gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment in the Pulp and Paper Industry: A Review (2014)

The effluents of some pulp and paper processes are potentially pollutant, because of their large volume and their refractory nature. Biological processes generally are not capable to remove these compounds. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) are characterized by the capability of exploiting the high reactivity of HOâ¢ radicals. AOP can produce a total mineralization, transforming recalcitrant compounds into inorganic substances (CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), or partial mineralization, transforming them into more biodegradable substances. The high reactivity and low selectivity of these radicals are useful attributes that that make these processes in promising technologies. Due to the differences between pulping processes, the effluents from the various processes and operations of such industries also differ from each other, so that some oxidative processes should be combined to improve the removal efficiency. For the effective oxidation of refractory organic compounds, hydroxyl radicals should be generated continuously in situ due to its chemical instability. Generation of HOâ¢ is commonly accelerated by combining oxidizing agents. Among these treatments, UV radiation plus hydrogen peroxide (UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), Fenton's reagent (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/Fe<SUP>+2</SUP>), photo-Fenton (UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/Fe<SUP>+2</SUP>), and ozone in different combinations (O<SUB>3</SUB>/UV; O<SUB>3</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) are considered to be effective for the oxidation of effluents from pulp and paper industries.
[The role of the ADP/ATP-antiporter in the inhibition of nonspecific permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane by cyclosporin A]. (1991)

The effect of the conformational state of the ADP/ATP-antiporter on the efficiency of inhibition by cyclosporine A of the Ca(2+)-induced increase of nonspecific permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane was under study. It was found that the ADP/ATP-antiporter inhibitor carboxyatractyloside is able to reverse the cyclosporine A-induced inhibition of this nonspecific permeability. The effect of carbocyatractyloside is manifested only in mitochondria depleted of adenine nucleotides. The bifunctional SH-reagent phenylarsine oxide is also able to reverse the cyclosporine A effect. The data obtained testify to the fact that inhibition by cyclosporine A of nonspecific permeability is due to its effect on the conformational state of the ADP/ATP-antiporter.
[Effect of apoptosis induced by different vitamin E homologous analogues in human hepatoma cells (HepG2)]. (2003)

To observe the effect of alpha-tocopherol(gamma-T), delta-tocopherol(delta-T), delta-tocopherol(delta-T), and vitamin E succinate (VES) on apoptosis induced in human hepatoma cells (HepG2), the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and DNA ladder under the treatment of different VE homologues analogues (alpha-T, gamma-T, delta-T and VES) at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) for 48 hours. The results showed that the growth of HepG2 cells was inhibited by delta-T and VES at 12.5-200 mg/L in comparison with the negative control group, while gamma-T showed weak effect of inhibition and alpha-T did not show any inhibition effect. With the exception of alpha-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol and VES were effective in induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells at concentrations of 12.5-200 mg/L. gamma-tocopherol showed effect only at 200 mg/L. delta-tocopherol and VES decreased HepG2 cells growth and viability, and increased apoptotic propensity significantly. A dose-dependent of antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis were found in HepG2 cells line. The order of efficiency of four vitamin E analogues was delta-tocopherol > VES > gamma-tocopherol > alpha-tocopherol. It is suggested that delta-tocopherol and VES may be a agent that has a anti-hepatomatic potential.
Membrane Mimetic Chemistry (1984)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMembrane Mimetic ChemistrySystems that mimic aspects of biomembranes hold promise for controlling the rates and stereochemistry of reactions, enhancing solar energy conversion, and targeting drug deliveryJANOS H. FENDLERView Author Information Clarkson College of TechnologyCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1984, 62, 1, 25–38Publication Date (Print):January 2, 1984Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 2 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v062n001.p025https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v062n001.p025newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1984 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biomembranes,Membranes,Molecules Get e-Alerts
9-Decalyl free radicals. Decomposition of cis- and trans-9-decalylcarbinyl hypochlorite (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9-Decalyl free radicals. Decomposition of cis- and trans-9-decalylcarbinyl hypochloriteFrederick D. Greene and Nancy LowryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 4, 875–882Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01279a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01279a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning Automata: An Introduction (1989)

This self-contained introductory text on the behavior of learning automata focuses on how a sequential decision-maker with a finite number of choices responds in a random environment. Topics include fixed structure automata, variable structure stochastic automata, convergence, 0 and S models, nonstationary environments, interconnected automata and games, and applications of learning automata. A must for all students of stochastic algorithms, this treatment is the work of two well-known scientists and is suitable for a one-semester graduate course in automata theory and stochastic algorithms.
A laser manipulator for surgical use (1969)

A mechanical joint has been devised which gives two degrees of freedom to each of three joints in a laser beam steering linkage. This allows accurate counterbalancing of the system and, in conjunction with a CO2 laser, makes the device suitable for use as a surgical tool in `bloodless surgery'.
New mesogenic compounds having fork-like or cyclic amide terminal groups (2002)

Two homologous series of mesogenic materials with molecules containing an amide moiety, cyclic or symmetrically branched, as the terminal group have been synthesized. Materials of both series form lamellar liquid crystal phases. It was observed that elongation of the amide chains in ‘fork-like’ compounds destabilizes the mesophases, while ‘cyclic’ materials, even with quite large terminal amide rings, exhibit enantiotropic liquid crystalline phases.
Treatment targets in systemic lupus erythematosus: biology and clinical perspective (2012)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease characterized by numerous autoantibodies and clinical involvement in multiple organ systems. The immunological events triggering the onset and progression of clinical manifestations are also complex and multi-step, including breach of tolerance in the adaptive immune system, amplification of autoimmunity through innate and adaptive immune system dysregulation, and end-organ damage. Studies of murine genetic manipulations and human risk variants have provided important clues to the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of SLE, operating at multiple of these steps. The breakdown of B-cell tolerance is probably a defining and early event in the disease process and may occur by multiple pathways, including alterations in factors that affect B-cell activation thresholds, B-cell longevity, and apoptotic cell processing. Examples of amplification of autoimmunity on the adaptive immune system side include disturbances in B-cell/T-cell collaboration. B cells can also amplify innate immune cell activation via antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms. Indeed, one of the key amplification loops in SLE is the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells via autoantibodies and RNA-containing and DNA-containing immune complexes, which act as Toll-like receptor ligands, stimulating the secretion of large quantities of IFNα. A more recent link between the innate and adaptive immune system in SLE includes the neutrophil, which can be primed by interferon and autoantibodies to release neutrophil extracellular traps as an additional source of immunogenic DNA, histones, and neutrophil proteins. The innate immune system activation then feeds back, driving autoreactive B-cell and T-cell survival and maturation. This self-perpetuating disease cycle creates the opportunity for targeted treatment inventions at multiple steps.
An Augmented Lagrangean Approach for the QoS Constrained Routing Problem (2007)

Given a directed graph with capacities on each arc and given a set of commodities, the QoS constrained Routing Problem (QCRP) consists in routing each commodity while respecting a endto-end upper bound on the delay for each packet. This problem is NP-hard and we propose an augmented Lagrangean approach to solve it. A flow deviation algorithm as well as a projected gradient method are proposed to solve the inner problem in the augmented Lagrangean approach. The delay and the load functions are approximated either by an analytical function or by a neural network. Computational results are reported to show the effectiveness of the projected gradient method and the neural network approximation.
At the edge of documentary: participatory online nonfiction (2013)

Calls for participatory nonfiction are not new, particularly from the ethnographic film movement. However, the Internet has given them new momentum. User-generated content (UGC) and its online distribution through social media have created a largely untapped resource for producers of co-created nonfiction. Resultant opportunities and challenges exist on three interpenetrating continua: firstly, sourcing content; secondly, structure and form; and thirdly, distribution. I will propose a typology with examples of recent projects. Some co-created projects claim to be documentaries. Their relationship to that form depends on whether a coherent ‘voice’ rises above the database of multivocal elements such projects contain. Online co-created nonfiction projects may be more participatory, but participation may come at the cost of received ideas of documentary practice (for example, those of Grierson 1946; Renov 2004 and Nichols 1983). The opportunities of UGC and co-creation suggest that a new space is being excavated in nonfiction – one concerned with community and niche cultures rather than addressing an external audience looking for recognisable encounters with documentary practice. The creators of these hybrid projects must develop a more sophisticated understanding of documentary practice if they wish to appeal to a wider audience. Meanwhile, scholars should be wary of including all co-created nonfiction within the scope of documentary practice, as this move threatens to render that term meaningless.
An evolutionary and cooperative agents model for optimization (2002)

The authors propose the use of genetic algorithms (GA) to optimize another algorithm for optimization. The aim is to integrate the approach introduced by Dorigo et al., known as the ant system, with GA, exploiting the cooperative effect of the latter and the evolutionary effect of GA. An ant algorithm aims to solve problems of combinatorial optimization by means of a population of agents/processors that work parallel without a supervisor in a cooperative manner. A genetic algorithm aims to optimize the performance of the ant population by selecting optimal values for its parameters by means of evolution of the genetic patrimony associated with each single agent. The approach has been applied to the traveling salesman problem; results and comparisons with the original method are presented.
A thermal phase-locked loop for frequency stabilization of internal-mirror He-Ne lasers (λ=0.633 μm) (1991)

A new servo circuit based on the thermal phase-locked loop (TPLL) has been developed for frequency stabilization of internal-mirror He-Ne laser. A feedback signal proportional to the fluctuation in the frequency of the laser is down-converted through a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and compared in a phase/frequency circuit with that of a frequency reference. The detected phase difference then drives a heater wrapped around the laser tube for tuning the laser cavity length. The frequency stability achieved is ±1.0×10−9 over a period of several hours.
The effect of high-dose simvastatin on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2005)

Statins decrease triglycerides (TGs) in addition to decreasing low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Although the mechanism for the latter effect is well understood, it is still unclear how TG decrease is achieved with statin therapy. Because hypertriglyceridemia is common in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we studied triglyceride-rich lipoprotein triglyceride (TRL-TG) turnover in 12 such subjects using stable isotopically labeled glycerol. The diabetic subjects were studied after 12 weeks of placebo and after a similar course of therapy with simvastatin (80 mg daily) in a single-blind design. The results were compared with those from six nonobese nondiabetic control subjects. Simvastatin therapy reduced serum TGs by 35% in the diabetic subjects. Compared with the control subjects, TRL-TG secretion was almost 2-fold higher in the diabetic subjects (45.4 +/- 4.9 vs. 24.4 +/- 1.9 micromol/min; P < 0.002) and was unaffected by simvastatin therapy. However, TRL-TG clearance was significantly increased in the diabetic subjects during simvastatin treatment compared with placebo (0.25 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.02 pools/h; P < 0.002). This change was accompanied by a 49% increase in preheparin plasma lipase activity (P < 0.03) and a 21% increase in postheparin LPL activity (P < 0.01). Together, these findings provide strong evidence that the effect of statins on serum TGs is related to an increase in LPL activity, resulting in accelerated delipidation of TRL particles. The effect of high-dose simvastatin on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Last Street (2013)

Leeds Psychogeography Group will be hosting a talk titled ‘The Last Street’, in which Art and Design student Steph Last will discuss the art of street photography and it's benefits in the community.
Dynamic memory allocation technique for virtual machines (2015)

Virtualization technology is drawing a renewed attention from variety of application domain such as data centres, desktop computing and cloud computing etc. Virtualization improves the utilization of hardware resources such as network I/O, processor and memory. Allocating an appropriate amount of main memory resource to virtual machines is challenging task. Static allocation is one approach for managing memory but it leads to inefficient memory utilization. Different application have different memory requirements, even a single application shows varied working set during its execution therefore an optimal memory management technique under a virtualized environment is needed to manage memory dynamically. This paper proposes an efficient memory management technique which includes global allocation technique along with memory releasing and memory growing technique for satisfying the memory demand on run time. The result of this methods leads to better memory utilization, improves the performance of the overall system and maximizes the memory usage
Effect of Biodegradable Epoxidized Castor Oil on Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins (2004)

Abstract Summary: Biobased epoxy materials were prepared from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and epoxidized castor oil (ECO) initiated by a latent thermal catalyst. The physicochemical and mechanical interfacial properties of the DGEBA/ECO blends were investigated. As a result, the thermal stability of the cured epoxy blends showed a maximum value in the presence of 10 wt.‐% ECO content, which was attributed to the excellent network structure in the DGEBA/ECO blends. The storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the blends were lower than those of neat epoxy resins. The mechanical interfacial properties of the cured specimens were significantly increased with increasing the ECO content. This could be interpreted in terms of the addition of larger soft segments of ECO into the epoxy resins and thus reducing the crosslinking density of the epoxy network, which results in increasing toughness in the blends. K IC values of the DGEBA/ECO blends as a function of ECO content. magnified image K IC values of the DGEBA/ECO blends as a function of ECO content.
Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores (1997)

The aim of many analyses of large databases is to draw causal inferences about the effects of actions, treatments, or interventions. Examples include the effects of various options available to a physician for treating a particular patient, the relative efficacies of various health care providers, and the consequences of implementing a new national health care policy. A complication of using large databases to achieve such aims is that their data are almost always observational rather than experimental. That is, the data in most large data sets are not based on the results of carefully conducted randomized clinical trials, but rather represent data collected through the observation of systems as they operate in normal practice without any interventions implemented by randomized assignment rules. Such data are relatively inexpensive to obtain, however, and often do represent the spectrum of medical practice better than the settings of randomized experiments. Consequently, it is sensible to try to estimate the effects of treatments from such large data sets, even if only to help design a new randomized experiment or shed light on the generalizability of results from existing randomized experiments. However, standard methods of analysis using available statistical software (such as linear or logistic regression) can be deceptive for these objectives because they provide no warnings about their propriety. Propensity score methods are more reliable tools for addressing such objectives because the assumptions needed to make their answers appropriate are more assessable and transparent to the investigator.
Reductive Glutamine Metabolism is a Function of the Mass Action Kinetics between a-Ketoglutarate and Citrate (2012)

Reductively metabolized glutamine is a major carbon source for fatty acid synthesis during hypoxia or impaired mitochondrial respiration. Yet, a mechanistic understanding of the switch in flux direction and carbon source selection is missing. Here, we reveal the metabolic rearrangements that trigger reductive glutamine metabolism by measuring metabolite levels and metabolic flux contributions. We find that reductive glutamine metabolism is a consequence an increase in the a-ketoglutarate/citrate ratio. We identified various conditions where the a-ketoglutarate/citrate ratio was changed due to an altered acetyl-CoA to citrate conversion. Thereby, the alteration in acetyl-CoA to citrate conversion was regulated through at least two distinct mechanisms (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 activation (hypoxia), or decreased NAD+ to NADH ratio (complex I/III inhibition)). Thus, changes in the carbon source selection for fatty acid synthesis are a consequence of distinct alteration in the a-ketoglutarate/citrate ratio, caused by various perturbations.
1996 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey. Volume 4, Crash Injury and Emergency Medical Services Report (2007)

Author's abstract: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) commissioned the research firm of Schulman, Ronca & Bucuvalas, Inc. (SRBI) to conduct the 1996 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey. Between November 4, 1996 and January 5, 1997 SRBI conducted a total of 8,210 telephone interviews among a national population sample. The percentages provided in the report are weighted to accurately reflect the national population age 16 or over. The report is a follow-up to the 1994 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey, thereby permitting comparisons of the public's attitudes and behavior regarding emergency medical services and related issues between 1994 and 1996. As in the 1994 survey, the 1996 version asked respondents if they had ever been involved in a vehicle crash; their willingness to stop to help at a vehicle crash site to assist victims or call for help; their experience with, knowledge of, and expectations for emergency medical services; the availability and use of cellular or car phones; and their willingness to take emergency or first aid training to assist crash victims.
SiO2 polysilicate 및 Melamine 조성에 따른 유/무기하이브리드 용액에 의한 자동차용 냉연강판의 내식성 (2016)

This study has developed an organic/inorganic hybrid solution by addition of SiO₂ polysilicate and Melamine to the urethane. The three types of cold rolled steel were evaluated a corrosion resistance properties by using these solutions. The urethane solution(U) and the urethane solution with SiO₂ polysilicate(US7) were generate a lot of corrosion. The urethane solution with SiO₂ polysilicate and melamine(US 7 M₃) was excellent in corrosion resistance, regardless of the steel type. In addition, corrosion resistance has been shown to depend on the tensile strength. The appearance of coating by U and US 7 solution is bumpy surface, and were a lot of fine defects. US 7 M₃ solution is made a sophisticated molecular cross-linking structure inside the coating, it was a slick surface. Other characteristics are exhibited the excellent property for all solutions.