gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro morphogenetic competence of basal sprouts and crown branches of mature chestnut (1991)

Basal shoots of five clones of mature chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill. and C. sativa x C. crenata Siebold & Zucc.) had a greater capacity for in vitro establishment, multiplication and rooting than crown branches of the same trees. Cultures from basal shoots were more responsive than crown-derived cultures in terms of in vitro reactivity (proportion of the explants with shoot development), the mean number of shoots formed per explant, the length of the tallest shoot in each culture, and the multiplication coefficient (defined as the product of the reactivity and the mean number of shoots per explant). Multiplication coefficients were greatest between subcultures 6 and 12, but subculturing failed to increase the rooting potential of shoots of crown origin. Multiplication and rooting rates were also determined for clones derived from seeds of mature trees. Genotype influenced the in vitro performance of clones of both adult and seedling origins.
Yea Big, Yea High: A 3D User Interface for Surface Selection by Progressive Refinement in Virtual Environments (2018)

We present Yea Big, Yea High - a 3D user interface for surface selection in virtual environments. The interface extends previous selection interfaces that support exploratory visualization and 3D modeling. While these systems primarily focus on selecting single objects, Yea Big, Yea High allows users to select part of a surface mesh, a common task for data analysis, model editing, or annotation. The selection can be progressively refined by physically indicating a region of interest between a user's hands. We describe the design of the interface and key challenges we encountered. We present findings from a case study exploring design choices and use of the system.
Analyzing The Effects Of Partial Gravity On Skeletal Integrity (2012)

The effect of partial gravity (G) (as on the Lunar surface) on weightbearing bone remains undefined; a new model (the partial G mouse) provides for graded reductions in weightbearing. It was hypothesized that mice exposed to 1/6th G and 1/3rd G (to mimic Lunar weightbearing with full spacesuit) will experience significant reductions in cortical bone mass as compared to ambulatory control animals but that the magnitude of these changes would be less than in 0G mice. Methods: Fifty-eight BALB/cBy female mice were randomly assigned to cage control (1G), ?zero-gravity? hindlimb unloaded (0G), 1/6th gravity (G/6), or 1/3rd gravity (G/3) groups for a 21-day suspension protocol. Ex vivo pQCT scans (XCT-M Stratec; Norland Corp.) were performed at the midshaft of the excised tibia and humerus to measure volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content, and cross-sectional geometry. Results: Total body mass significantly decreased (-7.6%) in 0G mice but not in the G/3 or G/6 groups. Relative to the 1G group, cortical shell BMC at the midshaft of the tibia was significantly lower in the 0G, G/6, and G/3 mice but did not differ among the unloaded mice. Cortical area and thickness at the humerus midshaft were significantly lower in the 0G, G/6 and G/3 mice compared to the 1G mice. Cortical density at the midshaft of the humerus exhibited significant reductions in the 0G and G/6 mice, but not in G/3 mice. There was no significant difference in cortical bone geometry between the 0G, G/6, and G/3 groups at the midshaft of the humerus or tibia. Conclusion: These data suggest that partial weight-bearing (as high as G/3) does not provide enough mechanical loading to prevent the significant deterioration of most cortical bone parameters observed in the 0G non-weightbearing condition.
Use of nude mouse xenograft models in prostate cancer research (2000)

Xenograft models are important for elucidating regulatory pathways of tumor growth and progression and are indispensible for testing of new treatment modalities.
Polycrystalline Gold Electrodes: A Comparative Study of Pretreatment Procedures Used for Cleaning and Thiol Self‐Assembly Monolayer Formation (2005)

Abstract The influence of different surface pretreatment procedures on the electrochemical response of a polycrystalline gold electrode was evaluated. Mechanical polishing with slurry alumina (M), chemical oxidation with H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 (C), electrochemical polishing (potential cycling between −0.1 V and 1.2 V vs. SCE) (E), chemical reduction with ethanol, and combinations among these treatments were employed to change the surface electrode characteristics. The efficiency of the proposed pretreatments was evaluated by electrochemical responses towards the redox couple ferri(II/III)‐ammonium sulfate and by the formation of a self‐assembly monolayer of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (3 MPA SAM) on gold electrodes. The procedure (C) allowed important gold surfaces activation. Using procedures (C) and (E) the roughness of polycrystalline gold surfaces was significantly minimized and more reproducible surfaces could be obtained. From the profile of reductive desorption of 3 MPA SAM it was possible to verify that reduced gold surfaces generated better packed monolayers than oxidized ones and a comparative study using CV and DPV techniques showed that between the two desorption peaks, the one localized at more negative potential values corresponds to the cleavage of Au‐S bond from the chemisorbed thiol. In general, the improvement in the studied electrochemical responses could not only be attributed to an increase in the real surface area of the electrode, but to the chemical surface states set off by the pretreatment procedure.
Simple and effective link-time optimization of Modula-3 programs (1995)

Modula-3 supports development of modular programs by separating an object's interface from its implementation. This separation induces a runtime overhead in the implementation of objects, because it prevents the compiler from having complete information about a program's type hierarchy. This overhead can be reduced at link time, when the entire type hierarchy becomes available. We describe opportunities for link-time optimization of Modula-3, present two link-time optimizations that reduce the runtime costs of Modula-3's opaque types and methods, and show how link-time optimization could provide C++ which the benefits of opaques types at no additional runtime cost. Our optimization techniques are implemented in mld, a retargetable linker for the MIPS, SPARC, and Intel 486, mld links a machine-independent intermediate code that is suitable for link-time optimization and code generation. Linking intermediate code simplifies implementation of the optimizations and makes it possible to evaluate them on a wide range of architectures. mld's optimizations are effective: they reduce the total number of instructions executed by up to 14% and convert as many as 79% of indirect calls to direct calls.
Tumoricidal Activity of RNase A and DNase I (2010)

In our work the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of RNase A and DNase I were studied using two murine models of pulmonary (Lewis lung carcinoma) and liver (hepatoma A-1) metastases. We found that intramuscular administration of RNase A at the dose range of 0.1-50 μg/kg retarded the primary tumor growth by 20-40%, and this effect disappeared with the increase in RNase A dose over 0.5 mg/kg. DNase I showed no effect on the primary tumor growth. The intramuscular administration of RNase A (0.35-7 μg/kg) or DNase I (0.02-2.3 mg/kg) resulted in a considerable decrease in the metastasis number into the lungs of animals with Lewis lung carcinoma and a decrease of the hepatic index of animals with hepatoma 1A. A histological analysis of the organs occupied by metastases revealed that the administration of RNase A and DNase I induced metastasis pathomorphism as manifested by the destruction of oncocytes, an increase in necrosis and apoptosis foci in metastases, and mononuclear infiltration. Our data indicated that RNase A and DNase I are highly promising as supplementary therapeutics for the treatment of metastasizing tumors.
Gas-processing technology for integrating coal gasifiers with molten-carbonate fuel cells (1982)

The various gas processing options for integrating coal gasification processes with molten carbonate fuel cells have been reviewed. This review suggests that an advanced gas processing scheme operating at elevated temperatures has the potential for reducing the electricity costs from an integrated plant by about 3.5 mills/kwh. Additional reductions in electricity costs of roughly 6 mills/kwh may also be derived if a methane-producing, low-temperature gasification process is integrated with an internal methane-reforming molten carbonate fuel cell. This further reduces waste heat recovery requirements and improves the conversion efficiency of the molten carbonate fuel cell. Based on this review, it appears that research on advanced gas processing options should continue. One area in which significant additional research is needed for the advanced scheme is the removal of trace-metal-containing compounds and halogen-containing compounds.
Encapsulation of vinblastine into new liposome formulations prepared from triticum (wheat germ) lipids and its activity against human leukemic cell lines. (2001)

Liposomes prepared from lipids isolated from Triticum sp. (wheat germ) were used to investigate the percentage of Vinblastine encapsulation and its retention into liposomes. The wheat germ total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated using chromatographic techniques. The type of lipids and their percentage content have been examined by TLC coupled with an FID (latroscan). Two liposomal formulations, i.e., I and II, with encapsulated vinblastine, and formulation III (empty liposomes) have been prepared by thin film hydration method. The cytotoxic/cytostatic activity of these liposomal formulations have been examined against nine human leukemic cell lines. The results showed that the percentage content of vinblastine into liposomes I and II depended on the lipid composition and it was greater into formulation II (> 90%). The retention of the drug into liposomes was studied and found to be time-dependent at 37 degrees C. For the cytotoxic/cytostatic activity, the parameters GI50, TGI, LC50 were estimated according to the instructions given by the NCI. The results show that formulation III (empty liposomes), exhibited a growth inhibiting activity, against the most tested cell lines. Formulation II showed mean of LC50 at 124.6 nM, mean of TGI at 71.6 nM and mean of GI50 at 30.8 nM.
An automatic light spectrum compensation method for CCD white balance measurement (1997)

The light source spectrum of a test system has been used to compensate the CCD response under mid-range exposure for variations in the illuminator. The CCD white balance can then be calculated and screened based on the ratios of the compensated R, G and B signals. First, a reference response is calculated based on the convolution of a reference light spectrum with a representative CCD responsivity. Then a current theoretical response is calculated by replacing the reference spectrum with the current light spectrum. The ratio of the reference response and current theoretical response provides the spectrum compensation factors to correct the measured CCD response in each of the three color channels. With these corrections, a CCD white balance measurement will reflect the true color filter characteristics. Error analysis shows that without correction, a light source spectral shift can cause a first order error in the sensitivity measurement. However the proposed correction method compensates this spectrum-induced error while introducing only a second order error from the difference of the responsivity curves between the CCD-under-test and the reference CCD.
Plant folklore: a tool for predicting sources of antitumor activity? (1976)

The National Cancer Institute's record of "active plants" (extracts which showed a significant inhibitory effect in experimental tumor systems) was compared with plants reported in folklore to have medicinal or poisonous properties. The occurrence of active plants was found to be higher in plants reported in folk literature than in plants collected at random, suggesting a correlation between plants used in folklore and those with anticancer activity.
Cell Communication Mechanisms in the Vertebrate Retina The Proctor Lecture (2008)

The vertebrate retina has a unique position within the panoply of the nervous system networks: Our understanding of its complex circuitry of interacting neurons and glia has become the gold standard of our current knowledge of network operations. This presentation is about work from my laboratory that contributed to some of the concepts that support our contemporary views of the functional retina. Early in the pursuit of retinal function, a vital issue was that of understanding the synaptic mechanisms and neurotransmitters required for information to flow from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells. My research contributions to this effort include the discovery of inhibition and the GABA and glycine modes of inhibitory mechanisms. Our work on inhibition was followed by the discovery of the APB (mGluR6) receptor of On bipolars, the first metabotropic glutamate receptor described in the nervous system. This finding was followed by a body of work carried out in salamander and rabbit retinas on the pathways of glutamatergic excitation revealed through the use of agonists and antagonists of increasing selectivity. We separated sign-conserving from sign-inverting responses in the outer retina and provided compelling evidence that bipolars, like photoreceptors, had a glutamatergic mode of neurotransmission. We identified NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) and KA (kainic acid)/AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors in amacrine and ganglion cells and revealed that both receptor classes are activated by light. Additional studies on neuropeptides illustrated how many of these, including substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin have actions such that they should be considered major neuromodulators in the retina. My laboratory also made significant contributions to structure-function relationships and mechanisms of glial-neuronal interactions.
UA3/3/1 Founders Day Nov. 15, 1967 (1967)

Founders Day speech written and presented by Lowell Harrison with letter from Kelly Thompson. Original found in President Kelly Thompson's papers.
Area-efficient scaling-free DFT/FFT design using stochastic computing (2016)

Among various discrete transforms, discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) is the most important technique that performs Fourier analysis in various practical applications, such as digital signal processing, wireless communications, to name a few. Due to its ultra-high computing complexity as O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), in practice the N-point DFT is usually performed in the form of fast Fourier transformation (FFT) with complexity as O(NlogN). Despite this significant reduction in computing complexity, the hardware cost of the multiplication-intensive N-point FFT is still very prohibitive; especially for many large-scale applications that requires large N.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in patients with bronchiectasis (2005)

NTM are uncommon in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Routine screening identifies otherwise unsuspected patients. MAC is the most frequent NTM isolated.
Electromyography in MRI—First recordings of peripheral nerve activation caused by fast magnetic field gradients (2000)

Prior studies on the evaluation of stimulation by MRI were based on the subjective feeling of the volunteers. A wide variety of stimulation thresholds between the subjects was observed. In order to exclude subjective perception levels as a cause of this variation, we developed a method to investigate the activation of peripheral nerves after gradient switching by electromyography (EMG) within the MR-imager. Five healthy volunteers were positioned in the MR-scanner with the bridge of the nose at isocenter. The amplitude of sinusoidal pulse trains of the anterior–posterior gradient (rise-times: 200 or 300 μs, various numbers of oscillations) was increased stepwise. Four surface electrodes were placed on the region where a muscle-twitch was reported. Electric activity of the muscle during stimulation experiments was recorded with an MR-compatible electro-physiologic amplifier. Stimulation thresholds were defined by the appearance of an EMG-signal. Thresholds were sharp and consistent with the report of the subjects. Magn Reson Med 43:534–539, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Impact and cost of modeling memories for ATPG for partial scan designs (2002)

Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) for state-of-the-art commercial grade circuits is far more complex and requires much more engineering than for the ISCAS benchmark circuits. One among the several reasons for this increased complexity is the presence of embedded memories or register arrays in the circuit. Most ATPG research has focussed solely on algorithmic techniques for test generation disregarding much of the engineering aspects required to make automatic test generation a commercial reality. While commercial ATPG tools have provides memory simple primitives to model memories, a significant amount of expertise, research and design rule checking is required to utilize the ATPG provided primitives to usefully model memories and obtain substantial amounts of additional fault-coverage in a true partial scan industrial design of considerable size. In this paper we discuss a memory modeling methodology that shows promise and we present results to show its effectiveness in terms of increased fault-coverage.
The prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor correlations in squamous cell cervical carcinoma. (2007)

These data suggest that the prognostic relevance of the different HER receptors is influenced by the balance between the various receptors, especially of HER4.
Overview on Techniques in Cluster Analysis (2009)

Clustering is the unsupervised, semisupervised, and supervised classification of patterns into groups. The clustering problem has been addressed in many contexts and disciplines. Cluster analysis encompasses different methods and algorithms for grouping objects of similar kinds into respective categories. In this chapter, we describe a number of methods and algorithms for cluster analysis in a stepwise framework. The steps of a typical clustering analysis process include sequentially pattern representation, the choice of the similarity measure, the choice of the clustering algorithm, the assessment of the output, and the representation of the clusters.
Binding of Streptavidin with Biotinylated Thermosensitive Nanospheres Based on Poly(<i>N,N</i>-diethylacrylamide-<i>co</i>-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (2007)

Thermosensitive polymer nanospheres based on N,N-diethylacrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) have been prepared, characterized, and conjugated with biotin. The thermosensitivity of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) was enhanced by the incorporation of HEMA up to about 40 mol %. Atomic force microscopic images show that these particles can be closely packed even without the surface charges as in the latex particles. Biotinylation reduces the thermosensitivity of the copolymer nanospheres. The biotinylated hydrogel nanospheres showed a reduction in size upon binding with streptavidin, indicating the formation of a less hydrophilic conjugate. No aggregation of the biotinylated particles due to the cross-linking effect of streptavidin was observed. This size change could be reversed by the addition of free biotin to the system. The interaction is specific, and no such changes were observed when streptavidin was replaced by bovine serum albumin.
[Problems for discussion on the creation and use of bacterial preparations for the correction of the microflora of warm-blooded animals]. (1993)

Different aspects of interrelation between macro- and microorganisms are considered in the paper. The phenomenon of rapid translocation of the exogenic microflora into blood and organs of the hot-blood animals opened by the authors is analyzed in detail. Strategy and tactics of application of biopreparations from living microbiol cultures are discussed as based on the authors' experimental data as well as on numerous data from literature.
A dose-response study of atenolol in mild to moderate hypertension in general practice (1977)

A double-blind, crossover, multicentre study of 98 previously untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension was carried out in general practice to assess the effect of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg atenolol, given once daily, compared with that of placebo over a period of 4 weeks each. At the end of the double-blind phase, all patients took 100 mg atenolol daily for a further 8 weeks. All three doses of atenolol produced statistically significant falls in systolic and diastolic pressure and pulse rate (p less than 0.001). The lowest pressures were achieved with 100 mg daily; a difference of 22/15 mmHg at the end of the double-bling phase, and a difference of 25/16 mmHg at the final observation. Body weight, blood urea, blood uric acid, and serum electrolytes remained within normal limits throughout the study. The incidence of side-effects with 50 mg and 100 mg atenolol was not significantly different from that caused by placebo, but the incidence of tiredness at the 200 mg dose level was greater than that caused by placebo and by the lower doses. The incidence of possible side-effects elicited by a questionnaire was low, the greatest number being volunteered by patients taking placebo. It is concluded that the optimal dose of atenolol for treating patients with mild to moderate hypertension in general practice is 100 mg daily.
Suspoemulsions with Improved Stability and Correlation of Long Term Stability with the Zeta Potential (1996)

The word stability is ambiguous in colloidal science and means different things for different people. In suspoemulsions or concentrates it is possible to identify at least three different physical processes which may lead to instability in a particulate system. For example change in particle size may be due to Ostwald's ripening, particle aggregation and particle sedimentation. Therefore an understanding of behavior of fine particles, and their interactions with the inert ingredients in a suspoemulsion or suspension formulation is necessary to develop a stable formulation. The behavior of these fine particles in aqueous suspoemulsion is a cumulative function of electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic interactions with the inert ingredients and other physical processes. This paper discusses the processes and techniques involved in the stabilization of suspoemulsion / suspension concentrates. A Model pesticidal formulations was chosen to study the effect of surfactant system on the stability of the formulation and its dilution performance. Further attempts were made to correlate the physical long term stability of the formulation with change in particle size, distribution and Zeta potential measurements.
Combined matched filter and arbitrary interpolator for symbol timing synchronization in SDR receivers (2010)

This paper describes a low complexity multi-rate synchronizer that makes use of a polyphase filter bank to simultaneously perform matched-filtering and arbitrary interpolation for symbol timing synchronization in a sampled-data receiver. Arbitrary Interpolation between available sample points is achieved by selecting the appropriate filter in the bank having the polyphase partitioned matched filter, which provides the optimal sampling time. Two different structures are considered which are modified to perform combined arbitrary resampling. The computational complexity is analyzed to have the resource optimal solution. Simulation results are analyzed and their resource utilization for Virtex-5 FPGA implementation is presented.