gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exhibitions: New York (1941)

AbstractTo judge from this year's Annual Exhibition of American Painting at the Whitney Museum, we are finding the torch of art a little too difficult to handle. We are in the position of having had thrust upon us the task of conserving the traditions and standards of bourgeois culture and if possible of carrying them to greater heights. It would be nice of course to be able to say that American art is carrying on, that this year's Annual is the best ever, that art under a democracy has spoken loudly and clearly. The most that can be said is that it still manages to speak. For some that may be enough. But, disregarding the effusions of our “Americanism” propagandists, if this Whitney Exhibition is to be our criterion of judgment, then the war which has engulfed the art of Europe has already cast its pall here. American art today is facing a period of somnolence similar to that which overcame America during the last world war, when, after the remarkable stimulation of the Armory Show in 1913, our art collapsed and did not awaken again for a decade. What America's participation in another war might mean for art and all of culture should therefore be of vital concern to all our citizens as well as our artists, especially since we can not realistically hope for a simple hiatus; we must face the possibility of a degeneration.
Intelligent Optimization Approach of Eigenstructure Assignment Based Flight Control for Advanced Fighter (2006)

An intelligent optimization approach is proposed for eigenstructure assignment (EA) via neural network (NN) adjusting the components of output vector autonomously. The Basic idea is to minimize the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm of error between the desired vector and achievable vector using the designing freedom provided by EA technique. Besides adjusting the output vector parameters, the closed-loop eigenvalues are also optimized within desired regions on the left-half complex plane to ensure both closed-loop stability and dynamical performance. With the proposed approach, additional closed-loop specifications such as decoupling of different modes and robustness can also be easily achieved. As a demonstration, application of the proposed approach to the designing of flight control law for an advanced fighter is discussed. The results show good closed loop performance and validate the proposed intelligent optimization approach of EA technique
Cannabis: From Pariah to Prescription (2004)

* Introduction: Cannabis: From Pariah to Prescription * GW Pharmaceuticals List of Abbreviations and Definitions of Terms * A Single Centre, Placebo-Controlled, Four-Period, Crossover, Tolerability Study Assessing, Pharmacodynamic Effects, Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and Cognitive Profiles of a Single Dose of Three Formulations of Cannabis Based Medicine Extracts (CBMEs)(GWPD9901), Plus a Two Period Tolerability Study Comparing Pharmacodynamic Effects and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of a Single Dose of a Cannabis Based Medicine Extract Given via Two Administration Routes (GWPD9901 EXT) * A Phase I, Open Label, Four-Way Crossover Study to Compare the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of a Single Dose of 20 mg. of a Cannabis Based Medicine Extract (CBME) Administered on 3 Different Areas of the Buccal Mucosa and to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of CBME per Oral in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers (GWPK0112) * A Phase I, Double Blind, Three-Way Crossover Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Cannabis Based Medicine Extract (CBME) Administered Sublingually in Variant Cannabinoid Ratios in Normal Health Male Volunteers GWPK0215 * Cannabis and Cannabis Based Medicine Extracts: Additional Results * Future of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Therapeutics * Index * Reference Notes Included
Does digital radiography increase the number of intraoral radiographs? A questionnaire study of Dutch dental practices (2003)

It seems that GDPs using a system for digital radiography are more inclined to take radiographs than dentists taking conventional radiographs. Although digital intraoral radiography requires 50-80% less radiation per exposure than film, it is likely that the effective dose reduction after converting from conventional to digital radiography is less than 25% owing to the greater numbers of radiographs taken.
Above the surface multifragmentation of surface scattered fullerenes (2004)

C(60) (-) ions were scattered from a gold surface at impact energies of 80-900 eV. The C(n) (-) fragments abundance distribution (odd and even) and the sharp fragmentation threshold observed, point at a prompt shattering event. The measured angle and energy distributions of the C(n) (-) fragments (n=2-12) provide clear evidence for a multifragmentation process where the superheated fullerenes leave the surface "intact" and disintegrate away from the surface.
Simultaneous Implosive Accretion and Jet Formation in Quasars: Correlation of Optical Outbursts by VLBI Jets (1994)

A model and simulation code have been developed for time-dependent axisymmetric disk accretion onto a compact object including for the first time the influence of an ordered magnetic field and magnetically driven outflow of energy and angular momentum in (± z ) directions (see also Lovelace et al., 1993). It was shown that the system behaviour crucially depends on the amplitude of the poloidal magnetic field fluctuation B p , compared to the critical value B cr ∼ (α 2 T 1 / 2 σ/ R 3 / 2 ) 1 / 2 , where T ( r , t ) is the temperature, σ( r , t ) the surface density of the disk, R the radial distance, α the alpha coefficient of Shakura-Sunyaev disk model. If the fluctuation is small, B p < B cr , then it diffuses outwards with decreasing the amplitude and eventually disappears. In the opposite case B p > B cr , a soliton-like structure forms in the disk density, temperature, and magnetic field and propagates implosively inward. In this case the radial accretion speed u ( r , t ) is shown to be the sum of the usual viscous contribution and magneitic contribution ∼ R 3/2 B 2 p/σ. The essential part of angular momentum and energy is going to the jet from the region of fluctuation. Compression of matter in the propagating wave leads to enhancement of magnetic field and more effective angular momentum outflow. This leads in turn to accelerated accretion and subsequent enhancement of magnetic field. It gives the implosive nature of the process, which can be observed as: simultaneous burst in the radiation and outflow. The model is pertinent to the formation of discrete components observed in VLBI jets which appear to originate at times of optical outbursts at some quasars.
Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Tumor/Dendritic Cell Fusions (2010)

The goal of cancer vaccines is to induce antitumor immunity that ultimately will reduce tumor burden in tumor environment. Several strategies involving dendritic cells- (DCs)- based vaccine incorporating different tumor-associated antigens to induce antitumor immune responses against tumors have been tested in clinical trials worldwide. Although DCs-based vaccine such as fusions of whole tumor cells and DCs has been proven to be clinically safe and is efficient to enhance antitumor immune responses for inducing effective immune response and for breaking T-cell tolerance to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), only a limited success has occurred in clinical trials. This paper reviews tumor immune escape and current strategies employed in the field of tumor/DC fusions vaccine aimed at enhancing activation of TAAs-specific cytotoxic T cells in tumor microenvironment.
Surgical Treatment of Digestive Disease (1986)

The six editors of this text—all leaders on the general surgical fast track—have a mission: to emphasize the specialty nature of what they call the "digestive surgeon." The theme is laudable; the rubric awkward. At a time when a variety of aggressors reminiscent of the Goths, Visigoths, and Huns nibble at the periphery of the general surgical empire, these authors, like latter-day Roman emperors, have gone over to the bibliophilic offense to reestablish the rightful frontiers of the true faith. The 86 general surgical authors they enlisted as centurions of their cohorts have produced an impressive and authoritative textbook of surgical gastroenterology that will serve as a rallying standard. A preliminary 112-page section takes an overall look at the roles of endoscopy, invasive radiology, infection, and nutrition in the diseases described in more detail in the rest of the book. Having dispensed with these formalities, the remaining 650 pages travel
Blind Acquisition Performance for Faded Digital Signals (2005)

This paper presents an analytic expression for the probability of correct acquisition for blind reception of PAM, ASK and QAM digital modulation signals. The expressions are a function of the number of measured symbols. Applications include modulation acquisition for eavesdropping, as well as pilotless digital broadcasting over rapidly fading channels.
Insights into the cybotactic nematic phase of bent-core molecules (2010)

We present X-ray diffraction evidence for clusters exhibiting a skewed cybotactic supramolecular structure in the nematic phase of the butyloxy-phenyl diester, ODBP-Ph-OC4, a bent core mesogenic diester of the nonlinear diol 2,5-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (ODBP). The temperature dependence of the off-meridional four-spot pattern shows that the tilt angle in the cybotactic clusters changes with temperature. The correlation lengths exhibit no evidence of critical behavior but there is no underlying smectic C phase in ODBP-Ph-OC4. The tilted cybotactic clusters persist throughout the 85 °C wide nematic phase, and even remain evident in the supercooled nematic. This inherently biaxial supramolecular structure—clusters of stratified and tilted mesogens—embedded in an otherwise translationally disordered nematic host medium may account for the NMR biaxiality observed in nematic phases of ODBP mesogens.
Mechanical testing of gold membranes on a MEMS device for drug delivery (2003)

A MEMS device for drug delivery has been developed to achieve controlled release of drugs on demand. It consists of a silicon substrate into which micro-reservoirs are etched that contain individual doses of drug. The release of drugs is achieved by the electrochemical dissolution of the gold membranes that seal individual reservoirs. It is desirable to non-destructively evaluate the mechanical properties of gold membranes on this drug delivery device and to understand the effect of various processing and loading factors on the membrane disintegration process. This study presents some initial bulge test results on gold membranes of this device. The bulge test was conducted by applying pressure to the reservoirs and measuring the deflection of the membrane using interferometry. The test also provides a reliable non-destructive method to evaluate the bottom nitride etching step in the microfabrication process, which is otherwise difficult to test using conventional methods. There is a decreasing trend in the burst pressure with longer corrosion time to the gold membrane. These results will guide us to optimize the design of gold membrane structure through microfabrication process to achieve more reliable device performance.
Towards a Multi-Objective Corpus for Vietnamese Language (2003)

Today, corpus plays an important role in development and evaluation language and speech technologies, such as part of speech tagging, parsing, word sense disambiguation, text categorization, named entity classification, information extraction, question answering, structure discovery (clustering), speech recognition and machine translation systems, etc. One can exploit valuable statistical parameters taken from corpus to train and evaluate those systems. Developing such a corpus has been a challenging work in context that a huge data needed to be processed and annotated. In this paper we first represent our developing method for a multiobjective Vietnamese language corpus, namely VnCorpus, together with the description of various kinds of sources from which we have used to build up this database. It then goes on to describe some first experiences in using this corpus for the segmentation of sentences into Vietnamese words and for the recognition of Vietnamese continuous speech. Upon completion the corpus will constitute a valuable resource for research in the fields of computational linguistics, language and speech technologies.
Evaluation of baseline asymptomatic dysimmunity prevalence in cancer patients receiving monoclonal anti-PD1 antibodies. (2016)

e14551 Background: Monoclonal anti-PD1 antibodies are usually well tolerated but have dysimmune toxicities as specific adverse events. We hypothesized that pretherapeutic biological dysimmunity might favor the occurrence of acute toxicity. Therefore we measured the prevalence of biological dysimmunity. Methods: All cancer patients (pts) treated with immunotherapy from July 2015 to December 2015 were included in this prospective cohort study. Eighteen plasma autoantibodies (pAB) were assessed before initiation of immunotherapy and at each cycle of treatment during 4 cycles. Toxicity outcomes were evaluated using CTCAEv4. Results: Forty-nine pts (median age: 66.3 (41-83)) were treated with nivolumab (n = 41) or pembrolizumab (n = 8), including 31 non-small cell lung cancers, 11 melanomas and 4 renal cell carcinomas. No pt had known dysimmune disorder at baseline. Median follow-up and cycle number were 70 days (0-193) and 4 (1-13), respectively. Twenty-eight pts (57%) are still under treatment. Forty-four pts (90%) have at least one positive pAB at baseline. More frequent positive pAB at baseline were anti-nuclear pAB (positive threshold > 1/160: 33%), which 14 had speckled pattern and 10 had no specific subtype, antineutrophil cytoplasmic pAB (ANCA) ( > 1/20: 27%), antiphospholipid IgG and/or IgM pAB ( > 1/10: 20% / 35%). Under treatment 20 pts (41%) became positive and 13 pts (27%) became negative at least for one pAB. More frequent toxicities were asthenia (27%), diarrhea (14%) and arthralgia (8%). At this time, no thrombosis event was reported in pts with positive antiphospholipid pAB. The only pt with positive antinuclear anti-Jo1 pAB developed grade 3 myositis after 2 pembrolizumab injections. Conclusions: Ninety percent of pts have positive biological dysimmunity before immunotherapy initiation. Some specific pAB might be associated with specific acute toxicity.
Short Communication: Consumer Evaluation of Milk High in Conjugated Linoleic Acid (2001)

A consumer evaluation was undertaken to determine whether there were differences in the acceptability of milk from cows fed a control or a fish oil diet. The two treatments included a control diet of a 50:50 ratio of forage-to-concentrate and fish oil added to the control diet with 2% (on dry matter basis) added fat from menhaden fish oil. Milk from cows fed the control or fish oil diet contained 3.31 and 2.58% fat and 0.56 and 2.30 g of total conjugated linoleic acid/100 g of fatty acids, respectively. Consumer evaluation of control and fish oil milks found no difference in acceptability.
Preparation of New 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-phenylmethylpiperazinyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-3-nicotinic Acid (1993)

The nicotinic acid (15).which could be a key intermediate for novel potential antibacterial 1.8-naphthMdine-3-cayboxylic acid analogues, was prepared initiating with conshuction of the pyridine nucleus by ethyl 2-fluomacetate and ethyl 2-tifluoroacemte.
Cognitive Radio Applications (2016)

In this chapter, we focus on representative cognitive radio applications where working prototype hardware and software exist or where standards or regulations are available to guide the development of such prototypes. We have not attempted to cover the many proposed applications that have been simulated but not yet adopted or built or for which standards work is still in its early stages. Our examples cover the top level of the application-driven taxonomy proposed in Reference 1: dynamic spectrum access, wireless network management, user-aware wireless services, and homogeneous networking. See Reference 2 for an alternative treatment of many of the same applications.
An ultrasensitive terahertz microfluidic chip based on Fano resonance of a few arrays of meta-atoms (2019)

We present a nonlinear optical crystal-based terahertz (THz)-microfluidic chip with a few arrays of asymmetric meta-atoms for the measurements of small amount of solutions. A near-field THz emission source that is locally generated in the process of optical rectification at the irradiation spot of fs laser beam induces a high-Q Fano resonance and modifies the resonance frequency of the meta-atoms when the channel between meta-atoms is filled with solutions of different concentrations. Using this chip, we successfully detected attomole order of solute in a less than 100 pL volume of the solution.
Vascular risk factors, HIV serostatus, and cognitive dysfunction in gay and bisexual men (2009)

These findings suggest that HIV infection may not be the most important predictor of cognitive performance among older gay and bisexual men in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era, at least among those with access to medical care and to appropriate medications. Medical factors associated with normal aging are significantly associated with performance on neuropsychological tests, and good clinical management of these factors both in HIV-infected individuals and those at risk for infection may have beneficial effects in the short term and could reduce the risk of subsequent cognitive decline.
Biological stability in drinking water: a regression analysis of influencing factors. (2005)

Some parameters, such as assimilable organic carbon (AOC), chloramine residual, water temperature, and water residence time, were measured in drinking water from distribution systems in a northern city of China. The measurement results illustrate that when chloramine residual is more than 0.3 mg/L or AOC content is below 50 microg/L, the biological stability of drinking water can be controlled. Both chloramine residual and AOC have a good relationship with Heterotrophic Plate Counts (HPC)(log value), the correlation coefficient was--0.64 and 0.33, respectively. By regression analysis of the survey data, a statistical equation is presented and it is concluded that disinfectant residual exerts the strongest influence on bacterial growth and AOC is a suitable index to assess the biological stability in the drinking water.
Laser Action in Europium Dibenzoylmethide (1964)

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Unipolar resistive switching behaviors and mechanisms in an annealed Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/TaN memory device (2015)

The effects of Ni/ZrO2/TaN resistive switching memory devices without and with a 400 °C annealing process on switching properties are investigated. The devices exhibit unipolar resistive switching behaviors with low set and reset voltages because of a large amount of Ni diffusion with no reaction with ZrO2 after the annealing process, which is confirmed by ToF-SIMS and XPS analyses. A physical model based on a Ni filament is constructed to explain such phenomena. The device that undergoes the 400 °C annealing process exhibits an excellent endurance of more than 1.5 × 104 cycles. The improvement can be attributed to the enhancement of oxygen ion migration along grain boundaries, which result in less oxygen ion consumption during the reset process. The device also performs good retention up to 105 s at 150 °C. Therefore, it has great potential for high-density nonvolatile memory applications.
Sequential multihypothesis testing and nonuniform costs with applications in hybrid serial search (2002)

A sequential multihypothesis test designed for use with nonuniform decision costs is presented and its performance is characterized. Asymptotic efficiency of the test is shown, and the use of sequential multihypothesis tests in hybrid serial search schemes is discussed. A generalisation of the M-ary sequential probability ratio test is considered for the decision making problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concerted proton-coupled electron transfers in aquo/hydroxo/oxo metal complexes: Electrochemistry of [Os <sup>II</sup> (bpy) <sub>2</sub> py(OH <sub>2</sub> )] <sup>2+</sup> in water (2009)

Kinetic analysis of the successive oxidative cyclic voltammetric responses of [Os(II)(bpy)(2)py(OH(2))](2+) in buffered water, together with determination of H/D isotope effects, has allowed the determination of the mechanisms of the successive proton-coupled electron transfers that convert the Os(II)-aquo complex into the Os(III)-hydroxo complex and the later into the Os(IV)-oxo complex. The stepwise pathways prevail over the concerted pathway in the first case. However, very large concentrations of a base, such as acetate, trigger the beginning of a concerted reaction. The same trend appears, but to a much larger extent, when high local concentration of carboxylates are attached close to the Os complex. The Os(III)-hydroxo/Os(IV)-oxo couple is globally much slower and concerted pathways predominate over the stepwise pathways. Water is, however, not an appropriate proton acceptor in this respect. Other bases, such as citrate or phosphate, are instead quite effective for triggering concerted pathways. Here, we suggest factors causing these contrasting behaviors, providing a practical illustration of the prediction that concerted processes are an efficient way of avoiding high-energy intermediates. Observation of a strong decelerating effect of inactive ions together with the positive role of high local concentrations of carboxylates to initiate a concerted route underscores the variety of structural and medium factors that may operate to modulate and control the occurrence of concerted pathways. These demonstrations and analyses of the occurrence of concerted pathways in an aquo-hydroxo-oxo series are expected to serve as guidelines for studies in term of methodology and factor analysis.
Status and path forward for the large ultraviolet/optical/infrared surveyor (LUVOIR) mission concept study (2016)

In preparation of the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has commenced a process for the astronomical community to study several large mission concepts leveraging the lessons learned from past Decadal Surveys. This will enable the Decadal Survey committee to make more informed recommendations to NASA on its astrophysics science and mission priorities with respect to cost and risk. Four astrophysics large mission concepts were identified. Each of them had a Science and Technology Definition Teem (STDT) chartered to produce scientifically compelling, feasible, and executable design reference mission (DRM) concepts to present to the 2020 Decadal Survey. In addition, The Aerospace Corporation will perform an independent cost and technical evaluation (CATE) of each of these mission concept studies in advance of the 2020 Decadal Survey, by interacting with the STDTs to provide detailed technical details on certain areas for which “deep dives” are appropriate. This paper presents the status and path forward for one of the four large mission concepts, namely, the Large UltraViolet, Optical, InfraRed surveyor (LUVOIR).