gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three‐fold nature of coastal progradation during the Holocene eustatic highstand, Po Plain, Italy – close correspondence of stratal character with distribution patterns (2019)

Abstract Although general trends in transgressive to highstand sedimentary evolution of river‐mouth coastlines are well‐known, the details of the turnaround from retrogradational (typically estuarine) to aggradational–progradational (typically coastal/deltaic) stacking patterns are not fully resolved. This paper examines the middle to late Holocene eustatic highstand succession of the Po Delta: its stratigraphic architecture records a complex pattern of delta outbuilding and coastal progradation that followed eustatic stabilization, since around 7·7 cal kyr bp . Sedimentological, palaeoecological (benthic foraminifera, ostracods and molluscs) and compositional criteria were used to characterize depositional conditions and sediment‐dispersal pathways within a radiocarbon‐dated chronological framework. A three‐stage progradation history was reconstructed. First, as soon as eustasy stabilized (7·7 to 7·0 cal kyr bp ), rapid bay‐head delta progradation ( ca 5 m year −1 ), fed mostly by the Po River, took place in a mixed, freshwater and brackish estuarine environment. Second, a dominantly aggradational parasequence set of beach‐barrier deposits in the lower highstand systems tract (7·0 to 2·0 cal kyr bp ) records the development of a shallow, wave‐dominated coastal system fed alongshore, with elongated, modestly crescent beaches ( ca 2·5 m year −1 ). Third, in the last 2000 years, the development of faster accreting and more rapidly prograding (up to ca 15 m year −1 ) Po delta lobes occurred into 30 m deep waters (upper highstand systems tract). This study documents the close correspondence of sediment character with stratal distribution patterns within the highstand systems tract. Remarkable changes in sediment characteristics, palaeoenvironments and direction of sediment transport occur across a surface named the ‘A–P surface’. This surface demarcates a major shift from dominantly aggradational (lower highstand systems tract) to fully progradational (upper highstand systems tract) parasequence stacking. In the Po system, this surface also reflects evolution from a wave‐dominated to river‐dominated deltaic system. Identifying the A–P surface through detailed palaeoecological and compositional data can help guide interpretation of highstand systems tracts in the rock record, especially where facies assemblages and their characteristic geometries are difficult to discern from physical sedimentary structures alone.
Recombinant Parvovirus B19 Empty Capsids Inhibit Fetal Hematopoietic Colony Formation in vitro (2000)

Erythroid lineage cells are target cells for human parvovirus B19, and a natural infection often results in transient anemia. To determine whether recombinant B19 capsid proteins (VP1/VP2) also inhibit human hematopoietic progenitor growth, a model system was set up. The B19 capsids were inoculated into primary cultures of hematopoietic stem cells derived from human fetal liver, resulting in a 70-95% reduction of BFU-E (burst-forming unit erythroid cells) as compared with the medium control. A similar effect was seen in human hematopoietic stem cell cultures derived from cord blood and adult bone marrow. Preincubation of the B19 capsids with either a monoclonal antibody to the virus or with B19 IgG positive human sera reduced the inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect could be reduced by preincubating the target cells with a monoclonal antibody to the cellular receptor for the virus, the P antigen. These findings thus show that the inhibition of colony formation of human hematopoietic stem cells can occur in the absence of parvovirus B19 nonstructural proteins. We speculate that B19 capsid could provide a possible strategy to downregulate indigenous hematopoiesis in fetal stem cell transplantations.
Uneven terrain negotiable mobile platform with passively adaptive double tracks and its application to rescue missions (2005)

This paper presents the design and integration of ROBHAZ-DT3, a newly developed mobile robot system with a chained double-track mechanism. It is designed to carry out military and civilian missions in various hazardous environments. A passive adaptation mechanism equipped between the front and rear body enables ROBHAZ-DT3 to have good adaptability to uneven terrains, including stairs. The passive adaptation mechanism reduces energy consumption when moving on uneven terrain. It has a simple design and remote control, since no actuators are equipped for adaptation. Based on this new design concept, dynamic analysis and simulations were conducted to verify the mobility of the double-track mechanism, and to obtain significant design parameters such as the optimal track size and allowable attack angle. Also, dynamic effects in vehicle turning were investigated to assess the proper driving torque. Based on this novel mobile mechanism, a rescue version of ROBHAZ-DT3 with appropriate sensors and a semi-autonomous mapping and localization algorithm was developed to participate in the RoboCup 2004 US Open (Urban Search and Rescue Competition). From the various experiments in the realistic arena, we verified that ROBHAZ-DT3 is reliable when traveling over rugged terrain, and that the proposed mapping and localization algorithm are effective in unstructured environments with uneven ground like the rescue area.
Presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase in inflammatory breast cancer (2013)

Although Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is recognized as the most metastatic variant of locally advanced breast cancer, the molecular basis for the distinct clinical presentation and accelerated program of metastasis of IBC is unknown. Reverse phase protein arrays revealed activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and biochemically-linked downstream signaling molecules including JAK1/STAT3, AKT, mTor, PDK1, and AMPKβ in pre-clinical models of IBC. To evaluate the clinical relevance of ALK in IBC, analysis of 25 IBC patient tumors using the FDA approved diagnostic test for ALK genetic abnormalities was performed. These studies revealed that 20/25 (80%) had either increased ALK copy number, low level ALK gene amplification, or ALK gene expression, with a prevalence of ALK alterations in basal-like IBC. One of 25 patients was identified as having an EML4-ALK translocation. The generality of gains in ALK copy number in basal-like breast tumors with IBC characteristics was demonstrated by analysis of 479 breast tumors using the TGCA data-base and our newly developed 79 IBC-like gene signature. The small molecule dual tyrosine kinase cMET/ALK inhibitor, Crizotinib (PF-02341066/Xalkori®, Pfizer Inc), induced both cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.89 μM) and apoptosis, with abrogation of pALK signaling in IBC tumor cells and in FC-IBC01 tumor xenograft model, a new IBC model derived from pleural effusion cells isolated from an ALK(+) IBC patient. Based on these studies, IBC patients are currently being evaluated for the presence of ALK genetic abnormalities and when eligible, are being enrolled into clinical trials evaluating ALK targeted therapeutics.
Validation of omics based MSI calling to improve upon traditional methods of MSI detection. (2018)

e15663 Background: Detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) status has become a vitally important biomarker for the use of the checkpoint inhibitor immuno-oncology. Traditional MSI detection relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) images of roughly 4 different biomarkers, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. These genes participate in DNA mismatch repair and when absent causes aberrations during DNA replication to persist without being repaired. These aberrations are readily detectable in small repeat regions within the human genome known as microsatellites. Methods: Analysis of 2387 loci across the human genome containing short tandem repeats (STR) allows the analysis of whether MSI is present within the tumor sample. Comparisons of tumor DNA against normal DNA will show differences in the number of STR regions. Tumor samples from whole genome sequencing exhibiting a greater than 2.5% difference in STR regions from normal are considered MSI, while tumor samples from exome sequencing exhibiting a greater than 12.05% difference are considered MSI. Results: Analysis of 158 CRC patients for MSI by IHC revealed 38 patients to be MSI with 120 patients being microsatellite stable (MSS). Further analysis by next-generation sequencing of both tumor and normal of 2387 loci, revealed 32 patients to be MSI and 126 patients to be MSS. These 6 discordant samples were sent out for further MSI testing by PCR and were confirmed to be MSS. We further analyzed 1874 clinical grade samples containing a mix of both primary and metastatic diseases and observed a 2% occurrence of MSI. Conclusions: MSI as determined by next-generation sequencing allows a more accurate determination of true MSI status. This method also allows the identification of MSI from patients with Lynch syndrome, which is not easily detectable by IHC. Misdiagnosis of MSI status may lead to erroneous use of checkpoint inhibitors, which would be costly and potentially ineffective.
Involvement of A pertussis Toxin Sensitive G‐Protein in theInhibition of Inwardly Rectifying K<sup>+</sup> Currents byPlatelet‐Activating Factor in Guinea‐Pig Atrial Cardiomyocytes (1994)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) inhibits single inwardly rectifying K(+) channels in guinea-pig ventricular cells. There is currently little information as to the mechanism by which these channels are modulated. The effect of PAF on quasi steady-state inwardly rectifying K(+) currents (presumably of the I(K1) type) of auricular, atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes from guinea-pig were studied. Applying the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration, PAF (10 nM) reduced the K(+) currents in all three cell types. The inhibitory effect of PAF occurred within seconds and was reversible upon wash-out. It was almost completely abolished by the PAF receptor antagonist BN 50730. Intracellular infusion of atrial cells with guanine 5'-(beta-thio)diphosphate (GDPS) or pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin abolished the PAF dependent reduction of the currents. Neither extracellularly applied isoproterenol nor intracellularly applied adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) attenuated the PAF effect. In multicellular preparations of auricles, PAF (10 nM) induced arrhythmias. The arrhythmogenic activity was also reduced by BN 50730. The data indicate that activated PAF receptors inhibit inwardly rectifying K(+) currents via a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein without involvement of a cyclic AMP-dependent step. Since I(K1) is a major component in stabilizing the resting membrane potential, the observed inhibition of this type of channel could play an important role in PAF dependent arrhythmogenesis in guinea-pig heart.
Gradient Elution Chromatography (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Theory for Gradient Elution with Linear Isotherms LGE Relationships for Ion Exchange Chromatography LGE Relationships for RPC and HIC Separations with pH Gradients Modeling Gradient Elution with Non-linear Isotherms References
New type of haze formation on masks fabricated with Mo-Si blanks (2010)

In our paper we make an analysis of conditions for the haze development on photomask fabricated on Mo-Si containing substrates. We bring in focus cases of haze formation on masks with intrinsically very low contaminants level and being exposed in very well controlled atmosphere. There are clear indications that this new type of haze formation deviates from the generally accepted models not only with respect to the formation mechanisms but also with regard to the chemical composition of the haze products. In our analysis we speculate that the new haze type formation is closely related to the earlier reported CD degradation observed on Mo-Si masks. We also analyze the hypothesis that the ingredients for the haze formation are not only airborne contaminants and/or traces on the mask surface, but are also provided by the substrate material. Finally we present and discuss experimental data in the view of the advanced models.
OS0615 Transport Property and Fracture Mechanism of Cu Laminated YBCO Coated Conductor Under Fatigue Loading in LN_2 (2008)

Ni合金基材上にYBCO超伝導体を薄膜生成したYBCO複合線材に熱的・電気的安定性向上のための銅を接合した銅複合化YBCO線材は,SMES(超伝導磁気エネルギー貯蔵)の超伝導コイルとして実用化が期待されている.SMES稼動時には,線材に対して繰り返しのフープカが作用するため,複合線材の疲労挙動評価が必要不可欠である.本研究では,この複合線材に対して,液体窒素中で疲労試験を実施し,塑性変形を繰り返す銅が複合線材の超伝導特性や破壊メカニズムに及ぼす影響を検討した.その結果,疲労サイクル中の銅の加工硬化により複合線材の疲労寿命が上昇することが示唆された.
High-frequency Ventilation in the Management of Tracheal Trauma (1986)

Two cases of rupture of the trachea were treated by surgical repair. Intraoperative and postoperative ventilation was managed with high-frequency ventilation. This mode of ventilation afforded good intraoperative exposure and support as well as good postoperative ventilation despite pulmonary contusion without requiring inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff against tracheal suture lines. We recommend high-frequency ventilation in the management of tracheobronchial trauma intraoperatively and postoperatively, because it allows good ventilation despite pulmonary contusion without high positive airway pressures and without the necessity for inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff against a tracheal suture line.
Halon Replacement Options for Aircraft (1998)

In 1987, an international treaty---the Montreal Protocol---was established to control the release of materials that cause stratospheric ozone depletion. Under the Protocol, the production of halon fire and explosion protection agents was phased out in all industrialized countries at the end of 1993. To date, no environmentally acceptable halon replacement equivalent to the existing halons in toxicity, effectiveness, and dimensionality across all applications has been identified. A large number of new agents and technologies that provide adequate protection in most applications (usually, with tradeoffs) have, however, been developed. This paper presents an overview of halon options that have been commercialized or are near to commercialization. The term &quot;options&quot; is used here for anything that could be used in place of halons. There are two types of options: (1) &quot;replacements&quot; are halocarbon agents chemically similar to the present halons; (2) &quot;alternatives,&quot; are everything else. &quot;Chem...
Advanced automation concepts applied to Experimental Breeder Reactor-II startup (1991)

The major objective of this work is to demonstrate through simulations that advanced liquid-metal reactor plants can be operated from low power by computer control. Development of an automatic control system with this objective will help resolve specific issues and provide proof through demonstration that automatic control for plant startup is feasible. This paper presents an advanced control system design for startup of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-2 (EBR-2) located at Idaho Falls, Idaho. The design incorporates recent methods in nonlinear control with advanced diagnostics techniques such as neural networks to form an integrated architecture. The preliminary evaluations are obtained in a simulated environment by a low-order, valid nonlinear model. Within the framework of phase 1 research, the design includes an inverse dynamics controller, a fuzzy controller, and an artificial neural network controller. These three nonlinear control modules are designed to follow the EBR-2 startup trajectories in a multi-input/output regime. They are coordinated by a supervisory routine to yield a fault-tolerant, parallel operation. The control system operates in three modes: manual, semiautomatic, and fully automatic control. The simulation results of the EBR-2 startup transients proved the effectiveness of the advanced concepts. The work presented in this paper is a preliminary feasibility analysis and does not constitute a final design of an automated startup control system for EBR-2. 14 refs., 43 figs.
Experimental evaluation of combined reference frames transformation for stator fault detection in multi-phase machines (2013)

This paper focuses on the modeling and experimental validation of a diagnostic index for fault detection in multiphase machines. Experiments are carried out on of a five-phase permanent-magnet machine designed for fault tolerant applications. The diagnostic index is aimed at stator faults detection and is based upon the combination of information from two different reference frames. The diagnostic index effectiveness and robustness are assessed by Finite Element analysis and experiments.
Synthesis, X-ray structure, thermal stability and reactions of triaryl(3-oxoalkyl)bismuthonium salts (1995)

Treatment of triarylbismuth difluorides 2 with siloxycyclopropanes 3 in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) or boron trifluoride–diethyl ether gave the corresponding triaryl(3-oxoalkyl)bismuthonium salts 4 as crystals. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of the triflate 4a showed that the central bismuth atom has a distorted tetrahedral geometry with weak intramolecular coordination by the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group and triflate anion. Whilst all onium salts 4 are thermally stable in a solid state, the triflate 4a slowly decomposed in chloroform to give triphenylbismuthane 6 and an ester 7 quantitatively. In nucleophilic solvents such as MeOH, DMSO and DMF, both triflate 4a and tetrafluoroborate 4d underwent decomposition in a complicated way to afford the bismuthane 6, 3-methoxypropanoyl compounds 8a,b, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 9a,b, diphenylbismuth triflate 10a or tetrafluoroborate 10b and alkoxysulfonium salts 11a,b. The formate 12 was an additional product from 4d in DMF. The bismuthonium salt 4d reacted with dimethyl sulfide 13 and sodium benzenesulfinate 15 to afford the sulfonium salt 14 and the sulfonyl ketone 16, respectively. Reaction of the salt 4d with potassium halides 17 in DMF gave the enone 9b, formate 12 and halogeno ketone 18 in varying yields depending on the nucleophilic nature of the halogen anions employed. When treated with KOBut, the salt 4d underwent facile β-elimination to yield the enone 9b. In all of these reactions, the triphenylbismuthane moiety behaved as a good leaving group.
Effects of DIDS on the chick retinal pigment epithelium. II. Mechanism of the light peak and other responses originating at the basal membrane (1989)

4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) appears to block a Cl- conductance in the basal membrane of the chick retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (Gallemore and Steinberg, 1989). The present paper describes the effect of DIDS, as well as effects of anion movement blockade with other pharmacological agents, on 3 responses that originate as depolarizations of the RPE basal membrane: the light peak of the DC electroretinogram, the response to sodium azide, and the response to a small transtissue hyperosmotic gradient. Intracellular and extracellular potentials, and measurements of subretinal [K+]o were obtained from an in vitro preparation of chick retina-RPE-choroid. Choroidal perfusion with each of 4 anion transport and Cl- channel blockers (DIDS, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene, phenylanthranylic acid, and thiocyanate) suppressed the light peak. DIDS, the most potent agent, abolished the basal membrane light-peak depolarization. Choroidal perfusion with azide depolarized the basal membrane and decreased its apparent resistance, Rba, as in cat (Linsenmeier and Steinberg, 1987). The basal membrane depolarization, recorded extracellularly as an increase in the transtissue potential (TTP), was blocked by DIDS. Azide also increased RPE c-wave amplitude, which could be explained by the decrease in Rba, and it suppressed the light peak. As previously described (Shirao and Steinberg, 1987), a 25 mOsm transtissue hyperosmotic load (retinal side hyperosmotic) increased the TTP, increased the c-wave and decreased the transtissue resistance. DIDS suppressed each of these effects. We conclude that the light peak, the response to azide, and the response to a retinal hyperosmotic load may each originate as an increase in a basal membrane anion conductance that may be permeable to chloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase synchronization scheme for a practical phase sensitive amplifier of ASK-NRZ signals (2011)

We present a phase locking scheme that enables the demonstration of a practical dual pump degenerate phase sensitive amplifier for 10 Gbit/s non-return to zero amplitude shift keying signals. The scheme makes use of cascaded Mach Zehnder modulators for creating the pump frequencies as well as of injection locking for extracting the signal carrier and synchronizing the local lasers. An in depth optimization study has been performed, based on measured error rate performance, and the main degradation factors have been identified.
HZwint-1, a novel human kinetochore component that interacts with HZW10 (2000)

HZwint-1 (Human ZW10 interacting protein-1) was identified in a yeast two hybrid screen for proteins that interact with HZW10. HZwint-1 cDNA encodes a 43 kDa protein predicted to contain an extended coiled-coil domain. Immunofluorescence studies with sera raised against HZwint-1 protein revealed strong kinetochore staining in nocodazole-arrested chromosome spreads. This signal co-localizes at the kinetochore with HZW10, at a position slightly outside of the central part of the centromere as revealed by staining with a CREST serum. The kinetochore localization of HZwint-1 has been confirmed by following GFP fluorescence in HeLa cells transiently transfected with a plasmid encoding a GFP/HZwint-1 fusion protein. In cycling HeLa cells, HZwint-1 localizes to the kinetochore of prophase HeLa cells prior to HZW10 localization, and remains at the kinetochore until late in anaphase. This localization pattern, combined with the two-hybrid results, suggests that HZwint-1 may play a role in targeting HZW10 to the kinetochore at prometaphase. HZwint-1 was also found to localize to neocentromeres and to the active centromere of dicentric chromosomes. HZwint-1 thus appears to associate with all active centromeres, implying that it plays an important role in correct centromere function.