gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S100 immunophenotypes of uveal melanomas. (1990)

To determine whether ocular melanomas are immunophenotypically identical to cutaneous melanomas, 34 primary and metastatic choroidal melanomas representing all major histotypes defined by the Callender's classification, plus one melanoma of the iris and one conjunctival melanoma, were subjected to a panel of immunostains designed to distinguish anaplastic biopsies of cutaneous melanomas from carcinomas and lymphomas. All ocular melanomas were found to express the intermediate filament vimentin but not keratin, and all but 2 were melanotic by immunostaining. Thirty-three of 34 (97%) choroidal melanomas were strongly stained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody (P-S100) developed against the S100 protein family. In contrast, none of 14 spindle cell type primary lesions was stained with a monoclonal antibody (MAB-079) specific for both S100 alpha and S100 beta, the best-characterized S100 polypeptides. Furthermore, only 2 of 5 epithelioid and 3 of 10 mixed-cell-type melanomas were weakly reactive. Overall, 14.7% (5 of 29) were stained. In comparison, MAB079 stained 85% of all cutaneous melanomas. Five metastases of choroidal melanomas (spindle B, epithelioid, and mixed cell types) from different organ sites also were stained by P-S100 but not by MAB079. These findings were corroborated by immunostaining with another monoclonal antibody (MAB4D4) specific for S100 beta. Differential staining by the polyclonal but not the monoclonal antibodies suggests the possible presence of a variant S100 polypeptide(s) in choroidal melanomas. Since S100 alpha, S100 beta, and related proteins appear to be physiologically important, additional studies of these S100 proteins may shed light on the etiology or pathology of choroidal melanomas.
Design of a high-efficiency volume grating coupler for line focusing (1998)

A volume grating for outcoupling and line focusing of waveguided infrared light is designed and optimized. A local grating vector approach is used in combination with the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. By design, this volume grating coupler is holographically constructed on top of a waveguide by the interference of two coherent 364-nm ultraviolet waves formed with two aberration-optimized cylindrical lenses. This focusing coupler exhibits preferential-order coupling (92.9%) into the cover as well as very low focal intensity side lobes. This is accomplished through a chirped, slanted-fringe volume grating with a designed spatial variation in the attenuation coefficient (describing the outcoupling of the guided mode) along the length of the grating. This is achieved by a specific variation in the grating slant angle along the grating length. By design, the 1000-mum-length coupler focuses an 850-nm infrared guided wave to a line with an intensity FWHM of 3.32 mum and a 90% power width of 5.53 mum at a focal distance of 4 mm directly above the grating. Its performance is compared with that of a corresponding electron-beam-written surface-relief coupler design.
Application of Chromatography. XXI (1954)

One of the active components of Cruculon (Takeda), a curcuma preparation, is said to be ferulic acid and its quantitative determination has already been reported. Having observed that the vanillic acid present as a contaminant in the ferulic acid hinders the colorimetric determination of the latter the separation of both compounds by paper chromatography was carried out and the separated ferulic acid was colorimetrically determined by diazotized sulfanilic acid solution. So far as the authors' experiments are concerned, the most suitable developing solvent for the paper chromatographic separation is 2.5% aqueous solution of boric acid.
Tackling 3D ToF Artifacts Through Learning and the FLAT Dataset (2018)

Scene motion, multiple reflections, and sensor noise introduce artifacts in the depth reconstruction performed by time-of-flight cameras. We propose a two-stage, deep-learning approach to address all of these sources of artifacts simultaneously. We also introduce FLAT, a synthetic dataset of 2000 ToF measurements that capture all of these nonidealities, and allows to simulate different camera hardware. Using the Kinect 2 camera as a baseline, we show improved reconstruction errors over state-of-the-art methods, on both simulated and real data.
Dissociable Neural Activations of Conscious Visibility and Attention (2011)

Recent neuroimaging evidence indicates that visual consciousness of objects is reflected by the activation in the lateral occipital cortex as well as in the frontal and parietal cortex. However, most previous studies used behavioral paradigms in which attention raised or enhanced visual consciousness (visibility or recognition performance). This co-occurrence made it difficult to reveal whether an observed cortical activation is related to visual consciousness or attention. The present fMRI study investigated the dissociability of neural activations underlying these two cognitive phenomena. Toward this aim, we used a visual backward masking paradigm in which directing attention could either enhance or reduce the object visibility. The participants' task was to report the level of subjective visibility for a briefly presented target object. The target was presented in the center with four flankers, which was followed by the same number of masks. Behavioral results showed that attention to the flankers enhanced the target visibility, whereas attention to the masks attenuated it. The fMRI results showed that the occipito-temporal sulcus increased activation in the attend flankers condition compared with the attend masks condition, and occipito-temporal sulcus activation levels positively correlated with the target visibility in both attentional conditions. On the other hand, the inferior frontal gyrus and the intraparietal sulcus increased activation in both the attend flankers and attend masks compared with an attend neither condition, and these activation levels were independent of target visibility. Taken together, present results showed a clear dissociation in neural activities between conscious visibility and attention.
Effect of Initial Posture on Biomechanical Adjustments Associated with a Voluntary Leg Movement in Rock Climbers (1996)

This study compares the biomechanical adjustments following a leg displacement in vertical and horizontal position on expert rock climbers. The results show a non-diagonal pattern in the vertical condition and a diagonal one in the horizontal condition. A multi-link analysis shows that the non-diagonal pattern displayed by expert climbers in the vertical condition resulted in a new distribution of body weight to preserve the possibility of moving any limb from the three legged stance. Conversely, in the horizontal condition, the diagonal pattern appears to be strongly dominated by mechanical and anthropometric factors.
Linkage analysis of families with fragile-X mental retardation, using a novel RFLP marker (DXS 304). (1989)

A new polymorphic DNA marker U6.2, defining the locus DXS304, was recently isolated and mapped to the Xq27 region of the X chromosome. In the previous communication we describe a linkage study encompassing 16 fragile-X families and using U6.2 and five previously described polymorphic markers at Xq26-q28. One recombination event was observed between DXS304 and the fragile-X locus in 36 informative meioses. Combined with information from other reports, our results suggest the following order of the examined loci on Xq: cen-F9-DXS105-DXS98-FRAXA-DXS304-(DXS52-F8 -DXS15). The locus DXS304 is closely linked to FRAXA, giving a peak lod score of 5.86 at a corresponding recombination fraction of .00. On the basis of the present results, it is apparent that U6.2 is a useful probe for carrier and prenatal diagnosis in fragile-X families.
<title>Digital holography: diffractive optics on the basis of scalar diffraction theory</title> (1993)

The use of scalar diffraction theory is the basis of a fundamental part of diffractive optics. We prefer to call this part digital holography. The consideration of different parts of diffractive optics on the basis of the diffraction theory seems to be a useful criterion to discuss fundamental characteristics of diffractive elements. In digital holography a coding theory has been developed. The theory itself and its consequences are briefly described.
A Method to Determine the Transfer of Mycotoxins from Materials to Air (2008)

Abstract The aim of this work was to propose a new methodological approach to enable the measurement of three airborne mycotoxins and thus determine directly the rate of production and physical characteristics of these aerosols. A method enabling the measurement of three major mycotoxins in indoor air (sterigmatocystin (ST), deoxynivalenol (DON), and ochratoxin A (OA)) was thus optimized. This assay method was able to identify and quantify these mycotoxins at respective concentrations of 30 μg/L ( n = 30, σ/ m = 3.9%), 20 μg/L ( n = 10, σ/ m = 5.5%), and 20 μg/L ( n = 10, σ/ m = 7.6%). Using this analytical technique and a rotary cup collection system validated elsewhere, measurement of the concentrations of three airborne mycotoxins was made possible with a theoretical limit of quantification (LOQ) of 60 pg/m 3 of air. Study of the transfer of mycotoxins from a substrate to the air made it possible to demonstrate, firstly, that the quantity of aerosolized mycotoxins was not proportional to that present on the moldy materials, and secondly that mycotoxins can be transported by aerosols in the alveolar fraction. We determined, under these conditions, a rate of production of ST aerosols.
NCI-sponsored phase II study of [<sup>18</sup>f]fluoroestradiol (FES) as a marker of hormone sensitivity of metastatic breast cancer: Initial results. (2011)

e11104 Background: Molecular imaging of regional ER expression in breast cancer by FES PET has been shown to indentify patients with low or absent uptake who are unlikely to respond to endocrine therapy in the salvage endocrine setting. We now report early results from a Phase II study of FES PET for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer (MBC) conducted as part of the NCI Cancer Program Phase I/II Imaging Program and under an NCI IND. Methods: FES PET imaging was performed in 18 patients with newly diagnosed MBC arising from a documented ER+ primary tumor, prior to planned endocrine therapy. Patients also underwent FDG PET/CT to identify active areas of disease and to direct analysis of the FES PET images. Our primary endpoint for the early analysis was the fraction of patients with low or absent FES uptake, identified as one or more sites of qualitatively absent FES uptake or average FES SUV < 1.5, shown to be predictors of a lack of endocrine therapy response from prior work. We also secondarily compared FES uptake to either a metastatic lesion biopsy when obtained, clinical response to therapy in evaluable patients, or both. Results: There were no FES-related adverse events for the patients studied to date. 5/18 (28%) patients had one or more sites of qualitatively absent uptake; the same 5/18 had average SUV < 1.5. This is similar to the fraction seen in the salvage setting. Of the 5 patients with low or absent uptake, 3/5 had a metastatic biopsy that was ER-. One patient had a weakly ER+ metastatic biopsy, but had progressive disease with endocrine therapy. The other patient with a negative FES PET had a weakly ER positive biopsy but was not evaluable for clinical response; the biopsy was from the liver, a site that is not evaluable by FES PET due to normal liver metabolism. Conclusions: We conclude that early results support the potential utility of FES PET to measure regional ER expression in patients with newly diagnosed MBC and identify patients unlikely to respond to endocrine therapy.
Interaction of the 82-kDa subunit of the vaccinia virus early transcription factor heterodimer with the promoter core sequence directs downstream DNA binding of the 70-kDa subunit. (1996)

The vaccinia virus early transcription factor (VETF), a heterodimeric protein composed of 82- and 70-kDa subunits, interacts with viral early promoters at both a sequence-specific core region upstream and a sequence-independent region downstream of the RNA start site. To determine the VETF subunit-promoter interactions, 32P-labeled DNA targets were chemically synthesized with uniquely positioned phosphorothioates to which azidophenacyl bromide moieties were coupled. After incubating the derivatized promoter with VETF and exposing the complex to 302-nm light, the protein was denatured and the individual subunits with or without covalently bound DNA were isolated with specific antiserum and analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using a set of 26 duplex probes, with uniquely positioned aryl azide moieties on the coding or template strands, we found that the 82-kDa subunit interacted primarily with the core region of the promoter, whereas the 70-kDa subunit interacted with the downstream region. Nucleotide substitutions in the core region that downregulate transcription affected the binding of both subunits: the 82-kDa subunit no longer exhibited specificity for upstream regions of the promoter but also bound to downstream regions, whereas the binding of the 70-kDa subunit was abolished even though the mutations were far upstream of its binding site. These results suggested mechanisms by which the interaction of the 82-kDa subunit with the core sequence directs binding of the 70-kDa subunit to DNA downstream.
Kinetic Decomposition of a La<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4+δ</sub>Membrane under an Oxygen Potential Gradient (2012)

A dense ceramic La2NiO4+δ membrane was annealed under an oxygen potential difference between flowing O2 and Ar at 1000°C for 800 h. The membrane was afterwards analyzed by means of SEM, EPMA, XPS and XRD. SEM and XPS analyses showed that NiO was segregated and randomly spread as new decomposition phase on the high pO2 side. Pores had formed on the low pO2 side without detectable phase change. The critical to initialize the decomposition of the LNO membrane was derived and expressed by kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Based on the calculated critical and the observed experimental results, the ratio of effective diffusivities DLa/DNi in the ceramic material at 1000°C was estimated to be slightly lower than 0.5. The oxygen flux remained mainly constant after an initial decrease during the annealing. Results from this work are in good agreement with our findings on cation diffusivity in La2NiO4+δ material obtained by solid state reaction, chemical tracer diffusion and inter-diffusion.
Traceable pH and ISE measurements in clinical chemistry (Mesuragestraçable de pH et ISE dans la chimie clinique) (2013)

Reliable analysis results are indispensable in clinical chemistry for unambiguous diagnosis. Hence today traceability of the patient measurement to the SI system is established within the scope of a traceability system consisting of a national metrology institute and routine- and reference laboratories.
Diode-End-Pumped, Q-Switched NdrYLF Laser (1992)

A Q-switched Nd: YLF laser pumped by two quasi-cw diode laser bars has been developed. The laser produces 5-mJ, 12-ns pulses at 1.047 µm, and has been frequency doubled and quadrupled to 1.5 mJ and 0.35 mJ, respectively. Repetition rates of 500 Hz will be attainable when driven by 20% duty factor diode laser bars.
Control of diesel engines using NO<sub>x</sub>-emission feedback (2012)

Variations of engine-out emissions due to ageing, component drift or production tolerances pose serious problems to meet legislative restrictions on exhaust tailpipe pollutant emissions. This paper addresses feedback of the raw emissions for improved control of diesel engines. A discussion of issues regarding the inclusion of raw-emission feedback into the engine control structure is provided, and a novel control structure for combined feedback control of the air-path variables boost pressure and exhaust gas recirculation rate and of the NO x emissions is presented. The proposed control structure basically consists of an optimal linear output feedback controller and a setpoint-adaption loop on the exhaust gas recirculation rate. With this approach, a simple control structure is available requiring a marginal calibration effort to meet desired NO x -emission values. Unfavourable injection timing in connection with NO x control is minimized by adapting the exhaust gas recirculation rate setpoint. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated by experimental results.
Programmable Positioner For Spot Welding (1989)

Welding station mechanized by installing preset indexing system and gear drive. Mechanism includes a low-cost, versatile, single-axis motion control and motor drive to provide fully-automatic weld sequencing and spot-to-spot spacing. Welding station relieves operator of some difficult, tedious tasks and increases both productivity and quality of welds. Results in welds of higher quality and greater accuracy, fewer weld defects, and faster welding operation.
Speckle masking in astronomy: triple correlation theory and applications (1983)

Due to the turbulent atmosphere the resolution of conventional astrophotography is limited to ∼1 sec of arc. However, the speckle-masking method can yield diffraction-limited resolution, i.e., 0.03 sec of arc with a 3.6-m telescope. Speckle masking yields true images of general astronomical objects. No point source is required in the isoplanatic field of the object. We present the theory of speckle masking; it makes use of triple correlations and their Fourier counterparts, the bispectra. We show algorithms for the recovery of the object from genuine astronomical bispectra data.
Impact of Dendritic Cells on Vascular Biology (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a key component of the immune system which are capable of sampling antigen and present them to immune effector cells. By modulating the degree and quality of response of these effector cells, DCs represent a decisive element at the earliest phases of any given immune reaction. Recently, the presence of a vascular associated DC system has been described within the vascular wall, more precisely, in the intima and adventitia. These DCs exert important (patho-) physiological functions. For instance, DCs are functional at early stages of atherosclerosis and they contribute to atheroprogression and plaque destabilization. Furthermore, DCs are involved in other inflammatory vascular diseases such as giant cell arteriitis and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. This review describes recent advances in the physiology and pathophysiology of dendritic cells associated with the vascular wall. Keywords: Endothelium, dendritic cells, atherosclerosis, inflammation
An Overview of the Mobile Profiler System: Preliminary Results from Field Tests during the Los Angeles Free-Radical Study (1995)

The System Demonstration and Integration Division of the Environmental Technology Laboratory and the Battlefield Environment Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory have designed and built the Mobile Profiler System (MPS). The MPS is an integrated system of ground-based and satellite-borne remote sensors that measure nearly continuous wind and temperature profiles from the surface up through the troposphere. Ground-based sensors include a 924-MHz phased-array wind and temperature profiler, a four-channel microwave radiometer, a surface meteorological tower, and a balloon sounding system. Although MPS was initially developed for military applications, the nonmilitary environmental applications are numerous and significant. This paper provides an overview of the instrumentation, software networking, data processing, data integration, and near real-time-data display capabilities currently incorporated into the MPS. Initial results from the first field tests (Los Angeles Free-Radical Study, 3–24 September 1993) demonstrate the ability of MPS to observe the complex meteorological structures associated with high-pollution events within the Los Angeles Basin.
Koregistrierung von Elektroenzephalographie und Kernspintomographie mittels des optischen Sensorprinzips “Flying Triangulation” (2012)

Ziele: In diesem Beitrag werden funktionelle Daten der Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) mit anatomischen Daten der Kernspintomographie (MRT) eines Patienten koregistriert, um epileptische Netzwerke zu lokalisieren. Diese Information kann dann sowohl präoperativ für die Planung eines epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriffs, wie auch intraoperativ im Rahmen der Neuronavigation eingesetzt werden. Methode: Bisher wird zur Koregistrierung von EEG- und MRT-Daten ein stiftbasierter FASTTRAK-Tracker (Polhemus, USA) eingesetzt. Mit dessen Hilfe werden die Positionen aller EEG-Elektroden relativ zu spezifischen anatomischen Referenzpunkten bestimmt. Die so erhaltenen Positionen werden dann zu von Hand selektierten korrespondierenden Punkten in der MRT registriert. Dies ist mit einem hohen Zeitaufwand und aufgrund der
Indistinguishable patterns of protooncogene expression in two distinct but closely related tumors: Ewing's sarcoma and neuroepithelioma. (1988)

Genetic characterization of human tumors promises new insights of biological importance and clinical relevance. We have found that two solid tumors, peripheral neuroepithelioma and Ewing's sarcoma of bone, which share a common cytogenetic rearrangement, are characterized by an indistinguishable and highly reproducible pattern of protooncogene expression. c-myc, N-myc, c-myb, and c-mil/raf-1 are all expressed at similar levels in these tumors. c-fes and c-sis expression was not detected in any specimens of either tumor. In contrast, the protooncogene c-ets-1, located near the breakpoint of the chromosomal translocation in these tumors, is variable in its expression. We also detected high levels of choline acetyltransferase in these tumors, which suggests a common neural origin. Since it is likely that the clinical behavior and therapeutic responsiveness of tumors relate closely to their biological and genetic features, the pattern of protooncogene expression of individual tumors may provide a novel basis for their characterization.
Experiments in interactive video search by addition and subtraction (2008)

We have developed an interactive video search system that allows the searcher to rapidly assess query results and easily pivot off those results to form new queries. The system is intended to maximize the use of the discriminative power of the human searcher. This is accomplished by providing a hierarchical segmentation, streamlined interface, and redundant visual cues throughout. The typical search scenario includes a single searcher with the ability to search with text and content-based queries. In this paper, we evaluate new variations on our basic search system. In particular we test the system using only visual content-based search capabilities, and using paired searchers in a realtime collaboration. We present analysis and conclusions from these experiments.