gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Psychometric Properties of Classroom Response System Data: A Case Study (2016)

Classroom response systems (often referred to as “clickers”) have slowly gained adoption over the recent decade; however, critics frequently doubt their pedagogical value starting with the validity of the gathered responses: There is concern that students simply “click” random answers. This case study looks at different measures of response reliability, starting from a global look at correlations between formative clicker responses and summative examination performance to how clicker questions are used in context. It was found that clicker performance is a moderate indicator of course performance as a whole, and that while the psychometric properties of clicker items are more erratic than those of examination data, they still have acceptable internal consistency and include items with high discrimination. It was also found that clicker responses and item properties do provide highly meaningful feedback within a lecture context, i.e., when their position and function within lecture sessions are taken into consideration. Within this framework, conceptual questions provide measurably more meaningful feedback than items that require calculations.
Asymmetrische Hydrosilylierung von Acetophenon mit Rhodium‐Komplexen optisch aktiver Schiff‐Basen (1982)

Abstract Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 769. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198207690
Craniocarpotarsal Dysplasia (1988)

Currently, 50 cases of craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, or whistling face syndrome (WFS), have been reported, with more than 60 anatomical anomalies involving the head, hands, and feet, in addition to the face. In spite of the fact that there is much information concerning the surgical correction of many of these deformities, such as the surgical program for the hands outlined by Call and Strickland in 1981, there is little information concerning the surgical correction of facial deformities. In view of this, we present here a case report of a patient with WFS and our surgical approach to the facial deformities involved. Since January 24, 1983, when this 7-year-old girl first came into our care, she has successfully undergone a total forehead reshaping, correction of congenital upper eyelid ptosis, and a bilateral commissuroplasty. Follow-up for more than three years has shown stable surgical results.
P1‐272: Opposite effects of cerebrolysin on serum TNF‐alpha and IGF‐I levels in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and low insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels are pathogenic-risk factors and constitute therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrolysin (Cere) is a neurotrophic compound able to reduce neuroinflammation and brain amyloid deposition in AD animal models. The effects of Cere treatment on the peripheral TNF-alpha and IGF-I systems were investigated in sera of mild to moderate AD patients. Changes in serum TNF-alpha, total and dissociable IGF-I levels were determined by ELISA in 207 AD patients (Age=74.06+/-8.61 years; 146/61 female/male) completing a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial to evaluate the effects of three doses of Cere in comparison with placebo. AD patients received iv infusions of Cere (10ml, 30ml or 60 ml) or placebo (0.9% saline) 5 days/week for four weeks and thereafter two times per week for 8 weeks. Patients were then without treatment for another 12 weeks until the end of the study (week 24). Changes in serum TNF-alpha, total and dissociable IGF-I levels were determined by ELISA in 207 AD patients (Age=74.06+/-8.61 years; 146/61 female/male) completing a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial to evaluate the effects of three doses of Cere in comparison with placebo. AD patients received iv infusions of Cere (10ml, 30ml or 60 ml) or placebo (0.9% saline) 5 days/week for four weeks and thereafter two times per week for 8 weeks. Patients were then without treatment for another 12 weeks until the end of the study (week 24). The present results are showing for the first time the opposite influence of one anti-dementia treatment on serum TNF-alpha and IGF-I levels, as well as the correlation of changes in these biological parameters with the clinical effects of the drug. Results of this study suggest the contribution of TNF-alpha and IGF-I to the efficacy of Cere in mild to moderate AD. The potential utility of both factors as therapeutic biomarkers in AD is also suggested.
40 Gb/s Optical Noise Suppression and Wavelength Conversion by MQW Saturable Absorber integrated in a Fabry-Perot cavity (2002)

© 2002 DTU. Suppression of ASE noise on zeros (25% SD reduction) in 40 Gb/s transmission and wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s is demonstrated, using a reduced energy (4 MeV) ion-implanted InGaAsP MQW saturable absorber thai requires no post-implant fabrication.
Genetic and physiological control of host cell lysis by bacteriophage lambda (1977)

The timing of host cell lysis at the end of the lytic cycle of phage lambda is under complex control. The lambda S protein stimulates lysis. Another physiological system, the lysis regulator, inhibitis lysis from occurring prematurely. The effects of a series of phage and bacterial mutations on these controls are described. They show that the lambda rex gene plays a role in regulating lysis under suboptimal growth conditions. In certain mutant cells, and especially under anaerobic culture conditions, the rex gene aids in the scheduling of host cell lysis. The data also suggest that the lysis regulator may control the transition of the lambda S protein from an inactive to an active state.
A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Updates (2014)

Since the publication of “A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals” in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. They are the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).
Numerical Simulation of Non-Darcy Flow Utilizing the New Forchheimer's Diffusivity Equation (2003)

Abstract Recently, it became evident that non-Darcy flow occurs not only in gas reservoirs, fractured reservoirs and multi-permeability systems within oil reservoirs experienced non-linearity due to non-Darcy flow behavior. Most reservoir simulators currently used encountered false predictions due to their dependency on the traditionally used diffusivity equation. This paper introduces alternative diffusivity equation to replace the one derived from Darcy's law. The new equation was derived from the commonly known as Forchheimer's equation which is basically Darcy's equation plus an inertia term to account for high velocity fluid flow in porous medium. Mathematical derivation of the diffusivity equation based on Forchheimer equation has been presented in a previous paper by the authors. The newly derived diffusivity equation has been numerically simulated. Correlations used to estimate the non-Darcy coefficient "β" have been comprehensively reviewed; nine correlations found suitable for use in this study for technical reasons. A new dimensionless number (Be) relating β, velocity, density and viscosity has been introduced to differentiate between Darcy and non-Darcy flow in porous medium for any rock type and any flowing fluid. Evidences show that this new dimensionless number cannot be considered a declaration of turbulence flow in porous medium rather the energy loss is contributed to the nature of both flowing fluid and the porous medium. The point of deviation from the Darcian behavior to the non-Darcian behavior has been found at Be = 0, for practical use it has been determined that Be = 0.0526 at 5% deviation from Darcy's linear trend. A range of permeability from 1 md to 1000 md with porosity changing accordingly has been verified with the new model, velocity as low as 0.0001 cm/sec and as high as 700 cc/sec has been tested as well. Both Darcy and non-Darcy behaviors have been identified for the domain of testing, and the numerical model has proven of good agreement in all cases.
Simulating the IHOP_2002 Fair-Weather CBL with the WRF-ARW–Noah Modeling System. Part I: Surface Fluxes and CBL Structure and Evolution along the Eastern Track (2009)

Abstract Fair-weather data from the May–June 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) 46-km eastern flight track in southeast Kansas are compared to simulations using the advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to the Noah land surface model (LSM), to gain insight into how the surface influences convective boundary layer (CBL) fluxes and structure, and to evaluate the success of the modeling system in representing CBL structure and evolution. This offers a unique look at the capability of the model on scales the length of the flight track (46 km) and smaller under relatively uncomplicated meteorological conditions. It is found that the modeled sensible heat flux H is significantly larger than observed, while the latent heat flux (LE) is much closer to observations. The slope of the best-fit line ΔLE/ΔH to a plot of LE as a function of H, an indicator of horizontal variation in available energy H + LE, for the data along the flight track, was shallower than observed. In a previous study of the IHOP_2002 western track, similar results were explained by too small a value of the parameter C in the Zilitinkevich equation used in the Noah LSM to compute the roughness length for heat and moisture flux from the roughness length for momentum, which is supplied in an input table; evidence is presented that this is true for the eastern track as well. The horizontal variability in modeled fluxes follows the soil moisture pattern rather than vegetation type, as is observed; because the input land use map does not capture the observed variation in vegetation. The observed westward rise in CBL depth is successfully modeled for 3 of the 4 days, but the actual depths are too high, largely because modeled H is too high. The model reproduces the timing of observed cumulus cloudiness for 3 of the 4 days. Modeled clouds lead to departures from the typical clear-sky straight line relating surface H to LE for a given model time, making them easy to detect. With spatial filtering, a straight slope line can be recovered. Similarly, larger filter lengths are needed to produce a stable slope for observed fluxes when there are clouds than for clear skies.
Nonlinear Effects in the Collapse of a Nearly Spherical Cavity in a Liquid (1972)

The collapse of pure vapor bubbles in an infinite liquid initially perturbed from a spherical shape is simulated numerically for two cases. In Case A the bubble is initially close to a prolate ellipsoid, and in Case B it is initially close to an oblate ellipsoid. Nonlinear effects are determined by comparing the results with those predicted by the linearized theory of Plesset and Mitchell. These nonlinear effects are found to be important only in the final stages of collapse. In Case A a pair of inward moving jets develop and strike each other with a final speed which is roughly half that, predicted from the linear theory.
Assisted design of linkage‐driven adaptive soft fingers (2013)

Purpose Adaptive grippers are versatile end effectors that mechanically adapt their shapes to the objects they seize, allowing for soft and delicate grasps while still allowing for strong contact forces if needed and therefore they are well suited for industrial applications. The purpose of this paper is to present a software‐oriented approach to design optimal architectures of linkage‐driven adaptive (often a.k.a underactuated) fingers with three degrees of freedom. Design/methodology/approach The user of the software presented in this paper can design planar underactuated fingers following defined constraints. The software uses an algorithm able to compute the internal and contact forces generated, respectively, in and by the finger, it is also capable of automating the design of non‐straight links to eliminate mechanical interferences, and includes results from a topological synthesis to generate all possible architectures. The mechanisms are evaluated for many criteria such as the volume of their workspaces, stability, force isotropy, stiffness of their grasps, and compactness. Findings This article introduces 11 new designs of underactuated fingers for four different usages, and many of these variants are good candidates for a physical realization. One of the interesting results of this work is the recurrence of S3 variants coupled with torque amplifiers or closely resembling designs using many unrelated performance criteria. Originality/value This paper is the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to investigate the systematic design of underactuated fingers driven by linkages considering not one but dozens of mechanical architectures.
Sedation with Dexmedetomidine or Propofol Impairs Hypoxic Control of Breathing in Healthy Male Volunteers (2016)

Dexmedetomidine-induced sedation reduces ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia to a similar extent as sedation with propofol. This finding implies that sedation with dexmedetomidine interacts with both peripheral and central control of breathing.
Subtle extrapyramidal signs and incident dementia (1995)

We previously reported [1] that the presence of mild extrapyramidal signs (EPS) significantly predicts Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly individuals, independent of age, education, or gender. We now report a confirmation of our data after accrual of more cases and additional follow-up assessments.

### Methods.

Two hundred twenty-six normal elderly controls from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project studied by Richards et al [1] were the subjects for follow-up. Data for these subjects accrued since October 1992 were added, and five additional subjects, previously with baseline data only, underwent at least one follow-up assessment. EPS were measured using a modified version of the …
A linear synthesis of gemcitabine (2015)

Gemcitabine, 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine, is currently prescribed against a number of cancers. Here we report a linear synthesis of gemcitabine with a high-yielding direct conversion of 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose into the corresponding glycosyl urea as the key step, followed by conventional conversion to the cytosine base via the uracil derivative. The process proceeded with modest anomeric selectivity.
Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of tetraphenyldiarsetene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and x-ray crystal structure of tetraphenyldiarseteneGerard Sennyey, Francois Mathey, Jean Fischer, and Andre MitschlerCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 2, 298–304Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00074a016https://doi.org/10.1021/om00074a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Determination of vanadium by controlled-potential coulometry (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of vanadium by controlled-potential coulometryLester P. Rigdon and J. E. HarrarCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 12, 1673–1675Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60281a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60281a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hot-carrier degradation behavior of N- and P-channel MOSFET's under dynamic operation conditions (1994)

An in-depth study of the dynamic hot-carrier degradation behavior of N- and P-channel MOS transistors was performed based on the change of charge pumping and I-V characteristics. It is shown that for transistors with channel lengths ranging from 2 to 0.5 /spl mu/m and frequencies up to 100 MHz the degradation under dynamic stress can completely be described as a quasi-static degradation, provided all static degradation effects are taken into account in the appropriate way. This means that the influence of post-stress effects and charge buildup or charge detrapping have to be considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A universal model for predicting the full bloom date of Japanese flowering cherry (2010)

Full bloom dates of the ‘Someiyoshino’ flowering cherry (Prunus×yedoensis Matsum.) and hourly temperature data at 46 observatories across Japan were used to develop a universal model for predicting the phenology without site specific calibration. The prediction model consisted of three sub models for endodormancy and ecodormancy stages respectively, as well as their transient dormancy stage. The chill unit model of the endodormancy stage was expressed as a concave-low parabolic equation with a maximum chill unit value of 1.0 optimal temperature. In ecodormancy, the effective temperature curve for bud growth to accumulate the growing degree hours (GDH) was expressed as a sigmoid function at temperatures exceeding 0℃. Usually temperatures below 0℃ are excluded for GDH accumulation; however, in this model a positive constant was included assuming the promotive effects on bud growth under successively higher temperatures. Since the transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy should be a gradual response, the GDH was weighted by another sigmoid curve of growth competence which determined the growth ability of buds to forcing temperatures. The growth competence was zero during the initial stage of endodormacny and started gradually climbing before the end of endodormancy. The model parameters were evaluated by examining the deviation of accumulated GDH and RMSE between the observed and predicted dates. First, the model was fitted to different climate sites, Aomori and Fukuoka, and then tested at other sites nationwide. The selected model required an accumulated chill unit of 1450 for endodormancy completion with an effective temperature range from -6 to 14℃, and then the accumulated development of 6000 GDH to reach full bloom. The model, based on hourly temperature data only, succeeded in expressing the trends of full bloom dates for almost all sites except for southern Kyushu region, with the RMSE between observed and predicted dates of 2.33 days.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Synthetic Vaccines Against Antitumor and HIV Having Lipid A Analogues as a Synthetic Immunoadjuvant (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE OF PHOTORESPONSIVE CAPPED CYCLODEXTRIN DETECTED BY CIRCULAR DICHROISM (1979)

Abstract The circular dichroism spectrum of azobenzene-capped β-cyclodextrin (I) was found, in some cases, to show an abrupt change on addition of guest molecules with ionic nature. This nonstoichiometric behavior was regarded as evidence for a conformational transition of the cyclodextrin moiety caused by outside binding of the guest molecules.