gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic state space model based analysis of a three-phase induction motor using nonlinear magnetization inductance (2018)

In this paper, the dynamic state space model of a three-phase induction motor with the inclusion of magnetic saturation effect is presented. Mathematical modelling is a very important tool for design and analysis of a system. In case of electrical machines, its importance becomes twofold, because of its involvement in design and control algorithms. Since more and more sophisticated control algorithms are coming forward, the accurate mathematical modelling is becoming essential. Unlike the conventional linear magnetization inductance-based models, in this paper, magnetization inductance as a nonlinear function of flux is used. Park's transformation-based equations are prepared and simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Different motor parameters in transient and steady state intervals are studied both under on and off load conditions.
When things go crunch: Gap length effects on a magnetorheological tunable vibration absorber (2003)

A tunable vibration absorber (TVA), where the tunable element is a magneto-rheological (MR) elastomer spring, has demonstrated up to a 460% change on tuning frequency. A frequency increase is associated with a significant decrease in the springs static equilibrium length, referred hereto as a crunch. The crunch is caused by magnetic attractive forces across the spring. The spring, an iron-doped silicone gel, is placed between two halves of a low-carbon steel loop. One loop half behaves as an absorber mass, and has approximately 200 turns of magnet wire around it. Driving current through this wire generates a magnetic flux around the steel path and through the MR spring. Beyond a threshold, the magnetic field induces a large frequency shift in the absorber, with a crunch observed across the elastomer. The crunch can occur when the static equilibrium length is unconstrained by geometry, thus a magnetic attractive force shortens the spring length. The relationship between the magnitude of the crunch and the frequency shift will be presented. Additionally, the impact of different initial MR spring lengths on the frequency behavior will be considered. Finally, the frequency variability achievable by MR-spring-based TVAs with and without the crunch will be assessed.
Acyl‐Chain Elongation Drives Ketosynthase Substrate Selectivity in <i>trans</i>‐Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases (2014)

Type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are responsible for the biosynthesis of many biologically active agents, possess a ketosynthase (KS) domain within each module to catalyze chain elongation. Acylation of the KS active site Cys residue is followed by transfer to malonyl-ACP to yield an extended β-ketoacyl chain (ACP = acyl carrier protein). To date, the precise contribution of KS selectivity in controlling product fidelity has been unclear. Six KS domains from trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) PKSs were subjected to a mass spectrometry based elongation assay, and higher substrate selectivity was identified for the elongating step than in preceding acylation. A close correspondence between the observed KS selectivity and that predicted by phylogenetic analysis was seen. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of KS selectivity in this important group of PKSs, can serve as guidance for engineering, and show that targeted mutagenesis can be used to expand the repertoire of acceptable substrates.
A Method for Finding Pairs of Anti-Parallel Linear Features (1980)

Abstract : A method for finding anti-parallel straight edges is presented and discussed. This method is based on information about the object sides of edges, the similarity and homogeneity of gray level between the edges, the angle difference, the amount of overlap, and also information about the estimated object gray level. Two figures of merit are defined to calculate the mutual support of two antiparallel linear features. Examples are shown of applying the method to high resolution aerial photographs. Results indicate that cultural features such as roads and buildings can be extracted and that a significant reduction in the complexity of the image description can be obtained. This algorithm should be especially useful in a relaxation type scheme for classifying linear feature segments when the degree of anti-parallelism of the segments is needed.
Electron channelling contrast as a supplementary method for microstructural investigations in deformed metals (1992)

Abstract Electron channelling contrast is obtained in the scanning electron microscope by detecting back-scattered electrons created by a parallel incident electron beam. The intensity of the back-scattered electrons depends on the orientation of the incident beam with respect to the crystal lattice. In this report, several examples for the application of channelling contrast as a means for investigating the microstructure of metals after deformation are given. First, the change in dislocation glide mechanism during fatigue of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L as a function of deformation temperature is demonstrated by means of a comparative study by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) channelling contrast. The efficiency of channelling contrast in imaging dislocation arrangements is shown. In the next example, referring also to AISI 304L, it is shown that electron channelling contrast can also be applied advantageously to the study of subgrain structures in the direct vicinity of cavities and wedge cracks in the interior of the material. In another example, the technique is shown to be suitable for the identification of intercrystalline cracks along twins on the surface of a fatigued copper specimen. Such cracks are difficult to identify otherwise. The final examples illustrate for fatigued b.c.c. α-iron polycrystals that widely different dislocation arrangements which are formed, depending on the carbon content, can be distinguished and that surface cracks with adjacent dislocation cell structures can be studied easily by the SEM channelling technique.
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR CONTROLLING THE DIRECTION OF ELIMINATION REACTIONS (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW TECHNIQUE FOR CONTROLLING THE DIRECTION OF ELIMINATION REACTIONSHerbert C. Brown and Ichiro MoritaniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 16, 4112–4113Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01112a537https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01112a537research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Second Generation Analogues of the Cancer Drug Clinical Candidate Tipifarnib for Anti-Chagas Disease Drug Discovery (2010)

We previously reported that the cancer drug clinical candidate tipifarnib kills the causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, by blocking ergosterol biosynthesis at the level of inhibition of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase. Tipifarnib is an inhibitor of human protein farnesyltransferase. We synthesized tipifarnib analogues that no longer bind to protein farnesyltransferase and display increased potency for killing parasites. This was achieved in a structure-guided fashion by changing the substituents attached to the phenyl group at the 4-position of the quinoline ring of tipifarnib and by replacing the amino group by OMe. Several compounds that kill Trypanosoma cruzi at subnanomolar concentrations and are devoid of protein farnesyltransferase inhibition were discovered. The compounds are shown to be advantageous over other lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitors in that they show only modest potency for inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (3A4). Since tipifarnib displays high oral bioavailability and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties, the newly discovered tipifarnib analogues are ideal leads for the development of drugs to treat Chagas disease.
Carbon nanotubes based photonics: Towards the laser (2011)

Semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have generated a growing interest for several years due to their extraordinary optical properties. A strong enhancement of the photoluminescence properties has been obtained thanks to the extraction of s-SWNTs. These advances led to the first demonstration of optical gain in carbon nanotubes and are a precursor to obtain nanotube-based laser. Finally, we will present the integration of s-SWNT in silicon photonic structures, and experimentally demonstrate light emission in silicon waveguides. These results constitute a significant milestone towards the development of carbon nanotube based laser sources in silicon.
Effects of antiplatelet drug dilazep dihydrochloride on anionic sites and extracellular matrix (ecm) components in glomerular basement membrane of stz‐induced diabetic rats (1995)

A study of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with or without treatment by an antiplatelet drug, dilazep dihydrochloride, is described. Expression of glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) components was examined by immunofluorescence. Renal specimens were immersed in polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a cationic probe and then examined by electron microscopy. Renal specimens were also incubated with rabbit antirat type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin antisera and then stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled goat antirabbit IgG antiserum. Mean values of proteinuria in the dilazep-treated diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared with those in nontreated diabetic rats. There was no significant correlation between the levels of proteinuria and those of creatinine clearance (CCr). Number of anionic sites on the GBM in the dilazep-treated diabetic rats were greater than those in diabetic rats. There was no significant difference in the staining of such ECM components between both rat groups. The authors concluded that the dilazep dihydrochloride might prevent anionic charges on the GBM and decrease the urinary excretion of proteins in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Evaluation of a ferroelectric tunnel junction by ultraviolet–visible absorption using a removable liquid electrode (2016)

Ferroelectric memristors offer a significant alternative to their redox-based analogs in resistive random access memory because a ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) exhibits a memristive effect that induces resistive switching (RS) regardless of the operating current level. This RS results from a change in the ferroelectric polarization direction, allowing the FTJ to overcome the restriction encountered in redox-based memristors. Herein, the memristive effect of an FTJ was investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy using a removable mercury (Hg) top electrode (TE), BaTiO3 (BTO) ferroelectric tunnel layer, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) semiconductor bottom electrode, and wide-bandgap quartz (100) single-crystal substrate to determine the low-resistance state (LRS) and high-resistance state (HRS) of the FTJ. A BTO (110)/LSMO (110) polycrystal memristor involving a Hg TE showed a small memristive effect (switching ratio). This effect decreased with increasing read voltage because of a small potential barrier height. The LRS and HRS of the FTJ showed quasi-similar UV-Vis absorption spectra, consistent with the small energy difference between the valence-band maximum of BTO and Fermi level of LSMO near the interface between the LRS and HRS. This energy difference stemmed from the ferroelectric polarization and charge-screening effect of LSMO based on an electrostatic model of the FTJ.
Beneficial Effect of Oral Lithium Carbonate in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cholera Syndrome (1980)

PANCREATIC cholera syndrome is characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea and hypokalemia associated with a non-beta islet-cell neoplasm of the pancreas.1 About half the patients with the syndrome have metastases at diagnosis2; chemotherapy with streptozocin can produce remissions.1 In patients without metastases, the disease may be cured by resection of the tumor.2 Agents such as prednisone3 and indomethacin4 may reduce or abolish the diarrhea.We demonstrate that oral lithium therapy can substantially reduce diarrhea in a patient with pancreatic cholera.Case ReportA 60-year-old woman had had diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cholera syndrome caused by a metastatic non-beta islet-cell carcinoma. . . .
Video quality monitoring based on precomputed frame distortions (2013)

Abstract—In the past decade, video streaming has taken over a large part of the current Internet traffic and more and more TV broadcasters and network providers extend their portfolio of video streaming services. With the growing expectations of video consumers with respect to the service quality, monitoring is an important aspect for network providers to detect possible performance problems or high network load. In parallel, emerg-ing technologies like software defined networking or network virtualization introduce support for specialized networks which allow enhanced functionality in the network. This development enables more sophisticated monitoring techniques in the special-ized networks which use knowledge about the video content to better predict the service quality at consumers. In this work, we present a SSIM-based monitoring technique and compare it with the current state-of-the-art which infers the service quality from the monitored packet loss. We further show how network conditions like packet loss or bursts influence the two different monitoring techniques. I.
A bandstop microwave photonic delay-line filter with both tunable stop-band rejection ratio and tunable frequency (2015)

A two-tap bandstop microwave photonic delay-line filter with both tunable stop-band rejection ratio and tunable frequency is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The stop-band rejection ratio is continuously tuned by adjusting the coefficients of the two taps via the tuning of a polarization controller and the center frequency of the stop band is continuously tuned by changing the optical wavelength to change the time delay difference between the two taps. The proposed rejection-tunable bandstop filter is experimentally demonstrated. A stop-band rejection ratio tunable from 0 to 37 dB and a tunable center frequency from 2.5 to 13 GHz is achieved.
“Designer” Nucleating Agents for Polypropylene (2005)

We report the discovery of a family of organic compounds, substituted 1,3,5-benzenetrisamides, thatdepending on subtle details of their chemical structureare capable of selectively and extremely efficiently nucleating the growth of the common α-crystal modification of the major industrial polymer isotactic polypropylene (i-PP), rendering this normally turbid material highly transparent (“clarified”) at exceedingly low concentrations (as low as a weight fraction of 0.0002), inducing the mechanically distinct, tough i-PP β-polymorph, or promoting growth of hybrids of both crystallographic modifications with heretofore unknown combinations of the above desirable optical-mechanical properties. In addition, these trisamide-based compounds exhibit excellent thermal stability and do not feature absorption of visible light, adding to a most favorable set of characteristics that provides marked benefits over the presently employed nucleating/clarifying agents.
161 Low Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Activates Endogenous Progenitor/Stem Cells as Indicated by Histone 3 Phosphorylation (2018)

Low Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (Li-ESWT) has been employed for many years to treat ED yet its mechanism of action remains poorly defined. We have previously demonstrated that the therapeutic effects from Li-ESWT may be partially related to the activation of endogenous progenitor/stem cells and we are endeavoring to further describe these pathways. To determine the mechanism by which Li-ESWT activates endogenous stem cells by interrogating histone 3 phosphorylation, which occurs only during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) pulse followed by Li-ESWT, and cohort analysis was performed. Additionally, rat adipose derived stem cells (RADSCs) and rat penile cavernous smooth muscle cells (RCSMCs) were also treated with Li-ESWT. Fifty male SD rats at 12 weeks old were grouped into three cohorts: 1). Sham; 2). Sub-acute: the animals underwent bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) then were separated into control and Li-ESWT groups. One week after BCNI, the Li-ESWT group were injected with EdU (50mg/kg, i.p) 30 minutes before Li-ESWT (0.02mJ/mm2, 3 Hz, 300 pulses). One week later, ICP/MAP were measured. 3). Chronic: the animals underwent BCNI then grouped into control and Li-ESWT groups. One week after BCNI, the animals were treated with Li-ESWT (0.02mJ/mm2, 3 Hz, 300 pulses) twice a week for 4 weeks. EdU was injected 30 min before the first and last Li-ESWT. One week after the last Li-ESWT, ICP/MAP were measured. The penile erectile tissues and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) were harvested for histological study to assess smooth muscle/collagen content and endothelium content in the corpora cavernosa. EdU as marker of cell activation and phosphorylated histone 3 (H3P) as marker of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle were also assessed. To confirm the effect of Li-ESWT on the phosphorylation of H3 in vitro, RADSCs and RCSMCs were treated with Li-ESWT (0.02mJ/mm2, 3 Hz, 100 pulses), and EdU incorporation rate and the expression of H3P was assessed.
Localized surface plasmon and molecular resonance: fundamental study and application (2006)

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is one of the signature optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles. Since the LSPR wavelength λ<sub>max</sub> is extremely sensitive to the local environment, it allows us to develop nanoparticle-based LSPR chemical and biological sensors. In this work, we tuned the LSPR peaks of Ag nanotriangles and explored the wavelength-dependent LSPR shift upon the adsorption of some resonant molecules. The induced LSPR peak shifts (Δλ<sub>max</sub>) vary with wavelength and the line shape of the LSPR shift is closely related to the absorption features of the resonant molecules. When the LSPR of the nanoparticles directly overlaps with the molecular resonance, a very small LSPR shift was observed. An amplified LSPR shift is found when LSPR of the nanoparticles is at a slightly longer wavelength than the molecular resonance of the adsorbates. Furthermore, we apply the "amplified" LSPR shift to detect the substrate binding of camphor to the heme-containing cytochrome P450cam protiens (CYP101). CYP101 absorb light in the visible region. When a small substrate molecule binds to CYP101, the spin state of the molecule is converted to its low spin state. By fabricating nanoparticles with the LSPR close to the molecular resonance of CYP101 proteins, the LSPR response as large as ~60 nm caused by the binding of small substrate has been demonstrated.
Comparative efficacy of fingolimod vs natalizumab (2016)

This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with RRMS, natalizumab decreases the proportion of patients with at least one relapse within the first year of treatment compared to fingolimod.
SQUID measurements for thermal aging of stator windings (2001)

Conventional non-destructive diagnostic tests for aging of dielectric insulation on high voltage cables and stator windings are limited to measurements of lumped electrical parameters. Commonly used step voltage tests may lead to breakdown of the insulation and damage to the system. A map of spatial distribution of the electrical properties of the cable may provide the information about the age-related failure. Our approach uses a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer to map the magnetic field due to charging current through the cable. We have performed a series of experiments which demonstrate that we can image magnetically the distribution of charging currents and the perturbations in this distribution that result from localized changes in dielectric constant, and we can discriminate thermally aged stator windings from new ones.
Relativistic configuration interaction plus linearized-coupled-cluster calculations of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>energies,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:math>factors, transition rates, and lifetimes (2015)

Excitation energies, term designations, $g$ factors, transition rates, and lifetimes of ${\mathrm{U}}^{2+}$ are determined using a relativistic configuration interaction (CI) + linearized-coupled-cluster (LCC) approach. The CI-LCC energies are compared with CI + many-body-perturbation-theory (MBPT) and available experimental energies. Close agreement has been found with experiment, within hundreds of ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. In addition, lifetimes of higher levels have been calculated for comparison with three experimentally measured lifetimes, and close agreement has been found within the experimental error. CI-LCC calculations constitute a benchmark test of the CI + all-order method in complex relativistic systems such as actinides and their ions with many valence electrons. The theory yields many energy levels, $g$ factors, transition rates, and lifetimes of ${\mathrm{U}}^{2+}$ that are not available from experiment. The theory can be applied to other multivalence atoms and ions, which would be of interest to many applications.
Modelling trust and risk for cloud services (2018)

A joint trust and risk model is introduced for federated cloud services. The model is based on cloud service providers’ performance history. It addresses provider and consumer concerns by relying on trusted third parties to collect soft and hard trust data elements, allowing for continuous risk monitoring in the cloud. The negative and positive tendencies in performance are differentiated and the freshness of the historic data is considered in the model. It addresses aleatory uncertainty through probability distributions and static stochastic simulation. An analytical insight into the model is also provided through the numerical analysis by Monte-Carlo simulation.