gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Turbulence and New Opportunities for Fusion (2005)

Thermonuclear fusion is a highly efficient energy source for the stars; however, attempts to harness the process of fusion for energy production on Earth have been stymied by many difficult challenges. One of the most frustrating is the significant leakage of energy from magnetically confined plasmas, which is due to so-called anomalous transport. In their Perspective, [Krushelnick and Cowley][1] discuss recent work to understand the basis of this anomalous transport and find ways to control it. An approach that has created excitement in the fusion community involves the creation of transport barriers, that is, regions of plasma with just the right conditions to reduce turbulence that leads to energy leakage. Recently a combination of experimental and computational advances has led to increased understanding of these transport barriers in fusion plasmas, potentially bringing the use of controlled fusion as an energy source much closer.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5740/1502
Design and development of a microcontroller based system for the measurement of blood pressure (2011)

In the present study, a microcontroller based system for the measurement of blood pressure is designed and developed. It is based on the oscillometric method. A microcontroller MCF51QE128 is used in the present study. Further, an LCD module to display the data of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and MR2A16A asynchronous magneto resistive RAM to store measured values of systolic diastolic pressure values are interfaced with the microcontroller, which reduces the hardware complexity. Software is developed in C language using IAR embedded work bench IDE for cold fire due to the inherent language flexibility, the extent of support and its potential for portability across a wide range of hardware. The instrument is tested and results are found to be satisfactory. The instrument is handheld, rugged, low cost, low energy consumption, wearable and cost effective compared to the other commercially available.
A formal framework for predictive maintenance (2005)

This paper begins the process of specifying a particular predictive maintenance (PM) software system using formal methods. Specifically, schema diagrams in formal Z notation are used to specify an integrated set of black box PM operations devoid of implementation details. The schema diagrams describe the input-output behavior of the PM operations and employ high-level abstract mathematical data types. In total, the PM operations serve as a framework upon which to base the implementation of a provably correct PM software system. This highly-assured system would add substantial value to automatic test equipment and test program sets by providing the capability to 1. detect anomalies and incipient failures and isolate existing/impending failures of a unit-under-test (UUT) based on system-level data, 2. forecast remaining useful life of a UUT based on system-level data, 3. reduce substantially the number of false alarms attributed to automatic test equipment and test program sets, and 4. Enable condition-based and prognostic-based maintenance and inventory process decision triggers based on the outcomes of 1-3. During implementation of the PM software system, Floyd-Hoare logics can be used to verify whether particular algorithms meet the finished black-box PM specifications. This paper also presents the state transition diagram that corresponds to the framework.
[Long-term prognosis in patients with single-vessel or double-vessel coronary artery disease: does successful revascularization achieved by coronary angioplasty improve late outcome?]. (2003)

Cardiac events decreased and long-term prognosis appeared to be a good possibility in patients with single- or double-vessel coronary artery disease if late successful revascularization of target vessel was accomplished.
Influence of Silica Support Size on the Polymerisation of Ethylene Using a Supported Metallocene Catalyst (2009)

Abstract In the current work, we will focus on the influence of support properties on the activity and molecular weights of polyethylene produced with a metallocene supported on silica treated with MAO. It is demonstrated that relatively small changes in the size of the silica particles have a profound effect on the activity of the growing particles, and that not all particles in a given batch of catalyst behave in the same manner.
Multimode superconducting circuits for realizing strongly coupled multiqubit processor units (2018)

Interqubit coupling and qubit connectivity in a processor are crucial for achieving high-fidelity multiqubit gates and efficient implementation of quantum algorithms. Typical superconducting processors employ relatively weak transverse interqubit coupling which is activated via frequency tuning or microwave drives. Here, we propose a class of multimode superconducting circuits which realize multiple transmon qubits with all-to-all longitudinal coupling. These ``artificial molecules'' directly implement a multidimensional Hilbert space that can be easily manipulated due to the always-on longitudinal coupling. We describe the basic technique to analyze such circuits, compute the relevant properties, and discuss how to optimize them to create efficient small-scale quantum processors with universal programmability.
Quiet-breathing vs. panting methods for determination of specific airway conductance (1984)

Specific airway conductance (sGaw) was measured during quiet breathing and during panting in 21 normal subjects and 10 patients with obstructive lung disease. The direct method used does not require measuring thoracic gas volume (TGV). Coefficients of variation were 5.5% for panting and 5.1% for quiet breathing. Interobserver variability was 4.7% in the quiet-breathing method and 6.3% in the panting method. The two methods gave equivalent results for sGaw. A slightly greater sGaw was found by the panting method in normal subjects with the highest sGaw values, probably due to widening of the oropharynx-glottis during panting. In six normal subjects studied for intrasubject variability over time, no significant diurnal or day-to-day variability was seen by either method. We conclude that the quiet-breathing method is a simple valid means of determining sGaw and utilizes a physiological respiratory maneuver. Obviation of the need to measure TGV is advantageous. Results are equivalent to those of the panting method and variability is similar.
A Double Standard for Lawyer Dishonesty: Billing Fraud Versus Misappropriation (2006)

In this Article, I examine the dishonest billing practices alleged to have occurred and the analysis of the dishonesty by the Hearing Committee and the court. I offer a critique of the investigation of the case, the findings of fact and the legal standards applied. I compare this billing fraud case to the leading case on misappropriation of client funds in the District of Columbia. I argue that the decision-makers (Hearing Committee, Board on Professional Responsibility, and court of appeals) have gone to great lengths to avoid addressing the very grave dishonesty that led to this disciplinary matter. I speculate as to some possible reasons for this deference. Finally, I urge that the disciplinary standard on lawyer dishonesty should be interpreted and enforced even-handedly, especially when the purpose of the dishonesty is to take client funds to which the lawyer or the firm is not entitled.
Colloidal Carbon as Revealed by the Electron Microscope (1942)

Abstract The electron microscope of today may be said to rest on the pioneer work of three outstanding physicists. J. J. Thompson, in 1897, discovered electrons under the name of negative corpuscles. De Broglie, about 1922, established the wave characteristics of electrons. In 1926 Busch established the electron lens. In 1935, E. F. Burton, following a visit to Germany, envisaged the enormous potentialities of the electron microscope and began a program at Toronto designed to eliminate the serious defects of early German instruments. In 1938, this program culminated in the construction of a new and superior instrument by two of his graduate students, A. Prebus and J. Hillier. The publication of their results early in 1939 aroused the immediate interest of the Columbian Carbon Company which later established a Fellowship at Toronto under Professor Burton's direction. In 1940, A. Prebus, assisted by W. A. Ladd, working in Toronto, secured for Columbian the first perfect pictures of Micronex, from which accurate data as to mean surface area and as to particle shape were obtained. Public release followed in June, 1940. Prebus is now Professor at Ohio State University and is pursuing the theoretical side. Hillier is at R. C. A., where instruments, of essentially Toronto design, are being developed commercially, and Ladd has joined the Columbian Carbon Research Laboratories, for the two-fold purpose of further improving the microscope and of applying it to the problems of natural and synthetic rubber reënforcement. This work of Professor Burton and his pupils is of importance under present critical conditions since the replacement of natural by synthetic rubber necessitates a new approach to the theory and practice of rubber reënforcement. With the aid of the electron microscope, it is now for the first time possible to evaluate the role played by surface area in carbon-rubber reënforcement.
Solution to question of duality under K-T condition (2004)

Important theory of K-T condition of non-linear programming is introduced to solve the question of duality of linear programming,meanwhile,a simple and easy solution isgiven on the basis of application.
Free-carrier absorption in nitrides from first principles (2010)

We have developed a computationally-tractable first-principles approach (based on density-functional and many-body perturbation theories) to treat the indirect absorption of light by free carriers in semiconductors and insulators and applied it to the technologically important class of group-III nitrides. Indirect absorption by free and impurity-bound carriers, mediated by electron-phonon, charged-defect, and alloy scattering, is an important loss mechanism which may explain the origin of the observed absorption loss in nitride laser devices. The electron-phonon interaction is calculated entirely from first principles, allowing us to validate the commonly used Fr\"ohlich approximation. The formalism is quite general and can be applied to other cases where carrier-induced absorption is a concern, such as in transparent conducting oxides.
Chiral 3,6-Dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-2-ones as Alanine Equivalents for the Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Methyl α-Amino Acids (AMAAs) under Mild Reaction Conditions (1999)

3,6-Dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-2-ones 1 act as very reactive chiral cyclic alanine equivalents and can be diastereoselectively alkylated or allylated using mild reaction conditions: potassium carbonate under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions when using activated alkyl halides, organic bases such as tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine (BEMP) or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) when using unactivated alkyl halides, and neutral Pd(0)-catalysis when allylic carbonates are used. In most cases, the diastereoselectivity under all these different reaction conditions is excellent although the reactions are always carried out at room temperature. Hydrolysis of the obtained alkylated or allylated oxazinones allows the preparation of enantiomerically enriched (S)-α-methyl α-amino acids (S)-AMAAs. The PTC and organic base methodologies have also been applied to the synthesis of (R)-α-methyl α-amino acids starting from (R)-alanine. When dihalides are used as electrophiles under PTC or BEMP conditions, a spontaneous N-alkylation also takes place giving bicyclic oxazinones, which can be hydrolyzed to enantiomerically pure cyclic (S)-AMAAs.
SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING FOR GREENHOUSE-GROWN TOMATOES: INTRACANOPY LED TOWERS VS. OVERHEAD HPS LAMPS (2014)

ISHS International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory - Greensys 2013 SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING FOR GREENHOUSE-GROWN TOMATOES: INTRACANOPY LED TOWERS VS. OVERHEAD HPS LAMPS
Virion-Associated Cofactor High-Mobility Group DNA-Binding Protein-1 Facilitates Transposition from the Herpes Simplex Virus/ <i>Sleeping Beauty</i> Amplicon Vector Platform (2010)

The development of the integration-competent, herpes simplex virus/Sleeping Beauty (HSV/SB) amplicon vector platform has created a means to efficiently and stably deliver therapeutic transcription units (termed "transgenons") to neurons within the mammalian brain. Furthermore, an investigation into the transposition capacity of the HSV/SB vector system revealed that the amplicon genome provides an optimal substrate for the transposition of transgenons at least 12 kb in length [de Silva, S., Mastrangelo, M.A., Lotta, L.T., Jr., Burris, C.A., Federoff, H.J., and Bowers, W.J. ( 2010 ). Gene Ther. 17, 424-431]. These results prompted an investigation into the factors that may contribute toward efficient transposition from the HSV/SB amplicon. One of the cellular cofactors known to play a key role during SB-mediated transposition is the high-mobility group DNA-binding protein-1 (HMGB1). Our present investigation into the role of HMGB1 during amplicon-based transposition revealed that transposition is not strictly dependent on the presence of cellular HMGB1, contrary to what had been previously demonstrated with plasmid-based SB transposition. We have shown for the first time that during amplicon preparation, biologically active HMGB1 derived from the packaging cell line is copackaged into amplicon vector particles. As a result, HSV/SB amplicon virions arrive prearmed with HMGB1 protein at levels sufficient for facilitating SB-mediated transposition in the transduced mammalian cell.
The Glory of God: Echoes of Exodus in the Gospels (2013)

iven the centrality of the Exodus narrative in the formation of Israel's self-consciousness, it is somewhat surprising that relatively few direct references to the book of Exodus are found in the gospels. 1 However, "traces" of certain passages in Exodus do appear at critical points in the gospel accounts.These traces are found more as intertextual uses-that is, as echoes and allusions, rather than explicit citations. 2Such echoes, though, are a powerful means of evoking previous texts often in very creative ways.As a result, we can affirm that the Exodus narratives remained central for the Jesus community, but in ways which emphasize Jesus' unique relationship with God.That is to say, the gospels echo certain aspects of the Exodus accounts, but refract them through a decidedly Christological lens.In this essay, I focus on a cluster of striking allusions to Exodus in the gospels, particularly Luke's Transfiguration account and a possible echo of that in John's prologue. Echoes of Exodus in the Transfiguration AccountsThe various synoptic accounts of the Transfiguration (Mark 9.2-10; Matt 17.1-9; Luke 9.28-36) provide a strong echo to the book of Exodus by alluding to the image of Moses ascending Mount Sinai in Exodus-in Exodus 19.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Jesus is thus brought into relation with Moses and Elijah (especially with Moses) and the story of Jesus is linked to the story of Israel's journey to the promised land.4 Turning first to the Markan version of the Transfiguration, the following strong indications of intertextual linkage present themselves: 5The Glory of God: Echoes of Exodus in the Gospels Mark A. Matson 1.In contrast with the far more explicit references Stephen makes in Acts 7.2. The literature on intertextuality now is large and growing.I follow here a fairly restrictive use of allusion and echo as suggested in Richard Hays, Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul (New Haven:
Expression of a hyperthermophilic #alpha#-amylase of the archaeon Pyrococcus Furiosus Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (2003)

The structural gene encoding mature peptide of extracellular α amylase was amplified from the genome DNA of hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus by PCR The recombinant plasmid pUC19 amy was constructed by inserting the amplified segment into vector pUC19 The recombinant vector pYX212 amy was constructed by ligate the heterogeneous fragment of pUC19 amy into the multiple cloning site of pYX212, an expression vector of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303 A1 were transformed with pYX212 amy by electroporation The transformant expressed the activity of the thermophilic α amylase successfully The recombinant enzyme has the similar enzymatic properties as the extracellular α amylase produced by Pyrococcus furiosus : it shows an enzymatic activity optimum at pH 5 0, and its optimal temperature for enzymatic activity is about 90℃, more than 50% of its initial enzymatic activity is still detectable after it was incubated at 121℃ for 30 minutes
Palliative Medicine Physician Education in the United States: A Historical Review (2013)

In this review we discuss the history of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM) physician education in the United States over the last 20 years, as there has been dramatic growth in our specialty during this time. A Medline literature search was completed and we surveyed leaders in the field of HPM education regarding their experiences in promoting palliative medicine education. Educators were selected based on their peer reviewed publications on key educational initiatives since 1990. A survey tool was designed and emailed to 18 educators across the country and follow-up phone interviews were done to further explore specific questions. The survey and interviews sought information about major palliative care education milestones, instrumental projects, and barriers to further development of palliative medicine education.
Effect of crop maturity on agronomic and sensory quality characteristics of continental-style canned peas (1985)

Abstract The effects of crop maturity on yield, seed size distribution, tenderometer values and canning quality of two continental pea cultivars, Mini and Kriter are described. The relationships between raw material characteristics, financial value of the crop (based on the system of payment used in France), and the quality of the processed product are discussed.
The Strip Test for Hypolactasia Also Works Without Ethanol (1988)

Detection of urinary galactose with a special test strip has been shown to work well with the lactose tolerance test with ethanol. In this study the strips were used in combination with a lactose load alone or with another alcohol, beta-pyridylcarbinol, and the results were compared with those of the urinary lactose tolerance test with ethanol (ULTTE) as the reference method. Sixty-nine patients were studied. With lactose alone the specificity was 83%, the sensitivity 88%, and the kappa coefficient 0.61. It is concluded that the strip test for hypolactasia works without ethanol with sufficient reliability for the daily clinical work of a general practitioner. Adding beta-pyridylcarbinol to the test does not markedly increase the validity of the test.
From 3D scan to body pressure of compression garments (2019)

Human bodies come under loads in sports. For safety or other purposes, athletes wear compression garments to help avoid wrong postures or movement. We assessed anthropometrics of elite rowers, and found significant differences with the general population, indicating compression garments would behave differently for the athletes. By combining 3D scanning technique and FEM modelling software, we were able to predict compression garment performance on part of the athlete bodies . Abaqus Explicit solver was applied to simulate movement of athletes actually putting on a compression garment, and to track stress distribution during the process.
Nearly Balanced Quad List Quad Tree ‐A Data Structure for VLSI Layout Systems (1994)

In the past ten years, many researchers have focused attention on developing better data structures for storing graphical information. Among the proposed data structures, the quad tree data structure provides a good way to organize objects on a 2‐D plane. Region searches proceed at logarithmic speeds a desirable characteristic, but no previously proposed VLSI quad tree data structure distributed objects to subdivide the spatial area. This has been a major drawback for operations such as tree searching and window query . In this paper, we present a new division method to reconstruct those quad trees including the multiple storage quad tree (MSQT) and the quad list quad tree (QLQT) into nearly balanced quad tree data structures. Nearly balanced quad trees based on our new spatial division method are constructed by dynamically translating unbalanced multiple storage quad trees or unbalanced quad list quad trees into balanced structures. All benefits of the original quad tree data structures are completely retained. In addition, this method is simple and balanced quad trees memory require less than the original quad trees. Experimental results illustrate that the improvement in region queries of the presented nearly balanced quad trees to both of the QLQT and the MSQT is better than the improvement of the QLQT to the MSQT.
A heuristic genetic algorithm for grouping manufacturing cells (2002)

In this paper, an efficient heuristic genetic algorithm (GA), considering the domain-specific characteristics of manufacturing cell design, was developed to model the cell formation (CF) problems. Its performance was compared with an optimization model and the traditional GA approach. Our study confirmed that considering domain-specific characteristics in the crossover and mutation operators could obtain very promising results.
THERMAL CONDUCTION OF NANO-DIAMOND DISPERSED POLYURETHANE NANOCOMPOSITES (2009)

As part of a larger initiative on the development of erosion resistant nano-composite coatings for aerospace applications, the possibility of improving the thermal conduction of these coatings over the base matrix polymer has been looked into. Traditional solutions consisted of a metallic leading edge, typically formed from nickel or titanium, which perform poorly when subjected to solid particle erosion and there has been an increasing trend to use complete polymeric coatings on aircraft and hovercraft propellers and self adhesive tape or thermoformed boot on rotor blades or other aircraft components, such as fuselage components, subject to solid particle erosion in operation. Polyurethane, or a blend containing polyurethane, is normally used due to its outstanding solid particle erosion resistance.