gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physico-mechanical Effects of Surface-modified Sorgum Stalk Powder on Reinforced Rubber (2010)

Stalk of sorghum was crushed into fine particle size and given three surface treatments: with groundnut oil, alkali, and 3-chloro-2-hydroxyl propyl trimethylammonium chloride. It was presumed that the oil treatment will preclude any negative surface potential that cellulose is known to acquire in aqueous environment. The alkali treatment was to remove the natural surface admixtures but to preserve the negative surface potential, and the tertiary ammonium salt was to confer positive potential to it. The four samples including the untreated fiber were used to produce fiber-reinforced natural rubber composite at varying filler loadings. The pycnometric specific density measurement indicated the following decreasing trend: cationized filler, untreated, causticized, and finally the oil treated. In each case, the density increased with filler volume. The tensile strength of the composites also varied such that both the cationized and alkali-treated fillers recorded higher values than the untreated filler, the oil-treated filler was the least. However, the oil-treated filler did best with the elongation at break for filler loading higher than 40 phr; for loadings lower than 40 phr, the alkali-treated filler did better. The cationized filler recorded low values but was better than the untreated filler. The impact tests demonstrated critical loading effect for all the different samples; the trend showed increase from 10 to 40 phr and then declined, the untreated and the oil-treated did better than the causticized and cationized which recorded the least value. The hardness index did not show much difference between the untreated, causticized, and cationized fillers both of which did better than the oil treated. This work has shown some general improvements arising from cationization of cellulosic filler as reinforcing material for natural rubber.
Diffraction Anomalies in Grating Spectrophotometers (1962)

The Wood anomalies are dark or bright bands in the spectrum produced by a diffraction grating. They occur at observed wavelengths for which light of the same wavelength is diffracted in another order so as to graze the surface of the grating. The equations describing the position of the anomalies are discussed for a variety of grating arrangements. Some experimental observations of Wood anomalies are described, including a new finding concerning the reluctance of two anomalies to coincide. Finally, a discussion is given of spectrophotometric errors introduced by Wood anomalies.
Selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in the treatment of allergy and inflammation. (2005)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitors are a novel class of drugs in development for the treatment of inflammatory airways diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PDE4 inhibitors are potent anti-inflammatory agents both in vitro and in vivo, but few have successfully proceeded to phase II and III clinical trials, as a result of insufficient clinical efficacy and unacceptable side effects, including nausea and emesis, which have hampered their progression. A greater understanding of the molecular biology of PDE4 has led to the development of efficacious compounds with fewer side effects. This review focuses on how selective PDE4 inhibitors can advance the treatment of airways diseases and deal with the challenges that lie ahead.
Analysis of symmetric Y-junction laser arrays with uniform near-field distribution (1986)

The analysis of a Y-junction laser array is presented. It is shown that the lowest-order cavity mode of this array has the lowest threshold gain and is thus preferentially excited. This mode has a uniform near-field distribution. Compared with the sinusoidal near-field distribution of the supermodes of the evanescently coupled laser arrays, this uniformity not only can delay the onset of the spatial-hole burning, which is the source of unstable far-field characteristic at high power level, it also allows for higher total power output before catastrophic mirror damage.
Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer (1998)

Paclitaxel has emerged as an important agent in the treatment of breast cancer. The efficacy and tolerability of this agent, as well as its lack of cross-resistance with anthracyclines, have spurred intensive clinical investigation worldwide. Optimization of paclitaxel dose and scheduling and evaluation of the drug in combination regimens are a central focus of investigations. Recent clinical evidence suggests that optimal dose of single-agent paclitaxel by 3-h infusion is 175 mg/m². Trials evaluating administration schedule have not found either a 24-h or 96-h infusion to be superior to a 3-h infusion. Weekly moderate-dose paclitaxel administration is also generating much interest, given the high relative dose intensity and dose density delivered, yet very modest myelosuppression and manageable neurotoxicity observed. As first-line therapy in metastatic disease, multiple studies have documented overall response rates in the range of 30%-60%. As second-line or salvage single-agent therapy in metastatic patients, paclitaxel generally affords an overall response rate of 20%-40%, even in anthracycline-resistant patients. The novel mechanism of action and manageable toxicity of paclitaxel has led to successful incorporation into combination chemotherapy regimens. The combination of paclitaxel and doxorubicin has been the most extensively studied, with the role of this regimen continuing to evolve. Other combination regimens that appear to hold substantial promise as first-line metastatic treatment are paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel with trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody). The favorable results obtained in the metastatic setting have prompted phase II and phase III investigations of paclitaxel in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. In the adjuvant setting, a recent phase III study has indicated that the addition of sequential paclitaxel to standard therapy affords both disease-free and overall survival benefits. Current investigations with paclitaxel will continue to optimize the role of this agent in the treatment of early- and advanced-stage breast cancer, addressing not only response rates but also survival and quality-of-life issues. The use of paclitaxel on a weekly schedule or with new therapeutic modalities, such as monoclonal antibodies, is also receiving much attention. While it is clear that paclitaxel is a very active agent in the treatment of breast cancer, it is hoped that these innovative trials will further maximize the potential of this agent in patients with breast cancer.
Rapid Prototyping STL Reconstruction for CT Medical Image in Fused Deposition Modelling (2010)

The main objective of this research is to reconstruct 3D rapid prototyping (RP) models for computer tomography (CT) medical images in fused deposition modeling (FDM). It demonstrates a technique to convert medical images to points cloud, and simplify into STL (Stereo-Lithography) triangular meshes for RP machine in fused deposition modelling. The grey prediction algorithm is used to sort contour point data in each layer of the medical image. The contour difference detection operation is used to sequence the points for each layer. The 3D STL meshes are then constructed by layer-by-layer sequence meshes algorithm to build the STL file. Once this STL file is saved, a 3D physical model of the medical image can be fabricated by FDM RP manufacturing, and its virtual reality model can also be presented for visualization. CT images of a human skull and femur bone were used as the case studies for the construction of the 3D solid model with medical images. The STL models generated using this new methodology compared to commercial computer-aided design (CAD) models. The results of this research are therefore clinically reliable in reconstructing 3D STL models for CT medical images.
The reduction in sigma-promoter recognition flexibility as induced by core RNAP is required for sigma to discern the optimal promoter spacing (2013)

Sigma (σ) factors are bacterial transcription initiation factors that direct transcription at cognate promoters. The promoters recognized by primary σ are composed of -10 and -35 consensus elements separated by a spacer of 17±1 bp for optimal activity. However, how the optimal promoter spacing is sensed by the primary σ remains unclear. In the present study, we examined this issue using a transcriptionally active Bacillus subtilis N-terminally truncated σA (SND100-σA). The results of the present study demonstrate that SND100-σA binds specifically to both the -10 and -35 elements of the trnS spacing variants, of which the spacer lengths range from 14 to 21 bp, indicating that simultaneous and specific recognition of promoter -10 and -35 elements is insufficient for primary σ to discern the optimal promoter spacing. Moreover, shortening in length of the flexible linker between the two promoter DNA-binding domains of σA also does not enable SND100-σA to sense the optimal promoter spacing. Efficient recognition of optimal promoter spacing by SND100-σA requires core RNAP (RNA polymerase) which reduces the flexibility of simultaneous and specific binding of SND100-σA to both promoter -10 and -35 elements. Thus the discrimination of optimal promoter spacing by σ is core-dependent.
Reservoir monitoring using permanent sources and vertical receiver antennae (2000)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000Reservoir monitoring using permanent sources and vertical receiver antennaeAuthors: Julien MeunierFrédéric HuguetPatrick MeynierJulien MeunierCompagnie Générale de Géophysique, Frédéric HuguetGaz de France, and Patrick MeynierInstitut Français du Pétrolehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815724 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815724FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySource strength variations and 4D seismicMartin Landrø15 December 2008Reservoir Management Employing Smart Wells: A Review15 December 2005 | SPE Drilling & Completion, Vol. 20, No. 04References21 March 2012 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2000 Pages: 2484 publication data© 2000 Copyright © 2000 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Julien Meunier, Frédéric Huguet, and Patrick Meynier, (2000), "Reservoir monitoring using permanent sources and vertical receiver antennae," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1619-1622. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815724 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Magnetotransport and electronic noise in superparamagnetic magnetic tunnel junctions (2019)

We have investigated the magnetotransport and noise properties of magnetic tunnel junctions incorporating a superparamagnetic free layer, in a wide temperature range from 150 K to 400 K. Both 1/f noise and sensitivity reach the maximum near the blocking temperature of the superparamagnetic transition. The smooth change of noise around the blocking temperature is attributed to size distribution of nanoclusters comprising the free layer. The best detectability (40 nT/Hz at 1 Hz) is achieved at 350 K. In ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic states, 1/f noise follows different scaling relations with respect to sensitivity. The change of scaling law is explained by thermodynamics of the nanoclusters.
Mechanisms and Rates of Decay of Marine Viruses in Seawater (1992)

Loss rates and loss processes for viruses in coastal seawater from the Gulf of Mexico were estimated with three different marine bacteriophages. Decay rates in the absence of sunlight ranged from 0.009 to 0.028 h, with different viruses decaying at different rates. In part, decay was attributed to adsorption by heat-labile particles, since viruses did not decay or decayed very slowly in seawater filtered through a 0.2-mum-pore-size filter (0.2-mum-filtered seawater) and in autoclaved or ultracentrifuged seawater but continued to decay in cyanide-treated seawater. Cyanide did cause decay rates to decrease, however, indicating that biological processes were also involved. The observations that decay rates were often greatly reduced in 0.8- or 1.0-mum-filtered seawater, whereas bacterial numbers were not, suggested that most bacteria were not responsible for the decay. Decay rates were also reduced in 3-mum-filtered or cycloheximide-treated seawater but not in 8-mum-filtered seawater, implying that flagellates consumed viruses. Viruses added to flagellate cultures decayed at 0.15 h, corresponding to 3.3 viruses ingested flagellate h. Infectivity was very sensitive to solar radiation and, in full sunlight, decay rates were 0.4 to 0.8 h. Even when UV-B radiation was blocked, rates were as high as 0.17 h. Calculations suggest that in clear oceanic waters exposed to full sunlight, most of the virus decay, averaged over a depth of 200 m, would be attributable to solar radiation. When decay rates were averaged over 24 h for a 10-m coastal water column, loss rates of infectivity attributable to sunlight were similar to those resulting from all other processes combined. Consequently, there should be a strong diel signal in the concentration of infectious viruses. In addition, since sunlight destroys infectivity more quickly than virus particles, a large proportion of the viruses in seawater is probably not infective.
Application comparison of two inguinal hernia repair materials (2011)

Objective To compare the applications of two inguinal hernia repair materials and provide the basis to select appropriate clinical hernia repair materials.Methods Based on Bard Perfix Plug and Atrium Proloop to treat tension free hernioplasty,we randomly divided inguinal hernia patients meeting diagnosis into two groups.After that,we compared operative time,postoperative recovery time,cost,the postoperative feelings and recurrent rate of patients between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference of operative time,postoperative recovery time,and cost between the two groups.There was significant difference of the postoperative feelings and recurrent rate of patients between the two groups. We find Bard Perfix Plug group has better effect than Atrium Proloop one.Conclusions Repair material properties are closely related with surgery and postoperative recovery.For a large hernia ring and Hesselbach triangle weak condition,Bard patch is a kind of better inguinal hernia repair materials.

Key words: 
Inguinal hernia ;  Tension - free hernioplasty ;  Repair materials ;  Clinical application
Physiological Effects of Mannans, Galactomannans, and Glucomannans (1975)

Galactomannans in the form of the ground endosperm of certain leguminous seeds have been consumed as foodstuffs since ancient times. In the last two decades these gums together with konjac glucomannan and the yeast mannans have come to be associated with certain physiological activities which have stimulated nutritional and physiological research. Many of the studies are contradictory and several questions remain unanswered. This paper attempts to review the recent literature on the nutritional value of the mannans and the physiological activities which they possess. Occurrence in Foods Few natural foods have been subjected to complete analysis for their component carbohydrates. For the most part, analyses have been directed toward the soluble low molecular weight sugars, starch, pectin and crude fiber (consisting of cellulose and smaller amounts of associated but usually unidentified cell wall hemicelluloses). Thus, the infrequent reports of mannans in foods could reflect their rarity or merely that they
Molecular and cellular effects of antisickling concentrations of alkylureas (1976)

Alkylureas are capable of inhibiting sickling in vitro and the gelation of solutions of hemoglobin S at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 M with increasing effectiveness that is directly proportional to the length of the alkyl chain (butyl greater than propyl greater than ethyl greater than methyl). 6The inhibitory effect is independent of pH between 6.5 and 7.5 and is a process driven by entropy. The alkylureas at concentrations of 0.1 M have minimal effects on several erythrocyte functions. Oxygen equilibria, osmotic fragility, reduced glutathione content, and glutathione reductase activity are totally unaffected, while pyruvic kinase activity is decreased only by butylurea by about 20%, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is decreased progressively to a maximum of 30% in direct proportion to the length of the alkyl chain. Alkylureas not only inhibit sickling but are also capable of desickling erythrocytes that have been maintained in the deoxygenated state. They have little effect on several erythrocyte functions at antisickling concentrations, but their toxicity must be evaluated before they can be examined as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment or prevention of acute episodes in sickle cell anemia.
Optimal Placement of Virtual Machines in Mobile Edge Computing (2017)

Mobile edge computing (MEC), as an extension of the cloud computing paradigm to the edge network, is a promising solution to provide resource-intensive and time-critical applications to mobile users. It overcomes some obstacles of traditional mobile cloud computing by offering ultra-short latency and less core network traffic. This paper proposes a new framework based on the architecture of MEC to deliver cloud services to the edge. We introduce enumeration based optimal placement algorithm (EOPA) and divide-and- conquer based near-optimal placement algorithm (DCNOPA) to attain minimal data traffic by distributing virtual machine replica copies (VRCs) of applications to the edge network. Simulation results show that compared to the famous K-medians clustering algorithm (KMCA), the performance of DCNOPA is much closer to that of EOPA with lower computational complexity. Furthermore, we investigate the optimal number of VRCs within a given limitation of benefit-to-cost ratio.
A Dual Mode Tuning Circuit for Microwave Transistor Oscillators (1977)

A two-port circuit adjusting both even and odd mode fields, with orthogonal mode adjustment, can be used as an embedding circuit for a microwave transistor oscillator. The circuit, analyzed in TEM line, may also be realized in any other form of transmission line geometry, including two coexistent modes in a cavity. The resulting oscillator is stable, has low FM noise, and is readily tunable. Analyses of the tuning circuit and oscillator are presented, along with some experimental results and a discussion of methods using other than TEM transmission lines to produce the even and odd modes.
Interferon Improves Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Chronic HCV Infection (2003)

Despite recent improvements in interferon (INF) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, controversy persists about whether interferon improves long-term prognosis in patients with HCV infection, especially in those with disease complicated by cirrhosis. To examine the effect of INF therapy on long-term prognosis, researchers in Japan retrospectively compared 355 patients with chronic HCV infection who had received interferon monotherapy and 104 untreated HCV patients. Patients, …
Guard cell photosynthesis and stomatal function (2008)

Chloroplasts are a key feature of most guard cells; however, the function of these organelles in stomatal responses has been a subject of debate. This review examines evidence for and against a role of guard cell chloroplasts in stimulating stomatal opening. Controversy remains over the extent to which guard cell Calvin cycle activity contributes to stomatal regulation. However, this is only one of four possible functions of guard cell chloroplasts; other roles include supply of ATP, blue-light signalling and starch storage. Evidence exists for all these mechanisms, but is highly dependent upon species and growth/measurement conditions, with inconsistencies between different laboratories reported. Significant plasticity and extreme flexibility in guard cell osmoregulatory, signalling and sensory pathways may be one explanation. The use of chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis of individual guard cells is discussed in assessing guard and mesophyll cell physiology in relation to stomatal function. Developments in transgenic and molecular techniques have recently provided interesting, albeit contrasting, data regarding the role of these highly conserved organelles in stomatal function. Recent studies examining the link between mesophyll photosynthesis and stomatal conductance are discussed. An enhanced understanding of these processes may be fundamental in generating crop plants with greater water use efficiencies, capable of combating future climatic changes.
Efficient production of active and mutated ADP-ribosyltransferase (S1) of pertussis toxin using affinity expression cassette polymerase chain reaction (1994)

We describe an efficient, general approach for cloning, expression and purification of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli host strains. The affinity expression cassette polymerase chain reaction (AEC-PCR) allows the insertion of virtually any coding sequence in suitable expression vectors. For ease of purification of the (over)produced protein the gene expression cassettes are engineered by specifically designed oligonucleotide primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to contain either 3′ or 5′ additional nucleotides coding for a short amino acid sequence constituting an ‘affinity block’ fused to either end of the protein. This allows a one-step purification by affinity chromatography. In combination with PCR-mediated site-specific mutagenesis this approach is a highly efficient way for the expression and isolation of proteins and for the analysis and dissection of functional domains. The application of AEC-PCR is demonstrated by the cloning, production and purification of the native, active and the mutagenized, inactive ADP-ribosyltransferase (S1 subunit) of pertussis toxin. In this example, a string of six histidines has been engineered to either the N-terminal or the C-terminal end of the protein to serve as ‘affinity block’ for the isolation of the recombinant protein by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). Thus, the S1 subunit can now be produced in sufficient quantities to facilitate further studies on its immunological and molecular properties.
Analysing Pumping Tests by Resistance Network Analogue (1968)

ABSTRACT A resistance network analogue is used to study the early stages of a pumping test in an unconfined aquifer. The results are compared with an alternative analysis due to Boulton (1965) and a good agreement is obtained. Unlike the theoretical analysis the analogue technique is versatile and can easily be used to study pumping tests with nonidealized boundary conditions, e.g., partially penetrating wells can be simulated. Thus the analogue method of analysis could prove to be a more realistic method for studying pumping tests than standard analytical techniques.