gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost-effectiveness of the Sensitive Thyrotropin Assay in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease in Ambulatory Patients (1989)

• The sensitivity and specificity of two sensitive thyrotropin assays were compared with those of other standard thyroid function tests in 544 ambulatory subjects who were clinically euthyroid, thyrotoxic, or hypothyroid. Both sensitive thyrotropin assays had the highest sensitivity and specificity (95%/89% and 92%/95%), followed by estimated free thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) level (82% and 94%), calculated free T<sub>4</sub>index (78% and 93%), and free triiodothyronine index (86% and 88%). Sensitivity of the two thyrotropin assay kits in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis was 86% and 95%, and that in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism was 92% and 94%. Other tests were nearly as sensitive in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis but not hypothyroidism. A cost analysis of a testing strategy that used either total T<sub>4</sub>, free T<sub>4</sub>index, or sensitive thyrotropin assay alone as the first-line thyroid test disclosed that to establish the patient's thyroid metabolic status would have cost $11 093, $14 536, and $24 902, respectively, using each test first. We suggest that, at current prices, routine use of the thyrotropin assay as a first-line test in ambulatory patients is not as cost-effective as the free T<sub>1</sub>index. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1989;149:526-532)
Modal optimization and filtering in piezoelectric microplate resonators (2010)

A systematic design procedure to tailor the modal response of micro-resonators based on flexible plates with piezoelectric films is demonstrated. Sensors/actuators were designed by optimizing the surface electrode shapes in the plane dimensions. A numerical finite element procedure, which considers the effective surface electrode covering the piezoelectric film as a binary function on each element, has been implemented. Two design goals are considered: (i) optimized response (actuation or sensing) in a given mode; (ii) implementation of a modal transducer by filtering specific modes. For a given mode in a plate with arbitrary boundary conditions, our calculations allowed us to predict the top electrode layout reaching higher displacement in resonance than any other electrode design for the same structure. Microcantilevers and microbridges were fabricated and their modal response characterized by laser Doppler vibrometry. In comparison to a conventional square-shaped electrode, our experiments show that the implemented designs can increase the response in any desired resonant mode and simultaneously attenuate the contributions from other unwanted modes, by simply shaping the surface electrodes. Enhancement ratios as high as 42 dB, relative to a full-size electrode case, are demonstrated. The limitations imposed by the fabrication are also discussed.
Natürlich vorkommende Cumarin‐Derivate, VII Synthese von racemischen Lomatin, Columbianetin, Angenomalin und Samidin (1971)

Abstract Ausgehend von Osthenol ( 1 ) werden die Cumarine 3 , 4 und 7 auf eindeutige Weise dargestellt. Weiterhin wird eine Synthese des Samidins ( 12 ) beschrieben.
Formation, Structure, and Dissociation of the Ribonuclease S Three-dimensional Domain-swapped Dimer . (2006)

Post-translational events, such as proteolysis, are believed to play essential roles in amyloid formation in vivo. Ribonuclease A forms oligomers by the three-dimensional domain-swapping mechanism. Here, we demonstrate the ability of ribonuclease S, a proteolytically cleaved form of ribonuclease A, to oligomerize efficiently. This unexpected capacity has been investigated to study the effect of proteolysis on oligomerization and amyloid formation. The yield of the RNase S dimer was found to be significantly higher than that of RNase A dimers, which suggests that proteolysis can activate oligomerization via the three-dimensional domain-swapping mechanism. Characterization by chromatography, enzymatic assays, and NMR spectroscopy indicate that the structure of the RNase S dimer is similar to that of the RNase A C-dimer. The RNase S dimer dissociates much more readily than the RNase A C-dimer does. By measuring the dissociation rate as a function of temperature, the activation enthalpy and entropy for RNase S dimer dissociation were found to resemble those for the release of the small fragment (S-peptide) from monomeric RNase S. Excess S-peptide strongly slows RNase S dimer dissociation. These results strongly suggest that S-peptide release is the rate-limiting step of RNase S dimer dissociation.
Characterizing changes in parent labelling and gesturing and their relation to early communicative development (2004)

In a longitudinal study, 17 parent-child dyads were observed during free-play when the children were 1;0, 1;6, and 2;0. Parents' labelling input in the verbal and gestural modalities was coded at each session, and parents completed a vocabulary checklist for their children at each visit. We analysed how the frequency of labelling in the verbal and gestural modalities changed across observation points and how changes in parental input related to children's vocabulary development. As a group, parents' verbal labelling remained constant across sessions, but gestural labelling declined at 2;0. However, there are notable individual differences in parental trajectories in both modalities. Parents whose verbal labelling frequency increased over time had children whose vocabulary grew more slowly than those whose labelling frequency decreased, remained constant, or peaked at 1;6. There were few systematic relations between patterns of parental gesturing and children's vocabulary development. Parents' verbal and gestural labelling patterns also appeared dissociable. However, parents' words and gestures were correlated when their children were 1;6, suggesting that gestures serve an important bootstrapping function at a critical point in children's vocabulary development.
Low temperature formation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite-PLA/PLGA composites (2000)

Hydroxyapatite-biodegradable polymer composites have been formed by a low temperature chemical route. Precomposite structures were prepared by combining alpha-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) (alpha-tricalcium phosphate or alpha-TCP) with poly(L-lactic) acid and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers. The final composite structure was achieved by in situ hydrolysis of alpha-TCP to Ca(9)(HPO(4))(PO(4))(5)OH (calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or CDHAp) either in solvent cast or pressed precomposites. Hydrolysis was performed at 56 degrees C-a temperature slightly above the glass transition of the polymers. The effects of polymer chemistry, composite formation technique, and porosity on hydrolysis kinetics and degree of transformation were examined with isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Calorimetric data and XRD analyses revealed that hydrolysis reactions were inhibited in the presence of the polymers. Isothermal calorimetry indicated the extent of the alpha-TCP to CDHAp transformation in 24 h to be 85% in the solvent cast composites containing PLGA (85:15) copolymer; however, XRD analyses suggested almost complete reaction. The CDHAp formation extent was 26% for the pressed composites containing the same polymer. In the presence of NaCl as a pore generator, 81% transformation was observed for the pressed composites. This transformation occurred without any chemical reaction between the polymer-inorganic components, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Minimal transformation to CDHAp occurred in composites containing poly(L-lactic) acid.
An improved performance poly Si pirani vacuum gauge using heat distributing structural supports (2005)

A new micro-Pirani gauge has been designed and fabricated that employs a ladder-shape structure with two parallel bridges and cross-links in between. This design enhances the physical performance of the gauge by increasing structural rigidity, thus allowing for longer beams and a wider selection of materials and by allowing for better heat distribution across the sensor -therefore improving the full scale range of device functionality. Using a 4 /spl times/ 2 /spl times/ 1000 /spl mu/m polysilicon Pirani gauge with the ladder structure, pressures below 0.01 Torr were resolved. The measurement accuracy was the limiting factor in Pirani gauge performance and was roughly 5% of the measured pressure in the 10 to 0.1 Torr range.
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in a 2 Year-old Chinese Girl: MRI Demonstration (2000)

We report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a rare case of choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) in a 2 year-old Chinese girl. MRI showed a large inhomogeneously enhanced tumor in the atrium of the right lateral ventricle with extraventricular invasion of the adjacent brain parenchyma. Cerebral angiography showed a right ventricular hypervascular tumor predominantly supplied by the right anterior and posterior choroidal arteries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of choroid plexus carcinoma in Taiwan.
Maintenance robot for wind power blade cleaning (2012)

Purpose Recently, wind power systems have increased in size as a function of economics of scale and they have become large offshore complexes. Approaching a wind power blade is very hard because not only are the blades set up at the sea but also the winds are very high. Nowadays wind power blades are cleaned by people using ropes and a small water jet. The operation is dangerous and inefficient. Therefore, we need a robot for blade maintenance. Method In order to keep the wind power system reliably in operation, both the moving robot mechanism on the blade’s curved surface and the bladeclean-up mechanism for maintenance repair are needed. The moving robot mechanism on the blade’s curved surface looks like INCHWorm, and it can move vertically on the blade. The vertical moving robot is loaded with a clean-up robotic mechanism. The blade clean-up mechanism on the vertical moving robot can clean the blade surface using a water jet, and brush. The water jet sprinkles water on the blade and cleans the surfaces. The brush moves horizontally and cleans the blade curve surface. Results & Discussion This paper suggests the blade-clean-up mechanism robot for maintenance of wind power blades. Not only is this robot automatically workable for blade cleaning, but it also saves time.
The Angiotensin II AT2 Receptor Is an AT1Receptor Antagonist (2001)

The vasopressor angiotensin II activates AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. Most of the known in vivo effects of angiotensin II are mediated by AT(1) receptors while the biological functions of AT(2) receptors are less clear. We report here that the AT(2) receptor binds directly to the AT(1) receptor and thereby antagonizes the function of the AT(1) receptor. The AT(1)-specific antagonism of the AT(2) receptor was independent of AT(2) receptor activation and signaling, and it was effective on different cells and on human myometrial biopsies with AT(1)/AT(2) receptor expression. Thus, the AT(2) receptor is the first identified example of a G-protein-coupled receptor which acts as a receptor-specific antagonist.
Multiscale Analysis of Landscape Heterogeneity: Scale Variance and Pattern Metrics (2000)

Abstract A major goal of landscape ecology is to understand the formation, dynamics, and maintenance of spatial heterogeneity. Spatial heterogeneity is the most fundamental characteristic of all landscapes, and scale multiplicity is inherent in spatial heterogeneity. Thus, multiscale analysis is imperative for understanding the structure, function and dynamics of landscapes. Although a number of methods have been used for multiscale analysis in landscape ecology since the 1980s, the effectiveness of many of them, including some commonly used ones, is not clear or questionable. In this paper, we discuss two approaches to multiscale analysis of landscape heterogeneity: the direct and indirect approaches. We will focus on scale variance and semivariance methods in the first approach and 17 landscape metrics in the second. The results show that scale variance is potentially a powerful method to detect and describe multiple-scale structures of landscapes, while semivariance analysis may often fail to do so especially if landscape variability is dominant at broad scales over fine scales. Landscape metrics respond to changing grain size rather differently, and these changes are reflective of the modifiable areal unit problem as well as multiple-scale structures in landscape pattern. Interestingly, some metrics (e.g., the number of patches, patch density, total edge, edge density, mean patch size, patch size coefficient of variation) exhibit consistent, predictable patterns over a wide range of grain sizes, whereas others (e.g., patch diversity, contagion, landscape fractal dimension) have nonlinear response curves. The two approaches to multiple-scale analysis are complementary, and their pros and cons still need to be further investigated systematically.
Ecophysiological consequences of differences in plant size: <i>in situ</i> carbon gain and water relations of the epiphytic bromeliad, <i>Vriesea sanguinolenta</i> (2001)

ABSTRACT This field study with the C 3 bromeliad Vriesea sanguinolenta (Cogn. & Marchal 1874) was initiated to explore the importance of size‐related ecophysiological changes in vascular epiphytes in a natural tropical setting. In this species, a step change from atmospheric to tank‐forming life form occurs during early ontogeny, followed by a continuous size increase of individuals with water‐impounding tanks. Although our study focused on the water‐impounding phase, this growth pattern also allowed us to compare ecophysiological consequences of a step change in life form with those associated with size increments among plants of identical life form. The shift in life form was accompanied by relatively minor changes, for example in leaf morphology (decrease in leaf thickness and trichome density) and leaf physiology (decrease in photosynthetic capacity), while there were more substantial changes during the tank‐forming phase. A major trend was a decreasing dependence of larger plants on internally stored water due to a more efficient tank. We suggest that the resulting, more reliable water supply in larger plants may be the proximate cause for the observed size‐related differences in leaf anatomy (relative reduction of water storage tissue, and relative and absolute increase in chlorenchyma thickness), leaf morphology (increase in stomatal density, decrease in trichome density), and leaf physiology (increase in net rates of CO 2 uptake, more conservative stomatal behaviour, higher residual transpiration). The results are compared with previous studies on heteroblasty in bromeliads, but are also discussed in the context of a gradual shift from a drought‐tolerance to a drought‐avoidance strategy.
Active optics and the new technology telescope (NTT): The key to improved optical quality at lower cost in large astronomical telescopes (1991)

Abstract The first fully ‘active’ telescope, the ESO NTT, produced its first astronomical images (‘First Light’) in March 1989. The spectacular results and the background work leading to them are described. The origins of the development of the active optics concept are reviewed and a description of the NTT system is given. Recent operational results and limitations to optical quality are discussed, as well as the steps taken to establish a fully automatic correction system. Finally, the optical efficiency of telescopes is considered in the light of the NTT experience and the implications for future ground- and space-based telescopes summarized.
Active adaptive sound control in a duct: A computer simulation (1981)

Most active sound cancellation systems reported in the literature use open-loop control, depend on near-zero phase delay in control system elements, and require constant acoustic signal transit time from a signal pickup (microphone) to a control sound source (loudspeaker). The applicability of such systems can be significantly enhanced by using closed-loop control. This study concerns a digital computer simulation of adaptive closed-loop control for a specific application, sound cancellation in a duct. The key element is an extension of Sondhi’s adaptive echo canceler and Widrow’s adaptive noise canceler from signal processing to control. The adaptive algorithm is thus based on the LMS gradient search method. The simulation shows that one or more pure tones can be canceled down to the computer bit noise level (−120 dB). In the presence of additive white noise, pure tones can be canceled to at least 10 dB below the noise spectrum level for SNR’s down to at least 0 dB. The underlying theory implies that the algorithm allows tracking tones with amplitudes and frequencies that change more slowly with time than the adaptive filter adaptation rate. The theory implies also that the method can cancel narrow-band sound in the presence of spectrally overlapping broadband sound. The method can be applied more widely, particularly to control systems that involve transport delay.
Acanthoma Fissuratum Cutis: Report of a Case and a Review of Previous Cases (1977)

Acanthoma fissuratum cutis is a benign cutaneous lesion apparently caused by constant minor trauma. In the case here reported it seemed to have been caused by poorly fitting spectacles. Since a lesion of this type may be mistaken for a basal-cell epithelioma, its accurate diagnosis will spare the patient needless surgery and expense.
Chemistry (Siebring, B. Richard) (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTChemistry (Siebring, B. Richard)Alfred T. Ericson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 4, 276Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1968Published inissue 1 April 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ed045p276.1Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (888 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Left ventricular assist using a jet pump. (1991)

A simple, effective, cardiac assist device was developed using a jet pump, a device that performs pumping by energy transfer from a high speed jet to low speed surrounding fluids. This jet pump is inserted retrograde through the aorta and placed in the left ventricle transvalvularly. The jet of oxygenated venous blood entrains blood inside the left ventricle and pumps into the aorta through the aortic valve. Jet velocity is kept below the hemolytic threshold of 1000 cm/sec. The device was placed in a mock circulatory system that stimulates the left ventricle and vascular system by generating a pressure wave (120/75 mmHg) with a 4 L/min cardiac output (CO). A bypass loop (from the venous reservoir to aorta using a Biomedicus pump, Biomedicus Inc., Eden Prairie, MN) was set up, and the jet pump was installed. When the jet pump is turned on, bypass flow rate (BF) is 2.5 L/min, entrainment pumping 1.5 L/min, and peak ventricular pressure (VP) falls below aortic pressure (AP), while maintaining the mean AP. Time tension index (TTI) is decreased 31%. This result, when compared with simple bypass at differing BF, shows more than a 20% reduction in TTI. This simple jet pump provided significant unloading of the left ventricle and may be potentially useful as a left ventricular assist device.
Design and performance of a broad-band optical diode to enforce one-direction traveling-wave operation of a ring laser (1980)

The principles for designing an intracavity "optical diode" for operation over a broad wavelength range are discussed. This is a device for enforcing one-direction traveling-wave operation of a ring laser. Test results in four dyes spanning the visible spectrum for two diode designs are given. The design with the broadest range, based on SF-2 glass as the Faraday rotator material, has given stable one-direction single-frequency operation from 425 to 810 nm.
[Lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of rat hepatocyte in vitro]. (1999)

LPS can induce apoptosis of hepatocyte in vitro.
The world according to wavelets: the story of a mathematical technique in the making (1998)

Drawing on interviews with leading wavelet researchers in the USA and France, this book tells the story of the rise of the field. It attempts to make the subject accessible to the non-mathematical reader, without sacrificing precision. The material is organized so that the mathematical details can be assimilated at the reader's own pace. The main text is devoid of formulas and relates a story of people and ideas, while separate boxes and appendices contain intricate discussions for the more mathematically minded.
Single-layer organic memory devices based on N,N′-di(naphthalene-l-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (2005)

We report a single-layer organic electrically bistable device made of N,N′-di(naphthalene-l-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine sandwiched between two electrodes. The measured current-voltage characteristics show two states of different conductivities at the same applied voltage—high-conductance state (ON state) and low-conductance state (OFF state)—and the two states are reproducible by applying a negative writing voltage. It was found that the ratio of the ON∕OFF current depends strongly on the writing voltage, and the bistable characteristics were yet retained for up to hours and days before reading the device after applying a writing voltage. Furthermore, more than 106 write-read-erase-reread cycles have been performed in ambient conditions without degradation. These properties show the devices promising for high-density, low-cost memory application.
Role of Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Lymphocyte Development (1999)

The progress made in manipulating the murine genomethrough gene targeting has allowed the identification of anumber of transcriptional regulators that have key roles invarious aspects of B- and T-lineage development. B andT cells develop from multipotent hematopoietic stemcells through restrictions during lineage progression (Wuet al. 1967). The mechanisms resulting in the commitment to a particular lineage remain to be clarified. Duringlymphocyte development, commitment has been associated with the expression of a number of lineage-specificgenes. Generally, the patterns of lineage-specific geneexpression change during the development of lymphocytes from their most primitive progenitors to the finaldifferentiated cell stage. Populations of lymphocyteshave been isolated and characterized for their growth,survival, and differentiation properties. Cell lines representing different stages of lymphocyte populations havebeen isolated as well and extensively characterized. Thisprogress has allowed the identification and characterization of a number of transcriptional regulators that havekey roles in lymphocyte development...