gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of hybrid NEMS-CMOS circuits for ultra low-power applications (2007)

Integration of nano-electro-mechanical switches (NEMS) with CMOS technology has been proposed to exploit both near zero-leakage characteristics of NEMS devices along with high ON current of CMOS transistors. The feasibility of integration of NEMS switches into a CMOS process is illustrated by a practical process flow. Moreover, co-design of hybrid NEMS-CMOS as low power dynamic OR gates, SRAM cells, and sleep transistors is explored. Simulation results indicate that such hybrid dynamic OR gates can achieve 60--80% lower switching power and almost zero leakage power consumption with minor delay penalty. However, the hybrid gate outperforms its CMOS counterpart both in terms of delay and switching power consumption with increase in fan-in beyond 12. Additionally, it is shown that the proposed hybrid SRAM cell can achieve almost 8X lower standby leakage power consumption with only minor noise margin and latency cost. Finally, application of NEMS devices as sleep transistors results in upto three orders of magnitude lower OFF current with negligible performance degradation as compared to CMOS sleep switches.
Interstate Wind: Using New Technology to Enhance Transportation Fuel Investments (2008)

The United States is facing mounting pressure, both from within and from the international community, to shift to renewable energy resources from our current fossil fuel reliance. Current national goals, based on conventional available wind resource assessments, provide a 20% Wind Energy Vision as a 2020 national power source. Micro-turbine technology, meanwhile, is being touted by the Environmental Protection Agency as the cutting edge...cornerstone in the distributed generation field. Wind's future seems even brighter when a dramatic enhancement of what constitutes an available wind resource is depicted in the United States' southeastern portion. Businesses should be preparing to embrace the challenge of highway to wind resource conversion, even as technology is being developed for more sustainable and cost effective ground transportation systems. Strain on the electric grid will be alleviated and new transportation modes will be powered for growing communities by doing so. If southern and southeastern United States' utilities and entrepreneurs take the lead in technology implementation using federal assistance, there might be more willingness from the private investment sector to bear the costs of expanding this vision into reality. Demonstration deployments can allow federal agencies to move this technology into the mainstream.
Visualization using timelines (1994)

A timeline is a linear, graphical visualization of events over time. For example, in concurrent application, events would represent state changes for some system object (such as a task or variable). A timeline display generator creates the graphical visualization from some record of events. This paper reports on a model for timeline display generators based on a formal model of event history and the objectives of timeline visualization. In this model, any timeline display generator is completely described through the definition of a set of mathematical functions. The exact characteristics and flexibility of a particular implementation of a timeline display generator, depends on the way in which these functions have been implemented. The current prototype, xtg, (Timeline Display Generator for X-windows) serves as an example implementation of these ideas. Characteristics of xtg are presented, and its use in the analysis of a real-world client-server application is discussed. Xtg has been applied to several other applications to-date and is being applied by several telecommunications companies to areas ranging from software process analysis to call trace data analysis.
Torwards a Molecular Level Understanding of Protein Stabilization: The Interaction Between Lysozyme and Sorbitol (1997)

Udgivelsesdato: Jun 13
Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Incidence and outcome trends over time (2008)

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB-P) is well known but poorly delineated due to unclear definition. We retrospectively studied 78 patients with SAB-P using a stringent definition (bacteremia for > or = 7 d), in a single teaching hospital, during 1 January 2002 to 30 June 2003 and 1 November 2005 to 31 December 2006 to determine whether the frequency, risk factors and outcome changed over time. SAB was encountered in 354 and 259 instances during the 2 periods, respectively. Patients' characteristics changed with increasing organ dysfunction score (2.9+/-1.7 vs 3.4+/-1.4; p <0.001), patients with invasive devices (27.7% vs 41.3%; p=0.001), hemodialysis dependence (19.2% vs 27.8%; p=0.04), MRSA (50.8% vs 64.5%; p=0.001), and vancomycin treatment (57.9% vs 67.2%; p=0.02). SAB-P frequency increased slightly (11.0% vs 15.1%). Risk (associated) factors for SAB-P (identified by logistic regression) were metastatic infection (OR=5.60; 95% CI 3.00 - 10.47), vancomycin treatment (OR=4.17; 95% CI 2.14 - 8.11), endovascular sources (OR=3.35; 95% CI 1.92 - 5.85) and diabetes (OR=2.14; 95% CI 1.26 - 3.64). SAB- and SAB-P-associated case-fatality did not change (23.2% vs 18.5% and 25.6 vs 30.8%, respectively). All survivors ultimately achieved clearance. These findings suggest that patients with SAB are changing over time. Additionally, SAB-P frequency is higher than previously reported. SAB-P rise is probably due to increasing SAB, MRSA, and patients at risk for complications. Innovative approaches should target novel treatment modalities and risk reduction.
Asymmetric-frequency clustering: a power-aware back-end for high-performance processors (2002)

We introduce asymmetric frequency clustering (AFC), a micro-architectural technique that reduces the dynamic power dissipated by a processor's back-end while maintaining high performance. We present a dual-cluster, dual-frequency machine comprising a performance oriented cluster and a power-aware one. The power-aware cluster operates at half the frequency of the performance oriented cluster and uses a lower voltage supply. We show that this organization significantly reduces back-end power dissipation by executing non-performance-critical instructions in the power-aware cluster. AFC localizes the two frequency/voltage domains. Consequently, it mitigates many of the complexities associated with maintaining multiple supply voltage and frequency domains on the same chip. Key to the success of this technique are methods that assign as many instructions as possible to the slower/lower power cluster without impacting overall performance. We evaluate our techniques using a subset of SPEC2000 and SPEC95. AFC provides a 16% back-end power reduction with 1.5% performance loss compared to a conventional, dual-clustered processor where each cluster has schedulers of the same width and length.
Superior Temperature-Sensing Performance in Cladding-Modulated Si Waveguide Gratings (2016)

This paper presents a silicon photonic temperature sensor based on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible cladding-modulated (CladMod) grating design on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The resulting device achieves narrow-band reflection (Δλ = 0.63 nm), a high extinction ratio (21 dB), high temperature sensitivity (83.4 pm/°C), and a wide temperature-sensing range. More importantly, this grating design allows stable reflection bandwidth (Δλ/ΔW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 0.013), Bragg wavelength (λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> /ΔW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 0.002), and temperature sensitivity (δλ /δT/ΔW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = -1.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) against variations in grating width. This level of temperature-sensing performance is difficult to achieve using a strip/slab-type grating or microring resonator. The CladMod gratings were further implemented on a polysilicon gate in a standard bulk CMOS process, thereby enabling integration with other microelectronic devices to serve as an on-chip distributed temperature-sensing element This approach shows considerable promise for applications such as future photonic-electronic integrated circuits requiring in situ temperature monitoring for wavelength stabilization, or high-temperature microelectronics where silicon bandgap temperature sensors are unable to operate properly.
Spatial noise shaping based on human visual sensitivity and its application to image coding (2002)

A spatial noise shaping (SNS) method based on human visual sensitivity is presented. It effectively shapes (or say hides) the noise of an image in areas which are not sensitive to human visual perception so that the resulting image is more pleasant to human eyes. The noise comes from the processing of the image, and it can be either separable like the additive noise pattern in image watermarking or non-separable like the quantization noise in image coding. An application of the algorithm is also demonstrated by using it to enhance image coders. Images decoded from the SNS incorporated coders possess a superior quality to those which do not use SNS.
Use of Immunoglobulin Enriched Bovine Colostrum against Oral Challenge with Enterohaemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in Mice (2002)

An immunoglobulin enriched bovine colostrum preparation, IMMULAC (New Zealand Dairy Group, Cambridge, New Zealand), contains antibodies against various bacterial antigens. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of a commercial bovine colostrum preparation against infections with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in a murine model. Balb/c mice were given drinking water containing streptomycin for 3 days before and following oral challenge with streptomycin-resistant EHEC O157:H7 strain (O157-SM(R)). In mice pretreated with streptomycin, EHEC O157:H7 maintained stable levels of bacterial colonization in the intestines for the 3-week experimental time period. Oral administration of colostrum resulted in rapid decrease in the bacteria numbers compared with administration of skim-milk. Colostrum showed no direct in vitro bactericidal properties against either EHEC O157:H7. When sections prepared from cecum walls of streptomycin-pretreated mice were incubated in vitro with EHEC O157:H7, the colostrum significantly prevented the attachment of the organisms to the sections when compared with skim-milk. These results indicate that oral administration of bovine colostrum effectively protects mice against food-borne infections by inhibiting bacterial attachment to the intestinal mucous membrane, colonization and growth in the intestinal tract.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 10/2007 (2007)

Cover: A general approach has been proposed towards composite ring‐like toroids against copolymer (PVP/PS/PVP) self‐assembled core‐shell templates. The shell is mainly composed of PVP (blue region), while the core is PS (gray region). The desired materials can be favorably grown within or onto the shell by specific interactions. After removal of the templates, hollow composite toroids are derived. Further details can be found in the article by W. Wei, H. Xu, X. Qu, X. Ji, W. Jiang, and Z. Yang * on page 1122.
Serotonin and Its Role in Colonic Function and in Gastrointestinal Disorders (2006)

Serotonin (5-HT) is most commonly thought of as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. However, the predominant site of serotonin synthesis, storage, and release is the enterochromaffin cells of the intestinal mucosa. Within the intestinal mucosa, serotonin released from EC cells activates neural reflexes associated with intestinal secretion, motility, and sensation. Two important receptors for serotonin that are located in the neural circuitry of the intestines are the 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptors; these are the targets of drugs designed to treat gastrointestinal disorders. 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists are used to treat nausea and emesis associated with chemotherapy and for functional disorders associated with diarrhea. 5-HT(4) receptor agonists are used as promotility agents to promote gastric emptying and to alleviate constipation. Because of the importance of serotonin in normal gut function and sensation, a number of studies have investigated potential changes in mucosal serotonin signaling in pathologic conditions. Despite the inconsistencies in the current literature, changes in serotonin signaling have now been demonstrated in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, and idiopathic constipation. Emerging evidence has led to many contradictory theories regarding serotonin signaling and its roles in the pathology of gut disorders. This review summarizes the current medications affecting serotonin signaling and provides an overview of our current knowledge of the changes in serotonin that occur in pathologic conditions.
The rectangular loop antenna as a dipole (1959)

An integral equation for the current in a rectangular loop of wire is derived for a loop that is driven by two generators located at the centers of one pair of opposite sides. The EMF's are equal in magnitude and in phase in the sense that they maintain currents in the generators that are in the same direction relative to the coordinate system and, therefore, in opposite directions from the point of view of circulation around the loop. An approximate solution is obtained for the distribution of current around the loop and for the driving-point impedance. It is shown that the solution for the rectangle of wire reduces to that of the symmetrically driven folded dipole when one dimension is made electrically small and to a section of transmission line driven simultaneously at both ends when the other dimension is made small. The loop that is electrically small in both directions is also examined.
Continuous measurement of m-parameter for Hart analysis of superplastic behaviour of ultra-fine grained AZ31 Mg alloy (2015)

The ultra-fine grained materials (UFG) often show superplastic behaviour at elevated temperatures due to small grain size. On the other hand, UFG microstructure is often not stable at increased temperatures and undergoes recovery and recrystallization. In this paper, we investigate the superplastic properties of UFG AZ31 Mg alloy prepared by equal channel angular pressing. The computer controlled tensile tests were performed in a temperature range of 175°C−250°C and at strain rate around 10-4 s-1. The superplastic behaviour and strain hardening is related to temperature, strain-rate and microstructure stability. Methodology of continuous measurement of m-parameter during the tensile test to achieve the dependence of m-parameter on true strain is presented. The measurement is based on alternating two slightly different true strain rates, keeping the overall true strain-rate constant. The m-parameter decreases with true strain for all studied conditions from approx. 0.5 to 0.3 and the decrease is fastest for the highest considered temperature (250°C), which is attributed to recovery and recrystallization. The sample deformed at 250°C strain hardens over significantly shorter interval of true strain which also suggests microstructure changes. Limits of plastic instability according to Hart analysis were computed for all conditions. Hart analysis of stability of plastic deformation seems not to be sufficient for description of elongation until fracture for studied material.
5.2. Molecular gas and nuclear outflows (1998)

There is now overwhelming evidence that spiral galaxies can experience nuclear outflows, from radio lobes perpendicular to the disks of edge-on galaxies (Hummel et al. 1983), to optical ionization cones (see list in Wilson and Tsvetanov 1994), to spectacular X-ray emission extending many kpc beyond the disk (e.g. Dahlem et al. 1996). These observations indicate that hot and/or energetic components of the ISM can escape away from the plane of the galaxy from their origin in the nuclear vicinity.
Poor performance of quick-SOFA (qSOFA) score in predicting severe sepsis and mortality – a prospective study of patients admitted with infection to the emergency department (2017)

In this observational cohort study, qSOFA failed to identify two thirds of the patients admitted to an ED with severe sepsis. Further, qSOFA failed to be a risk stratification tool as the sensitivity to predict 7-day and 30-day mortality was low. The sensitivity was poorer than the other warning scores already in use at the study site, RETTS-triage and the SIRS criteria.
Moderne Chirurgie des Magenfrühkarzinoms (2002)

<i> Surgical Strategies in Early Gastric Cancer </i> Early gastric cancer represents only 15–25% of all gastric malignancies in the Western world. In contrast, in Japan an increasing incidence of this tumor up to 50% and more could be achieved. In comparison to advanced tumor stages, the prognosis of patients suffering from early gastric cancer is excellent in general, with a 5-year survival rate of up to more than 90%, in particular caused by limited lymphatic spread. The rate of lymph node metastases ranged between 0 and 10% or 10 and 25% and more, respectively, in mucosal or submucosal carcinomas. Furthermore, some subtypes of the mucosal cancer probably may have no infiltration of regional lymph nodes; therefore, curative local resective therapy, as endoscopic mucosal resection or combined laparoscopicendoscopic procedures, is carried out with increased efforts, above all in Japan. But limited local therapy is indicated only in about 5–10% in Western countries. Although taking into account individual and stage-oriented gastric cancer treatment, radical surgical resection including lymph node dissection has to be performed in the majority of patients, to achieve the chance of excellent long-term results after complete tumor resection.
Automatic planning of pick and place operations in presence of uncertainties (2002)

Describes a system that plans automatically 'pick and place' tasks. It takes into consideration the strong interdependencies existing between the different steps of the 'pick and place' task. The system deals explicitly with the interactions between grasp planning, transfer motions and approach motions. Besides, it makes use, at several steps during the planning phase, of a module that propagates and evaluates position uncertainties in a 'pick and place' context. The authors describe the different modules included in the system and show how the controller invokes them and how it manages their interaction. Finally, they discuss several control strategies which can be implemented in order to solve a 'pick and place' planning problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Affinity, Non-Nucleotide-Derived Competitive Antagonists of Platelet P2Y<sub>12</sub>Receptors (2009)

Anthraquinone derivatives related to the moderately potent, nonselective P2Y(12) receptor antagonist reactive blue 2 (6) have been synthesized and optimized with respect to P2Y(12) receptor affinity. A radioligand binding assay utilizing human blood platelet membranes and the P2Y(12) receptor-selective antagonist radioligand [(3)H]2-propylthioadenosine-5'-adenylic acid (1,1-dichloro-1-phosphonomethyl-1-phosphonyl) anhydride ([(3)H]PSB-0413) was applied for compound testing. 1-Amino-2-sulfoanthraquinone derivatives bearing a (p-phenylamino)anilino substitution in the 4-position and an additional acidic function in the meta-position of the aniline ring showed high P2Y(12) receptor affinity. These new anthraquinone derivatives became accessible by a recently developed copper(0)-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reaction of 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone derivatives with anilines in phosphate buffer under microwave irradiation. The most potent compounds exhibited K(i) values of 24.9 nM (1-amino-4-[4-phenylamino-3-sulfophenylamino]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate, PSB-0739, 39), and 21.0 nM (1-amino-4-[4-phenylamino-3-carboxyphenylamino]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate, PSB-0702, 41), respectively. 1-Amino-2-sulfo-4-anilinoanthraquinone derivatives appeared to be noncytotoxic, as shown for selected derivatives at two human cell lines (melanoma and astrocytoma). Compounds 39 and 41 represent new lead structures for the development of antithrombotic drugs.
Wiggler magnet. (1988)

The wiggler consists of magnet system with alternate magnetic polarity and is set in the straight section of a storage ring. It produces synchrotron radiation independently of the normal bending magnets. With the progress of the study on utilization of synchrotron radiation, the wiggler has become an important device as a high intensity light source which attracted attention of researchers. For the past decade, many wigglers have been constructed in several countries. As the operational experience are accumulated, the beam-dynamical problems with the wiggler became gradually clear. In the recent storage rings which are dedicated to the synchrotron radiation use, the main parameters are chosen so as to obtain the optimum spectrum of the wiggler radiation. In this description, at first some results derived from wiggler theory are reviewed briefly, which are useful for the wiggler magnet design, then the characteristics of the periodic magnet-field are described and finally some wigglers (mainly with the superconducting magnets) in operation in the world are surveyed.
Endpieces: Plus ca change ... (1999)

A deal is a commercial transaction between purchaser and provider, involving prohibited or strictly controlled items of exchange, conducted …
P2–136: Differential CSF butyrylcholinesterase levels in Alzheimer's disease patients with the ApoE ϵ4 allele, in relation to cognitive function and cerebral glucose metabolism (2006)

The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases in subjects carrying the ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) and a certain genetic variant of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with reduced circulating molecules. Both variables seem to be predictive of a poorer response to cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). Cortical expression of BuChE is increased in AD brain. In this study we investigated whether the BuChE levels in CSF differed between AD patients with or without ApoE ϵ4 allele and whether such differences were related to the cognition and the cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in AD patients prior to commencing treatment with ChEIs. Baseline CSF samples from a total of eighty mild AD patients who had participated in three previous ChEIs studies (rivastigmine (n=11), donepezil (n=54) and galantamine (n=15)) were included. Gender and ApoE ϵ4 genotype, but not age were the main factors that were related to the levels of BuChE in the CSF of patients. The BuChE activity was 23±8% higher in men (n= 40) than in women (p<0.03, n=40) and 40–60% higher in the ApoE ϵ4 non–carrier than in the AD patients carrying one or two ϵ4 alleles (all p<0.0004). The global cognitive function of the AD patients, assessed by MMSE was significantly higher in AD patients with a high to moderate CSF BuChE compared to those with a low BuChE level. Significant correlations were observed between the CSF BuChE level and MMSE, ADAS–Cog and cortical CMRglc. A low level of BuChE in CSF may be predictive of a higher degree of neurodegeneration in AD brain, most likely due to a more extended incorporation of BuChE in neuritic plaques.