gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced pH drops in water (2011)

A 2-hydroxyazobenzene platform has been evaluated to photorelease protons in aqueous solutions. Three different systems relying on molecular, supramolecular and polymeric strategies have been investigated in order to tune the water solubility and the thermodynamic and kinetic properties. This paper first reports on the syntheses and the physico chemical analyses for each system. Subsequently, we show that the three strategies are appropriate to reversibly photo-generate tunable pH drops in water up to one pH unit amplitude and at the 10-100 s timescale, upon transient illumination at 365 nm.
High resolution diffraction imaging of crystals grown in microgravity and closely related terrestrial crystals (1991)

Irregularities found in three crystals grown in space, in four crystals grown entirely on the ground were examined and compared. Irregularities were observed in mercuric iodide, lead tin telluride, triglycine sulfate, and gallium arsenide by high resolution synchrotron x radiation diffraction imaging. Radiation detectors made from mercuric iodide crystals grown in microgravity were reported to perform far better than conventional detectors grown from the same material under full gravity. Effort is now underway to reproduce these 'space' crystals, optimize their properties, and extend comparable superiority to other types of materials.
Diastereomer-Differentiating Photochemistry of β-Arylbutyrophenones:  Yang Cyclization versus Type II Elimination (2005)

The diastereomers of ketones 2 and 3 are shown to exhibit distinct photochemical reactivities due to conformational preferences; while the anti isomers of 2 and 3 undergo efficient Yang cyclization in 75-90% yields with a remarkable diastereoselectivity (> 90%), the syn isomers predominantly undergo Norrish Type II elimination. The differences in the product profiles of the diastereomers are consistent with a mechanistic picture involving the formation of precursor diastereomeric triplet 1,4-biradicals in which the substituents at alpha and beta-positions stabilize the cisoid (cyclization) or transoid (elimination) geometry. The fact that such a diastereomeric relationship does indeed ensue at the triplet-excited-state itself is demonstrated via the nanosecond laser-flash photolysis of model ketones 1. The diastereomeric discrimination in the product profiles observed for ketones 2 and 3 as well as in the triplet lifetimes observed for ketones 1 can both be mechanistically traced back to different conformational preferences of the ground-state diastereomeric ketones and the intermediary 1,4-biradicals. Additionally, it emerges from the present study that the syn and anti diastereomers of ketones 2 and 3 represent two extremes of a broad range of widely examined butyrophenones, which lead to varying degrees of Yang photocyclization depending on the alkyl substitution pattern.
Advancements Toward Oil-Free Rotorcraft Propulsion (2010)

NASA and the Army have been working for over a decade to advance the state-of-the-art (SOA) in Oil-Free Turbomachinery with an eye toward reduced emissions and maintenance, and increased performance and efficiency among other benefits. Oil-Free Turbomachinery is enabled by oil-free gas foil bearing technology and relatively new high-temperature tribological coatings. Rotorcraft propulsion is a likely candidate to apply oil-free bearing technology because the engine size class matches current SOA for foil bearings and because foil bearings offer the opportunity for higher speeds and temperatures and lower weight, all critical issues for rotorcraft engines. This paper describes an effort to demonstrate gas foil journal bearing use in the hot section of a full-scale helicopter engine core. A production engine hot-core location is selected as the candidate foil bearing application. Rotordynamic feasibility, bearing sizing, and load capability are assessed. The results of the program will help guide future analysis and design in this area by documenting the steps required and the process utilized for successful application of oil-free technology to a full-scale engine.
Contact resistance instability in pentacene thin film transistors induced by ambient gases (2009)

Top-contact pentacene thin film transistors show the strong susceptibility of the contact resistance to ambient gases. Moisture and oxygen lead to the increase and decrease in the contact resistance, respectively. The phenomenon is interpreted by the local conductivity change in the contact region induced by the adsorption/desorption of ambient gases. The present works suggest that the current injection in the pentacene thin film transistors is strongly correlated with the charge transport property in the contact region, where the contact resistance is mainly controlled by the charge trap states.
A novel optical waveguide microcantilever sensor for the detection of nanomechanical forces (2006)

This study presents a novel generic multipurpose probe based on an array of 20 waveguide channels with microcantilevers acting as optical waveguides operated in the visible range. The principle of operation is based on the sensitivity of energy transfer between two butt-coupled waveguides to their misalignment with respect to each other. The technique can be considered an alternative to the known methods used for the readout of the nanomechanical response of microcantilevers to the external force exerted on them. The cantilever displacement can be detected with a resolution of 18 fm//spl radic/Hz. The limit is generally defined by the shot noise of a conventional photodetector used for the readout of the output signal. Real-time parallel monitoring of several channels can be realized. In contrast to devices based on the atomic force microscope detection principle, no preliminary alignment or adjustment, except for light coupling, is required. The detection of the cantilever deflection at subnanometer range was demonstrated experimentally.
An Information Theoretic Framework and Self-organizing Agent- based Sensor Network Architecture for Power Plant Condition Monitoring (2017)

A central goal of the work was to enable both the extraction of all relevant information from sensor data, and the application of information gained from appropriate processing and fusion at the system level to operational control and decision-making at various levels of the control hierarchy through: 1. Exploiting the deep connection between information theory and the thermodynamic formalism, 2. Deployment using distributed intelligent agents with testing and validation in a hardware-in-the loop simulation environment. Enterprise architectures are the organizing logic for key business processes and IT infrastructure and, while the generality of current definitions provides sufficient flexibility, the current architecture frameworks do not inherently provide the appropriate structure. Of particular concern is that existing architecture frameworks often do not make a distinction between ``data'' and ``information.'' This work defines an enterprise architecture for health and condition monitoring of power plant equipment and further provides the appropriate foundation for addressing shortcomings in current architecture definition frameworks through the discovery of the information connectivity between the elements of a power generation plant. That is, to identify the correlative structure between available observations streams using informational measures. The principle focus here is on the implementation and testing of an emergent, agent-based, algorithm based on the foraging behavior of ants for eliciting this structure and on measures for characterizing differences between communication topologies. The elicitation algorithms are applied to data streams produced by a detailed numerical simulation of Alstom’s 1000 MW ultra-super-critical boiler and steam plant. The elicitation algorithm and topology characterization can be based on different informational metrics for detecting connectivity, e.g. mutual information and linear correlation.
ChemInform Abstract: Caracterization of Catalysts in Reactive Atmospheres by X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cascaded counter-propagating nonlinear interactions in highly-efficient sub-µm periodically poled crystals (2017)

Mirrorless optical parametric oscillators (MOPOs) are very attractive parametric devices that rely on the nonlinear interaction of counter-propagating photons to inherently establish distributed feedback, without the use of external mirrors or surface coatings. These devices offer unique spectral and coherence properties that will benefit a large variety of applications ranging from spectroscopy to quantum communications. The major obstacle in exploiting their full potential is ascribed to the difficulty in engineering a nonlinear material in which the generation of counter-propagating waves can be phase matched. Here we present a reliable and consistent technique for fabrication of highly-efficient sub-micrometer periodically poled Rb-doped KTiOPO<sub>4</sub>. We experimentally demonstrate the first cascaded counter-propagating interactions in which the generated forward signal serves as a pump for a secondary MOPO process, reaching pump depletion larger than 60%. The cascaded process exemplifies the high efficiency of our nonlinear photonic structures. Our domain-engineering technique paves the way to realize counter-propagating schemes and devices that have been deemed unfeasible until now.
ScratchThat (2019)

Speech interfaces have become an increasingly popular input method for smartphone-based virtual assistants, smart speakers, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. While they facilitate rapid and natural interaction in the form of voice commands, current speech interfaces lack natural methods for command correction. We present ScratchThat, a method for supporting command-agnostic speech repair in voice-driven assistants, suitable for enabling corrective functionality within third-party commands. Unlike existing speech repair methods, ScratchThat is able to automatically infer query parameters and intelligently select entities in a correction clause for editing. We conducted three evaluations to (1) elicit natural forms of speech repair in voice commands, (2) compare the interaction speed and NASA TLX score of the system to existing voice-based correction methods, and (3) assess the accuracy of the ScratchThat algorithm. Our results show that (1) speech repair for voice commands differ from previous models for conversational speech repair, (2) methods for command correction based on speech repair are significantly faster than other voice-based methods, and (3) the ScratchThat algorithm facilitates accurate command repair as rated by humans (77% accuracy) and machines (0.94 BLEU score). Finally, we present several ScratchThat use cases, which collectively demonstrate its utility across many applications.
ChemInform Abstract: (CYCLOPENTADIENYL)ORGANYLCOBALT COMPLEXES (1985)

Abstract Bei Umsetzung von Coba tici‐ niumchlorid (I) mit Organo‐Li‐, Grignard‐, Diorgano‐Zm, Organo‐ZnCL und verschiedenen Chloro‐organo‐Al‐Verbindungen entstehen die Komplexe (II), (III) und (V) in sehr unterschiedlichen Mengenverhältnissen, die vom Metall, dem Rest Rund anderen an das Metall gebundenen Gruppen, dem Lösungsmittel und der Reaktionstemp. abhängen.
Modal amplitude extraction of guided waves in rails using scanning laser vibrometer measurements (2012)

It is advantageous to be able to measure the amplitude of the individual modes of propagation during the development of guided wave systems for rail monitoring. This paper addresses the problem of extracting modal amplitudes from scanning laser vibrometer measurements. The wave propagation characteristics of the rail are computed using the semi-analytical finite element method, and are used to represent the frequency response at a set of measurement locations (with unknown amplitude coefficients). Experimental frequency responses are measured and the amplitude of each mode is estimated using a pseudo-inverse technique. The selection of measurement points is investigated. A set of measureable points is defined based on accessibility and scanning angles. A technique is proposed for selecting appropriate measurement points, from within this set, to yield a well conditioned problem. It is shown that there exists a number of points, above which additional points do not add to the accuracy of the process. The method is demonstrated on a 5 m length of rail excited by a piezoelectric transducer in the lab.
Enzyme electrodes with pyrolyzed CoTMPP catalyst (1991)

Abstract Catalytic electrode with pyrolyzed cobalt‐tetramethoxy‐phenylporphyrine (CoTMPP) for facilitating the anodic detection of hydrogen peroxide is investigated. This modified electrode can operate at potentials lower (by ca. 0.2 V) than a platinum electrode. The electrode is tested in membrane enzyme biosensors for the determination of glucose and lactate in water solutions.
Understanding the first steps in embryonic stem cell exit from the pluripotent state (2011)

Our data set the stage for future studies investigating the functional role of these phosphorylation events in mESCs. These studies were greatly facilitated by the National Blood Foundation, whose support in the crucial initiation phase of these studies was invaluable.
Fluorination with xenon difluoride. Reaction with phenylsubstituted olefins (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorination with xenon difluoride. Reaction with phenylsubstituted olefinsMarko Zupan and Alfred PollakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 25, 4002–4004Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00887a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (404 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Thiophenes in Organotransition Metal Chemistry:  Patterns of Reactivity (2001)

Thiophenes, including benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes, undergo a variety of reactions with transition metal complexes that lead to products in which the thiophene is partially reduced or cleaved at a C−S bond. The specific types of reactivity depend on the modes of thiophene coordination to the metal, which in turn depend on the particular metal and its associated ligands. It is the intent of this review to organize these numerous reactions of thiophenes into categories that illustrate distinct patterns of reactivity. It is hoped that an understanding of such patterns will stimulate the use of thiophene−organotransition metal chemistry in synthetic organic chemistry.
Comparison of Repetitive Sequences Derived from High Molecular Weight Subunits of Wheat Glutenin, an Elastomeric Plant Protein (2006)

A strategy has been developed to create repetitive peptides incorporating substitutions in the PGQGQQGYYPTSLQQ consensus repeat sequence of high molecular weight subunits in order to investigate natural sequence variations in elastomeric proteins of wheat gluten. After introduction of glutamic and aspartic acid residues, the peptide behaved similarly to the unmodified form at low pH, but became readily water soluble at pH > 6. Substitution of Gln for Leu at position 13 resulted in only small changes to the secondary structure of the water-insoluble peptides, as did Tyr8His and Thr11Ala. The effects of proline substitutions depended on their location: Leu13Pro substitution had little effect on solubility and structure, but Gln6Pro substitution resulted in dramatic changes. Peptides with two Gln6Pro substitutions had similar properties to the water-insoluble parental peptide, but those with 6 or 10 substitutions were readily soluble. The results indicated that specific sequences influence noncovalent intermolecular interactions in wheat gluten proteins.
Variable‐emittance infrared electrochromic skins combining unique conducting polymers, ionic liquid electrolytes, microporous polymer membranes, and semiconductor/polymer coatings, for spacecraft thermal control (2014)

ABSTRACT Variable emittance (ε) is a property vital for the increasing needs in thermal control of future microspacecraft. This article describes fabrication, function, and performance of thin‐film, flexible, variable‐emittance (V‐E) electrochromic skins that use a conducting polymer/‐Au/‐microporous membrane (CP/Au/µP) base, and a new, unique ionic liquid electrolyte (IonEl). Poly(aniline‐co‐diphenyl amine) with a long‐chain polymeric dopant is used as the CP. A unique, patented device design yields no barrier between the active, electrochromic CP surface and the external environment, except for a thin, infrared‐transparent semiconductor/polymer film that lowers solar absorptance [α(s)] and protects from atomic‐O/far‐UV. Use of the IonEl requires special activation methods. Data presented show tailorable ε variations from 0.19 to 0.90, Δε values of >0.50 (which is the highest reported thus far for any functional V‐E material, to our knowledge), α(s) < 0.35, and nearly indefinite cyclability. Extended space durability testing, including calorimetric thermal vacuum and continuous light/dark cycling over >7 months under space conditions (<10 −5 Pa vacuum, far‐UV), show excellent durability. Other data show resistance to solar wind, atomic‐O, electrostatic discharge, and micrometeoroids. These lightweight, inexpensive, advanced polymeric materials represent the only technology that can work with micro‐ (<20 kg) and nano‐ (<2 kg) spacecraft, thus eventually allowing for much greater flexibility in their design and potentially “democratizing” the entire space industry, for example, allowing small firms to launch their own, dedicated satellites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40850.
A Full-Bandwidth Audio Codec With Low Complexity And Very Low Delay (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
Molecular Compounds. I. Picryl Chloride-Hexamethylbenzene in Chloroform Solution (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Compounds. I. Picryl Chloride-Hexamethylbenzene in Chloroform SolutionSidney D. Ross, Morton Bassin, Manuel Finkelstein, and William A. LeachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 69–74Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing Research Program: Summary FY 1989 Research Activities (1990)

This report summarizes research results from tasks conducted from March 1992 to February 1993, the fourth year of the Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing Research Program.Detailed descriptions of tasks, methods, and results are available in the reports listed in section 13 of this document.The "Future Housing Materials, Systems and Manufacturing and Design Process Development" section describes a vision of future industrialized housing and the systems and processes required to realize it.This vision is quantified in two sets of performance specifications.One is for a single-family wood composite frame and thin insulation panel house for a cool climate, the other for a multifamily lightweight concrete panel house for a hot, arid climate.These specifications have been used to work with industry to establish a series of short and medium term research goals that are valuable to industry now, but also lead toward future high performance economical industrialized housing.The "Integration of Computerized Energy Analyses with Existing and Planned CAD Software Used by the Industry" section describes two projects.The first project is the development of an energy module for a CAD system.The project is a joint effort of the University of Oregon, Pacific Northwest Laboratories and a software vendor, ASG.ASG's software package "Architecture" runs on top of AutoCAD.Architecture and AutoCAD are popular and dominate their markets.The advantage of combining an energy module with a CAD system is that the energy module can get a geometric description of the building directly from the CAD software, and the user doesn't have to re-enter the data.We expect this product to be on the market in Fall 1993.The other project in this section is the Sales to Marketing Tool.Because home buyers have the largest stake in the energy performance of a home, we believe that a computerized sales tool that allows buyers to design their own homes while considering energy has the potential to improve the energy performance of homes and increase sales.If this information is transferred electronically to engineering and manufacturing, the efficiency of the entire housing process will
ChemInform Abstract: The Combined Hydrolysis and Hydrogenation of Inulin Catalyzed by Bifunctional Ru/C. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.