gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical results with a percutaneous bone‐anchored hearing aid (1989)

During a 2-year period ending in July 1987, nine patients were implanted with a percutaneous bone-anchored hearing aid developed at the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. Patients selection was based on the presence of conductive or mixed hearing loss in patients who are unable to wear a conventional hearing aid because of infection or ear canal problems. Patients had speech discrimination scores of at least 60% for phonetically balanced monosyllables (CID lists) at 40 dB above threshold, and a pure tone bone conduction average of 45 dB hearing loss or better. Patients were evaluated in sound field, preoperatively and postoperatively using warble tones, speech reception threshold, speech discrimination, and synthetic speech identification. The patient's unaided hearing and hearing with a bone-anchored hearing aid were compared with the patient's hearing with a standard bone conduction hearing aid. Signal to noise ratio testing with the synthetic speech identification test demonstrated that the bone-anchored hearing aid was comparable to a standard bone conduction aid. There were no complications in our series. Five patients who reported otorrhea with conventional hearing aids experienced no otorrhea after implantation. Patient satisfaction, as assessed by questionnaire, revealed that all patients preferred the bone-anchored hearing aid to previously worn hearing aids.
Evaluation of Specially Grown Ruby Laser Rods (1965)

Twelve ruby rods incorporating two kinds of controllable gross inhomogeneities (banding and lineage) were studied. Optical evaluation by means of interferographs and low-angle scattering measurements were compared with actual performance measurements. It is concluded that not enough information is available to predict the performance of a ruby laser rod from its manner of growth or from measures of passive optical homogeneity. Time-dependent measurements are suggested as being more useful, and a hypothesis to explain the differences in performance between various rods is proposed.
Power Control of Spectrum-Sharing in Fading Environment With Partial Channel State Information (2011)

This paper addresses the spectrum-sharing for wireless communication where a cognitive or secondary user shares a spectrum with an existing primary user (and interferes with it). We propose two lower bounds, for the primary user mean rate, depending on the channel state information available for the secondary-user power control and the type of constraint for spectrum access. Several power control policies are investigated and the achieved primary-user mean rates are compared with these lower bounds. Specially, assuming all pairs of transmitter-receiver are achieving real-time delay-sensitive applications, we propose a novel secondary-user power control policy to ensure for both users, at a given occurrence, predefined minimum instantaneous rates. This power control uses only the secondary-user direct links gains estimations (secondary-to-secondary link and secondary-to-primary link).
Grafted neural stem cells develop into functional pyramidal neurons and integrate into host cortical circuitry (2002)

In vitro expanded neural stemprogenitor cells can undergo region-specific differentiation after transplantation to the developing or adult brain, and display morphologies and markers characteristic of mature neurons. Here we have used patch-clamp techniques to explore whether grafted stem cells also can develop physiological properties of mature neurons and become functionally integrated within host neural circuitry. The immortalized neural progenitor cell line, RN33B, prelabeled with GFP by using a lentiviral vector, was transplanted into the cortex or hippocampus of neonatal rats. We found that the grafted GFP-positive cells differentiated into cells with morphological features of cortical or hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and that many of them had established appropriate cortico-thalamic and contralateral hippocampal connections, respectively, as revealed by retrograde tracing. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from grafted cells with morphological characteristics of pyramidal neurons showed that they were able to generate action potentials, and received functional excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from neighboring cells. These data provide evidence that grafted neural progenitors can differentiate into morphologically mature pyramidal projection neurons, establish appropriate long-distance axonal projections, exhibit normal electrophysiological properties, and become functionally integrated into host cortical circuitry.
Prosthesis preference is related to stride-to-stride fluctuations at the prosthetic ankle (2013)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stride-to-stride fluctuations and prosthesis preference. Thirteen individuals with unilateral, transtibial amputation consented to participate. Individuals walked on a treadmill for 3 min with their prescribed and an alternate prosthesis. Stride-to-stride fluctuations were quantified with the largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE) of each joint flexion/extension time series. The change in the LyE was calculated for each major lower-limb joint for both conditions. Participants indicated preference between the prostheses on a continuous visual analog scale. The change in the LyE was correlated with the degree of preference between the two prostheses at the prosthetic ankle. The change in the LyE of the prosthetic ankle was strongly related to the degree of preference (r = 0.629, p = 0.02). Thus, stride-to-stride fluctuations, quantified by the LyE, are strongly related to the patient's perception of the prosthesis. As a result, the LyE is the first objective measure to detect changes in gait that relate to the patient's perception of the prosthesis. The LyE should be further examined as a potentially effective prescriptive and outcome measure in prosthetic rehabilitation.
Gossip Learning as a Decentralized Alternative to Federated Learning (2019)

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach for computing models over data collected by edge devices. Most importantly, the data itself is not collected centrally, but a master-worker architecture is applied where a master node performs aggregation and the edge devices are the workers, not unlike the parameter server approach. Gossip learning also assumes that the data remains at the edge devices, but it requires no aggregation server or any central component. In this empirical study, we present a thorough comparison of the two approaches. We examine the aggregated cost of machine learning in both cases, considering also a compression technique applicable in both approaches. We apply a real churn trace as well collected over mobile phones, and we also experiment with different distributions of the training data over the devices. Surprisingly, gossip learning actually outperforms federated learning in all the scenarios where the training data are distributed uniformly over the nodes, and it performs comparably to federated learning overall.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production and vitamin D3 receptor expression are developmentally regulated during differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages (1993)

It has been well established that human mononuclear phagocytes have the capacity to produce 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)3D3] and express the vitamin D receptor (VDR). However, 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity and VDR receptor expression during differentiation of monocytes (MO) into mature macrophages (MAC) have not been previously examined. The in vitro maturation of blood MO can serve as a model for the in vivo transformation of immature blood MO into MAC. Here, when cultured in the presence of serum, MO undergo characteristic changes in morphology, antigenic phenotype, and functional activity consistent with their differentiation into MAC. We serially measured 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] synthesis, specific [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 binding, and VDR mRNA levels during in vitro maturation of MO into MAC and correlated these functions with maturation-associated changes in the phenotype (MAX.1 and CD71) and secretory repertoire (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], neopterin) of the cells. MO showed only little conversion of 25-(OH)D3 into 1,25(OH)2D3 (1.4 +/- 0.4 pmol/10(6) cells/6 h, n = 5) that increased gradually during maturation into MAC at day 8 of culture (5.3 +/- 4.3 pmol/10(6) cells/6 h, n = 5). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increased baseline 1,25(OH)2D3-synthesis approximately twofold during all phases of differentiation. The time course of increased 1,25(OH)2D3-synthesis correlated with enhanced secretion of neopterin and expression of MAX.1 and CD71. The addition of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 did not influence constitutive 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis, but IFN-gamma-stimulated production was suppressed to baseline levels. Exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 also stimulated 24,25(OH)2D3 synthesis in freshly isolated MO (from 1.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/6 h to 5.6 +/- 0.9 pmol), whereas matured MAC showed no 24,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. Furthermore, we examined the expression of the VDR during the differentiation process. VDR mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed in MO, whereas VDR was downregulated in mature MAC on both the mRNA and protein levels. Homologous upregulation of VDR protein by 1,25(OH)2D3 occurred in MO and, to a lesser degree, in MAC. In contrast, VDR mRNA concentrations were not influenced by 1,25(OH)2D3. Taken together, our results show that MO into MAC differentiation in vitro is associated with (1) an enhanced capacity to synthesize 1,25(OH)2D3, (2) a loss of 24,25(OH)2D3-synthesizing activity, and (3) a decrease in the expression of VDR mRNA and protein. Because 1,25(OH)2D3 was shown to induce differentiation of MO into MAC, our data sugest an autoregulatory mechanism of MO/MAC generation by 1,25(OH)2D3.
Rabbit and human antibodies to a repeated amino acid sequence of a Plasmodium falciparum antigen, Pf 155, react with the native protein and inhibit merozoite invasion. (1986)

The Plasmodium falciparum-derived antigen of Mr 155,000 designated Pf 155, deposited in the membrane of infected erythrocytes, contains at least two blocks of tandemly repeated amino acid sequences. The peptide Glu-Glu-Asn-Val-Glu-His-Asp-Ala, which corresponds to a subunit of a C-terminally located repeat, was synthesized. Rabbits immunized with the octapeptide conjugated with either keyhole limpet hemocyanine or tetanus toxoid formed antibodies against the octapeptide. These antibodies reacted with Pf 155 as detected by immunoblotting or a modified immunofluorescence assay. Sera from humans exposed to P. falciparum also contained antibodies binding to the octapeptide in a dot-blot immunoassay. Their anti-octapeptide titers were correlated with their immunofluorescence titers in the assay detecting Pf 155 and other parasite antigens in the membrane of infected erythrocytes. Human octapeptide-reactive antibodies were isolated on an affinity column with the octapeptide conjugated to bovine serum albumin as ligand. These human antibodies reacted with Pf 155 in immunoblotting and strongly stained the surface of infected erythrocytes in the modified immunofluorescence assay. Approximately 20% of this immunofluorescence activity in a high-titered human serum could be recovered from the octapeptide column, indicating that a significant fraction of these anti-parasite antibodies react with epitopes associated with the octapeptide. Furthermore, the human octapeptide-reactive antibodies very efficiently inhibited merozoite reinvasion into erythrocytes in vitro. Similarly purified rabbit antibodies also significantly inhibited reinvasion. Our results suggest that the C-terminal segment of repeated peptides in Pf 155 is a major antigenic region of the molecule and may contain target sites for protective immunity in P. falciparum malaria.
Genetic anticipation in rheumatoid arthritis in Europe. European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families. (2001)

Our data suggest that genetic anticipation in RA does occur in terms of an earlier disease onset in the offspring. Despite a slightly higher prevalence of HLA alleles encoding for the SE, probands with confirmed parental RA had no worse outcome than those without.
Mining HIV dynamics using independent component analysis (2003)

Mathematica 4 has been used to simulate the suggested model. A Pentium III or higher platform is recommended.
Sub-frames with reverse channel connectiolns to CFT composite columns : experimental evaluation (2015)

This paper presents the experimental results of the investigation on the coupled joint-structure behaviour of the composite sub-frame, using the reverse channel connections between an I-beam and th ...
Structural and Optical Properties of Solution Grown CdSe1 − x  S  x Films (1982)

films have been prepared in the entire composition range from to by using a chemical solution growth technique. Optimum conditions to deposit good quality films have been determined. Structural and optical properties of the films have been studied. Electron diffraction analysis shows that the films have predominantly cubic (sphalerite) structure. The lattice parameter varies continuously from 5.81Å for to 6.06Å for films. The films have a direct bandgap, which varies continuously from 2.44 eV for to 1.74 eV for films.
Superconducting CH structure (2007)

The superconducting CH structure is a novel multicell cavity for the acceleration of protons and ions in the low and intermediate energy regime. The CH structure is a cross-bar-type cavity; it is the first superconducting low energy multicell cavity operated in an H mode. A superconducting CH-prototype cavity with 19 gaps at $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.1$ has been built and tested successfully. Maximum surface fields of $25\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ and a corresponding effective cavity voltage gain of 3.7 MV have been achieved. In this paper the development and the tests of this new cavity are presented. This includes also tuning and coupling methods as well as a comparison with other low energy cavities.
Bead layering as a process to stabilize nanosuspensions: influence of drug hydrophobicity on nanocrystal reagglomeration following in-vitro release from sugar beads (2011)

This study confirms that bead layering is a valuable drying technique that could complement spray drying and freeze drying, but more important is that we prove that drug physicochemical properties have a significant influence on in-vitro dissolution performance after bead layering and this is not readily predictable from the information obtained from the original nanosuspension itself.
User Signaling Servers for ATM-Based PCS Networks (2016)

Different models for user service profile management exist in telephony wireless intelligent networks and in data networks. This paper presents a balanced solution to this problem by providing PCS subscribers access to a new element called a user signaling server. Two types of user signaling servers, home and visitor, are defined to provide users both the flexibility of the data networking model in which services are requested as needed as well as the option to subscribe to IN-based services as in the telephony model. This approach provides mobile PCS users savings in air interface and computing resources, reduces signaling load (air interface and network) and call/connection setup delay.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and BMP-2 Delivery in Chitosan-Based 3D Constructs to Enhance Bone Regeneration in a Rat Mandibular Defect Model (2014)

Reconstructing segmental mandiblular defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Tissue engineering strategies provide an alternative option to resolve this problem. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds on mandibular repair in a small animal model. Noggin expression levels in ASCs were downregulated by a lentiviral short hairpin RNA strategy to enhance ASC osteogenesis (ASCs(Nog-)). Chitosan (CH) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), natural polysaccharides, were fabricated into 3D porous scaffolds, which were further modified with apatite coatings for enhanced cellular responses and efficient delivery of BMP-2. The efficacy of 3D apatite-coated CH/CS scaffolds supplemented with ASCs(Nog-) and BMP-2 were evaluated in a rat critical-sized mandibular defect model. After 8 weeks postimplantation, the scaffolds treated with ASCs(Nog-) and BMP-2 significantly promoted rat mandibular regeneration as demonstrated by micro-computerized tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry, compared with the groups treated with ASCs(Nog-) or BMP-2 alone. These results suggest that our combinatorial strategy of ASCs(Nog-)+BMP-2 in 3D apatite microenvironments can significantly promote mandibular regeneration, and these may provide a potential tissue engineering approach to repair large bony defects.
Challenges in Chemical Mechanical Planarization defects of 7nm device and its improvement opportunities (2017)

CMP (Chemical Mechanical Planarization) defects are always one of the top yield detractors in IC (Integrated Circuit) devices since CMP processes have been applied in the semiconductor industry. Most of all, new structures and materials in 7nm devices make it challenging for CMP processes to meet device requirements. The CMP process obviously needs to control or contain not only the number of defects but also defect size in accordance with scaling speed. In this paper, the results of fundamental studies to elucidate CMP defects will be introduced and discussed as they pertain to 7nm devices. This paper will cover the phenomena and its research activities about atomic scale scratches, dishing control in uneven surface topography and surface defects with 7 nm logic device.
THE DESIGN AND TESTING OF AN ALTERNATING-FIELD DEMAGNETIZING APPARATUS (1965)

An apparatus used at the Geological Survey of Canada for magnetic cleaning purposes is described. With this apparatus viscous components of remanent magnetization were effectively removed from a group of uniformly magnetized specimens although an appreciable scattering in magnetization directions was observed after treatment at high peak field intensity. Tests were conducted to verify that the scattering was not inherent in the design of the apparatus.
Modelling of vegetation volumes (1985)

The purpose is to describe work that is being done to find theoretical models to describe radar backscatter from vegetation layers. The geometry of the problem is shown. The information that one would like to find through the application of the results of these models would include: the thickness of the layer; the absorption in the layer (i.e., density, moisture content, and biomass); the geometry of the scatterers (i.e., shape and orientation); how much of the received power is due to volume scattering only; and a way to enhance the ratio of scattering that has some interaction with the ground surface. The proposed ways to find this information are discussed.
Carrier-Mediated Transport of Rare Earth Ions through Supported Liquid Membranes (1989)

Abstract Fluxes of rare earth ions (Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, Sm3+, and Lu3+) across supported liquid membranes using mixtures of nitrophenyl octyl, heptyl, or phenyl ethers and tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) as solvents and some β-diketones as carriers were determined. The effects of membrane composition, pH of the source phase, and carrier concentration on the flux are demonstrated. The effect of membrane composition is further discussed from the values of the membrane potential and the viscosity and electrical conductivity of the solvents. A maximal flux of lanthanum is observed for the membranes by using mixtures consisting of equal volumes of the nitrophenol derivative and TBEP. The fluxes of the rare earths, except scandium, decrease rapidly with decreasing pH difference between the source and receiving phases. The difference in flux among the rare earths, except scandium, is small. The flux increases in the carrier order benzoyl- > thenoyl- > furoyltrifluoroacetones. The lanthanum flux is proportional to the carrier concentration.
Characteristics, sexual behaviour and risk factors of female, male and transgender sex workers in South Africa (2013)

Tailored sex work interventions should explicitly include male and transgender sex workers, sex work-specific clinics, focus on the risks of unprotected anal sex, and include interventions to reduce alcohol harm.
Ultrasonic Wave Reflection From Liquid-Coupled Orthotropic Plates With Application to Fibrous Composites (1988)

We present a unified analytical treatment supported by extensive experimental data of the interaction of ultrasonic waves with arbitrarily-oriented orthotropic elastic plates. The plates are assumed to be immersed in a fluid and subjected to incident acoustic beams at arbitrary polar and azimuthal angles. Reflection and transmission coefficients are derived from which all propagation characteristics are identified. Highly complex reflection behavior, expressed as phase velocity-frequency dispersion, is observed. Extensive experimental data has been collected in ultrasonic reflection measurements on a plate of T300/Ciba-Geigy 914 composite, selected as a model system to test the theory. Comparisons between theory and experiment show good agreement at several azimuthal angles between 0 deg and 90 deg.
Averaged Pulse-Shape Measurements of Radar Sea Return at near-Vertical Incidence (1971)

Some average pulse-shape measurements of radar sea returns at near-vertical incidence are presented. The measurements were made at a 75-cm wavelength, from light aircrafts flying at altitudes of 2 to 2.3 km over various water surfaces. Greater knowledge of the return shapes could help the design of high-accuracy radar altimeters. It could also contribute to several areas of remote sensing. Both specular and scattered reflections were observed in all the returns, with clear distinction between the two components. Dominance by either the specular or the scattered component was observed, the first one being the more frequent. Real-time averaging was obtained by utilizing a sampling technique. This enabled a reduction of the system bandwidth to several hertz, allowing the use of low peak-power RF pulses (1 W), and low-speed chart recorders. Twenty-one recorded average returns are given, along with an interpretation of the recordings and a description of the measuring system.
The Network Concept of Creativity and Deep Thinking: Applications to Social Opinion Formation and Talent Support (2017)

Our century has unprecedented new challenges, which need creative solutions and deep thinking. Contemplative, deep thinking became an “endangered species” in our rushing world of Tweets, elevator pitches, and fast decisions. Here, we describe how important aspects of both creativity and deep thinking can be understood as network phenomena of conceptual and social networks. “Creative nodes” occupy highly dynamic, boundary spanning positions in social networks. Creative thinking requires alternating plasticity-dominated and rigidity-dominated mind-sets, which can be helped by dynamically changing social network structures. In the closing section, we present three case studies which demonstrate the applications of the concept in the Hungarian research student movement, the Hungarian Templeton Program, and the Youth Platform of the European Talent Support Network. These examples show how talent support programs can mobilize the power of social networks to enhance creative, deliberative, deep thinking of talented young minds, influencing social opinion, leading to community action, and developing charismatic leadership skills.