gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wiederaufladbare Batterien (1999)

Abstract As a matter of fact, most of our technical electrochemical energy storage systems operate outside the limitations of thermodynamics. As in the case of rechargeable batteries with aqueous electrolytes (part I of this article), kinetics control the operation and safety also in batteries with nonaqueous electrolytes (this second and final part).A striking example is the lithium ion battery which possesses an operating voltage of >3,5 V and a very high energy density. From a thermodynamic viewpoint such a cell is impossible because the used organic electrolyte is in contact with two lithium insertion electrodes that operate at extreme reducing and oxidizing potentials, respectively. However, a unique mechanism kinetically prevents the decomposition of the electrolyte due to the formation of electronically insulating interphases between electrode and electrolyte that are still permeable to the electrochemically active Li + cations. Lithium ion batteries have already made their breakthrough into the market as small format systems for portable electronics. The only „kinetically shielded”︁ high energy density, however, might be a safety complication for large format batteries, which are assembled for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. Safety concerns are also valid for high temperature (300°C) batteries such as the sodium‐sulfur and sodium‐nickel chloride systems. These systems are still in the stage of „experimental batteries”︁, which may find future application in large units for EV's or uninterruptible power systems. The paper is concluded by a performance comparison of various rechargeable battery systems with aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. (Possible) applications in consumer electronics and EV's are discussed in more detail.
Hodgkin's disease presenting as a thyroid mass (1982)

Extranodal presentations of Hodgkin's disease are relatively unusual, and the presentation of the disease as a thyroid mass is rare. The patient described here had an enlarging thyroid mass over a year and was treated for some months with levothyroxine sodium (levothroid, Synthroid) suppressive therapy, with no results. Clinical staging after initial surgery revealed stage IIIA2 Hodgkin's disease, and combination chemotherapy was immediately begun.
A multi-drug delivery system with sequential release using titania nanotube arrays (2012)

A multi-drug delivery system with sequential release based on titania nanotube arrays and polymer micelles as drug carriers is presented. Delivery of multiple water insoluble and soluble drugs required for combined local therapy is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thermal Decomposition of Lead cyclo‐Tetraphosphate (1987)

Abstract (Pb 2 P 4 O 12 ·2 H 2 O (I)) has been investigated by XRD, DTA‐TG, HPLC flow injection analysis, isotachophoresis, and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryltropone Synthesis. Part 2. Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐ Bromo‐7‐methoxytropone with Arylboronic Acids: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐7‐methoxytropones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Exact Algorithm for the Stratification Problem with Proportional Allocation (2009)

We report a new optimal resolution for the statistical stratification problem under proportional sampling allocation among strata. Consider a finite population of N units, a random sample of n units selected from this population and a number L of strata. Thus, we have to define which units belong to each stratum so as to minimize the variance of a total estimator for one desired variable of interest in each stratum,and consequently reduce the overall variance for such quantity. In order to solve this problem, an exact algorithm based on the concept of minimal path in a graph is proposed and assessed. Computational results using real data from IBGE (Brazilian Central Statistical Office) are provided.
The Carbonato and Bicarbonato Pentammine Cobalti Ions<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Carbonato and Bicarbonato Pentammine Cobalti Ions1Arthur B. Lamb and Karol J. MyselsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 3, 468–480Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01219a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01219a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theory of light-induced dephasing effects in resonance secondary radiation (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of light-induced dephasing effects in resonance secondary radiationJ. S. Melinger and A. C. AlbrechtCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 11, 2704–2712Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100295a012https://doi.org/10.1021/j100295a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A new theoretical approach in photochemistry. Minimization of excited state–ground state surface separation by selected molecular deformation. Vibrational dissipation of local contributions to excitation energies (1978)

A new method is described for prediction of photochemical reactions by determining which molecular motions convert electronic into vibrational energy and thus minimize excited state–ground state energy separation; the method works generally on a large variety of photochemical reactions, and on the more limited set subject to orbital control, it affords predictions consistent with the Woodward–Hoffmann and Zimmerman Möbius–Hückel methods.
Negative chronotropic effect of CVT‐510 in anesthetized and awake rats (2001)

Abstract CVT‐510 (N‐(3(R)‐tetrahydrofuranyl)‐6‐aminopurine riboside), a selective A 1 adenosine receptor (AdoR) agonist, is being developed as an “AV nodal blocking” agent for acute control of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation and flutter and management of AV nodal reentrant tachycardias. A 1 AdoR agonists are also known to cause sinus bradycardia. In the present study, we characterized the bradycardic effect of CVT‐510 in anesthetized and awake rats. In anesthetized rats, intravenous infusions of CVT‐510 slowed heart rate in a dose‐dependent manner. At doses of 0.5–1.0 μg/kg (1.5–3.0 nmol/kg) and >1.5 μg/kg (4.5 nmol/kg), CVT‐510 slowed heart rate by 30–40% and >50% of baseline, respectively. The sinus bradycardia caused by CVT‐510 was reversible upon termination of infusion. The decreases in heart rate caused by CVT‐510 were accompanied by stepwise increases in plasma levels of CVT‐510. The relationship between plasma levels of CVT‐510 and slowing of heart rate yielded a correlation coefficient (R value) of 0.9. In awake rats CVT‐510 given by repeated (n = 7) intraperitoneal (ip) injections or by chronic (4 days) subcutaneous (sc) administration caused reproducible, dose‐dependent, and persistent bradycardia. Injections ip of 50 μg/kg (148 nmol/kg) CVT‐510 caused sinus bradycardias of >100 bpm. Continuous sc administration of CVT‐510 (e.g., 100 nmol/kg/h) slowed heart rate by 80–60 bpm throughout the duration of infusion, i.e., 4 days. Thus, in rats the sinus bradycardia caused by CVT‐510 does not undergo desensitization due to repeated injections and is persistent, with minimal attenuation during chronic administration. Drug Dev. Res. 52:424–430, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Generalized Reinforcement-Learning Model: Convergence and Applications (1996)

Reinforcement learning is the process by which an autonomous agent uses its experience interacting with an environment to improve its behavior. The Markov decision process (mdp) model is a popular way of formalizing the reinforcement-learning problem, but it is by no means the only way. In this paper, we show how many of the important theoretical results concerning reinforcement learning in mdps extend to a generalized mdp model that includes mdps, two-player games and mdps under a worst-case optimality criterion as special cases. The basis of this extension is a stochastic-approximation theorem that reduces asynchronous convergence to synchronous convergence. Keywords: Reinforcement learning, Q-learning convergence, Markov games 1 INTRODUCTION Reinforcement learning is the process by which an agent improves its behavior in an environment via experience. A reinforcement-learning scenario is defined by the experience presented to the agent at each step, and the criterion for evaluat...
How to pick traveltime in complex structures? (1992)

Accurate velocity model determination by reflection tomography requires traveltime information . In cases where complex velocity models have to be determined, prestack traveltimes have to be picked. This picking being very cumbersome and often impossible due to the complexity of the data 1 propose a depth picking algorithm that remover this difficulty .
Bond percolation and conduction in random and regular networks: topological effects at low coordination numbers (1992)

Earlier workers have shown that percolation and conductivity properties of 14-coordinated random and regular networks in 3D are essentially indistinguishable. This work examines the generality of this result for networks of low coordination (>or=3). The critical percolation exponents, determined by finite-size scaling, are found to be independent of topology and coordination in agreement with existing literature values. However, differences in the percolation threshold, conductivity, and cluster distributions increase with decreasing coordination suggesting that the transferability of these properties between networks of different topology but the same coordination is not valid in general.
RWT: Suppressing Write-Through Cost When Coherence is Not Needed (2015)

In shared-memory multicore architectures, handling a write cache operation is more complicated than in single processor systems. A cache line may be present in more than one private L1 cache. Any cache willing to write this line must inform all the other sharers. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a cache coherence protocol for multicore architectures. At present, directory based protocols are popular cache coherence protocols in both industry and academic domains because of their reduced coherence traffic compared to snooping protocols, at the expense of an indirection. The write policy - write through or write back - is crucial in the protocol design. The write-through policy reduces the bandwidth because it augments the write traffic in the interconnection network, and also augments the energy consumption. However, it can efficiently solve the false sharing problem via write updates. In this paper, we introduce a new way to reduce the write traffic of a write-through coherence protocol by combining write-through coherence with a write-back policy for non coherent lines. The baseline write-through used as reference is a scalable hybrid invalidate/update protocol. Simulation results show that with our enhanced protocol, we can reduce at least by 50% the write traffic in the interconnection network, and gain up to 20% performance compared with the baseline write-through protocol.
Adiabatic state preparation of interacting two-level systems (2012)

We consider performing adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) using frequency-swept driving pulses to excite a collection of interacting two-level systems. Such a model arises in a wide range of many-body quantum systems, such as cavity QED or quantum dots, where a nonlinear component couples to light. We analyze the one-dimensional case using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, as well as the mean field limit where the system is described by a Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonian. These limits provide complementary insights into the behavior of many-body systems under ARP, suggesting our results are generally applicable. We demonstrate that ARP can be used for state preparation in the presence of interactions, and identify the dependence of the required pulse shapes on the interaction strength. In general interactions increase the pulse bandwidth required for successful state transfer, introducing new restrictions on the pulse forms required.
La capture et l'enfouissement doivent entrer dans une phase industrielle (2011)

This is an invited short paper in the French popular science magazine La Recherche (http://www.larecherche.fr/) . This contribution seen as the Pro-CCS will put in regards to an Anti-CCS contribution in their Debate section. An English translation is provided.
Electric Vehicle Packaging Tool (EVPT), validation and application (2013)

The eMobility-Lab development Electric Vehicle Packaging Tool (EVPT) supports design and approval of Electric Vehicles. By replacing the existing drive line with an electric drive line the vehicle mass, the moment of inertia and the position of the centre of gravity may change. This may affect the steady-state and dynamic vehicle handling. The EVPT calculates the battery mass from vehicle performance parameters and subsequently the effect on vehicle handling. Furthermore, it also calculates the necessary changes in vehicle set up to recover the original vehicle handling. The EVPT can be applied in the development process; especially in the concept stage where decisions have to be made with respect to quality, costs and development time. The EVPT is developed as a calculation and simulation package and is also available as a set of look up tables, in which case no simulation environment is necessary. The development as presented on the EEVC 2012 continues in this paper with the validation and application of the EVPT. It is concluded that the EVPT shows a good qualitative and quantitative representation of vehicle handling in practise. The EVPT has been used in an ICE to EV conversion project and has shown its usability in making design choices. Furthermore the paper describes the added value of the EVPT to other software packages: a robust easy to use tool with a specific focus on (electric) vehicle packaging evaluation. The EVPT is developed in the eMobility-lab research program of the Rotterdam University of Applied Science. The eMobility-lab investigates electric mobility concepts operating in the Rotterdam area, contributing to a sustainable, safe and economic solution for clean transportation.
Management of anorectal malformations in the era of laparoscopy (2014)

Aim Despite the advances of laparoscopic surgery in paediatric surgery, its role in anorectoplasty remains controversial. This review article aims at discussing current evidences regarding this new operative approach. Methods Literature review for laparoscopic anorectoplasty was performed in combination with experience from our centre. Details on operative techniques, surgical complications and postoperative outcomes were highlighted. Results Laparoscopic anorectoplasty ( LAR ) can be performed safely and effectively in early infantile period with modern small‐sized laparoscopic instruments. Postoperative complications have been reported to range from 0.8 to 7.2 per cent. Apart from general surgical complications, fistula and cyst formations at the posterior urethra are two specific complications. Functional outcomes are not inferior to traditional posterior sagittal anorectoplasty ( PSARP ) with less surgical trauma and better cosmetic result especially in high‐type malformations. Similarly, outcomes of LAR are comparable with PSARP under manometric and radiological assessments. Conclusions Based on current evidences, LAR appears to be at least as good as PSARP . In high‐type malformations, we recommend that LAR be considered as the operation of choice. However, good laparoscopic skills and proper laparoscopic instruments are essential when performing this operation.
High Level Functional Expression of Human β1-Adrenergic Receptor in Baculovirus-Infected Cells Screened by a Rapid in Situ Procedure (1993)

A novel screening assay for the identification of baculovirus infected cells expressing membrane receptors was developed by using a replica transfer technique. Sf9 cells were cotransfected with wild type baculoviral DNA and the transfer vector pVL941-beta 1 containing the coding region of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor gene. Infected cells embedded in agarose were incubated with [125I]-iodocyanopindolol and transferred onto filters that were subsequently autoradiographed. This procedure resulted in the isolation of recombinant baculoviruses that expressed beta 1-adrenergic receptors. Binding assays carried out with [125I]-ICYP indicated that more than 600,000 receptors were expressed per cell, the highest level noted so far for this receptor in genetically engineered cells. Sf9 cells expressing the beta 1-AR were analysed by ligand binding, competition experiments, adenylyl cyclase stimulation and photoaffinity labeling. These cells express a homogenous population of receptors and display the known pharmacological properties of beta 1-AR in human tissues.
Lubricated wear of steel-ceramic and ceramic-ceramic systems. Topical report, June 1, 1986-September 1, 1990 (1993)

The goals of the program were to develop methods of measuring wear in the four-ball wear tester using lubricants in fully flooded, vapor phase with condensation and vapor phase procedures with a variety of lubricant types. The use of ceramic discs as a substitute for balls in the friction dynamometer was also developed in the program. These studies show that changes in bearing systems from steel-on-steel to steel-on-ceramic can be made without changing the lubricant-additive systems now used in natural gas fired engines. The studies also showed that vapor phase lubrication could be substituted for liquid lubricants without sacrifice in performance in the four-ball wear tester.
DEM microfabrication technique and its applications in bioscience and microfluidic systems (2001)

A new LIGA-like microfabrication technique was developed by present authors. DEM (deepetching, electroforming and microreplication) is the abbreviation of three main process steps in this new microfabrication technique. In contrast to LIGA technique, DEM technique has the advantages of lower cost and shorter process period. Microfluidic systems like plastic capillary electrophoresis chips, micro flowmeters and three-dimensional DNA chips were developed using DEM technique. DEM technique offers a new way for fabrication of MEMS and MOEMS components.
Ligand Binding Promotes CDK-Dependent Phosphorylation of ER-Alpha on Hinge Serine 294 but Inhibits Ligand-Independent Phosphorylation of Serine 305 (2012)

Phosphorylation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is critical for its transcription factor activity and may determine its predictive and therapeutic value as a biomarker for ERα-positive breast cancers. Recent attention has turned to the poorly understood ERα hinge domain, as phosphorylation at serine 305 (Ser305) associates with poor clinical outcome and endocrine resistance. We show that phosphorylation of a neighboring hinge domain site, Ser294, analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry of ERα immunoprecipitates from human breast cancer cells is robustly phosphorylated exclusively by ligand (estradiol and tamoxifen) activation of ERα and not by growth factor stimulation (EGF, insulin, heregulin-β). In a reciprocal fashion, Ser305 phosphorylation is induced by growth factors but not ligand activation of ERα. Phosphorylation at Ser294 and Ser305 is suppressed upon co-stimulation by EGF and ligand, respectively, unlike the N-terminal (AF-1) domain Ser118 and Ser167 sites of ERα where phosphorylation is enhanced by ligand and growth factor co-stimulation. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) by roscovitine or SNS-032 suppresses ligand-activated Ser294 phosphorylation without affecting Ser118 or Ser104/Ser106 phosphorylation. Likewise, cell-free studies using recombinant ERα and specific cyclin-CDK complexes suggest that Ser294 phosphorylation is primarily induced by the transcription-regulating and cell-cycle-independent kinase CDK7. Thus, CDK-dependent phosphorylation at Ser294 differentiates ligand-dependent from ligand-independent activation of Ser305 phosphorylation, showing that hinge domain phosphorylation patterns uniquely inform on the various ERα activation mechanisms thought to underlie the biologic and clinical diversity of hormone-dependent breast cancers.