gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists in a genetic animal model of primary paroxysmal dystonia (2001)

1. Recent studies have shown beneficial effects of an adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist in dt(sz) mutant hamsters, an animal model of paroxysmal dystonia, in which stress and consumption of coffee can precipitate dystonic attacks. This prompted us to examine the effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on severity of dystonia in dt(sz) hamsters in more detail. 2. The non-selective adenosine A(1)/A(2A) receptor antagonists, caffeine (10 - 20 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and theophylline (10 - 30 mg kg(-1) s.c.), worsened the dystonia in dt(sz) hamsters. 3. Aggravation of dystonia was also caused by the selective adenosine A(1)/A(2A) antagonist CGS 15943 (9-chloro2-2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine) at a dose of 30 mg kg(-1) i.p. and by the adenosine A(1) antagonist DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine; 20 - 30 mg kg(-1) i.p.), while the A(2) antagonist DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine; 2 - 4 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and the highly selective A(2A) antagonist ZM 241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol; 2 - 5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) failed to exert any effects on dystonia. 4. In contrast to the antagonists, both the adenosine A(1) receptor agonist CPA (N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; 0.1 - 1.0 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and the A(2A) agonist CGS 21680 (2p-(2carboxyethylphen-ethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamindoadenosine; 0.1 - 2.0 mg kg(-1) i.p.) exerted a striking improvement of dystonia. 5. These data suggest that the precipitating effects of methylxanthines are, at least in part, related to their adenosine receptor antagonistic action. 6. Although adenosine receptor agonists can be regarded as interesting candidates for the therapy of paroxysmal dystonia, adverse effects may limit the therapeutic potential of adenosine A(1) agonists, while beneficial effects of the adenosine A(2A) agonist CGS 21680 were already found at well tolerated doses.
The Assessment of Gas Hydrate Deposits through Electrical Remote Sounding (2001)

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Metabolism of Alkenebenzene Derivatives in the Rat. II. Eugenol and Isoeugenol Methyl Ethers (1976)

1. The metabolites of 3,4-dimethoxyallylbenzene (eugenol methyl ether) and 3,4-dimethoxypropenylbenzene (isoeugenol methyl ether) in the rat were identified and quantitatively determined by g.l.c. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 2. The major metabolic reactions of 3,4-dimethoxyallylbenzene were oxidation of the allylic side chain to 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, the two latter being largely excreted as their glycine conjugates. The formation of the hydroxy acid presumably involved epoxidation of the double bond and subsequent hydration to the diol whereas the formation of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid involved migration of the double bond and the formation of cinnamoyl intermediates. Other reactions were O-demethylation to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyallylbenzene (eugenol) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyallylbenzene in equal amounts, oxidation to 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ol, hydroxylation of the benzene ring to a hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyallylbenzene and oxidation to 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid. The formation of 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propane was found to be carried out by the rat intestinal micro-organisms. A total of at least 63% but as much as 95% dose was accounted for. 3. The major metabolic pathway of 3,4-dimethoxypropenylbenzene was via the cinnamoyl derivatives, leading to the formation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, the two latter being excreted largely as their glycine conjugates. Other reactions were O-demethylation to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropenylbenzene (isoeugenol) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxypropenylbenzene in equal amounts, and oxidation to 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetone. Epoxidation of the side chain appeared to be a minor metabolic reaction with the propenyl derivative. 4. The biliary metabolites of 3,4-dimethoxyallylbenzene and 3,4-dimethoxypropenylbenzene were identified and most of the urinary metabolites were also found in the bile.
Giant-Cell Arteritis (1978)

Cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure (HF), but it is unpredictable which hypertrophied myocardium will progress to HF. We surmised that apart from hypertrophy-related genes, failure-related genes are expressed before the onset of failure, permitting mol. prediction of HF. Hearts from hypertensive homozygous renin-overexpressing (Ren-2) rats that had progressed to early HF were compared by microarray anal. to Ren-2 rats that had remained compensated. To identify which HF-related genes preceded failure, cardiac biopsy specimens were taken during compensated hypertrophy and we then monitored whether the rat progressed to HF or remained compensated. Among 48 genes overexpressed in failing hearts, we focused on thrombospondin-2 (TSP2). TSP2 was selectively overexpressed only in biopsy specimens from rats that later progressed to HF. Moreover, expression of TSP2 was increased in human hypertrophied hearts with decreased (0.190.01) vs. normal ejection fraction (0.110.03 [arbitrary units]; P
AAPM Task Group 128: Quality assurance tests for prostate brachytherapy ultrasound systems (2008)

While ultrasound guided prostate brachytherapy has gained wide acceptance as a primary treatment tool for prostate cancer, quality assurance of the ultrasound guidance system has received very little attention. Task Group 128 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine was created to address quality assurance requirements specific to transrectal ultrasound used for guidance of prostate brachytherapy. Accurate imaging guidance and dosimetry calculation depend upon the quality and accuracy of the ultrasound image. Therefore, a robust quality assurance program for the ultrasound system is essential. A brief review of prostate brachytherapy and ultrasound physics is provided, followed by a recommendation for elements to be included in a comprehensive test phantom. Specific test recommendations are presented, covering grayscale visibility, depth of penetration, axial and lateral resolution, distance measurement, area measurement, volume measurement, needle template/electronic grid alignment, and geometric consistency with the treatment planning computer.
Foldamer‐Tuned Switching Kinetics and Metastability of [2]Rotaxanes (2011)

Slip sliding away: foldamers can function as modular stoppers to regulate the slippage and de-slippage of pseudorotaxanes and the switching kinetics and metastability of bistable rotaxanes. By simply changing the solvent or the length of the hydrogen-bonded foldamer, the lifetime of the metastable co-conformation state can be increased dramatically, from several minutes to as long as several days.
The effect of dietary krill supplementation on epithelium-associated bacteria in the hindgut of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): a microbial and electron microscopical study (2006)

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were fed fishmeal protein for 46 days, and 500 g kg−1 of fishmeal protein substituted with meal from Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica). No differences were observed in weight gain, length gain, feed conversion or specific growth rate between the groups that could be attributed to dietary manipulation. The adherent microbiota in the hindgut of the two rearing groups were further investigated. By substituting fishmeal with krillmeal, the total viable counts of aerobic and facultative aerobic bacteria colonizing the hindgut of Atlantic salmon increased from 8.5 × 104 to 2.2 × 106. Furthermore, dietary krillmeal affected the adherent hindgut microbiota. The Gram-positive bacteria Carnobacteria piscicola, Microbacterium oxydans, Microbacterium luteolum and Staphylococcus equorum spp. linens and the Gram-negatives Psychrobacter spp. and Psychrobacter glacincola were not isolated from hindgut of fish fed the krill diet. On the other hand, Pseudomonas fulgida, Pseudomonas reactans and Stenotrophomonas maltophila were not isolated from the control group fed fishmeal. Acinetobacter lwoffi, which is not normally found in the fish gut, was isolated from both feeding groups. Transmission electron microscopy showed bacteria-like profiles between the hindgut microvilli in both feeding groups indicating autochthonous microbiota. When fish were fed the krill diet, hindgut enterocytes were replete with numerous irregular vacuoles. These vacuoles were not observed in fish fed the fishmeal protein.
Weight Loss Interventions for Adult Obesity: Evidence for Practice (2004)

Finally, the feasibility of applying these findings to practice and the practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Advancements in the Fenton Process for Wastewater Treatment (2020)

Fenton is considered to be one of the most effective advanced treatment processes in the removal of many hazardous organic pollutants from refractory/toxic wastewater. It has many advantages, but drawbacks are significant such as a strong acid environment, the cost of reagents consumption, and the large production of ferric sludge, which limits Fenton’s further application. The development of Fenton applications is mainly achieved by improving oxidation efficiency and reducing sludge production. This chapter presents a review on fundamentals and applications of conventional Fenton, leading advanced technologies in the Fenton process, and reuse methods of iron containing sludge to synthetic and real wastewaters are discussed. Finally, future trends and some guidelines for Fenton processes are given.
Microneedle Patches as Drug and Vaccine Delivery Platform (2017)

In this review, we summarized the evolution, current and future application of microneedle patches as delivery vehicle for drugs and vaccines. Compared with traditional delivery tools, microneedle patches have many advantages, such as providing pain-free, non-invasive, convenient route for reagent administration and delivery, with no cold chain required for storage and transportation as well as decreasing sharp medical waste, needle-caused injury and transmission of blood-borne infectious disease in rural area. However, even though there are dramatic progress in preclinical investigation of microneedle patches, further testing will be required for clinical application. Further research should be implemented in multiple fields, such as vaccinology, immunology, and materials science, to improve this delivery platform. Because of their advantages in dose sparing, safety and treatment compliance, microneedle patches are expected to be widely applied in clinical treatment and vaccine administration in near future.
Quantitative assessment of right and left reaching movements in infants: A longitudinal study from 6 to 36 months (2006)

This longitudinal study aimed to explore the early presence and developmental pattern of laterality in reaching kinematics and its relationship to side use. In order to do so, 3-D kinematic measurements as well as 2-D video recordings of right-left reaching movements were successively carried out for 17 infants at the ages of 6, 9, 12, and 36 months. Additional investigations of hand preference were made at 36 months. As four infants were prematurely born, their outcomes were compared to those of the fullterm participants. While most of the infants in the early ages showed a rather inconsistent preference in terms of frequency and distributions of right-left side use, the analyses of reaching kinematics revealed a more consistent pattern of fewer movements units (MUs) and straighter right-sided reaching for the majority of infants at all tested ages. However, reaching kinematics from the preterm infants were generally more variable and less side consistent. It is proposed that the development of human handedness originates from an early right arm rather than hand preference in that representations of asymmetry in bilateral projections (involved in arm movements) developmentally precede contralateral projections (involved in refined hand/finger movements).
Antioxidative Action of Indole Compounds during the Autoxidation of Linoleic Acid (1966)

Antioxidative activity of aromatic amino acids and indole compounds for the autoxidation of linoleic acid was found to correlate in some extent with the highest occupied molecular orbital energy which represents the electron donor property of respective molecule. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, one of the best electron donor among the compounds tested, was the most effective antioxidant. However, antioxidative activity of some indole compounds could not be interpreted simply by their highest molecular orbital energies.Neither the chelating action for the possible metal traces nor the accelerated decomposition of hydroperoxide produced during the course of the reaction explained these actions of indoles. Tryptophan, while preventing the autoxidation of linoleic acid, underwent the ring cleavage at the position of between C2 and C3 or hydroxylation at C5 to yield formylkynurenine, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, etc. Following mechanisms which were compatible with the experimental results were proposed for the antioxidative action of indoles; indole donates an electron from its π-pool to linoleic acid radical or peroxy radical produced during the autoxidation of linoleic acid to form a loose charge transfer complex through a “local” interaction; an electron transfer occurs within the complex, which brings cleavage of indole rings and an inhibition of autoxidation.
A Case Study of a High Latitude Towed Streamer 3D Seismic Survey (2010)

In the summer of 2009, CGGVeritas collected a towed seismic streamer survey in the Canadian Beaufort Sea for BP. This was the highest latitude (>71 degrees) towed streamer 3D survey collected by either company. The presence of first-year and multi-year sea ice dominated the operation and taught both companies a great deal about high latitude seismic operations.
Modelling, Trajectory Calculation and Servoing of a Computer Controlled Arm (1972)

Abstract : The problem of computer control of an arm is divided into four PARTS: modelling, trajectory calculation, servoing and control. In modelling the author uses a symbolic data structure to represent objects in the environment. The arm is moved along time-coordinated space trajectories in which velocity and acceleration are controlled. The arm is servoed by a small computer. In order to control the arm, a planning program interprets symbolic arm control instructions and generates a plan consisting of arm motions and hand actions.
Visual Evoked Response in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (1973)

The diagnostic value of the pattern-evoked response has been assessed in 73 patients referred because of suspected multiple sclerosis. Altogether 52 had delayed responses. Fifty-one patients in the group satisfied McAlpine's criteria for diagnosing definite, probable, or possible multiple sclerosis. Of these, all but two had delayed responses in one or both eyes, while only three of the remaining 22 patients had delays. In those patients with multiple sclerosis but without any history of optic neuritis the incidence of delayed responses was only slightly less. Of 51 patients with delayed responses 23 had normal discs. Thus subclinical lesions of the visual pathways can be readily detected with this test. The high incidence of abnormal pattern responses, even in patients with no other ocular signs or symptoms, suggests that the test is of value in establishing the diagnosis.
P16 <sup>INK4A</sup> overexpression predicts lymph node metastasis in cervical carcinomas (2011)

Results suggest that p16 expression is an important predictive factor of LN metastasis in cervical cancer patients. Moreover, p16 overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 expression is of potential value for treatment planning in cervical carcinomas.
Induction and regulation of CAMP gene expression (2009)

Örverudrepandi peptíðið LL-37 er af flokki cathelicidina og er mikilvægt sem fyrsta\nvörn okkar gegn bakteríum. Örvun á tjáningu varnarþátta eins og LL-37 gæti verið ný\nleið til að ráða niðurlögum baktería þar sem vanaleg sýklalyf hafa brugðist.\nÁhrif 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) á tjáningu bakteríudrepandi peptíða var athuguð.\nFyrst voru áhrif PBA á tjáningu cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) mRNAsins\ngreind í nokkrum frumulínum með PCR greiningu í rauntíma. Tjáning gensins reyndist\nörvuð í öllum frumulínunum. Annað gen DEFB1 sem skráir bakteríudrepandi peptíðið\nhuman beta defensin 1 sýndi líka aukna tjáningu í lungnaþekjufrumulínu (VA10)\nen minnkaða í monocytum (U937). Framhaldstilraunir í verkefninu lutu eingöngu að\nspurningum tengdum tjáningu CAMP genins í VA10 frumulínunni. Þessar tilraunir\nsýndu að örvun af völdum PBA magnast með 1,25-dihydroxyvítamín D3 viðbót hvort\nsem litið er á CAMP mRNA eða prótín. Þá kom í ljós að PBA örvunin er óbein og háð\nvirkri þýðingu en cyclohexamide sem hindrar prótínþýðingu kom í veg fyrir örvunina.\nEinnig var unnt að draga úr örvuninni með hindrum fyrir prótín kínasana MEK1/2 og\nJNK. Í lokin sýndum við að -methylhydrocinnamate (ST7), sem líkist PBA, gat aukið\ngenatjáninguna.\nNiðurstöður rannsóknanna auka skilning okkar á tjáningu bakteríudrepandi peptíða\nog gefa vísbendingu um að PBA og/eða ST7 gætu virkað sem lyf gegn bakteríusýkingum\nmeð því að efla náttúrulegt varnarkerfi okkar.
Effects of a pointed nose on spin characteristics of a fighter airplane model including correlation with theoretical calculations (1970)

Effects of pointed nose on spin characteristics of fighter aircraft model and correlation of free flight test results with theoretical data
Determination of molybdenum isotope fractionation by double‐spike multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2001)

Molybdenum isotopic compositions are precisely determined by MC‐ICP‐MS measurements using a Mo double spike. The double spike is added prior to chemical purification, so that laboratory and instrumental mass fractionations are separated from natural mass‐dependent fractionation. Fractionation is determined on four Mo mass ratios, providing an internal consistency check. The external standard reproducibility is at 0.06 per mil on the 98 Mo/ 95 Mo ratio (2 standard deviation)). Using a normal microconcentric nebuliser with a cyclonic spray chamber, the minimum quantity of Mo is ∼1 μg for high‐precision results. A hydrothermal molybdenite shows fractionation of −0.3 per mil on the 98 Mo/ 95 Mo ratio relative to our standard (Johnson Matthey, 1000 μg/mL (±0.3%) ICP standard solution, lot 602332B). Fine‐grained sediments show fractionation of 0.1 and −0.3 per mil on the 98 Mo/ 95 Mo ratio. The observed Mo isotope fractionation is small but resolvable with the presented high‐resolution technique.
Effect of Alpha-Interferon Treatment in Patients with Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B (1993)

Alpha-interferon is effective in terminating viral replication and in eradicating the carrier state in patients with chronic HBV infection who are HBeAg positive when these patients are treated for 3 to 6 months and followed for 6 to 12 months after cessation of therapy. Follow-up studies are required to determine whether interferon reduces the risk for developing cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
On the processive mechanism of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Quantitative assessment of processivity. (1978)

Comparisonof the rates of polymerization catalyzed by DNA polymerases in the presence of a limited and a complete complement of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates permits accurate measurement of the processivity of polymerization.The extent of processivity, Le. the number of nucleotides polymerized each time the DNA polymerase associates with the DNA template, may be measured in a range from 1.0 to several hundred nucleotides.As judged by this method, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I is processive for values as great as 188, depending on conditions and primer-template structure.Higher ionic strength and lower temperatures result in lower processivity.With nicked DNA templates, at 37" and ionic strength = 0.085 JL, processivity is 15 to 20.With gapped DNA templates under the same conditions, processivity is 40 to 50.Poly[d(A-T)l templates yield processivity values as high as 188, but changes in conditions can diminish values to 3.3.In contrast, DNA polymerase /3 from KB cells is nonprocessive (enzyme-DNA dissociation after addition of each nucleotide) under all conditions examined.A procedure is described to compare the "static affinity"
MaxPart: An Efficient Search-Space Pruning Approach to Vertical Partitioning (2018)

Vertical partitioning is the process of subdividing the attributes of a relation into groups, creating fragments. It represents an effective way of improving performance in the database systems where a significant percentage of query processing time is spent on the full scans of tables. Most of proposed approaches for vertical partitioning in databases use a pairwise affinity to cluster the attributes of a given relation. The affinity measures the frequency of accessing simultaneously a pair of attributes. The attributes having high affinity are clustered together so as to create fragments containing a maximum of attributes with a strong connectivity. However, such fragments can directly and efficiently be achieved by the use of maximal frequent itemsets. This technique of knowledge engineering reflects better the closeness or affinity when more than two attributes are involved. The partitioning process can be done faster and more accurately with the help of such knowledge discovery technique of data mining. In this paper, an approach based on maximal frequent itemsets to vertical partitioning is proposed to efficiently search for an optimized solution by judiciously pruning the potential search space. Moreover, we propose an analytical cost model to evaluate the produced partitions. Experimental studies show that the cost of the partitioning process can be substantially reduced using only a limited set of potential fragments. They also demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in partitioning small and large tables.
<title>Physical evaluation of laser prostatectomy devices</title> (1994)

In this study, the optical and thermal characteristics of the various commercially available devices for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, using transurethrally delivered Nd:YAG laser light, were evaluated. To calculate the optimal parameters for each delivery system, the created tissue effect was dynamically modeled. Optically the devices were evaluated using by measuring the 3D irradiance distribution in a water environment. The thermal behavior of the devices was studied by a specially developed thermal imaging technique. The optical and thermal characteristics of the devices together with optical and thermal parameters of prostatic tissue were used as an input for a theoretical model to predict the extent of laser induced permanent damage and thus the effect of the device. Results show the influence of beam profile, spot size and secondary reflections of each laser prostatectomy device and modeling its therapeutic effect, will contribute to obtain an optimal dosimetry with best fitted parameters for each individual device.