gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses to mild cold stress are predicted by different individual characteristics in young and older subjects (2006)

Older individuals' ability to maintain core temperature during cold stress is impaired; however, the relative importance of individual characteristics that influence this response are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative influence of individual characteristics on core temperature and tissue insulation (I(t)) during mild cold stress. Forty-two young (23 +/- 1 yr, range 18-30 yr) and 46 older (71 +/- 1 yr, range 65-89 yr) subjects, varying widely in muscularity, adiposity, and body size, underwent a transient cooling protocol during which esophageal temperature (T(es)) was measured continuously and I(t) was calculated using standard equations. Multiple-regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of T(es) and I(t), and standardized regression coefficients were analyzed to determine the relative influence of each predictor. Candidate predictors included age, sex, weight, body surface area, body surface area-to-mass ratio, sum of skinfolds, percent fat, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and thyroid hormone concentrations (triiodothyronine, thyronine). The sum of skinfolds explained 67% (P < 0.01) of the T(es) variance in young subjects vs. 2% (P = 0.30) in older subjects. Conversely, appendicular skeletal muscle mass explained a greater portion of the variance in older subjects for both T(es) (older: 28%, P < 0.01; young: 8%, not significant) and I(t) (older: 46%, P < 0.01; young: 17%, P < 0.01). The T(es) residual variance was considerably larger in older subjects (59-72% vs. 14-42% in young subjects), possibly due to varying rates of physiological aging. These results suggest that the relative influence of individual characteristics changes with aging.
What is the risk from wild animals in food-borne pathogen contamination of plants? (2014)

Abstract Fresh fruits, nuts and vegetables are increasingly linked to food-borne illnesses, outbreaks and recalls. The trend represents a modern-day public health conundrum wherein consumers are encouraged to eat more fresh produce to help prevent chronic health problems such as obesity and heart disease, but at the same time consumption of contaminated produce can lead to potentially life-threatening acute food-borne disease. Identification of environmental sources responsible for the contamination of raw and minimally processed or fresh-cut plant commodities is necessary to develop prevention strategies. Produce-related outbreaks have been caused by faecal contamination of plants or surrounding watersheds following intrusion by wild or feral animals. A wild animal shedding a zoonotic food-borne pathogen could contaminate plants directly through faecal deposition or indirectly via faecal contamination of agriculture water or soil in contact with the plants. Owing to the low infectious dose of zoonotic enteric pathogens and the potential for attachment and possibly ingress into edible parts of plants, even a low level of contamination from faecal pathogens represents a significant public health concern. This review focuses on potential produce food safety risks from wild animals at the pre-harvest level, and downstream processes that may promote pathogen survival and amplification that could lead to human food-borne illnesses, outbreaks, and recalls. Microbe-plant interactions for the major zoonotic food-borne pathogens and higher risk plant commodities are reviewed. Finally, current guidelines and regulations to minimize risks related to wild animal activity in the production environment are summarized.
Mutagenesis of a functional chimeric gene in yeast identifies mutations in the simian virus 40 large T antigen J domain (2002)

Simian virus 40 large T antigen contains an amino terminal J domain that catalyzes T antigen-mediated viral DNA replication and cellular transformation. To dissect the role of the J domain in these processes, we exploited the genetic tools available only in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to isolate 14 loss-of-function point mutations in the T antigen J domain. This screen also identified mutations that, when engineered into simian virus 40, resulted in T antigen mutants that were defective for the ability to support viral growth, to transform mammalian cells in culture, to dissociate the p130-E2F4 transcription factor complex, and to stimulate ATP hydrolysis by hsc70, a hallmark of J domain-containing molecular chaperones. These data correlate the chaperone activity of the T antigen J domain with its roles in viral infection and cellular transformation and support a model by which the viral J domain recruits the cytoplasmic hsc70 molecular chaperone in the host to rearrange multiprotein complexes implicated in replication and transformation. More generally, this study presents the use of a yeast screen to identify loss-of-function mutations in a mammalian virus and can serve as a widely applicable method to uncover domain functions of mammalian proteins for which there are yeast homologues with selectable mutant phenotypes.
Adaptation to peripheral muscle training. (1981)

Ten healthy subjects underwent a 6-week dynamic exercise program designed to put a high relative load on individual muscle groups while maintaining low central circulatory stress levels. This was done to test the hypothesis that such "peripheral" training could produce skeletal muscle adaptation at low levels of myocardial work. Such a program may be useful in rehabilitating patients whose myocardial disease prevents adequate levels of participation in the traditional types of large muscle training. Strength testing, muscle biopsies and both submaximal and maximal bicycle ergometry were done to assess the effects of "peripheral" training. Heart rate during the training sessions decreased progressively over the 6 weeks (p less than 0.001). Quadriceps strength increased (p less than 0.02) with training as did both quadriceps (p less than 0.03) and gastrocnemius (p less than 0.008) fiber areas. Fiber composition was unchanged. Succinic dehydrogenase concentrations were unchanged while phosphorylase activity decreased in both muscle groups (p less than 0.03). Submaximum and maximum bicycle ergometry results were unchanged with training. The data show that dynamic training of small groups of muscles sequentially can produce significant skeletal muscle adaptation with little central circulatory stress. The effects of "peripheral" training in cardiac patients remain to be determined.
Interactive GPU-based octree generation and traversal (2012)

GPU-based ray casting, as introduced by Krüger and Westermann [2003], is an effective method for volumetric rendering. Unfortunately, conventional methods of Empty Space Skipping (ESS) using spatial partitioning, which accelerate ray casting by culling ray-surface intersection tests in empty parts of the volume, do not align well with GPU architectures. CPUs are usually required for tree generation and parsing, as well as the data transfer from CPU to GPU. Such CPU-based pre-processing is time-consuming, with the result that spatial tree structures are invariably applied to static datasets.
New Surgical Approach for Treatment of Complex Vesicovaginal Fistula (1989)

Complex vesicovaginal fistulas still represent a management problem, since most of the cases have been operated on previously and because of the lack of a completely successful surgical technique. A new procedure for vesical autoplasty is presented. A flap is obtained from the posterosuperior bladder wall that slides down to cover large lesions, even in low capacity reservoirs. The technique has shown excellent long-term results in 42 consecutive complicated cases.
Sulphide signalling potentiates apoptosis through the up‐regulation of <scp>IP</scp><sub>3</sub> receptor types 1 and 2 (2013)

These results suggest an involvement of H2 S in both IP3 -induced calcium signalling and induction of apoptosis, possibly through the activation of ER stress.
Mass Spectral Analyses of Trimethylsilyl Glucuronic Acids (1974)

Abstract Mass spectral analysis of carbohydrates has become an important tool for the biological chemist1–3 and the use of mass spectrometers interfaced with gas-liquid chromatographs has provided a convenient method of study for volatile derivatives of carbohydrates. Several groups4–7 have accomplished separations of the various isomeric trimethylsilyl (TMSi) esters and ethers of the glucuronic acids. The present work utilizes a gas-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer to examine the previously unreported mass spectra of pertrimethylsilylated glucuronic acids and these spectra are compared to the previously reported8 spectra of the pemethylated glucuronic acids.
2-(Iodoethenyl)benzylamines as Potential Probes for Radical Intermediates Formed during Monoamine Oxidase Catalyzed Oxidations (1998)

An attempt to trap radical intermediates during the monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzed oxidation of amines by intramolecular cyclization with an activated alkene that is built into the substrate was unsuccessful. (E)-2-(Iodoethenyl)benzylamine (3a) was shown to be a reversible inhibitor of MAO B, but the corresponding Z isomer (3b) was a good substrate. By GC-MS analysis, the expected radical trapping product, isoquinoline (5), was observed as one of two products in a 1:1 ratio. However, NMR analysis prior to GC-MS analysis showed no evidence of isoquinoline, suggesting that the isoquinoline was generated during gas chromatography. As a model for this GC-dependent reaction, the corresponding aldehyde, (Z)-2-(iodoethenyl)benzaldehyde (14), was treated with ammonia, and the product was analyzed by GC-MS; isoquinoline was detected. Likewise, the reaction of 14 with methylamine also produced isoquinoline by GC-MS analysis (but not by NMR analysis). These results are explained by electrocyclization of the corresponding imines at the elevated temperatures in the GC (Schemes 7 and 8). Substrate 3b and aldehyde 14 were recovered when the enzyme reaction products were chromatographed, although they were not detected by GC-MS. These products could arise via hydrolytic decomposition of the corresponding imine (17; Scheme 9). GC-MS analysis of 17 produced isoquinoline and (Z)-2-(iodoethenyl)benzyl iodide (18) in a 1:1 ratio; these are the two products observed in a 1:1 ratio after incubation of MAO with 3b and apparently arise from thermally induced electrocyclization and iodide ion cleavage (Scheme 9).
Neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet lumineszierender Materialien für Beleuchtungs- und Displayanwendungen (1998)

In Leuchtstoffröhren und vielen Displayanwendungen begegnen uns lumineszierende Materialien häufig im täglichen Leben. Sowohl die Verbesserung bereits sehr ausgereifter als auch die Entwicklung neuer Materialien für eine Vielzahl neuer Anwendungen stehen im Zentrum heutiger Forschungsaktivitäten. Die jüngsten Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Elektrolumineszenz ermöglichen neue Display- und Beleuchtungskonzepte, die Herausforderungen für die klassischen Anwendungsgebiete von lumineszierenden Materialien sind.
Permanent‐magnet energy spectrometer for electron beams from radiotherapy accelerators (2015)

The apparatus and analysis techniques of the authors demonstrated that an inexpensive, lightweight, permanent magnet electron energy spectrometer can be used for measuring the electron energy distributions of therapeutic electron beams (6-20 MeV). The primary goal of future work is to develop a real-time spectrometer by incorporating a real-time imager, which has potential applications such as beam matching, ongoing beam tune maintenance, and measuring spectra for input into Monte Carlo beam calculations.
Beetles Diversity(Insecta, Coleoptera) of Mt. Kookmang in Chungju, Chungbuk Province (2008)

We surveyed on the beetles diversity of Mt. Kookmang located in Chungju, Chungbuk Province, during July 22th to 23th, 2007. Through this survey period, we identified 48 species of 16 families of Coleoptera from this mountain.
Control of anthropomorphic teleoperator fingers using surface electromyograms (2002)

Natural and synergistic control systems for anthropomorphic teleoperators can be developed using direct biological signals. A computer model of a two-finger teleoperator was developed and controlled using surface electromyography (EMG) from the flexor digitorum superficialis during flexion-extension of the index finger. The results of the study revealed a linear relationship between the RMS EMG and the flexion-extension of the finger model. The RMS error in the system was 0.22/spl deg/-2.75/spl deg/. Therefore, surface EMG can be used as a direct biocontrol for teleoperators and in virtual reality (VR) applications.
Extremum-seeking control of the beam pattern of a reconfigurable holographic metamaterial antenna (2015)

Robust, continuous, and software-defined beam pattern control of holographic metamaterial antennas is necessary to realize the potential of these low-power-consumption, thin, lightweight, inexpensive antennas for consumer usage of satellite communication. We present a complete feedback control approach that enables adaptive control of the radiation pattern for the electronically scanned metamaterial antenna that is robust to measurement noise and is able to continuously optimize performance throughout changing environmental conditions and antenna characteristics. The physical size, weight, and cost advantages of the metamaterial antenna make it an attractive technology when paired with robust and adaptive on-board software strategies to optimize antenna performance and self-tune for various environmental conditions.
Epoxide-Opening and Group-Transfer Reactions Mediated by Monomeric Zirconium Imido Complexes (2003)

N-tert-Butylimidozirconocene (Cp2Zr=Nt-Bu) and its analogue (ebthi)Zr=NAr (ebthi = ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl), Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) undergo overall cycloaddition reactions at ambient temperature with epoxides that lack accessible beta-hydrogens. The process results in addition of the Zr=N bond to an epoxide C-O bond, leading to azazirconacyclopentanes. The regio- and stereochemistry of the products implicate a stepwise mechanism, with the intermediacy of zwitterions having substantial carbocation character at the substituted carbon of the ring-opened epoxide-derived fragment. The azametallacycles undergo facile cleavage to beta-amino alcohols upon addition of mild acid.
Supporting Mechanical Reasoning with a Representationally‐Rich Learning Environment (2004)

Abstract A learning environment to support mechanical reasoning and understanding of simple machines for middle school and high school students is presented, along with results of an evaluation of its effectiveness in student learning. Based on recommendations from literature on instructional frameworks and cognitive aspects of mechanical reasoning, SIMALE (the Simple Machines Learning Environment) was designed to support reflection, collaboration, and presentation of concepts from multiple perspectives. SIMALE was implemented with a diverse population of middle and high school students with three treatment variations: (1) environment with focus on Lego exercises to engage in hands‐on physical activities, (2) environment with focus on a Web‐based computer module, and (3) environment with both the computer module and Lego exercises. Analyses of results show significant increases in post‐test performance for all treatment variations within SIMALE. The results also revealed unexpected dramatic results in equalizing post‐test scores along ethnic and gender dimensions, in spite of large population differences in pre‐test scores.
Effect of Azo Dye Layer on Rewriting Speed of Optical Rewritable E-paper (2012)

A new method to increatse the operation speed for optical rewritable (ORW) liquid crystal alignment technology has been proposed. Conventionally, we prepared the azo dye layer by spin-coating solution of SD1 with different concentrations. The new method is to form a super thin azo-dye molecular alignment layer for LC display cell without spin-coating and rubbing processes. Compared to the conventional one, the new method provides much smaller azimuthal anchoring energy, and increases the rewriting speed a lot. Providing the advantages of conventional photoalignment methods, the use of super thin layer can obviously improve the operation speed of ORW technology for e-paper application.
Prospects for using transparent conducting coatings containing fullerenes and nanotubes in display elements of the new generation (2007)

It is suggested to use transparent conducting coatings based on fullerenes and carbon nanotubes for increasing the response speed in liquid crystal (LC) structures at an acceptable contrast. Using the proposed coatings, the orientation of LC molecules at a solid-mesophase interface is improved (without using special aligning layers); the supply voltage is reduced; and the transparency of the system, the resistance to laser radiation (laser strength), and the coating homogeneity are increased compared to the traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) systems. The possibility of using the obtained results in display elements of the new generation is discussed. The new data can be useful in the development of spatiotemporal light modulators for complex laser setups, where high laser strength is among the main requirements.
Isolated, high voltage arbirtary pulse generator (2016)

Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. has developed an Arbitrary Pulse Generator (APG) with isolated high voltage output. The EHT APG can produce output pulses with voltages up to 10 kV and fast rise time (100 ns) at high pulse repetition frequency (up to 100 kHz) with a user-adjustable duty cycle from 0-100%. The isolated output allows the pulse generator to be connected to loads that need to be biased. These pulser generators utilize modern silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs, which offer lower switching and conduction losses while allowing for higher switching frequency capabilities compared to IGBTs. This pulse generator has applications for RF plasma heating; inductive and arc plasma sources; magnetron driving; and generation of arbitrary pulses at high voltage, high current, and high pulse repetition frequency in the semiconductor processing, non-equilibrium plasma source, and material processing communities.
Development of a virtual instrument for automatic calibration of anemometers (2002)

A virtual instrument to perform fast and accurate anemometer calibrations has been developed. Different sensors are connected to a computer where a virtual environment acquires and processes the incoming signals and controls a wind tunnel, allowing the anemometer calibration at the pre-selected values of the air speed. A neural network based system supervises the measuring process and automatically rejects possible undesired deviations.
Disinfection by Sulphur. (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In yourJournalof February 8th I find an editorial on the " Correct Official Instructions as to Disinfection With Sulphur," in which article I find the following statement: " For a room 10 feet square use 3 pounds of sulphur, moistened with alcohol,<i>in an iron pan</i>placed in a tub containing a few inches of water, to avoid danger from fire." I desire to call attention to a great improvement on the old iron pan, which I have discarded long since as cumbersome, dangerous, unhandy and troublesome. In the place of this pan I have a light sheet-iron stove made, much after the style of a tinner's furnace, with a double bottom, the lower one of which is raised some three or four inches from the floor by suitable legs. On the one side of this little furnace, on a level with the upper bottom, is a
Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Sympathetic Vascular Control in Relation to Neuropeptide Y (1987)

The present paper summarizes some recent studies supporting that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved as a cotransmitter or modulator with catecholamines (CA) in peripheral, sympathetic, and cardiovascular control, and that many drugs used for the studies or treatment of hypertensive disorders influence NPY mechanisms both at the pre- and postjunctional levels. Neuropeptide Y is stored in large dense-cored vesicles and coreleased with noradrenaline (NA) from postganglionic, sympathetic nerves, and with adrenaline (ADR) from the adrenal medulla. Neuropeptide Y release occurs mainly upon high stimulation frequencies or during strong sympathetic reflex activation in animals and humans. Neuropeptide Y inhibits nerve stimulation-evoked NA release via a prejunctional action, causes vasoconstriction in most vascular beds in vivo, exerts variable contractile effects, and enhances NA responses on isolated blood vessels in vitro. The NPY effect can occur independently of adrenergic mechanisms and seems to be mediated via specific, highaffinity receptors, where the C-terminal amidation is essential for binding and biological effects. Most evidence favors a local role for NPY in neurotransmission, while systemic plasma levels of NPY are only sufficiently high to induce vasoconstriction under severe stress. Guanethidine inhibits the NPY release from sympathetic nerve terminals. α2-Adrenoceptor agonists like clonidine inhibit the nerve stimulation-evoked NPY release and treatment with clonidine elevates the tissue content of NPY. The α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin does not influence the NPY release to any major extent, while α2-antagonists enhance NPY release. The β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol facilitates nerve-evoked vasoconstriction in the presence of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, unmasking “nonadrenergic” responses. Reserpine treatment depletes the tissue content of NPY via increased local release in excess of resupply. The nerve-evoked NPY release that is enhanced after reserpine treatment is related to remaining vasoconstrictor effects. The NA uptake inhibitor desipramine reduces NPY release. Calcium antagonists such as nifedipine inhibit the vasoconstrictor actions of NPY on arteries, but not on veins. The prejunctional inhibitory effects of NPY on NA release from perivascular nerves are not influenced by nifedipine.
A cotwin study of the effect of environment and dietary elements on Helicobacter pylori aquisition (1998)

A cotwin study of the effect of environment and dietary elements on Helicobacter pylori aquisition
Optical SIMD Arrays. (1987)

Geometric and arithmetic mean of exposure was higher than threshold limit value for silica dust in all demolition sites. The risk of silicosis mortality for many demolition workers was higher than 1/1,000 (unacceptable level of risk). Estimating the lifetime lung cancer mortality showed a higher risk of mortality from lung cancer in building demolition workers.
Topology for Distributed Inference on Graphs (2008)

Let N decision-makers collaborate to reach a decision. We consider iterative distributed inference with local intersensor communication, which, under simplifying assumptions, is equivalent to distributed average consensus. We show that, under appropriate conditions, the topology given by the nonbipartite Ramanujan graphs optimizes the convergence rate of this distributed algorithm.
LXXVIII. <i>Observations on the crystalline form sillimanite</i> (1827)

"LXXVIII. Observations on the crystalline form sillimanite ." The Philosophical Magazine, 1(6), pp. 401–402