gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of 42 adults with measles (2005)

Objective To study the clinical and laboratory features of adult measles and improve the treatment of that.Methods The clinical features and laboratory data of 42 adults with measles were analyzed.Results All of the 42 patients manifested high fever,32 patients had many skin lesions and 10 of them few lesions,accompanied with long prodromal stage in 18 patients isthmitis,in 42 patients,bronchopneumonia in 26 patients,liver dysfunction in 20 patients,kidney lesion in 7 patients,myocarditis in 8 patients,diarrhea in 9 patients,bleeding of gastrointestine in 2 patients.The group with many shin lensions was susceptible to bronchopneumonia,and the group with few lesions was susceptible to liver and kidney lesion.The treatment was given for 2 days with vitamine A 200,000IU/d taken orally by one time.Conclusions Adult measles occurs with heavy symptoms,more complications,atypical manifestations,needed to be differentiated and treated seriously.The rational use of vitamine A may reduce mortality and pulmonary and gastrointestinal complications.
Exploring architectures, data and units for streaming end-to-end speech recognition with RNN-transducer (2017)

We investigate training end-to-end speech recognition models with the recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T): a streaming, all-neural, sequence-to-sequence architecture which jointly learns acoustic and language model components from transcribed acoustic data. We explore various model architectures and demonstrate how the model can be improved further if additional text or pronunciation data are available. The model consists of an `encoder', which is initialized from a connectionist temporal classification-based (CTC) acoustic model, and a `decoder' which is partially initialized from a recurrent neural network language model trained on text data alone. The entire neural network is trained with the RNN-T loss and directly outputs the recognized transcript as a sequence of graphemes, thus performing end-to-end speech recognition. We find that performance can be improved further through the use of sub-word units ('wordpieces') which capture longer context and significantly reduce substitution errors. The best RNN-T system, a twelve-layer LSTM encoder with a two-layer LSTM decoder trained with 30,000 wordpieces as output targets achieves a word error rate of 8.5% on voice-search and 5.2% on voice-dictation tasks and is comparable to a state-of-the-art baseline at 8.3% on voice-search and 5.4% voice-dictation.
Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists, 1994: NEUROTRANSMITTER MECHANISMS OF RAT VAGAL AFFERENT NEURONS (1995)

1. The present study has employed anatomical and neurochemical techniques to assess whether the amino acid, L-glutamate, may be considered as a potential neurotransmitter at rat vagal afferent neurons, with particular reference to baroreceptor afferents. 2. Slide-mounted sections of rat nodose ganglia were incubated with a high-titre antibody to glutamate, and visualization of the resulting immunoreactivity indicated glutamate-positive staining in a population of vagal afferent perikarya. In contrast, interstitial cells were devoid of immunostaining. 3. Release of endogenous glutamate was measured by in vivo microdialysis in the nucleus tractus solitarius, the site of central vagal afferent terminals, and could be evoked with a depolarizing stimulus of KCl in a calcium-dependent fashion. In addition, baroreceptor loading with an intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (30 micrograms/kg per min) increased the spontaneous efflux of glutamate to 148 +/- 28% of basal levels, which was paralleled by an increase in mean arterial pressure (approximately 40 mmHg). Release of glutamate was also elevated two-fold by intracerebral administration of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (30 mumol/L), an effect that could be prevented by coadministration of methylene blue (10 mumol/L). 4. These data suggest that neuronal glutamate may be formed in a population of vagal afferent cell bodies, presumably to act on soma membrane receptors. Furthermore, the excitatory amino acid is released in a neurotransmitter-like fashion at the terminal region of vagal afferent neurons, where glutamate release is increased as a consequence of baroreceptor loading and also following activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Thus, glutamate may be considered a candidate neurotransmitter of vagal baroreceptor afferent neurons, which may be modulated by nitric oxide or an endogenous nitrosothiol.
Discovery of Fused Azetidines as Novel Selective Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor (NNR) Agonists (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent development of unimolecular micelles as functional materials and applications (2016)

Unimolecular micelles have high functionalities, encapsulation capabilities and site specific confinement abilities in various applications.
A large scale system approach to the production planning and control problem (1985)

The present paper is devoted to the mathematical formalization of the production planning and control problem in manufacturing systems. A hierarchical decentralized approach to the production planning in a sequence of workshops is proposed and contrasted with respect to the well-known MRP and OPT techniques.
Passive synchronization of two independent laser oscillators with a Fabry-Perot modulator (2002)

Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Seitz, T. R. Schibli, U. Morgner, F. X. Kärtner, C. H. Lange, W. Richter, and B. Braun, "Passive synchronization of two independent laser oscillators with a Fabry-Perot modulator," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, M. Fermann and L. Marshall, eds., Vol. 68 of Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2002), paper WD5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The Human Preference for Excess Salt (1987)

Salt, sodium chloride, clearly holds a special place in human history. It has, when available, been used exten sively in human cuisine, formed a fundamental unit of exchange, and even been a cause of war. Salt has commonly been taxed because of its universal usage and value. Most striking perhaps are the British salt taxes in colonial India: individuals were taxed up to 4,000% of the salt's value, and a family of four could have spent as much as 17% of its income on salt. To prevent salt from being smuggled between areas of low tax and those of high tax, a series of fortifications rivaling the Great Wall of China was constructed over a distance of 1,500 miles across the Indian subcontinent and was manned by 8,000 soldiers (Balfour 1899; Gandhi 1930). Sodium is required for a variety of biological func tions, including nerve conduction, blood-pressure main tenance, acid-base balance, and mus cle contraction, and its balance in the body is finely regulated. Excess sodi um is usually excreted efficiently in the urine; in fact, adult rats have been successfully fed diets contain ing 25% sodium chloride for 3 months with no apparent ill effects (Richter 1956). At the other extreme, elaborate hormonal mechanisms ex
Progress Report for UNLV High Pressure Science and Engineering Center (1998)

In this report we present results of an in-depth analysis of the SP error densities for 29 satellites. These satellites were divided into three groups--Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Near Circular Orbit (NCO) and Highly Eccentric Orbit (HEO). Included in the first group were those satellites with eccentricities of less than 0.2 and perigees below 450km. The second group included satellites in near circular orbits (eccentricities of less than 0.015) and perigees from 700km to 1500km. The third group consisted of those satellites that were in highly eccentric orbits, namely those with eccentricities greater than 0.2. These satellites have perigees far into the thermosphere. Table 1 contains a summary of the orbit characteristics for the 29 satellites. In our study we attempted to unravel and elucidate the networks of relationships above. The satellite groupings and the report are organized in a way that reflects these efforts. We begin in Section 2 with a summary of the methods used in our analysis. One objective in this study was to establish a baseline for future work in satellite orbit propagators. Section 2 contains descriptions of the SP, truth orbits, and the satellite observation data used to establish this baseline. In the report we show how satellite error densities evolve in time up to thirty-six hours. We present error profiles, error histograms, rms errors and 95/9970 confidence limits for the along-track cross-track, and radial axes of motion for satellites in each of the three groupings. We present results of a regression analysis that establishes a physical model of the error densities. We also link the errors in the various regimes to the quality and quantity of the observational data.
Mother-to-Child HIV Type 1 Transmission in Argentina: BF Recombinants Have Predominated in Infected Children Since the Mid-1980s (2002)

The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Argentina is more complex than was previously appreciated. One circulating recombinant form, CRF12_BF, and many related BF recombinant forms predominate in the capital city, Buenos Aires. This study of HIV-1 subtypes acquired perinatally between 1984 and 2000 has permitted, for the first time, a reconstruction of the history of BF recombination in Argentina. Sequencing of a partial genome region from the beginning of vpu to the beginning of env(gp120), which spans a breakpoint common in most contemporary Argentine BF recombinants, enabled samples to be rapidly screened. Among 23 children born between 1984 and 2000, 15 including 1 child born in 1986, harbored a BF recombinant. Thirteen of the 15 recombinants shared a common breakpoint at the 5' end of env(gp120). Full genome sequencing of two viruses, from 1986 and 1987, respectively, revealed them to be genetically related but not identical to CRF12_BF. Both contained more subtype B sequence than did CRF12_BF. BF recombinants related to CRF12_BF have been in circulation in Buenos Aires since 1986 and continue to predominate in perinatal transmissions.
Bevacizumab and gliobastoma of the elderly: A single-center retrospective analysis. (2015)

e13060 Background: The primary objective of this study was to determine any difference in progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), clinical benefit and tolerability between elderly and non-elderly patients receiving bevacizumab at recurrence for glioblastoma in a single center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 47 patients with recurrent glioblastoma receiving bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 14 days) between January 2011 and January 2014 in second line. Bevacizumab was introduced for all patients at recurrence after a treatment of first line by temozolomide. A cohort of 19 patients was older than 70 years against 28 patients were under 70 years Results: No statistically significant difference was detected in terms of PFS and OS. PFS was 3.4 months for elderly patients against 5 for non-elderly patients (p > 0.5). OS from recurrence in elderly and non-elderly patients was respectively 6.7 and 4.6 months (p > 0.5). A significant statistical (p = 0.01) improvement of Karnofky Performance Status Scale was observed in young patients. Contrarely, non Karnofky Performance Status Scale was change in ederly patients. Regarding toxicity, 2 of the 19 elderly patients presented hypertension. In younger patients, 7 adverse events have been observed (1 proteinuria, 2 hypertension, 1 hemorrhage and 1 anal abscess). Conclusions: Despite small number of patients in this retrospective study, the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma appears similar in elderly and non-elderly patients. However, clinical benefit seemed to be less important in younger patients. A prospective multicentric study integrating geriatric assessment tools and quality of life would be interesting in this patient’s population.
Multistep Process to Produce Fermentable Sugars and Lignosulfonates from Softwood Enzymolysis Residues (2016)

The residual solids from enzymatic hydrolysis are usually burned to produce energy and have been explored as a feedstock for various products including activated carbon and lignin based polymers. These products require additional procedures unrelated to the existing biorefinery equipment. In the current study, we proposed successive sulfite treatments to utilize the enzymolysis residues for producing fermentable sugars and lignosulfonates. Two sulfite methods were compared as an initial pretreatment. It was found that the acid bisulfite treatment achieved higher hemicellulose removal (90%), while neutral sulfite resulted in higher lignin removal (50%) and a greater lignosulfonate yield (26.6 g from 100 g raw material). Overall, the acid bisulfite treatment resulted in 66% glucan conversion by enzymatic hydrolysis, whereas it was only 37% for the neutral sulfite method. In addition, the neutral sulfite pretreated wood reached 80% of the maximum sugar yield after 6 h of enzymatic hydrolysis, whereas it was 48 h for the acid bisulfite pretreated wood. The multistep treatment process achieved 84% total sugar conversion and 58% lignin removal with 32.4 g lignosulfonates being produced from 100 g raw materials. The results demonstrate that the multistep treatment process has a potential to maximize the yields of fermentable sugars and lignosulfonates.
Fabrication and testing of a w-band sheet beam extended interaction klystron (EIK) (2012)

Summary form only given. A W-band extended interaction klystron (EIK) driven by a 19.5-kV, 3.5-A sheet beam is being developed. Simulations using the 3-D particle-in-cell codes MAGIC and ICEPIC predict saturated output power levels of 8-10 kW with a saturated gain >;30 dB and small signal gain >;40 dB. A beamstick has been successfully fabricated and tested, transporting 98% of the emitted current through a 0.4-mm × 5-mm × 20-mm-long beam tunnel. Performance of the beamstick was in excellent agreement with MICHELLE simulations.
Distinct Pseudogap and Quasiparticle Relaxation Dynamics in the Superconducting State of Nearly Optimally Doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>SmFeAsO</mml:mi><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">F</mml:mi><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Single Crystals (2009)

We use femtosecond spectroscopy to investigate the quasiparticle relaxation and low-energy electronic structure in a nearly optimally doped pnictide superconductor with T{c}=49.5 K. Multiple relaxation processes are evident, with distinct superconducting state quasiparticle recombination dynamics exhibiting a T-dependent superconducting gap, and a clear "pseudogaplike" feature with an onset above 180 K indicating the existence of a temperature-independent gap of magnitude Delta{PG}=61+/-9 meV above T{c}. Both the superconducting and pseudogap components show saturation as a function of fluence with distinct saturation fluences 4 and 40 microJ/cm{2}, respectively.
Effectiveness of Manual Terminal Cleaning Varies on High-Touch Surfaces Near the Operative Field (2022)

Effectiveness of manual terminal cleaning varied greatly across surfaces. In general, surfaces further from the operative field were less likely to have markings removed.
Electric field-induced ferromagnetic resonance in a CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junction under dc bias voltages (2014)

We measure homodyne-detected ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) induced by the electric-field effect in a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with perpendicular magnetic easy axis under dc bias voltages up to 0.1 V. From the bias dependence of the resonant frequency, we find that the first order perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is modulated by the applied electric field, whereas the second order component is virtually independent of the electric field. The lineshapes of the FMR spectra are bias dependent, which are explained by the combination of electric-field effect and reflection of the bias voltage from the MTJ.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Blockade Prevents the Beneficial Effects of β-Blocker Therapy on Cardiac Function, Angiogenesis, and Remodeling in Heart Failure (2013)

β-Blockade promotes cardiac angiogenesis in heart failure via activation of VEGF signaling pathway. β-Blocker-induced enhancement of cardiac angiogenesis is essential for the favorable effects of this therapy on cardiac function and remodeling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐Ring Hydroxylated Neoflavonoids by Ligand Coupling Reactions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Results of the 1 MW Radiatively-Driven Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Experiments (2004)

The results of experiments involving the addition of over 800 kW of electron beam power injected into a supersonic air are reported. Using externally applied magnetic fields, a high-energy electron beam was directed and focused into a nozzle sustaining supersonic airflow. The experiments were undertaken to denJonstrate that downstream energy addition could be a viable solution to the limitations on run time and air quality that are encountered by hypersonic ground test facilities. In this work the total enthalpy of the flow was increased by a factor of -3, an amount similar to what will be required for a full scale Mach 12 facility.
All for One But Not One for All: Excitatory Synaptic Scaling and Intrinsic Excitability Are Coregulated by CaMKIV, Whereas Inhibitory Synaptic Scaling Is Under Independent Control (2017)

Neocortical circuits use a family of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms to stabilize firing, including excitatory and inhibitory synaptic scaling and homeostatic intrinsic plasticity (Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004). All three mechanisms can be induced in tandem in cultured rat neocortical pyramidal neurons by chronic manipulations of firing, but it is unknown whether they are coinduced by the same activity-sensors and signaling pathways, or whether they are under independent control. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV) is a key sensory/effector in excitatory synaptic scaling that senses perturbations in firing through changes in calcium influx, and translates this into compensatory changes in excitatory quantal amplitude (Ibata et al., 2008; Goold and Nicoll, 2010). Whether CaMKIV also controls inhibitory synaptic scaling and intrinsic homeostatic plasticity was unknown. To test this we manipulated CaMKIV signaling in individual neurons using dominant-negative (dn) or constitutively-active (ca) forms of nuclear-localized CaMKIV and measured the induction of all three forms of homeostatic plasticity. We found that excitatory synaptic scaling and intrinsic plasticity were bidirectionally coinduced by these manipulations. In contrast, these cell-autonomous manipulations had no impact on inhibitory quantal amplitude. Finally, we found that spontaneous firing rates were shifted up or down by dnCaMKIV or caCaMKIV, respectively, suggesting that uncoupling CaMKIV activation from activity generates an error signal in the negative feedback mechanism that controls firing rates. Together, our data show that excitatory synaptic scaling and intrinsic excitability are tightly coordinated through bidirectional changes in the same signaling pathway, whereas inhibitory synaptic scaling is sensed and regulated through an independent control mechanism.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Maintaining stable function in highly interconnected neural circuits is essential for preventing circuit disorders, and is accomplished through a set of negative feedback mechanisms that sense and compensate for perturbations in activity. These "homeostatic" mechanisms can target synaptic excitation, synaptic inhibition, and intrinsic excitability, but whether they are independently controlled is not known. We find that synaptic excitation and intrinsic excitability are coregulated in individual neurons through CaMKIV signaling, which is tightly controlled by neuronal activity. In contrast, synaptic inhibition is unaffected by changes in firing or CaMKIV signaling in individual neurons. These results show that circuit stability is controlled both through cell-autonomous mechanisms that regulate some aspects of excitability, as well as circuit-level mechanisms that adjust inhibition.
The Active Site Base Controls Cofactor Reactivity in<i>Escherichia coli</i>Amine Oxidase:  X-ray Crystallographic Studies with Mutational Variants<sup>,</sup> (1999)

Amine oxidases utilize a proton abstraction mechanism following binding of the amine substrate to the C5 position of the cofactor, the quinone form of trihydroxyphenylalanine (TPQ). Previous work [Wilmot, C. M., et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 1608-1620] has shown that Asp383 in Escherichia coliamine oxidase (ECAO) is the catalytic base which performs the key step of proton abstraction. This paper explores in more depth this and other roles of Asp383. The crystal structures of three mutational variants are presented together with their catalytic properties, visible spectra, and binding properties for a substrate-like inhibitor, 2-hydrazinopyridine (2-HP), in comparison to those of the wild type enzyme. In wild type ECAO, the TPQ is located in a wedge-shaped pocket which allows more freedom of movement at the substrate binding position (C5) than for TPQ ring carbons C1-C4. A role of Asp383, whose carboxylate is located close to O5, is to stabilize the TPQ in its major conformation in the pocket. Replacement of Asp383 with the isostructural, but chemically distinct, Asn383 does not affect the location or dynamics of the TPQ cofactor significantly, but eliminates catalytic activity and drastically reduces the affinity for 2-HP. Removal of the side chain carboxyl moiety, as in Ala383, additionally allows the TPQ the greater conformational flexibility to coordinate to the copper, which demonstrates that Asp383 helps maintain the active site structure by preventing TPQ from migrating to the copper. Glu383 has a greatly decreased catalytic activity, as well as a decreased affinity for 2-HP relative to that of wild type ECAO. The electron density reveals that the longer side chain of Glu prevents the pivotal motion of the TPQ by hindering its movement within the wedge-shaped active site pocket. The results show that Asp383 performs multiple roles in the catalytic mechanism of ECAO, not only in acting as the active site base at different stages of the catalytic cycle but also in regulating the mobility of the TPQ that is essential to catalysis.