gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic analyses with rugfit an interactive pharmacokinetic computer program (1988)

RUGFIT is an interactive computer program to fit polyexponential equations to experimental points without the need of assumptions about the number of exponential terms and without the need of initial parameter estimates. The fitting is performed by iterative stripping minimizing the sum of squared residuals. This procedure leads to multiple model equations describing the profile of the y-value in time, that are compared with the test of Boxenbaum et al. The examples analysed in this paper are: a plasma decay curve after an intravenous bolus injection and one after an oral gift, a dA/dt versus time curve with a lag time and a curve possibly reflecting an entero-hepatic recirculation. The outcomes are, where possible, compared with the outcomes obtained with the computer programs CFT3, NONLIN, and NONLINEAR (SPSS). The latter three programs sometimes run into a local minimum, as the outcomes obtained with RUGFIT were close to the best ones obtained with the other programs. The analyses with RUGFIT show that a choice of an inadequate model equation can lead to a marked error in the value of the area under the curve that may result in a marked error of, for instance, the bioavailability. The procedures of RUGFIT are illustrated in the Appendix. RUGFIT also contains options to calculate microparameters, to simulate dosage regimes, to calculate exponents and intercepts from rate constants and to analyse time effect relationships.
Inhibition of long non-coding RNA TUG1 on gastric cancer cell transference and invasion through regulating and controlling the expression of miR-144/c-Met axis (2016)

lncRNA-TUG1 shows an up-regulated expression in GC tissue and that bears a correlation with clinicopathological features of malignant tumor. lncRNA-TUG1 can promote the transferring and invading capacity of GC by inhibiting the pathway of microRNA-144/c-Met.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD GENERATED BY A HORI- ZONTAL ELECTRIC DIPOLE ON A DOUBLE NEGATIVE MEDIUM HALF SPACE (2009)

The electromagnetic field produced by a horizontal electric dipole over a double negative(NDG) medium half space is discussed,and the analytical expressions of the field which are convenient for calculation are derived.Based on the formulae and the calculation results,it can be concluded that the dipole on the configuration composed of the common medium and the DNG medium half space can excited the surface wave.The propagating wave-number of the surface wave is less than that in both the two medium,so that this kind of surface wave is a kind of slow wave.Considered both the medium are lossless,the amplitude of the surface wave decrease with the radial distance as geometry divergence.The total field appears the complex interference because of the superposition of three kinds of wave modes.
Video services delivery in fiber in the loop systems using MPEG encoding and ATM transport (2002)

As broadband services are deployed in the local loop, transport platforms providing flexible bandwidth allocation are desirable. The emergence of MPEG video encoding and ATM cell switching and multiplexing provide an ideal mechanism for transporting bandwidth on demand for interactive services. This paper discusses the design issues involved in implementing ATM transport of MPEG signals in fiber in the loop systems. The cost and performance aspects of an example system approach are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Image-Space Caustics and Curvatures (2007)

Caustics are important visual phenomena, as well as challenging global illumination effects in computer graphics. Physically caustics can be interpreted from one of two perspectives: in terms of photons gathered on scene geometry, or in terms of a pair of caustic surfaces. These caustic surfaces are swept by the foci of light rays. In this paper, we develop a novel algorithm to approximate caustic surfaces of sampled rays. Our approach locally parameterizes rays by their intersections with a pair of parallel planes. We show neighboring ray triplets are constrained to pass simultaneously through two slits, which rule the caustic surfaces. We derive a ray characteristic equation to compute the two slits, and hence, the caustic surfaces. Using the characteristic equation, we develop a GPU-based algorithm to render the caustics. Our approach produces sharp and clear caustics using much fewer ray samples than the photon mapping method and it also maintains high spatial and temporal coherency. Finally, we present a normal-ray surface representation that locally parameterizes the normals about a surface point as rays. Computing the normal ray caustic surfaces leads to a novel real-time discrete shape operator.
The experimentalanalysis of the slip in the rubber belt CVT (2016)

This work deals with the analysis of the speed losses in CVT. The bench tests have been conducted on the scooter CVT equipped with the centrifugal regulation system. This solution is typical for this type of vehicles so the conducted experiments refer to real exploitation conditions. The slip has been defined on the base of the difference between speed ratios obtained from the angular speeds and the belt pitch radii. This approach corresponds with the Dittrich model. The non-linear dependence between the slip and the transmitted torque has been obtained for the constant gear ratio. Also non-linear dependence between the slip and the gear ratio has been received for constant torque. The amount of slip value indicates that this is significant part of the total power losses as it has been described by Bertini. However it clashes with the Chen researches, where the slip corresponds with the marginal part of the overall losses.
Bacterial Vaccines and Serotype Replacement: Lessons from <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and Prospects for <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1999)

Conjugate vaccines have reduced the incidence of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib), in industrialized countries and may be highly effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the serotype specificity of these vaccines has led to concern that their use may increase carriage of and disease from serotypes not included in the vaccine. Replacement has not occurred with the use of Hib vaccines but has occurred in trials of pneumococcal vaccines. Mathematical models can be used to elucidate these contrasting outcomes, predict the conditions under which serotype replacement is likely, interpret the results of conjugate vaccine trials, design trials that will better detect serotype replacement (if it occurs), and suggest factors to consider in choosing the serotype composition of vaccines.
Gamification and student motivation (2014)

The literature suggests that gamified learning interventions may increase student engagement and enhance learning. We empirically investigate this by exploring the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the participation and performance of over 100 undergraduate students in an online gamified learning intervention. The paper makes a number of contributions. First, by synthesizing the literature the central concepts required for a learning intervention to be considered gamified are mapped and the development of an online gamified learning intervention is described. Second, the effect of gamification on learning outcomes is examined using a pre- and post-intervention survey. We find that gamified learning interventions have a positive impact on student learning. Third, our results show that while generally positive, the impact of gamified intervention*ns on student participation varies depending on whether the student is motivated intrinsically or extrinsically. These findings will be of practical interest to teaching and learning practitioners working in a range of educational contexts, and at all levels of education, who wish to increase student engagement and enhance learning.
The <i>elav</i> Gene Product of <i>Drosophila</i> , Required in Neurons, Has Three RNP Consensus Motifs (1988)

A sequence of developmental events transforms neurons from their immature state to their mature, terminally differentiated state. The elav locus is one of the first examples of a gene that is expressed in neurons early during this developmental sequence. This gene has been shown to be required for the proper development of young neurons and for the maintenance of mature neurons. DNA sequence data presented in this report suggest that the elav gene product is an RNA binding protein, based on the presence of RNP (ribonucleoprotein) consensus sequences. This leads to the proposal that this protein is involved in the RNA metabolism of neurons.
Radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration. Long-term application to a patient with primary hypoventilation (1968)

Radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration (EPR) has been used successfully on a long-term intermittent basis to manage a patient with primary hypoventilation. The ability to use it only when desired, to adjust the amplitude of stimulation, and to control the rate of stimulation externally, has been made possible by use of the technique of radio-frequency transmission. Electrophrenic respiration by stimulation of one phrenic nerve has been carried out each night for ten months. Moderate fatigue of the stimulated diaghragm could be demonstrated after ten hours of stimulation. Further observation is required to determine if such fatigue is progressive. The future uses of radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration may include any condition of hypoventilation associated with an intact phrenic nerve and diaphragm. Whether its use will be of long-term benefit in the early stages of some hypoventilatory situations secondary to parenchymal disease is under study.
급냉응고된 Al - X 합금의 시효에 따른 상변화 (1985)

A study has been made on the change of hardness, lattice parameter and thermal stability in Al-X (X＝Ti, Zr, V) alloys which were produced by the Atomization-Splat Quenching method. Analysis of diffraction pattern was performed by computer for aging mechanism. In Al-Zr alloy, aging peak is obtained at 400℃ for 1 hour in the Vickers hardness test. Coherent metastable phases are detected by the TEM analysis during aging treatment. For Al-Ti alloy, it is found that the metastable structure is tetragonal (a＝12.4-12.6 A, c＝13.7-14.3A). When the alloys are heat-treated at 400℃ for 100 hours, the morphologies of precipitates are different each other.
Keystroke Dynamics. How typing characteristics differ from one application to another (2009)

This Master thesis is about continuous authentication using keystroke dynamics. We will look to\nthe typing characteristics in different applications and how those characteristics vary from one\napplication to another. It is proved that there are differences in those typing characteristics when\nthe user try to use different applications, However we need to investigate those differences to\nsee if we can still authenticate a person regardless which application is used. In other words,\nby looking at a selected numbers of applications, we are trying to answer a question "‘Does a\ntemplate based on a certain application allow a person to use another application and still\nbe authenticated by the system "’?. Furthermore we will look if it is possible to authenticate a\nperson based on one general template or we need a set of application dependent templates?
A correction method for dual energy liquid CT image reconstruction with metallic containers (2012)

With its capability of material discrimination, dual energy computed tomography (DECT) is widely used in security inspection for the purpose of detecting contraband. DECT provides effective atomic number image and electron density image in addition to traditional attenuation images. In dual energy liquid inspection system, the presence of metallic containers will cause partial volume effect (PVE) that leads to severe deviation in effective atomic number image. Usually, the deviation is too large for a reliable material discrimination and may cause false results. In this paper, a projection splitting method is proposed to combat the PVE. This method is based on the assumption that a prior projection of the empty container is available and photoelectric and Compton coefficient integrals can be calculated via dual energy decomposition. Each integral is split into two parts by subtracting the integral of the empty container from the total integral. The subtraction removes the integral part contributed by the container, thus discarding the error source created by PVE that appears on the boundary of the sinogram. Images are reconstructed in which only the interior liquid area remains. Experiments are performed in a real liquid inspection system to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. Accuracy of the reconstructed effective atomic number is greatly improved with this method, which helps a lot in determining the type of the object.
Overview of corticosteroid therapy in the different rheumatic diseases of childhood. (1991)

As an introduction to the workshop on corticosteroid use in childhood rheumatic disease, the types of preparations and the methods of administration are discussed. The specifics of steroid use in juvenile arthritis, dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus are given, with illustrative cases described. The use of steroids in other connective tissue diseases of childhood are briefly described.
Performance of the Bluetooth system in fading dispersive channels and interference (2002)

A noncoherent limiter-discriminator receiver is often considered for the Bluetooth system because of its simplicity and low cost. While its performance is more than adequate for some channels, the results are significantly degraded in either an interference-limited environment or a frequency selective channel. We compare the performance or the traditional limiter-discriminator with integrate and dump filter to a more sophisticated Viterbi receiver. We find that the Bluetooth access code is sufficient to be used for channel estimation in the Viterbi receiver. A comparison is carried out in a Rayleigh fading channel and in the presence of interference either from another Bluetooth piconet or an IEEE 802.11b wireless local area network. Performance metrics include bit error rate and packet loss rate.
IT architecture management: A framework for IT-services (2005)

In practice more and more concepts are used for IT service management. Standards like the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) ensure that IT services are delivered to meet all requirements of the business processes. They permit the effective and efficient design, operation and maintenance of IT services and the underlying service components in the short run. However, cost savings through the planning and controlling of the IT architecture remain unattended. This shortcoming can be eliminated with the integration of IT architecture management and IT service management frameworks into a superior IT governance framework. Since ITIL is one of the most established standards for IT service management it is used as the starting point to align IT service and architecture management.
Parallel Software for Training Large Scale Support Vector Machines on Multiprocessor Systems (2006)

Parallel software for solving the quadratic program arising in training support vector machines for classification problems is introduced. The software implements an iterative decomposition technique and exploits both the storage and the computing resources available on multiprocessor systems, by distributing the heaviest computational tasks of each decomposition iteration. Based on a wide range of recent theoretical advances, relevant decomposition issues, such as the quadratic subproblem solution, the gradient updating, the working set selection, are systematically described and their careful combination to get an effective parallel tool is discussed. A comparison with state-of-the-art packages on benchmark problems demonstrates the good accuracy and the remarkable time saving achieved by the proposed software. Furthermore, challenging experiments on real-world data sets with millions training samples highlight how the software makes large scale standard nonlinear support vector machines effectively tractable on common multiprocessor systems. This feature is not shown by any of the available codes.
[The genetic aspects of Williams-Beuren syndrome and the isolated form of the supravalvular aortic stenosis. Investigation of 128 families (author's transl)]. (1980)

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) was seen in 128 families. In 23 families several members had SVAS. In 4 families the Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) was present whereas members of 8 families had some features of the syndrome in addition to their cardiac lesion. In conclusion, no distinct separation can be made between WBS and SVAS. The genetic pattern is autosomal dominant with variable expressivity. The gene frequency is estimated at 10(-4) and the mutation rate at 2.5 . 10(-5).
AutoFix: a hybrid tool for automatic logic rectification (1999)

We address the problem of rectifying an erroneous combinational circuit. Based on the symbolic binary decision diagram techniques, we consider the rectification process as a sequence of partial corrections. Each partial correction reduces the size of the input vector set that produces error responses. Compared with the existing approaches, this approach is more general, and thus, suitable for circuits with multiple errors and for the engineering change problem. Also, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition of general single-gate correction to improve the quality of rectification. To handle larger circuits, we develop a hybrid approach that makes use of the information of structural correspondence between specification and implementation. Experiments are performed on a suite of industrial examples as well as the entire set of ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits to demonstrate its effectiveness.
An Assessment of Streaming Active Learning Strategies for Real-Life Credit Card Fraud Detection (2017)

Credit card fraud detection raises unique challenges due to the streaming, imbalanced, and non-stationary nature of transaction data. It additionally includes an active learning step, since the labeling (fraud or genuine) of a subset of transactions is obtained in near-real time by human investigators contacting the cardholders. These challenges and characteristics have traditionally been studied separately in the literature. In this paper, we investigate how previously proposed techniques can be combined to improve fraud detection accuracy. In particular, we highlight the existence of an exploitation/exploration tradeoff for active learning in the context of fraud detection, which has so far been overlooked in the literature. Relying on a real-world dataset of millions of transactions provided by our industrial partner Worldline, we performed an extensive experimental analysis in order to assess how traditional active learning strategies can be improved by using complementary machine learning techniques. We find that the baseline active learning strategy, denoted High Risk Querying, is a robust strategy, which can be further improved by combining it with Semi-Supervised learning.
Antiarrhythmic Profile of a New Class 1 Drug, AHR 10718, on Canine Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmia Models (1988)

Antiarrhythmic effects of AHR 10718 were examined using two-stage coronary ligation, digitalis and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias and aconitine-induced canine atrial arrhythmia. The minimum effective plasma concentration for each arrhythmia model was determined for quantitative analysis of the antiarrhythmic effects. AHR 1071 8 suppressed the above arrhythmias except for adrenaline-induced arrhythmia. The minimum effective plasma concentrations for arrhythmias induced by 24 hr coronary ligation, 48 hr coronary ligation and digitalis were 8.1 ±0.7 (by 10 mg/kg, i.v.), 2.9±0.9 (by 5 mg/kg, i.v.) and 2.8±0.6 (by 5 mg/kg, i.v.) /μg/ml, respectively (mean±S.D., n = 6). The correlation coefficients between the antiarrhythmic effects of AHR 10718 and its plasma concentrations were not high. This pharmacological profile is characteristic of class 1 Na channel blockers, and in particular, it is similar to those of disopyramide, procainamide and SUN 11 65 from our previous studies. AHR 10718 is expected to become a clinically useful antiarrhythmic drug.
Real Time (2010)

A system is real time when timeliness is a dimension of correctness; that means a correct answer delivered late is the same as an answer that has never been delivered. Real-time systems abound in the real world. To a degree, all systems are real time, because they have real-world deadlines: an airline ticketing program needs to issue tickets before the plane leaves, for example. Meeting deadlines is one aspect of real-time systems; the other is that the system behaves in a predictable manner. If the aforementioned airline reservation system issues tickets within 24 hours and does so for every ticketing request, the system can be considered real time.KeywordsCritical SectionVirtual MemoryPage FaultRound Robin SchedulePriority InversionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Using Integrated Information to Optimizing Matrix Acidizing (2001)

Abstract The technology of matrix acidizing has advanced dramatically over the last 30 years. Models have been developed to help understand and design the process, and methods have been applied in the field to monitor and evaluate treatments to achieve stimulation results as expected. Despite these advances, the success rate of acidizing is still low (estimated to be 50% - 70%), particularly in sandstones. When an acid treatment fails, not only will it waste the cost of the treatment, but also may possibly cause further damage to the well and lead to more severe problems. Acidizing success strongly depends on the susceptibility of nearwell formation damage to removal by the acid solution. Thus, the nature of the damaging material and the depth to which the damage penetrates into the formation are critical properties to the success of acidizing treatments. Predicting the outcome of a treatment using models of the process depends most strongly on the description of the damaged region provided to the model. The dilemma we face is that we seldom have a detailed knowledge of the damage, but instead only a global measurement of the skin factor of the well. In this paper, we present an approach to improve the success rate of matrix acidizing by using integrated formation damage models, sandstone acidizing models, skin evolution models, and well production information. The theoretical prediction of the well response to an acid treatment is compared with a skin analysis result obtained during the treatment. Problems with inappropriate treating fluids can be identified clearly with increased skin factor during certain injection periods. Damage depth and damaged permeability can be re-evaluated from the characteristics of the well response to the acid. The skin analysis result can be confirmed with the well production or injection data after acidizing. Using the improved description of the damage obtained from the skin analysis of treated wells, the simulation model can then be used to redesign acidizing treatments to achieve better results.