gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Dietary (Phyto)Nutrients for Glutathione Support (2019)

Glutathione is a tripeptide that plays a pivotal role in critical physiological processes resulting in effects relevant to diverse disease pathophysiology such as maintenance of redox balance, reduction of oxidative stress, enhancement of metabolic detoxification, and regulation of immune system function. The diverse roles of glutathione in physiology are relevant to a considerable body of evidence suggesting that glutathione status may be an important biomarker and treatment target in various chronic, age-related diseases. Yet, proper personalized balance in the individual is key as well as a better understanding of antioxidants and redox balance. Optimizing glutathione levels has been proposed as a strategy for health promotion and disease prevention, although clear, causal relationships between glutathione status and disease risk or treatment remain to be clarified. Nonetheless, human clinical research suggests that nutritional interventions, including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and foods can have important effects on circulating glutathione which may translate to clinical benefit. Importantly, genetic variation is a modifier of glutathione status and influences response to nutritional factors that impact glutathione levels. This narrative review explores clinical evidence for nutritional strategies that could be used to improve glutathione status.
Chloroplast SRP54 Was Recruited for Posttranslational Protein Transport via Complex Formation with Chloroplast SRP43 during Land Plant Evolution (2015)

In bacteria, membrane proteins are targeted cotranslationally via a signal recognition particle (SRP). During the evolution of higher plant chloroplasts from cyanobacteria, the SRP pathway underwent striking adaptations that enable the posttranslational transport of the abundant light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs). The conserved 54-kDa SRP subunit in higher plant chloroplasts (cpSRP54) is not bound to an SRP RNA, an essential SRP component in bacteria, but forms a stable heterodimer with the chloroplast-specific cpSRP43. This heterodimeric cpSRP recognizes LHCP and delivers it to the thylakoid membrane whereby cpSRP43 plays a central role. This study shows that the cpSRP system in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii differs significantly from that of higher plants as cpSRP43 is not complexed to cpSRP54 in Chlamydomonas and cpSRP54 is not involved in LHCP recognition. This divergence is attributed to altered residues within the cpSRP54 tail and the second chromodomain of cpSRP43 that are crucial for the formation of the binding interface in Arabidopsis. These changes are highly conserved among chlorophytes, whereas all land plants contain cpSRP proteins with typical interaction motifs. These data demonstrate that the coevolution of LHCPs and cpSRP43 occurred independently of complex formation with cpSRP54 and that the interaction between cpSRP54 and cpSRP43 evolved later during the transition from chlorophytes to land plants. Furthermore, our data show that in higher plants a heterodimeric form of cpSRP is required for the formation of a low molecular weight transit complex with LHCP.
Nanopatterned Magnetic Metal via Colloidal Lithography with Reactive Ion Etching (2004)

A novel method for the fabrication of patterned arrays of Co/Pt by using colloidal lithography with reactive ion etching is described. Specifically, we created the magnetic metal patterns with controllable features using the RIE-assisted colloidal masks, and analyzed the magnetic properties of the metal dots.
A long stringent sequence signal for programmed chromosome breakage in Tetrahymena thermophila (2000)

Programmed chromosome breakage occurs at 50–200 specific sites in the genome of Tetrahymena thermophila during somatic nuclear (macronuclear) differentiation. Previous studies have identified a 15 bp sequence, the Cbs (for chromosome breakage sequence), that is necessary and sufficient to specify these sites. In this study we determined the effects of mutations in the Cbs on its ability to specify the chromosome breakage site and promote new telomere formation in conjugating cells. Twenty-one constructs with single nucleotide substitutions covering all 15 positions of the Cbs were made and tested. Fourteen of them (covering 11 positions) abolished breakage entirely, six (covering six positions, including the remaining four) caused partial loss of breakage function and one showed no detectable effect. This result indicates that the Cbs has an exceptionally long and stringent sequence requirement. It offers no evidence that the Cbs contains a separate domain for promoting new telomere formation. In addition, we found that a partially functional Cbs retained in the macronucleus does not induce chromosome breakage during vegetative growth and that excess copies of this germline-specific sequence in the somatic nucleus have little deleterious effect on cell growth.
Statistics for Business and Economics: Methods and Applications (1980)

As in previous editions, three principal objectives guided the writings of this book: first, to explain statistical methods used in business and by economists in the clearest possible way; second, to draw case material from real-world situations in order to demonstrate the practical applications of those methods; third, to surround both theory and cases with an abundance of problems, based on real data whenever possible and graded in level of difficulty.
Segmentation of Organs at Risk in Chest Cavity Using 3D Deep Neural Network (2019)

Cancer ranks second in the world in terms of morbidity and mortality. Radiotherapy is one of standard treatment procedures in case of cancer. In lung and esophageal cancer, the irradiation planning begins with the delineation of the target tumor and healthy organs. In this paper we propose solving Organs at Risk (OAR) segmentation task with deep learning approach. Proposed network is based on U-Net-like architecture with ResNet-50 backbone. Multi-resolution approach is used for localization of volumes of interest (VOIs) for each individual organ at inference stage. Generalized Dice Loss is used for neural network weights optimization. Experiments demonstrate competitive performance on a dataset of 60 computed tomography (CT) scans (40 CT scans are used for network training, 20 CT scans - for evaluation). The following metric scores were obtained on the test split: dice score - 0.77 (esophagus), 0.933 (heart), 0.913 (trachea), 0.908 (aorta); Hausdorff distance - 0.605 (esophagus), 0.225 (heart), 0.223 (trachea), 0.326 (aorta).
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of TPA023, a GABA<sub>A</sub>α<sub>2,3</sub>subtype-selective agonist, compared to lorazepam and placebo in healthy volunteers (2006)

TPA023, a GABA(A) alpha2,3 alphasubtype-selective partial agonist, is expected to have comparable anxiolytic efficacy as benzodiazepines with reduced sedating effects. The compound lacks efficacy at the alpha1 subtype, which is believed to mediate these effects. This study investigated the effects of 0.5 and 1.5 mg TPA023 and compared them with placebo and lorazepam 2 mg (therapeutic anxiolytic dose). Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in this placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, four-way, cross-over study. Saccadic eye movements and visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess the sedative properties of TPA023. The effects on posturaL stability and cognition were assessed using body sway and a standardized battery of neurophysiological memory tests. Lorazepam caused a significant reduction in saccadic peak velocity, the VAS alertness score and impairment of memory and body sway. TPA023 had significant dose dependent effects on saccadic peak velocity (85 deg/sec maximum reduction at the higher dose) that approximated the effects of lorazepam. In contrast to lorazepam, TPA023 had no detectabLe effects on saccadic latency or inaccuracy. Also unlike lorazepam, TPA023 did not affect VAS alertness, memory or body sway. These results show that the effect profile of TPA023 differs markedly from that of lorazepam, at doses that were equipotent with regard to effects on saccadic peak veLocity. Contrary to lorazepam, TPA023 caused no detectable memory impairment or postural imbalance. These differences reflect the selectivity of TPA023 for different GABA(A) receptor subtypes.
Ca+2 Signal is Generated Only Once in the Mating Pheromone Response Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2000)

The mating pheromone, a-factor, of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds to the heterotrimeric G protein-coupled cell surface receptor of MATa cells and induces cellular responses necessary for mating. In higher eukaryotic cells, many hormones and growth factors rapidly mobilize a second messenger, Ca2+, by means of receptor-G protein signaling. Although striking similarities between the mechanisms of the receptor-G protein signaling in yeast and higher eukaryotes have long been known, it is still uncertain whether the pheromone rapidly mobilizes Ca2+ necessary for early events of the pheromone response. Here we reexamine this problem using sensitive methods for detecting Ca2+ fluxes and mobilization, and find no evidence that there is rapid Ca2+ influx leading to a rapid increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. In addition, the yeast PLC1 deletion mutant lacking phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, a key enzyme for generating Ca2+ signals in higher eukaryotic cells, responds normally to the pheromone. These findings suggest that the receptor-G protein signaling does not utilize Ca2+ as a second messenger in the early stage of the pheromone response pathway. Since the receptor-G protein signaling does stimulate Ca2+ influx after early events have finished and this stimulation is essential for late events in the pheromone response pathway {Iida et al., (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265: 13391-13399} Ca2+ may be used only once in the signal transduction pathway in unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast.
Combining a Spatial Model and Demand Forecasts to Map Future Surface Coal Mining in Appalachia (2015)

Predicting the locations of future surface coal mining in Appalachia is challenging for a number of reasons. Economic and regulatory factors impact the coal mining industry and forecasts of future coal production do not specifically predict changes in location of future coal production. With the potential environmental impacts from surface coal mining, prediction of the location of future activity would be valuable to decision makers. The goal of this study was to provide a method for predicting future surface coal mining extents under changing economic and regulatory forecasts through the year 2035. This was accomplished by integrating a spatial model with production demand forecasts to predict (1 km2) gridded cell size land cover change. Combining these two inputs was possible with a ratio which linked coal extraction quantities to a unit area extent. The result was a spatial distribution of probabilities allocated over forecasted demand for the Appalachian region including northern, central, southern, and eastern Illinois coal regions. The results can be used to better plan for land use alterations and potential cumulative impacts.
Plasma 1,5‐anhydroglucitol concentrations are influenced by variations in the renal threshold for glucose (1999)

People with the same glucose tolerance may demonstrate variable plasma 1,5AG concentrations depending on their renal threshold for glucose. This inherent characteristic is likely to limit the usefulness of the test when monitoring or screening for diabetes.
Neutrophils in antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer (2007)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are presently considered key therapeutic drugs for the treatment of malignancies. They can be designed to specifically target tumour-associated antigens and initiate several effector mechanisms, which potentially leads to elimination of the tumour. Through their Fc tail mAbs interact with Fc receptors (FcR) that are expressed on immune cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating FcR-expressing white blood cells with potent cytotoxic ability that is enhanced in the presence of antitumour mAbs. They furthermore play a role in regulating adaptive immunity, which may lead to the initiation of antitumour immune responses. Yet, neutrophils receive surprisingly little attention as potential effector cell population. This article reviews the scientific data that supports the possibility of exploiting neutrophils for mAb-based immunotherapy of cancer. An increasing awareness and understanding of this topic may allow for future development of new anticancer therapies.
Research on TD-SCDMA High-speed Railway Coverage Solution (2010)

It analyzes the major issues in special scene such as frequent handover and high penetration loss,and proposes a distributed node B joint multi-cell merger solution.Some network suggestions are given with the example of Beijing-Tianjin express TD coverage solution.
Visual consequences of the foveal pit. (1980)

When viewing a uniform field through a small aperture moved circularly before the pupil of the eye, many observers report a diffuse dim spot subtending roughly 1 degree visual angle, which rolls around the fixation point in synchrony with the motion of the aperture. Measurements of the Stiles-Crawford maximum for different locations within the fovea confirm that small but systematic shifts in foveal directional sensitivity are responsible for this entoptic effect. A quantitative model is developed which accounts for the directional sensitivity shifts on the basis of refraction of light at the sloping sides of the foveal pit. Supporting evidence for the model is provided by a second entoptic phenomenon: fundal scatter from the image of a glare source on the eccentric retina is reflected by the foveal pit in such a way as to render it visible. Estimates of the slope of the foveal pit from this effect agree well with that predicted from the observed shifts in directional sensitivity.
An Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium Battery Using Coated Li Metal as Anode (2013)

New energy industry including electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage in smart grids requires energy storage systems of good safety, high reliability, high energy density and low cost. Here a coated Li metal is used as anode for an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB) combining LiMn2O4 as cathode and 0.5 mol l(-1) Li2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolyte. Due to the "cross-over" effect of Li(+) ions in the coating, this ARLB delivers an output voltage of about 4.0 V, a big breakthrough of the theoretic stable window of water, 1.229 V. Its cycling is very excellent with Coulomb efficiency of 100% except in the first cycle. Its energy density can be 446 Wh kg(-1), about 80% higher than that for traditional lithium ion battery. Its power efficiency can be above 95%. Furthermore, its cost is low and safety is much reliable. It provides another chemistry for post lithium ion batteries.
Cyclization reactions of bis(allenes) for the synthesis of polycarbo(hetero)cycles (2014)

The chemistry of allenes is an appealing topic which fascinates chemists nowadays. Their reactivity and versatility makes this skeleton a useful moiety to create a great variety of structures depending on the functional groups attached and the reaction conditions used. Recently, there is a growing interest in the study of the reactivity of bis(allenes) inspired in the chemistry developed in simple allenes. In this review a collection of examples of cyclization reactions of bis(allenes) is presented as well as the future perspectives.
A complex z-transform technique for speckle reduction (2002)

The ubiquitous speckle artifact manifests itself as a fine noise-like structure superimposed on an ultrasound image. Conventional speckle reduction techniques rely on a stochastic description of the artifact, but there are difficulties associated with such a definition. It is shown that a deterministic definition of a speckle corrected signal is feasible and can lead to a new method of removing the speckle artifact. The algorithm implementing this is presented and consists of two stages. Stage 1 deterministically identifies a local center of destructive interference, and stage 2 provides an additive local correction to (only a subset of) the RF-Aline data. Processing operates on a one-dimensional data sequence via complex z-transform techniques. No resolution tradeoff exists, and the scheme is shown to be robust to noise and ultimately applicable on a real time-basis. The efficacy of the technique is assessed via B-mode images obtained from a tissue-equivalent phantom and suppression of partially developed speckle is demonstrated. Although the algorithm is presented in the medical ultrasonic context, it is applicable to all imaging modalities that are corrupted by speckle and implemented via a coherent detection system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Input Technique for Accented Letters in Alphabetical Scripts (2002)

SITMO is a new input technique for accented and special\nletters of the Latin alphabet (or other alphabets of comparable\nsize), which combines in a uniform way short key sequences for\nfrequently used characters with an easily memorizable scheme to\nenter rarely used characters. Compared with traditional modifier\ntechniques, SITMO requires less additional keys and allows\nto access more characters, while for most European languages,\nthe average number of keystrokes per derived letter is similar\n(that is, close to 2).
Reconciliation of Financial Statements (1996)

When you have finished working through this chapter you should be able to carry out the following tasks in the context of a simple integrated example providing summary information on all the business transactions of an accounting period Apply the matching concept in order to calculate profit, making use of a given stock valuation and depreciation method Draw up a profit and loss account Draw up a cash flow statement Calculate debtor and creditor balances as at the end of the accounting period Draw up a balance sheet as at the end of the accounting period by bringing together the end balances of the depreciation and stock calculations, the cash flow statement, the debtors' and creditors' workings and the retained profit from the profit and loss account Demonstrate your competence in the area of financial accounts by combining all the above skills in drawing up a set of financial statements in the context of a case study which is presented at the end of Part I KeywordsCash FlowBalance SheetTrade CreditorCurrent AssetAccounting PeriodThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Finding Maximal Frequent Itemsets over Online Data Streams Adaptively (2006)

Due to the characteristics of a data stream, it is very important to confine the memory usage of a data mining process regardless of the amount of information generated in the data stream. For this purpose, this paper proposes a CP-tree (compressed-prefix tree) that can be effectively used in finding either frequent or maximal frequent itemsets over an online data stream. Unlike a prefix tree, a node of a CP-tree can maintain the information of several item-sets together. Based on this characteristic, the size of a CP-tree can be flexibly controlled by merging or splitting nodes. In this paper, a mining method employing a CP-tree is proposed and an adaptive memory utilization scheme is also presented in order to maximize the mining accuracy of the proposed method for confined memory space at all times. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is analyzed by a series of experiments to identify its various characteristics.
Differential effect of Serratia protease on platelet surface glycoproteins Ib and V (1985)

The effect of a zinc metalloprotease from Serratia marcescens on platelet surface glycoproteins (GP) Ib and V was analyzed. Increasing protease treatments caused progressive loss of GP Ib with appearance of the major fragment, glycocalicin, in the supernatant solution. No GP V was detected in the supernatant solution, and protease-pretreated platelets had the same capacity as control platelets to release fragment 1 of GP V in response to thrombin. The Serratia protease- pretreated platelets did show the lag before thrombin-induced dense granule secretion, characteristic of platelets modified by pretreatment with other nonstimulating proteases. Treatment with Serratia protease gives the only demonstrated selective loss of GP Ib without apparent effect on GP V. It suggests that GP V (1) does not depend on GP Ib for its association with platelets and (2) is not the substrate for protease modification of platelet function.
THE CONFIGURATION OF GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES IN OLIGOSACCHARIDES: V. THE SUCROSE LINKAGE IN RAFFINOSE AND STACHYOSE (1957)

A direct chemical proof is provided for the occurrence of the sucrose linkage in raffinose and stachyose by isolation of sucrose, after selective removal of D-galactose units. The procedure used takes advantage of the fact that the D-galactopyranosyl residues contain a cis-α-glycol group which, in contrast to the trans glycol group of the other sugar residues, is rapidly attacked by ethanolic periodate. The resulting dialdehyde is alkali-labile and preferentially hydrolyzed with dilute base, the alkali-stable sucrose unit being released intact.
Hypothesis: Breast Cancer Regression under Oestrogen Therapy (1973)

Recent reports have thrown doubt on both of the major mechanisms which have been suggested for the regression of breast cancer under high-dosage oestrogen therapy-a direct effect on binding sites and an indirect inhibition of prolactin release. A searching review on the clinical response of 407 patients with advanced breast cancer treated by oestrogen therapy under my direction showed certain anomalies, including age determined tumour inhibition and stimulation, dose dependence of tumour inhibition and stimulation, differential site sensitivity, and tumour regression with oestrogen withdrawal. The hypothesis usually postulated to explain these anomalies is that the tumour may in the same individual be composed of multiple genetically distinct clones of cells. It is suggested instead that the effect of high-dosage oestrogen therapy in breast cancer may depend critically on the absolute and relative concentrations of prolactin and oestrogen actively available at the tumour. On this basis the clinical manifestation of tumour stimulation in response to oestrogen administration suggests that the oestrogen concentration at the target is inadequate. Differences in site sensitivity in the same patient may depend on tumoral factors such as the level of oestradiol and prolactin binding receptors in the tissue.