gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal cycling reliability assessment and enhancement of embedded wafer level LGA packages for power applications (2013)

With great feasibility and flexibility for growing I/Os, multi-chips and system integration, the emerging fan-out embedded Wafer Level BGA (eWLB) technology is regarded as a much more favorable packaging solution compared with its traditional counterparts, i.e. fan-in WLP or BGA technology. The relentless trend of ever increasing integrated circuit chip functionality and decreasing chip dimensions for miniaturization of products have led to less chip real estate and intense heat dissipation. While eWLB technology has well addressed the routing problems associated with the former, its intrinsic ineffectiveness of reducing the spreading thermal resistance of the shrunk die has limited its application to low power devices. As a result, Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) is often a packaging technology of choice for those applications as QFN is a lead frame based package which offers thermal and electrical enhancement with its exposed die pad on the bottom of the package surface. The exposed die pad not only provides an efficient heat path to the PCB, but also enables stable grounding with electrical connection through a conductive die attach material. To bridge the gap between the eWLB and QFN concept so that both of their advantages can be retained, STMicroelectronics has recently come up with a QFN-like eWLB package known as embedded wafer level LGA (eWLL) with low profile, high pin count and excellent thermal and electrical performance. This paper initially investigated the solder joint reliability of the eWLL packages under board level Accelerated Thermal Cycling (ATC) test through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Experiments were then carried out to assess the accuracy of the FEA model. It was found that the predictions made by the FEA simulation correlated very well with the actual test results. The validated FEA model was then extended to study the effect of a wide range of design variables on the board level reliability of the eWLL packages. The results of the numerical analysis are compared and discussed in details.
Xylem ingestion by aphids – a strategy for maintaining water balance (1990)

Abstract A new waveform, pattern G, detected during recording of electrical penetration graphs (EPG's) from aphids was strongly correlated with uptake from radioactively labelled artificial diets. During pattern G, maxillary stylet tips were located within xylem conductive elements and it was concluded that pattern G is representative of ingestion of xylem sap. Dehydrated aphids showed a higher incidence and greater duration of xylem uptake, suggesting that its occurrence is related to the water balance of the insect. Résumé Ingestion du xylème par les pucerons, – un moyen de maintenir l'équilibre hydrique Une nouvelle onde, de type G, décelée pendant l'enregistrement des électropénétrogrammes (EPG's) des pucerons est nettement associée à la prise d'aliments marqués radioactivement. Pendant l'onde G, les extrémités des stylets maxillaires sont situées dans les éléments conducteurs du xylème et l'on en conclu que l'onde G représente l'ingestion du contenu du xylème. Les pucerons déshydratés présentent une plus grande fréquence et une durée plus longue d'absorption de xylème, ce qui suggère qu'elle est liée à l'équilibre hydrique de l'insecte.
Spin Temperature in Nuclear Double Resonance (1963)

Received 11 February 1963DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.403©1963 American Physical Society
Making sense of economic indicators: a consumer's guide to indicators of real economic activity (1992)

Economic indicators; Interest rates
The genetics of lupus (1998)

Genetic factors strongly influence the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Studies in both animal models and humans suggest that SLE is a complex trait with contributions from multiple genes. Recent genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms at several loci, including the major histocompatibility complex, complement proteins, immunoglobulin receptors, cytokines, and other as yet unmapped genes, are associated with SLE. Ethnic factors are also important because some of these genetic associations are only found in certain populations. Murine models of SLE have provided rational candidate loci to begin genome-wide studies in humans. Promising results are now emerging from such studies.
Fibre Optic Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Aircraft Composite Structures: Recent Advances and Applications (2015)

In-service structural health monitoring of composite aircraft structures plays a key role in the assessment of their performance and integrity. In recent years, Fibre Optic Sensors (FOS) have proved to be a potentially excellent technique for real-time in-situ monitoring of these structures due to their numerous advantages, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, small size, light weight, durability, and high bandwidth, which allows a great number of sensors to operate in the same system, and the possibility to be integrated within the material. However, more effort is still needed to bring the technology to a fully mature readiness level. In this paper, recent research and applications in structural health monitoring of composite aircraft structures using FOS have been critically reviewed, considering both the multi-point and distributed sensing techniques.
Description of the SAIC DX system as used for MUC-6 (1995)

This is a very young project, operational for only a few months. The focus of the effort is data-extraction, the identification of instances of data-classes in "commercial" text -- e.g., newspapers, technical reports, business correspondence, intelligence briefs. Instances of data-classes in text are phrases which identify factual content, such as names of people or organizations, products, financial amounts, quantities, and so forth.
Abschliessende Bemerkungen und Ausblick (1994)

Der sprachwissenschaftlichen Betrachtung von Lyrik wurde häufig mit Skepsis begegnet; Vorwürfe des,Schematismus‘ und des,bloßen Formalismus‘ wurden erhoben. Aber: „Lautliche und grammatische Struktur sind in der Dichtung nicht einfach eine äußere Form für einen von ihr unberührten Inhalt, der als das allein Wesentliche der dichterischen Botschaft anzunehmen wäre.“
A Real-Time 3D Perception and Reconstruction System Based on a 2D Laser Scanner (2018)

This paper presents a real-time and low-cost 3D perception and reconstruction system which is suitable for autonomous navigation and large-scale environment reconstruction. The 3D mapping system is based on a rotating 2D planar laser scanner driven by a step motor, which is suitable for continuous mapping. However, for such a continuous mapping system, the challenge is that the range measurements are received at different times when the 3D LiDAR is moving, which will result in big distortion of the local 3D point cloud. As a result, the errors in motion estimation can cause misregistration of the resulting point cloud. In order to continuously estimate the trajectory of the sensor, we first extract feature points from the local point cloud and then estimate the transformation between current frame to local map to get the LiDAR odometry. After that, we use the estimated motion to remove the distortion of the local point cloud and then register the undistorted local point cloud to the global point cloud to get accurate global map. Finally, we propose a coarse-to-fine graph optimization method to minimize the global drift. The proposed 3D sensor system is advantageous due to its mechanical simplicity, mobility, low weight, low cost, and real-time estimation. To validate the performance of the proposed system, we carried out several experiments to verify its accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. The experimental results show that our system can accurately estimate the trajectory of the sensor and build a quality 3D point cloud map simultaneously.
Absorption and excretion in the experimental animal of a 14C-ethylmaleimide labelled peptide fraction of bovine factor VIII with antihaemorrhagic activity. (1989)

In this study the absorption and excretion of a peptide fraction from bovine Factor VIII (Vueffe) with antihaemorrhagic activity were investigated in rats and rabbits. The results obtained suggest that the peptide fraction may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract through an active transport or a process of nonselective pinocytosis. The radioactivity elimination was rapid and almost complete within 24 h. In addition no difference was observed between single or repeated dosing in the pharmacokinetic parameters. The evidence following routes of administration shows the good bioavailability of this peptide fraction of low molecular weight and confirms the efficacy after oral administration at very low doses.
Single‐phase flow through porous media (1969)

Abstract The local volume average of the equation of motion is taken for an incompressible fluid flowing through a porous structure under conditions such that inertial effects may be neglected. The result has two terms beyond a pressure gradient: g , the force per unit volume which a flowing fluid exerts on a porous structure, and the divergence of the local volume‐averaged extra stress tensor (viscous portion of the stress tensor). Constitutive equations for g are examined with the aid of the principle of material indifference. When g is assumed to be a function of the velocity of the fluid relative to the solid as well as various scalars, the usual results for a nonoriented (isotropic) porous structure are obtained. When g is assumed to be a function of the local porosity gradient as well, we derive a new expression for g applicable to oriented (anisotropic) porous structures. For a Newtonian fluid with a constant viscosity, the divergence of the local volume‐averaged extra stress tensor is proportional to the Laplacian of the averaged velocity vector. Boundary conditions for the averaged velocity vector are discussed. Three problems are solved for the flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in a nonoriented permeable medium. These solutions, as well as an order‐of‐magnitude analysis, suggest that we may often neglect both the Laplacian of average velocity and the boundary conditions for the tangential components of averaged velocity at an impermeable wall. Two specific constitutive equations for g are proposed for the flow of incompressible Noll simple fluids in nonoriented porous structures. Flow through a porous medium bounded by an impermeable cylindrical surface is solved for these two constitutive equations, and the results are compared with previously available experimental data.
Astrometric Application of the Photoelectric Scanning Technique (1965)

Abstract A new photoelectric area scanner, designed primarily for observations of double stars, has been put into routine use at the Lowell Observatory. A description of the scanner and of the associated data acquisition system is given. The procedure of measuring the relative positions of double star components is described and the accuracy obtainable by this method is discussed. This contribution and a subsequent one (p. 170) will appear jointly under the title ‘A Photoelectric Area Scanner for Astrometry and Photometry of Double Stars’ in Lowell Observatory Bulletin No. 154. This work has been supported by National Science Foundation Grant GP-6983.
Fluorocarbons by Fluorination of Hydrocarbons with Cobalt Trifluoride (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorocarbons by Fluorination of Hydrocarbons with Cobalt TrifluorideR. Benner, A. Benning, F. Downing, C. Irwin, K. Johnson, A. Linch, H. Parmelee, and W. WirthCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 3, 329–333Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online26 January 2005Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50447a619https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50447a619research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
David Paul Davis' Unfulfilled Dream: Davis Islands from October 1926 Until the Crash of 1929 (1999)

By 1900, the Davis family moved to Tampa where, according to the 1900 Federal Census, they rented a home at 208 Pierce Street.The three Davis boys were listed as students and their father served as an engineer on a steamboat, probably the Manatee. 2
Several methods of ranking retrieval systems with partial relevance judgment (2007)

Some measures such as mean average precision and recall level precision are considered as good system-oriented measures, because they concern both precision and recall that are two important aspects for effectiveness evaluation of information retrieval systems. However, such good system-oriented measures suffer from some shortcomings when partial relevance judgment is used. In this paper, we discuss how to rank retrieval systems in the condition of partial relevance judgment, which is common in major retrieval evaluation events such as TREC conferences and NTCIR workshops. Four system-oriented measures, which are mean average precision, recall level precision, normalized discount cumulative gain, and normalized average precision over all documents, are discussed. Our investigation shows that averaging values over a set of queries may not be the most reliable approach to rank a group of retrieval systems. Some alternatives such as Bar da count. Condorcet voting, and the zero-one normalization method, are investigated. Experimental results are also presented for the evaluation of these methods.
Formal verification of autonomous vehicle platooning (2017)

The coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles into convoys or platoons is expected on our highways in the near future. However, before such platoons can be deployed, the new autonomous behaviors of the vehicles in these platoons must be certified. An appropriate representation for vehicle platooning is as a multi-agent system in which each agent captures the "autonomous decisions" carried out by each vehicle. In order to ensure that these autonomous decision-making agents in vehicle platoons never violate safety requirements, we use formal verification. However, as the formal verification technique used to verify the agent code does not scale to the full system and as the global verification technique does not capture the essential verification of autonomous behavior, we use a combination of the two approaches. This mixed strategy allows us to verify safety requirements not only of a model of the system, but of the actual agent code used to program the autonomous vehicles.
Regulation and Characterization of Two Nitroreductase Genes, <i>nprA</i> and <i>nprB</i> , of <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> (2005)

Among photosynthetic bacteria, strains B10 and E1F1 of Rhodobacter capsulatus photoreduce 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), which is stoichiometrically converted into 2-amino-4-nitrophenol by a nitroreductase activity. The reduction of DNP is inhibited in vivo by ammonium, which probably acts at the level of the DNP transport system and/or physiological electron transport to the nitroreductase, since this enzyme is not inhibited by ammonium in vitro. Using the complete genome sequence data for strain SB1003 of R. capsulatus, two putative genes coding for possible nitroreductases were isolated from R. capsulatus B10 and disrupted. The phenotypes of these mutant strains revealed that both genes are involved in the reduction of DNP and code for two major nitroreductases, NprA and NprB. Both enzymes use NAD(P)H as the main physiological electron donor. The nitroreductase NprA is under ammonium control, whereas the nitroreductase NprB is not. In addition, the expression of the nprB gene seems to be constitutive, whereas nprA gene expression is inducible by a wide range of nitroaromatic and heterocyclic compounds, including several dinitroaromatics, nitrofuran derivatives, CB1954, 2-aminofluorene, benzo[a]pyrene, salicylic acid, and paraquat. The identification of two putative mar/sox boxes in the possible promoter region of the nprA gene and the induction of nprA gene expression by salicylic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol suggest a role in the control of the nprA gene for the two-component MarRA regulatory system, which in Escherichia coli controls the response to some antibiotics and environmental contaminants. In addition, upregulation of the nprA gene by paraquat indicates that this gene is probably a member of the SoxRS regulon, which is involved in the response to stress conditions in other bacteria.
Strongly typed evolutionary programming (2000)

As the potential of applying machine learning techniques to perplexing problems is realised, increasingly complex problems are being tackled, requiring intricate explanations to be induced. Escher is a functional logic language whose higher-order constructs allow arbitrarily complex observations to be captured and highly expressive generalisations to be conveyed.
Arousal Styles during Public Speaking (2002)

The nature of the public-speaking context as a physiologically arousing communication context is well-known. During public speaking, a significant increase in heart rate level above the baseline has been found in various studies. In these studies, arousal styles during speaking have generally been described on the basis of mean heart rates among a group of participants. Individual variation in HR responses has not received much attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine individual differences in heart rate responses during public speaking and to account for these differences in terms of particular explanatory variables. The heart rate curves of 47 speakers were examined one by one in order to see what different arousal styles emerged. As a result, four styles were distinguished: the confrontation style, inflexible style, insensitive style, and average style. Different combinations of the speaker's subjectively experienced state, level of trait anxiety, and public speaking experience were typically associated with each of these styles.
Some observations on the sexual differentiation of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> using single sporozoite infections in chicken embryos (1976)

Unsporulated oocysts were recovered from the allantoic cavity of 5 chicken embryos inoculated with a single sporozoite of Eimeria tenella; some of these oocysts sporulated. Both macrogametes and microgametes are required for the formation of viable oocysts. The results conclusively demonstrate the bisexual nature of the sporozoite, suggest that sexual differentiation is influenced by environmental factors, and show that true clones of Eimeria can be established from individual sporozoites.
Occurrence of Culex (Lophoceraomyia) quadripalpis, Culex (Lophoceraomyia) mammilifer, and Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) novobscura in Assam, India. (2003)

Culex (Lophoceraomyia) quadripalpis is recorded for the 1st time in India. Collections of Culex (Lophoceraomyia) mammilifer and Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) novobscura are new records from Assam in northeastern India.
Developing a generic metric of terminal airspace traffic complexity (2011)

This article develops a generic metric for measuring the complexity of a given terminal airspace (TMA). The metric includes static and dynamic complexity, both consisting of the complexity component for arriving and departing traffic. The main objective of the developed metric is as follows: evaluation of particular alternative solutions for airspace organisation and design and related air traffic complexity under the given circumstances, which could be used for planning purposes at the strategic and the tactical level. For this reason, the proposed metric reflects the expected complexity over a certain time period, rather than the current value of complexity. The main factors influencing complexity of a given TMA are: configuration of TMA, which implies among other factors, the number and length of arrival/departure trajectories, the airport(s) runway system capacity, air traffic volume, aircraft fleet mix, spatial distribution of traffic and the air traffic control separation rules. Unlike most other approaches, the one presented in this article disregards the air traffic controller workload issue from explicit consideration, but indicates the level of complexity which could influence the workload that he or she could be faced with under the specified circumstances. The output consists of complexity values dependent of the configuration, i.e. three-dimensional geometry of the given TMA and approach/departure trajectories in it, air traffic volume, aircraft fleet mix and the spatial distribution of traffic. The developed complexity metric has been applied to TMA traffic around London Heathrow Airport, UK.
JAK2/STAT3 Directs Cardiomyogenesis Within Murine Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro (2005)

The heart is the first organ to form during development; however, little is known about the mechanisms that control the initial stages of cardiac differentiation. To investigate this process, we used a protein kinase expression screen, in which nonbeating embryonic stem (ES) cells were compared with beating ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes. We found that JAK2 experienced a 70% increase in protein levels within beating areas. Inhibition of JAK2 pharmacologically or by using dominant/negative JAK2 both resulted in diminished beating within embryoid bodies (EBs), whereas gain of function analysis using dominant/positive JAK2 resulted in a significant induction of beating. More important, inhibition of STAT3, a specific target of JAK2, by dominant/negative STAT3 resulted in the virtual complete loss of beating areas. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis of STAT3-inhibited EBs resulted in lack of expression of several cardiac-specific genes, many of which contain within their promoter STAT3 DNA-binding regions. Taken together, the data reveal that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is essential for initial stages of cardiomyogenesis.
Tubing and casing buckling in horizontal wells (1990)

This paper describes new theoretical results for predicting the buckling behavior of pipe in horizontal holes. Pipe buckling in horizontal holes occurs initially in a sinusoidal mode along the low side of the hole; at higher axial compression a helix is formed. Equations are given for computing the forces required to initiate these different buckling modes. Simple experimental laboratory results confirm the theory. Results presented in this paper apply to friction modeling of buckled tubulars to help predict when pipe can be forced to move along a long section of a horizontal well.
Doubling in Size, Post‐Merger, SBC Learned To Consolidate Functions Quickly and Effectively (2001)

Abstract Global telecom giant SBC has gotten so big through acquisitions. And, by experience, they have learned the critical systems and processes to whip into operation to make the blend a success. Recognizing the link between business success and strict attention to human resources issues, SBC has formalized guidelines for managers to use throughout the transition process, fostered open communication of change, and determinedly intermingled work groups. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.