gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serrated Polyps and Colorectal Cancer: New Pathway to Malignancy (2009)

Until recently, two major forms of colorectal epithelial polyp were recognized: the adenoma and the hyperplastic polyp. Adenomas were perceived to represent the precursor to colorectal cancer, whereas hyperplastic polyps were viewed as innocuous lesions with no potential for progression to malignancy. We now recognize, however, that the lesions formerly classified as hyperplastic actually represent a heterogeneous group of polyps, some of which have a significant risk for neoplastic transformation. These serrated polyps include not only hyperplastic polyps but also traditional serrated adenomas and sessile serrated adenomas. These polyps demonstrate characteristic molecular alterations not commonly seen in colorectal adenomas, and they probably progress to colorectal cancer by means of a new pathway: the serrated neoplasia pathway. The morphologic features of serrated colorectal lesions, the molecular alterations that characterize them, and their role in colorectal cancer development are discussed herein.
Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer’s disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy (2018)

A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, many in vivo and in vitro studies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190 and SB203580 have shown promising anti-apoptotic results in vivo. MW108 inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. The PD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memory in vivo. Natural compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
Formula for the Viscosity of a Glycerol−Water Mixture (2008)

An empirical formula is proposed for the calculation of the viscosity of glycerol-water mixture for mass concentrations in the range of 0-100 % and temperatures varying from 0 to 100 o C. It compares well with three databases available in the literature and its application procedure is also simpler than other previously-developed correlations.
Comparison of the haemodynamic effects of adenosine monophosphate with sodium nitroprusside in a canine model of acute global left ventricular dysfunction (1991)

1. The haemodynamic effects of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were compared in anaesthetized dogs following the induction of acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. 2. LV dysfunction was induced by the intracoronary administration of glass microbeads until left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased from 5 to 15 mmHg. This was associated with a decrease in LV dP/dt and cardiac index (CI) of 30% and 27%, respectively, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) of 37%. 3. Graded doses of AMP (100 to 1000 micrograms kg-1 min-1) or SNP (1 to 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) reduced SVRI and increased CI in a dose-related manner. Heart rate was not altered by either agent. At doses that caused similar reductions in SVRI, CI was increased more by AMP than by SNP. 4. The mechanisms responsible for the greater elevation of CI by AMP relative to SNP may be related to its more selective arterial vasodilator activity. SNP reduced cardiac preload that limited the expected increase in CI. 5. The haemodynamic profile of AMP suggests that it may be useful in the pharmacological management of acute cardiac failure, either when used alone or in combination with positive inotropic agents and/or selective venodilators.
국내 CM 기업의 프로젝트 및 프로그램 관리역량 평가를 위한 자가 역량 평가 시스템 개발 (2015)

세계 금융위기 이후 국내 건설 시장은 주택, 토목 분야의 침체가 지속되어 국내 건설시장의 규모가 축소되고, 수익성 등이 악화되는 등 어려움이 지속 되고 있다. 이에 국내 건설기업들은 해외시장 진출을 가속화하고 있으며 주요 사업 영역은 대부분 시공분야에 편중되어 왔다. 하지만 시공분야의 부가가치는 시공 이전 단계에 비해 낮을 뿐 아니라, 저가 수주 등의 영향으로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 해외 건설 프로젝트의 특성에 부합하는 사업 수행 전 단계에 걸친 프로젝트 관리역량의 향상에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 프로젝트 관리역량 평가 도구들은 전 산업에 적용 가능한 범용적인 모델로 특정한 분야의 프로젝트관리 역량을 평가하기엔 광범위하여 국내 건설 현황에 적합한 평가 시스템의 개발이 시급하다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 CM기업의 국제 경쟁력 향상 및 프로젝트 관리역량 분석을 위해 국내 CM사에 적용 가능한 프로젝트 관리 역량 평가 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 평가시스템은 프로젝트, 프로그램 레벨의 9가지 관리영역과 CM인프라에 대한 자가평가체계로 각 CM기업이 자발적인 관리역량평가와 그에 따른 영역별 역량향상의 도구로 개발되었다. 또한 기업규모에 따른 그룹별 비교분석과 프로젝트, 프로그램 두 레벨의 관리역량과 CM인프라와의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 프로젝트, 프로그램 두 레벨에서의 관리영역을 비교 분석하였다. 기업별 분석 결과는 9개 국내 CM사에 대해 전문가 설문을 통해 산출물 기반의 개선방안 및 요구되는 산출물을 제시하였다. 그룹별 분석결과는 9개 기업의 규모에 따라 두 그룹으로 나누어 프로젝트, 프로그램 레벨의 9가지 관리영역에 대해 평가하였다. 개발된 CM사 프로젝트 관리역량 평가 시스템을 통해 CM기업은 자가역량 평가를 수행 할 수 있으며 기업별 프로젝트, 프로그램 레벨의 관리영역별 역량평가 및 강점과 약점을 파악하고, 동시에 산출물 기반의 개선 및 보완점을 파악하여 관리역량을 향상 시킬 수 있는 개선방안을 제시하였다.
Frequency optimization of focused microwave hyperthermia applicators (1984)

We study the design optimization of focused microwave hyperthermia applicators. For a fixed aperture size and a given penetration depth, an optimal frequency is determined by considering the tradeoff between heat localization and medium loss. At this optimal frequency, the deficiencies of conventional applicators; namely, large spillover, shallow penetration, and excessive surface heating, can be significantly compensated by focused applicators.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of nickel‐titania composite coatings (2010)

Abstract Nickel‐titania composite coatings were prepared under direct current conditions by codeposition of nano titania particles (21 nm) and nickel from a nickel Watts type bath. Current density, concentration of titania particles, effect of agitation, and ultrasonic waves were investigated and the optimum values of these parameters for reaching to maximum vol% of titania particles in the coating were determined. Microhardness of these coatings was investigated by Vickers method and their morphological properties and chemical composition were studied by SEM and EDS analysis, respectively. The results showed that optimal values of current density, concentration of particles, and agitation rate exist that maximum percent of particles codeposited in the coating. Also it is demonstrated that using the ultrasonic waves dramatically decrease the agglomeration of particles in the coating.
Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties of Psidium guajava L. (1994)

The antidiarrheal properties of water and methanolic extracts of Psidium guajava leaves have been demonstrated with anteriority and their spasmolytic effect was attributed to quercetin, a flavonoid contained in this plant. The present paper reports the intestinal smooth muscle relaxation produced by quercetin on isolated guinea pig ileum previously contracted by a depolarizing KCl solution. Quercetin also inhibited intestinal contraction induced by different concentrations of calcium, shifting the contraction curve to the right showing a clear calcium-antagonistic effect. Quercetin effect on ileal and aortic smooth muscles are compared, the ileum being more sensitive to this flavonoid. The calcium-antagonist property of quercetin is discussed and also its contribution to explain the spasmolytic effect of this popular herbal remedy.
A data acquisition and analysis system for coastal ocean measurements (2002)

A rapidly expanding high priority coastal engineering research and development requirement is to provide prototype wave, current and tide information from the littoral coastal zone for computational modeling, experimental investigations, and project design. In the last eight years, coastal data acquisition has grown from a few self-contained systems into three major data collection efforts with a total of 25 near-real-time systems and numerous self-contained systems. To meet the demand for additional field sites, the Prototype and Analysis System (PMAS) was developed. An analysis of requirements determined the entity-objects and attributes necessary to complete data acquisition, storage, and reduction. An object oriented model was applied to these entity-objects resulting in a relational database whose contents are used to control each task. Sample data, sample data descriptors, sensor calibrations, analysis results, and analysis result descriptors are examples of entity-objects.
Design of the DS-UWB Communication System Based on Chaotic Variable Spreading Factor (2011)

In this paper, an improved DS-UWB communication system used chaotic spread spectrum sequences has been proposed, UWB technology can detect the distance between the nodes, the system employs variable spreading factor(VSF) according to the transmission distance to control the length Spreading Code. And the Software Defined Radio (SDR) realization of the system is given. Simulation results show that the system proposed in this paper has lower Bit Error Rate (BER) and better effective data rate.
Antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of lycopene (2011)

The recent search for new anti-cancer drugs focuses more on natural compounds from the regular human diet because these compounds rarely exhibit severe side-effects yet efficiently act on a wide range of molecular targets involved in carcinogenesis. One promising compound, which is now being tested in clinical studies, is the tomato-derived carotenoid lycopene. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cellular action of lycopene and presents the molecular targets responsible for its remarkable chemopreventive and anti-proliferative activity. Its antioxidant effects include a considerable reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, which allows lycopene to prevent lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Simultaneously, lycopene induces enzymes of the cellular antioxidant defense systems by activating the antioxidant response element transcription system. As another chemopreventive strategy, lycopene increases gap junctional communication, which is suppressed during carcinogenesis. This review focuses also on the synergistic effects of lycopene with other natural antioxidants that might be important for its future application in anti-cancer treatment. Lastly, this review provides evidence for the biological activity of some oxidized lycopene metabolites, which seem to be partially responsible for the strong and manifold anti-cancer potential of lycopene.
The Eildon Tree (2011)

The Eildon Tree is a creative writing magazine showcasing work from the Scottish Borders and beyond.
Scalable cryptographic scheme for networked multimedia applications (2002)

Computer security has become the main stream issue to protect the sensitive information in open networks. The complete secure system is hard to design these days due to vulnerabilities in firewalls, file and application servers, email servers, and Web servers. The solution to problems of computer security and privacy can be achieved by the cryptography mechanism. A popular way to implement security protocols uses a combination of several cryptographic schemes to overcome various limitations of security primitives. The design of scalable security protocols that are interrelated with a single cryptosystem for multimedia is a challenging cryptographic technology in the cryptologic research community. We propose the scalable cryptographic scheme for security services. The proposed eigen-based security primitives solves a wide range of secrecy, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity problems in many security aware multimedia applications. The new cryptography technology may play an important role in the trusted network interpretation environments.
A frequency offset estimation technique for wireless channels (2002)

A new parameter estimation technique based on channel impulse response estimation is introduced which is desirable in wireless channels since it is robust in environments with considerable delay spread. It also has a fast convergence, and is thus desirable in burst transmission systems. The shortcomings of some of the existing algorithms are also discussed.
Can COPD Patients Who Hyperinflate During Daily Life Activities Be Identified by Laboratory Tests? (2013)

Both CPET and MPT can serve as screening tools to identify patients who are susceptible to developing DH during ADL. In practice, MPT is the most simple and inexpensive surrogate. However, the sensitivity of MPT is not optimal. When DH does not occur during CPET, it is unlikely to occur during ADL.
C-E Translation Strategies of Diplomatic Speech from the Perspective of Skopos Theory (2019)

As a necessary part of diplomatic activities, diplomatic speech not only shows the political policy of the speaker’s country, but also expressestheir government’s attitude towards unilateral or multilateral relations. Therefore, there is no doubt that the C-E translation of diplomatic speech is significant. Under the guidance of Skopos theory and with the analysisof diplomatic speeches’ stylistic feature, this paper aims to figure out C-E Translation strategies of diplomatic speechby analyzing the speeches delivered by Xi Jinpingfrom the lexical, syntactical, and discourse level.
Etude des enzymes plasmatiques des taureaux de combat tués en corridas (<sup>1</sup>) (1985)

Blood samples were taken from 50 fighting bulls used in several Spanish bullfights as soon as possible after the animals were killed. The blood was centrifuged and the plasma assayed for CK, GOT, LDH, GPT, gamma-GT and for alkaline phosphatase activity. The animals were grouped into three lots (A, B and C) according to the strength they showed during the bullfight. The results showed an inverse relationship between CK, GOT and LDH activities and bull strength during the bullfight, and significant differences were observed in CK activity among the three groups. It was concluded that the high CK, GOT and LDH levels observed in groups B and C might be due to the fact either that the animals were subjected to more exercise and/or trauma during the days and hours preceding the bullfight or that some type of subclinical muscle pathology was present.
B4.3 - Optical Sensor system for 3D measurements on large gears (2017)

Increasing demands require fast 3D geometric measurements of large gears with m resolution, because detailed information regarding causes of geometrical deviations from the production process and the prediction of application properties, such as noise behavior, wear or material fatigue, are only possible by having accurate information about the gear geometry. As state of the art, pointwise tactile measurements are preferred, but the measurement rate is too low in particular for large gears. Optical sensors have the potential for fast multi-point measurements. However, the measurement at the convex and reflective surface of large metallic gears is challenging for optical sensor principles. For this purpose, a laser line triangulation sensor is investigated providing 1280 points at a line width of 25 mm with a depth resolution of 2 m and up to 2000 lines/s. As a result, 2.56 million measurement points can be acquired per second when employing a scanning. Measurement results at the tooth of a large gear with 956 mm diameter, a height of 246 mm and a module of 10 mm demonstrate the applicability of the sensor for fast geometric measurements with a lateral resolution of 19.5 m. The laser line triangulation is qualified for fast three-dimensional measurements of the convex and reflective surface of large gears. The high measurement rate of 37,333 measurement points per second has been successfully applied in an optical scanning method for the measurement of a complete tooth flank of a large gear. In comparison with a tactile reference measurement, the measurement deviation amounts 19.8 m.
Biosynthesis of glyantrypine by Aspergillus clavatus (1992)

The biosynthesis of glyantrypine from radiolabelled amino acid precursors has been shown experimentally to involve anthranilic acid, tryptophan and glycine. Low values for percentage incorporation of radiolabel into glyantrypine were partly influenced by a complex array of other novel alkaloids shown by the radiolabelling experiments to be related to glyantrypine. Interpretation of radiolabel incorporation from [14C-carboxyl]-anthranilic acid into microbial metabolites seen to contain an anthranilyl moiety in various biosynthetic arrangements is discussed. The possibility of diversion of anthranilic acid from the kynurenine pathway to glyantrypine biosynthesis is recognised.
Biotechnological production of biodiesel fuel using biocatalysed transesterification: A review (2009)

Biotechnological production of biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade compared to chemical-catalysed production since biocatalysis-mediated transesterification has many advantages. Currently, there are extensive reports on enzyme-catalysed transesterification for biodiesel production; the related research can be classified into immobilised-extracellular and immobilised-intracellular biocatalysis and this review focusses on these forms of biocatalyst for biodiesel production. The optimisation of the most important operating conditions affecting lipase-catalysed transesterification and the yield of alkyl esters, such as the type and form of lipase, the type of alcohol, the presence of organic solvents, the content of water in the oil, temperature and the presence of glycerol, are discussed. However, there is still a need to optimise lipase-catalysed transesterification and reduce the cost of lipase production before it is applied commercially. Optimisation research of lipase-catalysed transesterification could include development of new reactor systems with immobilised biocatalysts, the use of lipases tolerant to organic solvents, intracellular lipases (whole microbial cells) and genetically modified microorganisms (intelligent yeasts). Biodiesel fuel is expensive in comparison with petroleum- based fuel and 60-70% of the cost is associated with feedstock oil and enzyme. Therefore ways of reducing the cost of biodiesel with respect to enzyme and substrate oils reported in literature are also presented.
Equal access to information for all (1995)

On March 27th, 1995, the World Wide Web and the information super highway took a big step on the road to becoming the new window into the world of information. On that date MCI began its InternetMCI service. The net surfer can now shop, get critical information and news, get investment advice and much more. And this is only the first step. By a series of simple mouse clicks, the user has almost instant access to services and products almost anywhere in the world.The use of modern computers and software by the visually handicapped has become more difficult over the past few years. In earlier systems the user interface was a simple character based environment. In those systems, simple devices like screen readers, braille output and speech synthesizers were effective. Current systems now run Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) which have rendered these simple aids almost useless. In no area has this problem become more important than in technologies for the handicapped. What has become enabling technology for the sighted has become disabling technology for the visually impaired.
Determination of Aliphatic Organic Acids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection (2001)

A new ion exclusion HPLC procedure accomplished with a pulsed electrochemical detection for the determination of several common aliphatic acids is described. A triple-step waveform of the applied potentials, based on the formation/inhibition of PtOH species on the electrode surface, is successfully used for sensitive detection of several aliphatic acids in flowing systems avoiding pre- or postcolumn derivatization and/or cleanup procedures. Under optimal chromatographic conditions (i.e., 50 mM HClO(4)) the proposed method allowed detection limits between 0.5 and 7 microM for all investigated acids, and the dynamic linear range spanned generally over 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. Determination of citric, malic, tartaric, lactic, formic, and acetic acids in several foods and beverages was performed, in approximately 15 min, without the necessity of any sample pretreatment.
Nd-vanadate thin-disk lasers under diode pumping into the 4F5/2 and 4F3/2 levels (2007)

We report on continuous-wave 532-nm Nd:YVO4 thin-disk lasers with output powers of 6.4 W and 4.4 W with pumping at 808 nm and 880 nm, respectively. Also, deep-blue emission in the watt regime was achieved from Nd-doped vanadates.
The search for new ways to treat obesity (2002)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A recursive least-squares digital distance relaying algorithm (1999)

A new digital distance relaying algorithm based on the well-known theory of least-squares is developed, and the results of testing it using numerical simulation are presented. The new technique estimates the distance to the fault and the fault resistance. To minimize the computational requirements of the digital relay, a recursive least-squares approach is used. Computer simulation results of the new least-squares algorithm seem promising, indicating that it should be considered for further testing and evaluation.
B-Face: 0.2 MW CNN-Based Face Recognition Processor with Face Alignment for Mobile User Identification (2018)

An ultra-low-power face recognition processor with binary weight convolutional neural network core and face alignment accelerator is proposed for high accuracy even with head pose variations. Binary convolution core with exhaustive input reuse and interleaved output memory access is proposed to minimize power consumption, resulting in 13.3 TOPS/W power efficiency. In addition, face alignment core with zero-aware pipelining is proposed to minimize external memory access. As a result, the face recognition system with maximum 48 frames-per-second throughput and 0.2 mW minimum power consumption is realized.