gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A software testing and reliability early warning (strew) metric suite (2005)

The demand for quality in software applications has grown, and awareness of software testing-related issues plays an important role towards that. Unfortunately in industrial practice, information on software field quality of a product tends to become available too late in the software lifecycle to affordably guide corrective actions. An important step towards remediation of this problem lies in the ability to provide an early estimation of post-release field quality. \n\nThis dissertation presents a suite of nine in-process metrics, the Software Testing and Reliability Early Warning (STREW) metric suite, that leverages the software testing effort to provide (1) an estimate of post-release field quality early in software development phases, and (2) a color-coded, feedback to the developers on the quality of their testing effort to identify areas that could benefit from more testing. We built and validated our model via a three-phase case study approach which progressively involved 22 small-scale academic projects, 27 medium-sized open source projects, and five large-scale industrial projects. The ability of the STREW metric suite to estimate post-release field quality was evaluated using statistical regression models in the three different environments. The error in estimation and the sensitivity of the predictions indicate the STREW metric suite can effectively be used to predict post-release software field quality. Further, the test quality feedback was found to be statistically significant with the post-release software quality, indicating the ability of the STREW metrics to provide meaningful feedback on the quality of the testing effort.
October consultation #4 (2011)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: October 2011 - Volume 37 - Issue 10 - p 1911-1912 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.08.015
The Chemistry of p-Xylylene.<sup>1</sup> I. The Preparation of Solutions of Pseudodiradicals<sup>2</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of p-Xylylene.1 I. The Preparation of Solutions of Pseudodiradicals2L. A. Errede and B. F. LandrumCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 18, 4952–4955Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01575a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01575a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrically Mediated Process for Functinal and Decorative Trivalent Chromium Electroplating: An Alternative to Hexavalent Chromium (2007)

Research work performed to develop a functional and decorative trivalent chromium plating process from a single, simple to control trivalent-based electrolyte to replace hexavalent chromium plating will be reported. Hexavalent chromium plating has been used for many years to provide hard, durable coatings with excellent wear and corrosion resistance properties. However, hexavalent chromium baths have come under increasing scrutiny due to the toxic nature of the bath, effects on the environment, and workers' health. In this work, Faraday is updating its accomplishments to date to achieve properties comparable to existing hexavalent chromium plating for both functional and decorative applications. Continuing work on the bath chemistry, diffusion layer, hydrodynamics, and electrically mediated process parameters will also be discussed.
Two more diagnostic systems (1994)

In chapter 7 abduction stumbled. Our powerful all-purpose inference pattern, maybe the basis for all knowledge from experience, was mathematically proved to be impossible (or anyway deeply impractical under ordinary circumstances). How can this be? Apparently we do make abductions all the time in ordinary life and science. Successfully. Explanation-seeking processes not only finish in reasonable time, they get right answers. Correct diagnosis is possible, even practical. (Or maybe skepticism is right after all, knowledge is impossible, correct diagnosis is an illusion.)
α-Phenylethyl Alcohol (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-Phenylethyl AlcoholNathan Kornblum and Stephen A. Herbert Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5890–5891Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a532https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a532research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multisensor estimation of vegetation characteristics (2002)

The case for a multisensor approach to estimate and monitor vegetation characteristics has been well-established. SAR sensors have shown promise in not only classifying vegetation types but also in estimating parameters such as biomass, canopy height, and diameter at breast height (dbh). The accuracy with which vegetation types can be classified and the above parameters estimated can be significantly improved by using data from other optical sensor systems such as color-infrared (IR) imagery and satellite photography. The authors have obtained contemporaneous and coregistered SIR-C SAR and airborne color-IR images as well as satellite photographs of a forested area in New Hampshire. Bayesian classification technique is being investigated in order to classify vegetation into broad classes. Inversion algorithms are also being developed for estimating specific vegetation parameters once broad classes have been delineated. The added benefit of integrating optical sensor data with the SAR imagery is being studied in terms of classification and estimation accuracy.
High temperature resistant fiber Bragg grating lasers for sensing applications (2009)

We present a high-temperature-resistant distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser photowritten in Er/Yb codoped phosphosilicate fiber that is capable of long-term operation at 500 °C. Highly saturated Bragg gratings are directly inscribed into the Er/Yb fiber without hydrogen loading by using 193 nm excimer laser. After subjected to a significant decay at elevated temperature, the stabilized gratings are strong enough for laser oscillation. The laser operates in robust single longitude mode with output power more than 1 dBm and signal-to-noise ratio better than 70 dB over the entire temperature range from room temperature to 500 °C.
Notizen: Notiz zur Stereochemie des Meteloidins (1954)

triumcyanid wurden mit 2 ccm Äthanol und 0,5 ccm Wasser 95 Stdn.lang unter magnet.Rühren unter Rückfluß erhitzt.Der Alkohol wurde abgedampft, der Rückstand mit 0,1 g NaOH in 0,5 ccm Wasser versetzt, worauf noch 5 Stdn.unter Rückfluß gekocht wurde.Unter Eiskühlung wurde sodann mit 1 ccm konz.Salzsäure vorsichtig versetzt, wobei ein Niederschlag ausfiel, der abgesaugt wurde.Der beim Eindampfen der Mutterlauge hinterbleibende feste Rückstand wurde mit dem abgesaugten Niederschlag zusammen bei 70° getrocknet und mit Dichloräthylen siedend aus einem Extraktionsrohr mit Glasfritte extrahiert.Die Lösung wurde auf etwa 10 ccm eingeengt und über Nacht im Eisschrank stehen gelassen.Nach dem Absaugen und
A Controlled Access to Spatial Data on Web (2004)

SUMMARY The proliferation of Geographical Information services on the Web is creating unprecedented opportunities for the shared use of geographical information and at the same time an increasing need of controlled access to spatial data. In the paper we present an approach to the definition of an access control system for spatial data on the Web. The goal is to provide a mechanism for controlling what spatial data can be accessed by whom, for doing what and where. For that purpose, we propose an access control model based on a spatially extended notion of authorization rule. An architectural framework for enclosing such a model into a Geographical Information service has been developed and applied to a case study.
Crambescidin 826 and Dehydrocrambine A:  New Polycyclic Guanidine Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge <i>Monanchora </i>sp. that Inhibit HIV-1 Fusion (2003)

Two new polycyclic guanidine alkaloids, crambescidin 826 (1) and dehydrocrambine A (2), and the known compounds crambescidin 800 (3) and fromiamycalin (4) were isolated from the marine sponge Monanchora sp. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by 2D NMR and mass spectrometry, and relative stereochemistry was established by analysis of coupling constants and ROESY spectra. The pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids 1, 3, and 4 inhibit HIV-1 envelope-mediated fusion in vitro with IC(50)'s of 1-3 microM, while compound 2, a tricyclic guanidine alkaloid, showed weaker inhibition, with an IC(50) of approximately 35 microM.
Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils by Means of a Quicklime-Based Treatment Approach (1996)

The effectiveness of a quicklime-based treatment on reducing the mobility of heavy metals (lead, chromium, arsenic and mercury) in contaminated soils was evaluated using both slurry batch-contact and optimum water content compaction experimental techniques. The results indicated that lead, arsenic and trivalent chromium leachabilities were significantly reduced as a result of the quicklime treatment, while at the same time significant strength gains were evidenced for the treated soils. However, more hexavalent chromium was released from lime treated mixes than from the untreated solid due to the low adsorption and high solubility of chromate at high pHs. The results obtained from pH-controlled extraction, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy suggested that a significant portion of the immobilized heavy metals are strongly associated with pozzolanic reaction products.
Enhanced Radiation Effects on Submicron Narrow-Channel NMOS (1982)

We have observed an enhanced radiation sensitivity for narrow-channel NMOS transistors. The radiation-induced threshold shift increases rapidly as the channel width decreased below 4 μm. For example, with 4.5 μm channel lengths the radiation sensitivity for 0.8 μm wide FETs is twice that for 5 μm wide devices. This geometry dependence can be explained qualitatively by two-dimensional potential calculations. These calculations show the fringing field influence on threshold voltage is reduced after radiation, leading to a larger total shift for the narrow channel devices.
Characterization of glow‐discharge–treated cellulose acetate membrane surfaces for single‐layer enzyme electrode studies (2001)

Abstract Cellulose acetate membranes (CA) were modified by means of plasma polymerization of ethylene diamine (EDA) and n ‐butylamine ( n ‐BA). The motivation for this work was the application of a modified membrane for the single‐layer enzyme electrode. A tubular reactor with the external radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) excitation was used. Surface modification was performed at 5, 10, and 15 W power (at 27 Pa working pressure) for 5, 10, 15 min. Modified surfaces were characterized in detail by FTIR–ATR, XPS (ESCA), contact angle, and enzyme immobilization activity. The best treatment results were obtained for EDA with 5 W and 30 min and 15 W and 10 min. These results are discussed using surface analysis data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1341–1352, 2001
Microtumor growth initiates angiogenic sprouting with simultaneous expression of VEGF, VEGF receptor-2, and angiopoietin-2 (2002)

Tumors have been thought to initiate as avascular aggregates of malignant cells that only later induce vascularization. Recently, this classic concept of tumor angiogenesis has been challenged by the suggestion that tumor cells grow by co-opting preexisting host vessels and thus initiate as well-vascularized tumors without triggering angiogenesis. To discriminate between these two mechanisms, we have used intravital epifluorescence microscopy and multi-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy to visualize C6 microglioma vascularization and tumor cell behavior. To address the mechanisms underlying tumor initiation, we assessed the expression of VEGF, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), as well as endothelial cell proliferation. We show that multicellular aggregates (<< 1 mm3) initiate vascular growth by angiogenic sprouting via the simultaneous expression of VEGFR-2 and Ang-2 by host and tumor endothelium. Host blood vessels are not co-opted by tumor cells but rather are used as trails for tumor cell invasion of the host tissue. Our data further suggest that the established microvasculature of growing tumors is characterized by a continuous vascular remodeling, putatively mediated by the expression of VEGF and Ang-2. The results of this study suggest a new concept of vascular tumor initiation that may have important implications for the clinical application of antiangiogenic strategies.
Thomas cole: a case study of the painter-poet theory of art in American painting from 1825-1850 (1970)

This dissertation is a study of the art and thought of the nineteenth century American painter, Thomas Cole (1801-1848).
Oncology: Oncological scintigraphy in dogs with<sup>99m</sup>Technetium MIBI and DMSA(V) ‐ two case reports (2001)

Oncological scintigraphy is described in two dogs with malignant lymphoma and malignant schwannoma, respectively. The distribution of the radiopharmaceuticals could be visualized for the purpose of detection of neoplasia and eventual metastases, and to evaluate the effectivity of therapy. It is concluded that 99mTechnetium MIBI and 99mTc DMSA (V) scintigraphy is useful for the detection of soft tissue malignancy in dogs.
Superconductivity and magnetic susceptibility studies of the cubic Laves phase alloys CeRu2 - xCox (1971)

Measurements of the room temperature lattice parameter, the superconducting transition temperature and the magnetic susceptibility over the temperature range 1.5 to 300 K have been made on the pseudo-binary alloy system CeRu2-xCox. Tc is depressed from the values for the terminal compounds and superconductivity could not be detected above similar 0.33 K for 0.2 < x < 1.7. From the form of the variation of Tc with Co substitution and the susceptibility measurements it is concluded that the destruction of the superconductivity in CeRu2 is due to localized spin fluctuations associated with the Co. The effects of transition metal and rare earth substitution into CeRu2 are compared and discussed.
Myxopyronin: A Punch in the Jaws of Bacterial RNA Polymerase (2009)

Evaluation of: Belogurov GA, Vassylyeva MN, Sevostyanova A et al.: Transcription inactivation through local refolding of the RNA polymerase structure. Nature 457, 332-335 (2008) and, Mukhopadhyay J, Das K, Ismail S et al.: The RNA polymerase 'switch region' is a target for inhibitors. Cell 135, 295-307 (2008). Bacterial RNA polymerase is an essential enzyme, which is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template and is targeted by a number of antibiotics. The mechanism of action of two closely related transcription inhibitors, myxopyronin B and a synthetic analog desmethyl-myxopyronin was elucidated, together with the structures of the antibiotic-RNA polymerase complexes. The studies reveal a new binding site and a new mechanism of action affecting the jaw domain of the enzyme. As the need for new antibiotics increase, these studies open new ways to the synthesis of more potent myxopyronin analogs.
Ozone decomposition and benzene oxidation catalysts based on iron and manganese oxides as industrial wastes from water decontamination by ozone treatment (2009)

Effective ozone decomposition catalysts were created on the basis of iron oxides as side products from natural water treated with ozone at water treatment plants. Iron oxide catalysts doped with manganese oxide are by 40% more active in benzene oxidation. These iron-manganese catalysts can be recommended for industrial manufacture by the designed technologies and application in ozone decomposition and benzene oxidation processes.
Generic Programming Needs Transactional Memory (2013)

Locks are the most widely used synchronization mechanism for threads. It is well-known that naive use of locks can eas-ily lead to program failures through deadlock. Such dead-lock is usually avoided through careful lock ordering. We argue that this approach is incompatible with several increas-ingly important programming practices that rely on libraries invoking (“calling-back”) essentially unknown client code. Template-based generic programming in C++ is probably the most extreme in its use of call-backs, in that often al-most every operator used in a generic function is potentially defined by client code. Template functions are essential to C++. Much of the standard library consists of template functions and classes. We expect the same to be increasingly true for libraries designed for concurrency that support synchronization. We argue that if locks are used for synchronization in such code we have no reliable methodology for avoiding deadlock; we need an alternate synchronization mechanism. We argue that transactional memory can extract us from this predicament. Unlike much of the debate surrounding transactional memory, we do not start with a focus on performance. We argue instead that transactional memory provides a desper-ately needed programmability improvement, which we have learned how to implement with sufficient performance to make it viable. We believe this sheds new light on the bene-fits of, and requirements for, transactional memory.
Analytical Correlations for Modeling the Laminar Flame Speed of Natural Gas Surrogate Mixtures (2017)

Natural gas is increasingly used as an alternative to petroleum fuels in internal combustion engines and industrial power plants because of its smaller environmental effects, as well as for economic reasons. Many applications, such as the spark-ignition engine simulations and the design of burners, require an accurate calculation of its laminar flame speed. Encouraging progress has been made in developing detailed chemical kinetic models for its prediction, but such models are still extremely complex and require significant computational effort. The laminar flame speed is an intrinsic property that is a function of the unburnt mixture composition, temperature, and pressure, therefore it is possible to develop analytical correlations based on experimental measurements, without losing accuracy, and that are more easily implemented in CFD codes than tabulated data. The purpose of this study is to provide a simple, but accurate expression for modeling the laminar flame speed of natural gas as a function of its composition and over a wide range of operating conditions. In particular, a correlation valid for a natural gas ternary surrogate mixture of methane, ethane and propane is proposed. To achieve this aim, correlations for pure methane, as well as for binary methane/ethane and methane/propane mixtures were derived and combined to obtain a formulation suitable for different compositions of natural gas. It must be highlighted that some empirical correlations are already available in the literature, but they are usually based on a limited set of experimental measurements, thus they can fail outside the range in which they have been validated against experiments. In this study, measurements of laminar flame speeds obtained by several research teams are collected, compared, and critically analysed with the aim to develop more accurate empirical correlations. A comparison with available correlations in the literature shows the improvement in accuracy obtainable with the approach proposed in the present work.
Tracking Intersensory Properties of Cosmetic Products via Psycho‐Physiological Assessment (2005)

Intersensory phenomena frequently occur during the subjective assessment of consumer products and are very difficult to measure properly in an objective way. In earlier studies, the objective emotional assessment (OEA) technique based on the evaluation of psycho‐physiological reactions and parameters had proven to be highly suitable for determining emotional consumer response. The aim of the present study was to assess the intersensory effects of color and scent via OEA. The experiment was designed in a way that matched combinations of color and fragrance were compared with apparently mismatched combinations in transparent gels. A special apparatus was constructed for presentation of the various stimuli to the volunteers. Furthermore, the order of stimuli presentation was varied according to a prime‐probe concept. Data analysis was carried out with multivariate statistics, which allowed identification of characteristic discriminant functions for thevarious experimental conditions and interpretation of their practical meaning in a straightforward way. In summary, we found that OEA could be successfully applied to such weak stimuli as color and scent and there was a good differentiation of matched and mismatched combinations with respect to their activation and emotional effect on volunteers. A very subtle separation of stimuli was achieved, which allows deep insight into the mutual interdependency of color and scent.