gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple models for heterogeneous catalysis: Phase transition-like behavior in nonequilibrium systems (1987)

A simple model for heterogeneous catalysis, recently introduced by Ziff, Gulari, and Barshad (ZGB), has been explored using computer simulation. This is a nonequilibrium model which exhibits phase transition-like behavior. The only parameter in this model (Y) sets the ratio with which two reactive species (A and B2) are fed to the surface (lattice). On the square lattice, ZGB found a range of values of this parameter for which steady states with nonzero A and B concentrations occur. Outside of this range, the surface becomes completely covered with A or B sites. The range of Y values corresponding to steady state with nonzero A and B concentrations is bounded by two ‘‘critical’’ values Y1 and Y2. For values of Y close to but above Y1 we have obtained approximate values for the exponents which describe the dependence of the steady-state densities of A and B sites on (Y−Y1). These exponents both seem to have the same value independent of lattice details. We have extended the work of ZGB to the hexagonal lattice, one-dimensional lattice, and narrow strips. The results obtained for the hexagonal lattice are qualitatively similar to those obtained for the square lattice. For the 1D lattice and strips with a width of 2 lattice units, steady states with nonzero A and B site concentrations are not found. For widths of 3 or more lattice units, such steady states are found and the range of the relative probability parameter over which this behavior occurs grows steadily with increasing strip width. We have also obtained new results for the more simple C+D product reaction. Here C and D occupy single lattice sites and react immediately if they are nearest neighbors.
Interpolation with smoothly nonstationary prediction‐error filters (1999)

Building on the notions of time-variable filtering and the helix coordinate system, I develop software for filtersthat are smoothly variable in multiple dimensions, but that are quantized into large enough regions to be efficient. Multiscale prediction-error filters (PEFs) can estimate dips from recorded data and use the dip information to fillin unrecorded shot or receiver gathers. The data are typically divided into patches with approximately constant dips, with the requirement that the patches contain enough data samples to provide a sufficientnumber of fittingequations to determine all the coefficients of the filter. Each patch of data represents an independent estimation problem. Instead, I estimate a set of smoothly varying filtersin much smaller patches, as small as one data sample. They are more work to estimate, but the smoothly varying filtersdo give more accurate interpolation results than PEFs in independent patches, particularly on complicated data. To control the smoothness of the filters. I use filters like directional derivatives that Clapp et al. (1998) call “steering filters”. They destroy dips in easily adjusted directions. I use them in residual space to encourage dips in the specified directions. I describe the notion of “radial-steering filters” (Clapp et al. , 1999), i.e., steering filters oriented in the radial direction (lines of constant x t in t x space). Break a common-midpoint gather into pie shaped regions bounded by various values of x t . Such a pie-shaped region tends to have constant dip spectrum throughout the region so it is a natural region for smoothing estimates of dip spectra or of gathering statistics (via 2-D PEFs). In this paper I use smoothly variable PEFs to interpolate missing traces, though they may have many other uses. Finally, since noisy data can produce poor interpolation results, I deal with the separation of signal and noise along with missing data.
OBS Airgun Seismic Refraction Survey near Sites 441 and 434 (J-1A), 438 and 439 (J-12), and Proposed Site J-2B: Legs 56 and 57, Deep Sea Drilling Project (1980)

Within the Japan Trench inner wall toe, near Sites 441 and 434, the P-wave refraction velocity is 2.6 to 2.8 km/s. The velocity of the oceanic layer 2B, which underlies the inner wall toe, is 5.7 km/s. This high velocity might be caused by either overburden pressure or by local dipping. Near Sites 438 and 439, the P-wave velocity of the basement below the unconformity is 4.8 km/s, consistent with pre-Tertiary rocks. At proposed Site J-2B, the Neogene layer of 2.75 km/s is underlain by a high-velocity layer of 6.0 km/s. Near Sites 441 and 434, using P to S as well as S to P converted phases, velocity ratio, V p /V s , and poisson's ratio, , within the inner wall toe are V p /Vj = 2.53 and = 0.41 (V p = average P-wave velocity; V s = average S-wave velocity). The average S-wave velocity within the toe is 0.91 km/s for average P-wave velocity 2.3 km/s.
Effect of Anionic Biosurfactant on Hexadecane Partitioning in Multiphase Systems (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Anionic Biosurfactant on Hexadecane Partitioning in Multiphase SystemsSreekala. Thangamani and Gina S. ShreveCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 12, 1993–2000Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00061a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es00061a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1: geographical variations within Central Africa and their relationship with protection from clinical malaria (2000)

Two populations of schoolchildren from Gabon and Cameroon were tested in 1995 for their immunological reactivity to synthetic peptides (LSA-Rep, LSA-J and LSA-CTL) from Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1). The prevalence and levels of both cellular (lymphocyte proliferation, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)) and humoral (immunoglobulin G) responses were determined. Protection from clinical malaria, determined after a prospective 1 year study in both sites, was associated with elevated proliferative responses to LSA-Rep and LSA-CTL in the Gabonese children, as well as with higher antibody levels to both schizont extract and LSA-Rep. The prevalence of peptide-stimulated TNF-alpha secretion was higher in the Cameroonian group, but higher levels of antibodies to LSA-Rep and LSA-J were found in the Gabonese children. The immunological differences observed between children in the 2 study sites are discussed in the context of both epidemiological and individual host factors.
Least squares solution of nearly square overdetermined sparse linear systems (2003)

The solution of nearly square overdetermined linear systems is studied. The sparse QR technique is compared with two sparse LU-based techniques. Numerical tests with real-world and artificial matrices indicate that the LU techniques are more accurate for incompatible right-hand sides. Also, the amount of floating point operations required by LU techniques is approximately one half smaller than QR for nearly square matrices. A new derivation is presented for a direct triangular factorization approach. Extensive numerical testing was done using MATLAB and is documented in the article.
Grey-box modelling of a motorcycle shock absorber (2004)

There is an increasing use of virtual prototyping tools in the motorcycle industry, aimed at reducing the development time of new models and speeding up performance optimization, by providing the designer with an in-laboratory virtual test track. Virtual prototyping software is essentially multi body simulation software that requires the availability of models of all the vehicle components. The choice of the model is then of paramount importance, since it heavily affects the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. Conventional models (like linear models) are often inadequate to describe the behavior of complex nonlinear components, so that it is necessary to appeal to different modelling approaches. This is actually the case when dealing with motorcycle suspension systems, given that their most critical part, the shock absorber, exhibits nonlinear and time-variant behavior. In this paper, a grey-box model of a racing motorcycle mono tube shock absorber is proposed. It consists of a nonlinear parametric model and a black-box, neural network based model. The absorber model has been implemented in a numerical simulation environment, and it has been validated against experimental test data. The results of the validation show that the model is able to reproduce the real behavior of the shock absorber with an accuracy that matches or even beats that of other models previously presented in the literature. The interfacing of the proposed model to the ADAMS virtual prototyping environment is also discussed.
Modulation of Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colonic Inflammation by Local Supplementation of Leptin (2008)

Background & Aims: Leptin is overproduced in gastrointestinal mucosa during inflammatory processes, sug- gesting that mucosal cells represent sources of secreted leptin active in the lumen. The effects of leptin, acting apically from colonic epithelial cells, were analysed on dextran sulphate sodium-induced colonic inflammation in rats. Methods: We determined the effects of intracolonic leptin on the phosphorylation of STAT3, MAPkinase and on colon mucosa-derived inflammation-related genes (IL-8, IL1￻, TNF￻, COX-2). Colitis was induced by administering dextran sodium sulphate. The effects of intracolonic leptin on DSS colitis was evaluated based on disease symptoms, cytokine ex- pression and PPAR ￻ , ￻ . Results: In vivo, intracolonic leptin rapidly stimulated STAT-3 and p42-MAPK phosphorylation. We also detected a 3- fold increase in COX-2 induction, and a dose-dependent increase in mucosal PGE2 content (EC50 0.89 nM). Intracolonic leptin reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis, whereas intraperitoneal leptin exacerbated colitis. Intracolonic leptin decreased DSS-induced inflammatory IL-8 (-75%; P<0.01 vs DSS) and IL-1￻ (-60%; P<0.01 vs DSS); it also prevented a DSS-induced decrease in the levels of mucosa PPAR￻ mRNA and increased the levels of PPARmRNA two-fold (P<0.01 vs DSS). Conclusion: Leptin activates its apical receptor and this mechanism coupled to the activation of STAT-3 and MAPKinase signalling pathways may have a beneficial effect on the integrity of the epithelium upon mucosa injury. These data shed further light on the role of gastrointestinal luminally acting leptin in the modulation of intestinal inflammation.
Judge Colebrooke's Supposed Translation of the Gospels into Hindi (1936)

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Influences of Immobilization and Footshock Stress on Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline and Caffeine in Rats (1995)

The influences of immobilization and footshock stress on pharmacokinetics of theophylline (20 mg kg-1) and caffeine (30 mg kg-1) administered orally were examined in rats. The immobilization stress for 30 min or 1 h immediately after oral administration caused marked immobilization period-related decreases in plasma theophylline concentrations during the absorption phase, but did not affect plasma caffeine concentrations. The ka and Cmax values for theophylline were significantly decreased, and the tmax was significantly increased. On the other hand, when the immobilization stress was loaded for 1 or 3 h before the oral administration, the plasma theophylline or caffeine concentrations were not affected. The footshock stress for 30 min immediately after oral administration did not significantly decrease plasma theophylline concentrations during the absorption phase. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of theophylline are influenced by strong stress, possibly due to the inhibition of its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, but the pharmacokinetics of caffeine are not influenced by stress, probably due to its central action.
A Pentenyl Dianion-Based Strategy for Convergent Synthesis of Ene-1,5-diols (2005)

A convergent two-step process is described for the synthesis of ene-1,5-diols that provides for union of two carbonyl electrophiles via a formal pentenyl dianion equivalent.
In vitro Capacitation of Golden Hamster Spermatozoa by Homologous and Heterologous Blood Sera (1970)

Freshly collected blood sera of the hamster and other species (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, bull, and human) were very toxic to hamster spermatozoa. When these sera were pretreated with heat (56°, 30–35 min), they became nontoxic and capable of inducing capacitation of hamster spermatozoa. Heat-treated (detoxified) hamster serum was most effective in capacitating the spermatozoa, and bovine serum was least effective. Among various commercially produced sera tested, gamma globulin-free human serum was the most potent in capacitating the spermatozoa. Efficient sperm capacitation was induced in media containing both dialyzable and albumin fractions of the sera. When one of these two fractions was absent from the medium, no capacitation or only very inefficient capacitation was induced.
Light sources for optical cross-talk suppression in wide-field optical coherence tomography (2004)

The crucial role played by the source's degree of spatial coherence in wide-field optical coherence tomography is shown experimentally. Spatially coherent illumination, as obtained with a pulsed laser, generates a considerable amount of coherent optical cross-talk. The latter can be suppressed with spatially incoherent illumination as provided by a thermal or a pseudothermal light source. Demonstration is made for a US air force resolution target covered with a scattering solution made of polystyrene microspheres suspended in water. The origin and nature of cross-talk signals are discussed, as well as specific limitations of spatially incoherent sources.
Lisicon Glass-Ceramics Mediated Catalysis of Oxygen Reduction (2011)

The role of lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) glass-ceramic (a lisicon structure) on catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated by conducting thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The analysis of the CV data reveals that the LAGP glass-ceramic possesses some inherent catalytic activity toward reduction of oxygen. However, the data also suggest an irreversible nature of the reaction. The TGA and BET data complement the CV results. The Lisicon family of materials appears to be an attractive catalyst for ORR.
Fluorescence Single Particle Tracking for the Characterization of Submicron Protein Aggregates in Biological Fluids and Complex Formulations (2011)

fSPT is a powerful technique for the characterization of submicron protein aggregates in biological fluids and complex formulations.
Pelvic-Spinal Analysis and the Impact of Onabotulinum toxin A Injections on Spinal Balance in one Child With Cerebral Palsy (2016)

A biomechanical approach to the evaluation of the pelvic-spinal complex offers new perspectives to increase the understanding of spinal balance in children with cerebral palsy, providing more options for treatment, such as onabotulinumtoxinA.
Ultrastructure of the<i>Aspergillus nidulans hypA1</i>restrictive phenotype shows defects in endomembrane arrays and polarized wall deposition (2004)

Aspergillus nidulans Eidam (G. Wint.) wild-type hyphal morphogenesis requires the hypA gene product. Like its homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen, TRS120, hypA encodes a cytoplasmic protein likely associated with endomem branes. hypA is not essential, but hypA1 temperature-sensitive strains grow poorly at restrictive temperatures. In younger cells, endomembrane arrays were aberrant, only sometimes resembling wild type. In older cells, Golgi equivalents were swollen, impacted with electron-dense granules. In hypA1 strains grown at 42 °C, the poorly polarized hyphae lack recognizable Spitzenkörper and have walls at least four-fold thicker than those of wild-type or hypA1 strains grown at 28 °C. At restrictive temperatures, both hyphal width and wall thickness increase markedly in basal regions, suggesting wall deposition is impaired. Septa are thicker than in wild type, but have medial pores and Woronin bodies. Individual nuclei and mitochondria are smaller at 42 °C than at 28 °C, but each collectively occupies similar proportions of the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial cristae are reduced in number and width at 42 °C, possibly compromising metabolic efficiency; in older cells, cristae are widely spaced and randomly inserted. If hypA1 cells grown at 42 °C are shifted to 28 °C, the thickened wall is precisely degraded for growth of wild-type branches, which form within 1 h, suggesting areas of nascent polarity formed at 42 °C require the hypA product for wild-type function.Key words: endomembrane, filamentous fungus, electron microscopy, cell wall, secretion, Saccharomyces TRS120.
A hybrid genetic approach for channel reuse in multiple access telecommunication networks (2000)

The evolving broadband integrated services digital network is reinforcing the demand for high-speed and high-performance multiple access networks. The number of channels available to support the isochronous traffic in these networks is limited by technology, due to implementation costs. We introduce a method using channel sharing/reusing in an effort to provide efficient management of isochronous traffic under this limitation. The proposed method is based on a hybrid genetic algorithm and aims to accomplish the establishment of a maximal number of connections with the minimal number of isochronous channels. Experimental results are provided and they are compared with those of a deterministic graph coloring algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm in all simulation runs reveals the robustness, the flexibility and the efficiency of using evolutionary approaches to complex real-world problems.
Impact of falls on early mortality from severe traumatic brain injury (2009)

Among those 65 and older, falls contributed to 61% of all injuries and resulted in especially high mortality among individuals experiencing low falls. Preventive efforts directed toward older people to avoid falls from < 3 meters could have a significant impact on mortality.
Barely metallic states with enhanced carrier mass in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1993)

In the nominally hole-doped Mott insulator system ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$, the metal-insulator transition takes place near x=0.4. A thermal hysteretic behavior of the resistivity is observed in the immediate vicinity of the metal-insulator phase boundary. Application of pressure tends to suppress the quasireentrant (metal-insulator-metal) transition and to stabilize the metallic phase. Measurements of the Hall coefficient and the electronic specific heat indicate that the barely metallic phase at about x=0.4 is characterized by an enhancement of carrier mass rather than by a reduction of carrier density.
Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells are both targets and effectors for the angiogenic cytokine, VEGF (2008)

Former vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) studies have focused on VEGF's contributions toward tumor-associated angiogenesis. Previously, we have shown that HNSCC cells produce high levels of VEGF. We therefore hypothesized that VEGF serves a biphasic role, that is, pro-angiogenic and pro-tumorigenic in HNSCC pathogenesis. Western blots confirmed the presence of VEGF's primary mitogenic receptors, VEGFR-2/KDR and VEGFR-1/Flt-1 in cultured HNSCC cells. Subsequent studies evaluated VEGF's effects on HNSCC intracellular signaling, mitogenesis, invasive capacities, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities. Introduction of hrVEGF(165) initiated ROS-mediated intracellular signaling, resulting in kinase activation and phosphorylation of KDR and Erk1/2. As high endogenous VEGF production rendered HNSCC cells refractory to exogenous VEGF's mitogenic effects, siRNA was employed, inhibiting endogenous VEGF production for up to 96 h. Relative to transfection vector matched controls, siRNA treated HNSCC cells showed a significant decrease in proliferation at both 30 and 50 nM siRNA doses. Addition of exogenous hrVEGF(165) (30 and 50 ng/ml) to siRNA-silenced HNSCC cells resulted in dose-dependent increases in cell proliferation. Cell invasion assays showed VEGF is a potent HNSCC chemoattractant and demonstrated that VEGF pre-treatment enhanced invasiveness of HNSCC cells. Conditioned media from VEGF challenged HNSCC cells showed a moderate increase in gelatinase activity. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that HNSCC cells are both targets and effectors for VEGF. These data introduce the prospect that VEGF targeted therapy has the potential to fulfill both anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic functions.
A Mild Method for Halofluorination of Alkenes with Ionic Liquid EMIMF(HF)<sub>2.3</sub>. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Engineering Possibilities of Synthetic Lubricants (1953)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">TAILOR-MADE oils, together with their engineering possibilities, are discussed in this survey of synthetic liquids developed during the past 10 years. Within that time, tailor-made oils have been especially designed to cover a wide range of applications where petroleum products do not function well enough.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Since these oils are homogeneous in the chemical sense, all of their properties are readily controlled and predicted. The author points out that chemists are using these inherent advantages to synthesize oils which provide necessary antiwear, antiseize, and corrosion-inhibiting properties. Various chemical additives take care of nearly all extreme conditions of lubrication.</div></div>