gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>veA</i>‐dependent RNA‐pol II transcription elongation factor‐like protein, RtfA, is associated with secondary metabolism and morphological development in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2012)

In Aspergillus nidulans the global regulatory gene veA is necessary for the biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites, including the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST). In order to identify additional veA-dependent genetic elements involved in regulating ST production, we performed a mutagenesis on a deletion veA (ΔveA) strain to obtain revertant mutants (RM) that regained the capability to produce toxin. Genetic analysis and molecular characterization of one of the revertant mutants, RM3, revealed that a point mutation occurred at the coding region of the rtfA gene, encoding a RNA-pol II transcription elongation factor-like protein, similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtf1. The A. nidulans rtfA gene product accumulates in nuclei. Deletion of rtfA gene in a ΔveA background restored mycotoxin production in a medium-dependent manner. rtfA also affects the production of other metabolites including penicillin. Biosynthesis of this antibiotic decreased in the absence of rtfA. Furthermore, rtfA is necessary for normal morphological development. Deletion of the rtfA gene in wild-type strains (veA+) resulted in a slight decrease in growth rate, drastic reduction in conidiation, and complete loss of sexual development. This is the first study of an Rtf1 like gene in filamentous fungi. We found rtfA putative orthologues extensively conserved in numerous fungal species.
Rapid thermally annealed plasma deposited SiNx:H thin films: Application to metal–insulator–semiconductor structures with Si, In0.53Ga0.47As, and InP (2003)

We present in this article a comprehensive study of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) effects on the physical properties of SiNx:H thin films deposited by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma method. Films of different as-deposited compositions (defined in this article as the nitrogen to silicon ratio, x=N/Si) were analyzed: from Si-rich (x=0.97) to N-rich (x=1.6) films. The evolution of the composition, bonding configuration, and paramagnetic defects with the annealing temperature are explained by means of different network bond reactions that take place depending on the as-deposited film composition. All the analyzed films release hydrogen, while Si-rich and near-stoichiometric (x=1.43) ones also lose nitrogen upon annealing. These films were used to make Al/SiNx:H/semiconductor devices with Si, In0.53Ga0.47As, and InP. After RTA treatments, the electrical properties of the three different SiNx:H/semiconductor interfaces can be explained, noting the microstructural modifications that SiNx:H experiences upon annealing.
Identifying the RNA Polymerases that Synthesize Specific Transcripts of the Autographa Californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (1990)

Nuclear run-on assays carried out in the presence and absence of the RNA polymerase II inhibitor, alpha-amanitin, were used to determine the exact timing of the switch from inhibitor-sensitive transcription catalysed by host RNA polymerase II, to inhibitor-resistant transcription catalysed by the baculovirus-induced RNA polymerase. These studies revealed that the onset of alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription is just after 6 h post-infection, simultaneous with the beginning of the late phase of infection. They also showed that transcripts from the p26 gene in the HindIII Q/P region and the p35 gene in the HindIII K/Q region of the viral genome are synthesized by the host RNA polymerase II both early and late in infection. On the other hand, transcripts of the p10 gene in the HindIII Q/P region and the gamma transcripts in the HindIII K region are synthesized by the alpha-amanitin-resistant, virus-induced RNA polymerase late in infection.
The Great Spectrum Famine (2010)

Now we know: We use them to stream YouTube and Facebook videos; we watch TV shows; we download and store songs and movies; we take pictures of everything going on around us; we read (and some of us even write) novels; we play video games; we surf the Web. Sometimes we even talk to each other. These days you can unleash a gusher of bits over the air that would have choked even a wired connection to the Internet not so long ago.
Simple Assay For Urinary Iron after Desferrioxamine Therapy (1982)

A simple method for measuring urinary iron following the administration of desferrioxamine (DF) is described. Ferrioxamine iron is reduced by a reagent containing thioglycolic, hydrochloric, and trichloroacetic acids; the latter ensuring precipitation of any protein present in occasional urines. The iron is measured spectrophotometrically using bathophenanthroline sulfonate. Results are indistinguishable from those obtained using a much more time-consuming preliminary acid digestion, except that in baseline samples the very small amount of spontaneous iron excretion is underestimated. The method is suitable for routine use in monitoring DF therapy.
Certain Aspects of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles in Wound Care: A Minireview (2016)

Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. In this context silver and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects and was used throughout history for treatment of skin ulcer, bone fracture, and supporting wound healing. In all of these applications prevention and treatment of bacterial colonized/infected wounds are critical. In this context silver and its derivatives play an important role in health care. Silver is widely used in clinical practice in the form of silver nitrate and/or silver sulfadiazine. In the last few years silver nanoparticles entered into clinical practice as both antimicrobial and antifungal agents. In addition, nanosilver is used in coating medical devices (catheters) and as component of wound dressings. In this paper we present summarized information about silver and nanoparticles made of silver in the context of their useful properties, especially antibacterial ones, being of a great interest for researchers and clinicians.
Cloud-based synthesis of virtual human's bow action (2011)

Bow action usually expresses human respect intention. The process of human bow is companied with fuzziness and randomness. Current control methods for virtual human's bow cannot describe the uncertainties. A cloud model based method is proposed to control virtual human's bow action. The method can describe the two uncertainties in the process of bow indicating respect intention. Clouds of maximal bow angle, and interval body keeping at the maximal angle, are designed respectively. A cloud model based algorithm for uncertainty control of virtual human's bow action is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can realize uncertainty control of bow by generating random parameters following normal distributions.
Audio tapes vs. interactive computer software for studying bird songs: The value of active learning (1998)

We tested the use of audio tapes versus interactive computer software for learning of bird songs by undergraduate students at the University of Missouri. Overall final grades did not differ between semesters when audio tapes or computer software were used to study bird songs. Mean song quiz scores were higher (21.63 vs 19.48; 25 maximum, P=0.04) and mean quiz score variances lower (0.49 vs. 0.75, P=0.007) when students had access to interactive computer software than when they used audio tapes to study bird songs. Key factors affecting improved student performance seemed to be higher student interactions and peer teaching activity, self-testing options, and ease of access to specific quiz material provided by interactive computer software.
The Automated Thiosemicarbazide-Diacetyl Monoxime Method for Plasma Urea (1969)

Abstract Sensitivity and linearity of the diacetyl monoxime reaction for urea is greatly improved by the addition of thiosemicarbazide. Evidence is presented for the high specificity of this composite reagent.
Probes and Tags to Study Biomolecular Function (2008)

Fluorescent Sterols to Study Cholesterol Trafficking in Living Cells Lipid Binding Proteins to Study Localization of Phosphoinositides The Use of Lipid-Binding Toxins to Study Distribution and Dynamics of Sphingolipids and Cholesterol FlAsH Protein Labeling AGT/SNAP-tag: A Versatile Tag for Covalent Protein Labeling In Vivo Protein Labelling with Trimthoprim and Dihydrofolate Reductase Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Catalyzed Protein Labeling and Molecular Imaging Bioorthogonal Chemical Transformations in Proteins by an Expanded Genetic Code Using the Bacteriophage MS2 Coat Protein-RNA Binding Interaction to Visualise RNA in Living Cells
Drilling with Casing: Prospects and Limitations (2006)

Abstract Drilling with Casing is a new technology used for simultaneously drilling and casing a well where the casing is used to transmit mechanical and hydraulic energy to the bit, instead of using a conventional drill-string. The fundamental value of Drilling with Casing lies in improving drilling efficiency by eliminating flat spots in the drilling curve. It will eliminate the use of drill pipe, significantly reduce tripping times and reduce time lost due to unscheduled events such as reaming, fishing and taking kicks while tripping. This technology utilizes a top drive to rotate the casing and uses a combination of traditional components such as standard oil field casing, bits, mud motors, MWD/LWD tools, as well as some newly developed components that allow drilling of most hole sizes from any drilling unit, with the ability to recover the drilling assembly using wireline. Since these tools are run and retrieved inside casing, they are protected from the harsh downhole environment while in transit. Casing drilling drill collars can also be used to add stability and to provide better fatigue resistance to the drill string. This paper will describe the physical components and operational aspects of the drilling with casing system and its benefits over conventional drilling system. The anticipated results of drilling with casing are discussed and specific conclusions include in 20-30% reduction in the time required to drill wells from spud to rig release and up to 30% savings in well cost with improved reservoir productivity.
On Walrasian Equilibrium for Pool-Based Electricity Markets (2002)

We present a single time period decentralized electricity market clearing model that includes reactive power and demand responsiveness in addition to the more common framework of generation-side competition for the real power commodity. The approach allows self-interested agents, namely producers and consumers, independently to maximize their individual surpluses subject to prices. This is consistent with the notion of a competitive market as defined in equilibrium theory. An auctioneer computes equilibrium prices that achieve power balance at every network node, as required by Kirchhoff's laws. The overall scheme is justified by duality theory, for which there is a rich theoretical support, and convergence is achieved using a Newton price-updating algorithm.
Acquisition, Visualization, and Potential Applications of 3D Data in Anatomic Pathology (2016)

Although human anatomy and histology are naturally three-dimensional (3D), commonly used diagnostic and educational tools are technologically restricted to providing two-dimensional representations (e.g. gross photography and glass slides). This limitation may be overcome by employing techniques to acquire and display 3D data, which refers to the digital information used to describe a 3D object mathematically. There are several established and experimental strategies to capture macroscopic and microscopic 3D data. In addition, recent hardware and software innovations have propelled the visualization of 3D models, including virtual and augmented reality. Accompanying these advances are novel clinical and non-clinical applications of 3D data in pathology. Medical education and research stand to benefit a great deal from utilizing 3D data as it can change our understanding of complex anatomical and histological structures. Although these technologies are yet to be adopted in routine surgical pathology, forensic pathology has embraced 3D scanning and model reconstruction. In this review, we intend to provide a general overview of the technologies and emerging applications involved with 3D data.
The murine winged-helix transcription factor Foxl2 is required for granulosa cell differentiation and ovary maintenance (2004)

Human Blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) type I is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) caused by mutations in FOXL2, a winged-helix/forkhead domain transcription factor. Although it has been shown that FOXL2 is expressed in adult ovaries, its function during folliculogenesis is not known. Here, we show that the murine Foxl2 gene is essential for granulosa cell differentiation and ovary maintenance. In Foxl2(lacZ) homozygous mutant ovaries granulosa cells do not complete the squamous to cuboidal transition leading to the absence of secondary follicles and oocyte atresia. We further demonstrate that activin-betaA and anti-Mullerian inhibiting hormone expression is absent or strongly diminished in Foxl2(lacZ) homozygous mutant ovaries. Unexpectedly, two weeks after birth most if not all oocytes expressed Gdf9 in Foxl2(lacZ) homozygous mutant ovaries, indicating that nearly all primordial follicles have already initiated folliculogenesis at this stage. This activation, in the absence of functional granulosa cells, leads to oocyte atresia and progressive follicular depletion. In addition to providing a molecular mechanism for premature ovarian failure in BPES, these results suggest that granulosa cell function is not only crucial for oocyte growth but also to maintain follicular quiescence in vivo.
Mitochondrial ATP synthase: fifteen years later. (1999)

Mitochondrial Fo.F1-H+-ATP synthase is the main enzyme responsible for the formation of ATP in aerobic cells. An alternating binding change mechanism is now generally accepted for the operation of the enzyme. This mechanism apparently leaves no room for the participation of nucleotides and Pi other than sequential binding to (release from) the catalytic sites. However, the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATPase is very complex, and it is difficult to explain it in terms of the alternating binding change mechanism only. Fo.F1 catalyzes both delta muH+-dependent ATP synthesis and ATP-dependent delta muH+ generation. It is generally believed that this enzyme operates as the smallest molecular electromechanochemical reversible machine. This essay summarizes data which contradict this simple reversible mechanism and discusses a hypothesis in which different pathways are followed for ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis. A model for a reversible switch mechanism between ATP hydrolase and ATP synthase states of Fo. F1 is proposed.
A Patient Questionnaire to Identify Bowel Disease (1989)

Although functional gastrointestinal symptoms are seen frequently by internists and are the commonest reason for patients to be referred to gastroenterologists, no validated self-report questionnaire is available for their diagnosis. To differentiate among non-ulcer dyspepsia, the irritable bowel syndrome, organic gastrointestinal disease, and health, we developed a self-report questionnaire. Our bowel disease questionnaire, which evaluated 46 symptom-related items was completed prospectively by 361 subjects before their clinical evaluation as outpatients. Of these subjects, 115 were categorized ultimately as having functional bowel disease (non-ulcer dyspepsia or the irritable bowel syndrome), 101 were categorized ultimately as having organic gastrointestinal disease, and 145 were healthy persons having routine periodic examinations for whom no additional diagnoses were made. All diagnoses were based on independent clinical evaluations, not on the patients' responses to the questionnaire. The bowel disease questionnaire was acceptable and easily completed; it elicited symptoms in a highly reliable manner and was shown to be a valid measure of functional bowel complaints. Our questionnaire discriminated non-ulcer dyspepsia from irritable bowel syndrome with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 72%, and it discriminated functional bowel disease from organic disease and health with sensitivities of 85% and 83%, and specificities of 60% and 76%, respectively. We believe that this questionnaire is an additional and useful diagnostic tool for identifying patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
PASS: Reducing Redundant Notifications between a Smartphone and a Smartwatch for Energy Saving (2019)

Smartwatches have gained significant popularity in recent years. One major use of smartwatches is notification checking as an extended display. Smartwatch use provides an opportunity for energy saving because it affords a reduction in the frequency of smartphone use. However, sometimes user input is limited in smartwatches due to its small screen size and users are forced to use their smartphones to fully read notifications. In such cases, the advantage of an extended display in the smartwatch diminishes because users need to access their smartphones, which causes extra smartphone battery consumption. We define phone-preferable notification that requires a user to take further actions, such as checking detailed content and replying to a message. Given that phone-preferable notifications are likely to be handled on smartphones, it is possible to defer notification delivery to smartwatches. In this paper, we develop a novel notification manager, called PASS that automatically defers phone-preferable notifications and piggybacks them on watch-preferable notifications. For model building and evaluation, we collect 15,659 notifications in-the-wild from 11 users for approximately 31 days. In addition, for approximately two months we gather self-reported data from five users regarding which devices were used to respond to notifications. The results show that PASS can save daily battery for smartwatches and daily battery for smartphones up to 43.5 and 0.9 percent without introducing any noticeable negative results on user experiences.
Arene Syntheses by Dehydration of 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene Systems (1984)

Aromatization by dehydration of 7-onabicyclo[2.2.llheptene systems is an efficient method, which would provide benzene, nepthalene, anthracene as well as phenanthrene derivatives in acceptable yields. sot-Furans (1) behave as characteristic dimes in Did-Alder cycloaddition reaction.Electrondeficient alkynes Q ) or alkenes @) would add facilely to furans Q), and afford 7-oxabieyclo-I2.2.11hepta-2,s-dienes Q ) or 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.l]hept-2-enes Q).The direct extrusion of oxygen moiety from %,4) would lead to polysubstituted arenes ($).Various aspects of this serviceable extrusion strategy have been reviewed recently.2Alternatively, oxygen-bridged olefins @) can also yield synthetically useful arenes,upon treatment with acids as well as orher suitable reagents.These reactions are formally dehydration reactions.On the other hand, rhe catalytic hydrogenation of the slightly electron-rich double bond of Q ) (where R5 and R are electron-withdrawing groups) 6would give ( 2 ) .which can then be converted to @) through acid cataly&d dehydration.The dehy- dration route is generally rather beneficial because the oxygen atom in ($) is usually very difficult to remove.In this review, we will briefly discuss the syntheses of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene as well as phenanthrene derivatives by applying this dehydration methodology.R -CH=CH-R 5 R4 R44 3-Aeetoxy-3.6-epoxy-A-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (5) can be converted to 3-acetonyphthalie anhydride (2) by reaction with acetic acid at 125%. 3When 3-methyl-6-methoxy-3,6-endoxo-l,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalie anhydride a) was allowed to react with anhydrous zinc chloride in boiling acetic anhydride for 4.5 h, 48% yield of the anhydride Q) was resulted.On t h e other hand, the reaction between a) and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) provided ($$ only in 20% yield.nowever, &en (g) was recrystallized from warm methanol, 75% yield
Toxicity of human hemoglobin solution infused into rabbits. (1986)

Aqueous human hemoglobin is being considered as an oxygen-transporting resuscitation solution. However, there are some indications that such solutions may be toxic. We report here that at a clinically significant dose (20% to 30% of the estimated blood volume) of hemoglobin solution (10 gm/dl), toxicity similar to that reported in humans is produced in rabbits. This toxicity is characterized by cardiac rhythm disturbances (25%) and coagulation abnormalities, manifested as intravascular thrombi. Hypoxia, tissue necrosis (brain 29%, liver 25%), and death (22%) were seen. Hypoxia appears to be the cause of death, because the arterial PO2 of rabbits that died was significantly lower (43 +/- 8 mm Hg) than that of rabbits that lived (80 +/- 12 mm Hg). We also report the effect of the method of preparation or degree of purity on the observed toxicity. Stroma-free red blood cell hemolysate, stroma-free hemoglobin, zinc-precipitated hemoglobin, and chromatographically purified hemoglobin were infused. Purification of these solutions ranged from removal of stroma to removal of all detectable nonhemoglobin protein components. In addition, the nonhemoglobin proteins were concentrated and infused into rabbits to compare their effects. All of these hemoglobin solutions induced similar toxicity for rabbits infused with stroma-free hemoglobin. The nonhemoglobin proteins, as well as human serum albumin, exhibited no toxicity. These results demonstrate that, at the clinically relevant dose, hemoglobin or something inherently associated with hemoglobin is toxic.
Apodized fiber Bragg gratings for DWDM applications using uniform phase mask (2002)

Apodized fiber Bragg gratings are written using a simple, uniform unapodized phase mask and two spatial intensity shaping filters and single exposure. Sidelobe suppression of 25 dB was observed 50 GHz from the center band. We present a novel approach to fabricating apodized gratings with constant average index that retains all the advantages of an apodized gratings, but is accomplished in a much simpler manner. Moreover the method is very easy to implement, lends itself easily to different apodizations with a very minimal expense and is readily expanded to any existing phase mask.
Sertraline in the Treatment of Neurotic Excoriations and Related Disorders (1996)

Self-injurious behavior directed at the skin has been described under various headings as follows: neurotic excoriations (NEs), acne excoriée des jeunes filles, compulsive skin picking, dermatitis autophytica, and others, while more severe forms are designated dermatitis artefacta, delusions of parasitosis, dermatitis factitia, and dermatopathic Munchausen's syndrome. Patients with the latter forms characteristically lack insight into their skin problem, may be psychotic, and either deny inflicting the skin lesions on themselves or give bizarre reasons for doing so. Patients with NEs often do not fit neatly into a psychiatric diagnostic category and may not even have a psychiatric diagnosis. Because NEs may be linked to a spectrum of obsessive-compulsive disorders<sup>1</sup>and because antidepressant serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) such as fluoxetine, used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, have been shown to ameliorate self-excoriation in isolated case reports,<sup>2,3</sup>we treated 31 patients (26 with NEs, four with acne excoriée, and one with intractable
Partition Function of Noble Gas Trimers (1993)

Temperature dependences of the partition function, Gibbs function, enthalpy and heat capacity for the trimers Ar3, Kr3 and Xe3 are described.