gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of stannic(IV) complexes: Their structural elucidation in solid and solution state and antimicrobial activity (2007)

Abstract A series of organotin(IV) thiocarboxylates have been synthesized with the general formula R 2 SnL 2 and R 3 SnL (R = Ph 2 (I), Me 3 (II), n‐Bu 3 (III), Ph 3 (IV), Cy 3 (V), Me 2 (VI), n‐Bu 2 (VII), and L = piperidine‐1‐thiocarboxylic acid) in anhydrous toluene under the reflux conditions. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, mass spectrometry, and XRD. NMR data revealed that thiocarboxylic acid acts as bidentate, and complexes exhibit the four‐coordinated geometry in solution state. In solid state, diorganotin complexes exhibit the hexa‐coordinated geometry whereas the triorganotin(IV) compounds show the five‐coordinated geometry. These complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity along with the ligand against different animals, plant pathogens, and Artemia salina . All complexes with few exceptions show high activity as compared to the ligand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:664–674, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20380
Analysis of an Impinging Two-Dimensional Jet (2005)

Heat transfer in jet impingement is a complicated phenomenon and a general analytical solution is not available. Typical jet impingement studies are conducted experimentally and best-fit correlations are proposed (Beitelmal, Saad, and Patel [2]; Beitelmal [3]; Beitelmal, Saad, and Patel [4]; Schauer and Eustis [7]; McMurray, Myers, and Uyehara [8], Gardon and Akfirat [9]). Separate solutions for the stagnation region and the wall jet region are then combined to determine the overall heat transfer solution for the impinging jet. In this paper, stagnation and wall jet region solutions for a two-dimensional jet normally impinging on a flat surface are developed using heat transfer relations available in the literature. These solutions are analyzed and compared to previous experimental results (Beitelmal, Saad, and Patel [2]; Beitelmal [3]). The potential flow assumption is used for the fluid dynamics analysis at the stagnation region. For the wall jet region, a comparison was achieved through consideration of the classical analytical solution for parallel flow over a flat plate. Analytical solutions as well as semiempirical solutions for the stagnation region and the wall jet reported by previous investigators were also considered. Predictions for heat transfer in the stagnation region using potential flow assumptions were found to be accurate to within 20%. For the wall jet region, previous correlations predicted by McMurray, Myers, and Uyehara [8] and Nizou [10] were found to be the most accurate. At large values of x∕D, the heat transfer properties in the wall jet are shown to be very similar to those of a turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate. Such a simplified analysis in different regions of an impinging jet using some basic fluid dynamics assumptions can greatly facilitate a prediction of the local Nusselt number.
Quantitative relationship of Treponema denticola to severity of periodontal disease (1988)

The Treponema denticola content of plaque was quantitatively estimated for samples taken from periodontitis patients as well as periodontally healthy subjects among two separate human populations. The populations studied included military volunteers and civilians at a university dental clinic. The plaque samples from each population were grouped according to pocket depth measurements at the collection site. A biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure was developed with a monoclonal antibody specific for a serovariety of T. denticola. T. denticola was present at significantly elevated levels in plaque samples collected from deep-pocket sites of patients with severe periodontitis relative to the healthy controls and a group with moderate disease. The ratio of T. denticola content per milligram of plaque in the deep pocket groups to that of the other two groups was about 2:1 for both populations. This is the first quantitative evidence of a positive relationship between a specific spirochete species and severe periodontitis.
Joalin, the first nitrogen-containing xenicane diterpene isolated from a brown seaweed collected off the Senegalese coast (1993)

G. Guella, I. N'Diaye, G. Chiasera and F. Pietra, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1545 DOI: 10.1039/P19930001545
Temporal bone pathology in scuba diving deaths (1993)

Scuba diving has long been associated with otologic injuries; however, little is known about temporal bone pathology in diving-related deaths. We examined 18 temporal bones from 11 divers who died, primarily from complications of rapid ascent. Bleeding into the middle ear and mastoid air cells was nearly universal. Inner ear damage included hemorrhage around Reissner's membrane and the round window membrane and rupture of the utricle and saccule. Most of the observed inner ear damage was not surgically treatable.
On Convention and Coherence (2018)

A bedrock principle in pragmatics is that the linguistic signals produced by speakers generally underdetermine the meanings that are communicated to interpreters. For Grice, for instance, utterance meaning lies close to what is overtly encoded, allowing only for the resolution of indexicals, tense, reference, and ambiguity. Lepore and Stone (L&S) agree, but with a stunning twist: they analyze all extrasemantic content as being derived from ambiguity resolution, leaving no work for Gricean tools. Despite significant areas of concurrence with L&S, we ultimately find their analysis to be untenable. To establish this, we focus on a form of pragmatic enrichment that recruits coherence establishment processes to apply within the clause—‘eliciture’—for which we see no credible analysis in terms of ambiguity resolution. We argue that an adequate account of language understanding must recognize the robust roles of both ambiguity resolution and pragmatic enrichment, using tense interpretation as a case study.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of DNA Damage (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface segregation in polymer blends: a Monte Carlo simulation (1992)

A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of surface enrichment in polymer blends is presented. The algorithm introduced by Madden is used in this simulation, in which a compressible blend is condensed against a solid wall, with the surface of the blend forming an interface with holes (or solvent) that is parallel to the wall. Three regimes in the mixture are thus recognized: the interface at the wall, the bulk regime, and the interface with the vacuum (or solvent) at the surface of the mixture. Under certain conditions, enrichment of one of the components is observed, both at the surface and close to the wall. We find that the surface enrichment even in systems with the same cohesive energy in both components is driven byintermacromolecular interaction and asymmetric composition effects. A smaller part of the driving force arises from the difference in coil sizes between components, with the surface layer of the blend containing an excess of the component with the smaller coil size. A difference in coil sizes in a mixture containing polymers of equal chain length occurs in systems of asymmetric composition and with favorable interaction between components: in this case the majority chains act as a favorable solvent for the minority chains. In such asymmetric compositions, the minority chains move from the surface layers into the more favorable bulk regime. The results are compared with recent mean-field (MF) theory predictions and with those of available experiments. An important finding is that this type of segregation in miscible blends can occur well within the one-phase region of the phase diagram aswell asat its more expected location close to the binodal region.
Structural Stabilization of Tissue for Embryo Phenotyping Using Micro-CT with Iodine Staining (2013)

The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium has been established to conduct large-scale phenotyping of the approximately 23,000 single-gene knockout mice generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium to investigate the role of each gene in the mouse genome. Of the generated mouse lines, 30% are predicted to be embryonic lethal, requiring the implementation of imaging techniques and analysis tools specific to late gestation mouse embryo phenotyping. A well-adopted technique combines the use of iodinated contrast solutions and micro-computed tomography imaging. This simple iodine immersion technique provides superior soft-tissue contrast enhancement, however, the hypertonic nature of iodine promotes dehydration causing moderate to severe tissue deformation. Here, we combine the stabilizing properties of a hydrogel mesh with the enhanced contrast properties of iodine. The protocol promotes cross linking of tissue through formaldehyde fixation and the linking of hydrogel monomers to biomolecules. As a result, the hydrogel supports tissue structure and preserves its conformation taking advantage of iodine-enhanced soft tissue contrast to produce high quality mouse embryo images with minimal tissue distortion. Hydrogel stabilization substantially reduces intersample anatomical variation of mature mouse embryos subjected to iodine preparation protocols. A 20% and 50% reduction in intersample variation of normalized brain and lung volume is achieved through hydrogel stabilization, as well as a 20% reduction in variation in overall embryo anatomy as measured through image registration methods. This increases the sensitivity of computer automated analysis to reveal significant anatomical differences between mutant and wild-type mice.
Fluorescence anisotropy and transient absorption of halogenated silicon(IV) phthalocyanines with axial poly(ethylene-glycol) substituents (2005)

Herein we report the utilization of fluorescence anisotropy to give rough hints on the conformation of three halogenated silicon-phthalocyanines with axially substituted polyethyleneglycol chains in solution. To deconvolute decay data sets from the instrumental response function a scanning fit algorithm was used, which facilitates the visualization of fitting accuracy and correlation of parameters of the assumed decay function. Moreover, to extend our investigation of photophysical properties in the nonlinear domain, the transient absorption in the picosecond range was measured and thus excited state absorption spectra are presented.
Human surfactant protein A (SP-A) variants: why so many, why such a complexity? (2001)

Human surfactant protein A (SP-A) exhibits extensive complexity at several levels: genetic, transcript (splicing), protein, and composition and size of protein oligomers. Its multiple and important roles in innate host defense, regulation of inflammation, and in aspects of pulmonary surfactant may have necessitated such a complexity from an evolutionary point of view. Moreover, understanding of such a complexity may be useful in the study of disease pathogenesis and the development of disease diagnostics and/or therapeutics.
<i>lacZ</i> Reporter System for Use in <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2010)

Regulation of gene expression is critical for the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi to adapt to different environments during its natural infectious cycle. Reporter genes have been used successfully to study gene regulation in multiple organisms. We have introduced a lacZ gene into B. burgdorferi, and we show that B. burgdorferi produces a protein with detectable β-galactosidase activity in both liquid and solid media when lacZ is expressed from a constitutive promoter. Furthermore, when lacZ is expressed from the ospC promoter, β-galactosidase activity is detected only in B. burgdorferi clones that express ospC, and it accurately monitors endogenous gene expression. The addition of lacZ to the repertoire of genetic tools available for use in B. burgdorferi should contribute to a better understanding of how B. burgdorferi gene expression is regulated during the infectious cycle.
Design and criteria of electrospun fibrous scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injury (2017)

The complex pathophysiology of spinal cord injury may explain the current lack of an effective therapeutic approach for the regeneration of damaged neuronal cells and the recovery of motor functions. Many efforts have been performed to design and develop suitable scaffolds for spinal cord regeneration, keeping in mind that the reconstruction of a pro-regenerative environment is the key challenge for an effective neurogenesis. The aim of this review is to outline the main features of an ideal scaffold, based on biomaterials, produced by the electrospinning technique and intended for the spinal cord regeneration. An overview of the polymers more investigated in the production of neural fibrous scaffolds is also provided.
Mobile augmented reality (2012)

As mobile devices are enhanced with more sensors, powerful embedded cameras, and increased processing power and features, new user experiences become possible. A good example is the recent emergence of Augmented Reality (AR) applications that are designed for personal use while people are on-the-go. However, designing effective and usable AR experiences for mobile devices poses challenges for the design process. In this paper we outline reasons why simulating a compelling, mobile AR experience with sufficient veracity for effective formative design is a challenge, and present our work on prototyping and evaluation techniques for mobile AR. An experiment within the context of an ongoing design project (Friend Radar) is presented along with resulting findings and guidelines. We reflect on the benefits and drawbacks of low, mixed and high fidelity prototypes for mobile AR by framing them into a set of analytic categories extracted from the existing literature on prototyping and design.
Dynamic Modeling of Capsule Separator for Control of Hydraulic Capsule Pipelines (1999)

Hydraulic capsule pipelines concepts are novel as compared to existing commercial pipeline systems. The complexity of such novel systems places greater demands on sensing, automation, and control strategy design for such systems as compared to existing commercial pipeline systems. These issues, as well as hydraulic design automation and control strategies, are reported. A novel capsule separator design has also been proposed to ensure reliable functioning of ‘booster’ stations for such pipelines. Detailed dynamic modeling of the proposed capsule separator is performed for generating design and control guidelines. Validation of the overall hydraulic capsule pipeline design and control, and limited validation of the proposed capsule separator subsystem, are provided using a prototype hardware computer controlled pipeline model.
A New Method to Utilize a Motorized Shaver in Hip Arthroscopy Without the Use of a Cannula (2005)

This article describes an effective and safe method of motorized shaver placement during hip arthroscopy without the use of a conventional cannula. With this technique, the arthroscopist has greater freedom in maneuvering the shaver in and around the hip joint. This method allows for reproducible placement of the shaver in all 3 portals of the hip.
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Arterial Wall Hypertrophy Are Associated With Disturbed Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (1999)

To investigate the effects of fasting and postprandial glucose on endothelial cell function and intima-media thickness, we studied 60 men with cardiovascular risk factors. Postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was measured after 3 minutes of ischemia at the radial artery with high-resolution echo tracking. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasound. Glucose tolerance was determined by a 75-g oral glucose load. Fasting glucose levels were inversely correlated with postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (r=-0.24, P<0.05) and directly correlated with intima-media thickness (r=0.26, P<0.05). However, postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and intima-media thickness were not correlated. All subjects with normal postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation also had a normal intima-media thickness, whereas some subjects with impaired postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation also had a normal intima-media thickness. Multiple regression analysis revealed a profound influence of age on intima-media thickness to the exclusion of all other variables. The same age-adjusted analysis for postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation accepted fasting glucose, followed by 2-hour postprandial glucose, as variables, but no others. Subjects with fasting glucose values >100 mg/dL showed reduced postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (59 versus 120 microm, P<0.05) and a higher intima-media thickness (right: 0.76 versus 0.62 mm, P<0.05; left: 0.78 versus 0.63 mm, P<0. 05) compared with those with fasting glucose values <100 mg/dL. Subjects with 2-hour postprandial glucose values >125 mg/dL had no reduced postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation compared with subjects with a 2-hour postprandial glucose <125 mg/dL; however, their intima-media thickness (right: 0.66 versus 0.62 mm; left: 0. 68 versus 0.62 mm; P<0.05 for both) was greater. Thus, high fasting rather than postprandial glucose values are associated with both postischemic, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and increased intima-media thickness. Postischemic endothelium-dependent vasodilatation may precede increased intima-media thickness.
Editorial Comment: 2014 International Hip Society Proceedings (2015)

We hope you enjoy reading our selection of papers delivered at the November 2014 meeting of the International Hip Society in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This meeting brought together a group of 100 world renowned experts in hip surgery, who reflected on current and ongoing hip research.Figure: Michael Leunig MDFigure: Reinhold Ganz MDTotal hip replacement is currently one of the most successful procedures surgeons perform. While this operation works well for patients 65 years of age and older, patients under the age of 50 do not appear to do as well. Avoiding, or at least delaying, the occurrence of osteoarthritis in the younger age group could make a substantial difference in the lives of our younger patients. During the last decades, we have dramatically improved our understanding of the causes of hip osteoarthritis. About 50 years ago, surgeons observed that childhood diseases such as Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and hip dysplasia caused deformities resulting in early osteoarthritis of the hip. With the recent identification of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a fundamental factor causing osteoarthritis, especially in the hips of Caucasian patients, joint-damaging factors have been described and treatment concepts have evolved—particularly in younger patients. In fact, FAI is not one kind of pathoanatomy, but several. We are beginning to understand how numerous, complex, and overlapping hip deformities may predispose some patients to later arthritis. Future research - as well as some that is in progress right now—may help us to delay or prevent arthritis in these patients. For patients with advanced osteoarthritis, total hip replacement remains undoubtedly the most sustainable option currently available. However, it should be noted that while implant materials and design remain in continuous evolution, not all previously introduced concepts have been successful. For example, large femoral heads and hard-on-hard bearings (mainly metal-on-metal) used to address shortcomings of previous total hip replacement such as dislocation and wear, have caused new, unexpected, and even catastrophic adverse reactions not previously known (aseptic, lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion, taper corrosion, and fretting come to mind). Additional research may help us to diagnose and treat patients with these problems, and to design implants less likely to cause them.
Infectious DNA from Cells Infected with Rous Sarcoma Virus, Reticuloendotheliosis Virus or Rous-associated Virus-0 (1974)

We have described an efficient and quantitative assay for infectious DNA of the avian ribodeoxyviruses and have applied this method to study the possible existence of infectious viral DNAs in uninfected cells. Infectious DNA from cells infected with RSV or REV consisted of a single unit of DNA with a specific infectivity of 10(-5)-10(-6). The minimum molecular weight of RSV DNA required for infection of chicken cells was about 6 million, while the minimum molecular weight of infectious REV DNA was about 20 million. This difference may reflect complementation of the RSV DNA by endogenous avian leukosis virus-related DNA in uninfected chicken cells. Uninfected chicken cells do not contain infectious DNA for an REV, nor for a strongly transforming or a nontransforming avian leukosis virus.
Inhibition of Multiplication of Lee Influenza Virus by Canavanine. (1955)

The amino acid, L-canavanine, has been found to inhibit the multiplication of the Lee influenza virus in the chick embryo and even more effectively in tissue culture. It had no direct inactivating effect on the virus. and did not interfere demonstrably with the adsorption of the virus to the host cells. It did not interfere with respiration of the host cells. In tissue culture the inhibitory effect of the compound on the growth of the virus was completely reversed by L-arginine. The implications of these observations with respect to the possible mechanism of inhibition are discussed.
Trellis coded modulation based distributed channel coding (2009)

A novel technique is described for distributed channel coding in wireless communication networks. The protocol is based on a block fading model of the multi-user uplink channel and on adapting multidimensional trellis coded modulation techniques to a coding theorem derived for the block fading channel. The coded modulation (CM) protocol is designed to optimise code performance, especially at high spectral efficiencies. The CM protocol is very simple to implement at the cooperating users. Complexity is completely transferred to the destination. The latency of the protocol is only one symbol. The CM protocol achieves full diversity order equal to the number of cooperating users and maximises coding gains by designing the code for the specific modulation used. We derive analytical results and present simulation results showing the benefits of CM protocol over other comparable schemes.
Charged particle orbits in helical magnetic fields (1980)

It is shown that the radial motion of a charged particle moving in a helical coil may be described in terms of motion in a one-dimensional potential, the potential being related to a suitable average of the components of the magnetic field. An explicit form for this potential is given. Good agreement is found with numerical orbit calculations.