gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of effects on non-target plants from sulfonylurea herbicides using field approaches (1998)

Since their introduction in the early 1980s, there have been a number of field studies conducted to assess the effects of sulfonylurea herbicides on non-target plants (i.e. plants not labeled for use). In these studies a wide variety of plant response assessment techniques have been used to measure effects on non-target plants. This paper examines the relationship of short-term plant response measurements to plant productivity measurements such as yield or quality. Whether short-term plant response measurements have a practical degree of accuracy and precision appropriate for hazard assessment on non-target plants from sulfonylureas is discussed. A comprehensive review of published literature and unpublished field studies of the effects of sulfonylureas on the yield and quality of non-target plant species is reported. When this information is coupled with exposure factors and environmental fate characteristics, the risks to non-target plants from sulfonylureas are similar to those from other herbicides used at higher application rates. © 1998 SCI.
Computer Simulation of Antimicrobial Peptides (2007)

Naturally occurring and synthetic peptides may be a novel class of clinically useful antibiotics. A large body of experimental data on structure function relationships for such peptides is available, but the molecular mechanism of their action remains elusive in most cases. Computer simulations can give detailed insights into the interactions between peptides and lipid bilayers, at least one crucial step in the antimicrobial mechanism. Here we review recent simulations of antimicrobial peptides and discuss potential future contributions of computer simulations in understanding and ultimately designing antimicrobial peptides.
Chronic inflammation of the peritoneum and vagina: review of its significance, immunologic pathogenesis, investigation and rationale for treatment. (2005)

Chronic inflammation is not an infrequent histologic finding in symptomatic gynecologic patients. It is present in 14.6% of peritoneal biopsies in women with chronic pelvic pain in whom no other cause of pain is evident. It is found in almost all vaginal biopsies in noninfected women with dyspareunia and discharge of vaginal mucosal origin. It represents a local immunologically activated inflammatory disorder. When investigations are car ried out as to whether it is a local representation of a systemic disorder, numerous systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders are discovered. A study of chronic pain reveals that the immune system is intimately involved in the production, conduction and exacerbation of pain and of its clinicalfeatures, such as hyperalgesia and allodynia. Immune modification using local steroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, are known to inhibit inflammatory cells and cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor, which are responsible for pain and tissue damage. These drugs are found to be effective in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain when of an inflammatory nature and for symptomatic chronic inflammation of the vagina.
Argentine Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Trail Pheromone Enhances Consumption of Liquid Sucrose Solution (2000)

We investigated whether the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), trail pheromone, Z9-16:Ald, could enhance recruitment to and consumption of liquid sucrose solutions. All tests were done as paired comparisons with a 10% sucrose solution as food. In the laboratory, mixing 20 microl of a 10-microg/ml solution of the pheromone with 50 microl of the 10% sucrose solution increased the number of ants feeding by >150%. In a field test, we combined the trail pheromone with a 10% sucrose solution in 50-ml vials. These vials were covered with a plastic membrane that has 1.5-mm-diameter holes punched uniformly across its surface. Ants could drink from the holes after the vials were inverted. For half of the vials, 1 microg of the pheromone was put onto the plastic membrane before the vials were filled with a 10% sucrose solution. The remaining vials had no pheromone on the plastic membrane. After 4 h we measured the consumption in each vial. Bait consumption with the pheromone was enhanced by 29%. In a 2nd series of tests, vials were left outside for 24 h. The consumption rate was 33% higher with the pheromone compared with the controls that didn't have pheromone.
The thermal emissivity of some materials used in thermionic valve manufacture (1961)

The laws governing thermal radiation are briefly reviewed and methods of measuring emissivity are described. The apparatus used by the author is described and an account of possible sources of error is given. Results of other workers are quoted wherever available, and the thermal emissivity over the useful working temperature range is given for the following materials. Metals Iron Molybdenum Nickel Tantalum Tungsten Gold Silver Platinum Alloys Nichrome Nimonic Moly-Tungsten Other Surfaces BaO-SrO on Nickel Carbonized Nickel Titania on Nickel Titania on Iron Aluminized Iron Titanium Hydride on Molybdenum Zirconium Preparations on Ni, Mo and Fe. Alumina Carbon
Identication of the topology of power system networks based on past history and mixed integer inequalities (2005)

A new approach is presented for the estimation of the topological state of power system networks. The quantities to be estimated include Boolean variables, allowing to choose among topologies, as well as real variables. These topologies are extracted from the history of each substation. The method is based on transforming the nonlinear constraints into linear inequalities. The final problem is solved by a branch-and-bound algorithm. Results obtained on IEEE networks up to 300 buses are presented.
Abusing the Abuse (1995)

Seemingly more and more individuals identify with some particular pathology which in turn provides significant secondary gains. An efforts has been made to sharpen definitions, to view current fads with specifics, and to question some of the rationalizations.
A General Scaling Rule for Matched Bend Waveguides (2011)

A scaling rule is introduced for reducing the dimensions of a matched waveguide bend without inducing additional transition loss and applied to photonic integrated circuits employing high index contrast waveguides. Mathematical expressions describing the wave propagation in the bend are obtained via a combination of analytical analysis and numerical calculations. These expressions show that if the bend radius R shrinks discretely by n=(m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> /m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> times, where m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and m <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> are the integer number of beat lengths in the original and scaled matched bends, respectively, and the effective width of the waveguide is reduced also by n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> times, then the loss of the matched bend (straight-curved-straight waveguide) transition will remain constant.
Open Educational Resources (OERs): An Overview (2018)

An overview of the current Open Educational Resources (OER) landscape. Includes context, definitions, benefits, challenges, emerging models for addressing challenges, OER activities at the University of Montana, the inclusion of the campus bookstore, and links to several online OER resources.
ExsY and CotY Are Required for the Correct Assembly of the Exosporium and Spore Coat of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (2006)

The exosporium-defective phenotype of a transposon insertion mutant of Bacillus cereus implicated ExsY, a homologue of B. subtilis cysteine-rich spore coat proteins CotY and CotZ, in assembly of an intact exosporium. Single and double mutants of B. cereus lacking ExsY and its paralogue, CotY, were constructed. The exsY mutant spores are not surrounded by an intact exosporium, though they often carry attached exosporium fragments. In contrast, the cotY mutant spores have an intact exosporium, although its overall shape is altered. The single mutants show altered, but different, spore coat properties. The exsY mutant spore coat is permeable to lysozyme, whereas the cotY mutant spores are less resistant to several organic solvents than is the case for the wild type. The exsY cotY double-mutant spores lack exosporium and have very thin coats that are permeable to lysozyme and are sensitive to chloroform, toluene, and phenol. These spore coat as well as exosporium defects suggest that ExsY and CotY are important to correct formation of both the exosporium and the spore coat in B. cereus. Both ExsY and CotY proteins were detected in Western blots of purified wild-type exosporium, in complexes of high molecular weight, and as monomers. Both exsY and cotY genes are expressed at late stages of sporulation.
A framework for classifying and comparing distributed hillslope and catchment hydrologic models (2007)

The term distributed model is widely applied to describe hydrologic models that can simulate broad classes of pathways of water through space, e.g., overland flow, saturated groundwater flow, and/or unsaturated flow in the vadose zone. Because existing distributed modeling approaches differ substantially from one another, we present a common framework from which to compare the many existing hillslope‐ and catchment‐scale models. To provide a context for understanding the structure of the current generation of distributed models, we briefly review the history of hydrologic modeling. We define relevant modeling terms and describe common physical, analytical, and empirical approaches for representing hydrologic processes in the subsurface, surface, atmosphere, and biosphere. We then introduce criteria for classifying existing distributed models based on the nature of their process representation, solution scheme, coupling between the surface and subsurface, and treatment of space and time. On the basis of these criteria we describe 19 representative distributed models and discuss how process, scale, solution, and logistical considerations can be incorporated into model selection and application.
External fixation for complicated tibial fractures (1981)

An account is given of 38 patients with complicated tibial fractures who were treated by the Portsmouth method of external fixation. Twenty-one patients had multiple injuries and 30 had compound fractures of the tibia. Eighteen fractures wounds were infected, 17 cases required bone grafts and 13 had skin grafts. Thirty-four fractures united in an average time of six months; three patients underwent below-knee amputations; one with neurofibromatosis remains ununited. Those treated primarily by external fixation did better than those in whom external fixation was used after failure of another method. Most fresh fractures united with external callus; and the significance of this in relation to the rigidity of fixation is discussed. The method is easy to use, effective and economical. Improvements to permit adjustment of position and testing for union are suggested. We advise the use of this method of external fixation as the primary treatment for complicated tibial fractures where there is a significant risk of infection or non-union.
Mathematical dipoles are adequate to describe realistic generators of human brain activity (1988)

It is investigated whether a mathematical dipole description is adequate for the localization of brain activity on the basis of visually evoked potentials (VEPs). Extended sources (dipole disks and dipole annuli) are stimulated and fitted with a mathematical dipole. It is found that the deviation between the positions of the disks and annuli and the equivalent dipole is very small. Also, the differences in the direction and amplitude may be neglected. The position of the extended source with respect to the electrode grid does not much influence these conclusions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on testis of albino rats: ultrastructural and biochemical studies. (1991)

Testis of male albino rats treated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate DMPA, at the dose of 1 mg/animal/day for 60 days showed degenerative changes in the late spermatids. The changes were related with the mitochondrial sheath of the midpiece, including the plasma membrane enclosing the mitochondria and the mitochondrial cristae. Except lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, all the testicular marker enzymes, viz. beta-glucuronidase, hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase registered a significant decrease. The ultrastructural and biochemical changes are correlated, as the cellular degeneration is responsible for decrease in the activity of the marker enzymes.
A knowledge-based model construction approach to medical decision making. (1996)

We present a framework for representing the probabilistic effects of actions and contingent treatment plans. Our language has a well-defined declarative semantics and we have developed an implemented algorithm (named BNG) that generates Bayesian networks (BN) to compute the posterior probabilities of queries. In this paper we address the problem of projecting a contingent treatment plan by automatically constructing a structure of interrelated BNs, which we call a BN-graph, and applying the available propagation procedures on it. To address the optimal plan generation, we base our approach on the observation that normally the target plan space has a well-defined structure. We provide a language to describe plan spaces which resembles a programming language with loops and conditionals. We briefly present the procedures for finding the optimal plan(s) from such specified plan spaces.
Detecting anomalies in system log files using machine learning techniques (2014)

Log files, which are produced in almost all larger computer systems today, contain highly valuable information about the health and behavior of the system and thus they are consulted very often in order to analyze behavioral aspects of the system. Because of the very high number of log entries produced in some systems, it is however extremely difficult to find relevant information in these files. Computer-based log analysis techniques are therefore indispensable for the process of finding relevant data in log files. However, a big problem in finding important events in log files is, that one single event without any context does not always provide enough information to detect the cause of the error, nor enough information to be detected by simple algorithms like the search with regular expressions. In this work, three different data representations for textual information are developed and evaluated, which focus on the contextual relationship between the data in the input. A new position-based anomaly detection algorithm is implemented and compared to various existing algorithms based on the three new representations. The algorithms are executed on a semantically filtered set of a labeled BlueGene/L log file and evaluated by analyzing the correlation between the labels contained in the log file and the anomalous events created by the algorithms. The results show, that the developed anomaly detection algorithm generates the most correlating set of anomalies by using one of the three representations.
Emission and Cost Configurations in Earthmoving Operations (2012)

Brief introduction to the problem. The paper examines the influence of varying operation parameters such as equipment heterogeneity, pay load, and travel times, on unit emissions and unit costs in earthmoving and like operations. The need to minimise cost and maximise produc tion of earthmoving and like operations has led to such operations being heavily scrutinised. With environmental issues becoming more impor tant, there is now a need to additionally scrutinise and minimise emis sions. Cycle times and production were measured in a cut-and-fill case study operation; average fuel burn data are converted to idling and nonidling emission fractions; and queuing theory is used for the theoretical evaluation of production for varying operation parameters. It is demon strated that the optimum fleet sizes in terms of minimum unit costs and minimum unit emissions coincide in earthmoving operations. The result is independent of any specific operational parameters. The paper con cludes that the traditional way of undertaking earthmoving operations, namely configuring to give minimum unit costs, will also result in mini
IntelliDoctor - AI based Medical Assistant (2019)

IntelliDoctor is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based personal medical assistant. In an attempt to provide smart healthcare and making it more accessible, this interactive application analyzes symptoms to diagnose, predict medical conditions, generates treatments and suggestions based on the inputs provided by the user. In addition to that, the app tracks user's health activities like their step counts, sleep tracking, heart rate sensing and other parameters and displays users their periodic health reports. It incorporates various fitness activities tracked and other factors like their age, gender, location, past medical records, and calories intake to perform a more accurate analysis. It performs accurate comprehensive diagnosis, which also serves as a pre-screening device for Doctors.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Benzimidazole‐2‐carbohydrazide with Electrophilic Compounds. (1987)

Abstract The title compound (I) reacts with the aldehydes or ketones (II) to give the condensation products (III).
A New Approach for Korean Word Spacing Incorporating Confidence Value of User's Input (2007)

One of the problems of automatic word spacers is that the spacer mis-corrects the correctly spaced user's input. In this paper, we propose a new approach of estimating the confidence of user's input and incorporating the confidence value into the spacer for Korean word spacing. The confidence is defined as the probability that the input space is correct and is calculated by maximum likelihood estimation in the training data. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is more reliable than the previous method especially when the user's input is correct, and that the performance can be much improved when the confidence value is more precisely estimated.
Therapeutic targeting of NF-κB in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia – the biological heterogeneity (2010)

NF-κB usually has antiapotptic effects and is involved in regulation of cell proliferation and intercellular communication. This is also true for the malignant cells in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including the malignant stem cells. However, both AML and MDS patients are heterogeneous with regard to the effect of pharmacological NF-κB inhibition, and the final effect will probably also depend on the pharmacological agent used for the inhibition, e.g. proteasomal inhibitiors versus specific inhibitors. Even though initial studies suggest that NF-κB inhibitors have antileukemic effects, their future clinical use will also depend on their toxicity profile.
Review on Network Processor Architectures and Applications (2006)

This paper,starting from the origin of network processors,made a retrospect on their technological development.It also made a discussion on the basic composition of different NP architectures,including a summary on the traits of some typical types.Finally a brief introduction was given on various NP applications and their technological prospect.
A Study on the Spoken Korean Citynames Using Multi-Layered Perceptron of Back-Propagation Algorithm (1994)

This paper is about an experiment of speaker-independent automatic Korean spoken words recognition using Multi-Layered Perceptron and Error Back-propagation algorithm. The object words are 50 citynames of D.D.D local numbers. 43 of those are 2 syllables and the rest 7 are 3 syllables. The words were not segmented into syllables or phonemes, and some feature components extracted from the words in equal gap were applied to the neural network. That led independent result on the speech duration, and the PARCOR coefficients calculated from the frames using linear predictive analysis were employed as feature components. This paper tried to find out the optimum conditions through 4 differerent experiments which are comparison between total and pre-classified training, dependency of recognition rate on the number of frames and PAROCR order, recognition change due to the number of neurons in the hidden layer, and the comparison of the output pattern composition method of output neurons. As a result, the recognition rate of is obtaimed through the research.
The examination of soft tissue compliance in the thoracic region for the development of a spinal manipulation training mannequin. (2015)

There are significant differences in thoracic spine soft tissue compliance in healthy asymptomatic patients between genders in the upper thoracic spine, and between different body types throughout the thoracic spine. It may be beneficial to create multiple versions of practice mannequins to simulate variations amongst different patients.
Repair of Tendon Defect with Dermal Fibroblast Engineered Tendon in a Porcine Model (2006)

Harvesting autologous tenocytes for tendon engineering may cause secondary tendon defect at the donor site. Dermal fibroblasts are an easily accessible cell source and do not cause major donor site defect. This study aims to explore the possibility of tendon engineering using dermal fibroblasts. A total of 45 hybrid pigs were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group (n = 15)--repair of tendon defect with a dermal fibroblast engineered tendon; control group 1 (n = 15)--repair of defect with a tenocyte engineered tendon; and control group 2 (n = 15)-repair of defect with a scaffold alone. Both autologous dermal fibroblasts and tenocytes were seeded on polyglycolic acid (PGA) unwoven fibers to form a cell-scaffold construct and cultured in vitro for 7 days before in vivo implantation to repair a defect of flexor digital superficial tendon. Specimens were harvested at weeks 6, 14, and 26 for gross, histological, and mechanical analyses. Microscopy revealed good attachment of both dermal fibroblasts and tenocytes on PGA fibers and matrix production. In vivo results showed that fibroblast and tenocyte engineered tendons were similar to each other in their gross view, histology, and tensile strength. At 6 weeks, parallel collagen alignment was observed at both ends, but not in the middle in histology, with more cellular components than natural tendons. At weeks 14 and 26, both engineered tendons exhibited histology similar to that of natural tendon. Collagens became parallel throughout the tendon structure, and PGA fibers were completely degraded. Interestingly, dermal fibroblast and tenocyte engineered tendons did not express type III collagen at 26 weeks, which remained observable in normal pig skin and control group 2 tissue using polarized microscopy, suggesting a possible phenotype change of implanted dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, both fibroblast and tenocyte engineered tendons shared similar tensile strength, about 75% of natural tendon strength. At 6 weeks in control group 2, neo-tissue was formed only at the peripheral area by host cells. A cord-like tissue was formed at weeks 14 and 26. However, the formed tissue was histologically disorganized and mechanically weaker than both cell-engineered tendons (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dermal fibroblasts may have the potential as seed cells for tendon engineering.