gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error Detecting and Correcting Binary Codes for Arithmetic Operations (1960)

The most important property of the codes derived in this paper is that two numbers, i and j, have coded forms, C(i) and C(j) that when added in a conventional binary adder, give a sum C(i)+C(j) that differs from C(i+j), the code for the sum, by (at most) an additive constant. This makes possible the detection and/or correction of errors committed by the arithmetic element of a computer. In addition, messages can be coded and decoded and errors can be detected and corrected by arithmetic procedures, making it possible to elininate some or all of the special-purpose equipment usually associated with error-detecting or correcting codes. This property may make these codes useful for data transmission as well as for computation.
Stimulatory effect of kinetin, ascorbic acid and glutamic acid on growth and chemical constituents of Codiaeum variegatum L. plants. (2011)

2 Abstract: Two pot experiments were conducted during two successive seasons (2009 and 2010) in the nursery of the National Research Center. The aim of this work is to study the stimulatory effect of kinetin (20 and 40 ppm), ascorbic acid (100 and 200 ppm) and glutamic acid (100 and 200 ppm) on growth and chemical constituents of Codiaeum variegatum L. Results showed that, increasing concentration of the three foliar applications gradually increased all growth parameters (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length as well as fresh and dry weights of all plant organs) and also the content of the total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages. The effect of glutamic acid was superior to that of kinetin, ascorbic acid on increasing plant growth at vegetative growth especially when plants were sprayed with glutamic acid at 200 ppm.
GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and more (2008)

Reference systems.- Satellite orbits.- Satellite signals.- Observables.- Mathematical models for positioning.- Data processing.- Data transformation.- GPS.- Glonass.- Galileo.- More on GNSS.- Applications.- Conclusion and outlook.
Role of alveolar macrophages in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation after lung contusion (2014)

These depletion experiments show that AMΦ ameliorate the inflammatory response after blunt chest trauma. Taken together, this study gives relevant insights into the regulative role of AMΦ during the local and systemic inflammation after lung contusion.
Distinct levels of Notch activity for commitment and terminal differentiation of stem cells in the adult fly intestine (2011)

Tight regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of adult stem cells ensures that tissues are properly maintained. In the Drosophila intestine, both commitment, i.e. exit from self-renewal, and terminal differentiation are controlled by Notch signaling. Here, we show that distinct requirements for Notch activity exist: commitment requires high Notch activity, whereas terminal differentiation can occur with lower Notch activity. We identified the gene GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (Gmd), a modulator of Notch signaling, as being required for commitment but dispensable for terminal differentiation. Gmd loss resulted in aberrant, self-renewing stem cell divisions that generated extra ISC-like cells defective in Notch reporter activation, as well as wild-type-like cell divisions that produced properly terminally differentiated cells. Lowering Notch signaling using additional genetic means, we provided further evidence that commitment has a higher Notch signaling requirement than terminal differentiation. Our work suggests that a commitment requirement for high-level Notch activity safeguards the stem cells from loss through differentiation, revealing a novel role for the importance of Notch signaling levels in this system.
A Numerically Robust and Low-complexity Method of Signal Subspace Estimation (2011)

该文提出了一种数值稳健且低复杂度的信号子空间估计新方法。该方法通过多级维纳滤波器前向迭代构造观测数据协方差矩阵三对角化的转换矩阵，其列向量为信号子空间的一组正交基。与传统的相关相减结构结构相比，该文的多级维纳滤波器前向迭代通过Householder酉变换实现，显著增强了有限精度运算中信号子空间基向量的正交性，提高了数值稳健性。此外，基于Householder矩阵的酉性质和矩阵后向累积提出了一种转换矩阵的快速计算方法，降低了计算复杂度。计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的数值稳健性和计算效率。
Glucose monitoring (2011)

Abstract Blood glucose concentrations are measured in diabetes to detect hyper- and hypo-glycaemia. Health care professionals need this information to diagnose diabetes, or states of impaired glucose tolerance, to adjust therapy and correct hyper- and hypo-glycaemia in established diabetes, to interpret signs and symptoms in patients (e.g. is confusion due to hypoglycaemia or another cause?), and to assess the risk of tissue complications developing in the future (the severity and duration of hyperglycaemia is clearly related to microvascular disease). The patient with diabetes measures blood glucose concentrations to take corrective action with food and insulin, to maintain good control, to check the safety of everyday activities (e.g. not driving when hypoglycaemic), to assess the impact of events and lifestyle and on control (exercise, diet, illness, psychological stress), and to ensure a good quality of life and the ‘peace of mind’ that knowledge of the blood glucose concentration gives. Glucose monitoring has traditionally been performed by intermittent sampling of blood glucose concentrations, either in hospital or by the patient testing their own blood glucose concentrations at home using finger-prick capillary blood samples applied to reagent strips and inserted into portable glucose meters – self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). In addition, in the last decade or so, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has entered clinical practice as a supplement to SMBG, albeit with limited uptake at present. CGM is based on the implantation of needle-type glucose sensors, or microdialysis probes, into the subcutaneous tissue for measurement of interstitial glucose concentrations.
Analysis of Parasitic Effects in Advanced Isolation Schemes for Deep Submicron CMOS Technologies (1995)

The evolution of the active area/isolation transition has resulted in a modification of the isolation induced parasitic effects on the device. Using experimental results and simulations, we have analysed the corner parasitic transistor behaviour induced by an abrupt transition. We show that some technological parameters linked to the isolation process must be perfectly controlled for a good integration of future isolation technologies, especially for the shallow trench isolation (STI).
Protocol-Based Hidden Key Recovery: IBE Approach and IPSec Case (2009)

Goh has proposed a protocol-based mechanism which can add key recovery to existing security protocols and possesses valuable properties such as unfilterability, inter-operability, hidden key recovery and real time key recovery. He presented key recovery implementation of SSL/TLS and SSH. This paper exploits identity based encryption to implement hidden key recovery and shows how to implement key recovery in IPSec roundly. We conclude that IBE is possible to be used in key recovery as we expected and it is easy to embed key recovery into IPSec. At last, we discuss some issues about practical deployment of IPSec key recovery.
A Tandem Cross-Coupling/S<sub>N</sub>Ar Approach to Functionalized Carbazoles (2007)

A novel route to functionalized carbazoles utilizing a tandem Suzuki cross-coupling/SNAr protocol is described. This process was found to be compatible with a variety of electron-withdrawing groups including aldehydes, esters, and sulfones. Using this method, a concise total synthesis (four steps, 50% overall yield) of the carbazole alkaloid glycosinine was achieved.
ESTIMATION OF DEBRIS-FLOW IMPACT FORCES USING A SMALL SC ALE MODELLING APPROACH (2012)

Debris flows provide a severe threat to human living in mountainous regions all over the world. Structural mitigation measurements, like debris-flow barriers, or the maintenance of infrastructures such as bridges, require the estimation of possible impact forces. Currently it is not possible to develop debris-flow impact estimations models (entirely based on theoretical considerations) with sufficient accuracy and computable in periods common for design offices (Hubl et al., 2009). Debrisflow impact forces are therefore often estimated based on real-scale or large scale observations and laboratory experiments. Real-scale observations are based on real debris-flow events, whereas large scale observations need an artificially triggered debris flow like mass movement. Ideally, no scaling effect exists, but the measurements of indicators, such as the flow velocity or the bulk density is often complicated. For this reasons several experiments have been carried out in laboratories (Ishikawa et al., 2008; Tiberghien et al. 2007). Hubl et al. (2009) showed that the impact forces of the real-scale observations have mainly be estimated in a Froude range between 0 and 2, but only the test by Tiberghian et al. (2007) are within this range. Miniaturized tests were mainly carried out in higher Froude ranges, concluding that these models are developed based on an input data range which does not comply with field data. The objective of this study is to analyse debris-flow impact forces in a laboratory experiment, based on a 1:20 scale flume model and a kinematic similarity of the debrisflow behaviour described by a Froude-number < 2. The study is part of the research project P21653 ”Historical arch bridges under horizontal debris flow impacts” funded by the Austrian Science Fund.
Design for Intuitive Use - Testing Image Schema Theory for User Interface Design (2007)

Demand for interactive products that are intuitive to use is high. Intuitive use in this paper is understood as the subconscious application of prior knowledge by the user. This definition is explicated by a continuum model of prior knowledge. Theories from several disciplines of application are surveyed whether they can contribute to the field of ‘Design for Intuitive Use’. Two sets of requirements are posed against which candidate theories have to be validated: (1) the claims the theory makes about intuitive use must be shown to be valid within the context of user interface design, and (2) the application of the theory has to support the user interface design process. Image schema theory which draws on knowledge on the sensorimotor stage of the knowledge continuum was put to the test by using rigorous psychological experimentation and by analysing user interfaces in different domains of application. These analyses showed that the application of image schema theory as a design language may be a powerful tool for the evaluation and improvement phases of a human-centred design process. By collecting the results of these analyses in an online catalogue, designers are provided with a tool that helps them with producing design solutions. Ongoing studies are investigating whether image schemas are also useful for the early phases of the design process such as requirements gathering. Although the studies are not finished yet it is concluded that the image schema approach offers value to and insight in designing user interfaces that are intuitive to use.
Extracorporeal “Giant” Locking Sliding Knot in Pediatric and Neonatal Minimally Invasive Surgery: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes (2009)

Aim: A prospective study to assess the clinical application of extracorporeal “Giant” locking sliding knot (GLSK) in pediatric and neonatal minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Materials and Methods: A total of 152 MIS, of various complexities were performed over a 14-month period with more than 1100 GLSKs used in 126 procedures. Results: There were no major complications or deaths in this cohort. Unraveling of the GLSK was observed in three instances (0.3%) secondary to excessive manipulation. Only a copolymer of glycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate material (Maxon™ suture; Covidien, Norwalk, CT) and polyproplene (Prolene™ suture; Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ) can be used for the GLSK technique due to their very smooth surface. Conclusion: Extracorporeal GLSKs can replace intracorporeal knots because they are safe, faster to tie, and reduce the surgeon's fatigue during complex MIS.
Confirming Evidence of an Effective Treatment for Brain Dysfunction in Alcoholic Patients (1982)

In earlier studies we found that cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) was associated with significant improvement in several areas of brain dysfunction commonly found in alcoholic persons. In this study we compared the effects of CES among treatment and control groups on each of the six subscales of the Revised Beta Examination (Lindner, R. M., and Curvitz, M. Revised Beta Examination, Psychological Corp., New York, 1957) and found CES related to significant improvement on the two subscales which are below the norms in alcoholic patients and which have been correlated with other measures of brain dysfunction. It is concluded that CES can be an important therapeutic strategy in reducing to weeks the time required for recovery of several reversible brain dysfunctions in alcoholic persons which usually require months or years of abstinence.
Three Practical Ways to Improve Your Network (2003)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Computational methods and their applications for de novo functional protein design and membrane protein solubilization (2002)

The current methodology in computational de novo protein design involves two general steps: (1) The choice of a backbone framework upon which to build the protein, and (2) The choice of an amino acid sequence which will allow the protein to fold into the desired conformation. We have developed a computational approach to improve upon current methods used in both design steps. Rather than using a natural backbone template, we address backbone design directly by describing the backbone architecture of a family of proteins of functional interest with a set of parametric equations. This allows us to generate a family of backbone structures which are consistent with a given target function. We have experimented with different residue-based energy functions for design, and have also derived a statistical energy function that measures energies of both polar and non-polar atom clusters. A suite of computer software for de novo design was implemented which utilizes dead-end-elimination of high-energy rotamer pairs to reduce the search space, a genetic algorithm, and a Monte-Carlo/simulated annealing engine. The software also allows backbone flexibility, explicit symmetry relationships between chains, and has been extended to use any non-natural amino acids such as β-amino acids, γ-amino acids, etc. Using these computational tools and others, we have engineered and characterized a water-soluble variant of phospholamban, in an effort to learn more about the determinants of protein-protein interactions in membranes, and to make phospholamban more amenable to structural studies. We have also designed dimetal-binding proteins to study dimetal-binding sites in simplified systems. Specifically, we have designed and characterized a heterotetrameric helical system that has been shown to bind dimetal in a penta-coordinate manner.
Accuracy, Apps Advance Speech Recognition [Special Reports] (2014)

Technical breakthroughs in speech recognition have been hard to come by, but the technology continues to improve in accuracy and natural language understanding and find its way into a broad range of enterprise and commercial platforms that include health care, e-commerce, telecommunications, and other vertical markets.
La gestión de seguridad y salud en obras portuarias: ejemplo práctico de aplicación en las obras de ampliación del puerto de Ferrol (Puerto Exterior)-1ª fase (2003)

Esophageal insufflation testing has been advocated for laryngectomized patients considered for tracheoesophageal puncture. The present work was undertaken to document the degree to which nonlaryngectomized individuals were able to produce and sustain esophageal voice in association with esophageal insufflation testing. Fifteen young, healthy adults were tested in a uniform way. Results were interpreted to support the views that (a) normal function of the pharyngoesophageal segment represents an influence detrimental to the ultimate acquisition of functionally serviceable esophageal or tracheoesophageal speech and (b) laryngectomized patients having airtight closure of the pharyngoesophageal segment during insufflation testing exhibit a normal esophageal response. Implications for completing air insufflation testing and selective myotomy are discussed.
소비자들의 소매점 태도 형성에서의 자민족중심주의의 역할 (2001)

Evaluations on Retail store attributes have generally been regarded as major factors forming consumer attitudes toward retail stores. Since the opening of Korean retail market to foreign retailers recently, however, ethnocentrism, which is not a retail store attribute, has attracted many interests in relation with consumer attitude formation toward retail stores. The purpose of current study is to explore roles of ethnocentrism on consumer attitudes formation toward both domestic and foreign retail stores operating in Korea. According to study results, effects of ethnocentrism on consumer attitudes toward retail stores differ depending on nationality of retail stores. In case of domestic retail stores, ethnocentrism has not only a direct effect but also a mediating effect on attitudes toward retail stores. On the contrary, ethnocentrism has a direct effect only on attitudes toward retail stores in case of foreign retail stores. This study also reports relationships between consumer demographic variables and ethnocentrism.
Bayesian Assignment of Coverage Count Locations to Factor Groups and Estimation of Mean Daily Traffic (1996)

Mean daily traffic (MDT) is the expected traffic volume at some site on a typical day, and it is usually estimated from short-count data by computing average daily traffic (ADT) and then correcting this ADT for the season or day of week of the count. Although considerable guidance exists on how to construct seasonal factor groups from automatic traffic recorder counts, less guidance is available on how to select the appropriate factors for correcting a particular short count or for estimating MDT when the appropriate factors are uncertain. A data-driven approach to assigning highway sites to factor groups using arbitrary samples of daily traffic counts, a method for designing traffic count samples to minimize the likelihood of assigning the site to the wrong factor group, and a Bayes estimator of MDT are described. A likelihood function describing the sample count is combined with prior estimates of the probabilities that a site belongs to each factor group to produce posterior classification probabilities. The site is then assigned to that factor group showing the highest posterior classification probability. The classification method is evaluated by using actual traffic data and appears to perform reliably with 14-day samples. A Bayes estimator of MDT is then developed, which is applicable even when it is unclear to which factor group a short-count site ought to be assigned. This estimator is evaluated by using actual data, and it also performs creditably with 14-day samples.
<sup>123</sup>I‐iodobenzoylglucosamines: Glucose analogues for heart imaging (1993)

Abstract The ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐[ 123 I]‐2‐deoxy‐2‐N‐(iodobenzoyl)‐D‐glucosamine (BGA) derivatives were investigated to determine the effect of iodine position and lipophilicity on tissue distribution. There was no correlation between tissue uptake and lipophilicity. Maximum uptake was observed for o ‐BGA displaying a heart:blood ratio of 36.0 at 18 hours post injection. Yeast hexokinase phosphorylation studies in vitro and an in vivo insulin experiment were carried out on o ‐BGA. No phosphorylation was detected, but the insulin study indicated that o ‐BGA uses the glucose transporter. o ‐BGA showed maximum tissue uptake in mice at an optimal specific activity of 0.004mg/μCi. Mouse biodistribution studies of o ‐[ 123 I]‐iodobenzamide( o ‐ 123 IBA) indicated that the glucose moiety of o ‐BGA may be involved in the heart accumulation process in mice. Heart tissue extraction studies showed unmetabolized o ‐[ 123 I]BGA, recorded at 14 hours post injection, showed significant heart uptake.
High Salt Intake Increases Uroguanylin Expression in Mouse Kidney* (2001)

The intestinal peptides, guanylin and uroguanylin, may have an important role in the endocrine control of renal function. Both peptides and their receptor, guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), are also expressed within the kidney, suggesting that they may act locally in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. However, their physiological regulation within the kidney has not been studied. To begin to address this issue, we evaluated the distribution of uroguanylin and guanylin messenger RNA (mRNA) in the mouse nephron and the regulation of renal expression by changes in dietary salt/water intake. Expression was determined in 1) wild-type mice, 2) two strains of receptor-guanylyl cyclase-deficient mice (ANP-receptor-deficient, GC-A-/-, and GC-C-deficient mice); and 3) cultured renal epithelial (M-1) cells, by RT-PCR, Northern blotting and immunocytochemistry. Renal uroguanylin messenger RNA expression was higher than guanylin and had a different distribution pattern, with highest levels in the proximal tubules, whereas guanylin was mainly expressed in the collecting ducts. Uroguanylin expression was significantly lower in GC-C-/- mice than in GC-A-/- and wild-types, suggesting that absence of a receptor was able to down-regulate ligand expression. Salt-loading (1% NaCl in drinking water) increased uroguanylin-mRNA expression by >1.8-fold but had no effect on guanylin expression. Uroguanylin but not guanylin transcripts were detected in M-1 cells and increased in response to hypertonic media (+NaCl or mannitol). Our results indicate that high-salt intake increases uroguanylin but not guanylin expression in the mouse kidney. The synthesis of these peptides by tubular epithelium may contribute to the local control of renal function and its adaptation to dietary salt.
Splicing of tRNA Precursors (2014)

This chapter reviews what is known about the mechanism of precursor tRNA splicing: (i) the tRNA substrates for the splicing reaction, (ii) the enzymes involved in removing the introns to form the mature tRNA, (iii) interactions between these enzymes and their tRNA substrates and cofactors, (iv) the organization of tRNA splicing in the nucleus, (v) the identity of splicing mutants that affect the enzymatic machinery, (vi) current knowledge about the differences and similarities of tRNA splicing in systems of various organisms, and (vii) the possible function of tRNA introns.