gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploitation of latent allostery enables the evolution of new modes of MAP kinase regulation (609.5) (2014)

Allosteric interactions provide precise spatiotemporal control over signaling proteins, but how allosteric activators and their targets coevolve is poorly understood. Here, we trace the evolution of two allosteric activator motifs within the yeast scaffold protein Ste5 that specifically target the mating MAP kinase Fus3. One activator (Ste5‐VWA) provides pathway insulation and dates to the divergence of Fus3 from its paralog, Kss1; a second activator (Ste5‐FBD) that tunes mating behavior is, in contrast, not conserved in most lineages. Surprisingly, both Ste5 activator motifs could regulate MAP kinases that diverged from Fus3 prior to the emergence of Ste5, suggesting that Ste5 activators arose by exploiting latent regulatory features already present in the MAPK ancestor. The magnitude of this latent allosteric potential drifts widely among pre‐Ste5 MAP kinases, providing a pool of hidden phenotypic diversity that, when revealed by new activators, could lead to functional divergence and to the evolution of distinct signaling behaviors.
THE MESENTERIC HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO CIRCULATORY SHOCK: AN OVERVIEW (2001)

The mesenteric hemodynamic response to circulatory shock is characteristic and profound; this vasoconstrictive response disproportionately affects both the mesenteric organs and the organism as a whole. Vasoconstriction of post-capillary mesenteric venules and veins, mediated largely by the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system, can effect an "autotransfusion" of up to 30% of the total circulating blood volume, supporting cardiac filling pressures ("preload"), and thereby sustaining cardiac output at virtually no cost in nutrient flow to the mesenteric organs. Under conditions of decreased cardiac output caused by cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock, selective vasoconstriction of the afferent mesenteric arterioles serves to sustain total systemic vascular resistance ("afterload"), thereby maintaining systemic arterial pressure and sustaining the perfusion of non-mesenteric organs at the expense of mesenteric organ perfusion (Cannon's "flight or fight" response). This markedly disproportionate response of the mesenteric resistance vessels is largely independent of the sympathetic nervous system and variably related to vasopressin, but mediated primarily by the renin-angiotensin axis. The extreme of this response can lead to gastric stress erosions, nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, ischemic colitis, ischemic hepatitis, ischemic cholecystitis, and/or ischemic pancreatitis. Septic shock can produce decreased or increased mesenteric perfusion, but is characterized by an increased oxygen consumption that exceeds the capacity of mesenteric oxygen delivery, resulting in net ischemia and consequent tissue injury. Mesenteric organ injury from ischemia/reperfusion due to any form of shock can lead to a triggering of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and ultimately to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The mesenteric vasculature is therefore a major target and a primary determinant of the systemic response to circulatory shock.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Assisted Hydride Delivery: An Expeditious Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Norsedamine and Its Pyrrolidino Analog. (1989)

Abstract The cyclic imines (I) are lithiated and then coupled with benzaldehyde (III) to produce the lithium alkoxides (IV) which are selectively hydrogenated, forming racemic norsedamine (±)‐(Vb) and its pyrrolidino analogue (Va).
Reduced tumorigenicity and pathogenicity of cervical carcinoma SiHa cells selected for resistance to cidofovir (2013)

Our results indicate that acquisition of resistance to cidofovir in SiHa cells is linked to reduced pathogenicity. The present study contributes to our understanding on the antiproliferative effects of CDV and on the mechanisms involved, the inflammatory response playing a central role.
Substitution of Serine for Non-disulphide-bond-forming Cysteine in Grass Carp (Ctenopharygodon Idellus) Growth Hormone Improves In Vitro Oxidative Renaturation (2006)

Native grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idellus) growth hormone, has 5 cysteine amino acid residues, forms two disulphide bridges in its mature form. Recombinant grass carp growth hormone, when over-expressed in E. coli, forms inclusion bodies. In vitro oxidative renaturation of guanidine-hydrochloride dissolved recombinant grass carp growth hormone was achieved by sequential dilution and stepwise dialysis at pH 8.5. The redox potential of the refolding cocktail was maintained by glutathione disulphide/glutathione couple. The oxidative refolded protein is heterogeneous, and contains multimers, oligomers and monomers. The presence of non-disulphide-bond-forming cysteine in recombinant grass carp growth hormone enhances intermolecular disulphide bond formation and also nonnative intramolecular disulphide bond formation during protein folding. The non-disulphide-bond-forming cysteine was converted to serine by PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting 4-cysteine grass carp growth hormone has improved in vitro oxidative refolding properties when studied by gel filtration and reverse phase chromatography. The refolded 4-cysteine form has less hydrophobic aggregate and has only one monomeric isoform. Both refolded 4-cysteine and 5-cysteine forms are active in radioreceptor binding assay.
Sprouty Proteins Are Negative Regulators of Interferon (IFN) Signaling and IFN-inducible Biological Responses (2012)

Background: The potential involvement of Spry proteins in IFN signaling is unknown. Results: Type I IFN treatment results in up-regulation of Spry proteins, which negatively control generation of IFN responses. Conclusion: Spry proteins play important regulatory roles in IFN signaling and the generation of the biological effects of IFNs. Significance: This study provides evidence for the existence of a key signaling pathway that controls IFN responses. Interferons (IFNs) have important antiviral and antineoplastic properties, but the precise mechanisms required for generation of these responses remain to be defined. We provide evidence that during engagement of the Type I IFN receptor (IFNR), there is up-regulation of expression of Sprouty (Spry) proteins 1, 2, and 4. Our studies demonstrate that IFN-inducible up-regulation of Spry proteins is Mnk kinase-dependent and results in suppressive effects on the IFN-activated p38 MAP kinase (MAPK), the function of which is required for transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Our data establish that ISG15 mRNA expression and IFN-dependent antiviral responses are enhanced in Spry1,2,4 triple knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts, consistent with negative feedback regulatory roles for Spry proteins in IFN-mediated signaling. In other studies, we found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Spry1, Spry2, or Spry4 promotes IFN-inducible antileukemic effects in vitro and results in enhanced suppressive effects on malignant hematopoietic progenitors from patients with polycythemia vera. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Spry proteins are potent regulators of Type I IFN signaling and negatively control induction of Type I IFN-mediated biological responses.
Fast-Ion Emission from Co2 Laser-Produced Microballoon Plasmas (1980)

Quantitative measurements of fast ions from CO2 laser-produced microballoon plasmas using a Thomson parabola ion spectrometer in conjunction with cellulose nitrate film are reported. The implications of fast-ion fluxes observed at a very large angle with respect to the laser beam axis are discussed.
Gebändigtes Knallgas: Brennstoffzellen im mobilen und stationären Einsatz (2001)

Die Brennstoffzelle hat aus technischer Sicht einen hohen Stand erreicht. Die PEMFC konnte ihre Zuverlassigkeit in einer Reihe von Nischenanwendungen, aber auch in Form erster mobiler und dezentraler Prototypen beweisen. Die SOFC und die MCFC konnten bereits in Anlagen von 100 kW und mehr in Erprobung gehen. Um jedoch wirtschaftlich konkur-renzfahig zu den etablierten Technologien der mobilen und dezentralen Energiewandlung zu werden, muss noch eine drastische Kostenreduktion sowohl beim Brennstoffzellen-Stack als auch bei den zu seinem Betrieb notwendigen Hilfsaggregaten erreicht werden. Fur Fahrzeugantriebe muss auserdem eine Antwort auf die noch offene Treibstofffrage (Infrastruktur, H2-Erzeugung und H2-Speicherung) gefunden werden.
Performance Improvement of a Movie Recommendation System based on Personal Propensity and Secure Collaborative Filtering (2013)

There are many recommendation systems available to provide users with personalized services. Among them, the most frequently used in electronic commerce is 'collaborative filtering', which is a technique that provides a process of filtering customer information for the preparation of profiles and making recommendations of products that are expected to be preferred by other users, based on such information profiles. Collaborative filtering systems, however, have in their nature both technical issues such as sparsity, scalability, and transparency, as well as security issues in the collection of the information that becomes the basis for preparation of the profiles. In this paper, we suggest a movie recommendation system, based on the selection of optimal personal propensity variables and the utilization of a secure collaborating filtering system, in order to provide a solution to such sparsity and scalability issues. At the same time, we adopt 'push attack' principles to deal with the security vulnerability of collaborative filtering systems. Furthermore, we assess the system's applicability by using the open database MovieLens, and present a personal propensity framework for improvement in the performance of recommender systems. We successfully come up with a movie recommendation system through the selection of optimal personalization factors and the embodiment of a safe collaborative filtering system.
Syringin from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance inhibit the apoptotic neuronal cell death induced by Aβ25–35 (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal cells in the brain. β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is produced by proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and its accumulation in the senile plaque is the major hallmark of AD pathogenesis [1, 2, 3]. Various experimental evidence support that Aβ plaque can induce neurotoxic effect on neuronal cells [4].
ChemInform Abstract: Photonic Crystal Fibres for Chemical Sensing and Photochemistry (2013)

Abstract Review: 201 refs.
A new frequency-comparsion circuit for the cathode-ray tube (1942)

A new method of producing a re-entrant trace tor frequency comparison on a cathode-ray tube is described. Formulae are deduced for complex frequency ratios, and the magnitude and direction of “drift,” when the frequency ratio is not exact, are investigated. A note on the direction of rotation of a circular time-base is added.
Lack of DMBT1 expression in oesophageal, gastric and colon cancers (1998)

Loss of sequences from human chromosome 10q has been reported in several different cancers. Recently, a second candidate tumour-suppressor gene, DMBT1, was identified in this chromosomal region. We studied the mRNA expression and homozygous deletion of this gene in human oesophageal, gastric and colon cancers. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification demonstrated that 23 (53.5%) of 43 oesophageal, 5 (12.5%) of 40 gastric, and 4 (16.7%) of 24 colorectal cancer cases showed an apparent reduction in DMBT1 mRNA in tumour tissues compared with paired normal tissues. Twelve out of 15 oesophageal cancer cell lines also showed no expression. We next studied homozygous deletions within the DMBT1 gene in oesophageal cancers by using duplex PCR. Consequently, it was recognized in five (11.6%) of the primary tumours and two (13.3%) of the cell lines. These findings suggest that DMBT1 may act as a tumour-suppressor gene not only in brain tumours but also in gastrointestinal cancers, especially in oesophageal cancers.
Derivatives of 1,3,5-Triamino-1,3,5-trideoxy-<i>cis</i>-inositol as Versatile Pentadentate Ligands for Protein Labeling with Re-186/188. Prelabeling, Biodistribution, and X-ray Structural Studies (1998)

The pentadentate H3bhci [1,3,5-trideoxy-1, 3-bis((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-cis-inositol] and its bifunctionalized analogue H3bhci-glu-H [1,3,5-trideoxy-1, 3-bis((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-5-glutaramido-cis-inositol] were synthesized, and their coordination chemistry was investigated with inactive rhenium, with no carrier added Re-188 and with carrier added Re-186. The neutral Re(V) complexes [ReO(bhci)] and [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] are formed in good yields starting from [ReOCl3(P(C6H5)3)2] or in quantitative yield directly from [186/188ReO4]- in aqueous solution by reduction with Sn(II) or Sn(0). The X-ray structures of [ReO(bhci)] and [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] were elucidated revealing pentadentate "side on" coordination of the ligands to the "Re=O" core. The basic cyclohexane frame adopts a chair form in the case of [ReO(bhci)] and a twisted boat form in the case of [ReO(bhci-glu-H)]. [ReO(bhci)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 27.425(3), b = 14.185(1), c = 19.047(2) A, and beta = 103.64(2) degrees and [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.056(3), b = 10.180(1), c = 22.378(5) A, and beta = 98.205(9) degrees. Both 188Re complexes are stable in human serum for at least 3 days without decomposition. After injection into mice, [ReO(bhci-glu)]- is readily excreted through the intestines, while [ReO(bhci)] is excreted by intestines, liver, and the kidneys. TLC investigations of the urine showed exclusively the complexes [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] and [ReO(bhci)], respectively, and no decomposition products. For derivatization of antibodies, the carboxylic group of [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] was activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide, which required unusually vigorous reaction conditions (heating). The anti colon cancer antibody mAb-35 [IgG and F(ab')2 fragment] was labeled with [186/188ReO(bhci-glu)] to a specific activity of up to 1.5 mCi/mg (55 MBq/mg) with full retention of immunoreactivity. Labeling yields followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in antibody concentration with the ratio of rates between aminolysis and hydrolysis being about 2. Biodistributions of 186Re-labeled intact mAb-35 as well as of its F(ab')2 fragment in tumor-bearing nude mice revealed good uptake by the tumor with only low accumulation of radioactivity in normal tissue.
Analysis of mixing of a clothoid based passive micromixer: A numerical study (2011)

A computational study of a novel passive micromixer is presented. In this work, we analysed a Clo-plus micromixer designed to achieve efficient mixing and characterized by a process of construction that can use a single planar soft lithography step. Mixing studies were carried out at different Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 100. The preliminary results suggest that at Re> 50, the Clo-plus micromixer is characterized by a good mixing because of stronger Dean secondary flow and recirculation effect.
Transcriptomic and network analyses combine to identify genes that drive the red blood cell cycle of Plasmodium falciparum (2017)

Despite coordinated attempts to control or eliminate it, malaria remains a widespread public health problem, with half the world's population (3.2 billion people) at risk. While the annual death toll attributed to malaria has declined in recent years, the mortality is still very high. In 2015 the World Health Organisation estimates that between 236,000 and 635,000 people died, and the disease cost the continent of Africa, where 91% of cases occur, about USD 12 billion. The contribution of genomics to the defeat of malaria has been relatively small until recently. Although genomic data is available, much of it is difficult to interpret, as this parasite has no well-studied close relatives. This has led to a need for computationally-driven tools that will help us understand the dynamic cellular networks in the malaria parasite. This understanding, in turn, will help us identify new antimalarial targets in the parasite. Here, we coupled RNA-Seq analysis and network mining using a PageRank-based algorithm, and examined the temporal-specific expression of parasite genes during the 48-hour red blood cycle. We identified genes that appear to influence parasite development and red blood cell invasion. The just-in-time mechanism for gene expression may contribute to a dynamic and effective adaptive strategy of the malaria parasite.
Fast computing tool for performance evaluation in Interior Permanent Magnet machines (2014)

This paper proposes a fast computing tool for performance evaluation of electrical machines where a combination of Finite-Element (FE) method and mathematical approximations are used to predict iron losses and eddy current losses in the magnets in addition to torque-speed characteristics. The adopted tool is based on FE and computes the complete machines' characteristic analytically without any further FE computation. For the initial analysis and model verification a 16-pole 24-slot Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) is adopted. The results obtained, compared to completely FE-based solution show that the proposed tool predicts the electromagnetic losses effectively within less computation time.
A new double focusing mass spectrograph with wide-mass-range focal plane. (1989)

A new type of double focusing mass spectrograph of wide mass range is proposed. With the use of electric quadrupoles the focal plane covering a wide mass range can be placed in the field free region outside the magnet poles. Ion optical calculation shows that an excellent focusing nature can be obtained over a mass range with 16 times mass difference.
TWO YEAR OUTCOMES OF “TREAT AND EXTEND” INTRAVITREAL THERAPY USING AFLIBERCEPT PREFERENTIALLY FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2017)

These data indicate that eyes treated with aflibercept, as a sole therapy, in routine clinical practice with a T&E regimen can achieve good visual outcomes while decreasing the burden of treatments and clinic visits.
Strength and Fatigue of Fluoride Glass Optical Fibers (1983)

Strength and fatigue characteristics of fluoride glass optical fibers, used as a new infrared transmission medium, were examined. A correlation parameter between mirror size and tensile strength of 0.826 MPa.m 12 was obtained, and a fatigue parameter of 16.2 was determined from a dynamic fatigue test at 20°C and 60% rh .
AN OPTICAL APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF SHRINKAGE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE (1956)

The apparatus works on the principle of the optical lever and is suitable for use in small furnaces up to at least 1300 deg C. It is made of sintered alumina, apart from the high-temperature mirrors of fused silica sputtered with platinum, or corundum crystal. The magmiication of the change of thickness of the rectangular specimen is 70 times. The shrinkage of specimens approximately 1 cm thick can be determined to within 10 mu , so that shrinkages greater than 5% are accurate to 1 part in 50 or better. The apparatus has been used to measure the shrinkage occurring during sintering of powder pressings. (auth)
Seizure Prediction With Spectral Power of EEG Using Cost-Sensitive Support Vector Machines (2010)

A patient-specific seizure prediction algorithm is proposed using a classifier to differentiate pre-ictal from inter-ictal EEG signals. The spectral power of EEG processed in four different fashions is used as features: raw, time-differential, space-differential, and time/space-differential EEG. The features are classified using cost-sensitive support vector machines by the double cross-validation methodology. The proposed algorithm has been applied to EEG recordings of 18 patients in the Freiburg EEG database, totaling 80 seizures and 437 h long inter-ictal recordings. Classification with the feature obtained from time/space-differential ECoG demonstrates the performance of 86.25% sensitivity and 0.1281 false positives per hour in out-of-sample testing.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐DIALDEHYDE MONOACETALS. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROTAGETONE (1976)

Abstract Aus den Iminen (I) werden mit Lithium in Diäthylamin die entsprechenden Anionen hergestellt, die mit Bromacetaldehydacetalen (II) zu den Acetaliminen (III) substituiert und dann mit Weinsäure zu den Dialdehyd‐monoacetalen (IV) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali Metal Ion, Temperature, and Pressure Effects on the Rate of Electron Transfer Between Manganate(VI) and Permanganate(VII) Ions in Alkaline Aqueous Solution. (1987)

Abstract The effects of metal ions M+: Li + , Na + , K + , and Rb + at various temp. and hydrostatic pressures up to 180 MPa (for M+: Na + , K+) on the rate of outer‐sphere electron transfer between MnO 4 ‐ and MnO 4 2‐ are examined in aqueous MOH at constant ionic strength (1.1 M).
Chemical studies on serotonin analogs. (1996)

The major focus of our research has been the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 1) analogs. These include the conformationally restricted, rigid and semirigid analogs and those with a variety of different substituents, both electron donating and electron withdrawing, on the critically important indole 5-position. Two most interesting analogs in the tryptamine series are 5- carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT; 3a), a potent agonist at 5-HT₁ receptor and N,N-dipropyl- 5-carboxamido tryptamine (5-DPCT; 3b), a potent and selective agonist at the 5-HT₁ₐ receptor. We have found that this potency also extends to the semirigid analogs, 5- carboxamido-3-tetrahydropyridyl indoles (2a, 2b) (Agarwal et aI., 1993; Dahlgren et aI., 1995). In my research we decided to replace the 5-carboxyamido group by a group called the ɑ-fluoroethenyl or the ɑ-fluorovinyl group which was first proposed as an amide bond isostere in peptides (Allmendinger et aI., 1990). We synthesized 5-(ɑ-fluorovinyl)- 3-tetrahydropyridyl indoles (I, II) and 5-(a-fluorovinyl) tryptamines (III, IV) which could be potential bioisosteres of 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b. The a-fluorovinyl group was introduced on the indole 5-position using an "atypical" Heck reaction to prepare 5-(afluorovinyl) indole (5), the starting material for all the target compounds. We also performed some experiments to confirm the mechanism of the base-catalyzed direct condensation ofN-methyl-3- and -4-piperidones with indoles, a method employed for the synthesis of 3-tetrahydropyridylindoles I and II.
Advanced CVD technology for large area graphene and 2D transition metal di-chalcogenides (2014)

Graphene, one of the most important two dimensional (2D) materials, has been attracting increasing interest and new applications in nano-scale electronic and photonic applications through the unprecedented electronic and optical properties it offers. However, the zero bandgap of graphene has restricted its use in some optoelectronic applications. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), two-dimensional layered materials, such as MoS<sub>2</sub>, MoSe<sub>2</sub>, WS<sub>2</sub> and WSe<sub>2</sub> have become a noteworthy complimentary material to graphene sharing many of its properties. They may however offer properties that are unattainable in graphene since TMDCs offer tuneability allowing a bandgap transition from indirect to direct with the single layer. This has led to use of TMDCs in applications such as transistors, photodetectors and electroluminescent devices. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technology has the advantage of offering conformal, scalable, and controllable thin film growth on a variety of different substrates. Here we report our recent CVD technology development in graphene and 2D TMDCs materials, in particularly MoS<sub>2</sub>. To date we have achieved 40 by 120 mm single and few layer MoS<sub>2</sub> using this scalable CVD process.