gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conflictive animations as engaging learning tools (2007)

Although ∼50% of all types of human cancers harbour wild-type TP53, this p53 tumour suppressor is often deactivated through a concerted action by its abnormally elevated suppressors, MDM2, MDMX or SIRT1. Here, we report a novel small molecule Inauhzin (INZ) that effectively reactivates p53 by inhibiting SIRT1 activity, promotes p53-dependent apoptosis of human cancer cells without causing apparently genotoxic stress. Moreover, INZ stabilizes p53 by increasing p53 acetylation and preventing MDM2-mediated ubiquitylation of p53 in cells, though not directly in vitro. Remarkably, INZ inhibits cell proliferation, induces senescence and tumour-specific apoptosis, and represses the growth of xenograft tumours derived from p53-harbouring H460 and HCT116 cells without causing apparent toxicity to normal tissues and the tumour-bearing SCID mice. Hence, our study unearths INZ as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic candidate that inhibits SIRT1 activity and activates p53.
Analysis of stresses in GaAs single-crystal wafers by X-ray diffraction and photoelasticity methods (1992)

The stress data in GaAs wafers measured by the photoelasticity technique are compared with strain data measured by the X-ray diffraction. For a Czochralski-grown undoped single crystal both methods provide the determination of elastic strains and stresses caused by dislocations. In a strongly silicon-doped single crystal grown by horizontal Bridgman technique, X-ray measurements reveal the lattice parameter variations along the wafer due to the dopant, whereas the photoelasticity method provides the determination of elastic strains and stresses due to inhomogeneous dopant distribution. Comparing the data obtained by these two techniques, it is possible to separate the elastic lattice distortions caused by dislocations and/or inhomogeneity in the dopant distribution from the effect on the lattice parameter caused by the dopant proper. The sensitivity and the information capacities of both methods are compared. [Russian Text Ignored]
Epidemiological Models Lacking Process Noise Can Be Overconfident (2017)

Mathematic models of epidemics are the key tool for predicting future course of disease in a population and analyzing the effects of possible intervention policies. Typically, models that produce deterministic are applied for making predictions and reaching decisions. Stochastic modeling methods present an alternative. Here, we demonstrate by example why it is important that stochastic modeling be used in population health decision support systems.
Development of a D–π–A pyrazinium photosensitizer possessing singlet oxygen generation (2016)

(D–π–)<sub>2</sub>A pyrazinium dyes (<bold>OEJ-1</bold> and <bold>OEJ-2</bold>) bearing a counter anion (X<sup>−</sup> = Br<sup>−</sup> or I<sup>−</sup>) have been newly developed as a photosensitizer possessing singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) generation.
Clopidogrel Increases Bleeding in Off-Pump CABG (2006)

Among the major benefits of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (off-pump CABG) are reduced rates of bleeding, transfusion, and reoperation. In
A Study on Rhodium – Vinylallene Complexes Leading to a New Reaction, Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [4 + 1]Cycloaddition (1996)

Both η2- and η4-coordinated (vinylallene)rhodium(I) complexes can be obtained by ligand exchange with vinylallenes, depending on the substitution at the allene terminus. Vinylallenes like 1 react with CO via η4 complexes in a new RhI-catalyzed [4 + 1]cycloaddition to give cyclopentenones 2.
Interferon induction and utilization (1968)

Abstract The interferon mechanism offers the hope for moderate to high level prophylactic immunity of broad antiviral spectrum but of relatively short duration. Economic and biological considerations offer little hope for utilization of exogenous interferon as a prophylactic or therapeutic substance, unless but a small part of the total molecule be found to carry the activity. The real promise for interferon application is in the administration of suitable inducers so as to cause the body to produce and distribute its own interferon. Certain ribonucleic acids (RNA's) offer hope for high level potency as inducers without adverse effect. The condition for interferon induction by ribonucleic acids appears to be double‐ or multistrandedness and freedom from inhibitors. These can be of biologic or synthetic origin. The mechanism of action of interferon is not fully understood but appears to fit into the Jacob‐Monod model involving two phases: first, a derepression by the inducer to cause the cell to form interferon and second, a derepression by interferon to cause recipient cells to form the active substance which acts by preventing translation from viral messenger RNA. Double or multistranded RNA of viral or other origin appears to be unique to the cell and serves as the alert to it to produce interferon in phase 1. Greatest need for interferon is clearly for those diseases in which there is a multiplicity of immunologic types in excess of the numbers which could be put into a vaccine as, e.g., the common cold and enteric viruses. There might be some overall therapeutic benefit also if inducer were given early enough in infection. Special value for interferon induction might derive by administration in early life before the development of immunologic maturity, as a means for preventing infection with oncogenic or other viruses. Additionally, suitable inducers might be capable of interrupting the reinfection cycle in virus‐dependent malignancies. The favorable outlook for interferon utilization must always be tempered with the realization that under certain as yet undiscovered situations, adverse rather than beneficial effects might result from indution of interferon. It is not impossible that in certain special circumstances, as in ordinary immunologic responses, it might be more beneficial to negate rather than to promote the effect.
A Tandem [3+2] Cycloaddition-Elimination Cascade Reaction to Generate Pyrrolo-[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3-diones (2013)

An efficient tandem [3+2] cycloaddition–elimination cascade sequence has been developed enabling assembly of the pharmacologically relevant pyrrolo-[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyrrole-1,3-dione chemotype. The strategy involves simple mixing of readily accessible oxazolin-2-ones and pyrrole-2,5-diones in the presence of base under mild conditions, rendering the title compounds in typically excellent yields. Of note, this route allows for installation of three points of diversity and is ideal for combinatorial applications and parallel synthesis production campaigns.
Efficient Power Scaling in the Mid-IR with a ZnGeP2 OPO (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. A. Pomeranz, P. A. Budni, P. G. Schunemann, T. M. Pollak, P. A. Ketteridge, I. Lee, and E. P. Chicklis, "Efficient Power Scaling in the Mid-IR with a ZnGeP2 OPO," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, C. Pollock and W. Bosenberg, eds., Vol. 10 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper PC8. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Migratory capacity of large granular lymphocytes from T-gamma-lymphoproliferative disorders. (1986)

We have investigated 10 patients with T gamma-lymphoproliferative disorders (T gamma LPD) for cell migratory capacity. Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) expanding in these subjects expressed natural killer cell markers (HNKI, B73.1, AB8.28, N901, OKM1) to a variable extent. The patients' LGLs mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, while appreciable natural killer activity was only measurable in 3 patients. The migratory capacity of T gamma LPD was examined by using nitrocellulose filters. The patients' LGLs migrated into filters and showed responsiveness (in 9 of 10 patients) to activated serum, used as chemoattractant, as normal LGLs do. No clearcut correlation emerged between in vitro migratory capacity and disease aggressiveness or involvement of abdominal organs. These results confirm in T gamma LPD the migratory potential of LGLs and suggest the possibility that acquisition of enhanced locomotor capacity is not a crucial determinant of disease aggressiveness in T gamma LPD.
Effects of β1 and β2-Adrenoceptor Stimulation on Hemodynamics in the Anesthetized Rat (1990)

The role of β1-adrenoceptors in mediation of vasodilatation is not clear. The microsphere technique was used to compare the effects of mixed β-, β1-, and β2-stimulation on blood flow and conductance changes in five groups of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats: I, vehicle; II, mixed β-stimulation; III, β1-stimulation; IV, β2-stimulation; and V, mixed β-blockade. Isoproterenol (32 ng/kg/min) was infused into rats either without (group II) or with ICI 118,551 β2-blocker, 30 μg/kg, group III), atenolol (β1-blocker, 100 μg/kg, group IV), or both blockers (group V), respectively. At the doses selected, ICI 118,551 shifted the dose-vasodepressor response curve of salbutamol β2-agonist) to the right but had no effect on the dose-chronotropic response curve of dobutamine (β1-agonist), whereas atenolol shifted the dosechronotropic response curve of dobutamine to the right and had no effect on the dose-vasodepressor response curve of salbutamol. The results show that isoproterenol increased heart rate (HR) and arterial conductances in the coronary and skeletal muscle beds but had no effects in other beds. Combined with ICI 118,551, isoproterenol caused similar increases in HR and coronary arterial conductance but markedly less increase in skeletal muscle conductance. Atenolol abolished the increase in HR by isoproterenol but did not affect the increases in coronary and muscular arterial conductances. With both blockers, isoproterenol produced no increase in coronary and skeletal muscle conductance. Therefore, both β1- and β2-adrenoceptors play a role in coronary and skeletal muscle vasodilatation. Whether coronary vasodilatation subsequent to β1-stimulation is entirely due to metabolic factors or is additionally contributed to by direct effects is not clear.
Ion‐bombardment‐induced changes in the electronic structure of silicon surfaces (1982)

Disorder produced by argon‐ion bombardment of a (100) silicon surface was studied using low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Bombardment beams with energies of 500 eV and 3 keV were used. The high energy portion of the loss‐corrected, integral, L23VV Auger peak is increased in intensity after ion bombardment. It is concluded that disorder increased the number of occupied states at the top of the valence band, and it was found that hydrogenation removed these states. Comparisons of these results with those of a similar study of (111)Si surfaces and with soft x‐ray emission results are discussed. The enhanced state density in the gap region can be related to the ’’band‐tail’’ states found in amorphous silicon. Results of model calculations are also presented; these calculations relate the density of valence band states to the local disorder about the Auger electron‐emitting atomic site.
Identification of a microcystin in benthic cyanobacteria linked to cattle deaths on alpine pastures in Switzerland (1997)

During the last two decades, more than 100 cattle deaths have been reported from 11 alpine sites in south-eastern Switzerland. Pathological findings and the histological examination of their organs strongly indicated acute hepatotoxicosis. Clinical symptoms suggestive of neurotoxicity were also observed in some cases. To elucidate the etiology of these poisonings, different water bodies in one of the affected alpine pastures were investigated for cyanobacterial toxins. The waters were highly oligotrophic, cold and turbid, and the ice-free period was limited to 3–4 months. The algal community in these waters consisted mostly of benthic cyanobacteria forming dense mats on the surface of sediments and on submerged rocks. Oscillatoria limosa and Phormidium konstantinosum (=Oscillatoria tenuis) dominated these populations, but occasionally other species of Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Tychonema and Pseudanabaena also occurred in the mats. Samples from the cyanobacterial mats yielded positive results in a protein phosphatase inhibition assay, reacted with antibodies against microcystins in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were hepatotoxic in a mouse bioassay. The same cyanobacterial material also included neurological effects in mice. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify a microcystin, in these cyanobacterial samples as well as in the corresponding lake water. To our knowledge, this is the first documented example of hepatotoxicity associated with benthic cyanobacteria, and the first report of toxic cyanobacteria from the remote, oligotrophic alpine environment.
Software Simulation of Ka Band HTS System Macro SNIR (2015)

A study on Ka band high throughput satellite (HTS) system signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) variation of high speed mobiles is presented. High speed mobility over frequency reuse beams results in variable signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) spatially on the macro scale. The SNIR variation depends on mobile path and speed, beam deployment scheme and tropospheric channel conditions. The study investigates mobile SNIR en route its path in different spot beam deployment scenarios. The software resulted from the study simulates the spot beam SNIR deployment, the path instantaneous SNIRs, the path SNIR cumulative density functions (cdfs) and the path SNIR variation rate. As the fundamental performance measure of a link, the SNIR and SNIR cdf can aid in impairments mitigation in the receiver, hand over decision making on board the satellite as well as service provisioning and dynamic resource allocation for Ka band HTS systems that offer capacity to the heterogeneous structure of today’s communications traffic.
A Comparison of the Total Capacitance and Total Resistance Techniques for Measuring the Thickness of Journal Bearing Oil Films in an Operating Engine (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Bearing oil film thickness (BOFT) values were determined for the front sain bearing of a four-cylinder engine at different engine speeds, loads, and oil temperatures using two different measurement techniques. The total resistance technique assumes the oil film can be modelled as a simple ohmic resistor. The total capacitance technique assumes the oil film can be described as a simple capacitor. A comparison of results determined using both methods for a set of single-grade oils demonstrates that, although the methods agree quantitatively for certain combinations of engine test conditions and oils, the level of precision with the total capacitance technique is greater than with the total resistance technique. This difference is attributed to the fact that the oil dielectric constant, which is needed for calculating BOFT values in the total capacitance method, can be measured more precisely than can the oil conductivity, which is needed in the total resistance method. Of the two methods, the total capacitance technique is superior for measuring bearing oil film thickness in an operating engine.</div>
Recombinant<scp>l</scp>-glutaminase obtained from<i>Geobacillus thermodenitrificans</i>DSM-465: characterization and<i>in silico</i>elucidation of conserved structural domains (2019)

Glutaminase (GLS) is an enzyme essential for amino acid metabolism; in particular, it acts as a catalyst in glutaminolysis, a reaction exploited by the malignant cells to meet the nutrient requirements for their accelerated growth and proliferation. <i>Via</i> regulating the initial reaction of the glutaminolysis pathway, glutaminase offers an intriguing target for the development of anticancer drugs. In the present study, we produced a recombinant glutaminase from <i>Geobacillus thermodenitrificans</i> DSM-465 in <i>E. coli</i>. The enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, with 40% recovery and 22.36 fold purity. It exhibited a molecular weight of 33 kDa, with an optimum pH and temperature of 9 and 70 °C, respectively. The <i>K</i> <sub>M</sub> value of the purified enzyme was 104 μM for l-glutamine. A 3D model was built for the enzyme using Swiss-Model and subjected to molecular docking with the substrate and potential inhibitors. Moreover, the subject enzyme was compared with the human kidney type GLS-K by ConSurf and TM-align servers for evolutionary conserved residues and structural domains. Despite having less than 40% amino acid identity, the superimposed monomers of both enzymes exhibited ∼94% structural identity. With a positional difference, the active site residues Ser65, Asn117, Glu162, Asn169, Tyr193, Tyr245, and Val263 found in the bacterial enzyme were also conserved in the human GLS-K. Molecular docking results have shown that CB-839 is the best inhibitor for GLS-GT and UPGL00004 is the best inhibitor for GLS-K, as designated by the binding free energy changes, <i>i.e.</i> Δ<i>G</i> -388.7 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> and Δ<i>G</i> -375 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Moreover, six potential inhibitory molecules were ranked according to their binding free energy change values for both enzymes. The information can be used for the <i>in vivo</i> anticancer studies.
A Scalable Approach to Building Fast Switches using Slow Schedulers (2007)

Architectures for high-speed switches have been intensely studied over the past few years due to the need to rapidly scale switch capacities to match the large capacity increases in optical transmission and to handle the fast growth in Internet traffic. Several key research results (McKeown, 1996), (Dai, 2000), showing how fundamental throughput limits can be overcome, have made input-buffered architectures popular for implementing high-speed switches. These architectures also have the inherent advantage of not needing a large speed-up at the output ports. However, a major bottleneck in scaling input-buffered switches is the scheduler needed to keep the switch stable and achieve high-throughput. Several approaches have been proposed to solve this problem including pipelining the implementation, reducing the frequency of schedule computations, etc. An alternate approach which eliminates the scheduler has been proposed but this requires switch speed-up and mechanisms to re-sequence out-of-order packets. In this paper, we develop a scheme that virtually eliminates the scheduling bottleneck. This is achieved by an intelligent combination of parallel implementation and a new scheduling algorithm that works well with partial information regarding arrivals and inexact knowledge of current backlog between various input-output ports. We show that our scheme is stable, achieves very low delays in comparison to other schemes, performs very well even at very high utilization and for various traffic patterns.
Fermentation, Purification, and Characterization of Protective Antigen from a Recombinant, Avirulent Strain of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (1998)

Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent for anthrax, produces two bipartite, AB-type exotoxins, edema toxin and lethal toxin. The B subunit of both exotoxins is an M(r) 83,000 protein termed protective antigen (PA). The human anthrax vaccine currently licensed for use in the United States consists primarily of this protein adsorbed onto aluminum oxyhydroxide. This report describes the production of PA from a recombinant, asporogenic, nontoxigenic, and nonencapsulated host strain of B. anthracis and the subsequent purification and characterization of the protein product. Fermentation in a high-tryptone, high-yeast-extract medium under nonlimiting aeration produced 20 to 30 mg of secreted PA per liter. Secreted protease activity under these fermentation conditions was low and was inhibited more than 95% by the addition of EDTA. A purity of 88 to 93% was achieved for PA by diafiltration and anion-exchange chromatography, while greater than 95% final purity was achieved with an additional hydrophobic interaction chromatography step. The purity of the PA product was characterized by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-capillary electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, native gel electrophoresis, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The biological activity of the PA, when combined with excess lethal factor in the macrophage cell lysis assay, was comparable to previously reported values.
Diacetyl Biosynthesis in<i>Streptococcus diacetilactis</i>and<i>Leuconostoc citrovorum</i> (1968)

Pyruvate was shown to be the precursor of diacetyl and acetoin in Streptococcus diacetilactis, but dialyzed cell-free extracts of S. diacetilactis and Leuconostoc citrovorum that had been treated with anion-exchange resin to remove coenzyme A (CoA) formed only acetoin from pyruvate in the presence of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and Mg(++) or Mn(++) ions. The ability to produce diacetyl was restored by the addition of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-phosphate did not replace the acetyl-CoA. Neither diacetyl nor acetoin was formed when the otherwise complete reaction system was modified by using boiled extract or by omitting the extract, pyruvate, TPP, or the metal ions. Free acetaldehyde was not involved in the biosynthesis of diacetyl or acetoin from pyruvate, dialyzed cell-free extracts of the bacteria produced only acetoin (besides CO(2)) from alpha-acetolactate, and acetoin was not involved in the biosynthesis of diacetyl. Only one of the optical isomers present in racemic alpha-acetolactate was attacked by the extracts, and there was no appreciable spontaneous decarboxylation of the alpha-acetolactate at the pH (4.5) used in experiments.
Further Experiments Using a Larynx Model (1966)

Research has continued on the model of the larynx described at a previous meeting of the society. [T. H. Crystal, “Model of Larynx Activity during Phonation,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 93(A) (1965)]. The model has been adjusted to exhibit the same trends in subglottal pressure, average flow rate, and vocal intensity measured by Isshiki in experiments on human subjects [N. Isshiki, “Regulatory Mechanism of Voice Intensity Variation,” J. Speech Hearing Res. 7, 17–29 (1964).] This is achieved by adjusting spring tension and rest position of the simple-harmonic oscillator that is used to model the mechanical facets of vocal-fold activity. Additional data have been gathered on the loading effect of simple vocal-tract models on the operation of the larynx model. The model also has been used to demonstrate the waveform changes that might be expected when a talker breathes helium-rich air. [Work supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, by the U. S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, by Project MAC, an MIT research program sponsored by the U. S. Department of Defense.]
Phase and frequency detectors for clock synchronization in high-speed optical transmission systems (2003)

Several phase and frequency detectors (PFDs) for clock recovery in high-speed optical transmission systems are presented. Their performance is evaluated by means of computer simulations and laboratory experiments using a 140-Mb/s system prototype. The results demonstrate that the proposed detectors substantially increase the loop's acquisition range with respect to conventional phase detectors without degrading its steady-state jitter performance. The improved acquisition performance is obtained at the expense of a very small increase of the loop hardware complexity. The presented detectors thus turn out to be very attractive for high-speed optical systems as they allow the use of low-cost, low-precision oscillators in the timing recovery loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>