gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRESERVING RECOMMENDER ACCURACY AND DIVERSITY IN SPARSE DATASETS (2004)

Recommender systems combine research from user profiling, information filtering and artificial intelligence to provide users with more intelligent information access. They have proven to be useful in a range of Internet and e-commerce applications. Recent research has shown that a content-based (or case-based) perspective on collaborative filtering for recommendation can provide significant benefits in decision support accuracy over traditional collaborative techniques, particularly as dataset sparsity increases. These benefits derive both from the use of more sophisticated case-based similarity metrics and from the proactive maintenance of item similarity knowledge using data mining. This article presents a natural next step in this ongoing research to improve the quality of recommender systems by validating these findings in the context of more complex models of collaborative filtering, as well as by demonstrating that such techniques also preserve recommendation diversity, one of the key issues affecting traditional recommender systems.
Effects of Shear Bond Characteristics of Tack Coats on Pavement Performance at the Interface (2011)

A finite element (FE) approach was used in a study to investigate the effects of interface shear bond characteristics of tack coats on pavement response at the interface. A two-dimensional FE modeling approach incorporated laboratory-measured bond characteristics of tack coats to describe the constitutive behavior at the interface. Two pavement structures typically used in Louisiana for low and medium traffic levels were simulated. The Louisiana interlayer shear strength tester was used to test three types of emulsified tack coat materials—CRS-1, SS-1h, and trackless—and a PG 64-22 asphalt binder at three residual application rates, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.70 l/m 2 (0.031, 0.062, and 0.155 gsy). From the results of the FE simulation analysis, it was determined that the performance of tack coat materials at the interface was primarily dictated by the pavement structure with no pronounced change in the field stresses from one tack coat material to another. In addition, the influence of tack coat material type and application rate became more relevant in thin pavements and less dominant in thick pavement structures. For the thin structure considered in the study, it was determined that the majority of tack coat materials and application rates would experience fatigue damage at the interface. The minimum laboratory-measured interface shear strength to provide acceptable fatigue performance at the interface was 190 kPa (28 psi). For the thick structure considered in the study, the majority of the tack coat material types and application rates performed satisfactorily against fatigue damage at the interface. The minimum laboratory-measured interface shear strength to provide acceptable fatigue performance at the interface was 128 kPa (19 psi).
Oligosaccharides as recognition structures. (1989)

The diverse O-linked oligosaccharide structures of the glycoproteins in mucus have the potential for encoding a vast amount of biological information. A major challenge in modern cell biology is to devise ways of decoding the information in these and other oligosaccharide structures of N-linked chains and glycolipids. In this article, I highlight some studies of oligosaccharide antigenicity, and discuss the way the results are being interpreted with respect to oligosaccharide function. I conclude with a discussion of a new technology that is under development with the aim of investigating oligosaccharide recognition in diverse biological systems.
Model for Estimating Coke Porosity Distribution Based on X-ray Computerized Tomogram in Coke Oven (1987)

Several kinds of coal were carbonized by using the coke oven with X-ray computerized tomography scanner (CT oven). Estimation of apparent density distribution of the coal charge during carbonization was successfully carrried out by using the scanner.(1) The coal charge expands owing to the swelling pressure in the plastic layer during the early carbonization period.(2) The density distribution of the plastic layer is V-shape.The estimation model of the coke porosity distribution is developed based on these phenomena. The validity of the model is confirmed through the CT oven.
BER Performance of Coherent Optical Communications Systems Employing Monolithic Tunable Lasers With Excess Phase Noise (2014)

We analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance of optical coherent communication systems employing multi-section monolithic tunable lasers with large excess phase noise. The BER of the coherent system utilizing a second-order decision-directed digital phase-locked loop (DD-PLL) for phase tracking was computed numerically. Experimental results have also been demonstrated with a 16-quadratic-amplitude modulation coherent system deploying a sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector laser at 16 Gbaud that confirms the performance of the second-order DD-PLL in tracking the excess phase noise.
Effect of phorbol myristate acetate on cerebral blood flow in normal and neutrophil-depleted rats. (1993)

The early phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced decrease in cerebral blood flow may be due to the effects of protein kinase C activation on vascular smooth muscle or on platelet aggregation, whereas the persistent decrease in cerebral blood flow appears to be mediated in part by neutrophil activation.
ChemInform Abstract: The “Inverse Electron‐Demand” Diels‐Alder Reaction in Polymer Synthesis. Part 3. Model Diels‐Alder Reactions of Some Bis(1,2,4‐ triazines) with Dienophiles and Some Bisdienophiles with Heterocyclic Dienes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of ω‐(Benzoyloxy)alkanols with an Oxoaminium Salt. (1990)

Abstract The oxoaminium chloride (II), generated by oxidative chlorination of the tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (I) either directly before the conversion or in situ, is employed in the oxidation of the hydroxyalkyl benzoates (III).
The precipitation of silver chloride from aqueous solutions. Part 3.—Temperature coefficients of growth and solution (1955)

C. W. Davies and G. H. Nancollas, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 818 DOI: 10.1039/TF9555100818
Surface structures and transitions in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>phase of one chiral liquid crystal compound (2001)

Three optical probes have been employed on free-standing films to study surface structure and transitions of the SmC* phase of one liquid crystal compound. While the interior layers show the SmC* structure, the tilt in adjacent surface layers is found to be anticlinic. The number of anticlinic surface layers grows rapidly as the transition to the SmC*(FI2) phase is approached.
Transcription of cloned transfer RNA genes from<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>in a homologous cell-free extract (1982)

Cloned Drosophila melanogaster tRNA genes have been transcribed in a homologous cell-free extract isolated from a Schneider II cell line. The major product of the reaction is a tRNA precursor which is processed to a tRNA sized species. The kinetics of transcription has been followed for 5 different valine tRNA gene clones. The results demonstrate formation of stable transcription complex with at least two kinetic steps. While the rate of formation of the transcription complex is similar to different clones, the ultimate rate of transcription varies dramatically. Comparison of the DNA sequence of the tRNA genes suggests that rate determining nucleotides lie outside the canonical tRNA split-internal promoters.
Biological denitrification of brines from membrane treatment processes using an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor (2010)

This paper investigates denitrification of brines originating from membrane treatment of groundwater in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor, a biofilm reactor without carrier. A simulated brine wastewater was prepared from tap water and contained a nitrate concentration of 125 mg/l as N and a total salt concentration of about 1%. In order to select for a suitable energy source for denitrification, two electron donors were compared: one promoting precipitation of calcium compounds (ethanol), while the other (acetic acid), no precipitation was expected. After extended operation to reach steady state, the sludge from the two reactors showed very different mineral contents. The VSS/TSS ratio in the ethanol fed reactor was 0.2, i.e., 80% mineral content, while the VSS/TSS ratio in the acetic acid fed reactor was 0.9, i.e., 10% mineral content. In spite of the low mineral content, the sludge from the acetic acid fed reactor showed remarkably excellent granulation and settling characteristics. Although the denitrification performance of the acetic acid fed reactor was similar to that of the ethanol fed reactor, there was a huge difference in the sludge production due to mineral precipitation, with the corresponding negative aspects including increased costs of sludge treatment and disposal and moreover, instability and difficulties in reactor operation (channeling). These arguments make acetic acid a much more suitable candidate for brine denitrification, despite previous findings observed in groundwater denitrification regarding the essential role of a relatively high sludge mineral fraction for stable and effective USB reactor operation. Based on a comparison between two denitrification reactors with and without salt addition and using acetic acid as the electron donor, it was concluded that the reason for the excellent sludge settling characteristics found in the acetic acid fed reactor is the positive effects of higher salinity on granular sludge formation.
Neuron network activity scales exponentially with synapse density (2008)

Neuronal network output in the cortex as a function of synapse density during development has not been explicitly determined. Synaptic scaling in cortical brain networks seems to alter excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to produce a representative rate of synaptic output. Here, we cultured rat hippocampal neurons over a three-week period to correlate synapse density with the increase in spontaneous spiking activity. We followed the network development as synapse formation and spike rate in two serum-free media optimized for either (a) neuron survival (Neurobasal/B27) or (b) spike rate (NbActiv4). We found that while synaptophysin synapse density increased linearly with development, spike rates increased exponentially in developing neuronal networks. Synaptic receptor components NR1, GluR1 and GABA-A also increase linearly but with more excitatory receptors than inhibitory. These results suggest that the brain's information processing capability gains more from increasing connectivity of the processing units than increasing processing units, much as Internet information flow increases much faster than the linear number of nodes and connections.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Stability of HLA-DR1 Complexes Correlates with Burial of Hydrophobic Residues in Pocket 1 (1999)

Certain class II MHC-peptide complexes are resistant to SDS-induced dissociation. This property, which has been used as an in vivo as well as an in vitro peptide binding assay, is not understood at the molecular level. Here we have investigated the mechanistic basis of SDS stability of HLA-DR1 complexes by using a biosensor-based assay and SDS-PAGE with a combination of wild-type and mutant HLA-DR1 and variants of hemagglutinin peptide HA306-318. Experiments with wild-type DR1 along with previously published results establish that the SDS-stable complexes are formed only when the hydrophobic pocket 1 (P1) is occupied by a bulky aromatic (Trp, Phe, Tyr) or an aliphatic residue (Met, Ile, Val, Leu). To further explore whether the SDS sensitivity is primarily due to the exposed hydrophobic regions, we mutated residue beta Gly86 at the bottom of P1 to tyrosine, presumably reducing the depth of the pocket and the exposure of hydrophobic residues and increasing the contacts between subunits. In direct contrast to wild-type DR1, the peptide-free mutant DR1 exists as an alpha/beta heterodimer in SDS. Moreover, the presence of a smaller hydrophobic residue, such as alanine, as P1 anchor with no contribution from any other anchor is sufficient to enhance the SDS stability of the mutant complexes, demonstrating that the basis of SDS resistance may be localized to P1 interactions. The good correlation between SDS sensitivity and the exposure of hydrophobic residues provides a biochemical rationale for the use of this assay to investigate the maturation of class II molecules and the longevity of the complexes.
Fetus in Fetu Located in the Scrotal SAC of a Newborn Infant: A Case Report (1972)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1972Fetus in Fetu Located in the Scrotal SAC of a Newborn Infant: A Case Report Tadao Kakizoe, and Michio Tahara Tadao KakizoeTadao Kakizoe , and Michio TaharaMichio Tahara View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61064-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 107Issue 3March 1972Page: 506-508 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tadao Kakizoe More articles by this author Michio Tahara More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Influences of High-Flow Events on a Stream Channel Altered by Construction of a Highway Bridge: A Case Study (2009)

Impacts of highway construction on streams in the central Appalachians are a growing concern as new roads are created to promote tourism and economic development in the area. Alterations to the streambed of a first-order stream, Sauerkraut Run, Hardy County, WV, during construction of a highway overpass included placement and removal of a temporary culvert, straightening and regrading of a section of stream channel, and armourment of a bank with a reinforced gravel berm. We surveyed longitudinal profiles and cross sections in a reference reach and the altered reach of Sauerkraut Run from 2003 through 2007 to measure physical changes in the streambed. During the four-year period, three high-flow events changed the streambed downstream of construction including channel widening and aggradation and then degradation of the streambed. Upstream of construction, at a reinforced gravel berm, bank erosion was documented. The reference section remained relatively unchanged. Knowledge gained by documenting channel changes in response to natural and anthropogenic variables can be useful for managers and engineers involved in highway construction projects.
Randomized Active-Controlled Phase II Study of Denosumab Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Breast Cancer-Related Bone Metastases (2007)

Subcutaneous denosumab may be similar to IV BPs in suppressing bone turnover and reducing SRE risk. The safety profile was consistent with an advanced breast cancer population receiving systemic therapy.
Investigation of hot cathode reflex discharges (1969)

Hot cathode reflex discharges investigated to improve ion generation efficiency in space ion thrustors
Effect of Time on Fluorescing Power of Estrogenic Steroids (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Time on Fluorescing Power of Estrogenic SteroidsH. S. Strickler, R. C. Grauer, and M. R. CaugheyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 8, 1240–1243Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60116a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (535 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Digital light-emitting electrocardiography (2000)

To avoid induction noise, a novel principle for the electrocardiography is proposed The measured potential is transmitted as the digital light pulses via IrDA protocol. microcomputer (DSP) is utilized for the filtering, A/D and D/A conversions.
Roles of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis. (2003)

B lymphocytes play several critical roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. They are the source of the rheumatoid factors and anticitrullinated protein antibodies, which contribute to immune complex formation and complement activation in the joints. B cells are also very efficient antigen-presenting cells, and can contribute to T cell activation through expression of costimulatory molecules. B cells both respond to and produce the chemokines and cytokines that promote leukocyte infiltration into the joints, formation of ectopic lymphoid structures, angiogenesis, and synovial hyperplasia. The success of B cell depletion therapy in rheumatoid arthritis may depend on disruption of all these diverse functions.
Direct intrauterine versus cervical insemination:- effects on egg recovery and fertilization in superovulated ewes (1989)

The problem of partial or complete failure of fertilization following cervical insemination in superovulated ewes submitted for embryo transfer can largely be overcome by depositing semen directly into the uterine lumen. However this technique, when carried out by mid-line laparotomy in superovulated ewes is associated with a significant reduction in ovum recovery (Trounson & Moore, 1974; Boland & Gordon, 1978). Although the recent introduction of laparoscopic intrauterine (IU) insemination has now removed the need for major surgery when inseminating superovulated ewes its use in non-superovulated ewes often results in a slight depression in litter size (McKelvey, Robinson, Aitken & Henderson, 1985). Such results imply that it too may reduce embryo recovery rates. Indeed our initial experience with the widespread use of the laparoscopic technique to inseminate superovulated ewes, although devoid of proper conventionally-inseminated controls, gave disappointingly low values for embryo recovery. The present study was carried out therefore to determine the effect of direct intrauterine versus natural cervical insemination on egg recovery and fertilization rates in ewes superovulated using porcine FSH or PMSG and GnRH.
Calibration of Multiple In Silico Tools for Predicting Pathogenicity of Mismatch Repair Gene Missense Substitutions (2012)

Classification of rare missense substitutions observed during genetic testing for patient management is a considerable problem in clinical genetics. The Bayesian integrated evaluation of unclassified variants is a solution originally developed for BRCA1/2. Here, we take a step toward an analogous system for the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) that confer colon cancer susceptibility in Lynch syndrome by calibrating in silico tools to estimate prior probabilities of pathogenicity for MMR gene missense substitutions. A qualitative five-class classification system was developed and applied to 143 MMR missense variants. This identified 74 missense substitutions suitable for calibration. These substitutions were scored using six different in silico tools (Align-Grantham Variation Grantham Deviation, multivariate analysis of protein polymorphisms [MAPP], MutPred, PolyPhen-2.1, Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant, and Xvar), using curated MMR multiple sequence alignments where possible. The output from each tool was calibrated by regression against the classifications of the 74 missense substitutions; these calibrated outputs are interpretable as prior probabilities of pathogenicity. MAPP was the most accurate tool and MAPP + PolyPhen-2.1 provided the best-combined model (R(2) = 0.62 and area under receiver operating characteristic = 0.93). The MAPP + PolyPhen-2.1 output is sufficiently predictive to feed as a continuous variable into the quantitative Bayesian integrated evaluation for clinical classification of MMR gene missense substitutions.
Effects of the genetic transformation with the isopentenyltransferase gene on poplar (1993)

Effets de la transformation genetique avec le gene de l'isopentenyltransferase chez le peuplier
Preventing mussel adhesion using lubricant-infused materials (2017)

Mussels are opportunistic macrofouling organisms that can attach to most immersed solid surfaces, leading to serious economic and ecological consequences for the maritime and aquaculture industries. We demonstrate that lubricant-infused coatings exhibit very low preferential mussel attachment and ultralow adhesive strengths under both controlled laboratory conditions and in marine field studies. Detailed investigations across multiple length scales-from the molecular-scale characterization of deposited adhesive proteins to nanoscale contact mechanics to macroscale live observations-suggest that lubricant infusion considerably reduces fouling by deceiving the mechanosensing ability of mussels, deterring secretion of adhesive threads, and decreasing the molecular work of adhesion. Our study demonstrates that lubricant infusion represents an effective strategy to mitigate marine biofouling and provides insights into the physical mechanisms underlying adhesion prevention.
<i>N</i>-Acetyl-<scp>L</scp>-phenylalanine (2000)

The structure of the title compound, C(11)H(13)NO(3), is characterized by a two-dimensional infinite network of intermolecular N-H.O and O-H.O hydrogen bonds.