gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful combination of local CpG‐ODN and radiotherapy in malignant glioma (2005)

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) display broad immunostimulating activity and are currently under clinical trial in various malignancies, including recurrent glioblastomas. Combining CpG-ODN with another therapy that could induce antigen release might enhance tumor-specific immune response. We investigated whether radiotherapy (RT) could be associated advantageously to intratumoral injections of CpG-ODN. Fisher rats bearing 9L glioma were treated with various combinations of RT and CpG-28, an oligonucleotide with good immunostimulating activity. RT and CpG-28 induced complete tumor remission in one-third of the animals. When both treatments were combined, complete tumor remission was achieved in two-thirds of the animals (p < 0.001 when compared to non-treated rats, p < 0.03 when compared to CpG-28 alone). Such efficacy was not observed in nude mice, underlying the role of T cells in antitumor effects. The combination of both treatments appeared optimal when the delay between RT and CpG-28 administration was <3 days (from 100% survival for a 3 days delay, to 57% survival for a 21 days delay, p < 0.05). Tumor infiltration by immune cells and expression within tumors of the CpG receptor, TLR9, were not modified by irradiation. These results support an attractive strategy of sequential radiotherapy and immunotherapy by CpG-ODN and have potential implications for future clinical trials with CpG-ODN.
Scattering from flexural waves on a ribbed cylindrical shell (1994)

Monostatic scattering measurements over a ka range 2–30 made on two cylindrical shell structures, one with regular internal frames and one without, clearly demonstrate that the periodic discontinuities in the framed shell give rise to distinctive features in the scattering patterns at frequencies much lower than those at which Bragg scattering peaks can exist. These features are found to be even more dominant than those associated with the now well-known scattering from supersonic shear and compressional helical shell waves. When the measured scattering levels are displayed as a function of frequency and aspect, these features manifest themselves as curves suggestive of folded-over dispersion curves of flexural waves. It will be shown that these effects are, in fact, due to scattering from Bloch or Floquet wave packets arising from the frame-induced multiple scattering of the subsonic flexural waves. The measured scattering functions are compared with predictions based on phase matching of the acoustic waves to flexural Bloch waves whose dispersion properties are computed using an approximate model. The simple model predictions agree well with the measured scattering data.
Correlation Between PSMA and VEGF Expression as Markers for LNCaP Tumor Angiogenesis (2005)

Our aim is the identification and correlation of changes in tumor-associated protein expression which results from therapy. LNCaP tumors, excised from nude mice treated either by orchiectomy or with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, were evaluated for the expression of proteins and receptors associated with growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis using immunohistologic procedures. Compared to untreated control tumors, both treatments reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), androgen receptor (AR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The effect of paclitaxel treatment on AR expression was the most significant (P = .005). Of particular interest was identifying a significant correlation (P < .000801) between PSMA and VEGF expression regardless of treatment modality. These altered expressions suggest that PSMA may also be a marker for angiogenesis and could represent a target for deliverable agents recognizing either prostatic tumors or endothelial development. Cell surface PSMA would then present a unique target for treatment of patients early in their development of prostatic metastases.
Microanalysis of organic pigments and glazes in polychrome works of art by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (2009)

Scientific studies of works of art are usually limited by severe sampling restrictions. The identification of organic colorants, a class of compounds relevant for attribution and provenance studies, is further complicated by the low concentrations at which these compounds are used and by the interference of the protein-, gum-, or oil-binding media present in pigment and glaze samples. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) was successfully used to identify natural organic colorants in archaeological objects, polychrome sculptures, and paintings from samples smaller than 25 microm in diameter. The key factors in achieving the necessary sensitivity were a highly active stabilized silver colloid, obtained by the reproducible microwave-supported reduction of silver sulfate with glucose and sodium citrate, and a non-extractive hydrolysis sample treatment procedure that maximizes dye adsorption on the colloid. Among the examples presented are the earliest so far found occurrence of madder lake (in a 4,000 years old Egyptian object dating to the Middle Kingdom period), and the earliest known occurrence in Europe of the South Asian dyestuff lac (in the Morgan Madonna, a 12th century polychrome sculpture from Auvergne, France).
6. Mudrā, Mantra and Mandala (2011)

Buddhist practice involving the use of mudrā, mantra and mandala are often regarded as the primary hallmarks of esoteric Buddhism. These practices originated in different stages and contexts in the history of Buddhism, but are nonetheless central to the formation of esoteric Buddhism as a historical phenomena. This chapter provides a brief overview of the role of mudrā, mantra, and mandala prior to their integration as a keystone of esoteric ritual and then discusses their use in that integrated system. Mantras are ubiquitous in the practice of traditional South Asian religion and they were in use long before the rise of Buddhism. Mudrās, mantras, and mandalas were potent devices, and these “devices” have come to permeate East Asian Buddhism and even East Asian religion more generally. Keywords: esoteric Buddhism; mandala; mantra; mudrā
Intelligent autonomy for unmanned surface and underwater vehicles (2011)

As the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) platforms mature in endurance and reliability, a natural evolution will occur towards longer, more remote autonomous missions. This evolution will require the development of key capabilities that allow these robotic systems to perform a high level of on-board decision-making, which would otherwise be performed by human operators. With more decision making capabilities, less a priori knowledge of the area of operations would be required, as these systems would be able to sense and adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as unknown topography, currents, obstructions, bays, harbors, islands, and river channels. Existing vehicle sensors would be dual-use; that is they would be utilized for the primary mission, which may be mapping or hydrographic reconnaissance; as well as for autonomous hazard avoidance, route planning, and bathymetric-based navigation. This paper describes a tightly integrated instantiation of an autonomous agent called CARACaS (Control Architecture for Robotic Agent Command and Sensing) developed at JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) that was designed to address many of the issues for survivable ASV/AUV control and to provide adaptive mission capabilities. The results of some on-water tests with US Navy technology test platforms are also presented.
Large-scale enrichment of mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors by removal of nylon wool-adherent mature cells. (1994)

With the aim of facilitating the ex vivo manipulation of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors (CPCs = circulating progenitor cells) collected by leukapheresis, we removed polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes that naturally adhere to nylon wool fibers. Leukapheresed cells harvested at the time of hematopoietic recovery after cancer therapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide plus hematopoietic growth factors were incubated with nylon wool fibers for 1 h at 37 degrees C. Evaluation of the cells non-adherent to the nylon wool in all experiments (n = 14) showed that the median recovery of nucleated cells and CPCs detected as CD34+ cells, CFU-GM and BFU-E was 16.4% (range 4.8%-34.0%), 60.0% (range 30.8-80.8%), 60.9% (range 33.4-74.5%) and 65.5% (range 30.8-69.2%), respectively. Therefore exposure to the nylon wool determined a selective removal of mature cells and a complementary enrichment of CPCs. The wide range of results depended on the significantly different cell compositions of the unmanipulated leukaphereses. The latter from patients receiving rhG-CSF (n = 10) comprised a median of 88.5% (range 77.8-93.8%) and 11.5% (range 6.2-22.2%) polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, respectively. In contrast, leukaphereses from patients receiving rhGM-CSF or PIXY321 (n = 4) comprised a median of 71.1% (range 55.4-85.0%) and 28.9% (range 15.0-44.6%) polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
REPEATED LOAD APPLICATIONS ON COMPACTED AND UNSATURATED FINE GRAINED SOILS (1965)

THE BEHAVIOR OF COMPACTED AND UNSATURATED FINE GRAINED SOILS UNDER REPEATED LOAD APPLICATIONS IS DISCUSSED. AFTER A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT USED FOR THIS STUDY, THE EVOLUTION OF THE PERMANENT DEFORMATION AND THE CHANGES OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNDER REPEATED LOAD APPLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED. WITH INCREASING NUMBERS OF LOAD APPLICATIONS, THE PERMANENT DEFORMATION VARIES GENERALLY ACCORDING TO A HYPERLOGARITHMIC LAW, EVEN WHEN THE VALUE OF THE APPLIED LOAD IS ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF THE ULTIMATE LOAD. AN ENDURANCE OR FATIGUE LIMIT OF THE SOIL FOR A GIVEN NUMBER OF LOAD APPLICATIONS CAN BE DEDUCED FROM THE SHAPE OF THE /EP, N/ CURVES. THUS, IF THE EXPECTED NUMBER OF THESE APPLICATIONS IS KNOWN, AND IF THE MAXIMUM ADMISSIBLE DEFORMATION IS GIVEN, IT SUFFICES TO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM ADMISSIBLE VALUE OF THE PRESSURE TRANSMITTED FROM THE VEHICLE WHEELS TO THE LEVEL OF THE SUBGRADE SOIL, AND TO CALCULATE THE DIMENSIONS OF THE CARRIAGEWAY ACCORDINGLY. THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, THOSE OF THE HEAVILY COMPACTED SOILS IN PARTICULAR, INCREASE AS A FUNCTION OF THE NUMBER OF LOAD APPLICATIONS. THE RELATIVE INCREASE OF THE DEFORMATION MODULUS IS ALWAYS HIGHER THAN THE INCREASE OF THE COMPRESSION RESISTANCE, BUT BOTH THESE CHARACTERISTICS VARY SIMULTANEOUSLY. THIS IMPROVEMENT OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE UNSATURATED SOIL IS ACCOMPANIED BY A DECREASE OF ITS RESISTANCE TO IMPACT, WHICH CAN CAUSE A BREAKDOWN OF THE TEST SAMPLE. THIS SEEMS ALSO TO BE APPLICABLE TO THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CEMENT TREATED SOILS SUBMITTED TO REPEATED LOAD APPLICATIONS.
On the stabilization of the inverted pendulum. (1967)

Inverted pendulum stabilization under restricted random parametric excitation, discussing role of equation of motion
Adsorption of Copper, Zinc and Nickel Ions from Single and Binary Metal Ion Mixtures on to Chicken Feathers (2002)

Certain industries often produce mixtures of heavy metal ions in their waste products. Because of the nature of heavy metal ions and the adsorption process, such metal ions can compete with each other for the sorption sites on an adsorbent during adsorption processes. In the present work, binary systems composed of copper, zinc and nickel ions were selected as examples of heavy metal ion mixtures and tested via batch adsorption processes using chicken feathers as an adsorbent. The uptake of individual metal ions was depressed by the presence of another. Thus, the uptake of copper ions from an initial copper ion solution of 20 ppm concentration was reduced from 0.042 mmol/g to ca. 0.019 mmol/g by the presence of a similar concentration of nickel ions. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips multi-component adsorption models were employed to predict the uptake of metal ions from binary metal ion solutions using constants obtained from adsorption isotherm models applied to single-solute systems.
Induction of rat WT1 gene expression correlates with human chromosome 11p11.2-p12-mediated suppression of tumorigenicity in rat liver epithelial tumor cell lines. (1999)

We have previously identified and mapped a locus within human chromosome 11p11.2-p12 that suppresses the tumorigenic potential of some rat liver tumor cell lines. In the present study, possible molecular mechanisms of human 11p11.2-p12-mediated liver tumor suppression were investigated by examining gene expression patterns in suppressed and non-suppressed microcell hybrid (MCH) cell lines. The parental rat liver tumor cell lines (GN6TF and GP7TB) express moderate levels of p53 mRNA and protein, overexpress mRNAs for c-H-ras, c-myc, and TGFá, and do not express detectable levels of WT1 mRNA or protein. Suppression of tumorigenicity by human chromosome 11p11.2-p12 was not accompanied by significant alterations in the levels of expression of p53, c-myc, or TGFá. Expression of c-H-ras was decreased significantly in both suppressed and non-suppressed MCH cell lines, suggesting that down-regulation of c-H-ras is not directly responsible for tumor suppression. In contrast, the level of expression of WT1 correlated precisely with tumor suppression in this model system. All suppressed MCH cell lines expressed WT1 mRNA and protein at levels comparable to that of untransformed rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344), whereas only trace WT1 mRNA and protein were detected in a non-suppressed MCH cell line. PCR analysis demonstrated that two suppressed MCH cell lines do not carry the human WT1 gene, indicating that WT1 expression in these lines originates from the rat locus. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showed that each of the four known splice variants of the WT1 mRNA are expressed in these suppressed MCH cell lines, recapitulating the expression pattern observed in the untransformed rat liver epithelial cells. Re-expression of tumorigenicity by suppressed MCH cell lines was accompanied by the coordinate loss of human chromosome 11p11.2-p12 and of WT1 gene expression, suggesting that one or more human 11p11.2-p12 genes are required for sustained expression of WT1 in these cell lines. Together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism governing human chromosome 11p11.2-p12-mediated liver tumor suppression may involve induction of rat WT1 gene expression under the direct or indirect transcriptional regulation of a genetic locus (or loci) on human 11p11.2-p12.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF ENZYMES OF TRANSMETHYLATION AND TRANSSULPHURATION IN RAT BRAIN<sup>1</sup> (1975)

Abstract —Certain of the sulphur containing amino acids have been associated with synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The enzymes involved in the synthesis of these putative neurotransmitter or modulator compounds have a different subcellular distribution in rat brain from those enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of other compounds in this pathway. Methionine adenosyltransferase and 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase catalyse reactions that maintain the methylation functions of the pathway and are found in soluble fractions. Cystathionine β‐synthase, cystathionase, cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase catalyse the synthesis of those sulphur‐containing amino acids implicated in neurotransmitter functions and these enzymes have both paniculate and soluble components. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which also has a particulate fraction in brain, is responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter glycine, in addition to its role in the methionine‐related metabolism of folate.
Catabolism of aggrecan, decorin and biglycan in tendon (2000)

We have examined the catabolism of the proteoglycans aggrecan, decorin and biglycan in fresh tendon samples and in explant cultures of tissue from the tensional and compressed regions of young and mature bovine tendons. A panel of well-characterized antibodies that recognize glycosaminoglycan or protein (linear or neoepitope) sequences was used to detect proteoglycans and proteoglycan degradation products that were both retained within the tissue and released into the culture medium. In addition, a reverse-transcriptase-mediated PCR analysis was used to examine the mRNA expression patterns of tendon proteoglycans and aggrecanases. The results of this study indicate a major role for aggrecanase(s) in the catabolism of aggrecan in bovine tendon. The study also provides a characterization of glycosaminoglycan epitopes associated with the proteoglycans of tendon, illustrating age-related changes in the isomers of chondroitin sulphate disaccharides that remain attached to the core protein glycosaminoglycan linkage region after digestion with chondroitinase ABC. Evidence for a rapid turnover of the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan was also observed, indicating additional molecular pathways that might compromise the integrity of the collagen matrix and potentially contribute to tendon dysfunction after injury and during disease.
Field of view expansion for 3-D holographic display using a single spatial light modulator with scanning reconstruction light (2009)

Increasing the field of view of a holographic display while maintaining adequate image size is a difficult task. To address this problem, we designed a system that tessellates several sub-holograms into one large hologram at the output. The sub-holograms we generate is similar to a kinoform but without the paraxial approximation during computation. The sub-holograms are loaded onto a single spatial light modulator consecutively and relayed to the appropriate position at the output through a combination of optics and scanning reconstruction light. We will review the method of computer generated hologram and describe the working principles of our system. Results from our proof-of-concept system are shown to have an improved field of view and reconstructed image size.
Isomerism and Isomerization of Organic Compounds. By Ernst David Bergmann (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIsomerism and Isomerization of Organic Compounds. By Ernst David BergmannR. M. DodsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1948, 52, 7, 1276Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/j150463a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (82 KB) Get e-Alerts
Self-Organization of Amphiphilic Polymer in Vesicle Bilayers Composed of Surfactant Mixtures (2002)

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) are used to investigate the association of amphiphilic polymers consisting of a double-chain hydrophobic tail attached onto poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer chains into two different systems of equilibrium vesicles. For cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/sodium perfluorohexanoate (FC(5)) vesicle bilayers, the size distribution of the vesicles slightly becomes narrow in the presence of the polymers, suggesting that the wedge-shaped polymers increase the spontaneous curvature of the vesicles. In contrast, the confinement of polymer molecules inside the CTAB/sodium perfluorooctanoate (FC(7)) vesicles that are stabilized by spontaneous curvature causes an abrupt decrease in the bilayer rigidity. By an analysis of vesicle size distribution, it is found that the membrane elasticity of CTAB/FC(7) vesicles is varied considerably from 6k(B)T to 0.3k(B)T, implying the transition of stabilization mechanism from spontaneous curvature to thermal fluctuation in the presence of polymer. The polymer incorporation mechanism into the bilayers is understood, in the comparison of the vesicle radius and size distribution before and after adding polymer, as that the polymer is anchored into the vesicle bilayer owing to hydrophobic property after the adsorption on the surface of the bilayer.
Kinetic Parameters Measured during Cellulase Processing of Cotton (1996)

Kinetic parameters were measured during cellulase treatment of cotton. A recent approach was used instead of the classical Michaelis–Menten equation to calculate kinetic constants relating the initial reaction rate with the enzyme concentration. The calculated parameters are discussed for two commercial cellulases with both low and high levels of mechanical action. Further comparisons are also made on scoured fibres and mercerized, raised, and original fabrics.
RF System Modeling for the CEBAF Energy Upgrade (2009)

An RF system model, based on MATLAB/SIMULINK, has been developed for analyzing the basic characteristics of the low level RF (LLRF) control system being designed for the CEBAF 12 GeV Energy Upgrade. In our model, a typical passband cavity representation is simplified to in-phase and quadrature (I&Q) components. Lorentz Force and microphonic detuning are incorporated as a new quadrature carrier frequency (frequency modulation). Beam is also represented as in-phase and quadrature components and superpositioned with the cavity field vector. Signals pass through two low pass filters, where the cutoff frequency is equal to half of the cavity bandwidth, then they are demodulated using the same detuning frequency. Because only baseband I&Q signals are calculated, the simulation process is very fast when compared to other controller-cavity models. During the design process we successfully analyzed gain requirements vs. field stability for different superconducting cavity microphonic backgrounds and Lorentz Force coefficients. Moreover, we were able to evaluate different types of a LLRF system’s control algorithm: GDR (Generator Driven Resonator) and SEL (Self Excited Loop) [1] as well as klystron power requirements for different cavities and beam loads.