gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion-force effects in interfacial premelting of ice (1995)

We calculate the van der Waals contribution to the surface free energy of ice-water-substrate systems as a model for interfacial melting. The result for each substrate is the excess surface free energy per unit area F(L) as a function of the thickness L of a hypothetical water layer between the ice and the substrate. A minimum in this funciton as L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} is a necessary condition for complete interfacial melting, equivalent to complete wetting at the melting point. Retarded potential effects ensure that this condition is fulfilled for large L, a consequence of the relative refractive indices of ice, water, and the substrates in the visible. Whether or not complete melting occurs for a given substrate depends on the interactions at short range. When taken alone, the van der Waals interaction predicts incomplete melting, via a global minimum at finite L, for some substrates, and complete melting for others. We have carried out the calculation for cases in which the materials in contact with ice are conductors (gold, copper, silver, tungsten, silicon), dielectric crystals (MgO, sapphire, fused quartz), and polymers polyvinylchloride, Teflon, polystyrene, among others), and find examples of both behaviors. Where complete melting is indicated, the interfacial interactions will stabilize a finite thickness liquid film at temperatures below the melting point. We find that these thicknesses are small at temperatures below -0.1 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, and we compare our results to experimental observations. Using a simple model, we find that electrical interactions, if present, can be much stronger than the van der Waals interaction.
Mycotoxin Contamination of Corn: What it is, what it does to pigs and what can be done about it (2010)

Mycotoxins in corn are produced by certain molds which infect the ears of corn. Molds may be present without the production of mycotoxins, but mycotoxins cannot be produced in the absence of molds
Site-Specific Transformation of Drosophila via ϕC31 Integrase-Mediated Cassette Exchange (2006)

Position effects can complicate transgene analyses. This is especially true when comparing transgenes that have inserted randomly into different genomic positions and are therefore subject to varying position effects. Here, we introduce a method for the precise targeting of transgenic constructs to predetermined genomic sites in Drosophila using the C31 integrase system in conjunction with recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). We demonstrate the feasibility of this system using two donor cassettes, one carrying the yellow gene and the other carrying GFP. At all four genomic sites tested, we observed exchange of donor cassettes with an integrated target cassette carrying the mini-white gene. Furthermore, because RMCE-mediated integration of the donor cassette is necessarily accompanied by loss of the target cassette, we were able to identify integrants simply by the loss of mini-white eye color. Importantly, this feature of the technology will permit integration of unmarked constructs into Drosophila, even those lacking functional genes. Thus, C31 integrase-mediated RMCE should greatly facilitate transgene analysis as well as permit new experimental designs.
SELECTIVE TONE RESERVATION METHOD FOR PAPR REDUCTION OF SPATIALLY MULTIPLEXED OFDM SYSTEMS (2012)

Tone Reservation (TR) is one of the well-known methods for PAPR reduction of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this method some sub-carriers are reserved for PAPR reduction and the symbols in these sub-carriers are selected such that the PAPR of the OFDM frame is minimized. In this paper, the iterative algorithm introduced earlier for TR method in single antenna OFDM systems is extended to multiple antenna Spatially Multiplexed OFDM (SM-OFDM) systems. In the proposed method, which is called selective TR, in each iteration the peak reduction symbols of the antenna with maximum PAPR are updated. Simulation results show that using this approach leads to the performance improvement in comparison to the case where TR method is applied independently to all of antennas.
Ranking the local invariant features for the robust visual saliencies (2008)

Local invariant feature based methods have been proven to be effective in computer vision for object recognition and learning. But for an image, the number of points detected and to be matched may be very large, or even redundantly represent the shape information present. Since selective attention is a basic mechanism of the visual system, we explore whether there is a subset of salient points that can be robustly detected and matched. We propose a method to rank the redundant local invariant features. The results prove that the top ranked points capture the salient information effectively. The method can be used as a pre-processing step for the Bag-of-Feature based methods or graph based methods. Here they simplify the complexity of the processes, such as training, matching and tracking.
Operation Bootstrap — Reflections of a Staff Developer (1984)

ABSTRACT This article considers, from the point of view of an experienced staff developer, several aspects of tertiary education. It touches on the question of whether teachers are born and not made; some reasons for refusing to learn about learning; the continuing grip of the Middle Ages; the possibility of reorganisation so that students are dealt with as individuals and not in batches; the magic force of numbers; amateurs versus professionals in teaching and research; subject cultures; and the unique and parlous situation of many staff developers.
Fluoxetine and Methylphenidate in Combination for Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder and Comorbid Depressive Disorder (1993)

ABSTRACT Children and adolescents with attention deficit disorders (usually with comorbid conditions), who had shown inadequate therapeutic responses to methylphenidate, were treated by the addition of fluoxetine to methylphenidate. After 8 weeks in open trial, all 32 patients showed positive therapeutic responses in attention, behavior, and affect. Thirty of the 32 children showed clinically significant responses and the other two had statistically but not clinically significant responses. After 12 weeks of treatment, one patient showed a deterioration in clinical status. The children had improved report card grades in major academic subjects {p < 0.0001), and showed significant improvements (p < 0.0001) on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS), Conners Parents Rating Scales (CPRS), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Children who initially appeared more impaired on the C-GAS, CDI, CPRS, and GPA showed more improvement on the combined regimen. No significant side effects were observed, using a gradual elevation of fluoxetine dosage. About 40% of the patients showed substantial clinical effects with doses of fluoxetine below 20 mg daily. These preliminary results suggest that fluoxetine and methylphenidate in combination may be safe and effective for some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (and with comorbid anxiety or depressive symptoms) who do not show adequate responses to methylphenidate or fluoxetine alone.
Control of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and release by Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (1986)

The influence of the relA gene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and release by Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was investigated. Similar results were obtained with both species. The incorporation of [3H]galactose into LPS by galE mutants was inhibited by at least 50% (as compared with normal growing controls) during amino acid deprivation of relA+ strains. This inhibition could be prevented by the treatment of the amino acid-deprived relA+ bacteria with chloramphenicol, a known antagonist of the stringent control mechanism. Furthermore, LPS biosynthesis was not inhibited during amino acid deprivation of isogenic relA mutant strains. These results indicate that LPS synthesis is regulated by the stringent control mechanism. Normal growing cells of both relA+ and relA strains released LPS into the culture fluid at low rates. Amino acid deprivation stimulated the rate of LPS release by relA mutants but not by relA+ bacteria. Chloramphenicol treatment markedly stimulated the release of cell-bound LPS by amino acid-deprived relA+ cells. Thus, a low rate of LPS release was characteristic of normal growth and could be increased in nongrowing cells by relaxing the control of LPS synthesis.
A Reservation-based Smart Parking System (2011)

Finding a parking space in most metropolitan areas, especially during the rush hours, is difficult for drivers. The difficulty arises from not knowing where the available spaces may be at that time; even if known, many vehicles may pursue very limited parking spaces to cause serious traffic congestion. In this paper, we design and implement a prototype of Reservation-based Smart Parking System (RSPS) that allows drivers to effectively find and reserve the vacant parking spaces. By periodically learning the parking status from the sensor networks deployed in parking lots, the reservation service is affected by the change of physical parking status. The drivers are allowed to access this cyber-physical system with their personal communication devices. Furthermore, we study state-of-the-art parking policies in smart parking systems and compare their performance. The experiment results show that the proposed reservation-based parking policy has the potential to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as alleviate traffic congestion caused by parking searching.
Depth profiling of hydrogen passivation of boron in Si(100) (1992)

The properties of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$/p-Si were studied using variable-energy positron-annihilation spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The oxide film was formed by ozone oxidation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation at room temperature. Both the positron-annihilation and Raman analyses show that chemical cleaning of boron-doped p-type Si(100) using concentrated hydrofluoric acid prior to the oxide formation leads to hydrogen incorporation in the semiconductor. The incorporated hydrogen passivates the boron dopant by forming a B-H complex, the presence of which increases the broadening of the line shape in the positron-annihilation analysis, and narrows the linewidth of the Raman peak. Annealing of the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$/Si sample at a moderate temperature of 220 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in vacuum was found sufficient to dissociate the complex and reactivate the boron dopant.
The EMMIX software for the fitting of mixtures of normal and t-components (1999)

We consider the fitting of normal mixture models to multivariate data, using maximum likelihood via the EM algorithm. This approach requires the initial specification of an initial estimate of the vector of unknown parameters, or equivalently, of an initial classification of the data with respect to the components of the mixture model under fit. We describe an algorithm called EMMIX that automatically undertakes this fitting, including the provision of suitable initial values if not supplied by the user. The EMMIX algorithm has several options, including the option to carry out a resampling-based test for the number of components in the mixture model. 1 INTRODUCTION Finite mixtures models are being increasingly used to model the distributions of a wide variety of random phenomena (McLachlan, 1998). For multivariate data of a continuous nature, attention has focussed on the use of multivariate normal components because of their computational convenience. They can be easily fitted iter...
Degradation of MOS transistor characteristics By gate charging damage during plasma processing (2002)

The plasma-induced charge damage to small gate area MOS transistors is investigated by using different 'antenna' structures and forming gas alloying process. The plasma processes before metal 2 alloy induce negative charges in the gate electrode, resulting in the generation of the positive charge traps in the gate oxide. The plasma processes from the deposition plasma-enhanced oxide passivation film and its etching induce positive charges in the gate electrode that result in the generation of the interface states and negative charge traps in the gate oxide region due to electrostatic discharges. These phenomena have been evidenced by using different antenna ratios and layout structures. At the same time, the degree of oxide damage is proportional to the antenna ratio. The interface states and charge trapping in gate oxide can be annealed out by the alloying process, but it can be easily regenerated by the constant current stress. The ESD or diode protection structures can reduce the gate charging damages during the plasma processing step, and the trap generation rate is also lower than the unprotected structures during the constant current stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formulation and Delivery of the Bacterial Antagonist <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Management of Lentil Vascular Wilt Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lentis</i> (2006)

Abstract Different formulations of Bacillus subtilis were prepared using standard laboratory protocols. Bacillus subtilis survived in glucose and talc powders at 8.6 and 7.8 log 10 CFU/g, respectively, for 1 year of storage at room temperature compared with 3.5 log 10 CFU/g on a peat formulation. Glasshouse experiments using soil and seed treatments were conducted to test the efficacy of B. subtilis for protecting lentil against the wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis . Seed treatments with formulations of B. subtilis on glucose, talc and peat significantly enhanced its biocontrol activity against Fusarium compared with a treatment in which spores were applied directly to seed. The formulations decreased disease severity by reducing colonization of plants by the pathogen, promoting their growth and increased the dry weight of lentil plants. Of these treatments the glucose and talc‐based powder formulations were more effective than the peat formulation and the spore application without a carrier. It was shown that the B. subtilis spores applied with glucose were viable for longer than those applied with other carriers. Seed treatment with these formulated spores is an effective delivery system that can provide a conducive environment for B. subtilis to suppress vascular wilt disease on lentil and has the potential for utilization in commercial field application.
Functional Dissection of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Epitopes Targeted by Panitumumab and Cetuximab (2012)

Cetuximab and panitumumab, two antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are of major clinical importance particularly in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. As patients may acquire resistance-mediating mutations within the extracellular EGFR domain, functional dissection of the exact binding sites of EGFR targeting antibodies may help predict treatment responses. We therefore assessed the epitope recognition of panitumumab by screening phage-displayed random cyclic 7mer and linear 12mer peptide libraries on this antibody. Phage screenings revealed two strong, potentially epitope-mimicking consensus motifs targeted by panitumumab. A computational approach was used to map the sequences back to the potential epitope region on domain III of EGFR. The presumed epitope regions (386)WPEXRT(391) and a biochemically similar though discontinuous region P349-F352-D355 on a neighboring loop of domain III could be confirmed as part of the functionally relevant binding site of panitumumab by site-directed mutational analysis. To more accurately differentiate the panitumumab epitope from the previously characterized cetuximab epitope, binding studies were performed on a broad range of additional mutants. Taken together, this analysis revealed two large, partially overlapping functional epitopes consisting of 17 critical amino acid positions. Four of these positions were selectively targeted by cetuximab (I467, S468, Q408, and H409), whereas another four were selectively recognized by panitumumab (W386, E388, R390, and T391). In view of the clinical significance of extracellular domain mutations, our data may help guide treatment decisions in selected patients receiving EGFR-targeted therapies.
Infrared Inspection of Multilayer Laminates and Composite Structures (1971)

A description is given of novel applications of infrared inspection which include evaluation of multilayer electronic printed circuit boards, armor plate, automobile tires, aircraft structures, thermal insulation of residential buildings, and others.
Chondrogenic Potential of Two hASCs Subpopulations Loaded onto Gellan Gum Hydrogel Evaluated in a Nude Mice Model (2013)

Cells constitute one of the fundamental components of any cartilage tissue engineering approach. Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) have a promising future considering the abundance of this tissue in the human body, ease of harness, and the high number of stem cells that can be isolated from small amounts of tissue. However the stromal vascular fraction of the adipose tissue that is isolated upon digestion by collagenase followed by a rough selection of the adherent cells, is composed of many different types of cells, some of which may compromise the proliferation and the differentiation of the ASCs. This manuscript reports a study on the in vivo chondrogenic potential of two ASCs specific subpopulations isolated using a method based on immunomagnetic beads coated with specific antibodies. These ASCs subpopulations, isolated using immunomagnetic beads coated with CD29 and CD105 antibodies, were subsequently transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP), expanded, and pre-differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage, before being encapsulated in a novel hydrogel based on gellan gum, that has recently been showed to promote in vitro and in vivo cartilage tissue formation. The two ASCs subpopulations encapsulated in the gellan gum hydrogel and in vitro pre-differentiated, were then subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 6 weeks. Explants were analyzed by various techniques, namely histology, immunohistology and real time RT-PCR that demonstrated the different behaviour of the two ASCs subpopulations under study, namely their potential to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage and to form new cartilage tissue.
Cuestiones nuevas o nuevos motivos de impugnación (2018)

La distincion entre cuestiones nuevas, entendiendo por tales pretensiones no formuladas previamente en via administrativa, las cuales no pueden ser planteadas posteriormente en sede jurisdiccional, y nuevos motivos de impugnacion, es decir, argumentos juridicos que si pueden adicionarse o modificarse en apoyo de la pretension ejercitada, plantea el problema de su distincion en cada caso concreto, a efectos de apreciar la existencia o no de desviacion procesal, que impediria analizar la cuestion suscitada por primera vez en sede jurisdiccional.
Real Time Traffic Light Recognition System for Color Vision Deficiencies (2007)

Color blindness can be challenging as well as cumbersome for a person especially when driving a vehicle. In this paper, a real time traffic light recognition system based on computer vision will be described that improves the safety of drivers who are color-blind. The system consists of a digital video camera and a portable PC that helps the system to detect and track red, green, and yellow traffic lights. The paper will explain how the RGB component adjustment, thresholding algorithm, and median filter are used to recognize traffic lights. In order for the system to handle illumination changes by weather and time, a simple adaptation method has been developed. For future use, the portable system has been simplified since audio has been added to the current system, which helps to inform the traffic light the driver is color-blind.
Identification of Active Transposon dTok , a Member of the hAT Family, in Rice (2006)

Recent completion of the sequencing of the rice genome has revealed that it contains >40% repetitive sequences, most of which are related to inactive transposable elements. During the molecular analysis of the floral organ number 1/multiple pistil 2 (fon1/mp2) mutant, we identified an active transposable element dTok0 that was inserted at the kinase domain of FON1, a homolog of CLAVATA1. Insertion of the element into FON1 generated an 8 bp duplication of its target sites, which is one of the major characteristics of the hAT family of transposons. The dTok0 element was actively transposed out of the FON1 gene, leaving 5-8 bp footprints. Reinsertion into a new location was observed at a low frequency. Analysis of the genome sequence showed that the rice cultivar 'Nipponbare' contains 25 copies of dTok elements; similar numbers were present in all the Oryza species examined. Because dTok0 does not encode a transposase, enzyme activity should be provided in trans. We identified a putative autonomous transposon, Tok1 that contains an intact open reading frame of the Ac-like transposase.
Reassessment of the jacket structure due to uniform corrosion damage (2015)

A number of offshore platforms operating in the years were built with the outdated criteria. A reassessment analysis of the structures should be conducted for safety and maintenance. Reassessment of a jacket structure subjected to corrosion damages was analysed in this study. Programme SACS was used for modelling and conducting pushover analysis for the jacket structure. There are two types of corrosion damage, ‘general corrosion’ and ‘localised corrosion’, and the general corrosion was applied on the structure. Corrosion rates of the jacket structure could be divided into three parts, atmospheric zone, splash zone and full immersion zone. Through the pushover analyses using SACS, the relation between time and RSR/RSR0 was established and it was verified which zone had more corrosion influence to the jacket structure.
Identification of human faces (1971)

How well can human faces be identified by humans and by computers, using subjectively judged "feature" descriptions like long ears, wide-set eyes, etc.? Three classes of experiments are reported: 1) Gathering, analysis, and assessment of face-feature data for 255 faces. 2) Computer identification-studies. 3) Human identification-studies. A set of 22 features was evolved from an initially larger set to provide relevant, distinctive, relatively independent measures which can be judged reliably. Computer studies and a mathematical model established limits of performance of a person attempting to isolate a face from a population using feature descriptions. The model predicts that under certain conditions approximately 6 of an individual's features are required to isolate him from a population of 255. Human experiments under similar conditions showed unique identification occurred with an average of about 7 features. The model predicts that for a population of 4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , only 14 feature-descriptions are required. These studies form a foundation for continuing research on real-time man-machine interaction for computer classification and identification of multidimensional vectors specified by noisy components.