gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of the application of computer vision technology in fish farming (2020)

The issues that are currently identified in Russia during the implementation of Digital Agriculture project are considered. The main issues that need to be addressed in development of modern digital technologies in the fish farming industry using natural and artificial reservoirs are highlighted. Aqua engineering trends and scientific works of a number of teams that conduct research and use the capabilities of deep machine learning, are analyzed. Particular attention was paid to specific tasks and research results that solve applied problems in the field of aquaculture and fish farming. Conclusions are made about the prospects for implementing these objectives in Russia. The conclusions of scientific teams and new tasks set as a result of scientific experiments are considered. The main directions in the area of commercial fish farming that need active adaptation of computer vision to deal with applied problems, are identified. Questions of efficiency in introduction of neural networks of deep learning are raised, and also conclusions are drawn on introduction of the term “selectivity” to determine the relation of a data set received by a digital method, referred to quantity of the same data which would be received at their collection by means of non-digital technologies.
APPRENDRE CONJOINTEMENT : UNE ANALYSE, QUELQUES EXPÉRIENCES ET UN CADRE DE TRAVAIL (1998)

This paper draws a distinction between forms of learning in groups. It suggests that the intentions of individuals define whether working together takes on<br />a collaborative or cooperative form. This distinction between the goals becomes important, and is not simply a semantic (academic) distinction, as it is a central part of any framework for research into the support role of information and communications<br />technology and, hence, the development of tools for group use. An example of a well-formulated case study of learning together is followed by a consideration of aspects of Russian socio-psychology which leads to two forms of framework which may help to unravel the complexities of group interactions. It is suggested that activity theory is useful in a consideration of factors influencing the form and<br />value of learning together as well as proving some pointers of key features of tools to support learning for those engaged in the design of such tools.
A Review on State-of-the-Art Power Converters: Bidirectional, Resonant, Multilevel Converters and Their Derivatives (2021)

With the rapid development of modern energy applications such as renewable energy, PV systems, electric vehicles, and smart grids, DC-DC converters have become the key component to meet strict industrial demands. More advanced converters are effective in minimizing switching losses and providing an efficient energy conversion; nonetheless, the main challenge is to provide a single converter that has all the required features to deliver efficient energy for different types of modern energy systems and energy storage system integrations. This paper reviews multilevel, bidirectional, and resonant converters with respect to their constructions, classifications, merits, demerits, combined topologies, applications, and challenges; practical recommendations were also made to deliver clear ideas of the recent challenges and limited capabilities of these three converters to guide society on improving and providing a new, efficient, and economic converter that meets the strict demands of modern energy system integrations. The needs of other industrial applications, as well as the number of used elements for size and weight reduction, were also considered to achieve a power circuit that can effectively address the identified limitations. In brief, integrated bidirectional resonant DC-DC converters and multilevel inverters are expected to be well suited and highly demanded in various applications in the near future. Due to their highlighted merits, more studies are necessary for achieving a perfect level of reducing losses and components.
A Compact Representation of IPv6 Addresses (1996)

IPv6 addresses, being 128 bits long, need 32 characters to write in the general case, if standard hex representation, is used, plus more for any punctuation inserted (typically about another 7 characters, or 39 characters total).This document specifies a more compact representation of IPv6 addresses, which permits encoding in a mere 20 bytes.
Whole brain radiotherapy in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors (1998)

Previous prospective and retrospective trials have failed to demonstrate the best treatment approach for patients with brain metastases. As a result, fractionated whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the mainstay of treatment for several decades. However, with improved surgical techniques and the advent of radiosurgical procedures to treat single and multiple metastases, the continued value of WBRT is in question. This is particularly true in the treatment of a favorable patient subset where the risks of long-term morbidity need to be addressed. This article reviews the trials of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and other select radiotherapy brain metastases trials, and compares their morbidities and outcomes to surgical and radiosurgical techniques. It is unfortunate that the inherent selection bias in most retrospective studies makes comparisons difficult. Therefore, to better understand the roles of WBRT, surgery, and radiosurgery in the treatment of brain metastases, additional randomized studies need to be conducted on homogeneous patient groups.
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND THE RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER (1999)

Objective To review systematically the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the risk of developing or dying from colorectal cancer. Data Sources We searched the English-language literature using MEDLINE, Current Contents, CancerLit, and bibliographies of selected studies. Methods of Study Selection We included studies that specifically addressed the association of HRT with colorectal cancer, had adequate controls, and had retrievable risk estimates. We excluded letters, reviews, and multiple publications of the same data. Tabulation, Integration, and Results Studies were evaluated independently by two of the authors. The exposures of interest were ever, recent, or former use of HRT, and the main outcome measures were colon and rectal cancer incidence and mortality. To reduce the risk of a “healthy estrogen user” bias, we defined recent HRT use as either at time of assessment or within the previous year. The most adjusted risk estimates were extracted. We used a random-effects model to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Recent use of HRT was associated with a 33% reduction in the risk of colon cancer (RR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.59, 0.77). Protection was limited to recent users; the risk of colon cancer with ever use of HRT was 0.92 (95% CI 0.79, 1.08). Duration of use was not significant. Three studies addressed the risk of fatal colon cancer; the summary RR for death from colon cancer in HRT users was 0.72 (95% CI 0.64, 0.81) compared with nonusers. Rectal cancer incidence was not associated with HRT. Conclusion The risk of colon cancer may be decreased among recent postmenopausal HRT users. Although data are limited, the risk of fatal colon cancer also may be lower in HRT users.
An Intelligent DDoS Attack Detection System Using Packet Analysis and Support Vector Machine (2014)

Nowadays, many companies and/or governments require a secure system and/or an accurate intrusion detection system (IDS) to defend their network services and the user's private information. In network security, developing an accurate detection system for distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is one of challenging tasks. DDoS attacks jam the network service of the target using multiple bots hijacked by crackers and send numerous packets to the target server. Servers of many companies and/or governments have been victims of the attacks. In such an attack, detecting the crackers is extremely difficult, because they only send a command by multiple bots from another network and then leave the bots quickly after command execute. The proposed strategy is to develop an intelligent detection system for DDoS attacks by detecting patterns of DDoS attack using network packet analysis and utilizing machine learning techniques to study the patterns of DDoS attacks. In this study, we analyzed large numbers of network packets provided by the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis and implemented the detection system using a support vector machine with the radial basis function (Gaussian) kernel. The detection system is accurate in detecting DDoS attacks.
Method of Appraising Economic Prospects of Mining Exploration over Large Territories: Algerian Sahara Case Study (1957)

The present study has essentially been conceived as a part of a larger study in the field of operations research. Its purpose resides in the scientific detection of the best and economically optimal strategy to be used in prospecting for metal deposits in the Sahara. The purpose of mining exploration is to discover workable deposits, and to acquire certain information on the natural wealth. This, of course, will involve certain costs. With zero expenditure there is zero information. But the cost of complete information would be inconceivable. Between these two extremes there is an optimum which we propose to seek. Obviously, the determination of such optimum is impossible unless a certain attitude towards risk is adopted. Such determination will also be conditional on at least an approximate knowledge of the probability distributions involved in the problem. The present study aims at the analysis of the second aspect, and attempts to evaluate the economic prospects of mining exploration in the Sahara, from the point of view of statistical distributions of both the number of deposits and their value.
Collective Knowledge on Aviation Gasolines (2011)

The problem being faced is that there exists little data in a collective location surrounding aviation gasolines. In recent years it has been observed that most involved in the general aviation community are unaware of efforts and solutions underway to replace current leaded aviation gasoline. The point of this research was to collect and distill the history of aviation gasoline, some alternatives and their shortcomings, and indicate where the industry is headed. This information is divided into ten different chapters which is compiled into a book for students in the Purdue Aviation Technology Department. Following successful completion as a graduate project, the information will also be compiled in a formal textbook.
ERP System Customization in Moroccan SMEs (2018)

Customization is one of the most applied strategies in the implementation of ERP system in Moroccan SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises). This article examines the reasons why SME managers choose customization when implementing their ERP system, and analyzes the risks of customization in terms of stability and maintenance of the ERP system. Qualitative exploratory research was chosen because the study aims to uncover new perspectives related to the special characteristics of SMEs. A multiple case study of four SMEs from different sectors was conducted. The data collection was carried out through 28 individual interviews with several stakeholders (users, external consultants, internal IT specialists and managers) in the four cases. The analysis of the interview data showed first, what comes within the scope of customization as well as what comes within the scope of configuration. The findings also revealed the level and the type of customization of the ERP system adopted by the four organizations of this study, and observed 5 major reasons leading to the customization of the ERP system, Lastly, 3 substantial risks related to the choices of the customization of ERP system were ascertained. The study in this article is based only on four cases, in order to study the applicability of our results in other contexts, it is necessary to do additional research. The study results have significant implications for experts, managers and information technology researchers. This paper can be used to develop information technology adoption strategy for SME. The article enriches the studies done on the reasons for ERP system customization in Moroccan SMEs and the risks related to the customization in terms of stability and maintenance of the ERP system.
Single-Pill Combination Regimens for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection (2014)

A 52-year-old man with a history of HIV-1 infection and poor medication adherence presents for evaluation. A single-pill regimen is considered. For some patients with HIV-1 infection, combination regimens consisting of one pill to be taken daily can improve adherence.
Motion Picture Studies of Electron Bombardment of Colloidal Crystals (1950)

Phenomena not seen or recorded by orthodox methods are observed on the large number of micrographs which are taken during a motion picture experiment, and reaction times as short as 0.03 sec. can be calculated. The technique is useful for investigating solid-liquid-solid changes both by direct observation and by recording Bragg reflections. In most cases a preliminary effect of electrons upon crystals is to drive off water. In the case of sodium chloride crystals a residual envelope is left. Inside this, small particles, both solid and liquid, are observed to move rapidly due, it is believed, to a combination of Brownian movement and convection. These gradually evaporate and diffuse through the wall. The possibility is discussed that the residual envelope is formed by contamination. Examples are also taken from bombarded, colloidal crystals of tungsten oxide.
Oxygen‐glucose deprivation activates 5‐lipoxygenase mediated by oxidative stress through the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells (2008)

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme catalyzing arachidonic acid to form leukotrienes. We have reported that ischemic-like injury activates 5-LOX in PC12 cells; however, the mechanisms are unknown. To determine whether ischemic-like injury activates 5-LOX mediated by oxidative stress through the p38 MAPK pathway, we transfected GFP-5-LOX into PC12 cells and induced ischemic-like injury by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the transfected GFP-5-LOX was localized primarily in the nuclei and translocated to the nuclear envelope after OGD/recovery reaching a maximum 2 hr after a 2-hr exposure to OGD. The nonselective 5-LOX inhibitor caffeic acid, 5-LOX-activating protein inhibitor MK886, and selective 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton attenuated the cell injury and reduced the production of 5-LOX products, cysteinyl leukotrienes, after OGD/recovery. However, only caffeic acid inhibited OGD/recovery-induced 5-LOX translocation. OGD/recovery also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was inhibited by caffeic acid only. Hydrogen peroxide, an exogenous ROS, evoked similar cell injury and 5-LOX translocation, and the inhibitors had effects on the changes after H(2)O(2) similar to those after OGD/recovery. Both OGD/recovery and H(2)O(2) increased the phosphorylated p38 MAPK level, which was inhibited by caffeic acid and the ROS scavenger edaravone, but not by MK886 or zileuton. Moreover, SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and edaravone inhibited the cell injury and 5-LOX translocation induced by OGD/recovery and H(2)O(2). Thus, we conclude that OGD/recovery-induced ischemic-like injury induces 5-LOX activation, which is mediated by oxidative stress through activating the p38 MAPK pathway.
On closed hypersurfaces of constant scalar curvatures and mean curvatures in<i>S</i><sup><i>n</i>+1</sup> (1994)

We consider in this note the following question: given a closed Riemann n -manifold of constant scalar curvature, how can it be minimally immersed in the round (n + 1)-sphere?Our main result states that the immersion has to be isoparametric if the number of its distinct principal curvatures is three identically.This provides another piece of supporting evidence to a conjecture of Chern.0. Introduction.Consider «^" osed the set of all the closed minimal hypersurfaces of constant scalar curvatures R in the unit round (n + l)-sρhere S n + ι .Let & n c R be the collection of all the possible values of such iϊ's.Chern [12] posed the following: Chern Conjecture.For any n > 3, 3l n is a discrete subset of the real numbers.This is a very interesting conjecture in the theory of minimal submanifolds in spheres.To attack this problem, it will be most helpful if one has a good guess on what ^"osed is for each n .When n -3, from his work on the exterior differential systems R. Bryant [1] proposed the following: Bryant Conjecture.A piece of minimal hypersurface of constant scalar curvature in *S 4 is isoparametric of type g < 3.Here a hypersurface (not necessarily compact) M n in S w+1 is said to be isoparametric of type g if it has constant principal curvatures λ\ < •" < λ g with respective constant multiplicities πi\, ... , m g .Such hypersurfaces with g < 3 are classified due to Cartan's work [2] in 1939.Note that the Bryant conjecture is very strong because M 3 is not assumed to be closed.Nevertheless, there is good evidence that it may be true.In [3], together with the works of Simons [11] and Peng-Terng [10], the author was able to establish the Chern Conjecture when n = 3 by showing that each M 3 e «^o sed is an isoparametric hypersurface.Hence, ^3 = {0, 3, 6}.Also, the Bryant Conjecture was verified 1. Notations and the reduction of the proof.Throughout the paper, we use A, B, C, ... , for indices ranging from 1 to n and denote by δ A β the Kronecker symbols.
What Similarities between Siblings Tell Us about Inequality in the U.S (2004)

The author finds that about half of earnings inequality in the U.S. can be explained by family and community influences during childhood. He also finds that these influences have become more important in recent decades.
FAN1 Acts with FANCI-FANCD2 to Promote DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Repair (2010)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by mutations in 13 Fanc genes and renders cells hypersensitive to DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) agents. A central event in the FA pathway is mono-ubiquitylation of the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID) protein complex. Here, we characterize a previously unrecognized nuclease, Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), that promotes ICL repair in a manner strictly dependent on its ability to accumulate at or near sites of DNA damage and that relies on mono-ubiquitylation of the ID complex. Thus, the mono-ubiquitylated ID complex recruits the downstream repair protein FAN1 and facilitates the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links.
Purification and properties of reconstitutively active nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1985)

The nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli has been purified from cytoplasmic membranes by pre-extraction of the membranes with sodium cholate and Triton X-100, solubilization of the enzyme with sodium deoxycholate in the presence of 1 M potassium chloride, and centrifugation through a 1.1 M sucrose solution. The purified enzyme consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, of apparent Mr 50000 and 47000. During transhydrogenation between NADPH and 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide by both the purified enzyme reconstituted into liposomes and the membrane-bound enzyme, a pH gradient is established across the membrane as indicated by the quenching of the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine. Treatment of transhydrogenase with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide results in an inhibition of proton pump activity and transhydrogenation, suggesting that proton translocation and catalytic activities are obligatory linked. NADH protected the enzyme against inhibition by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, while NADP, and to a lesser extent NADPH, appeared to increase the rate of inhibition. [14C]Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide preferentially labelled the 50000-Mr subunit of the transhydrogenase enzyme. The presence of an allosteric binding site which reacts with NADH, but not with reduced 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, has been demonstrated.
Breast-Feeding (1989)

The pediatrician plays a crucial role in the success of breast-feeding by providing well-researched, practical advice and support to the lactating woman, beginning in the prenatal period and continuing until total weaning. The pediatrician can provide much needed support and affirmation when the mother is sabotaged by well-meaning friends and relatives who are misinformed about the value or techniques of breast-feeding. Mothers state that their pediatrician is the most important member of the support team but also the one most apt to obstruct success with inappropriate advice. An understanding of lactation as a physiologic process will provide a sound basis for anticipatory guidance.
3D Extended Object Tracking Using Recursive Gaussian Processes (2018)

In this study, we consider the challenging task of tracking dynamic 3D objects with unknown shapes by using sparse point cloud measurements gathered from the surface of the objects. We propose a Gaussian process based algorithm that is capable of tracking the dynamic behavior of the object and learn its shape in 3D simultaneously. Our solution does not require any parametric model assumption for the unknown shape. The shape of the objects is learned online via a Gaussian process. The proposed method can jointly estimate the position, orientation, and the shape of the object. The inference is performed by an extended Kalman filter which is suitable for online real-time applications. Lastly, we demonstrate the initial results of a promising approach, which aims at reducing the computational complexity.
AQUEOUS ETHANOL EXTRACTION OF SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITORS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CALCIUM-SENSITIVE FRACTION (1991)

The trypsin inhibition by an 85% aqueous ethanol extract of soybeans was shown to have many similarities to that exhibited by long chain fatty acids and their acyl CoA esters, in terms of concentration dependence, time dependence and susceptibility to Ca++ suppression. The heat-stable and hexane-extractable inhibitor in the extract was thus referred to as the Ca++ -sensitive fraction, in contrast to classic proteinaceous inhibitors. Tempeh fermentation increased the antitryptic activity of the 85% ethanol extract. Extraction of both classic and Ca++ -sensitive inhibitors from soybeans by aqueous ethanol was found to be concentration dependent. Aqueous solvents with less than 20% ethanol removed classic inhibitors as effectively as water, but extracted no Ca++ -sensitive one. Above 20% ethanol in the solvent, the classic inhibitors in the extract decreased until reaching a zero value at 70% ethanol concentration, while the Ca++-sensitive fraction increased to a maximum at 85%.
Isaac Watts Remembered, 1674-1748. By David G. Fountain， M.A. Foreword by the Rt. Hon. Lord Maybray-King. (Worthing: Henry E. Walter. 1974. 112 pp. + 8 pp. of illustrations. Limp covers, £0.75.) (1975)

"Isaac Watts Remembered, 1674-1748. By David G. Fountain， M.A. Foreword by the Rt. Hon. Lord Maybray-King. (Worthing: Henry E. Walter. 1974. 112 pp. + 8 pp. of illustrations. Limp covers, £0.75.)" published on 23 Aug 1975 by Brill.
Van der Waals forces between an atom and a surface (1964)

The theory of electrical images is used to derive Van der Waals forces at the surface of a solid, which is treated as a continuous dielectric medium. The theory gives the attraction between a single atom and the surface, between two atoms which are both close to the surface and between two bodies separated by a gap. The forces come out in terms of the dielectric constant of the solid and the electric polarizability of the atom at imaginary frequencies. The method of images breaks down at distances greater than about 500 å, and an exact treatment of the electromagnetic field fluctuations near the surface leads to the same force as Lifshitz's general theory.