gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the viscoelastic compaction response of 3D woven fabrics for liquid composite molding processes (2017)

In liquid composite molding processes, the compaction characterization of fibrous reinforcements plays a key role in determining the thickness, fiber volume content, and part shape. This study presents detailed experimental and modeling work to study the viscoelastic compaction response of three different types of 3D woven carbon fiber reinforcements, namely, orthogonal, angle interlock, and layer-to-layer, each having a different weave style and z-binder yarn pattern. For all reinforcements, single-step, multistep and cyclic compaction experiments were conducted. A nonlinear viscoelastic model is presented that accounts for large deformations and viscous effects, to capture the response of the material under various loading histories. Model verification is also presented to capture each response with separate sets of material parameters. Parametric studies are also performed to analyze the role of model parameters on the response of different types of loadings. X-ray computed tomography analysis showed significant permanent deformation of z-binder yarns through the thickness of the reinforcements. The comparison of modeling results with the experimental data show that the model is able to capture the stress decay after multiple compaction cycles, yet needs further investigations to predict complete cyclic hysteresis. However, model results agree reasonably well with the single and multistep compaction loading.
Short pulse generation in neodymium materials by passive feedback on hybrid Q-switched mode-locking operation (1990)

Synchronous (or hybrid) pumping of femtosecond lasers requires a source of picosecond pulses with high amplitude stability, in a train of at least 100 pulses. Therefore, continuously mode-locked frequency-doubled YAG lasers or argon lasers have been the most commonly used sources. Q-switched solid state lasers would be preferable, because they provide shorter pulses and higher peak powers, but the train generally consists only in a few pulses of widely varying amplitude. It is shown here that inclusion of a two-photon absorber in a hybridly Q-switched and mode-locked solid state laser results in a the generation of roughly 100 pulses of equal amplitude, bandwidth limited and high energy (as compared to the cw mode-locked laser) pulses.
STATUS OF THE NEW LINAC4 MAGNETS AT CERN (2011)

Linac4 is a new H- linear accelerator at CERN replacing Linac2 as injector to the PS Booster. Almost 100 electro-magnets of different types are needed for the Linac4 project. Following a detailed analysis of the requirements and constraints, several magnet designs have been studied and are well advanced. This paper presents the design considerations, main parameters and characteristics of the new Linac4 magnets and summarizes the present status.
New Methods of Measuring Capacitance and Resistance of Very High Loss Materials at High Frequencies (1980)

Two new circuits for the accurate measurement of specimen capacitance and resistive loss are described. The capacitance measurements are unaffected by the specimen resistance when the parallel resistance is greater than 30 Ω. The practicality of the circuit is enhanced by its use of coaxial cable to provide both connection to the sample and the inductance required for circuit operation. An important characteristic of the circuit is its ability to measure capacitance and resistance of very high loss specimens accurately.
MPEG-Based Scalable Video Codec with 3-D Subband Decomposition (1999)

The MPEG-2 video coding standard provides the functionality of spatial scalability in an inefficient way. Therefore solutions based on subband decomposition gained a lot of interest very recently. In particular, this paper deals with scalable (hierarchical) coding of video at bitrates in the range of about 2-6 Mbps. The solution proposed in the paper is based on both temporal and spatial resolution reduction performed for data transmitted in a base layer. The basic idea is to employ three-dimensional subband decomposition. The assumption is that the base layer is encoded fully MPEG2 compatible. Bitstreams related to high spatial frequencies are encoded using a technique that exploits mutual dependencies between low- and high- spatial-frequency subbands. The technique is implemented as a C++ program with about 12 980 lines of code.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Serologic Diagnostic Reagents Prepared from Bacterially Expressed Recombinant Proteins (1995)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus and is classified in the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. The BVDV genome has been cloned and sequenced, and a map of protein-encoding genes has also been established. According to this map, the BVDV genome encodes at least 4 primary gene products: p20, gp116, p125, and p133. There is evidence that the glycoprotein precursor gp116 gives rise to gp48, gp25, and gp53 through proteolytic processes, and p125 gives rise to p80 by proteolysis when cells are infected with cytopathic BVDV. The p125 is produced only in cells infected with noncytopathic BVDV. When an antibody against BVDV is analyzed by using radioimmunoprecipitation or western blots, gp48, gp25, gp53, and p80 (or p125) are detected. 1,2,8,9 Thus, these proteins are good candidates for specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Currently, virus neutralization (VN) is the standard serologic test for BVDV, and virus-neutralizing antibody binds primarily to gp53. 5,11 Other diagnostic tests, such as wholevirus ELISA, fluorescent antibody, and immunoperoxidase staining, also are used and likely detect additional viral proteins. All of these tests require specialized tissue culture equipment. Consequently, these procedures are often impractical for screening a large number of samples. Recombinant ELISA is now widely accepted for serodiagnosis of many important human and veterinary diseases. This test is a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and inexpensive tool for screening for an antibody. In this report, we describe the production of large amounts of gp48, gp25, and p80 recombinant proteins, use of these recombinant proteins in the ELISA, and comparison of the ELISA with the standard VN test for the serodiagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in cattle. To express gp48, gp25, and p80, each gene fragment was cloned into the expression vector pGex2T or pGex3X. In each construct, the correct translational frame required for expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein was created. The gp48 and p80 restriction fragments were isolated from pBV4-gp62 and pBV4-p80 clones. The construction and production of these recombinant proteins have been previously described. A 359-base pair (bp) fragment of the gp48 region (nucleotides 1295-1653) and a 918-bp
Tibial torsion calculated by computerised tomography and compared to other methods of measurement (1980)

A new method for the measurement of tibial torsion using computerised transverse tomography is presented. Its accuracy is equal to that of cadaveric skeletal measurement. This method may be used in patients with unilateral post-traumatic torsional deformities, especially when these are combined with genu varum or valgum. The study of torsional aberrations in connection with congenital abnormalities of the foot is of further interest.
Widely tunable semiconductor antennas for reconfigurable metasurfaces (Conference Presentation) (2017)

The ability to engineer the optical phase at subwavelength dimensions has led to metasurfaces that provide unprecedented control of electromagnetic waves. To reach their ultimate potential, metasurfaces must incorporate reconfigurable functions. The central challenge is achieving large tunability in subwavelength elements. Here, we describe two different approaches for achieving order-unity refractive index shifts: free-carrier refraction and thermo-optic tuning. We experimentally demonstrate wide tuning of single-particle infrared Mie resonances through doping, and demonstrate simulations of electrically reconfigurable III-V heterojunction metasurfaces based on these effects. We conclude with recent experimental demonstrations of dyamic, ultrawide tuning of Mie resonators based on two distinct thermo-optic effects: 1) modifying the electron mass and carrier density in InSb and 2) exploiting the anomalous temperature-dependent bandgap of PbTe.
Synthesis of ring‐shaped polyisoprene (1992)

Abstract Cyclization of α,ω;‐dilithiopolyisoprenes has been achieved in hexane solution in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (15% in volume) at −40 to ‐ 50°C. Using as linking agent the non‐conjugated diene 1,2‐bis(isopropenyl‐4‐phenyl)‐ethane, macrocyclic polyisoprenes could be obtained with yields of at least 90%, even for molecular weights as high as 30 000 mol g −1 . With SiCl 4 as coupling agent no gelation occurred and yields of about 70% in cyclic dimers, probably bicyclic, have been observed. These results are compared to those obtained by various authors with α,ω;‐dilithiopolystyrenes or α,ω;‐disodiopolystyrenes and are attributed mainly to the presence, in the polyisoprene case, of predominant cyclic aggregates even at low organolithium concentration.
[Thromboembolic accidents in postmenopausal patients with adjuvant treatment by tamoxifen. Frequency, risk factors and prevention possibilities]. (1995)

Tamoxifen is the anti-estrogen the most widely used in breast cancer. The duration of its prescription, as adjuvant treatment, tends to increase (5 years, and even more) and now it is used in chemoprevention. A slight increase of thromboembolic complications was noted in some studies. This article evaluates the frequency of thromboembolic accidents (TEA) in 441 postmenopausal patients treated by an association of conservative radiosurgery, tamoxifen +/- chemotherapy, for a breast carcinoma T0, T1T2 < 4 cm. Nineteen patients (4.3%), all in remission, presented a TEA, between 1 and 44 months after the beginning of the tamoxifen treatment. We observed seven pulmonary embolisms (PE), 11 deep venous thromboses (DVT) and an acute arterial ischemia. Two patients aged 74 and 80 years died, the others had a favourable evolution under anticoagulant treatment. Among these 19 patients, six presented known risks factors (phlebitis, cardiovascular disorders) and ten had a "favouring circumstance" aggravating the risk of TEA (surgical operation, severe infection, fracture). Their median age was 65 years (61 for all the 441 patients). We noted eight cases of breast lobular cancer (42%) among these 19 patients (11% for all the patients). Among postmenopausal patients, the indication of tamoxifen must be evaluated according to the benefits expected in those with high risk factors of TEA (history of heart failure, obesity, spread varix, age > 65 years). In case of DVT and/or PE, this treatment seems contra-indicated. In case of "favouring circumstances", a hypocoagulant or systematic anticoagulant treatment must be proposed. In case of combined chemotherapy, it is better to start tamoxifen at the end of the treatment. These simple prophylactic measures should allow to reduce significantly the risk of TEA in postmenopausal patients with adjuvant anti-estrogenotherapy.
Millimeter-wave magnetooptics: New method for characterization of ferrites in the millimeter-wave range (1999)

This paper presents a new free-space millimeter-wave method based on the transverse magnetooptical effect, which provides the complete and accurate characterization of the ferrites for the first time in the millimeter-wave range. The described data analysis and processing methods lead to the separation of dielectric and magnetic effects and to the simultaneous determination of both millimeter-wave permittivity and permeability. It is demonstrated that this new method can be used for the characterization of soft ferrites as well as hard anisotropic ferrites. The magnetooptical measurements were realized using a millimeter-wave spectrometer combined with the electromagnet providing a transverse magnetic field up to 1 T. The backward-wave oscillators were used as a source of tunable coherent millimeter-wave radiation. It was shown that the freespace method applying the polarized Gaussian beams generates precise transmission data and enables the accurate determination of the optical constants of ferrites in the entire millimeter-wave range.
Acetaminophen-induced hypothermia in mice is mediated by a prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 gene-derived protein (2004)

Acetaminophen is a widely used antipyretic analgesic, reducing fever caused by bacterial and viral infections and by clinical trauma such as cancer or stroke. In rare cases in humans, e.g., in febrile children or HIV or stroke patients, acetaminophen causes hypothermia while therapeutic blood levels of the drug are maintained. In C57/BL6 mice, acetaminophen caused hypothermia that was dose related and maximum (>2 degrees C below normal) with a dose of 300 mg/kg. The reduction and recovery of body temperature was paralleled by a fall of >90% and a subsequent rise of prostaglandin (PG)E(2) concentrations in the brain. In cyclooxygenase (COX)-2(-/-) mice, acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) produced hypothermia accompanied by a reduction in brain PGE(2) levels, whereas in COX-1(-/-) mice, the hypothermia to this dose of acetaminophen was attenuated. The brains of COX-1(-/-) mice had approximately 70% lower levels of PGE(2) than those of WT animals, and these levels were not reduced further by acetaminophen. The putative selective COX-3 inhibitors antipyrine and aminopyrine also reduced basal body temperature and brain PGE(2) levels in normal mice. We propose that acetaminophen is a selective inhibitor of a COX-1 variant and this enzyme is involved in the continual synthesis of PGE(2) that maintains a normal body temperature. Thus, acetaminophen reduces basal body temperature below normal in mice most likely by inhibiting COX-3.
Material-induced Senescence (MIS): Fluidity Induces Senescent Type Cell Death of Lung Cancer Cells via Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 (2017)

<b>Objective:</b> We propose here material-induced senescence (MIS) as a new therapeutic concept that limits cancer progression by stable cell cycle arrest. This study examined for the first time the effect of material fluidity on cellular senescence in lung carcinoma using poly(ε-caprolactone-<i>co</i>-D, L-lactide) (P(CL-<i>co</i>-DLLA)) with tunable elasticity and fluidity. <b>Methods:</b> The fluidity was varied by chemically crosslinking the polymer networks: the crosslinked P(CL-<i>co</i>-DLLA) shows solid-like properties with a stiffness of 260 kPa, while the non-crosslinked polymer exists in a quasi-liquid state with loss and storage moduli of 33 kPa and 11 kPa, respectively. <b>Results:</b> We found that cancer cells growing on the non-crosslinked, fluidic substrate undergo a non-apoptotic form of cell death and the cell cycle was accumulated in a G0/G1 phase. Next, we investigated the expression of biomarkers that are associated with cancer pathways. The cancer cells on the fluidic substrate expressed several biomarkers associated with senescence such as insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). This result indicates that when cancer cells sense fluidity in their surroundings, the cells express IGFBP5, which in turn triggers the expression of tumor suppressor protein 53 and initiates cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase followed by cellular senescence. Furthermore, the cancer cells on the fluidic substrate maintained their epithelial phenotype, suggesting that the cancer cells do not undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition. <b>Conclusion:</b> By considering these results as the fundamental information for MIS, our system could be applied to induce senescence in treatment-resistant cancers such as metastatic cancer or cancer stem cells.
An easy-to-implement method for evaluation of capacitive resonant sensors (2006)

A novel method that can be used to characterize resonant capacitive sensors is presented. The method is based on measurement of the third harmonic of the current through the capacitor; thus the detection signal is frequencyseparated from the excitation signal. The measurement is time-continuousand only requires a very simple resonant structure where a single electrode is simultaneously used for excitation and detection. The readout circuit iseasily implemented with a single operational amplifier and standard equipment such as a lock-in amplifier or a function generator and a spectrum analyzer. Measurements of a resonant structure confirm the feasibility of the concept.
Transport in molecular wire with long-range Coulomb interactions: A mean-field approach (2003)

We consider a one-dimensional molecular wire described by long-range Coulomb interactions, attached to two metal electrodes on either side of it. The long-range interactions are approximated using Mataga–Nishimoto potential, and we solve the Hamiltonian in the mean-field limit. Using scattering formalism in the Coulomb blockade regime, we obtain the current–voltage characteristics for this system. We find that the long-range interaction neutralizes the voltage induced localization of the electronic states at off-resonant voltages. Furthermore, the current increases for decreasing interaction strengths for both positive and negative charging. Our mean-field model does not preserve particle–hole symmetry, and as such we find that the hole transport is preferred over the electron transport in this system.
Experiments on Shielding of Jet Noise by Airframe Surfaces (2009)

We present parametric subscale experimental studies of jet noise shielding in two basic configurations. The first configuration used a single-stream Mach 0.9 cold air jet with a rectangular shield. The second configuration was composed of a dual-stream bypass ratio 10 nozzle that operated at realistic cycle conditions and a hybrid-wing body (HWB) planform shield. For both configurations, the shield was adjustable relative to the nozzle. Tabs, chevrons, and wedge fan flow deflectors were added to the nozzles to compact the noise source region. Aeroacoustic surveys were conducted inside an anechoic chamber using an eight-microphone polar array. The experiments with the single-stream jet and rectangular shield showed an excess of noise at low frequencies, yet reduced noise at high frequencies. Since the excess noise occurs at low frequencies, it has a minor impact on the perceived noise level of a full-scale engine. Significant EPNL reductions, up to 7.4 dB cumulative (downward plus sideline), were measured with an aft shield length of 5 jet diameters. The addition of mixer tabs increased this benefit to 10.7 dB, even though the jet itself became noisier. The HWB shielding effectiveness with the plain nozzle is marginal, even with the engine translated two fan diameters upstream of its nominal location. However, applying fan flow deflectors or chevrons yielded a significant EPNL benefit, about 6.5 dB cumulative, with the engine positioned at its nominal location. Thus, the compaction and/or redistribution of the noise source are essential for effective jet noise shielding on the HWB. A proposed correlator for the noise reduction due to shielding is the average illumination angle. The experimental data show a trend of increasing EPNL reduction with decreasing average illumination angle. For average illumination angles less than 45 deg, the EPNL reduction in a particular azimuthal direction exceeds 3 dB.
Protection of UV-induced Suppression of Skin Contact Hypersensitivity: A Common Feature of Flavonoids after Oral Administration? (1998)

In this study we investigated the effect of the dietary ingredients fruit and vegetable, green tea phenol extract (GTP) and the specific flavonoid components quercetin and chrysin on the UV-induced suppression of the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to picryl chloride (PCl). The SKH-1 mice were fed with test diet from 2 or 4 weeks before and during the UV irradiation (daily, 95 mJ/cm2) and tested for the CHS ear-swelling response 10 weeks after the onset of the irradiation. For the CHS, mice were immunized with PCl by epicutaneous application on nonirradiated sites. Four days after sensitization all mice were challenged on both sides of each ear by topical application of one drop PCl. In addition, from mice fed with the fruit and vegetable mixture the number of Langerhans cells (LC) were scored in the skin and from mice fed with quercetin, quercetin levels in plasma were measured at week 11 after the start of UV irradiation. It was found that fruit and vegetable (19% in the diet), GTP (0.1% and 0.01% in the drinking water), quercetin (1% in the diet) and chrysin (1% and 0.1% in the diet), prevented statistically significantly the UV-induced suppression of CHS to PCl. In the skin of mice fed with fruit and vegetables combined with UV irradiation the number of LC were comparable to the control mice, whereas the number of LC were significantly diminished in mice treated with UV only. This protective effect on the presence of LC in the epidermis after UV irradiation, which was also observed in a previous study with quercetin, may play a role in the prevention of UV-induced immunosuppression by the flavonoids tested. In conclusion, we found protection of flavonoids against UV-induced effects on CHS, which may be a common feature of most flavonoids.
Synapsin I-mediated interaction of brain spectrin with synaptic vesicles. (1991)

We have established a new binding assay in which 125I-labeled synaptic vesicles are incubated with brain spectrin covalently immobilized on cellulosic membranes in a microfiltration apparatus. We obtained saturable, high affinity, salt- (optimum at 50-70 mM NaCl) and pH- (optimum at pH 7.5-7.8) dependent binding. Nonlinear regression analysis of the binding isotherm indicated one site binding with a Kd = 59 micrograms/ml and a maximal binding capacity = 1.9 micrograms vesicle protein per microgram spectrin. The fact that the binding of spectrin was via synapsin was demonstrated in three ways. (a) Binding of synaptic vesicles to immobilized spectrin was eliminated by prior extraction with 1 M KCl. When the peripheral membrane proteins in the 1 M KCl extract were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose paper and incubated with 125I-brain spectrin, 96% of the total radioactivity was associated with five polypeptides of 80, 75, 69, 64, and 40 kD. All five polypeptides reacted with an anti-synapsin I polyclonal antibody, and the 80- and 75-kD polypeptides comigrated with authentic synapsin Ia and synapsin Ib. The 69- and 64-kD polypeptides are either proteolytic fragments of synapsin I or represent synapsin IIa and synapsin IIb. (b) Pure synapsin I was capable of competitively inhibiting the binding of radioiodinated synaptic vesicles to immobilized brain spectrin with a Kl = 46 nM. (c) Fab fragments of anti-synapsin I were capable of inhibiting the binding of radioiodinated synaptic vesicles to immobilized brain spectrin. These three observations clearly establish that synapsin I is a primary receptor for brain spectrin on the cytoplasmic surface of the synaptic vesicle membrane.
Features of a reattaching turbulent shear layer subject to an adverse pressure gradient (1982)

Experimental data have been obtained in an incompressible turbulent flow over a rearward-facing step with superimposed adverse pressure gradient. Mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and triple-products measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter are presented for two cases of adverse pressure gradient. Mixing lengths, eddy viscosities, production, convection, turbulent diffusion, and dissipation terms are extracted from the data. These data are compared with various mixing length and eddy-viscosity turbulence models. Numerical calculations incorporating the k-epsilon and the algebraic-stress turbulence models are compared with the data. When determining quantities of engineering interest, the modified algebraic-stress model (ASM) is a significant improvement over the unmodified ASM and the unmodified k-epsilon model