gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The purification and properties of ox liver short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (1984)

The FAD-containing short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was purified from ox liver mitochondria by using (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and chromatofocusing on PBE 94 resin. The enzyme is a tetramer, with a native Mr of approx. 162 000 and a subunit Mr of 41 000. Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are usually isolated in a green form. The chromatofocusing step in the purification presented here partially resolved the enzyme into a green form and a yellow form. In the dye-mediated assay system, the enzyme exhibited optimal activity towards 50 microM-butyryl-CoA at pH 7.1. Kinetic parameters were also determined for a number of other straight-chain acyl-CoA substrates. The u.v.- and visible-absorption characteristics of the native forms of the enzyme are described, together with complexes formed by addition of butyryl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA persulphide.
Less is More: Agent-Based Simulation as a Powerful Learning Tool in Materials Science (2005)

paper reports on a user study of a computer-aided learning environment for Materials Science. is an agent- based set of microworlds built in the NetLogo modeling environment, for investigating crystallization, solidification, metallic grain growth and annealing. Six undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory Materials Science course participated in the study, in which they could run experiments and build models. The rationale for the design is that the agent-based perspective may foster deeper understanding of the relevant scientific phenomena. A core feature is that students can apply a small number of local rules to capture fundamental causality structures underlying complex behaviors within a domain. We present evidence in the form of excerpts and samples of students' work, which demonstrates that experience with MaterialSim enabled them to identify and understand some of the unifying principles in Materials Science and build sophisticated new models based on those principles.
A Study of the Physical and Electrical Properties of Chrondrite Meteorites (1962)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21237/2/rl2112.0001.001.pdf
ENDOMMAGEMENT ET MECANIQUE DE LA RUPTURE - COMBINAISON D'APPROCHES POUR ETUDIER LE COMPORTEMENT D'OUVRAGES DEGRADES (1996)

La mecanique de l'endommagement appliquee au comportement du beton a un champ d'applications qui est traditionnellement l'etude des capacites de resistance d'ouvrages neufs. La mecanique de la rupture s'applique aussi aux ouvrages presentant des dommages initiaux sous la forme de fissures dues aux sollicitations de service, au vieillissement du beton et a sa maturation. Une equivalence entre ces deux theories est developpee. Ce parallele permet d'envisager d'utiliser alternativement les deux theories pour predire la reponse de structures. Deux applications sont presentees. La premiere est le calcul de l'energie de rupture par la theorie de l'endommagement. La seconde est un passage mecanique de la rupture (fissuration initiale) / mecanique de l'endommagement. Ce deuxieme exemple vise a fournir des informations relatives a la resistance residuelle d'ouvrages ayant subit des degradations. (A). (Voir fiche generale DIRR 132852).
Structure of the phage TP901-1 1.8 MDa baseplate suggests an alternative host adhesion mechanism (2012)

Phages of the Caudovirales order possess a tail that recognizes the host and ensures genome delivery upon infection. The X-ray structure of the approximately 1.8 MDa host adsorption device (baseplate) from the lactococcal phage TP901-1 shows that the receptor-binding proteins are pointing in the direction of the host, suggesting that this organelle is in a conformation ready for host adhesion. This result is in marked contrast with the lactococcal phage p2 situation, whose baseplate is known to undergo huge conformational changes in the presence of Ca(2+) to reach its active state. In vivo infection experiments confirmed these structural observations by demonstrating that Ca(2+) ions are required for host adhesion among p2-like phages (936-species) but have no influence on TP901-1-like phages (P335-species). These data suggest that these two families rely on diverse adhesion strategies which may lead to different signaling for genome release.
Genetic analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7 (2011)

Among the 21 O-polysaccharide (OPS) O-antigen-based serotypes described for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, those of O:6 and O:7 are unusual in that both contain colitose (4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-d-mannose or 4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexose), which has not otherwise been reported for this species, and the O:6 OPS also contains yersiniose A (4-C[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose), another unusual dideoxyhexose sugar. In Y. pseudotuberculosis, the genes for OPS synthesis generally cluster together between the hemH and gsk loci. Here, we present the sequences of the OPS gene clusters of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7, and the location of the genes required for synthesis of these OPSs, except that there is still ambiguity regarding allocation of some of the glycosyltransferase functions. The O:6 and O:7 gene clusters have much in common with each other, but differ substantially from the group of 13 gene clusters already sequenced, which share several features and sequence similarities. We also present a possible sequence of events for the derivation of the O:6 and O:7 gene clusters from the most closely related set of 13 sequenced previously.
Protective Efficacy of Passive Immunization with Monoclonal Antibodies in Animal Models of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection (2014)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype often cause severe pneumonia and multiple organ failure in humans, with reported case fatality rates of more than 60%. To develop a clinical antibody therapy, we generated a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb) ch61 that showed strong neutralizing activity against H5N1 HPAI viruses isolated from humans and evaluated its protective potential in mouse and nonhuman primate models of H5N1 HPAI virus infections. Passive immunization with MAb ch61 one day before or after challenge with a lethal dose of the virus completely protected mice, and partial protection was achieved when mice were treated 3 days after the challenge. In a cynomolgus macaque model, reduced viral loads and partial protection against lethal infection were observed in macaques treated with MAb ch61 intravenously one and three days after challenge. Protective effects were also noted in macaques under immunosuppression. Though mutant viruses escaping from neutralization by MAb ch61 were recovered from macaques treated with this MAb alone, combined treatment with MAb ch61 and peramivir reduced the emergence of escape mutants. Our results indicate that antibody therapy might be beneficial in reducing viral loads and delaying disease progression during H5N1 HPAI virus infection in clinical cases and combined treatment with other antiviral compounds should improve the protective effects of antibody therapy against H5N1 HPAI virus infection.
The Effect of an Oral Evening Dose of Nizatidine on Nocturnal and Peptone-Stimulated Gastric Acid and Gastrin Secretion (1987)

An evening oral dose of nizatidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist, was tested for its ability to suppress nocturnal gastric acid secretion and to inhibit food stimulated acid secretion the following day. Using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, nizatidine 30, 100, and 300 mg and placebo were compared in 8 male subjects with basal acid secretion greater than or equal to 3 mmol/h. Continuous nasogastric suction was started 2 h after oral dosing, and acid secretion was measured hourly overnight. Phenol red was used to determine the completeness of gastric aspiration. The following day, food stimulated acid secretion in response to 8% peptone meals was measured by intragastric titration to determine the carry-over effect of nizatidine. Serum gastrin levels were measured by RIA. Nizatidine inhibited overnight acid secretion in a dose-related manner with 30, 100, and 300 mg producing 57, 73, and 90% suppression. The effect was long-lasting, with nizatidine 300 mg decreasing acid secretion by 52% 10 h after administration. Peptone stimulated acid secretion on the following day was not inhibited by nizatidine. Gastrin levels did not differ significantly among the treatment groups. Nizatidine's effects on nocturnal acid secretion therefore resemble other H2-receptor antagonists.
Variation in Germination Response to Temperature in Rubber Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus: Asteraceae) and its Ecological Implications (1989)

Seed collections from 72 rubber rabbitbrush populations occupying a range of habitats in western North America were incubated at 3 C in the laboratory. Collections from warm desert habitats required less than 2 weeks to achieve 90% relative germination under these conditions, while collections from montane habitats showed delayed germination requiring up to 20 weeks. When 13 representative collections were incubated at constant temperatures from 5 to 30 C, all germinated completely at 30 C within 4 weeks. Collections from warm desert habitats germinated rapidly over the whole range of temperatures. Montane collections sometimes exhibited dormancy at intermediate temperatures (15 and 25 C) even though they were ultimately able to germinate at lower temperatures. Results suggest that dormancy is conditional and temperature-dependent in this species. Chilling the seeds extends the temperature range for germination downward to include the chill temperature itself. Germination response to temperature and its variation as a function of habitat are of apparent adaptive significance, serving to time germination so that the probability of seedling survival is maximized in each habitat. Within populations, response to temperature varied as a function of year of harvest and of within-year harvest date, indicating that germination patterns are probably not under rigid genetic control but represent an integration of genetic and environmental factors.
Calculation and Correction of Coupling-Induced Resonance Frequency Shifts in Traveling-Wave Dielectric Resonators (2008)

We study the CIFS effect in traveling-wave resonators. The physical source of CIFS is revealed and an efficient semi-analytical approximation method for 3-D structures is provided. Method to correct CIFS is also proposed.
Modulation by serotonin of glutamate-induced lethality in mice. (1991)

To determine the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, the effects on glutamate-induced lethality of drugs that modify serotonergic transmission were studied in mice. Monosodium glutamate (MSG; 6-10 g/kg, i.p.) produced a dose-related increase in lethality in mice. Pretreatment with reserpine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., 5 hr) resulted in an increase in MSG-induced lethality. p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 300 mg/kg, i.p. 24 hr) specifically produced a reduction of more than 60% in the level of 5-HT in the brain. PCPA-treated mice were also more sensitive to the lethal effects of MSG. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine (300 mg/kg, i.p. 5 hr) produced a significant reduction in the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, but the sensitivity to the lethal effects of MSG was unchanged. L-Tryptophan (300 and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP; 3-30 mg/kg, i.p.), precursors of serotonin (5-HT), protected mice to a significant extent against MSG-induced lethality, in a dose-related manner. 1-(m-Trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP; 50 mg/kg, i.p.), an agonist of 5-HT1 receptor, was also associated with protection against MSG-induced lethality. This protective effect was not observed in PCPA- or methysergide-treated mice. These results suggested that 5-HT in the brain may play an inhibitory role in MSG-induced excitotoxicity.
An analogue VLSI model of periodicity extraction in the human auditory system (2003)

This paper presents an electronic system that extracts the periodicity of a sound. It uses three analogue VLSI building blocks: a silicon cochlea, two inner-hair-cell circuits and two spiking neuron chips. The silicon cochlea consists of a cascade of filter sections that filter the input sound. The system uses correlation between two spike trains created from different outputs of the silicon cochlea to obtain very selective filters, i.e., filters that respond only to a very narrow range of periodicities, but that at the same time still respond quickly. This is an advantage over traditional band-pass filters, where an increase in selectivity has to be traded off against a decrease in response time.
Benefit of complementary methods for characterizing sandstone cores (2007)

This Paper is based on detailed mineralogical, structural, petrophysical and geochemical studies of sandstone core samples, using routine methods. These include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Computer Tomography (CT) Scanning, particle size analysis, point counting based on petrographic thin sections, Environmental Scanning Microscopy (ESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of combing these complementary methods of measurements in the characterization of sandstone cores. Four types of sandstones (Slick Rock Aeolian, Fife, Locharbriggs and Berea sandstones) that differ in grain size, porosity and mineralogy have been characterized. The results of the different methods used were found to be consistent with each other, but the combination of a variety of methods has allowed a more complete characterization of the rock samples than each method used on its own. This study has shown that rock heterogeneity at the sub-cm scale may have a significant effect on reservoir petrophysical characterization.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOLYSE VON 1,2,3‐BENZOTRIAZIN‐4(3H)‐THION (1970)

Abstract Durch Behandlung der Nitrile (Ia)‐(Ic) mit Schwefelwasserstoff sind die Thiobenzamide (IIa)‐(IIc) zugänglich, die über eine Diazotierung die 1,2,3‐Benzotriazinthione (IIIa)‐(IIIc) geben.
Effect of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade on Recovery of Coronary Flow and Left Ventricular Function After the Placement of Coronary-Artery Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1998)

Abciximab had important effects beyond the maintenance of large-vessel patency. It improved the recovery of microvascular perfusion and concomitantly enhanced the recovery of contractile function in the area at risk.
On the Cultural Identity and Ecclesiastical Architecture of Colonial City Goa, India (2008)

The Portuguese conquered Goa in 1510 and soon converted a large number of Goans to Christianity. The state and the church worked in an open collaboration, suppressing the Hindu faith and penalizing heresy among converts. The Portuguese continued to rule Goa, until the Indian army marched in 1961. Nevertheless, the Portuguese left behind a legacy in architecture, culture and attitudes that showed distinctly in Goa, especially among Christians. Today, luxuriant foliage towers over the ruined remains of Goa`s many palaces, civic structures, and churches. Amon the latter, some splendid 16th and 17th century structures of the old colonial capital, Old Goa, survive. Ranging in style from the early colonial adaptations of metropolitan prototypes to later hybrid mixtures of Western and Indianized motives, this multitude of ecclesiastical structures offers much insight into the objectives and practical realities of Portuguese-sponsored construction in Goa. But the legacy was to create a problem. The Goan Hindu wanted to wipe out this legacy but the Christians wanted to preserve it. The Christians felt that it was this legacy which gave Goa a distinct identity.
Aeromicrobium halocynthiae sp. nov., a taurocholic acid-producing bacterium isolated from the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (2010)

A marine bacterium, strain KME 001(T), was isolated from the siphon tissue of a marine ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, collected off the coast of Gangneung, Korea. Strain KME 001(T) was a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KME 001(T) clustered with the genus Aeromicrobium and was closely related to Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli, Aeromicrobium erythreum and Aeromicrobium ponti with 97.7, 97.6 and 97.5 % sequence similarities, respectively. The strain was capable of growth at a variety of temperatures (10-42°C) and over a broad pH range (5.0-10.0). NaCl was required for robust growth of the strain. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)). The predominant fatty acids were C(18 : 1)ω9c, C(16 : 0) and 10-methyl C(18 : 0). The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses showed that DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KME 001(T) and its nearest neighbours, A. ginsengisoli KCTC 19207(T), A. erythreum KCCM 41104(T) and A. ponti KACC 20565(T), were 49.6, 57.1 and 63.5 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain KME 001(T) was 75.9mol%. Chemical investigation of the liquid culture medium of strain KME 001(T) led to the isolation of taurocholic acid as a major secondary metabolite. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain KME 001(T) is classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobium halocynthiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KME 001(T) (=JCM 15749(T)=KCCM 90079(T)).
The colorimetric determination of less than 0·001% sulphur as carbon disulphide in benzoles (1947)

Abstract A colorimetric and quantitative test for estimating small quantities of thiophen in pure benzene has been published1 recently. A companion test is required for small quantities of carbon disulphide. The test for thiophen is applicable only to samples free from unsaturated hydrocarbons, but the test described below for carbon disulphide may be applied to any sample of benzole or petrol provided it is practically free from colour.
Readout of single spins via Fano resonances in quantum point contacts (2005)

We examine the feasibility of performing single-spin readout in a small quantum dot (SQD), using a quantum point contact (QPC) that is coupled to it by a larger dot with a quasicontinuous spectrum. When the Fermi energy in the QPC is approximately equal to one of the discrete levels of the SQD, a Fano resonance is observed in its conductance. We propose a procedure that uses such Fano peaks to determine the spin projection of a single electron in the SQD, in the presence of an external magnetic field that causes Zeeman splitting of its levels. We also show that this structure can exhibit Rabi oscillations when subject to microwave irradiation.
Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2 (1993)

Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Stable, high-level cytokine expression was achieved. The in vitro growth of transduced tumors was unaltered. Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. The expression of putative melanoma antigens (MAGE)-1 and MAGE-3 was unaltered by cytokine transduction. In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. IL-7 transduction results in stable cytokine expression and phenotypic alterations that appear to be favorable for enhanced immunogenicity and it deserves clinical testing.
Relationship Among Glycolytic Phenotype, Grade, and Histological Subtype in Ovarian Carcinoma (2011)

The glycolytic phenotype in epithelial ovarian cancer, expressed as SUVmax, is strong. However, tumor FDG uptake is unrelated to tumor grade and histologic subtype implying that F-18 FDG PET/CT cannot be used to predict tumor aggressiveness or histology.
Application of Network DEA Model to Vertically Integrated Electric Utilities (2007)

Liberalization of the electric power industry has been underway in various countries. Under this situation, it is necessary for electric power companies to improve their management efficiency in order to survive in a competitive market. This study examines management efficiency of vertically integrated electric companies, which consist of several divisions, such as generation, transmission, distribution and so forth. Previous studies mainly focused on efficiency of only a specific division independently. However, we should evaluate firm-level management efficiency based on divisional efficiencies, because these divisions are closely linked each other. For measuring firm-level efficiency, we apply a network DEA model that considers a streamlined relationship among divisions under vertical integration. Furthermore we newly proposed a constrained network DEA model to obtain more practical efficiency index.
Robust Multilingual Part-of-Speech Tagging via Adversarial Training (2017)

Adversarial training (AT) is a powerful regularization method for neural networks, aiming to achieve robustness to input perturbations. Yet, the specific effects of the robustness obtained from AT are still unclear in the context of natural language processing. In this paper, we propose and analyze a neural POS tagging model that exploits AT. In our experiments on the Penn Treebank WSJ corpus and the Universal Dependencies (UD) dataset (27 languages), we find that AT not only improves the overall tagging accuracy, but also 1) prevents over-fitting well in low resource languages and 2) boosts tagging accuracy for rare / unseen words. We also demonstrate that 3) the improved tagging performance by AT contributes to the downstream task of dependency parsing, and that 4) AT helps the model to learn cleaner word representations. 5) The proposed AT model is generally effective in different sequence labeling tasks. These positive results motivate further use of AT for natural language tasks.