gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Broker-Based Framework for QoS-Aware Web Service Composition (2005)

Web services are modular web applications that can be independently deployed and invoked by other software or services on the web. This offers enterprises the capability to integrate in-house business services with external Web services to conduct complex business transactions. The integration efficiency and flexibility are critical for services composition. For Web services providing a similar functionality, Quality of Service (QoS) is the main factor to differentiate them. The overall QoS of a business process must meet a user's requirement. In this paper, we propose a broker-based framework to facilitate dynamic integration and adaptation of QoS-aware Web services with end-to-end QoS constraints. The key functions of a dynamic broker include service collection, selection, composition and adaptation. Our study considers both functional and QoS characteristics of Web services to identify the optimal business process solutions.
Generator maintenance scheduling via successive approximations dynamic programming (1975)

Host currently used thermal-generator maintenance scheduling methods schedule each unit at a time, leading in many cases to a poor local optimum or to an unfeasible solution. Considering simultaneously all units in the scheduling process, a computationally impractical method results. In this paper a piece-wise compromising method of solution is presented, which conveniently groups generating units and uses successive approximations dynamic programming. The optimal maintenance scheduling problem is formulated by employing a suitable state-space representation; most common constraints used in practice are described and a multiple objective function is presented. The effectiveness of the optimizing method is illustrated by solving a problem with data obtained from a real system. The grouping criterion presented appears to be the cornerstone of the superior performance of the proposed method.
The demise of the gold standard (1981)

It is ironic that most of the recent agitation for a return to some form of gold standard has come from the United States, whose official policies played a leading role in the destruction of that standard. After describing the conduct of governments necessary for the successful operation of a gold standard, this article tells the story of the failure of the post-World War I attempt by the British to restore the pre-1914 monetary system—an attempt doomed to failure by the refusal of the United States and France to play by the rules of the gold standard game.
Resistance sources to <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> tropical race 4 in banana wild relatives (2014)

Target trait evaluation in crop wild relatives is an important prerequisite for efficiently using the potential useful genes located in this valuable germplasm. Over recent decades, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc‐TR4) has seriously threatened worldwide banana plantations. Breeding new resistant cultivars from wild banana species is expected to provide invaluable additional resources. However, knowledge on resistance to Foc‐TR4 in wild Musa species is very limited. In this study, eight genotypes of wild banana relatives ( Musa acuminata subsp. burmannica , M . balbisiana , M . basjoo , M . itinerans , M . nagensium , M . ruiliensis , M . velutina and M . yunnanensis ) were characterized for resistance to Foc‐TR4 in both greenhouse and field conditions. Most wild bananas showed higher resistance levels to Foc‐TR4 than the reference cultivars ‘Brazilian’ (AAA, susceptible) and ‘Goldfinger’ (AAAB, moderate resistance). Among the wild species, M. balbisiana showed the highest levels of disease intensity followed by M . acuminata subsp. burmannica . Some individuals of M . yunnanensis , M . nagensium , M . ruiliensis and M . velutina showed low levels of rhizome discolouration in greenhouse conditions, but were resistant in the field. No symptoms were observed on M . basjoo and M . itinerans , suggesting higher levels of resistance to Foc‐TR4. The results revealed different sources of resistance to Foc‐TR4 in banana wild relatives, which constitute a valuable genetic resource for banana breeding programmes aiming to produce cultivars resistant to fusarium wilt.
FEM Analysis Applied to Electric Machines for Electric Vehicles (2011)

Electric vehicle technology is an interdisciplinary field in continuous development. It appears to be a margin for improvements. The Division for Electricity at Uppsala University is doing significant research in the field. The present thesis investigates electric machines for vehicular applications, both in the driveline and in the traction motor. Section 1 presents a driveline with two galvanically isolated voltage levels. A low power side is operated at the optimum voltage of the batteries, while a high power side is operated at a higher voltage leading to higher efficiencies in the traction motor. Both sides are coupled through a flywheel that stabilizes the power transients inherent to a drive cycle. A review of electric machine topologies for electric vehicles is presented in Section 2. The permanent magnet excited machine is the most suitable technology for an electric driveline. Section 3 is devoted to numerical models applied to electric machines. The equivalent circuit of a motor/generator with two sets of windings is first presented. This machine couples both sides of the driveline and drives the rotor of the flywheel. The electric parameters are calculated with custom FEM models. A discussion on slotless machines concludes with a simple model to analyze the magnetic field from one static 3D simulation. The tooth ripple losses in solid salient poles are also analyzed with a novel FEM approach. A complete description of the losses in electric machines gives a proper background for further discussion on efficiency. Section 4 presents the experimental work constructed to validate the theoretical models. The experiments include an axial flux, single wounded prototype, an axial flux, double wound prototype and a planed radial flux coreless prototype. Section 5 focuses on traction motors for electric vehicles. A simulated prototype illustrates a design and calculation process. The loss theory and the numerical methods presented in Section 3 are applied.
Ferrimagnetic Parts for Microwave Integrated Circuits (1971)

Tremendous technological strides have been made in recent years in the development of miniaturized microwave components and modules using microstrip transmission lines in combination with both semiconductor and ferrite technology. This technology growth has been spurred by rapidly increasing microwave systems complexity and diversity and the need for lower cost, more reliable, and smaller microwave assemblies. This paper describes the design and performance of various ferrimagnetic components as functional blocks for use in microwave integrated modules. The design and performance of the following components are described as well as their utilization in various multifunction modules: junction circulators both fixed bias and latching including their use as isolators, duplexers, switches, modulators, and other signal processing circuits; ferrimagnetic planar phase shifters; various combinations of these circuit elements where both all ferrimagnetic and composite ferrimagnetic/dielectric substrates are utilized.
Tea Polyphenols as Nutraceuticals (2008)

The use of dietary ingredients is gaining much significance as a practical approach to the reduction of the risk of a number of diseases. Epidemiological evidence has linked the habitual consumption of tea with reduced risk of cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Polyphenols appear to play an important role in the potential health benefits associated with tea. With growing interests on the positive health attributes of tea, the present review covers relevant findings on many therapeutic properties of tea. Types of tea, the polyphenols, and their nutraceutical implications, as well as adverse effects and course of action together with bioavailability form the essence of coverage in this review.
Study on the Plan for Disaster Prevention Town Development (2010)

Globally, the actual circumstance is that local downpours are occurring and the droughts are extensively continuing on and the occurrence of large-scale earthquakes is increasing as a result of changes in nature environment. It is being pointed out also in the case of Korea for the urgent countermeasures against the situation of repeated occurrence of disasters in the regions where the concept of disaster prevention has not been applied. Accordingly, the National Emergency Management Agency has been implementing the formation of disaster prevention trial towns since 2009 for the regions vulnerable to disasters and searching for plans to improve disaster prevention measures. Therefore, the concept of disaster prevention town and the program type were summarized in this study, and the development strategy for developing disaster prevention town was presented through the related laws and policies and the case analysis of domestic and international trial programs, and the basic concept of forming disaster prevention town was presented to present basic information for developing disaster prevention town.
NICScatter (2017)

Today's mobile devices contain sensitive data, which raises concerns about data security. This paper discusses a covert channel threat on existing mobile systems. Through it, malware can wirelessly leak information without making network connections or emitting signals, such as sound, EMR, vibration, etc., that we can feel or are aware of. The covert channel is built on a communication method that we call NICScatter. NICScatter transmitter malware forces mobile devices, such as mobile phones, tablets or laptops, to reflect surrounding RF signals to covertly convey information. The operation is achieved by controlling the impedance of a device's wireless network interface card (NIC). Importantly, the operation requires no special privileges on current mobile OSs, which allows the malware to stealthily pass sensitive data to an attacker's nearby mobile device, which can then decode the signal and thus effectively gather the guarded data. Our experiments with different mobile devices show that the covert channel can achieve 1.6 bps and transmit as far as 2 meters. In a through-the-wall scenario, it can transmit up to 70 cm.
Vitamin D metabolism in psoriasis before and after phototherapy. (1990)

Epidermis plays a major role in vitamin D synthesis and is a target tissue for 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D, which could be involved in abnormal proliferation and differentiation of psoriatic keratinocytes. We investigated plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatases, parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) D, 24,25 (OH)2 D and 1,25 (OH)2 D in 15 control subjects and 20 psoriatic patients before and after 3 weeks of phototherapy (UVB or PUVA). Before irradiation, all parameters were similar in psoriatics and controls, except for serum phosphorus (lower in psoriasis p less than 0.01). After phototherapy, P rose to normal values in psoriatic patients; 25 (OH) D and 24,25 (OH)2 D were dramatically increased by UVB (but not by PUVA) in psoriatic patients as well as in controls; 1,25 (OH)2 D was unmodified in controls but was significantly increased in psoriasis. Since 1,25 (OH)2 D has been reported to be an effective treatment for psoriasis, the UV-induced increase in 1,25 (OH)2 D could account for the beneficial effect of phototherapy in psoriasis.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a double blind, placebo controlled study. (1993)

Patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) were randomised in a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial to investigate whether high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIg) for 5 consecutive days has a beneficial effect. Fifteen patients were randomised to IVIg and 13 to placebo. In the IVIg treatment group 4 patients improved and 3 patients in the placebo group. The degree of improvement of the patients in the IVIg treatment group was no different from the patients in the placebo group. Electrophysiological studies did not show significant differences between the groups. Since a previously performed cross-over trial showed that a selected group of CIDP patients responded better to IVIg than to placebo, it is concluded that we need better criteria to select CIDP patients for treatment with IVIg.
Mobility Support for Multi-user Sessions over Heterogeneous Networks (2007)

It is expected that the next generation of networks will provide group communication services to mobile users, independently of the underlying Quality of Service (QoS) model, access and connectivity technologies, which may be different in each domain along the communication path. However, current mobility management schemes have limitations in terms of end-to-end QoS support and connectivity control for sessions crossing heterogeneous networks. This paper presents the Multi-user Session Control (MUSC) mechanism that controls the mobility of multiuser sessions while providing QoS mapping, QoS adaptation and connectivity support in heterogeneous environments with mobile receivers and static senders. Performance evaluation shows the MUSC efficiency to setup sessions inside and between access-networks, by analysing the packet delay and the percentage of packet losses during handovers.
Ultralinear transistor configuration under conditions of minimal power-supply drain current (1970)

When transistors are operated at very low bias currents, excessive distortion is often produced by the changing emitter-base incremental resistance. A new configuration, characterized by an extremely low emitter resistance, which is independent of the output current, is proposed.
Fire retardancy of polymers : the use of intumescence (1998)

Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Strategies Intumescence - Mechanism Studies New Intumescent Polymeric Materials Flame Retarded Intumescent Textiles Intumescence - an Environmentally Friendly Process? Subject Index.
Diffusion equations with negentropy applied to denoise mammographic images (2006)

Mammography is a radiographic technique used for the detection of breast lesions. The analysis of the digital image normally requires a previous application of filters as a preprocessing step to reduce the noise level of the image, while preserving important details to carry out a suitable diagnostic. In the literature, there are a large amount of denoising techniques applied to different medical images. In this work we have studied the performance of a diffusive filter with a stopping condition based on the statistical concept of negentropy, applied to denoise mammographic images. The negentropy has been succesfully prove with other denoising methods as independent component analysis by the authors in [1]. We have evaluated the final image quality obtained, measuring a root mean squared error between the noise-free initial image and the final restored image and compared the results obtained by this diffusive filter with those obtained by an adaptative non-linear Wiener filter.
Chasing charge localization and chemical reactivity following photoionization in liquid water (2011)

The ultrafast dynamics of the cationic hole formed in bulk liquid water following ionization is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and an experimentally accessible signature is suggested that might be tracked by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. This is one of the fastest fundamental processes occurring in radiation-induced chemistry in aqueous systems and biological tissue. However, unlike the excess electron formed in the same process, the nature and time evolution of the cationic hole has been hitherto little studied. Simulations show that an initially partially delocalized cationic hole localizes within ~30 fs after which proton transfer to a neighboring water molecule proceeds practically immediately, leading to the formation of the OH radical and the hydronium cation in a reaction which can be formally written as H(2)O(+) + H(2)O → OH + H(3)O(+). The exact amount of initial spin delocalization is, however, somewhat method dependent, being realistically described by approximate density functional theory methods corrected for the self-interaction error. Localization, and then the evolving separation of spin and charge, changes the electronic structure of the radical center. This is manifested in the spectrum of electronic excitations which is calculated for the ensemble of ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM∕MM) formalism applying the equation of motion coupled-clusters method to the radical core. A clear spectroscopic signature is predicted by the theoretical model: as the hole transforms into a hydroxyl radical, a transient electronic absorption in the visible shifts to the blue, growing toward the near ultraviolet. Experimental evidence for this primary radiation-induced process is sought using femtosecond photoionization of liquid water excited with two photons at 11 eV. Transient absorption measurements carried out with ~40 fs time resolution and broadband spectral probing across the near-UV and visible are presented and direct comparisons with the theoretical simulations are made. Within the sensitivity and time resolution of the current measurement, a matching spectral signature is not detected. This result is used to place an upper limit on the absorption strength and/or lifetime of the localized H(2)O(+) ((aq)) species.
Bone‐particle‐impregnated bone cement: An <i>in vitro</i> study (1987)

Bone-particle-impregnated bone cement specimens (up to 30% by weight) were characterized by various test methods. The experimental bone cement showed decreased crack propagation rates and increased Young's modulus, while the ultimate tensile strength and impact strength were decreased. The viscosity could be adjusted by adding initiators lost when substituting the PMMA powder with bone particles. The present study warranted further in vivo experiments on the possibility of tissue ingrowth for which the new bone cement was developed.
Linear Dispersive Waves (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Dispersion Relations General Solution by Fourier Integrals Asymptotic Behavior Group Velocity: Wave Number and Amplitude Propagation Kinematic Derivation of Group Velocity Energy Propagation The Variational Approach The Direct Use of Asymptotic Expansions
Consensus set maximization with guaranteed global optimality for robust geometry estimation (2009)

Finding the largest consensus set is one of the key ideas used by the original RANSAC for removing outliers in robust-estimation. However, because of its random and non-deterministic nature, RANSAC does not fulfill the goal of consensus set maximization exactly and optimally. Based on global optimization, this paper presents a new algorithm that solves the problem exactly. We reformulate the problem as a mixed integer programming (MIP), and solve it via a tailored branch-and-bound method, where the bounds are computed from the MIP's convex under-estimators. By exploiting the special structure of linear robust-estimation, the new algorithm is also made efficient from a computational point of view.
The Leader's New Role: Looking to the Growth of Teachers. (1992)

lems together more effectively. Maintaining a collaborative culture. In collaborative school cultures, staff members often talk, observe, critique, and plan together. Norms of collective responsibility and continuous improvement (Little 1982. Hargreaves 1990) encourage them to teach one another how to teach better. Our case study of 12 improving schools (Leithwood and Jantzi 1991) identified a number of strategies used by their leaders to assist teachers in building and maintaining collaborative profes sional cultures. These strategies included involving staff members in collaborative goal setting and reducing teachers' isolation by creating time for joint planning. Bureaucratic mecha nisms were used to support cultural changes; for example, leaders selected new staff members who were already committed to the school's mission and priorities. These school leaders actively communicated the school's cultural norms, values, and beliefs in their day-to-day interper sonal contacts; and they also shared power and responsibility with others through delegation of power to school improvement teams within the school. Fostering teacher development. One of our studies (Leithwood et al. 1991) suggests that teachers' motivation for development is enhanced when they adopt a set of internalized goals for professional growth. This process is facilitated when they become involved in establishing a school mission they feel strongly committed to. School leaders can do their part by helping to ensure that such growth goals are clear, explicit, and ambitious enough to be challenging but not unrealistic. Feedback from colleagues about discrepancies between their goals for growth and their current practices can be especially helpful. School leaders can further enhance teachers' development when they give them a role in solving nonroutine prob lems of school improvement within a school culture that values continuous professional growth. Improving group problem solving. Staff members sometimes want to and often have to work harder in order to bring about any meaningful school improvement. Transformational lead ership is valued by some because it stimulates them to engage in new activities beyond classrooms and put forth that extra effort (Sergiovanni 1991). But our third study of transfor mational school leaders uncovered practices they used primarily to help staff members work smarter, not harder (Leithwood and Steinbach 1991). In this study of how such leaders solved problems in collaboration with teachers during staff meetings, we found that they ensured a broader range of perspectives from which to interpret the problem by actively seeking different interpretations, being explicit about their own interpretations, and placing individual problems in the larger perspective of the whole school
The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (2000)

T cells play a central role in the activation and regulation of immune responses. The T cell recognizes antigen, via the interaction between a MHC-peptide complex on the antigen presenting cells (APC) and the T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cells, leading to the induction of cytokine production by the T cell. The repertoire of secreted cytokines has an evident influence on the resulting response, directing towards either a cell-mediated T helper 1 (Th1) response or towards a humoral Th2 response [1, 2]. This will have a pronounced effect on the development of different forms of diseases. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the diseases that may result from an unbalanced response of T cells upon allergen-recognition.