gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Medium Approximations for Snow Thermal and AC Electrical Conductivities (1994)

The transcription of cloned maize plastid DNA sequences in vitro by maize plastid DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been studied to expose the roles of the enzyme, polypeptide cofactors, and DNA sequences in the regulation of gene expression. The 4.35-kilobase pair BamHI fragment 9 carries the maize plastid gene for the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase and part of the gene for a 2.2-kilobase RNA. These two genes are separated by approximately 330 base pairs and are transcribed divergently. Transcripts of the gene for the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase are abundant in bundle sheath cells of maize leaves and we show here that transcripts of the 2.2-kilobase RNA gene are present in both mesophyll cells and the adjacent bundle sheath cells. In vitro, in the presence of the S factor, maize chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase produces a transcript of the gene for the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase with a 5' terminus like that of the corresponding mRNA isolated from plastids, transcribes chloroplast DNA sequences of Bam fragment 9 in a chimeric plasmid in preference to the vehicle RSF 1030 and, in a ratio of 3:1, preferentially transcribes the gene for the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase over the 2.2-kilobase RNA gene from supercoiled chimeric plasmid DNA.
Mehrstufige reversible Redoxsysteme, LVIII. 2,5‐Bis(cyanimino)‐2,5‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>]thiophene – ein neuer Acceptortyp: Synthese und allgemeine Eigenschaften (1992)

Multistep Reversible Redox Systems, LVIII [1] . – 2,5‐Bis(cyanoimino)‐2,5‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophenes – a New Acceptor Type: Synthesis and Common Properties The synthesis of a variety of substituted 2,5‐bis(cyanoimino)‐2,5‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophenes ( 4 ) and the corresponding diones ( 5 ) is described. Different substituents on the acceptors 4 and 5 allow the redox potentials of these reversible two‐step redox systems to be varied over a wide range.
In-memory batch-normalization for resistive memory based binary neural network hardware (2019)

Binary Neural Network (BNN) has a great potential to be implemented on Resistive memory Crossbar Array (RCA)-based hardware accelerators because it requires only 1-bit precision for weights and activations. While general structures to implement convolution or fully-connected layers in RCA-based BNN hardware were actively studied in previous works, Batch-Normalization (BN) layer, which is another key layer of BNN, has not been discussed in depth yet. In this work, we propose in-memory batch-normalization schemes which integrate BN layers on RCA so that area/energy-efficiency of the BNN accelerators can be maximized. In addition, we also show that sense amp error due to device mismatch can be suppressed using the proposed in-memory BN design.
Semiconductor-doped glass waveguide electro-absorption modulator (1990)

A semiconductor-doped glass optical waveguide modulator has been fabricated and characterised. Semiconductor-doped glass is a widely available material that has recently been shown to have interesting electroabsorptive properties. The work presented here represents progress towards a practical switching device with significant depth of modulation.
A compact efficient deep ultraviolet laser at 266 nm (2013)

We present a highly efficient and cost-effective watt-level deep-ultraviolet laser operating at 266 nm. Type-I phase-matching LBO crystals and type-I phase-matching BBO crystals were used for frequency doubling and fourth-harmonic generation, respectively. The highest 1.82 W average power of the 266 nm laser was obtained from nonlinear frequency conversion at a repetition rate of 30 kHz and a pump power of 18.8 W. The conversion efficiency from the diode to the deep-ultraviolet laser scales up to 10.7%. This is, to our knowledge, the highest efficiency ever reported generated from a laser diode single-end-pumped acousto-optic Q-switched system.
CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to Formate by NADH Catalysed by Formate Dehydrogenase from <i>Pseudomonas oxalaticus</i> (1976)

The direct reduction of CO 2 to formate is catalysed by formate: NAD oxidoreductase in the presence of substrate amounts of NADH Proof for this reaction is supplied by the detection of a CO 2 ‐dependent NADH oxidation, and by the identification of [ 14 C]carbonate. The enzyme‐catalysed CO 2 reduction by NADH attains the equilibrium predicted by thermodynamic consideration a state which is also reached from the formate side. The Michaelis constant for CO 2 is about 40 mM indicating the low affinity of the enzyme for this substrate. The corresponding value for formate is 0.1 mM. Under the special conditions employed the enzyme catalyses the formate oxidation about 30 times faster than the CO 2 reduction. That CO 2 and not HCO 3 is the active species in the reduction was shown by comparing the pH dependency of the velocities of the forward and back reactions and by observing the kinetics of CO 2 reduction during the simultaneous attainment of the CO 2 ‐HCO − 3 equilibrium.
Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments (1984)

Pseudoreplication is defined as the use of inferential statistics to test for treatment effects with data from experiments where either treatments are not replicated (though samples may be) or replicates are not statistically independent. In ANOVA terminology, it is the testing for treatment effects with an error term inappropriate to the hypothesis being considered. Scrutiny of 176 experimental studies published between 1960 and the present revealed that pseudoreplication occurred in 27% of them, or 48% of all such studies that applied inferential statistics. The incidence of pseudoreplication is especially high in studies of marine benthos and small mammals. The critical features of controlled experimentation are reviewed. Nondemonic intrusion is defined as the impingement of chance events on an experiment in progress. As a safeguard against both it and preexisting gradients, interspersion of treatments is argued to be an obligatory feature of good design. Especially in small experiments, adequate interspersion can sometimes be assured only by dispensing with strict randomization procedures. Comprehension of this conflict between interspersion and randomization is aided by distinguishing pre—layout (or conventional) and layout—specific alpha (probability of type I error). Suggestions are offered to statisticians and editors of ecological journals as to how ecologists' understanding of experimental design and statistics might be improved.
The Process of Production of Dry Matter and Nutrient Absorption of Peach Trees in Ten Years (1986)

To clarify the process of growth and nutrient absorption from nursury stock to mature peach tree, the trees cultivated under the same conditions were lifted and separated into constituent parts every year during the first 5 years and every other year thereafter, and then were weighed and analyzed. The results obtained were as follows:1. The amount of annual dry matter production increased every year for the first 7 years, and then reached a constant value by the reason that the increment of tree parts decreased thereafter while fruit yield further increased. Fruit yield and dry matter weight of fallen leaves increased for the first 9 years in proportion to expansion of the tree crown, and then reached a constant in 11 years of age.2. Young branches and fine roots had higher contents of nutrient than older branches and roots regardless of age of trees, but nutrient contents in all parts of tree varied significanthy from one year to another.3. The yearly variation in the amount of annual nutrient absorption and the amount of stored nutrient after the growing season showed a different pattern for each nutrient element.4. The amounts of nutrient elements absorbed by the 11 year-old tree were 104kg of N, 25kg of P2O5, 131kg of K2O, 109kg of CaO, and 23kg of MgO under the condition that the trees were planted at a rate of 212 trees per ha and produced 28t fruit per ha. The amounts of N, P2O5 and CaO absorbed reached a constant after 9 years of cultivation, but the amount of K2O increased until 11 years of age because of increasing fruit production.
A hand-shake protocol for spread spectrum multiple access networks (2003)

A receiver-based protocol for spread-spectrum multiple-access networks is proposed and analyzed. This scheme is based on a handshake procedure before any formal transmission of data packets. The protocol is collision-free during data transmission and can limit the number of simultaneous transmissions. The system is modeled as a two-dimensional Markov chain from which the throughput can be determined. Numerical results are presented and compared with those for other protocols. With a minislotted channel, the handshaking time is reasonably short, and it is shown that the performance can be significantly improved when the average packet length is not too small. Moreover, very high throughput can still be maintained, even when the offered traffic is high. The proposed protocol can be applied in multipoint to point situations as well as in multihop radio networks with a central station in each hop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Query expansion using probabilistic local feedback with application to multimedia retrieval (2007)

As one of the most effective query expansion approaches, local feedback is able to automatically discover new query terms and improve retrieval accuracy for different retrieval models. However, the performance of local feedback is heavily dependent on the assumption that most top-ranked documents are relevant to the query topic. Although this assumption might be sensible for ad-hoc text retrieval, it is usually violated in many other retrieval tasks such as multimedia retrieval. In this paper, we develop a robust local analysis approach called probabilistic local feedback (PLF) based on a discriminative probabilistic retrieval framework. The proposed model is effective for improving retrieval accuracy without assuming the most top-ranked documents are relevant. It also provides a sound probabilistic interpretation and a convergence guarantee on the iterative result updating process. Although derived from variational techniques, this approach only involves an iterative process of simple operations on ranking features and thus can be computed efficiently in practice. Our multimedia retrieval experiments on TRECVID'03-'05 collections have demonstrated the advantage of the proposed PLF approaches which can achieve noticeable gains in terms of mean average precision over various baseline methods and PRF-augmented results.
Effects of local hypothermia and tissue oxygen studies in experimental paraplegia (1970)

✓ A controlled series of adult mongrel dogs were rendered paraplegic by traumatizing the thoracic spinal cord. Those animals treated with local hypothermia, whether immediately or after a delay, recovered to a significantly greater degree than the untreated group. Spinal cord pO 2 studies revealed a marked fall in the pO 2 at the area of maximal injury over a 30-min period. The severe hypoxia lasted at least 7 hours. Pathological studies showed the varying degrees of injury produced. It is postulated that local hypothermia may be effective in altering the clinical recovery by decreasing the tissue metabolism at the site of injury.
A simple packet scheduling and buffer management scheme for scalable support of QoS in the Internet (2003)

We propose a scheme that provides scalable support of QoS in the Internet by aggregating flows in the backbone networks and using a simple and fast forwarding mechanism to handle aggregated flows in the backbone network routers. Four traffic classes are defined for such aggregated flows, one each for guaranteed, controlled-load, assured and best-effort services. In each router, each class is implemented as a separate queue, served using a priority-based discipline. Aggregated flows are shaped or marked before being inserted into the queues. RED-like buffer management is employed to control the buffer occupancy of conformant and non-conformant packets. A border router placed at the link between an RSVP-capable stub network and an aggregation region, translates the flows into these four classes by tagging the data packets. Simulations have shown that the scheme is able to provide rate and delay guarantees to individual flows even after aggregation.
Recent Data from Two Paleo-Indian Sites on Medicine Creek, Nebraska (1953)

Excavations in deeply buried paleo-Indian sites of late Wisconsin age in the Medicine Creek Reservoir area, Nebraska, have resulted in the appearance of a number of preliminary statements in recent years. The present statement, anticipating publication of a complete report of the work, has been prepared in order to make available certain data not hitherto reported. This report is concerned with data from two stratified sites, the Lime Creek site (Ft-41) and the Red Smoke site (Ft-42), in both of which artifact assemblages including Plainview points have been found. These two sites are on Lime Creek, a small western tributary of Medicine Creek. They are near the Allen site (Ft-50) on Medicine Creek, source of the Frontier complex (Holder and Wike, 1949). As yet no specific relationship has been found to exist between the Frontier complex and the material from Lime Creek and Red Smoke, and therefore the Allen site will not be discussed in this paper. Geologically the situations of all three sites are very similar.
Novel &amp; Practical Digital Parallel UPS System Based on CAN_BUS (2006)

The novel & practical digital parallel UPS system has been introduced in this paper. The parallel UPS system bases on distributed logic paralleling control strategy used by TMS320F240 as main-control chip. Data communication is realized among all of parallel UPS units or between parallel UPS units and supervision device with application of CAN bus technology. This paper illustrates briefly relevant content such as the total frame of parallel UPS system, control principle based on DSP, the design of parallel supervision device, and so on. The design of the parallel UPS system has advantage of high practicality
Designing in Carbon Fibre Composites (2013)

A novel turn-on fluorescent probe 3 was synthesized by condensing salicylaldehyde and nicotinic hydrazide for the selective detection of CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> in aqueous medium. Probe 3 exhibited a turn-on fluorescence response toward CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> with excellent selectivity, sensitivity (DL = 2.76 μM), and good reversibility. The binding constant (K) of probe 3 with CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> was calculated to be 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> (log K 3.69). The 1:1 stoichiometry of the complex between probe 3 and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> ions was confirmed by Job's plot and ESI-MS spectra. Deprotonation and hydrogen-bonding interactions are involved in the recognition of CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> ion, which was also suggested by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, ESI-MS spectra, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, an INHIBIT type molecular logic gate was constructed by using 3:CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> and CH<sub>3</sub>COOH as inputs and current signal as output. Owing to the practical applications, probe 3 demonstrated its efficiency in quantifying CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> ion in real water samples through standard addition method, thus showcasing its potential in real environment. Further, the MTT assay indicated very low cytotoxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1 mM) of probe 3 and also the cell imaging experiments demonstrated the effective sensing of CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> ions with probe 3 in the biological systems.
Fluidized Bed Heat Transfer (1970)

OUT of the three distinct mechanisms of heat transfer in fluidized beds namely (i) fluid-to-particle, (ii) particle-to-fluid and (iii) wall-to-bed, only the first one has been widely studied and detailed review of the several investigations has been reported earlier by J. J. Barker. 2 In the other two cases no such survey has been made and an attempt is made here to give a concise report of the investigations available in literature. The report covers references, majority of which deal with the aspects of study of latter two types of mechanisms of fluidized bed heat transfer. Some important industrial applications of fluidized bed heat transfer have also been discussed.
Semiconductor Interfaces and Microstructures (1992)

Miniband conduction in semiconductor superlattices, A. Sibille et al interface modes in semiconductor superlattices, J. Menedez interfaces in GaAs/AlAs quantum well structures, D. Gammon et al optical and magneto-optical properties of narrow InGaAs-GaAs quantum wells, D.C. Reynolds and K.R. Evans wide-bandgap alloy II-IV compound semiconductors - the (Zn,Cd)(Se,Te) quaternary system, R.E. Nahory et al properties of Cd1-xMnxTe films and Cd1-xMnxTe-CdTe superlattices grown by pulsed laser evaporation and epitaxy, J.J. Dubowski a study of high temperature SiC device structures, M.M. Anikin et al Raman analyses of Si/Ge strained layer superlattices under hydrostatic pressure, I.P. Herman and others.
Methanol extract of the oyster mushroom, <i>Pleurotus florida</i>, inhibits inﬂammation and platelet aggregation (2004)

The antiinflammatory and platelet aggregation inhibiting activities of the methanol extract of Pleurotus florida Eger, an edible and commercially grown mushroom, were investigated. The extract showed significant activity in ameliorating acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and chronic inflammation by formalin at 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. The effect was comparable to the standard reference drug, diclofenac. The extract also showed significant platelet aggregation inhibiting activity of washed human platelets. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by 88% to 95% at a concentration of 500 microg/mL of the extract after a preincubation time of 5, 10 and 20 min. The marked antiinflammatory and platelet aggregation inhibiting properties of this mushroom suggest its potential therapeutic use against vascular disorders.
A 0.25 mW 13 b passive ΣΔ modulator for a 10 MHz IF input (2002)

Combining /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with mixing achieves frequency translation and A/D conversion in a single step, simplifying analog circuitry and saving power. Further power efficiency can be achieved by a /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with a passive loop filter. Because this involves direct conversion, the signal is always mixed down to dc irrespective of the pole locations of loop filter and therefore the null position of the quantization noise power spectrum density is insensitive to the parasitics. A passive switched-capacitor modulator with a built-in passive mixer digitizes a 10 MHz IF signal. Due to the lack of gain in the passive loop filter, a switch-only gain-boost network provides gain without using active circuitry.
Minimizing the paging channel bandwidth for cellular traffic (2002)

We consider two mechanisms by which call setup requests are blocked in a mobile communication system: (1) The calling party may get impatient while the system is looking for the mobile unit and hang up. (2) There may be no channel available for call setup. These two blocking events can be combined to obtain a single request loss probability. For different arrival rates, number of cells in the paging area, impatience threshold, and number of voice channels available, we find the minimum paging rate required to meet some maximum loss probability criterion. We thus indirectly find the minimum paging bandwidth necessary to support a given number of voice channels.
Distributed Indexing of Large-Scale Web Collections (2005)

Sidra is a new indexing and ranking system for large-scale Web collections. Sidra creates multiple distributed indexes, organized and partitioned by different ranking criteria, aimed at supporting contextualized queries over hypertexts and their metadata. This paper presents the architecture of Sidra and the algorithms used to create its indexes. Performance measurements on the Portuguese Web data show that Sidra's indexing times and scalability are comparable to those of global Web search engines.
Mrp2 modulates the activity of chloride channels in isolated hepatocytes (2002)

Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette family transport proteins are important organic ion transporters in hepatocytes but these molecules may also exhibit other functions. In the present study we have measured the effects of substrates of the canalicular organic ion transporter multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2) on chloride channel activation and cell volume regulation. We found that substrates such as leukotriene D(4), 17-beta-estradiol glucuronide, and the leukotriene inhibitor MK-571 accelerated the activation of chloride channels by cell swelling and activated chloride channels in cytokine-pretreated hepatocytes. Two conjugated estrogens that are not Mrp2 substrates did not produce this effect. Hepatocytes derived from a strain of transport-deficient rats (TR(-)), which lack Mrp2 expression, showed none of these substrate effects. Coincident with their ability to activate channels, the Mrp2 substrates increased the rate of volume regulatory decrease by approximately 50% (P <.01), confirming that enhanced channel activation under this condition stimulated volume regulation. In TR-hepatocytes the Mrp2 substrate had no effect on volume regulation. In conclusion, Mrp2 plays a role in regulation of chloride channel function by reducing the lag time necessary for channel activation and consequently accelerating the process of cell volume regulation. Substrates of Mrp2 affect the ability of the protein to interact with chloride channels. These findings represent an alternative function of Mrp2 in hepatocytes.
Plasma Expansion into a Vacuum (2003)

The charge separation effects in the collisionless plasma expansion into a vacuum are studied in great detail. Accurate results are obtained concerning the structure of the ion front, the resultant ion energy spectrum, and more specifically the maximum ion energy. These are of crucial importance for the interpretation of recent experiments, where high-energy ion jets were produced from short pulse interaction with solid targets.
Mechanisms and mysteries (2018)

This chapter illustrates what, in the language of contemporary psychoanalysis, may be called "non-interpretative mechanisms". This is the title of a recent paper by Daniel Stern and his colleagues. In it, the author focuses on the therapeutic value of what they term "moments of meeting" between mothers and babies, which they regard as crucial to the natural development of infants. The analytic inference is that the "moment of meeting" may be paralleled in the experience of patients with their therapists. Stern's group displays a psychoanalytic attitude, currently growing in influence, that places as great a therapeutic value on relationship as on interpretation. The priceless benefit that three-dimensional functioning provides hardly needs emphasizing. It is the goal of psychoanalysis, aptly summarized by Sigmund Freud when he declared: "Where Id was, let Ego be". Freud, with characteristic irony, expressed it as a shift: "from neurotic misery to common human unhappiness".