gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical calculation of the reflection, absorption, and transmission of microwaves by a nonuniform plasma slab (1993)

The reflection, absorption, and transmission of microwaves by a magnetized, steady-state, two-dimensional, nonuniform plasma slab is studied. A discussion on the effect of various plasma parameters on the reflected power, absorbed power, and transmitted power is presented. The nonuniform plasma slab is modeled by a series of subslabs. Even though it is assumed that the number density is constant in each subslab, the overall number density profile across the whole slab follows a parabolic function. The partial reflection coefficient at each subslab boundary is computed along with the absorption at each subslab. The total reflected, absorbed, and transmitted powers are then deduced and their functional dependence on the number density, collision frequency, and angle of propagation is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Signal Duration on Categorical Loudness Scaling in Normal and in Hearing-impaired Listeners (1999)

The present study sought to determine whether the duration of white-noise bursts affects their loudness category rating in the same way for hearing-impaired as for normally-hearing subjects. Twelve normally-hearing and 12 hearing-impaired subjects took part. Categorical loudness growth functions were obtained for 16.25 ms, 32.5 ms, 75 ms, 150 ms and 300 ms white noise bursts. Temporal integration of loudness was defined as the intensity difference needed for stimuli of different durations to result in identical category ratings. In normally-hearing subjects, temporal integration of loudness occurred mainly with the short-duration (16.25 ms and 32.5 ms) stimuli, whereas it was found with almost every stimulus duration in hearing-impaired subjects. In other words, temporal integration of loudness between 16.25 ms and 300 ms stimulus duration was greater in hearing-impaired listeners and there was a difference between normal and hearing-impaired subjects regarding change in loudness perception with stimulus duration. Consequently, the use of fixed-duration stimuli hinders loudness normalization.
Pharmakologische Konzepte zur Behandlung der Adipositas – ein therapeutischer Irrweg? (2011)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Requirements for Quantifications of Weak Intermolecular Interactions from Equilibrium Studies with Supramolecular Complexes (1997)

How can meaningful values be determined for the energies of weak interactions? That this is not a trivial question is revealed by the printed correspondence, which is concerned with the correct choice of model and method for the analysis of π-π interactions between aromatic rings with the help of complexes such as 1.
Formation of tannic acid-protein complex on polyacrylamide gels and its application to electrophoretic technique. (1981)

Tannic acid (TA) and proteins interacted on polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis and formed water-insoluble complex which appeared on the gel as white and clear bands. The formation of the complex primarily depended on the pH and concentration of TA solution. The optimal pH and concentration of TA solution for complex formation on pH 4.3, 8.0 and 9.5 gels that were usually used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were established. In most proteins tested, a few micrograms per gel were detectable on the pH gels within 1 hr after electrophoresis: When Takaamylase A was localized on the gel with TA, the enzyme maintained activity in it, and the enzymatic activity was recovered in good yield from the gel. The use of staining technique in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described.
Making Sense of Data: A Practical Guide to Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining (2006)

A practical, step-by-step approach to making sense out of data Making Sense of Data educates readers on the steps and issues that need to be considered in order to successfully complete a data analysis or data mining project. The author provides clear explanations that guide the reader to make timely and accurate decisions from data in almost every field of study. A step-by-step approach aids professionals in carefully analyzing data and implementing results, leading to the development of smarter business decisions. With a comprehensive collection of methods from both data analysis and data mining disciplines, this book successfully describes the issues that need to be considered, the steps that need to be taken, and appropriately treats technical topics to accomplish effective decision making from data. Readers are given a solid foundation in the procedures associated with complex data analysis or data mining projects and are provided with concrete discussions of the most universal tasks and technical solutions related to the analysis of data, including: Problem definitions Data preparation Data visualization Data mining Statistics Grouping methods Predictive modeling Deployment issues and applications Throughout the book, the author examines why these multiple approaches are needed and how these methods will solve different problems. Processes, along with methods, are carefully and meticulously outlined for use in any data analysis or data mining project. From summarizing and interpreting data, to identifying non-trivial facts, patterns, and relationships in the data, to making predictions from the data, Making Sense of Data addresses the many issues that need to be considered as well as the steps that need to be taken to master data analysis and mining.
Unconditional security in quantum bit commitment (2001)

The commitment of bits between two mutually distrustful parties is a powerful cryptographic primitive with which many cryptographic objectives can be achieved. It is widely believed that unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment is impossible due to quantum entanglement cheating, which is codified in a general impossibility theorem. Gaps in the proof of this impossibility theorem are found. An unconditionally secure bit commitment protocol utilizing anonymous quantum states and the no-clone theorem is presented below with a full security proof.
Spinal Cord Compression Complicating Subarachnoid Infusion of Morphine: Case Report and Laboratory Experience (1991)

Abstract The intraspinal administration of morphine has been employed increasingly in the management of intractable pain of malignant as well as benign origin. We have encountered a previously unreported clinical complication: spinal cord compression by an inflammatory tissue mass surrounding a subarachnoid infusion catheter administering morphine. leading to paraplegia. The patient was referred to our institution after catheter and pump implantation for chronic, intractable pain associated with pre-existing lumbar arachnoid fibrosis, after multiple myelograms and surgeries. The patient may. therefore, have had an underlying propensity to foreign body reactions. We have encountered a similar phenomenon, however, in a canine laboratory model. The pathological features in both our patient and our laboratory preparation, with inflammatory tissue masses around the tip of the catheter but not around proximal subarachnoid segments, suggest an effect related to infusion. as opposed to infection or the presence of the catheter. We review the pathological features in both settings and the pertinent literature.
Biliary tract neoplasms: update 2003 (2004)

Biliary tract neoplasm remains one of the most aggressive malignancies. However, as for other gastrointestinal malignancies, biological studies and diagnostic and therapeutic improvements have provided interesting results that could lead to a major improvement in the prognosis of this disease.
Thermodynamic, Counterion and Hydration Effects for the Incorporation of Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Nucleotides in Duplex (2008)

A Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) monomer is a conformationally restricted nucleotide analogue with an extra 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge added to the ribose ring that is known to exhibit enhanced hybridization affinity towards complementary DNA and RNA, however the underlying thermodynamic basis for this observation are poorly understood. We have evaluated the influence of LNA residues on hybridization thermodynamics, counterions and hydration of DNA*DNA and DNA*RNA heteroduplex using spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. Thermodynamic analysis for duplex formation using UV and differential scanning calorimetry suggested that LNA-induced stabilization results from a large, favorable increase in the enthalpy of hybridization that compensates for the unfavorable entropy change. The heat capacity change, Delta C(p), accompanying the duplex formation, obtained through DSC, has also been reported and has been used to furnish thermodynamic parameters at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, it was observed that relative to the formation of unmodified duplex, the formation of LNA-modified duplexes was accompanied by a higher uptake of counterions and a lower uptake of water molecules.
Identification of Nutritional Components in Trypticase Responsible for Recovery of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Injured by Freezing (1966)

Moss, C. Wayne (North Carolina State University, Raleigh), and M. L. Speck. Identification of nutritional components in Trypticase responsible for recovery of Escherichia coli injured by freezing. J. Bacteriol. 91:1098-1104. 1966.-Freezing and storage of Escherichia coli at -20 C resulted in nonlethal or "metabolic" injury to a proportion of the surviving population. The injury was manifested as an increased nutritional requirement after freezing. Injured cells could not grow on a minimal agar medium, but could develop on Trypticase Soy Agar. The percentage of injured survivors varied among strains, but was little affected by altering the freezing menstruum. Trypticase was found to be the component in Trypticase Soy Agar responsible for the recovery of injured cells, and contained five closely related peptides that possessed most of the biological activity. Isolation of the peptides was accomplished by Sephadex gel chromatography, paper chromatography, and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Hydrolysis of the peptides destroyed the ability to restore injured cells.
CD8+ T cell intrinsic MAVS promotes antigen-specific responses and mitochondrial metabolism during West Nile Virus neuroinvasive disease (2020)

Abstract West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family that causes annual outbreaks of encephalitis across North America. RIG-I like receptor (RLR) signaling through the central adaptor Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is essential for promoting immunity against WNV infection. While MAVS has been associated with type I interferon (IFN) induction during virus infection, here we describe a novel, cell-intrinsic role for MAVS in regulating antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. MAVS is expressed in CD8+ T cells and remains constant during the differentiation of CD8+ T cells. Generation of an effective CD8+ T cell response against WNV is essential for limiting virus replication in neurons, mitigating pathology in the brain, and protecting against lethal outcome. To understand how MAVS impacts CD8+ T cell responses during WNV infection, we utilized the WNV mouse model and adoptively co-transferred WT and Mavs − / − CD8+ T cells into congenically marked WT mice. We found that compared to WT cells, Mavs − / − antigen-specific CD8+ T cells displayed reduced accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, reduced IFN-γ production and reduced formation of memory precursor cells during virus infection. At the peak of brain infection, Mavs − / − antigen-specific CD8+ T cells displayed highly divergent transcriptomes, including altered metabolic profiles, compared to WT CD8+ T cells. Further mechanistic studies found that after TCR stimulation of CD8+ T cells, MAVS promotes oxidative respiration and remodeling of mitochondrial morphology. Our findings identify a novel, non-canonical role for MAVS in the regulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and mitochondrial function during neuroinvasive viral infection.
Responding technologies and standardization activities against recent user requirements for open field network (2004)

De-fact and international standard technology developments which will follow up the industrial manufacture user requirements for open networks are attempted. The area of discussed and introduced technology are: manufacturing facility diagnostics prognostics and maintenance, variant subsystems interface, human interface, information infrastructure such as horizontal/vertical information sharing, modeling/ profiling, security and systems functional safety.
Automatic quality assessment protocol for MRI equipment (1999)

The authors have developed a protocol and software for the quality assessment of MRI equipment with a commercial test object. Automatic image analysis consists of detecting surfaces and objects, defining regions of interest, acquiring reference point coordinates and establishing gray level profiles. Signal-to-noise ratio, image uniformity, geometrical distortion, slice thickness, slice profile, and spatial resolution are checked. The results are periodically analyzed to evaluate possible drifts with time. The measurements are performed weekly on three MRI scanners made by the Siemens Company (VISION 1.5T, EXPERT 1.0T, and OPEN 0.2T). The results obtained for the three scanners over approximately 3.5 years are presented, analyzed, and compared.
p130‐Angiomotin associates to actin and controls endothelial cell shape (2006)

Angiomotin, an 80 kDa protein expressed in endothelial cells, promotes cell migration and invasion, and stabilizes tube formation in vitro. Angiomotin belongs to a new protein family with two additional members, Amotl-1 and Amotl-2, which are characterized by conserved coiled-coil domains and C-terminal PDZ binding motifs. Here, we report the identification of a 130 kDa splice isoform of angiomotin that is expressed in different cell types including vascular endothelial cells, as well as cytotrophoblasts of the placenta. p130-Angiomotin consists of a cytoplasmic N-terminal extension that mediates its association with F-actin. Transfection of p130-angiomotin into endothelial cells induces actin fiber formation and changes cell shape. The p130-angiomotin protein remained associated with actin after destabilization of actin fibers with cytochalasin B. In contrast to p80-angiomotin, p130-angiomotin does not promote cell migration and did not respond to angiostatin. We propose that p80- and p130-angiomotin play coordinating roles in tube formation by affecting cell migration and cell shape, respectively.
STUDIES OF PLASMA BRADYKININASES USING RADIOLABELED SUBSTRATES (1974)

Summary The activities of human plasma bradykininases (kininase I and II) have been investigated because of their importance as reactants in the kallikrein‐kinin system. The use of [ 14 C] bradykinin as substrate allows radiometric analysis of the enzyme‐substrate reaction mixture. This is possible because separation of bradykinin from its hydrolysis products is achieved by chromatography over CM Sephadex C‐25. Use of this technique has allowed localization of bradykininase activities in plasma protein chromatograms and the separation and partial purification of kininase I and kininase II. Kininase I can be identified because it hydrofyses hippuryl‐L‐lysine, whereas kininase II converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. The measurement of hydrolysis is simple and quantitative and has been used to demonstrate normal Michaelis‐Menten kinetics for both enzymes. The Michaelis‐Menten constants for the enzymes have been found to be 4·1 × 10 ‐7 M (kininase I) and 0·94 × 10 ‐7 M (kininase II).
Phase II trial of single agent bevacizumab in patients with relapsed, aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL): Southwest Oncology Group Study S0108 (2005)

6592 Background: VEGF is overexpressed in a number of malignancies. We previously found high expression of VEGF and its receptors in a sample of aggressive NHL specimens. Based on these results, we initiated this trial. Methods: Patients (pts) were treated every 2 weeks with bevacizumab (BV), a recombinant monoclonal antibody against VEGF, at a dose of 10mg/kg IV. Eligibility was limited to advanced stage aggressive NHL histologies in 1st or 2nd relapse. Results: 51 pts were registered (5 ineligible). Median age was 70 yrs (range: 36–87). 44 pts have been evaluated for toxicity. One died of pulmonary emboli and another died of probable progressive disease (possible causal relationship to drug could not be ruled out). 15 pts had grade 3 toxicities. The most common were cytopenias (10); fatigue, malaise, or lethargy (5); dyspnea (3); hypertension (2); hyponatremia (2); and dehydration (2). 40 eligible pts were evaluated for best response. There were 2 PR for an overall response rate of 5% (95% C.I. 1–17%). Eight pts had SD as their best response. The non-progression rate (PR + SD) was 25%. The median TTP was 5 months, range 4–18 months, in non-progressing pts. In all pts, 6-month PFS estimate was 14% (95% C.I.: 4–24%). The 6-month OS was 58% (95% C.I.: 43–73%). IHC was performed on diagnostic tumor for VEGF and its receptors. 19 samples were adequate for analysis with 14 (74%) expressing VEGF and 13 expressing one or both receptors. Additional studies included baseline, week 8, and at-time-of-progression measurements of circulating endothelial cells (CEC), and plasma and urine angiogenic markers (VEGF, VCAM, and bFGF). Over the course of therapy, CEC (p=.12) and plasma VEGF (p<.001) levels decreased while plasma VCAM (p=.02) levels increased. Conclusions: Therapy with BV was well-tolerated in this pre-treated group of pts with prolonged stabilization of disease seen in a small, but significant subset. The high rate of concordance between expression of VEGF and receptors suggests an autocrine pathway may play an important role in NHL pathogenesis. These results provide a strong rationale for studying the addition of BV to standard chemotherapy in the treatment of aggressive NHL. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech
Metabolism of 9-Ethyl-6-Mercaptopurine by Humans. (1964)

Evidence was presented that 9-E-6-MP is dealkylated by the human in amounts adequate to provide enough 6-MP to explain the effectiveness of this drug when it is administered to chronic granulocytic leukemia patients. 9-E-6-MP does not serve as substrate for xanthine oxidase, nor purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The possibility that the enzyme responsible for dealkylation is present in human bone marrow or neutro-phils is discussed.
Optical Absorption of Natural Garnets from 1000 to 30 000 Wavenumbers (1971)

The optical absorption coefficient of five different natural garnet crystals has been measured at 300 K over the wavenumber range from 1000 to 30 000 cm−1. Peaks in the absorption spectrum associated with OH, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Cr3+ ions have been identified. Pure Mg3Al2Si3O12 and Ca3Al2Si3O12 appear to have an intrinsic absorption coefficient below 1 cm−1 in the wavenumber range 3000–30 000 cm−1. There are intrinsic multiphonon lattice peaks at wavenumbers of about 1790 and 2600 cm−1 in all five garnets.
On the magnetic polarizability tensor of US coinage (2017)

The magnetic dipole polarizability tensor of a metallic object gives unique information about the size, shape and electromagnetic properties of the object. In this paper, we present a novel method of coin characterization based on the spectroscopic response of the absolute tensor. The experimental measurements are validated using a combination of tests with a small set of bespoke coin surrogates and simulated data. The method is applied to an uncirculated set of US coins. Measured and simulated spectroscopic tensor responses of the coins show significant differences between different coin denominations. The presented results are encouraging as they strongly demonstrate the ability to characterize coins using an absolute tensor approach.
Analyses of structural and functional impact of three FGFR3 mutations localized at position K650 leading to both mild and lethal dwarfism (2016)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
10-5: On the Design of Wide Bandwidth Window Multimode Fibers (2005)

Wavelength multiplexing is one of the key ingredients for capacity enhancement in datacom systems using graded index multimode fibers. As a new enhanced generation of multimode fiber applying co-doping in the core has become available, additional design tools and design criteria are needed. In this paper a new method is presented to determine the Sellmeier coefficients that dominate the wavelength dependency of the fiber modal bandwidth. The method is based on a best fit between the predictions from modeling and large scale measured values for a number of wavelength dependent fiber parameters. Application of the resulting new set of Sellmeier coefficient on current and on new fibre designs results in satisfying predictions of the bandwidth performance of the fiber. For the prediction of dispersion behavior further improvements are needed. Several examples of fiber design are given, both for current standard multimode fibers and for new designs with a wide > 1 GHz.km bandwidth window extending over the whole 850-1550 nm wavelength range.
Differential Effects of D 600 on Contractile Response of Aorta and Portal Vein from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1981)

To examine if Ca handling by vascular smooth muscles is altered in hypertension, the in vitro effect of D 600 was determined on noradrenaline-induced contractions of aortic and portal vein strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY). In low (0.2 and 0.4 mM) Ca solutions, D 600 reduced the response to noradrenaline to a greater extent in aortic strips from SHR than in strips from WKY. In contrast, D 600 had less effect on the response to noradrenaline in portal vein strips from SHR than in strips from WKY in both normal and low Ca. Thus, portal veins from SHR are less dependent on external Ca compared to portal veins from WKY whereas aortae from SHR are more dependent on external Ca compared to aortae from WKY.
MARINE MAMMAL CENSUS USING SPACE SATELLITE IMAGERY (2002)

A new era of commercial high-resolution imagery from space began late in 1999 resulting in resolution that is now sufficient to resolve marine mammals. This encouraged investigating the use of satellite imagery for marine-mammal population census and related studies. The question was raised: Can marine mammals be reliably detected above sensor noise and ocean clutter? To answer this question, a signal model was developed and simulated 14-meter targets were injected into IKONOS satellite imagery. A variation of a well-known, two-color method was used to subtract the ocean clutter. After clutter mitigation, it was possible to detect the simulated animals to depths of approximately 20 meters depending on the animal’s size, spectral reflectivity, and the optical properties of the ocean. The first images of marine mammals from space are presented. These examples, however, were targets of opportunity without ground truth. The preliminary assessment on the detectability of marine mammals rests largely on models and simulations. I.
A Superfamily of S Locus-Related Sequences in Arabidopsis: Diverse Structures and Expression Patterns (1994)

Kathleen G. Dwyer, Muthugapatti K. Kandasamy, Dusty I. Mahosky, Joann Acciai, Bela I. Kudish, Janet E. Miller, Mikhail E. Nasrallah, June B. Nasrallah, A Superfamily of S Locus-Related Sequences in Arabidopsis: Diverse Structures and Expression Patterns, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 12 (Dec., 1994), pp. 1829-1843