gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-healing ATM networks (2000)

The author begins by discussing the basics of ATM networks. The topics of error detection, dynamic self healing networks and planned self-healing networks and their comparison are then considered.
An efficient framework for online advertising effectiveness measurement and comparison (2014)

In online advertising market it is crucial to provide advertisers with a reliable measurement of advertising effectiveness to make better marketing campaign planning. The basic idea for ad effectiveness measurement is to compare the performance (e.g., success rate) among users who were and who were not exposed to a certain treatment of ads. When a randomized experiment is not available, a naive comparison can be biased because exposed and unexposed populations typically have different features. One solid methodology for a fair comparison is to apply inverse propensity weighting with doubly robust estimation to the observational data. However the existing methods were not designed for the online advertising campaign, which usually suffers from huge volume of users, high dimensionality, high sparsity and imbalance. We propose an efficient framework to address these challenges in a real campaign circumstance. We utilize gradient boosting stumps for feature selection and gradient boosting trees for model fitting, and propose a subsampling-and-backscaling procedure that enables analysis on extremely sparse conversion data. The choice of features, models and feature selection scheme are validated with irrelevant conversion test. We further propose a parallel computing strategy, combined with the subsampling-and-backscaling procedure to reach computational efficiency. Our framework is applied to an online campaign involving millions of unique users, which shows substantially better model fitting and efficiency. Our framework can be further generalized to comparison of multiple treatments and more general treatment regimes, as sketched in the paper. Our framework is not limited to online advertising, but also applicable to other circumstances (e.g., social science) where a 'fair' comparison is needed with observational data.
Nigella sativa relieves the deleterious effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on liver (2008)

Our results suggest that Nigella sativa treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Front-and-rear-wheel-independent-drive type electric vehicle (FRID EV) with the outstanding driving performance suitable for next-generation adavanced EVs (2009)

A front-and-rear-wheel-independent-drive-type-electric vehicle (FRID EV) is being developed as the next generation EV with optimum characteristics compatible in driving performance and safety. The FRID EV development work has included studying the driving performance and safety of all types of propulsion systems. Since the FRID EV has propulsion systems which can control the driving and braking torques of the front and rear wheels independently, various outstanding and indispensable functions are produced. Three functions which EVs developed until now could not have are shown here experimentally. The first is the failsafe function under which vehicles continue running without any unexpected sudden stops, even if one of the propulsion systems fails. The second is the function for performing efficient acceleration and deceleration on all roads by suitably distributing the driving or braking torques to the front and rear wheels according to the road surface conditions. The third is the function for ensuring safe running on bad roads, i. e., low mu-roads like frozen roads, by simultaneously controlling slip ratios of the front and rear wheels in consideration of load movement. These are functions are unique to the FRID EV and they have not be realized previously in any gasoline engine-powered car, hybrid car or conventional electric vehicle.
High-performance p-channel transistors with transparent Zn doped-CuI (2020)

'Ideal' transparent p-type semiconductors are required for the integration of high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) and circuits. Although CuI has recently attracted attention owing to its excellent opto-electrical properties, solution processability, and low-temperature synthesis, the uncontrolled copper vacancy generation and subsequent excessive hole doping hinder its use as a semiconductor material in TFT devices. In this study, we propose a doping approach through soft chemical solution process and transparent p-type Zn-doped CuI semiconductor for high-performance TFTs and circuits. The optimised TFTs annealed at 80 °C exhibit a high hole mobility of over 5 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and high on/off current ratio of ~10<sup>7</sup> with good operational stability and reproducibility. The CuI:Zn semiconductors show intrinsic advantages for next-generation TFT applications and wider applications in optoelectronics and energy conversion/storage devices. This study paves the way for the realisation of transparent, flexible, and large-area integrated circuits combined with n-type metal-oxide semiconductor.
Precipitation-Static (P-Static) Overview of Composite Aircraft (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Aircraft charging due to p-static results from two atmospheric conditions: 1) the vehicle’s presence in a thunderstorm, and 2) the triboelectric charging (frictional) caused by neutral snow, rain, or dust particle bombardment of the vehicle frontal surface. Both charging mechanisms can lead to p-static interference by the following mechanisms of charge redistribution: 1) corona discharges from sharp-edged extremities, 2) streamer discharges on dielectric surfaces, and 3) arc over between electrically isolated or intermittently grounded metallic sections.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Corona discharges have spectral energy primarily in the LF through HF region but can have potentially significant energy levels in the VHF/UHF bands. Streamer noise is caused by charge buildup on non-conductive vehicle frontal areas such as radomes and windshields. The spectral energy content of streamer discharges extends beyond the UHF band; but the noise amplitude is low and the potential for RF interference is only a threat if the receive antennas are located close to the streamer discharge source.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An aircraft charged or exposed to fields due only to triboelectric charging may develop corona and limited streamering at its extremities, but it will not trigger lightning. A vehicle such as the B-2 with its large effective area is vulnerable to static charging. The B-2 is thus vulnerable to significant surface static discharge damage if the static discharge system is not optimized. These in-service issues for the B-2 underscore the criticality of a comprehensive design approach with composite materials and finishes to minimize static discharge occurrences.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Materials can be characterized as insulators, static free, or conductor. These are rather broad categories that are defined in terms of ohm/square characteristics. Materials with surface resistivities &gt; 10<sup>12</sup> ohm/square are likely to develop electrostatic charges which will not bleed off by themselves due to the high electrical insulating property of the surface.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper addresses static free materials primarily. Static dissipative composites are, in general, composed of conductive materials such as carbon or metallic particles which are distributed within an insulating medium. The conductive elements are randomly distributed throughout the surface as well as in the bulk portion of the material so that a required amount of volume and surface electrical resistivity are realized. This paper will furthermore provide an overview of material characterization techniques prior to adaptation to a platform and verification techniques after installation.</div>
SPOT PATTERNS AND SILSBEE CHAINS ON A Cu SINGLE CRYSTAL (1966)

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Basolateral Targeting of ERBB2 Is Dependent on a Novel Bipartite Juxtamembrane Sorting Signal but Independent of the C-Terminal ERBIN-Binding Domain (2002)

ERBB2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase present on the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelia and has important functions in organ development and tumorigenesis. Using mutagenic analyses and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we have investigated the signals that regulate basolateral targeting of ERBB2. We show that basolateral delivery of ERBB2 is dependent on a novel bipartite juxtamembrane sorting signal residing between Gln-692 and Thr-701. The signal shows only limited sequence homology to known basolateral targeting signals and is both necessary and sufficient for correct sorting of ERBB2. In addition we demonstrate that this motif can function as a dominant basolateral targeting signal by its ability to redirect the apically localized P75 neurotrophin receptor to the basolateral membrane domain of polarized epithelial cells. Interestingly, LLC-PK1 cells, which are deficient for the micro 1B subunit of the AP1B adaptor complex, missort a large proportion of ERBB2 to the apical membrane domain. This missorting can be partially corrected by the introduction of micro 1B, suggesting a possible role for AP1B in ERBB2 endosomal trafficking. Furthermore, we find that the C-terminal ERBIN binding domain of ERBB2 is not necessary for its basolateral targeting in MDCK cells.
El concepto de desarrollo humano: En la doctrina social de la iglesia. (1994)

Este ensayo explora la evolucion del concepto de desarrollo a traves de la historia, teniendo como elementos basicos de referencia a la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y a la teoria Economica. En desarrollo de este objetivo. se plantearan inicialmente las reflexiones y los aportes de la D.S.I. al concepto de desarrollo. partiendo de los pronunciamientos contenidos en las cartas enci­clicas Rerum Novarum del Papa Leon XIII. Populorum Progressio del Papa Paulo VI, Laborens Exercens, Solicilud Social y Centesimus Annus del Papa Juan Pablo 11. Luego se muestra como ha evolucionado dicho concepto en la teoria economica y el papel que en ello ha jugado la D.S.I. Como hipotesis de trabajo, se plantea que los precursores de la teori­a economica concentraban ya su atencion en los individuos: La humanidad como fin de la actividad economica. no como simple medio. Dicho enfoque del desarrollo. aunque se pierde durante la tradicion neoclasica, ha evolucionado positivamente en las ultimas decadas, al interior del estructuralismo latinoamericano y de la Economia Social de Mercado desarrollada en Alemania a partir de la segunda post- guerra. Es decir. hace varias decadas que se ha venido abandonando el mito reduccionista del desarrollo por derrame , algo en lo cual tiene mucho que ver la D.S.I
Application of Six Sigma methodology to a diagnostic imaging process (2012)

This paper supports the need to apply Six Sigma and present an evaluation of the process in an imaging department.
Arginine-rich regions succeeding the nuclear localization region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein ICP27 are required for efficient nuclear localization and late gene expression (1995)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein ICP27 is an essential regulatory protein that localizes to the nuclei of infected cells. The strong nuclear localization signal (NLS) of ICP27 was identified recently and shown to reside in the amino-terminal portion of the polypeptide from residues 110 to 137 (W.E. Mears, V. Lam, and S.A. Rice, J. Virol. 69:935-947, 1995). There are also two arginine-rich regions directly succeeding the NLS. The first of these arginine-rich sequences (residues 141 to 151), together with the NLS, has been shown by Mears et al. to form the nucleolar localization signal. Arginine-rich motifs are common in domains involved in nuclear localization and RNA binding. To analyze the role of the arginine-rich regions in ICP27, we constructed stably transformed cell lines containing ICP27 mutants with deletions of all or parts of the NLS and arginine-rich regions. We also constructed mutants in which these regions were replaced with heterologous NLSs or RNA-binding domains. Characterization of these mutants indicated that the arginine-rich regions were required but not sufficient for wild-type localization of ICP27. More importantly, the NLS and arginine-rich regions were also essential to the function of ICP27. Mutants lacking these sequences were defective in late gene expression during infection even when ICP27 was properly localized to the nucleus by substitution of the NLS from simian virus 40 large T antigen. Further, the defect in late gene expression could not be overcome by replacement with the highly basic RNA-binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat. The deficiency in late gene expression was independent of ICP27's role in stimulating viral DNA replication. In addition, localization of the HSV-1 proteins ICP4, ICP0, and ICP8 was unaffected by ICP27 mutants in this region. These results suggest that the arginine-rich regions are required for efficient nuclear localization and for the regulatory activity of ICP27 involved in viral late gene expression.
SARS-CoV-2 in humans (2021)

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 became pandemic at the beginning of 2020, and caused about 80 million cases and more than 1.8 million deaths by the end of the year. As its relatives MERS- and SARS-CoV, but in contrast to the four human coronaviruses circulating worldwide, SARS-CoV-2 in a sizeable fraction of cases leads to a severe and potentially life-threatening disease, called COVID-19. Since in addition this virus is very contagious, particularly prior to onset or in absence of symptoms, and pre-existing immunity appears to be largely absent or at least of very little relevance, it is spreading rapidly in the population. A hallmark of COVID-19 is an at least partially detrimental immune response that not only can lead to serious lung damage, but may also damage organs outside the respiratory tract such as the heart and kidneys. This review summarizes current knowledge about the virus and the disease it causes, and outlines open questions in the different research fields.
A rational approach to testing MPEG-2 (1997)

Any complex electronic communication system presents a variety of challenges during design, installation, and operation. In MPEG-2 systems, problems usually show up in two areas: testing and interoperability. Test procedures put together without adequate understanding of the hierarchical nature of the MPEG-2 transport stream may allot too much time to the scrutiny of less important parameters, while possibly allowing more important ones to escape notice. Interoperability problems may arise not only from obvious physical incompatibilities, like mismatched connectors, but also from more subtle discrepancies, like inconsistent uses of reserved packet-identification values. The paper provides a feel for the sorts of problems routinely encountered in MPEG-2 transmission systems and supply some practical guidelines on test methodology. Because transport operation-but not physical interconnection-is specified by MPEG-2 for decoders, issues relating to the connection of systems and testing devices must be explored. Some typical problems in a sample application, satellite news gathering, are examined as well.
Web service layer security (WSLS) (2008)

Web service (WS)-related security standards provide a comprehensive framework to develop and implement security systems for WS environments. These standards are often broad in scope, and the price of this generality is a high level of complexity. This in turn can lead to potential security problems. Web services are a powerful set of technologies that can be used to build service-oriented architectures (SOA). Current security mechanisms are not flexible, efficient and manageable enough for SOA-associated collaboration patterns and business models. This demands adequate security mechanisms respecting the specific requirements of web service-based SOA.
Dual-band monopole antenna with shorted parasitic element (2005)

A printed dual-band C-shaped monopole antenna with a shorted parasitic element is proposed. The proposed antenna can provide two separate impedance bandwidths of 156 MHz (about 6.4% centred at 2.45 GHz) and 2048 MHz (about 37% centred at 5.5 GHz), making it easily cover the required bandwidths for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation in the 2.4 GHz band (about 3.4% bandwidth required) and 5.2/5.8 GHz bands (about 13% bandwidth required). Furthermore, the proposed antenna shows a low-profile of 635 mm above the ground plane. Details of the proposed antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Relationships Between Intravenous Glucose Loads, Insulin Responses and Glucose Disappearance Rate<sup>1</sup> (1971)

In order to evaluate the relation between insulin responses, glucose loads and glucose disappearance rate, normal subjects were given glucose doses from 0.5 to 40 g by rapid intravenous injection. A highly linear correlation was seen between dose and the rapidly attained peak plasma glucose level measured as either the mean of the 3- through 5-min (3–5′) absolute (r=+.98) or 3–5′ incremental (Δ) (r=+.98) glucose value, suggesting any of these parameters can be employed as an index of the glucose stimulus. Estimated from the 3–5′ Δ plasma insulin levels, the early insulin response, which has been previously shown to be derived from a functional pool of stored insulin, increased in a nonlinear manner over the entire dosage range. In contrast, the total incremental insulin area increased linearly (r=+.85) with increasing glucose loads, suggesting that the total insulin output proportionally responds to the size of the glucose dose. Glucose tolerance measured as the glucose disappearance rate (Kg) was also a nonlinear function of glucose dose and therefore was highly correlated (r=+.72) with the acute insulin response but less well with the total incremental insulin output. Furthermore, within the 20 g glucose dose, the Kg was highly correlated with the acute insulin response (r=+.66) but not with total insulin output (r=+.04). These observations suggest that the storage pool of readily available insulin is small and finite and the magnitude of the response from this pool is an important determinant of intravenous glucose tolerance (Kg).
Environmental Aesthetics: Philosophic Foundations and Methodological Perspectives (2006)

This paper present s. first, a historic-philosophic discourse as the foundation aimed at the forming of integrated methodological perspectives for discussing critical issues in environmental aesthetics by examining the competing paradigms of general aesthetics, the objectivist and the subjectivist, through the evolving patterns of philosophic positions from classical Greek era to around the end of the 18th century. Then, while tracing the emergence of scientific research of aesthetic appreciation which started from around the middle of the last century that mostly employed cognitive approaches based on natural science mentality, a broader probing of non-sensory factors is found to be vital to truly understand the complexity of modern-day environmental aesthetics, including discussions of the possibility that cultural identity, societal sense and eve n personal preference with one's surroundings can lead people to form emotional attachments to their surroundings and thereby develop a greater sense about the value and scope of the study of environmental aesthetics.
Data-driven model construction for continuous speech recognition using overlapping articulatory features (2000)

A new, data-driven approach to deriving overlapping articulatory-feature based HMMs for speech recognition is presented in this paper. This approach uses speech data from University of Wisconsin's Microbeam X-ray Speech Production Database. Regression tree models were created for constructing HMMs. Use of actual articulatory data improves upon our previous rule-based feature overlapping system. The regression trees allow construction of the HMM topology for an arbitrary utterance given its phonetic transcription and some prosodic information. Experimental results in ASR show preliminary success of this approach.
Improved Spectroscopic Constants for <sup>14</sup>C<sup>16</sup>O2 Obtained from the ν<sub>3</sub> Band (1989)

The absorption spectra of carrier free 14 C 16 O 2 in the spectral range of 2290-2150 cm −1 by a medium resolution FTIR spectrometer, and the spectral region of 2258 − 2229 cm −1 with a high resolution tunable diode laser spectrometer have been recorded. Spectroscopic constants were calculated from the 00 0 1 − 00 0 0 and 01 1 1 −01 1 0 transitions.
The effect of disulfiram on the carcinogenicity of N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine in the rat (1983)

N-Butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN) is a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of the bladder specific carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHBN). The objective of this study was to determine if disulfiram would inhibit the induction of bladder cancer in rats given BCPN, as reported for BHBN (Cancer Res., 39, 3040, 1979). Two groups of 30 male Wistar rats were given 1.5 mM BCPN (0.028%) in the drinking water for 12 weeks. The total dose of BCPN/rat was 5 mmol (0.95 g). During administration of the BCPN, one group of rats was fed a diet containing 0.5% disulfiram, while the other group was maintained on control diet. At the end of 12 weeks, the animals were maintained on control diet without BCPN for an additional 18 weeks, at which time the animals were sacrificed. It was found that 0.5% disulfiram significantly reduced the incidence of bladder cancer, decreasing from 30/30 (100%) in the group receiving BCPN alone to 3/30 (10%) in the group fed the disulfiram diet. The inhibition of BHBN-induced bladder cancer by disulfiram, previously reported, was also confirmed in these experiments.
既平等,又不平等:关于家庭法的女权主义观点 (1987)

法律具有双重目的:一是制定条文规定,以便使人们能够了解到他们自身的权利,因而做起事来井然有序,避免发生纠纷;第二,提供一个模式,以解决仍然会出现的各种纠纷.新西兰的家庭法赋予妇女既作为母亲又作为配偶的平等权利,但运用这条法律的许多妇女的亲身体验表明,她们是处于不利的地位,并受到不公正的对待.从新西兰家庭法的大多数条款来看,妇女与男
Inflammation-Mediated Osteopenia in the Rat: A New Animal Model for Pathological Loss of Bone Mass<sup>*</sup> (1984)

We have developed a rat model of inflammation-mediated osteopenia. Generalized loss of trabecular bone occurs in the rat after sc injection of nonspecific irritants such as talcum (magnesium silicate) and cotton wool (Cellulose). Although it appears likely that a systemic mediator of bone resorption is responsible for these effects, the loss of bone was not due to increased PTH secretion, since it occurred in parathyroidectomized rats, nor due to excessive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 production. In parathyroidectomized rats, this inflammation was associated with significant increase in serum calcium within 4-7 days independent of its cause. Identification and characterization of this mechanism may provide insight into the bone loss associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease.