gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENOTYPE AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN OF VARIOUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS (2002)

Vitamin D has been found to affect insulin secretion. A previous study showed that the FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism was associated with insulin sensitivity in glucose tolerant Caucasians. PURPOSE: To determine if the VDR BSMI gene polymorphism was associated with plasma insulin levels and insulin sensitivity in 60 Caucasian, postmenopausal women after accounting for physical activity (PA), body composition, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS: Women were screened for cardiovascular disease with a physical examination, resting electrocardiogram and maximal exercise test. A PA questionnaire was used to classify women as sedentary, physically active, or athletic. Subjects underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and acute insulin response (AIRg). Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition. DNA was typed using standard PCR methods and resulted in the following genotype groups: BB, n = 15; Bb, n = 28; and bb, n = 17. RESULTS: There were no differences between the genotype groups for age, weight, percent fat, BMI, or PA level. Approximately half of the women in each genotype group were on HRT. ANOVA showed that the VDR gene polymorphism was not associated with fasting glucose (p = .91), fasting insulin (p = .21), AIRg (p = .78), or SI (p = .53). However, it is of clinical importance to note: the BB genotype group had significantly lower fasting insulin levels than the Bb genotype group (2.9 ± .3 vs 4.2 ± .35 μU/mL; p = .03); there was a trend for the BB genotype group to have higher SI than the Bb genotype group (6.6 ± 1.1 vs 4.8 ± 0.51 μU × 10–4/min/mL; p = .07); and there appeared to be a dose (b allele)-dependent relationship on AIRg with the BB homozygotes demonstrating the lowest (161 ± 30 pmol/L) and the bb homozygotes the highest AIRg (238 ± 50 pmol/L). CONCLUSION: These results suggest the B allele is associated with lower fasting insulin and perhaps greater insulin sensitivity, independent of PA levels and body composition.
Interviewing over instant messaging (2004)

Interviews often serve as the cornerstone of human-computer interaction research. As a research method, they can both be deeply valuable and distinctly challenging. Pragmatic challenges of interviews include the travel that may be required to meet face-to-face with a respondent or the time necessary to transcribe the exchange. As a tool for conducting interviews, instant messaging presents some compelling potential benefits to mitigate challenges such as these. And yet, over the medium of instant messaging, the genre of the interview takes on a different character. Drawing from our experiences conducting interviews over instant messaging, we reflect on the implications of using this new medium for conducting interviews.
On-site field tests for study of low-rank western coal fly ash. Technical summary report, field test No. 3. Big Brown Station electrostatic precipitator (1984)

This report describes the results of field and laboratory studies of combined NH/sub 3/ and SO/sub 3/ conditioning at the Big Brown Station of Texas Utilities Generating Company. This unusual combination of conditioning agents is used routinely at the Big Brown Station in order to improve the performance of the cold-side electrostatic precipitators. The primary objectives of this field study were to evaluate the performance of one of the Big Brown precipitators, and to obtain data on the concentration, composition, and size distribution of the fly ash, as well as the composition of the flue gas and the overall and fractional collection efficiencies of the precipitator. The laboratory studies of the Big Brown fly ash were intended to further characterize the ash both physically and chemically, and to study the attenuation of the electrical resistivity of the ash associated with the surface film produced by the dual conditioning process and by the use of SO/sub 3/ conditioning alone. 6 references, 22 figures, 9 tables.
Online Separation and Identification of Isomers Using Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Ion Spectroscopy Coupled to Liquid Chromatography: Application to the Analysis of Disaccharides Regio-Isomers and Monosaccharide Anomers (2018)

The vast array of molecular isomerisms which form the complex molecular structure of carbohydrates is the foundation of their biological versatility but defies the analytical chemist. Hyphenations of mass spectrometry with orthogonal structural characterization, such as ion mobility or ion spectroscopy, have recently shown great promise for distinction between closely related molecular structures. Yet, the lack of analytical strategies for identification of isomers present in mixtures remains a major obstacle to routine carbohydrate sequencing. In this context, an ideal workflow for glycomics would combine isomer separation and individual characterization of the molecular structure with atomistic resolution. Here we report the implementation of such a multidimensional analytical strategy, which consists of the first online coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS and infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. The performance of this novel workflow is exemplified in the case of monosaccharides (anomers) and disaccharides (regioisomers) standards. We report that the LC-MS-IRMPD approach offers a robust advanced MS diagnostic of mixtures of isomers, including carbohydrate anomers, which is critical for carbohydrate sequencing. Our results also explain the bimodal character generally observed in LC chromatograms of carbohydrates. More generally, this multidimensional analytical strategy opens the gateway to rapid identification of molecular isoforms with potential application in the "omics" fields.
Combustion Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Chlorate and Nitrite (2010)

Abstract: Combustion data of ammonium chlorate and nitrite have been analyzed. The leading reactions of combustion of both NH4ClO3 and NH4NO2 at low pressures have been shown to proceed in the condensed phase, with the burning rate defined by the decomposition kinetics at the surface temperature. The kinetics of NH4ClO3 and NH4NO2 decomposition have been calculated by using a condensed-phase combustion model.
Positional cues that are strictly localized in the telencephalon induce preferential growth of mitral cell axons (1996)

In mice, mitral cells are the major efferent neurons of the main olfactory bulb and elongate axons into a very narrow part of the telencephalon to form a fiber bundle referred to as the lateral olfactory tract (LOT). To clarify the mechanisms responsible for guidance of mitral cell axons along this particular pathway, we co-cultured mouse embryo main olfactory bulbs with the telencephalons, and analyzed the pathways taken by mitral cell axons. Ingrowth of mitral cell axons into the telencephalon was observed in those co-cultures in which the olfactory bulbs had been exactly combined to their normal pathway (the LOT position) of the telencephalon. The axons grew preferentially along the LOT position, and formed a LOT-like fiber bundle. When the olfactory bulbs were grafted at positions apart from their normal pathway, however, no mitral cell axons grew into the telencephalon. Neocortical fragments combined with the telencephalon projected fibers into the telencephalon in random directions. These results suggest that the LOT position of the telencephalon offers a guiding pathway for mitral cell axons and that guiding cues for mitral cell axons are extremely localized.
A Three-Dimensional Diffuser Design for the Retrofit of a Low Pressure Turbine Using In-House Exhaust Design System (2011)

The performance of the last stage of a Low Pressure (LP) steam turbine is strongly coupled with the downstream exhaust hood performance. In particular, the effect of the diffuser within the exhaust hood on the pressure recovery is very important in retrofitting existing machines, which dictate many geometric constraints. Alstom’s in-house Exhaust Design System (EDS) simulates the three-dimensional flow in the exhaust hood by coupling the last stage blades and the exhaust hood. This EDS system can be used to design an LP diffuser in the exhaust hood and to achieve the required performance targets. In the first part of this paper, the EDS system is validated against measurements within model turbines, which represent both a standard machine as well as a retrofit machine. In the second part of this paper, an LP diffuser was redesigned to improve the performance using the EDS method. To begin with, an axi-symmetric diffuser was designed using numerical simulations of a passage in the last stage turbine as well as a slice of the diffuser and the exhaust hood. By carefully controlling the profile of the diffuser casing, the flow separation at the original casing walls was reduced significantly and this, in turn, improved the performance of the turbine substantially. Then, the full geometry of the exhaust hood was modeled in order to investigate the effect of the three-dimensional flow features. Based on the examined flow features, an asymmetric change was introduced to the diffuser casing to improve the three-dimensional flow structure. This new asymmetric diffuser was found to maximize the exhaust performance.
Spontaneous resolution of massive expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage with good long-term visual outcome: a case report (2015)

Favorable anatomic and visual outcomes can be attained with conservative management even in cases of massive expulsive SCH, particularly when central retinal apposition resolves in 2 weeks.
Uber die Monoterpenglucoside. XI. Chemische Korrelation des Asperulosids mit Swerosid (1970)

Durch die Uberfuhrung des in der Absolutstruktur abgeklarten Asperulosids (IV) und des Swerosids (III) zu 9-Epidihydroswerosid-tetraacetat ist die chemische Korrelation der beiden Naturstoffe festgestellt. Dabei wurde weiter die Stereochemie der Aglucone von Dihydroswerosid (XXVIII), α-Tetrahydrogentiopicrosid (XXV) und 9-Epidihydroswerosid sowie die der aus diesen Agluconen abgeleiteten Dilactone diskutiert.
Combined analysis of HLA class I, HLA-E and HLA-G predicts prognosis in colon cancer patients (2013)

Tumours showing absence of HLA class I, HLA-E and HLA-G expressions were related to a better OS and DFS. By combining the expression status of several immune-related biomarkers, three tumour immune phenotypes were created that related to patient outcome. These immune phenotypes represented significant, independent, clinical prognostic profiles in colon cancer.
Erythroid colony stimulating and inhibiting cells in peripheral blood of transfused dogs: separation of function by velocity sedimentation (1979)

We have previously shown that the addition of normal dog peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to cultures of allogeneic marrow increases the number of marrow-derived erythroid colonies (EC), but that PBL from transfused dogs usually inhibit EC growth from marrow of the transfusion donor. In this study, the cells in normal dog PBL responsible for stimulating EC growth were shown to sediment in a narrow peak at 4.30 mm/hr. A similar population of stimulating cells exists in transfused dogs and can be separated, on the basis of size, from cells that inhibit EC growth. EC-stimulating cells from transfused dog PBL sediment at 3.3--5.0 mm/hr, while cells responsible for inhibition are larger and sediment more rapidly at 5.4--8.1 mm/hr. These data demonstrate that cells capable of stimulating allogeneic EC are present in transfused dogs, but their stimulating ability is masked by the presence of EC-inhibiting cells. Thus, coculture experiments designed to test lymphocyte/marrow cell interactions may miss significant but opposing effects if unfractionated cells are used.
Stabilization of Highly Saline Geothermal Brines (1981)

Summary Severe scaling and plugging in a dual-flash testfacility using hot brine from the Salton Seageothermal resource has impeded the development ofthat resource. A brine treatment process proposed byMagma Power Co. appears to have eliminated theseproblems, making development of a 49-MW dual-flash power plant feasible. Introduction In 1971, San Diego Gas and Electric Co. (SDG and E), acting through its subsidiary, New Albion ResourcesCo., joined with Magma Power Co. to begingeothermal exploration and development at theSalton Sea geothermal resource near Niland, CA.Subsequent geothermal discoveries and encouraging well-flow tests led to construction of the U.S.DOE/SDG and E geothermal Loop Experimental Facility(GLEF) on the resource. GLEF was developed initially to serve twopurposes:to determine the technical and economicfeasibility of the flash-binary cycle andtoestablish the capacity and characteristics of theSalton Sea geothermal resource. This informationwas required to ensure design of a reliable, commercial hydrothermal power plant. The facility wasoperated initially as a four-stage flash systemproviding steam to cascading binary heat exchangers. A direct steam turbine cycle did not appear feasiblebecause of the high volume of noncondensable gasesin the brine. Subsequent operation and testing havedemonstrated that instead of 3 wt% thenon-condensable gases compose only about 0.2% of thebrine. As a result, the facility was converted in 1976to a dual-flash parallel flow system with the intent ofgathering information to develop design data for adual-flash direct steam turbine power plant. The brine is characterized as an extremelyhigh-salinity liquid with a total dissolved solids (TDS)concentration greater than 200,000 ppm and issupersaturated with silica and heavy metals. Atypical analysis of this brine is presented in Table 1.The Salton Sea geothermal resource is believed tohave the greatest potential for electric powergeneration of any of the reservoirs in ImperialValley, CA. A preliminary engineering and costanalysis report has been prepared for a 49-MWdual-flash power plant which includes a spent-brinetreatment system utilizing reactor-clarifiers anddual-media gravity filters. The major risk in using the Salton Sea geothermalfluids involves controlling the brine during steamseparation and spent brine injection. Extremescaling at GLEF necessitates plant shutdown afteronly 1,000 hours of operation. Major scalingproblems have occurred in the second-stage flash tank, the atmospheric flash tank, and the associatedpiping and valves. Also, supersaturated silica andsuspended solids in spent brine have caused scalingand plugging of the injection pump casing andinjection well formation. Magma has proposedchanges in previously conceived designs which show potential for reducing brine-handling problems.These changes include (1)a reactor-clarifier andfiltration process to precipitate scaling constituents (mainly silica) and to remove suspended particlesfrom the brine before well injection and (2) seedingof the brine in the flash vessels to reduce scaleformation. JPT P. 727^
Prospective study of serum cysteine levels and oesophageal and gastric cancers in China (2011)

Higher serum concentrations of cysteine were associated with a significantly reduced risk of OSCC and GCA. Cysteine should be further investigated for its potential as a chemopreventive agent for upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Regulation of human B cell function by recombinant CD40 ligand and other TNF-related ligands (1995)

To assess the potential of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and the related molecules CD27 ligand (CD27), CD30 ligand (CD30L), and membrane TNF-alpha to stimulate B cell responses, expression of these proteins in the baculovirus system was performed. Sf9 cells expressing these membrane molecules were cultured with normal human B cells and a variety of B cell lines to assess the functional outcome. The signal provided by CD40L promotes aggregation of B cells, stimulates vigorous proliferation, and induces germ-line transcription of downstream heavy chain constant region genes in the absence of cytokine costimulation. In contrast, CD27L, CD30L, and TNF-alpha had no effects on B cell proliferation. CD27L and TNF-alpha had no effect on the induction of germ-line transcripts, whereas CD30L consistently inhibited constitutive and CD40L-induced germ-line transcription of the epsilon gene by B cell lines that express CD30. These results demonstrate the various members of the TNF family exert specific effects on human B cell function, with CD40L and CD30L providing powerful, but opposing, effects on l epsilon transcription.
Medial Open Transversus Abdominis Plane (MOTAP) Catheters Reduce Opioid Requirements and Improve Pain Control Following Open Liver Resection (2018)

MOTAP catheter analgesia reduces opioid requirements, pain, and length of hospital stay compared with IV PCA following open liver resection with subcostal incisions.
Effect of ranitidine bismuth citrate on the phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> activity of <i>Naja naja</i> venom and <i>Helicobacter pylori:</i> a biochemical analysis (1999)

Our results suggest that one of the mechanisms by which bismuth compounds are therapeutically effective in the treatment of H. pylori associated gastritis is by inhibiting the activity of the degradative PLA2 enzyme secreted by H. pylori. As a consequence of the inhibitory action of RBC on PLA2 of the bacteria, the extracellular and/or intracellular phospholipid components of the gastric mucosal barrier are preserved.
Hydride VPE Growth of GaAs for FET's (1977)

Epitaxial layers of suitable for fabrication of MESFET devices have been grown by the hydride VPE technique . The materials properties and FET characteristics of devices fabricated in this material are similar to those for LPE, and the more common VPE growth techniques. The uniformity of sheet resistance of this material over a substrate area of ∼6.5 cm2 is typically ∼5% (standard deviation from the mean). A new technique has been developed for the growth of buffer layers. The background doping level of is found to be reduced to <1014 cm−3 by the addition of to the stream. More complex n+/n/ buffer layer structures have been grown in a single operation by simply programming gas flow rates during the run.
Determination of Point Mutational Spectra of Benzo[a]pyrene-diol Epoxide in Human Cells (1992)

The primary goal of our research consists of developing means sufficiently sensitive to allow assessment of human exposure to environmental carcinogens. We describe here a new approach for analyzing point mutational spectra and a test for its validity and precision using cultured human cells exposed to high doses of environmental carcinogens. The approach in its present form includes a) treatment of independent large cultures of human cells with a carcinogen, b) selection of mutant cells en masse by 6-thioguanine resistance, c) amplification of sequences of interest directly from 6TGR cells using high-fidelity polymerase chain reaction, and d) separation of mutant sequences from nonmutant sequences using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. We report use of this protocol to observe induced mutational spectra in exon 3 of the hprt gene in cultured human cells by benzo[a]pyrene-diol epoxide (BPDE), an active form of the widely distributed environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. BPDE induced predominantly G to T transversions within this target sequence. The variation of the frequency of the mutations among independent cultures is consistent with the interpretation that each of them corresponds to a hotspot.
A submicrometer high-performance bipolar technology (1989)

The description of a submicrometer self-aligned bipolar technology developed to minimize the device topography and to provide shallow profiles for high-performance (ECL) emitter-coupled logic applications is presented. The technology features 0.8- mu m design rules, planar beakless field oxide, polysilicon-filled deep trench isolation, and the use of rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Conventional ECL circuits with 35-ps gate delays, a novel AC-coupled active-pull-down (API) ECL circuit with 21-ps gate delay, and a 1/128 static frequency divider operated at a maximum clocking frequency of 12.5 GHz are demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genealogy and gene flow among annual domesticated species of <i>Cucurbita</i> (1990)

Over the years, workers have gathered data from various sources in the attempt to understand the evolutionary histories and relationships of the domesticated members of Cucurbita. We used allozyme data to address questions of genealogy, interspecific gene flow, and allelic diversity for 23 commercial cultivars and 17 indigenous landraces of C. maxima, C. mixta, C. moschata, and C. pepo. Allelic diversity was greatest in C. pepo (especially ssp. ovifera) and C. moschata, reflecting complex histories for these taxa. Cucurbita maxima and C. mixta were relatively homogeneous despite morphological heterogeneity. Infraspecific classifications based on morphological characters were not supported by the allozyme data for C. maxima, C. mixta, and C. moschata. The allozymes supported morphological evidence of introgression from C. mixta in Oriental cultivars and southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico landraces of C. moschata. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that C. moschata and C. mixta are probably sister species and that C. pepo shares a common ancestor with these species that is not shared with C. maxima.
Smart conservation for the lazy consumer [Tech Life] (2012)

If your electric company tells you to cut back your energy use or face the possibility of a blackout, you'll probably comply. You'll turn off unnecessary lights and appliances and use the air conditioner less. But the moment the crisis is averted, you'll quickly return to your old habits. That's because in spite of what people say about wanting to protect the environment and save money, they rarely limit their energy consumption to achieve these goals. Convenience always trumps conservation.
DNA fingerprinting study on the intraspecific variation and the origin of Prunus yedoensis (Someiyoshino). (1995)

In order to investigate the intraspecific variation of Prunus yedoensis (Someiyoshino) and interspecific relationship among P. yedoensis, P. lannesiana (Oshimazakura) and P. pendula (Edohigan), DNA fingerprinting study was conducted by using two different kinds of probes, M13 repeat sequence and (GACA)4 synthetic oligonucleotide. In this study, 68 plants of P. yedoensis grown in 46 prefectures in Japan were investigated. All the P. yedoensis individuals investigated showed the completely same banding pattern, indicating their clonal origin from a single plant. On the other hand, each of P. lannesiana and P. pendula individuals investigated showed a unique banding pattern, suggesting a considerable amount of genetic variation in these two species. About 90% of bands in DNA fingerprints of P. yedoensis were detected in either P. lannesiana or P. pendula. This result supports the hypothesis that P. yedoensis is an interspecific hybrid between P. lannesiana and P. pendula. From those results, it is concluded that P. yedoensis was produced only once through hybridization between P. lannesiana and P. pendula, and that this particular hybrid plant has been spread vegetatively all over Japan.