gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of macrophage populations. I. Preferential induction of Ia-rich peritoneal exudates by immunologic stimuli. (1980)

The amounts of Ia-positive and -negative macrophages were studied in peritoneal exudates of normal mice or of mice injected with various inflammatory materials, infected with Listeria monocytogenes, or injected with hemocyanin. Ia-negative macrophages predominated in exudates from normal mice or from mice given mineral oil, peptone, thioglycollate, culture media, or endotoxin. Infection with Listeria caused a very marked increase in Ia-positive macrophages. The induction of Ia-positive macrophages by Listeria inoculation resulted in great part from an immune process. The Ia-positive exudates were more readily generated in immune mice given a secondary challenge with heat-killed organisms. Furthermore, immune T cells transplanted together with heat-killed organisms into normal mice resulted in Ia-rich exudates. Injection of hemocyanin also induced Ia-rich exudates involving an immune process. We conclude that an immune reaction involving T cells regulates the Ia phenotype of the exudate macrophage population. The Ia-positive macrophages were Fc and C3 receptor positive and phagocytized latex particles.
Equilibrium and Transport Properties of Aqueous Electrolytes within Narrow Slit-shaped Pores: from Molecular Dynamics Results to Nanofluidics Devices (2011)

Abstract preview not available - see full-text PDF article.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) (2011)

Program Description Objective: Develop a working algorithm that effectively eliminates dangerous conditions while efficiently provides reasonable alternatives to address LPR symptoms. Methods: use an audience response system in combination with a structured set of questions directed to the audience. End result: a real world proposed treatment algorithm. White paper. Possible basis for outcomes assessment study. The overall goal of this session is to define current practice trends on the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) based on actual audience participation/input, and the consideration of appropriate management for a typical patient. Using an interactive panel format, the moderator will prompt panelists to present a quick review of epidemiology, symptomatology, and co‐morbid conditions impacting laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR); diagnosis/differential diagnosis; current evidence on diagnostic and therapeutic management; and future research and management implications. After laying out background, the moderator/panel will consider real world patient management algorithms. Educational Objectives 1) Who is the typical patient presenting with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in an otolaryngology practice? 2) What diagnostic testing options are or should be employed? What are the common treatment pathways? 3) What differential data should be considered? What health care costs impact diagnosis/treatment? When is referral recommended?
Predicting prognosis in stable angina—results from the Euro heart survey of stable angina: prospective observational study (2006)

A score based on the presence of simple, objective clinical and investigative variables makes it possible to discriminate effectively between very low risk and very high risk patients and to estimate the probability of death or non-fatal myocardial infarction over one year.
Genetics of essential oil yield and their component traits in vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) (2020)

The thirteen lines and five testers used for Line × tester analysis in vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) to estimate the general and specific combining ability and the other allied genetic parameters with respect to physiological traits, essential oil contents, yield of essential oil and other components. The mean squares of all the eleven traits were significant for variances GCA and SCA stipulating that additive and non-additive genes control these characters. The character root yield/plot (ml), female lines L4 (g.c.a.= 71.585, x/Mean= 553.33), L13 (g.c.a.= 63.918, x/Mean= 383.33), and among testers T3 (g.c.a.= 31.149, x/Mean= 583.33) followed by T1 (g.c.a.= 26.046, x/Mean= 433.33) were the better general combiners; In the essential oil trait the female lines L1 (g.c.a.= 0.240, x/Mean= 0.80) followed by L3 (g.c.a.= 0.143, x/Mean= 0.81), L2 (g.c.a.= 0.111, x/Mean= 0.85), L9 (g.c.a.= 0.203, x/Mean= 0.78) were the better general combiners. For the character the essential oil/plot (g) the female lines L10 (g.c.a.= 1.156, x/Mean= 0.97), L7 (g.c.a.= 0.869, x/Mean= 3.50), L11 (g.c.a. = 0.802, x/Mean=5.00), L9 (g.c.a.= 0.669, x/Mean= 1.67), and L2 (g.c.a. = 0.556, x/Mean=2.57), and among testers T3 (g.c.a.= 0.391, x/Mean= 4.67) and T4 (g.c.a.=0.330, x/Mean=5.67) were the better general combiners. The heritability in the narrow sense was low in all the traits (008-3.796 %) and in most of the traits genetic advance was poor (0.008-2.93) except the two traits i.e. high namely root yield/plot (ml) 180.44 and stomatal conductance (160.99) %. The relative magnitude of SCA variance was higher than GCA for all the traits in the present investigation, depicting the predominance of non-additive gene action for inheritance of these characters. The hybrids L7× T3 followed by L10× T5, L2×T3 and L4×T5 were best for the essential oil yield of better quality and the three hybrids showed high mean performance for the khusimol content (%) namely, L8 × T4 (34.50), L3 × T1 (34.30) and L13 × T4 (34.17) % with high s.c.a. could be exploited for large area cultivation.
CIRCULATING INDICES OF INFLAMMATION/OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE OBESE PATIENTS (2011)

De Ciuceis, C.; Pilu, A.; Porteri, E.; La Boria, E.; Corbellini, C.; Boari, G. E.M.; Mittempergher, F.; Di Betta, E.; Casella, C.; Agabiti Rosei, C.; Ruggeri, G.; Rizzoni, D.; Agabiti Rosei, E. Author Information
Factors enhancing diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in microsomes from cell‐suspension cultures of oilseed rape (1999)

Several factors, including an unidentified endogenous component, were found to stimulate microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) from a microspore-derived cell-suspension culture of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Jet Neuf). At a concentration of 25 mM, MgSO4 and MgCl2 stimulated microsomal DGAT 25- and 10-fold, respectively. ATP and CoA at concentrations of 2 and 1 mM stimulated the enzyme 2.4- and 12-fold, respectively, although the effects were lessened in the presence of higher Mg2+ concentrations. Although microsomal DGAT activity was increased only slightly by the addition of exogenous sn-1,2-diacylglycerol to the reaction mixture, it was increased substantially by the addition of exogenous phosphatidate. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate and other phospholipids tested did not have this stimulatory effect. DGAT activity did not decrease when microsomes were incubated with ATP in the presence of the cytosolic fraction. This fraction, however, contained a small organic compound(s) that stimulated microsomal DGAT activity.
Urea-SCR-Technology - Performance of Structured Metallic Substrates (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">SCR technology has proven its ability to significantly reduce NO<sub>X</sub> emissions to fulfill future emission legislations. The key to this technology is the generation of ammonia on-board to reduce the NO<sub>X</sub>. Ammonia generation catalyst systems need to be highly efficient in a limited packaging space. The influence of physical parameters of the catalyst's substrate such as thermal mass, hydraulic diameter and geometric surface area on catalyst's efficiency is well known, but the transport processes in structured metallic substrates are still an object of investigation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A numerical study for 3 structured substrates was carried out, and the results were compared with experimental data. An increase of the volumetric efficiency was found when structured substrates were applied. The numerical results are in good accordance with the experimental data and therefore proven to be an excellent tool for channel design optimization.</div>
Challenging the Two Concepts in Determining the Appropriate Pre-Discharge N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Treatment Target in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients: Absolute or Relative Discharge Levels? (2015)

In an ADHF population, pre-discharge absolute or relative NT-proBNP targets may both be useful as they have similar effects on PARF. However, depending on admission NT-proBNP, absolute targets show varying PARFs, while PARFs for relative targets were similar. A relative target is predicted to reduce mortality consistently across the whole spectrum of ADHF patients, while this is not the case using a single absolute target.
Pathophysiological significance and clinical application of ANP and BNP in patients with heart failure (2001)

Plasma levels of ANP and BNP increase in accordance with the severity of the heart failure. In severe cases, the amount of BNP secreted surpasses that of ANP. The main secretion site of BNP is the ventricles, and that of ANP is the atria. However, ANP is also secreted from the ventricles as heart failure advances, and thus the ventricles are important sites for both BNP and ANP. It is well known that myocardial stretch is a key factor in the stimulation of the secretion of ANP and BNP, although neurohumoral factors also play a role in the secretion mechanism. The major physiological effects of ANP and BNP are vasodilation, natriuresis, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) and the sympathetic nervous systems; all of which are supposed to suppress the progression of heart failure. The inhibitory action of ANP and BNP on the RAA system has been considered to be an extra-cardiac effect. We recently reported the activation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme and aldosterone production in failing human hearts. ANP and BNP, however, would inhibit aldosterone production, not only in the adrenal cortex but also in cardiac tissue. ANP, and especially BNP, are useful markers of the heart's status during treatment for heart failure. The infusion of synthetic ANP (hANP) or BNP (Nesiritide) is effective in the treatment of acute heart failure. In Japan, BNP occupies an important position in the diagnosis of chronic heart failure, as ANP does in the treatment of acute heart failure.
NADIN SYSTEM DESIGN. VOLUME II. APPENDICES A THORUGH G (1975)

Prepared in cooperation with Network Analysis Corp., Glen Cove, N. Y., Contract TSC-338-029. See also Volume 1, AD-029 341.
Seebeck effect of as‐grown and micro‐structured metallic (Zn,Al)O (2010)

Abstract We studied the Seebeck coefficient S of sputtered Zn 0.98 Al 0.02 O samples with free carrier concentrations varying from 10 18 to 10 21 cm –3 . The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient at low carrier concentrations exhibits typical semiconductor behavior (S < 0 and pronounced phonon drag below 80K) whereas the metallic as‐grown Zn 0.98 Al 0.02 O shows a sign reversal of the Seebeck coefficient with decreasing temperature which is related to the not square‐root‐like density of states of this degenerately doped metallic material. Furthermore, metallic specimens were microstructured by photolithography and wet‐chemical etching with a pattern based on a square grid with a unit cell consisting of a centered square‐hole. The Seebeck coefficient changed systematically with decreasing size of the unit cell. The change of S is caused by a shift of the Fermi energy due to the creation of additional surface traps at the sidewalls of the micro holes (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heterolytic C–O cleavage in arylethers activated by [Fe(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> (1995)

The C–O bond of Fe(η5-C5H5)+ complexes of aryl ethers is cleaved smoothly by reaction of ButOK in THF or KOH in DME, yielding π-phenate complexes; transetherification can also be achieved in situ at room temperature.
Optimizing method of two-echelon equipment's spare parts inventory system with random horizontal replenishment (2008)

This paper promotes the optimizing model and simulation algorithm for two-echelon spare parts inventory system which includes one center warehouse and one distributive inventory system involving N sub-warehouses. The distributive inventory system optimizing model, which considers the random horizontal replenishment of spare parts among sub-warehouses, can give a optimal set of inventory control parameters(Si, si) with service level constraint. The center warehouse's inventory control optimizing model based on least squares and multiple linear regression, which could optimize parameters(Q,s) depending on different service level of the distributive inventory system, is presented. The results of numerical simulation show that the model and algorithm are effective in reducing inventory cost of equipment spare parts while enhancing service level. The analysis numerical simulation, compared with other optimizing model of two-echelon spare parts inventory system, implies the optimizing model and simulation algorithm for two-echelon spare parts inventory system are advanced.
A fluid approach for evaluating the performance of TCP traffic in the presence of real time traffic (2017)

Today, the Internet traffic is mostly dominated by an elastic data transfer. However, with the progressive development of the real time applications, it is anticipated that the streaming traffic will contribute a significant amount of traffic in the near future. By combining priority queuing with Class Based Weighted Fair Queueing (CBWFQ), The Low Latency Queueing (LLQ) is a very important router discipline that aims to provide the needed quality of service (QoS) for each traffic category. Priority queueing is used to guarantee delay constraints for real-time traffic, whereas CBWFQ is used to ensure acceptable throughput for traffic classes that are less sensitive to delay. In this paper, we focus on developing a fluid model to capture the relation between elastic traffic and the real time traffic in a LLQ system under a quasi-stationary assumption. Our analysis of the CBWFQ system is based on some numerical observations and relies on the conservation of the average total number of elastic flows carried by the elastic system. Detailed packet level simulations of TCP flows show the accuracy of our analysis. The results presented in this paper allows a rapid performance evaluation of TCP traffic circulating in the actual IP networks.
Heralded generation of Bell states using atomic ensembles (2013)

We propose a scheme that utilizes the collective enhancement of a photonic mode inside an atomic ensemble together with a proper Zeeman manifold to achieve a heralded polarization entangled Bell state. The entanglement is between two photons that are separated in time and can be used as a postselected deterministic source for applications such as quantum repeaters where a subsequent entanglement swapping measurement is employed. We present a detailed analysis of the practical limitation of the scheme.
Changes in valve morphology of<i>Thalassiosira decipiens</i>(Bacillariophyceae) cultured in media of four different salinities (1988)

The possible effect of different salinities on the valve morphology of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira decipiens was investigated. Cultures were grown in media of salinities ranging from 2 to 35%. for 40 days. Only the 15, 20, 25, and 30%. cultures had sufficient growth for statistical analysis of population differences. Areola shape, pattern, and density changed significantly with decreasing salinity. Valves with areola patterns skewed off-centre were more frequent in the lower salinities. Valve diameter also showed a significant decrease. Valves having reduced or missing fultoportulae and rimoportulae were common in the 15 and 20%. cultures.
Bidirectional Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability Controls Sensory Inputs Efficiency in Layer 5 Barrel Cortex Neurons<i>in Vivo</i> (2012)

Responsiveness of cortical neurons to sensory inputs can be altered by experience and learning. While synaptic plasticity is generally proposed as the underlying cellular mechanism, possible contributions of activity-dependent changes in intrinsic excitability remain poorly investigated. Here, we show that periods of rhythmic firing in rat barrel cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons can trigger a long-lasting increase or decrease in their membrane excitability in vivo. Potentiation of cortical excitability consisted of an increased firing in response to intracellular stimulation and a reduction in threshold current for spike initiation. Conversely, depression of cortical excitability was evidenced by an augmented firing threshold leading to a reduced current-evoked spiking. The direction of plasticity depended on the baseline level of spontaneous firing rate and cell excitability. We also found that changes in intrinsic excitability were accompanied by corresponding modifications in the effectiveness of sensory inputs. Potentiation and depression of cortical neuron excitability resulted, respectively, in an increased or decreased firing probability on whisker-evoked synaptic responses, without modifications in the synaptic strength itself. These data suggest that bidirectional intrinsic plasticity could play an important role in experience-dependent refinement of sensory cortical networks.
THE MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN STIMULATING GROWTH OF CHICKS (1963)

A study was made of the effect of antibiotics on growth of chicks and on intestinal absorption of fats and carbohydrates. Around the 8th day of life, chicks fed an antibiotic-free casein-sucrose diet developed a transitory syndrome of malabsorption of fats and carbohydrates, associated with disturbance of the efficiency of feed utilization and poor weight increase. Administration of virginiamycin, at a level of 20 ppm, suppressed this period of malabsorption and resulted in improved feed conversion and increased weight gain. The temporary growth depression and malabsorption were not observed in disinfected rooms in new quarters. Under these conditions virginiamycin did not stimulate growth nor was the efficiency of feed utilization improved by the antibiotic. However, the growth-depressing flora could be introduced to the new quarters by feeding each bird 50 mg of fresh feces collected from chicks in old quarters. Both the intestinal absorption and the growth-promoting effect of virginiamycin were influenced by the type of carbohydrate in the basal diet, and have been found to be most pronounced when sucrose was fed as the sole source of carbohydrate. The malabsorption was less obvious when cornstarch was substituted for sucrose. In this case virginiamycin had only a limited effect on growth and on feed conversion. The present investigations suggest that antibiotics stimulate growth of chicks by their antibacterial action against Gram-positive microorganisms which interfere with the absorption of nutrients. Furthermore, the growth-promoting effect seems to be most pronounced during a limited period of a few days around the 8th day of life.
Submicrometer 3D Structural Evidence of Fuel Cell Membrane Heterogeneous Degradation (2014)

Polymer membranes used in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology are subject to severe chemical and physical degradations during operation. A microscopic diagnosis of the effects of aging on the microstructure of benchmark perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes is crucial to developing long-lasting devices. We report here the first μSAXS study of membranes aged for 2500 h in a stack. SAXS spectra recorded with submicrometer resolution in-plane and along the membrane thickness provide a 3D mapping of the aging effect. Nanoscale heterogeneities are evidenced and found to depend on the membrane position relative to the electrodes, to the air inlets, and proximity to channels (distributing gas) or ribs (collecting the current). Long-term aging in a fuel cell operating in stationary conditions around 65 °C results in a small voltage degradation rate of 13 μV/h, without any evidence of membrane failure, but to an irreversible over-swelling of the membrane due to polymer relaxation. Regions under the gas distribution channels close to the air inlet are profoundly degraded due to an increased water gradient concentration from the cathode to the anode. These observations provide a novel and unique insight for developing new strategies toward the design of more durable polymers inserted in smart fuel cells.
Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐(3‐[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropyl)‐2<i>β</i>‐carbomethoxy‐3<i>β</i>‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane ([<sup>18</sup>F]FP‐<i>β</i>‐CIT) (2006)

Abstract N ‐(3‐[ 18 F]fluoropropyl)‐2 β ‐carbomethoxy‐3 β ‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane ([ 18 F]FP‐ β ‐CIT) was synthesized in a two‐step reaction sequence. In the first reaction, 1‐bromo‐3‐(nitrobenzene‐4‐sulfonyloxy)‐propane was fluorinated with no‐carrier‐added fluorine‐18. The resulting product, 1‐bromo‐3‐[ 18 F]‐fluoropropane, was distilled into a cooled reaction vessel containing 2 β ‐carbomethoxy‐3 β ‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐nortropane, diisopropylethylamine and potassium iodide. After 30 min, the reaction mixture was subjected to a preparative HPLC purification. The product, [ 18 F]FP‐ β ‐CIT, was isolated from the HPLC eluent with solid‐phase extraction and formulated to yield an isotonic, pyrogen‐free and sterile solution of [ 18 F]FP‐ β ‐CIT. The overall decay‐corrected radiochemical yield was 25 ± 5%. Radiochemical purity was > 98% and the specific activity was 94 ± 50 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmU) (2013)

Peptidoglycan is an essential component of the cell wall of bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that provides structural strength and rigidity to enable internal osmotic pressure to be withstood. The first committed step in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan involves the formation of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) from uridine triphosphate (UTP) and GlcNAc-1-phosphate. This reaction is catalysed by N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmU), a bifunctional enzyme with two independent active sites that possess acetyltransferase and uridyltransferase activities. Herein, we report the first inhibition study targeted against the uridyltransferase activity of M. tuberculosis GlmU. A number of potential inhibitors were initially prepared leading to the discovery of active aminoquinazoline-based compounds. The most potent inhibitor in this series exhibited an IC50 of 74 μM against GlmU uridyltransferase activity and serves as a promising starting point for the discovery of more potent inhibitors.
Methods for Culturing Anaerobes from Human Specimen (2018)

Anaerobes represent the dominating population in the human gut microbiota and play a key role in gut homeostasis. In addition, several anaerobes are now considered as probiotics and they remain essential to several processes in the field of biotechnology. With the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in routine laboratories, anaerobes are no longer neglected in clinical microbiology, as their identification is made easy. However, the isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria, remains time consuming, fastidious and costly. Various strategies have been developed, from sampling to culturing human specimens, which will be discussed in this paper. Also, particular attention is paid to isolating species with special medical importance, as for contribution to the field of culturomics.