gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STRAIN DECONCENTRATION IN THIN FILMS PATTERNED WITH CIRCULAR HOLES (2009)

It is well known that a circular hole in a blanket thin film causes strain concentration near the hole edge when the thin film is under tension. The increased strain level can be as high as three times of the applied tension. Interestingly, we show that, by suitably patterning an array of circular holes in a thin film, the resulting strain in the patterned film can be decreased to only a fraction of the applied tension, even at the hole edges. The strain deconcentration in the film originates from the following deformation mechanism: while initially planar, the film patterned with circular holes elongates by deflecting out of plane, so that a large tension induces only small strains. Using finite element simulations, we investigate the effects of geometric parameters (i.e., hole size, spacing, and pattern) and loading direction on the resulting strain in patterned thin films under tension. The large deformability of the patterned film is independent of materials and length scale, and thus sheds light on a potential architecture concept for flexible electronics.
Alignment of liquid crystals on polyimide films exposed to ultraviolet light (1998)

The influence of unpolarized and linearly polarized UV exposure on previously rubbed as well untreated thin polyimide (PI) alignment layers was studied. Optical retardation and surface morphology measurements were carried out to understand the nature of surface modification as a function of the polarization and the exposure time of the UV light under different surface conditions. The exposure of the UV light on the PI layer was found to change drastically the morphological anisotropy due to photochemical dissociation. The control of anisotropic surface forces by the linearly polarized UV (LPUV) exposure combined with the rubbing process is important to study the alignment mechanism of liquid crystals on various substrates. A simple model incorporating the effect of the LPUV exposure is presented together with the essential features of the experimental results.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence of the hybrid of <i>Takifugu flavidus</i> (♀) ×  <i>Takifugu rubripes</i> (♂) (2014)

The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of Takifugu flavidus (♀) × Takifugu rubripes (♂) was sequenced and characterized. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,443 bp. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 non-coding regions: origin of light-strand replication (OL) and control region (D-loop). The overall nucleotide composition of the heavy strand is 30.05% A, 25.79% T, 15.07% G and 29.09% C, with an A + T content of 55.84%. Except for ND6 gene and eight tRNA genes, other genes are encoded on the heavy strand. The complete mitogenome of the hybrid of T. flavidus (♀) × T. rubripes (♂) should contribute to further studies on mitochondrial inheritance mechanism.
Modeling ferroelectric capacitors based on the dipole switching theory (2007)

In this paper, we derived a compact model for the description of the P–E hysteresis behavior based on the dipole switching theory. Simulation results show good agreement with the experiment for various hysteresis loops, and the mathematical description can be easily combined with an electronic design automation software for circuit simulation. Therefore, the model can be used for both circuit simulation and providing better intuition for the ferroelectric material behavior.
You May Never See Your Child Again: The Batterer's Visitation Rights To Protect Children From Future Abuse (2005)

The stories depicted in this Article are, unfortunately, common to many victims of domestic violence.Therefore, as a courtesy to my former clients and their counselors, I will only refer to the victims and their abusers by fictitious names.2. See
釋放台灣的社會力：公共領域、資訊取得與知識共享 (2007)

Since 1990, the development of computer technology and the internet has directly affected the structural transformation of public sphere dramatically. The injection of state power, the overall change of privacy sphere and the impact of mass media have brought new dynamics to the social transformation. In this article, we try to explore how this transformation happened around the public sphere, and whether this transformation could be applied to a variety of social contexts. Starting from the fundamental concern, we argued that the dynamics of transformation were generated from the cooperation among public information, advanced technology and various social activities. The technology, knowledge and the connected social networks of the information age could be re-organized to rupture the original framework of traditional society and so did the geographical obstruction. Through the interaction of human beings and ICTs, there is a possibility to reform and rearrange social positions and social roles, all together; it could bring a new foundation for social solidarity. Following the patterns of sociological thoughts, we discussed the association among public sphere, information accessibility, and knowledge sharing in order to understand the agent of transformation and the possibility of transformation. As mentioned above, we contend that knowledge is generated from the society, so it should feedback to the society too. The free accessibility and circulation of public information; mutual communication and knowledge sharing are the critical conditions. It is the decisive mechanism for social transformation of knowledge innovation and value creation. In this article, we also provide some examples related to the real events of creative commons and knowledge sharing, to further specify our theoretical stance.
5-Substituted pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides (1977)

T. K. Bradshaw and D. W. Hutchinson, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1977, 6, 43 DOI: 10.1039/CS9770600043
Point spread function of the general cone‐beam x‐ray reconstruction formula (1992)

Abstract In this paper, the spatially varying point spread function (PSF) of the general cone‐beam x‐ray reconstruction formula is derived. It is proved that the vertical integral of the PSF is a two‐dimensional δ function. Therefore, although the general cone‐beam formula is not exact in nature, the vertical integral of the reconstructed three‐dimensional image is equal to that of the actual image. The band‐limited version of the PSF is also derived. The PSF of the general cone‐beam formula is simulated, based on which the reconstruction resolution can be approximately inferred.
Tumor markers CA 125, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. (1989)

Between 1978-1987, 439 patients with primary cervical carcinoma were admitted to our department. Seventy-seven patients (17.5%) had cervical adenocarcinoma and are reviewed in this retrospective study. Serial serum samples of these 77 patients were analyzed for cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Before treatment, only elevated serum CA 125 levels varied directly with the clinical stage of disease. In stages IB and II disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]), the incidence of elevated serum CA 125 levels was highest in patients with adenosquamous tumor. Serum marker levels, measured 3 months after therapy, concurred with the treatment results. At that time, 17 of the 23 cases (74%) with at least one elevated serum marker level either had residual disease (N = 9) or developed recurrent disease during follow-up (N = 8), compared with six of the 40 cases (15%) with normal serum marker levels (P less than .001). Increasing serum marker levels during follow-up coincided with or preceded the clinical detection of recurrent disease. Tumor relapse, clinically located in the vaginal vault, occurred concomitant with a rise of at least one serum marker level in six of the seven cases (86%). All 15 patients with abdominal recurrence showed elevation of CA 125. In progressive disease, very high serum CA 125, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were determined in patients with adenosquamous tumor, whereas patients with adenocarcinoma demonstrated only high CA 125 levels. We conclude that all three markers are important for monitoring patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.
Maximum Permissible Drillbit Weight from Drillcollars in Inclined (Directional) Boreholes (1976)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract A discussion of the buckling of drill collars and drillpipe in inclined (directional) boreholes is presented for the purpose of selecting maximum drillbit weights from drill collars such that the section of the drillpipe within the drillstring above the drill collars will not be buckled. The theories of A. Lubinski, R. Hoch, and the work of M. Rollins pertinent to drill-collar applications are pertinent to drill-collar applications are reviewed. The mechanics of drill-collar and drillpipe bending and buckling in inclined boreholes and long-standing misconceptions are discussed. A mathematical equation for the analytical calculation of a maximum permissible drillbit weight from drill collars in inclined (directional) boreholes is derived and presented with solved example problems. A convenient nomograph is given. Introduction Drill collars are a major component of the drillstring within the rotary drilling system. They are thick-walled, hollow steel tubes about 30 ft in length with thread connections at either end. A series of drill collars within the drillstring are called a drill-collar string and the common lengths of a string are between 90 and 500 ft. Common wall thicknesses are between 1 and 4 in., which yields linear weights in the range of 20 to 368 lb/ft. The drill-collar string may weigh as much as 100,000 lb. It occupies a position within the drillstring between the drillbit and the drillpipe. Drill collars were introduced in the Seminole oil fields of Oklahoma in the early 1920's for the purpose of maintaining more vertical boreholes. More vertical boreholes give higher assurance that boreholes will remain within lease boundaries, penetrate the correct location within the geologic structure, and reduce interference between wells during drilling and producing operations. For three decades the selection of drill-collar strings with respect to their diameters and lengths was an art given to errors arising from misunderstood concepts and misinterpreted experiences. In 1950, Lubinski published his paper, "A Study of the Buckling of Rotary paper, "A Study of the Buckling of Rotary Drilling Strings," which placed drill-collar string selection into the realm of science. His theory is often called the "pendulum theory", or the "one-stabilizer theory" and contends with the problem of analytically aggregating the following variables pertaining to drill collars and the earth's structure:
About inflammation and infection (2013)

This letter points out the correct definition of inflammation and infection that is important for differential diagnosis. The most common nuclear medicine techniques and interpretation criteria to differentiate inflammation between infection are also briefly mentioned.
Fast scanning of a pulsed terahertz signal using an oscillating optical delay line (2007)

We describe a fast measurement of a pulsed terahertz signal generated by a femtosecond laser and a photoconductive antenna using an oscillating optical delay line. The method to measure the amplitude of the retroreflector in the oscillating optical delay line is proposed and the displacement of the retroreflector is exactly calculated to acquire the optical delay time in the fast scan mode. With the different oscillation frequency and amplitude of the retroreflector, the pulsed terahertz signals are measured and analyzed. The comparison of the temporal waveform and frequency spectrum between the fast scan mode and the slow scan mode shows a good agreement with the decrease in the scanning time from 60 to 1 s at a signal to noise ratio of 430.
Compile-time evaluation and code generation for semantics-directed compilers (denotational) (1985)

Programming languages have traditionally been specified in two different forms: by informal (and often imprecise) descriptions in reference manuals, and by implementations of compilers. While the latter are necessarily quite formal (as they must to be executed by computers), they do not serve as a good means to communicate programming language semantics, or as a good basis for reasoning about programs.
Since the introduction of Denotational Semantics to describe programming language semantics, significant progress has been made in being able to automatically derive compilers from Denotational Semantic specifications of programming languages. These specifications can be used both for communication between designers and users, and for automatic translation from the languages they specify into executable machine code.
The compilers produced by such semantics-directed compiler generators have not been as powerful as conventional compilers, in two ways. Some automatically-generated compilers produce semantic structures which must be interpreted many orders of magnitude slower than the equivalent machine code produced by a conventional compiler. Others produce efficient machine code but only handle a small subset of a typical programming language's semantics.
Both of these problems are a consequence of an inability to do enough compile-time evaluation. For example, in a language like Pascal, all of the type checking and representation selection can and should be done at compile time.
By choosing a set of combinators which intuitively correspond to register-transfer operations (the atomic operations of von Neumann machines) the process of compilation can be treated as the reduction of a (large) (lamda)-expression to a normal form in these combinators. Compile-time evaluation during the reduction to normal form includes the allocation of static storage, the selection of data-type representations, type checking and coercion, and constant folding.
An algorithm is given for generating code from the normal form. Thus, a true compiler, not just an interpreter, is specified by giving a Denotational Semantics for the language. The compiler-generator has been fully implemented; it has been used to specify working compilers for Pascal and C. The automatically-generated compilers are slow. However, the machine code they produce is comparable in efficiency to what is produced by conventional hand-built compilers.
Multi-model parallel programming in psyche (1990)

Many different parallel programming models, including lightweight processes that communicate with shared memory and heavyweight processes that communicate with messages, have been used to implement parallel applications. Unfortunately, operating systems and languages designed for parallel programming typically support only one model. Multi-model parallel programming is the simultaneous use of several different models, both across programs and within a single program. This paper describes multi-model parallel programming in the Psyche multiprocessor operating system. We explain why multi-model programming is desirable and present an operating system interface designed to support it. Through a series of three examples, we illustrate how the Psyche operating system supports different models of parallelism and how the different models are able to interact.
Mechanical characterization of biomimetic membranes by micro-shaft poking (2008)

The popularity of biomimetic membranes has recently increased due to their biomedical applications such as tissue engineering/regenerative medicine and biosensors. Characterization of the viscoelastic properties of these membranes is important in developing functional membranes. A new micro-shaft poking technique has been developed, which is free from the complication of substrate backing, and which is normally an intractable problem in conventional indentation testing of membrane materials. A tailored indentation apparatus with a spherical indenter and a force resolution and displacement of 1 microN and 1 mum was constructed. Alginate and agarose were used to fabricate biomimetic membranes. Chicken epidermis was examined to represent a real biological tissue. The results show that the elastic modulus increased with concentration in hydrogels. Epidermis moduli appeared to increase with increased strain. Stress relaxation tests have also been conducted to examine the time-dependent behaviours of various hydrogels and a viscoelastic model has been correspondingly developed and applied to describe the experimental results. Potential applications of this new instrument to other membranes, both artificial and biological, have also been addressed.
Electrical Design of a High Speed Computer Package (1982)

A methodology for optimizing the design of an electrical packaging system for a high speed computer is described. The pertinent parameters are first defined and their sensitivities are derived so that the proper design trade-offs can ultimately be made. From this procedure, a set of rules is generated for driving a computer aided design system. Finally, there is a discussion of design optimization and circuit and package effects on machine performance.
A high precision quartz oscillator with performance comparable to rubidium oscillators in many respects (2002)

An ultra-stable ovenized crystal oscillator (the 260 Series) has been designed and developed at MTI-Milliren Technologies Inc. in order to provide an alternative to rubidium oscillators. The oscillator has been developed for applications where it is critical to maintain comparable performance parameters of a rubidium oscillator without the higher cost and inherent wear-out phenomena which may be detriment to system design goals.
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Limited Available Treatment Options but Promising Drugs in Development and Recent Progress Towards a Regulatory Approval Pathway (2015)

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing world-wide in parallel to the increase of the obesity epidemic. Insulin resistance (IR) and the accumulation of triglyceride-derived toxic lipid metabolites play a key role in its pathogenesis. Multiple biomarkers are being evaluated for the non-invasive diagnosis of NASH. However, a percutaneous liver biopsy is still the gold standard method; the minimal diagnostic criteria include the presence of >5% macrovesicular steatosis, inflammation, and liver cell ballooning. Several pharmaceutical agents have been evaluated for the treatment of NASH; however, no single therapy has been approved so far. Due to the increasing prevalence and the health burden, there is a high need to develop therapeutic strategies for patients with NASH targeting both those with early-stage disease as well as those with advanced liver fibrosis. There are unique challenges in the design of studies for these target populations. Collaborative efforts of health authorities, medical disease experts, and the pharmaceutical industry are ongoing to align options for a registrational pathway. Several companies pursuing different mechanisms of action are nearing the end of phase II with their candidates. This manuscript reviews those compounds with a variety of mode of actions that have been evaluated and/or are currently being tested with the goal of achieving a NAFLD/NASH indication.
Introduction of a mediator for enhancing photocatalytic performance via post-synthetic metal exchange in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (2014)

Correction for 'Introduction of a mediator for enhancing photocatalytic performance via post-synthetic metal exchange in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)' by Dengrong Sun et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 2056-2059.
Motion Controller Design for Contour-Following Tasks Based on Real-Time Contour Error Estimation (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Reduction of contour error is an important issue in contour-following applications. One of the common approaches to this problem is to design a controller based on contour error information. However, for the free-form contour-following tasks, there is a lack of effective algorithms for calculating contour errors in real time. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a real-time contour error estimation algorithm. In addition, a motion control scheme that combines a position loop controller (which utilizes a velocity command feedforward) with a tangential–contouring controller (TCC) is employed to improve the contour-following accuracy. When implementing the TCC, a coordinate transformation matrix is needed. Unfortunately, it is difficult to calculate the coordinate transformation matrix when performing the free-form contour-following task. To overcome this difficulty and facilitate the use of contour controllers, a systematic approach is employed to derive the coordinate transformation matrix for the free-form contour-following tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed contour error estimation algorithm and the motion control scheme. </para>
A flexible processor allocation strategy for mesh connected parallel systems (2002)

Large mesh connected parallel systems callow multiple applications to run simultaneously on distinct, non-overlapping sub-meshes. This improves overall efficiency, since few (if any) individual applications can effectively use all of the available processors. The sub-mesh allocation strategy forms a crucial component in such systems and affects many performance criteria including system throughput, processor utilization, and application turnaround time. We propose a new sub-mesh allocation strategy called flexfold. When a request for an a/spl times/b sub-mesh arrives, flexfold first searches for a/spl times/b and b/spl times/a sub-meshes, as expected. If appropriate, it may additionally search for a/2/spl times/2b, 2a/spl times/b/2, 2b/spl times/a/2, and b/2/spl times/2a sub-meshes. At the expense of sometimes increasing their execution time, flexfold accommodates incoming applications earlier than other strategies. Simulation results indicate that a simple test suffices to determine when this trade-off is beneficial and flexfold achieves better overall performance compared to other algorithms. Flexfold is completely transparent to the application programmer and does not require additional architectural support beyond what already exists.
Inorganic Extraction Studies on the System between Bis(2-ethyl hexyl)-orthophosphoric Acid and Hydrochloric Acid. II (1961)

The influence of solvent concentration in extractions from hydrochloric acid solutions of about flfty elements is shown. The distribution ratio, K/sub d,/ of a given nuclide was radiometrically determined. The details of and some remarks on the method used are given. The bis(2-ethyl hexyl)-orthophosphoric acid concentration in the organic layer was varied in the range 0.5 to 50 volume% for most extractions. Extraction with barren toluene containing no HDEHP was also checked. The acidity in the aqueous layer was kept constant in a series of extractions of a given element. (N.W.R.)
A study of alkylthiomethylbenzotriazoles as multifunctional lubricating oil additives (1995)

Abstract Three new oil‐soluble alkylthiomethylbenzotriazoles were synthesised with the reaction of 1‐chloromethylbenzotriazole and sodium alkyl mercaptan in iso‐propanol at room temperature for 12 h. Their load‐carrying capacity and friction and wear properties when added to liquid paraffin were then evaluated using a Seta‐shell four‐ball machine. Their thermal stability in static air was examined by DSC analysis, and their friction reduction and antiwear mechanisms were investigated using XPS and AES analysis.
The molecular basis for tropomyosin isoform diversity (1991)

The tropomyosins are a family of actin filament binding proteins. In multicellular animals, they exhibit extensive cell type specific isoform diversity. In this essay we discuss the genetic mechanisms by which this diversity is generated and its possible significance to cellular function.