gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personal informatics and context: using context to reveal factors that affect behavior (2011)

Personal informatics systems help people collect and reflect on behavioral information to better understand their own behavior. Because most systems only show one type of behavioral information, finding factors that affect one's behavior is difficult. Supporting exploration of multiple types of contextual and behavioral information in a single interface may help. 
To explore this, I developed prototypes of IMPACT, which supports reflection on physical activity and multiple types of contextual information. I conducted field studies of the prototypes, which showed that such a system could increase people's awareness of opportunities for physical activity. However, several limitations affected the usage and value of these prototypes. To improve support for such systems, I conducted a series of interviews and field studies. First, I interviewed people about their experiences using personal informatics systems resulting in the Stage-Based Model of Personal Informatics Systems, which describes the different stages that systems need to support, and a list of problems that people experience in each of the stages. Second, I identified the kinds of questions people ask about their personal data and found that the importance of these questions differed between two phases: Discovery and Maintenance. Third, I evaluated different visualization features to improve support for reflection on multiple kinds of data. Finally, based on this evaluation, I developed a system called Innertube to help people reflect on multiple kinds of data in a single interface using a visualization integration approach that makes it easier to build such tools compared to the more common data integration approach.
Bis-Rhodamines Bridged with a Diazoketone Linker: Synthesis, Structure, and Photolysis (2021)

Two fluorophores bound with a short photoreactive bridge are fascinating structures and remained unexplored. To investigate the synthesis and photolysis of such dyes, we linked two rhodamine dyes via a diazoketone bridge (-COCN<sub>2</sub>-) attached to position 5' or 6' of the pendant phenyl rings. For that, the mixture of 5'- or 6'-bromo derivatives of the parent dye was prepared, transformed into 1,2-diarylacetylenes, hydrated to 1,2-diarylethanones, and converted to diazoketones Ar<sup>1</sup>COCN<sub>2</sub>Ar<sup>2</sup>. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation gave four individual regioisomers of Ar<sup>1</sup>COCN<sub>2</sub>Ar<sup>2</sup>. Photolysis of the model compound─C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COCN<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>─in aqueous acetonitrile at pH 7.3 and under irradiation with 365 nm light provided diphenylacetic acid amide (Wolff rearrangement). However, under the same conditions, Ar<sup>1</sup>COCN<sub>2</sub>Ar<sup>2</sup> gave mainly α-diketones Ar<sup>1</sup>COCOAr<sup>2</sup>. The migration ability of the very bulky dye residues was low, and the Wolff rearrangement did not occur. We observed only moderate fluorescence increase, which may be explained by the insufficient quenching ability of diazoketone bridge (-COCN<sub>2</sub>-) and its transformation into another (weaker) quencher, 1,2-diarylethane-1,2-dione.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereodifferentiation in SN2′ Additions of Methylcuprates to Nonracemic Acyclic Vinyloxiranes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overexpression of the Na <sup>+</sup> /K <sup>+</sup> ATPase α2 But Not α1 Isoform Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling (2013)

Our results suggest that the protective effect produced by increased expression of NKA-α2 on the heart after pressure overload is due to more efficient Ca2+ clearance because this isoform of NKA preferentially enhances NCX1 activity compared with NKA-α1.
A total synthesis of dl-pentalenolactone (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA total synthesis of dl-pentalenolactoneW. H. Parsons, R. H. Schlessinger, and Martha L. QuesadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2, 889–890Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00522a096https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00522a096research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reflections inside an elliptical dielectric lens antenna (1998)

The reflections inside the elliptical lens of a typical millimetre wave antenna are investigated. In particular, it is seen that these reflections may significantly affect the input impedance of a radiating element which is located at the lens focus, owing to the presence there of a point caustic of doubly reflected rays. The presence of a caustic prevents the field prediction inside the lens by a direct application of geometrical optics. Consequently, the field inside the lens is calculated by means of the physical optics currents associated with singly and doubly reflected rays.
Planck-scale physics of vacuum in a strong magnetic field (2012)

It is widely believed that Lorentz symmetry of physical vacuum is broken near the Planck scale. Here we show that recently demonstrated ``hyperbolic metamaterial'' behavior of vacuum in a strong magnetic field provides us with an interesting analogy of the Planck-scale physics. As demonstrated by Chernodub, strong magnetic field forces vacuum to develop real condensates of electrically charged $\ensuremath{\rho}$ mesons, which form an anisotropic inhomogeneous superconducting state similar to Abrikosov vortex lattice. As far as electromagnetic field behavior is concerned, this hyperbolic metamaterial state of vacuum exhibits effective 3D Lorentz symmetry, which is broken at small scale (large momenta) due to spatial dispersion. Thus, an effective Lorentz symmetry-violating ``Planck scale'' may be introduced. Near the critical magnetic field this effective Planck scale is much larger than the metamaterial periodicity defined by the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson lattice. Similar to regular hyperbolic metamaterials, spatial dispersion of vacuum in a strong magnetic field leads to appearance of the ``additional wave,'' which manifests itself as a ``heavy'' extraordinary photon with an effective mass $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$.
Polyacrylates for Personal Care (2016)

Polymers have been used extensively in personal care products. The polymers used in personal care products range from both synthetic and natural polymers. The high demand for using polymers in personal care products is mainly because it is easy to obtain various final performance product attributes just by altering the structures and properties of the polymers. One of the polymers used in personal care products is polyacrylates. The term “acrylates” is defined as non-cross-linked copolymers containing a combination of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple esters. Polyacrylates in personal care products play important roles as thickeners, rheological modifiers, media for delivery of active ingredients, film formers, emulsifiers, moisturisers, dispersants, waterproofers and conditioners. Their key functionalities include the ability to increase the viscosity of solutions, form physical gels, stabilise dispersions and emulsions, induce particle aggregation, solubilise hydrophobic compounds, modify surface properties and facilitate the controlled release of active compounds.
Rational design of layered oxide materials for sodium-ion batteries (2020)

Sodium-ion batteries have captured widespread attention for grid-scale energy storage owing to the natural abundance of sodium. The performance of such batteries is limited by available electrode materials, especially for sodium-ion layered oxides, motivating the exploration of high compositional diversity. How the composition determines the structural chemistry is decisive for the electrochemical performance but very challenging to predict, especially for complex compositions. We introduce the "cationic potential" that captures the key interactions of layered materials and makes it possible to predict the stacking structures. This is demonstrated through the rational design and preparation of layered electrode materials with improved performance. As the stacking structure determines the functional properties, this methodology offers a solution toward the design of alkali metal layered oxides.
Low-loss waveguides of benzylidene-aniline derivatives by organic molecular beam heteroepitaxy (2003)

An organic nonlinear optical crystal waveguide consisting of 4'-nitrobenzylidene-3-acetamino-4-methoxyaniline (MNBA) and 4'-nitrobenzylidene-3-ethylcarbonylamino-4-methoxyaniline (MNBA-Et) has been fabricated by a two-step heteroepitaxial growth technique. An MNBA-Et homoepitaxial layer used as a buffer layer prevents the formation of a MNBA polycrystalline domain at the heteroepitaxial interface. The MNBA-Et homoepitaxial layer also improves the crystallinity of a single-domain MNBA heteroepitaxial layer. The transmission loss of the MNBA-MNBA-Et slab waveguide is reduced to less than 3 dB/cm by the insertion of the MNBA-Et homoepitaxial layer.
Detection of Aggregated Leukocytes in the Circulating Pool during Stress – Demargination Is Not Necessarily a Result of Decreased Leukocyte Adhesiveness (1991)

Leukocyte endothelial interactions are essential for a normal immune response. It is known that this response is influenced by stress and that the latter induces demargination. We examined the question of whether stress demargination results from a decreased state of leukocyte adhesiveness. Included were various volunteers and patients under different degrees of stress. 66 young athletes before beginning their daily exercises, 67 middle-aged healthy volunteers, 25 patients before ergometry for evaluation of chest pain, 75 patients who were referred to the emergency room with chest pain without ischemia/infarction, 78 patients with ischemia/infarction, 65 patients with minor trauma, 25 with a fracture and 12 with polytrauma. The leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) values were measured with a direct slide test. The respective LAA values were 7.4 +/- 4.7, 6.3 +/- 4.4, 5.8 +/- 3.6, 5.2 +/- 3.5, 10.8 +/- 8.5, 9.1 +/- 5.8, 12.2 +/- 6.6 and 19 +/- 12.6% of aggregated leukocytes. We conclude that an increase in aggregated white blood cells can be detected in the circulating pool during major stress. It is therefore suggested that stress demargination is not necessarily a result of diminished leukocyte adhesiveness.
Positron-emission Tomography Imaging in Breast Cancer (2011)

There are four major diagnostic tasks in breast cancer: detection and diagnosis; staging (locoregional and distant metastases); response to treatment (neoadjuvant and metastatic therapy); and characterization of the individual tumor for selection of the most appropriate therapy. The use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) and PET–computed tomography (PET-CT) in all four of these tasks has been investigated. The aim of this article is to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of FDG PET with regard to each of these tasks. The diagnostic areas for which FDG PET appears most suited for clinical decision-making will be highlighted.
MPEG video modelling based on scene description (2002)

We propose a video model to generate a VBR MPEG video traffic based on the scene description. Long sessions of non-homogeneous video clips are decomposed into homogeneous video shots. The shots are then classified into different classes in terms of their texture and motion complexity. Each shot class can be uniquely described and modelled as a homogeneous video. The model may be used to generate traffic of any type of video scenes ranging from a low complexity video conferencing to a highly active sport program.
Shot noise models for sequential processes and the role of lateral mixing (2006)

Shot noise in electron-beam and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure fundamentally limits the useful sensitivity of resists. Here the exposure, amplification, and deprotection of chemically amplified resists are treated as a sequence of statistical events to determine the effect of shot noise. Noise among processes is additive, and a sequential Poisson process is used to illustrate the “acid bottleneck” that occurs when less than one acid electron is generated per input electron. Lateral mixing, due to effects such as electron scattering and acid diffusion, is accounted for in a binomial sorting model that shows that the effect is simply a function of the total number of quanta reaching the voxel irrespective of their path. Electron exposure is estimated to generate on average one acid every 3.8, 21, and 36nm along the trajectories of 5, 50, and 100keV electrons respectively. Acid generation appears well correlated with energy deposition, at about 22eV/acid required for EUV and electron exposure or three times the deep ultraviolet level. The model was validated by observing the fraction of small (24 and 32nm across) contacts that cleared as a function of exposure dose at 100keV. Approximately 4500 electrons were required to clear, independent of contact size. However, the slope was indicative of a process with only 50 effective events possibly owing to resist surface effects. Circular dissolution smoothing and mechanical fracture are suggested as speculative sources for the near feature size correlation length of the line-edge roughness.
Maternal age effect on early human embryonic development and blastocyst formation (1996)

In humans, age-related decline in female fertility can be explained by a reduction in quality either of the older uterus or of the embryos arising from aging oocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the latter hypothesis, using in vitro fertilization (I.V.F.) and coculture of embryos until the blastocyst stage. We determined the blastocyst formation rate ([blastocysts/embryos on day 2]* 100) and the blastocyst expansion rate ([expanded blastocysts/blastocysts]* 100) according to the patient's age the day of I.V.F. With increase in age, the number of retrieved oocytes decreased, without alteration of the cleavage rate. In patients above age 30 years, preimplantation development to blastocysts declined due to an increase in embryo arrest at the morula stage. If blastocyst stage was reached, a negative linear relationship between blastocyst expansion rate and patient age was observed. Drops in gamete production and embryo development with increasing age led to a drastic decrease in patients having at least one expanded blastocyst (< 30 years, 82%; > or = 40 years, 36%). A high delivery rate per oocyte retrieval (25.8%) was observed in patients above age 40 years after embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage. These results give a clear indication of decline in the quality of human embryos arising from aging oocytes. The origin of this alteration is discussed in terms of chromosome abnormalities, role of maternally-inherited products from the oocyte, timing of genomic activation, and temporal pattern of gene expression during initial development of the human embryo.
Experimental and theoretical studies of tetramethoxy-p-benzoquinone: infrared spectra, structural and lithium insertion properties (2013)

In the search for low-polluting electrode materials for batteries, the use of redox-active organic compounds represents a promising alternative to conventional metal-based systems. In this article we report a combined experimental and theoretical study of tetramethoxy-p-benzoquinone (TMQ). In carbonate-based electrolytes, electrochemical behaviour of this compound is characterized by a reversible insertion process located at approximately 2.85 V vs. Li+/Li0. This relatively high potential reactivity, coupled with our effort to develop computational methodologies in the field of organic electrode materials, prompted us to complement these experimental data with theoretical studies performed using density functional theory (DFT). Single crystals of TMQ were synthesized and thoroughly characterized showing that this quinonic species crystallised in the P21/n space group. The experimental crystal structure of TMQ was then used to assess various DFT methods. The structural features and vibrational spectra were thus predicted by using as a whole five common density functionals (PBE, LDA, revPBE, PBEsol, B3PW91) with and without a semi-empirical correction to account for the van der Waals interactions using either Grimme's (DFT-D2) or Tkatchenko–Scheffler (TS) scheme. The most reliable combination of the DFT functional and the explicit dispersion correction was chosen to study the Li-intercalated molecular crystal (LiTMQ) with the view of indentifying Li insertion sites. A very close agreement with the experiment was found for the average voltage by using the most stable relaxed hypothetical LiTMQ structure. Additionally, a comparison of vibrational spectra gained either for TMQ molecule and its dimer in gas phase or through periodic calculation was undertaken with respect to the experimentally measured infrared spectra. The topological features of the bonds were also investigated in conjunction with estimates of net atomic charges to gain insight into the effect of chemical bonding and intermolecular interaction on Li intercalation. Finally, π-electron delocalization of both quinone and alkali salts of p-semiquinone were determined using the Harmonic Oscillator model of Aromaticity (HOMA) or aromatic fluctuation index (FLU) calculations.
A revision of the genus Bryolymnia Hampson in North America with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Elaphriini) (2010)

The three known North American species of Bryolymnia Hampson, 1908 are reviewed and three additional species are described as new. Two additional species, Elaphria ensina (Barnes, 1907) and Cryphia viridata (Harvey, 1876) are transferred to Bryolymnia as new combinations. The North American species are compared with related species in Central America. Adults of 11 species and male and female genitalia, where available, are illustrated.
Fabrication of a self-sensing electroactive polymer bimorph actuator based on polyvinylidene fluoride and its electrostrictive terpolymer (2016)

In this paper, we report on the fabrication of a self-sensing electroactive polymer cantilevered bimorph beam actuator and its frequency response. Tip deflections of the beam, induced by applying an AC signal across ferroelectric relaxor polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)), reached a magnitude of 350μm under a field of ~55MV/m and were recorded externally using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Deflections were determined simultaneously by applying a sensing model to the voltage measured across the bimorph’s integrated layer of piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The sensing model treats the structure as a simple Euler- Bernoulli cantilevered beam with two distributed active elements represented through the use of generalized functions and offers a method through which real time tip deflection can be measured without the need for external visualization. When not being used as a sensing element, the PVDF layer can provide an additional means for actuation of the beam via the converse piezoelectric effect, resulting in bidirectional control of the beam's deflections. Integration of flexible sensing elements together with modeling of the electroactive polymer beam can benefit the developing field of polymer microactuators which have applications in soft robotics as "smart" prosthetics/implants, haptic displays, tools for less invasive surgery, and sensing.
Mixed-valence States of 57Fe Atoms Produced in 57Co-labelled [CoFe2O(CH2ICO2)6(H2O)3] and [CoFe2O(CH2BrCO2)6(H2O)3] (1991)

Abstract Mixed-valence states of 57Fe atoms produced by EC-decay in 57Co-labelled [CoFe2O(CH2ICO2)6(H2O)3] and [CoFe2O(CH2BrCO2)6(H2O)3] were studied by means of emission Mössbauer spectroscopy. It was found that [CoFe2O(CH2ICO2)6(H2O)3] and [CoFe2O(CH2BrCO2)6(H2O)3] show a temperature-dependent trapped-to-averaged valence state and a temperature-independent trapped-valence state, respectively.
Application of the Steady-state Variable Nutation Angle Method for Faster Determinations of Long <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>S–-an Approach Useful for the Design of Hyperpolarized Mr Molecular Probes (2015)

In the dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technique, molecular probes with long T 1s are preferred. 13C nuclei of small molecules with no directly bonded protons or sp(3 13)C nuclei with proton positions substituted by deuterons may fulfill this requirement. The T 1 determination of such new molecular probes is crucial for the success of the hyperpolarized observation. Although the inversion-recovery approach remained by and large the standard for T 1 measurements, we show here that the steady-state variable nutation angle approach is faster and may be better suited for the determination of relatively long T 1s in thermal equilibrium. Specifically, the T 1 of a new molecular probe, [uniformly labeled (UL)-13C6, UL-2H8]2-deoxy-d-glucose, is determined here and compared to that of [UL-13C6, UL-2H7]d-glucose.
[Transthoracic approach for removing adrenal masses]. (1996)

Early results with the transthoracic approach for removing adrenal tumors were evaluated. Between May 1994 and December 1995, 8 women and 5 men (aged 18-74) with adrenal masses underwent transthoracic adrenalectomy. All were excised successfully with short operation times (mean: 86 min), minimal blood loss (151 ml), limited use of parenteral analgesics (1.3 days), early ambulation (1.7 days post operation) and a short period of parenteral nutrition (1.7 days), resulting in reduced hospital stay (mean 6.7 days). With the transthoracic approach procedures are quick and safe even for large, malignant, and hormone-producing tumors. Recovery is easy with brief hospitalization. It provides excellent exposure of the adrenals, enables good control of bleeding vessels and is therefore our preferred method for removing adrenal masses.
Denying Death its Dominion: Thoughts on the Dianne Pretty Case (2002)

Journal Article Denying Death its Dominion: Thoughts on the Dianne Pretty Case Get access Michael Freeman Michael Freeman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Medical Law Review, Volume 10, Issue 3, AUTUMN , Pages 245–270, https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/10.3.245 Published: 01 January 2002