gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic contraceptives for HIV/AIDS (1999)

The current pandemic of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection--the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has created an urgent need for a new type of contraceptive: one that is both a spermicide and a microbicide. Because most women at risk for HIV infection are of reproductive age (15-44 years), effective use of dual-function contraceptives is important to prevent HIV transmission and unintended pregnancies. In the absence of an effective prophylactic anti-HIV therapy or vaccine, new emphasis has been placed on the development of intravaginal microbicidal agents capable of reducing the transmission of HIV. Topical microbicidal spermicides would ideally provide a female-controlled method of self-protection against HIV as well as preventing pregnancy. However, several microbicides that are undergoing preclinical and human clinical trials contain detergent-type ingredients. The detergent-type spermicide, nonoxynol-9, the only recommended microbicide for protection against sexual transmission of HIV has been shown to cause lesions in vaginal and cervical epithelia leaving women more vulnerable to HIV infection. Therefore, a major challenge in microbicide research has been to design mechanism-based microbicides that are highly effective against pregnancy and HIV transmission while lacking detergent-type effects on epithelial cells and normal vaginal flora. We present an overview of current microbicide research and report on the identification and preclinical development of novel non-detergent spermicidal nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors aimed at decreasing pregnancy and preventing sexual transmission of HIV.
Normal alkoxides of quinquevalent tantalum (1955)

D. C. Bradley, W. Wardlaw and A. Whitley, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 726 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550000726
Hand detection in First Person Vision (2013)

Abstract—The emergence of new pervasive wearable technologies (e.g. action cameras and smart glasses) calls attention to the so called First Person Vision (FPV). In the future, more and more everyday-life videos will be shot from a first-person point of view, overturning the classical fixed-camera understanding of Vision, specializing the existing knowledge of moving cameras and bringing new challenges in the field of video processing. The trend in research is going to be oriented towards a new type of computer vision, centred on moving sensors and driven by the need for new applications for wearable devices. We identify hand tracking and gesture recognition as an essential topic in this field, motivated by the simple realization that we often look at our hand, even while performing the simplest tasks in everyday life. In addition, the next frontier in user interfaces are hands-free devices. In this work we argue that applications based on FPV may involve information fusion at various complexity and abstraction levels, ranging from pure image processing to inference over patterns. We address the lowest, by proposing a first investigation on hand detection from a first-person point of view sensor and some preliminary results obtained fusing colour and optic flow information. I.
CHAPTER I (2010)

Some men travel for their amusement,—others to acquire knowledge, and not a few in search of health; I was unfortunately of the latter class. That most severe of all human ailments, gout, had made such inroads upon a constitution, otherwise sound, and had so-enfeebled a frame, originally strong, that before I was fifty years of age I could with difficulty walk a hundred yards, and was seldom free from pain and suffering for a week together. The usual remedies had failed to produce any permanent relief, and as a last chance it was recommended that I should try the effects of a warm climate.
A functional test planning system for validation of DSP circuits modeled in VHDL (2002)

Validating DSP circuits modeled in VHDL involves generating test data, creating VHDL test benches and simulating the models. This is a laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, it is desired to develop a high-level approach to automating and planning these tasks. This paper summarizes a high-level test planning system for functional validation of DSP circuits modeled in VHDL. Test data are generated bp VHDL test benches which are created using high-level tools and configured by test plans. The test plans use goal trees to partition the system requirements into partially constrained test groups. The test spaces of the test groups are reduced and so economical tests can be derived. Software tools have been developed based on this approach.
Transmission of synchronous digital hierarchy signals by radio (1990)

It is pointed out that the new synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) is fundamental to the realization of flexible and cost-effective managed transmission networks. Microwave radio-relay systems will have a role to play in the transmission of SDH-based signals within such networks. The authors review the required characteristics of these radio-relay systems and report on the international studies currently being undertaken. They also propose alternative network structures and topologies to suit new applications of SDH-compatible radio systems in managed transmission networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sustainable transport in Tunisia: An analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve (2013)

The higher concentration of households and activities leads to increase the urban mobility and their associated negative externalities especially with a more use of private vehicles. In Tunisia, households tend to migrate from rural to urban areas and the motorization has known an important rise. The aim of this article is to examine the sustainability of road transport systems in Tunisian mega cities where the urban density is higher and negative externalities have become a serious problem for the population. To this end we examined the relationship between income and several environmental and social negative externalities of road traffic in Tunisia during the 1989-2008 periods by using the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Moreover, we examined the same relationship for the modal choices (private vehicles and public transportation) to study the impact of the urban mobility. Results indicated an inverted U-shape relationship for tow air pollutants: sulfur dioxide and suspended particulate matter. However, we found a monotonically rising carbon dioxide-income relationship and a downward curve with L-shaped for Nitrogen dioxide. For the rest of negative externalities, we detected a monotonically rising energy consumption-income relationship and an inverted U-shape relationship for accidents. Finally, we detected a monotonically rising for the income-use of private vehicles relationship. Some measures should be decided for the variables which EKC is not exist.
Syntheses in the naphthalene series. Part V. Action of sulphuric acid on substituted ethyl γ-phenylacetoacetates (1954)

G. Soliman and A. H. A. Youssef, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 4655 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540004655
Analysis of Independent Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection in Neurosurgery and Study on Infection Prediction (2019)

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postoperative complication. Once patients suffer from SSI, negative effects such as prolonged hospitalization time, higher hospitalization expenses, poor prognosis and even death, will develop. At the same time, SSI imposes a heavy burden on the medical system and consumes medical resources seriously. Therefore, effectively monitoring and actively preventing SSI are particularly important.
Foot Cooling Reduces Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia in Men with Spinal Cord Injury (2004)

These results suggest that extraction of heat through the foot may provide an effective way to manipulate tympanic temperature in individuals with SCI, especially during exercise in the heat.
Relation of the Parotid Gland to Serum Protein and Malnutrition (1952)

1. The serum A/G decreases after the removal of the parotid glands in dogs and rabbits.2. The injection of parotin in doses of 10mg. per kg. of body weight raises the serum A/G of normal rabbits, but does not change the blood sugar level. We assert, therefore, that the parotid gland participates in serum protein.3. We discussed the possibility that the cause of parotid enlargement of malnutrition could be explained by our experiments.4. Parotin causes leukopenia of normal rabbits on the beginning of injection and thereafter marked leukocytosis.5. Parotin action of leukocytosis in normal white rats does not depend upon the existence of their adrenal cortexes. We would like to express best thanks to Dr. Y. Takahashi for the technical advise in the serum A/G determination and to Drs. Akira Ikushima and H. Momoi for the examination with the Tiselius electrophoresis.
Development of an Urban High-Resolution Air Temperature Forecast System for Local Weather Information Services Based on Statistical Downscaling (2018)

The Korean peninsula has complex and diverse weather phenomena, and the Korea Meteorological Administration has been working on various numerical models to produce better forecasting data. The Unified Model Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System is a limited-area working model with a horizontal resolution of 1.5 km for estimating local-scale weather forecasts on the Korean peninsula. However, in order to numerically predict the detailed temperature characteristics of the urban space, in which surface characteristics change rapidly in a small spatial area, a city temperature prediction model with higher resolution spatial decomposition capabilities is required. As an alternative to this, a building-scale temperature model was developed, and a 25 m air temperature resolution was determined for the Seoul area. The spatial information was processed using statistical methods, such as linear regression models and machine learning. By comparing the accuracy of the estimated air temperatures with observational data during the summer, the machine learning was improved. In addition, horizontal and vertical characteristics of the urban space were better represented, and the air temperature was better resolved spatially. Air temperature information can be used to manage the response to heat-waves and tropical nights in administrative districts of urban areas.
A semiconductor laser suitably fabricated by planar technology (2005)

The semiconductor microlasers with an equilateral triangle resonator (ETR), which can be fabricated by dry etching technique from the laser wafer of the edge emitting laser, are analyzed by FDTD technique and rate equations. The results show that ETR microlaser is suitable to realize single mode operation. By connecting an output waveguide to one of the vertices of the ETR, we still can get the confined modes with high quality factors. The ETR microlasers are potential light sources for photonic integrated circuits.
Immunohistochemical analysis of human lymphomas with monoclonal antibodies to B cell and Ia antigens reactive in paraffin sections. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to B cell- and T cell-specific antigens uniformly have been restricted in their use to cell suspension or frozen section techniques because the antigens that they identify are either masked or lost in the fixation or paraffin-embedding processes. Antiimmunoglobulin antisera, although readily identifying cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in paraffin sections, has not been as useful as originally hoped since the majority of B cell lymphomas express surface immunoglobulins, which requires cell suspensions or frozen sections for detection. Because cell suspension procedures disrupt tissue architecture and frozen section techniques grossly distort morphology, neither method allows the combination of optimal morphologic and immunologic classification of lymphomas. We recently reported two MoAbs, LN-1 and LN-2, that react with B cells in paraffin sections. LN-1 reacts with the surface membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center B cells. LN-2 reacts uniquely with the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of mantle zone and germinal center B cells and interdigitating histiocytes. We have also identified a new MoAb, LN-3, that reacts with the HLA-DR antigen in paraffin sections. We now report the use of LN-1, LN-2, and LN-3 in the analysis of paraffin sections from 58 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 15 cases of Hodgkin's disease. The types of cells reactive with these MoAbs in neoplastic lymphoid proliferations largely recapitulate their benign morphologic and immunologic counterparts. As a panel, LN-1, LN-2, and LN-3 were reactive with 98% of B cell lymphomas, and LN-1 and LN-2 were negative on all T cell lymphomas. In addition to identifying the cell of origin of these malignant proliferations, these MoAbs were also useful for identifying architectural features in neoplastic lymph nodes. Thus, these reagents provide the ability to assess the immunologic phenotype of neoplastic lymphocytes in conjunction with the critical morphologic criteria requiring paraffin embedding.
Opportunities for the woodwaste resource. (1997)

For most of us, the word recycling conjures up visions of curbside programs focused on collecting glass bottles, aluminum cans, plastic jugs, and old newspapers. Considerable attention has been paid to these “post consumer” waste materials, while until recently, the recycling of solid woodwaste has received relatively little attention. For many decades, waste from the wood industry’s sawmills was burned in teepee burners. Today, much of this woodwaste is utilized for new product manufacture (composite products, etc.) But what about other sources of woodwaste in this country? Demolition projects, land clearing, new construction, and other sources generate millions of tons of woodwaste every year. These wastes are typically viewed as a burdensome disposal problem; however, this material has potential to become a usable resource.
Weed Management Programs in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Field trials were conducted at two sites in both 1997 and 1998 to evaluate soybean response and weed control with glufosinate alone or combined with quizalofop, lactofen, imazethapyr, flumiclorac, or bentazon plus acifluorfen in narrow-row, glufosinate-resistant soybean. Soybean injury ranged from 0 to 21% at 2 wk after treatment (WAT) and from 0 to 5% by 4 WAT. Glufosinate alone at 0.29 and 0.4 kg ai/ha controlled velvetleaf, common waterhemp, common ragweed, morningglory species, and giant foxtail greater than 85% in all studies. Mixtures containing glufosinate and other herbicides controlled these species greater than 81% but did not improve control over glufosinate alone. Estimates of weed biomass closely reflected visual control evaluations. However, giant foxtail biomass was higher for mixtures of glufosinate plus lactofen, flumiclorac, or bentazon and acifluorfen, indicating possible antagonism of glufosinate activity. At both locations, soybean yields were similar among most treatments, but that of the glufosinate plus lactofen treatment was lower when compared with other treatments. Additional trials evaluated soybean response and weed control with a preemergence herbicide followed by glufosinate postemergence (POST), glufosinate applied once or twice POST, and mixtures of glufosinate plus imazethapyr or flumiclorac POST in wide-row soybean. Glufosinate applied twice controlled common waterhemp, morningglory species, prickly sida, common cocklebur, and giant foxtail up to 39% greater than did glufosinate applied once. The addition of imazethapyr, but not flumiclorac, to glufosinate improved weed control when compared with glufosinate alone.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; bentazon; flumiclorac; glufosinate; imazethapyr; lactofen; quizalofop; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. #3 XANST; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer # AMATA; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA; morningglory species, Ipomoea spp. # IPOSS; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. # ABUTH; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 2704 LL’.Additional index words: Herbicide mixtures, herbicide-resistant crop, soybean injury.Abbreviations: COC, crop oil concentrate; EPOST, early postemergence; LPOST, late postemergence; MPOST, midpostemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment.
Robust Classification with Convolutional Prototype Learning (2018)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for image classification. Despite its high accuracies, CNN has been shown to be easily fooled by some adversarial examples, indicating that CNN is not robust enough for pattern classification. In this paper, we argue that the lack of robustness for CNN is caused by the softmax layer, which is a totally discriminative model and based on the assumption of closed world (i.e., with a fixed number of categories). To improve the robustness, we propose a novel learning framework called convolutional prototype learning (CPL). The advantage of using prototypes is that it can well handle the open world recognition problem and therefore improve the robustness. Under the framework of CPL, we design multiple classification criteria to train the network. Moreover, a prototype loss (PL) is proposed as a regularization to improve the intra-class compactness of the feature representation, which can be viewed as a generative model based on the Gaussian assumption of different classes. Experiments on several datasets demonstrate that CPL can achieve comparable or even better results than traditional CNN, and from the robustness perspective, CPL shows great advantages for both the rejection and incremental category learning tasks.
Speech synthesis using allophones (1982)

Synthesizing speech by concatenating allophones is a new application of linear predictive coding (LPC) that provides an unlimited vocabulary. Since the stored units are individual speech sounds, any English word can be synthesized by concatenating the appropriate sounds. Our inventory contains 59 speech sounds and five pauses. Each allophone was created by extracting it from the digital waveform of a word, and then synthesizing it. The sounds are called allophones because some phonemes have two or three versions for different environments. For example, /k/ and /g/ each have three allophones: one to be used before front vowels, one before back vowels, and one in final position. In contrast, research revealed that the same /p/ can be used in all environments. Isolating final /r/ from preceding vowels was impossible because of important transitional information. Therefore there are five phonemically unique V + /r/ combinations. Due to the omission of many transitions, allophone synthesis suffers from reduced intelligibility when compared with the technique of synthesizing words as units. This compromise seems minor, however, when its flexibility and low cost are considered.
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS (2007)

UNITED STATES v. Senior Airman JORDAN C. PASSUT United States Air Force ACM 37755 16 April 2013 ____ M.J. ____ Sentence adjudged 27 August 2010 by GCM convened at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. Military Judge: W. Thomas Cumbie (sitting alone). Approved sentence: Bad-conduct discharge, confinement for 10 months, and reduction to E-1. Appellate Counsel for the Appellant: Major Michael S. Kerr; Major Anthony D. Ortiz; Captain Luke D. Wilson; and Dwight H. Sullivan, Esquire. Appellate Counsel for the United States: Colonel Don M. Christensen; Major Jason M. Kellhofer; Major Rhea A. Lagano; and Gerald R. Bruce, Esquire. Before ROAN, MARKSTEINER, and HECKER Appellate Military Judges OPINION OF THE COURT This opinion is subject to editorial correction before final publication.
A Study on Post-formal Spatial Expression in 21 st Century Fashion Design (2008)

Spatial multiplication phenomenon, expressed through de-constructive trend since the late of 20C, have got changed existing fixed and dis-variable space to smooth, fluid, and changeable space. Ex-form and fluidity of new spatial paradigm have been focused through lots of scientific theories studied between digital thought and indeterminacy and rankless nature phenomena. In 21C fashion, indeterminate and irregular form and space have been crested continuously, which could not explain simply according as the fluidity theory Different from the space crested for multi-function and multipurpose, this is revealed the characteristics of chaosmos that communizes the order and the disorder, deconstruction and creation. Ex-formal space of fashion have shown the relationship of de-centerizing, de-territorial, and do-structural phenomenon among different fashion elements. This paper intends to understand the concept of ex-form, and study expressive manners of ex-formal space of 21C fashion, and conclusion as follows. 1) Overlap changes single space of fashion to multi-layered space through the repeat system of pleats, origami, and folding. 2) Ex-gravity expressed in deviation of the gravity acting vertical direction, for example, twisting, curve, winding, portion. 3) Morphing is shown the change process from single fixed form to different complex form. 4) Blurring is expressed in re-combination and re-arrangement among elements of fashion. 5) Blob shows hybrid fashion space through the liberal compounding and separation of a lot of different elements.
Social epistemology, contextualism and the division of labour (2002)

(2002). Social epistemology, contextualism and the division of labour. Social Epistemology: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 65-81.
<title>Control processing system architecture for the Optical Communications Demonstrator</title> (1994)

A processing system was designed and implemented to support beacon acquisition, precision beam pointing, and command/control functions for the Optical Communications Demonstrator. The central processor operates as a command controlled embedded system, but by blending real-time and linear design techniques, a single digital signal processor handles all spaceborne functions. Real-time functions include operation of a CCD array detector, calculation of centroids, computation of point-ahead error, and execution of a steering mirror servo loop at 2 kHz update rate. Linear functions include command interpretation, diagnostic control of all functions, storage and interpolation of data for acquisition and point-ahead calculation, downlinking of status information, hardware control, transmit laser control, and image capture.
A new non-uniform segmentation and addressing remapping strategy for hardware-oriented function evaluators based on polynomial approximation (2010)

This paper presents a new non-uniform segmentation method for arithmetic function evaluation based on polynomial approximations. The merging of several uniform segments can reduce the required ROM size compared with normal uniform segmentation. The previously proposed hierarchical segmentation turns out to be special cases of this new approach. In general, non-uniform segmentation leads to irregular address indexing that needs extra computation hardware. Here, an address rearrangement and mapping method is proposed that does not need any additional address computation, and thus the critical path delay can be reduced. Experimental results show that this new segmentation and address remapping method can efficiently reduce the table size for some elementary arithmetic functions, such as log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> x and 1/x.
Clement's Prohibitives in Terence (1902)

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