gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Interval-Based Focalization Method for Decision-Making in Decentralized, Multi-Functional Design (2005)

Multi-functional design problems are characterized by strong coupling between design variables that are controlled by stakeholders from different disciplines. This coupling necessitates efficient modeling of interactions between multiple designers who want to achieve conflicting objectives but share control over design variables. Various game-theoretic protocols such as cooperative, non-cooperative, and leader/follower have been used to model interactions between designers. Non-cooperative game theory protocols are of particular interest for modeling cooperation in multi-functional design problems. These are the focus of this paper because they more closely reflect the level of information exchange possible in a distributed environment. Two strategies for solving such non-cooperative game theory problems are: a) passing Rational Reaction Sets (RRS) among designers and combining these to find points of intersection and b) exchanging single points in the design space iteratively until the solution converges to a single point. While the first strategy is computationally expensive because it requires each designer to consider all possible outcomes of decisions made by other designers, the second strategy may result in divergence of the solution. In order to overcome these problems, we present an interval-based focalization method for executing decentralized decision-making problems that are common in multi-functional design scenarios. The method involves propagating ranges of design variables and systematically eliminating infeasible portions of the shared design space. This stands in marked contrast to the successive consideration of single points, as emphasized in current multifunctional design methods. The key advantages of the proposed method are: a) targeted reduction of design freedom and b) non-divergence of solutions. The method is illustrated using two sample scenarios — solution of a decision problem with quadratic objectives and the design of multi-functional Linear Cellular Alloys (LCAs). Implications include use of the method to guide design space partitioning and control assignment.
LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE OF NaK (1972)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Columbia University; Department of Physics, Fordham University
Integrated Model for Refinery Planning, Oil Procuring, and Product Distribution (2008)

Refinery production planning is usually performed using the refinery battery limit constraints. Two associated problems are the oil uploading and product distribution problems. These problems have traditionally been solved separately, and they have constraints that could render the solution of the planning problem infeasible or less profitable. The goal of this paper is to explore the benefits of the integration of production planning with these two models.
Allylation of Imines and Their Derivatives with Organoboron Reagents: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines (2011)

Homoallylic amines serve as important precursors for the synthesis of a variety of natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. One widely used strategy for homoallylic amine synthesis is the addition of allylic metal or metalloid derivatives to imines or related functional groups. The use of allylic boron compounds for these reactions has emerged as an important synthe­tic approach, providing a robust and chemoselective method for efficient and stereocontrolled access to various homoallylic amines. In this review, a comprehensive and critical analysis of imine allyl­boration and crotylboration methods using organoborane, organoboronate and potassium organotrifluoroborate reagents is provided. These approaches include direct methods that accomplish diastereo- or enantiocontrolled addition of the organoboron species. Additionally, organoboron-based transition-metal-catalyzed allylation of imines and their respective surrogates using copper, indium, iridium, palladium or zinc catalysis is discussed. Finally, coverage on the use of allenyl- and propargylboron compounds and their application for the synthesis of homopropargylic and homoallenyl amines is provided.
Analysis of isothermal kinetic data via asymptotic analysis of intraparticle effectiveness factor. Redox kinetics (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of isothermal kinetic data via asymptotic analysis of intraparticle effectiveness factor. Redox kineticsChandrasekharan Lakshmanan and Manas ChandaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1986, 25, 1, 136–141Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100021a021https://doi.org/10.1021/i100021a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Absorption coefficient modified pressed powders for calibration of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2006)

Powdered samples have been pressed, utilising a standard KBr infrared (IR) press, to produce mechanically stable 13 mm discs. Three ‘absorbing’, organic based binders have been employed in this work, vanillic acid, pyrazinoic acid and nicotinic acid, chosen because of their high optical absorbance at the wavelength of the incident laser energy (213 nm). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was employed as an example of a ‘non-absorbing’ binder and because its use has been described previously in the literature. Discs of various sample/binder compositions were prepared and their absorption properties characterised by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to investigate the effect of different sample/binder compositions on signal sensitivity, whilst surface profilometry was performed on the resulting tracks to provide an estimate of the ablation depth achieved by the laser beam. It was found that discs prepared with vanillic acid had the highest optical absorbance at the wavelength of the laser system employed, resulting in a lower ablation depth and improved signal sensitivity, probably through the formation of smaller particles during the ablation process. Analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) was performed using simple external calibration standards of similar and dissimilar CRMs. It was found that discs produced using a 40% vanillic acid binder, with a 60% sample composition gave superior quality analytical data when compared with the use of 40% PVA binder or no binder at all. These findings indicate the potential for fit-for-purpose quality analytical data to be obtained when employing external calibration standards, without internal standardisation and without exact matrix matching. These data also provide further evidence that standardisation of ablation conditions and mass flux to the plasma are prerequisites for robust calibration, particularly in the absence of a suitable internal standard element.
Managing risk in multi-asset class, multimarket central counterparties: The CORE approach (2014)

Abstract Multi-asset class, multimarket central counterparties (CCPs) are becoming less uncommon as a result of merges between specialized (single-asset class, single market) CCPs and market demands for greater capital efficiency. Yet, traditional CCP risk management models often lack the necessary sophistication to estimate potential losses relative to the closeout process of a defaulter’s portfolio in a multi-asset class, multimarket environment. As a result, multi-asset class, multimarket CCPs usually rely on a simplified silo approach for risk calculation which not only fails to deliver efficiency, but may also increase systemic risk. The CORE (Closeout Risk Evaluation) approach, on the other hand, provides conceptual and mathematical tools necessary for robust and efficient central counterparty risk evaluation in multi-asset class and multimarket environments, acknowledging the portfolio dynamics involved in the closeout process as well as important “real life” market frictions.
Application of neural networks to the problem of forecasting the flow of the River Nile (2002)

This paper applies multilayer neural networks to the problem of forecasting the flow of the River Nile in Egypt. Estimating the flow of the River Nile can have significant economic impact, since it can help in managing scarce irrigation water. The second goal of the paper is utilize the time series as a benchmark to compare between different neural network forecasting methods. We compare between four different methods for input and output preprocessing, including a novel method proposed here based on the discrete Fourier series. We also consider the problem of forecasting several steps ahead. We compare three methods for the multistep ahead prediction problem.
Alcohol Use Disorders: Implications for the Clinical Toxicologist (2015)

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are a health problem of high prevalence in most communities and such problems account for 5% of the total burden of disease worldwide. Clinical toxicologists are commonly required to treat patients having AUDs and associated drug/alcohol-related harm. There have been recent changes to some of the diagnostic criteria (notably in DSM V) relevant to AUDs, with older terms “alcohol abuse” and “alcohol dependence” no longer being classified. AUDs may sometimes not be clearly recognizable and use of evidence-based screening interventions can help identify such conditions and lead to effective brief interventions (e.g. SBIRT programs in emergency departments). AUDs are viewed as chronic disorders of alcohol consumption occurring across a spectrum of severity. While most AUDs are mild to moderate in severity and usually self-limiting conditions, more severe presentations are more commonly encountered by physicians in emergency settings. Hence, clinical toxicologists are more likely to see patients within the more severe form of disorder, at end of the spectrum of AUDs. Among this group of patients, multi-morbidity and particularly high mortality risk exists, and thus they usually require management collaboration with specialist services. Patients with AUDs are most likely to be recognized by a clinical toxicologist in the following scenarios: following acute heavy alcohol ingestion and subsequently developing acute alcohol intoxication (ethanol toxidrome), following accidental or intentional drug overdosage where alcohol has also been consumed, following acute alcohol consumption that has been associated with behavioral risk-taking and/or self-harming (e.g. poisoning, envenomation, etc.), when alcohol withdrawal reactions are severe requiring hospitalization and possibly following an adverse drug reaction.
AN ADVANCED FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION AND WELL PATH NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE RE-DEVELOPMENT AND ENHANCEMENT OF ULTIMATE RECOVERY FROM THE COMPLEX MONTEREY RESERVOIR OF SOUTH ELLWOOD FIELD, OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA (2003)

Venoco Inc, intends to re-develop the Monterey Formation, a Class III basin reservoir, at South Ellwood Field, Offshore Santa Barbara, California. Well productivity in this field varies significantly. Cumulative Monterey production for individual wells has ranged from 260 STB to 8,700,000 STB. Productivity is primarily affected by how well the well path connects with the local fracture system and the degree of aquifer support. Cumulative oil recovery to date is a small percentage of the original oil in place. To embark upon successful re-development and to optimize reservoir management, Venoco intends to investigate, map and characterize field fracture patterns and the reservoir conduit system. State of the art borehole imaging technologies including FMI, dipole sonic and cross-well seismic, interference tests and production logs will be employed to characterize fractures and micro faults. These data along with the existing database will be used for construction of a novel geologic model of the fracture network. Development of an innovative fracture network reservoir simulator is proposed to monitor and manage the aquifer's role in pressure maintenance and water production. The new fracture simulation model will be used for both planning optimal paths for new wells and improving ultimate recovery. In the second phase of this project, the model will be used for the design of a pilot program for downhole water re-injection into the aquifer simultaneously with oil production. Downhole water separation units attached to electric submersible pumps will be used to minimize surface fluid handling thereby improving recoveries per well and field economics while maintaining aquifer support. In cooperation with the DOE, results of the field studies as well as the new models developed and the fracture database will be shared with other operators. Numerous fields producing from the Monterey and analogous fractured reservoirs both onshore and offshore will benefit from the methodologies developed in this project. This report presents a summary of all technical work conducted during the final quarter of Budget Period I.
Optical response of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">BiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo></mml:math>Evidence for an unusual coupling mechanism of superconductivity (1998)

We have analyzed optical reflectivity data for ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{K}}_{x}{\mathrm{BiO}}_{3}$ in the far-infrared region using Migdal-Eliashberg theory and found it inconsistent with standard electron-phonon coupling: Whereas the superconducting state data could be explained using moderate coupling, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=0.7,$ the normal state properties indicate $\ensuremath{\lambda}<~0.2.$ We have found that such behavior could be understood using a simple model consisting of weak standard electron-phonon coupling plus weak coupling to an unspecified high energy excitation near 0.4 eV. This model is found to be in general agreement with the reflectivity data, except for the predicted superconducting gap size. The additional high energy excitation suggests that the dominant coupling mechanism in ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{K}}_{x}{\mathrm{BiO}}_{3}$ is not standard electron-phonon.
Siward, Earl of Northumbria (1895)

Siward, Earl of Northumbria Get access Thomas Williams Thomas Williams 1Aaton clinton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-VII, Issue 175, 4 May 1895, Page 353, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-VII.175.353b Published: 04 May 1895
A new approach to multiple model adaptive estimation (2002)

An algorithm for adaptive estimation of time-varying parameters in certain classes of linear stochastic dynamic systems has been developed. The algorithm is based on an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) whose hypothesized parameters are modified at each stage by generating the probability of each hypothesis, conditioned on the residual history and a given probability of transition. We develop sufficient conditions for the stochastic convergence of this adaptive filter structure. By invoking an information function, the filter is also shown to be robust with respect to modeling errors. A few numerical simulations have been performed to evaluate this algorithm against the backdrop of the multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) scheme.
Time Scales in Polymer Modified Asphalts (2005)

Abstract Historically, Maxwell was probably the first one who recognized the importance of time scales for understanding the mechanical response of asphalt. In instantaneous response asphalt behaves as an elastic, solid‐like material, on the other hand its long time response is that of a viscous, fluid‐like material. In the linear viscoelastic region asphalt behaves as a low molecular weight polymer. However, in the nonlinear region of high strains or rates of strain the behavior of some asphaltic systems can be rather complicated. In asphalts, asphaltenes, resins and alkanes compose a complex colloidal system, in which alkanes act as a solvent, asphaltenes as micelles and the polar resins as stabilizers. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of asphalts they are frequently modified by blending them with appropriate polymers. Changes in the impermanent network that can be formed in some of these blends can lead to an unexpected behavior of the steady shear viscosity function. Several different time scales emerge from this behavior. A possible relation of these “nonlinear” time scales to the linear viscoelastic time scales is discussed and examples of anomalous behavior of polymer‐modified asphalts are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Impact Induced Cleavage of the Stilbene Double Bond. Part 1. Syntheses of Stilbenes with a C2‐Side‐Chain in the o‐Position and Their Deuterated Analogues. (1986)

Abstract The title compounds (II), (XIIa) or (XV) are prepared via degradation of (I) with ethyl chloroformate or via o‐formylation of (Xa) or (XIVa) with subsequent Wittig reaction.
Hepatitis B viral markers in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (1981)

The presence of hepatitis B viral markers in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) was studied retrospectively at the Taiwan Veterans General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Serum samples from 102 PHC patients and from 100 control individuals were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg), and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). Of the 102 PHC patients, 72 (71%) were positive for HBsAg. Nine (9%) additional patients were positive for anti-HBc alone in high titer, 19 (19%) had both anti-HBc and anti-HBs, and 9 (9%) had HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs. In the 100 controls, 12 (12%) were HBsAg-positive, whereas 22 (22%) had anti-HBc alone and 50 (50%) had both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. Only 4 (4%) controls and no PHC patients had anti-HBs alone. Of the HBsAg-positive patients with PHC, 17 (29%) had HBeAg and 36 (61%) had anti-HBe. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels above 400 ng/ml were found in 44% of the PHC patients. Values of AFP above 1 x 10(5) ng/ml were more frequently detected in PHC patients who were HBsAg-positive. Categorization of the geographic origins of the families whose members had PHC revealed that most families had originated from southern China. This study confirms that hepatitis B viral markers are frequently present in Chinese patients with PHC.
Viszeralmedizin - Zukunft der Gastroenterologie und Viszeralchirurgie? (2006)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Kinetic responses of <i>Dunaliella</i> in moving fluids (2010)

The objective of this work was to quantify the kinetic behavior of Dunaliella primolecta (D. primolecta) subjected to controlled fluid flow under laboratory conditions. In situ velocities of D. primolecta were quantified by micron-resolution particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry. Experiments were performed under a range of velocity gradients and corresponding energy dissipation levels at microscopic scales similar to the energy dissipation levels of natural aquatic ecosystems. An average swimming velocity of D. primolecta in a stagnant fluid was 41 microm/s without a preferential flow direction. In a moving fluid, the sample population velocities of D. primolecta follow a log-normal distribution. The variability of sample population velocities was maximal at the highest fluid flow velocity in the channel. Local fluid velocity gradients inhibited the accrual of D. primolecta by twofold 5 days after the initiation of the experiment in comparison to the non-moving fluid control experiment.
Pulsed Operation of Microchip Lasers (1991)

Using a novel Q-Switching technique, we have produced 6-ns output pulses from a single-mode Nd:YAG microchip laser pumped with 120 mW of CW optical power. Rate-equation analysis indicates that with a pump power of 500 mW, Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip lasers having subnanosecond pulses and peak powers of several kilowatts are feasible. A small modification to the Q-switched microchip laser results in a polarization-switchable device. With such a device, we have switched the polarization of a microchip laser in under 5 μs, and theoretical modeling indicates that switching rates of several megahertz are possible.
Large-Amplitude Pulse Propagation—A Transient Effect (1970)

An experimental demonstration of transient-signal generation during the propagation of a large-amplitude ultrasonic pulse has been made. This phenomenon was treated theoretically by Berktay [J. Sound Vibration 2, 435–461 (1965)]. Data are presented for a pulsed 10-MHz carrier propagating in CCl4.
Effective Nanometer Airgap of NEMS Devices Using Negative Capacitance of Ferroelectric Materials (2014)

Nanoelectromechnical system (NEMS) is seen as one of the most promising candidates for next generation extreme low power electronics that can operate as a versatile switch/memory/sensor/display element. One of the main challenges toward this goal lies in the fabrication difficulties of ultrascaled NEMS required for high density integrated circuits. It is generally understood that fabricating and operating a NEMS with an airgap below a few nanometer will be extremely challenging due to surface roughness, nonideal forces, tunneling, etc. Here, we show that by cascading a NEMS with a ferroelectric capacitor, operating in the negative capacitance regime, the effective airgap can be reduced by almost an order of magnitude, without the need to reduce the airgap physically. This would not only reduce the pull-in voltage to sub-1 V regime, but also would offer a set of characteristics which are difficult/impossible to achieve otherwise. For example, one can reduce/increase the classical travel range, flip the traditional stable-unstable regime of the electrode, get a negative pull-out voltage, and thus, center the hysteresis around zero volt. Moreover, one can also operate the combination as an effective ferroelectric memory with much reduced switching voltages. These characteristics promise dramatic saving in power for NEMS-based switching, memory, and other related applications.