gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the Chemical Composition Changes of Yuba Prepared by a Laboratory Processing Method (2009)

Yuba is a filmlike soybean food made from heated soymilk that contains oil bodies (average diameter, 270 nm), particulate protein (>40 nm; average diameter, 70 nm), soluble protein (<40 nm), and carbohydrate (molecular size). Three varieties of soybean were used to make yuba. The carbohydrate in the remaining soymilk increased sharply while lipid increased a little. The particle size distributions of oil body showed the trend that smaller oil bodies were concentrated in the remaining soymilk, and the percentage of soluble protein in whole protein increased in the remaining soymilk. These results could be explained well with diffusion theory. The temperature gradient and concentration gradient originating from the heat treatment were considered to cause the net particle diffusion from the surface to the bottom soymilk. Lipids, which mainly exist as oil bodies, are easily incorporated into yuba films because a few of these less dense droplets diffuse downward, causing the lipid concentration in the soymilk to change a little. Carbohydrate at the surface quickly diffuses downward, causing the carbohydrate concentration increase in the soymilk beneath the developing yuba. Protein (particulate and soluble) in the soymilk was intermediate between lipid and carbohydrate.
An Efficient, One-Pot, Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4-Diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles Using Click Chemistry (2010)

An efficient, one-pot, regioselective synthesis of 1,4-diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles is described via the copper(I)-catalyzed reaction of diaryliodonium salts, sodium azide and terminal alkynes. The generality of this protocol is demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of 1,4-diaryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles in good to high yields. The catalyst and reaction solvent are reused without any appreciable reduction in product yield.
An Intelligent Water Drop Algorithm for Optimizing Task Scheduling in Grid Environment (2016)

The goal of grid computing is to provide powerful computing for complex scientific problems by utilizing and sharing large scale resources available in the grid. Efficient scheduling algorithms are needed to allocate suitable resources for each submitted task. So scheduling is one of the most important issues for achieving high performance computing in grid. This paper addresses an approach for optimizing scheduling using a nature inspired Intelligent Water Drops (IWD) algorithm. In the proposed approach intelligent water drops algorithm is adopted to improve the performance of task scheduling in grid environment. The performance of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for task scheduling is compared with the proposed IWD approach and it is proved that task scheduling using IWD can efficiently and effectively allocate tasks to suitable resources in the grid.
CHARGED SURFACE MODIFYING MACROMOLECULES IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE (2014)

Abstrak. Charged surface modifying macromolecule (cSMM) end capped with sulfonic group was prepared and blended into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The modified membrane was characterized for polymer electrolyte membrane application; i.e. a SPEEK/cSMM blend membrane was compared to a SPEEK membrane and a Nafion 112 membrane for the thermal and mechanical stability, hydrophilicity and water uptake. Thermal and mechanical stability of the blend membrane were slightly reduced from that of the SPEEK membrane but still higher than that of the Nafion 112 membrane. The blend membrane showed an increase in hydrophilicity and water uptake as compared to the pristine membrane. The addition of cSMM has enabled the water uptake to be increased which is crucial to enhance the proton conductivity that of SPEEK. This study found that cSMM is a good candidate as an additive for SPEEK in improving its function as polymer electrolyte membrane.
Roles of phospholipid signaling in chemoattractant-induced responses (2000)

Chemoattractants, including chemokines, play a central role in regulation of inflammatory reactions by attracting and activating leukocytes. These molecules have been found to regulate metabolism of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)) via phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Recent studies of mouse lines that lack PLC-(beta)2, PLC-(beta)3, or PI3K(gamma) demonstrate that chemoattractants act through PLC-(beta)2 and PLC-(beta)3 to hydrolyze PtdIns(4,5)P(2) and through PI3K(gamma) to phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in mouse neutrophils. These studies also confirmed the importance and revealed new roles of these signaling pathways in chemoattractant-induced responses.
Multifunctionalized Ruthenium‐Based Supersensitizers for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

The sensitive type: Two new ruthenium-based supersensitizers (CYC-B6S and CYC-B6L) in which a hole-transport moiety and a conjugated segment are connected sequentially to the bipyridine of the ancillary ligand show efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) of up to 9.72 %. Increasing the conversion efficiency of liquid-state DSCs by connecting a carbazole moiety to the ancillary ligand of the ruthenium-based sensitizer is demonstrated. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802120_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Linear precoding for mutual information maximization in MIMO systems (2009)

We study the design of linear precoders for maximization of the mutual information in MIMO systems with arbitrary constellations and with perfect channel state information at the transmitter. We derive the structure of the optimum precoder and we show that the mutual information is concave in a quadratic function of the precoder coefficients. An iterative algorithm is also proposed to find this optimum value.
Diagnosis of nerve root cysts by imaging of 16 cases report (2007)

Objective To analyze the characteristics of nerve root cysts on CT and MRI and assess the diagnosis value of imaging.Methods Sixteen cases of nerve root cysts confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively studied,MRI were performed on 12 of the 16 cases,CT scan 4 cases,spinal cord radiography 6 cases and CT enhancement scan 6 cases.Results Ten cases in this group were found in sacrum,2 cases in neck and thoracic spinal cord respectively and 1 case in thoracolumbar extradual cavities.The cysts were characterized by low signal on T_1WI and high signal on T_2WI,being in accord with CSF signal.The thin equal signal of the spinal nerve cord were found inside the some cysts.Conclusion The nerve root cysts have certain characteristics on radio imaging and MRI is more helpful for its diagnosis than CT and spinal cord radiography.
Bitcoin Mining Decentralization via Cost Analysis (2016)

Bitcoin mining presents a significant economic incentive for efficient hashing and broadcast of data, both parameters stemming from the Proofs of Work used to advance the network. This incentive has led to the development of Bitcoin specific application specific integrated circuits and centralized mining pools, undermining the decentralized motivations behind Bitcoin's design. In addition, the imminent block reward halving threatens the profitability of mining at any scale. Some work has been done in formal models for miner profitability, but existing models do not account for conditions such as the pricing of off-peak power and diverse investment strategies regarding sunken costs. There is also a lack of formal study of how the profit model changes as mining scales from the individual to the industrial level. Given the lack of analysis of these conditions, there are alternative models for profitable or net zero mining that operate at smaller, and therefore more desirable, scale.
Yes, But What Philosophy? (1989)

The history of the interaction between philosophy and Christian theology has been long and complex. Few controls have been exercised on the interaction lately, so that today one can likely find a theologian to support any philosophical position, and vice-versa. I will not comment on the theological agenda Schner explicitly presented and on which Wiebe made implicit comments, but will limit my contribution to the philosophical side of the exchange.
Person Reidentification in a Distributed Camera Network Framework (2016)

Plenty of research has been conducted to obtain the best reidentification performance between a single camera-pairs. None of the current approaches has addressed the reidentification in a camera network by considering the network topology (i.e., the structure of the monitored environment). We introduce a distributed network person reidentification framework which introduces the following contributions. 1) a camera matching cost to measure the reidentification performance between nodes of the network and 2) a derivation of the distance vector algorithm which allows to learn the network topology thus to prioritize and limit the cameras inquired for the matching of the probe. Results on three benchmark datasets show that the network topology can be learned in an unsupervised fashion and network-wise reidentification performance improves. As a side effect, we obtain that the communication bandwidth usage is reduced.
Unravelling unstructured data: A wealth of information in big data (2015)

Big Data is data of high volume and high variety being produced or generated at high velocity which cannot be stored, managed, processed or analyzed using the existing traditional software tools, techniques and architectures. With big data many challenges such as scale, heterogeneity, speed and privacy are associated but there are opportunities as well. Potential information is locked in big data which if properly leveraged will make a huge difference to business. With the help of big data analytics, meaningful insights can be extracted from big data which is heterogeneous in nature comprising of structured, unstructured and semi-structured content. One prime challenge in big data analytics is that nearly 95% data is unstructured. This paper describes what big data and big data analytics is. A review of different techniques and approaches to analyze unstructured data is given. This paper emphasizes the importance of analysis of unstructured data along with structured data in business to extract holistic insights. The need for appropriate and efficient analytical methods for knowledge discovery from huge volumes of heterogeneous data in unstructured formats has been highlighted.
Chondrules and Their Associates in Ordinary Chondrites (1994)

A theory for the origin of the ordinary chondrites (OC's) must account for the origin(s) of their constituents. If the OC's accreted in a protoplanetary disk, their components represent the variety of materials that coexisted in it, which constrains their possible origins. The following discussion excludes gas-rich meteorites that formed after any disk had dissipated. This discussion entails: (1) ordinary chondrites' physical properties; (2) textural relationships between chondrules; (3) textures within chondrules; (4) chemical composition; (5) igneous fragments; (6) chondrule rims and interchonrule matrix; and (7) ages of chondrites and inclusions.
Discrimination of planar shapes using shape matrices (1989)

An algorithm is presented for describing and discriminating binary images of planar shapes. The descriptor is a matrix that the dimensions dependent on the maximum radius of the shape. The descriptor is obtained by a polar quantization of the shape and is independent of the shape's position, orientation, and size. The descriptors discriminate two or more shapes by measuring their degree of similarity. The shapes considered include letters of the alphabet, numerals, geometrical figures, and physical objects. The results obtained for the letters were compared to those reported by A. Goshtasby (1985). The comparison showed that the proposed algorithm provides a higher degree of discrimination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
理性合作，成功之源——访北京大恒信息技术公司总经理王建营 (2002)

今年暑期的显示器市场真可以用“一波三折”来形容．由索尼公司一纸声明而引发的“珑管风波”吸引了大多数电脑用户的关注，而其间在国内也处于显示器生产销售前几位的飞利浦公司在这场风波中反倒显得有些默默无闻了。对显示器市场稍有了解的用户应该知道北京大恒信息技术公司是飞利浦显示器总代理商之一．大恒公司与飞利浦公司的合作从90年代初期就开始了，
The 2009 Health Care Leader Forum-A Conference Summary (2009)

On March 30?31, 2009, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the Detroit Regional Chamber co-sponsored the third annual forum on health care. This year?s program focused on the role of employers in improving the health care system in terms of cost, quality, and accessibility.
Low dose oral methotrexate treatment of multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. (1993)

An 18-month double-blind treatment of multiple sclerosis with low dose oral methotrexate showed it to be well tolerated and suggested effectiveness in exacerbating-remitting MS but not in the exacerbating progressive and chronic progressive stages.
Risk of digoxin intoxication in heart failure patients exposed to digoxin–diuretic interactions: a population‐based study (2010)

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT * Increased frequency of electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias among patients exposed to digoxin-diuretic interactions has been well-documented in numerous descriptive studies. * Nonetheless, a clear causal relationship has not been established in these studies. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS * The risks of digoxin intoxication associated with use of digoxin in combination with any diuretic use, types of diuretics, combinations of diuretics, and individual diuretics were quantified using a population-based nested case-control study design. * The combined therapy of digoxin with any diuretic is associated with a 3.08-fold increase in the risk of digoxin intoxication. * Regarding diuretic class, the risk carried by loop diuretics is greater than that of thiazides or potassium-sparing diuretics, and the risk varies with different combinations of diuretic classes and individual diuretics. AIMS To quantify the digoxin intoxication risk associated with exposure to digoxin-diuretic interactions, and evaluate whether the risk varies by diuretic type, individually or in combination. METHODS This was a population-based nested case-control study in which data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan were analysed. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 154 058 heart failure (HF) patients taking digoxin between 2001 and 2004, in whom digoxin intoxication requiring a hospitalization (ICD-9 code 972.1) occurred in 595 cases. A total of 28 243 matched controls were also selected for analysis. Cases were 3.08 times (adjusted OR 3.08, 95% CI 2.50, 3.79) more likely to have been prescribed diuretic medication in the previous month than controls. Regarding the class of diuretics, loop diuretics carried the greatest risk (adjusted OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.35, 3.75), followed by thiazides (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.70, 3.29) and potassium-sparing diuretics (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.83, 3.56). The risk was also observed to vary with different combinations of diuretics, and the loops/thiazides/potassium-sparing diuretics combination carried the greatest risk (adjusted OR 6.85, 95% CI 4.93, 9.53). Among the individual diuretics examined, hydrochlorothiazide carried the greatest risk (adjusted OR 4.63, 95% CI 2.50, 8.57). CONCLUSIONS This study provided empirical evidence that digoxin-diuretic interactions increased the risk of hospitalization for digoxin intoxication in HF patients. The risk was particularly high for concomitant use of digoxin with a combination of loop diuretics, thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretics. The combined use of digoxin and diuretics should be avoided if possible.
Describing the Progression of Almond Bloom Using Accumulated Heat Units (1996)

1. The duration of the blossoming period and fraction of open blossoms over time are defined as a function of growing degree-days for five almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars. Separate base temperature estimates and equations describing the progression of bloom are derived for each cultivar. 2. Earlier blooming cultivars had lower base temperatures for bloom progression than cultivars blooming later. 3. Equations that were derived from 1987 and 1988 data predicted the progression of bloom for each cultivar in 1989 and 1990 with greater accuracy during the pre-peak bloom than in the post-peak bloom period. 4. The use of base temperature and bloom progression equations, in combination with chill unit requirements to break rest and with heat unit requirements to start bloom, can provide a basis for choosing cultivar combinations that will enhance cross-pollination and nut set.
Experience, God, and classical American philosophy (1993)

At the outset it should be understood that for, our purposes, Classical American Philosophy will be taken to mean the thought of Peirce, James, Royce, and Dewey. A good deal of the work I have done over the years has involved attempts to show the resources I saw in the pragmatists and Royce's idealism for treating the main issues in theology and the philosophy of religion. This essay will be devoted to setting forth the ideas which struck me as illuminating and fruitful for the interpretation of religion. Since there is now and has been for several years a renaissance of this philosophical tradition, including a revival of interest in Royce and his writings, the second part of the discussion will attempt to throw some light on that, bearing in mine that, while there are implications for religion in this philosophical renewal, with the exception of Cornel West and Jeffrey Stout, religion is not a central concern. I need to remind you, and myself as well, that much of my work in the field beginning roughly in 1948 was done at a time when, with the possible exception of Dewey, the thinkers noted above were in decline. They were victims largely of the positivism set forth most neatly in Ayer's Language, Truth and Logic, but also in the writings of the numerous representatives of Vienna positivism who came to America. As regards the latter, it soon became clear that, after escaping from a political tyranny in Europe, they proceeded to establish a philosophical one in America. In that period, moreover, Royce was all but forgotten. When I was working on him in the late forties, I paid a visit to the Houghton Library at Harvard to see his papers and they were in such a state of disarray that no one could use them, and it was not until many years later that they were catalogued and properly arranged so that they could be consulted. In addition, when my Royce's Social Infinite appeared in 1950 virtually all of Royce's books were out of print. The point is that if you were working in that period and were trying to use the resources of Royce and the pragmatists for the philosophy of religion you were working against the stream and in two senses; on the one hand, pragmatism was being inundated by attacks not only from positivism, but from the Marxists and from Russell, both of whom, despite their very different orientations, were at one in condemning pragmatism for being hopelessly subjective and, as Russell put it, for manufacturing truth. On the other hand, discussing God and religion became increasingly difficult because, under the banner of the empiricist
The Application of PMML in Healthy Housing Evaluation and Rules Discovery Decision Support System (2008)

Upon introduction of the efficiency issue of decision support system in the data mining (abbr. DM) field, a settlement scheme has been raised up, i.e. to adopt Predictive Model Markup Language (abbr. PMML) for storing DM information, conducting cross- platform exchanging DM models. It explained at length how to apply PMML to standardize the definition of healthy housing evaluation and the DM model in rules discovery support system. In the meantime, the DM procedures have been realized.
Superconductivity of graphite intercalation compounds with alkali-metal amalgams (1982)

Superconductivity of the alkali-metal amalgam graphite intercalation compounds of stage 1 (${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$KHg, ${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$RbHg) and stage 2 (${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$KHg, ${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$RbHg) has been studied as well as that of the pristine amalgams (KHg, RbHg). The transition temperatures are 0.73, 0.99, 1.90, and 1.40 K for ${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$KHg, ${\mathrm{C}}_{4}$RbHg, ${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$KHg, and ${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$RbHg, respectively. The critical-field anisotropy ratio $\frac{{H}_{c2}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{{H}_{c2}^{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$ is about 10 for the stage 1 and about 15 to 40 for the stage 2. It is argued that electrons in the intercalant bands rather than the graphitic bands play the main role in the superconductivity. An interesting feature is that the stage-2 compound, which has a lower density of states at the Fermi level, has a higher transition temperature than the corresponding stage-1 compound.
Ganoderma lucidum: A Potential for Biotechnological Production of Anti-Cancer and Immunomodulatory Drugs (2013)

Based on the analysis of more than 270 patents and scientific articles, this state-of-the-art review presents Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal basidiomycete mushroom with immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects. Cultivation methods for the commercial production of G. lucidum fruit bodies and mycelia are summarized, with main active compounds of triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and proteins, often found in forms of proteoglycans or glycopeptides. Pharmacological effects with emphasis on anti-cancer and immunomodulatory functions are presented, separately for spores and dry mycelia, and for the groups of triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteins and glycoproteins. Patents disclosing preparation methods of extracts and purified pharmaceutical isolates are reviewed, and examples of anti-cancer formulations, used as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals, are given. The review suggests that according to the present understanding, the anti-cancer activity of G. lucidum may be attributed to at least five groups of mechanisms: (1) activation/modulation of the immune response of the host, (2) direct cytotoxicity to cancer cells, (3) inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis, (4) inhibition of cancer cells proliferation and invasive metastasis behaviour, and (5) carcinogens deactivation with protection of cells. Although, the data from recent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate promising anti-cancer effects, a need is identified for further (1) isolation and purification of compounds, with deeper understanding of their individual and synergistic pharmacological effects, (2) molecular level studies of the antitumor and immuno-supportive mechanisms, (3) well designed in vivo tests and controlled clinical studies, and (4) standardisation and quality control for G. lucidum strains, cultivation processes, extracts and commercial formulations.
Study on Improved Algorithm Based on MIC for Fast Corner Detection (2012)

According to the defect that the MIC algorithm is hardly able to distinguish some points on the edges and some corners,this paper presents an adaptive algorithm which can filter some points on the edges.On the clear edges,the method of calculating USAN area is used to filter those points;on the fuzzy edges,a larger template interpolation method is used to calculate corner respond function value in kernel's neighborhood.Experiments show this algorithm is more efficient in distinguishing some points which are on the edges and some corners.