gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A remote sensor for the three components of transient electric fields (1988)

An active device for measuring the three orthogonal components of a wideband (3 Hz to 4 MHz) transient electric field is described. The system design is specifically tailored to detect the electric fields from lightning occurring at distances from less that 1 km to over 100 km. Each electric field component is sensed on one of three isolated sections of a single metallic sphere that itself is electrically isolated from its surroundings. Electronics within the sphere detect and process signals proportional to the charges induced by the electric fields on the isolated sections of the sphere. The signals are passed to a remote recording device via analog fiber optics links. Also contained within the sphere are controls both to change gain settings and to apply internal calibrations on command from a remote VHF transmitter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insulin secretion and plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] after oral glucose in cirrhosis (1995)

A blunted initial insulin secretory response may contribute to oral glucose intolerance in cirrhosis. Oral glucose is a better stimulant to insulin secretion than intravenous (IV) glucose in part because of release of gut peptides, notably glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] (GLP-1 [7-36 amide]). Because impaired release of or resistance to these gut peptides could explain impaired insulin secretion after oral glucose, we measured insulin secretion, plasma GIP, and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] levels, basally and after 75 g oral glucose, in 10 cirrhotics and 10 controls. Insulin secretion was calculated from a two-compartment analysis of serum C-peptide levels using kinetic parameters derived from IV injection of recombinant human C-peptide. C-peptide metabolic clearance rate, and the fractional rate constants for C-peptide (using the two-compartment model) were not significantly different, but the volume of the central compartment was 15% greater in cirrhotics (P < .01). Fasting blood glucose levels were similar (cirrhotics, 4.9 +/- 0.2; controls, 4.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) but serum insulin was six times higher in cirrhotics (P < .001). Cirrhotics had higher fasting GIP (215 +/- 72 vs. 42 +/- 18 pmol/L) and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] levels (25 +/- 3 vs. 16 +/- 1 pmol/L) (both P < .05). After oral glucose, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in cirrhotics. The timing of the gut peptide response to oral glucose was similar in the two groups, but peak levels of both peptides were approximately x2 higher in the cirrhotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: THERMISCHER ABBAU VON PROMAZIN‐AMINOXIDEN IM ALKALISCHEN MEDIUM (1970)

Abstract Das Promazin‐5,5‐dioxid‐N‐oxid‐O‐sulfonat (I) wird beim Erhitzen mit verdünnter Kalilauge primär in 10‐Dimethylaminoäthyliden‐phenothiazin‐ 5,5‐dioxid (II) und Formaldehyd gespalten, die im alkalischen Medium weiter zum Promazin‐5,5‐dioxid (III) reagieren.
Lyomesomorphic Behaviour of Selected Di-Palladium Organyls in Hydrocarbons (1997)

Abstract The lyotropic phase behaviour of selected lath-like di-palladium organyls and of an almost linear one in mixtures with linear, saturated or cyclic, unsaturated hydrocarbons has been studied. The ratio of the length of the aliphatic chains of the metal complexes vs. the length of the respective solvent molecules appeared to be important for the mesomorphism of such binary mixtures. During this study it became clear that the formation of lyotropic phases is controlled in two ways: 1) by the thermomesomorphic behaviour of the pure material being preserved in apolar organic solvents used here or 2) by the influence such solvents have on the development of different architectures of them. As an example for one case of the first family X-ray data are included. Beyond that, further details of a first case of lyotropic twisted nematic (N*) phase formation in a binary system composed of a non-chiral di-palladium organyl and a chiral hydrocarbon, (R)-(+)-limonene, are also reported.
On the use of C++ for system-on-chip design (2003)

To model complex embedded systems at a high level of abstraction existing languages usually stress the specification of functionality. Our experience with industrial strength designs, however, shows that structure and timing must be considered from the beginning, and refined concurrently with functionality. We present a C++ library for the modeling of concurrency and timing in an executable system model. Together with the built-in extensibility of C++ this library is the foundation for a rich set of primitives supporting different modeling paradigms in a single language framework. This allows designers to start with a conceptual system capturing functionality, structure and timing as desired and gradually refine it to a fully detailed implementable model using the most appropriate modeling paradigm for each phase and part of the design.
Prognostic significance of perirenal fat invasion and tumor size in pT1 to pT3a renal cell carcinoma: Results of a comprehensive multicenter study of the CORONA project—Can we improve prognostic discrimination of patients with stage pT3a tumors? (2015)

416 Background: The renal cell carcinoma (RCC) TNM system merges perirenal fat invasion (PFI) and renal vein invasion (RVI) as stage pT3a despite limited evidence concerning their prognostic equivalence. Additionally, the prognostic value of PFI compared to pT1-pT2 tumors remains controversial. Methods: Data of 7,595 pT1a-pT3a RCC patients undergoing radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparin surgery were pooled from 12 European and U.S. centers (1999-2010). Patients were grouped according to stages and presence of PFI/RVI, i.e., pT1-2N0M0 (n=6,137; 80.8%), pT3aN0M0+PFI (n=1,036; 13.6%), and pT3aN0M0 (RVI±PFI; n=422; 5.6%). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models, sensitivity and discrimination analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of clinico-pathological parameters on cancer-specific mortality (CSM). Results: Compared to stage pT1-2, patients staged pT3a were significantly more frequently male (58.9 vs. 53.1%), older (65 vs. 62.1 yrs), more often had clear cell RCC (86.1 vs. 77.7%), Fuhrman grade 3-4 (30.5 vs. 13.4%), tumor size >7 cm (39.6% vs. 13%), and less often underwent NSS (7.1 vs. 36.6%; each p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, CSM of both patients with PFI and RVI±PFI was significantly enhanced compared to pT1-2 patients (HR 1.96 and 2.14, resp.; p<0.001), whereas patients featuring PFI only and RVI±PFI did not differ (HR 0.92; p=0.48). Tumor size instead significantly influenced CSM in stage pT3a (HR 1.07; p<0.001) with a 7 cm cut-off yielding the highest c-index. Conclusions: Since the prognostic impact of PFI and RVI on CSM seems to be comparable, merging both as stage pT3a might be justified. Enhanced prognostic discrimination of stage pT3a RCC patients appears to be possible by employing a 7 cm tumor size cut-off within an alternative staging system.
Tobacco exposure results in increased E6 and E7 oncogene expression, DNA damage and mutation rates in cells maintaining episomal human papillomavirus 16 genomes (2014)

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections are necessary but insufficient agents of cervical and other epithelial cancers. Epidemiological studies support a causal, but ill-defined, relationship between tobacco smoking and cervical malignancies. In this study, we used mainstream tobacco smoke condensate (MSTS-C) treatments of cervical cell lines that maintain either episomal or integrated HPV16 or HPV31 genomes to model tobacco smoke exposure to the cervical epithelium of the smoker. MSTS-C exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in viral genome replication and correspondingly higher early gene transcription in cells with episomal HPV genomes. However, MSTS-C exposure in cells with integrated HR-HPV genomes had no effect on genome copy number or early gene transcription. In cells with episomal HPV genomes, the MSTS-C-induced increases in E6 oncogene transcription led to decreased p53 protein levels and activity. As expected from loss of p53 activity in tobacco-exposed cells, DNA strand breaks were significantly higher but apoptosis was minimal compared with cells containing integrated viral genomes. Furthermore, DNA mutation frequencies were higher in surviving cells with HPV episomes. These findings provide increased understanding of tobacco smoke exposure risk in HPV infection and indicate tobacco smoking acts more directly to alter HR-HPV oncogene expression in cells that maintain episomal viral genomes. This suggests a more prominent role for tobacco smoke in earlier stages of HPV-related cancer progression.
Comparison of olfactometry, gas chromatography, and electronic nose technology for measurement of indoor air from swine facilities. (2000)

Indoor air from swine finishing facilities was analyzed by olfactometry, gas chromatography (GC), and an electronic nose. Olfactometry used dynamic dilution triangular forced-choice. Air samples collected in Tedlar bags were analyzed using an AromaScan A32S electronic nose. Sixteen compounds, primarily nonsulfur protein metabolites were quantified by GC/mass spectrometry (MS) and an equation was generated to predict odor dilution threshold (R2 < .3). Electronic nose evaluation of room air samples was not strongly correlated to olfactometry measures (r < .2). However, the equation developed from the GC/MS analyses was capable of predicting the electronic nose response to air samples (R2 > .8).\nThe results suggest that human panelist responses may be based on detection of compounds that were not included in GC/MS quantification procedures and are not well detected by the electronic nose.
Evaluation of bioavailability upon oral administration of cinnarizine-.BETA.-cyclodextrin inclusion complex to beagle dogs. (1985)

The bioavailability of cinnarizine (CN) upon oral administration of its β-cyclodextrin complex to beagle dogs was investigated in comparison with that of CN alone. The dissolution rate at pH 3.0-6.8 was increased significantly by inclusion complexation, but there was no difference in the bioavailability of CN after oral administration of β-cylodextrin complex and that of CN alone. The absorption of CN was decreased significantly when CN was administered with NaHCO3. However, no decrease was observed in the case of CN-β-cylodextrin inclusion complex.
Mechanism of attenuation of skeletal muscle protein catabolism in cancer cachexia by eicosapentaenoic acid. (2001)

Cancer cachexia is characterized by selective depletion of skeletal muscle protein reserves. Soleus muscles from mice bearing a cachexia-inducing tumor (MAC16) showed an increased protein degradation in vitro, as measured by tyrosine release, when compared with muscles from nontumor-bearing animals. After incubation under conditions that modify different proteolytic systems, lysosomal, calcium-dependent, and ATP-dependent proteolysis were found to contribute to the elevated protein catabolism. Treatment of mice bearing the MAC16 tumor with the polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), attenuated loss of body weight and significantly suppressed protein catabolism in soleus muscles through an inhibition of an ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway. The ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway is considered to play a major role in muscle catabolism in cachexia, and functional proteasome activity, as determined by "chymotrypsin-like" enzyme activity, was significantly elevated in gastrocnemius muscle of mice bearing the MAC16 tumor as weight loss progressed. When animals bearing the MAC16 tumor were treated with EPA, functional proteasome activity was completely suppressed, together with attenuation of the expression of 20S proteasome alpha-subunits and the p42 regulator, whereas there was no effect on the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2(14k)). These results suggest that EPA induces an attenuation of the up-regulation of proteasome expression in cachectic mice, and this was correlated with an increase in myosin expression, confirming retention of contractile proteins. EPA also inhibited growth of the MAC16 tumor in a dose-dependent manner, and this correlated with suppression of the expression of the 20S proteasome alpha-subunits in tumor cells, suggesting that this may be the mechanism of tumor growth inhibition. Thus EPA antagonizes loss of skeletal muscle proteins in cancer cachexia by down-regulation of proteasome expression, and this may also be the mechanism for inhibition of tumor growth.
Linear Least Squares Approach for Accurate Received Signal Strength Based Source Localization (2011)

A conventional approach for passive source localization is to utilize signal strength measurements of the emitted source received at an array of spatially separated sensors. The received signal strength (RSS) information can be converted to distance estimates for constructing a set of circular equations, from which the target position is determined. Nevertheless, a major challenge in this approach lies in the shadow fading effect which corresponds to multiplicative measurement errors. By utilizing the mean and variance of the squared distance estimates, we devise two linear least squares (LLS) estimators for RSS-based positioning in this paper. The first one is a best linear unbiased estimator while the second is its improved version by exploiting the known relation between the parameter estimates. The variances of the position estimates are derived and confirmed by computer simulations. In particular, it is proved that the performance of the improved LLS estimator achieves Cramér-Rao lower bound at sufficiently small noise conditions.
CO Poisoning Effects on FeNC and CN<sub><i>x</i></sub> ORR Catalysts: A Combined Experimental–Computational Study (2016)

CO poisoning as a probe for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites was examined on both iron–nitrogen coordinated catalysts supported on carbon (FeNC) and nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures (CNx). Rotating disk electrode (RDE) experiments show a partial decrease in the ORR activity of FeNC catalysts after CO exposure and no decrease for CNx catalysts. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy experiments after exposure to CO show a peak at 2033 cm–1 (associated with linearly bound CO) on the FeNC catalysts and no peaks associated with adsorbed CO on the CNx catalyst surface. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations incorporating dispersion interactions of the adsorption energy of O2 and CO were performed on a total of 16 proposed active sites for the FeNC and CNx catalysts. On CNx, all the sites show weak CO adsorption and only O2 molecules are expected to adsorb, which matches the experimental observation of no poisoning. Several FeNC sites show CO binding energies similar in strength to that seen for Pt(111), but only two sites, namely FeN4/C pyridinic and FeN4/C pyrrolic, are found to bind CO stronger than O2. DFT results suggest that the partial poisoning (instead of complete poisoning as found on Pt catalysts) observed in experiments is due to only some fraction of the active sites being blocked. DFT-derived CO stretch frequencies on FeNC show a similar redshift as observed in the DRIFTS experiments, which further confirms that the FeNC catalysts adsorb CO while the CNx catalysts only show weak physisorption.
Research Guides: Cambridge Structural Database: WebCSD and CSDS (2012)

A powerful and flexible resource to discover the knowledge contained within more than 500,000 crystal structures.
Can Color Doppler Sonography Aid in the Prediction of Malignancy of Thyroid Nodules? (2003)

Solid hypervascular thyroid nodules have a high likelihood of malignancy (nearly 42% in our series). The color characteristics of a thyroid nodule, however, cannot be used to exclude malignancy, because 14% of solid nonhypervascular nodules were malignant.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANGSMETALLHYDRIDOBORAT‐KOMPLEXE 4. MITT. CYANOTRIHYDRIDOBORAT‐KOMPLEXE VON METALLEN DER GRUPPE IB (1972)

Abstract Die Triphenylphosphinkomplexe (I) reagieren mit Na‐cyanotrihydrido‐ bzw. Na‐Cyanotriphenylborat zu den Produkten (II).
Exploring microbial sequence and community diversity on an unprecedented scale (2009)

We live in a world teeming with microbial life. Microbes occupy every known environment on earth, and trillions live on and inside our own bodies. Although microbes comprise the vast majority of biodiversity on the planet, we are only beginning to realize the importance of our microbial partners. 
Recent advances in sequencing technology (e.g. massively parallel pyrosequencing) and techniques (e.g. environmental sequencing, molecular barcoding) allow us to characterize microbial communities at an unprecedented rate, producing massive amounts of biological sequence data. 
However, using high-throughput sequencing to explore microbial diversity on a large scale presents daunting challenges. 
I address two of these challenges in this thesis. The first is the computational challenge. Although computers have steadily grown faster and more powerful, clock speeds are now stalling and more efficient, parallelized algorithms are thus needed to keep up with the rapid influx of data. The second is the human-computer interaction challenge. The vast, complex datasets now available are difficult to quickly identify patterns in and derive biological insight from, so improved visualization tools are needed to enable users to understand the data. I then highlight several use cases in which collaborators have applied these techniques to gain insight into microbial communities on an unprecedented scale, with applications to understanding diversity of microbes on the human gut and hand, to understanding which factors most affect microbial communities in the gut of different mammals and in a wide range of physical environments, and to understanding how microbial communities differ between lean and obese individuals. 
The tools I developed thus provide a new perspective on the microbial world, and are likely to have a substantial impact on our understanding of the role of microbes in human health and disease, and in a wide range of environmental processes. Although many challenges remain, we are now able to acquire and understand microbial datasets on a scale orders of magnitude greater than was possible when I began this work.
Déformation plastique d'un monocristal soumis à des déformations et des contraintes imposées. Expression du travail des contraintes non-imposées pendant la déformation. (1965)

International audience
In-Situ Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Gliding or Non-Motile Bacteria by Atomic Force Microscopy under Physiological Conditions without Immobilization (2013)

We present a study about AFM imaging of living, moving or self-immobilized bacteria in their genuine physiological liquid medium. No external immobilization protocol, neither chemical nor mechanical, was needed. For the first time, the native gliding movements of Gram-negative Nostoc cyanobacteria upon the surface, at speeds up to 900 µm/h, were studied by AFM. This was possible thanks to an improved combination of a gentle sample preparation process and an AFM procedure based on fast and complete force-distance curves made at every pixel, drastically reducing lateral forces. No limitation in spatial resolution or imaging rate was detected. Gram-positive and non-motile Rhodococcus wratislaviensis bacteria were studied as well. From the approach curves, Young modulus and turgor pressure were measured for both strains at different gliding speeds and are ranging from 20±3 to 105±5 MPa and 40±5 to 310±30 kPa depending on the bacterium and the gliding speed. For Nostoc, spatially limited zones with higher values of stiffness were observed. The related spatial period is much higher than the mean length of Nostoc nodules. This was explained by an inhomogeneous mechanical activation of nodules in the cyanobacterium. We also observed the presence of a soft extra cellular matrix (ECM) around the Nostoc bacterium. Both strains left a track of polymeric slime with variable thicknesses. For Rhodococcus, it is equal to few hundreds of nanometers, likely to promote its adhesion to the sample. While gliding, the Nostoc secretes a slime layer the thickness of which is in the nanometer range and increases with the gliding speed. This result reinforces the hypothesis of a propulsion mechanism based, for Nostoc cyanobacteria, on ejection of slime. These results open a large window on new studies of both dynamical phenomena of practical and fundamental interests such as the formation of biofilms and dynamic properties of bacteria in real physiological conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Mutant Mice and Rats Lacking D‐Amino Acid Oxidase (2010)

Abstract Review: 64 refs.
THE EFFECT OF $gamma$-RADIATION ON METHANOL DECOMPOSITION WITH ZINC OXIDE (1962)

For the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of radiation on methanol decomposition with zinc oxide catalyst, the catalytic decomposition of methanol was carried out by two methods. In one method, zinc oxide catalyst was irradiated with gamma rays prior to the decomposition, and methanol was decomposed with the irradiated catalyst, without irradiation of the reaction system. In the other method, methanol was decomposed under radiation, by use of zinc oxide catalyst which was not irradiated previously. The activity of the irradiated catalyst decreased as the radiation dose increased up to 2 x 10/sup 7/ r. The decompositton of methanol with this catalyst resulted in a greater amount of methylformate, and the amount of methylformate formed increascd with an increase in the radiation dose used in the irradiation of the catalyst. The electrical conductivity of the irradiated catalyst slightly increased with the radiation dose, whereas the specific surface area was not affected by irradiation. However, when the irradiated catalyst was heated at 400 deg C for 3 hrs, the catalyst showed the same activity and electrical conductivity as were found before irradiation. In the catalytic methanol decomposition carried out under gamma radiation, the rate of total decomposition of methanolmore » was increased and the yield of methylformate decreased, as the radiation dose was increased. It, therefore, seemed likely that the main role of gamma radiation in this reaction is to promote the decomposition of formaldehyde produced as an intermediate. (auth)« less
Some Properties of Benzoylated Cotton (1965)

Protection of fibrous cotton cellulose from weathering degradation and from degrada tion on exposure to high energy radiation (as measured by breaking strength retention), by substitution of benzoyl groups on the cellulose molecule, was demonstrated. It can be concluded that the presence of the benzoyl groups affected the absorption of incident energy by the cellulose molecule and/or the localization of energy within the molecule.
Chemical Formation of Ohmic Cu Layer on Highly Resistive Cu[sub 2]O (2006)

A metallic Cu layer was chemically formed on an electrodeposited layer with high resistivity by a simple immersion in aqueous solutions containing either potassium borohydride or dimethylamineborane for several minutes. The structural and electrical characterizations were performed using a X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, four-point probe tester, and current-voltage measurements. A highly adhesive Cu layer was formed on the under-layer by immersion in both solutions, and the thickness increased with increasing immersion time. The sheet resistance as low as and resistivity of were obtained for the thick Cu layer prepared by immersion for . The Cu layer also showed an ohmic behavior to the layer.