gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Assessment of Lipoprotein Profile in Type 1 Diabetes by 1H NMR Spectroscopy (2015)

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) present increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to improve the assessment of lipoprotein profile in patients with T1D by using a robust developed method 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), for further correlation with clinical factors associated to CVD. Thirty patients with T1D and 30 non-diabetes control (CT) subjects, matched for gender, age, body composition (DXA, BMI, waist/hip ratio), regular physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2peak), were analyzed. Dietary records and routine lipids were assessed. Serum lipoprotein particle subfractions, particle sizes, and cholesterol and triglycerides subfractions were analyzed by 1H NMR. It was evidenced that subjects with T1D presented lower concentrations of small LDL cholesterol, medium VLDL particles, large VLDL triglycerides, and total triglycerides as compared to CT subjects. Women with T1D presented a positive association with HDL size (p<0.005; R = 0.601) and large HDL triglycerides (p<0.005; R = 0.534) and negative (p<0.005; R = -0.586) to small HDL triglycerides. Body fat composition represented an important factor independently of normal BMI, with large LDL particles presenting a positive correlation to total body fat (p<0.005; R = 0.505), and total LDL cholesterol and small LDL cholesterol a positive correlation (p<0.005; R = 0.502 and R = 0.552, respectively) to abdominal fat in T1D subjects; meanwhile, in CT subjects, body fat composition was mainly associated to HDL subclasses. VO2peak was negatively associated (p<0.005; R = -0.520) to large LDL-particles only in the group of patients with T1D. In conclusion, patients with T1D with adequate glycemic control and BMI and without chronic complications presented a more favourable lipoprotein profile as compared to control counterparts. In addition, slight alterations in BMI and/or body fat composition showed to be relevant to provoking alterations in lipoproteins profiles. Finally, body fat composition appears to be a determinant for cardioprotector lipoprotein profile.
On-Line Alpha Spectroscopy of Neutron-Deficient Actinium Isotopes (1968)

Isotopes of actinium lighter than mass 216 were studied at the Berkeley heavy-ion linear accelerator by bombardment of $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ with $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, enriched $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}$ and $^{203}\mathrm{Tl}$ with $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ with $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$. Silicon (Au) surface-barrier detectors were used in on-line measurements to determine $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay characteristics. Mass-number assignments of $^{209}\mathrm{Ac}$ through $^{215}\mathrm{Ac}$ were made on the basis of excitation functions, genetic relationships with radium isotopes, and systematic trends in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay energies. Half-lives and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle energies were determined.
Thermal modeling for warpage effects in organic packages (2008)

INTRODUCTION Maintaining the integrity of the heat dissipation path for high end microelectronic devices has become increasingly challenging as the industry migrates from ceramic to organic packaging. Typically, flip chip organic packages undergo significant thermal and mechanical stresses throughout the manufacturing process, including chip join, underfill, encapsulation, BGA attach and card join. As a result of the mismatch of thermal and mechanical properties between the components, significant warpage is generated in the organic substrate, the chip, and the thermal interface material (TIM1) on completion of the assembly. Warpage affects not only the substrate coplanarity but also the thermal performance of the TIM1. At room temperature, the center of an adhesive TIM1 is under compression between the lid and chip while the corners and edges are under tensile stress. The effective thermal conductivity for the portions of the TIM1 under tensile stress can be significantly lower due to the elongation of the gap and the narrowing of the heat flow area. The present paper describes an approach to model the thermal performance of an adhesive thermal interface material taking into account the warpage effects and the inherent out-of-flatness in the heat spreader. Reasonable agreement is obtained between the modeling results and thermal measurements for a representative thermal test vehicle. The present modeling approach can potentially be used to optimize the component design and the bond and assembly process to achieve optimum thermal performance.
Safety and Performance of Tadiran TLR‐7103 Rechargeable Batteries (1996)

In this paper we report on the characteristics and performance of a new rechargeable 3 V battery system developed at Tadiran. The behavior of AA cells of an 800 to 750 mAh capacity is described in terms of charge‐discharge curves, cycle life, and low‐temperature and high‐current performance. At charging regimes around C/10, more than 350 cycles at 100% DOD could be obtained. These batteries have a unique cell chemistry based on /1,3‐dioxolane/tributyl amine electrolyte solutions which provide internal safety mechanisms that protect the cells from short circuit, overcharge, and thermal runaway upon heating up to 135°C. This behavior is due to the fact that the electrolyte solution is stable at low‐to‐medium temperatures but polymerizes at temperatures over 125°C.
Spectroscopy of high-redshift EIS clusters (2004)

We present multi-object spectroscopic observations from FORS1 mounted at the VLT for 5 clusters detected in the ESO Imaging Survey. Together with the results for three other clusters presented previously, we confirm a total of 6 out of 8 clusters with estimated redshift . The spectroscopic redshifts are in good agreement with the estimated ones.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html
On Certain Effects of Starvation on Vegetable and Animal Tissues.1 (1880)

ABSTRACT That insufficient supply of nutritive material is closely connected with fatty degeneration of tissue is a well-ascertained pathological phenomenon. Rindfleisch, in his work on ‘Pathological Histology,’ expresses himself as follows in regard to this subject:—“This (the exclusively pathological category of fatty metamorphosis) includes all cases of disproportion between the means of nutrition and the parenchyma to be nourished. Such a disproportion may be caused either by a diminution of the nutriens, or by an increase of the nutriendum. If a minute vessel in the brain is plugged, the circulation in the area which it supplies is not wholly suspended, owing to the manifold anastomoses with neighbouring vessels ; nevertheless, a very considerable retardation of the current takes place, which may even give rise to temporary stasis and to haemorrhage, and this suffices to disturb nutrition, and so to cause fatty metamorphosis.”3
Purpose-built metal oxide nanomaterials. The emergence of a new generation of smart materials (2000)

Abstract A new concept has been developed in order to achieve a new generation of smart materials, namely purpose-built materials, modeled and designed to match the physical and structural requirements of their applications. A model based on the thermodynamic monitoring of the nucleation, growth, and aging process of metal oxide by minimization of the interfacial tension, yielding to the thermodynamic stabilization of the system, results in well-designed and well-ordered nanostructured materials with the required porosity, morphology, size, and orientation on various substrates.
Assessing The Risk Of Phosphorus Delivery To North Carolina Waters (2002)

Because of the wide variation in climate, crops, cropping systems, soil types, multiple losspathways, BMPs, distance to water, and many other factors, use of a P loss index is the option best suited forNorth Carolina. Although more difficult to develop, a robust P loss index that accurately accounts for thesevariations between and within fields is the only approach that can reasonably assess the potential for P deliveryto surface and groundwater through diverse pathways. The North Carolina P loss assessment tool (PLAT) willbe applied on a field-by-field basis as part of the voluntary NRCS nutrient management planning process.While the process is not complete at this writing, the basic components of the PLAT have been developed andare currently being field tested. Ultimately, PLAT will be used to assign each field or conservationmanagement unit a low, medium, high, or very high relative risk rating for excessive P delivery to nearby water.By assessing each potential P loss pathway independently, the PLAT will also help identify specific BMPs thatmay reduce the risk for P loss.
Secure optical storage that uses fully phase encryption (2000)

A secure holographic memory system that uses fully phase encryption is presented. Two-dimensional arrays of data are phase encoded. Each array is then transformed into a stationary white-noise-like pattern by use of a random-phase mask located at the input plane and another at the Fourier plane. This encrypted information is then stored holographically in a photorefractive LiNbO(3):Fe crystal. The original phase-encoded data can be recovered, by use of the two random-phase masks, with a phase-conjugate readout beam. This phase information can then be converted back to intensity information with an interferometer. Recording multiple images by use of angular multiplexing is demonstrated. The influence of a limited system bandwidth on the quality of reconstructed data is evaluated numerically. These computer simulation results show that a fully phase-based encryption system generally performs better than an amplitude-based encryption system when the system bandwidth is limited by a moderate amount.
Structural and magnetic characterization of the intermartensitic phase transition in NiMnSn Heusler alloy ribbons (2013)

Phase transitions and structural and magnetic properties of rapidly solidified Ni50Mn38Sn12 alloy ribbons have been studied. Ribbon samples crystallize as a single-phase, ten-layered modulated (10M) monoclinic martensite with a columnar-grain microstructure and a magnetic transition temperature of 308 K. By decreasing the temperature, martensite undergoes an intermartensitic phase transition around 195 K. Above room temperature, the high temperature martensite transforms into austenite. Below 100 K, magnetization hysteresis loops shift along the negative H-axis direction, confirming the occurrence of an exchange bias effect. On heating, the thermal dependence of the coercive field HC shows a continuous increase, reaching a maximum value of 1017 Oe around 50 K. Above this temperature, HC declines to zero around 195 K. But above this temperature, it increases again up to 20 Oe falling to zero close to 308 K. The coercivity values measured in both temperature intervals suggest a significant difference in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the two martensite phases.
Shock-related effects on aero-optical environment for hemisphere-on-cylinder turrets at transonic speeds (2017)

The aero-optical environment around a hemisphere-on-cylinder turret with both flat and conformal windows was studied experimentally in flight using the Airborne Aero-Optical Laboratory-Transonic for a range of subsonic and transonic Mach numbers between 0.5 and 0.8. Above M=0.6, the local shock appeared near the top of the turret, causing additional aero-optical distortions at side-looking angles. Using time-resolved wavefronts, instantaneous shock locations were extracted and analyzed. The mean shock location was found to be near a viewing angle, α=80 deg for both window types at M=0.7 and 0.8. For M=0.8, the shock has a single frequency peak at St<sub>D</sub>=0.15, the same as for the unsteady separation line, indicating a lock-in mechanism between the shock and the separated wake region. Analysis of aero-optical distortions in the wake indicated that the wake dynamics were beginning to be affected by the shock only at high transonic speed of M=0.8 for the conformal-window turret.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Chiral 2‐(p‐Tolylsulfinyl)‐2‐butenolides. (1986)

Abstract Aus dem Sulfinyl‐phosphonsäureester (I) erhält man nach Metallierung mit den Carbonylverbindungen (II) die Olefine (III), die mit LDA über die Lithium‐Salze (IV) zu den Lactonen (V) carboxyliert und cyclisiert werden.
Resonance Raman intensity analysis of a dicyanovinyl-azaadamantane: Mode-specific reorganization energies for charge-transfer and locally-excited states (1998)

A resonance Raman intensity analysis is performed on the intramolecular charge-transfer molecule 1-aza-adamantane-4-ylidenemalononitrile in acetonitrile solution. We explore the extent to which changes in molecular structure upon charge transfer can be obtained from resonance Raman intensity analysis, and extend the analysis method for charge-transfer excitation to take into account the possible influence of nearby locally excited states. Absolute scattering cross sections are measured at five excitation wavelengths spanning both the charge-transfer band at 324 nm and the lowest locally excited band at 231 nm, and the absorption spectra and resonance Raman intensities are modeled self-consistently to obtain the mode-specific reorganization energies accompanying electronic excitation to both states. Interference effects between the two states are considered but are found to be of minimal importance for this particular charge-transfer molecule. The reorganization parameters in terms of dimensionless normal coordinates are converted to actual bond length and bond angle changes by making use of a previously developed ground-state normal mode analysis and by comparing with electronic structure calculations on models for the donor and acceptor ends to reduce the indeterminacy in the signs of the dimensionless displacements. The geometry changes upon excitation to the LE state are dominated by lengthening of the ethylenic C=C bond, while for CT excitation the distortions are distributed over the donor, acceptor, and adamantane bridge, with a smaller C=C bond length change.
Abstract 104: Protein Kinase GIα Functions in the Cardiac Myocyte as a Tonic Inhibitor of Pathologic Cardiac Hypertrophy In Vivo (2012)

Objectives: We and others previously demonstrated that activation of the NO-cGMP-Protein Kinase G (PKG) pathway inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in vivo. However, it remains untested whether PKG specifically in the cardiac myocyte (CM) mediates these effects. We therefore tested the hypothesis that PKGIα inhibits pathologic cardiac hypertrophy through a specific role in the CM. Methods and Results: We created and characterized mice with CM-restricted excision of PKGIα. Mice were generated in which the PKGI exon 1 (specific for the Iα isoform) was flanked by loxP sites. We crossed these PKGIα fl/fl mice with αMHC-Cre mice which constitutively express Cre recombinase selectively in the CM. The resultant PKGIα fl/fl / αMHC-Cre+/- mice were compared with PKGIα fl/fl / αMHC-Cre-/- littermate controls (termed PKG CMKO and Ctrl, respectively). By age 3 months (n=5 per genotype), male PKG CMKO mice developed atrial and LV hypertrophy compared with Ctrl littermates PKG CMKO atrial weight/tibia length 0.33 ± 0.03 mg/mm vs 0.22 ± .01 in Ctrl, P <0.05; PKG CMKO LV/TL 5.0 ± 0.2 mg/mm vs 4.1 ± 0.4 in Ctrl, P <0.05). LV CM cross sectional area also increased in the 3 month old PKG CMKO mice (9445 ± 282 pixels PKG CMKO vs 8273 ± 213 in Ctrl, n>400 cells/genotype, 5 hearts per genotype; P <0.001). The systolic index end systolic elastance was decreased in 3 month old PKG CMKO mice (PKG CMKO 3.1 ± 0.4 mmHg/μ l vs 6.1 ± 1.0 in Ctrl-; P <0.05). Importantly, blood pressure did not differ between genotypes. By age 6 months, PKG CMKO mice developed early mortality (3 of 4 PKG CMKO males died at 6 months of age vs 0 of 4 Ctrl males). Total heart and atrial weights of male mice (n=3 PKG CMKO , 4 Ctrl) increased in PKG CMKO mice (heart weight/tibia length 10.8 ± 1.7 mg/mm in PKG CMKO vs 7.1 ± 0.6 in Ctrl; P <0.05; atrial weight/tibia length 2.3 ± 1.1 mg/mm in PKG CMKO vs 0.30 ± 0.1 Ctrl, P <0.05). LV fractional shortening percentage, recorded at 6 months age, trended lower in the PKG CMKO mice as well (35 ± 3% PKG CMKO vs 44 ± 4% Ctrl, P 0.09). Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence that PKGIα functions in the CM as a tonic inhibitor of age-dependent pathologic hypertrophy, supporting further study of PKGIα as a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of LV remodeling and congestive heart failure.
An Exact Calculation of the van der Waals Interaction between Two Spheres of Classical Dipolar Fluid (2010)

An exact treatment of the van der Waals interaction between two spherical dielectric bodies possessing purely classical degrees of freedom is presented. The spheres are described by multipole expansions of their fluctuating charge distributions, and the correlation between the fluctuations are taken into account using classical electrostatics and statistical mechanics. The presented approach avoids both the assumption of pairwise additivity of Hamaker theory and the implicit linear response assumption of Lifshitz theory. The resulting equations are solved numerically for D/a ≥ 0.01, where a is the radius of the spheres and D is their minimum separation, for a system with ε = 80, and the results are compared to the analytical Hamaker formula with a Hamaker constant calculated from Lifshitz theory.
goCluster integrates statistical analysis and functional interpretation of microarray expression data (2005)

michael.primig@unibas.ch
Noise Equalization for Ultrafast Plane Wave Microvessel Imaging (2017)

Ultrafast plane wave microvessel imaging significantly improves ultrasound Doppler sensitivity by increasing the number of Doppler ensembles that can be collected within a short period of time. The rich spatiotemporal plane wave data also enable more robust clutter filtering based on singular value decomposition. However, due to the lack of transmit focusing, plane wave microvessel imaging is very susceptible to noise. This paper was designed to: 1) study the relationship between ultrasound system noise (primarily time gain compensation induced) and microvessel blood flow signal and 2) propose an adaptive and computationally cost-effective noise equalization method that is independent of hardware or software imaging settings to improve microvessel image quality.
The metals immobilization and decontamination of aggregate solids (MeIDAS) process (1996)

Toxic trace metals found in various types of fuels and solids may vaporize during the combustion of those fuels and subsequently condense downstream on the fly ash particulate as leachable species. A substantial portion of the more volatile metals such as mercury may remain in the vapor phase and thus may not be captured in the particulate control device. PSI Technologies has developed a process to bind the condensed metals in a non-leachable form thus rendering them safe for disposal in a landfill. The collected fly ash is mixed with various sorbents and compressed into briquettes to provide intimate contact between sorbent and metal. The briquettes are then heat-treated to initiate the reaction forming non-leachable metal species. Vapor-phase mercury can be captured in an additional step by the duct injection of low-cost carbon. This mercury-bearing carbon is separated from the fly ash before the application of the MeIDAS Process, then treated to remove the mercury and reinjected for further mercury capture. This paper will examine the applicability of this process to municipal solid waste incineration, and include a brief discussion of process economics.
The endocrine pancreas in non‐diabetic rats after short‐term and long‐term treatment with the long‐acting GLP‐1 derivative NN2211 (2003)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 receptor agonists increase the beta-cell mass in rodent models of type 2 diabetes and enhance the proliferation rate of beta cells in vitro, while the long-term effect in vivo in non-diabetic animals is unknown. We studied the endocrine pancreas in non-diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats after short- and long-term treatment with NN2211, an acetylated long-acting derivative of GLP-1. Four groups of rats (n=6 for each group) received two daily injections with either NN2211 or vehicle for 1 or 6 weeks. NN2211-treated rats displayed a 10% lower body weight after both 1 week (p<0.001) and 6 weeks (p<0.005) of treatment. The mean beta-cell mass in NN2211-treated rats was increased by 19% after 1 week of treatment (p<0.05), but normalized after 6 weeks of treatment. No difference in alpha-cell mass, volume-weighted mean islet volume, or pancreas mass was found after 1 or 6 weeks of treatment. We conclude that NN2211 treatment of non-diabetic rats induces a sustained lower body weight, and an only temporary increase in the beta-cell mass, while the alpha-cell mass and the volume-weighted mean islet volume are unaffected by the treatment.
Neuropeptide Alterations in the Central Nervous System in Aging (1982)

Considerable attention has been focused on biochemical and behavioral changes that manifest themselves in the basal ganglia of aging rodents. The neurochemical changes include a decline in dopamine levels, reductions in the synthetic enzymes for gamma-amino-butyric acid and for acetylcholine and declines in muscarinic, dopaminergic and noradrener-gic receptors. Some of these changes have also been observed in human basal ganglia, where it is known that there are neuronal losses with age. Neuroreceptor alterations have not been widely studied in the aging human central nervous system. Recent evidence has indicated that certain neuropeptides, including the undecapeptide substance P, may be involved in striato-nigral neurotransmission. In Huntington’s disease, which primarily affects basal ganglia, there is a decrease in striatal muscarinic, serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors which may result from the loss of gamma-aminobutyric acid-, acetylcholine- and neuropeptide-containing striatal neurons in the disease. In aging humans, where there can be signs suggesting basal ganglia dysfunction, or in aging rodents, little attention has been given to central nervous system (CNS) neuropeptides. In Fisher 344 rats (National Institute of Aging colony) 3, 10 or 27 months old, we have observed no age-related change in substance P immunoreactivity in the cortex, limbic system, corpus striatum, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, brain stem or cerebellum. In postmortem human brain tissue, however, there was a marked age-related decline in substance P immunoreactivity (n = 20, slope = -0.58, r = -0.65, p < 0.005) in the putamen but no age relationship in the frontal cortex, thalamus or hypothalamus. No conclusive determination has yet been made in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus or substantia nigra. There were no major age-related changes in levels of somatostatin or neurotensin in the CNS of the rat. There were highly significant age-related declines in neurotensin levels in the pars compacta and reticulata of the human substantia nigra. These results suggest that there may be differences between rodents and humans in the CNS aging process and that region-specific age-related changes in neuropeptides may occur in the human CNS. These alterations in neuropeptides should be considered in the therapeutics of basal ganglia disorders and in age-related changes in drug responsiveness in the human CNS.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereofacial Selectivity of Diels‐Alder Reactions of Carbohydrate‐ Derived Dienes and Their Carbocyclic Analogs. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.