gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HAZARDS SUMMARY REPORT ON THE TRANSIENT REACTOR TEST FACILITY (TREAT) (1958)

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Effect of herd prevalence on heritability estimates of antibody response to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (2011)

Worldwide, classical control strategies based on hygiene and culling of infected animals have been implemented to eradicate Johne's disease. Breeding for disease resistance may be a useful additional tool to control the disease. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the presence of a Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis specific antibody response in milk of Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows using subsets of data based on within-herd test prevalence. The analyzed data set consisted of milk samples of 684,364 animals from 12,077 herds collected during the routine milk production scheme. Milk samples were tested for antibodies specific for Johne's disease by an ELISA test. Heritability estimates were calculated for 4 different subsets of data to determine the sensitivity of heritability for within-herd test prevalence. Results expressed as percentage of the sample to positive ratio were analyzed with a sire-maternal grandsire model with fixed effects for parity, year of birth, lactation stage, and herd; a covariate for milk yield at test day; and random effects for sire, maternal grandsire, and error. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.031 for the complete data set to 0.097 for herds with a test prevalence of at least 10%. Cross-validation was applied to determine which of the subsets of data produced the most accurate estimated breeding values. Results showed that for genetic selection to contribute to disease control, breeding values were estimated most accurately from herds with at least 2 animals that tested positive. In this subset the heritability was 0.041.
Practical and general synthesis of 5′-adenylated RNA (5′-AppRNA) (2004)

A simple strategy is reported for 5'-adenylation of nearly any RNA sequence of indefinite length. The 5'-adenylated product (5'-AppRNA) is an activated RNA that is structurally similar to 5'-triphosphorylated RNA, which is usually prepared by in vitro transcription using T7 RNA polymerase. In the new 5'-adenylation strategy, the RNA substrate is first 5'-monophosphorylated either by T4 polynucleotide kinase, by in vitro transcription in the presence of excess GMP, or by appropriate derivatization during solid-phase synthesis. The RNA is then 5'-adenylated using ATP and T4 RNA ligase, in an interrupted version of the natural adenylation-ligation mechanism by which T4 RNA ligase joins two RNA substrates. Here, the final ligation step of the mechanism is inhibited with complementary DNA blocking oligonucleotide(s) that permit adenylation to occur with good yield. The 5'-AppRNA products of this approach should be valuable as activated RNAs for in vitro selection experiments as an alternative to 5'-triphosphorylated RNAs, among other likely applications. The 5'-terminal nucleotide of an RNA substrate to be adenylated using the new method is not restricted to guanosine, in contrast to 5'-triphosphorylated RNA prepared by in vitro transcription. Therefore, using the new approach, essentially any RNA obtained from solid-phase synthesis or other means can be activated by 5'-adenylation in a practical manner.
Photochemical Oxygen-Hydrogen Reaction at 1849 A (1956)

The photochemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen was studied at atmospheric pressure in a flowing system using the 1849.6 A mercury resonance line as a light source. The yields of hydrogen peroxide, water and ozone were determined. The results obtained in this work above the convergence limit of the oxygen molecule absorption spectrum are in agreement with those obtained in other studies below the convergence limit. The predissociation of oxygen molecules to form oxygen atoms as the primary process following light absorption is shown to be the only reaction of optically excited oxygen. The mechanisms used to explain the formation of products, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and water, are compatible with well-known reactions in various oxygen-hydrogen systems.
Synthesis of Imidazol(1,5-a)indole-1,3-diones from Imidazolidene-2,4-diones (2007)

Copper and tributyltin hydride catalysed cyclization, through the N-aryl bond formation, of imidazolidine-2,4-diones (11–16,18) yielded imidazo[1,5-a]indole-1,3-diones (5–10) in high yields (72–100%). The ease of cyclization was found to be consistent with the normal halogen reactivity and the type of substituents. The highly substituted imidazole-2,4-dione 15 gave brominated 19 and tin incorporated heterocycles 20 when treated with copper bromide and tributyltin hydride, respectively.
Reduced Ammonia Emissions from Slurry after Self-Acidification with Organic Supplements (2002)

Ammonia volatilisation from field applied slurries causes environmental hazards and loss of fertilizer value. Acidification of slurry, usually with inorganic or organic acids has previously been used to reduce NH3 emissions. In this study, we present an alternative technique for the acidification of slurry, namely the use of fermentation by endogenous microbes to form organic acids from readily degradable organic compounds. In laboratory experiments, the addition of different sugars (sucrose in dosages of 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mol l(-1), glucose in dosages of 0.05 and 0.1 mol l(-1)) and organic residues (sugar beet residues in dosages of 33 and 330 g fresh weight l(-1), biowaste at 50 g fresh weight l(-1)) to cattle slurry resulted in a considerable decrease in pH, with a minimum pH of 4.7. A subsequent pH increase indicated that the organic acids were probably further degraded with a resultant loss of acidity in the slurry. In a field study, the NH3 emissions from untreated and acidified (pH = 6) slurries were compared after field application (20 m3 ha(-1)). During the first 20 hours, the acidified slurry showed NH3 emissions of less than 5% of the applied ammonia compared to a 26% loss from the untreated slurry. The total emissions of NH4+-N were 32% for acidified and 54% for untreated slurry. Easily degradable organic amendments therefore have the potential to effectively reduce NH3 emissions from slurries and may be an alternative for the use of acids.
The Spillover Effect of FDI on the Manufacturing Industry in China (2011)

Foreign direct investment (FDI), as a form of international capital flows, plays an important role in the process of economic globalization. During recent years, the scale of FDI increased rapidly all over the world, and the multinational enterprises (MNEs) has become its main carrier. Although majority of FDI flow into the developed countries, China has become one of the most ideal destinations for global capitals year by year, especially for its manufacturing industry. So this study is going to analyze the impact of FDI on the manufacturing industry in China. The researcher selects the positivism research philosophy and the deduction research approach to carry on this study. And the secondary quantitative data is used to conduct the descriptive study and the regression analysis. The research result shows that both industrial and regional distributions of FDI in China are unbalanced now. Most foreign capitals are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas of China, and more than half of them are invested in the manufacturing industry. FDI could promote the performance of domestic enterprises in China. In addition, the FDI from foreign developed countries has a significant and positive spillover effect for both state and non-state owned companies in China. While the FDI from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is proved to have a positive spillover effect on non-state owned firms, but it has a negative spillover effect on the state owned enterprises in the manufacturing industry in China. Key words: FDI; Spillover effect; Manufacturing industry; State owned enterprises; Non-state owned enterprises
High performance liquid chromatography analysis of macrolide antibiotic residues in animal derived food (2007)

The methods and recent development for high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis of macrolide antibiotic residues in animal derived food have been reviewed.The characteristic and applicability of experiment conditions of extraction,clean up,separation and detection of macrolide antibiotics from animal derived food were summarized,and compared and discussed.
A Compatible High Fidelity TV Standard for Satellite Broadcasting (1982)

Direct broadcasting of television to the home from the satellite will be a reality by the middle of this decade in Europe. In the United States of America, satellite plans are not yet fixed and a number of proposals have been made including the use of High Definition Television, with higher numbers of lines and requiring a much wider bandwidth than that for existing television systems. In the USA therefore, the options for Satellite Broadcasting are still wide open. But what is the position in Europe, and are ideas now developing in Europe applicable to the USA?
Future memory technology: challenges and opportunities (2008)

Future memory technologies are assessed in views of challenges and opportunities. The challenges which future memory confronts with are not just from technical challenges, but from techno-economical issues which become much critical. In this study, two most important memories: DRAM and NAND flash will be discussed in respects of challenges and opportunities and PRAM will be discussed as one of the important new emerging non-volatile random access memories (RAM).
Synthesis of Temperature-Responsive Dextran-MA/PNIPAAm Particles for Controlled Drug Delivery Using Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2011)

The proposed method permitted the preparation of smart hydrogel particles in one step with almost 100% encapsulation yield. The temperature-sensitive release profiles suggest that the obtained spherical-shaped biomaterials are suitable as protein carriers. These stimuli-responsive beads could have potential to be used in pharmaceutical or other biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
One-pot, four-component synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles catalyzed by sodium benzoate in aqueous medium (2013)

An efficient, green, and facile four-component reaction for the preparation of pyrano[2,3c]pyrazole derivatives through the condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine in the presence of commercially available organocatalyst sodium benzoate under aqueous condition is reported. The products are produced with high yields and in shorter reaction times. It also is mild, safe, green and environmental friendly.
Characterization of Rhodamine 6G Aggregates Intercalated in Solid Thin Films of Laponite Clay. 1. Absorption Spectroscopy (2004)

The aggregation process of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) laser dye intercalated in supported thin films of Laponite clay (Lap) is analyzed by means of electronic absorption spectroscopy. Two procedures are proposed to express the analytical dye concentration of the solid samples with respect to a reference-diluted dye film by means of a normalization-concentration factor. From the evolution of the concentration-normalized absorption spectra with the concentration factor, analyzed by means of a nonlinear least-squares fitting equation obtained from the mass law, the absorption characteristics and the aggregation constant of the dimer of R6G in Lap films were evaluated in moderate dye/clay loadings (1−25% of the total cation exchangeable capacity, CEC, of Lap clay). An oblique head-to-tail dimer was characterized by applying the exciton theory with an intermonomeric distance of around 9.5 Å and a torsion angle between the long molecular axis units of around 105°. This dimer contrasts with the twisted sandwich-type dimer of R6G previously observed in Lap particles in aqueous suspensions, probably because the limitation of the interlayer space in solid samples does not allow sandwich-type aggregates with a parallel disposition of the aromatic ring into the clay surface. A higher-order aggregate of R6G is observed in high loading samples (>25% CEC).
Role of phosphodiesterase II in cross talk between cGMP and cAMP in human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cells (1996)

Cyclic nucleotides levels and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities were measured in human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cells possessing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors of the A type and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-preferring receptors. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) degradation were interrelated since the increase in cGMP, induced by ANP-(99-126), stimulated the hydrolysis of cAMP by PDE isoenzyme II. In intact NB-OK-1 cells, the levels of cAMP and cGMP attained in the presence of, respectively, 1 nM PACAP-(1-27) and 10 nM ANP-(99-126), and in the absence or presence of PDE inhibitors, strongly suggested that cAMP hydrolysis was mainly achieved by isoenzyme IV, and to a lesser extent by isoenzymes I, II, and III, while cGMP was degraded by isoenzymes I, II, III, and V. More than one-half of total cAMP- and cGMP-hydrolyzing activities was present in the membrane-bound fraction. Cyclic nucleotide PDE activities separated by anion-exchange chromatography showed that isoenzymes III and IV were mainly present in the membrane fraction, while isoenzymes I, II, and V were in the cytosolic fraction.
Korean Stage Dance as a New Trend in Kazakhstan Choreography (2016)

uninvestigated topic The Korean stage dance is a new trend in Kazakhstan makes us constantly face the problem of the choreography status at modern stage in the context of Kazakhstan choreography. solution of these problems will provide an integral view on the Korean dance origin on the territory of the Kazakhstan Republic. In the article suggested, the authors made an attempt to study the history pages of Korean stage dance formation and development in the State Republican Korean Theatre of Musical Comedy - the first Korean national theatre on the territory of Kazakhstan.
Non-Rayleigh statistics of ultrasonic backscattered signals (1994)

The statistics of the envelope of the backscattered signal from tissues have been known to vary from the well-known Rayleigh model. The K-distribution is used to model this non-Rayleigh behavior, since the generalized K-distribution encompasses a wide range of distributions like Rayleigh, Lognormal, and Rician. Computer simulations were conducted using a simple one-dimensional discrete scattering model to investigate the properties of the echo envelope. Significant departures from Rayleigh statistics were seen as the scattering cross sections of the scatterers became random. The validity of this model was also tested using data from tissue mimicking phantoms. Results indicate that the density function of the envelope can be modeled by the K-distribution and the parameters of the K-distribution can provide information on the nature of the scattering region in terms of the number as well as the scattering cross sections of the scatterers.
Dehazing in HSI Color Space with Color Correction (2013)

Median Dark Channel Prior를 이용하여 안개를 제거하는 방법은 비교적 빠르고 정확한 전달량 맵을 만들어 안개를 제거한다. 그러나 기존의 안개 제거 알고리즘은 RGB 색 공간에서 수행되기 때문에 색상의 왜곡 오류가 생긴다. 본 논문에서는 HSI 색 공간에서 안개 영상의 색상의 정확도를 측정하여 색상의 왜곡을 보정하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 제안된 방법은 기존 방법으로 안개 제거 시 색상이 왜곡 되는 현상을 현저히 감소시켰다. The haze removal algorithm using median dark channel prior is an efficient and fast method with relatively accurate transmission estimation. However, conventional methods may produce color distortion since the method ignores the color mismatch between estimated airlight and actual airlight. In this paper, we propose a color correction with measuring color fidelity in the HSI color space. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gives better color correction scheme.
Flow Cytometric Investigation of Filamentation, Membrane Patency, and Membrane Potential in <i>Escherichia coli</i> following Ciprofloxacin Exposure (2000)

Ninety-eight percent of the cells in a population of Escherichia coli in log-phase growth lost colony-forming ability after being exposed for 3 h to the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin at four times the MIC in nutrient broth, a concentration easily reached in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis, however, demonstrated that only 68% of this bacterial population had lost membrane potential, as judged by the membrane potential-sensitive dye bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol [DiBAC(4)(3)], and only 30% could no longer exclude the nucleic acid-binding dye propidium iodide (PI), reflecting lost membrane integrity, efflux mechanisms, or both. Subsequent removal of ciprofloxacin and resuspension in nutrient broth resulted in renewed cell division after 2 h, with a calculated postantibiotic effect (PAE) time of 57 min. The proportion of DiBAC- and PI-fluorescent cells in this recovering population remained stable for more than 4 h after antibiotic removal. Eighty percent of cells present at drug removal were filamentous. Their number subsequently decreased with time, and the increase in particle count seen at the end of the PAE resulted from the division of short cells. Exposure to ciprofloxacin in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol increased colony-forming ability to 60% of starting population numbers. In contrast to ciprofloxacin alone, this antibiotic combination resulted in insignificant filamentation and no dye uptake. Subsequent drug removal and resuspension in nutrient broth resulted in the appearance of filaments within 1 h, with 69% of the population forming filaments at 3 h. Dye uptake was also seen, with 20% of the population fluorescing with either dye after 4 h. We were unable to relate dye uptake to the viable count. Cell division resumed 240 min after removal of both drugs, yielding a PAE calculated at 186 min. Inhibition of protein synthesis with chloramphenicol prevented ciprofloxacin-induced changes in bacterial morphology, cell membrane potential, and ability to exclude nucleic acid-binding dye. These changes persisted beyond the end of the classically defined PAE and were not a definite indicator of cell death as defined by loss of colony formation, which related at least in part to filamentation.
Catalytic Performance of Several Metallic Oxides on The Elimination Reactions of NO. (1997)

Catalytic performance of several metallic oxides, i.e., Al2O3, Cu2O, CuO, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Mn02, Ni2O3 and V205, and some of their partially-reduced samplesto the elimination reaction of NO in NO-CO-CO2-N2 and NO-N2 systemswere examined using a flow-type reactor. The catalytic mechanism in the presentcondition was also discussed.The experimental results show that most of the metallic oxide samplesgive a catalytic effect on NO/CO reaction with different extent. Fe2O3, CuO, Ni2O3 and Cr2O3 show large catalytic activities, while those of Cu2O, MnO2 and Al2O3 are quite small. Further, it was found that the pre-reduced Ni2O3 samplealso showed remarkable catalytic activity for direct decomposition of NO.
Focal Loss based Residual Convolutional Neural Network for Speech Emotion Recognition (2019)

This paper proposes a Residual Convolutional Neural Network (ResNet) based on speech features and trained under Focal Loss to recognize emotion in speech. Speech features such as Spectrogram and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) have shown the ability to characterize emotion better than just plain text. Further Focal Loss, first used in One-Stage Object Detectors, has shown the ability to focus the training process more towards hard-examples and down-weight the loss assigned to well-classified examples, thus preventing the model from being overwhelmed by easily classifiable examples.
Tracking faces (2002)

Robust tracking and segmentation of faces is a prerequisite for face analysis and recognition. In this paper we describe an approach to this problem which is well suited to surveillance applications with poorly constrained viewing conditions. It integrates motion-based tracking with model based face detection to produce segmented face sequences from complex scenes containing several people. The motion of moving image contours was estimated using temporal convolution and a temporally consistent list of moving objects was maintained. Objects were tracked using Kalman filters. Faces were detected using a neural network. The essence of the system is that the motion tracker is able to focus attention for a face detection network whilst the latter is used to aid the tracking process.
Management of Sexual Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Taking Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy (2007)

Treatment with aromatase inhibitors for postmenopausal women with breast cancer has been shown to reduce or obviate invasive procedures such as hysteroscopy or curettage associated with tamoxifen-induced endometrial abnormalities. The side effect of upfront aromatase inhibitors, diminished estrogen synthesis, is similar to that seen with the natural events of aging. The consequences often include vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes) and vaginal dryness and atrophy, which in turn may result in cystitis and vaginitis. Not surprisingly, painful intercourse (dyspareunia) and loss of sexual interest (decreased libido) frequently occur as well. Various interventions, both non-hormonal and hormonal, are currently available to manage these problems. The purpose of the present review is to provide the practitioner with a wide array of management options to assist in treating the sexual consequences of aromatase inhibitors. The suggestions in this review are based on recent literature and on the recommendations set forth both by the North American Menopause Association and in the clinical practice guidelines of the Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians of Canada. The complexity of female sexual dysfunction necessitates a biopsychosocial approach to assessment and management alike, with interventions ranging from education and lifestyle changes to sexual counselling, pelvic floor therapies, sexual aids, medications, and dietary supplements-all of which have been reported to have a variable, but often successful, effect on symptom amelioration. Although the use of specific hormone replacement-most commonly local estrogen, and less commonly, systemic estrogen with or without an androgen, progesterone, or the additional of an androgen in an estrogenized woman (or a combination)-may be highly effective, the concern remains that in patients with estrogen-dependent breast cancer, including those receiving anti-estrogenic adjuvant therapies, the use of these hormones may be attended with potential risk. Therefore, non-hormonal alternatives should in all cases be initially tried with the expectation that symptomatic relief can often be achieved.First-line therapy for urogenital symptoms, notably vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, should be the non-hormonal group of preparations such as moisturizers and precoital vaginal lubricants. In patients with estrogen-dependent breast cancer (notably those receiving anti-estrogenic adjuvant therapies) and severely symptomatic vaginal atrophy that fails to respond to non-hormonal options, menopausal hormone replacement or prescription vaginal estrogen therapy may considered. Systemic estrogen may be associated with risk and thus is best avoided. Judicious use of hormones may be appropriate in the well-informed patient who gives informed consent, but given the potential risk, these agents should be prescribed only after mutual agreement of the patient and her oncologist.