gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterisation and coordinating properties of the small ring S2Te-donor macrocycles [9]aneS2Te, [11]aneS2Te and [12]aneS2Te (2003)

The reaction of Na2Te with various α,ω-dichlorodithioether reagents in thf–NH3(l) at ca. −78 °C produces moderate yields of the [1+1] cyclisation products, [9]aneS2Te (1,4-dithia-7-telluracyclononane), [11]aneS2Te (1,4-dithia-8-telluracycloundecane) and [12]aneS2Te (1,5-dithia-9-telluracyclododecane), together with polymer. These new small ring macrocycles may be purified by flash column chromatography on silica (11-and 12-membered rings) or by recrystallisation from MeOH–thf (9-membered ring), affording yellow waxy solids. The products have been characterised by NMR (1H, 13C{1H} and 125Te{1H}) and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and the crystal structures of [11]aneS2Te and [12]aneS2Te have been obtained. The more stable organo-Te(IV) derivatives [n]aneS2TeI2 (n = 11 or 12) and [n]aneS2TeMeI (n = 9, 11 or 12) are obtained in high yield as powdered solids by reaction with I2 or MeI and these have been characterised similarly. A crystal structure of [12]aneS2TeI2 has also been determined and is compared with the parent macrocycle. The synthesis of [9]aneS2Te is more sensitive to the precise reaction conditions than the others, and is accompanied by the formation of the ring-contraction products 1-thia-4-telluracyclohexane and 1,4-dithiane. These too have been characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The former has been unambiguously identified by X-ray crystallography and its Te(IV) methiodide derivative has been prepared for comparison. The ligating properties of the new dithiatellura-macrocycles have been investigated with a variety of transition metal species giving fac-[Mn(CO)3(L)]CF3SO3, cis-[MCl2(L)] (M = Pd or Pt), [Rh(Cp*)(L)](PF6)2, [Cu(L)]BF4 and [Ag(L)]CF3SO3. Where possible, the mode of coordination has been established by spectroscopic methods, ring-size effects established and the data compared with other complexes incorporating related cyclic and acyclic ligands.
Deformation strengthening of grain-boundary sliding in a Pb-62wt% Sn alloy (1993)

Abstract Direct observation in a scanning electron microscope of the evolution of the grain-boundary sliding (GBS) process in a Pb-62wt%Sn eutectic alloy during superplastic deformation in shear is reported. The distribution of GBS along the shear surface is found to be inhomogeneous and there is evidence of coupling of the processes of GBS and grain-boundary migration. The rate of GBS increases at small stages of strain (up to about 0·8) and decreases thereafter, indicating that the GBS process is eventually accompanied by strain hardening. The observations are compatible with the dislocation model for GBS.
Consideration On Automation of 5G Network Slicing with Machine Learning (2018)

Machine learning has the capability to provide simpler solutions to complex problems by analyzing a huge volume of data in a short time, learning for adapting its functionality to dynamically changing environments, and predicting near future events with reasonably good accuracy. The 5G communication networks are getting complex due to emergence of unprecedentedly huge number of new connected devices and new types of services. Moreover, the requirements of creating virtual network slices suitable to provide optimal services for diverse users and applications are posing challenges to the efficient management of network resources, processing information about a huge volume of traffic, staying robust against all potential security threats, and adaptively adjustment of network functionality for time-varying workload. In this paper, we introduce about the envisioned 5G network slicing and elaborate the necessity of automation of network functions for the design, construction, deployment, operation, control and management of network slices. We then revisit the machine learning techniques that can be applied for the automation of network functions. We also discuss the status of artificial intelligence and machine learning related activities being progressed in standards development organizations and industrial forums.
Polarization dilution in a Ga‐polar UV‐LED to reduce the influence of polarization charges (2015)

We investigated the influence of polarization charges in nitride‐based semiconductors. The influence due to polarization charges was calculated excluding the influences of the band offset. We found that the polarization charges (1 × 10 13 cm −2 ) resulted in an energy spike of more than 100 meV at the location of the charges, which is a similar value to the band offset. We then proposed the concept of polarization dilution to suppress the energy spike for better hole transport by using a graded Mg‐doped AlGaN layer in UV‐LEDs. Device simulation results indicate lower operating voltage and higher injection efficiency by using the polarization dilution. So far, our actual 350 nm LED with the polarization dilution showed lower operating voltage. These results suggested such polarization‐charge management is important in the design of the nitride semiconductors.
Adaptations in myosin heavy chain profile in chronically unloaded muscles. (1995)

In this review, myosin heavy chain (MHC) adaptations in response to several models of decreased neuromuscular activity (i.e. electrical activation and loading of a muscle) are evaluated. In each of these "reduced-activity" models it is important to: a) quantify the changes in electrical activation of the muscle as a result of the intervention; b) quantify the forces generated by the muscle; and c) determine whether the neuromuscular junction remains normal. Most of the models, including spaceflight, hindlimb suspension, spinal cord isolation, spinal cord transection, denervation, and limb immobilization in a shortened position, result in increases in the percentage of fast MHCs (or fast MHC mRNA) in normally slow rat muscles. It also can be inferred from histochemical data that increases in fast MHCs occur with TTX application and bed rest. The only "reduced-activity" model to consistently increase slow muscle myosin mRNA, and slow fibers is limb immobilization in a stretched position; however, this model results in at least a temporary increase in tension. It appears that the most common feature of these models that might induce MHC adaptations is the modification in loading rather than a change in the neuromuscular activity.
Boundary Effects in Viscous Rotating Plasmas (1963)

The problem of current continuity and viscous drag at the boundaries in rotating-plasma experiments is discussed. We particularly emphasize a hypothetical model having a steady state with axial symmetry; it is shown that the discharge impedance derived from this model does not agree with many observations. The ``Homopolar III'' experiment is described in which the flux surfaces were strongly convex and parallel to the toroidal-shaped electrodes. In this way, friction at the insulators was reduced. But the structure of the discharge deviated drastically from axial symmetry near the outer surface. Several studies led to the conclusion that the flow pattern probably involved secondary flows. It was also found that the rotational speed could not be raised above a few cm/μsec because the insulators failed in spite of the special design of the experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF SOME TETRA‐μ‐CARBOXYLATO‐DIRHODIUM(II) ADDUCT FORMATION REACTIONS (1977)

Abstract Thermodynamische und kinetische Parameter werden für die Bildung von 1:1‐Addukten zwischen Tetrakis‐[p‐acetato, ‐propionato und ‐methoxyacetato]‐dirhodium(II)‐dihydraten und 5′‐AMP, Histidin, Imidazol und Pyridin ermittelt und diskutiert.
Short-term Outcome and Long-term Follow-up of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Aged 40 Years or Younger. (1995)

Forty five patients aged 40 years or younger were treated with coronary intervention in our institution between 1983 and 1994. This young Japanese population had a strong predisposition to risk factors but did not have extensive disease. These patients underwent 50 elective interventional procedures for angina pectoris or old myocardial infarction and 6 direct balloon angioplasty procedures for acute myocardial infarction. The initial successful result was obtained in 41 of the 45 patients (91%). The mean follow-up was 43 +/- 35 months. Angiographic follow-up was available in 31 of the 41 eligible patients (76%). Angiographic restenosis was seen in 9 of these 31 patients (29%), and in 12 of the 38 lesions (32%) with initial successful intervention. There were no deaths among the successfully treated patients. Event-free survival rate without death, myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass surgery was 94%; however, event-free survival rate without death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, or repeat intervention was 66% at 43 months. Ninety three percent of the eligible patients were free from angina at follow-up. These short- and long-term results suggest that young Japanese patients can be treated safely and effectively with coronary interventions.
Olefin Cyclopropanation by a Sequential Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition and Dechlorination in the Presence of a Ruthenium Catalyst (2009)

Ganz ohne Diazo: Die reduktive Kupplung von Olefinen mit Dichlorverbindungen in Gegenwart von Magnesium und einem Rutheniumkatalysator liefert in guter Ausbeute Cyclopropane (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSOAMINOPURINE UND NUCLEOSIDE, SYNTHESE UND BIOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAET (1973)

Abstract Aufgrund der Wachstums‐inhibierenden Aktivität der Nitrosoverbindung (I) i werden verschiedene funktionelle Purine, z.B. mit Halogen‐, Methylmercaptooder Methylsulfonyl‐Gruppen, mit Methylhydrazin umgesetzt und diese dann der Nitrosierung unterworfen.
A Parametric Study of Electron Extraction from a Low Frequency Inductively Coupled RF-Plasma Source (2009)

The electron extraction from a low-frequency (2 MHz) inductively-coupled rf-plasma cathode is characterized in the presence of the gas flow. The extracting electrode is movable and biased with respect to the rf-cathode. The variable parameters include extracting voltage, inter-electrode distance between the extracting electrode and rf-plasma source, rf-power and xenon gas flow. The results demonstrate that the electron supply from the rf-cathode can be controlled in a broad range of the extraction current.
A General Method for Patterning Gradients of Biomolecules on Surfaces Using Microfluidic Networks (2005)

This report outlines a general method for the fabrication of immobilized gradients of biomolecules on surfaces. This method utilizes a microfluidic network that generates a gradient of avidin in solution and immobilizes this protein on the surface of glass or poly(dimethylsiloxane) by physical adsorption. The immobilized gradient of avidin is then translated into gradients of biotinylated ligands (e.g., small molecules, oligomers of DNA, polysaccharides) using the specific interaction between biotin and avidin. This method can also generate immobilized gradients of certain proteins and artificial polymers by a direct transfer of gradients from solution onto the surface. The major advantage of this method is that almost any type of molecule can, in principle, be immobilized in a well-defined surface gradient of arbitrary shape with dimensions of a few micrometers to a few centimeters. It is possible to tailor the precise shapes of gradients on surfaces from gradients in solution, either kinetically or competitively. Kinetic methods rely on controlling the time that the surface is exposed to the gradient in solution: when a single protein adsorbs from solution, the amount that adsorbs depends both on its concentration in solution and on the time allowed for adsorption. Competitive methods rely on exposure of the surface to a complementary gradient of two proteins in solution (In these experiments, the sum of the concentrations of the proteins in solution is independent of positions although the concentration of each, individually, depends on the position. In this procedure, the relative amount of each protein, at saturation on the surface, depends only on its concentration.).
CINNOLINES. III. ATTEMPTED SYNTHESES OF THE CINNOLINE NUCLEUS<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCINNOLINES. III. ATTEMPTED SYNTHESES OF THE CINNOLINE NUCLEUS1NELSON J. LEONARD, SAMUEL N. BOYD Jr., and HARRY F. HERBRANDSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1947, 12, 1, 47–56Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01165a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (567 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The gas-phase macrocyclic effect: reaction rates for crown ethers and the corresponding glymes with alkali metal cations (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe gas-phase macrocyclic effect: reaction rates for crown ethers and the corresponding glymes with alkali metal cationsHong Zhang and David V. DeardenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7, 2754–2755Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00033a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00033a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOLUTION. I. PHOTODIMERIZATION OF ACENES, PHOTOREACTIVE STATE AND SUBSTITUENT EFFECT (1976)

Abstract Es wird die Dimerisierung z.B. von 9‐Methyl‐, 9‐Cyan‐ und 9,10‐Dimethyl‐anthracen in Benzol sowie von 1,2‐Benzanthracen in Cyclohexan untersucht, die über den Singulett‐Zustand S, verläuft.
Conservative management of placental polyp with oral administration of methotrexate (2001)

Surgical treatment is usually selected for placental polyp accompanied by massive bleeding but patients wishing to conserve their fecundity require conservative management. A 35-year old nullipara was diagnosed as having placental polyp on the basis of typical episodes, and detection of placental polypeptide hormones and blood flow by Doppler ultrasonography and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Oral administration of methotrexate (2.5 mg, three times a day for 5 days) was repeated for three cycles because surgical treatment was rejected. Serum human placental lactogen, blood flow and the polyp disappeared sequentially following chemotherapy. This report thus advocates considering conservative management for placental polyp.
Total Synthesis of the Cyclic Depsipeptide YM-280193, a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor (2015)

The first total synthesis of YM-280193, a cyclic depsipeptide that inhibits the ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets, is described. The monomer and dipeptide fragments were prepared using conventional chemistry and subsequently assembled by Fmoc-solid-phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc-SPPS). A late-stage novel bis-alkylation-elimination of cysteine on-resin was employed to introduce the unnatural N-methyldehydroalanine moiety. The final step involved execution of a key macrolactamization reaction between the hindered unnatural N,O-dimethylthreonine and β-hydroxyleucine residues.
Homogeneous Rigid Body Mechanics with Elastic Coupling (2002)

Geometric algebra is used in an essential way to provide a coordinate-free approach to Euclidean geometry and rigid body mechanics that fully integrates rotational and translational dynamics. Euclidean points are given a homogeneous representation that avoids designating one of them as an origin of coordinates and enables direct computation of geometric relations. Finite displacements of rigid bodies are associated naturally with screw displacements generated by bivectors and represented by twistors that combine multiplicatively. Classical screw theory is incorporated in an invariant formulation that is less ambiguous, easier to interpret geometrically, and manifestly more efficient in symbolic computation. The potential energy of an arbitrary elastic coupling is given an invariant form that promises significant simplifications in practical applications.
Die BCG-aktivierte Killerzelle: Untersuchung spezifischer Erkennungs- und Tötungsmechanismen zur Charakterisierung des Wirkprinzips der intravesikalen Immuntherapie mit Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (1998)

Die adjuvante intravesikale Immuntherapie mit viablen Bacillus Calmette Guerin(BCG)-Mykobakterien kann heute als etabierte Therapie zur Rezidivprophylaxe beim oberflächlichen Harnblasenkarzinom angesehen werden. Untersuchungen zum Wirkmechanismus dieser Immuntherapie konnten nachweisen, daß mononukleäre immunkompetente Zellen aus dem peripheren Blut durch BCG zur Zytotoxizität gegen Harnblasenkarzinomzellen stimuliert werden konnten. Die Induktion dieser CD8+ CD56+, sog. BCC-aktivierten Killerzellen (BAK-Zellen) ist durch antigenpräsentierende Monozyten und CD4+ T-Lymphozyten vermittelt. Die Erkennung und Abtötung on Zielzellen ist nicht MHC-restringiert. In den hier dargestellten Untersuchungen verglichen wir diese eigenständige zytotoxische Zellpopulation mit den bekannten Lymphokin-aktivierten Killerzellen (LAk-Zellen) hinsichtlich ihrer Zytotoxizität gegen maligne und benigne Zellen. Ein herausragender Unterschied zwischen beiden Effektorzellpopulationen war das Phänomen, daß BAK-Zellen im Gegensatz zu LAK-Zellen keine Zytotoxizität gegen urotheliale Zellen aufwiesen. Es kann somit davon ausgegangen werden, daß BAK-Zellen zwischen malignen und benignen Zellen unterscheiden. Weitere sog. “Cold Target Inhibition” - Untersuchungen zeigten, daß BAK-Zellen eine homogene Zellpopulation repräsentierten, während LAK-Zellen offensichtlich aus zumindest zwei Subpopulationen mit unterschiedlichen Erkennungs- und Tötungscharakteristiken bestehen. Somit kann die BCG-aktivierte Killerzelle als ein eigenständiges und hiermit erstmalig charakterisiertes zytotoxisches Prinzip und als das zelluläre Korrelat der intravesikalen Immuntherapie mit Bacillus Calmette-Guérin angesehen werden.
Polysiloxane-supported fullerene derivative as a new heterogeneous sensitiser for the selective photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by 1O2 (2002)

A heterogeneous photosensitiser for the generation of singlet oxygen was synthesized by covalent attachment of a methanofullerene derivative to polysiloxane-based Deloxan® DAP beads and its performance in the photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides was investigated. As opposed to C60 and many of its derivatives, the heterogeneous sensitiser can be readily used in protic solvents such as methanol which makes the photooxygenation highly selective, affording good to excellent yields of sulfoxides with aliphatic and benzylic sulfides. Moreover, the sensitiser is easily recovered at the end of the reaction by simple filtration.
Minimal sample support space–time adaptive processing with fast subspace techniques (2002)

The authors investigate finite data support for subspace or projection methods for STAP which are robust against strong clutter returns. A theoretical analysis of the eigenvector projection technique is presented that provides insight into the problem of determining the optimum choice of the projected clutter subspace and matched filter adjustments (with respect to target Doppler frequency). An estimator of the optimum subspace dimension, which is significantly smaller than clutter rank, as a function of the number of samples is presented. This result, combined with recently proposed near-optimal eigenvector-free projection techniques with minimal sample support, reduce the computational burden so drastically that even fully adaptive optimum STAP with large degrees of freedom may become practical for real-time applications.
Effect of low temperatures on 2,4‐D behaviour in maize plants (1991)

Summary: The foliar surface of 4‐leaf maize plants was found to be poorly wettable and retained 106 μl g −1 dry matter when sprayed with a U46D (2,4‐D formulation) blank. The third leaf retained 141 μl g −1 . A 7‐day cold spell (17/9°C) increased retention per unit dry matter by 53% (135% on the third leaf). Cold stress lowered epicuticular wax quantity by 29% on the third leaf. Contact angles of formulated 2,4‐D lay between 115 and 125° and were not significantly affected by cold stress. 2,4‐D rapidly entered into maize third leaf (66% in 24 h) but migration from it was less than 1.5%. 2,4‐D was readily degraded in maize (80% in 72 h). The most abundant metabolite was probably an ester conjugate; little of the hydroxy derivatives were found. Cold stress reduced 2,4‐D degradation, and 72 h after treatment the amount of undegraded 2,4‐D was 78% higher in cold‐stressed maize plants. It was concluded that 2,4‐D selectivity in maize results from low spray retention per unit dry matter and active degradation of penetrated herbicide. Cold stress affects both factors.