gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Characteristics of DNA Comet Assay for Irradiated Vegetables and Grains (2008)

국내에서 주로 소비되는 채소류와 곡물류의 방사선조사 여부를 신속하게 검지하기 위하여 DNA comet assay의 활용 가능성을 조사하였다. 식품의 종류에 따라 세포용출시간, 세포현탁액의 정치시간 및 세포용해시간 등의 DNA comet assay 조건을 달리하여야 DNA comet이 관찰되는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 방사선조사선량에 따라 comet assay 값이 증가하였는데 유의적 차이는 식품의 종류에 따라 달리 나타났다. 즉, 파는 2 kGy, 마늘은 3 kGy, 토마토는 1 kGy, 쌀가루는 9 kGy, 그리고 서리태는 3 kGy에서 방사선조사 여부에 대한 검지가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 식물세포는 동물세포에 비해 외부의 영향에 민감하게 작용하기 때문에 DNA도 쉽게 손상되어 크기뿐만 아니라 핵의 모양도 다양하게 나타나는 것으로 보고된 바와 같이 DNA comet assay를 다양한 식품의 방사선조사 신속검지법으로 활용하기 위해서는 식품의 종류에 따른 표준화된 comet 분석조건 및 통계분석법에 대한 가이드라인 설정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.
Structured light field 3D imaging (2016)

In this paper, we propose a method by means of light field imaging under structured illumination to deal with high dynamic range 3D imaging. Fringe patterns are projected onto a scene and modulated by the scene depth then a structured light field is detected using light field recording devices. The structured light field contains information about ray direction and phase-encoded depth, via which the scene depth can be estimated from different directions. The multidirectional depth estimation can achieve high dynamic 3D imaging effectively. We analyzed and derived the phase-depth mapping in the structured light field and then proposed a flexible ray-based calibration approach to determine the independent mapping coefficients for each ray. Experimental results demonstrated the validity of the proposed method to perform high-quality 3D imaging for highly and lowly reflective surfaces.
<title>Fiber optic multichannel laser spectrometer system for remote fluorescence detection in soils</title> (1996)

Fiber optic probes employing single channel laser excitation and fluorescence collection have been seeing increasing use for remote sensing applications. However, multi-channel systems offer enhanced capacity for qualitative and quantitative determination of analytes. We describe a system which employs simultaneous delivery of laser excitation wavelengths arising from stimulated Raman scattering. Separate fluorescence responses for each excitation channel are imaged through a spectrograph onto a CCD array detector. Each channel has a dedicated fiber optic pair to deliver and collect light. REsults will be presented which evaluate the capabilities of this type of spectrometer for determination of organic contaminant mixtures in various sample matrices.
연하도 철기문화의 성립과 전개과정 (2014)

동북아시아 철기문화의 성립과 전개과정은 중국 전국시대 연나라 철기문화의 유입으로 이해할 수 있다. 그러나 연나라 철기문화에 대한 고고학적 검토는 이루어지지 않은 채 문헌기록에 의존한 논의가 다수를 이루고 있다. 본고는 연나라의 중심지 중의 하나인 연하도의 철기자료를 고고학적 방법으로 검토하여 그 변천단계와 전개과정을 확인하고자 하였다. 본고의 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다.
먼저 연나라 철기문화의 변천단계는 3기로 구분되는데, 전국시대 중기인 기원전 4세기대부터 본격적으로 성립되기 시작하여 후기인 기원전 3세기대에 최성기에 이른다. 최초의 철기류는 분묘의 부장품으로 출토되며, 철제 농공구(철부류)는 청동제 무기류와 함께 부장된다. 특히 주조품의 출토가 두드러져 거의 대부분 기종이 주조품이다. 따라서 연나라 철기문화의 개시는 주조품이 중심이 되는 것으로 판단된다. 더불어 철기는 대규모 분묘에서 출토되는 점과 생산도구가 부장되는 점을 통해 그 생산과 소유가 특정 계층에 한정되고 있는 것을 알 수 있다.
전국시대 후기에 해당하는 기원전 3세기대가 되면, 분묘에 부장되는 무기류의 철기화가 이루어진다. 또한, 취락 내에서도 다양한 형태의 철제 농공구와 관련 유구가 확인되는 경향을 보인다. 취락 내 단야구 세트가 출토되는 현상은 주조품 뿐만 아니라 단조품의 생산도 이루어졌다는 것을 알려준다. 이 시기는 철기의 생산 기술이 발전하고 도구로서 철기의 보편화가 이루어지는 연나라 철기문화의 성행기인 것이다.
이후 연나라의 멸망과 함께 기존의 철기문화가 지속적으로 발전되었다고 보기 어렵다. 주조품은 감소하고 단조품이 다수이며, 분묘 내 철기의 부장은 한두 점으로 한정된다. 그 원인은 한나라의 성립 이후 철기생산의 제한과 철관의 설치와 같은 제도적인 규제가 강해지는 것과 관련있을 것으로 생각된다.
이처럼 연하도를 중심으로 연나라 철기문화를 살펴본 결과, 주조철부를 대상으로 한 철기의 변천양상에서 가장 중요한 획기는 기원전 3세기대라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기원전 3세기대가 연나라의 영역확장이 본격적으로 진행되기 시작한 시기였다는 것을 고려하면, 이 시기는 동북아시아 제 지역에 철기가 유입되는 시기와 밀접한 관련이 있을 것이다.
Gut microbiota in common elderly diseases affecting activities of daily living (2018)

Gut microbiota are involved in the development or prevention of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, and malignancy such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerotic stroke and cardiovascular disease are major diseases associated with decreased activities of daily living (ADL), especially in elderly people. Recent analyses have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in the control of these diseases. The composition or diversity of these microbiota is different between patients with these conditions and healthy controls, and administration of probiotics or prebiotics has been shown effective in the treatment of these diseases. Gut microbiota may affect distant organs through mechanisms that include regulating the absorption of nutrients and/or the production of microbial metabolites, regulating and interacting with the systemic immune system, and translocating bacteria/bacterial products through disrupted mucosal barriers. Thus, the gut microbiota may be important regulators in the development of diseases that affect ADL. Although adequate exercise and proper diet are important for preventing these diseases, their combination with interventions that manipulate the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for maintaining health condition and preserving ADL. This review thus summarizes current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development or prevention of diseases closely associated with the maintenance of ADL.
Proposal of Design Method for Landslides Considering Antecedent Rainfall and In-situ Matric Suction (2013)

본 연구에서는 전형적인 산사태 발생 메커니즘인 강우침투현상과 현장 모관흡수력을 고려한 산사태 해석 방법을 제시하였으며, 실제 산사태가 발생된 지역을 선정하여 그 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 대상지역의 시료를 채취하여 함수특성곡선(SWCC) 실험을 수행하였으며, 불포화 투수계수를 산정하였다. 또한 초기 모관흡수력과 강우발생에 따른 모관흡수력 변화를 관측하기 위해 현장계측을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 산사태 해석에 적용하였다. 그리고 국내 강우특성을 고려한 비탈면 설계를 위하여, 강우패턴에 따른 습윤대 깊이와 안전율 변화를 분석하였다. 특히, 선행강우 효과를 고려한 매개변수 해석을 수행하여 비탈면 안정성에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 습윤대 깊이 변화를 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 산사태 해석 방법은 지반의 불포화 특성과 선행강우 효과를 고려할 수 있으며, 산사태 발생 위치를 적절히 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 강우발생 시, 강우량이 후반부에 집중된 강우패턴에서 비탈면의 안전율이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 선행강우는 비탈면의 모관흡수력을 감소시켜 불안정성을 증가시키고, 이후 발생된 강우로 인해 습윤대가 깊어지면서 비탈면 파괴 위험이 증가한다. This study presents a design method for typical rainfall-induced landslide considering in-situ matric suction. Actual landslide data are used to validate the proposed method. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and unsaturated permeability are experimentally determined to estimate hydraulic properties of testing site. The field measurement of matric suction is carried out to monitor in-situ matric suction in a natural slope subjected to rainfall infiltration, which is incorporated in the landslide analysis. The wetting band depth and safety factor of the slope are assessed to clarify the effect of domestic rainfall pattern. Especially, the effect of antecedent rainfall on the slope stability is investigated and discussed in terms of wetting band depth using parametric study. It is found from the result of this study that proposed design method can consider the characteristic of unsaturated soil and effect of antecedent rainfall. The location of the scarp zone is fairly well predicted by proposed design method. Moreover, heavy rainfall, concentrated in the backward part with time, causes the lowest safety factor of the slope. These results demonstrate that decrease in matric suction due to antecedent rainfall may trigger slope instability. After the antecedent rainfall, additional rainfall may cause the slope failure due to increasing wetting band depth.
Meta-scoring (2001)

In this paper, we present a method that can automatically evaluate performance of different term weighting schemes in information retrieval without resorting to precision-recall based on human relevance judgments. Specifically, the problem is: given two document-term matrixes generated from two different term weighting schemes, can we tell which term weighting scheme will performance better than the other? We propose a meta-scoring function, which takes as input the document-term matrix generated by some term weighting scheme and computes a goodness score from the document-term matrix. In our experiments, we found out that this score is highly correlated with the precision-recall measurement for all the collections and term weighting schema we tried. Thus, we conclude that our meta-scoring function can be a substitute for the precision-recall measurement that needs relevance judgments of human subject. Furthermore, this meta-scoring function is not limited only to text information retrieval can be applied to fields such as image and DNA retrieval.
Response of Wine Grape Cultivars to Simulated Drift Rates of 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate, and 2,4-D or Dicamba Plus Glyphosate (2016)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Wooster, OH, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to evaluate the responses of five wine grape cultivars to sublethal doses of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, and the ‘Riesling’ grape to mixtures of 2,4-D plus glyphosate and dicamba plus glyphosate. Treatments were made using a spray system calibrated to deliver 0.757 L min −1 at 276 kPa and 4.8 km h −1 . Herbicides were delivered through 8002 flat spray nozzles and applied at 1/30, 1/100, and 1/300 of the recommended field rate of 840, 560, and 840 g ae ha −1 for 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, respectively. Injury was observed in all treatments 7 d after treatment (DAT). However, injury symptoms greater than 10% were observed 42 DAT in plants treated with 2,4-D at all rates and plants treated with dicamba at the two highest rates. Injury (35%) at 357 DAT was noted only in plants treated with the highest rate of 2,4-D. French hybrids showed slightly less injury symptoms compared with wine grapes at 7 and 42 DAT. Shoot length reduction in plants treated with 2,4-D at the highest rate was 43, 84, and 16% at 7, 42, and 357 DAT, respectively. Glyphosate caused the fewest injury symptoms in Riesling compared with 2,4-D and dicamba when applied separately or tank mixed with glyphosate. Shoot length reduction in Riesling was observed 42 DAT with all rates of 2,4-D, with and without glyphosate and dicamba, and dicamba plus glyphosate at the highest rate; however, at 357 DAT, no effect was observed in shoot length. Spray drift of 2,4-D and dicamba can severely injure grapes, with injury increasing with increased exposure. The combination of 2,4-D plus glyphosate caused greater injury and shoot length reduction in grapes than glyphosate applied alone.
[Triple hepatectomy for cancer]. (1993)

The resection of the metastases from digestive malignant lesions are always the most efficient treatment, if it is complete. However it must be performed without major operative risk. According to this point of view, it is logical to examine the feasibility of three successive hepatectomies for metastases. We report in this study our experience with five cases of triple hepatectomies performed for 4 colic cancers and 1 carcinoid cancer. Two major hepatectomies were performed during this third resection. The re-exposure of the liver was very difficult in 4 cases, and the texture of the liver parenchyma was flabby and abnormal in 5 cases (confirmed with the histologic study). The mean duration of the surgery was 307 minutes, the mean duration of the intermittent pedicle clamping was 59 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 1710 ml. No post-operative death occurred, and the morbidity was low. This 5 third hepatectomies have been compared, for the feasability, to the 41 second hepatectomies and to the 234 first hepatectomies which we have performed. In proportion as hepatectomies are carried out, the difficulties to expose the liver increase, the texture of the liver parenchyma gets spoiled and the duration of the operation increases. In conclusion, the third hepatectomies are technically difficult to perform, but they are feasable. However it is too early to be able to define their indications.
AN INSTANCE OF TRIVALENT CARBON: TRIPHENYLMETHYL. (1900)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAN INSTANCE OF TRIVALENT CARBON: TRIPHENYLMETHYL.M. GombergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1900, 22, 11, 757–771Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1900Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1900https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02049a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02049a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7156Altmetric-Citations687LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specificity of dimer formation in tropomyosins: influence of alternatively spliced exons on homodimer and heterodimer assembly. (1995)

Tropomyosins consist of nearly 100% alpha-helix and assemble into parallel and in-register coiled-coil dimers. In vitro it has been established that nonmuscle as well as native muscle tropomyosins can form homodimers. However, a mixture of muscle alpha and beta tropomyosin subunits results in the formation of the thermodynamically more stable alpha/beta heterodimer. Although the assembly preference of the muscle tropomyosin heterodimer can be understood thermodynamically, the presence of multiple tropomyosin isoforms expressed in nonmuscle cells points toward a more complex principle for determining dimer formation. We have investigated the dimerization of rat tropomyosins in living cells by the use of epitope tagging with a 16-aa sequence of the influenza hemagglutinin. Employing transfection and immunoprecipitation techniques, we have analyzed the dimers formed by muscle and nonmuscle tropomyosins in rat fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the information for homo- versus heterodimerization is contained within the tropomyosin molecule itself and that the information for the selectivity is conferred by the alternatively spliced exons. These results have important implications for models of the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics.
Protection by Vaccination Against <i>Pseudomonas</i> Infection After Thermal Injury (1968)

Active immunization is effective in the prophylaxis of Pseudomonas septicemia in burned mice. Vaccines were prepared from bacterial cells and growth medium of Verder's 10 different O serological types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, as well as from Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Mice given a tail burn could be significantly protected against a local Pseudomonas challenge by both specific and, to a lesser extent, by nonspecific Pseudomonas vaccines prepared either from bacterial cells or from the medium in which they were grown. The vaccine was effective when administered prior to or after thermal trauma. After a more extensive rump burn, the protective effect of a specific vaccine given after thermal injury was significant only when the challenge was postponed until 4 days postburn; the level of protection was less than in the mice with smaller burns.
A Resource Manager for Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA-Based Embedded Systems (2013)

FPGA-based embedded systems are gaining relevance for implementing a wide range of applications. Part of their success is due to their balanced compromise between performance and flexibility, but also because of their capability for exploiting the dynamic reconfiguration. However, the costly reconfiguration process and the lack of management support have prevented a broader use of the FPGAs. In order to contribute to solve these issues, in this paper we propose a software/hardware dynamic resource management system that combines scheduling and placement tasks, providing a complete management flow for supporting dynamically reconfigurable hardware designs. One of the advantages of the proposed model is the capability for running its scheduling and placement tasks in different nodes, as part of a distributed network. The results of our experiments demonstrate that our placement policy, specially designed for reconfigurable systems, achieves good results, in terms of reusability and performance, compared to other management approaches.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Encoding Cold-Active β-Galactosidase from a Psychrotrophic and Halotolerant <i>Planococcus</i> sp. L4 (2007)

The gene bgaP encoding cold-active beta-galactosidase from a psychrotrophic and halotolerant Planococcus sp. L4 was cloned into Escherichia coli and sequenced. A sequence analysis of the DNA responsible for the BgaP gene revealed an open reading frame of 2031 bp encoding for a protein of 677 amino acid residues. The BgaP was heterologously expressed in E. coli and purified followed by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was approximately 156 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the deduced amino acid sequence of the BgaP indicated molecular masses of 78 and 77.311 kDa, respectively, suggesting that the BgaP is a dimer. The purified BgaP had an isoelectric point of 4.8 and exhibited maximal activity at 20 degrees C and pH 6.8 under the assay conditions used. The enzyme is particularly thermolabile, losing all activity in only 10 min at 45 degrees C. It was able to hydrolyze lactose as a substrate, as well as o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG); the Km values with ONPG and lactose were calculated to be 5.4 and 20.4 mM at 5 degrees C, respectively. The catalytic efficiencies of BagP for lactose at 5 and 20 degrees C had 14 and 47 times more than that of E. coli beta-galactosidase at 20 degrees C, respectively. Therefore, cold-active beta-galactosidase from the psychrotrophic and halotolerant Planococcus sp. L4 could conceivably be developed to fulfill the practical requirements to enable its use for lactose removal in milk and dairy products at low temperature or a reporter enzyme for psychrophilic genetic systems.
High Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Level Predicts Poorer Survival in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2010)

Serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) levels have been reported to have prognostic significance in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Until recently, serum TK1 levels were assessed using inconvenient radioenzyme assays. In this study, we used a novel chemiluminescence assay to assess serum TK1 levels in patients with CLL at the time of first examination. We show that high serum TK1 levels predict poorer overall survival and correlate with unmutated immunoglobulin variable region genes, CD38 and ZAP-70 expression, and subsequent risk of developing large B-cell lymphoma (Richter syndrome). Similar findings were observed in a subset of patients treated with current fludarabine-based chemotherapy regimens. We suggest that serum TK1 levels analyzed using this convenient chemiluminescence assay may be useful in the risk assessment of patients with CLL.
On the Merits of Using Spatial and Waveform Diversity for Target Detection in Ultra Wideband Radars (2006)

This paper presents experimental results of using spatial and waveform diversity schemes applied to ultra wideband (UWB) short-range radars. Spatial diversity provides multiple views of the target, enhancing the content of information received. The use of waveform diversity scheme is compared with spatial diversity by transmitting different UWB signals from different antennas. An experimental and simulation study is presented, which claims a maximum of 13 dB gain in the target signatures with respect to a single bistatic radar. It is also shown that spatial and waveform diversity schemes acting together can possibly lead to further improvement in radar detection capability.
Specific uptake of alpha‐fetoprotein by malignant human lymphoid cells (1987)

We have studied the ability of human B- and T-lymphoblastoid cell lines, as well as of peripheral lymphoid cells from leukemia patients, to take up alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and other serum proteins. Two technical approaches have been employed, both using fluorescent protein derivatives (FITC-proteins): microscopic examination of labelled cells using epifluorescent illumination and quantitation of endocytosed proteins by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Compared to human resting T-lymphocytes, all T- and B-cell lines tested exhibited positive staining for fluoresceinated AFP and transferrin (Tf) and a significant increase, up to 100-fold, of the number of AFP and Tf molecules endocytosed per cell. Labelling was prevented or strongly diminished by a 100-fold excess of unlabelled protein. Preliminary results with peripheral lymphoid cells harvested from leukemia patients showed the presence of AFP- and Tf-positive cells in the blood of all patients examined. Intensity of labelling was related to the type of leukemia cells and/or the degree of cell maturation. Most cell lines exhibited positive staining for alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and also, to a lesser extent, for serum Vitamin D3 binding protein (DBP). In contrast, no labelling was observed with FITC-serum albumin (FITC-Alb) or FITC-ovalbumin (FITC-OVA). Comparative uptake of several FITC-proteins by a single cell population revealed significant quantitative and qualitative differences.
High-Temperature-Stable Au@SnO<sub>2</sub> Core/Shell Supported Catalyst for CO Oxidation (2008)

High-temperature-stable Au@SnO2 core/shell supported catalyst was prepared by a simple intermetallics-based dry-oxidation approach in which the size of the core can be controlled easily by varying the size of the pre-made Au seeds. The change of their structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the as-prepared supported catalysts, Au particles with a mean size of ca. 15 nm were highly encapsulated by the SnO2 shell. Moreover, the Au@SnO2 core/shell supported catalysts showed superior catalytic activity compared to non-encapsulated Au−SnO2. XPS spectra showed that the interactions between the Au catalyst and oxide support in the well-encapsulated Au@SnO2 core/shell nanoparticles are much stronger than those in the non-encapsulated Au−SnO2 nanoparticles, further indicating the synergetic confinement effect in such nanoscaled catalyst/support core/shell systems.