gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examining the Interoperability of PPP-AR Products (2015)

Integer ambiguity resolution of carrier-phase measurements from a single receiver can be implemented by applying additional satellite products to mitigate the unmodeled satellite hardware delay. Interoperability of different PPP-AR products would allow the PPP user to transform independently generated PPP-AR products to obtain multiple fixed solutions of comparable precision and accuracy with limited changes required to the core PPP software. The ability to provide multiple solutions would increase the reliability of the solution for, e.g., real-time processing; if there were an outage in the generation of one set of PPP-AR products, the user could instantly switch streams to a different provider. 
There are currently three main public providers of real-time products that enable PPP-AR. These included Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Natural Resources Canada and Centre national d'etudes spatiales. The research presented examines the PPP-AR products generated from the FCB (Fractional Cycle Bias) and IRC (Integer Receover Clock) model that have been transformed into the DC (Decoupled Clock) format and applied within the PPP user solution. The novelty of the research is the solution analysis using the transformed product. The convergence time (time to first fix and time to a pre-defined performance level), position precision (repeatability), position accuracy and solution outliers are examined. The temporal and spatial behaviour of these estimated terms are examined for the different products applied to understand the unmodeled effects that introduce incorrect solution fixes.
Unlike the fixed solution using the DC products, instantaneous convergence was not attained in the horizontal and vertical component when the transformed IRC and FCB products were utilized. In the horizontal component, the transformed IRC product took 10 minutes to attain the predefined threshold while the FCB product took 31 minutes in the horizontal component. A steady state was never attained, as jumps in the solution occurred at frequent intervals. The transformed IRC product had solution jumps every 15 minutes and the transformed FCB products had jumps in the solution every 30 to 45 minutes. The unstable solution from both transformed products are attributed to the magnitude of transformed products, as they were sub-nanoseconds in magnitude, whereas the DC products were few nanoseconds in magnitude.
A 2D+3D face authentication system robust under pose and illumination variations (2005)

A complete face authentication system integrating 2D color and 3D depth images is described in this paper. Depth information, acquired by a novel low-cost 3D and color sensor based on the structured light approach, is used for robust face detection, localization and 3D pose estimation. To cope with illumination and pose variations, 3D information is used for the normalization of the input images. Illumination compensation exploits depth data to recover the illumination of the scene and relight the image under frontal lighting. The performance of the proposed system is tested on a face database of more than 3,000 images, in conditions similar to those encountered in real-world applications. Experimental results show that when normalized images, depicting upright orientation and frontal lighting, are used for authentication, significantly lower error rates are achieved. Moreover, the combination of color and depth data results in increased authentication accuracy, compared to the use of each modality alone.
[Effect of gamma-radiation on the content of vitamin E in rats]. (2003)

The dynamics of vitamin E dose-dependence in the blood serum of Vistar line male rats after the total single irradiation with 60Co gamma-quantums in 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 Gy doses (during 120 days); 7.0 Gy (during 20 days); 9.0 Gy (during 15 days) were studied. The vitamin E content values both in the norm and in 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 65, 90 and 120 days after irradiation are given. The experiment data show that the dose dependence of vitamin E products has wavelike character. The possible causes of the vitamin E level decrease under intake of small and high doses of gamma-irradiation are discussed.
Analysis of Substrate Current and HCI Phenomena in High Voltage NMOSFET (2006)

An unusual substrate current (Isub) and corresponding hot-carrier injection (HCI) degradation of our 18V nMOS are studied. There is only one maximal Isub for a standard transistor, but for HV nMOS, an abnormal increase of Isub at high gate voltage (Vg) is observed in the Isub-Vg curves with drain voltage (Vd) fixed at 18V as shown in Fig. 1. At Vg=4V, Isub exhibits a conventional peak in a standard device and this was already explained before. However, abnormal Isub increases monotonically with increasing Vg and is comparable to the first peak at Vg=Vd=Vdd. By excluding leakage currents including GIDL, pn junction and tunneling current, we explain the two peaks with simulation as shown in Fig. 4. The location of the second peak ionization rate is found to shift to the edge of NGRD (N-type Graded Drain) near N-plus region. It is attributed to the high resistance and dose abruptness of NGRD. Isub shows an exponential dependence of Vg, not as a function of 1/Vg conventionally. The degradation of drain saturation current (Idsat) and interface trap density (Nit) are plotted as a function of time to investigate the evolutions of nMOS HCI stressed at Vg=4V,Vd=18V and Vg=Vd=18V. Nit is predominant for the degradation for the first Isub peak stress condition, while hole injection is responsible for the degradation at Vg=Vd so that Idsat increases.
Reaction-rate method for gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in serum. (1976)

Journal Article Reaction-rate method for gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in serum. Get access G Szasz G Szasz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 22, Issue 12, 1 December 1976, Pages 2051–2055, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/22.12.2051 Published: 01 December 1976
A Model of Foreign Policy Substitutability (2000)

The authors present a model of substitutability that seeks to generalize beyond the restricted conditions and special case of realism. The derivations from the model lead to several hypotheses. First, if a state's relative capabilities increase, resources given to all foreign policies should increase. Second, when the efficiency of one policy increases, resources given to other policies should decline. Third, when the relative salience for one good increases, resources devoted to policies that produce that good should increase, while resources devoted to policies that produce other goods should diminish. The authors use the model to guide an investigation of the effects of increased resources, new alliances, and more efficient existing alliances on the policies of conflict initiation and increases in military spending. The findings are inconsistent with realism's version of substitutability but can be explained by an n-good approach.
The design of a real-time accelerometer-based sleeping position monitoring system and its application on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (2012)

In this paper, we design and present a novel real-time sleeping position monitoring system. The sensing modules composed of 3-axis accelerometers are placed on object's forehead and chest to monitor the object's position during sleeping by calculating the angles between gravity vector and its three axes. System is driven by an inexpensive and low power microcontroller. In this system, we implement a proposed novel CORDIC-based algorithm on the embedded microcontroller so that the system is capable of transferring the raw data of the accelerometer from motion domain to angular domain in-line, and the system can provide the inclination or tilt angle information by itself in real-time. The sleeping position information is integrated into polysomnography (PSG) to cooperate the study of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome.
Shadows on the wall (1957)

Like solemn slaves of one gust-harried light, These forms of branches, leaves, and trellis bars...
A glucocorticoid‐inducible transcription system causes severe growth defects in Arabidopsis and induces defense‐related genes (1999)

A glucocorticoid-inducible transcription system was employed to control the expression of AtEBP, an Arabidopsis transcription factor. A number of the transgenic AtEBP lines had developmental and growth defects when grown on dexamethasone (DEX), a strong synthetic glucocorticoid. However, these growth defects were not confined to the AtEBP lines but were observed with other transgenic lines that were generated using the same system, including empty vector lines. In about 25% of the AtEBP or empty vector transgenic lines, these growth defects were severe and in some cases led to death. As AtEBP has been linked to the plant defense response, the expression of specific defense-related genes, including a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was also examined. PDF1.2, a plant defensin gene, was strongly induced in all transgenic lines examined following treatment with DEX, including empty vector lines that did not show any observable DEX-induced growth defect. PR-5 was induced to a lesser extent in all the lines, while the expression of PR-1, PR-2 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3 (PAL3) did not change significantly. While the induction of the AtEBP transgene and PDF1.2 had similar DEX concentration requirements, the kinetics of induction differed significantly, with the AtEBP transgene being induced within 1 h and PDF1.2 only being induced between 24 and 48 h. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth defects and changes in gene expression remain to be determined, these changes appear to result from the glucocorticoid-inducible system itself, and may therefore limit the usefulness of this system for controlling gene expression in Arabidopsis.
Increased bcl-2/bax ratio in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with a progressive pattern of disease. (1998)

In order to evaluate clinical implications of altered expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) we studied 27 patients with this disease. Cytofluorometric levels of bcl-2 did not reflect the status of disease. In contrast bax expression was lower in progressive than in non-progressive disease, therefore leading to a higher bcl-2/bax ratio in patients of the former group. If confirmed in longitudinal studies, quantitative cytofluorometric evaluation of bcl-2 and bax protein might help to identify patients with progressive disease who could possibly benefit from early therapy.
Separation of Heart Sounds and Lung Sounds Using Adaptive Lattice Wiener Filter (1989)

A new proposed method can separate heart sounds and lung sounds by the realization of adaptive noise canceler using adaptive lattice Wiener filter in contrast to adaptive transversal LMS filter and high pass filter as before. Lung sounds and ECG signal are detected for this purpose, and especially the second heart sounds are reduced by finding T wave location with a T wave seeking algorithm. As a result, for heart sounds reduction It was found that adaptive transversal LMS filter required 100-200's orders, 75-100's orders In adaptive transversal MLMS filter, and only 10-20's orders in adaptive lattice Wiener filter. Adaptive filtering technique has shown greater accuracy than high pass filtering without loss of low frequency component.
Lateral access to the holes of photonic crystal fibers – selective filling and sensing applications (2006)

A new, simple, technique is demonstrated to laterally access the cladding holes of solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) or the central hole of hollow-core PCFs by blowing a hole through the fiber wall (using a fusion splicer and the application of pressure). For both fiber types material was subsequently and successfully inserted into the holes. The proposed method compares favorably with other reported selective filling techniques in terms of simplicity and reproducibility. Also, since the holes are laterally filled, simultaneous optical access to the PCFs is possible, which can prove useful for practical sensing applications. As a proof-of-concept experiment, Rhodamine fluorescence measurements are shown.
The Distribution and Density of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Toxin Receptors on the Intestinal Mucosa of Neonatal Pigs (2007)

Clostridium difficile is an enteric pathogen affecting a variety of mammals, but it has only recently been diagnosed as a cause of neonatal typhlocolitis in pigs. The most important virulence factors of C. difficile are 2 large exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). TcdA is a potent enterotoxin with effects on host tissues that are dependent upon receptor-mediated endocytosis of the intact toxin. TcdB is an effective cytotoxin, but it apparently does not bind receptors on intact mucosal epithelium. TcdB is much less toxic in vivo unless there is underlying damage to the mucosa, and it is not essential for the virulence of C. difficile. One hypothesis to explain the resistance of most species as neonates (e.g., humans and hamsters) is that they may lack significant numbers of TcdA receptors. The susceptibility of neonatal pigs suggests cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa express sufficient numbers of toxin receptors for lesion development. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays documented specific binding of TcdA, but not TcdB, to the epithelium of the small and large intestine. The carbohydrate Galalpha1-3beta1-4GlcNAc-R has been described as an important receptor for TcdA. However, IHC indicated a distribution on cell surfaces much different from that of TcdA binding, suggesting a specific interaction of toxin with an alternative receptor.
Probing the local conformational change of α<sub>1</sub>‐antitrypsin (2007)

The native form of serpins (serine protease inhibitors) is a metastable conformation, which converts into a more stable form upon complex formation with a target protease. It has been suggested that movement of helix-F (hF) and the following loop connecting to strand 3 of beta-sheet A (thFs3A) is critical for such conformational change. Despite many speculations inferred from analysis of the serpin structure itself, direct experimental evidence for the mobilization of hF/thFs3A during the inhibition process is lacking. To probe the mechanistic role of hF and thFs3A during protease inhibition, a disulfide bond was engineered in alpha(1)-antitrypsin, which would lock the displacement of thFs3A from beta-sheet A. We measured the inhibitory activity of each disulfide-locked mutant and its heat stability against loop-sheet polymerization. Presence of a disulfide between thFs3A and s5A but not between thFs3A and s3A caused loss of the inhibitory activity, suggesting that displacement of hF/thFs3A from strand 5A but not from strand 3A is required during the inhibition process. While showing little influence on the inhibitory activity, the disulfide between thFs3A and s3A retarded loop-sheet polymerization significantly. This successful protein engineering of alpha(1)-antitrypsin is expected to be of value in clinical applications. Based on our current studies, we propose that the reactive-site loop of a serpin glides through between s5A and thFs3A for the full insertion into beta-sheet A while a substantial portion of the interactions between hF and s3A is kept intact.
A New Interpretation of EXAFS Spectra in Real Space: II. A Comparison of the Regularization Technique with the Fourier Transformation Method (1981)

Abstract The errors in the initial EXAFS data are simulated numerically. The comparative sensitivity of the regular methods and of the Fourier transformation method to these errors is analyzed. The theoretically calculated normalized oscillating part of the absorption coefficient χ(k) for polycrystalline copper at T = 77.4 K is compared with the experimental spectrum obtained with the use of a synchrotron facility. The spectrum involved is processed using regular methods. A substantial improvement of the result in comparison with the Fourier method is shown.
New Methods for Producing Nylon 6,6 Fibers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties (2004)

Aliphatic polyamides are very important thermoplastic polymers. They exhibit good mechanical properties and therefore these polymers are suitable in many industrial applications. To improve mechanical properties of these polymers, a lot of efforts have been made by focusing on orientation and crystallinity. These two important parameters can be improved by increasing draw ratios. However, it is difficult to overcome traditional draw ratios for polyamides due to strong hydrogen bonding between amide linkages in the polymer chains. Many approaches have been done to suppress hydrogen bonding in polyamides. Plasticizers such as ammonia, iodine, salts and several spinning methods such as dry spinning, wet spinning, gel spinning, dry-jet wet spinning have been investigated. More specialized methods for obtaining high modulus aliphatic polyamides such as vibrational zone drawing/annealing as well as laser heating zone drawing/annealing are also discussed. A new technique that involves the dry-jet wet spinning and drawing GaCl3/nylon 66 complex has been developed. This new method allows overcoming traditional draw ratio for nylon 66 by disrupting the interchain hydrogen bonded network. Fibers with a very high modulus and strength were obtained when high molecular weight nylon 66 was used. Solid state polymerization (SSP) of nylon 66 is reported to obtain high molecular weight of nylon 66. It was found the polymerization temperature is the most the most important factor that controls the final molecular weight of the polymer. The kinetic of SSP was also investigated by using various experimental conditions. Low (30,000 g/mole) and high molecular weight (170,000 g/mole) nylon 66 were used to prepare, nano- scale non-woven by using an electrospinning technique. The experiments showed that a mixed solvent consisting of formic acid and chloroform is a good medium for electrospinning nylon 66. Fiber diameter increased and fiber diameter distribution was broader with increasing polymer concentration in both low and high molecular weight nylon 66. Initial modulus of electrospun web improved for high molecular weight nylon 66 particularly when a low polymer concentration of 3% was used. This study demonstrated that the use of high MW nylon 66 is a simple approach for improving the mechanical properties of electrospun filaments.
Using filters for chaotic synchronization for communications (2002)

There have been many proposals recently to use synchronized chaotic systems for communications, but the problems of actually sending chaotic signals in a noisy environment, altering the spectral properties of chaos, and resisting unmasking have yet to be solved. In this work, it is shown that a chaotic carrier signal may be filtered and transmitted to a receiver where the carrier signal is reconstructed by a process that does not involve any inversions. This technique allows (1) engineering of the spectral properties of the chaotic signal (2) communications via chaotic carrier in the presence of noise (3) the separation of multiple information-carrying chaotic signals with overlapping frequency spectra.
The method of fundamental solution for solving multidimensional inverse heat conduction problems (2005)

We propose in this paper an effective meshless and integration-free method for the numerical solution of multidimensional inverse heat conduction problems. Due to the use of fundamental solutions as basis functions, the method leads to a global approximation scheme in both the spatial and time domains. To tackle the ill-conditioning problem of the resultant linear system of equations, we apply the Tikhonov regularization method based on the generalized cross-validation criterion for choosing the regularization parameter to obtain a stable approximation to the solution. The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated by several numerical two and three-dimensional examples.
Parallel algorithms for VLSI computer-aided design (1994)

Parallel computing is becoming an increasingly cost effective and affordable means for providing enormous computing power, and massively parallel (MPP) machines have been relatively easy to build. However, designing good parallel algorithms that can efficiently use the hardware resources to get the maximum performance remains a challenge. This text discusses the design and use of practical parallel algorithms for solving problems in a growing application area whose computational requirements are enormous - VLSI CAD applications. It also examines practical parallel algorithms (written in C and pseudo-C) for all forms of parallel programming - shared memory, MIMD, message passing distributed MIMD and SIMD, for a variety of interesting applications, with experimental results.
Perceived stress in patients with migraine: a case-control study (2017)

Chronic migraine is a critical factor for perceived stress. Perceived stress affects QOL of migraine patients.
An access and control protocol for optical packet switched metropolitan area network (2005)

Based on the ring topology and the applied technology at present, we propose an access and control protocol for optical packet switched metropolitan area DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) network. In this paper, we have given an access and control protocol first, and explained the reservation of resource, the setting of optical transmitter and receiver, the control message, and then studied the properties of waiting delay through mathematic analysis and computer simulation.
Design of a Room Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) systems, various indoor environmental parameters can be monitored in real time by an RF wireless sensor module. A wireless sensor module with several sensors is developed for an indoor environment monitoring system. ZigBee is a wireless standard for personal area network (PAN) sensor monitoring and control, also known as IEEE 802.15.4. In this paper, we designed a wireless sensor module that had a ZigBee communication module and a sensor module for monitoring a room or an office environment using WSN. The sensor module has various enlargements for various types of sensors, for example, a humidity sensor, temperature sensor, and O 2 and CO 2 sensors. Using ZigBee technology of 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, we could monitor the information from terminal PC modules that are attached to the wall of an office or a room. A wireless sensor device was developed to circuit schematic using PowerPCB tool PADS and made it a printed circuit board (PCB). From the results of our tests, we confirmed that the designed wireless sensor module and room monitoring system can supply a comfortable environment for people by monitoring the indoor environment.
Niños protagonistas en "Los piratas del barco de vapor" (2003)

El presente trabajo analiza y comenta los cuentos de la coleccion Los Piratas del Barco de Vapor en los que el papel protagonista esta desempenado por un nino; por una parte, considerando los elementos que sirven de conflicto a la trama de cada relato y, por otra, observando el tratamiento que los adultos o el grupo de personas que rodean al nino dispensan a tales conflictos. Asi tendremos oportunidad de considerar cual es el modelo masculino que va modelandose a lo largo de los catorce titulos que veremos y, consecuentemente, cual es el papel que esta coleccion le tiene reservado al nino en la sociedad que presenta. Una vez finalizado el analisis de los ninos protagonistas, establecemos una comparacion entre ninos protagonistas y ninas protagonistas, entre los problemas que diferenciadamente les ocupan; y tambien podremos concluir cual es la actitud general del entorno respecto a cada sexo.