gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pravastatin in People with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (2005)

Although diabetes is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), limited data describe the cardiovascular benefit of hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in people with both of these conditions. This study sought to determine whether pravastatin reduced the incidence of first or recurrent cardiovascular events in people with non-dialysis-dependent CKD and concomitant diabetes, using data from three randomized trials of pravastatin 40 mg daily versus placebo. CKD was defined by estimated GFR <60 or 60 to 89.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2 with proteinuria. Of 19,737 patients, 4099 (20.8%) had CKD but not diabetes at baseline, 873 (4.4%) had diabetes but not CKD, and 571 (2.9%) had both conditions. The primary composite outcome was time to myocardial infarction, coronary death, or percutaneous/surgical coronary revascularization. Median follow-up was 64 mo. After adjustment for trial and random treatment assignment, the incidence of the primary outcome was lowest in individuals with neither CKD nor diabetes (15.2%), intermediate in individuals with only CKD (18.6%) or only diabetes (21.3%), and highest in individuals with both characteristics (27.0%). Pravastatin reduced the relative likelihood of the primary outcome to a similar extent in subgroups defined by the presence or absence of CKD and diabetes. For example, pravastatin was associated with a significant reduction in the relative risk of the primary outcome by 25% in patients with CKD and concomitant diabetes and by 24% in individuals with neither characteristic. However, the absolute reduction in the risk of the primary outcome as a result of pravastatin use was highest in patients with both CKD and diabetes (6.4%) and lowest in individuals with neither characteristic (3.5%). In conclusion, stage 2 or early stage 3 CKD and diabetes both are associated with higher cardiovascular risk, and pravastatin reduces cardiovascular event rates in people with neither, one, or both characteristics. Given the high absolute benefit of pravastatin in patient with diabetes and stage 2 or early stage 3 CKD, this population in particular should be targeted for widespread use of statins. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these benefits apply to patients with more severe CKD, and recruitment to such studies should be given high priority.
Inhomogeneity of phase transformations β → ω and β → α in the quenched cold-rolled alloy Zr-20%Nb (1996)

The inhomogeneous character of phase transformations in the quenched cold-rolled alloy Zr - 20%Nb was investigated using new X-ray diffractometric procedures based on a position sensitive detector. It was shown that the distribution of strain hardening in β-grains with different orientations controls the development of phase transformation β→α and β→ω in the rolled alloy. Derivative phases inherit the substructure inhomogenity of the β-phase, i.e. their grains are most dispersive and/or have the most distorted crystalline lattice in texture minima, where both phase transformations develop primarily. To explain the obtained X-ray texture data a mechanism was suggested involving local formation of quasi-amorphous boundary interlayers by cold rolling and their crystallization by annealing.
Targeted and Untargeted Fusion Proteins: Current Approaches to Cancer Immunotherapy (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Cancer: Fusion Proteins Immunotherapeutic Applications of Antibody-Targeted and Untargeted Fc Fusion Proteins Combination Fusion Proteins Therapy Mechanism of Action: Immunoregulatory T-Cell (Treg) Depletion and Fusion Protein Combination Therapy Future Directions Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Peptide sequence ions produced by postionization of neutral molecules formed during resonant 266-nm laser desorption (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide sequence ions produced by postionization of neutral molecules formed during resonant 266-nm laser desorptionGary R. Kinsel, Josef Lindner, and Juergen GrotemeyerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 7, 3157–3162Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100186a069https://doi.org/10.1021/j100186a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Application-enhanced approach to undergraduate engineering electromagnetics (2002)

This paper describes an application-enhanced approach to teaching fundamental concepts in electromagnetics at the introductory undergraduate level. The use of numerical tools and interactive visualization is emphasized to aid in presentation and validation of basic concepts. The goal to illustrate the use of theory in practical applications and to exploit visualization as a supplementary instructional tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A PRT CIRCULATOR SYSTEM (2002)

Although various Personal Rapid Transport systems (PRT-systems) have been proposed and investigated by different companies and different researchers over the previous decades, yet no PRT-system has been realized that confines to the definition of a PRT. From a literature review it was found that limited attention has been given to the relationship between PRT design variables and performance indicators - such as the (average) waiting time for passengers and the network capacity. This paper investigates, by means of micro-simulation, the feasibility of a circular PRT-system that connects the campus of a university with the main railway station. Main features of the applied simulation tool are described, as well as the performance indicators used. For three hypothetical traffic demand patterns (morning/off/evening-peak) the application of a PRT-system is analyzed. The analysis shows the impact of vehicle size and top speed on the quality and efficiency of the system. Conclusion is that there is a trade-off between user quality (expressed as average waiting time at stops) and the transport system exploitation costs (expressed as average occupancy of the vehicles and vehicle-kilometers driven).
Microbial Communities on Leaf Material Protected from Macroinvertebrate Grazing in Acidic and Circumneutral Streams (1987)

To determine how low pH and high aluminum concentrations directly affect microbial activity on decomposing leaves in streams, we examined microbial communities on leaf surfaces using in situ flow-through chambers which exclude macroinvertebrates. Bacterial production (thymidine incorporation) on leaf material was significantly higher at pH 6.4 than at 4.9 after 4 wk of incubation, and this difference persisted for the last 5 wk of the experiment. Microbial respiration was greater at the high pH site after 6 wk, and there were no significant differences in ATP standing stock. Concentrations of oxalate-extractable aluminum on the leaf material increased significantly within the first 4 wk of incubation and stabilized at significantly greater levels at low pH (4.66 mg∙g −1 ) than at high pH (1.70 mg∙g −1 ). Transferring leaf material from the high-pH to the low-pH stream had negative effects after only 1 wk of incubation. However, transferring from low pH to high pH did not result in significant positive effects until 4 wk after the transfers. The reduced microbial production and respiration in the low-pH stream imply that decomposition rates may be slower in acidified systems due, at least in part, to direct effects of acidification on microbial activity.
Making All Parts of the 16S rRNA of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Accessible In Situ to Single DNA Oligonucleotides (2006)

rRNA accessibility is a major sensitivity issue limiting the design of working probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Previous studies empirically highlighted the accessibility of target sites on rRNA maps by grouping probes into six classes according to their brightness levels. In this study, a recently proposed mechanistic model of FISH, based on the thermodynamics of secondary nucleic acid interactions, was used to evaluate the accessibility of the 16S rRNA of Escherichia coli to fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides when thermodynamic and kinetic barriers were eliminated. To cover the entire 16S rRNA, 109 probes were designed with an average thermodynamic affinity (DeltaGo (overall)) of -13.5 kcal/mol. Fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry, and a brightness threshold between classes 3 and 4 was used as the requirement for proof of accessibility. While 46% of the probes were above this threshold with conventional 3-h hybridizations, extending the incubation period to 96 h dramatically increased the fraction of bright probes to 86%. Insufficient thermodynamic affinity and/or fluorophore quenching was demonstrated to cause the low fluorescence intensity of the remaining 14% of the probes. In the end, it was proven that every nucleotide in the 16S rRNA of E. coli could be targeted with a bright probe and, therefore, that there were no truly inaccessible target regions in the 16S rRNA. Based on our findings and mechanistic modeling, a rational design strategy involving DeltaGo(overall), hybridization kinetics, and fluorophore quenching is recommended for the development of bright probes.
The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical and Mechanistic Insights (2019)

A number of clinical studies have reported that diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for Atrial fibrillation (AF). After adjustment for other known risk factors including age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, DM remains a significant if modest risk factor for development of AF. The mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to AF in DM are incompletely understood, but are thought to involve electrical, structural, and autonomic remodeling in the atria. Electrical remodeling in DM may involve alterations in gap junction function that affect atrial conduction velocity due to changes in expression or localization of connexins. Electrical remodeling can also occur due to changes in atrial action potential morphology in association with changes in ionic currents, such as sodium or potassium currents, that can affect conduction velocity or susceptibility to triggered activity. Structural remodeling in DM results in atrial fibrosis, which can alter conduction patterns and susceptibility to re-entry in the atria. In addition, increases in atrial adipose tissue, especially in Type II DM, can lead to disruptions in atrial conduction velocity or conduction patterns that may affect arrhythmogenesis. Whether the insulin resistance in type II DM activates unique intracellular signaling pathways independent of obesity requires further investigation. In addition, the relationship between incident AF and glycemic control requires further study.
An experimental evaluation of individual partition segment configurations for the active control of sound transmission (1998)

Lightweight partitions segmented into discretely actuated subsections with mutual interstices and compliant suspensions have been proposed for active sound transmission control (ASTC). In this work, experimental efforts are undertaken to explore important active and passive characteristics of two partition segment models under normal-incidence excitation. The control objective for the configurations is to actively minimize the normal vibration of their transmitting surfaces—instead of an acoustic field quantity in the receiving space. For this functional strategy to be effective, experiments affirm the importance of efficiently and simultaneously controlling vibrations of transmitting subpanels, suspensions, and interstices to achieve high transmission loss. Distinct segment configurations and control schemes allow varying degrees of global transmitting surface vibration control. However, one configuration tested has been theoretically shown to produce efficient control of its various transmitting surfaces using simple control schemes. Measurements confirm that it also provides exceptionally high transmission loss over a broad frequency range—including very low frequencies. a)Currently at Crown International, 1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, IN 46515-1000.
White-Matter Connectivity between Face-Responsive Regions in the Human Brain (2011)

Face recognition is of major social importance and involves highly selective brain regions thought to be organized in a distributed functional network. However, the exact architecture of interconnections between these regions remains unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify face-responsive regions in 22 participants and then employed diffusion tensor imaging with probabilistic tractography to establish the white-matter pathways between these functionally defined regions. We identified strong white-matter connections between the occipital face area (OFA) and fusiform face area (FFA), with a significant right-hemisphere predominance. We found no evidence for direct anatomical connections between FFA and superior temporal sulcus (STS) or between OFA and STS, contrary to predictions based on current cognitive models. Instead, our findings point to segregated processing along a ventral extrastriate visual pathway to OFA-FFA and another more dorsal system connected to STS and frontoparietal areas. In addition, early occipital areas were found to have direct connections to the amygdala, which might underlie a rapid recruitment of limbic brain areas by visual inputs bypassing more elaborate extrastriate cortical processing. These results unveil the structural neural architecture of the human face recognition system and provide new insights on how distributed face-responsive areas may work together.
Propargyl Alcohols as Synthons for Allenols in Conjugate Addition (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPropargyl Alcohols as Synthons for Allenols in Conjugate AdditionBarry M. Trost, Lars Krause, and Moshe PortnoyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 46, 11319–11320Publication Date (Web):November 19, 1997Publication History Received28 July 1997Published online19 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja972548kCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views814Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (116 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Propargyls,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
A self-oscillating induction motor for shuttle propulsion (1957)

An induction motor can be constructed in such a way as to produce a magnetic field travelling in a straight line. Such a device can be used to propel a shuttle across a loom. A stator arrangement is described by which the shuttle can be caused to oscillate without the use of switches. With suitable design there is an inherently stable condition. Expressions are derived for the amplitude and period of this oscillation, for an unloaded motor, and for a motor operating against a constant load force. These are used to derive theoretical curves and phase-plane diagrams which are compared with those obtained in practice. Proposed practical schemes are discussed.
Effect of different types of intrauterine devices on intrauterine activity. (1999)

The IUD itself causes an increase in intrauterine activity which is preventable by naproxen, suggesting the possible role of prostaglandins. Persistence of intrauterine activity depends upon the type of device. Optimal designing of IUDs is required to decrease side effects and make them more acceptable.
Hybrid Space Nuclear Reactor Concept (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A hybrid space nuclear reactor which can provide both electrical power and thermal propulsion has been found to have significant benefits for near term military satellites. It combines the STAR-C thermionic reactor with NERVA rocket propulsion technology. This hybrid reactor would use a W/UO<sub>2</sub> cermet core which was developed in the nuclear rocket program of the 1960's. Both the reactor core and the thermionic converters can be tested prior to launch. The design of a 10 kW<sub>e</sub> reactor capable or producing over 1300 N of thrust is described.</div>
Short-Channel Effects in 4H-SiC MOSFETs (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Die Trennung von Polyphosphaten durch Anionenaustausch-Chromatographie. Anwendung auf die Hefe-Polyphosphate (1963)

Article Die Trennung von Polyphosphaten durch Anionenaustausch-Chromatographie. Anwendung auf die Hefe-Polyphosphate was published on January 1, 1963 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 333, issue Jahresband).
Immunosorbents Based OS Uncoated Synthetic Charcoals: Preparation, Properties, Applications (1990)

By means of water-soluble carbodiimide coupling technique various bioligands were covalently attached to the surface of uncoated synthetic active carbons and a number of sorbents with certain biological functions were thus designed. Carbonaceous sorbents with immobilized ligands demonstrate increased affinity towards specific sorbates compared to that of starting matrix. As soon as SCN and SCS synthetic carbons are used uncoated they can be highly loaded with protein molecules - up to 80 mg serum albumin, 6-10 mg IgG rabbit etc. per gram of sorbent. Carbonaceous immunosorbents retain biocompatibility and substantial non-specific adsorptive capacity of initial hemosorbents. A conclusion is drawn that uncoated synthetic charcoals can serve a basis for design of selective hemosorbents intended for solving complicated problems of immunocorrection.
Tuning the Basicity of a Metal‐Templated Brønsted Base to Facilitate the Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition of Aliphatic Thiols to α,β‐Unsaturated <i>N</i>‐Acylpyrazoles (2016)

Abstract The enantioselective addition of aliphatic thiols to α,β‐unsaturated N ‐acylpyrazoles catalyzed by a bis‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complex with fine‐tuned Brønsted basicity was investigated. Good to excellent yields (71–99 %) and enantioselectivities (86–98 % ee ) were achieved at catalyst loadings of 0.2–2.5 mol‐%. In this metal‐templated catalyst design, the metal serves as a structural center and the catalysis is executed by the organic ligand sphere through a combination of proton transfer, hydrogen‐bond formation, and electrostatic interactions.
Folding-Promoted TBACl-Mediated Chemo- and Regioselective Demethylations of Methoxybenzene-Based Macrocyclic Pentamers (2011)

Tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) salt alone has not been shown previously to be capable of removing methoxy groups. It is demonstrated here that the use of TBACl achieves efficient folding-promoted chemo- and regioselective demethylations, eliminating up to two out of five methyl groups situated in similar macrocyclic chemical microenvironments.
Effect of UV radiation on the relaxation characteristics of ferroelectric thin-film capacitors (2008)

The effect of UV radiation with a wavelength near the fundamental absorption edge on the relaxation characteristics of ferroelectric capacitors based on thin (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BSTO) films has been studied. The absorption spectra of BSTO films with thicknesses up to 1 μm obtained by RF magnetron sputtering on sapphire substrates have been measured in a 300–600 nm wavelength range, the UV radiation penetration depth in this material was determined, and the optical bandgap width was evaluated. It is established that UV irradiation leads to a significant decrease in the relaxation time of the residual capacitance of BSTO-film-based structures. A minimum relaxation time is achieved upon the irradiation in a 350–360 nm wavelength interval.
Studies on Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> and Related Compounds. XVIII (1951)

Formation of thiamine by the following new reactions had been confirmed by the thiochrome method but thiamine was isolated as crystalline thiamine hydrochloride during the present experiments and the formation of thiamine definitely proved. Formic acid was used as a solvent in all reactions which were carried out at 100°.A) 2-Methyl-4-amino-5-formaminomethylpyrimidine hydrochloride (I) and γ-thioaceto-γ-chloropropyl alcohol (III) or acetate (II).B) (I) and γ-aceto-γ-mercaptopropyl alcohol (IV).C) (I), γ-aceto-γ-chloropropyl alcohol (V) or acetate (VI) and a thioketone, such as γ-thioacetopropyl acetate (VII) or ethyl thioacetoacetate (VIII).D) (I) and ethyl β-(α′-aceto-γ′-acetoxypropyl)-mercaptocrotonate (IX).
Electro-Optical Properties of the In-Plane Switching Twisted Nematic Mode (2003)

The important characteristics for display applications such as the response time, the color shift and viewing angle characteristics of the in-plane switching twisted nematic mode (IT mode) were investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulations. It was found that the fast response time of the IT mode approaches 10 ms, which is not inferior to that of a conventional twisted nematic mode. Based on the results, we emphasize that the IT mode can lead to the realization of excellent LCDs with a small color shift and wide viewing angle characteristics.
Improved process for epitaxial deposition of silicon on prediffused substrates (1968)

Process for fabricating integrated circuits uniformly deposits silicon epitaxially on prediffused substrates without affecting the sublayer diffusion pattern. Two silicon deposits from different sources, and deposited at different temperatures, protect the sublayer pattern from the silicon tetrachloride reaction.