gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of perioperative outcomes and costs between open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A propensity‐score matching analysis based on the <scp>J</scp>apanese <scp>D</scp>iagnosis <scp>P</scp>rocedure <scp>C</scp>ombination database (2013)

We compared perioperative outcomes and costs between open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, including cases from 2007 to 2010, was used by one-to-one propensity-score matching. The following items were compared: complication rate; homologous and autologous transfusion rate; first cystography day and cystography repeat rate; anesthesia time; postoperative length of stay; and costs. Multivariate analyses were carried out by including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, T stage, hospital volume and hospital academic status as variables. As a result, among 15 616 open and 1997 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies, 1627 propensity-score matched pairs were generated. The laparoscopic approach showed a better overall complication rate (3.4% vs 5.0%), homologous transfusion rate (3.3% vs 9.2%), autologous transfusion rate (44.9% vs 79.3%), first cystography day (mean 6th vs 7th day), mean postoperative length of stay (mean 11 vs 13 days), and cost without surgery and anesthesia (mean $7965 vs $9235; all P < 0.001). Anesthesia time was longer (mean 345 vs 285 min) and total cost was higher (mean $14 980 vs $12 356) for the laparoscopic approach (both P < 0.001). The secondary cystography rates were comparable between the groups (18.3% vs 15.7%, P = 0.144). The multivariate analyses showed similar trends. In conclusion, these findings confirm several benefits of laparoscopy over open approach for radical prostatectomy.
Clarithromycin lowers plasma zidovudine levels in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection (1997)

The use of antiretroviral agents and drugs for the treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections has lengthened the survival of persons with AIDS. In the era of multidrug therapy, drug interactions are important considerations in designing effective and tolerable regimens. Clarithromycin has had a significant impact on the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection, and zidovudine is the best-studied and one of the most widely used antiretroviral agents in this population. We conducted a study to determine the maximally tolerated dose of clarithromycin and the pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and zidovudine individually and in combination. Mixing studies were conducted to simulate potential interaction in the gastric environment. The simultaneous administration of zidovudine and clarithromycin had little impact on the pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin or of its major metabolite. However, coadministration of zidovudine and clarithromycin at three doses (500 mg orally [p.o.] twice daily [b.i.d.], 1,000 mg p.o. b.i.d., and 2,000 mg p.o. b.i.d.) reduced the maximum concentration of zidovudine by 41% (P < 0.005) and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h for zidovudine by 25% (P < 0.05) and increased the time to maximum concentration of zidovudine by 84% (P < 0.05), compared with zidovudine administered alone. Mixing studies did not detect the formation of insoluble complexes due to chelation, suggesting that the decrease in zidovudine concentrations results from some other mechanism. Simultaneous administration of zidovudine and clarithromycin appears to decrease the levels of zidovudine in serum, and it may be advisable that these drugs not be given at the same time. Drug interactions should be carefully evaluated in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection who are receiving multiple pharmacologic agents.
Endoscopic Perforation of The Colon: Lessons From A 10-Year Study (2000)

Colonoscopy can result in significant morbidity and carries a small risk of death. Sigmoidoscopy has lower risk. The following situations may represent increased risk to colonoscopy patients: unusual difficulty in traversing the sigmoid colon; difficult examinations in female patients, and difficult examinations performed by trainee physicians.
Nimodipine-enhanced survival of suboptimal neural grafts (1991)

The present experiment was conducted to see whether nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker with the potential to protect vulnerable neurons, could improve the survival rate of striatal grafts under suboptimal conditions. The drug markedly improved graft viability of rats with near-term (E21) striatal implants. Untreated rats showed no surviving neurons while all treated rats showed surviving grafts rich in neuron. It did not affect the survival of striatal grafts from E14/15 donors into the striatum, in which the high rates of survival are normally obtained.
Novel Multi-Flux Level, Three-Phase, Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor for Efficiency and Power Factor Maximization (2006)

In the European Union, the average load factor of electric motors in both industrial and tertiary sectors is estimated to be less than 60%. However, in some industrial sectors, the average load factor for some motor power ranges can be as low as 25%. Most oversized three-phase induction motors operate with low efficiency and power factor, which is by far the most important cause of poor power factor in industrial installations. In the low-load operating periods, motor performance can be improved both in terms of efficiency and power factor if the magnetizing flux is properly regulated In this paper, a multi-flux level, three-phase, squirrel-cage induction motor is proposed, in which the efficiency and power factor can be both maximized as a function of load The flexibility of the proposed motor system can be a surplus value in Industry, particularly for variable load applications in which significant energy savings can be obtained. The proposed motor can also be used as new or rewound general-purpose spare motor (with several levels of voltage, magnetizing flux and/or power). The proposed motor has a stator winding with two sets of turns, sharing the same positions in the stator slots (which can be connected either in series or in parallel). Among all the possible stator winding connections, six modes were selected and analysed (two of which are new). The basic principles for proper connection mode change are discussed. An electronic device and a contactor concept for automatic connection mode change are proposed. As far as the authors know, this concept is proposed and analysed for the first time.
Blood lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis share the following characteristics with activated T cells: natural attachment, stable E rosetting and glucocorticoid sensitivity. (1980)

Blood lymphocytes of infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients, unlike these obtained from healthy individuals, exhibit the following characteristics of activated T cells: (1) "stable" E rosette formation; (2) natural attachment to various human normal and malignant cells; (3) sensitivity in vitro to the lytic effect of glucocorticoids. Although the IM T cells attach in vitro to all the human cells tested, they kill only the EBV genome carrying targets. The possibility is discussed that some of the activated T cells in IM result from a non-specific activation elicited by the T cells responding specifically to the EBV associated antigens.
Cyclophosphamide and targeted dose topotecan with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue for solid tumors (2004)

8534 Background: Autologous HSCT is curative for some children with high-risk solid tumors and lymphomas; however, no conditioning regimen has proven superior. In this phase II trial, we studied the antitumor response of the novel combination of cyclophosphamide and targeted-dose topotecan with stem cell support. Methods: Patients less than 25 years of age with a chemosensitive solid tumor or lymphoma at high risk of relapse or progression were eligible. Topotecan was administered intravenously once daily for 10 days at an initial dose of 3 mg/m2 with subsequent doses adjusted to achieve an AUC of 100 ± 20 ng-hr/ml. During the last 5 days, cyclophosphamide with mesna uroprotection was administered following the topotecan. At level 1, the cyclophosphamide dose was 750 mg/m2/day; at level 2 the dose was 1000 mg/m2/day. Results: Between November 1998 and October 2002, 56 patients with a median age of 5.7 years (1.2–21.3) were enrolled. Diagnoses included neuroblastoma (46.4%), sarcoma (21.4%), lymphoma (16.1%), brain tumor (8.9%), Wilms' tumor (5.4%), and retinoblastoma (1.8%). 24 were in remission at HSCT (43%); 32 had persistent disease (57%). 35 patients received a bone marrow graft; 21 received peripheral blood stem cells. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 14 days; the median time to platelet engraftment was 23 days. 43 patients (77%) remain alive. 13 have died: 11 of disease recurrence and 2 of regimen-related toxicities. With a median follow-up of 20.1 months (0.7–59.4), 2 year overall survival was 93% for neuroblastoma, 78% for lymphomas 68% for sarcomas, and 22% for other tumors. 2 year disease-free survival (DFS) was 41% for neuroblastoma, 67% for lymphoma, 51% for sarcomas, and 33% for other tumors. The 2 year overall DFS was 50% for the entire cohort. The median time to recurrence was 5.8 months (1.2–15.2). Patients with residual disease at transplant had similar DFS as those in remission (51% vs. 49%). Conclusions: The combination of cyclophosphamide and targeted topotecan with autologous HSCT yields favorable outcomes for children with high-risk solid tumors and lymphomas, particularly sarcomas. Additional investigation is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystalline Thin Film Formation by Thermal Degradation of Metal-Loaded Hydrogels (2013)

Thermal degradation of metal-loaded hydrogel films is a powerful tool to synthesize high-quality metal oxide thin films with nanometric grain size, but the formation mechanism is still poorly known. We exploited fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure as a short-range probe to investigate the first stages of nucleation and the following development of ZnO nanoparticles in Zn-loaded hydrogels, annealed for 20 min at temperatures between 150 and 500 °C. The experimental results evidenced that the first nuclei of ZnO begin to form at 300 °C, whereas at 350 °C the ZnO nanoparticles are already well crystallized. By coupling the results with those obtained by thermal analysis, profilometry, HR-TEM, diffraction and μ-FTIR, a formation mechanism was suggested. The optical and electrical properties of the samples confirm that the polymer forms an insulating shell around the nanoparticles up to 450 °C: the intimate hybridization promotes stress relaxation during the annealing, yielding crack-free metal oxide films. Prolongation of the annealing time allowed the removal of the organic shell at 350 °C, yielding fully conductive, transparent ZnO films with particle size reduced to 7 nm.
Purification and crystallization of benzoylformate decarboxylase (1995)

A new large-scale purification method for benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida has allowed us to undertake an X-ray crystallographic study of the enzyme. The previously observed instability of the enzyme was overcome by addition of 100 microM thiamine pyrophosphate to buffers used in the purification. The final enzyme preparation was more than 97% pure, as determined by denaturing gel electrophoresis and densitometry. The mobility of the enzyme on a gel filtration column indicates that it is a tetramer of 57-kDa subunits. Large, single crystals of benzoylformate decarboxylase were grown from solutions of buffered polyethylene glycol 400, pH 8.5. The crystals diffract to beyond 1.6 A resolution and are stable for days to X-ray radiation. Analysis of X-ray data from the crystals, along with the newly determined quaternary structure, identifies the space group as I222. The unit cell dimensions are a = 82 A, b = 97 A, c = 138 A. An average Vm value for the crystals is consistent with one subunit per asymmetric unit. The subunits of the tetramer must be arranged with tetrahedral 222 symmetry.
THE ISOLATION OF CORONENE FROM A COAL-HYDROGENATION OIL (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleTHE ISOLATION OF CORONENE FROM A COAL-HYDROGENATION OILMILTON ORCHIN and JULIAN FELDMANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 5, 609–613Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01133a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01133a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure of 4,4'-Dibromodiphenylamine (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of 4,4'-DibromodiphenylamineNathan N. Crounse and L. Charles RaifordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 5, 875–876Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01221a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01221a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Here, There Be Dragons</i> : Charting Autophagy-Related Alterations in Human Tumors (2012)

Macroautophagy (or autophagy) is a catabolic cellular process that is both homeostatic and stress adaptive. Normal cells rely on basal levels of autophagy to maintain cellular integrity (via turnover of long-lived proteins and damaged organelles) and increased levels of autophagy to buoy cell survival during various metabolic stresses (via nutrient and energy provision through lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components). Autophagy can function in both tumor suppression and tumor progression, and is under investigation in clinical trials as a novel target for anticancer therapy. However, its role in cancer pathogenesis has yet to be fully explored. In particular, it remains unknown whether in vitro observations will be applicable to human cancer patients. Another outstanding question is whether there exists tumor-specific selection for alterations in autophagy function. In this review, we survey reported mutations in autophagy genes and key autophagy regulators identified in human tumor samples and summarize the literature regarding expression levels of autophagy genes and proteins in various cancer tissues. Although it is too early to draw inferences from this collection of in vivo studies of autophagy-related alterations in human cancers, their results highlight the challenges that must be overcome before we can accurately assess the scope of autophagy's predicted role in tumorigenesis.
Synthesis of New Substituted 4,5‐Dihydro‐3H‐spiro[1,5]benzoxazepine‐2,4′‐piperidine and Biological Properties. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Importance of Graft Placement and Task Complexity for Transplant‐Induced Recovery of Simple and Complex Sensorimotor Deficits in Dopamine Denervated Rats (1990)

The present study examined the role of graft placement and behavioural task complexity in determining the functional efficacy of intrastriatal grafts of dopamine-rich fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM) placed in the dopamine (DA) depleted striatum. The functional effects of two different striatal placements of VM grafts were evaluated using tests of drug-induced motor asymmetry, simple sensorimotor orienting response, and a more complex sensorimotor integrative task (disengage behaviour), in which the rat has to perform the orienting response while in the act of eating. Rats with complete unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the mesostriatal DA pathway, received either implants of dissociated fetal VM in the central or ventrolateral portions of the denervated striatum. Nongrafted lesioned rats served as controls. Nine weeks after grafting, the rats were tested on separate days for disengage behaviour, sensorimotor orientation, and amphetamine-induced rotational behaviour. Consistent with previous findings, the two graft placements had differential effects on drug-induced motor asymmetry and sensorimotor responses: the centrally placed VM grafts reversed amphetamine-induced rotational asymmetry but had little effect on the sensorimotor deficit, whereas the ventrolaterally placed grafts reversed the sensorimotor orientation deficits without any effect on the drug-induced rotation. In contrast, fetal VM grafts, regardless of their placement, did not ameliorate the observed deficits in disengage behaviour; that is the grafted rats that had recovered their sensorimotor response in the absence of food were unable to perform the same orienting response while eating. These results provide evidence that functional intrastriatal VM grafts which are capable of restoring sensorimotor responses or motor asymmetry fail to affect lesion-induced deficits in a task that requires more complex sensorimotor integration. It is suggested that the degree of anatomical integration of the grafted DA neurons into the host circuitry will determine the efficacy of the grafts to influence more complex sensorimotor integrative deficits in the DA lesion model.
A preliminary study of factors affecting the calibration stability of the iridium versus iridium-40 percent rhodium thermocouple (1987)

An iridium versus iridium-40% rhodium thermocouple was studied. Problems associated with the use of this thermocouple for high temperature applications (up to 2000 C) were investigated. The metallurgical studies included X-ray, macroscopic, resistance, and metallographic studies. The thermocouples in the as-received condition from the manufacturer revealed large amounts of internal stress caused by cold working during manufacturing. The thermocouples also contained a large amount of inhomogeneities and segregations. No phase transformations were observed in the alloy up to 1100 C. It was found that annealing the thermocouple at 1800 C for two hours, and then at 1400 C for 2 to 3 hours yielded a fine grain structure, relieving some of the strains, and making the wire more ductile. It was also found that the above annealing procedure stabilized the thermal emf behavior of the thermocouple for application below 1800 C (an improvement from + or - 1% to + or - 0.02% within the range of the test parameters used).
Comparison of Human and Porcine TSH Receptors (2000)

SCOPUS: le.j
ChemInform Abstract: The First Aldehyde‐Derived Crystalline Geminal Diol (III) Lacking Internal Electronic Stabilization (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE ATTENUATION LENGTH OF COSMIC RAY IRON IN THE ATMOSPHERE OBTAINED BY TIGER EXPERIMENT (2005)

A precise measurement of elemental abundances of galactic cosmic rays from charges Z = 20 to 34 was made by TIGER balloon experiment. Using the various path lengths in the atmosphere between 4 and 16 g/cm 2 from the TIGER flight data, we derived the attenuation length of iron nuclei with the energy above 2.5 GeV/n in the atmosphere. As the result, we obtained the attenuation length of 15.5 ± 0.6 g/cm 2 which is consistent with previous results of balloon measurements.
Fused silica substrate effects on capillary column performance (1990)

Abstract The effect of a pretreatment step on the polarity of fused silica capillary tubing prior to coating was evaluated. Columns were tested prior to and after coating with a 50% phenl stationary phase, and the chromatographic findings were compared. The results confirmed that the polarity of the fused silica substrate affects the inertness and reproducibility of the final coated columns.
DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF DETOURS OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES DURING HEAVY RAINS IN WESTERN JAPAN USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNOLOGY (2021)

In this study, we detect the detours of commercial vehicles during heavy rains in western Japan using machine learning technology and then analyze the cause of these detours. Due to heavy rains in 2018 in western Japan, road regulation was implemented over a wide area. GPS-generated probe trajectories revealed the detour routes taken. The necessity of taking detours is one of the traffic failures caused by disasters. To identify these detours, a road administrator must visually check and analyze the probe vehicle trajectory, which requires considerable labor. Therefore, in this study, we detected detours during a disaster by learning the probe vehicle trajectory under normal circumstances using a one-class support vector machine (OCSVM). Results of detour detection for Shikoku revealed that vehicles were using distant detour routes even when nearer detour routes were accessible. An analysis of the cause of these detours showed that the “risk” of the traffic failure was one factor.
Joint Interleaver and LDPC Code Parameter Design for Beyond G.Fast Systems (2018)

To achieve increased capacity over legacy twisted-pair copper, standards have considered use of increasingly high frequencies. The most recent digital subscriber line (DSL) standard, G.fast, carried forward the forward error correction scheme from the previous standards, namely the concatenated Reed Solomon and multi-dimensional trellis coded modulation scheme. In this work, a novel joint code and interleaver optimisation for low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded multicarrier systems with variable bit loading is proposed. This optimisation exploits the effects of both the channel and the modulation scheme on the soft information available at the LDPC decoder, through use of extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis. The performance of the proposed scheme is demonstrated for the discrete multi-tone system operating on a twisted-pair channel.