gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Seed Layer Thickness-Induced Transition From Vertical to Horizontal Growth of MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Two-dimensional (2D), layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can grow in two different growth directions, that is, horizontal and vertical. In the horizontal growth, 2D TMDC layers grow in planar direction with their basal planes parallel to growth substrates. In the vertical growth, 2D TMDC layers grow standing upright on growth substrates exposing their edge sites rather than their basal planes. The two distinct morphologies present unique materials properties suitable for specific applications, such as horizontal TMDCs for optoelectronics and vertical TMDCs for electrochemical reactions. Precise control of the growth orientation is essential for realizing the true potential of these 2D materials for large-scale, practical applications. In this Letter, we investigate the transition of vertical-to-horizontal growth directions in 2D molybdenum (or tungsten) disulfide and study the underlying growth mechanisms and parameters that dictate such transition. We reveal that the thickness of metal seed layers plays a critical role in determining their growth directions. With thick (>∼ 3 nm) seed layers, the vertical growth is dominant, while the horizontal growth occurs with thinner seed layers. This finding enables the synthesis of novel 2D TMDC heterostructures with anisotropic layer orientations and transport properties. The present study paves a way for developing a new class of 2D TMDCs with unconventional materials properties.
Preparation of Homogeneous Gold−Silver Alloy Nanoparticles Using the Apoferritin Cavity As a Nanoreactor (2010)

Homogeneous Au−Ag alloy nanoparticles have been synthesized in the cavity of horse spleen apoferritin (HSAF) by a diffusion technique. The Au−Ag nanoparticle cores are 5.6−6.3 nm in diameter with narrow size distribution (≤1.0 nm), and their average diameter was gradually increased with an increase in the Ag content. The core formation ratios of Au−Ag−HASF samples are higher than 80%. These series of nanoparticles were applied for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4. As the Au content was increased in the Au−Ag−HSAF nanoparticles, the rate constant of the reduction was exponentially increased from 1.3 × 10−3 s−1 (pure Ag−HSAF) to 7.58 × 10−2 s−1 (pure Au−HSAF). These synthesized Au−Ag nanoparticles with different compositions will be further applicable in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical areas.
Clinical analyses for 93 cycles of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2004)

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors and methods of prevention and treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in assisted reproductive techniques (ART).Methods: Clinical data of 93 cycles of OHSS patients after IVF-ET treatment from Apr. 1989to Oct. 2002 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: (1) A large number of follicles stimulated, luteal phase support with HCG and pregnancy were high risk factors to induce OHSS. (2) Longer disease process, more severe symptoms and more albumins used for treatment of OHSS were commonoy observed in pregnant patients with OHSS compared with non-pregnant ones. (3) Vena dropping human serum albumin is one of the most successful treatment as plasma expanders through restoration of colloid osmotic pressure; paracentesis is necessary for critical OHSS patients with severe ascites and hydrothorax;(4) Occasionally therapeutic abortion of an early gestation may be an only way for lifesaving when all other methods have failed.Conclusions: OHSS is a serious complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Proper prevention and treatment of OHSS are important for patient safety in ART.
A Scalable and Accurate Nonsaturated IEEE 802.11e EDCA Model for an Arbitrary Buffer Size (2012)

IEEE 802.11e EDCA induces service differentiation by appropriate joint tuning of four adjustable contention parameters. Existing and emerging work has devoted considerable attention to the nonsaturated performance of EDCA networks due to the difficulty of predicting the joint influence of the four parameters. However, most existing nonsaturated EDCA models adopt complex extensions of a Markov-chain approach. In sharp contrast, this paper invokes an extension of a renewal-reward approach. Our extension has the following unparalleled advantages: good scalability, ease of understanding, fast computation speed, high accuracy, models joint differentiation of all four parameters, captures the impact of an arbitrary buffer size, and predicts a wide range of performance indicators including the buffer overflow probability and the MAC access delay distribution. Our nonsaturated EDCA model is a nontrivial augmentation of our previously proposed nonsaturated DCF model. Our results indicate that if we accurately model the nonsaturated collision probability, the same formulas used for the saturated performance descriptors can produce accurate results for nonsaturated operation, and therefore it is unnecessary to construct specific formulas for nonsaturated performance descriptors, as done in previous work. To illustrate the utility of our model, we also develop an admission control policy based on the proposed EDCA model for a CWmin-differentiation system. Simulations validate that this policy enables the system to run slightly below a critical point, beyond which the system performance deteriorates drastically.
Development of Cloud-Based UAV Monitoring and Management System (2016)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with the potential to revolutionize commercial industries and the public domain outside of the military. UAVs would be able to speed up rescue and recovery operations from natural disasters and can be used for autonomous delivery systems (e.g., Amazon Prime Air). An increase in the number of active UAV systems in dense urban areas is attributed to an influx of UAV hobbyists and commercial multi-UAV systems. As airspace for UAV flight becomes more limited, it is important to monitor and manage many UAV systems using modern collision avoidance techniques. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based web application that provides real-time flight monitoring and management for UAVs. For each connected UAV, detailed UAV sensor readings from the accelerometer, GPS sensor, ultrasonic sensor and visual position cameras are provided along with status reports from the smaller internal components of UAVs (i.e., motor and battery). The dynamic map overlay visualizes active flight paths and current UAV locations, allowing the user to monitor all aircrafts easily. Our system detects and prevents potential collisions by automatically adjusting UAV flight paths and then alerting users to the change. We develop our proposed system and demonstrate its feasibility and performances through simulation.
Studies on NMR Analysis of Telomers Prepared from Vinyl Compounds and Carbon Tetrachloride (1969)

,70,1197(1967)
Influence of carbapenem resistance on mortality of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: a meta-analysis (2015)

Treatment of infectious diseases caused by the carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is becoming more challenging with each passing year. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of carbapenem resistance on mortality of patients with P. aeruginosa infection. We searched PUBMED, Web of science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library up to December 25, 2014, to identify published cohort or case-control studies. 17 studies, including 6660 patients carrying P. aeruginosa, were identified. The pooling analysis indicated that patients infected with CRPA had significantly higher mortality than those infected with carbapenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa (CSPA) (crude OR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.40, 1.93; adjusted OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.53, 3.69). The elevated risk of mortality in patients with CRPA infection was not lessened when stratified by study design, sites of infection, or type of carbapenem, except that the estimate effect vanished in CRPA high-incidence region, South America (crude OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.64, 1.99). Begg's (z = 0.95, p = 0.34) and Egger's test (t = 1.23, p = 0.24) showed no evidence of publication bias. Our results suggest that carbapenem resistance may increase the mortality of patients with P. aeruginosa infection, whether under univariate or multivariate analysis.
Moisture Instability of Borophosphosilicate Glass and the Effects of Thermal Treatment (1998)

Borophosphosilicate glass films deposited by tetraethoxysilane‐ozone chemical vapor deposition are highly susceptible to atmospheric moisture absorption. Moisture diffuses into these oxides through the exposed surface and incorporates itself as surface adsorbed water, silanol, and phosphorous dihydroxide. Thermal treatments dehydrate the glass matrix by (i) driving off surface adsorbed water, (ii) causing pairs of silanol groups to react to form silicon dioxide, and (iii) causing doubly hydroxylated phosphorous atoms to form phosphorous‐oxygen double bonds. The residual stress and thickness of as‐deposited films change rapidly over time due to the moisture instability whereas these properties are stable in furnace densified films. Films treated under various rapid thermal processing conditions (temperatures from 700 to 900°C and times from 10 to 50 s) are chemically similar to each other but have different physical properties depending on the specific conditions of the cure. The degree of chemical and physical change that takes place in these films over time also depends on the specific cure conditions. Phosphorous hydration plays an important role in these changes which correlate more strongly with the cure temperature than the cure time. For all of the cure conditions studied, the postcure film density is a consistently good predictor of the subsequent film stability.
Continuous creation and secondary causation: the threat of occasionalism (2010)

Abstract One standard criticism of the doctrine of continuous creation is that it entails the occasionalist position that God alone is a true cause and that the events we commonly identify as causes are merely the occasions upon which God brings about effects. I begin by clearly stating Malebranche's argument from continuous creation to occasionalism. Next, I examine two strategies for resisting Malebranche's argument – strong and weak concurrentism – and argue that weak concurrentism is the more promising strategy. Finally, I argue that weak concurrentism requires a necessitarian approach to secondary causation.
Nonminimum-phase FIR channel estimation using cumulant matrix pencils (2003)

This paper studies the blind estimation of single-input-single-output channels with finite impulse response (FIR) and nonminimum phase. Based on higher order statistics, we introduce a new algorithm that exploits a matrix pencil constructed from a set of cumulant matrices. By solving a generalized eigenvalue problem, channel estimates (up to a scalar ambiguity) can be obtained from nontrivial generalized eigenvectors of this cumulant matrix pencil. With multiple estimation results available, different schemes are given to extract channel information effectively. The proposed algorithm does not require exact knowledge of the channel length and can function properly under channel length overestimation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the robustness of this new algorithm to various adverse conditions.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of New Phosphorylated R,R’-substituted Sulfoximines (2005)

R,R'-disubstituted sulfoximines were phosphorylated with O,O-diethylchloro phosphate and phosphorothionate to obtain new organophosphorus compounds. After purification they were characterized by GC-MS and (1)H-NMR. The toxicity of the synthesized O,O-diethyl N-(R,R'-disubstituted sulfoximine) phosphoro-amidothionates was assayed on Musca domestica. It was found that the methyl phenyl derivative was the most toxic compound, followed by the dipropyl and dibutyl derivatives. The dihexyl compound was the less toxic of all the assayed compounds, being one hundred times less toxic than a paraoxon standard The anticholinesterasic activity of the corresponding phosphoramidates was assayed on homogenates of house flies' heads, giving values similar to paraoxon for the methyl phenyl derivative.
Polyolefin Elastomers Based on Ethylene and Propylene (1972)

Abstract In 1940, the first all-hydrocarbon elastomer containing limited olefinic functionality, butyl rubber, was announced. Because of its resistance to em-brittlement on aging, cracking on exposure to ozone, its impermeability to gases, and high damping capacity, this elastomer found use in inner tubes, cable insulation and miscellaneous hose, grommet, and gasket applications, generally lumped together as mechanical goods. It was the chemist's desire to prepare elastomers from other simple, inexpensive olefins, varying the structure to meet property requirements and using limited functionality to accommodate vulcanization. But no such preparative scheme was found, and, instead, attention was turned to modifications of known, substantially saturated hydrocarbon polymers to effect elastomeric properties and vulcanizability or to prepare elastomers from other raw materials, typical examples being Hypalon (chlorosulfonated, low density polyethylene) and polymers derived from epoxides and acrylates. However, K. Ziegler and coworkers pursued the matter of dimerization or oligomerization of olefins with metal alkyls until a breakthrough was made, and the catalyst system now known as Ziegler or Mulheim catalysts was discovered. This basic discovery, initially applied to the polymerization of ethylene, was expanded by Natta and his group and others to preparation of entirely new polymer structures. And, while attention was initially devoted to the preparation of miscellaneous stereoregular, crystalline homopolymers from simple olefins, it was virtually axiomatic that it would inevitably turn to the preparation of elastomeric copolymers. So, like the development of butyl rubber from polyisobutylene, ethylene/propylene elastomers (EPM) were followed by their olefin-containing terpolymers (EPDM), all of which are commercially prepared today. The Nobel Prize Award addresses by each of these aforementioned men trace the history of this important step forward in organometallic catalysis and polymer science.
Concurrent Wind Cooling in Power Transmission Lines (2012)

Idaho National Laboratory and the Idaho Power Company, with collaboration from Idaho State University, have been working on a project to monitor wind and other environmental data parameters along certain electrical transmission corridors. The combination of both real-time historical weather and environmental data is being used to model, validate, and recommend possibilities for dynamic operations of the transmission lines for power and energy carrying capacity. The planned results can also be used to influence decisions about proposed design criteria for or upgrades to certain sections of the transmission lines.
The inner ear and the neurologist (2007)

Inner ear disorders are common and patients with vestibular failure often present to a neurology clinic because of their dizziness, gait unsteadiness and oscillopsia. Vestibular disorders can be divided into peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Most of the peripheral vestibular disorders have a clinical diagnosis, and a thorough history and examination will often provide a clear direction as to the diagnosis. Correct diagnosis allows treatment for many of the peripheral and central vestibular disorders. As inner ear damage is generally irreversible, early diagnosis allowing prompt treatment is important. The aim of this review is to discuss some audiovestibular conditions that may well appear in a neurology clinic, and to discuss some recent advances within the audiovestibular field that may be of interest to neurologists. Some of the most common audiovestibular conditions will be discussed along side more uncommon conditions.
Computational Study of pH-sensitive Hydrogel-based Microfluidic Flow Controllers (2011)

This computational study investigates the sensing and actuating behavior of a pH-sensitive hydrogel-based microfluidic flow controller. This hydrogel-based flow controller has inherent advantage in its unique stimuli-sensitive properties, removing the need for an external power supply. The predicted swelling behavior the hydrogel is validated with steady-state and transient experiments. We then demonstrate how the model is implemented to study the sensing and actuating behavior of hydrogels for different microfluidic flow channel/hydrogel configurations: e.g., for flow in a T-junction with single and multiple hydrogels. In short, the results suggest that the response of the hydrogel-based flow controller is slow. Therefore, two strategies to improve the response rate of the hydrogels are proposed and demonstrated. Finally, we highlight that the model can be extended to include other stimuli-responsive hydrogels such as thermo-, electric-, and glucose-sensitive hydrogels.
Výhodné smluvní podmínky jako varovné signály (2003)

Důsledky obchodních smluv by neměly připomínat výsledek zápasu v kopané, kde vítězství jedné strany v poměru 3:0 znamená porážku strany druhé v tomtéž poměru. Teorie her tvrdí, že správná smlouva spočívá na "win-win strategy" - vyhrávají (získají výhody) oba spolupracující soupeři. Pojem kontraktace - ale­spoň jak tvrdí jazykovědci - není odvozen od slova "kontra" nýbrž od latinského výrazu "cum trahere" (táhnout spolu).
Preparation of CF3CHO (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of CF3CHODavid G. Hooper , Leon F. Loucks , and Michael T. H. Liu Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 2, 131Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1975Published inissue 1 February 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p131RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (271 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Selective labilization of specific granules in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by phorbol myristate acetate. (1974)

The action of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), the active principle of croton oil, on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been evaluated in this study. Small amounts of PMA caused the rapid development of vacuoles in neutrophils and the disappearance of specific granules. Histochemical and cytochemical studies revealed that alkaline phosphatase activity was transferred to vacuoles and disappeared from the cells, while myeloperoxidase activity remained associated with intact azurophilic lysosomes. Electron-dense tracers indicated that the vacuole membranes originated, at least in part, from the cell wall of the neutrophils. The results indicate that PMA stimulates events remarkably similar to those which take place when bacteria are engulfed by PMNs, except for the failure of azurophilic lysosomes to participate in PMA-induced vacuole formation. PMA appears to be the first chemical agent capable of inducing selective labilization of specific granules in the neutrophil.
Synthesis and Characterization of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays (1999)

Highly ordered, isolated, long carbon nanotubes can be grown over large areas using the improved chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method reported here. The secret to the controlled growth lies in the substrate used—mesoporous silica embedded with iron nanoparticles. After synthesis, the substrate can be removed, retaining aligned tubes with neat roots. The production of pure, homogeneous, and uniform samples of highly graphitized nanotubes is important not only for potential applications but also for detailed characterization of the nanotubes' properties.
Terfenadine-Ketoconazole Interaction (1993)

Ketoconazole alters the metabolism of terfenadine in normal men and women and results in the accumulation of unmetabolized parent drug, which is associated with significant prolongation of the corrected QT interval. This drug combination should be avoided.
Account sharing in the context of networked hospitality exchange (2014)

This paper examines account sharing in the context of networked hospitality exchange. I discuss the dynamics of account sharing based on a qualitative interview study with multi-person households who offer to host visitors via Couchsurfing.org. Findings reveal that multi-person households that engage in account sharing face several challenges, including presenting multiple people in one profile, coordinating negotiations over access to domestic space, and representing in a fair way the reputation hosts have accumulated together over time. Amidst the rising rhetoric of a 'reputation economy', this paper calls for engaging the inclusions, exclusions, and inequalities that reputation metrics may renew or create, especially if they fail to acknowledge people's account sharing practices. Furthermore, this paper encourages adopting a design focus beyond individuals in order to support maintaining shared accounts and interacting with others through them. The findings have implications for a variety of hospitality exchange services and other online systems.
Detection of neuropathy using a sudomotor test in type 2 diabetes (2015)

The SudoPath system is easy to use, operator-independent, and fast (3-minute testing time). This study shows that the device will be useful to assess the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes patients in developing PDN complications.
The Role of Growth Factors, Cytokines and Proteases in Wound Management (2001)

The wound healing process involves a series of cellular and biochemical events that ultimately lead to tissue repair and regeneration. These events are classically defined as haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, epithelisation, maturation and remodelling of the scar tissue. Of particular importance to the healing process is the involvement of endogenous growth factors, cytokines and proteases at each of these events. Current knowledge of these at each stage of healing, as well as the biochemical nature of wounds, suggests that there is great potential for analogues of these agents to improve the quality and healing time of a wound, particularly a chronic wound, when they are applied exogenously. However, many products containing growth factors, cytokines or protease inhibitors are yet to reach market availability. This is mainly due to formulation problems (such as stability), safety concerns, pharmacological aspects (such as effective doses and growth factor combinations) and difficulties with developing well-controlled clinical trials to prove their efficacy. However, the concept of employing exogenous growth factors, cytokines and protease inhibitors to promote optimal wound healing is only in its infancy. And, while further research into the pharmacology, toxicology and formulation of design and development is still warranted, the American Food and Drug Administration's approval of the growth factor based product, Regranex , should that indicate that the role of these substances in wound management seems promising.