gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variational Autoencoder for 3D Voxel Compression (2020)

3D scene sensing and understanding is a fundamental task in the field of computer vision and robotics. One widely used representation for 3D data is a voxel grid. However, explicit representation of 3D voxels always requires large storage space, which is not suitable for light-weight applications and scenarios such as robotic navigation and exploration. In this paper we propose a method to compress 3D voxel grids using an octree representation and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). We first capture a 3D voxel grid -in our application with collaborating Realsense D435 and T265 cameras. The voxel grid is decomposed into three types of octants which are then compressed by the encoder and reproduced by feeding the latent code into the decoder. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method by two applications: scene reconstruction and path planning.
Study of Form Control Algorithm in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing (2014)

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing (APPP) has demonstrated that it can achieve high removal rate and induce no sub-surface damage on the silica based material of optical surface. Compared with traditional mechanical polishing and ion beam figuring, APPP technology is cost effective and very promising in the optics fabrication field. In principle, Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing can be described by the two-dimensional convolution equation with dwell time function and plasma removal function. Thus, dwell time function can be solved theoretically by the process of de-convolution, which is the essence of form control algorithm. First, this paper compares and analyzes common de-convolution algorithms by the simulated processing. From the simulation results, the algorithm based on the principle of image restoration has good solving speed, high calculation accuracy. Therefore, we choose it as the form control algorithm for Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing. However, the high temperature of plasma plume results in the non-linear relationship between the removal depth and time, further affecting the stability of the algorithm. Then, using the actual experiment data, we build the nonlinear relationship function model to compensate the heat effect in the algorithm. Finally, the modified algorithm is verified by the 7um uniform removal on the fused silica using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing.
Experimental Study of Integrated Ebullated-bed and Fixed-bed for Hydrotreating Mid-Low Temperature Coal Tar to Clean Fuel (2016)

A new hydrotreating technology integrating the ebullated-bed (EB) and the fixed-bed (FB) hydrogenation was proposed to investigate the efficiency for hydrotreating mid- low-temperature coal tar to clean fuel, and multiple tests at the bench scale were carried out. The results showed that the distillates obtained from EB reactors were greatly upgraded and could meet the requirements of FB unit without discarding any tail oil. The naphtha produced from FB reactors could befed to the catalytic reforming unit, while a high quality diesel was also obtained. The unconverted oil (UCO) could be further hydrocracked to clean fuel. It is found that the removal of impurities from the coal tar oil is related with the molecular aggregation structure and composition of the coal tar. Application of the integrated hydrotreating technology to the hightemperature coal tar processing demonstrated that more than half of heavy components could be effectively upgraded.
Cognitive Predictors of Everyday Functioning in Older Adults: Results From the ACTIVE Cognitive Intervention Trial (2011)

Inductive reasoning is an important determinant of current everyday functioning in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that successful performance in daily tasks is critically dependent on executive cognitive function. On the other hand, baseline memory function is more important in determining change over time in everyday functioning, suggesting that some participants with low baseline memory function may reflect a subgroup with incipient progressive neurologic disease.
Synthesis of WTe<sub>2</sub> Nanowires with Increased Electron Scattering (2019)

Tungsten ditelluride (WTe<sub>2</sub>) has many interesting properties such as its extremely large nonsaturating magnetoresistance and quantum spin Hall state in the monolayer limit. The anisotropic crystal structure of WTe<sub>2</sub> can allow for isolation of particular crystal directions to study the predicted Weyl states or crystal-symmetry-dependent magnetoresistance when studied at limited dimensions. In particular, the recent demonstration of superconductivity in WTe<sub>2</sub> monolayer suggests that realizing nanowire geometry for WTe<sub>2</sub> may be important to investigate potential Majorana zero modes predicted in one-dimensional topological superconductors. In this work, we demonstrate a large-yield, low-temperature synthesis of WTe<sub>2</sub> nanowires, an approximate one-dimensional system, by converting WO<sub>3</sub> nanowires via tellurization. The nanowires are single crystalline and have a higher resistivity than WTe<sub>2</sub> exfoliated flakes with similar thickness. The increased resistivity is attributed to increased scattering from imperfect surfaces and higher surface-to-volume ratios of the WTe<sub>2</sub> nanowires. We demonstrate that the synthesis method is generalizable to other transition-metal dichalcogenides, laying the foundation for further study of this class of materials in the one-dimensional limit.
Nuclear powered Mars cargo transport mission utilizing advanced ion propulsion (1987)

Nuclear-powered ion propulsion technology was combined with detailed trajectory analysis to determine propulsion system and trajectory options for an unmanned cargo mission to Mars in support of manned Mars missions. A total of 96 mission scenarios were identified by combining two power levels, two propellants, four values of specific impulse per propellant, three starting altitudes, and two starting velocities. Sixty of these scenarios were selected for a detailed trajectory analysis; a complete propulsion system study was then conducted for 20 of these trajectories. Trip times ranged from 344 days for a xenon propulsion system operating at 300 kW total power and starting from lunar orbit with escape velocity, to 770 days for an argon propulsion system operating at 300 kW total power and starting from nuclear start orbit with circular velocity. Trip times for the 3 MW cases studied ranged from 356 to 413 days. Payload masses ranged from 5700 to 12 300 kg for the 300 kW power level, and from 72 200 to 81 500 kg for the 3 MW power level.
FK506 Maturation Involves a Cytochrome P450 Protein-Catalyzed Four-Electron C-9 Oxidation in Parallel with a C-31<i>O</i>-Methylation (2013)

FK506, structurally similar to FK520 and rapamycin, is an α-keto amide bonding-containing, macrolide natural product that exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity and moderate antifungal activity. FK506 biosynthesis requires a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) system to construct the skeleton of the macrolide. The mechanism for tailoring this macrolide to furnish FK506 remains poorly understood. In this study, we report a maturation paradigm common for FK506, FK520, and rapamycin, by characterizing two conserved regiospecific, post-PKS-NRPS modifications in an FK506-producing Streptomyces tsukubaensis strain. A cytochrome P450 protein, FkbD, catalyzes a less common, four-electron oxidation at C-9 to give a rarely found α-keto amide group, whereas a methyltransferase, FkbM, is responsible for O-methylation at C-31 to afford a methoxy group. Both FkbD and FkbM are highly tolerant in their substrate choice; therefore, the order of FkbD- and FkbM-catalyzed reactions is interchangeable in the FK506 biosynthetic pathway. Inactivation of fkbD produced a new intermediate, 9-deoxo-FK506, which displayed antifungal activity lower than that of FK506. Taking previously reported bioassay results regarding the intermediates 9-deoxo-31-O-demethyl-FK506 and 31-O-demethyl-FK506 into account, it is clear that the modifications catalyzed by FkbD and FkbM are of importance to reach the full biological activity of FK506 by forming a key structure motif that is necessary for interaction of the molecule with the receptor and, subsequently, the downstream intracellular responses.
Activities of Antifungal Agents against Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi: Assessment according to the Methodology of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2008)

We compared the activities of antifungal agents against a wide range of yeasts and filamentous fungi. The methodology of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for yeasts and spore-forming molds was applied; and a total of 349 clinical isolates of Candida spp., other yeast species, Aspergillus spp., and nondermatophyte non-Aspergillus spp. were investigated. The average geometric mean (GM) of the MICs of the various drugs for Candida spp. were as follows: amphotericin B (AMB), 0.55 microg/ml; liposomal amphotericin B (l-AMB); 0.35 microg/ml; itraconazole (ITC), 0.56 microg/ml; voriconazole (VRC), 0.45 microg/ml; posaconazole (POS), 0.44 microg/ml; and caspofungin (CPF), 0.45 microg/ml. The data indicated that the majority of Candida spp. were susceptible to the traditional and new antifungal drugs. For Aspergillus spp., the average GM MICs of AMB, l-AMB, ITC, VRC, POS, and CPF were 1.49 microg/ml, 1.44 microg/ml, 0.65 microg/ml, 0.34 microg/ml, 0.25 microg/ml, and 0.32 microg/ml, respectively. For the various zygomycetes, the average GM MICs of AMB, l-AMB, ITC, and POS were 1.36 microg/ml, 1.42 microg/ml, 4.37 microg/ml, and 1.65 microg/ml, respectively. Other yeastlike fungi and molds displayed various patterns of susceptibility. In general, the minimal fungicidal concentrations were 1 to 3 dilutions higher than the corresponding MICs. POS, AMB, and l-AMB showed activities against a broader range of fungi than ITC, VRC, and CPF did. Emerging pathogens such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Fusarium solani were not killed by any drug. In summary, the EUCAST data showed that the in vitro susceptibilities of yeasts and filamentous fungi are variable, that susceptibility occurs among and within various genera and species, and that susceptibility depends on the antifungal drug tested. AMB, l-AMB, and POS were active against the majority of pathogens, including species that cause rare and difficult-to-treat infections.
Highly thermal-stable and functional cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils produced using fully recyclable organic acids (2016)

Concentrated solid dicarboxylic acid hydrolysis for producing highly thermal-stable and carboxylated cellulose nanomaterials with complete acid recovery.
Pharmacologic aspects of homofolate derivatives in relation to amethopterin-resistant murine leukemia. (1966)

Summary Homofolate, dihydrohomofolate, and tetrahydrohomofolate have been examined for antileukemic activity against murine leukemia L1210 and an antifolate-resistant variant which is characterized by high levels of dihydrofolate reductase. Homofolate and dihydrohomofolate are regarded as potential substrates for a lethal synthesis by dihydrofolate reductase within the resistant cells because tetrahydrohomofolate, the end product of the reaction, is a potent inhibitor, in vitro , of thymidylate synthetase. With the limited treatment schedules employed, the antileukemic activities of homofolate and dihydrohomofolate were not definitive. When tetrahydrohomofolate was administered daily at a dose level of 400 mg/kg, it increased considerably the survival time of mice inoculated with the antifolate-resistant variant of L1210. At the same dose level it had much less effect against the parent sensitive strain. The antileukemic effect of tetrahydrohomofolate was reversed by 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. A single dose of 300 mg of homofolate/kg resulted in lethal toxicity to the mice, whereas multiple doses of 400 mg of dihydrohomofolate or tetrahydrohomofolate/kg caused no visible toxicity. The antileukemic activity of amethopterin was not altered by homofolate under the conditions employed. The prolongation of the survival time of leukemic mice by amethopterin was diminished by the concomitant administration of nontoxic and therapeutically inactive doses of dihydrohomofolate and tetrahydrohomofolate. However, the reduction in survival time by the reduced derivatives of homofolate was not as extensive as that produced by 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. In mice, pharmacokinetic studies showed that tetrahydrohomofolate had a plasma half life of about 50 min.
Trellis lengths and truncation depths for TBCC decoders in mobile WiMAX (2009)

The circular decoding algorithm is a simple and effective decoding method for tail-biting convolutional codes, which are the mandatory error-correcting codes in the mobile WiMAX standard. The performance of the circular decoding algorithm is evaluated for mobile WiMAX systems under different choices of truncation depth and decoding trellis length. A rule of thumb for the choice of the trellis length is also obtained.
Transcriptional analysis of hnRNPA0, A1, A2, B1, and A3 in lung cancer cell lines in response to acidosis, hypoxia, and serum deprivation conditions (2013)

The ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) have important roles in multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism and in the regulation of different cellular processes. Abnormal expression of hnRNPs has been reported in several types of cancer including lung, pancreatic, and gastric carcinomas. Heterogenous tumor cell populations generate a tumor microenvironment that can present normoxic, hypoxic, or acidic regions. The analysis of hnRNP transcriptional responses considering the changing nature of the tumor microenvironment is important to understand tumor cell survival under stress conditions. We analyzed the transcriptional response of hnRNPA0, A1, A2, B1, and A3 in lung tumor cell lines under acidosis, hypoxia, and serum deprivation conditions. We used qRT-PCR to obtain a relative quantification of the hnRNPA/B transcript levels. We found that the hnRNPA2 transcript was the most abundant, followed by B1, A0, and A1. Expression of hnRNPA3 was the lowest, although its transcript levels were the most constant. hnRNPA/B transcript levels in lung tumor cell lines responded to changes in the microenvironment; however, hnRNPB1 transcript levels relative to hnRNPA2 expression did no change in all tested stress conditions, indicating that the alternative splicing between these isoforms was constant. hnRNPA1, A2, and B1 transcript levels were upregulated under serum deprivation conditions; possibly to promote a migration phenotype. Our data provide new insights into the transcriptional responses of ribonucleoproteins that might favor tumor cell survival and migration.
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of isolated knee chondral lesions: design of a randomised controlled pilot study comparing arthroscopic microfracture versus arthroscopic microfracture combined with postoperative mesenchymal stem cell injections (2015)

Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR Trial ID: ACTRN12614000812695).
Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma (2011)

OSD is common in treated glaucoma patients causing symptoms and signs that may impact on a patient's quality of life. Treatment is directed towards any underlying disease process and the use of preservative-free or non-BAK-preserved glaucoma preparations.
A Research Design for Exploring Retail Locations for Commercial Banks in Hong Kong (1986)

The results of a first attempt in Hong Kong to set up a systematic procedure to search for profitable retail locations for setting up branches of commercial banks are reported, using a local Chinese bank as an example. It is possible to identify customer profiles, chart trading area patterns, create a market share estimation model and calculate the profitability of possible areas for setting up a new branch in order to develop a priority list for consideration in retail branching. Undertaking such research in developing countries is quite different from that in developed countries, due to the lack of data and research facilities. Experience from this attempt should be instructive to banking practitioners working in other newly industrialised countries.
Microarchitecture support for improving the performance of load target prediction (1997)

Presents a load target prediction scheme that mitigates the impact of load latency for modern microprocessors. The scheme uses a cache-like buffer to provide the base address, offset and operand size at the instruction fetching stage of a pipeline so that a load target address can be computed earlier at the decode stage. With the dynamic use of a load stride, the scheme has achieved a prediction rate that is 15% higher than a previously proposed approach. By providing a 128-entry direct-mapped load-prediction buffer, two adders and two forwarding paths, for a 4-fetch processor the scheme provides an average speedup of 10% to 32% in performance improvement as the data cache latency increases from 2 cycles to 4 cycles. A bit-array design that supports multiple-cast writes and eliminates the associative logic commonly used in base register caching is developed for the prediction scheme.
Two Cases of Biodegradable Suture Anchor Displacement Diagnosed with Ultrasonography following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2015)

With the advancement of shoulder arthroscopy, use of biodegradable suture anchors in the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears has increased. Because of the radiolucency of these anchors, radiography is not appropriate for early detection of anchor failure. Ultrasonography is an advantageous modality in visualizing biodegradable, radiolucent anchors on a real-time basis without risk of radiation exposure. We report on two cases of displacement of a biodegradable suture anchor diagnosed on ultrasonography during the postoperative follow-up, which has not been previously reported. Because this displacement could be missed in the postoperative follow up ultrasonography, we describe the ultrasonographic features of the displaced biodegradable anchors. Surgeons and radiologists should pay special attention to the possibility of displacement of the suture anchor in patients who underwent rotator cuff repairs using suture anchors.
Utilization of BG90-2, resistant to rice leaf blight. (1990)

Teres cardiopexy was compared with Nissen fundoplication in a prospective randomized study of surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease refractory to medical treatment. Follow-up at 3 months of ten patients undergoing each procedure showed good clinical results and improvement of the mean symptom score in both groups, for cardiopexy from 7.8 to 1.1 (P < 0.01) and for fundoplication from 5.7 to 0.2 (P < 0.01). After 1 year, six of the ten patients undergoing cardiopexy required a second antireflux procedure because of recurrent disease, whereas one reoperation was performed after fundoplication. The mean symptom score after 1 year was higher in patients submitted to cardiopexy than in those receiving fundoplication (3.9 versus 0.3, P < 0.01). The mean endoscopic oesophagitis score after 1 year was no different from preoperative values after cardiopexy (1.9 versus 1.9) but was significantly lower after fundoplication (1.5 versus 0.3, P = 0.01). Ambulatory 24-h pH monitoring showed a significantly higher proportion of total time at pH < 4 after cardiopexy than fundoplication (24.0 versus 3.8 per cent, P < 0.05). Cardiopexy is significantly less effective than fundoplication for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease assessed at 1-year follow-up. This study does not support the use of cardiopexy either in conventional or laparoscopic antireflux surgery.
Steady state and transient solutions of the nonlinear forced shallow water equations in one space dimension (2009)

LAS ECUACIONES UNIDIMENSIONALES DE AGUA POCO PROFUNDA ADMITEN SOLUCIONES DE ESTADO PERMANENTE PARA UN FORZAMIENTO DADO QUE ES INDEPENDIENTE DEL TIEMPO. CUANDO EL FORZAMIENTO ES SUFICIENTEMENTE PEQUENO SE OBTIENEN TRES SOLUCIONES PERIODICAS, DE LAS CUALES DOS TIENEN VELOCIDADES NUMERICAS ALTAS Y LA TERCERA UNA VELOCIDAD UN POCO MAS BAJA. SE DAN EJEMPLOS DE SOLUCIONES PARA PATRONES SENCILLOS DE FORZAMIENTO. LAS ECUACIONES UNIDIMENSIONALES NO LINEALES SE SIMPLIFICAN DE LA MANERA USUAL, DESPRECIANDO EL TERMINO ADVECTIVO EN LA ECUACION DE CONTINUIDAD Y REMPLAZANDO EL GEOPOTENCIAL CON UNA CONSTANTE CUANDO NO ESTA DIFERENCIADO. SE MUESTRA QUE ESTAS ECUACIONES TIENEN SOLAMENTE UNA SOLUCION DE ESTADO PERMANENTE QUE ES SEMEJANTE A LA SOLUCION DE BAJA VELOCIDAD EN EL SISTEMA MAS GENERAL. LAS APROXIMACIONES ACTUAN ASI COMO UN FILTRO DE SOLUCIONES DE ALTA VELOCIDAD. LAS SOLUCIONES DE LAS ECUACIONES SIMPLIFICADAS SE OBTIENEN POR FORMULACION DE LAS ECUACIONES EN EL ESPACIO DE NUMERO DE ONDA. LOS EJEMPLOS INDICAN QUE UN MAXIMO NUMERO DE ONDA DE 30 ES SUFICIENTE PARA OBTENER SOLUCIONES CON BASTANTE EXACTITUD.
Balancing Maritime Security and Freedom of Navigation on the High Seas: A Study of the Multilateral Negotiation Process in Action (2005)

In light of concern about the use of ships in terrorist activities, the International Maritime Organization has undertaken a review of the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988 to ensure that it provides an appropriate legal framework to counter such a use. This paper examines the process by which special provisions authorizing the boarding of a ship on the high seas by a State other than the flag State, when there are grounds for believing the ship may be involved in a terrorist activity, have been negotiated to respect the jurisdictional claims of the flag State as well as the legitimate interests of innocent ship owners and seafarers. Using a single article from a new treaty-in-progress as an example, this paper provides a detailed, inside look at modern, multilateral negotiation in action.
Autonomous Robot Control Using Evidential Reasoning (2007)

Evidence theory has been widely applied to uncertainty reasoning. In this paper a finite state machine with evidential reasoning is proposed to control autonomous robots. The Khepera robot is used to demonstrate the control system. The experimental results show that the control system is able to automatically control the robot behaviours via evidential control rules, which can be designed by humans or automatically extracted using machine learning approaches. Therefore, the control system provides an efficient approach to transfer human knowledge to an autonomous robot.
인산염과 철환원제를 이용한 6가 크롬오염토양의 고정화 특성 연구 (2005)

6가 크롬오염토양의 고정화를 목적으로 인산염 제제로 처리하였을 때의 크롬 제거 가능성을 연구하였다. 일반적으로 6가 크롬은 3가 크롬보다 산화력이 강하기 때문에 독성이 더 크며 높은 용해도를 가지고 있다. 따라서 6가 크롬을 3가 크롬으로 환원시키기 위하여 환원제인 Fe(II)을 사용하였으며 토양내 크롬의 이동성을 감소시키고 고정화시키기 위하여 인산염 제제를 이용하였다. 토양내 pH를 상승시켜줄 뿐만 아니라 인산염 제제와 같이 중금속을 고정화 시켜주는 역할로서 알칼리제제를 사용하였다. 액상실험에서 500mg/L로 오염된 용액에 크롬, 2가 철, 인산염, 생석회를 1:3:1:3의 몰비율로 반응시켰을 때 99.99%의 제거효율을 보였다. 500mg/kg으로 오염된 크롬인공오염토양을 대상으로 크롬과 2가철, 인산염, 생석회의 몰비율을 1:1:1:6로 혼합하였을 때 토양 내 크롬 제거율은 99.26%로 측정되었다.