gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Categorical Preference of the Mind (2022)

Fundamental to the traditional, Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) mind-based model is that the human mind perceives the world through the use of ontological categories. These categories are often defined as templates, which are associated with the recognition of basic ontological categories organized hierarchically due to evolutionarily sourced strategic connections: PERSON > ANIMAL > PLANT > ARTIFACT > OBJECT. If the field of CSR is to use such foundational concepts as MCIs, ontological categories, socially strategic and inference generation, we must first test and verify that this hierarchical ontological schema is in fact valid, especially given some recent shifts away from the mind-based model. The goal of this study was to analyze participant preferences for different aspects of the CSR mind-based model, such as template categories and socially strategic inferences. To test this, participants saw four conditions, each with a variety of images that reflected these categories and inferences. Main findings saw no preference between hypothesized template categories, preference for socially strategic images within the same category, and preference for non-threatening images over threatening images of the same category. The latter two findings (socially strategic; threat avoidance) confirm core theories and recent work in CSR; the former finding (no hierarchy preference) calls into question the nature and use of ontological categories.
Improved algorithms for TCP congestion control (2010)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
ADAPT: Availability-Aware MapReduce Data Placement for Non-dedicated Distributed Computing (2012)

The MapReduce programming paradigm is gaining more and more popularity recently due to its merits of ease of programming, data distribution and fault tolerance. The low barrier of adoption of MapReduce makes it a promising framework for non-dedicated distributed computing environments. However, the variability of hosts resources and availability could substantially degrade the performance of MapReduce applications. The replication-based fault tolerance mechanism helps to alleviate some problems at the cost of inefficient storage space utilization. Intelligent solutions that guarantee the performance of MapReduce applications with low data replication degree are needed to promote the idea of running MapReduce applications in non-dedicated environment at lower costs. In this research, we propose an Availability-aware Data Placement (ADAPT) strategy to improve the application performance without extra storage cost. The basic idea of ADAPT is to dispatch data based on the availability of each node, reduce network traffic, improve data locality, and optimize the application performance. We implement the prototype of ADAPT within the Hadoop framework, an open-source implementation of MapReduce. The performance of ADAPT is evaluated in an emulated non-dedicated distributed environment. The experimental results show that ADAPT can improve the performance by more than 30%. ADAPT achieves high reliability without the need for additional data replication. ADAPT has also been evaluated for large-scale computing environment through simulations, with promising results.
Novel treatment strategies in triple-negative breast cancer: specific role of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition (2014)

Inhibitors of the poly(adenosine triphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 enzyme induce synthetic lethality in cancers with ineffective DNA (DNA) repair or homologous repair deficiency, and have shown promising clinical activity in cancers deficient in DNA repair due to germ-line mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The majority of breast cancers arising in carriers of BRCA1 germ-line mutations, as well as half of those in BRCA2 carriers, are classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a biologically heterogeneous group of breast cancers characterized by the lack of immunohistochemical expression of the ER, PR, or HER2 proteins, and for which the current standard of care in systemic therapy is cytotoxic chemotherapy. Many "sporadic" cases of TNBC appear to have indicators of DNA repair dysfunction similar to those in BRCA-mutation carriers, suggesting the possible utility of PARP inhibitors in a subset of TNBC. Significant genetic heterogeneity has been observed within the TNBC cohort, creating challenges for interpretation of prior clinical trial data, and for the design of future clinical trials. Several PARP inhibitors are currently in clinical development in BRCA-mutated breast cancer. The use of PARP inhibitors in TNBC without BRCA mutation will require biomarkers that identify cancers with homologous repair deficiency in order to select patients likely to respond. Beyond mutations in the BRCA genes, dysfunction in other genes that interact with the homologous repair pathway may offer opportunities to induce synthetic lethality when combined with PARP inhibition.
Reducing VOC Emissions from Large Crude Carriers. (2001)

Abstract The Norwegian continental shelf is the scene for a major advance in technology for VOC emission reduction. The VOC is released when crude is transferred from production units to large crude carriers (shuttle tankers). Various technical solutions have been introduced, evaluated and tested for a period of more than 10 years. Among these are sequential loading, improved tank design, VOC re-absorption to the crude, production of synthetic crude and VOC used as fuel for propulsion engines. The industry is presently about to receive final VOC regulations from Norwegian Authorities, which within year 2005 require a 78 % reduction in the VOC releases for 95 % of the loaded volume. Involving offshore loading of 695 million barrels of crude a year, 15 loading points and 25 shuttle-tankers, this is a considerable technical and practical challenge to the industry. To avoid transportation and production hick-ups, the partly unproven VOC process equipment is hooked-up to existing shuttle-tankers during busy normal operation. This paper will address the different VOC reduction techniques tested in the past, and based on practical experience summarizes the most promising solution for the future. 1. Introduction Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are a mixture of light end components of Hydro Carbons (HC) - methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. When evaporated from the liquid, methane being lighter than air will be emitted to the atmosphere and contribute to the "green house" effect. The Non Methane VOC (NMVOC), ethane, propane, butane, etc being heavier than air will on warm days react with nitrogen oxides (NOX) and form Ground Level Ozone. The ground level ozone has a detrimental effect on human's health, vegetation and material. Fig. 1 - The formation of ground level ozone(available in full paper) By signing the ECE convention in 1991 the Norwegian authorities committed themselves to reduce the total emission of NMVOC in Norway by 30 %, later increased to 35 % with 1990 as basis. Norway also promised to take the initiative to implement the "best available technology" (BAT) being economically justifiable to reduce the NMVOC emission along the Norwegian coastline both south and north of the 62o latitude within Norway. Approximately 55 % of the VOC emission in Norway comes from the offshore loading of crude oil to shuttle-tankers in the North Sea. The relative cost for VOC emission reductions within the contributing industries and public sector have been evaluated. This concluded that recovery of VOC during offshore loading would be the obvious area of concentration. Recovering the MNVOC emitted during the loading operation could fulfil the international obligations made. This represents the basis for the high focus on the offshore loading in the North Sea and possibilities for NMVOC recovery. The VOC emitted also represent a resource that can be processed to market products as propane and butane with high economical market value. The recovery will also reduce the crude loss. Popularly speaking the VOC emissions can be looked on as "resources gone astray".
[First validation of the French version of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI)]. (1999)

This study allowed the psychometric validation of the French version of GIQLI. This index could be used in France as a reliable method for measuring quality of life related to gastrointestinal diseases.
Automatic neural detection of anomalies in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals (1994)

A two-stage architecture is proposed for recognition of five types of ill complexes in ECG signals. First, a classical signal processing method allows detection of relevant portions of the signal (QRS complexes), and reduction of the information needed for classification. Second, a neural network architecture is used for classification, implying a Kohonen map and a perceptron, with the cardiologist as a supervisor. Two types of troubles are perfectly recognized, while the three others remain hard to detect as such.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and lodination of human (phenylalanine<sup>13</sup>, tyrosine<sup>19</sup>) melanin‐concentrating hormone for radioreceptor assay (1995)

An analogue of human melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) suitable for radioiodination was designed in which Tyr13 and Val19 of the natural peptide were replaced by phenylalanyl and tyrosyl residues: [Phe13, Tyr19]-MCH. The peptide was synthesized by the continuous-flow solid-phase methodology using Fmoc-strategy and polyhipe PA 500 and PEG-PS resins. The linear MCH peptides with either acetamidomethyl-protected or free cysteinyl residues were purified to homogeneity and cyclized by iodine oxidation, yielding the final product with the correct molecular weight of 2434.61. Radioiodination of the C-terminal tyrosine was carried out enzymatically using solid-phase bound glucose oxidase/lactoperoxidase, followed by purification on a reversed-phase mini-column and by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The resulting [125I]-[Phe13, Tyr19]-MCH tracer was the first radiolabelled MCH peptide suitable for radioreceptor assay: saturation binding analysis using mouse G4F-7 melanoma cells demonstrated the presence of 1090 MCH receptors per cell. The dissociation constant (KD) was 1.18 x 10(-10) M, indicating high-affinity MCH receptors on these cells. MCH receptors were also found in other cell lines such as mouse B16-F1 and G4F and human RE melanoma cells as well as in PC12 and COS-7 cells. Competition binding analyses with a number of other peptides such as alpha-MSH, neuropeptide Y, substance P and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, demonstrated that the binding to the MCH receptor is specific. Atrial natriuretic factor was found to be a weak competitor of MCH, indicating topological similarities between MCH and ANF when interacting with MCH receptors.
A stop-EGFP transgenic mouse to detect clonal cell lineages generated by mutation (2004)

The investigation of cell lineages and clonal organization in tissues is facilitated by techniques that allow labelling of clonal cell lineages. Here, we describe a novel transgenic mouse that allows clonal cell lineages to be traced in virtually any tissue. A green fluorescent cell lineage is generated by a random mutation at an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene that carries a premature stop codon, ensuring clonality. The transgenic system allows efficient detection of mutations and stem-cell fate mapping in the epidermis using live mice, as well as in the kidney and liver post-mortem. Cell lineages that descended from single epidermal stem cells were found to be capable of generating three adjacent corneocytes using the system, providing evidence for horizontal migration of epidermal cells between epidermal proliferative units (EPUs), in contrast to the classical EPU model. The transgenic mouse system is expected to provide a novel tool for stem-cell lineage studies.
Antennas and propagation for body centric communications (2006)

Body centric wireless communication is now accepted as an important part of 4th generation (and beyond) mobile communications systems, taking the form of human to human networking incorporating wearable sensors and communications. There are also a number of body centric communication systems for specialized occupations, such as paramedics and fire-fighters, military personnel and medical sensing and support. To support these developments there is considerable ongoing research into antennas and propagation for body centric communications systems, and this paper will summarise some of it, including the characterisation of the channel on the body, the optimisation of antennas for these channels, and communications to medical implants where advanced antenna design and characterisation and modelling of the internal body channel are important research needs. In all of these areas both measurement and simulation pose very different and challenging issues to be faced by the researcher.
The Non-Obvious Problem: How the Indeterminate Nonobviousness Standard Produces Excessive Patent Grants (2008)

The dominant current perception in patent law is that the core requirement of nonobviousness is applied too leniently, resulting in a proliferation of patents on trivial inventions that actually retard technological innovation in the long run. This Article reveals that the common wisdom is only half correct. The nonobviousness standard is not too low, but both too high and too low. It is indeterminate. Three principal factors produce nonobviousness indeterminacy: a failure to identify the quantum of innovation necessary to satisfy the standard, a failure to define the baseline level of ordinary skill against which to measure an innovation, and the epistemic infeasibility of requiring a technologically lay decision maker to judge from the perspective of a more highly trained and educated person of ordinary skill in the art. This Article introduces a mathematical model of innovation and patenting to analyze the effects of nonobviousness indeterminacy. Based on the model, indeterminacy in nonobviousness decisions has several unexpected consequences. First, indeterminacy results in an excessive total number of patent grants, and in many patent grants on obvious inventions. Second, indeterminacy leads to too many patent applications on obvious inventions and too few applications on non-obvious inventions. Third, uncertainty causes more patent litigation than is optimal and leads to incorrect litigation outcomes. Fourth, indeterminacy leads to inefficiently low incentives to research and develop great advances, and excessively high incentives to invest in mundane innovation. All of these effects occur even assuming that decision makers apply the nonobviousness standard correctly on average. That many of the current patent system ills may result from indeterminacy rather than from too low a nonobviousness standard has significant consequences for the patent system and for current recommendations for reform. Perhaps most critically, arguments for raising (or lowering) the nonobviousness threshold, a mainstay of recent legal and economic analysis, may be somewhat inapposite, unless and until we can establish greater specificity in the standard. This Article concludes with several recommendations for improving determinacy in nonobviousness decisions, including differentiating nonobviousness analysis and developing a substantive nonobviousness standard.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Amino Acid Hydantoins (1973)

Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) of 17 amino acid hydantoins were measured between 190 and 600 nm. Most of hydantoins exhibited the negative Cotton effect which showed the trough between 238 and 245 nm. The negative trough of CD was also observed between 212 and 236 nm. The Cotton effect of hydantoins was attributable to n→π* transition of carbonyl group at C-4 of hydantoin ring.
Dry Lubricants and Corrosion (1963)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses dry film lubricants from the standpoint of use by the military services, the Army in particular. For military purposes, a dry film lubricant is defined as a solid material which reduces friction and wear and at the same time provides corrosion protection. A summary of the types of dry lubricants and their desirable characteristics is given along with a discussion of the factors affecting the efficiency of the dry film lubricants.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent work on the development of a dry film lubricant with a long wear life and corrosion protective properties is discussed. This work shows that graphite is not a desirable component in a dry film lubricant because it accelerates corrosion. The paper lists general applications for dry film lubricants and specific Ordnance applications, such as on the XM34 Littlejohn Rocket Launcher.</div>
High- compared with low-dose radiosurgery for uveal melanomas (2002)

Object. The authors compared the results of gamma knife radiosurgery in patients with uveal melanoma who underwent high-dose (treated from 1992–1995) and low-dose irradiation (treated from 1996–2002). Methods. Thirty-one patients with uveal melanomas were treated with a mean margin dose of 52.1 Gy (high dose) and 33 with a mean dose of 41.5 Gy (low dose), and results were compared between groups. The technical procedure was the same in each group except for radiation dose. In the low-dose group, complete tumor regression (scar formation) occurred in 12% and in the high-dose group in 26%. Partial regression (reduction of the tumor prominence between 50 and 80%) occurred in 81% of the low-dose group and in 58% of the high-dose group. Neovascular glaucoma as a severe complication developed in 9% of the low-dose group and in 48% of the high-dose group. Conclusions. Reduction of the margin dose from 52.1 to 41.5 Gy appears to achieve the same rate of tumor regression but is associated with a lower rate of severe side effects such as neovascular glaucoma. The follow-up period in the lowdose group, however, was much shorter.
A Circuit with Logarithmic Transfer Response over 9 Decades (1964)

The short-circuit collector current of many silicon transistors is proportional to the exponential of the emitter-base voltage over 9 decades of collector current ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10^{-11} a</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10^{-2} a</tex> ). Such a transistor may be connected as a three-terminal feedback network in an operational amplifier to obtain accurate logarithmic transfer response over a dynamic range of 9 decades.
Brooks' node (1999)

Philip Brooks gains first hane experiance of a health scare but lives to tell the tale
Salmonella-TEK, a rapid screening method for Salmonella species in food (1990)

A micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) using the Salmonella-TEK screen kit was tested for the detection of Salmonella spp. in pure cultures as well as in 30 artificially contaminated food samples and in 45 naturally contaminated food samples. Different raw, fleshy foods and processed foods were used as test products. The artificially contaminated minced meat samples were preenriched in buffered peptone water, and after incubation, different selective enrichment broths were tested. The micro-ELISA optical density values after enrichment and isolation of the different broths were very analogous. The quickest method to detect Salmonella spp. in different foods is to enrich them with Salmosyst broth, which reduces the total analysis time to 31 h. The Salmonella-TEK kit for Salmonella spp. provides a promising test for the detection of Salmonella antigens in food even when they are present at a low concentration (1 to 5 CFU/25 g). The cross-reaction of the anti-Salmonella antibodies, especially to other gram-negative bacteria, is nil.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator as a therapeutic target in stroke (2008)

Exogenously administered recombinant tPA and endogenous tPA have both turned into promising therapeutic targets for the stroke patient.
NRG1-Fc improves metabolic health via dual hepatic and central action (2018)

Neuregulins (NRGs) are emerging as an important family of signaling ligands that regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. NRG1 lowers blood glucose levels in obese mice, whereas the brown fat-enriched secreted factor NRG4 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, the therapeutic potential of NRGs remains elusive, given the poor plasma half-life of the native ligands. Here, we engineered a fusion protein using human NRG1 and the Fc domain of human IgG1 (NRG1-Fc) that exhibited extended half-life in circulation and improved potency in receptor signaling. We evaluated its efficacy in improving metabolic parameters and dissected the mechanisms of action. NRG1-Fc treatment triggered potent AKT activation in the liver, lowered blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, and suppressed food intake in obese mice. NRG1-Fc acted as a potent secretagogue for the metabolic hormone FGF21; however, the latter was largely dispensable for its metabolic effects. NRG1-Fc directly targeted the hypothalamic POMC neurons to promote membrane depolarization and increase firing rate. Together, NRG1-Fc exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and exerts metabolic benefits through dual inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and caloric intake.
The Acid Dissociation Constants of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid and the Stability Constants of Some of its Metal Chelates<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acid Dissociation Constants of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid and the Stability Constants of Some of its Metal Chelates1Edward J. Durham and Daniel P. RyskiewichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 18, 4812–4817Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01551a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01551a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passive Power Generation and Heat Recovery from Waste Heat (2015)

This research presents a passive method of waste heat recovery and conversion to electricity using Thermo-Electric Generator (TEG). For this purpose, a lab scale bench-top prototype of waste heat recovery and conversion system was designed and fabricated. This bench top system consists of the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) sandwiched between two heat pipes, one connected to the hot side of the TEG and the second connected to the cold side of the TEG. A 2 kW electric heater was used to replicate the waste heat. An electric fan was used to provide air into the system. A theoretical model was developed to predict the system performance. The model was found in good agreement with the experimental data.