gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Grape Berry Moth (Paralobesia viteana: Lepidoptera) in Commercial Vineyards using a Host Plant Based Synthetic Lure (2011)

For some Lepidopteran pests, such as the grape berry moth Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), poor correlation between males captured in traps baited with sex pheromone and oviposition activities of female moths has called into question the value of pheromone-based monitoring for these species. As an alternative, we compared the capture of female and male grape berry moth in panel traps baited with synthetic host volatiles with captures of males in pheromone-baited wing traps over two growing seasons in two blocks of grapes in a commercial vineyard in central New York. Lures formulated in hexane to release either 7-component or 13-component host volatile blends captured significantly more male and female grape berry moth on panel traps compared with the numbers captured on panel traps with hexane-only lures. For both sexes over both years, the same or more moths were captured in panel traps along the forest edge compared with the vineyard edge early in the season but this pattern was reversed by mid-season. Male moths captured in pheromone-baited wing traps also displayed this temporal shift in location. There was a significant positive correlation between captured males and females on panel traps although not between females captured on panel traps and males captured in pheromone-baited traps for both years suggesting pheromone traps do not accurately reflect either female or male activity. Male moths captured in pheromone traps indicated a large peak early in each season corresponding to first flight followed by lower and variable numbers that did not clearly indicate second and third flights. Panel trap data, combining males and females, indicated three distinct flights, with some overlap between the second and third flights. Peak numbers of moths captured on panel traps matched well with predictions of a temperature-based phenology model, especially in 2008. Although effective, panel traps baited with synthetic host lures were time consuming to deploy and maintain and captured relatively few moths making them impractical, in the current design, for commercial purposes.
Ion channels and ventricular arrhythmias: cellular and ionic mechanisms underlying the Brugada syndrome (1999)

Brugada syndrome is characterized by ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads, V1-V3 (unrelated to ischemia or structural disease), normal QT intervals, apparent right bundle branch block, and sudden cardiac death, particularly in men of Asian origin. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expression has been described. The only gene thus far linked to the Brugada syndrome is the cardiac sodium channel gene, SCN5A. The possible cellular and ionic basis for these features of the Brugada syndrome are discussed. Strong sodium channel block, among other modalities, has been shown to be capable of inducing epicardial and transmural dispersion of repolarization, thus providing the substrate for the development of phase 2 and circus movement reentry, which underlies ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation.
Genetic inhibition of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increases liver fat and alters global protein acetylation (2014)

Lipid deposition in the liver is associated with metabolic disorders including fatty liver disease, type II diabetes, and hepatocellular cancer. The enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and ACC2 are powerful regulators of hepatic fat storage; therefore, their inhibition is expected to prevent the development of fatty liver. In this study we generated liver-specific ACC1 and ACC2 double knockout (LDKO) mice to determine how the loss of ACC activity affects liver fat metabolism and whole-body physiology. Characterization of LDKO mice revealed unexpected phenotypes of increased hepatic triglyceride and decreased fat oxidation. We also observed that chronic ACC inhibition led to hyper-acetylation of proteins in the extra-mitochondrial space. In sum, these data reveal the existence of a compensatory pathway that protects hepatic fat stores when ACC enzymes are inhibited. Furthermore, we identified an important role for ACC enzymes in the regulation of protein acetylation in the extra-mitochondrial space.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Combined Multimodality Somatosensory Evoked Potential and Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Intraoperative Monitoring in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis (2016)

2.
Characterization and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Nanostructured Thin Film Composed of Carbon Nanohorns Covalently Functionalized with Porphyrins (2008)

Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) covalently functionalized at the conical tips with porphyrin (H2P) moieties were used to construct photoelectrochemical solar cells. Electrophoretic deposition was applied to fabricate films of the modified CNHs onto optically transparent electrodes (OTE) while nanostructured SnO2 films were cast onto the OTE (OTE/SnO2). The CNH−H2P film on the nanostructured SnO2 electrode exhibited an incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 5.8% at an applied bias of +0.2 V vs SCE in a standard three-compartment electrochemical cell. The measured IPCE was found greater than the one observed for the sum of the single components, namely CNHs and H2P films onto the SnO2 electrode. Fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed that photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of the porphyrin to the nanohorns takes place, while direct electron injection from the reduced nanohorns to the conduction band of the SnO2 electrode occurs. These processes are responsible for the photocurrent generation.
Noxious stimulation excites serotonergic neurons: A comparison between the lateral paragigantocellular reticular and the raphe magnus nuclei (2012)

The present study was designed to record electrophysiological responses to graded noxious thermal stimuli of serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons in the lateral paragigantocellular reticular (LPGi) and the raphe magnus (RMg) nuclei in rats. All of the neurons recorded were juxtacellularly filled with neurobiotin and identified with double immunofluorescent labeling for both neurobiotin and serotonin. Under halothane anesthesia (0.75%), noxious thermal stimuli ⩾48°C activated almost all (88%) of the serotonergic neurons located within the LPGi (n=16). The increase in firing was clear (3.4±0.3spike/s: mean of responses above the population median) and sustained during the whole application of strong thermal noxious stimuli, with a high mean threshold (48.3±0.3°C) and large receptive fields. Recording of serotonergic neurons in the RMg (n=21) demonstrated that the proportion of strongly activated (>2spike/s) neurons (19% vs 59% for the LPGi) as well as the magnitude of the activation (2.1±0.4spike/s: mean of responses above the population median) to thermal noxious stimuli were significantly lower than in the LPGi (P<.05). Within the boundaries of both the LPGi and the RMg (B3 group), nonserotonergic neurons were also predominantly excited (75%) by noxious stimuli, and the resulting activation (7.9±1.2spike/s) was even greater than that of serotonergic neurons. Thermal noxious stimuli-induced activation of LPGi serotonergic cells probably plays a key role in serotonin-mediated modulations of cardiac baroreflex and transmission of nociceptive messages occurring under such intense noxious conditions.
Growth of South Rough Ridge, Central Otago, New Zealand: Using in situ cosmogenic isotopes and geomorphology to study an active, blind reverse fault (2005)

In situ cosmogenic 10 Be and 26 Al measurements on sedimentary quartzites, together with analysis of abandoned river terraces, can be used to show how drainage responded to the lateral propagation of a late Quaternary anticline forming above a blind reverse fault in Central Otago, New Zealand. A close link between the progression of cosmogenic ages and the tectonic geomorphology allows us to confirm that uplift and propagation rates on the anticline are in the ranges 0.08–0.12 mm yr −1 and 0.8–1.5 mm yr −1 , respectively, over the last 550,000 years. The agreement between the isotopic and geomorphological evidence in turn requires that minimum 10 Be exposure ages as great as 660 ka are not in steady state with respect to erosion. This is a geochemical result of significance, as it opens the possibility of a more regional analysis of landscape evolution in this region, using the same rocks. On an adjacent anticline, thought to be even older on geomorphological arguments, 10 Be concentrations give minimum exposure ages in the range 750–1400 ka. These extremely old minimum ages are rare worldwide, as they are usually limited to smaller values by erosion. They are attributable to the very resistant nature of the quartz‐rich boulders in which the measurements were made, which in places are shown to have erosion rates lower than 0.5 mm kyr −1 .
Blood Flow through Human Adipose Tissue during Lipolysis (1968)

AbstractNielsen, S. L., Bitsch, V., Larsen, O. A., Lassen, N. A. & Quaade, F. Blood flow through human adipose tissue during lipolysis. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 22, 124-130, 1968. The influence of lipolysis on the adipose tissue blood flow measured with the 133Xe clearance technique has been examined. In seven subjects norepinephrine was infused intravenously during 30-40 minutes in a dose of 5-10 μg/min. The adipose tissue blood flow (FBF) increased in all patients, from an average of 1.7 ml/100 mg·min before to a maximum average value of 4.5 ml/100 g·min during the infusion. In eleven subjects 5 mg glucagon was injected intravenously during the measurement. In nine of these cases an increase in flow was seen: the average value for the whole group was 2.3 ml/100 g·min before and 3.4 ml/100 g·min after the glucagon injection. Four very obese females were treated with total fasting for 96 hours. In this period the patients had an average weight loss of 6.3 kg and the average prefasting and fasting FBF values were 1.3 and 2.4 ml/100 g·min, respectively.The three conditions examined, norepinephrine and glucagon supply and total fasting, have a pronounced lipolytic effect on the human organism. It appears that lipolysis is accompanied by an increase in the fatty tissue blood flow.Key Words: Adipose tissue blood flowfastingtotalglucagonlipolysisnorepinephrine133Xenon clearance technique
Service Control and Management in Next Generation Networks (2002)

47.1 Introduction In the last 15 years, optical fiber transmission systems have progressed enormously in terms of information handling capacity and link distance. Some major advances in transmitter technology, both electronic and optoelectronic, have made this possible. The single longitudinal mode infrared emission from semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes can be coupled efficiently into today's low-loss silica single-mode fibers. In addition, these lasers can be switched on and off with transition times on the order of 100 ps to provide data rates up to approximately 10 Gb/s. The outstanding performance of these laser diodes has, in fact, provoked considerable effort to improve the switching speed of digital integrated circuits in order to fully utilize the capability of the optoelectronic components.
3-D reconstruction and measurement of microtubules from multiple angle-total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (2009)

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy excites a thin evanescent field which theoretically decays exponentially. Each TIRF image is actually the projection of a 3-D volume and hence cannot alone produce an accurate localization of structures in the z-dimension, however, it provides greatly improved axial resolution for biological samples. Multiple angle-TIRF microscopy allows controlled variation of the incident angle of the illuminating laser beam, thus generating a set of images of different penetration depths with the potential to reconstruct the 3-D volume of the sample. With the ultimate goal to quantify important biological parameters of microtubules, we present a method to reconstruct 3-D position and orientation of microtubules based on multi-angle TIRF data, as well as experimental calibration of the actual decay function of the evanescent field at each angle after taking into consideration the effect of point spread function, quantum efficiency and photon collection efficiency.
The development of efficient X-ray conversion material for digital mammography (2012)

In this study, an experimental method based on theory is used to develop photoconductor that can replace the a-Se currently used as X-ray conversion layer in digital mammography. This is necessary because a-Se produced by the commercial fabrication method, of physical vapor deposition, has exhibited several problems when applied to digital mammography: instability due to crystallization and defect expansion due to high operating voltages, which is called the aging effect. Therefore, our work focused on developing a method of fabricating X-ray conversion films that do not suffer from crystallization and X-ray damage and optimizing the factors affecting the properties of the candidate photoconductors in order to acquire sufficient electrical signals to detect minute calcifications. The photoconductors were initially selected after the requirements for X-ray conversion materials, such as high atomic absorption, density, band-gap energy, work function, and resistivity, were examined. We selected HgI2, PbI2, and PbO because of their basic properties. Next, we experimentally investigated the performance of film samples fabricated by sedimentation and screen printing instead of physical vapor deposition. The structure of the X-ray conversion films (e.g., the thickness, electrodes, and blocking layer) were optimized for the application of a relatively low voltage to the X-ray conversion layer. The performance of the films were morphologically and electrically evaluated under mammography X-ray exposure conditions, and compared with those of a-Se films produced by physical vapor deposition. PbO appeared to be the most suitable alternative material because its electrical properties, such as the dark current, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), did not reveal the X-ray damage problem, and thus were maintained after repeated exposure to X-rays. Although PbO showed low sensitivity to X-ray exposure, its SNR was superior to that of the other materials, which is expected to improve its detective quantum efficiency, one of the factors used in evaluating images acquired by digital mammography.
Stimulation of myelopoiesis in a patient with congenital neutropenia: biology and nature of response to recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1990)

To stimulate granulopoiesis, we gave recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 120 microgram/m2/d) to a patient with congenital neutropenia. The treatment resulted in marked increases in white blood cell counts (maximum, 17,400/microL), consisting mainly of eosinophils (maximum, 13,050/microL) and monocytes (maximum, 1305/microL), rather than neutrophils (maximum, 798/microL). Circulating phagocytes (97% eosinophils) derived after GM-CSF treatment were less effective in chemotaxis, slower but equally effective in phagocytosis, and more effective in H2O2 production compared with normal control neutrophils, but comparable in chemotaxis and H2O2 production to control eosinophils. Before GM-CSF treatment, the bone marrow showed a maturation defect in the neutrophilic series that persisted after treatment despite marked increases in mature cells of other lineages. In vitro agar culture of bone marrow cells before GM- CSF treatment showed a normal number of granulocyte colonies; however, maturation was limited to the metamyelocyte stage. Although the absolute number and cycling rates of myeloid colony forming cells (predominantly eosinophils) increased after treatment, the maturation defect in the neutrophilic series persisted. The finding that GM-CSF induced stimulation of proliferation, which was coupled with maturation in the eosinophilic and monocytic but not the neutrophilic components, suggests that this patient had an intrinsic cellular or humoral defect in neutrophil maturation.
Efficient Receiver Implementation for Mobile Applications (2009)

Modern and future wireless communication systems such as UMTS and beyond 3G systems (B3G) are expected to support very high data rates to/from mobile users. This poses important challenges on the handset design as they should be able to attain an acceptable operating bit error rate (BER) while employing a limited set of resources (i.e. low complexity, low power) and often, with tight processing delay constraints. In this chapter we study how channel decoding and equalisation, two widely used mechanisms to combat the deleterious channel effects, can be made adaptable in accordance to the instantaneous operating environment. Simulation results are given demonstrating how receiver reconfigurability is a promising method to achieve complexity/delay efficient receivers while maintaining prescribed quality of service (QoS) constraints.
Image reconstruction from videos distorted by atmospheric turbulence (2009)

To correct geometric distortion and reduce blur in videos that suffer from atmospheric turbulence, a multi-frame image reconstruction approach is proposed in this paper. This approach contains two major steps. In the first step, a B-spline based non-rigid image registration algorithm is employed to register each observed frame with respect to a reference image. To improve the registration accuracy, a symmetry constraint is introduced, which penalizes inconsistency between the forward and backward deformation parameters during the estimation process. A fast Gauss-Newton implementation method is also developed to reduce the computational cost of the registration algorithm. In the second step, a high quality image is restored from the registered observed frames under a Bayesian reconstruction framework, where we use L<sub>1</sub> norm minimization and a bilateral total variation (BTV) regularization prior, to make the algorithm more robust to noise and estimation error. Experiments show that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the influence of atmospheric turbulence even for noisy videos with relatively long exposure time.
Infrared absorption spectroscopy and chemical kinetics of free radicals. Progress report (1992)

Propargyl radical has recently attracted interest because of its possible role in combustion and soot formation. At high temperatures it is not easily destroyed by dissociation nor by reaction with oxygen thus, it has been observed in significant concentrations in numerous pyrolysis and oxidation processes. During the last year, we have obtained the high resolution spectrum of the v{sub 1} acetylenic CH stretch of propargyl radical (HCCCH{sub 2}) near 3322 cm{sup {minus}1} using infrared laser kinetic spectroscopy at Doppler limited resolution. Propargyl is prepared by flash photolysis of propargyl bromide (or propargyl chloride) at 193 nm (ArFexcimer) and its transient infrared absorption probed by a cw color center laser. We are beginning to investigate the kinetics of propargyl radical. The decay of the radical after the flash appears to be second order. The fine structure transition of the Br atom is accessible and when monitored under the same conditions appears to exhibit a simple first order decay suggesting that the Br atom is reacting with precursor propargyl bromide. Ketenyl radicals were produced by 193 nm excimer laser photolysis of ketene and probed with a tunable diode laser operating at 2014 cm{sup {minus}1}. Under these conditions, any singlet methylene which may be formed should react with the precursor, ketene, at a rate fast enough to ensure its total removal from the photolysis cell within 1 {mu}s. In the presence of 2 to 8 Torr of O{sub 2}, the ketenyl radical was observed to decay exponentially with time constants that ranged fro 20 to 5 {mu}s.
N-MOSFETs with inversion-layer source/drain extensions formed by cesium segregation at SiO<inf>2</inf>/Si interfaces (2008)

We fabricated a novel type MOSFET with inversion layer source/drain extensions formed by Cs implantation and segregation at SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si interfaces beside the gate and demonstrate that it has significant immunity to short channel effect, gate induced drain leakage, and transient enhanced diffusion of channel boron impurities, compared to conventional MOSFETs. The stability of Cs in the device is also confirmed by bias-temperature-stress measurements.
Quality Control Analysis in Real-time (QC-ART): A Tool for Real-time Quality Control Assessment of Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Data (2018)

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomics studies of large sample cohorts can easily require from months to years to complete. Acquiring consistent, high-quality data in such large-scale studies is challenging because of normal variations in instrumentation performance over time, as well as artifacts introduced by the samples themselves, such as those because of collection, storage and processing. Existing quality control methods for proteomics data primarily focus on post-hoc analysis to remove low-quality data that would degrade downstream statistics; they are not designed to evaluate the data in near real-time, which would allow for interventions as soon as deviations in data quality are detected. In addition to flagging analyses that demonstrate outlier behavior, evaluating how the data structure changes over time can aide in understanding typical instrument performance or identify issues such as a degradation in data quality because of the need for instrument cleaning and/or re-calibration. To address this gap for proteomics, we developed Quality Control Analysis in Real-Time (QC-ART), a tool for evaluating data as they are acquired to dynamically flag potential issues with instrument performance or sample quality. QC-ART has similar accuracy as standard post-hoc analysis methods with the additional benefit of real-time analysis. We demonstrate the utility and performance of QC-ART in identifying deviations in data quality because of both instrument and sample issues in near real-time for LC-MS-based plasma proteomics analyses of a sample subset of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young cohort. We also present a case where QC-ART facilitated the identification of oxidative modifications, which are often underappreciated in proteomic experiments.
The Effects of Airway Microbiome on Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Asthma (2013)

A subset of subjects with CR asthma demonstrates airway expansion of specific gram-negative bacteria, which trigger TAK1/MAPK activation and induce corticosteroid resistance. TAK1 inhibition restored cellular sensitivity to corticosteroids.