gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alemtuzumab Is Effective in Patients with Advanced, Pretreated B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Nationwide Study of Routine Use in Austria. (2005)

Abstract It is often questionable as to whether or not therapeutic benefit documented in prospective studies reflects that which is observed in routine use. Four prospective studies have explored the efficacy of alemtuzumab in heavily pretreated B-CLL patients, reporting response rates (RR) between 33% to 55%, and median survival between 13–28 months. Here, we report clinical outcomes after therapy with alemtuzumab of 106 consecutive, unselected B-CLL patients treated in 25 centers in Austria. Seventy-two patients were male and 34 female, the median age was 66 years (range, 46–88 years). The majority of patients had advanced stage disease, with 58% having Rai stage IV disease. The patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1–11). Alemtuzumab was administered according to guidelines, but in the majority of cases, dosing was individualized, according to tolerability, side effects, and economic considerations. Thus, the median duration of therapy was 7 weeks (range, 2–24 weeks), and median dose was only 390 mg (range, 11–1333 mg). Therapeutic response was determined, strictly adhering to the NCI criteria (duration of complete response [CR]/partial response [PR]/stable disease [SD] ≥ 2 months; adequate radiologic studies of all non-palpable manifestation; marrow for CR). CR, PR, and SD were achieved in 5%, 17%, and 34% of patients (RR 22%). Progressive disease occurred in 34%, and responses were not evaluable in 9%, due to early death. In the 59 patients with overall CR/PR/SD, peripheral blood responses were as follows: 63% CR, 25% PR, and 12% SD. Survival times were encouraging and comparable with other studies. The median survival for all patients was 19 months; 15 months for fludarabine-refractory patients (n = 67) and 31 months for fludarabine-sensitive patients (n = 24; P = 0.04). Survival was dependent on response (P = 0.0001), the number of previous therapy lines (0–3 vs &gt;3; P = 0.0001), and the presence of bulky disease (P = 0.005). Route of administration (IV: 49%; IV to SC 38%; upfront SC 13%) did not influence outcome. Toxicities were within the expected range, with grade 3/4 infections in 37% of patients; grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 25% and 23% of patients, CMV reactivation in 14% (CMV disease in 3%) of patients, and early death (&lt;2 months after last dose) in 12% of patients. We conclude that in the routine clinical setting, alemtuzumab is a safe and effective treatment with profound prolongation of survival in pretreated B-CLL patients. This retrospective study is an important contribution to continuous, nationwide quality control.
Concordance of Pharmacogenetic Markers in Germline and Colorectal Tumor DNA (2005)

Introduction: Most cancer pharmacogenetic studies use germline DNA, as tumor tissue is often inaccessible in the advanced disease setting. However, this relies on the assumption that germline DNA is representative of the tumor genotype. To date, there has been little attention paid to defining the relationship between tumor and germline genomes. Materials and methods: This study compared 28 polymorphisms in 13 genes of high importance to cancer pharmacogenetics from ten different chromosome regions, in DNA from normal mucosa and colon tumors in 44 paired samples. Results: 93% of samples had one or fewer genotype discrepancies. 77% of patients had intraindividual genotypes in complete concordance. In addition, although microsatellite instability (MSI) was identified in 20% of tumors, no significant association between MSI and genotype discrepancies was observed (p = 0.672). Conclusions: While this data validates the use of germline DNA pharmacogenetics in colorectal cancer, statistical analysis and modeling of pharmacogenetic data should be employed to incorporate this small, but important, source of error.
Epitaxial Growth of (In)GaPN Systems for Monolithic Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits on Si Substrates (2007)

The fundamental problems of the growth of III-V compounds on a Si substrate were overcome. As a result, structural defect-free GaPN and InGaPN layers were grown on a Si substrate. LEDs and Si MOSFETs, which are elemental devices for OEICs, were monolithically merged in a single chip. The developed processing flow was based on a conventional MOSFET processing flow. The growth and fabrication process technologies are effective for the realization of monolithic OEICs.
Purifications and properties of orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Erwinia carotovora AJ 2992. (1991)

An orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) of Erwinia carotovora AJ 2992, which is a potent producer of ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), an antiviral agent, from orotidine and 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (TCA), were purified 23-fold and 103-fold, respectively. At each purification step, the orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme was always co-purified with an uridine phosphorylase (UPase) and its activity could not be separated from that of the UPase after it showed as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that this enzyme may be identical with UPase. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 68,000 +/- 2,000, and seemed to be a dimer. The optimal temperatures and pH values were 60 degrees C and 6.0 for orotidine phosphorolysis, and 70 degrees C and 7.0 for uridine phosphorolysis. The Michaelis constants for uridine and orotidine were 0.75 mM and 10.87 mM, respectively, at 40 degrees C. The PNPase of E. carotovora AJ 2992 had a molecular weight of 58,000 +/- 2,000 and seemed to be a dimer. The Michaelis constants for inosine and guanosine were 1.92 mM and 1.85 mM, respectively, at 40 degrees C. The PNPase was completely inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate.
Severe aortic stenosis has blunted myocardial T1 relaxation response to vasodilator stress: a cardiac magnetic resonance adenosine stress test study (2015)

Background Aortic stenosis is characterized by impaired myocardial perfusion reserve due to coronary microvascular dysfunction. T1 mapping is sensitive to myocardial water content of both intra- and extracellular in origin, but the effect of intravascular compartment changes on T1 has never been assessed previously. We aimed to assess the effect of adenosine-induced vasodilatation on native (pre-contrast) T1 values in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) before and after aortic valve replacement (AVR).
A bidirectionally active signal for termination of transcription is located between<i>tetA</i>and<i>orfL</i>on transposon Tn<i>10</i> (1985)

A terminator of transcription with bidirectional activity has been located between the translation termination codons of the genes tetA and orfL on Tn10. These genes are transcribed towards each other. Each orientation of the intervening sequence is shown to reduce the expression of the lacZ and galK genes when cloned between the respective structural gene and its promotor. The 3'ends of the respective mRNAs were determined by S1 mapping. The results confirm that the same sequence capable of forming a stem-loop structure with a GC rich stem is the termination signal for both orientations. In the more efficient tetA orientation (99%-96% reduction of expression) this sequence is followed by a run of six thymines. In the less efficient orfL orientation (96%-78% reduction of expression) it is followed by an AT rich sequence with seven thymines out of eleven base pairs.
Critical-current degradation in multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Al wires from transverse compressive and axial tensile stress (1993)

The effect of transverse compressive stress and axial tensile stress on the critical current of multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Al superconducting wires has been measured. Compared with commercial Nb/sub 3/Sn, Nb/sub 3/Al exhibits a relatively small sensitivity to both axial and transverse stress. For a given degradation of critical current at 9 T, Nb/sub 3/Al will tolerate about twice as much axial stress as Nb/sub 3/Sn and about five times the transverse stress. The elastic modulus of Nb/sub 3/Al, 169+or-20 GPa, was measured for the first time at cryogenic temperatures and found comparable to that of Nb/sub 3/Sn. A comparison between the effect of axial and transverse stress showed that Nb/sub 3/Al, like Nb/sub 3/Sn, is more sensitive to transverse stress than axial stress. For a given level of critical-current degradation, the transverse stress tolerance of Nb/sub 3/Al is about half the axial stress tolerance. The favorable electromechanical characteristics of Nb/sub 3/Al, compared with Nb/sub 3/Sn, may allow increased operating limits for the next generation of large high-field superconducting magnets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EHF SATCOM Array Design (ESAD) (1999)

Abstract : The objective of this effort was to develop five EHF SATCOM antenna designs that implement photonics: space and airborne, transmit and receive with nulling. The goal was to identify and develop designs that are performance and cost competitive with RF implementations. The scope of this effort included investigation of photonically implemented antenna design concepts, an analysis trade of these concepts and detailed development of selected design concepts. Verification experiments were to be conducted as necessary to verify novel/unique photonic concepts. EHF SATCOM used a 43.5 to 45.5 GHz uplink and a 20.2 to 21.2 GHz downlink. Airborne SATCOM antennas generally must provide wide angle scanning for a single beam, while the spaceborne antennas are multi-beam and include nulling capability.
Hot phase velocity measurements and modeling for a broad band TWT (2003)

Summary form only given. We have made measurements of and modelled cold and hot phase velocities for the custom-made XWING broadband traveling wave tube. The TWT used in this investigation, termed the XWING TWT (for experimental Wisconsin Northrop Grumman TWT), is a research version of a product manufactured by Northrop Grumman. This two-stage, helical TWT provides a moderate gain of 20-30 dB over a frequency range of 2-6 GHz. The second stage of this TWT is configured with sensors placed at various points along the axis of the tube. These sensors allow the measurement of wave amplitude and phase to be made at a number of points along the axis, yielding additional wave evolution information not readily obtained from other TWTs, whose only wave information is available at the input and output of the device. By capturing the signal from two of these sensors, we have measured the cold and hot phase velocities in the 2-6 GHz range.
Stimulant Treatment of ADHD and Cigarette Smoking: A Meta-Analysis (2014)

Nearly all studies were naturalistic, precluding causal inferences. Available data were insufficient to examine additional influences of patient demographics, treatment effectiveness, or other comorbidities. Consistent stimulant treatment of ADHD may reduce smoking risk; the effect was larger in samples with more severe psychopathology. Implications for further research, treatment of ADHD, and smoking prevention are discussed.
Decentralized adaptive approximation based control with safety scheme outside the approximation region (2008)

This paper presents a decentralized adaptive approximation based control scheme for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems. The feedback control law consists of two schemes, an adaptive approximation controller operating inside a chosen approximation region and a decentralized safety scheme for outside the approximation region. Within the approximation region, linearly parameterized neural networks with a dead-zone modification are used to adaptively approximate the unknown dynamics of each subsystem, as well as the unknown interconnections. Outside the approximation region, the decentralized safety control scheme is designed to steer back the trajectory by using an adaptive bounding approach. A rigorous stability analysis is presented and a simple simulation example is used to illustrate the decentralized adaptive control methodology.
Personalised estimation of the arterial input function for improved pharmacokinetic modelling of colorectal cancer using dceMRI (2013)

dceMRI is becoming a key modality for tumour characterisation and monitoring of response to therapy, because of the ability to identify the underlying tumour physiology. Pharmacokinetic (PK) models relate the contrast enhancement seen in dceMRI to physiological parameters but require accurate measurement of the AIF, the time-dependant contrast concentration in blood plasma. In this study, a novel method is introduced that overcomes the challenges of direct AIF measurement, by automatically estimating the AIF from the tumour tissue. This approach was evaluated on synthetic data (10% noise) and achieved a relative error in Ktrans and kep of 11.8±3.5% and 25.7±4.7 %, respectively, compared to 41 ±15 % and 60 ±32 % using a population model. The method improved the fit of the PK model to clinical colorectal cancer cases, was stable for independent regions in the tumour, and showed improved localisation of the PK parameters. This demonstrates that personalised AIF estimation can lead to more accurate PK modelling. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.
The ubiquity of discovery: computers and thought lecture (1977)

As scientists interested in studying the phenomenon of intelligence, we first choose a view of Man, develop a theory of how intelligent behavior is managed, and construct some models which can test out and refine that, theory The view we choose is that Man is a symbolic information processor The theory is that sophisticated cognitive tasks can be cast as searches or explorations, and that each human possesses (and efficiently accesses) a large body of infoimal uiles of thumb (heinistics) which constrain his search The source of what we colloquially call is seen to be very efficient searching of an a priori immense space Some computational models which incorporate this theory arc described. Among them is AM, a computer program which develops new mathematical concepts and conjectures' involving them, AM is guided in this exploration by a collection of 250 more or less general heuristic rules. The operational nature of such models allows experiments to be performed upon them, experiments which help us test and develop hypotheses about intelligence. One interesting result has been the ubiquity of this kind of heuristic guidance: intelligence permeates everyday problem solving and invention, as well as the kind of problem solving and invention that scientists and artists perform.
Effects of enteric neural defunctioning on small bowel motility (1990)

In this study, we investigated the role of intrinsic nerves of the small intestine on phase III migration of the migrating myoelectric complex. Fasting myoelectric activity was recorded from the small bowel in chronically instrumented dogs. Once control experiments were completed, the animals were divided into two groups and were reoperated. In the first group of five dogs, a 1.5-g/dl aqueous solution of cobaltous chloride (shown to induce degeneration of intestinal intrinsic nerves) was infused close intra-arterially to perfuse a 15-cm segment of jejunum. In the second group of dogs, a catheter was implanted in a branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplying a 15-cm segment of intestine. Tetrodotoxin (0.3-1 micrograms/kg) was infused through the catheter just before the arrival of phase III activity in the perfused segment. Subsequent to the fifth postcobalt perfusion day, phase III traversed but did not occur in the cobalt-treated segment. When tetrodotoxin was injected through the catheter, spontaneous phasic myoelectric and contractile activities in the perfused jejunal segment were inhibited, but phase III migration was not blocked. These findings suggest 1) acute or chronic defunctioning of enteric nerves does not interrupt phase III migration, but 2) phase III expression is dependent on the integrity of intrinsic nerves.
[Retinoid signalling pathways]. (1993)

Retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid (AT-RA) and its bioisters, exert diverse and profound effects on the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant cells, vertebrate development, and homeostasis. Since their nuclear receptors (RARs: alpha, beta and gamma) were cloned, extensive studies on retinoid signalling at molecular level have elucidated its elaborate mechanisms, by which the expression of a variety of retinoid responsive genes are regulated. Furthermore, discoveries of the second receptor system of retinoid (RXRs: alpha, beta and gamma) and their substantial ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9C-RA), were recently reported. The heterodimer formation between RXR and RAR or other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily gave us a new aspect of hormonal gene control including retinoids, thyroid hormone, vitamin D3 and others. These heterodimers were showed to bind specific response elements consisted of the direct repeat of consensus sequence (AGATTC) or its related sequences. Differential regulation of retinoid responsive gene by RARs or/and RXRs in vivo is an ongoing subject and the combinatory outcome of subtypes or isotypes of receptors, natural response elements, natural ligands (AT-RA, 9C-RA, or their metabolites) owing to pleiotropic effects of retinoids is being revealed. The anti-malignant effect of retinoids is another important theme. The report of prominent therapeutic effect of AT-RA against APL patients was sensational. In many APL patients, translocation between RAR alpha gene and an oncogenic gene, PML, can be detected, although the roles of their fusion products (RAR alpha-PML and PML-RAR alpha) in APL induction have not been understood. Furthermore, the cross-talk between RAR and AP-1 is thought to give an explanation for the suppressive effects of retinoids against tumor promoters (TPA and others). In those contexts, synthetic retinoids specific for each subtype of RAR or RXR, which will be useful reagents for biological studies and/or excellent therapeutic agents, are being developed. Some RAR subtype-selective compounds including antagonists have been already reported.
Effect of dynamic random leaks on the monitoring accuracy of home mechanical ventilators: a bench study (2013)

In a bench model, the presence of unintentional random leaks may be a source of error in the measurement of VT and leaks provided by the software of home ventilators. Analyzing leaks during inspiration and expiration separately may reduce this source of error.
Some Polynomial and Integer Divisibility Problems are $NP$-Hard (1978)

Most known $NP$-complete problems are stated in terms of one of an exponential number of possibilities being true. In this paper we exhibit some $NP$-hard and $NP$-complete problems which are not of this form. In addition, we exhibit some new $NP$-complete problems of a more conventional nature. Many of these problems involve divisibility properties of integers or of sparse polynomials with coefficients of $ \pm 1$. This paper extends and refines earlier results of the author.
Lunar Organic Compounds: Search and Characterization (1970)

The carbon concentration in Apollo 11 lunar fine material is of the order of 200 ppm. By far the largest single amount of this carbon appears to be in carbon monoxide. Some of this seems to be in the form of gas bubbles in the glass spheres, but most of it could be in some complex form other than gas. This result would be consistent with the idea that most of the fines passed through a high temperature and that the carbon was oxidized by mineral oxides at that time.
Memory optimisations for high-resolution imaging (2005)

The rapid advance in imaging technology has led to the increasing availability of high-resolution digital images. For instance, the latest film scanners can produce more than 6 million pixels with 12-bit colour. We explore the opportunities of working with these high-resolution images on reconfigurable hardware, focusing on memory optimisations to support their effective processing. We consider template matching and related algorithms, and propose a runtime reconfiguration scheme which allows large template-matching algorithms to be implemented on small FPGAs. We present a partitioning scheme which allows the FPGA to process images larger than its local, external memory banks; alternatively, the scheme facilitates exploitation of concurrency offered by multiple memory banks in FPGA systems. We have developed parametric models to analyse these designs and to explore their potential. It is shown that, for instance, our column caching scheme can support linear speedup with respect to the number of columns, even when the reconfiguration time is large.
Muscular Interactions. Combining {Emg} And Mmg Sensing For Musical Practice (2013)

We present the first combined use of the electromyogram (EMG) andmechanomyogram (MMG), two biosignals that result from muscular activity, forinteractive music applications. We exploit differences between these twosignals, as reported in the biomedical literature, to create bi-modalsonification and sound synthesis mappings that allow performers to distinguishthe two components in a single complex arm gesture. We study non-expertplayers' ability to articulate the different modalities. Results show thatpurposely designed gestures and mapping techniques enable novices to rapidlylearn to independently control the two biosignals.
Achilles tendon healing in rats is improved by intermittent mechanical loading during the inflammatory phase (2011)

Tendons adapt to changes in mechanical loading, and numerous animal studies show that immobilization of a healing tendon is detrimental to the healing process. The present study addresses whether the effects of a few episodes of mechanical loading are different during different phases of healing. Fifty female rats underwent Achilles tendon transection, and their hind limbs were unloaded by tail suspension on the day after surgery. One group of 10 rats was taken down from suspension to run on a treadmill for 30 min/day, on days 2-5 after transection. They were euthanized on day 8. Another group underwent similar treadmill running on days 8-11 and was euthanized on day 14. Continuously unloaded groups were euthanized on days 8 and 14. Tendon specimens were then evaluated mechanically. The results showed that just four loading episodes increased the strength of the healing tendon. This was evident irrespective of the time point when loading was applied (early or late). The positive effect on early healing was unexpected, considering that the mechanical stimulation was applied during the inflammatory phase, when the calluses were small and fragile. A histological study of additional groups with early loading also showed some increased bleeding in the loaded calluses. Our results indicate that a short episodes of early loading may improve the outcome of tendon healing. This could be of interest to clinical practice.
Dendrimers as Guests in Molecular Recognition Phenomena (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.