gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Surface Analysis for the Automated Detection of Deformations on Automotive Panels (2011)

This thesis examines an automated method to detect surface deformations on automotive panels for the purpose of quality control along a manufacturing assembly line. Automation in the automotive manufacturing industry is becoming more prominent, but quality control is still largely performed by human workers. Quality control is important in the context of automotive body panels as deformations can occur along the assembly line such as inadequate handling of parts or tools around a vehicle during assembly, rack storage, and shipping from subcontractors. These defects are currently identified and marked, before panels are either rectified or discarded. This work attempts to develop an automated system to detect deformations to alleviate the dependence on human workers in quality control and improve performance by increasing speed and accuracy. Some techniques make use of an ideal CAD model behaving as a master work, and panels scanned on the assembly line are compared to this model to determine the location of deformations. This thesis presents a solution for detecting deformations of various scales without a master work. It also focuses on automated analysis requiring minimal intuitive operator-set parameters and provides the ability to classify the deformations as dings, which are deformations that protrude from the surface, or dents, which are depressions into the surface. A complete automated deformation detection system is proposed, comprised of a feature extraction module, segmentation module, and classification module, which outputs the locations of deformations when provided with the 3D mesh of an automotive panel. Two feature extraction techniques are proposed. The first is a general feature extraction technique for 3D meshes using octrees for multi-resolution analysis and evaluates the amount of surface variation to locate deformations. The second is specifically designed for the purpose of deformation detection, and analyzes multi-resolution cross-sections of a 3D mesh to locate deformations based on their estimated size. The performance of the proposed automated deformation detection system, and all of its sub-modules, is tested on a set of meshes which represent differing characteristics of deformations in surface panels, including deformations of different scales. Noisy, low resolution meshes are captured from a 3D acquisition, while artificial meshes are generated to simulate ideal acquisition conditions. The proposed system shows accurate results in both ideal situations as well as non-ideal situations under the condition of noise and complex surface curvature by extracting only the deformations of interest and accurately classifying them as dings or dents.
Designs for self checking flip-flops (1998)

The authors introduce two low-cost, modular, totally self checking (TSC), edge triggered and error propagating (code disjoint) flip-flops: one, a D flip-flop used in TSC and strongly fault secure (SFS) synchronous circuits with two-rail codes, the other a T flip-flop, used in a similar way as the D flip-flop but retaining the error as an indicator until the next presetting, to aid error propagation. Thus, the self checking T flip-flop can be used as an error indicator. The self checking D flip-flop is smaller than the duplicate D flip-flop circuitry by 30%. The self checking T flip-flop error indicator is 60% smaller than the pervious error indicator in the literature. These circuits, unlike previously reported circuits, can also detect stuck-at faults in the clock inputs. The authors have also presented TSC/error propagating applications for the above flip-flops: a counter and a shift register.
Female Urinary Tract Fistulas (1993)

Urinary tract fistulas in women are an uncommon complication of a variety of surgical procedures. However, such fistulas lead to significant patient and physician distress, and have important medicolegal implications. Successful repair of urinary tract fistulas requires careful preoperative evaluation and adherence to basic surgical principles. A variety of approaches and techniques may be used, and the choice of procedure is less important than achieving adequate resection of fibrosis with watertight, tension-free closure of well vascularized tissues in layers. Interposition grafts of omentum, muscle, peritoneum and labial fat may be used in recurrent, complicated or radiated fistulas, and add significantly to the rate of success. Overall, successful repair of urinary tract fistulas can be achieved in the majority of cases.
Development of real-time virtual reality haptic application: real-time issues (2003)

Touch is very important to human, as demonstrated by any child who, when asking to 'see' an item, will reach out its hand to palpate and get the 'feel' of the object of interest. The ability to simulate sense of touch, using computers, has finally arrived. Human haptics is the sense of touch. Computer haptics is simulating human haptics via a device. This ongoing research focuses on developing a PC/NT based real-time, virtual reality haptic application. Our main goal is to resolve the real-time issues in order to frame a technical envelope for a stable haptic application. Some real-time issues based on scoping the applications are: 1) Interprocess communication 2) Synchronization of graphics and haptics interface and 3) finding application size limits for achieving high haptic rendering rates with stable haptic interactions.
LiClO<sub>4</sub>‐doped plasticized chitosan as biodegradable polymer gel electrolyte for supercapacitors (2009)

Abstract Studies on redox supercapacitors using electronically conducting polymers are of great importance for hybrid power sources and pulse power applications. In this study, electrochemical properties of a chitosan‐based biodegradable polymer gel electrolyte (PGE) and a p/p polypyrrole supercapacitor fabricated using this electrolyte have been investigated. The variation of conductivity and dielectric properties of the electrolyte film with temperature has also been measured. The PGE film chosen for the study exhibited a specific conductivity of 5.5 × 10 −3 S cm −1 . The electric modulus of the electrolyte film exhibits a long tail feature indicative of good capacitance. The fabricated supercapacitor showed a fairly good specific capacitance of 120 F g −1 and a time constant of 1 s. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Monitoring and diagnosis of induction motors electrical faults using a current Park's vector pattern learning approach (2000)

Various applications of artificial neural networks (ANNs) presented in the literature prove that such technique is well suited to cope with online fault diagnosis in induction motors. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology by which induction motor electrical faults can be diagnosed. The proposed methodology is based on the so-called Park's vector approach. In fact, stator current Park's vector patterns are first learned, using ANN's, and then used to discern between "healthy" and "faulty" induction motors. The diagnosis process was tested on both classical and decentralized approaches. The purpose of a decentralized architecture is to facilitate a satisfactory distributed implementation of new types of faults to the initial NN monitoring system. The generality of the proposed methodology has been experimentally tested on a 4 kW squirrel-cage induction motor. The obtained results provide a satisfactory level of accuracy, indicating a promising industrial application of the hybrid Park's vector-neural networks approach.
Switched reflection phase shifter (1986)

A new type of PIN diode phase shifter is described in which two phase-shifting parts can be incorporated into one, by combining the properties of reflection and switched lines. This results in reducing the circuit dimensions, conductor length and line losses. Theoretical analysis, advantages and limitations of two possible combinations are presented.
One-Electron Photooxidation of <i>N</i>-Methionyl Peptides. Mechanism of Sulfoxide and Azasulfonium Diastereomer Formation through Reaction of Sulfide Radical Cation Complexes with Oxygen or Superoxide (1998)

We have characterized and quantified pathways by which sulfide radical cation complexes of N-methionyl peptides (Met-Met, Met-Met-Ala, and Met-Leu) transform into various products through the reaction with superoxide or oxygen. Sulfide radical cations were generated photolytically by the reaction of the peptides with either triplet carboxybenzophenone (3CB) or hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Sulfide radical cations of Met-Met and Met-Met-Ala, generated through 3CB, formed intramolecularly sulfur−sulfur three-electron-bonded radical cation complexes, [R2S∴SR2]+, which efficiently reacted with superoxide to yield the respective disulfoxides Met(O)-Met(O) and Met(O)-Met(O)-Ala. Competitively, monomeric sulfide radical cations and [R2S∴SR2]+ converted intramolecularly into sulfur−nitrogen three-electron-bonded complexes, [R2S∴N(R)H2]+, which reacted with both superoxide and molecular oxygen to yield azasulfonium derivatives. Among these azasulfonium derivatives the C(S),S(R) diastereomers (AS II) were generally formed in about 1.5−3.8-fold excess over the C(S),S(S) diastereomers (AS I), indicating some diastereoselectivity in the reaction mechanism. Representative quantum mechanical calculations for the azasulfonium diastereomers of l-Met showed that the energy difference between both diastereomers was small, 1.9 kcal/mol (electronic energy) or 1.3 kcal/mol (gas-phase free energy). In complementary experiments, complex [R2S∴N(R)H2]+ was generated through the reaction of the peptides with HO•. Here, the azasulfonium diastereomers were generated predominantly by the reaction of [R2S∴N(R)H2]+ with molecular oxygen. The diastereomeric ratios [AS II]/[AS I] were generally higher when the azasulfonium products were formed via the reaction of [R2S∴N(R)H2]+ with superoxide instead of with molecular oxygen. The reaction of superoxide with the sulfur radical cation complexes most likely proceeded via an inner-sphere mechanism, i.e. radical−radical combination where the addition of superoxide to [R2S∴SR2]+ yielded an intermediary persulfoxide, R2S(+)−O−O(-), and the addition of superoxide to [R2S∴N(R)H2]+ gave an intermediary hydroperoxysulfurane, R(H)N−S(R2)OOH.
Discussion on the Design Guideline of Management Process of QHSE System for SINOPEC Refineries (2011)

The design guideline of management process of QHSE system for SINOPEC refineries has been discussed by using process management and PDCA model.On the basis of analysis of guideline and principles of QHSE management system process design,integration of QHSE system standards and integration methods of system management process design were studied,and the key points of establishing SINOPEC refineries' QHSE management system were indentified.
Micron-Sized Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Redundant Systems of Phosphatidic Acid Biosynthesis via Acylation of Glycerol-3-Phosphate or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate in the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipid particles harbor two acyltransferases, Gat1p and Slc1p, which catalyze subsequent steps of acylation required for the formation of phosphatidic acid. Both enzymes are also components of the endoplasmic reticulum, but this compartment contains additional acyltransferase(s) involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid (K. Athenstaedt and G. Daum, J. Bacteriol. 179:7611-7616, 1997). Using the gat1 mutant strain TTA1, we show here that Gat1p present in both subcellular fractions accepts glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate. Similarly, the additional acyltransferase(s) present in the endoplasmic reticulum can acylate both precursors. In contrast, yeast mitochondria harbor an enzyme(s) that significantly prefers dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate for acylation, suggesting that at least one additional independent acyltransferase is present in this organelle. Surprisingly, enzymatic activity of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, which is required for the conversion of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate to 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid), is detectable only in lipid particles and the endoplasmic reticulum and not in mitochondria. In vivo labeling of wild-type cells with [2-3H, U-14C]glycerol revealed that both glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be incorporated as a backbone of glycerolipids. In the gat1 mutant and the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase slc1 mutant, the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis is slightly preferred as compared to the wild type. Thus, mutations of the major acyltransferases Gat1p and Slc1p lead to an increased contribution of mitochondrial acyltransferase(s) to glycerolipid synthesis due to their substrate preference for dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
UPDATE ON CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN BURNS (1996)

Burn injury results in a rapid loss of intravascular volume as wound edema forms, which reduces the circulating blood volume and generates the need for fluid therapy to combat hypovolemia. Fluid resuscitation of a burn patient is usually carried out with isotonic, sodium- and chloride-containing fluids, such as lactated Ringer's solution. The initial 24 h resuscitation volume is based on the burn size and body weight of the patient. Following a successful resuscitation, the burn patient develops stereotypic neurohormonal and metabolic responses that, depending on the extent of injury, last for several weeks or months. Breathing of incomplete products of combustion by the fire victim produces inhalation injury, the incidence of which rises with increasing burn size and the severity of which is proportional to the duration of exposure. Systemic hypoxia from carbon monoxide toxicity causes early death; chemical airway injury increases mortality and predisposes to subsequent pneumonia that further reduces survival. The diagnosis of inhalation injury is made by bronchoscopy and/or xenon scan and therapy involves support of ventilation. Thermal destruction of the cutaneous mechanical barrier and the presence of nonviable avascular burn eschar as well as impairment of other host defenses render the burn patient susceptible to local as well as systemic infections. Care following resuscitation is focused on topical antimicrobial therapy, burn wound excision, and wound closure by grafting. Nutritional support and the prevention and control of infection are constant themes in burn patient management. A progressive improvement in general care of the acutely injured patient, prevention of shock, effective means of maintaining organ function, prevention and control of burn wound and other infections, and physiologically based metabolic support have significantly increased burn patient survival in recent decades.
The use of fractional parameter in analyzing motor unit discharge pattern in stroke patients: a correlation with the functional independence measurement. (2000)

Fractional parameter could be a useful tool for measuring motor function at a single motor unit level.
Selective Particle Deposition in Crossflow Filtration (1989)

Abstract To study the mechanism of particle deposition in crossflow filtration, hydrodynamic forces exerted on a spherical particle touching the surface of filter medium are analyzed to derive the critical selective cut-diameter of the deposited particles under various crossflow velocities and filtration rates in a crossflow filtration system. Experimental data of turbulent crossflow filtration of dilute light calcium carbonate suspension agree with the prediction of this theory within 30% error under the crossflow velocity of from 0.57 to 1.14 m/s. Equations to estimate the characteristics of crossflow filtration, such as steady-state filtration rate and average specific resistance of cake, are also presented.
Efficacy of some Acaricides Against Ectoparasitic Mite Tropilaelaps clareae Infesting European Honey Bee Apis mellifera (2003)

Four acaricides viz., 85% fonnic acid (5ml/colony), sulphur (500mg/comb), fluvalinate (3ml quantity of 5 ppm solution) and amitraz (2 strips/colony) were tested against ectoparasitic mite Tropilaelaps c1areae infesting Apis mellifera colonies during monsoon and post monsoon seasons in colonies having 45–60 per cent infestation. The mite mortality under hive conditions varied between 80.51–85.14 per cent by all the chemicals after two weeks of their treatment. All the treated colonies became mite free within 22–25.5 days and these chemicals had no adlverse effect on the brood and bees or queens.
Anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: A single surgeon’s experience (2001)

Anastomotic leakage may be minimized by ensuring that patients are as fit as possible prior to surgery, stomata are used liberally, particularly in emergency patients, and a good anastomotic technique is utilized at all times. Despite these precautions some patients will still develop a leak and if timely and appropriate action is taken the majority will survive and have their stomata closed.
Pricing of Sovereign Credit Risk: Evidence From Advanced Economies During the Financial Crisis (2012)

We investigate the pricing of sovereign credit risk over the period 2008-2010 for selected advanced economies by examining two widely-used indicators: sovereign credit default swap (CDS) and relative asset swap (RAS) spreads. Cointegration analysis suggests the existence of an imperfect market arbitrage relationship between the cash (RAS) and the derivatives (CDS) markets, with price discovery taking place in the latter. Likewise, panel regressions aimed at uncovering the fundamental drivers of the two indicators show that the CDS market, although less liquid, has provided a better signal for sovereign credit risk during the period of the recent financial crisis.
Agroecosystems, Nitrogen-use Efficiency, and Nitrogen Management (2002)

The global challenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in cropping systems that produce maize, rice, and wheat. Achieving synchrony between N supply and crop demand without excess or deficiency is the key to optimizing trade-offs amongst yield, profit, and environmental protection in both large-scale systems in developed countries and small-scale systems in developing countries. Setting the research agenda and developing effective policies to meet this challenge requires quantitative understanding of current levels of N-use efficiency and losses in these systems, the biophysical controls on these factors, and the economic returns from adoption of improved management practices. Although advances in basic biology, ecology, and biogeochemistry can provide answers, the magnitude of the scientific challenge should not be underestimated because it becomes increasingly difficult to control the fate of N in cropping systems that must sustain yield increases on the world's limited supply of productive farm land.
Development of a nanoscale heterostructured glucose sensor using modified microfabrication processes (2008)

We discuss the development of a novel amperometric sensor to detect glucose concentrations in solution. Inorganic, vertically aligned nanowire arrays were employed as the sensing electrode in place of planar electrodes to utilize the unique properties of nanostructures, resulting in enhanced sensing signal from a smaller area. Heterostructured gold/platinum nanowires were used so that the dual functions of the nanoelectrodes for covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase and enhanced oxidation of hydrogen peroxide can be achieved using modified microfabrication methods. Two different enzyme immobilization methods—using self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols and a porous conducting polypyrrole matrix—were investigated as methods for functionalizing the electrodes. Glucose sensing results were compared for planar and nanowire electrodes and the heterostructured nanowire electrodes. The results indicate that the unique structure of the sensing electrode delivers superior sensing performance from a smaller geometric area of electrodes, thus enabling further miniaturization of the sensor.
On the Procedures for the Extraction and Isolation of Flavonoids Present in the Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Acanthospermum Hispidiumdc (2014)

This paper presents the procedures of the extraction and isolation of flavonoids present in the methanolic leaf extract of Acanthospermum hispidium DC .The leaves of Acanthospermum hispidium dc was extracted with polar and non-polar solvents. The activecomponents (.i.e. flavonoids) were found in methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol while methanol, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol contained steroids. From the chromatographic analysis, it was observed that the component 1and 2 have RF values of 0.61 and 0.48. The identification of the components and the specific absorption band were determined by spectroscopic analysis.
Laplace Wavelet and its Engineering Application (2001)

Wavelet transform is a powerful technique well suited to non stationary signal processing. The property of wavelet is determined by its basis function. In the fields of modal analysis, mechanical condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, In the fields of modal analysis, mechanical conitoring and fault diagnosis, impulse responses are very common signals to be analyzed. Laplace wavelet that is a complex, analytic, single sided damped exponential is a desirable wavelet basis to analyze signals of impulse response. A correlation filtering approach is introduced using Laplace wavelet to identify impulse response from vibration signals. Successful results are obtained in diagnosing the leakage fault of intake valve of internal combustion engine, and identifying the natural frequency of hydro generator axle.
Novel semiconductor materials and structures produced by MBE and MOCVD (1991)

The development of new epitaxial techniques has given rise to a variety of new material combinations. Pseudomorphic combinations where the partners have lattice constants which differ by more than 1% are currently being extensively studied. The built-in strain can alter the symmetry of magnitudes of the band concerned. Interesting examples of systems currently being investigated are strained layer superlattices based on Si/Si1-xGex, GaAs/InAs and InSb/InSb1-xAsx.
Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence (2013)

Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically 'sounding out' words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a 'default' lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading.