gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Knowledge-based system for analysis of aerial images</title> (1991)

In this paper we describe a system for monitoring activities in aerial images. The system uses many knowledge sources and databases to guide the interpretation process. It has an innovative control scheme for managing the execution of the tasks utilizing of its knowledge sources and updating of its many databases. As a result the system not only is aware of the existence and usefulness of all knowledge present in its vanous databases it also knows how to use that knowledge and the processing modules in cooperation to achieve a common goal of detecting events of interests from a set of aerial photographs. Also to overcome the difficulties of the object recognition task a model-based technique is used to detect predict verify and recognize the objects of interests in the scene.
Machine Learning-Based Pre-Routing Timing Prediction with Reduced Pessimism (2019)

Optimizations at placement stage need to be guided by timing estimation prior to routing. To handle timing uncertainty due to the lack of routing information, people tend to make very pessimistic predictions such that performance specification can be ensured in the worst case. Such pessimism causes over-design that wastes chip resources or design effort. In this work, a machine learning-based pre-routing timing prediction approach is introduced. Experimental results show that it can reach accuracy near post-routing sign-off analysis. Compared to a commercial pre-routing timing estimation tool, it reduces false positive rate by about 2/3 in reporting timing violations.
X-ray powder diffraction data for estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione, C <sub>18</sub> H <sub>22</sub> O <sub>2</sub> (2020)

X-ray powder diffraction data for estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione, C 18 H 22 O 2 , are reported [ a = 9.236(7) Å, b = 10.294(4) Å, c = 15.471(1) Å, unit cell volume V = 1471.11 Å 3 , Z = 4, and space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 ]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P 2 1 2 1 2 1 space group. No detectable impurities were observed. The single-crystallographic data of the compound are also reported [ a = 9.2392(7) Å, b = 10.2793(5) Å, c = 15.4822(7) Å, unit cell volume V = 1470.37(15) Å 3 , Z = 4, and space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 ]. Both single-crystal and powder diffraction methods can get the similar structure data.
Formation and Degradation of Furfuryl Alcohol, 5-Methylfurfuryl Alcohol, Vanillyl Alcohol, and Their Ethyl Ethers in Barrel-Aged Wines (1998)

Furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and vanillin co-occurred in 64 barrel-aged red, white, and model wines with the reduction products, furfuryl alcohol, 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol, and vanillyl alcohol, and with the corresponding ethyl ethers of these alcohols. Hydrolytic studies in a model wine have shown that 5-methylfurfuryl ethyl ether is formed rapidly from 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol, but both decomposed quickly under the conditions. Vanillyl ethyl ether was also formed relatively rapidly, and both this ether and vanillyl alcohol were stable in the model wine. The formation of furfuryl ethyl ether from furfuryl alcohol and the subsequent decomposition of these two compounds were comparatively slow. The relative concentration of these aromatic alcohols and ethers in the barrel-aged wines was consistent with the observed stability of the furan derivatives, but low concentrations of vanillyl alcohol and vanillyl ethyl ether observed in all samples showed that factors other than solvolytic degradation were responsible for reducing the concentration of these compounds in wine. Furfuryl ethyl ether, which had an aroma threshold of 430 µg/L in a white wine, was found at approximate concentrations of up to 230 µg/L in the wines.
Introduction to Partially Guest-Edited Issue (2013)

How undergraduates become committed to or influenced by applied anthropological approaches, stances, or ethics is often omitted within the corpus of anthropological publications. Yet the transformative experiences they can have when "in the field" are often life changing, and have the potential to impact nonanthropologists more significantly than can more professional or academic writing through the affect and experiential immediacy expressed in their oral or written presentations. Exposing undergraduates to major cultural differences as disciplinary neophytes often yields raw, impassioned insights that the seasoned applied anthropologist often expects and therefore subsumes under professional goals or purposes. Six of the eleven articles in this issue of Practicing Anthropology focus on these transformative experiences undergraduate students undergo when engaged in fieldwork.
Analysis of the Euler Method and Its Applicability in Environmental Magnetic Investigations (1996)

The analysis of the Euler method from the perspective of three-dimensional semi-compact magnetic sources shows that for arbitrarily shaped sources, the anomaly attenuation rate varies with increasing source-to-observation distance. For such sources, the value of n (commonly known as the structural index) is a function of the size of the window and the distance to the window. The variation of the n in the case of arbitrarily shaped sources is an inherent source of scatter in the derived solutions because no single n is correct at all source-to-observation distances. Because the Euler method is able to place the horizontal positions of the sources more precisely, much of the error due to an incorrect choice of n is mapped into the depth error. The percent depth error resulting from an incorrect choice of n is scale-independent, resulting in smaller physical errors in an application involving small distances and larger physical errors in an application involving large distances. It is shown with heuristic and actual examples from steel drums that the physical location errors resulting from the application of the Euler method can be within an acceptable range for environmental applications.
<title>Adaptive stereoscopic image conversion of 2D image</title> (2001)

In recent years, there have been many researches being done throughout the world on the 3D image conversion of 2D image. However, 3D image conversion of 2D image has many problems on obtaining the optimal stereopsis. Stereopsis is dominated to relative position of several objects and depth information within image. Accordingly, in this paper, as a new adaptive scheme for stereoscopic image conversion of 2D image is suggested. Two input images acquired by Stereo Camera have different disparity information to each other. Disparity map, based on disparity information, presents mutually different occulusion region in the left/right image. These depend on the left view & right view and front & rear view of the virtual image plane. If arbitrary threshold values are applied to disparity map, we can get segmented objects from the input image. Using the principle of horizontal parallax, segmented objects are shifted with optimal screen disparity. In this case, we can improve stereopsis by differential shifting.
Implementing the LZ-index (2009)

The LZ-index is a theoretical proposal of a lightweight data structure for text indexing, based on the Ziv-Lempel trie. If a text of u characters over an alphabet of size σ is compressible to n symbols using the LZ78 algorithm, then the LZ-index takes 4 n log 2 n (1+ o (1)) bits of space (that is, 4 times the entropy of the text) and reports the R occurrences of a pattern of length m in worst case time O ( m 3 log σ + ( m + R )log n ). In this paper we face the challenge of obtaining a practical implementation of the LZ-index, which is not at all straightforward from the theoretical proposal. We end up with a prototype that takes the promised space and has average search time O (σ m log u + √ uR ). This prototype is shown to be faster than other competing approaches when we take into account the time to report the positions or text contexts of the occurrences found. We show in detail the process of implementing the index, which involves interesting lessons of theory versus practice.
Optimized selection of training samples for One-Class Neural Network classifier (2014)

One-Class Classification (OCC) based on the Auto-Associative Neural Networks (AANN) has been widely used in various recognition applications for its effective robustness. Its main advantage lies in the description of samples more accurately to other OCCs. However, it is considerably sensitive to the presence of outliers or noisy data contained into the training set, which may affect badly the representative model. Hence, we propose in this paper an algorithm that uses the AANN for selecting the most representative training samples. The same AANN is retrained to reproduce the selected samples for generating an optimal representative model. The experimental evaluation conducted on several real-world benchmarks confirms the effective use of the Selected Training Samples for Associative Neural Network (STS-AANN) versus the training on the entire set.
Optimal multiresolutional distribution filtering (2005)

An optimal multiresolutional distributed filtering algorithm is derived. The wavelet transforms are utilized as a bridge linking different resolution levels. The algorithm can be used for dynamic multiresolutional sensor/data fusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modern photochemical theory and explanation of the behavior of the ion concentration above 100 km (1975)

Modern problems of upper atmosphere photo-chemistry are examined, which are now mainly concentrated in the region of the lower ionosphere (50-200 km). The arrangement of the processes, which govern the behavior of ionized particles at different levels of the lower ionosphere, is presented and discussed. A detailed analysis is given of the variations in the ion composition and the connection between the behavior of neutral and ionized particles is studied. A detailed description is given for the new trends in atmospheric photochemistry, i.e., the study of the reactions with excited particles. Both sides of the problem are considered: the photochemistry of excited atoms and molecules itself, and the contribution of these particles to such important questions of the physics of the ionization, electron balance, and nitric oxide formation.
Heteropolyanions containing two different heteroatoms. Part II. Anions related to 18-tungstodiphosphate (1968)

The preparation of eleven heteropolytungstate anions, X2ZW17O62H2x–(X = P or As; Z = Mn, Co, Ni, or Zn) is described. These include the first heteropolyanions with MnIII as heteroatom. The stabilities of the anions towards acid and base, and the redox potentials and magnetic moments of the Z heteroatoms are reported, and the formulation of the anions and their spectra are discussed.
Design and optimization of microring resonators in biochemical sensing applications (2006)

Microring resonators can be exploited for biochemical sensing applications. To gain a better understanding of the design and optimization of microring sensors, the authors analytically derive the detection limit and the sensitivity. Other important parameters, including the ON-OFF contrast ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), are also considered. In this paper, the combination of two sensing mechanisms and two sensing schemes are analyzed. These calculations provide a guideline for determining the microring geometry to satisfy the desired sensing requirements. In addition, the results can provide insights on how to enhance the sensitivity and lower the detection limit.
Eye rotation induced dynamics of a Newtonian fluid within the vitreous cavity: the effect of the chamber shape (2007)

The dynamics of the vitreous body induced by eye rotations is studied experimentally. In particular, we consider the case in which the vitreous cavity is filled by a Newtonian fluid, either because the vitreous is liquefied or because it has been replaced, after vitrectomy, by a viscous fluid. We employ a rigid Perspex container which models, in a magnified scale, the vitreous cavity of the human eye. The shape of the cavity closely resembles that of the real vitreous chamber; in particular, the anterior part of the container is concave in order to model the presence of the eye lens. The container is filled with glycerol and is mounted on the shaft of a computer-controlled motor which rotates according to a periodic time law. PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurements are taken on the equatorial plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation. The experimental measurements show that the velocity field is strongly influenced by the deformed geometry of the domain. In particular, the formation of a vortex in the vicinity of the lens, which migrates in time towards the core of the domain, is invariably observed. The vortex path is tracked in time by means of a vortex identification technique and it is found that it is significantly influenced by the Womersley number of the flow. Particle trajectories are computed from the PIV measurements. Particles initially located at different positions on the equatorial horizontal plane (perpendicular to the axis of rotation) tend to concentrate in narrow regions adjacent to the lens, thus suggesting the existence, in such regions, of a vertical fluid ejection. Such a strong flow three-dimensionality, which is essentially induced by the irregular shape of the domain, may play a significant role in the mixing processes taking place inside the eye globe. The tangential stresses acting on the rigid boundary of the domain are also computed from the experimental measurements showing that regions subject to particularly intense stresses exist along the boundary close to the lens.
Determination of trace impurities in high-purity oxygen by gas chromatography with photoionization detection (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of trace impurities in high-purity oxygen by gas chromatography with photoionization detectionHiroshi. Ogino, Yoko. Aomura, Masatugu. Komuro, and Tetsu. KobayashiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 20, 2237–2240Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00195a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00195a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed Power System Automation With IEC 61850, IEC 61499, and Intelligent Control (2010)

This paper presents a new approach to power system automation, based on distributed intelligence rather than traditional centralized control. The paper investigates the interplay between two international standards, IEC 61850 and IEC 61499, and proposes a way of combining of the application functions of IEC 61850-compliant devices with IEC 61499-compliant “glue logic,” using the communication services of IEC 61850-7-2. The resulting ability to customize control and automation logic will greatly enhance the flexibility and adaptability of automation systems, speeding progress toward the realization of the smart grid concept.
Liposomes destabilize tRNA during heat stress (2010)

Biomembranes play an important role in cellular response to heat stress. In this study, we focus on the interaction between liposomes and tRNA. Upon heat treatment we determined circular dichroism spectra of tRNA in presence of liposomes prepared from POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and cholesterol (Ch). To compare thermal stability, midpoint temperature (T(m)) of tRNA was calculated from normalized theta(208). Addition of POPC/Ch liposomes decreased the T(m) value of tRNA from 48 degrees C to 38 degrees C. We conclude that POPC/Ch liposomes interact with tRNA and destabilize its conformation under heat stress.
Afghanistan: A Study in Internal Conflict and National Cohesion (2015)

Conflicts are caused by various reasons. When competing groups’ goals, objectives, needs or values clash the aggression and violence is a result. Afghanistan as multi ethnic state enjoyed internal flexibility till socialist revolution (1978) that changed its social fabric due to ideological clash. In bipolar world this conflict invited the involvement of external actors (USSR & USA). Even after the withdrawal of Soviet troops this conflict sustained till 1992. The Mujahidin who had become new masters of the war torn country added fuel to the fire by converting an ideological clash into an ethnic one. Taliban replaced the Mujahidin but their religious orthodoxy also failed to bring national cohesion.The long sustained conflict has direct bearings on national and individual life of people of Afghanistan who have lost their ability to work together. All attempts made on national cohesion and integration so far have failed. People do not rely and trust each other and they have lost their motivation to work together and to rebuild their institutions and economy. It is the legacy of the long war that is still going on. A closer look at the last 35 years traumatic history of the country clearly illustrates the complexity of the problem due to clash of divergent aims and objectives of several parties.
Does Bathing Newborns Remove Potentially Harmful Pathogens from the Skin? (2001)

Bathing with mild soap as opposed to bathing in water alone has minimal effect on skin bacterial colonization. Skin colonization increased over time. The findings did not support the efficacy of bathing with soap and water to reduce skin colonization of bacterial pathogens. Although the incidence of potential pathogens colonizing the skin during the first day of life is low and unlikely to pose a risk to healthy newborns, health care professionals may wish to wear gloves until the infant has been bathed.
Long‐term effects of metformin on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial (2013)

Metformin is associated with improvement in some (vWF and sVCAM-1) but not all markers of endothelial function, which may explain why it is associated with a decreased risk of CV disease in type 2 diabetes.
Field Testing of Several Nitrogen Availability Indexes (1978)

Abstract With no quick, reliable soil N availability test for humid region soils, N fertilizer recommendations in these areas are being made on the basis of crop N requirements. When the variability in N‐supplying capability of soils is not taken into account, most N fertilizer recommendations will be inaccurate, leading to inefficient use of N, less economical crop production, and the potential for N pollution of the nation's air and water. Although several N availability indexes have proved to be well correlated with the N‐supplying capability of a soil in greenhouse or laboratory experiments, very little testing of these indexes has been done with field experiments. Eight N availability indexes were correlated with the capability of eight Pennsylvania soils to supply N to field‐grown corn ( Zea mays L.) in 1976 and 1977. Boiling 0.01 M CaCl 2 and 0.01 M NaHCO 3 ‐extractable N were both significantly correlated at the 1% level ( r = 0.86 and 0.77, respectively) with the N‐supplying capability of the soils from the combined 1976 and 1977 experiments. Autoclave‐extractable NH 4 ‐N and total soil N were significantly correlated with the soil supplying capability at the 5% confidence level ( r = 0.70 and 0.68, respectively). Walkley‐Black soil organic matter, soil NO 3 ‐ , and H 2 SO 4 ‐extractable and KCl‐extractable N were not significantly correlated with N availability in the field. Though four of the indexes were well correlated with the N availability in the soil, time and expense necessary for these analyses may preclude their being used routinely by soil testing laboratories.
Access 97 developer's handbook (1997)

From the Publisher:
Here's the book the Access community relies on! Packed with tips, tricks, secrets, undocumented features, and tons of reusable source code, this indispensable guide is your ticket to developing bulletproof applications. Learn how to build more efficient databases, design better user interfaces, develop client/server applications, and plan for interoperability. The companion CD includes all examples from the book, a library of reusable code, ready-to-use subroutines and user-interface objects, and great freeware and shareware utilities.
Effect of scattering around BS on the spatial statistics of mobile channel in macrocell environment (2010)

In this paper, we first derive closed form expression for the pdf of angle of arrival (AOA) at mobile station (MS) when both base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) are surrounded by gaussian distributed scatterers, represented by two separate gaussian functions. The heaviness of scattering around BS is controlled by a scattering-free zone around BS. By using different values for the radius of scattering-free zone, we show the plots of the pdf of AOA at MS for different macro celluler environments. Next we derive closed form expression for complex correlation among received signal envelopes at the antenna array mounted at BS. Results are obtained for various scenarios and then are compared with those obtained using well known Gaussian scattering density model (GSDM). Moreover we show the effect of radius of scattering free zone on the envelope correlations at MS.
Penetration depth of single-, two-, and three-photon fluorescence microscopic imaging through human cortex structures: Monte Carlo simulation (2003)

Penetration depth is investigated in terms of the performance of transverse image resolution and signal level in human cortex under single-, two-, and three-photon fluorescence microscopy. Simulation results show that, in a double-layer human cortex structure consisting of gray and white matter media, the signal level is strongly affected by the existence of the white matter medium under three-photon excitation. Compared with three-photon excitation, two-photon excitation keeps a better signal level and sacrifices a slight degradation in image resolution. In a thick gray matter medium, a penetration depth of 1500 microm with a near-diffraction-limited resolution is obtainable under three-photon excitation. It is also demonstrated that the numerical aperture has a slight influence on image resolution and signal level under two- and three-photon excitation because of the nonlinear nature in the excitation process.