gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Functionalization of Cyclopropane Derivatives Using Bromine/Magnesium and Sulfoxide/Magnesium Exchange Reactions (2005)

The reaction of 2,2-dibromo-1-methyl-cyclopropanecarbonitrile (1) with i-PrMgCl in Et(2)O/CH(2)Cl(2) provides the cis-magnesium-carbenoid (2), which reacts with high retention of configuration with various electrophiles. If E = SPh, a stereoselective generation of a quaternary center via a sequential Br/Mg- and sulfoxide/Mg-exchange can be achieved. [reaction: see text]
Preparation and Diels−Alder Reactivity of 1-Amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadienes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPreparation and Diels−Alder Reactivity of 1-Amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadienesSergey A. Kozmin and Viresh H. RawalView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 16, 5252–5253Publication Date (Web):August 8, 1997Publication History Received10 March 1997Revised20 June 1997Published online8 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970438qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970438qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5455Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Adducts,Cyclization,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
Concomitant chemoradiotherapy: rationale and clinical experience in patients with solid tumors. (1990)

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy can be used in order to increase both the local and systemic control of solid tumors. The rationale for its use and experimental data for selected chemotherapy drugs are reviewed. Clinical trials have focused on increasing complete response (CR) and survival rates; in addition, improved quality of life by decreasing the use of conventional surgical procedures is being pursued. Both of these goals may have been achieved for some tumors, most notably for anal cell carcinoma. Improved survival with concomitant chemoradiotherapy has also been shown for patients treated on randomized studies for pancreatic, colorectal, small-cell lung, head and neck, and cervical cancer. These results call for the continued investigation of this approach in the laboratory and in the clinic.
Photosensitive and Phototropic Products of Solid State Reaction between Silver Sulfide and Mercuric Iodide (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitive and Phototropic Products of Solid State Reaction between Silver Sulfide and Mercuric IodideLawrence Suchow and George R. PondCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 3, 240–242Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150513a012https://doi.org/10.1021/j150513a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
On dynamical correlations in supercooled liquids (1999)

Abstract We show how the growth of a dynamical correlation length and its associated susceptibility recently observed by the present authors and co-workers as T c is approached can be understood in an appropriate theoretical framework. We discuss some predictions for these quantities in the region below T c which have not yet been explored in numerical simulations.
Inhibition of Porcine Elastase by Turkey Ovomucoid and Chicken Ovoinhibitor (1971)

1 Turkey ovomucoid and chicken ovoinhibitor which have been found to be inhibitors of bovine trypsin and α-chymotrypsin can inhibit the esterolytic activities of porcine elastase. The formation of the complex between the elastase and each inhibitor could be demonstrated by means of electrophoresis at pH 6.9. The complexes are formed in molar ratios of one to one. They are stable and no temporary inhibition could be observed. 2 The complexes of porcine elastase with turkey ovomucoid and chicken ovoinhibitor inhibit bovine trypsin at the same molar ratio as free inhibitors. The complex of tryspin with these inhibitors inhibit elastase as do the free inhibitors. The complex of porcine elastase with turkey ovomucoid does not inhibit bovine chymotrypsin and the complex of chymotrypsin with this inhibitor does not inhibit elastase. The complex of porcine elastase with chicken ovoinhibitor inhibits bovine chymotrypsin but not the alkaline proteinase from Aspergillus sojae. The complex of this inhibitor with bovine chymotrypsin inhibits the porcine elastase while the complex with alkaline proteinase does not. It was concluded, therefore, that turkey ovomucoid has two independent binding sites, one for trypsin and the other for chymotrypsin or elastase and that chicken ovoinhibitor has three independent binding sites, one for trypsin, another for chymotrypsin and a third one for either elastase or alkaline proteinase. 3 The complexes between porcine elastase and turkey ovomucoid or chicken ovoinhibitor are not adsorbed on elastin whereas elastase is. 4 Kunitz soybean and pancreatic trypsin inhibitors, Birk-Bowman soybean trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor, groundnut and lima bean trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors do not inhibit the esterolytic, proteolytic and elasteolytic activities of porcine elastase, even in weight ratios in excess of 10:1.
Translational control of thyroglobulin synthesis by TSH: Evidence from polyribosome analyses (1977)

SCOPUS: NotDefined.j
Preliminary Evaluation of Visibility in Hazardous Materials Level a Suit (2002)

This paper evaluated the problem of visibility of a hazardous materials (hazmat) responder while wearing a level A hazmat suit. An experiment was performed to judge the amount of time a level A hazmat suit can be worn in normal working conditions without fogging and reducing visibility. After an initial evaluation, hypothesis and alternatives to prevent the fogging of the suit were formed. An experiment was performed testing the alternatives of antifogging agents to physical moisture barriers. From the experiment, a short-term solution, the use of anti-fog spray, and a long-term solution, the use of a cone shaped moisture barrier, were formed to correct the visibility problem facing the users of this suit.
Production, purification and characterization of the catalytic domain of glucoamylase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1993)

The catalytic domain of glucoamylases G1 and G2 from Aspergillus niger is produced in vitro in high yield by limited proteolysis using either subtilisin Novo or subtilisin Carlsberg. Purification by affinity chromatography on an acarbose-Sepharose column followed by ion-exchange chromatography on HiLoad Q-Sepharose leads to separation of a number of structurally closely related forms of domain. The cleavage occurs primarily between Val-470 and Ala-471 as indicated by C-terminal sequencing, whereas the N-terminus is intact. Subtilisin Carlsberg, in addition, produces a type of domain which is hydrolysed before Ser-444, an O-glycosylated residue. This leaves the fragment Ser-444-Val-470 disulphide-bonded to the large N-terminal part of the catalytic domain. Subtilisin Novo, in contrast, tends to yield a minor fraction of forms extending approx. 30-40 amino-acid residues beyond Val-470. The thermostability is essentially the same for the single-chain catalytic domain and the original glucoamylases G1 and G2, whereas the catalytic domain cut between Ser-443 and Ser-444 is less thermostable. For both types of domain the kinetic parameters, Km and kcat., for hydrolysis of maltose are very close to the values found for glucoamylases G1 and G2.
Cellobiose dehydrogenase and chitosan‐based lysozyme responsive materials for antimicrobial wound treatment (2016)

The treatment of wound infection still constitutes a major threat in health care due to the increasing number of bacterial resistances and the difficulty of timely infection detection. Here, we present a smart antimicrobial system that is activated in case of infection based on elevated lysozyme activities. N-acetyl chitosan (degree of N-acetylation: 40%) was synthesized and hydrolysis by lysozyme in artificial wound fluid (AWF) was demonstrated. This resulted in the formation of N-acetylated chito oligosaccharides (COS) with a degree of polymerization of 2-5 units. The COS were shown to serve as substrate for cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) leading to the production of 1 mM antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> ) after 24 h incubation at 37°C in AWF. Growth inhibition was seen upon incubation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with this chitosan-CDH system over 8 h. This approach represents the first self-regulating system for the infection responsive inhibition of bacterial growth in response to lysozyme as infection biomarker. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 416-422. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solid-State NMR and Raman Spectroscopy To Address the Local Structure of Defects and the Tricky Issue of the Cu/Zn Disorder in Cu-Poor, Zn-Rich CZTS Materials (2014)

The material Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS) offers a promising indium-free alternative to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 for the absorber layer in thin-film solar cells. It is known that the highest solar energy conversion efficiencies are reached for Cu-poor, Zn-rich CZTS compositions and that too much disorder at the Cu and Zn sites can have a negative impact on the device performance. In this article, we investigate the structures of [VCu + ZnCu] A-type and [2ZnCu + ZnSn] B-type defect complexes and their impact on the long-range Cu/Zn disorder. To that end, we use (119)Sn, (65)Cu, and (67)Zn solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy to characterize powdered CZTS samples. For both A- and B-type substitutions, our NMR investigations demonstrate the clustering of the complexes. Moreover, we show that (A+B)-type compounds should be considered as A-type and B-type compounds, since no interaction seems to exist between [VCu + ZnCu] and [2ZnCu + ZnSn] defect complexes. In addition, it is worth noting that [2ZnCu + ZnSn] complexes have only a minor impact on the level of disorder at the Cu and Zn sites. In contrast, [VCu + ZnCu] complexes seem to restrain the random distribution of Cu at the Zn site and of Zn at the Cu site; i.e., the long-range Cu/Zn disorder. Raman characterization of the CZTS samples was also conducted. The Q = I287/I303 and the newly introduced Q' = I338/(I366 + I374) ratios determined from Raman spectra collected at 785 nm turn out to be very sensitive to the level of Cu/Zn disorder. Moreover, they can be used to differentiate the nature of the substitution in slow-cooled materials.
Conductometric Sensor for Soot Mass Flow Detection in Exhausts of Internal Combustion Engines (2015)

Soot sensors are required for on-board diagnostics (OBD) of automotive diesel particulate filters (DPF) to detect filter failures. Widely used for this purpose are conductometric sensors, measuring an electrical current or resistance between two electrodes. Soot particles deposit on the electrodes, which leads to an increase in current or decrease in resistance. If installed upstream of a DPF, the "engine-out" soot emissions can also be determined directly by soot sensors. Sensors were characterized in diesel engine real exhausts under varying operation conditions and with two different kinds of diesel fuel. The sensor signal was correlated to the actual soot mass and particle number, measured with an SMPS. Sensor data and soot analytics (SMPS) agreed very well, an impressing linear correlation in a double logarithmic representation was found. This behavior was even independent of the used engine settings or of the biodiesel content.
A compact gamma camera for biological imaging (2006)

A compact detector, sized particularly for imaging a mouse, is described. The active area of the detector is approximately 46 mm /spl times/ 96 mm. Two flat-panel Hamamatsu H8500 position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs) are coupled to a pixellated NaI(Tl) scintillator which views the animal through a copper-beryllium (CuBe) parallel-hole collimator specially designed for /sup 125/I. Although the PSPMTs have insensitive areas at their edges and there is a physical gap, corrections for scintillation light collection at the junction between the two tubes results in a uniform response across the entire rectangular area of the detector. The system described has been developed to optimize both sensitivity and resolution for in-vivo imaging of small animals injected with iodinated compounds. We demonstrate an in-vivo application of this detector, particularly to SPECT, by imaging mice injected with approximately 10-15 /spl mu/Ci of /sup 125/I.
Filter-Driven Four Wave Mixing Laser with a Controllable Repetition Rate (2017)

<p>\n\tWe demonstrate a robust control over the repetition rate of a micro-comb laser by using the Filter-Driven Four Wave Mixing scheme. Results show that the coherence can be kept during the whole process. &copy; OSA 2017.</p>
Loss of Sonic Hedgehog in the adult stomach results in foveolar hyperplasia and delayed differentiation of the zymogenic cell lineage (2010)

Objective Parietal cell‐expressed Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) regulates function and differentiation of the gastric epithelium. Correlative evidence shows that loss of Shh expression associated with Helicobacter pylori infection results in the disruption of the normal gastric epithelium. We sought to identify whether Shh regulates gastric epithelial cell differentiation in the absence of inflammation. Methods A parietal cell‐specific, tamoxifen‐inducible deletion of Shh mouse model was developed (HKCre Ind /Shh KO ). Epithelial cell proliferation and migration was studied using BrdU and Ki67 co‐immunostaining. Cell lineage changes were studied using markers specific for surface mucous (Ulex europaeus, UEAI), mucous neck (Griffonia simplicifolia, GSII) and zymogen (intrinsic factor, IF) cells. Results Compared to Controls, HKCre Ind /Shh KO mice developed foveolar hyperplasia reflected by an expansion of BrdU/UEAI positive cells. HKCre Ind /Shh KO mice also showed an expansion of GSII/IF co‐expressing cells at the base of the gastric gland. Co‐localization of BrdU and Ki67 revealed loss of normal migration of the epithelial cells within HKCre Ind /Shh KO mouse stomachs. Conclusion Loss of Shh in the adult stomach results in the development of foveolar hyperplasia and delayed differentiation of the zymogenic cell lineage independent of inflammation. (DHC Pilot and Feasibility Project Award, Zavros)
HP34P EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA OF MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (MALT) TYPE OF THE GALLBLADDER (2007)

Purpose Extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type of the gallbladder is rare. We described a case of MALT lymphoma of the gallbladder with splenic and pulmonary dissemination, followed by a review of similar cases reported in English literature. Background A 60 year old woman presented to our surgical unit with abnormal liver function tests and gallbladder thickening on ultrasonography. Cholecystectomy revealed a chronically inflamed gallbladder with multiple gallstones. Histology showed abnormal sheets of small B lymphoid cells which were CD 20 positive, consistent with a diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. Staging CT showed bilateral pulmonary nodules and mild splenomegaly. PET scan demonstrated increase uptake in lung fields and normal uptake in spleen, bone marrow and lymph node. Bone marrow examination was negative. Final diagnosis is Stage 4 extranodal MALT. She remained in remission on three‐month review. No additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy was administered. Discussion Extranodal MALT lymphoma of the gallbladder has similar epidemiological features with other extranodal MALT lymphomas. Most patients present with symptoms consistent with cholecystitis. As the gallbladder does not normally contain lymphocytes, persistent lymphoid proliferation due to chronic inflammation may represent a critical step in the development and progression of MALT lymphoma ( 1 ). Cholecystectomy without adjuvant therapy is appropriate first line treatment if there is no other symptomatic disease ( 2 ). Long term surveillance for relapse and second lymphoma should be considered.
AM-FM image analysis techniques (2002)

We present an overview of AM-FM image analysis techniques. Many nonstationary textured images are multi-partite, and may be considered to comprise several locally narrowband components. We introduce a multi-component AM-FM model useful in describing such images, and show that the components may be demodulated on a spatially local basis using multiband filtering followed by a computationally efficient nonlinear algorithm. We outline practical approaches both for estimating the locally dominant image frequencies and for computing a full AM-FM image representation. Finally, we discuss how the estimated frequencies may be used to compute flow lines.
A Time Domain Spectral Element for Coupled Piezoelectric Actuator/Sensor with Complex Thin-Walled Assembly Structures (2011)

Characterised by geometrical flexibility, and robustness with respect to realistic conditions modelling such as non-uniform damping, the finite element method (FEM) has dominated the field of numerical simulation of wave propagation phenomena. The main challenge in wide adoption of FEM in numerical simulation of SHM systems based on GW propagation is the prohibitive computational requirements. This paper presents a structured mesh approach with nonequal number of nodes along the element edges, in order to optimize the use of an efficient variant of FEM, spectral element method (SEM) to model relatively complex thin-walled assembly structures. As low as three nodes per thickness can be used, while using a larger number of nodes in the length direction of a two dimensional structure. The presented approach does not require a modification in the element integration, thus preserving the spectral convergence rate of the method. For the modelling of the coupling between the piezoceramic element and the structure, the proposed approach implements mixed implicit/explicit time integration. The propagation of GW has been simulated using ANSYS as a representative of the FEM, compared with experimental measurements and with the results of an in-house developed code implementing the proposed optimized spectral element. The results presented as a comparison of the computational requirements and accuracy for both FEM and SEM, show a higher efficiency for the SEM for the same accuracy.
Cotton DNA fingerprinting for Gossypium: the use of M13 phage DNA as a hybridization probe (1993)

Геномная «дактилоскопия» с использованием в качестве гибридизаиионной пробы ДНК фага M13 находит все более широкое применение в области исследования структуры генома растений.Сравнительный анализ гипервариабельных участков генома различных сортов и видов хлопчатника Gossypium показал, что эта технология позволяет выявить межсортовые и межвидовые различия.
A Flexible High Perfomance Serial Radix-2 FFT Butterfly Arithmetic Unit (1985)

This paper describes the architecture and the design of a high performance single chip Radix-2 FFT Butterfly. The architecture is optimized to a very efficient bit-serial data processing and to a pipeline-parallel hardware structures. The design is based on a standard cell approach including LSSD test capabilities. The circuit has been fabricated at CNET (centre of Meylan Grenoble France) as part of French MPC with 4.5μ NMOS technology. It contains about 6000 transistors. The chip area is 20 mm2. The circuit uses dynamic logic controlled by a nonoverlapping two phese clock up to 20Mhz. Power dissipation is about 900mw. The chip performs up to 10.5 millions 16×12 bits real multiplications/s.
Genetic and genomic approaches for R-gene mediated disease resistance in tomato: retrospects and prospects (2012)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the world's most important vegetable crops. Managing the health of this crop can be particularly challenging; crop resistance may be overcome by new pathogen races while new pathogens have been introduced by global agricultural markets. Tomato is extensively used as a model plant for resistance studies and much has been attained through both genetic and biotechnological approaches. In this paper, we illustrate genomic methods currently employed to preserve resistant germplasm and to facilitate the study and transfer of resistance genes, and we describe the genomic organization of R-genes. Patterns of gene activation during disease resistance response, identified through functional approaches, are depicted. We also describe the opportunities offered by the use of new genomic technologies, including high-throughput DNA sequencing, large-scale expression data production and the comparative hybridization technique, whilst reporting multifaceted approaches to achieve genetic tomato disease control. Future strategies combining the huge amount of genomic and genetic data will be able to accelerate development of novel resistance varieties sustainably on a worldwide basis. Such strategies are discussed in the context of the latest insights obtained in this field.