gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atypical Multibacterial Granulomatous Myositis in a Horse: First Report in Italy (2020)

Infectious causes of myositis are reported relatively uncommonly in horses. Among them, bacterial causes include <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subsp. <i>zooepidemicus</i>, <i>Actinobacillus equuli</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i> spp. <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp, and <i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</i>. Infection can be spread to muscles via haematogenous or extension from skin lesions. Parasitic myositis has also been documented. In this report, a 12 year-old Italian Quarter Horse mare presented with diffuse subcutaneous nodules and masses ranging from 2 × 3 to 5 × 20 cm in size, and adherent to subcutis and muscles that were first macroscopically and cytologically diagnosed as pyogranulomas. Subsequently, histological, molecular, bacteriological, and biochemical investigations were performed. All the data obtained allowed to diagnose a severe and diffuse multibacterial granulomatous myositis caused by <i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</i> and <i>Corynebacterium amycolatum</i>. Following the therapy and an initial disappearance of most of the lesions together with a general improvement of the mare, the clinical condition deteriorated, and new nodules appeared. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and PCR techniques revealed the presence of bacteria as <i>Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus</i> and <i>Dietzia</i> spp. To the authors' knowledge, this case report represents the first description of multibacterial granulomatous myositis due to <i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</i>, <i>Corynebacterium amycolatum</i>, <i>Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus</i>, and <i>Dietzia</i> spp. in a horse reared in Italy.
Peroneal Nerve (1990)

The common peroneal nerve is derived from vertebral levels L4, L5, S1, and S2. Contributions from L3 and/or S3 are not uncommon. The nerve follows the biceps femoris tendon along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa, and gives off superior and inferior articular branches to the knee joint, as well as a recurrent articular nerve. The latter nerve has a rather complex course. After leaving the common peroneal in the popliteal fossa, the recurrent branch runs at first distally and then medially to pass over the fibular neck. From this point, it courses distally and medially to penetrate the tibialis anterior muscle, and then curves upwards to terminate in the knee joint, as well as sending branches to the proximal tibio-fibular joint.
[Unstable carotid plaque: biochemical and cellular marker of vulnerability]. (2003)

Stroke is the second most common cause of death in developed countries. Carotid plaque disruption and distal embolization of atheromatous debris are the most common pathogenic mechanisms for cerebral ischemia from carotid atherosclerotic disease. Morphologic composition of the atherosclerotic plaque, rather than the stenotic severity, appears to be central in determining the risk of both plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis. Histologic features of vulnerable plaques include a large lipid core, a thin fibrous cap, intraplaque hemorrhage, and an increased number of inflammatory cells, mostly monocyte-macrophages. Due to the catastrophic implications of thrombus formation and embolization on the arterial plaque, detection before major neurologic events occur is now a major goal of cardiovascular clinicians and researchers. New detection imaging techniques such as intravascular thermography, optical coherence tomography, photonic spectroscopy, and elastography have been developed in order to document atherosclerotic lesion composition. This review will focus on the new possibilities under investigation for vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid plaque detection by means of the serologic markers of plaque instability. New markers, such as pregnancy-associated protein A, P-selectin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12, metalloproteinases, lipoprotein(a), and oxidation products have been reviewed. Most of the promising serologic markers in this article are still in a nascent phase of development and remain to be validated in clinical settings. However, these biohumoral markers, and their potential combination of techniques, may hold promise for the future characterization of the vulnerable plaque and moreover of the vulnerable patient.
Electrochemical structuring of mechanically activated n‐InP(100) surfaces (2005)

Localized pore formation on n-InP(100) surfaces under anodic polarization in 1M HCl were created and controlled by a two steps approach. First, scratches in the nanometer scale have been applied mechanically, using a Nano-Indenter. These scratches represent activated sites for pore growth due to their lowered electrochemical pore formation potential (Ubd,activated), which is significantly cathodic to the formation potential on intact surfaces Ubd (Ubd,intact). Thus, a potential window can be defined between Ubd,activated and Ubd,intact, where anodic polarization in 1M HCl leads to selective pore formation follows, at a potential that is inside those window. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy shows that pore formation occurs only at the activated sites. Furthermore, both broadening and morphology of the pores depend strongly on the force load during the scratching process. Analysis of the scratched surface has been carried out before and after etching, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results clearly show that the porous region is significantly wider than the originally scratched region – this can be ascribed to dislocation formation in the vicinity of the scratch. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heavy‐atom effects associated with methylmercury (II) binding to rabbit glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (1980)

Abstract The complex of CH 3 Hg(II) with the accessible cysteines of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD, EC 1.2.1.12) from rabbit muscle has been studied by phosphorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The wavelength dependence of the phosphorescence decay kinetics has also been measured. Comparison of CH 3 Hg(II)–GAPD with GAPD by these methods shows that a specific optically resolved tryptophan site of GAPD is perturbed by the interaction with a nearby mercury atom. The perturbation on the luminescence and ODMR properties is typical of an external heavy‐atom effect. Based on the x‐ray diffraction structure of the lobster enzyme, it is proposed that the heavy‐atom effect results from the interaction of tryptophan‐310 with CH 3 Hg(II) bound to cysteine‐281 in the rabbit muscle enzyme.
Finite element analysis on the relationship between left ventricular pump function and fiber structure within the wall (2003)

Key Words：Biomec加
The Microscopical Identification of Malted Milk and its Flavored Products (1929)

Journal Article The Microscopical Identification of Malted Milk and its Flavored Products Get access F Hillig, F Hillig Food Control Laboratory, Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B G Hartmann B G Hartmann Food Control Laboratory, Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 12, Issue 2, 15 May 1929, Pages 238–240, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/12.2.238 Published: 24 February 2020
Effect of dose and uremia on plasma and urine profiles of propranolol metabolites (1980)

The relationship between plasma levels of 4 propranolol metabolites--naphthoxylactic acid (NLA), 4-hydroxypropranolol (4-OH), naphthoxyacetic acid (NAA), and propranolol glycol (PG)--and propranolol plasma levels was determined in healthy, adult male subjects after increasing single oral doses of propranolol. NLA was present at plasma levels 6 to 25 times that of propranolol. More than 90% of circulating NLA was in the plasma fraction, where it was 95% protein bound. The ratio of plasma concentrations of the pharmacologically active metabolite 4-OH to propranolol approached unity 0.5 hr after propranolol, 160 mg or 320 mg orally, but fell rapidly. Plasma levels of NAA were in the same range as propranolol, especially as time progressed. PG circulated at plasma levels less than 12% of propranolol. As oral doses of propranolol were increased from 20 to 320 mg, there was a decrease in intrinsic plasma clearance (Cli) from 425 to 200 1/hr. Half-life rose from 3 to 5 hr. Urinary recovery of 4-OH fell as Cli rose. Urinary recovery of propranolol conjugates, NLA, and N-desisopropylpropranolol (NDIPP) rose as Cli fell. Our results suggest that naphthalene ring oxidation of propranolol represents a high-affinity low-capacity enzymatic pathway(s) that plays an important role in the extensive hepatic extraction of propranolol after small doses orally. Plasma NLA and plasma NAA were determined before and after hemodialysis in 14 uremic patients receiving long-term propranolol therapy. Mean plasma NLA was 4.372 ng/ml, and mean plasma NAA level was 238 ng/ml when mean plasma propranolol level was 15 ng/ml.
12. Fleet Management (2005)

12.1 Introduction The fleet management problem, in its simplest form, involves managing fleets of equipment to meet customer requests as they evolve over time. The equipment might be containers which hold freight (ocean containers, truck trailers, boxcars), equipment such as locomotives, truck tractors, taxicabs, or business jets (companies in the fractional jet ownership business may own up to 1,000 jets). The equipment has to serve customers (people or freight) who typically want to move from one location to the next. We make the assumption throughout that a piece of equipment can serve one request at a time. One of the challenges of fleet management is that customer requests arrive randomly over time, often requiring service within a narrow interval. Since it can take from several days to more than a week to move transportation equipment over long distances, it is not possible to wait until a customer request is known before moving the equipment. As a result, it is necessary to move equipment to serve demands before they are known. In actual applications, there are other sources of randomness, such as transit times and equipment failures. Fleet management problems in practice are quite rich, and it is helpful to focus on a particular application to provide a motivating context. In this chapter we use the classic problem of car distribution in railroads. The problem of optimizing the flows of empty freight cars for railroads is typically formulated as a textbook transportation problem. There are supplies of empty cars and customers placing orders for these cars.
Stimulation of Mouse Macrophage Antigen Presentan by Cocaine (1999)

Cocaine has been demonstrated to have multiple effects on the immune system. Here, we determined the effects of cocaine on macrophage antigen presentation, using an in vitro antigen presentation assay after macrophages were treated with cocaine both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that in vitro treatment of macrophages with cocaine significantly enhanced macrophage's ability to present ovalbumin (OVA) and the enhancement was also demonstrated in the macrophages of cocaine-injected mice. The presentation of an OVA-derived antigenic peptide (OVA323-339), however, was not affected. In vitro cocaine treatment neither affected antigen uptake nor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II expression and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules B7. These results suggest that cocaine may act on an early event in the antigen handling by accessory cells.
Dedifferentiation in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor to an Anaplastic KIT-negative Phenotype (2013)

Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) can be recognized by their monotonous cytologic features and overexpression of KIT oncoprotein. Altered morphology and loss of CD117 reactivity has been described previously after chronic imatinib treatment; however, this phenomenon has not been reported in imatinib-naive tumors. Eight patients with abrupt transition from a classic CD117-positive spindle cell GIST to an anaplastic CD117-negative tumor were investigated for underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor progression. Pathologic and molecular analysis was performed on each of the 2 components. Genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction for KIT, PDGFRA, BRAF, and KRAS hot spot mutations and fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting KIT gene copy number alterations were performed. TP53 mutational analysis was performed in 5 cases. There were 7 men and 1 woman, with an age range of 23 to 65 years. Five of the primary tumors were located in the stomach, and 1 case each originated in the small bowel, colon, and rectum. In 3 patients, the dedifferentiated component occurred in the setting of imatinib resistance, whereas the remaining 5 occurred de novo. The dedifferentiated component had an anaplastic appearance, including 1 angiosarcomatous phenotype, with high mitotic activity and necrosis, and showed complete loss of CD117 (8/8) and CD34 (5/8) expression and de novo expression of either cytokeratin (4/8) or desmin (1/8). There was no difference in the KIT genotype between the 2 components. However, 2 imatinib-resistant tumors showed coexistence of KIT exon 11 and exon 13 mutations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed loss of 1 KIT gene in 3 cases and low-level amplification of KIT in 2 other cases in the CD117-negative component, compared with the CD117-positive area. TP53 mutation was identified in 1/5 cases tested, being present in both components. In summary, dedifferentiation in GIST may occur either de novo or after chronic imatinib exposure and can represent a diagnostic pitfall. This phenomenon is not related to additional KIT mutations, but might be secondary to genetic instability, either represented by loss of heterozygosity or low level of KIT amplification.
Functional Interaction Between Charged Nanoparticles and Cardiac Tissue: A New Paradigm for Cardiac Arrhythmia? (2012)

The utilization of charged nanoparticles is a novel concept for targeting cardiac excitability. However, this unique nanoscopic investigation reveals an altered electrophysiological substrate, which sensitized the heart cells towards arrhythmias.
Ferritin, a Hodgkin's Disease Associated Antigen (1974)

Antigens which exist in high frequency in tumor tissues of patients with Hodgkin's disease have been obtained in relatively concentrated form by gel chromatography procedures. Further purification and analysis of these antigens performed in the present study have demonstrated that the antigen of fast electrophoretic mobility (F-antigen) is normal tissue ferritin. The identification of F-antigen as ferritin has been made on the basis of comparative physicochemical and immunological analyses of purified F-antigen and normal ferritin. Thus, F-antigen was found to contain iron and to be similar to ferritin in molecular weight, amino-acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric distribution, and immunological reactivity. Absorption of a monospecific heterologous anti-F antiserum with normal tissue ferritin completely removed all anti-F antibody activity. Moreover, the absorption of polyspecific heterologous antiserum to crude Hodgkin's extracts, which contains antibodies reacting with F-antigen, the slower migrating S-antigen, and a third specificity present in lysates of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PL-antigen), with ferritin, removed only anti-F activity, thus distinguishing the S- and PL-antigens from ferritin. The existence of ferritin in high quantities in serum of Hodgkin's disease patients may provide a tool of potential diagnostic and prognostic importance in the management of this disease.
<sup>15</sup>N nmr spectroscopy. I. Polysarcosine and related sequence polypeptides (1977)

Abstract The natural abundance 15 N nmr spectra of linear polysarcosine ( DP = 35) has been recorded in Me 2 SO and H 2 O solution. Because of cis / trans isomerization at the peptide bond, a broad signal with several splittings was observed. These splittings appear to reflect the influence of three peptide bonds on a single N atom. The 15 N signals from the sequence polypeptides (β‐Ala‐Sar‐Gly) n and (β‐Ala‐Sar‐ D , L ‐Ala) n also show a cis / trans splitting, as well as chemical shifts which are dependent on the peptide sequence. The tertiary nitrogen of the sarcosyl residue has a T 1 relaxation time which is longer than the T 1 for secondary nitrogens of the other amino acids. The nuclear Overhauser effect is also discussed.
Crustal   in South Korea Using the Source Pair/Receiver Pair Method (2005)

![Graphic][1] has been studied extensively because its regional variations reflect geological structure: values around 1 Hz show close correlation with tectonic seismicity. We analyze ![Graphic][2] in South Korea by applying the source pair/receiver pair (sprp) method to 39 Korean earthquakes and 32 far-regional earthquakes. We obtain nearly 1500 source-receiver pairs with the combined difference of epicentral distance, D , ranging from 16 to 657 km. Seismograms are filtered by using an eight-pole bandpass Butterworth filter with five-center frequencies. 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 Hz. The obtained ![Graphic][3] for all frequencies are less than 0.002, which is a reasonable value for a seismically inactive region. In spite of the short range of D , the results of the sprp method show reliable values, especially at 1.5 and 3 Hz.

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Text comprehension, memory, and learning. (1994)

People are often able to reproduce a text quite well but are unable to use the information in the text for other purposes. Factors that help people to reproduce a text have been studied for some time. This article explores ways that enable people to learn from texts. Content overlap between a text and the reader's prior knowledge is identified as one factor, and methods are proposed to identify whether a text is suitable for readers with given background knowledge. For readers with low background knowledge, a text should be as coherent and explicit as possible to facilitate learning. However, data are presented to show that for readers with adequate background knowledge, texts with coherence gaps that stimulate constructive activities are in fact better for learning.
Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations (2010)

Abstract. This review is based on ca. 250 publications, from which 92 published data on the temporal and spatial variation of the concentration of small ions (<1.6 nm in diameter) in the atmosphere, chemical composition, or formation and growth rates of sub-3 nm ions. The small ions exist all the time in the atmosphere, and the average concentrations of positive and negative small ions are typically 200–2500 cm−3. However, concentrations up to 5000 cm−3 have been observed. The results are in agreement with observations of ion production rates in the atmosphere. Concentrations of small ions increased in the early morning hours due to night time inversion, which leads to accumulation of radon. We also summarised observations on the conversion of small ions to intermediate ions, which can act as embryos for new atmospheric aerosol particles. Those observations include the formation rates (J2[ion]) of 2-nm intermediate ions, growth rates (GR[ion]) of sub-3 nm ions, and information on the chemical composition of the ions. Unfortunately, there were only a few studies which presented J2[ion] and GR[ion]. Based on the publications, the formation rates of 2-nm ions were 0–1.1 cm−3 s−1, while the total 2-nm particle formation rates varied between 0.001 and 60 cm−3 s−1. The ion-mediated processes were observed to dominate when the total particle formation rates were small, and, accordingly the importance of ion-induced mechanisms decreased with increasing total 2-nm particle formation rates. Furthermore, small ions were observed to activate for growth earlier than neutral nanometer-sized particles and at lower saturation ratio of condensing vapours.
Development of a robotic haptic interface to perform vocational tasks by people with disabilities (2001)

This document describes an approach using robotic principles to develop a form of assistive technology that augments the performance of individuals with disabilities. The research conducted is expected to enhance the physical capabilities, through the use of an intelligent robotic haptic interface, in order to enhance performance related to a wide range of job-related tasks for individuals with disabilities. The enhancement in performance will increase employment opportunities. The technology will be utilized for training purposes. 
Specific tasks such as approaching an object and moving it from one location to another via Teleoperation were chosen as preliminary experiments to demonstrate the implementation of the haptic interface. A study on the characterization of the tremorous inputs coming from a person with disabilities was performed and a digital signal processing approach was used to design an appropriate filter. Three manual dexterity assesment tests, commonly used in the occupational therapy field, were chosen to implement the several forms of assistance functions that were designed to augment human performance. The testbed used for these tasks consisted of a six-degree-of-freedom force-reflecting haptic interface device, PHANTOM with the GHOST SDK Software. 
A separate analysis of the kinematics of a redundant seven degrees-of-freedom manipulator from the Robotics Research Corporation (RRC) was performed to simulate a complete teleoperation system consisting of the haptic device as a Master and the RRC as a slave. In addition, three tasks were chosen to demonstrate the performance of the assistance algorihtms in the real system previously mentioned. 
The research demonstrated that, for the chosen tasks, the forms of assistance provided significantly reduced the execution times and enhanced the performance of the disabled individuals. These results suggest that the introduction of the haptic rendering capabilities, including force feedback, with the assistance algorithms, offers special benefit to motion-impaired users by augmenting their performance on job-related tasks. 
Furthermore, the outcome of this research supports the idea that robotic setups, especially those involving the force feedback capability, can be used to expand the employment opportunities by measuring the responses resulting from training of the individuals, and making appropriate assessments of an individual's capabilities as they relate to specific jobs.