gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propoxylated Fatty Thiazole, Pyrazole, Triazole, and Pyrrole Derivatives with Antimicrobial and Surface Activity (2015)

Abstract Lauric acid and propylene oxide were used to modify four biologically active heterocycles (thiazole, pyrazole, triazole, and pyrrole) to synthesize 17 new surfactants. The chemical structures of these surfactants were confirmed using infrared and 1 H, and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The surfactants all show good surface activity, low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, high cloud points, and tight interfacial packing. All showed antimicrobial activity on both bacteria and fungi. In addition, biodegradation testing demonstrated significant breakdown within seven days.
Radiometric growth rate and Pb isotope evolution of Mn/Fe precipitates from the SW-Baltic Sea (2004)

geology
Thermodynamic Properties of the Na–Se and Rb–Se Systems (1991)

AbstractThermodynamic properties of liquid Na–Se and Rb–Se alloys were .determined from electromotive force measurements on alkali metal concentration cells with a solid electrolyte consisting of either Na–β-Al2O3 or Rb–β-Al2O3. The results indicate that a two phase regime exists in the Na–Se system at high Se content. The Rb–Se alloys were Henrian and more thermodynamically stable than Rb–Pb or Rb–Bi alloys.
Muscle Strength and Flexibility in Different Positions of Soccer Players (1984)

One-hundred eighty soccer players were tested for muscle strength in knee extension and knee flexion and for flexibility in the lower extremity. The strength measurements were done with a Cybex II isokinetic device (Lumex, Bay Shore, New York). The range of motion (ROM) was measured according to a method described by Ekstrand et al. (1982). The players were divided into groups according to their player position: goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards. The results showed a significantly higher knee extensor torque in goalkeepers and defenders than in forwards (P less than 0.05). The knee flexion/knee extension ratio (H/Q ratio) was significantly higher for forwards compared to goalkeepers (P less than 0.001) and defenders (P less than 0.01). The goalkeepers were significantly more flexible than the other players in hip flexion (P less than 0.001), knee flexion (P less than 0.01), and ankle dorsiflexion (P less than 0.001).
Treatment of Iliopsoas Abscess. (1999)

We report six cases of iliopsoas abscess. Three patients had diabetes mellitus.All cases were treated conservatively with antibiotic therapy, and rest on the bed. Four out of six were carried out with echo-guided percutaneous drainage.We achieved successful results in all cases. Echo-guided percutaneous drainage could be the treatment of first choice for iliopsoas abscess.
VIS-NIR spectrum analysis for distinguishing tumor and normal human breast tissue (2012)

The high incidence and mortality of breast cancer require an effective method for early breast diagnosis. In order to investigate the optical differences among malignant tumor, benign tumor and normal human breast tissue, a commercial spectrophotometer combined with single integrating sphere was used to measure the optical properties of different types of breast tissue in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 2200 nm in vitro. The hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining) are used as the standard, and to find the find possible optical markers from the corresponding absorption or scattering spectra. This work is not only used for in vitro rapid optical diagnosis, but very helpful to develop innovative optical diagnosis of breast tumor in vivo.
Elemental Analysis of Chinese Black Inks on <i>Xuan</i> Paper by ArF Laser-Excited Plume Fluorescence (2016)

Chemical analysis of Chinese black ink on xuan paper is useful for the authentication of Asian artwork. The analysis has to be nondestructive and has to accommodate artworks of all sizes. We apply three analytical techniques, ArF laser-induced plume fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) to analyze five commercial Chinese black inks on two kinds of xuan paper. The FTIR signal is found to be interfered by the substrate which is inevitable because the pigments diffuse extensively into the xuan fiber network. The XRF signal is shown to be feeble and no signal can be registered until the samples are stacked and when the analytes are present at tens of percent. In contrast, the plume fluorescence technique can detect the minor and trace signature elements. The method is based on a two-laser-pulse scheme performed on a high precision optical setup: the first 355 nm laser pulse ablates a thin layer of the ink to create a plume; the second 193 nm laser pulse induces multi analytes in the plume to fluoresce. Partial-least-squares discriminant analysis of the fluorescence spectra unambiguously sorts the ink-xuan combinations while the sampled area is not visibly damaged even under the microscope. The laser probe can handle samples of arbitrary size and shape, is air compatible, and no sample pretreatment is necessary.
Electrical Dispersion in Relation to Soil Structure (1973)

The dielectric constant and conductivity of saturated clays vary with the frequency of alternating current in the range of 106 to 108 Hz. These variations can be used to reflect the influences of changes in fabric and structure-determining factors in clays, since conductivity and dielectric dispersion in the radio frequency range are influenced in a numerically significant and predictable manner by clay type and amount, water content, particle orientation, particle contact, and the nature of the heterogeneity and type and amount of electrolyte. A new compositional property, defined herein as the dielectric constant of the wet particles or aggregate, is shown to depend on the amount and type of clay, water content and to reflect the water-adsorbing capacity and fabric of a clay. Numerical values describing the compositional and geometrical properties of clay-water-electrolyte systems are obtained by representing the system by a simplified three-element electrical network.
Higgs mass determined by cosmological parameters (2008)

Postulating that all massless elementary fields have conformal scaling symmetry removes a conflict between gravitational theory and the standard model of elementary quantum fields. If the scalar field essential to SU(2) symmetry breaking has conformal symmetry, it must depend explicitly on the Ricci curvature scalar of gravitational theory. This has profound consequences for both cosmology and elementary particle physics, since cosmological data determine scalar field parameters. A modified Friedmann equation is derived and solved numerically. The theory is consistent with all relevant data for supernovae redshifts below $z=1$. The implied value of the cosmological constant implies extremely small Higgs mass, far below current empirical lower bounds. Detection of a Higgs boson with large mass would falsify this argument.
Mechanism of inhibition of Na<sup>+</sup>-bile acid cotransport during chronic ileal inflammation in rabbits (1998)

In the chronically inflamed ileum, unique mechanisms of alteration of similar transport processes suggest regulation by different immune-inflammatory mediator pathways. In a rabbit model of chronic ileitis, we previously demonstrated that Na+-glucose cotransport was inhibited by a decrease in the cotransporter numbers, whereas Na+-amino acid cotransport was inhibited by a decrease in the affinity for the amino acid. In this study, we demonstrated that Na+-bile acid cotransport was reduced in villus cells from the chronically inflamed ileum. In villus cell brush-border membrane vesicles from the chronically inflamed ileum, Na+-bile acid cotransport was reduced as well, suggesting a direct effect at the cotransporter itself. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Na+-bile acid cotransport was inhibited by both a decrease in the affinity as well as a decrease in the maximal rate of uptake of the bile acid. Analysis of steady-state mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels of the Na+-bile acid cotransporter also demonstrated some reduction during chronic ileitis. Thus, in the chronically inflamed ileum, the mechanisms of inhibition of Na+-glucose, Na+-amino acid, and Na+-bile acid cotransport are different. These data suggest that different cotransporters are uniquely altered either secondary to their intrinsic differences or by different immune-inflammatory mediators during chronic ileitis.
Two RFLPs associated with the human endogenous retroviral element S71 on chromosome 18q21 (1989)

A 3 kb fragment containing the pol-3' LTR region of the human endogenous retroviral sequence S71 (1) was subcloned into the HindIII-BamHI site of pUC9 and was designated pS71BH3.
Engineering pre-SUMO4 as efficient substrate of SENP2 (2014)

SUMOylation, one of the most important protein post-translational modifications, plays critical roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. SENP (Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease), a family of SUMO-specific proteases, is responsible for the processing of pre-SUMO and removal of SUMO from conjugated substrates. SUMO4, the latest discovered member in the SUMO family, has been found as a type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene and its maturation is not understood so far. Despite the 14 amino acid differences between pre-SUMO4 and SUMO2, pre-SUMO4 is not processed by SENP2 but pre-SUMO2 does. A novel interdisciplinary approach involving computational modeling and a FRET-based protease assay was taken to engineer pre-SUMO4 as a substrate of SENP2. Given the difference in net charge between pre-SUMO4 and pre-SUMO2, the computational framework analysis of electrostatic similarities of proteins was applied to determine the contribution of each ionizable amino acid in a model of SENP2-(pre-SUMO4) binding, and to propose pre-SUMO4 mutations. The specificities of the SENP2 toward different pre-SUMO4 mutants were determined using a quantitative FRET assay by characterizing the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM). A single amino acid mutation made pre-SUMO4 amenable to SENP2 processing and a combination of two amino acid mutations made it highly accessible as SENP2 substrate. The combination of the two approaches provides a powerful protein engineering tool for future SUMOylation studies.
A sphere in shear flow at finite Reynolds number: effect of shear on particle lift, drag, and heat transfer (1990)

Three-dimensional numerical solutions have been obtained for steady, linear shear flow past a fixed, heated spherical particle over a wide range of Reynolds number (0.1 [les ] R [les ] 100) and dimensionless shear rates (0.005 [les ] α [les ] 0.4). The results indicate that at a fixed shear rate, the dimensionless lift coefficient is approximately constant over a wide range of intermediate Reynolds numbers, and the drag coefficient also remains constant when normalized by the known values of drag for a sphere in uniform flow. At lower values of the Reynolds number, the lift and drag coefficients increase sharply with decreasing R , with the lift coefficient being directly proportional to R −½ . For the range of shear rates studied here, the rate of heat transfer to the particle surface was found to depend only on the Reynolds number, that is, it was insensitive to the shear rate. The dimensionless rate of heat transfer, the Nussel number Nu , was seen to increase monotonically with R .
Determining Directions of Genetic Improvement for Beef Cattle by Systems Analysis (1991)

牛肉生産に関するシミュレーションモデルを用いて,3種の重要な形質の改良方向に及ぼす集団の遺伝的水準(系統)や管理•経済条件の違いの影響を調べた.系統による遺伝的能力の違いを考慮した形質は,母牛の成熟体重(WA),乳量(MY)および12カ月齢体重(WY)であった.生産効率の指標として,(1) 飼料代謝エネルギー(ME)1MJ当たりの後代の出荷体重(kg)で表される生物学的効率(H1),(2) 飼料ME量1MJ当たりの母牛ならびに後代の出荷時体重(kg)で表される生物学的効率(H2),(3) 飼料ME量1MJ当たりの母牛の後代の筋肉量(kg)で表される生物学的効率(H3),(4) 飼料費(¥)に対する生産物からの利益(¥)の比で表される経済的効率(H4)を用いた.本研究では,これらの効率は指数選抜における総合的育種価と見なした.想定する遺伝的水準として黒毛和種雌牛について標準的なサイズの系統,大型サイズの系統および小型サイズの系統を考えた.管理や経済条件の代替は,肥育去勢牛の出荷時体重を500kgとする条件(べース条件では600kg),母牛の繁殖サイクルを3とした条件(べース条件では6)および母牛の飼料費を半分とした条件を想定した.遺伝的改良方向はH;の反応曲面式を各形質で偏微分して求め,遺伝的改良方向間の差の程度は2つの改良方向ベクトルのなす角度の余弦を用いて表した,さまざまな条件におけるシミュレーション実験の結果,改良方向は,対象とする系統,シミュレーション環境ならびに生物学的効率を取るか経済的効率を取るかでかなり異なった.このことから,育種計画における改良方向の設定は,以上の要因を十分に考慮した上で行なうべきであろうと考えられた.
ChemInform Abstract: MEGASTIGMA‐5,8‐DIEN‐4‐ONE, AN AROMA CONSTITUENT OF THE YELLOW PASSION FRUIT AND VIRGINIA TOBACCO (1979)

Abstract Die Alkohole (III) bzw. (IV), die als Gemisch bei der Kondensation des Cyclohexenons (I) mit dem Crotylzinkbromid (II) erhalten werden, werden mit CrO 3 zu dem Aromastoff Megastigmadien (V) bzw. dem Z‐Isomeren (VI) oxidiert; Photoisomerisierung von (VI) gibt (V).
KAGIANA: An Excel-Based Tool for Retrieving Summary Information on Arabidopsis Genes (2008)

Various public databases provide Arabidopsis gene information via the internet. It is useful to abstract information obtained from such databases. We have developed the KAGIANA tool, which allows a user to retrieve summary information obtained from selective databases and to access pages for a gene of interest in those databases. The tool is based on Microsoft Excel and provides several macro programs for gene expression analyses. It can assist plant biologists in accessing omics information for plant biology. The KAGIANA tool is freely available at http://pmnedo.kazusa.or.jp/kagiana/.
Chemoproteomic Identification of Serine Hydrolase RBBP9 as a Valacyclovir-Activating Enzyme (2020)

Prodrug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry have been hampered by a lack of knowledge of prodrug activation pathways. Such knowledge would minimize the risks of prodrug failure by enabling proper selection of preclinical animal models, prediction of pharmacogenomic variability, and identification of drug-drug interactions. Technologies for annotation of activating enzymes have not kept pace with the growing need. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has matured considerably in recent decades, leading to widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we report the extension of competitive ABPP (cABPP) to prodrug-activating enzyme identification in stable isotope-labeled cell lysates using a modified fluorophosphonate probe. Focusing on the antiviral ester prodrug valacyclovir (VACV), we identified serine hydrolase RBBP9 as an activating enzyme in Caco-2 cells via shotgun proteomics, validating the activity via the selective inhibitor emetine (EME). Kinetic characterization of RBBP9 revealed a catalytic efficiency (<i>k</i><sub><i>cat</i></sub>·<i>K</i><sub><i>M</i></sub><sup>-1</sup> = 104 mM<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>) comparable to that of BPHL, the only known VACV-activating enzyme prior to this work. EME incubation in wild-type and <i>Bphl</i>-knockout jejunum and liver lysates demonstrated the near-exclusivity of VACV activation by RBBP9 in the intestine. Additionally, these studies showed that RBBP9 and BPHL are the two major and coequal VACV-activating enzymes in the liver. Single-pass intestinal perfusions of VACV ± EME in mice showed EME coperfusion significantly inhibited the intestinal activation of VACV, implying the <i>in vivo</i> relevance of RBBP9-mediated VACV activation. We envision that others might use the cABPP approach in the future for global, rapid, and efficient discovery of prodrug-activating enzymes.
Treponema denticola induces actin rearrangement and detachment of human gingival fibroblasts (1992)

Spirochetes are associated with destructive periodontal diseases, and one cultivatable oral species, Treponema denticola, binds to mammalian cells and perturbs metabolism. To evaluate the cytoskeletal responses and attachment functions of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) exposed to T. denticola, monolayers of HGF were incubated with T. denticola strains ATCC 35405, e, and e' in serum-free medium. HGF retracted pseudopods, rounded up, and ultimately detached from the substratum. Scanning electron microscopy showed spirochetes in close contact with HGF surfaces; occasionally, bacteria were partially submerged between folds in the HGF membrane. Blebbing and numerous microvilli formed on the cell surface as the HGF retracted. By confocal microscopy, spirochetes were detected in contact with the HGF surface but were never found on the ventral surface of fibroblasts between the substratum and cell. Morphological alterations were associated with and preceded by actin assembly, as measured by microscopic fluorimetry: there was a 263% increase in actin fluorescence over controls within 30 min. Detachment of fibroblasts from the substratum was related to incubation time and was dependent on the concentration of T. denticola. Detachment was observed for all strains tested and was also dependent on the viability of T. denticola: UV light, heat, and metronidazole treatment markedly reduced the HGF detachment response. Detachment was also significantly reduced by the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. HGF viability was not significantly affected by coincubation with spirochetes, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release. Thus, T. denticola induces rapid cytoskeletal remodelling followed by cell detachment, which might be stimulated by a bacterially associated protease but is not likely directly mediated by proteolytic degradation at the cell-substratum adhesive contact points.
A category based approach for recognition of out-of-vocabulary words (1996)

In almost all applications of automatic speech recognition, especially in spontaneous speech tasks, the recognizer vocabulary cannot cover all occurring words. There is always a significant amount of out-of-vocabulary words even when the vocabulary size is very large. In this paper we present a new approach for the integration of out-of-vocabulary words into statistical language models. We use category information for all words in the training corpus to define a function that gives an approximation of the out-of-vocabulary word emission probability for each word category. This information is integrated into the language models. Although we use a simple acoustic model for out-of-vocabulary words, we achieve a 6% reduction of word error rate on spontaneous speech data with about 5% out-of-vocabulary rate.
Electron-molecular vibration coupling effect on the Raman spectrum of organic charge transfer salts (2004)

Vibrational spectra of dimerized and tetramerized radical clusters have been calculated to understand the features of electron-molecular vibration (EMV) coupling effects for the charge ordered system (CO). The calculated spectra show that the totally in-phase Raman band, which is usually used as a measure of the molecular ionicity, approaches to the frequency corresponding to the average molecular ionicity in the cluster, with increasing the EMV coupling constant. On the other hand, when large charge disproportionation (CD) presents, vibronic bands show steep shift for small variation of the CD ratio. These results suggest that concerning to the normal modes with a large EMV coupling constant, we should focus on the frequency of the vibronic bands instead of the totally in-phase mode to discuss the charge distribution.
Cellular Components of the Coronary Vasculature Exhibit Differential Sensitivity to Low Temperature Insult (2002)

In the treatment of atherosclerosis, therapeutic angioplasty is commonly used to restore normal blood flow in stenosed arteries. This procedure, however, is associated with vascular endothelial cell erosion (denudation) of the intimal lining and subsequent acute arterial closure through restenosis, which involves the encroachment of vascular smooth muscle cells from the medial layer into the lumen. In the vasculature of the heart, coronary artery endothelial cells (CAECs) and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) are major players in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the vasculature of the heart. Interactions between these cell types and the innate immune response are paramount to atherosclerosis and post-intervention complications. The objective of this study was to investigate/optimize the efficacy of cryotherapy (the endovascular application of low temperature) as an adjunctive therapeutic intervention in association with angioplasty to combat restenosis. We report on an in vitro model for the assessment of cellular response to transient low temperature insults on human CAECs and CASMCs. Fluorescent probes were employed to assess various parameters of overall cell culture viability following exposure to temperatures ranging from 37°C to -60°C. Specific fluorescent indicators measured relative metabolic activity/respiration (alamarBlue™; Accumed International, Westlake, OH), membrane integrity (calcein-acetoxymethyl ester), and cell number (SYTO® 24; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). The results demonstrated that CAECs are not only more resistant to the cold, but that they also yield an increased proliferative ability over cold-exposed CASMCs. Our data demonstrate that human CAECs and CASMCs respond differentially to thermal stress and may provide insight into the optimization of cryotherapy to prevent restenosis in vivo.
Intrazeolite carbonyl(.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)dihydridoiridium(III) (CpIr(CO)H2-M56Y, where M = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) (1991)

Vapor-phase impregnation and thermal equilibration of CpIr(CO)H2 in dehydrated M56Y (where M = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) yields samples in which the guest displays two main anchoring modes. In Li56Y and Na56Y, a CpIrH2(CO)...M+ interaction is favored (type I), whereas in K56Y, Rb56Y, and Cs56Y the preferred-binding geometry involves CpIr(CO)H2...M+ (type II). The topology, spacial requirements, and ionic potential of the site II M+ cations appear to be mutually responsible for "lock-and-key" anchoring effects of CpIr(CO)H2 in the supercage of zeolite Y. The thermal and photochemical reactivities of CpIr(CO)H2-M56Y toward D2, HBr, CO, C6H6, and alkanes are investigated and compared with the situation known in solution. With D2, one finds only H/D exchange of the hydride ligands to yield intrazeolite CpIr(CO)D2-M56Y without hydride or Cp ring hydrogen scrambling, while exposure to CO yields the known intrazeolite species CpIr(CO)2-M56Y. In the case of both Bronsted acid H56Y and proton-loaded (HBr)8-Na56Y zeolites, one discovers a proton-induced, reductive-elimination, dimerization reaction, which yields the novel intrazeolite dimer Cp2Ir2(CO)2-M56Y anchored to a supercage Bronsted acid site via one of its bridge carbonyl ligands. By contrast to the situation found in solution, CpIr(CO)H2-M56Y so far appears to be photochemically and thermally inactive toward C-H bond activation chemistry with arenes and alkanes.
Iron‐Catalyzed Transformations of 2‐Chloro‐1,6‐heptadienes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non-local scan consolidation for 3D urban scenes (2010)

Recent advances in scanning technologies, in particular devices that extract depth through active sensing, allow fast scanning of urban scenes. Such rapid acquisition incurs imperfections: large regions remain missing, significant variation in sampling density is common, and the data is often corrupted with noise and outliers. However, buildings often exhibit large scale repetitions and self-similarities. Detecting, extracting, and utilizing such large scale repetitions provide powerful means to consolidate the imperfect data. Our key observation is that the same geometry, when scanned multiple times over reoccurrences of instances, allow application of a simple yet effective non-local filtering. The multiplicity of the geometry is fused together and projected to a base-geometry defined by clustering corresponding surfaces. Denoising is applied by separating the process into off-plane and in-plane phases. We show that the consolidation of the reoccurrences provides robust denoising and allow reliable completion of missing parts. We present evaluation results of the algorithm on several LiDAR scans of buildings of varying complexity and styles.