gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color Edge Saliency Boosting using Natural Image Statistics (2010)

State of the art methods for image matching, content-based retrieval and recognition use local features. Most of these still exploit only the luminance information for detection. The color saliency boosting algorithm has provided an efficient method to exploit the saliency of color edges based on information theory. However, during the design of this algorithm, some issues were not addressed in depth: (1) The method has ignored the underlying distribution of derivatives in natural images. (2) The dependence of information content in color-boosted edges on its spatial derivatives has not been quantitatively established. (3) To evaluate luminance and color contributions to saliency of edges, a parameter gradually balancing both contributions is required.We introduce a novel algorithm, based on the principles of independent component analysis, which models the first order derivatives of color natural images by a generalized Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, using this probability model we show that for images with a Laplacian distribution, which is a particular case of generalized Gaussian distribution, the magnitudes of color-boosted edges reflect their corresponding information content. In order to evaluate the impact of color edge saliency in real world applications, we introduce an extension of the Laplacian-of-Gaussian detector to color, and the performance for image matching is evaluated. Our experiments show that our approach provides more discriminative regions in comparison with the original detector.
Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Lens under Oxidative Stress (2005)

The polymorphic expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in animal lenses has been demonstrated by purification with affinity chromatography, immunochemical analysis with Western-blotting and amino acid sequencing of the N-terminal regions. Three major classes of GST (class α, γ or π) have been identified in human, bovine, pig, rabbit, rat and guinea pig. They show a typical GSH-conjugation reaction with various chemicals, including organic peroxides. These GSTs possess unique properties against oxidative stress, that is, α-class GST exhibits a GSH-peroxidase-like activity, μ-class GST shows a potent resistance to naphthoquinone and H2O2, and π-class GST shows a high sensitivity to a variety of oxidants. Because the oxidative stress is believed to be a major factor in the development of cataracts, these unique expression patterns of GST in animal lenses reveal an important factor in the formation and development of oxidant-induced cataracts, including naphthalene cataract and senile cataract. The most typical example has been presented that effect of curucumin on the prevention of cataract through the induction of GST. This review summarizes the evidence for the involvement of GST in cataractogenesis, which may be seen to support it as an important risk.
Coupling of spin and lattice modes in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>two-dimensional antiferromagnet K<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>V<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>with magneto-dielectric couplings (2012)

Lattice dynamics and magnetic excitations are investigated to elucidate the origin of magneto-dielectric effects in the $S=1/2$ two-dimensional quantum spin compound ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$. We find evidence for lattice instabilities at 110 K and 60 K as optical phonon anomalies and a soft mode at 26 cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in ${A}_{1}$ symmetry. Two-magnon excitations in ${B}_{1}$ symmetry show an unconventional double-peak structure and temperature dependence. This suggests the existence of a split mode near the zone boundary caused by a mixing of spin and lattice modes.
A Novel Variant in the STAT3 Gene Associated with Autoimmune Enteropathy in a Father&ndash;Son Duo (2014)

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare clinical condition characterized by intractable diarrhea of early childhood.¹ While AIE can feature both simple Mendelian inheritance or a complex multifactorial pattern, the pathogenesis remains unclear in many cases.² This is important for providing an accurate recurrence risk as affected individuals survive until adulthood and have children. Here, we describe a father and son with AIE who had clinically distinct courses. Exome sequencing has revealed a novel missense variant, c.2147C>T; (p.Thr716Met) in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene (STAT3) in both the father and son, consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. STAT3 regulates immune reactions, and mutations in this gene have previously been associated with autoimmunity and Hyper IgE syndrome, but not AIE. Further studies are needed to assess the functional effect of this variant as it relates to the phenotype.
Experimantal characterization of the reflectance of 60-degree waveguid bends in photonic crystal waveguides (2004)

Photonic crystal waveguide bends were fabricated and characterized. Good agreement was obtained between the numerical predictions of the transmission spectra and the experimental observations.
Distal renal tubular acidosis in mice that lack the forkhead transcription factor Foxi1 (2004)

While macro- and microscopic kidney development appear to proceed normally in mice that lack Foxi1, electron microscopy reveals an altered ultrastructure of cells lining the distal nephron. Northern blot analyses, cRNA in situ hybridizations, and immunohistochemistry demonstrate a complete loss of expression of several anion transporters, proton pumps, and anion exchange proteins expressed by intercalated cells of the collecting ducts, many of which have been implicated in hereditary forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). In Foxi1-null mutants the normal epithelium with its two major cell types - principal and intercalated cells - has been replaced by a single cell type positive for both principal and intercalated cell markers. To test the functional consequences of these alterations, Foxi1(-/-) mice were compared with WT littermates in their response to an acidic load. This revealed an inability to acidify the urine as well as a lowered systemic buffer capacity and overt acidosis in null mutants. Thus, Foxi1(-/-) mice seem to develop dRTA due to altered cellular composition of the distal nephron epithelium, thereby denying this epithelium the proper gene expression pattern needed for maintaining adequate acid-base homeostasis.
<title>Influence of stimulated desorption on molecular fragmentation</title> (1994)

The mass spectral fragmentation of l-tryptophan has been investigated as a function of desorption technique and photoionization method using 7 keV Ar<SUP>+</SUP> static sputtering, 355 nm pulsed laser-induced desorption, and thermal desorption at 150 to 200 degree(s)C in conjunction with 118 nm (10.49 eV), 266 nm (4.66 eV), and 355 nm (3.50 eV) laser positionization. In addition, ion-stimulated desorption of neutrals has been compared with positive secondary ion data. Molecular fragmentation is dominated by the internal energy contribution of the desorption process rather than photoionization method; fragmentation is maximal with ion-stimulated desorption and minimal with thermal desorption. Furthermore, single-photon ionization with 118 nm generally results in less fragmentation than multiphoton ionization (MPI). Finally, the effect of laser pulse width on the 266 nm MPI of thermally-desorbed neutral species has been explored. The use of 35 ps rather than 5 ns laser pulses at 266 nm has been explored. The use of 35 ps rather than 5 ns laser pulses at 266 nm has been found to cause a decrease in the molecular fragmentation of l-tryptophan. These results have implications for the surface analysis of labile organic compounds.
On the Connectivity of Ad Hoc Networks (2004)

Journal Article On the Connectivity of Ad Hoc Networks Get access Christian Bettstetter Christian Bettstetter Technische Universität München (TUM), Inst. of Communication Networks, Munich, Germany NTT DoCoMo Euro-Labs, Future Networking Lab, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 47, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 432–447, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/47.4.432 Published: 01 January 2004
Prospects of Membrane Technologies in C1 Chemistry (2006)

C1 chemistry, production technologies of fuel and chemicals from syngas, includes processes that would be possible to improve their productivity, to save energy requirement, and thereby to reduce production costs by selectively removing products from syngas through membrane. In this report, the results of process simulation on methanol synthesis are introduced to discuss about efficiency of membrane reactor in this process. The process simulation demonstrated that methanol productivity was substantially improved by removing products, methanol and water, in situ from the reaction system. A key issue is to develop microporous inorganic membranes enabling us to separate products like water and alcohol at high temperatures up to 300℃ and high pressures up to 100 atm.
Fusion protein based epitope mapping of the MPB57 protein from <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG and its epitope insertion into the native protein (1991)

The gene coding for the 12-kDa protein (MPB57) of Mycobacterium bovis BCG has recently been cloned and sequenced (R. Yamaguchi, K. Matsuo, A. Yamazaki, S. Nagai, K. Terasaka, and T. Yamada. 1988. FEBS Lett. 240: 115-117). To map linear B-cell epitopes by beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, we have constructed convenient vectors (pUR278S, pUR288S, and pUR289S) with the SmaI site. Based on recognition by polyclonal antibodies, two epitope regions on the MPB57 protein were identified, both of which corresponded to the amino acid sequences Glu20 to Val45 (26 residues, epitope I region) and Ile78 to Leu86 (9 residues, epitope II). Complementary oligonucleotides encoding epitope II were synthesized, polymerized by a ligase reaction, inserted into the native MPB57 protein gene, and expressed in Escherichia coli, giving rise to epitope-inserted proteins. Their stability and potential uses are described.
Automated genotyping of dinucleotide repeat markers (1994)

The immune responses of the inbred guinea pig strains 2 and 13 have been determined against random terpolymers of L glutamic acid and L alanine and a third amino acid. Strain 2 guinea pigs responded against GAT10, GAT20(LLD), GAT10(NO2)15, GAT4, and GAL10. However, strain 13 guinea pigs responded only against GAT10. The explanation offered is that strain 2 guinea pigs, which have the Ir-GA gene, recognize the polymers via random GA determinants present in sufficient concentration in all of the above polymers. However, strain 13 guinea pigs recognize the GAT10 via the Ir-GT gene, and reduction in the concentration of tyrosyl residues below 10 mole % by various procedures alters the concentration of available random GT determinants necessary for interaction with the gene product of the Ir-GT gene.
Hot Rolled Steel Bar Low Cycle, Strain Controlled Fatigue Data for Automotive Applications (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The automotive industry has developed techniques for assessing the service life of steel components through a combination of finite element analysis and strain controlled fatigue data. These techniques require knowledge of the cyclic properties of various steel grades for which the processing, structure and mechanical properties have been characterized. This paper describes the development, under the auspices of the American Iron and Steel Institute, of a strain controlled fatigue database for steel bar products used in chassis and power train applications. The format of the database is described, and the use of cyclic properties to predict component life is discussed.</div>
Electrical properties of thermal oxide grown using dry oxidation on <i>p</i>-type 6H-silicon carbide (1994)

The electrical properties of thermal oxides grown on p-type 6H-silicon carbide were investigated during this work. Thermal oxides were grown on 7×1015 cm−3 aluminum doped p-type 6H-silicon carbide at 1275 °C in a dry oxygen ambient. Capacitance-voltage measurement indicated the presence of a large positive charge in the oxide. The interface state density and effective charge density for these oxides was estimated to be 1×1011 cm−2 eV−1 and 8×1012 cm−2 respectively. Bias temperature stress measurement showed the presence of negative bias stress instability and slow trapping.
Systems Manager: Inventory and Patch Manager (2019)

Two exciting AWS Systems Manager features that help manage your fleet at scale are Systems Manager Inventory and Systems Manager Patch Manager. With Systems Manager Inventory, you can specify the type of metadata you want to collect from your instances, which instances to collect it from, and when to collect it. AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager gives you the tools you need to automate the process of scanning or installing patches on your instances.
Modular mutagenesis of human placental ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein with leucine-rich repeats. (1990)

Human placental ribonuclease inhibitor (PRI) is a potent protein inhibitor of pancreatic ribonucleases and the homologous blood vessel-inducing protein angiogenin. Although inhibition by PRI occurs with a 1:1 stoichiometry, its primary structure is composed predominantly of seven internal leucine-rich repeats. These internal repeats were systematically deleted either singly or in combination by "modular" mutagenesis. Deletion of repeat units 3 plus 4 or repeat unit 6 results in mutants that both bind to and inhibit ribonuclease A. Therefore, the angiogenin/ribonuclease binding site in PRI must reside primarily or entirely in repeats 1, 2, 5, or 7, the short N- or C-terminal segments, or a combination of these. Deletion of repeat units 3-5, 5-6, or 5 alone results in mutants that exhibit only binding activity. Hence, the binding site cannot reside exclusively in repeat 5. Other internal deletions or N- or C-terminal deletions of 6-86% of the protein all abolish activity. These results suggest that PRI has a modular structure, with one primary structural repeat constituting one module. The approach taken may be applicable to other proteins with repeat structures.
Abstract B25: Inhibition of autocrine signaling as a strategy to target tumor-initiating breast cancer cells (2013)

Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pleiotropic cellular program, has been associated with the acquisition of metastatic ability, self-renewal traits and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer and other carcinomas. During normal development and tumor progression, this change in cell phenotype is induced by contextual signals that epithelial cells receive from their microenvironment, thereby promoting cellular heterogeneity. The signaling context responsible for inducing an EMT and maintaining the resulting cellular states has been unclear. We describe three signaling pathways, involving transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and canonical/beta-catenin dependent and noncanonical Wnt signaling, that collaborate to induce activation of the EMT program and thereafter function in an autocrine fashion to maintain the resulting mesenchymal and stem cell-like state. Importantly, the induction of the EMT program and associated autocrine signaling is partly enabled by the downregulation of endogenous inhibitors of autocrine signals secreted by epithelial cells prior EMT, indicating a homeostatic mechanism. These inhibitors include secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), which has been shown by others to be a rate-limiting determinant of Wnt signaling, and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, which appear to inhibit TGF-beta signaling. Conversely, disruption of autocrine signaling by adding back endogenous inhibitors of autocrine signaling as recombinant proteins inhibits migration and self-renewal of breast cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumorigenicity and spontaneous metastasis in vivo. Together, our results indicate that ongoing autocrine signaling is required for the maintenance of mesenchymal and stem cell traits in breast cancer cells. In the longer term, we intent to develop a cocktail small-molecule inhibitors to therapeutically interrupt multiple autocrine pathways, thereby forcing tumor-initiating cells of breast and other carcinomas to exit the mesenchymal, stem cell-like state. Since this cellular state is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, we predict that such a treatment protocol might render breast cancer cells that have passed through an EMT more sensitive to standard chemotherapy, thereby serving as a therapeutic strategy to overcome tumor heterogeneity and relapse. Citation Format: Christina Scheel, Diana Dragoi, Elinor Ng Eaton, Sophia Hsin-Jung Li, Ferenc Reinhardt, Robert A. Weinberg. Inhibition of autocrine signaling as a strategy to target tumor-initiating breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Synthetic Lethal Approaches to Cancer Vulnerabilities; May 17-20, 2013; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B25.
Modulational instability and critical regime in a highly birefringent fiber (1996)

We report experimental observations of modulational instability of copropagating waves in a highly birefringent fiber for the normal dispersion regime. We first investigate carefully the system behavior by means of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations and phase-matching conditions, and then, experimentally, we use two distinct techniques for observing MI (modulational instability) in the fiber; namely, the single-frequency copropagation, where two pump waves of identical frequency copropagate with orthogonal polarizations parallel to the two birefringence axes of the fiber, and the two-frequency copropagation, where the two polarized waves copropagate with different frequencies. In both cases the GVM (group-velocity mismatch) of the two copropagating waves appears as the particularly important parameter which governs the system behavior. For the single-frequency copropagation, the GVM is simply proportional to the intrinsic birefringence of the fiber and therefore varies only very slightly versus the wavelength, and there exists a nonzero critical power for the input wave above which MI vanishes [Phys. Rev. A 42, 682 (1990)]. In the two-frequency-copropagation regime, however, the GVM becomes a variable parameter, that is, a real control parameter for MI, whose value can be easily tuned over a wide range by just changing the wavelength separation between the two pump waves. For several values of the GVM we show that the two-frequency-copropagation regime provides a richer spectrum of behavior than the single-frequency copropagation. Most of the richness comes from the existence of particular values of pump wavelengths for which MI disappears for all input-wave power, that is, the existence of a critical regime in which the critical power becomes zero. This behavior is drastically different from what was previously observed in the single-frequency configuration. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
A Magnetofluorescent Carbon Dot Assembly as an Acidic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐Driven Oxygenerator to Regulate Tumor Hypoxia for Simultaneous Bimodal Imaging and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy (2018)

Recent studies indicate that carbon dots (CDs) can efficiently generate singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and rapid consumption of oxygen in the PDT process will severely limit therapeutic effects of CDs due to the oxygen-dependent PDT. Thus, it is becoming particularly important to develop a novel CD as an in situ tumor oxygenerator for overcoming hypoxia and substantially enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, for the first time, magnetofluorescent Mn-CDs are successfully prepared using manganese(II) phthalocyanine as a precursor. After cooperative self-assembly with DSPE-PEG, the obtained Mn-CD assembly can be applied as a smart contrast agent for both near-infrared fluorescence (FL) (maximum peak at 745 nm) and T<sub>1</sub> -weighted magnetic resonance (MR) (relaxivity value of 6.97 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ) imaging. More interestingly, the Mn-CD assembly can not only effectively produce <sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> (quantum yield of 0.40) but also highly catalyze H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> to generate oxygen. These collective properties of the Mn-CD assembly enable it to be utilized as an acidic H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> -driven oxygenerator to increase the oxygen concentration in hypoxic solid tumors for simultaneous bimodal FL/MR imaging and enhanced PDT. This work explores a new biomedical use of CDs and provides a versatile carbon nanomaterial candidate for multifunctional nanotheranostic applications.
THE DETERMINATION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF THORIUM IN SOME URANIUM MATERIALS (1946)

Abstract: "A method for the determination of small quantities of thorium in the presence of large quantities of uranium is presented. Solid samples are dissolved in an appropriate acid. Reducible metals are removed by means of a mercury cathode. Excess acid is removed by fuming to dryness. The residue is dissolved in water and made alkaline with saturated ammonium carbonate solution, thus complexing the uranium and permitting the precipitation of thorium hydroxide with the aid of an aluminum hydroxide carrier. Thorium is determined colorimetrically with thoron."
Robust control design and implementation on the Middeck Active Control Experiment (1994)

This paper presents a coherent methodology for robust controller synthesis for the Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE): a Shuttle program scheduled for flight on STS-67 in February 1995. The experiment has been designed to investigate the extent to which the on-orbit behavior of a precision-controlled spacecraft can be predicted and controlled using analysis and ground testing prior to launch. A goal of the flight experiment is to demonstrate good payload pointing performance using active controllers designed based on the predicted structural dynamics. For systems with complicated control topologies and large model uncertainties, this requires a systematic control design methodology. The results from preliminary ground-based control experiments are used in this paper to present such a design technique and to illustrate how it can be applied to future flight experiments. This control design methodology is then used to develop controllers that obtain a 22 dB improvement in the performance metric on the current MACE hardware.
DC Bus Regulation with a Flywheel Energy Storage System (2002)

This paper describes the DC bus regulation control algorithm for the NASA flywheel energy storage system during charge, charge reduction and discharge modes of operation. The algorithm was experimentally verified with results given in a previous paper. This paper presents the necessary models for simulation with detailed block diagrams of the controller algorithm. It is shown that the flywheel system and the controller can be modeled in three levels of detail depending on the type of analysis required. The three models are explained and then compared using simulation results.