gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient large volume data preparation for electron beam lithography for sub-45nm node (2011)

A new correction approach was developed to improve the process window of electron beam lithography and push its resolution at least one generation further using the same exposure tool. An efficient combination of dose and geometry modulation is implemented in the commercial data preparation software, called Inscale®, from Aselta Nanographics. Furthermore, the electron Resolution Improvement Feature (eRIF) is tested, which is based on the dose modulation and multiple-pass exposure, for not only overcoming the narrow resist process windows and disability of exposure tool but also more accurate correction of exposure data in the application of sub-35nm regime. Firstly, we are demonstrating the newly developed correction method through the comparison of its test exposure and the one with conventional dose modulation method. Secondly, the electron Resolution Improvement Feature is presented with the test application for complementary exposure and with the application of real design, specifically for sub-30nm nodes. Finally, we discuss the requirements of data preparation for the practical applications in e-beam lithography, especially for future technology nodes.
AGING TREATMENT BY COUNTERACTING INTRINSIC DNA DAMAGE AND IMMUNOSENESCENCE (2019)

Abstract Progressive systemic poisoning by gradually accumulated damaged cells has been proposed as a major contributor to mammalian aging. Our preclinical studies support the hypothesis that this process results from a failure of innate immunity-mediated eradication of cells with DNA damaged by intrinsic mechanisms caused by the epigenetic desilencing of endogenous retroelements. This model suggests two translational approaches to improve the counteract accumulation of damaged cells: (i) by pharmacological suppression of LINE1 reverse transcriptase activities – the main driver of expansion of “retrobiome” and the trigger of damaged cell-associated inflammation and (ii) by counteracting immunosenescence by innate immunity stimulation. Preclinical proofs of concept have been obtained for both using nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and immunostimulators acting via TLR5 activation. Preparations for clinical testing of these agents in the context of age-related pathologies is in underway.
Quantitative Analysis of Singlet Oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) Generation via Energy Transfer in Nanocomposites Based on Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Porphyrin Ligands (2011)

S.21535-21545
Les pêches morutières, terre-neuvières, baleinières en Amérique du Nord (2018)

RÉSUMÉ. A partir de 1502, les pêcheurs anglais, français et portugais vont prendre l'habitude de traverser l'Atlantique pour aller sur les bancs de Terre-Neuve pour la pêche à la morue verte et sur le littoral pour la pêche sédentaire. Au plus fort du XVIIIe siècle chaque année ce sont 20 000 pêcheurs qui participent à cette transhumance saisonnière. A l'origine, ce sont des pêcheurs de nombreux ports de toute la façade atlantique qui partent pour Terre-Neuve. Les conflits vont exclure les Ibériques dès la fin du XVIesiècle, laissant aux prises Anglais et Français.ABSTRACT. Since 1502, the British, French, and Portuguese fishermen got into the habit of crossing the Atlantic for the Newfoundland banks to fish green cod and for the coastal zone for sedentary fishing. At the height of activity in the 18thcentury, 20,000 fishermen participated in this seasonal migration. At the start, it was fishermen from many Atlantic ports who embarked for Newfoundland. Conflicts excluded the Portuguese and the Spanish as early as the end the 16th century, giving the lead to the English and the French.
Gothic: a group access control architecture for secure multicast and anycast (2003)

Multicast and anycast have received considerable attention due to their ability to support networked services. There are distinct and significant security vulnerabilities in both the multicast and anycast model including denial of service, theft or service, eavesdropping, and masquerading. The multicast problem requires a secure IGMP. The anycast problem requires secure anycast server advertisements. We generalize these two problems into a problem of group access control and propose Gothic, a complete architecture for providing group access control. Gothic centers around a novel authorization architecture. This is complemented by a proposal for a group policy management system that allows the group owner to be authenticated before being allowed to specify the group access rights. This system can be applied to other works that involve group policy. We show how Gothic operates in a number of environments including application-layer multicast, source-specific multicast, application-layer anycast and global IP-anycast. We evaluate the security and scalability of the architecture and show that it improves scalability over previous solutions while maintaining or increasing the level of security. We also propose methods of integrating Gothic with the group key management system and content distribution tree. We propose and evaluate a group access control aware group key management technique that leverages the existence of a group access control system to substantially reduce overhead.
Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures – Common Strategies and Case Studies (2017)

<p>The design of critical structures to withstand the effects of earthquakes continues to gain importance all over the world. Most recently, several countries in Latin America have started to implement advanced seismic protection systems. The main objective of these systems is always the people’s safety. However, the integrity of the structures and their serviceability immediately after an earthquake play an important role in the speed of the emergency response, particularly bridges, hospitals and schools. Additionally, the cost associated with repair or reconstruction of damaged structures is likely to be small compared to the economic impact caused by disruption of serviceability after an earthquake and during the long reconstruction phase.</p><p>Seismic isolation systems provide an alternative to conventional earthquake resistance design such as strengthening of structural elements (columns or beams), and have the potential for significantly reducing seismic risk without compromising safety, reliability, and economy of structures. As an alternative to seismic isolation, energy dissipation becomes essential in terms of seismic protection. The use of effective devices able to dissipate high amounts of energy ensures that other structural elements do not undergo excessive demands that could cause significant damage.</p><p>This paper presents some of the recent applications of seismic retrofitting in Mexico and Venezuela. These two countries are in active seismic areas that have experienced strong earthquakes. The development of the engineering expertise in the region, together with the availability of affordable and effective systems have encourage the use of advance seismic protection technologies, such as elastomeric isolators, as well as viscous dampers. The study cases presented in this paper serve as evidence of the increasing interest of designers, contractors and owners for safer and efficient structures, which above all ensure the safety of the population, and mitigate structural damage.</p>
Recognition of Voiceless Fricatives by Normal and Hearing-Impaired Subjects (1990)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sufficient perceptual cues used in the recognition of four voiceless fricative consonants [s, f, theta, integral of] followed by the same vowel [i:] in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adult listeners. Subjects identified the four CV speech tokens in a closed-set response task across a range of presentation levels. Fricative syllables were either produced by a human speaker in the natural stimulus set, or generated by a computer program in the synthetic stimulus set. By comparing conditions in which the subjects were presented with equivalent degrees of audibility for individual fricatives, it was possible to isolate the factor of lack of audibility from that of loss of suprathreshold discriminability. Results indicate that (a) the friction burst portion may serve as a sufficient cue for correct recognition of voiceless fricatives by normal-hearing subjects, whereas the more intense CV transition portion, though it may not be necessary, can also assist these subjects to distinguish place information, particularly at low presentation levels; (b) hearing-impaired subjects achieved close-to-normal recognition performance when given equivalent degrees of audibility of the frication cue, but they obtained poorer-than-normal performance if only given equivalent degrees of audibility of the transition cue; (c) the difficulty that hearing-impaired subjects have in perceiving fricatives under normal circumstances may be due to two factors: the lack of audibility of the frication cue and the loss of discriminability of the transition cue.
Curing Behavior and Properties of Sustainable Furan-Based Epoxy/Anhydride Resins (2019)

The last two decades have witnessed a significant growth in using bioderived materials, driven by the necessity of replacing fossil-derived precursors, reducing the fossil fuel consumption, and lowering the global environmental impact. This is possible thanks to the availability of abundant resources from biomasses and the development of optimized technologies based on the principles of sustainability and circular economy. Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of new carbohydrate-derived epoxy resins. In particular, 2,5-bis[(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)methyl]furan has been synthesized and cured with methyl nadic anhydride. The effect of different initiators was studied, in order to identify the most efficient curable formulations. A series of resins was then prepared varying the epoxide-anhydride ratios. The results gathered from physicochemical, mechanical, morphological analyses have demonstrated that the produced furan-based thermosets have the potential to be proposed as sustainable alternatives to the traditional, bisphenol A-containing epoxy resins.
Analysis of period doubling bifurcation and chaos mirror of biped passive dynamic robot gait (2012)

With a reasonable parameter configuration, the passive dynamic walking model has a stable, efficient, natural periodic gait, which depends only on gravity and inertia when walking down a slight slope. In fact, there is a delicate balance in the energy conversion in the stable periodic gait, making the gait adjustable by changing the model parameters. Poincaré mapping is combined with Newton-Raphson iteration to obtain the numerical solution of the final state of the passive dynamic walking model. In addition, a simulation on the walking gait of the model is performed by increasing the slope step by step, thereby fixing the model’s parameters synchronously. Then, the gait features obtained in the different slope stages are analyzed and discussed, the intrinsic laws are revealed in depth. The results indicate that the gait can present features of a single period, doubling period, the entrance of chaos, merging of sub-bands, and so on, because of the high sensitivity of the passive dynamic walking to the slope. From a global viewpoint, the gait becomes chaotic by way of period doubling bifurcation, with a self-similar Feigenbaum fractal structure in the process. At the entrance of chaos, the gait sequence comprises a Cantor set, and during the chaotic stage, sub-bands in the final-state diagram of the robot system present as a mirror of the period doubling bifurcation.
Small Molecule Compound Logistics Outsourcing – Going Beyond the “Thought Experiment” (2012)

Increasing pressure on the pharmaceutical industry to reduce cost and focus internal resources on "high value" activities is driving a trend to outsource traditionally "in-house" drug discovery activities. Compound collections are typically viewed as drug discovery's "crown jewels"; however, in late 2007, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development (J PRD) took a bold step to move their entire North American compound inventory and processing capability to an external third party vendor. The authors discuss the combination model implemented, that of local compound logistics site support with an outsourced centralized processing center. Some of the lessons learned over the past five years were predictable while others were unexpected. The substantial cost savings, improved local service response and flexible platform to adjust to changing business needs resulted. Continued sustainable success relies heavily upon maintaining internal headcount dedicated to vendor management, an open collaboration approach and a solid information technology infrastructure with complete transparency and visibility.
Liquid-metal-jet x-ray tube technology and tomography applications (2014)

The power and brightness of electron-impact micro-focus X-ray sources have long been limited by thermal damage in the anode. Here we describe a novel X-ray microfocus source based on a new anode concept, the liquid-metal-jet anode (MetalJet). The regenerative nature of this anode allows for significantly higher e-beam power density than on conventional anodes, resulting in this source generating significantly higher brightness than other X-ray tubes in the microfocus regime (~5-50 μm). We describe the fundamental properties of the technology and will review the current status specifically in terms of spot size, stability, lifetime, flux, acceleration voltage and brightness.
Analysis of the Optec NGN-3 PM{sub 2.5} size-cut nephelometer (1999)

The Optec NGN-3 nephelometer measures continuous PM{sub 2.5} aerosol scattering and can be used as a surrogate for PM{sub 2.5} mass. The Optec NGN-3 is based on the Optec NGN-2 ambient nephelometer, which has operated successfully since its introduction in 1993 as part of the IMPROVE program, other national and state visibility programs, and high-profile special studies. Based on its success and acceptance in the visibility monitoring community, and the need for a surrogate for continuous PM{sub 2.5} mass measurement in urban areas, the NGN-2 has been modified and configured with a 2.5 {micro}m size-cut device and an inline sample heater to measure the dry scattering of fine mass. This modified nephelometer, the NGN-3, integrates the original optical design, a well-characterized size-cut inlet, a critical orifice designed for 7 LPM, an inline heater, and a long-life pump. The size-cut configuration was tested against a variety of aerosol samplers and monitors in Bakersfield, California during Winter 1999, and against an IMPROVE stage A aerosol sampler in Fort Collins, Colorado during Spring 1999. The results of those studies and an analysis of the Optec size-cut nephelometer as a surrogate for PM{sub 2.5} mass measurement are presented.
Local Interaction Simulation of Guided-Wave Propagation in Composite Plates Using CLoVER Transducer (2011)

This paper presents numerical simulations based on local interaction simulation approach (LISA) for guided wave (GW) propagation in laminated composite plates. The GW is generated by the composite long-range variable-direction emitting radar (CLoVER) transducer. A brief overview of the LISA formulation is presented, with highlights to the new components introduced to the solution. The resulting iterative equations are used to simulate GW propagation in uni-ply [0]12T and cross-ply [0/90]3S laminates. The simulated results are validated against laser vibrometry experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Cherinonaine, a Novel Dimeric Amide from the Stems of Annona cherimola. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unequivocal Synthesis of 1,9‐Dibenzyl‐1,5,9,13‐tetracyclohexadecane (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rhythmic Tasks: A New Task Model with Continually Varying Periods for Cyber-Physical Systems (2012)

Traditional mechanical subsystems in automobiles are being replaced by electronically controlled systems, often with no mechanical backup. This trend towards "drive-by-wire" systems is becoming increasingly popular. In these cyber-physical systems, a critical task not meeting its timing deadline can lead to a safety violation and damage to life and/or property. Classical real-time scheduling techniques such as RMS and EDF can be used to guarantee the schedulability of periodic tasks. However, certain critical tasks like the engine control task are activated by engine events such as pulses generated by sensors at the engine crankshaft. The periods of these engine tasks vary continually and even dramatically depending on the engine speed. The conventional periodic task model is inadequate for handling such tasks in cyber-physical systems due to its pessimism when combined with common schedulability analyses. In this paper, we define a new task model called Rhythmic Tasks for tasks having periods that vary due to external physical events. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that considers continually varying periods for fixed-priority scheduling in dynamic operating environments. We formally define the rhythmic task model and study its scheduling properties. In the context of rhythmic engine control tasks, we offer schedulability tests for determining the maximum possible utilization under the steady state, which is related to the physical engine speed. We also investigate the range of possible engine acceleration and deceleration rates. We show that excessive acceleration and deceleration can make the system unschedulable. We provide algorithms to find the appropriate ranges for acceleration and deceleration rates. We use a specific case study of engine control to illustrate our analysis.
The physics of non-Newtonian liquid slurry atomization. Part 2: Twin-fluid atomization of non-Newtonian liquids -- First quarterly technical report, 1 January--31 March 1994 (1994)

The changes in the physical processes of atomization as a result of adding a high molecular weight polymer in low concentrations to liquid have been studied. Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids were investigated with particular emphasis on the non-Newtonian rheological characteristics. It was found that viscoelastic liquids are much more difficult to atomize than viscoinelastic liquids. Viscoinelastic liquids showed a breakup behavior similar to that of water sprays. Viscoelastic materials showed remarkably different breakup patterns. The ligaments were seen to undergo a very large stretching motion before they breakup, resulting in long threads of liquid attached to droplets. The normal stresses developed in viscoelastic materials are much higher than their associated shear stresses. Consequently, the development of the large normal stresses appears to be the most important rheological mechanism that inhibits breakup. The non-Newtonian liquids selected for the experiment were aqueous solutions of Xanthan gum and Polyacrylamide E10.
2D and 3D optimal parallel image warping (2002)

Spatial image warping is useful for image processing and graphics. The authors present optimal concurrent-read-exclusive-write (CREW) and exclusive-read-exclusive-write (EREW) parallel-random-access-machine (PRAM) algorithms that achieve O(1) asymptotic run time. The significant result is the creative processor assignment that results in an EREW PRAM forward direct warp algorithm. The forward algorithm calculates any nonscaling affine transform. The EREW algorithm is the most efficient in practice, and 16k processor MasPar MP-1 can rotate a 4 million element image in under a second and a 2 million element volume in 1/2 of a second. This high performance allows interactive viewing of volumes from arbitrary viewpoints and illustrates linear speedup.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
P-Wave Characteristics on Routine Preoperative Electrocardiogram Improve Prediction of New-Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery (2014)

Several p-wave characteristics are independently associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation. Addition of these parameters improves the postoperative atrial fibrillation prediction model.
Use of a standardized personal medical record by patients with hypertension: a randomized controlled prospective trial. (1995)

It is widely believed that patients' compliance can be increased by persuading them to participate in their own care. We tested whether patients with hypertension could manage their own clinical records and whether their doing so would affect the quality of their care. Two hundred patients were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. Those in the intervention group were asked to complete a 10-page booklet containing a personal standardized medical record. All patients were scheduled for a follow-up appointment at the end of one year and were referred to their general practitioners for interim care. At the end of the follow-up period, the proportion of patients seen was comparable in the two groups. More of the patients in the intervention group than in the control group filled out a questionnaire as requested, and more added comments. Within the intervention group, the proportion of patients seen and the fall in systolic blood pressure were significantly higher among the 44 patients who had completed the personal record as requested than among the 57 who had not. Patients who completed the personal record also had fewer compliance problems.
SurfaceomeDB: a cancer-orientated database for genes encoding cell surface proteins. (2012)

Cell surface proteins (CSPs) are excellent targets for the development\nof diagnostic and therapeutic reagents, and it is estimated that 10-\n20% of all genes in the human genome encode CSPs. In an effort to\nintegrate all data publicly available for genes encoding cell surface\nproteins, a database (SurfaceomeDB) was developed. SurfaceomeDB\nis a gene-centered portal containing different types of information,\nincluding annotation for gene expression, protein domains, somatic\nmutations in cancer, and protein-protein interactions for all human\ngenes encoding CSPs. SurfaceomeDB was implemented as an\nintegrative and relational database in a user-friendly web interface,\nwhere users can search for gene name, gene annotation, or keywords.\nThere is also a streamlined graphical representation of all data\nprovided and links to the most important data repositories and\ndatabases, such as NCBI, UCSC Genome Browser, and EBI.