gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimising Collateral Damage (2013)

Investigators often define invasion of privacy as collateral damage. Inquiries that require gathering data from third parties, such as banks, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or employers are likely to impact the relationship between the data subject and the data controller. In this research a novel privacy-preserving approach to mitigate collateral damage during the acquisition process is presented. This approach is based on existing Private Information Retrieval (PIR) protocols, which cannot be employed in an investigative context. This paper provides analysis of the investigative data acquisition process and proposes three modifications that can enable existing PIR protocols to perform investigative enquiries on large databases, including communication traffic databases maintained by ISPs. IDAP is an efficient Symmetric PIR (SPIR) protocol optimised for the purpose of facilitating public authorities’ enquiries for evidence. It introduces a semi-trusted proxy into the PIR process in order to gain the acceptance of the general public. In addition, the dilution factor is defined as the level of anonymity required in a given investigation. This factor allows investigators to restrict the number of records processed, and therefore, minimise the processing time, while maintaining an appropriate level of privacy.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Cytokine Effects on Gap Junction Communication and Connexin Expression in Human Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells and Suburothelial Myofibroblasts (2011)

Our finding of specific cytokine effects on GJIC support the notion that cytokines play a pivotal role for pathophysiology of OAB and IC. Interestingly, the effects were independent from the classical definition of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines. We conclude, that connexin regulation involves genomic and/or post-translational events, and that GJIC in hBSMC and hsMF depend of Cx43 rather than on Cx45.
Development of a Metallic Biodegradable Stent Based on Microgalvanic Corrosion1 (2014)

Coronary angioplasty is commonly used as a treatment for myocardial infarction. Initial challenges of bare metallic stents (BMS), e.g., early thrombosis and in stent restenosis (ISR) from proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) are treated with anticlotting drugs and drug eluting stents (DES), respectively. But very late stent thrombosis (ST) is another challenge which causes restenosis of the stenotic arteries [1]. Improvement of reduced in stent restenosis (ISR) rate from 20–25% to around 8.6% using DES instead of BMS is hampered by stent fracture (SF) associated with DES [2]. Moreover, BMS shows very late ST (>5 years), whereas improved DES shows late ST (>1 year). In addition, clinically silent DES SF is associated with ISR and ST and pathologic investigation indicates 29% incidence of SF with about additional 5% incidence associated with adverse effect, e.g., inflammation, ulceration, avulsion, etc. [3]. Use of long overlapping stents with severe angulation, balloon overexpansion and vessel tortuosity reveal potential predictors of stent fracture in addition to stent design [4]. This indicates a fatigue process occurring under cyclic loading associated with the heart beats which inevitably will lead to Severe SF for any material and stent design. Long term problems of permanent stents require to improve material strength or biodegradability [5]. Due to lower ultimate tensile strength with polymeric stents, current research is directed to develop degradable metals and alloys for stents. Currently, iron and magnesium based alloys are investigated as degradable stent material [6]. Cold spray, introduced in this work, provides smaller grain size and good mechanical integrity as compared to powder metallurgy technique. Since cold spray coating deposition occurs at much lower temperature than powders melting point, it reduces thermally induced harmful effects commonly observed in conventional thermal spray coatings [7]. In this work, galvanic or bimetallic corrosion is introduced on the coating at the particle level, thus generating micro galvanic corrosion. In order to achieve this, a metal is selected with a nonreactive alloy which maintains a galvanic gap or potential difference in the galvanic table. Selected metals need to be available in powder form and cold spray able.
Experimental Study of Ejectors Driven by a Pulse Detonation Engine (2007)

Experimental studies were performed in order to better understand the operation of ejector augmenters driven by a pulse detonation engine (PDE). This research employed a H2air PDE at 30 Hz operating frequency. Static pressure was measured along the interior surface of the ejector including the inlet and exhaust sections. Thrust augmentation provided by the ejector was calculated by integration of the static pressure measured along the ejector geometry. The calculated thrust augmentation was in good agreement with the augmentation found from direct thrust measurements. Both straight and diverging ejectors were investigated. It can be seen from the diverging ejector pressure distribution that the role of the diverging section is to act as a subsonic diffuser. Ejector axial position was also studied. The ejector pressure data follows the same trend as that of the direct thrust measurements. The optimum axial placement was found to be downstream of the PDE near x/DPDE=+2, while upstream placements tended towards a decreasing thrust augmentation. In order to better explain the observed performance trends, shadowgraph images of the detonation wave and trailing vortex interacting with the ejector inlet were obtained.
Nitric oxide reductase ( <i>norB</i> ) gene sequence analysis reveals discrepancies with nitrite reductase ( <i>nir</i> ) gene phylogeny in cultivated denitrifiers (2006)

Gene sequence analysis of cnorB and qnorB, both encoding nitric oxide reductases, was performed on pure cultures of denitrifiers, for which previously nir genes were analysed. Only 30% of the 227 denitrifying strains rendered a norB amplicon. The cnorB gene was dominant in Alphaproteobacteria, and dominantly coexisted with the nirK gene, coding for the copper-containing nitrite reductase. Both norB genes were equally present in Betaproteobacteria but no linked distributional pattern of nir and norB genes could be observed. The overall cnorB phylogeny was not congruent with the widely accepted organism phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, with strains from different bacterial classes having identical cnorB sequences. Denitrifiers and non-denitrifiers could be distinguished through qnorB gene phylogeny, without further grouping at a higher taxonomic resolution. Comparison of nir and norB phylogeny revealed that genetic linkage of both genes is not widespread among denitrifiers. Thus, independent evolution of the genes for both nitrogen oxide reductases does also occur.
Storage management issues for Cray Research (2002)

The issues facing Cray Research as a supercomputer vendor resulting from the availability of high-speed networks (100 MB/s) connected to high-capacity storage devices (>1 TB) are discussed. Current capabilities in the area of storage management in the UNICOS operating system are reviewed. Operational requirements stemming from the changing environment along with functional extensions to the UNICOS operating system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sublethal effects of malathion on boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fecundity when maintained on cotton squares or artificial diet (2006)

Abstract Mated 3‐day‐old female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reared from field‐infested cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares were topically treated with an estimated LD 50 of malathion (2 μg) to assess its effects on fecundity, oviposition, and body fat condition. Two different food sources, cotton squares and artificial diet, were assessed in malathion‐treated and nontreated (control) weevils. The LD 50 caused ∼50% mortality in the square‐fed malathion treatment, but the artificial diet‐fed malathion‐treated weevils were less susceptible. LD 50 survivors fed on the squares produced ≥ 9 times more chorionated eggs in the ovaries and oviposited ≥ 19‐fold more than survivors fed artificial diet, regardless of the malathion treatment. Boll weevils that survived a 2 μg LD 50 malathion and also fed squares were ∼4.5‐fold leaner than diet‐fed weevils. Our findings demonstrate that non‐resistant boll weevils surviving a sublethal dose of malathion will reproduce without any delay or significant loss in fecundity, and the food source for which boll weevils are maintained when conducting these assays will directly affect the results. The significance of these findings and how they are related to the final stages of eradicating the boll weevil from the US are discussed.
Analysis of SAW correlator based communication systems employing binary encoded orthogonal frequency coding (2014)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) correlators using orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) in communication systems provide high code diversity and enhanced processing gain. The SAW correlator is a single compact device that computes correlation operation in real time without external power and simplifies the transceiver circuits. An OFC SAW correlator with N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> number of chips can have maximum N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> number of completely orthogonal sequences. This paper presents two algorithms which describe the procedure of selection of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> sequences for an N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> -chip OFC SAW correlator. In a SAW correlator based communication system, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> is limited as increase in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> leads to increase in the device length making the device operation impractical. The paper describes a binary encoding technique using Walsh code for OFC correlators to increase the number of usable sequences in SAW correlator based communication systems. Mathematical expressions are formulated to calculate possible number of sequences generated using the proposed encoding technique. Multiuser and MIMO communication systems using Walsh coded OFC SAW correlator are presented. Simulations are carried out to investigate the performance of multiuser communication for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. Performance of MIMO system is investigated in Rayleigh fading channel.
Kernspintomographische Diagnostik von Hirntumoren mit dem Kontrastmittel Gadolinium-DTPA (1984)

This study examines the effect of the NMR contrast medium gadolinium-DTPA on image contrast in cerebral tumours. Sixteen patients with space-occupying cerebral lesions were examined on a 0.35 Tesla superconducting scanner, using a T1-weighted spinecho sequence prior to and after the intravenous application of gadolinium-DTPA. In 8 patients T2-weighted spinecho-sequences were obtained before the administration of contrast. The tomograms were evaluated visually and according to quantitative criteria. The use of gadolinium-DTPA helps to evaluate the blood-brain barrier and improves diagnosis by differentiating tumour tissue from edema and from normal brain tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND SPEKTREN VON HETEROCYCLISCHEN FULVENEN (1973)

Abstract Das aus dem Fluorenyl‐Li (I) und dem Keton (II) erhältliche Carbinol (III) liefert bei der Dehydrierung mit Essigsäure (in Gegenwart weniger Tropfen HCl) bei Raumtemperatur das Fulvalen (IV).
Letter from the Editor (2011)

This is our second issue of Spermatogenesis. I am grateful to the contributors of this issue who have chosen to publish their work in our journal. Manuscripts in the pipeline are increasing since the launch of our journal earlier this year. I am also grateful to my colleagues who served as reviewers, working under tight deadlines to return their comments on time so that this issue would be published on time. Many of us are feeling the ever increasing workload because of administrative and teaching duties plus the challenges of running a laboratory, mentoring students and postdocs, and, perhaps most important of all, dealing with a diminishing laboratory budget. Amidst these difficulties, many members of the Editorial Board have shown their unyielding support of our journal and displayed their unparalleled enthusiasm. For this, I am deeply appreciative.
Thread Tranquilizer (2012)

To realize the performance potential of multicore systems, we must effectively manage the interactions between memory reference behavior and the operating system policies for thread scheduling and migration decisions. We observe that these interactions lead to significant variations in the performance of a given application, from one execution to the next, even when the program input remains unchanged and no other applications are being run on the system. Our experiments with multithreaded programs, including the TATP database application, SPECjbb2005, and a subset of PARSEC and SPEC OMP programs, on a 24-core Dell PowerEdge R905 server running OpenSolaris confirms the above observation. In this work we develop Thread Tranquilizer, an automatic technique for simultaneously reducing performance variation and improving performance by dynamically choosing appropriate memory allocation and process scheduling policies. Thread Tranquilizer uses simple utilities available on modern Operating Systems for monitoring cache misses and thread context-switches and then utilizes the collected information to dynamically select appropriate memory allocation and scheduling policies. In our experiments, Thread Tranquilizer yields up to 98% (average 68%) reduction in performance variation and up to 43% (average 15%) improvement in performance over default policies of OpenSolaris. We also demonstrate that Thread Tranquilizer simultaneously reduces performance variation and improves performance of the programs on Linux. Thread Tranquilizer is easy to use as it does not require any changes to the application source code or the OS kernel.
Can feeding practices during infancy change the risk for celiac disease? (2012)

eliac disease is an immune-mediated disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and manifests as gastro-intestinal and systemic symptoms that are induced by gluten and related prolamines (found in wheat, rye and barley) [1]. In recent years it became apparent that celiac disease is much more common than previ-ously thought, affecting 0.5%–1% of the population [2]. In addition to symptoms that range from minor complaints to severe symptomatic presentation [3], celiac disease carries an increased morbidity burden (iron deficiency anemia, osteopenia, increased prevalence of autoimmune dis-orders, infertility) and increased mortality [4,5]. Since celiac disease requires the life-long elimination of prolamines from the diet, a gluten-free diet is currently the only treatment available for the disease [3]. In addition, the economic burden of celiac disease on society is high; our group recently showed that in certain situations the early identification of celiac disease can be cost-effective [6,7]. However, the best strategy that will decrease the burden of this disorder is to prevent its occurrence. The aim of this review is to provide readers with current evidence on the effects of feeding practices during infancy on the risk of celiac disease developing.
Stabilization of Metal‐Metal Oxide Surfaces Using Electroactive Polymer Films (1989)

Charge coupling of the catalyzed reduction of on platinized poly(3‐methylthiophene) [P(3‐MT)] films to the anodic dissolution of Ti is reported. Specifically, the redox polymer with Pt catalyst is used in these studies to mediate electrons generated by Ti dissolution and consumed by reduction. Due to the large redox polymer capacity (>55 F/cm3) of P(3‐MT), these reactions occur at a stable potential approximately equal to the reversible oxidation potential of the polymer. Data presented support the conclusion that reduction on the polymer film can replenish polymer charge consumed by metal dissolution, thereby stabilizing the potential of Ti within the passive potential range and minimizing the rate of metal dissolution. reduction on P(3‐MT)/Pt is sufficiently fast to poise the potential of Ti at 0.55V vs. SCE for and for metal‐to‐polymer geometrical area ratios . These results suggest possible applications of redox polymers as porous cathodes for metal stabilization.
Efficient air flow control for remote laser beam welding (2018)

Efficient air flow control plays a crucial role for the reliability of remote laser beam welding applications. Local air flows are helpful to suppress unfavorable interactions between laser radiation and welding fumes as a result of absorption and/or scattering effects. On the other hand, local and additional global flows have to be applied for emission control to protect optical components and workpieces from contamination and to avoid harmful air pollution of the atmosphere. However, the appropriate design of complex air flow systems under the additional condition of preferably low overall gas consumption is still a challenging task because a high number of decisive factors and a multitude of possible interactions complicate the pure empirical selection and positioning of suitable flow components and the adjustment of the numerous control parameters. This paper presents the results of a combined and complementary approach of experimental and theoretical investigations to meet these challenges. The experimental work was focused on the aspects of interaction mechanisms between the laser beam and the welding fume. Besides the characterization of process emissions, some of the requirements of stable remote processing with maximum penetration depth are revealed. In contrast, the theoretical work describes a general methodology on how to support the optimization of the cabin air flow by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models in combination with Design-of-Experiment (DoE) approaches.
Effect of nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains on free-living nematodes. 2. Ultrastructural analysis of the intoxication process in Caenorhabditis elegans (1996)

TransrrUssion electron rrUcroscopy is used to describe the intoxication in CaenorhabdiLis elegans, feeding on toxic spore/crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis. The toxin acts directly against the intestine, fLrst by affecting the anteriormost ring of four intestinal cells. Over a period of 12 hours, these cells lose much of their volume, the microvilli regress slowly, several cell organelles undergo dramatic change and are ultimately destroyed. No ruprure of the apical intestinal cell membrane is observed. Non-intestinal tissues seem unaffected. This srudy indicates considerable ultrastrucrural differences in the mode of action bet\veen the nematicidal toxin and the insecticidal crystal toxins from B. thun'ngiensis.
Short‐term administration of uridine increases brain membrane phospholipid precursors in healthy adults: a 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 4T (2010)

This is the first study to report a direct effect of uridine on membrane phospholipid precursors in healthy adults using (31) P-MRS. Sustained administration of uridine appears to increase PME in healthy subjects. Further investigation is required to clarify the effects of uridine in disorders with altered phospholipid metabolism such as bipolar disorder.
Transfer of Polychlorophenol-Degrading Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus (Apajalahti et al. 1986) to the Genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum comb. nov. (1994)

Three independently isolated polychlorophenol-degrading strains of bacteria were characterized on the basis of chemotaxonomic and nutritional characteristics. Previously, these strains were assigned to the species Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus, which was described on the basis of the properties of one of the strains, strain PCP-I(T) (T = type strain) (J. H. A. Apajalahti, P. Kärpänoja, and M. S. Salkinoja-Salonen, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 36:246-251, 1986). However, the results of analyses of mycolic acids suggested that these organisms should be transferred to the genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum. These bacteria have meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose as cell wall constituents, mycolic acids containing 75 to 80 carbon atoms, and a predominant menaquinone with nine isoprenoid units and one hydrogenated double bond. The fatty acids include mainly straight-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a large proportion of 10-methyloctadecanoic acid (tuberculostearic acid). The G+C contents of the DNAs of the three strains range from 67 to 69 mol%.
Multiply Recurrent Cellulitis-Reply (1996)

We appreciate the historical perspective suggested by Leicht; however, we disagree with the conclusions. The studies cited from the early part of this century used "crude sterilized extract of streptococci" to reproduce recurrent erysipelas; this extract very well may have contained streptococcal toxins that led to the clinical effect, as opposed to representing a bacterial "allergy." Certainly, at the time, the current technology to assay for toxins did not exist. The recurrent localization of cellulitis to a lower extremity is not infrequently encountered in clinical practice, and is likely due to local factors such as lymphedema and portals of entry such as tinea pedis, as suggested by Leicht. However, there was no evidence in our young, otherwise healthy patients of local predisposing conditions; the concurrent pharyngeal bacterial infection during episodes only supports a toxin-mediated event. The suggestion that there is "no logical reason" that a systemic agent should "focally and
Role of the C Region in Relative Growth Rates of Endogenous and Exogenous Avian Oncoviruses (1980)

The avian oncoviruses can be divided into two distinct categories: (1) endogenous viruses that are spontaneously expressed or can be induced from normal uninfected chicken cells (for review, see Robinson 1978), and (2) exogenous viruses originally isolated from spontaneously arising chicken neoplasms. Table 1 shows the genetic constitution of RAV-0, a typical nondefective endogenous virus of chickens, and a representative of the three major types of exogenous virus: PRB RSV, a nondefective transforming virus; tdPRB-RSV, a transformation-defective (td) mutant of PRB RSV that is biologically identical to lymphoid leukosis virus (although it may have an additional sequence between env and C); and MC29, a defective acute leukemia virus.