gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity 25-μm microbolometer FPAs (2002)

Raytheon Infrared Operations (RIO) has achieved a significant technical breakthrough in uncooled FPAs by reducing the pixel size by a factor of two while maintaining state-of-the-art sensitivity. Raytheon has produced the first high-quality 320x240 microbolometer FPAs with 25 micrometers pitch pixels. The 320 x240 FPAs have a sensitivity that is comparable to microbolometer FPAs with 50 micrometers pixels. The average NETD value for these FPAs is about 35 mK with an f/1 aperture and operating at 30 Hz frame rates. Good pixel operability and excellent image quality have been demonstrated. Pixel operability is greater than 99% on some FPAs, and uncorrected responsivity nonuniformity is less than 4% (sigma/mean). The microbolometer detectors also have a relatively fast thermal time constant of approximately 10 msec. This state-of-the-art performance has been achieved as a result of an advanced micromachining fabrication process. The process allows maximization of both the thermal isolation and the optical fill-factor. The reduction in pixel size offers several potential benefits for IR systems. For a given system resolution (IFOV) requirement, the 25 micrometers pixels allow a factor of two reduction in both the focal length and aperture size of the sensor optics. The pixel size reduction facilitates a significant FPA cost reduction since the number of die printed on a wafer can be increased. The pixel size reduction has enabled the development of a large-format 640x480 FPA array. Raytheon has produced arrays with very good sensitivity, operability, and excellent image quality. These FPAs are applicable to wide-field-of-view, long range surveillance and targeting missions. Raytheon is also developing a high performance 160x128 FPA that is designed for applications where miniaturization and temperature invariance are required as well as low cost and low power.
ChemInform Abstract: Quasi‐Aromaticity — What Does it Mean? (2015)

Abstract Review: 167 refs.
Study on Electro-polishing of Nb Surface by Periodic Reverse Current Method with Sodium Hydroxide Solution (2016)

Electropolishing is one of the best methods of Nb surface finishing of the superconducting cavity to obtain high accelerating gradient. Mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid is generally used in the electropolishing of Nb. But this solution is very dangerous and because the corrosion of the metal occurs by hydrofluoric acid, all equipment must be made of high density polyethylene or fluorocarbon resin. This causes the expensive cost of electropolishing instrument. In addition, this solution produces sulfur compound on the Nb surface in the electropolishing reaction. This sulfur compound can be field emission sources on the inner surface of cavity and degrades acceleration performance. In this poster, we report noble electropolishing method using periodic reverse current and sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction produces no sulfur content and the equipment is less expensive because the instrument can be made of usual plastic material. As the result of experiments with Nb-coupon samples, we found that the surface roughness is equivalent to the conventional electropolishing method.
A structure for measuring contact resistances immediately following metal deposition (1988)

A new method of preparing prepatterned contact resistance monitor wafers is presented that requires only two mask steps. After metalization, no masking, photolithography, or etching steps are needed to produce the three terminal structure. Because there is no photoresist bake, no Al–Si intermixing occurs and the wafer batch can be reclaimed prior to annealing if poor contacts were formed. The technique uses a standard low-pressure epitaxial reactor to perform the selective silicon etching, leaving a SiO2 overhang pattern to define the metal.
Orthograde dihydropyridine receptor signal regulates ryanodine receptor passive leak (2011)

The skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RyR1) are known to engage a form of conformation coupling essential for muscle contraction in response to depolarization, referred to as excitation-contraction coupling. Here we use WT and Ca(V)1.1 null (dysgenic) myotubes to provide evidence for an unexplored RyR1-DHPR interaction that regulates the transition of the RyR1 between gating and leak states. Using double-barreled Ca(2+)-selective microelectrodes, we demonstrate that the lack of Ca(V)1.1 expression was associated with an increased myoplasmic resting [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](rest)), increased resting sarcolemmal Ca(2+) entry, and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) loading. Pharmacological control of the RyR1 leak state, using bastadin 5, reverted the three parameters to WT levels. The fact that Ca(2+) sparks are not more frequent in dysgenic than in WT myotubes adds support to the hypothesis that the leak state is a conformation distinct from gating RyR1s. We conclude from these data that this orthograde DHPR-to-RyR1 signal inhibits the transition of gated RyR1s into the leak state. Further, it suggests that the DHPR-uncoupled RyR1 population in WT muscle has a higher propensity to be in the leak conformation. RyR1 leak functions are to keep [Ca(2+)](rest) and the SR Ca(2+) content in the physiological range and thus maintain normal intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis.
Some New Reactions of Methylsulfinyl and Methylsulfonyl Carbanion<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome New Reactions of Methylsulfinyl and Methylsulfonyl Carbanion1Michael Chaykovsky and E. J. CoreyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 254–255Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a529RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (329 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hormonal-Pheromonal Interrelationships in Ticks and Parasitic Mites. (1986)

This report summarizes investigations on the role of natural arthropod hormones on mating and reproduction in ticks and other Acari. Studies were directed to the role of steroid hormones, especially ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OH ecdysone) and juvenile hormones, on these fundamental biological processes. Stimulation (excitation) of sex pheromone activity by 20-OH ecdysone, but not by juvenile hormones, was demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro. Both females and males (the latter do not normally produce pheromone) respond to deliberate excitation by increase tick sex pheromone production. The history and ultrastructure of the pheromone glands were described, and morphologic changes correlated with gland development during the ecdysial period, post-ecdysial period, maturation, feeding and repletion were noted. Studies on the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids demonstrated synthesis from cholesterol and implicated the synganglion-lateral segmental organ plexus as a major site for this activity. The metabolism of ecdysteroids in ticks was described also. Following synthesis from cholesterol, ecdysone is metabolized to 20-OH ecdysone and, subsequently to a spectrum of non-polar ecdysteroid conjugates. The metabolism of exogenous juvenile hormone (JH) was also investigated. The number of chromosomes, autosomes vs. sex chromosomes, and the genetics of parthenogenes is reviewed in several species. Keywords Radioimmunoassay; High Performance Liquid Chromatography; Apolysis; Parabiosis; Transplantation techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: INSTABILE ZWISCHENPRODUKTE 102. MITT. ELEKTRONENSPINRESONANZ‐UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN SCHWEFELLOESUNGEN IN OLEUM, DAS S8(+)‐KATION (1972)

Abstract Mit 33 S angereicherte S‐Lösungen in Oleum zeigen in flüssiger Phase ESR‐Spektren, die auf 8 äquivalente S‐Atome pro Radikal hinweisen.
Studies on the Growth Effects of the Canaline-Urea Cycle Amino Acids with <i>Lemna minor</i> L. (1975)

The aquatic microphyte, Lemna minor L., was utilized to assess the relative toxicity and general growth effects of canavanine, canaline, ureidohomoserine (UHS), and canavaninosuccinate (CSA). These amino acids are constituents of the canaline-urea cycle and structural analogues of the ornithine-urea cycle amino acids.Comparative growth studies with L. minor revealed that the canaline-urea cycle amino acids are potent antimetabolites. With the exception of CSA, they are extremely toxic at a concentration of 5 mum. Over a concentration range of 1 to 4 mum, canavanine is the most growth-inhibiting of the canaline-urea cycle amino acids. At or above 5 mum, canavanine and canaline possess comparable toxicity. UHS is less growth-inhibiting than canavanine or canaline, and CSA is the least toxic of the canaline-urea cycle intermediates.
Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone (1997)

Sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a key role in the tonic maintenance of resting arterial pressure. Removal of tonically active inhibitory inputs to the RVLM provided by the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) elicits a large increase in arterial pressure. The present study addresses the hypothesis that excitatory amino acids (EAA) provide the excitation of the RVLM responsible for the increase in arterial pressure that occurs after withdrawal of CVLM-mediated inhibition of the RVLM. In rats anesthetized with either alpha-chloralose or urethan, inhibition of the CVLM by local injection of muscimol markedly elevated arterial pressure. Subsequent injection of the EAA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid into the RVLM caused arterial pressure to fall to levels comparable to those that occur-with total autonomic blockade. In contrast, injection of kynurenic acid into the RVLM of control rats had little effect on arterial pressure. These results indicate that the large increase in arterial pressure produced by inhibition of the CVLM is mediated by EAA excitation of RVLM neurons. Furthermore, these data suggest that EAA play a prominent role in the tonic excitation of RVLM neurons, but, in intact rats, inhibition of EAA in the RVLM elicits no change in arterial pressure because of removal of inhibitory as well as excitatory drives of the RVLM.
A TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SHEAR MODULUS AND SHEAR STRENGTH (1967)

Abstract : The report presents a method for determining shear modulus and shear strength of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. The method incorporates data from uniaxial tensile and/or compressive tests at fiber orientations of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. The approach presented requires fewer specimens for shear strength determinations than current existing procedures.
FGD (flue-gas desulfurization), SCR (selective-catalytic-reduction) gain: coal-fired-boiler experience in Japan (1987)

The paper discusses flue-gas sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) control technology in Japan, where success in reducing SO/sub 2/ and NOx emissions in recent years has been quite remarkable considering Japan's economic growth and the increased role of coal in Japanese energy production. Yearly SO/sub 2/ emissions in Japan were reduced from from 5 million tons in 1967 to 1.2 million tons in 1985, while NOx emissions were reduced from 2 million tons in 1973 to 1.3 million tons in 1985. Conversely, Japanese energy use increased from about 3.0 x 10/sup 15/ kcal in 1970 to 4.0 x 10/sup 15/ kcal in 1985, during which time coal has become increasingly important. Fuel coal imports, which began in 1977, reached 20 million tons in 1985 and are expected to increase to 50 million tons by 1990.
Use of Recombinant Growth Factors after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Erythropoietin Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Interleukin-3 Stem cell factor Thrombopoietin/megakaryocyte growth factor Interleukin-11 Interleukin-2 Keratinocyte growth factor Conclusion References
A649. THE IN VIVO EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL CARTILAGE MADE FROM A NOVEL DOUBLE-NETWORK HYDROGEL ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE COUNTERFACE NORMAL CARTILAGE (2011)

Development of artificial cartilage has been one of the future goals in the field of orthopaedic surgery. A few investigators have applied polyvinyl-alcohol hydrogel (single-network) to develop the artificial cartilage. However, it could not be applicable for clinical use due to insufficiency of the strength, the toughness, and the friction properties. The authors have conducted a fundamental study to apply a novel double-network (DN) hydrogel to develop the artificial cartilage. This hydrogel is composed of two independently crosslinked hydrophilic networks of poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid (PAMPS) and poly-N,N′-Dimetyl acrylamide (PDMAAm) that are physically entangled with each other. This study evaluated the in vivo influence of a PAMPS/PDMAAm DN hydrogel on counterface cartilage in rabbit knee joints and its ex-vivo frictional properties on normal cartilage.

In the first experiment, the DN gel was implanted in a surgically created defect in the femoral trochlea of rabbit knee joints and the left knee was used as the control.

Evaluations using a confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that the DN gel did not affect the surface microstructure (surface roughness, the number of small pits) of the counterface cartilage in vivo at 4 and 12 weeks. The histology also showed the DN gel had no pathological damage on the cartilage matrices and cells at 4 weeks.

However, 2 of the 5 DN gel-implanted knees showed mild irregularity on the counterface cartilage surface at 12 weeks. In the second experiment, the friction property between the normal and artificial cartilage was determined using a joint simulator apparatus. The ex-vivo mean friction coefficient of the DN gel to normal cartilage was 0.029, while that of the normal-to-normal cartilage articulation was 0.188. The coefficient of the DN gel-to-normal cartilage articulation was significantly lower that of the normal-to-normal cartilage articulation (p<0.0001). This study suggested that the PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel has very low friction coefficient on normal cartilage and has no significant detrimental effects on counterface cartilage in vivo, and can be a promising material to develop the artificial cartilage.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Dibenzoselenacycloheptynes (2013)

Dibenzoselenacycloheptynes were prepared in three steps from commercially available reagents and trapped in situ with benzyl azide to form the corresponding triazoles. Surprisingly, the dibenzoselenacycloheptynes also abstracted hydrogen atoms from solvents such as THF or toluene, forming dibenzoselenacycloheptene products. These alkenyl compounds arise from a hydrogen transfer reaction from solvent to the unisolable intermediate, and we postulate that the reaction proceeds via a radical mechanism originating from the strained alkynyl bond that has unusually high radical character.
NPC2, the Protein Deficient in Niemann-Pick C2 Disease, Consists of Multiple Glycoforms That Bind a Variety of Sterols (2006)

Niemann-Pick C disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an endolysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids. One form of the disease is caused by a deficiency in NPC2, a soluble lysosomal glycoprotein that binds cholesterol. To better understand the biological function of NPC2 and how its deficiency results in disease, we have characterized the structural and functional properties of recombinant human protein. Highly purified NPC2 consists of a complex mixture of glycosylated isoforms, similar to that observed in human brain autopsy specimens. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that of the three potential N-linked glycosylation sites present in the mature protein, Asn-19 is not utilized; Asn-39 is linked to an endoglycosidase H (Endo H)-sensitive oligosaccharide, and Asn-116 is variably utilized, either being unmodified or linked to Endo H-sensitive or Endo H-resistant oligosaccharides. All glycoforms are endocytosed and ameliorate the cholesterol storage phenotype of NPC2-deficient fibroblasts. In addition, the purified preparation contains a mixture of both free and lipid-bound protein. All glycoforms bind cholesterol, and sterol binding to NPC2 significantly alters its behavior upon cation-exchange chromatography. Based on this observation, we developed chromatography-based binding assays and determined that NPC2 forms an equimolar complex with the fluorescent cholesterol analog dehydroergosterol. In addition, we find that NPC2 binds a range of cholesterol-related molecules (cholesterol precursors, plant sterols, some oxysterols, cholesterol sulfate, cholesterol acetate, and 5-alpha-cholestan-3-one) and that 27-hydroxysterol accumulates in NPC2-deficient mouse liver. Binding was not detected for various glycolipids, phospholipids, or fatty acids. These biochemical properties support a direct and specialized function of NPC2 in lysosomal sterol transport.
CD Applications Study. (1982)

Abstract : Four new test structures which have been fabricated, including a first-order low-pass recursive switched-capacitor filter, a charge divider, an ED-NMOS operational amplifier, and an improved surface-channel CCD unit delay multiplier/first-order filter, are discussed. Also included are the results of an experiment performed on the old surface-channel CCD and an ISPICE computer simulation of a switched-capacitor current-mirror half-section. An inverting switched-capacitor network is presented. (Author)
Feature Article—Toward an Experimental Method for Algorithm Simulation (1996)

This feature article surveys issues arising in the design, development, and execution of computational experiments to study algorithms. An algorithm is viewed here as an abstract model of an implemented program: experiments are performed to study the model, and new insights about the model can be applied to predict program performance. Issues related to choosing performance measures, planning experiments, developing software tools, running tests, and analyzing data are considered. Some hazards and difficulties of computational research that arise particularly in the context of algorithmic problems are also surveyed.
A secondary immune deficiency in the Fatty/Orl-op rat. (1985)

The response of T and B lymphocytes to the mitogens PHA and LPS was studied in the Fatty/Orl-op rat. Whereas T and B cells from op/op spleen showed no lack of responsiveness compared with that of normal (op/+) littermate rats, the response of thymic cells to the T cell mitogen was lower in op/op rats over 12 days of age compared with normal rats of the same age. Osteopetrotic rats of 10 days and younger did not show this T cell deficiency. The responsiveness of T cells from op/op lymph nodes to PHA was less than that of normal rats at 12 days and older. Thus, though splenic T and B cell populations were well maintained in the adult op/op rat despite the severe depletion of marrow cells in this mutant, the thymus and lymph node T cell populations were qualitatively or quantitatively deficient. Since osteopetrotic obliteration of the marrow cavities precedes the appearance of the immune deficiency we suggest that the immune deficiency may be caused by a failure of T cell supply to the thymus and lymph nodes.
Lyapunov Exponent and Surrogation Analysis of Patterns of Variability: Profiles in New Walkers With and Without Down Syndrome (2010)

In previous studies we found that preadolescents with Down syndrome (DS) produce higher amounts of variability (Smith et al., 2007) and larger Lyapunov exponent (LyE) values (indicating more instability) during walking than their peers with typical development (TD) (Buzzi & Ulrich, 2004). Here we use nonlinear methods to examine the patterns that characterize gait variability as it emerges, in toddlers with TD and with DS, rather than after years of practice. We calculated Lyapunov exponent (LyE) values to assess stability of leg trajectories. We also tested the use of 3 algorithms for surrogation analysis to investigate mathematical periodicity of toddlers' strides. Results show that toddlers' LyE values were not different between groups or with practice and strides of both groups become more periodic with practice. The underlying control strategies are not different between groups at this point in developmental time, although control strategies do diverge between the groups by preadolescence.
The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Cbl-b in T Cells Tolerance and Tumor Immunity (2007)

The implication of the immune system in tumor surveillance is proven and widely accepted. However, anti-cancer immunotherapy is still difficult due to insufficient activation, immune suppression and tolerance induction. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl-b, is a member of the Cbl (casitas B-lineage lymphoma) protein family and was identified as a key dominant "tolerogenic" factor in T cells that directly regulates T-cell activation by controlling activation thresholds and the requirement for co-stimulation. Intriguingly, Cbl-b deficient mice spontaneously reject a variety of cancers including spontaneous solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. Mechanistically, modulation of Cbl-b in T cells controls activation of tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells in vivo and might circumvent several limitations of T cell immunotherapy. Therefore manipulation of Cbl-b might provide us with a unique opportunity for future immune treatment of human disorders such as autoimmunity, chronic viral infections, or cancer.
Breakdown characteristics of small air gap with ceramics composite electrodes; (ZnO/kinzoku) fukugo denkyoku wo yusuru bisho gap no impulse hoden tokusei (1995)

The paper describes the discharge phenomena of a small air gap with ceramics composite-plane electrodes under pulse voltages. The discharge voltage decreases with increasing projection distance of ceramics from a comb-shaped metal electrode. Even if the projection distance is zero, the discharge voltage is lower than that of comb-shaped metal electrode. This shows that the discharge is extremely sensitive to the local high field caused by a triple junction. The surface discharge on ceramics occurs after the gap discharge, and it always initiates at the negative side irrespective of the polarity of the applied pulse voltage. These anomalous discharge characteristics are discussed on the basis of the experimental results. 13 refs., 8 figs.