gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial streams in the assessment of environmental hazard of chemicals (2006)

Artificial streams are dynamic mesocosms, simulating aquatic systems and rivers. They are useful to study ecotoxicity of chemicals and their effects on flora and fauna colonizing the streams or introduced into the channels. These artificial rivers can also be used to study the influence of ecological and hydrodynamic parameters, such as the kind of substrate of river and flow rate. Responses of the bivalve Unio tumidus to substrate type (silt, sand, and pebbles) and water flow rate (high and low) were investigated after 15 and 35 days in the channels, in order to optimize the experimental conditions for ecotoxicity study with methyl methacrylate (MMA). The toxicological effects of different concentrations of MMA on bivalves and on communities of invertebrates and diatoms were determined after several weeks of exposure at a high flow rate. Biomarkers responses measured in the digestive gland and the gills of U. tumidus were the activities of detoxification systems as early indicators of toxicity and lipid peroxidation as a marker of cytotoxicity. Effects of MMA resulted in a decrease in antioxidant activities. Disturbances in bivalves appeared at lower concentrations than in communities. This indicates sensitivity of the biomarkers studied, which are predictive indicators of ecotoxicity.
Characterization of the gene and protein of the alpha 1-antitrypsin "deficiency" allele Mprocida. (1988)

The "deficiency" group of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) alleles is characterized by alpha 1AT genes that code for alpha 1AT present in serum but in amounts insufficient to protect the lower respiratory tract from progressive destruction by its burden of neutrophil elastase. Mprocida, a rare alpha 1AT allele associated with alpha 1AT serum levels less than 10 mg/dl (normal 150-350 mg/dl), codes for an alpha 1AT molecule that focuses on immobilized pH gradient isoelectric gels slightly cathodal to the common normal M1 (Val213) protein. On a per molecule basis, Mprocida has a mildly reduced function as an inhibitor, with an association rate constant for human neutrophil elastase of 7.0 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 (normal M1 (Val213) 9.3 +/- 0.8 x 10(6), p less than 0.01). The Mprocida molecule behaves normally in vivo with a half-life similar to normal M1 alpha 1AT molecules. Restriction endonuclease mapping demonstrates that the cloned Mprocida gene was grossly intact. Sequencing of all the exons, exon-intron junctions, and the major promoter region demonstrated Mprocida to be identical to the M1 (Val213) gene except for a single base substitution in exon II coding for amino acid 41 of the mature protein (M1 (Val213) Leu41 CTG----Mprocida Pro41 CCG). Usefully, the coding sequence of the alpha 1AT residues 40-41 is recognized by the restriction endonuclease PvuII so that using a probe corresponding to this region of exon II, the Mprocida mutation can be rapidly identified by Southern analysis. Evaluation of the crystallographic structure of alpha 1AT suggests the Leu41 to Pro41 mutation may disrupt alpha-helix A in the region of Pro21-Ser45, suggesting the possibility that the alpha 1AT Mprocida molecule is unstable and degraded intracellularly prior to secretion.
Partial Model Based Walking Control of Quadruped Locomotion Robot With Self Renovation Control Function (1999)

Abstract It is considered that locomotion robots are aggressive under the circumstances where human hardly work, for example, in the nuclear power plant, in the bottom of the sea and on a planet. The injury and the fault of the robot might occur frequently under those circumstances. It is very important problem that the robot can realize the walking with the fault. This is very difficult problem for biped and quadruped robot to realize a stable walking in the case that actuator or sensor is broken. And, in walking of mammal, gait pattern is generated by neural oscillator existing in the spinal cord. In the case that a lower neural system is injured, mammal realize a walking by a higher neural system. Thus, mammal has a self renovation function. In this study, in order to realize the stable walking of the quadruped robot with fault, we discuss the control method with self renovation function for the fault of the decentralized controller and the angular sensor. First, we design the centralized controller of one leg by sliding mode control for the fault of decentralized controller. Second, Sky Hook Suspension Control is applied for the fault of the angular sensor. The proposed methods are verified by 3D simulations by CAD and experiments.
Sleep state instabilities in major depressive disorder: Detection and quantification with electrocardiogram‐based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis (2010)

Sleep disruption is an important aspect of major depressive disorder but lacks an objective and inexpensive means of assessment. We evaluated the utility of electrocardiogram (ECG)-based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis to quantify physiologic sleep stability in patients with major depression. Relative to controls, unmedicated depressed patients had a reduction in high-frequency coupling, an index of stable sleep, an increase in low-frequency coupling, an index of unstable sleep, and an increase in very-low-frequency coupling, an index of wakefulness/REM sleep. The medicated depressed group showed a restoration of stable sleep to a level comparable with that of the control group. ECG-based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis may provide a simple, cost-efficient point-of-care method to quantify sleep quality/stability and to objectively evaluate the severity of insomnia in patients with major depression.
Combined coagulation phase-directed factor Xa inhibition with heparin compounds and DX-9065a - A direct and selective antagonist (2004)

The development of novel anticoagulants for use in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has evolved steadily, emphasizing the importance of cellular surface biochemistry and the highly integrated contribution of platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells in the thrombotic process. Accordingly, tissue factor and its primary complexing coagulation proteases, factor VIIa and Xa, represent attractive targets for pharmacologic inhibition of thrombin generation. Although combined or “multi-site directed” pharmacologic therapy is an appealing construct for the attenuation of vascular thrombosis in ACS, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships that may potentially influence safety, efficacy and dosing must be considered carefully. DX-9065a is the first in a class of synthetic, small-molecule, . . .
The effect of aging on erasure in particulate disk media (1989)

The effect of aging and heating on the erasability of particulate hard disks made from gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and surface modified Co- gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was studied. A 1-MHz square wave signal was recorded on particulate hard disks rotating at 3600 r.p.m. using a ferrite inductive head. The recorded signal was measured as a function of the AC erase field before and after heating the disks in ovens at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 200 degrees C for times ranging from 10 min to several months. The erasability of the Co- gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ hard disks heated for one week decreased with increasing heating temperature, which was especially evident at the higher erase fields. An Arrhenius plot of signal strength versus inverse absolute temperature gave an activation temperature of 0.2 eV. For the gamma -Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ disks there was a decrease in the erasability of 2 dB at an erase field of 800 Oe and 8 dB at 900 Oe after heating. Vibrating sample magnetometer and ferromagnetic resonance spectrometer measurements were made to obtain the magnetic parameters before and after heating.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Longitudinal serum HIV RNA quantification: correlation to viral phenotype at seroconversion and clinical outcome (1996)

Serum HIV RNA is high around the time of seroconversion. A significant decline within the first months hereafter is followed by a plateau phase, which in turn is followed by an increase in HIV RNA. HIV RNA early in infection has a predictive value for the clinical outcome. The increased virulence of SI over NSI virus did not translate into significantly higher HIV RNA values.
Spatial resolution of catheter-based ventricular pace activation mapping by cross-correlation of signal-averaged electrograms (2002)

Prior work suggests resolution of ventricular pace mapping by ECG is 20 mm. Experimental pacing was performed in a swine model and computer-based signal processing algorithms were used to enhance 2-point spatial resolution of ventricular endocardial pace activation mapping. Unipolar sites in swine right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) were paced using multipolar catheters of known spacing. Up to 25 LV endocardial signals were recorded with a basket catheter. Catheter stability was assessed by fluoroscopy. A difference metric was calculated from changes in electrogram morphology and time shifts in signals generated from two different pacing sites. Receiver operating characteristics were calculated using this difference metric for pacing sites separated by 0-17.5 mm. Pacing sites in swine L V and RV can be distinguished when separated by >2.5 mm with good sensitivity and specificity.
Dissolution Characteristics of Ceria in Ascorbic Acid Solutions with Implications to Cleaning (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
System design choices in personal communications (1995)

The authors outline techniques for dealing with variable propagation conditions for single user channels. They perform comparisons of interference averaging and avoidance multiple access strategies for cellular systems, with capacity as a function of minimum acceptable signal to interference ratio. They discuss some interference suppression methods. Multiple base stations are presented as a means of further increasing capacity. Throughout all of the above, the discussion is centered on connection-oriented traffic such as voice and video, with communication mediated by a network of base stations. The authors then discuss three different personal communication systems being developed at UCLA, illustrating some of the design trade-offs available in achieving low power consumption, high spectral efficiency, and flexible network topology. They conclude with a summary of their perception of the system design choices available at the physical layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A microscale protein NMR sample screening pipeline (2009)

As part of efforts to develop improved methods for NMR protein sample preparation and structure determination, the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG) has implemented an NMR screening pipeline for protein target selection, construct optimization, and buffer optimization, incorporating efficient microscale NMR screening of proteins using a micro-cryoprobe. The process is feasible because the newest generation probe requires only small amounts of protein, typically 30-200 microg in 8-35 microl volume. Extensive automation has been made possible by the combination of database tools, mechanization of key process steps, and the use of a micro-cryoprobe that gives excellent data while requiring little optimization and manual setup. In this perspective, we describe the overall process used by the NESG for screening NMR samples as part of a sample optimization process, assessing optimal construct design and solution conditions, as well as for determining protein rotational correlation times in order to assess protein oligomerization states. Database infrastructure has been developed to allow for flexible implementation of new screening protocols and harvesting of the resulting output. The NESG micro NMR screening pipeline has also been used for detergent screening of membrane proteins. Descriptions of the individual steps in the NESG NMR sample design, production, and screening pipeline are presented in the format of a standard operating procedure.
Univalent Gallium and Indium Phosphane Complexes: From Pyramidal M(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> to Carbene‐Analogous Bent M(P<i>t</i>Bu<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> (M=Ga, In) Complexes (2012)

In a new oxidative route, Ag(+)[Al(OR(F))(4)](-) (R(F)=C(CF(3))(3)) and metallic indium were sonicated in aromatic solvents, such as fluorobenzene (PhF), to give a precipitate of silver metal and highly soluble [In(PhF)(n)](+) salts (n=2, 3) with the weakly coordinating [Al(OR(F))(4)](-) anion in quantitative yield. The In(+) salt and the known analogous Ga(+)[Al(OR(F))(4)](-) were used to synthesize a series of homoleptic PR(3) phosphane complexes [M(PR(3))(n)](+), that is, the weakly PPh(3)-bridged [(Ph(3)P)(3)In-(PPh(3))-In(PPh(3))(3)](2+) that essentially contains two independent [In(PPh(3))(3)](+) cations or, with increasing bulk of the phosphane, the carbene-analogous [M(PtBu(3))(2)](+) (M=Ga, In) cations. The M(I)-P distances are 27 to 29 pm longer for indium, and thus considerably longer than the difference between their tabulated radii (18 pm). The structure, formation, and frontier orbitals of these complexes were investigated by calculations at the BP86/SV(P), B3LYP/def2-TZVPP, MP2/def2-TZVPP, and SCS-MP2/def2-TZVPP levels.
GENERATING TISS-28 SCORES DIRECTLY FROM HOSPITAL BILLING DATA (1998)

Society of Critical Care Medicine; 27th Educational and Scientific Symposium; San Antonio, Texas, USA; February 4-8, 1998: Poster Hall: Thursday, February 5, 1998 5: 45-7: 15 pm; Friday, February 6, 1998 11: 40 am-1: 00 pm; Saturday, February 7, 1998 11: 40 am-1: 00 pm: Poster Presentations: Computers/Technology
Optimization of Vickers Hardness Parameters for Micro- And Macro-Indentation of Grade 91 Steel (2013)

Abstract Hardness is being assessed as a potential life-assessment tool for tracking microstructural degradation and remaining life in creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels. Such methodology is already being utilized for the CSEF steel Grade 91, which has been widely implemented in both replacement parts and new construction over the last two decades. Additionally, research into the complex microstructural features in welded joints often utilizes hardness surveys to characterize changes caused by thermal processing. New automated hardness testing equipment now affords the ability to develop statistically relevant datasets for these uses. However, proper application and understanding of the data requires knowledge of limitations and variations with the load and spacing of the hardness indents and the potential role of different material conditions in this complex steel. In this work, we have examined the effect of load in three Grade 91 material conditions, as well as the effect of spacing in as-received material to determine optimum parameters for both macrohardness (i.e., &gt;1 kg) and microhardness mapping (i.e., &lt;500 g). The results show that to minimize variations in microhardness and ensure consistency with macrohardness results, a 200 -g load is preferred for characterization. Laser scanning microscopy was utilized to clarify the potential for indentation size effects (ISE).
Preferred Orientation of Bi <sub>4</sub> Ti <sub>3</sub> O <sub>12</sub> Thick Film (2007)

The preferred orientation of thick films prepared by paste printing is rarely observed because of their bulky polycrystalline nature. We found that a Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 thick film with a thickness of ca. 20 μm showed c ‐axis‐preferred orientation. Initially, the texture of the screen‐printed film was found to have a random orientation, which was attributed to the equiaxed particle shape of the raw powder synthesized by the co‐precipitation method. During subsequent heating, c ‐axis orientation emerged in which the degree of orientation was proportional to the film density. Analysis of the orientation distribution revealed that the progress of texturing was attributed to the film deformation, indicating that anisotropic shrinkage and morphological changes in particles during heating influenced the preferred orientation.
Investigation of orientational order in a nematic liquid crystal with semiconductor CdSe/Zns QDs by IR spectroscopy (2016)

The dichroic ratio and orientational-order parameter of fundamental bands have been studied in the IR spectrum for a nematic liquid crystal based on alkylcyanobiphenyls and its suspensions with semiconductor CdSe/ZnS QDs with a core size of 5 nm. Analyses have been performed by the method of multiple frustrated total internal reflection. It is shown that an increase in the nanoparticle concentration from 0.5 to 1.3 wt % improves the orientation uniformity of the liquid crystal near the interface with the orienting surface. The orientational order parameter in a suspension with 1.3 wt % QDs has increased in comparison with the initial liquid crystal by more than 10% for the fundamental bands in alkylcyanobiphenyl molecules, the stretching vibrations of which correspond to the direction of their long axes.
Thallous ion activation of p-nitrophenylphosphatase of rat myometrium plasma membrane (1981)

Addition of thallous ion (Tl+) inhibited the spontaneous mechanical activity of rat myometrium in K-free Krebs solutions with an I50 value of 30 microM. The corresponding value for I50 for similar inhibition by addition of K+ was 150 microM. Tl+ as well as K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase (PNPPase) of isolated rat myometrium plasma membrane vesicles. Half maximal activation was caused by 0.47 mM Tl+ or 1.6 mM K+. Maximal enzyme activities obtained using Tl+ and K+ were comparable. The Km values for the substance p-nitrophenylphosphatase using Tl+ (1.24 mM) and K+ (1.46 mM) were also similar. Activation by either ion was inhibited by ouabain, Na+, inorganic phosphate, and vanadate (V +5). The results suggest that Tl+ can substitute for K+ for activation of the Na-K pump of rat myometrium plasma membrane.
Multichannel AR spectrum estimation: The optimum approach in the reflection coefficient domain (1986)

A new approach for multichannel autoregressive (AR) spectrum estimation is introduced based on an iterative gradient algorithm. In the context of dynamic programming, the approach is shown to be optimum in the reflection coefficient domain, whereas the multichannel AR Nuttall-Strand algorithm is shown to be suboptimum. The approach guarantees a stable multichannel AR filter and a nonnegative spectrum matrix estimate. It is demonstrated via simulation examples that such drawbacks of the Nuttall-Strand method as frequency bias and line splitting may be alleviated by the optimum approach. However, the improved performance is achieved at the expense of considerably more computational effort and time. The Single-channel Fougere descent method may be seen as a special case of the proposed multichannel AR approach.
The Wicker Tube Reactor – Characterization and Modeling (2001)

A new type of reactor for continuous emulsion polymerization was characterized by measurements of the residence time distribution in water and during a chemical reaction. These measurements show nearly plug flow behavior even in the laminar flow region. The thermal behavior was modeled with respect to temperature, monomer and initiator concentration. Continuous emulsion polymerization can be run inherently safe and with remarkable high space time yield in the new wicker tube reactor.
Unified criterion for state and action abstraction in autonomous agent (2003)

Autonomous abstraction of state and action is one of the key issues in the behavior acquisition problem of reactive agents. The paper proposes a general framework for the state and action abstraction, which is based on the uncertainty minimization of the behavior outcomes. This methodology not only unifies the two abstraction problems, but also provides a way to combine different abstraction criteria which have been used empirically in conventional works. An experimental study in the latter part suggests that our method increases the adaptability of the agents to the environment and improves the overall behavior performance.
CCR4 Is a Key Modulator of Innate Immune Responses (2006)

CCR4 is recognized as a key receptor in Th2-associated immune processes, although very little is known about its role in innate immunity. Previous studies reported increased resistance to LPS-induced lethality in CCR4(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. This study demonstrates that CCR4(-/-) mice are similarly resistant to challenge with other TLR agonists, as well as bacterial peritonitis. Resistance was associated with enhanced early leukocyte recruitment, increased TLR expression, a skewed type 2 cytokine/chemokine profile, and improved bacterial clearance. Macrophages from CCR4(-/-) mice exhibited many features consistent with alternative activation, including elevated secretion of type 2 cytokines/chemokines and the found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) protein. MyD88-dependent NF-kappaB signaling was significantly down-regulated in CCR4(-/-) macrophages, whereas p38 MAPK and JNK activation were conversely increased. These data stress the importance of CCR4 in macrophage differentiation and innate immune responses to pathogens, as well as the involvement of chemokine receptor expression in TLR signaling regulation.
{111} defects in 1-MeV-silicon-ion-implanted silicon (1995)

Rodlike defects with the {111} habit plane have been identified by electron microscopy, at a well-defined depth below the surface of silicon specimens subjected to a 1 MeV Si ion implantation (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ dose, followed by 900 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C annealing for 10 sec), and coexistent with defects on {311} habit planes. Energy minimization calculations using the Stillinger-Weber potential were carried out on a self-interstitial atomic configuration; the final relaxed atomic configuration consists of five- and eight-membered rings. Calculated images based on this atomic model match ``double-spacing'' experimental high-resolution electron microscopy images. The energy minimization calculation suggests a displacement vector of a〈111〉/10, perpendicular to the habit plane, for the {111} defect. Diffraction contrast experiments revealed that, in the present specimens, about a tenth of the rodlike defects have this displacement vector. The {111} defects were also observed using a 120-keV electron microscope, below the critical energy of 170 keV for generating Frenkel pairs in Si by electron irradiation. This indicates that the {111} defects can be generated by ion implantation and annealing.
Diet, Nutrition, and Avoidable Cancer (1995)

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