gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zidovudine Treatment of AIDS and ARC in Denmark 1987 (1989)

In 1987, a total of 138 Danish patients (94 AIDS and 44 ARC) received treatment with zidovudine, a total observation period of 572 treatment months. 15 AIDS and 1 ARC patient died after a median of 70 days (range 2-295). In the ARC group 4 patients developed AIDS (3 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1 Kaposi's sarcoma). Among the AIDS patients 38 new opportunistic infections were reported. 24 of these opportunistic infections occurred within 6 weeks after treatment initiation. 79 patients were observed for more than 3 months, 25 of these had their daily dose zidovudine reduced, usually from 1,200 mg to 600 mg, 9 others were temporarily off drug. HIV antigen was analyzed in serum samples from 93 patients. Of these, 28 (52%) of 54 initially HIV antigen-positive became antigen-negative, 7 (18%) of 39 initially HIV antigen-negative became antigen-positive within the first 8 weeks of zidovudine treatment. In 57 patients the total count of CD4+ cells were evaluated. A significant increase in the number of CD4+ cells was observed during treatment. In nearly all patients an increase in MCV and a decrease in neutrophil count was observed. 44 of the patients received a total of 307 blood transfusions on 94 occasions and 19 (14%) patients required multiple transfusions. The mortality among the AIDS patients was significantly lower compared to historical controls. In our experience zidovudine treatment is reasonably well tolerated and the side effects are manageable.
Antioxidant activity of michellamine alkaloids. (1999)

The alkaloids michellamines A, B, and C are natural products isolated from a Central African tropical plant Ancistrocladus korupensis. We have investigated the radical scavenging ability of these compounds. The alkaloids inhibited the azo-induced oxidation of beta-phycoerythrin with IC50 values in the 0.5- to 0.8-microM range. Michellamine B also protected rat liver mitochondria against lipid peroxidation induced by adenosine diphosphate and Fe2+. The alkaloids were more potent antioxidants in these assays than several compounds being considered clinically as chemoprevention agents.
A simplified force field for non-planar vibrations in aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (1984)

A simplified force field for general application to aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons concerning ‘out-of-plane’ vibration is presented and discussed. A discriminating fit to frequencies obtained from the vapour phase and the crystal is relevant in this case, and harmonic lattice dynamical calculations have been applied for this purpose. On the whole, satisfactory results can be obtained even from very simple fields, involving two to five torsional coordinates, with no interaction constants: for each molecule, the force constants can be evaluated from geometrical considerations and Kekulé structures. Examples of application to isolated molecules and crystals of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene, including some deuterium analogues, are given: the average disagreement between observed and calculated frequencies is 13 cm-1 for the five parameter field.
Single-crystal neutron-diffraction investigation of the magnetic ordering of the high-temperature superconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ErBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

Neutron-diffraction experiments on single crystals of ${\mathrm{ErBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\simeq}88 K) show that Er moments order at about 500 mK with an antiferromagnetic structure with the wave vector k=((1/2,0,0). The magnetic moment of Er atoms is determined to be 4.8(2)${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ and is oriented perpendicular to the wave vector, i.e., along the b axis. This result differs from that of our previous powder investigations.
Sensitivity of the dipstick in detecting bacteremic urinary tract infections in elderly hospitalized patients (2017)

In elderly hospitalized patients with a bacteremic UTI, the dipstick urinalysis is highly sensitive, much higher than reported previously in studies of UTIs in the elderly. It is unclear whether the observed high sensitivity of the dipstick was due to the exclusion of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria or to spectrum bias. Studies of the clinical utility/disutility of using a negative dipstick to rule out a urinary tract infection are warranted.
Kleine geladene Heterocyclen (1969)

Abstract Die Darstellung stabiler Aziridiniumsalze und ihre wichtigen Reaktionen werden in diesem Aufsatz beschrieben. Die stabileren Azetidiniumsalze, deren Verhalten dem der Aziridiniumsalze gleicht, sind ebenfalls untersucht worden. Durch polare und dipolare Cycloadditionen entstehen heterocyclische Ringsysteme. Diese Ringerweiterungen können als und Prozesse aufgefaßt werden.
Project Myopia. A Proposed Hull-Mounted Pro-Submarine Torpedo Countermeasure (1958)

Abstract : A proposed hull-mounted pro-submarine torpedo countermeasure is examined, which is an adaptation of an NRL-developed countermeasure against tracking radar systems. This device should be effective against all known types of active acoustic homing torpedoes and, modified, possibly against passive acoustic torpedoes. Its operation is based on the fact that the apparent position of any finite target of complex structure, as seen by a tracking system, will wander about the physical center of the target. This natural phenomenon is exploited by the countermeasure device so that the echo returned to the tracking system appears to come from a location many target spans away from the target. Preliminary experimental data indicate the feasibility of this technique as applied to sonar.
Use of Optical Fiber Heads for Optical Disks (1985)

The ability to generate high quality lenses on the end of single mode optical fibers makes it possible to consider a large number of design changes in the development of a head for an optical disk system. It is these potential design changes which we wish to explore in discussing characteristics of a fiber optics head for an optical disk mass storage system.
2.4 µm Dual-Comb Spectroscopy (2010)

A proof-of-principle experiment of mid-infrared frequency comb Fourier transform spectroscopy is carried out with two interfering Cr2+:ZnSe femtosecond oscillators, emitting around 2400 nm. Spectra of acetylene are measured within 10 µs with 12 GHz resolution.
High-power GaN diode-pumped continuous wave Pr <sup>3+</sup> -doped LiYF <sub>4</sub> laser (2007)

Summary form only given. In this study, Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped LiYF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> laser, was pumped by a high-power 444 nm GaN laser. The laser output power as a function of absorbed power for various output couplings was studied. No performance degradation was observed even at elevated crystal temperatures up to 380 K.
[Effects of sodium valproate on proliferation and apoptosis of human myelodysplastic syndromes cell line MUTZ-1]. (2007)

VPA could induce G(0)/G(1) phase arrest, inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MUTZ-1 cells in vitro. The mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of p21(WAF1).
Tibial fractures The impact of cigarette smoking on outcome--（ update to July 2005 report） (2009)

Summary Evidence from five cohort studies suggest that smoking is associated with higher rates of delayed and nonunion, longer time to union, and greater requirement for sec-ondary surgery to stimulate union following tibia fracture. Smokers also tended to have higher rates of complication (eg, flap failure and infection), but none of the reported differences in serious complications achieved statistical significance. Discrepancies in follow-up rates for smokers compared with nonsmokers should be considered when interpreting results, as should differences in criteria for ascertainment of union。
Scaling Criteria for Axial Piston Machines Based on Thermo-Elastohydrodynamic Effects in the Tribological Interfaces (2018)

In lieu of reliable scaling rules, hydraulic pump and motor manufacturers pay a high monetary and temporal price for attempting to expand their production lines by scaling their existing units to other sizes. The challenge is that the lubricating interfaces, which are the key elements in determining the performance of a positive displacement machine, are not easily scalable. This article includes an analysis of the size-dependence of these units with regard to the significant physical phenomena describing the behavior of their three most critical lubricating interfaces. These phenomena include the non-isothermal elastohydrodynamic effects in the fluid domain, and the heat transfer and thermal elastic deflection in the solid domain. The performance change due to size variation is found to be unavoidable and explained through fundamental physics. The results are demonstrated using a numerical fluid–structure–thermal interaction model over a wide range of unit sizes. Based on the findings, a guide to scaling swashplate-type axial piston machines such as to uphold their efficiency is proposed.
Effect of metabolic efficiency and intestinal morphology on variability in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment of eggs (2012)

The effect of metabolic efficiency and associated gut characteristics of laying hens on the variability of transfer of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to the egg was examined in laying hens at 56 wk of age. An empirical energetics model was used to categorize individual hens into energetically efficient or nonefficient treatments based on residual maintenance ME requirement. Birds were then provided a diet containing an extruded flax product as a source of n-3 PUFA for 14 d. Egg traits were determined and yolks collected at 0 d and 14 d for measurement of fatty acid composition and variation in fatty acid levels within hen efficiency class. Gut length and duodenal histomorphometric indices were assessed after the 14-d experimental period. Efficient hens had a 96.01% rate of lay compared with 88.63% in nonefficient hens. After 14 d of feeding, the concentration of n-3 PUFA increased (151.6 vs. 315.8 mg/egg) in the egg yolk whereas n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids were reduced (P < 0.001). Energetic efficiency had no additional effect on these measurements. However, egg yolks from efficient birds had less α-linolenic acid but more docosapentaenoic acid than nonefficient birds, suggesting a greater up-conversion of medium-chain (α-linolenic acid) to long-chain fatty acids (docosapentaenoic acid) in efficient birds. After 14 d, the CV for total n-3 PUFA in egg yolks from efficient hens was lower than that from nonefficient birds (11.1 vs. 21.4), indicating a more uniform level of enrichment. Furthermore, efficient hens had longer duodenal villi (P = 0.02), resulting in a greater absorptive villi surface area (0.13 mm(2)/villi) than in nonefficient birds (0.10 mm(2)/villi; P = 0.01). Increased uniformity of n-3 PUFA enrichment of table eggs could be possible through focus on metabolic efficiency and gut absorptive condition in laying hens.
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Corner Cracks under LBH Loading (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Sensory stimuli are not accurate cues in the estimation of the energy content of biscuits (1996)

High levels of circulating SHBG have been reported during starvation in patients with anorexia nervosa.The present work inves- tigated the relationships between SHBG and insulin or IGF-I in these patients.The serum concentration of SHBG, insulin, IGF-
Outstanding challenges in protein–ligand docking and structure‐based virtual screening (2011)

Abstract With an ever‐increasing number of protein structures being solved by X‐ray crystallography, the use of protein–ligand docking algorithms to assess candidate ligands for a binding site has become commonplace. In particular, over the last decade, high‐throughput docking has been widely applied to the virtual screening of large chemical databases for supporting hit‐finding programs in drug discovery. However, the techniques and practice of protein–ligand docking in general, and of structure‐based virtual screening in particular, are still evolving and significant limitations remain to be addressed. In this review, we seek to highlight some of the active areas of research and debate in this promising, but challenging, field. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 229–259 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.18 This article is categorized under: Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Infrared Spectrum of AlCl3 and Al2Cl6 Isolated in Solid Argon (1972)

The infrared spectra of monomeric and dimeric aluminum chloride trapped in solid argon have been observed. For the monomer AlCl3 four infrared-active fundamentals including the symmetric stretch are observed, implying a pyramidal equilibrium structure. Other experimental data for AlCl3 are consistent with such a structure. A normal coordinate analysis suggests a Cl–Al–Cl angle near 112°. The structures of the aluminum halides are compared with observed trends in alkaline-earth dihalides.
Mast cells and histamine contribute to bile acid-stimulated secretion in the mouse colon. (1995)

Certain dihydroxy bile acids cause secretory diarrhea when present in the colonic lumen at inappropriately high concentrations. However, the mechanism underlying the secretagogue activity has not been fully elucidated. Experiments were performed to test whether mast cells and one of their major mediators, histamine, might contribute to the secretory effect. Chenodeoxycholic acid, a secretory bile acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid, a nonsecretory, hydrophilic bile acid, were compared for their ability to induce chloride secretion across segments of mouse colon mounted in Ussing chambers. Chenodeoxycholic acid, but not ursodeoxycholic acid, induced dose-dependent, biphasic chloride secretion that was greater after serosal than mucosal addition and was greater in distal versus proximal colonic segments. The secretory effect of chenodeoxycholic acid was inhibited by H1 histamine receptor antagonists and modified by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. However, it was unaffected by an H2 histamine receptor antagonist or by atropine. Secretory effects of chenodeoxycholic acid were diminished in magnitude and delayed in colonic tissues from mice with a genetic deficiency of tissue mast cells. Concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid inducing secretion also released histamine from tissue segments. These data indicate that mast cells and histamine-mediated processes contribute significantly to the secretory effects of dihydroxy bile acids in the murine colon.
PREDICTORS OF THE LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF EARLY SYNOVITIS: A 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY (1991)

One hundred patients who presented to an Early Synovitis Clinic in 1979-81 were called for review after a minimum of 5 years. Sufficient data for analysis were obtained in 88 cases, of whom 36 had a final diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (19 seropositive, 17 seronegative) and 16 human parvovirus B19 arthropathy. Outcome was assessed by persistence of symptoms greater than 24 months and functional disability by Health Assessment Questionnaire. Sixty-two patients had persistent disease, with 26 showing some functional impairment (positive HAQ FDI). A number of presenting features were assessed for their ability to predict outcome at 5 years. Polyarticular onset of disease was associated with a poor prognosis but lacked both specificity and sensitivity. Certain laboratory tests at presentation, including positive rheumatoid factor and low serum sulphydryl levels, also indicated a poor outcome. Combining these serological abnormalities gave 100% specificity for detecting persistent, disabling disease but with rather low sensitivity. Thus, other test systems are required to increase further the successful prediction of clinical outcome in patients with early synovitis.
A novel quasi-distributed fibre optic displacement sensor for dynamic measurement (2010)

We present a novel technique based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to measure length changes quasi-distributed between reflection points in optical fibres. The technique enables length changes to be measured with a resolution better than 1 µm and allows for static and dynamic measurement capabilities up to 2 kHz. We demonstrate that dynamic measurements of multiple fibre sections can be conducted independently from each other with high precision. Due to the precise and dynamic measurement capabilities, the proposed sensor system is expected to open new fields of application, especially in the structural-health-monitoring sector. Possible applications are discussed in the paper.
Alkali subhalides: high-pressure stability and interplay between metallic and ionic bonds (2015)

The application of high pressure (hundreds of gigapascals) to materials, besides modifying their properties, changes dramatically their reactivity. Consequently, new compounds are formed, which violate the chemical paradigms known to date. In fact, it was recently discovered (Zhang et al., Science, 2013) that sodium subchlorides (NaxCl, x > 1) become stable at high pressure. In this work, we carry out a thorough study of these compounds as well as of other alkali subhalides by means of evolutionary crystal structure prediction calculations combined with an in-depth analysis of their crystal and electronic structures. The results of our investigation are threefold. We present an updated phase diagram of NaxCl, including one new compound (Na4Cl3) and two previously undiscovered phases of Na3Cl. We demonstrate the appearance of remarkable features in the electronic structure of sodium subchlorides, such as chlorine atoms acquiring a -2 oxidation state. Most importantly, we derive a model which enables one to rationalize the stability of alkali subhalides at high pressure. The predictive ability of our model was validated by the results of crystal structure prediction calculations we carried out on alkali subhalides A3Y (A = Li, Na, K; Y = F, Cl, Br). Moreover, we show how the stability of recently reported high-pressure compounds can be rationalized on the basis of the insights gained in the present study.
Constant-light Induced Down-regulation of Dopamine Receptors in Retina (1986)

Dopamine (DA) is a putative neurotransmitter in a subpopulation of retinal amacrine cells. The mechanism involved in the light-induced increases in the rates of DA release, synthesis and turnover in retina of dark-adapted mammals is not known (Morgan, 1982). Picomolar concentrations of the hormone melatonin, the synthesis of which is light dependent, selectively inhibit the calcium-dependent release of DA from rabbit retina, but not from the striatum (Dubocovich, 1983). Therefore the objective of this study was to investigate whether the light-dependent production of melatonin modulates DA release in vivo.
X-Ray Diffractometric Studies on Starches. II (1957)

十数種の天然澱粉をX線ディフラクトメーターにより精査した結果,クズ及びヤマノイモ澱粉の廻折曲線がジャガイモ澱粉(“B”)とトウモロコシ澱粉(“A”)の中間の形状を呈し,その6環が“B”の6a, bと“A”の6aに相当する3環より成る事を見出し,更に種々の澱粉の廻折曲線を検討し,“C”に属する微結晶構造は“A”, “B”,両結晶型の混合構造であると考えられる結果を得た.そして此等“C”に属する澱粉の結晶部分の“A”と“B”との合比を半定量的に示した.
Prediction of chronic post-operative pain: Pre-operative DNIC testing identifies patients at risk (2008)

Surgical and medical procedures, mainly those associated with nerve injuries, may lead to chronic persistent pain. Currently, one cannot predict which patients undergoing such procedures are 'at risk' to develop chronic pain. We hypothesized that the endogenous analgesia system is key to determining the pattern of handling noxious events, and therefore testing diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) will predict susceptibility to develop chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). Pre-operative psychophysical tests, including DNIC assessment (pain reduction during exposure to another noxious stimulus at remote body area), were conducted in 62 patients, who were followed 29.0+/-16.9 weeks after thoracotomy. Logistic regression revealed that pre-operatively assessed DNIC efficiency and acute post-operative pain intensity were two independent predictors for CPTP. Efficient DNIC predicted lower risk of CPTP, with OR 0.52 (0.33-0.77 95% CI, p=0.0024), i.e., a 10-point numerical pain scale (NPS) reduction halves the chance to develop chronic pain. Higher acute pain intensity indicated OR of 1.80 (1.28-2.77, p=0.0024) predicting nearly a double chance to develop chronic pain for each 10-point increase. The other psychophysical measures, pain thresholds and supra-threshold pain magnitudes, did not predict CPTP. For prediction of acute post-operative pain intensity, DNIC efficiency was not found significant. Effectiveness of the endogenous analgesia system obtained at a pain-free state, therefore, seems to reflect the individual's ability to tackle noxious events, identifying patients 'at risk' to develop post-intervention chronic pain. Applying this diagnostic approach before procedures that might generate pain may allow individually tailored pain prevention and management, which may substantially reduce suffering.
MARIE-STRÜMPELL ARTHRITIS (1950)

From clinical observations it appears that the roentgen irradiation affects the cellular changes of Marie-Strümpell arthritis, but we have no evidence that. it affects the associated ossifying process once it is under way. In a series of 100 patients with Marie-Strümpell arthritis, treated by roentgenotherapy plus corrective measures, the results, based on relief of pain, range of motion, and roentgenographic changes, indicate that the therapy can be expected to give approximately the same relief from pain during any stage of the disease. Increase in range of motion can be expected in a fair percentage of the mild and moderately advanced cases. Although there is relief from pain, a decrease in range of motion and further ossification may occur. In the mild or moderately advanced cases, the process can be arrested and in some instances cleared by the roentgenotherapy. Of the forty-seven patients in the mild and moderately advanced groups, fifteen showed roentgenographic clearing of the bone changes; twenty-four sholved no change or advance in the disease; only seven showed advance with additional ossification. Comparison with the advanced group of thirty-two patients shows that roentgenographic improvement can be expected in the earlier cases more frequently than in the advanced cases, where the changes are no longer reversible.