gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free-Radical Reactions of Pyrroles (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-Radical Reactions of PyrrolesRoy J. Gritter and Ronald J. ChrissCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 5, 1163–1167Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01028a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01028a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The significance of the amount of myometrial invasion in patients with Stage IB endometrial carcinoma (2002)

Based on this study, in patients with Stage IB endometrial carcinoma, the amount of myometrial invasion, defined as invasion less than or equal to one-third of the myometrium versus invasion greater than one-third and less than one-half of the myometrium, did not appear to influence outcome. Age > or = 60 years and FIGO Grade 3, however, emerged as independent prognostic factors for poor DFS and OS.
Poly(ethylenimine)-Based Polymer Blends as Single-Ion Lithium Conductors (2014)

Highly conductive solid polymer electrolytes were generated by blending linear poly(ethyleneimine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) with linear poly(ethyleneimine) bearing lithium N-propylsulfonate groups as the lithium source. The effect of polymer backbone structure on Li+ conductivity was determined by comparing a series of blends made from the PEI-based materials with those from polymethacrylate backbone analogues. The use of PEI backbones promoted ion-pair dissociation, stabilized the macromolecular mix and generated blends with ionic conductivities up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the polymethacrylate-based systems. Blends containing the PEI-bound lithium sulfonates exhibited lithium conductivities higher than those measured for PEG doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide. Shifts in the νs(SO3) IR absorption band suggest that the solvation environment for the lithium sulfonates changes with polymer structure. The PEI-based blends are thermally stable up to 200 °C, electrochemically stable in the ±5 V range, and showed unparalleled ionic conductivities (0.4 mS/cm at room temperature and 5 mS/cm at 80 °C) for solvent-free systems with polymer-bound anions.
A family of autocrine growth factors in <i> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2002)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its close relative, Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) contain five genes whose predicted products resemble Rpf from Micrococcus luteus. Rpf is a secreted growth factor, active at picomolar concentrations, which is required for the growth of vegetative cells in minimal media at very low inoculum densities, as well as the resuscitation of dormant cells. We show here that the five cognate proteins from M. tuberculosis have very similar characteristics and properties to those of Rpf. They too stimulate bacterial growth at picomolar (and in some cases, subpicomolar) concentrations. Several lines of evidence indicate that they exert their activity from an extra-cytoplasmic location, suggesting that they are also involved in intercellular signalling. The five M. tuberculosis proteins show cross-species activity against M. luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. bovis (BCG). Actively growing cells of M. bovis (BCG) do not respond to these proteins, whereas bacteria exposed to a prolonged stationary phase do. Affinity-purified antibodies inhibit bacterial growth in vitro, suggesting that sequestration of these proteins at the cell surface might provide a means to limit or even prevent bacterial multiplication in vivo. The Rpf family of bacterial growth factors may therefore provide novel opportunities for preventing and controlling mycobacterial infections.
All optical integrated upconversion fluorescence-based point temperature sensing system using Er3+-doped silica-on-silicon waveguides (2002)

In this work an optically integrated and compact point temperature sensor based upon upconversion fluorescence emission in an Er3+-doped silica-on-silicon waveguide is proposed. The sensing system relies upon the temperature information residing in the intensity ratio of two thermally coupled upconversion excited fluorescence emission signals around 530 and 550 nm due to the Er3+ transitions H11/22→4I15/2 and S3/24→4I15/2, respectively. The system was tested in the range of temperature from 20 °C to 140 °C. Under this circumstance the system have shown sensitivity close to 9.0×10−3/°C with a coupled pump power around 800 nm as low as 7 mW and a maximum sensitivity of 0.010/°C is expected at 250 °C.
Fast History Matching of Finite-Difference Models Using Streamline-Derived Sensitivities (2004)

Abstract We propose a novel approach to history matching finite-difference models that combines the advantage of the streamline models with the versatility of finite-difference simulation. Current streamline models are limited in their ability to incorporate complex physical processes and cross-streamline mechanisms in a computationally efficient manner. A unique feature of streamline models is their ability to efficiently compute the sensitivity of the production data with respect to reservoir parameters using a single flow simulation. These sensitivities define the relationship between changes in production response because of small changes in reservoir parameters and thus, form the basis for many history matching algorithms. In our approach, we utilize the streamline-derived sensitivities to facilitate history matching during finite-difference simulation. First, the velocity field from the finite-difference model is used to compute streamline trajectories, time of flight and parameter sensitivities. The sensitivities are then utilized in an inversion algorithm to update the reservoir model during finite-difference simulation. The use of finite-difference model allows us to account for detailed process physics and compressibility effects. Although the streamline-derived sensitivities are only approximate, they do not seem to noticeably impact the quality of the match or efficiency of the approach. For history matching, we use ‘a generalized travel-time inversion’ that is shown to be extremely robust because of its quasi-linear properties and converges in only a few iterations. The approach is very fast and avoids much of the subjective judgments and time-consuming trial-and-errors associated with manual history matching. We demonstrate the power and utility of our approach using a synthetic example and two field examples. The first one is from a CO2 pilot area in the Goldsmith San Andreas Unit, a dolomite formation in west Texas with over 20 years of waterflood production history. The second example is from a giant middle-eastern reservoir and involves history matching a multimillion cell geologic model with 16 injectors and 70 producers. The final model preserved all of the prior geologic constraints while matching 30 years of production history.
Towards a meshed ultra high speed TDM optical network concept, OADM architecture and proof of principle (2004)

Meshed ultra-high-speed OTDM networks give rise to a couple of challenges concerning the architecture of network elements. We present an architecture of an OTDM-ADM and its experimental proof of concept.
EFFICIENT FORMATION OF A CROSSLINKABLE HMT MONOADDUCT AT THE Kpn I RECOGNITION SITE (1984)

Abstract The double‐stranded Kpn I linker, CGGTACCG, is readily crosslinked by 4′‐hydroxymethyl‐4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen (HMT). Under identical conditions, the corresponding Bam HI linker, CGGATCCG, is resistant to modification. The differential reactivity of HMT towards the two sequences is also observed with SV40 DNA where the Kpn I restriction site is ten‐fold more susceptible to HMT modification than the Bam HI site. Selective reaction with the Kpn I site is attributed to preferential intercalation of HMT into the TpA sequence. The availability of crosslinked Kpn I linker has allowed us to characterize the kinetics of photoreversal. Upon irradiation at 254 nm, the diadduct reverses at a faster rate than the monoadduct, leading to an accumulation of the latter. The resultant monoadduct reforms crosslink rapidly upon irradiation at 365 nm. DNA oligomers like the Kpn I linker, which can be modified by the above protocol to contain a crosslinkable HMT monoadduct, could he exploited as photoreactive sequence‐specific probes.
Embedded Memory Diagnosis: An Industrial Workflow (2006)

Embedded memory modules are sensitive components that deeply influence production yield of integrated devices. For fast yield improvement, an efficient manufacturing test must supply advanced defect characterization that helps in discovering technology weaknesses and finding strategies for improvement. This paper presents an industrial workflow for embedded memory diagnosis. It is based on the integration of March-based diagnostic BIST hardware in an IEEE 1500-compliant environment, and on a novel diagnostic algorithm for determining the fault model associated to the retrieved syndromes. An experimental implementation showing the feasibility of the approach is presented
ESR Spectrum of the Cyclooctatetraenyl Radical Anion (1960)

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Aging and its effects on inflammation in skeletal muscle at rest and following exercise-induced muscle injury (2010)

The world's elderly population is expanding rapidly, and we are now faced with the significant challenge of maintaining or improving physical activity, independence, and quality of life in the elderly. Counteracting the progressive loss of muscle mass that occurs in the elderly, known as sarcopenia, represents a major hurdle in achieving these goals. Indirect evidence for a role of inflammation in sarcopenia is that markers of systemic inflammation correlate with the loss of muscle mass and strength in the elderly. More direct evidence is that compared with skeletal muscle of young people, the number of macrophages is lower, the gene expression of several cytokines is higher, and stress signaling proteins are activated in skeletal muscle of elderly people at rest. Sarcopenia may also result from inadequate repair and chronic maladaptation following muscle injury in the elderly. Macrophage infiltration and the gene expression of certain cytokines are reduced in skeletal muscle of elderly people compared with young people following exercise-induced muscle injury. Further research is required to identify the cause(s) of inflammation in skeletal muscle of elderly people. Additional work is also needed to expand our understanding of the cells, proteins, and transcription factors that regulate inflammation in the skeletal muscle of elderly people at rest and after exercise. This knowledge is critical for devising strategies to restrict sarcopenia, and improve the health of today's elderly population.
DAMAGE TO ROAD BRIDGES (1995 HYOGOKEN NANBU EARTHQUAKE) (1997)

This report discusses the damages to principal road bridges caused by the Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake. Bridges of National Road Routes 2, 43 and 171, Meishin and Chugoku Expressways, and Hanshin Expressway No. 3 and 5, i.e., Kobe and Wangan Routes, respectively, were affected. Bridges of prefectural and municipal roads were also damaged. Damages are outlined in detail, accompanied by figures, photographs, and tables.
Case Study of Empirical Beam Hardening Correction Methods for Dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography Using a Dedicated Multi-material Reference Standard (2018)

This paper presents a case study of two selected beam hardening correction methods and their effects on dimensional measurements of multi-material objects. The methods under test are empirical cupping correction (ECC) and empirical dual energy calibration (EDEC). These methods were originally developed for medical applications and their potential for the reduction of artefacts is typically only analysed based on grey value images. For testing and benchmarking of the mentioned methods for dimensional metrology, a dedicated multi-material reference standard—a multi-material hole cube—is used. This reference standard was originally developed for acceptance testing of CT systems. This paper shows a second application of this standard. The reference standard has been calibrated by tactile measurements to assess centre–centre distance errors as well as patch-based bidirectional length measurement errors on beam hardening corrected data and on uncorrected data. For the application of the method also to industrial multi-material scenarios, slight modifications of the ECC method are proposed. Practical aspects of both the ECC and the EDEC approaches as well as measurement results are analysed and discussed in detail. ECC was able to significantly improve dimensional measurements and was especially able to reduce extreme errors occurring in particular in multi-material scenarios by a factor of more than 4. EDEC, the dual-energy approach, reduced grey value inhomogeneities caused by artefacts even more. Its performance for dimensional measurements was however a little worse than ECC. EDEC data resulted in a slightly larger total range of residual measurement errors, mainly due to an elevated noise level.
Randomized phase II trial comparing molecularly targeted therapy based on tumor molecular profiling versus conventional therapy in patients with refractory cancer: Results of the SHIVA trial. (2015)

11113 Background: Non-randomized studies suggested that selecting molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) based on the molecular profile of pts’ tumors, independently of tumor location and histology, improves outcome. We evaluated this histology-agnostic approach in pts who have failed standard of care therapy. Methods: Eligible pts underwent a biopsy of a metastatic site in order to establish the molecular profile of their tumor. Pts for whom a molecular alteration was identified and matched a MTA according to a pre-specified treatment algorithm (Table), were stratified according to the molecular pathway and randomly allocated to matching MTA or treatment at physician’s choice (TPC). MTAs were only allowed outside their licensed indication and if not previously given. The primary end point was PFS. Results: Among 741 included pts, 195 were randomized. 82, 89 and 24 pts were allocated to the HT, PI3K and RTK/MAPK subgroups. G3/4 AEs rates were 43% and 35% in the MTA and TPC arms. ORR was 4.1% in the MTA arm vs 3.4% in the TPC arm. Global PFS and according to the molecular pathway are presented in the Table. Conclusions: The SHIVA trial did not demonstrate that the administration of MTAs outside their indications according to the pre-specified treatment algorithm improves PFS as compared to TPC in heavily pretreated pts. This histology-agnostic approach warrants further investigation in the RTK/MAPK pathway. Clinical trial information: NCT01771458. Median PFS (months) Molecular pathways Molecular alterations MTAs TPC arm (n = 96) MTA arm (n = 99) HR [95%CI] p-value All patients 2.0 2.3 0.88 [0.65-1.19] 0.41 Hormonal (HT) AR protein expression > 10% ER/PR protein expression > 10% Abiraterone Tamoxifen or Letrozole 2.0 2.1 1.12 [0.70-1.78] 0.64 PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PI3K) PI3KCA/AKT1 mut/amplif AKT2,3/mTOR/RAPTOR/RICTOR amplif PTEN/STK11 mut/LOH Everolimus 1.9 2.4 0.79 [0.51-1.24] 0.30 RTK/MAP kinase (RTK/MAPK) PDGFRA or B/FLT3 mut/amplif KIT/ABL/RET mut/amplif HER-2 mut/amplif BRAF mut/amplif EGFR mut/amplif SRC mut/amplif EPHA2/LCK/YES amplif Sorafenib Imatinib Lapatinib+ Trastuzumab Vemurafenib Erlotinib Dasatinib 2.0 3.7 0.58 [0.24-1.37] 0.20
Tickling Macrophages, a Serious Business (2004)

Failure to remove apoptotic cells and cell debris has been linked to the development of autoimmunity. In their Perspective, [ZA¼llig and Hengartner][1] discuss a study from Nagata and colleagues that identifies a crucial bridging protein, MFG-E8, as essential for the removal of apoptotic cells ([ Hanayama et al .][2]).

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5674/1123
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5674/1147
Four critical issues for successful hydraulic fracturing applications (2019)

This paper reviews four critical mechanisms for successful applications of hydraulic fracturing that have emerged or grown in importance over the past 2 decades. These critical issues are managing height growth, decreasing near-wellbore tortuosity, predicting and engineering network versus localized growth geometry, and promoting simultaneous growth of multiple hydraulic fractures. Building on the foundation of decades of research relevant to each area but with an emphasis on advances within the past 20 years, the review presents available field evidence, laboratory data, and modeling insights that comprise the current state of knowledge. Fluid viscosity, injection rate, and in situ stresses are shown to appear as controlling parameters across all of these issues. The past contributions and limitations on future developments point to a future in which advances are enabled by a combination of fully coupled 3D simulations, advanced laboratory experiments, vastly expanded characterization capabilities, and order of magnitude improvements in monitoring resolution.
A Novel Explanation for Low Alanine Aminotransferase Activity in Human Serum Caused by IgG Inhibitor (2002)

Article A Novel Explanation for Low Alanine Aminotransferase Activity in Human Serum Caused by IgG Inhibitor was published on August 26, 2002 in the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (volume 40, issue 8).
The Effect of Experimental Hemarthrosis on Joint Stiffness and Synovial Histology in a Rabbit Model (1994)

The effect of a single injection of unpreserved blood on joint stiffness and on synovial and cartilage histomorphology in the ankle joints of rabbits was determined at ten and 28 days after injection. The same volume of saline was placed in the contralateral ankle for comparison. After ten days, the hemarthrosis ankle was stiffer than the control ankle (p < 0.027), whereas at 28 days there was no statistical difference in stiffness between the hemarthrosis and control ankles, regardless of whether the limbs had been immobilized. Also after ten days, the hemarthrosis ankles had varying amounts of clotted blood, darkened articular cartilage, hypertrophic synovium with reactive blood vessels, and macrophages containing heme. The gross and histologic appearance of the saline ankles was normal. After 28 days, there were no differences in gross or microscopic appearance between the two ankles of the caged or immobilized rabbits. All ankles exhibited retreating inflammatory response in the synovium and mild synovial thickening. Acute hemarthrosis, unassociated with fracture or discernible joint injury, caused only transient changes in joint stiffness and synovial histology. These results indicate that the presence of blood in an otherwise grossly uninjured joint should not lead to ultimate compromise in cartilage integrity or joint function. Therapeutic arthrocentesis for acute posttraumatic hemarthrosis does not appear to be necessary for the prevention of permanent problems.
Moisture Diffusion in Impact Damaged Face Sheets of Composite Sandwich Materials. (1996)

Abstract : Moisture permeation can weaken composite sandwich material structures. This report describes an investigation of the change in moisture diffusion coefficients in composite sandwich face sheet material which has sustained moderate damage. Sandwich panels were subjected to impacts of 50, 75 and 100 foot-pounds using a one-inch diameter instrumented impact head. After the panels were subjected to the impacts, the core and rear face material were removed, leaving only the impacted face sheet. In the analysis, a sufficient undamaged area of the composite was retained in order to prevent further damage to the impact area. Small squares of damaged and undamaged face sheet material were then dried in a vacuum oven and exposed to 80 percent RH at 22 deg C for a period of seven months. The diffusion coefficients were determined through the damaged area and compared with that of undamaged face sheets. The sorption curves of the damaged specimens were analyzed to estimate the moisture diffusion coefficients. It was determined that small damage, barely noticeable, increased the diffusion coefficients of the damaged area by about two orders of magnitude.
1,4‐Dihydro‐1,4‐diazocine; <i>N</i>‐Substitution and Structure (“Aromaticity”) (1979)

Rings having 10 delocalizable electrons are of interest as potentially aromatic compounds. The unsubstituted 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diazocine (1) has now been prepared by two independent syntheses. Some N,N′-disubstituted derivatives of this ring system were already known. On the basis of its chemical behavior, spectra, and planar structure (confirmed by X-ray structure analysis), (1) is to be regarded as a 10π aromatic species. No prototropic shift to give (2) or (3) is observed. The character of the N,N′-disubstituted derivatives (4) is critically dependent upon the substituents.
RECENT RESULTS OF THE ACO STORAGE RING F.E.L. EXPERIMENT (1983)

A permanent magnet undulator has been built and installed on the ACO Storage Ring. The undulator design, the spontaneous emission and gain of the system, as well as the laser induced bunch lengthening of the electron bunch, are presented. A low-loss optical cavity has been also recently built and operated on the ring. Its performance and the degradation problems of the mirrors are discussed. Amplification of the spontaneous emission stored in the optical cavity has been observed. Also, preliminary results on the operation of an optical klystron are reported and interpreted.
Design of a 64 channel analog receive beamformer for high frequency linear arrays (2010)

A new 64 channel analog receive beamformer was developed to support a recently built 30 MHz 256-element linear array with 50 μm pitch. Each channel of the proposed beamformer consisted of a coarse delay and a fine delay circuit block. The delay blocks were implemented using wide bandwidth tapped delay lines. Multiplexers were used to select the output taps of the fine delay and coarse delay. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) devices which stored the delay profile of each channel were used to update the control signals for the multiplexers at each scan line and focal zone switching. Due to the transient effect when turning a switch on or off, glitch noise could be introduced during each focal zone transition. A differential circuit, as well as switch offsetting, was used to suppress such an effect. The design was shown to be capable of providing a total delay of 157 ns with a resolution of Ins. The rise time of the cascading delay lines was 8.66 ns, which set the -3dB bandwidth to about 40MHz. The test on two channels of the beamformer showed a 20 dB improvement in SNR by the two glitch suppressing methods. Phantoms images shows that the system can achieve lateral resolution of 120 μm, and can resolve anechoic spheres as small as 300 μm in diameter.