gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple model for the calculation of nonlinear optical response functions and femtosecond time-resolved spectra (2003)

A simple model is developed for the calculation of optical response functions for electronically nonadiabatic systems coupled to a heat bath. A phenomenological dissipation ansatz is suggested which describes the major bath-induced relaxation processes, namely excited-state population decay, optical dephasing, and vibrational relaxation. The model is constructed in such a way that it allows one to express the nonlinear response functions for a dissipative system in terms of those for the corresponding bath-free system. The explicit formulas for the third order response functions are given. Several special cases are considered for which the evaluation of the response functions simplifies considerably. To illustrate the performance and validity of the theory, the response functions have been used for the calculation of time and frequency gated spontaneous emission spectra. The time-dependent spectra derived from the model have been compared with those calculated (i) for the standard damped harmonic oscillator model and (ii) for a model nonadiabatic electron-transfer system with Redfield theory. It is concluded that the present model provides qualitatively correct response functions and, therefore, may be useful for the interpretation of observed time-resolved spectra.
Computational analysis and experimental validation of tumor-associated alternative RNA splicing in human cancer. (2003)

A genome-wide computational screen was performed to identify tumor-associated alternative RNA splicing isoforms. A BLAST algorithm was used to compare 11,014 genes from RefSeq with 3,471,822 human expressed sequence tag sequences. The screen identified 26,258 alternative splicing isoforms of which 845 were significantly associated with human cancer, and 54 were specifically associated with liver cancer. Furthermore, canonical GT-AG splice junctions were used significantly less frequently in the alternative splicing isoforms in tumors. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments confirmed association of the alternative splicing isoforms with tumors. These results suggest that alternative splicing may have potential as a diagnostic marker for cancer.
Kinematic subsidence modelling of the Lower Rhine Basin (2002)

Abstract Kinematic geological models can greatly enhance our understanding of the interaction and timing of processes involved in the formation of sedimentary basins. The prototype tool for the calculation and visualisation of such models presented here is aimed at studying subsidence rates and patterns at basin scale: A backstripping algorithm is applied to a geometrical 3D-model consisting of prismatic volumes, constructed from an initial set of stacked triangulated surfaces. As a result, we obtain a collection of palinspastically restored volumes for each timestep of basin evolution. The backstripped volumes of each layer are then arranged within a timescene, and the set of timescenes collected as a hierarchical timetree. By interpolating between succeeding key-frames, the subsidence history of the basin can be viewed as an interactive, continuous animation. The approach is illustrated using a high-resolution dataset from the German part of the Cenozoic Lower Rhine Basin.
Editorial: Platelets as Immune Cells in Physiology and Immunopathology (2015)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 03 June 2015Sec. Inflammation Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00274
Camera-based pulse-oximetry - validated risks and opportunities from theoretical analysis (2017)

Camera-based pulse-oximetry has recently shown to be feasible, even when the signal is corrupted by noise and motion artifacts. Earlier work showed that using three instead of the common two wavelengths improves robustness of the measurement, however without a thorough investigation on the optimal wavelength selection. We therefore performed a search to identify these wavelengths to further improve the robustness of the measurement. Besides motion, it is empirically known that there are several other factors that influence the measurement leading to falsely-low or falsely-high SpO<sub>2</sub> readings. These factors include the presence of dyshemoglobins or other species. In this paper, we use a theoretical skin-model to study how these factors influence the measurement, and how a proper wavelength selection can reduce the impact on the measurement. Additionally, we show that adding a third wavelength does not only improve robustness, but can also be exploited to create a reliability index for the measurement. Finally, we show that the presence of dyshemoglobins in arterial blood can not only be detected but also quantified. We illustrate this by comparing the estimated COHb levels of a small group of smokers and non-smokers, which typically have different CO-levels.
LncRNA TSLC1-AS1 is a novel tumor suppressor in glioma. (2014)

Growing evidence demonstrates that long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cancer origination and progression. A novel lncRNA, TSLC1-AS1, is the antisense transcript of tumor suppressor TSLC1. The expression profile and function of TSLC1-AS1 in glioma were investigated using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and siRNA knockdown. The data showed that TSLC1-AS1 expression was down-regulated in tumor tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, and negatively associated with the WHO criteria of the tumors. Overexpression of TSLC1-AS1 resulted in up-regulation of TSLC1 and significant inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in U87 cells, while knockdown of TSLC1-AS1 in SNB-19 cells showed the opposite effect. The expression of TSLC1-AS1 was also positively correlated with other tumor suppressors NF1, VHL, PIK3R1 and negatively correlated with the oncogene BRAF. The results suggested that TSLC1-AS1 was a tumor suppressor of glioma and a mediator of TSLC1 expression. LncRNA TSLC1-AS1 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
Simultaneous H<sub>2</sub> Generation and Biomass Upgrading in Water by an Efficient Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Electrocatalyst (2016)

Abstract As an environmentally friendly approach to generate H 2 , electrocatalytic water splitting has attracted worldwide interest. However, its broad employment has been inhibited by costly catalysts and low energy conversion efficiency, mainly due to the sluggish anodic half reaction, the O 2 evolution reaction (OER), whose product O 2 is not of significant value. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to replace OER with a thermodynamically more favorable reaction, the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), catalyzed by 3D Ni 2 P nanoparticle arrays on nickel foam (Ni 2 P NPA/NF). HMF is one of the primary dehydration intermediates of raw biomass and FDCA is of many industrial applications. As a bifunctional electrocatalyst, Ni 2 P NPA/NF is not only active for HMF oxidation but also competent for H 2 evolution. In fact, a two‐electrode electrolyzer employing Ni 2 P NPA/NF for simultaneous H 2 and FDCA production required a voltage at least 200 mV smaller compared with pure water splitting to achieve the same current density, as well as exhibiting robust stability and nearly unity Faradaic efficiencies.
Branching of negative streamers in free flight (2002)

We have recently shown that a negative streamer in a sufficiently high homogeneous field can branch spontaneously due to a Laplacian instability, rather than approach a stationary mode of propagation with fixed radius. In our previous simulations, the streamer started from a wide initial ionization seed on the cathode. We here demonstrate, in improved simulations, that a streamer emerging from a single electron branches in the same way. In fact, though the evolving streamer is much more narrow, it branches after an even shorter propagation distance.
Validation of K-XRF bone lead measurement in young adults. (1995)

K-X-ray fluorescence (K-XRF) is a useful tool for assessing environmental exposure to lead in occupationally exposed individuals and older adults. This study explores the possibility of using this technique on young adults with low environmental lead exposure. Twenty-three college students, aged 18-21 years, were recruited for 2 hr of bone lead measurement. Bone lead measurements were taken from the mid-shaft tibia for periods of 30 or 60 min. In the analysis, 30-min measurements were combined so that each subject had the equivalent of two 60-min measurements. The average concentration of two bone lead measurements in this population ranged from -1.5 to 8.2 micrograms Pb/g bone mineral, with a mean of 3.0 micrograms Pb/g bone mineral. In a one sample t-test, this mean was significantly different from 0 (p < 0.0001). A linear trend with age was detected despite the small age range of our population. By doubling the sampling time, the reported measurement uncertainty decreased by a factor of 1.5, resulting in uncertainty estimates below the mean bone lead estimates. Power calculations using the observed variance estimates suggest that with 80% power, differences in bone lead concentration of 2-3 micrograms Pb/g bone mineral can be identified in groups of 100 or smaller. Due to the large within-person variation in young adults, K-XRF may not yet be a useful diagnostic tool for individual subjects, but it may be of great use to environmental scientists trying to characterize long-term lead exposure and dose in the general population or specific subpopulations.
Compact Circuit Model and Hardware Emulation for Floating Memristor Devices (2013)

A compact circuit model and physical hardware emulation for floating memristors are presented. By utilizing memristor 'resistance' as a state variable, and constructing a hardware emulator using a low-complexity modular structure, the model-based emulation can replicate diverse behaviors of different device types. Our hardware emulator for a voltage-actuated, threshold sensitive, two-terminal, floating memristor demonstrates experimentally memristor dynamics. The emulator is capable of computing any arithmetic operations without any disturbance associated with composition of modular structures.
The Biology of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor System in the Female Reproductive Tract (2013)

Fuel sensors such as glucose, insulin or leptin, are known to be directly involved in the regulation of fertility at each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The discovery of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors has revealed the link between lipid/glucose availability and long-term metabolic adaptation. By binding to specific regions of DNA in heterodimers with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the members of the PPAR family (α, β/δ, γ) are able to regulate the gene expressions of several key regulators of energy homeostasis including several glucose regulators (glucose transporters, insulin receptor, substrate insulin receptor, etc), and also metabolic and endocrine pathways like lipogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, oocyte maturation, maintenance of the corpus luteum, nitric oxide system, several proteases and plasminogen activator among others. All the three PPAR isoforms are expressed in different tissues of the female reproductive tract and regulate gametogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum regression and the implantation process among others. The present review discusses the mechanisms involved in PPAR activation focusing on endogenous and synthetic ligands of PPAR not only in physiological but also in pathological conditions (such as polycystic ovary syndrome, pathologies of implantation process, chronic anovulation, etc).
Characterization of grape seed and pomace oil extracts (2007)

The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient and antioxidant contents of grape seed and pomace oil extracts from the main Turkish wine grape cultivars, Kalecik karas1, Narince, Hasandede and Emir. Dried and powdered seed and pomace materials were extracted with hexane. The results showed that the oil concentration of seeds ranged from 12.35 to 16.00% while in pomace the oil concentration varied from 5.47 to 8.66%. Grape seed and pomace oils were rich in oleic and linoleic acids and the degree of unsaturation in the oils was over 85%. α- tocopherol was the most abundant tocopherol in the oil extracts. Although γ and δ-tocopherols were found with low concentrations, β-tocopherol was not detected in the oil extracts. Oil extracts from pomace in all cultivars gave the highest tocopherol contents compared to the seeds. The contents of total phenolics were higher in pomace oil extracts than seed oil extracts. The highest total phenolic content (392.74 mg/kg) was found in the oil extract from Narince pomace compared to the other oil extracts. The refractive indexes of pomace oil extracts ranged from 1.445 to 1.468 while the refractive indexes of the seed oil extracts ranged from 1.460 and 1.466. In conclusion, wine byproducts including the seeds and pomace can be utilized both to get natural antioxidants and to obtain edible vegetable oil.
Dynamics of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation in egg yolk by autotrophic microalgal supplementation (2015)

Four different microalgal species ( Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Isochrysis galbana , Nannochloropsis oculata , and Chlorella fusca ) in two doses (125 and 250 mg ALA + EPA + DHA per 100 g feed) were supplemented to the diet of laying hens to examine the impact on the dynamics of long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) incorporation in the egg and yolk color changes. However, no major differences in dynamics of these parameters were observed between the species and between the supplementation doses. The maximum n‐3 LC‐PUFA content was observed after 14 days supplementation, except for the highest supplementation doses of Phaeodactylum and Nannochloropsis . In this case, the maximal value was obtained after 10 days. After a few days of wash‐out, still an enrichment of n‐3 LC‐PUFA was observed, except for the lowest dose of Chlorella . Due to the enrichment of carotenoids in the egg, originating from microalgae, the yolk color changed. Concomitant with the delay of n‐3 LC‐PUFA incorporation, also a delay of yolk color changes was observed. After 7 days of microalgal supplementation, again a stable yolk color was obtained and after 10 days of wash‐out, the yolk color returned to the standard yolk color in most cases. Practical applications: Knowledge of the dynamics of n‐3 LC‐PUFA and carotenoid incorporation is very important to know how long the microalgae need to be supplemented in to the diet of the laying hens in order to find a compromise between omega‐3 and pigment levels to be stated on eggs' labels and the cost of the treatment. From an economical viewpoint, it is interesting to evaluate the supplementation of different microalgal species and different doses, since this could lead to different impacts on the economical aspect of the use of microalgae in the diet of laying hens. Microalgae were supplemented into the diets of laying hens and the impact of this supplementation on long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into the egg and yolk color changes was examined.
Experimental results from the Lysekil Wave Power Research Site (2012)

This thesis presents how experimental results, from wave power research performed offshore at the Lysekil research site, were obtained. The data were used to verify theoretical models as well as evaluate the feasibility of wave power as a future sustainable energy source. The first experiments carried out at the research site was the measurement of the force in a line where one end was connected to a buoy with a diameter of 3 m and the other end to a set of springs with limited stroke length. The system is exposed to high peak forces compared to average forces. The maximum measured force in the line, when the buoy motion is limited by a stiff stopper rope is ten times the average force in that particular sea state. The experiment performed on the first wave energy converter tested at the Lysekil Research Site is described. The infrastructure of the site is presented where the central connection point is the measuring station. The key finding is that it is possible to transform the motions of ocean waves into electrical energy and distribute it to land. Many wave energy converters must be interconnected if large amounts of energy are to be harvested from the waves. The first submerged substation intended for aggregation of energy from wave power converters is described, with focus on the measurement and control system placed inside the substation. During this experiment period the generators were equipped with many different sensors; these measurements are explained in the thesis. The system that aggregates power from the studied wave energy converter is regularly exposed to peak power of up to 20 times the maximum average output from the converter. Vertical and horizontal movement of the buoy has been measured in different ways. The result is that the vertical displacement of the buoy can be measured with a simple accelerometer circuit but it is much more complicated to measure the horizontal displacement. A special method for measuring the horizontal displacement has been implemented by measuring the strain in the enclosure and the force in the line.
Multispectral image segmentation using the rough-set-initialized EM algorithm (2002)

The problem of segmentation of multispectral satellite images is addressed. An integration of rough-set-theoretic knowledge extraction, the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, and minimal spanning tree (MST) clustering is described. EM provides the statistical model of the data and handles the associated measurement and representation uncertainties. Rough-set theory helps in faster convergence and in avoiding the local minima problem, thereby enhancing the performance of EM. For rough-set-theoretic rule generation, each band is discretized using fuzzy-correlation-based gray-level thresholding. MST enables determination of nonconvex clusters. Since this is applied on Gaussians, determined by granules, rather than on the original data points, time required is very low. These features are demonstrated on two IRS-1A four-band images. Comparison with related methods is made in terms of computation time and a cluster quality measure.
Line and circle finding by the weighted Mahalanobis distance transform and extended Kalman filtering (2002)

The paper presents a new parameter space approach, called the Weighted Mahalanobis Distance Hough Transform (WMDHT) whose main merit is to incorporate formal stochastic image and feature noise models. It is aimed at improving the efficiency, accuracy and reducing the size of the accumulator arrays by combining it with extended Kalman filter refinement. It works by detecting image feature points in the neighbourhood of a contour instead of exactly on the contour through a Mahalanobis distance measure modified by a weight function inversely proportional to the distance between the point and an ideal contour. The method is applicable to geometric features of any dimensionality and the paper illustrates it by considering detection of straight and circular segments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Variable Displacement Compressor/Expander for Vehicular Fuel Cell Air Management (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A “Proof of Concept” demonstration of a vehicular fuel cell air management system has been performed by <i>VAIREX</i> Corporation of Boulder, Colorado, USA. Pressure was generated between two proprietary Variable Positive Displacement Superchargers; one acting as a compressor, and one acting as an expander. A constant pressure of 207 kPa was maintained over a 5:l speed range. As much as 25% of the compressor driving power was recovered by the expander. The development of a dedicated fuel cell compressor/expander system based on this technology is now being sponsored by the Department of Energy.</div>
PCI express and advanced switching: evolutionary path to building next generation interconnects (2004)

With processor and memory technologies pushing the performance limit, the bottleneck is clearly shifting towards the system interconnect. Any solution that addresses the PCI bus-based interconnect, which has serious scalability problems, must also protect the huge legacy infrastructure. PCI Express provides such an evolutionary approach and allows a smooth migration towards building a highly scalable next generation interconnect. Advanced switching further boosts the capabilities of PCI Express by allowing a rich application space to be covered that includes multiprocessing and peer-to-peer communication. Indeed, the synergy between PCI Express and advanced switching permits the adoption of an evolutionary yet revolutionary approach for building the interconnect of the future.
Diffusion-controlled reactions (1966)

A. M. North, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1966, 20, 421 DOI: 10.1039/QR9662000421
Endorphins and pain. (1983)

Endorphinergic neurons certainly play a role in the brain's processing of painful stimuli. Endorphins act to alter pain appreciation at many levels within the central nervous system including spinal cord, midbrain, thalamus, and cortex. The activity of this pain-suppressing system may play a role in individual differences in the experience of pain. Endorphinergic mechanisms play a major role in analgesia associated with stress and acupuncture, and perhaps mediate placebo-induced analgesia. Chronic pain influences endorphinergic function perhaps depleting endorphinergic neurons of their neurotransmitters. Endorphin function and pain sensibility are prominently affected in affective illness and schizophrenia. It may be that endorphinergic neurons play a fundamental role in selective attention--a kind of sensory filtering of information flow--in somatosensory and other sensory modalities.
STOCHASTIC CALCULUS AND APPLICATIONS (1983)

By R. J. Elliott: pp. 302. DM.112.–; US$44.80. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982.)
Natural noise fields from 1 cps to 100 kc (1963)

Vertical electric <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> and horizontal magnetic rms noise field intensifies have recently been measured by the authors over the frequency range of 30 cps to 50 kc for all seasons of the year and for all time blocks. This data is combined with that of other workers in the field to present the natural noise density spectra from 1 cps to 100 kc for central United States regions. The portion of the data between 10 and 100 kc is found to be in close agreement with CCIR Report 65, "Revision of Atmospheric Radio Noise Data" [1]. Seasonal and diurnal variations at these locations are seen to become small below 1 kc. In addition to rms data, the authors measured the peak envelope occurring within 5-minute time intervals in a 7-cps bandwidth. Under certain conditions, rapid changes in the peak envelope to rms dynamic range were noted between 3 and 8 kc. This phenomenon is discussed with respect to source characteristics and propagation.
Celiac Axis Extension Grafts in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (2018)

Geha, John A. ,M.D.; Thao Galvan, N. ,M.D.; Kueht, Michael ,M.D.; Yoeli, Dor ,M.D.; Geha, Joe D. ,M.D.; Rana, Abbas ,M.D.; Cotton, Ronald T. ,M.D.; O’Mahony, Christine A. ,M.D.; Goss, John A. ,M.D. Author Information