gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Highly Conserved Proteins Catalyze the Conversion of UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to Precursors for the Biosynthesis of O Antigen in Pseudomonas aeruginosaO11 and Capsule in Staphylococcus aureus Type 5 (2003)

N-Acetyl-l-fucosamine is a constituent of surface polysaccharide structures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The three P. aeruginosa enzymes WbjB, WbjC, and WbjD, as well as the S. aureus homologs Cap5E, Cap5F, and Cap5G, involved in the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-l-fucosamine have been overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), mass spectroscopy (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used to elucidate the biosynthesis pathway, which proceeds in five reaction steps. WbjB/Cap5E catalyzed 4,6-dehydration of UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and 3- and 5-epimerization to yield a mixture of three keto-deoxy-sugars. The third intermediate compound was subsequently reduced at C-4 to UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-l-talose by WbjC/Cap5F. Incubation of UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-l-talose (UDP-TalNAc) with WbjD/Cap5G resulted in a new peak separable by CE that demonstrated identical mass and fragmentation patterns by CE-MS/MS to UDP-TalNAc. These results are consistent with WbjD/Cap5G-mediated 2-epimerization of UDP-TalNAc to UDP-FucNAc. A nonpolar gene knockout of wbjB, the first of the genes associated with this pathway, was constructed in P. aeruginosa serotype O11 strain PA103. The corresponding mutant produced rough lipopolysaccharide devoid of B-band O antigen. This lipopolysaccharide deficiency could be complemented with P. aeruginosa wbjB or with the S. aureus homolog cap5E. Insertional inactivation of either the cap5G or cap5F genes abolished capsule polysaccharide production in the S. aureus strain Newman. Providing the appropriate gene in trans, thereby complementing these mutants, fully restored the capsular polysaccharide phenotype.
The Effect of Antibody Size and Mechanical Loading on Solute Diffusion Through the Articular Surface of Cartilage (2017)

Because of the heterogeneous nature of articular cartilage tissue, penetration of potential therapeutic molecules for osteoarthritis (OA) through the articular surface (AS) is complex, with many factors that affect transport of these solutes within the tissue. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate how the size of antibody (Ab) variants, as well as application of cyclic mechanical loading, affects solute transport within healthy cartilage tissue. Penetration of fluorescently tagged solutes was quantified using confocal microscopy. For all the solutes tested, fluorescence curves were obtained through the articular surface. On average, diffusivities for the solutes of sizes 200 kDa, 150 kDa, 50 kDa, and 25 kDa were 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.0 μm2/s from 0 to 100 μm from the articular surface. Diffusivities went up to a maximum of 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, and 23.4 μm2/s for the 200 kDa, 150 kDa, 50 kDa, and 25 kDa molecules, respectively, from 225 to 325 μm from the surface. Overall, the effect of loading was very significant, with maximal transport enhancement for each solute ranging from 2.2 to 3.4-fold near 275 μm. Ultimately, solutes of this size do not diffuse uniformly nor are convected uniformly, through the depth of the cartilage tissue. This research potentially holds great clinical significance to discover ways of further optimizing transport into cartilage and leads to effective antibody-based treatments for OA.
Self-compensated dispersion tuning of a mode-locked fiber laser using a linearly chirped fiber grating (2001)

A new approach of self-compensated dispersion tuning is developed to generate wavelength-tunable pulses from a fiber laser. A linearly chirped fiber grating is used in conjunction with a pair of optical circulators and modulators in the cavity. The wavelength has been electrically tuned while maintaining a constant operating frequency of 1 GHz. The laser exhibits a linear tuning relation with respect to the delay time between the electrical control signals. Three chirped gratings providing dispersions of 1446, 50, and 10 ps/nm are used respectively in the experiment and the results are compared. The highest tuning range is about 1 nm and is limited by the chirped bandwidth of the gratings.
Surface morphology evaluation of polymer beads based on divinylbenzene by atomic force microscopy (2002)

Abstract Macroporous poly(styrene‐ co ‐divinylbenzene) and poly(divinylbenzene) beads were synthesized by modified suspension polymerization in the presence of different mixtures of toluene and heptane as porogen agent. Through atomic force microscopy, it was possible to identify the microspheres and the channels between them that constitute the bead pores. It was also possible to make a comparison with the results obtained by nitrogen desorption, a traditional technique used to determine the porosity of macroporous copolymers in the dry state. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 541–551, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10290
The complexity of game dynamics: BGP oscillations, sink equilibria, and beyond (2008)

We settle the complexity of a well-known problem in networking by establishing that it is PSPACE-complete to tell whether a system of path preferences in the BGP protocol [25] can lead to oscillatory behavior; one key insight is that the BGP oscillation question is in fact one about Nash dynamics. We show that the concept of sink equilibria proposed recently in [11] is also PSPACE-complete to analyze and approximate for graphical games. Finally, we propose a new equilibrium concept inspired by game dynamics, unit recall equilibria, which we show to be close to universal (exists with high probability in a random game) and algorithmically promising. We also give a relaxation thereof, called componentwise unit recall equilibria, which we show to be both tractable and universal (guaranteed to exist in every game).
Degenerate feedback and time consistency indynamic games (2005)

This paper analyses the time consistency of open-loop equilibria, in the cases of Nash and Stackelberg behaviour. We define a class of games where the strong time-consistency of the open-loop Nash equilibrium associates with the time consistency of the open-loop Stackelberg equilibrium. We label these games as `perfect uncontrollable' and provide two examples based on (i) a model where firms invest so as to increase consumers' reservation prices, based upon Cellini and Lambertini (CEJOR, 2003); and (ii) a model where firms compete to increase their respective market shares, based upon Leit- mann and Schmitendorf (IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1978).
B2-10M (15R)-14M (7R) Successive Martensitic Transformations in Ni<sub>50</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>50-x</sub>Alloys (1995)

By recent studies on Ni50AlxMn50-x (16.0≤x≤20.5) alloys, various martensites, including new ones with long period stacking order structures, were found as a function of composition, and two DSC peaks were found for the composition 16.0≤x≤17.0. To examine the nature of the two DSC peaks, insitu observations of electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction during heating and cooling were carried out. Consequently the two DSC peaks were proved to represent the B2-10M-14M successive martensitic transformations.
The impact of reactive power generation in PV systems on their yearly production of electrical energy (2016)

The paper deals with photovoltaic (PV) systems able to generate reactive power and to curtail active power generation. Based on measurements performed on an existing PV system over 10 years its typical yearly operation profile is determined. It is used to evaluate the ability of the PV system to generate reactive power. After that the efficiency characteristic of a micro-inverter is determined experimentally. It is described as a function of generated active and reactive powers. This function is afterwards used in an optimization procedure, where measured time dependent load and power generation profiles are applied to determine optimal reactive power generation in PV systems installed in an existing low voltage network. Based on calculations performed over one year, the impact of reactive power generation on yearly production of electrical energy in PV systems is evaluated.
Inhibition of the potassium channel Kv1.3 reduces infarction and inflammation in ischemic stroke (2017)

Our findings suggest that Kv1.3 constitutes a promising therapeutic target for preferentially inhibiting "M1-like" inflammatory microglia/macrophage functions in ischemic stroke.
EFFECT OF INTENSIVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL ON ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS IN SEVERELY BURNED CHILDREN. (2005)

Fram, Ricki Y; Lee, Jong O; Sanford, Arthur P; Barrow, Robert; Herndon, David N; Cree, Melanie; Wolfe, Robert R Author Information
Integrated Vacuum Growth System for Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials (2004)

Abstract : Our recent demonstrations of efficient inorganic-quantum-dot light-emitting devices in molecular organic hosts indicate the vast potential of hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructured materials for development of practical active devices. Experience shows that essential to the high performance of such nano-structures is the high material purity and controlled device growth. Both can be improved through the use of the novel and versatile integrated materials deposition system developed in this program.
Determination of GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. equivalent-circuit parameters from I/V and 1 MHz measurements (1977)

A measurement technique is described for determining the equivalent-circuit parameters of microwave GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s from d.c, 1 MHz capacitance and 1 MHz voltage-gain measurements. The equivalent-circuit parameters of a commercially available 1 μm-gate-length GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. determined with this technique are compared with parameters derived from scattering-parameter measurements made at 2 to 4 GHz.
Estimating preselected and postselected ensembles (2011)

In analogy with the usual quantum state-estimation problem, we introduce the problem of state estimation for a pre- and postselected ensemble. The problem has fundamental physical significance since, as argued by Y. Aharonov and collaborators, pre- and postselected ensembles are the most basic quantum ensembles. Two new features are shown to appear: (1) information is flowing to the measuring device both from the past and from the future; (2) because of the postselection, certain measurement outcomes can be forced never to occur. Due to these features, state estimation in such ensembles is dramatically different from the case of ordinary, preselected-only ensembles. We develop a general theoretical framework for studying this problem and illustrate it through several examples. We also prove general theorems establishing that information flowing from the future is closely related to, and in some cases equivalent to, the complex conjugate information flowing from the past. Finally, we illustrate our approach on examples involving covariant measurements on spin-1/2 particles. We emphasize that all state-estimation problems can be extended to the pre- and postselected situation. The present work thus lays the foundations of a much more general theory of quantum state estimation.
The relationship between the output synchrony of cochlear nucleus neurons and the site of stimulation in the cochlea (2001)

This is an abstract of a paper from Proceedings of the Australian Neuroscience Society 2001 published by Australian Neuroscience Society. This version is reproduced with the permission of publisher.
Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance (1989)

Journal Article Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance Get access JOHN S. PATE, JOHN S. PATE 1Botany Department, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOHN KUO, JOHN KUO 2Electron Microscopy Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KINGSLEY W. DIXON, KINGSLEY W. DIXON 3King's Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MICHAEL D. CRISP MICHAEL D. CRISP F.L.S. 4Australian National Botanic Gardens, GPO Box 158, Canberra, ACT, Australia 6005 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 99, Issue 2, February 1989, Pages 175–193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb00397.x Published: 13 May 2008 Article history Received: 01 December 1987 Accepted: 01 February 1988 Published: 13 May 2008
Representative Micro-CT images and mineral profiles of the samples of tooth model of deep caries. (2015)

<p>(a, b), CMC/ACP treatment group; (c, d), Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> treatment group.</p>
Structure of the principal antineoplastic glycosides of <i>Phyllanthus</i><i>acuminatus</i> Vahl (1983)

A series of degradative and X-ray crystallographic studies has led to unequivocal evidence for the structure (3a) assigned to the unique disaccharide phyllanthose. In turn, the X-ray crystal structure of phyllanthose confirms structures previously assigned to the potentially important antineoplastic plant glycosides phyllanthostatins 1 and 2 (1a, c) and phyllanthoside (1b). The chemical degradation and crystallographic analyses allowed assignment of structure 2a to phyllanthostatin 3.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the electrostatic persistence length of flexible polyelectrolytes at various ionic strengths (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental and theoretical investigation of the electrostatic persistence length of flexible polyelectrolytes at various ionic strengthsS. Foerster, M. Schmidt, and M. AntoniettiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 10, 4008–4014Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100189a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100189a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Electrocardiographic Changes During Cesarean Section (1994)

ZAKOWSKI, M. I.; RAMANATHAN, S.; BARATTA, J. B.; CZINER, D.; GOLDSTEIN, M. J.; KRONZON, I.; TURNDORF, H. Author Information
Diamond-Turned Aspheric Geodesic Waveguide Lenses in Lithium Niobate* (1980)

Single point diamond turning has been increasingly exploited in recent years to produce optical components of exceptional optical quality for high power lasers and other optical systems. We report here on the successful application of this machining process to the fabrication of aspherically-corrected geodesic lenses in lithium niobate substrates for integrated optics. Not only are these lenses capable of producing near-diffraction-limited images at moderate f-numbers, but the images are also precisely located in predetermined focal planes. This greatly enhances the economic promise of IO because it eliminates the costly and time consuming optical characterization and subsequent design correction which are necessary adjuncts of other lens fabrication methods. High yields and excellent reproducibility have been demonstrated in every machining run.
Olefinic CC Double Bond Coordination to a MM Triple Bond: Bis(η<sup>2</sup>‐ethylene)hexakis (neopentyloxy)ditungsten (1987)

The first addition of a simple olefin to an M-M multibond system has been achieved in the reaction of [W2(OCH2tBu)] with ethylene in hexane at 0°C. The NMR spectroscopically characterized, unstable 1 : 2 adduct [W2(OCH2tBu)6 (CH2CH2)2] is best described as dimetallabicyclopropyl, in which the rings are oriented perpendicular to each other. Equation (a) shows the addition schematically.
Producing scheduling that causes concurrent programs to fail (2006)

A noise maker is a tool that seeds a concurrent program with conditional synchronization primitives (such as yield()) for the purpose of increasing the likelihood that a bug manifest itself. This work explores the theory and practice of choosing where in the program to induce such thread switches at runtime. We introduce a novel fault model that classifies locations as 'good', 'neutral', or 'bad,' based on the effect of a thread switch at the location. We validate our approach by experimenting with a set of programs taken from publicly available multi-threaded benchmark. Our empirical evidence demonstrates that real-life behavior is similar to that derived from the model.
Color Correction Meets Blind Validation for Image Capture: Are We Teaching to the Test? (2016)

It is common practice for digital image capture systems to use a small number of de-facto-standard test targets. Unfortunately, however, color (spectral-) characteristics of the colorants used may differ from those for the population of object/scenes to be captured. This can lead to poor color calibration of the system. A second limitation of current color-capture evaluation arises when the same set of color stimuli (color patches) are used to calibrate the color capture and to evaluate the residual color errors. When the same color-target is used, the reported color-encoding errors will usually be lower than those observed in normal image capture. This is because we are, in effect, 'teaching to the test', as when a student is prepared for test taking, rather than subject mastery. We can approach this under-reporting of color error as a measurement bias. We can treat color-correction (e.g. by a color-profile) as being a statistical model relating the detected image values and their intended ('correct') pixel values. Using a statistical approach we adopt a validation method aimed at determining the extent to which this model relationship between variables (the regression model) provides an acceptable description of the data. For our color-imaging case, the equivalent step would be to test the computed color-correction (ICC profile) with color patches that are independent of those used to build the profile. We demonstrate a candidate strategy for selecting these test colors, and an example of a validation set of colors chosen to be distinct from the calibration set in the popular ColorChecker SG.
METAL IONS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE XXIX. On the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Catalase-like Activity of Nickel(II) and Nickel(II)-Amine Complexes (1974)

Abstract The disproportionation of H2O2, catalyzed by Ni2+ aq and several Ni2+−amine complexes, was investigated. (i) With Ni2+ aq in the pH range 6.6–8.2 and without buffer the following rate law holds: μ0 = d[O2/dt = k[Ni2+] [H2O2]2/[H+] (k = (1.77 ± 0.23) × 10−9 mol−1 1. sec−1). In the presence of phosphate buffer and in the pH range 6–7 the initial rate, μ0, is proportional to 1/[H+]. (ii) For the buffer-free Ni2+−2,2′-bipyridyl 1:1 system in the pH range 4.5–8 μ0 = ((k 1/[H+]) + k 2)[H2O2]([Ni2+]tot = [Bipy]tot)0.5 where k 1 = (1.35 ± 0.20) × 10−12 mol0.5 l.−0.5 sec−1 and k 2 = (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10−6 mol−0.5 l.0.5 sec−1. With borate buffer μ0 is increased, but in the pH-dependent part the given proportionalities between μ0 and [reactants] are valid. For these conditions the Ni2+−2,2′-bipyridyl 1:1 complex is the catalytically most active species. (iii) In the buffer-free system with Ni(ethylenediamine)2+ 2 as catalyst in the pH range 8.2–10 it appears that an analog rate law holds as given above for Ni2+ aq (cf. i). Borate buffer has a rate enhancing effect on the catalytic activity of Ni(En)2+ 2 Also there is evidence for μ0 being proportional to 1/[H+]2 and this means two HOO− (or corresponding borate derivatives) are participating in the reaction before the rate determining step. (iv) With 2-picolylamine the 1:1 complex reaches about the activity of Ni2+, while with 4-aminomethylimidazole or histamine none of the complex species is as active as Ni2+. - As far as possible the reaction laws are given for the mentioned systems. Reaction mechanisms and the structure of the active species, as well as the rate enhancing effect of borate, are discussed.
Effect of creep deformation on Z phase formation in Gr.91 steel (2013)

In order to make clear the effect of creep deformation on Z phase formation in Gr.91 steel, creep interrupted tests were performed for 10 000, 20 000, 30 000, 50 000 and 70 000 h at 600°C under 70 MPa. The time to rupture was 80 736·8 h at 600°C under 70 MPa. Z phase was observed in the vicinity of prior austenite grain boundaries in the grip and gauge portions after creep deformation for 10 000 h and more. Number density of Z phase particles increased with increasing creep time in the grip and gauge portions. The number densities of MX carbonitrides particles in the grip and gauge portions clearly started to decrease after 30 000 h corresponding to increase in number density of Z phase. In the gauge portion, the number density of MX carbonitrides particles was almost the same as that of Z phase particles after creep rupture, meaning that a large number of MX carbonitrides particles were disappeared. The number density of Z phase particles in the gauge portion was 2·5 times of that in the grip portion after creep rupture. This indicates that creep deformation promotes the Z phase formation.
A Pilot Study of the Combination of Cyclosporin A and Interferon Alfacon-1 for the Treatment of Hepatitis C in Previous Nonresponder Patients (2003)

Selected patients with hepatitis C tolerated therapy, including cyclosporine without severe or irreversible toxicity. Despite an association between higher cyclosporine levels and on-treatment response, the combination of cyclosporine and interferon was ineffective in producing a sustained response in previous nonresponder patients.