gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of slag practices for reduction in refractory consumption at BHP steelmaking centres (2001)

BHP Steel produces about 8 million tpa of steel for the local and overseas markets. The costs associated with refractory materials are considerable and thus strategies have been developed to reduce the refractory wear in steelmaking operations. The approaches developed take into account some of the key fundamental factors influencing the metallurgical performance of the process and the rate of chemical attack of refractories by molten slags. Thermodynamic models have been used for analysis of plant data and design/tuning of suitable practices to prolong the refractory life via in‐situ coating of refractories with solid phases with high resistance to slag attack. Examples of the results obtained from implementation of such practices are presented.
CTO Roundtable: Cloud Computing (2009)

Many people reading about cloud computing in the trade journals will think it’s a panacea for all their IT problems. It is not. In this CTO Roundtable discussion we hope to give practitioners useful advice on how to evaluate cloud computing for their organizations. Our focus will be on the SMB (small- to medium-size business) IT managers who are underfunded, overworked, and have lots of assets tied up in out-of-date hardware and software. To what extent can cloud computing solve their problems? With the help of five current thought leaders in this quickly evolving field, we offer some answers to that question. We explore some of the basic principles behind cloud computing and highlight some of the key issues and opportunities that arise when computing moves from in-house to the cloud. Our sincere thanks to all who participated and to the ACM Professions Board for making this possible.
Liquid chromatographic identification of cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine in illicit cocaine. (1982)

A liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the analysis of illicit cocaine samples. The isomeric cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaines are separated from cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and benzoic acid in a reverse phase isocratic system with dual wavelength detection at 254 and 280 nm. Specific identification of cocaine and the cinnamoylcocaines is accomplished by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry of the chromatographic effluent.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations on the Specific Sorption and Molecular Recognition (2008)

This article presents a work aiming at thermodynamically and kinetically interpreting the specific sorption and recognition by a molecularly imprinted polymer. Using Boc-L-Phe-OH as a template, the imprinted material was prepared. The result indicates that the prepared polymer can well discriminate the imprint species from its analogue (Boc-D-Phe-OH), so as to adsorb more for the former but less for the latter. Kinetic analysis indicates that this specific sorption, in nature, can be a result of a preferential promotion. The imprint within the polymer causes a larger adsorption rate for the template than for the analogue. Thermodynamic study also implies that the molecular induction from the specific imprint to the template is larger than to the analogue, which thus makes the polymer capable of preferentially alluring the template to bind.
Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism (2011)

Introduction Historical Overview: From Electron Transport in Magnetic Materials to Spintronics Albert Fert Spin Transport and Magnetism in Magnetic Metallic Multilayers Basics of Nano-Thin Film Magnetism Bretislav Heinrich Micromagnetism as a Prototype for Complexity. Anthony S. Arrott Giant Magnetoresistance: Experiment Jack Bass Giant Magnetoresistance: Theory Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, D.G. Pettifor, and Sadamichi Maekawa Spin Injection, Accumulation, and Relaxation in Metals Mark Johnson Spin Torque Effects: Experiment Maxim Tsoi Spin Torque in Magnetic Systems: Theory A. Manchon and Shufeng Zhang Hot Carrier Spin Transport Ron Jansen Spin Transport and Magnetism in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Tunneling Magnetoresistance: Experiment (Non-MgO) Patrick R. LeClair and Jagadeesh S. Moodera Tunnel Magnetoresistance in MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel JunctionsExperiment Shinji Yuasa Tunneling Magnetoresistance: Theory Kirill D. Belashchenko and Evgeny Y. Tsymbal Spin-Filter Tunneling Tiffany S. Santos and Jagadeesh S. Moodera Spin Torques in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. Yoshishige Suzuki and Hitoshi Kubota Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions Manuel Bibes and Agnes Barthelemy Spin Transport and Magnetism in Semiconductors Spin Relaxation and Spin Dynamics in Semiconductors Jaroslav Fabian and M.W. Wu Electrical Spin Injection and Transport in Semiconductors Berend T. Jonker Spin-Polarized Ballistic Hot-Electron Injection and Detection in Hybrid Metal Semiconductor Devices Ian Appelbaum Magnetic Semiconductors: IIIV Semiconductors Carsten Timm Magnetism of Dilute Oxides J.M.D. Coey Tunneling Magnetoresistance and Spin Transfer with (Ga,Mn)As H. Jaffres and Jean Marie George Spin Transport in Organic Semiconductors Valentin Dediu, Luis E. Hueso, and Ilaria Bergenti Spin Transport in Ferromagnet/IIIV Semiconductor Heterostructures Paul A. Crowell and Scott A. Crooker Spin Polarization by Current Sergey D. Ganichev, Maxim Trushin, and John Schliemann Anomalous and Spin-Injection Hall Effects Jairo Sinova, Jorg Wunderlich, and Tomas Jungwirth Spin Transport and Magnetism at the Nanoscale Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Matthias Bode Point Contact Andreev Ref lection Spectroscopy Boris E. Nadgorny Ballistic Spin Transport. Bernard Doudin and N.T. Kemp Graphene Spintronics Csaba Jozsa and Bart J. van Wees Magnetism and Transport in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots Joaquin Fernandez Rossier and R. Aguado Spin Transport in Hybrid Nanostructures Saburo Takahashi and Sadamichi Maekawa Nonlocal Spin Valves in Metallic Nanostructures Yoshichika Otani and Takashi Kimura Molecular Spintronics Stefano Sanvito Applications Magnetoresistive Sensors Based on Magnetic Tunneling Junctions Gang Xiao Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory. Johan Akerman Emerging Spintronics Memories. Stuart Parkin, Masamitsu Hayashi, Luc Thomas, Xin Jiang, Rai Moriya, and William Gallagher GMR Spin-Valve Biosensors Drew A. Hall, Richard S. Gaster, and Shan X. Wang Semiconductor Spin-Lasers Rafal Oszwaldowski, Christian Gothgen, Jeongsu Lee, and Igor Zutic Spin Logic Devices Hanan Dery
The synthesis of active RC nth-order transfer functions via a minimal-gain pole and zero relocation scheme (1976)

A new active RC network synthesis procedure is presented. The realized network suitable for hybrid film fabrication contains the minimum number of capacitors and only four operational amplifiers in an active controller for the synthesis of an n th-order voltage-ratio transfer function. The amount of controller gain is minimized by the selection of the optimal feedback and input topology to the RC network. The controller and RC network are effectively matched thereby eliminating the need for high-impedance buffer amplifiers.
Towards Understanding Generalization of Deep Learning: Perspective of Loss Landscapes (2017)

It is widely observed that deep learning models with learned parameters generalize well, even with much more model parameters than the number of training samples. We systematically investigate the underlying reasons why deep neural networks often generalize well, and reveal the difference between the minima (with the same training error) that generalize well and those they don't. We show that it is the characteristics the landscape of the loss function that explains the good generalization capability. For the landscape of loss function for deep networks, the volume of basin of attraction of good minima dominates over that of poor minima, which guarantees optimization methods with random initialization to converge to good minima. We theoretically justify our findings through analyzing 2-layer neural networks; and show that the low-complexity solutions have a small norm of Hessian matrix with respect to model parameters. For deeper networks, extensive numerical evidence helps to support our arguments.
The “Plumed Knight” At Home: An Intimate Sketch of James G. Blaine (1988)

This article is a detailed overview of the personal and political lives of Maine's James G. Blaine.
Amino acid ionic liquid‐based titanomagnetite nanoparticles: An efficient and green nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐<i>c</i>]pyrazoles (2017)

The amino acid ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium asparaginate (TBAAsp) was immobilized on titanomagnetite (Fe 3− x Ti x O 4 ) nanoparticles in a facile one‐pot process using an organosilane compound (TMSP) as spacer. The modified Fe 3− x Ti x O 4 @TMSP@TBAAsp magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting analytical data clearly verified the successful immobilization of the ionic liquid on the magnetic substrate. The magnetic ionic liquid‐based nanoparticles exhibited high catalytic activity in the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐ c ]pyrazole derivatives via a one‐pot three‐component reaction under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst was easily recycled and reused for at least six runs without any considerable loss of activity.
The Media Midases (1976)

Five and a half years after the Special Senate Committee Report (Davey Report) on the Mass Media revealed the generally generous and sometimes exorbitant profit levels of mass media and deplored the Midas policy of owners, an updating by Media Probe shows that the situation hasn't changed, Not only have net profits been maintaining their levels but some have been climbing steeply.
Simulation and analysis of spatio-temporal maps of gastrointestinal motility (2008)

Spatio-temporal simulations provide a method to understand, teach and analyze ST maps. This approach could be useful to determine characteristics of contractions under a variety of circumstances.
A Statistical Approach for Improving the Performance of a Testing Methodology for Measurement Software (2008)

This paper describes the significant enhancements brought to an original methodology designed for testing measurement software. In a previous paper, the authors proposed a black-box seven-step procedure that allows the functional verification of complex instrument software to be performed. The main features of the procedure are concerned with the following: (1) the ability of reproducing actual correlations among the software inputs and (2) the need for a limited number of test cases. Making use of innovative statistical techniques, the methodology performance and reliability have been enhanced. Two further steps have been added with the aim of improving the correlation coefficient assessments and providing the estimations with a confidence level. Finally, a new strategy has been studied to optimize the number of test cases. The effects of the new solutions on the performance of the methodology are evaluated by applying the procedure to a complex software module employed in an automotive system. A comparison with the previous methodology version is also reported.
The classification of the depth of burn injury using hybrid neural network (2002)

This paper reports on a preliminary study of the classification of burn injuries using a neural network enhanced spectrometer system. Each burn injury is classified as superficial or full-thickness. Spectra covering the visible and near infrared range were collected from burn areas and subjected to autoscaling, principal component analysis, signal preprocessing, and pattern recognition. Classification of 56 data sets collected by the University of Washington Burn Center by this method showed 87.5% classification accuracy.
Stream Line–Based Pattern Search in Flows (2016)

Abstract We propose a method that allows users to define flow features in form of patterns represented as sparse sets of stream line segments. Our approach finds similar occurrences in the same or other time steps. Related approaches define patterns using dense, local stencils or support only single segments. Our patterns are defined sparsely and can have a significant extent, i.e., they are integration‐based and not local. This allows for a greater flexibility in defining features of interest. Similarity is measured using intrinsic curve properties only, which enables invariance to location, orientation, and scale. Our method starts with splitting stream lines using globally consistent segmentation criteria. It strives to maintain the visually apparent features of the flow as a collection of stream line segments. Most importantly, it provides similar segmentations for similar flow structures. For user‐defined patterns of curve segments, our algorithm finds similar ones that are invariant to similarity transformations. We showcase the utility of our method using different 2D and 3D flow fields.
A Double-Blind Study in Healthy Volunteers to Assess the Effects on Sleep of Pregabalin Compared with Alprazolam and Placebo (2005)

Pregabalin appears to have an effect on sleep and sleep architecture that distinguishes it from benzodiazepines. Enhancement of slow-wave sleep is intriguing, since reductions in slow-wave sleep have frequently been reported in fibromyalgia and general anxiety disorder.
Plant Plastid Engineering (2010)

Genetic material in plants is distributed into nucleus, plastids and mitochondria. Plastid has a central role of carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. Plastid transformation is becoming more popular and an alternative to nuclear gene transformation because of various advantages like high protein levels, the feasibility of expressing multiple proteins from polycistronic mRNAs, and gene containment through the lack of pollen transmission. Recently, much progress in plastid engineering has been made. In addition to model plant tobacco, many transplastomic crop plants have been generated which possess higher resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and molecular pharming. In this mini review, we will discuss the features of the plastid DNA and advantages of plastid transformation. We will also present some examples of transplastomic plants developed so far through plastid engineering, and the various applications of plastid transformation.
Hot wall growth and properties of lead telluride films doped by germanium and gallium (2000)

The researches results of films (PbTe) 1-y (GaTe) y and (Pb 1-x Ge x Te) 1-y (GaTe) y of n-type conductivity with carrier concentration within (210 17 910 18 ) cm -3 are represented. The films were growth by modified hot wall technology on barium fluoride substrate. A state of films surface was investigated by Atomic Force Microscope using both contact and taping modes. Hall coefficient, specific resistivity and thermoelectromotive force of films were measured in the temperature range 77-300 K. The investigation showed that the presence of germanium leads to an appearance of significant features on temperature dependencies of termoelectromotive force which are connected with phase transition of displacement type. Doping gallium leads to n-type conductivity of films which increases with impurity concentration. The ionization energies of Ga impurities levels (n -exp(-E/2kT)) were within 310 meV. The change of energy position and width of impurity level with increase of impurity concentration is established. The unusual protrusions on terraces of growth were discovered. The tops of protrusions can be considered as quantum dots. Inasmuch as composition of protrusions is expected to be distinguished from that of the terraces, they can create pieces of quantum wires.
Image blocking artifact suppression by the modified fuzzy rule based filter (2004)

In this paper, we propose the modified fuzzy rule-based (MFRB) filter for JPEG-encoded image blocking noise removal. The proposed filter generalizes the FRB filter, which is a weighted average of the center pixel and its neighboring pixels in a working window. The weighting coefficients of the MFRB filter depend on the gray level difference, the spatial distance and orientation, and the variance of the pixels in the window. By the least mean square (LMS) learning over representative JPEG-encoded images, the best membership function, i.e., the weight coefficients, of the MFRB filter for blocking noise suppression can be determined. By the simulation results, our proposed scheme has demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness in blocking noise removal. Compared to several post-filtering approaches, our MFRB filter has produced the best SNR improvement among the resultant images. This objective superiority is also confirmed visually by the sharper and more pleasing image obtained.
Light-Independent Cell Death Induced by Accumulation of Pheophorbide a in Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)

Tetrapyrroles are well-known photosensitizers. In plants, various intermediate molecules of tetrapyrrole metabolism have been reported to induce cell death in a light-dependent manner. In contrast to these reports, we found that pheophorbide a, a key intermediate of chlorophyll catabolism, causes cell death in complete darkness in a transgenic Arabidopsis plant, As-ACD1. In this plant, expression of mRNA for pheophorbide a oxygenase was suppressed by expression of Acd1 antisense RNA; thus, As-ACD1 accumulated an excessive amount of pheophorbide a when chlorophyll breakdown occurred. We observed that when senescence was induced by a continuous dark period, leaves of As-ACD1 plants became dehydrated. By measuring electrolyte leakage, we estimated that >50% of the leaf cells underwent cell death within a 5 d period of darkness. Light and electron microscopic observations indicated that the cellular structure had collapsed in a large population of cells. Partially covering a leaf with aluminum foil resulted in light-independent cell death in the covered region and induced bleaching in the uncovered regions. These results indicate that accumulation of pheophorbide a induces cell death under both darkness and illumination, but the mechanisms of cell death under these conditions may differ. We discuss the possible mechanism of light-independent cell death and the involvement of pheophorbide a in the signaling pathway for programmed cell death.
Organically modified silicates and ceramics as two-phasic systems : synthesis and processing (1997)

Based on the concept of controlling the particle size by the surface free energy, the growth of sol-gel derived nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2) has been investigated in presence of molecules with binding ability to the growing particles. The investigations show that the use of silanes, carboxylic acid or â-diketones allows to replace electrostatic sol stabilisation by steric sol stabilisation and through this, high solid content sols can be obtained. The introduction of these sols into organic or ormocer type of matrices leads to nano composites with degrees of filling up to 40 wt.-% without agglomeration and with high optical quality. Already developed TiO2 containing bulk materials, ultrahard coatings on plastic and adhesives for fiber to chip coupling are examples for the usefulness of this alternative sol-gel route. The nanocomposite materials show interesting mechanical and thermomechanical properties such as high hardness or low thermal expansion compared to unfilled systems.
Buprenorphine antagonism of ventilatory depression following fentanyl anaesthesia (1988)

In order to compare the effect of buprenorphine and naloxone on respiratory depression after fentanyl anaesthesia (25 micrograms/kg), 32 women scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy participated in a double-blind randomized investigation. At termination of anaesthesia, after antagonizing residual neuromuscular blockade, 20 normocapnic patients with a respiratory rate of 4 breaths/min or less entered the study, receiving either buprenorphine (0.6 mg in 20 ml NaCl) or naloxone (0.4 mg in 20 ml NaCl) 2 ml/min until 20 ml was given or until the respiratory rate exceeded 8 breaths/min. Respiratory rate, PaCO2, sedation score, and pain intensity were evaluated during a 3-h study period. Fifteen min after beginning the treatment, all the patients in both groups had their ventilatory depression antagonized. There were no statistically significant differences in respiratory rates between groups except at 15 min. On no occasion did either PaCO2 or a sedation score differ statistically significantly between the groups. At 15 min all patients in the buprenorphine group had no or mild pain, compared to the patients in the naloxone group, of whom 50% had moderate to severe pain (P less than 0.05). It seems as if buprenorphine is as effective as naloxone in antagonizing respiratory rate depression following fentanyl anaesthesia.
A risk assessment of climate change and the impact of forest diseases on forest ecosystems in the Western United States and Canada (2011)

This risk assessment projects the effects of eight forest diseases under two climate-change scenarios (warmer and drier, warmer and wetter). Examples are used to describe how various types of forest diseases may respond to environmental changes. Forest diseases discussed in this report include foliar diseases, Phytophthora diseases, stem rusts, canker diseases, dwarf mistletoes, root diseases, and yellow-cedar decline. The likelihood and consequences of increased damage to forests from each disease as a result of climate change are analyzed and assigned a risk value of high, moderate, or low. The risk value is based on available biological information and subjective judgment. Although results suggest that climate change will affect forest health, uncertainty arises regarding the degree of climate change that will occur; pathogen biology under changing climate; the effects of changing climate directly on the host; and the interactions between the pathogen, host, and climate.
Stability of nicardipine hydrochloride in intravenous solutions (1996)

The stability of nicardipine hydrochloride in large-volume i.v. solutions was studied. Admixtures of nicardipine hydrochloride 0.05 and 0.5 mg/mL were prepared in 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 0.45% sodium chloride injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection, 5% dextrose injection, lactated Ringer's injection, 5% sodium bicarbonate injection, and 5% dextrose injection with potassium chloride 40 meq/L. Two glass and two polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers of each solution were prepared and stored at ambient room temperature under normal fluorescent light. Samples were removed and tested for nicardipine concentration by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours and seven days. Testing included visual checking and optical density measurements. The admixtures remained clear and slightly yellow except for nicardipine hydrochloride in sodium bicarbonate injection, which showed immediate precipitation, and nicardipine hydrochloride in lactated Ringer's injection, which increased in optical density at 400 nm over time. There were no significant changes in nicardipine concentrations in nicardipine concentrations in glass containers. Admixtures stored in PVC containers showed a slow, constant decline in nicardipine concentrations, sometimes to less than 85% of the initial drug concentration within 24 hours, except for nicardipine hydrochloride in lactated Ringer's injection or 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection, which showed an immediate and continuing rapid loss. Nicardipine hydrochloride 0.5 and 0.05 mg/mL in eight i.v. solutions was stable in glass containers for up to seven days. Drug concentrations slowly decreased in PVC containers. The drug was not stable in 5% sodium bicarbonate injection or in PVC bags containing lactated Ringer's injection or 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection.