gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-rate lithium–sulfur battery assisted by nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbons decorated with ultrafine La2O3 nanoparticles (2013)

Nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbons (NMCs) were decorated with ultrafine La2O3 nanoparticles via a simple wet impregnation method. The resulting composites with well developed mesoporous structures, high nitrogen content and uniform dispersions of La2O3 nanoparticles served as scaffolds to house sulfur for high rate lithium–sulfur batteries. Apart from their on-site trapping of polysulfides, the La2O3 nanoparticles decorated on the mesoporous carbon framework were also found to have a strong catalytic effect on sulfur reduction, offering high discharge voltages and fast electrochemical reaction kinetics. Combining the multiple effects of the well developed mesopores, nitrogen doping and La2O3 nanoparticles, the resulting ternary NMC/La2O3/S nanocomposites can deliver an initial capacity of 1043 mA h g−1 at 1 C, which remains at 799 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, they still maintain ultra-high rate capacities of 579 and 475 mA h g−1 at 3 C and 5 C, respectively, after 100 cycles. These encouraging results suggest that other metal oxides with suitable adsorption and catalytic abilities can be widely applied to decorate carbon frameworks for use in high rate lithium–sulfur systems.
Fluorescence experiments with quinine (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence experiments with quinineJames E. O'Reilly Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 9, 610Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1975Published inissue 1 September 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p610RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views12664Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
X-Ray computed tomography evaluation of intramuscular fat content in Hungarian simmental cattle (2018)

Intramuscular fat content (marbling) is an economically important factor in many beef carcass classification systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate marbling of longissimus muscle with different methods (USDA marbling score, image analysis of X-ray computed tomography scans, and conventional method), moreover it was aimed to establish the relationship between marbling traits and SEUROP conformation and fat score. Bulls (n=46) were slaughtered at an average weight of 536±126 kg and an average age of 646±437 days. The average growth rate of bulls was 955 g day–1, the average chemical fat content of longissimus varied between 2.3 to 5.0% in fat classes. The intramuscular fat content on CT-scans closely correlated with chemical fat content (r=0.9). The highest frequency of USDA marbling score was “small” (55.2%), followed by “slight” (25.5%), “modest” (17%), and “moderate” (2.1%). Bulls with higher growth rate had lower CT-measured marbling traits in longissimus muscle (r = –0.4 – –0.5). The CT scans of longissimus muscle can be used for the evaluation of marbling in Hungarian Simmental cattle. The SEUROP conformation and fat score have no relationship with marbling traits.
The impact of object-oriented technology on software quality: Three case histories (1994)

Techniques to obtain software quality are examined from the experiences of three very different object-oriented projects carried out by IBM Information Solutions Limited in 1991 and 1992. Object-oriented programming systems are sold on the promise of improved productivity from object reuse and a high level of code modularity. Yet it is precisely these aspects that also lead to their greatest benefit, namely improved software quality. In this paper, lessons learned from the three projects are described and compared, indicating approaches to consider in using object-oriented technology.
“It turned him right around”: Social competency (1990)

This is a report on the use of a modified version of Ollendick's Social Competency program. The goal of the study was to determine how effective the program is in teaching social skills. Two groups of ten children were studied. The evaluation was carried out over a two-year period. The program children displayed improved social skills by demonstration. This was also reported in positive comments from parents, teachers and children. The social popularity score of the targeted children moved positively toward the peer group mean. The program proved to be a more effective use of professional time than individual casework.
Hyperdynamics: Accelerated Molecular Dynamics of Infrequent Events (1997)

I derive a general method for accelerating the molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation of infrequent events in solids. A bias potential ( $\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{b}$) raises the energy in regions other than the transition states between potential basins. Transitions occur at an accelerated rate and the elapsed time becomes a statistical property of the system. $\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{b}$ can be constructed without knowing the location of the transition states and implementation requires only first derivatives. I examine the diffusion mechanisms of a 10-atom Ag cluster on the Ag(111) surface using a $220\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ hyper-MD simulation.
Network Systems Modelled by Complex Cellular Automata Paradigm (2011)

Most historical sources say that Cellular Automata were discovered by John von Neumann and Stanislaw Ulam in the forties of the twentieth century. Von Neumann was investigating the problem of self-reproducing systems in biology. His initial kinematic model appeared to be too complicated and he followed the suggestion from Stanislaw Ulam, who at the same time worked on problems of crystal growth. Von Neumann and Ulam defined an abstract universe in the form of two-dimensional regular mesh with interacting entities Neumann (1966). In the seventies mathematician John Conway published his set of rules called "Game of Life". His work was popularized by Martin Gardner in the pages of Scientific American. The rules of "Game of Life" implemented on computers showed an amazing world of living and dying automata. Its dynamics appeared to be so surprisingly complex that it became area of intensive studies. Vast amount of work concentrated on searching for initial conditions that evolve into non-trivial behaviour of Cellular Automata. One of the most important achievement was proving that "Game of Life" can simulate Universal Turing Machine i.e. can act as an abstract model of any computer. In the eighties Stephen Wolfram spent part of his scientific career on investigating properties of one-dimensional Cellular Automata. His important achievement was definition of 256 rules for one-dimensional Cellular Automata. He also introduced first classification scheme based on long period observation. The crowning achievement of his works was a book "A New kind of Science" Wolfram (2002). In this monumental work Wolfram outlines a new paradigm for modelling complex phenomena with Cellular Automata approach. Scientific research related to Cellular Automata were not only limited to abstract mathematical "toy". Toffoli, Margoulus and Fredkin postulated application of cellular automata for modelling physical systems Chopard & Droz (1998); They noticed that physical laws can be encoded in rules of interaction in temporally and spatially discrete universe. The milestone in Cellular Automata theory was the lattice gas model HPP developed by The model, which is in fact the Cellular Automata, consists of a simple and fully discrete system of moving and colliding particles. Although, the idea of lattice gas automata was invented independently, the Cellular Automata theory provided clear conceptual framework. HPP model and his successor FHP Frisch et al. (1986) was successful in modelling complex phenomena as flows in porous media, spreading of a liquid droplet and wetting phenomena. It is difficult now to figure out all the areas where the Cellular Automata paradigm is applied: Network Systems Modelled by Complex Cellular Automata Paradigm 12 www.intechopen.com Recent research in GPGPU computing methods shows that Cellular Automata can run very effective on graphic processors Gobron et al. (2010).
Voids in thin as‐deposited gold films prepared by vapor deposition (1977)

Thin gold films were vapor deposited onto KCl single crystals under a variety of substrate temperatures, residual gas pressures, and deposition rates. The films were subsequently examined by high‐resolution transmission‐electron microscopy. The use of the defocus contrast technique revealed a large number of small (10–50 Å in size) voids in all of the films investigated. The void density and total void volume were found to be highly sensitive to the substrate temperature and only moderately sensitive to the residual gas pressure during the deposition. Typical values of the void density in films prepared at a residual gas pressure of 10−7 Torr (∠10−5 Pa) ranged from the order of 1010/cm2 at a substrate temperature of 280° C to that of 1011/cm2 at 55° C. Similar results were obtained for a residual gas pressure of 10−4 Torr (∠10−2 Pa).
Revisiting I/O behavior in large-scale storage systems (2019)

Large-scale applications typically spend a large fraction of their execution time performing I/O to a parallel storage system. However, with rapid progress in compute and storage system stack of large-scale systems, it is critical to investigate and update our understanding of the I/O behavior of large-scale applications. Toward that end, in this work, we monitor, collect and analyze a year worth of storage system data from a large-scale production parallel storage system. We perform temporal, spatial and correlative analysis of the system and uncover surprising patterns which defy existing assumptions and have important implications for future systems.
A CTLA‐4 gene polymorphism is associated with both Graves' disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism (1997)

These results confirm that the CTLA-4 gene, or one closely associated with it, confers susceptibility to Grave's disease but is not specific as the CTLA-4 106 allele is also associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism. This association seems to be with autoimmune thyroid disease in general.
Frozen Embryos: New Technology Meets Family Law (1991)

This article addresses the various reasons and legal arguments for treating embryos as life, or in the alternative as property. In particular, this article analyzes the legal status of frozen embryos in a marital dissolution proceeding from a custodial point of view and a marital property point of view. Part I sets forth a broad policy perspective on the doctrinal choices that must be made in determining the legal status of the embryo. Part II first explores the possibility of classifying frozen embryos as human life and then presents a legal analysis, derived from the general principles of family law, for treating frozen embryos as minor children in a marital dissolution proceeding. Part III explores the possibility of classifying frozen embryos as property and then more specifically as marital property in a marital dissolution proceeding. Part IV concludes that state legislation is needed stating that embryos should be treated as property and not as human life.
Information Transmission using the Nonlinear Fourier Transform (2013)

The central objective of this thesis is to suggest and develop one simple, unified method for communication over optical fiber networks, valid for all values of dispersion and nonlinearity parameters, and for a single-user channel or a multiple-user network. The method is based on the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT), a powerful tool in soliton theory and exactly solvable models for solving integrable partial differential equations governing wave propagation in certain nonlinear media. The NFT decorrelates signal degrees of freedom in such models, in much the same way that the Fourier transform does for linear systems. In this thesis, this observation is exploited for data transmission over integrable channels such as optical fibers, where pulse propagation is governed by the nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation. In this transmission scheme, which can be viewed as a nonlinear analogue of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing commonly used in linear channels, information is encoded in the nonlinear spectrum of the signal. Just as the (ordinary) Fourier transform converts a linear convolutional channel into a number of parallel scalar channels, the nonlinear Fourier transform converts a nonlinear dispersive channel described by a \emph{Lax convolution} into a number of parallel scalar channels. Since, in the spectral coordinates the NLS equation is multiplicative, users of a network can operate in independent nonlinear frequency bands with no deterministic inter-channel interference. Unlike most other fiber-optic transmission schemes, this technique deals with both dispersion and nonlinearity directly and unconditionally without the need for dispersion or nonlinearity compensation methods. This thesis lays the foundations of such a nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing system.
A Collaborative Action Research about Making Self-Advocacy Videos with People with Intellectual Disabilities (2015)

This article presents the results of a collaborative action research conducted with people living with intellectual disabilities (ID) who were going through a community integration process. To be successfully integrated into a community, they need to develop basic life skills as much as they need to learn to use mobile technologies for authentic interactions (Davidson, 2012) and to be self-advocates online (Davidson, 2009a). This study used the Capability Approach pioneered by Sen (1992) and Nussbaum (2000), which focusses on what people can do rather than on their deficiencies. I recruited a group of eight people with ID who wished to set goals, engage in developing new capabilities, share their goals and act as models for others with ID who want to learn to live on their own. In this article, I examine the process of developing self-advocacy videos with mobile technologies using the Capability Approach and I analyze the inventory of capabilities collected through this study. I provide recommendations for intervention through mobile technologies with the long term-goal of helping people with ID to become contributing citizens. I discuss the innovative action research methodology I used to help people with ID become self-advocates and take control of the messages they give through producing their own digital resources.
Nontraumatic assessment of left ventricular wall motion and regional stroke volume after myocardial infarction. (1977)

<p>Various complex self-assembled morphologies of lamellar- and cylinder-forming block copolymers comprising poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-polylactide (PDMS-b-PLA) confined in cylindrical channels were generated. Combining top-down lithography with bottom-up block copolymer self-assembly grants access to morphologies that are otherwise inaccessible with the bulk materials. Channel diameter (D) was systematically varied with four diblock copolymers having different compositions and bulk domain spacing (L<sub>0</sub>), corresponding to a range of frustration ratios (D/L<sub>0</sub> from 2 to 4). Excessive packing frustration imposed by the channels leads to contorted domains. The resulting morphologies depend strongly on both D/L<sub>0</sub> and copolymer composition. Under several circumstances, mixtures of complex morphologies were observed, which hypothetically arise from the severe sensitivity to D/L<sub>0</sub> combined with the inherent compositional/molar mass dispersities associated with the nonuniform synthetic materials and silicon templates. Stochastic calculations offer compelling support for the hypothesis, and tractable pathways toward solving this apparent conundrum are proposed. The materials hold great promise for next-generation nanofabrication to address several emerging technologies, offering significantly enhanced versatility to basic diblock copolymers as templates for fabricating complex nanoscale objects.</p>
INVESTIGATING PRE-BREAKDOWN CURRENTS IN POLYMER TANTALUM CAPACITORS (2010)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conducting polymer, has been used since the 1990s for the cathode of tantalum capacitors, which have a tantalum anode, and a layer of tantalum pentoxide as the dielectric. Such capacitors are referred to as Polymer Ta capacitors. The first method, an in situ polymerization technique, used to deposit the polymer resulted in capacitors with a significant leakage current and breakdown voltages near 50 V. The second method, a pre-polymerization (pre-poly) technique, resulted in capacitors that have a much lower leakage current and a higher breakdown voltage than the in situ capacitors. In this thesis, an accurate measurement technique for dielectric leakage current, also referred to as the pre-breakdown current, was established for capacitors. Current versus time measurements at constant voltage were performed at several voltages and the results were compiled to obtain the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of both in situ and pre-poly types of capacitors. These characteristics were then modeled and analyzed, which led to the conclusion that the pre-breakdown current is controlled by the Poole-Frenkel mechanism in the in situ capacitors and by both the Poole-Frenkel and Schottky mechanisms in the pre-poly capacitors. Current versus time measurements were also performed at various temperatures to obtain the activation energy for the current in the capacitors and to verify the leakage mechanisms. Results suggest the presence of shallow 0.15 eV traps in the dielectric of the in situ capacitor and deeper 0.75 eV traps in that of the pre-poly capacitor. Additionally, pre-poly capacitors also have a 0.54 eV Schottky barrier that limits the electrons from being emitted into the dielectric from the electrode. Both the deep trap levels and the Schottky barrier explain the lower leakage current and higher breakdown voltage observed in the pre-poly capacitors as compared to the in situ capacitors.
Relation between Prostatic Calcification and Urolithiasis (2010)

Prostatic calculi are common finding in radiographic examination but the true incidence and the clinical significance are not clearly known. We investigated the prevalence of prostatic calculi and the relationship between prostatic calcification and urolithiasis. From January 2007 to July 2009, a database of 305 consecutive subjects who aged more than 30-year old and had regular health check in our hospital. The prostatic calculi and urinary stones were confirmed by non-enhanced CT. According to the presence of prostatic calculi, they were divided into two groups and the relationship with urolithiasis was determined using the statistical analysis. Among 305 male subjects, prostatic calculi were found in 97 (31.9%) that revealed with linear trend with aging (r=0.928, p=0.023), while asymptomatic upper urinary tract stones were found in 45 (14.9%). A significance difference was found in mean age (p<0.001), but there were no difference in prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and body mass index (BMI). In prostatic calculi group, 24 (24.7%) of subjects had urolithiasis previously unknown, while only 21 (10.1%) had urinary stone in non-prostatic calculi group. The prevalence of urolithiasis was significantly higher in men with prostatic calcification than those without prostatic calcification (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.53-5.58, p=0.001). There were no significant differences in serum chemistry between two groups. Among the 45 urolithiasis patients, there were no significant differences in the mean stone size according to the presence of prostatic calcification. Our data showed that the prostatic calcification was prevalent up to about 31.9% and frequently combined with upper urinary tract stones. These results indicate that the evaluation for urolithiasis might be needed in patients with incidentally detected prostatic calcification.
Caroline Pratt: Progressive Pedagogy In Statu Nascendi (2016)

This article explores two themes in the life of Caroline Pratt, founder of the Play School, later the City and Country School. These themes, central to Harriet Cuffaro’s values as a teacher and scholar, are Pratt’s early progressive pedagogy, developed during experimental shopwork between 1901 and 1908; and her theories on play and toys, developed while observing children play with her Do-With Toys and Unit Blocks between 1908 and 1914. Focusing on her early and previously unexplored writings, this article illustrates how Caroline Pratt developed a coherent theory of innovative progressive pedagogy.
To a Young Lawyer: Thoughts On Disobedience (1985)

To some extent, the special law applicable to lawyers overlaps with the general law that applies to the community as a whole.In some of the overlapping areas, the two sets of laws conflict, as illustrated by the above discussion of the lawyer-client privilege.In other overlapping areas, the two sets of laws attorney's traditional privilege against disclosing a work product resulting from a professional engagement.5.
Strategy: Trust: Strategy (2014)

Practically, trust is one element that squarely affects organizational behavior, strategy, and professional relationships. Neglecting to acknowledge and develop a strategic plan to ensure trust methodologies are evident and adhered to may negatively impact every organization. Theoretically, trust is one element that is sometimes perceived as evident, a given, relationally. Conversely, human and organizational effects often point reference to one possible reason of failure is attributed to mistrust. The intent of this article is to discuss the element of trust and provide strategies for organizations/stakeholders to ensure strategic plans involve and measure trust, organizationally.
Polyamides – Still Strong After Seventy Years (2010)

Abstract Polyamides are a subject of enduring interest because of their variety, their complex internal structures, their commercial importance and versatility, and their various chemistries of preparation and of long‐term use. The present review introduces these polymers and then discusses the first of the above aspects, namely the variety of the polyamides. Here, together, the full family is presented, classified conveniently according to the types and combinations of monomers from which they are constructed. magnified image
The identification of linear systems (1962)

This paper presents a procedure for identifying a linear lumped-parameter time-invariant (at least during the measurement period) single-input single-output system from its response to a step excitation.
<i>VEGF</i> polymorphisms and severity of atherosclerosis (2005)

This study provides preliminary evidence that VEGF polymorphism is associated with development of atherosclerosis, possibly via regulation of VEGF expression, supporting a protective effect for VEGF in atherosclerosis. These results require replication in an independent study group, combined with study of additional candidate polymorphisms in the VEGF gene.