gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efeito agudo do alongamento passivo como forma de aquecimento no desempenho da força muscular para 10 repetições máximas (2014)

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito agudo do alongamento passivo, como forma de aquecimento, antes do treinamento de forca em sala de musculacao em exercicio de leg press 45o para dez repeticoes maximas (10RM), comparando o alongamento com o aquecimento especifico. Doze homens com idade entre 20 e 30 anos com pelo menos seis meses de experiencia continua em exercicios de musculacao participaram do experimento. As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos, o que realizou alongamento (GA) (n=6), e o que fez aquecimento especifico (GE) (n=6) antecedente aos testes. Os participantes foram submetidos aos testes de mensuracao de carga para 10 repeticoes maximas no primeiro dia sem utilizacao de exercicios de aquecimento. Apos 48 a 72 horas, foi feito o reteste onde o GA executou duas series de 20 segundos de alongamentos estaticos em tres diferentes posicoes, ate o limiar de dor. O GE realizou duas series de 15 repeticoes com 50% da carga. Em ambas as situacoes, foram mantidas um intervalo de um minuto antes da execucao do re-teste de 10RM. Encontramos diferenca estatisticamente significativa atraves do teste t de Student (p≤ 0,05) entre os diferentes protocolos de aquecimento utilizados. Houve uma diminuicao da forca para 10 repeticoes maximas em exercicio de leg press 45o (p = 0,013) no GA ( 13,3 %) e aumento (p = 0,021) no GE ( + 16,7%). Conclusao: os exercicios de alongamento no tempo, intensidade e grupos musculares estudados provocam reducao aguda no desempenho da forca. Sugere-se que treinadores utilizem o aquecimento especifico antes de exercicios de forca.
Research and Application of a Method for Constructing Decision Forests (2007)

Decision forest (DF) is an implementation of multiple classifier system, which has been introduced to overcome the flaw of a single decision tree. In this paper, a method named the random subspace method (RSM) for constructing DF is investigated. RSM can keep perfect accuracy on training data while having desirable generalization accuracy. Moreover, its accuracy continues to increase as DF becomes larger, exhibiting a characteristic of overtraining resistant. The underlying theory of this model is presented in this paper. A comparison of three combination methods for this model voting, Bayesian method and neural-network is carried out. The power of voting is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. As for the application of this method, the superiority of RSM is explored and an advice regarding the size of attribute subsets is given.
COMBUSTION: AN OIL SPILL MITIGATION TOOL (1979)

The need for this study was based upon: a) the lack of definitive information available to responsible program managers to decide on the use of combustion as an option and b) the question-what, if any, research should be conducted to optimize the use of this tool for spill mitigation. The scope was designed to evaluate the use of combustion for: in situ in a stricken vessel; oil released upon water; and oil-contaminated debris disposal. The report consists of Part I, which is a practical guide oriented toward the needs of potential users, while Part II is the research or resource document from which the practical guidance was drawn. The study included theoretical evaluations of combustion of petroleum pool fires under the effect of weathering and an oil classification system related to combustion potential. The theoretical analysis of combustion is balanced by practical experience of oil burning and case history information. Decision elements are provided which can be used as a guide for technical evaluations of a particular oil spill situation. The rational for assessing technical feasibility is given in the context of other alternatives available for response to an oil spill. A series of research and technology development concepts are included for future research. The ethics of using oil burning are discussed as issues, concerns, and tradeoffs. A detailed annotated bibliography is appended along with a capsule review of a decade of oil burning studies and other support information.
Investigation of amorphous W60Zr40 film as a diffusion barrier in metallization schemes (1984)

Thermal stability of cosputtered amorphous W60Zr40 films, 110 nm thick on both, Si and SiO2 with various metal overlayers, is investigated by backscattering spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The samples are vacuum-annealed for 30 min between 450 and 900 °C. The crystallization temperature of amorphous W60Zr40 on SiO2 as determined by X-ray diffraction is 900 °C. On Si, the amorphous film begins to react with the substrate at 725 °C and forms a polycrystalline layer of tungsten and zirconium silicide. With an evaporated metal overlayer of Ag, Al, Au, or Ni, the amorphous W-Zr film on a SiO2 substrate interacts with the overlayer between 500 to 600 °C, except for Au which reacts at 400 °C. La stabilité thermique de films W60Zr40 amorphes déposés sur Si et SiO2 et recouverts de différentes couches métalliques a été par rétrodiffusion et diffraction X. Les échantillons ont été recuits sous vide pendant 30 min entre 450 et 900 °C. La température de cristallisation de W60Zr40 amorphe sur SiO2 déterminée par diffraction X est de 900 °C. Sur Si, le film amorphe réagit avec le substrat à 725 °C et forme une couche polycristalline de W et siliciure de Zr. Lorsqu'il est recouvert d'une couche de métal tel que Ag, Al, Au ou Ni, le W-Zr amorphe régit avee le métal entre 500 et 600 °C, excepté l'or qui réagit à 400 °C.
Spatial attention enhances network, cellular and subthreshold responses in mouse visual cortex (2020)

Internal brain states strongly modulate sensory processing during behaviour. Studies of visual processing in primates show that attention to space selectively improves behavioural and neural responses to stimuli at the attended locations. Here we develop a visual spatial task for mice that elicits behavioural improvements consistent with the effects of spatial attention, and simultaneously measure network, cellular, and subthreshold activity in primary visual cortex. During trial-by-trial behavioural improvements, local field potential (LFP) responses to stimuli detected inside the receptive field (RF) strengthen. Moreover, detection inside the RF selectively enhances excitatory and inhibitory neuron responses to task-irrelevant stimuli and suppresses noise correlations and low frequency LFP fluctuations. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings reveal that detection inside the RF increases synaptic activity that depolarizes membrane potential responses at the behaviorally relevant location. Our study establishes that mice display fundamental signatures of visual spatial attention spanning behavioral, network, cellular, and synaptic levels, providing new insight into rapid cognitive enhancement of sensory signals in visual cortex.
[Stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disorders]. (2010)

Intrastriatal, foetal neural transplants can ameliorate symptoms in patients with Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, although not stop the primary cell-loss. Several issues must, however, be addressed before general or extended clinical use of cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases can become a reality. Improvements include standardized and safe master cell-lines derived from human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and neural stem cells. Cells from these sources are expected to become available for cell replacement therapies or therapeutic production of trophic, anti-inflammatory and restorative factors within a few years.
Gastric and pancreatic intrinsic factor-mediated absorption of cobalamin in the dog (1989)

The effects of canine gastric and pancreatic intrinsic factors on uptake and subcellular localization of cobalamin have been investigated in vivo to determine whether these proteins could mediate the physiological absorption of cobalamin in the dog. Cyano [57Co]cobalamin was introduced into ileal loops in dogs under general anesthesia, either free (control) or bound to gastric or pancreatic intrinsic factor. At 2 h, total uptake of cobalamin by ileal mucosa was significantly enhanced after prior binding to either gastric or pancreatic intrinsic factor compared with controls. Displacement of receptor-bound cobalamin with EDTA showed that enhanced total uptake reflected increased internalization of cobalamin by both proteins. Findings after reorienting sucrose density gradient centrifugation of ileal mucosa from loops containing intrinsic factor-cobalamin complexes were consistent with a major lysosomal and perhaps endosomal localization of internalized cobalamin, in agreement with results after oral administration of cobalamin. In marked contrast, cobalamin was recovered predominantly in the soluble fractions and was not associated with particulate subcellular organelles in ileal mucosa from control loops. These findings suggest that both gastric and pancreatic intrinsic factors can promote the physiological absorption of cobalamin by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the dog.
Viterbi Decoding for Satellite and Space Communication (1971)

Convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding, along with binary phase-shift keyed modulation, is presented as an efficient system for reliable communication on power limited satellite and space channels. Performance results, obtained theoretically and through computer simulation, are given for optimum short constraint length codes for a range of code constraint lengths and code rates. System efficiency is compared for hard receiver quantization and 4 and 8 level soft quantization. The effects on performance of varying of certain parameters relevant to decoder complexity and cost is examined. Quantitative performance degradation due to imperfect carrier phase coherence is evaluated and compared to that of an uncoded system. As an example of decoder performance versus complexity, a recently implemented 2-Mbit/s constraint length 7 Viterbi decoder is discussed. Finally a comparison is made between Viterbi and sequential decoding in terms of suitability to various system requirements.
Nanoparticle-based immunoassays in the biomedical field (2012)

Recent research has looked to develop innovative, powerful and novel biofunctionalized nanoparticles, controlling and tailoring their properties in a very predictable manner to meet the needs of clinic immunoassays in the biomedical field. This minireview briefly summarizes recent advances covering the last 3 years, exploiting nanoparticle-based electrochemical, optical, mass-sensitive, colorimetric and immunodipstick assays. The enormous signal enhancement associated with the use of nanoparticles and formation of nanoparticle-antibody-antigen assemblies provide the basis for sensitive detection of disease-related proteins or biomarkers. Rather than being exhaustive, this minireview focuses on selected examples to illustrate novel concepts and promising applications. Finally, a small amount of speculation of possible future developments in nanoparticle-based immunoassays is provided.
Paralinguistic vocal control of interactive media: how untapped elements of voice might enhance the role of non-speech voice input in the user's experience of multimedia. (2007)

Much interactive media development, especially commercial development, implies the dominance of the visual modality, with sound as a limited supporting channel. The development of multimedia technologies such as augmented reality and virtual reality has further revealed a distinct partiality to visual media. Sound, however, and particularly voice, have many aspects which have yet to be adequately investigated. Exploration of these aspects may show that sound can, in some respects, be superior to graphics in creating immersive and expressive interactive experiences. With this in mind, this thesis investigates the use of non-speech voice characteristics as a complementary input mechanism in controlling multimedia applications. It presents a number of projects that employ the paralinguistic elements of voice as input to interactive media including both screen-based and physical systems. These projects are used as a means of exploring the factors that seem likely to affect users' preferences and interaction patterns during non-speech voice control. This exploration forms the basis for an examination of potential roles for paralinguistic voice input. The research includes the conceptual and practical development of the projects and a set of evaluative studies. The work submitted for Ph.D. comprises practical projects (50 percent) and a written dissertation (50 percent). The thesis aims to advance understanding of how voice can be used both on its own and in combination with other input mechanisms in controlling multimedia applications. It offers a step forward in the attempts to integrate the paralinguistic components of voice as a complementary input mode to speech input applications in order to create a synergistic combination that might let the strengths of each mode overcome the weaknesses of the other.
Formation of neutron star spots and its connection with pulsars. 2. Close similarities between radiation from the Sun and pulsars (1973)

Models of neutron star spots for pulsars are discussed on the basis of observational data on the mean pulse profile, polarization, and the time- structure of individual radio pulses. The longitude angle of mean pulse width is nearly constant for all pulsars observed and also many of them have a mean pulse profile with doubled peaks, which suggests the existence of two emitting subregions which could be associated with paired magnetic spots on the surface of the neutron stars. The circular polarization and time-structure of radiation from the Sun and of radiation front pulsars are compared, and it is suggested that pulsar radiation may be due to noise storms'' or consecutive bursts at neutron star spots with a local bipolar magnetic field. Drifting subpulses are speculated to be a result of the revolution of the emitting regions around their common center and an observation is proposed that would confirm this. The slowing-down of pulsars is interpreted in terms of the ejection of diffuse matter from the active spot regions. (auth)
Atherosclerosis and Cerebral Ischemic Attacks: Intakes of Cerebrography With Xenon133 Inhaled and Platelet Tests in the Diagnosis, Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring; The Preventive Role of Dipyridamole (1984)

A study of patients to develop the significance of the role of the blood platelets in the recurrence of transient cerebral ischemic attacks in patients with cerebral atheromatous, develop the effectiveness of dipyridamole in the prophylactic therapeutic regimen. In the group treated with dipyridamole, a 76.3% clinical improvement was recorded (mean increases of 11.2 ml/min. and 11.4 ml/min. of the cerebral hemispheric flows), 15.8% of cases stabilized (mean increases of 1.7 ml/min. and 1.2 ml/min.) and 7.9% failures (mean decreases of 10.4 ml/min. and 14.3 ml/min.) of these same flows. The cerebrography with xenon133 inhaled as well as the platelet tests used, constitute unfailing means of diagnosing and monitoring the clinical development.
Multi-Focus Image Fusion based on WNMF and Focal Point Analysis (2011)

In this paper, a multi-focus image fusion method based on the weighted non-negative matrix factorization and focal point analysis is presented to improve image fusion method based on non-negative matrix factorization. The relationship among the point spread function, the optical system and imaging processing is analyzed in the method, then a weighted matrix U is built by calculating the difference between the original image and the image processed by a Gaussian function. Finally, the weighted non-negative matrix algorithm which is applied to image fusion will make all parts of a new image clear. Experimental results show that this image fusion method obtains better effect than NMF method, LP method and DWT method.
The ambivalent apostrophe (1986)

Punctuation marks like the comma and the question mark are fairly secure in ‘literate’ usage, but one cannot say the same for the apostrophe, whose curious and unstable history and present condition merit some thought.
Neurodynamic approach to odor processing (2002)

A mathematical model is presented to describe odor information processing in the olfactory bulb. The olfactory system shows a remarkable periodic activity, and the concept of 'learning of periodicity' is suggested to be an important element of odor discrimination. It is suggested that a two-level neurodynamic approach considering both single neuron dynamics and synaptic modifiability seems to be a proper framework to explain rhythmic bulbar activity, transitions from different dynamic regimes, and discrimination and learning phenomena. Odor learning is strongly associated with some characteristics of mitral cell activity oscillations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methysergide for Prevention of Headache (1964)

IN 1959 Sicuteri1 first reported the effectiveness of methysergide‡ in the prevention of migraine. Since then several investigators have confirmed his findings,2 3 4 5 the drug has been extensively studied, and has appeared on the American market under the name of Sansert.‡ The mechanism whereby methysergide prevents headache is not yet fully determined. There are a number of current theories. One is that the drug is a powerful serotonin antagonist and may act by neutralizing the effects of serotonin either in the blood vessels and tissues or in the central nervous system.1 , 6 , 7 Secondly, it is capable of antagonizing the inflammatory effects of . . .
Palliative care for cirrhosis: a UK survey of health professionals’ perceptions, current practice and future needs (2015)

All who responded acknowledged the role of SPC in caring for those dying with cirrhosis and need for further training to improve confidence and enable joint working between SPC, general practice and liver teams. Low response rates make it difficult to generalise these findings, which require further validation.
Gastrointestinal mucus, a medium for survival and for elimination of parasitic nematodes and protozoa (1987)

Mucus is a sticky visco-elastic material which coats all mucosal surfaces. Florey, in 1955, noted the following three functions for gastrointestinal mucus: protection of the underlying mucosa from chemical and physical injury, lubrication of the mucosal surface to facilitate passage of luminal contents, and removal of parasites by binding and entrapment. In the 31 years since Florey's review, detailed analyses of the composition of mucus and of the biochemistry of mucin glycoproteins, as well as measurements of the physical properties of mucus from different organs and sites have yielded information at the molecular level which provide additional support for his views on its function (Allen, 1981; Forstner, Wesley & Forstner, 1982).
Hebrew (1990)

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New application of diffusion tensor imaging in neurosurgery. (2011)

Diffusion tensor imaging is a MRI technique that enables the measurement of the diffusion of water in tissue in order to produce neural tract images. Advanced methods such as color coding and tractography (fiber tracking) have been used to investigate the directionality. The localization of tumors in relation to the white matter tracts (infiltration, deflection), has been one the most important initial applications. A non invasive technique for assessing tumor tissue characteristics, like tumor cell density, is required to assist preoperative surgical planning for malignant brain tumors and help better deﬁne the target for tumor biopsy, resulting in more accurate diagnosis and grading of malignant brain tumors. One possible source of this information is diffusion tensor imaging. Date studies have focused on its ability to delineate white matter ﬁber tracks by ﬁber tracking and to detect tumor inﬁltration around the tumor and normal white matter interface. Relationships between cell density and the two key values that diffusion tensor imaging provides, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, still need to be investigated. Mean diffusivity has a good negative correlation and fractional anisotropy has a good positive correlation with tumor cell density within the tumor core. Similar correlation was observed between the Ki-67, on the one hand and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, on the other hand. Thus, measurement of both fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity within the tumor core has a potential to provide detailed information on tumor cell density within the tumor.
Incremental Benefit of Maximum-Intensity-Projection Images on Observer Detection of Small Pulmonary Nodules Revealed by Multidetector CT (2002)

MIP processing reduces the number of overlooked small nodules, particularly in the central lung. Observer nodule detection remains imperfect even when lesions are clearly depicted on images.
Detection and viability of tumor cells in peripheral blood stem cell collections from breast cancer patients using immunocytochemical and clonogenic assay techniques [see comments] (1993)

Abstract Although peripheral blood stem cell collections (PBSC) are thought to have less tumor involvement than bone marrow (BM), the incidence of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer has not been widely investigated. We prospectively investigated the incidence and viability of tumor cell involvement in PBSC and BM collections from breast cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Paired samples of PBSC and BM from 48 patients were analyzed using an immunocytochemical technique that detects one epithelial-derived tumor cell per 5 x 10(5) mononuclear cells. Immunostained tumor cells were detected in 9.8% (13/133) PBSC specimens from 9/48 (18.7%) patients and in 62.3% (38/61) BM specimens from 32/48 (66.7%) patients, a significantly higher rate than in PBSC (P < .005). The geometric mean concentration of tumor cells in contaminated PBSC specimens was 0.8/10(5) mononuclear cells (range 0.33 to 2.0/10(5)) compared with 22.9/10(5) mononuclear cells in BM (range 1 to 3,000/10(5), P < .0001). In culture experiments, clonogenic tumor colonies grew in 21/26 immunocytochemically positive specimens. No tumor colony growth was detected in 30/32 immunocytochemically negative specimens. Immunocytochemical detection of tumor involvement in BM and PBSC correlated significantly with in vitro clonogenic growth (P < .0001). We conclude that PBSC contain fewer tumor cells than paired BM specimens from patients with advanced breast cancer and that these tumor cells appear to be capable of clonogenic growth in vitro.
Research needs in aircraft noise prediction (1975)

Progress needed in understanding the mechanisms of aircraft noise generation and propagation is outlined using the focus provided by the need to predict accurately the noise produced and received at the ground by an aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport. The components of internal engine noise generation, jet exhaust, airframe noise and shielding and configuration effects, and the roles of atmospheric propagation and ground noise attenuation are presented and related to the prediction problem. The role of NASA in providing the focus and direction for needed advances is discussed, and possible contributions of the academic community in helping to fulfill the needs for accurate aircraft noise prediction methods are suggested.