gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Vision: Visual Perception for Computer Generated Forces Using the Programmable Graphics Pipeline (2004)

In visual simulations, the human must make most of her decisions based on the visual cues rendered to her display. On the other hand, synthetic forces have the luxury of basing their decisions on the data contained in the simulation's model. Line of sight calculations are often examples of the synthetic player's excess of information. Current methodologies for determining a synthetic player's line of sight to a target are generally variations of a ray-casting technique. Hiding from a synthetic player in plain sight by using shadow, camouflage, or by simply remaining motionless is not possible. Synthetic vision is an alternative to ray-casting. We perform multiple renders from each synthetic player's point of view and temporarily maintain those images in graphics memory. We then execute vertex and fragment shader programs to make comparisons of the stored images. All the renders and calculations are performed on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and the result is returned to the synthetic player in the form of an annotated list of visible targets. Performing these target visibility calculations on the GPU gives the synthetic player a more robust spectrum of visual inputs with which to make decisions, enabling more realistic behaviors.
Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (1951)

The author has done a splendid job of correlating systematically the results of the investigative work of many thousands of scientists in this difficult field. Since proteins are the basis of life, being inextricably connected with the phenomena of growth and reproduction, many phases of this dissertation should be of both philosophical and practical interest to the physician. The new phase of protein research, as elucidated by the author, has as its main goal the reconstruction of the complicated framework of the protein molecule itself. The last few chapters should prove of special interest to physicians. Included are such topics as proteins with enzymatic properties, proteins with hormone activity, role of proteins in immunologic reactions and the supply of amino acids for protein biosynthesis. The book is to be recommended as an advanced textbook on the subject as well as a handy reference for workers in the field.
[The family, a forgotten patient]. (1997)

Presented are ideas, based on the previous work of D. Orem, regarding the need to include the family in the care of an ill member, from the point of view of the health care worker. By including the family as part of the patient care in their nursing plans, nurses can focus on all of the aspects that effect the patients treatment and prognosis.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUTRAL PRODUCTS FROM NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN THE GAS PHASE. DISPLACEMENT OF WATER FROM PROTONATED SECONDARY ALCOHOLS (1981)

Abstract Ein Gemisch des Alkohols (I) und des Bromids (IIa) mit NH 3 ergibt bei einem Bombardement in der Gasphase mit 70‐eV‐Elek tronen die Ether (IIIa) und (IIIb) im Verhältnis über 5:1.
Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter Wave Band: Impact of Beam Alignment Error (2019)

Exploiting the millimeter wave (mmWave) band has recently attracted considerable attention as a potential solution to widespread deployment of device-to-device (D2D) communication challenges, namely, spectrum scarcity and interference. However, its directional nature makes the utilization of mmWave band a challenging task as it requires careful beam alignment between the D2D transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we investigate the impact of inaccurate angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation as a beam alignment impairment on the performance of a directional mmWave D2D network. We have used tools from stochastic geometry to quantify the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability in the presence of beam misalignment, which can be applied to evaluate D2D network performance. Moreover, the analytical results are verified to be reliable and effective through extensive simulations. Finally, the coverage probability of the D2D network with erroneous beam alignment is compared to the network with perfect beam alignment. The numerical results indicate that the beam misalignment can lead to significant losses in the network's coverage probability.
Fuentes sismogénicas y deslizamientos en Villavicencio para la microzonificación sísmica (2000)

This document presents the seismic sources that could affect the urban area of Villavicencio city. It also presents a general analysis of the landslides in the history of the cíty and the morphodynamical model in which several degrees of susceptibility of the constituent substances are shown. These have been divided into those of mountainous zones and those of flat zones.
Low Chronic Pacing Thresholds of Steroid‐Eluting Active‐Fixation Ventricular Pacemaker Leads: A Useful Alternative to Passive‐Fixation Leads (2000)

Active-fixation pacemaker leads enable pacing at various sites, have a low dislodgment rate, and are easier to extract than passive-fixation leads, though are usually not routinely implanted in the ventricle because of their higher pacing threshold. The long-term pacing threshold associated with an active-fixation steroid-eluting lead was prospectively measured in 18 women and 20 men. At a mean follow-up of 14 months (range 3-25 months), pacing threshold increased from 0.71 +/- 0.29 V to 0.96 +/- 0.28 V (P = 0.01) between implant and the first month of follow-up, then remained stable over time, consistently allowing the long-term programming of the ventricular output at 2.5 V, while lead impedance remained stable (from 647 +/- 161 omega at implant to 666 +/- 122 omega at last follow-up). If the long-term performance of this type of lead is confirmed, the routine implantation of ventricular steroid-eluting active-fixation leads should be considered since lead extraction has become a major concern.
Charge Equalization Unit for a NiCd Battery of Small Earth Observation Satellite EPS Simulation (2007)

Abstract:- In micro, mini and small satellites because of needs for higher bus voltage and small required battery capacities, batteries are nearly always used in series combinations of multiple cells. When a series string of cells is charged as a group, a single current is imposed on all the cells. However, if the voltages begin to differ, the result is a charge imbalance that can lead ultimately to battery failure. In any useful series battery charge process, some type of “charge balancing ” or “equalization ” must take place to restore balance or at least prevent it from growing. This paper reviews battery behavior and performance related to the equalization problem, in the context of Nickel Cadmium batteries. Equalization processes can extend the life of battery packs. Active equalization with a DC-DC converter speeds the process and supports exchange (sharing) with the weak cell(s) Passive equalization is too slow in most contexts for strings longer than about 12 cells especially in a space applications. A Matlab Simulink model is built for a charge equalization unit of a 22 cells NiCd battery stack. Model is tested with a resistive load as well as with real battery cells. Simulation results confirm the applicability of the equalization control technique.
Interference and Switching of Josephson Current Carried by Nonlocal Spin-Entangled Electrons in a SQUID-Like System with Quantum Dots (2011)

The Josephson current of spin-entangled electrons through the two branches of a SQUID-like structure with two quantum dots exhibits a magnetic-flux response different from the conventional Josephson current. Because of their interference, the period of maximum Josephson current changes from h/2e to h/e, which can be used for detecting the Cooper-pair splitting efficiency. The nonlocal spin entanglement provides a quantum mechanical functionale for switching on and off this novel Josephson current, and explicitly a switch is formulated by including a pilot junction. It is shown that the device can be used to measure the magnitude of split-tunneling Josephson current.
Electrochemically Driven, Electrode‐Addressable Formation of Functionalized Polydopamine Films for Neural Interfaces (2012)

Die elektrodenspezifische Bildung von Polydopaminfilmen gelingt durch das Anlegen eines positiven Potentials an die Zielelektroden bei pH 6.0. Durch gemeinsame Abscheidung von Dopamin mit anderen molekularen Substanzen erhält man funktionalisierte Filme auf den Elektroden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Quality of Freedom is Not Strained (1965)

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: News
Purification behaviour of GH4169 scraps under argon atmosphere during vacuum induction melting (2014)

The purification behaviour of GH4169 scraps under argon atmosphere was systematically investigated. The experiments were performed by vacuum induction melting technology using Y2O3 crucible. The denitrogenation and carbon-deoxidation behaviours at different temperatures under argon atmosphere were clarified by thermodynamics and kinetics analysis. The results indicated that argon atmosphere played an important role in the denitrogenation and deoxidation behaviours. The oxygen and nitrogen contents of the samples decreased with increaing vacuum degree. Under the same argon atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen level presented a distinct trend with temperature. Nitrogen content did not change significantly with temperature increasing while oxygen content had a minimum value at 1873 K. In the absence of argon atmosphere, the nitrogen and oxygen contents in the alloy could be reduced from 72×10−6 to 7×10−6 and 28×10−6 to 8×10−6, respectively.
Plight of enrolled nurses (1988)

I am writing in reply to your I editorial (Nursing Standard-week ending August 27) concerning the plight of enrolled nurses within the clinical grading structure.
Moderate hyperglycemia augments ischemic brain damage (1982)

We compared the effects of glucose injection with those of saline or mannitol on ischemic brain damage and brain water content in a four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) rat model, which simultaneously causes severe forebrain ischemia and moderate hindbrain ischemia. Glucose given before onset of ischemia was followed by severe brain injury, with necrosis of the majority of neocortical neurons and glia, substantial neuronal damage throughout the remainder of forebrain, and severe brain edema. By comparison, saline injection before forebrain ischemia resulted in only scattered ischemic damage confined to neurons and no change in the brain water content. Mannitol injection before 4-VO or D-glucose injection during or after 4-VO produced no greater forebrain damage than did the saline injection. Morphologic damage in the cerebellum, however, was increased by D-glucose injection given either before or during 4-VO. The results demonstrate that hyperglycemia before severe brain ischemia or during moderate ischemia markedly augments morphologic brain damage.
Mdm2-mediated NEDD8 Modification of TAp73 Regulates Its Transactivation Function (2006)

Mutations in p73 are rare in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the relative expression of various p73 isoforms may contribute to tumorigenesis. Alternative promoters and N-terminal splicing result in the transcription and processing of either full-length (TA) or N-terminally truncated (deltaN) p73 isoforms. TAp73 possesses pro-apoptotic functions, while deltaNp73 has anti-apoptotic properties via functional inhibition of TAp73 and p53. Here, we report that TAp73, but not deltaNp73, is covalently modified by NEDD8 under physiologic conditions in an Mdm2-dependent manner. Co-expression of NEDP1, a cysteine protease that specifically cleaves NEDD8 conjugates, was shown to deneddylate TAp73. In addition, blockage of the endogenous NEDD8 pathway increased TAp73-mediated transactivation of p53- and p73-responsive promoter-driven reporter activity, and in conjunction, neddylated TAp73 species were found preferentially in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that Mdm2 attenuates TAp73 transactivation function, at least in part, by promoting NEDD8-dependent TAp73 cytoplasmic localization and provide the first evidence of a covalent post-translational modification exclusively targeting the TA isoforms of p73.
Effects of different activation treatments on fertilization of horse oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (2000)

The effects of four reagents on the activation and subsequent fertilization of equine oocytes, and the development of these after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, were investigated. Cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from equine ovaries obtained from an abattoir were matured in vitro for 40-44 h in TCM199 medium before being injected, when in metaphase II, with an immobilized stallion spermatozoon. The cumulus-oocyte complexes were then subjected to one of five activation treatments: (a) 10 micromol ionomycin l(-1) for 10 min; (b) 7% (v/v) ethanol for 10 min; (c) 100 micromol thimerosal l(-1) for 10 min; (d) 250 micromol inositol 1,4, 5-triphosphate l(-1) injection; and (e) no treatment (control). After 18-20 h further culture, the cumulus-oocyte complexes were assessed for activation by observing whether they had progressed through second anaphase-telophase and had formed a female pronucleus. The proportions of oocytes activated after each treatment were: 16/27 (59%) for ionomycin; 14/25 (56%) for ethanol; 22/28 (79%) for thimerosal; 15/27 (56%) for inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; and 0/20 (0%) for the untreated controls. Thus, significantly more oocytes (P < 0.05) were activated by treatment with thimerosal than by the other four treatments. The proportions of oocytes that cleaved to the two-cell stage at 24-30 h after sperm injection in the groups treated with ionomycin, ethanol and thimerosal were 7/20 (35%), 5/19 (26%) and 11/23 (48%), respectively. No cleavage was observed in any of the control oocytes or those treated with inositol 1,4, 5-triphosphate. Furthermore, evidence of normal fertilization was observed in 2/7 (29%), 2/5 (40%) and 7/11 (64%) of the oocytes treated with ionomycin, ethanol and thimerosal, respectively. These results demonstrated that: (a) it is possible to activate equine oocytes with the chemical stimulants, ionomycin, ethanol, thimerosal and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; (b) thimerosal is more effective than the other three reagents in facilitating both meiotic activation and normal fertilization of equine oocytes; and (c) chemical activation may also stimulate parthenogenetic cleavage of oocytes without concurrent changes in the head of the spermatozoon.
Studies on ordered mixtures for fast release and dissolution of drugs with low aqueous solubility (1992)

Studies on ordered mixtures for fast release and dissolution of drugs with low aqueous solubility
The reactions of acetylene and propyne at the surface of liquid sodium (1971)

The reactions of acetylene and propyne at the surface of liquid sodium have been studied at 110, 150, and 200 °C. A fresh metal surface was maintained by magnetic stirring, so arranged that the metal poured continuously over a baffle plate. The course of the reactions was followed from pressure–time curves, and the i.r. spectra of the gas phase. At 110 °C, propyne reacts smoothly according to equation (i) and all hydrogen atoms produced at the 3MeCCH + 2Na → 2NaCCMe + MeCHCH2(i), surface of the metal are employed in the hydrogenation of propyne to propene. A smaller effect (probably polymerisation) also becomes evident at 200 °C. The behaviour of acetylene is markedly different, and the reaction proceeds in two stages. In the first, disodium acetylide (but no hydrogen acetylide) is formed, and the gas phase consists of hydrogen and ethylene in the ratio 1·42 : 1 at 150 °C. No ethane was detected. The second stage involves reaction of hydrogen with sodium metal, and this does not commence until all acetylene is removed from the gas phase. The results are discussed qualitatively in terms of the relative absorption of the gases at the sodium surface, which may have some analogies with their absorption coefficients at transition-metal surfaces.
Overview on how oncogenic Kras promotes pancreatic carcinogenesis by inducing low intracellular ROS levels (2013)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease without clearly known disease causes. Recent epidemiological and animal studies suggest that the supplementation of dietary antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) decreases cancer risk, implying that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, oncogenic Kras mutations (e.g., Kras(G12D)), which are present in more than 90% of PDAC, have been proven to foster low intracellular ROS levels. Here, oncogenic Kras activates expression of a series of anti-oxidant genes via Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) and also mediates an unusual metabolic pathway of glutamine to generate NADPH. This can then be used as the reducing power for ROS detoxification, leading collectively to low ROS levels in pancreatic pre-neoplastic cells and in cancer cells. In adult stem cells and cancer stem cells, low ROS levels have been associated with the formation of a proliferation-permissive intracellular environment and with perseverance of self-renewal capacities. Therefore, it is conceivable that low intracellular ROS levels may contribute significantly to oncogenic Kras-mediated PDAC formation.
Nanostructured α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation (2009)

α-Fe2O3 thin film photoelectrodes were fabricated by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) using a new hexanuclear iron precursor [Fe6(PhCOO)10(acac)2(O)2(OH)2]·3C7H8 (1) (where PhCOO = benzoate and acac = 2,4-pentanedionate). The precursor (1) designed for AACVD has a low decomposition temperature and sufficient solubility in organic solvents and was synthesized by simple chemical techniques in high yield. It was characterized by melting point, FT-IR, X-ray crystallography, and thermogravimetry (TGA). The TGA analysis proved that complex (1) undergoes facile thermal decomposition at 475 °C to give iron oxide residue. In-house designed AACVD equipment was used to deposit highly crystalline thin films of α-Fe2O3 on fluorine-doped SnO2 coated glass substrates at 475 °C in a single step. The material properties were characterized by XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy, and the results confirmed that films were highly crystalline α-Fe2O3 and free from other phases of iron oxide. Further analysis of XRD data of the thin films proved the formation of crystalline hematite with an average diameter of 35 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that Fe is present only in the Fe3+ oxidation state. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the needle-like particles having length in the range of 100 to 160 nm with a diameter of 30−50 nm are sintered together to form a compact structure of the 80-nm-thick α-Fe2O3 layer. Optical, electrical, and photoelectrochemical studies were conducted by UV−vis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and steady-state current−voltage plots. The optical bandgap was estimated, and it is about 2.13 eV. The donor density of the α-Fe2O3 was 2.914 × 1023 m−3, and the flatband potential is approximately −0.86 V vs VAg/AgCl. The photoelectrochemical characteristics recorded under AM 1.5 illumination indicated that the photocurrent density of 600 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, which is among the highest reported for an undoped α-Fe2O3 photoelectrode to date.
[Activity of tissue and plasma kallikrein and level of their precursors in eye tissue structures and media of healthy rabbits]. (1992)

Activity of tissue and blood plasma kallikreins as well as total content of their inactive precursors were studied in rabbit eye structures and media: iris, ciliary body, cornea, vascular striatum, retina, aqueous humor, tear liquid, lacrimal gland by means of fluorimetric procedure using Z-Phe-Arg-MCA as a substrate. Dissimilar capacity of the trypsin soya bean inhibitor and of aprotinin (basic inhibitor of Kunitz type) to inhibit tissue and blood plasma kallikreins enabled to differentiate the enzymatic activity. Lacrimal gland contained the highest activity of tissue kallikrein which amounted to 70% of total Z-Phe-Arg-MCA-hydrolyzing activity of the homogenate. Total Z-Phe-Arg-MCA-amidase activity and activity of individual kallikreins was distinctly lower in all the eye structures and media studied as compared with that of lacrimal gland. Activity of tissue kallikrein was higher than blood serum kallikrein activity in iris, ciliary body, vascular striatum, retina and conjunctiva. The highest content of prekallikreins was found in conjunctiva, aqueous humor, iris and ciliary body. Tissue and blood plasma kallikrein-kinin systems appear to carry out dissimilar functions in eye tissue structures; they are apparently involved in pathogenesis of some eye diseases.
The Rotational Diffusion of Thyroglobulin (1969)

Abstract Conjugates of thyroglobulin with dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonate and pyrenebutyrate have been prepared, and their fluorescence has been utilized to study the rotational diffusion of this large glycoprotein. A method of activating the pyrenebutyrate moiety by conversion to the mixed sulfuric anhydride is described. Labeling with this reagent may be carried out in aqueous solution containing less than 1% organic solvent and in periods of under 1 hour. Isothermal polarization measurements on both human and bovine thyroglobulins indicate a rotational relaxation time near 1.5 µsec at 25° in water and suggest a rigid structure which deviates significantly from an anhydrous sphere. Measurements of the polarization of fluorescence of dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonate conjugates at various temperatures indicate the existence of thermally activated rotations of the fluorescent dye moiety which can result in the significantly shorter apparent rotational relaxation times previously reported. An Arrhenius plot of limiting polarization data indicates an activation energy barrier of 0.59 kcal per mole for such rotations.
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by ribozymes that show poor activity<i>in vitro</i> (1993)

Self-cleaving RNAs (ribozymes) can be engineered to cleave target RNAs of choice in a sequence-specific manner (1). Consequently, they could be used to inhibit virus replication or to analyse host gene function in vivo. However, ribozymes that are catalytic in vitro are generally disappointing when analysed in cells unless expressed at high levels relative to their target RNAs (2, 3). Here we provide evidence that this can be overcome by optimizing ribozyme structure using cellular rather than cell-free assays. We show that ribozymes of relatively long flanking complementary regions (FCRs), while poor catalysts in vitro, can produce profound inhibition of HIV replication in cells. By examining a series of ribozymes in which the FCRs vary from 9 to 564 nucleotides, we establish that the optimum length for activity in the cell is > or = 33 nucleotides.