gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonuniform Distribution of Elements in RRP® Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn Wires Doped Using Nb–Ti Rods (2015)

In the restacked rod process (RRP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> ) Nb3Sn wires studied, Ti doping is achieved by replacing some Nb filaments with the standard Nb-47 wt% Ti alloy. We observed that, after full heat treatment, the amount of Ti in Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn does not increase linearly with the nominal doping, suggesting segregation of Ti. We found that, locally, at the doping sites, the Ti content can be as much as an order of magnitude higher than nominal, but this is not always the case: the composition at the doping sites varies dramatically. Furthermore, in the highest nominal doping wire studied, Ti-containing compounds were also observed surrounding the Cu-Sn core. The relative composition trend of Cu and Ti appears to go in opposite directions. Using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), significant spatial variations of Ti concentration were found, and Ti LMV peak broadening was observed at the original doping sites.
Anthracyclinones. Part 2. The use of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-<scp>D</scp>-glucofuranose as a chiral template precursor in an anthracyclinone synthesis (1984)

Reaction of 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentodialdofuranose-(1,4)(7a) with leuco-quinizarin (3) in alkaline solution at 0 °C, followed by aerial oxidation, gave a good yield of (5S)-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-(quinizarin-2-yl)-α-D-xylofuranose (8) which with acid produced (5S)-3-O-benzyl-5-(quinizarin-2-yl)-α(β)-D-xylopyranose (11). Reaction of (11) with periodate, cold alkaline dithionite, aerial oxidation, and acid treatment gave the O-benzyl pentahydroxy anthracyclinone (13). Structures of the compounds were confirmed by u.v., mass, i.r., and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Tuning the Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> Interface by in Situ Variation of the Pt Particle Size (2018)

Pt-CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts play an important role in diesel oxidation and three-way catalysis. In this study, the fast structural dynamics of both platinum and ceria in a 1 wt %Pt/5 wt %CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by flame spray pyrolysis have been systematically investigated under reducing and oxidizing conditions to elucidate the role of the Pt–CeO2 interface for CO oxidation and fast oxygen storage/release of ceria. The catalyst showed enhanced catalytic activity, particularly after application of a reducing/oxidizing conditioning step at 250 °C, with a pronounced dependence on the reducing agent (C3H6 < H2 < CO). In situ time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Ce L3-edge unraveled a dependence of the reduction extent of ceria during temperature-programmed reduction on the noble metal constituent and the applied reducing agent. Dynamic reducing/oxidizing cycling (2% H2 ↔ 10% O2 or 2% CO ↔ 10% O2) at various temperatures (150, 250, and 350 °C) showed that the reducibility of ceria increased at higher temperature and by using a more strongly reducing reaction mixture. This coincides with the trend in catalytic activity. Time-resolved XAS data recorded at the Pt L3-edge and Ce L3-edge during redox cycling revealed a close relationship between the Pt oxidation state and the ceria redox response. The formation of reduced Pt particles was found to induce variations in ceria reducibility under transient conditions and was identified as a decisive prerequisite for ceria reduction at low temperatures. Variations in the extent of ceria reduction during the reducing/oxidizing cycles indicate an evolution of the Pt–ceria interface from an inactive state toward an optimal activated state due to reduction and slight sintering of the noble metal particles. Further growth of Pt particles leads to a decrease in ceria reduction rate due to the smaller Pt–CeO2 interface perimeter. A schematic model illustrating the role of Pt for ceria reducibility is developed and the optimal Pt particle size derived. The results are relevant for various applications, particularly for catalysts operated at low temperature under highly dynamic reaction conditions such as exhaust gas catalysts.
Emulsification technique affects oxidative stability of fish oil-in-water emulsions (2012)

In oil-in-water emulsions, lipid oxidation is expected to be initiated at the oil-water interface. The properties of the emulsifier used, and the structure at the interface is therefore expected to be of great importance for lipid oxidation in emulsions. Previous studies have shown that e.g. homogenization pressure can affect how proteins locate themselves at the interface of an emulsion. The hypothesis is therefore that emulsions produced with different emulsification equipments differ in their oxidative stability due to differences in the behaviour of the proteins at the interface. The aim of this study was to compare lipid oxidation in 10% fish oil-in-water emulsions prepared by two different kinds of high pressure homogenizers i.e. a microfluidizer and a two valve high pressure homogenizer. Emulsions were made with equal droplet sizes, and with either 1% sodium caseinate or 1% whey protein isolate. Emulsions were characterised and investigated by microscopy. Lipid oxidation was assessed by PV and the formation of secondary volatile oxidation products. Results showed that the different emulsification techniques had an influence on lipid oxidation and that the effect of the emulsification technique depended on the type of protein used as an emulsifier.
Mass Transfer of Alkanes in Zeolite Packed-Bed Reactors Studied with Positron Emission Profiling (PEP). 1. Experiments (1998)

Positron emission profiling (PEP) has been used to obtain in situ images of the pulses of 11C-labeled alkanes passing through packed beds of acidic zeolites at temperatures typical of the hydroisomerization reaction. Used in this manner, PEP represents an in situ version of tracer pulse chromatography. The two-dimensional activity−position−time profiles measured were fit to an analytical solution. The method of moments was then applied to the subsequent fitted profiles to extract information regarding adsorption and diffusion of the hydrocarbons. Data concerning the mass transfer of alkanes are necessary to perform further modeling of profiles obtained during the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes on Pt/acidic zeolites.
Some Archaic Gold Ornaments with representations of Sphinxes and Sirens (1911)

1. In a recent description of an archaic Etruscan fibula here reproduced in natural size (Fig. 1), I regret that I failed to note certain interesting details with regard to the Sphinxes. The fibula is of pale gold, of a type peculiar to early Etruscan jewellery. It consists of two parts, each composed of four tubes ending in double female heads. In one case the outer tubes are furnished with long gold pins which fit into the hollow tubes corresponding to them in the other half of the fibula. There can be no doubt that these safety-pins were used for fastening a garment on the shoulder. The two halves were locked together by means of hooks and eyes soldered to rectangular plates hinged to the main body of the fibula. The tubes were also connected together by similar plates. The present fibula, which may be dated to the seventh century B.C., is said to have been found in the Roman Campagna. Upon the four rectangular plates already mentioned are seated sixteen Sphinxes in the round, four upon each plate. The eight Sphinxes on the outer plates are composed of the figure of a seated lion, with the head of a woman substituted for a wing.
The attack of ozone on stretched rubber vulcanizates. I. The rate of cut growth (1960)

Experimental measurements are described of the propagation of a cut through a stretched rubber sheet under the action of an atmosphere containing ozone. It is shown that a well-defined rate of cut growth may be determined which is characteristic of growth through the bulk and substantially independent of the applied tensile stress when this exceeds a critical value necessary for growth to occur at all. The effect of the polymer employed, the vulcanization system used, the degree of crosslinking, and the presence of fillers and plasticizers on the characteristic rate of cut growth is examined. The effects of temperature in the range 2−80°C., and ozone concentration in the range 0.2–2.5 mg. of ozone/I. are also studied. It is concluded that the rate at which a cut advances in highly reactive polymers is principally determined by the rate of incidence of ozone molecules and, for relatively viscous polymers, by the restricted mobility of polymer chains. The degree of crosslinking and the vulcanization system adopted appear to be of secondary importance, while the presence of fillers has a negligible effect.
Impact of Multi-Interface Surfactant Adsorption on Wettability in Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Systems (2009)

The wettability, and hence the distribution and transport, of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) wastes in the subsurface is strongly affected by surfactants that are present in the wastes. To understand their impact, this work examined the dependence of the contact angle of quartz/tetrachloroethylene (PCE)/water systems containing the anionic surfactant Aerosol OT (AOT) or/and the nonionic surfactant hexaoxyethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E6) on the surfactants' adsorption at both the PCE/water and silica/water interfaces. Results showed that C12E6 enhanced oil wetness at low pH. However, the system reverted to water-wet upon the addition of AOT, which by itself, did not alter the wettability of the system. To mechanistically explain such behavior, it was proposed that, based on measurements of adsorption onto quartz and calculations of surface excess using an equation-of-state approach, the increased oil-wetness in systems containing C12E6 is due to the entropy-driven attraction between the oxyethylene groups of the adsorbed C12E6 at both the PCE/water and water/silica interfaces. Addition of AOT reduced the adsorbed C12E6 at both interfaces, lowering the attraction between PCE and silica. Thus, a consideration of surfactant adsorption at both interfaces, and the subsequent interaction between the molecules sorbed at both interfaces, is critical to explaining the wettability behavior of waste DNAPLs.
Compartment syndrome in open tibial fractures. (1986)

A retrospective review of the cases of 180 patients who had 198 acute open fractures of the tibial shaft and were admitted to a multiple-trauma referral center over a three-year period revealed an incidence of accompanying compartment syndrome of 9.1 per cent (eighteen fractures in sixteen patients). Each of the eighteen compartment syndromes was documented by measurements of intracompartmental pressure that were obtained by the saline-injection technique, and all were treated by four-compartment fasciotomy. The incidence of compartment syndrome was found to be directly proportional to the degree of injury to soft tissue and bone; this complication occurred most often in association with a comminuted, grade-III open injury to a pedestrian. The physician must maintain a high index of suspicion to detect a compartment syndrome in the patient who has multiple trauma, as its clinical signs and symptoms may be masked by a closed injury of the head or the need for ventilatory support or prolonged anesthesia for other surgical procedures.
Genetic context determines susceptibility to intraocular pressure elevation in a mouse pigmentary glaucoma (2006)

As demonstrated here, the Gpnmb and Tyrp1 iris phenotypes are both individually dependent on tyrosinase function. These results support involvement of abnormal melanosomal events in the diseases caused by each gene. In the context of the inbred D2 mouse strain, the glaucoma phenotype is clearly influenced by more genes than just Gpnmb and Tyrp1. Despite the outward similarity of pigment-dispersing iris disease between D2 and the B6 double-congenic mice, the congenic mice are much less susceptible to developing high IOP and glaucoma. These new congenic strains provide a valuable new resource for further studying the genetic and mechanistic complexity of this form of glaucoma.
Ferroelectric Domain Structure of Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>Crystal Grown by Floating Zone Method (2009)

The ferroelectric domain structures of orthorhombic Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) crystals grown by the floating zone method are characterized. Three types of laminar domain of 30–80, 10–15, and 5–10 µm in width were found in the crystal cut perpendicular to the growth direction. The thinnest laminar domains were observed between two different 90° domains. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the NbO6 units of the NKN perovskite-type structure in the thinnest domains were distorted compared with these in the neighboring laminar 90° domains. When an external electric field was applied vertically to the domain walls, the thinnest domain could release strain caused by the external electric field, and the strain was dispersed in several directions within the thinnest domains. The polarization response per cross section was enhanced by distorted NbO6 units in the case that the domain structures included the thinnest domains between wide laminar 90° domains.
Potency of Bupivacaine Stereoisomers Tested  In Vitro and  In Vivo (2000)

Although the in vitro actions of bupivacaine showed stereoselectivity ratios of 1.3-3:1 (R:S), in vivo nerve block at clinically used concentrations showed much smaller ratios for peak effect and no significant enantioselectivity for duration. A primary role for the blockade of resting rather than open or inactivated Na+ channels may explain the modest stereoselectivity in vivo, although stereoselective factors controlling local disposition cannot be ruled out. Levo-(S-)bupivacaine is effectively equipotent to R- or racemic bupivacaine in vivo for rat sciatic nerve block.
Effect of Bee Venom Therapy on Isometric Knee Strength in People With Multiple Sclerosis (1996)

University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Mich. Supported by a Faculty Development Grant from the University of Michigan-Flint.
Amidinyl Radicals: New and Useful Intermediates for the Synthesis of Imidazolines and Imidazoles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hidden hearing loss and computational models of the auditory pathway: Predicting speech intelligibility decline (2016)

Recent animal studies have shown that noise exposures cause a permanent loss of low spontaneous rate auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) and reduction of auditory brainstem response wave-I amplitudes (Kujawa and Liberman, 2009). This phenomenon is thought to create difficulties understanding speech in noise in humans, although there is currently no established clinical technique to measure cochlear synaptopathy. The goal of this research is to utilize computational models of the auditory periphery and auditory cortex to study the effect of low spontaneous rate ANF loss on the cortical representation of speech intelligibility in noise. The auditory-periphery model of Zilany et al. (2009, 2014) is used to make predictions of auditory nerve responses to speech stimuli in noise. The resulting cochlear neurogram, a spectrogram-like output based on ANF outputs, is then used as a foundation for two different but related cortical representations of speech: the Spectro-Temporal Modulation Index (STMI; Elihali et al., 2003) and 2D Fourier Analysis (Wang and Quatieri., 2012). Reducing the number of low spontaneous rate ANFs in the cochlear neurogram was found to cause a blurring of speaker-specific cortical components, increasing the difficulty of speaker separation in the time-frequency modulation domain. Suprathreshold deficits in speech intelligibility, as simulated by auditory pathway models, may be predicting the effect of ANF loss or degradation on listening performance, and could potentially be used as part of a diagnostic tool.
Rodent Sleep Assessment with a Trainable Video-based Approach (2019)

Assessment of sleep can reveal healthy physiology and behaviour, which are essential to study diseases and treatment. The primary approaches to quantify sleep in animal models are using invasive methods that require implantation of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. Those methods are resource-intensive and less than ideal for high-throughput screening. Several studies proposed using video processing to monitor sleep. Those approaches require high quality videos and an optimal threshold value which can be sensitive to different experiment settings. In this paper, we present a trainable video-based approach that can alleviate those limitations. We have come up with a set of effective features at frame-level which are then put into a recurrent neural network to capture long-term temporal features. The result obtained is highly correlated with EEG/EMG-defined sleep.
Tellurite Glasses for Broadband Amplifiers and Integrated Optics (2002)

The present investigation discusses the advantage of using RE‐ion‐doped (Nd 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Er 3+ ) TeO 2 glasses for developing fiber and planar broadband amplifiers and lasers. The spectroscopy of RE‐ion‐doped fibers and glasses is discussed along with the thermal properties of glass hosts. The results of emission from the 3 H 4 level in single‐mode Tm 3+ ‐doped tellurite fiber show that the emission band overlaps with Er 3+ emission from the 4 I 13/2 level and Nd 3+ emission from the 4 F 3/2 level in silicate and tellurite glasses, thereby enabling the development of amplifiers and lasers between 1350 and 1650 nm. Recent results using Z‐scan measurements of nonlinear refractive index and absorption demonstrate that the third‐order nonlinearity in undoped TeO 2 glasses is of the order of 2 × 10 −15 to 3 × 10 −15 cm 2 ·W −1 between 1300 and 1550 nm. These results are briefly discussed in view of an amplifier operation combined with ultrafast all‐optical switching.
MEMS-based high-speed low-power vector display (2006)

We demonstrate a MEMS-based vector display system utilizing gimbal-less two-axis micromirror scanners for high-speed laser beam-steering. The system is capable of displaying freehand sketches, parametric curves, text, as well as multiframe animations at arbitrary refresh rates. The scanners can be operated in point-to-point vector scanning or resonant and rastering modes. Due to ultra-low power consumption of the MEMS devices, the system is highly portable, miniature and powered and controlled via a PC USB interface
Peripheral Vascular Effects of a New Dopamine Analog (1981)

It has been reported that the cyclic dopamine analog 5,6-dihydroxy-2-methylaminotetralin (M-8) in an adrenergic agonist in the dog. In this study, the effects of M-8 on hindlimb vascular responses was determined in the dog. In group I (n = 10), hindlimb vascular responses to ipsilateral femoral artery injections of M-8 before and after adrenergic blockade were determined. Mean femoral artery and peripheral venous pressures and heart rate responses to intra-arterial injections of M-8 were recorded. Mean femoral artery flows were measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. Low doses of M-8 (0.0001-01 micrograms/kg) elicited transient dilatory responses, while higher doses (1-10 micrograms/kg) produced a biphasic response consisting of a dilation followed by constriction. The dilatory responses were attenuated following pretreatment with propranolol and were augmented by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. The constrictor responses were attenuated by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. The constrictor responses were attenuated by pretreatment with pehnoxybenzamine and augmented by pretreatment with propranolol. These responses were not reflex-mediated, since the hemodynamic parameters in the contralateral limb were not altered during the depressor or pressor phases. In group II (n = 5), the effects of intra-arterially infused M-8 (0.01 micrograms/kg/min) on plethysmographically determined hindlimb venous capacitance were determined. Intra-arterial infusion increased venous capacitance through beta-adrenergic mechanisms without altering mean arterial pressure and heart rate or contralateral limb mean femoral artery flows. M-8 is a potent peripherally acting adrenergic agent.
WLC47-5: Modeling Wireless TCP Connection Arrival Process (2006)

Ensuring quality of service (QoS) for high bandwidth applications over wireless networks is a challenging research problem. Accurate modeling of the wireless TCP connection arrival process aids in designing QoS algorithms. In this paper we perform an extensive statistical analysis of collected wireless TCP connection arrival process. Unlike wired TCP connection arrivals which are readily modeled as a heavy-tailed Weibull renewal process, we show that more sophisticated models are needed for wireless. Our proposed model, a multinomial canonical cascade with 3 stages, is able to capture the long- range dependent and multifractal characteristics of wireless TCP connection interarrival times. In addition, the model gives good approximation to the packet loss rate of measured wireless traffic trace.
Erratum: Suspension survival mediated by PP2A-STAT3-Col XVII determines tumour initiation and metastasis in cancer stem cells (2016)

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 11798 (2016); Published 16 Jun 2016; Updated 22 Dec 2016 This Article contains errors in Figs 4,6 and 7 that were introduced during the production process. In Fig. 4j, the lane labels on the blot should read in order ‘Input- No Ab-IgG-Flag’. In Fig. 6i, the xaxis label ‘WT PP2A’ of the two graphs should read ‘DN PP2A’.
Remote Measurement of Temperature in the Presence of a Strong Magnetic Field (2007)

Pulse power systems generate heat in the presence of a large time varying magnetic field. In order to quantify the local heat generation, these systems need temperature sensing equipment. The magnetic field can induce signals in temperature sensors with electrical connections such as thermocouples and thermistors. Also, the power systems are often at a high electric potential when energized requiring robust electrical isolation schemes to prevent the system from discharging through the sensing equipment. As such, a sensing system has been developed that can remotely capture information to determine the temperature of a surface. This sensor is based on an interferometer using a thin sapphire die coated with nickel oxide as the sensing element. A model was developed to predict the behavior of the sensor in order to determine the ideal layer thickness. With this system temperature measurement has been demonstrated at a sampling rate of 30 Hz over a range of 20degC to 300degC with 20% precision. Because the technique explored in this research does not require physical connections to the sensor, the dilemma of the magnetic field and electrical isolation are bypassed.
Modulation of the truncated GAD25 by estrogen in the olfactory bulb of adult rats (2000)

The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of gonadal steroids on the expression of different GAD isoforms. Here we show that, in addition to the adult GAD forms, the two embryonic splice variants of GAD67 mRNA and the truncated GAD25 are present in the adult rat olfactory bulb, a brain region with high synaptic plasticity, which has preserved some features of the developing brain. By Western blot analysis, we could demonstrate that the expression of the embryonic GAD25 is cyclic in females: its quantity is higher on estrus day. Furthermore, in ovariectomized animals 17-beta-estradiol treatment induced an increase of GAD25 within 3 h, reaching a maximum at 9-12 h. Our data are compatible with the interpretation that the embryonic GAD isoforms may play a role in the neuroplastic changes induced by sexual steroids.
Open Access In Chemistry (2018)

Four Carnegie Mellon professors cover the latest open access news and lead discussion about the future of open access in chemistry