gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of methylation of human p16Ink4a gene 5'-CpG islands by electrochemical method coupled with linker-PCR (2003)

Aberrant DNA methylation of the CpG site is among the earliest and most frequent alterations in cancer. Detection of promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes may be useful for cancer diagnosis or the detection of recurrence. p16, an inhibitor of the cyclin D-dependent protein kinases, is a classical tumor suppressor gene, and its inactivation is closely associated with carcinogenesis. p16 hypermethylation could be detected in each stage, which is consistent with the finding that aberrant methylation of p16 is a very early event in carcinogenesis. We have developed an electrochemical procedure for detecting DNA methylation of the human p16(Ink4a) gene. The procedure is based on the coupling of DNA electrochemical sensors with linker-PCR- amplified DNA from human gastric tumor tissue and whole blood cells of healthy human. The synthesized oligonucleotide was immobilized on the modified gold electrode to fabricate a DNA biosensor. The hybridization reaction on the electrode surface was monitored by cyclic voltammogram (CV) and square wave voltammogram (SWV), using [Co(phen)(3)](ClO(4))(3) as a redox indicator. Methylation status of human p16(Ink4a) gene was detected and the results were validated by bisulfite DNA sequencing. A good reproducibility was observed in several parallel experiments. The coupling of DNA electrochemical sensors with PCR allowed quick detection and have the potential of the quantitative evaluation of the methylation status of the human p16(Ink4a) gene.
Experimental Investigation of Turbine Phantom Cooling on Endwall With Trailing Edge Discharge Flow (2014)

The film cooling ejection on High Pressure (Hp) turbine component surface is strongly affected by the complex flow structure in the nozzle guide vane or rotor blade passages. The action of secondary flow in the main passage could dominate the film cooling effectiveness distribution on the component surfaces. The film cooling ejections from endwall and airfoil trailing edge are mixed by the secondary flow. Considering a small part of the coolant ejection from trailing edge discharge flow will move from the airfoil trailing edge pressure side to endwall downstream and then cover some area, the interaction between the coolants injected from endwall and airfoil trailing edge is worth investigating. Though the temperature of coolant discharge flow from trailing edge increases after the mixing process in the internal cooling procedure, the ejections moving from airfoil to endwall still have the potential of second order cooling. This part of the coolant is called “Phantom cooling flow” in the paper. A typical scale-up model of Hp turbine NGV is used in the experiment to investigate the cooling performance of ejection from trailing edge. Instead of the airfoil trailing edge platform itself, the film cooling effectiveness is measured on the downstream part of the endwall. This paper is focused on the trailing edge discharge flow with compound angle effects and the coolant from discharge holes moving from trailing edge to endwall surface. The coolant flow is injected from the straight discharge holes with a compound angle of 15deg and 45deg respectively. The film cooling holes on the endwall are used simultaneously to investigate the combined effects. The blowing ratio and different configurations of compound angle holes are selected to be the changing parameters in the paper. The experiment is completed with the blowing ratio changing from M = 0.7 to M = 1.3 and the compound angle is introduced to the entire row of trailing edge discharge holes (full span), with inlet Reynolds numbers of Re = 3.5×105 and an inlet Mach number of Ma = 0.1.
In Reply: Response to Pneumococcal Vaccine (1991)

We regret any confusion concerning the definition of an adequate response to pneumococcal vaccine as defined in the article Immunologic Defects in Patients with Refractory Sinusitis. The citation of Dr Schiffman9s work in this area was intended to credit his research on the value of assessing pneumococcal responsiveness as an indication of immunologic integrity. Because we studied a sample of children and wished to focus on the lowest concentration of antibody that could be considered protective, we chose the value of 200 mg/L, citing the work of Lawrence, who looked at the percentage of children attaining this level after immunization, and noting that 97% and 98% for antigens 3 and 7, respectively, did so.
Fiber Optic Moiré Interferometer (1997)

A novel fiber optic moiré interferometer has been developed and demonstrated. A He-Ne laser and three high birefringence fibers were used to configurate a fiber optic interferometer. The moiré fringe patterns formed by the interferometer depend on the arrangement of three fiber ends. The experiment results and the intensity distribution function of the interference patterns are given.
On the Control, Stability, and Waiting Time in a Slotted ALOHA Random-Access System (1975)

This concise paper explores some of the boundaries in performance of slotted ALOHA systems by analyzing a simple and almost optimal centrally supervised control. Our control results in a very simple Markov chain model and allows an examination of stability, conditional waiting time distribution of transmitting terminals, and many other system measures. The key to the simplicity is to have a probability of successful packet transmission that is independent of the number of transmitting terminals. Regarding stability, recent papers have shown that a slotted ALOHA system with an infinite population of terminals producing packets at a Poisson rate λ/slot becomes saturated with retransmissions and breaks down. Here we define a stable ALOHA system as one that clears out the blocked packets in a finite time, and has only a finite number of blocked packets in the system, all with arbitrarily low probability. This is a necessary condition for previous definitions of stability to be meaningful. In considering waiting time, we calculate the mean and other moments of the waiting time of a terminal when it enters the system to find ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n - 1</tex> ) other terminals already there competing for the channel. Under this control, the average time is proportional to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> . Two things should be pointed out. The first is that the control requires exact knowledge of the number of terminals contending for the channel, and hence is not implementable, except as an approximation. The second is that the analysis takes into account the dynamic comings and goings of terminals.
REGENERATION OF TdT+, PRE-B, AND B CELLS IN BONE MARROW AFTER ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION1 (1987)

In 15 children transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow for acute leukemia and in complete remission, regeneration of the early stages of the B cell system was studied. Bone marrow aspirates taken before and longitudinally after BMT were investigated for pre-B and B cells by immunofluorescence techniques; in some cases, TdT+ cells were also determined. Normal values were derived from bone marrow samples taken from 23 healthy individuals who served as bone marrow donors. In normal bone marrow, B cells outnumber pre-B cells and the latter are more numerous than TdT+ cells. Before BMT, the numbers of BM pre-B were outside the normal range in all cases; B cell numbers were abnormal in most of the 11 patients studied, probably due to the antileukemic remission induction/consolidation therapy. After BMT, two distinct patterns of regeneration of the B cell system were observed. In 9 patients, TdT+ cells were considerably increased early after BMT. This was followed by a rise in pre-B cells, with values well above the normal range, and resulting in ratios of TdT+:pre-B cells and of pre-B cells:B cells that were transiently greater than 1. In the other 6 patients, the regeneration of TdT+ cells varied and the reconstitution of the pre-B cells was more gradual than in the first group, with pre-B-to-B cell ratios less than 1 during the whole observation period. The only consistent difference between the patients of the two groups, possibly relevant to the regeneration of the B cell lineage, was the duration of corticosteroid therapy, which was much longer in the 6 patients with slow-pace reconstitution. The pace of regeneration of the B cell system in the bone marrow was correlated with the recovery of the humoral immunity, as indicated by a significant increase in specific antibody titers after the second vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-poliomyelitis vaccine in 7 of 9 patients in the rapid-pace group, versus 2 of 6 patients in the slow-pace group.
Mutagenesis of three surface-exposed loops of a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin reveals residues important for toxicity, receptor recognition and possibly membrane insertion (1996)

Information on the molecular determinants of receptor recognition, membrane insertion and toxin pore-formation was sought by making 42 single and multiple substitutions of residues 312-314 (GYY), 367-370 (YRRP) and 438-441 (SGFS) in the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal CrylAc delta-endotoxin by site-directed mutagenesis. These three regions correspond to three putative surface-exposed loops (loops 1, 2 and 3, respectively) in domain II of the delta-endotoxin, forming the molecular apex of the structure. All except mutants GFY (loop 1), YKRA, SRRA, YRKA (loop 2) and TGFS (loop 3) expressed delta-endotoxin protein at wild-type levels which was stable upon activation by Pieris brassicae gut extract or trypsin. Toxicity assays for all the fully stable mutants using Manduca sexta larvae showed that G312, Y367, R368, R369, S438 and G439 are important for activity. Wild-type toxin was then labelled in vivo with [35S]methionine and heterologous competition binding assays were carried out for all the mutants using brush border membrane vesicles prepared from Manduca sexta midgut. Most and least conservative mutations of G439 and least conservative substitutions of Y367, R368 and R369 reduced the ability of the toxin to bind competitively. The most conservative mutation, S441T, gave significantly increased binding. These results suggested that these four residues play a role in the initial receptor binding step in the toxin mechanism. As no significant effect on binding affinity was observed in relatively non-toxic mutants in which residues G312 and S438 were mutated, we suggest that these residues are involved in the subsequent steps of membrane insertion and pore-formation.
On the application of syntactic methodologies in automatic text analysis (1989)

This study summarizes various linguistic approaches proposed for document analysis in information retrieval environments. Included are standard syntactic methods to generate complex content identifiers, and the use of semantic know-how obtained from machine-readable dictionaries and from specially constructed knowledge bases. A particular syntactic analysis methodology is also outlined and its usefulness for the automatic construction of book indexes is examined.
A speech recognition system for data collection in precision agriculture (2001)

Agricultural producers have shown interest in collecting detailed, accurate, and meaningful field data through field scouting, but scouting is labor intensive. They use yield monitor attachments to collect weed and other field data while driving equipment. However, distractions from using a keyboard or buttons while driving can lead to driving errors or missed data points. At Purdue University, researchers have developed an ASR system to allow equipment operators to collect georeferenced data while keeping hands and eyes on the machine during harvesting and to ease georeferencing of data collected during scouting. A notebook computer retrieved locations from a GPS unit and displayed and stored data in Excel. A headset microphone with a single earphone collected spoken input while allowing the operator to hear outside sounds. One-, two-, or three-word commands activated appropriate VBA macros. Four speech recognition products were chosen based on hardware requirements and ability to add new terms. After training, speech recognition accuracy was 100% for Kurzweil VoicePlus and Verbex Listen for the 132 vocabulary words tested, during tests walking outdoors or driving an ATV. Scouting tests were performed by carrying the system in a backpack while walking in soybean fields. The system recorded a point or a series of points with each utterance. Boundaries of points showed problem areas in the field and single points marked rocks and field corners. Data were displayed as an Excel chart to show a real-time map as data were collected. The information was later displayed in a GIS over remote sensed field images. Field corners and areas of poor stand matched, with voice data explaining anomalies in the image. The system was tested during soybean harvest by using voice to locate weed patches. A harvester operator with little computer experience marked points by voice when the harvester entered and exited weed patches or areas with poor crop stand. The operator found the system easy to use while driving. The system provides an inexpensive, portable, non-obtrusive method of collecting field data while walking or driving that can provide needed information for precision agriculture.
DIDEMNIN B (1985)

Didemnin B (DB) is a 7-amino-acid, cyclic polypeptide with potent (10(7)-10(10)M) antiproliferative effects in vivo and in vitro against a variety of viruses and tumor cell lines. Because lymphocyte blastogenesis is essential for many immune responses, DB appeared likely to exert immunosuppressive effects as well. Using primary cultures of murine (Balb/c) splenic mononuclear cells to evaluate this possibility, we found that DB was a potent (IC50 = 190 ng/ml) inhibitor of lymphocyte protein synthesis, although RNA synthesis and cell viability were unaffected. However, it markedly inhibited blastogenesis stimulated by concanavalin A (IC50 = 50 pg/ml), lipopolysaccharide (IC50 = less than 100 pg/ml) and alloantigen (IC50 = less than 10 pg/ml) when added to cultures immediately after stimulation. DB added later, at the time of thymidine labeling was much less potent (1/46-1/1430), suggesting that the lymphocyte activation process is particularly sensitive to this agent. Our finding that alloantigen-driven proliferation was exquisitely sensitive to DB (greater than 90% inhibition at 10 pg/ml) led us to test its effects in vivo using the Simonsen parental-to-F1 graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Treatment of graft recipients with 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg DB/kg/day for 7 days produced 51%, 40%, and 60% inhibition of splenomegaly induced by the GVHR, and treatment with 0.3 mg/kg/day on days 1, 2, 4, and 6 inhibited 71%. These data show that the in vitro inhibition of alloantigen-driven blastogenesis by DB was reproduced by in vivo treatment as well, even across major histocompatibility differences. This leads us to conclude that DB has potent immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo.
Scientists and unions (1979)

I hesitate to enter into the debate on 'Trade unions for professionals' which is being carried on in your letters columns, but as the statement which prompted this discussion emanated from this Institution then perhaps I will be allowed to comment on the opinions of Messrs Borcherds and Pick (Physics Bulletin June 1979 p247). The advice sent by the I Chem E to our members (The Chemical Engineer January 1979 and personal letter to UK members from the President) was issued after detailed discussions with unions and other interested groups, and after considering similar statements issued by other organisations such as the CEI, CSTI and the RIC; indeed our checklist of criteria for suitable unions was largely based on an earlier RIC document.
Research on Dynamic Taxi Ride-Sharing Price Model (2020)

With the diversity of people's travelling modes, the traditional taxi industry is facing severe challenges. In order to meet the travel requirements in the intelligent era, it is necessary to improve the market competitiveness of the taxi industry. This paper proposes a sharing pricing model based on the rate balancing between the driver and passenger. The main concept adopts the dynamic request method for the passengers to take the ride-sharing taxi. For the first passenger's request the nearest taxi receives the request, picks up the passenger on time and drives according to the shortest path calculated by Floyd algorithm. When other passengers ask for a drive, the driver will choose the passengers according to the taxi seat capacity to complete the ride-sharing process until all the passengers arrive at the destination. In the calculation of the driver's income and the passenger's costs we consider the driving conditions in different time periods and use the optimal solution of the model to make a sharing price. Finally, the driver's income and the passengers' costs are compared and analyzed under three driving modes which are the common taxi, Didi express and ride-sharing taxi. The results show that the dynamic sharing pricing model designed in this paper is reasonable and very effective in daily life.
Validation of Amino Acid Analysis Methods (2003)

This chapter presents a discussion of the points to consider during the validation of analytical methods and more specifically amino acid analysis.
Reconfigurable Vehicle (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">When we envisage automotive electronics we automatically consider electric windows, central locking systems, safety systems, climate control and electronic ignition systems, all of which require stringent qualification, temperature cycling and certification. The new emerging automotive electronics boon has now shifted from under the hood or bonnet to in-cabin multimedia applications. The trend towards mobile offices and entertainment on the move has meant a large portion of the electronic or semiconductor content has moved into this expanding area.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Xilinx programmable logic devices can enable the automobile to be a more entertaining, informative and a more productive environment with the added benefit of reconfigurability.</div>
Considerations in the care of older adult with chronic kidney disease. (2010)

The incidence of renal disease is increasing at alarming rates. Older adults with co-morbid conditions are at increased risk for end stage renal disease with the resulting need for renal replacement therapy. Nurses who care for the older adult must know how chronic kidney disease will affect the older adult and must be able to provide compassionate care at the end stage of life.
GALSY, an automatic layout generator of symbolic layouts from MOS circuit schematics (2002)

The authors deal with a specific aspect of silicon compilation: the translation of an electrical description of an IC design into an IC layout. GALSY, the computer program developed, uses a layout methodology which can be applied to any circuit with sized transistors and any kind of logic (pass-transistor, complementary, precharge, etc.). GALSY makes an intelligent partitioning of a circuit into leaf cells and generates their corresponding layouts. The sublayouts are then automatically placed and ready to be routed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Notch-Related Genes (1995)

Members of the Notch gene family are thought to mediate inductive cell-cell interactions during development of a wide variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. These genes encoded transmembrane proteins that appear to act as receptors and contain three repeated sequence motifs. Two of these motifs (an epidermal growth factor-like sequence and a cdc10/SWI6/ankyrin sequence) have been found in a large number of unrelated proteins, while the third motif (a lin-12/Notch/glp-1 sequence) is unique to proteins of the Notch family. We present a phylogenetic analysis of 17 Notch-related genes from eight species that has implications as to the origins and relative functions of these genes in different species. Several independent gene duplications have occurred and at least one such duplication in the vertebrate lineage preceded the avian/mammalian divergence. Significantly, the overall organization of individual members of each internally repeated motif appears to have been conserved among species, suggesting that each repeat plays a unique role in protein function. Yet, where sequence divergence does occur among genes in vertebrate, dipteran, and nematode lineages, it may signify functional differences for specific regions in Notch-related proteins.
Evolvable Features of Lignin Pathway in Wheat under Water Stress (2010)

Recent advances in plant genomics have led to the identification of a vast number of potentially beneficial waterstress-related genes, plus technologies for gene over-expression or silencing. The characterization of key plant physiological mechanisms that restrain plant performance under drought, together with the associated regulatory genes, could therefore facilitate the development by breeders of improved crop varieties showing increased wateruse efficiency and drought resistance. Plant growth is the result of daughter-cell production by meristematic cell divisions and subsequent massive expansion of the young cells. Cell expansion is in turn dependent on biophysical changes,which include a regulated loosening of primary cell walls andsubsequent yielding to the hydrostatic turgor pressure generated by solute and water uptake into the cells. Lignin is a core component of plant cell wall and it is important for water transport, structural integrity, rigidity and pest resistance. Our light microscope and electronmicrographs data on three wheat hexaploid cultivars HD 2428 drought susceptible, HD2285 thermotolerant and C306 drought tolerant displayed that weak linkage between lignin gene function and metabolic outcome may be advantageous, since it may enhance the tolerance, flexibility and robustness of metabolic regulation.
Grain Yield Variations in Oats Associated with Differences in Leaf Area Duration Among Oat Lines<sup>1</sup> (1978)

Growth and yield component analyses were used to attempt to define the source of grain yield increases (27 to 30% above the cultivar ‘Clintford’) found in oat ( Avena sativa L.) lines developed through introgression of Avena sterilis L. germplasm into the Clintford background. Leaf area and leaf area duration were found to be the two traits that could account for the higher yielding ability of the derived lines. By developing a larger leaf‐blade area and delaying senescence, the cultivars had the potential to produce more photosynthate than Clintford. Early development of greater leaf‐blade area probably caused the initiation of a larger number of spikelets per panicle, and the maintenance of a large photosynthetically active system longer after flowering could have caused the development of larger kernels. Higher yield of the derived lines was due to more spikelets per panicle and increased kernel weight. Apparently, the A. sterilis germplasm contributed genes for enhanced leaf growth and delayed senescence which, inserted into the Clintford background, resulted in lines with higher grain yields.