gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the anti-cancer efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents by cellular growth conditions (2010)

Mitotic spindle-disrupting agents target and disrupt microtubule dynamics. These agents include clinically important chemotherapies, including taxanes (paclitaxel (Taxol), docetaxel (Taxotere)) and vinca alkaloids (vincristine (Oncovin), vinblastine). Taxanes are a standard component of treatment for many malignancies, often in conjunction with other cytotoxic agents. However, the optimal sequencing of these treatments and whether efficacy may be influenced by in vitro cellular growth conditions remain incompletely investigated. Yet such preclinical investigations may guide clinical decision making. We therefore studied the effect of cell density on rapid killing by paclitaxel and vincristine. Breast, ovarian and prostate cancer cells were sensitive to rapid killing by either agent when grown at low density, but were markedly resistant when grown at high density, i.e. nearly confluent. The resistance of densely growing cells to rapid killing by these drugs translated to increased clonogenic survival. Pretreatment of densely growing cancer cells with cisplatin followed by paclitaxel, partially reversed the treatment resistance. Gene ontology associations from microarray analyses of cells grown at low and high density, suggested roles for membrane signal transduction and adhesion, but potentially also DNA damage repair and metabolism. Taken together, the treatment resistance at higher cell density may be associated with a lower proportion of active cycling in cells growing at high density as well as transduction of survival signals induced by increased cell-cell adhesion. Collectively these findings suggest mechanisms by which growth conditions may contribute to resistance to rapid killing by microtubule-disrupting drugs.
Adenovirus Transformation of Hamster Embryo Cells (1968)

Inoculation of hamster embryo cell cultures with human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) or simian adenovirus (SA7) resulted in the formation of foci of morphologically transformed cells within 12 days. The rapid appearance of well-defined foci was dependent upon the transfer of cells into new plates, with sufficient dilution after virus adsorption, and was independent of virus dose. Dose-response studies showed linearity of focus formation with dilution of Ad12 or SA7. Results averaged from several experiments show plaque-forming unit to focus-forming unit ratios of approximately 1.8 x 10(6) for Ad12 and 2.6 x 10(5) for SA7. Other experiments showed that most of the adenovirus involved in transformation was adsorbed by 3 hr. Cell lines derived from SA7 transformed cells produced tumors within 19 days when inoculated intradermally into young adult hamsters. Such cell-induced tumors histologically resembled SA7 virus-induced hamster tumors. Formation of tumors with SA7 transformed cells was inhibited by prior immunization of test animals with SA7 or Ad12 virus.
Transport and processing of endocytosed lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in cultured human skin fibroblasts (1986)

In the present study we have characterised the molecular products that arise from processing of a precursor form of alpha-glucosidase isolated from urine after endocytosis at 37 degrees C by cultured human skin fibroblasts. The urinary precursor (Mr 110 000) was processed to forms with Mr of 100 000, 80 000 and 74 000. These forms were approximately 4000 Da larger than the corresponding forms of endogenously synthesized alpha-glucosidase. Digestion of the different forms of the enzyme with endoglycosidase F showed that the differences in apparent molecular mass between the exogenous and corresponding endogenous forms were due to difference in glycosylation. Intracellular transport of endocytosed alpha-glucosidase was followed by incubating fibroblast homogenates with glycyl-L-phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide (Gly-Phe-NH-Nap), which leads to specific lysis of lysosomes. Transport to the lysosomes was a fast process: within 45 min after endocytosis more than 50% of the enzyme was present in the lysosome. The first step in the processing of endocytosed alpha-glucosidase started in a Gly-Phe-NH-Nap-insensitive (prelysosomal) compartment, but further processing of the enzyme to lower-Mr forms was coupled to transport to the lysosomes. Processing of alpha-glucosidase after uptake at 20 degrees C was also studied. At this temperature the enzyme accumulated in an organelle with a low buoyant density, presumably the endosome; this compartment appeared to be heterogeneous, ranging in density from 1.04 g/ml to 1.08 g/ml. Under these conditions only the first step in the processing of the enzyme occurred. It is concluded that endocytosed enzyme is processed more rapidly than endogenously synthesized enzyme owing to the fact that endocytosed enzyme is transported more rapidly to the lysosomes. Furthermore, processing may start in a prelysosomal organelle.
Über die Spaltung des Mesylesters von 2‐Methyl‐2‐oxymethyl‐cyclopentanon mit Basen (1952)

Abstract Der Mesylester von 2‐Methyl‐2‐oxymethyl‐cyclopentanon wurde hergestellt und mit anionoiden Reagentien umgesetzt. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass auf diese Weise unter Ringaufspaltung Verbindungen mit endständiger Doppelbindung erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SULFONIUM ANALOGS OF DOPAMINE: NONCLASSICAL DOPAMINE AGONISTS (1981)

Abstract Die Carbonsäure (I) wird zum Sulfoxid (III) und weiter über den Thioether (IV) zur Verbindung (V) umgesetzt, die zum Sulfoniumanalogen (VI) gespalten und alkyliert wird.
A 2.5Gb/s multi-rate 0.25μm CMOS CDR utilizing a hybrid analog/digital loop filter (2006)

A CDR comprises a Hogge detector and a 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> -order DeltaSigmaADC, and uses a hybrid analog/digital loop filter to enhance integration and allow bandwidth tuning over a wide range of data rates from 155Mb/s to 2.7Gb/s. The CDR exceeds SONET performance at relevant data rates and generates 1.2ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> jitter at 2.5Gb/s
Stress-induced leakage current in thin oxides under high-field impulse stressing (2002)

Stress-induced leakage current (SILC) decreases when the time-between-pulses (T/sub bp/) of an AC-pulse waveform is increased. The amount of SILC reduction generally decreases for the same increase in T/sub bp/, with increasing stress voltage magnitude and stress pulse width. A model developed to describe the trap generation and relaxation processes occurring during transient high-field stress from unipolar and bipolar pulse waveforms is presented in this paper.
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of tetranuclear square-type complexes of rhenium and manganese bearing pyrimidine-2-thiolate (pymS) ligands: versatile and efficient precursors for mono- and polynuclear compounds containing M(CO)3 (M = Re, Mn) fragments (2009)

Reactions of M(2)(CO)(10) (M = Re, Mn) with pyrimidine-2-thiol (pymSH) in the presence of Me(3)NO afford the tetranuclear square-type complexes [M(4)(CO)(12)(micro-kappa(3)-pymS)(4)] (, M = Re; , M = Mn). Both consist of four M(CO)(3) (M = Re, Mn) units, pairs of which are joined by tridentate pyrimidine-2-thiolate ligands. Treatment of with a variety of donor ligands results in cleavage of the square to afford mononuclear species with either a mono- or bidentate pyrimidine-2-thiolate ligand. Triphenylphosphine reacts with to give [Mn(CO)(3)(PPh(3))(kappa(2)-pymS)] () in which the pyrimidine-2-thiolate coordinates in a bidentate fashion. With diamines [M(CO)(3)(kappa(2)-L)(kappa(1)-pymS)] () (M = Re, Mn; L = 2,2'- bipy, 1,10-phen, en) result in which the pyrimidine-2-thiolate binds in a monodentate fashion through sulfur. With diphosphines, complexes with different stoichiometries and pyrimidine-2-thiolate binding modes are obtained depending on the nature of the metal and diphosphine. With dppm and dppe, gives [Re(CO)(2)(kappa(1)-pymS)(kappa(2)-dppm)] () and [Re(CO)(2)(kappa(2)-pymS)(kappa(1)-dppe)(2)] (), respectively, whereas affords [Mn(CO)(2)(kappa(2)-pymS)(kappa(1)-dppm)(2)] () and [Mn(CO)(2)(kappa(2)-pyS)(kappa(2)-dppe)] () under similar conditions. Reactions of with [Os(3)(CO)(10)(NCMe)(2)] affords mixed-metal butterfly clusters [MOs(3)(CO)(13)(micro(3)-kappa(2)-pymS)] () in which the group 7 metal occupies a wing-tip position and the pyrimidine-2-thiolate ligand caps a triangular Os(2)M face. With Ru(3)(CO)(12), carbon-sulfur bond cleavage occurs to give the tetranuclear clusters [MRu(3)(CO)(14)(micro(4)-S)(micro-kappa(1):eta(1)-pym)] () bearing both the extruded sulfur and the heterocyclic ring. The molecular structures of , and have been established by X-ray diffraction allowing the binding mode of the pyrimidine-2-thiolate ligands to be probed.
Body-effect nonlinearity in infrared focal plane array multiplexers (1994)

A hypothetical source-follower-per-detector multiplexer circuit is introduced. An analysis of its DC transfer function is presented, accounting for nonlinearity produced by the body-to-substrate bias. Calculated and measured transfer functions for an actual multiplexer are discussed. Effects of nonlinearity on nonuniformity-corrected infrared imaging are illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of high pulsed magnetic field using a low inductance surface switch (2009)

International audience
New insights into the stem cells and the precursors of the gastric epithelium. (1996)

It is believed that stomach neoplasia represents the end result of a multistep journey that starts with derangement of the cellular proliferation and commitment program of the epithelium. The epithelium is normally made up of a single layer of cells that invaginates to form numerous short pits continuous with long tubular glands divisible into isthmus, neck, and base regions. Three main cell lineages populate these pit-gland units: 1) mucus-secreting pit, 2) pepsinogen-secreting zymogenic, and 3) acid-secreting parietal cell lineages. The immature cells of the unit are located in the isthmus region; they include undifferentiated stem cells that undergo frequent asymmetric mitosis to reproduce themselves and give rise to two partially committed precursors: 1) prepit-cell precursors, which become prepit cells in the isthmus and then migrate outward into the pit and mature into pit cells, and 2) preneck cell precursors, which become preneck cells in the isthmus and then migrate inward to the neck region and transform into neck cells. The latter continue their inward migration and eventually reach the base region where they gradually change their phenotype through a prezymogenic step to become zymogenic cells. The stem cells, as well as the prepit and preneck cell precursors, share in the production of preparietal cells that, in the isthmus, mature into parietal cells and then migrate outward into the pit or inward into the neck and base. The stem cells also give rise to preenteroendocrine and precaveolated cells. These become, respectively, enteroendocrine and caveolated cells that proceed to follow the bidirectional migratory route of parietal cells. The production of rare nonproliferating preparietal cells is enhanced after blocking the secretory activity of their mature forms by continuous infusion of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine, for 42 h. Thus, the presence of active mature parietal cells is necessary to maintain the normal cellular proliferation and commitment program in the gastric epithelium.
Innate Immunity to Mouse Cytomegalovirus (2008)

Innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens, plays an essential role in the initial phase of viral infection, before expansion, clonal selection, and differentiation of antigen-specific Tand B-cells occur. The innate immune system comprises cellular and humoral components. Among cellular components, major players in the innate immune response are macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells ( 1 ). Macrophages express an enormous phagocytic capacity, which makes them important for the clearance of infected cells as well as for the initiation of the innate immune response ( 2 ). DCs, major antigen presenting cells, are essential for the activation of NK cells as well as for Tand B-lymphocytes that lead to the final clearance of viral antigens ( 3 ). The rapid activation of NK cells and their recruitment to the sites of infection define their central position in the innate immunity. The antiviral functions of NK cells are mediated either through direct lysis of infected cells or the secretion of antiviral cytokines like IFN-γ and TNF-α ( 4 ). NK cells also play a role in the regulation of specific immune response thus linking innate and adaptive immunity ( 5 ). The cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are members of the β-herpesvirinae subfamily of the herpesviridae. Primary human CMV (HCMV) infection usually passes asymptomatically due to the effective host’s immune response. Yet, in spite of the fully primed immune response, the virus is able to establish a lifelong latency from which the reactivation may occur whenever the immune response is compromised. In contrast to immunocompetent hosts, HCMV infection of immunodeficient individuals may induce severe illness and high mortality ( 6 ). Moreover, one of the most common viral congenital infections in humans is caused by HCMV, frequently resulting in developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system and severe neurological impairments ( 6 , 7 ). The species specificity of HCMV precludes the studies of the pathogenesis of HCMV infection in animal hosts. Therefore, animal CMVs, particularly mouse CMV (MCMV), have been the most commonly used models to study the CMV infection and pathogenesis ( 8 ). Cellular immunity is indispensable for the control of primary MCMV infection and for the establishment and maintenance of latency ( 9 ), whereas specific antibodies prevent the spread of the virus after reactivation ( 10 ). During the co-evolution with their hosts CMVs have developed multiple strategies to compromise or evade the immune response ( 11 ). However, as pointed above, mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity can overcome these viral immunomodulations and successfully control the infection. This game of hide-and-seek prompts further research, which could lead to a better understanding of the importance of NK cells and other components of innate immunity to CMV infection as well as the role of viral immunoevasins in their modulation.
Effect of Graft Selection on the Incidence of Postoperative Infection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2009)

Hamstring tendon autografts have a higher incidence of infection than BPTB autografts or allografts. The use of allograft material in ACL reconstructions does not increase the risk of infection or the need for graft removal with infection.
Structures of zeylenol and zeylena, constituents of Uvaria zeylanica (Annonaceae) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of zeylenol and zeylena, constituents of Uvaria zeylanica (Annonaceae)Shivanand D. Jolad, Joseph J. Hoffmann, Karl H. Schram, Jack R. Cole, Michael S. Tempesta, and Robert B. BatesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 21, 4267–4272Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00334a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (706 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Near-Boom Oil-Slick Instability Criterion in Viscous Flows and the Influence of Free-Surface Boundary Conditions (1997)

Booms are often used to contain oil spills prior to various oil removal techniques. Under certain conditions, the oil droplets can leave the oil slick and enter the water. A simple balance of hydrodynamic forces on a droplet results in an instability criterion which determines whether the droplet will be swept past the boom or not. For viscous flows, it is shown here that the instability criterion consists of a term proportional to the pressure gradient along the boom, as in the potential-flow case, and a term that is inversely proportional to the Reynolds number, although the magnitude of this new term is found to be very small. The solution of viscous flow past an oil boom is obtained using the fractional-step method in a curvilinear coordinate system and the instability criterion is estimated. The influence of the approximate free-surface conditions, such as the rigid-lid no-slip, rigid-lid free-slip, and the exact free-surface condition, the instability criterion is also investigated. The different approximations of free-surface conditions are shown to influence the pressure distributions, thus resulting in different neutral stability curves.
Street-Specific Handover Optimization for Vehicular Terminals in Future Cellular Networks (2013)

Modern vehicles will have strong requirements with regard to seamless mobility support in future cellular systems, in order to enable advanced cooperative driver assistance and infotainment systems that guarantee traffic safety and efficiency. In this work, we introduce street-specific handover parameters for vehicular terminals. In particular, we propose an adaptive optimization algorithm that exploits vehicle context information in order to tune the handover parameters. Simulation results confirm that the proposed concept has the potential to improve handover performance significantly.
The Use of Collagen‐GAG Membranes in Reconstructive Surgery (1999)

Porous collagen-glycosaminoglycan (PCG) membranes with a porous silicone elastomer coating have been useful as a scaffold for dermal replacement in burn victims. Critical physicochemical parameters of these membranes include pore size, cross-link density, the percentage of glycosaminoglycan, and the degree of banding of the collagen. These factors govern the immunobiological response. Optimizing these parameters can reduce inflammation, scarring, and contraction of wounds grafted with PCG membranes. PCG membranes are currently commercially manufactured (Integra, Integra Life Sciences, New Jersey) and available for clinical use. Because clinical outcomes have improved using these membranes for burn wound coverage, other skin reconstruction problems including scar resurfacing, keloids, treatment of donor sites, and treatment of chronic wounds can be considered as potential applications. This manuscript illustrates our early experience using Integra as a CG membrane for dermal replacement in reconstructive surgery. Our results indicate that CG membranes can lead to improved compliance and appearance compared to a meshed graft and may be sequentially placed in multiple layers to correct contour deformities. Also, in one case, we observed that, if placed on a wound bed with embedded skin epithelial cells, the PCG promotes epithelialization through the PCG matrix. The use of this material results in a supple integument with many similarities to normal skin.
Oxidative Reactions of Hydrazines. II. Isophthalimides. New Protective Groups on Nitrogen<sup>1,2</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative Reactions of Hydrazines. II. Isophthalimides. New Protective Groups on Nitrogen1,2Louis A. CarpinoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 98–101Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01558a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1075Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Biphasic Transcriptional Host Response Associated with Coevolution of Hemagglutinin Quasispecies of Influenza A Virus (2016)

Severe influenza associated with strong symptoms and lung inflammation can be caused by intra-host evolution of quasispecies with aspartic acid or glycine in hemagglutinin position 222 (HA-222D/G; H1 numbering). To gain insights into the dynamics of host response to this coevolution and to identify key mechanisms contributing to copathogenesis, the lung transcriptional response of BALB/c mice infected with an A(H1N1)pdm09 isolate consisting HA-222D/G quasispecies was analyzed from days 1 to 12 post infection (p.i). At day 2 p.i. 968 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. The DEG number declined to 359 at day 4 and reached 1001 at day 7 p.i. prior to recovery. Interestingly, a biphasic expression profile was shown for the majority of these genes. Cytokine assays confirmed these results on protein level exemplarily for two key inflammatory cytokines, interferon gamma and interleukin 6. Using a reverse engineering strategy, a regulatory network was inferred to hypothetically explain the biphasic pattern for selected DEGs. Known regulatory interactions were extracted by Pathway Studio 9.0 and integrated during network inference. The hypothetic gene regulatory network revealed a positive feedback loop of Ifng, Stat1, and Tlr3 gene signaling that was triggered by the HA-G222 variant and correlated with a clinical symptom score indicating disease severity.