gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative toxicity of eight oil dispersants, Louisiana sweet crude oil (LSC), and chemically dispersed LSC to two aquatic test species (2011)

The present study describes the acute toxicity of eight commercial oil dispersants, South Louisiana sweet crude oil (LSC), and chemically dispersed LSC. The approach used consistent test methodologies within a single laboratory in assessing the relative acute toxicity of the eight dispersants, including Corexit 9500A, the predominant dispersant applied during the DeepWater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Static acute toxicity tests were performed using two Gulf of Mexico estuarine test species, the mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) and the inland silversides (Menidia beryllina). Dispersant-only test solutions were prepared with high-energy mixing, whereas water-accommodated fractions of LSC and chemically dispersed LSC were prepared with moderate energy followed by settling and testing of the aqueous phase. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for the dispersant-only tests were calculated using nominal concentrations, whereas tests conducted with LSC alone and dispersed LSC were based on measured total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. For all eight dispersants in both test species, the dispersants alone were less toxic (LC50s: 2.9 to >5,600 µl/L) than the dispersant-LSC mixtures (0.4-13 mg TPH/L). Louisiana sweet crude oil alone had generally similar toxicity to A. bahia (LC50: 2.7 mg TPH/L) and M. beryllina (LC50: 3.5 mg TPH/L) as the dispersant-LSC mixtures. The results of the present study indicate that Corexit 9500A had generally similar toxicity to other available dispersants when tested alone but was generally less toxic as a mixture with LSC.
Multi-wavelength laser active coherent combination (2012)

A seed laser oscillating at different frequencies is proved to have the potential to mitigate the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect in a fiber amplifier, which may increase the emission power of a coherent beam combination (CBC) system greatly. In this study, a basic mathematical model describing the multi-wavelength CBC is proposed on the fundamentals of CBC. A useful method for estimating the combination effect and analysing the feasibility and the validity of the multi-wavelength coherent combination is provided. In the numerical analysis, accordant results with four-wavelength four-channel CBC experiments are obtained. Through calculations of some examples with certain spectra, the unanticipated excellent combination effect with a few frequencies involved is explained, and the dependence of the combination effect on the variance of the amplifier chain length and the channel number is clarified.
Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheet–graphene nanosheet hybrid materials for stable lithium storage (2013)

A facile method to synthesize a MoS(2) nanosheet-graphene nanosheet hybrid has been developed via the combination of a lithiation-assisted exfoliation process and a hydrazine monohydrate vapour reduction technique. The as-obtained nanosheet-nanosheet hybrid is more robust and exhibits much improved cycle life (>700), which make it an efficient morphological solution to the stable lithium storage problem of nanomaterials.
Segmentation of handguns in dual energy X-ray imagery of passenger carry-on baggage (2002)

This paper considers three different methods for segmentation of the handguns from X-ray images of passenger carry-on baggage. (1) The simplest approach is a direct greylevel based segmentation in which a fixed absolute threshold and region growing are used to identify candidate regions of the image. This is a pixel-based approach which uses only the simplest region based information to validate a candidate area. It is however, computationally simple and highly reliable and robust. (2) The second method considered is the classical two label probabilistic relaxation labeling (PRL) technique. This method is a hybrid between a model-based segmentation and a pixel-based approach. (3) The third approach considered is a physical model in concert with significant line and edge determination applied on top of the PRL method. The method is computationally expensive. It may provide significant savings in later processing which will out weight the initial computational costs, however, this will require further augmentation of the object model.
On automated query modification techniques for databases (1993)

In many cases, in order to satisfy certain constraints specified in a database query, the query needs to be modified. However, users' modification is an extra burden on users and, sometimes, may not be correct when users lack knowledge about the database. In a real-time environment, users' manual modification may be too slow to make a query satisfy a given time dead-line. In this thesis, a general automated database query modification model is proposed for automatically modifying database queries with constraints. Five types of query modification constraints, namely, time constraints, error constraints, aggregate function constraints, PCF constraints and count proportionality constraints are introduced. To enable query modification to be performed automatically, two query modification protocols, namely, the use of superset/subset chains based on relation fragmentation and the use of sampling data, are specified.
Based on the two query modification protocols, a detailed query modification mechanism for enforcing time and error constraints are given. An iterative query evaluation technique is used to process nonperiodically occurring queries with time constraints. An incremental query evaluation technique is used to process periodically occurring queries with time constraints. Error removal and error estimation techniques are introduced to enforce error constraints. Finally, extending the above listed techniques into enforcing the remaining three types of constraints is briefly summarized.
In this thesis, query estimation techniques for aggregate relational algebra queries COUNT, SUM and AVERAGE are also presented. Two statistical estimators, the Jackknife estimator and the Chao's estimator, for COUNT queries with projection are used. Estimators using double sampling technique for SUM and AVERAGE queries are introduced, and new sampling plans based on systematic sampling and stratified sampling to increase the estimation accuracy are investigated. These new estimators and sampling plans are extensively used in automated query modification.
Some of the techniques and associated algorithms proposed in this thesis have been implemented in CASE-DB, which is a prototype relational database management system developed at Case Western Reserve University.
Percutaneous Absorption of Clioquinol (Vioform®) (1979)

The percutaneous absorption of clioquinol from three different preparations for skin treatment (Vioform cream, Locacorten-Vioform cream and Vioform-Hydrocortisone cream) was evaluated. After topical dosages corresponding to 30 mg clioquinol, concentrations in the blood were below the detection limit of the analytical procedure, i.e., smaller than 0.02 micrograms/ml; therefore the percutaneous absorption was evaluated by measuring cumulative urinary excretion of clioquinol and was compared to that found after an equivalent oral dose. The study was carried out in 4 healthy volunteers. The topical preparations were applied under occlusive dressings. Following epicutaneous application of the three topicals in quantities containing 30 mg clioquinol each, the urinary excretion of the drug was between 1.2 and 3.6% of the applied dose. When the same dose of clioquinol was administered orally to two volunteers, 52.4 and 92.9% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Taking the urinary elimination as the minimal amount of drug absorbed, the extent of percutaneous absorption from the three dermatological preparations amounted to 1.2-3.6% of the applied dose. There was no difference in the pattern of urinary excretion products among the three topicals and the oral formulation. The bulk of clioquinol was excreted as glucuronide (mean: 96 +/- 3%) and only a small fraction was excreted as sulfate (mean: 3.8 +/- 3%). A small amount of free clioquinol (1.1%) was measured in 1 subject only after the oral dose.
Thailandepsin A (2011)

THAILANDEPSIN A [SYSTEMATIC NAME: (E)-(1S,5S,6R,9S,20R)-6-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-5-hy-droxy-20-[2-(meth-yl-sulfan-yl)eth-yl]-2-oxa-11,12-dithia-7,19,22-triaza-bicyclo-[7.7.6]docosa-15-ene-3,8,18,21-tetra-one], C(23)H(37)N(3)O(6)S(3), is a newly reported [Wang et al. (2011). J. Nat. Prod. doi:10.1021/np200324x] bicyclic depsipeptide that has potent histone deacetyl-ase inhibitory activity and broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity. The absolute configuration of thailandepsin A has been determined from the anomalous dispersion and the stereochemistry of all chiral C atoms. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds occur. Inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the crystal structure.
Survey on Image Segmentation Techniques (2015)

Due to the advent of computer technology image-processing techniques have become increasingly important in a wide variety of applications. Image segmentation is a classic subject in the field of image processing and also is a hotspot and focus of image processing techniques. Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. Since there is no general solution to the image segmentation problem, these techniques often have to be combined with domain knowledge in order to effectively solve an image segmentation problem for a problem domain. This paper presents a comparative study of the basic Block-Based image segmentation techniques.
Comparison of alternative regression models for paired binary data (1994)

We used simulated data, derived from real ophthalmologic examples, to evaluate the performance of alternative logistic regression approaches for paired binary data. Approaches considered were: standard logistic regression (ignoring the correlation between fellow eyes, treating individuals classified on the basis of their more impaired eye as the unit of analysis, or considering only right eyes); marginal logistic regression models fitted by the maximum likelihood approach of Lipsitz, Laird and Harrington or the estimating equation approach of Liang and Zeger; and conditional logistic regression models fitted by the maximum likelihood approach of Rosner or the estimating equation approach of Connolly and Liang. Taylor series approximations were used to compare conditional and marginal parameter estimates. Consideration of type I and II error rates found application of standard logistic regression to be inferior to methods that treated the eye as the unit of analysis and accounted for the correlation between fellow eyes. Among these latter approaches, none was uniformly superior to the others across the range of condition considered.
Ad hoc association rule mining as SQL3 queries (2002)

Although there have been several encouraging attempts at developing methods for data mining using SQL, simplicity and efficiency still remain significant impediments for further development. In this paper, we propose a significantly new approach and show that any object relational database can be mined for association rules without any restructuring or preprocessing using only basic SQL3 constructs and functions, and hence no additional machinery is necessary. In particular, we show that the cost of computing association rules for a given database does not depend on support and confidence thresholds. More precisely, the set of large items can be computed using one simple join query and an aggregation once the set of all possible meets (least fixpoint) of item set patterns in the input table is known. The principal focus of this paper is to demonstrate that several SQL3 expressions exists for the mining of association rules.
Rapid adhesive bonding and field repair of aerospace materials (1985)

Adhesive bonding in the aerospace industry typically utilizes autoclaves or presses which have considerable thermal mass. As a consequence, the rates of heatup and cooldown of the bonded parts are limited and the total time and cost of the bonding process are often relatively high. Many of the adhesives themselves do not inherently require long processing times. Bonding could be performed rapidly if the heat was concentrated in the bond lines or at least in the adherends. Rapid Adhesive Bonding concepts are developed to utilize induction heating techniques to provide heat directly to the bond line and/or adherends without heating the entire structure, supports, and fixtures of a bonding assembly. Bonding times for specimens can be cut by a factor of 10 to 100 compared to standard press or autoclave bonding. The development of Rapid Adhesive Bonding for lap shear specimens (per ASTM D1002 and D3163), for aerospace panel or component bonding, and for field repair needs of metallic and advanced fiber reinforced polymeric-matrix composite structures is reviewed. Equipment and procedures are described for bonding and repairing thin sheets, simple geometries, and honeycomb core panels.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Daring Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Loura (2022)

Online Learning Media Utilization Training Activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic for Elementary School Teachers in Loura District aim to improve teachers' knowledge and skills in using online learning media during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this activity adopts a problem-solving learning model where each participant is given a problem related to the training material, then the trainee is asked to solve the problem and continue with the discussion activity classically. This activity began with a discussion activity with representatives of elementary school teachers in Loura subdistrict about learning problems carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, an introduction to online learning media that can be used in the learning process and then the participants are trained about the techniques for using online learning media. This training activity provides understanding to trainees about the use of online learning media in the teaching and learning process, especially in the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants of the training activities gave a positive response to the implementation of this training activity because they obtained knowledge related to the use and utilization of online learning media to help them in the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic in their respective schools.
Calculation of the effective masses of II-VI semiconductor compounds (2003)

We present results on ab initio calculations of the effective masses for the II-VI zinc-blende wide band gap semiconductor compounds. The electronic band structure has been calculated using the full potential linearized augmented plane waves method. By computing the curvature of the principal band extrema at the G-point we have calculated the effective mass values. We show that our calculated values compare acceptably well with values reported in the literature
SOCIAL IMPACT OF A HIGHWAY ON AN URBAN COMMUNITY (1965)

A STUDY IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL AREA WAS MADE OF THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS AND RELOCATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH LEG OF THE INTERLOOP. A SUMMARY IS GIVEN OF THE VIEWS EXPRESSED INDICATING AREAS OF CONCERN' PSYCHOLOGICAL FUTURE OF THE ELDERLY IF FORCED TO VACATE THEIR HOMES, SUFFICIENT AVAILABLE HOUSING FOR THOSE DISPLACED, AVAILABILITY OF DESIRABLE NEIGHBORHOODS WITH CONVENIENT SHOPPING FACILITIES AND THE NATURAL FEAR OF A PHYSICAL CHANGE TO THE UNKNOWN. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF A PHYSICAL CHANGE ON A PEOPLE CAN LEAD TO THE INCORPORATION OF PROGRAMS THAT CAN HELP TO DISPEL FEARS, IMMOBILIZE SOME OF THE OPPOSITION, AND PRODUCE RESULTS WHICH NOT ONLY CORRECT THE SITUATION AS THE PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AIMS TO DO BUT CAN ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE BETTERMENT OF THE COMMUNITY AND TO THE SATISFACTION OF MOST OF ITS RESIDENTS. WITHOUT PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES, THERE IS THE POSSIBILITY THAT RESENTMENT AND HOSTILITY MAY INCREASE TOWARD NEW HIGHWAYS AND URBAN RENEWAL IT IS PROPOSED THAT' NO MOVE SHOULD BE MADE UNTIL HOUSING AVAILABILITY IS ASSURED, HOUSING FOR LOW-INCOME FAMILIES MUST BE EXPANDED, AN EFFECTIVE RELOCATION SERVICE MUST BE PROVIDED, AND THE SOCIAL EFFECT OF THE PUBLIC ACTION FOR THE BETTERMENT OF THE CITY MUST BE APPRECIATED.
Autonomy and nonautonomy of sex determination in triploid intersex mosaics of <i>C. elegans</i> (1991)

The primary sex-determining signal in Caenorhabditis elegans is the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes (X/A ratio), normally 1.0 in hermaphrodites (XX) and 0.5 in males (XO). XX triploids (X/A = 0.67) are males, but if these animals carry a partial duplication of the X chromosome such that X/A approximately equal to 0.7, they develop as intersexes that are sexually mosaic. We have analyzed these mosaics using Nomarski microscopy and in situ hybridization to obtain information on whether sex determination decisions can be made independently in different cells and tissues, and when these commitments are made. The observed patterns of male and female cells in individual animals indicate that sex determination decisions can be influenced by anterior-posterior position and that sex determination decisions can be made as late as the third larval stage of postembryonic development. Although these decisions clearly can be made independently in different lineages, they show substantial biases toward one sex or the other in individual animals. We interpret these results to suggest that sex determination in C. elegans is not entirely cell autonomous.
Robot Motion Planning: A Distributed Representation Approach (1991)

We propose a new approach to robot path planning that consists of building and searching a graph connecting the local minima of a potential function defined over the robot's configuration space. A planner based on this approach has been implemented. This planner is consider ably faster than previous path planners and solves prob lems for robots with many more degrees of freedom (DOFs). The power of the planner derives both from the "good" properties of the potential function and from the efficiency of the techniques used to escape the local min ima of this function. The most powerful of these tech niques is a Monte Carlo technique that escapes local min ima by executing Brownian motions. The overall approach is made possible by the systematic use of distributed rep resentations (bitmaps) for the robot's work space and configuration space. We have experimented with the plan ner using several computer-simulated robots, including rigid objects with 3 DOFs (in 2D work space) and 6 DOFs (in 3D work space) and manipulator arms with 8, 10, and 31 DOFs (in 2D and 3D work spaces). Some of the most significant experiments are reported in this article.
ELISA Analysis of BACTEC® Bottles for the Earlier Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (1989)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have enabled earlier identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in clinical settings by utilizing both TB antibody and antigen detection. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA detection of TB antigen by using a commercially available anti-BCG antibody in conjunction with BACTEC 7H12B culture bottles. We compared these results against those obtained with cultures of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Mycobacterium kansasii. All BACTEC bottles were inoculated with known concentrations of organisms. TB antigen was detected by ELISA in BACTEC culture bottles of TB 12 days before the BACTEC system could itself identify the species. A growth index of greater than or equal to 10 reliably indicated that tuberculosis antigen was detectable by ELISA. The correlation between growth index and antigen concentration was extremely high (r = 0.95 and p less than 0.001). There was insignificant cross-reactivity with the other atypical mycobacteria at the levels of growth tested. This technique potentially offers a sensitive and specific means for the early identification of TB in BACTEC culture bottles.
Urdu Domain Names (2006)

With of international standards, including Unicode, CLDR, HTML, etc., it is now becoming increasingly possible to develop and deploy online content in local languages across the globe. However, a user is still required to write the domain name in Latin script to access this information on the Internet, which still a barrier for non-Latin script based language speakers. This paper overviews the emerging Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) standards being proposed by Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The paper also discusses challenges for implementing IDN for Urdu and a possible solution which has been implemented and is currently deployed
TEORIAS DE LA MATERIA CONDENSADA, DISTRIBUCION MUNDIAL (1989)

ESTE MES SERA DISTRIBUIDO MUNDIALMENTE EL CUARTO VOLUMEN DE LA SERIE TEORIAS DE LA MATERIA CONDENSADA, EDITADA POR EL DOCTOR JAIME KELLER, CONTIENE 40 ARTICULOS SOBRE LAS NOVEDADES CIENTIFICAS Y LOS AVANCES MAS RELEVANTES DE LAS METODOLOGIAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE TEMAS RELACIONADOS CON LA SUPERCONDUCTIVIDAD DE ALTA TEMPERATURA.
Cyp1a2(-/-) null mutant mice develop normally but show deficient drug metabolism. (1996)

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is a predominantly hepatic enzyme known to be important in the metabolism of numerous foreign chemicals of pharmacologic, toxicologic, and carcinogenic significance. CYP1A2 substrates include aflatoxin B1, acetaminophen, and a variety of environmental arylamines. To define better the developmental and metabolic functions of this enzyme, we developed a CYP1A2-deficient mouse line by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Mice homozygous for the targeted Cyp1a2 gene, designated Cyp1a2(-/-), are completely viable and fertile; histologic examination of 15-day embryos, newborn pups, and 3-week-old mice revealed no abnormalities. No CYP1A2 mRNA was detected by Northern blot analysis. Moreover, mRNA levels of Cyp1a1, the other gene in the same subfamily, appear unaffected by loss of the Cyp1a2 gene. Because the muscle relaxant zoxazolamine is a known substrate for CYP1A2, we studied the Cyp1a2(-/-) genotype by using the zoxazolamine paralysis test: the Cyp1a2(-/-) mice exhibited dramatically lengthened paralysis times relative to the Cyp1a2(+/+) wild-type animals, and the Cyp1a2(+/-) heterozygotes showed an intermediate effect. Availability of a viable and fertile CYP1A2-deficient mouse line will provide a valuable tool for researchers wishing to define the precise role of CYP1A2 in numerous metabolic and pharmacokinetic processes.