gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opaque document imaging: building images of inaccessible texts (2005)

This paper introduces a method for building a readable image of an opaque, rolled or folded text from a volumetric, penetrating scan. The problem is framed by localizing, constructing, and manipulating an image induced by a surface embedded in a 3D voxel space. There are two central contributions that lead to the demonstrated results. First is an energy-based texture formation algorithm, which is a function of voxel intensities and the geometry of the embedded surface. Second is a regularization algorithm based on a constrained mapping of the embedded surface to a regularized image plane. The mapping preserves angles and lengths, which minimizes the distortion of text in the image. The experimental results show readable images derived from custom, high resolution (X-ray-based) CT scans of rolled papyrus and ink samples. These methods are significant for scholars seeking to study inaccessible texts, and may lead to viable techniques for scanning everyday opaque objects (books) without opening them.
Functionalized Conducting Polymer as an Enzyme-Immobilizing Substrate:  An Amperometric Glutamate Microbiosensor for in Vivo Measurements (2005)

The functionalized conducting polymer (CP) of 5, 2':5', 2' '-terthiophene-3'-carboxylic acid on a platinum microelectrode was prepared through the electropolymerization process using cyclic voltammetry and was used as a substrate for the immobilization of enzymes. The nanoparticles of the CP were obtained at a high scan rate in the cyclic voltammetric experiment. A needle-type amperometric glutamate microbiosensor based on the covalent immobilization of glutamate oxidase (GlOx) onto the CP layer was fabricated for in vivo measurements. The surfaces of the CP/Pt and GlOx/CP/Pt were characterized by QCM, ESCA, and AFM. The biosensor efficiently detected glutamate through the oxidation of enzymatically generated H2O2 at approximately +0.45 V versus Ag/AgCl. Various experimental parameters, such as pH, temperature, and the applied potential in the detection step were optimized. The interference effects from other biological compounds were examined, and ascorbate and dopamine interferences were observed, which were completely minimized by coimmobilizing ascorbate oxidase and by coating the sensor surface with a cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine. A linear calibration plot for glutamate was obtained between 0.2 and 100 microM with a detection limit of 0.1 +/- 0.03 microM. The proposed glutamate microbiosensor was successfully used for in vivo monitoring of the extracellular glutamate released by cocaine stimulation.
Noise mapping in urban environments: Application at Suez city center (2009)

Noise in cities has increased in the past decades, due to a growing urban development. In the last century, population movement to the greater cities, disorder planned city development and increase of the motor vehicle in the traffic have been produced noise pollution and other environmental problems. Management and reduction or urban noise has been called for in urban development plans. Noise community ordinances have been approved at national and local levels in various countries of the world. They usually establish noise limits for various activities and zones, according to the land uses, and define the basis of noise management strategies. It is required to draw noise maps, as a noise management tool, to be integrated in the Land Use Plans and to be used as a basis for noise reduction plans where the noise levels exceed maximum prescribed levels. Noise mapping in large urban areas presents methodological and financial hindrances due to both the technical complexity involved and to the amount of human and technical resources that are necessary. In some cases, noise pollution can be more important than the other environmental problems. The most important factor which affects the noise pollution is the mistakes taken place during the application of the city plans due to different political and social factors. In this investigation, effect of the application of city plan (use of ideal usage on the road and building areas, and ratio between buildings and green areas) on noise pollution was studied. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) plays an important role in the noise mapping. Noise pollution map of Suez city center in Egypt using GIS has been presented with the 400 sampling point selected on main roads in the city centre. A marked effect of increasing building levels on indoor noise pollution has been also found near the main roads. Problems are highlighted and discussed, especially those regarding the optimization of data quality and data management, the accuracy of the results and the benefits for the acoustical environment.
The Twin Engines of School Reform for the 1990s: The School Sites and National Coalitions (1994)

The school sites and national coalitions are projected as major players in this decade's restructuring efforts to help transform our society from a goods to a knowledge-work economy. As school sites are provided both autonomy and accountability for school improvement and as the need for student self-directed learning becomes more imperative, principal-teacher and teacher-student relationships will be transformed. Due to political, economic, and school-related pressures, principals and teachers will become collegial problem-solvers as school sites function largely as self-administrated units. As information technology makes knowledge more accessible and less controllable through textbooks, teachers and students will form classroom learning communities. The United States is entering a nationalizing of education era as national coalitions become major players on the school reform stage. These coalitions will provide student assessment systems and new workplace designs for schooling. Within this national framework, school-site personnel will craft personalized learning environments. After 100 years of standard design, schools will become different. Implications are then made for principal training and for the principal associations.
Surface Exploration Case Histories: Applications of Geochemistry, Magnetics, and Remote Sensing (2002)

Surface Exploration Case Histories: Applications of Geochemistry, Magnetics, and Remote Sensing provides an overview of successful applications of surface exploration methods. Through a series of independent case histories, this volume presents clearly documented evidence that demonstrates how surface exploration methods can significantly reduce exploration risk and finding costs: geochemical, magnetic, and remote sensing. The 19 chapters in this volume reflect the broad scope of applications for these methods: frontier basin reconnaissance, prospect development, prospect evaluation, and field development and production. The case histories span the globe: 1. North America 2. Africa 3. South America 4. Europe 5. Middle East 6. Australia. This book will interest explorationists and managers who seek to get the most out of each exploration dollar.
HRRT Versus HR+ Human Brain PET Studies: An Interscanner Test–Retest Study (2009)

Higher values of pharmacokinetic parameter values, obtained from HRRT versus HR+ PET studies, indicate improved HRRT PET quantification primarily due to a reduction in partial-volume effects.
Efficacy of two antibiotic treatments in curing clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows (1998)

The bacteriological cure rate of mastitis caused by major Gram-positive pathogens, the clinical cure rate, somatic cell count and conductivity did not differ between the two antibiotic treatments. .
The Presidency and Management Improvement (1970)

In its final report of December, 1952, the President's Advisory Committee on Management concluded that there was "no single, sure-fire, and practicable panacea to guarantee the improvement of management in the Federal Government.The Federal establishment is so varied that no uniform program would be feasible or desirable.Rather, the aim should be to keep unrelenting pressure on administrators to devise and adopt programs suited to the tasks under their jurisdictions.'What is needed to improve federal management, the Committee asserted, are the following ingredients: a chief that "cares about getting a job done," adequate machinery and staff, a management system that produces results, and systematic review and appraisal of performance.The story of management improvement in federal government is mainly an account of how successive efforts since 1921 to improve the quality of federal management have failed or have fallen far short of their objectives. THE INITIAL PROGRAMS FOR MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTThe basic statutory authority for management improvement is found in the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which provides in section 2o9 that the Bureau of the Budget, when directed by the President, shall make studies of departments and agencies to enable the President to determine what changes shall be made in their organization, activities, methods of business, appropriations, assignment of functions, and regrouping of services.During the 192o's and i93o's there were less than ioo positions in the Bureau, and little attention was given to management.In 1937, the President's Committee on Administrative Management made a major effort to grapple with problems of organization and management in the executive branch.The Committee proposed to fix responsibility on the President to take the initiative in improving management in the departments and agencies and devised the reorganization plan as the method of reorganization.In the Committee's judgment, it was essential that central executive direction pursue "day after day and year after year, in season and out of season, the task of cutting costs, of improving the service, and of raising the standards of performance." 2 In x939,
Effect of Organic Acids Inhibition on Anaerobic Fermentation by Actinobacillus succinogenes (2009)

通过在发酵培养基中分别添加不同浓度的丁二酸、甲酸和乙酸,考察了3种有机酸对茵体生长及代谢产物积累的影响.结果表明,在初始葡萄糖浓度为40 g/L厌氧发酵产丁二酸体系中,甲酸抑制作用最强,乙酸次之,丁二酸无明显抑制作用.当甲酸和乙酸总浓度超过13.70 g/L时,菌体开始衰亡.利用膜循环生物反应器在发酵过程甲酸和乙酸总浓度达到13.70 g/L时移出部分抑制性代谢产物,有效地降低了有机酸对A.succinogenes NJ113生长代谢的抑制作用,丁二酸生产强度达1.70 g/(L·h),比分批发酵提高了17.2%.
The MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC)-II study of common practices for the development and validation of microarray-based predictive models (2020)

Gene expression data from microarrays are being applied to predict preclinical and clinical endpoints, but the reliability of these predictions has not been established. In the MAQC-II project, 36 independent teams analyzed six microarray data sets to generate predictive models for classifying a sample with respect to one of 13 endpoints indicative of lung or liver toxicity in rodents, or of breast cancer, multiple myeloma or neuroblastoma in humans. In total, >30,000 models were built using many combinations of analytical methods. The teams generated predictive models without knowing the biological meaning of some of the endpoints and, to mimic clinical reality, tested the models on data that had not been used for training. We found that model performance depended largely on the endpoint and team proficiency and that different approaches generated models of similar performance. The conclusions and recommendations from MAQC-II should be useful for regulatory agencies, study committees and independent investigators that evaluate methods for global gene expression analysis.
Irreversible Ligands as Probes for Drug Receptors (1991)

Electrophilic and photoactivated agents have proven to be useful as receptor-selective irreversible probes. These compounds are generally derivatives of selected ligands that may be chemically modified in such a way as to retain high receptor affinity and selectivity while permitting covalent bonding to the receptor protein. The receptor systems described in this chapter are associated with a variety of classes of abused drugs. These irreversible agents are allowing the isolation and purification of these drug receptors to improve our understanding of their physiological and pharmacological properties and to aid us in better design of agents with therapeutic value without abuse or physical dependence liability. In the opioid field, beta-FNA and SUPERFIT have been successfully used to elucidate structure and function of the mu-, kappa-, and delta-receptors, respectively. Recently, the delta- and kappa-subtype selective irreversible ligands naltrindol and UPHIT have been introduced for receptor subtype studies that are designed to further clarify the physiological function of these sites. The PCP recognition site on the NMDA receptor complex and the sigma receptors have been characterized in part by the use of irreversible agents. These receptors, although sharing similar pharmacological properties, are clearly different systems and the irreversible agents described will allow their further characterization. The central-type benzodiazepine receptors have been labeled with irreversible agents; and, now, receptor subsites that differentially recognize beta-carbolines and benzodiazepines have been discovered through studies using a beta-carboline photoaffinity probe. The associated chloride ionophore has been studied with electrophilic irreversible ligands, as well as the pharmacologically distinct peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors. Physiological function of the latter receptor system has been implicated through the photoaffinity ligand PK 14105, which is highly selective for these sites. Receptor subtype selective irreversible ligands also have been prepared for both the dopamine and sertonin receptors systems in hopes of clarifying their physiological roles in the CNS. It is clear that more selective irreversible compounds with higher affinity will continue to be in demand for further receptor characterization. In addition, radioligands with higher specific activity will continue to be important for molecular weight determination of receptor proteins and autoradiographic studies key to neuroanatomical localization of these sites.
Skin impedance and moisturization (1975)

the in vivo evaluation of the HYDRATION state of STRATUM CORNEUM on human subjects are presented. The DIELECTRIC properties of HUMAN SKIN have been investigated over a wide range of frequencies (2 Hz-15 GHz). From stripping experiments it has been established that the low frequency IMPEDANCE (2 Hz-1 K_Hz) is located almost entirely in the HORNY LAYER. Skin impedance measurements have been carried out in relative humidity (rh)-controlled conditions using matched electrodes. An increase in the rh of the environment (at constant T o) causes an increase in the moisture content of the stratum corneum which is demonstrated by a decrease in impedance. The effect of MOISTURIZING ingredients can be demonstrated by comparison of impedance values before and after treatment with the ingredient in a convenient vehicle. Lasting and long-term effects are also assessed by measuring the time-course of the impedance value during the hours or days following a treatment. In skin not protected against dehydration, a decrease of the rh of the environment provokes an increase in the impedance. A BARRIER CREAM will act against dehydration, thus giving rise to a lesser increase in impedance. A procedure of testing protective creams is drawn from this experiment. A tentative interpretation of the relationship between hydration and skin impedance is proposed on the basis of the experimental results.
The perplexing question of trained immunity vs adaptive memory in COVID‐19 (2020)

The wide spectrum of symptoms observed in coronavirus disease 2019 appears to defy explanation. Apart from geographic limitation to people with prior exposure to other coronaviruses and air pollutants, inflammatory comorbidities and older ages are also among the main factors of susceptibility to severe illness. The unusual epidemiological data pointed out in children and African territories have revealed new insights in host-pathogen interplay with more focus on epigenetic regulation of cognitive compartments belonging to innate immunity. Should trained immunity be proven to be involved in timely immune responsiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and that adaptive memory could be detrimental, both treatment regimens and vaccine design will tremendously change accordingly with more focus on upper respiratory tissue innate immunity to subdue this threat underway.
Computer‐Aided Molecular Design of Hydrogen Bond Equivalents of Nucleobases: Theoretical Study of Substituent Effects on the Hydrogen Bond Energies of Nucleobase Pairs (2003)

Abstract Substituent effects on the hydrogen bond energies of Watson−Crick‐type base pairs, formed between a chemically modified nucleic acid base derivative and an unmodified one, were evaluated by ab initio molecular orbital theory. Different trends were observed in the relationship between the substituent and the hydrogen bond energy in each base pair. The predicted hydrogen bond energies correlated well with the experimentally measured binding properties, and so ab initio calculation appears to be an effective method with which to estimate the stabilities of base pairs between chemically modified nucleic acid bases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Electro-tactile device for texture simulation (2012)

The research goal is material texture simulation by means of electro-tactile stimuli. This paper presents a novel tactile display, the procedure adopted to generate the stimulating signals, and the experimental testing. The tactile system elaborates data from scans of real material samples and generates electrical stimuli to reproduce roughness and texture coarseness sensations. It also adds a coherent sound feedback to improve the realism of the simulation. The research defines an experimental protocol to carry out system calibration and tests with users in order to validate the proposed tactile system as a new tool for material simulation. Experimentations have been carried out to measure the users' response to different material classes (wood, paper, rubber, textile fabric). Experimental results concern how good the adopted simulation approach is and the tactile stimuli simulated by the system are. Main findings relate to the system performance and the users' response in terms of signal recognition and material class discrimination.
Electromotive force series in molten salts (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectromotive force series in molten saltsJames A. PlambeckCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1967, 12, 1, 77–82Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60032a023https://doi.org/10.1021/je60032a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A basic study on power storage capacitor systems (1996)

Abstract Storage batteries or pumped hydraulic power stations have been used to store electric energy. However, there are problems with storage batteries, e.g., long charging time, limited cycle life, low Coulomb efficiency, and inaccurate residual power meters. Because of these problems, practical power applications have not been achieved. To solve these problems, a complex system of capacitors and electronic circuits called the ECS (Energy Capacitor System) is proposed. The capacitor part of the ECS is a group of electric double‐layer capacitors of increased energy density. The circuits part is built around switching regulators. Although the capacitors alone are not capable of delivering stable output, the accompanying circuits compensate for various characteristics throughout the charge and discharge cycle. This combination of capacitors and electronic circuits increases the energy density by about 16 times that of the conventional electric double‐layer capacitors, close to the level of lead‐acid batteries but with lower output resistance and better voltage stability. The ECS inherently features short charging time, very long cycle life, and good Coulomb efficiency. The cells are completely sealed and made from materials which are not harmful to the environment.
The common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) and its applicability to federal agency systems (2007)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's
Vancomycin in Combination with Other Antibiotics for the Treatment of Serious Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Infections (2009)

Vancomycin is often combined with a second antibiotic, most often rifampin or gentamicin, for the treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Published data from experiments evaluating these and other vancomycin-based combinations, both in vitro and in animal models of infection, often yield inconsistent results, however. More importantly, no data are available from randomized clinical trials to support their use, and some regimens are known to have potential toxicities. Clinicians should carefully reconsider the use of vancomycin-based combination therapies for the treatment of infection due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Flexible integrated gasification co-generation facilities A technical and energy analysis (2009)

The aim of this study was to identify and analyse the technical and energy impacts of feedstock and product flexibility on integrated gasification co-generation facilities (IGCF) using current commercial ready technologies. The evaluation was twofold: 1) to identifying bottlenecks and possible de-bottleneck solutions and 2) to analyse flexibility effects on overall plant performance. Results indicate that flexibility is technically possible. Overall plant performance shows a minor drop in efficiency when switching from coal to Eucalyptus. When using torrefied biomass this drop almost completely disappears.