gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lossless Deformation of Brain Images for Concealing Identification (2011)

디지털 형태로 저장된 의료정보가 네트워크를 통하여 제약 없이 전송될 수 있게 되면서, 환자의 개인정보 관리는 의료 업계에서 중요한 주제로 부각되었다. 현재 두뇌 영상의 의료정보를 보호하는 방법은 환자의 신원을 은닉시키기 위하여 얼굴을 절삭하는 것이다. 그러나 절삭 과정에서 간혹 중요한 두뇌 조직부가 함께 절단되어 탈면 두뇌 영상은 의료 용도로 활용될 수 없게 손상을 입게 된다. 실린더 모양의 마스크를 덧붙임으로써 두뇌 영상의 중요한 모든 정보를 유지하면서 환자의 신원 정보를 은닉시키는 직접적인 방법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 두뇌 영상의 무손실 변경 방법은 중요한 영상정보가 손상되지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 마스크로 입혀진 두뇌영상의 신원을 확인할 수 없는 사실도 증명되었다. Patients' privacy protection is a heated issue in medical business, as medical information in digital format transmit everywhere through networks without any limitation. A current protection method for brain images is to deface from the brain image for patient's privacy. However, the defacing process often removes important brain voxels so that the defaced brain image is damaged for medical analysis. An ad-hoc method is proposed to conceal patient's identification by adding cylindrical mask, while the brain keep all important brain voxels. The proposed lossless deformation of brain image is verified not to loose any important voxels. Futhermore, the masked brain image is proved not to be recognized by others.
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation via portal vein improves microcirculation and ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats (2012)

ADMSCs have a therapeutic effect against CCl4-mediated liver fibrosis. ADMSCs may benefit the fibrotic liver through alteration of microcirculation, evidenced by CT perfusion scan and down-regulation of VEGF. Intraportal transplantation is a better pathway than tail vein transplantation.
Statistics: an introduction using R (2005)

Preface. Chapter 1. Fundamentals. Chapter 2. Dataframes. Chapter 3. Central Tendency. Chapter 4. Variance. Chapter 5. Single Samples. Chapter 6. Two Samples. Chapter 7. Statistical Modelling. Chapter 8. Regression. Chapter 9. Analysis of Variance. Chapter 10. Analysis of Covariance. Chapter 11. Multiple Regression. Chapter 12. Contrasts. Chapter 13. Count Data. Chapter 14. Proportion Data. Chapter 15. Death and Failure Data. Chapter 16. Binary Response Variable. Appendix 1: Fundamentals of the R Language. References and Further Reading. Index.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling and T‐cell lymphomas (2005)

Interaction of cytokines with their cognate receptors leads to the activation of latent transcription factors - the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins - whose biological activities ultimately regulate many critical aspects of cell growth, survival and differentiation. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway is frequently observed in many primary human tumours, reflecting the importance of this pathway in the maintenance of cellular integrity. Here we review the current progress in STAT structure and function, and the contribution of STAT signalling to the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas.
Update on the immunologic basis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis (2004)

H. pylori induces gastritis through production of a variety of antigens, virulence factors, and soluble mediators. The bacterium also dysregulates, disarms, and evades host immune responses to maintain chronic colonization of the gastric mucosa. Understanding the mechanisms of its growth and survival in the human stomach are essential for the development of an effective vaccine and other novel eradication strategies.
Casemix Adjustment of Managed Care Claims Data Using the Clinical Classification for Health Policy Research Method (1998)

The CCHPR method appears to be a promising tool to understand variability in physician resource utilization in managed care.
A fractal-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic traces (1996)

Abstract A new algorithm is proposed for the automatic picking of seismic first arrivals that detects the presence of a signal by analyzing the variation in fractal dimension along the trace. The “divider-method” is found to be the most suitable method for calculating the fractal dimension. A change in dimension is found to occur close to the transition from noise to signal plus noise, that is the first arrival. The nature of this change varies from trace to trace, but a detectable change is always found to occur. The algorithm has been tested on real data sets with varying S/N ratios and the results compared to those obtained using previously published algorithms. With an appropriate tuning of its parameters, the fractal-based algorithm proved more accurate than all these other algorithms, especially in the presence of significant noise. The fractal method proved able to tolerate noise up to 80% of the average signal amplitude. However, the fractal-based algorithm is considerably slower than the other methods and hence is intended for use only on data sets with low S/N ratios.
Characterization of genetic alterations in ovarian cancer associated with chemotherapy response (2009)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, and exhibit an overall fiveyear\nsurvival rate of only 48% in Sweden. The high mortality in ovarian cancer is largely due to\nlate diagnosis and chemotherapy resistance. Finding predictive markers of chemotherapy\nresponse and elucidating the resistance mechanisms would help to individualize and improve\ntreatment of ovarian cancer patients.\nWith the aim to explore genetic alterations and to search for potential predictive biomarkers of\nchemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients, a total of 133 epithelial ovarian carcinomas\nwere investigated genetically. Initially, early-stage tumors of mixed histology from patients treated\nwith carboplatin were analyzed with both metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)\nand array CGH. The main finding was that gain in chromosome arm 1q, and more specifically\n1q25.1-41, was significantly associated with carboplatin resistance. Additionally, differences in the\ngenetic alteration patterns were detected between the three histologic subtypes serous, mucinous\nand clear cell. Subsequently, stage III serous ovarian tumors from patients treated with\ncombination therapy paclitaxel/carboplatin were analyzed with array CGH and quantitative realtime\npolymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Gain in 3q26.2 and losses in the regions 6q11.2-12,\n9p22.3-21.3 and Xp22.2-11.1 were found significantly more frequent in the resistant cases than in\nthe sensitive cases. When examining the gene expression of four genes located in these genomic\nregions, the EVI1 gene expression differed between samples with gain versus without gain, and\nexhibited higher expression in the gain group. Furthermore, based on the significant genomic\nregions, a decision tree was generated and loss in regions 6q11.2-12, Xp11.3 and Xp22.13 was the\nbest combination to classify the tumor material according to chemotherapy response. Next, a\npatent material treated with combination therapy docetaxel/carboplatin and consisting of\nadvanced stage serous ovarian tumors was analyzed with array CGH. Losses in 8p23.3-23.1 and\n8p22 were significantly associated with sensitivity, and gains in six regions in chromosome 9\n(9p13.2-13.1, 9q21.2-21.32, 9q21.33, 9q22.2-22.31, 9q22.32-22.33 and 9q33.1-34.11) were\nsignificantly associated with resistance. Interestingly, this was a different set of genetic alterations\nthan the paclitaxel/carboplatin material generated, although the two materials exhibit similar\nclinical features and are given similar therapies. Altogether, specific genetic alterations associated\nwith differential chemotherapy response and patient outcome were identified in these studies.\nThe different chemotherapies were associated with different genetic alterations, which might lead to the establishment of separate predictive biomarkers.
A Novel and Expeditious Approach to Unusual Spirolactam Building Blocks (2003)

A rapid access to 7-azaspiro[4.5]decan-6-ones 1 involving three regio- and chemoselective reactions starting from tetrabromonorbornyl derivatives is described. The alkaline H(2)O(2) cleavage reaction of monosubstituted alpha-diketones 9 furnished the potential bridged bicyclic lactones 10in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The radical-mediated, intermolecular bridgehead C-C bond formation of the versatile bridged lactones 10 with acrylonitrile followed by LAH reduction of the adduct 13 intriguingly leads to the formation of novel spirolactam building blocks 1.
Clustering-based approaches to discovering and visualising microarray data patterns (2003)

This article focuses on clustering techniques for the analysis of microarray data and discusses contributions and applications for the implementation of intelligent diagnostic systems and therapy design studies. Approaches to validating and visualising expression clustering results and software and other relevant resources to support clustering-based analyses are reviewed. Finally, this paper addresses current limitations and problems that need to be investigated for the development of an advanced generation of pattern discovery tools.
Measurements of Surface Properties in the Nano- and Microscale Using Optical, Mechanical, and Scanning Probe Methods (2009)

Modern science and technology requires advanced equipment to achieve further progress. In almost all fields scale of experiment was shifted to nanorange showing new challenges for researchers and scientific equipment design. This article concentrates on nanotechnology and surface engineering metrology solutions which are provided by the Schaefer Group of companies. Recent developments in the field of scanning probe microscopy, three--dimensional optical microscopy and of material properties characterization in the nano-and microscale are briefly described. Examples of possible applications of mentioned techniques are given as well.
CASK: a novel dlg/PSD95 homolog with an N-terminal calmodulin-dependent protein kinase domain identified by interaction with neurexins (1996)

Neurexins are neuronal cell surface proteins with hundreds of isoforms. In yeast two-hybrid screens for intracellular molecules interacting with different neurexins, we identified a single interacting protein called CASK. CASK is composed of an N-terminal Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase sequence and a C-terminal region that is similar to the intercellular junction proteins dlg-A, PSD95/SAP90, SAP97, Z01, and Z02 and that contains DHR-, SH3-, and guanylate kinase domains. CASK is enriched in brain in synaptic plasma membranes but is also detectable at low levels in all tissues tested. The cytoplasmic domains of all three neurexins bind CASK in a salt-labile interaction. In neurexin I, this interaction is dependent on the C-terminal three residues. Thus, CASK is a membrane-associated protein that combines domains found in Ca2+ - activated protein kinases and in proteins specific for intercellular junctions, suggesting that it may be a signaling molecule operating at the plasma membrane, possibly in conjunction with neurexins.
The Application of Co-Substrate Theory in the Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Project (2010)

The Co Substrate theory is applied to treat the pharmaceutical wastewater,in which the nutritions are added,the phenyl and homologue is effectively disintegrated and digested,COD is removed,ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed,so as to guarantee the system meets the discharge standards.
Exploitation of cyclostationarity for identifying the Volterra kernels of nonlinear systems (1993)

A class of random time-series inputs for nonlinear time-invariant systems that permit the analytical specification of a set of operators on the input that are orthonormal over all time to the Volterra operators for all orders and all lag sets is introduced. The time series in this class are cyclostationary and complex valued. The orthonormal operators are used to obtain an input-output type of cross-correlation formula for identifying the individual Volterra kernels of arbitrary order for a nonlinear system of possibly infinite order and possibly infinite memory. The real parts of the complex-valued inputs in this class comprise a class of real-valued inputs for which the same sets of specified operators apply. However, the orthogonality for different orders holds for these real inputs only for Volterra operators of order less than the order of the specified operator. Thus, these real inputs can be used to identify Volterra kernels only for finite-order systems. Frequency-domain counterparts of the time-domain methods that can utilize an FFT algorithm are developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topological Analysis of the Membrane-localized Redox-responsive Sensor Kinase PrrB from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 (1999)

Photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is controlled in part by the two-component (Prr) regulatory system composed of a membrane-bound sensor kinase (PrrB) and a response regulator (PrrA). Hydropathy profile-based computer analysis predicted that the PrrB polypeptide could contain six membrane-spanning domains at its amino terminus and a hydrophilic, cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus. Both the localization and the topology of the PrrB sensor kinase have been studied by generating a series of gene fusions with the Escherichia coli periplasmically localized alkaline phosphatase and the cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase. Eighteen prrB-phoA and five prrB-lacZ fusions were constructed and expressed in both E. coli and R. sphaeroides. Enzymatic activity assays and immunoblot analyses were performed to identify and to localize the different segments of PrrB in the membrane. The data obtained in E. coli generally correlated with the data obtained in R. sphaeroides and support the computer predictions. On the basis of the theoretical model and the results provided by these studies, a topological model for the membrane localization of the PrrB polypeptide is proposed.
Let Globalization Benefit 80% of SMEs (2016)

The world needs free trade,as we need more job positions.All issues brought by globalization are just our growing pains.In my opinion,globalization is not a threat to our economy and employment.On the contrary,it will create more job po-
Environmental risk factors for early infantile atopic dermatitis (2007)

Previous studies of predictors of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Asia have had limited sample size and small numbers of variables focused primarily on family history or dietary exposures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of various environmental risk factors for early infantile AD. We used multistage, stratified systematic sampling to recruit 2048 mother-child pairs from the Taiwan national birth registration in 2003. Information on environmental risk factors for infant AD gathered by questionnaire were available from 1760 infants at 6 months of age. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors for AD after adjusting for potential confounders. AD was noted in 118 of 1760 (6.7%) of the infants. After adjusting for maternal age and education, family history of atopy, infant gender, and gestational age, fungi on walls of the house [aOR 2.14 (95% CI 1.41-3.22)] and frequent use of microwave oven at home [aOR 1.71 (95% CI 1.13-2.58)] increased the risk of early infantile AD. This study suggests that environmental factors do play a role in early infantile AD. Fungi, a kind of aeroallergen, are especially important in humid climate as in Taiwan and their impacts might be felt at the early infant stage. The hazards of microwave use should be paid more attention.
Moving object tracking using optical flow and motion vector estimation (2015)

Moving object detection and tracking is an evolving research field due to its wide applications in traffic surveillance, 3D reconstruction, motion analysis (human and non-human), activity recognition, medical imaging etc. However real time object tracking is a challenging task due to dynamic tacking environment and different limiting parameters like view point, anthropometric variation, dimensions of an object, cluttered background, camera motions, occlusion etc. In this paper, we have developed new object detection and tracking algorithm which makes use of optical flow in conjunction with motion vector estimation for object detection and tracking in a sequence of frames. The optical flow gives valuable information about the object movement even if no quantitative parameters are computed. The motion vector estimation technique can provide an estimation of object position from consecutive frames which increases the accuracy of this algorithm and helps to provide robust result irrespective of image blur and cluttered background. The use of median filter with this algorithm makes it more robust in the presence of noise. The developed algorithm is applied to wide range of standard and real time datasets with different illumination (indoor and outdoor), object speed etc. The obtained results indicates that the developed algorithm over performs over conventional methods and state of art methods of object tracking.
Application of radiation technology in vaccines development (2015)

One of the earliest methods used in the manufacture of stable and safe vaccines is the use of chemical and physical treatments to produce inactivated forms of pathogens. Although these types of vaccines have been successful in eliciting specific humoral immune responses to pathogen-associated immunogens, there is a large demand for the development of fast, safe, and effective vaccine manufacturing strategies. Radiation sterilization has been used to develop a variety of vaccine types, because it can eradicate chemical contaminants and penetrate pathogens to destroy nucleic acids without damaging the pathogen surface antigens. Nevertheless, irradiated vaccines have not widely been used at an industrial level because of difficulties obtaining the necessary equipment. Recent successful clinical trials of irradiated vaccines against pathogens and tumors have led to a reevaluation of radiation technology as an alternative method to produce vaccines. In the present article, we review the challenges associated with creating irradiated vaccines and discuss potential strategies for developing vaccines using radiation technology.
Studies of the subtilin leader peptide as a translocation signal in Escherichia coli K12 (1999)

Subtilin is an antimicrobial peptide of the lantibiotic family that is produced by Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, and its biosynthesis involves expression of presubtilin which consists of a leader segment and a mature segment. The leader segment is unlike a typical sec-type general secretion signal, and its ability to mediate translocation through a non-sec pathway has been previously studied by fusing the subtilin leader to an alkaline phosphatase reporter and expressing it in B. subtilis 168 [Izaguirre, G. and Hansen, J.N. (1997) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 3965–3971]. In this work, we have expressed the same subtilin leader-AP fusion in Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and found that the AP polypeptide is translocated into the periplasmic compartment and assembles into an enzymatically active form. The subtilin leader segment was not cleaved from this enzymatically active AP, which remained associated with the membrane. Conversion of the cells to spheroplasts followed by treatment with proteinase K showed that about 50% of the bound AP was sufficiently exposed on the surface of the spheroplasts to be inactivated by proteolytic cleavage.
中国与美元“脱钩”的策略及其影响 (2009)

【香港亚洲时报在线6月17日】俄罗斯6月10日宣布，会购买100亿美元以特别提款权计价的国际货币基金组织债券。它还宣布，会进一步实现1400亿美元资产的投资多样化。巴西也将购买100亿美元的国际货币基金组织新债券，中国则将购买500亿美元的这种新债券。印度可能不久会宣布自己的购买计划。
Threshold Adhesion Failure: An Approach to Aluminum Thin-Film Adhesion Measurement Using the Stylus Method (1978)

A detailed study of the scratch test was undertaken to determine its sensitivity, reproducibility, and soundness as a means of measuring the adhesion of aluminum films on fused quartz substrates. The complete-removal failure criterion was found to be quite subjective and often ambiguous, finally leading to the threshold adhesion failure (TAF) concept. Using the TAF approach, it was found that the scratch test is sensitive enough to discriminate between failure and nonfailure within 0.1 g of stylus loading at both low- and high-load levels. Also, the reproducibility of the mean TAF loads is excellent. In addition to the expected TAF load dependence on stylus tip radius of curvature and film thickness, it was also found that any one stylus has its own scribing characteristics which are reflected in the TAF load. The mean TAF loads are, therefore, relative measurements. The occurrence of crescent fractures in the substrate at high-stylus loads puts an upper bound on acceptable testing loads. TAF loads are almost always well below the crescent fracture load level, but critical loads determined by the complete removal criterion (being so much higher) may have doubtful meaningfulness. It appears that the TAF approach is measuring the lower limits, while the critical load approach is measuring the upper limits of film adherence. In either case, one obtains an estimate of the quality of film adherence, but not an unequivocal measurement of the adhesive forces.
Activation of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Release Advances the Onset of Female Puberty (1987)

The juvenile-peripubertal transition period in the female rat is associated with an ovarian-independent afternoon increase in the amplitude of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses. To determine if the immature pituitary could be activated to cause precocious puberty juvenile female rats were subjected for 4 days to a microprocessor-driven pulsatile intravenous administration of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) at a dose that produced a peripubertal pattern of LH release. To determine if the LHRH neurons themselves could be prematurely activated to induce such a pattern of plasma LH, and hence lead to precocious puberty, the neuroexcitatory amino acid analog N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMA) was similarly administered. The time of puberty (vaginal opening and first ovulation) was advanced by both the LHRH and NMA treatments, by 5 and 7 days, respectively. Ovarian weight and incidence of corpora lutea at first diestrus were similar in all animals regardless of treatment, but a juvenile body weight was retained by the animals that underwent precocious puberty. Therefore, just as the adenohypophysis can be driven by exogenous LHRH to initiate puberty, the LHRH neuronal system can be precociously activated by the episodic administration of an excitatory amino acid analog that is known to interact with specific brain receptors. It is likely, therefore, that sexual maturation is limited by factors that lie further upstream in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (e.g., the neuronal circuits that impinge upon LHRH-producing neurons).
SDN-enabled session continuity for wireless networks (2017)

All active sessions of an ordinary host will be broken if the host changes its IP address as a result of migrating to a new subnet. Traditional solutions toward this problem either need modifying mobile hosts or create tunnels that cause inefficient triangle routing. SDN-based mobility schemes, on the other hand, focus on handover latency reduction or fast packet redirection after handover. There is no SDN-based approach that handles autonomous IP address changes by mobile hosts. As a remedy, we propose SDN-enabled Session Continuity (SDN-SC), as an SDN-based mobility management mechanism that retains session for hosts roaming across subnets in an SDN network. Particularly, SDN-SC suppresses possible address re-configurations with techniques such as gateway spoofing and DHCP lease renewal for mobile hosts away from home. We studied the performance of SDN-SC and compared it with that of MIPv4 and PMIPv6. The results show that SDN-SC outperforms both MIPv4 and PMIPv6 in terms of handover latency.