gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease: a controlled study (1991)

The performance of 47 patients with Parkinson's disease on a battery of tests of cognition, motor function, disability and mood was compared with the performance of 47 healthy control subjects who were matched to the patients on the basis of age, sex and pre-morbid IQ. An increased prevalence of impairment over a range of cognitive functions was observed in the Parkinson's disease patients as compared with their matched controls. The differences between the Parkinson's disease patients and controls could not be accounted for by factors such as depressed mood, effects of medication or motor impairment. Our findings are discussed in relation to the methodology of previous studies in this area and to the need for a comprehensive clinico-pathological longitudinal study.
Enhancing power conversion efficiencies and operational stability of organic light-emitting diodes by increasing carrier injection efficiencies at anode/organic and organic/organic heterojunction interfaces (2008)

We fabricated long-lived multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), in which a 0.75 nm thick hole-injection layer of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and a 5 nm thick mixed layer at an organic/organic heterojunction interface were embedded. The use of the MoO3 layer and of the mixed layer enhanced carrier injection at anode/organic and organic/organic heterojunction interfaces, resulting in a marked decrease in driving voltage and an increase in power conversion efficiency in the OLEDs. We observed about a factor of 9 improvement in the operational lifetime of the OLEDs by using the MoO3 layer and the mixed layer as well. We assume that the lifetime improvement originates from the suppression of a thermally induced electrochemical degradation process of organic emitting molecules due to the reduction in the probability of the generation of Joule heat.
Zeolites for Cleaner Technologies (2002)

Contents: Introduction to Zeolite Science and Technology (M Guisnet & J-P Gilson) The Chemistry of Catalytic Processes (A Corma & A Martinez) Preparation of Zeolite Catalysts (T G Roberie et al.) Refining Processes: Setting the Scene (R H Jensen) Advances in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (E T Habib et al.) Hydrocracking (J A R Van Veen) C4-C6 Alkane Isomerisation (F Schmidt & E Kohler) Base Oil Production and Processing (M Daage) Para-Xylene Manufacturing Catalytic Reactions and Processes (F Alario & M Guisnet) Separation of Paraxylene by Adsorption (A Methivier) Aromatic Alkylation: Towards Cleaner Processes (J S Beck et al.) Methanol to Olefins (MTO) and Beyond (P Barger) Zeolite Effects on Catalytic Transformations of Fine Chemicals (D E De Vos & P A Jacobs) Functionalization of Aromatics over Zeolite Catalysts (P Marion et al.) Zeolites and 'Non-Zeolite' Molecular Sieves in the Synthesis of Fragrances and Flavors (W F Hoelderich & M C Laufer) Pollution Abatment Using Zeolites: State of the Art and Further Needs (G Delahay & B Coq).
Transgenic Approaches to Glycobiology (1996)

The chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Protein Glycosylation Approaches to Genetic Manipulation of Oligosaccharide Function Genetic Manipulation of Glycosylation Pathways Altering Carbohydrate Receptors Future Directions
The trouble with shortcuts (2000)

Shortcut icons are often provided for commands that are used most frequently. However, there is no published evidence to support the view that shortcuts improve a user's overall efficiency. A preliminary experiment is reported that investigates the effect of shortcuts on performance time, both for the commands for which shortcuts are provided and for those for which they are not. The results suggest that shortcuts may in some circumstances have an overall effect of slowing users down.
Identity of neutral alpha-glucosidase AB and the glycoprotein processing enzyme glucosidase II. Biochemical and genetic studies. (1985)

We have previously partially purified, characterized, and chromosomally mapped a human isozyme of alpha-glucosidase which is active at neutral pH. This isozyme appears as a doublet of enzyme activity on native gel electrophoresis and was termed neutral alpha-glucosidase AB. We now report genetic and biochemical evidence that neutral alpha-glucosidase AB is synonymous with the glycoprotein processing enzyme glucosidase II. We have found that a mutant mouse lymphoma line which is deficient in glucosidase II is also deficient in neutral alpha-glucosidase AB, as defined electrophoretically and quantitatively (less than 0.5% of parental). In contrast, both mutant and parental cell lines exhibited several lysosomal hydrolases which are processed by glucosidase II. We have also further purified the human neutral alpha-glucosidase A component of neutral alpha-glucosidase AB 740-fold from placenta in order to compare its biochemical properties with those described for rat liver and pig kidney glucosidase II. Both glucosidase II and neutral alpha-glucosidase AB are high-molecular mass (greater than 200,000 dalton) anionic glycoproteins which bind to concanavalin A, have a broad pH optima (5.5-8.5), and have a similar Km for maltose (4.8 versus 2.1 mM) and the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (35 versus 19 microM). Similar to human neutral alpha-glucosidase AB, purified rat glucosidase II migrates as a doublet of enzyme activity on native gel electrophoresis. Although rat glucosidase II has been reported to have a subunit size of 67 kDa, pig glucosidase II has been found to have a subunit size of 100 kDa, like the 98-kDa major protein in purified human neutral alpha-glucosidase A. Although we have not demonstrated that neutral alpha-glucosidase AB is microsomal nor that it hydrolyzes the natural substrate of glucosidase II, we believe that the genetic evidence is compelling for and the biochemical data consistent with the hypothesis that neutral alpha-glucosidase AB and glucosidase II are synonymous. These and previous results would localize glucosidase II to the long arm of human chromosome II.
Probing an Interfacial Surface in the Cyanide Dihydratase from Bacillus pumilus, A Spiral Forming Nitrilase (2016)

Nitrilases are of significant interest both due to their potential for industrial production of valuable products as well as degradation of hazardous nitrile-containing wastes. All known functional members of the nitrilase superfamily have an underlying dimer structure. The true nitrilases expand upon this basic dimer and form large spiral or helical homo-oligomers. The formation of this larger structure is linked to both the activity and substrate specificity of these nitrilases. The sequences of the spiral nitrilases differ from the non-spiral forming homologs by the presence of two insertion regions. Homology modeling suggests that these regions are responsible for associating the nitrilase dimers into the oligomer. Here we used cysteine scanning across these two regions, in the spiral forming nitrilase cyanide dihydratase from Bacillus pumilus (CynD), to identify residues altering the oligomeric state or activity of the nitrilase. Several mutations were found to cause changes to the size of the oligomer as well as reduction in activity. Additionally one mutation, R67C, caused a partial defect in oligomerization with the accumulation of smaller oligomer variants. These results support the hypothesis that these insertion regions contribute to the unique quaternary structure of the spiral microbial nitrilases.
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy video segmentation (2009)

Interpretation of WCE video is nowadays largely left to the visual inspection of a medical specialist. This tedious and time consuming task could greatly benefit from techniques that automatically classify and exclude from further processing the non-relevant frames in the video. To this aim in this paper the construction of an indicator function that takes high value, whenever there is a sudden change, is proposed. The construction of the indicator function uses the statistical texton approach. Experimental results show that with the proposed technique it's possible to discard up to 70% of the video.
Comparison of radiofrequency versus cryothermy catheter ablation of septal accessory pathways: Figure 1 (2003)

Approximately 30% of all accessory pathways are located in the “septal” area. As these pathways are close to the atrioventricular node, there is an increased risk of right bundle branch block or inadvertent complete atrioventricular block during catheter ablation.1 Lesions created by radiofrequency (RF) energy inevitably involve some degree of tissue disruption and are irreversible.

As cryothermy energy has the ability to reversibly show loss of function of tissue with cooling (“ice mapping”) at less negative temperatures, and progressive ice formation at the catheter tip causes adherence to the adjacent tissue, this ablation method potentially has advantages over RF for safe ablation of septal accessory pathways.2–4 In this retrospective study we compare transvenous RF with cryoablation in patients with septal accessory pathways.

Between January 2000 and October 2001, 15 patients were treated with RF and the next consecutive nine patients with cryoablation for septally located accessory pathways. The final classification of the accessory pathways was made according to the successful ablation site on fluoroscopy.

A standard electrophysiological study was performed and, after confirmation of the presence of an accessory pathway, transvenous RF or cryoablation was carried out.

Mapping was performed beginning at the anteroseptal region at the His deflection down to the coronary os and further to the right posterior region. For both energy forms standard techniques were used to identify prospective ablation sites. For cryoenergy procedures, initially ice mapping was done by cooling to −30°C for a maximum of 80 seconds with the use of a 7 French cryocatheter (Freezor, curve 3, CryoCath Technologies Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada). …
Chronic retinoic acid treatment induces differentiation and changes in the metabolite levels of brown (pre)adipocytes (2019)

Dietary vitamin A status affects energy metabolism. The present study explored the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the expression levels of molecules and metabolites of brown adipocytes. Chronic ATRA treatment was initiated during the early stage (days 0-8) or late stage (days 8-12) of adipogenesis. Treatment with ATRA during the early and late stage of adipogenesis resulted in an increase in the expression level of Ucp1 and Cidea, genes highly expressed in brown adipocytes, on day 8 and day 12, respectively, whereas expression of Pgc-1α, another gene expressed during brown adipogenesis, was unaffected by ATRA. Non-targeted metabolomic analyses indicated that the pathways related to the glucose metabolism were affected by ATRA, irrespective of the differentiation stage. Cellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, citric acid, and succinic acid decreased after ATRA treatment on days 8 and 12. In contrast, glucose level was higher in ATRA-treated cells on day 8, but it was lower on day 12. ATRA decreased the cellular level of aconitic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid on day 12 but not on day 8. Furthermore, ATRA increased the expression level of Hxk2 and downregulated the expressions of G6pdh and Pfkl/Pfkp on day 8 but not on day 12. Together, the results indicate that the chronic treatment with ATRA stimulated the formation of activated brown adipocytes, eventually leading to alterations in the levels of cellular metabolites related to glucose metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Significance of the study treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) during the early and late stage of adipogenesis increased the expression of Ucp1 and Cidea, genes highly expressed in brown adipocytes, on day 8 and day 12. Cellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, citric acid, and succinic acid decreased after ATRA treatment on days 8 and 12. In contrast, glucose level was higher in ATRA-treated cells on day 8, but it was lower on day 12. The present results indicate that ATRA stimulated the formation of activated brown adipocytes, eventually leading to alterations in the levels of cellular metabolites related to glucose metabolism.
Demystifying Deep Learning: A Geometric Approach to Iterative Projections (2018)

Parametric approaches to Learning, such as deep learning (DL), are highly popular in nonlinear regression, in spite of their extremely difficult training with their increasing complexity (e.g. number of layers in DL). In this paper, we present an alternative semi-parametric framework which foregoes the ordinarily required feedback, by introducing the novel idea of geometric regularization. We show that certain deep learning techniques such as residual network (ResNet) architecture are closely related to our approach. Hence, our technique can be used to analyze these types of deep learning. Moreover, we present preliminary results which confirm that our approach can be easily trained to obtain complex structures.
Facet-free surface-emitting 1.3-&#x03BC;m DFB laser (2015)

We proposed a perfectly facet-free surface-emitting 1.3-μm DFB laser toward cost-effective light source, and confirmed the same performances as the usual DFB lasers and an on-wafer measurement.
<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>Cytolethal Distending Toxin Mediates Release of Interleukin-8 from Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2000)

Live cells of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli can induce release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from INT407 cells. Additionally, membrane fractions of C. jejuni 81-176, but not membrane fractions of C. coli strains, can also induce release of IL-8. Membrane preparations from 81-176 mutants defective in any of the three membrane-associated protein subunits of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) were unable to induce IL-8. The presence of the three cdt genes on a shuttle plasmid in trans restored both CDT activity and the ability to release IL-8 to membrane fractions. However, CDT mutations did not affect the ability of 81-176 to induce IL-8 during adherence to or invasion of INT407 cells. When C. jejuni cdt genes were transferred on a shuttle plasmid into a C. coli strain lacking CDT, membrane preparations became positive in both CDT and IL-8 assays. Growth of C. jejuni in physiological levels of sodium deoxycholate released all three CDT proteins, as well as CDT activity and IL-8 activity, from membranes into supernatants. Antibodies against recombinant forms of each of the three CDT subunit proteins neutralized both CDT activity and the activity responsible for IL-8 release. The data suggest that C. jejuni can induce IL-8 release from INT407 cells by two independent mechanisms, one of which requires adherence and/or invasion and the second of which requires CDT.
Autour du Champ-de-Mars (1960)

Potel Jean. Autour du Champ-de-Mars. In: Études Normandes, livraison 36, n°127, 3e trimestre 1960. Autour du Champ-de-Mars. pp. 123-130.
Effects of Hydrogen Bonding and van der Waals Interactions on Organogelation Using Designed Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators and Gel Formation at Room Temperature (2003)

We synthesized novel l-lysine-based compounds that were classified into three groups, urea−urea types (1−3), amide−urea types (4−6), and amide−amide type (7), and examined the effects of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions on the organogelation behavior. Among these compounds, gelator 5 has the best organogelation ability. Moreover, the organogelation can be achieved at room temperature through the direct synthesis of gelators in organic solvents.
Latent heat thermal energy storage by using binary mixture. (1986)

Latent heat thermal energy storage is investigated by using a binary mixture of p-C6H4Cl2 and p-C6H4Br2 as a heat storage material. In solidification of a binary mixture, the milting temperature changes due to the variation of the mixing ratio are caused by the segregation. Two solidification models are proposed for a theoretical analysis. In the first model, the solidification increases in the direction of the heat flow. In the other, it is assumed that the segregation grows perpendicularly to the heat flow, which corresponds to a dendritic solidification. The former model can be well applied in the low mixing ratio of p-C6H4Cl2 and the latter can be used in the high mixing ratio. The temperature profile also changes in accordance with the initial mixing ratio of the two materials; however, the variation of the transfered heat from outside with time is quite similar to that of pure material. The effect of free convection on heat storage performance is also investigated by changing the direction of the heat input or output.
Cloning of Nascent Monkey DNA Synthesized Early in the Cell Cycle (1985)

To study the structure and complexity of animal cell replication origins, we have isolated and cloned nascent DNA from the onset of S phase as follows: African green monkey kidney cells arrested in G1 phase were serum stimulated in the presence of the DNA replication inhibitor aphidicolin. After 18 h, the drug was removed, and DNA synthesis was allowed to proceed in vivo for 1 min. Nuclei were then prepared, and DNA synthesis was briefly continued in the presence of Hg-dCTP. The mercury-labeled nascent DNA was purified in double-stranded form by extrusion (M. Zannis-Hadjopoulos, M. Perisco, and R. G. Martin, Cell 27:155-163, 1981) followed by sulfhydryl-agarose affinity chromatography. Purified nascent DNA (ca. 500 to 2,000 base pairs) was treated with mung bean nuclease to remove single-stranded ends and inserted into the NruI site of plasmid pBR322. The cloned fragments were examined for their time of replication by hybridization to cellular DNA fractions synthesized at various intervals of the S phase. Among five clones examined, four hybridized preferentially with early replicating fractions.
The crystal structure of Ti5Te4 (1961)

One of the phases in the titanium-tellurium system is identified as TisT %. This compound is tetragonal with 10 Ti and 8 Te in the body-centered cell with dimensions a=10-164, c=3.7720A.
The Steganographer is the Outlier: Realistic Large-Scale Steganalysis (2014)

We present a method for a completely new kind of steganalysis to determine who, out of a large number of actors each transmitting a large number of objects, is hiding payload inside some of them. It has significant challenges, including unknown embedding parameters and natural deviation between innocent cover sources, which are usually avoided in steganalysis tested under laboratory conditions. Our method uses standard steganalysis features, the maximum mean discrepancy measure of distance, and ranks the actors by their degree of deviation from the rest: we show that it works reliably, completely unsupervised, when tested against some of the standard steganography methods available to nonexperts. We also determine good parameters for the detector and show that it creates a two-player game between the guilty actor and the steganalyst.
Fertility of Bovine Spermatozoa from Rete Testis, Cauda Epididymidis, and Ejaculated Semen (1974)

A total of 141 heifers and cows, predominantly Holsteins, was used to compare fertility of sperm entering and leaving the epididymis. Testicular and eauda epididymal sperm were obtained through indwelling cannulae while ejaculated sperm were collected before surgery on seven Holstein bulls. After deposition of 200 X 106 sperm in the uterine body, 106 females were killed on day 4 of a natural estrous cycle. Percentages of fertilized ova were 0% for testicular sperm, 84% for cauda epididyreal sperm, and 94% for ejaculated sperm. Fertilizing capacity of cauda epididymal and ejaculated sperm was not significantly different. In contrast to observations for the other sperm types, testicular sperm were not detected on ova recovered on day 4. Testicular sperm also were not associated with five other ova, or in oviduct flushings, recovered 12 to 14 h after uterine body inseminations. However, epididymal or ejaculated sperm were plentiful in ova and flushings from two cows killed 13 to 14 h after insemination. The infertility of testicular sperm may result from intrinsic factors, a failure of sperm transport into the oviducts, or unusually rapid elimination of testicular sperm from the oviducts.
Usage of Enzymes in the Therapy of Chronic Wounds. Preliminary Results (2013)

We present our preliminary results of clinical application of two original enzyme-derived topical preparations, Neprolysin and Post-Neprol, on patients with chronic wounds. Neprolysin is a preparation containing a purified proteolytic enzyme possessing strong activity in the neutral pH-area. The main active component of Post-Neprol is collagen hydrolysate. The aim of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of local enzymatic treatmentof chronic wounds. For a period of 3 years, in a single institution 56 patients suffering from chronic wounds were treated. Twenty-two % of the patients were discharged with fully epithelized healed wounds. The rest (78%) of the patients were discharged with continuously healing non-infected wounds. It was found that the application of Neprolysin and Post-Neprol in complex treatment of patients with chronic wounds is safe and promises effectiveness. Control randomized clinical trials were warranted.
Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation (2016)

Inflammasomes are high-molecular-weight protein complexes that are formed in the cytosolic compartment in response to danger- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. These complexes enable activation of an inflammatory protease caspase-1, leading to a cell death process called pyroptosis and to proteolytic cleavage and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Along with caspase-1, inflammasome components include an adaptor protein, ASC, and a sensor protein, which triggers the inflammasome assembly in response to a danger signal. The inflammasome sensor proteins are pattern recognition receptors belonging either to the NOD-like receptor (NLR) or to the AIM2-like receptor family. While the molecular agonists that induce inflammasome formation by AIM2 and by several other NLRs have been identified, it is not well understood how the NLR family member NLRP3 is activated. Given that NLRP3 activation is relevant to a range of human pathological conditions, significant attempts are being made to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this process. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular events that lead to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to a range of K (+) efflux-inducing danger signals. We also comment on the reported involvement of cytosolic Ca (2+) fluxes on NLRP3 activation. We outline the recent advances in research on the physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of regulation of NLRP3 responses, and we point to several open questions regarding the current model of NLRP3 activation.