gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential designs for phase III clinical trials incorporating treatment selection (2003)

Most statistical methodology for phase III clinical trials focuses on the comparison of a single experimental treatment with a control. An increasing desire to reduce the time before regulatory approval of a new drug is sought has led to development of two-stage or sequential designs for trials that combine the definitive analysis associated with phase III with the treatment selection element of a phase II study. In this paper we consider a trial in which the most promising of a number of experimental treatments is selected at the first interim analysis. This considerably reduces the computational load associated with the construction of stopping boundaries compared to the approach proposed by Follman, Proschan and Geller (Biometrics 1994; 50: 325-336). The computational requirement does not exceed that for the sequential comparison of a single experimental treatment with a control. Existing methods are extended in two ways. First, the use of the efficient score as a test statistic makes the analysis of binary, normal or failure-time data, as well as adjustment for covariates or stratification straightforward. Second, the question of trial power is also considered, enabling the determination of sample size required to give specified power.
Influence of Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticles on Macrocrack Formation (2009)

We present an experimental investigation of drying suspensions of both hard and soft nanolatex spheres. The crack formation is examined as a function of the proportion of hard and soft deformable particles, leading to tunable elastic properties of the drying film. In our experimental systems, no crack formation could be observed below an onset value of the proportion in hard spheres phi approximately 0.45 . During the drying process, the mass of films with various compositions in hard and soft spheres is measured as a function of time. The results suggest that the soft particles undergo deformation that releases the internal stresses.
A Parametric Investigation of Oblique Shockwave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction Using LES (2011)

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of an oblique shock impinging on a supersonic turbulent boundary layer (M∞ = 2.28, φ = 6.5-9.5°, Reθ = 1500, 2300, 4800) is carried out with a highorder compact differencing scheme using localized artificial diffusivity (LAD) for shock capturing. Solution sensitivity is then investigated with regards to mesh resolution, domain size, Reynolds number, and wedge angle. Progressive mesh refinement and comparison with the literature are used to establish confidence in solution quality. It is found that the separation bubble is not significantly affected by increasing the spanwise domain beyond 3δ or by increasing the streamwise domain beyond 5δ past the shock impingement point. Additionally, the size of the separation bubble, while under-predicted with respect to experiment, does not appear to be significantly affected by Reynolds number (over the range considered). This leads us to speculate that a commonly observed discrepancy between simulation and experiment – which previously has been explained as a result of difference in Reynolds number – may instead be due to some three-dimensional effect in the experiment. Additionally, through analysis of the spectral content of the wall pressure signal in the separation bubble, the expected low-frequency motion is identified with time scale ~O(100δ/u∞); however, it appears that Reynolds number, while having little effect on the size of the mean separation bubble, may affect the time scale at which low-frequency unsteadiness is observed. Likewise, it is found that an increase in wedge angle tends to shift the peak low-frequency energy out towards longer time scales. Finally, through analysis of low-pass filtered data fields, evidence is found of a correlation between the low-frequency motion and periodic mass entrainment/release in the separation bubble.
Relationships Among Lateral Abdominal Muscles, Gender, Body Mass Index, and Hand Dominance (2006)

Future researchers should assess the need to control for gender and BMI as potential covariates in ultrasound imaging studies of the lateral abdominal muscles. Asymmetry in the lateral abdominal muscles in those with LBP would be in direct contrast to the bilateral symmetry measured in those without LBP.
Remnant vegetation, landholders’ values and information needs: An exploratory study in the West Australian wheatbelt (2002)

Summary An exploratory study of landholders in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia provides a useful snapshot of values, uses, management, information sources and requirements of landholders in relation to remnant native vegetation in agricultural landscapes. Landholders valued their remnant vegetation for ecological, aesthetic, functional and community reasons. Most actively managed it for nature conservation, although almost half grazed stock in their remnants. In terms of information sources and needs, the most widely used sources were Community Landcare Coordinators, other landholders and government departments. Landholders wanted hydrological, weed control and biodiversity information, plus a suite of other information. A third of landholders were characterized as having a broad, ecosystem‐based awareness compared to the other two‐thirds who had a more limited, site‐based awareness. Each group had different information needs. These findings have clear implications for information provision to landholders.
CREG matching for first cadaveric kidney transplants (TNX) performed by SEOPF centers between October 1987 and September 1995. Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation. (1996)

The Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) data base from October 1987 to September 1995 included 12,536 first cadaveric kidney transplants, of which 39.5% were placed into non-white recipients (N-WR). Consequently, the SEOPF data offered an excellent sample in which to examine the effect of a number of conventional HLA-A, B versus public (crossreactive group, CREG) matching schemes on access and graft survival (GS). The standard applied was that 3-yr GS had to be greater than that of the mean GS of the racial group. Because of the excellent 1- and 3-yr GS of 0 A, B, DR mismatched kidneys in both white recipients (WR) = 87.9% and 82.8% and N-WR = 86.9% and 80.9%, these transplants were excluded from further analysis. Thereafter, the mean 1- and 3-yr GS of the remaining 7011 WR and 4862 N-WR, transplants used for all subsequent comparisons were 82.5% and 72.4% for WR versus 80.9% and 63.0% for N-WR. Four different matching schemes were compared: 1) Class I A, B versus CREG hierarchical effect disregarding DR; 2) 0, 1, 2B, DR versus 0-2 CREG, DR mismatching; 3) DR mismatching disregarding Class I A, B or CREG mismatching and 4) Class I A, B versus CREG mismatching stratified for DR. Two and possibly three CREG, DR mismatched groups were identified in which improved access and GS occurred in comparison with the 0, 1, and 2B, DR mismatched transplants currently receiving 7, 3 and 1 point in the UNOS sharing algorithm. The 1- and 3-yr GS in WR and N-WR of these groups were as follows: 0 CREG, 0 DR mismatches: 85.7% and 78.3% in WR (n = 385); 83.0% and 69.4% in N-WR (n = 157). 1-3 CREG, 0 DR mismatches: 84.5% and 74% in WR (n = 1550); 82.7% and 65.7% in N-WR (n = 1083). Based on this analysis, there may be a significant potential advantage of prospective Class I CREG over A, B matching for first cadaver kidney transplantation.
Predation on the Pupae of Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) by Gray Squirrels in Wisconsin (2017)

(excerpt) Owing to their large body size, the larvae and pupae ofgiant silkworm moths (Saturniidae) are ideal food for many animals. Winter predation on the pupae of Hyalophora cecropia (L.) in Illinois by birds (Waldbauer and Sternburg, Ecology 48:312-315, 1967) is a well known example.
Nonrestoring binary division using a cellular array (1970)

An iterative array for nonrestoring division is described. It uses a logic cell which has been proposed for an array for binary square-root extraction. The array for binary division is fully iterative in terms of cell logic and in the interconnection pattern between the cells.
Intermolecular interaction as a direct measure of water solubility advantage of meloxicam cocrystalized with carboxylic acids (2018)

The solubility advantage (SA) of meloxicam cocrystalized with mono- and dicarboxylic acids was expressed in terms of equilibrium constants involving active pharmaceutical ingredient and coformer in aqueous solutions. It is argued that SA can be quantified by concentration of pairs formed in water. The pH and concentration of dissolved components is included explicitly in the model. The alternative behavior of mono- and dicarboxylic acids was emphasized and addressed to different structural motifs. The structural and energetic properties of meloxicam and its complexes with carboxylic acids were characterized, including tautmerism and dissociation in aqueous media. In particular, performed in silico modeling confirmed experimental observation that meloxicam dissolved in water or modest acidic solutions is expected to be a mixture of anionic form in equilibrium with at least five neutral isomers. Tautomer-related diversity of pairs formation and the possibility of salt formation is also discussed. Graphical abstract Two types of motifs found in meloxicam cocrystals reveal two sources of solubility advantage.
Novel Microporous Films and Their Composites (2007)

Cost-effective microporous films and composites can be made by using polyolefinic material and inorganic fillers. These microporous films and their composites can be designed and manufactured at high speed using commercial equipment for disposable hygiene articles, protective health care garments, building construction and many other industrial applications where air and moisture breathability is needed. The theory, formulations and methods of making these cost-effective polyolefinic-calcium carbonate compositions are discussed. Special engineering fibers and their fabrics can be combined with these novel microporous films to achieve a variety of properties for practical applications. However, one should keep intellectual property considerations in mind when contemplating the manufacture of microporous film products, their companies and their applications.
Digital encoding of speech based on properties of the auditory system (1979)

This paper describes the development of a digital encoding system for speech. The system is designed to minimize the audibility of the encoding error by considering the limitations of the auditory system. By dynamically shaping the error spectrum as a function of the input signal, the error is inaudible. System parameters to ensure masking of the error by the signal are determined from experiments and from previous results taken from the literature. The input is filtered into 19 frequency channels each of approximately critical bandwidth. Each channel is independently quantized using block floating point PCM. Experiments show that the differential threshold of encoding degradation for 4 kHz bandwidth speech occurs at a rate of 34 kbps. [Work sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.]
Xylose Assimilation for the Efficient Production of Biofuels and Chemicals by Engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2020)

Microbial conversion of plant biomass into fuels and chemicals offers a practical solution to global concerns over limited natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. Pursuant to these goals, researchers have put tremendous efforts and resources toward engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into various fuels and chemicals. Here, recent advances in metabolic engineering of yeast is summarized to address bottlenecks on xylose assimilation and to enable simultaneous co-utilization of xylose and other substrates in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Distinct characteristics of xylose metabolism that can be harnessed to produce advanced biofuels and chemicals are also highlighted. Although many challenges remain, recent research investments have facilitated the efficient fermentation of xylose and simultaneous co-consumption of xylose and glucose. In particular, understanding xylose-induced metabolic rewiring in engineered yeast has encouraged the use of xylose as a carbon source for producing various non-ethanol bioproducts. To boost the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioeconomy, much attention is expected to promote xylose-utilizing efficiency via reprogramming cellular regulatory networks, to attain robust co-fermentation of xylose and other cellulosic carbon sources under industrial conditions, and to exploit the advantageous traits of yeast xylose metabolism for producing diverse fuels and chemicals.
[Comparison of visual results and quality of vision between two multifocal intraocular lenses. Multifocal silicone and bifocal PMMA]. (2000)

The new concept of multifocality is increasing in practice of cataract surgery because of the reduction of spectacle dependency and the high level of patient satisfaction. However, the occurrence of halos and glare suggest a limitation of these indications of multifocal IOL, particularly for night driving patients.
Long‐term Prevention of Vagal Atrial Arrhythmias by Atrial Pacing at 90/Minute: Experience with 6 Cases (1983)

Six patients (5 men, 1 woman) with a history ranging from 3-16 years of resistant vagal atrial arrhythmias were treated by atrial pacing at a rate of 90/Min. These patients have been followed up for an average of 5.5 years (range 2-11 years) with favorable results. The arrhythmias were characterized by daily or weekly attacks of typical atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation occurring mainly or exclusively at night, at rest, or in the digestive periods in otherwise normal hearts of middle-aged patients (first attack between 25 and 54, mean 40). The arrhythmias were resistant to quinidine, and were usually aggravated by digitalis, beta-blockers and verapamil. Amiodarone is usually the only effective drug in this syndrome, but was not used before pacing in the 2 first cases, and was ineffective in the other 4 cases. Electrophysiologic studies confirmed the absence of sick sinus syndrome, and the close relationship between relative bradycardia and the onset of the arrhythmia. Atrial pacing alone totally controlled the arrhythmia in 1 patient; amiodarone was used in conjunction with pacing in 3 patients. In 1 patient the improvement was clear but incomplete, and in 1 patient permanent atrial fibrillation occurred shortly after pacemaker implantation.
Die Reaktionen von α‐Hydroxycarbonylverbindungen mit aromatischen Aminen (Modellreaktionen für die Bildung von Aminozuckern, I. Mitteil. (1956)

Abstract α‐Hydroxycarbonylverbindungen reagieren mit aromatischen Aminen primär an der Carbonylgruppe zu Ketiminen, welche sich spontan zu α‐Arylamino‐ketonen umlagern. Endständige Ketole reagieren in der Form der tautomeren α‐Hydroxyaldehyde und bilden entsprechend ω‐Arylamino‐ketone. Endständige α‐Hydroxycarbonylverbindungen, die an 3 oder 4 eine weitere OH‐Gruppe besitzen, zersetzen sich unter dem katalytischen Einfluß des aromatischen Amins. Eine OH‐Gruppe an 5 ist ohne Einfluß auf die Reaktion.
Synthesis, Structure and Optical Refractive Effect of Dibutyltin(IV) Complex of [Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2]− (2001)

Abstract Reaction of n-Bu2SnCl2 with K[Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2] in CH3CN gives the spirobimetallocyclic complex bis(tetraphenyldithioimidodiphosphinato)dibutyltin (IV), {n-Bu2Sn[Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2]2} in which π–π stacking interactions by the phenyl rings of the ligands exist. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were studied with an 8 ns-pulsed laser at 532 nm. Its optical responses to the incident light exhibit strong refractive effect with n2 = 5.4 × 10−18 m2 W−1 in a 1.2 × 10−4 mol dm−3 DMF solution.
Global quantification of heterochromatin-associated histone methylations in cell lines with differential sensitivity to ionizing radiation (2015)

Histone modifications are involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, by utilizing an ELISA immunoassay we assessed the methylation at H3K9 (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) in two cell lines with differential sensitivity to radiation-induced apoptosis, HeLa (sensitive) and MCF-7 (resistant). We found that DNA damage induction by γ-irradiation leads to considerable accumulation (up to 5-fold) of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, but not of H4K20me3 (control modification) in MCF-7 cells (p<0.05). Interestingly, a lower dose (2 Gy) was more effective than 5 Gy. In HeLa cells a smaller effect (approx. 1.5-1.8-fold) was evident only at 5 Gy. In conclusion, our findings reveal that DNA damage leads to specific accumulation of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in a cell-type specific manner.
Algorithms for defining mixed radix FFT flow graphs (1989)

A unified set of algorithms is presented to define the intraconnection and phase rotation structure of flow graphs for arbitrary fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). The same set of basic equations is applied to arbitrary-length FFTs; mixed-radix FFTs; either decimation-in-time or decimation-in-frequency FFTs; and FFTs with ordered inputs, ordered outputs, or both. These equations, which define input and output point indexing of each FFT stage and the twiddle factors used in each stage, are based on forward and backward products of radixes. The same basic products of radixes can be used to represent a wide variety of FFT structures. These equations also permit HOL (high-order language) specification of FFTs for programming signal processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new distance-weighted k-nearest neighbor classifier (2012)

In this paper, we develop a novel Distance-weighted k-nearest Neighbor rule (DWKNN), using the dual distance-weighted function. The proposed DWKNN is motivated by the sensitivity problem of the selection of the neighborhood size k that exists in k-nearest Neighbor rule (KNN), with the aim of improving classification performance. The experiment results on twelve real data sets demonstrate that our proposed classifier is robust to different choices of k to some degree, and yields good performance with a larger optimal k, compared to the other state-of-art KNN-based methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ácido Poliláctico (PLA): Propiedades y Aplicaciones (2011)

The polilactic acid (PLA), is a thermoplastic biopolymer which precursor molecule is the lactic acid. Due to its biodegradability, barrier properties and biocompatibility; this biopolymer had found industrial and medicals applications since it presents a wide range of unusual properties, from the amorphous to the crystalline state. These properties could be manipulate with blends between D(-) and L(+) isomers, molecular weight and copolymerization. This article is a review of polilactic acid its polymerizations forms, physicals and mechanicals interesting properties, biodegradability and reabsorption mechanisms and applications in different fields. Besides, it tried about the biotechnological production process of its precursor molecule, emphasizing the research in news substrates, new producers microorganism and different methods of purification.
Disease‐causing mutations C277R and C277Y modify gating of human ClC‐1 chloride channels in myotonia congenita (2012)

Key points ClC channels are double‐barrelled channels with two ion conduction pathways per individual channel. Substituting cysteine 277 by serine constitutively opens the common gate suggesting that this residue plays a major role in joint openings/closings of both protopores of ClC‐1. We studied here the functional consequences of two novel myotonia‐associated mutations, C277R and C277Y, of human ClC‐1 chloride channels. C277Y not only modified the common gate, but also protopore gating. C277Y inverts the voltage dependence and reduces the open probabilities of protopore and common gates and thus decreases the absolute open probabilities of homodimeric hClC‐1 channels to values below 3%. C277Y reduces single protopore current amplitudes to about two‐thirds of wild‐type values, and inverts the anion permeability sequence. Our results explain the disease‐causing effects and provide novel insights into the molecular processes underlying normal and pathologically altered function of muscle chloride channels. Abstract Myotonia congenita is a genetic condition that is caused by mutations in the muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1 and characterized by delayed muscle relaxation and muscle stiffness. We here investigate the functional consequences of two novel disease‐causing missense mutations, C277R and C277Y, using heterologous expression in HEK293T cells and patch clamp recording. Both mutations reduce macroscopic anion currents in transfected cells. Since hClC‐1 is a double‐barrelled anion channel, this reduction in current amplitude might be caused by altered gating of individual protopores or of joint openings and closing of both protopores. We used non‐stationary noise analysis and single channel recordings to separate the mutants’ effects on individual and common gating processes. We found that C277Y inverts the voltage dependence and reduces the open probabilities of protopore and common gates resulting in decreases of absolute open probabilities of homodimeric channels to values below 3%. In heterodimeric channels, C277R and C277Y also reduce open probabilities and shift the common gate activation curve towards positive potentials. Moreover, C277Y modifies pore properties of hClC‐1. It reduces single protopore current amplitudes to about two‐thirds of wild‐type values, and inverts the anion permeability sequence to I − = NO 3 − > Br − > Cl − . Our findings predict a dramatic reduction of the muscle fibre resting chloride conductance and thus fully explain the disease‐causing effects of mutations C277R and C277Y. Moreover, they provide additional insights into the function of C277, a residue recently implicated in common gating of ClC channels.
Production ready feature recognition based automatic group technology part coding (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Production ready feature recognition based automatic group technology part coding Author: Arlo L. Ames Advanced Technology Development Division, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico Advanced Technology Development Division, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New MexicoView Profile Authors Info & Claims SMA '91: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Solid modeling foundations and CAD/CAM applicationsMay 1991 Pages 161–169https://doi.org/10.1145/112515.112540Online:01 May 1991Publication History 16citation564DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads564Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF