gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tolmetin in Osteoarthrosis of the Hip and Knee : Double-Blind Crossover Trials (1977)

A double-blind crossover study was carried out in 24 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee to compare the efficacy of a 1200 mg tolmetin daily dose with a 600 mg daily dose, each given for 2 weeks. Both regimens were well tolerated and appeared to give satisfactory relief of pain, but no differences in response between the two dosages were noted either because the number of patients involved were small or because the methods of monitoring clinical improvement were not sufficiently sensitive. A further double-blind crossover study was carried out in 40 patients to compare the efficacy of 1200 mg tolmetin daily with 150 mg ketoprofen daily, each drug being given for 2 weeks after an initial 1-week period on placebo. Pain was monitored using a visual analogue line technique and significant differences were found between both active and placebo periods. Analysis of the biochemical monitoring of both trials showed statistically significant rises in blood urea for all active treatment periods. There were no concomitant changes in serum creatinine, suggesting this effect to be extra-renal in origin. In general, side-effect incidence was low; 1 patient withdrew from ketoprofen treatment because of weight increase and urine retention.
Hula-twist, a Supramolecular Photoisomerization Reaction Mechanism in Reactions of Photosensitive Biopigments (2002)

Hula-twist is a volume-conserving photoisomerization reaction mechanism postulated in 1985 to account for the rapid photoisomerization of the retinyl chromophore in rhodopsin. The requisite stereochemical consequence of simultaneous isomerization of a double bond and an adjacent single bond has rece...
Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research (1970)

Two aspects of translation were investigated: (1) factors that affect translation quality, and (2) how equivalence between source and target versions can be evaluated. The variables of language, content, and difficulty were studied through an analysis of variance design. Ninety-four bilinguals from the University of Guam, representing ten languages, translated or back-translated six essays incorporating three content areas and two levels of difficulty. The five criteria for equivalence were based on comparisons of meaning or predictions of similar responses to original or translated versions. The factors of content, difficulty, language and content-language interaction were significant, and the five equivalence criteria proved workable. Conclusions are that translation quality can be predicted, and that a functionally equivalent translation can be demonstrated when responses to the original and target versions are studied.
O-Acylation of Heteropolyanions Containing Two Adjacent Vanadium Atoms (1988)

Reaction of Keggin- or Dawson-type heteropolyanions containing two adjacent vanadium atoms with acetic anhydride in the presence of acid produced acylated anions. Heteropolyanions with one or no vanadium atom do not react under the same conditions, indicating that the acyl group is attached to the bridging oxygen atom between the two vanadium atoms. A characteristic infrared band at 1760 was observed for the acylated anions. The 8-line EPR spectrum shows that one of the vanadium atoms is reduced to V(IV ). The acylated heteropolyanions are easily hydrolyzed, and its acyl group can also be transferred to aniline.
Analysis of Olive Oils by Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications (2012)

Olive Oil -Constituents, Quality, Health Properties and Bioconversions 64 techniques, relying on recording of single emission or excitation spectra, are often insufficient if directly applied. In such cases, total luminescence or synchronous scanning fluorescence techniques are used, improving the analytic potential of the fluorescence measurements. With contributions from numerous analytes, the autofluorescence of olive oil exhibits numerous overlapping bands. Such complex spectra should be analyzed using multivariate and multiway methods.
A Global Integration Platform for Optimizing Cooperative Modeling and Simultaneous Joint Inversion of Multi-domain Geophysical Data (2016)

<abstract> This paper reviews the theoretical aspects and the practical issues of different types of geophysical integration approaches. Moreover it shows how these approaches can be combined and optimized into the same platform. We discuss both cooperative modeling and Simultaneous Joint Inversion (SJI) as complementary methods for integration of multi-domain geophysical data: these data can be collected at surface (seismic, electromagnetic, gravity) as well as in borehole (composite well logs). The main intrinsic difficulties of any SJI approach are the high computational requirements, the non-uniqueness of the final models, the proper choice of the relations between the different geophysical domains, the quantitative evaluation of reliability indicators. In order to face efficiently all these problems we propose and describe here a “systemic approach”: the algorithms of modeling and SJI are merged with an integration architecture that permits the selection of workflows and links between different algorithms, the management of data and models coming from different domains, the smart visualization of partial and final results. This Quantitative Integration System (QUIS) has been implemented into a complex software and hardware platform, comprising many advanced codes working in cooperation and running on powerful computer clusters. The paper is divided into two main parts. First we discuss the theoretical formulation of SJI and the key concepts of the QUIS platform. In the second part we present a synthetic SJI test and a case history of QUIS application to a real exploration problem. </abstract>
Applying causal-state splitting reconstruction algorithm to natural language processing tasks (2008)

This thesis is focused on the study and use of Causal State Splitting Reconstruction (CSSR) algorithm for Natural 
Language Processing (NLP) tasks, CSSR is an algorithm that captures patterns from data building automata in the 
form of visible Markov Models. It is based on the principles of Computational Mechanics and takes advantage of many 
properties of causal state theory. One of the main advantages of CSSR with respect to Markov Models is that it builds 
states containing more than one $n$­gram (called history in computational mechanics), so the obtained automata are 
much smaller than the equivalent Markov Model.
In this work, we first study the behavior of the algorithm when learning patterns related to NLP tasks but without 
performing any annotation task. This first experiments are useful to understand the parameters that affect the 
algorithm and to check that it is able to capture the patterns present in natural language sentences. 
Secondly, we propose a way to apply CSSR to NLP annotation tasks. The algorithm is not originally conceived to use 
the hidden information necessary for annotation tasks, so we devised a way to introduce it into the system in order to 
obtain automata including this information that can be afterwards used to annotate new text. Also, some methods to 
deal with unseen events and a modification of the algorithm to make it more suitable for NLP tasks have been 
presented and tested. These three aspects conform the first line of contributions of this research, altogether with a 
deep experimental study of the proposed methods. 
The experimental study of the proposed approach is performed in three different tasks: Named Entity Recognition in 
general and Biomedical domain and Chunking. The obtained results are promising in the two first tasks though not so 
good for Chunking. Nevertheless, it is not easy to improve the obtained performance following the same approach, 
since CSSR needs quite reduced feature sets to build correct automaton and that limits the performance of the 
developed system. For that reason, we propose to combine CSSR with graphical models, in order to enrich the 
features that the system can take into account.
This combination conforms the second line of contributions of this thesis. There is a variety of possible graphical 
models that can be used, but for the moment we propose to combine CSSR algorithm with Maximum Entropy (ME) 
models. ME models can be used as a way of introducing more information into the system, encoding it as features. In 
this line, we propose and test two methods for combining CSSR and ME models in order to improve the results 
obtained with original CSSR. The first method is simple and does not modify the automata­building algorithm while the 
second one is more sophisticated and builds automata taking into account the ME features. We will see that though 
much more simpler, the first method leads to an important improvement with respect to original CSSR but the second 
method does not.
Corrosion and Other Causes Of Failure Of Electric Immersion Heater Elements in New Zealand: I. Examination Of Elements From Domestic Installations (1968)

(1968). Corrosion and Other Causes Of Failure Of Electric Immersion Heater Elements in New Zealand: I. Examination Of Elements From Domestic Installations. British Corrosion Journal: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 12-19.
F/A-18C to E Wing Morphing Study for the Abrupt Wing Stall Program (2003)

Abstract : In an effort to determine the impact of various wing parameters on the abrupt wing stall phenomenon encountered by the pre-production F/A-18E, various characteristics of the F/A-18C wing were modified to reflect the design changes incorporated into the F/A-18E wing. The parameters evaluated during this study included thickness, camber, twist, leading-edge radius, leading-edge flap-chord ratio and the addition of a leading-edge snag. The wing parameters were modified independently and then in combination to determine their impact on the abrupt stall. Several potential computational Figures of Merit were evaluated to determine their utility for the prediction of an abrupt wing stall. One of the most promising Figures of Merit for indicating the onset of an abrupt stall was found to be the wingroot bending-moment coefficient. Using this Figure of Merit, it was determined that the incorporation of a leading-edge snag, the reduction of leading-edge flap-chord ratio and the elimination of camber are the likely contributors to the abrupt stall phenomenon encountered by the aircraft.
Identification of a Binding Motif for Ankyrin on the α-Subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase (1995)

Cytoskeleton membrane associations are important for a variety of cellular functions. The anion exchanger of erythrocytes (AE1) and Na+,K(+)-ATPase of polarized epithelial cells provide well studied examples of how integral membrane proteins are anchored via the linker molecule ankyrin to the spectrin-based membrane cytoskeleton. In the present study we have generated several recombinant fragments of the large (third) cytoplasmic domain (CD3) of Na+,K(+)-ATPase to define binding sites of ankyrin on CD3 at a molecular level. We provide evidence that a cluster of four amino acids, ALLK, is essential for binding of ankyrin to both recombinant CD3 and to native Na+,K(+)-ATPase. Once bound, conformational changes might uncover further binding sites for ankyrin on Na+,K(+)-ATPase. A motif related to the ALLK cluster is also present in the cytoplasmic domain of AE1 where this sequence (ALLLK) turned out to be also important for ankyrin binding. These motifs are highly conserved during evolution of both Na+,K(+)-ATPase and AE1, further underlining their potential role in cytoskeleton to membrane linkage.
Laser surgery of the skin. (1989)

The carbon dioxide laser, the argon laser and the pulse-dye laser are used to remove a variety of skin lesions. Advantages of laser surgery include a relatively bloodless operating field and minimal postoperative discomfort and swelling. Warts, tattoos, actinic cheilitis, skin cancer, xanthelasma, ingrown toenails, keloids and port-wine stains are among the lesions that can be removed with laser surgery. The tunable pulse-dye laser is particularly useful in the treatment of vascular lesions.
4‐Phenyl‐2‐chinuclidinol (1975)

Abstract Die Reduktion von 6 mit LiAlH 4 liefert den ersten Vertreter eines stabilen Halbaminals der Chinuclidinreihe 15 als Hauptprodukt. Die Struktur von 15 wird spektroskopisch und durch chemische Umsetzungen, die zu weiteren 2‐substituierten 4‐Phenylchinuclidinen führen, gesichert.
Empirical study of railway bureaus portals in China (2008)

This paper researches portals of 11 railway bureaus which are Beijing, Shenyang, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Shanghai, Nanchang, Kunming, Lanzhou, Taiyuan, Wuhan and Xi'an. By visiting the Railway Bureau portals online, we collect basic data reflecting the state and obtain relevant conclusions through the analysis and comparison of data. The paper also researched the papers of foreign status of the rail Web and portal, from which we achieve some experience to father the domestic railway portals. And by comparing the basic elements, basic functions, information services and e-commerce of the portals, it points out that portals should unite standard, improve the level of design and quality of service and increase real-time.
Accelerating convolutional neural networks by group-wise 2D-filter pruning (2017)

Network pruning is an effective way to accelerate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In recent years, structured pruning methods are proposed in favor of unstructured methods as they have shown greater speedup in practical use. Existing structured methods does pruning along two main dimensions: 3D-filter wise, i.e., remove a 3D-fllter as a whole, and filter-shape wise, i.e., remove a same position from all 3D-filters. In this work, we propose a new group-wise 2D-fllter pruning approach that is orthogonal and complementary to the existing methods. The proposed approach removes a portion of 2D-fllters from each 3D-filter according to the pruning patterns learned from the data, and leads to compressed models that do not require sophisticated implementation of convolution operations. A fine-tuning process is followed to recover the accuracy. The knowledge distillation (KD) framework is explored in the fine-tuning process to improve the performance. We present our method for learning the pruning pattens as well as the fine-tuning strategy based on knowledge distillation. The proposed approach is validated on two representative CNN models - ZF and VGG16, pre-trained on ILSVRC12. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. In VGG16, we get even higher accuracy after speeding-up the network by 4 times.
The Effect of α-Methylenelactone Group on the Feeding Deterrent Activity of Natural and Synthetic Alkenes Against Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (2009)

Studies on the feeding deterrent activity of some natural, cyclic terpenes (myrcene, (+)-3-carene, (+)-limonene, (±)-camphene), synthetic alkenes (2-methyl-1-pentene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 1-methylcyclohexene, 1-tetradecene) and their derivatives α-methylenelactones in choice and no-choice tests against Colorado potato beetle with potato, Solanum tuberosum L. leaf discs as consuming food were carried out. Deterrent indexes determined in the tests show that the strongest antifeedant to larvae and adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata was α-methylenelactone obtained from 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene. The structure modification of (+)-3-carene and (±)-camphene via introduction of α-methylenelactone moiety increased their deterrent activity, especially against larvae. Other starting alkenes and α-methylenelactones obtained from them were weak deterrents to both developmental stages of L. decemlineata.
[Synthesis of 4-[(4-chlorophenyl) (5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene amino]butyrates and its anticonvulsant activity]. (1990)

It is known that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Under physiological conditions it is very difficult for GABA to cross the blood-brain barrier. It is likely that the esters of GABA, Which easily enter the brain, will have useful therapeutic properties. With this in mind, we have designed and synthesized 8 derivatives (IVa to IVh) of gamma-aminobutyric acid with an imine to link a lipophilic carrier in order to facilitate the passage of gamma-aminobutyric acid to cross the blood-brain barrier. All the eight synthesized title compounds were evaluated as anticonvulsants in mice via the Antiepileptic Drug Development Program of NIH. The compounds IVb and IVf showed anticonvulsant activity.
Supporting Implicit Human-to-Vehicle Interaction: Driver Identification from Sitting Postures (2008)

Mobile internet services have started to pervade into vehicles, approaching a new generation of networked, ”smart” cars. With the evolution of in-car services, particularly with the emergence of services that are personalized to an individual driver (like road pricing, maintenance, insurance and ent
Missile Guidance by Three-Dimensional Proportional Navigation (1956)

Following a brief comparison of three collision-seeking types of navigation—pure pursuit, constant-bearing collision, and proportional navigation—the usual definition of planar proportional navigation is extended to three dimensions. Based upon a simple criterion for optimum navigation to the line-of-sight motion, a proper formulation is found in terms of the geodesic and normal curvatures of the missile path on the surface generated by the line of sight. By a suitable choice of a reference coordinate system, the missile-target kinematic relationships are then linearized, assuming relatively small deviations of the missile from a collision course. Upon combining these ``geometry feedback'' equations with the equations of guidance, the missile trajectory is found to be given in terms of two independent linear differential equations of identical form and of one higher order than the missile transfer function. Typical solutions are found for some simple cases. The character of the trajectory is shown to depend on an ``effective navigation constant'' proportional to the missile navigation constant (or gain) and the ratio of missile speed to closing speed; a value of this parameter greater than two is found to be necessary to insure finite terminal missile acceleration. Two example trajectories are calculated from both the exact and the linearized trajectory equations to indicate the accuracy of the linearization.
Bone inductive potential and dose-dependent response of bovine bone morphogenetic protein combined with type IV collagen carrier. (1993)

Using type IV collagen as carrier, the expression of bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP) activity and the relation of ectopic bone formation to BMP dosage in the reconstitution were investigated in BALB mice. Visible heterotopic bone was induced by GuHCl-extracted bovine BMP at a minimal dose of 0.5 mg within 21 days after the BMP was covalently bound to type IV collagen of weight 5.6 mg. The dose-dependent osteogenetic response of BMP was retained in the BMP/type IV collagen composite. As the BMP dose increased in the reconstitution, the integrated intensity and area of bone and cartilage formation, as quantified by a computerized scanner, were enhanced. Degradation of the collagenous carrier was improved by BMP, and neovascularization of the implant site initiated by type IV collagen was also observed. The covalent binding of BMP to type IV collagen postponed the time-sequence of ectopic bone development induced by BMP alone. The conclusion was that the exaggerated and extended effects of type IV collagen on BMP are mainly due to chemotaxis to progenitor cells, immunogenetically inert, vascular initiation and biodegradability in type IV collagen.
Über eine allgemeine Theorie der Phasenumwandlungen (1951)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß das statistische Analogon einer Umwandlung r ‐ter Ordnung darin besteht, daß die relativen Schwankungsgrößen der Ordnung r + 1 sehr groß werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich alle Aussagen der Thermodynamik über Phasenumwandlungen rein statistisch ableiten. Weiter ergibt sich: Umwandlungen lassen sich nur asymptotisch für unendlich große Systeme scharf definieren; sie können nur in kooperativen Systemen auftreten. Jede Umwandlung I. Ordnung muß einen kritischen Punkt besitzen. Anomale Umwandlungen I. Ordnung können nicht auftreten.
Evidence for reaction-induced microfracturing in granulite facies migmatites (2000)

Water-undersaturated partial melting at granulite facies conditions, followed by accumulation and upward migration of the resulting granitic melt, is one of the principle causes of crustal differentiation. Microfracturing caused by small, positive volume changes associated with water-undersaturated melting reactions may facilitate rapid extraction of melts from melting sites. We have successfully imaged annealed microfractures in residual quartz from three granulite facies migmatites. Annealed microfractures have been discovered in (1) quartz inclusions in peritectic garnet; (2) quartz inclusions in K-feldspar; and (3) quartz occurring as entrained grains. In the latter, oscillatory zoned quartz has overgrown fractures in the residual core, indicating that fracturing occurred prior to melt crystallization and that postanatectic volume changes are not responsible for the observed fracturing. Fractures are generally
Brand-related, Consumer to Consumer, Communication via Social Media (2013)

Social media has a lot to offer to the marketers in the form of a ‘web of brand-related-conversations’. With the popularity of social media, users indulge in ‘eword-of-mouth’ (eWOM) behaviour while interacting with other users of social media, thereby diffusing the brand-related discussions to a much larger audience. Consumers have compelling stories to share about their brand experiences, seek recommendations and exchange product information with other users of social media. This research brings to the fore factors that can, at outset, induce eWOM behaviour in the form of motivation and social relational properties. Drivers or motives of eWOM behaviour on social media are unique and at the same time nurturing relationships and networking is one of the fundamental functionality users of social media derive. Therefore, both of these factors ought to play a crucial role in comprehending the underlying eWOM behaviour. Researchers have empirically found eWOM on social media to be capable of influencing, both, consumption-related behaviour and brand equity. Even marketers, with the help of technology, are closely monitoring eWOM to capture consumer sentiments and insights. Unlike traditional WOM, which mostly originated from known and trustworthy sources, eWOM may originate from sources where no significant prior relationship exists. Therefore, the influence of eWOM towards consumption-related behaviours is likely to be moderated by credibility perceptions consumers derive from both, the source of the eWOM and the message itself. Hence to understand the phenomenon better, this is a conceptual article based on extensive review of relevant literature that attempts to understand the precursors that lead to eWOM behaviour on social media and the role of credibility. The study suggests a conceptual model along with testable propositions.
Rule weight generation for a fuzzy classification system based on fuzzy clustering methods (1994)

The authors propose a method of automated generation of a fuzzy classification system consisting of a fuzzification unit, a rule evaluation unit and a rule weighting unit based on fuzzy clustering algorithms. All three parts of the classification system are generated automatically using training data, expert knowledge expressed in natural language may be integrated into the system, if available. The authors focus on the topic of the generation of rule weights to be used in the rule weighting unit. Several methods are discussed and tested with an example from industrial quality control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>