gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low noise silicon microwave transistor made by ion-implantation (1969)

A low noise silicon microwave transistor has been developed using ion-implantation technology. For reduction of the noise figure of microwave transistors, it is necessary to keep the base width small enough while maintaining the total base impurity above a certain limit. It has not been possible to meet this requirement with conventional double diffused structures because of the error function-like impurity profile and the undesirable emitter dip effect. The impurity profile of an ion-implanted base is more step-like and can be advantageously used for the base region of microwave transistors if the profile is not substantially disturbed by subsequent heat treatments. An arsenic-diffused and washed emitter method has been developed. An arsenic doped germano-silicate glass film which has a very fast etch rate was used as a diffusion source. Emitter dip free structures with arsenic surface concentrations in excess of 1.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> have been realized with this method.
The Dipole Microphone (1945)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Benjamin Olney, Frank H. Slaymaker, Willard F. Meeker; The Dipole Microphone. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1945; 16 (3): 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1916277 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Gender-Related Difference in Left Ventricular Diastolic Elastance During Exercise in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic elastance is abnormal during exercise, but not at rest, in patients with diabetes without overt heart disease. Female gender was associated with increased LV stiffness during exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes.
A novel approach to American Sign Language (ASL) phrase verification using reversed signing (2010)

We propose a novel approach for American Sign Langauge (ASL) phrase verification that combines confidence measures (CM) obtained from aligning forward sign models (the conventional approach) to the input data with the CM's obtained from aligning reversed sign models to the same input. To demonstrate our approach we have used two CM's, the Normalized likelihood score and the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR).We perform leave-one-signer-out cross validation on a dataset of 420 ASL phrases obtained from five deaf children playing an educational game called CopyCat. The results show that for the new method the alignment selected for signs in a test phrase has a significantly better match to the ground truth when compared to the traditional approach. Additionally, when a low false reject rate is desired the new technique can provide a better verification accuracy as compared to the conventional approach.
Isolation and characterization of two new herpes-like viruses from capuchin monkeys (1976)

Two herpes-like viruses were isolated from capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) brain and (Cebus albifrons) spleen cell cultures, respectively. Both isolates induced similar cytopathic effects consisting of rounded and ballooned cells in the original monkey cell cultures and in a wide range of permissive cell types. Neutralizing antibody to each virus was present in serum from the capuchin monkey from which it was isolated, but the two viruses did not cross-react by neutralization. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates of hyperimmune rabbit serum to one of the isolates showed an antigenic cross relationship between the two isolates. By electron microscopy, herpes-like virus particles were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected human diploid fibroblast cell cultures. Virus-infected cell cultures stained with acridine orange revealed small deoxyribonucleic acid-containing intranuclear inclusion bodies. Both viruses were inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and inactivated by chloroform or exposure to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Antisera prepared against 16 prototype herpesviruses and cytomegaloviruses did not neutralize approximately 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of either capuchin isolate. Neutralizing antibody to the capuchin isolates was detected in sera from 8 of 17 capuchin monkeys but not in sera from 16 humans, 15 chimpanzees, and 10 spider, 6 rhesus, and 5 squirrel monkeys.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Indole‐2‐carboxylates: Versatile Introduction of a Carbamoyl Moiety at the C‐3 Position. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resolving interferometric step-height measurement ambiguities using a priori information (1991)

One of the principal concepts of sub-Nyquist interferometry is the use of all available knowledge about a surface to extend the available measurement range. The use of <i>a priori</i> information in resolving the ambiguities found in interferometric step-height measurements is explored. Information about the height of a step that has been obtained by another measurement technique or through process parameters, such as etch rate, may be used for this purpose. The theory behind this type of measurement and experimental results are presented.
Effects of ligand binding on the dynamics of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein 1: A model from molecular simulations (2008)

Plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins constituted mainly of alpha-helices and stabilized by four conserved disulfide bridges. They are characterized by the presence of a tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity, capable of transferring various lipid molecules between lipid bilayers in vitro. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed at room temperature to investigate the effects of lipid binding on the dynamic properties of rice nsLTP1. Rice nsLTP1, either in the free form or complexed with one or two lipids was subjected to MD simulations. The C-terminal loop was very flexible both before and after lipid binding, as revealed by calculating the root-mean-square fluctuation. After lipid binding, the flexibility of some residues that were not in direct contact with lipid molecules increased significantly, indicating an increase of entropy in the region distal from the binding site. Essential dynamics analysis revealed clear differences in motion between unliganded and liganded rice nsLTP1s. In the free form of rice nsLTP1, loop1 exhibited the largest directional motion. This specific essential motion mode diminished after binding one or two lipid molecules. To verify the origin of the essential motion observed in the free form of rice nsLTP1, we performed multiple sequence alignments to probe the intrinsic motion encoded in the primary sequence. We found that the amino acid sequence of loop1 is highly conserved among plant nsLTP1s, thus revealing its functional importance during evolution. Furthermore, the sequence of loop1 is composed mainly of amino acids with short side chains. In this study, we show that MD simulations, together with essential dynamics analysis, can be used to determine structural and dynamic differences of rice nsLTP1 upon lipid binding.
Influence of Culture Conditions on the Length of the Lag Period of Chlorophyll Synthesis in Preilluminated Dark-grown <i>Euglena</i> (1976)

Two parameters of the potentiation process, the lengths of preillumination and of the subsequent dark phase have been determined for Euglena cells which had been grown in the dark under two different culture conditions. In both cases a maximum potentiation response is obtained after a preillumination period of about 2 hours. The minimum length of the dark period necessary for maximum potentiation changes from 1 hour for cells which contain, at the moment of illumination, a high paramylum content, to 6 hours for cells which have a low paramylum content.
Some Identities Concerning the Function Subst [x; y; z] (1962)

Revised March 1962
Transistor Action by Transit Time Phase Shift - a Study for SiGe Based Devices (1998)

In the present paper we report on a study on extended frequency operation in Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor structures. Calculations based on the results from a previous survey show the conditions for which an active behaviour in excess offmax can be obtained High frequency transistors with various shaped base potentials are produced and the unilateral gain is deduced from S-parameter measurements. A first indication of an active behaviour at frequencies above fmax is observed. This preliminary study serves as a guideline for designing structures which enables extended frequency operation.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparation Increases Myoplasmic Calcium Concentration by Activating the Dihydropyridine-Ryanodine Receptor Complex (1998)

A human intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (IVIg) released Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cultured human skeletal muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking the dihydropyridine-ryanodine receptor complex abrogated the IVIg-mediated Ca2+ response, whereas inhibition of the voltage-operated Na+-channels or acetylcholine receptors did not. This effect of IVIg was not mediated by its main component, the IgG molecules, and differed between preparations from different manufacturers. Heating destroyed the activity. Data shows that an unidentified serum protein present in IVIg can influence human muscle cells by an effect on the dihydropyridine receptor. This phenomenon may be important in interpreting the (side) effects of IVIg in neuromuscular diseases.
An in vitro test of the efficacy of silver-containing wound dressings against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in simulated wound fluid (2013)

An isothermal microcalorimetric assay was used to quantify the efficacy of a silver-containing wound dressing against two common wound pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth patterns of the two species were unique and varied depending on the environment in which the organisms were grown. Addition of non-silver-containing dressing altered the growth kinetics while addition of silver (contained either in a dressing or as AgNO3 solution) was seen to elicit inhibition and/or kill depending on concentration. Tests were conducted in nutrient broth and simulated wound fluid. It was found that minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration values were higher in simulated wound fluid and under anaerobic conditions. Bioavailability of silver from the wound dressing was 35% against S. aureus in nutrient broth and 68% against both species in simulated wound fluid. The data highlight the importance of developing and conducting in vitro assays in biorelevant media.
The spatial distribution of polarization and space charge in sputtered PZT thin films (2002)

In this work, the laser-intensity-modulation method (LIMM), e.g. the measurement of a pyroelectric current caused by the interaction of thermal waves generated by an intensity modulated laser and the spatially distributed polarization and space charge, and capacitance-voltage characteristics are used for a separate polarization and space charge determination for sputtered PZT films. Assumptions concerning the nature of the space charge centers were made.
Circadian Neural Rhythms in Mammals (1985)

A number of different experimental findings indicate that endogenous circadian neural rhythms are generated within the SCN region of mammals. Rhythmic neural signals from the SCN directly, or indirectly, appear to regulate many, if not all, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral circadian rhythms. The circadian system in mammals is referred to as being "multioscillatory" in nature, although this term is often used to mean different things. The SCN itself may contain many circadian neural oscillators and the coordinated output of these multioscillators may regulate circadian rhythms. The term multioscillatory is also used to indicate the presence of anatomically distinct oscillators. However, the location and properties of circadian pacemakers that may lie outside of the SCN region remain unknown. Indeed, there is no conclusive evidence that circadian rhythms can be generated over a prolonged period of time in the absence of the SCN in mammals maintained under constant environmental conditions. Whereas the SCN appears capable of generating circadian neural signals indefinitely in the absence of any 24-hr fluctuations in the external environment, other components of the circadian system may function as damped oscillators (i.e. persist for only a few cycles in the absence of a periodic input) and/or only emit diurnal rhythms in the presence of rhythmic input from either the external (e.g. light-dark cycle) and/or internal (e.g. SCN) environment. On a conceptual as well as a physiological level, our understanding of the organization of the mammalian circadian system remains limited at the present time. Unfortunately, the limitations on our understanding of the circadian system are not always fully appreciated, and quite often a hypothesis based on limited experimental data is treated as fact. The study of the circadian system is still in the early stages of development, and further progress in elucidating the physiological mechanisms underlying the generation and expression of circadian rhythms may require new ways of looking at old problems as well as new experimental approaches. One final comment should be made concerning the importance of an increased understanding of circadian rhythms for human health. Because the study of the physiology of the circadian system is still in its early stages of development, little is known about the importance of the normal functioning of the circadian system for the health and well-being of the organism. Recent studies in humans suggest that disorders within the circadian system itself may be involved in the etiology of at least some forms of mental illness.
Photonic Time-stretch Offers Solution to Ultrafast Analog-to-digital Conversion (1998)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. Jalali, F. Coppinger, and A. S. Bhushan, "Photonic Time-stretch Offers Solution to Ultrafast Analog-to-digital Conversion," Optics & Photonics News 9(12), 31-32 (1998) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles) (2017)

The European badger (<i>Meles meles</i>) is a reservoir host of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> and responsible for a proportion of the tuberculosis (TB) cases seen in cattle in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. An injectable preparation of the <i>bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i> (BCG) vaccine is licensed for use in badgers in the UK and its use forms part of the bovine TB eradication plans of England and Wales. However, there are practical limitations to the widespread application of an injectable vaccine for badgers and a research priority is the development of an oral vaccine deliverable to badgers in bait. Previous studies reported the successful vaccination of badgers with oral preparations of 10<sup>8</sup> colony forming units (CFU) of both Pasteur and Danish strains of BCG contained within a lipid matrix composed of triglycerides of fatty acids. Protection against TB in these studies was expressed as a reduction in the number and apparent progression of visible lesions, and reductions in the bacterial load and dissemination of infection. To reduce the cost of an oral vaccine and reduce the potential for environmental contamination with BCG, it is necessary to define the minimal efficacious dose of oral BCG for badgers. The objectives of the two studies reported here were to compare the efficacy of BCG Danish strain in a lipid matrix with unformulated BCG given orally, and to evaluate the efficacy of BCG Danish in a lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower dose than previously evaluated in badgers. In the first study, both BCG unformulated and in a lipid matrix reduced the number and apparent progression of visible lesions and the dissemination of infection from the lung. In the second study, vaccination with BCG in the lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower dose produced a similar outcome, but with greater intra-group variability than seen with the higher dose in the first study. Further research is needed before we are able to recommend a final dose of BCG for oral vaccination of badgers against TB or to know whether oral vaccination of wild badgers with BCG will significantly reduce transmission of the disease.
Contraction pattern of opossum gallbladder during fasting and after feeding (1986)

Our major aims in this study were to determine in unanesthetized opossums the gallbladder volume, pressure, and tone during fasting as well as after feeding, model the kinetics of changes in gallbladder volume, and correlate gallbladder contractility with concurrent spike burst activity in the upper gastrointestinal tract and sphincter of Oddi (SO). In 10 animals, we implanted electrodes on the gastric antrum, duodenum, SO, and jejunum. An indwelling catheter monitored gallbladder pressure and volume. In two animals, a force transducer sutured to the gallbladder wall monitored gallbladder tone. In each animal, fasting migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) were recorded in the stomach and small bowel. Cyclic changes in SO spike bursts occurred in synchrony with the MMCs. During fasting, gallbladder pressure, tone, and volume showed cyclic variations. During the second half of the duodenal MMC cycle, the gallbladder exhibited phasic as well as tonic contractions associated with net gallbladder emptying, whereas during the first half of the cycle the gallbladder relaxed and refilled. Minimal gallbladder volume during the MMC cycle averaged 4.8 +/- 0.7 (SE) ml compared with a maximal volume of 7.0 +/- 0.9 ml. Decreases in gallbladder volume occurred as an exponential function, whereas increases in gallbladder were linear. After feeding, the gallbladder underwent a sustained tonic contraction, without superimposed phasic contractions. Decreases in gallbladder volume occurred exponentially to a residual volume of 2.0 +/- 0.5 ml. Net postprandial gallbladder emptying was maximal by 40 min; then the volume remained unchanged for 2-3 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generalized Fractals for Computer Generated Art: Preliminary Results (2017)

This paper explores new types of fractals created by iteration of the functions xn+1 = f1(xn, yn) and yn+1 = f2(xn, yn) in a general plane, rather than in the complex plane. Iteration of such functions generates orbits with novel fractal patterns. Especially interesting are N-th order polynomials, raised to a positive or negative integer power, p. Such functions create novel fractal patterns, including budding, spiked, striped, dragon head, and bat-like forms. The present faculty working paper shows how to create a rich variety of complex and fascinating fractals using this generalized approach, which is accessible to students with high school level skills in mathematics and coding.
A comparison of the long-term durability of nevirapine, efavirenz and lopinavir in routine clinical practice in Europe: a EuroSIDA study (2010)

The long-term durability of nevirapine-based cART, based on risk of all-cause discontinuation and development of long-term adverse events, was comparable to that of efavirenz or lopinavir, in patients in routine clinical practice across Europe who initially tolerated and virologically responded to their regimen.
Spectroscopy of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>29</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>via the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>28</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi/><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>reaction (1974)

Excitation functions have been measured for inelastic proton scattering from the 1.78 MeV, ${2}^{+}$ first excited state of $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ between 3.1 and 5.7 MeV. Two previously unidentified resonances corresponding to states in $^{29}\mathrm{P}$ with excitation energies of 6.577 and 7.272 MeV have been observed. Triple angular correlations in the Goldfarb-Seyler geometry have been measured as a function of energy over all the resonances observed in the inelastic excitation function. Information obtained from the angular correlation data has been combined with previous information concerning these states to allow ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments for 9 of the 11 states observed.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(p,{p}_{1})$, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$, $E=3.1\ensuremath{-}5.7$ MeV. $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(p,{p}_{1}\ensuremath{\gamma})$, measured $p\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ correlations, deduced ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ of $^{29}\mathrm{P}$ levels.
A Finescale Lagrangian Instrument System (2001)

A new deployment scheme for the Moored Profiler instrument in which the vehicle cycles along a freely-drifting tether was designed and field tested. The goal of the drifting tether system is to acquire finescale temporal information that is less contaminated by Doppler shifting by the large-scale background flow than is achievable from conventional, bottom-anchored moorings. An initial trial of the concept targeting the upper ocean was carried out off Bermuda in November 2001 with an instrument profiling between 12 and 28O-m depth. The result- ant temperature and salinity data were of good quality and clearly documented diurnal stratification changes at the surface. Individual velocity profile data exhibited significant "noise" in the upper 75 m due to surface wave motions; at greater depth this noise was greatly reduced. And despite the wave noise, inertial oscillations in the surface mixed layer were clearly evident after modest temporal and depth filtering. Based on this successful trial, plans have been made to use the instrument system in an upcoming study of deep winter convection and Eighteen Degree Water formation.