gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Area of Lattice Polygons (2006)

A lattice is a (rectangular) grid of points, usually pictured as occurring at the intersections of two orthogonal sets of parallel, equally spaced lines. The concept of Lattice theory and area measurement is explained.
The effect of Lactobacillus brevis isolated from Iranian traditional cheese on cutaneous wound healing in rats (2011)

Today, there is a great interest in healing cutaneous wounds. Probiotics are defined as different microorganisms that may have positive effects on preventing or treating special pathologic conditions. It is also possible to use probiotics in wound healing processes. Since much research has not been done on probiotics, this study is designed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus brevis on cutaneous wound healing. Twenty two strains of lactobacillus isolated from traditional dairy products of Iran are investigated for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production applying the phenol-sulfuric acid method.L. brevis selected for its high exopolysaccharide (EPS) and mucoid coloniese production. A full-thickness wound (1.5 × 1.5 cm) was made on the back of each rat (45 rats in 3 groups). Two groups of holding control and experimental ones treated by eucerin and eucerin containing L. brevis. Additionally, negative control groups did not receive anything. On days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 rats were killed and wound samples were collected for histological and statistical studies. On day 21, The percentage of wound healing (99.53%) and inflammation in the experimental groups compared with the control (90.55%) and negative control groups (91.14%) were significant (p<0.001). In contrast to the control and negative control groups, the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the experimental groups showed a faster reduction (p<0.01). The current study presented a significant decrease in inflammation and an acceleration of wound healing in L. brevis treated rats as compared to the control and negative control groups. Further studies are required to develop a detailed mechanism of L. brevis during cutaneous wound healing.
					
						 
					
						Key words: Cutaneous wound, exopolysaccharide, healing, Lactobacillus brevis, probiotic.
Emerging technologies for non-destructive quality evaluation of fruit (2006)

The development of science and technology, and especially of information technology, has made available many non-destructive methods for analysis of materials, which can also be applied to fruits. The fruit industry needs non-destructive techniques for on-line sorting and certifying high quality fruit. Electronic noses, acoustic methods and optical methods like near infrared spectroscopy are mentioned, and their applicability for fruit analysis is discussed. The principles and the application of time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) are more deeply described. TRS can measure separately and independently the optical properties (absorption coefficient μ a and transport scattering coefficient μ s ') at selected wavelengths in highly diffusive media. Absorption coefficient is related to chemical compounds, like pigments, while scattering coefficient is related to tissue structure and to air and water distribution. TRS has recently gained increasing use in biomedicine for the non-invasive investigation of biological tissues. It has also been used for optical characterization of fruit. TRS measurement is not influenced by color or other surface characteristics, because it probes a volume at a depth of 1-2 cm. Recent experiences of application with fruit are reported. In pears it was possible to detect brown heart (by μ a at 720 nm) and mechanical injury (by μ s ' at 720 nm), which were not visible externally. In apples, the scattering coefficient was related to pectin composition and to firmness after storage. In nectarines, by using μ a at 670 nm, high and low flavor fruit were selected and the softening during shelf life was predicted. The absorption at about 670 nm, near the chlorophyll peak, is also useful to evaluate maturity in apples and pears.
A branch and bound clustering algorithm (1995)

We discuss the clustering problem in a 0-1 matrix in this paper. Although clustering algorithms are available in the literature, many of them cannot produce a solution matrix in a desirable structure. Therefore, additional computation or user intervention is required to obtain submatrices (i.e., clusters) from a solution matrix. To solve the clustering problem effectively, we use a branch and bound approach. The proposed algorithm uses optimal and heuristic branching rules, and therefore, generates optimal and heuristic solutions, respectively. The comparative study shows that our algorithm not only is more efficient but also produces more reliable solutions than many existing algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effects of Alignment Quality, Distance Calculation Method, Sequence Filtering, and Region on the Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene-Based Studies (2010)

Pyrosequencing of PCR-amplified fragments that target variable regions within the 16S rRNA gene has quickly become a powerful method for analyzing the membership and structure of microbial communities. This approach has revealed and introduced questions that were not fully appreciated by those carrying out traditional Sanger sequencing-based methods. These include the effects of alignment quality, the best method of calculating pairwise genetic distances for 16S rRNA genes, whether it is appropriate to filter variable regions, and how the choice of variable region relates to the genetic diversity observed in full-length sequences. I used a diverse collection of 13,501 high-quality full-length sequences to assess each of these questions. First, alignment quality had a significant impact on distance values and downstream analyses. Specifically, the greengenes alignment, which does a poor job of aligning variable regions, predicted higher genetic diversity, richness, and phylogenetic diversity than the SILVA and RDP-based alignments. Second, the effect of different gap treatments in determining pairwise genetic distances was strongly affected by the variation in sequence length for a region; however, the effect of different calculation methods was subtle when determining the sample's richness or phylogenetic diversity for a region. Third, applying a sequence mask to remove variable positions had a profound impact on genetic distances by muting the observed richness and phylogenetic diversity. Finally, the genetic distances calculated for each of the variable regions did a poor job of correlating with the full-length gene. Thus, while it is tempting to apply traditional cutoff levels derived for full-length sequences to these shorter sequences, it is not advisable. Analysis of beta-diversity metrics showed that each of these factors can have a significant impact on the comparison of community membership and structure. Taken together, these results urge caution in the design and interpretation of analyses using pyrosequencing data.
Relationships between crop production and transpiration, evapotranspiration, and irrigation (1990)

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the voluminous information on the relationship between crop production and evapotranspiration. Soil water evaporation, deep percolation, runoff, and soil water recharge can result from irrigation but may not directly increase crop production. This chapter focusses on the crop production associated with transpiration and evapotranspiration with an extension to the relationship between crop production and applied irrigation water.
Preparation of Polyurethane Flexible Foam Nanocomposites by Incorporation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Nanoparticles Modified by Reaction Product of GPTS and APTS (2015)

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) nanocomposites is reported. In order to improving dispersion and preventing aggregation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, this material was modified by synthesized dipodal silane (ECA), the reaction product of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS). The chemical structure of synthesized ECA was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 HNMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. Magnetic flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites prepared by the incorporation of ECA-modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and characterized by their apparent density, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), magnetic properties analysis (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR spectra, respectively. The TEM and SEM images indicated that the nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in PUF matrix. Finally, it was confirmed that the thermal and magnetic properties of magnetic PUF nanocomposite depend on the amount of magnetic nanoparticles.
Organic Mercury Levels among the Yanomama of the Brazilian Amazon Basin (2003)

The Catrimani River basin in northern Brazil is the home of the Yanomama and has been the site of renegade gold mining since 1980. Gold-mining operations release inorganic mercury (Hg) into the environment where it is organified and biomagnified in aquatic ecosystems. Ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish poses a potential hazard to fish-eating populations such as the Yanomama. We surveyed Hg levels in Yanomama villagers living near mined and unmined rivers in 1994 and 1995, and analyzed Hg levels in piranha caught by villagers. In 1994, 90 Yanomama Indians from 5 villages and in 1995, 62 Yanomama Indians from 3 villages participated in the studies. Four villages surveyed in 1994 were located directly on the Catrimani River, approximately 140–160 km downstream from past gold-mining activities. The other village surveyed in 1994 was situated on the unmined Ajaraní River. In 1995, 2 of the Catrimani River villages were revisited, and a third Yanomama village, on the unmined Pacu River, was surveyed. Blood organic mercury levels among all villagers surveyed ranged from 0 to 62.6 µg L–1 (mean levels in each village between 21.2 µg L–1 and 43.1 µg L–1). Mercury levels in piranha from the mined Catrimani River ranged from 235 to 1084 parts per billion (ppb). Nine of 13 piranhas, measuring 30 cm or longer had total mercury levels which exceeded mercury consumption limits (500 ppb) set by both the World Health Organization and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Unexpectedly, high mercury levels were also observed in fish and villagers along the unmined Ajaraní and Pacu Rivers suggesting that indirect sources may contribute to environmental mercury contamination in the Amazon basin.
Regional Velocity-Depth Anomalies, North Sea Chalk: A Record of Overpressure and Neogene Uplift and Erosion (1998)

A normal velocity-depth trend for the Upper Cretaceous-Danian Chalk Group is determined by identifying interval-velocity data that represent maximum burial in areas unaffected by overpressuring; these data are derived from 845 wells throughout the North Sea Basin. Data from pelagic carbonate deposits on a stable plateau constrain the trend for shallow depths. Positive velocity anomalies relative to the trend are mapped along the western and eastern margins of the North Sea Basin, and reflect regional Neogene uplift and erosion of up to 1 km along the present-day limit of the Chalk. A hiatus at the base of the Quaternary increases in magnitude away from the basin center, where a complete Cenozoic succession is found. This hiatus is consistent in size with the missing section estimated from Chalk velocities when allowance is made for the Quaternary reburial of the Chalk. Negative velocity anomalies in the central and southern parts of the basin outline an area within which overpressures in the Chalk exceed 10 MPa, equivalent to a burial anomaly greater than 1 km relative to the normal trend. The Chalk pressure system is primarily dependent on overburden properties because retention of overpressure generated by the load of the upper overburden depends on the thickness and sealing quality of the lower overburden; therefore, the Chalk is considered to represent a regional aquitard, and the hydrodynamic model of long-distance migration within the Chalk is rejected. The Neogene uplift and erosion of the margins of the North Sea Basin and the rapid, late Cenozoic subsidence of its center fit into a pattern of late Cenozoic vertical movements around the North Atlantic.
Further Preparation of Substituted 2,6-Bis(2'-pyridyl)pyridines<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther Preparation of Substituted 2,6-Bis(2'-pyridyl)pyridines1FRANCIS H. CASE and WALTER A. BUTTECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4415–4418Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface Biofilm Disruption (1987)

Ultrasonic oscillation (sonication) of explanted vascular prosthetic graft material can disrupt surface biofilms and increase the recovery of adherent microorganisms. Recovery of microorganisms from vascular grafts was studied in a canine model of Staphylococcus epidermidis graft contamination (N = 26) and on graft material excised from patients undergoing femoral anastomotic pseudoaneurysm repair (N = 7). Surface biofilm disruption by sonication significantly increased the incidence of positive cultures of excised graft material compared with broth (P less than .010) and blood agar plate (P less than .005) culture techniques. The S epidermidis was recovered from 31% of the canine vascular grafts and 100% of the clinical specimens. The in vitro production of a glycocalyx "slime" was demonstrated in 73% of the recovered staphylococcal strains. The formation of an adherent bacteria biofilm on implanted vascular prostheses is not an uncommon occurrence and is an important factor in the pathogenesis of anastomotic pseudoaneurysm formation and late graft infection.
Singular Values and Singular Value Inequalities (2006)

Singular values and the singular value decomposition are defined in Chapter 5.6. Additional information on computation of the singular value decomposition can be found in Chapter 45. A brief history of the singular value decomposition and early references can be found in [HJ91, Chap. 3].
A high dynamic range data acquisition system for a solid-state electron electric dipole moment experiment (2012)

We have built a high precision (24-bit) data acquisition (DAQ) system capable of simultaneously sampling eight input channels for the measurement of the electric dipole moment of the electron. The DAQ system consists of two main components: a master board for DAQ control and eight individual analog-to-digital converter (ADC) boards for signal processing. This custom DAQ system provides galvanic isolation of the ADC boards from each other and the master board using fiber optic communication to reduce the possibility of ground loop pickup and attain ultimate low levels of channel cross-talk. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the DAQ system and scrutinize its performance.
LIFT ANALYSIS ON THE BOW SEAL OF THE SURFACE EFFECT SHIP TESTCRAFT XR-3 (1979)

Experimental test runs were conducted to determine lift forces acting on the bow seal of the captured air bubble testcraft, XR-3. These forces, plotted versus turn rate for varying center-of-gravity locations, are presented and analyzed. (Author)
Integrated camera motion compensation by real-time image motion tracking and image deconvolution (2006)

This paper presents the concept of a smart satellite pushbroom imaging system with internal compensation of attitude instability effects. The compensation is performed within the optical path by an active opto-mechatronic stabilization of the focal plane image motion in a closed loop system with visual feedback. Residual distortions are corrected by image deblurring through deconvolution. Both corrective actions are derived from a real-time image motion measurement which is based on an auxiliary matrix image sensor and an onboard optical correlator. The paper describes the principles of operation, the main system elements and gives detailed performance figures derived from a simulation performance model, which contains all relevant components of the smart imaging system
Funcionamiento y balance energético en agroecosistemas diversos (2009)

"Los resultados de este trabajo corresponden a los estudios sobre funcionamiento energético realizados en 20 fincas campesinas del municipio La Palma en Pinar del Río. Se evaluaron los indicadores siguientes: producción de energía, producción de proteínas, personas que puede alimentar la finca de acuerdo a los requerimientos energéticos y proteínas, así como la relación de unidades de energía insumidas/producidas. Para realizar el registro de datos y cálculos se utilizó el software Energía. Se arriba a la conclusión de que en las fincas estudiadas el balance energético está afectado principalmente por los insumos externos que se adquieren para fomentar la producción animal. Estos insumos corresponden a concentrados de alimentos que se utilizan para la cría de cerdos en la totalidad de los casos. Los insumos relacionados con cultivos no constituyen factores de peso, debido a que se utilizan en cantidades muy reducidas."
Androgen Receptor Functional Analyses by High Throughput Imaging: Determination of Ligand, Cell Cycle, and Mutation-Specific Effects (2008)

HT imaging-based multiplex screening will provide a rapid, systems-level analysis of compounds/RNAi that may differentially affect wild type AR or clinically relevant AR mutations.
Spatial Contrasts of Seasonal and Intraflock Broiler Litter Trace Gas Emissions, Physical and Chemical Properties (2010)

Comprehensive mitigation strategies for gaseous emissions from broiler operations requires knowledge of the litters' physical and chemical properties, gas evolution, bird effects, as well as broiler house management and structure. This research estimated broiler litter surface fluxes for ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Ancillary measurements of litter temperature, litter total N, ammonium (NH4+), total C content, moisture, and pH were also made. Grid sampling was imposed over the floor area of two commercial broiler houses at the beginning (Day 1), middle (Day 23), and end (Day 43) of a winter and subsequent summer flock housed on reused pine shavings litter. The grid was composed of 36 points, three locations across the width, and 12 locations down the length of the houses. To observe feeder and waterer (F/W) influences on the parameters, eight additional sample locations were added in a crisscross pattern among these automated supply lines. Color variograms illustrate the nature of parameter changes within each flock and between seasons. Overall trends for the NH3, N2O, and CO2 gas fluxes indicate an increase in magnitude with bird age during a flock for both summer and winter, but flux estimates were reduced in areas where compacted litter (i.e., caked litter or cake) formed at the end of the flocks (at F/W locations and in the fan area). End of flock gas fluxes were estimated at 1040 mg NH3 m(-2) h(-1), 20 mg N2O m(-2) h(-1), and 24,200 mg CO2 m(-2) h(-1) in winter; and 843 mg NH3 m(-2) h(-1), 18 mg N2O m(-2) h(-1)), and 27,200 mg CO2 m(-2) h(-1) in summer. The results of intensive sample efforts during winter and summer flocks, reported visually using contour plots, offer a resource to the poultry industry and researchers for creating new management strategies for improving production and controlling gas evolution. Particularly, efforts could focus on designing housing systems that minimize extremes in litter compaction. The extremes are undesirable with more friable litter prone to greater gas evolution and more compacted litter providing a slippery, disease-sustaining surface.
Infection in Arterial Reconstruction with Synthetic Grafts (1972)

SZILAGYI, D. EMERICK M.D.; SMITH, ROGER F. M.D.; ELLIOTT, JOSEPH P. M.D.; VRANDECIC, MARIO P. M.D. Author Information
Design patterns in enterprise (1996)

The Enterprise parallel programming system allows programmers to create, compile, execute, and debug parallel applications that execute over a network of workstations. The run-time system, which is responsible for the correct execution of user programs, was redesigned and re-implemented using object-oriented technology. This paper details the object-oriented components of the design where the Composite, Adapter, and Strategy design patterns were applied. 1. Introduction Design patterns are a popular tool among object-oriented designers and programmers to promote re-use of common elements in the design and implementation of programs [4]. Design patterns provide a general, applicationindependent solution to a particular class of problems. These patterns can be used as components in a much larger program. They allow designs to be described in high-level terms that can be understood and communicated easily, provided a common terminology can be found. Frameworks are one possible result o...
Bronchial Hyperreactivity to Prostaglandin F2α and Histamine in Patients with Asthma (1973)

The influence on airway conductance of inhaled aerosols of prostaglandin F(2)alpha (PGF(2)alpha), histamine, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was studied in 10 patients with spirometrically reversible bronchial asthma and in 10 healthy subjects with no history of lung disorder. Both groups responded with bronchoconstriction after inhalation of PGF(2)alpha but the asthmatic patients were about 8,000 times more sensitive to the compound than were the healthy controls. In the patients, but not in the controls, PGF(2)alpha often caused a long-standing decrease in airway conductance with symptoms resembling allergen-provoked asthmatic attacks. On the other hand, the patients showed less than a 10-fold increase in sensitivity to histamine, and the ratio of histamine: PGF(2)alpha doses causing a 50% decrease of airway conductance was 2.6:1 and 2,400:1 in controls and patients respectively. Inhalation of PGE(2) while moderately but consistently increasing airway conductance in controls, had a variable-occasionally slight bronchoconstrictive-effect in patients. The decrease in airway conductance by a given dose of PGF(2)alpha was little modified by the simultaneous inhalation of a 100-times higher PGE(2) dose. It is suggested that endogenous, locally formed PGF(2)alpha may play an important part in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.