gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Part XVII. Physicochemical and pharmaceutic properties of drugs that influence the results of clinical trials (1962)

Despite the fact that pharmacologists and some clinicians are aware that physical, chemical, and pharmaceutic properties of a drug may influence its actions and effects, little consideration has been given to quantitating the effects of these properties. It is the aim of this article to discuss and illustrate the fact that the rate of gastrointestinal absorption of a drug is often a function of the time needed for the drug to dissolve in the fluid at the site of absorption. Clinical trials of several forms of the same drug may merely confirm a result which should have been predicted on the basis of its properties, such as specific surface area, type of salt, and the form in which it is administered.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Graphene Hybrids as New Active Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (2015)

Abstract Energy conversion and storage devices play an important role in industry and society with the rapid growth of energy consumption. Developing a highly efficient, environmentally friendly device mainly depends on improvements in high‐performance electrode materials or catalysts. Recently, graphitic carbon nitride/graphene (g‐C 3 N 4 /graphene) hybrids have drawn considerable attention and shown great potential as active materials in the field of energy conversion and storage due to their unique and tunable nanostructure, high nitrogen content, and conductivity. This review focuses on the recent significant advances in the fabrication and application of g‐C 3 N 4 /graphene hybrids as electro‐ or photocatalysts and electrode materials. Synthetic strategies and applications for photo‐ or electro‐related devices are presented, accompanied with a discussion of the challenges and research directions for the future development of g‐C 3 N 4 /graphene hybrids.
Ranking: Compare, don't score (2011)

The need to rank items based on user input arises in many practical applications such as elections, group-decision making and recommendation systems. The primary challenge in such scenarios is to decide a global ranking based on partial preferences provides by users. The standard approach to address this challenge is to ask users to provide explicit numerical ratings (cardinal information) of a subset of items. The main appeal of such an approach is the ease of aggregation. However, the rating scale as well as the individual ratings are often arbitrary and may not be consistent from one user to another. A more natural alternative to numerical ratings requires users to compare pairs of items (ordinal information). In contrast to cardinal information, such comparisons provide an "absolute" indicator of the user's preference. However, it is often hard to combine or aggregate comparisons to obtain a consistent global ranking. In this work, we provide a tractable framework for utilizing comparison data as well as first-order marginal information for the purpose of ranking. We treat the available information as partial samples from an unknown distribution over permutations. Using the Principle of Maximum Entropy, we devise a concise parameterization of distribution consistent with observations using only O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) parameters, where n is the number of items in question. We propose a distributed, iterative algorithm for estimating the parameters of the distribution. We establish the correctness of the algorithm as well as identify the rate of convergence explicitly. Using the learnt distribution, we provide efficient approach to (a) learn the mode of the distribution using 'maximum weight matching', (b) identification of top k items, and (c) an aggregate ranking of all n items. Through evaluation of our approach on real-data, we verify effectiveness of our solutions as well as the scalability of the algorithm.
Effects of Soluble Calcium-to-Protein Ratio on Age Gelation of Ultra (2021)

Reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) retentates were ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed and compared for storage life at room temperature. Viscosity studies indicated that UHT-treated, RO retentate delayed age gelation longer than UF retentate at the same total solids level (26% TS). When compared at 6.4% protein level (2x RO vs 2.7x UF where x=ratio of the feed volume to concentrate volume), the storage life for both RO and UF retentates was about 6 to 8 months. Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and disodium phosphate (DSP) at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 mM concentrations were incorporated prior to UHT processing of each sample to improve the shelf life. SHMP at 1 and 3 mM concentrations was effective in delaying age gelation, whereas all levels of DSP accelerated gelation. However, SHMP accelerated age gelation at concentrations of 10 and 20 mM. SHMP at 1 mM in RO retentate was more effective in delaying age gelation than the same SHMP level in two UF samples (22 and 26% TS). Analysis showed that RO/UHT-treated samples had higher soluble calcium and ionic calcium than did UF/UHT-treated samples. The coefficient of determination (R2) was .80 between soluble calcium-to-protein ratio and shelf life.
Esterification of Stearic Acid with Triethanolamine over Zirconium Sulfate Supported on SBA‐15 Mesoporous Molecular Sieve (2010)

Abstract Zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15 (pore diameter about 6 nm) mesoporous molecular sieve was synthesized. Various techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature‐programmed desorption, were used to characterize the prepared catalysts. It was shown that the catalyst exhibited straight, parallel, and uniform channels, zirconium sulfate had been finely dispersed on the surface of SBA‐15, and most of the zirconium sulfate species were located inside the pore channels. The catalyst contained two kinds of acid sites with different strengths. Zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15 was used to catalyze the esterification of stearic acid with triethanolamine and recycling was used. The composition of esteramine was analyzed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The analytic results showed that the catalytic activity and selectivity of zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15 in the esterification of stearic acid and triethanolamine was better than that of phosphorous acid, zirconium sulfate supported on MCM‐41, and zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15.
Mixed-mode EMI noise and its implications to filter design in offline switching power supplies (2002)

Analysis of the newly discovered mixed-mode EMI noise provides a better understanding of the filter attenuation mechanism. Many practical design issues are investigated from this point of view. Hopefully, the results given in the paper reduce the mystery and the cut-and-try process in filter design in offline power supplies.
Gravity Modeling for High-Accuracy GPS/INS Integration (1998)

The feasibility of improving airborne GPS/INS integrated navigation by use of accurate deflection of the vertical (DOV) information is investigated in this paper. Based on the available 2 times 2 arcmin DOV grid, tests were run on GPS/INS navigation data, and the results were compared with the corresponding results where the DOV compensation was not used. The issue of stochastic modeling of the anomalous gravity field in the state vector of the integrated filter is also addressed. The tests were conducted using the Airborne Integrated Mapping System (AIMS™), whose positioning component is based on a tightly integrated GPS/INS. The system is designed to provide orientation and position of an aerial platform, with estimated accuracy of 4–7 cm in position and ∼ 10 arcsec in orientation in postmission mode. A brief overview of the system is also given, including a discussion of current error modeling and airborne test results.
COMPARISON OF RAPID COLORIMETRIC METHOD WITH CONVENTIONAL METHOD IN THE ISOLATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (2004)

The aim of the study was to evaluate two methods (colorimetric and conventional) for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of 500 clinical specimens were processed by modified Petroff's method and then inoculated into MB/BacT-240 system bottles and on LJ medium slopes. The specimens included 242 sputum, 95 gastric aspirates, 47 pleural fluids, 45 CSF, 32 urine, 18 pus, 11 bronchoalveolar lavage, 3 tissue, 2 stool, 2 lymphnode specimens, 2 synovial fluid and 1 bronchial wash specimens. The isolation rate was 16.4% by the colorimetric method and 2.2% by the conventional method. The mean detection time was 16 days and 26 days respectively. Among 36 direct smear positive samples, 63.9%(23/36) and 30%(11/36) were positive by colorimetric and conventional methods respectively. Out of 464 direct smear negative samples 12.9%(60/464) and 0.6%(3/464) were positive by colorimetric and conventional methods respectively. Therefore, colorimetric method enables rapid detection leading to early diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing.
Efficient TCO-Free Organic Solar Cells with Modified Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Anodes (2011)

Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) with a highly conductive poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer as an anode and that were modified with the addition of some organic solvents such as sorbitol (So), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), and ethylene glycol (EG) were fabricated without the use of transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film that was modified with each additive was enhanced by three orders of magnitude. According to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) study, the conductivity enhancement might have been related to the better connections between the conducting PEDOT chains. The TCO-free solar cells with a modified PEDOT:PSS layer and an active layer composed of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl [6, 6] C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) performed as well as the indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-based organic solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic solar cells with a DMSO-, So + DMSO-, and EG-modified PEDOT:PSS layer reached 3.51, 3.64, and 3.77%, respectively, under an illumination of AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2).
<title>Investigation of highly energetic transitions in some Pr3+-doped fluoride and oxide crystals</title> (2001)

The excitation and emission spectra obtained for Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YAlO<SUB>3</SUB>, Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:LiYF<SUB>4</SUB> and K<SUB>5</SUB>PrLi<SUB>2</SUB>F<SUB>10</SUB> crystals by means of high-energetic excitation with synchrotron radiation are presented. In the emission spectra broad, overlapping bands in UV range are present. Their positions, bandwidths as well as the short emission decay times suggest, that emission from levels of 4f5d configuration dominate in all of the crystal investigated.
Monolithic/Modularized Voltage Regulator Channel (2007)

To achieve higher power density and design flexibility with unlimited phase number, the concept of monolithic/modularized voltage regulator channel (MVRC) is introduced to be a generic power integrated circuit (IC) solution for both central processing unit (CPU) and point-of-load (POL) power management. Novel control architecture and analog circuits are invented to implement the MVRC concept. Tolerance analysis and hardware testing verified that the MVRC approach is suitable for today's and even future's microprocessor power management.
Inhibition of platelet–vessel wall interactions by thromboxane receptor antagonism in a human <i>in vitro</i> system: potentiation of antiplatelet effects of aspirin (1998)

In vitro effect of Bay u 3405 on platelet function were superior to those observed with ASA. The thromboxane antagonism antagonism provided by Bay u 3405 further enhanced the inhibition of platelet aggregate formation found after ASA treatment.
Manufacturing feature recognition toward integration with process planning (2001)

Process planning plays a key role by linking CAD and CAM. Its front-end is feature recognition, but feature recognition research has not been in accord with the requirements of process planning. This paper presents an effort for integrating the two activities: feature-based machining sequence generation primarily based on tool capabilities. The system recognizes only manufacturable features by consulting the tool database, and simultaneously constructs dependencies among the features. Then, the A* algorithm is used to search for an optimal machining sequence by the aid of the feature dependencies and a manufacturing cost function.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Expression Overcomes Repression of the Hepatic Phenotype in Dedifferentiated Hepatoma Cells (1997)

The capacity of the liver-enriched transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) to direct redifferentiation of dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells was investigated by stable transfection of epitope-tagged HNF4 cDNA into H5 variant cells. HNF4-producing cells expressed the previously silent HNF1 gene and showed activation of some hepatic functions, including alpha1-antitrypsin, beta-fibrinogen, and transthyretin, but not of the endogenous HNF4 gene. Expression of the other hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors was not modified. Treatment of the HNF4tag-expressing cells with dexamethasone induced expression of the transgene by 10-fold, resulting in enhanced expression of target genes of both glucocorticoid hormones and HNF4. The set of activated hepatic genes was extended by treatment of cells with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine followed by selection in dexamethasone-containing glucose-free medium. Some of the colonies that developed reexpressed the entire set of hepatic functions tested. Fusion of HNF4tag-producing H5 cells with well-differentiated Fao cells showed that only those hybrids which maintained expression of HNF4tag were protected from complete extinction, including that of the Fao HNF4 gene. Thus, H5 cells must produce an extinguisher of the HNF4 gene. In addition, this result implies that HNF4 itself, or its target HNF1, is a positive regulator of HNF4. In conclusion, HNF4tag expression overcomes repression of the hepatic phenotype of the H5 cell without abolishing its potential to extinguish an active genome. Taken together, these results predict that expression of HNF4 should be sufficient to establish heritable expression of many parameters of the hepatic differentiated state.
Beneficial Sexual Side-effects from Fluoxetine (1994)

We report cases of several side-effects from the anti-depressant fluoxetine. We suggest that, at therapeutic doses, fluoxetine may have a beneficial effect on sexual function in some men with erectile failure and premature ejaculation.
User Access Pattern Enhanced Small Web Search (2003)

Current search engines generally utilize link analysis techniques to improve the ranking of returned web-pages. However, the same techniques applied to a small Web, such as a website or an intranet Web, cannot achieve the same level of performance because the link structure is different from the global Web. In this paper we proposed a novel method of generating implicit link structure based on users’ access patterns, and then apply a modified PageRank algorithm to produce the ranking of web-pages. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms keyword-based method by 16%, explicit link-based PageRank by 20% and DirectHit by 14%, respectively.
3D printed capacitive pressure sensor with corrugated surface (2017)

In this work a novel 3D printed capacitive pressure sensor with a corrugated surface is presented. The design composed of top and bottom plates. The sensor is 3D printed using a commercially available polymer material and then coated with Cr and Au with sputtering process. The dimensions of produced structure that designed is 11 × 11 × 4.6mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Due to the corrugated surface, the area of the plates is increased 19.46% compared to a standard flat surface parallel plate capacitive sensor in the same bulk area. The design process of the sensor, simulation and the experimental results are given and explained in detail. The performance of the sensor is tested with various pressure levels between 0 Pa and 8.88 kPa. The experimental results show that the capacitance range of the sensor is 2.7 pF-4.3 pF. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor is obtained as 0.14 pF / kPa. The results confirm that the presented capacitive sensor can be utilized for carrying out pressure measurements.
Growth-rate-dependent alteration of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels in Escherichia coli K-12 (1979)

The levels of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase are subject to metabolic regulation; they increased three- to fivefold with increasing growth rate.
Geschmolzenes Antimon(III)‐bromid als ionisierendes Lösungsmittel und das Verhalten darin gelöster Substanzen. I (1957)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß geschmolzenes Antimon(III)‐bromid hinsichtlich seiner Eigenschaften als Solvens in die Reihe der ionisierenden, „wasserähnlichen”︁ Lösungsmittel einzuordnen ist. Geschmolzenes SbBr 3 vermag eine beträchtliche Zahl von anorganischen und organischen Substanzen aufzulösen. Zahlreiche Substanzen kristallisieren aus diesen Lösungen als Doppelverbindungen mit SbBr 3 aus. Man kann daher auf weitgehende Solvatation der in Antimonbromid gelösten Stoffe schließen. Die Auflösungen zahlreicher Substanzen in SbBr 3 leiten ähnlich wie wäßrige. Elektrolytlösungen den elektrischen Strom recht gut, während reines geschmolzenes SbBr 3 nur eine geringe spezifische Leitfähigkeit von 1 · 10 −5 rez. Ohm · cm bei 100 °C aufweist. Die Eigenleitfähigkeit wird auf eine geringfügige Dissoziation nach folgendem Schema zurückgeführt: SbBr 3 ⇌ SbBr 2 + + Br − · solv. Danach sind Stoffe, welche im gelösten Zustande SbBr 2 + ‐Ionen abspalten können, Säurenanaloge im Solvens SbBr 3 . Stoffe, die Br − ‐Ionen liefern können, sind Basenanaloge. Basenanaloge Verbindungen sind z.B. KBr, TIBr u. ä. Bromide. Säurenanaloge Verbindungen sind einige Antimon(III)‐salze, die im gelösten Zustande in der Form SbBr 2 [X] vorliegen. Verschiedene Bromide mehr‐wertiger Elemente sind „potentielle Elektrolyte”︁, die in Lösung Solvate mit säurenanalogen Eigenschaften bilden, z. B. die Verbindung AlBr 3 : AlBr 3 + SbBr 3 = SbBr 3 · AlBr 3 = SbBr 2 [AlBr 4 ]. Die elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten und der kryoskopisch bestimmbare Verteilungszustand dieser Stoffe im Solvens SbBr 3 werden untersucht.
High precision sampling for chromatographic separations (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh precision sampling for chromatographic separationsBarry E. Bowen, Stuart P. Cram, John E. Leitner, and Robert L. WadeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 13, 2185–2191Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60335a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60335a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PCR-based Determination of the Correct Orientation of Subcloned DNA Fragments, and its Application in the Rapid Cloning and Recombinant Expression of Rat Urocortin in Eukaryotic Cells (2000)

Blunt-end DNA fragments can be inserted in two different orientations. Conventionally, their directions are determined by restriction enzyme digestion or by DNA sequencing, however, these methods are often limited in their use due to the lack of appropriate enzyme sites or large sample numbers, respectively. In the present study, a novel strategy and the corresponding protocol for the simple determination of insert orientation is introduced. Using conventional sequencing primers and PCR primers that have been used for amplification of the insert, single clones, which have inserted the fragment in the desired orientation, were easily identified by this PCR-based method. The fidelity of this system was confirmed by cloning of a rat urocortin cDNA, which is a recently discovered neuropeptide. Recombinant clones identified by this method were further shown to be fully functional, and using these, for the first time, urocortin was recombinantly expressed in eukaryotic cells.
Overview of Chirality and Chiral Drugs (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview of chirality General strategies for synthesis of chiral drugs Trends in the development of chiral drugs References
Polarization Diversity System for Mobile Radio (1972)

Conventional space diversity reception at typical elevated base locations requites separation of 30λ for broadside incidence and even more for in-line incidence and is therefore difficult to implement. A polarization diversity system for mobile radio is proposed. This is a two-branch receiver diversity system with the advantage that the base station antennas can be spaced as closely as desired. An experimental program has been carried out to obtain the statistical properties of vertically and horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves in a suburban environment at 836 MHz. It was observed that signals of both polarizations were Rayleigh plus log normal, where one is uncorrelated and other is correlated irrespective of base or mobile antenna spacings. The local means of the two signals were highly correlated and were with ± 3 dB for almost 90 percent of the time. Variation of base transmitter heights appeared to have little effect on the ratio of the local means of the two signals. The analysis and experiment demonstrated the feasibility of providing two diversity branches at UHF by polarization diversity.
Water pressure points (2014)

Water reform is stuck in neutral, but pressure is building for a major overhaul that could include a single national regulator and growing private participation, writes Richard Collins.
Introduction (2009)

Other| January 01 2009 Introduction Nicolas G. Rosenthal, Nicolas G. Rosenthal Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Allison Varzally Allison Varzally Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California History (2009) 87 (1): 24–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/40495241 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nicolas G. Rosenthal, Allison Varzally; Introduction. California History 1 January 2009; 87 (1): 24–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/40495241 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 2009 California Historical Society Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.