gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Density-functional calculation of effective Coulomb interactions in metals (1991)

The effective Coulomb interaction between the localized electrons is calculated for Fe and Ce. It is found that a change in the number of 3d electrons in Fe is only screened to about 50% inside the Fe atom where the change was made, although perfect (100%) screening was expected for a metallic system like Fe. In Ce, on the other hand, the screening is very efficient. The difference is discussed. For Ce the calculated Coulomb interaction (6 eV) is in satisfactory agreement with experiment, while the result (6 eV) for Fe is surprising large.
Long-term treatment with calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate corrects secondary hyperparathyroidism. (1996)

Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-ket) is known as a highly effective phosphate (P) binder in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In addition, alpha-ketoglutarate has been shown to improve metabolic alterations. We investigated the effect of long-term P-binding therapy with Ca-ket to determine whether P accumulation is the main reason of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in HD patients or not. Ca-ket was prescribed to 14 HD patients as a soluble preparation in a mean dosage of 4.5 g/day (0.975 g elemental Ca) for a period of 36 months. Serum P continuously dropped from prestudy 2.6 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM) to 1.9 +/- 0.07 mmol/l (p < 0.001), whereas serum Ca increased from 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 2.47 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (p < 0.05). Thus, Ca/P ratio in serum converted significantly from 0.91 +/- 0.02 (prestudy) to 1.28 +/- 0.01 (p < 0.001). Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) continuously normalized in all patients from 29 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 2 pmol/l (p < 0.001). The present data show that long-term treatment with Ca-ket normalizes secondary HPT by simultaneously P binding and correcting Ca/P ratio in serum without vitamin D treatment.
A New Class of Single‐Component Absorbents for Reversible Carbon Dioxide Capture under Mild Conditions (2014)

Abstract Some inexpensive and commercially available secondary amines reversibly react with CO 2 at room temperature and ambient pressure to yield carbonated species in the liquid phase in the absence of any additional solvent. These solvent‐free absorbents have a high CO 2 capture capacity (0.63–0.65 mol CO 2 /mol amine) at 1.0 bar (=100 kPa), combined with low‐temperature reversibility at ambient pressure. 13 C NMR spectroscopy analysis identified the carbonated species as the carbamate salts and unexpected carbamic acids. These absorbents were used for CO 2 (15 and 40 % in air) capture in continuous cycles of absorption–desorption carried out in packed columns, yielding an absorption efficiency of up to 98.5 % at absorption temperatures of 40–45 °C and desorption temperatures of 70–85 °C at ambient pressure. The absence of any parasitic solvent that requires to be heated and stability towards moisture and heating could result in some of these solvent‐free absorbents being a viable alternative to aqueous amines for CO 2 chemical capture.
New Considerations About Measuring Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2000)

Measuring airway responsiveness to inhaled bronchoconstrictor stimuli, such as methacholine or histamine, has become an important tool in the diagnosis of asthma. This is measured by patients inhaling increasing doses or concentrations of the bronchoconstrictor stimulus until a given level of bronchoconstriction is achieved. Inhaled allergens initiate processes that increase airway inflammation and enhance airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Studies using inhaled allergen challenges have provided insight into how changes in airway hyperresponsiveness are regulated by induced inflammatory processes. These changes in airway hyperresponsiveness (1-2 doubling doses) have been shown to be of much smaller magnitude than those demonstrated when asthmatics with stable airway hyperresponsiveness are compared to normals (4-8 doubling doses). These allergen-induced changes would be of little relevance in subjects with normal airway responsiveness, because they would not increase the degree of airway responsiveness into the asthmatic range. They are, however, important in asthmatics who already have airway hyperresponsiveness because they are similar to changes associated with worsening asthma control. It is likely that the mechanisms responsible for the changes in airway hyperresponsiveness following experimental allergen exposure are similar to those producing transient worsening of control in asthmatics. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the mechanisms of the transient allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness will explain the underlying mechanisms of the persistent airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients when compared with normal individuals.
Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA®) for the Detection of Copy Number Variation in Genomic Sequences (2010)

Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA®) is a high-throughput method developed to determine the copy number of up to 50 genomic DNA sequences in a single multiplex PCR-based reaction. MLPA is easy to perform, requires only 20 ng of sample DNA and can distinguish sequences differing in only a single nucleotide. The MLPA reaction results in a mixture of amplification fragments ranging between 100 and 500 nt in length which can be separated and quantified by capillary electrophoresis. The equipment necessary for MLPA is identical to that for performing standard sequencing reactions: a thermocycler and a fluorescent capillary electrophoresis system. Comparison of the peak pattern obtained on a DNA sample to that of a reference sample indicates which sequences show aberrant copy numbers.Fundamental for the MLPA technique is that it is not the sample DNA that is amplified during the PCR reaction, but MLPA probes that hybridise to the sample DNA. Each MLPA probe consists of two probe oligonucleotides, which should hybridise adjacent to the target DNA for a successful ligation. Only ligated probes can be exponentially amplified by PCR. In contrast to standard multiplex PCR, only one pair of PCR primers is used for the MLPA PCR reaction, resulting in a more robust system. This way, the relative number of fragments present after the PCR reaction depends on the relative amount of the target sequence present in a DNA sample.
Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. (1991)

A total of 157 epileptic patients were studied with respect to (1) biogenic amine precursors and metabolites in the CSF, (2) levels of folate and thiamine in the blood and CSF, (3) length of treatment with phenytoin (PHT), (4) PHT intoxication, (5) CNS atrophy. Alterations in CSF amine metabolite levels were related primarily to PHT intoxication, and low CSF folate and thiamine levels, but not to length of treatment or CNS atrophy. PHT intoxication increased CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA). Low folate levels were associated with decreased CSF 5HIAA and homovanillic acid, while low thiamine levels were associated with decreased CSF 5HIAA and 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol. It remains to be seen to what extent these alterations in biogenic amine metabolism, mediated by low CNS vitamin levels, also lead to deficits in cerebral function.
Stability Criteria for Constant Power Loads With Multistage <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$LC$</tex></formula> Filters (2011)

In high-voltage dc power systems of advanced aircraft, most of the electrical motor drives and power electronic converters behave as constant power loads (CPLs) when tightly regulated and usually cause negative impedance instability problems. This paper presents stability criteria for an electrical system constituted of a dc power supply, multistage <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$LC$</tex></formula> filters, and an ideal CPL. The derived criteria are based on the Brayton–Moser mixed potential theory and can be extended to actual CPLs. The dynamic negative incremental impedance of the CPL is used to place design constraints on the filter parameters to prevent instabilities. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed criteria would guarantee system stability under different voltage disturbances.
A Potential Role of IL-6/IL-6R in the Development and Management of Colon Cancer (2021)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer worldwide and the second greatest cause of cancer deaths. About 75% of all CRCs are sporadic cancers and arise following somatic mutations, while about 10% are hereditary cancers caused by germline mutations in specific genes. Several factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and genetic or epigenetic alterations in specific oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, play a role during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Recent studies have reported an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in the sera of patients affected by colon cancer that correlate with the tumor size, suggesting a potential role for IL-6 in colon cancer progression. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine showing both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. Two different types of IL-6 signaling are known. Classic IL-6 signaling involves the binding of IL-6 to its membrane receptor on the surfaces of target cells; alternatively, IL-6 binds to sIL-6R in a process called IL-6 trans-signaling. The activation of IL-6 trans-signaling by metalloproteinases has been described during colon cancer progression and metastasis, involving a shift from membrane-bound interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression on the tumor cell surface toward the release of soluble IL-6R. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role of IL-6 signaling pathway alterations in sporadic colorectal cancer and the development of familial polyposis syndrome. Furthermore, we evaluate the possible roles of IL-6 and IL-6R as biomarkers useful in disease follow-up and as potential targets for therapy, such as monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6R, or a food-based approach against IL-6.
A LMMSE Channel Estimator for Coherent Optical OFDM System (2009)

The CO-OFDM is sensitive to noises and dispersion, so the channel estimation becomes a key issue in performance improvements. An effective method based on LMMSE can compensate the losses more accurately than LS. It can bring in 2dB SNR gains compared with LS under the condition of BER = 10−4.
Shakespeare’s Life and the Background to Hamlet (1986)

Though we do not know a lot about William Shakespeare's Life, we know more than we know of any other Elizabethan dramatist's except Ben Jonson. He was baptised at Stratford-upon-Avon 26 April 1564, son of a well-to-do glover who became Town Bailiff (Mayor) but subsequently got into money difficulties. William, no doubt at Stratford Grammar School, learned enough Latin to read, and use in his writings, Ovid, Seneca, Plautus and Terence. He married a neighbour, Anne Hathaway (1582): they had a daughter Susannah (baptised 26 May 1583), and twins, Judith and Hamnet (baptised 2 February 1585). From then, though he may have been a schoolmaster in the country, and must have joined a company of actors, nothing is certainly known of him until 1592. By then his three Henry VI plays had earned him reputation as a playwright, and by 1593 he had the Earl of Southampton as a patron.
A Survey on the Design of Binary Pulse Compression Codes with Low Autocorrelation (2010)

Simple pulsed radar is limited in range sensitivity by the average radiation power and, in range resolution by the pulse length. The design of any radar always involves a compromise between the two constraints. Waveform design aims to seek an appropriate harmony that best suits the relevant application. The pulse compression theory has been introduced in order to get a high range resolution as well as a good detection probability. One of the basic types of pulse compression is binary phase coding which encodes the transmitted pulse with information that is compressed (decoded) in the receiver of the radar. The study of the peak sidelobe level (PSL) binary sequences occurs as a classical problem of signal design for digital communication and, in equivalent guise, in analytic number theory. It has also become a notorious problem of combinatorial optimization. For years mathematicians, engineers, physicists and chemists have sought a systematic way to construct long binary sequences with low PSL. In this Chapter, we describe pulse compression technique in radar waveform design. In order to make the presentation self-contained, we start by providing a short summary of waveform design and an introduction to principle behind pulse compression by compiling the basic tools required for analyzing and comparing different radar signals. After that, we talk about binary sequence, its desired properties and general types of methods for finding and generating such waveforms. We keep on by an overview and introducing the existing methods and search routine done. We conclude the chapter with a brief survey of the results exhibited yet for low autocorrelation binary sequences. We mention a table of complete results presented and also introduce a histogram to unscramble them visually and predict the future.
Effect of edge roughness in graphene nanoribbon transistors (2007)

The effects of edge irregularity and mixed-edge shapes on the characteristics of graphene nanoribbon transistors are examined by self-consistent atomistic simulations based on the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism. The minimal leakage current increases due to the localized states induced in the band gap, and the on current decreases due to smaller quantum transmission and the self-consistent electrostatic effect in general. Although the ratio between the on current and minimal leakage current decreases, the transistor still switches even in the presence of edge roughness. The variation between devices, however, can be large, especially for a short channel length.
Isoindole (1972)

Isoindole has been obtained as a white solid on a surface at ca. 77 K following pyrolysis of 2-(methoxycarbonyloxy)isoindoline in a silica tube at 500° and 0·01 mmHg; chemical reactions and spectroscopic data are reported: the solid decomposes rather rapidly at room temperature.
Notch1 regulates the functional contribution of RhoC to cervical carcinoma progression (2009)

This study has provided evidence to suggest that RhoC is an effector of Notch1 in cervical carcinoma.
SLIP CASTING OF METALS, CERAMICS, AND CERMETS (1958)

Posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries are increasingly diagnosed in children and young adults. Most of these injuries are the result of indirect mechanisms, typically lateral compression, with a posterior-to-anterior force applied to the shoulder during sports. Less frequently, these injuries are caused by direct impact on the medial clavicle, which can occur in rollover motor vehicle accidents, or may represent atraumatic instability. In patients younger than 25 years, physeal separation is more common than true dislocation. Theoretically, these patients have increased remodeling potential. Reduction is recommended to prevent and/or manage the compression of mediastinal structures, which can lead to life-threatening injury. Open surgical stabilization is the preferred treatment for acute and chronic retrosternal injuries. A thoracic or trauma surgeon should be available during stabilization in the rare event of potentially life-threatening hemorrhage after reduction. Outcomes have been largely successful, with pain-free, unrestricted range of motion and return to activity.
Peptidomimetics - Antagonists of the Fibrinogen Receptors: Molecular Design, Structures, Properties and Therapeutic Applications (2004)

The platelet aggregation is a crucial step in a pathophisiology of thromboses, leading to development of cardio-vascular diseases (myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, strokes, etc.). The final step in the aggregation is the binding of fibrinogen to receptor - glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) on the surface of activated platelets. In recent years the increasing attention is paid to the role of fibrinogen antagonists in the prevention of thrombosis. The search for these compounds is based on the molecular design of structures mimicking some fragment of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence, responsible for the binding of fibrinogen to GP IIb/IIIa. Up to now, a large number of potent and selective GP IIb/IIIa antagonists, including non-peptide inhibitors are identified (derivatives of benzodiazepines, aminobenzamidinosuccinyles, isoxazolines, isoquinolines). The modification of natural peptide structures for obtaining of more active and selective fibrinogen receptor antagonists is realized in several ways: substitution of main pharmacophores of RGD sequence; cyclization of RGD-containing peptides; design of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics. For the treatment of chronic cardio-vascular diseases, the clinic needs high orally active RGD-peptidomimetics. This task is realized by obtaining of prodrugs on the base of the most potent RGD-mimetics. In our laboratory the molecular design and synthesis of non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists were carried out. The series of RGD-mimetics on the basis of 4-oxo-(piperazine-1-yl)butyric acid as Arg-mimetic and beta-aryl-beta-alanines as Asp-Phe-mimetics were synthesized. Obtained RGD-mimetics showed a high antiaggregatory activity in vitro experiments with IC(50)values of 10(-7) - 10(-9) M.
Oxidative Stress in Allergic and Inflammatory Skin Diseases (2005)

The skin is exposed to endogenous and environmental pro-oxidant agents, leading to the harmful generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative stress damages proteins, lipids, and DNA. An imbalance between ROS and antioxidants can lead to an elevated oxidative stress level. Some evidence indicates that allergic and inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, urticaria and psoriasis are mediated by oxidative stress. For example, monocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis are primed to generate ROS in response to zymosan, a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand, suggesting that Staphylococcus aureus may damage lesional skin of the disease by production of ROS. Mast cells generate mainly intracellular ROS following the aggregation of FceRI; these ROS may act as secondary messengers in the induction of several biological responses. The present review summarizes the involvement of ROS in the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory skin diseases.
Updated AAP Guidelines on Newborn Screening and Therapy for Congenital Hypothyroidism (2007)

Guidelines on newborn screening and therapy for congenital hypothyroidism have been released by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Congenital hypothyroidism can cause mental retardation unless thyroid therapy is initiated within two weeks of birth.
Mechanical properties of ring-spun yarn and its strength prediction model (2011)

Department of Textile Chemistry, Changzhou Textile Garment Institute, Changzhou 213164, China E-mail: weihongz@126.com Abstract In this paper, the structural and mechanical properties of ring-spun yarn were studied comprehensively. Relationships between yarn count, yarn twist, and relative yarn structural and mechanical properties were obtained. Through statistical analyses of 200 pure cotton yarn count, twist and strength, with consideration of some influential factors such as being carded or combed, and the application of long-staple cotton, experimental functions of the yarn relative strength with the yarn count and twist were deduced. Considering the above mechanical properties and experimental functions, a pure cotton ring-spun yarn strength prediction model has been established based on continuous mechanics theory. The Equation is easily used with high precision of strength prediction for pure cotton yarn. The relationship between the value predicted and the test value is characterised by high linearity, and the determination ratio of the regression Equation is as high as 0.9623.
Laser pulse selection with krypton triggered Kerr shutter (1981)

A 16 kV krypton pulse generator and a 30 kV krypton activated spark gap are developed to operate a Kerr cell shutter. The shutter is used to select single picosecond light pulses from a mode locked laser and to separate nanosecond light signals from a free running laser.
Adaptive alterations in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria during human infection (1988)

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is a dynamic structure that is capable of altering its ultrastructure and chemistry in order to adapt to changes in its environment. In human infections, outer-membrane alterations are known to play a role in mediating serum resistance, iron uptake, adaptation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to colonization of the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, and adaptive resistance to the polymyxin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This adaptive antibiotic resistance is due to alterations in the cation binding sites within the outer membrane so that these cationic antibiotics can no longer penetrate through the membrane effectively. Adaptive resistance is not stable but is maintained only in the continued presence of the antibiotic. Hence, the role that this type of resistance to cationic antibiotics plays in clinical treatment of human infections remains inadequately assessed.
Complete pose determination for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle using stereo vision (2005)

A well-developed pose estimation scenario suitable for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed. By employing dual CCD cameras onboard, the instant pose of UAV can be determined without any use of expensive sensor like gyro. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is hereafter introduced to resolve the highly nonlinear system dynamics as well as the measurement process of the pose estimation system. The only measurements recorded are those snapshots of ground targets/landmarks taken by two CCD cameras. The proposed scenario can also detect large angle rotation of UAV. Simulation is conducted via a simple case, both UAV and ground targets are stationary, to show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed scheme. Actual GPS measurement data of ground targets coordinates was recorded for UKF processing. A highlight phenomenon, implied by simulation, reveals that a sudden transition of estimation errors arises at the epoch when the UAV is experiencing a large angle maneuvering up to 180/spl deg/ per second.