gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol diet followed by normal diet alters functional and metabolic responses in rabbit aorta. (1990)

Male New Zealand rabbits were fed a high cholesterol (1%) diet for 8 weeks followed by a normal diet for 8 additional weeks. Rabbits on normal diet were used as controls. Serum cholesterol, elevated at the end of the cholesterol feeding period, returned to normal at the time of observation. Aortic wall lesions were severe and vessel wall cholesterol in the thoracic aorta was approximately 10 times the level in control animals. In vitro, thoracic aortic rings were used to measure contractile response to noradrenaline (NOR); no difference in response was found between normal and treated rabbits. Rings pre-contracted with NOR, were exposed to acetylcholine (Ach), ATP and NaNO2. Proximal and distal rings from normal animals showed a dose-dependent relaxation response to all agents, though maximal dilation occurred at an intermediate concentration of Ach. The rings from treated rabbits relaxed normally in response to NaNO2, but ATP relaxation was reduced in proximal and distal rings and Ach induced a contractile response. HPLC analysis of tissue extracts from aortic arch and distal thoracic aorta showed reduced ATP, ADP, GTP and GDP, and increased AMP. These changes resulted in a reduced energy charge and a reduction in total adenine nucleotides. The data indicate that cholesterol feeding, followed by normal diet, causes severe alterations of aortic vessel wall and that at an advanced stage of the diet-induced experimental disease energy metabolism and endothelium dependent vasodilation remain impaired even in the presence of normal serum lipids.
A novel approach revealing the effect of a collagenous membrane on osteoconduction in maxillary sinus floor elevation with β-tricalcium phosphate (2013)

Calcium phosphates are used in maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) procedures to increase bone height prior to dental implant placement. Whether a collagenous barrier membrane coverage of the lateral window affects bone formation within a bone substitute augmentation is currently an important matter of debate, since its benefit has not been irrefutably proven. Therefore, in this clinical study twelve patients underwent an MSFE procedure with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The lateral window was either left uncovered, or covered with a resorbable collagenous barrier membrane. After a 6-months healing period, bone biopsies were retrieved during implant placement. Consecutive 1 mm regions of interest of these biopsies were assessed for bone formation, resorption parameters, as well as bone architecture using histology, histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. Comparable outcomes between the groups with and without membrane were observed regarding osteoconduction rate, bone and graft volume, osteoclast number and structural parameters of newly formed bone per region of interest. However, osteoid volume in grafted maxillary sinus floors without membrane was significantly higher than with membrane. In conclusion, our results - obtained with a novel method employed using 1 mm regions of interest - demonstrate that the clinical application of a bioresorbable collagenous barrier membrane covering the lateral window, after an MSFE procedure with β-TCP, was not beneficial for bone regeneration and even decreased osteoid production which might lead to diminished bone formation in the long run.
Stemar‐13‐ene synthase, a diterpene cyclase involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin oryzalexin S in rice (2004)

In suspension-cultured rice cells, diterpenoid phytoalexins are produced in response to exogenously applied elicitors. We isolated a cDNA encoding a diterpene cyclase, OsDTC2, from suspension-cultured rice cells treated with a chitin elicitor. The OsDTC2 cDNA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, and the recombinant OsDTC2 was indicated to function as stemar-13-ene synthase that converted syn-copalyl diphosphate to stemar-13-ene, a putative diterpene hydrocarbon precursor of the phytoalexin oryzalexin S. The level of OsDTC2 mRNA in suspension-cultured rice cells began to increase 3 h after addition of the elicitor and reached the maximum after 8 h. The expression of OsDTC2 was also induced in UV-irradiated rice leaves. In addition, we indicated that stemar-13-ene accumulated in the chitin-elicited suspension-cultured rice cells and the UV-irradiated rice leaves.
Electronic Properties of Low-Dimensional Si Nanostructures. I. Local Electronic Probabilities (2000)

Although extensive studies have been carried out concerning the effective visible photoluminescence (PL) from porous and nanostructure Si, no conclusive argument about the mechanism of PL has been reported so far. The well-known quantum confinement model is appealing, but is an oversimplified model. As a first step towards a detailed analysis of the problem, we report in this series of papers local electronic properties of low-dimensional Si nanostructures, calculated in the non-orthogonal tight-binding (NTB) scheme. In the present paper (part1), we propose the existence of characteristic “layer states” for the electrons in a quantum wire, which is important in a detailed analysis of PL from Si. A succeeding paper (part2) will be devoted to the analysis of the local density of states.
Bayesian brain in tinnitus: Computational modeling of three perceptual phenomena using a modified Hierarchical Gaussian Filter (2021)

Recently, Bayesian brain-based models emerged as a possible composite of existing theories, providing an universal explanation of tinnitus phenomena. Yet, the involvement of multiple synergistic mechanisms complicates the identification of behavioral and physiological evidence. To overcome this, an empirically tested computational model could support the evaluation of theoretical hypotheses by intrinsically encompassing different mechanisms. The aim of this work was to develop a generative computational tinnitus perception model based on the Bayesian brain concept. The behavioral responses of 46 tinnitus subjects who underwent ten consecutive residual inhibition assessments were used for model fitting. Our model was able to replicate the behavioral responses during residual inhibition in our cohort (median linear correlation coefficient of 0.79). Using the same model, we simulated two additional tinnitus phenomena: residual excitation and occurrence of tinnitus in non-tinnitus subjects after sensory deprivation. In the simulations, the trajectories of the model were consistent with previously obtained behavioral and physiological observations. Our work introduces generative computational modeling to the research field of tinnitus. It has the potential to quantitatively link experimental observations to theoretical hypotheses and to support the search for neural signatures of tinnitus by finding correlates between the latent variables of the model and measured physiological data.
An optical switch architecture for Manhattan networks (1993)

An electronically controlled optical packet deflection switch that is based on space and time switching at intermediate nodes is described. The switch uses optical delay lines to store and switch packets in the optical domain so that optical bandwidth can be achieved across the network. The optical switch is controlled by an associated electronic mechanism that provides the necessary versatility and processing power. This approach combines the advantages of the optics and the electronics. The use and performance of the switch are demonstrated in the context of the Manhattan deflection network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dative Pd(0)−Mo(II) Bonds in a Linearly Aligned Tetrametal System:  Preparation, Characterization, and Reaction of a Tetranuclear Pd(0)−Mo(II)−Mo(II)−Pd(0) Supported by Four 6-Diphenylphosphino-2-pyridonate Ligands (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDative Pd(0)−Mo(II) Bonds in a Linearly Aligned Tetrametal System: Preparation, Characterization, and Reaction of a Tetranuclear Pd(0)−Mo(II)−Mo(II)−Pd(0) Supported by Four 6-Diphenylphosphino-2-pyridonate LigandsKazushi Mashima, Atsushi Fukumoto, Hiroshi Nakano, Yutaka Kaneda, Kazuhide Tani, and Akira NakamuraView Author Information Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 46, 12151–12152Publication Date (Web):November 6, 1998Publication History Received21 May 1998Published online6 November 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9817702https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9817702rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ligands,Metals,Oxidative addition,Palladium,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Ribonucleotide Analogues and Their Applications (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Path-Dependent Morphologies in Oil/Water/Diblock Copolymer Mixtures (2009)

Amphiphilic block copolymer surfactants have been studied primarily in binary or pseudobinary systems, where they form a variety of dispersions, including micelles and vesicles, characterized by extremely low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). In this study, a poly(1,2-butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) (OB) diblock copolymer (M(n) = 33 kg/mol, and 72 wt % PEO) was combined with water (W) and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (C) in binary (OB/W and OB/C) and ternary (OB/W/C and OB/C/W) mixtures, where the order of components indicates the mixing sequence. The resulting morphologies were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Addition of 1,5-cyclooctadiene to premicellized OB in water (OB/W) leads to swelling of the initially spherical hydrophobic micelle cores followed by micelle fusion leading to three-dimensional network structures. Combining water with premixed OB in 1,5-cyclooctadiene (OB/C) transforms a periodic sheet-like lamellar microstructure into a complex state of phase separation built on water-swollen poly(ethylene oxide) bilayers, which are manifested as uniformly sized small vesicles. Thus, two entirely different microstructures, which are stable for at least a month, have been prepared from a single three-component formulation. This pronounced nonequilibrium phase behavior, attributed to the non-ergodic character of amphiphilic block copolymers, may offer new processing strategies for the preparation of desirable self-assembled structures.
Photoluminescence studies of current-induced nonequilibrium states in magnetically quantized two-dimensional electron gases (1996)

We report studies by optical techniques of current-induced nonequilibrium electron populations in magnetically quantized two-dimensional electron gases. Increasingly marked current-dependent changes with magnetic field are observed in both the energy and the intensity of the main photoluminescence features. The magnetic-field dependence of the relaxation time of nonequilibrium population following a current pulse is qualitatively in line with the severe momentum constraints on one-phonon emission. However, a theoretical treatment of this mechanism shows stronger field dependence, \ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{B}}^{4}$, than that found experimentally, \ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{B}}^{2}$, indicating the importance of parallel relaxation channels. We suggest these may involve the diffusion of excited electrons via intra-Landau-level transitions to centers in the Hall bar where relaxation can occur via inter edge-state transitions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Quantum dots are powerful multipurpose vital labeling agents in zebrafish embryos (2005)

Recently, inorganic fluorescent contrast agents composed of semiconductor materials have been introduced to biological imaging approaches. These so-called quantum dots provide unique and promising properties unreached by organic fluorophores, but their use as contrast agents within live organisms has been limited, probably due in part to concerns about their in vivo tolerance. Using transparent zebrafish embryos, we challenged quantum dots with a series of intravital imaging problems. We show that quantum dots provide a high fluorescent yield within targeted tissues, possess immense photostability, can be targeted to specific subcellular compartments, remain within targeted cells as lineage tracers, are easily separable from conventional organic fluorescent dyes, and are fixable, allowing them to be used in combination with immunohistochemistry after live recordings. Thus, quantum dots combine the specific advantages of different organic fluorescent contrast agents and promise to become the first fluorophore feasible for long-lasting intravital time-lapse studies. Finally, we show by co-labeling blood vessels of the vasculature and major axon tracts of the nervous system that, for establishing these networks, the same guidance cues might be used in some body parts, whereas in others, both networks appear to develop independently from one another. Thus, the bright fluorescence of quantum dots will help to unravel many open questions in the fields of embryology, cell biology, as well as phenotyping and disease diagnosis.
The Plasma Poster Network: Posting Multimedia Content in Public Places. (2003)

Abstract: Much effort has been expended in creating online meeting spaces and information resources to foster social networks, create synergies between collocated and remote colleagues, and enhance social capital within organizations. Following the observation that physical corkboards serve an important community building and maintenance function, in this paper we describe a network of large screen, digital, interactive, bulletin boards, the Plasma Posters. The Plasma Posters bridge the gap between online, asynchronous, community-based, content sharing using personal devices, and sharing of content in physical spaces using public displays. We describe our design motivation, a fieldwork study of online and offline information sharing practices, and an internal deployment of Plasma Posters.
The chitinolytic machinery of <i><scp>S</scp>erratia marcescens</i> – a model system for enzymatic degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides (2013)

The chitinolytic machinery of Serratia marcescens is one of the best known enzyme systems for the conversion of insoluble polysaccharides. This machinery includes four chitin-active enzymes: ChiC, an endo-acting non-processive chitinase; ChiA and ChiB, two processive chitinases moving along chitin chains in opposite directions; and CBP21, a surface-active CBM33-type lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase that introduces chain breaks by oxidative cleavage. Furthermore, an N-acetylhexosaminidase or chitobiase converts the oligomeric products from the other enzymes to monomeric N-acetylglucosamine. Here we discuss the catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes as well as the structural basis of each enzyme's specific role in the chitin degradation process. We also discuss how knowledge of this enzyme system may be extrapolated to other enzyme systems for conversion of insoluble polysaccharides, in particular conversion of cellulose by cellulases and GH61-type lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases.
ANALYSIS OF AMBULANCE SERVICE NEEDS IN YUBA-SUTTER COUNTIES (1973)

The economic feasibility of adding a third ambulance service in Sutter and Yuba Counties, California, as well as the impact such an addition would have on the quality of emergency medical care in the counties, are considered in a report by the Superior California Comprehensive Health Planning Association. Existing emergency care resources in the area are assessed, including an inventory of ambulance vehicles and equipment. The proposed third service is described, and current and projected demand for emergency services in the two counties is determined. Costs of the existing two services are estimated, and the cost of adding a third service is projected. In the concluding remarks, it is noted that the basic issue under examination is whether three ambulance services can realize enough revenue for each service to meet and maintain basic standards of reliability. It is concluded that an increase in the demand for ambulance services in Yuba-Sutter counties could be met by adding personnel to the two existing services rather than by adding a third ambulance service. Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Theory of Magnetostriction in Cobalt-Manganese Ferrite (1961)

The magnetostrictive effect of an orbitally degenerate magnetic ion in a cubic ferromagnet is calculated in detail using crystal-field theory. In contrast to our previous work, it is not assumed that inter-atomic exchange energy is large compared with spin-orbit energy. The results are applied to the effect of cobalt in cobalt-manganese ferrite. It is found that the theory is consistent with experimental results for the magnetostrictive parameters ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{100}$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{111}$ in the compound ${\mathrm{Co}}_{0.245}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.747}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1.99}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ from 225\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-355\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. By fitting theory to experiment, a trigonal splitting of about 630 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the ground state of the cobalt ion is inferred. The trigonal splitting has less than half its value in cobalt-iron ferrite.
Differential Induction of Ly6G and Ly6C Positive Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Chronic Kidney and Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis (2015)

CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are known to be very potent suppressors of T cell immunity and can be further stratified into granulocytic MDSC and monocytic MDSC in mice based on expression of Ly6G or Ly6C, respectively. Here, using these markers and functional assays, we aimed to identify whether MDSC are induced during chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis in both kidney and liver and whether additional markers could more specifically identify these MDSC subsets. In an adenine-induced model of kidney inflammation/fibrosis suppressive Ly6Gpos MDSC were induced. The suppressive function within the Ly6G+ MDSC population was exclusively present in IFNγRβ expressing cells. In contrast, in chronic inflammation in the liver induced by bile duct ligation, suppressive capacity was exclusively present in the Ly6Cpos MDSC subset. Gene expression analyses confirmed the differential origins and regulation of those MDSC subsets. Additionally, depletion of MDSC in either kidney or liver fibrosis enhanced fibrosis markers, indicating a protective role for MDSC in organ fibrosis. Thus, our data demonstrate that during liver inflammation and kidney fibrosis MDSC with similar function arise bearing a distinct marker profile and arising from different cell populations.
Metabolism of the DBA mouse ascites thymoma. (1953)

Summary Some metabolic characteristics of an ascites thymoma in DBA mice, as a function of the number of days after inoculation of the tumor into the host, have been determined. The weight/cell, volume/cell, and cell dry weight/ml of cell suspension rose to a maximum 6–8 days after inoculation and then declined. The amount of PNA/cell and of DNA/cell also showed a cyclic rise and fall. The R.Q., QO2CO2, and QN2CO2, increased with age, the latter reaching values as high as 83. The Qo remained essentially constant during the course of the growth of the tumor. It is suggested that the ascites tumor undergoes a period of rapid proliferation, followed by a decline in growth rate.
Weitere Mobilfunksysteme (1996)

Das in Kapitel 7 vorgestellte GSM-System nimmt unter den modernen Mobilfunksystemen eine zentrale Rolle ein. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Reihe weiterer, für bestimmte Anforderungen an Preis, räumliche Mobilität der MS, erforderliche Dienste und Anwendungsszenarien optimierter Systeme, die in diesem Kapitel diskutiert werden. Für Anwendungen geringer räumlicher Mobilität wurden die in Kapitel 8.1 vorgestellten schnurlosen Telefone, wie z.B. das DECT-System (engl. Digital European Cordless Telephone), entwickelt. Eine flächendeckende, besonders preisgünstige Übertragung von kurzen Nachrichten in Richtung des mobilen Teilnehmers ermöglichen die in Kapitel 8.2 beschriebenen Funkrufsysteme, z.B. ERMES (European Radio Message System). Kapitel 8.3 stellt zwei, speziell für die Duplex — Datenübertragung entwickelte Datenfunksysteme vor. Danach wird in Kapitel 8.4 die moderne Systemtechnik des Betriebsfunks, nämlich der Bündelfunksysteme, beschrieben. Dies umfaßt auch das neue TETRA (engl. Trans European Trunked Radio) System. Ein System besonderer räumlicher Mobilitätsanforderungen ist das in Kapitel 8.5 dargestellte Flugtelefonsystem TFTS (Terrestrial Flight Telephone System). Den höchsten Grad räumlicher Mobilität unterstützen die in Kapitel 8.6 diskutierten Satellitensysteme, wie die verschiedenen INMARSAT (engl. International Maritime Satellite Organization) Dienste. Kapitel 8.7 gibt einen Überblick über den IS-95 Standard, einem zellularen Mobilfunksystem, welches auf dem CDMA-Zugriffsverfahren beruht.
Protein Repair and Degradation during Aging (2002)

Cellular aging is characterized by a build-up of oxidatively modified proteins. The steady-state level of oxidized proteins depends on the balance between the rate of protein oxidative damage and the rates of protein degradation and repair. Therefore, the accumulation of oxidized protein with age can be due to increased protein damage, decreased oxidized protein degradation and repair, or the combination of both mechanisms. The proteasomal system is the major intracellular proteolytic pathway implicated in the degradation of oxidized protein, and the peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide (i.e., oxidized methionine) to methionine within proteins. A short summary on protein oxidative damage and oxidized protein degradation is given, and evidence for a decline of proteasome function with age is presented. Arguments for the implication of peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase in the age-related accumulation of oxidized protein are also discussed.