gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytostatic potential of novel agents that inhibit the regulation of intracellular pH (2002)

Cells within the acidic extracellular environment of solid tumours maintain their intracellular pH (pHi) through the activity of membrane-based ion exchange mechanisms including the Na(+)/H(+) antiport and the Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger. Inhibition of these regulatory mechanisms has been proposed as an approach to tumour therapy. Previously available inhibitors of these exchangers were toxic (e.g. 4,4-diisothiocyanstilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid), and/or non-specific (e.g. 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl amiloride). Using two human (MCF7, MDA-MB231) and one murine (EMT6) breast cancer cell lines, we evaluated the influence of two new agents, cariporide (an inhibitor of the Na(+)/H(+) antiport) and S3705 (an inhibitor of the Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger) on the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi). The cytotoxicity of the two agents was assessed by using clonogenic assays. Our results suggest that cariporide has similar efficacy and potency to 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl amiloride for inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange while S3705 is more potent and efficient than 4,4-diisothiocyanstilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid in inhibiting Na+-dependent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange. The agents inhibited the growth of tumour cells when they were incubated at low pHe (7.0-6.8), but were non-toxic to cells grown at doses that inhibited the regulation of pHi. Our results indicate that cariporide and S3705 are selective cytostatic agents under in vitro conditions that reflect the slightly acidic microenvironment found in solid tumours.
Inclined exposure and incomplete thermal reflow process for fabricating asymmetric microlens array (2012)

A novel fabrication method of tilted microlens array for light control films is developed to increase the efficiency of a liquid crystal display that can collect lateral light sources and improve the dazzling problem within the angle of view. Initially, the pattern allows UV exposure by placing a photoresist-coated substrate on an inclined fixture. An inclined photoresist column array is made with a round cross-section using the photolithography technique. During the incomplete thermal reflow processing, only the partial surface of photoresist column reaches the material glass transition temperature, which is transformed from a glassy state into a rubbery state. In order to minimize the structural surface energy and reduce the surface area, the surface of the inclined photoresist column forms the lens profile. With proper control of the thermal reflow temperature and time, the photoresist at the base will still maintain the original inclination and glassy state because it hasn't reached the glass transition temperature. The experimental results show that the inclined exposure from different angles can precisely control the declination angle of the inclined photoresist column. It can then fabricate the asymmetrical microlens arrays with the tilted angle larger than 33° by using the upside-down substrate and incomplete thermal reflow method.
A New Variant Of Rc4 Stream Cipher (2009)

RC4 was used as an encryption algorithm in WEP(Wired Equivalent Privacy) protocol that is a standardized for 802.11 wireless network. A few attacks followed, indicating certain weakness in the design. In this paper, we proposed a new variant of RC4 stream cipher. The new version of the cipher does not only appear to be more secure, but its keystream also has large period, large complexity and good statistical properties.
Investigation of selenium retention in high redox glasses (2005)

Laboratory glass melting experiments were made to study the effect of glass redox on selenium retention. Initially, it was found that as expected selenium retention decreases as glass redox ratio increases. But, unexpectedly, selenium retention then levels off and reaches a minimum upon further increases in glass redox, before once again increasing for very high redox ratios of more than 0.60. Selenium concentrations in the furnace atmosphere at different locations in a commercial float glass furnace were also measured as an indicator of selenium volatility at different stages of glass melting. A study of the effect of glass redox ratio on the spectral absorption of the major selenium containing coloring centers in float glass was also made.
Transmyocardial release of CK-MB and troponin I during off-pump coronary artery surgery (2006)

Clinic of Anesthesiology; Center of Cardiac Surgery, North Estonia Regional Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia; Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Campylobacter and Salmonella on horse retail meat (2000)

The overall observed rate of counseling in community pharmacies is low. In the Kansas City area, independent pharmacists counsel a greater than average percentage of their patients. Even if the national counseling rate is double what was observed, millions of patients are leaving pharmacies without the benefit of pharmacotherapeutic guidance. If pharmacists are slow to meet these challenges, other service providers will relieve pharmacists of that responsibility.
A comparison study of image segmentation by clustering techniques (2002)

Many image segmentation methods based on clustering are available in the literature. Some of these techniques use classical clustering, some use fuzzy sets. Most of these techniques are not suitable for noisy environments. Some work has been done using the possibilist clustering approach which is robust to noise, but requires knowledge of the number of clusters. The probabilistic approach can be used to assess the number of components. This paper reviews and summarizes some of these techniques. Attempts have been made to cover hard, fuzzy and possibilist approaches as well as mixture model clustering. Adequate attention is paid to possibilist clustering in discarding noisy pixels and to entropy criteria in assessing the number of clusters. We also propose a quantitative evaluation of segmentation results.
Fractals Offer Mathematical Tool for Study of Complex Chemical Systems (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFractals Offer Mathematical Tool for Study of Complex Chemical SystemsMathematical language that uses noninteger dimensions to describe irregular shapes can be used to model catalysis, kinetics, colloid aggregationSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 16, 28–35Publication Date (Print):April 22, 1991Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 22 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n016.p028https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n016.p028newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biology,Mathematical methods Get e-Alerts
Magnetic suspension - The next generation in precision pointing (1982)

Today's large optical experiments, both free-flying and Shuttle-borne, are finding an increasing need for a stable pointing platform in a vibration environment. As the resolution of optical systems has improved, conventional techniques for isolation and pointing have become less attractive. This paper describes the present state of the art in magnetic suspension pointing systems. This technology combines the functions of translational isolation and precision pointing to achieve performance in the 0.01 arcsec range, in the presence of disturbances such as random noise or reaction jet firings. Ongoing technology refinements and their importance to the experiment community are also discussed. The key to these refinements is a high-resolution, vibrating quartz force sensor that will improve pointing stability.
Differences in perceptual learning transfer as a function of training task (2015)

A growing body of research--including results from behavioral psychology, human structural and functional imaging, single-cell recordings in nonhuman primates, and computational modeling--suggests that perceptual learning effects are best understood as a change in the ability of higher-level integration or association areas to read out sensory information in the service of particular decisions. Work in this vein has argued that, depending on the training experience, the "rules" for this read-out can either be applicable to new contexts (thus engendering learning generalization) or can apply only to the exact training context (thus resulting in learning specificity). Here we contrast learning tasks designed to promote either stimulus-specific or stimulus-general rules. Specifically, we compare learning transfer across visual orientation following training on three different tasks: an orientation categorization task (which permits an orientation-specific learning solution), an orientation estimation task (which requires an orientation-general learning solution), and an orientation categorization task in which the relevant category boundary shifts on every trial (which lies somewhere between the two tasks above). While the simple orientation-categorization training task resulted in orientation-specific learning, the estimation and moving categorization tasks resulted in significant orientation learning generalization. The general framework tested here--that task specificity or generality can be predicted via an examination of the optimal learning solution--may be useful in building future training paradigms with certain desired outcomes.
Local Drinking Water Filters Reduce Diarrheal Disease in Cambodia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Ceramic Water Purifier (2008)

A randomized, controlled intervention trial of two household-scale drinking water filters was conducted in a rural village in Cambodia. After collecting four weeks of baseline data on household water quality, diarrheal disease, and other data related to water use and handling practices, households were randomly assigned to one of three groups of 60 households: those receiving a ceramic water purifier (CWP), those receiving a second filter employing an iron-rich ceramic (CWP-Fe), and a control group receiving no intervention. Households were followed for 18 weeks post-baseline with biweekly follow-up. Households using either filter reported significantly less diarrheal disease during the study compared with a control group of households without filters as indicated by longitudinal prevalence ratios CWP: 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.63); CWP-Fe: 0.58 (95% CI: 0.47-0.71), an effect that was observed in all age groups and both sexes after controlling for clustering within households and within individuals over time.
LA CARRERA DE BOLA Y ARIWETA RARÁMURI EN LA SIERRA TARAHUMARA (2006)

Etimologicamente la palabra “raramuri”, que identifica al grupo etnico que habitante de la Sierra Tarahumara, dentro de la Sierra Madre Occidental mexicana, significa “pie corredor” o “corredor a pie” y es precisamente la carrera una de sus peculiaridades culturales por la que son conocidos internacionalmente, la cual mantiene en la actualidad plena vigencia esistiendose al cambio. De ella nos vamos a ocupar en este texto que, en base al trabajo de campo realizado durante once meses desde 2001 a 2003 en distintas comunidades de la Alta y la Baja Tarahumara, tiene como principal cometido describir con detalle todos los aspectos relativos a la estructura y dinamica de la carrera, como paso imprescindible para profundizar en sus significados. Contar con una adecuada descripcion sobre el proceso completo en que se desarrolla la carrera, constituye un requisito basico para saber que estamos tratando de un hecho social y cultural total que va mucho mas alla de la simple accion motriz, por ello hemos creido oportuno ser denso en la tarea descriptiva y no entrar en su interpretacion por motivos de espacio, aunque si terminamos avanzando una serie de interrogantes como materia de reflexion. Para comenzar, no obstante, es siempre oportuno situar aquello de lo que se va a hablar en el espacio y en el tiempo, y asi lo hacemos al colocar a la carrera raramuri entre la leyenda y la historia.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE INHIBITOREN DER SERINPROTEINASEN 4. MITT. UEBER DIE HEMMWIRKUNG SUBSTITUIERTER ANILIDE DER 3‐ UND 4‐AMIDINOBENZOESAEURE UND AMIDINO‐ANILIDE VERSCHIEDENER BENZOE‐ UND BENZOLSULFON‐SAEUREN (1974)

Abstract Es wird die Hemmwirkung der Amidine (I), (II), (III) und (IV) gegenüber Trypsin, Thrombin und Plasmin untersucht.
Audio amplifier powered over Ethernet A study of using IEEE 802.3at Power over Ethernet as a power source for a class-D audio amplifier. (2013)

Today, a professional amplifier may be supplied with its input as well as control and monitoring via Ethernet. By Power over Ethernet (PoE) it is now possible to provide its power as well. It means that an amplifier can be fully operating with a single cable. Power over Ethernet is standardized by IEEE and it allows 25-34 W to be distributed over a twisted-pair Ethernet cable. 
As a proof of concept, a PoE amplifier is created and evaluated. The performance of the amplifier is analyzed to determine if PoE is suited for powering amplifiers. The amplifier is measured both when it is powered over Ethernet and when it is powered with a regular power supply unit. The result is compared to determine what impact PoE has on the output audio quality. 
The PoE amplifier is able to deliver 25 W of continuous output power and it can deliver up to 81.8 W when playing a “music like” signal with good audio quality. For lower level output there is no impact in the audio quality on the PoE amplifier but for higher output power the amplifier loses some of its linearity.
Note: Design of a novel rotating magnetic field device (2012)

A novel device to produce a rotating magnetic field was designed, constructed, and tested. The system consists of a Helmholtz coil pair which is mechanically coupled to a dc electric motor whose angular velocity is controlled. The coil pair generates a uniform magnetic field; the whole system is rotated maintaining the coils energized using brushes. The magnetic field strength is uniform (≈5.8 mT) for a workspace of about 100 mm along the rotation axis. The system remains free of undesirable high amplitude mechanical vibrations for rotation frequencies below 10 Hz. We verified the performance of the apparatus by conducting experiments with magnetic swimmers.
Defining malware families based on analyst insights (2011)

Determining whether arbitrary files are related to known malicious files is often useful in network and host-based defense. Doing so can give network defenders sufficient exemplars of a particular threat to develop comprehensive signatures and heuristics for identifying the threat, leading to decreased response time and improved prevention of a cyber attack. Identifying these malicious families is a complex process involving the categorization of potentially malicious code into sets that share similar features, while being distinguishable from unrelated threats or non-malicious code. Current methods for automatically or manually describing malware families are typically unable to distinguish between indicators derived from the structure of the malware and indicators derived from the behavior of the malware. Further, attempts to cluster potentially related files by mapping them into alternate domains, including histograms, fuzzy hashes, Bloom filters, and so on often produces clusters of files solely derived from structural information. These similarity measurements are often very effective on crudely similar files, yet they fail to identify files that have similar or identical behavior and semantics. We propose an analytic method, driven largely by human experience and based on objective criteria, for assigning arbitrary files membership in a malicious code family. We describe a process for iteratively refining the criteria used to select a malicious code family, until such criteria described are both necessary and sufficient to distinguish a particular malicious code family. We contrast this process with similar processes, such as antivirus signature generation and automatic and blind classification methods. We formalize this process to describe a roadmap for practitioners of malicious code analysis and to highlight opportunities for improvement and automation of both the process and the observation of relevant criteria. Finally, we provide experimental results of applying this methodology to real-world malware.
An update on nitrate tolerance: can it be avoided? (1992)

Journal Article An update on nitrate tolerance: can it be avoided? Get access S R J Maxwell, S R J Maxwell Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK Correspondence: S.R.J. Maxwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M J Kendall M J Kendall Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 68, Issue 805, November 1992, Pages 857–866, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.68.805.857 Published: 01 November 1992 Article history Accepted: 27 May 1992 Published: 01 November 1992
Los TLC de Chile. Estrategias y tácticas de negociación (2014)

En el nuevo milenio, Chile ha consolidado su modelo económico de apertura a los mercados externos. Esto se ve reflejado en el número de tratados de libre comercio (TLC) que ha firmado con distintos países y grupos regionales. Pero, ¿bajo qué parámetros negocia sus TLCs? El clarificar esta pregunta es el objetivo central de este ensayo.
A parallel processor system for three-dimensional color graphics (1984)

This paper describes the hardware architecture and the employed algorithm of a parallel processor system for three-dimensional color graphics. The design goal of the system is to generate realistic images of three-dimensional environments on a raster-scan video display in real-time. In order to achieve this goal, the system is constructed as a two-level hierarchical multi-processor system which is particularly suited to incorporate scan-line algorithm for hidden surface elimination. The system consists of several Scan-Line Processors (SLPs), each of which controls several slave PiXel Processors (PXPs). The SLP prepares the specific data structure relevant to each scan line, while the PXP manipulates every pixel data in its own territory. Internal hardware structures of the SLP and the PXP are quite different, being designed for their dedicated tasks. This system architecture can easily execute scan-line algorithm in parallel by partitioning the entire image space and allotting one processor element to each partition. The specific partition scheme and some new data structures are introduced to exploit as much parallelism as possible. In addition, the scan-line algorithm is extended to include smooth-shading and anti-aliasing with the aim of rendering more realistic images. These two operations are performed on a per-scan-line basis so as to preserve scan-line and span coherence. Performance estimation of the system shows that a typical system consisting of 8 SLPs and 8×8 PXPs can generate, in every 1/15th of a second, the shadowed image of a three-dimensional scene containing about 200 polygons.
Enseñanza de la medicina La nueva escuela de medicina. (1959)

A mediados de 1955 quedo terminado el nuevo local de la Escuela Nacional de Medicina en la Ciudad Universitaria. Sus tres grandes edificios albergan desde 1956 a 3,500 alumnos, aproximadamente. No todos pueden, por grande y espaciosa que sea la construccion recibir sus catedras con los mismos horarios; asi pues, existen, como en una factoria, turnos de trabajo que permiten impartir ensenanza a grupos no muy numerosos. Para lograr esto hemos tenido que contratar profesores de tiempo completo, hacer que los que disponen de mayor tiempo para impartir ensenanza, trabajen en dos turnos, e ir recurriendo a la incorporacion paulatina de nuevos profesores que son seleccionados entre los medicos mas dotados y con mayor preparacion pedagogica.
Durability of high performance concrete composites containing silica fume (2012)

A parametric experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of silica fume on the durability of the concrete composites. Four different silica fume contents (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) were used. The durability of concrete composites includes water impermeability, dry shrinkage property, the carbonation resistance and the freeze–thaw resistance. The results indicate that the addition of silica fume has a little adverse effect on the dry shrinkage property of concrete composites. With the increase of silica fume content, the dry shrinkage strain is increasing gradually. However, the addition of silica fume has greatly improved the water impermeability, the carbonation resistance and the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete composites. With the increase of silica fume content, the length of water permeability and the carbonation depth of the specimens are decreasing gradually, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus of the specimens has a tendency of increase with the increase of silica fume content.
유아 동작교육에 대한 교사의 인식 및 실태 분석 (2012)

본 연구의 목적은 유아 동작교육에 대한 교사의 인식과 실태를 분석하여 유아 동작교육의 활성화 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 유아 동작교육에 대한 유아 교사의 인식과 실태를 파악하기 위해 문헌분석, 전문가 집단, 유아교사 등의 협의를 통해 설문지를 개발한 후 연구 자료를 수집하였다. 개발된 설문지는 동작교육에 대한 인식과 실태의 2개 하위 영역으로 구분하여 총 22문항으로 구성하였다. 연구대상은 유치원과 어린이집에 재직 중인 유아교사 390명이었으며, 수집된 자료는 χ2-검증, t-검증, One-Way ANOVA를 실시하였고 집단 간 차이 분석을 위해 Scheffe 검증을 통해 추후분석을 하였다. 연구결과 동작교육에 대한 유아 교사의 인식과 실태는 교사의 배경 변인 즉 기관의 유형, 교육경력, 학력 그리고 담당 학급의 유아 연령에 따라 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
[Codon usage of Chinese hamster ovary cells.]. (2006)

CHO dhfr- cell has its own optimal codons, it is suggested that codon bias is one of reasons for functional diversity of different mammal cells and it is an effective stratagy to modification of the codon usage of the foreign gene according to the optimal codons of CHO dhfr- to increase the production of foreign gene.
Investigation of drying kinetics of maize in drum dryers (2011)

A compact and low-profile curve-feed complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) microwave sensor for solid material detection is presented in this article. The curve-feed CSRR sensor was developed based on the CSRR configuration with triple rings (TRs) designed together, utilizing a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) microwave studio. The designed curve-feed CSRR sensor resonates at 2.5 GHz, performs in transmission mode, and senses shift in frequency. Four varieties of the sample under tests (SUTs) were simulated and measured. These SUTs are Air (without SUT), Roger 5880, Roger 4350, FR4, and detailed sensitivity analysis is being performed for the resonant band at 2.5 GHz. The finalized CSRR curve-feed sensor was integrated with defective ground structure (DGS) to deliver high-performance characteristics in microstrip circuits, which leads to a high Q-factor magnitude. The presented curve-feed sensor has a Q-factor of 520 at 2.5 GHz, with high sensitivity of about 1.072. The relationship between loss tangent, permittivity, and Q-factor at the resonant frequency has been compared and discussed. These disseminated outcomes make the suggested sensor ideal for characterizing solid materials.