gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a quantitative analysis of audio scrolling interfaces (2007)

We present the results of a user study inspired by previous work in document navigation comparing rate and position control for navigating an audio timeline. Although interfaces for controlling playback speed (rate) are favored over playback position, we found that position control is, on average, 15-19% faster than rate control when searching for targets 90 to 100 seconds away in the audio timeline. Additional studies are being planned to further characterize audio scrolling performance with position and rate controls.
An algorithm for the steiner problem in graphs (1984)

Abstract In this paper we consider the Steiner problem in graphs. This is the problem of connecting together, at minimum cost, a number of vertices in an undirected graph. We present two lower bounds for the problem, these bounds being based on two separate Lagrangian relaxations of a zero‐one integer programming formulation of the problem. Problem reduction tests derived from both the original problem and the Lagrangian relaxations are given. Incorporating the bounds and the reduction tests into a tree search procedure enables us to solve problems involving the connection of up to 50 vertices in a graph with 200 undirected arcs and 100 vertices.
Simultaneous Production of Hydrogen and Nanocarbon from Decomposition of Methane on a Nickel-Based Catalyst (2000)

From the decomposition of methane, hydrogen without carbon oxides can be produced with a high energy-efficiency, which is attractive for its suitability of utilization in the fuel cells. At a same time nanocarbon materials with attractive texture and structure can be produced in a large amount. Toward a simultaneous bulk production of hydrogen and nanocarbon, catalysts based on nanometer-scale nickel particles prepared from a hydrotalcite-like anionic clay precursor have been designed and tested to fit the process goals. For hydrogen production, as the equilibrium methane conversion of the reaction increases with the increase of the reaction temperature, the process is commercially more attractive if it can be operated at a temperature higher than 1073 K. However, a nickel catalyst has a maximum activity for nanocarbon production at 923 K. Modification of the catalyst with doping of copper increased the activation temperature and leads to a production of nanocarbon with an attractive structure. The feasibility and the challenges met for the coupling of the two process goals is discussed, and some promising results are presented in this work.
S생명 보험설계사들의 셀프리더십과 직무만족과의 관계에서 무형식학습 활동의 매개효과 (2018)

본 연구의 목적은 S생명 보험설계사들의 셀프리더십과 직무만족과의 관계에서 무형식학습 활동의 매개효과를 실증적으로 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 S생명 보험설계사 231명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보험설계사들의 셀프리더십은 직무만족에 긍정적인 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보험설계사의 셀프리더십과 직무만족과의 관계에서 무형식 학습 활동은 부분매개 효과를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 먼저, 보험설계사의 셀프리더십은 무형식 학습 활동에 긍정적인 관계를 갖는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 셀프리더십과 직무만족과의 관계에서 무형식학습 활동의 매개효과를 살펴본 결과, 무형식학습 활동은 부분매개 효과를 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 보험설계사들의 직무만족을 통한 경영성과제고를 위해 보험설계사들의 셀프리더십이 잘 발휘될 수 있도록 교육프로그램을 제공하고, 무형식학습 활동이 잘 이루어질 수 있는 환경이 제공되어야 한다는 시사점을 가질 수 있다.
Economic evaluation on CO2-EOR of onshore oil fields in China (2015)

Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and sequestration in depleted oil reservoirs is a plausible option for utilizing anthropogenic CO2 to increase oil production while storing CO2 underground. Evaluation of the storage resources and cost of potential CO2-EOR projects is an essential step before the commencement of large-scale deployment of such activities. In this paper, a hybrid techno-economic evaluation method, including a performance model and cost model for onshore CO2-EOR projects, has been developed based on previous studies. Total 296 onshore oil fields, accounting for about 70% of total mature onshore oil fields in China, were evaluated by the techno-economic method. The key findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) deterministic analysis shows there are approximately 1.1 billion tons (7.7 billion barrels) of incremental crude oil and 2.2 billion tons CO2 storage resource for onshore CO2-EOR at net positive revenue within the Chinese oil fields reviewed under the given operating strategy and economic assumptions. (2) Sensitivity study highlights that the cumulative oil production and cumulative CO2 storage resource are very sensitive to crude oil price, CO2 cost, project lifetime, discount rate and tax policy. High oil price, short project lifetime, low discount rate, low CO2 cost, and low tax policy can greatly increase the net income of the oil enterprise, incremental oil recovery and CO2 storage resource. (3) From this techno-economic evaluation, the major barriers to large-scale deployment of CO2-EOR include complex geological conditions, low API of crude oil, high tax policy, and lack of incentives for the CO2-EOR project.
Studies on Quinazol-2,4-diones (1963)

Several quinazol-2,4-diones have been synthesised and their CV and IR spectra studied.
High energy electron radiotherapy in a magnetic field (1975)

We propose the use of high energy electrons in a strong local magnetic field as the ionizing beam in radiation therapy. A high kinetic energy insures that the electrons will penetrate to deep-seated tumor masses. A high magnetic field of several tesla in the region encompassing the tumor will confine the high energy electrons to the tumor volume before the scattering of the beam becomes excessive, thus producing an enhanced electron "Bragg peak" and highly localized strong radiation dose. The conclusions are based on a detailed Monte Carlo model which includes Landau straggling, multiple scattering, and the space dependence of the magnetic field.
Recent Developments in the Deoxyfluorination of Alcohols and Phenols: New Reagents, Mechanistic Insights, and Applications (2017)

This short review describes the development of new reagents and methods for the deoxyfluorination of phenols and alcohols during the period of 2011 to 2017. Important advances in the mechanistic understanding of these processes are discussed. The continuing importance of deoxyfluorination chemistry for the synthesis of valuable target molecules is highlighted through case studies including examples of 18F-radiosynthesis and the preparation of exotic multifluorinated compounds. 1 Introduction 2 New Deoxyfluorination Reagents 3 Novel Applications of ‘Legacy’ Deoxyfluorinating Reagents 4 Conclusions and Future Directions
CDP-choline: acute toxicity study. (1983)

The acute toxicity of a single dose of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) by different administration routes in mice and rats has been studied. LD50 values were determined according to the cumulative method by Reed-Muench for mortality rate, and Pizzi's method for calculation of standard error.
General atomic and molecular electronic structure system (1993)

Abstract A description of the ab initio quantum chemistry package GAMESS is presented. Chemical systems containing atoms through radon can be treated with wave functions ranging from the simplest closed‐shell case up to a general MCSCF case, permitting calculations at the necessary level of sophistication. Emphasis is given to novel features of the program. The parallelization strategy used in the RHF, ROHF, UHF, and GVB sections of the program is described, and detailed speecup results are given. Parallel calculations can be run on ordinary workstations as well as dedicated parallel machines. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reactions of Acrolein and Related Compounds. I. Addition of Vinyl Ethers (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Acrolein and Related Compounds. I. Addition of Vinyl EthersCurtis W. Smith, Douglas G. Norton, and Seaver A. BallardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5267–5270Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01155a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identity fraud: the stealth threat to UK plc (2004)

Identity (ID) fraud is one of the fastest growing criminal trends in the UK and costs the British economy around £1.3 billion per year according to the Home Office. It is not just financial loss that victims suffer: it can take up to 300 hours of effort to regain their credibility with banks and credit reference agencies.
Atmospheric pressure CO<inf>2</inf>lasers giving high output energy per unit volume (1972)

Two electrode designs are described that are capable of producing high output energy densities from pulsed atmospheric pressure CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -He lasers. In both cases a uniform volumetric excitation is obtained by the use of an auxiliary discharge. The first system uses a mesh cathode and has produced 4.8 J from an excited volume of 800 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (6 J.1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ). The second system uses a solid cathode and has produced 2 J from an excited volume of 110 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (18 J.1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ). Results of a parametric study of the solid cathode system are given. The output pulse energy, peak power, and pulse shape have been studied as functions of the energy-storage capacitor value, charging voltage, and gas composition. Partial self-mode-locking and the effect of single-mode operation on the pulsewidth have been observed.
Gap size and shear history dependencies in shear thickening of a suspension ordered at rest (1995)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. K. Chow, C. F. Zukoski; Gap size and shear history dependencies in shear thickening of a suspension ordered at rest. Journal of Rheology 1 January 1995; 39 (1): 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550697 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Mutation Testing for Ethereum Smart Contract (2019)

Smart contract is a special program that manages digital assets on blockchain. It is difficult to recover the loss if users make transactions through buggy smart contracts, which cannot be directly fixed. Hence, it is important to ensure the correctness of smart contracts before deploying them. This paper proposes a systematic framework to mutation testing for smart contracts on Ethereum, which is currently the most popular open blockchain for deploying and running smart contracts. Fifteen novel mutation operators have been designed for Ethereum Smart Contracts (ESC), in terms of keyword, global variable/function, variable unit, and error handling. An empirical study on 26 smart contracts in four Ethereum DApps has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mutation testing. The experimental results show that our approach can outperform the coverage-based approach on defect detection rate (96.01% vs. 55.68%). The ESC mutation operators are effective to reveal real defects and we found 117 out of 729 real bug reports are related to our operators. These show the great potential of using mutation testing for quality assurance of ESC.
Development and evaluation of candidate subunit vaccine and novel antitoxin against botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (2019)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most toxic proteins. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent botulism. To generate a vaccine suitable for human use, a recombinant non-His-tagged isoform of the Hc domain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (rEHc) was expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purified by sequential chromatography. The immunogenicity of rEHc was evaluated in mice and dose- and time-dependent immune responses were observed in both antibody titers and protective potency. Then, the pilot-scale expression and purification of rEHc were performed, and its immunological activity was characterized. Our results showed rEHc has good immunogenicity and can elicit strong protective potency against botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (BoNT/E) in mice, indicating that rEHc is an effective botulism vaccine candidate. Further, we developed a novel antitoxin against BoNT/E by purifying F(ab')<sub>2</sub> from pepsin-digested serum IgG of rEHc-inoculated horses. The protective effect of the F(ab')<sub>2</sub> antitoxin was determined <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The results showed that our F(ab')<sub>2</sub> antitoxin can prevent botulism in BoNT/E-challenged mice and effectively alleviate the progression of paralysis caused by BoNT/E to achieve therapeutic effects. Therefore, our results provide valuable experimental data for the production of a novel antitoxin, which is a promising candidate for the treatment of BoNT/E-induced botulism.
Effect of pore structure on the seepage characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Fm reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin (2017)

Tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by complex pore structures and strong heterogeneity, and their seepage characteristics are much different from those of conventional sandstone reservoirs. In this paper, the tight sandstone reservoirs of Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Fm in western Sichuan Basin were analyzed in terms of their pore structures by using the data about physical property, mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests. Then, the seepage characteristics and the gas–water two-phase migration mechanisms and distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs with different types of pore structures in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and development were simulated by combining the relative permeability experiment with the visual microscopic displacement model. It is shown that crotch-like viscous fingering occurs in the process of gas front advancing in reservoirs with different pore structures. The better the pore structure is, the lower the irreducible water saturation is; the higher the gas-phase relative permeability of irreducible water is, the more easily the gas reservoir can be developed. At the late stage of development, the residual gas is sealed in reservoirs in the forms of bypass, cutoff and dead end. In various reservoirs, the interference between gas and water is stronger, so gas and water tends to be produced simultaneously. The sealed gas may reduce the production rate of gas wells significantly, and the existence of water phase may reduce the gas permeability greatly; consequently, the water-bearing low-permeability tight sandstone gas reservoirs reveal serious water production, highly-difficult development and low-recovery percentage at the late stage, which have adverse impacts on the effective production and development of gas wells.
The microwave properties of tissue and other lossy dielectrics (2004)

This thesis describes work on the theoretical modelling and experimental measurement\nof the complex permittivity of dielectrics. The main focus of research has been into the\ncharacterisation of permittivity of planar and layered samples within the millimetre\nwave band. The measurement method is based on the free-space measurement of the\ntransmission and reflection coefficients of samples. A novel analytical method of\ndetermining the transmission and reflection coefficients as functions of frequency\narising from a generalised structure of planar dielectric layers is also described and\nvalidated. The analytical method is based on signal flow techniques. The measurement\nand analytical techniques have been applied in two main areas: firstly, the acquisition of\nnew data on human skin in the band 57 to 100GHz and secondly, the detection and\nlocation of defects in composite materials for which a band of 90 to 100GHz was used.\n\nMeasurements have been made on the complex permittivity of a single sample of\nexcised human skin fixed in formaldehyde. The experimental results have been\ncorrected to account for the fixing process in formaldehyde and are projected to body\ntemperature. This data is, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first of its kind to be\npublished. Predicted skin permittivity based on various relaxation models varies widely\nand only partially fits the measured data. The experimental results have been used to\ndetermine the parameters of a Cole-Cole function which gives the best fit to the\nmeasured data. The measured skin data has also been used to calculate power deposition\nin skin exposed to millimetre wave radiation. This work concludes that a skin surface\ntemperature rise of only 0.20C results from a thirty second exposure to signals of\n100W/m2.\n\nExperimental work with fibreglass composite samples has shown that defects such as\ndelaminations, voids, matrix cracks and improper cure result in resolvable differences in\nthe dielectric properties of the samples at 90 – 100GHz. The measurement technique is\nparticularly sensitive to the detection of cracks and its spatial resolution is 20mm or\nbetter. Whilst confirming the general conclusions of previously published work, the\nspecific findings of this study are novel.
Green photoluminescence from Er-containing amorphous SiN thin films (1998)

Green light emission at room temperature was achieved from nonhydrogenated amorphous silicon–nitrogen (a-SiN) thin films. The films were deposited by cosputtering a silicon target covered with metallic erbium platelets in an Ar+N2 atmosphere. According to the deposition conditions, the nitrogen concentration [N] reached ∼40 at. % rendering an optical gap of approximately 3.5 eV while the Er concentration [Er] was estimated to be ∼10 at. % in the present films. The high [Er] associated to the optical band gap allows the direct excitation of Er3+ ions. This optical excitation is more efficient at low temperatures as a consequence of the reduction in nonradiative processes, and when exciting the samples with the 488.0 nm line of an Ar+ laser which is in resonance with the F47/2Er3+ energy level. In addition to light emission at ∼520 and ∼545 nm, transitions in the infrared energy region could be easily verified in as-deposited samples.
Universal Dynamical Control of Quantum Mechanical Decay: Modulation of the Coupling to the Continuum (2001)

We derive and investigate an expression for the dynamically modified decay of states coupled to an arbitrary continuum. This expression is universally valid for weak temporal perturbations. The resulting insights can serve as useful recipes for optimized control of decay and decoherence.
A PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CHINESE HERBS. A REVIEW (1982)

A considerable number of Chinese medical herbs have been found to be anti-inflammatory upon screening for the inhibition of acute inflammation and allergic reaction, and for the suppression of adjuvant arthritis. Most of this research has been published exclusively in Japanese, and consequently is little known internationally. In this review, we will introduce the most recent conclusions drawn from current pharmacological research on the anti-inflammatory action of various Chinese medicinal herbs being undertaken in Japan. Due to limitations of space, we mention only herbs showing anti-inflammatory activity in vivo when administered intra-orally, and having low toxicity. We will also introduce some popular Chinese medical prescriptions used in the treatment of arthritis, hepatitis and nephritis and attempt to explain their anti-inflammatory action resulting from the synergistic action of the herbs contained in these prescriptions. All references cited in this review were either written originally in English or have an English abstract.
Technology Feature | Shotgunning the messenger: Single-cell RNA sequencing (2019)

Biomarkers for neurological diseases used to be few and far between, but better technology is making it easier for researchers to track brain health by measuring molecules. This means less invasive testing, earlier diagnosis, faster drug development, and—hopefully—more effective treatments.
Indri at TREC 2006: Lessons Learned From Three Terabyte Tracks (2006)

This report describes the lessons learned using the In-dri search system during the 2004-2006 TREC Terabyte Tracks. We provide an overview of Indri, and, for the ad hoc and named page nding tasks, discuss our general ap-proach to the problem, what worked, what did not work, and what could possibly work in the future. 1
THE SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS FOR THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS. V. SOME TRANSFORMATIONS OF PYRIDYLALDEHYDE THIOSEMICARBAZONES (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS FOR THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS. V. SOME TRANSFORMATIONS OF PYRIDYLALDEHYDE THIOSEMICARBAZONESTHOMAS S. GARDNER, E. WENIS, and JOHN LEECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 8, 976–980Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01365a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01365a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts