gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology mapping with crosstalk noise avoidance (2010)

In today's VLSI designs, crosstalk effects causing chips to fail or suffer from low yields have become one of the very essential design issues. In this paper, we attempt to reduce crosstalk noise in logic and physical synthesis stage, which is usually done in post-layout stage. We propose a technology mapping method that can reduce the crosstalk noise while meeting delay constraints. The algorithm employing a dynamic programming framework in the matching phase determines the routing of fanin nets for all the matches to estimate the track utilization in probability. These routings are stored as virtual routing maps to compute the crosstalk noise during the covering phase, which will select the crosstalk-minimal solutions satisfying the delay constraints rather than the delay-minimal ones. This problem is different from wire congestion-driven technology mapping and our experimental results are encouraging. We experiment on the benchmark circuits in 90nm process, the results show that, with 7% of area increase, our proposed approach is effective to improve the crosstalk by 28% on average, as compared to the conventional delay- and/or congestion-driven technology mapping. The overall result is better than the efforts done in post-layout stage, and has been validated by modern commercial EDA tools. In addition, this proposed approach can be applied in local technology remapping at post-placement/post-routing and ECO stages as well.
Evaluation of Drugs With Specific Organ Toxicities in Organ-Specific Cell Lines (2011)

Safety attrition of drugs during preclinical development as well as in late-stage clinical trials continues to be a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry for patient welfare and financial reasons. Hepatic, cardiac, and nephrotoxicity remain the main reasons for compound termination. In recent years, efforts have been made to identify such liabilities earlier in the drug development process, through utilization of in silico and cytotoxicity models. Several publications have aimed to predict specific organ toxicities. For example, two large-scale evaluations of hepatotoxic compounds have been conducted. In contrast, only small cardiotoxic and nephrotoxic compound sets have been evaluated. Here, we investigated the utility of hepatic-, cardiac-, and kidney-derived cell lines to (1) accurately predict cytotoxicity and (2) to accurately predict specific organ toxicities. We tested 273 hepatotoxic, 191 cardiotoxic, and 85 nephrotoxic compounds in HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), H9c2 (embryonic myocardium), and NRK-52E (kidney proximal tubule) cells for their cytotoxicity. We found that the majority of compounds, regardless of their designated organ toxicities, had similar effects in all three cell lines. Only approximately 5% of compounds showed differential toxicity responses in the cell lines with no obvious correlation to the known in vivo organ toxicity. Our results suggest that from a general screening perspective, different cell lines have relatively equal value in assessing general cytotoxicity and that specific organ toxicity cannot be accurately predicted using such a simple approach. Select organ toxicity potentially results from compound accumulation in a particular tissue, cell types within organs, metabolism, and off-target effects. Our analysis, however, demonstrates that the prediction can be improved significantly when human C(max) values are incorporated.
DNA fingerprinting of medically important microorganisms by use of PCR (1994)

Selected segments of any DNA molecule can be amplified exponentially by PCR. This technique provides a powerful tool to detect and identify minimal numbers of microorganisms. PCR is applicable both in diagnosis and in epidemiology. By amplification of hypervariable DNA domains, differences can be detected even among closely related strains. PCR fingerprinting is a valuable tool for medical microbiologists, epidemiologists, and microbial taxonomists. The current state of PCR-mediated genotyping is reviewed, and a comparison with conventional molecular typing methods is included. Because of its speed and versatility, PCR fingerprinting will play an important role in microbial genetics, epidemiology, and systematics.
Paragon (2013)

Large-scale datacenters (DCs) host tens of thousands of diverse applications each day. However, interference between colocated workloads and the difficulty to match applications to one of the many hardware platforms available can degrade performance, violating the quality of service (QoS) guarantees that many cloud workloads require. While previous work has identified the impact of heterogeneity and interference, existing solutions are computationally intensive, cannot be applied online and do not scale beyond few applications. We present Paragon, an online and scalable DC scheduler that is heterogeneity and interference-aware. Paragon is derived from robust analytical methods and instead of profiling each application in detail, it leverages information the system already has about applications it has previously seen. It uses collaborative filtering techniques to quickly and accurately classify an unknown, incoming workload with respect to heterogeneity and interference in multiple shared resources, by identifying similarities to previously scheduled applications. The classification allows Paragon to greedily schedule applications in a manner that minimizes interference and maximizes server utilization. Paragon scales to tens of thousands of servers with marginal scheduling overheads in terms of time or state. We evaluate Paragon with a wide range of workload scenarios, on both small and large-scale systems, including 1,000 servers on EC2. For a 2,500-workload scenario, Paragon enforces performance guarantees for 91% of applications, while significantly improving utilization. In comparison, heterogeneity-oblivious, interference-oblivious and least-loaded schedulers only provide similar guarantees for 14%, 11% and 3% of workloads. The differences are more striking in oversubscribed scenarios where resource efficiency is more critical.
Navigation Server: a highly parallel DBMS on open systems (2002)

Navigation Server was jointly developed to provide a highly scalable, high-performance parallel database server in the industry. By combining ATandT's experience in massively parallel systems, such as Teradata system, with Sybase's industry-leading open, client/server DBMS, Navigation Server was developed with some specific design objectives: Scalability. Minimizing interference by minimizing resource sharing among the concurrent processes, the shared-nothing architecture has, as of today, emerged as the architecture of choice for highly scalable parallel systems. Navigation Server adopts the shared-nothing parallel architecture to allow parallelized queries, updates, load, backup, and other utilities on a partitioned database. Portability Built on top of Sybase's open system products, Navigation Server is portable to Unix-based parallel machines. Further the shared-nothing software architecture demands minimal changes when porting Navigation Server to various parallel platforms ranging from symmetric multi-processing, clustered, to massively parallel processing systems. Availability. For a parallel system with many nodes, it may be often to see some hardware component failure. To achieve high availability, Navigation Server implements a hierarchical monitoring scheme to monitor all the running processes. With the monitoring frequency configurable by users, a process will be restarted automatically on an alternate node once a failure is detected. Usability. Navigation Server appears as a single Sybase SQL server to end users. Besides, it provides Sybase SQL Server two management tools: Configurator and Navigation Server Manager. The Configurator analyzes customers' workload, monitors system performance, and recommends configurations for optimal performance and resource utilization. The Navigation Server Manager provides graphical utilities to administer the system simply and efficiently.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induction of Red Color Formation in Cabbage Juice by <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> and Its Relationship to Pink Sauerkraut (1973)

Membrane-filtered cabbage juice, when fermented by Lactobacillus brevis under conditions of controlled pH, frequently produced a water-soluble red pigment. The pigment, presumably responsible for imparting a highly objectionable discoloration to sauerkraut, was formed during the post logarithmic phase of growth. Color development is pH dependent (5.2 to 6.3) and can be suppressed by chemical reductants or anaerobic conditions of growth. The compound responsible for discoloration was purified and partially characterized.
Safety and efficacy of 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in the treatment of melasma (2003)

A cream containing 4% hydroquinone, 10% buffered glycolic acid, vitamins C and E, and sunscreen is safe and effective in the treatment of melasma.
Doxium® (Calcium Dobesilate) Reduces Blood Hyperviscosity and Lowers Elevated Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Glaucoma (1991)

In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 79 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with early retinopathy and open-angle glaucoma received orally either three 500-mg capsules of Doxium (calcium dobesilate) daily for 6 months (41 patients) or three placebo capsules daily for the same period (38 patients). At the end of the study statistically significant differences in the Doxium group compared with the placebo group were recorded: intraocular pressure, visual field defects, surface area of retinal hemorrhages, and whole blood and plasma viscosity were reduced (p less than 0.001). Coefficient of outflow facility and serum albumin concentration were increased (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.02, respectively). These results suggest that increased whole blood viscosity is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and for glaucomatous optic nerve damage. They further suggest that Doxium reduces blood hyperviscosity and lowers intraocular pressure, with a beneficial effect on retinal state and visual fields.
A dual-band voltage-mode class-D PA for 0.8/1.8 GHz applications (2013)

This paper presents a compact dual-band voltage-mode class-D power amplifier module suitable for the LTE frequency bands at 0.8 GHz and 1.8 GHz. It uses a broadband GaN voltage-mode PA MMIC and a hybrid lumped element dual-band filter structure. The amplifier can handle various pulse-mode or digital modulation schemes. For a pulse-width modulated input signal the PA achieves a maximum output power of 5.4 W at 0.85 GHz and 4.3 W at 1.8 GHz. Peak drain efficiency is 84% and 54% for 0.85 GHz and 1.8 GHz, respectively. At 6 dB power back-off, drain efficiencies of 40% (0.85 GHz) and 25% (1.8 GHz) are obtained.
Virtual local area network technology and applications (2002)

The paper gives the details of VLAN technology and explains not only how it works, but also explains the different types of VLANs and where they should be in a network. Some real world networks and some of the common problems associated with those traditional layouts are discussed. The author then integrates switches into those problem networks and examines the effect.
Radiation inactivation of human prostate cancer cells: the role of apoptosis. (1996)

Radiation-induced apoptosis detected by gel electrophoresis was measured in cells of three human prostate carcinoma cell lines (TSU, PC-3 and DU-145) and compared to their intrinsic radiosensitivities as measured by clonogenic assays. The intrinsic radiosensitivities of each cell line were defined by their alpha and beta coefficients and their surviving fraction at 2 Gy, derived from complete survival curves. The temporal expression and kinetics of radiation-induced apoptosis for DU-145 cells, the human prostate carcinoma cell line which expressed the highest rate of radiation-induced apoptosis, was characterized further by differential sedimentation and the immunofluorescence assay (Apoptag) which was specific for 3'-OH ends in cellular DNA. Cell viability was measured microscopically with trypan blue staining. Cell survival after various doses was computer-fitted to either a simple linear or a linear-quadratic equation. Twenty-four hours after a 10-Gy dose of 137Cs gamma rays, DNA fragmentation to nucleosome multimers was strongly expressed in only DU-145 cells. In this cell line, when centrifugation at 12,000g for 10 min was used to separate fragmented from large molecular weight DNA, the proportion of DNA in the supernatant increased to a maximum of approximately 17% of the total by 10-12 h after radiation treatment. Cell death 24 h after irradiation measured by trypan blue exclusion assays followed single-hit kinetics up to 80 Gy. The proportion of cells which were labeled with Apoptag displayed single-hit kinetics and yielded the same inactivation coefficient as measured by trypan blue. Together, these data indicate that the rapid (24 h) inactivation of irradiated DU-145 cells results from apoptosis and accounts for about 5% of the single-hit killing measured by clonogenic assay. Temporal studies of radiation-induced killing of DU-145 cells distinguished this rapid mechanism of cell death from the major mechanism (72-144 h). These may correlate with apoptosis and proliferative cell death, respectively. Of the three prostate cancer cell lines investigated, only DU-145 cells displayed significant levels of radiation-induced DNA fragmentation and rapid cell death, with characteristics of apoptosis. This mechanism of cell death was complete by 24 h after irradiation and was well separated in time from the death of cells by the major mechanisms which occurred after 72 h, and accounted for about 5% of cell inactivation by a single-hit mechanism.
Kinetics of the Anatase‐Rutile Transformation (1965)

Transformation of three commercial anatase powders resulted in sigmoid curves of transformation vs. time, which were interpreted in terms of a nucleation‐growth process. Analysis of these curves by several rate laws led to activation energies for nucleation of 109, 136, and 148 kcal/mole and for growth of 100, 115, and 190 kcal/mole, respectively. The rate of transformation and activation energy are governed by the nature and amount of impurities which determine the defect structure of the TiO 2 , i.e. the concentration of oxygen vacancies or interstitials. It is suggested that, in general, oxygen vacancies accelerate and the interstitials inhibit the transformation. CuO additions and hydrogen atmospheres accelerated the transformation by the introduction of oxygen vacancies and/or by reduction to a second Ti n O 2n−1 Magnéli phase which could act as a nucleating agent. The transformation is retarded in vacuum; this retardation is attributed to the introduction of titanium interstitials.
Tooling up for large wind turbine blades (2007)

A company on the Isle of Wight, geographical focus for some of the UK's leading expertise in both composites and renewable energies, has provided Reinforced Plastics with an overview on tooling used to produce today's increasingly enormous wind turbine blades. George Marsh reports.
Hybridizing the local loop (1994)

The recent collapse of two widely publicized merger proposals-of Bell Atlantic with Tele-Communications International and Southwestern Bell with Cox Broadcasting-has shaken some industry pundits, who are now wondering if communications convergence is on hold, if not dead. Whether or not phone and cable TV companies merge, the technologies they use to deliver their services to the home will do so. The author speculates how electric utilities may play a key role in their amalgamation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of fishing intensity and selectivity on trophic structure and fishery production (2017)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 585:185-198 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12402 Effect of fishing intensity and selectivity on trophic structure and fishery production Shijie Zhou1,*, Anthony D. M. Smith2 1CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia 2CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia *Corresponding author: shijie.zhou@csiro.au ABSTRACT: Fishing intensity and selectivity patterns affect ecosystem structure and fisheries yield, the 2 fundamental performance measures in the ecosystem approach to fisheries. We used a simple multispecies predation model to explore the effect of alternative fishing strategies on a 3‑trophic-level food chain. Fishing strategies included highly selective fishing, nonselective fishing, and balanced harvesting that harvests all species at an instantaneous fishing mortality rate either proportional to intrinsic population growth rate or proportional to current population growth rate. The results showed that harvesting species at higher trophic levels has a low impact on total biomass but results in very low yields and severe impacts on trophic structure. Selectively harvesting species at the bottom of the food chain reduces the biomass of all fish, results in high yields, and is the only strategy that maintains unfished trophic structure. Non-selective fishing produces high total yield, but can cause extinction of fish at high trophic levels, and severely alters the trophic structure. Balanced harvest strategies produce higher total yield than harvesting species only at the bottom of the food chain, and have a smaller impact on trophic structure than selectively harvesting the top predator or nonselective fishing, but cannot fully maintain trophic structure. While these findings from a very simple model can provide insight into results from more complex models, analysis of sensitivity to structural assumptions in such simple models will be required to shed further light on the dynamic consequences of fishing across multiple trophic levels. KEY WORDS: Holling-Tanner model · Lotka-Volterra model · Ecosystem approach to fisheries · Trophic structure · Multispecies harvest strategies · Balanced harvest Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Zhou S, Smith ADM (2017) Effect of fishing intensity and selectivity on trophic structure and fishery production. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 585:185-198. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12402 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 585. Online publication date: December 22, 2017 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research.
Singapore (2014)

Public relations (PR) in Singapore can be traced back to the period immediately after World War II when the British colonial authorities re-established power after the defeat of Japan. As Singapore's status as a cross-road for trade and innovation grew, public relations expanded. This started with government and corporate interests and has expanded, with a strong emphasis on nation identity and nation-building. The PR industry has grown to be one of the main hubs in Asia, alongside the development of media industries and regional corporate headquarters. At present, PR remains at a pre-professionalization stage but is considered to be moving in an upward direction.Keywordshistory of public relationsnational identitynation-buildingpublic relationsSingaporetraditional competencies
Dotiki saves money and time with power tool and belt fasteners (2009)

The use of a Hilti power tool to improve belt splice installations to minimise downtime is described. 3 photos.
Physics and physiology in the hyperbaric environment (1987)

The following topics are reviewed in relation to diving: the physical properties of hyperbaric gases; light and vision; sound, hearing and speech; the cardiovascular system; the lungs; thermal regulation; decompression sickness; central nervous system.
Impact of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (RTEBC) consumption on adequacy of micronutrient intakes and compliance with dietary recommendations in Irish adults (2003)

The consumption of RTEBCs is associated with improved compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and fibre, with a more micronutrient-dense diet and a reduced risk of dietary inadequacy for calcium, iron, riboflavin and folate, without increasing the risk of excessive intakes of micronutrients.
Reputation-Enhanced QoS-based Web Services Discovery (2007)

With an increasing number of Web services providing similar functionalities, quality of service (QoS) is becoming an important criterion for selection of the best available service. Currently the problem is twofold. The Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) registries do not have the ability to publish the QoS information, and the authenticity of the advertised QoS information available elsewhere may be questionable. We propose a model of reputation-enhanced QoS- based Web services discovery that combines an augmented UDDI registry to publish the QoS information and a reputation manager to assign reputation scores to the services based on customer feedback of their performance. A discovery agent facilitates QoS-based service discovery using the reputation scores in a service matching, ranking and selection algorithm. The novelty of our model lies in its simplicity and in its coordination of the above mentioned components. We present experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach using a prototype implementation of the model.
Mass‐Productions of Vertically Aligned Extremely Long Metallic Micro/Nanowires Using Fiber Drawing Nanomanufacturing (2008)

Vertically aligned metallic micro/nanowires are produced by uniquely combining a novel fiber drawing technique and advanced materials, where the size reduction is achieved by repeating a simple draw-cut-stack process. This method can control the diameter, length and interwire spacing over a large range, and provide ordered materials at low-cost for a range of applications.
Development of an object-oriented knowledge-based system for power electronic circuit design (1996)

A knowledge-based (expert) system (KBS) approach to power electronic circuit design is presented. The system, a power electronics and control tool, designated PECT, is written using Smalltalk-80, which integrates the artificial intelligence techniques of production rules for high-level knowledge representation. PECT embraces elements of power circuitry design and contains such features as selection of the circuit configuration, control facility, and power device best suited to a given application. It is interfaced with HSPICE, the commercial version of a general-purpose circuit simulation package, and a semiconductor power device library. Data retrieved from this library is converted into an object-oriented representation database. Analytical hierarchy process reasoning is performed on this data to aid the device selection process. System architecture as well as target design realization process are detailed. The criteria of development and the factors and requirements in building the PECT are also included. An example simulation is given representing a buck-boost converter using a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) switch model.