gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scientific computing: an introduction with parallel computing (1993)

The world of scientific computing linear algebra parallel and vector computing polynomial approximation continuous problems solved discretely direct solution of linear equations parallel direct methods relaxation-type iterative methods conjugate gradient-type methods.
Cross-polarization Response of a Two-contact Photoconductive Terahertz Detector (2011)

The cross-polarization response of a two-contact photoconductive terahertz (THz) detector, is experimentally found in the polarization state measurement of THz radiation in THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It means that this detector responded to a mixture of the two polarization components of THz radiation and such a response is frequency dependent. To evaluate this response quantitatively, three parameters are presented and measured. In the measurement of THz-TDS, such a detector response will result in the distortion of the measured THz spectrum. As a consequence, it will reduce the dynamic range of the system in some frequency bands. In some special cases, it may even lead to a fake absorption peak in the THz spectrum. Furthermore, when such a detector is used to measure the polarization state of THz radiation with the assistance of THz polarizers, it will be impossible to decide the optimum orientations of the polarizers as its cross-polarized response is frequency dependent. Finally, we experimentally demonstrated that this effect could be partially eliminated by adjusting the focusing condition of the probe laser beam on the antenna.
-Aminobutyric Acid and Homovanillic Acid Concentration in the CSF of Patients With Senile Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (1984)

The investigation of enzyme and neurotransmitter levels and/or their metabolites in the CSF of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) could become a promising approach for a clinical research and diagnostic procedure. To learn more about the metabolic reflections of central metabolism in the CSF of patients with SDAT, we measured CSF levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), the dopamine metabolite. In 16 female patients with SDAT and in eight matched control patients, CSF GABA levels were measured by ion exchange with fluorimetric detection, and HVA levels were measured fluorimetrically. The GABA content of the CSF was significantly reduced in patients with SDAT, whereas the HVA level was unchanged.
Singapore Buona Vista Masterplan Competition, Singapore (2011)

Abstract A plan for an IT‐based research city in Singapore provided Toyo Ito & Associates with the unique opportunity to rethink urban typology. In a project that revives some of the ideas of 1960s metabolism, Ito recasts architecture and infrastructure in a unified structure that envisions the city environment as a ‘neuron‐like network of sequences’.
A Comparison of Six Procedures for Compatibility Testing (1979)

Six procedures for compatibility testing were compared, using red blood cells sensitized in normal saline, albumin or low-ionic strength saline (LISS) combined with either broad spectrum or anti-IgG antiglobulin testing (AGT). Despite shortened incubation times, tests employing LISS were as sensitive as those with albumin and broad spectrum AGT and more sensitive than the other four combinations. No false positive results were found. LISS technique with broad spectrum AGT appears to be suitable and superior for routine antibody detection and compatibility tests.
THE ALLEN REPORT ON NEW YORK CITY SCHOOLS (1964)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsHuman RelationsComplete text of report by the State Education Commission's Advisory Committee on Human Relations and Community Tensions, Desegregating the Public Schools of New York City, May 12, 1964. The State Commissioner of Education is Dr. James E. Allen, Jr. Members of his Advisory Committee are Judah Cahn, Rabbi, Metropolitan Synagogue, Kenneth B. Clark, Professor of Psychology at the College of the City of New York, and John H. Fischer, chairman. President, Teachers College, Columbia University. The report was prepared with the assistance of the Institute of Urban Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University. Omitted are an intra‐14 duction and statistical appendices.
Effects of Partial Reinforcement with Attitudinal Statements on a Lever-Raising Response (1976)

The effect of partial reinforcement on extinction was investigated in a free operant procedure, using similar attitude statements, dissimilar attitude statements, neutral statements of fact, and blank cards as reinforcers. A group partially rein forced with similar statements was more resistant to extinction than a group continuously reinforced. This effect was also found with dissimilar statements. No partial reinforcement effect was found with neutral statements or blank cards.
Blockchain for agriculture and food : Findings from the pilot study (2017)

This report documents experiences and findings from the public private partnership (PPP) project 'Blockchain for Agrifood' that was started in March 2017. The project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the blockchain technology (BCT) and its implications for agrifood, especially how it can impact specific aspects of supply chains and what is needed to apply BCT in agrifood chains. A second aim of this project is to conceptualise and develop a proof of concept in an application based on a use case concerning table grapes from South Africa where BCT could be applied. This has been done by building a demonstrator that keeps track of different certificates involved in the table grapes supply chain. The code of this demonstrator is published at Github. 1 Furthermore, the project explored issues regarding the relevance, applicability and implications of BCT for the agrifood sector through literature study and stakeholder consultation.
Postoperative Voiding Dysfunction Following Posterior Colporrhaphy (2011)

In this study, the rate of postoperative transient urinary retention following posterior colporrhaphy is 32.4%, which is significantly higher than the rate observed following suburethral sling placement. Although the reason for this higher rate is unclear, it may be related to postoperative pain. Although it is standard practice to assess voiding function after suburethral sling placement, the findings of our study suggest that physicians should also consider assessing postoperative voiding function following posterior colporrhaphy.
Mid-wave/long-wave infrared dual-octave hyperspectral imaging spectrometer (2004)

SSGPO has developed a novel dual octave hyperspectral imaging spectrometer. To address the critical parameters of weight, volume and power consumption the system concept combines ultralightweight Sic optics and structures for front-end telescope and spectrometer, emerging dual-band FPA technology and micro dewar I electronics to form the sensor engine and a novel spectrometer ,design form which utilizes the first and second diffractive orders from a flat blazed grating. An all aluminum ground demonstration spectrometer was designed, fabricated and tested. This cost effective hardware solution consisted of a 4-mirror spectrometer design form with a replicated flat blazed grating, B2.35 at the slit and f/4 at the image plane. The optical design provided hyperspectral imagery in two spectral bands simultaneously, 3.5 to 6 microns (mid-wave infrared) and 7 to 12 microns (long-wave infrared) for a focal plane array format of 320 spectral bands and 240 spatial bands. The delivered hardware provided U10 RMS wavefront error at 3 microns. The dual octave spectrometer provides a significant improvement in the weight, volume, and power requirements for hyperspectral imaging spectrometers. This development will enable next generation surveillance and reconnaissance optical instruments for space and air based platforms.
Comparative Approach of the de novo Fatty Acid Synthesis (Lipogenesis) between Ruminant and Non Ruminant Mammalian Species: From Biochemical Level to the Main Regulatory Lipogenic Genes (2010)

Over the second half of 20(th) century much research on lipogenesis has been conducted, especially focused on increasing the production efficiency and improving the quality of animal derived products. However, many diferences are observed in the physiology of lipogenesis between species. Recently, many studies have also elucidated the involvement of numerous genes in this procedure, highlighting diferences not only at physiology but also at the molecular level. The main scope of this review is to point out the major differences between ruminant and non ruminant species, that are observed in key regulatory genes involved in lipogenesis. Human is used as a central reference and according to the findinggs, main differences are analysed. These findings could serve not only as basis for understanding the main physiology of lipogenesis and further basic research, but also as a basis for any animal scientist to develop new concepts and methods for use in improving animal production and modern genetic improvement.
Genetic Differentiation in the African Malaria Vector,<i>Anopheles gambiae</i>s.s., and the Problem of Taxonomic Status (2002)

Abstract Of the seven recognized species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, A. gambiae s.s. is the most widespread and most important vector of malaria. It is becoming clear that, in parts of West Africa, this nominal species is not a single panmictic unit. We found that the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the X-linked rDNA has two distinct sequences with three fixed nucleotide differences; we detected no heterozygotes at these three sites, even in areas of sympatry of the two ITS types. The intergenic spacer (IGS) of this region also displays two distinct sequences that are in almost complete linkage disequilibrium with the distinct ITS alleles. We have designated these two types as S/type I and M/type II. These rDNA types correspond at least partly to the previously recognized chromosomal forms. Here we expand the geographic range of sampling to 251 individuals from 38 populations. Outside of West Africa, a single rDNA type, S/type I, corresponds to the Savanna chromosomal form. In West Africa, both types are often found in a single local sample. To understand if these findings might be due to unusual behavior of the rDNA region, we sequenced the same region for 46 A. arabiensis, a sympatric sibling species. No such distinct discontinuity was observed for this species. Autosomal inversions in one chromosome arm (2R), an insecticide resistance gene on 2L, and this single X-linked region indicate at least two genetically differentiated subpopulations of A. gambiae. Yet, rather extensive studies of other regions of the genome have failed to reveal genetic discontinuity. Evidently, incomplete genetic isolation exists within this single nominal species.
The Barycenter Heuristic and the Reorderable Matrix (2005)

this paper is to discuss the role of the barycenter heuristic in ordering the rows and columns of the matrix. So far, the barycenter heuristic has been mainly used in graph drawing algorithms. In order to gain full advantage of the barycenter heuristic in ordering rows and columns of the reorderable matrix, we survey its use in various contexts and recall the theoretical results obtained
Growth and technological development of the Korean shipbuilding industry (2012)

Song, Sungsoo.March, 2012.Growth and technological development of the Korean shipbuilding industry,Articles,SeoulScience and Technology Policy Institute,11
Large artery function and alterations in hypertension (1995)

HYPERTENSION AND ARTERIAL HEMODYNAMICS: One of the characteristics of hypertension is an impairment in arterial hemodynamics. Any definition of hypertension has to take account of oscillatory fluctuations during the cardiac cycle, that is, fluctuations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure around mean arterial pressure. These fluctuations are determined by ventricular ejection, arterial distensibility and the timing of arterial wave reflections. EFFECTS OF AGING ON LARGE ARTERIES: Larger arteries stiffen progressively with age, due to medial and intimal thickening. This alteration can be described as a decrease in arterial distensibility (Di = delta D/delta P x D, where D is the diameter of the artery and P is the blood pressure). The most obvious consequence of arterial stiffening is an increase in the amplitude of pulse pressure, caused by an increase in systolic pressure and a decrease in diastolic pressure. Two mechanisms underlie this increase in pulse pressure: a higher incident pressure wave generated by the left ventricle into a stiffened aorta and an increase in the velocity of the pressure wave traveling forward and back in the arterial tree. In young subjects, the reflected wave causes an increase in the early diastolic wave, but in older people the reflected wave is summed with a late systolic wave, causing a dramatic increase in central systolic pressure. These phenomena affect left ventricular function adversely, increasing myocardial oxygen consumption and tending to decrease coronary blood flow. Furthermore, the increased systolic blood pressure induces left ventricular hypertrophy. EFFECTS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS: Although all classes of antihypertensive drugs can reduce blood pressure, only some can decrease arterial distensibility. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium antagonists have been shown to decrease the stiffness of conduit arteries and dilate peripheral arteries. This may account for the superiority of these drugs in regressing left ventricular hypertrophy.
Linking LOXL2 to Cardiac Interstitial Fibrosis (2020)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. CVD pathophysiology is often characterized by increased stiffening of the heart muscle due to fibrosis, thus resulting in diminished cardiac function. Fibrosis can be caused by increased oxidative stress and inflammation, which is strongly linked to lifestyle and environmental factors such as diet, smoking, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. These factors can affect gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) is responsible for collagen and elastin cross-linking in the heart, and its dysregulation has been pathologically associated with increased fibrosis. Additionally, studies have shown that, LOXL2 expression can be regulated by DNA methylation and histone modification. However, there is a paucity of data on LOXL2 regulation and its role in CVD. As such, this review aims to gain insight into the mechanisms by which LOXL2 is regulated in physiological conditions, as well as determine the downstream effectors responsible for CVD development.
FTP-M: An FTP-like Multicast File Transfer Application (2001)

Research in Reliable Multicast has focused on providing scalable,\nsemi-reliable delivery of data. Such solutions based on schemes like SRM have\nproved adequate for multicast delivery of multimedia data or whiteboard\napplications, but are inadequate for the strict delivery semantics of file\ntransfer. This paper describes a simple application called FTP-M that provides\nan efficient one-to-many multicast data transfer by simply extending the FTP\nprotocol and user interface. FTP-M relies on a {\\em strictly-reliable}\nReliable Multicast protocol layer beneath to send data reliably to multiple\nreceivers. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of FTP-M.\nWe suggest that FTP-M has the potential to be adopted as a standard way to\nachieve multicast file transfer.Pre-2018 CSE ID: CS2001-0684
Analytical validation of COMSOL Multiphysics for theoretical models of Radiofrequency ablation including the Hyperbolic Bioheat transfer equation (2010)

In this paper we outline our main findings about the differences between the use of the Bioheat Equation and the Hyperbolic Bioheat Equation in theoretical models for Radiofrequency (RF) ablation. At the moment, we have been working on the analytical approach to solve both equations, but more recently, we have considered numerical models based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). As a first step to use FEM, we conducted a comparative study between the temperature profiles obtained from the analytical solutions and those obtained from FEM. Regarding the differences between both methods, we obtain agreement in less than 5% of relative differences. Then FEM is a good alternative to model heating of biological tissues using BE and HBE in, for example, more complex and realistic geometries.
Optimization of Medipix-2 Threshold Masks for Spectroscopic X-Ray Imaging (2009)

Spectroscopic X-ray imaging enhances image contrast and provides advanced object information due to energy resolution. The Medipix-2 chip is a photon counting semiconductor detector and features two energy thresholds for energy selective imaging. The aim of this study is to present the development of optimized threshold adjustment masks with small energy windows of about 3 keV width using a monochromatic X-ray source for equalization and to demonstrate the benefits of spectroscopic X-ray imaging using an integrated circuit as object.
An electronic patient-contouring device (1977)

The ever-increasing use of computers and more sophisticated methods for obtaining accurate dose distributions has led to the development of methods for obtaining patient contours that are more accurate, faster and convenient than the older schemes that employ plaster bandages or solder wire. Alternative methods that have appeared in recent years include pantographic devices (Krasov and Astrakhan, 1966), electro-optical instruments mounted on treatment simulators (Lillicrap and Milan, 1975), and electromechanical contour devices that convert the geometrical coordinates of a movable stylus to electrical signals that are displayed by an X–Y recorder or entered directly into a computer (Simpson et al., 1975; Setala, 1965). In addition, the position transducer that is part of all B-mode ultrasonic scanners is fairly widely used (Smith and Holm, 1970) and the recent introduction of computerized tomography promises to provide not only the patient's contour but internal organ structure as well. Although we approached the problem of developing a computer-compatible method of obtaining patient contours several years ago, it was only recently that we switched from using plaster bandage to an electronic patient contour device. Our approach was similar to that of Simpson et al. (1975). However, as our plans required that the contour device be integral with our treatment simulator, and also as our treatment planning is done on a mini-computer, the final product is quite different.
Etifoxine: evaluation of its anticonvulsant profile in mice in comparison with sodium valproate, phenytoin and clobazam. (1985)

The anticonvulsant potential of 6-chloro-2-(ethylamino)-4-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine (etifoxine), a non-benzodiazepine tranquilizer, was evaluated in mice in comparison to valproate, phenytoin and clobazam. Maximal seizures were induced by electroshock (MES) and the chemical convulsants pentetrazol (PTZ), picrotoxin (PTX), bicuculline (BIC), isoniazid (INH), nicotine (NIC) and strychnine (STR). Tonic extensor convulsions were prevented by etifoxine in the following rank order of potency (ED50 values with seizure tests): 39.5 (PTX), 101 (PTZ), 101 (MES), 154 (INH), 181 (NIC), 397 (BIC), and greater than 800 mg/kg p.o. (STR). Clonic seizures were induced by threshold doses of PTZ, PTX and pilocarpine (PIL) and antagonized by etifoxine at ED50 values of 181 (PIL), 221 (PTZ), and greater than 800 mg/kg p.o. (PTX). Hence, etifoxine blocked both tonic and clonic seizures but was more potent against the tonic component. The anticonvulsant profile of etifoxine appeared similar to that of valproate. However, in terms of potency, protective indices (ED50 rotarod/ED50 seizure test) and therapeutic indices (LD50/ED50 seizure test) etifoxine was on an average 3.7, 12 and 14 times superior to valproate, respectively. It is concluded that etifoxine has a marked anticonvulsive potential and may be beneficially used in epileptic disorders, especially of the grand mal type.
Optical properties of photosensitive fiber phase gratings (1993)

The authors measure and calculate the optical properties of strong ( delta n/n approximately 10/sup -3/) in-core optical fiber phase gratings written by the UV laser sidewriting technique. A pronounced fine structure on the main reflection peak is observed and explained, along with a short wavelength loss associated with radiation mode coupling, modulated by cladding effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Wide-Band UHF Logarithmic Amplifier (1966)

Logarithmic amplifiers can be made using three basic techniques: nonlinear feedback, nonlinear loads, and successive detection. For very high-frequency, wide-band applications, the successive detection method is the most practical. This paper describes a logarithmic amplifier at UHF frequencies which uses this successive detection method. The design was made with simplicity, cost, and the minimum use of special instruction techniques as prime considerations. Development of a linear amplifier with an amplitude response flat within 3 dB from 380 to 1020 MHz is presented first. The method used to convert the linear amplifier to a logarithmic one is then shown. The result is a logarithmic amplifier with a transfer characteristic which is within /spl plusmn/ 1 dB of logarithmic over an input dynamic range of 40 dB. This amplifier is capable of responding to a 2.5 ns pulse-width RF pulse with a center frequency of 800 MHz.
The role of keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis (AD) (1998)

A 36-year-old woman developed a photolocalized erythematous papulovesicular eruption while taking piroxicam. Histologic study revealed a superficial and deep spongiotic dermatitis. Phototesting with ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) was abnormal at the time the patient was seen and after oral challenge with the drug for 5 days. A modified lymphocyte transformation test was positive. The photosensitizing potential of the drug was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies consisted of phototesting twelve medical students before and after intake of piroxicam during 5 consecutive days. No lowering of the minimal erythema dose (MED) values or abnormal reactions to UV and visible light were observed in these students. In vitro studies by the Candida plate method and by photohemolysis showed negative results. Our studies suggest a systemic photoallergy mechanism requiring wavelengths in the UVA range for the reaction. This drug should be avoided in patients receiving photochemotherapy.
338 Flow Simulation of Wind Turbine Blade With Winglet Using Large-Eddy Simulation (2005)

The purpose of this study is to reaserch the effect of a winglet on the aerodynamic noise and performance. We apply to the tip shapes of rotating wind turbine blades 2 types of winglets whose installation angle is 0, 50 degree. The flow field is simulated using compressible Large-Eddy simulation(LES). The acoustic field is directly simulated using LES, or modeled using Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy. The results show that 2 types of winglets respectively cause the difference in the overall broadband noise level and the aerodynamic performance.