gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of riociguat in patients with persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) (2014)

Background PEA is the recommended treatment for CTEPH as it is potentially curative in the majority of patients (pts). However, some pts have persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension (PH) following PEA. Aims This subgroup analysis of the CHEST study assessed the long-term effects of riociguat in pts with persistent/recurrent PH following PEA. Methods In CHEST-1, 72 pts with persistent/recurrent PH following PEA were randomized to riociguat (up to 2.5 mg tid) or placebo (pbo) for 16 wks. After CHEST-1 completion, eligible pts could enter the long-term extension study CHEST-2, where all pts received riociguat. The results of an interim analysis (censored Mar 2013) are reported. Results At the end of CHEST-1, 6MWD and several secondary endpoints had improved in the riociguat group vs pbo. Of the 72 pts with persistent/recurrent PH following PEA in CHEST-1, 65 entered CHEST-2 (mean age 58±15 yrs, mean time since PEA 3.3 yrs). At censor date, 86% (n=56) of pts were ongoing, 69% (n=45) attended the 1-yr visit, and 14% (n=9) had discontinued, of whom 8% (n=5) had died. Riociguat was well tolerated; 2% (n=1) of pts withdrew due to adverse events. Improvements in 6MWD at Wk 12 of CHEST-2 vs CHEST-1 baseline (ex-riociguat 40±75 m; ex-pbo 44±43 m) were sustained for 1 yr in the overall cohort (44±64 m; n=42). WHO functional class improved/stabilized/worsened in 42/53/4% and 42/58/0% of the ex-riociguat and ex-pbo pts, respectively, at Wk 12 of CHEST-2, and 49/51/0% of pts at 1 yr (n=43). Conclusions Long-term riociguat was well tolerated in pts with persistent/recurrent PH following PEA and improved 6MWD and secondary endpoints for up to 1 yr.
Mobile base station antenna composed of a cylindrical dielectric lens radome (2015)

This paperproposes a novel mobile base station antenna with a dielectric lens radome. The dielectric lens has a function to shape the radiation pattern which is useful to achieve low side lobe characteristics. In designing the dielectric lens, a ray tracing method has been developed in the MATLAB software. In order to achieve a slender lens shape, adequate radiation patterns for the feed radiator are studied. The bifurcated radiation pattern is shown to be effective.
Turkey’s fight against corruption: current state and the road ahead (2018)

In Turkey, the fight against corruption has been long, arduous, and largely unsuccessful. Rapid economic growth in a neo-liberalizing state has done little to curtail corruption, where bribery is endemic. The authors embed this phenomenon within Turkish culture, including the high levels of “power distance” (degree to which members of a society expect and accept unequal distribution of power), collectivism (tendency to privilege members of in-groups at the expense of outsiders), the country’s low level of interpersonal trust, and a paternalistic set of values that legitimizes the patronage networks set up by authority figures. Although Turkey has taken steps to reduce corruption, partly due to attempts to join the European Union, it has little to show for its efforts.
Fibers Waste in Textiles, Their Recycling and Applications in Composites (2020)

Trends in Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology Fibers Waste in Textiles, Their Recycling and Applications in Composites Patti A1 and Acierno D2* 1Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, Italy 2CRdC New Technologies for Productive Activities, Naples, Italy *Corresponding author: Acierno D, CRdC New Technologies for Productive Activities Scarl, Via Nuova Agnano 11, Naples, Italy Submission: April 27, 2020; Published: May 22, 2020 DOI: 10.31031/TTEFT.2020.06.000628 ISSN 2578-0271 Volume 6 Issue 1
COST EFFICIENT WATERPROOF TUNNEL LININGS (2009)

The last few years, several projects have been successfully lined by sprayed concrete with an embedded double-bonded spray-applied membrane. This composite single shell liner offers significant reduction of total project cost and construction time. Especially in drill and blast tunneling major cost savings are linked to reduced consumption of concrete materials when comparing with the traditional system with sheet membrane and cast in-situ concrete.
Small‐Scale Flux Transfer Events Formed in the Reconnection Exhaust Region Between Two X Lines (2018)

Abstract We report MMS observations of the ion‐scale flux transfer events (FTEs) that may involve two main X lines and tearing instability between the two X lines. The four spacecraft detected multiple isolated regions with enhanced magnetic field strength and bipolar B n signatures normal to the nominal magnetopause, indicating FTEs. The currents within the FTEs flow mostly parallel to B , and the magnetic tension force is balanced by the total pressure gradient force. During these events, the plasma bulk flow velocity was directed southward. Detailed analysis of the magnetic and electric field and plasma moments variations suggests that the FTEs were initially embedded within the exhaust region north of an X line but were later located southward/downstream of a subsequent X line. The cross sections of the individual FTEs are in the range of ~2.5–6.8 ion inertial lengths. The observations suggest the formation of multiple secondary FTEs. The presence of an X line in the exhaust region southward of a second X line results from the southward drift of an old X line and the reformation of a new X line. The current layer between the two X lines is unstable to the tearing instability, generating multiple ion‐scale flux‐rope‐type secondary islands.
A phase II trial of bryostatin 1 in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. (2001)

Current chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer is relatively ineffective and may be associated with significant toxicity. Bryostatin 1 (bryo 1) influences cell proliferation, intracellular metabolism and signaling, differentiation, and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines via modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. This trial investigates the efficacy and toxicity of bryo 1 as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with advanced colorectal cancer who have had previous 5-fluorouracil therapy. The primary end point was tumor response to bryo 1. Toxicity was also assessed. Twenty-eight patients with advanced colorectal cancer were enrolled. The mean age was 59 years (range, 38-76), with 16 men and 12 women, and good minority representation (11 African-Americans). The first 10 patients initially received 25 microg/m2 of bryo 1 weekly as a 24-h infusion for 3 weeks of every 4-week cycle, with dose escalation to 35 microg/m2 starting with the second cycle. The remaining patients were started at 35 microg/m2 and escalated to 40 microg/m2, if toxicity was minimal. Twenty-five patients were evaluable for objective tumor response, and complete data on toxicity were collected on 26 patients. No partial or complete tumor responses were observed. All 25 patients had disease progression within four cycles. Myalgia was the most common toxicity. Myelosuppression was not seen. bryo 1 as a weekly 24-h continuous infusion lacks single-agent antitumor activity in advanced colorectal cancer. Toxicity differs from that of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs.
Tratamiento microquirúrgico con apoyo estereotáctico de aneurisma de la arteria cerebral anterior distal basado en la angiotomografía cerebral helicoidal (2004)

Las complejidades de los aneurismas de la arteria cerebral anterior distal implican cuidados especiales durante la localizacion y clipaje por metodos microneuroquirurgicos. Objetivo: analizar las posibilidades y ventajas del tratamiento microquirurgico de estos aneurismas utilizando el apoyo estereotactico basado en la angiotomografia cerebral helicoidal. Paciente y metodo: a una mujer que ingreso por una hemorragia subaracnoidea con paraplejia inferior se le realizo una tomografia computarizada de craneo que evidencio sangre en la fisura interhemisferica anterior y un hematoma intraparenquimatoso paracentral. La angiotomografia cerebral helicoidal confirmo la existencia de un aneurisma sacular de la arteria cerebral anterior distal derecha ubicado en la region geniana y preciso sus relaciones con las arterias cerebrales anteriores distales, estructuras oseas y venosas adyacentes. El proceder microquirurgico con apoyo estereotactico se ejecuto, usando como base la imagen angiotomografica. Utilizamos el marco estereotactico cubano estereoflex y el programa stassis para orientar la craneotomia. El corredor quirurgico fue la fisura interhemisferica y la trayectoria se verifico con la guia laser. Realizamos una craneotomia de tres por tres centimetros, a la derecha de la linea media. La lesion aneurismatica se dipo sin sacrificar ningun vaso arterial ni venoso. Conclusion: la tecnica propuesta tiene las siguientes ventajas: obvia la angiografia por inyeccion intraarterial, asegura la exactitud del proceder y reduce el tiempo de craneotomia, y de retraccion cerebral. Puede tenerse en cuenta en los pacientes con aneurismas unicos de esta localizacion, en los cuales la navegacion intracraneal intravascular y la aplicacion de espirales dentro del saco no siempre es posible.
The physics of solar sails (2009)

The concept of using photon pressure for propulsion has been considered since Tsiolkovsky in 1921. In fact, Tsiolkovsky and Tsander wrote of 'using tremendous mirrors of very thin sheets' and 'using the pressure of sunlight to attain cosmic velocities' in 1924. The term 'solar sailing' was coined in the late 1950s and was popularized by Arthur C. Clarke in the short story Sunjammer (The Wind From the Sun) in May 1964. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) used sailing techniques to extend the operational life of the Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1974-1975. A problem in the control system was causing Mariner 10 to go off course. By controlling the attitude of Mariner 10 and the angle of the solar power panels relative to the Sun, ground controllers were able to correct the problem without using precious fuel. Once thought to be difficult or impossible, solar sailing has come out of science fiction and into the realm of possibility. Any spacecraft using this method would need to deploy a thin sail that could be as large as many kilometers in extent. Candidate sail materials should be: 1) strong, 2) ultra-lightweight (density of a few g/sq m), 3) able to be folded or crushed until deployed, 4) subject to minimal sagging or stretching, and 5) resistant to ionizing radiation, such as galactic and solar particles (electrons and protons), x-rays, ultraviolet light, and magnetically trapped charged particles. Solar sails must be resistant to each of these types of radiation.
Regulation of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase by Gibberellins in Soybean and Spinach Plants (1992)

Exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) increased the extractable activity of leaf sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in soybean (Glycine max [L.]) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea [L.]). The response to GA applications was detectable within 2 h postapplication and was still observed 6 h, 24 h, and 7 d after treatment. When paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, was applied to intact soybean and spinach plants, decreased extractable SPS activity resulted within 24 h following the treatment. Different methods of GA application (spray, injection, capillary wick, and excised leaf systems) produced similar effects on SPS activity of soybean leaves. Protein synthesis in soybean leaves appeared to be necessary for GA-promoted SPS activity because gibberellic acid only partially reversed the inhibitory effect of pretreatment with cycloheximide. Levels of SPS protein from crude extracts of spinach plants were measured by a dot blot technique using monoclonal antibodies against SPS. Application of gibberellic acid to spinach leaves increased levels of SPS protein 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d after treatment. The results suggest that, in both soybean and spinach, GA is one of the endogenous hormonal factors that regulate the steady-state level of SPS protein and, hence, its activity.
Trapped electrons in aluminosilicates (1969)

B. R. T. Garrett, I. R. Leith and J. J. Rooney, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 222 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000222
Sarcomatoid-variant Renal Cell Carcinoma (2010)

Metastatic sarcomatoid-variant RCC was associated with a poor response to systemic therapy. Sunitinib treatment resulted in a modest response rate, but studies to characterize the underlying tumor biology of sarcomatoid-variant RCC, to assess outcome to targeted agents, and to develop novel treatment strategies are warranted.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of ribonuclease H from <i>Thermus thermophilus HB8</i> (1993)

Ribonuclease H from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, has been crystallized from solutions at low ionic strength. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P6(1)22 (or P6(5)22), with unit cell parameters a = b = 44.7 A, c = 314.7 A. They contain one 18,000 Mr molecule per asymmetric unit and diffract to 2.8 A resolution.
A pathway from chromosome transfer to engineering resulting in human and mouse artificial chromosomes for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges (2015)

Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) is a technique to transfer a chromosome from defined donor cells into recipient cells and to manipulate chromosomes as gene delivery vectors and open a new avenue in somatic cell genetics. However, it is difficult to uncover the function of a single specific gene via the transfer of an entire chromosome or fragment, because each chromosome or fragment contains a set of numerous genes. Thus, alternative tools are human artificial chromosome (HAC) and mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors, which can carry a gene or genes of interest. HACs/MACs have been generated mainly by either a "top-down approach" (engineered creation) or a "bottom-up approach" (de novo creation). HACs/MACs with one or more acceptor sites exhibit several characteristics required by an ideal gene delivery vector, including stable episomal maintenance and the capacity to carry large genomic loci plus their regulatory elements, thus allowing the physiological regulation of the introduced gene in a manner similar to that of native chromosomes. The MMCT technique is also applied for manipulating HACs and MACs in donor cells and delivering them to recipient cells. This review describes the lessons learned and prospects identified from studies on the construction of HACs and MACs, and their ability to drive exogenous gene expression in cultured cells and transgenic animals via MMCT. New avenues for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges are also proposed.
Classification of ascoideaceous yeasts based on the electrophoretic comparison of enzymes and coenzymes Q systems. (1986)

Sixty one strains of ascoideaceous yeasts belonging to twenty species of nine genera were examined from a taxonomical viewpoint based on a study of the electrophoretic comparison of the enzymes and the coenzymes Q (Co-Q) systems. The fifty strains, excluding those yeasts in which the detected number of enzymes was 3 or less, were divided into 4 clusters and 2 subclusters by numerical analysis of the relative electrophoretic mobilities (Rm) of 8 enzymes. On the other hand, the Co-Q systems of the ascoideaceous yeasts were Q-7, Q-8, or Q-9. These Co-Q systems and the septal ultrastructures coincided with each other. It is possible to divide these yeasts into four groups on the basis of similarity value according to the Rm of 8 enzymes: Saccharomycopsis lipolytica, other Saccharomycopsis spp. and related genera, Hyphopichia burtonii and/or Stephanoascus ciferrii, and Ambrosiozyma and Hormoascus. Saccharomycopsis lipolytica should be excluded from the genus Saccharomycopsis and is assigned to the genus Yarrowia. Ambrosiozyma and Hormoascus are considered to be cogeneric. Our data revealed close taxonomic relationship in the numerical classification based on the Rm of enzymes, Co-Q systems, and the septal ultrastructure.
Functional expression of l-fucokinase/guanosine 5′-diphosphate-l-fucose pyrophosphorylase from Bacteroides fragilis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of nucleotide sugars from exogenous monosaccharides (2011)

The biosynthesis of glycoconjugates requires the relevant glycosyltransferases and nucleotide sugars that can act as donors. Given the biological importance of posttranslational glycosylation, a facile, robust and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars is highly desirable. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of nucleotide sugars from corresponding monosaccharides in a highly efficient manner via metabolic engineering, using an enzymatic approach. This method exploits l-fucokinase/guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-l-fucose (L-Fuc) pyrophosphorylase (FKP), a bifunctional enzyme isolated from Bacteroides fragilis 9343, which converts l-Fuc into GDP-L-Fuc via an L-Fuc-1-phosphate intermediate. Because L-Fuc and d-arabinose (D-Ara) are structurally similar, it is assumed that the biosynthesis of GDP-D-Ara in a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain harboring the FKP gene can occur through a mechanism akin to that of GDP-L-Fuc via the salvage pathway. Thus, we reasoned that by exogenously supplying different monosaccharides structurally related to L-Fuc, it should be possible to produce the corresponding nucleotide sugars with this recombinant yeast strain, regardless of internal acquisition of nucleotide sugars through expression of additive enzymes in the de novo pathway.
Central Role for B Lymphocytes and CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells in Immunity to Infection by the Attaching and Effacing Pathogen <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> (2003)

Citrobacter rodentium, an attaching-effacing bacterial pathogen, establishes an acute infection of the murine colonic epithelium and induces a mild colitis in immunocompetent mice. This study describes the role of T-cell subsets and B lymphocytes in immunity to C. rodentium. C57Bl/6 mice orally infected with C. rodentium resolved infection within 3 to 4 weeks. Conversely, systemic and colonic tissues of RAG1(-/-) mice orally infected with C. rodentium contained high and sustained pathogen loads, and in the colon this resulted in a severe colitis. C57Bl/6 mice depleted of CD4(+) T cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, were highly susceptible to infection and also developed severe colitis. Mice depleted of CD4(+) T cells also had diminished immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses to two C. rodentium virulence-associated determinants, i.e., EspA and intimin, despite having a massively increased pathogen burden. Mice with an intact T-cell compartment, but lacking B cells ( micro MT mice), were highly susceptible to C. rodentium infection. Systemic immunity, but not mucosal immunity, could be restored by adoptive transfer of convalescent immune sera to infected micro MT mice. Adoptive transfer of immune B cells, but not naïve B cells, provided highly variable immunity to recipient micro MT mice. The results suggest that B-cell-mediated immune responses are central to resolution of a C. rodentium infection but that the mechanism through which this occurs requires further investigation. These data are relevant to understanding immunity to enteric attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens of humans.
INDUCTION OF ANTIBODIES BY BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS CAPABLE OF INHIBITING RESPONSES IN MLC1 (1983)

B6AF1 (H-2KbkDbd) mice were transfused weekly with 0.1 ml of whole blood from DBA/2 (H-2d) mice. One week after each transfusion, the mice were bled and the sera were collected and pooled. The presence of antiidiotypic antibodies in these sera was investigated using the mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition test, in which spleen cells from normal B6AF1 mice were treated with sera from transfused B6AF1 mice, washed, and then tested for their responses to DBA/2 stimulator cells. The sera collected following 3 and 4 transfusions caused a significant inhibition of responses in MLC, but sera obtained after 1 and 2 transfusions caused little or no inhibition. This inhibition was specific for stimulator cells from the blood donor (DBA/2) and was not observed against third-party SJL (H-2s) stimulator cells. In addition, the suppressive effect in MLC was specific for responder cells from the recipient B6AF1 mice, and no suppression was observed with responder cells from C3H (H-2k) and SJL mice. Treatment of DBA/2 stimulator cells with the serum caused no inhibition in MLC. The MLC inhibitory activity of the serum decreased gradually from the first to the third week following 4 transfusions, although a significant inhibition was still demonstrable after 3 weeks. These findings suggest that multiple blood transfusions induce antiidiotypic antibodies that can block the T cell antigen-specific receptors and cause suppression of the recipient's responses against the donor's alloantigens in MLC.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: CT findings during partial liquid ventilation. (1997)

To describe the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of perflubron-filled lungs during partial liquid ventilation to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome, scans of the thorax were obtained in nine patients between June 1994 and December 1995. The distribution of perflubron was gravity dependent in four patients, with a mean interval of 6.25 days between scanning and perflubron administration; was patchy in four patients (mean interval, 16 days); and was homogeneous in one patient (interval, 3 days). Extraparenchymal perflubron was seen in intrathoracic lymph nodes (n = 4), supraclavicular nodes (n = 2), axillary nodes (n = 1), and both the retroperitoneum and the mediastinum (n = 2). In one patient, perflubron was seen in a pneumatocele and the pleural space. The distribution of perflubron in the lungs is typically gravity dependent.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Aqueous Uranyl Interactions with Quartz (010) (2002)

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the structure and dynamics of the uranyl ion and its aquo, hydroxy, and carbonato complexes in bulk water and near the hydrated quartz (010) surface. All simulations were performed in the constant (NVT) ensemble with three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions, and a slab technique was used to model the quartz−water interface. The uranyl coordination shell exhibits pentagonal bipyramidal symmetry, with carbonate and hydroxide ions readily replacing water molecules in the first shell. Radial distribution functions of the hydroxy and carbonato complexes are characterized by a consistent splitting in the equatorial shell, caused by the close proximity of hydroxide and carbonate oxygen atoms. Average U−O distances are 2.31−2.35 Å for hydroxide ions, 2.35−2.39 Å for carbonate ions, and 2.49−2.55 Å for water molecules. Two protonation states of the quartz surface were considered for adsorption simulations: singly protonated and partially deprotonated. Surface complexes formed only when the initial uranyl position was close to the surface; otherwise, a diffuse species was observed. Outer-sphere surface complexes formed at the singly protonated surface and are characterized by hydrogen bonding between a coordinating water molecule and the surface. Inner-sphere surface complexes formed at the partially deprotonated surface, with water and surface oxygen atoms equidistant to the uranium atom. In both types of surface complex, splitting of the equatorial shell of the uranyl ion was due to the presence of hydroxide or carbonate ions in the first coordination shell.