gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokines Induce Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression in Human Atheroma-Associated Cells: Implications for Persistent<i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i>Infection (2002)

This study shows that vascular smooth muscle cells express significantly higher levels of gamma interferon-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity than endothelium or mononuclear cells. Since IDO activity is linked to persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, our results suggest that smooth muscle cells may be an important reservoir of that organism in atherosclerosis.
Cladding-pumped Yb:YAG planar waveguide laser (2000)

Rare-earth-doped diffusion bonded planar crystal waveguides have the potential to yield efficient, diode-pumped lasers and amplifiers. For the optimization of diode-pumped waveguides, stable, compact and mode-selective resonator- and gain structures are essential. For this purpose, we used a new modified cladding pump scheme for planar waveguides.
Performance of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Identification of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Uganda (2017)

Accurately identifying and targeting the human reservoir of malaria parasitemia is critical for malaria control, and requires a reliable and sensitive diagnostic method. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is increasingly used to diagnose submicroscopic parasitemia. Although most published studies report the sensitivity of LAMP compared with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as ≥ 80%, they have failed to use a consistent, sensitive diagnostic as a comparator. We used cross-sectional samples from children and adults in Tororo, Uganda, a region with high but declining transmission due to indoor residual spraying, to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of pan-<i>Plasmodium</i> LAMP for detecting submicroscopic infections. We compared LAMP results targeting a mitochondrial DNA sequence conserved in all <i>Plasmodium</i> species, performed on DNA extracted from dried blood spots, to those of a gold standard quantitative PCR assay targeting the <i>var</i> gene acidic terminal sequence of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (<i>var</i>ATS qPCR), performed on DNA extracted from 200 µL of whole blood. Using LAMP and <i>var</i>ATS qPCR increased the detection of parasitemia 2- to 5-fold, compared with microscopy. Among microscopy-negative samples, the sensitivity of LAMP was 81.5% for detecting infection ≥ 1 parasites/µL. However, low density infections were common, and LAMP failed to identify more than half of all infections diagnosed by <i>var</i>ATS qPCR, performing with an overall sensitivity of 44.7% for detecting submicroscopic infections ≥ 0.01 parasites/µL. Thus, although the LAMP assay is more sensitive than microscopy, it missed a significant portion of the submicroscopic reservoir. These findings have important implications for malaria control, particularly in settings where low-density infections predominate.
Picomolar Detection Limit on a Magnetoresistive Biochip After Optimization of a Thiol-Gold Based Surface Chemistry (2010)

The surface biochemistry plays a crucial role in the development of stable and reproducible bioanalytical devices. Very often, it represents the bottleneck of a successful integration of magnetoelectronic transducers with the biological receptors on its interface. Here is discussed how a thiolgold surface chemistry can be tailored and optimized in order to allow the biofunctionalization of a magnetoresistive biochip, preventing loss of viability by corrosion while improving its sensitivity. Two important parameters, type of buffer solution and salt concentration (globally ionic strength), were evaluated in the effectiveness of the sulfur-gold linkage and further influence on the biomolecular recognition between single stranded DNA molecules. A third, not less important variable under investigation was the blocking solution. Non-specific adsorption of magnetic labels to the sensing surface still is a major problem to be addressed. The effect of two well known blocking molecules (bovine serum albumin (BSA)) and thiolated polyethylene-glycol (SH-PEG)) on the prevention of non-specific adsorption of targets and labels are compared. The best conditions were selected using an optical microscopic characterization method. Optical images were analyzed for magnetic particles quantification and results presented as a percentage of surface coverage. The optimized protocol was further implemented on real magnetoresistive devices to assess its electric compatibility and bioassay performance. A good reproducibility (about 9% error) among different devices measuring the same target concentration was achieved. Also a reduced non-specific binding signal of 43 microV for non-complementary targets (30% complementarity) compares with a 500 microV for fully complementarity. A linear range on the biological detection of magnetically labeled target ssDNA oligonucleotides is demonstrated. Consequently, the limit of detection at the standard operational conditions of the device is situated at the picomolar range.
Spectroscopic, Kinetic, and Mechanistic Study of a New Mode of Coordination of Indole Derivatives to Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Ions in Complexes (2000)

Binding of tryptophan residue to intrinsic metal ions in proteins is unknown, and very little is known about the coordinating abilities of indole. Indole-3-acetamide displaces the solvent ligands from cis-[Pt(en)(sol)2]2+, in which sol is acetone or H2O, in acetone solution and forms the complex cis-[Pt(en)(indole-3-acetamide)]2+ (3) of spiro structure, in which the new bidentate ligand coordinates to the Pt(II) atom via the C(3) atom of the indolyl group and the amide oxygen atom. This structure is supported by 1H, 13C, 15N, and 195Pt NMR spectra and by UV, IR, and mass spectra. Molecular mechanical simulations by Hyperchem and CHARMM methods give consistent structural models; the latter is optimized by density-functional quantum chemical calculations. Dipeptide-like molecules N-(3-indolylacetyl)-L-amino acid in which amino acid is alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, aspartic acid, or phenylalanine also displace the solvent ligands in acetone solution and form complexes cis-[Pt(en) N-(3-indolylacetyl)-L-amino acid)]2+ (6), which structurally resemble 3 but exist as two diastereomers, detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bulkier the amino acid moiety, the slower the coordination of these dipeptide-like ligands to the Pt(II) atom. The indolyl group does not coordinate as a unidentate ligand; a second donor atom is necessary for bidentate coordination of this atom and the indolyl C(3) atom. The solvent-displacement reaction is of first and zeroth orders with respect to indole-3-acetamide and cis-[Pt(en)(sol)2]2+, respectively. A mechanism consisting of initial unidentate coordination of the ligand via the amide oxygen atom followed by closing of the spiro ring is supported by 1H NMR data, the kinetic effects of acid and water, and the activation parameters for the displacement reaction. In the case of N-(3-indolylacetyl)-L-phenylalanine, the bulkiest of the entering ligands, the reaction is of first order with respect to both reactants. The bidentate indole-3-acetamide ligand in 3 is readily displaced by (CH3)2SO and 2-methylimidazole, but not by CNO-, CH3COO-, and CH3CN. Complexes cis-[Pd(en)(sol)2]2+ and cis-[Pd(dtco)(sol)2]2+ react with indole-3-acetamide more rapidly than their Pt(II) analogues do and yield complexes similar to 3. This study augments our recent discovery of selective, hydrolytic cleavage of tryptophan-containing peptides by Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes.
Eureka project 'totally implantable artificial larynx'; Progress report (1996)

The consequences of a laryngectomy and additional rehabilitation using a shunt valve and tracheostoma valve are still distressing. The European project 'Artificial larynx' aims at realization of ail implantable artificial larynx to eliminate the main drawbacks of the present rehabilitation. The artificial larynx will be made of biofilm-resistant material and consist of: artificial vocal folds with adjustable fundamental frequency and with variable frequency during speech to avoid monotony; an artificial epiglottis controlled by remnants of muscles or by pressure; a valve mechanism to switch between breathing and speaking; a tissue connector to connect the artificial larynx to the trachea. The valve mechanism has been developed and is now tested as tracheostoma valve. All other parts as well as surface modifications are in development.
Application of the Rasch model to measuring the performance of cognitive radios. (2013)

Cognitive radios (CRs) are recent technological developments that rely on artificial intelligence to adapt a radio's performance to suit environmental demands, such as sharing radio frequencies with other radios. Measuring the performance of the cognitive engines (CEs) that underlie a CR's performance is a challenge for those developing CR technology. This simulation study illustrates how the Rasch model can be applied to the evaluation of CRs. We simulated the responses of 50 CEs to 35 performance tasks and applied the Random Coefficients Multidimensional Multinomial Logit Model (MRCMLM) to those data. Our results indicate that CEs based on different algorithms may exhibit differential performance across manipulated performance task parameters. We found that a multidimensional mixture model may provide the best fit to the simulated data and that the two algorithms simulated may respond to tasks that emphasize achieving high levels of data throughput coupled with lower emphasis on power conservation differently than they do to other combinations of performance task characteristics.
Prediction of the Occurrence of a Phase in Austenitic Matrix of Ni-base Superalloys Using Thermodynamic Equilibria Calculation (1992)

Using the calculation of thermodynamic equilibria in multicomponent systems,two ternary phase diagrams,Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Co,have been calculated by optimizing the Gibbs free ener- gies with respect to phase diagrams and thermodynamic data.On the basis of this calcula- tion,the occurrence of σ-phase in the residual solid solution of commercial Ni-base superalloys, IN-713C and U-700,has been predicted.The re- sults show that the calculation of phase equilibria is successful in the prediction of the occurrence of the σ-phase.
Design and Application of Metal Organic Frameworks (2011)

The design new porous MOFs derived from 4-(imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acids was investigated to develop materials for environmental remediation. This research addressed (1) synthesis of new 4-(imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acids to prepare new MOFs, and (2) investigation of MOFs to absorb hydrocarbons. New ligands were prepared with elongated backbones and a range of substituents to determine if the structures of MOFs could be modified to promote adsorption of PAH guests. Absorption of aromatic guests by two MOFs was carried out. This study showed that the MOF we developed showed superior sorption of hydrocarbon guests compared to IRMOF-5.
New Chiral Dopants with an Optically Active Six-membered Ring for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals. Effect of Direction of the Dipole Moment on Spontaneous Polarization (1995)

Abstract New chiral dopants containing an optically active six-membered ring with a cyano group were synthesized. New chiral dopants containing an optically active six-membered ring with an epoxy group were also synthesized and the effect of the direction of the dipoles on spontaneous polarization were discussed using them. The spontaneous polarization is thought to be influenced by the direction of the dipoles of the chiral moiety.
HIGH SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO GAIN BY STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN A DOUBLE WELL (2001)

We demonstrate that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be significantly improved by stochastic resonance in a double well potential. The overdamped dynamical system was studied using mixed signal simulation techniques. The system was driven by wideband Gaussian white noise and a periodic pulse train with variable amplitude and duty cycle. Operating the system in the non-linear response range, we obtained SNR gains much greater than unity. In addition to the classical SNR definition, the ratio of the total power of the signal to the power of the noise part was also measured and it showed better signal improvement.
Charge transport in magnetrons (1987)

The current conduction processes in a magnetron sputtering diode have been the subject of discussion since the origination of the device. Several techniques have been used to study these conduction processes. Langmuir probe measurements of electron temperature, density, and plasma potential show clear evidence of a positive space-charge sheath. The magnitude of the E×B drift current, determined by measuring the magnetic field induced by the current, is suggestive of Bohm diffusion as the principle means for electron conduction. Sheath thickness measurements, made optically, show a strong functional dependence on the discharge voltage. When the sheath dependences are substituted into Child’s law, the current and voltage are found to follow the earlier, empirical current–voltage relation used with magnetrons: I=kVn. It appears that Bohm diffusion is the appropriate function to describe the impedance of the magnetron plasma, and that conduction across the sheath is space-charge limited. Gas density measurements indicate a significant reduction in the plasma region due to gas heating, which is the primary reason for the increase in voltage with power.
Genetic requirements for cell division in a genomically minimal cell (2020)

Abstract Genomically minimal cells, such as JCVI-syn3.0, offer a platform to clarify genes underlying core physiological processes. While this minimal cell includes genes essential for population growth, the physiology of its single cells remained uncharacterized. To investigate striking morphological variation in JCVI-syn3.0 cells, we present an approach to characterize cell propagation and determine genes affecting cell morphology. Microfluidic chemostats allowed observation of intrinsic cell dynamics resulting in irregular morphologies. The addition of 19 genes not retained in JCVI-syn3.0 generated JCVI-syn3A, which presents significantly less morphological variation than JCVI-syn3.0. We further identified seven of these 19 genes, including two known cell division genes ftsZ and sepF and five genes of unknown function, required together to restore cell morphology and division similar to JCVI-syn1.0. This surprising result emphasizes the polygenic nature of cell morphology, as well as the importance of a Z-ring and membrane properties in the physiology of genomically minimal cells.
A study on economic analysis of Asiatic hybrid lily cultivation in Himachal Pradesh (2008)

Lilium which belongs to the family Liliaceae is the most important bulbous cut-flower crop. Among the different types of lily it was observed that there is the maximum demand for Asiatic hybrid lily cut flowers in the domestic flower market. In our country its cultivated area has increased in the last decade. Data of cost of cultivation of cut-flower crops are required for growers before they start the commercial cultivation of the flower crop. The paper aims to analyse the economic viability of Asiatic hybrid lily cultivation under 500m2 area. Every year, data were analysed and it was observed that there is the return of net income in the first and third year to the tune ofRs. 21513 and Rs. 265663, respectively by the sale of its flowers. ~'ttI,tl-1' 'lffi\1 eNCQRr \31Tmful \31~ it ~Ui~I\YI~'iR1-~ LJ;CF I1Q\CJ~UI uc:q:) ~ \JfT mt I ~ ~ ~~mit 3;Q:f ~ cf) ~ JfR ~ it ffi1 ~ ~ fr Jlfuq:j ~ ~ ~ em~ %' I mw it \31Gr ~ eN im ~ t I % R181~ fCF)R eN ~ it ~ ~ 11M \3fIR~rc\'1 crm
Evaluation of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper and multispectral scanner data quality (1984)

Landsat-4 image data quality was evaluated for test sites in Iowa and Illinois. Radiometric and geometric quality was tested and an applications evaluation was carried out using a cooling-pond thermal-mapping example. Geometric quality was found to be generally very good. Small errors were found in registration of the middle IR bands of the TM and the thermal IR band was found to be misregistered by one 120-meter pixel. Radiometric quality of the TM is excellent with only minor striping effects.
An Analysis of Jitter Accumulation in a Chain of PLL Timing Recovery Circuits (1977)

This paper analyzes the timing jitter accumulation which is produced in a chain of regenerative repeaters when a second-order phase-locked loop (PLL) is used as a timing filter. In a PLL timing recovery circuit, the growth of timing jitter varies with the value of damping factor <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> . In this paper, therefore, approximate equations of timing jitter accumulation are given with respect to a case in which <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> is sufficiently large, and the timing jitter is calculated with a digital computer for various values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> . It is shown that, when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> is sufficiently large, results similar to those for first order loops or single tuned circuits are obtained, i.e., the meansquare random jitter is almost proportional to the square root of the number of repeaters, and the mean-square systematic jitter is almost proportional to the number of repeaters. When <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> is small the meansquare jitter increases exponentially as the number of repeaters is increased. This paper also describes the optimum value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> , considering both the jitter accumulation and the transient response of the PLL, by using the number of repeaters <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> as a parameter. As a result, it is postulated that the optimum value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> is 5 to 8 when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> is 100, and 15 to 18 when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> is 1,000.
Adriamycin analogs. Periodate oxidation of adriamycin (1976)

Adriamycin is selectively cleaved in high yield at the C13-C14 bond by 1 equiv of sodium metaperiodate to yield carboxylic acid 3. The corresponding methyl ester 4 is obtained by Fischer esterification. Spectral studies indicate that 3 and 4 bind to calf thymus DNA in a manner similar to adriamycin and daunomycin but Tm measurements suggest that less stable complexes are formed. Ester 4 inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis in cultured L1210 cells at levels comparable to adriamycin but acid 3 is much less effective. Both new compounds are moderately effective as antitumor agents against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in the mouse.
Visceral and Renal Angiography (2000)

-This chapter covers all aspects of visceral and renal angiography. Specifically, gastrointestinal bleeding, angiodysplasia, abdominal angina, non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia, and arteritits are discussed. Angiographic characteristics of GI tumors, pancreatic disease, liver disease and neoplasms, splenic disease are outlined. Renal disease, such as fibromuscular dysplasia, arteriosclerosis, and tumors, are also covered.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cortical blindness in pregnancy (1991)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful in the assessment of eclampsia and preeclampsia with central nervous system symptomatology such as cortical blindness. We describe a rare case of complete binocular blindness postpartum with no other neurologic deficits, in which MRI abnormalities were undetected on computed tomography. The better soft-tissue discrimination of MRI may visualize important but subtle lesions which ultimately may help to explain the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism in such cases.
New polyesters with photosensitive backbones based on the triazene unit (1997)

The synthesis of photosensitive polymers that contain the triazeno group (PhNNNR2) as a sensitive unit in their backbone is reported. The synthesis pathway consists of difunctional alcohols incorporating the photosensitive unit that react with diacyl derivatives to give the respective polyesters. Upon irradiation, the photosensitive chromophores both in monomeric and polymeric surroundings are cleaved fast and irreversibly, as shown in photolytic studies and their kinetic evaluations. Thermogravimetrical investigations indicate the loss of nitrogen being the initial thermal decomposition step and exhibit stabilities sufficient for the requirements in applications as photoresists. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3017–3025, 1997
Diagnosis and treatment of Neospora caninum infection in a dog (1990)

Neospora caninum, a protozoan organism, caused extensor rigidity of the pelvic limbs in a 12-week-old dog. Diagnosis was based on results of muscle biopsy, neuroelectrodiagnostics, serotesting, and cell culture. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titer to N caninum was 1:800 at time of admission and 1:3,200 after 4 and 6 weeks. A reciprocal IFA titer of 50 to N caninum was also found in the CSF. Serotesting for T gondii was negative. Treatment with clindamycin followed by sulfadiazine and trimethoprim did not change the pelvic limb extensor rigidity, but other signs of minor neurologic dysfunction improved.
Fenton Reaction Induced Cancer in Wild Type Rats Recapitulates Genomic Alterations Observed in Human Cancer (2012)

Iron overload has been associated with carcinogenesis in humans. Intraperitoneal administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate initiates a Fenton reaction in renal proximal tubules of rodents that ultimately leads to a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after repeated treatments. We performed high-resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization to identify characteristics in the genomic profiles of this oxidative stress-induced rat RCCs. The results revealed extensive large-scale genomic alterations with a preference for deletions. Deletions and amplifications were numerous and sometimes fragmented, demonstrating that a Fenton reaction is a cause of such genomic alterations in vivo. Frequency plotting indicated that two of the most commonly altered loci corresponded to a Cdkn2a/2b deletion and a Met amplification. Tumor sizes were proportionally associated with Met expression and/or amplification, and clustering analysis confirmed our results. Furthermore, we developed a procedure to compare whole genomic patterns of the copy number alterations among different species based on chromosomal syntenic relationship. Patterns of the rat RCCs showed the strongest similarity to the human RCCs among five types of human cancers, followed by human malignant mesothelioma, an iron overload-associated cancer. Therefore, an iron-dependent Fenton chemical reaction causes large-scale genomic alterations during carcinogenesis, which may result in distinct genomic profiles. Based on the characteristics of extensive genome alterations in human cancer, our results suggest that this chemical reaction may play a major role during human carcinogenesis.