gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal ensemble activity during spatial delayed-nonmatch-to-sample performance in rats (1996)

Multiple-cell recording from specially designed arrays of microwire electrodes allowed analysis of anatomically defined ensemble activity from 10 different locations within the hippocampus of rats (n = 7) performing a two-lever operant version of a spatial delayed-nonmatch-to-sample task (DNMS). Application of population analysis procedures to ensembles of single-neuron activity within the CA1 and CA3 fields revealed firing patterns related to task-relevant events within a DNMS trial. The patterns were extracted via a canonical discriminant analysis in the form of "roots" that represented sources of variance in firing within the ensemble, such as phase of the task (Sample or Nonmatch), spatial position of the lever press response (left or right), and correct versus error trials. Comparison of the ensemble firing on correct versus error trials revealed important insight into ensemble information encoding, such as "miscoding" of the response position and lack of distinct encoding of the response in the Sample phase, which became increasingly vulnerable to error as a function of the duration of delay interval. The extracted discriminant scores were reflective of multiple representations within ensembles and suggested that "conjunctions" of task-relevant features could be represented effectively by small numbers of hippocampal neurons. The findings support the long-held supposition that hippocampal neurons play a critical role in the encoding and retrieval of information in recognition memory tasks.
Protein Phosphatase 2A Facilitates Axonogenesis by Dephosphorylating CRMP2 (2010)

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is indispensable in development, and deficits of PP2A and deterioration of neuronal axons have been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders, but the direct link between PP2A and the neuronal axon development is still missing. Here, we show that PP2A is essential for axon development in transfected rat brain and the dissociated hippocampal neurons. Upregulation of PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) not only promotes formation and elongation of the functional axons but also rescues axon retardation induced by PP2A inhibition. PP2A can dephosphorylate collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) that implements the axon polarization, whereas constitutive expression of phosphomimic-CRMP2 abrogates the effect of PP2A upregulation. We also demonstrate that PP2Ac is enriched in the distal axon of the hippocampal neurons. Our results reveal a mechanistic link between PP2A and axonogenesis/axonopathy, suggesting that upregulation of PP2A may be a promising therapeutic for some neurodegenerative disorders.
A New Approach for Reactive Web Usage Data Processing (2006)

Web usage mining exploits data mining techniques to discover valuable information from navigation behavior of World Wide Web (WWW) users. The required information is captured by web servers and stored in web usage data logs. The first phase of web usage mining is the data processing phase. In the data processing phase, first, relevant information is filtered from the logs. After that, sessions are reconstructed by using heuristics that select and group requests belonging to the same user session. If we are processing requests after they are handled by the web server, this technique is called "reactive" while in "proactive" techniques the same (pre)processing occurs during the interactive browsing of the web site by the user. Reactive session reconstruction uses "time" and "navigation" oriented heuristics. We propose to combine these heuristics with "site topology" information in order to increase the accuracy of the reconstructed sessions. In this work, we have implemented an agent simulator, which models behavior of web users and generates web user navigation as well as the log data kept by the web server. By this way we know the actual user sessions and we can accurately evaluate and compare the performances of alternative session reconstruction heuristics (which will use only the web server log data). To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work that uses such an agent simulator, and therefore, is able to accurately evaluate different session reconstruction heuristics. By using the agent simulator, we attempt to show that our new heuristic discovers more accurate sessions than previous heuristics.
Relasi Antara Penggunaan Android dan Perubahan Sosial Perdesaan: Studi Perubahan Sosial di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat (2016)

Social changes is all changes on social institutions within community which impacting on its system including values, norms and patern of behaviour between groups in community, technology is one of the cause. Technology of media cq Android pressumed will give impact on traditional rural so-cial system, thus these mixed-method research intended to study how far the impact of the usage of Android on rural social changes. The present of internet followed by the more personalized Android in the rural community has made a transformation on interaction dimension between member of community both in Babakan village as urban-rural, and Petir as rural-village. The ownership and usage of Android between member of community today has various of meanings, whether to build peer-relation, tighten the family cohesion or to support the economic activities. The social change as impact of the usage of Android apparrently only occurs on interaction dimension without changing the structural or the cultural dimension. Research found, the prolonged social norms which has been rooted and maintaned by the community still able to work as social control mechanism, however the research shows the indication that the rationlisation on individual is ongoing, this may more or less loosen the social cohesion of rural community.
Silastic sling for urethral sphincter incompetence in women (1985)

Conventional sling materials have numerous disadvantages. A reinforced Silastic sling is described and its use reported in 30 patients. There was an 83% symptomatic and objective cure of stress incontinence. The advantages of this material include its consistent strength, adjustability and ease of removal.
Application of Maneuver-Based Control In Variable Autonomy Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (2003)

In placenta of patients with preeclampsia, we detected abnormal expression of F3 and THBD with increased protein and mRNA levels. The role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of this disease and in alterations of hemostatic and histopathological aspects of placentas need further studying.
Influence of Environment on Brittle Fracture of Silica (1963)

The fracture strength of fused silica rods was determined in vacuum and in the saturated vapors of water, ethyl alcohol, n ‐butyl alcohol, n ‐propyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, undried benzene with “less than 0.02% water,” and dried benzene. The relation between the lowering of the fracture strength of the fused silica caused by the vapor and the corresponding decrease in surface free energy of quartz was found to be consistent with the Griffith theory of brittle fracture.
The efficacy of TAMUS 2032 in preventing a natural outbreak of colibacillosis in broiler chickens in floor pens (2005)

A 42-d floor pen study was conducted with broiler chickens comparing the effects on bird performance of 12 ppm TAMUS 2032 (also known as BT) and 55 ppm bacitracin methylene disalicyclate (BMD) when fed alone or in combination with 99 ppm monensin (MON). Unmedicated and 99 ppm MON treatments were included in the study design. Beginning on d 22 of study, birds in all 6 treatments were subjected to a modulated house temperature and airflow to mimic conditions conducive to outbreaks of colibacillosis. A natural outbreak of colibacillosis developed beginning on d 27. Primary lesions in dead birds included airsacculitis and pericarditis with occasional findings of perihepatitis. At d 42 of study, means for weight gain in the TAMUS 2032 and TAMUS 2032 + MON treatments were greater in comparison with the unmedicated and BMD treatments, and means for feed conversion for both treatments were improved in comparison with the unmedicated treatment. Mean feed conversion in the TAMUS 2032 + MON treatment was also improved in comparison with BMD treatment. Mortality due to colibacillosis was reduced in the TAMUS 2032 (0.051%), TAMUS 2032 + MON (0.642%), and MON + BMD (1.515%) treatments in comparison with the unmedicated treatment (13.402%) and the BMD treatment (11.159%). The results of improved performance and reduced mortality indicated that 12 ppm TAMUS 2032 was highly efficacious against colibacillosis in growing chickens. The reduced mortality percentages in the MON + BMD treatment indicated that this combination also provided a good level of protection against the natural outbreak of colibacillosis.
Effect of Food on Salsalate Absorption (1992)

To assess the effect of food on salsalate absorption, single 1500-mg oral doses of salsalate were administered to 17 men under fasted and fed conditions according to a randomized open-label crossover design. A 7-day washout separated treatment periods. Blood samples were drawn throughout the 48-h period following dose administration and the resulting plasma samples assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for unchanged drug, salsalate, and the major metabolite, salicylic acid. When results for the fasted and fed treatments were compared, no significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters for the major metabolite salicylic acid or in the extent of absorption of unchanged drug; however, the rate of salsalate absorption was affected. Although the time-to-peak for salsalate was significantly delayed by approximately 1 h in the presence of food, the peak level was not significantly affected. The lack of difference between the two treatments for the therapeutic moiety, salicylic acid, indicates a lack of a significant food effect on single doses of salsalate.
GABA Puts a Stop to Pain (2004)

A lack of inhibition, particularly that mediated by gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory transmitter of the central nervous system (CNS), is responsible for many pain states. Until recently, few GABA acting drugs were available and were prescribed mostly for relieving muscle spasms, anxiety and epilepsy, but rarely for pain. The basic metabolic pathway of GABA is well known and we are now beginning to understand the function of this neurotransmitter in the complex circuitry underlying pain, especially in the context of nerve injury. Analgesic compounds are now being developed targeting GABA transporters as well as GABA associated enzymes and receptors. Some GABA analogs act by inhibiting ion channels, a property that contributes to their analgesic effects. However, despite considerable progress in developing new compounds, the use of systemically acting GABAergic drugs is limited by unwanted side-effects on systems other than those involved in pain, and by the fact that in certain areas of the brain, GABA can enhance rather than reduce pain. The advent of new drugs targeting subtypes of GABA receptors and transporters and the possibility of using newly developed delivery systems, such as intrathecal pumps and viral vectors, to target specific areas of the nervous system will likely help circumvent these problems.
Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics in Celiac Disease (2014)

Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten intake. To date, the only therapy for CD is the complete exclusion of dietary sources of grains and any food containing gluten. It has been hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota is somehow involved in CD. For this reason, probiotics are appearing as an interesting adjuvant in the dietetic management of CD. This review aims to discuss the characteristics of the microbiota in CD subjects and the use of probiotics as a novel therapy for CD. Comparisons between children with CD and controls show that their microbiota profiles differ; the former have fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Specific probiotics have been found to digest or alter gluten polypeptides. It has also been demonstrated that some bacterial species belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium exert protective properties on epithelial cells from damage caused by gliadin.
Impurity bands in photonic insulators (1998)

A chain of impurity cells in a photonic insulator introduces impurity modes of the electromagnetic field over a narrow band of frequencies. We introduce a model of this band in the manner of a tight-binding description of impurity bands in semiconductors, and use it to describe waveguiding along the chain, and, in particular, across a corner of $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. We also point out the possibility of using impurity bands in photonic insulators to study wave propagation along an effectively one-dimensional disordered chain.
Wireless sensor networks for industrial applications (2004)

We provide an in-depth study of applying wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to real-world industrial applications. Firstly, we present problem statement of industrial automation and design requirements and goals. Second, we describe a set of sample scenarios in industrial application. Then, a system design and implementation overview is developed that covers the network architecture, hardware, software, and some design and implementation issues. In the end, we give a lot of related work in this field and conclude.
Control of the Splanchnic Circulation in Man (1967)

Some effects of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, were studied in 20 normal, fasting, conscious men. The measurements made included cardiac output, splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption, arterial and hepatic venous blood pressure, and heart rate. The intravenous administration of propranolol (0.13 mg/kg) was followed by significant reductions in splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption, in cardiac output and in heart rate. Splanchnic perfusion pressure was unchanged; the splanchnic vascular resistance was significantly elevated. Previous treatment with glucose did not alter these findings. Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment lessened the increase in splanchnic vascular resistance which propranolol ordinarily caused. Ganglion-ic blockade with hexamethonium prevented all of the changes which propranolol produced in untreated individuals. These results may best be explained by assuming that the splanchnic circulation in man is influenced both by α receptors, which cause vasoconstriction when activated, and by β receptors, which when activated caused vasodilatation and increase oxygen consumption.
Electroplated solder joints for optoelectronic applications (2002)

Flip-chip solder joint technology has been widely used in the integrated circuit (IC) packaging and optoelectronics packaging. Several solder deposition techniques have been developed. In this paper, we will report on an electroplating technique to form Pb/Sn (both eutectic and 95/5% Pb and Sn) solder joints in any shape. For some optoelectronic applications, we successfully plated the Pb/Sn solder pads larger than the under bump metallurgy (UBM). In addition to solder shape and size, solder pad profile (cross section) is one of the most important issues for passive alignment flip chip bonding of optoelectronic devices where the vertical clearance is sometimes limited to less than one micron. Our experiments show that the solder pads surface profile is highly dependent on the process conditions. We found that in addition to an electric field effect, electrolyte diffusion played a very important role in forming the solder pad profile. Based on our model, we optimized plating conditions and improved the thickness uniformity to 0.1 /spl mu/m (standard deviation) over 2-inch wafers for an average solder pad thickness of 4.6 /spl mu/m. This process reduces the cost of solder deposition as well as providing a means for controlling airborne Pb toxicity which might be found for pads deposited by vacuum deposition methods.
<sup>19</sup>F DOSY NMR analysis for spin systems with <i><sup>n</sup>J<sub>FF</sub></i> couplings (2014)

NMR is a powerful method for identification and quantification of drug components and contaminations. These problems present themselves as mixtures, and here, one of the most powerful tools is DOSY. DOSY works best when there is no spectral overlap between components, so drugs containing fluorine substituents are well-suited for DOSY analysis as (19)F spectra are typically very sparse. Here, we demonstrate the use of a modified (19)F DOSY experiment (on the basis of the Oneshot sequences) for various fluorinated benzenes. For compounds with significant (n) JFF coupling constants, as is common, the undesirable J-modulation can be efficiently suppressed using the Oneshot45 pulse sequence. This investigation highlights (19)F DOSY as a valuable and robust method for analysis of molecular systems containing fluorine atoms even where there are large fluorine-fluorine couplings.
Quantitative Determination of Silanol in Quartz Applying Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform and Chemometrics (2004)

The silanol concentration of quartz was determined by mixing 50 mg ground silica sample with 500 mg KBr followed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and chemometric data analysis. Reference samples were prepared by blending ground quartz of different silanol content. Good correlation was achieved between 10 and 240 ppm Si-OH by mass. The chemometric model's quality is characterized by a correlation coefficient of 0.965 (cross-validation) using five latent variables (factors) and a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 7 ppm. Chemometric data is compared to results from univariate data analysis. The biggest impact on the reproducibility is due to sample preparation (grinding and blending), which is dependant on the operator involved.
Circadian rhythms in plasma levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ4-androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone of healthy young men (1980)

Three healthy males (18, 22 and 30 years of age; 85 kg/177 cm, 82 kg/181 cm and 75 kg/168 cm, respectively), synchronized with a diurnal activity (06.00 to 23.00 h) and nocturnal rest, volunteered for this study. Blood was sampled (venous catheter) hourly during a 24 h span. A radiocompetition method was used for cortisol determinations. Other steroids were first extracted (ethyl-ether) from each plasma sample, then chromatographed on a celite column to isolate 3 fractions: 1) delta 4-androstenedione (delta-4); 2) dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA); 3) testosterone (T). A radioimmunological assay was used thereafter for the determination of androgenic steroids. Statistically significant (both conventional and cosinor methods) circadian rhythms were detected (P > 0.005). Acrophases (peak times) occurred in the following order: cortisol (07.28), DHA (08.43), delta-4 (09.54), T (11.15) and DHT (16.37). The respective circadian amplitudes of DHA and delta-4 were smaller than those of cortisol while the amplitudes T and DHT did not show differences statistically significant from each other.
Einführung (2003)

Im Folgenden wird auf die zentrale Fragestellung, die theoretische Fundierung sowie den Aufbau der Arbeit eingegangen.
Maraging Steels (1990)

Abstract Maraging steels comprise a special class of high-strength steels that differ from conventional steels in that they are hardened by a metallurgical reaction that does not involve carbon. Instead, these steels are strengthened by the precipitation of intermetallic compounds at temperatures of about 480 deg C. Commercial maraging steels are designed to provide specific levels of yield strength in the range of 1030 to 2420 MPa. However, some experimental maraging steels have yield strengths as high as 3450 MPa. These steels typically have very high nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum contents and very low carbon contents. This article outlines the processing of maraging steels: melting, hot working, cold working, machining, heat treating, surface treatment, and welding. It also covers mechanical and physical properties as well as tooling and aerospace applications, where maraging steels are extensively used.
Carnosol: A Phenolic Diterpene With Cancer Chemopreventive Potential (2014)

Cancer is an unbeaten health challenge for the humankind. After striving for decades to find a cancer cure, attention has now been shifted to reduce the morbidity and mortality from cancer by halting the course of tumor development. Numerous bioactive phytochemicals, especially those present in edible and non-edible plant species, have been reported to reduce the risk of many cancers. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that carnosol, a phenolic diterpene present in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), holds the promise of preventing certain types of cancer. A remarkable progress has been made in delineating the biochemical mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of carnosol. Results from in vitro cell culture studies as well as animal model experiments have revealed that carnosol inhibits experimentally induced carcinogenesis and exhibits potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing properties. Moreover, carnosol enhances the sensitivity of chemoresistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the detailed mechanistic aspects of cancer chemoprevention with carnosol.
[Study on concentration, ozone production potential and sources of VOCs in the atmosphere of Beijing during Olympics period]. (2010)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the key precursors of atmospheric ozone (O3), whose concentration variation influences directly the level of the photochemical pollutant O3. During Beijing Olympics, VOCs were measured near the Beijing National Stadium. Two and half-hour integrated canister samples were collected and analyzed in the morning and afternoon of each sampling day. Simultaneously, concentration, potential ozone production and sources of VOCs in the atmosphere of Beijing were studied. And the results indicated that the total VOCs species had higher concentrations in the morning (34.38 x 10(-9)), and lower in the afternoon (27.13 x 10(-9)), where the concentration of alkanes was the highest, and aromatics and alkenes came next. However, the concentrations of alkenes in the afternoon were significantly lower than those in the morning, which was 28%, and aromatics (26%) and alkanes (15%) came next. 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene has the highest propylene-equivalent concentration (8.05 x 10(-9)C), and m/p-xylene (6.97 x 10(-9)C), toluene (6.41 x 10(-9)C) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (5.64 x 10(-9) C) came next. Aromatics (47%) gives the most significant contribution to the production of O3 in the atmospheric VOCs of Beijing, and then were alkenes (40%) and alkanes (13%). Automobile emissions accounted for approximately 28% of the total VOCs, and solvent volatilization (19%), LPG leakage (15%) and industrial sources (12%) came next, from which Beijing may decrease the atmospheric VOCs.