gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Plants with Input Saturation Nonlinearities (1987)

This paper considers control design for systems with input magnitude saturation. Four examples, 2 SISO and 2 MIMO, are used to illustrate the properties of several existing schemes. A new method based on a modification of conventional antiwindup compensation is introduced. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the problem of integral windup for saturating plants and conventional schemes for dealing with it.
Development of bio-based fine chemical production through synthetic bioengineering (2014)

Fine chemicals that are physiologically active, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, flavoring agents as well as additives for foods, feed, and fertilizer are produced by enzymatically or through microbial fermentation. The identification of enzymes that catalyze the target reaction makes possible the enzymatic synthesis of the desired fine chemical. The genes encoding these enzymes are then introduced into suitable microbial hosts that are cultured with inexpensive, naturally abundant carbon sources, and other nutrients. Metabolic engineering create efficient microbial cell factories for producing chemicals at higher yields. Molecular genetic techniques are then used to optimize metabolic pathways of genetically and metabolically well-characterized hosts. Synthetic bioengineering represents a novel approach to employ a combination of computer simulation and metabolic analysis to design artificial metabolic pathways suitable for mass production of target chemicals in host strains. In the present review, we summarize recent studies on bio-based fine chemical production and assess the potential of synthetic bioengineering for further improving their productivity.
Tungsten(VI) and Molybdenum(VI) Complexes with Soft Thioether Ligand Coordination – Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Studies (2007)

Abstract Reaction of WX 6 (X = Cl or Br) with O(SiMe 3 ) 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 , followed by addition of MeCN and a further equivalent of O(SiMe 3 ) 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 gives [WO 2 X 2 (MeCN) 2 ] in situ, which subsequently react with the dithioethers MeS(CH 2 ) 2 SMe, i PrS(CH 2 ) 2 S i Pr or 1,4‐dithiane to afford the first series of W VI thioether complexes, [WO 2 X 2 (dithioether)]. The very moisture‐sensitive yellow complexes have been characterised by microanalysis, IR, 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy, which indicate cis ‐dioxido and trans ‐dihalide arrangements in the monomers with two thioether donor atoms completing the very distorted octahedral geometry (confirmed by a crystal structure of [WO 2 Cl 2 { i PrS(CH 2 ) 2 S i Pr}]). The strongly polymerised WO 2 X 2 compounds themselves are not useful synthons for the preparation of the W VI thioether complexes and substitution of the dimethoxyethane ligand in [WO 2 Cl 2 {MeO(CH 2 ) 2 OMe}] by dithioethers is also incomplete. Molybdenum(VI) dioxidodichloride thioether complexes of the form [MoO 2 Cl 2 (L)] (L = i PrS(CH 2 ) 2 S i Pr, 1,4‐dithiane, κ 2 ‐[15]aneS 2 O 3 , κ 2 ‐[14]aneS 4 and κ 2 ‐[12]aneS 4 ) ([15]aneS 2 O 3 = 1,4‐dithia‐7,10,13‐trioxacyclopentadecane, [14]aneS 4 = 1,4,8,11‐tetrathiacyclotetradecane, [12]aneS 4 = 1,4,7,10‐tetrathiacyclododecane) and the unusual dinuclear [Mo 2 O 4 Cl 4 { o ‐C 6 H 4 (CH 2 SMe) 2 } 2 ] are obtained by direct treatment of MoO 2 Cl 2 with the appropriate ligand. The [Mo 2 O 4 Cl 4 { o ‐C 6 H 4 (CH 2 SMe) 2 } 2 ] adopts an unexpected metallocyclic structure with cis ‐MoCl 2 units and bridging bidentate dithioether (confirmed crystallographically). The structure of a new polymorph of [WO 2 Cl 2 {MeO(CH 2 ) 2 OMe}] is also described.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ultra-long-haul transmission of 7×42.9Gbit/s PS-QPSK and PM-BPSK (2011)

We report on ultra-long haul transmission of polarization-switched QPSK (PS-QPSK) and polarization-multiplexed BPSK (PM-BPSK) at 42.9Gbit/s per WDM channel. Although achieving similar transmission distances in excess of 13,600km, PS-QPSK offers a significant reduction in receiver complexity due to a lower symbol-rate.
Immunological Unresponsiveness in Leprosy (1984)

The various forms of leprosy form a clinical and immunological spectrum which offers extraordinary possibilities for insight into immunoregulatory mechanisms in man. At one pole, tuberculoid leprosy, patients develop high levels of cell-mediated immunity which ultimately results in killing of bacilli in the tissues, albeit often with damage to nerves. At the lepromatous pole, patients exhibit selective immunological unresponsiveness to antigens of M. leprae. Even though all currently known protein species of M. leprae and BCG are cross-reactive, lepromatous patients unreactive to M. leprae antigens frequently respond strongly to tuberculin. In vitro experiments suggest the existence of lepromin-induced suppressor activity, mediated by both monocytes and T cells. The T suppressor cells have the T8 phenotype of which 50% express the activation markers, Ia and FcR. The one unique species of antigen of the leprosy bacillus is a phenolic glycolipid, and it appears that the TS cells largely recognize the terminal trisaccharide of this unique antigen. Depletion of the TS cells restores in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes to lepromin in a portion of lepromatous patients, and addition of IL-2-containing supernatants partially restores responsiveness to M. leprae antigens. Vaccination of lepromatous patients with a mixture of M. leprae and live BCG restores cell-mediated immunity in the majority of lepromatous patients, and concomitantly reduces the in vitro suppressor activity and number of activated T8 cells. These experiments suggest the existence of stage-of-disease related suppressor cells in leprosy which appear to block the responsiveness of TH capable of responding to either specific or cross-reactive mycobacterial antigens. The mode of action of these TS appears to be the inhibition of production of IL-2 and other lymphokines. Successful immunotherapeutic vaccination appears to overcome this block in the majority of patients.
Sepsis and Gastrointestinal Bleeding (1972)

From the Department of Surgery of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati General Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
Shading and Stereo in Early Perception of Shape and Reflectance (1997)

Recent experiments involving shaded 2-D stimuli have shown that early-vision mechanisms are capable of interpreting 3-D shape from shading. In particular, target discrimination tasks suggest that a target 'pops out' when background distractors, but not the target, can be interpreted as convex and lit from above or top-left. Since the problem of extracting 3-D shape from shading is intrinsically ill-defined, early vision may need to make these twin assumptions of convexity and top-left lighting in order to constrain the problem. Would these assumptions be recognized as unnecessary and consequently discarded when 3-D shape could be unambiguously defined by some other cue, like stereo disparity? A 2AFC stimulus onset asynchrony paradigm with masking was used in target discrimination experiments. The performance of five naive subjects on tasks where only shading cues were present was compared with that on tasks involving shading as well as stereo cues that define shape unambiguously. The results show that although stereo disparity information is incorporated by early-vision 3-D mechanisms, it is not used to overturn the default assumptions of lighting and shape. Stereo information is interpreted within the framework of top-left lighting, and a consistent preference for convexity is seen over concavity.
Chimioprophylaxie primaire de la tuberculose chez les personnes infectées par le VIH dans les pays non industrialisés (1997)

Trois essais randomises ont recemment montre l’efficacite de la chimioprophylaxie antituberculeuse (isoniazide pendant six a douze mois) chez les personnes infectees par le VIH. Pour les pays industrialises, ces resultats justifient les recommandations de l’OMS et de l’UILCTMR concernant son application aux sujets infectes par le VIH. En revanche, la diffusion de cette pratique se heurte encore a de nombreux obstacles non resolus dans beaucoup de pays non industrialises, en particulier africains. Dans ces zones a fort risque annuel d’infection tuberculeuse, une chimioprophylaxie antituberculeuse de duree inferieure ou egale a douze mois a-t-elle un sens si une forte proportion de sujets risque de se reinfecter apres son arret? Ne devrait-on pas plutot en envisager une a vie, avec tous les inconvenients que cela pourrait comporter ? Quels sont les risques de selection de bacilles resistants pouvant, notamment, resulter de la difficulte a eliminer une tuberculose active avant la mise sous chimioprophylaxie antituberculeuse ? Quelle adhesion a des traitements longs d’au moins plusieurs mois pourra-t-on obtenir ? Quel sera le rapport cout/efficacite des eventuels futurs programmes de chimioprophylaxie antituberculeuse ? Cet article tente de faire le point sur toutes ces questions et souligne la necessite de nouvelles etudes dans ce domaine.
Inhibitor of Heat-shock Protein 90 Enhances the Antitumor Effect of DNA Vaccine Targeting Clients of Heat-shock Protein (2007)

Geldanamycin (GA), a heat-shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor, induces degradation of HSP90 client proteins, which may promote the presentation of degradation peptides with major histocompatibility complex class I on cancer cells. We hypothesized that GA may enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccination, and investigated the therapeutic effect of the combination of GA and a DNA vaccine against HSP90 clients p185(neu) and Met. The efficacy of various doses of GA combined with an N-terminal neu (N'-neu) DNA vaccine was investigated in a transplanted tumor constitutively overexpressing endogenous p185(neu). Low-dose (2.5 mug) but not high-dose (10 microg) GA enhanced the effect of N'-neu DNA vaccination on the inhibition of murine bladder tumor-2 tumors in syngeneic C3H mice. Anti-p185(neu) antibody titers were similar among all treated groups. Significantly increased infiltrations of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells were observed at tumor sites. GA sensitized tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells eliminated most of the therapeutic efficacy; in contrast, depletion of CD4(+) T cells enhanced the therapeutic efficacy. A similar enhancing effect was observed for the combination of GA and a DNA vaccine targeting the Met oncogene. Our results support the use of combination of GA and DNA vaccination against GA-targeted proteins.
Two-Body Dissociative Charge Exchange Dynamics of <i>sym</i>-Triazine (2009)

Translational spectroscopy coupled with coincidence detection techniques has been used to investigate the two-body dissociation of sym-triazine to HCN + (HCN)2 upon electronic excitation from charge exchange between the sym-triazine cation and cesium. This dissociation mechanism was determined to occur after excitation of sym-triazine into the 3s Rydberg electronic manifold, and the observed dynamics suggest that the mechanism competes with a stepwise three-body dissociation mechanism to three HCN products that occurs from this same electronic excitation. On the basis of reported stabilization energies of several isomers of the HCN dimer, possible structures of the metastable (HCN)2 species are discussed in light of the current measurements.
Sequential Volume Reduction With Capsular Plications (2011)

A 1-cm capsular plication stitch results in a roughly 10% volume reduction of the glenohumeral joint. Five simple capsular plication stitches result in a volume reduction equivalent to an open lateral-based capsular shift.
Grain Boundaries of MgO Bicrystals (1986)

Bicrystals with (110) tilt boundaries and (100) twist boundaries were prepared by joining two single crystals of Mgo, using a graphite heating element at 2480°C without pressure. The joined boundaries were observed with an optical microscope and TEM. The evaporation/condensation mechanism was operative in joining. The boundary energies were measured at 1500°C by the thermal grooving method. The development of boundary grooves was controlled by surface diffusion. The ratio of the boundary energy to the surface energy (σb/σs) for small angle (110) tilt boundaries below 17° varies according to the Read-Shockley model, which suggests the boundary being constructed by edge dislocation arrays. TEM observation suggested that the small angle twist boundaries below 10° were formed by screw dislocation arrays. The (110) tilt boundaries had low σb/σs at about 40°, 70° and 130° which correspond to twin boundaries of (221), (111) and (113), respectively. σb/σs for high angle boundaries at 1500°C was around 0.4, lower than that of (100) tilt boundaries. Twist boundaries above 10° had also low energies at 22°, 29° and 37° which correspond to Σ of 13, 17 and 15 of the CSL theory, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that the high angle twist boundaries on (100) are explained by the CSL theory.
Gene Therapy in CD4<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes in SCID-hu Mice (2014)

Development of gene therapy strategies for the treatment of human T-lymphocyte disorders, including AIDS, requires an in vivo system in which transduced human hematopoietic stem cells can be used to reconstitute the T-lymphoid compartment. Combination of HIV-1 pathology and CD34+ progenitor cell transduction taking place within a relatively short time in the SCID-hu mouse provides an experimental system in which to address many of the issues that are critical to successful gene therapy approaches for AIDS but are not easily tested in clinical trials. This chapter reviews the recent progress in the use of the SCID-hu system to further one's understanding of vector transduction and expression in modeling potential therapeutic approaches in stem cells. Most anti-AIDS gene therapy strategies are based on the assumption that direct cell killing is the primary pathogenic mechanism for HIV-1 CD4+ cell destruction. One of the key issues in human gene therapy has been the development of retroviral vectors with optimal gene expression in differentiated hematopoietic cells. Gene therapy strategies aimed at inhibiting HIV infection or replication require vectors that are expressed in cells infected by HIV, the human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Absence of an immune response in SCID-hu mice has two advantages. First, viral pathogenesis can be studied in the absence of an immune response, thereby shortening the time frame for onset of disease. Second, while it is likely that introduction of a foreign protein elicits a host immune response in patients, the effects of therapeutic reagents is assessable independent of the immune response.
Simulation of Ultrasound Radio-Frequency Signals in Deformed Tissue for Validation of 2D Motion Estimation with Sub-Sample Accuracy (2007)

Motion estimation in sequences of ultrasound echo signals is essential for a wide range of applications. In time domain cross correlation, which is a common motion estimation technique, the displacements are typically not integral multiples of the sampling period. Therefore, to estimate the motion with sub-sample accuracy, 1D and 2D interpolation methods such as parabolic, cosine, and ellipsoid fitting have been introduced in the literature. In this paper, a simulation framework is presented in order to compare the performance of currently available techniques. First, the tissue deformation is modeled using the finite element method (FEM) and then the corresponding pre-/post-deformation radio-frequency (RF) signals are generated using Field II ultrasound simulation software. Using these simulated RF data of deformation, both axial and lateral tissue motion are estimated with sub-sample accuracy. The estimated displacements are then evaluated by comparing them to the known displacements computed by the FEM. This simulation approach was used to evaluate three different lateral motion estimation techniques employing (i) two separate 1D sub-sampling, (ii) two consecutive 1D sub-sampling, and (iii) 2D joint sub-sampling estimators. The estimation errors during two different tissue compression tests are presented with and without spatial filtering. Results show that RF signal processing methods involving tissue deformation can be evaluated using the proposed simulation technique, which employs accurate models.
Stereoselectivity in toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition by the optical isomers of Papthion and Papoxon. (1976)

The synthesis of Papthion® and papoxon, optically active at the α-carbon of the α-ethoxycarbonylbenzyl moiety, was described. The optical isomers of papthion and papoxon exhibited a marked selectivity in the toxicity and anticholinesterase activity, respectively. d-Papthion was more toxic to mosquitoes, rice stem borers, diamond back moths and mice than the l-isomer. In contrast, l-papthion was more toxic to houseflies, and less toxic to mice and other insects than the d-isomer. Selectivity in toxicity appears to be directly related to the selective inhibition in vitro of acetyicholinesterase by the optical isomers of papoxon.
Implementation, analysis, and evaluation of TCP-J: A new version of TCP for wireless networks (2005)

We implemented TCP-J, a new version of TCP for wireless networks on the NetBSD Release 1.6.1 kernel, and evaluated it in our test network, in which dummynet is used to emulate segment losses and delays. The results showed that TCP-J improves performance about 50 to 220% under segment loss rate varying from 1 × 10−2 to 4 × 10−2 in comparison with conventional TCP (Reno, NewReno, and SACK). In addition, it was shown that TCP-J has high fairness when competing against NewReno and SACK with no segment loss, and when there is free bandwidth on the wireless link due to the performance degradation of conventional TCP, TCP-J improves throughput efficiently using that bandwidth. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(7): 23–30, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20277
Unique Effects of Iron(III) Ions on Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Titanium Dioxide (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionUnique Effects of Iron(III) Ions on Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Titanium DioxideTeruhisa Ohno, Daisuke Haga, Kan Fujihara, Kaoru Kaizaki, and Michio MatsumuraCite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 49, 10605Publication Date (Web):December 4, 1997Publication History Published online4 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/jp973358zCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (27 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lithium and cesium acidities of some terminal acethylenes and aggregation of their salts in tetrahydrofuran (1995)

Ion-pair acidity equilibria have been determined for 4-ethynylbiphenyl (1), 1-ethynyladamantane (2) and 3,3,3-triphenylpropyne (3) with lithium and cesium as counterions in tetrahydrofuran. The pK values increase, 1 < 3 < 2, with lithium as the counterion. With the cesium gegenion the pK of compound 2 is also higher than that of 3. The cesium salt of 1 is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran. Comparison of lithium and cesium acidities shows a difference of 6 pK units for both 2 and 3, the lithium pK being lower. In some cases, the measured equilibrium acidities depend on the concentration of the acetylene salt, which indicates aggregation of ion pairs into higher ionic clusters. The average aggregation numbers were determined from the equilibrium studies.
A Comparison of Letrozole and Tamoxifen in Postmenopausal Women with Early Breast Cancer (2005)

In postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer, adjuvant treatment with letrozole, as compared with tamoxifen, reduced the risk of recurrent disease, especially at distant sites. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00004205.)
Computational Design of Hierarchically Structured Materials (1997)

A systems approach that integrates processing, structure, property, and performance relations has been used in the conceptual design of multilevel-structured materials. For high-performance alloy steels, numerical implementation of materials science principles provides a hierarchy of computational models defining subsystem design parameters that are integrated, through computational thermodynamics, in the comprehensive design of materials as interactive systems. Designed properties combine strength, toughness, and resistance to impurity embrittlement. The methods have also been applied to nonferrous metals, ceramics, and polymers.
Lasidiol angelate: an ant repellent sesquiterpenoid from Lasiantheae fruticosa (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLasidiol angelate: an ant repellent sesquiterpenoid from Lasiantheae fruticosaDavid F. Wiemer and Diane C. AlesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 26, 5449–5450Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00339a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00339a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Client/Server and the Knowledge Directory (2002)

Developing and supporting knowledge management systems that seamlessly integrate with the existing information technology infrastructure is a major challenge. This development requires the functionality to locate and disseminate knowledge. An integral part of this requirement is the knowledge directory - a layered component accessible by any knowledge requester that can direct the knowledge requester to the location of the knowledge, in whichever format it may exist. This chapter discusses a client/server architecture that employs the knowledge directory to support the development and ongoing maintenance of knowledge management systems.