gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychological Stress, Neuroimmunomodulation, and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases in Animals and Man: A Review (1997)

This article reviews research on the role of psychological stress, personality, social support and other psychosocial factors in bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. After 100 years of research on man and animals, psychological stress is considered as a potential cofactor in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Psychological stress seems able to alter the susceptibility of animals and man to infectious agents, influencing the onset, course and outcome of certain infectious pathologies. Many experiments have identified in neuroimmunomodulation the principal mediator of the alterations associated with conditions of stress. The development of psychoneuroimmunology has fostered in-depth study of the complex relationship between psychosocial factors, the central nervous system, the immune system and infectious disease. Although antimicrobial drugs have certainly remained the basis of all anti-infective therapy, this type of study has already led some authors to propose and experiment protocols of psychological intervention or psychoimmunotherapy in pathologies such as tuberculosis, or herpes simplex virus or human immunodeficiency virus infections. The psychoneuroimmunological approach to infectious diseases will probably grow in importance in the future not only in the setting of research in psychosomatic medicine but also in that of clinical microbiology.
Bis-basic-substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds. A new class of antiviral agents. 7. Bisalkamine esters of 9-oxoxanthene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-bis-basic ethers of xanthen-9-one, and 2,7-bis(aminoacyl)xanthen-9-ones, -xanthenes, and -thioxanthenes (1976)

3,6-Bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-9H-xanthen-9-one dihydrochloride (4, RMI 10874DA) and 1,1'-(9H-xanthene 2,7-diyl)bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethanone] dihydrochloride (16, RMI 11513DA) were found to prolong survival of mice infected with lethal challenges of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. They were effective by oral as well as subcutaneous administration and showed broad-spectrum antiviral activity. They were selected for preclinical evaluation from the five series of compounds named in the title that were synthesized in analogy to tilorone and related fluorenone derivatives, described earlier. In addition to 4 and 16, compounds 11, 12, 17, and 18 showed high antiviral activity on oral as well as subcutaneous administration. High antiviral activity on subcutaneous admistration was found in the bisalkamine esters 1,2, and 14, the bis(aminoacyl)xanthenes 23 and 26, the bis(aminoalkylene)xanthene 31, the bis(aminoacyl)thioxanthenes 34-40, and the bis-basic ethers of 9-benzylide-nexanthenes 41 and 42. Structure-activity relationships showed a decrease of oral activity with increased length of side chains and increased molecular weight of dialkylamino substituents of 3,6-bis-basic ethers of xanthen-9-one and of 2,7-bis(aminoacyl)xanthenes and-xanthen-9-ones. At least one carbonyl or alkenyl function in conjugation to the xanthene nucleus either at the 9 position of the nucleus or in the side chains is required for high antiviral activity.
Limitations of information extraction methods and techniques for heterogeneous unstructured big data (2019)

During the recent era of big data, a huge volume of unstructured data are being produced in various forms of audio, video, images, text, and animation. Effective use of these unstructured big data is a laborious and tedious task. Information extraction (IE) systems help to extract useful information from this large variety of unstructured data. Several techniques and methods have been presented for IE from unstructured data. However, numerous studies conducted on IE from a variety of unstructured data are limited to single data types such as text, image, audio, or video. This article reviews the existing IE techniques along with its subtasks, limitations, and challenges for the variety of unstructured data highlighting the impact of unstructured big data on IE techniques. To the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive study conducted to investigate the limitations of existing IE techniques for the variety of unstructured big data. The objective of the structured review presented in this article is twofold. First, it presents the overview of IE techniques from a variety of unstructured data such as text, image, audio, and video at one platform. Second, it investigates the limitations of these existing IE techniques due to the heterogeneity, dimensionality, and volume of unstructured big data. The review finds that advanced techniques for IE, particularly for multifaceted unstructured big data sets, are the utmost requirement of the organizations to manage big data and derive strategic information. Further, potential solutions are also presented to improve the unstructured big data IE systems for future research. These solutions will help to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the data analytics process in terms of context-aware analytics systems, data-driven decision-making, and knowledge management.
Theory of three circuit transformers (1924)

P. L. Alger: Mr. Boyajian's theory of three-circuit transformers applies to the induction motor as well as to the transformer. His three-circuit transformer is the same in theory as the double-squirrel-cage induction motor, and the same phenomenon of a negative reactance which occurs in his diagrams also occurs in the equivalent circuit of the motor.
RFID应用问答系列之三:RFID实施中,CEO必须了解的十件事 (2004)

如果CEO能够赞成购买RFID设备,安排人员监督安装,然后把精力集中在处理其他的事情上,比如发展自己的主打产品,这无疑是一种理想的状态.但现在如果这样做就冒着非常大的风险.与Internet一样,RFID是一项最终会影响到所有公司业务模式的技术.
Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and promotes cell migration, invasion and metastasis (2015)

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), is a highly conserved protein involved in fundamental processes, such as cell proliferation and growth, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, pluripotency, and cell cycle regulation. TCTP also inhibits Na,K-ATPase whose subunits have been suggested as a marker of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial step during tumor invasiveness, metastasis and fibrosis. We hypothesized that, TCTP might also serve as an EMT inducer. This study attempts to verify this hypothesis. We found that overexpression of TCTP in a porcine renal proximal tubule cell line, LLC-PK1, induced EMT-like phenotypes with the expected morphological changes and appearance of EMT related markers. Conversely, depletion of TCTP reversed the induction of these EMT phenotypes. TCTP overexpression also enhanced cell migration via activation of mTORC2/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin, and invasiveness by activating MMP-9. Moreover, TCTP depletion in melanoma cells significantly reduced pulmonary metastasis by inhibiting the development of mesenchymal-like phenotypes. Overall, these findings support our hypothesis that TCTP is a positive regulator of EMT and suggest that modulation of TCTP expression is a potential approach to inhibit the invasiveness and migration of cancer cells and the attendant pathologic processes including metastasis.
Template Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Composites (2008)

Abstract The subtle performance of a virus is closely related to its specific hierarchical structure, which is composed of a rigid shell and transverse, responsive, nanometer‐sized channels. Virus‐like structured colloids are of great interest for their potential applications, for example in drug delivery. Adequate knowledge of the structure and composition control of both colloids and mesoporous materials is significant in the design and synthesis of hierarchically structured colloids to mimic viruses. Some recent developments in the synthesis of composite colloids and mesoporous materials are summarized. Template synthesis is a major tool to control both the macroscopic morphology and microstructures of these composites, in which gel colloids and supramolecular structures from amphiphilic species are used as templates. magnified image
Metabolic activation of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines by human liver and colon (1991)

The metabolic activation of the food-borne rodent carcinogens 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) was compared with that of the known human carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), using human liver microsomes, human and rat liver cytosols, and human colon cytosol. All of these aromatic amines were readily activated by N-hydroxylation with human liver microsomes (2.3-5.3 nmol/min/mg protein), with PhIP and ABP exhibiting the highest rates of cytochrome P450IA2-dependent N-oxidation, followed by MeIQx, IQ and Glu-P-1. In contrast, while ABP and 2-aminofluorene were readily N-acetylated (1.7-2.3 nmol/min/mg protein) by the polymorphic human liver cytosolic N-acetyltransferase, none of the heterocyclic amines were detectable as substrates (less than 0.05 nmol/min/mg protein). Likewise, only low activity was observed (0.11 nmol/min/mg protein) for the N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid, a selective substrate for the human monomorphic liver N-acetyltransferase. The radiolabeled N-hydroxy (N-OH) arylamine metabolites were synthesized and their reactivity with DNA was examined. Each derivative bound covalently with DNA at neutral pH (7.0), with highest levels of binding observed for N-OH-IQ and N-OH-PhIP. Incubation at acidic pH (5.0) resulted in increased levels of DNA binding, suggesting formation of reactive arylnitrenium ion intermediates. These N-OH arylamines were further activated to DNA-bound products by human hepatic O-acetyltransferase. Acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA)-dependent, cytosol-catalyzed DNA binding was greatest for N-OH-ABP and N-OH-Glu-P-1, followed by N-OH-PhIP, N-OH-MeIQx and N-OH-IQ; and both rapid and slow acetylator phenotypes were apparent. Rat liver cytosol also catalyzed AcCoA-dependent DNA binding of the N-OH arylamines; and substrate specificities were comparable to human liver, except that N-OH-MeIQx and N-OH-PhIP gave relatively higher and lower activities respectively. Human colon cytosols likewise displayed AcCoA-dependent DNA binding activity for the N-OH substrates. Metabolic activity was generally lower than that found with the rapid acetylator liver cytosols; however, substrate specificity was variable and phenotypic differences in colon O-acetyltransferase activity could not be readily discerned. This may be due, at least in part, to the varied contribution of the monomorphic acetyltransferase, which would be expected to participate in the enzymatic acetylation of some of these N-OH arylamines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ACTIVITY OF THE SEX-DETERMINING GENE <i>tra-2</i> IS MODULATED TO ALLOW SPERMATOGENESIS IN THE <i>C. ELEGANS</i> HERMAPHRODITE (1986)

In the nematode C. elegans, there are two sexes, the self-fertilizing hermaphrodite (XX) and the male (XO). The hermaphrodite is essentially a female that makes sperm for a brief period before oogenesis. Sex determination in C. elegans is controlled by a pathway of autosomal regulatory genes, the state of which is determined by the X:A ratio. One of these genes, tra-2, is required for hermaphrodite development, but not for male development, because null mutations in tra-2 masculinize XX animals but have no effect on XO males. Dominant, gain-of-function tra-2 mutations have now been isolated that completely feminize the germline of XX animals so that they make only oocytes and no sperm and, thus, are female. Most of the tra-2(dom) mutations do not correspondingly feminize XO animals, so they do not appear to interfere with control by her-1, a gene thought to negatively regulate tra-2 in XO animals. Thus, these mutations appear to cause gain of tra-2 function in the XX animal only. Dosage studies indicate that 5 of 7 tra-2(dom) alleles are hypomorphic, so they do not simply elevate XX tra-2 activity overall. These properties suggest that in the wild type, tra-2 activity is under two types of control: (1) in males, it is inactivated by her-1 to allow male development to occur, and (2) in hermaphrodites, tra-2 is active but transiently inactivated by another, unknown, regulator to allow hermaphrodite spermatogenesis; this mode of regulation is hindered by the tra-2(dom) mutations, thereby resulting in XX females.
Inhibition of Initiation, Elongation, and Termination of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis by Trichothecene Fungal Toxins (1977)

The 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, specific inhibitors of protein synthesis in eukaryotes, can be subdivided further in terms of their mode of action. In addition to the I-type (initiation inhibitors) and E-types (elongation inhibitors), we found that some E-types apparently exhibit inhibition of chain termination at low concentrations. The nature of substituents on C4 may determine the type of inhibitory activity observed.
Adaptive distance protection of a double-circuit line (1994)

Due to changes in the power system, such as generator and line outages and changes in load and generation, the performance of distance relays can vary. In the case of a distance relay protecting a phase of a double-circuit line, the state of the parallel circuit is of major importance. Simulations show that, depending on the power system state, a distance relay can cover from less than 50% up to far more than 100% of the total line length. This is demonstrated with a double-circuit line under the single-line-to-ground fault (SLG) fault condition, since this is the most common type of fault. In this paper the distance protection of a double-circuit line under the SLG fault condition is formulated. To achieve correct operation, the relay does not only use the measured quantities of the circuit-to-be-protected, but also the zero sequence current of the parallel circuit. Such a relay requires extra measuring equipment, and, moreover, the zero sequence current of the parallel circuit cannot always be measured. Therefore, another approach is chosen. A correction factor is introduced, set adaptively according to the actual power system state. In this way, the appropriate setting of the relay is provided, in relation with the actual power system state. A side-effect of the adaptive setting of the relay is that the safety margin in the relay settings is decreased, due to the uncertainty in the power system state. By adapting the relay to the actual power system state, maximum selectivity is achieved, and the protection system as such will be more reliable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CONTRACEPTIVE PLANT DRUGS (1973)

The author lists in tabular form 60 plants which could perhaps profitably be investigated for contraceptive effect. In the table the Latin names are listed as well as relevant portions of plants methods of preparation directions for intake and geographical and/or ethnic origin of contraceptive practice.
Proinflammatory cytokines, measured in a mixed population on arrival in the emergency department, are related to mortality and severity of disease (1997)

Carlstedt F, Lind L, Lindahl B (University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden). Proinflammatory cytokines, measured in a mixed population on arrival in the emergency department, are related to mortality and severity of disease. J Intern Med 1997; 242 : 361–5. Objectives To investigate whether serum levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) are related to mortality and severity of disease in patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Emergency Department of a tertiary university hospital. Subjects A total of 140 patients admitted to the ED, representing common acute medical diseases, such as stroke, obstructive lung disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, infectious diseases and acute abdominal disorders. Main outcome measures APACHE II score at admission, hospital mortality and length of stay in hospital (LOS). Results A moderate rise in cytokine levels (IL‐6; 50–300 ng L −1 , TNF‐α; 10–70 ng L −1 ) was found in all diagnosis‐groups, with the most pronounced elevation seen in patients with acute abdominal disorders (up to 6900 ng L −1 ). IL‐6 on arrival to the ED was significantly correlated to the APACHE II score ( r = 0.48, P < 0.0001), LOS ( r = 0.36, P < 0.0001) and was elevated in nonsurvivors ( n = 9 ) compared to those who did survive. TNF‐α on arrival showed a significant correlation to LOS ( r = 0.36, P < 0.0001) and APACHE II ( r = 0.41, P < 0.0001), but was not associated to later mortality. Conclusions Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines collected at admission to the ED were related to the severity of disease and hospital mortality.
Computer-guided academic detailing as part of a drug benefit program (1995)

A service for identifying opportunities for drug cost savings in managed care plans and intervening by giving drug information to physicians is described. A clinical pharmacy company developed a computerized drug-use-review program to (1) identify and track variances in prescribing from drug-use criteria, (2) formulate plans for correcting the variances, and (3) document the impact of those interventions on drug costs. The software program weights prescriptions claims data against drug-use criteria to identify opportunities to save money. Savings opportunities for drug costs are defined as the net difference between the cost of the prescription claim and the lower, criteria-based cost. Episodes of potential savings are grouped by variables such as drug, physician, patient, and pharmacy, and each group is characterized by its total potential for cost savings. The groups are ranked to identify drug therapy problems that most contribute to the cost of medication misuse to the client. Pharmacists counsel identified physicians and enter the responses into a database for economic analyses. From September through December 1993, the software program was used to review 167,684 prescription claims totaling $4,368,576 in drug expenditures for enrollees in Pennsylvania's Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly program. Potential drug cost savings totaling nearly $280,000 were identified. Academic detailing by the company's pharmacists resulted in a saving in drug costs of more than $12,000 per month for the first three months after the detailing. Pharmacists at a clinical pharmacy company decreased drug costs for a managed care organization by using a software program to identify the drug costs with the greatest potential for savings and the physicians associated with those costs; the physicians were targeted for academic detailing.
Research on the Adjustment of Engineering Insurance Rate Based on AHP under the Condition of Unit Price Contract (2010)

Regarding the rate-making method of engineering insurance, there isn't a uniform standard in the field of insurance for a long time. Although there is a trend to calculate the engineering insurance rate based on the method of risk coefficient adjustment recent years, it doesn't consider the significance of the risk synthetically by combining project cost and doesn't consider the risk control condition of the insurance policy holder adequately. In order to define the engineering insurance rate objectively, this paper will evaluate the risk with the AHP method and intensively consider the cognition and control on risk by contractors and project owners. This paper also proposes a method to determine the adjustment coefficient of engineering insurance rate based on AHP under the condition of unit price contract, and proves the feasibility of the method.
An Amine‐Functionalized Titanium Metal–Organic Framework Photocatalyst with Visible‐Light‐Induced Activity for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2012)

Let your light shine: the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to the formate anion under visible light irradiation is for the first time realized over a photoactive Ti-containing metal-organic framework, NH(2)-MIL-125(Ti), which is fabricated by a facile substitution of ligands in the UV-responsive MIL-125(Ti) material.
Non-Planar Adaptive Antenna Arrays for GPS Receivers (2010)

The effects of various design parameters (e.g., the curvature, number of elements, and element distribution) on the anti-jamming (AJ) performance of non-planar GPS antenna arrays are discussed. It is shown that for the best performance, non-planar GPS antennas should have a convex surface, a large curvature, and as many elements as possible. The antenna elements should also be distributed to fill the available surface. Using these guidelines, a six-inch-high. non-planar GPS antenna containing seven elements was designed, and an experimental model of the antenna was built. The anti-jamming performance of the experimental antenna is presented.
A high speed integrated service switch based on 4*4 switching elements (2002)

A high-speed, integrated service switch built around a banyan multistage interconnection network (MIN) with 4*4 elements is proposed and studied. The architecture is similar to that of the fast-packet/circuit (FPC) switch. It employs n bit-parallel lines in the MIN to reduce contention and is capable of supporting integrated voice-data-video communications. The tagged-job method is used to formulate a model for the 4*4 switching element, and it is noted that this technique extends directly to the analysis of larger n*n switching elements. Performance evaluation of the switch provides throughput and delay results for fast packet switching which supports voice and data and blocking-and-loss probability behavior for circuit-switched (CS) circuit setup which supports real-time traffic such as fixed-rate video. A performance comparison shows that this switch has a higher maximum throughput than but similar delay behavior to the FPC switch for packet switching. However, its blocking-and-loss probability for CS circuit setup is significantly smaller under identical traffic conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gait recognition using acceleration from MEMS (2006)

This paper presents an approach on recognising individuals based on 3D acceleration data from walking, which are collected using MEMS. Unlike most other gait recognition methods, which are based on video source, our approach uses walking acceleration in three directions: vertical, backward-forward and sideways. Using gait samples from 21 individuals and applying two methods, histogram similarity and cycle length, the equal error rates of 5% and 9% are achieved, respectively.
Ultrasensitive Isotope Trace Analyses with a Magneto-Optical Trap (1999)

Laser manipulation of neutral atoms has been used to count individual krypton-85 and krypton-81 atoms present in a natural krypton gas sample with isotopic abundances in the range of 10(-11) and 10(-13), respectively. This method of isotope trace analysis is free of contamination from other isotopes and elements and can be applied to several different isotope tracers for a wide range of applications. The demonstrated detection efficiency is 1 x 10(-7). System improvements could increase the efficiency by many orders of magnitude.