gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Synthesis of Some 5-Substituted Indolizines Using Regiospecific Lithiation (2005)

Various 2-substituted indolizines can be directly and selectively lithiated in the 5 position and subsequent reactions with different electrophiles lead to some novel classes of indolizines. In particular, previously unknown 5-formyl- and 5-iodoindolizine have been prepared by this way and the molecular structure of 5-formyl-2- phenylindolizine was confirmed by X-Ray analysis. The reactivity of the 5-CHO- and 5- COPh groups toward some nucleophiles has been examined, and some additional classes of derivatives (oximes and alcohols) have been obtained. The possibility of Suzuki cross- coupling of 5-iodoindolizines and boronic acids was proven.
Ca2+-dependent recycling of synaptic vesicles at the frog neuromuscular junction. (1980)

Frog cutaneous pectoris muscles were treated with low doses of crude black widow spider venom (BWSV) or purified alpha-latrotoxin, and neuromuscular transmission, quantal secretion, changes in ultrastructure and uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were studied. When these agents were applied to muscles bathed in a Ca2+-free solution with 1 mM EGTA and 4 mM Mg2+, the rate of quantal secretion rose to high levels but quickly subsided; neuromuscular transmission was totally and irreversibly blocked within 1 h. The terminals became swollen and were depleted of vesicles; HRP was not taken up. When BWSV was applied to other muscles bathed in a solution with 1.8 mM Ca2+ and 4 mM Mg2+, the rate of secretion rose to high levels and then declined to intermediate levels that were sustained throughot the hour of exposure. Neuromuscular transmission was blocked in fewer than 50% of these fibers. The ultrastructure of these terminals was normal and they contained large numbers of synaptic vesicles. If HRP had been present, most of the synaptic vesicles were labeled with reaction product. These observations suggest that Ca2+ plays an important role in endocytosis at the frog neuromuscular junction.
Specification and validation of a distributed transaction processing facility for the MMS applications (2002)

We introduce a specification of a distributed transaction processing facility for the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) which is an application service element of the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) standardized by the International Standard Organization (ISO) to support messaging communication to and from programmable devices in a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. The proposed facility permits the organization of a distributed transaction in terms of a set of MMS services encapsulated together to perform the manufacturing or the production tasks. The services provided by the transaction processing (TP) standard, presented by the ISO, are used as well as new services are defined to guarantee the coherent behavior of the MMS distributed transactions. This guarantee is based on the satisfaction of the Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID) properties defined by the ISO. The distributed transaction processing facility is specified as finite state automata represented by Nutt evaluation networks notations. A validation technique based on the Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) introduced by Milner is used to prove the coherent behavior of the transactions.
Some Aspects of Feeding High Producing Dairy Cows (1980)

The most critical period in the life of the dairy cow is from the time of calving until peak milk production. The cow must be fed a balanced ration and peak at a high level of milk production if milk yield in the lactation is to be maximum. Energy and protein are the two nt:~-ritional factors most likely to limit milk production. The type of carbohydrate and ni:-ogen included in the ration as well as the ratio of nitrogen to energy will influence the amount of milk produced and the efficiency of feed utilization by the high producing cow. High producing dairy cows should not be fed nonprotein nitrogen in early lactation; however, when milk yield decreases to less than 20 kg daily, nonprotein nitrogen can be included in the ration as guidelines recommend. Proteins that are both degradable and nondegradable in the rumen should be included in the ration, but an excess of either will reduce milk production and efficiency of feed utilization. The increased use of cereal grains in rations of dairy cows along with the use of roughages that have been chopped, pelleted, or ground make considering buffers in feeding the dairy cow both beneficial and profitable.
Control of myometrial contractility: role and regulation of gap junctions. (1988)

In this review we have attempted to describe the morphology and electrophysiology of the myometrium and also the myogenic, neurogenic and hormonal systems which control its activity. The synthesis of myometrial gap junctions appears to play a significant role in the gradual evolution of uterine contractility during labour. We suggest that the development of myometrial gap junctions is physiologically regulated by the steroid hormones, their receptors and prostaglandins. Furthermore, the permeability or conductance of the gap junction channels as well as their degradation seems to be hormonally regulated (Figure 10.6). Thus, there are several sites for the control of the presence and function of the gap junctions and the management of uterine contractility.
Robust Estimation and Generative Adversarial Nets (2018)

Robust estimation under Huber's $ε$-contamination model has become an important topic in statistics and theoretical computer science. Statistically optimal procedures such as Tukey's median and other estimators based on depth functions are impractical because of their computational intractability. In this paper, we establish an intriguing connection between $f$-GANs and various depth functions through the lens of $f$-Learning. Similar to the derivation of $f$-GANs, we show that these depth functions that lead to statistically optimal robust estimators can all be viewed as variational lower bounds of the total variation distance in the framework of $f$-Learning. This connection opens the door of computing robust estimators using tools developed for training GANs. In particular, we show in both theory and experiments that some appropriate structures of discriminator networks with hidden layers in GANs lead to statistically optimal robust location estimators for both Gaussian distribution and general elliptical distributions where first moment may not exist.
[Effect of collagen type II on redifferentiation of dedifferentiated rabbit chondrocytes]. (2010)

Collagen type II can promote redifferentiation and activation of dedifferentiated rabbit chondrocytes.
Tibial Shaft Fractures in Children and Adolescents (2005)

Tibial shaft fractures are among the most common pediatric injuries managed by orthopaedic surgeons. Treatment is individualized based on patient age, concomitant injuries, fracture pattern, associated soft-tissue and neurovascular injury, and surgeon experience. Closed reduction and casting is the mainstay of treatment for diaphyseal tibial fractures. Careful clinical and radiographic follow-up with remanipulation as necessary is effective for most patients. Surgical management options include external fixation, locked intramedullary nail fixation in the older adolescent with closed physis, Kirschner wire fixation, and flexible intramedullary nailing. Union of pediatric diaphyseal tibial fractures occurs in approximately 10 weeks; nonunion occurs in <2% of cases. Some clinicians consider sagittal deformity angulation >10 degrees to be malunion and indicate that 10 degrees of valgus and 5 degrees of varus may not reliably remodel. Compartment syndromes associated with tibial shaft fractures occur less frequently in children and adolescents than in adults. Diagnosis may be difficult in a young child or one with altered mental status. Although the toddler fracture of the tibia is one of the most common in children younger than age 2 years, child abuse must be considered in the young child with an inconsistent history or with suspicious concomitant injuries.
Temporal and Spatial Expression of a Polygalacturonase during Leaf and Flower Abscission in Oilseed Rape and Arabidopsis (2002)

During leaf abscission in oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cell wall degradation is brought about by the action of several hydrolytic enzymes. One of these is thought to be polygalacturonase (PG). Degenerate primers were used to isolate a PG cDNA fragment by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from RNA extracted from ethylene-promoted leaf abscission zones (AZs), and in turn a full-length clone (CAW471) from an oilseed rape AZ cDNA library. The highest homology of this cDNA (82%) was to an Arabidopsis sequence that was predicted to encode a PG protein. Analysis of expression revealed that CAW471 mRNA accumulated in the AZ of leaves and reached a peak 24 h after ethylene treatment. Ethylene-promoted leaf abscission in oilseed rape was not apparent until 42 h after exposure to the gas, reaching 50% at 48 h and 100% by 56 h. In floral organ abscission, expression of CAW471 correlated with cell separation. Genomic libraries from oilseed rape and Arabidopsis were screened with CAW471 and the respective genomic clones PGAZBRAN and PGAZAT isolated. Characterization of these PG genes revealed that they had substantial homology within both the coding regions and in the 5'-upstream sequences. Fusion of a 1,476-bp 5'-upstream sequence of PGAZAT to beta-glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein and transformation of Arabidopsis revealed that this fragment was sufficient to drive expression of these reporter genes in the AZs at the base of the anther filaments, petals, and sepals.
Isolation and analysis of fucoidans from various brown algae (1997)

The yield and chemical components of fucoidans from three Sargassum species and three types of Laminaria japonica grown in different places were investigated. The highest yield was obtained from L. Japonica grown in Dalian. Fucoidans from three types of L. japonica had similar components, but sulfate groups were attached to different positions of the fucose residues in them. Fucoidans from Sargassum had complex components and low sulfate content.
Immunolocalization of SPARC, tenascin, and thrombospondin in pulmonary fibrosis. (1995)

Several biochemically unrelated multifunctional extracellular proteins, SPARC, thrombospondin 1, and tenascin-C (TN), have been grouped as antiadhesive glycoproteins because they inhibit the spreading of cells on extracellular matrix in vitro. Migration of fibroblasts and epithelial cells into the air spaces to organize inflammatory exudate is a feature common to several fibrosing lung diseases. We hypothesized that migration would be facilitated by loosening the adhesive interactions between cells and the pericellular matrix components of the alveolar wall and that one or more of the anti-adhesive glycoproteins could be involved. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize SPARC, TN, and thrombospondin 1 in biopsies of organizing pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (nine cases of usual interstitial pneumonia, one of desquamative interstitial pneumonia), and control lungs. Each antigen had a distinctive distribution. Only TN was expressed in control lungs, where it strongly stained the basement membrane of large bronchi and weakly stained alveolar entrance rings and small veins. In organizing pneumonia, TN was heavily stained through the entire extracellular matrix of the Masson bodies. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, TN was abundant in the fibroblast foci of active fibrosis but was also present in the basement membrane regions beneath the metaplastic epithelium lining honeycomb cysts. TN was abundant in the interstitium in desquamative interstitial pneumonia. SPARC was observed only intracellularly where it occurred in the fibroblasts of Masson bodies of organizing pneumonia and the fibroblast foci of usual interstitial pneumonia. In desquamative interstitial pneumonia, expression of SPARC was minimal, in rare interstitial fibroblasts. Thrombospondin 1 was found consistently in organizing pneumonia but only infrequently in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In both, it was localized in the extracellular matrix immediately beneath reparative epithelium. These results are consistent with a role for SPARC in fibroblast migration. TN may function in both fibroblast migration and the adhesion of metaplastic bronchial-type epithelium. However, these proteins also have other activities that may be important in pulmonary fibrosis. The localization of thrombospondin 1 suggests that it may be synthesized by regenerating epithelium where it may aid in the adhesion or migration of the epithelial cells.
CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted synthesis of mesoporous carbon/C-doped ZnO composites for enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light (2014)

Visible-light-responsive mesoporous carbon/C-doped ZnO (mC/C-ZnO) composites were fabricated using a facile, fast, one-step process in CO2-expanded ethanol solution. It is a green and sustainable process that does not need tedious pretreatment, surfactants or precipitants. CO2 played triple roles in the synthesis of mC/C-ZnO composites; the first was to provide a simple physical expansion to evenly dope the carbon in the ZnO; the second was to offer some chemical groups such as CO3(2-) and HCO3(-), facilitating the uniform and complete deposition through the coordination of a metallic cation with these anions; and the third was to offer CO3(2-) acting as a template for the formation of mesoporosity in the carbon. When used as a photocatalyst for the photodegradation of RhB and the organic pollutant phenol, the mC/C-ZnO composites with glucose content at 22 wt% (mC/C-ZnO-CE-2) synthesized in CO2-expanded ethanol exhibited better recycling stability and photodegradation rate than the corresponding sample synthesized in pure ethanol. Such improved photocatalytic performance was attributed to the well-mixing of the mesoporous carbon and the small sized C-doped ZnO particles in the mC/C-ZnO-CE-2 composites. The facile and fast synthesis method could be extended to other mesoporous carbon/C-doped metal oxide composites, which are expected to be good photocatalyst candidates, or in other application fields.
A direct load control of air-conditioning loads with thermal comfort control (2005)

The lack of new generation capacity and the higher fuel generation cost are the serious problems of Taipower. Taipower attempted to make the optimal economic fuel-cost dispatch of its existing generation capacity by applying direct load control method (DLC). However, some constraints such as the outdoor temperature, thermal comfort level of consumers, and air-conditioning load payback phenomenon restrain the executions of DLC. In order to alleviate the above problems, a reasonable DLC program with a least enthalpy estimator (LEE)-based fuzzy thermal comfort controller of air-conditioning systems is proposed in this paper. It can store the heat transfer capacity of the chilled water by a time delay after load-shedding command is issued. With the help of the proposed LEE-based fuzzy control and this pre-stored chilled-water heat transfer capacity, a smaller increase of the chilled-water temperature during off-shift period is obtained which can avoid the transient payback load effect. Meanwhile, the thermal comfort is also maintained within an acceptable level.
Transitional and Final Provisions of the Republika Srpska Proprietary Law // Prelazne i završne odredbe Zakona o stvarnim pravima Republike Srpske (2018)

Significance of the transitional and final provisions of the Republika Srpska Proprietary law is multifunctional. Aforementioned provisions should enable transition from the former to the new legal system as well as to regulate some areas, that haven’t been standardised by special laws until now. Any change in legal system is inevitably accompanied with the state of transition of the proprietary law relations. Those relations are being transformed and coordinated with the rules of the new state of affairs. It’s only when this kind of transition is completed, we can state that the previous legal order is no longer in to existence.
Type Radicals (1968)

The lower radical of a module type . For a ring R with unit, the module type t ( R ) was defined in [6] as follows: t (0) = 0; t ( R ) = d if every free R -module has invariant rank; t ( R ) = ( c, k ) for integers c, k ≧ 1 if every free R -module of rank < c has invariant rank, while a free module of rank h ≧ c has rank h + nk for any integer n ≧ 0. The module types form a lattice under the ordering 0 < ( c, k ) < d and ( c', k' ) ≦ ( c, k ) if and only if c ' ≦ c and k' Ⅰ k . Two of the basic theorems on types are: A. [6; Theorem 2, p. 115] If R → R' is a unit-preserving homomorphism, then t ( R' )≦ t ( R ) .
Characteristics of Cobalt Thin Films Deposited by Remote Plasma ALD Method with Dicobalt Octacarbonyl (2007)

Cobalt thin films were deposited by a remote plasma atomic layer deposition (ALD) system with a metalorganic precursor of dicobalt octacarbonyl . To investigate the reaction kinetics and the characteristics of the Co films, we carried out experiments, varying parameters such as precursor flow rate and injection time, reactant gas flow rate, plasma power, and substrate temperature. The deposition rate of Co films was in the ALD window of . The extent of impurity content such as oxygen and carbon was highly affected by plasma power. Two Co films deposited with a plasma power of 50 and showed different compositional variations. The carbon content of the samples was about and , and oxygen content was about and , for deposition with plasma powers of 50 and , respectively. The incorporation of impurities was caused by the incomplete decomposition of and suppressed Co reaction on Si substrate, retarding silicide formation.
Imbalance Response and Stability Characteristics of a Rotor Supported by Hybrid Air Foil Bearings (2012)

This article presents the imbalance response of a 4.84-kg rotor of 49 mm in diameter supported by hybrid air foil bearings (HAFBs). In this work, hybrid means hydrostatic injection of pressurized air into the air film. Previous experimental works by the authors on HAFBs with different designs (elastic supports, overall size, number of top foils) considered the load capacity at low speeds and the cooling effectiveness of the hybrid operation. The current article investigates the rotordynamics performance of HAFBs. The HAFB in this work has three top foils with hydrodynamic preload with a clearance distribution similar to traditional three-lobe bearings. The imbalance response in cylindrical mode is presented with different supply pressures (2.67–4.67 bar). Imbalance responses near the critical speeds do not clearly show the effect of increased pressure on the bearing stiffness, natural frequency, and damping around the critical speeds. However, the frequency of subsynchronous vibrations (considered to be the natural frequency of the rotor-bearing system) at high speeds increases slightly with the pressure. The increased supply pressure is more effective in suppressing the subsynchronous vibrations at high speeds rather than affecting the modal stiffness and natural frequencies. Prediction using modal impedance curves calculated from a linear perturbation method slightly overpredicts (4–9%) the measured natural frequencies.
Trends in Residential Services for People Who are Mentally Retarded: 1977–1982 (1984)

This paper summarizes and compares the results of two national surveys of residential facilities for people who are mentally retarded. The results from 1977 and 1982 national surveys of all state-licensed, state-contracted, or state-operated facilities demonstrate a residential population of static total size but changing characteristics. Most notable were a decreasing number of children in out-of-home residential care and an increasing proportion of persons who are severely/profoundly handicapped in community-based residences. The number of smaller facilities increased substantially.
Constructing Maximal Dynamic Flows from Static Flows (1958)

A network, in which two integers t ıj (the traversal time) and c ıj (the capacity) are associated with each arc P ı P j , is considered with respect to the following question. What is the maximal amount of goods that can be transported from one node to another in a given number T of time periods, and how does one ship in order to achieve this maximum? A computationally efficient algorithm for solving this dynamic linear-programming problem is presented. The algorithm has the following features (a) The only arithmetic operations required are addition and subtraction (b) In solving for a given time period T, optimal solutions for all lesser time periods are a by-product (c) The constructed optimal solution for a given T is presented as a relatively small number of activities (chain-flows) which are repeated over and over until the end of the T periods. Hence, in particular, hold-overs at intermediate nodes are not required (d) Arcs which serve as bottlenecks for the flow are singled out, as well as the time periods in which they act as such (e) In solving the problem for successive values of T, stabilization on a set of chain-flows (see (c) above) eventually occurs, and an a priori bound on when stabilization occurs can be established. The fact that there exist solutions to this problem which have the simple form described in (c) is remarkable, since other dynamic linear-programming problems that have been studied do not enjoy this property.
Avaliação macro e microscópica da cicatrização de lesões experimentalmente provocadas em pele de coelhos tratadas com secreção mucoglicoproteica do escargot Achatina fulica (2003)

Os escargots são animais capazes de produzir através de glândulas localizadas em toda superfície do seu corpo, uma secreção glicoproteica com um poder antibacteriano que participa na própria imunidade inata¹. O poder antimicrobiano de determinadas substâncias pode auxiliar nos processos de reparação de feridas de origens diversas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar macroscopicamente e histologicamente, os efeitos reparadores do muco do escargot Achatina fulica, em lesões provocadas por instrumento cortante na pele de coelhos. Incisões de 10cm de comprimento foram realizadas na pele de 15 coelhos. Estes foram divididos em três grupos e submetidos aos respectivos tratamentos: 1) tratamento com o muco na forma pura, 2) tratamento com o muco sob a forma de pomada e 3) um grupo sem receber o tratamento (controle). As características macroscópicas da lesão foram registradas diariamente e para a análise histológica, uma biópsia foi realizada após 72 horas de tratamento. Os fragmentos processados rotineiramente e corados com Tricrômio de Masson. Histologicamente, a epiderme dos coelhos tratados mostrou uma camada basal de células cúbicas, enquanto os do grupo controle apresentaram uma camada basal de células cilíndricas com áreas desorganizadas e a derme apresentou um estágio mais avançado no processo de reparo quando comparado ao controle. A evolução macroscópica no processo de cicatrização ocorreu num menor espaço de tempo nos coelhos do grupo pomada, em relação aos demais tratamentos.
Organoallyloxysilanes (1960)

アリルアルコールと各種オルガノクロルシランの反応をナトリウムアルコラートで完結させ, おのおのトリメチルアリルオキシシラン, ジメチルジアリルオキシシラン, メチルトリアリルオキシシラン, フェニルトリアリルオキシシラン, ジフェニルジアリルオキシシラン, フェニルジメチルアリルオキシシラン, p-メチルフェニルジメチルアリルオキシシラン, p-クロルフェニルジメチルアリルオキシシランを合成し, その赤外線吸収スペクトルを記録した。B. P. O. を重合触媒とする単独重合および酢酸ビニルとの 1:1 混合物の共重合はいずれも変化が認められない。その他 二,三 の反応性を検討した。これら 8 種類のアリルオキシシランは文献未知である。
Factors affecting the yield of microRNAs from laser microdissectates of formalin-fixed tissue sections (2012)

These observations should be of value for the efficient isolation of microRNAs from microdissected formalin-fixed tissues with a flexible workflow.