gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol-induced free radicals and hepatic DNA strand breaks are prevented in vivo by antioxidants: effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure (2000)

Ethanol was given to male Wistar rats as an acute dose (5 g/kg) or continuously at 5% (w/v) in a liquid diet to provide 36% of the caloric requirement. Free radicals generated in the liver were collected as a stable adduct in bile following the in vivo administration of the spin trapping agent α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN; 700 mg/kg). [1-13C]ethanol was used to confirm the formation of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical and to demonstrate that this was ethanol-derived in the case of the single-dose treatment. Free radical production increased up to 1h after the acute dose and then plateaued over the next 30 min. During chronic exposure to ethanol, free radical generation increased significantly after 1 week and then declined again to remain at a low level over the next 2 weeks; this transient increase corresponded closely with the induction of cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP 2E1) in response to ethanol feeding. Single-cell electrophoresis was used to investigate effects on DNA. After an acute dose of ethanol, the frequency of single-strand breaks increased from 1 h to peak at 6 h but then declined again to control values by 12 h. During the chronic exposure, an increase in the frequency of DNA breaks was seen at 3 days, reached a peak at 1 week and then decreased slowly over the next 5 weeks. The effects of antioxidants on these parameters was investigated after an acute dose of ethanol. Pre-treatment with vitamin C (400 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days) or vitamin E (100 mg/kg, i.p., for 5 days) prior to the administration of ethanol (5 g/kg) inhibited generation of the 1-hydroxyethyl–POBN adduct by 30 and 50%, respectively, and both agents prevented the increased frequency of DNA single-strand breaks caused by ethanol. The significance of the temporal coincidence of changes in the above parameters in response to ethanol is discussed.
Chemistry of Reduced Monomeric and Dimeric Cobalt Complexes Supported by a PNP Pincer Ligand (2013)

The reduction chemistry of cobalt complexes with HPNP (HPNP = HN(CH2CH2P(i)Pr2)2) as a supporting ligand is described. Reaction of [(HPNP)CoCl2] (1) with n-BuLi generated both the deprotonated Co(II) species [(PNP)CoCl] (2) along with the Co(I) complex [(HPNP)CoCl] (3). Products resulting from reduction of 2 with KC8 vary depending upon the atmosphere under which the reduction is performed. Monomeric square planar [(PNP)CoN2] (4) is obtained under dinitrogen, whereas dimeric [(PNP)Co]2 (5) is formed under argon. Over time, 5 activates a C-H bond in the PNP ligand to form the species [Co(H)(μ-PNP)(μ-(i)Pr2PCH2CH2NCHCH2P(i)Pr2)Co] (6). We also observed the oxidative addition of H-Si bond to complex 3 to form [(HPNP)CoCl(H)SiH2Ph] (7). (1)H NMR studies showed that species 7 is in equilibrium with 3 and silane in solution. Complex 3 can be oxidized with AgBPh4 to generate {(HPNP)CoCl}BPh4 (8), a square planar species with a formal electron count of 15 electrons.
Easy Route to Superhydrophobic Copper-Based Wire-Guided Droplet Microfluidic Systems (2009)

Droplet-based microfluidic systems are an expansion of the lab on a chip concept toward flexible, reconfigurable setups based on the modification and analysis of individual droplets. Superhydrophobic surfaces are one suitable candidate for the realization of droplet-based microfluidic systems as the high mobility of aqueous liquids on such surfaces offers possibilities to use novel or more efficient approaches to droplet movement. Here, copper-based superhydrophobic surfaces were produced either by the etching of polycrystalline copper samples along the grain boundaries using etchants common in the microelectronics industry, by electrodeposition of copper films with subsequent nanowire decoration based on thermal oxidization, or by a combination of both. The surfaces could be easily hydrophobized with thiol-modified fluorocarbons, after which the produced surfaces showed a water contact angle as high as 171 degrees +/- 2 degrees . As copper was chosen as the base material, established patterning techniques adopted from printed circuit board fabrication could be used to fabricate macrostructures on the surfaces with the intention to confine the droplets and, thus, to reduce the system's sensitivity to tilting and vibrations. A simple droplet-based microfluidic chip with inlets, outlets, sample storage, and mixing areas was produced. Wire guidance, a relatively new actuation method applicable to aqueous liquids on superhydrophobic surfaces, was applied to move the droplets.
Animal models of neuropathic pain (2010)

Animal models are pivotal for understanding the mechanism of neuropathic pain and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. A battery of neuropathic pain models has been developed to simulate the clinical pain conditions with diverse etiology. The present review exhaustively discusses the methodology, behavioral alterations, limitations, and advantages of about 40 different animal models of neuropathic pain along with their modifications. Development of these models has contributed immensely in understanding the chronic pain and underlying peripheral as well as central pathogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, research has resulted in the development of new therapeutic agents for neuropathic pain management, and the preclinical data obtained using these animal models have been successively translated to effective pain management in clinical setup also. As each animal model has been created with specific methodology and results tend to vary largely with the slight changes related to methodology, therefore, it is essential that data from different models should be reported and interpreted in the context of the specific pain model.
Application of red mud as a basic catalyst for biodiesel production (2013)

Red mud was investigated in triglyceride transesterification with a view to determine its viability as a basic catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis.The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and activity of red mud catalysts was investigated.It was found that highly active catalyst was obtained by simply drying red mud at 200°C.Utilization of red mud as a catalyst for biodiesel production not only provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling this solid red mud waste,significantly reducing its environmental effects,but also reduces the price of biodiesel to make biodiesel competitive with petroleum diesel.
<title>Fast autonomous registration of Landsat, SPOT, and digital map imagery</title> (1993)

Reggie, an autonomous image registration software package which can process several diverse types of image data, including Landsat thematic mapper (TM), SPOT high resolution visible (HRV), and ADRG digital map imagery is described. This software package is in the final stages of development, and will soon be commercially available. The Reggie algorithm employs sensor geometry models to fully exploit all a priori knowledge of the image collection geometries and the potential image distortions. Sensor models for Landsat TM and SPOT HRV sensors and digital map data are described. Initial results demonstrating registration accuracy and execution time are presented for the registration of Landsat TM and SPOT HRV imagery and ADRG digital map data.
Rechnergestützte Indizierung von Elektronenbeugungsaufnahmen / Computer Assisted Indexing of Electron Diffraction Patterns (1977)

Article Rechnergestützte Indizierung von Elektronenbeugungsaufnahmen / Computer Assisted Indexing of Electron Diffraction Patterns was published on August 1, 1977 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 14, issue 8).
[Production of slime by coagulase-negative staphylococci as a marker of systemic infection in newborn infants]. (1991)

We studied 310 strains of Staphylococcus spp. from neonates admitted in intensive care unit from june 1988 to may 1990, with the purpose of establishing a relationship between the slime production and the occurrence of sepsis. The original technique for its determination was modified; this facilitated the performance and the reading of results. Of 105 neonates with isolation in blood, spinal fluid and/or intravascular catheter of negative-coagulase Staphylococcus (CNS), the incidence of sepsis was 57.9% when the strain was a slime-producer, and only 11.6% when the strain did not produce slime (p less than 0.001). The risk of infection was five-fold increased when the isolated was slime-producer CNS. We proved a high predictive value when the strains were identical and isolated from two samples, one of which was blood. These results show that the production of slime is a factor which strongly support the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis due to negative-coagulase Staphylococcus.
Bidirectional Beam Propagation Method For Computation in Nonlinear Optics (2001)

We demonstrate the first use of the bidirectional Beam Propagation Method to simulate nonlinear problems. Specifically, the reection response of a nonlinear grating is calculated. Additionally, nonlinear gratings used for switching or amplification are simulated.
Findings from a multidisciplinary focus group meeting to discuss the issue of medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI) in the UK: The way forward (2017)

This article is based on a focus group meeting that was held in London on 29th June 2017 and sponsored by 3M. The focus group was convened so that an expert multidisciplinary panel could discuss the underreported issue of MARSI. The aims and objectives of the meeting were to: gain an understanding of MARSI in practice, identify gaps in knowledge base, and discuss strategies to raise the profile of MARSI in the UK.
High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Iridocorneal Angle of the Eye (2009)

The adapted HD-OCT provided magnified views of the anterior chamber angle and allowed visualization of the Schwalbe line and trabecular meshwork in most eyes.
Inhibition of Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen Expression in Human Fetal Glial Cells by an Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Delivered by the JC Virus-Like Particle (2004)

Human JC virus (JCV) is a neurotropic virus, and the etiological agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal neurological disease. Because of its natural infection tropism, it is possible to use the JCV capsid as a gene-transducing vector for therapeutic purposes in neurological disorders. In the current study, a recombinant JCV virus-like particle (VLP) was generated and purified from yeast. VLP was able to accommodate and protect DNA molecules of up to approximately 2000 bp in length. VLP was able to package and deliver an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) against simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (LT) into SV40-transformed human fetal glial (SVG) cells in order to inhibit expression of the oncoprotein. Subsequently, apoptosis of VLP–AS-ODN-treated cells was demonstrated after the blocking of LT expression. In addition, JCV VLP was able to deliver ODN into human astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma cells with high efficiency. In vivo delivery of ODN into a human neuroblastoma tumor nodule by VLP was also demonstrated. These findings suggest that JCV VLP is a gene delivery vector with potential therapeutic use for human neurological disorders.
Vocabulary of Surface Crystallography (1964)

The recent increase of activity in the field of slow-electron diffraction has resulted in a need for agreement on conventions of terminology in the description of a diperiodic surface structure relative to a triperiodic substrate. Vector description of the surface structure net in terms of the substrate surface net is suggested. Fractional Miller indices result when the surface structure mesh is larger than the substrate surface mesh. The surface structure may be either that of a deposit or that of the selvedge of the substrate. With the relaxation of one of the diffraction conditions in the diperiodic structure the reciprocal lattice becomes a set of parallel rods intersecting the Ewald sphere continuously with change of wavelength of the incident radiation or change of orientation of the crystal. The paper discusses the applicability of the seventeen two-dimensional space groups and the eighty diperiodic groups in three dimensions to these diperiodic structures. A comparison is made between the different effects of surface symmetry on etch pits and epitaxial deposits on the cleavage face of muscovite.
Lysozyme Activity in Human Neutrophilic Granulocytes (1973)

S ummary . Among five different methods for the extraction of lysozyme from human neutrophilic granulocytes (mechanical disruption, freezing‐thawing, sonication, solubilization with saponin and with n ‐butanol), extraction with n ‐butanol was found to give the highest lysozyme yield per cell. With this method the lysozyme content of neutrophilic granulocytes was measured in a control group with no haematological, renal or infectious disease, and in patients with bacterial infection, severe uraemia, and myeloproliferative disorders. It was found that the lysozyme concentration in normal human adults was 2.7 μg per 10 6 neutrophils. Intraneutrophilic lysozyme in patients with bacterial infection was reduced by 50% whereas the activity in patients with severe uraemia was reduced by 25%. The content in patients with myeloproliferative disorders was normal. The intraneutrophilic lysozyme content varied inversely with the severity of the infection as judged by the degree of neutrophil leucocytosis. Taking all patients examined, the intraneutrophilic lysozyme activity varied inversely with the degree of toxic granulation. A negative correlation was also demonstrated between neutrophilic lysozyme and the serum creatinine level. It is suggested that bacterial infection and uraemia suppress lysozyme synthesis in the bone marrow, although other mechanisms cannot be excluded. The consequences for neutrophil function are unknown.
The In Vitro Synthesis of Fats in Cottonseed<sup>1</sup> (1959)

Synopsis Acetate is used for the synthesis of lipides, and the incorporation of acetate into lipides increases with increasing concentration of acetate. Both biotin and light stimulate the synthesis of lipides in cottonseed.
Showing yourself (1995)

In the previous chapter we have begun to assemble a picture of knowledge which does not rely on the real-world assumption. This picture sees knowledge as being dependent on concepts we have for turning things we can sense, our sensations, into things acceptable to our inner functions for knowing. Our concepts also enable us to take things from knowledge and realise them in expressions we put to each other (illustrated in Figs 1.9-11). Through interactions among ourselves, evident as behaviour in everyday practices (variously specialised in like individuals), we affirm our sharing of knowledge. We are able to share without explaining what it is we share, without knowing whether we each have equal shares of the same knowledge.
Iron deposits in the chronically inflamed central nervous system and contributes to neurodegeneration (2013)

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the presence of inflammation in areas with neuronal cell death and a regional increase in iron that exceeds what occurs during normal aging. The inflammatory process accompanying the neuronal degeneration involves glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and monocytes of the circulation that migrate into the CNS while transforming into phagocytic macrophages. This review outlines the possible mechanisms responsible for deposition of iron in neurodegenerative disorders with a main emphasis on how iron-containing monocytes may migrate into the CNS, transform into macrophages, and die out subsequently to their phagocytosis of damaged and dying neuronal cells. The dying macrophages may in turn release their iron, which enters the pool of labile iron to catalytically promote formation of free-radical-mediated stress and oxidative damage to adjacent cells, including neurons. Healthy neurons may also chronically acquire iron from the extracellular space as another principle mechanism for oxidative stress-mediated damage. Pharmacological handling of monocyte migration into the CNS combined with chelators that neutralize the effects of extracellular iron occurring due to the release from dying macrophages as well as intraneuronal chelation may denote good possibilities for reducing the deleterious consequences of iron deposition in the CNS.
Photonic band structure of ZnO photonic crystal slab laser (2005)

We recently reported on the realization of ultraviolet photonic crystal laser based on zinc oxide [Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3657 (2004)]. Here we present the details of structural design and its optimization. We develop a computational supercell technique that allows a straightforward calculation of the photonic band structure of ZnO photonic crystal slab on sapphire substrate. We find that despite the small index contrast between the substrate and the photonic layer, the low-order eigenmodes have predominantly transverse-electric (TE) or transverse-magnetic polarization. Because emission from ZnO thin film shows a strong TE preference, we are able to limit our consideration to TE bands, spectrum of which can possess a complete photonic band gap with an appropriate choice of structure parameters. We demonstrate that the geometry of the system may be optimized so that a sizable band gap is achieved.
A Novel Approach for Elastic Query Processing in the Cloud (2015)

Cloud computing is a promising model of serviceoriented computing. One major advantage of cloud computing is its elasticity, i.e., the system's capability to supply and take away resources dynamically at runtime. For that, it's essential to design and implement a systematic and effective technique that takes complete advantage of the system's potential flexibility. This paper presents a non-invasive approach that monitors the performance of relational database management systems in cloud infrastructure, and dynamically makes choices to maximise the effectiveness of the provider's environment whereas still satisfying specified service level agreements (SLAs).
L- and DL-carnitine induce tetanic fade in rat neuromuscular preparation (2003)

Carnitine, a structurally choline-like metabolite, has been used to increase athletic performance, although its effects on neuromuscular transmission have not been investigated. It is present in skeletal muscle and its plasma levels are about 30 to 90 micro M. Using rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations indirectly and directly stimulated with high rate pulses, D-carnitine (30 and 60 micro M), L-carnitine (60 micro M) and DL-carnitine (60 micro M) were shown to induce tetanic fade (D-carnitine = 19.7 +/- 3.1%, N = 6; L-carnitine = 16.6 +/- 2.4%, N = 6; DL-carnitine = 14.9 +/- 2.1%, N = 6) without any reduction of maximal tetanic tension. D-carnitine induced tetanic fade in neuromuscular preparations previously paralyzed with d-tubocurarine and directly stimulated. The effect was greater than that obtained by indirect muscle stimulation. Furthermore, previous addition of atropine (20 to 80 micro M) to the bath did not reduce carnitine isomer-induced tetanic fade. In contrast to D-carnitine, the tetanic fade induced by L- and DL-carnitine was antagonized by choline (60 micro M). The combined effect of carnitine isomers and hemicholinium-3 (0.01 nM) was similar to the effect of hemicholinium-3 alone. The data suggest that L- and DL-carnitine-induced tetanic fade seems to depend on their transport into the motor nerve terminal.
Built-In Self-Repair Scheme for the TSVs in 3-D ICs (2012)

3-D integration using through-silicon-via (TSV) has been widely acknowledged as one future integrated-circuit (IC) technology. Test and yield are two big issues for volume production of 3-D ICs. In this paper, we propose a built-in self-repair (BISR) scheme to test and repair TSVs in 3-D ICs. The BISR scheme, arranging the TSVs into arrays similar to memories, can effectively enhance the yield of TSVs in a 3-D IC such that the yield of the 3-D IC is boosted. Furthermore, a global fusing methodology is proposed to reduce the requirement of fuses. Simulation and analysis results show that the proposed BISR scheme can drastically reduce the area cost and test time in comparison with an existing TSV repair scheme for the same final yield of TSVs under repair. For a 3-D wide-IO DRAM with 512 TSVs, for example, the proposed repair scheme can achieve 32.4% area reduction and 73.4% test time reduction.
Architecture-dependent partitioning of dependence graphs (2002)

Performance tuning of non-blocking threads is based on graph partitioning algorithms that create serial code block from dependence graphs. Previously existing algorithms are directed toward deadlock-avoidance and maximisation of run-length. The latter criterion often generates a high synchronisation overhead. This paper presents a partitioning algorithm for dependence graphs that uses a heuristic to determine a cost-efficient solution based on an architecture-dependent cost function. We present empirical results based on benchmark programs that were compiled with MIT's Id compiler, extended by our architecture-dependent partitioning algorithm. The results demonstrate a reduction in software overhead with our architecture-dependent partitioning algorithm, compared with previously existing partitioning methods. The execution of the sample programs on an emulator for the Monsoon dataflow architecture shows a reduced number of processor cycles.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a medical student's perspective. (1989)

As a third year medical student, I was hospitalized for approximately one month with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). Consequently, I have developed an insight into the role of patient as well as that of medical care giver. My experience prompted an intense interest in this particular adverse drug reaction and research into treatment recommendations. Treatment has changed in recent years and this resulted in significantly improved survival. Steroids, once commonly used, are now considered contraindicated. Because of the wide variety of medications which may be associated with this adverse reaction, it is essential to be familiar with the clinical presentation of TEN, as well as the initial steps in treatment.
Subgroup Discovery with CN2-SD (2004)

This paper investigates how to adapt standard classification rule learning approaches to subgroup discovery. The goal of subgroup discovery is to find rules describing subsets of the population that are sufficiently large and statistically unusual. The paper presents a subgroup discovery algorithm, CN2-SD, developed by modifying parts of the CN2 classification rule learner: its covering algorithm, search heuristic, probabilistic classification of instances, and evaluation measures. Experimental evaluation of CN2-SD on 23 UCI data sets shows substantial reduction of the number of induced rules, increased rule coverage and rule significance, as well as slight improvements in terms of the area under ROC curve, when compared with the CN2 algorithm. Application of CN2-SD to a large traffic accident data set confirms these findings.
Measurements and climatic effect of the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption. (1991)

The Workshop was convened to examine the potential of using the Mt. Pinatubo eruption to study the effect of volcanic clouds on climate. Mt.Pinatubo (15 degrees N, 120 degrees E), Indonesia, erupted for several days from 12 June 1991, with major eruptions sending volcanic debris up to altitudes of 40km on 15 June. The resultant volcanic cloud was observed over Melbourne in mid-July and has produced spectacular optical displays in the Australian tropics during sunrise and sunset periods.