gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring and Contrastive Analysis of Two Kinds of Sterilization Packaging of Surgical Instruments (2017)

In this paper, we mainly expound the difference between the two kinds of sterilized packaging of traditional cloth packaging and rigid device box. We analyzed the data of the incidence of wet bag, the rate of expired equipment, the rate of damage of packaging, the damage rate of the equipment from the recovered from the decontamination center of the disinfection supply center. This study showed that the application of the rigid device box not only improving the storage period of surgical instruments, but also ensuring the integration of the packaging and protecting the surgical instruments effectively. So we provide a reference for how to choose and use surgical equipment packaging materials effectively to control the infection and reduce the cost of hospital infection. The report is as follows.
The role of the micro environment on the tribological behavior of materials (1980)

The properties of the environment which exert an influence upon adhesion, friction, wear, and lubrication of materials in solid state contact are discussed. The effect of the environment upon lubricants and lubricant properties is considered in relation to the interaction of the lubricant with the material surfaces in solid state contact and the ability of lubricants to provide protective surface films.
Evaluation of Direct Cu Electroplating on Ru: Feature Fill, Parametric, and Reliability (2010)

Cu films were directly deposited on Ru to check the feasibility of this process for Cu back-end-of-the-line integration beyond 32-nm technology nodes. Feature-fill enhancement was observed from the direct electroplating process as compared to the conventional one with the Cu electroplating performed on a PVD Cu seeding layer. Reasonable parametric yields were demonstrated for the direct electroplating process. The electromigration (EM) resistance of the directly plated Cu lines was degraded relative to that observed on the conventionally plated Cu lines. The observed EM resistance degradation is attributed to a weak interface between Ru/Cu, which can be caused by impurities from the electroplating process.
A 26-year-old man with a blind spot in his left eye (2013)

A 26-year-old white man presented with a 4-day history of a scotoma in the left eye only. He characterized the visual field defect as greenish and fixed in a superotemporal, paracentral location. The visual change was sudden in onset and was not associated with other ocular complaints or headache. Past ocular history was remarkable only for a diagnosis of herpes simplex keratitis in the involved eye. One episode had occurred 13 years before. It was treated with trifluridine and was not complicated by scarring or recurrence. Past medical history was unremarkable. Social history was negative for antecedent travel, illicit drugs, or trauma, but was positive for cat exposure. Review of systems was negative.
Members of a Novel Family of Mammalian Protein Kinases Complement the DNA-Negative Phenotype of a Vaccinia Virus <i>ts</i> Mutant Defective in the B1 Kinase (2004)

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vaccinia virus defective in the B1 kinase demonstrate a conditionally lethal defect in DNA synthesis. B1 is the prototypic member of a new family of protein kinases (vaccinia virus-related kinases, or VRK) that possess distinctive B1-like sequence features within their catalytic motifs (R. J. Nichols and P. Traktman, J. Biol. Chem., in press). Given the striking sequence similarity between B1 and the VRK enzymes, we proposed that they might share overlapping substrate specificity. We therefore sought to determine whether the human and mouse VRK1 enzymes (hVRK1 and mVRK1, respectively) could complement a B1 deficiency in vivo. Recombinant ts2 viruses expressing hVRK1, mVRK1, or wild-type B1 were able to synthesize viral DNA at high temperature, but those expressing the more distantly related human casein kinase 1 alpha 2 could not. Complementation required the enzymatic activity of hVRK1, since a catalytically inactive allele of hVRK1 was unable to confer a temperature-insensitive phenotype. Interestingly, rescue of viral DNA synthesis was not coupled to the ability to phosphorylate H5, the only virus-encoded protein shown to be a B1 substrate in vivo. Expression of hVRK1 during nonpermissive ts2 infections restored virus production and plaque formation, whereas expression of mVRK1 resulted in an intermediate level of rescue. Taken together, these observations indicate that enzymatically active cellular VRK1 kinases can perform the function(s) of B1 required for genome replication, most likely due to overlapping specificity for cellular and/or viral substrates.
A Heat Pump for Simultaneous Refrigeration and Water Heating (1997)

A novel heat pump has recently been proposed which provides both refrigeration and water heating using a transcritical CO2 cycle. Applications in the food processing industry have been identified where the transcritical CO2 heat pump could provide large energy cost savings with reduced environmental impact compared with conventional systems. In this paper, the energy efficiency of the heat pump is quantified and the potential economic and environmental benefits are discussed.
New approach to 13C-urea breath test: capsule-based modification with low-dose of 13C-urea in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. (1996)

This study was designed to evaluate a novel modification of the non-invasive capsule-based 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT). 114 patients were tested for Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with the use of only 38 mg 13C-urea administrated in solid capsulated form. Obtained results were compared with tissue based methods: histology and rapid urease test (CLOtest). Results of histology and/or CLOtest were considered as the gold standard for each patient. In addition, also capsule-based, micro-dose (37kBq) 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) was performed. With a cut-off for delta-over-base values of 5/1000 (i.e., 5 per mil), 13C-UBT results (measured by non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy, NDIRS) correlated highly significant with combined results for invasive methods i.e., CLOtest + histology score. Compared with histology, CLOtest, and the gold standard, the diagnostic values of the test were: sensitivity 97%, specificity 95%, with positive and negative predictive values about 90% and 98% respectively. The modified 13C-UBT test was found to be in full concordance with 14C-UBT; there was 100% agreement in the diagnostic classification of all positive (89) and negative (25) patients. Described modification of 13C-UBT showed that presented modification of 13C-UBT is an excellent, simple, low cost, non invasive, and safe diagnostic tool in HP detection and should be recommended particularly in cases when the use of radioactive urea is contraindicated.
3. – La région lilloise : unité et diversité (1991)

3.1. La naissance de Lille La région lilloise n’est pas la plus anciennement urbanisée dans le Nord de la France et le rôle de capitale attribué à Lille et/ou à la CUDL (Communauté Urbaine de Lille) au sein de la région ne s’est développé que très lentement. Pourtant, depuis le XVe siècle, Lille est un pôle d’emploi et à la frontière des Flandres et de la Picardie, un « melting-pot ». Dès l’époque gallo-romaine, de nombreuses villes existent dans la région : Bavai, Arras, Boulogne et Thérouan...
Review on clinical studies with cannabis and cannabinoids 2005-2009 (2010)

To date, a large number of controlled clinical trials have been done evaluating the therapeutic applications of cannabis and cannabis-based preparations. In 2006, an excellent review was published, discussing the clinical trials performed in the period 1975 to June 2005 [Ben Amar 2006]. The current review reports on the more recent clinical data available. A systematic search was performed in the scientific database of PubMed, focused on clinical studies that were randomized, (double) blinded, and placebo-controlled. The period screened was from July 1, 2005 up to August 1, 2009. The key words used were: cannabis, marijuana, marihuana, hashish, cannabinoid(s), tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, CBD, dronabinol, Marinol, nabilone, Cannador and Sativex. For the final selection, only properly controlled clinical trials were retained. Open-label studies were excluded, except if they were a direct continuation of a study discussed here. Thirty-seven controlled studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids were identified. For each clinical trial, the country where the project was held, the number of patients assessed, the type of study and comparisons done, the products and the dosages used, their efficacy and their adverse effects are described. Based on the clinical results, cannabinoids present an interesting therapeutic potential mainly as analgesics in chronic neuropathic pain, appetite stimulants in debilitating diseases (cancer and AIDS), as well as in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Preliminary Design of the Naval Postgraduate School Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (PANSAT) Electric Power and Communications Subsystems (2025)

The Naval Postgraduate School's (NPS) Space Systems Academic Group (SSAG) is continuing the design and development of the Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (PANSAT), a small communications satellite. The objectives of PANSAT are to provide: (i.) an educational tool for the officer students at NPS, (ii.) digital communications using spread spectrum in the amateur band, and (iii.) a low cost, space-based platform for small experiments. PANSAT is designed for an altitude of 480 km and an inclination greater than 28.5. The satellite weight is 150 Ibs and has no attitude control. The expected life of the satellite is 2 years. This paper discusses the preliminary design of the electrical power subsystem (EPS) and the communications subsystem (COMM). The BPS is a photovoltaic silicon cell system consisting of solar array, batteries, battery charge regulator (BCR) and DC to DC converters. The COMM payload uses direct sequence spread spectrum modulated BPSK with a 1 MHz bandwidth. The data rate is 1200 bps with a bit error rate of 10-5 with a 5 Watt output.
Control of an airborne wind energy system with a Magnus effect (2016)

The control of an airborne wind energy system with a Magnus effect device has been studied. The proposed strategy aims to control the amount of the output energy produced for a given cycle. The control scheme has been applied numerically and experimentally on a small scale indoor setup of Gipsa-lab, and validated numerically for Omnidea's experimental platform. Results have shown the good performance of the proposed control strategy.
On Absorption and Refractive Index Modulations of Dichromated Gelatin Gratings (1982)

Influences of two different developing methods on the optical parameters of dichromated gelatin (DCG) were studied. These two processes for obtaining DCG plates ready for use have been presented by Meyerhofer and Chang and Leonard. The difference between these methods is that the latter involves a hardening process after exposure. The gelatin layers used were obtained from Kodak 649F photographic plates by removing the silver halide. By using the first method, it was observed that the absorption modulation, and hence also the refractive index modulation, penetrate during exposure through the whole DCG layer. The gratings begin to saturate when the exposing energy exceeds 200 mJ cm m 2. In the second method absorption was low. According to our measurements the modulations can reach only 20–30 per cent of the grating thickness. Because the diffraction efficiency of this hologram can be nearly 100 per cent, the refractive-index modulation is very high.
The employment effect of increasing disability benefits: a regression discontinuity approach (2010)

We analyze the employment effect of a law that provides for a 36 percent increase in the generosity of disability insurance (DI) in Spain for claimants who are, as a result of their lack of skills and of the labour market conditions they face, deemed unlikely to find a job. The selection process for treatment is therefore conditional on having a low probability of employment making evaluation of its effect intrinsically difficult. We exploit the fact that the benefit increase is only available to individuals aged 55 or older to estimate its impact using a regression discontinuity approach. Our first results indicate a large drop in employment for disabled individuals that receive the increase in the benefit. Testing for the linearity of covariates around the eligibility age threshold reveals that age at which individuals start claiming DI is not continuous: the benefit increase appears to accelerate the entry rate of individuals aged 55 or over. We obtain new estimates excluding this group of claimants (who enter the disability rolls at age 55 or after) and estimate the policy to decrease by 8 percent employment probability. We conclude that the observed DI generosity elasticity of.22 on employment is mostly due to income effects since benefit receipt is not work contingent.
Editorial (2010)

El editorial presenta el tercer número del segundo volumén de la Historelo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local.
Cathodic Reduction of Oxides Formed on Copper at Elevated Temperatures (1994)

Cathodic stripping is used to determine the oxide thickness on copper. For copper oxidized at elevated temperatures the potential‐time curve at constant cathodic current density features two distinct regions, corresponding to the reduction of two different oxides. The sequence in which the oxides are reduced at constant current density has been examined here using potential‐time measurements and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The results show that the top layer of cupric oxide, if continuous, is cathodically reduced first at a higher potential, followed by reduction of the inner layer of cuprous oxide at a lower potential. This conclusion is at variance with a reduction model used in measurements of the oxide thickness in the industry and accepted as part of a standard specification.
Dermatological high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of basal and squamous cell carcinoma (2008)

The results indicated that brachytherapy is an effective treatment for BCC and SCC.
Reducing Writes in Phase-Change Memory Environments by Using Efficient Cache Replacement Policies (2013)

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is currently postulated as the best alternative for replacing Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) as the technology used for implementing main memories, thanks to its significant advantages such as good scalability and low leakage. However, PCM also presents some drawbacks compared to DRAM, like its lower endurance. This work presents a behavior analysis of conventional cache replacement policies in terms of the amount of writes to main memory. Besides, new last level cache (LLC) replacement algorithms are exposed, aimed at reducing the number of writes to PCM and hence increasing its lifetime, without significantly degrading system performance.
Pearl lustre pigments (1987)

The TiO2/substrate pearlescent pigments were prepared by the hydrolysis of TiOCl2 on the substrate followed by a calcinations process. The natural mica (muscovite), synthetic mica (fluorophlogopite) and α-alumina flake were selected as the substrates for pearlescent pigments. The effect of substrate on the anatase to rutile (A–R) phase transformation of TiO2 was studied. The A–R phase transformation of TiO2 during the preparation of pearlescent pigments and their proportion in the TiO2 layer have been analyzed by XRD measurements. The phase compositions of TiO2 layer in each pearlescent pigment are quite different depending on the substrates. The TiO2 layer deposited on α-alumina has higher rutile fraction than those on the natural and synthetic mica. The XPS analysis showed that the cations originally present in the substrates diffused into the TiO2 layer. The TiO2 layer deposited on α-alumina contains Al, while those on the natural and synthetic mica substrates contain Si and K in addition to Al. The metal cations diffusing from the substrate into TiO2 layer might retard the A–R phase transformation of TiO2. The suppressing effect on the A–R transformation of TiO2 by mixed cations seems to be much stronger than that of single cation, resulting in relatively higher rutile fraction in the case of TiO2 layer deposited on α-alumina.
Assisted Ontology Instantiation: a LearningKit perspective (2007)

Ontology serves as the blueprint for knowledge dissemination within and across domains and applications. In general, acquisition of ontological knowledge can be automated in many domains. This paper presents a scenario where we semi-automatically instantiate an ontology associated with meta-cognitive skills, with assistance from human experts. We argue why such semi-automatic instantiation of ontologies is a practicable approach to knowledge acquisition.
Finite element analysis of magnetic structures for micro-electro-mechanical relays (2005)

Micro-electro-mechanical system technology offers great promise in addressing the need for smaller electromechanical relays, and may bridge the performance and economic gaps between conventional electromechanical technology and solid state devices. It is necessary for electromagnetic field analysis during design process of micro-electro-mechanical relay. Planar coil and magnetic plate structures were modeled by using finite element method in this paper. Furthermore the open domain magnetic field views of micro-electro-mechanical relay with different structures were compared. And the electromagnetic attraction force of movable contacts in MEMS relay was analyzed, thus can not only simplify the fabrication procedure, but also develop the working performance of products. The results of the analysis can be useful for designers to develop optimal magnetic structure of micro-electro-mechanical relays.
Vesicles and bulla in an infant. Bullous varicella (chicken pox complicated by bullous impetigo) (1994)

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 3-month-old girl presented with a 10-week history of multiple enlarging plaques on the face and extremities. She was the product of a full-term pregnancy to a healthy 19-year-old primigravida. The day before delivery, the mother's membranes ruptured, and a fever developed over the next 24 hours. A cesarean section was performed due to an increase in fetal heart rate. After delivery, antibiotics were administered to the baby, who had no further complications. The mother continued to have a fever and high blood pressure. Both infant and mother remained in the hospital for 23 days. Approximately 1 week after discharge, an annular lesion appeared on the infant's cheek that became progressively enlarged. Similar lesions appeared on the extremities. Cutaneous examination revealed annular erythematous scaly plaques, some with central clearing, ranging from 2 to 4 cm on the face, arms, and legs (<b>Figure 1</b>). Routine laboratory studies
Identity by any other name (2019)

The complex cacophony of intertwined systems.
Effects of Fluorine Doping on Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Li<sub>6.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.25</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> as Electrolytes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries (2018)

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are promising technologies with great potential in improving safety and energy density, compared with the traditional liquid based lithium ion batteries. However, the bottleneck of SSLBs lies in the issues of poor interface contact and low electrolyte conductivity. In this work, the crystal structure of garnet-type Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12 (LGLZO) was engineered more rigidly with subdued atoms displacement by fluorine doping and thus smoother and faster lithium ion diffusion paths are formed. The ionic conductivity of garnet-type electrolyte is significantly increased from 5.43 × 10–4 S/cm to 1.28 × 10–3 S/cm at 25 °C and the activation energy is reduced from 0.33 to 0.28 eV. The solid-state symmetric cell consisting of F doped Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12 electrolyte and lithium metal has lower resistance and displays stable lithium plating/stripping for over 650 h with smaller overpotentials than those on LGLZO electrolyte. Moreover, the all solid-state lithium battery with F-LGLZO electrolyte and LiFePO4 composite electrode exhibits an improved rate capability, which can still keep 132.9 mAh/g at 1 C. Fluorine substitution in garnet-type electrolyte opens new avenues to design new solid-state electrolytes for practical applications of SSLBs.
Globalizing the Humanities: (1996)

Designed as a hybrid practical/philosophical discussion, this essay reflects on the development of Liu's ''Voice of the Shuttle: Web Page for Humanities Research'' in light of what it means to ''globalize the humanities'' in an era when it is the postindustrial global corporation (self-dubbed the ''learning organization'') that sets the paradigm of ''knowledge.'' What does it mean to remain an academic research site when knowledge is increasingly corporate and global? Can the distinctive humanities paradigm of knowledge-- at once historical and interdisciplinary--offer a viable alternative to the equally distinctive anti-historical interdisciplinarity of ''global knowledge'' in ''workplace 2000?'' Can humanistic knowledge, that is, be an alternative global knowledge that refuses the high, old way of universalism to imagine a new localized universalism (field by field, culture by culture, history by history) able at once to collaborate and critique World, Inc.? To ask such questions and at least begin upon an answer, the essay draws on material from Liu's book-in-progress on The Future Literary.
Accelerometer-assisted 802.11 rate adaptation on mobile WiFi access (2012)

Abstract The expansion of 802.11 AP deployment provides opportunistic Wi-Fi access in underground mass rapid transit (MRT) system. However, such vehicular network faces the challenge of limited time for the MS on the train to connect the base station at the station. Therefore, to maximize the throughput within these several tens of seconds becomes crucial to the network. To achieve this goal, we propose accelerometer-assisted rate adaptation (AARA), a mechanism utilizes the out-of-band information of a train’s acceleration to improve the conventional rate adaptation scheme. AARA consists of two parts: First, AARA divides a train’s movement into four phases and performs real-time estimation on the train’s current movement phase. Second, AARA employs the estimation results to enhance the bit-rate selection during each phase. We conduct experiments on two different Taipei MRT systems: high-capacity MRT and medium-capacity MRT. The experimental results show that the average throughput of AARA outperforms that of the conventional scheme in different scenarios. In addition, we also design a mechanism of power saving with the aid of the movement estimation.
Semantic Expansion of Geographic Web Queries Based on Natural Language Positioning Expressions (2007)

Abstract The need for better Web search tools is getting increasing attention nowadays. About 20% of the queries currently submitted to search engines include geographic references. Thus, it is particularly important to work with the semantics of such queries, both by understanding the terminology and by recognizing geographic references in natural language text. In this paper, we explore the use of natural language expressions, which we call positioning expressions , to perform geographic searches on the Web, without resorting to geocoded data or gazetteers. Such positioning expressions denote the location of a subject of interest with respect to a landmark. Our approach leads to a query expansion technique that can be explored by virtually any keyword‐based search engine. Results obtained in our experiments show an expressive improvement over the traditional keyword‐based search and a potential path for tackling many kinds of common geographic queries.