gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid Generation Mechanism of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene)-Based Chemically Amplified Resists for Post-Optical Lithography: Acid Yield and Deprotonation Behavior of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and Poly(4-methoxystyrene) (2006)

With the shrinkage of patterns, the elucidation of reaction mechanisms at the molecular level has become essential in resist design. In particular, proton dynamics is one of the most important issues on the sensitivity and resolution of chemically amplified resists. In chemically amplified resists for post-optical lithographies, such as extreme ultraviolet and electron beam lithographies, it has been reported that protons mainly come from not acid generators but polymers. Determining proton sources is a key to understanding reaction mechanisms at the molecular level. In this article, we investigated the deprotonation mechanism of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) and poly(4-methoxystyrene) upon exposure to ionizing radiation. We found that the difference between the proton labilities of polymer radical cations (proton source for acid generation) leads to a difference in acid yield.
A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism at the 5?-flanking region ofSAA1 associated with risk of type AA amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

Our data suggest that the SAA1 -13T allele, rather than SAA1 exon 3 haplotypes, is primarily associated with AA amyloidosis risk.
Binaural Auditory Outcomes in Patients with Postlingual Profound Unilateral Hearing Loss: 3 Years after Cochlear Implantation (2015)

The value of cochlear implants (CI) in patients with profound unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and tinnitus has recently been investigated. The authors previously demonstrated the feasibility of CI in a 12- month outcome study in a prospective UHL cohort. The aim of this study was to investigate the binaural auditory outcomes in this cohort 36 months after CI surgery. The 36-month outcome was evaluated in 22 CI users with postlingual UHL and severe tinnitus. Twelve subjects had contralateral normal hearing (single-sided deafness - SSD group) and 10 subjects had a contralateral, mild to moderate hearing loss and used a hearing aid (asymmetric hearing loss - AHL group). Speech perception in noise was assessed in two listening conditions: the CIoff and the CIon condition. The binaural summation effect (S0N0), binaural squelch effect (S0NCI) and the combined head shadow effect (SCIN0) were investigated. Subjective benefit in daily life was assessed by means of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). At 36 months, a significant binaural summation effect was observed for the study cohort (2.00, SD 3.82 dB; p < 0.01) and for the AHL subgroup (3.34, SD 5.31 dB; p < 0.05). This binaural effect was not significant 12 months after CI surgery. A binaural squelch effect was significant for the AHL subgroup at 12 months (2.00, SD 4.38 dB; p < 0.05). A significant combined head shadow and squelch effect was also noted in the spatial configuration SCIN0 for the study cohort (4.00, SD 5.89 dB; p < 0.01) and for the AHL subgroup (5.67, SD 6.66 dB; p < 0.05). The SSQ data show that the perceived benefit in daily life after CI surgery remains stable up to 36 months at CIon. CI can significantly improve speech perception in noise in patients with UHL. The positive effects of CIon speech perception in noise increase over time up to 36 months after CI surgery. Improved subjective benefit in daily life was also shown to be sustained in these patients.
Selective Partial Parallel Interference Cancellation For Personal Cdma Communications (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Terminal Speeds and Ion Fractions from [Ca<scp>iv</scp>] 3.207 μm in Three Single WN Stars (2001)

We report on the forbidden emission lines of [Ca IV] at 3.207 μm and [Ne III] at 15.56 μm based on Infrared Space Observatory observations. The data set consists of three single Wolf-Rayet stars (WR 1, WR 134, and WR 136) and three binary systems (WR 11, WR 146, and WR 147). For the single stars, only the [Ca IV] line was observed. Our primary objectives are to determine the wind terminal speed from the emission-line widths, derive ion number fractions, and discuss the relation between emission profile shapes and wind flow geometry. Compared to previous determinations of the terminal speed, we find values that are similar or somewhat smaller. Interestingly, the line width at the continuum level is typically 10%-30% broader than at the half-maximum level. The extra broadness suggests the effect of turbulence in the wind. For the ion fraction, we assume that calcium is not enriched in any of the W-R winds. Ion fractions of Ca+3 and Ne+2 are derived for the binary systems and found to be consistent with previously published values. For the new observations of the single WN stars, all of the ion fractions for Ca+3 have similar values, which are close to the maximum expected value, thus suggesting that Ca+3 is the dominant ion at large radii in the wind. Finally, the line profile shapes in the binaries WR 11, WR 146, and WR 147 appear asymmetric, as might be expected from such systems. For WR 136, the [Ca IV] profile is flat-topped, consistent with a spherical flow. For WR 1 and WR 134, the [Ca IV] profiles are too weak to draw conclusions about the wind flow geometry.
Simian homologues of human herpesvirus 8 (2001)

Gamma-herpesviruses can be found in most primates including Old World an New World monkeys. The gamma-herpesvirinae are grouped into two classes: lymphocryptoviruses (gamma1) and rhadinoviruses (gamma2). The lymphocryptoviruses include Epstein-Barr virus, lymphocryptovirus of rhesus monkeys, and Herpesvirus papio of baboons. Rhadinoviruses that infect New World monkeys include Herpesvirus saimiri, whose natural host is the squirrel monkey, and Herpesvirus ateles, which infects spider monkeys. Rhadinoviruses that infect hominoids and Old World monkeys include Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also known as HHV-8, and rhesus monkey rhadinovirus.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotypes on Quantification of HCV RNA in Serum by COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV Test, Abbott Antiretroviral Therapy HCV RealTime Assay, and VERSANT HCV RNA Assay (2007)

The VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0 (bDNA), COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV, and Abbott ART HCV RealTime assays were compared for hepatitis C virus RNA quantification in 158 clinical specimens (genotypes 1 to 5). RNA values differed significantly between methods (P < 0.0001), and mean titer differences ranged from 0.01 to 0.50 log(10) IU/ml depending on the genotypes.
[Cylindroma of the base of the skull with longstanding neurological disturbances. Anatomo-clinical correlation]. (1980)

The authors present the clinico-pathological correlation in a women who developed at the age of 43 years progressive pain in the left hemiface with motor and sensitive disorders of the left trigeminal nerve. Progressive involvement of the left IIIrd, IVth and Vth cranial nerves appeared with persistence of intractable facial pain which was not responsive to treatment by Tegretol, nor by thermocoagulation of the left Gasserian ganglion. Partial resection of a tumor was performed. The biopsy revealed its cylindromatous nature. The patient died after eight years of evolution. Autopsy confirmed an extensive tumoral invasion of the left temporal bone with invasion of the dura, the left cavernous sinus, and tumoral infiltration of the IIIrd, IVth, Vth and VIIIth cranial nerves on the left side. Metastases of the cylindromatous epithelioma were found in the liver and adrenals. The precise origin of the tumor could not be ascertained.
ChemInform Abstract: Fully Condensed Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS): From Synthesis to Application (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Classification of the Disorders of Hemoglobin (2013)

Over the years, study of the disorders of hemoglobin has served as a paradigm for gaining insights into the cellular and molecular biology, as well as the pathophysiology, of inherited genetic disorders. To date, more than 1000 disorders of hemoglobin synthesis and/or structure have been identified and characterized. Study of these disorders has established the principle of how a mutant genotype can alter the function of the encoded protein, which in turn can lead to a distinct clinical phenotype. Genotype/phenotype correlations have provided important understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of disease. Before presenting a brief overview of these disorders, we provide a summary of the structure and function of hemoglobin, along with the mechanism of assembly of its subunits, as background for the rationale and basis of the different categories of disorders in the classification.
Interactions of a hemidesmosome component and actinin family members (2001)

Hemidesmosomes are multimeric protein complexes that attach epithelial cells to their underlying matrix and serve as cell surface anchorage sites for the keratin cytoskeleton. Two hemidesmosome components, the alpha6beta4 integrin heterodimer and a human autoantigen termed BP180, are transmembrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix to the keratin network in cells. Here, we report that actinin-4, an actin-bundling protein, is a potential binding partner for BP180. Using yeast two-hybrid, we have mapped the binding site for BP180 to the C-terminal region of actinin-4. This site contains two EF-hand, Ca2+ regulation domains and shares 87% sequence homology with the same region in actinin-1. Consistent with this, BP180 can bind actinin-1 in both the yeast two-hybrid assay and in immunoprecipitation assays. To determine whether the EF-hand domain is a consensus binding sequence for BP180, we tested whether other proteins with this domain bind BP180. None of the proteins tested including calmodulin, with 4 EF-hand domains, and myosin regulatory light chain, with 1 EF-hand domain, interacts with BP180 in yeast two-hybrid system and immunoprecipitation studies, suggesting that the interaction between BP180 and actinin family members is specific. We have compared the distribution of actinin-1 and actinin-4 with that of BP180 in MCF-10A and pp126 cells. Surprisingly, BP180 localizes not only to sites of cell-substratum interaction, but is also present at sites of cell-cell contacts where it co-distributes with both actinin-1 and actinin-4 as well as other adherens junction proteins. In oral tissues, BP180 is present along the basement membrane and at cell-cell contact sites in basal epithelial cells where it co-distributes with adherens junction proteins. Since BP180 antibodies inhibit association of junction proteins at sites of cell-cell contact in oral keratinocytes, these results suggest that BP180 may play a role in establishing cell-cell interactions. We discuss a role for BP180 in crosstalk between cell-matrix and cell-cell junctions.
Evidence for a Mechanism Involving Transient Fragmentation in Carbon Skeleton Rearrangements Dependent on Coenzyme B<sub>12</sub> (1995)

Enzyme kinetics and EPR spectroscopy provide evidence that in the reversible rearrangement of (S)-glutamate (1) to (2S, 3S)-3-methylaspartate (2), which is catalyzed by the coenzyme B12 dependent glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium, the substrate 1 fragments into acrylate (3) and glycine radical (4), which recombine to 2. Ado-CH2-Cbl  5′-adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12).
Thermomagnetic switching of ferrimagnetic garnet films at their compensation temperature (1976)

Thermomagnetic flux reversal by laser heating in (111) -oriented (Gd,Yb)3(Fe,Al)5O12 films and (111) -oriented (Gd,Bi)3(Fe,Ga)5O12 films has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Local switching is governed by wall nucleation and domain wall motion, the first step requiring the most energy. The nucleation threshold strongly depends on the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the induced misfit profile due to thermal lattice expansion. The effective uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is found to change sign at certain temperature distributions resulting in spontaneous switching under zero applied field. The size of the domain nucleus is assumed parabolic and depends strongly on the anisotropy field at a given applied field. The temperature distribution in the laser-heated film volume has been assessed by using the shift of the absorption band edge at 5145 Å wavelength. The present work substantiates the requirement for low-anisotropy garnet films in thermomagnetic/magneto-optic memories.
Isolation of a homologue from that is able to complement temperature-sensitive mutants of (2004)

A partial cDNA fragment of the Cryptococcus neoformans homologue of the main cell cycle control gene CDC28/cdc2 was isolated using degenerate primer RT-PCR. A subsequent search in the C. neoformans genome database identified several sequences similar to CDC28/cdc2. A part of the sequence which showed the highest similarity to CDC28/cdc2 turned out to be identical to the partial cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) cDNA fragment isolated by degenerate RT-PCR. The full-length coding region of this Cdk homologue was amplified by RT-PCR using primers designed to target regions around start and stop codons, and the gene was named CnCdk1. To determine its function, an analysis of deduced amino acid sequence of the CnCdk1 was performed and its ability to rescue Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28-temperature sensitive mutants was tested. S. cerevisiae cdc28-4 and cdc28-1N strains transformed with the pYES2- CnCdk1 construct exhibited growth at 36.5 degrees C in galactose-raffinose medium, but not in glucose medium. Results of the sequence analysis and the fact that CnCdk1 is able to complement the S. cerevisiae cdc28-ts mutation support its assumed role as the CDC28/cdc2 homologue in C. neoformans.
Fluorodeoxyuridine modulation of the incorporation of iododeoxyuridine into DNA of granulocytes: a phase I and clinical pharmacological study. (1988)

The amount of iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) incorporated into DNA determines the degree of radiosensitization. Fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) has been shown to biochemically modulate IdUrd incorporation into DNA in vitro and in vivo. In this Phase I study, these drugs were coadministered to patients during 14-day continuous i.v. infusion periods in order to investigate whether the incorporation of IdUrd into DNA in vivo could be increased without increasing the dose of IdUrd. IdUrd plasma concentrations and incorporation of IdUrd into DNA of granulocytes were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Up to 8.8% substitution of thymidine by IdUrd was observed. Even at 3.5 mg/m2/day FdUrd for 14 days (78% of the maximum-tolerated dose as a single agent), no clinically relevant enhancement of incorporation of IdUrd into DNA of granulocytes was observed. Also, no changes in plasma levels of IdUrd were observed with escalating doses of FdUrd. Toxicity patterns (stomatitis, diarrhea, and bone marrow depression) and isobologram analysis suggested that IdUrd and FdUrd had additive, rather than synergistic, effects.
Exercise to Counteract Loss of Bone and Muscle During Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer (2006)

Abstract : The original objective was to determine whether a 1-year intensive resistance exercise training (RT) program is more effective than a moderate-intensity walking program in ameliorating the effects on body composition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer. It was postulated that: 1) RT will attenuate the declines in bone mineral density (BMD) and fat-free mass (FFM) to a greater extent than walking; and 2) both RT and walking will prevent an increase in fat mass. Primary outcomes are lumbar spine BMD and FFM. Secondary outcomes are: total body and hip BMD; fat mass; markers of bone turnover; serum sex hormones; physical functional performance; quality of life, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (blood lipids, glucose tolerance, arterial stiffness). Because of the inability to enroll the projected number of participants, the study protocol was modified at the time of the 2006 annual IRB review to focus only on the intensive resistance training intervention.
Influence of supraglottic airway device placement on cerebral hemodynamics. (2016)

SGD insertion and cuff inflation did not influence cerebral hemodynamics in anesthetized patients undergoing minor surgery. At normal etCO2 range, the CBF reduction with transient increase in PI was associated with anesthesia induction and not SGD insertion itself.
The Constructal Law of “Designedness” in Nature (2008)

The laws of classical thermodynamics refer to systems as black boxes, without configuration. Nature is different: it has “designedness” everywhere and at all scales (pattern, configuration, rhythm). The generation of configuration is a phenomenon of all physics, and it is covered by the constructal law: for a finite‐size flow system to persist in time (to live) it must evolve such that it provides easier access to its currents. The constructal law is predictive across the board, in inanimate, animate and human flow systems. Examples are the scaling laws of all river basins, the speeds and frequencies of all kinds of animal locomotion, and the zipfian distribution of hierarchical city sizes and numbers on the globe. The constructal law accounts for the numerous and often contradictory ad‐hoc statements of self‐optimization, e.g. minimization and maximization of entropy generation, minimization and maximization of flow resistance, minimization of time and cost, maximization of utility, and the axiom of uniform stresses in animal bones and botanical trees.
Targeting endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathways in cancer (2012)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the production of membrane-bound and secreted proteins. However, its capacity to process the synthesis and folding of protein is limited. Protein overload and the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER trigger an adaptive response known as the ER-stress response that is mediated by specific ER-anchored signaling pathways. This response regulates cell functions aimed at restoring cellular homeostasis or at promoting apoptosis of irreparably damaged cells. Activation or deregulation of ER-signaling pathways has been associated with various diseases including cancer. Here we discuss how tumors engage ER-signaling pathways to promote tumorigenesis and how manipulation of this process by anticancer drugs may contribute to cancer treatment.
Studies on the structure and formation mechanism of carbon gel in the carbon black filled polyisoprene rubber composite (1996)

The structure and formation mechanism of carbon gel in carbon black filled polyisoprene composites were studied by the pulsed NMR technique. The composites were prepared from a wide range of molecular weights by a solution blend. The carbon gels were extracted from the composites by a solvent-extraction method. The content of carbon gel was not governed by the molecular weight of rubber but was controlled by the viscosity of rubber solutions which were used for the blend. Three rubber phases, having different spin-spin relaxation times, were detected in all the carbon gels. The increase of carbon gel content in the composites was mainly from the increase of highly mobile rubber phase, and the gel became soft with the development of this phase. On the other hand, the content and structure of glassy rubber phases were not affected by the size of the carbon gel, and they showed almost a constant value despite the large change in the carbon gel content. A part of the highly mobile rubber phase in the gels could be removed by solvent extraction at high temperature. These results suggest that the formation of carbon gel is primarily governed by two factors: One is the well-known rubber-carbon black interaction, and the other is a physical crosslink between the carbon gel and unbound rubber molecules during blend. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Philadelphia Printer: A Study of an Eighteenth-Century Businessman (1966)

This composite portrait of a “community” of printers reveals the composition of their trade and the unique mixture of businessman and publicist they represented in early America.
Aph‐1 interacts at the cell surface with proteins in the active γ‐secretase complex and membrane‐tethered Notch (2005)

The activity of the gamma-secretase complex is critical for the processing of a number of transmembrane proteins, including Notch. Functional gamma-secretase activity can be reconstituted from four proteins--presenilin, nicastrin, Pen-2 and Aph-1--but the role of the individual proteins remains unclear. In this report we describe the cellular localization and protein interactions of Aph-1, with particular regard to Notch receptor processing. We found that Aph-1 is present at the cell surface, where it interacts with Pen-2, the mature forms of presenilin and nicastrin, and full-length Notch. Aph-1 also interacts with a truncated form of Notch, which is a direct substrate for gamma-secretase, but not with the Notch intracellular domain. Immunoprecipitation data for Notch and Aph-1 showed that the Notch-containing gamma-secretase complexes most likely form a small subset of the total number of gamma-secretase complexes. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that Aph-1 is present at the cell surface, presumably in active gamma-secretase complexes, and interacts with the Notch receptor, both before and after ligand activation.
Assessment of decentralized satellite formation control with distributed hardware-in-the-loop testbeds (2003)

Decentralized architectures may offer advantages in comparison to centralized schemes for maintaining and establishing satellite formations. and constellations. For example, because they are non-hierarchical and exploit parallelism, decentralized control approaches potentially offer reliability and graceful degradation under failure scenarios that may be difficult to match with a centralized approach. Offsetting such advantages is additional complexity, in the form of additional data processing at each node and additional inter-nodal communications channels, and the relatively lower level of application proven technology maturity for decentralized approaches. A complete characterization of the costs and benefits of the centralized/decentralized design trade is difficult to achieve in a monolithic software simulation. To better address these issues, several hardware in the loop distributed computing test-beds are under development. This paper provides a status report on a collaborative research effort that is studying the implementation of decentralized control schemes for satellite formations in such testbeds.
Avascular necrosis of femoral head presenting as pathological subcapital neck of femur fracture: An unclassified presentation (2016)

Avascular necrosis of femoral head is not an uncommon chronic disorder of hip in adults. The patient presents to the health facility with varied range of symptoms based on the degree of collapse of the head and arthritic changes at hip. Avascular necrosis of hip presenting as sub-acute condition with pathological sub capital neck of femur fracture has not yet been reported. The commonly used Ficat and Arlet, university of Pennsylvania, association research circulation osseous and the Japanese Investigation Committee on Osteonecrosis do not include such a presentation in the classification nor is management. We report this in an Indian patient aged 42, tailor by occupation presenting with pain and worsening of limp following a squatting event. MRI revealed avascular changes on both hips and sub capital neck of femur fracture on the left. We managed him with an uncemented total hip arthroplasty. The other side was managed conservatively as he was asymptomatic. He had a good result with a Harris hip score of 97 at 7th month follow up.