gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facilitating influence of procainamide on conversion of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing (1997)

In a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study we investigated the facilitating influence of intravenous procainamide on conversion of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing. Fifty consecutive patients with spontaneous sustained atrial flutter were 1:1 randomized into two homogenous groups: group A received 10 mg.kg-1 procainamide intravenously, group B placebo. After infusion there was a significant (P < 0.01) lengthening of the flutter cycle with respect to baseline in group A, exceeding the flutter cycle length of the control group (P < 0.05). The overall success rate of rapid atrial pacing in restoring sinus rhythm was significantly higher after pre-treatment with procainamide compared to placebo (100% vs 76%; P < 0.05): 20 patients of group A reverted immediately after pacing to sinus rhythm, the remaining five after a brief episode of atrial fibrillation. In the placebo group, 16 patients showed a prompt conversion to sinus rhythm and three after transient atrial fibrillation. In the remaining six patients, due to sustained pacing-induced atrial fibrillation, direct current cardioversion was necessary. After administration of procainamide a less aggressive stimulation protocol with significantly (P < 0.01) longer paced cycles to interrupt atrial flutter was achievable. In conclusion, intravenous procainamide augments the efficacy of atrial pacing to convert atrial flutter to sinus rhythm.
Structural diversity in (vesicular)–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses (1997)

This review describes diversity in the structure of (vesicular)-arbuscutar (VA) mycorrhizas, i.e. endomycorrhizas formed by Glomalean fungi. In particular, we consider the extent in the plant kingdom of the two classes first described by Gallaud (1905). These are: (1) the Arum-type, defined on the basis of an extensive intercellular phase of hyphai growth in the root cortex and development of terminal arbuscules on intracellular hyphai branches; (2) the Paris-type, defined by the absence of the intercellular phase and presence of extensive intracellular hyphai coils. Arbuscules are intercalary structures on the coils. However, there have been many reports that in Paris-types arbuscules are relatively few in numbers, small, or absent altogether. A survey of the literature has revealed that Paris-types occur more frequently in the plant kingdom than Arum-types and predominate in ferns, gymnosperms and many wild angiosperms. The cultivated herbs that are the subject of much experimental work are mostly Arum-types. Although evidence is still limited, there are differences at the family level. In 41 angiosperm families there are records of only Poris-type VA mycorrhizas and in 30 families records of only Arum-types. Another 21 families have examples of both classes, or intermediates between them. Accordingly, we consider whether the original division into two classes is still useful. We conclude that it is when considering the physiology of the symbiosis and especially the issue of whether different fungus/host interfaces have specialized roles in transfer of inorganic nutrients and organic carbon between the partners, if there is no such specialization between hyphai coils and arbuscules, then the latter might not be necessary<sup>1</sup> for the function of Paris-types. This would account for reports of the infrequency or absence of arbuscules in this class. The control exerted on structures by the genomes of host and fungus, and possible reasons (anatomical and physiological) for the existence of the VA mycorrhizal structures, are discussed. The presence or absence of extensive intercellular spaces and differences in the wall structure of cortical cells might be particularly important in determining which type of VA mycorrhiza is formed. CONTENTS Summary 373 I. Introduction: Arum-types and Pom-types 374 II. Possible functional implications 375 III. Extent of the two classes in the plant kingdom 377 IV. Is the distinction between classes useful? 383 V. The structural basis 383 VI. The role of the fungal genome 384 VII. Physiology revisited 384 VIII. Conclusions 385 Acknowledgements 386 References 386.
The Tobacco<i>BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2</i>Gene Mediates Differentiation of the Corolla Abscission Zone by Controlling Longitudinal Cell Expansion     (2012)

The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been shown to play an essential role in floral abscission by specializing the abscission zone (AZ) anatomy. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie differentiation of the AZ are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) homolog of BOP (designated NtBOP2) and characterized its cellular function. In tobacco plants, the NtBOP2 gene is predominantly expressed at the base of the corolla in an ethylene-independent manner. Both antisense suppression of NtBOP genes and overexpression of NtBOP2 in tobacco plants caused a failure in corolla shedding. Histological analysis revealed that the differentiation of the corolla AZ was blocked in the transgenic flowers. This blockage was due to uncontrolled cell elongation at the region corresponding to wild-type AZ. The role of NtBOP2 in regulating cell elongation was further demonstrated in Bright Yellow 2 single cells: perturbation of NtBOP2 function by a dominant negative strategy led to the formation of abnormally elongated cells. Subcellular localization analysis showed that NtBOP2-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were targeted to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid, firefly luciferase complementation imaging, and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that NtBOP2 proteins interacted with TGA transcription factors. Taken together, these results indicated that NtBOP2 mediated the differentiation of AZ architecture by controlling longitudinal cell growth. Furthermore, NtBOP2 may achieve this outcome through interaction with the TGA transcription factors and via an ethylene-independent signaling pathway.
A 0.13&#x00B5;m CMOS 2.5Gb/s FSK demodulator using injection-locked technique (2009)

A low-power gigabits FSK demodulator using injection-locked technique is employed for 60 GHz wireless communication systems. Compared with the conventional LC tank discriminator, the injection-locked oscillator provides a stable frequency-to-phase transformation for analog non-coherent FSK demodulation. Fabricated in 0.13-mum CMOS technology, this FSK demodulation only occupies a chip area of 0.5times0.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured data rate and the detecting range of the injection-locked FSK demodulator are 2.5 Gbps and plusmn1 GHz respectively. The demodulation input sensitivity is -16 dBm at BER less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> for uncoded 2.5 Gbps 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 PRBS data with 1 GHz frequency deviation while consuming 6 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Studies on Diazabenzobicyclo [3.3.1] nonane System. VII. Synthesis of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-Hexahydro-1, 5-methanobenzo [e][1, 2] diazocine Derivatives and an Example of Abnormal Cleavage of Hydrazide by Lithium Aluminum Hydride (1967)

3-Oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthoic acid obtained by reduction of 3-methoxy-1-naphthoic acid with sodium amalgam was condensed with N-methyl-N-acetylhydrazine to give the corresponding hydrazone (VIII). VIII was submitted to catalytic reduction over Adams catalyst, methylation with formic acid-formalin, hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, esterification with methanol and intramolecular cyclization to afford 3, 4-dimethyl-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-1, 5-methanobenzo [e][1, 2] diazocin-2(1H)-one(XII). Treatment of XII with lithium aluminum hydride gave an abnormally cleft product, 4-methyl-5, 6-dihydro-1H, 4H-1.5-methanobenzo [e][1, 2] diazocine (XVII). XVII was reduced with lithium aluminum hydrode to give 4-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexahydro-1, 5-methanobenzo-[e][1, 2] diazocine (XVIII). Structures of XII, XVII and XVIII were confirmed by chemical as well as spectral methods.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical factors associated with the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients (2011)

Despite the apparently strong association between high-risk categorization and subsequent suicide, the low base rate of in-patient suicide means that predictive value of a high-risk categorization is below 2%. The development of safer hospital environments and improved systems of care are more likely to reduce the suicide of psychiatric in-patients than risk assessment.
Rank deficiency in sparse random GF$[2]$ matrices (2014)

Let $M$ be a random $m \times n$ matrix with binary entries and i.i.d. rows. The weight (i.e., number of ones) of a row has a specified probability distribution, with the row chosen uniformly at random given its weight. Let $\mathcal{N}(n,m)$ denote the number of left null vectors in $\{0,1\}^m$ for $M$ (including the zero vector), where addition is mod 2. We take $n, m \to \infty$, with $m/n \to \alpha > 0$, while the weight distribution converges weakly to that of a random variable $W$ on $\{3, 4, 5, \ldots\}$. Identifying $M$ with a hypergraph on $n$ vertices, we define the 2-core of $M$ as the terminal state of an iterative algorithm that deletes every row incident to a column of degree 1.<br /><br />We identify two thresholds $\alpha^*$ and $\underline{\alpha\mkern-4mu}\mkern4mu$, and describe them analytically in terms of the distribution of $W$. Threshold $\alpha^*$ marks the infimum of values of $\alpha$ at which $n^{-1} \log{\mathbb{E}[\mathcal{N} (n,m)}]$ converges to a positive limit, while $\underline{\alpha\mkern-4mu}\mkern4mu$ marks the infimum of values of $\alpha$ at which there is a 2-core of non-negligible size compared to $n$ having more rows than non-empty columns. We have $1/2 \leq \alpha^* \leq \underline{\alpha\mkern-4mu}\mkern4mu \leq 1$, and typically these inequalities are strict; for example when $W = 3$ almost surely, $\alpha^* \approx 0.8895$ and $\underline{\alpha\mkern-4mu}\mkern4mu \approx 0.9179$. The threshold of values of $\alpha$ for which $\mathcal{N}(n,m) \geq 2$ in probability lies in $[\alpha^*,\underline{\alpha\mkern-4mu}\mkern4mu]$ and is conjectured to equal $\underline{\alpha\mkern-4mu}\mkern4mu$. The random row-weight setting gives rise to interesting new phenomena not present in the case of non-random $W$ that has been the focus of previous work.
Fluidic oscillator design for water removal enhancement in a PEM fuel cell (2006)

This research initiative was triggered by the problems of water management of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In low temperature fuel cells such as PEMFC, some of the water produced after the chemical reaction remains in its liquid state. Excess water produced by the fuel cell must be removed from the system to avoid flooding of the gas diffusion layers (GDL). The GDL is responsible for the transport of reactant gas to the active sites and remove the water produced from the sites. If the GDL is flooded, the supply gas will not be able to reach the reactive sites and the fuel cell fails. The choice of water removal method in this research is to exert a variable asymmetrical force on a liquid droplet. As the drop of liquid is subjected to an external vibrational force in the form of periodic wave, it will begin to oscillate. A fluidic oscillator is capable to produce a pulsating flow using simple balance of momentum fluxes between three impinging jets. By connecting the outputs of the oscillator to the gas channels of a fuel cell, a flow pulsation can be imposed on a water droplet formed within the gas channel during fuel cell operation. The lowest frequency produced by this design is approximately 202 Hz when a 20 inches feed-back port length was used and a supply pressure of 5 psig was introduced. This information was found by setting up a fluidic network with appropriate data acquisition. The components include a fluidic amplifier, valves and fittings, flow meters, a pressure gage, NI-DAQ system, Siglab®, Matlab software and four PCB microphones. The operating environment of the water droplet was reviewed, speed of the sound pressure which travels down the square channel was precisely estimated, and measurement devices were carefully selected. Applicable alternative measurement devices and its application to pressure wave measurement was considered. Methods for experimental setup and possible approaches were recommended, with some discussion of potential problems with implementation of this technique. Some computational fluid dynamic was also performed as an approach to oscillator design.
Effects of Valsalva's Man uvre on the Normal and Failing Circulation (1955)

TRICYCLAMOL CHLORIDE BErrm
INDUCTION OF α-AMYLASE OF <i>BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS</i> BY MALTODEXTRINS (1963)

Welker, N. E. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio) and L. Leon Campbell. Induction of alpha-amylase of Bacillus stearothermophilus by maltodextrins. J. Bacteriol. 86:687-691. 1963.-Technical-grade maltose contained 3.5% glucose, 0.5% maltotriose, and 2.5% of the higher molecular weight maltodextrins. The first five homologues (maltose being the first in the series) of the maltodextrin series were isolated and purified. Each member of the series was found to be chromatographically pure. The physical and chemical properties were determined. It was shown that the contaminating maltodextrins found in technical grade maltose were linear (1-4 linked) polymers of glucose, ranging from maltotriose to maltohexaose. The addition of maltose, maltotriose, maltohexaose, maltopentaose, and maltotetraose (all at 10(-4)m) to cultures growing in a chemically defined medium resulted in a stimulation in the differential rate of alpha-amylase synthesis by 1.2, 1.6, 1.9, 2.3, and 3.0 times that of the sucrose control, while glucose had no effect. The induction data indicate that Bacillus stearothermophilus 1503-4 is a partial constitutive strain with respect to alpha-amylase synthesis.
Chemokines in human colorectal carcinoma. (2005)

Therapeutic studies in colon carcinomas should, therefore, focus more on the neutralization of CKs than on their application.
A Comprehensive Placement and Diversion Model for Matrix Acidizing in Vertical Wells in Heterogeneous Thick Formations (2012)

Diversion methods are routinely used in both matrix acidizing and fracturing stimulation treatments. In this study, we focus on one of the classical mechanical diversion methods, ball sealers. Ball sealer diversion is used in cased and perforated wells to divert stimulation fluids by temporarily blocking perforation holes in the casing with rubber-coated balls. This diversion method can be very effective, but there is no general methodology to design ball sealer diversion, or to evaluate its effectiveness from the treating rate and pressure record.\nExperimental data from an extensive series of full-scale flow experiments conducted by BP were analyzed. One field treatment was analyzed and compared, and a similar trend in seating efficiency was observed. Then, we developed an empirical correlation on the basis of BP experimental data. The correlation enables us to estimate how many ball sealers seat on the perforations. By incorporating this correlation into an acid placement model, we can estimate wormhole penetrations along the wellbore with time. We developed a computer program and studied one hypothetical case to show the usefulness of the ball sealer diversion model.
직업가치 연구동향: 2008-2018년 국내 학술지 논문을 중심으로 (2018)

본 연구는 직업가치 관련 국내 선행연구 분석을 통해 기존연구의 제한점과 연구과제 및 방향을 탐색하고 그에 따른 직업가치 향후 연구의 시사점을 제공하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 최근 약10년간인 2008년부터 2018년 5월까지 국내 학술지에 게재된 직업가치를 제목으로 포함하는 논문 88편의 게재연도, 게재지, 연구대상자, 분석자료 및 방법, 연구주제 및 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째,ﾠ직업가치에 대한 연구는 지속적으로 이루어졌으며, 특히 2012-2014년과 2015-2017년에 논문수가 급격하게 증가하였다.ﾠ둘째, 직업가치의 연구대상은 아동, 중·고등학생, 대학생, 성인 중에 대학생을 가장 많이 연구한 것으로 나타났다.ﾠ셋째, 직업가치 연구방법은 양적연구가 95%이상으로 대다수를 차지하고 있었다.ﾠ넷째, 직업가치 연구내용으로 주제어를 분석한 결과 전체 주제어 374개 중 진로성숙 12회, 내재적 직업가치 7회, 직무만족 7회, 외재적 직업가치 6회, 조직몰입 6회 등의 순으로 출현빈도가 높게 나타났다.ﾠ다섯째, 직업가치 연구결과로 선행변수와 후행변수를 분석한 결과 전체 173개 중 선행변수는 성별 17건, 학년 11건, 전공 7건, 후행변수는 직무만족 6건, 조직몰입 5건, 진로성숙 5건 순으로 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 여섯째, 직업가치 관련 연구가 국내에서 이루어지고 있기는 하나 아직 충분한 양이 축적되지 않았다. HRD분야에서 직업가치에 관심을 가지고ﾠ성인을 대상으로 한 연구 및 양적연구 이외의 연구방법을 사용한 연구 등 직업가치와 관련된 다양한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다.
Oral aspirin in postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review (1999)

There was a clear dose-response for pain relief with aspirin, even though these were single dose studies. Adverse effects, drowsiness and gastric irritation were also evident in the single dose studies. The pain relief achieved with aspirin was very similar milligram for milligram to that seen with paracetamol.
The effect of averaging adjacent planes for artifact reduction in matrix inversion tomosynthesis (2013)

The MITSa7 method is an improvement over traditional single-plane MITS for thoracic imaging and the pulmonary nodule detection task, and thus the authors plan to use the MITSa7 approach for all future MITS research at the authors' institution.
Civil society and the development of political parties in East‐Central Europe (1993)

Following an influential tradition within western political thought, the new parties in east‐central Europe have been viewed with suspicion and have experienced considerable difficulty in establishing themselves. But it is barely possible to conceive of a modern democracy operating without major inputs from reasonably developed and operationally effective political parties. Relatively little attention has, however, yet been paid to the functions they might be expected to perform in post‐communist east‐central Europe and, indeed, to the actual characteristics of a modern political party. There are alternative definitions of parties and contrasting views of their primary features. The contemporary east‐central European context will also exercise a strong influence on development of the new parties. Among the relevant factors here will be the fate of the elements of civil society that contributed to the demise of the former communist regimes.
How Should the Hospital Assign Service Volume to Private Payers Optimally? (2014)

U.S. hospitals are confronted with challenges of increasing service volume demand and inequitable payment by different private payers. Under this circumstance, budgeting the medical service volume efficiently and allocating the volume among private payers strategically becomes very important. Our paper proposes a hospital service volume assignment model to provide feasible solutions for hospitals. We develop our base model in the radiology department that provides comparatively homogenous medical service and involves high fixed cost. Under the fee-for-service payment schedule, the base model suggests that the hospital contracting decision with a private payer (insurance company) depends on an intuitive critical ratio. The critical ratio measures the tradeoff between the outsourcing cost generated from the actual service volume in excess of the capacity and the idling cost generated from the actual service volume below the capacity. Besides the base model, we explore two model extensions. First, we examine the criteria to budget the service volume above or below the service volume capacity. Second, we include the processing cost in the cooperation of the hospital and the insurance company. Efficient algorithms are presented for all models. Our findings provide managerial insight on hospital service volume budgeting decision by incorporating inequitable payment information.
On the SAR and field inhomogeneity of birdcage coils loaded with the human head (1997)

Birdcage coils are widely used as a radiofrequency (RF) resonator in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of their capability to produce a highly homogeneous B1 field over a large volume within the coil. When they are employed for high-frequency MRI, the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the object to be imaged deteriorates the B1-field homogeneity and increases the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the object. To investigate this problem, a finite-element method (FEM) is developed to analyze the SAR and the B1 field in a two-dimensional (2D) model of a birdcage coil loaded with a 2D model of a human head. The electric field, magnetic field, and SAR distributions are shown, and a comprehensive study is carried out for both linear and quadrature birdcage coils at 64, 128, 171, and 256 MHz. It is shown that to generate the same value of the B1 field, the SAR is increased significantly with the frequency, and for the same imaging method the SAR produced by a quadrature coil is significantly lower than that of a linear coil. It is also shown that the B1-field inhomogeneity is increased significantly with the frequency.
Charging of insulators by ion bombardment and its minimization for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements (1976)

The generation of charge build-up, caused by bombardment of insulating samples with energetic particles, and its role in altering the relative secondary-ion currents and reducing their absolute values, sometimes even to zero, are discussed. Proposed methods for charge reduction by bombardment with negative ions or with neutral particles, or by use of an auxiliary electron beam or spray gun, are shown to be not useful in every experimental situation. A further method involving introduction of an auxiliary conducting electrode when using negative primary ions is considered mechanistically, and tested by placing tantalum diaphragms onto the surface of yttrium iron garnet (YIG). The final charging values and mass spectra thus obtained are compared to those measured when using bare and metallic grid-covered surfaces of the same YIG sample. The satisfactory results achieved with the diaphragm show that SIMS analyses of insulators can be performed in a simple, quick, and inexpensive manner.
qing dao shi da gu he gan liu hong shui zi yuan te zheng fen xi (2015)

一、流域概况大沽河发源于烟台市招远阜山,由北向南,于莱西市道子泊村北约500m处入青岛境。干流经过招远市、莱西市、平度市、即墨市、胶州市和城阳区,于胶州市河西屯以南码头村入胶州湾。干流全长179.9km,流域总面积6131.3km2(含南胶莱河1500km2),覆盖烟台、青岛、潍坊三市中招远市、莱州市、栖霞市、莱阳市、莱西市、平度市、即墨市、胶州市、城阳区、胶南市、高密市、
Vascular adhesion molecules in vitreous from eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. (1999)

The present observations suggest that molecular inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to processes of neovascularization and fibrosis observed in PDR, possibly not as the causative event, but as a result of endothelial, Müller, and retinal pigment epithelial cell activation. The results also indicate that retinal detachment amplifies the existing inflammation within the diabetic retina. Identification of any abnormalities in the production and control of specific adhesion molecules could have important implications in the design of new therapeutic regimens to treat and prevent this sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus.