gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deuterium Retention of Carbon Dust. (II). Effect of Crystal Structure and Form. (2001)

Deuterium retention of carbon dust was investigated by two methods, i.e. one is deuterium gas absorption and the other is deuterium ion irradiation. After the gas absorption, retained deuterium desorbed in forms of D2 and HD. Saturated amount of retained deuterium due to the gas absorption at 100 Pa was approximately 10-3 in the atomic ratio D/C, when the temperature range was from 973 K to 1173 K. This amount was 10 or 100 larger than that of powdered graphite or bulk graphite, respectively. However, trapping energy of deuterium in the carbon dust was 0.22 eV, almost the same as that of the graphite. After the deuterium ion irradiation to the carbon dust, the retained deuterium desorbed in forms of D2, HD, CD4 and C2D4. The amount of retained deuterium due to the deuterium ion irradiation was 0.55 in the atomic ratio D/C, almost same as the graphite.
A Broadcast Approach To Secret Key Generation Over Slow Fading Channels (2011)

A secret-key generation scheme based on a layered broadcasting strategy is introduced for slow-fading channels. In the model considered, Alice wants to share a key with Bob while keeping the key secret from Eve, who is a passive eavesdropper. Both Alice-Bob and Alice-Eve channels are assumed to undergo slow fading, and perfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be known only at the receivers during the transmission. In each fading slot, Alice broadcasts a continuum of coded layers and, hence, allows Bob to decode at the rate corresponding to the fading state (unknown to Alice). The index of a reliably decoded layer is sent back from Bob to Alice via a public and error-free channel and used to generate a common secret key. In this paper, the achievable secrecy key rate is first derived for a given power distribution over coded layers. The optimal power distribution is then characterized. It is shown that layered broadcast coding can increase the secrecy key rate significantly compared to single-level coding.
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia in Two Patients Double Heterozygotes for Pyruvate Kinase and Another RBC Glycolitic Pathway Deficiency. (2006)

Abstract Homozygous or compound heterozygous for Pyruvate Kinase (PK) deficiency are classical etiology for chronic non spherocytic hemolytic anemias while heterozygous carriers are free from disease. We report here 2 patients heterozygous for PK deficiency which displayed an unexpected marked chronic anemia. Enzymatic and molecular studies were performed to unravel the mechanism causing this phenotype. The first patient, a 60-year-old woman from Mali presented with Hb 10g/dL, MCV 98fL, and was free from any Hb abnormality. The second one was the first child of a healthy French Caucasian couple, and suffered since birth from a marked hemolytic anemia (Hb 7g/dL). We found that the first patient carried together an Arg569Met/Leu PK-R mutation (Pissard et al. Brit J Haematol, 2006, 133, 683-9) and the rare G6PD Santa Maria mutation (nt c.542 A>T, Asp181Val). The second patient had a PK splice site mutation (IVS4 + 10 G>T) and a new hexokinase mutation [c.1793_c.1836 +7(del 50)] which starts in exon 12 and ends in intron 12. It results in a protein troncated inside the glucose binding site. In this case, family study showed that the PK deficiency was inherited from the father and the HK deficiency from the mother. Enzymatic data are shown in the table. None of these enzymatic defects could alone, in the heterozygous state, be responsible for an hemolytic anemia. To explain why, in these two cases the combination of two defects resulted in a hemolytic disease, we hypothesized that the increase of the intra-erythrocytic 2,3-DPG level resulting from the PK-R deficiency might cause these disorders. It is well known that increase of the 2,3-DPG level dramatically change several properties of the RBCs such as a decrease in oxygen affinity and an inhibition of the G6PD activity (Tomoda A. Brit J Haematol, 1983, 54, 475 – 84). It has been shown that, when associated to a sickle cell trait, PK-R deficiency by increasing 2,3-DPG leads to sickle cell anemia (Cohen.Solal M. et al, Brit J Haematol, 1998, 103, 950-6). We propose that, in these two patients, the global mechanism leading to the disease results from the increased 2,3-DPG which cause a failure in the anti oxidant pathway. In the first case G6PD inhibition occurs along with a mutated enzyme and in the second one inhibition take place in a under supplied pentose phosphate pathway due to the hexokinase deficiency. Together with the diminished ATP supply of the cell, this decreased anti-oxidant activity might cause the hemolysis. Thus in any anemic heterozygous PK deficient patient, another RBC abnormality needs to be searched for. enzymatic data patients Pk activity (5.9–8.1) g6pd activity (5.3–7.9) hexokinase activity (0.74–1.14) 2.3 DPG (11.7–15.3) nd : not determined 1 3.2 UI/g Hb 4.5 UI/g Hb nd 21.2 μM /g Hb 2 6.8 UI /g Hb 9.2 UI /g Hb 0.3 UI / g Hb 36.8 μM /g Hb
Carburants liquides - Caractéristiques et principes généraux (2011)

Le monde des carburants est en train de vivre une profonde mutation : de composé énergétique banalisé et pris comme une « boîte noire », il est passé au grade de composé technologique à part entière dans la problématique du transport. Le dossier carburants qui est proposé est articulé en trois parti
Communicating Synergism in Drug Combination Studies (2011)

Isobolograms are used to identify synergistic effects of drugs given in combination. However, the traditional isobologram provides only a qualitative determination of synergism. The present report describes two procedures for quantifying the synergistic actions of drugs based on isobolographic plots. The point at which the derivative of the isobolar curve equals negative one provided an estimate of the optimal dose ratio and the axis intercept of the tangent to the curve at this point provided an estimate of the extent of expected dose synergism. The degree of effect potentiation was expressed by calculating the ratio of the observed to that expected if the drugs were simply additive in their effects. These procedures provide two direct, although non-statistical, means to communicate synergism in drug combination studies.
Diamagnetic effect produced by the Fluxus‐1 and ‐2 artificial plasma jet (1999)

The purpose of the Fluxus‐1 and ‐2 active experiments is to study plasma jets injected parallel to the magnetic field and to study the interaction of these jets with the magnetic field. The experiments were conducted using a shaped‐charge device, known as an explosive type generator (ETG), that produced an artificial aluminum plasma jet. In Fluxus‐1 and ‐2 the jet was injected nearly parallel to the geomagnetic field at an altitude of 140 km toward an instrumented diagnostic payload located about 100 m away from the ETG. A ∼50% reduction in the magnetic field was observed as the plasma jet passed by the diagnostic payload. Comparisons of 3‐dimensional simulation results with the observed magnetic field perturbations suggest that the Fluxus‐1 plasma jet was ∼30° from the magnetic field direction while the Fluxus‐2 plasma jet was directed nearly parallel to the magnetic field.
The Anatomic Location of the Dorsal Ramus of the Cervical Nerve and Its Relation to the Superior Articular Process of the Lateral Mass (1998)

The dorsal ramus of the cervical spinal nerve is closer to the anterolateral corner of the base of the superior articular processes. Lateral mass screws directed to the anterolateral corner of the base of the superior articular process should be avoided.
Bubble rap (2008)

In this paper we seek to improve our understanding of human mobility in terms of social structures, and to use these structures in the design of forwarding algorithms for Pocket Switched Networks (PSNs). Taking human mobility traces from the real world, we discover that human interaction is heterogeneous both in terms of hubs (popular individuals) and groups or communities. We propose a social based forwarding algorithm, BUBBLE, which is shown empirically to improve the forwarding efficiency significantly compared to oblivious forwarding schemes and to PROPHET algorithm. We also show how this algorithm can be implemented in a distributed way, which demonstrates that it is applicable in the decentralised environment of PSNs.
Sigje, a member of the small inducible gene family that includes platelet factor 4 and melanoma growth stimulatory activity, is on mouse Chromosome 11 (1989)

Stiles and coworkers originally identified a gene they termed JE that is transcriptionally activated in mouse fibroblasts early after treatment with platelet derived growth factor or serum. This gene, now named Sigje, can encode a 148-amino acid secreted, basic polypeptide that belongs to the small inducible gene (SIG) family whose members include, for example, platelet factor 4, melanoma growth stimulatory activity (Mgsa), and interferon inducible protein 10. SIG family members share a conserved array of cysteine and proline residues and a similar predicted secondary structure, and may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. Several members of the SIG family have been assigned to the proximal long arm of human chromosome 4, to a region that has genetic homoeology with a portion of mouse Chromosome 5. We report here that mouse Sigje, in contrast to Mgsa, is on Chromosome 11. Sigje restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Mus spretus DNA were identified with the enzymes TaqI, MspI, BclI, and XbaI, and will be useful in mapping by meiotic recombination.
A Direction Sensing Technique of a Reference Point by Using Cross-Hair Diffraction Beam (1991)

We describe a technique for measuring the direction of a reference point easily and accurately. In the method, cross-hair diffraction beam, corner cube and an XYscanner driven by piezo stacks are used. The accuracy for angular detection was about 10p rad.
Immunohistochemical study of mucin carbohydrates and core proteins in hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma (1993)

The expression of mucin carbohydrates [Tn, sialosyl-Tn(STn), and T antigens] and core proteins [MUCI-apomucin-related antigen (ARA) and MUC2-ARA] was examined immunohistochemically in tissues from 40 patients with hepatolithiasis and 26 patients with intrahepatic bile-duct carcinoma. Tn and STn antigens were expressed in most of the carcinomas, and were also often expressed in the atypical bile-duct epithelium of the patients with hepatolithiasis or carcinoma, whereas they were rarely or never expressed in the normal bile duct, suggesting that they are effective tumor markers. T antigen was less useful as a marker for intrahepatic bile-duct carcinoma or the atypical epithelium, because it was expressed in normal bile-duct of some cases. Regarding the expression of ARAs in the carcinomas, non-invasive bile-duct cyst adenocarcinomas with favorable prognosis either expressed no MUCI-ARA with [DF3(-), MUSEII(-) and 139H2(-)] staining pattern or expressed MUCI-ARA with [DF3(-), MUSEII(+) and 139H2(+)] staining pattern. However these tumors often expressed MUC2-ARA with [anti-MRP(+) and CCP58(+)] staining pattern. In contrast, most invasive non-papillary cholangiocarcinomas with poor prognosis expressed MUCI-ARA with [DF3(+), MUSEII(+) and 139H2(+)] staining pattern, but expressed no MUC2-ARA with [anti-MRP(-) and CCP58(-)] staining pattern. These results suggests that different apomucins are produced by bile-duct cystadenocarcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas with differing prognosis. Furthermore, expression of Tn and STn antigens is a useful indicator of malignancy in the intrahepatic duct.
Performance study of a generalized subspace-based method for scattered sources (2002)

Signal array processing appears today as a good means to improve the wireless network, as it could permit a better estimation of the propagation channel parameters. Now, this paper focuses on high resolution bearing estimation, when scatterers local to the emitter engender diffuse paths deteriorating the performances of conventional algorithms. S. Valaee and B. Champagne (see IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol.43, no.9, p.2144-53, 1995) introduced a subspace-based algorithm for the characterization of so-called scattered sources. This article extends this previous work and studies the performance of the algorithm in the case of two extreme propagation conditions. The theoretical variances and the Cramer Rao bounds are derived and compared to the Monte Carlo simulations in the case of a Gaussian shape of the angular power density.
Thermal Charging Rate of Composite Wax-Expanded Graphite Phase Change Materials (2021)

Phase change materials (PCMs) are valuable for their ability to store heat nearly isothermally around their phase transition temperature. PCMs are at the core of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems, which provide the ability to buffer high thermal loads or decouple the time when heating or cooling is needed from when it is produced. Thermal charging and discharging of LHTES systems often employ a constant temperature source, and the rate at which heat can be exchanged is dependent on the thermophysical properties of the PCM. For graphite composite PCMs, the high thermal conductivity of the graphite enables an increased heat transfer rate through the material, but its presence displaces PCM which reduces the effective volumetric latent heat of the composite relative to the pure PCM. This results in a tradeoff between thermal power and volumetric energy storage capacity. The thermal charging rate is the average thermal energy stored in the material for some elapsed time. In this study, composite PCMs of compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) and n-Octadecane are studied. Samples with varying CENG mass fractions were synthesized and the thermal charging rate was measured under a constant temperature boundary condition. For evaluation of the expanded graphite-PCM composite, one boundary of the material was exposed to a 50°C constant temperature plate, above the 27.5°C melting temperature of the PCM. The melting front progression [mm-s-1] and the thermal charging rate [W-cm-2] of the PCM were determined, and the results were compared with analytical predictions for the 1-D semi-infinite phase change. For CENG addition up to 5.75% mass fraction, a 450% thermal conductivity increase was observed with a 5% decrease in volumetric energy density as compared to pure octadecane. The average thermal charging rate was increased by over 430% for the melt to penetrate a depth of 22 mm. The experimental results matched analytical predictions, indicating that higher CENG fractions can be evaluated using analytical approaches.
State-of-the-Art Office-Based Interventions to Eliminate Youth Tobacco Use: The Past Decade (2015)

Tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure are among the most important preventable causes of premature disease, disability, and death and therefore constitute a major pediatric health concern. The pediatric primary care setting offers excellent opportunities to prevent tobacco use in youth and to deliver cessation-related treatment to youth and parents who use tobacco. This report updates a "state-of-the-art" article published a decade ago on office-based interventions to address these issues. Since then there has been marked progress in understanding the nature, onset, and trajectories of tobacco use and nicotine addiction in youth with implications for clinical practice. In addition, clinicians need to remain abreast of emerging nicotine delivery systems, such as electronic cigarettes, that may influence uptake or continuation of smoking. Although evidence-based practice guidelines for treating nicotine addiction in youth are not yet available, research continues to build the evidence base toward that goal. In the interim, practical guidelines are available to assist clinicians in addressing nicotine addiction in the pediatric clinical setting. This article reports current practices in addressing tobacco in pediatric primary care settings. It reviews our increasing understanding of youth nicotine addiction, summarizes research efforts on intervention in the past decade and additional research needed going forward, and provides practical guidelines for pediatric health care providers to integrate tobacco use prevention and treatment into their clinical practice. Pediatric providers can and should play an important role in addressing tobacco use and dependence, both in the youth they care for and in parents who use tobacco.
Epithelial-derived TGF-β2 modulates basal and wound-healing subepithelial matrix homeostasis (2006)

The epithelium influences the mesenchyme during dynamic processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Since transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) modulates these processes, we hypothesized that epithelial-derived TGF-beta also plays a critical role in maintaining the extracellular matrix at basal conditions. We utilized an in vitro model of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit in the human airways to determine the role of epithelial-derived TGF-beta in modulating the extracellular matrix under basal and wound-healing conditions. When differentiated at an air-liquid interface, the human bronchial epithelium produces active TGF-beta2 at a concentration of 50-70 pg/ml, whereas TGF-beta1 is undetectable. TGF-beta2 increases two- to threefold following scrape injury in a dose-dependent fashion and significantly enhances both alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in the underlying collagen-embedded fibroblasts and secretion of tenascin-C into the matrix. Multiphoton microscopy demonstrates substantially enhanced second harmonic generation from fibrillar collagen in the matrix. Pretreatment of the matrix with either sirolimus (2.5 nM) or paclitaxel (10 nM) abolishes the increases in both TGF-beta2 and second harmonic generation in response to epithelial injury. In the absence of the epithelium, exogenous active TGF-beta2 (0-400 pg/ml) produces a biphasic response in the second harmonic signal with a minimum occurring at the epithelial-derived basal level. We conclude that epithelial-derived TGF-beta2 is secreted in response to injury, significantly alters the bulk optical properties of the extracellular matrix, and its tight regulation may be required for normal collagen homeostasis.
A sub 1 /spl Omega/ load-pull quarter-wave pre-matching network based on a two-tier TRL calibration (1998)

Transistors used for cellular and PCS infrastructure applications are required to amplify signals with a peak-average ratio that can exceed 13 dB, resulting in a PEP approaching 1 kW. This PEP requirement is a consequence of simultaneous amplification of multiple digitally modulated carriers with a time-varying envelope, and requires a load resistance in the neighborhood of 0.3 /spl Omega/. Present load-pull technology, based on mechanical tuners, is limited to approximately 1 /spl Omega/ at cellular and PCS frequencies, which render these systems incapable of characterizing transistors under these conditions. Previously, many researchers have developed quarter-wave pre-matching networks to transform the source- and load-pull domains to a lower impedance. To characterize these quarter-wave networks, a variety of techniques have been used, including analytical characterization, full-wave characterization, and standard VNA error correction characterization. This paper presents a further refinement of the third approach, which is based on a two-tier calibration using 7 mm and micro-strip TRL calibrations. The accuracy of each tier is quantified by employing offset-short and delay standards to extract the source- and load-match error response. It is shown that from 0.85 GHz to 3.0 GHz forward and reverse source- and load-match are better than -45 dB and -52 dB, respectively. In conjunction with a Maury automated load-pull system, using MT981B tuners, an impedance of 0.10 /spl Omega/ at 1900 MHz is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Patellamide A (I), a Cytotoxic Cyclic Peptide from the Ascidian Lissoclinum patella (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feasibility study into the identification of landmines using UWB radar: an analysis using synthesized data (2002)

The goal of this research is to detect and identify buried land mines (LM). The technique being investigated is the use of ultra-wideband (100 MHz to 3 GHz) ground penetrating radar (UWB/GPR). The first step is to gain an understanding of the scattered signal received from the use of such a system. A major point of interest is: which electromagnetic scattering features and signal processing techniques can be used in the detection/identification process? Possible candidates of scattering features are late-time resonances and diffusion poles, whereas signal processing techniques are synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, correlation and/or E-pulse receivers. It is important to have good detection and identification algorithms, which work well in the ideal situation, before one can deal with the practical situation, in which there will be uncertainty in various physical parameters such as: the local electrical characteristics of the ground, the local heterogeneity of the ground (rocks, layers, tree and plant roots), surface roughness of the ground and covering foliage, position (depth and orientation) of the LM, and relative position of the radar with respect to the ground and the LM. Thus, in this work, we investigate the post-processing of impulse type radar signals, where the signals are synthesized, for relatively ideal situations, using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique.
combined effect of complexation and pH on solubilization (1998)

Both pH control and complexation are widely used as solubilization techniques in drug formulation studies. Although these two techniques are often utilized in combination, few theoretical studies have shown why the combined approach would work better than either one alone. This study constructs a background in which both the pH effect and complexation constants are used to explain the synergism between these techniques. The total solubility is determined by the addition of the concentrations of the four components present in the solution: free un-ionized drug [Du], free ionized drug [Di], un-ionized drug complex [DuL], and ionized drug complex [DiL]. A detailed description of [Di] and [DiL] reveals that the complexation constants and the pH at which the drug may ionize are both critical. The weakly basic drug flavopiridol is used as a test compound to examine the validity of the equation. Although the complexation constant for ionized flavopiridol (Ki = 124 M(-1)) is less than one-third of that of the un-ionized species (Ku = 445 M(-1)), the solubility of the ionized drug complex [DiL] is 6-fold greater than that of the un-ionized drug complex [DuL]. This unexpected result is due to the 25-fold greater solubility of the ionized drug [Di] at pH 4.3 over that of the free un-ionized species [Du] at pH 8.4. The results of this and other complexation studies of several drugs taken from the literature lend the support to the following: If [Di]/[Du] >Ku/Ki, then [DiL] >[DuL].
Beliefs About Medications as a Predictor of Treatment Adherence in Women with Urinary Incontinence (2012)

Women with UUI who believe that medicines in general are overused are less likely to fill their prescriptions for anticholinergic medications.
Fiber to the Tap: Pushing Coaxial Cable Networks to Their Limits (2019)

We explore the potential of a future cable access technology that pushes the capacity of coaxial cable networks to its limit. We show that it is possible to achieve symmetric data rates of multiple tens of gigabit per second using the same coaxial drop cables in use today to connect households to the cable network, and discuss its feasibility and deployment characteristics.