gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of a cellular gene by human interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha. (1988)

Two cDNA clones complementary to interferon (IFN)-gamma inducible mRNAs in human cells were isolated, and one of these, C5-4, was used for studying the regulation of its cognate mRNA by IFNs. C5-4 cDNA hybridized to a 2.2-kilobase mRNA that coded for a 42,000 Mr polypeptide in vitro. This mRNA was induced by HuIFN-gamma as well as by HuIFN-alpha 2 but in different manners: (i) IFN-gamma induced this mRNA greater than 100-fold and this induction was sustained for at least 48 h, whereas IFN-alpha 2 induced it approximately 10-fold but only transiently. (ii) Cells that were pretreated with IFN-alpha 2 (18h) became refractory to induction by IFN-alpha 2 but responded normally to IFN-gamma. (iii) Cycloheximide (50 micrograms/ml) and anisomycin (10 micron or higher) inhibited the induction by IFN-gamma but not by IFN-alpha 2, suggesting the requirement for some newly synthesized, presumably IFN-gamma-induced, protein factor(s) in IFN-gamma-mediated but not in IFN-alpha 2-mediated induction. Interestingly, this inhibition by cycloheximide of the IFN-gamma-mediated induction was overcome by 24 h, whereas a sustained inhibition was obtained with anisomycin. Our results suggest that this release from cycloheximide-mediated inhibition was apparently due to a leakiness in its inhibitory action on protein biosynthesis. As analyzed by nuclear runoff transcription, IFN-gamma induced the transcription of C5-4-specific RNA within 2 h and it was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that the newly synthesized protein mediator(s) required plays a role in the transcriptional activation of the C5-4 gene by IFN-gamma. Southern blot analysis indicated that the C5-4 gene is present in a single copy in the genome. The results demonstrate that IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha induced the expression of a common gene through different mechanisms and suggest the involvement of an intermediary mechanism in IFN-gamma-mediated transcriptional activation of certain cellular genes.
A demountable glass circulating pump (1962)

A glass circulating pump is described which has the advantage of being demountable, allowing removal of the solenoid and piston from the cylinder. A pulsing circuit is used to produce flow rates in the range 0.5-200 litres per hour.
A 16-kbit/s bandwidth scalable audio coder based on the G.729 standard (2002)

This paper proposes a bandwidth-scalable coding scheme based on the G.729 standard as a base layer coder. In the scheme, according to the channel conditions, the output speech of the decoder can be selected to be narrowband (4-kHz bandwidth) or wideband (8-kHz bandwidth). The proposed scheme consists of two layers: base and enhancement. The base coder uses the G.729 algorithm to encode narrowband speech. The enhancement coder is based on a full-band CELP model and it encodes wideband speech while making use of the available base layer information. Two bandwidth-scalable coders are designed: one is scalable with the 8 kbit/s G.729 base coder and another with the 6.4 kbit/s G.729 (Annex D) base coder. Subjective tests show that, for wideband speech, the proposed coders at 16 kbit/s achieve better performance than the 16 kbit/s MPEG-4 CELP with bandwidth scalability.
Thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors of ethylcellulose (1992)

Abstract The thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors of ethylcellullose (EC) were investigated by DSC, polarizing microscope with hot stage, and capillary rheometer. It was found that only those EC that have the ethoxyl content over 45% can exhibit the thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors: the DSC trace showed the transition from mesophase to isotropic phase, the texture appeared under the crossed polarizer, and the rheological flow curves exhibited two yield points.
Application of DCIM to MPIE-MoM analysis of 3D PEC objects in multilayered media (2002)

The Formulation-C Green's functions for multilayered media are reformulated in this paper to extract z-dependent part when the source and observation points are in different layers. The discrete complex image method (DCIM), is applied to obtain complex images independent on z but dependent on z/spl acute/. For simulation of three-dimensional (3-D) perfectly electrical conduction (PEC) objects penetrating two or more layers, tables of complex images are built in a z/spl acute/-grid. During the matrix-filling stage of the mixed-potential integral equation, together with method of moments (MPIE-MoM), the spatial-domain Green's functions are interpolated from values in the z/spl acute/-grid, while these values are calculated from complex images in the z/spl acute/-grid. This interpolation scheme is more efficient than those directly storing the spatial-domain Green's functions. Numerical examples are given for analyzing a dipole in a two-layered media.
Efficient Testing of Large Pools of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> RD1 Peptides and Identification of Major Antigens and Immunodominant Peptides Recognized by Human Th1 Cells (2008)

Comparative genomics has identified several regions of difference (RDs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are deleted or absent in Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccines. To determine their relevance for diagnostic and vaccine applications, it is imperative that efficient methods are developed to test the encoded proteins for immunological reactivity. In this study, we have used 220 synthetic peptides covering sequences of 12 open reading frames (ORFs) of RD1 and tested them as a single pool (RD1(pool)) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and M. bovis BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects in Th1 cell assays that measure antigen-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. The results showed that RD1(pool) induced strong responses in both TB patients and BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects. The subsequent testing of peptide pools of individual ORFs revealed that all ORFs induced positive responses in a portion of donors, but PPE68, CFP10, and ESAT6 induced strong responses in TB patients and PPE68 induced strong responses in BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects. In addition, HLA-DR and -DQ typing of donors and HLA-DR binding prediction analysis of proteins suggested HLA-promiscuous presentation of PPE68, CFP10, and ESAT6. Further testing of individual peptides showed that a single peptide of PPE68 (121-VLTATNFFGINTIPIALTEMDYFIR-145) was immunodominant. The search for sequence homology revealed that a part of this peptide, 124-ATNFFGINTIPIAL-137, was present in several PPE family proteins of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG vaccines. Further experiments limited the promiscuous and immunodominant epitope region to the 10-amino-acid cross-reactive sequence 127-FFGINTIPIA-136.
The use of spinning disc reactor for processing ice cream base – effect of ageing in making model ice cream (2009)

Summary Spinning disc reactor (SDR) technology was tested to produce an ice cream base, which was subsequently used to make model ice cream. The ice cream base containing butterfat, lecithin, xanthan gum, sugar, skimmed milk and double cream was passed over the SDR disc spinning at 2900 rpm, heated at 80 °C and at a flow rate 6 mL s −1 . The physical properties of the SDR‐processed ice cream base such as particle size and viscosity measurments, and of model ice cream including overrun, meltdown rate and sensory perception were investigated. The SDR‐processed ice cream base exhibits narrow particle‐size distribution (average particle d 32 = 1.65 μm, d 43 = 2.98 μm) and the viscosity was found to be similar at zero and 18 h ageing, whilst the model ice cream requires zero‐hour ageing and has a high overrun value (∼85%) and slow meltdown rate as compared with a commercial sample. The results reveal that the SDR is capable of producing a highly stable ice cream base that requires significantly less ageing than the 18 h typically associated with the traditional process of making ice cream. The SDR process provides intense mixing of ingredients which facilitates the hydration of milk proteins and stabilisers.
Mechanisms that regulate adaptor binding to β-integrin cytoplasmic tails (2008)

Cells recognize and respond to their extracellular environment through transmembrane receptors such as integrins, which physically connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Integrins provide the basis for the assembly of intracellular signaling platforms that link to the cytoskeleton and influence nearly every aspect of cell physiology; however, integrins possess no enzymatic or actin-binding activity of their own and thus rely on adaptor molecules, which bind to the short cytoplasmic tails of integrins, to mediate and regulate these functions. Many adaptors compete for relatively few binding sites on integrin tails, so regulatory mechanisms have evolved to reversibly control the spatial and temporal binding of specific adaptors. This Commentary discusses the adaptor proteins that bind directly to the tails of beta integrins and, using talin, tensin, filamin, 14-3-3 and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as examples, describes the ways in which their binding is regulated.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting RNA with Small‐Molecule Drugs: Therapeutic Promise and Chemical Challenges (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Knowing as Neighboring: Approaching Thoreau’s Kalendar (2014)

In the final years of his life, Thoreau consolidated the detailed observations of seasonal change recorded in the later years of his Journal in a variety of lists and charts sometimes referred to as his "Kalendar." Though these unpublished materials have received relatively little scholarly attention to date, they have important implications not only for the ongoing reassessment of Thoreau's place in the history of ideas in America, but also for our changing understanding of the categories of the literary and the scientific, the human and the natural. In the Kalendar project, Thoreau enacts a model of knowing as "neighboring." Through his daily practices of walking and writing, Thoreau arrives at a new way of being-with, and thus of knowing, the non-human. Such a project poses difficulties for both literary and scientific approaches, a fact which has contributed to the Kalendar's relative obscurity. In this essay, I will map the ways that science studies, particularly the work of Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway and Karen Barad, may be useful for our understanding of Thoreau's Kalendar and for the epistemology he developed in the latter half of his career.
Conversational Routines of Requesting in Spoken Singapore and British English: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study (2005)

This paper is a corpus-based comparative analysis of conversational routines in spoken British and Singapore English. It investigates the linguistic realizations, frequencies, distribution and distributive features of the conversational routines of requesting in the five text types of the two parallel corpora of the ICE project, ICE-SIN and ICE-GB. Corpus analysis tools, ICECUP and WordSmith, are used in the search and analysis of conversational routines in the two corpora. The theoretical framework for the analysis of conversational routines is mainly provided by speech act theory and Gricean pragmatics. It has been found that, although some differences in the use of conversational routines can be seen in some of the text types in the corpora, there are, on the whole, more similarities than differences between British and Singapore English.
Multichannel Thomson scattering apparatus (1978)

A Thomson scattering apparatus for measuring the electron temperature and density along a 90-cm diam of the PLT plasma has been built. A wide angle objective images the 3-mm x 900-mm ruby laser beam onto an image dissector which rearranges the 300:1 image to 20:1 forming the input slit of a spectrometer. The stigmatic spectrometer provides twenty wavelength elements of ~70 A each. A microchannel-plate image intensifier optically coupled to a cooled SIT tube provides detection with single frame linearity and 1000:1 dynamic range. Spatial profiles of N(e) and T(e) in the 10(13)-10(14)-cm(-3) range and 0.05-3 keV have an accuracy of 30 [10(13)/N(e) (cm(-3))]((1/2))% per 1.2-cm element.
Community-acquired pneumonia in Europe: causative pathogens and resistance patterns (2002)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common condition affecting about 1/1,000 of the adult population per year. It occurs when bacteria enter the alveolar spaces of the lung initiating an inflammatory response which leads to the clinical features of cough, sputum production, breathlessness and sometimes chest pain and haemoptysis. At the end of the last century the causal relationship between bacteria and pneumonia was established and many of the early discoveries about the causes of CAP were made in Europe. Some 41 different prospective studies have established that approximately 10 different microbial pathogens regularly cause CAP with occasional cases due to other rarer causes. The frequency of these organisms in Europe is similar in most countries, but there are some geographic differences. Differences in frequency are also apparent according to illness severity. It is generally recognised that Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important causal bacterium in all countries. A relatively recent development has been the appearance and spread, in some of the common causative bacteria, of resistance to commonly used antibiotics to which they were once sensitive. The frequency of such resistance does vary markedly between European countries. However, published data is often difficult to interpret. The reasons for this are that the frequency of resistance varies according to the age of the patient, the site of the sample, the clinical diagnosis, the use of prior antibiotics and the influence of special groups e.g. those with cystic fibrosis. The impact of in vitro antibiotic resistance on clinical outcome is still poorly understood, but recent studies are helping to clarify this issue and will be discussed.
Curcumin Attenuates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Downregulating TNF-α in a Rat Model (2013)

The mechanisms involved in diabetic neuropathic pain are complex and involve peripheral and central pathophysiological phenomena. Proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor 1, which are markers of inflammation, contribute to neuropathic pain. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on diabetic pain in rats. We tested 24 rats with diabetes induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and 24 healthy control rats. Twelve rats in each group received 60 mg/kg oral curcumin daily for 28 days, and the other 12 received vehicle. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, we tested mechanical allodynia with von Frey hairs and thermal hyperalgesia with radiant heat. Markers of inflammation in the spinal cord dorsal horn on day 28 were estimated with a commercial assay and Western blot analysis. Compared to control rats, diabetic rats exhibited increased mean plasma glucose concentration, decreased mean body weight, and significant pain hypersensitivity, as evidenced by decreased paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey hairs and decreased paw withdrawal latency to heat. Curcumin significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia and reduced the expression of both TNF-α and TNF-α receptor 1. Curcumin seems to relieve diabetic hyperalgesia, possibly through an inhibitory action on TNF-α and TNF-α receptor 1.
Paliperidone Use in the Elderly (2010)

Paliperidone, the active metabolite of risperidone is a relatively recent introduction for the treatment of schizophrenia. There is paucity of data regarding the use of paliperidone in elderly patients. We have attempted to highlight the prominent aspects of the use of paliperidone in the geriatric population. The limited data indicate that paliperidone may be effective and safe in the treatment of schizophrenia in the elderly.
Configuring distributed multimedia applications using CINEMA (2002)

We describe the configuration of distributed multimedia applications using the CINEMA system. Components, interconnected by links via ports are used to handle multimedia data. Configuration management controls these interconnections, establishes components in threads on different systems and allows an interactive control of data handling functions. We present an object-oriented interface, that is able to handle different types of components. To demonstrate the flexibility of this approach we explain a generic application of the CINEMA system to do an interactive configuration of applications using a graphical interface.
Measuring Personal Service Quality (2002)

Abstract This study examined the personal service quality of international tourism hotels in China by measuring international hotel customer's satisfaction level and their perceived importance evaluation of personal service attributes. Six international hotels in Beijing and three departments (reception, food and beverage, and housekeeping) in each hotel were selected in this study. Responses from 472 customers were used for the data analysis of this study. It was found that customers identified friendliness and willingness to provide service in all three departments as service attributes with which they were very satisfied. Foreign language ability was identified as the least satisfactory in the reception and food and beverage departments. Customers also regarded friendliness and willingness to provide service as very important.
Integrating Various Resources for Gene Name Normalization (2012)

The recognition and normalization of gene mentions in biomedical literature are crucial steps in biomedical text mining. We present a system for extracting gene names from biomedical literature and normalizing them to gene identifiers in databases. The system consists of four major components: gene name recognition, entity mapping, disambiguation and filtering. The first component is a gene name recognizer based on dictionary matching and semi-supervised learning, which utilizes the co-occurrence information of a large amount of unlabeled MEDLINE abstracts to enhance feature representation of gene named entities. In the stage of entity mapping, we combine the strategies of exact match and approximate match to establish linkage between gene names in the context and the EntrezGene database. For the gene names that map to more than one database identifiers, we develop a disambiguation method based on semantic similarity derived from the Gene Ontology and MEDLINE abstracts. To remove the noise produced in the previous steps, we design a filtering method based on the confidence scores in the dictionary used for NER. The system is able to adjust the trade-off between precision and recall based on the result of filtering. It achieves an F-measure of 83% (precision: 82.5% recall: 83.5%) on BioCreative II Gene Normalization (GN) dataset, which is comparable to the current state-of-the-art.
DESIGN OF PELJEŠAC BRIDGE (2008)

The southern part of Croatia, including the city of Dubrovnik, is currently separated from the rest of Croatia by a small coastal stretch belonging to the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The new bridge crossing the sea strait between the Croatian mainland and the Peljesac peninsula shall provide the fixed road link between the whole of Croatia and also further the development of the Peljesac peninsula and adjacent islands. Extensive off-shore site investigations were carried out, including continuous shear wave survey and geotechnical explorations from a specially equipped drill ship, to obtain soil parameters for the design of bridge foundations. A site-specific seismic study was undertaken based on the seismic source zone characterization and attenuation relationships for the south of Croatia. Over 10 bridge types, including beams, trusses, arches and cable-stayed bridges, were studied at the preliminary stage. Finally a cable stayed bridge with the steel superstructure was chosen for the main design.
Constructing a Secure Point-to-Point Wireless Environments by Integrating Diffie-Hellman PKDS and Stream Ciphering (2010)

Recently, wireless communication has been popularly used in our everyday life. However, its security is a crucial challenge since wireless messages are broadcasted in the air through which hackers can intercept the massages and realize what the contents of the messages are. That is why security has been one of the most important issues in wireless communication studies. Encrypting messages to ciphertexts is one of the methods to solve this problem. But, it also causes another problem, i.e., how to safely and confidentially encrypt and deliver security keys so that hackers have to spend a very long time before they can decrypt the ciphertexts. In this paper, we propose a novel Diffie-Hellman-based Public Key Distribution System (DH-PKDS for short) which adopts a stream cipher technique to encode plaintext with a pseudo random number sequence (PRNS for short). We have verified the proposed method, and experimental results show that the proposed system is truly suitable in wireless environments.
Toward Convolutional Blind Denoising of Real Photographs (2019)

While deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved impressive success in image denoising with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), their performance remains limited on real-world noisy photographs. The main reason is that their learned models are easy to overfit on the simplified AWGN model which deviates severely from the complicated real-world noise model. In order to improve the generalization ability of deep CNN denoisers, we suggest training a convolutional blind denoising network (CBDNet) with more realistic noise model and real-world noisy-clean image pairs. On the one hand, both signal-dependent noise and in-camera signal processing pipeline is considered to synthesize realistic noisy images. On the other hand, real-world noisy photographs and their nearly noise-free counterparts are also included to train our CBDNet. To further provide an interactive strategy to rectify denoising result conveniently, a noise estimation subnetwork with asymmetric learning to suppress under-estimation of noise level is embedded into CBDNet. Extensive experimental results on three datasets of real-world noisy photographs clearly demonstrate the superior performance of CBDNet over state-of-the-arts in terms of quantitative met- rics and visual quality. The code has been made available at https://github.com/GuoShi28/CBDNet.
Synchronous/asynchronous switch for a dynamic choice of communication model in distributed systems (2003)

As the programming of distributed systems becomes more complex, new programming models have been used for creating applications. Communication between different system components is based on two main communication models: communication by messages and communication by remote method invocations. The choice of synchronous communication via remote method invocation or of message-based asynchronous communication still remains an early decision made at the time of the application design. In this article we propose a mechanism for dynamic and transparent switching of the communication model used between the components of a distributed system. This mechanism, aimed especially at large scale applications and mobile systems, offers the possibility to adapt the communication model to the execution context of an application and changes in its communication environment.