gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1–180: Retinal changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (2013)

The NIA/AA 2011 guidelines for a diagnosis of Mild cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's dementia use biomarkers of Aβ protein accumulation in the brain and neuronal injury. The use of biomarkers to increase the diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment interventions has prompted a search for additional biomarkers that track cognitive decline in AD. Changes in the retina in AD dementia and Mild cognitive Impairment (MCI) have been noted to reflect changes related to AD pathology. Previous studies that reported retinal changes in AD dementia and MCI had incomplete characterization of the population, lacked MRI volumetric changes and detailed cognitive evaluation to corroborate an MCI related to AD diagnosis. In this study we evaluate if retinal biomarkers relate to degree of cognitive impairment in amnestic MCI likely from AD and differentiate them from normal controls. Amnestic MCI likely from AD was diagnosed after comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological evaluation followed by MRI volumetric study among clinical subjects. Prospective case control analysis of amnestic MCI and normal subjects was undertaken with i n vivo cross-sectional retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular volume and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness measured using non invasive Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cognitive scores along with hippocampal and whole brain volume were additional variables of interest. We provide preliminary results of an ongoing case control study. Lower macular volume and GCL thickness were noted in the amnestic MCI subjects compared to normal controls. The two groups also differed in cognitive scores for memory and executive function. OCT analysis of retinal biomarkers appears to be a promising tool for clinical characterization of MCI likely from AD. Follow up corroboration of the above preliminary results and validation of the specificity of the results in comparison to non AD neurogenerative diseases is awaited.
Longitudinal fluctuation in mammographic percent density differentiates between interval and screen‐detected breast cancer (2016)

Interval breast cancer (IC) has a more aggressive phenotype and higher mortality than screen-detected cancer (SDC). In this case-case study, we investigated whether the size of longitudinal fluctuations in mammographic percent density (PD fluctuation) was associated with the ratio of IC versus SDC among screened women with breast cancer. The primary study population consisted of 1,414 postmenopausal breast cancer cases, and the validation population of 1,241 cases. We calculated PD fluctuation as the quadratic mean of deviations between actual PD and the long-term trend estimated by a mixed effects model. In a logistic regression model we examined the association between PD fluctuation and IC versus SDC including adjustments for PD at last screening, age at diagnosis, BMI and hormone replacement therapy. All statistical tests were two-sided. There were 385 IC and 1,029 SDC in the primary study population, with PD fluctuations of 0.44 and 0.41 respectively (p = 0.0309). After adjustments, PD fluctuation was associated with an increased ratio of IC versus SDC, with an estimated per-standard deviation odds ratio of 1.17 (95% CI = 1.03-1.33), compared to 1.19 (95% CI = 1.04-1.38) in the validation population. In screened women with breast cancer, high fluctuation in mammographic percent density was associated with an increased ratio of IC versus SDC. Whether this is entirely related to a reduced mammographic detectability or to a biological phenotype promoting faster tumor growth remains to be elucidated.
사외이사 초과선임의 결정요인과 기업가치에 관한 연구 (2012)

본 연구는 2002년부터 2010년까지 우리나라 유가증권 상장기업 및 코스닥 상장기업을 대상으로 법정 기준을 초과하여 사외이사를 선임하는 기업들의 공통된 특성을 살펴보고, 사외이사 초과선임비율이 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 사외이사 초과선임의 결정요인으로는 자산규모 2조 원 미만인 유가증권 상장기업이거나 자산이 1천억 원 미만인 코스닥 상장기업인 경우, 이사회의 규모가 크고 연구개발비 지출이 많을수록, 설립기간이 오래되거나, 당기순손실을 기록한 기업일수록, 그리고 30대 기업집단에 소속되어 있을수록 사외이사를 초과선임하는 경향이 있음을 발견하였다. 사외이사 초과선임비율이 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 사외이사 초과선임의 효과가 유가증권 상장기업과 코스닥 상장기업에 다르게 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다. 유가증권 상장기업의 경우 추가적인 사외이사의 선임이 기업가치와 양(+)의 관계를 갖는데 반해 코스닥 상장기업은 사외이사 초과선임비율과 기업가치 사이에 유의한 관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 30대 기업집단 소속기업의 경우 사외이사를 초과선임할 때 비소속기업에 비해 추가적인 기업가치의 증가를 결과하는 것이 확인되었다. 또한, 강건성 검정을 위해 고정효과 패널모형을 이용 분석한 결과에서도 사외이사 초과선임이 기업가치에 유의적인 양의 관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 투자자들이 최소요건보다 강화된 지배구조를 요구한다는 점을 인식하고 기업들은 능동적으로 지배구조의 개선을 위해 노력해야함을 시사하며, 코스닥 상장기업의 경우 현재 자산규모 1천억 미만의 회사에 대해서는 사외이사 선임에 대해 규정하고 있지 않으나, 동 제도에 대해서도 면밀한 검토가 필요하다고 하겠다
Metallurgical aspects of induction-bending thick-walled super duplex pipework (2008)

In this article, the authors' present findings indicate that the induction-bending process can have a severe detrimental effect on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel. After outlining the parametric testing of the pipe that produced reduction in properties, the article presents comparative data from mechanical testing, corrosion analysis, and micrographic analysis before and after induction bending and after post-bend heat treatment. An explanation for the deterioration of properties is provided in terms of metallurgical characteristics; the root cause of deterioration is discussed; a method of restoring the mechanical and corrosion resistant properties is provided; and finally, process improvements are suggested which might, if adopted, prevent the re-occurrence of this phenomenon in the future.
Incorporation of Chelated Cobalt Complexes and Polyoxocations of Aluminum in Montmorillonite (1998)

The thermal stability of montmorillonites, expanded with solutions of Co3(H2NCH2CH2O)6](ClO4)3, can be drastically increased by introducing, together with the Co trimer, [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ ions that upon calcination in air at 500 °C form stable alumina clusters. Several synthetic routes to the preparation of these bipillared interlayered clays (bi-PILC) have been studied. Best results have been obtained by first ion-exchanging the clay charge compensating Na and Ca cations with [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ ions followed by a second ion exchange step to replace some of the Al13 clusters in the intermediate Al−PILC with [Co3(OC2H4NH2)6]3+ ions. Elemental analysis together with powder XRD results indicate that PILC composition and pore height can be manipulated by washing the intermediate Al−PILC in order to hydrolyze the Al oligomers believed to occupy exchange sites on the clay silicate layers. Formation of Keggin ions seems to facilitate the back-exchange reaction with the Co trimer. Pillared materials with a Si/Co molar ratio between 38.4 and 128.0 and d spacing in the 1.40−1.75 nm range stable to 500 °C in air can be obtained in this way.
Colorectal cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

significant impact on the delivery of colorectal cancer (CRC) care, among other surgical services, due to the need
Outcomes Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies in Patients with or without Advanced Care Planning. (2005)

Background: Given the elective nature of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the increased mortality and the potential loss of decision making capacity, patients undergoing HSCT are encouraged to have advanced care planning (ACP). This however could result in undue anxiety for the patient and their families since going through the process of having ACP explicitly raises the possibility of death. We compared the outcomes of patients with or without ACP who received HSCT for hematologic malignancies. Study Design: Patients age ≥19 yrs undergoing first allogeneic or autologous HSCT for a hematological malignancy between 2001 and 2003 were included in this study. Psychosocial assessments, including discussions about ACP, defined as having living will, power of attorney for health care, and life support instructions, conducted prior to transplant, were reviewed. Patients were classified according to presence or absence of ACP at HSCT. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to compare the risk of 100-day mortality between those with and without ACP while controlling for patient-, disease-, and transplant-related variables. Other outcomes evaluated include: days of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Results: Of the 380 eligible patients, psychosocial assessments were available for 343 patients (90%). Of these, 146 either had ACP (n=138, 40%) or completed it (n=8, 2%) during the pre-transplant process, while 197 did not have it but were open to the idea of having it in the future (n=161, 47%) or did not plan to have ACP (n=36, 11%). Older patients (p <0.001), male sex (p <0.01), and patients with lymphoma versus leukemia (p<0.005) were more likely to have ACP. No differences in level of education, role of patient in the family, smoking or alcohol usage, usage of spiritual faith to cope with illness, stage of disease at transplant, type of transplant, and interval from diagnosis to transplant were noted between those with and without ACP. There was no difference in the risk of 100-day mortality (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.36 – 1.81) between patients with or without ACP after adjusting for disease stage and transplant type. Conclusions: The absence of differences in the outcomes of patients with or without ACP suggests that engagement in ACP is not reflective of HSCT risk. Factors other than outcome of HSCT need to be considered while counseling patients regarding ACP. The fact that only 40% of patients engaged in ACP prior to HSCT and 11% were not interested in ACP suggests that other factors determine interest in ACP and that a policy of discussing ACP with all HSCT patients will not result in universal acceptance of ACP. Outcomes following HSCT based on ACP OUTCOME WITHOUT ACP (n = 197) WITH ACP (n = 146) p VALUE Probability of 100-day mortality (95% CI) 8 (4–12) 7 (4–12) 0.79 In-hospital deaths 5 (2%) 3 (2%) 0.94 Median hospital stay in days (range) 13 (8–59) 13 (3–158) 0.7
Characterization of self-assembled InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot mid-infrared photoconductive detectors grown by low-pressure MOCVD (1999)

We report the first self-assembled InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot intersubband infrared photoconductive detectors (QDIPs) grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrate by low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The InGaAs quantum dots were constructed on an InGaP matrix as self assembling in Stranski-Krastanow growth mode in optimum growth conditions. The detector structure was prepared for single layer and multi-stacked quantum dots for active region. Normal incident photoconductive response was observed at a peak wavelength of 5.5 micrometer with a high responsivity of 130 mA/W, and a detectivity of 4.74 X 10<SUP>7</SUP> cm Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W at 77 K for multi-stack QDIP. Low temperature photoresponse of the single quantum dot photodetector was characterized. Peak response was obtained between 16 K and 60 K. The detailed dark current noise measurements were carried on single and multistack quantum dot infrared detectors. High photoconductive gain as 7.6 X 10<SUP>3</SUP> biased at 0.5 V results in increasing the intersubband carrier relaxation time as two order of magnitude compared quantum well infrared photodetectors.
Cyclic Nucleotide Immunohistochemistry (1981)

It has been reported that cyclic nucleotide immunohistochemistry fails to localize all pools of cyclic nucleotides and to detect the changes in cyclic nucleotide concentration when applied to unfixed brain tissue sections. Losses of cyclic nucleotides during antibody incubations have been demonstrated, but it has not been determined whether such losses are due entirely to extraction or if phosphodiesterase activity contributes to the loss. We also found that cyclic nucleotides are extracted during the incubations required by the procedure but report that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) reduces cyclic nucleotide losses.The application of the unlabelled antibody-enzyme technique and the inclusion of IBMX in incubation solutions permitted the detection of cyclic GMP in all layers of rat cerebellar cortex. The administration of ethanol (4g/kg, per os) ubiquitously reduced cyclic GMP staining.
A Simplified Approach for Testing Real-Time Systems Based on Action Refinement. (2007)

We propose a new method for generating digital-clock tests for realtime systems. That is, tests which can observe time with only a finite precision. Our goal from testing is to check the conformance of a given implementation with respect to a given specification (the model). The method is based on the socalled action refinement techniques. The main benefit of the method is to save memory space needed to build and to store tests. One important contribution of this work is a simplified way for both modelling and testing real-time systems. We first write a (high-level) simplified version of the model of the system, as an input-output transition system (IOTS) and then we refine it into a more detailed (low-level) model as a timed input-output transition system (TIOTS). This same mechanism applies to the test generation procedure.
Effect of Alignment Marks Design and Processing Factors on Overlay Accuracy (1989)

A series of alignment experiments was carried out in order to specify and optimize the design parameters for the site-by-site alignment marks used in an advanced single polysilicon bipolar process (ASPECT**). An Ultratech model 900 projection stepper which employs a dark field alignment system was used as the exposure tool. Alignment evaluations were performed for all masking levels of the ASPECT process with special emphasis placed on polysilicon and metal masking levels. The use of optimized targets resulted in a drastic improvement in registration accuracy: alignment statistics collected on a large number of samples with optimized targets for polysilicon to isolation alignment indicated a registration accuracy of +/- 0.27 um (2 sigma), whereas standard targets yielded +/- 0.50 um (2 sigma). For alignments of metal levels the values were +/- 0.40 um and +/- 1.0 um, respectively; thus the use of optimized targets allowed on reflective layers an alignment accuracy equal to or better than the stepper capabilities published by the manufacturer: Ultratech specifies an overlay budget of +/- 0.40 um (2 sigma) for a single stepper. This improvement in overlay accuracy translated into a large decrease in number of reworks and a significant improvement in product yield.
Optimizing the Design of a Device Targeted Towards Facilitating Adequate Neonatal Resuscitation in Low Resource Environments (2013)

Annually, there are 4 million global neonatal deaths, which account for over 38% of deaths in children under the age of five. 1 Most of these deaths occur in developing nations and resource constrained environments. Researchers have identified 16 available interventions, and with 99% coverage, these interventions can prevent 41–72% of all global neonatal deaths. 2
Re: Sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage in Normozoospermic Men is Related to Age and Sperm Progressive Motility (2014)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Feb 2015Re: Sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage in Normozoospermic Men is Related to Age and Sperm Progressive Motility Craig NiederbergerMD Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.048AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage in Normozoospermic Men is Related to Age and Sperm Progressive Motility." The Journal of Urology, 193(2), p. 627 © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 2February 2015Page: 627Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
3D‐printed spherical dipole antenna integrated on small RF node (2015)

New three‐dimensional (3D) printing techniques enable the integration of an antenna directly onto the package of a small wireless sensor node. This volume‐filling approach ensures near‐optimal bandwidth performance of the small antenna, increasing a system's battery life, data rate or range. Simulated results show that the fabricated spherical antenna's bandwidth‐efficiency product is more than half of the fundamental limit and radiation pattern measurements exhibit a dipole pattern with −0.7 dBi gain.
Identification of new thyroid hormone-regulated genes in rat brain neuronal cultures (2002)

As a first approach to study the molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of thyroid hormones on the developing brain, we used a cDNA microarray technology to identify early thyroid hormone-regulated genes in brain neuronal cultures treated with tri-iodothyronine (T3) for 3 h. We identified three genes that were up-regulated by T3, basic transcription element-binding protein, nuclear pore glycoprotein and bone morphogenetic protein-4 and one that was down-regulated, the neuronal apoptosis-inducing gene. We confirmed that these genes were also regulated by the thyroid state in the developing brain. Our findings enrich our knowledge of signaling pathways regulated by thyroid hormones and open new avenues for studying the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormones in the developing brain.
Molecular genetic characterization of SMAD signaling molecules in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2011)

Heterozygous germline mutations of BMPR2 contribute to familial clustering of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). To further explore the genetic basis of PAH in isolated cases, we undertook a candidate gene analysis to identify potentially deleterious variation. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, namely SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, and SMAD9, were screened by direct sequencing for gene defects. Four variants were identified in SMADs 1, 4, and 9 among a cohort of 324 PAH cases, each not detected in a substantial control population. Of three amino acid substitutions identified, two demonstrated reduced signaling activity in vitro. A putative splice site mutation in SMAD4 resulted in moderate transcript loss due to compromised splicing efficiency. These results demonstrate the role of BMPR2 mutation in the pathogenesis of PAH and indicate that variation within the SMAD family represents an infrequent cause of the disease.
The Cytomegalovirus Enhancer: a Pan-Active Control Element in Transgenic Mice (1990)

In an effort to identify widely active positive regulatory elements, we have examined the action of the cytomegalovirus enhancer-promoter in transgenic mice. These elements activated expression in 24 of 28 tissues tested. The greatest expression was observed in the heart, kidney, brain, and testis. Maximum expression further localized to specific cells within the heart and kidney.
Hybrid spatial‐temporal color synthesis and its applications (2005)

Abstract— A novel approach of synthesizing display color by hybrid color processing in both the spatial and temporal domains is introduced. The rational basis for this approach is found in vision science, and more particularly in the spatial and temporal characteristics of the human visual system. Various examples of the new approach, aiming at different display‐performance objectives, are described. Hybrid spatial‐temporal color synthesis can be used to generate a three‐primary RGB display, the analysis of which reveals a higher spatial resolution and a lower fixed‐pattern noise. The concept has also been used to build, based on a conventional LCD panel in combination with an adapted backlight system, a six‐primary LCD TV with a 22% wider color gamut. Finally, the approach is demonstrated in a four‐primary mobile LCD and results in lower cost combined with a higher display luminance and a wider color gamut.
A shared document‐based annotation tool to support learner‐centred collaborative learning (2005)

Abstract A shared document‐based annotation tool was presented, and its usefulness in two different real‐life web‐based university‐level courses (adult learners, n = 27 and adolescent learners, n = 23) was empirically investigated. The study design embodied three data collection phases: (1) a pretest measuring self‐rated motivation, learning strategies, and social ability; (2) log file data analysis showing actual use of the system features; and (3) a posttest in a form of an email survey. For both groups, the results showed that the level of motivation has a positive effect on activity in the system and the final grade. The learners, who reported to have good time‐management strategies, were the most active users of the system. The level of social ability predicted both the number of consecutive comments in the documents and the threads in document‐related newsgroup discussions. Log file data analysis showed that user activity in the system was positively related to the final grade in both samples. Results of the posttest showed that all the respondents agreed when asked: (1) if the system brought added value to the learning process; (2) if the use of the system changed their studying habits favourably; and (3) if they would like to use the system in other courses.
CD39/Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 1 Provides Myocardial Protection During Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2007)

Taken together, these studies reveal E-NTPDase 1 in cardioprotection and suggest apyrase in the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Benzazepin‐4‐one Ring System via Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Phenylnitrones with Activated Allenes. (1989)

Abstract 1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the N,C‐diphenylnitrone (I) with the allenes (II) gives the benzazepinones (III) as the main products, together with the indoles (IV) and the pyrrolidinone (Vb).
Some features of 1D square map statistical moments spectrum (2008)

The some features of statistical moments for one-dimensional square map are discussed. The method for N-cycles finding for discrete maps at presence of additive noise on the base of the statistical moments analysis are proposed.
AAL‐toxin, a potent natural herbicide which disrupts sphingolipid metabolism of plants (1995)

Abstract AAL‐toxin, a product of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., is effective as a herbicide at low concentrations against a range of broadleaf plants (e.g. jimsonweed, prickly sida and black nightshade). However, monocotyledonous crops such as maize and wheat, as well as some varieties of tomato, are tolerant to it. The IC 50 values for cellular electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll loss in duckweed ( Lemna pausicostata L.) after 72 h treatment were 20–40 nM. Similar results were obtained with a susceptible tomato variety. AAL‐toxin caused rapid cellular leakage of electrolytes, followed by cellular collapse; the first symptom at the ultrastructural level is disruption of the plasma membrane. The effects of the toxin are not light‐dependent and appear to be associated with dysfunction of the plasma membrane. Fumonisins and sphingoid bases such as phytosphingosine cause similar effects, although these compounds are less potent (fumonisins, about 10‐fold; sphingoid bases, about 100‐fold). Recent studies suggest that in duckweed and in susceptible tomato varieties, AAL‐toxin‐ and fumonisin B 1 ‐induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early event in the cascade of events leading to phytotoxic injury and cell death.