gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Starvation-response may not involve Atg1-dependent autophagy induction in non-unikont parasites (2014)

Autophagy, the lysosome-mediated self-degradation process, is implicated in survival during starvation in yeast, Dictyostelium and animals. In these eukaryotic taxa (collectively called Unikonts), autophagy is induced primarily through the Atg1/ULK1 complex in response to nutrient depletion. Autophagy has also been well-studied in non-unikont parasites, such as Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, and found important in their life-cycle transitions. However, how autophagy is induced in non-unikonts remains largely unrevealed. Using a bioinformatics approach, we examined the presence of Atg1 and of its complex in the genomes of 40 non-unikonts. We found that these genomes do not encode typical Atg1 proteins: BLAST and HMMER queries matched only with the kinase domain of Atg1, while other segments responsible for regulation and protein-binding were missing. Non-unikonts also lacked other components of the Atg1-inducing complex. Orthologs of an alternative autophagy inducer, Atg6 were found only in the half of the species, indicating that the other half may possess other inducing mechanisms. As key autophagy genes have differential expression patterns during life-cycle, we raise the possibility that autophagy in these protists is induced mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Understanding Atg1-independent autophagy induction mechanisms in these parasites may lead to novel pharmacological interventions, not affecting human Atg1-dependent autophagy.
AQFTTYPEDESIGNOFANIDLESPEEDCONTROL FORAV-6FUELINJECTEDENGINE (2007)

Presented isadesign ofanidle speed control system fora V-6fuel injected engine. Thecontroller synthesis isbased on afrequency domain design methodology thatparallels QFT.In particular, thesynthesis isaimed atmaximizing thesize ofan external disturbance while preserving strict timedomain constraints imposed onthesystem output, internal states andcontrol efforts, withbandwidth limitations placed ontheactuators. Theengine model represents aV-6fuel injected engine linearized about idle operating conditions at800rev/min, includes transportation lags andhasitscontrol efforts limited bythephysical hardware. Thedesign objective istosynthesize acontroller(s) that maintains theidle speed within aprespecified percentage of thenominal inthepresence ofatorque disturbance representative ofanautomotive airconditioning compressor. I.INTRODUCTION Motivated bytheresults ofQFT[Horowitz, 1963], anew SISOdesign methodology wasintroduced [Jayasuriya, Franchek, 1988]. Incontrast toQFT,this technique maximizes thesize of astepdisturbance while satisfying theconstraints onthesystemoutput, internal states, control efforts andthebandwidth limitations imposed bytheactuators ofthesystem. These constraints areimbedded inasetoftarget transfer functions which arefrequency domain equivalents oftheupper bounds imposed in thetime domain. These target transfer functions along withthe relevant closed loop transfer functions provide upperandlower bounds onthenominal loop transfer function amplitude. These bounds arerepresented onaNichols chart toexploit bothgain andphase information. Inthis paper, weconsider theidle speed control ofaV-6 fuel injected engine subjected toanexternal step torque disturbance. Wetransform thedesign objective toaproblem ofcontroller synthesis formaximizing thesize ofastep disturbance while satisfying hardtimedomain constraints. Since there are twopossible control inputs andonemeasurement, wehavet freedom tochoose either oneortwocontrol loops. Theloc loop bandwidth ofeachcontrol loop islimited anddifferent yet bothloops aresubjected tothesamesensor noise. Thedesign iscompared toanHZ:solution ofthesameproblem.
Histoid Lepromas of Lepromatous Leprosy (1990)

Histoid lepromas are a rare eruption in patients with lepromatous leprosy. A 59-year-old man from India with lepromatous leprosy who developed histoid lepromas and who was dapsone resistant was studied. These tumors resembled cutaneous metastases. This Indian man is to our knowledge the first patient to be reported with this rare disorder in the continental United States.
[Influencing of acetylation and corticosterone biosynthesis through long-term pantothenic acid deficiency in rats]. (1975)

The effect of different dietary intake of pantothenic acid (150;100;25 and 0% of the requirement) on the metabolism of rats was studied during 15 months. The ability of the adrenals for synthesis of corticosterone and the rate of acetylation of a sulfonamid (Sulfisomidin) were taken as parameters. The above mentioned parameters were influenced significantly already after two weeks and a pantothenic acid free diet containing the antagonist omega-methyl-pantothenic acid. With a 25% supply of pantothenic acid and without omega-methyl-pantothenic acid it lasted half a year until significant alterations of acetylation could be demonstrated. The synthetic ability of the adrenals for corticosteroids was significantly increased after a year in the 25% group. After the end of the study, this hyperfunctional state was followed by hypofunction, resulting in a significantly reduced ability of synthesis of the glands. Studies of this type were conducted to obrain basic informations for later experiments in human beings.
Genetic Basis of Cancer of the Kidney (2004)

Studies during the past two decades have shown that kidney cancer is not a single disease; it is made up of a number of different types of cancer that occur in this organ. Clear cell renal carcinoma is characterized by mutation of the VHL gene. The VHL gene product forms a heterotrimeric complex with elongin C, elongin B, and Cul-2 to target hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2alpha for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. VHL-/- clear cell renal carcinoma overexpresses epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor alpha. Both hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and the epidermal growth factor receptor are potential therapeutic targets in clear cell renal carcinoma. Studies of the hereditary form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (HPRC) determined that the c-Met proto-oncogene on chromosome 7 is the gene for HPRC and for a number of sporadic papillary RCCs. The HPRC c-Met mutations are activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the gene. The gene for a new form of hereditary RCC (Birt Hogg Dubé syndrome) associated with cutaneous tumors, lung cysts, and colon polyps or cancer has recently been identified. Studies are currently under way to determine what type of gene BHD is and how damage to this gene leads to kidney cancer. Individuals affected with hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma are at risk for the development of cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), and type 2 papillary RCC. The HLRC gene has been found to be the Krebs cycle enzyme, fumarate hydratase. Studies are under way to understand the downstream pathway of this cancer gene.
Optimising Multi-Field Developments Under Uncertainty (1998)

Abstract Subsurface staff have tried to include uncertainties in their predictions for some years (e.g. Smith, Hendry and Crowther1). Unfortunately, these are not normally carried through to the development design because of the time required to engineer all the possible solutions. This paper describes a systematic process for incorporating the uncertainty, using the optimisation tool described by MacGowan and Goodwin2. In this method, optimum facilities are designed for several hundred reservoir configurations. These can be analysed to show which of the sub-surface uncertainties are responsible for major changes to the development. In turn, this information can be used to shape any proposed appraisal programme. The sub-surface representation adopted by MacGowan and Goodwin is described in more detail. It is shown that the representation produces profiles which are in excellent agreement with profiles generated through full simulation. Given the level of reserve uncertainties, it should be possible to derive an adequate sub-surface representation for any other reservoir process, not just depletion of dry gas. These ideas have been applied to the proposed District 3 development in the Algerian Sahara. The results have influenced the exploration and appraisal programme. In addition, they have provided tremendous insight into how uncertainty will affect the development.
Doppler Systems Applied to Area Navigation (1972)

General aviation is faced with the problem of traffic congestion. The present navigational methods are based on the use of VOR/DME/TACAN ground facilities resulting in routes directly to and from the ground stations. Toward relieving the problem, a logical method is the utilization of airspace or corridors removed from and essentially parallel to the VOR/DME ground facilities. These corridors would be defined and maintained relative to the VOR/DME ground structure. The method described is termed Area Navigation. Systems that satisfy the requirements of R-NAV typically navigate relative to way points within the corridor. The intent of this paper is to show why and how Doppler navigation equipment is suited to the requirements of R-NAV. The discussion points out the advantages of self-contained Doppler navigation systems such as versatility of routes, continuous velocity vector data for controlled arrival time, and accuracy with little or no need to update. A description is given of an R-NAV system comprised of a particular Doppler velocity sensor with optional navigational computer sets. The presentation of specific equipment relates real, operational hardware to the area navigation problem.
Structure of solaphyllidine, a novel 4-ketosteroidal alkaloid (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of solaphyllidine, a novel 4-ketosteroidal alkaloidAlfredo Usubillaga, Carl Seelkopf, Isabella L. Karle, John W. Daly, and B. WitkopCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 3, 700–701Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00706a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00706a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND OTHER METALS BY ACIDIC AND NEUTRAL ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS (1958)

reagents are summarized and their positions in a new solvent extraction technology are discussed. In contrast to the familiar tributyl phosphate (TBP), the applications of which have been lioited to highly salted nitrate solutions, several other neutral and acidic or organophosphorus compounds have demonstrated the ability to extract uranium from a wide variety of aqueous solutions. Some of these reagents have reached and phosphate liquors. More generally, by proper choice of reagent it is now possible to extract uranium from nearly any solution in which it is encountered. In extraction of other metals, including vanadium, thorium, zirconium, hafnium, titanium, molybdenum, rare earths, and plutonium, and for separations of closely related elementss, including zirconium-hafnium, lanthanides, and actinides. Besides process applications, these physicochemical appliocations, some of which have already been developed. In additon to the comparisons of different reagent types, correlations with other properties and the effects of variation of structure within a reagent type are also discussed. These include both general and specific effects on extraction power, selectivity, and physical behavior, which are of sufficient magnitude to add significantly to the versatility of this wide range of solvent extraction reagents. (auth)
The elaboration of a new family of helicopter blade profiles (1981)

An airfoil family of helicopter rotor blades was designed. Three airfoils with thickness to chord ratios of 12, 9, and 7% were designed. Their improved performance in two dimensional rotor mockup wind tunnel tests led to testing of the tapered blades on four bladed rotors in a wind tunnel and flight tests on the Dauphin series of helicopters, confirming the expected gains.
Building Better Blocks: Transforming Detroit's CDBG Subrecipient System (2011)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110955/1/buildingbetterblocks.pdf
Polybutadiene (2000)

Abstract The discovery of rubbery elastomers based on 1,3‐butadiene and its derivatives was made in 1926. I. G. Farben developed a process to use sodium polymerization on a commercial scale. The resulting polymer, Buna, made from butadiene and natrium, was tested in passenger car tires, and the results were fairly encouraging since it showed equivalent wear properties to natural rubber compounds. The work on emusion polymerization of butadiene and copolymerization of butadiene and styrene or acrylonitrile began in the 1920s in the United States under the government established Rubber Reserve program. Under this program, Gr‐s and SBR became general‐purpose rubbers even though their tire properties were inferior to natural rubber compounds. Great improvements were made in the emulsion polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene, especially with the discovery of chain‐transfer agents used for molecular weight control. Nevertheless, the search for a natural rubber replacement continued in many research laboratories worldwide especially in the United States.
Altimeter‐derived variability of surface velocities in the California Current System: 1. Evaluation of TOPEX altimeter velocity resolution (1997)

In this paper, we evaluate the temporal and horizontal resolution of geostrophic surface velocities calculated from TOPEX satellite altimeter heights. Moored velocities (from vector‐averaging current meters and an acoustic Doppler current profiler) at depths below the Ekman layer are used to estimate the temporal evolution and accuracy of altimeter geostrophic surface velocities at a point. Surface temperature gradients from satellite fields are used to determine the altimeter's horizontal resolution of features in the velocity field. The results indicate that the altimeter resolves horizontal scales of 50–80 km in the along‐track direction. The rms differences between the altimeter and current meters are 7–8 cm s −1 , much of which comes from small‐scale variability in the oceanic currents. We estimate the error in the altimeter velocities to have an rms magnitude of 3–5 cm s −1 or less. Uncertainties in the eddy momentum fluxes at crossovers are more difficult to evaluate and may be affected by aliasing of fluctuations with frequencies higher than the altimeter's Nyquist frequency of 0.05 cycles d −1 , as indicated by spectra from subsampled current meter data. The eddy statistics that are in best agreement are the velocity variances, eddy kinetic energy and the major axis of the variance ellipses. Spatial averaging of the current meter velocities produces greater agreement with all altimeter statistics and increases our confidence that the altimeter's momentum fluxes and the orientation of its variance ellipses (the statistics differing the most with single moorings) represent well the statistics of spatially averaged currents (scales of 50–100 km) in the ocean. Besides evaluating altimeter performance, the study reveals several properties of the circulation in the California Current System: (1) velocity components are not isotropic but are polarized, strongly so at some locations, (2) there are instances of strong and persistent small‐scale variability in the velocity, and (3) the energetic region of the California Current is isolated and surrounded by a region of lower energy starting 500–700 km offshore. This suggests that the source of the high eddy energy within 500 km of the coast is the seasonal jet that develops each spring and moves offshore to the central region of the California Current, rather than a deep‐ocean eddy field approaching the coast from farther offshore.
What is the Future of Diabetic Wound Care? (2006)

With diabetes affecting 5% to 10% of the US population, development of a more effective treatment for chronic diabetic wounds is imperative. Clinically, the current treatment in topical wound management includes debridement, topical antibiotics, and a state-of-the-art topical dressing. State-of-the-art dressings are a multi-layer system that can include a collagen cellulose substrate, neonatal foreskin fibroblasts, growth factor containing cream, and a silicone sheet covering for moisture control. Wound healing time can be up to 20 weeks. The future of diabetic wound healing lies in the development of more effective artificial "smart" matrix skin substitutes. This review article will highlight the need for novel smart matrix therapies. These smart matrices will release a multitude of growth factors, cytokines, and bioactive peptide fragments in a temporally and spatially specific, event-driven manner. This timed and focal release of cytokines, enzymes, and pharmacological agents should promote optimal tissue regeneration and repair of full-thickness wounds. Development of these kinds of therapies will require multidisciplinary translational research teams. This review article outlines how current advances in proteomics and genomics can be incorporated into a multidisciplinary translational research approach for developing novel smart matrix dressings for ulcer treatment. With the recognition that the research approach will require both time and money, the best treatment approach is the prevention of diabetic ulcers through better foot care, education, and glycemic control.
Identification of hexaploid wheat cultivars based on isozyme patterns (1982)

Abstract The classification and identification of 38 wheat cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. and one cultivar of Triticum spelta L. have been carried out using polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis. The analyses were carried out using different parts of dry kernels, specifically embryo plus scutellum, endosperm and 15‐day‐old seedling leaves. The isozymic systems studied were: peroxidases, malic dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase in dry kernels; α‐amylases in germinating kernel endosperms and phospho‐glucose mutase and isomerase, esterases, leucin‐aminopeptidase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, malic dehydrogenase and peroxidases in 15‐day‐old seedling leaves. Not all the cultivars could be identified. One group had three cultivars, five groups had two cultivars, and 26 groups had only one cultivar. The classification obtained using the isozymic patterns and the similarity indexes did not show a clear relation to the ancestor‐descendant relationships among related cultivars.
Passive Intermodulation Due to Self-Heating in Printed Transmission Lines (2010)

This paper proposes a mechanism by which third-order intermodulation distortion, due to self-heating, is generated in transmission lines. This work shows how transmission lines made of several materials, whose properties are independent of the electric and magnetic fields, can generate important levels of intermodulation distortion. A circuit model supported by finite-element simulations is presented to account for the temperature generation and also for its impact on the nonlinear performance. Closed-form expressions are used to calculate the generated intermodulation products and are derived from the circuit model and compared with simulations. Finally, measurements and simulations of different transmission lines are presented, showing very good agreement.
Synthesen in der Carotinoid‐Reihe 21. Mitteilung. Synthese von 2,2′‐Diketo‐spirilloxanthin (P 518) und 2,2′‐Diketo‐bacterioruberin (1966)

Abstract 2 , 2 ′‐Diketospirilloxanthin and 2,2 ′‐diketobacterioruberin have been prepared via the corresponding 15,15′‐dehydro compounds by condensation of 15,15′‐dehydroapo‐4,4′‐carotenedial (C 30 ) with 3‐methoxy‐(resp. 3‐hydroxy)‐3‐methyl‐ 2 ‐butanone. 2,2 ′‐Diketospirilloxanthin was identical with natural P 518.
Beamforming for Phased Array Antennas by Optical Means (1986)

Phased array beamforming requires the adjustment of both amplitude taper (primarily for side-lobe level control) and phase taper (for main beam coverage control) across a given antenna aperture. Such tapering is generally implemented by employing phase shifters and attenuators (or amplifiers) behind the individual radiating elements. Recently developed photosensitive microwave PIN diodes have opened up the possibility of realizing such circuits which can be controlled by optical rather than by electrical means. The implications of optical signalling (by fiberoptics) include reduced weight (as compared to copper conductors) and immunity from EMI/EMP effects, both of which are priority items in air- and spaceborne applications. The new microwave PIN diodes are applied in the analysis and design of beamform control circuits for phased array antennas. The diodes are characterized and applied in the design of an optically controlled reflective phase shifter.
[Vesicoenteric fistula complicating Crohn's disease, responded to medical treatment: a case report]. (1992)

A 20-year-old man was admitted on February 2, 1990 with the chief complaint of pollakisuria, miction pain and macrohematuria. Urinalysis revealed numerous leukocytes and Enterobacter was identified by urine culture. Cystoscopy revealed an edematous region. Contrast film of small intestines demonstrated vesicoileal fistula. Judging from these and the radiographic findings, we made the diagnosis of vesicoileal fistula with Crohn's disease. After medical therapy between February 22 and May 25, urinalysis became normal and we assumed that the fistula had closed. Now, it is about a year since the therapy began, the patient remains well, without urinary and enteric symptoms. Cystoscopy and urinalysis did not reveal recurrence of the fistula. Despite previous reports that vesicoenteric fistulas complicating Crohn's disease require surgical treatment, this case responded to medication, and required no surgical treatment. This case is a reminder of the importance of the principle of therapy.
α-DNA VII. Solid phase synthesis of α-anomeric oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1988)

An efficient procedure for the synthesis of unnatural α-anomeric oligodeoxyribonucleotides is described. This solid-phase procedure is based on the use of α-nucleoside phosphoramidites and α-nucleoside derivatized solid supports corresponding to the four natural bases and allow rapid synthesis of oligonucleotides up to 20 α-deoxynucleotide units in length. After HPLC purification, a 15-mer: α-d(CCTCTCGTTCTTTAC) and a 20-mer α-d(ATACTTGAGGAAGAGGTGTT) were obtained respectively in 27 and 29% overall yields. Their purity, nucleoside composition and primary structure were ascertained by HPLC and Maxam-Gilbert sequence analyses.