gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phagodeterrency Induced by Pure Gossypol and Leaf Extracts of a Cotton Strain with High Gossypol Content in the Larva of Spodoptera littoralis12 (1977)

The effect of pure gossypol or of extracts of a high gossypol cotton strain on the feeding rate of larvae of Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval was investigated by the ‘Styropor method.’ Styropor (foamed polystyrene) lamellae were painted on one side with 5% sucrose and on the other side with a solution of 1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.1% pure gossypol. One percent gossypol strongly suppressed feeding, and a negative correlation was found between the feeding rate on the lamellae and the concentration of gossypol. Larvae fed about half as much on lamellae painted with the leaf extract of a high-gossypol-content cotton strain (HG6-11-144) as on those painted with an exract of the glandless strain Acala 63-74.
Some aerodynamic aspects of coin-like cylinders (1998)

The aspect ratio of short coin-like cylinders is defined as L / D , where L is the length and D is the diameter of the cylinder. Force and pressure measurements are extended down to L / D =0.025. The force measurements indicate an unexpected increase in drag coefficient with decreasing aspect ratio. The basic equation used to define the drag coefficient is inapplicable for very low aspect ratio and the projected area should be replaced by the side area. Surface flow visualization tests in a wind tunnel reveal the variation in both shape and size of separation bubbles, which form on the flat sides of the model. A crescent-shaped area is observed between the primary and secondary separation, followed by an unsteady re-attachment region. A strong hysteresis effect is observed in the development of the separation bubbles. The separation bubbles can be suppressed by rounding the sharp edges of the model, with considerable reduction in the drag coefficient. Finally, a flow topology is suggested consisting of two horseshoe vortices attached onto the flat sides and detached in a streamwise direction, thus forming two counter-rotating vortex pairs.
Propiedades químicas, fisicoquímicas y reológicas de masas y harinas de maíz nixtamalizado (2002)

El ritmo acelerado de vida hace más necesario consumir harinas de maíz nixtamalizado (HMN), ya que se presentan en una forma más accesible al consumidor, pero las características de las tortillas elaboradas con las HMN son diferentes a las tradicionales. Se estudiaron masas elaboradas en tortillerías y HMN en su composición química, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), gelatinización, retrogradación, difracción de rayos X y comportamiento reológico. Las masas y HMN presentaron una composición química similar. Para los carbohidratos solubles, la CRA, la temperatura y entalpía de gelatinización se encontraron diferencias entre masas y HMN. Las masas tuvieron mayor contenido de carbohidratos solubles y menor CRA que las HMN. De igual manera, las HMN mostraron menor temperatura y entalpía de gelatinización que las masas. Estos resultados se corroboraron por el análisis de difracción de rayos X; por ejemplo las HMN tuvieron un menor grado de cristalinidad que las masas. La entalpía de fusión en las masas y HMN retrogradadas tendieron a incrementarse con el tiempo de almacenamiento. Estos resultados se asociaron con el perfeccionamiento de los cristales durante la retrogradación del almidón; por ejemplo, la recristalización del almidón gelatinizado se lleva a cabo como un proceso que depende del tiempo.
The Little Web Book (1996)

The World Wide Web remains the fastest growing portion of the Internet because it hides all the old Internet gobbledygook behind an easy point-and-click interface. No surprise that all the major online services - America Online, Prodigy, CompuServe - now offer Web access. This book shows that ever-growing crowd of Web newcomers how to harness the magic of the Web while sidestepping the old Internet's jargon and confusion. From e-mail to file transfers and newsgroups to home pages, The Little Web Book lays it all out simply and accessibly, with bite-size chapters offering down-to-earth explanations of basic concepts.
Multiple-Read Single-Write Memory and Its Applications (1980)

A multiple-read single-write (MRSW) memory is proposed as a hardware solution to the memory and bus conflict problem in distributed and multiprocessing computing systems. Each memory module is assigned to a host processor which is hardwired to its read–write channel. Its read-only channels are shared by a few closely coupled processors, I/O devices, and/or a data bus which provides access to all other processors. The exact processor-memory organization is determined by a module correlation criteria, which also yields a quantitative measure of the effectiveness of the solution. In a class of scientific computing problems where module correlation is limited to neighboring modules, the memory conflict problem is completely eliminated. The processors may operate as array processors controlled by a CPU, or they may operate autonomously with capabilities of originating programs or transactions. The location conflict problem of multiaccess memories is resolved without additional hardware or delay.
Crystallization and Precipitation (1998)

The paper deals with the design and operation of cooling and evaporation crystallizers and precipitators for reaction crystallization. It will be shown that the median crystal size L50 of a crystalline product and the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) mainly depend on the crystallization kinetics, e.g. the rates of nucleation and crystal growth, and that this kinetics is controlled by supersaturation. Therefore, the main objective in crystallization and precipitation is to choose and to maintain the optimal supersaturation with respect to product quality at all times and all locations in the crystallizer or precipitator.
Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons (2014)

One of the major questions in microbial ecology is "who is there?" This question can be answered using various tools, but one of the long-lasting gold standards is to sequence 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons generated by domain-level PCR reactions amplifying from genomic DNA. Traditionally, this was performed by cloning and Sanger (capillary electrophoresis) sequencing of PCR amplicons. The advent of next-generation sequencing has tremendously simplified and increased the sequencing depth for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The introduction of benchtop sequencers now allows small labs to perform their 16S rRNA sequencing in-house in a matter of days. Here, an approach for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using a benchtop next-generation sequencer is detailed. The environmental DNA is first amplified by PCR using primers that contain sequencing adapters and barcodes. They are then coupled to spherical particles via emulsion PCR. The particles are loaded on a disposable chip and the chip is inserted in the sequencing machine after which the sequencing is performed. The sequences are retrieved in fastq format, filtered and the barcodes are used to establish the sample membership of the reads. The filtered and binned reads are then further analyzed using publically available tools. An example analysis where the reads were classified with a taxonomy-finding algorithm within the software package Mothur is given. The method outlined here is simple, inexpensive and straightforward and should help smaller labs to take advantage from the ongoing genomic revolution.
Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae WH12 gene (1990)

WHI2 mRNA levels were followed through the growth cycle in WHI2 mutant and wild-type cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Levels were high during the first (glucose) phase of growth, and were reduced sharply during the second (ethanol) phase of growth. Transcript levels of the glycolytic genes PDC1 and PYK1 were also measured; they each showed a pattern similar to that of WHI2, whereas transcript levels of the CDC7 gene remained constant throughout the cycle, showing that a decrease in transcription is not a general feature of genes. These results make it unlikely that the WHI2 product acts as an inhibitor of cell proliferation which is activated upon carbon starvation. No difference was observed between the pattern of expression of mutant and wild-type strains, showing that the mutant phenotype was not the result of a change in regulation at the transcriptional level.
Algorithm 420: hidden-line plotting program [J6] (1972)

HIDE produces a two-dimensional representation of a surface or figure by plotting segments of a succession of curves; each curve is plotted where it is not hidden by any of the curves previously plotted (that is, where it does not fall below any of them as they appear in the two-dimensional representation).
High bond energy and thermomechanical stress in silicon on sapphire wafer bonding (1997)

Silicon on sapphire wafer pairs are formed by direct wafer bonding of 3-in. silicon and sapphire wafers. Subsequent annealing commonly used to increase the bond energy imposes serious thermomechanical strain. The corresponding bending, recorded in situ as a function of temperature, reveals relaxations by de- and rebonding until the silicon wafer cracks into small fragments that mostly remain bonded. After further annealing up to 800 °C and cooling to room temperature, a strong curvature of the fragments indicates a frozen-in high temperature bond state with elastic energies around 100 J/m2. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of the interface reveals an amorphous intermediate layer the thickness of which considerably increases with increasing the oxygen partial pressure during annealing.
Erratum: Mesh Adaptive Direct Search Algorithms for Constrained Optimization (2008)

In [SIAM J. Optim., 17 (2006), pp. 188–217] Audet and Dennis proposed the class of mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithms for minimization of a nonsmooth function under general nonsmooth constraints. The notation used in the paper evolved since the preliminary versions, and, unfortunately, even though the statement of Proposition 4.2 is correct, it is not compatible with the final notation. The purpose of this note is to show that the proposition is valid.
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Sequence Type 131 Subgroups O25b and O16 Among Extraintestinal <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections (2016)

The multidrug-resistant sequence type 131 (ST131) Escherichia coli is a spreading epidemiological burden particularly among isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones. We aimed to evaluate the commonality of ST131-O25b and ST131-O16 among fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates causing community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) at Fayoum University Hospital, in Egypt. Ninety-two fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR for detection of ST131 of either O25b or O16 subgroups. Positive isolates were then assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genotyping. Out of 92 fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates, 56 (60.9%) isolates were O25b/O16 subgroups of ST131, including 44 (78.6%) ST131-O25b and 12 (21.4%) ST131-O16 subgroups. All the O25b/O16 ST131 isolates were sensitive to meropenem, where ST131-O25b isolates were significantly more resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins compared to S131-O16 strains. All the O25b/O16 ST131 isolates harbored three or more of the virulence factors associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli status. ST131-O16 showed a significantly higher virulence score than ST131-O25b isolates. Our results bring to highlight the emergence of O25b/O16 ST131 isolates between community acquired UTIs among Egyptian patients. This is the first report for the presence of O16 isolates in Egypt, showing a lower predominance than the O25b subgroup. The high prevalence of O25b/O16 ST131 isolates requires strict stewardship on antimicrobial use, notably fluoroquinolones, to control the endemicity of such emerging multidrug-resistant clone in the community.
Graph-Based Concept Clustering for Web Search Results (2015)

A search engine usually returns a long list of web search results corresponding to a query from the user. Users must spend a lot of time for browsing and navigating the search results for the relevant results. Many research works applied the text clustering techniques, called web search results clustering, to handle the problem. Unfortunately, search result document returned from search engine is a very short text. It is difficult to cluster related documents into the same group because a short document has low informative content. In this paper, we proposed a method to cluster the web search results with high clustering quality using graph-based clustering with concept which extract from the external knowledge source. The main idea is to expand the original search results with some related concept terms. We applied the Wikipedia as the external knowledge source for concept extraction. We compared the clustering results of our proposed method with two well-known search results clustering techniques, Suffix Tree Clustering and Lingo. The experimental results showed that our proposed method significantly outperforms over the well-known clustering techniques.
F4‐09‐04: BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER OPENING IN PATIENTS WITH MILD‐TO‐MODERATE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING MR‐GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND (2018)

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening using focused ultrasound (FUS) in animal models has been shown to reduce amyloid and tau burden. Here, we present the rationale for, and the first early clinical experience with, FUS-mediated BBB opening in human patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Patients with amyloid-positive AD were enrolled in a phase I, pilot, prospective trial of MR-guided Focused ultrasound BBB opening. Patients were treated twice, one month apart, staged by volume of BBB opening. Primary outcomes evaluated safety and technical feasibility, with additional measures assessing clinical and radiographic outcomes. BBB opening was successfully achieved in all patients enrolled. This was safe in all patients, with no demonstrated serious adverse events, clinically or radiographically. Areas of BBB opening were demonstrated by discrete regions of gadolinium enhancement, which were no long present at one-day following opening. Focused ultrasound mediated BBB opening is safe in patients with amyloid positive mild-to-moderate AD. This technology offers a non-invasive, image-guided and reversible approach to BBB opening, suggesting the prospect of it's use either alone, or as a delivery strategy for therapeutic agents, in AD.
The persistence of attention to emotion: Brain potentials during and after picture presentation. (2008)

Emotional stimuli have been shown to elicit increased perceptual processing and attentional allocation. The late positive potential (LPP) is a sustained P300-like component of the event-related potential that is enhanced after the presentation of pleasant and unpleasant pictures as compared with neutral pictures. In this study, the LPP was measured using dense array electroencephalograph both before and after pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images to examine the time course of attentional allocation toward emotional stimuli. Results from 17 participants confirmed that the LPP was larger after emotional than neutral images and that this effect persisted for 800 ms after pleasant picture offset and at least 1,000 ms after unpleasant picture offset. The persistence of increased attention after unpleasant compared to pleasant stimuli is consistent with the existence of a negativity bias. Overall, these results indicate that attentional capture of emotion continues well beyond picture presentation and that this can be measured with the LPP. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Introducing VIPS (1984)

The voice-interactive processing system enables a user to display office-related data on a screen and manipulate it through a combination of voice and touch commands. The system responds immediately to each request, updating the screen so that the correctness of each action can be verified. If an undesired result is achieved, the user may back up and restate the command in more exacting language.
Isolation of a Viral Polypeptide Associated with Poliovirus RNA Polymerase (1974)

Poliovirus-infected HeLa cells were labeled with radioactive methionine or phenylalanine and subjected to a new purification procedure for the viral induced RNA polymerase activity. Detergent-solubilized polymerase activity was purified by precipitation with 2 M LiCl and sedimentation through sucrose gradients. Approximately 0.001% of the incorporated amino acid radio-activity sediments with the peak of polymerase activity. Gradient fractions comprising the polymerase activity peak were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to contain predominantly one virus-specific polypeptide. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also reveals that this purified polypeptide migrates with a 58,000 molecular weight noncapsid polio-virus polypeptide.
A neural fuzzy system with fuzzy supervised learning (1996)

A neural fuzzy system learning with fuzzy training data (fuzzy if-then rules) is proposed in this paper. This system is able to process and learn numerical information as well as linguistic information. At first, we propose a five-layered neural network for the connectionist realization of a fuzzy inference system. The connectionist structure can house fuzzy logic rules and membership functions for fuzzy inference. We use alpha-level sets of fuzzy numbers to represent linguistic information. The inputs, outputs, and weights of the proposed network can be fuzzy numbers of any shape. Furthermore, they can be hybrid of fuzzy numbers and numerical numbers through the use of fuzzy singletons. Based on interval arithmetics, a fuzzy supervised learning algorithm is developed for the proposed system. It extends the normal supervised learning techniques to the learning problems where only linguistic teaching signals are available. The fuzzy supervised learning scheme can train the proposed system with desired fuzzy input-output pairs which are fuzzy numbers instead of the normal numerical values. With fuzzy supervised learning, the proposed system can be used for rule base concentration to reduce the number of rules in a fuzzy rule base. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed system.
SYNTHESIS OF NITRONES FROM 3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES BY OXIDATION WITH<i>m</i>-CHLOROPEROXYBENZOIC ACID (1997)

(1997). SYNTHESIS OF NITRONES FROM 3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES BY OXIDATION WITH m-CHLOROPEROXYBENZOIC ACID. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 185-194.
Reduction of Inorganic Compounds by Soil Microorganisms (1972)

Abstract Isolates of Pichia guillermondii and Micrococcus sp. obtained from soil converted selenate, selenite, tellurate, and tellurite to the elemental forms, vanadate to a vanadyl compound, molybdate and molybdenum trioxide to a molybdenum blue compound, arsenate to arsenite, MnO 2 to the manganous ion, nitrate to nitrite, and chlorate to a less oxidized form. Resting cell suspensions and cell‐free extracts of the two organisms also effected the reduction of most of the inorganic compounds and anions. The capacity to reduce selenate, selenite, tellurate, tellurite, vanadate, molybdate, molybdenum trioxide, arsenate, chlorate, and MnO 2 was found to be common to soil microrganisms. It is suggested that these microbial reactions may be important in changing the solubility, availability, or toxicity of certain elements in soil.
Acute effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose and amino acid metabolism in the awake fasted rat. Comparison with insulin. (1989)

To elucidate the acute metabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), we administered a primed (250 micrograms/kg), continuous (5 micrograms/kg.min) infusion of human recombinant (Thr 59) IGF-I or saline to awake, chronically catheterized 24-h fasted rats for 90 min. IGF-I was also infused while maintaining euglycemia (glucose clamp technique) and its effects were compared to those of insulin. IGF-I infusion caused a twofold rise in IGF-I levels and a 75-85% decrease in plasma insulin. When IGF-I alone was given, plasma glucose fell by 30-40 mg/dl (P less than 0.005) due to a transient twofold increase (P less than 0.05) in glucose uptake; hepatic glucose production and plasma FFA levels remained unchanged. IGF-I infusion with maintenance of euglycemia produced a sustained rise in glucose uptake and a marked stimulation of [3-3H]glucose incorporation into tissue glycogen, but still failed to suppress glucose production and FFA levels. IGF-I also produced a generalized 30-40% reduction in plasma amino acids, regardless of whether or not hypoglycemia was prevented. This was associated with a decrease in leucine flux and a decline in the incorporation of [1-14C]leucine into muscle and liver protein (P less than 0.05). When insulin was infused in a dosage that mimicked the rise in glucose uptake seen with IGF-I, nearly identical changes in amino acid metabolism occurred. However, insulin suppressed glucose production by 65% and FFA levels by 40% (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, insulin was less effective than IGF-I in promoting glycogen synthesis. We conclude that (a) IGF-I produces hypoglycemia by selectively enhancing glucose uptake; (b) IGF-I is relatively ineffective in suppressing hepatic glucose production or FFA levels; and (c) IGF-I, like insulin, lowers circulating amino acids by reducing protein breakdown rather than by stimulating protein synthesis. Thus, IGF-I's metabolic actions in fasted rats are readily distinguished from insulin.
Crystalline orientation of polycrystalline silicon with disklike grains produced by silicide-mediated crystallization of amorphous silicon (2003)

Crystalline orientations of disklike grains in polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) formed by silicide-mediated crystallization (SMC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) have been studied and compared with those of needlelike crystallites. The disklike grain can be obtained by SMC of a-Si with a silicon–nitride cap on it and its size is as large as 42 μm by using the average Ni area density of 2.43×1014 cm−2 on the cap. On the other hand, the poly-Si crystallized without the cap layer is composed of needlelike crystallites. The electron diffraction (ED) patterns of transmission electron microscope (TEM) remain unchanged for the selected area from 1 to 10 μm diameter inside of the disklike grain, but the ED patterns of SMC poly-Si composed of needlelike crystallites show a ring pattern for the area of 10 μm diameter due to many crystalline orientations. Electron backscattered diffraction and TEM analysis indicate that each disk-like grain has a single orientation, but its orientation is not always the same as that of neighboring grains.
TiO[sub 2] Film Properties as a Function of Processing Temperature (1972)

Thin film was produced at 150°C by chemical vapor deposition using hydrolysis of tetraisopropyl titanate. Films were amorphous as grown, but annealing in air caused crystallization, with anatase formed beginning at 350°C and rutile at 700°C. Density and index of refraction increased substantially with increasing anneal temperature, while etch susceptibility in and decreased. Comparison with literature data showed two groups of processes. One group yields films having properties that gradually approach those of rutile with increasing process temperature. The other group gives rutile directly at moderate temperatures. Deposition of amorphous film, followed by etching and annealing is suggested as a means for pattern definition.