gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vector quantization of images with codeword‐rotation algorithm (1998)

Abstract A codeword‐rotation algorithm is proposed for vector quantization (VQ) of images. A novel binary classifier is presented to preclassify the training vectors into six classes including edge blocks and nonedge blocks. The VQ codebook is generated by applying the modified Fuzzy C‐Means (MFCM) algorithm to the training vectors of each class. Similar edge blocks are rotated and coalesced during the edge subcodebook generation process. Furthermore, two schemes for designing the encoder and decoder are also presented. Compared with the basic VQ system constructed by the LBG algorithm, the new method results in a considerable reduction in codebook size and computation time of codebook generation. More importantly, the visual quality achieved is better than the basic VQ system. Key words: Vector quantizationFuzzy C‐Means algorithmLBG algorithm Notes Correspondence addressee
[Multidisciplinary therapy for focal spasticity treatment]. (2008)

For treating focal dystonias and spastic syndromes local intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) are the method of choice. The therapy aims to reduce disabling dystonic and spastic movement disorders, ease care and personal hygiene, reduce pain, and improve quality of life. With respect to functional improvement from and accuracy of BTA-injection, treatment results in spasticity often profits from electrical or sonographical guidance of BTA injection in addition to active time localized training methods (physio- and occupational therapy). Since we know that only active synapses binds BTA (receptor is located in the acetylcholine vesicle) further therapeutic methods should also be employed to enhance efficacy of BTA, especially casting and splinting electrical stimulation, for muscle activation and regaining of normal length of spastic muscules are recommended. The goals of focal therapy for spasticity should be discussed with the patient and family members to guarantee maximum results from the coordinated multidisciplinary effort of BTA-treatment in disabling spasticity.
Microdissection Techniques for Molecular Testing in Surgical Pathology (2004)

Microdissection is a technique that is very useful both in the research setting and for clinical molecular testing in paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The available techniques range from simple and inexpensive (manual microdissection) to complex and expensive (laser-capture microdissection). All of the techniques, however, require the user to be familiar with microscopy and histology.
Human Brain Function, Second Edition (2004)

This updated second edition provides the state of the art perspective of the theory, practice and application of modern non-invasive imaging methods employed in exploring the structural and functional architecture of the normal and diseased human brain. Like the successful first edition, it is written by members of the Functional Imaging Laboratory - the Wellcome Trust funded London lab that has contributed much to the development of brain imaging methods and their application in the last decade. This book should excite and intrigue anyone interested in the new facts about the brain gained from neuroimaging and also those who wish to participate in this area of brain science. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Can Peripheral Venous Pressure Be An Alternative to Central Venous Pressure During Right Hepatectomy in Living Donors? (2007)

The safety of living donors is a matter of cardinal importance in addition to obtaining optimal liver grafts to be transplanted. Central venous pressure (CVP) is known to have significant correlation with the amount of bleeding during parenchymal transection and many centers have adopted CVP monitoring for right hepatectomy. However, central line cannulation can induce some serious complications. Peripheral venous pressure (PVP) has been suggested as a comparable alternative to CVP. The aim of this study was to determine whether a clinically acceptable agreement or a reliable correlation between CVP and PVP exist and if CVP can be replaced by PVP in living liver donors. A central venous catheter was placed through the right internal jugular vein and a peripheral venous catheter was inserted at antecubital fossa in the right arm. CVP and PVP were recorded in 15-minute intervals in 50 adult living donors. The paired data were divided into 3 stages: preparenchymal transection, parenchymal transection, and postparenchymal transection. A total of 1,430 simultaneous measurements of CVP and PVP were recorded. Overall, the PVP, CVP, and bias were 7.0+/-2.46, 5.9+/-2.32, and 1.16+/-1.12 mmHg, respectively. A total of 88.9% of all measurements were clinically within acceptable limits of bias (+/-2 mmHg). Regression analysis showed a high correlation coefficient between PVP and CVP (r=0.893; P<0.001) and the limits of agreement were -1.03 to 3.34 overall. In conclusion, frequencies of differences, bias, correlation coefficient, and limits of agreement between PVP and CVP remained relatively constant throughout the operation. Therefore, PVP measurement in the arm can be an alternative to predict CVP and further, obviate central venous catheter-related complications in living liver donors.
The digestion by sheep of silages made with and without the addition of formaldehyde (1977)

SUMMARY S.24 perennial ryegrass was conserved by ensiling directly (control) and after treatment with a solution of formaldehyde at the rate of 6 g HCHO/100 g crude protein. After storage for 90 days, part of the formaldehyde-treated silage was dried in a high-temperature drier. The quantitative digestion of the energy, carbohydrate and nitrogen moieties of the three diets and the production of volatile fatty acids and microbial protein within the rumen were measured using five sheep fitted with re-entrant cannulae at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum. Treatment with formaldehyde depressed organic matter and energy digestion within the rumen compared with untreated silage ( P < 0·001) and a further depression was observed on the dehydrated material. Both formaldehyde-treated silages showed enhanced flows of total amino acids into the small intestine compared with the control silage and net absorption from the small intestine was elevated by 13 and 21% respectively on these two diets. On the untreated silage over 71% of the protein entering the small intestine was microbial in origin whereas, due to depressed microbial growth and increased protection of feed protein from rumen fermentation, microbial protein comprised only 17% of duodenal protein on the two formaldehyde-treated silage diets. Fifteen and 81 % of the dietary protein passed undegraded through the stomachs to the duodenum on the control and the two formaldehyde-treated silage diets respectively. Total VFA production within the rumen was not significantly influenced by the treatments imposed, but on the untreated silage only 56% of the energy apparently digested in the rumen was converted to VTA energy whilst a mean value of 74% was recorded on the other two diets. Estimates of the total energy absorbed gave values of 10·6, 11·9 and 10·7 MJ/kg D.M. for the control, formaldehyde and dried, formaldehyde silage diets with absorbed protein energy representing 21, 22 and 26% of the total absorbed energy respectively.
Thermal conductivities of fused and crystalline quartz (1959)

The thermal conductivities of fused quartz and of crystalline quartz (heat-flow at 90° to the optic axis) have been measured by steady-state plate methods; the former over the range -150 to 50° C, and the latter at 28° C. The most probable thermal conductivity values of these two materials have been formulated as functions of temperature, having in mind their use as calibration specimens for apparatus measuring the thermal conductivities of rocks, important in the calculation of terrestrial heat-flow. Detailed description is given of apparatus and measurement methods, and the results of other observers are listed and briefly discussed.
Approaches to Electromagnetic Induction (1969)

The first part of this article is a discussion of some ambiguities and sources of confusion in the presentation of electromagnetic induction in introductory texts. Particular attention is paid to the use of special relativity theory in these presentations. The second part of the paper discusses various examples of electromagnetic induction that have acquired reputations as “exceptions to the flux rule”. The origin of these exceptions is traced to an inappropriate choice of contour or its motions. We explicitly show that in these examples no exceptions occur, and give a general prescription for evaluating induced emf's.
Image spatial transformation in DCT domain (2002)

In this paper, we report work on generalizing spatial relationships between the DCTs of any block and its sub-blocks, which paves the way for image processing in the JPEG compressed domain. The results reveal that DCT coefficients of any block can be directly obtained from the DCT coefficients of its sub-blocks and the inter-block relationship remains to be linear. Due to the fact that the corresponding coefficient matrix of linear combination is sparse, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is significantly lower than that of the existing methods.
Evolving status of agribusiness management research (1993)

This article looks at agribusiness research as it is evolving in the broad, complicated social milieu of agribusiness concepts, especially education, politics, and organizational entities. Probably its most useful contribution is a research effort to define and measure the amount of agribusiness research being conducted in the US Department of Agriculture and the State Agricultural Experiment Stations. The article also gives selected directional guidelines for definition and development of future agribusiness research. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Selective Nitration by “Claycop”. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Association between Body Mass Index and Reproductive Outcome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Receiving IVF/ICSI‐ET (2020)

Overweight and obesity are associated with poor outcomes in PCOS patients receiving ultra-long protocol. Measures to reduce body weight should be encouraged in overweight and obese PCOS women at ≤35 years of age prior to assisted reproductive technology (ART).
Inhibitory effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,NS398,on cancer cells (2006)

AIM: To study the mechanism of growth inhibitory effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor,NS-398,on cancer cells.METHODS: The esophageal cancer cell line(EC9706),which expresses COX-2 constitutively,and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(SMMC7721),which expresses no COX-2,were studied.The cell lines were incubated with NS-398 at doses of 10,20,50,100 μmol/L for 24 h,48 h and 72 h.Antiproliferation effect was measured by -TdR incorporation.The cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry(FCM) and DNA fragmentation analysis.Survivin was detected by immunocytochemical technique.RESULTS: The growth inhibition was induced by NS398 in a dose-and time-dependent manners in both cell lines.FCM analysis revealed a high sub-G_1 cell peak in EC9706 group and agarose electrophoresis showed marked apoptosis ladder pattern.However,no apoptosis was observed in SMMC7721 cells treated with NS-398.The difference of apoptosis percentage in EC9706 and SMMC7721 was(45.23±1.08)% and(3.05±0.15)%(P0.01).After 24 h incubation with NS398 at concentration of 100 μmol/L,the expression of survivin was markedly reduced in EC9706,no change was observed in SMMC7721.CONCLUSION: NS-398 suppresses cell growth in cancer cell lines by different mechanism.NS-398 suppresses cell growth and increases apoptosis in the cancer cells that expresses COX-2.
Pancreatic cancer, treatment options, and GI-4000 (2015)

Although pancreatic cancer is but the eleventh most prevalent cancer in the US, it is predicted that of all the patients newly diagnosed with this disease in 2014, only 27% will still be alive at the end of the first year, which is reduced to 6% after 5 years. The choice of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer is dependent on disease stage and patient performance status but, in general, the most widely used approved regimens include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combinations and gemcitabine combinations. Recent therapeutic strategies have resulted in an improvement in survival of patients with pancreatic cancer but the magnitude of change is disappointing and vast improvements are still needed. The goal of immunotherapy is to enhance and guide the body's immune system to recognize tumor-specific antigens and mount an attack against the disease. Among newer immune therapies, GI-4000 consists of 4 different targeted molecular immunogens, each containing a different Ras protein (antigen) encoded by the most commonly found mutant RAS genes in solid tumors—RAS mutations exist in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. We will review pancreatic cancer epidemiology and its current treatment options, and consider the prospects of immunotherapy, focusing on GI-4000. We discuss the potential mechanism of action of GI-4000, and the performance of this vaccination series thus far in early phase clinical trials.
Adaptive Pixel Encoding: An Effective Algorithm for Frame Buffer Compression (2012)

Display controller processes a great amount of data within a bounded time and thus requires high memory bandwidth. The memory bandwidth will dominate system performance, especially in embedded systems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm called APE (Adaptive Pixel Encoding) for loss less frame buffer compression considering high compression performance and real time operation. The algorithm combines dictionary coding and run length coding to achieve a low compression ratio. We integrate APE frame buffer compression architecture into a display controller. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gains 19.7% of compression ratio and 66.2% of memory bandwidth reduction ratio during sweep operation. It is much more effective than all previous works.
Tunable InGaAsP Lasers for Spectral Measurements of High Bandwidth Fibers (1982)

An ultrashort-cavity thin-film laser of InGaAsP, pumped with a mode-locked and Q-switched Nd: YAG laser, has been used as the source and an InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiode as the detector to demonstrate a system capable of measuring bandwidths of 8.5 GHz in single-mode optical fibers. The film laser emits pulses shorter than 10 ps and is tunable over 1700 A near the chromatic dispersion minimum in fibers.
How to Improve English Reading Ability (2010)

With the internationalization of our society, reading in English is the major way to get information. Based on the current reading state, this thesis summarizes good habits of reading, mentions several reading skills to improve reading speed and achieve reading goal.
Video-imaging of lumen narrowing; muscle shortening and flow responsiveness in isolated bronchial segments of the pig (1994)

The amount of smooth muscle shortening required to cause narrowing of the bronchial lumen and to significantly alter airflow in an airway has not not been measured. Accordingly, in this study, the lumens of isolated fluid-filled bronchial segments from pigs were directly visualized using a fibreoptic endoscope and video-recording. The extent of lumen narrowing was related to smooth muscle contraction, determined morphometrically, and to bronchial lumen flow. Narrowing was produced by electrical field stimulation (EFS), (70 V, 20 Hz, 2-3 ms) and acetylcholine (ACh), (10(-5)-10(-2) M). The diameter of the relaxed bronchial lumen and the reduction in diameter produced by maximum electrical field stimulation were both greater when the transmural pressure was increased (from -8 to 20 cmH2O). The percentage change in diameter produced by electrical field stimulation was not, however, significantly different over this pressure range. Electrical field stimulation caused the bronchial lumen to narrow by 28.5 +/- 3.3% in diameter, and by 45.7 +/- 3.8% in cross-sectional area, at zero transmural pressure. Maximum doses of acetylcholine (10(-2) M) reduced the lumen diameter by 48.3 +/- 3.3%, and the area by 70.3 +/- 4.8%. In separate experiments, maximum doses of ACh stopped the flow of Krebs solution perfused through the lumen of bronchial segments. Morphometric measurements indicated that smooth muscle shortened by a maximum of 32.5 +/- 2.8% to acetylcholine 10(2) M, relative to fully-relaxed dimensions. Simultaneous imaging of the lumen and adventitia of bronchi showed that the luminal margin narrowed more than the adventitia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immunochemical characterization of an IgG-binding protein of Streptococcus suis (1998)

Several bacterial species express surface proteins with affinity for the constant region (Fc) of immunoglobulin (Ig) of different animal species. Previous studies from our group have reported the presence of an IgG-binding protein in various serotypes of Streptococcus suis. This molecule was also shown to bind in a non-immune fashion chicken IgY and to our knowledge this characteristic is unique. In the present study, by dot-blotting, we showed that the native protein, obtained by affinity chromatography, reacted more strongly with IgG from various animal species than the denatured material. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the affinity of the native 60-kDa protein (previously identified as a 52-kDa protein) towards IgG of various animal species was compared to pig IgG. Bovine, goat and human IgG were able to compete effectively with pig IgG whereas chicken IgY constituted a poor competitor. Peptide mapping analysis using denatured protein indicated that pig and bovine IgG recognized the same proteolytic fragment whereas chicken IgY did not. The smallest proteolytic fragment that retained the binding activity towards the IgG of the different animal species tested had a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa. Fragments with Mr < 40 kDa showed specific binding activities. That is, the smallest fragment binding pig and bovine IgG had a Mr of 30 kDa whereas for goat and human IgG a fragment of less than 16 kDa still showed binding activity. Finally, we observed that antisera raised against a heat-shock protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reacted with the 60-kDa S. suis protein indicating that the S. suis 60-kDa protein is a member of the 60-kDa hsp family that possesses the characteristic of binding in a non-immune way mammalian IgG and chicken IgY.
A robustness measure for hypercube networks (2002)

This paper addresses a constrained two-terminal reliability measure referred to as Distance Reliability (DR) between two nodes s and t of Hamming distance H(s,t). in hypercube networks (B/sub n/). The shortest distance restriction guarantees optimal communication delay between processors and high link/node utilization across the network. Moreover, it provides a measure for the robustness of the network. In particular, when H(s,t)=n in B/sub n/, DR will yield the probability of degradation in the diameter, a concept which directly relates to fault-diameter. The paper proposes two schemes to evaluate DR in B/sub n/. The first scheme uses a combinatorial approach by limiting the number of faulty components to (2H(s,t)-2), while the second outlines paths of length H(s,t) and, then, generates a recursive closed-form solution to compute DR. The theoretical results have been verified by simulation. The discrepancy between the theoretical and simulation results is in most cases below 1% and in the worst case 4.6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Malware Attack Predictive Analytics in a Cyber Supply Chain Context Using Machine Learning (2019)

Due to the invincibility nature of cyber attacks on the cyber supply chain (CSC), and the cascading effects ofmalware infections, we use machine learning to predictattacks. As organizations have become more reliant on CSC systems for business continuity, so are the increase invulnerabilities and the threat landscapes. Some traditionalapproach to detecting and defending malware attack haslargely been antimalware or antivirus software such as spam filters, firewall, and IDS/IPS. These tools largelysucceed, however, as threat actors get more intelligent, theyare able to circumvent and affect nodes on systems which then propagates. In our previous work, we characterizedthreat actor activities, including presumed intent and historically observed behaviour, for the purpose of ascertaining the current threats that could be exploited. Inthis paper, we use ML techniques to learn dataset and predict which CSC nodes have detection or no detection. The purpose is to predict which modes are venerable to cyberattacks and for predicting future trends. Todemonstrate the applicability of our approach, we used adataset from Microsoft Malware Prediction website. Further, an ensemble is used to link Logistic Regression, and Decision Tree and SVM algorithms in Majority Votingand run on the training data and then use 10-fold crossvalidation to test the parameter estimation, accurate results and predictions. The results show that ML algorithms in Decision Trees methods can be used in cyber supply chainpredict analytics to detect and predict future cyber attacktrends.
Improving the Longevity and Results of Mastopexy and Breast Reduction Procedures: Reconstructing an Internal Breast Support System with Biocompatible Mesh to Replace the Supporting Function of the Ligamentous Suspension (2011)

With this technique recurrent breast ptosis can be prevented in mastopexy and breast reduction procedures. The results are such that it eliminates the need for silicone prostheses to obtain satisfactory upper-breast fullness. The surgical technique is especially indicated in patients with skin of poor quality or patients with high expectations.