gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic evaluation of the dihydrogen-oxidising and NAD<sup>+</sup>-reducing soluble [NiFe]-hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha H16 as a cofactor regeneration catalyst (2011)

The oxygen-tolerant NAD+-reducing soluble hydrogenase (SH) from Ralstonia eutropha H16 has been described as a promising catalyst for cofactor regeneration in biocatalysed reductions. In this study, the actual potential of this enzyme for application in technical synthesis was evaluated. An overproduced, purified version of the enzyme was coupled to the carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis (CPCR), where it allowed an almost quantitative conversion of the model substrate; total turnover numbers (TTN: nproduct/nenzyme) of up to 143,666 were achieved. This was distinctly superior to the commonly used NADH regenerating enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii. In a systematic quantitative approach, maximum activity for NAD+ reduction was observed at 35 °C and pH 8, which corresponds to that of native SH. The half-life of the enzyme under these conditions was 5.3 hours. In the presence of sodium salts, distinct inhibitory effects were observed while ammonium and potassium ions increased the enzyme stability. Overall, a high but not unusual sensitivity of SH for changes in temperature, pH and mechanical stress in a reactor was found. Technical application in chemical synthesis can therefore be considered a feasible goal.
Elimination of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-oxo-PGF1α in anaesthetized dogs (1979)

Abstract The plasma concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1α was measured by radioimmunoassay after constant rate infusion of 6-oxo-PGF1α or prostacyclin (PGI2) into anaesthetized dogs. A steady-state plasma concentration was rapidly attained with both compounds. After termination of the infusions, the concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1α declined according to a bi-exponential process. The steady-state plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1α obtained after infusion of 6-oxo-PGF1α and PGI2 were approximately 10 times higher than the corresponding steady-state level of PGF2α measured after infusion of PGF2α into the same dogs. The data presented suggest that PGI2 and 6-oxo-PGF1α are eliminated more slowly than PGF2α, probably because they are not taken up and metabolized in the lungs as rapidly as PGF2α.
Atypical Forms of Paroxysmal Positional Nystagmus (1995)

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of vertigo, and has a typical constellation of physical findings. Atypical forms of paroxysmal positional nystagmus (APPN) also exist, and are thought to represent conditions which are in fact not “benign”. We studied 100 consecutive patients with positional vertigo in order to learn whether APPN differed from classic BPPV in etiology or clinical fate, and to learn the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in these patients. APPN was present in 38% of these patients with diverse causes. One-fourth had CNS disorders or vascular insufficiency, the remainder, otogenic or idiopathic. APPN was more likely than BPPV to have a prolonged (persistent or recurring) clinical course. Although most cases eventually resolved, duration of symptoms tended to be longer, regardless of etiology. We conclude that APPN has a less favorable prognosis than typical BPPV, and that a CNS etiology should be suspected in prolonged cases.
Recruitment Maneuvers during Lung Protective Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2002)

The objective was to analyze the physiologic effects of recruitment maneuvers (RM) in 17 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ventilated with a lung protective strategy. RM consisted of 2 min of pressure-controlled ventilation at a peak pressure of 50 cm H(2)O and a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) above the upper inflection point of the respiratory pressure-volume curve obtained at zero PEEP. In eight patients, RM were repeated in the late phase of ARDS. Oxygenation did not change 15 min after RM in the early and late phase of ARDS. When Pa(O(2))/fraction of inspired oxygen (FI(O(2))) increased during RM, venous admixture (Q VA/Q T) decreased. The opposite occurred in patients in whom Pa(O(2))/FI(O(2)) decreased during RM. RM-induced changes in cardiac output were not observed. A significant correlation was found between RM-induced changes in Pa(O(2))/FI(O(2)) during the RM and changes in respiratory system compliance at 15 min (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and RM-induced changes in Q VA/Q T (r = -0.85; p < 0.01). The correlation between RM-induced changes in Pa(O(2))/FI(O(2)) in responders (improvement in Pa(O(2))/FI(O(2)) of greater than 20% during the RM) and the inspired oxygen fraction was also significant. In ARDS patients ventilated with a lung protective strategy we conclude that RM have no short-term benefit on oxygenation, and regional alveolar overdistension capable of redistributing blood flow can occur during RM.
Zur Charakterisierung von PVC‐Pulvern und Plastisolen. 10. Mitt. Experimentelle Ergebnisse zum Mechanismus der Quellung von PVC‐Partikeln im Weichmacher (1986)

Abstract Die Quellung monodisperser PVC/E‐Partikeln im Weichmacher DOP wird mit einer Reihe unabhängiger Methoden untersucht. Auf Grundlage eines einfachen Diffusionsmodells werden aus viskosimetrisch an verdünnten Dispersionen bestimmten Quellungskuren Koeffizienten für die Diffusion des Weichmachers in die PVC‐Partikeln berechnet. Elektronenmikroskopische, Röntgen‐ und Lichtstreuuntersuchungen sowie eine beschriebene Druckfiltrationsmethode liefern zusätzliche Angaben zum Diffusionsmechanismus.
Uptake of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine by Escherichia coli and its competition by guanosine. (1977)

The antibacterial activity of a new nucleoside antibiotic, 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine (2AG), is reversed by guanosine and other purine nucleosides. 2AG is apparently taken up by E. coli by a mechanism different from that of guanosine; guanosine inhibits this uptake non-competitively. Insensitive E. coli strains and the resistant mutant obtained from the sensitive strain also took up 2AG.
The effect of the 2D internal strain state on the critical current in GdBCO coated conductors (2012)

A reversible effect of strain on the critical current (Ic) has been reported for REBa2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO) coated conductors. In this study, the strain sensitivity of Ic was compared for GdBCO coated conductors with different crystal orientations. Extremely small strain sensitivity was confirmed from tensile and bending tests at 77 K for a GdBCO film with the [110] direction parallel to the tape length (Gd-F), while a GdBCO film with the [100] or [010] direction parallel to the tape length (Gd-I) has much stronger strain dependence of Ic. To compare the strain sensitivity of Ic based on internal strain, the lattice strain was evaluated for a GdBCO film in a composite conductor by employing a diffraction technique using synchrotron radiation. The lattice strain was determined along both the a- and b-axes for the orthogonal domains that are generated by the twin structure of GdBCO film. A distinct difference in the 2D strain state that depended on the crystal orientation was revealed for the GdBCO coated conductors. In Gd-I, the lattice strains along the axial and lateral directions are tensile and compressive under tensile loading, respectively, that is, the 2D internal strain state is anisotropic. On the other hand, an almost isotropic 2D strain state was confirmed in Gd-F. In addition, the strain components along the crystal axes in Gd-F are much smaller than the axial strain components in Gd-I. This difference in the internal strain state is attributed to the difference in strain sensitivity between the GdBCO coated conductors with different crystal orientations. The contributions of the strain components along the a- and b-axes to Ic are discussed on the basis of the measured strain sensitivities and internal strains for two conductors.
Modeling and Analysis of Differential CQI Feedback in 4G/5G OFDM Cellular Systems (2019)

Reduced feedback schemes are crucial in achieving the high data rates expected of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based 4G and 5G cellular systems. They ensure that the feedback overhead required for acquiring the channel-state information to enable downlink scheduling and adaptive modulation and coding at the base station (BS) does not overwhelm the uplink. We present a novel modeling and analysis of the single-user and multi-user throughputs of the differential feedback scheme that is used in both 4G and 5G standards. In this feedback scheme, a user feeds back a 4-bit wideband channel quality indicator (CQI), which indicates the rate that the user can decode if the BS was to transmit to it over the entire system bandwidth, and a 2-bit differential CQI for each subband relative to it. Our analysis incorporates co-channel interference, different single-stream multi-antenna modes, and different schedulers, which cover a wide range of the tradeoff between the throughput and user fairness. It brings out several insights such as the increase in the throughput as the correlation between subbands increases and how differential feedback reduces the overhead significantly while only marginally reducing the throughput.
Current mode control of a full bridge DC-to-DC converter with a two inductor rectifier (2002)

In this paper, both peak current mode and average current mode control schemes are investigated as applied to a full bridge PWM converter with a two inductor rectifier. The two inductor rectifier circuit offers reduced secondary side current rating and is most suitable for high current applications. With current mode control, the two inductor rectifier is modeled as two parallel connected buck converters.
San Francisco performance: A case study in performance for large-scale Java applications (2000)

This is a study of the performance progress of the SanFrancisco™ project from the time the decision was made to base it on the Java™ language up to the time SanFrancisco applications were successfully deployed in the marketplace—from February 1997 until late 1999. We document the challenges, decisions, and technologies that were encountered during the three-year development period that saw performance improve by orders of magnitude. Key areas that allowed us to achieve this improvement were intelligent object caching, improved object access strategies, use of commands (function shipping), efficient mapping of objects to the underlying database, appropriate usage of Java, programmer education, and acquiring (or building) needed tools. We also discuss several areas where challenges remain and more progress is needed.
Role of positron emission tomography and bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of bone involvement in metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: specific implications for succinate dehydrogenase enzyme subunit B gene mutations (2008)

We performed a retrospective analysis of 71 subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (30 subjects with mutation of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme subunit B (SDHB) gene and 41 subjects without SDHB mutation). Sixty-nine percent presented with bone metastases (SDHB +/-: 77% vs 63%), 39% with liver metastases (SDHB +/-: 27% vs 47%), and 32% with lung metastases (SDHB +/-: 37% vs 29%). The most common sites of bone involvement were thoracic spine (80%; SDHB+/-: 83% vs 77%), lumbar spine (78%; SDHB +/-: 78% vs 75%), and pelvic and sacral bones (78%; SDHB +/-: 91% vs 65%, P=0.04). Subjects with SDHB mutation also showed significantly higher involvement of long bones (SDHB +/-: 78% vs 30%, P=0.007) than those without the mutation. The best overall sensitivity in detecting bone metastases demonstrated positron emission tomography (PET) with 6-[(18)F]-fluorodopamine ([(18)F]-FDA; 90%), followed by bone scintigraphy (82%), computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI; 78%), 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG) PET (76%), and scintigraphy with [(123/131)I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine (71%). In subjects with SDHB mutation, imaging modalities with best sensitivities for detecting bone metastases were CT/MRI (96%), bone scintigraphy (95%), and [(18)F]-FDG PET (92%). In subjects without SDHB mutations, the modality with the best sensitivity for bone metastases was [(18)F]-FDA PET (100%). In conclusion, bone scintigraphy should be used in the staging of patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, particularly in patients with SDHB mutations. As for PET imaging, [(18)F]-FDG PET is highly recommended in SDHB mutation patients, whereas [(18)F]-FDA PET is recommended in patients without the mutation.
Early mortality and the retinoic acid syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukemia: impact of leukocytosis, low-dose chemotherapy, PMN/RAR-alpha isoform, and CD13 expression in patients treated with all-trans retinoic acid (1994)

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) has proven a major advance in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the proper management of patients who present with or develop leukocytosis during remission induction with all-trans RA is not established, nor is there a clear relation between leukocytosis and the development of the retinoic acid syndrome. We reviewed the course of our patients who underwent induction with all-trans RA to identify potential factors that might predict for the development of this syndrome and to identify which patients, if any, might specifically benefit from additional treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Seventy-eight courses of all- trans RA therapy were administered to patients with a molecular diagnosis of APL. Initial and peak leukocyte counts, their rate of rise, leukocyte count criteria developed in Europe, and cell surface marker expression were all analyzed relative to subsequent development of both the RA syndrome as well as all causes of early mortality. The outcome of patients who received specific treatment for retinoid- induced leukocytosis was also examined. No factor was found to consistently predict for the development of the RA syndrome. Although the occurrence of the syndrome was positively associated with the peak value of the peripheral blood leukocyte count (P = .001), neither the initial leukocyte count nor the rate of rise in leukocyte counts on days preceding onset of the syndrome were sufficiently well-correlated to be clinically useful (P = .21). The leukocyte count criteria developed in Europe had a sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 69%, and a positive predictive value that ranged from only 44% to 72%. However, we unexpectedly found that basal expression of CD13 (aminopeptidase N), a cell surface enzyme previously linked to tumor cell invasion and an inferior outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, was highly associated with both development of the syndrome (P < .05) as well as an elevated leukocyte count (P = .006). Neither low-dose chemotherapy nor leukapheresis prevented development of the syndrome nor ameliorated its effects. In fact, 9 of 11 patients who received these interventions sustained fatal or near-fatal events, most of which were due to hemorrhage. However, early treatment with a short-course of high-dose corticosteroids halted progression of the syndrome in most cases. Finally, we found that expression of the type “A” isoform of PML/RAR- alpha (also known as bcr3 or “short”) was associated with a significantly shorter duration of relapse-free and overall survival (P = .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Association of Autosomal Dominant Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2015)

We present an 8-month-old boy with severe retinal detachment from familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FZD4 exon 1 deletion). He was subsequently diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy with SMN1 deletion. β-catenin signaling is dysregulated in both disorders, so we hypothesize that the co-occurrence may have exacerbated the vitreoretinal phenotype.
On the geometrical representation and interconnection of infinite dimensional port controlled Hamiltonian systems (2006)

This contribution is dedicated to the geometrical representation of infinite dimensional port controlled Hamiltonian systems. After an introduction of the used mathematical framework, a review on a well established geometrical representation of finite dimensional port controlled Hamiltonian systems is given. These results are in the subsequent analysis extended to the infinite dimensional case. After that the interconnection properties of the proposed description is under investigation. Additionally the developed theory is applied to the derivation of a PCH representation of a membrane interconnected with a string. Finally some concluding remarks are given and future interests are defined.
There’s a GAP in the ENTH domain (2006)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
U.S. Steel Homestead Works, Along Monongahela River, north of Eighth Avenue, Homestead, Allegheny County, PA (1901)

Significance: Established in 1879, Homestead Works is one of six plants (Homestead, Edgar Thomson, Duquesne, Irvin, National and Clairton) which, until the collapse in 1982, comprised U.S. Steel's Mon Valley works. In 1883, Andrew Carnegie acquired the works and transformed Homestead from a Bessemer rail mill to a highly mechanized, fully integrated heavy products mill. Open Hearth No. 1 was the first facility for large scale commercial production of basic open hearth steel in the country. Homestead rivaled all other mills in structural steel production during the late-nineteenth-century. The armor forging plant at Homestead played a central role in the development of American sea power and the American military-industrial complex. Homestead was a leader in the use of machinery such as hydraulic and electric cranes to reduce labor and increase production tonnage. In 1901, Homestead, along with the rest of Carnegie Steel, was absorbed by the United States Steel Corporation in a consolidation of the steel industry. Expansion to meet the production demands of World War I and World War II generated important periods of change at Homestead. Also, during the 1920s U.S. Steel modernized Homestead's structural mills in an effort to stay competitive with Bethlehem Steel. Postwar technical developments at the Homestead Works included the commercial development of high-strength alloy steel plate. After the Korean War, the forge division tooled up to produce nuclear containment vessels and electric generator shafts. As a group, the structures and steel-making equipment from Homestead Works represented one of the nation's most important steel mills and the Mon Valley's status as the pre-eminent iron and steel center in the United States for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N359 
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N761 
Survey number: HAER PA-200 
Building/structure dates: 1879 Initial Construction 
Building/structure dates: 1883 Subsequent Work 
Building/structure dates: 1895- 1899 Subsequent Work 
Building/structure dates: 1917 Subsequent Work 
Building/structure dates: 1926 Subsequent Work 
Building/structure dates: 1941- 1944 Subsequent Work 
Building/structure dates: 1990-1993 Demolished
Comportement de l'aluminium dans l'eau oxygénée concentrée (1969)

Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of aluminium in concentrated hydrogen peroxide has been studied by measuring the electrode potentials and the “corrodance”, i.e. the inverse of polarization resistance. Electrode potentials are very affected by the presence of chloride and nitrate whereas “corrodance” determination is a convenient method for the rapid measurement of the very low corrosion rate of aluminium in hydrogen peroxide.
STRUCTURAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ZIRCONIA THIN FILMS (2001)

Thermal properties of thin films are involved in a large number of applications such as electronic and electrooptical devices, or thermal barrier coating. It is known that the structure and the microstructure of thin solid films have a strong influence on the thermal conductivity, which may be considerably lower than for bulk materials. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of structure and microstructure on the thermal conductivity of ZrO 2 thin films (stabilized with Y 2 O 3 or not). Investigations have focused on the influence of film thickness, substrate roughness, and crystallites size on the thermal properties of dielectric thin film samples. For this purpose, a new photothermal method has been developed to measure the thermal conductivity of such films on various kind of substrates with an accuracy better than 10%. It has been observed that a decrease in the dielectric thickness leads to a drastic drop of the apparent thermal conductivity, k a , whatever the ZrO 2 phase is. k a is affected by an additional thermal resistance, R fs , especially between ZrO 2 and alumina substrate. This resistance R fs varies linearly with the substrate roughness. Finally, the influence of crystallite size and grain boundaries on k a have been shown.
Efficacy of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in experimental colitis (1996)

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with mucosal neutrophil recruitment and activatation, mediated in part by arachidonic acid metabolites. G-CSF attenuates the immune response to sepsis and ameliorates glycogen storage disease Ib-related colitis. These actions may be effected through the shedding of neutrophil adhesion molecules, or inhibition of proinflammatory mediator synthesis. Immune complex colitis was used to evaluate the effect of rhG-CSF on colonic mucosal inflammation, neutrophil recruitment and the generation of eicosanoids. Immune complex colitis was induced in White New Zealand rabbits. Animals were pretreated with rhG-CSF either 24 h before induction, or at induction, with dosages of 50 and 200 micrograms/kg. rhG-CSF caused a time- and dose-dependent neutrophilia in all animals. Pretreatment with rhG-CSF resulted in increased tissue myeloperoxidase levels, despite a histologically similar mucosal polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate between treated and control colitis groups. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) dialysis fluid levels were lower in treated animals, in particular in the groups receiving two doses (LTB4: both P < 0.01; TXB2: both P < 0.01. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in dialysis fluid of the rhG-CSF-treated animals showed no difference from controls. In this model of experimental colitis, high-dose therapy with G-CSF resulted in a marked decrease of proinflammatory mediators, but mucosal generation of the protective PGE2 was preserved. These results suggest that prolonged high-dose therapy with G-CSF may have anti-inflammatory effects in colitis.
The formation of deposits from oil under conditions pertinent to diesel engine pistons (1985)

Abstract The production of deposits from oil on various materials has been studied under conditions pertinent to the ring zone of a diesel engine piston. Deposition is found to occur only as a result of oxidation, and metal catalysed free radical reactions in the liquid phase appear to be responsible for the problem. Metal species removed from the surface are the most active promoters and these may be deactivated by heavy deposition (encapsulation) or by the addition of deactivating complexing agents.