gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (−)‐(<i>Z</i>)‐Deoxypukalide (2008)

Closing the deal: A ring-closing metathesis (RCM)/aromatization protocol, followed by a regioselective Negishi cross-coupling reaction and macrolactonization, with subsequent RCM mediate the synthesis of (−)-(Z)-deoxypukalide in 12 linear steps and 15 % overall yield (see retrosynthesis; TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl, TIPS=triisopropylsilyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802703_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
etop (2007)

A broad range of embedded networked sensor (ENS) systems for critical environmental monitoring applications now require complex, high peak power dissipating sensor devices, as well as on-demand high performance computing and high bandwidth communication. Embedded computing demands for these new platforms include support for computationally intensive image and signal processing as well as optimization and statistical computing. To meet these new requirements while maintaining critical support for low energy operation, a new multiprocessor node hardware and software architecture, Low Power Energy Aware Processing (LEAP), has been developed. The LEAP architecture integrates fine-grained energy dissipation monitoring and sophisticated power control scheduling for all subsystems including sensor subsystems. The LEAP2 platform is a second generation LEAP system with even higher resolution energy monitoring as well as the unique ability to do per process and per application energy profiling via a dedicated high performance ASIC. Our demonstration will highlight this profiling capability through a custom monitoring application named etop.
Recent developments in heat transfer and porous media (1998)

The paper describes some of the recent development made in finite element methods in heat transfer in our research group in Swansea. The paper is split into two sections: numerical optimisation and heat and mass transfer. The numerical optimisation section reports the results of two lines of enquiry, one based on the metal-mould interface coefficient and one based on casting and feeder shape, both driven by a desire to improve our ability to simulate casting. The second section describes recent improvements to models used to simulate the movement of heat, fluid and pollutants through deforming porous media, aimed at modelling the contamination of groundwater by petroleum hydrocarbons. Examples are given of simulations of all three areas of research.
Esterases, Phosphatases, and Protein Patterns of Ditylenchus Triformis and Panagrellus Redivivus 1) (1966)

Specific and distinct phosphatases, esterases, and protein patterns were demonstrated by disc electrophoresis in acrylamide gel using whole body homogenates of the nematodes, Ditylenchus triformis and Panagrellus redivivus. Homogenates of P. redivivus contained at least 20 different proteins, 8 of which exhibited esterase, and 5 acid phosphatase activity. Four esterases, 4 acid phosphatases, and at least 16 distinct proteins were indentified in homogenates of D. triformis. No alkaline phosphatases were detected in either species.
Optimal projection for multidimensional signal detection (2003)

The author derives the projection method which maximises the probability of signal detection for a fixed probability of false alarm. Samples containing signal plus noise and noise alone are assumed to have independent, identically distributed distributions, but are otherwise arbitrary. Only one sample in the set of samples projected onto a single sample may contain the signal. Performance of the optimal projection technique is compared with two simpler techniques-maximum value projection and summation projection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
eggNOG v3.0: orthologous groups covering 1133 organisms at 41 different taxonomic ranges (2011)

Orthologous relationships form the basis of most comparative genomic and metagenomic studies and are essential for proper phylogenetic and functional analyses. The third version of the eggNOG database (http://eggnog.embl.de) contains non-supervised orthologous groups constructed from 1133 organisms, doubling the number of genes with orthology assignment compared to eggNOG v2. The new release is the result of a number of improvements and expansions: (i) the underlying homology searches are now based on the SIMAP database; (ii) the orthologous groups have been extended to 41 levels of selected taxonomic ranges enabling much more fine-grained orthology assignments; and (iii) the newly designed web page is considerably faster with more functionality. In total, eggNOG v3 contains 721,801 orthologous groups, encompassing a total of 4,396,591 genes. Additionally, we updated 4873 and 4850 original COGs and KOGs, respectively, to include all 1133 organisms. At the universal level, covering all three domains of life, 101,208 orthologous groups are available, while the others are applicable at 40 more limited taxonomic ranges. Each group is amended by multiple sequence alignments and maximum-likelihood trees and broad functional descriptions are provided for 450,904 orthologous groups (62.5%).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOKONTROLLIERTE TOTALSYNTH. VON D,L‐GIBBERELLIN A15 (1970)

Abstract Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (V), ausgehend vom Keton (I), in über 40 Stufen über die Zwischenverbindungen (II), (III) und (IV) wird beschrieben.
Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: a retrospective analysis of recidivism, survival and risk factors predisposing to alcohol relapse. (2013)

The presence of a first degree relative with alcohol abuse is a valuable pre-transplant variable evaluating an ALD patient's eligibility for liver transplantation. Other variables are also helpful to outline the broader context of the drinking behavior of the patient.
Characterization of an in-vitro laser thrombolysis model (2001)

Laser thrombolysis (LT) is under investigation as a safe and rapid therapy for arterial recanalization in acute embolic stroke. Clot formation is a complex process affected by many factors that lead to differences in strength and hemoglobin concentration between samples formed from whole blood. The strength of thrombus formed in vivo also varies with age. We have developed a reproducible and clinically relevant reconstituted clot model for the in vitro assessment of a laser thrombolysis system. Laser thrombolysis experiments were performed using a 577 nm 1 microsecond(s) ec pulsed dye laser at an energy of approximately 25 mJ and a repetition rate of 4 Hz. Laser ablation, tensile strength, scanning electron microscopic, and histological comparisons are made with other in vitro clot models. We have found that the tensile strength of this clot model is directly proportional to the fibrinogen concentration. Laser ablation and tensile pull test studies demonstrate that LT ablation efficiency (in (mu) g/mJ/pulse) is not significantly affected by differences in clot tensile strength. This agrees with previous studies using dye and gelatin. Our results provide support for the effective use of this laser thrombolysis system for the removal of clots of varied age and strength.
EFFECT OF BRAIN INJURY ON SOCIAL ADAPTABILITY (1976)

The study tried to clarify social adaptability of persons with brain injuries by using a long-term criminal development as a criterion. Randomly chosen 507 subjects whose open injury originated from the Second World War were followed up for about 30 years. The criminal acts commited by 29 (5.7%) of these subjects were so severe that they led to imprisonment. Criminality was not found in the subjects with fronto-temporal injuries more often than in those with injuries to the other areas. Subjects with injuries to the dominant hemisphere appeared to have more criminality than subjects with injuries to the non-dominant hemisphere. The criminal acts were often very accidental and had happened only after several decades following the head injury.
First principles investigation on energetics, structure, and mechanical properties of amorphous carbon films doped with B, N, and Cl (2019)

Amorphous carbon (a-C) films have received significant attention due to their reliable structures and superior mechanical, chemical and electronic properties, making them a strong candidate as a hard mask material. We investigated the energetics, structure, and electronic and mechanical properties of the B, N, and Cl doped a-C films based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our DFT calculated results clearly show that introducing B and N atoms into a-C films makes the bulk modulus slightly reduced as a function of the concentration increases. Interestingly, it is noted that introducing Cl atom into a-C films makes the bulk modulus is drastically reduced, which suggests that the films softened by Cl doping would relieve residual stress of the individual layers within the overall stacks in integrated semiconductor devices. These requirements become more important and increasingly more challenging to meet as the device integrity grows. In the perspective of F blocking nature, B doping into a-C films pulls in and captures the F atom due to the strong bonding nature of B‒F bond than C-F bond. Unlike the B doping, for the N doped a-C film, F atom has extremely large diffusion barrier of 4.92 eV. This large diffusion barrier is attributed to the electrostatically repulsive force between both atoms. The Cl doped a-C film shows consistently the similar results with the N doped a-C film because both N and Cl atoms have large electro-negativity, which causes F atom to push out. If one notes the optimized designing with the suitable doped characteristics, our results could provide a new straightforward strategy to tailor the a-C films with excellent mechanical and other novel physical and chemical properties.
An alternative total synthesis of (±)-scoulerine and (±)-tetrahydropalmatine (1967)

The total synthesis of (±)-scoulerine was accomplished by Mannich reaction of 1-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-6-methoxyisoquinoline, followed by debromination. Methylation of 12-bromoscoulerine and debromination of 12-bromotetrahydropalmatine afforded (±)-tetrahydropalmatine.
Optical MEMS-scale multipass white cell for onchip gas sensing (2018)

Spectroscopy-based gas sensing has become a major concern for scientists in different domains due to its diverse applications in environmental monitoring, industrial productions and healthcare applications. For sensing in a confined space, multipass optical gas cells are used to multiply the light-gas interaction length, and thus provide improved sensitivity. In this work, we propose a White-type gas cell for integration with optical MEMS systems such as tunable lasers and FTIR spectrometer. The cell is based on a confocal arrangement of curved micro mirrors. Analytical expression for the total path length is derived in terms of the cell dimensions and the maximum input angle of the light is obtained. The performance of the cell is studied using optical ray tracing for cylindrical and spherical mirrors with aperture size of 250-500 μm and different light excitation conditions. Promising results are obtained with about 2 dB insertion loss and optical path of about 4 mm that could be achieved with a cell volume of about 0.125 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Somatostatin Receptor 2 Is Activated in Cortical Neurons and Contributes to Neurodegeneration after Focal Ischemia (2004)

Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) mediates neuromodulatory signals of somatostatin and cortistatin in the cerebral cortex. Recently, SSTR2 has been shown to enhance conserved death ligand- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways in non-neuronal cells. Whether somatostatin receptors are activated in cerebrocortical neurons and contribute to neurodegeneration after experimental focal ischemia was unknown until now. Here we examined internalization of SSTR2 in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by confocal microscopy. At 3 and 6 hr after MCAO, SSTR2 was internalized excessively in cerebrocortical neurons adjacent to the infarct, which was prevented by intracerebroventricular application of the SSTR2-selective antagonist BIM-23627. SSTR2 internalization was associated with a transient depletion of somatostatin from axonal terminals and increased expression of SSTR2 mRNA. The initial loss of somatostatin was followed by an increase in somatostatin mRNA levels, whereas cortistatin mRNA expression was decreased. In SSTR2-deficient mice with lacZ under the control of the SSTR2 promoter, MCAO-induced upregulation of SSTR2 gene expression was less pronounced than in wild types. SSTR2-deficient mice exhibited a 40% reduction of infarct size after permanent distal MCAO and a 63% reduction after transient proximal MCAO. In summary, we provide direct evidence for activation of SSTR2 by an endogenous ligand after focal ischemia. Activation of functional SSTR2 receptors contributes to increased SSTR2 gene expression and postischemic neurodegeneration.
26π Aromatic Core-Modified Hexaphyrins:  Syntheses, Characterization, and Structural Diversities (2007)

Synthesis and characterization of several 26pi core-modified hexaphyrins are reported. The synthetic methodology involved a well-known acid-catalyzed MacDonald-type condensation reaction of the required tripyrrane with electron deficient pentafluorobenzaldehyde. The nature of the product and yield depends on the nature of the acid catalyst and its concentration. Dioxahexaphyrin 9 was isolated only when 0.5 equiv of TFA was used as a catalyst, while dithiahexaphyrin 10 and diselenahexaphyrin 11 were formed with TFA, PTSA, and even in the absence of catalyst. The detailed 1H and 2-D COSY as well as HSQC experiments reveal the solution structure as well as the conformational mobility of hexaphyrins. In the tetracationic state, 10 and 11 exhibit a four heterocyclic ring inverted structure, while only two completely inverted heterocyclic rings were observed for 9. The other four heterocyclic rings are only partially inverted in 9. All the hexaphyrins reported here show aromatic character inferred from large Deltadelta values (difference in chemical shift between the most shielded and the most deshielded protons). Electronic absorption spectral studies also support the conformational changes observed upon protonation.
MR-Koronarangiographie bei 3,0 Tesla im Vergleich zu 1,5 Tesla: Erste Ergebnisse bei Patienten mit V. a. koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) (2004)

Ziele: Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob 1. die navigatorgestützte 3D MR-Koronarangiographie (MRCA) bei 3,0 T durchführbar ist, 2. die Bildqualität und die diagnostische Genauigkeit in der Diagnose der KHK zu evaluieren sowie 3. diese Ergebnisse mit der MRCA bei 1,5 T zu vergleichen. Methode: Das Studienkollektiv bestand aus 18 Patienten mit klinischem V. a. KHK. Es wurde eine MRCA bei 3,0 T und 1,5 T (beide Philips, Intera) mit einer nativen Vektor-EKG getriggerten 3D k-Raum segmentierten Gradientenecho Sequenz in Navigatortechnik durchgeführt. Die Sequenz hatte sowohl bei 3,0 T als auch bei 1,5 T eine identische räumliche (0,9×0,9×1,5mm) und zeitliche Auflösung (Datenakquisitionsfenster: 72ms). Ausgewertet wurden 1. das Signal-zu-Rausch (SNR) und Kontrast-zu-Rausch (CNR) Verhältniss, 2. Bildqualität der MRCA (5-Punkte-Skala) und 3. Sensitivität und Spezifität bei der Detektion von Koronararterienstenosen (Goldstandard: Herzkatheter). Ergebnis: Bei der MRCA bei 3,0 T stieg im Vergleich zu 1,5 T das SNR für die linke Koronararterie (LCA) im Durchschnitt um 29,5% und für die rechte Koronararterie (RCA) um 31,2% (p<0,001) an. Die Messungen des CNR bei 3,0 T ergaben einen durchschnittlichen Anstieg von 21,8% für die LCA und 23,5% für die RCA im Vergleich zu 1,5 T (p<0,001). Die Evaluierungen der Bildqualität und der Sensitivität und Spezifität ergaben nahezu gleiche Werte bei beiden Feldstärken (Sensitivität und Spezifität: 82% und 89% bei 3 T sowie 82% und 88% bei 1,5 T, p>0,99). Schlussfolgerung: Qualitativ hochwertige Darstellungen der Herzkranzgefäße können mit der 3D MRCA in Navigatortechnik bei Patienten mit KHK bei 3,0 T erzielt werden. Bereits in diesem frühen Stadium der klinischen Anwendung der Hochfeld MRT sind Bildqualität und diagnostische Aussagekraft der MRCA bei 3,0 T vergleichbar mit 1,5 T. Das Signal-zu-Rausch Verhältnis ist bei 3,0 T signifikant verbessert und kann in zukünftigen Studien in eine höhere räumliche Auflösung oder eine Verkürzung der Messzeit investiert werden.
Local Strain Engineering in Atomically Thin MoS<sub>2</sub> (2013)

Controlling the bandstructure through local-strain engineering is an exciting avenue for tailoring optoelectronic properties of materials at the nanoscale. Atomically thin materials are particularly well-suited for this purpose because they can withstand extreme nonhomogeneous deformations before rupture. Here, we study the effect of large localized strain in the electronic bandstructure of atomically thin MoS2. Using photoluminescence imaging, we observe a strain-induced reduction of the direct bandgap and funneling of photogenerated excitons toward regions of higher strain. To understand these results, we develop a nonuniform tight-binding model to calculate the electronic properties of MoS2 nanolayers with complex and realistic local strain geometries, finding good agreement with our experimental results.
Single Cell Oils (2005)

Featuring recognized academic and industrial experts in this cutting-edge field, this book reviews single cell oils (SCO) currently in the market. The text mainly focuses on the production of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, Arachidonic acid, and Docosahexaenoinc acid. All chapters provide up to date references for navigating the vast amount of historic data available in the field. The authors provide real world examples of the commercial development and applications of various SCO in a variety of fields, from food ingredients and disease treatment to aquaculture and fish farming.The highlight of the book is perhaps the first chapter in which Colin Ratledge, a world renowned expert in SCO and lipid biochemistry, gives an interesting and informative overview on the history of SCO development, together with his perspectives on the future of this industry in light of competition arising from genetically modified plant oils. Zvi Cohen, a renowned expert in PUFA-producing microalgae, describes some of his metabolic studies on PUFA production and TAG biosynthesis. Chapter 10 deals with EPA-producing microalgae and some cultivation strategies for their large scale production. This chapter includes a number of tables summarizing the various organisms under investigation which I found to be of great use. Since the development of EPA single cell oils is still in its infancy, this chapter is quite helpful for researchers thinking along those lines.
ChemInform Abstract: ESI Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐FT‐ICR‐MS): A Rapid High‐Resolution Analytical Method for Combinatorial Compound Libraries. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of the Cosurfactant in the CTAB/Water/<i>n-</i>Pentanol/<i>n-</i>Hexane Water-in-Oil Microemulsion. 1. Pentanol Effect on the Microstructure (2003)

The microstructure of the quaternary water-in-oil microemulsion CTAB/water/n-pentanol/n-hexane has been investigated by means of the pulsed gradient spin−echo NMR technique over a wide range of composition. The composition of the continuous organic phase and of the interfacial phase has been determined through the analysis of the n-pentanol self-diffusion coefficient. The size of the reverse aggregates has been evaluated from the CTAB self-diffusion coefficient. The correlation of the reverse micellar size with interfacial composition has therefore been possible. Results coming from both water dilution lines and interface dilution lines have been analyzed according to suitable models. A “master plot”, i.e., a graphical representation that allows us to display the data collected at all the possible compositions of the four components system, is also proposed.
Interpretation of Pioneer 10 heliospheric Ly α glow data obtained beyond 30 AU (2005)

The Pioneer 10 (P10) Ly dataset is the only dataset that is available for the study of the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) in the downstream direction relative to the incoming interstellar neutral hydrogen flow, at very large distances from the sun. Selected P10 data obtained in 1984 and 1986 at distances between 31.81 to 32.25 and 37.29 to 37.74 AU have been used to estimate the local interstellar neutral hydrogen and proton densities. State of the art, stationary neutral-plasma and radiative transfer models have been used in the interpretation of the data. No stationary VLISM heliospheric model was found that best fitted both the P10 1984 data and the 1986 data. The failure to find a single best fit model is most probably due to the fact that the heliospheric model used here did not incorporate timedependence and interstellar magnetic field effects.
Serologic Prevalence of Antibody to Human Herpesvirus Type 8 in Patients with Various Monoclonal Gammopathies (2000)

Both viral and serologic studies have consistently shown an association of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) with Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and Castleman's disease. The presence of HHV-8 DNA in patients with myeloma has been reported by some investigators but not substantiated by others. In addition, variable results have been obtained with serologic studies for HHV-8 in patients with myeloma and certain other monoclonal gammopathies (MG). We tested 238 coded serum or plasma samples from 96 patients with various MG for antibodies to lytic and latent HHV-8 antigens by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty-four of 96 (35%) patients were positive for the lytic antibody, but none were positive for the latent antibody. Patients with kappa or lambda light chain myeloma were often positive for the lytic antibody when compared to patients with IgG or IgA myeloma (8 of 11 [73%] vs. 12 of 38 [32%], P = 0.033). The patients with light chain myeloma also were more likely to be positive when compared to patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) (4 of 15 [27%], P = 0.045) or AL amyloidosis (4 of 13 [31%], P = 0.047). Four of 9 (44%) patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) were positive. However, 4 other patients who progressed from MGUS to myeloma were negative. Subgroup analysis of MG may help clarify the role of HHV-8 in these disorders.