gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A neural network training algorithm utilizing multiple sets of linear equations (2002)

A fast algorithm is presented for the training of multilayer perceptron neural networks. In each iteration, there are two passes through the training data. In the first pass, linear equations are solved for the output weights. In the second data pass, linear equations are solved for hidden unit weight changes. Full batching is used in both data passes. An algorithm is described for calculating the learning factor for use with the hidden weights. It is shown that the technique is significantly faster than standard output weight optimization-backpropagation.
Calibration of the logarithmic-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) radio stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an octocopter (2017)

: An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4 +0.9 -0.3 % and 10.3 +2.8 -1.7 % respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8 +2.1 -1.3 % in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60 .
Ultra-compact nanophotonic structures for down-conversion and down-shifting enhancement (2014)

26-30 mai 2014
Estrogen and progesterone receptor levels are lower in specimens taken from previously biopsied breast tumor tissue (1987)

Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PgR) levels and peroxidase activity were measured in the first biopsy and in tissue removed 4-10 days later during mastectomy of previously biopsied tumor. The proportion of ER- and PgR-positive tumors declined from 71% and 63%, respectively, in the biopsy group, to 46% and 36% in the mastectomy group. Peroxidase activity was low or absent in all biopsy specimens, but was present in 16 out of 25 tumors which had been biopsied previously. Receptor levels in paired specimens obtained from the same patient were lower in the mastectomy in 14 out of 18 receptor-positive cases. This decrease in the receptor level was accompanied by a significant increase in peroxidase activity. We suggest that an attempt be made to perform receptor analysis from "virgin" tumor tissues at initial biopsy. If this is not possible, measurement of peroxidase activity could be helpful in evaluating the degree of receptor deterioration.
Mechanism of polymyxin B action and selectivity toward biologic membranes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of polymyxin B action and selectivity toward biologic membranesChuen Chin Hsu Chen and David S. FeingoldCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 11, 2105–2111Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00735a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00735a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views937Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conducting the initiation of protein synthesis: the role of eIF4G (2003)

The eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G is a large modular protein which serves as a docking site for initiation factors and proteins involved in RNA translation. Together with eIF4E and eIF4A, eIF4G constitutes the eIF4F complex which is a key component in promoting ribosome binding to the mRNA. Thus, the central role of eIF4G in initiation makes it a valid target for events aimed at modulating translation. Such events occur during viral infection by picornaviruses and lentiviruses and result in the hijack of the translational machinery through cleavage of eIF4G. Proteolysis of eIF4G is also mediated by caspases during the onset of apoptosis causing inhibition of protein synthesis. We will review the role of eIF4G and protein partners as well as the cellular and viral events that modulate eIF4G activity in the initiation of translation.
Target-in-the-loop remote sensing of laser beam and atmospheric turbulence characteristics (2016)

A new target-in-the-loop (TIL) atmospheric sensing concept for in situ remote measurements of major laser beam characteristics and atmospheric turbulence parameters is proposed and analyzed numerically. The technique is based on utilization of an integral relationship between complex amplitudes of the counterpropagating optical waves known as overlapping integral or interference metric, whose value is preserved along the propagation path. It is shown that the interference metric can be directly measured using the proposed TIL sensing system composed of a single-mode fiber-based optical transceiver and a remotely located retro-target. The measured signal allows retrieval of key beam and atmospheric turbulence characteristics including scintillation index and the path-integrated refractive index structure parameter.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF D‐GLUCOSIDIC SPIROORTHOESTERS BY THE STEREOSELECTIVE PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF HYDROXYALKYL D‐GLUCOSIDES (1984)

Abstract Die durch Koenigs‐Knorr‐Reaktion der Acetobromglucose (I) mit einem Diol entstehenden Hydroxyalkyiglykoside (II) werden durch Bestrahlung in die Spiro‐orthoester (III) übergeführt.
A single-longitudinal-mode holographic solid-state laser oscillator (2002)

We present the results of a laser resonator design that uses a 3-D volume gain grating formed by spatial hole-burning. The induced gain-grating can be considered a dynamic holographic element with diffractive properties that provide both spectral and spatial mode control of a high-gain flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser system. The dynamic parametric growth of the grating initiated from amplified spontaneous emission in the cavity produces a self Q-switching resulting in short pulse formation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Why are we so afraid of nuclear radiation? (2004)

The origin of the LNT model of radiation carcinogenesis is outlined. The A-bomb survivor cancer mortality data are shown to not support this model at all. The nature of cancer and the role of the body's natural defence mechanisms are discussed. A simple biological model of the effect of radiation is shown to be more credible and consistent with the observed beneficial health effects at low doses and adverse effects at high doses. Important therapeutic applications of low-dose irradiations are mentioned. Reference is made to the UNSCEAR 2000 Report on sources and effects of ionising radiation, its comparison of natural and human-made sources and its review of the health effects of the Chernobyl accident. The evidence indicates public fear of low-dose and low-level radiation is unwarranted and blocks efforts to supply reliable, environmentally friendly nuclear energy and important medical therapies. ICRP resolution of the contradictions is urgently needed.
Additional file 8: Figure S5. of The endonuclease domain of the LINE-1 ORF2 protein can tolerate multiple mutations (2016)

Acute toxicity assay in HeLa cells transiently transfected with EN putative phosphorylation mutant plasmids. HeLa cells were cotransfected with a NeoR expression vector and the indicated EN putative phosphorylation mutant plasmid. EN is the functional protein and EN- is a non-functional protein containing inactivating mutations (D205A/H230A). Control indicates cells transfected with an empty vector and the NeoR expression vector. Colony formation was assayed after 2Â weeks under G418 selection (Y-axis) and used as a measure of toxicity as previously described [26, 42]. (PNG 2274Â kb)
The Effect of Inlet Flow Profile Simplifications in Computational Fluid Dynamics of the Carotid Bifurcation (2011)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is emerging as a powerful tool for researching the role of blood flow in disease processes. Modern clinical imaging technology such as magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and computed tomography (CT) can provide very high resolution information about the geometry of patients’ vasculature for such modeling. However, in many situations, patient-specific inlet velocity information is not available. In these situations, a simplified velocity profile must be selected. In this study, we sought to identify how idealized inlet velocity profiles (blunt flow, parabolic flow, and Womersley flow) affect patient-specific CFD results when compared to simulations employing the real measured velocity profile for each patient. Focusing on the carotid bifurcation, a site prone to atherosclerosis because of its branching geometry and oscillatory flow patterns, we investigated the effect of inlet flow assumptions on hemodynamic parameters known to be associated with atherosclerosis and vascular disease, namely mean wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) [1].
Settlement of Shallow Foundations (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Two-Dimensional Probabilistic Foundation Settlement Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Foundation Settlement Strip Footing Risk Assessment Resistance Factors for Shallow-Foundation Settlement Design
Stem cells for neural regeneration--a potential application of very small embryonic-like stem cells. (2011)

The goal of regenerative medicine is to ameliorate irreversible destruction of brain tissue by harnessing the power of stem cells in the process of neurogenesis. Several types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, as well as neural cells differentiated from embryonic stem cell lines, have been proposed as potential therapeutic vehicles. In this review paper we will discuss a perspective of stem cell therapies for neurological disorders with special emphasis on potential application of cells isolated from adult tissues. In support of this our group found that murine bone marrow contains a mobile population of Oct-4+CXCR4+SSEA-1+Sca-1+lin⁻CD45⁻ very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) that are mobilized into peripheral blood in a murine stroke model. The number of these cells in circulation increases also after pharmacological mobilization by administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Recently we found that VSELs are present in various non-hematopoietic adult organs and, interestingly, our data indicate that the brain contains a high number of cells that display the VSEL phenotype. Based on our published data both in human and mice we postulate that VSELs are a mobile population of epiblast/germ line-derived stem cells and play an important role as an organ-residing reserve population of pluripotent stem cells that give rise to stem cells committed to particular organs and tissues--including neural tissue. In conclusion human VSELs could be potentially harnessed in regenerative medicine as a source of stem cells for neurogenesis.
SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION AND DEPOSITION MODELS FOR MOBILE BAY, ALABAMA (1976)

The objective of this study is the application of hydrodynamic and material transport mathematical models for Mobile Bay in predicting sediment transport and deposition profiles within the bay system. Of particular importance are the seasonal variations of sediment distribution which are critically influenced by current patterns within the estuary. Both point and non-point sources of sediment will be included in the analysis. Results will be presented in two ways. The first or long term variations in sediment distribution will be assessed by correlation with tidal cycle average velocities at various locations within the bay. Calculated distribution patterns will be compared with observed bathemetic data over the past century. The net effect of the construction of the Mobile ship channel on deposition patterns within the bay will also be evaluated. Secondly, short term variations in sediment transport and deposition resulting from man-made and natural disturbances will be analysed using a sediment transport model. This model will include deposition, bulk fluid transport and resuspenslon characteristics and will be capable of predicting localized, short term sediment patterns from maintenance dredging operations within the bay. Model trend results will be compared with field data collected during recent dredging activities and high altitude photographic data obtained for the bay area.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction of Sugar‐Derived Cyclic Dienophiles with Cyclopentadiene. Factors Affecting the Reactivity and Stereoselectivity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evolving DNA methylation and gene expression markers of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in pre-diagnostic blood samples more than 10 years prior to diagnosis (2017)

Our findings demonstrate the presence in prediagnostic blood of future CLL patients, more than 10 years before diagnosis, of CLL-like cells which evolve as preclinical disease progresses, and point to early molecular alterations with a pathogenetic potential.
Deciphering the molecular determinants of cholinergic anthelmintic sensitivity in nematodes: When novel functional validation approaches highlight major differences between the model Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic species (2018)

Cholinergic agonists such as levamisole and pyrantel are widely used as anthelmintics to treat parasitic nematode infestations. These drugs elicit spastic paralysis by activating acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) expressed in nematode body wall muscles. In the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, genetic screens led to the identification of five genes encoding levamisole-sensitive-AChR (L-AChR) subunits: unc-38, unc-63, unc-29, lev-1 and lev-8. These subunits form a functional L-AChR when heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Here we show that the majority of parasitic species that are sensitive to levamisole lack a gene orthologous to C. elegans lev-8. This raises important questions concerning the properties of the native receptor that constitutes the target for cholinergic anthelmintics. We demonstrate that the closely related ACR-8 subunit from phylogenetically distant animal and plant parasitic nematode species functionally substitutes for LEV-8 in the C. elegans L-AChR when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The importance of ACR-8 in parasitic nematode sensitivity to cholinergic anthelmintics is reinforced by a 'model hopping' approach in which we demonstrate the ability of ACR-8 from the hematophagous parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus to fully restore levamisole sensitivity, and to confer high sensitivity to pyrantel, when expressed in the body wall muscle of C. elegans lev-8 null mutants. The critical role of acr-8 to in vivo drug sensitivity is substantiated by the successful demonstration of RNAi gene silencing for Hco-acr-8 which reduced the sensitivity of H. contortus larvae to levamisole. Intriguingly, the pyrantel sensitivity remained unchanged thus providing new evidence for distinct modes of action of these important anthelmintics in parasitic species versus C. elegans. More broadly, this highlights the limits of C. elegans as a predictive model to decipher cholinergic agonist targets from parasitic nematode species and provides key molecular insight to inform the discovery of next generation anthelmintic compounds.
Optical autocorrelator that uses a surface-emitting second-harmonic generator on (211)B GaAs (1994)

An optical autocorrelator grown on a (211)B GaAs substrate that uses visible surface-emitted second-harmonic generation is demonstrated. The (211)B orientation needs TE mode excitation only, thus eliminating the problem of the beating between the TE and TM modes that is required for (100)-grown devices; it also has the advantage of giving higher upconversion efficiency than (111) growth. Values of waveguide loss and the difference in the effective refractive index between the TE(0) and TE(1) modes were also obtained from the autocorrelation experiment.
A Scheme for Detecting Selfish Nodes in MANETs Using OMNET++ (2010)

In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), each node has to rely on others to relay its packets. Since most mobile nodes are typically constrained by power and computing resources, some nodes may choose not to be cooperative by refusing to do so while still using the network to forward their packets. Most previous works focus on data forwarding. However, dropping control packets is a better strategy for the selfish nodes to avoid themselves from being asked to forward data packets and hence could conserve resources for their own use. In this paper, we present a new mechanism to detect those selfish nodes. Each node is expected to contribute to the network on the continual basis within a time frame. Those which fail will undergo a test for their suspicious behaviour. Simulation results shows that our scheme could be used to detect selfish nodes in a network.
Speckles and their dynamics for structured target illumination: optical spatial filtering velocimetry (2009)

This contribution analyzes the dynamics of laser speckle patterns, designed for sensing with a receiver, based on spatial-filtering.Speckle translation is probed after freespace propagation of light scattered from non-specular moving surfaces.By structuring the target illumination the speckle patterns can be modulated with a fine structure, enhancing performance of the spatial filter.The space-time normalized cross-covariance function of speckle patterns incident on the spatial filter is presented for a simple structure of the field distribution on the target.This function provides the corresponding statistical parameters, i.e. structural size, velocity and decorrelation length, for both the speckles and the fine structure.The analysis also reveals that the speckles and the fine structure do not necessarily translate as a rigid structure.The spatial power spectrum for the speckle patterns and the spatial filter defines the optimum geometry for the structured illumination.The temporal power spectrum of the photocurrent from the optical spatial filter illustrates the direct influence of the speckle statistics on the sensor performance.Experimentally, a significant increase in signal level is obtained when illuminating the target with a structured field distribution, rather than using a single Gaussian beam.Moreover, the option of improving the signal quality by manipulating the target illumination will be discussed theoretically and experimentally.
Change of Surface state of Ge by Electron Bomberdment (1961)

The effects of electron bombardment on the surface state of germanium were studied by measuring the reverse current of a field in a p-n junction. An alloy type n-p junction was prepared with 30 ohm-cm n type germanium, and the reverse current for an electric field applied to the surface opposite from the alloying surface was photographed on an oscilloscope before and after bombardment of varying electron dosages up to 4.2 x lO/sup 15/ electrons/cm/sup 2/ (0.8 Mev and 0.2 mu a). The contribution to the reverse current is the recombination of charged carriers on the germanium surface, and surface potential was computed from the data. The curve showing the relationship between the surface potential and dosage is given. (D.L.C.)
Reservoir characterization by cross-hole seismic imaging. Final report, September 15, 1989--June 30, 1994 (1995)

Better characterization of reservoirs requires better images of those reservoirs. This report documents the research undertaken at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology`s Earth Resources Laboratory (ERL) to improve seismic tomographic images. In addition, the new imaging method was applied to a data set collected in a producing oil field. The method developed is nonlinear travel time tomography. This technique uses the travel time of the first arriving energy at a receiver and distributes that time back along realistic ray paths. This is an important distinction between this method and previous methods that used either straight ray paths from source to receiver or fixed ray paths (ray paths fixed by an a priori model). The nonlinearity arises during each iteration in the matching of observed travel times with those determined from a model. In this technique the model is updated during each iteration (the velocity structure is changed) and new ray paths are computed in that update model. Thus the resulting image is based on physically realistic ray paths. Tomography resolution is not merely a simple function of the wavelength of the seismic energy used but also involves a measure of how well a given region has been sampled by ray paths. Moreover, the ray paths must represent a wide variation in inclination as they pass through a given spatial cell. This imaging technique was applied to a compressional wave data set collected at ERL`s Michigan Test Site located in the Northern Reef Trend of MI. It consists of two deep boreholes that straddle a producing reef. Two hundred source positions and two hundred receiver positions were used to obtain 40,000 ray paths. Although ERL`s boreholes are 2,000 ft apart, kilohertz data was obtained. The resulting image of the reservoir showed a low velocity zone inside the reef and a thin layer of low velocity that intersected one of the boreholes. The presence of this thin layer was confirmed by logs and borehole engineering.