gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Screening Methods of the Chemicals for Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice Plant (1969)

Comparative investigation was taken among several antibacterial screening methods for controlling bacterial leaf blight of rice plant caused by Xanthomonas oryzae with 5 chemicals applying nowadays. In the agar dilution method, the agar diffusion method and the turbidimetric method, Phenazine-5 N-oxide, Cellocidin and Chloramphenicol were remarkably effective, whereas, Ni-bis-dimethyldithiocarbamate was a little effective, and Fentiazon was not observed the antibacterial activity in these tests. In rice seedling screening methods, the high protective effects of these five chemicals were observed by 3 kinds of method, which were needle inoculation, bacterial exudation, and spray inoculation methods. The results were concluded that the method of spraying chemicals immediately after needle inoculation was preferable as primary screening test and the other methods might be applied as secondary screening test.
Energy Storage Analysis to Increase Large Ship Fuel Efficiency (2009)

The marine transportation industry is a significant contributor to global emissions of CO2 and other pollutants. Although marine emission standards have become increasingly stringent, increasing fuel efficiency remains the primary objective in terms of further reducing emissions and overall marine energy use. In this paper, a hybrid powertrain is investigated as a means of increasing fuel efficiency for a modern, 100 m class, passenger vessel. The hybrid powertrain includes an Energy Storage System (ESS) based on sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries and commercially available Caterpillar diesel engine-generator sets. The ship’s power load profile is based on annual averages for similar vessels. A control strategy and simulation models are developed and implemented in Simulink to analyze the power and energy flows in the hybrid powertrain. The Simulink model is used to compare the base scenario of a ship without energy storage to a hybrid scenario employing a 7.5 MWh NaS battery pack with related control strategy. Annual fuel consumption is the primary measure that is used to assess efficiency. Unlike hybrid powertrains for light-duty surface vehicle transportation, which achieve efficiency gains on the order of 10–20% [8, 9, 10], the hybrid powertrain for a large ship is estimated to lower annual fuel consumption by approximately 2%. The surprisingly small level of fuel savings is explained largely by the granularity of marine power systems, which include multiple generators that can be switched on and off to maximize fuel efficiency.
Fluorescent Tracking of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Live Pathogenic Fungal Cells (2018)

In fungal cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) harbors several of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential membrane component, making this organelle the site of action of antifungal azole drugs, used as a first-line treatment for fungal infections. This highlights the need for specific fluorescent labeling of this organelle in cells of pathogenic fungi. Here we report on the development and evaluation of a collection of fluorescent ER trackers in a panel of Candida, considered the most frequently encountered pathogen in fungal infections. These trackers enabled imaging of the ER in live fungal cells. Organelle specificity was associated with the expression of the target enzyme of antifungal azoles that resides in the ER; specific ER labeling was not observed in mutant cells lacking this enzyme. Labeling of live Candida cells with a combination of a mitotracker and one of the novel fungal ER trackers revealed sites of contact between the ER and mitochondria. These fungal ER trackers therefore offer unique molecular tools for the study of the ER and its interactions with other organelles in live cells of pathogenic fungi.
Standardization of an enzyme immunoassay for human antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi (1992)

We standardized a serologic enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human immunoglobulin G and M antibodies against Haemophilus ducreyi. We evaluated the performance of this test with respect to the time from acute chancroid and coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibody to a crude, soluble bacterial antigen of one H. ducreyi strain was detected in a panel of serum samples from clinically and microbiologically confirmed cases of chancroid and from controls. Test interpretation was standardized for optimal sensitivity and specificity. Performance of the EIA was enhanced in the period of early convalescence from acute primary chancroid and was not diminished in the presence of HIV coinfection. The EIA performed adequately as a serologic screening test for field evaluation and epidemiologic application in conjunction with sexually transmitted disease and HIV detection and control efforts.
Total knee replacement in the stiff knee (1988)

The quadriceps turndown procedure is an important part of the surgical armamentarium of the knee arthroplasty surgeon. In the knee contracted in extension, it provides distinct advantages for safe exposure, restoration of a functional flexion range, and facilitation of early postoperative rehabilitation. Close attention to detail during this procedure is imperative. Satisfactory resolution of extensor lag and restoration of a functional flexion range may be anticipated.
Microscale nuclear magnetic resonance: a tool for soft matter research (2012)

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and imaging (MRI) are important non-destructive investigative techniques for soft matter research. Continuous advancements have not only lead to more sensitive detection, and new applications, but have also enabled the shrinking of the detectable volume of sample, and a reduction in time needed to acquire a spectrum or image. At the same time, advances in microstructuring and on-chip laboratories have also continued unabated. In recent years these two broad areas have been productively joined into what we term micro nuclear magnetic resonance (μMR), an exciting development that includes miniaturized detectors and hyphenation with other laboratory techniques, for it opens up a range of new possibilities for the soft matter scientist. In this paper we review the available miniaturization technologies for NMR and MRI detection, and also suggest a way to compare the performance of the detectors. The paper also takes a close look at chip-laboratory augmented μMR, and applications within the broad soft matter area. The review aims to contribute to a better understanding of both the scientific potential and the actual limits of μMR tools in the various interdisciplinary soft matter research fields.
Abstract 805: KRASG12D and TP53R167H cooperate to induce pancreatic carcinoma in conditional transgenic <i>Sus scrofta</i> (2017)

Abstract Although survival has improved in recent years, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains remarkably virulent with a median survival time of only four months. As there is no effective strategy for the management of PDAC, there is a need for the development of new preclinical strategies. The majority of this work is being done in genetically modified mice, which faithfully recapitulate a variety of pancreatic cancer histotypes. While mice have allowed for unprecedented insight into pancreatic cancer etiology, due to fundamental differences in anatomy and physiology, mouse models of PDAC often fail to accurately predict responsiveness to therapy. As the pig pancreas has more similar anatomical orientation and localization to humans than that of rodents, pigs may serve as a more relevant model for PDAC and other malignancies of the pancreas. As KRAS and TP53 mutations are observed in approximately 95% and 70% of PDAC patients, respectively, we generated Cre/lox transgenic Sus scrofta expressing a LSL-KRASG12D-TP53R167H cassette and administered an Adeno-Cre particle to the pancreas gland parenchyma. This resulted in a mixed histoype of metastatic leiomysarcoma and neoplastic disease of the pancreas. To produce a similar pancreas histoype while avoiding the leiomyosarcoma, we next restricted the Adeno-Cre administration to the main pancreatic duct, which resulted in both PDAC and neuroendocrine carcinoma with no abnormality of the smooth muscle. This serves as the first large animal model of pancreatic carcinogenesis, and given the anatomical/physiological similarity of pigs and humans, may allow for insight into new avenues of research not before possible in rodents. Citation Format: Daniel Principe, Nana Overgaard, Andrew Diaz, Carolina Torres, Ronald McKinney, David Dawson, Laurie Rund, Regina Schwind, Paul J. Grippo, Lawrence Schook. KRASG12D and TP53R167H cooperate to induce pancreatic carcinoma in conditional transgenic Sus scrofta [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 805. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-805
Inhibition of diphosphatidylglycerol synthesis by u.v. A radiations in N.C.T.C. 2544 human keratinocytes (1994)

The effects of u.v. A radiations on phospholipid synthesis were studied in the N.C.T.C. 2544 human keratinocyte cell line, by using [14C]arachidonic acid, [14C]oleic acid or sodium [32P]orthophosphate as precursors. Cells were irradiated in Hanks' medium with 365 nm light at doses up to 19 J/cm2, and then phospholipid synthesis from the three precursors was studied. Under these conditions, only small alterations in the incorporation pattern of [14C]arachidonic into phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)] were observed, for u.v. A irradiation doses up to 19 J/cm2. In contrast, with [14C]oleic acid as precursor, two additional spots were observed, which co-migrate with pure phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) standards. The incorporation of [14C]oleic acid into PG and DPG was decreased in a dose-dependent manner after u.v. A exposure, with about 50% and 75% decreases at 9.5 J/cm2 and 19 J/cm2 respectively. As for arachidonic acid incorporation, no significant differences in the synthesis of the major phospholipids (PC, PE, PI) were noted upon u.v. A exposure. The dramatic and selective decrease in PG and DPG syntheses was confirmed with [32P]orthophosphate as precursor. As DPG is a specific component of the mitochondrial inner membrane, it appears that one of the early kinds of damage induced by u.v. A irradiation could be the impairment of mitochondrial functions.
miR-3929 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Downregulating Cripto-1 Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells (2021)

Cripto-1 is highly expressed in many cancers, and downregulating its expression may become a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the regulation of Cripto-1 expression is not well characterized. In this study, we focused on the post-transcriptional regulation of Cripto-1 expression and analyzed the potential miRNAs that bind to the 3'UTR of Cripto-1 mRNA. miR-3929 was found to be able to bind to the 3'UTR and downregulate the expression of Cripto-1 in cervical cancer cells. Then, we analyzed the effect of miR-3929 on the biological behavior of cervical cancer cells, finding that miR-3929 could reduce cell viability, DNA synthesis, and Ki67 expression and induce cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase; overexpression of Cripto-1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-3929 on proliferation. Moreover, DAPI staining and flow cytometry revealed that miR-3929-induced cell apoptosis is dependent on the mitochondrial pathway; the overexpression of Cripto-1 reversed the proapoptotic effect of miR-3929. Finally, the in vivo results showed that miR-3929 significantly inhibits the growth of HeLa xenograft tumors in nude mice. Therefore, our findings suggest that miR-3929 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by downregulating Cripto-1 via specifically targeting the 3'UTR of its mRNA.
NEW ASYMMETRIC POLY(ETHER-α-DIKETONES) BASED ON 4-FLUORO-4'-(P-FLUOROPHENYLGLYOXALYL)BENZOPHENONE (2001)

New poly(ether-α-ketones) based on a new asymmetric difluoroaromatic compound, 4-fluoro-4'-(p-fluorophenylglyoxalyl))benzophenone, were prepared. These polymers were characterized by IR, 1 H, 13 C, and 19 F NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TMA, and TGA. Poly(ether-a-ketones) are amorphous polymers; their T g values are within the 162-235°C range, and the temperatures corresponding to a 10% weight loss vary from 462 to 523°C. The values of dielectric constants are in the range from 2.90 to 3.25 at a relative humidity of 0%.
Electron microscopy of InGaN nanopillars spontaneously grown on Si(111) substrates (2010)

Abstract The mopholological, structural and chemical properties of In x Ga 1–x N nanopillars directly grown on Si (111) substrates, by molecular beam epitaxy, were investigated employing transmission electron microscopy related techniques. Single crystalline, single phase nanopillars were observed exhibiting a low density of crystal defects, which contribute to good crystal quality. Initial nanostructures merge through subgrain boundaries to form final nanopillars. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis revealed a very low InN mole fraction near the interface with the substrate, owing to high desorption rates from the elevated growth temperature, and gradually higher In incorporation rates near the tips of the nanopillars. This compositional fluctuation is maintained due to poor segregation of indium adatoms along the c‐axis of the nanopillars towards the Si interface. A second species of long and narrow nanopillars was found In‐free. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On numerical optimization of communications system design (1988)

The limiting factor in the use of computer tools for the design of communications systems is often the amount of human intervention needed, rather than the actual computation time. A technique is presented by which a large proportion of the low-level decision making is delegated to the computer, thereby allowing the designer to concentrate on the engineering aspects and higher-level tradeoffs. The implementation described can be used with existing design programs (e.g., transmission simulators). The possibilities and limitations of the technique are discussed, and several examples of its application are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Appropriateness of simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary revascularization]. (2008)

Patients suffering from a concomitant coronary and carotid artery occlusive disease represent a high-risk population whose management is still controversial. A modern approach to combined CEA and coronary artery bypass grafting may be safe. The high frequency of unstable carotid lesions in asymptomatic patients suggests to treat every stenosis > 75% in candidates to coronary artery bypass grafting. Carotid artery stenting should be avoided in the majority of cases, considering the possibility of unstable carotid stenosis and the atherosclerotic involvement of aortic arch.
Protective effects of PPAR  agonist in acute nephrotic syndrome (2011)

These results show that PPARγ agonist has protective effects on podocytes in acute nephrotic syndrome without deleterious effects on fluid homeostasis. PPARγ agonist-induced decrease in proteinuria in acute nephrotic syndrome is dependent at least partially on regulation of peroxisome proliferator-response element-sensitive gene expression such as α-actinin-4 and nephrin and the restoration of podocyte structure.
Second-Messenger Systems Coupled to Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (1994)

Glutamate and other excitatory amino acids (EAAs) have long been known to increase the levels of various second-messenger systems in different nervous system preparations. However, until recent years, these effects were generally held to be secondary to activation of glutamate-gated cation channels, and subsequent increases in neurotransmitter release or intracellular calcium concentrations. The first direct evidence for the existence of glutamate receptors directly coupled to second-messenger systems via GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) came in the mid1980s with the discovery of glutamate receptors coupled to activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Since that time, it has become clear that members of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family are coupled, either directly or indirectly, to a variety of second-messenger systems, including activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, regulation of adenylyl cyclase, activation of phospholipase D, increased cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate (cGMP) accumulation, and arachidonic acid release.
Prophylaxie de la septicémie des veaux, par colonisation artificielle avec des microbes (1967)

L’efficacité d’une colonisation artificielle de microbes non pathogènes dans le naso-pharynx, en tant que prophylaxie anti-infectieuse chez le veau nouveau-né, a été étudiée dans les conditions de la pratique. La colonisation microbienne a été réalisée immédiatement après la naissance, grâce à l’administration intranasale d’un mélange de bactéries, contenant environ 107 microbes vivants appartenant à 3 souches non pathogènes de bactéries des genres Micrococcus, Streptococcus et Corynebacterium. Les résultats suivants ont été notés : 1. — La suspension microbienne est dénuée de toute nocivité et elle est bien tolérée par les veaux nouveau-nés même mis au monde par césarienne. 2. — Dans 38 élevages où sévit la septicémie, 12 (= 7 p. 100) des 171 veaux traités prophylactiquement ont été malades et 2 sont morts. Parmi les 319 veaux-contrôles non traités des mêmes élevages et de la même période de vêlage, 114 (= 35,7 p. 100) sont devenus malades, et 24 sont morts. 3. — Dans 5 élevages infectés, le taux de morbidité chez les ani¬ maux traités a été comparé avec les pertes survenues au cours de périodes de vêlage précédentes. Sur 107 veaux traités, 5 (4,6 p. 100) ont été malades et 2 sont morts. Parmi les 232 animaux non traités, 78 (= 33,8 p. 100) ont été malades et 27 sont morts. La colonisation microbienne artificielle du naso-pharynx de veau nouveau-né est donc considérée comme une mesure prophylactique efficace contre les maladies infectieuses de la période néonatale.
Determination of Al molar fraction in Al<i>x</i>Ga1-<i>x</i>N films by Raman scattering (2011)

Raman scattering spectra were observed for a series of AlxGa1−xN film samples to evaluate the Al molar fraction x from phonon frequencies using published data for calibration. Comparison with a precise quantitative measurement of x by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed systematic deviations from the Raman analysis up to about 6 ∼ 15%. The molar fraction was also deduced by x ray diffraction (XRD), assuming elastic deformation of the lattice and Vegard’s law for the lattice constant. The XRD analysis agreed well with that of EPMA to suggest that the Raman analysis is sensitively affected by lattice distortion due to residual stress.
The Esophagogastric Junction (2000)

Department of Surgical Pathology Los Angeles County– University of Southern California Medical Center Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Detecting and Correlating Video-Based Event Patterns: An Ontology Driven Approach (2014)

With increasing amount of information (video, text) being available today, it has become non-trivial to develop techniques to categorize documents into contextually meaningful classes. The information as available in the documents is composed of sequence of events termed as patterns. It is evident to know the important trends as observed from patterns that are emerging over a specific time period and space. For identifying the patterns, we must focus on semantic meaning of documents. Tracing such patterns in videos or texts manually is a time-consuming, cumbersome or an impossible task. So, in this paper we have devised an unsupervised trend discovery approach that detects and correlates event patterns from videos temporally as well as spatially. We begin by building our own document collection on the basis of contextual meaning of documents. This helps in associating an input video with another video or text documents on the basis of their semantic meaning. This approach helps in accumulating variety of information that is scattered over the web thus providing relatively complete information about the video. The highly correlated words are grouped in a topic using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). To identify topics an E-MOWL based ontology is used. This event ontology helps in discovering associations and relations between the various events. With this kind of representation, the users can infer different concepts as emerged over time. For identifying the various spatial patterns that exist corresponding to an event in a document, we have utilized geographic ontology (Geoontology). We establish validity of our approach using experimental results.
V2V communication for analysis of lane level dynamics for better EV traversal (2016)

Slow moving traffic in heavily populated cities, can many times result in loss of lives due to emergency vehicles not being able to reach their destination hospitals on time. Recent advances in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) makes it increasingly likely that vehicles in the near future will be equipped with advanced systems that allow inter vehicular communication. In this paper, we assume the usage of such a system to optimize the lane level dynamics for an emergency vehicle (EV), traversing a multi lane stretch of road under a variety of traffic settings. In particular, we present the Fixed Lane Strategy (FLS) and the Best Lane Strategy (BLS) for EV traversal and perform an extensive agent based analysis to study their strengths and weaknesses. Through a series of experiments performed using the well-known traffic simulator SUMO, we could show that: (a) BLS performs better than SUMO strategy on all traffic settings we tested. (b) BLS performs better than FLS in settings that capture real-world traffic conditions involving congestion and uncertainties while FLS performs better in well-behaved conditions and (c) BLS was found to be the best strategy for the setting calibrated using real world data (obtained from NYCDOT).
Erratum: Observation of a new chromium-related complex in GaAs:Cr [J. Appl. Phys. <b>5</b> <b>5</b>, 4356 (1984)] (1985)

First Page
Weather and Reliability (2007)

Network-centric infrastructure demands robust systems that can respond automatically and dynamically to natural, accidental and deliberate faults, be they on a local scale, regional or national. The effects of weather, from heat waves and cold fronts to hurricanes and ice storms, on the electrical infrastructure are expected to escalate. The consequent power interruptions are an economic hardship of +100 billion dollars annually on the states affected and pose a significant threat to public safety nationally. The electrical infrastructure is fragile, and as each adverse weather system passes over our critical electrical infrastructure it becomes increasingly difficult to supply energy and restore service in case of disruption. A transformative research initiative will be discussed that will begin to protect and harden our nation's critical electrical infrastructure. This vision would lead to next generation power systems to come into being that are flexible, reliable, and intelligent electrical energy delivery systems. A revolutionary new way of sensing, intelligence gathering, and corrective actions is envisioned. The goal is to provide near uninterruptible service during severe weather events and make feasible monitoring of the critical electrical infrastructure in real time.