gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheology and Convective Heat Transfer Properties of Borate Cross-Linked Nitrogen Foam Fracturing Fluid (2010)

This article considers the rheology and convective heat transfer characteristics of borate cross-linked guar and borate cross-linked foam fracturing fluid by conducting experiments on a large-scale test loop at 30 MPa. The results show that severe chemical degradation of borate cross-linked guar occurred as temperature increased. When temperature was higher than the threshold value, the cross-linker was almost disabled and the guar was no longer cross-linked. It was also found that the viscosity of borate-cross-linked foam fracturing fluid was proportional to the increment of foam quality, which was inversely proportional to the increase of temperature. The influence of fluid behavior index on the velocity gradient of non-Newtonian fluid at the wall is tremendous, resulting in a negative temperature-dependent convective heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficients of these two fluids and also to match the experimental data, a multiplier should be utilized to account for the shear-dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer enhancement. The contribution of shear-induced bubble-scale microconvection was significant for the heat transfer enhancement of foam fluid. The correlations between the viscosity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of borate cross-linked guar and borate cross-linked foam fracturing fluid deduced from the experimental data were also obtained.
SCAVENGING OF RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS IN CONNECTION WITH NUCLEAR-POWERED SHIPS (1961)

A McBain-Bakr sorption balance was constructed and calibrated for sorptive studies of active carbons for iodine vapor. Experiments on dispersion of oil as smoke are reported. (D.L.C.)
Nutrient availability : chemical and biological aspects (1989)

Part 1 The concept and significance of nutrient bioavailability: nutritional significance of bioavailability, A.E.Bender conceptual issues concerning the assessment of nutrient bioavailability, D.A.T.Southgate importance of nutrient availability relation to trends of food production and consumption, H.R.Mueller importance of nutrient availability of food production and consumption, G.Mowlah and A.Malek. Part 2 Physical and chemical techniques for the measurement of bioavailability: use of ICP-MS to assess the bioavailability of trace elements the human diet, B.G.Dalgarno et al the use of ICP-MS to estimate absorption of iron during normal human pregnancy, P.G.Whittaker et al fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for the measurement of zinc absorption human nutrition studies, J.Eagles et al determination of absorption of zinc stable isotopes utilizing fast atom bombardment spectrometry, L.V.Miller et al isotope dilution techniques for the study of zinc bioavailability from whole diets, M.J.Jackson a double label stable isotope method for measuring calcium absorption from foods, S.J.Fairweather-Tait et al. Part 3 Analytical techniques: methods of inorganic analysis and detection application to biological problems, R.Cornelis microscopic and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of oat bran components before and after in vivo digestion, S.H.Yiu determination of molybodenum plasma by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, P.C.Morrice et al NBS standard reference materials for validating determinations of micronutrients and toxic substances foods, R.Alvarez trends the daily dietary intake of minor and trace elements by human subjects - an analytical appraisal, C.V.Iyengar development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for metallothionein, A.Ghaffar et al evaluation of the Vitamin B6 content foods by HPLC analysis, R.Bitsch and J.Moeller analysis of cis-beta-carotenes food and colorant additives, S.J.Schwartz and G.L.Catignani biospecific analysis of vitamins, M.R.A.Morgan et al. Part 4 The importance of speciation: the significance of speciation for predicting mineral bioavailability, W.van Dokkum modelling bioavailability as a function of speciation using physiocochemical data and computers, M.I.Barnett et al a stable isotope study of the degree of exchange between extrinsic endogenous zinc during in vitro enzyme digestion of food, H.M.Crews et al. Part contents
Distribution of sulfur-containing aromatics between [hmim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>: a case study for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams by extraction with ionic liquids (2005)

Stringent regulations of the maximum content of sulfur in transportation fuels have prompted an intense search for new processes of deep desulfurization to complement common catalytic hydrodesulfurization. One of the alternative processes under development involves extraction of sulfur-containing aromatic compounds (SAs) from diesel fuel and gasoline with ionic liquids (ILs). In these applications, recycling of ILs will be highly important, and reextraction of SAs from ILs with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) appears to be a possible method to regenerate ILs. The design and feasibility assessment of supercritical reextraction requires the partition coefficients of SAs between ILs and scCO2. We used open tubular capillary-column chromatography to measure the partition coefficients of several SAs between 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]) and scCO2, with [hmim][Tf2N] serving as the stationary liquid and scCO2 as the mobile phase (carrier fluid). The results confirm that the partition coefficients of SAs can be tuned within wide limits (over a decadic order of magnitude) by relatively modest changes in temperature (40–80 °C) and pressure (8.7–17.6 MPa). However, even the most favourable values of the partition coefficients of SAs between [hmim][Tf2N] and scCO2 suggest that feasibility of a large-scale supercritical reextraction process is questionable at best.
CarOSense (2020)

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a popular technology to provide high accuracy localization, asset tracking and access control applications. Due to the accurate ranging feature and robustness to relay attacks, car manufacturers are upgrading the keyless entry infrastructure to UWB. As car occupancy monitoring is an essential step to support regulatory requirements and provide customized user experience, we build CarOSense to explore the possibility of reusing UWB keyless infrastructure as an orthogonal sensing modality to detect per-seat car occupancy. CarOSense uses a novel deep learning model, MaskMIMO, to learn spatial/time features by 2D convolutions and per-seat attentions by a multi-task mask. We collect UWB data from 10 car locations with up to 16 occupancy states in each location. We implement CarOSense as a cross-platform demo and evaluate it in 15 different scenarios, including leave-one-out test of unknown car locations and stress test of unseen scenarios. Results show that the average accuracy is 94.6% for leave-one-out test and 87.0% for stress test. CarOSense is robust in a large set of untrained scenarios with the model trained on a small set of training data. We also benchmark the computation cost and demonstrate that CarOSense is lightweight and can run smoothly in real-time on embedded devices.
The X series recommendations: protocols for data communications networks (1991)

This handbook breaks down the detailed definitions and descriptions of the X Series Recommendations into an accessible reference format. It explains the operations of, and interfaces to, data communications networks which follow international CCITT standards. This guide describes X.2 facilities, X.1 service classes, the X.31 internetworking standard, the OSI model, transmission protocols, networks with ISDN, telephone networks, satellite networks, X.500 directory applications and more.
Obligatory Requirement for Antibody in Recovery from a Primary Poxvirus Infection (2006)

ABSTRACT To understand the correlates of protective immunity against primary variola virus infection in humans, we have used the well-characterized mousepox model. This is an excellent surrogate small-animal model for smallpox in which the disease is caused by infection with the closely related orthopoxvirus, ectromelia virus. Similarities between the two infections include virus replication and transmission, aspects of pathology, and development of pock lesions. Previous studies using ectromelia virus have established critical roles for cytokines and effector functions of CD8 T cells in the control of acute stages of poxvirus infection. Here, we have used mice deficient in B cells to demonstrate that B-cell function is also obligatory for complete virus clearance and recovery of the host. In the absence of B cells, virus persists and the host succumbs to infection, despite the generation of CD8 T-cell responses. Intriguingly, transfer of naive B cells or ectromelia virus-immune serum to B-cell-deficient mice with established infection allowed these animals to clear virus and fully recover. In contrast, transfer of ectromelia virus-immune CD8 T cells was ineffective. Our data show that mice deficient in CD8 T-cell function die early in infection, whereas those deficient in B cells or antibody production die much later, indicating that B-cell function becomes critical after the effector phase of the CD8 T-cell response to infection subsides. Strikingly, our results show that antibody prevents virus from seeding the skin and forming pock lesions, which are important for virus transmission between hosts.
The cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway <i>via</i> the PGE<sub>2</sub> EP2 receptor contributes to oligodendrocytes apoptosis in cuprizone‐induced demyelination (2011)

Cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and -2 are key enzymes required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids, potent mediators of inflammation. In patients with multiple sclerosis, COX-2 derived prostaglandins (PGs) are elevated in the CSF and COX-2 is up-regulated in demyelinating plaques. However, it is not known whether COX-2 activity contributes to oligodendrocyte death. In cuprizone-induced demyelination, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and a concomitant increase in the gene expression of COX-2 and PGE₂-EP2 receptor precede histological demyelination. COX-2 and EP2 receptor were expressed by oligodendrocytes, suggesting a causative role for the COX-2/EP2 pathway in the initiation of oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. COX-2 gene deletion, chronic treatment with the COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib, or with the EP2 receptor antagonist AH6809 reduced cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, the degree of demyelination and motor dysfunction. These data indicate that the PGE₂ EP2 receptor contributes to oligodendrocyte apoptosis and open possible new therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis.
Defining the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1991)

The recently published working definition of the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a necessary first step toward a consistent effort to research this controversial illness. Before this definition was developed, cases often were defined vaguely, according to the perceptions and biases of the individual researchers, so that the results of some studies were unclear. However, few specific diagnostic parameters for CFS exist, and the new definition may not delineate a single clinicopathologic entity. Future efforts at researching this illness should be aimed at identifying parameters that differentiate CFS from psychiatric conditions such as major depression and from other defined chronic diseases. Because CFS may be the result of multiple disease processes, the separate study of well-defined subgroups of patients with CFS is appropriate. Such subgroups of patients are probably more likely to have common pathogenetic features than are patients with CFS as a whole group.
Systemic Uptake of Fluorescent Tracers by Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seed and Seedlings (2020)

Systemic seed treatment uptake was investigated in seeds and seedlings using fluorescent tracers to mimic systemic agrochemicals. Soybean was used as the model as soybean has the permeable seed coat characteristic to both charged and noncharged molecules. The purpose of the paper is to (1) screen 32 fluorescent tracers and then use optimal tracers for seed and seedling uptake, (2) investigate varietal differences in seed uptake, (3) examine the distribution of tracer uptake into 14-day-old seedlings, and (4) study the relationship between seed treatment lipophilicity, measured as log P on seed and root uptake. The major chemical families that displayed both seed and seedling uptake were coumarins and xanthenes. Seed uptake of coumarin 120 ranged from 1.1% to 4.8% of the applied seed treatment tracer from 15 yellow-seeded varieties. Rhodamine B, a xanthene compound uptake in seedlings, showed translocation from the applied seed treatment to all seedling tissues. Most of the tracer was measured in the hypocotyl and root, with lesser amounts in the epicotyl and true leaves. Log P is well documented in the literature to model systemic uptake by roots, but log P of the tracers were not related to seed uptake.
A RECHARGEABLE THIN-FILM SOLID-ELECTROLYTE BATTERY, (1966)

A working model was devised for a battery consisting of a silver-silver iodide-platinum array. The array is viewed as a solid-electrolyte concentration cell in which the internal driving force is the high concentration of silver in the silver anode (negative) tending to force positively-charged silver ions through the AgI (an 'electrolyte' for silver ions) to reach a balance with the low concentration of silver in the platinum cathode (positive). Charge compensation requires that this internal flow of positive ions be accompanied by an equivalent external flow of electrons. The pellet-type batteries appear to offer the following advantages: lower internal resistance, inherent stability, good shelf-life (especially at low drains), recharge capability, reasonably good output, rugged packaging, wider temperature range of operation, simple production procedures, excellent miniaturization potential, fairly low material cost in terms of cents/volt.
Stability of sorbic acid in aqueous solutions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of sorbic acid in aqueous solutionsS. S. AryaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 6, 1246–1249Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60232a072https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60232a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1278Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The temporal variations of soil respiration under different land use in Liupan Mountain forest zone]. (2003)

The temporal variations of soil respiration under cropland, rangeland, natural secondary forest (brushwood, nature secondary forest dominated by Querces liaotungensis koiz or Populus davidiana dode) and the plantation of larch (13, 18 and 25-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtil mayr) in Liupan Mountain forest zone was studied. It was found that the rate of soil respiration increased with increasing soil temperature during diurnal variation and the highest temperature was from 13:00 o'clock to 15:00 o'clock, the lowest temperature was from 04:00 o'clock and 08:00 o'clock, the variation of soil respiration rate appeared same trend. The daily rate of soil respiration increased from May to October and which was the highest from August to September and declined on October. The diurnal or seasonal variation of soil respiration rate mainly consisted with the diurnal or seasonal variation of soil temperature and its range under cropland or rangeland was greater than which under forestland (natural secondary forest, plantation or brushwood). The highest rate of soil respiration for diurnal or seasonal variation of soil CO2 efflux under cropland or rangeland was higher than which under the forestland, while the lowest rate of soil respiration under cropland or rangeland was lowered than which under forestland. Annual rate of respiration for natural secondary forest, cropland, rangeland and plantation was 3.96-4.51 t/(hm2.a), 1.91 t/(hm2.a), 5.08 t/(hm2.a) and 4.11-5.55 t/(hm2.a) respectively. The results shows that the diurnal or seasonal variation range of soil respiration rate would increase with conversion from natural forests to cropland or rangeland, while which would decrease following afforestation under cropland or rangeland. In addition, the annual respiration rate would also change with change in land use.
The size and form of the medulla of human scalp hair is regulated by the hair cycle and cross-sectional size of the hair shaft (1999)

Hairs were sampled from long-haired Caucasian females, and cross-sectional measurements were performed using a rotating profile method at fixed humidity (100%). The effect of the hair cycle on medullation was investigated by examining medulla size and form along the lengths of anagen and telogen terminal hairs and also from a composite model of the entire medulla, as produced from a full cycle's growth, by amalgamating the results from the anagen and telogen hairs. The effect of hair shaft cross-sectional size on medullation has been investigated by controlling any effect of the hair cycle on terminal hairs and by use of the maximal medulla size in short, fine (vellous) hairs from the same subjects. All terminal hairs were medullated for the majority of their lengths. The presence and size of the medulla, in terminal hairs, was profoundly affected by the hair cycle. It was largest early in anagen, where the medulla minor axis, major axis and cross-sectional area represented about 26%, 23% and 7% of the corresponding whole hair shaft parameters (at 100% humidity). The medulla was virtually absent towards the end of anagen. The shape of the medulla cross-section was less elliptical than that of the whole hair shaft and was close to circular. There was no significant change in medulla shape through anagen. The form of the medulla was also affected by the hair cycle; approximately, it was continuous for the first 50% of anagen, discontinuous for the next 25% and virtually absent or absent for the final 25%. The maximal size of the medulla, as occurred in early anagen, was markedly associated with the cross-sectional size of the whole hair shaft, both within terminal hairs and between all scalp hairs. The medulla was large in terminal hairs and small or absent in very small hairs. The proportion of the whole hair shaft occupied by the medulla increased with increase in hair size and reached a maximum in terminal hairs, in which the medulla minor axis represented about 30% of the whole hair shaft minor axis. Furthermore, this proportion was constant in the terminal hairs and was not related to whole hair shaft size. Such maximal proportional medullation might represent a defining feature of terminal hairs. Variation in size of the medulla is not the cause of the previously reported cycle-dependent change in cross-sectional size of the whole hair shaft of terminal hairs.
Growth of recombinant fibroblasts in alginate microcapsules (1994)

To develop a novel strategy of nonautologous somatic gene therapy, we now demonstrate the feasibility of culturing genetically modified fibroblasts within an immunoprotective environment and the optimal conditions required for their continued survival in vitro. When mouse Ltk(-) fibroblasts transfected with the human growth hormone gene were enclosed within permselective microcapsules fabricated from alginate-polylysine-alginate, they continued to secrete human growth hormone at the same rates as the nonencapsulated cells. They also continued to proliferate in vitro for at least 1 month even though their viability gradually declined to about 50%. The viability can be improved by controlling for (a) temperature during encapsulation, (b) duration of treatment with polylysine, (c) duration of liquefying the core alginate with sodium citrate, and (d) cell density at the time of encapsulation. The best conditions leading to improved survival and maximum proliferation of cells within the microcapsules were obtained by encapsulating the cells at 4 to 10 degrees C instead of room temperature, coating the microspheres with polylysine for 6 to 10 min instead of 20 min, liquefying the core alginate by treating with citrate for 20 min instead of 6 to 10 min, and using a concentration of 2 x 10(6) cells/mL of alginate for encapsulation. Under such conditions, normally adherent and genetically engineered mouse fibroblasts survived and proliferated optimally within the microcapsule environment. The encapsulated fibroblasts maintained their level of transgene expression while recombinant gene products such as human growth hormone could diffuse through the microcapsule membrane without impediment. The demonstration that genetically modified fibroblasts can survive and continue to deliver recombinant gene products from within these microcapsules and the optimization for their maximal viability and growth within microcapsules should increase the potential for success in using such microencapsulated recombinant cells for somatic gene therapy. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cyriax's Friction Massage: A Review (1982)

This article reviews the existing literature on connective tissue in an attempt to provide additional substantiation for the use of Dr. James Cyriax's friction massage. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1982;4(1):16-22.
Ni Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Magnesium Silicate in Dry and Steam Reforming Reactions (2017)

Abstract Mesoporous nanocrystalline MgSiO 3 with high surface area was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and employed as support in dry and steam reforming of methane. Ni/MgSiO 3 catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and characterized by different techniques. N 2 adsorption analysis indicated that addition of nickel shifted the pore size distributions to smaller sizes. Temperature‐programmed reduction analysis revealed that a higher nickel loading enhanced the reducibility of the catalyst. The catalytic performance was improved with increasing the nickel content. The Ni/MgSiO 3 catalyst exhibited high stability in dry reforming but methane conversion declined with time‐on‐stream in the steam reforming reaction. Temperature‐programmed oxidation profiles of spent catalysts indicated that the high amount of carbon deposited on the catalyst surface in dry and steam reforming was assigned to whisker‐type carbon.