gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in skeletal muscle between men and women with chronic heart failure (2001)

Men with chronic heart failure (CHF) have alterations in their skeletal muscle that are partially responsible for a decreased exercise tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle alterations in women with CHF are similar to those observed in men and if these alterations are related to exercise intolerance. Twenty-five men and thirteen women with CHF performed a maximal exercise test for evaluation of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and resting left ventricular ejection fraction, after which a biopsy of the vastus lateralis was performed. Twenty-one normal subjects (11 women, 10 men) were also studied. The relationship between muscle markers and peak VO(2) was consistent for CHF men and women. When controlling for gender, analysis showed that oxidative enzymes and capillary density are the best predictors of peak VO(2.) These results indicate that aerobically matched CHF men and women have no differences in skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology. However, when CHF groups were separated by peak exercise capacity of 4.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), CHF men with peak VO(2) >4.5 METs had increased citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase compared with CHF men with peak VO(2) <4.5 METs. CHF men with a lower peak VO(2) had increased capillary density compared with men with higher peak VO(2). These observations were not reproduced in CHF women. This suggests that differences may exist in how skeletal muscle adapts to decreasing peak VO(2) in patients with CHF.
Detecting support-reducing bound sets using two-cofactor symmetries (2005)

Detecting support-reducing bound sets is an important step in Boolean decomposition. It affects both the quality and the runtime of several applications in technology mapping and re-synthesis. This paper presents an efficient heuristic method for detecting support-reducing bound sets using two-cofactor symmetries. Experiments on the MCNC and ITC benchmarks show an average 40/spl times/ speedup over the published exhaustive method for bound set construction.
Production of magnesium by vacuum carbothermic reduction of calcinated dolomite (1990)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Scalable Inference for Neuronal Connectivity from Calcium Imaging (2014)

Fluorescent calcium imaging provides a potentially powerful tool for inferring connectivity in neural circuits with up to thousands of neurons. However, a key challenge in using calcium imaging for connectivity detection is that current systems often have a temporal response and frame rate that can be orders of magnitude slower than the underlying neural spiking process. Bayesian inference methods based on expectation-maximization (EM) have been proposed to overcome these limitations, but are often computationally demanding since the E-step in the EM procedure typically involves state estimation for a high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system. In this work, we propose a computationally fast method for the state estimation based on a hybrid of loopy belief propagation and approximate message passing (AMP). The key insight is that a neural system as viewed through calcium imaging can be factorized into simple scalar dynamical systems for each neuron with linear interconnections between the neurons. Using the structure, the updates in the proposed hybrid AMP methodology can be computed by a set of one-dimensional state estimation procedures and linear transforms with the connectivity matrix. This yields a computationally scalable method for inferring connectivity of large neural circuits. Simulations of the method on realistic neural networks demonstrate good accuracy with computation times that are potentially significantly faster than current approaches based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.
High Field Transport of Hot Electrons in Strained Si/SiGe Heterostructure (1993)

Monte Carlo simulation of two-dimensional electron gas in strained Si/SiGe heterostructures has been carried out to investigate the high electric field transport phenomena. In the Monte Carlo simulation we take into account the intervalley scattering due to the f-type phonons between twofold and fourfold valleys of Si well layer split by the tensile strain in addition to the g-phonon scattering. We obtained the electron drift velocity at room temperature of as high as 1×107 cm/s at 10 kV/cm. Calculated results at 4.2 and 77 K show negative differential mobility beyond 10 kV/cm. At 77 K, transient response of the drift velocity shows a marked overshoot reaching about 3×107 cm/s at 0.2 ps and 10 kV/cm. Ohmic mobility calculated using self-consistent wave functions is also demonstrated. Results are given for the strained Si well width of 10 nm. Obtained low field electron mobility at high temperatures shows a good agreement with the experimental results reported so far.
Only Therapeutic ICOS:ICOSL Blockade Alleviates Acute Graft versus Host Disease (2009)

Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) interaction with its ligand (ICOSL) is involved in several T cell effector functions. While blockade of ICOS:ICOSL interaction in chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) seems beneficial, results for acute GVHD remain controversial. To further elucidate its role in acute GVHD, C57BL/6 mice were reconstituted with allogeneic spleen cells in the absence or presence of ICOSL-blocking mAb. Mice reconstituted with allogeneic spleen cells experienced severe GVHD and died untreated within 6-9 days after transplantation. Mice treated with an anti-ICOSL mAb starting from day 3 after transplantation gained weight again and survived for at least additional 12 days, although the treatment was already stopped at day 11 after transplantation. In contrast, the anti-ICOSL treatment starting from day 0 did not prevent GVHD. The difference between therapeutic (day 3) and prophylactic (day 0) anti-ICOSL treatment was independent of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells since their depletion did not abrogate the therapeutic effect of ICOSL blockade. Microarray analysis revealed IFN-gamma and chemokine up-regulation in spleen cells of prophylactically treated mice, emphasizing kinetic dependence of acute GVHD modulation via blockade of ICOS:ICOSL interaction.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–4·4 wt-%Mg alloy (AA5182) after equal channel angular pressing (2005)

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been used to process an Al-4-4 wt-%Mg alloy (AA5182) at room temperature (RT), 200°C and 400°C. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties after ECAP has been studied by metallographic observation, EBSD analysis and compression testing. The results show that ECAP at room temperature yields high strength but poor ductility. Severe shear bands and a substructure consisting mainly of low angle boundaries have been observed. After 2-3 ECAP passes severe macrocracks appear. During ECAP at 400°C, discontinuous recrystallisation occurs and the fraction of recrystallised grains tends to increase with strain. The compressive strength (at RT) after ECAP at 400°C is low and remains constant with increasing number of ECA pressings. During ECAP at 200°C there is no evidence of discontinuous recrystallisation. The microstructure consists of a cellular structure with a mixture of low and high angle boundaries, which produces a good combination of strength and work hardening.
Systematic Survey of the Design, Statistical Analysis, and Reporting of Studies Published in the 2008 Volume of the <i>Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism</i> (2010)

Translating experimental findings into clinically effective therapies is one of the major bottlenecks of modern medicine. As this has been particularly true for cerebrovascular research, attention has turned to the quality and validity of experimental cerebrovascular studies. We set out to assess the study design, statistical analyses, and reporting of cerebrovascular research. We assessed all original articles published in the Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism during the year 2008 against a checklist designed to capture the key attributes relating to study design, statistical analyses, and reporting. A total of 156 original publications were included (animal, in vitro, human). Few studies reported a primary research hypothesis, statement of purpose, or measures to safeguard internal validity (such as randomization, blinding, exclusion or inclusion criteria). Many studies lacked sufficient information regarding methods and results to form a reasonable judgment about their validity. In nearly 20% of studies, statistical tests were either not appropriate or information to allow assessment of appropriateness was lacking. This study identifies a number of factors that should be addressed if the quality of research in basic and translational biomedicine is to be improved. We support the widespread implementation of the ARRIVE (Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments) statement for the reporting of experimental studies in biomedicine, for improving training in proper study design and analysis, and that reviewers and editors adopt a more constructively critical approach in the assessment of manuscripts for publication.
Syn and Anti Isomers of [2.2]Paracyclonaphthane (1995)

The structures of the anti (1) and syn (2) isomers of [2.2]paracyclonaphthane, C 24 H 20 , can be understood in terms of molecules composed of four segments, two naphthalene rings and two ethylene groups bridging the naphthalene rings. Distortions from ideal geometries are described and attributed primarily to intramolecular effects. Several observations have been made: the bridged portion of the naphthalene ring is deformed into a boat shape in both (1) and (2); much of the π-π repulsion is taken up by bending angles α and β; the naphthalene rings are parallel to each other in (1), but are nonparallel in (2); one naphthalene ring in (2) is twisted relative to the other, indicating a mode of strain reduction which is unique to this molecule, and the C-C distances and valency angles in the ethylene bridges are larger than normal values
Design of Tramadol Hcl Fast Dissolving Tablets Using Dbp (2014)

The aim of the present work is to design and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of Tramadol Hydrochloride using dehydrated banana powder a natural excipient as binder, diluent and disintegrant.( a patient friendly dosage form) 1)To prepare a stable and robust formulation of fast dissolving tablets of Tramadol Hydrochloride 2)To carryout dissolution studies of various products prepared. The DBP is “cost effective” than the other commonly used excipients to achieve the said versatile property. Moreover, banana powder is a “Natural excipient” with nutritional supplement which normally do not have any toxic to the consumers that to in less quantity (less than100mg/Tablet). Thus, DBP could alone be used as a natural binder, diluent and disintegrant in the formulation and development of Patient friendly and fast dissolving dosage forms.
Lenalidomide and CC-4047 Inhibit the Proliferation of Malignant B Cells while Expanding Normal CD34+ Progenitor Cells (2007)

Clinical studies involving patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or multiple myeloma have shown the efficacy of lenalidomide by reducing and often eliminating malignant cells while restoring the bone marrow function. To better understand these clinical observations, we investigated and compared the effects of lenalidomide and a structurally related analogue, CC-4047, on the proliferation of two different human hematopoietic cell models: the Namalwa cancer cell line and normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Both compounds had antiproliferative effects on Namalwa cells and pro-proliferative effects on CD34+ cells, whereas p21WAF-1 expression was up-regulated in both cell types. In Namalwa cells, the up-regulation of p21WAF-1 correlated well with the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, and CDK6 activity leading to pRb hypophosphorylation and cell cycle arrest, whereas in CD34+ progenitor cells the increase of p21WAF-1 did not inhibit proliferation. Similarly, antiproliferation results were observed in two B lymphoma cell lines (LP-1 and U266) but interestingly not in normal B cells where a protection of apoptosis was found. Finally, CC-4047 and lenalidomide had synergistic effects with valproic acid [a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor] by increasing the apoptosis of Namalwa cells and enhancing CD34+ cell expansion. Our results indicate that lenalidomide and CC-4047 have opposite effects in tumor cells versus normal cells and could explain, at least in part, the reduction of malignant cells and the restoration of bone marrow observed in patients undergoing lenalidomide treatment. Moreover, this study provides new insights on the cellular pathways affected by lenalidomide and CC-4047, proposes new potential clinical uses, such as bone marrow regeneration, and suggests that the combination of lenalidomide or CC-4047 with certain HDAC inhibitors may elevate the therapeutic index in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Skeletal Muscle Lipid Content and Insulin Resistance: Evidence for a Paradox in Endurance-Trained Athletes (2001)

We examined the hypothesis that an excess accumulation of intramuscular lipid (IMCL) is associated with insulin resistance and that this may be mediated by the oxidative capacity of muscle. Nine sedentary lean (L) and 11 obese (O) subjects, 8 obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (D), and 9 lean, exercise-trained (T) subjects volunteered for this study. Insulin sensitivity (M) determined during a hyperinsulinemic (40 mU x m(-2)min(-1)) euglycemic clamp was greater (P < 0.01) in L and T, compared with O and D (9.45 +/- 0.59 and 10.26 +/- 0.78 vs. 5.51 +/- 0.61 and 1.15 +/- 0.83 mg x min(-1)kg fat free mass(-1), respectively). IMCL in percutaneous vastus lateralis biopsy specimens by quantitative image analysis of Oil Red O staining was approximately 2-fold higher in D than in L (3.04 +/- 0.39 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.28% area as lipid; P < 0.01). IMCL was also higher in T (2.36 +/- 0.37), compared with L (P < 0.01). The oxidative capacity of muscle determined with succinate dehydrogenase staining of muscle fibers was higher in T, compared with L, O, and D (50.0 +/- 4.4, 36.1 +/- 4.4, 29.7 +/- 3.8, and 33.4 +/- 4.7 optical density units, respectively; P < 0.01). IMCL was negatively associated with M (r = -0.57, P < 0.05) when endurance-trained subjects were excluded from the analysis, and this association was independent of body mass index. However, the relationship between IMCL and M was not significant when trained individuals were included. There was a positive association between the oxidative capacity and M among nondiabetics (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). In summary, skeletal muscle of trained endurance athletes is markedly insulin sensitive and has a high oxidative capacity, despite having an elevated lipid content. In conclusion, the capacity for lipid oxidation may be an important mediator of the association between excess muscle lipid accumulation and insulin resistance.
The small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Irritable bowel syndrome hypothesis: implications for treatment (2008)

Traditionally, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been characterised by symptoms of diarrhoea, bloating and sometimes signs of malabsorption. It has been defined as >105 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml of bacteria in aspirates obtained from the small intestine.1 This condition has typically been diagnosed in patients with readily identifiable alterations in small bowel function which predispose patients to SIBO (eg, resected ileocaecal valve, small intestinal hypomotility and possibly hypochlorhydria). Recently, however, this clinical paradigm has been challenged by new theories about the aetiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and has led to renewed scrutiny of the tests employed to diagnose this condition and controversy concerning the use of antibiotics to treat IBS for suspected SIBO.

The proposal that SIBO accounts for the symptoms of IBS2 3 is a novel and interesting hypothesis, given the rapidly growing evidence that luminal bacteria have previously unrecognised actions on multiple intestinal functions.4 While it has long been recognised that increased numbers of luminal bacteria in the small intestine disrupt digestion and absorption, it is now clear that they have other important actions, such as immune activation4 5 Immune-mediated cytokines could have multiple actions including altered epithelial secretion, exaggerated nociceptive signalling and abnormal motility.4 Together, these changes could lead to symptoms which meet the criteria for IBS. It has also been proposed that this mechanism could account for overlap syndromes, such as fibromyalgia.6

The publication of Pimentel and colleagues in 20007 played a pivotal role in establishing the concept that SIBO is a major pathogenic mechanism underlying IBS. Two major tenets emerged from this study: (1) based on the results of the lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT), the large majority of patients with IBS have SIBO, and (2) when SIBO is eradicated with antibiotics based on the findings …
Carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and silver acetate (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and silver acetateTetsuo Tsuda, Yo Isegawa, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 17, 2670–2672Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00982a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00982a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views541Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Uniparabolic mirror grading for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1996)

We report details of mirror grading profiles for high efficiency vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. The mirrors provide low vertical resistance in conjunction with improvements in optical reflectivity, thermal conductivity, and lateral electrical conductivity in comparison to earlier grading profiles. The enhancement of these properties is verified by a comparison of thermal resistance and total electrical resistance for lasers of varying size.
Copper Binding by Proteins in Alkaline Solution (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper Binding by Proteins in Alkaline SolutionR. D. Strickland, M. L. Freeman, and F. T. GuruleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 4, 545–552Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60172a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60172a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Further Studies on Glucosamine 6-Phosphate Synthesis by Rat Liver Enzymes (1960)

In a previous communication (l), we described a soluble enzyme system from rat liver extracts which catalyzed the following reaction: n-Glucose g-phosphate or n-Fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine + n-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
Low-dose CT for the spatial normalization of PET images: A validation procedure for amyloid-PET semi-quantification (2018)

The reference standard for spatial normalization of brain positron emission tomography (PET) images involves structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. However, the lack of such structural information is fairly common in clinical settings. This might lead to lack of proper image quantification and to evaluation based only on visual ratings, which does not allow research studies or clinical trials based on quantification. PET/CT systems are widely available and CT normalization procedures need to be explored. Here we describe and validate a procedure for the spatial normalization of PET images based on the low-dose Computed Tomography (CT) images contextually acquired for attenuation correction in PET/CT systems. We included <i>N</i> = 34 subjects, spanning from cognitively normal to mild cognitive impairment and dementia, who underwent amyloid-PET/CT (<sup>18</sup>F-Florbetaben) and structural MRI scans. The proposed pipeline is based on the SPM12 unified segmentation algorithm applied to low-dose CT images. The validation of the normalization pipeline focused on 1) statistical comparisons between regional and global <sup>18</sup>F-Florbetaben-PET/CT standardized uptake value ratios (SUVrs) estimated from both CT-based and MRI-based normalized PET images (SUVr<sub>CT,</sub> SUVr<sub>MRI</sub>) and 2) estimation of the degrees of overlap between warped gray matter (GM) segmented maps derived from CT- and MRI-based spatial transformations. We found negligible deviations between regional and global SUVrs in the two CT and MRI-based methods. SUVr<sub>CT</sub> and SUVr<sub>MRI</sub> global uptake scores showed negligible differences (mean ± sd 0.01 ± 0.03). Notably, the CT- and MRI-based warped GM maps showed excellent overlap (90% within 1 mm). The proposed analysis pipeline, based on low-dose CT images, allows accurate spatial normalization and subsequent PET image quantification. A CT-based analytical pipeline could benefit both research and clinical practice, allowing the recruitment of larger samples and favoring clinical routine analysis.
On Some Open Questions in Statistical Decision Theory (1968)

The concept of decision ranges from predetermined actions, e.g. reflexes or instinctive actions, to chaotic decisions in entirely open situations. Both extremes are excluded from our considerations. We shall deal only with those decisions which terminate a conflict. The person involved in the conflict is the decision-maker, an idealized figure assumed to be equipped with unlimited logical faculties and computational capacity.