gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human evoked potentials (EP's) reveal central masking events (1986)

Physiological explanations of human masking usually begin and end with hypothetical mechanical interactions of Bekesy waves at the basilar membrane level, although the coexistence of central neural events has often been postulated. We have simultaneously extracted two scalp-recorded EP's—the auditory brain stem (ABR) and the 40-Hz steady-state (SSR) responses—during stimulation with white noise and monaural clicks of fixed intensity. In the ipsilateral, or direct masking situation, the amplitude of ABR wave V (latency about 6 ms) and that of the SSR (latency perhaps 35–50 ms) both decline as the noise level increases, but with somewhat different slopes. When exactly the same noise sequence is delivered to the contralateral ear, ABR wave V is unchanged, whereas the SSR progressively declines to around 50% of its control size. The results indicate that during masking the neural activity initiated by either ipsi- or contralateral noise interacts centrally with any stimulus-related neural activity delivered to the brain by the auditory nerve. [Work supported by NIH.]
Role of Insulin and Serum on Thyrotropin Regulation of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 and Pax-8 Genes Expression in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells (2000)

Thyrotropin (TSH), via its cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signal, decreases thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene expression in FRTL-5 thyroid cells, whereas it increases expression of the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene. Despite the opposite effects of TSH on TSHR and Tg expression, both genes are positively controlled by thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and evidence has accumulated that TSH can decrease TTF-1 mRNA levels. In this report, we further characterize the action of TSH on TTF-1 in order to understand its different activities on the TSHR and Tg genes better. The effect of TSH on the TSHR requires the presence of insulin and serum and we show here that also both factors are necessary for the TSH effect to decrease TTF-1 mRNA levels. The decrease is paralleled by a downregulation of TTF-1 protein levels as well as by a decrease in TTF-1/DNA complex when the TTF-1 site of the TSHR promoter was used as probe. Again, the decrease requires insulin and serum. The TSH downregulation of TTF-1 mRNA levels is due to a decrease in its transcription rate. Using a luciferase-linked chimera construct spanning 5.18 kb of the TTF-1 5'-flanking region, we show that TSH decreases TTF-1 promoter activity and that this effect depends on insulin and serum. These data contrast with the action of TSH on Tg and Pax-8 gene expression. TSH increases Pax-8 mRNA levels and the increase is evident whether insulin and serum are present or not. Moreover, this increase is paralleled by an increase in Pax-8 protein binding to an oligonucleotide derived from the C site of the Tg promoter, which can bind both TTF-1 and Pax-8. The present data thus show that TTF-1 gene expression is interdependently regulated by TSH and serum growth factors including insulin. They also show this interdependent-regulation is not duplicated in the case of Pax-8. We suggest that these differences may contribute to the distinct ability of TSH to regulate TSHR versus Tg gene expression in FRLT-5 thyroid cells.
Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Pterosin Z and Related Compounds (1999)

The natural products pterosin Z, acetylpterosin Z, originally from the fern Pteridium aquilinum, and their isopterosin analogues have been synthesized and their smooth muscle relaxation activity has been measured. All of the test compounds show activity with pterosin Z being the most active (EC50 = 1.3 +/- 0.1 x 10(-6) M), exhibiting 100 times the activity reported for the related fern metabolites onitin (EC50 = 1 x 10(-4) M), onotisin (EC50 = 2 x 10(-3) M) and otninoside (EC50 = 7 x 10(-4) M). The smooth muscle relaxant activity of pterosin Z is approximately equipotent with that of the related fungal pterosin (EC50 of 2.9 +/- 1.6 x 10(-6) M). These results suggest that smooth muscle relaxant activity is reduced when a phenol group is present in the pterosin nucleus and when one of the dimethyl groups is derivatized.
Rat C‐reactive protein activates the autologous complement system (2003)

Activation of complement is a biological function of human C-reactive protein (hCRP), whereas rat CRP (rCRP) has been claimed to be unable to activate complement. As important biological functions of proteins are probably conserved among species, we re-evaluated, using various ligands, the capability of rCRP to activate complement. The activation of complement by hCRP and rCRP was investigated in solid- and fluid-phase systems. In the solid-phase system, purified CRP was fixed to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates and incubated with human or rat recalcified plasma. Dose-dependent binding of human and rat C3 and C4 was observed to human and rat CRP, respectively. In the fluid-phase system, recalcified rat plasma, which contains about 500 mg/l of CRP, or human plasma supplemented with hCRP, were incubated with lyso-phosphatidylcholine. A dose-dependent activation of complement was observed upon incubation with this ligand, as reflected by the generation of activated C4 as well as of CRP-complement complexes. This activation was, in both cases, inhibited by preincubation of plasma with p-aminophosphorylcholine, a specific inhibitor of the interaction of CRP with its ligands, or by chelation of calcium ions. We conclude that rat CRP, similarly to human CRP, can activate autologous complement. These results support the notion that opsonization of ligands with complement is an important biological function of CRP.
Simultaneous Determination of Sedecamycin and Terdecamycin in Livestock Products by LC/MS (2008)

A simple and rapid LC/MS method for simultaneous determination of sedecamyin (SCM) and terdecamycin (TDM) in livestock products has been developed. SCM and TDM were extracted with acetonitrile. The extract was washed with n-hexane and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol, and injected into the LC/MS. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. LC separation was performed on a high-pH-resistant C18 column with 10 mmol/L carbonic acid-ammonia buffer (pH 10.0)-acetonitrile as a mobile pahse. The recoveries from swine muscle and liver fortified at the levels of 0.01 and 0.05 microg/g were 77-88%, and those from poultry muscle and liver fortified at the levels of 0.01 and 0.3 microg/g were 51-93%. The quantitation limits of SCM and TDM were 0.008 microg/g and 0.005 microg/g, respectively.
C URRENT OPINION Sporadic inclusion body myositis: new insights and potential therapy (2014)

Summary Recent important advances have occurred in IBM. These advances, including recent and ongoing clinical trials, may lead to earlier diagnosis and improved understanding and treatment of the disease. Despite improved knowledge, IBM continues to be a puzzling disease and the pathogenesis remains to be clarified. An interdisciplinary, bench to bedside translational research approach is crucial for the successful identification of novel treatments for this debilitating, currently untreatable disorder.
Investigation of Potassium Dinitrobenzofuroxan (KDNBF) to Provide Data Necessary for the Preparation of a Military Specification (1970)

Research has defined the critical properties of KDNBF (commonly known as potassium dinitrobenzo -furoxan, but more accurately designated as potassium 4, 6 dinitro- 7 hydroxy-7 hydro-benzofuroxan), established a self-checking testing procedure, and set tolerances which can be used as a basis for a rigorous military specification. KDNBF's of both particularly high and low purity and quality were tested, concurrently with KDNBF's obtained from three commercial sources to provide a broad diversity of data. The functioning of KDNBF was defined from pressure-time traces obtained from firings in a 1- ml(milliliter) pressure bomb, and it was related to purity as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. The thermal stability, as measured by differential thermal analysis and gas evolution at 120C, also was related to KDNBF purity and function. A specific test based on solubility in methanol was devised to detect contamination of KDNBF by a hydrolysis decomposition product and, in addition, storage under absolute methanol in sealed containers was recommended. Of secondary importance were tests related to color, form, granulation, and bulk density, which were used mainly to describe a form of KDNBF suitable for use in automatic-loading machinery. The manufacturing parameters for KDNBF were systematically varied and a recommended process of manufacture is presented.
Clinical and microbiological study on effectiveness and usefulness of LS-007 for periodontitis. (1988)

塩酸ミノサイクリン (MINO) を2% (力価) 含有する歯周炎局所治療剤 (LS-007) を歯周ポケットに1週間隔で4回連続して投与する群と, 2週間隔で3回連続して投与する群の二群に分け, 46名の歯周炎患者に投与し, その臨床的有効性, 安全性, 有用性ならびに細菌学的効果を検討した。その結果, 両群ともに歯肉炎指数, ポケットの深さなどの臨床症状がLS-007投与後に有意な改善を示すのと同時に, 歯周ポケット内に生息するB. gingivalisをはじめとした歯周病原性細菌であるとされているものを効果的に消失せしめた。また, 安全性では軽度の不快感が1例に認められたのみであった。一方, それらの細菌に対するMINOおよび他の抗生物質のMICを測定した結果, MINOは他剤よりも強く幅広い抗菌性を有することを認めた。以上の結果より, LS-007は歯周炎治療において臨床的ならびに細菌学的に有効かつ安全で有用性の高い製剤であることが確認できた。
4, 4′, 5′‐TRIMETHYL‐8‐AZAPSORALEN, A NEW‐PHOTOREACTIVE AND NON‐SKIN‐PHOTOTOXIC BIFUNCTIONAL BIOISOSTER OF PSORALEN (1991)

Photochemical and photobiological properties of a new isoster of psoralen, 4,4',5'-trimethyl-8-azapsoralen (4,4',5'-TMAP), have been studied. This compound shows a high DNA-photobinding rate, higher than that of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), forming both monoadducts and inter-strand cross-links. The yield of cross-links, however, is markedly lower than that of 8-MOP. Antiproliferative activity of 4,4',5'-TMAP, in terms of DNA synthesis inhibition in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, is higher than that of 8-MOP. Mutagenic activity on E. coli WP2 R46+ cells appeared similar to or even lower than that of 8-MOP. This new compound applied on depilated guinea pig skin and irradiated with UVA did not show any skin-phototoxicity. On the basis of these properties 4,4',5'-TMAP appears to be a potential photochemotherapeutic agent.
High-brightness, high-efficiency, single-quantum-well laser diode array (1987)

Single-quantum-well, separate-confinement double-heterostructure laser diode arrays which exhibit a high power conversion efficiency of greater than 54% have been demonstrated. The high efficiency results from a low internal loss of 3cm1 and high internal conversion efficiency. The maximum output power for a 100μm emitting aperture is 2 W CW and is independent of the cavity length.
Incidence of Campylobacter in crops of preharvest market-age broiler chickens (1998)

Previous research has identified cecal and intestinal contents as sources for Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses in the processing plant. During the present study, we evaluated the crop contents of preharvest market-age broilers as a potential reservoir of field-derived Campylobacter in the processing plant. Crops were collected aseptically from 40 randomly selected market-age broilers in each of nine commercial broiler flocks. Ceca were collected from broilers in six of the same flocks for comparison with the crop samples. The presence of Campylobacter in the crops and ceca was determined by enrichment culture in Bolton broth followed by culture on Campy-Ceflex plates. Campylobacter was isolated from the crop contents of broilers in seven of the nine flocks and from the cecal contents in three of six flocks. The incidence of Campylobacter-positive crop samples among all birds evaluated (224/359; 62%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the number of positive cecal samples (9/240; 4%). The results indicate that the incidence of Campylobacter contamination of crop contents may exceed that of the cecal contents by as much as 37-fold in some broiler flocks, and may represent a critical preprocessing control point in reducing Campylobacter entry into the processing plant.
Letters to the Editor (1981)

Our report1 clearly documents prolonged mucosal atrophy in infants with intractable diarrhea of infancy. We feel that this highlights the pathophysiology of the diarrhea and accounts for the malabsorptive state which leads to malnutrition in many infants. In their letter, Drs Byrne and Euler focus on a tangential isue. We are aware of the limitations of the use of the small intestinal biopsy and recognize that disaccharidase activities are not absolute in predicting the clinical response of a given infant to a certain disaccharide-containing formula.
The use of RAPD markers in<i>Hordeum</i>phylogeny (1996)

The phylogenetic relationships among 39 wild Hordeum species, subspecies, and cultivated barley were investigated using RAPD markers as discriminating characters. Seventy-six RAPD fragments were generated using 12 single decameric primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequences. Amplification reactions resulted in fragments ranging in length between 200 and 2000 bp. Clearly resolved bands were scored for their presence or absence in a binary matrix. Amplified products were treated as independent characters to generate a phenogram using the NTSYS-PC package. Tree topology was generally found to be consistent with those based on morphological treatments. However, a few species like H. erectifolium, H. jubatum and, to a lesser extent, H. bulbosum occupied a position different from previous classifications. The results demonstrated that RAPD technology represents a useful and reliable tool for detecting polymorphism for phylogenetic studies. Key words : RAPD analysis, molecular markers, phylogenetic studies, Hordeum species, barley.
The Statistical Properties of Host Load (Extended Version) (1999)

Understanding how host load changes over time is instrumental in predicting the execution time of tasks or jobs, such as in dynamic load balancing and distributed soft real-time systems.To improve this understanding, we collected week-long, 1 Hz resolution traces of the Digital Unix 5 second exponential load average on over 35 different machines including production and research cluster machines, compute servers, and desktop workstations.Separate sets of traces were collected at two different times of the year.The traces capture all of the dynamic load information available to userlevel programs on these machines.We present a detailed statistical analysis of these traces here, including summary statistics, distributions, and time series analysis results.Two significant new results are that load is self-similar and that it displays epochal behavior.All of the traces exhibit a high degree of self-similarity with Hurst parameters ranging from 0.73 to 0.99, strongly biased toward the top of that range.The traces also display epochal behavior in that the local frequency content of the load signal remains quite stable for long periods of time (150-450 seconds mean) and changes abruptly at epoch boundaries.Despite these complex behaviors, we have found that relatively simple linear models are sufficient for short-range host load prediction.
MEF/ELF4 transactivation by E2F1 is inhibited by p53 (2010)

Myeloid elf-1-like factor (MEF) or Elf4 is an E-twenty-six (ETS)-related transcription factor with strong transcriptional activity that influences cellular senescence by affecting tumor suppressor p53. MEF downregulates p53 expression and inhibits p53-mediated cellular senescence by transcriptionally activating MDM2. However, whether p53 reciprocally opposes MEF remains unexplored. Here, we show that MEF is modulated by p53 in human cells and mice tissues. MEF expression and promoter activity were suppressed by p53. While we found that MEF promoter does not contain p53 response elements, intriguingly, it contains E2F consensus sites. Subsequently, we determined that E2F1 specifically binds to MEF promoter and transactivates MEF. Nevertheless, E2F1 DNA binding and transactivation of MEF promoter was inhibited by p53 through the association between p53 and E2F1. Furthermore, we showed that activation of p53 in doxorubicin-induced senescent cells increased E2F1 and p53 interaction, diminished E2F1 recruitment to MEF promoter and reduced MEF expression. These observations suggest that p53 downregulates MEF by associating with and inhibiting the binding activity of E2F1, a novel transcriptional activator of MEF. Together with previous findings, our present results indicate that a negative regulatory mechanism exists between p53 and MEF.
Correction: The impact of tackle football injuries on the American healthcare system with a neurological focus (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195827.].
Zur Problematik der Mechanochemie und der Einfluß von Rührvorgängen auf Reaktionen in flüssigen molekular- und hochmolekulardispersen Systemen (1966)

Article Zur Problematik der Mechanochemie und der Einfluß von Rührvorgängen auf Reaktionen in flüssigen molekular- und hochmolekulardispersen Systemen was published on July 1, 1966 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 232O, issue 1).
Smart filters: from VIS/NIR to MW/LWIR protection (2014)

New development of imaging systems implies the use of multi band wavelength, VIS and IR, for imaging enhancement and more data presenting. Some of those systems, such as <see spot<, are designed for applications requiring in plus, the ability to see the aiming point of a laser designator. The use of a designating laser to assist in target identification and tracking can unintentionally result in a laser beam reflected back into the sensor, leading to transient dazzling or permanent damage of the sensor. We propose a novel passive Wideband Protection Filter (WPF) that blocks the transmission only if the power exceeds a certain threshold. We present a special design of WPF suitable for dual- and multi- band wavelength range, including transmission and functionality performances. We demonstrate a new design transferring our WPF filter from VIS/NIR into the MW/LWIR.
Intensity of eccentric exercise, shift of optimum angle, and the magnitude of repeated-bout effect (2006)

This study compared the effect of four different intensities of initial eccentric exercise (ECC1) on optimum angle shift and extent of muscle damage induced by subsequent maximal eccentric exercise. Fifty-two male students were placed into 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% groups (n = 13 per group), performing 30 eccentric actions of the elbow flexors of 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% of maximal isometric strength [maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] for ECC1, followed 2-3 wk later by a similar exercise (ECC2) that used 100% MVC load. MVC at six elbow joint angles, range of motion, upper arm circumference, serum creatine kinase activity, myoglobin concentration, and muscle soreness were measured before and for 5 days following ECC1 and ECC2. A rightward shift of optimum angle following ECC1 was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the 100% and 80% than for the 60% and 40% groups, and it decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from immediately to 5 days postexercise. By the time ECC2 was performed, only the 100% group kept a significant shift (4 degrees). Changes in most of the criterion measures following ECC1 were significantly greater for the 100% and 80% groups compared with the 60% and 40% groups. Changes in the criterion measures following ECC2 were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the 40% group compared with other groups. Although the magnitude of repeated bout effect following ECC2 was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller for the 40% and 60% groups, all groups showed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced changes in criterion measures following ECC2 compared with the ECC1 100% bout. We conclude that the repeated-bout effect was not dependent on the shift of optimum angle.
Simultaneous Identification of the Initial Rotor Position and Electrical Parameters of a PMSM for a Haptic Interface (2006)

A haptic system consists in an articulated mechanical structure with motors and position sensors, as well as embedded electronics allowing force feedback. It is driven by a haptic interface, which enables the user to interact with an image in a virtual reality application, through the sense of touch. This paper presents a simple identification protocol using inverse models and least-squares techniques. It simultaneously estimates the initial motor/encoder setting angle essential to obtain the best dynamic behavior of the system and the electrical parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous machine driving the interface. This identification is necessary in the case of unknown parameters to achieve a robust control strategy of the overall system in terms of transparency and stiffness
Detection of fecal contamination on apples with nanosecond-scale time-resolved imaging of laser-induced fluorescence (2005)

Detection of apples contaminated with feces is a public health concern. We found that time-resolved imaging of apples artificially contaminated with feces allowed optimization of timing parameters for detection. Dairy feces were applied to Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples. Laser-induced fluorescence responses were imaged by use of a gated intensified camera. We developed algorithms to automatically detect contamination iteratively by using one half of the apples and validated them by applying the optimized algorithms to the remaining apples. Results show that consideration of the timing of fluorescence responses to pulsed-laser excitation can enhance detection of feces on apples.
Electrostatically driven micro-optical switching device based on interference of light and evanescent coupling (2002)

Two types of electrostatically driven optical switching devices have been developed in this paper. An interferometric optical switching device realizes selective wavelength filtering by the interference of lightwaves between two half mirrors. Also, an evanescent coupling surface-output optical switching device realizes on-off switching by evanescent coupling and physical contact. Their basic characteristics are experimentally evaluated. By integrating these devices on a substrate, switching devices with wavelength filtering and on-off switching are proposed.
Effects of Nitrogen on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of <i>Clematis vitalba</i> Grown at Several Irradiances (1997)

Effects of nitrogen supply (N-supply) on the photosynthetic apparatus of Clematis vitalba L. grown at several irradiances were determined by measuring soluble protein content, rubisco activity, photosynthetic pigment content and composition, and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( F v/ F m). Compared to low irradiance (3 and 10% full sunlight), leaves grown at higher irradiance (up to full sunlight) had up to 5–6 times the soluble protein content and rubisco activity, and up to 2–4 times the total carotenoid content, on both a leaf area and a chlorophyll basis. On a leaf area basis, decreased N-supply reduced soluble protein concentration, rubisco activity and total carotenoid concentration to a greater extent at high compared to low irradiance. On a chlorophyll basis, in contrast, soluble protein and rubisco activity decreased by over 40% with increased N-supply (1.0–0.1 mol m-3) at high irradiance but N-supply did not influence the concentration of total carotenoids. Leaves grown at high compared to low irradiance had a greater concentration of xanthophyll cycle pigments (V+A+Z), β-carotene and lutein (but not neoxanthin) on a chlorophyll basis, and a slightly lower F v/ F m. Nitrogen- supply did not influence the composition of the photosynthetic pigment pool, F v/ F m, or the extent of de-epoxidation of the V+A+Z pool. The results suggest that irradiance-acclimation of C. vitalba can occur regardless of N-supply. Under N limitation at high irradiance, a balance between light capture and photosynthetic capacity is important rather than an increase in xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation. The importance of lutein as a light-harvesting pigment is questioned. A rapid method for the reversed phase-HPLC separation of carotenoids is described.