gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximation Quality Improvement Techniques in Progressive Image Transmission (1984)

Progressive transmission of images has proved to be an efficient way of reaching effective bit rate reductions in highly interactive contexts such as telebrowsing systems, or low bandwidth communication channels. However, the lack of quality of the intermediate approximations has so far limited the obtained effective compression to a small factor. Three different and compatible techniques are presented to improve this quality: use of smoother interpolation schemes in its generation, a nonuniform decomposition procedure to favor the early refinement of relevant areas of the image, and an extension of the transmission hierarchy to pixel quantization producing successive refinement of the grey level resolution of the approximations. Combined use of these approaches yields effective bit rate reductions of up to 12.5:1, considerably extending the range and power of progressive transmission methods.
Synthesis steps and design models for codesign (1995)

Codesign is a joint development of hardware and software components to obtain a complete system design. The fields of specification, design, and synthesis of mixed hardware/software systems are becoming increasingly more popular. The paper provides a taxonomy of codesign and discusses some design environments and models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review of SERS Substrates for Chemical Sensing (2017)

The SERS effect was initially discovered in the 1970s. Early research focused on understanding the phenomenon and increasing enhancement to achieve single molecule detection. From the mid-1980s to early 1990s, research started to move away from obtaining a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon to the exploration of analytical applications. At the same time, significant developments occurred in the field of photonics that led to the advent of inexpensive, robust, compact, field-deployable Raman systems. The 1990s also saw rapid development in nanoscience. This convergence of technologies (photonics and nanoscience) has led to accelerated development of SERS substrates to detect a wide range of chemical and biological analytes. It would be a monumental task to discuss all the different kinds of SERS substrates that have been explored. Likewise, it would be impossible to discuss the use of SERS for both chemical and biological detection. Instead, a review of the most common metallic (Ag, Cu, and Au) SERS substrates for chemical detection only is discussed, as well as SERS substrates that are commercially available. Other issues with SERS for chemical detection have been selectivity, reversibility, and reusability of the substrates. How these issues have been addressed is also discussed in this review.
The difference between metallic and insulating salts of tetracyanoquinodimethone (TCNQ): how to design an organic metal (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe difference between metallic and insulating salts of tetracyanoquinodimethone (TCNQ): how to design an organic metalJerry B. TorranceCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 3, 79–86Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50135a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50135a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2741Altmetric-Citations631LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimization of an Electron Transport Layer to Enhance the Power Conversion Efficiency of Flexible Inverted Organic Solar Cells (2010)

The photovoltaic (PV) performance of flexible inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) with an active layer consisting of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6, 6]-phenyl C(61)-butlyric acid methyl ester was investigated by varying the thicknesses of ZnO seed layers and introducing ZnO nanorods (NRs). A ZnO seed layer or ZnO NRs grown on the seed layer were used as an electron transport layer and pathway to optimize PV performance. ZnO seed layers were deposited using spin coating at 3,000 rpm for 30 s onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethersulphone (PES) substrates. The ZnO NRs were grown using an aqueous solution method at a low temperature (90°C). The optimized device with ZnO NRs exhibited a threefold increase in PV performance compared with that of a device consisting of a ZnO seed layer without ZnO NRs. Flexible IOSCs fabricated using ZnO NRs with improved PV performance may pave the way for the development of PV devices with larger interface areas for effective exciton dissociation and continuous carrier transport paths.
Analysis of B-CLL Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiles: Differences between Molecular Subgroups. (2006)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder with a variable clinical course. Patients (pts) with unmutated (unmut) IgVH gene show a shorter progression free survival and overall survival than the patients with IgVH mutated (mut). To understand the differences between molecular subgroups of B-CLL we have studied transcriptomic and proteomic profiles on samples from 40 B-CLL pts (Binet stage A). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 μg of total PBMC proteins were used for IEF followed by 2D electrophoresis. Image analysis of scanned gels was used to identify statistically differentially expressed proteins. Image acquisition and analysis were performed using the Ludesi software (http://www.ludesi.com). Selected spots were subjected to automatic digestion and the proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF (Voyager DE-Pro, Applied Biosystems) peptide mass fingerprint using the Protein Prospector software. To confirm the initial results, sequencing of selected peptide ions was carried out by collision-induced dissociation (CID) with a nESI-QTRAP mass spectrometer from Applied Biosystems. Eight proteins were validated by Western Blot. Total RNA from B cells was used to analyze the expression profile by hybridization with Whole Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array from Affymetrix. Normalization, differential gene expression and functional annotations were analyzed using the GEPAS suite (http://www.gepas.org). qPCR using TaqMan primers/probes was used for validation of the microarray data RESULTS: When we compared IgVH mut vs unmut transcriptomic and proteomic profiles, we found more than 600 differentially expressed genes and 12 proteins ( fdr <0.05 adjusted for multiple test contrast and p<0.05, Mann-Whitney’s test, for gene and proteins, respectively). In tables 1 and 2 we show some of the most differentially expressed gene/proteins in each group of pts. Validation of results from microarrays and proteomic data using qPCR and Western blot are in progress. We obtained positive correlation between transcriptomic and proteomic profiles, (corr=0.21, p=0.04, Pearson’s correation test) suggesting that common features are found using both approximations. CONCLUSION: We found a number of interesting gene/proteins that could be able to differentiate molecular subgroups of B-CLL pts. The study of these proteins and genes may lead to better understand the different clinical behaviour of IgVH mut and unmut B-CLL forms, but validation with a larger group of pts is still necessary. Table 1: Genes differentially expressed IgVH mut IgVH unmut Genes annotated using their gene symbol BCL11A MGC9913 DUSP22 RGS4 PDLIM5 CRY1 RDH13 GGT2 PHF15 DMD SVH TUBB6 ADAM29 LPL ITPKB ITGA9 RBKS BCL7A NFATC1 MYEOV RIN3 PPP1R9A Table 2: Proteins differentially expressed IgVH mut IgVH unmut Proteins were annotated according to their gene symbol VIM ERP29 COTL1 CCT2 S100A9 PSMB10 HSPD1
A multimechanism model for photon generation by silicon junctions in avalanche breakdown (1999)

Light emission from three device types ((1) commercial silicon JFETs, (2) bipolar transistors, and (3) a custom diode) with p-n junctions biased in controlled avalanche breakdown, has been measured over the photon energy range 1.4-3.4 eV, Previously published models are compared with these data to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for avalanche light emission in silicon. A multimechanism model fitting measured spectra and spectra measured by other researchers is presented and justified. The success of the model indicates that indirect recombination of electrons and holes is the dominant emission mechanism below the light intensity peak (/spl sim/1.8-2.0 eV), that indirect intraband recombination dominates at intermediate energies up to /spl sim/2.3 eV, and that direct interband recombination between high-field populations of carriers near k=0 dominates above /spl sim/2.3 eV. For junctions with overlayer passivation, an interference model must be applied to model measured spectra.
Nonlinear Optical Activity and High Thermal Stability of a New 3DOpen‐Framework with Interconnected 24‐, 16‐, and 8‐Atom Channels: (NH<sub>4</sub>)Zn[O<sub>3</sub>PCH(OH)CO<sub>2</sub>] (2005)

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of hydroxy(phosphono)acetic acid, H 2 O 3 PCH(OH)CO 2 H, with zinc( II ) acetate resulted in a new ammonium zinc hydroxy(phosphonato)acetate, (NH 4 )Zn[O 3 PCH(OH)CO 2 ] ( 1 ). The structure of 1 contains a 3D open‐framework consisting of interconnected 24‐, 16‐, and 8‐atom channels. TGA and XRD reveal that the framework is stable up to 350 °C in air. Its powder SHG intensity is about 0.8 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate KDP. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Characteristics of kernel oils from <i>Elaeis oleifera</i>, F<sub>1</sub> hybrids and back‐cross with <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> (1982)

Abstract Kernel oils from different palms of Elaeis oleifera , F 1 hybrids and back‐cross with Elaeis guineensis were analysed for iodine value, fatty acid and triglyceride composition. Kernel oils of F 1 hybrids and back‐cross were close in fatty acid and triglyceride composition to that of E. guineensis. Kernel oils of E. oleifera showed a different triglyceride distribution pattern to that of E. guineensis .
Time-Series Segmentation Using Predictive Modular Neural Networks (1997)

A predictive modular neural network method is applied to the problem of unsupervised time-series segmentation. The method consists of the concurrent application of two algorithms: one for source identification, the other for time-series classification. The source identification algorithm discovers the sources generating the time series, assigns data to each source, and trains one predictor for each source. The classification algorithm recursively computes a credit function for each source, based on the competition of the respective predictors, according to their predictive accuracy; the credit function is used for classification of the time-series observation at each time step. The method is tested by numerical experiments.
Quality control and assembly (1987)

Quality Control and Assembly helps you meet today's competitive pressures for measuring quality, making continuous quality improvements, streamlining assembly, and making the transition to automated assembly systems and applications.
Proton-conducting Polymer Electrolyte Doped with Molybdophosphoric Acid and Ammonium Molybdophosphate (2003)

Polymer inorganic composite films of PEO-12-NPMA(NPMA: ammonium molybdophosphate; PEO: polyethylene oxide, Aldrich, M_(w)~(-)=600 000) and PEO-12-PMA(PMA: molybdophosphoric acid) have been prepared through a film casting method. The Keggin anions and the polymer molecules are linked together to form a new composite compound of PEO-12-PMA, which has a gauche conformation of PEO being changed to a certain degree. However, no new phase is observed in the PEO-12-NPMA composite film system. The protons in the composite materials form H bonds with the external oxygens of Keggin anions and the ether oxygens of PEO. The H bonding system of the PEO-12-NPMA film is superior to that of the PEO-12-PMA composite film. As a result, the conductivity of the PEO-12-NPMA film is higher than that of PEO-12-PMA film under the same condition.
Coaxial electrospinning of PC(shell)/PU(core) composite nanofibers for textile application (2006)

Abstract Functional core–shell structured composite nanofibers can be fabricated through electrospinning of two polymer solutions in a coaxial, two‐capillary spinneret system. Composite nanofibers, polycarbonate (PC, shell)/polyurethane (PU, core), have been developed by this technique. Morphological, structural, infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical performance are conducted for the developed nanofibers. Their applications as textile materials have been explored. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:381–387, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Chelation of Ca2+ ions by a peptide from the repeat region of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (2014)

The investigation described herein strongly supports the coordination of Ca²⁺ ions to some of the amino acids located at the C-terminus of the peptide (NANPNVDP)₃NANP. The solution conformations determined for the Ca-bound congener of this peptide display many structural features associated to Ca-binding proteins.
An approach for integrated specification and design of real-time systems (1996)

A design methodology for the design of microelectronic systems which includes hardware and software for open loop and closed loop control is presented. An integrated approach to specification and design, analysis and simulation of the overall system has been developed. This provides for a systematic, computer aided approach to requirements definition, specification and design as well as verification and validation of the results. As embedded systems often require real time capabilities, the environment presented gives special consideration to these constraints. We give an example for concrete applications, which shows, how the design of real time embedded systems is supported by the design methodology and environment.
Analysis of Dynamic Damage Fractal and Energy Consumption Characteristics of Dolomite Marble (2022)

To investigate the damage fractal and energy dissipation of dolomite marble under blasting load, Dahongshan Copper Mine was selected as the test object and one-dimensional SHPB impact tests with different strain rates were carried out. The dynamic compressive strength, damage morphology, fractal fragmentation, and energy dissipation of the rock were analyzed. The results showed that the absorbed energy per unit volume and the crushing energy per unit mass of dolomite marble are closely related to the dynamic compressive strength. The fractal dimension D of dolomite marble increases with increasing strain rate, and the smaller the average block size of the rock, the degree of crushing deepens. In addition, as the incident energy increases, the crushing energy of the rock also increases, and the energy dissipation intensifies. Finally, after comparative analysis, the reasonable strain rate range is 68.14–77.61 s−1, and the reasonable specific energy absorption value range is 0.65–0.98 J/cm3. The fractal pattern of rock deformation and damage can be reasonably explained from the perspective of energy dissipation.
Promising X-ray fluorescence tests for superconducting tunnel junction detector (2001)

Scientists in the Physical Biosciences Division of the Ernest Orlando Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) studying transition metals in proteins with fluorescence-detected L-edge absorption spectroscopy have found the measurements to be extremely challenging. The difficulty is that the metal centers are present in very dilute concentrations so that their weak fluorescence is often obscured by strong background signals carbon and oxygen. To solve this problem, the Berkeley group has been working with researchers from the Advanced Detector Group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on an energy-dispersive superconducting tunnel junction x-ray detector. These devices in principle have the energy resolution needed to reveal the metal signal. The most recent results with the latest version of the detector on Beamline 4.0.1-2 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) illustrate the promise of the cryogenic detector strategy not only for this application but also for spectroscopy of other types of dilute samples. Transition-metal complexes are key elements in many biologically important processes that are catalyzed by proteins (enzymes), photosynthesis being a prime example. The changes in that occur in electronic structure throughout a catalytic cycle are the subject of much research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of these processes. L-edge x-ray spectroscopy offers several advantages relative to the more common K-edge techniques, since it involves allowed transitions to the d-orbitals associated with metal-ligand bonding. It also has a rich multiplet structure interpretable by theory and higher spectral resolution.
Connectionless service handling with B-ISDN (2002)

The authors discuss the issues relevant to the definition of the connectionless (CL) service within B-ISDN (broadband ISDN). The direct provision of such a service is assumed. A functional network architecture, consisting of a CL virtual network and an ATM transport network, is proposed. This architecture allows a separate definition of CL service specific functionalities, realized by servers, from the handling of the ATM transport capabilities, which provide the server interconnection. The impact of the CL traffic characteristics on the allocation of the ATM network resources is analyzed, and guidelines for the connection handling are suggested. Specific CL data transfer functions are identified, taking into account the DQDB (distributed queue dual bus) protocol. Protocol data unit format and functions are introduced for the layer above the ATM adaptation layer. Finally, for the implementation of the CL protocol in the ATM based environment, two proposals relevant to the CL server operation mode are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Disentangled Representations in Neural Models (2016)

Representation learning is the foundation for the recent success of neural network models. However, the distributed representations generated by neural networks are far from ideal. Due to their highly entangled nature, they are di cult to reuse and interpret, and they do a poor job of capturing the sparsity which is present in real- world transformations. In this paper, I describe methods for learning disentangled representations in the two domains of graphics and computation. These methods allow neural methods to learn representations which are easy to interpret and reuse, yet they incur little or no penalty to performance. In the Graphics section, I demonstrate the ability of these methods to infer the generating parameters of images and rerender those images under novel conditions. In the Computation section, I describe a model which is able to factorize a multitask learning problem into subtasks and which experiences no catastrophic forgetting. Together these techniques provide the tools to design a wide range of models that learn disentangled representations and better model the factors of variation in the real world.
Nuclear maturity and morphology of human spermatozoa selected by Percoll density gradient centrifugation or swim-up procedure (1988)

The selection of motile human spermatozoa, from fertile and infertile semen samples was compared by using Percoll density gradient centrifugation or the swim-up procedure. Selected spermatozoa were evaluated according to their motility, % normal forms, nuclear maturity (aniline blue staining, acridine orange staining, ethidium bromide uptake and SDS nuclear decondensation). These methods showed differences between fertile and infertile men. The swim-up procedure, based on motility, resulted in greater proportions of motile spermatozoa and eliminated mainly tail abnormalities. Percoll gradient separation, based on density, selected oval-headed spermatozoa with good motility. Nuclear maturity level was improved by both methods but Percoll gradient separation generally resulted in spermatozoa with better nuclear maturity than those selected by the swim-up procedure.
Exhaust Sulfur Oxide Measurement Using Air Dilution (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a method for accurately measuring sulfur oxides in automotive exhaust. In this method, the exhaust from a car is diluted with ambient air, then introduced into a large bag filled with clean dry air. The temperature, pressure, and humidity of the diluted exhaust are measured, along with the concentrations of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, SO<sub>2</sub>, and sulfates. Bag concentrations are related to the exhaust by using the sulfur/carbon ratio of the fuel. Established instrumental methods are used for the carbon compounds. The sulfur dioxide in the diluted exhaust gas is measured by the West-Gaeke method, which involves collecting a gaseous sample in a scrubber containing potassium tetrachloromecurate. The sulfates are collected on a particulate filter and measured by a new colorimetric method.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The techniques we have developed have been applied to both non-catalyst and catalyst-equipped cars. These studies have shown that:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Non-catalyst cars emit very low sulfates (less than 1% of fuel sulfur). This conclusion applies to non-catalyst production cars burning unleaded fuel, leaded fuel, or fuel containing manganese, and also to prototype cars equipped with advanced emission systems (for example, Ethyl's Lean Reactor car and cars equipped with Ethyl's Turbulent Flow System).</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Under some driving conditions, monolithic catalysts convert a major portion of the fuel sulfur to sulfates at concentrations close to thermodynamic equilibrium. At 40 mph, as high as 86% of the fuel sulfur was emitted as sulfates in one 1975 car.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">3.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Monolithic catalysts can store significant amounts of sulfates, and this storage seems to be temperature related.</div> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Driving on a durability route discharges sulfur from the catalyst bed. Thus, low sulfate emissions are found for the next 150 miles or so while the catalyst stores sulfates.</div>
Some nutritional aspects of ageing in dogs and cats (1995)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.