gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oocyte-Expressed Interleukin 7 Suppresses Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Oocyte Maturation in Rats (2010)

Development of ovarian follicles is regulated by pituitary-derived gonadotropins together with local ovarian paracrine factors. Based on DNA microarray data, we performed RT-PCR and immunostaining to demonstrate the expression of interleukin 7 transcripts in oocytes of preantral, antral, and preovulatory follicles in rats. We also found the expression of interleukin 7 receptor and the coreceptor interleukin 2 receptor gamma in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and preovulatory oocytes. In cultured rat granulosa cells obtained from early antral and preovulatory follicles, treatment with interleukin 7 stimulated the phosphorylation of AKT, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3B), and STAT5 proteins in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, measurement of mitochondrial reductase activity indicated that treatment with interleukin 7, similar to gonadotropins, increased the number of viable granulosa cells during a 24-h culture period. Furthermore, monitoring of the activities of apoptotic enzymes (caspase 3/7) indicated that treatment with interleukin 7 suppressed apoptosis of cultured granulosa cells from both antral and preovulatory follicles following serum withdrawal. The apoptosis-suppressing actions of interleukin 7 were blocked by an inhibitor of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PIK3)/AKT pathway. Furthermore, treatment of cultured preovulatory follicles with interleukin 7, like treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin, induced germinal vesicle breakdown of oocytes. The stimulatory effect of interleukin 7 was also blocked by inhibitors of the PIK3/AKT pathway. The present findings suggest that oocyte-derived interleukin 7 could act on neighboring granulosa cells as a survival factor and promote the nuclear maturation of preovulatory oocytes through activation of the PIK3/AKT pathway.
Colorimetric analysis and performance assessment of the Hahn New Pseudoisochromatic Colour Vision Test (1998)

Hahn's New Pseudoisochromatic Colour Vision Test contains provision for screening red-green and blue-yellow colour vision deficiencies, a qualitative diagnosis as protan and deutan, and a quantitative diagnosis of red-green deficiencies. In this study 58 colour vision deficient and 68 colour vision normal subjects were examined using a battery of colour vision tests. The screening and classification ability of the Hahn test was compared with Ishihara's Test and the Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates (SPP). The quantitative diagnosis ability was assessed by comparison with the Farnsworth—Munsell D-15 Test, the Farnsworth Lantern, and the Anomaloscope range. The Hahn proved to have a colour vision screening performance comparable with the two other PIC tests. Its classification ability was poor compared with the other PIC tests, one design in the SPP plates was markedly superior. The Hahn's quantitative diagnosis plates did not produce a useful classification; more than 50% of subjects made the full six errors and only 3 of 58 colour vision deficient subjects made less than 3 errors out of the 6 plates. The colorimetric measurements are used to illustrate the design features and are consistent with these performances. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 69–77 1998
Predicting Ductile Crack Growth in Engineered Structures (2005)

The complexing ability of copper(II) in solution by the ligand N,N'-2,6-pyridinebis(oxamic acid) (H4mpyba, H4L) was determined through potentiometric and UV-vis spectroscopy at 25 °C and 0.15 M NaCl. The logarithms of the equilibrium constants for its copper(II) complexes according to the eqs 2H2L + 2Cu ⇆ [Cu2(H2L)2], 2H2L + 2Cu ⇆ [Cu2(H2L) (HL)] + H, 2H2L + 2Cu ⇆ [Cu2(HL)2] + 2H, 2H2L + 2Cu ⇆ [Cu2(HL)(L)] + 3H, and 2H2L + 2Cu ⇆ [Cu2L2] + 4H were 12.02(7), 8.04(5), 1.26(6), -7.51(6), and -16.36(6), respectively. The knowledge of the solution behavior has supported the synthesis of three new compounds bearing the common building block Cu2L2(4-). Their formulas are (Me4N)4[Cu2(mpyba)2(H2O)2]·H2O (1), (Me4N)4[K2Na2Cu4(mpyba)4(H2O)6.8]·1.6H2O (2), and [Na6Cu2(mpyba)2Cl2(H2O)8]·7H2O (3) (Me4N(+) = tetramethylammonium cation). The [Cu2(mpyba)2(H2O)2](4-) tetraanionic unit, which is present in 1, has a [3,3] metallacyclophane-type motif connected by two N-Cu-N bonds. In 2, a heterotrimetallic decanuclear nanocage is formed through front-to-front assembly of two [Cu2(mpyba)2](4-) units, which also coordinate to potassium(I) and sodium(I) cations by means of carboxylate oxygens from oxamate. The structure of 3 consists of heterobimetallic layers of formula [Na6Cu2(mpyba)2Cl2(H2O)8] and crystallization water molecules, which are interlinked by hydrogen bonds leading to a supramolecular three-dimensional network. The investigation of the magnetic properties of 1-3 in the temperature range 1.9-300 K shows the occurrence of ferromagnetic interactions between the dicopper(II) metallacyclophane unit [J = +6.85 (1), +7.40 (2), and +7.90 cm(-1) (3); H = -JSCu1·SCu2, where SCu1 = SCu2 = 1/2]. Theoretical calculations on 1-3 were carried to substantiate the nature and magnitude of the involved magnetic interactions and to support the occurrence of a spin polarization mechanism accounting for them.
Magneto-optical study on exciton screening in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-type<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">I</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>quantum wells (1997)

We have studied exciton unbinding in empty and $p$-doped quantum wells, using magnetophotoluminescence excitation measurements. The use of $p$-type quantum wells allows us to discriminate unambiguously between exciton bleaching by Coulomb screening and by the Pauli exclusion principle. We found that the ground-state heavy-hole exciton, which experiences both effects, is unbound at hole densities in the range $(6--9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}.$ In contrast, the ground-state light-hole and first excited heavy-hole excitons, which are only screened by the Coulomb interaction, still have a finite binding energy at these densities. However, for both bands, its value is far below what is found in an undoped well. Furthermore, we found a strong indication that, in $p$-doped wells, the excitons of excited subbands are less efficiently screened than those of the light-hole ground state, due to the lesser overlap of the screening ground-state heavy holes with the excited subbands than with the ground-state light holes.
Forwarding Incentives by Means of Resource Delegation and Rewards in Multihop Cellular Networks (2005)

Multihop techniques have been shown to provide ameans to increase coverage and/or capacity in cellular net-works. The concept is, however, challenged by a lackof forwarding incentives. Studies of a ...
Precision Control of Radial Magnetic Bearing (2005)

The aim of the research is to realize a radial magnetic bearing with the rotational accuracy of several nanometers. In this paper, a partial bias current method for driving electromagnets is introduced. The heat generation by the method is smaller than that by a conventional bias current method. Furthermore, the method has higher force-slew-rate than a zero bias current one at the zero force point. Then a repetitive controller is applied to eliminate the periodic runout caused by the unbalance and the profile error of the spindle. The experimental results show that the partial bias current method has the merits of precision positioning capability, low heat generation and low rotational electromagnetic damping. The repetitive controller can eliminate the periodic runout and achieve the rotational accuracy of 15.1nm at 1500min −1 .
Effects of Exercise on Articular Cartilage (1994)

Exercise places widely varying biomechanical and physiologic demands upon articular cartilage. Intermittent compression tends to stimulate chondrocyte biosynthesis, which is the basis for articular cartilage adaptation. Joint motion without compression causes articular cartilage thinning, and static loading causes decreased chondrocyte biosynthesis. In vivo canine studies have demonstrated, however, that although moderate levels of running stimulate adaptation, strenuous levels can cause detrimental articular cartilage changes. Prospective studies evaluating the effect of exercise upon articular cartilage in humans have documented increased asymptomatic knee osteophytes in runners. There seem to be activity thresholds below and above which the effects are minimal or destructive, respectively. Between these thresholds, articular cartilage seems to adapt mechanically to the loads placed upon it by exercise. The adaptive ability of articular cartilage may be compromised in the injured or aged joint.
Innovative Passive Flame Ameliorator for a Diffusion Flame Burner Using Chevrons (2015)

Diffusion flame burners are mainly used in industries over premixed flame burners for safety considerations. But the combustion process in a diffusion flame is not complete and the flame is usually in bright yellow in colour in contrast to the premixed flame which gives a bluish flame. To improve the combustion process in a diffusion flame burner a novel approach, using chevrons has been carried out. The chevrons are found to reduce the aero-acoustic noise in the exhaust jets of aircraft engines by allowing better mixing of the exhaust gas with the ambient air. The similar concept is used here where the tips of the burners are cut in the form of chevrons. Experimental investigations are carried out on burners with three and four chevrons in addition to a standard burner using LPG as the fuel. The results indicate that with the introduction of chevrons the diffusion flame becomes more compact. The premixed region, in the diffusion flame, where the air and fuel is mixed well is found to increase by nearly 100 % with the usage of chevrons, indicating better mixing of fuel and air. The results also indicate that increasing the number of chevrons from three to four does not show much variation. Further experiments are to be carried out to determine the improved fuel consumption with the usage of chevrons.
Graphene Oxide: A Convenient Carbocatalyst for Facilitating Oxidation and Hydration Reactions (2010)

Carbocatalysis the intersection of carbon materials and catalysis—is the use of large-area, metal-free carbon to facilitate chemical reactions. In their Communication on page 6813 ff., C. Bielawski and co-workers demonstrate that graphene-based materials may be used as carbocatalysts to facilitate a number of synthetically useful transformations, including the oxidation of alcohols and alkenes into their respective aldehydes and ketones, as well as the hydration of alkynes.
Axonal Preservation in Deep Subcortical White Matter Lesions in the Ageing Brain (2014)

Cerebral white matters lesions (WML) are seen in 94% of the population aged 64 and over and are associated with cognitive decline and depression. We used immunohistochemistry and stereological methods on post mortem brain samples derived from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC-CFAS) cohort to investigate the axonal density within deep subcortical lesions. There was no significant difference between the lesional and control white matter, therefore, we conclude that there is axonal preservation within these lesions that are characterized by demyelination.
Enzymatic Chlorophyll Degradation in Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines Elicited by Cereal Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Feeding (2004)

Chlorophyll degradation enzyme (i.e., chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase, and chlorophyll oxidase) activities of aphid-infested and uninfested 'Tugela' and Tugela near-isogenic wheat lines (i.e., Tugela-Dn1, Tugela-Dn2, and Tugela-Dn5) were assayed. Chlorophyllase activity was higher in bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae),-infested wheat lines compared with Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae)]-infested and uninfested plants. Mg-dechelatase activity was higher in D. noxia-infested wheat lines than in R. padi-infested and uninfested plants. Also, Mg-dechelatase activity was lower in Tugela wheat infested with D. noxia than in Tugela near-isogenic lines with Dn genes. Based on the in vitro assays of chlorophyll degradation enzyme (i.e., chlorophyllase and Mg-dechelatase) activities, we proposed that the chlorotic symptoms observed on D. noxia-infested Tugela wheat were most likely to be elicited by unbalanced chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation.
Compact model for on-chip spiral inductors (2004)

This paper presents a scalable physical model that can predict the behavior of inductors with different structural parameters over a broad range of frequency (from 0.1 to 10 GHz). Inductor varied as follows: widths from 15 /spl mu/m to 50 /spl mu/m, inner and outer radius ratios from 0.1 to 0.7 and number of turns n from 1.5 to 5.5. The model was verified by comparison with the measured results, and a good agreement is achieved in different geometric configurations.
ASYMMETRY OF FLOW AT HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK(Compressible Flow) (2005)

Symmetric and Asymmetric vortices were captured on the leeside of a conical shape forebody at high angle of attack, without perturbing the flow by sideslip angle or geometric perturbation. On the basis of RANS, two different Turbulence models have been analysed to access their ability to predict the onset of flow separation and the quantity of flow separation. Extensive simulations and analysis have given into the behavior of the flow field and the onset of vortex asymmetry. Silent features of the flow at high angle of attack were highlighted. Co-efficient of pressure plot obtained by using SST k-ω model exhibit adequate agreement with experimental data. It was concluded that asymmetry in flow in numerical simulation is basically due to truncation error which is random in nature and there is a need to predict the asymmetry of flow and unsteadiness by using the latest approach in CFD i.e. DBS.
A Photographic Study of Plasma Ignition Systems (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A photographic study was conducted using an optical-access compression-expansion machine in order to reveal the mechanism of ignition and flame propagation initiated by plasma igniters. The tests included a jet igniter with inert cavity liner (quartz), a jet igniter with reactive cavity liner (paraffin), and a J-gap spark plug. Schlieren cinematographic records were obtained for each condition along with concomitant pressure traces.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Basic features of ignition and combustion at lean limit were determined for each igniter. The spark plug permited lean operation down to an equivalence ratio of 0.7, after which mis-ignition occurred. Jet igniters provided an extension of lean limit to 0.5 in equivalence ratio. For jet igniters, these limits were imposed by either extinction of the flame or too slow burning rate, rather than by misfire.</div>
Specificity of<i>β</i>-Mannanase from<i>Penicillium purpurogenum</i>for Konjac Glucomannan (1988)

We isolated seven kinds of oligosaccharides from the hydrolysate of konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan by a purified extracellular β-mannanase from Penicillium purpurogenum No. 618. These oligosaccharides were identified as M-M, G-M, G-M-M, M-G-M, G-G-M, M-G-M-M, and M-G-G-M; where G- and M- represent β-1,4-d-glucopyranosidic and β-l,4-d-manno-pyranosidic linkages, respectively. The mode of action of the mannanase on the glucomannan is discussed on the basis of the structure of the above oligosaccharides.
Calculating curves: keratometers and ophthalmometers (2010)

Cover image courtesy of Mr Richard Keeler, Curator, museum of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists.

Question: What did Ramsden, Wollaston, Gauss, Purkyne (Purkinje), Javal, Schiotz, Landolt and von Helmholtz have in common? 

Answer: The keratometer. 

An ophthalmometer measures the optical constants of the eye and is derived from the Greek words, ophthalmos —the eye and metros —the measure. A keratometer only measures the curvatures of the anterior surface of the cornea. It provides information on the spherical and astigmatic components of the corneal curvature and also the axis …
Abstract 5009: Defined factors overcome T-cell exhaustion via abscopal effect (2018)

Abstract Irreversible exhaustion of tumor-associated T cells is an important factor limiting the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in a number of cancers. Recent data suggest that PD-1 blockade functions largely by augmenting T cell costimulation. Given that activated APCs provide necessary T-cell costimulation, we hypothesized that enforced activation of intratumoral APCs would prime tumor-specific T cells and synergize with PD-1 blockade to overcome T-cell exhaustion. After screening various agents in syngeneic murine models, we found that dual CD40/TLR4 activation within a single tumor triggers a systemic tumor-specific CD8 T-cell response that is dependent on BATF3+ dendritic cells. Remarkably, this approach abolishes exhausted PD-1+ intratumoral T cells in treated as well as distant tumors while sparing more proximal T cells outside the tumors. In addition to treating large established tumors, this approach also confers persistent immunity allowing animals to reject reimplanted tumors 90 days after treatment. Dual CD40/TLR4 activation within a single tumor is thus a promising method for overcoming tumor-associated T-cell exhaustion in a manner that may provide durable systemic control of metastatic human cancers while sparing healthy tissues. Citation Format: Danny Khalil, Luis Felipe Campesato, Sadna Budhu, Yanyun Li, Caitlin Jones, Nathan Suek, Cailian Liu, Billel Gasmi, Rachel Giese, Stephane Pourpe, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok. Defined factors overcome T-cell exhaustion via abscopal effect [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5009.
Recognition of foreign antigen by T cells and their role in immune protection (1989)

Division of Immunobiology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK
The Impact of Discordance Between Biopsy and Pathological Gleason Scores on Survival After Radical Prostatectomy (2008)

Biopsy Gleason score predicts systemic progression and cancer death in patients with pathological Gleason 3 + 4 tumors. Nevertheless, adding biopsy Gleason score to Gleason score, prostate specific antigen, and seminal vesicle and margin status did little to increase the predictive value of the model, which emphasizes the relative importance of pathological criteria for risk stratification.
Analysis of the Adsorption of Anti-Copper-Corrosion Additives by Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2018)

As a model system of adsorption process of anti-corrosion additives on the metal surface, molecular dynamics simulation of benzotriazole (BTA) molecules with copper slabs has done. As a force field, we used ReaxFF (Reactive Force-Field) interatomic potential to simulate adsorption dynamics and the charge transfer on the solid surface. In order to investigate the selective adsorption, the physical adsorption and the chemical adsorption on the surface, we made hybrid slab model which have both a copper (Cu) area and a copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) area. The number of BTA molecules adsorbed on the Cu area is 5 times larger than that on the Cu2O area. BTA molecules made adsorbed layer in parallel to the copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) surface, and aggregation of the molecules due to the surface diffusion is found. On the other hand, BTA molecules made adsorbed layer in vertical to the copper (Cu) surface. Detailed dynamics focused on charge transfer shows surface diffusion and enhancement of polarization due to charge transfer from the metal surface caused the selective adsorption. In real phenomena, the reason why a few anti-corrosion additives are able to protect metal surface thought that it is from this selective nature of adsorption onto newly formed metal surface.
Nexus (2005)

Tamper-proof coprocessors for secure computing are poised to become a standard hardware feature on future computers. Such hardware provides the primitives necessary to support trustworthy computing applications, that is, applications that can provide strong guarantees about their run time behavior.
Synthesis of a 6H-Benzofuro[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-6-one. A New Application of the Hurtley Reaction (1993)

Abstract A copper(I)bromide promoted substitution of 2-bromobenzofuran-3- carboxylic acid (2b) with dimedone and subsequent lactonization offers a new route to a modified coumestane ring system.
Induction of Tumor Promotor-Inducible Genes in Murine 3T3 Cell Lines and Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate-Nonproliferative 3T3 Variants Can Occur through Protein Kinase C-Dependent and -Independent Pathways (1989)

We isolated a group of genes that are rapidly and transiently induced in 3T3 cells by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). These genes are called TIS genes (for TPA-inducible sequences). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and TPA activated TIS gene expression with similar induction kinetics. TPA pretreatment to deplete protein kinase C activity did not abolish the subsequent induction of TIS gene expression by epidermal growth factor or fibroblast growth factor; both peptide mitogens can activate TIS genes through a protein kinase C-independent pathway(s). We also analyzed TIS gene expression in three TPA-nonproliferative variants (3T3-TNR2, 3T3-TNR9, and A31T6E12A). The results indicate that (i) modulation of a TPA-responsive sodium-potassium-chloride transport system is not necessary for TIS gene induction either by TPA or by other mitogens and (ii) TIS gene induction is not sufficient to guarantee a proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation.
Gold Carbenoids: Lessons Learnt from a Transmetalation Approach (2013)

Carbophilic catalysts that are based on Au(I) allow a host of different nucleophiles to be added across various π systems. Although many of these reactions are thought to proceed via gold carbenoids, the challenge to observe and characterize these putative intermediates has basically been unmet. The current mechanistic interpretation therefore largely relies on indirect evidence and computational data, some of which are subject to debate. In an attempt to fill this gap, we pursued a potential route to gold carbenoids by formal transmetalation of chromium or tungsten Fischer carbene complexes with [LAu](+). Whereas this transformation proceeds with exceptional ease as long as a stabilizing heteroelement is present on the carbene center, it stops half-way in its absence. Rather unusual bimetallic arrays are formed, which allow the charge density to delocalize over several positions. The obvious difficulty of releasing an "unstabilized" gold carbenoid has potential mechanistic implications for the understanding of π-acid catalysis in general.