gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of NH2-terminal Residues of Nerve Growth Factor Affects Activity and Trk Binding without Affecting Stability or Conformation (1995)

The role of the NH2-terminal region of nerve growth factor (NGF) was studied with an NGF delta 9/13 deletion mutant, overexpressed in a baculovirus system, and mouse NGF truncated at Met-9 by cleavage with CNBr (des-(1-9)-NGF). Structural studies have been performed on the purified proteins, in addition to biological activity assessment, in order to determine effects of such modifications on global conformation and stability. The activity of NGF delta 9/13 was reduced below detectable levels, and the activity of the des-(1-9)-NGF form was decreased by at least a 50-fold in a PC12 bioassay. Competitive binding of NGF delta 9/13 to low affinity receptors on PC12 cells was not impaired; however, the mutant was not capable of competing for the cold chase-stable, high affinity binding of NGF to the cells. The binding of NGF delta 9/13 to Sf21 cells ectopically expressing the TrkA NGF receptor was also abolished. Thus, deletion of residues 9-13 significantly altered the binding affinity for the high affinity receptors on PC12 cells and for the TrkA receptor, but not for the low affinity receptor. Neither the secondary structure, determined by circular dichroism, nor the conformational stability determined by equilibrium denaturation of NGF delta 9/13 was altered as compared with wild type NGF. Slight conformational and stability perturbations of des-(1-9)-NGF were revealed by the same analysis; however, these changes were found to reflect the influence of the formic acid treatment, not the truncation of 9 residues. Our results support the conclusion that the NH2-terminal domain encompassing residues 1-9 and 9-13 is essential for maintaining the binding capability of NGF for high affinity TrkA receptors. Moreover, conformational and stability data show that the functional results of these modifications of the NH2-terminal region are directly due to receptor binding and not to secondary effects of improper folding or other indirect structural changes.
Linda Lê (2010)

Née en 1963 au Viêtnam, Linda Lê avoue volontiers qu’elle n’a plus une connaissance intime de sa langue natale. Le français appris dès l’enfance, à Saïgon, est devenu, sinon sa patrie, du moins un espace mouvant qui lui permet tout ensemble de se désabriter et de trouver une ancre flottante. Arrivée en France en 1977, deux ans après la fin de la guerre du Viêtnam, elle a pris le chemin de la littérature. Lire, ou recevoir une « averse de lumière », dirait Marina Tsvetaïeva, questionner les « ...
Comparative Neurovirulence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Strains After Peripheral or Intracerebral Inoculation of BALB/c Mice (1983)

Twenty-three strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 were compared for their pathogenicity in 4-week-old BALB/c mice after peripheral (footpad) or intracerebral inoculation. Among those strains examined were (i) six clinical isolates of brain or cerebrospinal fluid origin, (ii) seven clinical isolates of oral or genital origin, (iii) five prototype laboratory strains that have been passaged numerous times in culture, and (iv) five syncytial variants capable of producing cell fusion in culture. Based on comparative 50% lethal dose values, the strains appeared to segregate into one of three classes of neurovirulence. Class I strains were highly virulent by both the peripheral and intracerebral routes of inoculation, class II strains were highly virulent by the intracerebral route only, and class III strains were highly attenuated by both routes of inoculation. In vivo growth curves for whole brain homogenates infected with class III strains revealed titers of infectious virus approaching those found in the brains of animals infected with class I or II strains. These results would therefore suggest that (i) a strain-dependent variation in neural spread exists that may influence the ability of the virus to cause acute neurological disease and (ii) the amount of infectious virus present within an infected brain does not necessarily determine or reflect the clinical status of the animal. Of the clinical isolates examined, the strains recovered from brain tissue of humans after fatal episodes of encephalitis were found to be no more neurovirulent in mice than the strains isolated from nonneural sites. However, although syncytial variants were found to be highly attenuated by the peripheral route, as a group these strains proved to be among the most virulent when inoculated directly into the central nervous system.
Exercise-induced oxidative stress (1993)

The role of exercise in free radical processes is not clear; however, recent evidence suggests that elevated oxygen consumption may increase free radical activity. Direct measurement of free radical signals can be made by electron spin resonance and indirect measures include mitochondrial membrane damage, conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, short chain hydrocarbons, and oxidized nucleosides. Although exact levels are not known, the type, duration, and intensity of exercise affect biomarkers of free radical activity, as does one's training status. Oxidative stress associated with exercise-induced free radical activity seems to be better tolerated by trained subjects exercising at moderate intensity.
Effect of Two Kinds of Antistaling Agent on the Pigments of Cutting Branch for Cornus alba L. (2019)

Aims: The research was aimed to study the effects of antistaling agent on the fresh-keeping of cutting branches in order to provide the foundation on sticks-cutting preservation in production. Study Design: In order to analyze the function and action mechanism of antistaling agent A(3% sucrose +50mg·L-1 aluminium sulfate + 200mg·L-1 citric acid + 100mg·L-1 GA) and B (3% sucrose + 0.5% benzene propionic acid sodium), we used the Cornus alba L., as materials, observed fresh-keeping life and morphological changes, measured the fresh weight, the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L. Place and Duration of Study: College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, between February 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: The contents of soluble sugar, chlorophyll, anthocyanin and red pigment in stem bark were determined at 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d after treatment, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L. were measured by method of spectrophotometer. The content of soluble sugar was determined by anthrone colorimetry. Results: The effects of antistaling agent A (3% sucrose +50mg·L-1 aluminium sulfate + 200mg·L-1 citric acid + 100mg·L-1 GA) and antistaling agent B (3% sucrose + 0.5% benzene propionic acid sodium) were tested in this paper in order to investigate their effects on contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, red pigment and anthocyanin in cutting branchs of Cornus alba L., which provided foundation on sticks-cutting preservation in production. Early spring sticks of Cornus alba L. were used as materials by antistaling agent A and B treatment, respectively, and sterilized water as control. Results showed that contents of chlorophyll and soluable sugar in the antistaling agent A group were higher than those in B group. And the contents of anthocyanin and red pigments in the antistaling agent B group were higher than those in A group. Above all, the antistaling agent B had better preservation effect than the antistaling agent A. Conclusion: The contents of chlorophyll and soluable sugar in the antistaling agent A group were higher than those in the antistaling agent B group. And the contents of anthocyanin and red pigments in the antistaling agent B group were higher than those in A group. Above all, the antistaling agent B had better preservation effect than the antistaling agent A.
Target Inventory Levels for a Hospital Blood Bank or a Decentralized Regional Blood Banking System (1979)

For any blood type, there is a complex interaction among the optimal inventory level, daily demand level, the transfusion to crossmatch ratio, the crossmatch release period and the age of arriving units that determine the shortage and outdate rate. The blood bank administrator should establish optimal target inventory levels based on a simple equation (decision rule) relating these factors. Evaluation of this rule indicates that its implementation can lead to a very low shortage rate and a reasonable low outdate rate if the blood bank administrator makes efforts to control the crossmatch release period and the average transfusion to crossmatch ratio.
Every data structure deserves lock-free memory reclamation (2018)

Memory-management support for lock-free data structures is well known to be a tough problem. Recent work has successfully reduced the overhead of such schemes. However, applying memory-management support to a data structure remains complex and, in many cases, requires redesigning the data structure. In this paper, we present the first lock-free memory-management scheme that is applicable to general (arbitrary) lock-free data structures and that can be applied automatically via a compiler plug-in. In addition to the simplicity of incorporating to data structures, this scheme provides low overhead and does not rely on the lock freedom of any OS services.
A Nonsmooth Optimization Approach to H&#8734; Synthesis (2006)

A numerical method for solving the H∞ synthesis problem is presented. The problem is posed as an unconstrained, nonsmooth, nonconvex minimization problem. The optimization variables consist solely of the entries of the output feedback matrix. No additional variables, such as Lyapunov variables, need to be introduced. The optimization procedure uses a line search mechanism where the descent direction is defined by a recently introduced dynamical systems approach. Numerical results for various benchmark problems are included.
Maximal lifetime scheduling in sensor surveillance networks (2005)

This paper addresses the maximal lifetime scheduling problem in sensor surveillance networks. Given a set of sensors and targets in a Euclidean plane, a sensor can watch only one target at a time, our task is to schedule sensors to watch targets, such that the lifetime of the surveillance system is maximized, where the lifetime is the duration that all targets are watched. We propose an optimal solution to find the target watching schedule for sensors that achieves the maximal lifetime. Our solution consists of three steps: 1) computing the maximal lifetime of the surveillance system and a workload matrix by using linear programming techniques; 2) decomposing the workload matrix into a sequence of schedule matrices that can achieve the maximal lifetime; 3) obtaining a target watching timetable for each sensor based on the schedule matrices. Simulations have been conducted to study the complexity of our proposed method and to compare with the performance of a greedy method.
Handwritten character recognition using fuzzy logic (2002)

The present paper discusses an application of fuzzy set theory to handwritten character recognition. A nonmathematical, heuristic approach to structural pattern recognition is used. Entities are given in the form of fuzzy matrix and are processed by fuzzy logic according to the membership values in different categories of features stored. A computer simulation for English alphabets, and some results are presented.
An extended dynamic source routing scheme in ad hoc wireless networks (2003)

We consider a multipath extension to the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol proposed by D.B. Johnson and D.A. Maltz (1996), an on-demand routing protocol, for ad hoc wireless networks. This extension keeps two node disjoint paths between the source and the destination of a routing process without introducing extra overhead. Several optimization options are also considered. Simulation is conducted on the success rate of finding node disjoint paths.
Microbial Colonization of the Intestinal Epithelium in Suckling Mice (1973)

Colonization by indigenous microorganisms of the mucosal epithelia of the large bowels of suckling mice was followed by microbial culture techniques and by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Certain microbes colonize in distinctive patterns the cecal and colonic epithelia in these mice. Coliforms and enterococci colonize the large bowel 7 to 9 days after birth and reach high population levels during the second week. During that period, these facultative anaerobes can be detected by immunofluorescence techniques in microcolonies in the mucin on the epithelium. During the third week, however, after their populations decline to the low levels characteristic of adult mice, coliforms and enteroccoci can be observed only infrequently in the mucous layer. Anaerobic fusiform-shaped bacteria appear in the mucous layers along with the microcolonies of enterococci and coliforms during the second week after birth. These anaerobes increase in numbers in the mucin until they form thick layers on the mucosal epithelium by the end of the third week. They remain in the mucous layer throughout the life of the normal mouse. Anaerobic spiral-shaped microbes also colonize the mucous layer on the cecal and colonic epithelium. But these organisms can be detected by immunofluorescence in 1-week-old mice, well in advance of the time the fusiform-shaped bacteria can be found. In the second week, the latter microbes co-inhabit the mucous layer with the spiral-shaped organisms. The fusiform- and spiral-shaped microbes remain associated in the mucin on the cecal and colonic mucosal epithelia into the adult life of mice.
Studies on the Oxidative Addition of N,N-Dimethylamine to Bromojuglones and Bromomethyljuglones. (1994)

The nucleophilic addition of dimethylamine to bromojuglones and bromomethyljuglones is followed by elimination of hydrogen bromide or oxidation. With 2-bromojuglone, the oxidative process predominates at low temperature. The regiochemistry of the addition is a function of the temperature and of the position of the bromine atom (C-2 or C-3) on the quinone.
Electrophoretic sperm isolation: optimization of electrophoresis conditions and impact on oxidative stress (2011)

We conclude that while field strength is positively correlated with sperm recovery rates; it is negatively associated with sperm motility. Optimized conditions are described that represent a balance between these opposing forces and permit the isolation of highly motile, vital sperm populations, free from the oxidative DNA damage associated with conventional density gradient centrifugation technologies.
Finite State Machine Implementation to Automate RF Operation at the TESLA Test Facility (2001)

At DESY the Distributed Object Oriented Control System (DOOCS)[1] was developed to solve a variety of control tasks at the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) Linac. DOOCS is designed from the device server level, to control different parts of the hardware, up to the console, where it provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to the operators. The Finite State Machine (FSM) concept has been integrated into DOOCS to simplify the automation of the accelerator operation[2, 3]. This paper describes the FSM server implementation for automated RF operation at the TTF. The server consists of two main elements – the control manager and a tools section. The control manager is responsible for RF field control. The start up, restart and routine operation of a 10MW klystron, that currently powers 16 superconducting cavities, is successfully controlled by a DOOCS FSM server. The FSM process includes loop phase measurement and correction, feedforward and feedback parameter adjustments, beam loading compensation, calibrations, and automatic fault recovery. A variety of automated procedures are available in the tools section, which assist the operators in maximizing the performance of the RF system.
A novel hybrid ultrafast shape descriptor method for use in virtual screening (2008)

The Hybrid descriptor was compared to the MACCS key descriptor, USR with the first three (USR), four (UF4) and five (UF5) moments, and a combination of MACCS with USR (three moments). The MACCS key descriptor was not combined with UF5, due to similar performance of UF5 and UF4. Superior performance in terms of all figures of merit was found for the MACCS/UF4 Hybrid descriptor with respect to all other descriptors examined. These figures of merit include recall in the top 1% and top 5% of the ranked validation sets, precision, F-measure, area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and Matthews Correlation Coefficient.
Towards a drug concentration effect relationship for QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. (2002)

Preclinical strategies to evaluate torsades de pointes (TdP) have progressed significantly over recent years with reliable and robust in vitro and in vivo methodologies available to assess QT prolongation. Increased emphasis is now being placed on collecting adequate pharmacokinetic data in preclinical studies in order to carry out pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Free plasma concentrations are being utilized for inter-species comparisons and for relating in vivo and in vitro results, and this approach appears to be optimal. Data obtained in these assays are predictive of the potential of a compound to prolong QT and, by inference, cause TdP. Concentration/effect relationships are apparent such that compounds with positive results in preclinical assays may prove safe, provided that the maximum concentrations expected in the patient population are significantly lower than those required to prolong QT.
Karl Popper, Tarih ve Marksizm (2018)

Ozet Karl Popper'in unlu kitabi Acik Toplum ve Dusmanlari, Sovyetler Birliginin yikilmasindan sonra yeniden kesfedilmistir Bu kesfin arkasinda yatan neden kitabin icerigi ile ilgili degildir. 90'larin basindaki siyasi duruma uygunluk gostermesi ve kapitalizmin rakipsiz oldugunu ileri surmesi ile ilgilidir. Ancak bu kitap entelektuel acidan oldukca fakirdir ve ciddi elestirilere karsi savunmasizdir. Tarih felsefesi bakimindan mistik olan bu kitap, elestirdigi akimlarin ve filozoflarin totaliter fikirlerine benzer gorusler ileri surmustur. Bu makale, Popper'in Marksizm ile ilgili goruslerini ve ona karsi sundugu alternatifleri degerlendirmektedir. Bu alternatifler gunumuz kosullarinda tamamen asilsizdir ve hicbir bilimsel dayanaklari yoktur. Marksizm elestirisi icin gerekli entelektuel donanimdan ve bilgi birikiminden yoksundur. Anahtar sozcukler : Tarih, acik toplum, Marksizm, siyaset. Abstract Karl Popper's famous book Open Society and its Enemies have been rediscovered after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The reason behind this discovery is not related to the rich content of the book. The fact that it complies with the political situation in the early 90s and suggests that capitalism is unrivaled. However, this book is intellectually poor and vulnerable to serious criticism. This book, which is mystical in terms of the philosophy of history, proposes views similar to the totalitarian ideas of the movements and philosophers which it criticizes. This paper reviews Popper's views on Marxism and the alternatives he offers to Marx. These alternatives are completely unfounded in today's conditions and have no scientific basis. He lacked the intellectual equipment and knowledge necessary for the critique of Marxism. Key Words: History, open society, Marxism, politics.
Bakelite and its applications (1913)

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A Possibility for Implementing Curiosity and Boredom in Model-Building Neural Controllers (1991)

This paper introduces a framework for `curious neural controllers' which employ an adaptive world model for goal directed on-line learning.First an on-line reinforcement learning algorithm for autonomous `animats' is described.The algorithm is based on two fully recurrent `self-supervised' continually running networks which learn in parallel.One of the networks learns to represent a complete model of the environmental dynamics and is called the `model network'.It provides complete `credit assignment paths' into the past for the second network which controls the animats physical actions in a possibly reactive environment.The animats goal is to maximize cumulative reinforcement and minimize cumulative `pain'.The algorithm has properties which allow to implement something like the desire to improve the model network's knowledge about the world.This is related to curiosity.It is described how the particular algorithm (as well as similar model-building algorithms) may be augmented by dynamic curiosity and boredom in a natural manner.This may be done by introducing (delayed) reinforcement for actions that increase the model network's knowledge about the world.This in turn requires the model network to model its own ignorance, thus showing a rudimentary form of self-introspective behavior.
Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>hexagonal nanoplates and thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>nanocomposites (2007)

Bi2Te3 plate-like crystals with homogeneous hexagonal morphology were rapidly synthesized using a microwave assisted wet chemical method in 30 min. These Bi2Te3 nanoplates possessed a fixed edge with a length of ~0.5–2 µm, and the thickness was less than ~100 nm. The n-type Bi2Te3 nanocomposites were prepared by consolidating mixtures of these nanoplates and mechanically alloyed powders using plasma activated sintering, and the effect of nanoplate addition on the thermoelectric properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. When the content of the doped nanoplates was 15 wt%, the lattice thermal conductivity of the Bi2Te3 nanocomposites decreased by 18% compared with that of the undoped compounds. A preliminary investigation showed that nanopowder addition was an effective way to decrease the thermal conductivity and increase the thermoelectric efficiency.
Short Paper: IP spoofing detection for preventing DDoS attack in Cloud Computing (2015)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack has been identified as the biggest security threat to service availability in Cloud Computing. It prevents legitimate Cloud Users from accessing pool of resources provided by Cloud Providers by flooding and consuming network bandwidth to exhaust servers and computing resources. A major attribute of a DDoS attack is spoofing of IP address that hides the identity of the attacker. This paper discusses different methods for detecting spoofed IP packet in Cloud Computing and proposes Host-Based Operating System (OS) fingerprinting that uses both passive and active method to match the Operating System of incoming packet from its database. Additionally, how the proposed technique can be implemented was demonstrated in Cloud Computing environment.