gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction between W-tagged kininogen-derived peptides and model lipid membranes (2009)

Due to increasing problems with bacterial resistance development, there is a growing need for identifying new types of antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides constitute an interesting group of substances for this purpose, since they are believed to act mainly by disrupting the bacterial membrane, which is a fast and non-specific mechanism. In order to understand the details on this action simplified phospholipid model membranes based on liposomes, monolayers and bilayers, were employed in this thesis. By in situ ellipsometry studies on supported lipid bilayers in combination with leakage from liposomes it was found that peptide-induced membrane rupture to a great extent is related to peptide adsorption. The peptide activity and mechanism of action is highly dependent on peptide properties such as length, topology, charge, and hydrophobicity. Electrostatic interactions are crucial for peptide adsorption, whereas α-helix formation is of less importance, demonstrated by the dominating peptide conformation being random coil both in absence and presence of membranes, as investigated by circular dichroism. Comparable effects were observed in both mono- and bilayer systems, showing that formation of transmembrane structures is no prerequisite for membrane rupture by complement-derived peptides. Electrochemical studies on these peptides further demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions facilitate peptide penetration into the membrane, causing defects in close proximity to the peptides, while strong electrostatic interactions arrest the peptide in the headgroup region. Increasing the peptide hydrophobicity, by e.g., tryptophan end-tagging, also increases salt resistance. Good correlations were found between model membrane investigations and antibacterial activity towards both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, showing that membrane rupture is a key mechanism of action for the peptides investigated. In addition, for all peptides investigated cell toxicity is low.
Expression of the large T protein of polyoma virus promotes the establishment in culture of "normal" rodent fibroblast cell lines. (1983)

Transfer into mouse and rat embryo fibroblasts in primary culture of cloned polyoma virus genes encoding only the large T protein led to the establishment of flat colonies in sparse subcultures at a frequency equal to that of transformation by wild-type virus. Cell lines could be derived from such colonies and maintained in culture for large numbers of generations without entering crisis. They exhibited a normal phenotype, by the criteria of growth on plastic to a low saturation density and of anchorage dependency. However, they required a lower serum concentration for growth than spontaneously established 3T3 cells. Similar results were obtained after transfer of recombinant DNA molecules encoding only the amino-terminal 40% of the large T protein, suggesting that this "immortalization" function corresponds to the activity of an amino-terminal domain of the protein. Immunoprecipitation analysis of T antigens in cell lines established after transfer of the full-size and of the truncated large T genes demonstrated the expression of the full-size large T protein and of a Mr 40,000 antigen expressed from the amino-terminal part of the gene, respectively. After transfer of a "large T only" plasmid that carries a tsa mutation, cell lines were established at 33 degrees C with the same efficiency as with the wild-type large T gene, but their growth was arrested after a shift to 40 degrees C, with a progressive loss in cell viability. This result indicates a continuous requirement for a large T function in the maintenance of "immortality."
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein/β<sub>2</sub>-Glycoprotein I Complexes and Autoantibodies to oxLig-1/β<sub>2</sub>-Glycoprotein I in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2004)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) interacts with beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) via oxLDL-derived specific ligands (oxLig-1) forming complexes. The prevalence and significance of oxLDL/alpha2-GPI complexes and antibodies to oxLig-1/alpha2-GPI were evaluated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The oxLDL/beta2-GPI complex was 69% positive (above mean + 3 SD of control subjects) in 97 consecutive patients with SLE, 62% in 40 patients with SLE with secondary APS, and 60% in 50 control patients with SLE without APS. IgG anti-oxLig-1/beta2-GPI antibody was positive in 31 (32%) of 97 consecutive patients with SLE, in 26 (65%) of 40 patients with SLE with secondary APS, and in 6 (19%) of 32 control patients with SLE. Anti-oxLig-1/beta2-GPI antibodies were 93.7% specific with a positive predictive value of 90.0% for APS, better than anticardiolipin antibodies (80.0% specific, 71.4% predictive value). These results confirm that oxLDL/beta2-GPI complexes are common in SLE and suggest a possible immunogenic role in APS. In contrast, IgG anti-oxLig-1/beta2-GPI antibodies not only are associated with but also are clinically useful risk factors for APS.
Open form of syntaxin-1A is a more potent inhibitor than wild-type syntaxin-1A of Kv2.1 channels (2005)

We have shown that SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) proteins not only participate directly in exocytosis, but also regulate the dominant membrane-repolarizing Kv channels (voltage-gated K+ channels), such as Kv2.1, in pancreatic beta-cells. In a recent report, we demonstrated that WT (wild-type) Syn-1A (syntaxin-1A) inhibits Kv2.1 channel trafficking and gating through binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of Kv2.1. During beta-cell exocytosis, Syn-1A converts from a closed form into an open form which reveals its active H3 domain to bind its SNARE partners SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) and synaptobrevin. In the present study, we compared the effects of the WT Syn-1A and a mutant open form Syn-1A (L165A, E166A) on Kv2.1 channel trafficking and gating. When co-expressed in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney-293 cells), the open form Syn-1A decreased Kv2.1 current density more than (P<0.05) the WT Syn-1A (166+/-35 and 371+/-93 pA/pF respectively; control=911+/-91 pA/pF). Confocal microscopy and biotinylation experiments showed that both the WT and open form Syn-1A inhibited Kv2.1 expression at the plasma membrane to a similar extent, suggesting that the stronger reduction of Kv2.1 current density by the open form compared with the WT Syn-1A is probably due to a stronger direct inhibition of channel activity. Consistently, dialysis of the recombinant open form Syn-1A protein into Kv2.1-expressing HEK-293 cells caused stronger inhibition of Kv2.1 current amplitude (P<0.05) than the WT Syn-1A protein (73+/-2 and 82+/-3% of the control respectively). We found that the H3 but not H(ABC) domain is the putative active domain of Syn-1A, which bound to and inhibited the Kv2.1 channel. When co-expressed in HEK-293 cells, the open-form Syn-1A slowed down Kv2.1 channel activation (tau=12.3+/-0.8 ms) much more than (P<0.05) WT Syn-1A (tau=7.9+/-0.8 ms; control tau=5.5+/-0.6 ms). In addition, only the open form Syn-1A, but not the WT Syn-1A, caused a significant (P<0.05) left-shift in the steady-state inactivation curve (V(1/2)=33.1+/-1.3 and -29.4+/-1.1 mV respectively; control V(1/2)=-24.8+/-2 mV). The present study therefore indicates that the open form of Syn-1A is more potent than the WT Syn-1A in inhibiting the Kv2.1 channel. Such stronger inhibition by the open form of Syn-1A may limit K+ efflux and thus decelerate membrane repolarization during exocytosis, leading to optimization of insulin release.
Flow boiling characteristics of refrigerant mixture R22/R114 in the annulus of enhanced surface tubing (1992)

The paper presents an experimental study of flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant mixture R22/R114 in the annuli of a horizontal enhanced surface tubing evaporator. The test section had an inner tube bore diameter of 17.3 mm, an envelope diameter of 28.6 mm and an outer smooth tube of 32.3 mm internal diameter. The ranges of heat flux and mass velocity covered in the tests were 5–25 kW/m2 and 180–290 kg/m2/s, respectively, at a pressure of 570 kPa. The enhanced surface tubing data shows a significant enhancement of the heat transfer compared with an equivalent smooth tube depending on the mixture components and their concentrations. Correlations are proposed to predict such heat transfer characteristics as the average heat transfer coefficients as well as pressure drops of R22/R114 nonazeotropic refrigerant mixture flow boiling inside enhanced surface tubing. In addition, it was found that the refrigerant mixture's pressure drop is a weak function of the mixture composition.
The Imperial Conference (1927)

The Imperial Conference Get access Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 6, Issue 4, July 1927, Pages 197–213, https://doi.org/10.2307/3015041 Published: 01 July 1927
Effects of methylprednisolone on complement activation and leukocyte counts during cardiopulmonary bypass (1987)

Generation of the complement activation products C3dg and terminal complement complex (TCC) and numerical changes in peripheral granulocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes were assessed in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Fluid from bronchial lavage performed preoperatively and 4 hours postoperatively was analyzed for granulocyte elastase activity and PMN content. Ten of the 20 patients received methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg b.w.) immediately before ECC. No difference was found between them and the control group regarding C3dg and TCC, and both groups showed similar postoperative decrease of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The postoperative PMN count in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the methylprednisolone group than in the controls from 12 hours onwards. In bronchial lavage fluid the postoperative PMN count was unaltered in the methylprednisolone group, but significantly increased in the controls. No granulocyte elastase activity was found before or after surgery in either group. The results indicated that methylprednisolone does not affect complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass, but increases the granulocytes in peripheral blood postoperatively.
PingPong++ (2011)

In this paper, we introduce PingPong++, an augmented ping pong table that applies Do-It-Yourself (DIY) and community contribution principles to the world of physical sports and play. PingPong++ includes an API for creating new visualizations, easily recreateable hardware, an end-user interface for those without programming experience, and a crowd data API for replaying and remixing past games. We discuss a range of contribution domains for PingPong++ and share the design, usage, feedback, and lessons for each domain. We then reflect on our process and outline a design space for community-contributed sports.
Abstract 4342: Multimodal contrast agent development using imprint lithography based techniques: New tools for examining biodistribution (2010)

Abstract Modern medicine stands to benefit greatly from recent advances in polymer science. Many state of the art therapeutics suffer from a poor therapeutic index because of poor biodistribution characteristics. To solve this problem, researchers are turning to new methods for therapeutic delivery. Herein we employ a top-down particle fabrication technique called Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates (PRINT®) to fabricate unique biocompatible particles with distinct therapeutic properties based on their composition, size and shape. The particles are easily tagged with a variety of imaging beacons and radioisotopes making them effective as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging and as radiotherapeutics. We employ this technique to design particles that will target or de-target specific organs and tissues as a function of their size and shape and therefore more effectively deliver their cargo. To our knowledge this work represents the first example of imprint lithography-based multimodal contrast agents and the first in-depth study of biodistribution of nanometer scale shape and size specific particles. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4342.
Frequency scaling of excess hysteresis losses (2005)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Design and Quasi-Static Locomotion Analysis of the Rolling Disk Biped Hybrid Robot (2008)

Motivated by the need for greater speed, efficiency, and adaptability in climbing and walking robots, we have developed a bipedal planar robot that complements its walking and climbing capabilities with rolling. Rolling capabilities are provided by an innovative morphology, without the need for additional resources beyond those required by walking and climbing. Herein, we present the design of this robot, the development of a quasi-static rolling controller, and a comparison of experimentally obtained speed and energy data for walking versus rolling locomotion. We show that rolling can significantly improve energy efficiency over walking-as much as a factor of 5.5. We also demonstrate the ability to roll up slopes and roll over obstacles.
Scientific truth and occult tradition: The medical world of Ebenezer Sibly (1751–1799) (1982)

HISTORIANS of science and medicine have frequently pictured the eighteenth century exclusively in terms of the triumph of Newtonian physics and the mechanical world view.According to this interpretation, the role of the creator was to be severely diminished in the world about us, and, in contrast to the vitalistic philosophies of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, religion was to be divorced from science.However, recent research has pointed to the fact that there was a persistent criticism of those who advocated a purely clockwork universe.Indeed, if we are to understand fully the Romantic science and medicine of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, we must examine in detail the works of those who offered other roads to travel.Because of the more mystical flavour of the works of the Naturphilosophen, it is of particular importance to examine deeply-rooted non- mechanical themes that had persisted from the Renaissance through the eighteenth century, such as alchemy, astrology, and natural magic.Here were to be found religious and mystical concepts that were divorced from the establishment science of the Enlightenment, but which were to be rediscovered by the Romantics.In this context, Ebenezer Sibly is an author of special interest.Here we find a physician who was well read in the scientific and medical literature of his own day.He referred repeatedly, among others, to Priestley, Buffon, and Franklin in the sciences, and to Heberden, Dobson, and van Swieten in medicine.Indeed, Sibly thought of himself as a member of the medical establishment.He proudly displayed his M.D. degree and he referred to himself as a Fellow of the "Royal Society of Physicians of Aberdeen".But Sibly was also convinced that this science was insufficient in itself.For deeper truths one must turn to subjects that were of little interest to the mechanists of the academies in London and Paris.
GLYCEROL: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND INCORPORATION FACTOR ACTIVITY FOR B. MEGATHERIUM (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGLYCEROL: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND INCORPORATION FACTOR ACTIVITY FOR B. MEGATHERIUMFrederick A. Kuehl Jr., Arnold L. Demain, and Edward L. RickesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 8, 2079–2080Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01493a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01493a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Registration of a Dynamic Multimodal Target Image Test Set for the Evaluation of Image Fusion Techniques (2013)

Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking TNO Defence, Security and Safety as follows: The grantee will acquire and register a multimodal dynamic target image test set that can be used to assess the operational effectiveness of static and dynamic image fusion techniques for a range of relevant military tasks. TNO originally developed the TOD (Triangle Orientation Detection) method to predict human target detection and identification performance from static imagery. The TOD method produces a TOD-curve that resembles an MTF or MRTD (commonly used to evaluate thermal sensors). However, the TOD-method is more directly related to the target recognition task, and is better suited at capturing nonlinear effects of the kind that typically occur in image fusion methods, such as sampling and (local) contrast enhancement. In the proposed project grantee collected dynamic nighttime and daytime imagery using sensors with various spectral sensitivities. The sensors were thermal, SWIR, NIR, and visible wavelength cameras that will be mounted on a common base plate. The sensor suite as a whole will be placed in a vehicle, allowing one to register approach sequences to the targets. The targets were military relevant targets such as personnel or, if possible, military vehicles. Included with each target sequence will also be triangles with a range of different sizes, thermal and visual contrasts. This will allow TOD-measurements (characterizing object recognition performance) on the resulting set of multimodal images that can be compared with human task performance using the same imagery. At total of 16 runs were successfully registered, partly in dry and partly in rainy conditions. The imagery collected during this study, together with the GPS data and all other documentary material, was made available to the Air Force Research Laboratory organization at the end of the field trials. Researchers from both the Air Force Research Laboratory and TNO Human Factors will write a joint pa
Recent Developments in the Inverted Metamorphic Multi-Junction (IMM) Solar Cell (2009)

We report on recent advances in the performance and reliability of the GaInP2/GaAs/InGaAs inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) space solar cell. The IMM approach offers advantages in two areas. First, it provides a potential path for surpassing the 30% efficiency ceiling in a high volume, manufacturing environment. Secondly, it also provides options for novel space power panels. The IMM device has very high specific power, i.e. >3,000 W/kg and 440 W/m2 at the bare cell level. While the IMM device can be mounted on a coverglass and used on standard rigid honeycombed panels, it can also be mounted on flexible materials, such as kapton, and used on flexible, roll out type panels. A triple junction IMM device (IMM-3) will reasonably be able to achieve an average efficiency of 33% (1 sun, AM0) for large area cells (26 cm2) in a manufacturing environment. In addition, the IMM architecture will support 4, 5, and 6 junction devices for even higher efficiency levels. We present modeled results for 4, 5, and 6 junction devices, as well as the challenges in demonstrating working devices.
Use of the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test to study the genotoxicity of four trihalomethanes (1995)

Three short-term assays (the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test) were carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity of four trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform). With the SOS chromotest, all the chemicals studied except chloroform were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ37. In the Ames-fluctuation test, only bromoform showed mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. The newt micronucleus assay detected a clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae for bromodichloromethane and bromoform. It appeared that the presence of bromine substituent(s) generally led to significant genotoxic activity. Moreover, the use of the metabolic system significantly increased the genotoxicity of the brominated trihalomethanes in the SOS chromotest. Unlike previous investigations in which the SOS chromotest was always the least interesting assay, this study exhibited the good efficiency of this in vitro test on E.coli for the detection of trihalomethanes with bromine substituents.
Bacterial aggregate size determines phagocytosis efficiency of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (2020)

The ability of bacteria to aggregate and form biofilms impairs phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The aim of this study was to examine if the size of aggregates is critical for successful phagocytosis and how bacterial biofilms evade phagocytosis. We investigated the live interaction between PMNs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Aggregate size significantly affected phagocytosis outcome and larger aggregates were less likely to be phagocytized. Aggregates of S. epidermidis were also less likely to be phagocytized than equally-sized aggregates of the other three species. We found that only aggregates of approx. 5 μm diameter or smaller were consistently phagocytosed. We demonstrate that planktonic and aggregated cells of all four species significantly reduced the viability of PMNs after 4 h of incubation. Our results indicate that larger bacterial aggregates are less likely to be phagocytosed by PMNs and we propose that, if the aggregates become too large, circulating PMNs may not be able to phagocytose them quickly enough, which may lead to chronic infection.
ON THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY OF A PLASMA TORUS AGAINST DISTURBANCES NOT DEPENDENT ON THE AZIMUTH (1961)

Perturbations of a plasma torus which are independent of azimuth are not covered by the general theory. A method for treating these special modes is presented, the uniqueness theorems are proved, and a rapidly converging numerical scheme for computation is given. It is shown that these modes have the same behavior in a torus of infinite aspect ratio as do the corresponding ones in a cylinder; therefore the infinitely thin torus is stable against these modes. (auth)