gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation-induction techniques for estimating quantiles in simulation experiments (1995)

To estimate selected quantiles of the response of a finite-horizon simulation, we develop statistical methods based on correlation-induction techniques for variance reduction, with emphasis on antithetic variates and Latin hypercube sampling. The proposed multiple-sample quantile estimator is the average of negatively correlated quantile estimators computed from disjoint samples of the response, where negative correlation is induced between corresponding responses in different samples while mutual independence of responses is maintained within each sample. The proposed single-sample quantile estimator is computed from negatively correlated responses within one overall sample. We establish a central limit theorem for the single-sample estimator based on Latin hypercube sampling, showing that asymptotically this estimator is unbiased and has smaller variance than the comparable direct-simulation estimator based on independent replications. We also show that if the response is monotone in the simulation's random-number inputs and if the response satisfies some other regularity conditions, then asymptotically the multiple-sample estimator is unbiased and has smaller mean square error than the direct-simulation estimator.
Healing Response of Rat pulp Treated with an Injectable Keratin Hydrogel (2017)

The findings of this study indicate that keratins can be developed as a biomaterial source for alternate biological treatment options for pulp therapies.
A modified HPLC technique for simultaneous measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid, platelet and plasma (1990)

A sensitive, reliable and simplified HPLC assay for simultaneous measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), platelets and plasma is described. Perchloric acid is used for one step precipitation of proteins and extraction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA. Precision of the assay has been increased by calibration of the instrument using serotonin-free plasma spiked with known amount of standards and N-w-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine as internal standard. Integration of the peaks and calculations are achieved by a preprogrammed data module using ratio method. As little as 20 pg/ml of serotonin in the deproteinated sample can be detected using this procedure. In a group of surgical patients, plasma 5-HT concentration is (Mean +/- S D) 3.4 +/- 2.7 ng/ml and that of platelet 748.3 +/- 448.3 ng/10(9) platelets. In CSF, 5-HT is found to be 3.3 +/- 3.4 ng/ml and 5-HIAA is 15.1 +/- 7.3 ng/ml. A good correlation (r = 0.648, p less than .0001) is observed between 5-HT and 5-HIAA in CSF.
Economic design of saturating reactor magnetic pulsers (1955)

SATURABLE reactors have been widely applied in the electric control art. A less well-known use is in pulse-shaping or pulse-switching circuits, examples of which are to be found in ignitron trigger circuits and in modulators for high-power oscillators in radar transmitters. In the latter instance, circuits may become quite complex and there has been a need for criteria which will result in a simple design procedure. In this paper some useful relations applicable to this problem are described.
Study on treatment of wastewater from cold mill by poly ferric chloride (2010)

The wastewater from cold mill contains various pollutants so that it is regarded as a complex wastewater difficult to treat.Poly ferric chloride was prepared by oxidation of cold rolling acid waste at room temperature and applied in treating the wastewater from cold mill.The results showed that the coagulation effect was good resulting in removal of COD and suspended solid,and the sludge dewatering performance was improved.To treat 500 mL wastewater,the process conditions is: 1.5～2.0 mL poly ferric chloride,0.12～0.25 mL PAM,pH between 7～8 and 30 min precipitation time.The method was put into practice and is worthy of popularization to cut down pollution.
Fate determination in mesenchymal stem cells: a perspective from histone-modifying enzymes (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for therapeutic use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. A detailed understanding of the molecular processes governing MSC fate determination will be instrumental in the application of MSCs. Much progress has been made in recent years in defining the epigenetic events that control the differentiation of MSCs into different lineages. A complex network of transcription factors and histone modifiers, in concert with specific transcriptional co-activators and co-repressors, activates or represses MSC differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent progress in determining the effects of histone-modifying enzymes on the multilineage differentiation of MSCs. In addition, we propose that the manipulation of histone signatures associated with lineage-specific differentiation by small molecules has immense potential for the advancement of MSC-based regenerative medicine.
Soft Tissue Contouring with Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts (1998)

Introduction: Acellular dermal grafts have been used extensively in the treatment of burn patients to replace lost dermis in combination with an overlying thin-skin graft. This study reports on the use of acellular dermal matrix grafts (AlloDerm) for soft tissue contouring of the face. Placement of grafts subcutaneously has resulted in successful enhancement of facial areas such as lips, forehead, tear trough deformity, acne, depressed scars, and nasolabial folds. Materials and Methods: Acellular dermal matrix grafts with biocompatible properties have been used in the treatment of burns, in plastic/reconstructive procedures, and in periodontal surgeries (AlloDerm acellular dermal graft, LifeCell Corporation, The Woodlands, Texas). AlloDerm is processed from donated skin procured by skin and tissue banks in the United States that comply with standards set forth by the Food and Drug Administration and the American Association of Tissue Banks. All donated materials are thoroughly screened serologically via culture for fast-growing microbes; donors are screened serologically for human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2); human lymphotrophic virus 1 (HTLV 1); hepatitis A, B, and C; and syphilis. Eighty-five procedures using the acellular dermal graft were performed on 39 patients with follow-up from 9 to 18 months. Patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease were excluded from receiving the graft. Conclusions: The study patients reported on here exhibited unique postoperative courses with this biological implant, these courses were characterized by initial swelling and contraction and then by either expansion and augmentation or else resorption. Short- and long-term postoperative observations are described, with a focus on the methods used to achieve optimal graft results. Acellular dermal matrix grafts make an excellent soft-tisue augmentation material. The process of tissue integration or remodeling of the matrix using the patients's own tissue makes this a very exciting implant.
Notes. Biofouling control with ferrate(VI) (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes. Biofouling control with ferrate(VI)Joanne. Fagan and Thomas D. WaiteCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 2, 123–125Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00108a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es00108a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Knowledge-Based Systems for Enterprise Decision Support and Systems Analysis (2006)

This keynote paper explores the use of real-time knowledge-based systems (RTKBSs) for enterprise decision support as well as for systems specification and analysis. Knowledge-based systems for monitoring and decision-making in a real-time environment must meet stringent response time and logical correctness requirements. Modern enterprise information systems are requiring shorter response time and greater reliability for businesses to stay competitive. The critical nature of such decision-making systems requires that they undergo rigorous and formal analysis prior to their deployment. This paper describes how knowledge-based systems for decision support are formally analyzed. It also shows how the requirements and operations of enterprise systems can actually be modeled as a rulebase which can then be formally analyzed.
Reaction of phenyl isocyanate with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of phenyl isocyanate with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinoneReinhard Richter and Henri UlrichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 15, 2614–2617Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00955a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00955a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Pho regulon: a huge regulatory network in bacteria (2015)

One of the most important achievements of bacteria is its capability to adapt to the changing conditions of the environment. The competition for nutrients with other microorganisms, especially in the soil, where nutritional conditions are more variable, has led bacteria to evolve a plethora of mechanisms to rapidly fine-tune the requirements of the cell. One of the essential nutrients that are normally found in low concentrations in nature is inorganic phosphate (Pi). Bacteria, as well as other organisms, have developed several systems to cope for the scarcity of this nutrient. To date, the unique mechanism responding to Pi starvation known in detail is the Pho regulon, which is normally controlled by a two component system and constitutes one of the most sensible and efficient regulatory mechanisms in bacteria. Many new members of the Pho regulon have emerged in the last years in several bacteria; however, there are still many unknown questions regarding the activation and function of the whole system. This review describes the most important findings of the last three decades in relation to Pi regulation in bacteria, including: the PHO box, the Pi signaling pathway and the Pi starvation response. The role of the Pho regulon in nutritional regulation cross-talk, secondary metabolite production, and pathogenesis is discussed in detail.
Chitosan nanoparticles loaded antibiotics as drug delivery biomaterial (2015)

Herein we describe the preparation, characterization and utilization of chitosan nanoparticles for the intracellular delivery of the poorly cell-penetrating antibiotic e.g. Ciprofloxacin, Chlortetracycline hydrochloride and Gentamycin sulfate to improve their treatment of bacterial infections. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via the ionic gelation of chitosan with tri polyphosphate anions. Several parameters were studied to optimize the particle size of chitosan nanoparticles, here we select the concentration of chitosan and the concentrations of sodium tri poly phosphate (TPP) as optimizing parameters and the other factors stay constant such as pH of solution and ultrasonication time. Chitosan nanoparticles formed characterized by using FT-IR and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and its loaded antibiotics kill and inhibits the growth of gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria tested due to nanoparticles structures, and the antibacterial activity increased with increasing the anti biotic content.
Transient DC Bias and Current Impact Effects of High-Frequency-Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter in Practice (2015)

This paper presents the transient dc bias and the current impact effects of a high-frequency-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBDC) in practice because the theoretical premise in the steady process cannot be satisfied strictly in the transient process. The transient characterizations of IBDC under the steady phase-shift (SPS) strategy are analyzed comprehensively, and the corresponding model is modified for all of the transient processes in the same and different power flows. Due to the existence of the dc bias, the current model in the transient process is different from the traditional model in the steady process, and the models are different with different operating conditions. On this basis, a transient phase-shift (TPS) strategy is proposed to improve the transient performance of the SPS strategy. Unlike in the SPS strategy, the voltages of the transformer are symmetrical in the TPS strategy, which causes that the voltage-time product of the transformer voltages is zero during a switching period, then eliminates the transient dc bias and improves the current impact, and further increases the response speed of the transient process effectively. Finally, comprehensive experiments verify the theoretical analysis.
Highly redundant management of distributed data (2002)

An algorithm for redundant management of distributed data using a minimal amount of data replication is described and analyzed. The main results on storage space utilization, I/O (input/output) performance, and reliability are outlined. The recently introduced RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) concept is extended to a distributed computing system. The resulting distributed storage architecture, called RADD (redundant array of distributed disks), is shown to support redundant copies of data across a computer network at the same space cost as RAIDs do for local data. Thus, a RADD increases data availability in the presence of both temporary and permanent failures (disasters) at local sites. During normal operation, the RADD scheme offers performance comparable to the two-copies systems. As such, RADDs should be considered a possible alternative to traditional multiple-copy techniques as well as to other high-availability schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
General acid–base catalysis in the reversible disproportionation reaction of N-chlorotaurine (2000)

Third-order rate constants for the general base-catalysed reaction between N-chlorotaurine and its protonated form, kBT (M−2 s−1), and for general acid catalysis of the reverse process, kBH+T (M−2 s−1), have been determined in aqueous solution at 25 °C and I = 0.5 M (NaClO4). The slopes for the Brønsted correlations for the forward and the reverse reactions give β = 0.55 and α = 0.48, respectively. These results suggest that a proton transfer is involved in the rate determining step of the reaction. The high acidity of protonated N,N-dichlorotaurine in aqueous solution rules out the possibility of a stepwise mechanism involving this species as an intermediate. We propose that disproportionation of N-chlorotaurine takes place by a concerted process, where proton and chlorine transfer occur simultaneously in the transition state. This mechanism differs from that found for the transfer of chlorine from a chloramine to an amine.
Basic Design Considerations for Backplanes (2001)

This application report describes design issues relevant to the parallel backplanes typically used in the wireless, datacom, telecom, and networking markets. Designing a high-performance backplane is extremely complex, because issues such as distributed capacitance, stub lengths, noise margin, rise time (slew rate), flight time, and propagation delay must be defined and optimized to achieve good signal integrity along the transmission line. This application report uses a GTLP backplane driver to study the effects of these factors in an actual backplane application. Guidelines that enable the design engineer to successfully design a high-performance backplane with GTLP or other single-ended open-drain devices, such as BTL, are provided. This application report is a revision of the original Basic Design Considerations for Backplanes, literature number SZZA016, published June 1999. The theory text was rewritten to make it clearer, and the theory-to-practice section was added, based on work done with
Nature of Luminescent Centers in Alkali Halide and Zinc Sulfide Phosphors* (1957)

The present state of understanding of the luminescent centers in alkali halide and zinc sulfide phosphors is reviewed. These two classes of phosphors complement each other: the first is ionic; the second, primarily covalent. The energy levels of the luminescent centers in alkali halides are approximated by states of the free impurity ion perturbed by crystalline interactions, whereas the levels of luminescent centers in zinc sulfide phosphors are suitably approximated by states of the crystal band structure perturbed by impurities. The theory of the excitation and emission spectra of thallium-activated potassium chloride is reviewed and extended to the problem of oscillator strengths for luminescent transitions. Semiconductor theory is applied to zinc sulfide phosphors, and the acceptor and donor nature of activator and coactivator, respectively, is thereby revealed. In contrast to semiconductors with small band gaps, association of acceptors and donors is shown to be important in transparent semiconductors. The energy level structure and optical properties of various associated acceptor-donor pairs, as well as of isolated impurities, in zinc sulfide are discussed.
Jato: a compact binary file format for Java class (2002)

Java has been a very important programming language, especially with its cross-platform characteristics, but the CLASS file format defined in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) specification contains many redundancies and replications of information. These redundancies most come from the "constant pool" of a CLASS file. We propose a compact binary file format, called Jato, and its associated archive format, called Jatar, for the Java system. Using these two formats, many of the redundancies can be removed. We didn't utilize any text compression technique in the proposed formats, so they do not sacrifice the loading speed and are thus very suitable for use in embedded environments. We've also implemented a class loader that is capable of loading the Jato files into a regular JVM. Using this approach, we show that the Jato file format is effective and promising, while still keeping the cross-platform features of Java.
Non-Destructive Testing of Thermal Resistances for a Single Inclusion in a 2-Dimensional Domain (2004)

In this paper we examine the inverse problem of determining the amount of corrosion/disbonding which has occurred on the boundary of a single circular (or nearly circular) inclusion D in a two-dimensional domain Ω, using Cauchy data for the steady-state heat equation. We develop an algorithm for reconstructing a function which quantifies the level of corrosion/disbonding at each point on ∂D. We also address the issue of ill-posedness and develop a simple regularization scheme, then provide several numerical examples. We also show a simple procedure for recovering the center of D assuming that Ω and D have the same thermal conductivity.
Neuro-Beh^|^ccedil;et disease and neuro-Sweet disease (2012)

Behçet disease and Sweet disease are multisystem inflammatory disorders involving mucocutaneous tissue as well as nervous system (neuro-Behçet disease and neuro-Sweet disease). Pathological findings in the encephalitis are chiefly perivascular cuffing of small venules by neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and macrphages. Destruction of the brain substrates is mild in neuro-Sweet disease compared with that of neuro-Behçet disease, especially that of chronic progressive subtype. HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-B51 is frequently positive in neuro-Behçet disease, and the frequencies of HLA-B54 and Cw1 in neuro-Sweet disease are significantly higher than not only those in Japanese normal controls but also those in patients with these diseases without nervous complications. These HLA types are considered as risk factors which are directly associated with the etiology of these diseases. Prednisolone is usually used for the treatment of acute phase of both diseases. Methotrexate and infliximab are administered to patients with the chronic progressive type of neuro-Behçet disease. Colchicine and dapsone are prescribed to prednisolone-dependent recurrent cases of neuro-Sweet disease.
Modulated-bath ac calorimetry using modified commercial Peltier elements (2005)

We developed a type of ac microcalorimeter based on a modulated-bath technique for measuring the specific heat of small microgram samples in the temperature range from 30 to 300 K, and tested it in magnetic fields up to 14 T. The device is built from a modified commercial Peltier element. The temperature of its top plate can be modulated periodically by the Peltier effect, so that the oscillation is symmetrical about the temperature of the main bath. This avoids the problem of dc offsets which plague conventional ac calorimeters. The sample is attached to a thin thermocouple cross, acting as a weak thermal link to a platform. The absence of a heater reduces the background heat capacity (“addenda”) to a minimum. As an illustrative example of the performance of our device, the specific heat in fields up to 14 T of a small single crystal of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2.12Sr1.71Ca1.22Cu1.95Oy is determined.