gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-Based System (2010)

Knowledge-Based System (KBS), a branch research area of AI, has been widely used in interpretation, prediction, diagnosis, debugging, design, planning, monitoring, repair, instruction, and control (Stefik et al., 1982) since it emerged in 1960s. KBS has been recognized as a promising paradigm for the next generation manufacturing systems and there is no doubt that the use of KBS in manufacturing will continue to expand, both in areas of application as well as in depth of knowledge. As a result, factories will benefit a lot, such as improved productivity, more stable and increased yields and increased asset utilization, all leading to improved factory performance. Now KBS are finding an increasing number of applications in almost each stage of intelligent manufacturing, including design, process planning and scheduling, production control, diagnosis and etc. Followed by a case study, the overview over all these applications will be discussed in this chapter after the key technologies of KBS are presented, including knowledge representation, knowledge use, knowledge acquisition and evaluation of KBS.
An analysis of TCP/IP in the CODE network (1993)

CODE (Co-Operative Data Experiment) is a VSAT (very small aperture satellite terminal) system for LAN interconnection which is operating as part of the Olympus Utilisation Programme funded by the European Space Agency. CODE was developed as a co-operative project to stimulate work in both 20/30 GHz technology and LAN interconnection in industry, universities, and research centres. In contrast to most commercially available VSAT LAN interconnect systems, CODE employs routers connecting individual remote LANs to a backbone network provided by the VSATs. The use of routers eases administration, and allows a level of performance enhancement which is not easily provided in a bridged network. The paper describes networking experiments performed using the CODE system and analyses the performance of the TCP/IP protocol suite connecting the remote LANs.
<i>cis</i> -Acting Sequences That Contribute to the Synthesis of Relaxed-Circular DNA of Human Hepatitis B Virus (2003)

Synthesis of the relaxed-circular (RC) genome of hepadnaviruses is a multistep process that requires template switching during reverse transcription. Studies of duck hepatitis B virus indicated the presence of cis-acting sequences, distinct from the donor and acceptor sequences for the template switches, which contribute to the synthesis of RC DNA. However, knowledge about cis-acting requirements distinct from the donor and acceptor sites for human hepatitis B virus (HBV) was lacking. In this study, we searched for cis-acting sequences for synthesis of HBV RC DNA by analyzing a set of deletion variants that collectively represent most of the HBV genome. Sequences of epsilon, DR1, DR2, 5'r, and 3'r were not analyzed in the study. Results from Southern blotting showed that multiple cis-acting sequences were involved in the synthesis of HBV RC DNA. Analysis of several HBV/woodchuck hepatitis virus chimeras corroborated the findings from the analysis of deletion variants. This study represents a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of cis-acting sequences that contribute to the synthesis of HBV RC DNA.
Synthesis of cannabinoids carrying ω-carboxy substituents: the cannabidiols, cannabinol and Δ<sup>1</sup>- and Δ<sup>6</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinols of this series (1988)

A convenient synthesis of methyl 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)pentanoate adaptable for isotopic side-chain labelling is reported. Using acid-catalysed terpenylations involving (1S,4R)-(+)-trans-p-menthadienol, conditions for making (3R,4R)-o-and p-cannabidiols, (3R,4R)-Δ1-THC's, (3R,4R)-Δ6-THC's and cannabinol in ω-carboxylated or methoxycarbonylated formats are described. Multigram amounts of the thermodynamically labile (3R,4R)-Δ1-THC-ω-ester, readily convertible to the ω-acid, were made: the acid is a mammalian and microbial metabolite of Δ1-THC and is of interest for membrane studies as well as for spin-labelling and radioimmunoassay purposes. A convenient synthesis of (2E,4E)-5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate allows its conversion into the crystalline Δ6-THC analogue having a conjugated dienoic esterside chain. Chromatographic information is tabulated for esters of the ω-carboxy cannabinoid series along with data for esters of the naturally occurring Ar-carboxylated cannabinoid series made synthetically in earlier work.
Preservice teacher education partnerships: Creating an effective practicum model for rural and regional preservice teachers (2012)

This project will develop and implement inter-university strategies designed to reshape curriculum in the practicum aspect of rural and regional teacher education programs. This collaboration between ACU National and La Trobe University addresses the challenges of establishing effective teaching approaches in the school practicum, in particular that of providing supervision for pre-service teachers who are placed across a wide geographical area. The project will: (1) develop a secure ICT platform shared between ACU and La Trobe which supports rural and regional pre-service teachers' learning during their practicum; (2) create processes and protocols which will allow universities to share supervision of pre-service teachers in these areas; and (3) develop new strategies for universities to create positive partnerships with rural and regional teacher supervisors. The partnership model developed, together with documentation of lessons learned, will be designed to meet the varying needs of other universities with similar challenges.
A new approach in experimental chemotherapy using drug-lectin combination. (1995)

The efficacy of sequential treatment of anticancer drugs and plant lectins in enhancing the cytotoxic effects of antitumour agents and improving survival rates of the tumour bearing host were examined. The possiblity of reducing the toxic side effects of anticancer drugs by the use of lectus by reducing the total dose of the former was also examined.
A new compact temperature-compensated CMOS current reference (2005)

This paper describes a new circuit integrated on silicon, which generates temperature-independent bias currents. Such a circuit is firstly employed to obtain a current reference with first-order temperature compensation, then it is modified to obtain second-order temperature compensation. The operation principle of the new circuits is described and the relationships between design and technology process parameters are derived. These circuits have been designed by a 0.35 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology process and the thermal drift of the reference current has been evaluated by computer simulations. They show good thermal performance and in particular, the new second-order temperature-compensated current reference has a mean temperature drift of only 28 ppm//spl deg/C in the temperature range between -30/spl deg/C and 100/spl deg/C.
Heat Transfer. (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat Transfer.E. R. G. Eckert, James Hartnett, and T. F. IrvineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 3, 453–465Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51395a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51395a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synovisol as an irrigant for electrosurgery of joints (1988)

The appropriate irrigation fluid for use during arthroscopic procedures should be selected on the basis of fluid-tissue and fluid-instrumentation compatibility. This study describes a new irrigation fluid, Synovisol, that is isomolar, nonhemolytic, nonantigenic, has a low viscosity, and is nonconductive. The rabbit knee was used as a model to demonstrate the immediate and long-term (3 weeks) effects of irrigation with Synovisol compared with water, normal saline, mannitol, sorbitol, glycine, and with nonirrigated controls. Results were assessed by light- and electron-microscopic evaluation of synovium and cartilage dissected from rabbit knees. While the greatest amount of damage was seen in water-treated samples, significant effects were noted with other irrigants compared with Synovisol and controls. Long-term animals showed recovery of tissues in all cases. Systemic effects evaluated by measuring plasma glycerol levels showed a transient increase that peaked at 20 min. No hemolysis was detected and kidney morphology was normal. The physiological, electrocompatible, simplicity of formula, low cost, and long-shelf-life properties of this solution makes it a fluid uniquely suited to arthroscopy.
Dropout-error-rate calculations for a maximum-density study (1985)

This paper describes an experimental method for determining the maximum areal density achievable for a given head-to-tape interface (HTI). Using this method, we can calculate amplitude and bit-shift error rates during dropouts for the areal density the HTI is originally designed for, and beyond. First, the read-back waveform is sampled to obtain the amplitude distribution of signal samples below 50% clip level at each areal density. Second, the channel-transfer-function variation is investigated during a dropout to study its effect on the bitshift error rate. Third, empirical relationships between the areal density and an rms-to-rms signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are obtained. Based on the above information, a theoretical model is presented that predicts the error rate for each areal density after a write skip (defined here as the soft-error rate). The calculated soft-error rate agrees well with its experimental counterpart. The technique presented here is useful in determining the upper limit of the HTI used in the paper.
Correlations Between Electrically Quantified Pain Degree, Subjectively Assessed Visual Analogue Scale, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire: A Pilot Study (2014)

Numerical values measured with PV showed consistent results with repeated calculations. Electrically measured QPD showed an excellent correlation with MPQ but not with VAS. These results demonstrate that PV is a significantly reliable device for quantifying the intensity of low back pain.
Amine Extraction of Hydroxycarboxylic Acids. 2. Comparison of Equilibria for Lactic, Malic, and Citric Acids (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmine Extraction of Hydroxycarboxylic Acids. 2. Comparison of Equilibria for Lactic, Malic, and Citric AcidsJaroslav Prochazka, Ales Heyberger, Vladislav Bizek, Michaela Kousova, and Eva VolaufovaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 6, 1565–1573Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00030a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00030a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Homodiboriranides: The Simplest Negatively Charged Homoaromatic Compounds (1992)

Deshielding of the tricoordinated C atom, a ring inversion barrier of approximately 8 kcal mol−1 (Olah et al. determined a value of 8.4 kcal mol−1 for the parent compound of 1), a shorter BB distance, and folding as in 1 and 2 (substituents here not defined) prove that 3 is homoaromatic. Very similar data were obtained for the parent compound C2B2H by ab initio calculations. Dur = 2,3,5,6-Me4C6H.
Review of Controlled Research on the Transcendental Meditation Program and Cardiovascular Disease (2004)

Because of growing evidence for stress as a major factor contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD), techniques of meditation are being increasingly used. The Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique is distinct from other techniques of meditation not only in its origin and procedure, but also in the amount and breadth of research testing it. Evidence for its ability to reduce traditional and novel risk factors for CVD includes: 1) decreases in blood pressure, 2) reduced use of tobacco and alcohol, 3) lowering of high cholesterol and lipid oxidation, and 4) decreased psychosocial stress. Changes expected to result from reducing these risk factors, namely, reversal of atherosclerosis, reduction of myocardial ischemia and left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced health insurance claims for CVD, and reduced mortality, also have been found with TM practice. Research on mechanisms suggests that some of the CVD-related benefits as a result of this technique could arise from normalization of neuroendocrine systems whose function has been distorted by chronic stress. Further randomized clinical trials are in progress with a focus on underserved minority populations.
λSK15—a diphasmid for construction expression cDNA libraries at BamHI and EcoRI sites with selection against non-recombinant and false recombinant phages (1989)

Journal Article λSK15—a diphasmid for construction expression cDNA libraries at BamHI and EcoRI sites with selection against non-recombinant and false recombinant phages Get access E.R. Zabarovsky, E.R. Zabarovsky Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyAcad. Sci USSR, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 117984, USS1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E.G. Zagorskaya, E.G. Zagorskaya Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyAcad. Sci USSR, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 117984, USS1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.L. Kisselev L.L. Kisselev Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyAcad. Sci USSR, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 117984, USS1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 11, 12 June 1989, Page 4408, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.11.4408 Published: 12 June 1989 Article history Received: 25 April 1989 Published: 12 June 1989
Effects of Dose Titration on Tolerability and Efficacy of Interferon Beta-1b in People with Multiple Sclerosis (2005)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment with interferon beta is associated with well-known, easily managed adverse events, including influenza-like symptoms and injection-site reactions that decline over time. Initial dose titration has been shown to be one way of limiting these adverse events. Hence, a placebo-controlled, multicentre study of 98 patients was set up to explore whether a slower, four-stage, 4-week titration to a final dose of 250 microg subcutaneous interferon beta-1b might improve tolerability over a more rapid two-stage, 2-week titration in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Frequency of adverse events was found to be similar between the two regimens: notably, no difference in the incidence of injection-site reactions, with a trend towards fewer influenza-like symptoms in the slow-titration group. Relative to placebo, significantly fewer patients receiving interferon beta-1b relapsed. This was more pronounced in the rapid-titration group than in the slow-titration group, showing that rapid and significant improvements in relapse rates were achieved within 90 days of starting interferon beta-1b. Although a rapid-titration regimen results in a quicker onset of clinical benefit, slow titration showed a non-significant trend towards reduced influenza-like symptoms.
Neutron Binding Energies from (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>)<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>Values (1954)

The $Q$ values for the ($d, p$) reactions on some 27 targets whose neutron numbers are around the closed shells of 50 and 82 neutrons were determined. The general interpretation of these results and the specific application of these results to a variety of problems is discussed. In general, the results show a break of approximately 2 Mev at each of the shell edges. The technique used was that of a NaI scintillation spectrometer and is described in some detail. Comparison is also made with previous measurements by different techniques.
Urinary transforming growth factor β1 levels in hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease: Correlation between high levels and severity of disease (1997)

To assess the clinical relevance of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in chronic liver disease, urinary TGF-beta1 and circulating aminoterminal propeptides of type III procollagen (PIIINP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 100 cirrhotic patients, 44 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 50 healthy controls. TGF-beta1 and PIIINP levels in cirrhotic patients were higher than those in patients with chronic hepatitis (each P < .0001) or healthy controls (each P < .0001), respectively. There was a correlation between TGF-beta1 and PIIINP levels in patients (r = .858, P < .0001). The higher the urinary TGF-beta1 level, the worse the severity of chronic liver disease (P < .001). TGF-beta1 levels in cirrhotic patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were higher than in those without (P < .0001). Compared with cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone, those with HBsAg and anti-HCV had higher TGF-beta1 levels (P < .001), a higher frequency of raised TGF-beta1 (P < .005), and a higher frequency of patients with Child-Pugh C (P < .005). Multivariate analysis indicated that the TGF-beta1 level was significantly correlated with the presence of cirrhosis. In conclusion, urinary TGF-beta1 levels may be used as a marker for hepatic fibrogenesis. Higher urinary TGF-beta1 levels correlate with more severe liver disease.
Self-focusing and guiding of short laser pulses in ionizing gases and plasmas (1997)

Several features of intense, short-pulse (/spl lsim/1 ps) laser propagation in gases undergoing ionization and in plasmas are reviewed, discussed, and analyzed. The wave equations for laser pulse propagation in a gas undergoing ionization and in a plasma are derived. The source-dependent expansion method is discussed, which is a general method for solving the paraxial wave equation with nonlinear source terms. In gases, the propagation of high-power (near the critical power) laser pulses is considered including the effects of diffraction, nonlinear self-focusing, ionization, and plasma generation. Self-guided solutions and the stability of these solutions are discussed. In plasmas, optical guiding by relativistic effects, ponderomotive effects, and preformed density channels is considered. The self consistent plasma response is discussed, including plasma wave effects and instabilities such as self-modulation. Recent experiments on the guiding of laser pulses in gases and in plasmas are briefly summarized.
CHELATION AS A DRIVING FORCE IN SYNTHESIS. A NEW ROUTE TO α-NITRO ACIDS AND α-AMINO ACIDS (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCHELATION AS A DRIVING FORCE IN SYNTHESIS. A NEW ROUTE TO α-NITRO ACIDS AND α-AMINO ACIDSMartin Stiles and Herman L. FinkbeinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 2, 505–506Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01511a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01511a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantum universality by state distillation (2009)

Quantum universality can be achieved using classically controlled stabilizer operations and repeated preparation of certain ancilla states. Which ancilla states suffice for universality? This magic states question is closely related to quantum fault tolerance. Lower bounds on the noise tolerable on the ancilla help give lower bounds on the tolerable noise rate threshold for fault-tolerant computation. Upper bounds show the limits of threshold upper-bound arguments based on the Gottesman-Knill theorem.

We extend the range of single-qubit mixed states that are known to give universality, by using a simple parity-checking operation. For applications to proving threshold lower bounds, certain practical stability characteristics are often required, and we also show a stable distillation procedure.

No distillation upper bounds are known beyond those given by the Gottesman-Knill theorem. One might ask whether distillation upper bounds reduce to upper bounds for single-qubit ancilla states. For multi-qubit pure states and previously considered two-qubit ancilla states, the answer is yes. However, we exhibit two-qubit mixed states that are not mixtures of stabilizer states, but for which every postselected stabilizer reduction from two qubits to one outputs a mixture of stabilizer states. Distilling such states would require true multi-qubit state distillation methods.