gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFRARED INTERFEROMETRIC SYSTEMS (1980)

Infrared interferometric systems using a CO₂ laser operating at a wavelength of 10.6 μm have been investigated. The purpose of infrared interferometry is to test (1) optical components required for high energy laser systems such as infrared transmitting materials and diamond-turned metal mirrors, (2) unpolished rough surface optics during the early stages of fabrication, and (3) deep aspherics and other optics of nonconventional surface figures. The physical principles behind longer wavelength interferometry are as follows. First, the specular component of scattered light increases with increasing wavelength for randomly rough surfaces. Second, the aspheric departure from the best fit reference sphere (in units of probing wavelength) is reduced. This reduced sensitivity gives us a manageable number of fringes in the interferogram of deep aspherics. Specific systems developed in this work are the infrared laser unequal path interferometer (IRLUPI), the IRLUPI with infrared computer generated hologram (IRCGH), the infrared common path interferometers such as the infrared point diffraction interferometer (IRPDI), and the infrared scatterplate interferometer (IRSPI). The above interferometers produce interferograms of equal optical path difference (OPD). Other types of common path interferometers which provide interferograms of differential OPD (or slope) are also developed. They are the infrared lateral shearing interferometers (IRLSI); a germanium plane parallel plate, the Ronchi ruling, and the double grating lateral shearing interferometer. A pyroelectric vidicon (PEV) has been employed as an AC infrared detector with proper intensity modulation techniques. Chopping, panning, and phase variation of the interferogram modulate the interference pattern effectively for various types of interferometers. Germanium and zinc selenide optics are used for lenses and beamsplitters. A He-Ne gas laser is installed parallel to the CO₂ beam for the ease of initial alignment. Many test interferograms are shown using each interferometer. The statistical analysis and experimental verification of the relationship between fringe contrast and rms surface roughness enabled us to have noncontact measurement of surface roughness interferometrically. This result was used for a series of tests for the unpolished large diameter off-axis parabolic mirror during the preliminary fabrication stage. Some interesting topics are included for future investigation to fulfill the growing demand for versatility in interferometry.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of late Na current inhibition (ranolazine) in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD): impact on angina and myocardial perfusion reserve (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01342029.
Temperature control of a batch reactor by the refluxing reaction technique with action on the pressure (1997)

In the fine chemical industry the batch or fed-batch reactor functions as the heart of the transformation process. Due to the complexity of chemical synthesis, control of these reactors remains a problem of temperature control commonly performed indirectly via the jacket of the reactor. This work presents a new strategy we have developed to control highly exothermic reactions. This lies on thermal control through pressure derived from the "refuxing technique" commonly used in inudstry. It takes advantage of the fast dynamics of the pressure-temperature dependence at the boiling point. The pressure that should be applied to the reactor to track a set-point temperature is computed via an on-line identified vapor pressure law. This technique has been applied to pharmaceutical industry synthesis reaction. Experimental results obained in a pilot plant show the relevance of this technique particularly in terms of productivity increase and minimisation of environmental impacts.
Differential effects of ferritin, calcium, zinc, and gallic acid on in vitro proliferation of human glioblastoma cells and normal astrocytes. (1994)

In vitro, when using low concentrations of ferritin (ng/ml) or CaCl2 (micrograms/ml), multiplication of a human, 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-resistant glioblastoma cell line (U251) is enhanced 1.5 to 2 times more actively than multiplication of a normal astrocyte line (CRL 1656). Ferritin and Ca2+ ions exhibit a marked effect on DNA isolated from these cells: glioblastoma DNA relaxation is strongly increased (as evidenced by increased 260 nm ultraviolet absorbance), being from 5 to 6 times that of astrocyte DNA, which remains only slightly affected. Under identical experimental conditions, Zn2+ and gallium ions selectively inhibit glioblastoma cell multiplication but at the same concentrations do not inhibit astrocyte multiplication. Ultraviolet absorbance measurements demonstrate that both of these agents condense relaxed glioblastoma DNA in vitro. Zn2+ or gallium ions added to culture medium containing stimulatory concentrations of ferritin or Ca2+ ions selectively and strongly inhibit enhancement of glioblastoma cell multiplication by these mitogens while not affecting normal multiplication of astrocytes.
Reversibly tunable hydrophilic nano/microporous polymer photonic crystal (2016)

Here we report a low cost fabrication method to finely manipulate the pore size of nano/microporous materials and demonstrate its application for reversible color tuning of porous polymer photonic crystals based on atmosphere humidity condensation.
An improved algorithm for learning long-term dependency problems in adaptive processing of data structures (2003)

Many researchers have explored the use of neural-network representations for the adaptive processing of data structures. One of the most popular learning formulations of data structure processing is backpropagation through structure (BPTS). The BPTS algorithm has been successful applied to a number of learning tasks that involve structural patterns such as logo and natural scene classification. The main limitations of the BPTS algorithm are attributed to slow convergence speed and the long-term dependency problem for the adaptive processing of data structures. In this paper, an improved algorithm is proposed to solve these problems. The idea of this algorithm is to optimize the free learning parameters of the neural network in the node representation by using least-squares-based optimization methods in a layer-by-layer fashion. Not only can fast convergence speed be achieved, but the long-term dependency problem can also be overcome since the vanishing of gradient information is avoided when our approach is applied to very deep tree structures.
CONJUGATION IN THE DESMID<i>CLOSTERIUM LITTORALE</i><sup>1</sup> (1971)

SUMMARY Conjugation in Closterium has been studied using sectioned material prepared for light and electron microscopy. Prior to conjugation, cells become dense and accumulate lipid droplets. Conjugation commences in paired cells with the formation through a point of mutual contact of a circumferential strip of papilla wall material which is not necessarily centrally situated in each cell. Some microtubules are initially present, near this specialized wall which grows all around each cell but asymmetrically so that the area of papillae in contact increases and each papilla balloons out toward the other, kinking the semicells. Vesicles probably contribute material to this wall. Microtubules disappear from near the papilla as it expands; they are then often found around the older semicell wall immediately adjacent to the papilla. An enlarging vacuole is always formed in each papilla. Cytoplasmic shrinkage is first evident from an accumulation of mucilage between the plasmalemma and wall at the tip of each semicell; the terminal vacuoles collapse and disappear. During further shrinkage of the protoplast, alveolate structures are common on the plasmalemma, and the papilla wall material separating the protoplasts thins out and disappears. Meanwhile, a profound general change renders the cytoplasm far less osmiophilic and stainable for both light and electron microscopy, as it becomes relatively homogeneous and granular, revealing a considerable loss in minor cytoplasmic structures; grana in the chloroplasts become bloated. These changes are not considered processing artefacts, but may result from a breakdown of vegetative cell structures no longer needed for zygote formation. After fusion, the zygote protoplast tends to round up. Zygote maturation commences with deposition of a multilayered wall and shrinkage of the protoplast. Then the very thick zygote wall proper is slowly secreted; meanwhile, very considerable cytoplasmic condensation now renders the cell increasingly osmiophilic and dense until ultrastructural detail becomes totally obscured. Fairly consistent changes in the appearance and probably in the function of the golgi bodies were noted. The results are discussed in terms of the possible function of cell organelles and their role in the mechanics of conjugation.
The Molecular Phenotype of Heart Transplant Biopsies: Relationship to Histopathological and Clinical Variables (2010)

Histopathology of endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) is the standard rejection surveillance for heart transplants. However, ISHLT consensus criteria for interpreting biopsies are arbitrarily defined. Gene expression offers an independent re-evaluation of existing diagnostic systems. We performed histologic and microarray analysis on 105 EMB from 45 heart allograft recipients. Histologic lesions, diagnosis and transcripts were compared to one another, time posttransplantation, indication for biopsy and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Histologic lesions presented in two groups: myocyte-interstitial and microcirculation lesions. Expression of transcript sets reflecting T cell and macrophage infiltration, and γ-interferon effects correlated strongly with each other and with transcripts indicating tissue/myocardium injury. This molecular phenotype correlated with Quilty (p < 0.005), microcirculation lesions (p < 0.05) and decreased LVEF (p < 0.007), but not with the histologic diagnosis of rejection. In multivariate analysis, LVEF was associated (p < 0.03) with γ-interferon inducible transcripts, time posttransplantation, ischemic injury and clinically indicated biopsies, but not the diagnosis of rejection. The results indicate that (a) the current ISHLT system for diagnosing rejection does not reflect the molecular phenotype in EMB and lacks clinical relevance; (b) the interpretation of Quilty lesions has to be revisited; (c) the assessment of molecules in heart biopsy can guide improvements of current diagnostics.
A strategy for decomposing large-scale energy-constrained sensor networks for system monitoring (2008)

Abstract This paper presents a strategy for the optimal decomposition of large-scale sensor networks, and subsequent design of the underlying sectioned Bayesian Network (BN) for valid inferencing of system health under energy constraints. Maximising energy efficiency is critical in facility maintenance information systems that do not provide the sensors with a continuous energy source. Guidelines for sectioning the BN into a distributed, multi-agent architecture that yields a decomposed network design and satisfies any physical and inferential constraints are presented. The overall decomposition problem is formulated as a nonlinear network optimisation problem, with the objective of minimising the cumulative energy used by the sensor network while satisfying any structural and inferential constraints of the sectioned BN, and the physical requirements specified by the problem domain. Efficient methods for decomposing sensor networks into a sectioned BN are proposed for a sample sensor network system, and the computational results are presented. Keywords: system monitoringfacility maintenancesensor networksenergy efficiencyBayesian network decompositionuncertain reasoning Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge funding provided to this research by the National Science Foundation under awards DMI-0122173, DMI-0330171 and DMI-0423469.
Cancellation of load regulation in low drop-out regulators (2002)

A method for cancelling load regulation, based on level shifting the reference, is proposed. In this architecture, the load current is monitored, sensed, and used to dynamically adapt the effective value of the reference voltage. The proposed architecture reduced a 2.5% load regulation droop to a mere 0.2%, without compromising system stability.
X‐ray bursts associated with leader steps in cloud‐to‐ground lightning (2005)

X‐ray and electric field measurements were made during five nearby negative natural lightning strikes in north central Florida during the summer of 2004. The observed X‐ray emission typically was detected ∼1 ms before the first return stroke, during the stepped‐leader phase, and had energies extending up to a few hundred keV. The X rays were produced in discrete, intense bursts emitted in coincidence with the formation of the leader steps, demonstrating unambiguously that the source of lightning X rays is closely related to the stepping process. The X‐ray emission from lightning stepped leaders is found to be remarkably similar to that from lightning dart leaders, suggesting that these different types of leaders share a common mechanism. The reported observations have important implications for understanding how runaway breakdown occurs and how lightning leaders propagate.
Novel Retrobulbar Anesthesia Technique Through the Sub-Tenon’s Space Using a Sharp Needle in a Blunt Cannula (2013)

This novel approach to retrobulbar anesthesia using a guarded cannula is safe and effective, causing less pain than the conventional technique.
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in mild and severe malaria of children from Kampala, Uganda (2013)

Diversity in parasite virulence is one of the factors that contribute to the clinical outcome of malaria infections. The association between the severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and the number of distinct parasite populations infecting the host (multiplicity of infection) or polymorphism within any of the specific antigen genes was investigated. The study included 164 children presenting with mild and severe malaria from central Uganda where malaria is meso-endemic. The polymorphic regions of the circumsporozoite protein (csp), merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (msp1 and msp2), and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction methods and fragment analysis by gel electrophoresis. In a subset of samples fragment analysis was also performed by fluorescent PCR genotyping followed by capillary electrophoresis. The multiplicity of infection (MOI), determined as the highest number of alleles detected within any of the four genetic loci, was significantly higher in severe than in mild malaria cases (mean 3.7 and 3.0, respectively, P=0.002). No particular genotype or allelic family of msp1 or msp2 was associated with severity of malaria, and nor did the genotyping method reveal any significant difference in MOI when only assessed by msp2 genotyping. Severity of malaria was not linked to the predominance of any particular msp1 or msp2 allelic types, independent of methods used for genotyping. Monitoring the dynamics of multiple clone infections in relation to disease outcome, host immune status and genetic factors will provide more insight into parasite virulence mechanisms.
Self-focusing of femtosecond diffraction-resistant vortex beams in water (2011)

We report experiments on self-focusing of femtosecond diffraction-resistant vortex beams in water. These beams are higher-order Bessel beams with weak azimuthal modulation of the transverse intensity patterns. The modulation overrides the self-focusing dynamics and results in the formation of regular bottlelike filament distributions. The peak-power thresholds for filamentation, at a particular distance, are relatively accurately estimated by the adaptation of the Marburger formula derived earlier for Gaussian beams. The nonlinear conversion of the incident conical waves into the localized spatial wave packets propagating near the beam axis is observed.
Surgical Management of Urethral Plugs in a Male Shih-Tzu Dog (2015)

A 6-year-old castrated male Shih-Tzu was admitted to the Gyeongsang Animal Medical Center with hematuria and vomiting. Serum chemistry indicated increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values. Radiography showed radiopaque materials attached to the ventralis of the inner bladder wall. Penile urethra also was filled with radiopaque materials. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral perineal effusion in the kidney, thinned bladder wall, and materials with acoustic shadowing at the caudal extremity of the os penis. Because urination was not identified by urinary obstruction, cystocentesis was performed. Hematuria was diagnosed by urinalysis, but clear crystals were not identified. Owing to failure of securing patency to the bladder using retrohydropropulsion, cystotomy and urethrotomy with retrohydropropulsion were performed. In this report, we describe the clinical and radiographic findings of urethral plugs in a male Shih-Tzu dog, wherein the urethral plugs were treated successfully with hydropropulsion, cystotomy, and urethrotomy. It provides an option for the treatment of urethral plugs in a dog.
Indirect Intracranial Volume Measurements Using CT Scans: Clinical Applications for Craniosynostosis (1992)

This paper describes a method for obtaining indirect intracranial volume measurements using CT scans with CTpak, a software package for quantitative analysis of CT scan data. The validity of this technique was confirmed by comparing direct measurement of the intracranial volume of five dry skulls with axial scans at 1.5- and 4-mm slice intervals to determine indirect volume. The indirect intracranial volume measurement technique was then used to compare preoperative and postoperative intracranial volume in 30 patients with craniosynostosis who underwent cranial vault and orbital osteotomies with reshaping and advancement. Our findings show that the suture release and simultaneous reshaping procedures usually carried out are, in fact, associated with increased intracranial volume. The observed intracranial volume gain is attributable to a combination of factors, including the surgical procedure carried out and ongoing growth. These factors are further modified by the diagnosis, age of the patient, and time interval between CT scans.
Nitrogen distribution on rapid solidification in laser welded duplex stainless steels (2000)

Microstructural features of LASER welded duplex stainless steels have been studied from viewpoints of nitrogen distribution and its effects on pitting corrosion resistance. The experiment was conducted by means of 25 kW CO2 LASER welding process without filler metals.Nitrogen supersaturation in ferrite phase due to rapid solidification of LASER weld metal was observed in the as-welded conditions. Pitting resistance was extremely improved in case of high nitrogen steels welded by LASER. On the other hand, local nitrogen depletion near the interface in the ferrite phase, where pitting occurred, was also observed. It was due to the migration of nitrogen from ferrite to austenite.Ferrite-austenite ratio and distributions of elements were restored as same as base metal after short time solution heat treatment. Pitting resistance was restored when the cooling rate was high by preventing nitrogen evolution.These nitrogen supersaturation, local depletion and evolution phenomena could be explained by the calculation based on nitrogen diffusion.
Synthetic analogs of the trail pheromone of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta texana (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic analogs of the trail pheromone of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta texanaPhilip E. Sonnet and John C. MoserCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1972, 20, 6, 1191–1194Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60184a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60184a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cardiac Metallothionein Induction Plays the Major Role in the Prevention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Zinc Supplementation (2006)

These results suggest that the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy by zinc supplementation is predominantly mediated by an increase in cardiac MT.
Hydrogen photoproduction by Nafion/cadmium sulfide/platinum films in water/sulfide ion solutions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen photoproduction by Nafion/cadmium sulfide/platinum films in water/sulfide ion solutionsAlbert W. H. Mau, Chorng Bao Huang, Noriyoshi Kakuta, Allen J. Bard, Alan Campion, Marye A. Fox, J. Michael White, and Stephen E. WebberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 22, 6537–6542Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00334a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views692Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts