gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silica‐Gel‐Confined Ionic Liquids: A New Attempt for the Development of Supported Nanoliquid Catalysis (2005)

A new concept of designing and synthesizing highly dispersed ionic-liquid catalysts was developed through physical confinement or encapsulation of ionic liquids (with or without metal complex) in a silica-gel matrix through a sol-gel process. We studied ionic liquids such as EMImBF4, BuMImBF4, DMImBF4, CMImBF4, BuMImPF6, either with or without [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2] and [Rh(PPh3)3Cl], in a silica-gel matrix (E = ethyl, Bu = butyl M = methyl, D = decyl, C = cetyl and Im = imidazolium). The contents of ionic liquids and loadings of Pd or Rh were 8-53 wt % and 0.1 approximately 0.15 wt %, respectively. Analyses of FT-Raman spectra showed that abnormal Raman spectra of the confined ionic liquids were observed in comparison with the bulk and pure ionic liquids. EMImBF4 and BuMImBF4 ionic liquids could be completely washed out from the silica-gel matrix under vigorous reflux conditions, but ionic liquids with larger molecular size, for example, DMImBF4 or CMImBF4, could be confined into the silica-gel nanopores relatively firmly. These results suggested that the ionic liquids were physically confined or encapsulated into the silica gel. The N2 adsorption measurements indicated that the silica-gel skeleton was mesoporous with 50-110 A pore size after the BuMImBF4 ionic liquid was removed completely. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the silica-gel matrix was amorphous and non-uniformly mesoporous. Carbonylation of aniline and nitrobenzene for synthesis of diphenyl urea, carbonylation of aniline for synthesis of carbamates, and oxime transformation between cyclohexanone oxime and acetone were used as test reactions for these catalysts. Catalytic activities were remarkably enhanced with much lower amounts of ionic liquids needed with respect to bulk ionic-liquid catalysts or silica-supported ionic-liquid catalysts prepared with simple impregnation, in which the ionic liquid may be deposited as a thin layer on the support. Such unusual enhancement in catalytic activities may be attributed to the formation of nanoscale and high-concentration ionic liquids due to the confinement of the ionic liquid in silica gel; this results in unusual changes in the symmetry and coordination geometry of the ionic liquids.
Adaptive handover control in IP-based mobility networks (2003)

In this paper, we propose framework for an adaptive handover control architecture (AHCA), which aims at enhancing overall IP handover performance while maximising utilisation of resources in wireless access networks. The IP handover procedures in the AHCA adapt dynamically to network conditions, as well as to a wide range of user profiles and application quality of service (QoS) requirements. To confirm our expectations that the AHCA will bring performance benefits in heterogeneous mobile IP networking environment, we have investigated basic performance characteristics of different handover mechanisms. The preliminary simulation results demonstrate that the AHCA will bring significant performance improvements as compared with non adaptive IP handovers.
Platinum and palladium high-temperature transducers on langasite (2005)

There is a pressing need for the fabrication of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices capable of operating in harsh environments, at elevated temperature and pressure, or under high-power conditions. These SAW devices operate as frequency-control elements, signal-processing filters, and pressure, temperature, and gas sensors. Applications include gas and oil wells, high-power duplexers in communication systems, and automobile and aerospace combustion engines. Under these high-temperature and power-operating conditions, which can reach several hundred degrees Centigrade, the typically fabricated aluminum (A1) thin film interdigital transducer (IDT) fails due to electro and stress migration. This work reports on high temperature SAW transducers that have been designed, fabricated, and tested on langasite (LGS) piezoelectric substrates. Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) (melting points at 1769 degrees C and 1554.9 degrees C, respectively) have been used as thin metallic films for the SAW IDTs fabricated. Zirconium (Zr) was originally used as an adhesion layer on the fabricated SAW transducers to avoid migration into the Pt or Pd metallic films. The piezoelectric LGS crystal, used as the substrate upon which the SAW devices were fabricated, does not exhibit any phase transition up to its melting point at 1470 degrees C. A radio frequency (RF) test and characterization system capable of withstanding 1000 degrees C has been designed and constructed. The LGS SAW devices with Pt and Pd electrodes and the test system have been exposed to temperatures in the range of 250 degrees C to 750 degrees C over periods up to 6 weeks, with the SAW devices showing a reduced degradation better than 7 dB in the magnitude of transmission coefficient, /S21/, with respect to room temperature. These results qualify the Pt and Pd LGS SAW IDTs fabricated for the above listed modern applications in harsh environments.
Nucleotide and derived amino-acid sequence of the major intrinsic protein of rat eye-lens (1990)

We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA coding for the major intrinsic protein (MIP) of rat eye-lens fibre cell-membranes. The MIP clone was isolated from a rat lens cDNA library (XgtlI 1) using an oligonucleotide probe derived from the bovine MIP sequence (1). Both strands of the cDNA were sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method using Sequenase (USB) and
A New Humidifier (1976)

A new heated water-bath humidifier operates on a new basic principle which overcomes the practical disadvantages of existing systems. A heated hose is used to control a temperature drop along the whole length of the delivery line instead of raising the temperature of the gases in the delivery line as in previous systems. Therefore the tank does not have to fully saturate the gases and a simple, totally cleanable design is possible. A temperature sensor at the delivery point controls the hose heater, constituting a rapid response, low thermal inertia system and delivery temperature is displayed on the unit. Compensation for varying gas flows and ambient temperature changes is inherent and the unit is suitable for neonatal/paediatric and adult use without special adjustment. The tank has a separate reservoir chamber which feeds an evaporation chamber via a cleanable float valve, conferring many advantages including clearly visible water levels, easy filling without breaking the circuit and constant compression volume. Full fail-safe alarm systems are incorporated.
Biological activity of phenylpropionic acid isolated from a terrestrial Streptomycetes. (2007)

The strain ANU 6277 was isolated from laterite soil and identified as Streptomyces sp. closely related to Streptomyces albidoflavus cluster by 16S rRNA analysis. The cultural, morphological and physiological characters of the strain were recorded. The strain exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, penicillin and streptomycin. It had the ability to produce enzymes such as amylase and chitinase. A bioactive compound was isolated from the strain at stationary phase of culture and identified as 3-phenylpropionic acid (3-PPA) by FT-IR, EI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral studies. It exhibited antimicrobial activity against different bacteria like Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. flourescens, Staphylococcus aureus and some fungi including Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, F. udum and Penicillium citrinum. The antifungal activity of 3-PPA of the strain was evaluated in in vivo and in vitro conditions against Fusarium udum causing wilt disease in pigeon pea. The compound 3-PPA is an effective antifungal agent when compared to tricyclozole (fungicide) to control wilt caused by F. udum, but it exhibited less antifungal activity than carbendazim.
Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Conformationally Fixed Semiquinone Monoradical Species (2006)

The design of novel, functionalized semiquinone (SQ) ligands which combine structural rigidity and electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, and electroneutral substituents enables investigation of multiple structure-property relationships and building blocks for new materials, including components of sensors, switches, and molecular spintronics. Along these lines, we report the synthesis of several new SQ ligands containing fused heterocyclic ring systems. Using both electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, we show how spin density is affected by the fused ring system substituents.
Broadside-Coupled Strips in a Layered Dielectric Medium (1972)

Coupling coefficient, odd- and even-mode impedances, and the mode phase velocities are calculated for a pair of broadside-coupled strips embedded in a layered dielectric medium and enclosed by a rectangular shield. Large ratios of mode phase velocities can be achieved with this structure leading to novel performance characteristics for familiar coupled-line configurations such as the microwave C section.
Kinetic And Optimization Studies On Ethanol Production From Corn Flour (2010)

Studies on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of corn flour, a major agricultural product as the substrate using starch digesting glucoamylase enzyme derived from Aspergillus niger and non starch digesting and sugar fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a batch fermentation. Experiments based on Central Composite Design (CCD) were conducted to study the effect of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, enzyme concentration on Ethanol Concentration and the above parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum values of substrate concentration, pH, temperature and enzyme concentration were found to be 160 g/l, 5.5, 30°C and 50 IU respectively. The effect of inoculums age on ethanol concentration was also investigated. The corn flour solution equivalent to 16% initial starch concentration gave the highest ethanol concentration of 63.04 g/l after 48 h of fermentation at optimum conditions of pH and temperature. Monod model and Logistic model were used for growth kinetics and Leudeking – Piret model was used for product formation kinetics.
Large‐scale biodiesel production from microalga <i>Chlorella protothecoides</i> through heterotrophic cultivation in bioreactors (2007)

An integrated approach of biodiesel production from heterotrophic Chlorella protothecoides focused on scaling up fermentation in bioreactors was reported in this study. Through substrate feeding and fermentation process controls, the cell density of C. protothecoides achieved 15.5 g L(-1) in 5 L, 12.8 g L(-1) in 750 L, and 14.2 g L(-1) in 11,000 L bioreactors, respectively. Resulted from heterotrophic metabolism, the lipid content reached 46.1%, 48.7%, and 44.3% of cell dry weight in samples from 5 L, 750 L, and 11,000 L bioreactors, respectively. Transesterification of the microalgal oil was catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candidia sp. 99-125. With 75% lipase (12,000 U g(-1), based on lipid quantity) and 3:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil batch-fed at three times, 98.15% of the oil was converted to monoalkyl esters of fatty acids in 12 h. The expanded biodiesel production rates were 7.02 g L(-1), 6.12 g L(-1), and 6.24 g L(-1) in 5 L, 750 L, and 11,000 L bioreactors, respectively. The properties of biodiesel from Chlorella were comparable to conventional diesel fuel and comply with the US Standard for Biodiesel (ASTM 6751). These results suggest that it is feasible to expand heterotrophic Chlorella fermentation for biodiesel production at the industry level.
Closing all the loops (1998)

Current and future combat aircraft are likely to fly as low as 50-100 ft above ground level at speeds approaching Mach 1. Manual control of the flight path imposes an almost impossible workload on the pilot. Consequently as many tasks as possible should be automated to give a manageable workload, leading to numerous control loops in addition to those normally associated with aircraft control. These are all brought together in an integrated vehicle management system (IVMS). A well-designed IVMS will bring improved low-level capabilities for manned flight and be an essential building block for a combat Uninhabitated Air Vehicles.
[Anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients treated due to haematologic malignancies]. (2005)

The groups of patients have much higher, depressive and distress scores than controls. Psychiatric or psychotherapeutic treatment could be considered as part of the treatment of malignant haematologic cancers.
Nonmetals Test and Evaluation. Delivery Order 0001: Alternate Positive Pressure Cure Cycles for 250 deg. F-Curing Epoxy Film Adhesives (2006)

On-component bonded repairs routinely encounter temperature limitations due to safety considerations and the presence of vulnerable materials or systems in the repair vicinity, such as elastomers and wiring. Due to these limitations, engineers desire the capability to cure epoxy adhesives at temperatures lower than those recommended by the manufacturers. Cytec Engineered Materials' FM 73M and 3M Company's AF 163-2M as well as Henkel's Hysol EA 9628 and Hysol EA 9696 adhesives were evaluated using cure cycles at 200 F and 180 F. Alternate cure times were identified via differential scanning calorimetry to optimize curing at 200 F and 180 F. Tensile lap shear, floating roller peel, and climbing drum peel tests were used to evaluate the corresponding bond strengths. Results obtained in this study proved curing the adhesives at 200 F and 180 F was feasible but led to reduced adhesive mechanical properties.
A comparative review of job scheduling for MapReduce (2011)

MapReduce is an emerging paradigm for data intensive processing with support of cloud computing technology. MapReduce provides convenient programming interfaces to distribute data intensive works in a cluster environment. The strengths of MapReduce are fault tolerance, an easy programming structure and high scalability. A variety of applications have adopted MapReduce including scientific analysis, web data processing and high performance computing. Data Intensive computing systems, such as Hadoop and Dryad, should provide an efficient scheduling mechanism for enhanced utilization in a shared cluster environment. The problems of scheduling map-reduce jobs are mostly caused by locality and synchronization overhead. Also, there is a need to schedule multiple jobs in a shared cluster with fairness constraints. By introducing the scheduling problems with regards to locality, synchronization and fairness constraints, this paper reviews a collection of scheduling methods for handling these issues in MapReduce. In addition, this paper compares different scheduling methods evaluating their features, strengths and weaknesses. For resolving synchronization overhead, two categories of studies; asynchronous processing and speculative execution are discussed. For fairness constraints with locality improvement, delay scheduling in Hadoop and Quincy scheduler in Dryad are discussed.
Evaluation of Two Bio-Stimulants for Improving Water Quality in Channel Catfish,<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>, Production Ponds (2003)

ABSTRACT Two commercial products (LASE and PhytoMax), which are formulations of organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, and micronutrients intended to stimulate microbial activity in fish production ponds, were evaluated. The effects on water quality of twice-monthly applications of PhytoMax and LASE in a replicated field test conducted in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ponds in northwest Mississippi were studied. Temperature, pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a, and dissolved oxygen were monitored for 7 months and compared among LASE-treated, PhytoMax-treated, and control ponds. Only pH was statistically different (P <0.05) among ponds groups-7.6 in controls vs. 7.7 in LASE and PhytoMax ponds-however, this difference was not biologically significant. The results of this study failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding PhytoMax or LASE to commercial channel catfish ponds. Although adding specific micro-nutrients, vitamins, and enzymes to enhance natural microbial activity is a more ecologically sound strategy than adding bacterial suspensions, PhytoMax and LASE did not improve water quality in ponds at the recommended application rates.
Amination by Reduction (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmination by ReductionJesse WernerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 9, 1574–1583Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50465a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50465a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Photo-induced Radical Rearrangements of Hypoiodite of <i>N</i>-Acetyljervine and the Related <i>C</i>-nor-<i>D</i>-Homosteroid in the Presence of Mercury(II) Oxide and Iodine (1981)

Abstract Irradiation of the hypoiodite of N-acetyljervine in benzene containing mercury(II) oxide and iodine gave a mixture of products. The major product was N-acetyl-11-oxojerva-5,12(13)-dien-3β-yl N-acetyl-A-homo-4-oxa-11-oxojerva-5,12(13)-dien-3α-yl ether (4) (25%). Four minor products, N-acetyl-2-iodo-11-oxo-A-nor-2,3-secojerva 5,12(13)-dien-3-yl formate, N-acetyl-3α,5-epoxy-6α-iodo-A-homo-4-oxa-5α-jerva-5,12(13)-dien-11-one, N-acetyl-4-oxajerva-5,12(13)-dien-11-one, and N-acetyl-4-oxa-A-homojerva-5,12(13)-diene-3,11-dione, were also isolated. Irradiation of the hypoiodite of 3β-hydroxy-17-ethyletiojerv-5-ene-11,20-dione also gave a dimer corresponding to 4. The formation of 4 as the major product contrasts with the result of the corresponding reaction of cholesterol.
Between Islam and the System (1996)

This study tests whether a hypothesis explaining popular support for Middle Eastern fundamentalist movements adequately describes the grassroots appeal of Hizballah, Lebanon's radical Shiite organization. Using 1993 survey data, the study found that Hizballah adherents were less likely than expected to be deeply religious, to have a low socioeconomic status, and to have a strong political alienation. Results suggest that Hizballah is not the vehicle of radical Shiites and that other factors underlie its organizational growth and encourage its evolution as a mainstream party. The study also suggests that constraints imposed on Islamic goals by Lebanon's pluralist society and its powerful neighbor Syria have influenced the moderate trend of Hizballah. The study concludes that Islamist success in carving a niche in a community still seeking self-identity and adequate national representation means that Islamists are unlikely to lose external backers' support should Middle East peace negotiations reduce Hizballah's resistance role.
Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required for transition to a stable epiblast stem cell condition (2012)

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent the naïve ground state of the preimplantation epiblast and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) represent the primed state of the postimplantation epiblast. Studies have revealed that the ESC state is maintained by a dynamic mechanism characterized by cell-to-cell spontaneous and reversible differences in sensitivity to self-renewal and susceptibility to differentiation. This metastable condition ensures indefinite self-renewal and, at the same time, predisposes ESCs for differentiation to EpiSCs. Despite considerable advances, the molecular mechanism controlling the ESC state and pluripotency transition from ESCs to EpiSCs have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that Otx2, a transcription factor essential for brain development, plays a crucial role in ESCs and EpiSCs. Otx2 is required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. Furthermore, Otx2 is required for ESC transition into EpiSCs and, subsequently, to stabilize the EpiSC state by suppressing, in pluripotent cells, the mesendoderm-to-neural fate switch in cooperation with BMP4 and Fgf2. However, according to its central role in neural development and differentiation, Otx2 is crucially required for the specification of ESC-derived neural precursors fated to generate telencephalic and mesencephalic neurons. We propose that Otx2 is a novel intrinsic determinant controlling the functional integrity of ESCs and EpiSCs.
Inheritance of Soybean Susceptibility to <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> and Its Relationship to Transformation (1995)

The development of genetic transformation techniques for soybean [ Glycine max CL.) Merr.] has been slow, but in a few cases transgenic plants have been obtained with Agrobacterium tumefaciens as the vector. Soybean genotypes with good agronomic characteristics and susceptibility to infection with A. tumefaciens would be desirable for transformation attempts. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of susceptibility to A. tumefaciens and to determine if any relationship exists between gall formation on growing plants and transformation of cotyledonary tissue in vitro. In three experiments, susceptible parent ‘Peking’, resistant parent ‘Clark’, and the F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4 , BC 1 P 1 , and BC 1 P 2 progeny were inoculated at 12 sites at the V8 growth stage with A. tumefaciens wild‐type strain A281. The distributions of galls per plant indicated quantitative inheritance of the susceptible gall formation response. However, because heritability was high (>0.50) and the number of genes controlling susceptibility was estimated as between two and three, this characteristic should be relatively easy to transfer to new genotypes. Immature zygotic cotyledons were excised from the same material, inoculated with strain A281 containing a plasmid holding the [β‐glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and induced to form somatic embryos. The frequency of somatic embryos exhibiting GUS activity was greater than 50% in the first and second embryo collection periods. It was not possible to predict which genotype would be useful for transformation attempts based on the plant rating of susceptibility.
Etching of silicon trenches in CF<sub>4</sub> plasma using photoresist/aluminium masks (1990)

Abstract The reactive ion etch process (RIE) of silicon in a CF 4 /O 2 gas mixture is described. The dependence of the etch rate and the surface quality on used mask material (photoresist, aluminium) is studied. A silicon etch rate of about 1.5 times higher than with resist mask is reached using aluminium as mask material. The free etched surfaces are very rough due to micromasking effects during the etch process. Using a phtoresist mask the surfaces remain clean. The silicon etch depth depends on the thickness of the mask.