gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realistic simulation on reverse characteristics of SiC/GaN p-n junctions for high power semiconductor devices (2011)

This paper presents a practical methodology for realistic simulation on reverse characteristics of Wide Bandgap (WBG) SiC/GaN p-n junctions. The adjustment on certain physic-based model parameters, such as the trap density and photo-generation for SiC junction, and impact ionization coefficients and critical field for GaN junction are described. The adjusted parameters were used in Synopsys Medici simulation to obtain a realistic p-n junction avalanche breakdown voltage. The simulation results were verified through benchmarking against independent data reported by others.
NodeMD (2007)

Software failures in wireless sensor systems are notoriously difficult to debug. Resource constraints in wireless deployments substantially restrict visibility into the root causes of node-level system and application faults. At the same time, the high cost of deployment ofwireless sensor systems often far exceeds the cumulative cost of allother sensor hardware, so that software failures that completely disable a node are prohibitively expensive to repair in real worldapplications, e.g. by on-site visits to replace or reset nodes. We describe NodeMD, a deployment management system that successfully implements lightweight run-time detection, logging, and notificationof software faults on wireless mote-class devices. NodeMD introduces a debug mode that catches a failure before it completely disables a node and drops the node into a stable state that enables further diagnosis and correction, thus avoiding on-site redeployment. We analyze the performance of NodeMD on a real world application ofwireless sensor systems.
OS0902 Elastic Analysis of Composite Materials Using Spun Yarn as Preform (2013)

Staple spun yarn is used as preform for natural fiber reinforced composites. In addition, innovative techniques to make spun yarn from carbon nanotubes have recently emerged; this enables us to make carbon nanotube reinforced composites more easily. However, spun yarn has very complex geometry of staple fibers such as twist, migration and discontinuity. The complexity gives rise to difficulty for analyzing staple spun yarn. In this study, an analytical method for the mechanical behavior of staple spun yarn reinforced composites is developed using the theory of anisotropic elasticity.
Structure-guided mutational analysis of T4 RNA ligase 1 (2006)

T4 RNA ligase 1 (Rnl1) is a tRNA repair enzyme that circumvents an RNA-damaging host antiviral response. Whereas the three-step reaction scheme of Rnl1 is well established, the structural basis for catalysis has only recently been appreciated as mutational and crystallographic approaches have converged. Here we performed a structure-guided alanine scan of nine conserved residues, including side chains that either contact the ATP substrate via adenine (Leu179, Val230), the 2'-OH (Glu159), or the gamma phosphate (Tyr37) or coordinate divalent metal ions at the ATP alpha phosphate (Glu159, Tyr246) or beta phosphate (Asp272, Asp273). We thereby identified Glu159 and Tyr246 as essential for RNA sealing activity in vitro and for tRNA repair in vivo. Structure-activity relationships at Glu159 and Tyr246 were clarified by conservative substitutions. Eliminating the phosphate-binding Tyr37, and the magnesium-binding Asp272 and Asp273 side chains had little impact on sealing activity in vitro or in vivo, signifying that not all atomic interactions in the active site are critical for function. Analysis of mutational effects on individual steps of the ligation pathway underscored how different functional groups come into play during the ligase-adenylylation reaction versus the subsequent steps of RNA-adenylylation and phosphodiester formation. Moreover, the requirements for sealing exogenous preformed RNA-adenylate are more stringent than are those for sealing the RNA-adenylate intermediate formed in situ during ligation of a 5'-PO4 RNA.
STUDIES ON THE CAUSE OF CERTAIN SURFACE DEFECTS, APPEARED ON THE HEAVY KILLED-STEEL PLATE (1954)

The surface quality of very heavy plates which ranged from about 16 to 150mm in thickness and were rolled from 4 to 80ton carbon steel ingots after along soaking time, was frequently spoiled due to the appearance of certain check patterns, the cause of which hitherto had been remained rather unknown. The authors investigated this kind of surface defects statistically and some experimental supplementary data were obtained as follows:1) Under ordinary operations of soaking pit, the surface defects became more remarkable with the soaking time.2) Variation of defects between charges was less than those within them.3) No definite relation between the defects and ingot-moulding practice was found.4) Surface-layer concentration of impurities such as nikel, copper and arsenic by selected oxidation was caused in most cases in ingots or billets after the ordinary soaking time.5) Micro-examination along the surface-layer of soaked ingots or billets revealed sometimes decarbonization, intergranular penetration of scaling and oxidized inclusions, whilst Charpy specimens which had been taken from those surface and bended at 700-1300°C showed a surface cracking especially at 900-1100°C.6) Specimens added with about 1% Cu and As respectively did not show such surface cracking as that in the above bending test.From these results, the cause of this surface defects was presumed to be an embrittled surfacelayer by oxygen increase during a long time heating.
Sequence-based LQG control over stochastic networks with linear integral constraints (2014)

In this paper, we consider sequence-based LQG control of stochastic linear systems with linear integral state and input constraints over networks subject to stochastic packet delays and losses. For this scenario, we derive a novel closed-loop optimal control law that consists of a feedback term that depends linearly on the current state estimate and network acknowledgments, and a feedforward term that depends on the initial system state, the constraints, and network acknowledgments. The feedback term is given in closed-form, while the feedforward term demands the solution of a quadratic program. The number of decision variables corresponds to the number of constraints. The presented control law is evaluated by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation.
Calsenilin reverses presenilin-mediated enhancement of calcium signaling (2000)

Most cases of autosomal-dominant familial Alzheimer's disease are linked to mutations in the presenilin genes (PS1 and PS2). In addition to modulating beta-amyloid production, presenilin mutations also produce highly specific and selective alterations in intracellular calcium signaling. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are not known, one candidate molecular mediator is calsenilin, a recently identified calcium-binding protein that associates with the C terminus of both PS1 and PS2. In this study, we investigated the effects of calsenilin on calcium signaling in Xenopus oocytes expressing either wild-type or mutant PS1. In this system, mutant PS1 potentiated the amplitude of calcium signals evoked by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and also accelerated their rates of decay. We report that calsenilin coexpression reverses both of these potentially pathogenic effects. Notably, expression of calsenilin alone had no discernable effects on calcium signaling, suggesting that calsenilin modulates these signals by a mechanism independent of simple calcium buffering. Our findings further suggest that the effects of presenilin mutations on calcium signaling are likely mediated through the C-terminal domain, a region that has also been implicated in the modulation of beta-amyloid production and cell death.
Abundance and mtDNA differentiation of humpback whales (<i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>) in the Shumagin Islands, Alaska (2004)

Despite extensive research on humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)) in parts of the North Pacific, little research has focused on the whales feeding in coastal waters west of Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska. To extend research westward in the North Pacific, small-boat surveys were conducted near the Shumagin Islands during the summers of 1999–2002. Photographs of the natural markings of humpback whales were collected, representing 413 sightings of 171 individual whales. Small samples of skin tissue were collected from 20 individuals, including two mother–calf pairs, for sex identification and comparison of mtDNA haplogroups with previously published results from surveys in other regions of the North Pacific. Individual identification photographs were used in mark–recapture analysis to estimate abundance for the Shumagin Island region. The best estimate was given by a modified Jolly–Seber method: N = 410 (95% CI: 241–683) for 2002. Comparison of photographs with archived photographs from throughout the North Pacific revealed four migratory destinations for 13 of the Shumagin Islands whales: Hawai'i, Japan, offshore Mexico, and coastal Mexico. The frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups differed significantly from those in three other sampled feeding grounds: California, southeastern Alaska, and Prince William Sound. The haplogroup frequencies and migratory destinations of individuals suggested an affinity with the Hawaiian wintering ground but data are insufficient to associate whales off the Shumagin Islands with any surveyed breeding ground.
Scalable Value-Cache Based Compression Schemes for Multiprocessors (2006)

Data link compression can efficiently compress the data stream between main memory and the processor chip in single processor systems. By dynamically updating a value cache on each side of the link with the most frequently transmitted values, frequent value encoding can compress the data stream by up to 70%. Unfortunately, the number of value caches needed grows quadratically with the number of nodes in multiprocessors which causes a scalability problem. This paper shows that by sharing the caches between different pairs of communicating nodes, the frequent values stored at each node can be utilized more efficiently. For interconnects with point-to-point links, it is shown, however, that sharing of caches introduces overhead traffic for keeping the value caches consistent. If all misses in the shared cache are broadcast to all other nodes, the generated traffic becomes so large, that it is better to transmit the values uncompressed. We propose and evaluate three techniques that aim at reducing this overhead and find that it is possible to reduce most of this traffic, but at the cost of less efficient compression and the final result is comparable to using dedicated value caches
ChemInform Abstract: Charged‐Assisted Supramolecular Catalysis (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crystal structure of Tl-substituted HG-1223 superconductor with critical temperature of 138K under atmospheric pressure (1995)

Since the discovery of the Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors, several members of the system bearing the formula HgBa 2 Ca n−1 Cu n O 2n+2+x (n=l,2,3) were synthesized. The highest critical temperature T c of 133.5K under atmospheric pressure was achieved from the Hg-1223 compound (n=3). The Hg-compounds are structurally analogous to the single-layer Tl-based compounds TlBa 2 Ca n−1 Cu n O 2n+2+x . In Hg-1223, oxygen is almost absent in the Hg-O plane at the stoichiometric (x=0) composition. In contrast, the oxygen sites in the Tl-O plane are nearly fully occupied. The difference in oxygen occupancy of the corresponding rock-salt Hg-O and Tl-O planes in Hg- 1223 and Tl-2223 is due to the difference in valence of Hg 2+ and Tl 3+ . To create a necessary fractional oxygen occupation in the Hg-O planes, a partial substitution of Tl for Hg was carried out and the T c of the Tl-substituted sample raised up to 138K. We report here on the crystal structure of the new compound. Synthesis and properties has been published elsewhere.
Performance of the Affymetrix GeneChip HIV PRT 440 Platform for Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Genotyping of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clades and Viral Isolates with Length Polymorphisms (1999)

The performance of a silica chip-based resequencing method, the Affymetrix HIV PRT 440 assay (hereafter referred to as the Affymetrix assay), was evaluated on a panel of well-characterized nonclade B viral isolates and on isolates exhibiting length polymorphisms. Sequencing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol cDNAs from clades A, C, D, E, and F resulted in clade-specific regions of base-calling ambiguities in regions not known to be associated with resistance polymorphisms, as well as a small number of spurious resistance polymorphisms. The Affymetrix assay failed to detect the presence of additional serine codons distal to reverse transcriptase (RT) codon 68 that are associated with multinucleoside RT inhibitor resistance. The increasing prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains in the United States and Europe and the identification of clinically relevant pol gene length polymorphisms will impact the generalizability of the Affymetrix assay, emphasizing the need to accommodate this expanding pool of pol genotypes in future assay versions.
Influence of Plastic Pre-strain on Crack Growth in Hot Rolled High Tensile Strength Steel Sheets (2013)

A study to evaluate the effect of pre-strain on crack growth is carried out based on fracture mechanical method using 3 point bend test. Two kinds of hot rolled high tensile strength steel sheets were used as samples. One has relatively uniform microstructure strengthened by precipitates, and the other has relatively non-uniform microstructure strengthened by hard secondary phase particles. The effect of pre-strain on fracture mechanical resistance to crack growth was measured, and the mechanism involved in the result was discussed.And the following conclusions were obtained.1) The steel sheet with uniform microstructure has a higher resistance to initiation of crack growth (Jq), and tearing modulus (Tmat) than the other. Pre-strain reduces the resistance to initiation of crack growth of the both steel sheets. However, the decrease in Jq due to pre-strain is more significant in steel sheets with non-uniform microstructure.2) The main factors determining crack growth in steel sheet with uniform microstructure are large precipitates and inclusions, and that for the other steel sheet is the secondary hard phase.3) The reason for decline of Jq due to pre-strain is attributed to the increase of density of voids in the vicinity of crack front due to pre-straining. The difference in the influence of pre-strain on Jq may be understood as the difference in the density of void nucleation sites. Namely, larger density of void nucleation sites in the steel with non-uniform microstructure leads to lower Jq.
[Colonic perforation during combined steroid and radiotherapy. Diagnosis and treatment]. (1996)

Eight patients with colon perforations after combined treatment with radiotherapy and steroid medication are studied retrospectively. Sigmoid diverticuli perforated after a minimum of 5 days treatment. The main symptom was a varying degree of abdominal pain. Clinical parameters were of limited value. The most important single examination was plain abdominal x-ray, though this was not positive in all cases. Seven patients were operated on, one with simple suture, the rest with Hartmann's procedure. None developed postoperative peritonitis. One died from cerebral infarction. Four died within 38 days postoperatively after discharge from hospital. Abdominal symptoms during high dose steroid treatment may indicate perforation of the colon. Immediate operative intervention may have an uncomplicated postoperative course.
3D structure of Thermus aquaticus single-stranded DNA-binding protein gives insight into the functioning of SSB proteins (2006)

In contrast to the majority of tetrameric SSB proteins, the recently discovered SSB proteins from the Thermus/Deinoccus group form dimers. We solved the crystal structures of the SSB protein from Thermus aquaticus (TaqSSB) and a deletion mutant of the protein and show the structure of their ssDNA binding domains to be similar to the structure of tetrameric SSBs. Two conformations accompanied by proline cis-trans isomerization are observed in the flexible C-terminal region. For the first time, we were able to trace 6 out of 10 amino acids at the C-terminus of an SSB protein. This highly conserved region is essential for interaction with other proteins and we show it to adopt an extended conformation devoid of secondary structure. A model for binding this region to the chi subunit of DNA polymerase III is proposed. It explains at a molecular level the reason for the ssb113 phenotype observed in Escherichia coli.
Cutaneous Sarcomatoid B-Cell Lymphoma (2007)

A rare case of a spindle cell (sarcomatoid) B-cell lymphoma is described. The patient, a 48-year-old male, presented with a several month history of an enlarging lesion on the scalp. Although there have been a few recent reports of cutaneous sarcomatoid lymphomas, this case is especially unusual because it presented as a scarlike plaque rather than a tumor and microscopically exhibited a prominent myxoid matrix. Given these features, the lesion was initially interpreted as an atypical fibromucinosis. The differential diagnosis included fibromucinous lesion consistent with variant of lichen myxedematosus, spindle cell carcinoma, spindle cell melanoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, and atypical smooth muscle tumors. Initial immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated negative staining for CD68, factor XIIIa, CD57, cytokeratin(AE1/AE3), S100, EMA, and vimentin, essentially ruling out the previously mentioned neoplasms. Subsequently, strong positive staining for LCA(CD45RB) and CD20 was demonstrated characteristic of a B-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent local radiotherapy with complete resolution. Although all variants of cutaneous sarcomatoid B-cell lymphomas are rare, it is imperative to consider them in the differential diagnosis of otherwise difficult to categorize spindle cell proliferations. This includes neoplasms and, based on the current case, fibromucinoses as well.
The Stereoselective Reaction of Bicyclic Enamines with Sulfene (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stereoselective Reaction of Bicyclic Enamines with SulfeneLeo A. PaquetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 10, 2851–2854Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01033a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01033a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Some Advances in Techniques for the Study of Adsorbed Monolayers at the Liquid-Air Interface (1948)

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MEK1 is required for the development of NRAS-driven leukemia (2016)

The dual-specificity kinases MEK1 and MEK2 act downstream of RAS/RAF to induce ERK activation, which is generally considered protumorigenic. Activating MEK mutations have not been discovered in leukemia, in which pathway activation is caused by mutations in upstream components such as RAS or Flt3. The anti-leukemic potential of MEK inhibitors is being tested in clinical trials; however, downregulation of MEK1 promotes Eμ-Myc-driven lymphomagenesis and MEK1 ablation induces myeloproliferative disease in mice, raising the concern that MEK inhibitors may be inefficient or counterproductive in this context. We investigated the role of MEK1 in the proliferation of human leukemic cell lines and in retroviral models of leukemia. Our data show that MEK1 suppression via RNA interference and genomic engineering does not affect the proliferation of human leukemic cell lines in culture; similarly, MEK1 ablation does not impact the development of MYC-driven leukemia in vivo. In contrast, MEK1 ablation significantly reduces tumorigenesis driven by Nras alone or in combination with Myc. Thus, while MEK1 restricts proliferation and tumorigenesis in some cellular and genetic contexts, it cannot be considered a tumor suppressor in the context of leukemogenesis. On the contrary, its role in NRAS-driven leukemogenesis advocates the use of MEK inhibitors, particularly in combination with PI3K/AKT inhibitors, in hematopoietic malignancies involving RAS activation.
Controlling nuisance blackbirds in roosts (2010)

"Many homeowners enjoy landscaping for wildlife and having birds in their yard. However, most people lose their enthusiasm when large flocks of birds roost in their trees or shrubs. Although not everyone finds the noise of large numbers of birds annoying, most people soon become disgusted with the droppings that accumulate beneath a roost or the odor that develops if the birds remain for a long time. In Missouri, blackbirds -- including red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) -- can establish winter and summer roosts that can create a nuisance or health hazard (Figure 1)."--Page 1.
Muscle-Specific Overexpression of PGC-1α Does Not Augment Metabolic Improvements in Response to Exercise and Caloric Restriction (2014)

This study used mice with muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, to determine whether increased oxidative potential facilitates metabolic improvements in response to lifestyle modification. MCK-PGC1α mice and nontransgenic (NT) littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, followed by stepwise exposures to voluntary wheel running (HFD+Ex) and then 25% caloric restriction with exercise (Ex/CR), each for an additional 10 weeks with continued HFD. Running and CR improved weight and glucose control similarly in MCK-PGC1α and NT mice. Sedentary MCK-PGC1α mice were more susceptible to diet-induced glucose intolerance, and insulin action measured in isolated skeletal muscles remained lower in the transgenic compared with the NT group, even after Ex/CR. Comprehensive profiling of >200 metabolites and lipid intermediates revealed dramatic group-specific responses to the intervention but did not produce a lead candidate that tracked with changes in glucose tolerance irrespective of genotype. Instead, principal components analysis identified a chemically diverse metabolite cluster that correlated with multiple measures of insulin responsiveness. These findings challenge the notion that increased oxidative capacity defends whole-body energy homeostasis and suggest that the interplay between mitochondrial performance, lipotoxicity, and insulin action is more complex than previously proposed.