gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Activity from Asymmetric Transition Metal Atoms (1971)

Abstract The preparation and resolution of asymmetric organometallic compounds of the transition series with four different ligands on the metal atom are described. Some of the optically active complexes retain their configuration, while others undergo racemization in solution. Their properties and reactions are discussed. Centers of asymmetry at transition metal atoms can also be detected on the basis of the magnetic nonequivalence of diastereotopic groups. Information about the configurational stability of such compounds can be obtained by investigation of the temperature dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
On the impact of the regulatory frontal crash test speed on optimal vehicle design and road traffic injuries (2013)

Many countries have instituted New Car Assessment Programs (NCAPs) to help consumers compare the crashworthiness of automobiles on the market. These typically involve four or fi ve standardised tests, for which each new vehicle is rated on a 5-star scale. The ratings are available to customers and so, automakers strive for high scores by optimising their vehicle designs to the scenarios represented by the tests. The United States NCAP rates vehicles for frontal crashworthiness with a 56-kilometreper- hour (35-mile-per-hour) full-engagement barrier collision, which is a relatively severe test, considering that over 98% of crashes on US roadways occur at slower speeds. This paper presents a methodology for understanding the impact of the NCAP crash test speed on vehicle design and the consequent on-road safety outcomes, using physics-based simulations and optimisation tools. The results suggest that lowering the test speed from the current level to 48 kilometres per hour (30 miles per hour) may decrease the rates of serious injuries to vehicle occupants in the US by up to 21%.
Development of a dynamic triaxial Kolsky bar (2010)

We present a confined Kolsky bar device capable of applying hydrostatic confining pressures and dynamic axial shear loads to right-circular cylindrical samples. The conventional Kolsky bar apparatus is modified by adding a high-pressure hydraulic chamber capable of applying radial confining pressures up to 400 MPa to the test specimen. An additional pressure chamber is added to the free end of the transmission bar and applies the axial portion of the hydrostatic pressure to the specimen. Once confinement is achieved, a striker bar impacts the incident bar to apply a dynamic, axial shear load to the test specimen. Pulse shaping techniques are employed in this device to generate the desired incident pulse necessary to achieve stress equilibrium in the sample and strain the sample at a nearly constant rate. We present data for an Indiana limestone tested at confining pressures up to 200 MPa and strain rates of 400 s−1, and compare results to quasi-static data.
Ueber die europäischen Arten der Gattung Diastata (1864)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Cerebral Hyperemia after Arteriovenous Malformation Resection Is Related to “Breakthrough” Complications but Not to Feeding Artery Pressure (1996)

To study the pathophysiology of idiopathic postoperative brain swelling or hemorrhage after arteriovenous malformation resection, termed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB), we performed cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies during 152 operations in 143 patients, using the xenon-133 intravenous injection method. In the first part of the study, CBF was intraoperatively measured (isoflurane/N2O anesthesia) during relative hypocapnia in 95 patients before and after resection. The NPPB group had a greater increase (P < 0.0001) in mean +/- standard deviation global CBF (28 +/- 6 to 47 +/- 16 ml/100 g/min, n = 5) than did the non-NPPB group (25 +/- 7 to 29 +/- 10 ml/100 g/min, n = 90); both arteriovenous malformation groups showed greater increase (P < 0.05) than did controls undergoing craniotomy for tumor (23 +/- 6 to 23 +/- 6 ml/100 g/min, n = 22). Ipsilateral and contralateral CBF changes were similar. In a second cohort of patients with arteriovenous malformations, CBF was measured at relative normocapnia and it increased (P < 0.002) from pre- to postresection (40 +/- 13 to 49 +/- 15 ml/100 g/min, n = 57). There were no NPPB patients in this latter cohort. The feeding mean arterial pressure was measured intraoperatively before resection or at the last embolization before surgery (n = 64). The feeding mean arterial pressure (44 +/- 16 mm Hg) was 56% of the systemic arterial pressure (78 +/- 12 mm Hg, P < 0.0001) and was not related to changes in CBF from pre- to postresection. There was an association between increases in global CBF from pre- to postresection and NPPB-type complications, but there was no relationship of these CBF changes to preoperative regional arterial hypotension. These data do not support a uniquely hemodynamic mechanism that explains cerebral hyperemia as a consequence of repressurization in hypotensive vascular beds.
Laser Based Rapid Manufacturing of Metallic Gas Diffusion Layers for PEM Fuel Cells (2010)

Gas Diffusion layers (GDL’s) are an essential component of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel cells (PEMFC’s) which aid in thermal & electrical conductivities, water management and act as backup layers for the membrane electrode assemblies. This paper summarizes the effort to prototype metallic GDL designs using a miniature laser deposition system developed at Missouri University of Science & Technology. The pore sizes are controlled by masking the diverging laser beam using stainless steel masks of varying sizes and shapes. The through pore feature and further treatment of the GDL’s for hydrophobicity reduces the water management issue and thereby increases the performance of the fuel cells. The operational characteristics of the GDL can be optimized by understanding the effect of the key parameters like fluid permeability, porosity, hydrophobicity and the surface morphology.
On the Recognitions Capabilities of Modulated Signals in Phase Diagram Domain (2018)

Time-frequency analysis is the natural way of characterization of communication signals. One fundamental parameter of the any-communication signal is the information contained in the amplitude, frequency and /or phase change. This information is usually recovered using a detector based on the matched filter concept. Still, when it comes to the strong disturbed channels, the reference signal can be far from the received (expected) waveforms. Another application field is the communication intelligence (COMINT) when the recognition of communication signals is aimed. Using the concept of phase diagram representation of a signal, coming from the field of nonlinear dynamic systems, we aim to track the signal's parameters, providing a new method for the estimation of the frequency, phase and amplitude evolution in time. The main advantage of this approach is the capability of phase diagram representation to highlight the signal's phase continuity, very useful for an accurate tracking of the communication parameters.
Presentation of the analysis tool for design of onboard reconfigurable antenna for broadband SatCom and broadcast services (2013)

Reconfigurable on-board antenna systems are a potential solution to mitigate the effect of atmospheric fades in broadband SatCom. The on-board power is dynamically shared among the users according to the time and space-varying meteorological conditio
Constituents of Torilis scabra D.C. II. (1985)

Novel five humulenoids were isolated from Torilis scabra D.C. and their structures were determined by chemical reaction and instrumental analysis. The chiroptical method for determining the absolute configuration of allylic alcohols, reported by Harada and Nakanishi, was found to be applicable to eleven-membered-ring humulenoids.
Evaluation of fNIRS Signal Components Elicited by Cognitive and Hypercapnic Stimuli (2021)

Abstract Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements are confounded by signal components originating from multiple physiological causes, whose activities may vary temporally and spatially (across tissue layers, and regions of the cortex). Furthermore, the stimuli can induce evoked effects, which may lead to over or underestimation of the actual effect of interest. Here, we conducted a temporal, spectral, and spatial analysis of fNIRS signals collected during cognitive and hypercapnic stimuli to characterize effects of functional versus systemic responses. We utilized wavelet analysis to discriminate physiological causes and employed long and short source-detector separation (SDS) channels to differentiate tissue layers. Multi-channel measures were analyzed further to distinguish hemispheric differences. The results highlight cardiac, respiratory, myogenic, and very low frequency (VLF) activities within fNIRS signals. Regardless of stimuli, activity within VLF band had the largest contribution to the overall signal. The systemic activities dominated the measurements from the short SDS channels during cognitive stimulus, but not hypercapnic stimulus. Importantly, results indicate that characteristics of fNIRS signals vary with type of the stimuli administered as cognitive stimulus elicited variable responses between hemispheres in VLF band and task-evoked temporal effect in VLF, myogenic and respiratory bands, while hypercapnic stimulus induced a global response across both hemispheres.
Transmission and overseasoning of <i>Diaporthe adunca</i> on <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> (1996)

To obtain a better understanding of the onset and the progress of epidemics caused by Diaporthe adunca on Plantago lanceolata we investigated the role of the asexual phase of the fungus not only in the transmission of the disease from season to season, but also in the spread of the fungus within the same season. Splash dispersal of conidia during rain episodes proved to be an effective method for the spread of the fungus. Conidial production by pycnidia present on scapes left on the ground during winter was delayed in comparison to that of pycnidia produced on greenhouse infected scapes, indicating that the fungus overwinters with immature pycnidia. Latent infections occurred in 8.3% of the seedlings which emerged from seeds originating from infected spikes. A scenario for the transmission and spread of the fungus is proposed.
Improvement of Voc and Jsc in CuInGaSe2 solar cells using a novel sandwiched CuGa/CuInGa/In precursor structure (2012)

In this study, a novel structure using a sandwiched CuGa/CuInGa/In precursor layer is employed for improving the Voc and Jsc of a CIGS solar cell. The addition of a CuGa layer on the surface of CuInGa precursor enhanced the Ga concentration in the space charge region and thus enhanced the Voc by about 18.2%. The addition of an In layer to the bottom of CuGa/CuInGa/In precursors increased the absorber solar spectrum edge and thus improved the Jsc by about 14%. The device conversion efficiency using this novel precursor structure was found to increase by about 50% from 6.2% to 9.5%.
Experimental observations of Anderson localization by disorder on a framed fluid-loaded cylinder (1996)

The presence of internal structure can greatly alter the acoustic behavior of elastic systems. Many structures of interest are comprised of reinforced shells where a periodic placement of the stiffeners lead to well-known stop- and passbands for the long-range transport of vibrational energy. Various degrees of disorder are typically the norm in real systems and the phenomenon of localization can dominate the structural dynamics and lead to high degrees of apparent damping even for frequencies well inside passbands. Generally speaking, localization can result from a number of physical mechanisms that include: radiation damping, structural damping, local resonances, and Anderson localization. Experiments have been conducted on a 1.02-m-long stainless steel cylindrical shell with 80 ring stiffeners attached with a small degree of irregularity in their placement (on average δz/d is ±2.5). Out-of-plane structural velocities in the midfrequency band were derived by employing nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) for the case of radial point excitation. The experimental evidence of Anderson localization on a fluid-loaded two-dimensional system is reported here for the first time. [Work supported by NRL and ONR.]
Whole-Brain CT Perfusion Measurement of Perfused Cerebral Blood Volume in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Probability Curve for Regional Infarction (2003)

A probability of infarction curve can help predict the likelihood of infarction as a function of percentage normalized pCBV.
Homogenization of many-body structures subject to large deformations and noninterpenetration (2009)

ABSTRACT. We give a first contribution to the homogenization of many-body structures in terms of large deformation mechanics by considering some idealized many-body structures resembling so-called cordbelts like they are used to reinforce pneumatic tires. We establish and analyze a model for these structures, the subbodies of which we assume to be hyperelastic with some polyconvex energy density and moreover to initially exhibit a brittle bond with their neighbours along contacting surfaces. Kinematically, noninterpenetration of matter is accounted for by the Ciarlet-Nečas condition and we demand deformations to preserve the local orientation. As the structures compose of more and more bodies, we identify homogenization limits of the associated total energies in the sense of Γ-convergence over those special functions of bounded variation complying with the aforementioned kinematic constraints. Depending on the geometry of the considered many-body structures, their homogenization limits are subject to newly found anisotropy or even feature additional kinematic constraints. We furthermore introduce the concept of pre-deformations to provide approximations within the special functions of bounded variation while preserving the natural kinematic constraints of geometrically nonlinear continuum mechanics. 1.
Generating precise and concise procedure summaries (2008)

We present a framework for generating procedure summaries that are (a) precise - applying the summary in a given context yields the same result as re-analyzing the procedure in that context, and(b) concise - the summary exploits the commonalitiesin the ways the procedure manipulates abstract values, and does not contain superfluous context information.
Graph theoretical approaches to the analysis of large-scale genomic data (2006)

In this thesis, we focus on the design and application of graph theoretical approaches on a selected set of problems in computational biology. 
The first problem addressed here is known as the biclustering problem. The problem arises for certain types of microarray experiments which are performed under heterogeneous In these cases one can expect that only a subset of genes show similar expression pattern across a subset of Therefore, one not only has to cluster genes, but also has to cluster conditions. We first prove that the biclustering problem is computationally hard by reduction to maximum edge biclique problem. Then, we propose a fast and efficient randomized algorithm by random projections. A detailed probabilistic analysis of the algorithm and an asymptotic study on the statistical significance of the solutions are also given. 
The second problem addressed is the analysis and modeling of complex biological networks, in particular, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The study consists of two parts. First, we propose a novel algorithm for the de novo identification of the network building modules of PPI networks. Our graph decomposition algorithm is based on the notion of edge betweenness, and is capable of discovering network modules without any a priori knowledge. Preliminary results show that our method is capable of distinguishing more accurately networks known to have distinct topologies. In the second part of the study, we perform a detailed comparative characterization of the topological organization of PPI networks. We observe that PPI networks can be considered analogous to communication networks because most of cellular activities are conducted through protein protein interactions. Therefore, man-made communication networks, such as AS-level Internet networks, can constitute a reference point when attempting to understand the design principles underlying PPI networks. Our comparative study is primarily based on a comprehensive set of graph metrics that are aimed at characterizing a wide range of topological properties of both types of networks. The preliminary results show that, despite of the fact that both PPI and AS-level networks are scale-free and small-world, they are significantly different, arguably due to distinct design principles and constraints they need to satisfy.
C−N Coupling Reactions of Allenes and Methylacetylenes with an Imidotitanium Complex (2001)

Reaction of the imidotitanium complexes [(N2Npy-κ3N)Ti(NtBu)(py)] (1) and [(N2Npy-κ3N)Ti(NtBu)] (1a) (N2Npy = (2-C5H4N)C(Me)(CH2NSiMe3)2) with 2-butyne and 1-phenylpropyne led to C−N coupling with the imido ligand and yielded the four-membered titanaazetidines [(N2Npy-κ3N)Ti{N(tBu)C(CHCH3)CH2}] (2) and [(N2Npy-κ3N)Ti{N(tBu)C(CHC6H5)CH2}] (3), respectively. The same reaction products were obtained in 2 + 2 cycloaddition reactions of 1 and 1a with 1,2-butadiene and phenylallene. The four-membered metallacycle with an exocyclic CC double bond was established by X-ray diffraction studies of both compounds. A mechanism to explain the observed products from both types of reactions is proposed. Whereas the reactions of 1 with CO2, tBuNCO, and PhNCO were highly unspecific and did not lead to an isolable product, the conversion with the sterically encumbered isocyanate 2,6-iPr2C6H3NCO yielded the product of 2 + 2 cycloaddition to the TiN bond, namely [(N2Npy-κ3N)Ti{N(tBu)C(N-2,6-C6H3iPr2)O}(py)] (4), the structure of which was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy.
La Civiltà dei Sardi dal neolitico all'età dei nuraghi by Giovanni Lilliu. Turin: Radio Televisione Italiana, 1963. 354 pp., 52 <i>pls.</i>, 73 <i>figs.</i> 3500 <i>lire.</i> - I Nuraghi—torri preistoriche della Sardegna by Giovanni Lilliu. Cagliari: La Zattera, 1962. 205 pp., 107 <i>pls.</i>, 18 <i>figs.</i>, 2 <i>maps.</i> 3500 <i>lire.</i> (1964)

La Civiltà dei Sardi dal neolitico all'età dei nuraghi by Giovanni Lilliu. Turin: Radio Televisione Italiana, 1963. 354 pp., 52 pls., 73 figs. 3500 lire. - I Nuraghi—torri preistoriche della Sardegna by Giovanni Lilliu. Cagliari: La Zattera, 1962. 205 pp., 107 pls., 18 figs., 2 maps. 3500 lire. - Volume 38 Issue 152
The effect of two lighting conditions on performance of the Farnsworth Lantern color vision test. (1988)

This paper compares the performance of color defective patients on the Farnsworth Lantern test in both unlit and lit room conditions. We examined 18 dichromats and 33 anomalous trichromats, as diagnosed by the Mark I Nagel Anomaloscope. No statistically significant differences were found between their performance in the two conditions.
A Mesoporous Er<sup>III</sup>‐MCM‐41 Catalyst for the Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones under Solvent‐free Conditions (2008)

EvEr green: A simple synthetic protocol has been developed for the solvent-free cyanosilylation reaction of aldehydes and ketones with trimethylsilylcyanide (TMSCN) catalysed by a new mesoporous silica supported ErIII catalyst. The catalyst can be recovered and reused in subsequent reactions without showing any loss of activity (three uses). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Asymmetric Induction Using Neighboring Group Participation of a Sulfenyl Group. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine Treatment Normalizes Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Level and Hinders the Progression of Cardiac Injury in Hypertensive Rats (2004)

These findings suggest that glutathione status determines the adverse effects of TNF-alpha in cardiac failure and that TNF-alpha antagonism may be achieved by glutathione supplementation.
Mining the Ovarian Cancer Ascites Proteome for Potential Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers (2008)

Current ovarian cancer biomarkers are inadequate because of their relatively low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. There is a need to discover and validate novel ovarian cancer biomarkers that are suitable for early diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of therapeutic response. We performed an in-depth proteomics analysis of ovarian cancer ascites fluid. Size exclusion chromatography and ultrafiltration were used to remove high abundance proteins with molecular mass >/=30 kDa. After trypsin digestion, the subproteome (</=30 kDa) of ascites fluid was determined by two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Filtering criteria were used to select potential ovarian cancer biomarker candidates. By combining data from different size exclusion and ultrafiltration fractionation protocols, we identified 445 proteins from the soluble ascites fraction using a two-dimensional linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Among these were 25 proteins previously identified as ovarian cancer biomarkers. After applying a set of filtering criteria to reduce the number of potential biomarker candidates, we identified 52 proteins for which further clinical validation is warranted. Our proteomics approach for discovering novel ovarian cancer biomarkers appears to be highly efficient because it was able to identify 25 known biomarkers and 52 new candidate biomarkers that warrant further validation.