gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The clustered Fcγ receptor II is recruited to Lyn-containing membrane domains and undergoes phosphorylation in a cholesterol-dependent manner (2001)

Phosphorylation of clustered Fcgamma receptor II (FcgammaRII) by Src family tyrosine kinases is the earliest event in the receptor signaling cascade. However, the molecular mechanisms for the interaction between FcgammaRII and these kinases are not elucidated. To asses this problem we isolated high molecular weight complexes of cross-linked FcgammaRII from non-ionic detergent lysates of U937 monocytic cells. CD55, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, a ganglioside GM1 and Lyn, a Src family tyrosine kinase, were also located in these complexes. Gradient centrifugation demonstrated that the complexes containing cross-linked FcgammaRII displayed a low buoyant density. The FcgammaRII present in the complexes underwent tyrosine phosphorylation. Cross-linked FcgammaRII and Lyn occupied common 100-200 nm detergent-resistant membrane fragments, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and microscopy studies. Pretreatment of the cells with beta-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol acceptor, depleted membrane cholesterol and released CD55, GM1 and Lyn from the detergent-resistant complexes. In parallel, the association of Lyn with cross-linked FcgammaRII was disrupted and phosphorylation of the receptor inhibited. Reincorporation of cholesterol evoked the relocation of Lyn into the detergent-resistant membrane fraction and restored both Lyn association with cross-linked FcgammaRII and tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor. Our data demonstrate that cholesterol-enriched membrane rafts can facilitate tyrosine phosphorylation of clustered FcgammaRII by Lyn kinase.
High-resolution genotyping of Salmonella strains by AFLP-fingerprinting (1998)

High resolution AFLP fingerprinting, in which subsets of genomic restriction fragments are amplified by means of PCR, was used for the identification of different. Salmonella serotypes to investigate whether this technique is applicable in epidemiological studies. Seventy-eight different Salmonella strains comprising 62 serotypes were genetically identified by AFLP. Primer combination M00 (MseI primer without additional 3' nucleotides) and E11 (EcoRI primer with two additional 3' nucleotides) resulted in reproducible profiles containing approximately 50 bands. All serotypes were characterized by a unique profile. In addition, AFLP fingerprinting enabled phage type identification. Different strains previously identified as identical, using typing methods with lower resolution, could be distinguished, showing that AFLP fingerprinting is well suited for bacterial epidemiology and identification.
A New Mechanical Ski Binding with Heel Release Activated by the Bending Moment at the Boot Sole (1993)

This article describes a design concept for a new mechanical ski binding where heel release is activated exclusively by the anterior/posterior bending moment at the boot sole rather than the upwards force at the boot heel. This moment possibly correlates more strongly to the bending moment at the site of boot-top fractures than the upwards heel force. To gain this performance, the boot is forced to pivot about an axis transverse to the ski and directly beneath the ankle joint. A motion transformer converts vertical motion of the AFD into horizontal motion resisted by compression springs. Inasmuch as heel release is controlled by the degree of motion, adjusting the spring compression adjusts the release level. To activate release of the heelpiece, a Marker M40 binding, which rotates with the boot about the pivot, was modified by replacing the “Sensomatic” mechanism. The modification consists of a specially designed multi-link trigger mechanism that enables the binding to be unlatched without forcibly overcoming the spring force. This mechanism enables a force of 0.5N to activate release when the upwards force on the heel cup is 1000N (forward lean bending moment ∼270 Nm). Despite the incorporation of this trigger mechanism, the vertical elasticity, longitudinal compliance, and adjustability to different boot sole lengths are preserved. To demonstrate the workability of the concept, a prototype was constructed and tested successfully. With the workability of the concept proven, the development of a skiable prototype appears to be a worthwhile next step.
Fracture of Bone (1970)

Fracture of bone is investigated by measuring the energy required to propagate a crack and by observing, microscopically, the mechanism of fracture. At low strain rates bone displays very high resistance to crack propagation comparable even to some metallic materials. The type of fracture is similar to fiber-reinforced composite materials.
BPS: A Performance Metric of I/O System (2013)

It is known that I/O system rather than CPU and memory is the performance killer of many of the newly emerged data intensive applications. Evaluating and understanding I/O system performance has become a timely issue facing the high performance computing community. Conventional I/O performance metrics, such as Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS), bandwidth, response time, etc., are effective for traditional I/O environments. However, as I/O systems become more and more complex, existing I/O metrics become less and less able to catch the characteristic of I/O systems performance. In this study, we reveal the limitations of existing metrics, and introduce a novel I/O metric, Blocks Per Second (BPS), to measure the performance of the I/O systems. A unique merit of BPS is that it provides an overall I/O system performance, not the file system performance or disk performance. This is very important; since with concurrency and optimization at the I/O stacks, file system performance and disk performance no long represent the data access performance. In fact, they are often misleading. A methodology is designed to measure BPS, and experiments are conducted with various I/O access patterns and storage configurations. Experimental results show that BPS is significantly more appropriate than existing metrics in I/O performance evaluation.
Improved Vehicle Heating with the Use of PTC Ceramic (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent trends towards engines with lower heat rejection rates in production vehicles has progressively reduced the amount of available ‘waste’ heat for compartment heating. In an effort to reduce compartment heat up time while increasing the compartment temperature, a new PTC (positive temperature coefficient) electric heater system has been developed to supplement the performance of current hot water based vehicle heaters. The PTC supplemental heater system features automatic power adjustment in response to ambient temperature conditions and HVAC fan speed, along with self regulation of the heater temperature. In addition, the power draw of the PTC heater can be matched automatically to the available electrical power level for all vehicle operating conditions. This paper describes the construction, performance characteristics, and applications of the PTC supplemental heater system.</div>
Digestibility of silages in relation to their hydroxycinnamic acid content and lignin composition (2010)

Cell wall digestibility depends on a multiplicity of factors and it is not possible to attribute a causal effect on in vivo digestibility to any single factor. However, syringyl and guaiacyl content and etherified phenols emerge as good predictors of digestibility.
Modulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover on central nicotinic receptors. (1997)

The functions of central nicotinic receptors were modulated by PI turnover.
MEMS for vibration energy harvesting (2007)

In this paper, a capacitive vibration-to-electrical energy harvester was designed. An integrated process flow for fabricating the designed capacitive harvester is presented. For overcoming the disadvantage of depending on external power source in capacitive energy harvester, two parallel electrodes with different work functions are used as the two electrodes of the capacitor to generate a build-in voltage for initially charging the capacitor. The device is a sandwich structure of silicon layer in two glass layers with area of about 1 cm<sup>2</sup>. The silicon structure is fabricated by using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The glass wafers are anodic bonded on to both sides of the SOI wafer to create a vacuum sealed package.
Toward Compositional Analysis of Security Protocols Using Theorem Proving (2000)

Complex security protocols require a formal approach to ensure their correctness. The protocols are frequently composed of several smaller, simpler components. We would like to take advantage of the compositional nature of such protocols to split the large verification task into separate and more manageable pieces. Various formalisms have been used successfully for reasoning about large protocol compositions by hand. However hand proofs are prone to error. Automated proof systems can help make the proofs more rigorous. The goal of our work is to develop an automated proof environment for compositional reasoning about systems. This environment would combine the power of compositional reasoning with the rigor of mechanically-checked proofs. The hope is that the resulting system would be useful in verification of security protocols of real-life size and complexity. Toward this goal we present results of a case study in compositional verification of a private communication protocol with the aid of automated proof tool Isabelle/IOA.
Creep in Shear of Experimental Solder Joints (1990)

Thermal fatigue failures of solder joints in electronic devices are a great concern in the electronics industry. Since the fatigue load is often in shear the details of thermal fatigue failure in shear are of particular interest. Recent work indicates that similar failure mechanisms operate in both thermal fatigue in shear and unidirectional creep in shear. Additionally, since the operative temperatures during thermal fatigue represent high solder homologous temperatures, creep deformation is certainly involved. These factors and the relative case of conducting creep experiments encourage the study of solder joints under shear creep conditions. This work presents steady state shear creep rate vs. shear stress data for several solder compositions, including the binary eutectic alloy and Pb-Sn alloyed with small amounts of Bi, Cd, In, and Sb, in a joint configuration. These data indicate that conventional creep mechanisms operate in the temperature and shear strain rate ranges studies. Extensive microstructural information is also reported. The microstructural evolution under creep conditions indicates that the instability of the as-cast binary Pb-Sn eutectic microstructure initiates creep failure. Changes of the as-solidified microstructure with the third element addition are reported as are the microstructural responses of each of these alloys to creep deformation. The efficacy of postponing the microstructural instability with the addition of small amounts of ternary elements is discussed.
Adherence of mucin and non-mucin-producing staphylococci to preclotted and albumin-coated velour knitted vascular grafts. (1990)

The mechanisms involved in bacterial adherence to vascular grafts are important in understanding prosthetic infections. Albumin-coated Dacron (ACD) is a new development in vascular graft fabrication. However, albumin acts as a receptor for certain gram-positive bacterial adhesions. Five pathogenic, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were used to measure the differential microbial adherence to ACD versus untreated velour-knitted Dacron (VKD) vascular prostheses. Specimens of VKD, preclotted VKD, and ACD were inoculated with each of the five strains (10(7) colony-forming units/ml) for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. After incubation, graft specimens were washed to remove nonadherent organisms and oscillated ultrasonically to remove adherent organisms. The sonication effluent was plated to trypticase soy agar to quantitate the adherent organisms. Adherence was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) to VKD compared with preclotted VKD and ACD at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours. Four of the five study strains demonstrated significantly greater adherence to VKD than to either ACD or preclotted VKD. Adherence of S. epidermidis increased with exposure time. Albumin bonded to velour-knitted Dacron does not increase coagulase-negative staphylococcal adherence compared with the noncoated vascular prostheses. Binding albumin to vascular prostheses does not increase the risk of staphylococcal colonization.
FSM-Based Test Case Generation Methods Applied to test the Communication Software on board the ITASAT University Satellite: a Case Study (2014)

Software in satellite applications has become increasingly larger, more complex and more integrated so its verification and validation requires exploration of new approaches. In this paper we present a Model-Based Testing (MBT) approach applied to the Communication Module of the ITASAT-1 university satellite. The models are Finite State Machines (FSM) representing the software behavior. In order to manage the difficulties to model the software behavior the approach employs the COFI (COnformance and Fault Injection) testing methodology associated with the JPlavisFSM Tool. The former advices the modularization of the modelling into different types of behavior into different FSMs, while the later, integrates several FSM-based methods to derive test cases, provides usability to handle and to check properties of the models and computes metrics. The main result of this case study was the evaluation of the drawbacks on the design of the testing models supported by COFI and JPlavisFSM. The models, test sets, metrics with the application of our approach applied to the Communication Module are presented. The paper discusses the benefits as well as the points requiring new researches.
Higher Order Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

In this paper, we study novel neural network structures to better model long term dependency in sequential data. We propose to use more memory units to keep track of more preceding states in recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are all recurrently fed to the hidden layers as feedback through different weighted paths. By extending the popular recurrent structure in RNNs, we provide the models with better short-term memory mechanism to learn long term dependency in sequences. Analogous to digital filters in signal processing, we call these structures as higher order RNNs (HORNNs). Similar to RNNs, HORNNs can also be learned using the back-propagation through time method. HORNNs are generally applicable to a variety of sequence modelling tasks. In this work, we have examined HORNNs for the language modeling task using two popular data sets, namely the Penn Treebank (PTB) and English text8 data sets. Experimental results have shown that the proposed HORNNs yield the state-of-the-art performance on both data sets, significantly outperforming the regular RNNs as well as the popular LSTMs.
Optimization of photovoltaic solar electric power for renewable energy generation and DSM strategies in singular apartment buildings. (2017)

This paper presents a brief description of the SolAgua project, which aims at the design, development and conception of a non plan solar collector that permits the maximum capture of Solar Energy. This developed solar collector was based on a format known as Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC), which has already been sufficiently used at a world-wide range. The system developed during this project presents results, which can be considered sufficiently satisfactory, being able of heating the water from 45ºC to 60ºC. These results can be achieved to a great extent owing to the movement of rotation of the SolAgua collector provided by its innovative automatic support. This movement enables it to follow the land movement in relation to the Sun.
Temperature-sensitive mutations and second-site suppressor substitutions affect folding of the P22 tailspike protein in vitro. (1993)

One of the central problems in protein folding is how amino acid sequences within polypeptide chains direct polypeptide chain folding and avoid off-pathway aggregation both in intracellular environments and in the test tube. The tailspike protein of phage P22 is a model system for which genetic analysis has permitted mutational dissection of the role of amino acid positions in the polypeptide chain in directing its in vivo folding. Two classes of mutations that affect intracellular folding and aggregation have been characterized; temperature-sensitive folding (tsf) mutants and second-site suppressors of tsf mutants. Here we report the effects of these mutations on the in vitro refolding and aggregation pathway of the purified proteins. The tsf mutations reduced refolding yields at high temperature and increased aggregation, while second-site suppressors enhanced refolding and inhibited aggregation in the test tube. For both types of mutations, the strength of the effects observed in vitro correlated with their in vivo phenotypes. The results confirm that the mutations act intrinsically on the folding pathway of the tailspike polypeptide and not through accessory proteins.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Assay Using iPLEX Gold Technology for Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Species and Lineages (2011)

The major goal of the present study was to investigate the potential use of a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology, called iPLEX Gold (Sequenom), for the simultaneous analysis of 16 SNPs that have been previously validated as useful for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species and classification of MTBC isolates into distinct genetic lineages, known as principal genetic groups (PGGs) and SNP cluster groups (SCGs). In this context, we developed a 16-plex iPLEX assay based on an allele-specific-primer single-base-extension reaction using the iPLEX Gold kit (Sequenom), followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis on the commercially available Sequenom MassARRAY platform. This assay was tested on a panel of 55 well-characterized MTBC strains that were also genotyped for the same loci using the previously reported SNaPshot assay, as well as 10 non-MTBC mycobacteria and 4 bacteria not belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. All MTBC samples were successfully analyzed with the iPLEX assay, which yielded clear allelic data for 99.9% of the SNPs (879 out of 880). No false-positive results were obtained with the negative controls. Compared to the SNaPshot assay, the newly developed 16-plex iPLEX assay produced fully concordant results that allowed reliable differentiation of MTBC species and recognition of lineages, thus demonstrating its potential value in diagnostic, epidemiological, and evolutionary applications. Compared to the SNaPshot approach, the implementation of the iPLEX technology could offer a higher throughput and could be a more flexible and cost-effective option for microbiology laboratories.
FUSSGAENGERTUNNEL UNTER DEM PIRNAISCHEN PLATZ IN DRESDEN (1971)

DIE HAUPTABMESSUNGEN DES TUNNELS BETRAGEN: LAENGE (OHNE TREPPEN) RD. 124 M, BREITE 8,66 M UND LICHTE HOEHE 2,40 M.DIE GESAMTKOSTEN DER ANLAGE, DIE IM JULI 1971 DEM VERKEHRUEBERGEBEN WURDE, BETRUGEN 4,2 MIO. M. IM BEITRAG WIRDBERICHTET UEBER DIE LINIENFUEHRUNG, KONSTRUKTION UND BAUWEISE (GROESSTENTEILS MIT BETONFERTIGTEILEN), DIE STATISCHE BERECHNUNG, AUSBAU UND AUSRUESTUNG SOWIE UEBER DIE BAUAUSFUEHRUNG. DIE GROESSE DES TUNNELS STELLT EINEN GRENZFALL HINSICHTLICH DER NOTWENDIGKEIT EINER KUENSTLICHEN UND EINER NATUERLICHEN BELUEFTUNG DAR. AUS DIESEM GRUND SOLL ERST NACH EINEMJAHR ENTSCHIEDEN WERDEN, OB DIE VORGESEHENEN BELUEFTUNGSTECHNISCHEN EINRICHTUNGEN INSTALLIERT WERDEN ODER ENTFALLENKOENNEN.
Quantized Control Allocation of Reaction Control Jets and Aerodynamic Control Surfaces (2008)

Amixed-integer linear programming approach tomixing continuous andpulsed control effectors is proposed. The method is aimed at applications involving reentry vehicles that are transitioning from exoatmospheric flight to endoatmospheric flight. In this flight phase, aerodynamic surfaces are weak and easily saturated, and vehicles typically rely on pulsed reaction control jets for attitude control. Control laws for these jets have historically been designed using single-axis phase-plane analysis, which has proven to be sufficient formany applications wheremultiaxis coupling is insignificant and when failures have not been encountered. Here, we propose using a mixed-integer linear programming technique to blend continuous control effectors and pulsed jets to generate moments commanded by linear or nonlinear control laws. When coupled with fault detection and isolation logic, the control effectors can be reconfigured to minimize the impact of control effector failures or damage. When the continuous effectors can provide the desired moments, standard linear programming methods can be used to mix the effectors; however, when the pulsed effectors must be used to augment the aerodynamic surfaces, mixed-integer linear programming techniques are used to determine the optimal combination of jets to fire. The reaction jet control allocator acts as a nonuniformquantizer that applies amoment vector to the vehicle, which approximates the desired moment generated by a continuous control law. Lyapunov theory is applied to develop amethod for determining the region of attraction associated with a quantized vehicle attitude control system.
A 50-800 MHz stepped frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar (2002)

With the advent of cheaper, RF integrated circuit devices, it has now becoming feasible to build portable stepped frequency, ground penetrating radars based on heterodyne architectures. These overcome the problems encountered in the homodyne systems, and the performance limiting factors that do exist, are able to be more effectively controlled. This paper presents the design of a 50-800 MHz stepped frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar based on a heterodyne architecture. It discusses architectural benefits of heterodyne receivers, the implementation of the stepped frequency synthesizers and transceiver and presents performance predictions for the system.
Crack-Insensitive Wearable Electronics Enabled Through High-Strength Kevlar Fabrics (2015)

Mechanical robustness is one of the key factors for future commercialization of wearable electronics. Wearable electronics are thin electronics constructed on flexible polymer or rubber substrates. Due to their thin geometry, wearable electronics are typically vulnerable under tearing or stretching, especially when cracks exist. This paper presents the designs and manufacturing of crack-insensitive wearable electronics realized through incorporating high-strength Kevlar fabrics. Manufacturing strategies of transfer printing prefabricated electronics onto Kevlar fabric with adhesion layer and dip coating constructed devices have been illustrated. The device examples include ultrathin single-crystalline Si-based photodiodes, organic photodetectors, and carbon nanotube-based supercapacitors. Systematic studies highlight the fabrication procedures, mechanical characterization, and device performance evaluation, and offer practical routes to realize robust crack-insensitive wearable electronics.