gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sol–gel analogous aminolysis–ammonolysis of chlorosilanes to chlorine-free Si/(C)/N–materials (2009)

Large amounts of chlorosilanes, especially SiCl4 and CH3SiCl3, are produced as side-products of the industrial fabrication of solar or electronic grade silicon and the Müller-Rochow process. It was a goal of the present study to transform these compounds into useful chlorine-free precursors for Si/(C)/N ceramics via a sol-gel analogous liquid processing route. Chlorine substitution of the chlorosilanes (mixtures) with diethylamine did not yield chlorine-free products, complete reactions are only possible with lithium diethylamide. However, aminolyses with n-propylamine were successful. Transamination with ammonia was not possible with diethylaminosilanes but was with n-propylaminosilanes in various solvents. This result was attributed to steric reasons and polar interactions of the N-H groups. Colourless solid or liquid polysilazanes were obtained, depending on the silane (mixture) and the solvent. Transamination reactions of CH3Si(NH-n-Pr)3 in chloroform reproducibly yielded a cage-like oligosilazane of the composition (CH3)9Si9(NH)12N. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed a seven-cyclic cluster containing four six- and three ten-membered silazane rings. This unique silazane cage as well as the other aminosilanes and the silazanes were comprehensively characterised using multi-nuclear solid state and solution NMR, elemental analyses and thermal gravimetry (TGA).
Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy Treated with Ipilimumab Therapy (2013)

Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a rare autoimmune syndrome in patients with melanoma characterized by visual disorders. MAR is induced by the degeneration of bipolar cells of the retina and the presence of serum autoantibodies against retina proteins. Ipilimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody, improves survival in previously treated patients with metastatic melanoma, but is responsible for a spectrum of immune-related adverse events. Administration of ipilimumab to patients with autoimmune diseases (such as MAR or vitiligo) is actually not recommended. We report a patient presenting with MAR occurring during a melanoma relapse. Surgery and chemotherapy had no effect on visual acuity and melanoma increased. In the absence of alternative antitumoral treatment, we focused on the vital prognosis and treated the patient with ipilimumab. Two years after the treatment the patient is free from new metastasis but has presented with exacerbation of vitiligo and MAR. In the very rare case of melanoma with autoimmune disease without a therapy option, ipilimumab could be discussed, taking into account the fact that it can be effective on tumor burden but can also increase autoimmunity.
Vacuum-insulated-gate field-effect transistor (1989)

A vacuum-insulated-gate field-effect transistor (V1GFET) is fabricated using a modified polysilicon-gate MOS process. The vacuum insulation is formed by first selectively etching the initial SiO2 layer under the polysilicon gate in HF and then depositing LPCVD SiO2 (LTO) to seal the evacuated cavity under the gate. Initial measurements of n-channel FET drain characteristics result in an effective value for the channel-electron mobility × gate capacitance product of k' = μnC' = 21μAV-2, comparable to that of conventional MOSFETs.
Quantitative mechanical property mapping at the nanoscale with PeakForce QNM (2010)

1has long been recognized as a useful tool for measuring mechanical properties of materials. Until recently though, it has been impossible to achieve truly quantitative material property mapping with the resolution and convenience demanded by SPM researchers. A number of recent SPM mode innovations have taken aim at these limitations, and now, with the release of PeakForce QNM™ by Veeco, it is possible to identify material variations unambiguously and at high resolution
Xenon charge exchange cross sections for electrostatic thruster models (2002)

Charge exchange between xenon ions and xenon atoms is the source of a detrimental low energy plasma in the vicinity of electrostatic spacecraft thrusters. Proper modeling of charge-exchange induced spacecraft interactions requires knowledge of the respective charge-exchange cross sections. Guided-ion beam measurements and semiclassical calculations are presented for xenon atom charge-exchange collisions with Xe+ and Xe2+ at energies per ion charge ranging from 1 to 300 eV. The present measurements for the symmetric Xe++Xe exchange system are in good agreement with several earlier experimental studies and semiclassical calculations based on the most recently computed Xe2+ interaction potentials. The cross sections are ∼30% higher than predictions by the Rapp and Francis model [D. Rapp and W. E. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2631 (1962)]. The present Xe2++Xe symmetric charge exchange measurements are the first to cover the ion energy range from 40 to 600 eV. The cross sections are in good agreement with low-energy drift tube measurements and are significantly lower than previous higher energy measurements. A simple model for symmetric two-electron transfer is proposed that is in good agreement with the present measurements. The onset for the asymmetric charge-exchange process, Xe2++Xe→2Xe+, is observed to be at 10 eV. For this process, a cross section of 2.8±0.9 Å2 is measured for a Xe2+ energy of 600 eV.
The Reaction of Formaldehyde with Cellulosic Fibers (1956)

The effects of an acid-catalyzed formaldehyde treatment on such mechanical proper ties as breaking strength and crease recovery have been determined for three cellulosic fabrics: cotton, Fortisan, and viscose rayon. Samples of these materials, treated under a selected set of conditions, were compared with three "controls": untreated fabric, fabric treated with distilled water under the conditions of the formaldehyde treatment, and fabric treated with the acid solution used in the formaldehyde treatment under the same conditions. The two-dimensional load-elongation behavior of the fabrics was investi gated, and comparisons were made with the results of corresponding one-dimensional tests. The mechanical properties of single fibers and yarns taken from the variously treated fabrics were also measured. In general, cotton fabrics showed a deterioration in mechanical properties due to formaldehyde cross-linking with respect to the acid-treated control, while correspond ingly, Fortisan and viscose rayon were improved by such treatment. In the case of cotton fibers and fabrics, it was found that the formaldehyde treatment had reduced the fiber and fabric elastic moduli with respect to the acid-treated control, although the formaldehyde treatment had also reduced correspondingly the fiber and fabric breaking strains. The deterioration in mechanical properties caused by hydrochloric acid was most marked in the case of Fortisan. It was found that generally the properties of single fibers, yarns, and fabrics are closely related. The improvement in crease recovery caused by the formaldehyde treatment was great est for cotton, less for Fortisan, and least for viscose rayon. These different responses to the cross-linking reaction appear to be related to the different states of internal order of the three cellulosic fibers. Crease-recovery tests carried out on all the variously treated fabrics showed that marked improvements in crease recovery were usually ob tained only with those treated at an initial pad-bath pH of 2.0, which indicates that a high degree of cross-linking of the hydroxyl groups in the amorphous regions of the fibers is necessary to achieve high degrees of crease recovery.
Polarimetry-based method to extract geometry-independent metrics of tissue anisotropy (2010)

Recently, we have used polarimetry as a method for assessing the linear retardance of infarcted myocardium. While linear retardance reflects tissue anisotropy, experimental geometry has a confounding effect due to dependence of the linear retardance on the orientation of the sample with respect to the probing beam. Here, polarimetry imaging of an 8mm diameter birefringent polystyrene sphere of known anisotropy axis was used to test a dual-projection method by which the anisotropy axis and its true magnitude can be reconstructed, thus eliminating the confounding effect of anisotropy axis orientation. Feasibility is demonstrated in ex-vivo tissue imaging.
Finite Element Simulation of an Automotive Brake Rotor With Metallic Damping Inserts (2010)

A finite element method is developed for simulating the performance of an automotive brake rotor with metallic inserts that are used to dampen the vibration and radiated noise response. The metallic inserts are located in slots that are cast at the edge of the rotor circumference between the two rotor surfaces. Three different rotor configurations are evaluated: (a) an undamped solid rotor, (b) a damped rotor with an unconstrained press-fit metallic insert, and (c) a damped rotor with a constrained cast-in coated metallic insert. Comparisons of the predicted versus measured rotor surface vibration and radiated sound pressure are made to evaluate the effect of the insert and the accuracy of the finite element method. The comparisons show that significant modal damping of the rotor vibration and radiated noise can be achieved through the use of the coated metallic insert. A methodology is developed and applied to evaluate the damping of different metallic inserts and coatings from only the radiated sound pressure response.
Application of Robotics in General Surgery: What Have We Learned After 468 Robotic-Assisted Surgical Procedures? (2006)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, e-mail: [email protected] MIRA (Minimally Invasive Robotics Association) 1st International Congress Innsbruck, Austria December 7th–10th, 2005
Characterization of aroma‐impact compounds in cold‐pressed grapefruit oil using time–intensity GC–olfactometry and GC–MS (2001)

Abstract Thirty‐eight aroma‐active compounds were detected in commercial cold‐pressed grapefruit oil using a time–intensity GC–olfactometry procedure. Identification of the aroma‐active components was based on the combination of sensory descriptors, linear retention index values from DB‐Wax and DB‐1 columns and GC–MS data. Thirteen flavour components, which had not been previously reported in grapefruit oil, were identified. Compounds with the greatest aroma intensities include: 1,8‐cineole, octanal, dodecanal, trans ‐4,5‐epoxy‐( E )‐2‐decenal, β‐sinensal and nootkatone. The aroma activities of sulphur compounds such as 4‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanol and methional were surprisingly low and neither of the two putative grapefruit aroma impact compounds, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone and 1‐ p ‐menthene‐8‐thiol, was detected. Over 200 volatiles have been reported in grapefruit oil, but only 38 have significant aroma activity and 22 of these can be considered major aroma impact compounds. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 136-Atom Structure of ZrP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and HfP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> from Powder Diffraction Data (2006)

There has been considerable debate in the literature about the true room-temperature structure of ZrP2O7 and related materials. In this article we describe how a combination of information from solid-state 31P NMR and powder diffraction data can be used to determine the structure of this 136 unique-atom material. The structure has been solved using a combination of simulated annealing and Rietveld refinement performed simultaneously on X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Despite the close to cubic metric symmetry of the material, we show how its true orthorhombic structure (space group Pbca) can be refined to a high degree of precision.
Developing a Common Print Application Architecture (2001)

The development of a new print platform requires a solid understanding of customer needs. As part of the development process for the Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 Network Imaging System, a strategy of having a common platform for a wide variety of print needs was developed, thus providing customers a great deal of flexibility. Previous solutions had been targeted at either document printing or page printing workflows.To meet the requirements, a total system viewpoint needed to be developed, and a strong understanding of potential trade-offs required to be made in the process. This includes not only front end workflow, but also digital finishing attributes of the system.
Fiber mat deformation in liquid composite molding. I: Experimental analysis (1993)

Abstract When a resin in injected into the mold in liquid composite molding, the preplaced fiber mat may deform near the inlet gate because of the high momentum carried by the injected fluid. A fiber free region near the gate followed by the fiber mat deformation may emerge. This phenomenon is most likely to occur when the stacked fiber mats have low permeability and the resin has high viscosity. A set of mold filling experiments were carried out using an instrumented metal mold and a small transparent mold to investigate the fiber mat deformation during mold filling. Experimental results showed that the fiber mat deformation was limited to a small region near the gate and that deformation greatly reduced the molding pressure. A forced fiber mat deformation employing a modified gate design was proposed to facilitate mold filling in liquid composite molding.
Relationship Between Pacemaker Dependency and the Effect of Pacing Mode on Cardiovascular Outcomes (2001)

This study demonstrated that UHR at first follow-up has an important influence on how pacing mode selection affects cardiovascular death and total mortality. Pacemaker-dependent patients with low UHR will probably be paced frequently and will likely benefit from physiological pacing. In contrast, non-pacemaker-dependent patients will likely be paced infrequently and may not benefit from physiological pacing.
Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of<i>Brassica</i>straw treated with the aerobic fungus,<i>Trametes versicolor</i> (2011)

Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g −1 of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.
Pulmonary embolism: the role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (1997)

The technological progress in Computed Tomography (CT) (spiral and electron beam) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI fast sequences) has stimulated their interest in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism (PE). They are noninvasive procedures able to identify thrombi up to the level of segmental pulmonary branches. This result, albeit not ideal, is significant, in view of the lower clinical relevance of peripheral emboli as compared to more central locations, especially in the absence of peripheral venous thrombosis. Spiral CT allows satisfactory assessment of pulmonary branches with high sensitivity (65-100%), specificity (89-96%), positive predictive value (95%) and negative predictive value (80-100%) in the diagnosis of PE. MRI with spin-echo sequences has also a satisfactory sensitivity (75-90%), specificity (up to 100%), positive predictive value (86%) and negative predictive value (85%). Recently, MR angiography was shown to be able to depict smaller pulmonary branches (6th and 7th generation), even if its efficacy in the identification of emboli has not been demonstrated as yet. CT and MRI are bound to play an increasingly relevant role in the diagnosis of PE.
Physical-layer encryption on the public internet: a stochastic approach to the Kish-Sethuraman cipher (2013)

While information-theoretic security is often associated with the one-time pad and quantum key distribution, noisy transport media leave room for classical techniques and even covert operation. Transit times across the public internet exhibit a degree of randomness, and cannot be determined noiselessly by an eavesdropper. We demonstrate the use of these measurements for information-theoretically secure communication over the public internet.
NF-κB-Induced Loss of <i>MyoD</i> Messenger RNA: Possible Role in Muscle Decay and Cachexia (2000)

MyoD regulates skeletal muscle differentiation (SMD) and is essential for repair of damaged tissue. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is activated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a mediator of skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia. Here, the role of NF-kappaB in cytokine-induced muscle degeneration was explored. In differentiating C2C12 myocytes, TNF-induced activation of NF-kappaB inhibited SMD by suppressing MyoD mRNA at the posttranscriptional level. In contrast, in differentiated myotubes, TNF plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) signaling was required for NF-kappaB-dependent down-regulation of MyoD and dysfunction of skeletal myofibers. MyoD mRNA was also down-regulated by TNF and IFN-gamma expression in mouse muscle in vivo. These data elucidate a possible mechanism that may underlie the skeletal muscle decay in cachexia.
JADE-FSM-Engine: A Deployment Tool for Flexible Agent Behaviours in JADE (2007)

Multiagent systems (MAS) are a promising software development paradigm for complex and dynamic application domains. However, building effective MAS software requires models, mechanisms and tools that support the flexible and precise specification and implementation of MAS, specifically agent behaviours. MAS should be designed highly flexible capable of adapting to changes in their environment and user needs. JADE platform provides limited support for constructing and coordinating complex agent behaviours by employing the FSM model. Our experiences motivated us to build the JADE-FSM-Engine as a JADE add-on, extending and augmenting the native JADE FSM Behaviour. This add-on enables easy runtime configuration and reconfiguration of JADE agents, improving flexibility and adaptability of MAS implementations. A simple example illustrates this flexibility.
Basic binary state-space model for time-varying communication channels: uncertainty and information capacity (2007)

This paper looks at capacity achieving detection strategies for information transfer over time-varying channels. The time-varying binary symmetric channel (TV-BSC) is identified as the basic binary state-space model. Separation of entropies principles and the TV-BSC model-based state-space approach are used to determine the performance bounds for coherent and non-coherent detection over time-varying communication channels. The mutual information rate over the TV-BSC, assuming channel estimation in the presence of channel noise, is shown to be below the channel information capacity because of lack of perfect channel knowledge. Furthermore, it is shown that TV-BSC model-based differential detection has a fundamental advantage over the channel estimation based detection since it theoretically preserves the TV-BSC information capacity when the observation interval approaches infinity. Simulation analysis corroborates the theoretical results, showing that multiple-symbol differential detection practically achieves the TV-BSC capacity in just a few symbol observation times.
Hepatitis C Virus–Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Response after Liver Transplantation Occurs Early, Is Multispecific, Compartmentalizes to the Liver, and Does Not Correlate with Recurrent Disease (2001)

The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4+ T cells in recurrent HCV infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) is unclear. In parallel, 73 intrahepatic and 73 blood-derived T cell lines were established from 34 patients. At a single cell level, virus-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma production to various HCV proteins was determined by ELISPOT assay: 45 (62%) of 73 liver- or blood-derived T cell lines produced IFN-gamma in response to one of the HCV antigens. HCV specificity was detected mainly in the liver (47% vs. 23% in the blood; P<.05, chi(2) test) and was detectable earlier (< or =6 months) significantly more often than later (>6 months) after OLTx (78% vs 49%; P<.05, chi(2) test). Histology, histologic activity index, liver enzymes, and virus load did not correlate with the occurrence of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells. Despite strong immunosuppressive treatment, OLTx recipients can develop an early, multispecific, preferentially intrahepatic CD4+ T cell response that decreases over time, making it a potential candidate target for novel therapeutic approaches in the transplant setting.
Study on the Structure of 5,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavanones (1985)

Journal Article Study on the Structure of 5,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavanones Get access Shigeyuki Mizobuchi Shigeyuki Mizobuchi Applied Bioscience Laboratory, Kirin Brewing Co., 3-Miyahara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 7, 1 July 1985, Pages 2195–2196, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867048 Published: 01 July 1985 Article history Received: 27 November 1984 Published: 01 July 1985
A Systematic Review of the Current Role of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in the Management of Metastatic Spine Disease (2011)

Although increasingly aggressive decompression and resection methods have resulted in improved outcomes for patients with metastatic spine disease, these aggressive surgeries are not feasible for patients with numerous comorbid conditions. Such patients stand to benefit from management via minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS), given its association with decreased perioperative morbidity. We performed a systematic review of literature with the goal of evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of MIS in the setting of metastatic spine disease. Results suggest that MIS is an efficacious means of achieving neurological improvement and alleviating pain. In addition, data suggests that MIS offers decreased blood loss, operative time, and complication rates in comparison to standard open spine surgery. However, due to the paucity of studies and low class of available evidence, the ability to draw comprehensive conclusions is limited. Future investigations should be conducted comparing standard surgery versus MIS in a prospective fashion.