gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-State Hybrid Spintronics–Straintronics for Ultra-Low Power Computing (2017)

This chapter provides an overview of extremely energy-efficient multiferroic nanomagnetic switches, comprising piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layers. Dipole coupling between such Bennett-clocked nanomagnetic switches was also shown to propagate information unidirectionally along a chain while dissipating a few 100 kT/bit at a ~1 GHz clock rate. The piezoelectric layer (PZT) of the multiferroic nanomagnet was 40 nm thick and the magnetostrictive layer (Terfenol-D) was 6 nm thick. Bennett clocking was implemented by applying tiny rectangular voltage pulses of ~15 mV amplitude across the piezoelectric layer of the multiferroic nanomagnet that generated strain and rotated the magnetization of the magnetostrictive layer by ~90°. Transistors switch by moving electrical charge into or out of their active regions. Neuromorphic hardware implemented with transistors and other charge-based devices like memristors have been stymied by the difficulty of implementing synapses with low power consumption.
Temporal and spatial investigation of 6 H-SiC by picosecond pulse excitation (1995)

Sensitive linear and nonlinear optical methods of picosecond transient reflectivity, fluorescence, and second harmonic generation in reflection are applied for spatial and temporal characterization of 6 H-SiC. Two different substrate crystals grown by the Lely method and a 5 μm thick layer grown by liquid phase epitaxy are tested. High spatial resolution time-resolved measurements reveal a significant variation of the effective carrier lifetime on a nanosecond time scale, related to the random distribution of crystal imperfections. Second harmonic generation (SHG) in reflection measurements reveals pronounced structural and crystalline quality differences of the tested samples. The roles of non-equilibrium carrier radiative, nonradiative, and enhanced surface recombination processes are discussed on the basis of the experimental data.
Lattice vibrations in compounds crystallising with the baryte structure (1996)

The observation that the baryte structure [Pnma(D162h)] results from a distortion of a structure with lower unit cell occupancy [Imma(D282h)] provides, for compounds crystallising with this lattice, a symmetry-based model for the assignment of the lattice vibrations at k= 0 in which relative band intensities are used as assignment criteria.
Direct and Safe Synthesis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> from O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> Using Fuel Cell Reactors (2014)

Direct synthesis of H2O2 aqueous solutions from O2 and H2 using a fuel cell reactor was reviewed. H2O2 can be catalytically produced by electrochemical reaction without external electrical supply. New electrocatalysts and four types of fuel cell reactors were designed and developed to achieve higher performance of H2O2 formation, ex. an Au-mesh cathode and a type-1 reactor for H2O2/HCl aq. solutions, a heat-treated Mn–porphyrin/activated-carbon cathode and a type-2 reactor for H2O2/H2SO4 aq. solutions, a vapor-grown-carbon-fiber (VGCF) cathode and a type-3 reactor for H2O2/NaOH aq. solutions, and a heat-treated Co–porphyrin/VGCF cathode and a type-4 reactor for pure H2O2 aq. solutions. These studies indicated that synergy of selective electrocatalysis of the cathode and three-phase boundary of O2 (gas phase), electrocatalyst (solid phase) and electrolyte (liquid phase) were essential for the efficient reduction of O2 to H2O2. Therefore, direct synthesis of a pure H2O2 aq. solution of over 4.0 mol dm−3 was achieved with a good current efficiency of 42 %.
Swing motion control of casting manipulation (experiment of swing motion control) (2002)

We have been developing a casting manipulator which includes a flexible string in the link mechanism in order to enlarge the work space of the manipulator. Like the casting motion of fly fishing, the necessary motion of the gripper, which is attached at the end of the string, is generated by swinging a rigid link The gripper is thrown to the target by releasing the string at the suitable time. In this paper we deal with the basic swing motion control of the casting manipulator. We describe a method of oscillating the casting manipulator by considering it as a two-degrees-of-freedom nonholonomic system By planning a time-periodic reference for the second joint while controlling the first joint, the desired swing motion of the system can be generated. The method was evaluated by comparing the results of numerical simulation and those of experiments using the casting manipulator hardware.
Polyglutamine aggregates alter protein folding homeostasis in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2000)

Expansion of polyglutamine repeats in several unrelated proteins causes neurodegenerative diseases with distinct but related pathologies. To provide a model system for investigating common pathogenic features, we have examined the behavior of polyglutamine expansions expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans. The expression of polyglutamine repeats as green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion proteins in body wall muscle cells causes discrete cytoplasmic aggregates that appear early in embryogenesis and correlates with a delay in larval to adult development. The heat shock response is activated idiosyncratically in individual cells in a polyglutamine length-dependent fashion. The toxic effect of polyglutamine expression and the formation of aggregates can be reversed by coexpression of the yeast chaperone Hsp104. The altered homeostasis associated with polyglutamine aggregates causes both the sequestration of an otherwise soluble protein with shorter arrays of glutamine repeats and the relocalization of a nuclear glutamine-rich protein. These observations of induced aggregation and relocalization have implications for disorders involving protein aggregation.
Feeding habits of hatchery-reared young Mekong giant catfish in a fish pond and in Mae peum reservoir (2005)

Organized by Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University ; JSPS Bangkok Liaison Office ; Japanese Society of Bio-logging Science ; Informatics Research Center for Development of Knowledge Society Infrastructure
Determinants of workplace violence against clinical physicians in hospitals (2015)

This study found that workplace violence was associated with job demands and the workplace safety climate. Therefore, determining how to develop a workplace safety climate and ensure a safe job environment for physicians is a crucial management policy issue for health-care systems.
Multiple gated InAs dot ensembles (1999)

We adapt a multiple gating technology to characterize electrically an ensemble of “self-assembled” InAs dots embedded in a plane within an Al0.20Ga0.80As tunneling barrier. Although the μm-sized mesa incorporates several hundred dots, we find that only a few of them contribute to the current close to threshold. Gating allows us to probe the origin of the sharp current peaks, and we can classify these peaks into families in a simple way according to their gate voltage dependence.
ORAL PROGESTATIONAL ACTIVITY OF SPIRONOLACTONE<sup>1</sup> (1978)

Spironolactone has progestational activity in the rabbit and rhesus monkey. It produced glandular development in the endometrium of the estrogen-primed immature female rabbit over the dosage range of 50 to 200 mg/kg and, at 400 mg/monkey, it delayed estrogen-withdrawal bleeding in ovariectomized monkeys and it inhibited menstruation in regularly cycling monkeys. These data are consistent with the menstrual irregularity and amenorrhea seen in women during treatment with spironolactone.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipoxygenase products in bovine corneal epithelium by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry with an ion trap (2000)

Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectra of 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic (HPETE), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), and ketoeicosatetraenoic (KETE) acids were recorded. The HPETE were partly dehydrated to the corresponding KETE in the heated capillary of the mass spectrometer. 12-HPETE and 15-HPETE were also converted to KETE by collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the ion trap, whereas CID of 5-HPETE yielded little formation of 5-KETE. Subcellular fractions of bovine corneal epithelium were incubated with arachidonic acid (AA) and the metabolites were analyzed. 15-HETE and 12-HETE were consistently formed, whereas significant accumulation of HPETE and KETE was not detected. Biosynthesis of 12- and 15-HETE was quantified with octadeuterated 12-HETE and 15-HETE as internal standards. The average biosynthesis of 15-HETE and 12-HETE from 30 microM AA by the cytosol was 38 +/- 8 and below 3 ng/mg protein/30 min, respectively, which increased to 78 +/- 21 and 10 +/- 4 ng/mg protein/30 min in the presence of 1 mM free Ca2+. The microsomal biosynthesis was unaffected by Ca2+. The microsomes metabolized AA to 15-HETE as the main metabolite at a low protein concentration (0.3 mg/mL), whereas 12-HETE and 15-HETE were formed in a 2:1 ratio at a combined rate of 0.7 +/- 0.2 microg/mg protein/30 min at a high protein concentration (1.8 mg/mL). The level of 12-HETE in corneal epithelial cells was 50 +/- 13 pg/mg tissue, whereas the endogenous amount of 15-HETE was low or undetectable (<3 pg/mg tissue). Incubation of corneas for 20 min at 37 degrees C before processing selectively increased the amounts of 12-HETE in the epithelium fourfold to approximately 0.2 ng/mg tissue. We conclude that 12-HETE is the main endogenously formed lipoxygenase product of bovine corneal epithelium.
Overhauser Effect in Asphalt Solutions (1959)

We have discovered that solutions of asphalt in a suitable solvent will show an Overhauser effect. The effect is qualitatively similar to that in crude oil. It arises from a dipolar interaction between the unpaired spins in the asphaltic free radicals, and the protons of the solvent molecules. The contribution to proton relaxation from the asphalt is a linear function of asphalt concentration. The function relating proton signal enhancement to electron saturating rf field strength is found to vary with asphalt concentration. A plot of enhancement versus electron-stimulating frequency at constant H0 yields a curve similar to the EPR absorption line. The large size of the asphalt radicals does not appear to have any direct significance with respect to the Overhauser interaction.
Titanium‐Mediated Stereoselective Knoevenagel Condensation of Ethyl (Diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate with Aldehydes (1987)

The titanation of the sodium salt of ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl)‐acetate ( 1 ) results in a reagent which undergoes a stereoselctive Knoevenagel condensation with aldehydes to form the corresponding trisubstituted olefins 3 having the Z‐configuration.
<title>Concurrent imaging and sensing using a single optical imaging fiber</title> (1995)

A sensor capable of simultaneous imaging and pH measurements has been prepared by coating the distal tip of a single imaging fiber with a pH sensitive material. The coated fiber is fabricated using photochemical polymerization with a spin coating technique and results in a fairly uniform coating of polyHEMA/fluorescein on the order of 5 micrometers thick. Performance data and imaging capabilities, as well as instrumentation requirements and deposition chemistry, will be discussed. Progress towards the fabrication of enzyme based biosensors utilizing this technique will also be presented.
On the Rank Deficiency and Rank Augmentation of the Spectral Measurement Matrix (1994)

Abstract The analysis of spectral measurements using standard factor-analytical (FA) techniques requires the rank of the absorbance matrix to be equal to the number of absorbing species, S. However, in many practical reaction networks, such an assumption does not hold. This paper examines various scenarios where ‘rank deficiency’ can occur. The most important case is when the number of independent reactions, R, is less than S. In such a case, rank analysis can only reveal R and, hence, standard FA techniques will fail. Hence, one possibility is to perform rotation in the reaction-spectra space of dimension R. Another possibility is to augment the rank of the data matrix to S for which two experimental methods are developed. Rank augmentation is performed by (i) multiple process runs and (ii) addition of reactants or products during the reaction. The composite data matrices are of rank S and, hence, suited to factor analysis. The number of necessary runs or additions can be detected by determining the rank of both the original and column-mean-centered data matrices. With rank augmentation, it is possible to determine both the number of independent reactions and the number of absorbing species. Furthermore, the influence on the rank of data pretreatment such as mean centering, normalization, auto-scaling, and differentiation with respect to time or wavelength is examined.
Experimental Studies of the Crystallization of Supercooled Water (1964)

The crystal fabric of ice formed by the freezing of supercooled water was examined in polarized light. Drops of radius 0.1 cm were frozen by homogeneous nucleation at −33C, by various foreign particles in suspension, or by impaction on a plane single crystal ice substrate. Bulk water, volume about 1.0 cm3, was frozen by the insertion of a single crystal of ice. Between 0 and −5C crystals invariably grew with a single orientation, identical with the nucleating crystal. With decrease of temperature increasing numbers of crystals with new orientations appeared, there being several hundred per drop when nucleation took place at −33C. Drops impacting on a substrate with vertical ‘c’ axis froze with horizontal ‘c’ axis in the temperature interval −5 to −15C. When the substrate was heated to 0C, drops always took the substrate orientation, even when supercooled to −22C. Measurements of the growth rate component parallel to the basal plane of dendrites growing in water at supercooling (ΔT) down to 20C followed the relation: U=0.08ΔT1.9 cm sec −1. Dendrite arm width and spacing decreased with increase of supercooling, both following the relation 10−2/ΔT cm. Below −8C the envelope of dendrite tips in the basal plane became hexagonal and by −16C growth rate perpendicular to the basal plane became comparable with that parallel to the basal plane. Results are interpreted in terms of different kinetic processes on different crystal faces.
Hypothetical Neural Substrates for Biological Responses to Air Ions (2018)

I. Introduction 162II. Air Ions 162III. Conceptual Aspects of Air Ion Biological Research 162IV. Generating a Hypothesis 168V. Air Ions and Serotonin 169VI. Neuroendocrine Cell Hypothesis 170 A. Proposal 170 B. Neuroendocrine Cells 1701. Description 170 2. Function and Innervation 171C. Neural Pathways 172 D. Summary of NEC Hypothesis 172VII. Further Considerations 174Acknowledgment 175References 175I. INTRODUCTION"The search for pulmonary chemoreceptors in the airways and blood vessels has been long and exhaustive owing to the teleologic attractiveness of sensors that would 'taste' the blood and `smell' the air.'" This passage from The Normal Lung by J. F. Murray addresses primarily chemoreception of the respiratory gases, 02 and CO,, as a potential control point to help maintain local ventilation-perfusion ratios. However, if Murray's comment is extended, it raises a question of sensitivity to another gaseous constituent of air, the fraction that carries charge, or, is ionized.
Iterative reflector design using a cumulative flux compensation approach (2010)

Illumination design often involves the tailoring of optical surfaces to provide a desired illuminance distribution. Tailoring algorithms often make simplifying assumptions, like assuming a point or Lambertian source, and that results in a difference between the actual output and the desired output. By using the virtual prototyping capability of illumination software, simulations can be used to accurately predict distributions with simplifying assumptions removed. In addition, optimization algorithms can be used to adjust the tailored surface so that the match without simplifying assumptions is improved. One optimization approach uses the (simulated illuminance)/(desired illuminance) ratio to compensate the distribution used by the tailoring algorithm. This type of iterative compensation approach can be effective when the difference between simulated and desired distributions is small, but becomes less effective when the simulated and desired illuminance distributions have different sizes or are shifted with respect to one another. These limitations can be overcome by using the difference in position of the simulated and desired cumulative flux distributions instead of the ratio of the simulated and desired illuminance distributions.
Achieving Ultra-efficiency in III-nitride LEDs and Laser Diodes for Solid-state Lighting (2016)

Pathways to ultra-high efficiency in III-nitride light-emitters for solid-state lighting are explored. This includes exploiting stimulation emission in laser diodes, and also the high optical gain and spontaneous emission rates in quantum dot active layers. Article not available.
Cloning and Structure Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Gene CYP305B1 From Bombyx mori (2009)

In order to study the genomic structure of Bombyx mori cytochrome P450 gene CYP305B1,we cloned its genomic sequence by inverse PCR.After sequencing and assembling,we obtained the complete genomic sequence of CYP305B1,and found that the first intron of Bombyx mori CYP305B1 gene was located within the 5′ untranslated region(5′-UTR).A comparison with genomic sequence of CYP305B1V1 from Bombyx mandarina showed that the 370 bp sequence between-770 bp and-400 bp(upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG) in the 5′-UTR of these two P450 genes shared only 40.4% identity to each other.The biggest differences between the two sequences are in the first intron and the sixth intron.In the first intron there is an additional insertion of 330 bp before-340 bp in Bombyx mandarina,and the 230 bp sequence between-340 bp and-110 bp shared only 46.9% identity to each other.In the sixth intron,there is a 300 bp insertion in CYP305B1 from Bombyx mori.The above results provide useful information for further studies to understand transcriptional regulatory mechanism of this gene.
Excellent Catalytic Effects of Graphene Nanofibers on Hydrogen Release of Sodium alanate (2012)

One of the most technically challenging barriers to the widespread commercialization of hydrogen-fueled devices and vehicles remains hydrogen storage. More environmentally friendly and effective nonmetal catalysts are required to improve hydrogen sorption. In this paper, through a combination of experiment and theory, we evaluate and explore the catalytic effects of layered graphene nanofibers toward hydrogen release of light metal hydrides such as sodium alanate. Graphene nanofibers, especially the helical kind, are found to considerably improve hydrogen release from NaAlH4, which is of significance for the further enhancement of this practical material for environmentally friendly and effective hydrogen storage applications. Using density functional theory, we find that carbon sheet edges, regardless of whether they are of zigzag or armchair type, can weaken Al–H bonds in sodium alanate, which is believed to be due to a combination of NaAlH4 destabilization and dissociation product stabilization. The helical form of graphene nanofibers, with larger surface area and curved configuration, appears to benefit the functionalization of carbon sheet edges. We believe that our combined experimental and theoretical study will stimulate more explorations of other microporous or mesoporous nanomaterials with an abundance of exposed carbon edges in the application of practical complex light metal hydride systems.
Prevention of Biliary Lesions That May Occur During Radiofrequency Ablation of the Liver (2005)

Cooling of the bile ducts with a cold 5% glucose isotonic solution significantly protects the intrahepatic bile ducts from damages caused by the heat generated by RF when performed close to the bile ducts.
HYPER: A New Approach for the Recognition and Positioning of Two-Dimensional Objects (1986)

A new method has been designed to identify and locate objects lying on a flat surface. The merit of the approach is to provide strong robustness to partial occlusions (due for instance to uneven lighting conditions, shadows, highlights, touching and overlapping objects) thanks to a local and compact description of the objects boundaries and to a new fast recognition method involving generation and recursive evaluation of hypotheses named HYPER (HY potheses Predicted and Evaluated Recursively). The method has been integrated within a vision system coupled to an indutrial robot arm, to provide automatic picking and repositioning of partially overlapping industrial parts.
Thrombotic and Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Patients Are Downregulated by Enoxaparin. Biochip and Protein Array Analysis (2011)

Abstract Abstract 713 Introduction: The pathogenesis of cancer is known to upregulate inflammatory and thrombotic processes which contribute to the increased mortality in these patients. We hypothesized that the baseline inflammatory and thrombotic mediators are upregulated in cancer and treatment with LMWHs such as enoxaparin may downregulate these mediators. Methods: To test this hypothesis plasma samples were retrospectively analyzed from an open label multi dose active comparator parallel design study in which all patients (n=110) were initially treated with enoxaparin (1-1.5 mg/kg sc) for 5 days. These patients were subdivided into two groups. Group A continued to receive enoxaparin whereas Group B received warfarin. Baseline blood samples, 5 days and 12 weeks post treatment samples were analyzed using bio chip arrays (Randox analyzer) and protein chip array using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) technique.Results: In the cerebral biochip array analysis, levels of CRP, TNFRI, D DIMER, NGAL and TM were elevated at baseline which reduced after treatment with enoxaparin at three months except for NSE and TNFRI. In the cytokine biochip array, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, VEGF, IFNG, TNFA, IL1A, IL1B, MCP1 and EGF showed marked upregulation at baseline with enoxaparin treatment resulting in a decrease of IL6 alone. In contrast the warfarin treated group, both the cerebral and cytokine biochip array showed only marginal decreases.The baseline plasma samples from the patients recruited with multiple cancers in the Oncenox study showed a greater prevalence of the 11.6kDa biomarker (76%) with average amplitude of 23.6. The samples collected after 3 Months of enoxaparin treatment revealed markedly reduced prevalence (38%) and average amplitude of 5.4, whereas the warfarin treated group showed a modest decline in the 11-6kD a biomarker with a 52% prevalence and an average amplitude of 18.2. Conclusions: These results confirm that inflammatory and thrombotic mediators are differentially downregulated by treatment with enoxaparin in comparison to warfarin. The biochip and protein arrays provide unique tools to profile the known mediators and identify newer biomarkers. which may be useful in differentiating target sites for the newer drugs in cancer management. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.