gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple byte-erasure method for improved impulse immunity in DSL (2004)

The data that is transmitted in DSL system is subject to corruption by impulse noise, i.e., noise bursts of high energy that interfere with the transmitted symbols. As DSL data rates increase the crosstalk mitigation techniques become more sophisticated, impulse noise limits service in terms of rate or delay. Because of the highly non-stationary nature of impulse noise, a combination of interleaving and Reed-Solomon coding is currently used to shield systems from noise burst. This paper presents a modified impulse noise protection algorithm that takes advantage of the improved performance of Reed-Solomon codes when the location of the impaired bytes is known. Without changing the structure of the encoder or the interleaver, it is shown that the delay, or equivalently the overhead due to forward error correction coding, can be reduced without compromising the immunity of the system to impulses. A DMT-VDSL system is used as a particular example of the improvement achieved using byte-erasure.
A dynamic programming algorithm for RNA structure prediction including\n pseudoknots (1998)

We describe a dynamic programming algorithm for predicting optimal RNA\nsecondary structure, including pseudoknots. The algorithm has a worst case\ncomplexity of ${\\cal O}(N^6)$ in time and ${\\cal O}(N^4)$ in storage. The\ndescription of the algorithm is complex, which led us to adopt a useful\ngraphical representation (Feynman diagrams) borrowed from quantum field theory.\nWe present an implementation of the algorithm that generates the optimal\nminimum energy structure for a single RNA sequence, using standard RNA folding\nthermodynamic parameters augmented by a few parameters describing the\nthermodynamic stability of pseudoknots. We demonstrate the properties of the\nalgorithm by using it to predict structures for several small pseudoknotted and\nnon-pseudoknotted RNAs. Although the time and memory demands of the algorithm\nare steep, we believe this is the first algorithm to be able to fold optimal\n(minimum energy) pseudoknotted RNAs with the accepted RNA thermodynamic model.\n
Flavonol 3- O-G I y cosy I t ransferases Associated w i t h Petu n ia Pollen Produce Gametophyte-Specific Flavonol Diglycosides' (1995)

Wild-type petunia pollen accumulates high levels of flavonol 3-Oglycosides. Pollen from conditionally male-fertile petunia has no flavonols and is unable to germinate. Pollen function is restored both in vivo and in vitro by providing flavonol aglycones, but not flavonol glycosides, to the pollen. In the present study, incubation of an in vitro suspension of conditionally male-fertile pollen with kaempferol or quercetin resulted in the accumulation of kaempferol and quercetin 3-Oglycosides in the pollen. We identified two glycosyltransferase activities associated with the intact pollen grain that catalyze the formation of a gametophyte-specific class of flavonol glycosides. Feeding studies showed that product formation was highly specific for flavonols with an unsubstituted 3-hydroxyl group and was not dependent on an externa1 source of UDP-hexose. Ultraviolet spectral analysis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, ’H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and ’3C-nuclear magnetic resonance identified the products as kaempferol and quercetin 3-O(2”-D~-D-g~ucopyranosy~)-~-D-ga~actopyranoside, identical with the flavonol 3-Oglycosides present in wild-type pollen. The sugars are linked in a 1-+2 configuration that results in a pollen-specific class of compounds. To retain both glycosyltransferase activities in a cell-free extract, it was necessary to add Triton X-100, suggesting that one or both of the proteins may be associated with a pollen membrane. A model for flavonol glycoside biosynthesis and uptake into the pollen is discussed in terms of the germination requirement for flavonols.
Phytochemical Analysis of<i>Geigeria alata</i>and<i>Francoeuria crispa</i>Essential Oils (1997)

Phytochemical analyses of Geigeria alata (Benth. & Hook.) and Francoeuria crispa (Forssk., Cas.) (Asteraceae) essential oils were performed. G. alata oil showed moderate in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50, micrograms/ml against tumor cells; P388: 2.0, A-549: 2.5 and HT-29: 5.0), and also showed weak anti-HIV activity. S-Carvotanacetone, the major component of F. crispa oil (93.0%), was isolated and its structure was elucidated by 2D-NMR analysis.
Oxytocin on Ovarian Function in Cycling and Hysterectomized Heifers (1965)

Interestrous periods of 8 to 9 days were observed in heifers following 7 daily subcutaneous injections of oxytocin beginning at estrus. Oxytocin treatment in partially hysterectomized heifers and in heifers with the uterus opened in situ was equally effective in reducing the interestrous period. The corpus luteum was maintained and no estrus occurred in heifers given oxytocin for 7 days beginning on day 1 and hysterectomized on day 2. Carbon-marked corpora lutea, obtained after hysterectomy and injections of oxytocin, contained progesterone in concentrations equal to that of the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle, whereas the concentrations of Δ4 pregnen-20 β-ol-3-one (20 β-ol) were twice that found during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Hysterectomized heifers returned to estruswithin a few days after enucleation of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum of this estrous period was maintained until slaughter at 60 days. Uterine distention by plastic and metal cylinders in heifers resulted in an inconsistent reduction of the estrous cycle.
Aspartyl‐phosphate phosphatases deactivate the response regulator components of the sporulation signal transduction system in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1996)

Bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems to sense and respond to their environment. A sensor kinase and a response-regulator transcription factor work in concert by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation through kinase and phosphatase activities to maintain a level of phosphorylated response regulator commensurate with the level of signal input. Signal input can be accommodated through stimulation of the kinase activity or the phosphatase activity of the two-component system. With some notable exceptions, the sensor kinases recognize a single stimulatory ligand. A new dimension in the regulation of two-component signal transduction systems was discovered in the Rap phosphatases which dephosphorylate the SpoOF response-regulator of Bacillus subtilis independent of the sensor kinases. This family of phosphatases is encoded by at least six chromosomal genes. Although not all of the phosphatases of the family have activity on phosphorylated SpoOF, the two best-characterized members, RapA and RapB, prevent sporulation by dephosphorylating this response regulator component of the phosphorelay. Phosphatase activity of RapA is regulated by a gene, phrA, in the same transcriptional unit, that encodes a peptide secreted from the cell which may serve as a quorum sensor. Most of the Rap phosphatase operons have a gene coding for a protein with some similarity to PhrA in their transcription units, but it is uncertain whether all of these play a role in regulation. The Rap phosphatases are postulated to be a mechanism for allowing signals other than those that affect the sensor kinases to regulate the signal transduction pathway. They may have been recruited to help regulate sporulation because the multiple signals regulating this process may outstrip the recognition capacity of the kinases.
Crankshaft Design Optimization to Improve Dynamic Balancing and Fatigue Strength (2015)

This study demonstrates crankshaft counterweight profile optimization to achieve better dynamic balancing. Balancing simulation was carried to predict initial unbalance. During balancing of actual crankshaft, the position of unbalance is sometimes shifted due to machining stock distribution towards non-favorable direction resulting into more number of balancing holes, thus productivity loss. To reduce this, counterweight profile optimized. After balancing, bending fatigue test carried out. Crankshaft exhibited pre-mature failure at unusual location. To determine the reason of failure, stress analysis was performed using FEA. Design enhancement solution proposed to reduce the stresses & subsequently enhance bending fatigue strength.
Remote spectral measurements using entangled photons (2003)

In the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), occasionally the coherent nonlinear interaction in a nonlinear material leads to the annihilation of one high frequency pump photon and the simultaneous creation of two photons (signal and idler) satisfying the phase matching conditions:
Three New Oleanane Saponins from<i>Zanha africana</i> (1997)

Three new saponins, zanhasaponins, A, B, and C, were isolated from the MeOH extract of the root bark of Zanha africana and were, respectively, identified by spectroscopic methods as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23,28- dioic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1); 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-ene- 23,28-dioic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside (2); and 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12-ene- 23,28-dioic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3). These saponins proved to be effective in a model of topical inflammation induced by phorbol ester. The cyclitols quebrachitol, pinitol, and bornesitol were also identified.
XMorph: A shape-polymorphic, domain-specific XML data transformation language (2010)

By imposing a single hierarchy on data, XML makes queries brittle in the sense that a query might fail to produce the desired result if it is executed on the same data organized in a different hierarchy, or if the hierarchy evolves during the lifetime of an application. This paper presents a new transformation language, called XMorph, which supports more flexible querying. XMorph is a shape polymorphic language, that is, a single XMorph query can extract and transform data from differently-shaped hierarchies. The XMorph data shredder distills XML data into a graph of closest relationships, which are exploited by the query evaluation engine to produce a result in the shape specified by an XMorph query.
Guidelines for Carotid Endarterectomy (1995)

Indications for carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic good-risk patients with a surgeon whose surgical morbidity and mortality rate is less than 6% are as follows. (1) Proven: one or more TIAs in the past 6 months and carotid stenosis > or = 70% or mild stroke within 6 months and a carotid stenosis > or = 70%; (2) acceptable but not proven: TIAs within the past 6 months and a stenosis 50% to 69%, progressive stroke and a stenosis > or = 70%, mild or moderate stroke in the past 6 months and a stenosis 50% to 69%, or carotid endarterectomy ipsilateral to TIAs and a stenosis > or = 70% combined with required coronary artery bypass grafting; (3) uncertain: TIAs with a stenosis < 50%, mild stroke and stenosis < 50%, TIAs with a stenosis < 70% combined with coronary artery bypass grafting, or symptomatic, acute carotid thrombosis; (4) proven inappropriate: moderate stroke with stenosis < 50%, not on aspirin; single TIA, < 50% stenosis, not on aspirin; high-risk patient with multiple TIAs, not on aspirin, stenosis < 50%; high-risk patient, mild or moderate stroke, stenosis < 50%, not on aspirin; global ischemic symptoms with stenosis < 50%; acute dissection, asymptomatic on heparin. Indications for carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic good-risk patients performed by a surgeon whose surgical morbidity and mortality rate is less than 3% are as follows. (1) Proven: none. As this statement went to press, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke issued a clinical advisory stating that the Institute has halted the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) because of a clear benefit in favor of surgery for patients with carotid stenosis > or = 60% as measured by diameter reduction. When the ACAS report is published, this indication will be recategorized as proven. (2) acceptable but not proven: stenosis > 75% by linear diameter; (3) uncertain: stenosis > 75% in a high-risk patient/surgeon (surgical morbidity and mortality rate > 3%), combined carotid/coronary operations, or ulcerative lesions without hemodynamically significant stenosis; (4) proven inappropriate: operations with a combined stroke morbidity and mortality > 5%.
The Neuroimmunology of Cancer (2011)

Decreased immune surveillance is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which neoplastic cells are able to thrive. When cancer is located in the nervous system, an immune privileged site, its ability to evade detection, and targeting by immune cells may contribute to its aggressive behavior. Furthermore, high-grade gliomas, the most frequent and lethal primary brain tumors, induce both a local and systemic state of immune suppression that hampers efforts to manipulate the immune system as an effective therapeutic modality. On the other hand, there are rare instances when the immune response elucidated against systemic cancer causes nervous system injury without direct spread of the tumor. Although the neural injury is thought to be mediated by an autoimmune process, in most cases it is uncertain if it is caused by a humoral response, a cellular response, or a combination of both. This chapter reviews concepts related to the unique relationship between the nervous and immune systems, when cancer is present, as well as immune therapeutic modalities employed when the neural structures are affected directly by a primary tumor or indirectly in the case of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. The distinct immunologic characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS) become more unique and complex in the setting of neoplastic disease. In 2008, approximately 1,437,180 new cancer cases, including 21,810 arising from the nervous system, were diagnosed in the USA [1]. Gliomas, the most frequent type of brain tumors, are characterized by the infiltration of normal cerebral tissue, but this rarely results in systemic metastases. The tumor microenvironment shows a meager inflammatory response often accompanied by systemic immune suppression. These alterations might be considered epiphenomena unrelated to tumor pathogenesis, but experimental and clinical observations suggest that the immune system plays an important role in glioma biology. Our current concept of glioma immunobiology lends strong support to the idea of manipulating the immune system as a therapeutic approach for primary brain tumors. Glioma immunotherapy has evolved over the years, unfortunately as yet, without a major success. Nevertheless, extraneural or systemic neoplasms can trigger an immune response that in rare instances have repercussions in the nervous system. These interactions indirectly cause clinical syndromes that are aptly termed paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. In some cases, antibodies have been identified as the element responsible for the phenomenon, but as primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord, the role that the immune system plays in the pathogenesis of these syndromes has not been clearly elucidated.
Dimensioning of a super PON for narrowband and broadband services (2002)

The paper discusses the bandwidth requirements for an ATM based, high splitting, wide range passive optical network (super PON). The bandwidth needs for the provision of broadband and narrowband services are evaluated. The implementation of delay sensitive narrowband services like telephone is discussed.
Boundary effects on the sedimentation and hindered diffusion of charged particles (1996)

Abstract A general formalism is developed to examine the sedimentation of a charged particle in a bounded system at small Peclet numbers and small particle‐surface potentials. The excess viscous force is evaluated using a generalized form of the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, eliminating the need to calculate the detailed fluid flow around the charged particle. Specific calculations are provided for the sedimentation of a charged sphere in a concentric (uncharged) spherical cavity. Boundary interactions increase the magnitude of the excess force at small Debye lengths, with the opposite effect seen at very large Debye lengths. A general solution is presented for the sedimentation velocity for an arbitrary particle in both unbounded and bounded systems in the limit of very thin double layers. The excess force under these conditions is proportional to the square of the Debye length, with the proportionality constant being a function of the detailed system geometry. These results provide important insights into the transport of charged particles in porous membranes and chromatographic materials.
Characteristics Of Microfabricated Ion Selective Electrodes (1989)

The paper discusses the fabrication and the test results of a blood urea nitrogen sensor (BUN) and a chloride sensor. The BUN sensor consists of a potentiometric ammonium ion sensor covered by a polymer membrane that contains the immobilized enzyme urease. The chloride sensor is a liquid membrane type electrode. Both electrodes are batch fabricated. The sensors are part of a multispecies sensor chip. The results of the sensor in aqueous solutions and blood will be given. Good uniformity and reproducibility is obtained. The BUN sensor has a linear range of 1 to 20 mM urea and a coefficient of variation of 3% in normal blood.
A global motion control strategy using dynamic programming (2002)

A computational method to obtain autonomous marine vehicle guidance strategies is proposed. It was developed so that good performances are achieved for cheap computational effort. Strategies are obtained by solving a control optimization problem. The performance index under optimization includes energy consumption, risk of collision and travel time. The main contribution of the article is the stochastic formulation of this problem, which enables the modelling of collision risk in a natural way. By taking into account the knowledge of a given path between the start and finish points, it is possible to establish a precedence relationship between any two points in the vehicle circulation domain. This relationship enables the efficient solution of the problem by using dynamic programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2D nanocrystalline ternary selenides Cu<sub>2</sub>MSe<sub>4</sub> (M = Mo/W) (2019)

A high-temperature metathesis reaction between CuBr and [Ph<sub>4</sub>P]<sub>2</sub>MSe<sub>4</sub> (M = Mo or W) gave rise to nanocrystalline Cu<sub>2</sub>MSe<sub>4</sub> with a phase-pure M = Mo compound that was obtained for the first time. After exploring the formation mechanism, we found that the sub-stoichiometric ratios of CuBr to MSe<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> resulted in the formation of a linear byproduct impurity, [Ph<sub>4</sub>P]CuMSe<sub>4</sub> (M = Mo or W). However, excess CuBr selectively steered the reaction to the desired Cu<sub>2</sub>MSe<sub>4</sub>. As a consequence of the newfound similarity in the reaction conditions for both metals, we have demonstrated the applicability of this method towards a mixed Mo/W quaternary composition.
Technological solution for vulnerable communities: Questioning the sustainability of Appropriate Technology (2015)

Vulnerability eradication has become an emerging concern in today's society following the increasing uncertainties in achieving societal resilience, particularly in vulnerable communities. Furthermore, incorporating technological solution, especially appropriate technology (AT), into such concern requires interdisciplinary understandings to achieve a holistic eradication based on the particularities of each community. This study aims to briefly reveal existing scholarly discourses and investigate potential gap(s) between previous researches. Literatures, particularly consisting meta-analysis on previous scholarly discussions, are surveyed. The findings reveal three progress among scientific discourses. The first one is the paradigm shift of developmental purposes from typical development to empowerment. Next, concerns in technology development indicate the parallel movement toward empowerment. Then, previous methodological developments, including approach in sustaining AT, indicate the needs to assess the future based on sustainability. Therefore, a new research is proposed to develop an assessment framework on AT for vulnerability eradication on the basis of empowerment paradigm, extended focuses in technology development, and extended coverage of future changes in dynamic matter. The framework needs to be developed based on the combination of positivist-deductive-qualitative research paradigms. This is intended to generalize the framework for being used in different cases, to build an applicative framework as an integral part of existing body of knowledge, and to develop an enriched and flexible construction of framework. Looking at existing researches, this brief study proposes insights to move scientific progress toward a more holistic vulnerability eradication using AT solution both in conceptual and practical levels.
Performance of Microcalorimetry for Early Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

We describe a calorimetric assay for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within 5 h. Microbial heat was calculated in culture with and without cefoxitin. Among 30 genetically distinct clinical isolates, 19/20 MRSA (95%) and 10/10 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were correctly identified. Microcalorimetry may be useful for rapid MRSA screening.
Phase Equilibria of Permethrin and Dicofol with Carbon Dioxide (2005)

The solubilities of pesticides (permethrin and dicofol) in CO2 were measured by a static-analytic method at pressures ranging from 10.0 MPa to 25.0 MPa and temperatures of 293.2 K, 303.2 K, and 313.2 K. Due to the nonconventional shape of some solubility isotherms, solid−liquid transitions of pesticides under pressure of CO2 were determined using a modified capillary method. Since the solubilities depend on solvent density, the experimental binary solid−fluid equilibrium data were correlated as a function of solvent density by two different models.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, One‐Pot Stadler—Ziegler Synthesis of Arylsulfides Facilitated by Photoredox Catalysis in Batch and Continuous‐Flow. (2013)

Abstract This novel one‐pot Stadler‐Ziegler process reduces two potential explosion hazards: the need for diazonium salt isolation is eliminated and the formation of diazosulfides is minimized.
Hipotensión controlada en cirugía ocular (1954)

El autor expone, de un modo sistematico, el modo de accion del bromuro de hexametonio y la obtencion con el mismo de la hipotension controlada, estando indicada esta en las operaciones cuya hemorragia dificulte las maniobras del cirujano, deteniendose luego en detalles de tecnica con anestesia general y local. Considera esta ultima como muy util para el oftalmologo practico. Los incidentes son despreciables si se sigue una tecnica correcta y las contraindicaciones limitadas: hipotension y esclerosis vascular.