gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of a gas laser system for the measurement of atomic parameters and its application to some energy levels in neon (1968)

The development 9f gas lasers has provided the experimental atomic physicist with a new tool for the selective probing of atomic energy levels. This dissertation describes the development of a gas laser system for the measurement of atomic parameters. The system has been applied to the measurement of transition probabilities and collision excitation cross sections in neon. The experimental technique utilizes a helium-neon laser oscillating at 3.39 microns -- 3s2- 3p4 (Paschen notation) -- to perturb the population density of the 3s2 level in a neon discharge. This perturbation is coupled to the 3s3 neon level through non-radiative collision induced transitions. The perturbations of the excited state population densities are followed by observing the intensity changes in spontaneous emission from the 3s2 and 3s3 levels. By analyzing the intensity changes from these two levels as a function of pressure, we have been able to determine the product of the lifetime of the 3s3 level and the cross section for collision induced transitions between the 3s2 and 3s3 levels. This product is τ3q23 = (9.93 ± .80) x 10^-23 sec-cm^2 . The same measurements yield the ratio of the transition probability for the 3s2-2p4 and the 3s3-2p5 transitions. The measured ratio is 7.10 ± .57. In order to be able to vary the pressure, the" atoms to be investigated are contained within a gas discharge cell placed within the laser cavity. A phase sensitive detection system is employed. Relative transition probabilities for ten other visible lines originating on the 3s2 and 3s3 levels have also been determined. These relative transition probabilities are placed on an absolute scale using a recently measured value for the 3s2-2p4 transition. The experimental values are compared to theoretically calculated transition probabilities for which a j-ℓ coupling model was used. This comparison points out the rather large departure of these levels from j-ℓ coupling. Suggestions are made concerning the improvement of the system and its application to other problems.
A disintegrin and metallproteinase 15 knockout decreases migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (2015)

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the expression of A disintegrin and metallproteinase 15 (ADAM15) affected the inflammatory conditions and cell migration in human fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (FLSs) in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of ADAM15 in FLSs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The effects of small interfering RNA targeting ADAM15 (siADAM5) on pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were assessed using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of siADAM15 on cell invasion and migration in FLS were also assessed in vitro. The therapeutic effects and side effects of ADAM15 in a rat model of collagen‑induced arthritis (CIA) were examined in vivo. The present results revealed that ADAM15 expression was significantly elevated at the mRNA and protein level in FLSs stimulated with LPS and that silencing ADAM15 suppressed the expression of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, preventing FLS cell migration and invasion via inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor‑A, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP‑3 expression. In addition, treatment of CIA rats using siADAM15 significantly reduced the arthritis score and extent of joint damage in the rats. These findings indicated that silencing ADAM15 had anti‑inflammatory effects in FLSs and efficiently inhibited the development of CIA. Therefore, ADAM15 may be a potential target molecule for RA therapies.
Evaluation of Patients' Satisfaction with Their New Dentures. (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between clinical variables and patients' satisfaction with their new removable partial dentures. Fifty-three patients (35 females: mean age: 58.8 and 18 males: mean age: 60.5 years) completed the clinical questionnaire and underwent the psychometric measurements regarding various aspects of their new removable partial dentures using visual analogue scales (VAS). The clinical questionnaire concerned gender, age, denture arch (maxilla or mandible), and years of denture experience. VAS items were aesthetic, pain, comfort, stability, speaking, eating, and general satisfaction. Patients expressed less satisfaction with comfort, aesthetic, and speaking items of their dentures than stability and pain items, suggesting that the patients were likely to remain unsatisfied regarding these three items even though the dentists judged the dentures functioned well. Female patients expressed significantly less satisfaction with all VAS items of their dentures than males. The younger patients tended to express less satisfaction with the eating item of their dentures than the older patients.
Syphilis and Tabes Dorsalis (1881)

Journal Article Syphilis and Tabes Dorsalis Get access W. J. DODDS, D.Sc. W. J. DODDS, D.Sc. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 3, Issue 4, January 1881, Pages 566–569, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/3.4.566 Published: 01 January 1881
Activation of PI3K-Akt pathway mediates antiapoptotic effects of β-adrenergic agonist in airway eosinophils (2004)

beta-Adrenoceptor agonists reportedly decrease spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood eosinophils; however, its signaling pathway is unknown. Survival signals can be elicited by the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, both of which are known to be potent regulators of apoptosis, and Akt in turn inactivates Forkhead transcription factors, including FKHR (Forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma). We have investigated the effect of beta-agonists on apoptosis of local eosinophils isolated from the airways and the involvement of PI3K, Akt, and FKHR in its survival signal. Eosinophils obtained from immunized mice by bronchoalveolar lavage after allergen provocation underwent apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Incubation of eosinophils with isoproterenol or formoterol dose-dependently inhibited both spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis and apoptosis induced by Fas receptor activation. Incubation with cAMP or forskolin also inhibited eosinophil apoptosis. The PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002 and an Akt inhibitor, 1-L-6-hydroxymethyl-chiro-inositol 2-(R)-2-O-methyl-3-O-octadecylcarbonate, but not a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD-98059, blocked isoproterenol-mediated eosinophil survival. Wortmannin also inhibited cAMP-mediated eosinophil survival. Isoproterenol rapidly induced phosphorylation of Akt and FKHR in eosinophils in a PI3K-dependent manner. These findings indicate that the PI3K-Akt-FKHR pathway conveys a critical survival signal induced by beta-agonists in airway eosinophils.
Interaction of Silica Particles in a Model Rubber System: The Role of Silane Surface Treatments (2003)

The nature of the silica surface has a strong influence on the rheology of filled rubber compounds. By reacting silica with silane coupling agents its surface properties can be controlled. A simple rubber model was used to understand the influence of organosilanes used as coupling agents in controlling the dispersibility and agglomeration of silica. The model system consists of monodisperse non-aggregated silica particles, silanes and squalene. Rheological properties were measured using steady shear and creep techniques at high filler volume fraction. Particular emphasis was placed on observing the transition between liquid-like and solid-like behavior at the maximum packing volume. Results obtained on the rubber model indicate that it is possible to measure and observe the silica agglomeration process at very low shear. Under these conditions the rheology and thixotropic behavior of silane-treated silica are highly depending on surface treatment. The method particularly allows understanding the widely different processing behavior of various organofunctional silanes. The observed trends are consistent with those observed in rubber compounds. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques were used to study the short-range arrangement of silica aggregates and the structure factor of the concentrated silica-squalene system. Light diffraction was used to measure the occurrence of larger agglomerates. Finally it is shown how the silane structure affects both the dispersion of silica particles and the agglomeration-deagglomeration process.
Alla ricerca del miglioramento... (2006)

This is a follow-up paper of our previous report on an ion source, which was operated at an operating pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. Besides having more working gas for desolvation, the reduction of mean free path of electrons in a higher pressure environment increases the threshold voltage for gaseous breakdown, thus enabling a stable electrospray for the sample solution with high surface tension without the occurrence of electric discharge. In our previous work, the ion source was not coupled directly to the mass spectrometer and significant amount of ions were lost before entering the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. In this paper, we report the new design of our second prototype in which, by using a modified ion transport capillary, the pressurized ESI ion source was coupled directly to the first pumping stage of the mass spectrometer without additional modification on the vacuum pumping system. Demonstrations of the new ion source on the sensitive detection of native proteins from aqueous solution in both positive and negative ion modes are presented.
Molecular pathogenesis of pituitary tumours (2011)

Abstract Pituitary adenomas are discovered in up to 25% of unselected autopsies, however, clinically apparent tumours are considerably less common. The pituitary gland is composed of differentiated cell types: somatotrophs, lactotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs. Tumours may arise from any of these cell types and their secretory products depend on the cell of origin. The functional classification of pituitary tumorus is based on identification of cell gene products by immunostaining or mRNA detection, as well as measurement of circulating tumour and target organ hormone levels. Oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) results in cortisol excess with Cushing’s disease. Growth hormone overproduction leads to acromegaly with typical acral overgrowth and metabolic abnormalities. Prolactin hypersecretion results in hypogonadism and galactorrhoea. Rarely, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) hypersecretion leads to goitre and thyrotoxicosis, and gonadotropin excess results in gonadal dysfunction (1). Mixed tumours cosecreting growth hormone with prolactin, TSH, or ACTH may also arise from single cells. Clinically nonfunctional tumours are those that do not efficiently secrete their gene products, and most commonly they are derived from gonadotroph cells. Pituitary tumours are further defined radiographically as microadenomas (&lt;1 cm in diameter) or macroadenomas (&gt;1 cm in diameter). However, this classification does not reflect whether the pituitary tumour is amenable to total resection and limits assessment of invasive progression during serial imaging. Therefore, it is useful to apply the classification proposed by Hardy in 1973 and modified by Wilson in 1990 (Table 2.3.2.1), whereby pituitary tumours are classified into one of five grades and one of six stages, providing important preoperative information. Pituitary tumours cause morbidity by both abnormal hormone secretion as well as compression of regional structures. As a considerable proportion of patients do not achieve optimal therapeutic control of mass effects and/or hormone hypersecretion despite advances in therapeutic approaches, understanding pathogenesis and pituitary tumour growth patterns in individual patients will enable identification of subcellular treatment targets, ultimately decreasing tumour-related morbidity and mortality. Determinants of initiation and progression of pituitary adenomas are not fully understood. This chapter describes a spectrum of mechanisms implicated in pituitary tumorigenesis, including the role of pituitary plasticity, imbalances in cell cycle regulation, transcription factors, signalling pathways, and angiogenesis (Fig. 2.3.2.1). Molecular events related to tumorigenesis in human pituitary adenoma subtypes are summarized in Table 2.3.2.2. The causal role for selected genetic imbalances leading to development of pituitary tumours has been confirmed in several transgenic mouse models (Table 2.3.2.3).
SU-GG-T-20: GPU-Accelerated Auto-Segmentation for Online Adaptive Radiotherapy (2010)

Purpose: Accurate and fast delineation of targets and normal structures based on daily CTs is critical for online adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Manual contouring generally takes too long to be practical. Auto-segmentation can run in a few minutes on modern computers, but it is desirable to reduce this time further. A simple, inexpensive option to accelerate auto-segmentation is to use a graphics processor unit (GPU). This work aims to evaluate the performance of a GPU-accelerated auto-segmentation. Method and Materials: A GPU card (NVidia GTX 285) was added to a computer consisting of two 3GHz four core CPUs running auto-segmentation software, ABAS (Atlas Based Auto Segmentation, Elekta CMS Software). To evaluate performance, this setup was tested using daily CTs acquired during IGRT using a CT-on-Rails (CTVision, Siemens) for 14 breast (4 prone, 10 supine) and 6 prostate cancer patients. Contours of targets and critical structures were populated from planning CTs to daily CTs using ABAS with and without the GPU. The accuracy of GPU-accelerated contouring was measured using Dice's Coefficient (DC). Results: For prostate cases, there is no noticeable difference between contours generated with and without GPU (<2% difference in DC to physician contours). The average time to segment was reduced by 30%, to 1.4 minutes, with GPU, (as low as 0.97 minutes). For prone breast cases, except for lumpectomy cavity (DC: 77 – 93%), there is also no substantial difference between contours with or without GPU (DC>95%). The average time to segment images was reduced by 33% with GPU (to 2.8 minutes). For supine breast cases, contours generated with and without GPU agreed equally with contours drawn by physicians. The GPU average segmentation time was 2.3 minutes, reduced by 47%. Conclusion: The use of GPU can substantially accelerate auto-segmentation without degrading the segmentation accuracy. This time saving is significant for online ART.
Delayed Positive Feedback Can Stabilize Oscillatory Systems (1993)

This paper expands on a method proposed in [1] for stabilizing oscillatory system with positive, delayed feedback. The closed-loop system obtained is shown (using the Nyquist criterion) to be stable for a range of delays.
Comparison of the biologic and biophysical properties of the progeny of intact and ether-extracted Rauscher leukemia viruses. (1969)

The biologic and biophysical properties of intact and ethyl ether-extracted Rauscher leukemia virus were studied. Treatment of concentrated Rauscher mouse plasma virus with ether results in a rapid loss of infectivity, but the aqueous phase contains viral nucleoids which are still infectious. Bioassay of subpassaged progeny virus of mice inoculated intracranially with ether-extracted Rauscher virus revealed essentially the same leukemogenic response as that of intact virus.

Centrifugation experiments on potassium tartrate gradients with 32P-labeled intact and ether-extracted tissue culture virus (JLS-V10) showed a shift in the radioactive peak from the 1.16 density of intact virus to a greater buoyant density of 1.28 with the nucleoids. Electron microscope examination of the high density material revealed only nonenveloped virus particles.
Interactions between structural and chemical biomimetism in synthetic stem cell niches (2015)

Advancements in understanding stem cell functions and differentiation are of key importance for the clinical success of stem-cell-based therapies. 3D structural niches fabricated by two-photon polymerization are a powerful platform for controlling stem cell growth and differentiation. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of further controlling stem cell fate by tuning the mechanical properties of such niches through coating with thin layers of biomimetic hyaluronan-based and gelatin-based hydrogels. We first assess the biocompatibility of chemical coatings and then study the interactions between structural and chemical biomimetism on the response of MSCs in terms of proliferation and differentiation. We observed a clear effect of the hydrogel coating on otherwise identical 3D scaffolds. In particular, in gelatin-coated niches we observed a stronger metabolic activity and commitment toward the osteo-chondral lineage with respect to hyaluronan-coated niches. Conversely, a reduction in the homing effect was observed in all the coated niches, especially in gelatin-coated niches. This study demonstrates the feasibility of controlling independently different mechanical cues, in bioengineered stem cell niches, i.e. the 3D scaffold geometry and the surface stiffness. This will allow, on the one hand, understanding their specific role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation and, on the other hand, finely tuning their synergistic effect.
Prädiktive Faktoren für die Diskordanz des HER2-Phänotyps zwischen Primärtumor und zirkulierenden Tumorzellen beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom (2016)

Einleitung: Eine HER2-Diskordanz zwischen Primärtumor und zirkulierenden Tumorzellen (CTCs) könnte eine Bedeutung bei der Entscheidung über eine Therapie sowie das Ansprechen darauf haben. Ziel dieser Studie war es, prädiktive Faktoren zu identifizieren, die eine Vorhersage bezüglich der Diskordanz des HER2-Phänotyps zwischen Primärtumor und CTCs bei Patientinnen mit HER2-negativem metastasiertem Mammakarzinom (MBC) ermöglichen.
Evolutionary Ensemble Creation and Thinning (2006)

Ensembles are often capable of greater predictive accuracy than any of their individual members. One key attribute of ensembles' success is the notion of diversity. However, the majority voting scheme used in most ensembles treats each classifier as if it contributed equally to the group performance, without capitalizing on the relative improvement offered by each member of the ensemble. Our solution to this problem is to use genetic algorithms to weight the contribution of each classifier. This improves the performance of the ensemble by providing a weighted vote which maximizes collaboration among classifiers. Our approach provides a general-purpose framework for evolutionary ensembles, allowing them to build on top of any collection of classifiers, whether they be heterogeneous or homogeneous. In addition, the ability of our framework to thin ensembles, and its effect on ensemble diversity is presented.
Reduction of matrix metalloproteinase 8-neutrophil collagenase levels during long-term doxycycline treatment of reactive arthritis (1994)

The aim of this work was to determine whether human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8 [MMP-8]) levels are reduced during long-term doxycycline treatment in humans with reactive arthritis. Serum MMP-8 levels were reduced (mean +/- standard error of the mean, 678.9 +/- 185.6 versus 491.2 +/- 144.8 ng of MMP-8 per ml), but not statistically significantly. However, the reduction of salivary MMP-8 levels was statistically significant (3,729 +/- 1,905.3 versus 1,866 +/- 780.0 ng of MMP-8 per ml, P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that a 2-month regimen of doxycycline can reduce MMP-8 levels in serum and especially in body fluids (i.e., saliva) containing inflammatory exudates and thus may contribute to reduced tissue destruction.
Modelling of a Switching Control Hydraulic System (2005)

Modelling of a hydraulic system featuring a specific type of switching control is presented. Despite conventional hydraulic drive technology where rather smooth changes of pressure and flow rate are intended and where oscillations constitute undesired phenomena, switching control provokes oscillations as an indispensable element to achieve high energetic efficiency with valve control. The system under study is one which comprises a novel switching valve, a long line with considerable wave propagation dynamics, a hydraulic cylinder, and the valve's dynamics.
Low- and Medium-Dispersion Spectropolarimetry of Nova V475 Scuti (Nova Scuti 2003): Discovery of an Asymmetric High-Velocity Wind in a Moderately Fast Nova (2006)

We present low-resolution ($R\sim 90$) and medium-resolution ($R\sim 2500$) spectropolarimetry of Nova V475 Sct with the HBS instrument, mounted on the 0.91-m telescope at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, and with FOCAS, mounted on the 8.2-m Subaru telescope. We estimated the interstellar polarization toward the nova from the steady continuum polarization components and H$\alpha$ line emission components. After subtracting the interstellar polarization component from the observations, we found that the H$\alpha$ emission seen on 2003 October 7 was clearly polarized. In the polarized flux spectrum, the H$\alpha$ emission had a distinct red wing extending to $\sim +4900$ km s$^{-1}$ and a shoulder around $+3500$ km s$^{-1}$, showing a constant position angle of linear polarization $\theta_{\rm *}\simeq 155\arcdeg\pm 15\arcdeg$. This suggests that the nova had an asymmetric outflow with a velocity of $v_{\rm wind}\simeq 3500$ km s$^{-1}$ or more, which is six times higher than the expansion velocity of the ionized shell at the same epoch. Such a high-velocity component has not previously been reported for a nova in the `moderately fast' speed class. Our observations suggest the occurrence of violent mass-loss activity in the nova binary system even during the common-envelope phase. The position angle of the polarization in the H$\alpha$ wing is in good agreement with that of the continuum polarization found on 2003 September 26 ($p_{\rm *}\simeq 0.4$--0.6 %), which disappeared within the following 2 d. The uniformity of the PA between the continuum polarization and the wing polarization on October 7 suggests that the axis of the circumstellar asymmetry remained nearly constant during the period of our observations.