gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of, Faces of Power: Imperial Portraiture on Roman Coins (2007)

The book under review, Faces of Power: Imperial Portraiture on Roman Coins, is a slim catalogue designed to accompany an exhibit of the same name held at the Nicholson Museum in Sydney, Australia between April and September 2007. Overall the catalogue is enjoyable to read and would be an asset to anyone wishing to gain a quick overview of the Roman Empire through its coinage. It could also be adopted as a supplementary text or resource for a survey course of Roman history as a way of integrating material and literary evidence.
Use of Genotype MTBDR Assay for Molecular Detection of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Clinical Strains Isolated in Italy (2006)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is associated with a high case fatality rate. Rapid identification of resistant strains is crucial for the early administration of appropriate therapy, for prevention of development of further resistance, and to curtail the spread of MDR strains. The Genotype MTBDR (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) is a reverse hybridization line probe assay designed for the rapid detection of rpoB and katG gene mutations in clinical isolates. The ability of this technique to correctly identify resistant and MDR-TB strains was tested on 206 isolates from the Italian drug resistance surveillance system. This panel included the majority of MDR strains isolated in Italy in the past 3 years. The results of the test were compared to conventional drug susceptibility test performed on isolated strains and verified by sequencing the regions of interest of the bacterial genome. The rate of concordance between the results of the MTBDR and those obtained with "in vitro" sensitivity was 91.5% (130 of 142) for rifampin and 67.1% (116 of 173) for isoniazid. We also applied this test directly to a panel of 36 clinical specimens collected from patients with active TB. The MTBDR correctly identified the two cases of MDR-TB included in the panel. These results show that the MTBDR test is useful in the detection and management of tuberculosis when MDR disease is suspected.
Recent Technological Advancements in the Treatment of Enuresis (1984)

Antienuretic devices sold commercially symbolize the progression in technological improvements from historical to modem treatment approaches. Underlying these advancements are theoretical changes in operant psychology, through whose applications the science in psychophysiology has become prominent. This article traces the treatment of enuresis through its early developmental stages, identifying psychophysiology as a cognitive problem, to modem inventions of mechanical devices and the shifts in operant paradigms to accommodate them. Implications for criteria in selecting effective antienuretic devices are also reviewed, as are problems engendered with the competitive market.
Combination Therapy With Hormone Replacement and Alendronate for Prevention of Bone Loss in Elderly Women (2003)

Combination therapy with hormone replacement and alendronate was efficacious and well tolerated in this cohort. Alendronate was superior to hormone replacement, and combination therapy was superior to either therapy alone. Combination therapy may represent an option for women with more severe disease or for those who have failed to achieve an adequate response to monotherapy.
Sound‐induced stabilization of breathing and moving (2015)

In humans and other animals, the locomotor and respiratory systems are coupled together through mechanical, neurophysiological, and informational interactions. At a macroscopic observer–environment level, these three types of interactions produce locomotor–respiratory coupling (LRC), whose dynamics are evaluated in this paper. A formal analysis of LRC is presented, exploiting tools from synchronization theories and nonlinear dynamics. The results of two recent studies, in which participants were instructed to cycle or exhale at a natural frequency or in synchrony with an external rhythmic sound, are discussed. The metronome was either absent or present (study 1) and close to or far from the natural frequency of the cycling and breathing systems (study 2). The results evidenced a stabilization of cycling, breathing, and LRC when sound was present compared to when it was absent. A decrease in oxygen consumption was also observed, accompanying the increase in sound‐induced LRC stabilization. These results obtained with a simple rhythmic metronome beat have consequences for exercising while listening to music; the consequences are further explored here.
Parenteral Administration of Recombinant Human Neuregulin-1 to Patients with Stable Chronic Heart Failure Produces Favourable Acute and Chronic Haemodynamic Responses (2010)

rhNRG-1 appears to produce favourable acute and chronic haemodynamic effects in patients with stable CHF on optimal medical therapy. Randomized controlled trials of rhNRG-1 in cardiac disease are thus warranted. Clinical Trial Registration Information The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12607000330448.
Avoiding probabilistic reasoning fallacies in legal practice using Bayesian networks (2011)

2 Probabilistic fallacies, such as the prosecutor fallacy, have been widely documented, yet these fallacies continue to occur in legal practice. This paper considers how best to avoid them, drawing on our experience as expert witnesses/advisors in recent trials. Although most fallacies are easily avoided by applying Bayes &apos; Theorem, attempts to explain this to lawyers using the standard mathematical formulas seem doomed to failure. For simple arguments it is possible to explain common fallacies using purely visual presentation alternatives to the Bayes formulas (such as event probability trees) in ways that are fully understandable to lay people. However, as the evidence (and dependence between different evidence) becomes more complex, these visual approaches become infeasible. We show how Bayesian networks can be used to address the more complex arguments in such a way that it is not necessary to expose the underlying complex Bayesian computations. We demonstrate this new approach in explaining well known fallacies and a new fallacy that arose in a recent major murder trial. We also address the barriers to more widespread take-up of these methods within the legal profession, including the need to ‘believe ’ the correctness of Bayesian calculations and the common reluctance to consider subjective prior probabilities.
An analysis of redundancy management algorithms for asynchronous fault tolerant control systems (1987)

Redundancy management algorithms, commonly referred to as voters, are algorithms used in fault-tolerant control systems to vote on incoming redundant data, isolate bad signals, and output a single good value. In a synchronous environment, this algorithm is a straightforward signal-to-signal comparison with relatively low complexity. The technology of asynchronous control systems, recently realized in the Ultrareliable Fault Tolerant Control System research program at NASA Ames Research Center, requires more complex algorithms for fault detection and signal selection. A variety of algorithms used for this process, a means of testing them, and their basic performance under a simulated environment of the ultrareliable fault-tolerant control system are presented.
MODIFIED FLUORIMETRIC FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS (FIA) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF (1-3) (1-4)-B-D-GLUCAN (1987)

A simple system has been constructed for the quantitative determination of barley β-glucans. Measurements were made by the flow-injection-analysis (FIA) technique using the fluorescent dye Calcofluor as a specific reagent for (1·3) (1·4)–B—D—linkages. In this paper a single-line system is described involving only one pump samples of β-glucan being directly injected into the reagent stream. The reaction results in an increased intensity of fluorescence detected by a flow-through-cell fluorimeter and evaluated as peak heights or peak areas by a printer-plotter. The analysis is completed within 20s. The operational parameters were set during an optimization procedure.
Towards quantifying visual similarity of domain names for combating typosquatting abuse (2016)

Typosquatting becomes a speculative and serious phenomenon for both Internet users and brand owners of popular websites. Typosquatters register similar domain names of popular websites to profit from displaying advertisements, redirecting traffic to third-party pages, deploying phishing sites, or serving malware. Thus, much work have been done on measuring typosquatting in distribution, monetization and cost etc. This paper does not measure typosquatting, but tries to combat typosquatting abuse from the abnormal detection view: a domain that looks very much like one popular website is suspicious. We propose TypoPegging, a reverse lookup approach to quickly and accurately get the most similar popular website for a given domain. Specifically, we propose a novel quantitative method to measure the visual similarity of two given domains. The proposed method is based on generalized Levenshtein distance that takes insights of our novel visual characteristics. Then we give an efficient method to search the maximum visual similarity of a domain over a given popular website set. We accelerate the searching process based on the triangle inequality of our visual distance metric and the locality sensitive hashing algorithm. Preliminary results show that our work is effective in differentiating typosquatting domain names from normal ones. We can also speedup the searching process in orders of magnitude comparing with the linear searching method.
$^{67}Ga$ Scan of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Correlation with Angiography (1989)

The relationship between angiographic findings and those of scan was evaluated in 30 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by either pathological examination or laboratory, radiologic findings. Twenty-three cases revealed hot activities on scan and definite tumor stains on angiography. Main findings of scans of 7 cases were isoactivity in 5 and cold area in 2, 5 of which revealed faint or no tumor stain on angiography. Cold areas within the primary hepatocellular carcinoma were noted in 9 cases by scan. In 6 cases these were due to tumor necrosis. Remaining 3 cases had arterioportal shunt, portal vein thrombosis and one had necrosis as well. These results indicate that gallium uptake of primary hepatocellular carcinoma seems to be relatively correlated with tumor stains on angiography. It is well known that the necrotic portion of primary hepatocellular carcinoma does not uptake gallium and it's the main cause of cold areas on scan. And we suspect that the hemodynamic changes of primary hepatocellular carcinoma such as large arterioportal shunt, portal vein thromosis may cause the decreased activity on scan.
Performance Characteristics of the Thin-Film, Etched-Circuit Rectenna (2005)

Measurement of DC power output, temperature rise of the rectifying diode as measured with the fluoroptic temperature probe, and efficiency have been made on the thin-film, etched-circuit rectenna foreplane as a function of incident microwave power and velocity of laminar air flow parallel to rectenna. When the rectenna is illuminated with 2.45 GHz microwave power, DC power output densities of 1 kw/M/sup 2/ and DC power to weight ratios of kw/kg have been obtained with air velocity of 10 ft/sec at sea level density and diode temperature rise of 100°C.
A Bayesian approach to robust adaptive beamforming (2000)

An adaptive beamformer that is robust to uncertainty in source direction-of-arrival (DOA) is derived using a Bayesian approach. The DOA is assumed to be a discrete random variable with a known a priori probability density function (PDF) that reflects the level of uncertainty in the source DOA. The resulting beamformer is a weighted sum of minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformers pointed at a set of candidate DOAs, where the relative contribution of each MVDR beamformer is determined from the a posteriori PDF of the DOA conditioned on previously observed data. A simple approximation to the a posteriori PDF results in a straightforward implementation. Performance of the approximate Bayesian beamformer is compared with linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformers and data-driven approaches that attempt to estimate signal characteristics or the steering vector from the data.
The Ubiquity of Small-World Networks (2011)

Small-world networks, according to Watts and Strogatz, are a class of networks that are "highly clustered, like regular lattices, yet have small characteristic path lengths, like random graphs." These characteristics result in networks with unique properties of regional specialization with efficient information transfer. Social networks are intuitive examples of this organization, in which cliques or clusters of friends being interconnected but each person is really only five or six people away from anyone else. Although this qualitative definition has prevailed in network science theory, in application, the standard quantitative application is to compare path length (a surrogate measure of distributed processing) and clustering (a surrogate measure of regional specialization) to an equivalent random network. It is demonstrated here that comparing network clustering to that of a random network can result in aberrant findings and that networks once thought to exhibit small-world properties may not. We propose a new small-world metric, ω (omega), which compares network clustering to an equivalent lattice network and path length to a random network, as Watts and Strogatz originally described. Example networks are presented that would be interpreted as small-world when clustering is compared to a random network but are not small-world according to ω. These findings have important implications in network science because small-world networks have unique topological properties, and it is critical to accurately distinguish them from networks without simultaneous high clustering and short path length.
MeltDB: a software platform for the analysis and integration of metabolomics experiment data (2008)

The system is publicly available at http://meltdb.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de.
Megadose steroids in severe head injury (1983)

A prospective double-blind clinical trial was performed on 161 patients to determine the effectiveness of high-dose steroid therapy in patients admitted comatose after a non-missile-related head injury. Patients were randomized into a high-dose dexamethasone phosphate group and a placebo group. The initial dose of 100 mg of dexamethasone was administered within 6 hours of the accident. For statistical analysis, a sequential test was chosen, using survival at 1 month as a basic criterion of effectiveness. No significant difference was found in the 1-month survival rate or in the distribution of outcome after 6 months, either within the group as a whole, or in subgroups with varying severity of brain damage on admission. The authors conclude that dexamethasone in high doses has no statistically significant effect on morbidity or mortality in head-injured patients who are comatose on admission.
NMR multiple echoes observed in solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1979)

A large number of echoes-called multiple echoes-following two isolated NMR radio-frequency pulses separated by a time $\ensuremath{\tau}$, have been observed in bcc $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. A quantitative theory of this phenomenon is given, taking into account the nonlinear effect of the nuclear demagnetizing field in the equation of motion of the magnetization. In a magnetic-field gradient $G$, just before the second pulse at time $\ensuremath{\tau}$, the nuclear-spin transverse magnetization has a helical configuration of pitch $\ensuremath{\gamma}G\ensuremath{\tau}={k}_{0}$, which is converted by the second radio-frequency pulse into a sinusoidal modulation of the magnetization along the magnetic field gradient. The corresponding sinusoidal demagnetizing field modulates spatially the NMR resonance frequency so that the transverse magnetization is a superposition of helical configurations with pitch $p{k}_{0}$ (multiple of ${k}_{0}$), yielding multiple echoes at times $p\ensuremath{\tau}$. A detailed comparison with the experimental results obtained at high temperatures ($300 \mathrm{mK}<T<1 \mathrm{K}$) and low temperatures ($1<T<20$ mK), leads to a satisfactory agreement with the experiments. The main practical application of the multiple-echo study is to provide a method of measurement of the absolute value of the nuclear-spin susceptibility without knowing the shape or the number of spins of the sample. The transverse relaxation time ${T}_{2}$ and the diffusion coefficient $D$ are also obtained with this analysis. When applied to the low-temperature measurements, the multiple-echo analysis has pointed out, for the first time, the increase of the magnetic susceptibility of solid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ in the paramagnetic phase near the ordering temperature ${T}_{c}$, while in contrast the relaxation times ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$ and the diffusion coefficient $D$ do not change appreciably, even just above ${T}_{c}$.
A tunable bandwidth 6th-order active low-pass filter in 0.18 um CMOS technology (2020)

In this paper, a tunable bandwidth 6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order active Butterworth low-pass filter has been designed in 0.18 um UMC CMOS technology. The topology consists of three second- order filters designed by using the Sallen-Key topology. The standard two-stage operation amplifier with Miller compensation capacitor is utilized as an operation amplifier stage in 2nd-order Butterworth low-pass filter. The cutoff frequency (3dB bandwidth) can be adjusted from 22 kHz to 52 kHz with a step value of 10 kHz by using a programmable capacitor bank. The post-layout simulation results show that for each cutoff frequency value, the designed tunable low-pass filter has a maximum passband attenuation of 11.53 mdB and a minimum stopband attenuation of 50 dB. The power consumption of designed active filter is 2.24 mW for a 1.8 V power supply. It achieves an in-band integrated input-referred noise of 130.502 uVrms and occupies active area of 0.65 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Evaluation of brain targeting efficiency of intranasal microemulsion containing olanzapine: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic consideration (2014)

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate olanzapine (OZP) -loaded microemulsions (OZPME) for intranasal delivery in the treatment of schizophrenia. The OZPME was formulated by the spontaneous microemulsification method and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Pharmacodynamic assessments (apomorphine - induced compulsive behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity) were performed using mice. All formulations were radiolabeled with technetium-99 ((99m)Tc), and biodistribution of drug in the brain was investigated using Swiss albino rats. Brain scintigraphy imaging in rabbits was performed to determine the uptake of the OZP into the brain. OZPME were found clear and stable with average globule size of 23.87 ± 1.07 nm. In pharmacodynamic assessments, significant (p < 0.05) difference in parameters estimated were found between the treated and control groups. (99m)Tc-labeled OZP solution (OZPS)/OZPME/OZP mucoadhesive microemulsion (OZPMME) were found to be stable and suitable for in vivo studies. Brain/blood ratio at all sampling points up to 8 h following intranasal administration of OZPMME compared to intravenous OZPME was found to be five to six times higher signifying larger extent of distribution of the OZP in brain. Drug targeting efficiency and direct drug transport were found to be highest for intranasal OZPMME, compared to intravenous OZPME. Furthermore, rabbit brain scintigraphy also demonstrated higher intranasal uptake of the OZP into the brain. This investigation demonstrates a prompt and larger extent of transport of OZP into the brain through intranasal OZPMME, which may prove beneficial for treatment of schizophrenia.
Loyal Opposition - Process Diversity and a Computing Old Wives'/Husbands' Tale. (2000)

An alternative approach, such as antivirulence therapy that modulates the production of bacterial toxins or virulence factors, is necessary to tackle the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Here, we investigated the potential antivirulence effects of seven Kampo medicines (Jumihaidokuto, Eppikajutsuto, Jizusoippo, Shomakakkonto, Sammotsuogonto, Hainosankyuto and Inchinkoto) against exfoliative toxin (ET)-positive Staphylococcus aureus, which is the major causative agent of impetigo. A growth inhibition assay showed that all of the selected Kampo medicines inhibited the growth of S. aureus at 1/5 (2.5 mg/mL) or less of the conventionally used concentrations. Among these, Jizusoippo and Inchinkoto (0.25-1 mg/mL) suppressed the production of ET without inhibiting the bacterial growth. Furthermore, Jizusoippo and Inchinkoto significantly suppressed the expression of ET genes in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings strongly suggest, for the first time, that Kampo medicines, especially Jizusoippo and Inchinkoto, have the potential to serve as antivirulence agents against skin infections caused by S. aureus by suppressing the production of ET.
Matched miRNA and mRNA signatures from a hESC-based <i>in vitro</i> model of pancreatic differentiation reveal novel regulatory interactions (2013)

The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to insulin-expressing beta islet-like cells is a promising in vitro model system for studying the molecular signaling pathways underlying beta cell differentiation, as well as a potential source of cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate many biological processes, including cellular differentiation. We studied the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of hPSCs at five stages of in vitro differentiation along the pancreatic beta cell lineage (definitive endoderm, primitive gut tube, posterior foregut, pancreatic progenitor and hormone-expressing endocrine cells) in the context of samples of primary human fetal pancreas and purified adult islet cells using microarray analysis. Bioinformatic analysis of the resulting data identified a unique miRNA signature in differentiated beta islet cells, and predicted the effects of key miRNAs on mRNA expression. Many of the predicted miRNA-mRNA interactions involved mRNAs known to play key roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and pancreatic differentiation. We validated a subset of the predictions using qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assays and western blotting, including the known interaction between miR-200 and ZEB2 (involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and the novel interaction between miR-200 and SOX17 (a key transcription factor in specification of definitive endoderm). In addition, we found that miR-30d and let-7e, two miRNAs induced during differentiation, regulated the expression of RFX6, a transcription factor that directs pancreatic islet formation. These findings suggest that precise control of target mRNA expression by miRNAs ensures proper lineage specification during pancreatic development.