gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic coupling of SSD and hard disk for QoS-aware virtual memory (2013)

With significant advantages in capacity, power consumption, and price, solid state disk (SSD) has good potential to be employed as an extension of DRAM (memory), such that applications with large working sets could run efficiently on a modestly configured system. While initial results reported in recent works show promising prospects for this use of SSD by incorporating it into the management of virtual memory, frequent writes from write-intensive programs could quickly wear out SSD, making the idea less practical. We propose a scheme, HybridSwap, that integrates a hard disk with an SSD for virtual memory management, synergistically achieving the advantages of both. In addition, HybridSwap can constrain performance loss caused by swapping according to user-specified QoS requirements.
Processing of Abstract Ordinal Knowledge in the Horizontal Segment of the Intraparietal Sulcus (2007)

The anterior intraparietal sulcus, and more specifically its horizontal segment (hIPS), is known to play a crucial role in the cognitive representation of numerical quantity. Whether the involvement of hIPS is restricted to the processing of numerical information or generalizes to non-numerical ordinal dimensions remains an open question. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging during comparison tasks, we demonstrate that the hIPS is equally responsive to numbers and letters, indicating that hIPS is also involved in the representation and processing of non-numerical ordinal series. This extends the numerical processing function of IPS into the realm of abstract knowledge processing.
Hydroxide‐Bonding Strength Measurements for Space‐Based Optical Missions (2008)

Optical contacting has long been used in interferometric experiments both on the ground and in space‐based missions. Its optical clarity makes it an ideal method to joint materials of comparable coefficients of thermal expansion. Once the two pieces are bonded, they are commonly broken through thermal or vibrational cycling. Unfortunately, larger bond areas are needed for the bond to form appreciable strength, which often excludes it from being used in complex optical bench designs in space‐based missions. Another method, known colloquially as hydroxide bonding, has shown to have superior strength to optical contacting using smaller bonding areas. In addition, the hydroxide bonding process will work on several materials that do not need to meet the stringent polishing requirements of optical contacting. These properties make hydroxide bonding suitable for complex optical bench designs that can withstand the large accelerations encountered during launch conditions for use in space‐based missions. In this paper, we report on shear strength measurements of BK7‐to‐BK7 hydroxide bonds as well as present new results for BK7‐to‐silicon carbide and BK7‐to‐Super Invar bonds.
Transcript profiling towards personalised medicine in rheumatoid arthritis. (2009)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA ) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that is heterogeneous in nature. The heterogeneity is reflected by the variation in responsiveness to virtually any treatment modality. Since our understanding of the molecular complexity is incomplete and criteria for categorisation are limited, we mainly consider the disease RA as group average. A powerful way to gain insight into the complexity of RA has arisen from DNA microarray technology, which allows an open-ended survey to comprehensively identify the genes and biological pathways that are associated with clinically defined conditions. During the last decade encouraging results have been generated towards the molecular description of complex diseases in general. Here, I describe developments in genomics research that provide a framework to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis and the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and stratification, aimed at a personal medicine approach in RA .
Using barometers to determine the height for indoor positioning (2013)

It is well known that atmospheric pressure decreases when altitude increases. Models have been created to relate altitude or height to pressure. A barometer can measure the air pressure and then the altitude can be calculated. Before the era of GNSS, barometers were widely used to determine heights outdoors. The invention of GNSS was a revolution in positioning and navigation. However, it does not work in an indoor environment. Alternative technologies have been developed such as Wi-Fi fingerprinting mainly for 2D positioning and navigation. In some of the applications, 3D or 2.5D (the level of the building) is required. Using barometers is a possible solution and some new mobile phones have a built in pressure sensor. But there are many issues that should be considered. Is height determined from barometric pressure accurate enough? Is there a latency problem? Does the air conditioning in an almost sealed building significantly affect height readings? This paper discusses the necessary considerations to use barometers for indoor applications based on experiments. Possible solutions are suggested.
Fragile speech watermarking based on exponential scale quantization for tamper detection (2002)

A fragile speech watermarking scheme of low complexity is proposed in this research as an effective way to detect malicious content alterations while tolerating content preserving operations. Since no auxiliary data are required, the authentication process is transparent to agents that perform content preserving operations such as transcoding during the transmission process. The proposed scheme is based on the modified odd/even modulation scheme with exponential scale quantization and a localized frequency masking model while assuring no mismatch between quantization steps used in watermark embedding and detection. The noise introduced by watermarking is shown to be smaller than that of speech coders. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed system is able to distinguish malicious alterations from resampling, white noise pollution, G.711 speech coding and G.721 speech coding with very low error probabilities.
The cross-contaminated cell lines of adenoid cystic carcinoma: A crucial concern (2017)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a common type of salivary gland cancer, characterized by slow growth but high incidence of distant metastasis. Distant metastasis occurs in 25%–50% of ACC patients and more commonly in lungs. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the aggressive growth of ACC remains obscure. Human tumor cell lines are extremely useful in studying cancer biology, under both in vitro and in vivo condition. Unfortunately, the tumor cell lines are susceptible to cross-contamination, by other cell lines, during routine culture. Recent studies have proved that most of the ACC cell lines, established for preclinical research, are either cross-contaminated or nonhuman cells. Here, we review the literature assessing the identity of ACC cell lines, dated up to September 1, 2016, using PubMed, EMBASE, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases with the following keywords: “adenoid cystic carcinoma,” “cell line,” and “characterization” or “contamination.” According to the results, only salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC)-83/SACC-lung metastasis, the HPV-transformed ACC-112 and the two newly established moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma-ACC-01 and LACC-1 cell lines are authentic ACC cell lines. These results suggest that, in the future, it is crucial to authenticate the ACC cell lines before research.
The Khachaturyan theory of elastic inclusions: Recollections and results (2010)

Abstract In keeping with the assignment, this paper has two parts. The first is a personal recollection of my interactions with Professor Armen Khachaturyan since he first visited Berkeley in the 1970s. The second part is a review of the Khachaturyan formulation of the theory of elastic inclusions, with emphasis on results found since his classic monograph on the Theory of Structural Transformations in Solids [Wiley, New York, 1983]. The focus here is on the shapes and habits of coherent inclusions. The basic theory is presented, briefly, to exhibit Khachaturyan's results for the strain and energy within a coherent inclusion and show that the elastic energy is minimal for a thin-plate morphology with a definite habit. The preferred habit of the thin-plate inclusion is then discussed and computed for inclusions with dyadic strain (including the dislocation loop) and coherent inclusions with orthorhombic or simpler symmetry. This is followed by a discussion of the evolution of precipitate shape during coarsening, including the theory of the spontaneous splitting of coarsening precipitates and the development of octahedral or tetrahedral shapes. Keywords: elasticityinclusionsphase transformationsprecipitationshape evolution Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR 0706554 to the University of California, Berkeley.
Inventory Management with Asset-Based Financing (2004)

Most of the traditional models in production and inventory control ignore the financial states of an organization and can lead to infeasible practices in real systems. This paper is the first attempt to incorporate asset-based financing into production decisions. Instead of setting a known, exogenously determined budgetary constraint as most existing models suggest, we model the available cash in each period as a function of assets and liabilities that may be updated periodically according to the dynamics of the production activities. Furthermore, our models allow different interest rates on cash balance and outstanding loans, which is an enhancement over most traditional models in that inventory financed by a loan may be more expensive than that by out-of-pocket cash. We demonstrate the importance of joint consideration of production and financing decisions in a start-up setting in which the ability to grow the firm is mainly constrained by its limited capital and dependence on bank financing. We then explain the motivation for asset-based financing by examining the decision making at a bank and a set of retailers in a newsvendor setting.
A Fuzzy Identification Based on Improved Clustering Algorithm (2010)

The traditional modeling methods are unable to identify a nonlinear system which has multivariables randomicity,strong coupling and long delay.Thus,it is difficult to express complex system and implement the whole optimal control.A kind of method of fuzzy identification based on improving clustering algorithm is proposed in connection with the traditional Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm's defects which were sensitive to the initial value and unable to determine the optimum rule numbers.The initial clustering centers are decided by the subtractive clustering and the validity function,and the final clustering centers are found by a global Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm,and then a closest adjacent area method is used to determine the suitable area radius,and finally the T-S model is built with weighted recursive least-square algorithm.In this paper,the simulation of a temerapure system of resistance furnace can illustrate that the method is accurate and effective.
An overview and comparison of voting methods for pattern recognition (2003)

In pattern recognition, there is a growing use of multiple classifier combinations with the goal to increase recognition performance. In many cases, plurality voting is a part of the combination process. In this article, we discuss and test several well known voting methods from politics and economics on classifier combination in order to see if an alternative to the simple plurality vote exists. We found that, assuming a number of prerequisites, better methods are available, that are comparatively simple and fast.
[Influence of microwave radiation on synapsin I expression in PC12 cells and its mechanism]. (2008)

Microwave radiation can induce the decrease of the release of amino acids and the expression and phosphorylation of synapsin I, and the abnormality of expressions and interaction of BDNF and TrkB in PC12 cells. The factors might play a role in the injury and repair of information transmission in PC12 cells.
Comparison of deaerator performance using experimental and numerical techniques (2010)

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LOW-FREQUENCY TOP-LOADED ANTENNAS. (1966)

Electrical properties of top-loaded monopole antennas and changes in these properties with top-hat configuration are analyzed and interpreted. It is recommended that the top-loaded monopole be accepted as the Navy standard for low-frequency use. Curves suitable for use in design are presented. (Author)
Direct Evidence of Lack of Colocalisation of Fluorescently Labelled Gold Labels Used in Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (2017)

Fluorescently labelled nanoparticles are routinely used in Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) to combine the capabilities of two separate microscope platforms: fluorescent light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). The inherent assumption is that the fluorescent label observed under LM colocalises well with the electron dense nanoparticle observed in EM. Herein we show, by combining single molecule fluorescent imaging with optical detection of the scattering from single gold nanoparticles, that for a commercially produced sample of 10 nm gold nanoparticles tagged to Alexa-633 there is in fact no colocalisation between the fluorescent signatures of Alexa-633 and the scattering associated with the gold nanoparticle. This shows that the attached gold nanoparticle quenches the fluorescent signal by ~95%, or less likely that the complex has dissociated. In either scenario, the observed fluorescent signal in fact arises from a large population of untagged fluorophores; rendering these labels potentially ineffective and misleading to the field.
Protective effect of reduced glutathione against cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II)-induced nephrotoxicity and lethal toxicity. (1983)

Pretreatment of Swiss mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with glutathione (GSH) reduced the acute lethal toxicity of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (cis-DDP) in a dose-dependent manner. The protection was accompanied by reduction of both body weight loss and by reduction of nephrotoxicity, as measured by a rise in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels and by histopathologic changes, which occurred 4 days following cis-DDP treatment. The antitumor effects of cis-DDP on experimental tumor models (P388 and Gross leukemia) were not significantly altered by GSH treatment. It is suggested that the partial protection by GSH from acute toxicity of the antitumor drug is directly related to protection of renal function.
Social Exclusion of Children: The Regional Dimension (2009)

Recently, new evidence relating to the differences between the states and territories of Australia and their associated risks of child social exclusion has emerged. Daly et al (2008) found children living in Queensland, Tasmania, the Northern Territory, and to a lesser degree, South Australia, are associated with a greater likelihood of living in an area with higher degrees of social exclusion compared to other states and territories. In this study it is concluded that once socioeconomic and demographic factors have been taken into account, coastal regions, Tasmania, and to a lesser extent South Australia, are associated with a lower risk of child social exclusion. The Northern Territory and remote regions however, are associated with a significantly higher incidence of social exclusion. In addition, this study concludes that most of the regional variation in child social exclusion is explained by the attributes of the inhabitants.
DNA binding properties, histidine interaction and cytotoxicity studies of water soluble ruthenium(<scp>ii</scp>) terpyridine complexes (2016)

In this study, two representatives of previously synthesized ruthenium(ii) terpyridine complexes, i.e., [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (1) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (2), were chosen and a detailed study of the kinetic parameters of their reactivity toward l-histidine (l-His), using the UV-Vis and (1)H NMR techniques, was developed. The inner molecular rearrangement from N3-coordinated l-His to the N1 bound isomer, observable in the NMR data, was corroborated by DFT calculations favoring N1 coordination by nearly 4 kcal mol(-1). These two ruthenium(ii) terpyridine complexes were investigated for their interactions with DNA employing UV-Vis spectroscopy, DNA viscosity measurements and fluorescence quenching measurements. The high binding constants obtained in the DNA binding studies (Kb = 10(4)-10(5) M(-1)) suggest a strong binding of the complexes to calf thymus (CT) DNA. Competitive studies with ethidium bromide (EB) showed that the complexes can displace DNA-bound EB, suggesting strong competition with EB (Ksv = 1.5-2.5 × 10(4) M(-1)). In fact, the results indicate that these complexes can bind to DNA covalently and non-covalently. In order to gain insight of the behavior of a neutral compound, besides the four previously synthesized cationic complexes [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (1), [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (2), [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)Cl][Cl] (3) and [Ru(tpy)Cl3] (P2), a new complex, [Ru(Cl-tpy)(pic)Cl] (4), was used in the biological studies. Their cytotoxicity was investigated against three different tumor cell lines, i.e., A549 (human lung carcinoma cell line), HCT116 (human colon carcinoma cell line), and CT26 (mouse colon carcinoma cell line), by the MTT assay. Complexes 1 and 2 showed higher activity than complexes 3, 4 and P2 against all the selected cell lines. The results on in vitro anticancer activity confirmed that only compounds that hydrolyze the monodentate ligand at a reasonable rate show moderate activity, provided that the chelate ligand is a hydrogen bond donor.
Vibrational properties of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>2</sub>(T = O, F, OH) monosheets by first-principles calculations: a comparative study (2015)

We present a comparative study on the static and dynamical properties of bare Ti3C2 and T-terminated Ti3C2T2 (T = O, F, OH) monosheets using density functional theory calculations. First, the crystal structures are optimized to be of trigonal configurations (P3[combining macron]m1), which are thermodynamically and dynamically stable. It is demonstrated that the terminations modulate the crystal structures through valence electron density redistribution of the atoms, particularly surface Ti (Ti2) in the monosheets. Second, lattice dynamical properties including phonon dispersion and partial density of states (PDOS) are investigated. Phonon PDOS analysis shows a clear collaborative feature in the vibrations, reflecting the covalent nature of corresponding bonds in the monosheets. In the bare Ti3C2 monosheet, there is a phonon band gap between 400 and 500 cm(-1), while it disappears in Ti3C2O2 and Ti3C2(OH)2 as the vibrations associated with the terminal atoms (O and OH) bridge the gap. Third, both Raman (Eg and A1g) and infrared-active (Eu and A2u) vibrational modes are predicted and conclusively assigned. A comparative study indicates that the terminal atoms remarkably influence the vibrational frequencies. Generally, the terminal atoms weaken the vibrations in which surface Ti atoms are involved while strengthening the out-of-plane vibration of C atoms. Temperature-dependent micro Raman measurements agree with the theoretical prediction if the complexity in the experimentally obtained lamellae for the Raman study is taken into account.
Intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment planning by use of a barrier-penalty multiplier method (2006)

Abstract The use of nonlinear functions describing biological effects has recently become a major goal in connection with intensity modulated radiotherapy planning models for cancer treatment. In this article, we present a new biological model for this purpose and discuss the solution of the related large-scale nonlinear optimization problems. The model includes equivalent uniform dose and partial volume constraints and employs tumor control probability as the objective. The resulting optimization problems are convex; there are nonconvex constrained optimization problems with several thousands of variables for which gradients of the involved functions are available, but the computation of Hessians is too costly. It is suggested to solve these problems using the barrier-penalty multiplier method by Polyak ([Polyak, R., 1992, Modified barrier functions (theory and methods). Mathematical Programming, 54, 177–222.], [Polyak, R., 2002, Nonlinear rescaling vs. smoothing technique in convex optimization. Mathematical Programming, 92, 197–235.]) and Ben-Tal et al. and Ben-Tal and Zibulevsky ([Ben-Tal, A., Yuzefokich, I. and Zibulevsky, M., 1992, Penalty/barrier multiplier methods for minimax and constrained smooth convex problems. Technical Report 9/92, Optimization Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion, Haifa, Israel.], [Ben-Tal, A. and Zibulevsky, M., 1997, Penalty/barrier multiplier methods for convex programming problems. SIAM Journal of Optimization, 7, 347–366.]), where this algorithm is modified according to ideas which are motivated by the related Lagrangian barrier algorithm of Conn et al. ([Conn, A.R., Gould, N.I.M. and Taint, P., 1992, A globally convergent Lagrangian barrier algorithm for optimization with general inequality constraints and simple bounds. Technical Report 92/07, Department of Maths, FUNDP, Namur, Belgium.], [Conn, A.R., Gould, N.I.M. and Taint, P.L., 1992, A globally convergent Lagrangian barrier algorithm for optimization with general inequality constraints and simple bounds. Mathematics of Computation, 66, 261–288.]). In particular, the subproblems in the algorithm are solved by a conjugate gradient method, as the spectrum of the Hessian of the Lagrangian at a solution of such problem indicates fast (local) convergence of the objective function values to a good approximate (locally) optimal value. Some characteristic numbers showing the average numerical performance of the algorithm are tabulated for various types of tumors and for a set of 127 clinical cases in total. Its capabilities and typical behavior also are illustrated explicitly by a computed therapy plan for a difficult clinical case of a larynx tumor. Keywords: Radiation therapy treatment planningIntensity modulated radiation therapyBarrier algorithmsMultiplier methodsNonlinear rescaling methodBarrier-penalty functions Acknowledgements This research was sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under grant NU 33/7-1 and NU 33/7-2. Notes †For more information, see http://www.medizin.uni-tuebingen.de/medphys/.
Planning and Interpreting Soil Permeability Measurements (1969)

Field techniques for measuring soil hydraulic conductivity (below the water table as well as above, or in the absence of, a water table) are considered, in selecting a technique for a given situation, care should be taken that the soil region and dominant flow direction in the system to be analyzed or predicted are as closely duplicated by the technique as possible. If the soil region covered by an individual measurement is small compared to that of the actual system, measurements at different depths and locations are necessary. The resulting values will seldom if ever be uniform and simplification to manageable media may be required. The average hydraulic conductivity of a randomly heterogeneous medium must lie between the harmonic and the arithmetic mean. Studies with a resistance network analog show that this average hydraulic conductivity is best estimated by the geometric mean.