gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles and practice of hybrid pH sensors. (1985)

The fundamental questions underlying the performance and stability of any form of microelectronic ion-selective electrode are (i) the nature of the sensing mechanisms occurring at the electrode-test solution interface, i. e. the active surface and, (ii) the nature of the electronic and electrochemical processes involved in transmitting a change in potential at an active surface to the required electronics, i. e. the total transducing function. The crucial process requiring investigation is that which occurs at the interface between the ion-selective material, and in the case of hybrid type devices, the metal "back contact". This is particularly important when using materials such as pH-glasses which respond and conduct electricity by ionic mechanisms. Fabrication details and procedures for thick-film pH sensors based on commercially available Corning 015 glass, were devised and are reported. Empirical studies evaluating their responses are detailed and the accompanying relevant theoretical treatments are included. Variations in sensitivities are categorised in terms of manufacturing parameters. Evaluation of the electrode processes for a variety of different electrical contacts was studied by a. c. impedance techniques. Activation energies for the principle processes were obtained and equivalent circuits proposed, based on the a. c. measurements. Incorporated within the different electrical contacts used were several systems which attempted to mimic in solid form the reversible system of a conventional pH-glass electrode.
Hyperglycemia (1988)

Hyperglycemia and glycosuria are known to occur in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia and treated with L-asparaginase and prednisone for induction therapy. Although these complications are uncommon, they can have a major impact on the treatment of the patient. Nurses providing care for these patients have a vital role in the detection, management, and education of the patient and family. This article provides current information on etiology, risk factors, and patient management of drug-induced diabetes for pediatric patients with leukemia. Early diagnosis, management, and extensive education promote control of this secondary disease and prevent further complications.
Reconfigurable VLSI architecture for FFT processor (2009)

This paper presents a reusable intellectual property (IP) Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC)-based split-radix fast Fourier transform (FFT) core for orthogonal frequency division multiplexer (OFDM) systems, for example, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T), Very High Bitrate DSL (VHDSL), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). The high-speed 128/256/512/1024/2048/4096/8192-point FFT processors and programmable FFT processor have been implemented by 0.18µm (1p6m) at 1.8V, in which all the control signals are generated internally. These FFT processors outperform the conventional ones in terms of both power consumption and core area.
Nuclear Energy – Knowledge Base for Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NE-KAMS) Code Verification and Validation Data Standards and Requirements: Fluid Dynamics Version 1.0 (2011)

V&V and UQ are the primary means to assess the accuracy and reliability of M&S and, hence, to establish confidence in M&S. Though other industries are establishing standards and requirements for the performance of V&V and UQ, at present, the nuclear industry has not established such standards or requirements. However, the nuclear industry is beginning to recognize that such standards are needed and that the resources needed to support V&V and UQ will be very significant. In fact, no single organization has sufficient resources or expertise required to organize, conduct and maintain a comprehensive V&V and UQ program. What is needed is a systematic and standardized approach to establish and provide V&V and UQ resources at a national or even international level, with a consortium of partners from government, academia and industry. Specifically, what is needed is a structured and cost-effective knowledge base that collects, evaluates and stores verification and validation data, and shows how it can be used to perform V&V and UQ, leveraging collaboration and sharing of resources to support existing engineering and licensing procedures as well as science-based V&V and UQ processes. The Nuclear Energy Knowledge base for Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NE-KAMS) is being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory in conjunction with Bettis Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, Utah State University and others with the objective of establishing a comprehensive and web-accessible knowledge base to provide V&V and UQ resources for M&S for nuclear reactor design, analysis and licensing. The knowledge base will serve as an important resource for technical exchange and collaboration that will enable credible and reliable computational models and simulations for application to nuclear power. NE-KAMS will serve as a valuable resource for the nuclear industry, academia, the national laboratories, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the public and will help ensure the safe, economical and reliable operation of existing and future nuclear reactors.
A New Wireless Architecture for In-Flight Entertainment Systems Inside Aircraft Cabin (2011)

Abstract—A primary difficulty when investigating communication requirements rises when a very specific field as an aircraft cabin is considered. The diverse needs of passengers are often incompatible to the strict constraints inside the cabin. Nowadays, In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) systems, for instance, are widely spread in modern flights. An IFE system usually consists of a Seat Electronic Box, the passengers terminal hardware, plus a Passengers Control Unit, the remote control to select the service, and a Visual Display Unit, the screen. Using the wireless technology in these systems can increase the satisfaction level of both the passengers and the avionics companies. However, the inside of the cabin is not a flexible environment; reliability and safety are two mandatory requirements, so different constrains are imposed. This means that off-shelf technologies (hardware including antennas, network topology, network protocols and services) are usually not suitable for such environment. Consequently, a new architecture has to be designed and implemented. This paper aims at integrating heterogeneous available communication technologies, showing their pros and cons, within this context, while considering the imposed communication restrictions inside the aircrafts cabin. From that, a new wireless heterogeneous architecture is proposed. In addition, to be able to use such architecture, we propose a new protocol, which utilizes the smart antennas technology to allow Passenger Control Units to be recognized and configured autonomously without any external intervention. Keywords-IFE system, Wireless networks, PLC, Smart antenna,
Automatic Reconnection From Intentional Islanding Based on Remote Sensing of Voltage and Frequency Signals (2012)

This paper presents a control strategy for automatic reconnection of a microgrid after an intentional islanding. Remote signals of voltage and frequency at both sides of the coupling circuit breaker are communicated to the generating site, and used as additional signals to the voltage and speed control loops, respectively. The proposed automation strategy is simulated on a real MW-scale microgrid located at a rural area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and supplied by two small hydro synchronous generators. The results show that a smooth reconnection of the microgrid to the utility grid can be achieved when the proposed automation is utilized.
A high-gain multimode dielectric-coated rectangular horn antenna (1978)

A broadband high-gain dielectric-coated horn antenna operating in two orthogonal TE10+TE/TM12 and TE01 + TE/TM21 mode sets to generate circularly polarized elliptical shaped beam is described. The aperture E-field distribution can be tapered by virtue of the higher order TE/TM modes to cause the E-plane far-field beamwidth approximately equal to H-plane beamwidth of the other orthogonal set of modes, resulting in low off-axis polarization axial ratio. Because of the tapered aperture field distribution, the radiation patterns will also have low sidelobe levels. The radiation characteristics together with the on-axis gain of the antenna are derived from an electric vector potential on the basis of the vector diffraction formula. Analytical results are established in good agreement with experimental results on radiation pattern and gain measurements. This antenna which can be used as a communication satellite antenna to illuminate efficiently an elliptical zone on the earth surface will offer better directivity, high on-axis gain, low sidelobe levels and low cost.
Heterocyclic 1,3,4-oxadiazole as columnar core (2002)

Abstract The synthesis, characterization and mesomorphic properties of a new type of liquid crystalline compound, the 2,5-bis(3,4,5-trialkoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 3a-3h, are reported. These heterocyclic compounds are derived from unsaturated 1,3,4-oxadiazole as the core group, and obtained by the condensation reaction of 3,4,5-trialkoxybenzoic acid N-(3,4,5-trialkoxybenzoyl)-hydrazides and phosphorus oxychloride in toluene under reflux. All compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The mesomorphic properties of these and the related compounds 1, 2 were characterized and studied by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. The formation of columnar mesophases was found to be dependent on the numbers of alkoxy sidechains. The compounds 3 exhibited hexagonal columnar (Colh) phases, however compounds 1, 2 formed crystalline phases. Compounds 3b-3e with shorter carbon chains were room temperature liquid crystals. Polar induction by nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms on the heterocyclic core ring might be responsible for the formation and better observed mesomorphic properties in this type of compound.
[Application of evidence-based medicine in clinical teaching of orthopedic surgery]. (2007)

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is different from traditional medicine in that the practice of EBM comes from evidence and experience of the doctors. The objective evidence plays a key role in clinical practice. During the clinical teaching process, the following steps should be taken: firstly, the students should find a problem in their clinical practice; then, they should search for the evidence with the help of their teachers, evaluate the evidence, apply the evidence to the clinical practice, and solve the problem; finally, they should evaluate the effectiveness. An introduction of the principles and methods of EBM to the clinical practice can greatly improve the students' ability to analyze and solve a clinical problem.
LINKED DATA MEETS ONTOLOGY MATCHING - Enhancing Data Linking through Ontology Alignments (2011)

The Web of data consists of publishing data on the Web in such a way that they can be connected together and interpreted.It is thus critical to establish links between these data, both for the Web of data and for the Semantic Web that it contributes to feed.We consider here the various techniques which have been developed for that purpose and analyze their commonalities and differences.This provides a general framework that the diverse data linking systems instantiate.From this framework we consider the relation between data linking and ontology matching activities.Although, they can be considered similar at a certain level (they both relate formal entities), they serve different purposes: one acts at the schema level and the other at the instance level.However, they would find a mutual benefit at collaborating.We thus present a scheme under which it is possible for data linking tools to take advantage of ontology alignments.We present the features of expressive alignment languages that allows linking specifications to reuse ontology alignments in a natural way.
Fungal Infection - Diagnosis and Management (1993)

Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infection 3. Antifungal Drugs 4. Dermatophytosis 5. Superficial Candidosis 6. Other Cutaneous Fungal Infections 7. Mould Infections of Nails 8. Keratomycosis 9. Otomycosis 10. Aspergillosis 11. Deep Candidosis 12. Cryptococcosis 13. Mucormycosis 14. Blastomycosis 15. Coccidioidomycosis 16. Histoplasmosis 17. Paracoccidioidomycosis 18. Chromoblastomycosis 19. Entomophthoramycosis 20. Lobomycosis 21. Mycetoma 22. Rhinosporidiosis 23. Sporotrichosis 24. Hyalohymphomycosis 25. Penicillum marneffei Infection 26. Phaeohyphomycosis 27. Uncommon Yeast Infections Select Bibliography Index
Introduction to Carburizing and Carbonitriding (2013)

Abstract Carburization is the process of intentionally increasing the carbon content of a steel surface so that a hardened case can be produced by martensitic transformation during quenching. Like carburizing, carbonitriding involves heating above the upper critical temperature to austenitize the steel. This article introduces the fundamentals, types, advantages and limitations, and the complications of various forms of carburizing, namely, pack carburizing, liquid carburizing or salt bath carburizing, gas carburizing, and low-pressure (vacuum) carburizing. The related process of carbonitriding is also briefly described in the article.
Engineering considerations pertaining to the use of GPS for single pass satellite SAR interferometer attitude measurement (1997)

Deficiencies in the terrain elevation measurement capabilities of repeat pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometer and a co-orbit twin satellite SAR interferometer can be eliminated by using a single pass SAR interferometer. A single pass SAR interferometer at 450 km altitude with SAR receiver antennas mounted on the ends of a 60 meter boom can produce terrain elevation data meeting Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) digital terrain elevation data (DTED) level 3 specification (i.e., ten meter posting and one to three meter LE-90 elevation precision) over 50 kilometer swaths. The system could provide global coverage within one year after IOC and high precision large area change detection and measurement with short revisit periods. Achievement of this performance requires that the error in knowledge of the SAR interferometer baseline tilt in the zero Doppler plane not exceed 6.6 micro-radians. This may be realized by using a GPS interferometer with GPS antennas rigidly mounted on the SAR antennas. The interferometer and other parts of the satellite must be placed so that the number of GPS signal reflections off surfaces and edges is minimized. Un-preventable reflected path signals can be suppressed by using GPS antenna arrays with adaptive null steering. A GPS signal simulator can be used to generate expected GPS signals and then processing may be used to extract interference form the signal.
Detection of Clostridium botulinum type G toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1981)

Clostridium botulinum type G toxin was detected and quantified readily with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. With the double-sandwich technique and alkaline phosphatase as the enzyme indicator, C. botulinum toxin type G was detected in quantities equaling those required for one mouse intraperitoneal median lethal dose. The time required for the procedure was approximately 6.5 h, but this requirement could have been reduced to 5.5 h or less with the use of precoated plates stored at -70 degrees C. Cross-reactions did not occur with culture extracts of C. sporogenes of C. botulinum types B, C, D, E, and F. Acidic preparations of C. botulinum type A exhibited nonspecific reactivity. Likewise, 50% of the C. subterminale isolates tested were cross-reactive in the assay. These latter isolates express similar metabolic and physiological characteristics with C. botulinum type G.
A fixed-point homotopy method for solving modified nodal equations (1999)

Recently, the application of homotopy methods to practical circuit simulation has been remarkably developed, and bipolar analog integrated circuits with more than 10 000 elements are now solved efficiently by the homotopy methods. There are several approaches to applying the homotopy methods to large-scale circuit simulation. One of them is combining the publicly available software package of the homotopy methods (such as HOMPACK) with the general-purpose circuit simulators such as SPICE. However, the homotopy method using the fixed-point (FP) homotopy (that is provided as a default in HOMPACK) is not guaranteed to converge for the modified nodal (MN) equations that are used in SPICE. In this paper, we propose a modified algorithm of the homotopy method using the FP homotopy and prove that this algorithm is globally convergent for the MN equations. We also show that the proposed algorithm converges to a stable operating point with high possibility from any initial point.
A randomized double blind, vehicle controlled bilateral comparison study of the efficacy and safety of finasteride 0.5% solution in combination with intense pulsed light in the treatment of facial hirsutism* (2012)

We have demonstrated that the addition of finasteride solution to IPL + RF hair removal may result in a more reduction of unwanted facial hair in women when the combination is used for up to 6 months.
Early Fruit Development in the Watermelon: Anatomical Comparison of Pollinated, Auxin-induced Parthenocarpic and Unpollinated Fruits (1977)

The anatomy of pollinated, auxin-induced parthenocarpic and unpollinated watermelon fruits was observed for nine days after flowering. Parthenocarpic fruits were larger and had higher fresh weight and percentage water than pollinated fruits at day 1 but the positions were reversed by day 9. Unpollinated fruits did not increase in size after day 3. Pericarp cells were small, of regular shape and showed no obvious change with either time or treatment. Cell number increased in the pollinated and parthenocarpic but not in the unpollinated fruits. Cells divided in the flesh of the parthenocarpic but not of the pollinated fruits which increased in size by cell enlargement only. Starch, present in the cells of the flesh and placenta at day 0 was absent from the unpollinated fruits at day 6. Ovules grew in both pollinated and parthenocarpic fruits largely due to cell division in the nucellus and integuments; the pollinated ovules were larger than the parthenocarpic throughout. Embryo and endosperm development occurred in the pollinated but not in the parthenocarpic ovules. Starch was present throughout the nine-day period in the integuments of the pollinated and parthenocarpic ovules but was lost from the integuments of the unpollinated ovules by day 6. Pollinated and parthenocarpic ovules contributed increasingly to fruit dry weight over the nine-day period. It is suggested that the ovule tissues, in particular the nucellus and integument may exert control over early development in both pollinated and parthenocarpic fruits.
A Secure Self-Destructing Scheme for Electronic Data (2010)

As more and more services and applications are emerging in the Internet, exposing user sensitive data in the Internet becomes more easily. The simplest way to protect the security of sensitive user data is to encrypt the data in advance, and then disclose the data decryption key only to those authorized users. However, the sensitive user data will be leaked while the decryption key is exposed to unauthorized users. In this paper, we propose a secure self-destructing scheme for electronic data (SSDD for short). We achieve this goal by first encrypting the data, and then distributing both the decryption key and a part of the cipher text into the distributed hash table (DHT) network. By security analysis, we show that our SSDD scheme can resist against not only the traditional cryptanalysis and the brute-force attacks, but also the attacks in the DHT network, such as the store sniffing attack, the lookup sniffing attack, and the standard DHT attacks.
A context-aware personalized travel recommendation system based on geotagged social media data mining (2012)

The proliferation of digital cameras and the growing practice of online photo sharing using social media sites such as Flickr have resulted in huge volumes of geotagged photos available on the Web. Based on users' traveling preferences elicited from their travel experiences exposed on social media sites by sharing geotagged photos, we propose a new method for recommending tourist locations that are relevant to users (i.e., personalization) in the given context (i.e., context awareness). We obtain user-specific travel preferences from his/her travel history in one city and use these to recommend tourist locations in another city. Our technique is illustrated on a sample of publicly available Flickr dataset containing photos taken in various cities of China. Results show that our context-aware personalized method is able to predict tourists' preferences in a new or unknown city more precisely and generate better recommendations compared to other state-of-the-art landmark recommendation methods.
Fabrication of Heteronanorod Structures by Dynamic Shadowing Growth (2008)

Multilayered heterogeneous one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures are important building blocks for nanodevice applications. A practical nanofabrication technique to produce heterogeneous nanostructures with arbitrary materials must have the ability to control the dimensions and uniformity, to control the alignment, and to control the interfacial properties of the heterogeneous nanostructures. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple but versatile method to fabricate three-dimensional (3-D) heterogeneous nanorod structures by multilayer dynamic shadowing growth (DSG). DSG is a process based on the geometric shadowing effect and substrate rotation in a physical vapor deposition system. By combining DSG and the sputtering technique, we successfully fabricated Au/Si matchstick nanorods which can further be developed as a novel biosensor for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) detection. By changing the source materials during the deposition, we demonstrate that complicated heterostructured nanorod arrays, such as Si/Ni multilayer nanosprings, can be easily produced, and they exhibit particular magnetic anisotropic behavior. We also use the DSG technique to coat a thin catalyst layer asymmetrically on the side of a nanorod backbone, and therefore design catalytic nanomotors with a variety of geometries capable of performing multiple desired motions in a fuel solution. This fabrication method reveals an optimistic step towards complex heteronanorod array design and fabrication.
Physics-based minority charge and transit time modeling for bipolar transistors (1999)

It has been well known for many years that the transit time model used in the SPICE Gummel-Poon model (SGPM) is not adequate for reliable design of circuits operating either at high current densities (including quasi-saturation), which is often the case in high-speed integrated circuits, or at low voltages, which is important for low-power applications. In addition, extraction of the SGPM's transit time model parameters is often very difficult and time consuming. Although various proposals for modeling the transit time were published in the past, most of them are not suited for compact transistor models required in circuit simulation from a numerical, parameter extraction and lateral scaling point of view. In this paper, a set of minority charge and transit time equations is derived which are physics-based and laterally scaleable as well as suitable for incorporation into compact models. Experimental results of the new model are presented in terms of transit time and transit frequency versus bias (I/sub C/, V/sub CE/), geometry, and temperature, showing excellent agreement for different types of silicon homojunction bipolar transistors.