gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the antigens associated with saline solution, potassium thiocyanate, and sodium salicylate extracts of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. (1986)

Pasteurella haemolytica antigenic extracts were made, using saline solution, potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), and sodium salicylate (SS) extraction procedures. Of the 3 techniques, saline solution extraction resulted in the lowest protein concentration and lowest ribonucleic acid-to-protein ratio. The extracts varied in protein:carbohydrate ratios, with the KSCN extract being highest and the saline solution extract the lowest. Each extract contained lipopolysaccharide, as determined by detectable quantities of 2-keto, 3-deoxyoctonate. The saline solution extract contained the fewest protein bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, but contained the highest molecular weight proteins. All 3 extracts were reasonably similar antigenically, as detected by immunoblotting. Many of the protein bands present in the KSCN or SS extracts did not seem to be antigenic. Each extract was subjected to chromatofocusing, and the greatest antigenic peak, for each extract, failed to bind to the exchanger. These highly antigenic peaks, designated as saline solution, KSCN, or SS antigens, were similarly high in carbohydrate content, had similar antigenic-profiles, and contained high molecular weight (greater than 200,000) antigenic material, most likely carbohydrate in nature, as detected by immunoblotting. Inoculation of mice with 1 of the 3 extracts or the saline solution antigen resulted in marked antibody responses; however, protection against intraperitoneal challenge exposure to P haemolytica was minimal.
Taxonomic Studies on a Radio-resistant Pseudomonas (1971)

A radio-resistant Pseudomonas has been isolated from samples of normal unpolished and commercial rice grains. This species could be classified in chromogenic group of genus Pseudomonas. It's taxonomic characteristics were found to be sufficiently different from all the described species in this genus to warrant it's description as a new species and was named as Pseudomonas radiora nov. sp. The radio-resistance of this species was 10 to 40 times higher than that of ordinary species in the genus Pseudomonas such as Ps. fluorescens. The dose at D10 value of the strain No. O-l was ca. 0.14 Mrad, which is similar to that of the Micrococcus radiodurans, and that of the strain No. RP-C was ca. 0.06 Mrad in M/15 phosphate buffer.
Reagents and Synthetic Methods 38. 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridinium Bromide Perbromide as a New Brominating Agent for Organic Compounds (1984)

Abstract A new and stable brominating agent for several organic compounds is described.
Obstacles and approaches in artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps (2018)

Chinese cordyceps, also known as “Dong Chong Xia Cao” in Chinese, which means being worm in winter and herb in summer, is the fruiting body of Ophiocordyceps sinensis developed from the cadaver mum...
Forensic DNA Analysis (2012)

Before the routine use of DNA profiling, blood typing was an important forensic tool. However, blood typing was not very discriminating. For example, roughly 30% of the United States population has type A-positive blood. Therefore, if A-positive blood were found at a crime scene, it could have come from 30% of the population. DNA profiling has a much better ability for discrimination. Forensic laboratories no longer routinely determine blood type. If blood is found at a crime scene, DNA profiling is performed. From Jeffrey's discovery of DNA fingerprinting to the development of PCR of STRs to the formation of DNA databases, our knowledge of DNA and DNA profiling have expanded greatly. Also, the applications for which we use DNA profiling have increased. DNA profiling is not just used for criminal case work, but it has expanded to encompass paternity testing, disaster victim identification, monitoring bone marrow transplants, detecting fetal cells in a mother's blood, tracing human history, and a multitude of other areas. The future of DNA profiling looks expansive with the development of newer instrumentation and techniques.
Review article: Coagulation cascade and therapeutics update: Relevance to nephrology. Part 1: Overview of coagulation, thrombophilias and history of anticoagulants (2009)

Coagulation involves the regulated sequence of proteolytic activation of a series of zymogens to achieve appropriate and timely haemostasis in an injured vessel, in an environment that overwhelmingly favours an anticoagulant state. In the non-pathological state, the inciting event involves exposure of circulating factor VII/VIIa to extravascularly expressed tissue factor, which brings into motion the series of steps which results in amplification of the initial stimulus, culminating in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and clot formation. The precisely synchronized cascade of events is counter-balanced by a system of anticoagulant mechanisms, which serve to ensure that the haemostatic effect is regulated and does not extend inappropriately. Conversely, in pathological states, these events can escape normal control mechanisms, due to either inherited or acquired defects, which lead to thrombosis. Current anticoagulant therapy, although based on medications that have been in existence for upwards of 80 years, is moving towards targeted therapy for specific coagulation factors and events in the coagulation cascade, based on the current knowledge of the main triggers and key events within the series of reactions that culminates in haemostasis. It remains to be seen whether these newer medications will become first-line therapies for thrombosis in the coming decade. This review aims to elucidate the main events within the coagulation cascade as it is currently understood to operate in vivo, with a brief discussion focusing on hypercoagulable states, and also a short review of the history of anticoagulants as they relate to this model.
APPLICATION OF OPTOTHERMAL OPTICALLY BISTABLE DEVICES TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS SWITCHING (1988)

A 1 x 4 spatial switch network, based on bistable nonlinear interference filters and optically controlled route selection, has been demonstrated. Development of similar devices operating with near-ir diode-laser sources is also described.
Normally Distributed Activity Durations in PERT Networks (1985)

It is assumed that activity durations in a PERT network are independent and normal random variables. A simple method of obtaining lower and upper bounds for the expected project completion time is described. The tightness of the bounds is examined for some numerical examples. A problem of applying the method in the case of non-normal distributions of activity times is also discussed.
Two Approaches for Identifying Low-Motivated Students in a Low-Stakes Assessment Context (2011)

Many universities rely on data gathered from tests that are low stakes for examinees but high stakes for the various programs being assessed. Given the lack of consequences associated with many collegiate assessments, the construct-irrelevant variance introduced by unmotivated students is potentially a serious threat to the validity of the inferences that institutions can make from their assessments. Two approaches to evaluating examinee motivation are discussed in this article: a global paper-and-pencil self-report measure of students' motivation across all tests completed during the course of a testing session, and a computer-based method that non-intrusively measures the amount of time students spend on each item in a test. This study presents evidence that the two motivation filtering methods provide similar filtered aggregate test scores, although more data was removed using the global paper-and-pencil self-report technique. Consequently, those interested in motivation filtering may not need to employ computer-based testing techniques but might instead effectively filter data from unmotivated students using self-report measures.
Glider Rescue Systems (2006)

Looking at mid-air accidents of gliders the chance of surviving by bailing out and using the conventional emergency parachute turned out to be less than 50%. A glider parachute rescue system can improve this situation. A parachute decelerates the whole glider with the pilot remaining inside the cockpit and lowers glider and pilot to the ground. Most of the mid-air accidents are collisions. Losing parts of the glider structure results in a diving motion and the speed of the glider increases dramatically. Due to the T-shaped tail unit the parachute must be deployed by an active device such as a rocket or a mortar. To obtain longitudinal static stability during the descent, a pitch down attitude angle of about -30 degrees should be kept. The most critical situations appear during the deployment of the parachute and the impact on the ground. In the high speed range the parachute or the riser may collide with the tail unit and this may damage the tail and produces a nose down pitch rotation with a high negative z-acceleration and a negative angle of attack. For avoiding severe injuries during the ground impact a descent rate of not more than 6m/s is necessary. In case of energy-absorbing parts the descent rate may come up to 8m/s. Flight tests for certifying a glider rescue system are only performable in the low speed range. The parachute, the lines, the rocket or the mortar should be tested without a glider.
A Low-Inference Indicator of Lesson Organization. (1982)

This article reviews research on a low-inference variable related to lesson organization, referred to as kinetic structure or commonality. Kinetic structure significantly affects student achievement as well as student perception of lesson effective ness. Teachers vary greatly in terms of the degrees of kinetic structure their lessons contain. Training programs have been developed to help teachers increase the kinetic structure of their lessons, but such programs have been found to be quite time consuming. Other results concerning kinetic structures are also discussed. A LOW—INFERENCE INDICATOR OF LESSON ORGANIZATION Research on teaching effectiveness indicates that the organization of lessons is an important variable. Bruner (1962,1964) referred to organization in terms of meaning ful relationships among ideas or concepts. He noted that major concepts in a subject matter area can be used to subsume related concepts. Ausubel (1960,1963) related organization to the use of advance organizers that introduce subsuming concepts involving the subject matter. Taba (1962) discussed organization as the relationship between general goals and specific objec tives as well as the interaction between the content and the learning experiences. Skinner (1953) viewed organi zation in terms of a sequence or chain of stimuli, where each stimulus arouses a response and also reinforces the response that preceded the stimulus. Gagne (1970) studied organization as it relates to hierarchical ar rangements of knowledge. Similarly, Bloom (1976) examined learning tasks according to whether they are related sequentially to other learning tasks. Bellack, Kliebard, Hyman, and Smith (1966) studied lesson organization as a series of pedagogical moves that affect subsequent teacher-student interactions. While all of the above research has contributed to the development of the variable investigated in this paper, the work of Deese (1962) has a direct bearing on this variable. Deese examined word associations in terms of whether one concept elicits another concept. For ex ample, the concept piano may elicit the association of the concept symphony and vice versa. Deese also studied concepts in terms of the word associations they have in common. For example, word associations for piano might be note, song, and music. These same associations might also be made for symphony. Deese noted that such concept associations exist in highly organized networks of communication, and he stated that concepts that are associated should appear in communication together (or contiguously).
CLXXXV.—Hydroxynaphthoic acids. Part II (1923)

C. Butler and F. A. Royle, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1923, 123, 1649 DOI: 10.1039/CT9232301649
Kinetics of coupled gamma-hydroxybutyrate oxidation and D-glucuronate reduction by an NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase. (1981)

A highly purified NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase from hamster liver (1) has been found to catalyze a reaction in which the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate is coupled to the reduction of D-glucuronate. In the coupled reaction, NADP+ is required in catalytic rather than stoichiometric amounts. When the coupled reaction is carried out under limiting conditions for the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (i.e. a very low concentration of NADP+ and an inhibitory concentration of NADPH) the rate of gamma-hydroxybutyrate oxidation is determined by the concentration of D-glucuronate and can be stimulated at least 8-fold by D-glucuronate. The kinetics of the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate have been studied in both the uncoupled and the coupled reaction. In the coupled reaction the reduction of D-glucuronate drives the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate; the Km for NADP+ is markedly lower than the Km determined in the uncoupled reaction (1.4 X 10(-6) M as compared to 2 X 10(-5) M), and the inhibition by NADPH can be completely overcome. The kinetics of the uncoupled reaction suggest that, unlike many other dehydrogenases, the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate catalyzed by this enzyme proceeds by a Rapid Equilibrium Random Bi Bi mechanism.
BUILD, BUILD, BUILD (2001)

SUBTITLE: AMERICAN AIRLINES IS PUSHING HARD FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE WHILE TYING IN ITS TWA ACQUISITION JUST AS THE US ECONOMY GOES SOFT. FICKLE FORTUNE OR GOOD TIMING? DON CARTY, CEO, IN CONFIDENT MOOD, TALKS TO RUSSELL STEVENS.
Guinier camera for single crystal investigation (1972)

The principle and applications of a new single crystal X-ray camera designed for the Guinier method are reported. Contrary to conventional single-crystal methods using a focusing monochromator, the new camera yields sharp focusing over the entire range of 2θ and an obvious increase in sharpness compared with Guinier powder photographs. Moreover a considerable reduction of the exposure time is attained. Using a single crystal, the clarity of a diffraction pattern may be increased to a considerable degree: by an appropriate choice of crystal position and oscillation angle, it is possible to record only those reflexions of particular interest. Further applications of the camera to small-angle scattering, photography of the mosaic spread and topographical mapping are given.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Children: Report of Four Cases (1978)

Four children had vertebral osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Abdominal signs and fever were frequent clinical manifestations. Back pain was an uncommon symptom except as a late manifestation in one patient. The portal of entry of the organism generally was not apparent. Location of infection was in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. Diagnosis was based on roentgenographic changes, radionuclide imaging, and bacteriologic corroboration. We conclude that symptoms and signs of vertebral osteomyelitis in children can be atypical and that a diligent attempt to rapidly diagnose and promptly treat this condition will prevent orthopedic and neurotogic sequelae.
Evaluating Uses Of Information Technology In Health Care Administration (2011)

<span>This paper examines the distributional properties of stock returns in the Nigerian stock market. Because emerging stock markets present several institutional, political and economic barriers, we hypothesize that the structural adjustment program begun in 1986 resulted in a sustained increase in the variability of stock returns. Conventional variance homogeneity tests could not reject the hypothesis of changing volatility in the security returns process. However, the Lagrange multiplier test reveals the presence of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) effect in the stock returns.</span>
CIDNP Determination of the Rate of In-Cage Deprotonation of the Triethylamine Radical Cation (2003)

CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) effects in the sensitized photoreactions of triethylamine DH (sensitizers A, 9,10-anthraquinone and 2,7-dinitrofluorenone) are investigated in a series of aprotic solvents of widely varying relative permittivity ε, including mixtures of acetonitrile and chloroform. The dependence of the polarization pattern, that is, the relative polarization intensities of the olefinic α- and β-protons in the reaction product N,N-diethylvinylamine, on ε is studied quantitatively by evaluating the polarization ratio r of these protons. The factor responsible for the change of the polarization pattern is the rate, relative to the kinetic window of CIDNP, of in-cage deprotonation of the triethylamine radical cation by the sensitizer radical anion (rate constant kdep), which converts the initially formed radical ion pair into a neutral radical pair . A theory of pair substitution taking place solely during encounters of the radicals is presented. Based on this, an expression for the dependence of r on kdep is derived, which in turn allows the extraction of kdep from the experimentally observed polarization ratio. The accessible range of kdep in these systems is from about 108 to about 1010 M-1 s-1.
Pervious Concrete Pile: An Innovation Ground Improvement Alternative (2013)

Granular piers are commonly used to improve the mechanical properties and allow for consolidation and drainage of soft clays, silts, and loose sands. The response of granular piers; however, depends on confining stress provided by the surrounding soil, which limits their use in very soft clays, silts, and organic and peat soils. If a material has higher stiffness and strength with properties independent of surrounding soil, and adequate permeability, it will be more suitable to improve sites with poor soil conditions. This research focuses on developing an innovative ground improvement method using pervious concrete piles. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the properties of pervious concrete material. Furthermore, large-scale vertical load tests have been conducted to compare the response of a granular pier with a pervious concrete pile and to compare the response of pervious concrete piles installed using two different methods (one with precast pile and the other using a method simulating in-situ or field installation techniques). This paper summarizes the results of the material tests and the preliminary vertical load tests.
The medical treatment of colorectal cancer: actual status and new developments. (1999)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies and one of the greatest causes of cancer death in the Western world. The prognosis is determined by the stage at diagnosis. Patients with metastatic colon cancer have a bad prognosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid is actually considered as the standard treatment in patients with metastatic disease. Although the survival benefit is relatively small, many patients can benefit from this treatment in terms of tumor regression or symptom improvement. Several new drugs are actually in development and create hope for improved tumor or symptom control and longer survival. Thymidylate synthase inhibitors (raltitrexed), topoisomerase I inhibitors (irinotecan), the oral 5-FU prodrugs (capecitabine, UFT), ethynyluracil, and oxaliplatin are promising new drugs. The challenge will be to determine the best combination of these new drugs and the exact sequence in which these drugs will be used. Adjuvant post-operative chemotherapy in colon cancer is one of the most important advances in oncology that has been introduced into the clinic during the last years. For rectal cancer, an adjuvant treatment should consist of a combined chemo-radiotherapy. The search for better prognostic factors for recurrence should help to focus on a better adjuvant treatment for patients with the highest risk for recurrence.
A Broadband and High Gain Metamaterial Microstrip Antenna (2010)

A braod bandwidth and high gain rectangular patch antenna was specifically designed in this paper using planar-patterned metamaterial concepts.Based on an ordinary patch antenna, the antenna has isolated triangle gaps and crossed strip-line gaps etched on the metal patch and ground plane, respectively.Demonstrated to have left-handed characteristics, the patterned metal patch and finite ground plane form a coupled capacitive-inductive circuit of negative index metamaterial.It is shown to have great impact on the antenna performance enhancement in terms of the bandwidth significantly broadened from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz, and also in terms of high efficiency, low loss and low voltage standing wave ratio.Experimental data show a reasonably good agreement between the simulation and measured results.This antenna has strong radiation in the horizontal direction for some specifical applications within the entire band.
Cover Image (2017)

[Image: see text] COVER ILLUSTRATION:Impaired functional networks following sleep deprivation. A novel approach for making group inferences based on sparse representation of resting‐state fMRI data was proposed to identify overlapping functional networks changed in sleep deprivation. The thalamus was observed to contribute to multiple functional systems in which differentiated response patterns were exhibited.
Key regulators in prostate cancer identified by co-expression module analysis (2014)

Collectively, our results indicated that genes with similar functions may play important roles in disease through co-expression, and modules with different functions could be regulated by similar genetic components, such as TFs and microRNAs, in a synergistic manner.
Phthalazin-2-ylidenes As Cyclic Amino Aryl Carbene Ligands in Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes (2010)

The direct metalation of phthalazinium halides with [Rh(tBuO)(COD)]2 or [Ir(tBuO)(COD)]2 led to the isolation of stable [MCl(phthalazin-2-ylidene)X(COD)] (M = Rh, Ir) as a new family of cyclic amino aryl carbene transition metal complexes. The X-ray diffraction analysis of several representatives systematically revealed a relatively short C(aryl)−C(carbene) bond distance of 1.44−1.46 Å, shorter than the typical C(sp2)−C(sp2) single bond, indicating some electron density delocalization from the π system of the aryl ring over the vacant carbene orbital.
New Set of Tetrahedral Covalent Radii (1970)

A table of additive covalent radii for tetrahedrally coordinated crystals is obtained by simple quantum-mechanical considerations using the bond lengths of the four diamond-type crystals and only two free parameters. The 39 bond lengths so obtained agree with experiment with an rms error of less than 1%. The extension of these considerations to other crystal structures and to molecules is considered. These radii should be useful for estimating lattice distortions produced by isoelectronic impurities.
User-Directed Screen Reading for Context Menus on Freeform Text (2003)

This paper proposes a variation on existing screen-reading technology to help sighted users automate common operations. When the user wants to perform an operation related to some displayed text, the user can direct the window system to read text near the mouse pointer and offer possible actions. This can be considered an extension of the context menu applied to freeform text instead of GUI objects. The proof-of-concept implementation of this technique helps the user make appointments based on dates and times mentioned in e-mail.
Optimisation of channel thickness in strained Si/SiGe MOSFETs (2004)

It is demonstrated from experimental I-V and C-V data, and confirmed by computer simulation, that strained Si/SiGe MOSFET performance severely degrades below a channel thickness of 7 nm. MOSFETs with strained Si channels of thickness 5 nm, 7 nm and 9 nm have been fabricated using a conventional high thermal budget process. The performance degradation is attributed to Ge diffusion through the strained Si layer, which causes a build up of gate oxide charge.