gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Tuning of the PID Controller for a Digital Excitation Control System (2009)

This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the PID controller gains. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing the Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. Recursive Least Square (RLS) with linearization via feedback is proposed to identify the system parameters. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
Inheritance of Resistance to Mexican Bean Weevil in Common Bean, Determined by Bioassay and Biochemical Tests (1993)

Arcelin, a seed protein discovered in wild Phaseolus vulgaris L. accessions, gives high levels of resistance to the Mexican Bean Weevil [MBW; Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman)]. Five arcelin variants have been described. To better understand the genetic control of arcelin and MBW resistance, an inheritance study was conducted. Bioassay tests for insect response, and biochemical lasts to detect the presence‐absence of arcelin, were performed on the same individual seed. Accessions G12952 (arc‐4) and G02771 (arc‐5) had the highest level of resistance to MBW with no adults emerging from infested seed. Resistance was also found in G12882 (arc‐1) and G12866 (arc‐2), while G12922 (arc‐3) and the commercial cultivar, Pijao, were susceptible to the insect. The genetic study confirmed that all arcelin variants were inherited as a single dominant gene based on biochemical evaluations for presence‐absence of arcelin. Nevertheless, in bioassay tests with MBW, only crosses with arc‐1 and arc‐5 showed a single, completely dominant gene mode of inheritance, with the presence of arcelin being highly associated with resistance to the insect. For arc‐1 and arc‐5, biochemical tests can be reliably used to select for MBW resistance. For arc‐2, a combination of biochemical and bioassay tests is needed. As arc‐4 segregated few resistant individuals, and arc‐3 gave only intermediate to susceptible offspring, the use of these two arcelin variants is not recommended in a routine resistance breeding program. Electrophoretic patterns and bioassay tests of F 1 and F 2 generations showed that arc‐5 and arc‐1 variants are inherited as a single unit and are codominant.
A technical modification for percutaneous tracheostomy: prospective case series study on one hundred patients (2011)

The purpose of this study is to describe a technical modification of percutaneous tracheostomy that combines principles of the Percu Twist™ and the Griggs-Portex® methods in a reusable kit. One hundred patients underwent the procedure. There were no false passage, tube misplacement, or deaths related to the procedure. There were two minor bleedings managed conservatively. The technical modification described in this study is safe and simple to execute.
Thin-film Materials for Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2013)

Thin-film materials for solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries were fabricated by physical vapor deposition. The cathode is a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) film, separated from the anode (metallic lithium) by an electrolyte of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON). The LiCoO 2 was deposited by RF sputtering, annealed after deposition and x-ray diffraction patterns showed higher crystallinity with 2 hours of annealing in vacuum with a temperature of 650 ºC. LiPON was deposited by reactive RF sputtering (nitrogen) and metallic lithium by thermal evaporation. Ionic conductivity of LiPON films was measured at room temperature of 26 ºC and 6.3x10 E7 S.cm -1 obtained. Electrical resistivity of a 3 µm thickness lithium film was 7.6x10 E8 §Ù.m, measured during deposition.
Visual Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism with Hairpin Oligonucleotide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

We report a simple, fast, and sensitive approach for visual detection of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based on hairpin oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticle (HO-Au-NP) and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB). The results presented here expand on prior work ( Mao , X. , Xu , H. , Zeng , Q. , Zeng , L. , and Liu , G. Chem. Commun. 2009 , 3065-3067 .) by providing new approach to prepare HO-Au-NP conjugates with a deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) blocker, which shortens the preparation time of the conjugates from 50 to 8 h and lowers the detection limit 500 times. A hairpin oligonucleotide modified with a thiol at the 5'-end and a biotin at the 3'-end was conjugated with Au-NP through a self-assembling process. Following a blocking step with dATP, the hairpin structure of HO and dATP embed the biotin groups, and make the biotin groups in close proximity to the Au-NP surface, leading to the biotins being "inactive". The strategy of detecting SNP depends on the unique molecular recognition properties of HO to the perfect-matched DNA and single-base-mismatched DNA to generate different quantities of "active" biotin groups on the Au-NP surface. After hybridization reactions, the Au-NPs associated with the activated biotins are captured on the test zone of LFSB via the specific reaction between the activated biotin and preimmobilized streptavidin. Accumulation of Au-NPs produces the characteristic red bands, enabling visual detection of SNP. The preparations of HO-Au-NP conjugates with dATP and the parameters of assay were optimized systematically, and the abilities of detecting SNP were examined in details. The current approach is capable of discriminating as low as 10 pM of perfect-matched DNA and single-base-mismatched DNA within 25 min without instrumentation. Moreover, the approach provides a lower background and higher selectivity compared to the current molecular beacon-based SNP detection. The protocol should facilitate the simple, fast, and cost-effective screening of important SNPs and could readily find wide applications in molecular diagnosis laboratories and in point-of-care testing (field testing).
THE COSTS OF BIRDSTRIKES TO COMMERCIAL AVIATION (2001)

Collisions between birds (and other wildlife) and aircraft are known to cause substantial losses to the aviation industry in terms of damage and delays every year. Techniques exist to control bird numbers on airfields and hence to reduce the numbers of wildlife strikes but they are applied at widely different levels from airport to airport. Some of this variation may be due to differing levels of strike risk at the different sites, but much of it is due to the unwillingness or inability of the airports concerned to invest in birdstrike prevention. Part of the reason for this reluctance to invest in airport bird control is a lack of understanding of the true costs involved to the airlines in terms of direct damage to aircraft and in delays and cancellations. Previous estimates of the cost of birdstrikes have concentrated on measurable repair costs and have not been able to assign costs to aircraft delays. This paper uses newly available data from major international airlines to provide the first estimate for the total cost of birdstrikes to the world’s commercial airline fleet. Some of the data are commercially confidential and some of the sources cannot, therefore, be quoted nor the accuracy of the data verified. The estimates also rely on information from a very small number of airlines to produce extrapolations for the world wide costs of damage and delays. Although the data sources are major international carriers, and as representative as possible of the world birdstrike problem as a whole, the results should be interpreted with a suitable level of caution. A tentative estimate of US$1.2 billion in damage and delays to commercial airlines for 1999 has been produced using this calculation. This does not include damage to general aviation aircraft or helicopters. This paper refines that estimation based on a more complete data set for 1999 plus the full data set for 2000. The revised figure of US$ 1.28 billion (range US$ 1.21 – US$ 1.36 billion) per year is also presented as cost per flight and cost per strike to allow other carriers to estimate the costs to their operation. These costs are compared with examples of the costs of bird control programmes from various parts of the world. Clear cases of the ability to invest money in bird control and save a greater sum in reduced birdstrike costs are identified. Reasons for the industry’s failure to invest further to reduce the costs of birdstrikes are examined.
No effect on cognitive function from daily mobile phone use (2005)

The increasing use of mobiles phones (MP) has raised the problem of the effects of daily electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure on human health. To date several studies have been published concerning the effects of acute MP exposure on psychomotor performances. This study investigated the effects of daily exposure to GSM 900 type MP on cognitive function. Fifty-five subjects (27 male and 28 female) were divided into two groups: a group with MP switched on and a group with MP switched off. The two groups were matched according to age, gender, and IQ. This double blind study lasted for 45 days and was divided in three periods: baseline (BLP, 2 days), exposure (EP, 27 days), and recovery (RP, 13 days). Subjects were exposed during EP and sham exposed during RP for 2 h/day, 5 days/week. The neuropsychological test battery composed of 22 tasks screened four neuropsychological categories: information processing, attention capacity, memory function, and executive function. This neuropsychological battery was performed four times on day 2 (BLP), day 15 (EP), day 29 (EP), and day 43 (RP). Our results indicate that daily MP use has no effect on cognitive function after a 13-h rest period.
Closure of the "non-healing wound" corresponds with correction of weight loss using the anabolic agent oxandrolone. (1998)

We studied the relationship between restoration of weight loss and healing of the "non-healing wound." Eight consecutive patients with large "non-healing wounds" of an average of 12 months duration, despite good local wound care, were studied. All had a weight loss of 10 percent or more of body weight, mainly lean body mass. Optimizing nutrition (4 weeks) did not significantly increase weight or healing. The addition of the oral anabolic agent oxandrolone increased restoration of weight (4 lbs/week) over a 12-week period. Five wounds completely closed and three closed by 75 percent during this period. We noted a significant correlation (r = 0.67) between restoration of weight loss and closure of the previously "non-healing wound." The rate of wound healing was most prominent after 50 percent of weight loss had been restored. This finding reflects the key relationship between restoring body weight, body protein stores, and wound healing.
Touch play pool: Touch gesture interaction for mobile multifunction devices (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a novel touch interaction method that reduces chances of incorrect touch inputs and enhances user experience by means of a rich array of device feedback. A model prototype of this method can include a display and adjacent areas that are divided into “menu zone” and “execution zone”. The touch dragging-in/out action between the two zones is supported for user-system interaction.
The Distribution Free Newsboy Problem: Review and Extensions (1993)

We present here a new, very compact, proof of the optimality of Scarf's ordering rule for the newsboy problem where only the mean and the variance of the demand are known. We then extend the analysis to the recourse case, where there is a second purchasing opportunity; to the fixed ordering cost case, where a fixed cost is charged for placing an order; to the case of random yields; and to the multi-item case, where multiple items compete for a scarce resource.
Analog Module Architecture for Space-Qualified Field-Programmable Mixed-Signal Arrays (1999)

Spacecraft require all manner of both digital and analog circuits. Onboard digital systems are constructed almost exclusively from field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits providing numerous advantages over discrete design including high integration density, high reliability, fast turn-around design cycle time, lower mass, volume, and power consumption, and lower parts acquisition and flight qualification costs. Analog and mixed-signal circuits perform tasks ranging from housekeeping to signal conditioning and processing. These circuits are painstakingly designed and built using discrete components due to a lack of options for field-programmability. FPAA (Field-Programmable Analog Array) and FPMA (Field-Programmable Mixed-signal Array) parts exist but not in radiation-tolerant technology and not necessarily in an architecture optimal for the design of analog circuits for spaceflight applications. This paper outlines an architecture proposed for an FPAA fabricated in an existing commercial digital CMOS process used to make radiation-tolerant antifuse-based FPGA devices. The primary concerns are the impact of the technology and the overall array architecture on the flexibility of programming, the bandwidth available for high-speed analog circuits, and the accuracy of the components for high-performance applications.
Spin-dependent interface transmission and reflection in magnetic multilayers (invited) (1996)

First-principles calculations of transmission and reflection from Ag/Fe, Au/Fe, Cu/Co, and Cu/Ni interfaces show very strong spin dependence that differs significantly from expectations based on free electron approximations. The results can be used to understand both the giant magnetoresistance and the oscillatory exchange coupling observed in magnetic multilayers of these materials. The spin dependence of the reflection probabilities is strong enough to give a large giant magnetoresistance even if there is no spin-dependent defect scattering. The calculated reflection amplitudes determine the strength of the oscillatory exchange coupling.
Disposition and Metabolism of [<sup>3H</sup>Cocaine in Acutely and Chronically treated Dogs (1976)

1. Beagle dogs were chronically treated with cocaine, 5 mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for 6 weeks, followed by same dose of [3H]cocaine given intravenously. 2. The t1/2 values of cocaine in plasma, liver, spleen and heart, in acutely and chronically treated dogs, were: 1-2, 1-1; 2-2, 1-8; 1-8, 1-3; 2-0, 1-2 h, respectively. In both groups, cocaine disappeared from all areas of the central nervous system 12-24 h after injection but significant amounts of radioactivity due to benzoylnorecgonine and benzoylecgonine persisted in the CNS even 1 week after administration of cocaine. Brain-to-plasma ratios of cocaine were lower in chronically-treated than in acutely-treated dogs 2 and 4 h after injection. 3. Norcocaine, benzoylnorecgonine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine were metabolites of cocaine in dog brain in both groups. Norcocaine and benzoylnorecgonine were present in higher amounts in brains of chronically treated dogs. Rate of disappearance of norcocaine was similar to cocaine in both groups. 4. The amounts of cocaine excreted in urine and faeces as percentage of dose were 0-9-5-0, 1-1-6 in the acute and 2-2-3-3 and 0-2-0-3 in the chronically treated dogs. Major excretion of radiactivity occurred in urine within 24 h in both groups. Total radioactivity (65% of dose) in urine plus faeces was similar in both groups. 5. Norcocaine, benzoylnorecgonine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine, norecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and unidentified compounds were urinary metabolites of cocaine in both groups. Benzoylnorecgonine and ecgonine were excreted in higher amounts and benzoylecgonine and norecgonine in lower amounts in the acute than in the chronically treated dogs. 6. The possible role of persistence of benzoylnorecgonine and benzoylecgonine (which possessed potent stimulant activity intracisternally) in the CNS is discussed.
Energy-Efficient BLE Device Discovery for Internet of Things (2017)

As a short-range and peer-to-peer wireless communication technology, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) receives lots of attentions recently. By enabling discover devices in the proximity, BLE could support various mobile Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Obviously, device discovery plays an essential role on the trade-off between the number of devices discovered and the energy consumption for a mobile IoT device with a constrained resource. This paper subsequently proposes a smart device discovery mechanism, named sDiscovery, to adaptively adjust scan window and scan interval according to the variant of the environment. In particular, we record the identities of devices discovered during each scan window and find out the redundant ones. Intuitively, a larger number of redundant devices encountered implies a more stable environment. In this case, the number of unknown devices encountered becomes smaller and the scan window can be shortened as well as the scan interval can be enlarged to preserve energy. The simulation results show that sDiscovery outperforms the existing solution and conventional BLE mechanism from the perspective of power saving. Moreover, we verify the correctness of simulation model through experiments in TI CC2540 development board, where a prototype of the protocol is implemented.
Adobe InDesign CS4 (2009)

Getting Started 1. Introducing the Work Area 2. Getting to Know InDesign 3. Setting Up a Document and Working with Pages 4. Working with Frames 5. Importing and Editing Text 6. Working with Typography 7. Working with Color 8. Working with Styles 9. Importing and Modifying Graphics 10. Creating Tables 11. Working with Transparency 12. Working with Long Documents 13. Output and Exporting 14. Creating Rich Interactive Documents
Study on the Machining of Iron-Based Thermal Spray Coating for Sleeveless Engine Cylinder (2012)

In the cylinder of a sleeveless engine, molten iron-based alloy is directly sprayed onto the aluminum engine block instead of the previously used cast iron cylinder liner. However, a thermal spraying cylinder liner exhibits poor machining performance during the finish boring process because of severe tool wear. This research investigates the finish boring performance of a thermal spraying cylinder liner to clarify the root cause of tool wear. The results show that mechanical wear is a dominant effect.
Modelling of three-phase grid-connected inverters (2006)

Grid-connected inverters are key elements that interface the distributed energy sources with the grid. In this paper, a graphic modelling method based on switching flow graph is presented for modelling inverters, with a one-cycle controlled inverter as an example. This method features great simplicity and accuracy, and is compatible with dynamic system-simulation software, such as MATLAB. PSPICE simulations were conducted to verify the switching flow graph model in three cases: steady-state, step response and unbalanced voltage conditions. The results show that the discrepancy between the model and the PSPICE output is within 1.5%. In addition, experiments were conducted for the inverter under unbalanced conditions and the test results are very close to the prediction of the switching flow graph model. The inverter models can be incorporated into a power system simulation package to perform large system dynamic and stability analysis for systems containing inverters.
Skin-Derived C-Terminal Filaggrin-2 Fragments Are Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Directed Antimicrobials Targeting Bacterial Replication (2015)

Soil- and waterborne bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are constantly challenging body surfaces. Since infections of healthy skin are unexpectedly rare, we hypothesized that the outermost epidermis, the stratum corneum, and sweat glands directly control the growth of P. aeruginosa by surface-provided antimicrobials. Due to its high abundance in the upper epidermis and eccrine sweat glands, filaggrin-2 (FLG2), a water-insoluble 248 kDa S100 fused-type protein, might possess these innate effector functions. Indeed, recombinant FLG2 C-terminal protein fragments display potent antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and other Pseudomonads. Moreover, upon cultivation on stratum corneum, P. aeruginosa release FLG2 C-terminus-containing FLG2 fragments from insoluble material, indicating liberation of antimicrobially active FLG2 fragments by the bacteria themselves. Analyses of the underlying antimicrobial mechanism reveal that FLG2 C-terminal fragments do not induce pore formation, as known for many other antimicrobial peptides, but membrane blebbing, suggesting an alternative mode of action. The association of the FLG2 fragment with the inner membrane of treated bacteria and its DNA-binding implicated an interference with the bacterial replication that was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo replication assays. Probably through in situ-activation by soil- and waterborne bacteria such as Pseudomonads, FLG2 interferes with the bacterial replication, terminates their growth on skin surface and thus may contributes to the skin's antimicrobial defense shield. The apparent absence of FLG2 at certain body surfaces, as in the lung or of burned skin, would explain their higher susceptibility towards Pseudomonas infections and make FLG2 C-terminal fragments and their derivatives candidates for new Pseudomonas-targeting antimicrobials.
Use of N-chlorosuccinimide/urea for the selective cleavage of tryptophanyl peptide bonds in proteins. Cytochrome c. (1977)

The conditions and utility of the N-chlorosuccinimide/urea (NCS/urea) reagent for the selective cleavage of tryptophanyl peptide bonds in proteins is demonstrated with cytochrome c. At low concentrations of NCS/urea the oxidation of thioether side chains in cytochrome c is the predominant reaction. Methionyl residues are oxidized to sulfoxide and the heme-thioether bridge is partially cleaved. At 10-fold excess of NCS/urea reagent, cleavage of the tryptophanyl peptide bond is optimal at approximately 50% yield in several species of cytochrome c studied. Analytical data on isolated horse cytochrome c peptide fragments demonstrate lack of modification and cleavage at tyrosyl and histidyl residues. However, at high concentrations of NCS/urea reagent (30-fold) unexpected conversions of methionine to sulfone and cysteine to cysteic acid in intact proteins are observed. This is in contradistinction to the absence of sulfone in NCS/urea-reacted amino acid mixtures. The mechanisms of halogenation and cleavage by N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide, and N-chlorosuccinimide are discussed. It is porposed that the selectivity with respect to halogenation by N-chlorosuccinimide is due to the insignificant participation of molecular chlorine in the NCS/urea reaction. A mechanism of halogenation and cleavage by NCS at tryptophan is also offered.