gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Resveratrol with Ferrylmyoglobin and Peroxynitrite; Protection Against LDL Oxidation (2002)

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural phytoalexin synthesized in response to injury or fungal attack, found in the grape skin and wine, specially red wine. A large number of studies have demonstrated that resveratrol regulates many biological activities, namely protection against atherosclerosis by a set of pharmacological properties, including the antioxidant activity. In this study, we explored the capacity of resveratrol in protecting low density lipoproteins (LDL) against either ferrylmyoglobin- or peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation and the underlying mechanisms of its antioxidant potential. Resveratrol efficiently decreases the accumulation of hydroperoxides in LDL promoted by ferrylmyoglobin, a potent oxidant formed by the reaction of metmyoglobin with hydrogen peroxide, in a concentration-dependent manner, promptly reducing the oxoferryl complex to metmyoglobin. Simultaneously, resveratrol is consumed as detected by the rapid decrease in the characteristic peak at 310 nm, in a similar way to that observed upon its reaction with peroxidase/H2O2, pointing to a mechanism of one-electron oxidation and subsequent resveratrol dimer formation. On the other hand, resveratrol inhibits LDL apoprotein modifications induced by peroxynitrite, another potent oxidant formed by the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide, as assessed by the decrease in apo-B net charge alterations and in carbonyl groups formation mediated by that oxidant. Resveratrol also interacts with peroxynitrite in a similar way to that observed with laccases, suggesting a mechanism of resveratrol oxidation rather than a nitration one. These mechanisms are discussed. Considering that either ferrylmyoglobin or peroxynitrite are physiologically relevant oxidants implicated in several pathologies, including atherosclerosis, our results certainly contribute to the understanding of the antioxidant action of resveratrol and consequently provide a new approach for the cardiovascular benefits associated with moderate consumption of red wine.
Real-Time Location of Impact on a Planar Surface (1991)

A proof-of-principle integrated hardware-software system has been developed which rapidly measures impact locations on a planar surface. This device operates by measuring the rate of charge transfer along an electrically resistive sheet from the point of impact to a series of charge collection tabs. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional transducer geometries have been investigated. A collection of calibration and correction software routines has been developed to increase impact location accuracy. The performance of this system has been evaluated for both laboratory and simulated field conditions. Multihit capability has been investigated by evaluating system performance with damaged transducer surfaces. Schematic diagrams are included of all electronic circuitry as well as listings of all software routines.
Intracardiac Echocardiography (2001)

This article describes currently available intracardiac ultrasound (ICE) technology contrasting it with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) highlighting their differences. Clinical applications in the electrophysiologic and cardiac catheterization laboratory are discussed and current limitations addressed. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is possible because lower frequency transducers (in contrast to higher frequency IVUS devices) have been miniaturized and mounted onto catheters capable of percutaneous insertion into the heart. These lower frequency transducers are capable of enhanced tissue penetration, permitting high-resolution 2D "whole heart" imaging. Also, with the introduction of the newest phased array transducer, Doppler hemodynamic data in addition to high resolution imaging can also be obtained. ICE facilitates electrophysiologic procedures by guiding transseptal catheterization, enabling endocardial anatomy visualization and targeting of arrhythmogenic substrate, ensuring optimal ablation electrode/tissue contact and promptly diagnosing procedural complications. Promising non-electrophysiologic applications include guidance of percutaneous closure of septal defects, percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty and complex cardiac biopsy. Current limitations include monoplanar imaging, narrow field of view, and relatively large size of the catheter. Intra-cardiac imaging is now a clinical tool and has the potential to play an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures. Further refinement and miniaturization of these transducers, through continued technological progress, will make way for primary operator controlled, integrated ultrasound-guided interventional devices.
Elements of Algebraic Topology (2018)

Elements of Algebraic Topology  provides the most concrete approach to the subject. With coverage of homology and cohomology theory, universal coefficient theorems, Kunneth theorem, duality in manifolds, and applications to classical theorems of point-set topology, this book is perfect for comunicating complex topics and the fun nature of algebraic topology for beginners.
Design and analysis of an MST-based topology control algorithm (2004)

In this paper, we present a minimum spanning tree (MST) based topology control algorithm, called local minimum spanning tree (LMST), for wireless multi-hop networks. In this algorithm, each node builds its local minimum spanning tree independently and only keeps on-tree nodes that are one-hop away as its neighbors in the final topology. We analytically prove several important properties of LMST: (1) the topology derived under LMST preserves the network connectivity; (2) the node degree of any node in the resulting topology is bounded by 6; and (3) the topology can be transformed into one with bidirectional links (without impairing the network connectivity) after removal of all uni-directional links. These results are corroborated in the simulation study.
Continuous low‐temperature rendering process (1959)

Summary A new process for rendering animal fat employing low temperature and short contact is described. This system gives an extremely high yield of quality fat and at the same time produces cracklings of low fat‐content. The individual pieces of equipment are shown along with their functions, which when combined into the continuous process make for a rendering operation of high efficiency. Plant operating information and material balances combined with flow sheet and actual plant photographs illustrate the efficiency, ease of operation, and compactness of the Centriflow Animal Fat Process.
HerpRap: A Hybrid Array Architecture Providing Any Point-in-Time Data Tracking for Datacenter (2012)

Both physical disk failure and logical errors such as software error, user abuse and virus attacks may cause data lose. The risk of logical errors is far greater than physical disk failure. Moreover, existing RAID solution cannot satisfy the reliability requirement in face of the logical errors in data centers. It is therefore becoming increasingly important for RAID-based storage systems to be able to recover data to any point-in-time when logical errors occur. We proposed a novel storage array architecture, Herp Rap, which is able to recover data from both physical disk failure and logical errors. We have implemented a prototype of Herp Rap and carried out extensive performance measurements using DBT-2 and file system benchmarks. Our experiments demonstrated that the proposed Herp Rap is able to track or recover data to any point-in-time quickly by tracing back the history of block logs. Moreover, Herp Rap outperforms existing HDD-based or SSD-based RAID5 with copy-on-write (COW) snapshot in terms of performance, energy efficiency, failure recovery ability and reliability.
Twenty-one-Year Trends in the Use of Inferior Vena Cava Filters (2004)

The use of IVC filters increased markedly during the last 2 decades in patients with PE, patients with DVT alone, and patients at risk who had neither PE nor DVT. Randomized controlled trials may lead to improved risk stratification and limit the number of unnecessary filter insertions.
Long Non-Coding RNA Deregulation in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2014)

Our results demonstrated that functional reannotation allows us to identify novel lncRNAs using the existing gene expression array dataset. The association of lncRNA with the T-stage and nodal status of tongue SCC patients suggested that lncRNA deregulation was involved in the pathogenesis of tongue SCC.
Mutant p53 partners in crime (2017)

Mutant p53 proteins impart changes in cellular behavior and function through interactions with proteins that alter gene expression. The milieu of intracellular proteins available to interact with mutant p53 is context specific and changes with disease, cell type, and environmental conditions. Varying conformations of mutant p53 largely dictate protein-protein interactions as different point mutations within protein-coding regions greatly alter the extent and array of gain-of-function (GOF) activities. Given such variables, how can knowledge regarding p53 missense mutations be translated into predicting or altering biologic activity for therapy? How may knowledge regarding mutant p53 functions within certain disease contexts be harnessed to blunt or ablate mutant p53 GOF for therapy? In this article, we review known proteins that interact with mutant p53 and result in the activation of genes that contribute to p53 GOF with particular emphasis on context dependency and an evolving appreciation of GOF mechanisms.
Inhaltsstoffe von Muira puama. 2. Mitteilung (1969)

Abstract Ein Gemisch der Arachin‐, Behen‐ und Lignocerinsäure wurde nach Arndt‐Eistert in ein Gemisch der homologen Uncosan‐, Tricosan‐ und Pentacosansäure verwandelt und dieses methyliert. Das Gemisch der Methylester der 6 genannten Fettsäuren erwies sich mit dem der Säuren aus der Estersubstanz der Droge Muira puama identisch. Die ungeradzahligen Säuren sind in dem natürlichen Säuregemisch zu etwa 20% enthalten.
The Learning Rates Overpowering Impact on Cost Estimates and How to Diminish it (1996)

Abstract Standard cost-estimating practice involves application of a cost-improvement factor, or “learning” rate, to account for management, engineering, and production improvements that save money as successive units are produced. Lack of credible historical data that are analogous or applicable, however, makes it difficult or even impossible to determine exactly what the “correct” learning rate will be in any particular estimating context. Nevertheless, the estimator's choice of learning rate exerts a major, perhaps dominant, impact on the estimate of the total spending profile of a large-quantity production program to the extent that small variations in the assumed learning rate substantially outweigh all other contributions to the total program estimate. Effects of learning-rate uncertainty on program cost estimates can, however, be mitigated by eschewing cost models that provide estimates of “theoretical first-unit” (T1) costs in favor of models that estimate average unit cost of a realistic number of units (e.g., 10 satellites, 25 launch vehicles, 100 aircraft). The latter kind of model circumvents the controlling effect of the steep portion of the learning curve (involving the first few production units), thereby reducing the detrimental impact of learning-rate guesswork on the parts of both model developers (who need to assume a learning rate in order to normalize historical data) and model users (who need to assume a learning rate in order to estimate total production costs).
Intestinal cytokines in children with pervasive developmental disorders (2003)

A relationship between autism and gastrointestinal (GI) immune dysregulation has been postulated based on incidence of GI complaints as well as macroscopically observed lymphonodular hyperplasia and microscopically determined enterocolitis in pediatric patients with autism. To evaluate GI immunity, we quantitatively assessed levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta, produced by intestinal biopsies of children with pervasive developmental disorders.Fifteen patients, six with pervasive developmental disorders and nine age-matched controls, presenting for diagnostic colonoscopy were enrolled. Endoscopic biopsies were organ cultured, supernatants were harvested, and IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta levels were quantified by ELISA. Tissue histology was evaluated by blinded pathologists.Concentrations of IL-6 from intestinal organ culture supernatants of patients with pervasive developmental disorders (median 318.5 pg/ml, interquartile range 282.0-393.0 pg/ml) when compared with controls (median 436.9 pg/ml, interquartile range 312.6-602.5 pg/ml) were not significantly different (p = 0.0987). Concentrations of IL-8 (median 84,000 pg/ml, interquartile range 16,000-143,000 pg/ml) when compared with controls (median 177,000 pg/ml, interquartile range 114,000-244,000 pg/ml) were not significantly different (p = 0.0707). Concentrations of IL-1beta (median 0.0 pg/ml, interquartile range 0.0-94.7 pg/ml) when compared with controls (median 0.0 pg/ml, interquartile range 0.0-60.2 pg/ml) were not significantly different (p = 0.8826). Tissue histology was nonpathological for all patients.We have demonstrated no significant difference in production of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta between patients with pervasive developmental disorders and age-matched controls. In general, intestinal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were lower in patients with pervasive developmental disorders than in age-matched controls. These data fail to support an association between autism and GI inflammation.
Using multiple focal planes to enhance depth of focus (1992)

The technique of exposing chips several times, changing the focal plane of the stepper between exposures, has been proposed by others as a way of improving the depth of focus when printing contact holes. We have investigated this technique with aerial image simulation, using criteria based on exposure and defocus latitudes. In addition, we have performed experiments using an i-line stepper to establish the correlation between simulation and what is achievable when printing images in resist. In this paper we investigate the following questions: (i) what is the optimum number of focal planes; (ii) what is the best separation of these planes; (iii) what is the effect on exposure dose; and (iv) what is the net process improvement?
Ribavirin-Resistant Mutants of Human Enterovirus 71 Express a High Replication Fidelity Phenotype during Growth in Cell Culture (2012)

It has been shown in animal models that ribavirin-resistant poliovirus with a G64S mutation in its 3D polymerase has high replication fidelity coupled with attenuated virulence. Here, we describe the effects of mutagenesis in the human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) 3D polymerase on ribavirin resistance and replication fidelity. Seven substitutions were introduced at amino acid position 3D-G64 of a HEV71 full-length infectious cDNA clone (26M). Viable clone-derived virus populations were rescued from the G64N, G64R, and G64T mutant cDNA clones. The clone-derived G64R and G64T mutant virus populations were resistant to growth inhibition in the presence of 1,600 μM ribavirin, whereas the growth of parental 26M and the G64N mutant viruses were inhibited in the presence of 800 μM ribavirin. Nucleotide sequencing of the 2C and 3D coding regions revealed that the rate of random mutagenesis after 13 passages in the presence of 400 μM ribavirin was nearly 10 times higher in the 26M genome than in the mutant G64R virus genome. Furthermore, random mutations acquired in the 2C coding regions of 26M and G64N conferred resistance to growth inhibition in the presence of 0.5 mM guanidine, whereas the G64R and G64T mutant virus populations remained susceptible to growth inhibition by 0.5 mM guanidine. Interestingly, a S264L mutation identified in the 3D coding region of 26M after ribavirin selection was also associated with both ribavirin-resistant and high replication fidelity phenotypes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the 3D-G64R, 3D-G64T, and 3D-S264L mutations confer resistance upon HEV71 to the antiviral mutagen ribavirin, coupled with a high replication fidelity phenotype during growth in cell culture.
Toward the Automatic Updating of Land-Cover Maps by a Domain-Adaptation SVM Classifier and a Circular Validation Strategy (2009)

In this paper, we address automatic updating of land-cover maps by using remote-sensing images periodically acquired over the same investigated area under the hypothesis that a reliable ground truth is not available for all the considered acquisitions. The problem is modeled in the domain-adaptation framework by introducing a novel method designed for land-cover map updating, which is based on a domain-adaptation support vector machine technique. In addition, a novel circular accuracy assessment strategy is proposed for the validation of the results obtained by domain-adaptation classifiers when no ground-truth labels for the considered image are available. Experimental results obtained on a multitemporal and multispectral data set confirmed the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed system.
Forced Steering of Rail Vehicles: Stability and Curving Mechanics (1981)

SUMMARY A forced steering rail vehicle employs linkages between.the carbody and wheelsets to force a more radial wheelset alignment. It is shown that the curve negotiation capability of forced steering trucks is significantly improved over conventional and self steering radial trucks. Parametric curves are presented showing angle-of-attack and lateral flange force as a function of steering gain parameters and truck bending stiffness. It is also shown that the forced steering concept can produce kinematic instability and severely reduced critical speeds for low conicities and creep coefficients. Analytic expressions are derived that illustrate how these kinematic instabilities can be avoided.
Effect of evaporation and pasteurization in the biochemical and immunological composition of human milk (2007)

By evaporation at 70% of the baseline value of human milk, it is possible to obtain human milk that meets the nutritional requirements recommended for preterm infants, except for calcium and phosphorus.
Applications of fuzzy logic to software metric models for development effort estimation (2002)

Software metrics are measurements of the software development process and product that can be used as variables (both dependent and independent) in models for project management. The most common types of these models are those used for predicting the development effort for a software system based on size, complexity, developer characteristics, and other metrics. Despite the financial benefits from developing accurate and usable models, there are a number of problems that have not been overcome using the traditional techniques of formal and linear regression models. These include the nonlinearities and interactions inherent in complex real-world development processes, the lack of stationarity in such processes, over-commitment to precisely specified values, the small quantities of data often available, and the inability to use whatever knowledge is available where exact numerical values are unknown. The use of alternative techniques, especially fuzzy logic, is investigated and some usage recommendations are made.
Anticancer and health protective properties of citrus fruit components (2002)

Accumulated evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates that there is a low risk of degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cataract, stroke and, in particular, cancers in people with a high intake of fruit and vegetables. This protective effect is assumed to be associated mainly with the antioxidant activities of either individual or interacting bioactive components present in the fruits and vegetables, and with other biochemical and physical characteristics of the identified and unknown bioactive components. The implicated bioactive components present in citrus fruits include vitamin C, beta-carotene, flavonoids, limonoids, folic acid, and dietary fibre. A high intake of citrus fruits may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases.
The baroreceptor reflex and bradycardia in paediatric craniofacial surgery (1994)

Summary Bradycardia associated with craniofacial surgery has been a recognized phenomenon for many years. The mechanism by which this reflex occurs is almost invariably attributed to the ‘trigemino‐cardiac’ reflex. This paper offers evidence that some bradycardias may result from the ‘baroreceptor reflex'.
Analysis and design of broadside-coupled striplines-fed bow-tie antennas (1998)

The design of a bow-tie antenna fed by broadside-coupled striplines (BCS) for the 2.4-GHz ISM band is described. The two fins of the bow tie are, respectively, on the two sides of the substrate. The feeding balanced lines adopted are the BCS. A quarter-wave transformer is used to transform the microstrip line input to the BCS feed. An analysis method based on the mixed-potential integral equation method is used to characterize the input characteristics of the bow-tie antenna. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data. Through experiments with bow-tie antennas of various extended angles, the bow-tie antenna with a 90/spl deg/ extended angle exhibits the widest bandwidth in the desired frequency band, which has a bandwidth of 19% for a VSWR<1.5:1.
Precise SDF1-mediated cell guidance is achieved through ligand clearance and microRNA-mediated decay (2013)

During animal development, SDF1 simultaneously guides various cell types to different targets. As many targets are in close proximity to one another, it is unclear how the system avoids mistargeting. Zebrafish trigeminal sensory neurons express the SDF1 receptor Cxcr4b and encounter multiple SDF1 sources during migration, but ignore all but the correct one. We show that miR-430 and Cxcr7b regulation of SDF1a are required for precise guidance. In the absence of miR-430 or Cxcr7b, neurons responded to ectopic SDF1a sources along their route and did not reach their target. This was due to a failure to clear SDF1a transcript and protein from sites of expression that the migrating neurons had already passed. Our findings suggest an "attractive path" model in which migrating cells closely follow a dynamic SDF1a source that is refined on a transcript and protein level by miR-430 and Cxcr7b, respectively.
John Doe, Jr.: A Study of His Distribution in Space, Time, and the Social Structure (1974)

This is an exploratory paper using unobtrusive measures to study regularities in the American practice of using Jr. and numerical suffixes to indicate patrilateral name inheritance. The practice is shown to be more common on the eastern seaboard than elsewhere in the country. Over the present century it is shown to have increased rapidly and then to have declined. This changing incidence over time is paralleled by a changing distribution in the social structure: originally practiced by the white property-owning and professional class, it has spread to the white working class and to the black population. This practice is usefully considered as a property of the status system and its changing distribution can be understood as status usurpation through the operation of the trickle effect.