gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trellis decoding for MPEG-4 streams over wireless channels (2003)

Most video coding standards, including MPEG-4, use variable length codes to encode the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of intra frames and inter frames, and the motion vector information. Although variable length codes can achieve good compression, they are very sensitive to channel errors, especially in wireless channels, which are characterized by bursty errors. Joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) is emerging as a potential alternative to traditional error resilience methods for dealing with this sensitivity to channel errors. This paper describes one such JSCD for the reliable transmission of MPEG-4 video over wireless channels. We apply the maximum a posteriori probability based JSCD developed for first order Markov sources to both inter and intra coded macroblocks. Experiments indicate that the proposed decoder gives significant improvements (9 dB in some cases) for MPEG-4 video with error resilience at various channel error rates.
Peri-saccadic mislocalization centered at salient stimulus instead of saccade goal (2010)

It is generally believed that visual localization is performed based on retinotopic position and an efference copy of oculomotor signals. However, this model has difficulty in explaining the non-uniformity of many visual mislocalization phenomena associated with eye movements, e.g. the “compressed” pattern of peri-saccadic mislocalization with its locus centered at the saccade target. We investigate whether the mislocalization locus follows the actual saccade landing point or the salient object, which are typically at the same location, but were separated by up to 14° in our study. Subjects made saccades from a fixation marker on the left (−10°) to a position on the right (+10°), and a vertical bar was flashed for one frame (100Hz frame rate) at −9°, 1°, 9°, or 15° contemporaneous to saccades. In the baseline condition, there was a salient target at the saccade landing point (+10°), in the control condition, there was no saccadic target and subjects made saccades to the memorized point (+10°). In the main experiment, there was no saccadic target either, but a salient stimulus (distracter) randomly appeared at −4 or 5° at the same time as the saccade cue and persisted for 600ms. The results show that: (a) the mislocalization in the baseline was consistent with that in previous publications (compression index CI=0.44); (b) the mislocalization in the control condition was smaller (CI=0.22); and (c) the mislocalization in the main test was strong (CI=0.43), but the mislocalization locus was shifted to the distracter. Our results imply that in the case of uncertain retinotopic and oculomotor signals (as during eye movements), the spatial coding of an object may be affected by other objects that are spatially well established in addition to commonly accepted retinotopic position and ocluomotor signals. This influence might contribute to the “compressed” pattern of saccadic mislocalization.
Morphogenesis of Vesiculation in Foot-and-Mouth Disease (1980)

The morphogenesis of vesiculation in cattle inoculated (aerosol expsoure) with foot-and-mouth disease virus was investigated by examining alternate, frozen sections of selected tissues stained by fluorescent antibody technique and with hematoxylin and eosin. Viremia preceded the development of lesions, and virus appeared to be transported to the epithelium via papillae. Lesions were initiated usually by the infection of single cells in the stratum spinosum adjacent to the papillae. Three types of lesions were observed. A vesicle developed mainly from the lysis of swollen, spherical cells and the release of intracellular fluid. The 2nd type of lesion was formed mainly by the accumulation of intercellular edema. The 3rd type was characterized by the absence of a vesicle due to seepage and loss of edema fluid and desiccation of the lesion.
<title>Three-intensified-sensor color high-speed camera</title> (1997)

In 1991, the authors developed a high-speed video camera with a frame rate of 4,500 pps, which was the world's fastest at that time and is currently marketed by a third party. An MCP-type image intensifier is attached directly to the image sensor to realize both very high light sensitivity and frame rate. Three intensified image sensors are combined with a cubic three-way beam splitter prism and three optical filter holders to form this high-speed video/ultra-high- speed triple-framing camera. The camera can capture fast- moving images under the following conditions: (1) 4,500-pps continuous color imaging with R, G & B filters and perfect synchronization of the three images for a full 256 X 256 X 3-pixel frame, or faster color imaging of up to 40,500 pps at a reduced resolution of 64 X 64 X 3 pixels. (2) Triple-speed continuous monochrome imaging without filters and delayed synchronization, i.e. 13,500 pps for a full 256 X 256-pixel frame or up to 121,500 pps for a reduced 64 X 64-pixel frame. (3) Ultra-fast three-frame capture at a speed of 1/50,000,000 s by delayed gating of the image intensifiers. The cubic prism is also convertible, enabling simultaneous image capture by three monochromatic light sources of different wavelengths with no loss of incident light energy. This is in contrast with the large energy loss caused by a cubic prism using metalized half-mirrors, which reduced light transmission to one quarter, coupled with the losses associated with the three optical filters, reducing the light energy incident on each individual sensor still further.
Site-directed mutagenesis of the T4 endonuclease V gene: role of lysine-130 (1988)

The DNA sequence of the bacteriophage T4 denV gene which encodes the DNA repair enzyme endonuclease V was previously constructed behind the hybrid lambda promoter OLPR in a plasmid vector. The OLPR-denV sequence was subcloned in M13mp18 and used as template to construct site-specific mutations in the denV structural gene in order to investigate structure/function relationships between the primary structure of the protein and its various DNA binding and catalytic activities. The Lys-130 residue of the wild-type endonuclease V has been postulated to be associated with its apurinic endonuclease (AP-endonuclease) activity. The codon for Lys-130 was changed to His-130 or Gly-130, and each denV sequence was subcloned into a pEMBL expression vector. These plasmids were transformed into repair-deficient Escherichia coli (uvrA recA), and the following parameters were examined for cells or cell extracts: expression and accumulation of endonuclease V protein (K-130, H-130, or G-130); survival after UV irradiation; dimer-specific DNA binding; and kinetics of phosphodiester bond scission at pyrimidine dimer sites, dimer-specific N-glycosylase activity, and AP-endonuclease activity. The enzyme's intracellular accumulation was significantly decreased for G-130 and slightly decreased for H-130 despite normal levels of denV-specific mRNA for each mutant. On a molar basis, the endonuclease V gene products generally gave parallel levels of each of the catalytic and binding functions with K-130 greater than H-130 greater than G-130 much greater than control denV-.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The DTWP : An LPC based dynamic time warping processor for isolated word recognition (2005)

Special purpose hardware for calculating dynamic time warp distances has been designed and tested utilizing TTL technology. The "Dynamic Time Warp Processor" (DTWP) performs all of the necessary arithmetic and decision making operations for selecting a word from a given vocabulary based on log likelihood distance measurements. The speed limitation in previously designed hardware was due to programmed decision making (often referred to as combinatorics). The combinatorics have been implemented in hardware in such a way that the decisions are made in the time of several gate delays rather than the time of several program cycles. Thus, a dynamic time warp (DTW) is performed on typical 40 frame templates in less than one millisecond. The DTWP serves as a slave to a 16-bit microcomputer. It performs all of the computation and control necessary for pattern classification. A board level implementation is now operational. VLSI implementation of the processor is currently in progress. All logic has been designed in 2.5µm CMOS polycells and has been simulated on the MOTIS timing simulator. The timing simulations indicate that the DTW time of 1 msec implemented at the board level can also be met on the integrated circuit.
Topology of grain deformation (1998)

AbstractAbstractThe deformation of a polycrystalline material leads to changes in the amount of grain surface and grain edge per unit volume. These parameters are of importance in kinetic theory since both surfaces and edges are heterogeneous nucleation sites. In the present study a method is described for calculating changes in the surface area and edge per unit volume as afunction of common deformations encountered in the production of steels. Unlike previous analyses, each grain in the undeformed material is represented by a tetrakaidecahedron, a shape which is a realistic representation of equiaxed grains. There are some interesting results which are compared with previous work.
A Large Polysaccharide Produced by Helicobacter hepaticus Induces an Anti-inflammatory Gene Signature in Macrophages (2017)

Interactions between the host and its microbiota are of mutual benefit and promote health. Complex molecular pathways underlie this dialog, but the identity of microbe-derived molecules that mediate the mutualistic state remains elusive. Helicobacter hepaticus is a member of the mouse intestinal microbiota that is tolerated by the host. In the absence of an intact IL-10 signaling, H. hepaticus induces an IL-23-driven inflammatory response in the intestine. Here we investigate the interactions between H. hepaticus and host immune cells that may promote mutualism, and the microbe-derived molecule(s) involved. Our results show that H. hepaticus triggers early IL-10 induction in intestinal macrophages and produces a large soluble polysaccharide that activates a specific MSK/CREB-dependent anti-inflammatory and repair gene signature via the receptor TLR2. These data identify a host-bacterial interaction that promotes mutualistic mechanisms at the intestinal interface. Further understanding of this pathway may provide novel prevention and treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease.
Investigations on oxidative cleavage of reducing disaccharides. (1990)

Essai de biosynthese d'acides polyhydroxymonocarbones a partir de diosides, par oxydation de Spengler-Pfannenstiel. Etude cinetique en fonction du substrat (isomaltulose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose). Essai d'amelioration du procede
[In vitro tests of internal tooth whitening agents on colored solutions do not replace tests on teeth]. (2006)

Two in vitro tests for the assessment of whitening agents were evaluated. A simple, reproducible and cost-effective model using coloured solutions was compared to a tooth model. The following bleaching agents were investigated: 1) Sodium perborate tetrahydrate/30% H2O2, 2) sodium perborate tetrahydrate/3% H2O2, 3) thermocatalytic procedure with 30% H2O2 and 4) Opal-escence Endo. In the model using coloured solutions, the light absorption of the solutions was assessed one and 24 hours after application of the whitening agents. In discoloured teeth, whitening agents were placed in a simulated access cavity. In groups 1, 2, and 4, the agents were left in the cavity for three days, whereas in group 3 the substance was applied three times for 30 seconds. Bleaching processes were repeated three times. All bleaching agents proved effective in the model with coloured solutions, as well as in the tooth model. The effect was most pronounced after the first bleaching step. The results showed, however, that the simplified experiment with coloured solutions cannot replace the tooth model.
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy With Excimer Laser for Reis-Bückler's Corneal Dystrophy (1992)

Two patients with decreased visual acuity and recurrent epithelial erosions due to Reis-Bückler's corneal dystrophy underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy with the 193-nanometer excimer laser. Because the epithelial surface was relatively smooth prior to surgery, ablations were performed through an intact epithelium. Postoperatively, visual acuity was improved and symptoms of erosion decreased in both patients. Although no refractive shift was intended with the phototherapeutic procedure, both patients were hyperopic following surgery. Superficial keratectomy with the 193-nanometer excimer laser thus provides an alternative to conventional surgical keratectomy.
Biosynthetic Studies on Water-Soluble Derivative 5c (DTX5c) (2012)

The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum belizeanum is responsible for the production of several toxins involved in the red tide phenomenon known as Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP). In this paper we report on the biosynthetic origin of an okadaic acid water-soluble ester derivative, DTX5c, on the basis of the spectroscopical analysis of ¹³C enriched samples obtained by addition of labelled sodium [l-¹³C], [2-¹³C] acetate to artificial cultures of this dinoflagellate.
Nonlinearity measurements of silicon photodetectors (1998)

Nonlinearities of the responsivity of various types of siliconphotodetectors have been studied. These detectors are based onphotodiodes with two sizes of the active area (10 x 10 mm(2) and 18 x 18 mm(2)). The detectorconfigurations investigated include single photodiodes, two reflectiontrap detectors, and a transmission trap detector. For all devices, the measured nonlinearity was less than 2 x 10(-4) forphotocurrents up to 200 muA. The diameter of themeasurement beam was found to have an effect on thenonlinearity. The measured nonlinearity of the trap detectorsdepends on the polarization state of the incident beam. Theresponsivity of the photodetectors consisting of the large-areaphotodiodes reached saturation at higher photocurrent values comparedwith the devices based on the photodiodes with smaller activearea.
Screw pinch with reversed force-line pitch (1983)

A screw pinch in which the pitch of the lines of force is reversed through a ''translational transformation'' has been studied analytically and numerically. (The configuration is of the OHTE type, proposed by T. Ohkawa.) The monotonically decreasing profile of q (the safety factor) required for stability, with q reversing at the plasma boundary, can be created in such systems even in the complete absence of poloidal currents in the plasma. The steady-state screw pinch is studied, and it is shown that the reversal of q in it is compatible with the ordinary Ohm's law. The reversal of q in a screw pinch does not require a reversal of the longitudinal field, as in an axisymmetric pinch. The reversal of q in the steady state is simplified substantially if the plasma conductivity increases at the periphery, e.g., as a result of heating.
High speed optical gate driver for wide band gap power transistors (2016)

This paper presents the design of a CMOS gate driver fabricated in 0.18 μm technology. Optical receivers are integrated to provide the highest dV/dt immunity. A configurable buffer with 7A current capability is also integrated. Two solutions of optical receivers and gate signal transfer are introduced. In both cases a particular attention is addressed to the delays and delay mismatches for high frequency converter applications. The effects of temperature, supply voltage and input photocurrent amplitude are investigated. Delay mismatches <;5ns are expected. This CMOS gate driver has shown by experiments high switching frequency operation (typically 1.5 MHz) with low overall propagation delays (<;25ns).
A reevaluation of the response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to certain growth factors (1983)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUV-EC) were isolated and maintained in pure culture on a fibronectin matrix with hypothalamic derived endothelial cell growth factor included in the culture medium. HUV-EC maintained under these conditions displayed only slight alterations in morphological appearance and continued to produce Factor VIII antigen. The cells showed an unaltered growth response to serum and added growth factors up to passage 16 (greater than 30 population doublings). We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) was potently mitogenic for HUV-EC, but only in the presence of endothelial cell growth factor. Also in contrast to a previous report, we were unable to demonstrate a potentiation of this response by human alpha-thrombin. Because of these discrepancies, we performed studies to determine if they might be explained by a difference in the interaction of our HUV-EC with EGF. In studies utilizing 125I-EGF as tracer probe, we determined that our HUV-EC have an EGF receptor number of 13,000 sites/cell with an apparent Kd-4.0 X 10(-9) M. In addition, receptor-bound 125I-EGF was rapidly internalized and degraded presumably by a lysosomally mediated pathway since degradation was complete to the amino acid level. These results are in agreement with those previously published and thus do not provide a basis on which to resolve discrepancies regarding the growth response of HUV-EC to various growth factors.
Detailed Phase Analysis and Crystal Structure Investigation of a Bi<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ca<sub><i>x</i></sub>FeO<sub>3−<i>x</i>/2</sub>Perovskite-Related Solid Solution Phase and Selected Property Measurements Thereof (2009)

A well-ordered, perovskite-related, Bi1−xCaxFeIIIO3−x/2 solid solution phase is synthesized via a rapid liquid phase sintering technique and shown to exist over the composition range ∼0.20 < x < ∼0.49. Two phase regions are shown to separate this phase from compositionally narrow end-member Bi1−xCaxFeIIIO3−x/2 solid solutions based on rhombohedral BiFeO3 and brownmillerite, Ca2Fe2O5, respectively. The wide range, non-stoichiometric phase is characterized by a well ordered, (in general) incommensurately modulated structure that varies systematically with composition. Mössbauer spectroscopy is used to verify the oxidation state of iron as (III), as well as showing the existence of three separate iron environments across the solid solution field. HRTEM imaging is used to develop a structural model for the phase at one particular composition. The magnetic, dielectric, and impedance properties of this solid solution phase are reported. Magnetic measurements show antiferromagnetic behavior. There is no change in either susceptibility or antiferromagnetic behavior with composition. Attempts at obtaining saturated ferroelectric loops failed due to high intrinsic conductivity. The phase is found to exhibit a low frequency impedance relaxation that is likely due to correlated oxygen vacancy hopping.
A Global Ionospheric Conductivity and Electron Density (ICED) Model (1990)

At the Fifth Ionospheric Effects Symposium, a paper was presented and published that described an operational Air Force Weather Service (AWS), near real-time, ionospheric specification model called Ionospheric Conductivity and Electron Density (ICED). That version of the model specified primarily the northern hemisphere midlatitude and auroral zone ionospheric regions and did not cover either the low latitude or high latitude/polar cap regions. We are making extensions and modifications to ICED that provide a global specification - in effect a GLOBAL ICED. Major additions include (1) specifications of electron and ion density profiles (90 to 1000 km) in the high latitude trough, auroral oval, and polar cap ionosphere in both northern and southern hemispheres, (2) midlatitude electron and ion density profiles that include magnetic declination effects, and (3) low latitude ionospheric specification that accounts for longitude control through differences in vertical E x B drift patterns. Since this model is driven by real-time data, we describe the various input parameters and how they are incorporated.
Call admission: dimensioning a single VBR video source using transition probability matrix (2002)

This paper describes a novel and simple comparison method for variable bit rate (VBR) video sources according to their average excess rate/frame. We present the parameter average excess rate/frame (/spl alpha/) as an alternative to the traditional parameters used in call admission, e.g. long term rate, variance, peak rate. We propose a way of calculating /spl alpha/ through the use of transition probability matrices (TPM) of VBR sources, specifically using their holding times and asymptotic mean occupancies. A useful property of the proposed algorithm is that it allows comparisons between TPMs of different sizes and VBR video sequences of different durations. This algorithm can serve as an aid in call admission for bandwidth allocation purposes.
Small interfering RNA for experimental cancer therapy. (2005)

RNA interference describes the recently discovered process of sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene silencing that is initiated by double-stranded RNA molecules known as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). siRNAs have an acceptable half-life in vitro, a predictable biodistribution profile similar to that of single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and have repeatedly been more robust than ASO techniques in terms of consistency of transcript knockdown and threshold concentration. Following validation in mammalian cells by Tuschl and co-workers in 2001, synthetic siRNAs have gained wide acceptance as a laboratory tool for target validation. Currently, there is considerable interest in the therapeutic use of siRNA, particularly in areas of infectious disease and cancer. In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate the efficacy of siRNA knockdown of gene messages that are pivotal for tumor cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, leading to tumor growth suppression. However, siRNA-based cancer therapy faces similar pharmacokinetic limitations to ASO therapy with respect to the extent that siRNA accesses primary and metastatic target cells. The recently identified 'off-target activity' of siRNAs is also of concern. The concept of carrier-restricted delivery of siRNA by conditionally replicative, oncolytic adenoviruses is discussed. Oncolytic adenoviral delivery offers the potential benefits of restricted and renewable siRNA expression within the tumor microenvironment, an additive antitumor outcome through viral oncolysis and siRNA-mediated oncogene silencing, and a proven clinical platform with respect to infectivity and safety.
Many-particle theory of all-optical polarization switching in semiconductor quantum wells (2003)

A microscopic many-body theory is used to analyze an all-optical polarization switching technique that has been demonstrated recently. The respective contributions of phase-space blocking and various exciton interaction and correlation terms to the switching process are calculated.