gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plexar Imaging Entrepreneurship in the CT Industry (2012)

Radiation exposure in medical imaging has become a major concern all around the world.Specifically, CT scanners carry the highest risk of a high dose of radiation, delivering hundreds of times more radiation than that of a single X-ray image.Studies have shown a direct relation between CT scans, the chance of getting cancer, and mortality rates.The contradicting problem is that lowering the radiation dose causes inferior image quality, which may result in rescan or a misdiagnosis.Plexar Imaging, a startup situated in Cleveland, has found an innovative way to reduce unnecessary exposure to radiation in CT scans, by quantifying the lowest dose that will produce acceptable image quality, as determined by the radiologists in a hospital system.The product of a CT scan is a set of images.The requirement is that the radiologist can make the right diagnosis from those images.With a universal metric based on image quality and a method to calibrate any CT scanner to that metric, PI has developed a way to make sure the desired IQ will be achieved while using only the least amount of radiation that is necessary.The use of IQ as the measurement unit will help standardize the radiation dosage in CT scans, and will provide, for the first time, a common scale technologists and radiologist can use to communicate with each other.
CORRESPONDENCE ON MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN GASWORKS CONSTRUCTION AND PRACTICE. (1918)

Keywords DEVELOPMENT, GASWORKS, CONSTRUCTION, PRACTICE, GAS, POWER, ENERGY, CAPITAL, EXPENDITURE, HOT, COKE, CONVEYORS, TELPHERS, RETORTS, OIL, WASHING, VERTICAL, STEEL, FRAMES, RECOVERY, BENZOL, CARBONISATION, COAL, HANDLING, ECONOMICS... Show All
The design of highly linear broadband power amplifiers (1991)

The use of the feedforward technique to linearise high-power amplifiers is described, with particular reference to its use in cellular radio base station applications. The feedforward technique is, however, applicable to a wide variety of applications requiring high degrees of linearity and broad bandwidth operation. Measurements on a practical system are presented to illustrate the exceptional levels of performance which can be achieved with this kind of system.
Solid-state reaction and structure in compositionally modulated zirconium-nickel and titanium-nickel films (1986)

Structure and solid-state formation of amorphous alloys have been studied in sputter-deposited zirconium-nickel and titanium-nickel multilayered samples. The as-deposited samples in both systems had an amorphous structure at very small composition-modulation wavelengths (<5 atomic planes of each constituent per layer), and a textured polycrystalline structure at a composition modulation wavelength of 200 atomic planes of each constituent per layer. Intermediate composition-modulation wavelength samples showed differences between the two systems with titanium-nickel samples showing structural coherence in the growth direction. Anneals produced amorphous phase growth in zirconium-nickel multilayered samples for all composition-modulation wavelengths. Amorphous phase growth was also observed in the titanium-nickel sample with a composition-modulation wavelength of 200 atomic planes per layer. The intermediate composition-modulation wavelength titanium-nickel samples which showed structural coherence did not react to form an amorphous phase. This attributed to the lack of an incoherent or disordered interfacial layer to act as a nucleus for amorphous phase growth. The kinetics of the amorphous phase growth process extracted by monitoring resistivity during the anneals revealed that growth followed a square-root-of-time law indicative of diffusion-limited layer growth process. Arrhenius plots of the reaction rate gave activation energies between 1.3 and 1.7 eV. A simple predictive scheme based on the thermodynamic driving force and relative atomic volumes is proposed for indicating whether a solid-state reaction will produce an amorphous phase.
Refractive-index distribution within the crystalline lens of the rock bass and its variation with age (1990)

It has been postulated that the refractive- index distribution within the crystalline lens of the eye of the fish contains a core of constant refractive index. However, Campbell and Sands have shown that this would be inconsistent with the excellent image quality of the lens in the eye of a visual species of fish.
<i>Informational Paper</i>: Oral Reconstructive and Corrective Considerations in Periodontal Therapy (2005)

This paper was prepared by the Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. It is intended to provide information for the dental profession and other interested parties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of oral reconstructive and corrective procedures used in periodontal therapy. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of this subject.
Surveillance of neo-squamous epithelium after ablation of Barrett’s esophagus: is it better to use jumbo over standard biopsy forceps? (2020)

Use of jumbo forceps does not appear to have added advantage over standard forceps to obtain adequate biopsy specimens from the neo-squamous mucosa post-ablation.
C5a modulation of interleukin‐1<i>β</i>‐induced interleukin‐6 production by human osteoblast‐like cells (2000)

Periodontal bone resorption is controlled by osteoblast products, including interleukin (IL)-6, which are stimulated by other cytokines and complement components in the pro-inflammatory milieu. This study demonstrated that human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) responded to human recombinant (hr) C5a by releasing significant amounts of the bone-resorbing cytokine IL-6. C5a-induced release of IL-6 was enhanced 330% when cells were exposed to IL-1beta prior to C5a challenge at optimal concentrations (1.0 microg/ml C5a, 0.1 ng/ml IL-1beta). Cells simultaneously challenged with these concentrations of C5a and IL-1beta produced a 700% increase in IL-6 release relative to cells challenged with IL-1beta alone. Incubation of IL-1beta-treated cells with anti-human C5a receptor (C5aR) Ab resulted in a 78% suppression of the C5a-induced release of IL-6, but C5aR neutralization did not affect C5a/IL-1beta co-stimulation of IL-6. In addition, neither IL-1beta nor C5a significantly altered the other's cell-surface receptor relative to binding affinity or density. These results indicate that while MG-63 cells express functional C5aRs, the synergistic effect of C5a and IL-1beta on osteoblast IL-6 production is probably controlled by post-receptor signaling events. C5a agonists and antagonist used to alter critical C5a concentrations may present a new point of therapeutic intervention for the treatment of inflammatory bone resorption such as is found in periodontitis.
Impact transition temperatures and polymer densities (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImpact transition temperatures and polymer densitiesWitold Brostow and M. Antonieta MacipCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 6, 2761–2766Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00196a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00196a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flanking DNA-sequences contribute to the specific binding of cl-repressor and O<sub>R</sub>I (1989)

The binding of cI-repressor to a series of mutant operators containing OR1 of the right operator of bacteriophage lambda was investigated. Sites OR2 and/or OR3 were inactivated by either point or deletion mutations. The free energy of binding repressor to OR1 in the wildtype operator, delta G1, is -13.7 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol. delta G1 determined for an OR2- operator created by a single point mutation in OR2 is -13.6 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol. In contrast, delta G1 for the binding of repressor to a cloned synthetic OR1 operator containing only 24 bp of lambda sequence is -12.2 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol. When sequence 5' to OR1 is present, the binding affinity increases to -13.0 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol. In addition, the proximity of OR1 to a fragment-end decreases delta G1 from -13.7 to -12.3 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol. These results suggest that the DNA sequence outside the 17 bp OR1 binding-site contributes to the specific binding of cI-repressor.
Studies in Stereochemistry. XIV. Differences in the Reactivity of Diastereomerically Related Alkyl Halides and Sulfonates in the Sn2 and E<sub>2</sub> Reactions (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Stereochemistry. XIV. Differences in the Reactivity of Diastereomerically Related Alkyl Halides and Sulfonates in the Sn2 and E2 ReactionsDonald J. Cram and Fathy Ahmed Abd ElhafezCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 23, 5851–5859Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01143a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AnnoScape (2014)

We introduce AnnoScape, a remote collaboration system that allows users to overlay live video of the physical desktop image on a shared 3D virtual workspace to support individual and collaborative review of 2D and 3D content using hand gestures and real ink. The AnnoScape system enables distributed users to visually navigate the shared 3D virtual workspace individually or jointly by moving tangible handles; simultaneously snap into a shared viewpoint and generate a live video overlay of freehand annotations from the desktop surface onto the system's virtual viewports which can be placed spatially in the 3D data space. Finally, we present results of our preliminary user study and discuss design issues and AnnoScape's potential to facilitate effective communication during remote 3D data reviews.
Chemical Interaction of S35-6-Mercaptopurine and Ribonucleic Acids. (1961)

These data indicate that 6-mercaptopurine can combine with ribonucleic acid both in vitro and in vivo. Binding is enhanced by added metals and the combination is stable to ribonucleic acid isolation procedures.
Development of a slow non‐viral DNA release system from P<sub>DL</sub>LA scaffolds fabricated using a supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> technique (2007)

Polyamidoamine polymers (PAA) comprising methylene-bisacrylamide/dimethylethylene-diamine monomers were synthesized, complexed with DNA and incorporated into porous P(DL)LA scaffolds by using a supercritical CO(2) (scCO(2)) technique. Scaffolds were made in a dry state consequently there was a need to lyophilize the complexes. A statistically significant reduction of the transfection efficiency was observed in the absence of trehalose when compared to the original complex after freeze-drying. Increasing concentrations (0-10% w/v) of trehalose were added to the complex prior to freeze-drying. Structure dependent differences in DNA binding were evaluated by gel electrophoresis and thermal transition analysis. TEM and PCS showed aggregate formation after freeze-drying without trehalose. Scaffolds were characterized by pore sizes of 173 +/- 73 microm and a porosity of 71%. The transfection potential of the released DNA was investigated by seeding scaffolds with A549 cells and following firefly luciferase as a marker gene after 48 h exposure. Low but continuous levels of transfection were observed for PAA complexes during a 60-day study. Complexes made with Lipofectaminetrade mark gave initially higher levels of DNA release but no further expression was seen after 40 days. Uncomplexed DNA showed background levels of transfection. Culturing cells on 3D scaffolds showed a benefit in retention of transfection activity with time compared to 2D controls. Transfection levels could be increased when cells were grown in OptiMEM. This study demonstrated that PAA/DNA complexes incorporated into a P(DL)LA scaffold made by using scCO(2) processing exhibited a slow release and extended gene expression profile.
Optimal acknowledgment pace for maximum throughput over asymmetric satellite links (2005)

The acknowledgment (ACK) strategy of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the features that have been modified to improve its performance in asymmetric networks. It has been modified to allow the data-receiver to delay the ACKs for a configurable period of time that is related to its estimate of the round-trip time (RTT). Either a general relationship between optimal ACK frequency and asymmetric channel ratio or a set of optimal ACK frequency values that achieve maximal performance for various asymmetric channel ratios is not available. The paper studies optimal ACK frequency values with respect to channel RTT to achieve the highest throughput over various asymmetric, GEO-satellite links.
A novel method of studying the ability of a coating layer to retard the photo-yellowing of the base paper (2007)

A method was developed which made it possible to study the reflectance/transmittance of thin coating layers and to link this to the inhibition of the light-induced yellowing. The ability of a coating layer to retard the photo-yellowing of a hydrogen-peroxide-bleached birch chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is exemplified using this method. It is shown that the repeatability of the model system is excellent, even for coat weights below 10 g/m2. Furthermore, the transmittance in the UV-region is strongly correlated with the coating layers ability to protect the birch CTMP against photo-yellowing.
Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte bei der systemischen Sklerose (2011)

Frauen erkranken ca. 3–4 mal häufiger an einer systemischen Sklerose als Männer, wobei neben genetischen und hormonellen Faktoren auch erworbene Faktoren wie die Exposition mit Gefahrstoffen oder möglicherweise auch Schwangerschaften eine Rolle spielen. Die Diagnose wird bei Frauen häufig später gestellt als bei Männern, obgleich dies nicht auf die Symptomatik der Erkrankung zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Klinik zwischen Männern und Frauen mit systemischer Sklerose und der Verlauf der Erkrankung sind nur gering unterschiedlich. Einzig digitale Ulzerationen und eine Verringerung der kardialen Ejektionsfraktion werden bei Männern häufiger nachgewiesen. Funktionelle Beeinträchtigungen sind bei Frauen allerdings größer. Die systemische Sklerose erfasst alle Bereiche des Lebens einschließlich der Sexualität, die sowohl bei Männern als auch bei Frauen beeinträchtigt ist. Die Hospitalisierungsrate ist bei Frauen größer. Während frühere Studien auf eine erhöhte krankheitsbezogene Mortalität bei Männern wiesen, konnte dies in größeren Studien nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden. Die Mortalität bei Frauen ist sowohl in einer Europäischen als auch in einer US-amerikanischen Kohorte in den letzten Jahren gestiegen. In der Schwangerschaft ist das Risiko für das Auftreten von Komplikationen höher, Frühgeburten und eine intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung kommen häufiger vor. Ob geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte auch bei der Therapie der systemische Sklerose eine Rolle spielen könnten, müssen erst weitere Studien zeigen.
Analyses of rampant corrosion in stainless‐steel retainers of orthodontic patients (2002)

Retainers were collected from private, university, and dental labs. After viewing these corroded and control appliances using scanning electron microscopy, corroded maxillary and mandibular retainers were selected along with a control stainless-steel retainer for in-depth chemical analysis. Using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, monochromated Al x-rays were rastered over areas 1.5 x 0.3 mm. After survey spectra were acquired, high-resolution multiplex scans were obtained and binding energy shifts were noted. Using Auger electron spectroscopy, a spot size of approximately 30 nm was analyzed. Photos, survey scans, and depth profiles were acquired using a 3.5kV Ar(+) ion beam that was calibrated using a SiO2 standard. Via electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, the brown stains contained Fe and Cr decomposition products in which three carbon species were present. Proteinaceous N was found as amines or amides. No Ni was present because it had solubilized. The Cr:Fe ratio indicated severe Cr depletion in the stained regions (0.2) versus the control regions (1.3). The stained regions appeared mottled, having both dark and light areas. Via AES, the dark versus light areas of the stained regions indicated that there was an absence versus a presence of both Cr and Ni. In the dark areas corrosion penetrated 700 nm; in the light areas the depth equaled 30 nm. By comparison, the passivated layer of the control retainer was 10-nm thick. After sputtering away the affected areas, all specimens had similar spectra as the control regions. The bacterial environment created the mottled appearance and induced electrochemical potential differences so that, upon reducing the passivated layer, an otherwise corrosion-resistant alloy became susceptible to rampant corrosion. An integrated biological-biomaterial model is presented for the classic case of an orthodontic acrylic-based stainless steel retainer subject to crevice corrosion.
Activating mutations of the TSH receptor in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. (1995)

A series of 14 thyroid carcinomas, characterized for their basal adenyl cyclase activity (ACA), was examined for the presence of activating point mutations in the TSH receptor (TSHR) gene. Sequencing of the carboxyl-part of this gene revealed the presence of a somatic and heterozygotic point mutation in codon 623 in three out of six tumors showing a constitutively enhanced ACA and a poor response to TSH stimulation. The mutation determines the substitution of a serine for an alanine in the third intracellular loop of the receptor, in a region critical for signal transduction. One tumor bearing a TSHR mutation presented also a N-ras point mutation. Both mutations were detected also in a lung metastasis of this tumor. Our data represent the first report of alterations in the TSHR gene in thyroid malign neoplasia. TSHR mutations may indeed participate, as well as the G alpha s protein (gsp oncogene), in the oncogenesis of some differentiated thyroid carcinomas presenting increased basal levels of cAMP and a poor response to TSH.
A magnetogasdynamic power generation study third quarterly progress report (1965)

Calculations of preionized plasma flow with finite recombination rate - magnetohydrodynamic power generator study
Golongan Muda Mat Rempit: Suatu Ekspresi Sub Budaya (2010)

Kajian ini membincangkan fenomena Mat Rempit dari sudut aktiviti dan sub-budaya yang diamalkan
oleh segolongan anak muda di Kuala Lumpur. Permasalahan kajian memfokus kepada aktiviti dan
ekspresi sub-budaya Mat Rempit bukan sahaja daripada aktiviti berlumba haram, bahkan juga aktiviti
yang berkaitan dengannya seperti berhibur melalui muzik, mencuri motosikal dan mengambil dadah.
Pengkaji telah memilih 45 orang responden menggunakan kaedah pesampelan bertujuan dalam satu
kerja lapangan yang dijalankan dari Januari hingga November 2007. Responden yang dipilih adalah
Mat Rempit di Kuala Lumpur berusia antara 17 hingga 26 tahun. Seramai 7 orang responden telah
ditemubual secara mendalam. Kajian bertujuan memperihal aktiviti Mat Rempit dan mengenal pasti
elemen-elemen khusus dalam sub-budaya yang diamalkan oleh mereka. Kajian turut melihat ekspresi
sosial golongan Mat Rempit melalui aktiviti serta sub-budaya mereka yang melibatkan penggunaan
ruang fizikal dan sosial serta peluang untuk menjalankan aktiviti dan membangunkan sub-budaya
mereka. Kajian mendapati sub-budaya yang terhasil merupakan suatu reaksi dan penyelesaian
berbentuk kolektif golongan Mat Rempit terhadap budaya masyarakat konvensional yang
dipersepsikan membatas kehendak dan keinginan orang muda seperti terpancar melalui pelbagai
aktiviti dan sub-budaya khusus mereka, dan pada masa sama cenderung mempermasalahkan
penggunaan masa lapang mereka.
ChemInform Abstract: A Potent Long‐Acting Imidazole‐5‐acrylic Acid Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Antagonist (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Re‐engineering the Horizontally Challenged Pastoral System (1998)

The writers, as Section Manager and head of an inner‐city school under Special Measures, describe the school’s approach to the re‐engineering of its pastoral system from a horizontal, year‐based system, to a semi‐vertical ‘family’ system. The article explores the reasons for the change, the planning process and the outcomes and suggests ways of implementing successful change over a short time‐frame.
Measuring Avoidance by Capercaillies Tetrao Urogallus of Woodland Close to Tracks (2007)

Abstract We carried out a study in four stands of Scots pines Pinus sylvestris at Glenmore Forest and Abernethy Forest, Scotland, to measure distances over which capercaillies Tetrao urogallus avoided woodland close to forest tracks (gravel roads designed for vehicles, but also used by recreational walkers and cyclists) during autumn and winter. Tracks with low and high human use were selected in the two forests, and the presence of capercaillie droppings under trees gave a measure of use for feeding at different distances from the tracks. At all sites, the use of trees by capercaillies was lower close to tracks. The amount of woodland effectively avoided by capercaillies ranged from 1 ha per 46 m of track to 1 ha per 82 m of track at the different sites. Given the high density of tracks at Glenmore and Abernethy Forests (1,950 m/km2 in both forests), the percentage of woodland avoided by capercaillies ranged within 21-41%. A likely explanation is that human activity in these small native pinewoods is disturbing capercaillies, and may reduce their carrying capacity. Possible microclimate or predator effects were discounted.