gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vibrio scophthalmi sp. nov., a New Species from Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) (1997)

Six strains isolated from the intestines of juvenile turbot in a fish hatchery in the north of Spain were found to be phenotypically members of the genus Vibrio. However, the phenotypic traits of these organisms did not place them in any of the currently known Vibrio species. These isolates formed an homogeneous group in which the DNA-DNA similarity values (the differences between the thermal denaturation midpoints of the homologous and heterologous duplexes) with reference strain A089T (T = type strain) ranged from 0 to 1.7 degrees C. The results of a 16S rRNA sequence analysis of A089T placed this strain in the genus Vibrio in the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. The closest relative is Vibrio aestuarianus, with a sequence similarity of 97.8%. This group of strains can be easily differentiated from the other Vibrio species by their clear phenotype. We propose the name Vibrio scophthalmi sp. nov. for these strains; the type strain is strain A089 (= CECT 4638).
Identification of the Carboxylic Acid Functionality by Using Electrospray Ionization and Ion−Molecule Reactions in a Modified Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2008)

A mass spectrometric method has been developed for the identification of the carboxylic acid functional group in analytes evaporated and ionized by electrospray ionization (ESI). This method is based on gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of ammoniated ([M + NH4]+) and sodiated ([M + Na]+) analyte molecules with trimethyl borate (TMB) in a modified linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The diagnostic reaction involves addition of the deprotonated analyte to TMB followed by the elimination of methanol. A variety of analytes with different func-tionalities were examined, and this reaction was only observed for molecules containing the carboxylic acid functionality. The selectivity of the reaction is attributed to the acidic hydrogen present in the carboxylic acid group, which provides the proton necessary for the elimination of methanol. The diagnostic products are easily identified based on the m/z value of the product ion, which is 72 Th (thomson) greater than the m/z value of the charged analyte, and also by the character-istic isotope pattern of boron. The applicability of this method for pharmaceutical analysis was demonstrated for three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen.
Lipid bilayer-based sensors and biomolecular electronics. (1991)

The lipid bilayer postulated as the basic structural matrix of biological membranes is widely accepted. Experiments in the early 1960s have made direct studies of lipid bilayers possible. At present, the planar bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) together with spherical lipid bilayers (liposomes), upon suitable modification, serves as a most appropriate model for biological membranes. In recent years, advances in microelectronics and interest in ultrathin organic films, including BLMs, have resulted in a unique fusion of ideas toward the development of biosensors and transducers. Furthermore, recent trends in interdisciplinary studies in chemistry, electronics, and biology have led to a new field of research: biomolecular electronics. This exciting new field of scientific-technological endeavor is part of a more general approach toward the development of a new, postsemiconductor electronic technology, namely, molecular electronics with a long-term goal of molecular computers. Experimental BLMs have been mainly used in the past as models of biological membranes. The methods of BLM studies may not be familiar to those outside biomedical research. Therefore, a brief description of the experimental techniques will be given in Section IV. Recently, it has been demonstrated that BLMs, after suitable modification, can function as electrodes and exhibit nonlinear electronic properties. These and other experimental findings relevant to sensor development and to "biomolecular electronic devices" (BED) will be covered in Section V, after a brief description of biomembranes which have been suggested as nature's molecular devices (Section III). In the last section, the potential use of the BLM system together with its modifications in the development of a new class of organic diodes, switches, biosensors, electrochemical photocells, and biofuel cells will be presented (Section VI). Additionally, this paper, besides presenting a review of our work and those of others on BLMs and liposomes in relation to biosensors and molecular electronics, reports a novel technique for obtaining BLMs (or lipid bilayers) on solid supports. The presence of solid support on one side of the BLM greatly enhances its mechanical stability, while retaining the dynamic properties of the lipid bilayer. Advantages of the new technique for self-assembling amphiphilic molecules on rigid substrates are discussed in terms of their possible uses. That is, the new BLM system (s-BLMs) is potentially useful for technological applications in the area of biosensors, enzyme electrodes, and molecular electronics as well as biochips (Section IV.C). The dividing line between the present microscopic and the future molecular electronics is 1 micron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Method for the determination of the modulation transfer function (MTF) in 3D x-ray imaging systems with focus on correction for finite extent of test objects (2007)

It is well known that rotational C-arm systems are capable of providing 3D tomographic X-ray images with much higher spatial resolution than conventional CT systems. Using flat X-ray detectors, the pixel size of the detector typically is in the range of the size of the test objects. Therefore, the finite extent of the "point" source cannot be neglected for the determination of the MTF. A practical algorithm has been developed that includes bias estimation and subtraction, averaging in the spatial domain, and correction for the frequency content of the imaged bead or wire. Using this algorithm, the wire and the bead method are analyzed for flat detector based 3D X-ray systems with the use of standard CT performance phantoms. Results on both experimental and simulated data are presented. It is found that the approximation of applying the analysis of the wire method to a bead measurement is justified within 3% accuracy up to the first zero of the MTF.
Genetic contribution to postpartum haemorrhage (2014)

Taking a family history from all pregnant women could save lives

Childbirth can be hazardous. Without modern medical interventions, one in two hundred women died in childbirth in the United Kingdom as late as the 1930s.1 These alarming rates persist today in areas where resources are scarce and births are unattended by skilled health workers.2 Not every birth can be attended by a health worker or take place in a maternity unit, even in developed countries. The best we can do is to suggest that women at particular risk for postpartum haemorrhage, the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide,2 should be managed in settings where interventions for excessive bleeding during childbirth are available and judiciously used. There is good evidence that use of oxytocin at delivery prevents primary postpartum haemorrhage3 and that various medical and surgical interventions, including timely blood transfusion, can prevent death from postpartum haemorrhage.4

In a linked article, Oberg and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g4984) give us some valuable new insights on how to identify women who are more likely to require these interventions.5 Currently, we do not know how to reliably stratify women at risk for postpartum haemorrhage. …
Resistance to curly top viruses through virus induced gene silencing. (2009)

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Joint Tracking and Classification of Airbourne Objects using Particle Filters and the Continuous Transferable Belief Model (2006)

This paper describes the integration of a particle filter and a continuous version of the transferable belief model. The output from the particle filter is used as input to the transferable belief model. The transferable belief model's continuous nature allows for the prior knowledge over the classification space to be incorporated within the system. Classification of objects is demonstrated within the paper and compared to the more classical Bayesian classification routine. This is the first time that such an approach has been taken to jointly classify and track targets. We show that there is a great deal of flexibility built into the continuous transferable belief model and in our comparison with a Bayesian classifier, we show that our novel approach offers a more robust classification output that is less influenced by noise
Profile of Autofrost refrigerants. (1997)

Autofrost refers to a family of zeotropic refrigerants marketed by Monroe Airtech, Bloomington, IN, and their subdistributors. Autofrost-X3 (R406A), Autofrost-X4 (pending ASHRAE standards 34 committee as R414A), GHG-X5, and GHG-HP refrigerant are discussed. Used refrigerant return/reclaim policies along with warranties and availability of product are discussed along with performance.
The Temperature Dependence of the Thermal Diffusion Factors of Binary Systems of Nitrogen with the Five Noble Gases and of Helium with Argon (1983)

Abstract Thermal diffusion factors, α T , are reported at several temperatures for binary systems of nitrogen with five noble gases. Similar data are reported for the system helium ‐ argon. Theoretical α T values are compared with the experimental data for two of the systems.
Design of Flower Constellations for Telecommunication Services (2011)

Satellite constellation designers take into consideration the entire telecommunication network and their design choices are influenced by many factors including: number of satellites, orbital characteristics, coverage area, network interconnections, system cost, and complexity. When the satellite constellation design method does not include a large number of possible configurations, then the final result of the design process is a suboptimal solution. Flower Constellation (FC) design provides a relatively new design approach which can overcome this problem. The time evolution of the FC theory is here summarized and the fundamental mathematics allowing the constellation design is provided. In particular, the theory is applied to the design and optimization of constellations maximizing the global coverage and the network connectivity via intersatellite links. Performance results are compared to the classical type of satellite constellations, i.e., the Walker Constellations. The performance improvement provided by FC design with respect to Walker Constellation design is shown. Finally, considerations regarding the cost for deployment and orbital control are also provided.
Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Energy Deposition for a Realistic Model of Man (1979)

Numerical calculations of absorbed energy deposition have been made for a block model of man that is defined with careful attention given to the biometric and anatomical features of a human being. CalcuIated post-resonant absorption and distribution of energy deposition through the body have better agreement with experimental results than previous calculations made using less realistic models.
Sensitive determination of periodate and tartaric acid by stopped-flow chemiluminescence spectrometry (1994)

The stopped-flow technique was used for the determination of periodate by measuring the chemiluminescence produced on reaction with luminol, enchanced by manganese(II) and triethanolamine. The method was also applied to the determination of tartaric acid by oxidation with periodate. Under the optimum conditions, responses were linear between 1.0 × 10–6 and 2.5 × 10–4 mol l–1 periodate and from 5.0 × 10–6 to 5.0 × 10–5 mol l–1 tartaric acid, with a relative standard deviation below about 2% in both instances. The proposed method compares favourably with existing alternatives in terms of sensitivity and sampling frequency. It was used for the determination of tartaric acid in pharmaceutical preparations, the results being consistent with the manufacturers' certified contents.
III–VI Chalcogenide Semiconductor Crystals for Broadband Tunable THz Sources and Sensors (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The layered chalcogenide semiconductor GaSe has been grown under various crystal growth conditions for optimum performance for tunable terahertz (THz) wave generation and broadband THz detection. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption/transmission, electrical charge transport property measurements, and THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) have been used to characterize the grown crystals. It is observed that indium doping enhances hardness of the grown GaSe crystals, which is very useful for processing and fabricating large-area devices. GaSe crystals have demonstrated promising characteristics with good optical quality (absorption coefficient <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\le 0.1\,{\rm cm}^{ - 1}$</tex></formula> in the spectral range of 0.62–18 μm), high dark resistivity (<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\ge$$10^9 \,\Omega \,{\rm cm}$</tex></formula>), wide bandgap (2.01 eV at 300 K), good anisotropic (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\,{\rm and}\, \bot$</tex></formula>) electrical transport properties (<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\mu _{\hbox{e/h}}, \,\tau _{\hbox{e/h}}, \,{\rm and}\,\mu \tau _{\hbox{e/h}}$</tex> </formula>) and long-term stability. The THz emission measurements have shown that the GaSe crystals are highly efficient for broadband tunable THz sources (up to 40 THz), and sensors (up to 100 THz). Additionally, new THz frequencies (0.1–3 THz) have been observed for the first time from an anisotropic binary and a ternary semiconductor crystal. Details of characterizations as well as optimum crystal growth conditions including simulation and computer modeling are described in this paper. </para>
Sprühkompaktieren – Entwicklung von Legierungssystemen und Verfahren (2001)

Die mechanischen Eigenschaften kommerziell erhältlicher Magnesiumknetlegierungen zeichnen sich bei Raumtemperatur durch gute Festigkeiten mit begrenzten Umformeigenschaften aus. Bei erhöhten Temperaturen ab 150°C sinken die Festigkeiten jedoch signifikant. Durch eine gezielte Modifikation von konventionellen Werkstoffen bzw. der Entwicklung neuer Legierungen besteht die Möglichkeit, sprühkompaktierte Magnesiumwerkstoffe als Alternative zu anderen Knetlegierungen zu etablieren. Die neuzeitlichen Arbeiten belegen die exzellenten Möglichkeiten und eröffnen einen Entwicklungsspielraum zur Entwicklung neuer Magnesiumknetlegierungen mit verbesserten mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften. Spray Forming – Alloy Development and Process Improvement Today the most common magnesium wrought alloys have acceptable mechanical properties with a limited formability at room temperature. The strength decreases rapidly at temperatures above 150°C. The use of spray forming can provide new wrought alloys, with a resultant improvement in the physical and mechanical properties. Some studies have shown that spray forming techniques are attractive alternatives to improve the mechanical and physical properties of magnesium alloys for the development of new wrought magnesium products.
Binding of a soluble p70 killer cell inhibitory receptor to HLA‐B*5101: Requirement for all three p70 immunoglobulin domains (1997)

Lysis of target cells by natural killer (NK) cells can be prevented by killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) specific for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Functional studies have identified two distinct p58 KIR, each reactive with a different group of HLA-C allotypes, and distinct p70 KIR specific for some HLA-B or HLA-A allotypes. The NK specificities for each group of HLA-C allotypes have been reproduced by direct binding of recombinant soluble p58 molecules. Here, we show that a soluble p70 KIR binds to HLA-B*5101, but not to HLA-A or HLA-C molecules. Truncated soluble forms of the HLA-B*5101-specific p70 KIR, including one with two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains reactive with a monoclonal antibody that blocks p70 KIR function, did not bind to HLA-B*5101, indicating that all three Ig domains are required for binding.
Priming in perceptual identification of pseudowords is normal in Alzheimer's disease (1994)

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have deficits in recall and recognition memory, and show dissociable performance in repetition priming tasks: They exhibit impaired priming in word-completion and word-generation tasks, but normal priming is perceptual identification of words. In order to examine whether AD patients can show normal priming with novel, unfamiliar stimuli, the present study examined their performance in perceptual identification of pseudowords. Despite impaired recognition memory performance, AD patients showed normal priming in perceptual identification of pseudowords. These results extend the boundaries of intact repetition priming in AD, demonstrating that such priming is not limited to stimuli that are pre-morbidly represented in long-term knowledge. Preserved repetition priming in AD may reflect the operation of perceptual processes localized to posterior visual circuits that are relatively spared in AD.
Microwave‐Assisted Syntheses in Recyclable Ionic Liquids: Photoresists Based on Renewable Resources (2015)

The copoly(2-oxazoline) pNonOx80 -stat-pDc(=) Ox20 can be synthesized from the cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline NonOx and 2-dec-9'-enyl-2-oxazoline Dc(=) Ox in the ionic liquid n-hexyl methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate under microwave irradiation in 250 g/batch quantities. The polymer precipitates upon cooling, enabling easy recovery of the polymer and the ionic liquid. Both monomers can be obtained from fatty acids from renewable resources. pNonOx80 -stat-pDc(=) Ox20 can be used as polymer in a photoresist (resolution of 1 μm) based on UV-induced thiol-ene reactions.
Photoelectron spectra of an<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>70</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>21</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>quasicrystal and the cubic alloy<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>25</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1996)

Photoelectron spectra of a fivefold quasicrystalline alloy ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{21}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{9}$ and a related cubic alloy ${\mathrm{Al}}_{60}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{25}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{15}$ reveal two noteworthy features. The first is that the Pd $3d$ lines fall at binding energies which are 2.2 eV higher than in pure Pd. A similar shift is observed for Pd in other alloys. The second noteworthy feature is that the Mn $2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ line is very sharp in the quasicrystal. Fitting the experimental peaks with a Doniach-Sunjic line shpae suggests that the position and density of Mn states near ${E}_{F}$ is very sensitive to the structural and/or chemical environment of Mn in the alloys, and that this accounts for the shape of the $2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ Mn line. The sharpness of the Mn line may be a fingerprint of the quasicrystalline phase within the AlPdMn family.
Calculation of dynamic friction on intramolecular degrees of freedom (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalculation of dynamic friction on intramolecular degrees of freedomJohn E. Straub, Michal. Borkovec, and Bruce J. BerneCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 19, 4995–4998Publication Date (Print):September 10, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100303a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100303a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A control algorithm and preliminary user studies for a bone drilling medical training system (2004)

Bone drilling procedures require a high surgeon skill. The required core skills are: recognizing the drilling end-point, ability of applying constant, sufficient, but non-excessive feeding velocity and thrust force. Although several simulators and training systems were developed for different surgery, a bone drilling medical training system does not exist yet. In this paper, a bone drilling medical training system is proposed and a novel control algorithm for the problem is presented. A graphical user interface is developed to complete a medical training system structure. Experimental results for controller performance are satisfactory. Additional experiments are performed to check if the developed system improves the skill of trainees or not. Early results suggest that training in the developed medical training system is a promising way to teach drilling into a bone to medical students.