gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Myosin Is a Substrate for Zipper-interacting Protein Kinase (ZIPK) (2009)

Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) is a member of the death-associated protein kinase family associated with apoptosis in nonmuscle cells where it phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) to promote membrane blebbing. ZIPK mRNA and protein are abundant in heart tissue and isolated ventricular neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. An unbiased substrate search performed with purified ZIPK on heart homogenates led to the discovery of a prominent 20-kDa protein substrate identified as RLC of ventricular myosin. Biochemical analyses showed ZIPK phosphorylated cardiac RLC at Ser-15 with a V(max) value 2-fold greater than the value for smooth/nonmuscle RLC; cardiac RLC is a favorable biochemical substrate. Knockdown of ZIPK in cardiac myocytes by small interfering RNA significantly decreased the extent of RLC Ser-15 phosphorylation. Thus, ZIPK may act as a cardiac RLC kinase and thereby affect contractility.
Increased Neuronal Endocytosis and Protease Delivery to Early Endosomes in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease: Neuropathologic Evidence for a Mechanism of Increased β-Amyloidogenesis (1997)

The early endosome is the first vacuolar compartment along the endocytic pathway. It is the site of internalization and initial processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE), two proteins of etiological importance in Alzheimer's disease, and a putative site of -amyloid peptide (A) formation. Here, we identify early endosomes in human pyramidal neurons, using specific compartmental markers and morphometry, and show that in Alzheimer's disease individual endosomes display up to 32-fold larger volumes than the normal average. Endosomal enlargement contributed to an average 2.5-fold larger total endosomal volume per neuron, implying a marked increase in endocytic activity. Endosomal alterations were evident in most pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer brain, detectable at early stages of the disease but absent in several other neurodegenerative disorders examined. In addition, ma-ture and proenzyme forms of the proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin D, a candidate APP secretase, were identified in most early endosomes in Alzheimer brains but were detectable in only a minor proportion of endosomes in normal brain. Expression of the cation-dependent 46 kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor was elevated in pyramidal neurons of Alzheimer brains, which could be a possible basis for the altered cathepsin trafficking pattern. Enhanced endocytic activity, coupled with increased trafficking to endosomes of proteases, which may have the ability under pathological conditions to generate A, constitutes a potential mechanism by which -amyloidogenesis may become accelerated in sporadic AD and also be subject to influences by ApoE.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLIERUNG AROMATISCHER KOHLENWASSERSTOFFE MIT OLEFINEN IN GEGENWART VON ALUMINIUMORGANISCHEN UND KOMPLEXKATALYSATOREN (1972)

Abstract Es wird die Alkylierung von Benzol, Toluol und Chlorbenzol mit Propylen in Gegenwart von Al‐organischen und Komplexkatalysatoren studiert.
Vlasov simulations of trapping and inhomogeneity in Raman scattering (2005)

We study stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in laser-fusion conditions with the Eulerian Vlasov code ELVIS. Back SRS from homogeneous plasmas occurs in subpicosecond bursts and far exceeds linear theory. Forward SRS and re-scatter of back SRS are also observed. The plasma wave frequency downshifts from the linear dispersion curve, and the electron distribution shows flattening. This is consistent with trapping and reduces the Landau damping. There is some acoustic (ω ∝ k) activity and possibly electron acoustic scatter. Kinetic ions do not affect SRS for early times but suppress it later on. SRS from inhomogeneous plasmas exhibits a kinetic enhancement for long density scale lengths. More scattering results when the pump propagates to higher as opposed to lower density. 1
Aerosol loaded toroidal vortices for enhanced ocular drug delivery (2015)

Over that last few decades there has been an increase in the creation of new medicinal agents to treat various ophthalmic diseases, from small molecule drugs to highly targeted biologics. While these advances in drug discovery have enabled a new wave of therapies, many problems regarding their accurate, reproducible and safe administration still remain. The standard vehicle for topical ocular drug delivery is the eye drop, and despite its popularity, there are some significant limitations to their use. It is estimated that in many cases less than 5% of the active reaches the target tissues. While the remainder of the dose is either spilled out onto surrounding tissue or it is rapidly drained through the lacrimal ducts where it can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Current drug delivery technologies have focused on improving bioavailability and patient compliance, and it is expected that further improvements can be made in these areas by incorporating the use of precision drug loaded aerosol vortices. Within the framework of this dissertation, two main aspects of a novel ophthalmic aerosol drug delivery device were investigated; the mechanical features that dictate the dose delivery, and the formulation aspects that control the characteristics of the aerosols that are being delivered. In early studies, investigations into the mechanism of the dose deposition were explored in order to gain knowledge into predicting the performance and to tune the delivery of a wide range of therapeutic concentrations. In later studies, after the device and dosing characteristics where established, studies were conducted on different formulation strategies in order to incorporate active pharmaceutical ingredients that would otherwise have unfavorable physicochemical characteristics for incorporation into an aqueous based system. These studies included the use of solubilizing agents and their effect on the characteristics of the aerosol generated from the device, as well as a novel particle engineering technology that could be utilized to incorporate the use of nanoparticles or colloidal particulates into the device or for other uses. The use of these formulation techniques thereby increases scope of therapeutic agents that can be incorporated for use in the device, further improving its therapeutic potential.
Differentiation of lipid-associating helices by use of three-dimensional molecular hydrophobicity potential calculations (1991)

Several types of lipid-associating helices exist: transmembrane helices such as in receptor proteins, pore-forming helices in ion channel proteins, fusion-inducing peptides in viral proteins, and amphipathic helices such as in plasma apolipoproteins. In order to propose a classification of these helices according to their molecular properties, we introduce the concept of molecular hydrophobicity potential for such helical segments. The calculation of this parameter for alpha-helices enables the visualization of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic envelopes around the peptide and their three-dimensional representation by molecular graphics. We have used this parameter to differentiate between pore-forming helices with a hydrophobic envelope larger than the hydrophilic component, membrane-spanning helices surrounded almost entirely by an hydrophobic envelope, fusiogenic peptides with an hydrophobicity gradient both around the helix and along the axis, and finally, amphipathic helices with a predominantly hydrophilic envelope. The structure of the lipid-protein complexes is determined by a number of different interactions: the hydrophobic interaction of the apolar faces of the helices with lipids, the polar interaction of the hydrophilic sides of different helices with each other, and the interaction of hydrophilic residues with the aqueous solvent. The relative magnitude of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic envelopes accounts for the differences in the structure of the lipid-protein complexes. Purely hydrophobic interactions stabilize transmembrane helical segments, while hydrophobic interactions with the lipid phase and with each other are involved in the stabilization of the pore-forming helices. In contrast, both hydrophobic interactions with the lipids and hydrophilic interactions with the aqueous phase contribute to the arrangement of amphipathic helices around the edges of the discoidal lipid-apoprotein complexes.
Self-discovery and orientation of a randomly distributed cognitive beamforming array (2014)

This paper introduces the MARCO POLO Algorithm (MPA) that uses wireless discovery and control signals from a Master Control Node (MCN) with a cognitive engine to learn the relative location and orientation of a randomly distributed set of array elements. The elements are then synchronized and instructed to apply appropriate magnitude and phase offsets to collectively radiate as an array with beamforming capability. Unlike conventional discovery algorithms, MARCO POLO does not assume any a priori information about the array elements, does not rely on reference beacons, and works without GPS. With this algorithm, sensor nodes can be placed around the periphery of a complex enclosure, such as a vehicle, aircraft, or building and then self-organize into a distributed array with no wired connectivity.
Complejos de rodio e iridio con un ligando pinza POP: reacciones de borilación (2015)

Estos estudios revelan diferencias de comportamiento entre los fragmentos {xant(PiPr2)2}M de rodio e iridio, debido al mayor caracter reductor del iridio y su preferencia por formar compuestos saturados. Asi, en el caso del iridio se aislan complejos saturados d6 octaedricos, mientras que con rodio se obtienen los derivados insaturados d8 plano-cuadrados y d6 pentacoordinados. La rigidez y robustez proporcionada por la fosfina y la hemilabilidad del atomo de oxigeno permite estabilizar una gran variedad de compuestos insaturados con el fragmento {xant(PiPr2)2}Rh, siendo el complejo de rodio RhH{xant(PiPr3)2} el de mayor relevancia, ya que a partir de este derivado monohidruro hemos desarrollado un procedimiento sencillo para la sintesis de derivados plano-cuadrado insaturados de rodio(I) con ligandos sililo y borilo. Este complejo monohidruro promueve la activacion C-H de arenos. Los productos de activacion C-H dependen de los sustituyentes del areno. Los grupos metilo mantienen alejado al fragmento metalico, mientras que los sustituyentes fluor lo acercan. Por lo tanto, la selectividad observada sugiere que la activacion C-H esta controlada termodinamicamente. La activacion B-H de boranos y C-H de arenos promovida por el complejo monohidruro hace posible la borilacion estequiometrica y catalitica de arenos. El estudio etapa por etapa de la reaccion, permite aislar y caracterizar los intermedios clave del proceso. El compuesto cationico insaturado d6 pentacoordinado [RhH{Si(OH)Ph2}{xant(PiPr2)2}]+ se forma como resultado de la adicion de un enlace O-H del agua al doble enlace Rh-Si de un intermedio silileno. De este modo, este derivado cationico actua como precursor de un catalizador muy eficiente para la monoalcoholisis selectiva de difenilsilano Durante el estudio experimental el mecanismo de la reaccion de borilacion por descianacion mediada por rodio hemos aislado los intermedios implicados, siendo uno de ellos una especie plano-cuadrada ?1-iminoacilo N-boril sustituida de rodio(I) sin precedentes en la bibliografia.
The Initiation Complexes of the Classical and Lectin Pathways (2006)

Various antigen structures initiate the classical and the lectin pathways of complement activation. Multidomain modular proteases (C1r, C1s and MASPs) are involved in the initiation complexes of both pathways. Despite the identical domain organization of these serine proteases there are differences in their specificities and functions. A comparative analysis is given on the similarities and differences of the mechanism of action of these proteases, with emphasize on structural aspects. Recent structural and functional data underline the significance of molecular dynamics in the activation process of both C1 and MBL/MASPs. While the role of MASP-2 in the lectin pathway is supported by increasing number of evidence, the same can not be said about MASP-1 and MASP-3. The role of the initiation complexes in pathological processes such as inflammation and subsequent repair processes, apoptosis, susceptibility to infectious diseases etc. is also reviewed. C1 inhibitor is essential in regulating both pathways. This serpin interacts with several serine proteases including C1r, C1s and MASPs. C1 inhibitor deficiency related diseases, and C1 inhibitor as a therapeutic agent is also discussed.
Dehydrobromination of methyl 11α-bromo-12-oxopodocarpan-19-oate (1969)

The configuration and stereochemistry of methyl 11α-bromo-12-oxopodocarpan-19-oate 1 have been determined by application of the nuclear Overhauser effect. The dehydrobromination of 1 with dimethylacetamide–calcium carbonate results in a predominant 1,4-elimination process which for short reaction periods yields the non-conjugated ketone 8 and for long reaction periods yields the conjugated ketone 2. The 1,2-elimination of hydrogen bromide is a minor process and takes place to the extent of 20–22%. The ketone 8 has been oxidatively cleaved to the keto-acid 11, a valuable intermediate for the synthesis of bicyclic diterpenoids.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching Patients Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin to Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL: The TRANSITION 2 Study (2019)

EudraCT number 2015-002416-33.
EGFR and C-Kit immunostaining in advanced or recurrent thymic epithelial neoplasms staged according to the WHO: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (2004)

9637
Design for testability of gated-clock FSMs (1996)

Gated clocks allow significant power savings in synchronous systems, but are generally considered an unsafe design practice because they decrease testability. In this paper we present two methodologies that guarantee full single-stuck-at testability for gated-clock finite-state machines. The first technique, increased observability, can be used in conjunction with redundancy-removal techniques to obtain fully-testable gated clock FSMs with high performance. The second technique, increased observability and controllability, is applicable to large FSMs for which redundancy removal is not possible and produces fully-testable gated-clock FSMs with a moderate decrease in performance.
Rumensin for the lactating dairy cow (1987)

Two Holstein cows were fed Rumensin for 12 weeks, beginning approximately 90 days postpartum. Milk production increased 7%, whereas percentage fat in milk decreased 10.3%. Percentage protein in milk increased 9.6% in the early stages and decreased 10.2% in the late stages of the study. Daily fat yield did not change, whereas protein yield increased in the early stages, but did not change in later stages. Fat corrected milk (FCM) did not change with treatment, but dry matter intake (DMI) tended to increase when Rumensin was fed. Acetate concentration did not change whereas propionate concentration increased, causing a significant decrease in ruminal acetate:propionate ratio. Rumen pH showed a nonsignificant numerical increase.; Dairy Day, 1987, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1987;
The demographic history and mutational load of African hunter-gatherers and farmers (2017)

Abstract The distribution of deleterious genetic variation across human populations is a key issue in evolutionary biology and medical genetics. However, the impact of different modes of subsistence on recent changes in population size, patterns of gene flow, and deleterious mutational load remains unclear. Here, we report high-coverage exome sequencing data from various populations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers from central Africa. We find that the recent demographic histories of hunter-gatherers and farmers differed considerably, with population collapses for hunter-gatherers and expansions for farmers, accompanied by increased gene flow. We show that purifying selection against deleterious alleles is of similar efficiency across African populations, in contrast with Europeans where we detect weaker purifying selection. Furthermore, the per-individual mutation load of rainforest hunter-gatherers is similar to that of farmers, under both additive and recessive models. Our results indicate that differences in the cultural practices and demographic regimes of African populations have not resulted in large differences in mutational burden, and highlight the beneficial role of gene flow in reshaping the distribution of deleterious genetic variation across human populations.
A novel W/WNx/dual-gate CMOS technology for future high-speed DRAM having enhanced retention time and reliability (2004)

This work describes a new DRAM cell technology, W/WNx/P/sup +/-gate NMOS memory cell (MC) transistors, which has been integrated into a dual-gate CMOS process. Operation speed, data retention time (t/sub REF/), and reliability of high speed DRAMs are dramatically improved by the P/sup +/-gate NMOS cell, having a low-resistance polymetal word line (WL). Transistor performance in the periphery circuit is enhanced by dual-gate CMOSFETs formed with a low temperature process. These technologies offer excellent scalability and fully operating DDR-II SDRAM test chips have been obtained.
A probe for local flow field visualization (2002)

A probe for the interactive visualization of flow fields is presented. The probe can be used to visualize many characteristics of the flow in detail for a small region in the data set. The velocity and the local change of velocity (the velocity gradient tensor) are visualized by a set of geometric primitives. To this end, the velocity gradient tensor is transformed to a local coordinate frame, and decomposed into components parallel with and perpendicular to the flow. These components are visualized as geometric objects with an intuitively meaningful interpretation. An implementation is presented which shows that this probe is a useful tool for flow visualization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computational concepts for periodic optical waveguides: application to coupled photonic crystal microcavities (2008)

International audience
Final Progress Report on ONR Grant N00014-90-J-1691 (University of North Texas, Denton. Department of Physics) (1994)

Because of the high sensitivities and small sample size capabilities, an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) system has been constructed at the Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory (IBMAL) at the University of North Texas. The AMS system, which has been developed through a collaboration with Texas Instruments Inc., the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research has been applied to trace element analysis of stable isotopes in electronic materials. The terminal charge stripping inherent with tandem accelerator operation allows molecular interferences to be removed. The interferences of molecules that have approximately the same mass as the element of interest (e.g. (28Si)2 and 56Fe) are one of the primary limits to high sensitivities for SIMS. Because AMS has increased sensitivities over SIMS for some elements by factors of 100 to 1000 due to the removal of molecular interferences, AMS is sometimes called 'Super-SIMS'. The unique capabilities of AMS allow new and more sensitive methods for the characterization of trace impurities in electronic materials.
MPEG-4 tools and applications: an overview (2003)

In this paper we present an overview of the software tools currently available for the creation and display of MPEG-4 content. We first describe tools for encoding raw video into MPEG-4 compliant bitstreams. We then describe how this content may be used to create a complete MPEG-4 scene containing both graphical and interactive elements in addition to the more usual video and audio elements. Clearly, MPEG-4 content cannot be viewed without appropriate decoders and players and these are addressed in the third section of this paper. Finally, we demonstrate how these tools may be combined together to create MPEG-4 applications by presenting the details of two sample applications we have developed.
Current status of immunological therapies for prostate cancer (2010)

Although Sipuleucel-T may receive FDA approval for patients with metastatic CRPC, challenges remain in identifying immunotherapy strategies that overcome immune tolerance, especially when disease burden is substantial. An emerging paradigm focuses on using immunotherapy together with checkpoint antagonists or in combination with conventional therapies in patients with early-stage disease. Such approaches are likely to yield optimal results, but must carefully be explored in well designed phase II studies before moving forward.
Utilisation of grain‐oriented electrical steel in permanent magnet fractional‐slot modular machines (2019)

The performance improvement of using grain‐oriented electrical steels (GOES) in the stator of PM fractional‐slot modular machines is analysed in this study. Several models using a finite element tool are examined and it is concluded the techniques used in the actual software are not accurate for simulating anisotropic behaviour. Consequently, a simplified yet accurate modelling technique is proposed to simulate the performance of this type of electrical machines equipped with GOES. The advantages as well as the drawbacks of using GOES on the electromagnetic performance are investigated for different pole/slot combinations. It is concluded that the use of GOES is beneficial from an electromagnetic point of view mainly due to an increase on the radial component of the airgap flux density.
Une solitude collective ? Observations sur le capital social dans un jeu vidéo multi-joueurs : World of Warcraft (2006)

Les jeux vidéos multi-joueurs attirent maintenant des millions de participants, mais peu de données sont disponibles pour évaluer leurs impacts sociaux et comportementaux. Il est clair que ces jeux diffèrent de leurs prédécesseurs par leur dimension collaborative: une grande partie des activités proposées dans ces environnements virtuels encourage les joueurs à former des groupes et coopérer pour progresser. Cependant la nature et la structure de ces relations sociales, fondées sur la base d’un univers virtuel et ludique, reste mystérieuse. Dans cet article, nous explorons le rôle d’un jeu vidéo multi-joueur extrêmement populaire, World of Warcraft (WoW), dans la formation et la maintenance de capital social entre ses participants. Nos analyses sont basées sur des données collectées directement sur plusieurs serveurs grâce à des robots automatisés, qui nous ont permis d’observer les activités d’environ 130,000 personnages au cours de quatre mois. Nous résultats sont organisés autour de trois thèmes: 1) Temps de jeu et dépendance; 2) Relations sociales spontanées au sein de « groupes d’aventure » ; 3) Relations sociales au sein des « guildes » (associations de joueurs de plus longue durée). Sur ces bases, nous proposons que WoW joue un rôle social important en permettant une forme de solitude collective- un espace où les joueurs évoluent essentiellement seuls mais toujours entourés par un environnement social diffus qui leur donne la permission, mais non l’obligation, de participer a la vie sociale de leur communauté.