gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introducing deformable surfaces to segment 3D images and infer differential Introducing deformable surfaces to segment 3D images and infer differential structures (1991)

In this paper, we introduce a really 3-D deformable model, which evolves in true 3-D images, un der the action of internaI forces (describing some elasticity properties of the surface), and external forces attracting the surface toward some detected edgels. Our formalism leads to the minimization of an energy which is expressed as a functional. We use a variational approach and a finite element method to actually express the surface in a discrete basis of continuous functions. This leads to a reduced computational complexity and a better numerical stability. The power of the approach to segment 3-D images is demonstrated by a set of experimental results on various complex medical 3-D images. Another contribution of this approach is the possibility to infer easily the differential structure of the segmented surface. As we end-up with an analytical description of class Coo of the surface almost everywhere, t.his allows to compute for instance its first and second fundamcntal forms. From this, one can ext.ract a curvature primaI sketch of the surface, including sorne intrinsic features like parabolic lines, extrema of curvatures, umbilic points etc ... , which can be uscd as landmarks for 3-D image interpretation.
Redox Behavior of Rhodium 9,10-Phenanthrenediimine Complexes (2010)

New square-planar rhodium complexes of the redox-active ligand 9,10-phenenthrenediimine (phdi) have been prepared and studied. The complexes [dpp-nacnac(CH3)]Rh(phdi) (2a; [dpp-nacnac(CH3)](-) = CH[C(Me)(N-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))](2)(-)) and [dpp-nacnac(CF3)]Rh(phdi) (2b; [dpp-nacnac(CF3)](-) = CH[C(CF(3))(N-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))](2)(-)) have been prepared from the corresponding [nacnac]Rh(CO)(2) synthons by treatment with Me(3)NO in the presence of the phdi ligand. Complexes 2a and 2b are diamagnetic, and their absorption spectra are dominated by intense charge-transfer transitions throughout the visible region. Electrochemical studies indicate that both the phdi ligand and the rhodium metal center are redox-active, with the [nacnac](-) ligands serving to modulate the one-electron-oxidation and -reduction redox potentials. In the case of 2a, chemical oxidation and reduction reactions provided access to the one-electron-oxidized cation, [2a](+), and one-electron-reduced anion, [2a](-), the latter of which has been characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Solution electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of [2a](+) and [2a](-) are consistent with S = (1)/(2) spin systems, but surprisingly the low-temperature spectrum of [2a](-) shows a high degree of rhombicity, suggestive of rhodium(II) character in the reduced anion.
A Putative ABC Transporter Permease Is Necessary for Resistance to Acidified Nitrite and EDTA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Aerobic and Anaerobic Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions (2016)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an important airway pathogen of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive disease patients. Multiply drug resistant PA is becoming increasing prevalent and new strategies are needed to combat such insidious organisms. We have previously shown that a mucoid, mucA22 mutant PA is exquisitely sensitive to acidified nitrite ([Formula: see text], pH 6.5) at concentrations that are well tolerated in humans. Here, we used a transposon mutagenesis approach to identify PA mutants that are hypersensitive to [Formula: see text]. Among greater than 10,000 mutants screened, we focused on PA4455, in which the transposon was found to disrupt the production of a putative cytoplasmic membrane-spanning ABC transporter permease. The PA4455 mutant was not only highly sensitive to [Formula: see text], but also the membrane perturbing agent, EDTA and the antibiotics doxycycline, tigecycline, colistin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Treatment of bacteria with [Formula: see text] plus EDTA, however, had the most dramatic and synergistic effect, with virtually all bacteria killed by 10 mM [Formula: see text], and EDTA (1 mM, aerobic, anaerobic). Most importantly, the PA4455 mutant was also sensitive to [Formula: see text] in biofilms. [Formula: see text] sensitivity and an anaerobic growth defect was also noted in two mutants (rmlC and wbpM) that are defective in B-band LPS synthesis, potentially indicating a membrane defect in the PA4455 mutant. Finally, this study describes a gene, PA4455, that when mutated, allows for dramatic sensitivity to the potential therapeutic agent, [Formula: see text] as well as EDTA. Furthermore, the synergy between the two compounds could offer future benefits against antibiotic resistant PA strains.
Effect of Mixed and Single Crops on Disease Suppressiveness of Soils (2005)

ABSTRACT The effect of mixed cropping on disease suppressiveness of soils was tested for two cropping systems, Brussels sprouts-barley and triticale-white clover. Disease suppressiveness of field soils was evaluated in bioassays for the soilborne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini, and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. For both cropping systems, mixed cropping did not enhance disease suppressiveness of the soils. In some cases, soil cropped to barley alone was significantly more suppressive to F. oxysporum f. sp. lini than soils cropped to Brussels sprouts or the mixture of Brussels sprouts and barley. Analyses of the diversity of the indigenous bacterial and fungal microflora by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S- and 18S-rDNA fragments, respectively, revealed, in most cases, no significant differences between mixed and mono-cropped soils. In conclusion, in this study, mixed cropping of soils with Brussels sprouts and barley or with triticale and white clover did not enhance microbial diversity or disease suppressiveness of soils to three different soilborne plant pathogens.
Quantifying Siting Difficulty: A Case Study of U.S. Transmission Line Siting (2006)

The worldwide demand for new energy infrastructures has been paralleled in recent years by the increasing difficulty of siting major facilities. Siting difficulty is the subject of widespread discussion, but because of the complexity of the problem, potential solutions are not obvious or well understood. This paper presents a two-step policy-level framework that first develops an empirical measure of siting difficulty and then quantitatively assesses its major causes. The approach is based on the creation and aggregation of four siting indicators that are independent of the common causes and localized effects of siting problems. The proposed framework is demonstrated for the case of U.S. transmission line siting. Results of the analyses reveal significant variations in state siting difficulty and industry experts’ perceptions of its dominant causes, with implications for the long-term success of Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) and knowledge transfer among siting professionals in the deregulated industry.
Use of Digital Imaging Methods to Assess Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity (2011)

This study explores the application of two-dimensional digital image processing and video imagery analysis as methods to estimate pavement marking retroreflectivity. A sample of white, waterborne paint pavement markings were applied on an asphalt pavement at an outdoor test and the application process was recorded using a high-speed video camera attached to the paint truck. Several glass bead kinematic descriptors were collected during this process, and it was found that the true impact angle and the horizontal and vertical components of the bead speed were associated with pavement marking retroreflectivity. Sample test plates of the pavement markings were prepared during the application process. These samples were weathered for one year and subjected to more than one million accelerated traffic passes. The percentage of glass beads covering the sample tests plates were assessed using a digital image processing algorithm and compared to the retroreflectivity measured on the markings applied to the test track. It was found that bead coverage was associated with pavement marking retroreflectivity in the weathering and accelerated wear tests. Collectively, the high-speed video and two-dimensional image processing methods appear to offer laboratory tests to evaluate pavement marking durability and visibility.
The value of nuclear DNA and texture analysis by digital image processing in the diagnosis of lipomatous and leiomyomatous tumours. (1996)

The present study investigates whether the quantitative chromatin pattern description carried out by means of the digital cell image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei can contribute valuable diagnostic information on sarcomas. A series of 77 soft tissue tumours was consequently studied. This series included 9 benign lipomas versus 26 malignant liposarcomas and 26 benign leiomyomas versus 16 malignant leiomyosarcomas. Of the 26 liposarcomas, 14 were primary and 12 recurrent tumours. Of the 16 leiomyosarcomas, 13 were primary and three recurrent tumours. The results show that the combined use of principal-components analysis and the discriminant analyses of digital data obtained by means of the computer-assisted microscope analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei made it possible to obtain a clear-cut distinction between the three histopathological groups relating to the lipoma/liposarcoma group of soft tumours. In contrast, while a clear-cut distinction could be made between the recurrent leiomyosarcomas and the primary leiomyosarcomas, such a distinction was not possible between the benign leiomyomas and the malignant primary leiomyosarcomas. This feature, along with previous ones obtained through DNA ploidy level determination, suggests to us that leiomyomas, or at least some of them, are in the process of malignant transformation. In other words, leiomyomas might be the pre-malignant counterpart of leiomyosarcomas, a feature that the present results do not suggest for lipomas versus liposarcomas.
A Support-Based Reconstruction for SENSE MRI (2013)

A novel, rapid algorithm to speed up and improve the reconstruction of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) MRI was proposed in this paper. The essence of the algorithm was that it iteratively solved the model of simple SENSE on a pixel-by-pixel basis in the region of support (ROS). The ROS was obtained from scout images of eight channels by morphological operations such as opening and filling. All the pixels in the FOV were paired and classified into four types, according to their spatial locations with respect to the ROS, and each with corresponding procedures of solving the inverse problem for image reconstruction. The sensitivity maps, used for the image reconstruction and covering only the ROS, were obtained by a polynomial regression model without extrapolation to keep the estimation errors small. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method improves the reconstruction of SENSE in terms of speed and accuracy. The mean square errors (MSE) of our reconstruction is reduced by 16.05% for a 2D brain MR image and the mean MSE over the whole slices in a 3D brain MRI is reduced by 30.44% compared to those of the traditional methods. The computation time is only 25%, 45%, and 70% of the traditional method for images with numbers of pixels in the orders of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5)-10(7), respectively.
Measurements of Cavity-Length-Dependent Internal Differential Quantum Efficiency and Internal Optical Loss in Laser Diodes (2008)

We measured the cavity length dependence of the internal differential quantum efficiency ηint and the internal optical loss αint in 1500-nm-wavelength laser diodes (LDs). By evaluating αint directly from gain/absorption spectra for various injection current densities and measuring the external differential quantum efficiency ηext, we obtained the ηint and αint values of all the LDs with different cavity lengths. The obtained ηint and αint respectively showed strong and weak cavity length dependences, and were both very different from those derived by the widely used method of plotting ηext-1 against the cavity length.
Effect of feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with a negative cation-anion difference diet on calcium and vitamin D status of periparturient cows and their calves (2015)

Holstein cows (>1 gestation) were fed 1 of 3 diets during the last 13 d of gestation (ranged from 22 to 7 d). The control diet (16 cows) was formulated to provide 18,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 and had a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of 165mEq/kg (DCAD=Na + K - Cl - S). The second diet (DCAD + D) provided the same amount of vitamin D3 but had a DCAD of -139mEq/kg (17 cows). The third diet (DCAD + 25D) had no supplemental vitamin D3 but provided 6mg/d of 25-(OH) vitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] with a DCAD of -138mEq/kg (20 cows). Diets were fed until parturition and then all cows were fed a common lactation diet that contained vitamin D3. Negative DCAD diets reduced urine pH, with the greatest decrease occurring with the DCAD + D treatment. Urinary Ca excretion was greatest for cows fed DCAD + 25D followed by cows fed DCAD + D. Urinary pH was negatively correlated with urinary excretion of Ca for cows fed DCAD + D. No such correlation was observed with the DCAD + 25D treatment because substantial excretion of urinary Ca occurred at moderate urinary pH values for that treatment. Cows fed DCAD + 25D had greater serum concentrations of 25-(OH)D3 than other treatments from 5 d after supplementation started through 7 d in milk. Concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in serum were greatest in DCAD + 25D cows starting at 2 d before calving and continued through 7 d in milk. Serum Ca concentrations 5 d before calving were greatest for cows fed DCAD + 25D, but at other time points before and after parturition treatment did not affect serum Ca. Incidence of clinical hypocalcemia was not statistically different between treatments, but cows fed DCAD + 25 had the highest incidence rate (12.5, 0, and 20% for control, DCAD + D, and DCAD + 25D). Calves born from cows fed DCAD + 25D had greater concentrations of 25-(OH)D3 in serum at birth than calves from other treatments (before colostrum consumption), but concentrations were similar by 3 d of age. Concentrations of 25-(OH)D3 in colostrum and transition milk were increased by feeding DCAD + 25D, but by 28 d in milk treatment effects no longer existed. Overall, feeding 25-OH vitamin D with a negative DCAD diet increased vitamin D status of the cow and her newborn calf but had minimal effects on calcium status and did not have positive effects on the incidence of hypocalcemia.
Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (2017)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01132495.
Association of domain-specific physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in two population-based cohort studies (2018)

Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk for mortality. Whether the beneficial effects of PA are domain specific is unclear. We associated leisure time (LTPA), sports (SPA) and work (WPA) related PA and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with all-cause mortality in two German population-based cohorts. We used data of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP, n = 2,935, median age 53; 48% male) and the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle study (CARLA, n = 1,776, median age 64 and 54% male). Mortality was determined after a median follow-up of 8.2 years in SHIP (n = 332) and 11.5 years in CARLA (n = 409). LTPA (SHIP: hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation [SD] 0.82 95%-CI 0.73 to 0.91 and CARLA: HR per SD 0.70: 95%-CI 0.59 to 0.82) and SPA (SHIP: HR per SD 0.80 95%-CI 0.71 to 0.91 and CARLA: HR per SD 0.70 95%-CI 0.60 to 0.82) but not WPA were inversely associated with all-cause mortality. In a subsample CRF was inversely related to mortality and positively to LTPA and sports SPA. No association was found for WPA. Our results may suggest that the inverse association between PA and mortality are partly influenced by higher CRF.
<title>Precision trackpoint control via correlation track referenced to simulated imagery</title> (1992)

A number of tracking and pointing applications require extremely precise referencing of the optical line of sight (LOS) relative to some small portion of the vehicle to be tracked. Since the referencing must be performed in a vehicle fixed coordinate system and the optical image is degraded due to disturbances such as atmospheric blurring, sensor noise, and diffraction, the referencing becomes quite difficult. These degradations, along with potentially coarse spatial quantization of the optical image [large pixel size driven by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) considerations], also limit the ability of a human operator to interact with the optical system in real time to control the LOS. Several concepts to determine the real-time LOS control (vehicle intensity moments, neural networks, optical correlators, etc.) have been suggested in past studies, but generally have proven insufficiently sensitive or too complex to implement in a real-time system. The preliminary concept presented here centers on using a correlation tracker combined with a precomputed image sequence as a straightforward means to maintain a precision LOS. The concept employs the high SNR image within the correlation tracker reference map to make the relatively low bandwidth LOS corrections required. The corrections are determined by correlation of the tracker reference map imagery with a precomputed image sequence and thus provide the accuracy associated with the high SNR map image and high SNR precomputed image sequences. [The satellite tracking problem provides the tracker with viewing/aspect angle geometry, which is generally deterministic, within the uncertainty bounds of ephemeris and satellite attitude information, and thus stimulates the use of precomputed (simulated) imagery.] The precomputed image sequence provides the LOS control through registration of the desired vehicle fixed coordinate on the image with a fiducial point on the image array. We will discuss the theoretical basis, potential advantages, implementation, and performance [as determined by Time-Domain Analysis Simulation for Advanced Tracking (TASAT)] of the concept.
1765: Outcome after Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer with Disease Freedom Defined by an Undetectable PSA Compared with Nadir Plus 2 (2007)

Differences in the biochemical control rate using two PSA failure definitions in prostate cancer patients (pts) undergoing permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) is investigated as a function of biologically equivalent dose (BED).
Aging in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys: I. Passive joint excursion (1983)

In order to describe ontogenetic change in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys, 126 Macaca mulatta from Cayo Santiago, ranging in age from 7 months to 21 years, were examined under anesthesia. Passive joint excursions were measured at the wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, and knee. Mean ranges of excursion at these joints differed significantly between age groups and by sex. The potential for most movements appeared to decrease approximately 25 degrees over the first two decades of the macaque life span, and males generally showed less potential for movement than females in all age groups. These results are similar to those obtained for humans and are consistent with patterns of positional behavior, trauma, and osteoarthritis observed in this rhesus monkey population. Thus, to fully describe the locomotor strategy of rhesus monkeys, age- and sex-related variation in locomotor anatomy and functional capacity must be considered.
Lossy source coding with sparse graph codes: A variational formulation of soft decimation (2010)

Various authors have obtained state-of-the-art results in lossy source coding by applying algorithms based on a combination of message-passing and decimation to low-density generator matrix codes, but to date, theoretical understanding of these procedures has been limited. We show that certain forms of soft decimation can be understood as iterative procedures for attempting to maximize a cost function of the node biases. This variational characterization allows us to exhibit appropriate choices of stepsize that ensure convergence to a fixed point, and to provide guarantees on the distortion of the encoding obtained from the fixed point for the case of symmetric Bernoulli sources. Our analysis applies to both an oracle form of soft decimation, in which exact marginals can be computed, and a practical form based on the (reweighted) sum-product algorithm.
A mechanistic radiographic and biologic phase II single-agent study of sunitinib in relapsed/refractory esophageal (E) and gastroesophageal (GE) cancers. (2010)

e14650 Background: There is no established standard for patients (pts) with advanced refractory E or GE cancer. Given the scientific evidence supporting the development of strategies targeting angiogenesis in these cancers we performed a prospective study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in pts with refractory/relapsed E and GE cancers. Our study includes hybrid imaging protocol using PET/CT/3T-MRI and other angiogenic markers to help predict for early response or resistance to sunitinib. Methods: Eligibility criteria include advanced E or GE cancer, PS 0-1, adequate organ function and no significant cardiac disease. The primary endpoint is PFS at 24 weeks (wk) using RECIST criteria. Using a single stage Fleming phase II design, enrollment of 25 pts was planned. Pts received sunitinib at 37.5 mg PO daily continuously. In addition to staging CT scans pts get PET/CT/3T-MRI, serum VEGF, VEGFR-1, -2 and PlGF measurement at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 wks as well as tumor biopsy before and 6 wk post treatment to assess the mean vessel density. Results: 11 pts were enrolled at The Ohio State University so far. Median age was 60 yrs (range 38-75). 11/11 pts had metastatic disease at baseline. 11/11 pts received prior therapy. 9/11 pts had > 1 prior chemotherapy, 7/10 had prior radiation and 6/10 had prior surgery. 1 pt had partial response at 12 wk and 3 pts had SD. The median time to progression is 45 days. Grade 3 AE's included: lymphopenia (3), lower GI bleeding (1) and fatigue (1). Grade 1/2 AEs included fatigue, AST elevation, leucopenia, nausea and dysgeusia. There was an upward trend in both VEGF and PlGF levels and downward trend in the VEGFR and contrast enhancement, illustrated by low Amp on 3T Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI and low SUV on PET/CTfrom baseline to wk 2 measurements. Conclusions: Preliminary analysis suggests sunitinib is safe with evidence of interesting activity in previously treated relapsed/refractory E and GE cancer pts. Preliminary PET/CT/3T-MRI data suggests a role for this modality in predicting early progression on sunitinib. Accrual is ongoing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer