gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental performance analysis and optimisation of medium temperature solar thermal collectors with silicon oil as a heat transfer fluid (2011)

Heat transfer fluids (HTFs) play an essential role in solar water heating systems by transferring collected energy from the collector, perhaps via a heat exchanger to the store. If the store is at a much higher temperature than the fluid, the store acts as a heat source, whereas the fluid acts as a coolant, thus reversing the collection process. This action must be avoided through good controls. Experimental performance analysis and comparison of three different types of solar collectors; a non-concentrating evacuated tube heat pipe and two concentrating single-sided and double-sided coated evacuated tube heat pipes collectors are installed and tested using Dow-corning 550® silicon oil as an HTF under the same operating in-door control conditions, and results are presented in this paper. The performance of these solar collectors was determined from the overall increase in inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, overall fluid temperature differential, energy collection rate, optical efficiencies, and thermal performances. Temperature differential, energy, and collection efficiency diagrams plotted against time were used to represent and compare the solar collectors. Finally, a comparative analysis of these solar collectors using either pressurised water or Dow-corning 550 silicon oil as HTF is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy May Be Performed Poorly by Children With Cystic Fibrosis (2019)

Despite standardized instruction, the results demonstrated considerable variation among the participants and overall poor technique during use. Outcomes of this study indicated that airway clearance effects of oscillating positive expiratory pressure were compromised due to poor technique.
Data memory design and exploration for low-power embedded systems (2001)

In embedded system design, the designer has to choose an on-chip memory configuration that is suitable for a specific application. To aid in this design choice, we present a memory exploration procedure based on three performance metrics, namely, cache size, the memory access time and the energy consumption. We show the importance of including energy in the performance metrics, since an increase in the cache size and line size reduces the memory access time but does not necessarily reduce the energy consumption. The memory exploration procedures enable us to find the cache configuration (cache size, line size) that satisfies the area and time constraints while minimizing the energy consumption, and the cache configuration that satisfies the area and energy constraints while minimizing the memory access time. The exploration procedures for cache configuration is very efficient since it considers only a selected set of candidate points. Finally, we validate our exploration procedures by running simulation experiments on MediaBench applications.
Identification of pKM101-encoded loci specifying potentially lethal gene products (1985)

Two pKM101-encoded loci (designated kilA and kilB) have been identified which elaborate products that are potentially lethal to the bacterial cell. The lethal effects of each of these products is inhibited by two other plasmid-encoded loci, designated korA and korB (for kil override). Both korA and korB are required to control the lethality of either kil gene. In the presence of korA and korB both kil genes have other phenotypes: kilB is necessary for conjugal transfer, whereas kilA is responsible for the small-colony morphology on defined media that is characteristic of pKM101-containing strains (the Slo phenotype).
Chemoattractant-Regulated Mobilization of a Novel Intracellular Compartment in Human Neutrophils (1987)

A novel mobilizable intracellular compartment was identified in human neutrophils by latent alkaline phosphatase activity. This compartment is mobilized to the plasma membrane much more readily than any identified granule subset and has kinetics of up-regulation in the membrane similar to those reported for a variety of receptor proteins. Triton X-100 permeabilization of both intact human neutrophils and subcellular fractions obtained by density-gradient centrifugation revealed that 70 percent of the alkaline phosphatase is located in an intracellular compartment distinct from primary, secondary, and gelatinase granules and from the plasma membrane. This compartment fully translocates to the plasma membrane after stimulation with nanomolar concentrations of the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine.
ON LINE PERFORMANCE AND UPGRADING OF ALPI RESONATORS (1999)

The first 44 Pb/Cu, β=0.11 QWRs have been in operation for more than 5 years accelerating ion species ranging from 28 Si to 90 Zr. The resonators have been subject to many thermal cycles without showing any degradation (average Ea = 2.7 MV/m). The possibility to set automatically a He gas pressure of 5x10 -5 mbar inside the cryostat during the RF conditioning, implemented in 1994, has been extensively used to recover and stabilize the resonator performance. Other 12 (β= 0.055 bulk Nb) and 4 (β = 0.13 sputtered Nb/Cu) resonators have been installed. Both Nb and Nb/Cu resonators sustain more than twice the accelerating field of Pb /Cu resonators. The Nb/Cu resonators maintain the excellent frequency stability of Pb resonators. The sensitivity of the Nb cavities to changes of He bath pressure is successfully controlled by a computer program that adjusts continuously the mechanical tuner and an innovative mechanical damper allows their operation without a fast tuner. Two cryostats, housing resonators in which sputtered Nb substitutes the Pb layer, have been installed during this year. Even if some difficulties arose because of the not perfectly suitable copper base, accelerating fields of about 4.5 MV/m could be obtained, thus suggesting a low cost program of ALPI upgrading.
9B2 - The nature of the laser transition in CdS crystal at 90°K with two-photon excitation (1966)

An oscillation at the wavelength 4946 A in cadmium sulfide crystal is produced by two-photon excitation by ruby laser radiation. A two-photon absorption coefficient is measured at the wavelength 6943 A. The two-photon absorption coefficient is proportional to the light beam intensity and is equal to 1.0 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at 50 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The excitation lifetime in excited state is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> seconds. It is proved that the oscillation in cadmium sulfide is due to the coupled excitations.
Cambial injury in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta): mountain pine beetle vs fire (2017)

Both mountain pine beetle (MPB) Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins and fire leave scars with similar appearance on lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. that have never been compared microscopically, despite the pressing need to determine the respective effects of MPB and fire injury on tree physiology. We analysed changes in wood formation in naturally caused scars on lodgepole pine, and tested the hypotheses that (i) MPB and fire injury elicit distinct anomalies in lodgepole pine wood and (ii) anomalies differ in magnitude and/or duration between MPB and fire. Mountain pine beetle and fire injury reduced radial growth in the first year post-injury. Otherwise, radial growth and wood density increased over more than 10 years in both MPB and fire scars. We found that the general increase in radial growth was of greater magnitude (up to 27%) and of longer duration (up to 5 years) in fire scars compared with MPB scars, as shown in earlywood width. We also observed that the increase in latewood density was of greater magnitude (by 12%) in MPB scars, but of longer duration (by 4 years) in fire scars. Crystallinity decreased following MPB and fire injury, while microfibril angle increased. These changes in fibre traits were of longer duration (up to 4 years) in MPB scars compared with fire scars, as shown in microfibril angle. We found no significant changes in carbon and nitrogen concentrations. In conclusion, we stress that reduced competition and resistance to cavitation play an important role alongside cambial injury in influencing the type and severity of changes. In addition, more research is needed to validate the thresholds introduced in this study. Our findings serve as a foundation for new protocols to distinguish between bark beetle and fire disturbance, which is essential for improving our knowledge of historical bark beetle and fire regimes, and their interactions.
Completion of the three primary colours: the final step toward plastic displays (2004)

A completion of the three primary colours (red, green and blue (RGB)) in conjugated polymeric electrochromics is enough to produce any shade of desired colour for plastic displays. Until our first report about a green-coloured neutral conjugated polymer (CP) [G. Sonmez, C. K. F. Shen, Y. Rubin and F. Wudl, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 2004, 43, 1498; G. Sonmez, H. B. Sonmez, C. K. F. Shen, R. W. Jost, Y. Rubin and F. Wudl, Macromolecules, 2005, in press; G. Sonmez, H. B. Sonmez, C. K. F. Shen and F. Wudl, Adv. Mater., 2004, 16, 1905; refs. ], researches on CPs as electrochromics have mainly focused on red and blue colours. In this article we describe the advantages of CPs as electrochromics and the importance of having RGB colours in polymeric electrochromic devices.
Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Aerodynamics: An Experimental Investigation (1990)

The ability to acquire blade loadings (surface pressure distributions) and surface flow visualization on an unshrouded centrifugal compressor impeller is demonstrated. Circumferential and streamwise static pressure distributions acquired on the stationary shroud are also presented. Data was acquired in a new facility designed for centrifugal compressor aerodynamic research. Blade loadings calculated with a blade–to–blade potential flow analysis are compared with the measured results. Surface flow visualization reveals some complex aspects of the flow on the surface of the impeller blading and hub. In a companion paper, Dorney and Davis (1990), a state–of–the–art, three–dimensional, time–accurate, Navier Stokes prediction of the flow through the impeller is presented.
Crystal structure of tri-µ-carbonyl-octacarbonyl-iodo-tetrahedro-tetracobaltate(1–) as its tetraethylammonium salt (1980)

The complex [NEt4][Co4(CO)11I] crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmca with unit-cell dimensions a= 16.97(1), b= 26.72(1), c= 12.10(1)Å, and Z= 8. The structure has been solved from X-ray single-crystal counter data and refined by least-squares calculations to R= 0.063 for 1 874 significant diffraction intensities. The structure of the anion is derived from that of the parent [Co4(CO)12]. Three of the carbonyl groups are edge bridging, defining a basal triangle, and eight are terminal, two per metal atom. The iodine atom, contrary to expectation, is terminally bonded to the apical cobalt atom. The molecular symmetry is Cs-m. The Co–I distance is 2.642(2)Å, and the Co–Co interactions have mean values 2.47 and 2.52 Å for the bridged and unbridged edges, respectively. A slight disorder, caused by the presence of 2% of an isomer with the iodine in a basal position, is present.
Antiviral Activity and Pharmacokinetics of 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-2-Fluoro-β- <scp>l</scp> -Glyceropent-2-Enofuranosyl)Cytosine (2003)

1-(2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-L-glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)cytosine (L-2'-Fd4C) is an L-nucleoside analogue with both anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity with median effective concentrations of 0.12 microM in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 0.002 microM in HepG2-2.2.15 cells, respectively. The purpose of this study was to examine the antihepadnavirus potency and pharmacokinetics of L-2'-Fd4C in vivo. HBV-transgenic mice treated intraperitoneally with L-2'-Fd4C showed a reduction of HBV levels in their blood comparable to that produced by lamivudine. The pharmacokinetics of L-2'-Fd4C in rhesus monkeys was evaluated after intravenous and oral administration. The concentrations in plasma declined in a biexponential manner after intravenous administration, with a long terminal-phase half-life of 5.02 h. The steady-state volumes of distribution and systemic clearance were 1.09 liter x kg(-1) and 0.25 liter x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively, with a renal clearance of 0.16 liter x h(-1) x kg(-1). The oral bioavailability was approximately 44%. About 53% of the compound administered intravenously and 19% of that administered orally were recovered unchanged in the urine within the 24-h urine collection period, and no other metabolite was detected. The compound penetrated the central nervous system at concentrations that exceeded the median effective antiviral concentration against HIV in cell cultures. Based upon these observations, further testing to develop this agent for treatment of HIV and HBV infections is warranted.
High speed all-optical PRBS generation using binary phase shift keyed signal based on QD-SOA (2014)

A scheme to generate return-to-zero on-off keying (RZ-OOK) high speed all-optical pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) using binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) signal based on quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOA) has been designed and studied. The PRBS is generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) composed of all-optical logic XOR and AND gates. The XOR gate is composed of a pair of QD SOA Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which can generate BSPK signal to realize all-optical logic XOR gate. Results show that this scheme can mitigate the patterning effects and increase the operation speed to ~250Gb/s.
Epothilone B (Epo-B) analogue BMS-247550 (NSC #710428) administered every 21 days in patients (pts) with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). A Southwest Oncology Group Study (S0111) (2004)

4510 Background: The epothilones are a new class of non-taxane tubulin polymerizing agents with activity both in taxane-sensitive and resistant tumor models. This Phase II trial with a 2-stage design evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of Epo-B in pts with metastatic HRPC. Methods: Eligible pts had chemotherapy-naive metastatic HRPC, a Zubrod performance status 0–2, and adequate organ function. All patients received Epo-B (40 mg /m2) over 3 hours every 3 weeks. Disease was assessed after every 2 cycles. The primary end point was rate of PSA response (greater or equal to 50% decrease below baseline with stable or better objective disease). Results: Two-stage accrual was completed in November, 2003. Of the 48 registered pts 41 were eligible with a median age of 74 years. To date complete data is available for the 28 pts registered to the first stage (22 analyzable, 5 ineligible, 1 did not receive protocol specified treatment). Grade (G) 3 and 4 toxicities occurred in 11 and 1(neutropenia) pts, respectively. The most frequent G3 toxicities were fatigue (3 pts) and sensory neuropathy (3 pts). There were 9 PSA responses (41%, 8 confirmed and 1 unconfirmed, 95% CI 21–64%). Ten of the 22 pts had measurable disease and 3/10 had an objective response (30%, 1 unconfirmed complete and 2 unconfirmed partial responses). The estimated median progression free survival was 8 months (95% CI 6–11 months) and the estimated 1-year survival was 75%. The median survival was not reached at this time. Final results on all patients will be presented. Conclusions: Early results from this multicenter trial indicate that BMS-247550 has activity in patients with metastatic HRPC. Supported by CTEP. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb
Intraspecific variations in finback (<i>B. physalus</i>) 20-Hz doublets: An acoustic multipath interpretation. (1996)

Biologists have pointed to differences in received calls as evidence for some separation in finback populations in different locations [Watkins et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1901–1912 (1987)]. More specifically, it has been concluded by Thompson et al. that the unique finback doublet interpulse intervals recorded in the Gulf of California constitute corroborating evidence for the hypothesis that ‘‘Gulf of California fin whales may be a separate population, distinct from fin whales in nearby Pacific regions’’ [Thompson et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 3051–3057 (1992)]. An alternative explanation is offered—that regional differences in finback doublet interpulse intervals may be accounted for by differences in acoustic propagation conditions. In this work, a broadband acoustic propagation code is combined with an empirically derived geoacoustic seafloor model for the purpose of interpreting finback doublet sequences recorded in the northern Gulf of California by Thompson et al. in 1987 [ibid.]. The result is that for ranges less than 30 km, it is possible to explain the appearance of the finback doublet in terms of multipath propagation through the water column and the seafloor. Further, the interpulse delay is demonstrated to be strongly range dependent. Scientists might consider the possibility that finbacks make use of multipath intervals to estimate distances to other finbacks, perhaps for reasons related to social behavior.
Asymmetric synthesis based on 1,3-oxathianes. 4. Mechanism of asymmetric induction in the reactions of oxathianyl ketones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis based on 1,3-oxathianes. 4. Mechanism of asymmetric induction in the reactions of oxathianyl ketonesStephen V. Frye and Ernest L. ElielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2, 484–489Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00210a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00210a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views617Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EDFA for SCM transmission systems (2002)

Recently, the application of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) to access networks with an analogue subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) transmission technique has been investigated. For CATV systems, the EDFAs need to maintain their low noise and distortion characteristics without using high quality but expensive optical components. We examine noise and distortion characteristics of EDFAs with low cost ordinary optical components (e.g. a single-stage isolator with a modest amount of polarisation mode dispersion (PMD), a fused wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) with some polarisation dependent loss (PDL)), which are readily available, and show, for the first time, that EDFAs with optical components of less stringent requirements can be applied to the above mentioned systems without incurring noticeable performance degradation. This study suggests that the mass production of inexpensive EDFAs for AM-CATV access networks is quite feasible.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYLPROPANOATES USING METHYL METHYLTHIOMETHYL SULFOXIDE (1980)

Abstract Lithiiertes Methylthiomethyl‐methylsulfoxid (II) wird an Ketone (I) addiert und direkt mit Acetanhydrid zu den Estern (IV) acyliert.
Monoscopic Versus Stereoscopic Photography in Screening for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (2006)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether monoscopic photography could serve as an accurate tool when used to screen for clinically significant macular edema. In a masked randomized fashion, two readers evaluated monoscopic and stereoscopic retinal photographs of 100 eyes. The photographs were evaluated first individually for probable clinically significant macular edema based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria and then as stereoscopic pairs. Graders were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity individually and in combination. Individually, reader one had a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.77, and reader two had a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.94. In combination, the readers had a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.86. They correlated on 0.76 of the stereoscopic readings and 0.92 of the monoscopic readings. These results indicate that the use of monoscopic retinal photography may be an accurate screening tool for clinically significant macular edema.
Identification of a nonproductive, cell-associated form of measles virus by its resistance to inhibition by recombinant human interferon (1987)

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal disease in children and young adults that is caused by persistent infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by a nonproductive, cell-associated form of measles virus. Using an experimental model for SSPE (LEC viral strain in newborn hamsters), we have shown previously that establishment of such CNS infections involves selective elimination from the CNS of productively infected cells by host defensive mechanisms, coupled with the selective sparing of cells carrying nonproductive viral forms. That interferon (IFN) may play a role in this process was suggested by the disappearance of productively infected cells from the CNS tissues prior to the appearance of antiviral antibodies and by the demonstration of cell-associated, IFN-resistant viral variants in the virus stocks that were used. Results of this study support these conclusions by showing that similar IFN-resistant viral variants are present in the HBS strain of SSPE-derived measles virus and that these variants, in the presence of IFN, have properties that are similar to those of naturally occurring cell-associated strains of SSPE viruses, e.g., DR, IP3, and Biken. These IFN-resistant forms of HBS virus were isolated and were shown to maintain their resistance to inhibition by IFN after cloning. However, on removal of IFN, they reverted to productive forms similar to the parental HBS virus. The potential role of such viral forms in the pathogenesis of SSPE is discussed.
Paths of Enterprise: The Future of the Small Business. (1992)

Roger Burrows, University of Surrey John Stanworth and Celia Stanworth, both at the Polytechnic of Central London Robin Ward, Nottingham Business School Alan Felstead, Nuffield College, Oxford Steve Johnson, Leeds Polytechnic Shelia Allen, University of Bradford Carole Truman, Leverhulme Trust Ray Oakey, Heriot-Watt University Business School Martin Binks, University of Nottingham