gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Types in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Worldwide: A Systematic Review (2005)

Mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of cervical cancer and likely a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), yet the global prevalence and type distribution of HPV in HNSCC remains unclear. We systematically reviewed published studies of HNSCC biopsies that employed PCR-based methods to detect and genotype HPV to describe the prevalence and type distribution of HPV by anatomic cancer site. Geographic location and study size were investigated as possible sources of variability. In the 5,046 HNSCC cancer specimens from 60 studies, the overall HPV prevalence was 25.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 24.7-27.2]. HPV prevalence was significantly higher in oropharyngeal SCCs (35.6% of 969; 95% CI, 32.6-38.7) than oral SCCs (23.5% of 2,642; 95% CI, 21.9-25.1) or laryngeal SCCs (24.0% of 1,435; 95% CI, 21.8-26.3). HPV16 accounted for a larger majority of HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCs (86.7%; 95% CI, 82.6-90.1) compared with HPV-positive oral SCCs (68.2%; 95% CI, 64.4-71.9) and laryngeal SCCs (69.2%; 95% CI, 64.0-74.0). Conversely, HPV18 was rare in HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCCs (2.8%; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3) compared with other head and neck sites [34.1% (95% CI, 30.4-38.0) of oral SCCs and 17.0% (95% CI, 13.0-21.6) of laryngeal SCCs]. Aside from HPV16 and HPV18, other oncogenic HPVs were rarely detected in HNSCC. Tumor site-specific HPV prevalence was higher among studies from North America compared with Europe and Asia. The high HPV16 prevalence and the lack of HPV18 in oropharyngeal compared with other HNSCCs may point to specific virus-tissue interactions. Small sample size and publication bias complicate the assessment of the prevalence of HPV in head and neck sites beyond the oropharynx.
Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of porous and nonporous arterial substitutes. (1982)

The fate of two different kinds of new small arterial substitutes, porous and nonporous, has been compared, particularly with regard to the structure of the luminal surface. Twenty-eight weavenit Dacron pyrolytic carbon coated grafts and 28 glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical vein segments were implanted into the carotid arteries of dogs. Grafts were removed at intervals, from ten to 120 days after implantation, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The cumulative patency rate was 96.4 per cent for Dacron and 85.7 per cent for umbilical vein grafts. Ten days after implantation, the Dacron grafts were uniformly covered by a thin thrombus layer, while the umbilical vein grafts showed a thin network of fibrin on the central portion of the luminal surface of the graft and thrombotic deposits at the anastomoses. Thirty days after implantation, both types of prostheses showed the development of a thin fibrous tissue layer on the inner surface. Finally, at 120 days, an endothelial lining was observed.
Congruity of Virtual Reality In-Game Advertising (2021)

With virtual reality (VR) video game users beginning to see beta advertisements within game play, this conceptual article adds a needed digital and interactive marketing research foundation to the new construct of VR in-game advertising (IGA) activation. New consumer VR technology continues to disrupt traditional media as a $7.7 billion USD industry, that is expected to reach $57.55 billion by 2027. As such, marketing researchers must continue to evolve and understand the interdisciplinary VR research evolution as many VR users are likely to view IGA as intrusive. IGA and VR are not new constructs, but IGA within VR is unique as VR consumers have not yet experienced VR IGA intrusion. This article utilizes a sport marketing focus to provide an industry specific set of examples for the reader, however this article can be applied to broader fields including communications and interactive marketing. The main contributions of this article are 2-fold. First the development of a <i>VR In-Game Advertising Congruity Framework</i> is developed through a review of the literature and application to VR IGA in the topical areas of <i>congruity</i> of the IGA, <i>interactivity</i> of the IGA, <i>intrusiveness</i> of the IGA, <i>realism</i> of the experience, <i>telepresence, brand awareness</i>, and <i>attitude</i> toward the IGA. Secondly, a proper VR context definition of telepresence is provided through review of the literature that takes into account the interaction of a VR participant. This article aims to aid marketers in making informed IGA development decisions through strategic choice, via a centralized VR IGA congruity framework, that not only enhances brand awareness, but leaves participants with a favorable attitude toward the IGA to increase sales activation.
Characterization and engineering of hexaric and hexuronic acid pathways in fungal microorganisms (2016)

Citrus juice production and sugar beet processing produce pectin-rich residues which are mainly used as animal feed. Food industry also uses pectin produced from citrus peel as gelling agent. The main constituent of pectin is D-galacturonic acid. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is naturally capable of hydrolyzing pectin and it can catabolize galacturonic acid through pyruvate and glycerol. Hence, pectin-rich residues could provide a cost effective alternative for producing value-added products, for example, galactaric acid which has many potential applications in polymer synthesis and as a platform chemical. Galactaric acid could be produced by engineered A. niger. However, the acid is catabolized by the mould resulting in the lowered yield. This catabolic pathway of galactaric acid is still not known. The objectives of the Master’s thesis were to unravel the pathway for galactaric acid catabolism, characterize the proteins and construct a galactaric acid producing A. niger strain.\n\nIn this study, eight potential genes involved in the catabolic pathways were investigated. The genes were deleted from the wild-type strain ATCC 1015 utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and galactaric acid utilization of the resulting mutant strains was investigated. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report of using in vitro gRNA successfully in A. niger for targeted gene deletion by the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool. Three of the investigated genes, 39114, 1090836 and 1121140, were concluded to be involved in the pathway. Blocking galacturonic and galactaric acid pathways by deleting genes gaaA and 39114, respectively, and expressing a heterologous gene udh, A. niger ΔgaaA udh Δ39114 was able to produce 4.3 ± 0.2 g/l galactaric acid from galacturonic acid in submerged fermentation. In solid-state and submerged fermentation, the strain produced 15.4 ± 0.6 and 82.3 ± 3.9 mg galactaric acid/g citrus processing waste on dry mass basis, respectively.
A Neighborhood Playground (1921)

We wish to introduce you to a. strange creature. It resists classification and analysis. It has a tousley mat of indifferent colored hair surmounting a defiant freckled face. Water it abhors except in ponds full. When it comes into the house, it topples over chairs and bric-a-brac. Its limbs are too short for its body and its clothes too short for its limbs. When it tries to talk its voice sometimes goes up and sometimes down. Taken all together, it is not ornamental nor particularly useful. The abode of civilization is no place for it Its natural occupation is hunting, fishing or fighting; its habitation Is the fields and woods. It Imagines itself an Indian and belongs to a tribe who go on plundering expeditions against its enemies.
Growth kinetics for shelf-life prediction: Theory and practice (1993)

Predictive microbiology can be used to determine and predict the shelf-life of perishable foods under commercial distribution conditions based on microbial growth kinetics. This paper presents general microbial growth kinetics with the Monod model and the Gompertz function. Additional models are given to describe effects of food composition (e. g.aw) and environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, gas atmosphere) as well as their interaction on the growth kinetic parameters (lag time and specific growth rate). These models can be used to predict the time to reach a critical level under any constant conditions within the range tested. A combination of microbial kinetics with an engineering accumulation approach can be used to predict the final microbial level in a food, or the loss of shelf-life, for any known time-temperature sequence, if there is no history effect or the history effect is negligible. A time-temperature indicator, could be used for predicting the remaining shelf-life of perishable foods under any distribution condition based on microbial growth kinetics.
Strategies for commercialization of cryopreserved fish semen (2008)

Initial success in sperm cryopreservation occurred at about the same time for aquatic species and livestock. However, in the 50 plus years since then cryopreserved sperm of livestock has grown into a billion-dollar global industry, while cryopreserved sperm of aquatic species remains a research activity with little commercial application despite work in more than 90 species and more than 200 published reports. Most research work has focused on large-bodied culture and sport fishes, such as salmon, trout, carp, and catfish, and mollusks such as commercially important oyster and abalone species. However, only a few studies have addressed sperm cryopreservation in small fishes such as zebrafish, or in endangered species. Overall, this work has yielded techniques that are being applied with varied levels of success around the world. Barriers to expanded application include a diverse and widely distributed literature base, technical problems, small sperm volumes, variable results, a general lack of access to the technology, and most importantly, a lack of standardization in practices and reporting. The benefits of cryopreservation include at least five levels of improvements for existing industries and for creation of new industries. First, cryopreservation can be used to improve existing hatchery operations by providing sperm on demand and simplifying the timing of induced spawning. Second, frozen sperm can enhance efficient use of facilities and create new opportunities in the hatchery by eliminating the need to maintain live males, potentially freeing resources for use with females and larvae. Third, valuable genetic lineages such as endangered species, research models or improved farmed strains can be protected by storage of frozen sperm. Fourth, cryopreservation opens the door for rapid genetic improvement. Frozen sperm can be used in breeding programs to create improved lines and shape the genetic resources available for aquaculture. Finally, cryopreserved sperm of aquatic species will at some point become an entirely new industry itself. A successful industry will require integrated practices for sample collection, refrigerated storage, freezing, thawing, rules for use and disposal, transfer agreements, and database development. Indeed the development of this new industry is constrained by factors including the technical requirements for scaling-up to commercial operations during the transition from research, and the absence of uniform quality control practices, industry standards, and appropriate biosecurity safeguards.
The Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development (2009)

At over 3,200 pages, this book covers everything from introductory steps all the way to very advanced topics. More importantly, this book is continuously updated to reflect changes in Android itself, with new material being added every couple of months. This edition, licensed under Creative Commons, is version 5.0 (2013), and may be significantly out of date. Android keeps advancing, and these books will refer to classes, tools, and techniques that are no longer available or recommended. You are strongly encouraged to obtain other Android development knowledge — whether from CommonsWare or somebody else — that is more current to go along with anything you obtain from here. With a "Warescription", available from Commonsware , you are assured of having current Android programming information at your fingertips. The book is divided into core chapters plus the trails. The core chapters — representing ~800 pages — are set up as a typical programming guide, covering the basics of getting an Android app up and running. The book includes material on setting up your development tools, constructing a user interface, loading data from a local database or the Internet, handling the differences between phones and tablets, and much more. The core chapters also include an integrated set of 19 tutorials, offering you step-by-step guides for creating an Android application from scratch. Hence, whether you "learn by reading" or "learn by doing", you have the material in the core chapters to accomplish your goal. The rest of the book comprises the trails. These are linked sets of chapters covering advanced topics, organized by theme. However, while the core chapters are designed to be read in sequence, the trails are designed to be read on an as-needed basis, when you want to dive into those specific topics. Archived by Unglue.it
A distributed load‐balancing policy for a multicomputer (1985)

Abstract This paper deals with the organization of a distributed load‐balancing policy for a multicomputer system which consists of a cluster of independent computers that are interconnected by a local area communication network. We introduce three algorithms necessary to maintain load balancing in this system: the local load algorithm, used by each processor to monitor its own load; the exchange algorithm, for exchanging load information between the processors, and the process migration algorithm that uses this information to dynamically migrate processes from overloaded to underloaded processors. The policy that we present is distributed, i.e. each processor uses the same policy. It is both dynamic, responding to load changes without using an a priori knowledge of the resources that each process requires; and stable, unnecessary overloading of a processor is minimized. We give the essential details of the implementation of the policy and initial results on its performance. Our results confirm the feasibility of building distributed systems that are based on network communication for uniform access, resource sharing and improved reliability, as well as the use of workstations without a secondary storage device.
Expression of Galectin-3, nm-23, and Cyclooxygenase-2 Could Potentially Discriminate Between Benign and Malignant Pheochromocytoma (2011)

Currently, the only reliable indicator of malignancy in pheochromocytoma is the presence of distant metastasis or extensive local invasion; predicting behavior of pheochromocytoma remains challenging. We aimed to correlate the behavior of pheochromocytoma with its expression of nm-23, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and galectin-3 (genes used to predict the course of some neoplastic diseases), evaluated immunohistochemically in 55 paraffin blocks of formalin-fixed pheochromocytoma specimens with confirmed behavior. In 3 (7%) of 44 benign and 7 (64%) of 11 malignant pheochromocytomas, there was negative nm-23 expression (P = .000). COX-2 immunoreactivity was positive in 10 (23%) of benign and 9 (82%) of malignant tumors (P = .000). Galectin-3 was expressed in 5 (11%) of benign and 9 (82%) of malignant pheochromocytomas (P = .000). Negative nm-23, along with positive COX-2 or galectin-3, predicted malignancy with 100% specificity. Dual negativity for galectin-3 and COX-2, along with nm-23 positivity, indicated benign behavior with 100% sensitivity. In early pheochromocytoma, evaluation of nm-23, galectin-3, and COX-2 expression could predict the outcome. Larger studies seem necessary to confirm the potential practical value of our findings.
Influence of Alumina Phases on the Molybdenum Adsorption Capacity and Chemical Stability for 99Mo/99mTc Generators Columns (2016)

Technetium-99m is the clinically most used radionuclide worldwide. Although many techniques can be applied to separate 99Mo and 99mTc, the most commonly used method is the column chromatography with alumina as stationary phase. However, the alumina nowadays used has limited adsorption capacity of molybdate ions which implies the need to develop or improve materials to produce high specific activity generators. In this paper, alumina was obtained by a solid state method and heat treatments at different conditions. The powders had a microstructure with porous particles of γ, δ, θ and α-Al2O3 phases as well as specific surface area between 36 and 312 m2 g-1. Most interesting results were reached by powders calcined at 900ºC for 5 hours which had high chemical stability and a molybdenum adsorption capacity of 92.45 mg Mo per g alumina.
Exploring New Thermal Fog and Ultra-Low Volume Technologies to Improve Indoor Control of the Dengue Vector,<i>Aedes aegypti</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) (2014)

Control of the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti (L.), inside human habitations must be performed quickly and efficiently to reduce the risk of transmission during dengue outbreaks. As part of abroad study to assess the efficacy of dengue vector control tools for the U.S. Military, two pesticide delivery systems (ultra-low volume [ULV] and thermal fog) were evaluated for their ability to provide immediate control of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with a contact insecticide inside simulated urban structures. An insect growth regulator was also applied to determine how well each sprayer delivered lethal doses of active ingredient to indoor water containers for pupal control. Mortality of caged Ae. aegypti, pesticide droplet size, and droplet deposition were recorded after applications. In addition, larval and pupal mortality was measured from treated water samples for 4 wk after the applications. The ULV and the thermal fogger performed equally well in delivering lethal doses of adulticide throughout the structures. The ULV resulted in greater larval mortality and adult emergence inhibition in the water containers for a longer period than the thermal fogger. Therefore, the ULV technology is expected to be a better tool for sustained vector suppression when combined with an effective insect growth regulator. However, during a dengue outbreak, either delivery system should provide an immediate knockdown of vector populations that may lower the risk of infection and allow other suppression strategies to be implemented.
Improved Modeling of Wide-Band Linear Phase SAW Filters Using Transducers with Curved Fingers (1984)

Reponse de filtres a ondes acoustiques de surface utilisant des transducteurs interdigitaux avec des doigts incurves
On cryosorption pumping of hydrogen with the ZDB–150 type cryopump cooled by a two‐stage closed‐cycle refrigerator (1982)

The ZDB–150 type cryopump with a 150‐mm i.d. flange, cooled by a two‐stage refrigerator, has been developed for pumping hydrogen, which is the major outgassing product of most metals and the main gas load to be removed in some special applications, such as nuclear fusion. In order to improve the pumping performance of this cryopump for hydrogen, several different configurations and geometries of cryosorption panels were designed and tested. On the other hand, the favorable distribution of the refrigeration capacity and temperature at two cold heads of the refrigerator were also considered and tested. This paper presents the test results on pumping speed and pump capacity for hydrogen with forenamed various considerations. In the selected optimum configuration and condition, the maximum pumping speed and capacity, 2400 l/s and 11 000 Torr⋅l, respectively, were reached. It was concluded that enhancing the pumping capability of cryopump for hydrogen is potentially feasible.
1SOCIABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENTERPRISING SOCIALITY (2014)

We are witnessing a proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT) to support the socializing function in human communities. At the same time there has never been a greater need, and a greater opportunity, for socially-based and socially-oriented enterprise. Enterprises and technologies are rapidly co-evolving, driven by the ecosystem of globally integrated enterprises and enabled by such technologies as Web 2.0 and virtual worlds. It is particularly timely at this moment in history to focus on the viewpoint that businesses and other enterprises are fundamentally human social systems. There has been recent emphasis on the importance of services and service economies as we move into an anticipated period of deepening integration of ICT into the fabric of global society. Human capabilities and inter-relationships actually constitute the primary source of value in a world of increasingly urgent problems and opportunities, yet the creation of value by human social systems is often ignored or downplayed. Several theories of human social systems are used to articulate the dimensions of enterprising sociality. A specialized ICT architecture is presented to help understand the dimensions of sociable affordances. These views of both enterprise and technology are then brought together to explore the structural coupling that needs to occur between the organizational and technological domains. Evidence from literature and experience reveals the unexpected power of socializing technologies to enhance and catalyze new ways of pursuing life and work as we move deeper into the 21st Century.
Neuropeptides in the sympathetic system: Presence, plasticity, modulation, and implications (1994)

Neuropeptides are ubiquitous in the sympathetic system and modulate transmission at the levels of the intermediolateral cell column, sympathetic ganglia, and neuroeffector junctions. Several neuropeptide-containing pathways from the hypothalamus and medulla modulate excitability of preganglionic neurons. Neuropeptides coexist with norepinephrine or acetylcholine in subpopulations of chemically coded, target-specific sympathetic ganglion neurons. Neuropeptide Y is colocalized in adrenergic vasoconstrictor neurons, whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is colocalized in cholinergic sudomotor neurons. Neuropeptide expression is plastic; during development, neurons that switch from a noradrenergic to a cholinergic phenotype increase expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, and substance P. Preganglionic inputs increase neuropeptide Y and inhibit substance P expression. Sympathetic denervation produces sprouting of sensory fibers containing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in target tissues. Neuropeptides from preganglionic fibers (e.g., enkephalin) and primary afferents (e.g., substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) modulate transmission in sympathetic ganglia. Neuropeptide Y produces vasoconstriction, prejunctional inhibition of norepinephrine release, and postjunctional potentiation of norepinephrine effects. Plasma neuropeptide Y increases during intense sympathoexcitation, hypertension, and pheochromocytoma. Dystrophic neurites containing neuropeptide Y occur in human sympathetic ganglia during aging, diabetes, and dysautonomia. Sympathetic neuropeptides may thus have important clinical implications.
Favored RLE for Axenic Culture of <i>Neoaplectana glaseri</i> (1961)

Favored RLE for use in promoting growth and development of Neoaplectana glaseri in axenic cultures include those made from the livers of rabbits sacrificed late in pregnancy or early postpartum , and used after subsequent refrigerated storage periods of 15–90 days.