gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
고등학생들의 요통에 따른 척추 및 골반의 구조적 변형과 장애지수에 대한 분석 (2014)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate of low back pain (LBP) in the high school students and to analyze the differences and correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index with LBP. The subjects are 499 high school students (236 males, 263 females: mean age, 16.38 years). They were assessed for LBP with the numerical rating scale (NRS) and for disability with the Korean version Oswestry disability index (KODI). All subjects were to take the plain radiographic examination for spinal-pelvic structural variations including thoracic, lumbar, thoracolumbar Cobb`s angle, lumbar lordotic curve, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. All subjects were divided into two groups by NRS scores (0, 1=no/minimum pain group [NMP group], 2-10=low back pain group [LBP group]). The prevalence rate of LBP of all subjects was 56.7% (n=283). NRS and total KODI scores were higher in the LBP group (3.38 cm/11.83%) than NMP group (0.07 cm/2.74%) (p＜0.001). In the spinal-pelvic structural variations analysis, the thoracic Cobb`s angle was significantly high in LBP group (p ＜0.05), but others were shown no differences between the both groups (p＞0.05). NRS had significantly positive correlation with KODI (p＜0.001). NRS and KODI did not demonstrate any correlations with spinal-pelvic structural variations (p＞0.05). In conclusion, this study showed high prevalence rate of LBP in the high school students, but did not show significant correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index.
A Panoramic Model for Remote Robot Environment Mapping and Predictive Display (2005)

Robot tele-operation is significantly degraded by delays in the operator visual feedback. We present a cylindrical image-depth model that can be automatically acquired at the remote work site and then used to support both robot localization and predictive display. We present an implementation for a mobile robotics system where synthesized immediate visual feedback replaces the delayed real images. Experimentally we found that a predicted view could be rendered with an geometric viewpoint error of no more than 2.4cm/1.2 degrees in a 100m 2 work scene.
Oxidative stress, DNA repair, and cancer susceptibility. (1990)

For several years, our laboratory has been interested in evaluating if DNA repair capacity in peripheral human mononuclear leukocytes (HML) might be utilized as a marker of susceptibility to cancer. We have tested our hypothesis by using two different estimates of DNA repair, namely, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and ADP-ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) activity. Both UDS and ADPRT are sensitive to regulation by oxidative stress, and these parameters are suppressed in patients with cancer of the breast, colon, or lung, or with the genetic predisposition to develop it. Here we have considered interindividual variation in prooxidant-induced DNA repair in HML by analyzing ADPRT responses in regard to (1) constitutive ADPRT levels, (2) the levels of DNA damage induced by different prooxidant generating systems, (3) the type of oxygen radical generated, and (4) the role of antioxidant defenses. Only the constitutive level of ADPRT responses could explain the variation observed on 50 subjects. These data support a regulatory role for endogenous host factor variation in ADPRT and the likelihood of involvement of genetic factors.
On the dynamics modeling of free-floating-base articulated mechanisms and applications to humanoid whole-body dynamics and control (2012)

We propose in this paper a general analytic scheme based on Gauss principle of least constraint for the derivation of the Lagrangian dynamics equation of motion of arbitrarily parameterized free-floating-base articulated mechanisms. The free-floating base of the mechanism is a non-actuated rigid object evolving in the 6D Lie group SE(3), the SO(3) component of which can be parameterized using arbitrary coordinate charts with equality constraints, for instance unit quaternions (also known as Euler parameters). This class of systems includes humanoid robots, and the presented formalism is particularly suitable for the whole-body dynamics modeling and control problem of such humanoid systems. Example motions of humanoid in arbitrary contact states with the environment demonstrate the originality of the approach.
Sea Ice Monitoring by Remote Sensing (2000)

Abstract Sea ice is defined as ice which is formed as a result of freezing of seawater. Sea ice occurs at the surface of the ocean in areas where the surface temperature is cooled to the freezing point, which is about −1.8°C for sea water with a salinity of about 35 parts per thousand. Ice formed in lakes and rivers and icebergs coming from glaciers and ice sheets are not defined as sea ice. Monitoring by remote sensing is defined as any measurement technique which can be used to observe sea ice repeatedly by instruments on board earth observation satellites. Monitoring also includes the process of making observational data available for users a short time after the observations have been obtained (i.e. a few hours). Remote sensing of ice can also be done with aircraft, submarines and other vehicles, but these techniques are not discussed in this article.
Increasing atmospheric poleward energy transport with global warming (2010)

Most state‐of‐the‐art global climate models (GCMs) project an increase in atmospheric poleward energy transport with global warming; however, the amount of increase varies significantly from model to model. Using an energy balance model that diffuses moist static energy, it is shown that: (1) the increase in atmospheric moisture content causes most of the increase in transport, and (2) changes in the radiation budget due to clouds explain most of the spread among GCMs. This work also shows that biases in clouds, surface albedo, ocean heat uptake, and aerosols will not only affect climate locally but will also influence other latitudes through energy transport.
Serial Changes in Static and Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation after Acute Ischaemic Stroke (2003)

Dynamic, but not static, CA is impaired after acute ischaemic stroke and remains abnormal for at least 1-2 weeks post ictus. These changes are present in both the affected and non-affected hemispheres and are unrelated to previous antihypertensive treatment, baseline BP levels or BP changes after stroke, age or stroke type.
The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of diagnostic information: a guide for clinicians. (1991)

Nurse practitioners and other clinicians use laboratory studies and ancillary tests to confirm or rule out suspected conditions. Deciding which tests to use and interpreting results are essential to the practice of high-quality, cost-effective primary care. A working knowledge of test characteristics and performance facilitates these decisions. This article illustrates how a conceptual understanding of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value applies to daily practice. In addition, the article explains how to evaluate the quality and relevance of literature that reports test performance. While discussion focuses on laboratory tests, the same principles may be applied to the history and physical examination, and to other types of diagnostic data.
[Bioethics of research on humans and animals in aviation, space and marine medicine]. (2001)

The article includes excerpts from The Bioethic Rules of Research With Humans and Animals that have established on analysis of national and international bioethic guidelines for biomedical research with the use of humans and animals and are a part of the ISS human use guidelines.
Antibacterial efficacy of colloidal silver alone and in combination with other antibiotics on isolates from wound Infections (2007)

A total of ten clinical bacterial isolates comprising five isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from surgical wound patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Abakaliki and five isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus isolated from the wound sites of burnt patients at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu were evaluated for their susceptibility to colloidal silver at 5 and 20 ppm using agar dilution method and the killing rate technique. Also, interaction studies between colloidal silver and some conventional antibiotics were carried out against the clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and S. aureus using disc diffusion technique. The result of the study shows that the test organisms were sensitive to the colloidal silver at both concentrations and also to some of the antibiotics in the paper disc. The killing rate studies revealed that the colloidal silver is highly bactericidal against the test isolates at both concentrations. The drug interaction study showed no antagonism, indicating that concomitant use of colloidal silver with these antibiotics may not affect the therapeutic efficacy of either of these agents.

	 

	Key words: Antibacterial, colloidal silver, clinical bacteria isolates, antibiotic discs, killing rate, wound infections.
Dictionary of personal computing and the Internet (1998)

From the Publisher:
This dictionary covers all aspects of personal computing and the internet. In includes full coverage of the features of Microsoft Windows 95 and the different parts of the internet, including clear explanations of the terms used in electronic mail, newsgroups, web page design, internet technology, PC hardware and software. It includes an appendix with complete HTML web page codes.
NON‐FUNCTIONING PITUITARY ADENOMAS DO NOT REGRESS DURING BROMOCRIPTINE THERAPY BUT POSSESS MEMBRANE‐BOUND DOPAMINE RECEPTORS WHICH BIND BROMOCRIPTINE (1986)

Dopaminergic binding to membranes from 20 well-characterized non-functioning pituitary tumours was investigated using the radioligand [3H]spiperone; nine had failed to regress during pre-operative bromocriptine therapy. Five macroprolactinomas and six normal pituitaries were similarly investigated. High affinity dopaminergic binding sites were defined in all tissues studied. Mean dissociation constants were similar for the three groups (0.92, 0.55 and 0.51 nmol/l, respectively) but mean site numbers were greater in the prolactinomas (698) than in non-functioning tumours (131) or normal pituitaries (136 fmol/mg protein). In a pool of non-functioning tumour membranes ligand competition experiments confirmed that binding was dopaminergic. Stereospecificity was demonstrated using the (+) and (-)isomers of butaclamol. Bromocriptine was present in three non-functioning tumours that had been exposed to the drug within 24 h of surgery and it largely prevented [3H]spiperone binding; membrane washing restored [3H]spiperone binding to control values. We conclude that non-functioning tumours possess high affinity membrane-bound dopaminergic binding sites similar to those in normal pituitary and macroprolactinomas, but apparently fewer in number than in the latter. Though bromocriptine binds to dopamine receptors on non-functioning tumours in vivo, this does not result in tumour regression.
Numerical Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem for Symmetric Rationally Generated Toeplitz matrices (1988)

A numerical method is proposed for finding all eigenvalues of symmetric Toeplitz matrices $T_n = ( t_{j - i} )_{ij = 1}^n $, where the $\{ t_j \}$ are the coefficients in a Laurent expansion of a rational function. Matrices of this kind occur, for example, as covariance matrices of ARMA processes. The technique rests on a representation of the characteristic polynomial as $\det ( \lambda I_n - T_n ) = W_n G_{0n} G_{1n} $ in which $G_{0n} ( \lambda ) = 0$ for the eigenvalues of $T_n $ associated with symmetric eigenvectors, $G_{1n} ( \lambda ) = 0$ for those associated with skew-symmetric eigenvectors, both functions are free of extreme variations, and both can be computed with cost independent of n. It is proposed that root finding techniques be used to compute the zeros of $G_{0n} $ and $G_{1n} $. Numerical experiments indicate that the method may be useful.
AUTOMATED MODELING OF 3D BUILDING ROOFS USING IMAGE AND LIDAR DATA (2012)

Abstract. In this work, an automated approach for 3D building roof modelling is presented. The method consists of two main parts, namely roof detection and 3D geometric modelling. For the detection, a combined approach of four methods achieved the best results, using slope-based DSM filtering as well as classification of multispectral images, elevation data and vertical LiDAR point density. In the evaluation, the combination of the four methods yields 94% correct detection at an omission error of 12%. Roof modelling is done by plane detection with RANSAC, followed by geometric refinement and merging of neighbouring segments to clean up oversegmentation. Walls are then detected and excluded, and the roof shapes are vectorised with the alpha-shape method. The resulting polygons are refined using 3D straight edges reconstructed by automatic straight edge extraction and matching, as well as 3D corner points constructed by intersection of the 3D edges. The results are quantitatively assessed by comparing to ground truth manually extracted from high-quality images, using several metrics for both the correctness and completeness of the roof polygons and for their geometric accuracy. The median value of correctness of the roof polygons is calculated as 96%, while the median value of completeness is 88%.
A general method for designing low-temperature drift, high-bandwidth, variable-reluctance position sensors (1986)

A method was developed to design high-bandwidth single-ended variable-reluctance position sensors with high accuracy and extremely low temperature drift for use in magnetic bearing control systems. The method was used to design a hermetic radial position sensor with a position sensitivity ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">{1/L_{0}}{dL/dx}</tex> ) of 1 percent/µm over the range of 0-50 µm and a temperature drift ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">{1/L_{0}}{dL/dT}</tex> ) of less than 0.02 percent/°C over the range of 0-100°C, i.e., less than a 2-µm position error for a temperature variation of 100°C.
Microbial oxidation and reduction of manganese: Consequences in groundwater and applications (1994)

In the natural environment, manganese is found as reduced soluble or adsorbed Mn(II) and insoluble Mn(III) and Mn(IV) oxides. Mn oxidation has been reported in various microorganisms. Several possible pathways, indirect or direct, have been proposed. A wider variety of Mn-reducing microorganisms, from highly aerobic to strictly anaerobic, has been described. The mechanisms of Mn reduction can be either an indirect process resulting from interactions with organic or inorganic compounds, or a direct enzymatic (electron-transfer) reaction. The role of microorganisms in Mn cycle is now well demonstrated by various methods in superficial natural environments, and research has been initiated on subsurface sediments. Observations in vivo (Rhône valley) and under in vitro suggested that bacterial activities are the main processes that promote manganese evolution and migration in shallow aquifers. After the building of hydroelectric dams, the stream of the Rhône was modified, giving rise to mud deposition on the bank. In the mud, bacteria are stimulated by the high organic content and consume oxygen. The redox potential drops. The manganese oxides previously formed under aerobic conditions are reduced and soluble manganese (Mn(II)) migrates into the aquifer. If the subsurface sediments are coarse-grained, the aquifer is well aerated, allowing the re-oxidation of Mn(II) by the oligotrophic attached bacteria in aquifer sediments. If the aquifer is confined, aeration is not sufficient for Mn-reoxidation. Mn(II) remains in a reduced state and migrates to the wells. Furthermore, the presence of organic matter in subsurface sediments results in the reduction of previously formed Mn oxides. Pseudo-amorphous manganese oxides, which were probably recently formed by bacteria, are more readily reduced than old crystalline manganese oxides. Although the concentrations of soluble manganese found in groundwaters are not toxic, it still is a problem since its oxidation results in darkening of water and plugging of pipes in drinking or industrial water systems. Soluble manganese can be removed from water by biological processes involving manganese-oxidizing bacteria, either in situ, or in sand filters after pumping. Various procedures are mentioned.
Mood stabilizer lithium inhibits amphetamine-increased 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts in rat frontal cortex (2011)

Recent studies indicate that bipolar disorder is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the mood stabilizer lithium inhibits oxidative stress. The α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a major product of lipid peroxidation, is able to exert cytotoxicity and disturb cellular function by forming protein adducts. The purpose of this study is to determine whether chronic lithium treatment prevents 4-HNE-protein adduction in an amphetamine-induced hyperactive mania-like model. We found that repeated amphetamine stimulation significantly induced hyperactive behaviour, decreased activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III, and increased 4-HNE-protein adducts in rat frontal cortex, and that chronic lithium treatment inhibited both amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and 4-HNE-protein adduction. Monoamine neurotransmitters are involved in the aetiology and pathology of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric diseases, and also contribute significantly to amphetamine-induced behavioural effects. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is critical in packaging monoamine neurotransmitters. We found that 4-HNE can form protein adducts with VMAT2. Repeated amphetamine stimulation significantly increased 4-HNE-VMAT2 adducts, while chronic lithium treatment reduced amphetamine-increased 4-HNE-VMAT2 adducts in rat frontal cortex. Our findings suggest that chronic lithium treatment may inhibit amphetamine-induced hyperactive mania-like behaviour by preventing 4-HNE-VMAT2 adduction. This finding also indicates that prevention of 4-HNE-VMAT2 adduction may contribute in part to the pharmacological action of lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
The Only True Multi-Medium Is the Human Being (1972)

I would like to react to the present mood of our culture by paraphrasing a statement from Lewis Mumford's great book, The Myth of the Machine. "What is needed in education today is a multi-medium for teaching so varied, so many sided, so flexible, so responsive to human need, that it can serve every human purpose .... " And then he says, "The only true multi-medium remains the human organism itself."
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based DNA Tetrahedron Nanotweezer for Highly Reliable Detection of Tumor-Related mRNA in Living Cells (2017)

Accurate detection and imaging of tumor-related mRNA in living cells hold great promise for early cancer detection. However, currently, most probes designed to image intracellular mRNA confront intrinsic interferences arising from complex biological matrices and resulting in inevitable false-positive signals. To circumvent this problem, an intracellular DNA nanoprobe, termed DNA tetrahedron nanotweezer (DTNT), was developed to reliably image tumor-related mRNA in living cells based on the FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) "off" to "on" signal readout mode. DTNT was self-assembled from four single-stranded DNAs. In the absence of target mRNA, the respectively labeled donor and acceptor fluorophores are separated, thus inducing low FRET efficiency. However, in the presence of target mRNA, DTNT alters its structure from the open to closed state, thus bringing the dual fluorophores into close proximity for high FRET efficiency. The DTNT exhibited high cellular permeability, fast response and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, intracellular imaging experiments showed that DTNT could effectively distinguish cancer cells from normal cells and, moreover, distinguish among changes of mRNA expression levels in living cells. The DTNT nanoprobe also exhibits minimal effect of probe concentration, distribution and laser power as other ratiometric probe. More importantly, as a result of the FRET "off" to "on" signal readout mode, the DTNT nanoprobe almost entirely avoids false-positive signals due to intrinsic interferences, such as nuclease digestion, protein binding and thermodynamic fluctuations in complex biological matrices. This design blueprint can be applied to the development of powerful DNA nanomachines for biomedical research and clinical early diagnosis.
Activity identification and primary location modelling based on smart card payment data for public transport (2012)

The introduction of electronic payment systems for public transport in many cities all over the world enabled collection of detailed and comprehensive data records of public transport journeys.Processing and mining of these data opens new opportunities in transport modelling and travel behaviour research.In particular its potential for identification and analysis of activities, which cause regular travels, represents a highly interesting research question.In this paper, opportunities for detection of primary activities, as home and work activities, and their locations based on records of smart card fare payment system for public transport are investigated.Thereby the city-state of Singapore is used as a case-study.In order to gain information about country specific activity characteristics and allow accurate model calibration, data from household travel survey is used.In particular, two major activity detection models are considered: a simple rule-based model using only activity duration for detection of work activities and more involved discrete choice modelling approach using additional variables as activity start-time and land-use information, and distinguishing between home, work and other activities.In particular, the benefit resulting from including land-use information into the discrete choice model is evaluated and models with and without it are compared.The developed models are applied to the full record of public transport journeys in Singapore and outcomes are compared against each other.In conclusion, challenges associated with analysis of longer time periods consisting out of journey data for several days are discussed.
Elevated levels of platelet derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with scleroderma. (1995)

Our studies support a role for PDGF and TGF-beta 1 in the pathogenesis of SSc lung disease.
Priority-Oriented Adaptive Control With QoS Guarantee for Wireless LANs (2007)

In today's wireless networks, there is a great need for quality of service (QoS), because of the time-bounded voice, audio, and video traffic. A new QoS enhanced standard is being standardized by the IEEE 802.11e workgroup. It uses a contention free access mechanism called hybrid control channel access (HCCA) to guarantee QoS. However, HCCA is not efficient for all types of time-bounded traffic. This paper proposes an alternative protocol which could be adapted in hybrid coordination function (HCF). The priority-oriented adaptive control with QoS guarantee (POAC-QG) is a complete centralized channel access mechanism, it is able to guarantee QoS for all types of multimedia network applications, it enhances the parameterized traffic with priorities, and it supports time division access using slots. Furthermore, it instantly negotiates the quality levels of the traffic streams (TSs) according to their priorities, supporting multiple streams to the best quality it can achieve. POAC-QG, compared to HCCA, provides higher channel utilization, adapts better to the characteristics of the different traffic types, differentiates the TSs more efficiently using priorities, and, generally, exhibits superior performance.