gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platonic Gold Nanocrystals (2004)

Systematisch sich entwickelnde Formen von Goldnanokristallen mit Größen zwischen 100 und 300 nm traten bei einem modifizierten Polyolprozess auf. Durch Zugabe eines Oberflächen regulierenden Polymers und von Fremdionen sind die Formen Tetraeder, Würfel, Oktaeder und Ikosaeder („platonische Nanokristalle“, siehe Bild) einfach in hohen Ausbeuten und großer Einheitlichkeit zugänglich. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z54216_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adapted One-versus-All Decision Trees for Data Stream Classification (2008)

One versus all (OVA) decision trees learn k individual binary classifiers, each one to distinguish the instances of a single class from the instances of all other classes. Thus OVA is different from existing data stream classification schemes whose majority use multiclass classifiers, each one to discriminate among all the classes. This paper advocates some outstanding advantages of OVA for data stream classification. First, there is low error correlation and hence high diversity among OVA's component classifiers, which leads to high classification accuracy. Second, OVA is adept at accommodating new class labels that often appear in data streams. However, there also remain many challenges to deploy traditional OVA for classifying data streams. First, as every instance is fed to all component classifiers, OVA is known as an inefficient model. Second, OVA's classification accuracy is adversely affected by the imbalanced class distribution in data streams. This paper addresses those key challenges and consequently proposes a new OVA scheme that is adapted for data stream classification. Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence reveal that the adapted OVA can offer faster training, faster updating and higher classification accuracy than many existing popular data stream classification algorithms.
Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetate, and Lactate Levels After Alcohol Intake in White Men and Women: Effect of 4‐Methylpyrazole (2002)

The alcohol-induced elevation in blood acetate level is caused, in part, by ADH-mediated ethanol oxidation. Although no evidence was found for measurable acetaldehyde levels in the peripheral venous blood during alcohol intoxication, the effect of 4-MP on breath acetaldehyde in women supports the view that ADH-mediated acetaldehyde elevations reflected in the airways, but too low to be detected in the peripheral venous blood, may occur in women during alcohol intoxication in the present experimental conditions.
[Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into neural stem cells induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor via Wnt/β-catenin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinases signal pathway]. (2017)

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to differentiate into neural stem cells (NSCs) via Wnt/β-catenin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK/MAPK) signal pathways. <b>Methods:</b> iPSCs were cultured and identified. The iPSCs were induced to differentiate into NSCs by BDNF and retinoic acid (RA). Nestin was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry after iPSCs differentiated. The technique of small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence the gene expression of β-catenin and ERK, and iPSCs were divided into control group, BDNF group (adding 10 μg/L BDNF), siRNA-ERK/BDNF group (transfected with siRNA-ERK and adding 10 μg/L BDNF) and siRNA-β-catenin/BDNF group (transfected with siRNA-β-catenin and adding 10 μg/L BDNF). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of key elements of Wnt/β-catenin and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, included β-catenin, ERK1/2, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc. The least significant difference test was used when data were compared between groups. <b>Results:</b> The immunofluorescence showed that iPSCs expressed octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4), SRY-related HMG box protein-2 (Sox2) and Nanog genes. The flow cytometry showed that Nestin-positive cells were 78.7% for BDNF and 43.5% for RA, and it was only 7.8% for routine medium. Compared with those in the control group, the mRNA expression of β-catenin, ERK1/2, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc in the BDNF group were upregulated significantly (<i>t</i>=2.80, 2.318, 2.255, 1.799, 1.582, 1.663, all <i>P</i><0.05), and the same results were acquired with the protein expression (<i>t</i>=2.805, 2.318, 2.255, 1.799, 1.582, 1.663, all <i>P</i><0.050). Compared with those in BDNF group, the mRNA and protein expression of ERK1/2 in siRNA-ERK/BDNF group down-regulated obviously (<i>t</i>=1.917, 2.042, 1.673, 1.540, all <i>P</i><0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of c-fos and c-jun were down-regulated (<i>t</i>=1.022, 0.907, 0.848, 0.801, all <i>P</i><0.05). However, the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin and c-myc were not suppressed by siRNA-ERK (<i>t</i>=0.216, 0.185, 0.097, 0.112, all <i>P</i>>0.05). In siRNA-β-catenin/BDNF group, the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin and c-myc was obviously down-regulated when compared with those in BDNF group (<i>t</i>=3.104, 2.774, 2.235, 1.911, all <i>P</i><0.05), and expression of ERK1/2, c-fos and c-jun were down-regulated too (<i>t</i>=0.776-1.192, all <i>P</i><0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> BDNF promotes the differentiation of iPSCs by activating Wnt/β-catenin and ERK/MAPK signal pathway, there should be cross-talk between the two signal pathways, and c-fos and c-jun may be common nuclear transcription factors.
Una "Ensalada de Romances" impresa a Barcelona (1959)

Ram6n Men6ndez Pidal defineix les ensaladas de romances com a acomposiciones en las cuales se ensartaban, mas o menos ingeniosamente, versos sueltos de los romances mas conocidos por las gentesu.' N'esmenta fragments trets d'una d'impresa a Burgos, vers el i56o i d'una altra sobre el bandejament d'usurers de Madrid el 1578, en menciona una tercera sobre els aldarulls de Lisboa de 1579-80 i descriu la burlesca Vida del estudiante pobre impresa a Valladolid el 1593.2La nostra que donem m6s avall procedeix de Barcelona, on fou impresa el 16o6.' Sembla que val la pena de reproduir-la, perque cont6 alguns versos no identificats que semblen romances viel .os, aixi coin tamb6 perque illustra la reacci6 popular davant certs fets d'aquella famosa ciutat.Al Museu Britanic hi ha un volum que cont6 una collecci6 de trentacinc fulls volants castellans i catalans, tots estampats a Barcelona abans del 1613.Els del segle xvi, naturalment, ja es troben inclosos al Shorttitle Catalogue de Sir Henry Thomas.' Un o dos d'ells, peril no pas tots, son esmentats per Palau.' Aquests fulls populars es refereixen principalment a fets d'interes local : mort de criminals, narracib de batalles o desastres navals, viatges reials, la canonitzacib de Sant Ramon de Penyafort, pero hi ha tambb unes quantes imitacions a to divino i composicions miscellanies.Entre els fulls de cartcter local, n'hi ha sis, tots datats el 16o6, que tracten d'una organitzacio anomenada la Uni6, fundada per combatre el crim a Barcelona i a altres llocs.Tots aquests son en quart i tenen
Diels-Alder Polymerization of AB-Monomers Containing Benzocyclobutene and Alkyne Units (1986)

A novel class of aromatic imide AB-monomers with benzocyclobutene and an alkyne (primarily phenylethynyl group) as the reactive units have been prepared. The monomers have been utilized in the thermally induced Diels-Alder polymerizations. The differential scanning calorimetric study of the aforementioned AB-monomers provided two observations: (1) primary acetylene began its homo-polymerization (202 C max.) before the electrocyclic ring-opening of benzocyclobutene (270 C max.) (2) the phenoxy group connecting between phenylacetylenyl group and the aromatic imide fragment suppressed polymerization in Diels Alder fashion. Furthermore, thermoxidative stability evaluation on the cured samples (250 C for 8 hrs and then 350 C for another 8 hrs, under nitrogen atmosphere), carried out at 650 F (air) for 200 hrs, indicated the more rigid phenylethynyl phthalimide system was the most heat-resistant. Keywords: Butenes, Polymers, High Temperature, Imides, AB-Monomers.
Synthesis of a 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-Diazonium Perfluoroalkyl Benzenesuflonylimide (PFSI) Zwitterionic Monomer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (2014)

In order to achieve a more stable and highly proton conducting membrane that is also cost effective, the perfluoroalkyl benzenesulfonylimides (PFSI) polymers are proposed as electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-diazonium perfluoro-3, 6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene benzenesulfonyl imide (I) is synthesized from Nafion monomer via a 5-step schematic reaction at optimal reaction conditions. This diazonium PFSI zwitterionic monomer can be further subjected to polymerization. The loss of the diazonium N2+ functional group in the monomer is believed to form the covalent bond between the PFSI polymer electrolyte and carbon electrodes support. All the intermediates and final products were characterized using 1H NMR, 19F NMR and IR spectrometry.
Binding of the third Na<sup>+</sup> ion to the cytoplasmic side of the Na,K‐ATPase is electrogenic (1999)

A new experimental setup was constructed to allow parallel measurements of total internal reflection fluorescence and of capacitance changes in Na,K-ATPase-containing membranes. Effects correlated with cytoplasmic sodium binding to Na,K-ATPase were investigated. Ion binding-induced fluorescence changes of the electrochromic dye RH421 in membrane fragments adsorbed on a transparent capacitative electrode corresponded perfectly to capacitance increases detected by a lock-in technique. From these electric measurements it was possible to estimate a dielectric coefficient of about 0.25 for the electrogenic binding of the third Na+ ion. Binding of K+ to cytoplasmic sites was electroneutral.
Housing in Montana: Not for Adults Only (1986)

Housing in Montana: Not for Adults Only
Engineering chimeric antigen receptor-T cells for cancer treatment (2018)

Intratumor heterogeneity of tumor clones and an immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancer ecosystems contribute to inherent difficulties for tumor treatment. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been successfully applied in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, underscoring its great potential in antitumor therapy. However, functional challenges of CAR-T cell therapy, especially in solid tumors, remain. Here, we describe cancer-immunity phenotypes from a clonal-stromal-immune perspective and elucidate mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion that contribute to tumor immune evasion. Then we assess the functional challenges of CAR-T cell therapy, including cell trafficking and infiltration, targeted-recognition and killing of tumor cells, T-cell proliferation and persistence, immunosuppressive microenvironment and self-control regulation. Finally, we delineate tumor precision informatics and advancements in engineered CAR-T cells to counteract inherent challenges of the CAR-T cell therapy, either alone or in combination with traditional therapeutics, and highlight the therapeutic potential of this approach in future tumor precision treatment.
Authentication, authorization, and accounting real-time secondary market services (2005)

With the explosion of demand for wireless communication services, scarcity of spectrum poses a great challenge to wireless networking. However, recent field measurements show that a significant percentage of spectrum is under-utilized . To address this problem, the research community introduced the concept of real-time secondary markets, where licensees are allowed to temporarily lease the spectrum unused by the primary users to secondary users. To support this new service, an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) mechanism must be in place to enable the licensees and secondary users to trade spectrum in a real-time manner. In this paper, we present an AAA system architecture, and propose a set of mechanisms to authenticate and authorize secondary users, synchronize multiple secondary devices, and manage real-time secondary market services.
<title>Query vector projection access method</title> (1998)

We present a new multidimensional access method for querying by similarity in databases of high-dimensional vectors. The query vector projection access method (QVPAM) addresses the shortcomings of other dimensionality reduction techniques by deriving the best transformation of the vectors at query time. QVPAM creates a projection library that contains building blocks for constructing the transformations. QVPAM rapidly searches the projection library at query time in order to select the set of projection elements that minimizes the work for processing the query. Since the selected set does not need to be complete, QVPAM effectively trades-off query precision and query response time. We describe QVPAM and demonstrate its performance in the content-based querying of a database of high-dimensional color histograms.
Polarized monolayers formed by epithelial cells on a permeable and translucent support (1978)

An epithelial cell line (MDCK) was used to prepare monolayers which, in vitro, develop properties of transporting epithelia. Monolayers were formed by plating cells at high densities (10(6) cells/cm2) on collagen-coated nylon cloth disks to saturate the area available for attachment, thus avoiding the need for cell division. An electrical resistance developed within 4-6 h after plating and achieved a steady-state value of 104 +/- 1.8 omega-cm2 after 24 h. Mature monolayers were morphologically and functionally polarized. They contained junctional complexes composed of desmosomes and tight junctions with properties similar to those of "leaky" epithelia. Monolayers were capable of maintaining a spontaneous electrical potential sensitive to amiloride, produced a net water flux from the apical to basal side, and discriminated between Na+ and Cl- ions. The MDCK permeability barrier behaves as a "thin" membrane with negatively charged sites. It has: (a) a linear conductance/concentration relationship; (b) an asymmetric instantaneous current/voltage relationship; (c) a reduced ability to discriminate between Na+ and Cl- caused by lowering the pH; and (d) a characteristic pattern of ionic selectivity which suggests that the negatively charged sites are highly hydrates and of medium field strength. Measurements of Na+ permeability of electrical and tracer methods ruled out exchange diffusion as a mechanism for ion permeation and the lack of current saturation in the I/deltapsi curves does not support the involvement of carriers. The discrimination between Na+ and Cl- was severely but reversibly decreased at low pH, suggesting that Na+-specific channels which exclude Cl- contain acidic groups dissociated at neutral pH. Bound Ca++ ions are involved in maintaining the integrity of the junctions in MDCK monolayers as was shown by a reversible drop of resistance and opening of the junctions in Ca++-free medium containing EGTA. Several other epithelial cell lines are capable of developing a significant resistance under the conditions used to obtain MDCK monolayers.
Neuropathic pain: Drug targets for current and future interventions (2004)

Nociceptive pain alerts the body to potential or actual tissue damage. By contrast, neuropathic pain, which results from injury or damage to the nervous system, persists long after all signs of the original injury have disappeared. This type of maladaptive pain presents a significant clinical problem, as it responds poorly or unpredictably to classical analgesics. There is also no single, uniformly well-tolerated drug that is reliably helpful. Current understanding of the etiology of neuropathic pain reveals seven potential targets for therapeutic intervention. These are: 1) ectopic activity in damaged peripheral nerves; 2) increased excitability in spinal dorsal horn neurons; 3) restoration or augmentation of GABAergic inhibition in the dorsal horn; 4) supraspinal and affective mechanisms; 5) alterations in the sympathetic nervous system; 6) spinal peptidergic mechanisms; and 7) spinal excitatory amino acid receptors. Current therapeutic approaches, using drugs such as gabapentin, anticonvulsants, ketamine or methadone, and potential new approaches are discussed in the context of these seven drug targets.
Fine-tuning electrode information in electrical impedance tomography (2012)

Electrical impedance tomography is a noninvasive imaging technique forrecovering the admittivity distribution inside a body from boundarymeasurements of current and voltage.In practice, impedance tomography suffers from inaccurate modellingof the measurement setting: The exact electrode locations and theshape of the imaged object are not necessarily known precisely.In this work, we tackle the problem with imperfect electrode informationby introducing the Fréchet derivative of the boundary measurementmap of impedance tomography with respect to the electrode shapes andlocations. This enables us to include the fine-tuning of the information onthe electrode positions as a part of a Newton-type output least squaresreconstruction algorithm; we demonstrate that this approach isfeasible via a two-dimensional numerical example based on simulated data.The impedance tomographymeasurements are modelled by the complete electrode model,which is in good agreement with real-life electrode measurements.
A Novel Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal (1999)

A novel two-dimensional photonic crystal that possesses absolute photonic band gaps for both transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric polarized waves is proposed. Plane wave method is used for calculating their photonic band structures. Results show that, for this structure, two absolute photonic band gaps appear in dielectric cylinders periodically imbedded in an air background.
Analysis of Seismic Failure in Skew RC Bridge (1991)

The dynamic behavior of skewed reinforced concrete (RC) box girder bridges under the effect of earthquake excitation is studied using finite element models of the Foothill Boulevard Undercrossing, S. E. Bridge, in the San Fernando Valley, Calif., which suffered a great damage during the 1971 earthquake. Linear as well as nonlinear models were considered in this study for the time‐history analysis of the bridge. The time‐history analyses showed that rigid‐body modes dominated the earthquake response of the bridge, which led to the writers' conclusion that under dynamic loads, short stiff skewed bridges behave essentially as rigid bodies if the deck is not rigidly fixed to the abutments. This paper gives an explanation of the seismic failure of rigid skewed RC bridges that agrees with the field observation made soon after the failure of the Foothill Boulevard Under‐crossing.
Assessment of Bone Health After Treatment with the Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63) (2018)

Osteoporosis is associated with increased mortality and significant economic and health burden now-a-days.
Vector assignment scheme for <i>M</i> + <i>N</i> users in <i>N</i> -dimensional global additive channel (1992)

N-dimensional global vector sets are constructed from the additive combinations of N+M individual N-dimensional vector sets. The minimum Euclidean distance between vectors in the individual sets is maintained in the global set. The principal result is that users may be added to a Q-level system whenever N is a power of Q2 without decreasing the minimum distance. This finding may be applicable to synchronised multiuser communications.
Measuring Tool-Chip Interface Temperatures (1986)

A two-color pyrometer was developed for monitoring the surface temperature of metal chips formed during high-speed machining processes. Optical access to the tool-chip interface was obtained by cementing a plastic light pipe into a 1/16-in. (1.6-mm) hole milled through the carbide tool insert. The light pipe serves to transmit radiation falling on the rake face of the insert to radiation detectors located elsewhere. Radiation captured by the light pipe is passed through a lens-beam splitter combination and imaged on two identical photodiode detectors. The diodes have integral operational amplifiers to achieve high detectivity and low-noise operation. Each photodiode is masked by an interference type narrow-band filter having spectral bandpass frequencies chosen to match the point where the emittance of several metals is constant for all temperatures. Thus, the temperature of the chip stream monitored by the diodes is a function of the intensity measured for each spectral band at the same instant in time. The functional relationship between true temperature and the ratio of signal amplitudes (the calibration curve) was established for pyrometer over the interval 1000–1750 K using standard laboratory methods.
Die Primärstruktur des kristallisierbaren monoklonalen Immunglobulins IgG<sub>1</sub>Kol. II. Aminosäuresequenz der L-Kette, λ-Typ, Subgruppe I (1989)

Article Die Primärstruktur des kristallisierbaren monoklonalen Immunglobulins IgG1 Kol. II. Aminosäuresequenz der L-Kette, λ-Typ, Subgruppe I was published on January 1, 1989 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 370, issue 1).
Influence of different xylanases on the activity of ferulic acid esterase on wheat bran (1995)

et al.
Bright room temperature single photon source at telecom range in cubic silicon carbide (2018)

Single-photon emitters (SPEs) play an important role in a number of quantum information tasks such as quantum key distributions. In these protocols, telecom wavelength photons are desired due to their low transmission loss in optical fibers. In this paper, we present a study of bright single-photon emitters in cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) emitting in the telecom range. We find that these emitters are photostable and bright at room temperature with a count rate of ~ MHz. Altogether with the fact that SiC is a growth and fabrication-friendly material, our result may be relevant for future applications in quantum communication technology.
A Temperature Compensation Technique for a Dynamic Amplifier in Pipelined-SAR ADCs (2018)

This letter presents a temperature compensation technique for the gain of a dynamic amplifier in a pipelined-successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter. A fully dynamic temperature-dependent common-mode detector is proposed to assist in the compensation process of the dynamic amplifier. A single-stage dynamic amplifier with the proposed temperature compensation technique was designed and fabricated in a 130-nm CMOS process with an active area of 0.0135 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . With a 1.2-V power supply, the dynamic amplifier consumes 0.11 mW at 50 MS/s, and the proposed technique reduces the gain variation of the dynamic amplifier from 12.5% to 2.1% across the temperature range of -20 °C to 85 °C.
Choline‐binding domain as a novel affinity tag for purification of fusion proteins produced in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2001)

The choline-binding domain (ChoBD) of the carboxy-terminal region of the Streptococcus pneumoniae amidase LYTA (C-LYTA) presents a strong affinity for tertiary amines. We report a method for single-step purification of proteins expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris based on the fusion of C-LYTA to the protein of interest. We show that C-LYTA can be efficiently expressed and secreted in this host. Tagged proteins fused to this binding domain can be purified on inexpensive DEAE matrices. It therefore provides a useful system for the purification of recombinant proteins with high specificity suitable for industrial purposes.