gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Reactivity of Amphetamine Analogues with Roche Abuscreen Radioimmunoassay Reagents (1990)

Cross-reactivity of amphetamine analogues with the Abuscreen amphetamine radioimmunoassay reagents was determined for both the standard and high specificity antibody systems. Compounds tested included 2-methoxyamphetamine, 4-hydroxymethamphetamine, 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (BDMPEA), 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), N,N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-OH MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine (mescaline). Blank negative reference material was spiked with 1,000 to 100,000 ng/mL of the amphetamine analogue and used as sample in the assays. MDA was the only analogue that showed cross reactivity equal to or greater than that of amphetamine. None of the other analogue compounds demonstrated a positive result at even the highest concentration; however several showed depressed counts at various concentration levels.
Performance analysis of long-lived transaction processing systems with rollbacks and aborts (1996)

Increasing the parallelism in transaction processing and maintaining data consistency appear to be two conflicting goals in designing distributed database systems (DDBSs). This problem is especially difficult if the DDBS is serving long-lived transactions (LLTs). A special case of LLTs, called sagas, has been introduced that addresses this problem. A DDBS with sagas provides high parallelism to transactions by allowing sagas to release their locks as early as possible. However, it is also subject to an overhead, due to the efforts needed to restore data consistency in the case of failure. We conduct a series of simulation studies to compare the performance of LLT systems with and without saga implementation in a faulty environment. The studies show that saga systems outperform their nonsaga counterparts under most of conditions, including heavy failure cases. We thus propose an analytical queuing model to investigate the performance behavior of saga systems. The development of this analytical model assists us to quantitatively study the performance penalty of a saga implementation due to the failure recovery overhead. Furthermore, the analytical solution can be used by system administrators to fine-tune the performance of a saga system. This analytical model captures the primary aspects of a saga system, namely data locking, resource contention and failure recovery. Due to the complicated nature of the analytical modeling, we solve the model approximately for various performance metrics using decomposition methods, and validate the accuracy of the analytical results via simulations.
Predicting recurring crash stacks (2012)

Software crash is one of the most severe bug manifestations and developers want to fix crash bugs quickly and efficiently. The Crash Reporting System (CRS) is widely deployed for this purpose. Even with the help of CRS, fixes are largely by manual effort, which is error-prone and results in recurring crashes even after the fixes. Our empirical study reveals that 48% of fixed crashes in Firefox CRS are recurring mostly due to incomplete or missing fixes. It is desirable to automatically check if a crash fix misses some reported crash traces at the time of the first fix. This paper proposes an automatic technique to predict recurring crash traces. We first extract stack traces and then compare them with bug fix locations to predict recurring crash traces. Evaluation using the real Firefox crash data shows that the approach yields reasonable accuracy in prediction of recurring crashes. Had our technique been deployed earlier, more than 2,225 crashes in Firefox 3.6 could have been avoided.
Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing (1998)

Signal processing is a broad and timeless area. The term "signal" includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical, and more. Signal processing applies to the theory and application of filtering, coding, transmitting, estimating, detecting, analyzing, recognizing, synthesizing, recording, and reproducing signals. Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing a must-have reference for all engineering professionals involved in signal and image processing. Collecting the most useful formulas and tables - such as integral tables, formulas of algebra, formulas of trigonometry - the text includes:Material for the deterministic and statistical signal processing areasExamples explaining the use of the given formulaNumerous definitionsMany figures that have been added to special chaptersHandbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing brings together - in one textbook - all the equations necessary for signal and image processing for professionals transforming anything from a physical to a manipulated form, creating a new standard for any person starting a future in the broad, extensive area of research.
An Equal-Area Map Projection For Polyhedral Globes (1992)

Numerous polyhedral shapes have been proposed as approximations for globes, and the projection most often used is the Gnomonic, with considerable scale and area distortion. Complicated conformal projections have been designed, but an equal-area projection has been used only once, for the icosahedron. The Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection can be modified to provide an exactly fitting, perfectly equal-area projection for any polyhedral globe that has regular polygons, but is most satisfactory for the dodecahedron with 12 pentagons and for the truncated icosahedron with 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons. On the application to the truncated icosahedron, the angular deformation does not exceed 3.75°, and the scale variation is less than 3.3 percent. These advantages are at the expense of increased interruptions at the polygon edges when the polyhedral globe is unfolded. On a proposé de nombreuses formes polyédriques comme approximation de globes et la projection gnomonique est la plus souvent utilisée, avec de considérables distortions d'échelles et de superficies. On a conçu des projections conformes compliquées, mais on n'a utilisé qu'une seule fois une projection équivalente pour l'icosaèdre. La projection équivalente azimutale de Lambert peut être modifiée pour permettre un ajustement exact, parfaitement équivalent pour tout globe polyédrique dote de polygones réguliers, mais elle est plus que satisfaisante pour le dodécaèdre à douze pentagones et pour l'icosaèdre tronqué à vingt hexagones et douze pentagones. Dans l'application de l'icosaèdre tronqué, la déformation angulaire ne dépasse pas 3.75° et la variation d'échelle est inférieure à 3.3 pour cent. Ces avantages s'obtiennent aux dépens d'une augmentation des interruptions aux limites des polygones, lorsque l'on déplie le globe polyédrique.
Regional geochemistry of the Northern Highlands of Scotland (1979)

Summary The distribution of trace-elements between the Lewisian basement and the Caledonian cover-formations can be assessed from regional geochemical maps based on stream-sediment sampling. The Lewisian basement is characterised by depletion in heat-producing elements, U, K, Rb, and in Pb, Be and by high values of Sr, Mg and first row transition elements. The range of Zr, Ba, B and Y levels are comparable with those over the Moine. Regional variations relate to crustal level and to the presence of zones of high deformation. Anomalies for Mo, Zr and U are associated with granite and pegmatites in some of these zones. Within the Moine nappe the zone of tectonically emplaced Lewisian slices divides an area where the bulk geochemistry is consistent with that of continental arkoses—the Morar Division—from the Glenfinnan and Loch Eil divisions which have geochemical characteristics closer to those of greywacke facies. No other geochemical discontinuity has been recognised in the Moine but the boundary with the Dalradian is marked by an increase in boron. Clear misfits of element distribution across the Great Glen fault are apparent but the data so far available could be interpreted in terms of either sinistral or dextral displacement.
Metamaterials in microstrip technology for filter applications (2005)

In this work, backward (or left handed (LH)) transmission lines in microstrip technology are designed and fabricated. To this end, the line is periodically loaded with square shaped split ring resonators (SRR), etched in close proximity to the conductor strip, and via holes. The SRR provide the negative effective permeability, /spl mu/, to the medium in a narrow band above their resonant frequency, whereas the metallic vias act as shunt connected inductors that make the structure behave as a microwave plasma with negative permittivity, /spl epsiv/, up to the plasma frequency. It is shown that in that region where both /spl mu/ and /spl epsiv/ are simultaneously negative, left handed wave propagation is allowed. Since this occurs in a narrow band above SRR resonance, and the period of the structure is electrically small, these metamaterial transmission lines can be of interest for filter applications where miniaturization and narrow pass bands are pursued.
Basis for low affinity binding of a lysosomal cysteine protease to the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. (1990)

In cultured mouse fibroblasts, secretion of the lysosomal cysteine protease, MEP (major excreted protein) is regulated by growth factors and viral transformation. The ability of this protein to be regulated has been attributed to its intrinsic low affinity for the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor (Dong, J., Prence, E. M., and Sahagian, G. G. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7377-7383). In this study, the basis for this low affinity was examined. Chromatography on a cation-independent Man-6-P receptor affinity matrix was used to assess relative affinities of Man-6-P-containing oligosaccharides and proteins, and the state of phosphorylation of the oligosaccharides was determined by ion exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex. MEP proteins synthesized by normal NIH 3T3 cells or NIH cells transformed with Kirsten sarcoma virus displayed a similar low affinity for the receptor and were found to possess oligosaccharide species with two phosphomonoester moieties. The affinity of these oligosaccharides for the receptor was the same as intact MEP protein and as great as phosphorylated oligosaccharides obtained from lysosomal proteins with the usual high affinity for the receptor. These results indicate that the polypeptide portion of MEP has no effect on binding of the protein to the receptor and that the difference in affinity of MEP and lysosomal proteins with high affinity cannot be attributed to differences in oligosaccharide structure. To investigate this further, we examined the binding characteristics of MEP made by CHO cells. In contrast to mouse MEP, CHO MEP bound to the receptor with high affinity. Partial endoglycosidase H treatment indicated that CHO MEP has two phosphorylated oligosaccharides, whereas the mouse protein has only one. Both oligosaccharides of the CHO cell protein contained two phosphomonoester moieties and displayed an affinity for the receptor that was indistinguishable from that of oligosaccharides of the mouse protein. Conversion of CHO MEP to a one-oligosaccharide species by partial endoglycosidase H treatment produced a protein that displayed low affinity binding similar to that of mouse MEP. A substantial portion of the pool of CHO cell lysosomal protein was also converted to a low affinity ligand by this treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that high affinity binding to the cation-independent receptor involves a divalent interaction with lysosomal proteins that contain two or more phosphorylated oligosaccharides, and that the low affinity of MEP results from an inability to form this multivalent interaction.
Accurate Simulation Of Power Dissipation In VLSI Circuits (2005)

It becomes increasingly more important to reduce the power dissipation as the number of devices in VLSI increases. Accurate simulation of power dissipation is desirable while circuits are analyzed with circuit simulators such as SPICE. An accurate method is presented for simulating the power dissipation with use of a dependent current source and a parallel RC circuit. The steady-state voltage across the capacitor reads the average power drawn from the supply voltage source. Simulation results are shown for CMOS circuits.
Species specificity in the metabolism of nabilone. Relationship between toxicity and metabolic routes (1987)

The disposition of 14C-nabilone has been examined in dogs and monkeys; it is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized in both species. A metabolic pathway initiated by the stereoselective enzymic reduction of the 9-keto moiety of nabilone was of major importance in the biotransformation of nabilone in the dog but was only a minor pathway in the monkey. The resulting long half-lived carbinol metabolites accounted for 77% of the circulating 14C in dog but for only 19% in monkey, 48 h after drug administration. Accumulation of carbinol metabolites in brain tissue was observed in dogs, with 24 h brain concentrations being five to six times higher than the plasma concentrations. No accumulation of carbinol metabolites, nabilone or of 14C occurred in the brain of monkeys. Accumulation of the carbinol metabolites in brain tissue has been implicated as the causative factor for the CNS toxicity observed in dogs treated chronically with nabilone. Comparison of nabilone pharmacokinetics in dog and humans showed the dog to be unique in producing high levels of carbinol metabolites, so that monkey appeared to be a more appropriate model than dog for pre-clinical toxicological and safety studies. Studies with liver 15,000 g supernatants indicated that the enzymic reduction of nabilone to its carbinol metabolite was a viable metabolic pathway in rat, dog and monkey, so that a distinct species difference exists between dog and monkey in the subsequent metabolism and/or elimination of these carbinol metabolites.
Vitrification of human blastocysts with the Hemi-Straw carrier: application of assisted hatching after thawing (2003)

Artificial opening of the zona pellucida after warming of vitrified blastocysts significantly improved the rate of transfers with hatched blastocysts and the implantation and pregnancy rates. The percentage of blastocysts that survived the HS vitrification procedure and were available for embryo transfer is related to their previous developmental quality.
Morphine insensitive allodynia is produced by intrathecal strychnine in the lightly anesthetized rat (1994)

The acute blockade of spinal glycinergic inhibition with intrathecal strychnine (i.t. STR; a glycine antagonist) in rats induces a change in somatosensory processing which is very similar to the sensory dysesthesia of clinical neural injury pain. In the present study, the effects of i.t. STR were examined in urethane-anesthetized rats. Noxious paw pinch (PP) or tail immersion (TI) in 55 degree C water evoked a pronounced pressor response, increased heart rate (HR) and desynchronized the electroencephalogram; a non-noxious, hair deflection (HD) elicited only minor cardiovascular responses. After i.t. STR (40 micrograms), an identical HD stimulus evoked markedly enhanced cardiovascular responses, resembling those evoked by noxious stimuli, and a HD-evoked motor withdrawal was observed. Consistent STR-dependent responses were only observed if a light plane of anesthesia was maintained for the duration of the experiment. The effects of i.t. STR were dose-dependent and reversible, lasting 15-30 min. Spinal morphine (50 micrograms) completely abolished the cardiovascular responses to PP and TI, but the HD-evoked, STR-dependent cardiovascular and motor withdrawal responses remained unchanged. In contrast, the non-selective excitatory amino acid antagonist, gamma-D-glutamylglycine (DGG; 50 micrograms) was effective in suppressing both the STR-dependent cardiovascular and motor withdrawal responses. These data suggest that STR-dependent responses evoked by non-noxious stimuli are mediated by mechanisms distinct from those of conventional noxious stimuli and that i.t. STR may be useful for investigating the spinal pharmacology of somatosensory processing following the loss of spinal glycinergic inhibition.
mrnas and a cloned histone gene are differentially expressed during anther and pollen development in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) (1989)

Spatial and temporal changes in the distribution of mRNA sequences during anther and pollen development in rice (Oryza sativa) were investigated by in situ hybridization with [3H]polyuridylic acid ([3H]poly(U)) and a cloned rice histone gene probe. Annealing of sections with [3H]poly(U) showed that poly(A)-containing RNA (poly(A)+RNA) was uniformly distributed in the cells of the anther primordium. During the formation of the archesporial initial, the primary parietal cell, the primary sporogenous cell and tapetum, there was no differential accumulation of poly(A)+RNA in their progenitor cells. Preparatory to meiosis, there was a sharp decrease in poly(A)+RNA concentration in the epidermis and middle layer of the anther wall, although the label persisted in the endothecium, tapetum and microsporocytes. Poly(A)+RNA concentration decreased in these cell types during meiosis and attained very low levels in the disintegrating tapetum and the persistent endothecium of the post-meiotic anther. Pollen development was characterized by the absence of [3H]poly(U) binding sites in the uninucleate microspores and by their presence in the vegetative and generative cells of the bicellular pollen grain. In anther sections hybridized with [3H]histone probe, gene expression was only detected in the endothecium of the premeiotic anther and in the bicellular pollen grains.
<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>: from Emerging to Established Pathogen (2002)

Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as Branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades. During this period, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed and improved for M. catarrhalis, allowing the adequate determination and taxonomic positioning of this pathogen. Over the same period, studies have revealed its involvement in respiratory (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia) and ocular infections in children and in laryngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia in adults. The development of (molecular) epidemiological tools has enabled the national and international distribution of M. catarrhalis strains to be established, and has allowed the monitoring of nosocomial infections and the dynamics of carriage. Indeed, such monitoring has revealed an increasing number of B-lactamase-positive M. catarrhalis isolates (now well above 90%), underscoring the pathogenic potential of this organism. Although a number of putative M. catarrhalis virulence factors have been identified and described in detail, their relationship to actual bacterial adhesion, invasion, complement resistance, etc. (and ultimately their role in infection and immunity), has been established in a only few cases. In the past 10 years, various animal models for the study of M. catarrhalis pathogenicity have been described, although not all of these models are equally suitable for the study of human infection. Techniques involving the molecular manipulation of M. catarrhalis genes and antigens are also advancing our knowledge of the host response to and pathogenesis of this bacterial species in humans, as well as providing insights into possible vaccine candidates. This review aims to outline our current knowledge of M. catarrhalis, an organism that has evolved from an emerging to a well-established human pathogen.
Self‐Assembling Peptide as a Potential Carrier for Hydrophobic Anticancer Drug Ellipticine: Complexation, Release and In Vitro Delivery (2008)

Abstract The self‐assembling peptide EAK16‐II is capable of stabilizing hydrophobic compounds to form microcrystal suspensions in aqueous solution. Here, the ability of this peptide to stabilize the hydrophobic anticancer agent ellipticine is investigated. The formation of peptide‐ellipticine suspensions is monitored with time until equilibrium is reached. The equilibration time is found to be dependent on the peptide concentration. When the peptide concentration is close to its critical aggregation concentration, the equilibration time is minimal at 5 h. With different combinations of EAK16‐II and ellipticine concentrations, two molecular states (protonated or cyrstalline) of ellipticine could be stabilized. These different states of ellipticine significantly affect the release kinetics of ellipticine from the peptide‐ellipticine complex into the egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles, which are used to mimic cell membranes. The transfer rate of protonated ellipticine from the complex to the vesicles is much faster than that of crystalline ellipticine. This observation may also be related to the size of the resulting complexes as revealed from the scanning electron micrographs. In addition, the complexes with protonated ellipticine are found to have a better anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines, A549 and MCF‐7. This work forms the basis for studies of the peptide‐ellipticine suspensions in vitro and in vivo leading to future development of self‐assembling peptide‐based delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
An efficient approach for large-scale two-dimensional guillotine cutting stock problems (1998)

We present an efficient method for solving approximately both constrained and unconstrained two-dimensional cutting stock problems. The algorithm guarantees a constant approximation ratio for some versions of the problem. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on several large-scale randomly generated problem instances and on many instances of the literature. Computational results show that our algorithm produces high-quality solutions within reasonable computational times.
Lewis acid catalysis of photochemical reactions. 4. Selective isomerization of cinnamic esters (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid catalysis of photochemical reactions. 4. Selective isomerization of cinnamic estersFrederick D. Lewis, Joe D. Oxman, Lester L. Gibson, Hilary L. Hampsch, and Suzanne L. QuillenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3005–3015Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1336Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts