gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inter- and Intra-Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Cells Exposed in vitro to High and Low LET Radiations (2006)

Energetic heavy ions pose a health risk to astronauts in extended ISS and future Mars missions. High-LET heavy ions are particularly effective in causing various biological effects including cell inactivation, genetic mutations and cancer induction. Most of these biological endpoints are closely related to chromosomal damage, which can be utilized as a biomarker for radiation insults. Previously, we had studied chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes and fibroblasts induced by both low- and high-LET radiation using FISH and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) techniques. In this study, we exposed human epithelial cells in vitro to gamma rays and energetic particles of varying types and energies and dose rates, and analyzed chromosomal damages using the multicolor banding in situ hybridization (mBAND) procedure. Confluent human epithelial cells (CH184B5F5/M10) were exposed to energetic heavy ions at NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, high energy neutron at the Los Alamos Nuclear Science Center (LANSCE) or Cs-137-gamma radiation source at the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center. After colcemid and Calyculin A treatment, cells were fixed and painted with XCyte3 mBAND kit (MetaSystems) and chromosome aberrations were analyzed with mBAND analysis system (MetaSystems). With this technique, individually painted chromosomal bands on one chromosome allowed the identification of interchromosomal aberrations (translocation to unpainted chromosomes) and intrachromosomal aberrations (inversions and deletions within a single painted chromosome). The results of the mBAND study showed a higher ratio of inversion involved with interchromosomal exchange in heavy ions compared to -ray irradiation. Analysis of chromosome aberrations using mBAND has the potential to provide useful information on human cell response to space-like radiation.
A Computer-Controlled Test Vehicle for Robot Vision (1986)

Systems biology uses computational and mathematical modeling to study complex interactions in a biological system. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has served as both an important model organism and cell factory, has pioneered both the early development of such models and modeling concepts, and the more recent integration of multi-omics big data in these models to elucidate fundamental principles of biology. Here, we review the advancement of big data technologies to gain biological insight in three aspects of yeast systems biology: gene expression dynamics, cellular metabolism and the regulation network between gene expression and metabolism. The role of big data and complementary modeling approaches, including the expansion of genome-scale metabolic models and machine learning methodologies, are discussed as key drivers in the rapid advancement of yeast systems biology.
Polyphenols from Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. inhibit in vitro adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and exert anti-inflammatory cytoprotective effects in KB cells (2010)

While being cytoprotective, MF exerts anti-adhesive effects against P. gingivalis. Thus, MF may be useful for the prevention of P. gingivalis-associated periodontal diseases.
Two distinct polypeptides may be translated from a single spliced mRNA of the X genes of human T‐cell leukemia and bovine leukemia viruses (1985)

Human T-cell leukemia and bovine leukemia viruses have a potential transforming gene, termed X. In addition to the major open reading frame known to encode a functional protein, the X gene harbors another short open reading frame which overlaps this major one. Both of these open reading frames are found on a single spliced X mRNA in a potentially functional form. Circumstantial evidence strongly suggests that they are both translated from the single X mRNA molecule, showing striking similarity to the translation mechanism of an adenovirus Elb gene mRNA. We note that the short open reading frame has the capability to encode a putative nuclear protein with structural features similar to those of an AIDS virus trans-acting protein.
2-(Hydroxyphenyl)indoles: a new class of mammary tumor-inhibiting compounds (1983)

1-Alkyl-4-chloro-2-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxyindoles (4, alkyl = CH3, C2H5, C3H7) were synthesized by thermolysis of the corresponding N,N'-dialkyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamines and subsequent ether cleavage. They showed an affinity for the estrogen receptor (1% of 17 beta-estradiol) and inhibited the growth of the 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. The best result was obtained by the ethyl compound (4b), which reduced the original tumor area by 50% after 4 weeks administration of 6 X 18 (mg/kg)/week. Since 4a and 4b show uterotrophic activity and cytostatic effects against hormone-independent cells, a dual mode of action has to be considered for the tumor inhibition.
Performance comparison of bismuth/erbium co-doped optical fibre by 830 nm and 980 nm pumping (2016)

The performance of bismuth/erbium co-doped fibre (BEDF) by 830 nm and 980 nm pumping has been studied in detail, including the small signal absorption, pump absorption, emission, gain and excited state absorption (ESA). Based on the study, energy transition diagrams of BEDF under 830 nm or 980 nm pumping are proposed to clarify the spectroscopic properties. The results demonstrate the advantages of 830 nm pumping for BEDF over 980 nm pumping when considering the absorption, pumping efficiency, excited state absorption and optical amplification.
Vitamin B1 is not a systemic mosquito repellent in man (1969)

Published in the journal "Transactions of the St. John's Hospital Dermatological Society" volume 55, pages 99-102. Currently unavailable online. The journal no longer exists.
Optoacoustic detection of low concentrations of hydrogen fluoride, nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide in gases using radiation of pulsed hydrogen fluoride laser (1975)

Microscopic amounts of HF, NO, and CO2 molecules were detected in air and in nitrogen by the optoacoustic method using radiation of a pulsed HF laser. The minimum detectable concentration was one part impurity in 106 parts of air. The absolute calibration of the recording system was performed using the absorption of pulsed CO2 radiation in a standard mixture of CO2 and N2.
Similarities in Function and Gene Structure of Cytohesin-4 and Cytohesin-1, Guanine Nucleotide-exchange Proteins for ADP-ribosylation Factors (2000)

Activation of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), approximately 20-kDa GTPases that are inactive in the GDP-bound form, depends on guanine nucleotide-exchange proteins (GEPs) to accelerate GTP binding. A novel ARF GEP, designated cytohesin-4, was cloned from a human brain cDNA library. Deduced amino acid sequence of the 47-kDa protein contains the same structural components present in cytohesin -1, -2, and -3, including an approximately 200-amino acid Sec7 domain with an approximately 100-residue pleckstrin homology domain near the C terminus. The Sec7 domain sequence is 77% identical to those of other cytohesins. Structures of the cytohesin-4 and cytohesin-1 genes were remarkably similar, except for an extra 3-base pair (GAG) exon present in cytohesin-1. Two mRNAs with and without the 3-base pair sequence were found in brain in different ratios for cytohesin-1, -2, and -3 but not cytohesin-4. Recombinant cytohesin-4 stimulated guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding by human ARF1 and ARF5 but not ARF6. Like other cytohesins and unlike the approximately 200-kDa ARF GEPs, it was not inhibited by brefeldin A. A cytohesin-4 mRNA of approximately 3.7 kilobases, abundant in leukocytes, was not detected in most tissues. Among separated populations of blood cells, approximately 90% of CD33(+) (monocytes), 80% of CD2(+) (NK/T), and 10-20% of CD19(+) (B) cells contained cytohesin-4 mRNA by in situ hybridization. Thus, in gene structure and brefeldin A-insensitive GEP activity, cytohesin-4 resembles other cytohesins, but its tissue distribution differs considerably, consistent with a different specific function.
Effect of Phospholipases and Lipase on Submitochondrial Particles (1971)

Abstract 1. Exposure of submitochondrial particles to phospholipases impaired the rate of oxidation as well as phosphorylation. Phospholipase A and phospholipase C were more inhibitory to phosphorylation and to NADH oxidation than to succinate oxidation. 2. At low concentrations of phospholipase A the inhibition of phosphorylation was prevented to a considerable extent by the presence of large amounts of bovine serum albumin preferably during both digestion and assay. At larger concentrations of phospholipase A only slight protection was observed by addition of serum albumin. 3. Exposure of submitochondrial particles to phospholipase C from Clostridium welchii in the presence of Mg++ or Mn++ inhibited the 32Pi-ATP exchange and the P:O ratio by about 30 to 60%. Addition of coupling factors restored phosphorylation associated with oxidation in these particles. Additional exposure of the digested particles to phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus in the presence of Zn++ further depressed the 32Pi-ATP exchange which was no longer restored by coupling factors. Addition of phospholipids partially restored the 32Pi-ATP exchange in these extensively digested particles. Similar effects were noted after prolonged exposure to phospholipase C from B. cereus alone, provided both Mn++ and Zn++ were present. 4. Oxidative phosphorylation was also severely impaired after exposure of submitochondrial particles to phospholipase C from B. cereus in the presence of Mn++ and Zn++. A partial restoration of the P:O ratio was achieved by reconstitution with phospholipids.
Isolation and Characterization of an Adipokinetic Hormone Release-Inducing Factor in Locusts: The Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide (1997)

A methanolic extract of 7000 desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) brains contains several factors that stimulate the in vitro release of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) by glandular cells of locust (Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria) corpora cardiaca. The most potent one has now been fully identified. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight analysis revealed a mass of 954.6 Da. The primary structure of the peptide, Pro-Phe-Cys-Asn-Ala-Phe-Thr-Gly-Cys-NH2, appeared identical to that of a previously identified crustacean cardioactive peptide. This myotropin was first isolated from the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, and later from several insect species, but was never reported in the context of AKH release. The present study shows that synthetic crustacean cardioactive peptide induces the release of AKH from corpora cardiaca in a dose-dependent manner when tested in concentrations ranging from 10(-5)-10(-9) M. This is the first demonstration in invertebrates of a peptide neurohormone controlling the release of a second peptide hormone.
Vertical Profiles of Aerosol and Radiation and the Influence of a Temperature Inversion: Measurements and Radiative Transfer Calculations (1996)

The results of an airborne experiment performed near Mönchengladbach (Germany) in November 1993 are reported. Besides meteorological data, vertical profiles of aerosol properties (number concentration, size distribution) and radiation (downwelling solar and UV irradiance, JNO2 photolysis frequency) under cloudless conditions are presented, and the influence of a strong temperature inversion is studied. From the measured vertical profiles of the aerosol size distribution, single-scattering properties of the particles (volume scattering coefficient, asymmetry parameter, backscattering ratio) are calculated. On the basis of the aerosol and meteorological measurements, detailed radiative transfer calculations are performed in order to model vertical profiles of the downwelling UV irradiance and JNO2 photolysis frequency. The data of the calculated UV irradiance mostly agree with the measured values within the range given by the measurement errors. Introducing moderate absorption into the model improves the agreement. For the JNO2 photolysis frequency there are some differences. However, the strong influence of an enhanced number of optically efficient aerosol particles below a temperature inversion on downwelling radiation could be shown for the UV irradiance as well as for the JNO2 photolysis frequency by the measurements and the calculations.
Post‐traumatic high flow priapism: Demonstrable findings of penile enhanced computed tomography (2001)

Post-traumatic high flow priapism is a rare disease. A review of English published reports revealed 63 cases. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the penis has not previously been used as a diagnostic method for post-traumatic high flow priapism. We present a case of post-traumatic high flow priapism diagnosed with enhanced CT of the penis. Additionally, diagnostic modalities for post-traumatic high flow priapism are discussed with review of published work.
EMBANKMENT WIDENING AND SLOPES FOR ENERGY ABSORBING END TERMINALS (2003)

Full-scale crash testing has shown that W-beam guardrails do not perform well when installed on even modest roadside slopes. In order to provide the maximum clear recovery area, guardrails are installed as far as possible from the traveled way. This practice causes guardrail terminals to be placed adjacent to roadside slopes and embankments. Vehicles that strike guardrail terminals are often allowed to pass through the systems at a relatively high speed. There is a concern that even moderate embankments placed near the end of a guardrail could cause these vehicles to rollover. Safety performance evaluation criteria contained in NCHRP Report 350 recommend that guardrail terminals be tested on flat ground. Hence, there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding acceptable terrain configurations near a guardrail terminal. One important finding from this study is that energy-absorbing terminals greatly reduce the velocity of small vehicles. Energy-absorbing terminals were found to reduce speeds by 75% during head-on impacts and approximately 50% when the terminal is struck at an angle of 15 degrees. These large reductions in vehicle velocity greatly reduce the risk of vehicle rollover as it moves onto roadside slopes and ditches. The HVOSM modeling effort predicted that energy absorbing terminals, when installed adjacent to roadside slopes of 4:1, would not be likely to cause rollovers. Further, the simulation efforts did not predict rollover for nominal levels of friction, even when 3:1 slopes were placed behind the guardrail. The simulation study only predicted rollover when the tire ground friction was increased to artificially high levels to model wheel rutting in soft soil. Even under that circumstance, rollover was predicted for only one of the four crash tests included in the study.
Meniscus Pinned Variable-focus Liquid Lens Based on Electrowetting-on-dielectric (2007)

A novel configuration of variable-focus liquid lens based on electrowetting-on-dielectric technique is presented, which consists of a glass slide growing a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) film and a hydrophobic dielectric film, a hollow conical metal ring suspended right above, a gap between the slide and the ring, and the lens liquid (water). By changing the voltage applied to grounded metal ring and the ITO control electrode, both the position and curvature of the liquid meniscus can be reversibly adjusted, thus tuning the focal length of the lens. The experimental results show that at a 40 V power supply, the liquid lens is able to focus on objects from 2.5 centimeters up to infinity away with a good imaging quality.
Guillain-Barré syndrome after exogenous gangliosides in Italy. (1993)

Exogenous gangliosides are marketed in several countries and used to treat many neurological diseases. Although no well designed clinical trial has con- vincingly shown their efficacy in diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system, they are widely prescribed, at least in Italy. An estimated 4-1% of the population in Rome were prescribed gangliosides in 1989,1 and in 1991 around 4-2% of the 687 401 people from five local health districts in the Emilia Romagna region received the drugs (N Montanaro, et al, personal communication).
Exploring the potential of gold(<scp>iii</scp>) cyclometallated compounds as cytotoxic agents: variations on the C^N theme (2015)

A series of novel (C^N) cyclometallated Au(III) complexes of general formula [Au(py(b)-H)L(1)L(2)](n+) (py(b)-H = C^N cyclometallated 2-benzylpyridine, L(1) and L(2) being chlorido, phosphane or glucosethiolato ligands, n = 0 or 1) have been synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques, including NMR, IR and far-IR, mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analysis. The crystal structure of one compound has been solved using X-ray diffraction methods. All compounds were tested in vitro in five human cancer cell lines including the lung, breast, colon and ovarian cancer cells. For comparison purposes, all compounds were also tested in a model of healthy human cells from the embryonic kidney. Notably, all new compounds were more toxic than their cyclometallated precursor bearing two chlorido ligands, and the derivative bearing one phosphane ligand presented the most promising toxicity profile in our in vitro screening, displaying a p53 dependent activity in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Finally, for the first time C^N cyclometallated gold(III) complexes were shown to be potent inhibitors of the zinc finger protein PARP-1, involved in the mechanism of cisplatin resistance.
Development of an automatic birefringence measuring device of mirror substrates for gravitational wave detectors (2006)

We developed an automatic measuring device of birefringence inhomogeneity in synthetic sapphire substrates to evaluate their crystal quality suitable for laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors. The orientation of the projection of the c-axis on a plane orthogonal to the beam was measured with an accuracy of 2 × 10−2 rad. The phase retardation was measured with an accuracy of 7 × 10−4 rad, which was equivalent to 4 × 10−10 in terms of the fluctuation of the refractive index for samples of 150mm thickness. The reproducibility was 1% for both the orientation and phase retardation. The automatic measuring device meets the requirements of the LCGT project, which is a next-generation laser interferometer project for GW detection.
Impact of cascading on the efficiency of external cavity cw Raman laser (2015)

Factors affecting the output efficiency of an external cavity quasi-cw KYW Raman laser were investigated. We show that a major limit to efficiency, in addition to thermal effects, results from a cascading effect involving a secondary Raman mode of KYW at 87 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .
Trap States in TiO<sub>2</sub> Films Made of Nanowires, Nanotubes or Nanoparticles: An Electrochemical Study (2012)

The presence of electronic traps in nanoporous TiO(2) electrodes has been studied by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous media. These simple measurements allow us to map the density of states, providing evidence for the presence of a relatively small number of discrete electron traps at the band gap. We have taken advantage of the variety of TiO(2) synthetic procedures that lead to well-defined morphologies (such as nanowires, nanocolumns, nanotubes, and nanoparticles) of anatase and rutile to investigate the nature of these electron traps. They derive from the structural disorder at the contact between neighboring crystalline nanoparticles. As expected, both their density and energetic location are highly dependent, not only on the crystalline structure (whether it is anatase or rutile), but also on the electrode morphology (i.e. the facets that meet at the grain boundaries). The trap density is also sensitive to pH changes and to the presence of some adsorbates. This variation of the number of traps with the electrolyte indicates that on one hand, an apparent electronic density of states is actually measured. On the other, it indicates that the traps are surface-related in agreement with their particular location at the perimeter of the grain boundaries. The effect of these traps on the observed electrode catalytic reactivity has also been studied. In the dark, it is found that they are directly involved in the electron transfer toward oxygen. In addition, under illumination, the trap states show a deleterious effect, favoring electron recombination.
Erratum: Low Surface Recombination Velocity on Silicon Wafer Surfaces due to Iodine-Ethanol Treatment (2001)

The above regular paper published in the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (JJAP) in 1999 should hereafter be regarded as having been negated and nonexistent due to its violation of copyright of a paper published in the Journal of Applied Physics in 1997:
Ecohydrological consequences of drought‐ and infestation‐ triggered tree die‐off: insights and hypotheses (2011)

ABSTRACT Widespread, rapid, drought‐, and infestation‐triggered tree mortality is emerging as a phenomenon affecting forests globally and may be linked to increasing temperatures and drought frequency and severity. The ecohydrological consequences of forest die‐off have been little studied and remain highly uncertain. To explore this knowledge gap, we apply the extensive literature on the ecohydrological effects of tree harvest in combination with the limited existing die‐off ecohydrology research to develop new, relevant hypotheses. Tree mortality results in loss of canopy cover, which directly alters evaporation, transpiration, and canopy interception and indirectly alters other watershed hydrologic processes, including infiltration, runoff, groundwater recharge, and streamflow. Both die‐off and harvest research suggest that for most forests, water yield can be expected to increase following substantial loss of tree cover by die‐off. We hypothesize that where annual precipitation exceeds ∼500 mm or water yield is dominated by snowmelt, watersheds will experience significantly decreased evapotranspiration and increased flows if absolute canopy cover loss from die‐off exceeds 20%. However, recent observations suggest that water yield following die‐off can potentially decrease rather than increase in drier forests. To reliably predict die‐off responses, more research is needed to test these hypotheses, including observations of multiple water budget components and the persistence of ecohydrological effects with the post‐die‐off successional dynamics of tree recruitment, understorey growth, and interactions with additional disturbances. With die‐off, mitigation and restoration options are limited and costly, necessitating societal adaptation; therefore, die‐off ecohydrology should be a high priority for future research. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.