gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of neural networks and fuzzy systems to power plants (1994)

Many of the problems that have occurred in the operation of nuclear power plants have been attributable in some measure to operator error, and therefore could have been prevented or alleviated by automation. Neural networks and fuzzy logic systems offer an interesting, challenging, and productive means of addressing many such problems. Although much of the work described has been to demonstrate feasibility of specific approaches, the results are encouraging and indicate that neural network and fuzzy logic systems techniques have the potential to enhance the performance, operability, and safety of nuclear power plants in a cost effective way.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved Linear Cryptanalysis of Round Reduced SIMON. (2014)

Abstract. SIMON is a family of ten lightweight block ciphers published by Beaulieu et al. from U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). A cipher in this family with K-bit key and N-bit block is called SIMON N/K. In this paper we investigate the security of SIMON against different variants of linear cryptanalysis, i.e., classic linear, multiple linear and linear hull attacks. We present a connection between linear characteristic and differential characteristic, multiple linear and differential and linear hull and differential, and employ it to adapt the current known results on differential cryptanalysis of SIMON to linear cryptanalysis of this block cipher. Our best linear cryptanalysis covers SIMON 32/64 reduced to 20 rounds out of 32 rounds with the data complexity 231.69 and time complexity 259.69. We have implemented our attacks for small scale variants of SIMON and our experiments confirm the theoretical bias presented in this work. So far, our results are the best known with respect to linear cryptanalysis for any variant of SIMON.
Properties and Applications of Microemulsions (2000)

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, fluid, optically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids. Recent interest in microemulsion systems has resulted from their utility in a broad range of applications including enhanced oil recovery, consumer and pharmaceutical formulations, nanoparticle synthesis, and chemical reaction media. However, the high levels typically required to ensure complete microemulsification and formulation stability often result in unacceptably high residue, contaminant levels, and formulation cost. One way to reduce surfactant requirements in microemulsion systems is through the use of efficient surfactants and interfacially active cosurfactants. We have explored and developed microemulsion systems based on efficient anionic surfactants and glycol ether cosurfactants that are stable to temperature and compositional changes and yet employ low levels of non-volatile surfactants. These microemulsion systems are finding utility in a range of applications, including consumer and industrial cleaning formulations, chemical reaction media, polymerization, and active ingredient delivery.
Activation of bee venom phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> through a peptide‐enzyme complex (1995)

Phospholipase A2 activation by membrane-bound peptides was investigated in order to understand the role of the membrane-induced conformation on activation, and to examine the occurrence of a peptide-enzyme complex at the lipid/water interface. For the peptides studies, bee venom phospholipase A2 was stimulated regardless of the membrane-bound conformation (alpha-helix, beta-sheet or random coil). Using antisera raised against melittin, we were able to demonstrate the occurrence of a calcium-dependent complex involving the enzyme, phospholipid substrate, and peptide.
The folic acid biosynthesis pathway in bacteria: evaluation of potential for antibacterial drug discovery (2002)

The potential of the folic acid biosynthesis pathway as a target for the development of antibiotics has been acknowledged for many years and validated by the clinical use of several drugs. Recently, the crystal structures of all but one of the enzymes in the pathway from GTP to dihydrofolate have been determined. Given that structure-based drug design strategies are now widely employed, these recent developments have prompted a re-evaluation of the potential of each of the enzymes in the pathway as a target for development of specific inhibitors. Here, we review the current knowledge of the structure and mechanism of each enzyme in the bacterial folic acid biosynthesis pathway from GTP to dihydrofolate and draw conclusions regarding the potential of each enzyme as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Exocytotic Machinery as a Target for the Development of New Drugs for Schizophrenia (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Current Drugs Directly or Indirectly Modulating the Target Conclusions: New Therapeutic Directions in Schizophrenia Abbreviations References
Application of neural networks for routing in telecommunications networks (2002)

Discusses the application of neural networks to routing in telecommunications networks under normal and abnormal conditions. Concepts related to optimal routing are discussed from the theoretical and telecommunications networks perspective to define a translation to the neural network paradigm. A sample network is then used to determine optimal neural network parameters, which are then tested to determine routing accuracy and performance under normal and abnormal routing conditions. Following the analysis of the results, conclusions and recommendations on the results are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Suspect Fuel Rod Pieces from the 105 K West Basin (2006)

This report provides physical and radiochemical characterization results from examinations and laboratory analyses performed on ~0.55-inch diameter rod pieces found in the 105 K West (KW) Basin that were suspected to be from nuclear reactor fuel. The characterization results will be used to establish the technical basis for adding this material to the contents of one of the final Multi-Canister Overpacks (MCOs) that will be loaded out of the KW Basin in late FY2006 or at a later time depending on project priorities. Fifteen fuel rod pieces were found during the clean out of the KW Basin. Based on lack of specific credentials, documentation, or obvious serial numbers, none of the items could be positively identified nor could their sources or compositions be described. Item weights and dimensions measured in the KW Basin indicated densities consistent with the suspect fuel rods containing uranium dioxide (UO2), uranium metal, or being empty. Extensive review of the Hanford Site technical literature led to the postulation that these pieces likely were irradiated test fuel prepared to support of the development of the Hanford “New Production Reactor,” later called N Reactor. To obtain definitive data on the composition of the suspect fuel, 4 representative fuel rod pieces, with densities corresponding to oxide fuel were selected from the 15 items, and shipped from the KW Basin to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s (PNNL) Radiological Processing Laboratory (RPL; also known at the 325 Building) for examinations and characterization. The three fuel rod that were characterized appear to contain slightly irradiated UO2 fuel, originally of natural enrichment, with zirconium cladding. The uranium-235 isotopic concentrations decreased by the irradiation and become slightly lower than the natural enrichment of 0.72% to range from 0.67 to 0.71 atom%. The plutonium concentrations, ranged from about 200 to 470 grams per metric ton of uranium and ranged in Plutonium-239 concentration from about 97 to 99 atom%.
New inhibitors of sepiapterin reductase. Lack of an effect of intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin depletion upon in vitro proliferation of two human cell lines. (1992)

N-Acetylserotonin (compound 1) and N-acetyldopamine (compound 7) inhibit bovine adrenal medullary sepiapterin reductase in a manner competitive with the pterin substrate and have Ki values of 0.12 and 0.4 microM, respectively. Molecular modeling suggests that the phenyl rings of the two compounds bind in the pyrimidine pocket of the enzyme with the 3-hydroxyl of dopamine or the 5-hydroxyl of serotonin aligned at the pyrimidine 4-position. Further, the acetyl moieties of the two inhibitors appear to mimic the substrate side chain. Consistent with this analysis, N-acetyl-m-tyramine (compound 13) is also an excellent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.13 microM), whereas N-acetyltryptamine (compound 2), N-acetyl-p-tyramine (compound 14) and N-acetylphenylethylamine (compound 15) all bind poorly. Interestingly, restricted-rotation analogs of N-acetyldopamine and N-acetyl-m-tyramine are noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme. Modification of N-acetyldopamine to N-chloroacetyldopamine (compound 10) or of N-acetylserotonin to the N-chloroacetyl (5) or N-methoxyacetyl (compound 6) analogs results in greatly increased competitive affinity, with Ki = 0.014 microM for the dopamine analog and 0.006 and 0.008 microM, respectively, for the serotonin analogs. In MOLT-4 T-cell leukemia and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma in culture, 0.1 mM N-methoxyacetylserotonin depleted tetrahydrobiopterin by greater than or equal to 97 and greater than 50%, respectively, with no effect upon cell growth. In both cell lines, the GTP cyclohydrolase inhibitor, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine at 1-5 mM also depleted tetrahydrobiopterin greater than or equal to 97%. In this case, however, modest growth inhibition did occur. Since the growth inhibition could not be reversed upon tetrahydrobiopterin repletion, inhibition was due to other effects of the inhibitor rather than to tetrahydrobiopterin depletion. The results show that there is no effect on cell growth when at least 97% of the tetrahydrobiopterin in these cell lines is depleted. Since the sepiapterin reductase inhibitor depleted tetrahydrobiopterin with fewer nonspecific effects than the cyclohydrolase inhibitor, it will be useful for determining metabolic effects of tetrahydrobiopterin depletion.
Macroscopic quantum tunneling and quasiparticle-tunneling blockade effect in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave hybrid junctions (2007)

We have theoretically investigated macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) and the influence of nodal quasiparticles and zero energy bound states (ZESs) on MQT in $s$-wave/$d$-wave hybrid Josephson junctions. In contrast to $d$-wave/$d$-wave junctions, the low-energy quasiparticle dissipation resulting from nodal quasiparticles and ZESs is suppressed due to a quasiparticle-tunneling blockade effect in an isotropic $s$-wave superconductor. Therefore, the inherent dissipation in these junctions is found to be weak. We have also investigated MQT in a realistic $s$-wave/$d$-wave $(\mathrm{Nb}∕\mathrm{Au}∕\mathrm{YBCO})$ junction in which Ohmic dissipation in a shunt resistance is stronger than the inherent dissipation and find that MQT is observable within the current experimental technology. This result suggests the high potential of $s$-wave/$d$-wave hybrid junctions for applications in quantum information devices.
Simultaneous identification of differential gene expression and connectivity in inflammation, adipogenesis and cancer (2006)

Our procedure is based on a two-step approach: First, mixed-model equations are applied to obtain the normalized expression levels of each gene in each class treatment. These normalized expressions form the basis to compute a measure of (possible) DE as well as the correlation structure existing among genes. Second, a two-component mixture of bi-variate distributions is fitted to identify the component that encapsulates those genes that are DE and/or DC. We demonstrate our approach using three distinct datasets including a human systemic inflammation oligonucleotide data; a spotted cDNA data dealing with bovine in vitro adipogenesis and SAGE database on cancerous and normal tissue samples.
Specific in vivo and in vitro antibody response to tetanus toxoid immunization. (1982)

Booster immunization of normal individuals with soluble tetanus toxoid (TT) produced significant levels of plasma anti-tetanus IgG and IgM detectable by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar changes in circulating anti-TT antibody were found in mice following primary immunization. There was. however, no correlation observed between circulating anti-TT antibody response and the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to soluble TT in the immunized individuals. The capacity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce specific anti-TT antibody in vitro was evaluated using a new microculture antibody synthesis enzyme-linked assay (MASELA). It was observed that the production of specific antibody in vitro correlated with the circulating anti-TT antibody level and not with the proliferative response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these recently secondary immunized individuals produced greater specific anti-TT antibody when cultured in TT coated plastic wells than did controls. The potential utility of this technique in assessing response to immunization and basic immune competence is discussed.
Observation of Interference Effects at the Focus of an X-ray Lens (1995)

During an experiment on synchrotron radiation focusing with a capillary lens, an interference structure was observed at the focal spot of the lens, despite the fact that the lens capillary diameter is about a million times greater than the wavelength of the X-ray photons (600 mum and 8 A, respectively). The width of the central peak is close to the capillary diameter. At the same time the synchrotron radiation concentration increased by more than one hundred times. Analysis shows that the capillary lens acts in many respects as a macroscopic crystal. The observed effect is accounted for by wave theory. This phenomenon may have important practical effects in many fields.
Thermal Diffusivity of UP and US from 100 to 1, 000K (1974)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: uranium phosphidesuranium sulfidesthermal diffusivitylow temperaturehigh temperaturemeasuring methodsimpuritiesaccuracy
Dissecting novel virulent determinants in the<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>complex (2012)

Prevention and control of infectious diseases remains a major public health challenge and a number of highly virulent pathogens are emerging both in and beyond the hospital setting. Despite beneficial aspects such as use in biocontrol and bioremediation exhibited by members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) some members of this group have recently gained attention as significant bacterial pathogens due to their high levels of intrinsic antibiotic resistance, transmissibility in nosocomial settings, persistence in the presence of antimicrobials and intracellular survival capabilities. The Bcc are opportunistic pathogens and their arsenal of virulence factors includes proteases, lipases and other secreted exoproducts, including secretion system-associated effectors. Deciphering the function of virulence factors and assessment of novel therapeutic strategies has been facilitated by use of diverse non-vertebrate hosts (the fly Drosophila melanogaster, the microscopic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the zebrafish and the greater Galleria mellonella wax moth caterpillar larvae). Researchers are now employing sophisticated approaches to dissect the virulence determinants of Bcc with the ultimate goal being the development of novel anti-infective countermeasures. This editorial will highlight selected recent research endeavors aimed at dissecting adaptive responses and the virulence factor portfolio of Burkholderia species.
ChemInform Abstract: Researches on Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents. Part 9. Pyrrole Analogues of Bifonazole with Potent Antifungal Activities. (1989)

Abstract In order to investigate compounds related to the antimycotic clotrimazole (I) or bifonazole (II), the pyrrolyl analogue (IX) of (II) is prepared from 4‐nitrobenzophenone (III) as shown in the reaction scheme.
Different Redox States in Malignant and Nonmalignant Esophageal Epithelial Cells and Differential Cytotoxic Responses to Bile Acid and Honokiol (2009)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal cancer in western countries. EAC cells are believed to develop from esophageal epithelial cells through complex transformation processes involving inflammation and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to compare the redox status of malignant and nonmalignant esophageal epithelial cells and to test their responses to bile acid-induced oxidative stress and to treatment with honokiol (HNK), a natural product with anticancer activity. We demonstrated that esophageal adenocarcinoma cells express significantly higher levels of antioxidant molecules and were resistant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress induced by bile acid, but were sensitive to the cytotoxic action of HNK. Mechanistic study showed that HNK caused cancer cell death by disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and was correlated with cyclophilin D (CypD) expression. Inhibition of CypD by cyclosporin A or abrogation of its expression by siRNA significantly suppressed the cytotoxicity of HNK, suggesting that CypD may be a key molecule that mediates the cytotoxicity. Our study suggests that the high antioxidant capacity in EAC cells confers on them the ability to survive the oxidative microenvironment in the reflux esophagus, and that HNK is a promising compound to kill the transformed cells preferentially.
Chemosterilant Activity of Oils, Especially Oil of Sterculia foetida, in the House Fly13 (1967)

Journal Article Chemosterilant Activity of Oils, Especially Oil of Sterculia foetida, in the House Fly Get access Morton Beroza, Morton Beroza Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. C. Labrecque G. C. Labrecque Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 60, Issue 1, 1 February 1967, Pages 196–199, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/60.1.196 Published: 01 February 1967 Article history Accepted: 22 September 1966 Published: 01 February 1967
System to Measure Thermal Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient for Thermoelectrics (2012)

The Seebeck coefficient, when combined with thermal and electrical conductivity, is an essential property measurement for evaluating the potential performance of novel thermoelectric materials. However, there is some question as to which measurement technique(s) provides the most accurate determination of the Seebeck coefficient at elevated temperatures. This has led to the implementation of nonstandardized practices that have further complicated the confirmation of reported high ZT materials. The major objective of the procedure described is for the simultaneous measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and thermal diffusivity within a given temperature range. These thermoelectric measurements must be precise, accurate, and reproducible to ensure meaningful interlaboratory comparison of data. The custom-built thermal characterization system described in this NASA-TM is specifically designed to measure the inplane thermal diffusivity, and the Seebeck coefficient for materials in the ranging from 73 K through 373 K.
Long-term cardiovascular risk of hypertensive events in emergency department: A population-based 10-year follow-up study (2018)

A hypertensive event in the ED is an independent risk factor for MACE, and follow-up visits after the event can significantly modify the risk.
INFRARED SPECTRA OF COMPLEXES OF 2-PYRIDINALDOXIME (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINFRARED SPECTRA OF COMPLEXES OF 2-PYRIDINALDOXIMERonald A. Krause, Norman B. Colthup, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1961, 65, 12, 2216–2219Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100829a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100829a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Yield and Quality of Processing Fieldgrown Tomatoes as Influenced by Inhibitors of Ethylene Biosynthesis (1984)

Abstract Preharvest foliar applications of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (aminooxyacetic acid and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) to ‘Dorchester’ and ‘Campbell 37’ processing tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) did not adversely affect fresh fruit quality (i.e.)pH, soluble solids, color, core length, core diameter, and pigmentation) or canned quality (i.e.; color, wholeness, vascularization, and acceptability). Neither total marketable yields, nor the percentage of mature green fruit were increased over untreated controls by any of the inhibitors.
Toluene-induced phase transitions in blue phase liquid crystals (2019)

We report phase transitions in blue phase-forming liquid crystals (LCs) that are triggered by exposure to toluene vapours. Specifically, we reveal that room-temperature cholesteric phase mixtures of MLC-2142 and S-811 form blue phases (BP I, II and III) with increasing vapour pressure of toluene. To probe the mechanism underlying this observation, we investigated the phase behaviour of mixtures of BP-forming LCs containing a range of non-volatile aromatic compounds (e.g. pyrene). We interpret our observations to indicate that the principal effect of small aromatic compounds is to decrease the energy penalty associated with the formation of disclination lines in BPs. We also conclude that the absorption of toluene into the BP-forming LCs lowers the energy required for the formation of disclination cores in the BP phase, thus allowing the elastically favoured double-twist cylinders to form at lower temperatures. We demonstrate that BP-forming LCs containing pyrene can be used to detect toluene at concentrations below 200 ppm at room temperature. Overall, these results guide the design of LC-based materials that respond to VOCs at concentrations relevant to occupational settings.
Virtuelle Leberteilresektion mit präoperativer Volumen-/ Funktionsplanung zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit (2010)

Weiterhin werden nur etwa 20% aller Patienten mit Lebertumoren operativ behandelt. Ursache ist häufig eine nicht ausreichende residuale Leberfunktion nach onkologischer Resektion. Eine verbesserte präoperative Planung könnte die Resektabilität von Lebertumoren erhöhen, sowie das Risiko einer postoperativen Leberinsuffizienz verringern.
Demonstration of an integrated, tunable high resolution true time delay line (2004)

We report experiments on a continuously tunable true time delay and demonstrate high resolution tuning for the first time using a multi-stage all-pass filter device implemented with Ge-doped silica planar lightwave circuits.