gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hierarchical, HMM-based automatic evaluation of OCR accuracy for a digital library of books (2006)

A number of projects are creating searchable digital libraries of printed books. These include the Million Book Project, the Google Book project and similar efforts from Yahoo and Microsoft. Content-based on line book retrieval usually requires first converting printed text into machine readable (e.g. ASCII) text using an optical character recognition (OCR) engine and then doing full text search on the results. Many of these books are old and there are a variety of processing steps that are required to create an end to end system. Changing any step (including the scanning process) can affect OCR performance and hence a good automatic statistical evaluation of OCR performance on book length material is needed. Evaluating OCR performance on the entire book is non-trivial. The only easily obtainable ground truth (the Gutenberg e-texts) must be automatically aligned with the OCR output over the entire length of a book. This may be viewed as equivalent to the problem of aligning two large (easily a million long) sequences. The problem is further complicated by OCR errors as well as the possibility of large chunks of missing material in one of the sequences. We propose a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based hierarchical alignment algorithm to align OCR output and the ground truth for books. We believe this is the first work to automatically align a whole book without using any book structure information. The alignment process works by breaking up the problem of aligning two long sequences into the problem of aligning many smaller subsequences. This can be rapidly and effectively done. Experimental results show that our hierarchical alignment approach works very well even if OCR output has a high recognition error rate. Finally, we evaluate the performance of a commercial OCR engine over a large dataset of books based on the alignment results.
CD63 modulates spreading and tyrosine phosphorylation of platelets on immobilized fibrinogen (2005)

CD63 is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily of integral membrane proteins. Present on a variety of cells, tetraspanins can form lateral associations with integrins and may act as 'organizers' of multimolecular networks that modulate integrinmediated signaling, cell morphology, motility and migration. In resting platelets, CD63 is present on the membranes of dense granules and lysosomes but relocates to the plasma membrane following platelet activation and exocytosis where it associates with the platelet integrin alphaIIBbeta3-CD9 complex and with the actin cytoskeleton in an alphaIIBbeta 3-dependent manner. D545, a monoclonal antibody directed at the second extracellular loop of CD63,was used to investigate the role of CD63 in platelet adhesion, spreading and tyrosine phosphorylation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and confocal imaging, we have demonstrated that D545 does not alter adhesion of platelets to immobilized fibrinogen, but instead platelet spreading. In the presence of buffer or non-specific mouse IgG, activated platelets showed fully spread morphology, F-actin reorganization, redistribution of vinculin and extensive tyrosine phosphorylation, all of which were inhibited by D545. D545 also inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in thrombin-activated adherent platelets. These results suggest that CD63 may modulate alphaIIBbeta3-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization. To identify signaling enzymes associated with CD63 that could affect this pathway, lipid kinase assays were performed on D545 immunoprecipitates. CD63 co-immunoprecipitated with a lipid kinase which, on the basis of enzymatic properties(stimulated by nonionic detergents, inhibited by adenosine), is consistent with PI 4-kinase type II. The CD63-PI 4-kinase complex was not activation-dependent as the constituents were co-purified from both resting and activated platelets. The linkage of CD63 with PI 4-kinase may result in the recruitment of this signaling enzyme to specific membrane locations in the platelet where it influences phosphoinositide-dependent signaling and platelet spreading.
An Efficient Pruning Method to Process Reverse Skyline Queries (2014)

Several algorithms for processing reverse skyline queries have been proposed in recent literature. However, these algorithms are based on pre-processing approaches, and hence involve complex procedures and waste storage space due to inefficient use of storage. In addition, they are not robust to frequently changing data as, they have to re-compute and update the pre-computed results. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a novel algorithm to efficiently process reverse skyline queries using an approach based on two pruning methods: the search-area pruning method and the candidate-objects pruning method. Utilizing these pruning methods, the algorithm is able to process reverse skyline queries efficiently even in situations where data is changing frequently. The proposed algorithm also effectively reduces the inefficient use of storage under existing approaches for storing pre-computed results. We conducted extensive experiments to show that the proposed algorithm shows better performance compared to existing approaches regardless of the dimension, distribution, or size of the data.
[Rapidly progressing forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in adolescents]. (2001)

Examination of 23 adolescents with rapidly progressive pulmonary tuberculosis (RPPT) discovered severe bilateral lesions in 47.8%, caverns in 91.3%, M. tuberculosis in 86.9% of the examinees. 75% of the adolescents were resistant to antituberculous treatment. RPPT in adolescents is represented mainly by infiltration pulmonary tuberculosis (78.3%), caseous pneumonia and disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (21.7%). RPPT develops because of late diagnosis and infection with drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
[Quantitative study on copy numbers of porcine endogenous retroviruses in genome of Banna miniature swine inbred line]. (2006)

The copy numbers of pol, envA and envB genes of PERV in porcine genome were significantly different among the inbred herds of Banna miniature swines, and envC and envA/C were absent in genome of Banna Miniature Swines.
Battery Charging Application with Thermoelectric Generators as Energy Harvesters (2019)

This paper discusses and presents the implementation of a boost converter as power electronic interface to be used with the thermoelectric generator (TEG). The common application for such system is the battery charger. The boundary conditions for battery chargers include the charging current and battery voltage limits which have to be respected throughout the charging process, while the maximization of the power generated from the TEG is a global target that is desired to be met as much as possible. Coordinated control algorithm that collectively combines these constraints is the main focus of this work. Novel global control algorithm is proposed and verified in this paper with detailed analysis that shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Dual control loops for the voltage and current of the boost converter will be designed and analyzed to satisfy the source and load demands. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, power matching mode and voltage stabilization mode will be integrated in the control algorithm of the battery charger. This paper puts a schematic design for a system that harvests energy from a thermoelectric generator bank of a TEG1-12611-6.0 TEG modules in order to charge a battery bank of Samsung ICR18650 Batteries using constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging profiles.
EXCL: A Circuit Extractor for IC Designs (1984)

This paper describes EXCL, an automated circuit extraction program that transforms an IC layout into a circuit representation suitable for detailed circuit simulation. The program has built-in, general extraction algorithms capable of accurate computations of interconnection resistance, internodal capacitance, ground capacitance, and transistor sizes. However, where possible, the general algorithms are replaced with simple techniques, thereby improving execution speed. A basic component of the extractor is a procedure that decomposes regions into domains appropriate for specialized or simple algorithms. The paper describes the decomposition algorithm, the extraction algorithms and discusses how they connect with the rest of EXCL.
Memory Operation of InAs Quantum Dot Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor (2001)

The memory operation of a self-assembled InAs quantum dot heterostructure field effect transistor (FET) is presented. The amount of trapped electrons in the quantum dots determines the gate-source capacitance and the drain current at a gate bias. In capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) measurement at low frequency, the quantum dots respond to the signal and a difference of capacitance was observed. These results imply that the memory operation is due to the charge trapping effect of InAs quantum dots.
Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry in man: current status and recommendations. (1987)

Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry in man: current status and recommendationsIn April 1986 a discussion meeting entitled 'Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry using pH-electrodes in man' was held in Zurich, Switzerland.The meeting brought together specialists in theoretical aspects of pH-recording, design and manufacture of equipment, and clinical application of this technique.The aim was to define the actual level of knowledge of pH monitoring in the upper gastrointestinal tract and to provide recommendations for its practical use.In view of the increasing use of intraluminal pH-metry it was considered timely to hold a discussion with the focus primarily on equipment and experimental design because under- standing these factors is essential for application of pH-metry to research and routine clinical investigation.The meeting was organised in a format designed to maximise discussion and arrive at a consensus view.Before the meeting, participants submitted up to three concise statements on assigned topics, which were then precirculated to all 41 delegates.Fifty nine topics ranging from 'Interference of external factors with pH-measurements -temperature' to 'Specific problems of duodenal pH-metry -normal values' were addressed.There were no formal presentations and the entire meeting was devoted to discussion leading to modification, addition or replacement of these statements.Finally, delegates voted (agree, disagree, no opinion) on all statements and on the overall importance of a particular topic.These statements form the basis of this text with the voting being used to define the balance and emphasis of the article.Thus, the purpose of this article is to reflect the conclusions of the meeting and to incorporate a series of precise and unambiguous recommendations.As such certain of the statements may appear more dogmatic than in a conventional review article. Equipment pH-ELECTRODEIntraluminal pH can be measured by either a glass, plastic or ISFET (ion sensitive field effect transistor) combination electrode (containing both sensing and reference elements) or a unipolar (sensing electrode alone) monocrystalline antimony electrode connected to a pH-meter via cable.Combination glass telemetry capsules are also available which avoid potential problems associated with the cable but are more susceptible to errors caused by electromagnetic fields.Combination glass electrodes predominate'3 although monocrystalline antimony electrodes are being used increasingly for oesophageal pH-metry.4Currently, combination glass 1177
Correction: Semi‐mature DC are immunogenic and not tolerogenic when inoculated at a high dose in collagen‐induced arthritis mice (2009)

Unfortunately, in this article, there has been a typesetting error in the abstract with TGF-β being printed as TGF-â. The sentence corrected for this error is as follows: “SmDC, vaccinated at lower doses, markedly induced forkhead box P3 Treg, Th2 cytokines (IL-4/IL-10), and TGF-β in their immune deviation.”
Modulation of neutrophil migration by exogenous gaseous nitric oxide (1996)

We studied the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on migration of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Exogenous NO enhanced random migration of neutrophils in a concentration-dependent way. An optimally stimulatory effect was observed with 0.5 microM NO, whereas at higher NO concentrations the enhancing effect decreased again. NO caused a rapid and transient increase in intracellular guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels. The enhancing effect of NO on random migration was largely reversed by the inhibitors of cGMP accumulation, LY-83583 and methylene blue, and by the antagonists of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, 8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS) and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS). These observations strongly suggest that the enhancement of random migration by NO is mediated by cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. The effect of NO on migration did not occur in the absence of extracellular calcium. Although NO did not induce a measurable elevation of intracellular free calcium, pre-incubation with the intracellular calcium chelator Fura-2/AM abolished the enhancing effect of NO. It appears therefore that a small change in the level of cytoplasmic free calcium does play a role in the enhancement of random migration by NO. High concentrations of NO were found to inhibit chemotaxis induced by an optimal concentration of the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). This inhibitory effect was also dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. A role for cGMP in the inhibition of fMLP-induced chemotaxis by NO is not supported by our measurements of intracellular cGMP levels. In contrast to the effects on fMLP, NO did not affect chemotaxis induced by the phorbol ester PMA. In conclusion, we show that NO, not derived from NO donors but applied directly, may stimulate or inhibit neutrophil migration, dependent on the concentration. The enhancing effect of NO on random migration is mediated by cGMP, which emphasizes the importance of this second messenger as a modulator of neutrophil functional.
THE PREPARATION OF SAMARIUM AND YTTERBIUM METALS<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF SAMARIUM AND YTTERBIUM METALS1A. H. Daane, D. H. Dennison, and F. H. SpeddingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 9, 2272–2273Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01105a526https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01105a526research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Food Preferences among Adolescent Girls (11-13 Yrs) in Allahabad City (2013)

A study was conducted on a sum of 100 adolescent (11-13 yrs) girls, randomly selected with the objective to assess the food habits and food preferences among adolescent girls. The collection of data was done through interview schedules and dietary survey methods. The schedule follows preference test of seven point hedonic scale. The study reveals that 56 per cent girls were vegetarian , 31 per cent girls were non-vegetarian and 13 per cent girls were eggetarian. From the study it was clear that commercial food products were an instant hit among the upcoming generation showing the preference sequence of is like very much (40.2%), like moderately (28.75%), like extremely (28%), neither like nor dislike (4.65%), dislike moderately (0.00%), dislike very much (0.00%) and dislike extremely (0.00 %).
PASTEL: A Semantic Platform for Assisted Clinical Trial Patient Recruitment (2013)

Clinical trial recruitment encompasses many challenging tasks. Chief amongst those is the fast and reliable recruitment of eligible participants for the study. Much of this selection is still performed manually, despite the possibility of missing eligible patients (up to 60% according to some studies). To mitigate this issue, a Topic Maps-based semantic platform was developed at the Antwerp University Hospital to assist in the recruitment of clinical trial participants from the full patient population. The platform consists of (1) a web-based editor for the creation of ontology-based clinical trial representations, (2) a patient evaluator that connects to structured and unstructured hospital data sources to determine eligibility for a clinical trial, and (3) a web-based analytics module for reviewing evaluation results. The semantic nature of the clinical trial representation allows for generic formalization as well as for local adaptation of the study protocol to accommodate a specific hospital IT infrastructure.
Bacterial cellulose: a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications (2019)

Although several therapeutic approaches are available for wound and burn treatment and much progress has been made in this area, room for improvement still exists, driven by the urgent need of better strategies to accelerate wound healing and recovery, mostly for cases of severe burned patients. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by bacteria with several advantages over vegetal cellulose, such as purity, high porosity, permeability to liquid and gases, elevated water uptake capacity and mechanical robustness. Besides its biocompatibility, BC can be modified in order to acquire antibacterial response and possible local drug delivery features. Due to its intrinsic versatility, BC is the perfect example of a biotechnological response to a clinical problem. In this review, we assess the BC main features and emphasis is given to a specific biomedical application: wound dressings. The production process and the physical-chemical properties that entitle this material to be used as wound dressing namely for burn healing are highlighted. An overview of the most common BC composites and their enhanced properties, in particular physical and biological, is provided, including the different production processes. A particular focus is given to the biochemistry and genetic manipulation of BC. A summary of the current marketed BC-based wound dressing products is presented, and finally, future perspectives for the usage of BC as wound dressing are foreseen.
Expanding Diversity and Common Goal of Regulatory T and B Cells. I: Origin, Phenotype, Mechanisms (2017)

Immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T and B cells is critical to limit autoimmunity, excessive inflammation, and pathological immune response to conventional antigens or allergens. Both types of regulatory cells are intensively investigated, however, their development and mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. Both T and B regulatory cells represent highly differentiated populations in terms of phenotypes and origin, however, they use similar mechanisms of action. The most investigated CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells are characterized by the expression of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> transcription factor, which is not sufficient to maintain their lineage stability and suppressive function. Currently, it is considered that specific epigenetic changes are critical for defining regulatory T cell stability in the context of their suppressive function. It is not yet known if similar epigenetic regulation determines development, lineage stability, and function of regulatory B cells. Phenotype diversity, confirmed or hypothetical developmental pathways, multiple mechanisms of action, and role of epigenetic changes in these processes are the subject of this review.
On the design of easily testable and reconfigurable systolic arrays (2003)

Methods to design easily testable and reconfigurable (ETAR) systolic arrays are proposed, and procedures to design linear unidirectional and bidirectional systolic arrays are given. The main feature of the proposed designs is that the processing elements in liner arrays can all be tested simultaneously, thus reducing the testing time significantly. Another feature is that the throughputs of the reconfigured linear unidirectional as well as bidirectional arrays can equal those of the fault-free linear arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of acetate on growth and ammonium uptake in the microalga <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i> (1994)

The effect of acetate on growth and rate of ammonium uptake in Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX 78) was investigated under light‐limiting conditions. Addition of acetate to autotrophic cells with a growth constant of 0.71 day −1 resulted in an increase in the growth rate (mixotrophy, k = 1.3 day −1 ), and in the presence of acetate, growth occurred in the dark (heterophy, k = 0.44 day −1 ). The rate of ammonium uptake in autotrophy (17.8 amol cell −1 min −1 ) was similar to that in heterotrophy (17.4 amol cell −1 min −1 ) but was 3.7 times lower than that in mixotrophy (65.9 amol cell −1 min −1 ). In general, mixotrophic cells showed optimum ammonium uptake at the acetate concentration at which they were grown. In autotrophy, uptake of ammonium leveled off at about 12.5 μ M while no saturation was observed in mixotrophic cells. An increase in the rate of uptake of ammonium was observed in autotrophic cells within 1 h after the addition of acetate. The activity of isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1), a key enzyme for the regulation of the glyoxylate cycle responsible for acetate catabolism, showed a 3.9‐fold increase in activity after 24 h in the dark in the presence of acetate. The level of isocitrate lyase activity in cells grown for 24 h in the dark in the presence of 0–20 m M acetate also increased as a function of acetate concentration.