gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies of Elastomeric and Optical Properties, and Strain-Induced Liquid-Crystalline Phase Transitions, in Deformed (Hydroxypropyl)cellulose Networks in the Swollen State (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental Studies of Elastomeric and Optical Properties, and Strain-Induced Liquid-Crystalline Phase Transitions, in Deformed (Hydroxypropyl)cellulose Networks in the Swollen StateYong Yang, A. Kloczkowski, J. E. Mark, B. Erman, and I. BaharCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 14, 4927–4931Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00118a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00118a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alendronate Improves Bone Mineral Density in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial * # (2005)

Bone loss is a well-recognized complication of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Although it has been suggested that alendronate might improve bone mineral density (BMD) in PBC, no randomized placebo-controlled trial has been conducted. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of alendronate versus placebo on BMD and biochemical measurements of bone turnover in patients with PBC-associated bone loss. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with a PBC and BMD t score of less than -1.5 were randomized to receive 70 mg per week of alendronate or placebo over 1 year. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured at entry and at 1 year. Changes from baseline in BMD and biochemical measurements of bone turnover were assessed. Thirty-four patients were enrolled. Seventeen patients were randomized to each arm. After 1 year, a significantly larger improvement (P = .005) in spine BMD was observed in the alendronate group (0.09 +/- 0.03 g/cm2 SD from baseline) compared with the placebo group (-0.003 +/- 0.02 g/cm2 SD from baseline). A larger improvement (P = .046) was also observed in the femoral BMD of alendronate patients versus placebo. BMD changes were independent of concomitant estrogen therapy. The rate of adverse effects was similar in both groups. In conclusion, in patients with PBC-related bone loss, alendronate significantly improves BMD compared with placebo. Although in this study oral alendronate appears to be well tolerated in patients with PBC, larger studies are needed to formally evaluate safety.
Neutrality: A Necessity for Self-Adaptation (2002)

Self-adaptation is used in all main paradigms of evolutionary computation to increase efficiency. We claim that the basis of self-adaptation is the use of neutrality. In the absence of external control neutrality allows a variation of the search distribution without the risk of fitness loss.
Endothelin receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of angioplasty-induced neointima formation in the rat: a comparison of selective ETA receptor antagonism and dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonism using BQ-123 and SB 209670. (1995)

The present study compared the vasculoprotective efficacy of acute and chronic endothelin (ET) ETA or dual ETA/B receptor antagonism in the rat common carotid artery (RCCA) model using BQ-123 and SB 209670. Acute intra-arterial infusion (0.1 mg/kg/min) for 2 h at the time of angioplasty of either BQ-123 or SB 209670 did not attenuate the neointima lesion formation observed 2 weeks after angioplasty (neointima:media ratios of 137% and 116% of control, respectively). In contrast, chronic administration of SB 209670 (bolus i.p. injection, 2.5 mg/kg b.i.d.) attenuated lesion formation (neointima:media ratio inhibited by 52% relative to vehicle control; p < 0.05). An identical dosage regimen of BQ-123 did not exhibit significant vasculoprotection (neointima:media ratio of 128% vehicle control). However, this dosage regimen of BQ-123 was associated with significant and selective ETA receptor antagonism. The systemic pressor response to exogenous ET-1 administration was inhibited by 91% (p < 0.05), whereas the associated depressor response was not different from that observed in vehicle-treated rats. Therefore, since chronic administration of pharmacologic doses of the ETA-selective antagonist BQ-123 does not prevent lesion formation in the RCCA model, whereas the ETA/B receptor antagonist SB 209670 is vasculoprotective, the data implicate a significant role for the ETB receptor subtype, either exclusively or in concert with ETA receptor activation, in the pathogenesis of neointima formation in the rat.
Low excess noise of InAlAs/InP HFETs fabricatedusing selective dry recess etching (1996)

The low frequency noise (10 Hz–100 kHz) behaviour of InAlAs/InP HFETs fabricated using CH4/H2 selective dry recess etching is reported. Devices from the same epitaxial structure fabricated using wet recess etching are also presented for comparison. The dry etching technique improves the drain noise spectral density. This improvement is attributed to the decrease in the source and drain resistance from 2.4 Ω.mm for the wet recess, to 1.6 Ω.mm for the dry recess. The equivalent series resistance fluctuations can explain the noise behaviour in both devices. No significant passivation of traps occurs during the CH4/H2 etching process, as demonstrated by noise measurements on annealed dry etched devices.
E-Learning Experiences in La Ribera Health Department (2014)

This paper shows how the training of health professionals is improving thanks to the use of new technologies, in particular e-learning. This type of technology is widely used in medical education and there are multiple research works that report its effective deployment by health professionals and students. However, there is a need to incorporate e-learning platforms and online methods in healthcare organizations through a systematic and rigorous approach what is proposed in the current work. This approach has been applied since 2009 in the context of La Ribera Health Department implementing a high number of e-learning experiences. The obtained outcomes reveal how useful have been these experiences to promote an organized and effective professional training.
Chemical treatment of glass substrates (1997)

The effects of cleaning on the near-surface composition of Corning Code 1737 glass was studied. Cleaned glass substrates were found to develop a thin silica-rich surface layer approximately 6 nm thick formed by chemical leaching. The presence of this layer was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering. Atomic force microscopy measurements of the glass before and after cleaning showed no increase in the surface roughness. Top-gated polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors fabricated on cleaned substrates had leakage currents, similar to those on substrates with deposited SiO2 layers.
Lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from normotensive and hypertensive rats (1988)

Little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the higher incidence of atherosclerosis in hypertensive subjects. In view of the known atherogenic role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the aim of the present study was to evaluate possible differences in LDL binding to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from normotensive and hypertensive rats. We studied the time-dependence and dose-dependence of LDL binding to both cell types. Low density lipoprotein binding to smooth muscle cells from the hypertensive rat was significantly higher than that to smooth muscle cells from the normotensive rat. This mechanism might explain the higher incidence of atherosclerotic lesions observed in hypertension.
A heuristic approach algorithm for the optimization of water distribution networks (1997)

Many optimization models to determine cost-effectiveness and obtain the least-cost system designs for water distribution networks have been developed. An algorithm used for solving an optimization model, such as the branch-and-bound or enumeration method, has deficiencies that may include efficiency problems and local optimal solution problems. A heuristic approach, with a bounded implicit enumeration (BIE) algorithm was developed in this study to improve searching efficiency. The heuristic approach first treats the system as a sub-system so that the sub-system's solution must spread widely at the solution space. Then, the optimal sub-system solution is found by a BIE algorithm. On the basis of the optimal solution for the initial system, one larger than and one smaller than its commercial diameter is used to form a new system design. Finally, an optimal solution is determined by using the BIE algorithm until the same solution is found. In this study, five water distribution network designs were used to illustrate the performance of this approach. The results show that a heuristic approach is more efficient than the BIE alone. The efficiency becomes more obvious when the system becomes larger. Comparing the three case studies, the heuristic approach along with the BIE algorithm finds global optimal solution more efficiently.
Experimental Investigation of a Three-Bed Adsorption Refrigeration Chiller Employing an Advanced Mass Recovery Cycle (2009)

The performance of an advanced three-bed adsorption chiller with a mass recovery cycle has been experimentally investigated in the present study. The temperature and pressure of various components of the chiller were monitored to observe the dynamic behaviour of the chiller. The performances in terms of the coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP) were compared with a conventional single stage. The results show that the proposed cycle produces COP and SCP values superior to those of the conventional single stage cycle for heat source temperature below 75 °C.
Coitus and Contraception: The Utility of DHS Data on Sexual Behavior for Family Planning Programs (1990)

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program has collected information on sexual activity in over 25 countries in Latin America Africa and Asia specifically on age at 1st intercourse and coital frequency. This information is of potential usefulness for the management and evaluation of family planning programs in developing countries if it is valid and reliable. A review of individual responses to the DHS revealed a high level of inconsistency between the reported age at 1st birth and the reported age at 1st intercourse in many countries and a heaping of coital frequency data on certain digits. However these inaccuracies at the individual level and biases in both directions tend to balance out when aggregate measures are examined. The DHS data suggest that women spend half of the period between 15-44 years married and sexually active. The proportions of currently married women who had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey ranged from a low of 50% in Ghana to 85% in Brazil Colombia and Trinidad and Tobago. Among never-married women 22-24 years of age 6% of those in Trinidad and Tobago but 90% of those in Ghana reported premarital sexual intercourse. There are some indications that married women regulate their coital frequency on the basis of whether pregnancy is desired. Moreover women who use coitus independent methods of contraception have a higher average coital frequency than women using other methods and nonusers. Finally the analysis found that 7-43% of all contraceptive users and 5-38% of married users did not have intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey--a finding that suggests the fertility inhibiting effect of contraception is overestimated. It is recommended that future surveys add questions on the prevalence and risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
Thioacidolysis of Lignin: Comparison with Acidolysis (1985)

Abstract Arylglycerol-ether bonds of lignin samples or model compounds vera selectively cleaved by treatment with dioxane-ethanethiol (9/1, v/v) and 0.2 N HBF4 etherate or 0.2 N BF3 etherate at 100°C for four hour3. Monomers resulting from “thioacidolysis” were identified by gas chroraatography-mass spectrometry of their trimethylslly derivatives. Compared to acidolysls (dloxane-water, 0.2 N HCL, 100°C 4h), thioacidolysis yields less complex mixtures of monomers. The monomer yields for lignin thioacidolysis were also higher than for acidolysls. This increase was particularly evident for hardwood lignins.
Epinephrine mediates facultative carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis in human skeletal muscle (1989)

The thermic effect of carbohydrate has a component mediated by the sympathoadrenal system but of unknown anatomical localization. We have studied the contribution of skeletal muscle to the thermic effect of a carbohydrate-rich natural meal (115 g of carbohydrate, approximately 80% of energy) by means of the forearm technique on two occasions, with and without intravenous beta-blockade with propranolol. The meal-induced thermogenesis was reduced from 9.6 to 7.1% by beta-blockade (P less than 0.04), the major difference was found 90 to 240 min after the meal. The postprandial increments in plasma glucose and lactate did not change by beta-blockade, but there was a trend toward a decreased insulin response (P = 0.06). The carbohydrate-induced increase in forearm oxygen consumption was reduced by 23% after beta-blockade (P less than 0.05), the entire difference being present 90-180 min postprandially and coinciding with the peak in arterial epinephrine. The present study provides evidence of a facultative thermogenic component in skeletal muscle, mediated by epinephrine via beta 2-adrenoreceptors. However, it also points to a nonmuscle component mediated through beta 1-adrenoceptors by norepinephrine released from the sympathetic nervous system. Consequently, the sympathoadrenal system seems to play a physiological role in the daily energy balance.
Hydrolysis of Chitosan, Chitosan-Polyoxyethylene and Chitosan-Poly(2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) by a Crude Enzyme Complex from Trichoderma viride (2001)

The degradation of chitosan using a crude enzyme complex from the soil fungus Trichoderma viride was examined in terms of temperature, pH, enzyme activity and the presence of a polymer partner. It was found that chitosan hydrolysis is not suppressed by combining it with polyoxyethylene or poly(2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid). The results on Trichoderma viride immobilized on beads imply that chitosan, as well as its polymer complexes are appropriate carriers for development of ecologically safe phytosanitary preparations.
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF INTEGRATED BAND INTENSITIES OF ISOPRENE AND FORMALDEHYDE (2013)

Author Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Mail Stop K3-59, Richland, WA 99352
Enhanced Production of Androst-1,4-Diene-3,17-Dione by Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12 Using Three-Stage Fermentation Strategy (2015)

To improve the androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) production from phytosterol by Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12, fructose was firstly found favorable as the initial carbon source to increase the biomass and eliminate the lag phase of M. neoaurum JC-12 in the phytosterol transformation process. Based on this phenomenon, two-stage fermentation by using fructose as the initial carbon source and feeding glucose to maintain strain metabolism was designed. By applying this strategy, the fermentation duration was decreased from 168 h to 120 h with the ADD productivity increased from 0.071 g/(L·h) to 0.108 g/(L·h). Further, three-stage fermentation by adding phytosterol to improve ADD production at the end of the two-stage fermentation was carried out and the final ADD production reached 18.6 g/L, which is the highest reported ADD production using phytosterol as substrate. Thus, this strategy provides a possible way in enhancing the ADD production in pharmaceutical industry.
Differences in the <scp>HbA1c</scp> ‐lowering efficacy of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues between Asians and non‐Asians: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2014)

GLP-1 analogues lower HbA1c more in Asian-dominant studies than in non-Asian-dominant studies. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential mechanisms of the ethnic difference.
Hyperthermia assists survival of astrocytes from oxidative-mediated necrotic cell death. (2002)

In response to many stresses and pathologic states, including different models of nervous system injury, cells synthesize a variety of proteins, most notably the inducible 72 kDa heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which plays important roles in maintaining cellular integrity and viability. We report here that cultured astrocytes from rat diencephalon express high levels of Hsp70 upon exposure to elevated temperatures, and are less vulnerable to a subsequent oxidative stress. Complex oxidative stress was induced by exposure of astrocytes to an aqueous extract of tobacco smoke. This resulted in both glutathione and ATP depletion, along with cell death that proceeded through a necrotic pathway. Pretreatment of cultures with the glutathione replenishing agent, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, prevented glutathione and ATP loss as well as necrotic cell death. Thermal stress also protected astrocytes from necrotic cell death but without affecting glutathione or ATP levels. We propose that heat shock protects astrocytes from necrosis induced by oxidative stress, probably as a result of Hsp70 synthesis, through an antioxidant-ATP independent mechanism. As Hsp70 may transfer from glial to neuronal cells, its synthesis by astrocytes may represent an important survival mechanism by which astrocytes protect neurons against oxidative-mediated cell death.
Phase II study of oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and sargramostim (GM-CSF) in patients with previously treated advanced melanoma (2007)

8570 Background: Although much focus has been placed on immunotherapy for melanoma, further development of chemotherapy approaches is needed. Melanoma is responsive to platinum compounds and taxanes, but there is limited experience with combinations of these agents. Oxaliplatin has been reported to have detectable activity in melanoma, and a phase I study has identified a tolerable dose and schedule of oxaliplatin in combination with docetaxel and hematopoietic growth factor support. GM-CSF has a theoretical advantage of immune potentiation. These considerations supported study of oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and GM-CSF in patients with advanced melanoma. Methods: Eligibility included intact organ function, PS=2, at most one prior chemotherapy and one prior immunotherapy, no prior treatment with oxaliplatin or taxanes, and no chremophor allergy. After premedication, docetaxel was administered day 1 at 85 mg/m 2 , then oxaliplatin on day 2 at 85 mg/m 2 . GM-CSF (5 μg/kg) was administered s.c. days 3–12. Cycles were 21 days in length, and disease reevaluation was performed every 2 cycles by RECIST criteria. Results: 20 patients were enrolled, 13 with 1 prior therapy, 5 with 2 prior therapies, and 2 previously untreated. Six patients did not complete 2 cycles and were not formally evaluable for response. One patient who failed 2 prior treatment regimens experienced a minor response and received 10 cycles of therapy, and 4 patients had stable disease. The rest showed PD after 2 cycles. Notable toxicities included 7 cases of grade III/IV neutropenia and 2 hypersensitivity reactions. Conclusions: This combination of oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and GM-CSF has limited clinical activity in previously treated patients with advanced melanoma. Exploration in treatment-naive patients may still be warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ChemInform Abstract: RELATIVE REACTIVITIES OF SUBSTITUTED ALLENES TOWARD CYCLOADDITION WITH TETRAPHENYLCYCLOPENTADIENONE. FURTHER IMPLICATIONS ON THE VIABILITY OF THE CONCERTED (Π2S + Π2A) CYCLOADDITION PROCESS (1982)

Abstract Tetraphenylcyclopentadienon (II) reagiert mit den Allenen (I) zunächst zu den isomeren Addukten (III) und (IV), aus denen die Endprodukte (VI) bzw. (VIII) erhalten werden.
Predissociation probes of vibrational energy localization (1981)

Ring-bound van der Waals complexes of the alkylbenzenes are studied.(AIP)
SIGIS HR: a system for measurement of aircraft exhaust gas under normal operating conditions of an airport (2005)

To gather information about the impact on the environment caused by airport operations, knowledge about the amount of gases such as CO or NO<sub>X</sub> emitted by aircraft engines on the ground is important. In order to avoid influences on airport operations an analysis system for this application has to enable measurements on the hot jet engine exhaust gas from a distance. The infrared radiation emitted by the hot gas can be analysed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the composition of the gas. To fulfil this task, a new version of the scanning infrared gas imaging system (SIGIS HR), using relatively high spectral resolution (0.2 cm<sup>-1</sup>), has been developed. The period of time for measurements on the engine exhaust gas of an aircraft on the ground is short during normal airport operations. Hence the remote sensing system has to be aligned to the exhaust gas plume quickly. For this reason the system is equipped with a scanning mirror actuated by stepper motors in order to allow fast changes of the line of sight. An infrared camera combined with a DSP-system enables automatic alignment of the system to the hot exhaust gas and tracking of a moving engine via online analysis of the infrared image. Additionally fast scans with low spectral resolution of the area around the engine-outlet can be performed. On the basis of the low resolution data the optimal direction for the exhaust gas measurement can be found using several automatic evaluation- and positioning-algorithms. After the SIGIS HR-system has been positioned correctly it is operated in high- resolution-mode in order to quantify the target compounds.
Effect of thiophosphoryl compounds as accelerators and coupling agents on the vulcanization of NR‐XNBR blend (2002)

Abstract The effect of a number of thiophosphoryl compounds [viz., bis(isobutyl) thiophosphoryl di‐, tri‐, and tetrasulfides and bis(dicyclohexyl) thiophopsphoryl di‐, tri‐, and tetrasulfides] on natural rubber (NR)‐carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) blend was studied. All these thiophosphoryl compounds are capable of forming interrubber links leading to covulcanized blends which exhibit a fair degree of synergism with respect to physical properties, the maximum being obtained at the 25% NR and 75% XNBR blend composition. This is an obvious claim that the blend under investigation is technologically compatible, having some degree of interrubber interaction which is enhanced in case of two‐stage vulcanization. The existence of interrubber interaction is judged by the swelling experiment. The blend morphology assessed by SEM micrographs corroborates the foregoing observations and accounts for the significant improvement in physical properties of the blend vulcanizates, particularly in two‐stage vulcanization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3286‐3299, 2002