gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CSI and SENSE CSI (2016)

Chemical shift imaging (CSI) is a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method of localizing spectra from multiple locations at the same time. For localization, the principle of phase encoding as used in MRI is applied. Because the applied phase-encoding gradients are strong and short, CSI localization does not suffer from image warping and chemical shift displacement artifacts. The main disadvantage of CSI is the long acquisition time. For example, acquiring the minimum of a single encoding step per phase encode leads to an acquisition time of more than 34 min for a two-dimensional acquisition with a 32 × 32 matrix and a typical 2 s repetition time. The actual spatial resolution can be described with a point spread function, which exhibits strong side lobes due to the limited extent of the encoding matrix and tissue heterogeneity, leading to contamination from neighboring voxels. Filtering reduces the side lobes and their associated contamination at the cost of resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per unit volume. Acquisition weighting can be used to simulate a filter during acquisition and thus optimize SNR. Inhomogeneities in the static magnetic field cause shifts in the frequency domain of spectra from voxels at different locations. Those shifts can be corrected using a field map or the water signal from an additional CSI acquisition without water suppression. Water and lipid suppression are performed with the same approaches as in single volume acquisitions. As MRS is challenged by the low metabolite concentrations, phased-array coils are often used to improve the SNR compared to volume coils. Because of the nonuniform sensitivity profiles of each coil, the signal amplitudes and phases from different coils vary among voxels from different locations. Combining data from different channels can be done using the initial points of the FIDs from each voxel. An SNR-optimized coil combination can be achieved using sensitivity maps, and the signals in the different voxels scaled to display a homogeneous sensitivity distribution. Acquisitions with phased arrays can also be accelerated with parallel imaging methods, typically shortening the above-mentioned 34 min acquisition to 9 min or less.
Design of an FP/EBG antenna with metamaterial PRS (2011)

FP/EBG antennas have received intensive attention and large investigations during the last decade. The development of such structure opened the field for real industrial applications in the microwave domain, especially for the antenna design. In this paper we present an FP/EBG antenna operating around 2GHz. The structure consists of a Fabry-Perot Cavity composed of a ground plane, an air cavity and a Partially Reflecting Surface (PRS) made of SRR cells (Slot Ring Resonator). The simulation results show a directivity enhancement of about 4 dB. This structure can be used as directive antenna in communication systems.
Synthesis and characterization of block copolymers containing PC segments and PHTH‐6 mesogenic units (2002)

The DOI information was printed incorrectly when this article was first published. It should read: DOI 10.1002/app.10314
Copper stress in grapevine (2015)

Copper-based fungicides are widely used mainly in organic viticulture, since the discovery of the Bordeaux mixture in the late 1800s. Copper sprays in vineyards can modify several aspects of grapevine physiology and metabolism by regulating the partitioning patterns of several mineral elements, including K, Ca and N, and the accumulation of sugars, nitrogen and lipids. The sequestration of Cu in the vacuole of grape cells constitutes a mechanism for toxic avoidance and several transporters belonging to the Ctr family may account for its distribution within the cell. The expression of VvCTrs in leaves and berries is modulated by the application of Bordeaux mixture throughout the fructification season. Moreover, Cu sprays also modify the microbiome of grape berry and soil. High Cu levels also affect the fermentation process indirectly by controlling the composition of the must and yeast communities and, directly, by compromising yeast growth and alcoholic fermentation kinetics, having great repercussions in the development of varietal and fermentative aromas in wine.
Analysis, design, and implementation of digital dc-dc converters (2013)

The trend of pushing signal processing into the digital domain has penetrated into the analog-dominated power management ICs such as DC-DC converters. Researchers from academics and industries have been looking into the core of DC-DC converter, i.e. the controller or compensator, and redesigning it in digital domain to achieve more superior performance. With the continual evolution of CMOS technology and reducing of supply voltage, digital DC-DC converters have the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio, programmability, and portability while maintaining high efficiency.
Synthèse personalisée de l’expression de joie (2019)

International audience
Synthesis and design of directive beams using EBG resonator antennas fed by planar arrays (2006)

International audience
Robust Deconvolution of Correlation Functions (1987)

A new generalized cross-correlator (GCC) is presented which can provide greatly improved resolution in delay estimation measurements. Generalized crosscorrelation is a technique in which the input signals are prefiltered, in some optimal manner, before crosscorrelating. The prefilters for this GCC are robust (in the minimax sense) linear filters which have found use in linear equalization. The presence of the prefilters, in effect, deconvolves the cross-correlation function. An example of the use of this new GCC is provided by locating acoustic emissions from partial discharge in a high voltage, solid cast transformer. Partial discharge is an electrical phenomena caused by defects in the insulation systems of transformers and is observed as both electrical and acoustic emissions. Time delay estimation techniques used to locate the emissions sites in power transformers are complicated by the multipath signals that are present. Experimental measurements of the acoustic emissions are used to illustrate the effectiveness of this new GCC in combating the problems associated with multipath signals.
Interphase control in poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) copolymer/magnesium hydroxide composites (2001)

The role of isostearic acid (ISA) and maleinised polybutadiene (MPBD) in the interphase control of SBS/magnesium hydroxide composites was investigated. Infrared studies showed that both ISA and MPBD interact chemically with the magnesium hydroxide. Flow microcalorimetry studies showed that model polymers that resemble the two phases of SBS (polybutadiene and polystyrene), were absorbed irreversibly on the surface of magnesium hydroxide. Differences in mechanical responses showed that filler surface modification with MPBD led to increased filler-matrix adhesion compared to the composite based on untreated. ISA treatment of the filler led to reduced melt viscosities and filler-matrix interaction, but resulted in higher levels of strain induced crystallization, relative to the composites based on untreated and MPBD treated magnesium hydroxide.
Octahedral and tetrahedral solvates of the aluminum cation. Study of the exchange of free and bound organophosphorus ligands by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOctahedral and tetrahedral solvates of the aluminum cation. Study of the exchange of free and bound organophosphorus ligands by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyJean J. Delpuech, Mohamed R. Khaddar, Alain A. Peguy, and Patrice R. RubiniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 12, 3373–3379Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00845a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (747 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NMR study of the effects of electric dipole interactions on the ordering of chain solutes in the nematic phase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNMR study of the effects of electric dipole interactions on the ordering of chain solutes in the nematic phaseD. J. Photinos, C. D. Poon, E. T. Samulski, and H. ToriumiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 20, 8176–8180Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100199a066https://doi.org/10.1021/j100199a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gene structure and transcript analysis of the human and mouse EGF-TM7 molecule, FIRE (2006)

The epidermal growth factor-transmembrane seven (EGF-TM7) family are proteins that express EGF-like domains at their extracellular N-terminus coupled to a classical seven transmembrane (TM7) cassette. Recently, we identified, in mice, a novel member of this family termed FIRE (EMR-4). Here, we present the structure of the mouse and human FIRE genes. The structures of the two genes are strikingly similar, with the positions of the introns, relative to the deduced protein sequences, highly conserved. Moreover, the gene structures are typical of other members of the EGF-TM7 family. Other researchers have identified a point deletion in exon eight of the human FIRE gene, which introduces a frame shift into the cDNA leading to a premature stop codon. Thus, human FIRE is predicted to be expressed only as a soluble protein; even though sequence potentially encoding the TM7 cassette is found in a separate open reading frame of the same mRNA transcript. We explored the possibility that a cell surface expressed form of human FIRE did exist, either as an allelic variant, or as an alternatively spliced transcript. Although, we did identify two alternatively spliced human FIRE transcripts, neither are predicted to express the TM7 cassette. Thus if human FIRE exists, it is likely to be expressed as a soluble secreted molecule.
Effects of age on elements of insulin-signaling pathway in central nervous system of rats (2001)

Insulin resistance is known to play a pivotal role in type 2 diabetes. Senile individuals, besides being prone to insulin resistance and, consequently, to type 2 diabetes, manifest diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that may be influenced by disturbances of insulin signaling in the brain, such as memory impairment, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. We investigated the expression and response to insulin of elements involved in the insulin-signaling pathway in the forebrain cortex and cerebellum of rats ages 1 d to 60 wk. The protein content of insulin receptors and SRC homology adaptor protein (SHC) did not change significantly along the time frame analyzed. However, insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and SHC, and the association of SHC/growth factor receptor binding protein-2 (GRB2) decreased significantly from d 1 to wk 60 of life in both types of tissues. Moreover, the expression of SH protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2), a tyrosine phosphatase involved in insulin signal transduction and regulation of the insulin signal, decreased significantly with age progression, in both the forebrain cortex and the cerebellum of rats. Thus, elements involved in the insulinsignaling pathway are regulated at the expression and/or functional level in the CNS, and this regulation may play a role in insulin resistance in the brain.
CHEMICAL1 CONTROL OF THREE WHITE GRUB SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) ATTACKING FRASER FIR CHRISTMAS TREES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS (1987)

Field experiments were conducted in 1982, 1983, and 1984 to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides for controlling white grubs infesting Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., Christmas trees and pastureland scheduled for fir plantings, and to evaluate insecticide phytotoxicity. The white grub complex consisted primarily of three species: Pyllophaga anxia (LeConte) Glasgow, P. fusca (Froelich) Glasgow, and Polyphylla comes Casey. Mean pretreatment white grub population densities ranged from 20.8 to 77.8 grubs per m2. Isazophos, diazinon, carbofuran, carbaryl, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, and isofenphos demonstrated a wide range of effectiveness in reducing populations while showing no phytotoxicity to grass sod or fir. Isazophos and diazinon applications provided the highest levels of control.
Development of a novel, cell‐based chemical screen to identify inhibitors of intraphagosomal lipolysis in macrophages (2010)

Macrophages play a central role in tissue homeostasis and the immune system. Their primary function is to internalize cellular debris and microorganisms for degradation within their phagosomes. In this context, their capacity to process and sequester lipids such as triacylglycerides and cholesteryl esters makes them key players in circulatory diseases, such as atheroclerosis. To discover new inhibitors of lipolytic processing within the phagosomal system of the macrophage, we have developed a novel, cell-based assay suitable for high-throughput screening. We employed particles carrying a fluorogenic triglyceride substrate and a calibration fluor to screen for inhibitors of phagosomal lipolysis. A panel of secondary assays were employed to discriminate between lipase inhibitors and compounds that perturbed general phagosomal trafficking events. This process enabled us to identify a new structural class of pyrazole-methanone compounds that directly inhibit lysosomal and lipoprotein lipase activity.
Genetic Interactions between Hepatitis C Virus Replicons (2004)

To investigate interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication complexes, a system was developed to simultaneously select different HCV subgenomic replicons within the same cell. Transcomplementation of defective replicons was not observed, suggesting an isolated and independent nature of the HCV RNA replication complex. In contrast, a high level of competition between replicons was observed, such that the presence and increased fitness of one replicon reduced the capacity of a second one to stably replicate. These results suggest that at least one factor in Huh7 cells required for HCV RNA replication is limiting and saturable.
Heart rate monitor derived heart rate variability to diagnose atrial fibrillation in horses (2017)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically important arrhythmia in horses.Monitoring cardiac rhythm in successfully treated patients is important because recurrence may occur, but it might be challenging to the owner.Heart rate monitors are user-friendly, can be applied by owners and may offer basic heart rate variability (HRV) parameters such as root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) that might differentiate AF from sinus rhythm.The purpose of this study was to assess if RMSSD, automatically generated by a heart rate monitor, can distinguish between AF and sinus rhythm (SR), based upon a short recording.In 14 horses a 2-minute recording with a heart rate monitor (Polar V800) was made at rest, walk and trot, both in AF and after treatment when back in SR.RMSSD was obtained from the heart monitor's software after importing the recordings.Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and receiver operating curves.At all recording points, RMSSD was significantly higher in AF compared to SR (P< 0.001).Area under the curves were high (> 0.9) and cut-off values at rest, walk and trot were set at 134ms (100% sensitivity, 93% specificity), 55.5ms (94% and 73%) and 14ms (100% and 87%), respectively.We concluded that RMSSD obtained from a 2minute heart rate monitor recording is an easy-to-use tool to monitor horses at risk for developing AF.Recordings at rest revealed best results.Loss of electrode contact and movement artifacts are possible confounders that increase RMSSD and may lead to false positive results.
Genetic variation in glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) as a determinant of the responses to an oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonist in patients with unstable coronary syndromes (2001)

This study examined the influence of the Pl(A) polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) in determining the response to an oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, orbofiban, in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. Genotyping for the Pl(A) polymorphism was performed in 1014 patients recruited into the OPUS-TIMI-16 (orbofiban in patients with unstable coronary syndromes-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 16) trial, in which patients were randomized to low- or high-dose orbofiban or placebo for 1 year. The primary end point (n = 165) was a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent ischemia requiring rehospitalization, urgent revascularization, and stroke. Overall, orbofiban failed to reduce ischemic events when compared with placebo, but increased the rate of bleeding. In the whole population, Pl(A2) carriers had a significant increase in MI (n = 33) during follow up, with a relative risk (RR) of 2.71 (95% CI, 1.37 to 5.38; P =.004). There was a significant interaction between treatment (placebo and orbofiban) and the Pl(A) polymorphism for bleeding (n = 187; P =.05). Thus, while orbofiban increased bleeding in noncarriers (RR = 1.87, 1.29 to 2.71; P <.001) in a dose-dependent fashion, it did not increase bleeding events in Pl(A2) carriers (RR = 0.87, 0.46 to 1.64). There was no interaction between treatment (placebo and orbofiban) and the Pl(A) polymorphism for the primary end point (P =.10). However, in the patients receiving orbifiban there was a higher risk of a primary event (RR = 1.55, 1.03 to 2.34; P =.04) and MI (RR 4.27, 1.82 to 10.03; P <.001) in Pl(A2) carriers compared with noncarriers. In contrast, there was no evidence that Pl(A2) influenced the rate of recurrent events in placebo-treated patients. In patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, the Pl(A) polymorphism of GPIIb/IIIa may explain some of the variance in the response to an oral GPIIb/IIIa antagonist.
Nutritional Factors and Gastric Cancer in Spain (1994)

A case-control study on diet and gastric cancer, carried out in selected areas of four regions of Spain (Aragon, Castile, Catalonia, and Galicia) in 1988 and 1989, included 354 cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 354 controls matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Cases and controls were selected from 15 hospitals, representing most of the hospital facilities in the study areas. Usual diet was estimated by means of a dietary history questionnaire administered by interview. An increased risk of gastric cancer was observed for high consumption of exogenous nitrosamines (odds ratio = 2.1 for the highest quartile of consumption versus the lowest; p for linear trend = 0.007), nitrites, fat, and cholesterol. However, in a multivariate regression model, the effect of fat and cholesterol disappeared. An inverse association with the risk for gastric cancer was seen for high intake of fiber, vitamin C, folate, carotene, and nitrates. High consumption of vitamin C seemed to neutralize the increased risk related to simultaneous consumption of nitrosamines. For histologic type, the authors found no meaningful differences in the effect of most of the nutrients between intestinal and diffuse cancers. Their findings are consistent with previously reported results about the protective effect of fruit and vegetables and the increased risk associated with foods that are important sources of nitrites and preformed nitrosamines.
Sec63 and Xbp1 regulate IRE1α activity and polycystic disease severity (2015)

The HSP40 cochaperone SEC63 is associated with the SEC61 translocon complex in the ER. Mutations in the gene encoding SEC63 cause polycystic liver disease in humans; however, it is not clear how altered SEC63 influences disease manifestations. In mice, loss of SEC63 induces cyst formation both in liver and kidney as the result of reduced polycystin-1 (PC1). Here we report that inactivation of SEC63 induces an unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway that is protective against cyst formation. Specifically, using murine genetic models, we determined that SEC63 deficiency selectively activates the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of UPR and that SEC63 exists in a complex with PC1. Concomitant inactivation of both SEC63 and XBP1 exacerbated the polycystic kidney phenotype in mice by markedly suppressing cleavage at the G protein-coupled receptor proteolysis site (GPS) in PC1. Enforced expression of spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) enhanced GPS cleavage of PC1 in SEC63-deficient cells, and XBP1 overexpression in vivo ameliorated cystic disease in a murine model with reduced PC1 function that is unrelated to SEC63 inactivation. Collectively, the findings show that SEC63 function regulates IRE1α/XBP1 activation, SEC63 and XBP1 are required for GPS cleavage and maturation of PC1, and activation of XBP1 can protect against polycystic disease in the setting of impaired biogenesis of PC1.