gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesion Receptors in Health and Disease (1999)

Cell adhesion molecules have been recognized to play a major role in a variety of physiological and pathological phenomena. They determine the specificity of cell-cell binding and the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Some of them may also function as receptors that trigger intracellular pathways and participate in cellular processes like migration, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. The receptors that mediate adhesion between epithelial cells that are discussed in this review include integrins, selectins, the immunoglobulin superfamily members, and cadherins. The intent of this review is to inform the reader about recent advances in cellular and molecular functions of certain receptors, specifically those that are considered important in cell adhesion. We have deliberately not provided all-inclusive detailed information on every molecule, but instead, have presented a generalized overview in order to give the reader a global perspective. This information will be useful in enhancing the reader's understanding of the molecular pathology of diseases and recognizing the potential role of these receptors and ligands as therapeutic agents.
A chip scale electrocaloric effect based cooling device (2013)

The recent finding of large electrocaloric effect in several ferroelectric polymers creates unique opportunity for developing compact size solid state cooling cycles beyond the traditional mechanical vapor compression cycles. Here, we show that, by employing regeneration process with solid state regenerators, a chip scale Electrocaloric Oscillatory Refrigeration (ECOR) can be realized. A prototype ECOR is fabricated and characterized. More than 6 K temperature span is obtained near room temperature between the hot and cold sides of a 2 cm long device. Finite volume simulation validates the test results and shows the potential high performance of the ECOR.
Use of a Split-Thickness Graft to Preserve the Undersurface and Width of Airborne Postauricular Pedicle Flaps (2002)

International Traveling Chair of Dermatologic Surgery, (International Society for Dermatologic Surgery), University of California, San Francisco, Stanford University, Stanford, California, Foster City, California
Hypermethylation of IGSF4 gene for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia (2012)

The expression of IGSF4 was closely related to the methylation of its promoter, suggesting the methylation of IGSF4 gene is tissue-specific for thalassemia. These findings provide evidence for the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in terms of epigenetics.
Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal endo-type chitosanase from Anabaena fertilissima (2011)

A novel antifungal chitosanase from Anabaena fertilissima, strain RPAN1, was characterized as a prelude to its use in biocontrol. The culture grown at 8:16 h L:D photoperiod showed highest chitosanase/antifungal activity under environmental and nutritional conditions of 43 μM of P level, pH 9.0 and temperature of 27°C. The transcriptional level of chitosanase encoding gene (cho) measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) also indicated increased expression levels under the same optimized conditions. Under these conditions, cho encoding chitosanase was purified which exhibited a specific activity of 822 U/mg. The chitosanase activity measured using different substrates showed the highest activity against colloidal chitosan. HPLC profile of the products of enzyme activity with different chitosan oligosaccharides revealed the production of dimer units (GlcN)2 or more, confirming the endo-type nature of the purified chitosanase. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme was 7.5 and 27°C, respectively. Further, the enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.5–9.0 up to 12 h and temperature between 27 and 50°C up to 3 h. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Ag+, Fe3+ and Hg2+ and stimulated by Cu+2 and Zn2+. The investigation revealed significant features regarding the stability of the chitosanase enzyme from A. fertilissima under a broad range of pH and temperature which can help in its effective use in biocontrol.
Development of Hybrid Powertrain Controller for a PSHEV (2006)

The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) discussed in this paper features its post-transmission configuration, which enables the tractive motor to drive the vehicle even in neutral gear. A generator is attached to the engine to charge the battery. Development of control system of the powertrain is reported in this paper. Control strategies based on ICE optimal operating schedule are utilized to reduce fuel consumption and improve the powertrain efficiency. To identify the power demand of the driver, a new "nine-point-definition method" is proposed in this paper. Special attention is given to the coordinated control of different power sources during gear shifting. The regenerative braking process is divided into the braking process and the coasting process and different control methods are applied for each. A hybrid powertrain control unit (HCU) based on CAN network is developed to implement these strategies, which is proved to be able to work efficiently and stably by hardware-in-loop experiment and on-board test. Test results show that 35% reduction in fuel consumption and improvement in acceleration performance are achieved.
Primitives For Secure Localization And Location Verification (2011)

In this thesis we propose several different primitives for secure localization and secure location verification. Some primitives are based on ultrasonic signals and some on radio. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both types and build secure localization and location verification protocols that take advantage of the physical characteristics of the transmitted signals. We first describe a technique for secure measurement of an upper bound on the physical distance between two radios. This technique is referred to as distance bounding. We describe the basic distance bounding protocol, the requirements and the known attacks. We describe the potential advantages and disadvantages of distance bounding protocols using ultrasonic communication and in which scenarios these attacks apply. We also describe radio (RF) distance bounding protocols, how they differ from ultrasonic in terms of security guaranties and what the challenges are. Our first protocol is a proximity based access control scheme for implantable medical devices (IMDs). Our scheme is based on ultrasonic distance bounding and enables an implanted medical device to grant access to its resources only to those devices that are in its close proximity. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through tests in an emulated patient environment. We show that, although implanted, IMDs can successfully verify the proximity of other devices with high accuracy. We propose a set of protocols that support our scheme, analyze their security in detail and discuss possible extensions. We make new observations about the security of implementations of ultrasonic distance bounding protocols. Finally, we discuss the integration of our scheme with existing IMD devices and with their existing security measures. We then move to radio (RF) distance bounding. One of the main obstacles for the wider deployment of RF distance bounding is the lack of platforms that implement these protocols. We address this problem and we build a prototype system that demonstrates that radio distance bounding protocols can be implemented to match the strict processing that these protocols require. Our system implements a prover that is able to receive, process and transmit signals in less than 1ns. The security guarantee that a distance bounding protocol built on top of this system therefore provides is that a malicious prover can, at most, pretend to be about 15cm closer to the verifier than it really is. To enable such fast processing at the prover, we use specially implemented concatenation as the prover’s processing function and show how it can be integrated into a distance bounding protocol. Finally, we show that functions such as XOR and the comparison function, that were
Networked graphs (2008)

Easy reuse and integration of declaratively described information in a distributed setting is one of the main motivations for building the Semantic Web. Despite of this claim, reuse and recombination of RDF data today is mostly done using data replication and procedural code. A simple declarative mechanism for reusing and combining RDF data would help users to generate content for the semantic web. Having such a mechanism, the Semantic Web could better benefit from user generated content, as it is broadly present in the so called Web 2.0, but also from better linkage of existing content.We propose Networked Graphs, which allow users to define RDF graphs both, by extensionally listing content, but also by using views on other graphs. These views can be used to include parts of other graphs, to transform data before including it and to denote rules. The relationships between graphs are described declaratively using SPARQL queries and an extension of the SPARQL semantics. Networked Graphs are easily exchangeable between and interpretable on different computers. Using existing protocols, Networked Graphss can be evaluated in a distributed setting.
Seminal transforming growth factor-β in normal and infertile men (1999)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) is a cytokine with autocrine and paracrine action in the testis and potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we examined the concentration of latent (acid-activatable) and free (active) TGFbeta in seminal plasma from normal subjects (n = 23) and infertile (n = 40) patients, by using a TGFbeta specific immunoenzymological assay, and a bioassay (CCL64 cell line growth inhibition) detecting any form of TGFbeta. Free TGFbeta1 was present in normal subjects at a concentration (1.82 +/- 1.06 ng/ml) close to that known to give maximal stimulation in vitro. In pathological groups, the mean concentrations were not significantly different from the normal ones. Latent TGFbeta1 was present in normal seminal plasma at a high concentration (92.4 +/- 29.2 ng/ml). In subjects with pathologies of both testis and genital apparatus, or with epididymal occlusion, mean latent TGFbeta1 concentrations were normal, whereas transferrin concentrations were lower. The concentrations found in the epididymal occlusion group indicate that TGFbeta1 is, for a large part, secreted by the genital tract. In the testicular pathology group, TGFbeta1 concentrations were 130.7 +/- 61.2 ng/ml, a mean not statistically different from normal, although higher. No differences were found between patients with high and normal blood plasma follicle stimulating hormone, and this is consistent with the notion that most TGFbeta1 in seminal plasma is not of testicular origin. The TGFbeta bioassay ensured that immunologically detected TGFbeta was present in a bioactive or bioactivatable form. Furthermore, the values found in normal and pathological seminal plasmas were usually higher than those detected by the immunoassay, suggesting that other forms of TGFbeta might be present. Together, the present data show that very large amounts of TGFbeta are present in human seminal plasma. The TGFbeta ligand assay in the seminal plasma appears to indicate no differences between normal and infertile subjects.
Transplantation of cardiac Sca-1-positive cells rather than c-Kit-positive cells preserves mitochondrial oxygen consumption of the viable myocardium following myocardial infarction in rats (2019)

The cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) is one of the candidate cells used for cardiac regenerative therapy. Cardiospheres are mixture of cells including c-Kit<sup>+</sup> cells, stem cell antigen (Sca)-1<sup>+</sup> cells, and other types of cardiac progenitor cells. In this study, we compared the effect of transplantation of isolated Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells and c-Kit<sup>+</sup> cells with that of the crude CDCs (CrCDCs). Focusing on the differences in the ability for secretion of paracrine factors among 3 types of cells, we determined the effects of transplantation of these cells on cardiac intracellular signaling and mitochondrial function in rats with permanently ligated coronary arteries. We showed that the transplantation of these cells resulted in a preservation of the cardiac pump function and mitochondrial respiration at the 8th week after myocardial infarction. However, mitochondrial function in the c-Kit<sup>+</sup> cell-transplanted group was lower than that in the other 2 groups. Furthermore, we found that activation levels of intracellular signaling proteins after cell transplantation may have been due to the ability of secretion of growth factors by these transplanted cell types. Our findings indicate the possibility that CrCDC and Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells rather than c-Kit<sup>+</sup> cells may be used therapeutically to preserve cardiac function and energy metabolism after myocardial infarction.
Sliding mode multilevel control for improved performances in power conditioning systems (1995)

A novel control technique has been devised to obtain high dynamics responses from a multilevel power conditioning converter. The theory of variable structure control systems with sliding mode has been followed, taking into account several problems that may be encountered in space environments. The analytical study made provides general tools to design AC power conditioning systems for any application. The new control scheme, its mathematical analysis and digital simulation results relevant to a 115 V/400 Hz AC power system are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flavonoids from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves (FPL) attenuate H2O2-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells via the NF-κB pathway (2013)

The leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) have long been used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of paralysis, frostbite, burns, and to stop bleeding. Flavonoids of persimmon leaves (FPL) are known for their antioxidant activity in murine osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, but their mechanisms in osteoblast cells injured by oxidative stress are unknown. In this study, the effects of FPL on oxidative damage were investigated by addressing their potential therapeutic or toxic effects on H2O2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were pretreated with FPL (1.25, 2.5 and 5 μg mL(-1)) for 24 h and were then exposed to 250 μM H2O2 for an additional 6 h. FPL pre-incubated with MC3T3-E1 cells did not present any cytotoxicity, instead they increased cell viability and ΔΨm in a dose-dependent manner when challenged with H2O2. Treatment with this pro-incubated FPL also significantly suppressed the production of MDA and NO and the activity of iNOS. The mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 and the protein expression of NF-κB/p65 showed that FPL significantly inhibited apoptosis in H2O2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism of FPL in anti-apoptosis was associated with the suppression of the translocation of NF-κB/p65 into the nucleus. The protective effect of FPL could provide a promising approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
PLLA–collagen and PLLA–gelatin hybrid scaffolds with funnel-like porous structure for skin tissue engineering (2012)

In skin tissue engineering, a three-dimensional porous scaffold is necessary to support cell adhesion and proliferation and to guide cells moving into the repair area in the wound healing process. Structurally, the porous scaffold should have an open and interconnected porous architecture to facilitate homogenous cell distribution. Moreover, the scaffolds should be mechanically strong to protect deformation during the formation of new skin. In this study, the hybrid scaffolds were prepared by forming funnel-like collagen or gelatin sponge on a woven poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) mesh. The hybrid scaffolds combined the advantages of both collagen or gelatin (good cell-interactions) and PLLA mesh (high mechanical strength). The hybrid scaffolds were used to culture dermal fibroblasts for dermal tissue engineering. The funnel-like porous structure promoted homogeneous cell distribution and extracellular matrix production. The PLLA mesh reinforced the scaffold to avoid deformation. Subcutaneous implantation showed that the PLLA-collagen and PLLA-gelatin scaffolds promoted the regeneration of dermal tissue and epidermis and reduced contraction during the formation of new tissue. These results indicate that funnel-like hybrid scaffolds can be used for skin tissue regeneration.
Faktory sosudistogo riska, kognitivnyerasstroystva i izmeneniya kartiny MRT golovnogomozga u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa (2006)

Цель. Комплексное исследование хронической сосудистой мозговой патологии у больных СД 2 типа на основе МРТ визуализации головного мозга, оценки когнитивных нарушений и роли современных метаболических, иммуновоспалительных и структурных маркеров атеросклероза, особенностей течения АГ, позволяющих выявить наиболее ранние стадии и механизмы развития сосудистого неблагополучия. Материалы и методы. Обследован 91 пациент с СД 2 типа и 20 лиц контрольной группы, сопоставимых по возрасту, полу, без документированных сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и СД. Локализация, характер и выраженность очаговых и диффузных изменений мозгового вещества оценивались при помощи МРТ. Оценка состояния кровотока по экстракраниальным сегментам сонных артерий проводилась по стандартной ультразвуковой методике. Нейропсихологическое тестирование осуществлялось нейропсихологом с использованием стандартных тестов. Результаты. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют (с учетом нормативов по каждому тесту), что у обследованных больных преобладали умеренные когнитивные нарушения. Полученные данные согласуются с результатами исследований других авторов, которые относят АГ и СД к важнейшим факторам риска сосудистых когнитивных нарушений и деменции. Распространенность структурных маркеров по данным МРТ у больных СД 2 типа по сравнению с контрольной группой была достоверно больше. У больных СД 2 типа нами установлена зависимость выраженности лейкоареоза и длительности артериальной гипертонии. Выводы. Развитие когнитивных нарушений у больных СД 2 типа ассоциировано с выраженностью инсулинорезистентности, длительностью СД 2 типа, уровнем САД, общего и ночного. По данным МРТ у больных СД 2 типа в 66% случаев выявлялся периваскулярный энцефалолизис, в 49% ? очаговые изменения белого вещества и в 31% ? лейкоареоз. Периваскулярный энцефалолизис ассоциирован с длительностью АГ, гипертонической ангиопатией сетчатки, уровнем среднего ночного САД, что определяет вклад артериальной гипертонии, характерной для СД 2 типа, в формирование этого нарушения.
IE2 protein is insufficient for transcriptional repression of the human cytomegalovirus US3 promoter (1997)

Expression of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US3 gene is regulated in part by transcriptional repression mediated through a cis-repressive region located between the TATA box and the transcriptional start site. The US3 cis-repressive element has extensive sequence identity with a similar repressive element in UL122-123 (the major immediate-early gene complex). Repression of UL122-123 is mediated through the interaction of the IE2 protein with cis-repressive sequences. In spite of the similarity of the two repressive elements, IE2 activated rather than repressed transcription from the US3 promoter. Additionally, IE1 or IE1 and IE2 in combination also activated US3 expression. These data demonstrate that regulation of HCMV immediate-early genes is quite complex and involves a number of proteins.
ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF COTTON FABRIC BASED POLYMER COMPOSITIES (2011)

The paper presents analytical and experimental procedures for estimating elastic properties of a plain weft-knitted fabric and of polymer composite materials reinforced by it. Cotton yarn and fabrics are being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic reinforcement in polymer composites. In the present investigation, cotton yarn of different length and cotton knitted fabric specimens of different knitting directions were tested by tension in order to obtain the stress-strain response. Elastic modulus of the cotton yarn and knitted fabrics, having different load span and knitting directions, were obtained. Cotton knitted fabric composites with thermoset polymer matrices were manufactured and tested for stiffness and strength. Based on the Leaf and Glaskin model, a numerical (FEM) elastic properties averaging model was elaborated. Calculated elastic properties of composite materials have shown high compatibility with experimentally obtained values.
The mechanics of sprint running (1971)

1. The effect of the velocity of shortening on the power developed by the muscles in sprint running was studied by measuring the mechanical work done to accelerate the body forward from the start to about 34 km/hr.2. The work was measured at each step from the data obtained by means of a platform sensitive to the force impressed by the foot.3. Almost the totality of the positive work done during the first second from the start is found as an increase of the kinetic energy of the body. However, as the speed of the run rises, air resistance and particularly the deceleration of the body forward, taking place at each step, rapidly increase, limiting the speed of the run.4. The average power developed by the muscles during the push at each step increases with the velocity of running reaching 3-4 h.p. at the maximal speed attained.5. At low speed the contractile component of the muscles seems to be mainly responsible for the power output, whereas at high speed (25-34 km/hr) an appreciable fraction of the power appears to be sustained by the mechanical energy stored in the ;series elastic elements' during stretching the contracted muscles (negative work) and released immediately after in the positive work phase.
The Optimal Review Period in a Dynamic Inventory Model (1997)

Consider a single-item, periodic review, infinite-horizon, undiscounted, inventory model with stochastic demands, proportional holding and shortage costs, and full backlogging. Orders can arrive in every period, and the cost of receiving them is negligible (as in a JIT setting). Every T periods, one observes the current stock level and orders deliveries for the next T periods, thus incurring a fixed setup cost. The goal is to find a review period T and an ordering policy that minimize the long run expected average cost per period. Flynn and Garstka (Flynn, J., S. Garstka. 1990. A dynamic inventory model with periodic auditing. Opns. Res. 38 1089–1103.) characterize an optimal ordering policy when T is fixed and study a myopic policy whose cost is often close to the optimal cost. This paper covers the problem of selecting T. We prove an optimal review period T * exists, characterize its properties, and present methods for its computation. We also study an approximation to T * based on the myopic policy of our earlier paper and a crude but simple approximation expressing T * in terms of the two-thirds power of the model parameters. Analytic results (where the coefficient of variation of demand is small) and computational experiments suggest both approximations perform well when demands are normal.