gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trafficking of HIV-1 RNA: Recent Progress Involving Host Cell RNABinding Proteins (2003)

RNA trafficking within the cell represents an important component of gene expression in a variety of organisms. This process directs RNA to select regions of the cell and has functional consequences to cell physiology and function. Intranuclear RNA trafficking can also influence RNA maturation including 5- and 3-end-processing, splicing and nuclear export. Within the cytosol, RNA trafficking influences the localization and levels of gene expression of the protein product to prevent ectopic expression, for example. For most cellular RNAs this process usually depends on an accurate and precisely timed sequence of events where each step depends on that which precedes it, usually initiated by the specific binding of trans-acting proteins to cognate RNA cis sequences to dictate their fate. This is also true for retroviral RNAs (see below). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major affliction of the 21st century and it is estimated that more than 45 million people worldwide are infected. Although no cure is available, regimented antiviral drug therapy has become the golden standard for care. Accompanied with lifestyle changes both can not only bring virus to near undetectable levels but can also dramatically increase the lifespan and maintain a quality of life for a person living with the virus. As an intracellular parasite HIV-1 uses host cell proteins and machinery in most -if not all- of its replication steps including viral entry, integration, transcription and viral assembly. The understanding of their involvement in these steps will contribute in the treatment and perhaps the eventual eradication of HIV-1 infection. For this -the next generation of HIV-1 therapeutics- we will require a profound understanding of the biological role of these factors and, specifically, how they interact with the virus. This information will eventually lead to the development of specific inhibitors, which will likely be used in combination with existing retroviral therapeutic approaches. This review serves to update the reader on particular aspects of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of HIV-1 RNAs involving HIV-1 Rev, Gag and associated host cell co-factors. It will update the reader on the current body of knowledge on host and viral proteins and mechanisms involved in the movement of HIV-1 RNAs out of the nucleus, within the cytosol and eventually to the sites of viral assembly. The novelty will be in its examination of the recent developments that implicate cellular RNA-binding proteins involved in HIV-1 RNA localization and cytosolic RNA trafficking. It is expected that host cell proteins and viral proteins will ultimately prove to be critical for these late steps of the viral lifecycle. Keywords: hiv-1 rna, rna-binding protein, hiv trafficking, rna trafficking, hiv-1 rev
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Toward the Total Synthesis of Cerorubenic Acid‐III. Part 5. A Radical Cyclization Route Leading to the Methyl Ester of the Natural Isomer. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Drag at model trim lift of a 1/15-scale Convair B-58 supersonic bomber (1956)

Memorandum presenting an investigation utilizing a 1/15-scale rocket-propelled model of the Convair B-58 supersonic bomber. The drag at model trim lift was obtained at a range of Mach and Reynolds numbers. A comparison of the drag at transonic speeds and approximately the same Reynolds number showed excellent agreement.
The<i>INO2</i>gene of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>encodes a helix-loop-helix protein that is required for activation of phospholipid synthesis (1992)

Journal Article The INO2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a helix-loop-helix protein that is required for activation of phospholipid synthesis Get access D.Michele Nikoloff, D.Michele Nikoloff Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia McGraw, Patricia McGraw Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA + Present address: Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan A. Henry Susan A. Henry * Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 12, 25 June 1992, Page 3253, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.12.3253 Published: 25 June 1992 Article history Accepted: 01 May 1992 Published: 25 June 1992
Détection sélective du méthane par microcapteur catalytique (1996)

Pour realiser des detecteurs de methane a bas cout, on trouve actuellement des technologies a semi-conducteurs commercialisees principalement par des societes japonaises. Malgre des progres reguliers, les performances de ces dispositifs sont encore insuffisantes en terme de reproductibilite et selectivite.
Thermally and optically stimulated luminescence of Ce and Eu doped LiCaAlF<inf>6</inf> (2013)

Single crystal LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> doped with Ce or Eu synthesized by Tokuyama Corp. were examined on dosimeter properties. In optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), Ce-doped LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> exhibited detectable signal while that of Eu-doped one was quite weak. In thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), they both showed strong TSL and the linearity between the irradiated dose and TSL intensity was quite linear from 1 to 1000 mGy.
In vitro studies on the role of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor in steroidogenesis (1999)

In vitro studies using isolated cells, mitochondria and submitochondrial fractions demonstrated that in steroid synthesizing cells, the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, preferentially located in the outer/inner membrane contact sites, involved in the regulation of cholesterol transport from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, the rate-determining step in steroid biosynthesis. Mitochondrial PBR ligand binding characteristics and topography are sensitive to hormone treatment suggesting a role of PBR in the regulation of hormone-mediated steroidogenesis. Targeted disruption of the PBR gene in Leydig cells in vitro resulted in the arrest of cholesterol transport into mitochondria and steroid formation; transfection of the mutant cells with a PBR cDNA rescued steroidogenesis demonstrating an obligatory role for PBR in cholesterol transport. Molecular modeling of PBR suggested that it might function as a channel for cholesterol. This hypothesis was tested in a bacterial system devoid of PBR and cholesterol. Cholesterol uptake and transport by these cells was induced upon PBR expression. Amino acid deletion followed by site-directed mutagenesis studies and expression of mutant PBRs demonstrated the presence in the cytoplasmic carboxy-terminus of the receptor of a cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus sequence. This amino acid sequence may help for recruiting the cholesterol coming from intracellular sites to the mitochondria.
Stereospecific Synthesis of (<i>S,S</i>)‐Palythazine from <scp>D</scp>‐Glucose (1982)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 175. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198201750
Molecular Analysis of Cross-Resistance to Capreomycin, Kanamycin, Amikacin, and Viomycin in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2005)

Capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and viomycin are drugs that are used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Each inhibits translation, and cross-resistance to them is a concern during therapy. A recent study revealed that mutation of the tlyA gene, encoding a putative rRNA methyltransferase, confers capreomycin and viomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Mutations in the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) have been associated with resistance to each of the drugs; however, reports of cross-resistance to the drugs have been variable. We investigated the role of rrs mutations in capreomycin resistance and examined the molecular basis of cross-resistance to the four drugs in M. tuberculosis laboratory-generated mutants and clinical isolates. Spontaneous mutants were generated to the drugs singularly and in combination by plating on medium containing one or two drugs. The frequencies of recovery of the mutants on single- and dual-drug plates were consistent with single-step mutations. The rrs genes of all mutants were sequenced, and the tlyA genes were sequenced for mutants selected on capreomycin, viomycin, or both; MICs of all four drugs were determined. Three rrs mutations (A1401G, C1402T, and G1484T) were found, and each was associated with a particular cross-resistance pattern. Similar mutations and cross-resistance patterns were found in drug-resistant clinical isolates. Overall, the data implicate rrs mutations as a molecular basis for resistance to each of the four drugs. Furthermore, the genotypic and phenotypic differences seen in the development of cross-resistance when M. tuberculosis bacteria were exposed to one or two drugs have implications for selection of treatment regimens.
Non-Specific Inhibition of Cell Division in Regenerating Tobacco Protoplasts by Inhibitors of Ethylene Biosynthesis (1983)

Regeneration and culture of plant protoplasts almost always requires the presence of an auxin in the culture medium. Auxins are known to induce enhanced ethylene production (1). We wanted to know whether this production of ethylene is important for protoplast culture. It has been shown, in some systems, that withdrawal of the ethylene produced from the atmosphere of the culture flasks does not alter the regeneration of cultured plant cells (2). However, it is conceivable that ethylene acts immediately after being synthesized, before leaving the cells and entering the atmosphere. To examine this possibility, we tried to prevent ethylene biosynthesis in cultured protoplasts, using inhibitors: AVG* and cobalt ions inhibit the first and second step of ethylene biosynthesis, respectively (Fig. 1).
<i>EWS-CREB1</i> : A Recurrent Variant Fusion in Clear Cell Sarcoma—Association with Gastrointestinal Location and Absence of Melanocytic Differentiation (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) usually arises in the lower extremities of young adults and is typically associated with a t(12;22) translocation resulting in the fusion of EWS (EWSR1) with ATF1, a gene encoding a member of the cyclic AMP–responsive element binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors. CCS arising in the gastrointestinal tract is rare and its pathologic and molecular features are not well defined. Experimental Design: We report a novel variant fusion of EWS to CREB1, a gene at 2q32 encoding another CREB family member highly related to ATF1, detected in three women with gastrointestinal CCS. All three cases contained an identical EWS-CREB1 fusion transcript that was shown by reverse transcription-PCR. In two of the cases tested, EWS gene rearrangement was also confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the EWS-CREB1 genomic junction fragments were isolated by long-range DNA PCR. Results: Morphologically, all three tumors lacked melanin pigmentation. By immunohistochemistry, there was a strong and diffuse S100 protein reactivity, whereas all melanocytic markers were negative. Ultrastructurally, two of the cases lacked melanosomes. The melanocyte-specific transcript of MITF was absent in two cases, and only weakly expressed in the third case. The Affymetrix gene expression data available in one case showed lower expression of the melanocytic genes MITF, TYR, and TYRP1, compared with four EWS-ATF1-positive CCSs of non-gastrointestinal origin. Conclusions: EWS-CREB1 may define a novel subset of CCS that occurs preferentially in the gastrointestinal tract and shows little or no melanocytic differentiation. Thus, evidence of melanocytic lineage or differentiation is not a necessary feature of sarcomas with gene fusions involving CREB family members.
Providing delay guarantees in IEEE 802.11e networks (2005)

The paper proposes a feedback based dynamic scheduler (FBDS) to allocate the first-hop bandwidth in IEEE 802.11e using HCF (hybrid coordination function) controlled channel access. Properties of the proposed control algorithm are investigated, theoretically and using ns-2 simulations. The obtained results show that the proposed FBDS algorithm succeeds in guaranteeing the delay bounds required by audio/video applications in the presence of a very broad set of traffic conditions and network loads.
Hallucinating faces in the dark (2012)

Correction of uneven illumination in face images has been a task of intense research with its applicability being extensive. Most algorithms look to improve recognition accuracy failing to produce visually good results or viceversa. In this work, we present a data-driven illumination correction algorithm which simultaneously produces visually good results and improves recognition accuracy among faces. The illumination behavior on the generic structure of faces is learnt by training pyramid sub-spaces on illumination images. An algorithm is proposed to iteratively project illumination information onto these sub-spaces and filter out other information projected onto them. Results are presented on the CMU-PIE and Extended Yale-B databases. Performance is measured using PSNR measures for relighting images and improvement in the performance of face recognition rate in comparison to other contemporary performers.
Regulation of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) binding protein‐2 synthesis and degradation by platelet‐derived growth factor and the IGFs is enhanced by serum deprivation in vascular smooth muscle cells (1995)

Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) stimulated proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). IGF-I bioactivity is modulated by high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP) which are important regulators of these processes. Porcine vascular SMC synthesize IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 in vitro. In the present study, levels of IGFBP-2 in conditioned media (CM) were increased approximately 1.6 to 2.2-fold when cells were exposed to PDGF (20 ng/ml) or insulin (5 micrograms/ml) for 24 hr following a 24 hr incubation in serum-free media, or following a 72 hr exposure to either growth factor. Similar increases in IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were observed. Exposure of cells to PDGF for 24 hr without prior serum deprivation resulted in smaller (47 +/- 11%) increases in IGFBP-2 protein levels but failed to alter mRNA levels. IGF-I, FGF, TGF-beta and EGF failed to increase IGFBP-2 using either experimental paradigm. In contrast, IGFBP-2 protein levels were consistently decreased (75 +/- 14%) after 72 hr of exposure to IGF-II without corresponding decreases in IGFBP-2 mRNA levels. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled IGFBP-2 indicated that this decrease was not due to a decrease in synthesis of IGFBP-2. Immunoblot analysis of CM from cells treated with IGF-II indicated that the decrease in intact protein corresponded with an increase in two non-IGF binding IGFBP-2 fragments of 22 and 14 kD. Increased abundance of these fragments was also observed following IGF-I exposure, although corresponding decreases in intact IGFBP-2 were not usually observed. The relative abundance of these fragments did not appear to be affected by treatment with PDGF or insulin. In contrast to IGFBP-2, regulation of the levels of IGFBP-4 in CM did not appear to be altered by serum deprivation. Insulin consistently increased IGFBP-4 mRNA and protein levels under all situations. PDGF tended to increase IGFBP-4 protein levels, although this effect was less consistent and not as great as the increase observed with insulin. Treatment with IGF-I or -II consistently decreased IGFBP-4 levels in CM but tended to increase their mRNA levels under all situations. These data indicate that insulin, PDGF, and the IGFs regulate both IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4. While PDGF and insulin stimulate IGFBP-2 and 4 synthesis, the IGFs appear to activate protease(s) which regulate IGFBP-2 and -4 levels post-translationally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Suppression of parasitic lasing in multi-pass Ti-sapphire amplifiers (2003)

Large aspect ratio (ratio of diameter to length) Ti- sapphire crystals, used in amplifiers of high-power lasers [1], suffer from amplified spontaneous emission and parasitic generation inside the crystal [2,3] that causes decay of population inversion and limits achievable gain. Parasitics can be suppressed by cladding the edge surface of a crystal [2,3], but only below certain transverse gain. And any way, it is difficult to use this method for high average power and/or cryogenically cooled laser systems [4] because cladding generally reduces thermal conductivity. In some cases, however, it is possible to avoid parasitics and reduce ASE by changing method of pumping and amplification in Ti-sapphire amplifiers. In the multi-pass amplifiers the high gain causing ASE and parasitics could be reduced by partial-extraction of the stored energy by the amplified pulse during pumping process.
Comparing cefmetazole compatibility data from different sources (1997)

Journal Article Comparing cefmetazole compatibility data from different sources Get access Linda S. Tyler, Pharm.D., Linda S. Tyler, Pharm.D. Pharmacy Manager Drug Information Service Department of Pharmacy Services University of Utah Hospital 50 N. Medical Drive Salt Lake City, UT 84132 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lawrence A. Trissel, FASHP Lawrence A. Trissel, FASHP Director Clinical Pharmaceutics Division of Pharmacy University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 54, Issue 7, 1 April 1997, Page 831, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/54.7.831 Published: 01 April 1997
‘Ohio 7681’ Tomato1 (1981)

Abstract ‘Ohio 7681’ is an early-main season tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suitable for hand or machine harvest, released by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, September 1980. Canning quality favors juice and puree production.
Plasmon excitation of coherent interface phonons in Si-SiO<inf>2</inf> systems (2014)

Coherent interface phonon generation by surface plasmon in silver-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -silicon system is analyzed, based on the impulsive stimulated scattering theory model. The surface plasmon is first analyzed, and applied to semiclassical stimulated Raman scattering theory. Our calculatation shows that the photon-induced surface plasmons store about 20-30% of the total incoming energy, and it is considered in the analysis. Phonon potential of the generated phonons is also calculated.
Editor's evaluation: Genetic variation in ALDH4A1 is associated with muscle health over the lifespan and across species (2021)

Ageing is inevitable, but what makes one person ‘age well’ and another decline more quickly remains largely unknown. While many aspects of ageing are clearly linked to genetics, the specific genes involved often remain unidentified. Sarcopenia is an age-related condition affecting the muscles. It involves a gradual loss of muscle mass that becomes faster with age, and is associated with loss of mobility, decreased quality of life, and increased risk of death. Around half of all people aged 80 and over suffer from sarcopenia. Several lifestyle factors, especially poor diet and lack of exercise, are associated with the condition, but genetics is also involved: the condition accelerates more quickly in some people than others, and even fit, physically active individuals can be affected. To study the genetics of conditions like sarcopenia, researchers often use animals like flies or worms, which have short generation times but share genetic similarities with humans. For example, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans has equivalents of several human muscle genes, including the gene alh-6. In worms, alh-6 is important for maintaining energy supply to the muscles, and mutating it not only leads to muscle damage but also to premature ageing. Given this insight, Villa, Stuhr, Yen et al. wanted to determine if variation in the human version of alh-6, ALDH4A1, also contributes to individual differences in muscle ageing and decline in humans. Evaluating variation in this gene required a large amount of genetic data from older adults. These were taken from a continuous study that follows >35,000 older adults. Importantly, the study collects not only information on gene sequences but also measures of muscle health and performance over time for each individual. Analysis of these genetic data revealed specific small variations in the DNA of ALDH4A1, all of which associated with reduced muscle health. Follow-up experiments in worms used genetic engineering techniques to test how variation in the worm alh-6 gene could influence age-related health. The resulting mutant worms developed muscle problems much earlier than their normal counterparts, supporting the role of alh-6/ALDH4A1 in determining muscle health across the lifespan of both worms and humans. These results have identified a key influencer of muscle health during ageing in worms, and emphasize the importance of validating effects of genetic variation among humans during this process. Villa, Stuhr, Yen et al. hope that this study will help researchers find more genetic ‘markers’ of muscle health, and ultimately allow us to predict an individual’s risk of sarcopenia based on their genetic make-up.
Repression of transcriptional activity by heterologous KRAB domains present in zinc finger proteins (1995)

We report the characterization of three novel members of the KRAB-domain containing C2-H2 zinc finger family (ZNF133, 136 and 140). KRAB (Krüppel-associated box) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain found N-terminally with respect to the zinc finger repeats that encodes the DNA binding domain. ZNF133 and ZNF140 have both the KRAB A- and KRAB B-boxes present at their N-terminus, whereas ZNF136 contains only the KRAB A-box. We have previously demonstrated that the KRAB domains derived from ZNF133 and ZNF140 are potent transcriptional repression domains [Margolin et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4509-4513]. The KRAB domain from ZNF136, containing only subdomain A, is a considerable weaker suppression domain; however, when fused to the heterologous KRAB B subdomain of ZNF10 (KOX1) the two subdomains from a KRAB domain which induces repression as potently as previously reported KRAB domains.
Environmental TEM, A CTF Approach for Atmospheric Lattice Imaging (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.