gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Regenerative Solutions Induce Rapid Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with No Evidence of Transformation or Osteogenic Differentiation (2013)

Adipose tissue is commonly used in plastic surgery procedures and is also a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Since MSCs are functionally plastic cells, adipose tissue may provide a promising cell source for regenerative medicine applications. We have developed two mixed growth factor formulations (termed "dermal" and "fat" factor formulations) to be used with autologous adipose tissue to help induce the regeneration of human skin and subcutaneous tissue. In this study, we investigate the effect of these formulations on proliferation and differentiation of MSCs obtained from human bone marrow and from adipose tissues. Lower concentrations of both formulations had no effect on MSC proliferation, but induced rapid adipogenic differentiation. At higher concentrations, both formulations induced MSC death. There was no evidence of osteogenesis ormalignant transformation at any concentration, as judged by absence of foci formation, inability of the cells to be serially passaged and absence of colonies in methylcellulose matrix. Thus, at optimal doses these factor formulations promote rapid differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic cells, with no evidence of cell transformation or osteogenic induction. These studies have implications for wound healing and tissue regeneration, as well as cosmetic applications to enhance the deficits seen in aging skin and in facial volume loss.
Inhibitory effects of caffeine and its metabolites on intracellular lipid accumulation in murine 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (2008)

Abstract To understand the mechanisms of the anti‐obesity effects of dietary caffeine, the effects of caffeine and its metabolites on adipocyte differentiation and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in murine 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were investigated. Caffeine did not inhibit the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes to mature adipocytes, but it did suppress the intracellular lipid accumulation after complete differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner (0.125‐1.0 mM). This effect was also observed in 1,3,7‐trimethyluric acid‐ 3,7‐dimethyluric acid‐ and 5‐acetylamino‐6‐formylamino‐3‐methyluracil‐treated cells. Caffeine also inhibited insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. Treatment with theophylline, paraxanthine, 1‐methylxanthine (MX), 3‐MX, or 7‐MX also inhibited glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes. These results suggest that the anti‐obesity activity of dietary caffeine is due to the additive and/or synergistic inhibitory effects of caffeine and its metabolites on intracellular lipid accumulation and that caffeine does not affect adipocyte differentiation.
5-Methoxypsoralen, the melanogenic additive in sun-tan preparations, is tumorigenic in mice exposed to 365 nm u.v. radiation (1981)

5-Methoxypsoralen (5 MOP), the melanogenic component present in several suntan preparations was synthesized and tested by topical applications in inbred XVII nc/Z albino mice combined with 365 nm irradiation with the aim of establishing the relative carcinogenic activity of this compound, as compared to 8-methoxypsoralen (8 MOP) and psoralen. 85% of the animals developed tumors and 25% had multiple tumors. Additional treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate raised the tumor incidence to 100%. Tumors caused by 5 MOP show much longer latent periods than those induced by psoralen and 8 MOP. Most of the tumors were rapidly growing squamous cell carcinomas giving metastases in 20% of the animals. The possible long-term effects that might follow the use of 5 MOP in humans are discussed.
Temperature Measurement of Molten Metal Surface in Electron Beam Melting of Titanium Alloys. (1992)

The objective of this study was to establish the technology for measuring the surface temperature of the metal pool in Electron Beam Melting (EBM) of titanium and titanium alloys.The experiments were carried out using the 80 kW×2 EB furnace. Under various pressures in the chamber, the temperature of titanium or titanium alloy pools were measured by a two color pyrometer, with two wave lengths for the measurements were 500 and 580 nm; and by an optical spectrometer with range from 400 to 800 nm. Tungsten-Rhenium (5/26) thermocouples were used for the correction of the optically measured temperature by directly immersion in the metal pool.Results obtained were as follows;(1) Only when the pressure in the chamber was below 0.04 Pa, the two color pyrometer could be used for the temperature measurements of titanium pool.(2) In case of pressure above 0.04 Pa, the reading of the two color pyrometer was disturbed by emitted light especially with the spectral-line of 500 nm in titanium vapor. In these cases, the temperature should be computed from the base line of the visible light spectrum.(3) The relationship between the surface temperature of the titanium alloy pool in the hearth and EB irradiation power could be well expressed by a simple heat balance model.
METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF HARDENED CONCRETE: EARLY FROST DAMAGE TO PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (1969)

WITH THE INCREASE OF WINTER CONSTRUCTION, PROTECTION AGAINST EARLY FREEZING IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES IS VITAL. YET VERY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT FROST DAMAGED CONCRETE. A GREAT DEAL OF THE LITERATURE ON WINTER CONCRETING AND EARLY FROST DAMAGE COMES FROM THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO BRING MUCH OF THE EARLY FROST DAMAGE INFORMATION TOGETHER UNDER ONE COVER AND TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: (1) WHAT IS EARLY FROST DAMAGE IN CONCRETE AND HOW DOES IT AFFECT A CONCRETE STRUCTURE? (2) WHAT TEMPERATURE-TIME CONDITIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR DAMAGE TO OCCUR? (3) WHAT INFORMATION IS NEEDED TO DETERMINE IF DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED? AND (4) HOW CAN EARLY FROST DAMAGE BE IDENTIFIED? AN EXTENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTAINING ARTICLES DISCUSSING BOTH THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF EARLY FROST DAMAGE IS PRESENTED. /AUTHOR/
Multi-enzyme electrode using hydrogen-ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (1986)

The feasibility of a multi-enzyme electrode for simultaneous determination of glucose and urea has been investigated. The multi-enzyme electrode consisted of three hydrogen-ion-sensitive field-effect transistors ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> H-ISFET) with a platinum wire as a pseudoreference electrode. The first <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> H-ISFET had an immobilized glucose oxidase (GOD) membrane, the second one had an immobilized urease membrane, and the third one had no enzyme membrane. The enzymes were immobilized by a water-soluble photocrosslinkable polymer over the pH-ISFET's, and the enzyme-photocrosslinked polymer membranes thus obtained were further hardened by the reaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) that has been added to the enzyme-polymer mixture with glutaraldehyde. The multi-enzyme electrode can be used for determining glucose and urea over the concentration range 50-1000 mg/l. The multi-enzyme electrode was shown to be potentially promising, although it requires some improvements for practical applications.
Resetting of regional preload due to ventricular shape change alters diastolic and systolic performance (1993)

The diastolic and systolic pressure of one ventricle is increased by an increase in volume and/or pressure of the opposite ventricle; however, a mechanism for the ventricular interaction remains unclear. We hypothesized that the shape change of one ventricle elicited by the opposite ventricle would lead to resetting of the regional length, which may explain the ventricular interaction. We used 15 cross-circulated isovolumically contracting canine hearts in which both ventricular volumes were independently controlled. Diastolic regional segment area was calculated by multiplying circumferential and longitudinal lengths on right ventricular free wall (RVFW; n = 6), interventricular septum (IVS; n = 11), and left ventricular (LV) FW (n = 12). The regional area at relatively small volumes of both ventricles were expressed as 100%. With constant RV volume, increasing LV from 7 to 19 ml increased RV diastolic and systolic pressures by 2.7 and 5.5 mmHg, respectively. Conversely, increasing RV volume increased LV diastolic and systolic pressures by 2.3 and 7.5 mmHg, respectively. Increasing LV volume increased RVFW regional area from 121.0 to 124.6% (P < 0.01) and increased IVS regional area from 103.3 to 108.7% (P < 0.01), whereas the RV volume was held constant. Increasing RV volume also increased LVFW and IVS regional areas from 109.9 to 111.6% (P < 0.01) and from 106.8 to 108.9% (P < 0.05), respectively. Ventricular shape change elicited by ventricular interaction will increase the regional wall area, even though the volume of the chamber is unchanged. The increase in the regional area alters the position of the tissue on its resting and active length-tension relations and, thus, leads to enhancement of the chamber pressure.
Effects Of Isoflurane Anesthesia On Murine Glucose Metabolism (2010)

Maintaining optimal blood glucose (Glu) and insulin (Ins) levels is essential for physiological studies in anesthetized mice. This study examined the temporal effects of varying levels of isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia on blood Glu and Ins levels in mice for 90 min. post‐induction. Male C57BL/6 mice were allowed to breath freely ISO at 1 (n=5), 1.5 (n=7), and 2.0% (n=8) in 100% O 2 while body temperature was maintained at 37.1±0.4°C. ECG and respiratory flowrate were monitored. A 0.6μl tail vein blood aliquot was extracted at 5 min. intervals for Glu measurements. Ins was measured from 1ml arterial blood at 1 and 2% ISO in 20 mice euthanized at t=0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 min. Mean heart rates (±SD) were 532±39, 488±39, and 449±23 bpm at 1, 1.5, and 2% ISO respectively (p<0.0001). Glu concentrations (mg/dl) ranged between 155±28–196±76 [1% ISO], 162±43–239±38 [1.5% ISO], and 159±52–205±49 [2.0% ISO]. Ins values ranged between 3.5±0.3–4.2±0.6ng/dl [2% ISO], and 3.4±0.5–4.2±0.9ng/dl at 1% ISO. Glu values were significantly higher in the ISO=1.5 and 2% groups compared to the 1% group (p<0.0001). No significant temporal change was noted in Glu values at the 3 ISO doses. Ins concentrations did not differ significantly between groups. The results confirm that ISO levels ≥1.5% produce a mild hyperglycemic effect, prominent at later time periods post‐induction. Research supported by the Hellenic Bank and the Research Promotion Foundation.
LTE‐Advanced (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction LTE-Advanced and IMT-Advanced Requirements 3GPP LTE-Advanced Study Phase Carrier Aggregation Downlink Multi-antenna Enhancements Uplink Multi-antenna Techniques Heterogeneous Networks Relays Release 11 Outlook Conclusions References
Normalized Cut and Image Segmentation (1997)

We propose a novel approach for solving the perceptual grouping problem in vision. Rather than focusing on local features and their consistencies in the image data, our approach aims at extracting the global impression of an image. We treat image segmentation as a graph partitioning problem and propose a novel global criterion, the normalized cut, for segmenting the graph. The normalized cut criterion measures both the total dissimilarity between the different groups as well as the total similarity within the groups. We show that an efficient computational technique based on a generalized eigenvalue problem can be used to optimize this criterion. We have applied this approach to segmenting static images as well as motion sequences and found results very encouraging
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Acylfulvene and (−)‐Irofulven (2006)

Tumortherapeutika: (−)-Acylfulven und (−)-Irofulven wurden mit einer Reaktionsfolge hergestellt, die die Enin-Ringschlussmetathese nutzt, um die spirobicyclischen AB-Ringe zu erhalten. Weitere Synthesemerkmale sind die effiziente Einführung des Stereozentrums an C2 durch eine Aldolreaktion, eine diazenvermittelte reduktive allylische Transposition und eine Ringschlussmetathese-Oxidations-Sequenz. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z602011_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mono- and Multilayers of Oligoethylene Oxide-Modified Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) on ITO and Glass Surfaces (2003)

Dichloromethane-soluble poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)s modified with oligoethylene oxide chains of different lengths (PEDT−EO and PEDT−PEO) were produced by anodic coupling. PEDT−EO solutions were used to produce mono- and multilayer films on ITO−glass electrodes and float glass sheets. Layer-by-layer alternation of doped PEDT−EO with poly(p-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) or doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) sulfonate produced electroactive and robust multilayered surfaces with low surface resistivity (5 × 105 Ω/□ for a PEDT−EO/PSS 10-bilayer). Analogous multilayers could be built from doped PEDT−EO and polyammonium polycations. Doped PEDT−EO forms with PSS the first reported electrostatically bound polyionic multilayers in which the positive charge is delocalized over a polythiophene backbone.
Disclosure of research results in genetic studies of Parkinson's disease caused by <i>LRRK2</i> mutations (2015)

With the advent of large genetic studies examining both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, whether and how to disclose genetic research results have become pressing questions. The need is particularly acute in the case of LRRK2 research: Movement centers worldwide are recruiting cohorts of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their family members, including asymptomatic carriers. Clinical features and treatment are complex and evolving, and disclosure policies vary at different sites and have been modified during the course of some studies. We present the major ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and honesty that should guide disclosure policies in studies of families with LRRK2 mutations. We make recommendations regarding genetic counseling, policies of either active or passive disclosure, responsibilities of funders to budget for genetic counseling, clinical genetic testing where locally required for disclosure, and aspects of study design to avoid mandatory disclosure whenever feasible. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Enhanced nonlinear optics in photonic-crystal microcavities (2007)

<a href="http://oe.osa.org/virtual_issue.cfm?vid=36">Focus Serial: Frontiers of Nonlinear Optics</a> Nonlinear photonic-crystal microresonators offer unique fundamental ways of enhancing a variety of nonlinear optical processes. This enhancement improves the performance of nonlinear optical devices to such an extent that their corresponding operation powers and switching times are suitable for their implementation in realistic ultrafast integrated optical devices. Here, we review three different nonlinear optical phenomena that can be strongly enhanced in photonic crystal microcavities. First, we discuss a system in which this enhancement has been successfully demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, namely, a photonic crystal cavity showing optical bistability properties. In this part, we also present the physical basis for this dramatic improvement with respect to the case of traditional nonlinear devices based on nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalons. Secondly, we show how nonlinear photonic crystal cavities can be also used to obtain complete second-harmonic frequency conversion at very low input powers. Finally, we demonstrate that the nonlinear susceptibility of materials can be strongly modified via the so-called Purcell effect, present in the resonant cavities under study.
Polarization Effects and Their Minimization in an Infrared Single-mode Fibre-optic Double-fourier Stellar Interferometer (1995)

In astronomical double-Fourier interferometry, stretching a single-mode fibre to generate optical path length modulation is an attractive alternative solution to the more classical bulk delay line. However, such an operation is not free from side effects, one of them being the perturbation of the radiation state of polarization by the waveguide. We present both theoretical and experimental investigations of the polarization behaviour of single-mode fibres in a double-Fourier interferometer. Changes in the state of polarization can be induced by asymmetries in the fibre parameters, and macrobending, twisting, etc., but the main cause of perturbation is the stretch of the fibre which is wrapped onto a piezoelectric tube driven by a high voltage. Not only are these fibre-stretch-induced polarization effects chromatic, but also they depend on the stretching state. The general consequences of the polarization perturbations for double-Fourier interferometric imaging are to distort the source's reconstructed spectral and spatial brightness distribution, depending upon the fringe detection scheme. Polarization effects can be minimized by introducing a polarization controller or better yet, as is proposed here, the fibre can be wrapped in a specific way to neutralize the perturbations.
Positive association of the pericentrin (PCNT) gene with major depressive disorder in the Japanese population. (2009)

Our results suggest that genetic variations in the PCNT gene may play a significant role in the etiology of MDD in the Japanese population.
Abstract CN04-03: Esophageal cancer and the tumor microenvironment (2010)

Abstract Squamous cell cancers are the most common type of epithelially derived human cancers and arise from a number of diverse sites. They share a number of common genetic alterations and environmental exposures. Employing oral and esophageal cancers as prototypes, we have developed three-dimensional (3D) or organoptypic models that represent a form of human tissue engineering (Genes and Development 2007; Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008). These approaches underscore the combinatorial roles of EGFR signaling and p53 mutation in fostering tumor cell migration and invasion in the microenvironment. Microarray analyses reveal specific effectors in the adhesion family of genes that might be exploited as biomarkers for detection and targets for new therapeutics. We have also generated genetically engineered mouse models that reveal the effects of cyclin D1 overexpression in concert with p53 loss, as well as the role of p120-catenin loss in the initiation and progression of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):CN04-03.
Flavin-Catalyzed Insertion of Oxygen into Rhenium–Methyl Bonds (2012)

Flavins and related molecules catalyze organic Baeyer-Villiger reactions. Combined experimental and DFT studies indicate that these molecules also catalyze the insertion of oxygen into metal-carbon bonds through a Baeyer-Villiger-like transition state.
Quantitative determination of heterocyclic amines in food products. (1995)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) may be formed during heat-processing of proteinaceous foods. All HAs are mutagenic in the Ames test, and many are animal and non-human primate carcinogens. The information on human dietary exposure is, therefore, of primary importance to accurately assess this health risk. A sensitive multiresidue method for quantifying ng/g HA levels, i.e., MeIQx, IQx, 7,8-DiMeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, IQ, MeIQ, PhIP, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, A alpha C and MeA alpha C, in food products by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection was developed. Isolation from cooked foods was performed in a three-step solid-phase extraction procedure using cartridges of diatomaceous earth, propylsulfonic acid silica and octadecyl silica. Quantitative analysis in food products was done using the standard addition quantification model. Levels of PhIP and A alpha C exceeding 100 ng/g were found in grilled fish as well as grill scrapings, whereas of the commercial products investigated less than 50% contained detectable levels of heterocyclic amines, generally MeIQx in the range of 1 to 5 ng/g. Few samples, e.g., some Process Flavours, needed further purification and more selective detection methods to increase the sensitivity of the assay. Such products were further purified by solid-phase extraction with TSKCM650 gel, and analyzed with thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Characterization of a Hemoglobin Protease Secreted by the Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain EB1 (1998)

Many pathogenic bacteria can use heme compounds as a source of iron. Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are capable of using hemoglobin as an iron source. However, the mechanism of heme acquisition from hemoglobin is not understood for this microorganism. We present the first molecular characterization of a hemoglobin protease (Hbp) from a human pathogenic E. coli strain. The enzyme also appeared to be a heme-binding protein. Affinity purification of this bifunctional protein enabled us to identify the extracellular gene product, and to clone and analyze its gene. A purification procedure developed for Hbp allowed us to perform functional studies. The protein interacted with hemoglobin, degraded it and subsequently bound the released heme. These results suggest that the protein is involved in heme acquisition by this human pathogen. Hbp belongs to the so-called IgA1 protease-like proteins, as indicated by the kinetics of its membrane transfer and DNA sequence similarity. The gene of this protein appears to be located on the large pColV-K30 episome, that only has been isolated from human and animal pathogens. All these characteristics indicate that Hbp may be an important virulence factor that may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of E. coli infections.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis IMMUNOLOGIC CONCOMITANTS OF SMALL INTESTINAL DISEASE AND RELATIONSHIP TO HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN HL-A8 (1974)

In the present study the relation between the gluten-sensitive intestinal lesion observed in dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and in gluten-sensitive enteropathy (coeliac sprue) (GSE) was analyzed. Jejunal IgA synthesis in DH was estimated from the extent of incorporation of [(14)C]leucine into IgA in jejunal biopsy specimens during short-term in vitro culture. Patients with DH have significantly elevated incorporation values as compared to normal control individuals (18,880+/-13,614 vs. 5,830+/-3,190 cpm/mg tissue protein/ 90 min) (P < 0.02) and the degree of elevation correlates well with the degree of morphologic abnormality. Thus patients with DH are similar to patients with GSE where elevated local mucosal IgA synthesis has also been observed. By using both morphologic and immunologic criteria for evaluating intestinal status, patients with DH and intestinal disease were distinguished from patients with DH free of intestinal disease. Of the eight patients in the former group, seven carried HL-A8 (87.5%), an incidence which is strikingly similar to that observed in patients with GSE alone (88.5%). In contrast, of the seven patients in the latter group (without gastro-intestinal disease) two had HL-A8, an incidence (27%) not significantly different from that in the normal population (20%) (P > 0.1).Thus, both in respect to local mucosal increase in IgA synthetic rates and in respect to the association with HL-A8, the intestinal lesion of DH is similar to that of GSE.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of Multitargeted Antifolate LY231514. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.