gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-efficiency power and data transmission system for biomedical implanted electronic devices (1996)

In biomedical engineering, inductive transcutaneous links can be used for power and data transfer between external systems and implanted electronic devices. The development of a micro-telemeter having a significant implantation depth needs a high-efficiency magnetic transcutaneous link. This paper presents a new system, which uses a multi-frequency load network for transmitter coil based on the class E power amplifier. At the carrier frequency used, the resistive load is influenced by the coupling of the coils and by the variation of the implant equivalent resistance. Modulating this latter between two rails permits one to modulate the amplitude of the external transmitter current and then to transmit internal data without the use of the classical implanted emitter design. Furthermore, the fact that the modulation index depends on the coupling factor, allows one to find the external coil's correct position using a position feedback loop. A complete study of the concept of digital data transmission by impedance modulation associated with a class E power amplifier is presented. Internal data transmission using this system yields a decrease of the internal electronic circuitry bulk and constitutes a high-efficiency energizing device. A theoretical investigation shows that the efficiency of the power transfer varies between 44 and 75% within a wide range of implantation depths (20 - 40 mm).
The urinary excretion and tissue retention of cyanocobalamin by subjects given repeated parenteral doses (1964)

The urinary excretion of injected cyanocobalamin was studied in 30 previously untreated vitamin B(12)-deficient patients by measuring the urinary radioactivity after repeated injections of (58)Co vitamin B(12). The dose range used was 54 to 30,000 mug., each patient receiving the same dose at each injection. The results show that there is no constant trend to the excretion of greater or smaller proportions of the amount injected. It is also shown that there is a wide variation in the amounts excreted by each individual and between individual patients and that the capacity of the tissues to retain injected cyanocobalamin is very great, the amounts retained often being greatly in excess of the normal body stores. The excretion of radioactivity after parenteral infections of (58)Co vitamin B(12) was usually complete within 24 hours but exceptions to this were seen. The significance and value of the results is discussed.
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System With Time-Varying Capacitors (2004)

The natural frequency and responses of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) with time-varying capacitors are determined under an equivalent direct current (DC) voltage. Under alternating current (AC) voltages, the resonant condition and the corresponding resonant motion possessing a wide energy band for such a system are investigated because the motion with the wide energy band is very easily sensed. For a given voltage strength, the AC frequency band is obtained for chaotic resonant motions in the specific resonant layer. The numerical and analytical predictions of such a motion are in a acceptable agreement, and the dynamic model provides the range prediction of the alternating current and voltage on the capacitor agreeing with experimental measurements. The lower-order resonant motion has a higher energy than the higher-order resonant motions, which indicates that the lower-order resonant motion can be easily sensed. Although this model is developed from a specified MEMS, the analysis and results can be applied to other dynamic systems.
Electrochemical Preparation of a Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole-modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for Determination of Ascorbic Acid (2008)

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) polypyrrole (PPy)-based film was fabricated for the determination of ascorbic acid. The film was prepared by incorporation of a template molecule (ascorbic acid) during the electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) in aqueous solution using a cyclic voltammetry method. The performance of the imprinted and non-imprinted (NIP) films was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The effect of pH, monomer and template concentrations, electropolymerization cycles and interferents on the performance of the MIP electrode was investigated and optimized. The molecularly imprinted film exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity toward ascorbic acid. The DPV peak current showed a linear dependence on the ascorbic acid concentration and a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.25 to 7.0 mM of ascorbic acid with a correlation coefficient of 0.9946. The detection limit (3σ) was determined as 7.4x10-5 M (S/N=3). The molecularly-imprinted polypyrrole-modified pencil graphite electrode showed a stable and reproducible response, without any influence of interferents commonly existing in pharmaceutical samples. The proposed method is simple and quick. The PPy electrodes have a low response time, good mechanical stability and are disposable simple to construct.
Plasma Ignition and Combustion of JA2 Propellant (2005)

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of various parameters on plasma-driven ignition and combustion of a double-base propellant under closed-chamber conditions. The parameters varied include input electrical energy, nozzle length and inner diameter, nozzle exit to propellant distance, as well as propellant sample thickness. Chamber pressure was measured to determine the ignition delay and to deduce the regression rate. High-speed images of the plasma jets and combustion event were also recorded. At low plasma energies, rapid, plasma-driven burning occurred, but self-sustained burning was not achieved. With moderate plasma energies, combustion of the propellant exhibited a two-stage burning behavior: one stage of plasma-driven rapid burning that occurred during the plasma pulse and a second stage of slower self-sustained burning that occurred with a clear delay after the first stage. When plasma energy was increased further, the two-stage behavior became less distinct and eventually disappeared, leaving only one stage of burning. Nozzle length and diameter affected the ignition and combustion characteristics as a result of energy losses from the plasma as it flows through the nozzle. The propellant burning behavior is also affected by both nozzle-sample distance and sample thickness. High-speed images revealed vigorous motion of gases in the closed chamber, which was induced by the plasma jet. Also, the images showed what appeared to be JA2 fragments; this observation was confirmed by recovery of fragmented propellant after some of the tests.
Casing Wear During Drilling: Simulation, Prediction, and Control (1987)

Summary Four case studies show that laboratory simulations of casing wear caused by rotating tooljoint hardfacings correspond very well to field-measured casing wear. Moreover, the work reveals concentrations of casing wear at the kickoff point of a deviated well and near casing collars. Drillpipe/casing protectors do not always appear effective in avoiding casing wear. It is concluded that prediction of casing wear is possible with laboratory simulations, and that casing wear can be controlled by sufficiently smooth hardfacings, weighted mud, and moderate tooljoint/casing contact forces. An inspection technique can be used to qualify hardfacings for use in casing. Hardfacings that are machined to meet the smoothness requirement are commercially available.
Multiband Metamaterials Based on Multiple Concentric Open-Ring Resonators Topology (2013)

In this paper, a new design of multiband metamaterial (MTM) to be employed in novel electromagnetic components and devices is presented both numerically and experimentally. The structure is designed based on the concentric multiple open-ring architecture in which each ring provides a magnetic resonance at different frequencies. The number of resonances depends on the number of the ring resonators composed by the unit cell. The proposed design enables an application as creating multiband left-handed MTMs by combining the proposed structure with a conducting strip. In addition, an HF application is also designed and presented. The investigated structure, supporting multiband operation, is a potential candidate to achieve efficient electrically small microwave/terahertz (THz) structures and can suitably be used for the miniaturization of microwave and THz components.
ROLE OF FLOCCULATION AND DISPERSION IN PELLETIZATION OF IRON ORE (2020)

Traditional modeling of iron ore pellet strength utilizes micromechanical models such as Rumpf’s equation, which correlate attractive forces and pellet properties into an average expected pellet strength. These models combine with repulsive forces within pellets to predict that pellet strength decreases with the introduction of these forces. However, naïvely applying Rumpf’s equation readily leads to incorrect predictions about the resulting behavior. Pellets created with strong repulsive forces arising from dispersion conditions are observed to be significantly stronger overall than pellets formed in the absence of dispersants. A new model is required to understand and predict the effects of these additives within the iron ore pelletization process. This model can be developed by expanding on the coordination number term within Rumpf’s equation utilizing information from the repulsive forces of dispersants. In particular, pellet strength roughly doubles under dispersion, which is most strongly promoted by anionic polymers.
Sáhara Occidental. "Deseo marchar" (2009)

Nunca imagine que las autoridades espanolas me retendrian aqui contra mi voluntad, deseo marchar. Son las palabras de la activista saharaui Amonatou Haidar, que permanece en huelga de hambre en el aeropuerto canario de Lanzarote y acusa a Espana de favorecer los intereses del Gobierno marroqui.
Cardiomyocyte-Specific Knockout and Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Both Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice (2005)

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is required for adipogenesis but is also found in the cardiovascular system, where it has been proposed to oppose inflammatory pathways and act as a growth suppressor. PPAR-γ agonists, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), inhibit cardiomyocyte growth in vitro and in pressure overload models. Paradoxically, TZDs also induce cardiac hypertrophy in animal models. To directly determine the role of cardiomyocyte PPAR-γ, we have developed a cardiomyocyte-specific PPAR-γ–knockout (CM-PGKO) mouse model. CM-PGKO mice developed cardiac hypertrophy with preserved systolic cardiac function. Treatment with a TZD, rosiglitazone, induced cardiac hypertrophy in both littermate control mice and CM-PGKO mice and activated distinctly different hypertrophic pathways from CM-PGKO. CM-PGKO mice were found to have increased expression of cardiac embryonic genes (atrial natriuretic peptide and β-myosin heavy chain) and elevated nuclear factor κB activity in the heart, effects not found by rosiglitazone treatment. Rosiglitazone increased cardiac phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase independent of PPAR-γ, whereas rosiglitazone induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal–related kinase 1/2 in the heart dependent of PPAR-γ. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases was not affected by rosiglitazone or CM-PGKO. Surprisingly, despite hypertrophy, Akt phosphorylation was suppressed in CM-PGKO mouse heart. These data show that cardiomyocyte PPAR-γ suppresses cardiac growth and embryonic gene expression and inhibits nuclear factor κB activity in vivo. Further, rosiglitazone causes cardiac hypertrophy at least partially independent of PPAR-γ in cardiomyocytes and through different mechanisms from CM-PGKO.
Attempts to Synthetize Tetramethylyclobutadiene (1962)

Abstract Attempts to prepare cyclobutadiene, which is primarily of theoretical interest, or one of its derivatives have so far led only to products structurally closely related to tetramethylcyclobutadiene. It has not been possible to prepare the compound itself nor to establish unequivocally that it occurs as a reaction intermediate.
Looking a gift horse in the mouth (1989)

The power of determining the meaning of words and concepts is an extremely valuable asset. At present the club of Western donors, organized in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD, defines the generally accepted concept of Official
Zebrafish Xenograft: An Evolutionary Experiment in Tumour Biology (2017)

Though the cancer research community has used mouse xenografts for decades more than zebrafish xenografts, zebrafish have much to offer: they are cheap, easy to work with, and the embryonic model is relatively easy to use in high-throughput assays. Zebrafish can be imaged live, allowing us to observe cellular and molecular processes in vivo in real time. Opponents dismiss the zebrafish model due to the evolutionary distance between zebrafish and humans, as compared to mice, but proponents argue for the zebrafish xenograft's superiority to cell culture systems and its advantages in imaging. This review places the zebrafish xenograft in the context of current views on cancer and gives an overview of how several aspects of this evolutionary disease can be addressed in the zebrafish model. Zebrafish are missing homologs of some human proteins and (of particular interest) several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteases, which are known for their importance in tumour biology. This review draws attention to the implicit evolutionary experiment taking place when the molecular ecology of the xenograft host is significantly different than that of the donor.
The effect of single and repeated bouts of prolonged cycling and circadian variation on saliva flow rate, immunoglobulin A and α-amylase responses (2004)

The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of exercise at different times of day on saliva flow rate, immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration and secretion rate, and alpha-amylase activity, and to establish how these parameters change following a second exercise bout performed on the same day. In a counterbalanced design, eight male volunteers participated in three experimental trials separated by at least 4 days. On the trial with afternoon exercise only, the participants cycled for 2 h at 60% VO2max starting at 14:00 h. On the other two trials, participants performed either two bouts of exercise at 60% VO2max for 2 h (the first started at 09:00 h and the second started at 14:00 h) or a separate resting trial. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained 10 min before exercise, after 58 - 60 min and during the last 2 min of exercise, and at 1 h and 2 h after exercise. Venous blood samples were taken 5 min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both bouts. Participants remained fasted between 23:00 h on the day before the trials and 18:00 h on the day of the trial. Circadian variations were found in sIgA concentration, which decreased with time from its highest value in the early morning to its lowest value in the evening, and salivary alpha-amylase secretion rate, which increased from its lowest value in the morning to its highest value in the late afternoon. Cycling at 60% VO2max for 2 h significantly decreased saliva flow rate, increased sIgA concentration and alpha-amylase activity, but did not influence sIgA secretion rate. Performing prolonged cycling at different times of day did not differentially affect the salivary and plasma hormonal responses in the short term. Performance of a second prolonged exercise bout elicited a greater plasma stress hormone response but did not appear to compromise oral immunity acutely. These findings also suggest that, in terms of saliva secretion, sIgA and alpha-amylase responses, a 3 h rest is enough to recover from previous strenuous exercise. During such exercise, sympathetic stimulation appears to be strong enough to inhibit saliva flow rate; however, it appears that it does not increase sIgA output via transcytosis.
Fully slotless turbogenerators (1973)

The constraints restricting the choice of rotor length and diameter in a turbogenerator are relaxed, and much higher airgap flux densities are possible if a fully slotless construction is employed. Capacities about three times greater than can be achieved with conventional machines are possible, and there is wide scope for optimising the dimensions and loadings of machines of present -day ratings; e.g. a 660 MW slotless machine could show savings of about 2 MW in losses, 4 m in length and 150 t in mass and would have reactances more suited to stable operation. Gas or liquid cooling of the active parts could be employed without special problems.
Optimizing wind farm control through wake steering using surrogate models based on high-fidelity simulations (2020)

Abstract. This paper aims to develop fast and reliable surrogate models for yaw-based wind farm control. The surrogates, based on polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), are built using high-fidelity flow simulations coupled with aeroelastic simulations of the turbine performance and loads. Developing a model for wind farm control is a challenging control problem due to the time-varying dynamics of the wake. The wind farm control strategy is optimized for both the power output and the loading of the turbines. The optimization performed using two Vestas V27 turbines in a row for a specific atmospheric condition suggests that a power gain of almost 3%±1% can be achieved at close spacing by yawing the upstream turbine more than 15∘. At larger spacing the optimization shows that yawing is not beneficial as the optimization reverts to normal operation. Furthermore, it was also identified that a reduction in the equivalent loads was obtained at the cost of power production. The total power gains are discussed in relation to the associated model errors and the uncertainty of the surrogate models used in the optimization, as well as the implications for wind farm control.
Acute Antibody Responses to Giardia lamblia are Depressed in Patients with AIDS (1988)

We investigated the ability of patients with AIDS to develop antibody responses to a naturally encountered antigenic stimulus, Giardia lamblia. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect IgG, IgM, and IgA to G. lamblia trophozoites, we tested sera from 29 patients with AIDS (15 without and 14 with G. lamblia infection); 20 healthy homosexual men; and 91 immunocompetent heterosexual subjects, 25 of whom were infected with G. lamblia. Heterosexual subjects infected with G. lamblia had significantly higher levels of all three classes of specific antibody than did the uninfected subjects (P less than .0001). Patients with AIDS who had acute symptomatic giardiasis had significantly lower levels of all antibodies than did the heterosexual subjects who had giardiasis; specific IgM was absent in all but one patient with AIDS. The symptomatically infected patients with AIDS had low levels of G. lamblia-specific antibodies that were similar to those of the uninfected patients with AIDS. Patients with AIDS do not have to suffer from prolonged symptomatic G. lamblia infections, however, because available therapy is effective against the parasite, independent of a patient's immune status.
Intrinsic contractility of leg lymphatics in man. Preliminary communication. (1979)

Intralymphatic pressures were measured in subcutaneous trunks of 5 randomly selected healthy individuals. Rhythmic pulse waves of different frequency, amplitude of 1-33 mmHg, duration of 6-8 sec and steadily increasing mean pressure up to 50-120 mmHg were found, with subjects in the upright position and motionless. Coincidence of the rhythm of pulse waves with the rhythm of expression of drops of lymph from the cannula strongly suggests that pressures necessary to propel lymph were generated by the contractility of lymph vessel wall.
March 14, 1893 (1893)

The total number of registered additions to the Society's Menagerie during the month of February was 73, of which 43 were by presentation, 6 by birth, 10 by purchase, 10 received in exchange, and 4 on deposit.The total number of departures during the same period, by death and removals, was 91.Amongst the additions attention may be called to two Terrapins procured a t Okinawa Shima, or Great Loochoo Island, by Mr. P.
Myeloma with multiple rearranged immunoglobulin kappa genes: only one kappa gene codes for kappa chains (1980)

In many myelomas more than one kappa gene is rearranged (2-5). We are reporting here the results of studies undertaken to determine whether all the rearranged genes are expressed. It was found that in the myeloma NS-1 three different rearranged kappa genes exist. In a subline of NS-1 and several hybridomas produced by fusion of mouse spleen cells with NS-1 it was found that production of NS-1 kappa chains was correlated with the presence of one of the three kappa genes. Loss of this "expressed" gene eliminated the synthesis of the NS-1 kappa chains, loss of one of the other two rearranged kappa genes did not. It is hypothesized, that allelic exclusion (20) of kappa genes generally operates by the functional rearrangement of one kappa gene; other rearrangements are relatively frequent, at least in myelomas, but mostly they are nonfunctional and thus scrambled antibody molecules do not arise.
Amathamide Alkaloids from the Marine Bryozoan Amathia wilsoni Kirkpatrick (1985)

IW brominated proline-derived alkaloids named amathamide A and B h a w been isolated from the marine bryozoan Amathia wilsoni.Bryozoa (Phylm Qtocarpa) are colonial invertebrates, usually of marine origin, whose chenistryhas been relatively little investigated.A variety of nitrogenous metabolites containing the physotipine, indole, quinoline, bipyrrole and purine ring systems have been recently reported.1Coastal waters of southern Australia contain a diverse bryozoan fauna and although colonies are generally mall and inconspicuous several have erect, bushy forms which may exceed 100 an in height.2Amathia wilsoni Kirkpatrick, 1888, is a reasonably c m n bryozoan which is found in the eastern
ΣΔ-conversion Used for Motor Control (2015)

Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital-Converters (SigmaDelta-ADCs) are widely used in motor drives where high signal integrity and galvanic isolation are required. While the SigmaDelta-technology itself is well understood, all too often the converters are used in ways that fail to unlock the full potential of the technology. This paper looks at SigmaDelta-ADCs from an application point of view and discusses how to get the best performance in a motor drive.
False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria? (2006)

The effect on TST of BCG received in infancy is minimal, especially > or =10 years after vaccination. BCG received after infancy produces more frequent, more persistent and larger TST reactions. NTM is not a clinically important cause of false-positive TST, except in populations with a high prevalence of NTM sensitisation and a very low prevalence of TB infection.
An Internet collaborative environment for sharing Java applications (2002)

In the Internet community there is a strong demand for platform-independent collaboration software. Java is developed with the major design goals of being a platform-independent, and Internet-oriented programming language. We show how a group of Internet users can share single-user Java applications for synchronous collaboration. Our approach is based on a replicated tool architecture in which each participant runs a copy of the application and the activity of each user is multicast to all the participants in the conference. We have developed a system called Java Collaborative Environment (JCE), on which the Java's Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is extended such that mouse and keyboard events are intercepted and distributed among all copies of the shared Java application. In addition we provide an infrastructure and a simple interface for session management and floor control.