gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Fitness, Body Mass Index andRisk of Injury During Army Basic Combat Training (2004)

2109 Army trainees and soldiers must meet speci. ed standards of physical fitness, height and weight to remain in the Army. Research also shows that low levels of physical fitness are associated with greater risks of incurring injuries during training. PURPOSE: To determine if assessment of aerobic fitness (run-times) and body mass index (BMI) provide greater predictability of injuries than either alone. METHODS: Prospectively collected demographic, physical fitness and injury data from 6 battalions of male (n = 2,945) and female (n = 2080) Army trainees were analyzed to determine the association of injury incidence during basic combat training with quartiles (Qs) of two-mile run times stratified on BMI. RESULTS: Male trainees exhibited a significant trend of increasing injury incidence with successively slower run times, but no association with BMI. However, when the analysis of run-time was stratified by level of BMI, the leanest and slowest runners were at the greatest relative risk (RR) of injury compared to the leanest and fastest group (see table for % injured, RRs and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)).TableWomen in Army BCT exhibited a similar and even more pronounced pattern with the leanest, slowest women at the highest risk of injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data on Army trainees suggest that the leanest and least fit young men and women may be at greater risk of injury when initiating an intensive physical training or exercise program than even their more overweight peers.
An estimation method of Li-ion battery impedance using z-transform (2012)

An estimation method of circuit parameters of a Lithium-ion battery model is proposed in this paper. The model consists of a DC voltage source and an internal impedance. The proposed method gives the circuit parameters from a measured voltage and current waveforms during its operation. The internal voltage is a function of the State Of Charge (SOC). The internal impedance can be expressed by a resistor, which expresses the voltage drop in a high frequency region, and some RC parallel circuits, which express the transient characteristic of the battery. Their parameters are estimated from the impedance in z-domain. The proposed method gives satisfactory accurate parameters without initial values. The accuracy of the proposed method is confirmed by a comparison with the measured transient characteristic of a battery.
Multimode excitations for complex multifunctional logic device (2019)

Abstract The simplicity and prospect of energy efficiency of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator-based computing devices have captivated considerable research interest in recent years. Hence, they are being explored for ultra-low power computing machines, which are currently needed for internet-of-things (IoT) applications. Recently, there have been successful demonstrations of fundamental logic gates. However, the realization of complex multifunctional logic devices that involve multi-input and multi-output lines are facing challenges, such as the interconnections between multiple resonators and the limited controllability of the operating frequency. In this study, we demonstrate a 1:2 Demux combinational logic device with improved energy efficiency using the multi vibration modes of a single MEMS resonator. The MEMS device consists of three connected in-plane microbeams in the form of a U-shape structure. The actuation and modulation are based on electrostatic forces. The device shows actuation energy of 0.082 fJ and 0.91 fJ for output 1 and output 2, respectively, and switching energy per logic operation of 11.01 pJ for output 1 and 5.31 pJ for output 2. This indicates 75% decrease in switching energy per logic operation in comparison with the previously reported values for electrostatically actuated MEMS resonator-based computing devices.
Neuronal circuits modulate antigen flow through lymph nodes (IRC11P.420) (2015)

Abstract Initial exposure to an antigen, by infection or vaccination, is a critical step in developing protection against subsequent infection. Antigen injected into the dorsum of the mouse hind foot flows to the popliteal lymph node, then to the sciatic lymph node, through the lymphatics and eventually reaching the blood stream. In mice immunized to Keyhole-Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), flow of IrDye-labeled KLH was restricted through the popliteal and sciatic lymph nodes. Imaging one hour after antigen administration revealed a significant decrease in sciatic and popliteal KLH levels in immunized mice compared to naïve animals (antigen signal in naïve 0.75 ± 0.15 vs sensitized 0.23 ± 0.11, p&lt;0.05). Flow cytometric analysis of lymph node cellular populations revealed that antigen was associated mainly with a CD21+CD23+ mature subset of B-cells (51.9 ± 1.6% of total antigen positive cells)). Blocking neuronal activity with bupivacaine at the lymph nodes of immunized animals resulted in restoration of antigen flow, with an increase in antigen signal (control 0.27 ± 0.016 vs bupivacaine 0.38 ± 0.037, p&lt;0.05). Conversely, direct activation of neuronal signals by noninvasive magnetic stimulation resulted in a significant decrease of antigen trafficking compared to sham controls (sham 1.39 ± 0.18 vs stimulated 0.47 ± 0.11, p&lt;0.001). Taken together, these studies reveal a neuronal circuit that modulates antigen trafficking through a pathway involving a mature subset of B-cells.
Reaktive E=C(p-p)π-Systeme, XLIII [1] Darstellung und Charakterisierung P-Phosphino- oder P-Arsino-substituierter Fluorphosphaalkene des Typs R<sub>2</sub>E-P=C(F)NEt<sub>2</sub> (R = Me, CF<sub>3</sub>, Me<sub>2</sub>N; E = P, As) / Reactive E=C(p-p)-π Systems XLIII [1] Synthesis and Characterization of P-Phosphino or P-Arsino Substituted Fluorophosphaalkenes of the Type R<sub>2</sub>E-P=C(F)NEt<sub>2</sub> (R= Me, CF<sub>3</sub>, Me<sub>2</sub>N; E = P As) (1996)

Abstract The easily accessible phosphaalkene HP=C(F)NEt 2 (lb) reacts with halophosphanes or -arsanes R 2 EX (X = Cl, I) in the presence of NEt 3 to give P-phosphino- or -P-arsino substituted fluorophosphaalkenes of the type RiE-P=C(F)NEti (2 - 6) in high yields (60 - 85 %) [R 2 E: (CF 3 ) 2 P (2), Me 2 N(CF 3 )P (3), Me 2 P (4), (CF 3 ) 2 As (5), Me 2 As (6)]. The analogous reaction of ib with CF 3 PI 2 (molar ratio 1:2) unexpectedly leads to the triphosphetene Et 2 N - C=P-PCF 3 -PCF 3 (7). The stability of compounds 2 - 6 as a function of R 2 E decreases from As to P and from CF 3 to Me, respectively. Compounds 2 - 6 generally show the Z-configuration and have been characterized by thorough spectroscopic investigations (MS,IR; 1 H, 19 F, 11 C, 31 PNMR). A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of 2 proves the π-type interaction of the nitrogen lone pair with the P=C bond thus enhancing the stability of the system and the PP bond order
Potential histamine H2-receptor blockers. 3- and 2-Indole derivatives as immobile analogs of tautomeric forms of cimetidine (1981)

At physiological pH, cimetidine (1a) and its analogues burimamide (1b) and metiamide (1c) exist mainly as an equilibrium mixture of tautomers. A high concentration of tautomer 2 is associated with increased H2-receptor interaction. 3-Indole derivatives (5c-f) and 2-indole derivatives (6c-f) were synthesized and tested as immobile analogues of tautomers 2 and 3, respectively. Weak competitive H2 antagonism was found in N'-cyano-N-[2-[(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)thio]ethyl]carbamidothioic acid methyl ester (5e) and N-[2-[(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl)thio]-ethyl]-N'-methylthiourea (6c).
Modification of the Cardiovascular Effects of Ephedrine by the Reversible Monoamine Oxidase A-Inhibitor Moclobemide (1996)

Irreversible, nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have been reported adversely to interact with indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines present in many cough and cold medicines. This study investigated the safety and tolerability of concomitant administration to 12 healthy subjects of both genders (aged 19-36 years) of ephedrine and moclobemide, a reversible MAO-A inhibitor. A 2-day, randomized, crossover administration of placebo or ephedrine (two doses of 50 mg with a 4-h interval) was followed by 9 days open-label dosing with moclobemide, 300 mg b.i.d.. On the last 2 days of moclobemide dosing, the randomized crossover treatment of ephedrine and placebo was repeated. No subject was withdrawn from the study for tolerability reasons. Moclobemide treatment, however, increased the incidence of adverse events elicited by ephedrine, particularly palpitations and headache. The pharmacodynamic interaction between the two drugs was quantified by calculation of the area under the effect-time course (AUE) for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). The difference in AUE between monotreatment with ephedrine and placebo was statistically significant for all three vital signs. Moclobemide potentiated the effect of ephedrine by a median factor of 3.2 for SBP, 3.8 for DBP, and 0.6 for HR. Ephedrine had no significant influence on the plasma concentrations of moclobemide or its metabolites. In conclusion, the combined use of moclobemide and high doses of sympathomimetic drugs should be approached with caution.
Acoustical Problems of the Stratford (Ontario) Permanent Shakespearean Theater (1956)

After three very successful years, the authorities of the Stratford (Ontario) Shakespearean Festival are planning to replace the unique theater tent with a permanent structure. The Festival's original home is an interesting mixture of Greek amphitheatre, Elizabethan stage, and present-day circus tent, and the new building will retain nearly all of these features, including a seating capacity of around 2000. With no proscenium arch, an “acting angle” of over 180°, circular banks of seats centered on the middle of the stage, and a small gallery, the new design presents a number of interesting and unusual acoustical problems, such as ensuring high intelligibility in sections of the audience on which an actor has turned his back. The location of an orchestra of reasonable size so that it will not interfere with the pageantry of the productions is also a matter of some difficulty. This paper details the solutions proposed for the building which is scheduled for completion before the 1957 Festival Season. It is hoped that a later paper may discuss the results achieved.
Development of capacitance type micro encoder (2002)

Micro sensors are key devices for developing miniature sized micromachines which are topically required to be developed. In this paper, micro rotary and linear encoders using electrical capacitance and a signal processing circuit for the encoders are proposed. Capacitance change occurs according to the rotation of two micro discs whose surfaces are patterned by metal thin film. This type of micro encoder has the advantages of 1) easy micronization by using sputtering method and photolithography, 2) robust against electrical noise, 3) without temperature compensation. Trial productions were made and the characteristics were tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INTRODUCTION (1988)

The Lister Symposium was held primarily to review the latest concepts of the mechanisms of bacterial infections, and to highlight the research being carried out currently in Toronto and in Canada. The inclusion of several speakers from outside of Toronto added a strong foundation for the meeting.A wide range of topics were addressed and these demonstrated the many areas of research being pursued to better understand the pathogenesis of microbial infections. By drawing together physicians, scientists, and students from a variety of disciplines, it was hoped that the Lister Symposium would contribute, not only to our knowledge of medicine and science in this field, but also to the continued local and national cooperation required for first-class investigative research.This meeting was the first of its kind held under the auspices of the Department of Surgery at the University of Toronto, demonstrating its commitment to research and interdepartmental collaboration. We are most grateful to Professor Bernard Langer, Chairman of the Department of Surgery, for his support in this regard. The assistance of our sponsors and the Continuing Medical Education Office facilitated a wide outreach and enabled recognition of the course and accreditation for Canadian and American Medical participants. It is hoped that this material will provide a useful reference for future developments in the field.
Zur elektrokinetischen Sanierung arsenkontaminierter Böden im Land Brandenburg (2002)

Das Grundstück der Technischen Fachhochschule Wildau, Standort Friedrich-Engels-Straße, und anrainende Grundstücke sind ein alter ehemaliger chemischer Industriestandort, auf dem schon vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg chemische Produkte hergestellt wurden. Die oberirdischen Anlagen sind bis auf wenige Gebäude nicht mehr vorhanden. Unterirdisch sind dagegen noch einige Lager- und Leitungselemente und eine erhebliche Abraummenge vorzufinden, die ein gewisses umweltrelevantes Gefährdungspotenzial darstellen.
Stimulation of Release and Synthesis of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in Tissue Cultures of Rat Pituitaries in Response to Natural and Synthetic LH and FSH Releasing Hormone* (1972)

Addition of nanogram amounts of highly purified or pure porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, once daily for 5 days to female rat anterior pituitary cultures, significantly increased the release of both LH and FSH. LH release appeared to be linearly related to the log-dose of LH-RH/FSHRH over the range of S-40 ng/ml/day. Total content of LH and of FSH in stimulated tissue and medium exceeded that of controls as measured by radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH. Synthetic LH-RH/FSH-RH also stimulated the release and synthesis of both LH and FSH in rat anterior pituitary cultures. This indicates that both LH and FSH releasing activities are intrinsic to the same molecule. When anterior pituitary tissue was incubated with tritiated glucosamine in the presence of porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, there was a significant incorporation of radioactivity into the LH found in the incubation medium. These data indicate that de novo synthesis, as well as release of LH, occurred in tissue stimulated with porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH. (Endocrinology90: 764, 1972)
Getting better signals out of the brain: decoding algorithms and autonomous electrodes (2006)

Summary form only given. This talk summarized our efforts to develop new technologies whose aim is to improve the quality and quantity of the information derived from extracellular recordings. This work is motivated by ongoing activities at Caltech to develop neural prostheses based on the brain's parietal reach region (PRR). The talk first reviewed our progress towards developing a functioning neural prosthesis in order to motivate the need to develop long-lasting chronic interfaces between electrodes and neurons. The second half of the talk focuses on our efforts to develop a new class of "movable" electrodes that autonomously isolate a neural cell so as to optimize the recorded signal quality, and then maintain optimal signal quality using feedback. Such devices are likely to improve the reliability and robustness of future chronic neural prosthetic systems. We also summarized current research in neural decoding algorithms, whose aim is to extract the maximum information content from the recorded signals.
High resolution infrared absorption spectra of BCl3 and BCl2F dissolved in solid argon and solid krypton (1980)

High-resolution (≈0.035 cm−1) infrared absorption spectra of BCl3 and BCl2F dissolved in solid argon and krypton have been obtained. The solids were grown from liquid solutions, were 1.4 cm thick, and were reasonably clear optically. The ν2, ν3, ν1+ν4, ν3+ν4, ν1 +ν3, and 2ν3 bands of BCl3 were found, and the positions of the ν1 and ν4 bands of BCl2F were inferred. An observed perturbation of the ν2 band of 10BCl3 is explained by invoking a lattice-induced distortion of BCl3 from planarity. The observed spectral lines are very narrow, so the absorption bands of different boron and chlorine isotopomers are well resolved. The observed full spectral width of the absorption lines at half maximum absorbance is &lt;0.04 cm−1 for the ν2 lines of BCl3 and ∼0.08 cm−1 for the other fundamentals. The wave number ṽ of a given line depends on solid solvent and on temperature T; dṽ/dT is within the range 0.014⩽dṽ /dT⩽0.09 cm−1/°C for all bands. Anharmonicities and harmonic frequencies have been obtained from the data, and the anharmonicity constants lie between −1.8 and 0.8 cm−1. Energies have been estimated for the first excited states of the ν1 and ν4 modes of BCl3 and also for the A′1 and A′2 levels of the v3=v4=1 state of BCl3. The usual theory of harmonic oscillators having D3h symmetry does not adequately describe the ν3 and ν4 band positions and isotopic splittings.
The Coaxial Scanner In A Compact High Performance Thermal Imager (1990)

The development of a compact, low cost, high performance thermal imager is described. This imager is based on a novel coaxial scanning technique designed at RSRE. The paper reviews the essential design requirements for thermal imagers. These include the avoidance of Vignetting and pupil wander in the scanning elements and objective lenses, and the maximising of detector cold shielding. These aims are met by (a) choice of array technology, as exemplified in the UK development of SPRITE IR detectors, (b) use of either the pupil relay optics (as in the UK TICM II Scanner) or the alternative coincident pupils (as in the coaxial scanner). The optical design of the scanner and its implementation in hardware are given along with details of the telescopes, detectors and electronic modules used in the coaxial imager. Direct View and TV compatible outputs are discussed. The paper concludes with examples of the imager in various military applications including RPV's, airborne pods, helicopters and land based sights. Examples of the imagery obtained and the thermal performance of the imager are also described.
Observational Reinforcement Learning (2009)

We introduce an extension to standard reinforcement learning setting called observational RL (ORL) where additional observational information is available to the agent. This allows the agent to learn the system dynamics with fewer data samples, which is an essential feature for practical applications of RL methods. We show that ORL can be formulated as a multitask learning problem. A similarity-based and a component-based multitask learning methods are proposed for learning the transition probabilities of the ORL problem. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated in experiments of grid world.
From fluorescence quenching by metal nanoparticles to enhanced spectroscopic detection in microfluidic volumes (2012)

International audience
Modeling Linear Free Radical Copolymerization by Digital Encoding (2005)

Copolymer chains are characterized by chain length, chain composition, and sequence length distributions. Despite the wealth of information these distributions provide, they are incapable of determining the microstructure and concentration of individual chain types along the conversion path at the level of “polymeric isomers”, which are chains of same length and composition but have different monomeric sequences. This work is intended to develop the mathematical equations of “digital encoding of polymer chains”, which is a technique that encapsulates all the information about polymer chain architecture in a unique descriptive manner and is capable of determining the concentrations of all polymer chain types and their isomers. Two types of histograms can be generated: the encoded sequence length distribution (SLD) and the chain type distribution (CTD), which enable a specific visualization of results.
New World Monkey <i>Aotus nancymae</i> as a Model for <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Infection and Immunity (2005)

Three groups of six monkeys (Aotus nancymae) each were inoculated intragastrically with increasing doses of Campylobacter jejuni. Infection resulted in fecal colonization (100% of monkeys), dose-related diarrhea, and robust immune responses. Colonization duration and diarrhea rate were reduced upon secondary challenge. A. nancymae may be useful for studying anti-Campylobacter vaccine efficacy.
Programming with visual expressions (2002)

The lambda calculus is a formal symbolic term rewriting system that has been used for many years both as a mechanism for defining the semantics of programming languages and as the basis for functional programming languages. In this paper, we describe a completely visual representation for lambda expressions, VEX (Visual EXpressions), that has several advantages over traditional textual lambda calculus. Although VEX is designed as an expression-oriented component of VIPR (VIsual PRogramming language), it can also be used in teaching the concepts of the lambda calculus as a replacement for or augmentation to the teaching of traditional textual rewrite rules. Many semantic issues in the lambda calculus that are confusing to students, including substitution, free variables and binding, become apparent and explicit in VEX.
Phase-optimized K-SVD for signal extraction from underdetermined multichannel sparse mixtures (2015)

We propose a novel sparse representation for heavily underdetermined multichannel sound mixtures, i.e., with much more sources than microphones. The proposed approach operates in the complex Fourier domain, thus preserving spatial characteristics carried by phase differences. We derive a generalization of K-SVD which jointly estimates a dictionary capturing both spectral and spatial features, a sparse activation matrix, and all instantaneous source phases from a set of signal examples. This dictionary can be used to extract the learned signal from a new input mixture. The method is applied to the challenging problem of ego-noise reduction for robot audition. We demonstrate its superiority relative to conventional dictionary-based techniques using real-room recordings.
Prediction of Flory–Huggins interaction parameters from intrinsic viscosities (1982)

Abstract Previous articles from this laboratory have described a model for predicting the second virial coefficient of a polymer solution given the polymer molecular weight and its intrinsic viscosity in the particular solvent. The same theory is used in this report to calculate values of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ. The method is different in that χ is obtained through manipulation of simulated exprimental data in exactly the same way as in an actual experiment. Agreement between estimated χ values and those obtained at infinite dilutions from membrane osmometry or light scattering is within 2%, on the average. The model accounts for the molecular weight dependence of χ.
Dynamics of pulsed laser ablation for thin film growth (2002)

Fast imaging and sensitive spectroscopic investigations of laser ablation plume propagation reveal fundamental collisional phenomena relevant to film growth by pulsed laser deposition and optimized cluster growth via laser vaporization. Two phenomena will be described. The first involves the splitting of the ablation plume into distinct high and low energy components as a weak shock front forms during ablation into a low-density background gas. The second involves the dynamics of graphite ablation for vacuum deposition of tetrahedrally coordinated amorphous diamond films.
Characterization of human platelet binding of recombinant T cell receptor ligand (2010)

Platelets, well-known regulators of hemostasis and thrombosis, have been implicated in playing a major role in inflammation and immunity. This study provides the first evidence that blood platelets express a functional RTL-receptor with a putative role in modulating pathways of neuroinflammation.