gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered plasmon focusing onfunctional gratings. (2005)

We report ontheengineering ofplasmon propagation andfocusing bydedicated curved gratings andnoncollinear phasematching. Gratings werecreated ongoldbyfocused ion beammilling andplasmons weremeasured using phase sensitive PSTM. C2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (240.6680) Surface plasmons; (070.2580)Fourier optics; (180.5810)Scanning microscopy Surface plasmons canbeexited resonantly whentheplasmon k-vector matches theprojected light k-vector (1). A grating vector shifts thelatter inanengineered continuous way.Anappropriately shaped grating canensure the creation ofplasmons inapredefned direction, e.g. towards acommoncenter (2). Forperpendicular illumination the required grating profile isabulls-eye pattern, where thegrating periodicity matches theplasmon resonance atthe illumination wavelength. Thisgrating ismatched forconverging plasmons aswellasdiverging plasmons. The degeneracy canbelifted byintroduction ofasasymmetry, suchasanangled illumination. Toachieve focusing of plasmons forangled incident illumination thegrating hastoaddless k-vector before thefocal point andmorebehind thefocal point sothatthegrating pattern resembles cutsthrough angled conesorshifted circles (fig1); corresponding totheFourier transform ofacircle ink-space that hasradius corresponding totheplasmon resonant k-vector andisshifted fromthecenter byanamountcorresponding totheprojected light vector. ~~~~~~~~~~~~P - Figure IGrating profiles forfocusing plasmons under increasingly angled illumination andPSTMsetup. Figure 2Phase sensitive Photon Scanning Tunneling Microcoscope (PSTM) setup. Thegrating profile isonthetopside ofthegold layer. Wepresent local probing oftheplasmon propagation byphase sensitive PSTM(fig 2)ofthefield distribution on circles andstretched circles (fig 3,4), showing thefocusing anddirecting ofbeamsofplasmons. Thegratings are created inathin (SOnm) gold layer byFocused IonBeam(FIB) milling.
Coastal Wind-Driven Circulation in the Vicinity of a Bank. Part I: Modeling Flow over Idealized Symmetric Banks (2009)

Abstract This study examines how coastal banks influence wind-driven circulation along stratified continental shelves. Numerical experiments are conducted for idealized symmetric banks; the standard bank (200 km long and 50 km wide) has dimensions similar to the Heceta Bank complex along the Oregon shelf. Model runs are forced with 10 days of steady winds (0.1 Pa); upwelling and downwelling cases are compared. The bank introduces significant alongshelf variability in the currents and density fields. Upwelling-favorable winds create an upwelling front and a baroclinic jet (flowing opposite coastal-trapped wave propagation) that bend around the standard bank, approximately centered on the 90-m isobath. The upwelling jet is strongest over the upstream bank half, where it advects a tongue of dense water over the bank. There is a current reversal shoreward of the main jet at the bank center. Upwelling is most intense over the upstream part of the bank, while there is reduced upwelling and even downwelling over other bank sections. Downwelling-favorable winds create a near-bottom density front and a baroclinic jet (flowing in the direction of coastal-trapped wave propagation) that bend around the standard bank; the jet core moves from the 150-m isobath to the 100-m isobath and back over the bank. The downwelling jet is slowest and widest over the bank; there are no current reversals. Results over the bank are more similar to 2D results (that preclude alongshelf variability) than in the upwelling case. Downwelling is weakened over the bank. The density field evolution over the bank is fundamentally different from the upwelling case. Most model results for banks with different dimensions are qualitatively similar to the standard run. The exceptions are banks having a radius of curvature smaller than the inertial radius; the main jet remains detached from the coast far downstream from these banks. The lowest-order across-stream momentum balance indicates that the depth-averaged flow is geostrophic. Advection, ageostrophic pressure gradients, wind stress, and bottom stress are all important in the depth-averaged alongstream momentum balance over the bank. There is considerable variability in alongstream momentum balances over different bank sections. Across-shelf and alongshelf advection both change the density field over the bank. Barotropic potential vorticity is not conserved, but the tendency for relative vorticity changes and depth changes to partially counter each other results in differences between the upwelling and downwelling jet paths over the bank. Only certain areas of the bank have significant vertical velocities. In these areas of active upwelling and downwelling, vertical velocities at the top of the bottom boundary layer are due to either the jet crossing isobaths or bottom Ekman pumping.
PILOT PLANTS. Oxidation of Phosphorus with Steam (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPILOT PLANTS. Oxidation of Phosphorus with SteamL. B. Hein, G. H. Megar, and M. M. StriplinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 8, 1616–1622Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50488a043RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Central liponeurocytoma: Case report and review of literature (2012)

Abstract Cerebellar liponeurocytoma consists of well-differentiated neurons with the cytology of neurocytes in addition to a population of lipidized cells. Hence it is biphasic in appearance and has been included in the category of glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system by the WHO working group on the Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System. However, liponeurocytoma is not exclusive to the cerebellar or fourth ventricular location. Since its inclusion in the central nervous system tumor classification, nine cases with similar histological and immunohistochemical features have also been described in the lateral ventricles. We describe here such a lateral ventricular tumour in a 30-year-old woman, characteristically showing divergent glio-neuronal differentiation and lipidized neoplastic cells. Therefore, we suggest that future WHO tumor classification should consider that liponeurocytomas are not entirely restricted to the cerebellum and henceforth change of nomenclature might be considered, as also pointed out by other authors.
DEVELOPABILITY OF PHOTOGRAPHIC LATENT IMAGE PRODUCED BY GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATION (1960)

The rate of development of motion-picture pcsitive emulsion exposed to gamma rays emitted from radioisotope Co/sup 60/ was studied. Experiments with an energetic metol-hydroquinone developer showed that the rate of development of latent image produced by gamma rays was smaller than that produced by normal light exposure. This phenomenon can be explained by the extension of the Cabannes-Hoffmann effect, which is concerned with the dependence of the rate of development upon the intensity of light exposure. The light exposure at higher intensity corresponds to gamma-ray irradiation in this experiment. As to the development of internal latent image, no difference in the development characteristics was observed between the gamma-ray exposure and the light exposure. This suggests the importance of the rate of solution of silver halide grains in the development kinetics. Finally, temperature coefficients of development indicated that the activation energy of surface development was not different in the different types of exposure such as gamma rays or the light, but varied with compositions of developer solutions. (auth)
Cold-Induced Expression of Δ <sup>9</sup> -Desaturase in Carp by Transcriptional and Posttranslational Mechanisms (1996)

Poikilothermic animals respond to chronic cold by increasing phosphoglyceride unsaturation to restore the fluidity of cold-rigidified membranes. Despite the importance of this compensatory response, the enzymes involved have not been clearly identified, and the mechanisms that control their activity are unknown. In carp liver, cold induces an 8- to 10-fold increase in specific activity of the microsomal stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase. Cold-induced up-regulation of gene transcription resulted in a 10-fold increase in desaturase transcript amounts after 48 to 60 hours. However, this increase was preceded by the activation of latent desaturase, probably by a posttranslational mechanism. These two mechanisms may act sequentially to match desaturase expression to the demands imposed by a progressive decrease in temperature.
Predictors of Heartburn (HB) Resolution in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Symptoms (2007)

Purpose: To evaluate variables and build a model to predict HB resolution in patients with GERD symptoms treated with esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. Methods: A post-hoc analysis was conducted on data from a 4-wk, multicenter, open-label study (D9612L00083) in adults with frequent HB (≥2 d/wk for past 7 d and on average for past 3 mo) with or without erosive esophagitis (EE). HB severity was rated from 1 (mild) to 4 (severe) at baseline and post-treatment. HB was considered resolved if the patient indicated ‘none’ on the final symptom questionnaire. Potential predictors of HB resolution were evaluated: age; sex; race; body mass index; Helicobacter pylori status; time with GERD; history of EE; baseline frequency and severity of HB, acid regurgitation, dysphagia, and epigastric pain; and patient-reported time to HB relief with antacids/H2RAs. Each variable was tested separately in a univariate logistic regression model (α-level, 0.05). A multivariate model was selected using Akaike's information criterion from among 4 candidate models generated by stepwise logistic regression and backward elimination. The final model was internally validated by “leave one out” cross-validation. Results: The analysis included data from 179 patients with and 177 patients without EE. In the univariate models, male sex, white race, less severe and no dysphagia, less frequent and less severe epigastric pain, and faster relief of HB with antacid use were predictive of HB resolution (P < 0.05); H pylori+ status was not significant (P= 0.053). The multivariate model included the variables: baseline severity of HB and epigastric pain, time to HB relief with antacids, H pylori status, and race. Greater HB severity and lesser severity of epigastric pain at baseline, faster HB relief with antacids, H pylori+ status, and white race were associated with HB resolution. The c-index of the model using cross-validation was low at 0.57. At a sensitivity of 80%, the model provides specificity of 36%, a positive predictive value of 64%, and a negative predictive value of 56%. The model included a novel predictor in time to HB relief with antacids. Patients whose HB symptoms were relived within 15 minutes of antacid use had 2.9 times greater odds of HB resolution with esomeprazole than those who had no relief with antacids. Conclusion: This model identified some variables that may predict a response to treatment, but the low discriminative ability underscores the difficulty in such predictions.
The building up of a culture of standardization at the Institut Pasteur, 1885-1900 (2007)

The present paper is intended to be published in“ Wertbestimmungen-Evaluations. Standardising therapeutic agents 1890-1930”
Immunoelectronmicroscopy of the binding of high density lipoprotein apoproteins to normal and hypercholesterolemic human fibroblasts (1981)

We visualized the apolipoproteins of high density lipoproteins (HDL) that were bound to culture human fibroblasts at the ultrastructural level, with an immunoenzymecytochemical method. By using antisera against (a) apolipoprotein AI (a major apolipoprotein of HDL) and (b) apolipoprotein E (an apolipoprotein present in HDLc), the binding of HDL at 4 degrees C to indentations of the plasma membrane could be demonstrated. The binding of HDL to fibroblasts obrained from a patient homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia proved to be indistinguishable from the binding of normal fibroblasts.
Membrane-disrupting surfactants that are highly selective toward lipid bilayers of varying cholesterol content (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane-disrupting surfactants that are highly selective toward lipid bilayers of varying cholesterol contentYoshinobu Nagawa and Steven L. RegenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 19, 7237–7240Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00019a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00019a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Analysis of the Sialylated N- and O-Linked Carbohydrate Chains of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Sialylation Patterns and Branch Location of Dimeric N-acetyllactosamine Units (1995)

The N-linked carbohydrate chains of recombinant human erythropoietin expressed in CHO cells were quantitatively released with peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F, separated from the remaining O-glycoprotein by gel-permeation chromatography, and subsequently fractionated via FPLC on Mono Q, HPLC on Lichrosorb-NH2 and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography on CarboPac PA1. The purified sialylated oligosaccharides were analyzed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. When necessary, oligosaccharides were treated with endo-beta-galactosidase (and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) followed by 1H-NMR analysis of the incubation products, to obtain additional structural information. Di-, tri-, tri'- and tetraantennary, N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides occur which can be completely (major) or partially (minor) sialylated. Three different types of alpha2-3-linked sialic acids are present, namely, N-acetylneuraminic acid (95%), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (2%) and N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (3%). In the case of partial sialylation, a non-random distribution of the sialic acids over the branches is observed. One or two extra N-acetyllactosamine units, being exclusively located in the branches attached to the alpha1-6-linked Man residue, can be present in completely or partially sialylated di-, tri'-, and tetraantennary oligosaccharides. Tetraantennary oligosaccharides with, N-acetyllactosamine repeats could be digested quantitatively with endo-beta-galactosidase from Bacteroides fragilis, whereas under the same conditions tri'antennary oligosaccharides Hardly reacted (<15%). Using endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii, these tri'antennary oligosaccharides could be digested more extensively (> 75%). The O-linked carbohydrate chains were released from the O-glycoprotein by alkaline borohydride treatment, and purified via FPLC on Mono Q and HPLC on Lichrosorb-NH2. Two O-glycans were found, namely, Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-3GalNAc-ol and Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-3(Neu5 Ac2-6)GalNAc-ol.
Plasma progesterone and gonadotrophin concentrations and ovarian activity in post-partum dairy cows (1980)

Summary. Plasma progesterone concentrations in jugular vein blood samples collected every other day after calving from 13 Friesian dairy cows indicated that ovarian cyclic activity was initiated by 16·6 ± 1·1 (s.e.m.) days post partum, except for 1 cow which did not resume cyclic activity until Day 98 post partum. Rectal palpation of the ovaries indicated that a developing follicle was recognizable at a mean time of 15·7 ± 2·0 days after calving. During the first oestrous cycle after parturition there was a significantly shorter period when plasma progesterone levels were elevated than during the next 2 cycles. Concentrations of progesterone, LH, FSH and prolactin were determined for 4 cows, in blood samples taken every 6 h from 2 to 36 days post partum. Tonic LH release was lower during the first 10 days than subsequently, but the lack of change in pattern for FSH suggests dissimilar control mechanisms for these hormones during this time. Three cows showed evidence of a resumption of ovarian cyclicity during the sampling period: in 2 there was an initial LH surge of a magnitude which would normally give rise to ovulation, followed 4 days later by an increase in plasma progesterone lasting only 5 and 9 days. This progesterone was considered to be of follicular origin. A second LH surge was followed by the presence of a corpus luteum.
Self-organized learning of purely temporal information in a photorefractive optical resonator (1994)

A photorefractive resonator containing an optical delay line is shown to learn temporal information through a self-organization process. We present experiments in which a resonator mode selectively learns the mostfrequently presented signals at the input. We also demonstrate the self-organized association of two different analog signals with two different resonator modes.
Molecular Level Differences in Ionic Solvation and Transport Behavior in Ethylene Oxide-Based Homopolymer and Block Copolymer Electrolytes (2021)

Block copolymer electrolytes (BCE) such as polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) blended with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and composed of mechanically robust insulating and rubbery conducting nanodomains are promising solid-state electrolytes for Li batteries. Here, we compare ionic solvation, association, distribution, and conductivity in SEO-LiTFSI BCEs and their homopolymer PEO-LiTFSI analogs toward a fundamental understanding of the maximum in conductivity and transport mechanisms as a function of salt concentration. Ionic conductivity measurements reveal that SEO-LiTFSI and PEO-LiTFSI exhibit similar behaviors up to a Li/EO ratio of 1/12, where roughly half of the available solvation sites in the system are filled, and conductivity is maximized. As the Li/EO ratios increase to 1/5 the conductivity, of the PEO-LiTFSI drops nearly 3-fold, while the conductivity of SEO-LiTFSI remains constant. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that additional Li cations in the homopolymer electrolyte are complexed by additional EO units when the Li/EO ratio exceeds 1/12, while in the BCE, the proportion of complexed and uncomplexed EO units remains constant; Raman spectroscopy data at the same concentrations show that Li cations in the SEO-LiTFSI samples tend to coordinate more to their counteranions. Atomistic-scale molecular dynamics simulations corroborate these results and further show that associated ions tend to segregate to the SEO-LiTFSI domain interfaces. The opportunity for "excess" salt to be sequestered at BCE interfaces results in the retention of an optimum ratio of uncompleted and complexed PEO solvation sites in the middle of the conductive nanodomains of the BCE and maximized conductivity over a broad range of salt concentrations.
Evidence for the rapid decrease in leukemogenic potential Rauscher leukemia virus in cell culture. (1971)

Changes in virulence of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) following single passage in cultures of secondary mouse embryo fibroblasts or the established cell line 3T3 were examined by comparison of culture lysates both for leukemogenic activity in mice and for their ability to enhance the focus formation by Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) in vitro . A constant ratio of approximately 10 MSV helper units to 1 leukemogenic unit was observed as a result of titration of numerous stocks of RLV derived from mouse plasma. Cell culture lysates, however, obtained 4 to 13 days after infection with these standard RLV stocks, exhibited MSV helper-unit titers that were approximately 6000 times greater than those reflecting leukemogenicity in vivo .

Growth curves of RLV in secondary mouse embryo fibroblast cultures were characterized by the appearance of leukemogenic virus 2 days after infection, with maximum yields being obtained at Day 5. By comparison, however, relatively large quantities of MSV helper units could be detected as soon as 24 hr after infection. Phenotypic changes in RLV populations, manifested as a substantial loss of leukemogenic capacity, were observed after single in vitro passage and were maintained through at least three subsequent virus passages.
Bestimmung von Fließkurven mit dem Warmflachstauchversuch (1986)

Zur Bestimmung von Fließkurven werden Warmflachstauchversuche mit dem Warmumformsimulator (Wumsi) des Max‐Planck‐Instituts für Eisenforschung durchgeführt. Aus den Meßdaten Werkzeugweg, Stauchkraft und Probentemperatur sowie aus den Abmessungen der Probe wie Anfangsdicke, Anfangsbreite und mittlere Stauchfläche werden Fließkurven unter Anwendung der elementaren Plastomechanik berechnet. Die Auswertung der Fließkurven liefert die Fließgrenze, die maximale Spannung und den Verlauf des differentiellen n ‐Wertes. Weiterhin wird eine neue Methode angewendet, um die Reibungsverhältnisse beim Warmflachstauchen zahlenmäßig zu berücksichtigen. Aus dem Temperaturverlauf während der Umformung und der Kenntnis der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Fließspannung werden temperaturkorrigierte Fließkurven berechnet. An Beispielen wird erläutert, wie Fließkurven zur Interpretation metallkundlicher Vorgänge genutzt werden können, die während der Umformung ablaufen.