gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated graphene/nanoparticle hybrids for biological and electronic applications (2014)

The development of novel graphene/nanoparticle hybrid materials is currently the subject of tremendous research interest. The intrinsic exceptional assets of both graphene (including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) and nanoparticles render their hybrid materials synergic properties that can be useful in various applications. In this feature review, we highlight recent developments in graphene/nanoparticle hybrids and their promising potential in electronic and biological applications. First, the latest advances in synthetic methods for the preparation of the graphene/nanoparticle hybrids are introduced, with the emphasis on approaches to (1) decorate nanoparticles onto two-dimensional graphene and (2) wrap nanoparticles with graphene sheets. The pros and cons of large-scale synthesis are also discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art of graphene/nanoparticle hybrids in electronic and biological applications is reviewed. For electronic applications, we focus on the advantages of using these hybrids in transparent conducting films, as well as energy harvesting and storage. Biological applications, electrochemical biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery using the hybrids are showcased. Finally, the future research prospects and challenges in this rapidly developing area are discussed.
[Effect of over-expression of sterol C-22 desaturase on ergosterol production in yeast strains]. (2007)

Ergosterol, the main sterol in yeast, is responsible for structural membrane features such as fluidity and permeability. Additionally, ergosterol is economically important as a precursor of vitamin D2. The biosynthesis of sterols in yeast is complex. As an enzyme of the later ergosterol biosynthesis, the sterol C-22 desaturase encoded by ERG5 gene is required to form the C-22 (23) double bond in the sterol side chain. In order to know the regulation of C-22 sterol desaturase in the ergosterol biosynthesis, ERG5 gene was cloned and over-expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Primer 1 (5'-GTCGGTACCTCCAATGACAATAAATACC-3', Kpn I) and primer 2 (5'-AAGGATCCTAGCAGATCATTAGCTGTAG-3', BamH I) were designed according to the ERG5 sequence in GenBank. A 1.8 kb DNA fragment containing the open reading frame and terminator of ERG5 gene was amplified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae YSF-20 by PCR and inserted into YEp352 to generate recombinant plasmid pYE5. To express ERG5 gene properly in S. cerevisiae, the recombinant expression plasmid pYPE5 containing ERG5 from pYE5 under the control of PGK1 promoter, the URA3 gene as the selection marker and the plasmid YEp352 as the vector was constructed, and then they were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS58. To make sure the plasmid pYPE5 in the YS58 acted properly, the disruptant (YSE5) was created by deleting a 0.4 kb fragment of ERG5 gene and inserting the CUP1 gene into the ERG5 and transforming the YS58. And then the disruptant (YSE5) was transformed with the plasmid pYPE5 carrying the corresponding complementing ERG5 gene to control the activity of the over-expressed ERG5 gene and restauration of the wild-type sterol pattern. The sterol profile of the disruptant (YSE5) demonstrated that ergosta-5, 7-dien-3beta-ol was accumulated which was very similar to ergosterol but with a saturated side chain. In contrast, the YSE5 (pYPE5) strain contains predominantly ergosterol. The sterol content of the transformant was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The result shows that ergosterol production in recombinant strains was reduced. And the experiment of the effect of culturing time shows that ergosterol productions in recombinant strains were always lower than YS58 (pYPE5) from 24-48 h culturing time. Under the optimal culture condition, ergosterol content in recombinant strain YS58 (pYPE5) was about 0.70-fold of that in the referring strain.
Gamma Interferon and Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Prevent Endotoxin Tolerance in Human Monocytes by Promoting Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase Expression and Its Association to MyD88 and Not by Modulating TLR4 Expression (2002)

Endotoxin tolerance is characterized by a decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines by cultured leukocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following a first exposure to the same stimulus. Gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are immunostimulatory cytokines that prime monocytes and prevent endotoxin tolerance. In this study, we show that the deactivating effects of LPS, as well as the priming effects of IFNgamma and GM-CSF or their capacity to restore tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by LPS-tolerized human monocytes are independent of the modulation of TLR2, TLR4, or MD-2. In monocytes pretreated with IFNgamma or GM-CSF, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) expression is up-regulated. After LPS stimulation, an increased IRAK kinase activity, a higher MyD88/IRAK association, and a stronger NF-kappaB activation are observed. In contrast, in LPS-tolerized monocytes, IRAK expression and kinase activity, IRAK/MyD88 association, and NF-kappaB activation are inhibited. Furthermore, the prevention of tolerance by IFNgamma and GM-CSF was independent of IRAK kinase activity. Our results suggest that these cytokines prevent endotoxin tolerance induced by low but not by high doses of LPS by inhibiting IRAK degradation and by promoting its association with MyD88 after a second LPS stimulation, which in turn leads to NF-kappaB activation and TNF production.
Deer antler extract selectively suppresses hyphal growth in dimorphic fungus, Candida albicans (1998)

Transfer of Candida albicans grown in Sabouraud medium to the RPMI medium induces the transition from a nonpathogenic yeast form to a pathogenic hyphal form. This transition was severely inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when deer antler extract was added to the RPMI medium in a nontoxic range (up to 500 μg). In that range, deer antler extract inhibited the hyphal transition and cell growth, whereas no effect was observed on the yeast growth. When hydrophobic or hydrophilic fractions were prepared by detergent-solubilization of deer antler extract, the hydrophobic fraction showed a large degree of inhibition of the hyphal growth in Candida albicans. Neither fraction affected the growth in the yeast form. The pattern of chitin localization in the culture of the yeast form grown in RPMI in the presence of deer antler extract was confirmed by calcofluor staining and this exhibited strongly the suppression of hyphal transition.
FtmOx1, a non-heme Fe(ii) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, catalyses the endoperoxide formation of verruculogen in Aspergillus fumigatus (2009)

Verruculogen is a tremorgenic mycotoxin and contains an endoperoxide bond. In this study, we describe the cloning, overexpression and purification of a non-heme Fe(ii) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FtmOx1 from Aspergillus fumigatus, which catalyses the conversion of fumitremorgin B to verruculogen by inserting an endoperoxide bond between two prenyl moieties. Incubation with (18)O(2)-enriched atmosphere demonstrated that both oxygen atoms of the endoperoxide bond are derived from one molecule of O(2). FtmOx1 is the first endoperoxide-forming non-heme Fe(ii) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase reported so far. A mechanism of FtmOx1-catalysed verruculogen formation is postulated and discussed.
CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN PARKINSONIAN SYNDROMES (2001)

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) disturbances are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in other Parkinsonian syndromes, especially in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The differentiation between various Parkinsonian syndromes may be difficult, but it is important for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of different analysis methods to reveal cardiovascular regulation disturbances in PD and to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of autonomic tests to differentiate between various Parkinsonian syndromes. Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationships between ANS disturbances and the clinical characteristics of PD. In addition, the cardiac autonomic function was evaluated during various sleep stages for the first time in untreated PD patients by using spectral heart rate variability (HRV) measures to determine possible sleep stage specific cardiovascular regulation disturbances. Cardiovascular autonomic reflexes were evaluated in 62 untreated and newly diagnosed PD patients, 34 PD patients under antiparkinsonian medication, 47 MSA patients and 15 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The usefulness of different analysis methods was evaluated in a subgroup of 32 untreated PD patients. A further 21 untreated PD patients underwent one-night polysomnography for nocturnal heart rate variability analysis. PD patients with hypokinesia/rigidity as their initial onset sign had a significantly lower max-min ratio in the deep breathing test than those patients with tremor as the initial sign. MSA patients showed significant reductions in both HRV and blood pressure responses during orthostatic provocation, whereas PSP patients had normal results. Absolute spectral measures yielded the clearest indicators separating the PD patients from the controls, while the cardiovascular reflexes proved more useful than the normalised spectral HRV measures in revealing the differences between the two groups. HRV was abnormally decreased during non-REM sleep in PD patients but not during REM sleep or the S1 sleep stage. The normalized high frequency power was significantly decreased in PD patients during sleep stages S2-4, while the standard deviation of the R-R intervals was increased during the same sleep stages, possibly corresponding to the increased motility of PD patients during these sleep stages. The clinical characteristics of PD deserve particular attention in connection with ANS disturbances, since autonomic failure seems to be more pronounced in PD patients with hypokinesia/ rigidity as their initial sign. The evaluation of the autonomic function may also be helpful in the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes. Spectral analysis methods should be implemented in the evaluation of ANS dysfunction to achieve the best possible efficacy in the differentiation of pathological responses from normal ones. Nocturnal analysis of cardiovascular regulation revealed new and interesting features of pathologic HRV in PD patients, thus when HRV is evaluated, the different sleep stages should be analysed separately.
Effects of double layer AlN buffer layers on properties of Si-doped AlxGa1−xN for improved performance of deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (2013)

Si-doped Al0.77Ga0.23N epilayers were grown on AlN/sapphire templates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using double AlN buffer layers. It was found that the use of double AlN buffer layers improved the overall material quality of the Si-doped Al0.77Ga0.23N epilayers, as evidenced in the decreased density of screw dislocations and surface pits and increased emission intensity ratio of the band-edge to the deep level impurity transition. Hall effect measurements also indicated improved n-type conductivity. The performance of the deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes fabricated using double buffer layers was significantly improved, as manifested by enhanced output power and reduced turn-on voltage.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Reactions of Chloranil with Stilbene Derivatives and . alpha.,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of TiO <sub>2</sub> –ZnO Core‐Shell Nanofibers (2009)

We fabricated TiO 2 –ZnO core‐shell nanofibers via a novel two‐step process. In the first step, the TiO 2 core nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning. Subsequently, the ZnO shell layers were grown in a controlled manner using atomic layer deposition. The methodology proposed in this work is expected to be one of most suitable methods for preparing various kinds of oxide core‐shell nanofibers or nanowires. We investigated the O 2 sensing properties of the synthesized core‐shell nanofibers. Good sensitivity and dynamic repeatability were observed for the sensor, demonstrating that the core‐shell nanofibers hold promise for the realization of sensitive and reliable chemical sensors.
Site-Specific N-Glycosylation of Caprine Lysostaphin Restricts its Bacteriolytic Activity Toward<i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (2013)

Lysostaphin (LYS) is an anti-staphylococcal prokaryotic polypeptide that has been used to avoid Staphylococcus aureus mastitis through transgenic or viral vector approaches exogenously expressed in dairy animals. However, glycosylation of lysostaphin expressed in mammalian cells results in a loss of bioactivity. Until now, the mechanism of site-specific glycosylation of lysostaphin causing this loss of bioactivity remains unknown. An immortalized caprine mammary epithelial cell line (CMEC-08-D) was used to study recombinant lysostaphin fused with goat β-casein, goat lactoferrin (LF) or prokaryotic signal peptides. These constructs were separately ectopically expressed in CMEC-08-D. Results of site-directed mutagenesis show that Asn(125) but not Asn(232) is the exact glycosylation site of lysostaphin expressed in CMEC-08-D. In addition, the effect of glycosylation of lysostaphin on its staphylolytic activity was identified through bacterial plate assay. The data indicated that wild type and mutated N232Q-lysostaphin (Asn(232) to Gln(232) substitution) lacked staphylolytic activity. In contrast, mutated N125Q (Asn(125) to Gln(125) substitution) and N125Q/N232Q-lysostaphin possessed staphylolytic activity. On the other hand, all mutated lysostaphin showed no change in binding ability to S. aureus. This reveals that N-glycosylation at Asn(125) of lysostaphin expressed in a eukaryotic system greatly decreases lysostaphin bacteriolytic activity but does not affect its binding ability to S. aureus.
Algunos aspectos de la relación entre el comercio y el medio ambiente (1997)

Este trabajo estudia las interrelaciones entre el comercio y el medio ambiente a través de dos cuestiones: si el librecambismo, y el consiguiente aumento del comercio, es positivo desde el punto de vista ambiental, y si es legítimo utilizar instrumentos de política comercial para proteger el medio ambiente.
Stereoselective reduction of (S)-4-isopropyl-3-phenacyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one by means of 1,4-asymmetric induction: Synthesis of chiral 2-amino-1-phenylethanols. (1985)

Stereoselective reductions of (S)-4-isopropyl-3-phenacyl-1, 3-oxazolidin-2-one (2) with several complex metal hydrides gave 2-4'-isopropyl-2'-oxo-1', 3'-oxazolidinyl-1-phenylethanol (3) and 2-N-1'-isopropyl-2'-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino-1-phenylethanol (4) in good yields. These products were diastereomeric mixtures and the diastereomer ratios were estimated to be ca. 75 : 25. The asymmetric 2-amino-1-phenylethanols (major products of 3 and 4) were easily isolated by recrystallization. The absolute configuration of (1S, 4'S)-3 was determined by X-ray analysis. The reductions of (S)-4-isopropyl-1-phenacyl-1, 3-oxazolidine (6) with complex metal hydrides gave 2-4'-isopropyl-1', 3'-oxazolidinyl-1-phenylethanol (7) and 4 as diastereomeric mixtures (ca. 70 : 30).
Regulation of CXCR4-Mediated Invasion by DARPP-32 in Gastric Cancer Cells (2012)

Although Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32) is overexpressed in two-thirds of gastric cancers, its impact on molecular functions has not been fully characterized. In this study, we examined the role of DARPP-32 in gastric cancer cell invasion. Using matrigel-coated Boyden chamber invasion assay, DARPP-32-overexpressing AGS cells showed a three-fold increase in invasion relative to the vector control (P < 0.01). We also tested the transendothelial cell invasion as a measure of cell aggressiveness using the impedance-based human umbilical vein endothelial cells invasion assay and obtained similar results (P < 0.001). Western blot analysis indicated that overexpression of DARPP-32 mediated an increase in the membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and CXCR4 protein levels. Consistent with the role of MT1-MMP in cleaving extracellular matrix proteins initiating the activation of soluble MMPs, we detected a robust increase in MMP-2 activity in DARPP-32-overexpressing cells. The knockdown of endogenous DARPP-32 in the MKN-45 cells reversed these signaling events and decreased cell invasive activity. We tested whether the invasive activity mediated by DARPP-32 might involve sustained signaling via CXCR4-dependent activation of the MT1-MMP/MMP-2 pathway. The small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) and CXCR4-siRNA blocked DARPP-32-induced cell invasion. We further examined our hypothesis that DARPP-32 could interact with CXCR4 and stabilize its levels following stimulation with its ligand, CXCL12. Using reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments, we found that DARPP-32 and CXCR4 coexist in the same protein complex. DARPP-32 prolonged the CXCR4 protein half-life and reduced ubiquitination of the CXCR4 protein, following treatment with its ligand, CXCL12. In conclusion, these findings show a novel mechanism by which DARPP-32 promotes cell invasion by regulating CXCR4-mediated activation of the MT1-MMP/MMP-2 pathway.
Cholesterol Reporter Molecules (2007)

Cholesterol is a major constituent of the membranes in most eukaryotic cells where it fulfills multiple functions. Cholesterol regulates the physical state of the phospholipid bilayer, affects the activity of several membrane proteins, and is the precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids. Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the formation of membrane microdomains such as "lipid rafts" and caveolae. However, our current understanding on the membrane organization, intracellular distribution and trafficking of cholesterol is rather poor. This is mainly due to inherent difficulties to label and track this small lipid. In this review, we describe different approaches to detect cholesterol in vitro and in vivo. Cholesterol reporter molecules can be classified in two groups: cholesterol binding molecules and cholesterol analogues. The enzyme cholesterol oxidase is used for the determination of cholesterol in serum and food. Susceptibility to cholesterol oxidase can provide information about localization, transfer kinetics, or transbilayer distribution of cholesterol in membranes and cells. The polyene filipin forms a fluorescent complex with cholesterol and is commonly used to visualize the cellular distribution of free cholesterol. Perfringolysin O, a cholesterol binding cytolysin, selectively recognizes cholesterol-rich structures. Photoreactive cholesterol probes are appropriate tools to analyze or to identify cholesterol binding proteins. Among the fluorescent cholesterol analogues one can distinguish probes with intrinsic fluorescence (e.g., dehydroergosterol) from those possessing an attached fluorophore group. We summarize and critically discuss the features of the different cholesterol reporter molecules with a special focus on recent imaging approaches.
Coherent radiation from a broad-area semiconductor laser in an external cavity (1990)

A compact external cavity configuration consisting of a gain guided array, a graded index lens, and a mode selective mirror was investigated. Results obtained from this external cavity configuration show 410 mW total power (CW) with a diffraction limited far field pattern.
Efficiency comparison between a Hybrid cascaded connected seven level converter and a Standard cascaded connected seven level converter for STATCOM applications at 15 kV utility grids (2009)

This paper presents the dimensioning and comparison in terms of efficiency, cost and waveform quality of a Hybrid 7 Level converter and a Standard cascaded connected 7 Level converter for 26MVA and 15kV STATCOM applications. In addition, these converters are compared with commercially available 2 Level and 3 Level NPC VSCs.
GRAPHENE MOVES TOWARD APPLICATIONS (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGRAPHENE MOVES TOWARD APPLICATIONSAs composites and inks become commercial products, ADVANCED ELECTRONICS remain a long way offMITCH JACOBYCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 47, 10–15Publication Date (Print):November 21, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 21 November 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v089n047.p010https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n047.p010newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
Computer vision guidance system for indoor navigation of visually impaired people (2016)

Visually Impaired (VI) and blind people suffer from reduced mobility, as they cannot detect the terrain and their environment. They always need assistance and walking support systems in their daily life. Solutions have been proposed many decades ago and are rapidly improving nowadays due to the technology evolution and integration. A large number of assistance aids have been deployed in real life situations whereas other concepts remained as research ideas. This paper describes a new approach of an ambient navigation system that would help the visually impaired or blind person to move freely indoor (house, office, etc.) without the assistance of anyone. The system is composed of IP cameras attached to the ceiling of each room and the smart phone of the subject is used as human machine interface (HMI). Frames are sent to a computer that analyzes the environment, detects and recognizes objects. A computer vision guidance algorithm is designed to help the user reach his destination (or his personal item) with obstacle detection. The system is commanded by voice messages via a simple mobile application. Feedbacks (alerts, route) are voice messages returns by the application to the user. This system provides a reliable solution to assist those users in their indoor navigation providing them a correct route with obstacle avoidance.