gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic quantitation of salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, and gentisic acid in urine. (1980)

Abstract We have developed a specific and sensitive method for the determination of salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, and gentisic acid in urine. Any proteins present are precipitated with methyl cyanide. After centrifugation, an aliquot of the supernate is directly injected into an octadecyl silane reversed-phase chromatographic column, then eluted with a mixture of water, butanol, acetic acid, and sodium sulfate, and quantitated at 313 nm by ultraviolet detection according to peak-height ratios (with internal standard, o-methoxybenzoic acid) or peak heights (no internal standard). The method allows estimates within 25 min. Sensitivity was 0.2 mg/L for gentisic acid, and 0.5 mg/L for both salicyluric and salicylic acid (20-micro L injection volume); response was linear with concentration to at least 2.000 g/L for salicylic acid and metabolites. Analytical recovery of salicylic acid and metabolites from urine is complete. Intra-assay precision (coefficient of variation) is 5.52% at 7.5 mg/L for salicylic acid, 5.01% at 9.33 mg/L for salicyluric acid, and 3.07% at 7.96 mg/L for gentisic acid. Interassay precision is 7.32% at 7.51 mg/L for salicylic acid, 5.52% at 8.58 mg/L for salicyluric acid, and 3.97% at 8.32 mg/L for gentisic acid. We saw no significant interference in urine from patients being treated with various drugs other than aspirin.
Combined miRNA and mRNA Signature Identifies Key Molecular Players and Pathways Involved in Chikungunya Virus Infection in Human Cells (2013)

Since its discovery, Chikungunya fever caused by a virus (CHIKV) has ravaged most of Africa and Southeast Asia. Despite there being more than a million reported cases in India alone and the seriousness of the disease in the chronic phase, a clear understanding of the disease pathogenesis and host response remains elusive. Here, we use microarray technology and quantitative PCR method to establish the complete miRNA, snoRNA and mRNA signature of host response upon CHIKV infection in human cell line infection model, HEK293T. The results were further validated in human primary cells (dermal fibroblasts). miRNA expression profiling revealed regulation of 152 miRNAs post CHIKV infection. An interesting overlap in miRNA signature was seen majorly with HCV, HPV and HIV1 virus. The microarray data further validated by qRT-PCR revealed induction of miR-744, miR-638, miR-503 and others among the top upregulated miRNAs. Notably, we found induction of snoRNAs belonging to C/D cluster including close paralogs of U3, U44, U76 and U78 snoRNAs. Genes were found to be differentially expressed along 3 major pathways; TGF-β, endocytosis and the cell cycle pathways. qRT-PCR data confirmed strong induction of TGF-β (SMAD6, JUN, SKIL) and endocytosis pathway (CXCR4, HSPA8, ADRB1) genes while downregulation of cell cycle genes (CDC27 and CDC23). Interestingly, use of TGF-β inhibitor, SB-431542, increased CHIKV mediated cell death. Overall, this study aims at providing the first complete transcriptome signature of host response upon CHIKV infection to aid identification of possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Cochlear Implant Devices for the Profoundly Hearing Impaired (1987)

The cochlear implant is a neural prosthetic device that provides a perception of hearing and facilitates communication for persons who are profoundly deaf. Speech and sound information is transformed into electrical signals that create a perception of sound upon their application to fibers of the auditory nerve within the cochlea. The device is intended for persons with profound sensorineural deafness. This condition exists when the sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti are disabled while fibers of the auditory nerve and their connection in the central nervous system remain functionally intact. The electrical stimuli that are applied within the cochlea are then appropriately conveyed and interpreted as audible information. Cochlear prostheses are designed to stimulate the auditory nerve in a manner that exploits the ability of the cochlea and central nervous system to discriminate the frequency, tempo aditensity. of ambient sound in ways that assist the wearer to recognize ItS source and information content. Selection of candidates for implantation involves confirmation of profound bilateral sensorineural deafness that cannot be mitigated by the use of a modern powerful hearing aid capable of providing benefits equal to those obtainable from an implant. In addition, the cognitive ability to make use of auditory clues, and the willingness to conscientiously pursue an extended program of aural/visual rehabilitation, must be present. Patients who have become deaf after developing normal language skills are most amenable to implantation since sound recognition is aided by established associations and memory.
Ataxia, depression, and dermatitis associated with the use of dichlorvos-impregnated collars in the laboratory cat. (1975)

Ataxia and depression developed in 21 of 50 (42%) laboratory cats wearing flea collars impregnated with 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos or DDVP) in a warm dry environment. Five (10%) of the cats died. Whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity was significantly (P smaller than 0.001) reduced in all cats and cervical dermatitis occurred in 37 (74%) of them.
Based on the design of the Thermal Detectors Party Fire Model (2012)

火灾探测和报警系统是建筑防防火策略的关键组成部分，通过研究建筑物内火灾发展和烟气流动的规律，消防工程师获得了大量有价值的信息和工具，所有这些信息使消防工程师和设计人员设计满足特定安全目标的火灾探测和报警系统成为可能．方次火灾模型是最常见的室内火灾发展的模型，而t2火是最常见的模型．根据其火灾增长模型确定不同情况下的热释放速率，进而确定探测器对特定火灾场景发生响应时的安全距离．
Organogenesis and fine structure in megagametophyte callus lines of <i>Picea abies</i> (1983)

Differentiation and fine structure were studied in 63 callus lines originating from the haploid megagametophyte of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Developing cones were collected from 27 trees growing in 13 localities in Finland. Vernalization of cones for 12–42 days at 4°C was optimal for callus initiation from the immature megagametophyte (primary endosperm). Five combinations of media based on the macronutrient elements of Chu et al. (1975; Sci. Sin. 18: 659–668) and the micronutrient elements and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog were tested for callus induction, growth and differentiation. Only about 1.5% of the megagametophytes produced subculturable callus (which may be partly due to the high frequency of lethal genes), although in certain mother trees callus production was as high as 20%. In most of the trees sampled, polyamines could not replace casein hydrolysate and glutamine in induction of megagametophyte callus. About half of the originally haploid, diploid and mixoploid callus lines were able to differentiate. A combination of three polyamines (putrescine 0.25, spermidine 0.1 and spermine 0.025 m M ) favoured development of roots. In five callus lines shoots and roots developed in the same piece of callus, but these organs usually had no connection with each other. The fine structure of the callus cells was normal, but their starch stores were rather abundant. Mesophyll cells of needles differentiated from originally haploid callus had chloroplasts with fairly well‐developed grana. Secondary metabolites were observed in the vacuoles of some callus cells and in organ initials. Plasmodesmata were very rare in callus cells but they were characteristic of those of the needles. The electron microscope observations showed that the poor capacity for differentiation of P. abies callus cultures was not due to cytological instability.
A systematic review of nutraceutical interventions for mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (2021)

There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of mitochondria- targeting nutraceuticals in ME/CFS patients. Future well-designed studies are required to elucidate both the involvement of mitochondria in the pathomechanism of ME/CFS and the effect of mitochondrial-modifying agents on illness severity.
Introduction (1989)

Thomas Hardy was born at Higher Bockhampton in Dorset on 2 June 1840, and died at Max Gate, Dorchester, on 11 January 1928, a grand old man of English letters. The excised heart of the man dubbed, to his fury, a village atheist, was buried in a secluded country parish; his ashes were simultaneously interred in a metropolitan centre of the ecclesiastical establishment, Westminster Abbey. The dual ceremonies, though contentious, were, symbolically, not altogether inappropriate. The divisions of Hardy's death mirror the many divisions — religious not least — that characterised his private and curious life.KeywordsChurch AttendanceDirect QuotationMetropolitan CentreEnglish LetterReligious UpbringingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Facile synthesis of monodisperse, size-tunable SnS nanoparticles potentially for solar cell energy conversion (2010)

A simple strategy to synthesize monodisperse, single-crystalline and size-tunable SnS nanoparticles was reported. An active sulfur precursor bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide was applied to enable fast nucleation of tin species in oleylamine. As-synthesized nanoparticles were easily dispersed in a non-polar organic solvent and formed a uniform solution which showed complete absorption of visible light. The smooth, dense-packed and crack-free SnS film was achieved by spin-coating that showed an enhanced photoresponse via methanol treatment. Owing to their noble merits, as-synthesized SnS nanoparticles could be a potential nanomaterial for solar cell application.
Implementation Requirements for Electronic Standard Component Catalogues (1992)

The majority of information regarding standard components is currently delivered to the engineering designer in paper-based catalogues. These generally contain performance and physical data together with methods for selecting the appropriate component. When engineers are engaged in a design problem requiring the use of a standard component, they are faced with mantially searching the catalogues and carrying out calculations by hand. The tedious and time consuming nature of this activity frequently means a nonoptimal component is chosen on the grounds that it has been used before. Computer aided selection of components seeks to improve the efficiency in this situation, with the aim of providing access in an unbiased way to the most appropriate item. Experience has shown that this does not just mean the implementation of selection algorithms; the user is looking for a wide range of facilities in the ‘electronic catalogue’. Yet the increasing number of packages that are now available are widely deficient. This paper aims to set out the requirements for comprehensiveness for what will be the delivery medium for standard component information in the next decade.
Size Reduction of Silver Particles in Aqueous Solution by Laser Irradiation (1996)

The effect of pulsed laser irradiation on silver particles in aqueous solution was investigated. The particle size decreased and the size distribution became narrower after irradiation for 15 minutes using third harmonics of a pulsed YAG laser. The number of the aggregated particles also decreased after the irradiation.
Vancomycin Acts Synergistically with Gentamicin against Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci by Increasing the Intracellular Penetration of Gentamicin (2002)

Vancomycin and gentamicin act synergistically against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in vitro and in experimental rabbit meningitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of this synergism. The intracellular concentration of gentamicin was measured by using the following experimental setting. Bacterial cultures were incubated with either gentamicin alone or gentamicin plus vancomycin for a short period (15 min). The gentamicin concentration was determined before and after grinding of the cultures by using the COBAS INTEGRA fluorescence polarization system (Roche). The grinding efficacies ranged between 44 and 54%, as determined by viable cell counts. In the combination regimen the intracellular concentration of gentamicin increased to 186% compared to that achieved with gentamicin monotherapy. These data suggest that the synergy observed in vivo and in vitro is based on an increased intracellular penetration of the aminoglycoside, probably due to the effect of vancomycin on the permeability of the cell wall.
Temperature Measurement Utilizing Platinum Resistance Sensors (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Platinum resistance sensors are currently used for continuous service from -260°C to +800°C and up to 1200°C for short term use. The historical development of resistance sensors is discussed and the advantages of using platinum resistance sensors over thermocouples is described. Parameters used in the evaluation of platinum sensors and signal conditioners are enumerated. Errors encountered in temperature measuring schemes and methods to reduce these errors are summarized.</div>
Current concepts in contrast media-induced nephropathy. (1998)

Current concepts in contrast media-induced nephropathy.M E Tublin, M E Murphy and F N TesslerAudio Available | Share
Does Human Finger's Pressure Sensing Improve User Text Input on Mobile Device? A Study on Input Performance Improvement Based on Human Finger's Pressure on Mobile Device (2014)

This paper introduces a pressure-sensitive text input system that provides an easier and faster method for entering Korean in the rapidly expanding smartphone environment. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, a pressure-sensitive text input system is implemented and three Korean input experiments are conducted on mobile phones from the two largest manufacturers in South Korea (Samsung and LG). Whereas conventional Korean input methods used in Samsung and LG mobile phones require multiple touches for entering characters such as double consonants and diphthongs, the pressure-sensitive text input method allows the user to enter them with a single touch. Experimental results confirm that the proposed pressure-sensitive Korean input method was effective in reducing the number of touches required for entering consonants for Samsung's text input method (47% reduction) and for entering vowels for LG's text input method (20% reduction).
Design Coupled Inductors for Interleaved Converters Using a Three-Leg Core (2008)

We describe a method for determining the split winding distribution for coupled inductors in interleaved converters. Our method greatly reduces the footprint and copper losses of the magnetic component. We discuss the analysis and design method for the coupled inductors in detail. We use a geometrical method to solve problems such as uneven fluxes of different legs and magnetic core selection criteria and optimizations. We use a flowchart to design the coupled inductor, and constructed a 400-W prototype by following it. We present some comparisons between our method and those presented in the literature. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that our method is effective and straightforward.
Effect of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone on metabolism and aerobic endurance capacity (1998)

Effect of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone on metabolism and aerobic endurance capacity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 837-843, 1998. Pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone are three carbon compounds that when infused directly into the blood or taken orally produce strong metabolic effects. When chronically fed to animals as part of their diet, pyruvate plus dihydroxyacetone reduce the rate of weight gain and body fat content during growth. These alterations in growth pattern appear to be the result of an increased loss of calories as heat at the expense of storage of lipid. Pyruvate-dihydroxyacetone supplementation has also been found to improve the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant rats and reduce plasma cholesterol levels induced by a high cholesterol diet as well as lower blood pressure and heart rate in obese individuals. When infused in rats during prolonged treadmill running, pyruvate reduced run time to exhaustion by approximately 67%. However, when provided as an oral supplement for several days, it has enhanced aerobic endurance capacity. The mechanism of action is unclear, but available data suggest that the increase in performance following pyruvate-dihydroxyacetone supplementation may be a result of an increased reliance on blood glucose, thus sparing muscle glycogen. In summary, chronic supplementation of pyruvate-dihydroxyacetone may be beneficial from a preventive medicine prospective as well as for certain athletic endeavors.
Modelling and identification of car driveline dynamics for anti-jerk controller design (2006)

Driveline oscillations, known as 'driveline jerking', 'driveline judder' or 'Bonanza effect' may occur by load changes in modern series-production cars. They cause horizontal accelerations in the chassis and the passenger compartment, which may lessen comfort and driveability to an unacceptable extent. These oscillations are usually reduced by so-called 'anti-jerk functions' which combine feedback and feedforward control. In practice, the anti-jerk controller parameters are experimentally optimized to combine comfort with sportiness. Such a procedure requires time-consuming driving tests. Alternatively, this paper proposes a model-based approach. The optimal values for feedback control are investigated by simulation in order to reduce time-expensive driving experiments. The simulation is based on a model of driveline dynamics. The model parameters are estimated from measurement data by means of an extended Kalman-filter or a non-linear least-squares optimization procedure. Besides the modelling and identification approach, the results of the model-based controller design are presented. The concept has been validated experimentally on different diesel cars
Moisture effects on isobutylene‐isoprene copolymer‐based composite barrier. I: Moisture diffusion and detection (1996)

Abstract Experiments have assessed how moisture and heat influence the functional and structural integrity of butyl rubber matrix composites used as protective barriers. This paper, which is first of a series, reports the findings on the subjects of moisture diffusion and its effect on ultrasonic wave propagation of composite barriers. On exposure to high humidity at elevated temperatures, carbon black‐reinforced butyl rubber composite barriers were found to absorb substantial moisture, with the hygroscopic reinforcement phase making a more significant contribution than the matrix. The moisture diffusion coefficients for both composite and unreinforced vulcanizate were close to each other at each exposure temperature, and had the same temperature dependence. The calculated activation energies of moisture diffusion indicate that the moisture absorption rate of the carbon black phase is governed by the moisture diffusion rate of the matrix. Ultrasonic wave speed appeared to be a viable means of monitoring the moisture absorption of composite barriers. On exposure to moist heat, relative ultrasonic wave speeds for both composite and unreinforced vulcanizate decreased continuously.
Comparable viral decay with initial dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus dolutegravir-based triple therapy (2019)

Viral decay with dolutegravir/lamivudine was comparable to viral decay with dolutegravir-based triple therapy, even in individuals with higher pretreatment VL (>100000 copies/mL).
Influence Maximization in Near-Linear Time (2015)

Given a social network G and a positive integer k, the influence maximization problem asks for k nodes (in G) whose adoptions of a certain idea or product can trigger the largest expected number of follow-up adoptions by the remaining nodes. This problem has been extensively studied in the literature, and the state-of-the-art technique runs in O((k+l) (n+m) log n ε2) expected time and returns a (1-1 e-ε)-approximate solution with at least 1 - 1/n l probability.
Three-dimensional Lamb wave propagation excited by a phased piezoelectric array (2010)

A dielectric–mechanical coupled finite element formulation from partial differential equations is derived, and the formulation is implemented in the framework of FEAP (Taylor 2008 FEAP—A Finite Element Analysis Program, Version 8.2 User Manual University of California at Berkeley). For the enhancement of the calculation efficiency in the three-dimensional simulation, a partitioned solution scheme is utilized, and time integration is implemented explicitly for the mechanical part. A comparison of the numerical results in two- and three-dimensional Lamb wave propagations is performed, and the formation of the Lamb waves and the tangential stress distribution imposed on the aluminum plate by a lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) patch are investigated. A virtual Lamb wave phased array comprised of 16 PZT patches is developed by tuning the symmetric mode of the Lamb wave to be dominant. The 16 PZT patches are excited individually, aiming at a point, and the numerical result shows good agreement as regards the estimated times of arrival and the focused response at the target point.
A Web surfer model incorporating topic continuity (2005)

This paper describes a surfer model which incorporates information about topic continuity derived from the surfer's history. Therefore, unlike earlier models, it captures the interrelationship between categorization (context) and ranking of Web documents simultaneously. The model is mathematically formulated. A scalable and convergent iterative procedure is provided for its implementation. Its different characteristic features, as obtained from the joint probability matrix, and their significance in Web intelligence are mentioned. Experiments performed on Web pages obtained from WebBase confirm the superiority of the model.
Iterative Reconstruction for Differential Phase Contrast Imaging: (2011)

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to combine two areas of active research in tomographic x-ray imaging. The first one is the use of iterative reconstruction techniques. The second one is differential phase contrast imaging (DPCI).\nMethod: We derive an SPS type maximum likelihood (ML) reconstruction algorithm with regularization for DPCI. Forward and back-projection are implemented using spherically symmetric basis functions (blobs) and differential footprints, thus completely avoiding the need for numerical differentiation throughout the reconstruction process. The method is applied to the problem of reconstruction of an object from sparsely sampled projection.\nResults: The results show that the proposed method can handle the sparely sampled data efficiently. In particular no streak artifacts are visible which are present images obtained by filtered back-projection (FBP).\nConclusion: Iterative reconstruction algorithms have a wide spectrum of proven advantages in the area of conventional computed tomography. The present work describes for the first time, how a matched forward and back-projection can be implemented for DPCI, which is furthermore free of any heuristics. The newly developed ML reconstruction algorithm for DPCI shows that for the case of sparsely sampled projection data, an improvement in image quality is obtained that is qualitatively comparable to a corresponding situation in conventional x-ray imaging. Based on the proposed operators for forward and back-projection, a large variety of iterative reconstruction algorithms is thus made available for DPCI.
Update on the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990: current hospital requirements and recommended actions 1996. (1996)

This document updates the recent changes in the Safe Medical Devices Act. Facilities must comply with the new changes effective July 31, 1996. Some information in this document is taken from a previous technical document written in 1992 by Henry Alder. Also included in this document is some FDA information, which can also be obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. Please also note information being offered by the American Hospital Association on page 18.