gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformal mapping and nomography methods for the design of the Schiffman phase shifter (1995)

A new accurate design technique based on a nomograph is presented for Schiffman phase shifters. This approach has been verified and demonstrates extremely good agreement with experimental data.
Improved Deadbeat Current Controller with a Repetitive-Control-Based Observer for PWM Rectifiers (2011)

The stability of PWM rectifiers with a deadbeat current controller is seriously influenced by computation time delays and low-pass filters inserted into the current-sampling circuit. Predictive current control is often adopted to solve this problem. However, grid current predictive precision is affected by many factors such as grid voltage estimated errors, plant model mismatches, dead time and so on. In addition, the predictive current error aggravates the grid current distortion. To improve the grid current predictive precision, an improved deadbeat current controller with a repetitive-control-based observer to predict the grid current is proposed in this paper. The design principle of the proposed observer is given and its stability is discussed. The predictive performance of the observer is also analyzed in the frequency domain. It is shown that the grid predictive error can be decreased with the proposed method in the related bode diagrams. Experimental results show that the proposed method can minimize the current predictive error, improve the current loop robustness and reduce the grid current THD of PWM rectifiers.
Gezondheidsproblemen bij jonge dieren : probiotica als antwoord? (1990)

TNO-Voeding InleidingJonge dieren in de periode tussen de geboorte tot enkele weken na het spenen zijn gevoelig voor infectieuze stoornissen in de tractus gastro-intestinalis (maag- darmkanaal) en de tractus respiratorius (ademhalingswegen).Zeker in de intensieve veehouderij (o.a.bij biggen, kalveren en konijnen) kan dit leiden tot ernstige gezondheidsproblemen en produktieverliezen.Bij een hoge bezettingsgraad van de dierverblijven neemt de infectiedruk sterk toe, terwijl de weerstand van het dier hierbij kan afnemen.Dit heeft tot gevolg dat van oorsprong zwak pathogene micro- organismen soms tot ernstige ziekte-uitbraken leiden en/of tot een grote toename van subklinische gezondheidsstoornissen en produktieverliezen.Ter preventie van gezondheidsstoornissen en ter bevordering van de produktieresultaten zijn optimale zotechnische omstandigheden en een goed management onontbeerlijk.In de praktijk blijkt dit echter niet altijd haalbaar of voldoend e te zijn, zodat men tracht via andere maatregelen de produktieverliezen te beperken.Gangbaar is de praktijk waarbij het rantsoen van de dieren wordt aangevuld met componenten die de bedrijfsresultaten zouden doen verbeteren door ziektepreventie en groeibevordering.Hoge koperconcentraties (bij varkens) en groeibevorderende antibiotica worden vrijwel standaard toegevoegd.Tegen deze voedingsadditieven worden steeds meer bezwaren geopperd, zoals voor koper (dat het milieu belast) en voor antibiotica (weefselresiduen en de vorming van resistentie).De vraag is of er alternatieven bestaan voor deze additieven.De laatste jaren is de ontwikkeling en het gebruik van 'probiotica' meer en meer in de belangstelling gekomen.In het navolgende wil ik trachten een antwoord te geven op de vraag 'wat is een probioticum en wat kan men daarvan verwachten in relatie tot het voorkmen van gezondheidsproblemen en tot het verbeteren van de produktieresultaten bij jonge dieren in de intensieve veehouderij?'Omdat probiotica verband houden met de ecologie van de micro-organismen op lichaamsoppervlakken (zoals de darm) wordt eerst een kort overzicht gegeven van de microflora (ontwikkeling, belang en verstoring van de microflora), alvorens nader in te gaan op probiotica.
Electrically regulated differentiation of skeletal muscle cells on ultrathin graphene-based films (2014)

The electrical conductivity of graphene provides a unique opportunity to modify the behavior of electrically sensitive cells. Here, we demonstrate that C2C12 myoblasts that were cultured on ultrathin thermally reduced graphene (TR-Graphene) films had more favorable cell adhesion and spreading compared to those on graphene oxide (GO) and glass slide substrates, comparable with conventional Petri dish. More importantly, we demonstrate that electrical stimulation significantly enhanced myoblast cell differentiation on a TR-Graphene substrate compared to GO and glass slide surfaces as confirmed by the expression of myogenic genes and proteins. These results highlight the potential applications of graphene-based materials for cell-based studies, bioelectronics, and biorobotics.
Undetected Components in Natural Mixtures: How Many? What Concentrations? Do They Account for Chemical Noise? What Is Needed to Detect Them? (2011)

By definition, information about the set of components in a complex mixture below the detection limit is not directly available. However, if the composition of natural mixtures follows a natural law, the application of this law would enable the prediction of analytically important characteristics of that "hidden" fraction of the mixture. We have found that the analytical responses of compounds in three disparate natural mixtures (extracellular metabolites, light crude oil, and plant extracts) follow a log-normal (LN) distribution to a very high degree of correlation. Through the application of the LN model, the total number of components potentially detectable and the LN parameters of their analytical response distribution have been determined. From this distribution, one can predict the degree of analytical selectivity and dynamic range that would be required to detect any additional fraction of the components present. The data analyses of the studied mixtures reveal that the LN distribution parameters differ from one mixture type to another and that important information regarding the sample and the method employed is obtained. Further, the background level or "chemical noise" in the determinations studied agrees with the predicted cumulative responses of the undetected components. If generally applicable, the LN model will provide characterization parameters for mixture types, a means to assess completeness of analytical methods, and a model for theorists in mixture composition.
Lithium exposure enhances survival of NT2N cells (hNT neurons) in the hemiparkinsonian rat (2002)

Lithium (Li +) treatment of NTera2/D1 (or hNT Neurons) in culture increases tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in this cell-line [Zigova et al., (1999) Exp. Neurol., 157, 251-258]. It is not known if these Li + treated cells maintain TH expression once transplanted into the striatum of the hemiparkinsonian rats. hNT neurons were either treated with 1 mm LiCl or left untreated and then transplanted into the striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. Some cells were exposed to the lithium for 24 h in culture while others were exposed only briefly (2-3 h) just prior to transplantation. We also examined whether Li + treatment of the animal after transplantation (0.24% w/w lithium carbonate in chow) was effective in increasing neuronal survival. One week after transplantation, the animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and immunocytochemistry was performed on 30 micro m sections through the transplant. Human nuclear matrix antigen immunostaining demonstrated that there was significantly better survival of cells in the group treated briefly with lithium compared to all other groups. Brief exposure to lithium resulted in a greater expression of TH in situ as well. Neuron specific enolase immunohistochemistry showed that there was extensive fibre outgrowth in all groups. These results suggest that brief Li + exposure may enhance survival to over 60% and increase TH expression of hNT Neurons transplanted in the hemiparkinsonian rat nearly three-fold.
Gas sensitive porous silicon sensor using rapid thermal annealing screen printing contacts (2007)

Abstract The development of sensitive porous silicon (PS) gas sensor which utilizes screen printing for the front and back contacts metallization has been reported. Application of the thick‐film technology results in highly reproducible and economic fabrication of the contacts. We present the design, fabrication, characterization and results when devices were submitted to different gases as opposed to a controlled environment such as vacuum. The C‐V and I‐V measurements performed on metal/CH x /porous silicon/silicon structure showed that the electrical properties of the device are extraordinary sensitive to various gases, oxygen, propane, carbon dioxide at disproportionate level. The response of this device, which operates at bias voltages of 10–100 mV, is rapid and reversible. The electrically operated sensor is more sensitive to oxygen and shows an opposite behaviour if exposed to a reducing environment. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Claisen Condensation by t-Butylmagnesium Chloride (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClaisen Condensation by t-Butylmagnesium ChlorideH. D. Zook, W. J. McAleer, and Levonna HorwinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 11, 2404Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01215a510RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (172 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Chitosan as a Material Stabilizer for Acidic Polysaccharides (2010)

Chitosan was used in this study to form polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) with water-soluble acidic polysaccharides, including gum arabic and pectin. Porous membranes made of gum arabic or pectin only were quiet fragile. After incorporating with chitosan, the usability of the membranes was greatly improved. The results showed that the gum arabic/chitosan composite membranes had detectable tensile stress and elongation capability. Moreover, the pectin/chitosan composite membranes had significantly improved tensile stress and elongation capability. Both of the two composite membranes had greater water uptake capability than the membranes composed of chitosan only. We have demonstrated that chitosan can function as a material stabilizer to maintain the solid status of the acidic polysaccharides and thus improve the performance of these acidic polysaccharides.
Modulation of growth and urokinase secretion by vasopressin and closely related nonapeptides in metastatic mouse mammary tumor cells (1997)

We examined the effects of the neuropeptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, and their respective synthetic derivatives desmopressin and isotocin, on F3II mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Vasopressin and desmopressin at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mu M were mitogenic for F3II cells and induced protein accumulation. On the contrary, oxytocin and isotocin were moderately growth inhibitory at similar doses. In confluent monolayers vasopressin stimulated the secretion of urokinase, a profibrinolytic enzyme involved in hematogenous metastasis. However, the net effect of the peptide on tumor-derived proteolytic activity was dependent on cell density. Stimulation of cell growth and urokinase production by vasopressin was strongly linked with calcium mobilization. These data suggest that vasopressin and its synthetic analog desmopressin may be important modulators of the behavior of metastatic mammary tumor cells.
Bicyclo(3.3.1)nonanes as synthetic intermediates. XVII. A novel interconversion between bicyclo(4.3.1)decane and tricyclo(4.3.1.0)decane systems via the dual mode of aldol cyclization of bicyclo(4.3.1)decane-3,8-dione. (1990)

The characteristics intramolecular aldol cyclization of bicyclo[4.3.1]decanedione to two novel tricyclic systems, protoadamantanone and isotwistanone, is described. Both systems were reconverted to bicyclo[4.3.1]decanones by the Grob fragmentation.
Wake Topology in a Three-Dimensional Supersonic Base Flow (2004)

The near wake of a blunt-base cylinder at 10° angle-of-attack to a Mach 2.46 freestream flow is studied using Mie scattering flow visualization at several locations along the shear layer and trailing wake. Large-scale structures are active in the shear layer emanating from the windward and lateral parts of the separation corner but not from the leeward separation corner. Autocorrelation analysis shows that the average structures grow substantially in side views during recompression. The average structures are elliptical through reattachment, but become deformed in the developing wake. Analysis of the shear layer flapping indicates that the flapping grows monotonically as the shear layer develops. The interface convolution peaks during recompression. The highest convolution before reattachment is found in the windward shear layer. The significant interface convolution of the septum indicates that it has the potential to actively entrain fluid from the recirculation region, which may explain the low base pressure for this three-dimensional flow compared with that for axisymmetric base flow. End-view images show that the overall flapping of the wake centroid is relatively small. The structures in end-view images are largest in the windward shear layer and increase in size as the shear layer develops. The structures are aligned radially in end-view images on the symmetry plane but are inclined in the lateral plane, indicating windward-to-leeward circumferential flow. Global interface convolution analysis shows a peak shape factor after reattachment, at the same location as the peak shape factor in the side-view images of the lateral plane.
Learning dictionaries for matching pursuits based video coders (2002)

We present a learning scheme for designing dictionaries of two-dimensional functions for matching pursuits (MP) based video coding. The motivation is to improve the performance of such codecs by adapting the structure of the dictionary functions to specific bit-rates or types of sequences. The scheme we propose is based on vector quantization (VQ), and uses an inner-product based distortion measure. The different processing steps, consisting of data extraction from the motion compensated error frames, training, pruning, and testing, are presented in detail. We find that for high bit-rate QCIF sequences we can achieve improvements of up to 0.66 dB.
Control of plasmonic nanoantennas by reversible metal-insulator transition (2015)

Nanophotonic (nanoplasmonic) structures confine, guide, and concentrate light on the nanoscale. Advancement of nanophotonics critically depends on active nanoscale control of these phenomena. Localized control of the insulator and metallic phases of vanadium dioxide (VO2) would open up a universe of applications in nanophotonics via modulation of the local dielectric environment of nanophotonic structures allowing them to function as active devices. Here we show dynamic reversible control of VO2 insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) locally on the scale of 15 nm or less and control of nanoantennas, observed in the near-field for the first time. Using polarization-selective near-field imaging techniques, we monitor simultaneously the IMT in VO2 and the change of plasmons on gold infrared nanoantennas. Structured nanodomains of the metallic VO2 locally and reversibly transform infrared plasmonic dipolar antennas to monopole antennas. Fundamentally, the IMT in VO2 can be triggered on femtosecond timescale to allow ultrafast nanoscale control of optical phenomena. These unique capabilities open up exciting novel applications in active nanophotonics.
The Microbiome of the Red Sea Coral Stylophora pistillata Is Dominated by Tissue-Associated Endozoicomonas Bacteria (2013)

Endozoicomonas bacteria were found highly associated with the coral Stylophora pistillata, and these bacteria are also ubiquitously associated with diverse corals worldwide. Novel Endozoicomonas-specific probes revealed that Endozoicomonas bacteria were abundant in the endodermal tissues of S. pistillata and appear to have an intimate relationship with the coral.
Technosexuality (2016)

Technosexuality refers to the overlap between human sexuality and technology. It has two common formulations. The first is based on an expansive cultural notion, in which technology is viewed as a social force that shapes or configures human sexuality. The second is a more narrow notion, referring to a human's sexual attraction to technologies. Research on technosexuality has focused on embodied interactions, online performance of the self, the roles technologies have in constituting sexual experience, sexual simulation (e.g., sex robots and virtual reality), and emergent sexual practices and attitudes that arise from innovations in this domain.
La didactique a-t-elle raison de s'intéresser à l'histoire des sciences? (1987)

Should didactics be interested in the history of sciences ? The relationship between historical and individual construction of knowledge is inevitably a field of investigation for didactics. A particular conception, however, "le récapitulationnisme", born in the 19th century, seems to constitute a screen which prevents heuristic approach to the question. We analyse here the recapitulationist model as a Science historian, pointing out the conditions of its emergence and the modifications of its intension and extension ; we try in this way to overcome this obstacle. While outlining the epistemological history of this concept, we signal the elements which, from Baldwin to Bachelard, including Haeckel, Freud and Piaget, may help to ground didactical investigations.
Die Chromsäure‐Oxydation von Cycloheptatrien (1961)

Abstract Die Oxydation von Cycloheptatrien mit Chromsäure führt zur Bildung von Benzoesäure. Bei Verwendung von 14 C‐markiertem Cycloheptatrien deutet die Verteilung der 14 C‐Aktivitäten zwischen Carboxylgruppe und aromatischem Ring der Benzoesäure auf das Auftreten eines Tropylium‐Kations als Zwischenstufe der Reaktion.
A Viscoelastic Knee Brace for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Patients (1985)

A biomechanical review of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee shows that the unbraced knee undergoes instability once its angular velocity exceeds normal cadence rate. It also shows that various braces that utilize extension limits for purposes of preventing subluxation and tibial rotation introduce abnormal gait and posture responses, which may impose on the patient's activities. A speed-regulated, viscoelastic knee brace has been designed, fabricated, and tested on two patients. The brace allows full range of knee motion and reduces the angular velocity of the tibia from near-full extension to neutral at normal, non-unstabilizing walking speeds. Capability is incorporated for adjusting the terminal angular velocity for each individual patient as well as for the same patient during the recovery period.
Use of an Interactive, Faith-Based Kiosk by Congregants of Four Predominantly, Africanâ€“American Churches in a Metropolitan Area (2014)

Chronic diseases are prevalent in ethnic communities. Churches represent a potent resource for targeted health promotion. A faith-based kiosk was developed as an informational tool and placed in four predominantly (>80%) African-American churches. Congregants were surveyed to describe kiosk-use, kiosk-user characteristics, health status, and self-reported behavior changes attributed to the kiosk. We analyzed 1,573 questionnaires. Mean age of respondents was 46.4 years and >70% were women. "Older" congregations (mean age ≥46.1 years) had more reports of diabetes (p = 0.002) and heart diseases (p = 0.01) than younger churches (mean age ≤44.1), whereas asthma was more prevalent in the latter (p < 0.001). Prevalence of obesity (40%) was similar across churches (p = 0.570). Kiosk-use was reported by 420 (26.7%) respondents. Compared to non-users, kiosk-users were >40 years (p < 0.001), and reported >two health conditions, adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) = 1.43 (1.0-2.0), p = 0.05. Male kiosk-users preferred to select disease-specific content, aOR = 1.87 (1.10-3.17), p = 0.02, while females tended to select information about supportive community resources, aOR = 0.49 (0.23-1.04), p = 0.062. Knowledge of kiosk-user characteristics and the "health status" of a congregation, provide an opportunity for targeted, church-based health promotion.
Steam reforming of ethanol over Co3O4–Fe2O3 mixed oxides (2013)

Co3O4, Fe2O3 and a mixture of the two oxides Co–Fe (molar ratio of Co3O4/Fe2O3 = 0.67 and atomic ratio of Co/Fe = 1) were prepared by the calcination of cobalt oxalate and/or iron oxalate salts at 500 °C for 2 h in static air using water as a solvent/dispersing agent. The catalysts were studied in the steam reforming of ethanol to investigate the effect of the partial substitution of Co3O4 with Fe2O3 on the catalytic behaviour. The reforming activity over Fe2O3, while initially high, underwent fast deactivation. In comparison, over the Co–Fe catalyst both the H2 yield and stability were higher than that found over the pure Co3O4 or Fe2O3 catalysts. DRIFTS-MS studies under the reaction feed highlighted that the Co–Fe catalyst had increased amounts of adsorbed OH/water; similar to Fe2O3. Increasing the amount of reactive species (water/OH species) adsorbed on the Co–Fe catalyst surface is proposed to facilitate the steam reforming reaction rather than decomposition reactions reducing by-product formation and providing a higher H2 yield.
Combined transparency and optical nonlinearity enhancement in flexible covalent multimers by operating through-space interactions between dipolar chromophores (2014)

Subtle manipulation of mutual repulsion and polarisation effects between polar and polarisable chromophores forced in closed proximity allows achieving major (100%) enhancement of the first hyperpolarisability together with increased transparency, breaking the well-known nonlinearity–transparency trade-off paradigm.
Elastic Proteins: Biological Roles and Mechanical Properties (2003)

The objective of this chapter is to present an analysis of structural design in elastic proteins, to elucidate the functional role that these materials play in the lives of real organisms, and to discover whether molecular mechanisms in these materials could be exploited through biotechnology. One striking feature of the elastic proteins we will consider is that they exhibit an exceptionally broad range of material properties and functional roles. As a starting point, therefore, it may prove useful to explore some general features of mechanical design in elastic proteins to set the stage for the detailed analysis of the individual proteins in the chapters that follow.
“GazeToTalk” (2000)

We propose a new human interface (HI) system named “GazeToTalk” that is implemented by vision based gaze detection, acoustic speech recognition (ASR), and animated human-like agent CG with facial expressions and gestures. The “GazeToTalk” system demonstrates that eye-tracking technologies can be utilized to improve HI effectively by working with other non-verbal messages such as facial expressions and gestures.