gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Survival of Microorganisms in Fixed and Stained Preparations* (1939)

The Survival of Microorganisms in Fixed and Stained Preparations* Harry E. Morton Harry E. Morton Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 9, Issue ts3_2, March 1939, Pages 68–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/9.2_ts.68 Published: 01 March 1939 Article history Received: 05 October 1938 Published: 01 March 1939
ISOZYME VARIATION AND GENETICS IN ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS (1991)

We have used isozyme techniques (SGE) to assess variation and begin construction of a genetic map of the Asparagus officinalis genome. Isozyme extraction buffers, electrophoretic buffer systems, and isozyme stability during storage were evaluated. Isozyme expression under different environmental conditions was also examined. Thirty-four enzymes were evaluated for their usefulness as genetic markers in A. officinalis. Of these 34, 13 had sufficient activity and resolution on the gels for isozyme analysis. Of the 13 enzyme systems resolved, polymorphisms were observed in aconitase, endopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and shikimate dehydrogenase. Segregation of putative alleles is presented for ACON, END, MDH, PGM and SKDH isozymes. Co-segregation data showed linkage between a SKDH locus and a PGM locus. The isozyme analysis also included Asparagus densiflorus `Sprengeri' and revealed that aspartate aminotransaminase, endopeptidase, and triosephosphate isomerase would be potentially useful for verification of cell fusion products between the two species.
Mona: an Affordable Open-Source Mobile Robot for Education and Research (2018)

Mobile robots are playing a significant role in Higher Education science and engineering teaching, as they offer a flexible platform to explore and teach a wide-range of topics such as mechanics, electronics and software. Unfortunately the widespread adoption is limited by their high cost and the complexity of user interfaces and programming tools. To overcome these issues, a new affordable, adaptable and easy-to-use robotic platform is proposed. Mona is a low-cost, open-source and open-hardware mobile robot, which has been developed to be compatible with a number of standard programming environments. The robot has been successfully used for both education and research at The University of Manchester, UK.
History of the Film: Coffee-Table Books (1970)

Abstract Richard Griffith and Arthur Mayer The Movies (Simon and Schuster, $19.95) Larry Carr's Four Fabulous Faces (Arlington House, $40.00, available from Nostalgia Book Club at $19.95) David Shipman's The Groat Movie Stars: The Golden Years (Crown, $10.00 which with 450 pictures covers the history of Hollywood stars from the 1920s to 1945— just before the system began to come apart Alan G. Barbour's Days of Thrills and Adventure (Macmillan, $6.95, also available in Collier paperback, $3.95) Richard Gertner of Films In America: 1929-1969 (Golden Press, $12.95, but $9.95 before January 1st) Raymond Lee's Not so Dumb: Animals in the Movies (A.S. Barnes, $8.50) Charles Higham's Tho Films of Orson Welles (University of California Press, $10.95)
&lt;i&gt;Commiphora wightii&lt;/i&gt; (Arnott) Bhandari—A Natural Source of Guggulsterone: Facing a High Risk of Extinction in Its Natural Habitat (2013)

The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of population pressure are causes of great concern. The IUCN includes, the species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild as threatened, and “endangered” is one of the sub-categories under “threatened” category. Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an arid region plant, highly valued for its medicinally important guggul gum-resin as a source of guggulsterone. It is listed in IUCN’s Red Data List of threatened plants and now it is becoming endangered. Its population is fast depleting in its natural habitat, primarily due to over-exploitation, unsustainable and destructive methods of gum-extraction coupled with natural dry-arid habitat, slow growth and poor regeneration of the plant. Several other reasons have also been indicated for its declining population. Therefore, it demands severe measures for its conservation before we completely lose this important medicinal plant. A lot of research and study is underway but has vast scope for improvement, requiring efforts to supplement with such information that would aid transgenic development and breeding programmes for production and cultivation of improved varieties. The article presents the importance of this plant and its conservation in a nut-shell.
HIGH RESOLUTION ION KINETIC ENERGY ANALYSIS OF FIELD EMITTED IONS (1988)

Ion kinetic energy distributions in pulsed-laser stimulated field desorption of inert gases and deuterium, and in field evaporation of metal-helide ions have been obtained by using the high resolution pulsed-laser time-of-flight atom-probe. For field desorption of deuterium in a field of 2.0 V/Å to 3.0 V/Å, field induced resonance tunneling peaks and features of field dissociation process in D+ and D2+ have been clearly observed. The energy distributions of D+ contain a small primary peak which is due to formation of the ions in the ordinary field ionization zone. The secondary peaks, which may be more prominant than the primary peak, are ions formed in field dissociation of those D2+ ions produced in field ionization zone and also in resonance tunneling. As the resolution of the pulsed-laser ToF atom-probe has now been improved by a factor of at least 5, we are also searching for secondary structures produced by the vibrational motion in field dissociation of HeRh2+ ions.
Cycloadditions of Carbonyl Ylides Derived from Diazocarbonyl Compounds (2012)

Abstract [3 + 2] cycloadditions of carbonyl ylides with dipolarophiles provides a synthetically powerful way to make a variety of 5‐membered oxacycles. One of the best ways to generate carbonyl ylide intermediates is by transition metal‐catalyzed loss of nitrogen from diazocarbonyl compounds and trapping of the resultant metallocarbenes by a carbonyl group. This chapter covers the metal‐catalyzed intra‐ and intermolecular cycloadditions of carbonyl ylides derived from diazocarbonyl compounds with various dipolarophiles. The literature up to the end of 2011 is covered. A comprehensive discussion is provided of mechanism and stereochemistry, regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and asymmetric cycloadditions. The structural scope at the diazo group, of the carbonyl group forming the ylide, and of the dipolarophile is delineated. A systematic analysis is presented of the scope and limitations of intra‐ and intermolecular cycloadditions of cyclic diazocarbonyl‐derived carbonyl ylides from ketones, esters, amides or imides, including cycloadditions of aromatic pyrylium and isomünchnone ylides. The generation of acyclic carbonyl ylides from aldehydes, ketones, or imides and their cycloadditions is also reviewed. Finally, important applications to the total synthesis of natural products and a critical comparison with other methods for carbonyl ylide generation‐cycloaddition are presented.
Switching dynamics in ferroelectric-charge hybrid nonvolatile memory (2012)

A statistical model is proposed for ferroelectric (FE) polarization switching response during program and retention in FE-charge hybrid nonvolatile memory. During the program pulse, high fields first occur in the FE layer and then transfer to tunnel oxide after FE polarization, which leads to a two-step process: (a) rapid domain switching (~1ns - 100ns) and (b) electron injection into the floating gate (~10μs - 1ms). This device can be potentially used as a dual-mode memory with a fast low-retention mode (DRAM), and a slower high-retention mode (Flash).
Prediction of ASTM Method D86 Distillation of Gasolines and Naphthas according to the Fugacity-Filmmodel from Gas Chromatographic Detailed Hydocarbon Analysis (1998)

Light refinery streams and finished gasolines are analyzed with different gas chromatography methods. Kovts indices and mole fractions of the components are used to determine physico-chemical properties. These properties are used in the fugacity-filmmodel, obtained from the combination of Fick's Law and Henry's Law. Calculated temperature/volume data are compared with experimental data from the 1996 80-laboratory crosscheck of ASTM D86 distillation within the standard deviation.
Carrier Detection of Haemophilia B by Using an Intragenic Restriction-Fragment Length Polymorphism (1985)

We analysed DNA from individuals of five families with haemophilia B, including nineteen potential carriers. A gene-specific probe was used to reveal a TaqI restriction-fragment length polymorphism. Segregation analysis of the polymorphic marker and the deleterious mutation within families allowed diagnosis at the gene level for 16 out of the 19 potential carriers, two proving to be carriers and 14 non-carriers. The obvious advantage is that lyonisation, which is a limiting factor when gene product (clotting factor IX) measurements are used for carrier detection, does not interfere with this procedure and that the result is a definitive diagnosis instead of a risk estimate. The method also permits prenatal diagnosis on chorionic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy. Restriction-fragment length analysis, based upon the probe and restriction enzyme used in this study, will be informative for approximately 45% of the individuals at risk of carrying or transmitting the haemophilia B mutation.
Similarities in error processing establish a link between saccade prediction at baseline and adaptation performance (2014)

Adaptive processes are crucial in maintaining the accuracy of body movements and rely on error storage and processing mechanisms. Although classically studied with adaptation paradigms, evidence of these ongoing error-correction mechanisms should also be detectable in other movements. Despite this connection, current adaptation models are challenged when forecasting adaptation ability with measures of baseline behavior. On the other hand, we have previously identified an error-correction process present in a particular form of baseline behavior, the generation of predictive saccades. This process exhibits long-term intertrial correlations that decay gradually (as a power law) and are best characterized with the tools of fractal time series analysis. Since this baseline task and adaptation both involve error storage and processing, we sought to find a link between the intertrial correlations of the error-correction process in predictive saccades and the ability of subjects to alter their saccade amplitudes during an adaptation task. Here we find just such a relationship: the stronger the intertrial correlations during prediction, the more rapid the acquisition of adaptation. This reinforces the links found previously between prediction and adaptation in motor control and suggests that current adaptation models are inadequate to capture the complete dynamics of these error-correction processes. A better understanding of the similarities in error processing between prediction and adaptation might provide the means to forecast adaptation ability with a baseline task. This would have many potential uses in physical therapy and the general design of paradigms of motor adaptation.
Orbital Metastasis as the Initial Finding of Breast Carcinoma: A Ten-Year Survival (2005)

A 50-year-old woman with a clinically negative breast examination was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer only after pathologic evidence of an orbital metastasis. She presented with pressure and pain above the right eye associated with enophthalmos and pseudo-Brown syndrome. The diagnosis of breast cancer based on initial ophthalmic findings requires a strong level of suspicion. Multiple reports show that survival in these cases is limited, usually only 1 year after diagnosis. We present a case of 10-year survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer presenting as an orbital mass. These new findings provoke us to continue aggressive systemic and ophthalmic treatment for such patients.
Prostate cancer region prediction by fusing results from MALDI spectra–processing and texture analysis (2012)

We present a three-step method to predict prostate cancer (PCa) regions on biopsy tissue samples based on high-confidence, low-resolution PCa regions marked by a pathologist. First, we will apply a texture-analysis technique on a high-magnification optical image to predict PCa regions on an adjacent tissue slice. Second, we will design a prediction model for the same purpose, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) tissue-imaging data from the adjacent slice. Finally, we will fuse those two results to obtain the PCa regions that will assist MALDI imaging biomarker identification. Experiment results show that the texture analysis–based prediction is sensitive (87.45%) but less specific (75%), and the prediction based on the MALDI spectra data processing is not sensitive (50.98%) but supremely specific (100%). By combining these two results, an optimized prediction for PCa regions on the adjacent slice can be achieved (sensitivity: 80.39%, specificity: 93.09%).
Influence of Hydrogen Annealing on the Photocatalytic Activity of Diamond-Supported Gold Catalysts (2013)

Fenton-treated diamond nanoparticles have been submitted to hydrogen reduction at 500 °C with the purpose of modifying the nature of the functional groups present on the diamond surface. The nature of the functional groups on the diamond samples was characterized by a combination of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. In particular, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the decrease in the population of carboxylic acids, esters, and anhydrides after hydrogen treatment. XPS also shows a decrease on the oxygen content after the hydrogen treatment of the diamond nanoparticles and lower electronegativity of the carbons as assessed by the lower binding energy values. Although Fenton-treated diamond colloids in water changes the zeta potential from positive to negative values as a function of the pH, hydrogen annealing and the disappearance of the carboxyl groups determines that the zeta potential of the resulting sample remains positive in the complete pH range. Deposition of gold nanoparticles was carried out by the polyol method consisting on the reduction of HAuCl4 by hot ethylene glycol in the presence of the support. TEM analysis shows a variation of the average gold nanoparticle size that decreases after hydrogen reduction of carboxylic groups and becomes smaller for low gold loadings. The catalytic activity of the diamond supported gold nanoparticles as a function of the surface annealing treatment and gold loading was evaluated for the natural sunlight-assisted peroxidation of phenol by H2O2. It was observed that the most efficient sample was the one having lower gold nanoparticle size that was obtained for diamond samples reduced by hydrogen at 500 °C after the Fenton treatment and having low gold loading (0.05 wt %). Turnover frequencies above 2400 and 940 h(-1) were obtained for phenol degradation and H2O2 decomposition, respectively.
Methane partial oxidation to methanol over Ga2O3 based catalysts: use of the CH4/D2 exchange reaction as a design tool (1996)

The CH4/D2 exchange reaction in used as an indication of methane activation over potential oxide catalysts; Ga2O3 exhibits an exchange rate over two orders of magnitude higher than other simple oxides and this approach leads to the identification of Ga2O3/MoO3 as a selective catalyst for methane partial oxidation to methanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Coextrusion for Food Ingredients and Nutraceutical Encapsulation: Principles and Technology (2013)

Abstract Review: 34 refs.
A New 16N-Carboxyethyl Derivative of 3,12-Dihydroroquefortin (2003)

New 16N-carboxyethyl derivative (2) of 3,12-dihydroroquefortin (1) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium aureovirens VKM FW-766.Structure of 2 was settled on the basis of MS spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Arenaviruses (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Properties of the Virus Ultrastructure of Arenaviruses and Infected Cells Chemical Composition Replication Diagnosis of Human Arenavirus Infections Antigenic Relationships Clinical and Pathological Aspects Persistent Infection Pathology of Arenavirus Infections: General Features Emerging Arenavirus Infections Summary References
Gephyronic Acid, a Missing Link between Polyketide Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis (Part II): Total Synthesis of Gephyronic Acid (2010)

19 steps in the longest linear sequence are required in the 27 step total synthesis of gephyronic acid. A key step is a diastereodifferentiating Mukaiyama aldol reaction of an aldehyde and an enolsilane (see picture, PG: protecting group). The strongly cytotoxic target compound is a structural relative of the polyketide tedanolide and was isolated from the myxobacterium Archangium gephyra.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Selenothioic Acid S‐Esters with Trivalent Phosphorus Compounds: New Synthetic Methods for α‐Phosphoryl Alkyl Sulfides and Alkyl Selenides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantitative SPECT imaging with indium-111 (1991)

The potential of SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) to quantify the distribution of indium-111 was investigated in an experimental phantom study. Nonuniform attenuation compensation using acquired transmission data was compared to uniform compensation based on reconstructed quantitative accuracy and noise. The reconstructed transmission data provided the attenuation map for the nonuniform compensation. Results showed that nonuniform attenuation compensation improved image quality, quantitative accuracy, and noise compared to uniform compensation. Noise increased with a decrease in counts in the nonuniform attenuation map but remained substantially below the uniform compensation level. The noise effect was observed with both Chang and ML-EM (maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization) reconstruction methods. Independent reconstruction of the 172- and 247-keV emission data was compared to the reconstruction of the combined 172- and 247-keV projection data. Improved quantitative accuracy and image noise resulted when both In-111 emission energies were used. However, independent reconstruction of the two energies did not substantially improve accuracy or noise compared with the reconstruction of the combined data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Zirconium & Hafnium: Inorganic & Coordination ChemistryBased in part on the article Zirconium & Hafnium: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry by Grigorii L. Soloveichik which appeared in the <i>Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition</i> . (2005)

Abstract The inorganic and coordination chemistry of zirconium and hafnium is described. The physical properties of the metals, as well as their isolation, purification, and commercial and industrial uses are discussed. A section on the binary compounds of zirconium and hafnium containing hydride and main group elements follows. Oxoacid salts of the two metals are described, as well as aqueous chemistry. Examples of zirconium and hafnium coordination chemistry are presented according to ligand type: molecular and silica‐supported hydride complexes; ionic and neutral halide complexes; complexes with oxygen donor ligands; complexes with nitrogen donor ligands; dinitrogen complexes; complexes with phosphorus and sulphur donors ligands; complexes with mixed‐donor ligands. Lastly, lower oxidation state inorganic, coordination, and cluster compounds are discussed.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on calmodulin: calcium-dependent spectral change of proteolytic fragments (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance studies on calmodulin: calcium-dependent spectral change of proteolytic fragmentsMitsuhiko Ikura, Toshifumi Hiraoki, Kunio Hikichi, Osamu Minowa, Haruhiko Yamaguchi, Michio Yazawa, and Koichi YagiCite this: Biochemistry 1984, 23, 14, 3124–3128Publication Date (Print):July 3, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 July 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00309a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (628 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
When is VE Training Effective? A Framework and Two Case Studies (2004)

There are a number of studies that suggest that virtual environment (VE) systems can facilitate transfer of training (Darken & Peterson, 2002; Péruch, Belingard, & Thinus-Blanc, 2000; Rose et al., 2001). Yet this benefit is not universal, as Brooks et al. (2002) found that VE training was not beneficial for a recognition task. Thus, VE training may facilitate some types of training tasks, while not benefiting others. As technology pushes training more frequently into highly immersive environments, it is important to delineate and examine characteristics of VE trainers (such as egocentric perspective or multimodal interactivity) and consider the impact these characteristics have on training tasks and desired outcomes. Towards this end, a preliminary framework is herein presented which suggests that specific characteristics of VE systems impact specific training outcomes. This effort presents two operationally-based case studies that begin to examine different parts of the proposed framework. The first study examines how egocentric perspective was introduced into helicopter navigator training to impact spatial knowledge acquisition; the second study investigates how a VE was used to introduce interactivity into training to improve training outcomes for procedural knowledge. Given the low number of participants, no substantive conclusions can be made; rather, the studies are framed as an initial approach to VE training effectiveness within a theoretical model.