gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode I Crack Propagation under High Cyclic Loading in 316L Stainless Steel (2014)

Mode I fatigue crack propagation under high mechanical-thermal stress in large-scale yielding condition is observed in an experimental setup (named PACIFIC) developed by EDF. However, the crack growth within the ductile zones cannot be quantified numerically: the traditional methods based on the fracture mechanics such as the Paris propagation law are not appropriated, and no other ductile fatigue propagation law is yet approved. The objective of this study is to come up with a robust fatigue propagation law in large-scale plastic condition. An incremental model was developed for mode I fatigue crack growth under complex load spectra in consideration of non- linearity of material in the crack tip region. The displacement field in the crack tip region is partitioned into an elastic field and a plastic field which presents the plastic deformation within the crack tip region. Each field is approached by the product of a spatial reference field and its intensity factor. This approach allows dealing with the crack growth at large-scale. Our study aims at extending this model to account for the large-scale plasticity. For this purpose, besides the elastic and plastic field, the velocity field of the crack tip region is approached by a third field which is assumed to introduce the large-scale plasticity and is in the form of a product of a spatial reference field and its intensity factor rate ġ. Non-linear FE analyses were used to show that such an approximation is reasonably precise. The analyses conducted in this study indicate that the large yielding plasticity has no direct contribution to the crack propagation, thus the crack growth rate ȧ is merely proportional to the small-scale plasticity rate as in small-scale yielding condition. In addition, the 316L displays a very significant cyclic hardening effect and a memory effect. A constitutive law for this material in large strain range was identified that accounts for this memory effect, and the simulations are in good agreement with the experiments.
Determination of ambroxol hydrochloride in human plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and bioequivalence evaluation of its preparation (2018)

A rapid, simple and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of ambroxol hydrochloride in human plasma, and bioequivalence of its preparation was evaluated. The 50 μL-plasma sample was treated with methanol for protein precipitation, while ambroxol-d5 was used as an internal standard (IS). The separation was carried out on a Waters XBridge BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases. The analyte was detected using an electrospray ionization source in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 2-400 ng/mL (<i>r</i>=0.998). The intra- and inter-run accuracies were 97.1%-108.7%, the intra- and inter-run precisions were 1.0%-5.6%. The method was applied to the determination of the plasma concentration of the six healthy subjects after the oral administration of 30 mg of test and reference preparations. The bioavailability was (102.3±14.8)%. The 90% confidence intervals of the test preparation's pharmacokinetic parameters were 80.0%-125.0% of the reference preparation's corresponding parameters. Thus, it is proved that the test preparation and reference preparation are bioequivalent.
Ectopic expression of p27Kip1 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells results in cell‐cycle growth arrest (1998)

Oligodendrocyte differentiation is a complex process believed to be controlled by an intrinsic mechanism associated with cell-cycle arrest. Recently, the cell-cycle inhibitor protein p27Kip1 has been proposed as a key element in causing growth arrest of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. To investigate the effects of p27 upon oligodendrocyte cell development, we have introduced the p27 cDNA in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells using an adenovirus vector. Progenitor cells normally express low levels of p27. After adenoviral infection and p27 overexpression, progenitor cells were able to undergo cell-cycle arrest, even in the presence of strong mitogens. The effects of p27 were shown to be directly upon cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), the protein kinase complex responsible for G1/S transition, as immunodepletion of oligodendrocyte extracts of p27 protein resulted in the activation of CDK2 activity. However, cells that became growth arrested owing to infection with p27 adenovirus did not display conventional oligodendrocyte differentiation markers, such as O4 or O1. Taken together, these data provide mechanistic evidence indicating that p27 is primarily involved in oligodendroglial progenitor proliferation by inhibiting CDK2 activity and inducing oligodendrocyte cell-cycle arrest. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 36: 431–440, 1998
Energetics and Mechanism of Drug Transport Mediated by the Lactococcal Multidrug Transporter LmrP (1996)

The gene encoding the secondary multidrug transporter LmrP of Lactococcus lactis was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The energetics and mechanism of drug extrusion mediated by LmrP were studied in membrane vesicles of E. coli. LmrP-mediated extrusion of tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP+) from right-side-out membrane vesicles and uptake of the fluorescent membrane probe 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (TMA-DPH) into inside-out membrane vesicles are driven by the membrane potential (Deltapsi) and the transmembrane proton gradient (DeltapH), pointing to an electrogenic drug/proton antiport mechanism. Ethidium bromide, a substrate for LmrP, inhibited the LmrP-mediated TPP+ extrusion from right-side-out membrane vesicles, showing that LmrP is capable of transporting structurally unrelated drugs. Kinetic analysis of LmrP-mediated TMA-DPH transport revealed a direct relation between the transport rate and the amount of TMA-DPH associated with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. This observation indicates that drugs are extruded from the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane into the external medium. This is the first report that shows that drug extrusion by a secondary multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter occurs by a "hydrophobic vacuum cleaner" mechanism in a similar way as was proposed for the primary lactococcal MDR transporter, LmrA.
Potentiality of the Ag–In–Sb–Te Phase Change Recording Material for High Density Erasable Optical Discs (1997)

The feasibility of using Ag–In–Sb–Te phase change material for high density of directly overwritable optical discs has been studied. A linear density of 0.34 µm/bit with a track pitch of 0.74 µm is confirmed to be achievable with a light source wavelength of 680 nm, with an objective lens NA of 0.60 and the criteria of data-to-data jitter of less than 14% of the channel bit length. The recording characteristics are also studied using an optical system with a 635 nm red laser diode in order to investigate the attainment of a linear density of 0.267 µm/bit which is equivalent to the DVD-ROM (read only memory) specification.
Influence of hydrostatic compression of the chest and intrathoracic blood pooling on static lung mechanics during head-out immersion. (1978)

The effect of water immersion on static lung volumes and pressure-volume curves was studied in five subjects. A special container allowed measurements during nonimmersion, head-out immersion, and thorax immersion leaving the head, pelvis region, and legs dry. It was thus possible to separate the part played by hydrostatic forces acting on the chest from the part played by intrathoracic blood pooling during immersion. Hydrostatic compression of the chest decreased total lung capacity (TLC) by 0.30 liter and residual volume (RV) by 0.25 liter. Blood redistributed into the thorax during head-out immersion caused a further reduction of TLC of 0.13 liter; RV increased by 0.10 liter, probably because expiration was hampered by air-trapping. Heal-out immersion reduced VC by 0.29 liter compared to nonimmersion, and this effect was wholly attributable to intrathoracic blood pooling. Lung compliance during head-out immersion was 0.11 liter x (cmH2O)-1 smaller than during nonimmersion; this was mainly due to intrathoracic blood pooling. Results support the notion that blood redistribution decreased lung compliance by exerting an erectile effect on the lung tissue.
Gas Turbine Research in the AGTSR Program (2002)

The South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies (SCIES), administratively housed at Clemson University, has participated in the advancement of combustion turbine technology for nearly a decade. The Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research (AGTSR) program has been administered by SCIES for the U. S. DOE. Under the supervision of the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the AGTSR has brought together the engineering departments at the leading U.S. universities and U.S. combustion turbine developers to assist in providing a solid base of knowledge for the future generations of gas turbines. In the AGTSR program, an Industrial Review Board (IRB) of gas turbine companies and related organizations defines needed gas turbine research. SCIES prepares yearly requests for university proposals that address the research needs identified by the IRB organizations. IRB technical representatives evaluate the university proposals and review progress reports from the awarded university projects. Seventy-five (75) AGTSR university projects have been awarded in the areas of gas turbine combustion, aerodynamics/heat transfer, and materials. An overview of recent AGTSR university projects is given in this paper and research results from several of the projects are described in greater detail.
Cycloaddition of 3-Amino-5-chloro-2(1<i>H</i>)-pyrazinones and Olefins:  Ring Transformation into 3-Amino- or 6-Cyano-Substituted 2-Pyridinone Systems (1996)

The cycloadducts formed from the Diels−Alder reaction of 3-amino-5-chloro-2(1H)-pyrazinones with methyl acrylate in toluene are subject to two alternative modes of ring transformation yielding either methyl 6-cyano-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pyridinecarboxylates, e.g. 12a,b (loss of amine substituent), or the corresponding 3-amino-6-cyano-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-pyridinecarboxylates, e.g. 15a,b. From the latter compounds, 3-amino-2-pyridinones can be generated through subsequent loss of HCN. A mechanism accounting for the loss or retention of the amine substituent is based on (1) the effects observed for each reaction mode when varying the substituents in both reaction partners and (2) the exclusive retention of the amine substituent when replacing toluene with the basic solvent pyridine.
Polarization of the induced THz emission of donors in silicon (2016)

The polarization of the terahertz (4.9–6.4 THz) stimulated emission of Group-V (Sb, P, As, Bi) donors in single-crystal silicon under pumping (photoionization) by a CO2 laser (photon energy 117 meV), depending on the uniaxial compressive deformation of the crystal along the [100] axis, is experimentally investigated. The influence of the field direction of the pump wave on its efficiency is discussed.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INFANT RHESUS MONKEYS TO POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS ADMINISTERED BY MOUTH (1947)

Although rhesus monkeys have been generally regarded as refractory to infection with poliomyelitis virus administered by the oral route, two of seven infant rhesus developed paralytic poliomyelitis when fed murine-adapted strains of virus. Preliminary intranasal treatment with zinc sulfate and negative serial sections of the olfactory bulbs of the positive animals ruled out the possibility that infection occurred by way of the olfactory pathway. Studies on the distribution of virus in the tissues of the infected animals yielded positive results in one animal only. In this instance, virus was widely distributed throughout the body being isolated from spinal cord, buccal mucosa, duodenal wall, colon contents, superficial lymph nodes, spleen, heart, and adrenals.
An integrated modeling study on the effects of mineral dust and sea salt particles on clouds and precipitation (2011)

Abstract. This report addresses the effects of pollution on the development of precipitation in clean ("pristine") and polluted ("hazy") environments in the Eastern Mediterranean by using the Integrated Community Limited Area Modeling System (ICLAMS) (an extended version of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, RAMS). The use of this model allows one to investigate the interactions of the aerosols with cloud development. The simulations show that the onset of precipitation in hazy clouds is delayed compared to pristine conditions. Adding small concentrations of GCCN to polluted clouds promotes early-stage rain. The addition of GCCN to pristine clouds has no effect on precipitation amounts. Topography was found to be more important for the distribution of precipitation than aerosol properties. Increasing by 15% the concentration of hygroscopic dust particles for a case study over the Eastern Mediterranean resulted in more vigorous convection and more intense updrafts. The clouds that were formed extended about three kilometers higher, delaying the initiation of precipitation by one hour. Prognostic treatment of the aerosol concentrations in the explicit cloud droplet nucleation scheme of the model, improved the model performance for the twenty-four hour accumulated precipitation. The spatial distribution and the amounts of precipitation were found to vary greatly between the different aerosol scenarios. These results indicate the large uncertainty that remains and the need for more accurate description of aerosol feedbacks in atmospheric models and climate change predictions.
New investigations on the LGT crystal intended for time and frequency applications (2010)

Materials of the langasite family are of current interest for both Bulk Acoustic Wave and Surface Acoustic Wave devices. In particular, they could be promising solutions to Frequency and Time applications due to their g/product, two to three times higher than for the quartz crystal . We have shown that this encouraging result is strongly linked to the crystal quality and to the post thermal treatment which has been submitted the device. Among the numerous crystals belonging to the LGS family, LGT seems more interesting because of the best combination of quality of growth and material parameters. To qualify the LGT crystal, We have investigated different samples by means Of the infrared spectrometry (IR), the dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), this last one dealing with the nature and the amount of the chemical impurities. Furthermore, we have investigated the inhomogeneity of our samples coming from different suppliers by measuring their optical rotary power and theIr coefficients Of gyration α at different wavelength.
Prepulse suppression for high-energy ultrashort pulses using self-induced plasma shuttering from a fluid target (1993)

The technique of self-induced plasma shuttering can be used to suppress prepulse energy from an ultrashort pulse. If a femtosecond pulse is incident upon a transparent target, the leading edge passes through while the peak reflects owing to ionization breakdown at the surface. We describe a fluid jet, enclosed in a vacuum chamber, that allows this technique to be used at high repetition rates. The jet has excellent stability and a fast (~500 micros) recovery time. At normal incidence, we demonstrate a reflection efficiency of 70% with a prepulse-to-main-pulse energy suppression ratio of >10, while at Brewster incidence we measure a reflection efficiency of 38% with a suppression ratio of nearly 400.
Comparative study of the<i>in vitro</i>interaction of two fibroblast cell lines with a polyalkyl‐imide hydrogel (2008)

The in vitro effects of polyalkyl-imide hydrogel (PAI) containing 96% pyrogen-free water on the viability, apoptosis, cell shape and metabolic activities of murine 3T3 and human Detroit 555 fibroblasts were investigated. Analysis of the viscous-elastic properties and the ultrastructure of PAI, performed by rheometer and AFM respectively, showed that the material has the typical characteristics of hydrogel, including a three-dimensional configuration of molecules arranged in a regular network with many discrete caveolae where most of the water is captured. Hydrogel biocompatibility was found to be high for both cell lines, with some differences. Cell viability decreased more in 3T3 cells than Detroit 550 fibroblasts when cultured in the presence of 100 mg/ml hydrogel but not at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/ml hydrogel. The period of incubation with PAI (24 and 48 h) only partially affected cell viability. Apoptosis, most likely due to cells' inability to adhere to the polymer, was the only type of cell death observed. Fibroblasts grown in the presence of polymer were always metabolically active since they continued to synthesize collagen. In conclusion, PAI hydrogel, even at high concentrations, was biocompatible for both fibroblasts, but in particular for human cells, thus encouraging its use as a dermal filler.
Transtympanic Iontophoresis with a Biocompatible Paramagnetic Solution at MR Imaging: Experimental Feasibility Study in Rabbits (2002)

With the solution of water and gadopentetate dimeglumine, the maximum SSNR and CSNR with both SE and GRE MR imaging sequences were achieved. The solution can be transferred to the middle and inner ear cavities across an intact tympanic membrane by using transtympanic iontophoresis.
Mutagenic replication in a human cell extract of DNAs containing site-specific and stereospecific benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide DNA adducts placed on the leading and lagging strands. (1998)

The environmental carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) forms DNA adducts with unique stereochemistries that may have divergent biological fates, depending on how they are processed within a cell. To investigate the effect of DNA bulky adduct stereoisomerism on the mutagenic outcome of translesion DNA replication in a human cell extract, oligonucleotides were synthesized that contained (+)- and (-)-anti-cis-BPDE enantiomers on N6 adenine at position 2 of the human N-ras 61 codon. Both the nonadducted and BPDE-adducted oligonucleotides were introduced into two double-stranded vectors, replicative forms M13mp2SVoriL and M13mp2SVoriR, which contain SV40 origins of replication in two different orientations relative to the adduct insertion site. Nonadducted and adduct-containing vector DNA constructs were replicated in HeLa cytoplasmic extracts and then screened in bacteria for base substitutions at the adduct site. The mutation frequencies for the adducted DNAs were at least 10 times higher than for the nonadducted DNA and ranged from 5.5 x 10(-4) to 1.5 x 10(-3). The (-)anti-cis enantiomer was more than twice as mutagenic as the (+)-enantiomer. All three possible base mutations were present, with the A-->G being the predominant one. No dramatic differences in replication fidelity were found when the adducts were placed on the leading versus the lagging strand of the vector.
Impact of somatic mutations on recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): results from the Japan Molecular Epidemiology for lung cancer study (JME). (2018)

8549 Background: We previously reported molecular profiling as a primary endpoint in a prospective multicenter molecular epidemiology study, collecting 876 surgically resected NSCLC and examining 72-gene somatic mutation status using the next-generation sequencing (JME study; Kawaguchi T, J Clin Oncol 2016). The secondary endpoint was OS and RFS analysis (UMIN 000008177). Here, we report follow-up data and clinical outcomes in the JME study and the impact of somatic mutations on RFS and OS. Methods: All the patients were enrolled from July 2012 to December 2013, and clinical and prognostic data were obtained until the end of November 2017. Cox proportional hazards model were applied to assess the impact of the gene mutations on RFS and OS, considering gender, smoking history, age, stage, histology, history of adjuvant chemotherapy, EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and number of coexisting mutations. Results: Median follow up time was 48.4 months, and 876 patients were analyzed: 419 were men; 734 were non-squamous carcinoma; 441 had smoking history; 450 were ≥70 years; 618/131/127 were stage I/II/III-IV, 309 received the adjuvant chemotherapy. Among these, 141 had ≥ two somatic mutations. Multivariate analysis showed the number of coexisting mutations (≥2 vs. 0 or 1, HR = 1.643, 95%CI: 1.126-2.373), age (≥70 vs. < 70, HR = 1.561, 95%CI: 1.201-2.035) and pathological stage (II vs. I, HR = 3.103, 95%CI: 2.217-4.304; ≥III vs. I, HR = 6.382, 95%CI: 4.641-8.758) were significantly associated with RFS, while in OS, EGFR mutations (yes vs. no, HR = 0.450, 95%CI: 0.277-0.715), adjuvant chemotherapy (yes vs. no, HR = 0.493, 95%CI: 1.406-2.967), age (≥70 vs. < 70, HR = 1.694, 95%CI: 1.201-2.415) and pathological stage (II vs. I, HR = 2.448, 95%CI: 1.581-3.723; ≥III vs. I, HR = 6.601, 95%CI: 4.498-9.665) were also significant prognostic factors. Conclusions: Our prospective study showed less number of coexisting mutations, earlier stage and younger age were associated with longer RFS, while in OS, EGFR mutation and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with improved OS as well as earlier stage and younger age in resected NSCLC.
In-situ microscopy of front and rear side ablation processes in alkali aluminosilicate glass using ultra short pulsed laser radiation (2017)

S.28478-28488
Advances in In-Line Particle Size Analysis in the Fines Outlet of an Air Classifier (1997)

ABSTRACT Deflector wheel classifiers are well known for their stable operation over long periods; however, in-line particle size analysis enables detection of short term fluctuations in the product fineness. Product fineness is monitored continuously in-stream, without sample splitting and virtually without delay; any changes in the fineness during classifier operation can be detected immediately. The results demonstrate the importance of controlling the feed rate to the classifier.
Stimulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator expression by retinoic acid in human endothelial cells requires retinoic acid receptor beta 2 induction (1996)

We previously showed the involvement of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) in the induction of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) synthesis by RA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the rather slow onset of this induction of t-PA synthesis suggested an indirect role of RAR alpha. Here, we show that the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide completely blocks the induction of t-PA by RA, which points to the need of an intermediary protein in t-PA stimulation. This intermediary protein is likely to be RAR beta 2 on the basis of the following findings: (1) the induction of RAR beta by RA exactly precedes that of t-PA; (2) HUVECs with elevated RAR beta mRNA levels show an undelayed t-PA induction on stimulation with RA, and this response can be almost completely inhibited with an RAR antagonist; and (3) an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against the translation initiation site of RAR beta 2 mRNA greatly reduces the t-PA induction by RA. Thus, induction of t-PA by RA in HUVECs involves a 2-step mechanism requiring induction of RAR beta 2 via RAR alpha, followed by induction of t-PA synthesis via RAR beta 2. Each of these steps is shown to have a different activation profile with RA and 9 cis RA.