gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Mice in a Modified Welch-Nuttall Test for the Isolation of Clostridium Perfringens* (1952)

The Use of Mice in a Modified Welch-Nuttall Test for the Isolation of Clostridium Perfringens* Get access Charles F. Smyser, Jr., M.S., Charles F. Smyser, Jr., M.S. Department of Bacteriology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert C. Cleverdon, Ph.D., Robert C. Cleverdon, Ph.D. Department of Bacteriology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Walter L. Kulp, D.Sc. Walter L. Kulp, D.Sc. Department of Bacteriology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 22, Issue 10_ts, October 1952, Pages 1036–1037, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/22.10_ts.1036 Published: 01 October 1952 Article history Received: 14 May 1952 Published: 01 October 1952
Cytochrome c release and caspase‐3 activation during colchicine‐induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells (1999)

The microtubule-disrupting agent colchicine is known to be neurotoxic toward certain neuronal populations including cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). In this study we investigated the involvement of cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation during colchicine-induced CGC apoptosis. Treatment of rat CGCs with 1 micrometer colchicine (for up to 24 h) caused high molecular weight DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. An involvement of group II caspases (which includes caspase-3) was demonstrated by the proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) after 18 h exposure to colchicine. Colchicine induced a time-dependent increase in Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-alpha-(4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide) (DEVD-MCA) cleavage activity in CGCs, which was blocked with a specific, peptide-based, aldehyde inhibitor of group II caspases, i. e. DEVD-CHO. We also observed a time-dependent proteolysis of caspase-3 as judged by the appearance of p17 which is one of the subunits of active caspase-3. Activation of caspase-3 during colchicine-induced apoptosis may be mediated by cytochrome c since there was a close correlation between the time courses of cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and of caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, colchicine-induced apoptosis, as assessed by propidium iodide visualization of the nuclei, could be blocked by the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl) fluoromethyl ketone.
Acetic Acid Tolerant Tobacco Mutant by an lmmunoenzymic Method (1988)

The comparative analysis of plant hormones was undertaken on a 1-naphthaleneacetic acid tolerant mutant and normal tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) plantlets. The mutant plantlet was scrubby and impaired in its root morphogenesis. Degeneration of the root meristem was studied on tissue sections; it appeared very fast (as early as the 3rd or 4th day after sowing), after which the root was further transformed into a callus. Indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and the isopentenyladenine (iP)- and trans-zeatin(Z)-type cytokinin levels were measured in terminal buds and root tips 13 days after sowing, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of high performance liquid chromatography fractions. Some differences appeared between the apical buds of the two genotypes, but the mutant tobacco differed from the wild type mainly by the presence of higher levels of IAA, ABA, and iP + isopentenyladenosine (iPA) in its small root. Thus, the IAA, ABA, and iP + iPA contents were increased by a factor of 15, 7, and 24 times, respectively, in mutant root compared to wild-type tobacco roots. Previous work has shown that the mutation impairs membrane polarization effects induced by auxin at the cell level. The present results would favor the hypothesis that the mutation has also affected the control of growth regulator accumulation in tissues.
Extrinsic fiber damage and its effect on the reliability of optical fiber connectors and splices (1992)

The long-term mechanical reliability of optical fiber in connectors and splices will be determined by the magnitude of the stress on the fiber, the operating environment, and the size and geometry of the flaws in the fiber. Examples which demonstrate the generation of fiber damage when using conventional fiber termination tools, techniques and components are given, and the effects of interaction between the extrinsic flaws generated and fiber failure are shown. Problems associated with making realistic, lifetime/reliability predictions are reviewed.
Gangliosides Link the Acidic Sphingomyelinase-Mediated Induction of Ceramide to 12-Lipoxygenase-Dependent Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma in Response to Fenretinide (2004)

A novel pathway of fenretinide-induced apoptosis is mediated by acidic sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase, and GD3 synthase, which may represent targets for future drug development. GD3 may be a key signaling intermediate leading to apoptosis via the activation of 12-lipoxygenase.
VTFS project: Development of the lava flow simulation code LavaSIM with a model for three‐dimensional convection, spreading, and solidification (2005)

The lava flow simulation code LavaSIM has been developed to give accurate predictions of volcanic disasters and to support evacuation plans. The code uses three‐dimensional analysis with free surface evaluation, including boundary transport between the melt and the crust. It is therefore applicable to various types of lava flows and flow behaviors such as flood basalts, subaqueous lava flows, and levee formation. Heat transfer between the lava and the ground, air, and water, and between the melt and crust of the flow is calculated by using appropriate relations. The code has been verified by applying it to actual lava flows, and the simulation results have been compared with observations of the Izu‐Osima flows of 1986. The lava flow rate, temperature, and properties were assigned values based on data from existing literature. The comparisons demonstrated the code's capability for prediction of inundated areas and maximum flow lengths. The present code is expected to be useful for real‐time prediction during eruptions, in addition to assessing volcanic hazards and designing protection structures for existing installations against possible future lava flows.
Large-Scale Training of Pairwise Support Vector Machines for Speaker Recognition (2014)

State–of–the–art systems for text–independent speaker recognition use as their features a compact representation of a speaker utterance, known as “i–vector.” We recently presented an efficient approach for training a Pairwise Support Vector Machine (PSVM) with a suitable kernel for i–vector pairs for a quite large speaker recognition task. Rather than estimating an SVM model per speaker, according to the “one versus all” discriminative paradigm, the PSVM approach classifies a trial, consisting of a pair of i–vectors, as belonging or not to the same speaker class. Training a PSVM with large amount of data, however, is a memory and computational expensive task, because the number of training pairs grows quadratically with the number of training i–vectors. This paper demonstrates that a very small subset of the training pairs is necessary to train the original PSVM model, and proposes two approaches that allow discarding most of the training pairs that are not essential, without harming the accuracy of the model. This allows dramatically reducing the memory and computational resources needed for training, which becomes feasible with large datasets including many speakers. We have assessed these approaches on the extended core conditions of the NIST 2012 Speaker Recognition Evaluation. Our results show that the accuracy of the PSVM trained with a sufficient number of speakers is 10%-30% better compared to the one obtained by a PLDA model, depending on the testing conditions. Since the PSVM accuracy increases with the training set size, but PSVM training does not scale well for large numbers of speakers, our selection techniques become relevant for training accurate discriminative classifiers.
Non-invasive Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species Generated in NH<sup>4</sup>OH-induced Gastric Lesions of Rats using a 300 MHz<i>In Vivo</i>ESR Technique (2003)

Free radicals are reportedly involved in mucosal injury, including NH4OH-induced gastric lesions, but the kind, location and origin of radical generation have yet to be clarified. We developed the non-invasive measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stomach, and applied to mucosal injury. NH4OH-induced gastric lesions were prepared in rats, which were then given a nitroxyl probe intragastrically or intravenously, and the spectra of the gastric region were obtained by in vivo 300 MHz electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The spectral change of the nitroxyl probe administered intragastrically was significantly enhanced 30 min after NH4OH administration, but no change occurred when the probe was given by intravenous injection. The enhanced change was confirmed to be due to *OH generation, because it was completely suppressed by mannitol, catalase and desferrioxamine (DFO), and was not observed in neutropenic rats. NH4OH-induced neutrophil infiltration of the gastric mucosa was suppressed by intravenous injection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase, or by administration of allopurinol. The present study provided the direct evidence in NH4OH-treated living rats that *OH produced from O2*- derived from neutrophils caused gastric lesion formation, while O2*- or H2O2 derived from the xanthine oxidase system in endothelial cells was involved in neutrophil infiltration.
Recent Advances in Optical Processing Techniques Using Highly Nonlinear Bismuth Oxide Fiber (2008)

We report our recent studies on nonlinear processing of optical signals using a 35-cm highly nonlinear bismuth oxide fiber (Bi-NLF). Our findings are based on self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing in the Bi-NLF. We demonstrate applications of the nonlinear techniques in optical signal regeneration, tunable optical delay, stabilization of multiwavelength laser source, tunable optical pulse generation, microwave photonic carrier frequency multiplication, and all-optical wavelength conversion.
Corrosion Rates from Impedance Measurements: An Introduction (1980)

The majority of published papers dealing with electrochemical impedance measurements adopt a mathematical approach; this has tended to make the subject somewhat esoteric. Here the subject is dealt with in terms of basic impedance concepts and how these may be used to interpret data in relation to a simple equivalent circuit. This is then extended to cover equivalent circuits containing elements exhibiting diffusion controlled behaviour. A range of experimental techniques which may be used to obtain impedance measurements, together with a new corrosion monitor based on the ‘tangential impedance’ technique, are explained. Graphical methods of data interpretation are given that avoid excessive numerical manipulation and which also allow the charge transfer resistance to. be extracted from systems exhibiting mixed diffusion–charge transfer control.
7. Examination of type 304 stainless steel and Inconel 600 coupons with various surface finishes exposed in Doel 2 (1989)

Introduction General Description of the Coupons Discussion of Results from Examination of Coupons after Exposure Comparison of Activity Levels and Deposition Rates on Doel 2 Insert Coupons from Cycle 13 with those from Cycle 12 and from Doel 2 SG Tube Conclusions Acknowledgement
The 10 Meter South Pole Telescope (2011)

The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10 m diameter, wide-field, offset Gregorian telescope with a 966-pixel, multi-color, millimeter-wave, bolometer camera. It is located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station in Antarctica. The design of the SPT emphasizes careful control of spillover and scattering, to minimize noise and false signals due to ground pickup. The key initial project is a large-area survey at wavelengths of 3, 2 and 1.3 mm, to detect clusters of galaxies via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and to measure the small-scale angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The data will be used to characterize the primordial matter power spectrum and to place constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. A second-generation camera will measure the polarization of the CMB, potentially leading to constraints on the neutrino mass and the energy scale of inflation.
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy: Much Ado About Nothing? (2000)

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Reprint requests and correspondence: C Gostout, MD, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905. Received 28 February 2000; accepted 01 March 2000
Blockade of body weight gain and plasma corticosterone levels in Zucker fatty rats using an orally active neuropeptide Y Y1 antagonist (2002)

1. An experiment was conducted to examine whether a potent, orally active and highly selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist attenuates hyperphagia and obesity in genetically obese Zucker fatty rats. 2. Oral administration of the Y1 antagonist (30 and 100 mg x kg(-1), once daily for 2 weeks) significantly suppressed the daily food intake and body weight gain in Zucker fatty rats accompanied with a reduction of fat cell size and plasma corticosterone levels. 3. Despite the fact that food intake was gradually returned to near the control level, the body weight of the treated animals remained significantly less when compared to that of the controls for the duration of the treatment. 4. These results suggest that the Y1 receptor, at least in part, participate in pathophysiological feeding and/or fat accumulation observed in Zucker fatty rats. Y1 antagonists might be useful for the treatment of obesity.
Gradients of Atrial Refractoriness and Inducibility of Atrial Fibrillation due to Stimulation of Ganglionated Plexi (2006)

GP stimulation, subthreshold for atrial excitation, converts isolated PDs into AF-inducing PDs, suggesting that autonomic tone may play a critical role in the initiation of paroxysmal AF.
Availability of 0.3% Ofloxacin Ointment and Solution in Human Conjunctiva and Aqueous Humor (1995)

Ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution or ointment was administered preoperatively to 13 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Mean drug concentrations in conjunctival biopsies were 2.62 and 6.55 micrograms/gm and in aqueous humor samples were 0.36 micrograms/mL and 0.43 micrograms/mL, for ointment and solution respectively. Mean conjunctival concentrations of ofloxacin achieved MIC90 values for 419 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms previously analyzed.
A Novel Isomerization of an Electron-Rich Alkene (1981)

Abstract Displacement of 2-methvlpropene from [Fp(Me 2 C = CH 2 )]BF 4 (Fp = (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 ) by Z-1,2-dimethoxyethylene (Z-DME) gives [Fp(Z-DME)]BF 4 . Displacement by E-1,2-dimethoxyethylene (E-DME), in contrast, does not give the expected complex of E-DME, but rather the complex of the Z-alkene. A mechanism involving scission of the C = C bond of the coordinated alkene to give a bis-carbene intermediate is proposed.
Paired chirp evoked cortical inhibition and its behavioral correlates in a speech intelligibility task (2013)

Successful auditory stream segregation depends on correctly inhibiting irrelevant stimuli being perceived in parallel with relevant information. Here, we analyze the behavioral correlates of inhibitory processing in healthy subjects, by first calculating the percentage of inhibition elicited through a paired-chirp auditory stimulation paradigm and then analyzing its correlation to the score in a speech intelligibility task. Analysis of cortical inhibition was made both in amplitude and phase, focusing on the N1-P2 complex. Significant inhibition between the condition and the test chirp in both of the inter stimulus intervals (ISIs) used and both N1 and P2 waves was observed. Inhibition in phase synchronization stability (PSS) showed a positive correlation to scores obtained in the task for all given modalities of the study, while amplitude analysis showed a correlation for the N1 wave with 500 ms ISI only. It was shown that the PSS analysis provides a more reliable representation of cortical inhibition, able to correlate to the attentional task. It is concluded that the given paradigm allows to assess inhibitory processing, vital to the allocation of attention.
Selective induction of calcineurin activity and signaling by oligomeric amyloid beta (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a terminal age-associated dementia characterized by early synaptic dysfunction and late neurodegeneration. Although the presence of plaques of fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is a signature of AD, evidence suggests that the preplaque small oligomeric Abeta promotes both synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. We found that young Tg2576 transgenic mice, which accumulate Abeta and develop cognitive impairments prior to plaque deposition, have high central nervous system (CNS) activity of calcineurin (CaN), a phosphatase involved in negative regulation of memory function via inactivation of the transcription factor cAMP responsive element binding proteins (CREB), and display CaN-dependent memory deficits. These results thus suggested the involvement of prefibrillary forms of Abeta. To investigate this issue, we compared the effect of monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar Abeta on CaN activity, CaN-dependent pCREB and phosphorylated Bcl-2 Associated death Protein (pBAD) levels, and cell death in SY5Y cells and in rat brain slices, and determined the role of CaN on CREB phosphorylation in the CNS of Tg2576 mice. Our results show that oligomeric Abeta specifically induces CaN activity and promotes CaN-dependent CREB and Bcl-2 Asociated death Protein (BAD) dephosphorylation and cell death. Furthermore, Tg2576 mice display Abeta oligomers and reduced pCREB in the CNS, which is normalized by CaN inhibition. These findings suggest a role for CaN in mediating effects of oligomeric Abeta on neural cells. Because elevated CaN levels have been reported in the CNS of cognitively impaired aged rodents, our results further suggest that abnormal CaN hyperactivity may be a common event exacerbating the cognitive and neurodegenerative impact of oligomeric Abeta in the aging CNS.
Data Collection and Analysis Techniques for Evaluating the Perceptual Qualities of Auditory Stimuli (1998)

This paper describes a general methodological framework for evaluating the perceptual properties of auditory stimuli. The framework provides analysis techniques that can ensure the effective use of sound for a variety of applications including virtual reality and data sonification systems. Specifically, we discuss data collection techniques for the perceptual qualities of single auditory stimuli including identification tasks, context-based ratings, and attribute ratings. In addition, we present methods for comparing auditory stimuli, such as discrimination tasks, similarity ratings, and sorting tasks. Finally, we discuss statistical techniques that focus on the perceptual relations among stimuli, such as Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Pathfinder Analysis. These methods are presented as a starting point for an organized and systematic approach for non-experts in perceptual experimental methods, rather than as a complete manual for performing the statistical techniques and data collection methods. It is our hope that this paper will help foster further interdisciplinary collaboration among perceptual researchers, designers, engineers, and others in the development of effective auditory displays.
<title>Spectroscopy and lasing perfomance of Nd3+ doped Ca5(PO4)3F</title> (1993)

Absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> doped Ca<SUB>5</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>F (FAP) are reported. A slope efficiency of 67% was obtained in pulse operation pumped by a long pulse Cr:LiSAF laser. Diode-laser-pumped lasing of Nd:FAP has been demonstrated for the first time. A slope efficiency of 25% was obtained without any optimization.
Stabilization by electromagnetic damper for contained liquid induced rotor vibration. (1987)

It is a well-known phenomenon that unstable rotor vibration occurs when rotors, partially filled with liquid, are rotated through a certain range of rotational speeds. This type of self-excited vibration appears in large-scale continuous flow ultracentrifuges, due to heavier liquid forming laminations with greater weight density. The unstable vibration results from a forward whirl rotor motion. An electromagnetic bearing control, reacting to detection of the rotor displacement, can produce particular damping force characteristics as are required for stabilization. Our control technique features an additional cross coupling network between x and y directional channels. This is equivalent to the damping effect generated by the cross stiffness of the bearing reaction : Kxy and Kyx. The sign of the cross stiffness especially depends upon the whirl direction. This optional control strategy using the cross effect is successfuly experienced by combating unstable flow induced forward rotor vibration.
Review of undersea acoustics: 1900–1950 (1976)

For much of the first four decades of the twentieth century (with the exception of an impulse effort during World War I) undersea acoustics had limited financial support and a small number of practitioners. During 1940–1950 this situation changed. A massive effort funded by the U. S. Navy enabled a large multidisciplined group of civilian scientists to transform a previously relatively simple pragmatic “art” into an increasingly complex emerging science.
Statistical MIMO Radar (2004)

Inspired by recent advances in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, we introduce the statistical MIMO radar concept. Unlike beamforming, array radar, or STAP, which presuppose a high correlation between signals either transmitted or received by an array, the proposed MIMO radar exploits the independence between signals at the array elements. Whereas correlation-based array techniques are capable of providing degrees of freedom for spatial filtering, they have no bearing on the effects of target scattering. Radar targets generally consist of many small elemental scatterers that are fused by the radar waveform and the processing at the receiver to result in echoes with fluctuating amplitude and phase. In conventional radar, target radar cross-section (RCS) fluctuations are regarded as a nuisance that degrades radar performance. The novelty of statistical MIMO radar is that it takes the opposite view, namely, it capitalizes on target RCS scintillations and glint to improve the radar s performance. MIMO radar utilizes multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. It can be applied in monostatic or bistatic modes. The antennas at each end of the radar system have to be sufficiently separated such that the target provides uncorrelated reflection coefficients between each transmit/receive pair of antennas. We demonstrate that the MIMO radar greatly improves detection and estimation performance due to the absence of target fades. Specifically, statistical MIMO radar overcomes target RCS fluctuations by averaging over many decorrelated channels between transmit and receive antennas. Subsequently, the received signal is a superposition of independently faded signals, and the average SNR of the received signal is more or less constant. This is equivalent to converting a Swerling case I RCS to a Swerling case II, but without the loss of time. Moreover, MIMO spatial diversity also eliminates the deep interference nulls in the elevation coverage.