gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Average-case analysis of off-line and on-line knapsack problems (1995)

We consider the average-case behavior of the Zero?One Knapsack problem, as well as an on-line version studied by Marchetti-Spaccamela and Vercellis. We allow the capacity of the knapsack to grow proportionally to the number of items, so that the optimum solution tends to be ?(n). Under fairly general conditions on the distribution, we obtain a description of the expected value of the optimum offline solution which is accurate up to terms which areo(1). We then consider a simple greedy method for the on-line problem, which is calledOnLineGreedyand is allowed to use knowledge of the distribution, and we show that the solution obtained by this algorithm differs from the true optimum by an average of ?(logn); in fact, we can determine the multiplicative constant hidden by the ?-notation. Thus on average the cost of being forced to give answers on-line is quite small compared to the optimum solution. We also show that no on-line algorithm can improve overOnLineGreedyby more thano(logn). Our results hold, under fairly general conditions on the input distribution, for either the Zero?One Knapsack problem or its linear programming relaxation.
Returning home to normal life? The plight of displaced Angolans (2004)

Amongst all the atrocities of war, one of the most tragic consequences of the 27 year long civil conflict in Angola was that over 4 million of civilians were forced to leave their homelands searching for safe havens elsewhere in the country and becoming internally displaced persons (IDPs). The 4th of April 2002, date of the ceasefire signed by the Angolan Army (Forcas Armadas de Angola) and the UNITA military forces (Forcas Militares da Uniao National para Independencia Total de Angola UNITA-FMU) represented the most evident sign of hope for those people to return home and rebuild a normal life. 
The paper analyses what happened in those 18 months including governmental policies, the contribution of the international community and the difficulties encountered by the returning populations. It finally identifies the most urgent priorities to be met by the competent actors involved, in light of the ultimate goal of securing a lasting peace.
Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection during the 1990's. (1991)

Among the many infectious complications of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis is now recognized as one of the most important. Coexisting HIV infection is believed responsible for the soaring incidence of tuberculosis in Africa, and for the increase in the number of reported cases in the United States. As HIV-induced immunosuppression worsens, tuberculosis may supervene by reactivation of remotely acquired infection or failure to defend against newly acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both mechanisms undoubtedly occur in Africa where the rate of exposure is high; the former prevails in the United States. The risk of tuberculous infection progressing to tuberculous disease is about six times higher in HIV seropositive than seronegative persons. Although not incontrovertibly established, tuberculosis probably also has a deleterious effect on coexisting HIV infection, either by accelerating the rate of destruction of CD4+ lymphocytes and/or promoting the release of new virions from HIV-infected macrophages. Tuberculosis, whether HIV-linked or not, can be controlled by the traditional means of case-finding and treatment, vaccination with BCG, and chemoprophylaxis. HIV infection can be controlled by eliminating high-risk behavior, and using uncontaminated blood and other medical supplies. An extensive campaign is needed to prevent further spread of these dual scourges that are overwhelming already meager health resources in many parts of the world.
Pillar[5]arenes: fascinating cyclophanes with a bright future (2011)

Pillar[5]arenes are [1(5)]paracyclophane derivatives consisting of 1,4-disubstituted hydroquinones linked by methylene bridges in the 2,5-positions. The first report of these novel macrocycles was in 2008, when 1,4-dimethoxypillar[5]arene was prepared in 22% yield, and subsequent improvements in synthetic methods have allowed the number of derivatives to expand significantly. In addition to D(5) symmetric pillar[5]arenes, asymmetric pillar[5]arenes with two different substituents in the 1- and 4-positions and copillar[5]arenes consisting of two different repeat units in a 4 : 1 ratio have been synthesised. Crystallographic, computational and spectroscopic studies are starting to shed light on the compounds' unusual inclusion phenomena, from gelation and transportation of water through nanotubes to the formation of chromogenic rotaxanes. Applications as molecular sensors are starting to appear with a focus on guest detection by fluorescence quenching. This tutorial review will provide a summary of research into the pillar[5]arenes since their recent discovery.
Estimation of Young’s Modulus of Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

The Young's modulus of graphene is estimated by measuring the strain applied by a pressure difference across graphene membranes using Raman spectroscopy. The strain induced on pressurized graphene balloons can be estimated directly from the peak shift of the Raman G band. By comparing the measured strain with numerical simulation, we obtained the Young's modulus of graphene. The estimated Young's modulus values of single- and bilayer graphene are 2.4 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 0.5 TPa, respectively.
Differential distribution of cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase 7A mRNA in rat brain and peripheral organs (2001)

We investigated the regional distribution and cellular localization of mRNA coding for the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 7A (PDE7A) in rat brain and several peripheral organs by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The regional expression of two splice variants, PDE7A1 and PDE7A2, was examined by RT-PCR using RNA extracted from several brain regions. PDE7A mRNA was found to be widely distributed in rat brain in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell populations. The highest levels of hybridization were observed in the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, cerebellum, medial habenula nucleus, pineal gland, area postrema, and choroid plexus. Positive hybridization signals were also detected in other areas, such as raphe nuclei, temporal and entorhinal cortex, pontine nuclei, and some cranial nerve motor nuclei. Both mRNA splice forms were differentially distributed in several areas of the brain with the striatum expressing only PDE7A1 and the olfactory bulb and spinal cord expressing PDE7A2 exclusively. In peripheral organs the highest levels of PDE7A hybridization were seen in kidney medulla, although testis, liver, adrenal glands, thymus, and spleen also presented high hybridization signal. These results are consistent with PDE7A being involved in the regulation of cAMP signaling in many brain functions. The consistent colocalization with PDE4 mRNAs suggests that PDE7A could have an effect on memory, depression, and emesis. The results offer clear anatomical and functional systems in which to investigate future specific PDE7 inhibitors.
Pilot Tone Design for Peak-to-Average Power ratio Reduction in OFDM (2005)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the composite time signal exhibits a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Due to non-linearities of the transmit power amplifiers, this high PAPR generates spectral spreading, in-band distortion and out of band noise (OBN) which degrades the bit-error rate (BER). In this paper, we propose a way to combat this problem without sacrificing channel estimation and frequency-offset tracking accuracy, by designing a sub-optimal configuration of the pilot tones. The effectiveness of the proposed method to reduce PAPR and improve BER is validated by computer simulations based on the conditions in the IEEE 802.11a standard.
A.: Senzip: An architecture for distributed en-route compression in wireless sensor networks (2009)

In-network compression is essential for extending the lifetime of data gathering sensor networks. The progress made in designing distributed schemes for en-route compression has not been followed by their adoption in deployments. This can be attributed to the lack of development of software that permits code-reuse and interoperability, while also retaining the flexibility to incorporate future developments. To address this gap, we propose SenZip, an architectural view of compression as a service that interacts with standard networking components. SenZip is designed for achieving completely distributed en-route compression and its utility is illustrated by presenting (a) details of how it helps map specific algorithms to software modules, and (b) results from mote experiments for data gathering with two different compression schemes, DPCM and 2D wavelets. 1.
Hearing Aid Fitting by Prescription (1976)

A procedure for the specification of hearing aid response characteristics is described. Thresholds of discomfort and most comfortable levels for narrow bands of noise centered at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 kHz are determined. The thresholds of discomfort relate to the maximum power output of the hearing aid and the most comfortable levels determine the gain and frequency response that will be required. The data derived from these measurements are given to the hearing aid dispenser who provides a hearing aid that matches the prescribed response characteristics. This technique requires less time than the conventional hearing aid evaluation procedure, and it provides the audiologist with measures of auditory function that can be directly related to hearing aid parameters.
La investigación de las unidades fraseológicas y las TIC (2012)

Este trabajo estudia la evolucion de las condiciones de investigacion en paremiologia y fraseologia a raiz de la aparicion de las nuevas tecnicas de informacion y comunicacion. Las TIC han cambiado de modo muy especial la busqueda de fuentes documentales, la elaboracion de los corpus, el almacenamiento de datos, la presentacion de los resultados de la investigacion. Todo ello ha influido en la investigacion que se realiza en los centros de investigacion y ha favorecido la investigacion en equipo y, por tanto, la creacion de grupos de investigacion y de asociaciones. Prestigiosos especialistas como el hispanista frances Louis Combet fueron conscientes de la necesidad del trabajo en equipo y de los beneficios que podian proporcionar la aplicacion de las TIC a la investigacion: de los primeros trabajos realizados en solitario paso a trabajar en equipo, como sucedio con la elaboracion de la edicion critica del repertorio paremiografico de Hernan Nunez (1555). La actual investigacion fraseologica y paremiologica se basa en su mayoria en el empleo de las TIC. Como ejemplo de este hecho, presentamos un proyecto de programa interactivo de cara a la docencia a partir de una serie televisiva espanola, Amar en tiempos revueltos.
Effects of estimated noise covariance matrix in optimal signal detection (1987)

There is loss of efficiency when an estimated noise covariance matrix is used in the place of the unknown true noise covariance matrix in the construction of the optimum filter for signal detection. In the case of detecting a single signal specified by a real or a complex vector, we investigate the extent of this loss by obtaining an exact confidence bound for the realized signal-to-noise ratio. We also give an estimate of this ratio which is useful in optimum selection of features. Some of these results are extended to the case of discrimination between a number of given signals.
Spectrally Efficient Partitioning of MPEG Video Streams for Robust Transmission Over Multiple Channels (2002)

Reliable transmission of video over wireless networks must address both the limited bandwidth and the possibility of loss. When bandwidth sufficient to transmit the video is unavailable on a single channel, the video can be partitioned over multiple channels with possibly unequal bandwidths and error characteristics at the expense of more complex channel coding (error correction). This paper addresses the problem of efficiently partitioning forward error protected, pre-encoded video data for transmission over multiple channels. The assumption of pre-encoding precludes adjustment of source rates to the channels, since it is assumed that channel characteristics are not known until immediately prior to the start of transmission. The proposed partitioning exploits the structure of MPEG video, and frames in each group-of-pictures are reordered based on their decoding dependence and assigned to the channels to maximize the decodable frame rate. To be spectrally efficient, the frames are unequally error protected based on both frame types and channel packet loss rates. This technique is also applicable to scalable coding techniques. Simulation results demonstrate that the approach is effective under a variety of channel conditions and for a broad range of source material.
Growth and composition of tomato as affected by source of nitrogen and biocides (1989)

Abstract Tomato (Lvcopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown in soil culture in a greenhouse. Potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and urea as N sources were compared using biocides (nitrapymn, captan, treflan, and DDT) and an untreated control. The largest shoot growth and fruit yields were obtained with plants fertilized with potassium nitrate. Potassium deficiency, manifested by leaf and stem necrosis and low levels of K in these tissues, appeared to be a limiting factor for the plants receiving urea or calcium nitrate. The depression of leaf and stem K by NH4 + or Ca++ was associated with the antagonism of these ions on K+ absorption. The biocides limited plant growth especially with urea and potassium nitrate. Depression of K, Ca, or Mg concentrations in the plants were effects associated with the biocides and their interactions with N sources.
Ascertaining the Suitability of Aryl Sulfonyl Fluorides for [<sup>18</sup>F]Radiochemistry Applications: A Systematic Investigation using Microfluidics (2013)

Optimization of [(18)F]radiolabeling conditions and subsequent stability analysis in mobile phase, PBS buffer, and rat serum of 12 aryl sulfonyl chloride precursors with various substituents (electron-withdrawing groups, electron-donating groups, increased steric bulk, heterocyclic) were performed using an Advion NanoTek Microfluidic Synthesis System. A comparison of radiochemical yields and reaction times for a microfluidics device versus a conventional reaction vessel is reported. [(18)F]Radiolabeling of sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of competing nucleophiles, H-bond donors, and water was also assessed and demonstrated the versatility and potential utility of [(18)F]sulfonyl fluorides as synthons for indirect radiolabeling.
Common Sense in Shanghai: the General Chamber of Commerce and Political Legitimacy in Republican China (2000)

Fox explores the political thinking of Chinese businessmen in Shanghai in the treaty-port era (1910s-20s) through the public career of their most powerful independent representative association, the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce. It looks into their understanding of the relationship between Chinese and foreign capital, and at how this affected the Chamber's ordering of political priorities in its capacity as representative of Chinese business interests. It traces the necessity of `networking' in business-government relationships to historically-specific, rather than culturally-endemic, causes. It discusses the concept of political legitimacy in and outside China, and argues that the situation of 1920s Shanghai, characterized by weakness of state function and overlapping sovereignties within which individuals and short-lived organizations exercised power informally and through a generalized fear of foreign domination, made legitimacy practically impossible for the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce to contrive or afford.
Postoperative Curving and Upward Displacement of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes Caused by Brain Shift (2010)

Considerable displacement of DBS electrodes may occur in the weeks following surgery, especially in cases with large postoperative subdural air volumes. Postoperative documentation of electrode localization should therefore be repeated after longer follow-up.
Thermoreversible gelation of poly(ethylene oxide) biodegradable polyester block copolymers. II (1999)

Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(L-lactic acid) (PEO-PLLA) diblock copolymers were synthesized via a ring opening polymerization from poly(ethylene oxide) and l-lactide. Stannous octoate was used as a catalyst in a solution polymerization with toluene as the solvent. Their physicochemical properties were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry, as well as the observational data of gel-sol transitions in aqueous solutions. Aqueous solutions of PEO-PLLA diblock copolymers changed from a gel phase to a sol phase with increasing temperature when their polymer concentrations are above a critical gel concentration. As the PLLA block length increased, the gel-sol transition temperature increased. For comparison, diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) [PEO-P(LLA/GA)] and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(dl-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) [PEO-P(DLLA/GA)] were synthesized by the same methods, and their gel-sol transition behaviors were also investigated. The gel-sol transition properties of these diblock copolymers are influenced by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the copolymer, block length, hydrophobicity, and stereoregularity of the hydrophobic block of the copolymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2207–2218, 1999
Sartre through Brecht (1967)

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Potentially Tridentate Ligands in the Synthesis of Methyl- and Acetylpalladium(II) Complexes (2002)

The two protic tridentate ligands HNN′O (1) and HNN′S (2) were treated with [(COD)Pd(Me)Cl], and the corresponding methylpalladium(II) complexes [Pd(η2-HNN′)(Me)Cl] (1a and 2a) were isolated. The neutral ligands in these complexes coordinated the metal in an NN′ bidentate mode, through the pyridine and imine nitrogens, excluding the O or S atom from the coordination. This behavior was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the dichloro complex of 1, [Pd(η2-HNN′)Cl2] (1c). Complexes 1a and 2a easily transformed quantitatively into the corresponding three-coordinate complexes [Pd(η3-NN′X)(Me)] (1b: X = O, 2b: X = S) in basic medium, with elimination of HCl. The complexes 1a and 1b were treated with PPh3 and P(CD3)3, respectively, resulting in 1e and 1h; 1a reacted further with a double quantity of PPh3 to give rise to the diphosphane complex [trans-(PPh3)2Pd(Me)Cl] (1g) and free 1. The three-coordinate complexes 1b and 2b were subjected to CO bubbling at room temperature. In the case of 1b, acylation of the ligand on the phenolic oxygen was observed, with the formation of an organic acetate and release of palladium black. In the case of 2b, besides the acylated ligand on the thiolic sulfur, the acetylpalladium(II) complex [Pd(η3-NN′S)(MeCO)] (2c) was isolated. The X-ray structures of 1c·THF, 1b·1/2C6H6O2, 2b, 2c·1/2CH2Cl2, and 1g have been solved. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
<title>Toward design patterns for dynamic analytical data visualization</title> (2004)

This paper advocates the study and use of visualization design patterns to improve development productivity and usage effectiveness in dynamic, analytical data visualization. Nine visualization design patterns are presented formally using the current de facto pattern description language. Organized in three categories (data, structural, and behavioral), these patterns summarize many common practices and techniques used in the process of dynamic, analytical data visualization. A relationship diagram is also introduced to illustrate the common relationships and uses of the patterns. Driven by the study of design patterns, a simple, yet powerful, architecture design for a dynamic, analytical data visualization library is proposed. The fundamental characteristics of the design are component-based, data centric, and layout-aided.
Research on OpenFlow-Based SDN Technologies (2013)

软件定义网络(software-defined networking,简称SDN)技术分离了网络的控制平面和数据平面,为研发网络新应用和未来互联网技术提供了一种新的解决方案.综述了基于OpenFlow 的SDN 技术发展现状,首先总结了逻辑控制和数据转发分离架构的研究背景,并介绍了其关键组件和研究进展,包括OpenFlow交换机、控制器和SDN技术,然后从4 个方面分析了基于OpenFlow 的SDN 技术目前所面临的问题和解决思路.结合近年来的发展现状,归纳了在校园网、数据中心以及面向网络管理和网络安全方面的应用,最后探讨了未来的研究趋势.;The control and data planes are decoupled in software-defined networking, which provide a new solution for research on new network applications and future Internet technologies. The development status of OpenFlow-based SDN technologies is surveyed in this paper. The research background of decoupled architecture of network control and data transmission in OpenFlow network is summarized first, and the key components and research progress including OpenFlow switch, controller, and SDN technologies are introduced. Moreover, current problems and solutions of OpenFlow-based SDN technologies are analyzed in four aspects. Combined with the development status in recent years, the applications used in campus, data center, network management and network security are summarized. Finally, future research trends are discussed.
Judicial Review of SEC Rule 14a-8: No Action Decisions (1972)

Infective endocarditis (IE) during pregnancy is uncommon. A 31-week-pregnant, 21-year-old woman suffered from severe mitral regurgitation caused by IE. She fell into heart failure and threatened abortion. Following to cesarean section, an emergent mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve was successfully performed. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful and she was discharged home 30 days after the operation. Her baby, however, died of intracranial hemorrhage caused by hypoxia 171 days after delivery. A strategy of simultaneous open heart surgery and cesarean section is recommended when emergent open heart surgery is inevitable for the treatment of cardiac diseases in cases with 24 and/or more weeks' gestation.
Types, theory of (2003)

A type is a collection of computable values that have certain properties in common. Some examples are the type of integers, the type of alphanumeric characters, the type of arrays of integers, and the type of all functions with integer arguments and integer values. Many programming languages keep track of the type of each expression in order to avoid meaningless calculations such as multiplying an integer by a function. A system for keeping track of the types of expressions is called a type system.
Nerve growth factor in human amniotic and cerebrospinal fluid. (1989)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a polypeptide hormone involved in development of the sympathetic and central nervous systems. The detection and measurement of NGF in clinical samples would be useful in evaluating its role in various disease states. In this report, NGF activity and protein levels have been investigated in human amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid samples. In amniotic fluid, NGF activity was found at levels ranging from less than 10 pM to nanomolar. The activity in all samples was blocked by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to mouse NGF. The finding of NGF in clinically obtainable samples raises the possibility of correlating NGF levels with a variety of disorders in which changes in NGF levels or activity have been implicated.