gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silica-Gentamicin Nanohybrids: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Action (2016)

Orthopedic applications commonly require the administration of systemic antibiotics. Gentamicin is one of the most commonly used aminoglycosides in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections associated with orthopedic applications, but gentamicin has a short half-life. However, silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) can be used as elegant carriers for antibiotics to prolong their release. Our goal is the preparation and characterization of SiO₂-gentamicin nanohybrids for their potential antimicrobial administration in orthopedic applications. <i>In vitro</i> gentamicin release profile from the nanohybrids (gentamicin-conjugated SiO₂ NPs) prepared by the base-catalyzed precipitation exhibited fast release (21.4%) during the first 24 h and further extension with 43.9% release during the five-day experiment. Antimicrobial studies of the SiO₂-gentamicin nanohybrids <i>versus</i> native SiO₂ NPs and free gentamicin were performed against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>B. subtilis</i>), <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (<i>P. fluorescens</i>) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>). SiO₂-gentamicin nanohybrids were most effective against <i>B. subtilis</i>. SiO₂ NPs play no antimicrobial role. Parallel antimicrobial studies for the filter-sterilized gentamicin were performed to assess the effect of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation on gentamicin. In summary, the initial fast gentamicin release fits the need for high concentration of antibiotics after orthopedic surgical interventions. Moreover, the extended release justifies the promising antimicrobial administration of the nanohybrids in bone applications.
Accurate <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> determination from inversion recovery images: Application to human brain at 4 Tesla (1994)

It is well known that the signal polarity in inversion-recovery (IR) images changes with inversion time, complicating the determination of T1. To avoid this problem, a simple subtraction method is implemented. In this method, k-space data of the longest inversion time are subtracted from the corresponding data of each inversion time. This subtraction yields IR images of same polarity, making it straightforward to derive T1 using a standard fitting routine. Phantom T1 studies with IR Turbo-FLASH images demonstrate that this technique is robust and accurate. Four Tesla T1 values of the human brain were also determined by this method to demonstrate its in vivo utility.
A method for correcting for errors produced by variable magnification in three-dimensional tuned-aperture computed tomography (1999)

Correcting for differences in projective magnification reduces both misregistration and scaling artifacts in tomosynthetically reconstructed volumes.
Psychiatric Applications of the New Antiepileptic Drugs (2001)

ABSTRACT Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a broad range of activity in the central nervous system and can thus be expected to have multiple clinical effects. Older AEDs have been used in psychiatry for some time. Introduction of the new AEDs within the last decade has been followed by reports of their efficacy in patients who had failed the more established treatment regimens. It has become evident that drugs such as gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, zonisamide, and tiagabine have beneficial safety and cognitive profiles and appear to be well tolerated by patients. While there are an increasing amount of data available indicating that these drugs may be effective in treating certain aspects of anxiety disorders, depression, and bipolar disorder, still not enough is known about all of their potential uses. It is difficult for clinicians to evaluate and use these drugs in the absence of clinical trials. Until more studies are done to increase the evidence base for the effectiveness of these agents, we have to rely on observations from community practice and personal experiences in making treatment choices.
Network-Based Model for Video Packet Importance Considering Both Compression Artifacts and Packet Losses (2010)

Individual packet losses can have differing impact on video quality. Simple factors such as packet size, average motion, and DCT coefficient energy can be extracted from an individual compressed video packet inside the network without any inverse transforms or pixel-level decoding. Using only such factors that are self-contained within packets, we aim to predict the impact on quality as measured by VQM (video quality metric) that the loss of this packet would entail. In the context of both compression artifacts and packet loss artifacts, we develop generalized linear models to predict VQM scores and our final model gives a good performance on objective evaluation of packet importance.
ChemInform Abstract: MAKING EVIDENT A COMPOUND WITH MIXED VALENCES IN THE SYSTEM ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE‐VANADIUM PENTOXIDE (1982)

Abstract Im Titelsystem existiert, wie phasenanalytische Untersuchungen zeigen, nur eine Verbindung, deren Zusammensetzung sehr nahe bei VSbO 4 liegt.
On the optimal blocking factor for blocked, non-overlapped multiprocessor schedules (2002)

This paper addresses the issue of determining the blocked non-overlapped multiprocessor schedule of optimal blocking factor for signal processing programs expressed as synchronous dataflow (SDF) graphs. The main result of this paper is a graph-theoretic characterization of the behavior of the critical path in the precedence graph of blocking factor J as J is increased. We show that the asymptotic behavior is cyclic in the following sense: there exist constants T and /spl rho/ such that the critical path in the precedence graph of blocking factor J+/spl rho/ has weight given by CP(J+/spl rho/)=CP(J)+p/spl lambda/ /spl forall/J>T (Eq 1) Where /spl lambda/ is the maximum cycle mean in the original graph, and /spl rho/ is an integer computable from the graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Markov Decision Process Based Energy-Efficient On-Line Scheduling for Slice-Parallel Video Decoders on Multicore Systems (2012)

We consider the problem of energy-efficient on-line scheduling for slice-parallel video decoders on multicore systems with Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) enabled processors. In the past, scheduling and DVFS policies in multi-core systems have been formulated heuristically due to the inherent complexity of the on-line multicore scheduling problem. The key contribution of this paper is that we rigorously formulate the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP), which simultaneously takes into account the on-line scheduling and per-core DVFS capabilities; the power consumption of the processor cores and caches; and the loss tolerant and dynamic nature of the video decoder. The objective of the MDP is to minimize long-term power consumption subject to a minimum Quality of Service (QoS) constraint related to the decoder's throughput. We evaluate the proposed on-line scheduling algorithm in Matlab using realistic video decoding traces generated from a cycle-accurate multiprocessor ARM simulator.
STAR: Storage aware routing protocol for generalized Delay Tolerant Networks (2011)

This paper presents a novel storage aware routing (STAR) protocol designed to provide a general networking solution over a broad range of mobile and wireless scenarios. STAR enables routing policies which adapt seamlessly from a well-connected wired network to a disconnected wireless network using a 2-Dl routing metric composed of a short and a long term route cost and storage availability on downstream routers. Temporary in-network storage is preferred over forwarding along a path that is slower than average and opportunistic transmission is encouraged when a faster route becomes available. Results from ns2 based simulations show that STAR achieves 20% higher throughput compared to OLSR under varying link conditions and delivers 20% more files in DTN scenarios. Experimental evaluation of STAR on the ORBIT testbed demonstrates significant performance improvements with 25% higher peak throughput compared to OLSR in a wireless mesh network.
Fan Electricity Consumption for Variable-Air-Volume Systems. (1986)

Abstract : This report documents the results of a study conducted to quantify potential energy savings provided by different flow modulation methods and fan control strategies. Results showed that variable-air-volume(VAV) systems have substantial amounts of energy in buildings with large internal loads and considered to be core-dominated. Trends noted were shifting of fractional flows downward for warmer climates and envelope-dominated buildings. Thus, the greatest savings for VAV systems occur in envelope-dominated buildings in cooler climates. The economics decision to install frequency converters or inlet vanes should be based on individual building and climate characteristics. However, noise levels and maintenance factors should also be considered.
Extensive Linear Epidermal Nevus Associated with Hemangiomas of Bones and Vitamin-D-Resistant Rickets (1994)

The association of connate, left-sided, extensive epidermal verrucous nevus, multiple isolated bone tumors and vitamin-D-resistant rickets since childhood seen in a 20-year-old male patient corresponded to an epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS). However, other organ involvement occasionally associated with ENS could not be found in this patient, and his intraosseous tumors represented histologically benign hemangiomas. Serum analysis revealed hypophosphatemia (together with phosphaturia), decreased levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase indicating hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Therefore we suppose that vitamin-D-resistant rickets combined with skeletal tumors represents a peculiar type of osteomalacia caused by unilateral mesenchymomas.
Approximation of Wide-Sense Stationary Stochastic Processes by Shannon Sampling Series (2010)

In this paper, the convergence behavior of the symmetric and the nonsymmetric Shannon sampling series is analyzed for bandlimited continuous-time wide-sense stationary stochastic processes that have absolutely continuous spectral measure. It is shown that the nonsymmetric sampling series converges in the mean-square sense uniformly on compact subsets of the real axis if and only if the power spectral density of the process fulfills a certain integrability condition. Moreover, if this condition is not fulfilled, then the pointwise mean-square approximation error of the nonsymmetric sampling series and the supremum of the mean-square approximation error over the real axis of the symmetric sampling series both diverge. This shows that there is a significant difference between the convergence behavior of the symmetric and the nonsymmetric sampling series.
Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibition (2017)

The identification of predictive biomarkers for the benefit of cancer immunotherapy is the holy grail of the burgeoning immunotherapy field. Recent work has shown that there are a core of concepts that establish the presence of an immune cell-infiltrate, an inflammatory signature of the tumor microenvironment, and the availability of target antigens defined by mutated neoantigens, as critical for the success of the checkpoint blockade. Genetic analyses have shown that resistance to PD-1 blockade, either innate or adaptive, may be due to existing or de novo mutations in signaling pathways critical for T-cell function in a modest proportion of cases. Major hurdles in the field that remain to be overcome are the difficulty of obtaining tumor biopsies for biomarker assessment, the heterogeneity of biomarker expression within tumors and within different tumors from the same patient, and the inducibility of some biomarkers by disease-related processes. Although assessment of peripheral blood or serum biomarkers would be ideal, few data suggest that they would reliably predict outcome with checkpoint blockade. Ultimately, some amalgamated biomarker that includes tumor and host factors will be required to predict which patients are likely to benefit from, or be resistant to, the effects of checkpoint inhibition.
Growth of anodic oxides on reactively sputtered TiN <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> films (1993)

Abstract The anodic oxidation behaviour of reactively sputtered titanium nitride thin films deposited onto silicon substrates has been investigated in order to obtain oxynitride layers at room temperature. It has been found that small differences in the stoichiometry of the titanium nitride films may give rise to large changes in the reactivity with oxygen. Thus, a strong influence of N/Ti atomic ratio value on the oxidation kinetics is observed. Analysis of the films by Rutherford backscattering and secondary ion mass spectroscopy reveals that the oxide structure is formed by an outer oxidized thin layer composed of a mixture of TiO 2 + TiN x followed by a thicker layer with oxygen atoms dissolved in the previously deposited layer of titanium nitride. After prolonged oxidation, no nitrogen is detected in the surface layer, which is only composed of TiO 2 . Interestingly, the thickness of the outer layer is almost independent of the formation voltage and the anodization current.
Materials for third order nonlinear optics (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Organic materials that exhibit large real third-order optical nonlinearities, |Re(χ(3))|, and that also have low linear and nonlinear losses at telecommunication wavelengths may be useful for a range of all-optical signal-processing (AOSP) applications. Based on their solution linear and nonlinear optical characteristics, polymethine dyes in general, and chalcogenopyrylium-terminated heptamethines in particular, are a promising class of materials for AOSP, but the translation of their microscopic nonlinearity to device-relevant materials is hindered by significant aggregation of the molecules in high-chromophore density films.[1] An approach to minimize aggregation these dyes, in which bulky and rigidly out-of-plane groups are introduced both in the center of the polymethine bridge and on the heterocyclic end groups, has been developed and can lead to thin-film materials exhibiting combinations of large |Re(χ(3))|, large two-photon figure-of-merit, and low linear loss that are suitable for AOSP.[2]

[1] Hales J. M., Matichak J., Barlow S., Ohira S., Yesudas K., Bredas J.-L., Perry J. W. and S. R. Marder, Science, 2010, 327, 1485.
[2] Barlow S., Bredas J.-L., Getmanenko Y. A., Gieseking R. L., Hales J.M., Kim H., Marder S.R., Perry J. W., Risko C., Zhang Y., Materials Horizons, 2014, 1, 17.
Generalized immune activation in pulmonary tuberculosis: co-activation with HIV infection (1996)

Parameters of immune activation/differentiation were studied in a group of newly diagnosed HIV- and HIV+ pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. Compared with controls, HLA-DR expression on both CD4 and CD8 T cells from the HIV- TB patients was approximately doubled; HLA-DR on T cells from the HIV+ group was tripled. The monocytes from both groups of patients expressed abnormally high levels of the Fc gamma receptors I and III. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin were increased in HIV- and even more so in HIV+ TB patients. The expression of HLA-DR on T cell subsets and of Fc gamma R on monocytes correlated with each other, but not with serum activation markers. This pattern of non-specific activation during TB infection may be associated with enhanced susceptibility to HIV infection.
Seismic inversion and AVO analysis applied to predictive-modeling gas-condensate sands for exploration and early production in the Lower Magdalena Basin, Colombia (2014)

Abstract The Plato Depression in the Lower Magdalena Basin is a Miocene depocenter where a thick, shale-prone marine sequence known as the Porquero Formation was laid down in basin-floor conditions. Seismic inversion carried out on new and existing 2D seismic data helped to focus early exploration on a shallow stratigraphic gas-sand play associated with what seemed to be isolated shale diapirs with shallow roots. A subsequent land 3D survey helped to locate the first exploratory well, which resulted in the discovery of the Guama gas-condensate field. The main reservoir consists of laminar, low-permeability sands in a relatively thick shale-prone sequence of Early and Middle Miocene age. Sequential application of acoustic and elastic inversion and AVO analysis was used to build an evolving 3D predictive model of gas sands, extracted from an otherwise featureless seismic cube. Workflows were based on careful rock-physics analysis, simultaneous seismic inversion, and AVA analysis supported by custom well-log and seismic-gather conditioning. Work routines carried out in parallel became essential to applying quality control and fine-tuning the model, which supported three additional successful wells, early reservoir planning, and key volumetrics.
The resolutive factors issued from apoptotic cell clearance allow the termination of ongoing inflammation (2017)

Abstract Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases have in common a dysregulation of the immune response. Resolution of inflammation is a powerful process involving a numerous of factors including specialized pro-resolutive lipid mediators and proteins such as TGF-β, resulting in inflammation termination and the initiation of tissue healing. A critical step of inflammation resolution is efferocytosis of apoptotic effector cells by phagocytes which produce factors allowing the termination of inflammation and initiating tissue healing. TGF-β has been shown has mandatory in such process since it is produced by apoptotic cell and phagocytes clearing them. We hypothesize whether the reintroduction of pro-resolutive factors issued from apoptotic cell efferocytosis would allow a termination of ongoing inflammation. Injection of such resolutome in ongoing collagen-induced experimental arthritis allowed the long term reduction of clinical symptoms and was accompanied by the emergence of highly collagen-specific Tregs and antigen presenting cells (APC) reprograming through a tolerogenic state. When injected in ongoing T cell-transfer-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease experimental model, again, clinical symptoms and colon mucosa lesions were severely reduced, accompanied by a higher proliferation, migration and wound healing capacities of both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. TGF-β demonstrated a prominent role in the reprogramming of APC and regulatory T cell emergence. So far the pro-resolutive factors issued from apoptotic cell efferocytosis demonstrated the potential to terminate ongoing inflammation. This opens clinical drug development opportunities in the treatment of refractory chronic inflammatory diseases.
High-cycle fatigue of turbine engine alloys (2008)

High-cycle fatigue (HCF) is a prime cause of military aircraft turbine engine failures. It results from fatigue-crack growth in blades and disks, initiated at small defects often associated with fretting or foreign object damage. Due to the high frequencies (>1 kHz) involved, design must be based on a HCF threshold, such that crack propagation cannot occur within ~109 cycles. In this work, the nature of the fatigue threshold is examined under representative high frequency and high load-ratio conditions, in a Ti-6Al-4V blade alloy with bimodal and lamellar microstructures, with emphasis on behavior following foreign-object damage (FOD) and under mixed-mode (modes I + II) loading conditions. It is shown that for all crack sizes, large or small, but of dimensions
large compared to microstructural size-scales (“continuum-sized” cracks), a worst-case fatigue threshold can be defined (at load ratios where R ® 1 where crack closure is
minimized) which represents a lower-bound stress intensity for fatigue-crack growth.
This holds for mixed-mode loading (studied at DKII/DKI ratios from 0 to 7, at load ratios from 0.1 to 0.8), provided the threshold is characterized under worst-case mode I conditions in terms of DG (incorporating both tensile and shear components). However, for crack sizes comparable with microstructural dimensions, i.e., < 10 mm in this alloy, as can be found in the vicinity of damaged regions due to FOD impacts, fatigue thresholds can be far lower, e.g., by a factor of two. In such instances where the critical condition for HCF must be defined in the presence of such microstructurally-small cracks, the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram is more appropriate, where the limiting conditions are defined in terms of the 107-cycle fatigue limit (at microstructurally-small cracks sizes) and the “worst-case” DKTH fatigue threshold (at larger, “continuum-sized” crack sizes).
Mechanical Properties of Metal Inserts Molded into Polyurethane Structural Foams (1985)

The polyurethanes processed through Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) span a wide range of mechanical properties and find their way in many and varied applications. The characteristics of such parts are large projected areas and intricate designs. Both are made possible by the injection of reactive liquid mixtures into the mold. Structural foam is produced by foaming the liquid and relying on the expansion of the mix to fill the mold after injection. The chemistry of urethanes then allows the full range of flexural moduli to be covered from rigids to elastomers. With structural foam, parts will have larger cross sections and demonstrate a composite structure. A thin dense skin covers the outer surfaces while the core is light and microcellular.
Influenza virus H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) T‐cell epitope conjugates: design, synthesis and immunogenicity (2010)

The influenza virus, major surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is one of the principal targets for the development of protective immunity. Aiming at contributing to the development of a vaccine that remains the first choice for prophylactic intervention, a reconstituted model of HA, mimicking its antigenic properties was designed, synthesized and tested in mice for the induction of protective immunity. Four helper T lymphocyte [HTL (T(1) , T(3) , T(7) and T(8) )] and four cytotoxic lymphocyte [CTL (T(2) , T(4) , T(5) and T(6) )] epitopes were coupled in two copies each to an artificial carrier, SOC(4) , which was formed by the repeating tripeptide Lys-Aib-Gly. The helical conformation of the SOC(4) -conjugates preserves the initial topology of the attached epitopes, which is critical for their immunogenic properties. Survival of immunized animals, ranged from 30 to 50%, points out the induction of protective immunity by using the SOC(4) -conjugates.