gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric crosstalk of magnetoresistive head (1982)

The crosstalk of shielded magnetoresistive (MR) heads with MR films much wider than the recorded track is calculated using a 2D transmission-line model. The head response versus the transverse displacement of head and recorded track can be expressed analytically in the form of a convergent series. Due to the intrinsic asymmetry of the 45° bias in the single domain MR film, the crosstalks from the two adjacent tracks are not equal. As the head is moved away from a positioned track, the crosstalk goes through a null in one direction but not the other. Results from experiments and calculations have been compared and show reasonable agreement. This effect can be employed to test whether the MR film of a shielded MR head is in a single domain state. Furthermore, for high track density applications, the MR head should be offset with respect to the recording head to achieve optimum performance.
Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease (2007)

Vascular calcification is common in chronic kidney disease and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Its mechanism is multifactorial and incompletely understood. Patients with chronic kidney disease are at risk for vascular calcification because of multiple risk factors that induce vascular smooth muscle cells to change into a chondrocyte or osteoblast-like cell; high total body burden of calcium and phosphorus due to abnormal bone metabolism; low levels of circulating and locally produced inhibitors; impaired renal excretion; and current therapies. Together these factors increase risk and complicate the management of vascular calcification.
A novel ochre mutation in the β-thalassemia gene of a Thai (1989)

The beta-globin genes from a Thai patient compound heterozygous for beta-thalassemia and HbE disease were investigated. The 3.0-kilobase fragment containing the entire beta-globin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, using Taq DNA polymerase followed by direct cloning of the amplified product into plasmid DNA. Sequence analysis of the thalassemia gene revealed only one base change, a C-A transversion within codon for an amino acid 35. This new mutation creates a premature terminator, TAA, an ochre codon, and results in a beta 0-thalassemia phenotype. The same result was obtained when this mutation was analyzed using a conventional cloning technique, direct sequencing of the amplified product, and hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. No misincorporation was detected in the sequence analysis of the 3.0-kilobase insert of five clones of the amplified products obtained from genomic DNA of a normal individual. This approach is a rapid and accurate method for molecular cloning of the beta-globin gene and also other genes, the partial nucleotide sequences of which are known.
Treatment of fever in the neurologic intensive care unit with a catheter-based heat exchange system (2004)

The addition of this catheter-based cooling system to conventional management significantly improves fever reduction in neurologic intensive care unit patients.
Use of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Malignant Melanoma (2004)

As new methods for treating melanoma emerge and become more available, confocal microscopy can play a significant role by improving sensitivity in diagnosis, by increasing rates of successful initial excision, and by serving as a noninvasive means of monitoring therapy.
In-chip optical CD measurements for non-volatile memory devices (2006)

A potential limitation to a wider usage of the scatterometry technique for CD evaluation comes from its requirement of 
dedicated regular measurement gratings, located in wafer scribe lanes. In fact, the simplification of the original chip 
layout that is often requested to design these gratings may impact on their printed dimension and shape. Etched gratings 
might also suffer from micro-loading effects other than in the circuit. For all these reasons, measurements collected 
therein may not represent the real behavior of the device. On the other hand, memory devices come with large sectors 
that usually possess the characteristics required for a proper scatterometry evaluation. In particular, for a leading edge 
flash process this approach is in principle feasible for the most critical process steps. The impact of potential drawbacks, 
mainly lack of pattern regularity within the tool probe area, is investigated. More, a very large sampling plan on features 
with equal nominal CD and density spread over the same exposure shot becomes feasible, thus yielding a deeper insight 
of the overall lithographic process window and a quantitative method to evaluate process equipment performance along 
time by comparison to acceptance data and/or last preventive maintenance. All the results gathered in the device main 
array are compared to those collected in standard scatterometry targets, tailored to the characteristics of the considered 
layers in terms of designed CD, pitch, stack and orientation.
Challenging U.S. Silence (2009)

This chapter outlines humanitarian and human rights consequences of the United States's (U.S.) invasion and occupation of Iraq. It contextualizes the displacement crisis by tracing how U.S. foreign policy contributed to the humanitarian disaster. It examines the topic of advocacy for Iraqi refugees and highlights the efforts of international NGOs to compel the United States and the international community to comprehensively address the displacement crisis. This analysis is based on documentary evidence from nongovernmental and official sources and approximately thirty interviews with staff and officials from NGOs, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and Congressional staff members working on immigrant and refugee policy. Research shows that while NGOs have been the most important actors calling for accountability for displaced Iraqis, they are constrained by the politics of humanitarian assistance in the United States and Middle East. It concludes by highlighting the Bush administration's failure to take responsibility for the human costs of the U.S. invasion and considers the effects of public apathy in the United States about the impact of the war on Iraqis.
The effects of dietary sugar-beet fibre and guar gum on lipid metabolism in Wistar rats (1994)

This study investigates the mechanisms of action for the hypocholesterolaemic effects of sugar-beet fibre (SBF) and guar gum. Four groups of ten male Wistar rats were fed ad lib. on test diets containing either 100 g SBF or guar/kg, or control diets containing 100 g cellulose or wheat bran/kg for 28 d. Food intake, weight gain and food consumption ratios were unaffected by the diets. Circulating cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in both SBF- and guar-fed groups compared with either cellulose- or bran-fed animals. Circulating triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower in SBF- and guar-fed animals, but total hepatic lipid concentrations and hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenesis rates were unaffected by the diets. Hepatic cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.17) activities were significantly higher in the guar-fed animals compared with cellulose or bran control groups. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.88) activities were unaffected. Circulating bile acid concentrations were significantly lower in SBF- and guar-fed animals and faecal bile acid output was significantly higher in the guar-fed group compared with bran- or cellulose-fed groups. This study supports the hypothesis that guar exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect via intraluminal bile acid binding and loss of cholesterol from increased faecal bile acid excretion. The mechanism of action for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of SBF is less clear; the results of the present study point to a mechanism involving disruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation, possibly via changes in the rate of absorption of dietary lipid.
Wege zu neuen aromatischen Polycarbonaten mit besonderen Werkstoffeigenschaften (1991)

Abstract Bei den Technischen Thermoplasten gehört Polycarbonat zusammen mit den Acrylnitril/Butadien/Styrol‐Copolymeren und den Polyamiden zur Spitzengruppe; weiteres dynamisches Mengenwachstum wird ihm vorhergesagt. Ein wesentlicher Grund für diesen “Höhenflug” ist ‐ neben einer herausragenden Kombination von Basiseigenschaften und einem günstigen Preis/Leistungsverhältnis ‐ das in der Grundstruktur liegende chemische und physikalische Potential. Diese Übersicht zeigt Beispiele dafür, wie dieses Potential durch den Einbau eigenschaftsbestimmender alternativer Monomere, die Änderung der linearen Struktur, die Variation von Endgruppen, die Zugabe spezieller Additive sowie durch Legierungsbildung zur Herstellung neuer Polycarbonat‐Werkstoffe genutzt werden kann. Besonders herausgestellt wird die Entwicklung hochwärmeformbeständiger Polycarbonate mit weiteren technisch wertvollen Eigenschaften. Von wissenschaftlichem wie praktischem Interesse ist das dabei erkannte neue Kriterium für hochwärmeformbeständige und zugleich ausreichend zähe Polycarbonate.
FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 2-METHOXYISOBUTYLISONITRILE (1989)

(1989). FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 2-METHOXYISOBUTYLISONITRILE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 511-514.
ZVS Interleaved Totem-pole Bridgeless PFC Converter with Phase-shifting Control (2018)

This paper proposes an interleaved totem-pole bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) converter employing an additional inductor which has small switching loss. The main problem of conventional interleaved totem-pole bridgeless boost PFC converter is large switching loss due to the hard switching operation. And that problem becomes more serious in high switching frequency operation. In proposed converter, by utilizing the energy of additional inductor, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation of the switches is achieved. Also, by using phase-shifting control between two interleaved PFC units, the flowing current on additional inductor can be controlled and only proper magnitude of current is generated. As a result, the proposed converter has higher efficiency than conventional converter. The feasibility of the proposed converter is confirmed with 50Hz, 230Vrms input and 1.6kW (400V / 4A) output prototype.
Azide and Alkyne Terminated Polybutadiene Binders: Synthesis, Cross-linking, and Propellant Studies (2014)

In composite solid propellants, the fuel and oxidizer are held together by a polymer binder. Among the different types of polymeric binders used in solid propellants, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is considered as the most versatile. HTPB is conventionally cured using isocyanates to form polyurethanes. However, the incompatibility of isocyanates with energetic oxidizers such as ammonium dinitramide and hydrazinium nitroformate, the short “pot life” of the propellant slurry, and undesirable side reactions with moisture are limiting factors which adversely affect the mechanical properties of HTPB based propellant. With an aim of resolving these problems, HTPB was chemically transformed to azidoethoxy carbonyl amine terminated polybutadiene and propargyloxy carbonyl amine terminated polybutadiene by adopting appropriate synthesis strategies and characterizing them by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. This is the first report on 1,3-dipolar addition reaction involving azide and alkyne end groups for cross-linking HTPB. The blend of these two polymers underwent curing under mild temperature (60 °C) conditions through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction resulting in triazole–triazoline networks. The curing parameters were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic parameter, viz., activation energy, was computed to be 107.6 kJ/mol, the preexponential factor was 2.79 × 1012 s–1, and the rate constant at 60 °C was computed to be 3.64 × 10–5 s–1.The cure profile at a given temperature was predicted using the kinetic parameters. Rheological studies revealed that the gel time for curing through the 1,3-dipolar addition is 280 min compared to 120 min for curing through the urethane route. The mechanical properties of the resultant cured polybutadiene network were superior to those of polyurethanes. The cured triazoline–triazole polymer network exhibited biphasic morphology with two glass transitions (Tg) at −56 and 42 °C in contrast to the polyurethane which exhibited a single transition at −60 °C. This was corroborated by associated morphological changes observed by scanning probe microscopy. The propellant processed using this binder has the advantages of improved pot life as indicated by the end of the mix viscosity which is 165 Pa·s as compared with 352 Pa·s for the polyurethane system along with a slow build-up rate. The mechanical properties of the propellant are superior to polyurethane with an improvement of 14% in tensile strength, 22% enhancement in elongation at break, and 12% in modulus.
Thermal degradation of polymers with phenylene units in the chain. III. Polyarylates (1969)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of three aromatic polyesters was studied in vacuo. The degradation products were analyzed by mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Breakdown mechanisms are proposed. Primary cleavage of the ester linkages appears to take place either between the carbonyl and the oxygen or between the oxygen and the ring, yielding carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in varying ratios. Another major decomposition product is a sublimate which seems to consist mainly of the phenolic component of the polyester. A polyester with a 2,2‐propylene linkage showed, as expected, early loss of methane. A pendent pentyloxy chain in one of the polymers is removed almost completely below 350°C with formation of alkanes and alkenes. Lack of oxygen in the fragments indicates that the main cleavage must occur between the ether oxygen and the aliphatic chain or with in the aliphatic chain.
Understanding FOXP3: Progress Towards Achieving Transplantation Tolerance (2007)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress immune responses, making them an exciting therapeutic target for achieving operational transplant tolerance. Recent observations have identified forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) as a master gene required for the development and function of Treg. Improving our understanding of FOXP3 may facilitate methods for identifying and generating Treg.
Concupiscence politique (1997)

Wolfe Charles T. Concupiscence politique. In: Chimères. Revue des schizoanalyses, N°32, hiver 1997. Retour vers le futur. pp. 131-140.
Two Dawson-Templated Three-Dimensional Metal−Organic Frameworks Based on Oxalate-Bridged Binuclear Cobalt(II)/Nickel(II) SBUs and Bpy Linkers (2008)

The Dawson anion P 2W 18O 62 (6-) has been used as a noncoordinating polyoxoanion template for the construction of two metal-organic frameworks, namely, [M 2(bpy) 3(H 2O) 2(ox)][P 2W 18O 62]2(H 2-bpy). nH 2O (M = Co(II), n = 3 ( 1); M = Ni(II), n = 2 ( 2)) (bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine; ox = C 2O 4 (2-)). Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that both of the structures exhibit 3D host frameworks constructed from the oxalate-bridged binuclear superoctahedron secondary building units (SBUs) and bpy linkers and the voids of which are occupied by Dawson anions, guest bpy, and water molecules. Magnetic studies reveal that there are antiferromagnetic exchange interactions among the transition-metal centers in compounds 1 and 2. Furthermore, a compound 1-modified carbon paste electrode ( 1-CPE) displays good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of nitrite.
MDA-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH NEUROTIC OUTPATIENTS (1976)

Ten neurotic patients (five males and five females) were treated over a period of 2 to 6 months (mean, 4.1) as outpatients. The study allowed for a maximum of 75 hours of psychotherapy (mean, 51.55 hours). During the course of treatment, two to four (mean, 3.5) administrations of MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) were employed as adjunctive aids in an effort to enhance the psychotherapeutic process. The mean duration of the drug sessions was 8 hours (range, 6 to 14 hours). The first administration of MDA took place when, in the therapist's judgment, sufficient rapport had been established with the patient. All patients received an initial dose of 75 mg of MDA; subsequent dosage was allowed to range up to 200 mg. On these occasions, the drug appeared to be well tolerated with no serious side effects or complications observed. Psychometric assessments were obtained pre- and post-treatment, employing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scales (WPRS), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). In addition, follow-up evaluations were obtained 6 months after the termination of therapy by the use of the MMPI, WPRS, BPRS, and a Social History Questionnaire (SHQ) which had also been administered before treatment was initiated. Clinically, the impression was obtained that psychotherapy and the adjunctive use of MDA appeared to facilitate improvement in these patients. This impression was substantiated by significant reductions in scores on the psychometric assessments measuring depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive traits. The meaures evaluating the sense of well-being and self-actualization also were encouraging. Although some of the patients were not as responsive as others, there were no observations to suggest that the condition of any of these patients had become worse.
A Lamp as a Reproducible Source of near Black-Body Radiation for Precise Pyrometry up to 2700 °C (1967)

The lamp described was designed primarily as an alternative to the tungsten strip lamp, which is used as a temperature standard for radiation pyrometry, in order to obtain greater reproducibility and a higher maximum temperature. A close approximation to a black-body radiator is achieved by electrically heating in vacuo (to 1800 °C) or in argon (to 2700 °C,) a tungsten tube, 2 mm in diameter and 45 mm long, in which the radiating surface is a bundle of fine tungsten wire situated at the centre of the tube. The radiation emerges axially from an aperture 1 mm in diameter near the end of the tube. Within the limits of ±0.2% no difference in emissivity could be detected over the wavelength range examined, namely 0.5 to 0.7 μm and the absolute value of the emissivity was estimated to be not less than 0.95. The constancy of the current-temperature calibration of the vacuum lamp, when operated continuously at 1800 °C for at least 100 h is ±0.02 °C. At this temperature the vacuum lamp requires 29 A at 5 V. The argonfilled lamp can be operated at 2700 °C (56 A, 12 V) at which temperature a slow drift in calibration of about 0.05 °C/h occurs.
Risk factors associated with default among new pulmonary TB patients and social support in six Russian regions. (2007)

Unemployment, alcohol abuse and homelessness were associated with increased default outcome among new TB patients, while social support for TB patients reduced default. Further prospective randomised studies are necessary to evaluate the impact and to determine the most cost-effective social support for improving treatment outcomes of TB in patients in Russia, especially among populations at risk of default.
Detection of Damage in the Equine Hoof - A possible new application for the Hot Disk Method? (2017)

The detection of damages inside the equine hoof capsule, such as keratomas, cracks and infections is sometimes hard with the methods available today. A non-invasive technique\nthat aids in the search for these conditions would be of great help in order to find these conditions without causing unnecessary damage to the horse. This study investigates a possible application for an already existing thermal transport measurement technique known as the Hot Disk Method. In this technique, a spiral shaped sensor is pressed against the surface of the material while heated by an electrical current. By measuring the resulting temperature change in the sensor, information on the underlying material’s thermal properties can be obtained. The method is quick, compact and non-invasive since the total temperature increase is limited to a maximum of 5 K. Furthermore, the technique has shown capability of detecting structural changes within a material by probing the variation of thermal conductivity perpendicular to the sensor surface. Previously, tests have been conducted on conserved horse hooves where the layered structure of the hoof is detectable.\n\nThis study focuses on gathering data from live, healthy horses without any known hoof conditions in order to start building up a database of information. It is a crucial step towards the development of a possible new tool which could become an aid in the work of veterinarians and farriers in the future. Short tests to obtain information about the thermal properties of the hooves are conducted, as well as longer tests to probe the conductivity variation to see whether structural difference is also detectable in live horse hooves. Furthermore, some short measurements are conducted on conserved hooves in a controlled laboratory environment for comparison. In addition, a COMSOL model of a horse hoof is constructed,\nwith a heat source corresponding to the Hot Disk sensor, for numerical simulation of the conductivity vs. probing depth measurements.
Intracellular kinetics of iron in reticulocytes: evidence for endosome involvement in iron targeting to mitochondria (2004)

In erythroid cells the vast majority of iron (Fe) released from endosomes must cross both the outer and the inner mitochondrial membranes to reach ferrochelatase that inserts Fe into protoporphyrin IX. In the present study, we developed a method whereby a cohort of 59Fe-transferrin (Tf)-laden endosomal vesicles were generated, from which we could evaluate the transfer of 59Fe into mitochondria. Iron chelators, dipyridyl or salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH), were able to bind the 59Fe when they were present during a 37 degrees C incubation; however, addition of these agents only during lysis at 4 degrees C chelated virtually no 59Fe. Bafilomycin A1 (which prevents endosome acidification) and succinylacetone (an inhibitor of 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase) prevented endosomal 59Fe incorporation into heme. Importantly, both the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor wortmannin and the calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7), caused significant inhibition of 59Fe incorporation from 59Fe-Tf-labeled endosomes into heme, suggesting that myosin is required for Tf-vesicle movement. Our results reaffirm the astonishing efficiency of Tf-derived Fe utilization in hemoglobin (Hb)-producing cells and demonstrate that very little of this Fe is present in a chelatable pool. Collectively, these results are congruent with our hypothesis that a transient endosome-mitochondrion interaction mediates iron transfer between these organelles.
Relationship between donor fraction cell‐free DNA and clinical rejection in heart transplantation (2022)

DF cfDNA has excellent agreement with clinical rejection and, importantly, serial measurement of DF cfDNA predict clinically significant outcomes post treatment for rejection in these patients.