gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovative Spine Implants for Improved Augmentation and Stability in Neoplastic Vertebral Compression Fracture (2019)

<i>Background and objectives:</i> Tumor-related vertebral compression fractures often result in severe back pain as well as progressive neurologic impairment and additional morbidities. The fixation of these fractures is essential to obtain good pain relief and to improve the patients' quality of life. Thus far, several spine implants have been developed and studied. The aims of this review were to describe the implants and the techniques proposed to treat cancer-related vertebral compression fractures and to compile their safety and efficacy results. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A systematic MEDLINE/PubMed literature search was performed, time period included articles published between January 2000 and March 2019. Original articles were selected based on their clinical relevance. <i>Results:</i> Four studies of interest and other cited references were analyzed. These studies reported significant pain and function improvement as well as kyphotic angle and vertebral height restoration and maintain for every implant and technique investigated. <i>Conclusions:</i> Although good clinical performance is reported on these devices, the small numbers of studies and patients investigated draw the need for further larger evaluation before drawing a definitive treatment decision tree to guide physicians managing patients presenting with neoplastic vertebral compression fracture.
A Dynamic Proportion Allocator for Real-Rate Scheduling (1999)

In this paper we propose changing the decades-old practice of allocating CPU to threads based on pri-ority to a scheme based on proportion and period. Our scheme allocates to each thread a percentage of CPU cycles over a period of time, and uses a feedback-based adaptive scheduler to assign automatically both proportion and period. Applications with known requirements, such as isochronous software devices, can bypass the adaptive scheduler by specifying their desired proportion and/or period. As a result, our scheme provides reservations to applications that need them, and the benefits of proportion and period to those that do not. Adaptive scheduling using proportion and period has several distinct benefits over either fixed or adaptive priority based schemes: finer grain control of allocation, lower variance in the amount of cycles allocated to a thread, and avoidance of accidental priority inversion and starvation, including defense against denial-of-service attacks. This paper describes our design of an adaptive controller and proportion-period scheduler, its implementation in Linux, and presents experimental validation of our approach.
ACOUSTO-OPTIC TUNABLE FILTERS (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text NEELAM GUPTA, "ACOUSTO-OPTIC TUNABLE FILTERS," Optics & Photonics News 8(11), 23-27 (1997) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Associations between leptin and adiponectin receptor upregulation, visceral obesity and tumour stage in oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma (2010)

Obesity is associated with upregulated ObR and AdipR2 expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The association of ObR and AdipR2 with tumour stage suggest that pathways involving adipocytokines affect tumour biology.
Electrostatic metallic spray theory (1976)

A statistical model for the description of an isolated cloud of electrostatically generated droplets is developed. The droplet charging process is assumed independent of droplet population density consistent with high fluid conductivity and maximal charging levels. It is found that charge distribution is describable by Fermi-Dirac statistics and droplet number distribution by Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. Evaluation of molten copper sprays reveals that the smaller the droplet cloud mass the higher the overall charge-to-mass ratio will be. Charge-to-mass ratio is found to vary approximately as the inverse square of droplet radius. The smaller the droplet the closer it can in general approach the Rayleigh criterion charge limit. The influence of emission-limited charging was found to be unimportant for the cases studied. The model indicates the possibility that microscopic distributions of charge and mass can be inferred from knowledge of total charge and mass.
Big data analytics approach for network core and edge applications (2016)

The amount of data in the aerospace industry is being generated and collected at unprecedented levels. This is primarily due to the increasingly connected nature of aerospace systems and devices, which could be classified under the generic term of the Internet of Things (IoT). The nature of data being generated and collected is also changing, primarily in the attributes of amount, format, and sources of data. Hence, new approaches, techniques, and corresponding designs need to be developed to store, analyze and derive insight from these data sets or also called “Big Data.” The traditional approach for Analytics requires the movement of the collected dataset to a core location on the network like a data center or cloud. However, many modern and emerging applications and aerospace use cases require Network Edge Analytics capability, where analytics and insights need to be performed at the edge of the network without moving the entire dataset to the core location. Thus, a hybrid model of Big Data Analytics with Network Core and Edge Analytics needs to be reviewed and considered. This paper will discuss the Analytics capabilities that can be leveraged both at the Network Edge and Network Core, and will also review all the above considerations from analytics techniques, technologies and use cases point of view. In addition, the paper will discuss various technologies and their implementation both at the core and edge, including software and infrastructure elements. Lastly, this paper will focus on analytics technologies and approaches for structured, unstructured and semi-structured data, including, review of real time and batch analytics techniques in a distributed data environment. Consequently, an approach is required to integrate these disjointed analytics and data sources techniques in a hybrid model of network core and edge analytics. Select techniques and technologies like Hadoop, NoSql, and real time analytics will be discussed as examples. Finally, the paper will review Analytics use cases, including Aerospace industry use cases, where such a hybrid model of core and edge analytics can be leveraged for practical implementations.
Remote Cache Timing Attack on Advanced Encryption Standard and countermeasures (2010)

AES, Advanced Encryption Standard, is a symmetric key encryption standard being widely used to secure data in places where data confidentiality is a critical issue. AES was adopted from the Rijndael algorithm which was developed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. In 2001 NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, declared Rijndael algorithm as the next generation cryptographic algorithm, and thus was titled AES - Advanced Encryption Standard. NIST spent several years analyzing the Rijndael algorithm for vulnerabilities against all known breeds of attacks and finally declared it to be a secure algorithm. In 2005 Daniel J. Bernstein claimed that the software implementation of AES is vulnerable to side channel attacks. Side Channel Attacks are a form of cryptanalysis that focuses not on breaking the underlying cipher directly but on exploiting weaknesses found in certain implementations of a cipher. One could derive attacks based on side-channel information gained through timing information, radiation of various sorts, power consumption statistics, cache contents, etc. AES uses a series of table look ups to increase its performance. Since these tables do not fully fit into the cache, cache hits and misses are frequent during encryption, causing various look up times, and thus various encryption times that change according to the input text and the encryption key. The Cache Timing Attack proposed by Bernstein correlates the timing details for encryption under a known key with an unknown key to deduce the unknown key. Bernstein demonstrated the attack against the OpenSSL 0.9.7a AES implementation on an 850MHz Pentium III desktop computer running FreeBSD 4.8. Over the years many researchers have proposed a number of countermeasures against Bernstein's Cache Timing Attack but there is no evidence to date of any investigation carried out to determine their effectiveness and efficiency. Our study focused on verifying Bernstein's Cache Timing Attack and investigating some of the countermeasures that have been proposed by implementing them.
Reactive hypoglycemia. (1989)

Reactive hypoglycemia is a relatively uncommon meal-induced hypoglycemic disorder. Most patients with adrenergic-mediated symptoms have a diagnosis other than reactive hypoglycemia. In many patients with this self-diagnosis, other disorders can be attributed as a cause for symptoms, especially neuropsychiatric disease. The continued use of the terminology "functional hypoglycemia" only contributes vagueness to our correct understanding of this metabolic condition. There are a number of conditions associated with postprandial hypoglycemia. One category is the reactive hypoglycemias, which occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (diabetes reactive hypoglycemia), gastrointestinal dysfunction (alimentary reactive hypoglycemia), hormonal deficiency states (hormonal reactive hypoglycemia), and a large patient group characterized as having idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia. Of these causes the alimentary, hormonal, and diabetic patients are less disputed, whereas the idiopathic reactive hypoglycemic group has been referred to as a "nondisease" group. Characteristic alterations in insulin secretion accompany each of these conditions. In bona fide patients, dysinsulinism or hyperinsulinism usually accounts for the hypoglycemia. Some patients may have increased insulin sensitivity, but this association is doubtful or very rare. Patients with this meal-related eating disorder are characterized as ingesting excessive quantities of refined carbohydrate. In the research setting, the disorder can easily be elicited with the oral glucose tolerance test. However, to establish clinical relevance, the hypoglycemia needs documentation in the home setting with measurements of blood glucose during a postpradial symptomatic episode. The reactive hypoglycemic patients are frequently confused with patients with underlying psychiatric illness. Both syndromes are similar, with adrenergic-mediated symptoms and a common characteristic personality as noted on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) testing. Patients with bona fide meal-related reactive hypoglycemia should be treated primarily with dietary restriction of refined carbohydrates; other patients may require medications.
Aging Impairs Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Function (2009)

This study investigated the influence of age on the functional status of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice aged 3 and 18 months. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from aged animals will exhibit a decreased respiratory function. Mitochondrial respiratory functional measures (ie, State 3 and 4 respiration, respiratory control ratio and number of nanomoles of ADP phosphorylated by nanomoles of O(2) consumed per mitochondrion) and biochemical markers of oxidative damage (aconitase activity, protein carbonyl derivatives, sulfhydryl groups, and malondialdehyde) were measured in isolated mitochondrial suspensions. Along with traditional tests of mitochondrial function, an in vitro repetitive ADP-stimulation test was used to evaluate the mitochondrial capacity to reestablish the homeostatic balance between successive ADP stimulations. The number of mitochondria per mitochondrial suspension, calculated by transmission electron microscopy, was used to normalize functional and biochemical data. Our results confirm the existence of an age-associated decline in mitochondrial function of mixed skeletal muscle, which is significantly correlated with higher levels of mitochondrial oxidative damage.
Sex attractant in the marine insect Trochopus plumbeus (Heteroptera:Veliidae):a preliminary report (1998)

We present evidence of sex-attracting sub-less, probably an adaptation to their marine habitat stances produced by males of the marine insect T r o c h o ~u s (Andersen & Polhemus 1976). They are predators and plumbeus. This small veliid is widely d~stributed in the feed on other snlaU insects or invertebrates caught on Caribbean. Large numbers were found in the mangrove areas of several islands in the Bahamas. Field assays using live the water surface (L. Cheng perS. ohs.). How these insects and extracts demonstrated that females were highly insects find one another and mate in their ever-chang-0 Inter-Research 1998
압흔 주위 변형 양상 분석을 통한 구조용 강의 Luders strain 평가 (2000)

The continuous indentation test was used to evaluate Lu¨ders strain of various steels such as ultra-fine grained steels and AISI 1020 steels. Inhomogeneous pile-up deformation in the indentation test could be related to Lu¨ders strain in tensile test. The pile-up deformation could be characterized as a localized flow phenomena. We analyzed the pile-up area as the parameter of Lu¨ders strain, and described the pile-up amount more quantitatively by considering the relation between plastic-zone size and pile-up radius. Finally, we derived the master curve for some steels, which included the ratio of elastic modulus to hardness as plastic-zone size. For various steels in this study, the values of Lu¨ders strain obtained from the master curve are consistent with those measured from the tensile test.
Characteristics of Mechanical Properties on 600MPa Grade TRIP Steel Using the Various Shielding Gases in the GMAW (2012)

1990년대 자동차 산업에 있어 최대 관심사는 엔진 개발을 통한 최대의 연료 효율을 확보하고 자동차의 무게를 증가시켜 안전성과 편안함을 개선하고 차량 사용에 있어 기능적인 부분을 부가하는 것이었다. 하지만, 최근 전 세계적인 에너지 및 환경규제 등의 문제가 대두되기 시작하면서 일본, 유럽 등지에서 법제화를 통해 자동차 중량을 감소시키는 것이 큰 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 자동차에 있어 무게를 줄이게 되면 차량의 연비를 줄일 수 있으며, 배기가스 배출을 감소시키게 되어 화석연료의 소비 감소 및 환경오염 방지에 큰 역할을 할 수가 있다. 반면 자동차의 안전성, 편의성 등을 바라는 다양한 소비자의 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 많은 장치들을 자동차에 추가 장착함으로써 자동차의 중량은 증가하게 되었다. 따라서 이러한 상반되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 철강 소재에서 마그네슘 합금, 알루미늄 합금, 플라스틱 등의 가벼운 비철합금 소재의 사용이 제안되고 있으나 가격, 안전성, 내구성 등의 문제로 그 사용은 제한되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 자동차구조용 소재는 안전성 및 내구성을 위해 높은 강도와 연성을 동시에 확보하고 있는 고장력강재의 사용이 증가하고 있다. DP 강, TRIP 강, CP 강, Hot-stamping 강 등 600MPa부터 1,500MPa까지 다양한 강도의 강재들이 차체 제작에 있어 사용되고 있다
Design of multi-sensors energy efficient reconfigurable embedded systems (2008)

While the gravimetric energy density is continuously growing up by the battery manufacturers, the embedded systems designers have to consider a lot of issues to fulfill the power consumption requirements. Wireless sensor nodes (WSN) are typically equipped with a battery, sensors and communication devices. The use of WSN and their design benefits from the development of the communication protocols and the generalization of radio standards. Manufacturers propose their own WSN platforms using radio transmission for a lot of different applications. According to the low speed improvement of the energy density of the batteries, developers are concerned about how to reduce the overall power consumption of the systems they propose. To reach this goal, many techniques can be used at the design. This article discusses some of these techniques and describes their practical implementation in the case of multi-sensors reconfigurable platforms.
MBR focus: is submerged best? (2005)

The energy and space-saving characteristics of submerged membrane bioreactors have prompted many to view them as the most efficient and cost effective wastewater treatment technology. But there are equally viable alternatives, argues Ronald van 't Oever of Netherlands-based X-Flow.
Substitution reaction of dicyandiamide in the presence of phase transfer catalyst (1996)

Dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidine) is widely used in the syntheses of melamine and medicines such as barbiturates and guanidine derivatives. However, the substitution reaction of dicyandiamide, particularly the tetra substitution reaction, has not been reported so far. We report here the substitution reaction of dicyandiamide in the presence of phase transfer catalyst.
ASTRONOMY (2009)

In the early Church, in view of the doctrine so prominent in the New Testament, that the earth was soon to be destroyed, and that there were to be “new heavens and a new earth,” astronomy, like other branches of science, was generally looked upon as futile. Why study the old heavens and the old earth, when they were so soon to be replaced with something infinitely better? This feeling appears in St. Augustine's famous utterance, “What concern is it to me whether the heavens as a sphere inclose the earth in the middle of the world or overhang it on either side?”
Dimensional Analysis and Dissipation Rate Estimation in the Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder (2014)

A particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment is performed for dissipation rate estimation in the near wake behind a circular cylinder with diameter D of 12 mm and corresponding Reynolds number of 7100. Considering the limitation of PIV resolution, a large eddy PIV method based on idea of large eddy simulation (LES), is used for more accurate estimation of dissipation rate. Based on the dynamic equilibrium assumption in the inertial subrange, the dissipation rate of the subgrid scales is approximated by the subgrid scale (SGS) flux, computed from PIV velocity fields and Smagorinsky model for SGS stress. A dimensional analysis about the integral length scale and the Kolmogorov length scale is discussed firstly to verify whether the dynamic equilibrium assumption holds or not.
Impact of gut microbiota on gut‐distal autoimmunity: a focus on T cells (2018)

The immune system is essential for maintaining a delicate balance between eliminating pathogens and maintaining tolerance to self-tissues to avoid autoimmunity. An enormous and complex community of gut microbiota provides essential health benefits to the host, particularly by regulating immune homeostasis. Many of the metabolites derived from commensals can impact host health by directly regulating the immune system. Many autoimmune diseases arise from an imbalance between pathogenic effector T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Recent interest has emerged in understanding how cross-talk between gut microbiota and the host immune system promotes autoimmune development by controlling the differentiation and plasticity of T helper and Treg cells. At the molecular level, our recent study, along with others, demonstrates that asymptomatic colonization by commensal bacteria in the gut is capable of triggering autoimmune disease by molecular mimicking self-antigen and skewing the expression of dual T-cell receptors on T cells. Dysbiosis, an imbalance of the gut microbiota, is involved in autoimmune development in both mice and humans. Although it is well known that dysbiosis can impact diseases occurring within the gut, growing literature suggests that dysbiosis also causes the development of gut-distal/non-gut autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the potential molecular mechanisms whereby gut microbiota induces autoimmunity, and the evidence that the gut microbiota triggers gut-distal autoimmune diseases.
Map transformations of geographic space (1961)

Many geographic and economic models of human behavior in a spatial context indicate that the measuring rod of the geodesist or surveyor is less relevant than a scaling of distance in temporal or monetary units. It is necessary to take into account not only the shape of the earth but also the realities of transportation on this surface. Automobiles, trains, airplanes, and other media of transport can be considered to have the effect of modifying distances- measured in temporal or monetary units- in a complicated manner. Different distance relations, however, can be interpreted as different types of geometry. A geographically natural approach is to attempt to map this geometry to a plane, in a manner similar to the preparation of maps of the terrestrial surface. If the transformations were dependent only on a factor of proportionality, as in the conversion from miles to kilometers, there would be no difficulty. The facts are considerably more complex. The geometry with which we must deal is rarely Euclidean, and it is, in general, impossible to prepare a plane map preserving all distance relations, just as isometric transformations of a spherical surface to a plane are not possible. Maps preserving distance relations from one point are easily achieved, however, whatever the units of measurement.
Fatiguability and Fibre Composition of Human Skeletal Muscle (1976)

The fatiguability of the quadriceps muscle was investigated in 10 male subjects (25-40 yrs), with inter-individual differences in fibre composition of their vastus lateralis muscles (range 25-65% fast twitch, FT, muscle fibres). Fatiguability was assessed as the decline in maximal force (in % of initial values) with 50 repeated isokinetic knee-extensions at fast angular velocity (3.14 rad/s). Each contraction lasted 0.5 s and the rest periods were about 0.7 s. Every subject was tested on two occasions and the standard deviation for a single determination of fatiguability was 1.4%. The decline in force after 50 contractions was on the average about 45%. The individual values varied, however, and a linear correlation was present between fatiguability and % FT fibres (r = 0.86, p less than 0.01). It was concluded that development of fatigue in human skeletal muscle performing repeated fast dynamic contractions with maximal effort was most marked in muscles with a high proportion FT fibres. This finding was in conformity with earlier results from animal skeletal muscle preparations.
Subsensitivity of bronchodilator and systemic beta 2 adrenoceptor responses after regular twice daily treatment with eformoterol dry powder in asthmatic patients. (1995)

Regular twice daily eformoterol dry powder may produce bronchodilator subsensitivity in terms of both peak and duration of response to cumulative repeated doses of eformoterol. Systemic beta 2-mediated adverse effects also showed tolerance, which was mirrored by downregulation of lymphocyte beta 2 adrenoceptors.