gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological significance of the species differences in bupropion metabolism (1987)

Bupropion provided a dose-dependent prevention of tetrabenazine-induced sedation in mice but not rats. Bupropion was extensively metabolized in mice, rats, dogs and man. About 85% of the dose was excreted in urine of rats and man. The predominant metabolites in rat urine were side chain cleavage products of bupropion (m-chlorobenzoic acid) with a minor fraction consisting of basic side chain hydroxylated metabolites. Mice, dogs and man form a major side chain hydroxylated product (BW 306U) which appeared in higher concentration than bupropion in plasma of these species but not rats. The relatively high plasma levels of BW 306U in mice but not rats may account for the species difference in pharmacological response observed with bupropion.
대학생들의 다문화 인식 및 선행요인에 관한 연구 : 사회적 거리감, 외국인 이미지, 한국인 인정조건을 중심으로 (2011)

본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 다문화 인식과 그에 영향을 미치는 선행요인을 밝히는 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 고려한 다문화 인식 요인은 외국인에 대한 사회적 거리감, 외국인 이미지, 한국인 인정조건이었다. 이에 대한 선행요인으로는 권위주의, 자민족 중심주의, 인종차별, 외국인혐오, 외국인(범죄)에 대한 공포감을 연구했다. 자료수집은 전국 대학생 1,000명을 대상으로 이뤄졌으며, 전자메일 설문지법을 사용하여 데이터를 수집한 후, SPSS+15.0을 통해 분석했다. 주요 결과로는 첫째, 대학생들은 외국인집단에 따라 느끼는 사회적 거리감이 상이하게 나타났다. 특히, 서양 백인 선호 경향이 여전히 존재했고, 중국인과 외국인 근로자에 대해 상대적으로 사회적 거리감이 멀었다. 둘째, 외국인 집단별 이미지를 보면, 일본인과 외국인 유학생, 이주민 자녀 등에 대해서는 긍정적인 반면, 외국인 근로자, 동남아시아인, 흑인, 중국인 등에 대해서는 부정적이었다. 셋째, 한국인 인정조건에 대해서 대학생들은 대부분의 조사항목에 대해 중요하다고 응답했다. 하지만 일반 국민들을 대상으로 한 조사와 비교했을 때, ``혈연``보다는 ``한국인으로서의 의식``을 더 중시하는 차이점을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 위의 다문화 인식 요인들에 대한 선행요인들의 영향력을 검증했다. 이중 외국인(범죄)에 대한 공포가 외국인 이주민에 대한 부정적 인식을 형성하는 데 가장 큰 영향을 미친다는 점을 발견했다. 이런 연구결과를 보면 대학생들의 외국인 이주민에 대한 편견을 줄일 수 있도록 다문화에 대한 직·간접적인 경험 기회를 증대시킬만한 정부의 정책적 지원이 필요하다는 것으로 보인다. 더불어 후속연구에서 대학생들의 다문화 인식에 영향을 미치는 또 다른 선행요인들을 찾아낼 것을 제안한다.
Percepción de los enfermeros de urgencias acerca de la formación en ventilación mecánica no invasiva (2019)

Introduccion: Los trastornos respiratorios han aumentado en los ultimos anos debido al urbanismo creciente, al estilo de vida occidental y al 
cambio climatico. En relacion al tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria, actualmente, se ha extendido el uso de la ventilacion mecanica no 
invasiva (VMNI) en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarias (SUH). Al usar esta tecnica por personal entrenado, mejorara sin duda el pronostico de 
estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar el tipo de formacion y la importancia que atribuyen los enfermeros a la VMNI en los SUH. 
Material y Metodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La poblacion del estudio consta de 207 enfermeros de tres SUH de Castilla-La Mancha. La 
captacion fue a traves de los supervisores. Se realizo un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia, obteniendose una muestra final de 104. 
La intervencion consistio en cumplimentar un cuestionario sobre los conocimientos de VMNI para enfermeros de urgencias en octubre del 2018 
a traves del correo electronico o mensajeria instantanea. Para la tabulacion de datos y la realizacion de pruebas estadisticas y calculos 
necesarios se utilizo Microsoft Office Excel 2010® y SPSS 22.0 ®. 
Resultados: Solo un 13,5% ha realizado un curso de VMNI en los ultimos 4 anos. Dicha formacion es mas frecuente presencial y con una duracion 
de mas de 11 horas. El motivo mas comun por el que se realizo el curso fue para aumentar sus conocimientos. 
Conclusiones: El nivel de formacion sobre la VMNI puede ser mejorable. Los enfermeros que se forman en VMNI consideran tener un nivel de 
conocimientos superior para atender a estos pacientes.
Analysis of the reliability of package-on-package devices manufactured using various underfill methods (2008)

As next-generation electronic packages continue to dictate smaller devices and more functionality, package-on-package (POP) configurations have started to gain popularity in the SMT industry. These stacked package devices enable board space savings, simplified system design, enhanced performance, and lower pin count. Although POPs are experiencing rapid growth for certain applications such as mobile handsets, digital cameras, PDAs, and MP3 players, concerns over POP drop test and thermal cycling performance reliability issues have been raised. Recently, the electronics industry has gathered a great deal of POP reliability data to help optimize the POP manufacturing and application process. A number of studies and tests have been conducted to investigate the board-level reliability of POPs in relation to drop test and thermal cycling performance. The test conditions have examined packages manufactured with and without underfill and have also analyzed the impact of different underfill dispensing patterns (i.e. full underfill, cornerbond and edgebond) However, few papers discuss the effects of the underfilling strategy-such as undefilling the bottom component only or underfilling both top and bottom components, or the effects of solder alloy choice on the reliability of POP packaging. In this paper, the effects of underfill dispensing type and POP ball alloy type on the reliability of POP devices during drop testing and thermal cycle testing were evaluated. It was found that both underfill dispensing type and alloy type have a profound effect on POP reliability. The study results revealed that underfilling only the bottom component seems to have no significant contribution to POP drop test reliability. Underfilling both the top and bottom components yields better drop test performance than underfilling only the bottom component. In addition, the SAC105 (98.5%Sn + 1.0%Ag + 0.5%Cu) bump alloy shows better drop test performance than the SAC305 (96.5%Sn + 3.0%Ag + 0.5%Cu) alloy.
Mosaic: Policy Homomorphic Network Extension (2010)

With the advent of large-scale cloud computing infrastructure, network extension and migration has emerged as a major challenge in the management of modern enterprise networks. Many enterprises are considering extending or relocating their network components, in whole or in part, to remote, private and public data centers, in order to attain scalability, failure resilience, and cost savings for their network applications. In this paper, we conduct a first rigorous study on the extension and migration of an enterprise network while preserving its performance and security requirements, such as layer 2/layer 3 reachability, and middle-box traversal through load balancer, intrusion detection and ACLs. We formulate this increasingly important problem, present preliminary designs, and conduct experiments to validate the feasibility of our designs.
An Update Review of Saffron and its Active Constituents (1996)

This paper reviews the literature on recent research on the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of saffron (Crocus sativus) and its active constituents, mainly as antitumoral, hypolipidemic and tissue oxygenation enhancement agents.
Ocimum gratissimum Essential Oil and Its Isolated Compounds (Eugenol and Myrcene) Reduce Neuropathic Pain in Mice (2015)

Ocimum gratissimum is used in popular medicine to treat painful diseases. The antihypernociceptive properties of O. gratissimum essential oil and two of its active components (eugenol and myrcene) were tested in a model of neuropathic pain induced by a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. In tests to determine chronic antinociception, adult male C57BL/6 J mice were treated orally with corn oil (control group), O. gratissimum essential oil at doses of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg or eugenol or myrcene at doses of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 14 days after surgery. Pregabalin (20 mg/kg) was used as a standard in this study. The treatment with 20 and 40 mg/kg of O. gratissimum essential oil and at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg of the active components were able to promote antihypernociception in both mechanical (von Frey) and thermal (hot plate) tests. The treatment with the essential oil of the plant or eugenol was effective in reducing the levels of interleukin-1β in the sciatic nerve. Our findings demonstrate that O. gratissimum essential oil and its isolated active components possess antihypernociceptive activity in neuropathic pain models.
Low-voltage miller divide-by-three circuit integrated with a 1.5-GHz QVCO (2008)

In this work, the integration design of a low-voltage quadrature Miller divide-by-3 circuit are proposed and targeted for the UWB RF frequency synthesizer use. Some novel circuit schematics have been proposed and designed for the low-voltage operation. The chip was fabricated by a 0.18 mum RF-CMOS technology. The function of divide-by-3 has been successfully demonstrated together with the integration of a 1.5-GHz QVCO. Due to the parasitic capacitance loading, the measured output frequency finally has shifted to 448 MHz. The measured power consumption is about 34.8 mW drawn from the 1.2 V power supply.
Romania Looks West: An Analysis of Legislative Change in the Foreign Trade Sector During the Sixties (1971)

In a world that is constantly changing, the realm of EastWest relations has certainly been reflective of a whole new generation of thought that has emerged as to how communist and democratic systems can best co-exist in the future. It is the purpose of this Article to examine a unique aspect of the East-West relationship-legislative change and innovation in the foreign trade sector in an East Europe country. While we Americans are used to observing and discussing U.S. legislation quite closely and thoroughly, foreign legislative acts are, as a rule, unknown to us. Certainly, this phenomenon is not less true in the area of foreign trade where change occurs rapidly and often in response to international trading trends and procedures. This Article, then, attempts to explore foreign trade legislation in Romania during the 1960's. It seeks to trace a pattern of legislative development in Romania and to relate that development to her foreign policy initiatives and goals.
eNOS Gene Transfer Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 Activity (1999)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is a critical step in the development of neointima after angioplasty. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the basement membrane and the extracellular matrix, facilitating SMC migration. Transfer of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene to the injury site inhibits neointima formation. Neither the signaling pathways leading to NO-mediated inhibition of SMC migration and proliferation nor the alterations in these pathways have been characterized. We hypothesize that NO inhibits SMC migration in part by regulating MMP activity. To test this hypothesis, we transfected cultured rat aortic SMCs with replication-deficient adenovirus containing bovine eNOS gene and analyzed the conditioned medium for MMP activity. We observed that eNOS gene transfer significantly (P<0.05) inhibited SMC migration and significantly (P<0.05) decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the conditioned medium. Similarly, addition of the NO donor DETA NONOate and 8-bromo-cGMP to the culture medium significantly decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the conditioned medium collected 24 hours after treatment. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of the conditioned medium collected from eNOS gene-transfected SMCs showed a significant increase in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) levels. Our data suggest that NO decreases MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and increases TIMP-2 secretion, and this shifts the balance of MMP activity, which may favor the inhibition of cell migration because of inhibition of extracellular matrix degradation.
Relaxation par collisions d'échange de spin (1964)

On considère un système d'atomes (à un électron de valence) subissant des collisions d'échange de spin. On établit l'équation d'évolution de la matrice densité lorsqu'il n'existe qu'une seule sorte d'atomes et les équations d'évolution des matrices densités ρ1 et ρ2 des atomes 1 et 2, lorsque le système comporte deux sortes d'atomes. Dans le cas de collisions entre atomes différents, lorsque la polarisation électronique de l'atome 2 est maintenue nulle et que la cellule contient beaucoup plus d'atomes 2 que d'atomes 1, l'échange apparaît comme un processus de relaxation pour l'atome 1 ; on calcule l'évolution de plusieurs observables attachées à l'atome 1 : population d'un niveau hyperfin, aimantations longitudinales et transversales électroniques et nucléaires. L'équation de relaxation de la population d'un niveau hyperfin pour des collisions entre atomes identiques est enfin donnée.
Dispositions and Causes (2009)

Abstract In recent decades, the analysis of causal relations has become a topic of central importance in analytic philosophy. More recently, dispositional properties have also become objects of intense study. Both of these phenomena appear to be intimately related to counterfactual conditionals and other modal phenomena such as objective chance, but little work has been done to directly relate them. Dispositions and Causes contains ten essays by scholars working in both metaphysics and in philosophy of science, examining the relation between dispositional and causal concepts. Particular issues discussed include the possibility of reducing dispositions to causes, and vice versa; the possibility of a nominalist theory of causal powers; the attempt to reduce all metaphysical necessity to dispositional properties; the relationship between dispositions, causes, and laws of nature; the role of causal capacities in explaining the success of scientific inquiry; the grounding of dispositions and causes in objective chances; and the type of causal power required for free agency. The introductory chapter contains a detailed overview of recent work in the area, providing a helpful entry to the literature for non-specialists.
Synthesis of Oleoylethanolamide Using Lipase (2011)

An effective process for the enzymatic synthesis of oleoylethanolamide is described in this study. The process included purification of a commercial oleic acid product and then optimization of the reaction between the purified oleic acid and ethanolamine in the presence of hexane and a lipase. Under the optimal amidation reaction conditions identified, oleoylethanolamide was obtained with 96.6% purity. The synthesis was also conducted on a large scale (50 mmol of each of the reactants), and oleoylethanolamide purity and yield after crystallization purification were 96.1 and 73.5%, respectively. Compared to the previous studies, the current method of preparing high-purity oleoylethanolamide is more effective and economically feasible. The scalability and ease for such synthesis make it possible to study the biological and nutritional functions of the cannabinoid-like oleoylethanolamide in animal or human subjects.
Hard yet Tough Nanocomposite Coatings – Present Status and Future Trends (2007)

Abstract Toughness and hardness are important aspects for coating applications in manufacturing industry. Extensive theoretical and experimental efforts have been made to synthesize and study nanocomposite coatings with super hardness and high toughness. The materials can be hardened through various or combined hardening mechanisms. However, for engineering applications, coating toughness is as important as, if not more than, super hardness. At present, there is neither a standard test procedure, nor a standalone methodology for the assessment of thin film toughness. The determination of the toughness is still a difficult task, and very much a fully open problem. In this article, we review the hardening and toughening mechanisms of nanocomposite films, and the toughness characterization techniques. Based on these reviews, an outlook will be presented in the concluding remarks. magnified image
Evaluation of Particle Counter Technology for Detection of Fuel Contamination Detection Utilizing Fuel System Supply Point (2014)

Abstract : In June 2013 TARDEC evaluated an online light obscuration particle counter plumbed into a Fuel System Supply Point (FSSP) in conjunction with the Effective Energy for Expeditionary Operations Limited Objective Experiment (E2X LOE) at Fort A.P. Hill during the 2014 Quartermaster Liquid Logistics Exercise (QLLEX '14), to determine if air entrained in the fuel during the FSSP operation would affect the particle counter operation.
Modelling of the Interface Evolution During Si Layer Growth on a Partially Masked Substrate (2011)

High-quality thin Si layers obtained from the solution by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) can play a crucial role in photovoltaic applications. The laterally overgrown parts of the layer are characterized by a lower dislocation density than that of the substrate. The height and width of the layer depend on several factors, such as the technological conditions of liquid phase expitaxy (LPE), growth temperature, cooling rate and the geometry of the system (mask filling factor). Therefore, it is crucial to find the optimal set of technological parameters in order to obtain very thin structures with a maximum width (high aspect ratio). This paper presents a computational study of Si epilayer growth on a line-pattern masked silicon substrate from Si-Sn rich solution. To solve this problem, a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was applied. The concentration profile was calculated by solving the two dimensional diffusion equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The growth velocity was determined on the basis of gradients of concentration in the border of the interface. Si interface evolution from the opened window was demonstrated.
Engineering Secure Web Services (2013)

Web services are key components in the implementation of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), which must satisfy proper security requirements in order to be able to support critical business processes. Research works show that a large number of web services are deployed with significant security flaws, ranging from code vulnerabilities to the incorrect use of security standards and protocols. This chapter discusses state of the art techniques and tools for the deployment of secure web services, including standards and protocols for the deployment of secure services, and security assessment approaches. The chapter also discusses how relevant security aspects can be correlated into practical engineering approaches.
An HR Perspective: A Series on Management in Libraries Are There Weeds in Your Garden?--Can They be Cultivated or Should They be Plucked? (2007)

Comparing your organization to a garden may seem ludicrous but let’s take a closer look at your “garden.” When an organization is truly successful, every employee is a high performing individual. Unfortunately, most organizations have a few “weeds” and what happens when these are left unattended? The weeds in this instance aren’t the problem\nemployees. Those you can handle through discipline procedures or termination. The weeds here blend in somewhat and aren’t as easily identified. They are the marginal or mediocre employees. By definition, marginal\nmeans “on the edge.” In organizational terms,\nmarginal employees are those employees who live on the edge of “being productive." They exist because the organization has allowed them to do so.
Co-Designing a Scalable Quantum Computer with Trapped Atomic Ions (2016)

The first generation of quantum computers are on the horizon, fabricated from quantum hardware platforms that may soon be able to tackle certain tasks that cannot be performed or modelled with conventional computers. These quantum devices will not likely be universal or fully programmable, but special-purpose processors whose hardware will be tightly co-designed with particular target applications. Trapped atomic ions are a leading platform for first generation quantum computers, but are also fundamentally scalable to more powerful general purpose devices in future generations. This is because trapped ion qubits are atomic clock standards that can be made identical to a part in 10^15, and their quantum circuit connectivity can be reconfigured through the use of external fields, without modifying the arrangement or architecture of the qubits themselves. In this article we show how a modular quantum computer of any size can be engineered from ion crystals, and how the wiring between ion trap qubits can be tailored to a variety of applications and quantum computing protocols.
Vitrification of mouse ovaries using ethylene glycol and DMSO as cryoprotectants: histopathological evaluation (2007)

Ten, 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to either control (non-vitrified, n = 5) or treatment (vitrified, n = 5) groups. Ovaries in the vitrified group were frozen sequentially by immersion into two vitrification solutions VS1: 10% ethylene glycol (EG) + 10% DMSO in holding medium (TCM-199 + 20% FBS) and VS2: 20% EG + 20% DMSO in holding medium. After thawing at 37 °C in 1.0 M sucrose, vitrified as well as non-vitrified ovaries were serially sectioned and examined histopathologically. The proportion of atretic follicles between non-vitrified and vitrified samples was significantly different (36.5 vs. 78.9%, P<0.001). No statistical difference due to vitrification was observed for the percentage of small follicles between the two experimental groups. In contrast, the rate of atresia for the growing and antral follicles in the vitrified ovaries was statistically higher than in the non-vitrified group (70.1 vs. 30.6%, P<0.001). Although many antral follicles were atretic following vitrification, sufficient follicles, especially small class, survived. Therefore, vitrification using EG and DMSO is an efficient procedure for cryopreservation of ovaries.
Pure Shift NMR Spectroscopy (2014)

Pure shift NMR spectroscopy, or broadband homonuclear decoupled NMR spectroscopy, produces NMR spectra that contain only chemical shift information. In a pure shift NMR spectrum the effects of J-coupling are hidden so that all multiplets are collapsed to singlets. Pure shift methods can deliver a significant improvement in resolution of NMR signals and greatly reduce signal overlap. Pure shift NMR can be achieved using direct or indirect acquisition; for direct acquisition, real-time- or interferogram-based FID collection can be used. The range of pure shift methods includes those that refocus the effects of J-coupling (BIRD, Zangger–Sterk, band selective decoupling, and anti z-COSY); manipulate the evolution of chemical shift within a constant time delay to keep the J-evolution in an indirect acquisition constant; or extract a 1-D spectrum from a 2-D J dataset. The methods and their mechanisms in weakly coupled systems are described using the product operator formalism. Examples are provided for a range of applications.