gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Railgun Tribology: Characterization and Control of Multishot Wear Debris (2006)

Railgun tribology describes the friction and wear sciences of interacting surfaces in relative motion. The novel tribological feature of railguns is the use of high-speed, high-current sliding electrical contacts for the conversion of the electrical energy in a current pulse into projectile kinetic energy. Several wear processes affect the life of components used to construct the bore of a railgun depending upon the severity of the duty cycle. Following multishot testing without refurbishment in solid-armature railguns, wear products have been observed to accumulate on the contact surfaces of rail conductors. Aluminum-alloy armatures produce wear debris that is chemically complex and structurally inhomogeneous. Because electromagnetic propulsion requires that electrical conduction take place across these debris layers, it is important to understand the factors that influence their structure. A critical question for repeatable and predictable railgun performance and for extended rail life is whether easy conduction occurs through these accumulated wear products. It is possible to control the dimensions and properties of these wear debris accumulations on rail contact surfaces using chemical and mechanical aids. Films of rapidly solidified aluminum with layered structures and high levels of gas porosity are the most common debris on copper rails. It is possible to control the structures of these films and to plow them away when they grow thick. Here, results of characterization and control of wear debris are presented and discussed
Some Characteristics of a New Glycopeptidase Acting on Aspartylglycosylamine Linkages1 (1978)

A new type of glycopeptidase hydrolyzing beta-aspartylglycosylamine linkages was partially purified from almond emulsin by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and DE 52. The enzyme degraded stem bromelain glycopeptide, Asn-Asn(Man3,Xyl1,Fuc1,GlcNAc2)-Glu-Ser-Ser, to yield equimolar amounts of intact oligosaccharide, peptide (Asn-Asp-Glu-Ser-Ser), and ammonia. The Km value for the stem bromelain glycopeptide was 4 mM, and the optimum pH was 5.2. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by 10 mM Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+. Thiol inhibitors and actinomycete protease inhibitors had no effect. The glycopeptides used as substrates were prepared from stem bromelain, ovalbumin or ovotransferrin. The enzyme hydrolyzed glycopeptides with 3-11 amino acid residues, whereas it did not hydrolyze glycopeptides with 1-2 amino acid residues. Furthermore, Asn-oligosaccharide was not inhibitory to the enzyme.
Derivation Method for the Foundation Boundaries of Hydraulic Numerical Simulation Models Based on the Elastic Boussinesq Solution (2015)

The foundation boundaries of numerical simulation models of hydraulic structures dominated by a vertical load are investigated. The method used is based on the stress formula for fundamental solutions to semi-infinite space body elastic mechanics under a vertical concentrated force. The limit method is introduced into the original formula, which is then partitioned and analyzed according to the direction of the depth extension of the foundation. The point load will be changed to a linear load with a length of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:math>. Inverse proportion function assumptions are proposed at parameter<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>and depth<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>of the calculation points to solve the singularity questions of elastic stress in a semi-infinite space near the ground. Compared with the original formula, changing the point load to a linear load with a length of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:math>is more reasonable. Finally, the boundary depth criterion of a hydraulic numerical simulation model is derived and applied to determine the depth boundary formula for gravity dam numerical simulations.
Induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by gamma interferon. (1986)

Activity of the interferon-induced enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 32 cancer patients treated with recombinant human gamma-interferon (rHGIF). Pretreatment activities varied widely but remained constant for each individual. The minimum dose of rHGIF that consistently stimulated activity was 12 MU/m2, although in some patients as little as 0.004 MU/m2 was stimulatory. Enzyme activity in responding patients increased threefold at 24 h after the initial infusion and remained elevated nearly twofold at 72 h independent of dose. This increase is less than that observed after infusions of alpha-interferon and parallels results observed in vitro. Pretreatment enzyme activity did not correlate with response. Twenty-minute infusions of a fixed dose were as effective as four- and 24-h infusions in raising enzyme levels. The level of activity achieved after the initial infusion could not be sustained with twice-weekly infusions. We conclude that rHGIF does induce 2-5A synthetase activity in PBMC but not to the levels induced by alpha-interferon. The observation that brief infusions of low doses can be maximally stimulatory in vivo suggests that the response of PBMC in vivo is being confounded by factors yet to be determined. Furthermore, it appears that the capacity of PBMC to maximally respond to rHGIF in vivo, with increases in enzyme activity, is transient.
Inter-centre comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1996)

The results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal DNA of the same 12 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains of diverse geographical origin, performed in three different laboratories were compared; one laboratory used field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE), one used contour clamped homogenous electrophoresis (CHEF) and one used both (all manufactured by BioRad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA). No single method produced the maximum number of chromosomal fragments from all isolates. In only four instances were the same number of fragments identified by any two techniques. Although there were similar trends in strain identification the results showed many discrepancies even with a three-band difference rule to discriminate between strains. Plasmids in seven of the isolates produced a fragment, but this did not affect discrimination of the study isolates. There is a great need to standardise methodology and produce a standard set of strains to assist in this process.
Molecular characterization of Histomonas meleagridis exoproteome with emphasis on protease secretion and parasite-bacteria interaction (2019)

The exoproteome of parasitic protists constitutes extracellular proteins that play a fundamental role in host-parasite interactions. Lytic factors, especially secreted proteases, are capable of modulating tissue invasion, thereby aggravating host susceptibility. Despite the important role of exoproteins during infection, the exoproteomic data on Histomonas meleagridis are non-existent. The present study employed traditional 1D-in-gel-zymography (1D-IGZ) and micro-LC-ESI-MS/MS (shotgun proteomics), to investigate H. meleagridis exoproteomes, obtained from a clonal virulent and an attenuated strain. Both strains were maintained as mono-eukaryotic monoxenic cultures with Escherichia coli. We demonstrated active in vitro secretion kinetics of proteases by both parasite strains, with a widespread proteolytic activity ranging from 17 kDa to 120 kDa. Based on protease inhibitor susceptibility assay, the majority of proteases present in both exoproteomes belonged to the family of cysteine proteases and showed stronger activity in the exoproteome of a virulent H. meleagridis. Shotgun proteomics, aided by customized database search, identified 176 proteins including actin, potential moonlighting glycolytic enzymes, lytic molecules such as pore-forming proteins (PFPs) and proteases like cathepsin-L like cysteine protease. To quantify the exoproteomic differences between the virulent and the attenuated H. meleagridis cultures, a sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra mass spectrometric (SWATH-MS) approach was applied. Surprisingly, results showed most of the exoproteomic differences to be of bacterial origin, especially targeting metabolism and locomotion. By deciphering such molecular signatures, novel insights into a complex in vitro protozoan- bacteria relationship were elucidated.
A 960MS/s DAC with 80dB SFDR in 20nm CMOS for multi-mode baseband wireless transmitter (2014)

A 960MS/s calibrated digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and low pass reconstruction filter are fabricated in 20nm CMOS. The calibration is implemented without an extra analog-to-digital converter (ADC) by reconfiguring the filter as the integrator for an incremental ADC which is used to digitize DAC cell mismatch. The digital input to the DAC is compensated by a look-up table to correct DAC mismatch in real-time. Before calibration, DNL is −1.1/+0.7LSB and INL is −2.1/+0.3LSB. After calibration DNL and INL are improved to −0.2/+0.2LSB and −0.3/+0.2LSB respectively. This 10b DAC achieves 80.2dB SFDR after calibration, and occupies 0.01mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for an I/Q DAC pair which is 12.5% of the area for an uncalibrated I/Q DAC pair.
Why Humphry Can’t Read or Write: Tobias Smollett, 18th-Century Literacy, and Preservation of the Social Order (2013)

Literacy for lower socioeconomic populations in Great Britain did not enjoy a high priority in privileged eighteenth-century society. Although contemporary literacy theorists have only begun writing about a social turn in literacy in recent decades, Tobias Smollett’s nearly 250-year-old novel Humphry Clinker offers significant clues that literacy—especially for the lower classes—has always carried social implications. By situating an illiterate servant cum lay preacher at the center of a novel that bears his name but denies his agency, Smollett extends his vocal critique of Methodism that threatened to unravel the hierarchical social order of late eighteenth-century Britain. Smollett’s disdain for Methodism and its class-leveling practices was well known during his day—even to John Wesley, its founder. Smollett finds in Clinker the perfect foil on which to circumscribe his antipathy toward Methodism and the social reform aims of its architect—including universal literacy for all Britons. By labeling Methodism as injurious and making sport of it as a daft lay preacher, Smollett brackets the positive contributions of Wesley’s followers in order to protect the social status quo. As I apply six components of social literacy theory from contemporary theorist David Barton’s seminal article “The Social Impact of Literacy” to this picaresque novel, Clinker the character emerges as a true hero in Smollett’s novel for the social revolution faith-based literacy efforts would exert on Britain in the latter eighteenth century and beyond.
Wogonin Inhibits Ischemic Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2004)

The present study evaluated the effect of wogonin, a flavonoid originated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI, on focal ischemic brain injury in rats. Focal brain ischemia was induced by the permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery (pMCAO) for 24 h with a silicone rubber cylinder inserted through the right internal carotid artery. We found that wogonin, intraperitoneally administered at a dosage of 20 mg/kg at 30 min before and 4 h after the surgery, reduced the pMCAO-induced infarct areas in the cerebral cortex as well as in the striatum. The total volume of infarction was significantly reduced by the treatment with wogonin. In addition, wogonin was found to significantly improve the pMCAO-induced behavioral deficits at 24 h after the surgery. Taken together, these results demonstrate that wogonin inhibits ischemic brain injury and improves behavioral dysfunction caused by pMCAO. These findings, along with previous reports demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of wogonin, provide strong pharmacological basis for the use of wogonin or Scutellaria baicalensis in the treatment of stroke.
A heavy-traffic theorem for the GI/G/1 queue with a Pareto-type service time distribution (1997)

For the GI=G=1-queueing model with traffic load a ! 1, service time distribution B(t) and interarrival time distribution A(t) holds, whenever for t !1: 1 \\Gamma B(t) c (t=fi) + O(e \\Gammaffit ); c ? 0; 1 ! ! 2; ffi ? 0; 1 R 0 t dA(t) ! 1 for ? ; that (1 \\Gamma a) 1 \\Gamma1 w converges in distribution for a &quot; 1. Here w is distributed as the stationary waiting time distribution. The L.S.-transform of the limiting distribution is derived and an asymptotic series for its tail probabilities is obtained. The theorem actually proved in the text concerns a slightly more general asymptotic behaviour of 1 \\Gamma B(t), t !1, than mentioned above.
A systematic review of herbal medicinal products for the treatment of menopausal symptoms (2003)

There is no convincing evidence for any herbal medical product in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. However, the evidence for black cohosh is promising, albeit limited by the poor methodology of the trials. The studies involving red clover suggest it may be of benefit for more severe menopausal symptoms. There is some evidence for the use of kava, but safety concerns mean this herbal product is not a therapeutic option at present. The evidence is inconclusive for the other herbal medicinal products reviewed.
Comment on the Communication “Highly Efficient White Organic Electroluminescence from a Double-Layer Device Based on a Boron Hydroxyphenylpyridine Complex” by Wang et al. (2002)

Stray light is a possible source of interference in the electroluminescence spectrum of ITO/NPB/(mdppy)BF/LiF/Al reported by Wang and co-workers (see picture, trace a). Chou et al. observed that four major peaks that correspond to mercury overlap with the reported peaks (trace b).
Secure and Inclusive Authentication with a Talking Mobile One-Time-Password Client (2011)

Cumbersome and complicated authentication procedures to access sensitive online services such as Internet banking can be a nuisance. For people with disabilities or the elderly, poorly designed identity management systems can preclude usage altogether. This article presents a secure and accessible multimodal authentication method to log in to an Internet banking service. The method uses a one-time-password (OTP) client installed on a mobile phone that replaces dedicated OTP generators. The client provides both visual and auditory output, and is based on an application approved for secure log-in to sensitive online services. It allows usage by people whose functional impairments adversely affect their ability to use existing solutions. The authors also discuss implications for development, and make several recommendations for designing usable and accessible security applications and solutions.
Differential reactivity of a monoclonal antibody directed to the membrane protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. (1997)

A monoclonal antibody (2C12) against the 19 kDa membrane (M) protein of a Canadian isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus was produced. By indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed in infected cells, but the pattern of fluorescence was generally different and intensity was weaker than that observed using the nucleocapsid protein-directed monoclonal antibody SDOW17. When tested by IIF towards a total of 26 PRRS virus isolates from Canada, 122 isolates from the US and 13 isolates from Europe the 2C12 MAb reacted with all the North American isolates tested including the VR-2332 isolate and the vaccine (RespPRRS) isolate. However no reactivity was observed towards the European isolates tested including the Lelystad virus. This reactivity pattern suggests that the epitope recognized by this MAb on the M protein of PRRS virus appears highly conserved among North American isolates but absent or weakly expressed on European isolates of PRRS virus.
Letter (1995)

Linda Nazarko mentioned Touche Ross’s recent work for East Sussex County Council to examine residential care provision and the overlap with the independent sector locally (Expand, contract and win, Nursing Management, September 1995).
Computation of Lyapunov exponents for a current-programmed buck boost converter (2003)

A DC/DC switching converter is characterized by cyclic switching of circuit topologies, which gives rise to a variety of nonlinear, such as subharmonics, bifurcation and chaos. This paper derived the iterative map of a DC/DC buck-boost switching current-programmed converter. Based on the iterative map, the largest Lyapunov exponent of the converter is computed, which is used to identify and quantify chaos.
체결장치의 종방향 저항 특성을 반영한 교량상 콘크리트궤도의 종방향 저항력 산정 (2018)

궤도-교량 상호작용 검토 시 궤도의 종방향 저항력은 매우 중요한 인자이다. 하지만 다양한 설계기준에서 궤도-교량 상호작용 해석을 위한 교량상 콘크리트궤도의 종방향 저항력은 하나의 선도로 제시하고 있기 때문에 실제 부설되는 체결장치의 저항력을 고려하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 실내 체결장치 실험을 통하여 궤도-교량 종방향 상호작용 검토시 안전측 설계가 가능한...
ESD Protection Design With Stacked High-Holding-Voltage SCR for High-Voltage Pins in a Battery-Monitoring IC (2016)

For high-voltage (HV) applications, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design using a traditional HV device, such as laterally diffused MOSFETs, usually consumes large silicon area to meet sufficient ESD specification. In this paper, an area-efficient ESD protection design with stacked high-holding-voltage silicon-controlled rectifier (HHVSCR) is proposed and verified in a 0.25-μm 5/60 V Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process. The proposed HHVSCR is fabricated in low-voltage wells and has the characteristics of HHV and high failure current with the same silicon area as the traditional SCR. From the experimental results, the proposed HHVSCR stacking structure can fit the desired ESD protection design window for the 60 V pins of a battery-monitoring IC and successfully protect these 60 V pins against 7-kV human-body-mode ESD stress.
Mycobacterium haemophilum sp. nov., a New Pathogen of Humans (1978)

A patient under immunosuppressive treatment of Hodgkin’s disease developed generalized skin granulomata and subcutaneous abscesses. Several aspirated pus samples yielded acid-fast rods with the following properties: Temperature optimum, about 30°C with no growth at 37°C; slow growth (2 to 4 weeks); nonchromogenic; hemoglobin or hemin requirement for growth; catalase negative; pyrazinamidase and nicotinamidase positive; and urease negative. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was calculated from the melting temperature to be 66.0 mol%. It is concluded that these isolates belong to a new species, for which the name Mycobacterium haemophilum is proposed. The type strain of this species is strain 1 (= ATCC 29548). The new species is related to M. marinum and M. ulcerans.
Reconstruction of undersampled radial free‐breathing 3D abdominal <scp>MRI</scp> using stacked convolutional auto‐encoders (2018)

Purpose Free‐breathing three‐dimensional (3D) abdominal imaging is a challenging task for MRI , as respiratory motion severely degrades image quality. One of the most promising self‐navigation techniques is the 3D golden‐angle radial stack‐of‐stars ( SOS ) sequence, which has advantages in terms of speed, resolution, and allowing free breathing. However, streaking artifacts are still clearly observed in reconstructed images when undersampling is applied. This work presents a novel reconstruction approach based on a stacked convolutional auto‐encoder ( SCAE ) network to solve this problem. Methods Thirty healthy volunteers participated in our experiment. To build the dataset, reference and artifact‐affected images were reconstructed using 451 golden‐angle spokes and the first 20, 40, or 90 golden‐angle spokes corresponding to acceleration rates of 31.4, 15.7, and 6.98, respectively. In the training step, we trained the SCAE by feeding it with patches from artifact‐affected images. The SCAE outputs patches in the corresponding reference images. In the testing step, we applied the trained SCAE to map each input artifact‐affected patch to the corresponding reference image patch. Result The SCAE ‐based reconstruction images with acceleration rates of 6.98 and 15.7 show nearly similar quality as the reference images. Additionally, the calculation time is below 1 s. Moreover, the proposed approach preserves important features, such as lesions not presented in the training set. Conclusion The preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed SCAE ‐based strategy for correcting the streaking artifacts of undersampled free‐breathing 3D abdominal MRI with a negligible reconstruction time.
Targeting the cell cycle in breast cancer: towards the next phase (2018)

Deregulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer that enables limitless cell division. To support this malignant phenotype, cells acquire molecular alterations that abrogate or bypass control mechanisms in signaling pathways and cellular checkpoints that normally function to prevent genomic instability and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of the cell cycle has long been viewed as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Until recently, attempts to target the cell cycle for cancer therapy using selective inhibitors have proven unsuccessful due to intolerable toxicities and a lack of target specificity. However, improvements in our understanding of malignant cell-specific vulnerabilities has revealed a therapeutic window for preferential targeting of the cell cycle in cancer cells, and has led to the development of agents now in the clinic. In this review, we discuss the latest generation of cell cycle targeting anti-cancer agents for breast cancer, including approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, and investigational TTK and PLK4 inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials. In recognition of the emerging population of ER+ breast cancers with acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors we suggest new therapeutic avenues to treat these patients. We also offer our perspective on the direction of future research to address the problem of drug resistance, and discuss the mechanistic insights required for the successful implementation of these strategies.
A general-purpose algorithm for analyzing concurrent programs (1983)

Developing and verifying concurrent programs presents several problems. A static analysis algorithm is presented here that addresses the following problems: how processes are synchronized, what determines when programs are run in parallel, and how errors are detected in the synchronization structure. Though the research focuses on Ada, the results can be applied to other concurrent programming languages such as CSP.
Rigoberta Menchu, Premio Nobel de la Paz (1992)

No hay resúmenes disponibles. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 47, No. 528, 1992: 889-893.