gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Alkynylation of Indole and Pyrrole Heterocycles (2009)

Dreifach einfach: Die einzigartigen Eigenschaften von Benziodoxolonalkinylperiodinan 1 und Goldkatalysatoren ermöglichten die Entwicklung einer einfach auszuführenden Reaktion (bei Raumtemperatur, ohne absolute Lösungsmittel oder inerte Bedingungen, mit käuflichem Katalysator), durch die sich Silylacetylen-Reste in hohen Ausbeuten einführen lassen. Als Substrate eignen sich vielfältige Indole und Pyrrole mit einem breiten Spektrum an funktionellen Gruppen (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cavitational Hydrothermal Oxidation: A New Remediation Process - Final Report (2001)

During the past year, we have continued to make substantial scientific progress on our understanding of cavitation phenomena in aqueous media and applications of cavitation to remediation processes. Our efforts have focused on three separate areas: sonoluminescence as a probe of conditions created during cavitational collapse in aqueous media, the use of cavitation for remediation of contaminated water, and an addition of the use of ultrasound in the synthesis of novel heterogeneous catalysts for hydrodehalogenation of halocarbons under mild conditions.
Methamphetamine‐ and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐ 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in inducible nitric oxide synthase‐deficient mice (1999)

Previous studies have suggested a role for the retrograde messenger, nitric oxide (NO), in methamphetamine (METH)- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Since evidence supported the involvement of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) isoform in the dopaminergic neurotoxicity, the present study was undertaken to investigate whether the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) isoform is also associated with METH- and MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. The administration of METH (5mg/kg × 3) to iNOS deficient mice [homozygote iNOS(-/-)] and wild type mice (C57BL/6) resulted in significantly smaller depletion of striatal dopaminergic markers in the iNOS(-/-) mice compared with the wild-type mice. METH-induced hyperthermia was also significantly lower in the iNOS(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. In contrast to the outcome of METH administration, MPTP injections (20 mg/kg × 3) resulted in a similar decrease in striatal dopaminergic markers in iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice. In the set of behavioral experiments, METH-induced locomotor sensitization was investigated. The acute administration of METH (1.0 mg/kg) resulted in the same intensity of locomotor activity in iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice. Moreover, 68 to 72 h after the exposure to the high-dose METH regimen (5 mg/kg × 3), a marked sensitized response to a challenge injection of METH (1.0 mg/kg) was observed in both the iNOS(-/-) and wild-type mice. The finding that iNOS(-/-) mice were unprotected from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity suggests that the partial protection against METH-induced neurotoxicity observed was primarily associated with the diminished hyperthermic effect of METH seen in the iNOS(-/-) mice. Moreover, in contrast to nNOS deficiency, iNOS deficiency did not affect METH-induced behavioral sensitization. Synapse 34:305–312, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Solid Fat Content Determination of Dispersed Lipids by Time‐Domain NMR (2018)

Time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) is used to determine the solid fat content (SFC) of dispersions stabilized by a high molecular weight hydrocolloid (gum arabic, GA) containing a high melting lipid (tristearin, SSS). Since the lipid is molten prior to homogenization for the preparation of the dispersion it recrystallizes during cooling and storage. It is known that the recrystallization in a disperse system differs from bulk lipids and TD‐NMR can be a helpful tool to investigate the phenomenon. SFC measurement by TD‐NMR is well established and widely used in food science for oils, spreads, and seeds. In the case of dispersions, however, the situation is more demanding due to the quasi‐continuous phase. A suitable TD‐NMR method has to account for that and can be realized when combining longitudinal and transverse relaxation properties to separate the signal contribution of the quasi‐continuous phase and the solid lipid and liquid lipid dispersed phase. Signal from water and emulsifier is eliminated by magnetization inversion with an initial 180° pulse and a subsequent dedicated inversion delay. The emulsifier shows a longitudinal relaxation similar to the aqueous phase. With a carefully chosen inversion delay, both signal contributions of water and emulsifier can be suppressed, and a quantitative determination of the SFC is possible via dedicated data processing. Practical Applications : The method can be applied in characterization, stability tests and quality control of complex food emulsions and solid lipid particles, which are recently under development as drug carrier systems. TD‐NMR is used to determine the solid fat content (SFC) of dispersions with high water content, a hydrocolloid as emulsifier and fat. Since the fat is molten prior to homogenization it recrystallizes during cooling. It is known that recrystallization in a dispersed system differs from bulk and TD‐NMR is a helpful tool to investigate the phenomenon. The situation is demanding due to the quasi‐continuous phase. With magnetization inversion, a preset 180° pulse, and a carefully chosen inversion delay, signal contributions of water, and emulsifier can be suppressed, and a quantitative determination of the SFC is possible.
[The treatment of coralliform kidney calculosis with extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous lithotripsy and ureteroscopy]. (1989)

Experience is recorded with the combined treatment of 53 patients with coralliform renal calculosis. Combined application of bypass lithotripsy (BLT), percutaneous lithotripsy (PLT) and ureterorenoscopy (URS) is an alternative to open surgical intervention. Depending on the size, form and position of the calculus, the degree of destruction of the residual concrements, combined therapy was applied, as follows: 17 patients--PLT and BLT, 7 patients--PLT, BLT and URS, 7 patients--URS and BLT, 13 patients--BLT and URS, 8 patients--BLT and URS. Very good results were obtained--complete cure in 51 patients (96.2 per cent), which encourage the authors to recommend the three methods for routine application in the treatment of coralliform renal calculosis.
Homocysteine Metabolism - 5th International Conference, Milan, Italy, June 26-30, 2005 (2005)

Complete issue dedicated to the Proceedings of the Homocysteine Metabolism - 5th International Conference, Milan, Italy, June 26-30, 2005
Direct optical excitation of two and three magnons in α-Fe2O3 (2005)

Direct excitation of two and three magnons is observed in mid-infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra of α-Fe2O3 crystals. These polarization characteristics and the spectra themselves are shown to be understood from group-theoretical point of view. The microscopic mechanism of three-magnon excitation is proposed in addition to that of well-known two-magnon excitation process.
Die Steroide der Mandel‐Samenschale (1987)

Abstract Die Mandel‐Samenschale enthält im unverseifbaren Anteil ihres fetten Öls neben sieben Sterolen, die bereits vom Mandel‐Samenöl her bekannt sind, noch 24‐Methylen‐cholesterol ( 6 ), Fucosterol ( 8 ) und je einen Glucopyranosylether von Sitosterol und Stigmasterol. Campesterol tritt im Schalenöl in achtmal höherer Konzentration als im Samenöl auf. Gesättigte Sterole lagen nicht vor. Dies wurde durch Oxidation der Fraktion der einfach ungesättigten Sterole nach Jones bewiesen. Neben den zu erwartenden Oxidationsprodukten ließen sich noch (24R)‐Stigmast‐5‐en‐3β‐yl‐formiat ( 10 ) und (24R)‐Stigmast‐5‐en‐3‐on‐dimethylacetal ( 11 ) nachweisen. Beide Steroide dürften Artefacte sein.
Involvement of the cysteine protease CPP32 in thymic negative selection (1997)

Electronic, Individual, (access for 1 year)
Tumor cell-platelet-endothelial cell interactions and prostaglandin metabolism. (1987)

We have proposed that tumor cell induction of platelet aggregation facilitates tumor cell attachment to endothelium and that this attachment is limited by endogenous PGI2. We have developed an in vitro model to study tumor cell-platelet-endothelial cell interactions in which endothelial cells are grown on microcarrier beads. Untreated endothelial cells inhibit tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation, as well as tumor cell attachment to endothelial cells. Inhibition of endothelial cell PGI2 production by indomethacin obviates this inhibition.
Long gain length Iodine solar-pumped laser (1984)

Space-based lasers have been considered for such applications as power beaming to remote receiver spacecraft requiring onboard electrical power and propulsion. For large power requirements or many receiver spacecraft, such a system may be more cost effective than present day solar photovoltaic power systems. One attractive solar- pumped laser candidate is the iodine laser system. The lasing wavelength of 1.3 pm is good for beam propagation in space, and cw lasing has routinely been achieved using Hg lamp sources. For solar- pumped iodine lasers the best lasant to date is C3F7I, which absorbs incident solar light between 250 and 300 nm.
Implications of Upwells as Hydrodynamic Jets in a Pulse Jet Mixed System (2017)

This report evaluates the physics of the upwell flow in pulse jet mixed systems in the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Although the initial downward flow and radial flow from jets characteristic of pulse jet mixers (PJMs) has been analyzed, the upwells have received considerably less attention despite having significant implications for vessel mixing. Do the upwells behave like jets? How do the upwells scale? When will the central upwell break through? What proportion of the vessel is blended by the upwells themselves? Indeed, how the physics of the central upwell is affected by multiple PJMs (e.g., six in the proposed mixing vessels), non-Newtonian rheology, and significant multicomponent solids loadings remain unexplored.
Ultra-compact modulators based on novel CMOS-compatible plasmonic materials (2013)

We propose several planar layouts of ultra-compact plasmonic waveguide modulators that utilize alternative CMOS-compatible materials. The modulation is efficiently achieved by tuning the carrier concentration in a transparent conducting oxide layer, thereby tuning the waveguide either in plasmonic resonance or off-resonance. Resonance significantly increases the absorption coefficient of the plasmonic waveguide, which enables larger modulation depth. We show that an extinction ratio of 86 dB/um can be achieved, allowing for a 3-dB modulation depth in less than one micron at the telecommunication wavelength. Our multilayer structures can potentially be integrated with existing plasmonic and photonic waveguides as well as novel semiconductor-based hybrid photonic/electronic circuits.
Automated facial expression recognition app development on smart phones using cloud computing (2017)

Automated human emotion detection is a topic of significant interest in the field of computer vision. Over the past decade, much emphasis has been on using facial expression recognition (FER) to extract emotion from facial expressions. In this paper, the proposed system presents a novel method of facial recognition based on the cloud model, in combination with the traditional facial expression system. The process of predicting emotions from facial expression images contains several stages. The first stage of this system is the pre-processing stage, which is applied by detecting the face in images and then resizing the images. The second stage involves extracting features from facial expression images using Facial Landmarks and Center of Gravity (COG) feature extraction algorithms, which generate the training and testing datasets that contain the expressions of Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Neutrality, Sadness, and Surprise. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are then used for the classification stage in order to predict the emotion. In addition, a Confusion Matrix (CM) technique is used to evaluate the performance of these classifiers. The proposed system is tested on CK+, JAFFE, and KDEF databases. However, the proposed system achieved a prediction rate of 96.3% when Facial Landmarks and the Center of Gravity (COG)+SVM method are used.
Enhanced B2 Ordering of FeRh Thin Films Using B2 NiAl Underlayers (2011)

B2-ordered FeRh thin films undergo a first-order magnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state at low temperature to a ferromagnetic (FM) state above 350 K and reverse back on cooling with a finite hysteresis. This property makes them very attractive for use in temperature-controlled exchange coupling layers for heat-assisted magnetic recording. In order to be used as an exchange coupling layer, the goal is to fabricate ultra-thin films of FeRh that show reversible AFM-FM switching. For thinner films grown on MgO substrates, there exists an FM signal below the AFM-FM transition temperature. It is demonstrated that there is a direct correlation between the low-temperature FM fraction and the extent of atomic ordering. Based on this observation, the enhanced atomic order in FeRh grown on NiAl underlayers is shown to result in bulk-like AFM-FM switching, especially for the thinner films.
Synthesis of N1′‐([<sup>11</sup>C]methyl)naltrindole ([<sup>11</sup>C]MeNTI): A radioligand for positron emission tomographic studies of delta opioid receptors (1995)

Abstract A delta opioid receptor antagonist, N1′‐methylnaltrindole (MeNTI), has been labeled with carbon‐11. The precursor for radiolabeling was prepared in 71% yield by benzylation of the phenolic moiety of naltrindole. Alkylation of the indole nitrogen using [ 11 C]iodomethane and aqueous tetra( n ‐butyl)ammonium hydroxide at 80 °C in dimethylformamide followed by hydrogenolysis (H 2 , 10% Pd‐C) of the benzyl protecting group gave [ 11 C]MeNTI. The average (n = 10) time for radiosynthesis, HPLC purification and formulation was 24 min from end‐of‐bombardment. [ 11 C]MeNTI of high radiochemical purity was obtained at end‐of‐synthesis with an average specific activity of 2050 mCi/μmol and radiochemical yield, based on [ 11 C]iodomethane, of 6%.
Verifiable random functions (2003)

We efficiently combine unpredictability and verifiability by extending the Goldreich-Goldwasser-Micali (1986) construction of pseudorandom functions f/sub s/ from a secret seed s, so that knowledge of s not only enables one to evaluate f/sub s/ at any point x, but also to provide an NP-proof that the value f/sub s/(x) is indeed correct without compromising the unpredictability of f/sub s/ at any other point for which no such a proof was provided.
Long-term follow-up of patients with thalamic deep brain stimulation for epilepsy (2006)

The authors describe long-term follow-up (mean, 5 years) in patients with anterior (AN) (n = 6) or centromedian (n = 2) thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for epilepsy. Five patients (all AN) had > or = 50% seizure reduction, although benefit was delayed in two until years 5 to 6, after changes in antiepileptic drugs. DBS electrode implantation in AN patients was followed by seizure reduction 1 to 3 months before active stimulation, raising the possibility of a beneficial microthalamotomy effect.
Bioluminescence In The Marine Environment (1984)

The Naval Ocean Systems Center And The Naval Oceanographic Office Have Been Making Measurements Of Bioluminescence In Conjunction With Other Oceanographic Parameters In Surface Waters (Upper 200 Meters) And To Depths Of 3650 Meters Using Submersible Vehicles. Biological Samples And Laboratory Measurements Of Individual Organisms' Flash Signatures Are Also Obtained. Pumped/ Closed (Closed In This Text Signifies Light Baffeled) Detectors Are Routinely Used For Surface And Depth Measurements Of Bioluminescence. An Open (Open Signifies Viewing Directly Out Into The Seawater) System Is Used In Conjunction With A Pumped Detector For Deep Dives. A Brief Overview Of The Instrumentation, Some Examples Of Data Obtained, And Conclusions Based On Measurements Are Presented.
Violation of single parameter scaling in random periodic-on-average systems (2003)

Summary form only given. Localization properties of random periodic-on-average systems are studied. It is shown that the statistics of states within and outside of original conductance bands are completely different. A new scaling behavior of the latter states is demonstrated.
[Chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2004)

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently show early recurrence even after hepatic resection and local ablation therapy. Moreover, many patients exhibit multiple HCC with or without distant metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. Accordingly, to improve the overall survival of patients with HCC, effective systemic treatment, including chemotherapy, is needed. No agent has reproducibly documented a high response rate, and few chemotherapeutic regimens show meaningful impact on patient survival. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to establish effective treatment for patients with HCC.
Development of molecular tests for the detection of ILAR and latent viruses in fruit trees. (2004)

The detection throughout the year of latent and ILAR viruses in fruit tress by classical serological tests appear to be unreliable. We have developed RT-PCR tests for a reliable detection of latent and ILAR viruses in fruit trees. These assays were then simplified to allow the direct use of crude plant extracts instead of total RNA preparations, and the analyses of pooled samples. In this way, such RT-PCR protocols are suitable for a routine diagnosis of latent and ILAR viruses in fruit tree certification.
Direct Evidence for SAA Deposition in Tissues During Murine Amyloidogenesis (1994)

To study the mechanism of amyloid deposition, the nature of amyloid proteins formed in experimental murine amyloidosis, was examined. Spleen specimens, 15-60 mg, were homogenized and extracted using aqueous acidic acetonitrile, in a recently developed procedure, making it possible to obtain amyloid proteins from minute amounts of tissue. The extracted material, 1.5-4 mg, was analysed by Western blotting and ELISA using antibodies recognizing differentially proteins AA and SAA. Two immunoreactive proteins of 8 and 12 KDa were isolated and subjected to amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequence determination. The results of immunochemical and chemical examination showed that the 8 and 12 KDa proteins represented proteins AA and SAA, respectively. The data obtained provide new direct evidence for SAA in tissues during murine amyloidogenesis.
Varying the Terrain of Epigenetic Landscapes: Implications for Human Cancer (2015)

The journey from embryonic stem cell to a fully developed liver, heart or muscle cell requires not only having the right set of genes, but also having genes that are turned on and off at the right time — a job that is handled in part by DNA‐packaging proteins known as histones. Cells use a number of mechanisms to establish and maintain the activation or silencing of specific genes. Among these is the chemical modification of histones, discussed in the second lecture. In addition, histone variants, which differ from other histone proteins by just a handful of amino acids, can be inserted at specific locations in the genome to provide a cell with another mechanism for fine‐tuning gene regulation. Dr. Allis' group has shown that histone variants play an important role in determining how and when genes are read or are silenced. Recent work from Dr. Allis' laboratory has focused upon one member of the histone H3 family known as H3.3. In comparing the genome‐wide localization of H3.3, Allis and co‐workers found that histone H3.3 is prevalent in regions of the genome where active genes are found, as well as in silent regions, such as at the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres. They went on to identify several additional proteins associated with H3.3. Two of them, ATRX and Daxx, were then discovered to be frequently mutated in a sporadic, non‐functional pancreatic cancers, known as panNETs. Current experiments seek to determine whether genetic deficiency of Daxx and ATRX in pancreatic neuroendocrine cells is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Mutations in histone H3.3 itself have also been found in pediatric brain tumors (gliomas). Allis and co‐workers have recently asked ‐‐ how one of these mutations might act cause cancer in young children‾ Surprisingly they find that a specific mutation in H3.3 often found in the pediatric brain tumors inhibits histone methylation of all histone H3 at this site, a site methylated to induce gene silencing. Moreover, the specific mutation in H3.3 acts by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for bringing about methylation at this site. These data indicate that this specific type of mutation in histones might be more broadly applicable to the development and progression of other tumour types. It is not yet clear why aberrant epigenetic silencing of this enzyme results in the development of pediatric brain tumors, and further research is needed in an attempt to develop a better understanding of these difficult to treat childhood cancers.
Automated Environmental Simulation Model Tor Analyzing Wound Fiber Optic Bobbins (1987)

The life of optical fibers under stress for an extended period of time is limited by static fatigue caused by stress corrosion in the presence of moisture. In order to predict the life of wound optical fibers, it is necessary to accelerate the aging process by simulating the storage environment (stress, temperature, and humidity) in a short period of time. Existing environmental test systems have been proven useful in the simulation of the storage environment; however, the data is limited due to the manual mode of operation. An automated environmental simulation model is developed to control, collect, process, and analyze optical loss data while measuring temperature and humidity. The environmental conditions for optical fibers wound for various applications are simulated in order to understand the interrelationships between wound fiber parameters including spool composition/design, winding tension, adhesives, and fiber cable design. Experimental investigations are carried out to expose wound optical fiber to simulated environments while monitoring changes in the optical and mechanical characteristics of the fibers. Based on the preliminary results of the data obtained, the automated simulation system is proven acceptable for performing routine modeling and evaluations. The automated system is a valuable instrument to aid in the characterization of optical fibers.
Implementation and Evaluation of On-demand Address Allocation for Event-Driven Sensor Network (2004)

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient address allocation method for the event-driven sensor network, and implement and evaluate the proposed method. The proposed method allocates a temporary address only to a sensor node which detects an event, on an on-demand basis. By performing simulation studies, we evaluated the proposed method and compared it with one of the existing methods from the perspective of the number of control messages for the address allocation. The results show that the number of control messages of the proposed method is small compared to that of the existing methods. We also evaluated the processing time overhead of the proposed method using the implemented system. Although the proposed method has little extra overhead, the results show the processing time is short enough for practical use.