gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Développement d'un nouveau concept d'immunothérapie des cancers : Immunociblage de Complexe Majeur d'Histocompatibilité de classe I allogénique pour l'induction d'une réponse de type "rejet de greffe" contre les tumeurs (2008)

Une reaction immune est capable de detruire un organe entier en quelques jours, c’est le rejet de greffe. Les molecules du Complexe Majeur d’Histocomptabilite (sic. ) (CMH) en sont principalement responsables, notamment les CMH de classe I. La strategie d’immunotherapie antitumorale decrite dans ce travail, associe la tres haute specificite des anticorps et le fort pouvoir immunogenique des molecules de CMH I allogeniques dans le but de diriger specifiquement cette reaction de rejet de greffe contre les cellules tumorales. Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, la preuve de concept de cette approche a ete demontre par la construction d’un conjugue chimique compose d’un fragment Fab’ d’anticorps dirige contre l’Antigene Carcino‐Embryonnaire (ACE) et d’une molecule de CMH classe I murine. Dans un modele pre‐clinique de souris immunocompetentes greffees avec une lignee tumorale colique en sous cutanee, ce type de conjugue a permit (sic. ) la guerison de souris traitees. Suite a ces resultats encourageants, nous avons decide de developper des proteines recombinantes. Elles consistent en un CMH I simple chaine murin fusionne a un Fragment variable simple chaine (scFv) anti‐HER2 ou anti‐ ACE dimerises par un Fc murin.
High-quality YBa2Cu3O7-x nanobridges fabricated by FIB etching (2016)

Nanostructuring of YBa2Cu3O7-x films is a challenging task on a way to the high-quality YBa2Cu3O7-x nanodevices because of the sensitivity of YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films to the patterning process. In this work we report on a cold nanopatterning procedure used for the structuring of the ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7-x films by focused ion beam etching with a specially developed protection layer, which can be easily removed after the patterning process without any damage to the ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7-x film. High-quality ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7-x nanobridges, fabricated with this nanopatterning procedure, demonstrated nearly the same values of the critical temperature and the transition width as an original film for bridge widths down to 150 nm. High critical current densities up to 125 MA/cm2 have been achieved at T = 8 K. The observed dependence of the critical current density on the width and the thickness of nanobridges was consistent with the edge barrier model.
Digital Hardware Architecture Implementation (1992)

The work documented in this report was performed for U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command Ground Based Radar Project (GBR). COLSA performed extensive analysis of the digital hardware and computer architectures of the data and signal processing equipment. Included in the analysis is a detailed evaluation of critical throughput for highly parallel computer systems.
Cervical disc deformation during flexion–extension in asymptomatic controls and single‐level arthrodesis patients (2013)

The aim of this study was to characterize cervical disc deformation in asymptomatic subjects and single-level arthrodesis patients during in vivo functional motion. A validated model-based tracking technique determined vertebral motion from biplane radiographs collected during dynamic flexion-extension. Level-dependent differences in disc compression-distraction and shear deformation were identified within the anterior and posterior annulus (PA) and the nucleus of 20 asymptomatic subjects and 15 arthrodesis patients using a mixed-model statistical analysis. In asymptomatic subjects, disc compression and shear deformation per degree of flexion-extension progressively decreased from C23 to C67. The anterior and PA experienced compression-distraction deformation of up to 20%, while the nucleus region was compressed between 0% (C67) and 12% (C23). Peak shear deformation ranged from 16% (at C67) to 33% (at C45). In the C5-C6 arthrodesis group, C45 discs were significantly less compressed than in the control group in all disc regions (all p ≤ 0.026). In the C6-C7 arthrodesis group, C56 discs were significantly less compressed than the control group in the nucleus (p = 0.023) and PA (p = 0.014), but not the anterior annulus (AA; p = 0.137). These results indicate in vivo disc deformation is level-dependent, and single-level anterior arthrodesis alters the compression-distraction deformation in the disc immediately superior to the arthrodesis.
Asymptotic analysis and renormalized perturbation theory of the non-Hermitian dynamics of an inviscid vortex (2001)

An analysis of the non-Hermitian fluid systems described by the Rayleigh equation in an unbounded domain has been carried out in the regime of large wave numbers. The evolution of a special class of localized vorticities is also discussed. Asymptotic and perturbative approaches lead to the same final result. In the limit considered, the system is stable. The perturbation analysis reveals interesting pathologies of the non-Hermitian systems. Under specific conditions, the expansion is found to show secular growth. A discussion about the mechanism of insurgence of such singular behavior is presented. It is also shown that the divergent expansion is renormalizable by means of the renormalization group method-the renormalized results are in complete conformity with the asymptotic solutions.
Research into structure and rheological and relaxation properties of nanocrystalline beryllium at temperatures of hot rolling and research into stress relaxation kinetics in different sorts of beryllium (2014)

Rheological and relaxational properties of distillate and technical beryllium were studied. It was shown that strengthening and thermal softening processes in nanocrystalline beryllium significantly differ from the same processes in distillate and technical beryllium. Thermal softening in distillate and technical beryllium takes place only at the holding time between deformations; in case of nanocrystalline beryllium, thermal softening takes place during the deformation process. It was considered that beryllium plastic deformation at 400–500°C involves an additional mechanism of deformation and stress relaxation: twinning; this mechanism increases the metal plasticity.
Sub-melt laser annealing followed by low-temperature RTP for minimized diffusion (2003)

The combination of sub-melt laser annealing plus low-temperature rapid thermal annealing (the V/sup 2/LTP Process) has been investigated for the formation of shallow doped regions with minimal thermal diffusion and without melting. In particular, the process can be used to form ultra-shallow, low sheet resistance junctions or deeper regions where thermal diffusion after implant is undesired. In this two-step process an implanted wafer is first laser annealed using a laser energy density that achieves a high wafer temperature (1100-1300/spl deg/C) but does not melt the silicon ("sub-melt"). This step achieves dopant activation to the desired level. Finally, the wafer is annealed with a low-temperature (650-850/spl deg/C) rapid thermal anneal. This process repairs crystalline damage from the implant so that devices have good mobilities and low leakage currents. SIMS and sheet resistance data have been measured for a wafer implanted with 1 keV B/sup +/ ions to a dose of 9/spl times/10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/, then laser annealed below the melting threshold with 100 laser pulses, and finally rapid annealed at 700/spl deg/C for 20 sec. The SIMS profiles clearly show that no measurable diffusion has occurred during the V/sup 2/LTP process, and yet a sheet resistance of 360 /spl Omega/sq. was produced.
Theoretical study on high order interior tomography (2012)

In this paper, we study a new type of high order interior problems characterized by high order differential phase shift measurement. This problem is encountered in local x-ray phase-contrast tomography. Here we extend our previous theoretical framework from interior CT to interior differential phase-contrast tomography, and establish the solution uniqueness in this context. We employ the analytic continuation method and high order total variation minimization which we developed in our previous work for interior CT, and prove that an image in a region of interest (ROI) can be uniquely reconstructed from truncated high order differential projection data if the image is known a priori in a sub-region of the ROI or the image is piecewise polynomial in the ROI. Preliminary numerical experiments support the theoretical finding.
The Increase of Global Health‐Related Research in Otolaryngology (2013)

Objectives: Determine trends in global health‐related otolaryngology publications. Methods: A systematic search of publications available on PubMed was undertaken reviewing two time periods ten years apart for the timeframes 1998 to 2002 (early time period) and 2008 to 2012 (recent time period) using the search word “otolaryngology” in combination with “developing countries,” “global health,” or “low income countries”; specifying human studies with abstracts in the English language. Publications related only to specific populations within the United States or Europe were excluded. The region of origin and type of publication were assigned as well as the author origin. Chi‐squared and t‐test analysis was used to identify trends. Results: In the 1998‐2002 time period, a total of 11 publications met inclusion criteria for the study with a mean of 2.2+/‐1.3 publications per year. In the 2008‐2012 time period, a total of 39 publications met inclusion criteria with a mean of 7.6+/‐3.1 publications per year. The 354% increase in global health‐related publications identified between the two study periods was statistically significant ( P = 0.01). Eighteen percent of primary authors were from high‐income countries in the early time period versus 38% in the recent time period ( P = 0.028). Asia and Africa were the most common region of origin in the recent time period with 49% and 23% of publications, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant increased volume of global health‐related publications in English language otolaryngology journals over the past decade, providing strong evidence of the increasing trend of global health as an academic pursuit within otolaryngology.
Validation of Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements for Detecting Void Swelling in First-Wall Structural Materials (2014)

Time-of-flight ultrasonic measurements were conducted on a thick hexagonal block of 304 stainless steel irradiated to ∽33 dpa in EBR-II, and the results of ultrasonic-implied void swelling and carbide-induced densification were compared with those obtained by immersion density measurements and TEM observation. The three types of measurement were found to agree rather well with each other. This study confirmed that ultrasonic velocity measurement is a powerful non-destructive technique to measure the through-thickness-average volumetric changes induced by neutrons in thick structural materials.
Measurement of higher-order mode propagation losses in effectively single mode fibers (2013)

We present a direct and nondestructive measurement of the propagation loss of higher-order modes (HOMs) in effectively single-mode fibers. Lossy HOMs are excited by applying local stress at various points alongside a straight single mode fiber. The change of the HOM power as a function of the propagation distance is recorded at the fiber end by performing a modal decomposition with a correlation filter. The results for the HOM propagation loss are compared to simulations yielding very good agreement.
Synthesis and characterization of a porphyrazine–Gd(III) MRI contrast agent and <i>in vivo</i> imaging of a breast cancer xenograft model (2014)

Porphyrazines (Pz), or tetraazaporphyrins, are being studied for their potential use in detection and treatment of cancer. Here, an amphiphilic Cu-Pz-Gd(III) conjugate has been prepared via azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition or 'click' chemistry between an azide functionalized Pz and alkyne functionalized DOTA-Gd(III) analog for use as an MRI contrast agent. This agent, Cu-Pz-Gd(III), is synthesized in good yield and exhibits solution-phase ionic relaxivity (r1 = 11.5 mM(-1) s(-1)) that is approximately four times higher than that of a clinically used monomeric Gd(III) contrast agent, DOTA-Gd(III). Breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) associate with Cu-Pz-Gd(III) in vitro, where significant contrast enhancement (9.336 ± 0.335 contrast-to-noise ratio) is observed in phantom cell pellet MR images. This novel contrast agent was administered in vivo to an orthotopic breast tumor model in athymic nude mice and MR images were collected. The average T1 of tumor regions in mice treated with 50 mg kg(-1) Cu-Pz-Gd(III) decreased relative to saline-treated controls. Furthermore, the decrease in T1 was persistent relative to mice treated with the monomeric Gd(III) contrast agent. An ex vivo biodistribution study confirmed that Cu-Pz-Gd(III) accumulates in the tumors and is rapidly cleared, primarily through the kidneys. Differential accumulation and T1 enhancement by Cu-Pz-Gd(III) in the tumor's core relative to the periphery offer preliminary evidence that this agent would find application in the imaging of necrotic tissue.
1.5 &#x03BC;m all fiber pulsed lidar for wake vortex monitoring (2008)

A pulsed fibre lidar based on 1.5 mum fibre technology has been demonstrated for wake vortex monitoring on airport sites. The wake vortex cores position resolution is plusmn2 m, the error on circulation 10%.
Improved gray‐scale monochrome and color AMEL displays using analog pixel (2001)

Abstract— Active‐matrix electroluminescent (AMEL) microdisplays have been known for their numerous beneficial characteristics such as low weight, compactness, high brightness, and high contrast ratio. Beside these desirable characteristics, some of their drawbacks include difficulty in obtaining a high number of gray‐scale levels or a large number of colors, and interface‐electronics complexity. To address these drawbacks, AMEL displays using an analog addressing architecture have been developed. Utilizing this new driving scheme, 256 monochrome levels or 16 million colors are obtainable. Gray shade is proportional to an analog voltage stored on the hold node of each pixel. For color displays, each pixel is comprised of red, green, and blue subpixels arranged in vertical stripes, and can be sized independently to achieve the appropriate white balance. With the integration of control‐signal circuit blocks on the same substrate as the microdisplay, the number of input control signals is minimized and the display can be driven with very simple interface electronics. This results in low overall system cost, compact electronic packaging, and low power consumption. To accommodate most optical orientations, the display has built‐in modes to flip the image both vertically and horizontally. Additionally, the display supports multiple interlace addressing modes.
<i>Methanococcus jannaschii</i> Flap Endonuclease: Expression, Purification, and Substrate Requirements (1998)

The flap endonuclease (FEN) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. FEN retained activity after preincubation at 95 degrees C+ for 15 min. A pseudo-Y-shaped substrate was formed by hybridization of two partially complementary oligonucleotides. FEN cleaved the strand with the free 5' end adjacent to the single-strand-duplex junction. Deletion of the free 3' end prevented cleavage. Hybridization of a complementary oligonucleotide to the free 3' end moved the cleavage site by 1 to 2 nucleotides. Hybridization of excess complementary oligonucleotide to the free 5' end failed to block cleavage, although this substrate was refractory to cleavage by the 5'-3' exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase. For verification, the free 5' end was replaced by an internally labeled hairpin structure. This structure was a substrate for FEN but became a substrate for Taq DNA polymerase only after exonucleolytic cleavage had destabilized the hairpin. A circular duplex substrate with a 5' single-stranded branch was formed by primer extension of a partially complementary oligonucleotide on virion phiX174. This denaturation-resistant substrate was used to examine the effects of temperature and solution properties, such as pH, salt, and divalent ion concentration on the turnover number of the enzyme.
3D free-form object recognition in range images using local surface patches (2004)

This paper introduces an integrated local surface descriptor for surface representation and object recognition. A local surface descriptor is defined by a centroid, its surface type and 2D histogram. The 2D histogram consists of shape indexes, calculated from principal curvatures, and angles between the normal of reference point and that of its neighbors. Instead of calculating local surface descriptors for all the 3D surface points, we only calculate them for feature points, which are areas with large shape variation. Furthermore, in order to speed up the search process and deal with a large set of objects, model local surface patches are indexed into a hash table. Given a set of test local surface patches, we cast votes for models containing similar surface descriptors. Potential corresponding local surface patches and candidate models are hypothesized. Verification is performed by aligning models with scenes for the most likely models. Experimental results with real range data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Rat growth hormone gene: intervening sequences separate the mRNA regions (1979)

Rat genomic DNA was digested with various restriction endonucleases, separated by gel electrophoresis and hybridized to 125 I-labeled mRNA for the precursor protein to growth hormone. Restriction sites were found within the genomic DNA that were not found in the previously reported DNA sequence corresponding to the mRNA (19). It appears that the gene for growth hormone contains intervening sequences separating the DNA regions that specify mRNA sequences.
Breakdown of the Continuum Stokes−Einstein Relation for Nanoparticle Diffusion (2007)

Cadmium selenide nanoparticles are found to diffuse approximately 200 times faster in a polymeric liquid than predicted by the Stokes-Einstein relation. This remarkable behavior is hypothesized to be due to the nanoparticles being smaller than the entanglement mesh to create a frictional drag that does not follow continuum expectations, in line with a theoretical calculation presented before. This is one of the first demonstrations of X-ray photo correlation spectroscopy applied to polymeric liquids, which we use to explain the simultaneous 60% viscosity reduction of the mixture through a proposed constraint release mechanism.
Excitation of Rydberg states in rubidium with near infrared diode lasers (2011)

A system of three external cavity diode lasers is used to excite Rydberg states in rubidium. The 5S→5P→5D transitions are driven using lasers with λ = 780 and 776 nm respectively. From the 5D state, atoms fluoresce down to the 6P state. The final transition to Rydberg levels is from the 6P state with laser light near λ = 1016 nm. The nS and nD Rydberg states are accessible directly and with the application of a modest electric field nP states can also be excited. As a test of this system, Stark spectra are collected for nD and nP states.
Double, suicidal intoxication with hydroxycarbamide--a case report. (2012)

Hydroxycarbamide (HCB), also known as hydroxyurea, is an urea derivative used mainly as antineoplastic and antisickling agent. We described a 31 yrs. female, with essential thrombocythemia, who was admitted to our clinic because of double suicidal ingestion of hydroxycarbamide. First time it was 7.5 g of HCB with coingestion of 50 mg of diazepam, and several glasses of wine, second time it was 10 g of HCB, with coingestion of 100 mg paroxetine and few glasses of vodka. Both suicidal attempts were triggered by multiple reactive factors. At the time of admissions the patient was conscious, restless, with decreased mood. Transient decrease of total leukocyte count was noted on fourth day of first overdose. The second overdose led to no significant changes in blood count. There were no other abnormalities in biochemical results. According to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of acute suicidal intoxication with hydroxy-carbamide in an adult.
Active Learning from Crowds (2011)

Obtaining labels can be expensive or time-consuming, but unlabeled data is often abundant and easier to obtain. Most learning tasks can be made more efficient, in terms of labeling cost, by intelligently choosing specific unlabeled in-stances to be labeled by an oracle. The general problem of optimally choosing these instances is known as active learning. As it is usually set in the context of supervised learning, active learn-ing relies on a single oracle playing the role of a teacher. We focus on the multiple annotator scenario where an oracle, who knows the ground truth, no longer exists; instead, multiple labelers, with varying expertise, are available for query-ing. This paradigm posits new challenges to the active learning scenario. We can now ask which data sample should be labeled next and which annotator should be queried to benefit our learn-ing model the most. In this paper, we employ a probabilistic model for learning from multiple annotators that can also learn the annotator ex-pertise even when their expertise may not be con-sistently accurate across the task domain. We then focus on providing a criterion and formu-lation that allows us to select both a sample and the annotator/s to query the labels from. 1.
Group testing for video compression (2004)

Hong and Ladner (2001) used context-based group testing to implement bit-plane coding for image compression. We extend this technique to video coding, by replacing the quantization and entropy-coding stages, of an H.263 standard video coder, with bit-plane coding. We experiment with ways to improve baseline coder, including different classification schemes and cross-frame adaptive coding. Our results indicate that our new coder, GTV (group testing for video), significantly outperforms H.263 at medium to high bit-rates (300+kbps) on most sequences, while allowing very precise rate scalability.
Incorporating Component and System Test Data into the Same Assessment: A Bayesian Approach (1976)

On occasion, reliability analysts have test data gathered both at the component level of a multicomponent system and at the system level. When the system test data provide no information on component performance, classical statistical techniques in all but trivial cases do not allow using both sets of data. We present a Bayesian procedure that does allow using both sets. The procedure for attribute data makes use of a lemma that relates the moments of the prior and posterior distributions of reliability to the test data. The procedure for variables data assumes the time to failure distribution of each component is exponential.
Microwave amplification using a variable parameter wiggler Free Electron Laser (1984)

A free electron laser in the millimeter wave regime is described. The electron beam is generated by an induction linac. The 3.3 MeV beam (..gamma.. = 7.5) has a peak current of 6 kA and a pulse length of 25 ns. The accelerator operates at a 1 Hz repetition rate. An emittance filter is placed in the beam to reduce the current to 500 A and the emittance from 1.5 pi radian-cm to 0.47 pi radian-cm (normalized).
ChemInform Abstract: DER EFFEKT VON LOESUNGSMITTELN BEI DER HYDRIERUNG VON BENZOL UND PYRIDIN MIT AUFGETRAGENEN NICKELKATALYSATOREN (1973)

Abstract Bei der Hydrierung von Benzol mit z.B. auf aktivem Kohlenstoff aufgetragenen Nickelkatalysatoren zeigt sich, daß der Einfluß der Lösungsmittel meist unabhängig von der Natur der Träger ist.