux and the eventual critical heat flux (CHF) in this three-dimensional (3-D) case will differ significantly from similar quantities found in the voluminous body of data for uniformly heated flow channels. Although this latter case has been used in the past as an estimate for the former case, more study has become necessary to examine the 3-D temperature and heat flux distributions and related CHF. Work thus far has shown that the nonuniform peripheral heat flux condition enhances CHF in some cases.To avoid the excess costs associated with using electron or ion beams to produce the nonuniform heat flux, a new facility was developed that will allow 3-D conjugate heat transfer measurements and two-dimensional, local subcooled flow boiling heat flux and related CHF measurements.The configurations under study for this work consist of (a) a nonuniformly heated cylinder-like test section with a circular coolant channel bored through the center and (b) a monoblock that is a square cross-section parallelepiped with a circular drilled flow channel along the channel centerline. The theoretical or ideal cylinder-like test section would be a circular cylinder with half (-90 to 90 deg) of its outside boundary subjected to a uniform heat flux and the remaining half insulated. For the monoblock, a uniform heat flux is applied to one of the outside surfaces, and the remaining surfaces are insulated. The outside diameter of the cylinder-like test section is 30.0 mm, and its length is 200.0 mm. The monoblock square is 30.0 mm long. The inside diameter of the flow channel for both types of test sections is 10.0 mm. Water is the coolant. The inlet water temperature can be set at any level in the range from 26.0 to 130.0°C, and the exit pressure can be set at any level in the range from 0.4 to 4.0 MPa. Thermocouples were placed at 48 locations inside the solid cylinder-like or monoblock test section to obtain 3-D wall temperature variations and related local heat flux. Finally, the mass velocity can be set at any level in the range from 0.4 to 10.0 Mg/m2·s for the 10.0-mm-diam channel.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Equilibria Between C‐Bonded CO and Π‐CO Ligands in Four‐Iron Clusters and Cleavage of the Π‐CO Ligand. (1986)

Abstract The interaction of the Lewis acids [R3PAu] , [LCu] and [MeHg]+ with the tetrahedral cluster [Fe4(CO),3]2" produces an equilibrium mixture of the tetrahedral isomer (I) and the butterfly isomer (II) with a I′l‐ CO ligand between the wingtips in solution.
RF9 Powerfully Stimulates Gonadotrophin Secretion in the Ewe: Evidence for a Seasonal Threshold of Sensitivity (2012)

GPR147 and its endogenous ligands, RFRPs, are emerging as important actors in hypothalamic-pituitary axis control. The role of this system would be to inhibit gonadotrophin secretion. However, data on the subject are contradictory. The discovery of RF9 (adamantanecarbonyl-RF-2-NH(2)), a GPR147 antagonist, prompted us to use this new tool to further investigate this system in the ewe. Accordingly, we tested the effect of i.c.v. administration of RF9 on gonadotrophin secretion in the ewe during anoestrous and the breeding season. Intracerebroventricular injections of RF9 (from 50-450 nmol) caused a clear elevation in peripheral blood plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations. The effect of RF9 on LH was more pronounced during the anoestrous season. Furthermore, peripheral administration of RF9 as a bolus (2.1, 6.2 and 12.4 μmol per ewe) or as a constant i.v. infusion (2.1, 6.2, 12.4 and 18.6 μmol/h per ewe) to anoestrous acyclic ewes induced a sustained increase in LH plasma concentrations. A pharmacokinetic study showed that RF9 (12.4 μmol bolus i.v.) has an effective half life of 5.5 h in the plasma. Conversely, RF9 is not detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting that it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. The increase in LH plasma concentrations induced by RF9 was blocked by previous administration of 1.3 μmol per ewe of gondotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist Teverelix. This suggests that GnRH is involved in the stimulatory effect of RF9 on gonadotrophin secretion. Finally, no variation in LH plasma concentrations could be detected in ovariectomised ewes injected either i.c.v. or i.v. with RFRP3 (VPNLPQRF-NH(2)). The lack of effect of RFRP3 in our experimental setting suggests that the mechanisms involved in RF9 action are probably more complex than previously assumed. Our results indicate that delivery of RF9 in the ewe greatly increases gondadotrophin secretion in both the oestrus and anoestrus season, suggesting a potential new way of controlling reproduction in mammals.
An Efficient EnantioselectiveSynthesis of the 3C Protease Inhibitor (-)-Thysanone (2008)

The enantioselective synthesis of the 3C protease inhibitor (-)-thysanone is described. The key step is the o-toluate anion addition to an α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone. Spectroscopic analysis of the synthetic material confirms the 1R,3S stereochemistry of the natural product.
Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy Lowers Serum Inflammatory Markers: A Pilot Study (2009)

Periodontal treatment resulted in significant decreases in BOP and PD and lowered serum inflammatory markers in patients with CHD or NCHD. This may result in a decreased risk for CHD in the treated patients. These findings will allow pursuit of a large-scale randomized intervention trial in this population.
Active Repression of Methylated Genes by the Chromosomal Protein MBD1 (2000)

MBD1 belongs to a family of mammalian proteins that share a methyl-CpG binding domain. Previous work has shown that MBD1 binds to methylated sites in vivo and in vitro and can repress transcription from methylated templates in transcription extracts and in cultured cells. In the present study we established by several experimental criteria that, contrary to a previous report, MBD1 is not a component of the MeCP1 repressor complex. We identified a powerful transcriptional repression domain (TRD) at the C terminus of MBD1 that can actively repress transcription at a distance. Methylation-dependent repression in vivo depends on the presence of both the TRD and the methyl-CpG binding domain. The mechanism is likely to involve deacetylation, since the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A can overcome MBD1-mediated repression. Accordingly, we found that endogenous MBD1 is particularly concentrated at sites of centromeric heterochromatin, where acetylated histone H4 is deficient. Unlike MBD2 and MeCP2, MBD1 is not depleted by antibodies to the histone deacetylase HDAC1. Thus, the deacetylase-dependent pathway by which MBD1 actively silences methylated genes is likely to be different from that utilized by the methylation-dependent repressors MeCP1 and MeCP2.
Overwintering of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae in Apple Harvest Bins and Subsequent Moth Emergence (2001)

Codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), have long been suspected of emerging from stacks of harvest bins in the spring and causing damage to nearby apple and pear orchards. With increased use of mating disruption for codling moth control, outside sources of infestation have become more of a concern for growers using pheromone based mating disruption systems. Studies were designed to provide information on bins as a source of codling moth and the pattern of codling moth emergence from stacks of bins. In these studies, codling moth larvae colonized wood harvest bins at a much higher frequency than harvest bins made of injection molded plastic (189 moths emerged from wood compared with five from plastic). There was no statistical difference in the number of moths infesting bins that had been filled with infested fruit compared with bins left empty at harvest. This suggests that codling moth enter the bins during the time that the bins are in the orchard before harvest. Emergence of laboratory reared adult codling moth from wood bins placed in stacks was found to be prolonged compared with field populations. Temperature differences within the bin stacks accounted for this attenuated emergence pattern. Covering bin stacks with clear plastic accelerated codling moth development in the upper levels of the stack. Codling moth emergence patterns from plastic-covered stacks more closely coincided with male flight in field populations. This information could be important in developing a technique for neutralizing codling moth-infested bins, and in understanding how infested bins may influence pest management in fruit orchards that are located near bin piles. Implications for control of codling moth in conventional orchards and in those using mating disruption as the principal component of an integrated pest management system include increased numbers of treatments directed at areas affected by infested bins.
Association of Computed Tomography Morphologic Criteria With Pathologic Response and Survival in Patients Treated With Bevacizumab for Colorectal Liver Metastases (2009)

Among patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy, CT-based morphologic criteria had a statistically significant association with pathologic response and overall survival.
Membranous Nephropathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1982)

We have described a man with classic rheumatoid arthritis who had membranous nephropathy associated with nephrotic syndrome not related to gold or penicillamine therapy. Complete remission of the nephrosis occurred after discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine therapy. Further study is needed to determine the incidence of subclinical membranous nephropathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and the effect of drugs in triggering clinical manifestations of this condition.
Crack detection using nonlinear output frequency response functions - an experimental study (2006)

The new concept of Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions (NOFRFs) is introduced in this paper to detect cracks in beams using frequency domain information. The results show that the NOFRFs are a sensitive indicator of the presence of cracks providing the excitation is of an appropriate strength. The new results provide a novel and effective method for the detection of cracks in beams, with applications in structural fault diagnosis.
Zinc-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkyne Addition (2017)

Key words zinc catalysis - alkyne addition - asymmetric alkynylation - 1,2-addition - α-hydroxy-α-ynyl ketones
Photoelectron Angular Distribution of Thin Films of Copper Phthalocyanine on MoS<sub>2</sub> Surfaces: Quantitative Determination of Molecular Orientation (1995)

Abstract The angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of ultrathin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on an MoS2 substrate were measured using synchrotron radiation. The azimuthal angle dependence of the photoelectron intensity was analyzed using independent-atomic-center approximation combined with molecular orbital calculation. The results indicate that CuPc molecules lie flat on the substrate and that the film grows epitaxially with respect to the three equivalent directions of the MoS2 surface.
A first example of generating aryl cations in the solvolysis of aryl triflates in trifluoroethanol (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA first example of generating aryl cations in the solvolysis of aryl triflates in trifluoroethanolYoshio Himeshima, Hiroshi Kobayashi, and Takaaki SonodaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 18, 5286–5288Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00304a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00304a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1059Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts