gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable transformed additive signal decomposition by non-conjugate Gaussian process inference (2016)

Many functions and signals of interest are formed by the addition of multiple underlying components, often nonlinearly transformed and modified by noise. Examples may be found in the literature on Generalized Additive Models [1] and Underdetermined Source Separation [2] or other mode decomposition techniques. Recovery of the underlying component processes often depends on finding and exploiting statistical regularities within them. Gaussian Processes (GPs) [3] have become the dominant way to model statistical expectations over functions. Recent advances make inference of the GP posterior efficient for large scale datasets and arbitrary likelihoods [4,5]. Here we extend these methods to the additive GP case [6, 7], thus achieving scalable marginal posterior inference over each latent function in settings such as those above.
Effects of Freezing Methods and Frozen Storage on Chemical Characteristics of Ground Beef Patties (1979)

Three different freezing methods—(1) liquid nitrogen, (2) liquid carbon dioxide and (3) blast freezing—have been used in freezing three different types of patties: (1) all-beef with 20% fat, (2) all-beef with 30% fat and (3) beef with 20% fat, 5% textured soy protein (TSP) and 10% added water. Patties from the nine treatment combinations (three freezing methods × three types of patties) were stored at −29 C for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Reflectance values were greater for patties frozen by cryogenic freezing (liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide) than for patties frozen by blast freezing. The reflectance values declined with frozen storage. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of the all-beef 30% fat patties and patties containing TSP and frozen by blast freezing were higher than those of the same type of patties frozen by cryogenic methods. TBA values also increased with storage time, particularly for patties frozen by the blast-freezing method. Water holding capacity (WHC) in all-beef 20% and 30% fat patties frozen by blast freezing was lower than that in the same type of patties frozen by cryogenic freezing, but there was no difference between freezing methods for patties containing textured soy protein (TSP). Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein solubility was not affected by freezing methods. Protein solubility decreased with frozen storage time, and the nonprotein nitrogen fraction increased with storage time.
Propagation and Culture of the Date Palm (1919)

"This bulletin is intended to furnish [date palm] growers with definite instructions for the rooting of date offshoots and for their subsequent care in the orchard." -- p. 2.
Study of Iron Metabolism and Hepcidin Induction in Rats with Protein-energy Malnutrition (2014)

タンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害時にはしばしば貧血が認められ, 主な原因は鉄欠乏と考えられている。近年, 鉄代謝の解明が進み, ヘプシジン-25が鉄代謝の中心的役割を果たすことが明らかになった。これまでに, ヘプシジン-25と栄養状態の関係についての報告はない。そこで, タンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害時にみられる貧血とヘプシジン-25との関連について, 成長期の無タンパク質食摂取ラットを用いて検討した。さらに, 無タンパク質食への鉄配合の有無が鉄代謝に及ぼす影響についても検討した。その結果, 成長期のタンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害時にみられる貧血の原因は絶対的鉄欠乏ではなく, ヘプシジン-25産生亢進による鉄代謝阻害, すなわち鉄の利用障害である機能性鉄欠乏と考えられた。タンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害時には蓄積鉄は増加し, 鉄補給なしでも鉄欠乏にはならず, 安易な鉄補給は鉄過剰を招く危険性がある。病態の改善には, 栄養状態の回復が最善の解決策である。
Phase II trial of sunitinib in patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TET). (2014)

7525 Background: There are no standard treatments for patients with advanced TETs after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. In thymic carcinoma, KIT over-expression and mutations are found in about 80% and 8% cases respectively. Expression of angiogenic markers correlates with invasiveness of TETs. This non-randomized, phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of sunitinib, whose targets include KIT and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFR), in TETs. Methods: Patients with TET who had progressive disease following at least one platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled. Sunitinib was administered orally at 50 mg once daily in 6 week cycles for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off until disease progression. Tumor response was assessed by CT scans every 6 weeks. Correlative studies included exome sequencing of 197 cancer related genes and peripheral blood T cell subset analyses. Primary end point was objective response rate in 2 parallel cohorts [thymoma (T) and thymic carcinoma (TC)]. Results: Between May 2012 and October 2013, 24 patients with TC [median age 58 (41-81); males 63%] and 16 with T [median age 54 (31-74); males 44%] enrolled. Median of 4 (range, 1-11) and 5 (range, 1-12) cycles were administered in patients with TC and T respectively. Among 23 evaluable patients with TC, there were 6 (26%) partial responses, 15 (65%) stable disease [including 9 (39%) minor responses: 10-29% reduction] and 2 (9%) progressive disease. After median follow up of 13.9 months, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) for TC was 6.7 months and median overall survival (mOS) 16.3 months. In contrast, only 1 of 16 (6%) patients with T had a partial response, 12 (75%) stable disease [including 3 (19%) minor responses] and 3 (19%) progressive disease. After median follow-up of 12.7 months, the mPFS was 8.5 months for T and mOS not reached. Most common grade 3 or 4 sunitinib-related adverse events were lymphopenia, fatigue, oral pain and thrombocytopenia. KIT mutations were absent in 20 tumors assessed, which included 11 TC and 4 partial responders. Conclusions: Sunitinib demonstrated anti-tumor activity unprecedented for a targeted agent in previously treated patients with TC. Activity was modest in T. Tumor sequencing and T cell subset analyses will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01621568.
Digital optical computer II (1991)

OptiComp is currently completing a 32 -bit, fully programmable digital optical computer (DOC II) which is designed to operate in a UNIX environment running RISC microcode. OptiComp's DOC II architecture is focused toward parallel microcode implementation where data is mputin a dual railformat. By exploiting thephysicaiprincipals inherent to optics (speed and low power consumption), an architectural balance of optical interconnects and software code efficiency can be achieved including high fan-in and fan-ouL OptiComp's DOC II program is jointly sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO), NASA space station group and Rome Laboratory (USAF). The following companies mentioned will presentpapers following SPW code 1563-28 describing in detail the sub components forDOC II. OptiComphas contracted Harris Corporation to build and to deliver the 64 channel acousto-optic spatial light modulators, Spectra DiodeLaboratones to build and to deliver an 8 element index guided laser diode bars capable of producing in excess ofone watt Th at 830nm, Optics 1 Inc. to optimize and to fabricate the optical components ( i.e. collimation and relay optics) and EG&G to develop a 128 element high speed APD array. This paper not only describes the motivational basis behind DOC II but also provides an optical overview and architectural summary of the device, which will allow the emulation of any digital instruction set.
Throughput formulation and WLAN optimization in mixed data rates for IEEE 802.11 DCF mode (2005)

An analytical formula is derived for the throughput of IEEE 802.11 WLAN in which stations may have different data rates or SNR. The throughput is significantly reduced from the presence of even one station with low data rate. This reduction is a consequence of the DCF mode which guarantees equal packet transmission probability to all stations. The throughput can be increased if stations with low data rates transmit shorter packets. The analysis is based on a semi-Markov model and the theoretical predictions are verified by simulation.
Alterations in Cerebral Availability of Metabolic Substrates after Severe Head Injury (1988)

Cerebral and systemic metabolism of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and amino acids were studied in 27 comatose patients during the first 7 days after a head injury. Systemic oxygen consumption was elevated initially and gradually returned toward normal over the week of study. In contrast, cerebral oxygen consumption was depressed and decreased further over the week of study. Cardiac output and cerebral blood flow were increased with respect to systemic and cerebral metabolic requirements, and remained elevated for the entire week of study. Systemic hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis were present. The injured brain often made a sizeable contribution to the lactic acidosis. The arterial concentrations of pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were low. The early postinjury arterial amino acid profile was typically an increased level of alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, and a reduced concentration of valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, serine, ornithine, and arginine. At 3-4 days postinjury, as the early abnormalities were returning toward normal, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine became elevated. These late increases in amino acids occurred at the time of the peak in plasma catecholamine concentrations. The net cerebral flux of amino acids followed the same general pattern of evolution over time as did the arterial concentration of amino acids. On days when the availability of the individual amino acid was increased, the net cerebral flux tended to be positive; when the availability was decreased, the net cerebral flux was zero or there was a net efflux of the amino acid. There was a significant linear relationship between the arterial concentration and the net flux of 13 of the 17 amino acids studied. Unlike the fasting state in normal man, in which beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important metabolic substrates, cerebral metabolism after head injury is almost totally dependent upon the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose. This is at least in part due to injury-induced limitations in the variety of substrates that are available for the brain to extract.
New Design Concept for a High-Resolution In-Vacuum 4-Bounce Hard X-Ray Monochromator at the GALAXIES Beamline at the SOLEIL Synchrotron (2013)

In this article, we describe the design of an in-vacuum 4-bounce hard x-ray monochromator that will deliver 100 meV energy resolution over the energy range of 2.3 to 12 keV, soon to be installed at the GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron.
A new similarity measure for non-rigid breathing motion compensation of myocardial perfusion MRI (2008)

Breathing movements during the image acquisition of first-pass gadolinium enhanced, myocardial perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hinder a direct automatic analysis of the blood flow of the myocardium. In addition, a qualitative readout by visual tracking is more difficult as well. Non-rigid registration can be used to compensate for these movements in the image series. Because of the local contrast and intensity change over time, the registration criterion needs to be chosen carefully. We propose a measure based on Normalized Gradient Fields (NGF) in order to obtain registration. Since this measure requires strong gradients in the images, we also test combining the measure with the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) to maintain registration forces over the whole image area. To ensure smoothness, we employ a Laplacian regularizer and use the B-spline based approach to describe the transformation of the image space. Our experiments show that by using NGF good registration results can be obtained for image exhibiting a high intensity contrast. For images with a low intensity contrast, combining NGF and SSD improves the registration results significantly over using NGF only. Both measures are differentiable making possible the application of fast, gradient based optimizers.
Substantial Performance Improvement in Inverted Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes via Surface Plasmon Resonance Induced Electrode Quenching Control (2014)

Inverted-type polymer light-emitting diodes with Au nanoparticles modified ITO cathode has exhibited improved brightness from 5900 to 15,000 cd m(-2) (1.5-fold enhancement) and enhanced luminous efficiency from 4.4 to 10.5 cd A(-1) (1.4-fold enhancement), when greenish emissive polymer-P-PPV was applied as active layer. Both the experimental and theoretical results show that it is mainly attributed to effective overlapping between local surface plasmon resonance induced by Au nanopartices and excitons quenching region at ZnO/P-PPV interface, which makes originally electrode-quenched excitons emissive and increases excitons efficiency.
Correction of cellular autofluorescence in flow cytometry by mathematical modeling of cellular fluorescence (1988)

A method for the correction of background fluorescence in flow cytometry with special relevance to the quantitation of low levels of cellular surface membrane antigens is presented. The method is based on the mathematical modeling of cellular fluorescence distributions of background fluorescence (autofluorescence control or irrelevant antibody control) and total fluorescence (positively stained cells). Algorithms based on two models and utilizing only the routinely available background and total fluorescence histograms are developed and implemented in computer programs. These allow estimation of the fluorescence histogram corresponding exclusively to immunofluorescence staining of the cell surface antigen of interest. Thus, the correction of background fluorescence is effected solely with software processing of routinely available data; no additional hardware or parameter determinations are necessary. Two models were chosen to be physically plausible and to represent extremes in correlation between background and probe fluorescence. Extremes were chosen to assess the solution dependence on model and to provide bounds to the actual solution when no information on correlation is available. Results are presented for both computer simulations and for an actual assay of the CR1 complement receptor on human erythrocytes to test and illustrate the technique. Alternatively, data can be tested assuming a particular model to explore the relationship, if any, between specific and nonspecific fluorescence.
Inhibin production <i>in vitro</i> by granulosa cells from Booroola ewes which were either homozygous or non-carriers of a fecundity gene influencing their ovulation rate (1991)

The production of inhibin by granulosa cells was studied in vitro using cells from follicles of various sizes and health. Follicles were recovered on Days 10-13 of the oestrous cycle, from Booroola x Romney ewes which were homozygous (FF) carriers or non-carriers (++) of the fecundity (F) gene. Inhibin was measured using a bioassay based on the suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) output by cultured pituitary cells from ovariectomized Romney ewes and, in some instances, for comparative purposes, by radioimmunoassay also. Geometric mean inhibin production by granulosa cells from nonatretic follicles increased with increasing follicle diameter, during the first 24 h of culture, for both genotypes. The geometric mean production of inhibin by cells from nonatretic 3-4.5 mm diameter FF follicles (the largest follicles found in FF ewes), was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that by cells from non-atretic 3-4.5 mm diameter ++ follicles, but similar to that of cells from non-atretic greater than or equal to 5 mm diameter ++ follicles. The production of oestradiol-17 beta by cells cultured in the presence of testosterone (1 microgram/ml) followed a pattern similar to cellular inhibin production. There was a positive linear correlation between inhibin and oestradiol-17 beta production during the first 24 h of culture, for both genotypes. In addition to acting as a substrate for oestradiol-17 beta synthesis, testosterone generally had a slight, stimulatory effect on inhibin production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calorimetric Determination of Rate Constants and Enthalpy Changes for Zero-Order Reactions (2012)

Calorimetry is a general method for determination of the rates of zero-order processes, but analysis of the data for the rate constant and reaction enthalpy is difficult because these occur as a product in the rate equation so evaluation of one requires knowledge of the other. Three methods for evaluation of both parameters, without prior knowledge, are illustrated with examples and compared with literature data. Method 1 requires the reaction to be studied in two buffers with different enthalpies of ionization. Method 2 is based on calculation of reaction enthalpy from group additivity functions. Method 3 applies when reaction progresses to completion. The methods are applied to the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea, the hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid, and the photodegradation of nifedipine, respectively.
Amplifying the response of soft actuators by harnessing snap-through instabilities (2015)

Soft, inflatable segments are the active elements responsible for the actuation of soft machines and robots. Although current designs of fluidic actuators achieve motion with large amplitudes, they require large amounts of supplied volume, limiting their speed and compactness. To circumvent these limitations, here we embrace instabilities and show that they can be exploited to amplify the response of the system. By combining experimental and numerical tools we design and construct fluidic actuators in which snap-through instabilities are harnessed to generate large motion, high forces, and fast actuation at constant volume. Our study opens avenues for the design of the next generation of soft actuators and robots in which small amounts of volume are sufficient to achieve significant ranges of motion.
Simulation of a Class of Ring-Structured Networks (1980)

This paper presents a new modular loop/ring architecture combining advantages of several earlier centralized and decentralized ring-structured loop networks while remaining simple. This is accomplished by introducing two major innovations: first, use of a separate control loop for control messages flowing between nodes and a loop controller; second, dynamically implementing partitionable segments between adjacent nodes and treating them as separate links for data transmission.
<i>Technical Note:</i> The 100-mV Potential Decay Cathodic Protection Criterion (1999)

Mixed-potential theory was used to evaluate the 100-mV potential decay criterion for cathodic protection (CP). It was shown that the criterion may be enhanced if it is linked to the current that induces the negative potential shift. Thus, when the kinetics of the cathodic reaction exhibit activation-controlled behavior, the open-circuit corrosion rate (corrosion rate in the absence of protection) can be estimated from the negative potential shift achieved and the local applied current density. This can be used to monitor development of steel passivity induced by a cathodic current. When the cathodic reaction is under mass-transfer control, the anodic reaction may well be under activation control. The anodic reaction rate, while the current is applied, then may be determined. For activation- and mass transfer-controlled cathodic kinetics, the achievement of 100 mV of negative potential shift by the low current densities normally applied when cathodically protecting steel in concrete indicates that, in theory, the steel corrosion rate is negligible.
Electrochemical approach for polyacene synthesis (1994)

Summary form only given. The field of conducting polymers has witnessed unprecedented growth In the synthesis of a wide variety of materials, their characterization and study of their possible technological applications. Electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers is an elegant method. However, almost always a p-type material is obtained and it has not yet been feasible to synthesize an n-type conducting polymer by the above method. We have considered a new approach where a monomer is cathodically polymerized to polyanion which can get stabilized by taking up the cation from the electrolyte. Our results show that a polymer has polyaromatic/polyacenic structure.
Upregulation of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 following PGF<sub>2<i>α</i></sub>, Bimatoprost, and Butaprost treatments. Essential role of a protein kinase C pathway involved in EP<sub>2</sub> receptor activated Nur77 gene transcription (2004)

1. Using gene chip technology, we first identified that PGF(2alpha) (FP agonist) and Butaprost (EP(2) agonist) induced about a five-fold upregulation of Nur77 mRNA expression in hFP-HEK 293/EBNA and hEP(2)-HEK293/EBNA cells. Northern Blot analysis revealed that PGF(2alpha)- and Butaprost-induced upregulation of Nur77 expression are dose- and time-dependent. 2. Both PGF(2alpha) and Butaprost upregulated Nur77 gene expression through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. These data are the first showing a link between EP(2) receptor stimulation and protein kinase C activation. Calcineurin was found to be involved downstream of the PKC pathway in PGF(2alpha)-induced Nur77 expression, but not in Butaprost-induced Nur77 expression. 3. We also used Nur77 as a marker gene to compare the effects of PGF(2alpha), Butaprost, and Bimatoprost (a prostamide) on Nur77 expression in human primary trabecular meshwork and ciliary smooth muscle (SM) cells, which are target cells for antiglaucoma drugs. The results showed that PGF(2alpha) and Butaprost, but not Bimatoprost, induced upregulation of Nur77 expression in human TM cells. PGF(2alpha), but not Bimatoprost, dramatically induced upregulation of Nur77 mRNA expression in human ciliary SM cells, whereas Butaprost slightly upregulated Nur77 mRNA expression in SM cells. 4. Nur77 promoter deletion analysis indicated that PGF(2alpha), but not Bimatoprost, activated Nur77 promoter-luciferase reporter in hFP-HEK 293/EBNA cells. Butaprost was less efficacious in inducing Nur77 promoter-luciferase reporter activity in hEP(2)-HEK293/EBNA cells relative to PGF(2alpha) in the comparable assay. The data for Nur77 promoter functional analysis were matched to the Northern blot analysis. 5. It appears that PGF(2alpha) and Butaprost activate Nur77 transcription mechanisms through the activation of FP and EP(2) receptor-coupled signaling pathways, whereas Bimatoprost stimulates neither FP nor EP(2) receptors.
TSG-14, a tumor necrosis factor- and IL-1-inducible protein, is a novel member of the pentaxin family of acute phase proteins (1993)

TNF-stimulated gene (TSG)-14 was originally identified as a TNF-inducible gene in a differentially screened cDNA library derived from TNF-treated normal human FS-4 fibroblasts. Analysis of the TSG-14 cDNA sequence revealed a major open reading frame encoding a protein of 381 amino acids, including a hydrophobic signal peptide sequence. The predicted protein shows 23 to 27% sequence homology to C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P-component, members of the pentaxin family of acute phase proteins. In addition, TSG-14 protein contains a sequence motif common among the pentaxin proteins. The ability of the TSG-14 cDNA to encode a protein of the correct molecular size was confirmed in a cell-free transcription/translation system. In vitro translation in the presence of microsomes confirmed that the protein has a cleavable signal peptide sequence, and that it is glycosylated. TSG-14 mRNA is rapidly elevated from almost undetectable levels in untreated FS-4 cells to high levels in cells treated with TNF or IL-1. A moderate increase in TSG-14 mRNA was observed in FS-4 cells treated with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that TNF induces the expression of the TSG-14 gene at the transcriptional level, and that de novo protein synthesis is not required for induction of TSG-14 mRNA. Expression of TSG-14 mRNA was also detected after exposure to TNF in vascular endothelial cells; however, little or not expression of TSG-14 message was observed in cell lines derived from malignant tumors. Our data strongly suggest that TSG-14 is a novel member of the pentaxin family of acute phase proteins.