gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design (2017)

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Direct visualization of stationary interference patterns of several running whispering gallery modes (2007)

We report on the direct observation of stationary interference patterns of several running optical whispering gallery modes in an experiment with a fused silica microsphere immersed into a dye solution.
Novel Agmatine-Containing Poly(amidoamine) Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2005)

Novel biocompatible and biodegradable amphoteric poly(amidoamine) (PAA) hydrogels were designed for applications as scaffolds for tissue engineering. These hydrogels (PAA-AG1 and PAA-AG2) were obtained by polyaddition of 2,2-bisacrylamidoacetic acid with 2-methylpiperazine and 4-aminobutyl guanidine, a bioactive molecule with a known ability to induce adhesion to cell membranes. They contain carboxylic functions in their main chain and interchain connections deriving from two different cross-linking agents: for PAA-AG1, a multifunctional primary amine, that is, 1,10-decanediamine; for PAA-AG2, a purposely synthesized PAA (PAA-NH(2)) containing pendant NH(2). Both PAA-AG1 and PAA-AG2 proved noncytotoxic and adhesive to cell membranes, as ascertained by means of cytotoxicity and proliferation tests carried out on fibroblast cell lines. Good apparent mechanical strength was also observed in the case of PAA-AG2, cross-linked with the PAA-NH(2). Both PAA-AG1 and PAA-AG2 underwent degradation tests under controlled conditions simulating the biological environments, that is, Dulbecco medium at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. They completely dissolved within 10 and about 40 days, respectively. In both cases, the degradation products were completely noncytotoxic. All the results of this paper point to the conclusion that agmatine-based PAA hydrogels are excellent substrates for cell proliferation.
Through-pitch low-k 1 contact hole imaging with CPL technology (2004)

Chromeless-Phase Lithography (CPL) combined with IML (Interference Mapping Lithography) technology is experimentally demonstrated as a viable resolution enhancement technique (RET) to pattern low-k1 (0.39) contact holes (CHs) from dense through sparse pitches. Both the process latitude and the MEEF values are measured. The most promising single exposure techniques combine off-axis-illumination (OAI) with the use of non-printing assist features, as in the case of CPL with IML. Contrary to other RETs, CPL does not use sub-resolution assist features but non-printing assist slots with a well-chosen phase (180° or 0°) and transmission (0% or 100%) assignment. The optimization and the positioning of assist features result of IML, based on a mapping of the field intensity at the wafer level: the assist features interfere to enhance the image at the contact hole location. The experimental layout optimization is discussed, showing how the process is maximized together with the dose-margin before any side-lobe printing. Using ArF immersion lithography at 0.75 NA with Quasar 20° σ<sub>out</sub>=0.92 / σ<sub>in</sub>=0.72, the CPL printing performance of 100 nm contact holes, from 200 nm pitch through isolated, is measured. The Depth-Of-Focus at 8% Exposure Latitude (DOF @ 8% EL) remains above 0.4 μm through pitch, with 0.43 μm DOF @ 8% EL at the difficult 300 nm pitch. The MEEF becomes a multi-dimensional metric on CPL masks. The wafer CD uniformity depends not only on the size variation of the CH on the reticle, but also on the size variations at the two reticle write steps, i.e. the assist slots opening and the Cr removal. The MEEF metrics related to the CH and slot sizes appear as the most critical ones. For each of those parameters, measured MEEF is always below 3.
Interactive effects of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 3-methylindole, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in a shale-derived diesel fuel (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractive effects of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 3-methylindole, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in a shale-derived diesel fuelGeorge W. Mushrush, Erna J. Beal, Robert N. Hazlett, and Dennis R. HardyCite this: Energy Fuels 1990, 4, 1, 15–19Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00019a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00019a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel polarimetric fibre device for interrogating ‘white-light’ interferometers (1993)

A novel, in-line, polarimetric fibre interrogator for ‘white-light’ interferometry is described. It consists of two equal lengths of polarisation-maintaining fibre, spliced with their polarisation axes orthogonal. The interferometer path difference is thermally tuned over the free-space equivalent of ±180 μm to allow matching to a remote sensor interferometer.
Wet air oxidation of waste water sludge (2012)

Working with Wetox Ltd, a lab scale plant for the continuous oxidation of wastes from municipal water treatment and industrial processes has been developed at IRL using wet air oxidation (WAO). The WAO process can be used to significantly reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of waste sludge and to recover components such as aluminium and phosphate. WAO requires high temperature (240 - 300 degreesC) and high enough pressure (typically 5 - 7 MPa) to maintain a liquid aqueous phase and excess oxygen content, therefore a stirred autoclave vessel was employed. The plant was designed to allow the continuous throughput of a range of waste materials with air as oxidant; and continuous recovery of reaction products (vapour, liquid aqueous and solids) in separate streams. Significant reduction in the COD of sludge from a waste water treatment plant was achieved, based on measurement of the collected product streams. Furthermore, a corresponding increase in CO2 was detected in the product gas vapour stream. Metal salts and phosphates were detected only in the blow-down (solid phase) as desired. This plant has provided process data that will assist with configuration of a 200 L pilot plant to be commissioned by Wetox Ltd, together with Palmerston North City Council and the Ministry of the Environment. Based upon recovery of the chemicals and the destruction of the organic sludge, the process has been shown to be commercially viable.
The Management of ASCUS Cervical Cytologic Abnormalities and HPV Testing (2001)

In Brief A recently published study of the management of low-grade cytologic smears compared immediate colposcopy to human papillomavirus (HPV) triage and entry cytology smears (conservative management) as three triage techniques for managing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) smears (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study [ALTS]). The study reported a high sensitivity (96.3%) for HPV testing using hybrid capture 2 to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III. The authors concluded that HPV testing is a viable option for managing ASCUS smears. We have reviewed the published data from the ALTS trial and have found a large excess of colposcopies and biopsies in the HPV arm in comparison with the conservative management (cytology) arm. In addition, the ALTS trial quality control and pathology review results raise doubts about the diagnostic validity of the study to establish standards of clinical practice. Furthermore, until the 2-year follow-up analysis of the conservative management arm is completed to detect CIN III, a valid comparison between HPV triage and conservative management is not possible. We conclude that, based on published data, HPV testing for routine clinical management of low-grade cytologic abnormalities (ASCUS smears) is not warranted, and that HPV testing is currently an investigational tool. The authors' analysis of human papillomavirus testing for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytologic abnormalities (ALTS trial) indicates such testing is investigational and not currently warranted in clinical practice.
Mode-converted diffuse ultrasonic backscatter (2013)

Diffuse ultrasonic backscatter describes the scattering of elastic waves from interfaces within heterogeneous materials. Previously, theoretical models have been developed for the diffuse backscatter of longitudinal-to-longitudinal (L-L) wave scattering within polycrystalline materials. Following a similar formalism, a mode-conversion scattering model is presented here to quantify the component of an incident longitudinal wave that scatters and is converted to a transverse (shear) wave within a polycrystalline sample. The model is then used to fit experimental measurements associated with a pitch-catch transducer configuration performed using a sample of 1040 steel. From these measurements, an average material correlation length is determined. This value is found to be in agreement with results from L-L scattering measurements and is on the order of the grain size as determined from optical micrographs. Mode-converted ultrasonic backscatter is influenced much less by the front-wall reflection than an L-L measurement and it provides additional microstructural information that is not accessible in any other manner.
Untersuchung des Umformverhaltens von FeSi-Legierungen durch Messung der Biegezahl (1982)

Einfluß von Ordnungszuständen, Si-Gehalt, Umformtemperatur, Korngröße und Vorverformung auf die Biegezahl von FeSi-Legierungen. Übertragung auf das Walzverhalten. Influence of states of order, Si content, forming temperature, grain size and prestrain on the number of bending cycles of FeSi alloys. Transfer to the rolling behaviour. Influence des étatsd'ordre, de la teneur en Si, de la température „deformage, des grosseurs des grains et du formage préliminaire sur le nombre de pliages alternés d'alliages de FeSi. Transfert au comportement au laminage.
Series elastic actuation for force controlled micro-manipulation (2011)

We propose using series elastic actuation (SEA) in micro mechanical devices to achieve precise control of the interaction forces. Using μSEA for force control removes the need for high-precision force sensors/actuators and allows for accurate force control through simple position control of the deflection of a compliant coupling element. In this work, we employ a design optimization framework to design this element. The proposed design framework ensures robustness of the design while simultaneously optimizing multiple objective functions. The robust design optimization method relies on the Sensitivity Region concept which minimizes the change of the objective function with respect to the small changes in the design variables. Once the optimal design is obtained, a non-overshooting controller is implemented for the μSEA to achieve accurate force tracking without ever exceeding the reference force input.
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Occurs Spontaneously in the Canine Prostate (1997)

These results indicate that high grade PIN is frequently present in the prostate of elderly, sexually intact dogs. The prevalence of canine PIN, like human PIN, is apparently influenced by age and testicular androgens. The canine prostate may serve as a useful model to determine the factors that regulate the apparent progression from benign epithelium to PIN and invasive carcinoma.
Dilatation therapy for dysphagia in patients with upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction - manometric and symptomatic response (1998)

Inability to maintain oral nutrition due to oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in patients with a variety of neurological and neuromuscular disorders and severely affects quality of life. Cricopharyngeal dilatation has been used as empiric therapy in these patients, but little data exist on symptom response and there is no data on the effect on the manometric characteristics of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and pharynx. We studied 10 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and either elevated upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure, or a high residual pressure or attenuated duration of relaxation on swallowing. Dilatation therapy was performed with an 18-20 mm Savary dilator and manometry was repeated after an average period of 4 weeks. Nine out of 10 patients had improvement in dysphagia and have maintained oral nutrition for a mean follow-up of 13 months. UES residual pressure decreased in nine out of 10 patients and the group median value decreased significantly from 10.8 mmHg pretreatment to 5.7 mmHg after therapy (P < 0.05). UES resting pressure decreased in eight out of 10 patients and the group median value decreased from 82 to 43 mmHg (P < 0.05). Duration of relaxation did not change significantly. Videoradiography was normal in five out of nine responders to therapy. For selected patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and manometric signs of UES dysfunction, dilatation therapy may give excellent symptomatic relief, apparently by reducing UES resting pressure and/or increasing the duration and completeness of relaxation.
Glandular Excision in Total Glandular Mastectomy and Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Comparison (1991)

Total glandular mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy were compared for the amount of breast tissue remaining after surgery. Multiple biopsies were taken from the anterior chest walls of women following total glandular mastectomy (N = 27) and modified radical mastectomy (N = 28) to try to detect any residual glandular tissue. Regardless of procedure performed, breast tissue was identified histologically in 5 percent of all biopsy specimens (159 and 161, respectively). One of every five operative fields was shown to have glandular elements in at least one of the biopsy sites; the positive biopsies did not form a discernible pattern. The residual breast tissue in each of these patients averaged less than 1 gm. On the basis of this study, modified radical mastectomy and total glandular mastectomy appear to be equally effective in removing most of the breast.
Chiral Bis(oxazoline)-copper Catalyzed Enantioselective Imidation of Sulfides (1997)

Prochiral sulfides reacted with Phl=NTs in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cu(I) salt together with a chiral 4,4′-disubstituted bis(oxazoline) ligand to afford the corresponding chiral sulfimides.
SPICE-compatible physical model of nanocrystal floating gate devices for circuit simulation (2011)

The majority of nanocrystal floating gate research has been done at the device level. Circuit-level research is still in its early stages because of the lack of a physical device model appropriate for circuit simulations. In this study, a comprehensive and accurate SPICE-compatible physical equation-based model of nanocrystal floating gate devices is developed based on uniform direct tunnelling and Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling. The main contribution is a Verilog-A module that captures the physical behaviours of programming and erasing the device. A predictive NMOS model is then used for modelling the conduction channel to determine the behavioural I–V characteristics. The proposed model uses only explicit formulae resulting in fast computation appropriate for circuit simulation and can be used in any SPICE simulator supporting Verilog-A. It interacts dynamically with the rest of the circuit and includes charge leakage which enables power consumption analysis. The simulation results of the proposed model fit well to experimental results of various fabricated devices. Additionally, it is verified in HSPICE, demonstrating a significant speedup and good agreement with a numerical device simulator. This study is important in bridging the gap between device- and circuit-level research.
An extension of the Kegel–Wielandt theorem to locally finite groups (1996)

A famous theorem of Kegel and Wielandt states that every finite group which is the product of two nilpotent subgroups is soluble (see [1], Theorem 2.4.3). On the other hand, it is an open question whether an arbitrary group factorized by two nilpotent subgroups satisfies some solubility condition, and only a few partial results are known on this subject. In particular, Kegel [6] obtained an affirmative answer in the case of linear groups, and in the same article he also proved that every locally finite group which is the product of two locally nilpotent FC -subgroups is locally soluble. Recall that a group G is said to be an FC-group if every element of G has only finitely many conjugates. Moreover, Kazarin [5] showed that if the locally finite group G = AB is factorized by an abelian subgroup A and a locally nilpotent subgroup B , then G is locally soluble. The aim of this article is to prove the following extension of the Kegel–Wielandt theorem to locally finite products of hypercentral groups.
Aberrant expression of CD6 on B-cell subsets from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (2010)

CD6 is one of a pair of related genes encoding CD5-associated receptors on all T cells and a subset of B cells. The current availability of "T1h", a humanized anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody for B cell-mediated autoimmune disorders revives analysis of the B-cell subset expression of CD6, particularly in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Refined phenotype of B-lymphocytes peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow and tonsils revealed that the overlap between the expression of CD6 is less close to that of CD5 than currently acknowledged. In contrast to CD5, CD6 is absent on transitional B cells, while present on mature and memory B cells. Interestingly, the PB proportion of CD6(+) B cells is decreased in patients with primary SS, as opposed to those with rheumatoid arthritis. The reduction in primary SS does not result from the shedding of CD6 from the membrane of B cells, but from the lowering of memory B lymphocytes. It may result from the ability of CD6 to make transmigration of CD27(+) memory B cells into the salivary glands (SGs) easier. Consistent with this view is our finding that CD166 (one of the ligands for CD6) is highly expressed on epithelial cells of patients' SGs. This study is relevant in that the humanized T1h anti-CD6 becomes an alternative to anti-CD20 for treatment of primary SS.
Photo-Conductivity in Photographic Systems I. Dye-Sensitization of Photo-Conductivity (1947)

Gelatino-silver halide photographic films increase in electrical conductivity on exposure to light at intensities corresponding to exposures within the normal photographic range, and above. The spectral distribution of this change in conductivity in films containing, respectively, photographic sensitizing dyes, and no dye, is found to be parallel with the spectral distribution of photographic sensitivity— the wave-lengths of maximum and minimum sensitivity in the two effects are identical and coincide with absorption maxima and minima, and there is a general parallelism in the efficiency of a dye in sensitizing the two effects to light not absorbed by the silver halide. The conclusion is drawn that the observed changes in conductivity represent a photo-conductivity originating in the photo-liberation of electrons within the silver halide, the primary act of the photographic process. The photo-currents are proportional to the applied field up to strengths of at least 140 volts per millimeter, and at intensities of illumination within the normal photographic range and somewhat above, are proportional to the intensity. At still higher light intensities, the photo-currents verge towards a dependence on the square root of the intensity. The change in the intensity relation is interpreted as representing the passage from a situation, at low intensities, in which most of the electrons are captured by foreign traps to that, at high intensities, in which recombination with bromine atoms predominates. It is shown that a sensitizing dye acts by causing the liberation of an electron within the conduction band of the silver halide under the stimulus of light absorbed by the dye but whether the process involves direct electron-transfer or energy-transfer is left open.
Synthesis, structural and conformational study of 4‐α‐(or β)‐<i>p</i>‐chlorobenzoyloxy‐1‐azaadamantane hydrochloride (1989)

Abstract 4‐α‐(or β)‐ p ‐Chlorobenzoyloxy‐1‐azaadamantane hydrochloride have been synthesized and studied by 1 H and 13 C nmr spectroscopy, and the crystal structure of the α‐epimer has been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Each ring of the adamantane cage system is a nearly perfect chair, the substituted cyclohexane and piperidine rings, in endo and exo position respectively, having the biggest deviation. From the 1 H and 13 C nmr data, several stereoelectronic effects have been deduced.
Une expérience d'enseignement de l'acoustique industrielle intégrant pédagogie de la coopération, laboratoire informatique et projet de session (2012)

Cet article dcrit comment trois lments pdagogiques non conventionnels ont t intgrs dans le cours d 'acoustique industrielle des tudiants au baccalaurat en gnie mcanique de l 'cole de technologie suprieure : (i) Mthode pdagogique active base sur la pdagogie de la coopration, (ii) Utilisation intensive de l 'outil informatique par l'intermdiaire de sances de travaux pratiques et d 'examens en laboratoire informatique et (iii) Projet de session en quipe impliquant le diagnostic des sources de bruit, la conception et la ralisation d 'un prototype bruit rduit d 'un outil ou d 'un appareil mnager lectriques.
Parathion transfer and acetylcholinesterase activity in an in-vitro perfused term human placenta. (1992)

Organophosphate transport through the placenta was investigated in an in-vitro placental perfusion system. The system consisted of maternal and fetal reservoirs in which Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer with heparin, albumin and glucose was circulated at a constant pH, temperature and pO2. Parathion was analysed by means of gas chromatography with a N-P detector. 14C Antipyrine, a lipid soluble salt, was used as an internal standard, which allowed for the difference in placental size and permeability. A certain amount of parathion passed the placenta and reached the fetal compartment. Glucose consumption was not influenced by the introduction of parathion; neither was the water content of the placental tissue. Acetylcholinesterase activity in placental tissue decreased 50%. The amount of parathion transferred was not negligible and could have caused damage to a fetus.
Copper(I)‐Catalysed Domino Coupling and Cyclisation Reaction: A Mild, Expedient Route for the Synthesis of Indene and Dihydronaphthalene Derivatives (2015)

Abstract A substoichiometric copper iodide catalysed synthesis of indene and dihydronaphthalene derivatives has been accomplished. This protocol is compatible with functional groups, and results in various scaffolds of indene and dihydronaphthalene derivatives in good to high yields. By employing this protocol, a functionalised cyclohexenone derivative is also achieved.