gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Frustration in the Ferromagnetic Pyrochlore<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ho</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

We report a detailed study of the pyrochlore ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, in which the magnetic ions $({\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+})$ are ferromagnetically coupled with $J\ensuremath{\sim}1\mathrm{K}$. We show that the presence of local Ising anisotropy leads to a geometrically frustrated ground state, preventing long-range magnetic order down to at least 0.05 K. However, unlike in the case of a frustrated antiferromagnet, this disorder is principally static. In a magnetic field, the ground-state degeneracy is broken and ordered magnetic phases are formed which display an unusual history dependence due to the slow dynamics of the system. These results represent the first experimental evidence for geometrical frustration in a ferromagnetic system.
Influence of lycopene and vitamin C from tomato juice on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation (2007)

A human study was carried out to investigate whether tomato juice, rich in natural lycopene and fortified with vitamin C, is able to reduce several biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation and whether the effect can be attributed to lycopene, vitamin C or any other micronutrient. Following a 2-week depletion phase, volunteers were assigned randomly to ingest either tomato juice with (LC) or without (L) vitamin C fortification for 2 weeks (daily dose 20·6 mg lycopene and 45·5/435 mg vitamin C). Plasma and urine were analysed for carotenoids and vitamin C, lipid status, antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8- epi- PGF 2α , protein carbonyls, cytokines IL-1β and TNFα and C-reactive protein (CRP). The consumption of tomato juice led to a reduction in total cholesterol levels (L: 157·6 v . 153·2 mg/dl, P = 0·008; LC: 153·4 v . 147·4 mg/dl, P = 0·002) and that of CRP (L: 315·6 v . 262·3 μg/l, P = 0·017; LC: 319·2 v . 247·1 μg/l, P = 0·001) in both groups. The vitamin C-fortified juice slightly raised the antioxidant capacity in urine and decreased TBARS in plasma and urine. All other markers were affected to a lesser extent or remained unchanged. Cholesterol reduction was correlated with lycopene uptake ( P = 0·003), whereas the other effects could not be related with particular micronutrients. Any beneficial effects of tomato consumption for human health cannot be attributed only to lycopene and, as the additional supplementation with ascorbic acid indicates, a variety of antioxidants might be needed to optimize protection against chronic diseases.
The Effect of Crossflow at the Entrance on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Tubes (1981)

Technical Briefs The Effect of Crossflow at the Entrance on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Tubes D. E. Metzger, D. E. Metzger Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. V. Cordaro J. V. Cordaro Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information D. E. Metzger Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 J. V. Cordaro Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 J. Heat Transfer. Feb 1981, 103(1): 178-179 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3244417 Published Online: February 1, 1981 Article history Received: February 8, 1980 Online: October 20, 2009
Soccer video segmentation: Referee and player detection (2008)

This paper presents a player segmentation methodology for videos of soccer games. This methodology includes some low and high level video processing algorithms, such as dominant color region detection, referee and player identification. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the methodology in locating and segmenting referee and players.
Sixteen years and counting: an update on leptin in energy balance (2011)

Cloned in 1994, the ob gene encodes the protein hormone leptin, which is produced and secreted by white adipose tissue. Since its discovery, leptin has been found to have profound effects on behavior, metabolic rate, endocrine axes, and glucose fluxes. Leptin deficiency in mice and humans causes morbid obesity, diabetes, and various neuroendocrine anomalies, and replacement leads to decreased food intake, normalized glucose homeostasis, and increased energy expenditure. Here, we provide an update on the most current understanding of leptin-sensitive neural pathways in terms of both anatomical organization and physiological roles.
Washing and coking tests on coal from the No. 5 seam, Witbank-Middelburg Coalfield (1952)

It is pointed out that although the No.5 Seam of the Witbank coalfield is usually regarded one of the most important reserves of blend coking coal, detailed information regarding the characteristics of this seam is still sorely lacking. Washing tests have been carried out on samples of run-of-mine coal from the four collieries working this seam. Not only products representing size fractions naturally arising in mining operations, but also products artificially obtainable by crushing have been studied. Some variation in the seam from colliery to colliery has been found, but, by crushing the coal to a comparatively small size and washing, it is possible to obtain products reasonably low in ash and sulphur contents, which are in this respect suitable for use by the carbonization industries. Special attention was also paid to the effect of preparation on the swelling numbers of products. Coking tests were carried out in an experimental coke-oven on washed products from the four collieries, and (or) on blends of these with Natal coking coals (and also on the Natal coals by themselves). In most tests No.5 Seam coal formed the major constituent of the blend. One of the collieries can be eliminated from those producing coal probably suitable for use in the production of metallurgical coke, while another, the coal from which has hitherto been regarded as being of doubtful coking value, has been shown to hold out some promise in this respect. Coal from the other two collieries is already being used successfully for this purpose and the tests have confirmed their suitability. A few tests in which Natal coals formed the major component were also carried out. Results were promising. Considerable further investigation is required. Three new- indices reflecting the physical characteristics of coke have been introduced, viz., the Shatter Size Stability (S.S.S.), the Abrasion Size Stability (A.S.S.) and the R.S.A. value. The latter represents the combined resistance to shatter and abrasion and is derived from the S.S.S. and A.S.S. values. There is good reason to believe that A.S.S. values are superior to B.S. (Cochrane) Abrasion Indices in reflecting resistance to abrasion.
Waterflood in Vuggy Layer of a Middle East Reservoir - Displacement Physics Understood (2002)

Abstract Early water breakthrough has occurred in this giant Middle East reservoir. This has posed fresh challenges for maintaining plateau production and achieving a high recovery factor. Possible reasons for this early breakthrough are flow through vuggy, thin high permeability, and fractured layers. The stylolitic layers are also probably inhibiting water slumping, which maintains water in the "thief" layers. Poorly understood aspects are the amount of these rock types contributing to the rapid water transport, effective permeability and the amount of oil from these layers that is recovered by waterflood. This paper describes the results of an innovative study that reduces the uncertainty in water breakthrough prediction, and recovery efficiency, from a vuggy lithotypes layer. The results of this study show that: The ultimate waterflood recovery efficiency from vuggy (rudist) rock was high and the oil was not by-passed in the vugs. Ultimate residual oil saturation was ∼24%.A simulated horizontal waterflood displacement from a vuggy rock predicted ∼30% less dry oil production at breakthrough compared to that of an equivalent homogeneous lithotype waterflood. New technology developments were required to complete this study. These developments included waterflood of a whole core at full reservoir conditions using X-ray CT (computed tomography), a technique for conducting sophisticated flow studies on fragile, under gauge core at full reservoir overburden, and a technique for achieving initial water saturation in highly heterogeneous core. The study also provides new insights into the complex spatial arrangements of lithotypes, and a detailed 3 dimensional coreflood simulation match in a complex heterogeneous system.
Medicinal Plant Research: 1953-1987 (1988)

Founding of the present Society for Medicinal Plant Research on April 8, 1953, took place amidst a number of significant events. The discovery of reserpine, tetracycline, and norethindrone, the beginning investigation od the cataranthus alkaloids, as well as the development
The TAL Effector PthA4 Interacts with Nuclear Factors Involved in RNA-Dependent Processes Including a HMG Protein That Selectively Binds Poly(U) RNA (2012)

Plant pathogenic bacteria utilize an array of effector proteins to cause disease. Among them, transcriptional activator-like (TAL) effectors are unusual in the sense that they modulate transcription in the host. Although target genes and DNA specificity of TAL effectors have been elucidated, how TAL proteins control host transcription is poorly understood. Previously, we showed that the Xanthomonas citri TAL effectors, PthAs 2 and 3, preferentially targeted a citrus protein complex associated with transcription control and DNA repair. To extend our knowledge on the mode of action of PthAs, we have identified new protein targets of the PthA4 variant, required to elicit canker on citrus. Here we show that all the PthA4-interacting proteins are DNA and/or RNA-binding factors implicated in chromatin remodeling and repair, gene regulation and mRNA stabilization/modification. The majority of these proteins, including a structural maintenance of chromosomes protein (CsSMC), a translin-associated factor X (CsTRAX), a VirE2-interacting protein (CsVIP2), a high mobility group (CsHMG) and two poly(A)-binding proteins (CsPABP1 and 2), interacted with each other, suggesting that they assemble into a multiprotein complex. CsHMG was shown to bind DNA and to interact with the invariable leucine-rich repeat region of PthAs. Surprisingly, both CsHMG and PthA4 interacted with PABP1 and 2 and showed selective binding to poly(U) RNA, a property that is novel among HMGs and TAL effectors. Given that homologs of CsHMG, CsPABP1, CsPABP2, CsSMC and CsTRAX in other organisms assemble into protein complexes to regulate mRNA stability and translation, we suggest a novel role of TAL effectors in mRNA processing and translational control.
An Approach to the Anticoagulant Agent Rivaroxaban via an Isocyanate-Oxirane Cycloaddition promoted by MgI<sub>2</sub>.etherate (2011)

A convergent and efficient synthesis of anticoagulant rivaroxaban was developed using the cycloaddition of com-mercially available (R)-epichlorohydrin with 4-(morpholin-3-one)phenyl isocyanate catalysed by MgI 2 etherate as the key step, in 22% overall yield.
Criterios para la punición de la tentativa en el delito de hurto a establecimientos de autoservicio. Consideraciones político criminales relativas a la pequeña delincuencia patrimonial (2006)

espanolConsiderando que un significativo porcentaje de causas que hoy conocen los Tribunales de Justicia guardan relacion con los delitos de hurto a grandes tiendas, es importante fijar ciertos criterios que permitan determinar los limites de la tentativa punible. Exigencia que se impone ademas, dada las particularidades que presentan las actividades comerciales en las grandes tiendas -asi, venta anonima y contacto directo sin intermediarios con el producto-. Por otra parte, este trabajo tambien dirige su atencion a la llamada pequena criminalidad patrimonial, cuya masificacion exige establecer claras orientaciones politico criminales.Considerando que un significativo porcentaje de causas que hoy conocen los Tribunales de Justicia guardan relacion con los delitos de hurto a grandes tiendas, es importante fijar ciertos criterios que permitan determinar los limites de la tentativa punible. Exigencia que se impone ademas, dada las particularidades que presentan las actividades comerciales en las grandes tiendas -asi, venta anonima y contacto directo sin intermediarios con el producto-. Por otra parte, este trabajo tambien dirige su atencion a la llamada pequena criminalidad patrimonial, cuya masificacion exige establecer claras orientaciones politico criminales. EnglishConsidering that an important percentage of claims that presently get to Courts are directly related to the crimes of stealing from department stores, it is important to establish criteria which will determine the limits of the punishable attempts. This requirement is also imposed given the special features which the business activities in department stores present,--that is, anonymous sales and direct contact with the product without a middleman--. On the other hand, this work also sets its attention on the so-called slight patrimonial criminality, whose overcrowding demands the establishing of clear political-criminal orientations.
Itch and Analgesia Resulting from Intrathecal Application of Morphine: Contrasting Effects on Different Populations of Trigeminothalamic Tract Neurons (2013)

Intrathecal application of morphine is among the most powerful methods used to treat severe chronic pain. However, this approach commonly produces itch sufficiently severe that patients are forced to choose between relief of pain or itch. The neuronal populations responsible for processing and transmitting information underlying itch caused by intrathecal application of morphine have not been identified and characterized. We describe two populations of antidromically identified trigeminothalamic tract (VTT) neurons in anesthetized rats that are differentially affected by morphine and explain several aspects of opioid-induced itch and analgesia. We found that intrathecal application of morphine increased ongoing activity of itch-responsive VTT neurons. In addition, intrathecal application of morphine increased responses to pruritogens injected into the skin and greatly heightened responses to innocuous mechanical stimuli. In contrast, the ongoing activity and responses to noxious pinches in nociceptive VTT neurons were frequently inhibited by the same dose of morphine. These results reveal that i.t. application of morphine affects specific subpopulations of VTT neurons in ways that may produce itch, hyperknesis, alloknesis, and analgesia.
Changes in the Balance between Dentists, Patients and Funders in the NHS and their Consequences (2008)

This paper explores aspects of professional culture in dentistry that may impact on the delivery of equitable dental services in the future. After 2009, commissioners will have to ration National Health Service budgets for health services and dentistry will compete with other services. Therefore, the delivery of equitable oral health services may be an advantage in the case for dentistry and subsequent funding. We report our opinions on the changes currently occurring in dentistry in England and Wales, based on the evidence available to us from the literature, and consider the risks and opportunities that have arisen.
Edge technique for high-accuracy Doppler velocimetry (1994)

The edge technique has been used in simple laboratory experiments to demonstrate velocity measurements with an experimental error, standard deviation, as small as 12 cm/s, which represents a Doppler-shift measurement accuracy of 8 parts in 10(10) of the laser frequency. An edge filter with a spectral width 140 times larger than the measurement accuracy achieved is used. The measurements are made in the presence of short-term frequency drifts equivalent to velocities of 5 to 10 m/s, which are eliminated by the differential frequency measurement used in the edge technique. Long-term frequency drifts are compensated for by servo locking the edge to the laser frequency. High accuracy is achieved for a range of locations on the edge from 0.33 to 4.5 fringe half-widths (half-width at half-maximum), a dynamic range greater than 500 times the measurement accuracy.
The synthesis of tritium, carbon‐14 and stable isotope labelled selective estrogen receptor degraders (2016)

As part of a Medicinal Chemistry program aimed at developing an orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor degrader, a number of tritium, carbon-14, and stable isotope labelled (E)-3-[4-(2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acids were required. This paper discusses 5 synthetic approaches to this compound class.
Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles stabilized with intermolecular disulfide bonds (2013)

We have presented a self-cross-link strategy to fabricate HSA nanoparticles using a desolvation method. The nanoparticles were stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds while still dissolvable in reducing media. The fabrication process does not involve any toxic chemicals and hence the nanoparticles may be useful as a drug carrier.
Suppression of Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase Is Essential to the Wnt/cGMP/Ca2+ Pathway (2006)

Novel downstream effectors sensing changes in intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and cyclic GMP in response to activation of the Wnt/Frizzled-2 pathway were sought. Activation of Frizzled-2 suppressed protein kinase G activity while activating NF-AT-dependent transcription. Each of these responses was abolished by pertussis toxin and by knock-down of the expression of either Galphat2 or Galphao. Activation of NF-AT-dependent transcription in response to Wnt5a stimulation was suppressed by activation of protein kinase G and by buffering intracellular Ca2+. Elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP either by inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase or by addition of 8-bromocyclic GMP was shown to activate protein kinase G, to block Ca2+ mobilization, as well as to markedly attenuate activation of NF-AT-dependent transcription in response to Wnt5a stimulation. Chemical inhibition of protein kinase G by Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP, conversely, was shown to provoke increased NF-AT gene transcription and Ca2+ mobilization in the absence of Wnt stimulation. Protein kinase G is shown to be a critical downstream effector of the noncanonical Wnt-Frizzled-2/cGMP/Ca2+ pathway.
Pathologic response to induction chemotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the breast: a determinant of outcome. (1995)

These results indicate that patients whose tumors have the best pathologic response to induction chemotherapy experience the best outcome.
Trace Enrichment of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Samples by Dynamic Ion-Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction (1997)

A novel trace enrichment procedure for ionogenic compounds in environmental aqueous samples, dynamic ion-exchange solid-phase extraction (DIE-SPE), is proposed and evaluated using 15 phenols as model compounds and GC/MS for detection. The procedure is based on the fact that the long-carbon-chain ionic surfactants, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), can be steadily adsorbed on the surface of C18-bonded silica, and the ionized functional groups of the adsorbed surfactant molecules can then act as ion-exchange sites to attract the ionized organic analytes from aqueous samples. At the same time, the bonded silica still remains its function as reversed-phase material. Therefore, the mechanism of DIE-SPE has two aspects, i.e., ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction. Sample pH, the loading amount of surfactant on the solid phase, and volume and matrixes of the sample were studied as the factors that affected the extraction efficiency. When applied to the trace enrichment of ionogenic compounds, DIE...
Solc elements in Lyot-Ohman filters (1980)

It is shown that for a peculiar arrangement of the plates of a Solc filter it is possible to get exactly the same spectral curve as for a Lyot-Ohman filter. Possible applications include improvements of the transparency of already existing Lyot filters and the design of more efficient prefilters. As a particular case it is found that a 3 plates Solc filter can be made identical to a 2 stages Lyot filter and thus is an alternative solution to the Evans split element; but it has the advantage of achromatism since no lambda /2 or lambda /4 plates are involved in its construction. Wide field properties of both devices are also investigated.
Cleansing databases of misspelled proper nouns (2006)

The paper presents a data cleansing technique for string databases. We propose and evaluate an algorithm that identifies a group of strings that consists of (multiple) occurrences of a correctly spelled string plus nearby misspelled strings. All strings in a group are replaced by the most frequent string of this group. Our method targets proper noun databases, including names and addresses, which are not handled by dictionaries. At the technical level we give an efficient solution for computing the center of a group of strings and determine the border of the group. We use inverse strings together with sampling to efficiently identify and cleanse a database. The experimental evaluation shows that for proper nouns the center calculation and border detection algorithms are robust and even very small sample sizes yield good results. 1
Radiosensitivity of cloned permanent murine bone marrow stromal cell lines: nonuniform effect of low dose rate. (1988)

The x-irradiation biology of supportive stromal cells of the bone marrow microenvironment was investigated by using cloned permanent cell lines that were established from hematopoietically active murine long-term bone marrow cultures. X-irradiation survival curves were derived for each cell line at either 120 cGy/min or clinical low dose rate (LDR) (5 cGy/min) that is used in total body irradiation protocols prior to bone marrow transplantation. Four cell lines, MBA-1, MBA-13, 14F2.1, and D2XRII (Group I) demonstrated a significant increase in D0 at 5 cGy/min (280 cGy, 270 cGy, 210 cGy, and 240 cGy, respectively) compared to 120 cGy/min (215 cGy, 210 cGy, 157 cGy, and 210 cGy, respectively) (p less than 0.05). In contrast, three other clonal cell lines, +/+ #2 cl 4, S1d #3, and GPI alpha-1 (Group II) showed no significant dose rate dependent change in D0 at 5 cGy/min (164 cGy, 174 cGy, and 159 cGy, respectively) compared to 120 cGy/min (159 cGy, 167 cGy, and 143 cGy, respectively). Group I and II cell lines could not be distinguished by differences in synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins including laminin, collagen types I and IV, or histochemically detectable enzymes. Three Group I lines (MBA-1, MBA-13, and D2XRII) and one Group II line, Sld #3, showed decreased support capacity for cocultivated hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. All seven lines had detectable polyA+ mRNA for monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as detected by molecular hybridization; one had detectable levels of polyA+ mRNA for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (D2XRII); one, detectable levels of polyA+ mRNA for interleukin 1 (IL-1); and none of the seven had detectable polyA+ mRNA for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or IL-3 (multi-CSF). The data indicate that some cells of the hematopoietic microenvironment may not be selectively protected by clinical low dose rate irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)