gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
40 Gb/s Transimpedance-AGC Amplifier and CDR Circuit for Broadband Data Receivers in 90 nm CMOS (2008)

High-speed front-end amplifiers and CDR circuits play critical roles in broadband data receivers as the former needs to perform amplification at high data rate and the latter has to retime the data with the extracted low-jitter clock. In this paper, the design and experimental results of 40 Gb/s transimpedance-AGC amplifier and CDR circuit are described. The transimpedance amplifier incorporates reversed triple-resonance networks (RTRNs) and negative feedback in a common-gate configuration. A mathematical model is derived to facilitate the design and analysis of the RTRN, showing that the bandwidth is extended by a larger factor compared to using the shunt-series peaking technique, especially in cases when the parasitic capacitance is dominated by the next stage. Operating at 40 Gb/s, the amplifier provides an overall gain of 2 kOmega and a differential output swing of 520 mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> with for input spanning from to . The measured integrated input-referred noise is 3.3muA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> . The half-rate CDR circuit employs a direction-determined rotary-wave quadrature VCO to solve the bidirectional-rotation problem in conventional rotary-wave oscillators. This guarantees the phase sequence while negligibly affecting the phase noise. With 40 Gb/s 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> - 1 PRBS input, the recovered clock jitter is and 0.7ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> . The retimed data exhibits 13.3 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> jitter with BER . Fabricated in 90 nm digital CMOS technology, the overall amplifier consumes 75 mW and the CDR circuit consumes 48 mW excluding the output buffers, all from a 1.2 V supply.
The metabolic role of GIP: physiology and pathology (1996)

Conference Article| May 01 1996 The metabolic role of GIP: physiology and pathology L. M. Morgan L. M. Morgan 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 585–591. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240585 Article history Received: November 16 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation L. M. Morgan; The metabolic role of GIP: physiology and pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 585–591. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240585 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: GIP, glucose-dependent insulino-tropic polypeptide (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-l-(7–37)/(7–36)-peptide amide, LPL, lipoprotein lipase, NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Role of mTOR and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) in leucine stimulation of muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (2011)

Leucine has been demonstrated to stimulate muscle protein synthesis via an mTOR-mediated mechanism, and we have shown that catabolic systems are also stimulated to fuel this process, resulting in i...
SIZE SEPARATION OF MARINE SESTON BY MEMBRANE AND GLASS‐FIBER FILTERS1 (1972)

The average minimum sizes of particles retained by metal membranes (Selas Flotronics) and perforated polycarbonate membranes (General Electric Nuclepore) were similar to the stated pore sizes when relatively small seawater samples with moderate concentrations of particles were filtered. When large samples or high concentrations were filtered, the average retention size was less than the stated pore size. All cellulose ester membranes (Millipore) retained particles much smaller than the stated pore size, even from small samples with low particle concentrations. Glass‐fiber filters had retention characteristics similar to membrane filters.
Micromelting and its effects on surface topography and properties in laser polishing of stainless steel (2004)

This article presents the results of an investigation into using laser for polishing 304 stainless steel (SS) surfaces. The effects on surface topography, reflectivity, hardness, and corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel were analyzed. An in-house developed finite difference heat conduction model was used to simulate the rapid melting and solidification process. The nonlinear problem of the solid/liquid moving boundary was solved by a novel hybrid numerical method. Melting depth was in the order of submicrons and polishing rate in a range of 5–15 cm2/min. The improvement of surface reflectance could be seen as the result of surface smoothing with roughness reduction. A decrease of surface roughness from 195 to 75 nm was measured using an atomic force microscope. Laser polishing increased the specular surface reflectance to 14%, while diffusive reflectance was reduced up to 70%. The heterogeneous microhardness distribution was transformed into a homogeneous one. Laser polishing could improve the pitting corrosion resistance of 304 SS due to microstructural changes caused by laser rapid melting and solidification. The melting effect was found also useful for sealing of micropores and -cracks and removing of surface scratches.
Electromigration Failure Distributions of Cu/Low-$k$ Dual-Damascene Vias: Impact of the Critical Current Density and a New Reliability Extrapolation Methodology (2009)

We examine the effects of void morphology and critical current density (j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) on the electromigration failure distributions of Cu/low- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> dual-damascene vias. Cu dual-damascene vias exhibit multiple modes of electromigration-induced voiding, and reliability is strongly dependent on the morphology of voids. We have developed a model of failure for dc and pulsed dc currents that allows prediction of failure time distributions for vias, taking into account void morphology. We obtain good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data for all observed void morphologies. The model demonstrates that while the concept of ldquoimmortalityrdquo is valid for individual conductors, it cannot be applied to eliminate failure of all nominally identical conductors in large sample sizes that are typical of integrated circuits. We experimentally confirm the existence of resistance increase failures for test populations of nominally identical conductors stressed below the sample average j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . Moreover, failure time distributions for vias exhibit distortion from lognormal and saturation in the vicinity of j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> , but they are predictable for all values of j. New reliability extrapolation procedures are required for accurate projection of electromigration lifetimes close to j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . We suggest that the description of the effects of j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> on failure distributions of vias discussed here is generally valid irrespective of the choice of conductor and barrier layer materials, and we demonstrate equivalent characteristic behavior of electromigration failure time distributions for both Al and Cu interconnects. Our results also indicate that, in general, accurate modeling of j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> for conductor failure requires consideration of both nucleation and growth phenomena, with the relative contribution of each process to j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> being dependent on the voiding failure mode.
A two-stage dynamic decision support based optimal threat evaluation and defensive resource scheduling algorithm for multi air-borne threats: Asset-based dynamic weapon scheduling using artificial intelligence techinques (2010)

This paper presents a two-stage flexible dynamic decision support based optimal threat evaluation and defensive resource scheduling algorithm for multi-target air-borne threats. The algorithm provides flexibility and optimality by swapping between two objective functions, based on preferential and subtractive defense strategies as and when required. To further enhance the solution quality, we outline and divide the critical parameters used in Threat Evaluation and Weapon Assignment (TEWA) into three broad categories (Triggering, Scheduling and Ranking parameters). Proposed algorithm uses a variant of many-to-many Stable Marriage Algorithm (SMA) to solve Threat Evaluation (TE) and Weapon Assignment (WA) problem. In TE stage, Threat Ranking and Threat-Asset pairing is done. Stage two is based on a flexible dynamic weapon scheduling algorithm, allowing multiple engagements using shoot-look-shoot strategy, to compute near-optimal solution for a range of scenarios. Analysis part of this paper presents the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed algorithm over an alternative greedy algorithm as applied to different offline scenarios.
Retrospective optimization of discrete stochastic systems using simplicial linear interpolation (2009)

Optimizing a stochastic system with a set of discrete design variables x is an important and difficult problem arising widely in various fields of operations research and the management sciences. Much research has developed methods for discrete stochastic optimization problems in which the objective function g is defined by a Monte Carlo simulation oracle. The function g is implicit in the oracle, in that at any design point x the objective value g( x) can be obtained only asymptotically by averaging over many calls to the oracle. Our interest is in integer decision variables x when the objective function g is smooth, in the sense that if viewed from a distance the discreteness is negligible. Such applications arise, for example, when the decision variables are inventory reorder points and quantities, numbers of machines, numbers of stock options, or staffing levels. Such smoothness implies that a local search on g can be successful in finding a good solution. Hong and Nelson [21] and Hong [20] discuss algorithm ideas for solving such problems. Many global random search methods also could be used for such problems, but their generality makes them inefficient compared to local-search approaches. We propose a family of simulation-based retrospective optimization algorithms for large-scale discrete stochastic systems via piecewise-linear interpolation. With a simplicial linear interpolation we create a continuous response surface for a discrete feasible region. A retrospective framework generates a sequence of deterministic sample-path problems that can be solved using deterministic nonlinear optimization techniques. Numerical experiments show that our method finds good estimates of optimal solutions for inventory control, transportation and scheduling systems significantly faster than the state of the art, including the recently developed COMPASS and Coordinate Search.
Robust detection of number of sources using the transformed rotational matrix (2004)

We present an accurate, robust, and computationally efficient number-of-source detection method, which utilizes the variance of transformed rotational submatrix (VTRS) as the criterion, Unlike the traditional methods that use the eigenvalues, the VTRS detector determines the number of sources by exploiting the eigenvectors of two subarrays. This method applies to arbitrary subarray geometries. In addition, no subjective threshold or extra parameter Is required. In conjunction with spatial smoothing, this method can also detect coherent signals. One novelty of the VTRS method is that not only can it detect the number of sources, it can also indicate the quality of measured data and determine the optimum smoothing array size for parameter estimation, because of the low computational complexity, the VTRS number detector is suitable for adaptive or real-time applications.
Cooperative navigation of micro-rovers using color segmentation (2003)

This paper addresses position estimation of a micro-rover mobile robot (called the "daughter") as a larger robot (the "mother") tracks it through large spaces with unstructured lighting. Position estimation is necessary for localization, where the mother extracts the relative position of the daughter for mapping purposes, and for cooperative navigation, where the mother controls the daughter in real-time. The approach taken is to employ the spherical coordinate transform color segmenter developed for medical applications as a low computational and hardware cost solution. Data was collected from 50 images taken in five types of lighting: fluorescent, tungsten, daylight lamp, natural daylight indoors and outdoors. The results show that average pixel error was 1.5, with an average error in distance estimation of 6.3 cm. The size of the error did not vary greatly with the type of lighting. The segmentation and distance tracking have also been implemented as a real-time tracking system. Using this system, the mother robot is able to autonomously control the micro-rover and display a map of the daughter's path.
The Business Communications Laboratory (1972)

The author presents several provocative reasons why traditional approaches are no longer applicable in the teaching of Business Communications and suggests a simulation approach which combines the traditional methodology with a newer procedural approach.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Characterization, Physiological Regulation, and Relationship to Reproductive Function (1981)

THE TONIC and cyclic secretion of gonadotropins is mediated by the hypothalamic production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The direct assessment of hypothalamic function has been hampered by the absence of reliable methods for the measurement of GnRH production and secretion. Endogenous hypothalamic GnRH probably never reaches the general circulation in sufficiently high concentration to be measured by RIA (1–5), since the pituitary gland has the capacity to metabolize the majority of the peptide secreted into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation (6–10). Attempts to determine the rate and amplitude of GnRH secretion have shown that GnRH concentrations in hypophyseal stalk plasma fluctuate between 20 and 800 pM (11–14). Such studies have revealed that GnRH is released in a pulsatile fashion, although rapid changes in secretion rate cannot be detected during the long period required for sample collection. In addition to modulating the concentration of GnRH in hypophyseal portal plasma (14–16), the sex-steroid milieu of the animal may also regulate the frequency of GnRH pulses.
Dynamic Selection of States in Dymola (2000)

The object-oriented modelling language Modelica supports differential-algebraic equations (DAE) to describe physical phenomena and behaviour. A basic idea is to support flexible and safe reuse of model components. Model components are made general. When connecting them to form a system model their behaviours are constrained. It typically means that there are more variables appearing differentiated than variables needed for the continuous-time state. DAE problems of this kind are said to have a high DAE index and the solution procedure involves differentiation. There are no reliable general-purpose numerical DAE solvers for high-index problems. The paper illustrates how Dymola solves them in a reliable and efficient way by combining symbolic and numerical methods.
Active plasmon injection scheme for subdiffraction imaging with imperfect negative index flat lens (2017)

We present an active physical implementation of the recently introduced plasmon injection loss compensation scheme for Pendry’s non-ideal negative index flat lens in the presence of realistic material losses and signal-dependent noise. In this active implementation, we propose to use a physically convolved external auxiliary source for signal amplification and suppression of the noise in the imaging system. In comparison with the previous passive implementations of the plasmon injection scheme for subdiffraction-limited imaging, where an inverse filter post-processing is used, the active implementation proposed here allows for deeper subwavelength imaging far beyond the passive post-processing scheme by extending the loss compensation to even higher spatial frequencies.
Plasma cell endometritis in women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis (1995)

Plasma cell endometritis was frequently present in women with bacterial vaginosis and without other vaginal or cervical infections. This suggests the possibility of an association between bacterial vaginosis and nonchlamydial, nongonococcal, upper genital tract infection.
Regulation of tissue repair and regeneration by electric fields. (2010)

Endogenous electric fields (EFs) have been detected at wounds and damaged tissues. The potential roles of EFs in tissue repair and regeneration have been an intriguing topic for centuries. Recent researches have provided significant insights into how naturally occurring EFs may participate in the control of tissue repair and regeneration. Applied EFs equivalent to the size of fields measured in vivo direct cell migration, cell proliferation and nerve sprouting at wounds. More remarkably, physiological EFs are a guidance cue that directs cell migration which overrides other well accepted directional signals including initial injury stimulation, wound void, contact inhibition release, population pressure and chemotaxis. EFs activate many intracellular signaling pathways in a directional manner. Modulation of endogenous wound EFs affects epithelial cell migration, cell proliferation, and nerve growth at cornea wounds in vivo. Electric stimulation is being tested clinically for the treatments of bone fracture, wound healing and spinal cord injury. EFs thus may represent a novel type of signaling paradigm in tissue repair and regeneration. Combination of the electric stimulation and other well understood biochemical regulatory mechanisms may offer powerful and effective therapies for tissue repair and regeneration. This review introduces experimental evidence for the existence of endogenous EFs and discusses their roles in tissue repair and regeneration.
DFT investigation of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoclusters used as desulfurization catalysts (2009)

Abstract Supported single‐layer MoS 2 is a well‐established catalyst used by the petroleum industry to remove sulfur from fossil fuels. It is believed that the catalytic activity occurs at the edge of the MoS 2 nanoparticles. Recently, atomic‐scale images of MoS 2 nanoclusters under catalytic working conditions have been obtained with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These images show that certain triangular‐shaped “magic clusters” are formed, where the triangular shape is attributed to stabilization from excess sulfur at the cluster edges. Much of the recent theoretical rationalization of the MoS 2 cluster structures has been formulated by using plane‐wave DFT calculations. However, the clusters observed in the recent STM images are small enough that their structures and properties can be evaluated using direct space DFT calculations. We present the theoretically optimized structures obtained with DFT calculations for the series of Mo 10 S x clusters with x = 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36. From consideration of their relative energies and simulated STM images, we find the cluster with the Mo 10 core most likely being imaged in the STM experiments is the Mo‐edge cluster Mo 10 S 24 . This contrasts with the assignment to the S‐edge cluster Mo 10 S 24 by the experimentalists and their suggestion that Mo‐edge clusters are less favored than S‐edge clusters when there are 21 or less Mo atoms. Furthermore, despite being able to build initial Mo 10 S x structures with a high degree of symmetry, we find the fully optimized Mo 10 S x clusters to have essentially no symmetry, and we discuss how this could be playing a role in the MoS 2 catalytic activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
The role for scientists in tackling food insecurity and climate change (2012)

Abstract To adapt to climate change and ensure food security, major interventions are required to transform current patterns and practices of food production, distribution and consumption. The scientific community has an essential role to play in informing concurrent, strategic investments to establish climate-resilient agricultural production systems, minimize greenhouse gas emissions, make efficient use of resources, develop low-waste supply chains, ensure adequate nutrition, encourage healthy eating choices and develop a global knowledge system for sustainability. This paper outlines scientific contributions that will be essential to the seven policy recommendations for achieving food security in the context of climate change put forward by the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change. These include improved understanding of agriculture’s vulnerability to climate change, food price dynamics, food waste and consumption patterns and monitoring technologies as well as multidisciplinary investigation of regionally appropriate responses to climate change and food security challenges.
Detection of Virgin Olive Oil Adulteration Using Low Field Unilateral NMR (2014)

The detection of adulteration in edible oils is a concern in the food industry, especially for the higher priced virgin olive oils. This article presents a low field unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for the detection of the adulteration of virgin olive oil that can be performed through sealed bottles providing a non-destructive screening technique. Adulterations of an extra virgin olive oil with different percentages of sunflower oil and red palm oil were measured with a commercial unilateral instrument, the profile NMR-Mouse. The NMR signal was processed using a 2-dimensional Inverse Laplace transformation to analyze the transverse relaxation and self-diffusion behaviors of different oils. The obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of detecting adulterations of olive oil with percentages of at least 10% of sunflower and red palm oils.
Vestibular testing (2008)

In Brief The author, who conducts vestibular testing on a daily basis, dispels some of the myths about the practice, while explaining what's involved and why the testing of patients with dizziness can be such a valuable and rewarding part of the audiologist's scope of practice.