gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of loci on chromosome 5A of wheat involved in control of cold hardiness, vernalization, leaf length, rosette growth habit, and height of hardened plants (1990)

The offspring from crosses of 'Cadet' by 'Cadet – Rescue 5A' and 'Winalta' by 'Winalta – Rescue 5A' were studied to obtain information on the inheritance of cold hardiness, winter–spring growth habit, rosette growth habit, height of cold-hardened plants, and length of leaves of hardened plants. The results indicate that a minimum of two loci on chromosome 5A are involved with cold hardening. One locus controls hardiness in part and is tightly linked to the one that controls in part the length of leaves of hardened plants. The other locus is, or it tightly linked to, Vrn1, a winter-spring growth habit locus. This locus may also control part of rosette growth habit. It is postulated that Vrn1 is involved in sensing temperature and in part triggering vernalization, cold hardening, and the development of the rosette growth habit. If so, Vrn1 could code for production of a temperature-sensitive protein, which undergoes conformational changes with changes in temperature.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cold hardiness, vernalization, rosette growth habit, plant height, leaf length, temperature sensing.
Use of Biomaterials for 3D Printing by Fused Deposition Modeling Technique: A Review (2020)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary manufacturing technique that can fabricate a 3D object by depositing materials layer by layer. Different materials such as metals, polymers, and concretes are generally used for 3D printing. In order to make 3D printing sustainable, researchers are working on the use of different bioderived materials for 3D printing. Because of the abundant and sustainable sources, and versatile properties, biomaterials are considered as the potential candidates that have the ability to replace petroleum-based polymers. This review highlights the basic overview of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of 3D printing and recent developments that have occurred on FDM printing using biomaterials. Specifically, FDM printing process, final properties, and characteristics of biopolymers, their composites, and polymers containing biofillers are discussed.
AHP Based Data Mining for Customer Segmentation Based on Customer Lifetime Value (2016)

Data mining techniques are widely used in various areas of marketing management for extracting useful information. Particularly in a business-to-customer B2C setting, it plays an important role in customer segmentation. A retailer not only tries to improve its relationship with its customers, but also enhances its business in a manufacturer-retailer-consumer chain with respect to this information. Although there are various approaches for customer segmentation, we have used an analytic hierarchical process based data mining technique in this regard. Customers are segmented into six clusters based on Davis-Bouldin DB index and K-Means algorithm. Customer lifetime value CLV along four dimensions, viz., Length L, Recency R, Frequency F and Monetary value M are considered for these clusters. Then, we apply Saaty’s analytical hierarchical process AHP to determine the weights of these criteria, which in turn, helps in computing the CLV value for each of the clusters and their
Design and analysis of a dual‐cavity coat‐hanger die (1989)

Abstract A method for the design and analysis of a dual‐cavity coat‐hanger die is presented in this paper. A macroscopic material balance and a microscopic flow analysis using the finite element method are combined to simulate polymeric fluid flow inside the die. Leonard's macroscopic procedure was adopted to include inertial, gravitational, and viscous effects, and the finite element method was then applied to estimate the contributions of inertial and viscous terms. In addition, the flow patterns in the outer cavity were computed by the finite element method so that the appearance of an undesirable vortex could be predicted. The residence time distributions for flow in the die were approximated by a simple, statistical approach. It was found through a case study that a dual‐cavity coathanger die can effectively reduce the flow non‐uniformities caused by fluid inertia and viscosity variations.
Nano- and micro-scale studies of exocytosis (2007)

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.
Genome shuffling to improve thermotolerance, ethanol tolerance and ethanol productivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

Genome shuffling is a powerful strategy for rapid engineering of microbial strains for desirable industrial phenotypes. Here we improved the thermotolerance and ethanol tolerance of an industrial yeast strain SM-3 by genome shuffling while simultaneously enhancing the ethanol productivity. The starting population was generated by protoplast ultraviolet irradiation and then subjected for the recursive protoplast fusion. The positive colonies from the library, created by fusing the inactivated protoplasts were screened for growth at 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 degrees C on YPD-agar plates containing different concentrations of ethanol. Characterization of all mutants and wild-type strain in the shake-flask indicated the compatibility of three phenotypes of thermotolerance, ethanol tolerance and ethanol yields enhancement. After three rounds of genome shuffling, the best performing strain, F34, which could grow on plate cultures up to 55 degrees C, was obtained. It was found capable of completely utilizing 20% (w/v) glucose at 45-48 degrees C, producing 9.95% (w/v) ethanol, and tolerating 25% (v/v) ethanol stress.
A programmable analog neural network chip (2003)

Analog VLSI implementations of adaptive systems, either of the traditional variety or the more complex types frequently found in neural network models of learning, require variable analog weights which are compact and have substantial resolution. The authors have designed a chip in ordinary 1.25- mu m CMOS which stores analog weights as charge on MOS capacitors. The weights, of which there are 1104 per chip, can be updated in parallel along a vector in weight space, allowing for efficient implementations of gradient descent algorithms. The chips are organized as 46*24 matrix multipliers with voltage inputs and current outputs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A robust method for parameter estimation of signal-dependent noise models in digital images (2002)

A class of signal-dependent noise models is discussed, with reference to the cases of film-grain and speckle noise, which are commonly encountered in image processing applications. The model is uniquely defined by the variance of the zero-mean random noise (independent of the signal) and by the gamma exponent which rules the dependence with the signal. A robust procedure for measuring such parameters directly from the noisy images is presented. First, the gamma coefficient is estimated from at least three homogeneous non-textured regions. Then, the noise variance is determined as the mode of the histogram of the ratio between the local variance, and the local mean raised to twice the gamma. Computer simulations show the high accuracy of the results.
Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants (2015)

This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be discussed in detail in order to compare their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. Published literature for the last 18 years was selected with the use of keywords like titanium dental implant, surface roughness, coating, and osseointegration. Significant surface roughness played an important role in providing effective surface for bone implant contact, cell proliferation, and removal torque, despite having good mechanical properties. Overall, published studies indicated that an acid etched surface-modified and a coating application on commercial pure titanium implant was most preferable in producing the good surface roughness. Thus, a combination of a good surface roughness and mechanical properties of titanium could lead to successful dental implants.
Restart Signaling for IS-IS (2008)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the
Comparison of texture features based on Gabor filters (2002)

Texture features that are based on the local power spectrum obtained by a bank of Gabor filters are compared. The features differ in the type of nonlinear post-processing which is applied to the local power spectrum. The following features are considered: Gabor energy, complex moments, and grating cell operator features. The capability of the corresponding operators to produce distinct feature vector clusters for different textures is compared using two methods: the Fisher (1923) criterion and the classification result comparison. Both methods give consistent results. The grating cell operator gives the best discrimination and segmentation results. The texture detection capabilities of the operators and their robustness to nontexture features are also compared. The grating cell operator is the only one that selectively responds only to texture and does not give false response to nontexture features such as object contours.
Malaria Prevention in Short-Term Travelers (2008)

A family is planning a safari that includes 3 days in Cape Town, 3 days in Kruger National Park, South Africa, and 3 days in Victoria Falls, Zambia. The 31-year-old husband takes no medications, but recently he discontinued fluoxetine for depression. His 29-year-old wife is healthy and 15 weeks pregnant. Their 7-year-old child is in good health. How should the risk and prevention of malaria be managed in this family?
More than Just an Internet Hype: Added Value with Spatial-Enabled Enterprise Applications (2008)

Just a few years ago spatial data was only relevant for surveying and mapping authorities (land registries). In the meantime the situation is a completely different one. Navigation systems or services like Google Earth and Google Maps lead to broad awareness of spatial data. Using the Oracle technology as an example the session gives an overview about combining spatial with business data (converting postal addresses into coordinates, spatial queries, visualization and more) and how such an integration could leverage existing or new business applications.
The fifth domain of <i>beta</i> 2-glycoprotein I contains a phospholipid binding site (Cys281-Cys288) and a region recognized by anticardiolipin antibodies. (1994)

We have identified a phospholipid binding site in the fifth domain of beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI). Using synthetic peptides spanning the fifth domain of beta 2-GPI, we have shown that the presence of the sequence Glu274-Cys288 caused a decrease in the binding of purified anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies in a modified cardiolipin (CL)-ELISA by inhibiting the binding of beta 2-GPI to CL. This peptide bound to and could be eluted from a CL affinity column in a manner similar to native beta 2-GPI. Peptides corresponding to other regions of the fifth domain had no inhibitory effect. The inhibitory activity was restricted to the sequence Cys281-Lys-Asn-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Cys288. Peptides in which the two flanking cysteine residues were deleted or substituted with serine residues possessed no inhibitory activity, indicating that the conformation of this highly positively charged sequence may be critical for phospholipid binding. aCL antibodies purified from patients with autoimmune disease were shown to bind directly to wells coated with native beta 2-GPI but not to wells coated with a preparation of beta 2-GPI cleaved between Lys317 and Thr318. The integrity of this sequence is therefore critical for these antibodies to recognize beta 2-GPI, and the putative epitope for aCL antibodies is most likely to be in this region.
Clay nanotubes as growth factor delivery vehicle for bone tissue formation (2014)

A wide variety of natural and synthetic materials (and combinations) have been used to bioengineer bone tissue. Growth factors have been supplied to progenitor cells in various forms to trigger a series of metabolic pathways leading to cellular proliferation, differentiation and functionality. The challenge is to supply these proteins, in the range of nano or even picograms, and in a sustained fashion over a period of time. Such a delivery system has yet to be developed. Alginate hydrogels are widely used to as a drug delivery system. We used halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as carriers for the delivery of BMPs 2, 4 and 6, singly and in combination. Growth factors were vacuum loaded into HNTs and doped HNTs added to osteoblast-seeded alginate hydrogels. Cell proliferation, functionality and mineralization were observed over a 21-day period. Controls had unloaded HNTs dispersed within the alginate hydrogel. Halloysite nanoparticles showed a sustained release of all BMPs over a 21-day period with the dosage in picograms per milliliter. Increased collagen deposition, bone protein expression and formation of a mineralized matrix were observed that increased over the 21-day period. There was an increase in hydrogel material properties. Osteoblast proliferation, bone protein expression and mineralization in control cultures were reduced in comparison to experimental cultures. The data supports the potential use of a hydrogel-growth-factor doped HNT system as part of a novel osteogenic system that can deliver growth factors to the injured site (fracture, bone loss) and assist in bone repair. David K. Mills et al., J Nanomed Nanotechnol 2013, 4:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.S1.013
DEBBIE: a configurable user interface for CAD frameworks (2002)

The requirements for CAD framework user interfaces and the implementation of the DEBBIE user interface system in the HILDA CAD framework environment are discussed. By using DEBBIE designers are allowed to work on a conceptual level, free from data/tool management, to do creative design work. Many design tasks are automated to speed up the design processes. With a configurable user interface, designers can make the system look/act the way they want it to instead of trying to learn what the system forces on them. By allowing them easy integration and activation of tools, designers can pick and choose the best design tools available without worrying about compatibility of different tools. With standard tool interface programs, designers also spend much less time learning to use new tools. An overview of DEBBIE and general requirements of user interface for CAD frameworks are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
E.S.R. studies of TCNQ complex salts (1978)

The technique of electron spin resonance was used to study the magnetic properties of a number of complex salts of 7,7' ,8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in order to obtain a more complete understanding of the electronic states in these materials.\nAll but one of the cations used in the preparation of these compounds were divalent and their TCNQ complex salts exhibit magnetic behaviour characteristic of thermally accessible triplet excitons. Three of these compounds, 1,2-di(N-p-cyanobenzyl-4-pyridinium)ethylene (DCBP)-(TCNQ)3' 1,2-di(N-methyl-4-pyridinium)ethane (DMPA)-(TCNQ)4 (I), and 1,4-di(N-pyridinium)butane (DPB)-(TCNQ)4' were available as single crystals and could be studied in detail. Four of these, however, were only available in polycrystalline form and these were DMPA(TCNQ)4(II) and 1,2-di(N-alkyl-4-pyridinium)ethylene (DRPE)-(TCNQ)S' in which R equals n-propyl (P), n-butyl (B), and cyclohexyl (H). The existence of two phases (I and II) of DMPA(TCNQ)4' first indicated by the electrical data, was supported by the different magnetic behaviour observed in this work.\nThe absolute magnitudes of the signal intensity for DPPE(TCNQ)S' DHPE(TCNQ)S and DMPA(TCNQ)4 (II) ,were found to be well described by an approximate solution to the Heisenberg Hamiltonian, which indicates an exciton band is present in these compounds. The absence of dipolar splitting and the high d.c. conductivity supports this interpretation.\nHowever, DMPA(TCNQ)4(I), DPB(TCNQ)4' DBPE(TCNQ)S and DCBP(TCNQ)3 gave results indicative of localised triplet excitons. The latter compound exhibits dipolar splitting, and information concerning the exciton dynamics could be obtained. These results were consistent with the conductivity data and, where available, the crystal structure determinations.\nThe complex salt TPT(TCNQ)4 was available in single crystal form and contained the only trivalent cation studied in this work. The temperature independent signal intensity indicated that triplet excitons were not present, and this behaviour was typical of Pauli paramagnetism. This observation was consistent with the semi-metallic d.c. conductivity observed and was explained in terms of the high degree of disorder present, as indicated by the crystal structure determination.
Heat treatment of vegetable oils. II. GC‐MS and GC‐FTIR spectra of some isolated cyclic fatty acid monomers (1987)

Abstract Gas liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) showed that the cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) isolated from a heated linseed oil have two ethylenic bonds, while the CFAM isolated from heated sunflower oils were saturated and monoethylenic isomers. GC‐MS studies also showed the presence of cyclohexenic derivatives in the case of linseed oil. GLC coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (GC‐FTIR) studies indicated that the CFAM isolated from linseed oil were of cis (Z), trans (E) structures except two components which were cis,cis (Z,Z) dienoic acids. The unsaturated CFAM isolated from sunflower oils were cis (Z) and trans (E) monoethylenic isomers. For sunflower oils, the major CFAM were isomers having a cis (Z) ethylenic bond. The saturated CFAM isolated from a heated sunflower oil had molecular weights of 296 and 294. The latter could correspond to some bicyclic isomers.
Enhanced Production of a Plant Monoterpene by Overexpression of the 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Catalytic Domain in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2010)

Linalool production was evaluated in different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the Clarkia breweri linalool synthase gene (LIS). The wine strain T(73) was shown to produce higher levels of linalool than conventional laboratory strains (i.e., almost three times the amount). The performance of this strain was further enhanced by manipulating the endogenous mevalonate (MVA) pathway: deregulated overexpression of the rate-limiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) doubled linalool production. In a haploid laboratory strain, engineering of this key step also improved linalool yield.
Digital Signal Processing in Video Tape Recorders (1985)

Digital processing was successfully introduced into television sets by our system of VLSI circuits. It is the next logical step to replace the even more complicated analog processing in Video Tape Recorders (VTRs) of the well known systems (VHS, Beta, Video 2000) by digital means.
Calcium current variation between acutely isolated adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons of different size. (1992)

1. The distribution of pharmacologically and/or biophysically unique Ca2+ current subtypes was studied in different diameter rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cell bodies. DRG cells which fell into three diameter ranges, small (20-27 microns), medium (33-38 microns) and large (45-51 microns), were studied. T-type Ca2+ current was defined as low-threshold, rapidly inactivating current evoked by a weak test depolarization (-50 mV) from negative holding potentials (-80 to -100 mV), and which was sensitive to changes in holding potential. L-type Ca2+ current was defined as peak high-threshold Ca2+ current evoked from a holding potential of -60 mV and sensitive to blockade by 2 microM-nimodipine. N-type Ca2+ current was defined as peak high-threshold Ca2+ current evoked from a holding potential of -60 mV and sensitive to blockade by 0.9 microM-omega-conotoxin GVIA. 2. T-type Ca2+ currents were observed in small and medium diameter, but not in large diameter, DRG cell bodies. Large diameter DRG cell bodies had a small amount of low-threshold Ca2+ current but this current did not inactivate and was insensitive to a change in holding potential from -80 to -90 mV, and thus did not appear to be conducted through T-type Ca2+ channels. The T-type Ca2+ currents observed in medium diameter DRG cell bodies were considerably larger in amplitude (1-6 nA) than those observed in small diameter DRG cell bodies (100 pA-1 nA). This difference could not be accounted for by the difference in membrane surface area of small versus medium diameter DRG cell bodies. 3. The T-type Ca2+ currents observed in medium diameter DRG cells were sensitive to blockade by amiloride. Amiloride (500 microM) blocked 79.4 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of T-type Ca2+ current amplitude in six medium diameter DRG cell bodies which were held at -80 mV and depolarized to -50 or -40 mV. Amiloride (500 microM) failed to block high-threshold current in five medium diameter DRG cell bodies, indicating that it was specific for T-type Ca2+ current in these cells. 4. The percentage of peak whole-cell L-type Ca2+ current was significantly larger in small diameter DRG cell bodies (52.9 +/- 4.7% of total whole-cell Ca2+ current) than in medium diameter DRG cell bodies (6.6 +/- 3.9% of total whole-cell Ca2+ current) or large diameter DRG cell bodies (19.4 +/- 5.7% of total whole-cell Ca2+ current).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Immunogenetics of collagen-induced arthritis. (1987)

Abstract CIA is a unique experimental model of disease, which may be particularly relevant to the study of RA, since it represents a true autoimmune reaction against a major joint component. Since it represents a model of the association of MHC genes and disease, it has a broad relevance to the study of disease, particularly the contribution of class II MHC genes to autoimmunity. This disease model has been demonstrated in three species, and a marked influence of immunogenetic control is apparent. Native type II collagen is a large protein with a genetically conserved structure, giving rise to a number of cross-reactive antigen epitopes between species. Susceptibility to CIA correlates with an Ir directed against certain epitopes, and this autoimmune response appears to be controlled by MHC-linked genes. In the mouse, susceptibility has been specifically associated with variations in the I-A beta chain. The immunogenetic control may be effected through the T-cell recognition of the collagen molecule, resulting in antibodies and reactive cells with a specificity for native autologous type II collagen. Although the specificity of the anti-type II collagen response is the critical element in the generation of the autoimmune reaction, production of a high level of antibody is important, as well as a complement-fixing isotype. Cell-mediated immunity to type II collagen contributes to the disease chronicity, either through the generation of inappropriate T help, or a suppressor defect, and the production of factors. However, the precise sequence of events, from antigen recognition to joint damage, has yet to be elucidated fully. Some aspects of this experimental model bear a striking resemblence to RA. Hopefully, this experimental model will provide valuable insights into the significance of collagen autoimmunity and the contribution of class II genes to the pathology of arthritic disease.