gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. (2011)

The rise of infection with hepatitis C virus worldwide and the lack of effective treatment for this infection has led to a rise in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, it is now accepted that the cirrhotic liver, regardless of etiology, is a nidus for tumor formation. A landmark study of 60 patients by Mazzaferro et al, published in 1996, forever changed the way in which surgeons approach this disease. The Milan criteria (one lesion <5 cm or three lesions < 3 cm each) were adopted by the United Network for Organ Sharing in 2002 as the criteria by which patients would be given exception points for liver transplantation for HCC. Resection for HCC in the cirrhotic patient has poor outcomes, and many patients' livers cannot be resected due to underlying portal hypertension and thrombocytopenia. Results of transplantation are excellent, with an 80% 5-year survival. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the use of sirolimus for immunosuppression management in these patients may improve long-term disease-free survival; however, no consensus has been reached across the transplant community.
Effect of acute plasma volume expansion on thermoregulation and exercise performance in the heat (2000)

These data suggest that, in moderately trained men, plasma volume expansion alone does not enhance thermoregulatory function and exercise performance during moderate intensity exercise in the heat.
Fundamental switching field distribution of a single domain particle derived from the Néel-Brown model (2011)

We present an analytical derivation of the switching field distribution for a single domain particle from the Néel-Brown model in the presence of a linearly swept magnetic field and influenced by thermal fluctuations. We show that the switching field distribution corresponds to a probability density function and can be obtained by solving a master equation for the not-switching probability together with the transition rate for the magnetization according to the Arrhenius-Néel Law. By calculating the first and second moments of the probability density function we succeed in modeling rate-dependent coercivity and the standard deviation of the coercive field. Complementary to the analytical approach, we also present a Monte Carlo simulation for the switching of a macrospin, which allows us to account for the field dependence of the attempt frequency. The results show excellent agreement with results from a Langevin dynamics simulation and therefore point out the importance to include the relevant dependencies in the attempt frequency. However, we conclude that the Néel-Brown model fails to predict switching fields correctly for common field rates and material parameters used in magnetic recording from the loss of normalization of the probability density function. Investigating the transition regime between thermally assisted and dynamic switching will be of future interest regarding the development of new magnetic recording technologies.
Pilot Study of Topical Trifluridine for the Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Disease in Patients with AIDS (ACTG 172) (1996)

Twenty-six AIDS patients were enrolled in an open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of topical 1 percent ophthalmic trifluridine solution for the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus disease unresponsive to at least 10 days of acyclovir therapy. Susceptibility testing to acyclovir, trifluridine, and foscarnet was determined by plaque reduction assay. Twenty-four patients were evaluable for efficacy and 25 for toxicity analyses. Seven patients (29 percent) had complete healing of lesions. The overall estimated median time to complete healing was 7.1 weeks. An additional seven patients had > or = 50 percent reduction in lesion area. The overall estimated median time to 50 percent healing was 2.4 weeks. Ten (42 percent) patients discontinued treatment for reasons other than primary treatment failure and seven (29 percent) for failure to respond to therapy. Baseline patient characteristics associated with greater reduction in lesion area included higher Karnofsky score (p = 0.05), fewer lesions (p = 0.07), smaller lesion area (p = 0.11), and trifluridine susceptibility (p = 0.07). Eight (33 percent) patients developed new lesions outside of the treatment area while on study, reflecting the local nature of this therapy. No dose-limiting toxicity attributable to trifluridine was reported. Given the limited options for the treatment of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex disease, topical trifluridine may be a useful alternative in selected patients.
Forodesine has high antitumor activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and activates p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis by induction of p73 and BIM (2009)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease derived from the monoclonal expansion of CD5(+) B lymphocytes. High expression levels of ZAP-70 or CD38 and deletions of 17p13 (TP53) and 11q22-q23 (ATM) are associated with poorer overall survival and shorter time to disease progression. DNA damage and p53 play a pivotal role in apoptosis induction in response to conventional chemotherapy, because deletions of ATM or p53 identify CLL patients with resistance to treatment. Forodesine is a transition-state inhibitor of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase with antileukemic activity. We show that forodesine is highly cytotoxic as single agent or in combination with bendamustine and rituximab in primary leukemic cells from CLL patients regardless of CD38/ZAP-70 expression and p53 or ATM deletion. Forodesine activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by decreasing the levels of antiapoptotic MCL-1 protein and induction of proapoptotic BIM protein. Forodesine induces transcriptional up-regulation of p73, a p53-related protein able to overcome the resistance to apoptosis of CLL cells lacking functional p53. Remarkably, no differences in these apoptotic markers were observed based on p53 or ATM status. In conclusion, forodesine induces apoptosis of CLL cells bypassing the DNA-damage/ATM/p53 pathway and might represent a novel chemotherapeutic approach that deserves clinical investigation.
Characterization of Cd‐induced molecular events prior to cellular damage in primary rat hepatocytes in culture: Activation of the stress activated signal protein JNK and transcription factor AP‐1 (2004)

The effect of Cadmium (Cd) on the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-jun, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) has been investigated. We previously reported that Cd causes cell damage as indicated by increases in the cytotoxic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation, and this damage was mediated by decreases in cellular concentration of glutathione. In the present study, we investigate the molecular events involved prior to the Cd-induced cellular toxicity and damage in primary rat hepatocytes. We propose that Cd, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prior to significant cellular damage, activates the stress activated signal protein JNK, regulates c-jun expression, and promotes the binding of a redox sensitive transcription factor AP-1. We show JNK activity and c-jun mRNA level significantly increased at 1 h and AP-1 DNA binding activity significantly enhanced at 3 h in the presence of 4 microM cadmium chloride. Blocking the Cd induction of JNK activity, c-jun mRNA level, and AP-1 binding activity using the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (10 mM) or carnosol (0.5 microg/mL) suggests a role for ROS. Blocking JNK activity and c-jun mRNA by SP600125 (20 microM), a JNK inhibitor, supports the role of JNK in transmission of signals induced by Cd.
Molecular dissection of the amygdala and its relevance to autism (2003)

The limbic system, and in particular the amygdala, have been implicated in autism. The amygdala is a complex structure that in rodents consists of at least 12 different nuclei or subnuclei. A comparative analysis of amygdala neuroanatomy in normal vs. autistic brains would be aided by the availability of molecular markers to unambiguously recognize these different amygdala substructures. Here we report on the development of methods to identify genes enriched in the central, lateral and medial nuclei of the rodent amygdala. Our results suggest that laser-capture microdissection of specific amygdala subnuclei, when combined with linear amplification of cRNA probes for oligonucleotide microarray hybridization, can efficiently identify genes whose expression is confined to these substructures. Importantly, many of these genes were missed in previous gene expression-profiling experiments using whole amygdala tissue. The isolation of human orthologs of these subnucleus-specific genes, and/or the application of these methods directly to human tissue, may provide useful markers for characterizing neuropathological correlates of autism, as well as for identifying molecular differences between normal and autistic brains.
1‐Cyclohexyl‐4‐(4‐arylcyclohexyl)piperazines: Mixed σ and Human Δ<sub>8</sub>–Δ<sub>7</sub> Sterol Isomerase Ligands with Antiproliferative and P‐Glycoprotein Inhibitory Activity (2010)

Many new chemotherapeutic agents are under preclinical investigation and, despite efforts to more selectively target cancer cells, limitations such as toxicity and inherent resistance are often encountered. Therefore, alternative strategies are needed to treat cancer and overcome such limitations. We describe novel cyclohexylpiperazine derivatives, designed as mixed affinity ligands for sigma (σ) receptors and human Δ₈-Δ₇ sterol isomerase (HSI) ligands, which also exhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory activity, with the aim of exploiting the antiproliferative effects mediated by σ and HSI sites while overcoming P-gp-mediated resistance. All of the compounds displayed high affinities for σ receptors and HSI sites, P-gp inhibitory activity, and σ₂ receptor agonist antiproliferative activity. Antiproliferative activity was also tested in PC-3 cells to establish σ₁ and HSI contribution. Compound cis-11, which displayed the best antiproliferative and P-gp inhibitory activities, was co-administered with 0.1 μM doxorubicin in MDCK-MDR1 cells. Compound cis-11 caused 70 % and 90 % cell death when co-administered at 30 μM and 50 μm, respectively. When administered alone, cis-11 resulted in 50 % cell death, demonstrating its single agent antitumor properties in a tumor cell line overexpressing P-gp.
Production of Anticoagulants in <i>Hansenula polymorpha</i> (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Production and characterization of H. polymorpha-derived hirudin Production and characterization of H. polymorpha-derived saratin
Arthroscopic Versus Open Stabilization for Anterior Shoulder Subluxations (2015)

Overall, patients with Bankart lesions resulting from an anterior glenohumeral subluxation event had excellent outcomes with surgical stabilization. The overall recurrence in the 19 subjects with at least 2-year follow-up was 6 cases (31%), with no instances of dislocation in this young, active cohort. There was no significant benefit to open or arthroscopic stabilization, and we did find that stabilization of subluxation patients with ≤3 events resulted in superior outcomes compared with chronic recurrent subluxation patients with >3 events. We recommend early surgical stabilization of young athletes with Bankart lesions that result from anterior subluxation events.
Sample Preparation Optimization for the Analysis of Gliadins in Food by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF-MS) of wheat gliadin extracts from distinct types of wheat varieties displays a similar characteristic gliadin mass pattern within the 30–40 kDa range. Direct observation of this pattern in food samples was used to identify gluten gliadins in food rapidly and easily. A modified sample preparation for gliadin analysis by MALDI/TOF-MS has improved sensitivity of gliadin detection by a factor of more than 50. This procedure allows the direct detection of complex mixtures of gluten gliadins in food sample extracts down to a concentration of 0.01 mg ml-1, i.e. down to levels which are toxic for coeliac patients. This highly sensitive improved method has been also exemplified by the facile detection of individual proteins at low concentrations (100–400 pmol ml-1). © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal-Artery Stenosis (2001)

Primary diseases of the renal arteries often involve the large renal arteries, whereas secondary diseases are frequently characterized by small-vessel and intrarenal vascular disease. In this article, we will concentrate on the two most common primary diseases of the renal arteries — atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis and fibromuscular dysplasia — and their association with two common clinical syndromes, hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. The relations among renal-artery stenosis, hypertension, and renal excretory dysfunction are complex (Figure 1). Renal-artery stenosis may occur alone (isolated anatomical renal-artery stenosis) or in association with hypertension, renal insufficiency (ischemic nephropathy), or both.Prevalence and Natural HistoryFibromuscular . . .
3. On the Coloration of the Blood (1845)

In the first part of the paper, the author states that he still maintains the opinion expressed in his published work on respiration, viz., that the quantity of carbonic acid formed in respiration is exactly equal to that of the oxygen consumed; and he enters into a detailed critical analysis of the different experiments recorded by authors on this subject, placing, however, his chief reliance upon those of Berthollet, and of Allen and Pepys, in order to justify his opinion. He also holds the view that the exhalation of carbonic acid and consumption of oxygen are not independent processes, but are the immediate result of the direct union of carbonic and oxygen within the air-cells of the lungs, and he expresses doubts as to the accuracy of the experiments of Edwards, which have by many been held to establish the opposite view.
Purification and cDNA cloning of Xenopus liver galectins and their expression (2002)

We have characterized galectin family proteins in adult tissues of Xenopus laevis and purified 14-kDa and 36-kDa proteins from the liver. The liver galectins showed comparable hemagglutination activities to those of mammalian galectins. Furthermore, we isolated five galectin cDNAs from a Xenopus liver library. These cDNAs revealed that X. laevis galectins (xgalectins) form a family consisting of at least proto and tandem repeat types based on their domain structures, like the mammalian galectin family. Two proto-type xgalectins, -Ia and -Ib, exhibited a high sequence identity (91%) with each other at the amino acid level and were most similar (49-50% identity) to human galectin-1. From their sequence similarity and ubiquitous tissue distributions, xgalectins-Ia and -Ib both seemed to be Xenopus homologues of mammalian galectin-1. Three tandem repeat-type xgalectins were newly identified. Two of them, xgalectins-IIa and -IIIa, seemed to be homologous to human galectins-4 and -9, respectively, judging from their high sequence similarities (42-50% identity). However, xgalectin-IVa seemed to be a novel type. Distributions of mRNAs of xgalectins were analyzed by northern hybridization. In addition to adult tissues, either of three tandem repeat-type xgalectins were expressed in whole embryos. Moreover, amino acid sequence analysis of liver proteins indicated that xgalectins-Ia, -IIa, and -IIIa are produced as abundant galectins in the adult liver.
Dynamic DSC Analysis of Dental Visible Light-cured Polyfunctional Urethane Resins (1998)

Therefor, the present study is to examine thernal properies of polymerization and thermally -induced decomposiiton of theree p[olyfunctional urethanes, using dynamic differential scanning `calorimetry(DSC) analysis.
Experimental verification of mathematical models adequacy of the new continuous metallurgical process JEP (2018)

A comparative analysis of the experimental data obtained at a large-scale experimental installation and the results of modeling and optimization in the "Engineering-Metallurgy" system for various technological options in the unit of spray-emulsion type is carried out in the paper.
Improved Mirror Mounting for Optical Interferometers (1955)

A mirror mounting for use with interferometers is described which enables the rotational adjustments of the optical surface to be made about axes passing through the center of that surface. This feature resulted in considerable simplification of the adjustment of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which it was used. Some special properties of the mounting are mentioned.
[Ischemic risk in the case of celiac trunk occlusion in patients undergoing pancreatodeodenectomy. Multicenter study and review of literature]. (1999)

The risk of supra mesocolic ischemia by obstruction of the coeliac trunk is low, but can be minimized by performing trial clamping of the gastroduodenal artery. Revascularization should be performed if trial clamping induces a reduction of blood flow.
Covering radius and the Restricted Isometry Property (2011)

The Restricted Isometry Property or RIP introduced by Candes and Tao requires an n × p dictionary to act as a near isometry on all k-sparse signals. This paper provides a very simple condition under which a dictionary Φ(C) obtained by exponentiating codewords from a binary linear code C satisfies the RIP with high probability. The method is to bound the difference between the dictionary Φ(C) and a second dictionary A generated by a random Bernoulli process which is known to satisfy the RIP with high probability. The difference Δ - Φ(C) is controlled by the covering radius of C, a fundamental parameter that is bounded above by the number of weights in the dual code C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">⊥</sup> (the external distance of C). The main result complements a more sophisticated asymptotic analysis by Babadi and Tarokh of the distribution of eigenvalues of random submatrices of Φ(C). In this analysis, divergence from the distribution corresponding to the full Bernoulli matrix depends on a different fundamental parameter of C, namely the minimum distance of the dual code C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">⊥</sup> .
THE CHEMISTRY OF SUBMARINE CEMENT FORMATION AT DOHAT HUSSAIN IN THE PERSIAN GULF (1969)

SUMMARY A chemical study made at Dohat Hussain lagoon in Qatar, has supported other field observations that submarine carbonate cementation is probably active there today. The source of the cement is the lagoon water, supersaturated with aragonite. In the lagoon the supersaturation is too low to effect spontaneous nucleation and thus precipitation of carbonate, but just below the sediment‐water interface both the presence of a stable substrate and supersaturation promote aragonite precipitation. In soft sediment layers in between cemented layers no supersaturation was found. The carbonate saturation of various water samples is tabulated below: image
Some Analogues of 1,4‐Disubstituted Piperazines as Hypnotic and Sedative Agents (1995)

Preparation, analytical data, and biological properties such as acute toxicity, influence on spontaneous and amphetamine induced locomotor activity, hypnotic activity, influence on hexobarbital narcosis and anticonvulsant activity of new analogues of pyrimidyl piperazines--ethyl 3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-oxopropanoate (4), 1-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,3-butandione (5), ethyl 3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]butanoate (6) and 1-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-acetyl-1-hexanone (7)--are reported.
<title>Design and operational characteristics of a PV 001 image tube incorporated with EB CCD readout</title> (1991)

A luminescence screen was replaced with a thinned, backside-illuminated, electron bombarded (EB) CCD in a well-known PV 001 streak/shutter image converter tube. The tube was mounted into an experimental camera prototype for measurement of its main technical characteristics. Under EB CCD readout operation in a free-scanning, slow-speed mode, the overall system spatial resolution was higher than 40 lp/mm at 10% MTF, and the linear part of the light transfer function was not less than 130. In streak mode the PV 001/EB CCD image tube exhibited threshold sensitivity of not less than 10-10 J/cm2 when recording 40 ps, 850 nm radiation pulses from a semiconductor laser. The preliminary results indicate that the PV 001/EB CCD image tube has quite a stable infrared sensitivity of its S1 photocathode.
Direct Observation of Transitions between Surface-Dominated and Bulk Diffusion Regimes in Nanochannels (2009)

The diffusion of charged proteins in liquid-filled nanometer-sized apertures with charged surfaces has been investigated with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Based on a two-dimensional (2D) multicomponent diffusion model, key parameters such as the number of molecules diffusing freely inside the nanochannel or interacting with the surfaces, together with the specific diffusion parameters, could be extracted. Different regimes of diffusion have been observed and described by a model, which takes into account the steric exclusion, the reversible surface adsorption of the biomolecules, and the exclusion-enrichment effect that is due to the charge of the proteins and the ionic strength of the solution. Conditions where the diffusion of proteins through nanoconfined spaces can be of the same magnitude as in the bulk were both predicted and experimentally verified.
The effect of rate of weight loss on erythrocyte glutathione concentration and synthesis in healthy obese men (2002)

Obesity is commonly associated with a high incidence and prevalence of dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes. Interestingly, studies have also reported decreased antioxidant levels in obese subjects. This may constitute an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease as obese subjects would have a decreased capacity to prevent the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins, which is a mechanism suggested as central to the development of atherogenesis. As part of a study to investigate responses to weight loss, we have assessed the effects on GSH status of a decrease in body mass of 5%, either after 6 days of complete starvation or 11 days of a very low calorie diet (2.55MJ/day). There were significant differences between the two groups in the synthesis rate of erythrocyte GSH in response to weight loss. Both the fractional and the erythrocyte synthesis rate of GSH decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the starvation group by 22% and 16% respectively. In contrast, no change in synthesis rates was observed in the very low calorie diet group (P>0.05). Total erythrocyte concentration of GSH was unaffected by the weight loss within both groups. These results suggest that erythrocyte GSH synthesis is depressed in response to a very rapid weight loss induced by fasting. An acute reduction in GSH synthesis in response to a rapid weight loss may constitute a risk factor during periods of increased GSH demands.