gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Trametes versicolor</i> ligninase: Isozyme sequence homology and substrate specificity (1989)

The substrate specificity of three ligninase isozymes from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor has been investigated using stereochemically defined synthetic dimeric models for lignin. The isozymes have been found to attack non-phenolic beta-O-4 as well as beta-1 lignin model compounds. This finding confirms the classification of the isozymes from T. versicolor as ligninases. The amino-terminal residues of the three isozymes from T. versicolor have been determined using Edman degradation. Minor differences found between the sequences suggest the existence of several structural genes for ligninase in T versicolor. Comparisons have been made with the sequences of three previously reported ligninases from Phanerocompaete chrysosporium, another lignin-degrading fungus. One of the sequences from P. chrysosporium is distinctly more similar to the T. versicolor isozymes than to the other two sequences from P. chrysosporium.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiochemical Control in the Oxidative Coupling of Metal Phenolates: Highly Selective Synthesis of Symmetric, Hydroxylated Biaryls. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structures of the Lythraceae alkaloids lythrumine and acetyllythrumine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of the Lythraceae alkaloids lythrumine and acetyllythrumineHal. Wright, Jon. Clardy, and J. P. FerrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 19, 6467–6468Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00800a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00800a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Recyclable Catalyst with Cationic Phase Tags for the Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Bromides and Aryl Chlorides (2003)

The new phase-tagged phosphines 1-(CH2NEt3+), 4-(CH2P(1-Ad)2)C6H4·Br- and 1-(CH2PPh3+), 4-(CH2PH+(1-Ad)2)C6H4·2Br- were prepared in the reaction of 1-(CH2Br), 4-(CH2PH+(1-Ad)2)C6H4·Br- with Et3N or PPh3, respectively. The Pd(0)-phosphine catalysts formed on reaction of Na2PdCl4, CuI, phosphine, and acetylene are able to Sonogashira couple aryl bromides and aryl chlorides in high yields in DMSO or in DMSO/heptane mixtures. The products of the coupling reactions can be isolated from the DMSO solution by extraction with heptane or by separation of the product containing heptane solvent. The phase-tagged catalysts remain in the DMSO solution and can be reused for at least five consecutive coupling reactions. The catalysts retain their high activity throughout all cycles, as evidenced by the high reaction yields and, more importantly, by the almost constant turn-over frequency. Leaching of the catalyst into the product containing heptane solvent is negligible (>99.95% retention in the DMSO catalyst phase) as evidenced by TXRF and by photometric palladium determination.
Studies on the properties of hard-spectrum, actinide fissioning reactors. Final report (1980)

It is technically feasible to construct an operable (e.g., safe and stable) reactor to burn waste actinides rapidly. The heart of the concept is a driver core of EBR-II type, with a central radial target zone in which fuel elements, made entirely of waste actinides are exposed. This target fuel undergoes fission, as a result of which actinides are rapidly destroyed. Although the same result could be achieved in more conventionally designed LWR or LMFBR systems, the fast spectrum reactor does a much more efficient job, by virtue of the fact that in both LWR and LMFBR reactors, actinide fission is preceded by several captures before a fissile nuclide is formed. In the fast spectrum reactor that is called ABR (actinide burning reactor), these neutron captures are short-circuited.
Probing Li-ion Dynamics and Reactivity on the Nanoscale (2011)

Progress in development and optimization of energy storage and conversion materials necessitates understanding their ionic and electrochemical functionality on the nanometer scale level of single grain cluster, grain, or extended defect. Classical electrochemical strategies based on Faradaic current detection are fundamentally limited on the nanoscale. Here, we review principles and recent applications of Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM), a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique utilizing intrinsic coupling between ionic pehnomena and molar volumes. ESM imaging, as well as time and voltage spectroscopies, are illustrated for several Li-ion cathode and anode materials. Perspectives for future ESM development and applications to other ionic systems are discussed.
Translational regulation of membrane type 3‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT3‐MMP) expression (2007)

MT3‐MMP and MT1‐MMP are two closely related membrane‐anchored matrix metalloproteinases that promote pericellular proteolysis and tumor cell invasion. Like MT1‐MMP, recombinant MT3‐MMP accomplishes the surface activation of pro‐MMP‐2 in a TIMP‐2‐dependent manner. However, little is known about the expression and regulation of natural MT3‐MMP. We found that MT3‐MMP and MT1‐MMP mRNAs are readily detected in several human cell lines and primary cells by semiquantitative RT‐PCR. However, MT3‐MMP protein, in contrast to MT1‐MMP, was consistently undetectable, as determined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of cell lysates and plasma membrane fractions. MT3‐MMP protein was also undetected after treatment of cells with proteasome or synthetic MMP inhibitors. HT1080 human fibrosarcoma, WPMY‐1 human prostate myofibroblast, and A2058 human melanoma cells exposed to TNF‐α, EGF, FGF, phorbol ester, collagen I and III or hypoxic conditions also showed a consistent lack of MT3‐MMP protein expression. Pulse chase analyses showed no evidence of MT3‐MMP protein synthesis or degradation in HT1080 and WPMY1 cells lines. In contrast, MT1‐MMP biosynthesis and processing were readily detected under the same condition. No difference in MT1‐ and MT3‐MMP mRNA stability was found in HT1080 cells after actinomycin D treatment. Taking together, these studies suggest that MT3‐MMP exhibits a unique mode of regulation at the translational level, which may play a key role in tightly controlling protein expression of MT3‐MMP during tumor cell invasion.
HIV Transmission (2012)

HIV-1 is transmitted by sexual contact across mucosal surfaces, by maternal-infant exposure, and by percutaneous inoculation. For reasons that are still incompletely understood, CCR5tropic viruses (R5 viruses) are preferentially transmitted by all routes. Transmission is followed by an orderly appearance of viral and host markers of infection in the blood plasma. In the acute phase of infection, HIV-1 replicates exponentially and diversifies randomly, allowing for an unambiguous molecular identification of transmitted/founder virus genomes and a precise characterization of the population bottleneck to virus transmission. Sexual transmission of HIV-1 most often results in productive clinical infection arising from a single virus, highlighting the extreme bottleneck and inherent inefficiency in virus transmission. It remains to be determined if HIV-1 transmission is largely a stochastic process whereby any reasonably fit R5 virus can be transmitted or if there are features of transmitted/founder viruses that facilitate their transmission in a biologically meaningful way. Human tissue explant models of HIV-1 infection and animal models of SIV/SHIV/HIV-1 transmission, coupled with new challenge virus strains that more closely reflect transmitted/founder viruses, have the potential to elucidate fundamental mechanisms in HIV-1 transmission relevant to vaccine design and other prevention strategies.
ERYTHROMYCIN. IX.<sup>1</sup> DEGRADATIVE STUDIES OF ERYTHROMYCIN B. (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTERYTHROMYCIN. IX.1 DEGRADATIVE STUDIES OF ERYTHROMYCIN B.Koert Gerzon, Rosemarie Monahan, Ollidene Weayer, Max V. Sigal Jr., and Paul F. WileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 24, 6412–6413Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01605a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01605a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Re: Copy Number Variants in Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia and Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome (2011)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Jan 2012Re: Copy Number Variants in Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia and Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome Craig NiederbergerM.D. Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.114AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Copy Number Variants in Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia and Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome." The Journal of Urology, 187(1), pp. 243–244 © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 1January 2012Page: 243-244 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Application of the Non-Linear Eikonal Treatment to the Design of Optical Bistable Devices (1985)

Recently we have developed [1,2] the non-1inear-complex-eikonal approximation. Our goal was to set a standard mathematical treatment for the analysis of the propagation of light waves through non-linear media. The linear eikonal approximation is a cornerstone for optical systems design and we hope that the non-linear eikonal method will gain some of the universality of its linear counterpart.
Pricing‐based distributed spectrum access for cognitive radio networks with geolocation database (2016)

A pricing‐based distributed spectrum access technique for cognitive radio (CR) networks which adopt the geolocation database (GD) is proposed. The GD contains which frequency bands are occupied by the primary system in a particular location. Given that multiple CR systems may attempt to transmit data over the same frequency band when the GD is used, the achievable rate of the CR systems becomes deteriorated due to interference. In the proposed technique, each (secondary) CR system determines whether it utilises vacant frequency bands by considering the cost of using them, which is calculated by taking into account the interference. The authors analyse the behaviour of the CR systems based on game theory. In particular, it is shown that the sum capacity of CR systems is maximised when the number of utilised bands is proportional to the relative channel gain with respect to the average channel gain at each CR system. In addition, the authors obtain the optimal cost for the vacant bands, which achieves the maximum sum capacity of CR systems. Finally, it is shown that the sum capacity of the (secondary) CR systems is significantly improved via proper pricing policy on the vacant frequency bands through extensive computer simulations.
C<sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric Chiral Pentacyclic Guanidine: A Phase‐Transfer Catalyst for the Asymmetric Alkylation of tert‐Butyl Glycinate Schiff Base. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hexamethyldisilazanes mediated one-pot intramolecular Michael addition–olefination reactions leading to exo-olefinated bicyclo[6.4.0]dodecanes (1999)

A novel one-pot reaction for the synthesis of exo-olefinated bicyclo[6.4.0]dodecanes 23 has been developed on the basis of an intramolecular Michael reaction of phenylsulfonyl compounds 4 with potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) and a sequential reaction with an excess of methoxymethyl chloride (MOMCl). By this reaction, an exo-olefin group was regioselectively introduced at the α-position to the carbonyl group in the 6-membered ring in high yield. The regioselective introduction of the olefin moiety could be envisaged to proceed through a Mannich-type reaction involving the aminomethylating agent 24, which, in turn, is generated in situ by the action of HMDS on MOMCl.
ChemInform Abstract: ENDGUELTIGE IDENTIFIZIERUNG DER STRUKTUREN VON DICYCLOPENTADIENYLDIEISENTETRACARBONYL IN LOESUNG (1970)

Abstract In polaren Lösungsmitteln wurde anhand der PMR‐Spektren ein Gleichgewicht zwischen dem cis‐ (I) und dem trans‐Isomeren (II) festgestellt.
Purification and properties of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from rat epididymis (1982)

Two protein kinases (I and II: EC 2.7.1.37) that show a high degree of substrate specificity for protamine rather than histones, phosvitin and casein were partly purified from rat epididymal tissue. The enzymes were present in the cytosol because greater than 80% of the enzymic activity was recovered in the soluble fraction. The kinases required Mg2+ for activity although Co2+ and Mn2+ were partial substitutes. Zn2+ (1 mM) inhibited nearly completely the activity of the enzymes. Both the kinases showed high affinity for activation with cyclic AMP compared to other cyclic nucleotides. Amino acid analysis of 32P-labelled protamine product revealed that the kinases transfer the terminal phosphate of ATP to serine residues of the protein. The isoenzymes I and II showed certain differences in relation to their hydroxyapatite-chromatography profiles, pH activation profiles, heat sensitivity and Km for ATP and cyclic AMP.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Forensic Analysis of<scp>DNA</scp> (2000)

Abstract This article summarizes the theory behind the uses of DNA analysis for identification purposes. Various techniques are summarized and their strengths and weaknesses are contrasted. The theoretical basis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and various types of PCR reactions are introduced. A table is provided with loci that can be used for the forensic analysis of DNA. The availability of kits is summarized. Finally, a discussion of mitochondrial DNA analysis is performed.
How to Reach Stereogenic Trifluoromethylated Carbon? En Route to the “Grail” of the Asymmetric Trifluoromethylation Reaction (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Influence of ionic liquid cosolvent on transgalactosylation reactions catalyzed by thermostable β‐glycosylhydrolase CelB from <i>Pyrococcus Furiosus</i> (2006)

The synthesis of glycosides by enzymatic transglycosylation is a kinetically controlled reaction performed in the context of a non-favorable thermodynamic equilibrium. An unreactive organic cosolvent which increases the selectivity of the enzyme for glycosyl transfer to the acceptor nucleophile compared with water (Ksel) could improve maximum product yield. Here we report on the effect of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazoliummethylsulfate on hydrolase and transferase activities of the hyperthermostable beta-glycosidase CelB from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. CelB retained full catalytic efficiency for lactose hydrolysis at 80 degrees C in a 50% (by vol.) solution of ionic liquid in sodium citrate buffer, pH 5.5. It was inactive but not irreversibly denatured at 70% ionic liquid. Using lactose (0.15 M) as galactosyl donor, values of Ksel for a representative series of eight acceptor alcohols were determined in kinetic assays at 80 degrees C and found to increase between 1.3-fold (D-xylose) and 3.1-fold (glycerol) in 45% ionic liquid. Enhancement of Ksel was dependent on ionic liquid concentration and higher than expected from the decrease in water activity caused by the cosolvent. Experimental molar ratios of D-glucose and D-galactose produced during enzymatic conversion of lactose (75-150 mM) in the presence of D-xylose (0.5 M) or glycerol (0.5 M) showed excellent agreement with predictions based on Ksel values and confirm a significant, yet moderate effect of 45% ionic liquid on increasing the yield of D-galactoside product, by < or = 10%.
Synthesis of 1,7‐difunctionalized cycloheptatrienes. Complications from rapid [1,7] sigmatropic shifts of unhindered alkylthio groups (1979)

Abstract 4,5‐Benzotropone and 1,2‐ethanedithiol gave the expected dithioketal 8 with boron trifluoride etherate in methanol. In contrast, tropone, under similar conditions, gave the bicyclic 1,7‐disubstituted cycloheptatrienes 2, 3 and 4 on reaction with, respectively, 1,2‐ethanedithiol, 1,3‐propanedithiol, and o ‐benzenedithiol. Related, monocyclic 1,7‐difunctionalized cycloheptatrienes 10–13 and 15a‐d were obtained from sodium thiolates and methoxy‐ or 1‐(alkylthio)tropenylium salts in dichloromethane‐ethanol at − 50°C. 1,7‐Bis(alkylthio)‐substituted cycloheptatrienes with unhindered alkylthio groups showed a rapid interconversion of the alkylthio groups at the C(1) and C(7) carbons ( 15a ⇄ 16 ).
Major differences of cloud computing adoption in universities: Europe vs. Middle East (2014)

The extensive use of cloud computing in educational institutes around the world brings unique challenges for universities. Some of these challenges are due to clear differences between Europe and Middle East universities. These differences stem from the natural variation between people. Cloud computing has created a new concept to deal with software services and hardware infrastructure. Some benefits are immediately gained, for instance, to allow students to share their information easily and to discover new experiences of the education system. However, this introduces more challenges, such as security and configuration of resources in shared environments. Educational institutes cannot escape from these challenges. Yet some differences occur between universities which use cloud computing as an educational tool or a form of social connection. This paper discusses some benefits and limitations of using cloud computing and major differences in using cloud computing at universities in Europe and the Middle East, based on the social perspective, security and economics concepts, and personal responsibility.
Effect of Magnetic Field on Electrode Reactions and Properties of Electrodeposited NiFe Films (2003)

Enhancement of current for solutions, containing and ions, has been observed by linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry when a magnetic field of 0.1 T was applied parallel to the cathode. The current enhancement in a magnetic field was attributed to the convection near the electrode surface induced by the Lorentz force. There is a decrease of the Fe content in NiFe films by approximately 4% obtained with applied magnetic field. It was also demonstrated that the applied magnetic field affects the magnetic properties, crystalline structure and/or texture, stress, and surface roughness of NiFe films. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Accuracy of depth and orientation estimation based on texture characteristics (2010)

We consider the problem of estimating the depth and orientation (geometric parameters) of a flat surface that is viewed from multiple cameras. It is well known that the ability to obtain accurate geometric parameter estimates depend on the presence of sharp features in the texture of the imaged object. We quantify this statement by formulating the problem as an estimation problem and then applying tools from estimation theory. Our analysis results in closed-form expressions for the accuracy of surface geometry parameter estimation in terms of the object's texture, orientation and depth, and in terms of the number of views. The theoretical results obtained are validated experimentally.
Preparation of all stereoisomers of <sup>14</sup>C‐labelled 3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐and 3‐(2,2‐dibromoethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids (1987)

Abstract The four 14 C‐labelled stereoisomers of both 3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and 3‐(2,2‐dibromoethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, the improtant acid components of various potent insecticidal pyrethroids, were prepared efficiently from [1‐ 14 C]chrysanthemic acid ( 5 ) for use in comparative metabolic studies. α‐Bromo‐β‐naphthyl d,l‐cis, trans ‐[1‐ 14 C]chrysanthemate ( 6 ) was oxidized with osmium tetroxide‐sodium periodate to give the formyl ester ( 7 ) in 78% yield. Wittig reaction of 7 with dichloromethylenetris(dimethylamino)phosphorane at −75 ‐ −70 °C afforded the dichlorovinylated ester ( 8 ) quantitatively. Optical resolution of 8 by preparative HPLC using a chiral‐phase column led to the four stereoisomers ( 8a ‐ 8d ) with optical purities more than 99%. Hydrolyses of the esters ( 8a ‐ 8d ) yielded the corresponding optically active 3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl [1‐ 14 C]cyclopropanecarboxylic acids ( 1a ‐ 1d ) quantitatively. Similarly, Wittig reaction of the formyl ester ( 7 ) with dibromomethylenetris(dimethylamino)phosphorane, followed by optical resolution and hydrolysis, gave four optically active 3‐(2,2‐dibromoethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl [1‐ 14 C]cyclopropanecarboxylic acids ( 2a ‐ 2d ) in considerably high yields.