gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Models for Stress-Laminated Solid Wood Decks (2015)

Stress laminated timber bridge decks consist of planks or glulam timber members that are put together side by side to form plates or solid volumes of wood to be used as bridge decks. The decks may also be used for other purposes than bridge decks. Load-carrying capacities of these decks are very high and friction alone carries load between individual members. Friction is achieved by using prestressed steel rods through the decks that give normal compressive forces between members, see Fig.1. The load vs. displacement curve for a transversally loaded deck is normally nonlinear even for low load values but especially for high loads due to partial slip between members. FE simulations and laboratory tests for behaviour have been made earlier, see [1], [2], [3]. Two different approaches for FE-simulations have been used, one with an elastic-plastic material model without discrete member modeling and another with discrete member modeling and contact surfaces between members. In the presentation a summary of earlier results are shown and also some recent results due to additional features in the FE models. The additions are possibilities too simulate gaps between members for the elastic-plastic model and results from butt-end modeling with the contact model. Fig. 2 shows an example of a non-linear load vs. displacement curve for a model with butt-end joints in the deck.
Model based design of an avionics Power Line Communications physical layer (2015)

Transmitting data over the aircraft power distribution network using Power Line Communications (PLC) technology provides an interesting solution for providing significant aircraft wiring weight, volume and complexity savings. A PLC protocol dedicated for real-time, safety-critical applications has been developed. The physical layer of the protocol is based on the international IEEE 1901 standard. An overview of the advanced digital signal processing techniques required to provide robust communications over the harsh power line communications channel is provided. In order to cope with the complexity in the realization of the physical layer, a process using model based design based on concepts from DO-254 and DO-331 is proposed. This process is used for the hardware-based design and verification of the PLC protocol.
Site-Specific Production of IL-6 in the Central Nervous System Retargets and Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2009)

IL-6 is crucial for the induction of many murine models of autoimmunity including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. To establish the role of site-specific production of IL-6 in autoimmunity, we examined myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunization-induced EAE in transgenic mice (GFAP-IL6) with IL-6 production restricted to the cerebellum. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunized (Mi-) GFAP-IL6 mice developed severe ataxia but no physical signs of spinal cord involvement, which was in sharp contrast to Mi-wild type (WT) animals that developed classical EAE with ascending paralysis. Immune pathology and demyelination were nearly absent from the spinal cord, but significantly increased in the cerebellum of Mi-GFAP-IL6 mice. Tissue damage in the cerebellum in the Mi-GFAP-IL6 mice was accompanied by increased total numbers of infiltrating leukocytes and increased proportions of both neutrophils and B-cells. With the exception of IL-17 mRNA, which was elevated in both control immunized and Mi-GFAP-IL6 cerebellum, the level of other cytokine and chemokine mRNAs were comparable with Mi-WT cerebellum whereas significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA were found in Mi-WT spinal cord. Thus, site-specific production of IL-6 in the cerebellum redirects trafficking away from the normally preferred antigenic site the spinal cord and acts as a leukocyte "sink" that markedly enhances the inflammatory cell accumulation and disease. The mechanisms underlying this process likely include the induction of specific chemokines, activation of microglia, and activation and loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier present in the cerebellum of the GFAP-IL6 mice before the induction of EAE.
Comparison of the Persistence of Atrazine and Metolachlor under Field and Laboratory Conditions (2000)

A study was carried out in a loamy soil to evaluate the degradation of atrazine and metolachlor under laboratory-controlled and field-variable conditions as a function of temperature and soil moisture content. In laboratory trials, metolachlor showed fast degradation, with half-lives from 100 to 5.7 days in a temperature range from 5 to 35 degrees C at 100% of field capacity, whereas in the same conditions the degradation rate of atrazine was relatively slow, with half-lives from 407 to 23 days. Modeling of laboratory degradation data to predict field persistence was carried out. Field persistence of atrazine and metolachlor was measured in the same soil during the corn growing seasons in 1993, 1994, and 1996. In the three years the mean half-dissipation times for atrazine and metolachlor were 36 and 21 days, respectively. Calculations from model equations gave acceptable prediction of field dissipation of both herbicides. Limitations and perspectives of employed modelization procedure are discussed.
Comparative top down proteomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from kidney transplant recipients with normal kidney biopsies or acute rejection (2016)

Recent studies utilizing transcriptomics, metabolomics, and bottom up proteomics have identified molecular signatures of kidney allograft pathology. Although these results make significant progress toward non-invasive differential diagnostics of dysfunction of a transplanted kidney, they provide little information on the intact, often modified, protein molecules present during progression of this pathology. Because intact proteins underpin diverse biological processes, measuring the relative abundance of their modified forms promises to advance mechanistic understanding, and might provide a new class of biomarker candidates. Here, we used top down proteomics to inventory the modified forms of whole proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) taken at the time of kidney biopsy for 40 kidney allograft recipients either with healthy transplants or those suffering acute rejection. Supported by gas-phase fragmentation of whole protein ions during tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 344 proteins mapping to 2905 distinct molecular forms (proteoforms). Using an initial implementation of a label-free approach to quantitative top down proteomics, we obtained evidence suggesting relative abundance changes in 111 proteoforms between the two patient groups. Collectively, our work is the first to catalog intact protein molecules in PBMCs and suggests differentially abundant proteoforms for further analysis.
Acute conjunctivitis: truth and misconceptions (2009)

Considerable light has been shed on acute microbial conjunctivitis and especially those cases caused by adenovirus. Many of the myths that have perpetuated for years have been debunked by emerging evidence. The advent and the implementation of better diagnostic tools and anti-viral medications will help clinicians to improve their diagnostic accuracy, improve management and treatment decisions, and ultimately benefit patients while saving overall healthcare costs.
Purification and some properties of a lectin from the hemolymph of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) (1987)

A lectin showing specificity for human A-type red blood cells was purified to homogeneity from the hemolymph of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana by affinity chromatography on bovine submaxillary gland mucin. This lectin was a huge molecule with molecular mass of about 1500 kDa, with a single subunit of 30-kDa protein, and required Ca2+ for expression of lectin activity. Electron microscopic examination showed that these molecules were rods with helical structure with an average length of 50.5 nm and width of 10 nm. The molecule was suggested to contain tandemly aligned basic units of 10 nm length.
Cover Feature: Colloidal Clusters of Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Controlled Topological Parameters (ChemNanoMat 10/2017) (2017)

By maneuvering of the amount of Au precursors in the galvanic replacement of Ag nanoprisms, colloidal clusters of plasmonic Au nanoparticles with well-controlled topological parameters were successfully prepared. The link between the particle-size dependence of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity of the Au nanoparticle clusters and the relative contributions of the areal density and magnitude of field enhancement of hot spots in the Au nanoparticle clusters was also explored. More information can be found in the Full Paper by S. W. Han et al. on page 772 in Issue 10, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201700152).
Time-lapse imaging and inversion of decentralized dispersed source array seismic data (2018)

In Dispersed Source Arrays (DSA) acquisitions, traditional broadband seismic sources are replaced (or supported) with dedicated narrower band devices with different central frequencies, blended together to cover the entire temporal and spatial bandwidth of interest. The recent advances in unmanned systems technology and the improved operational flexibility enabled by the limited dimensions of most DSA devices may be beneficial to the data acquisition efficiency. In fact, with DSAs the use of relatively simple autonomous devices becomes a practical proposition for seismic surveys. In a marine environment we might consider employing several autonomous source boats at the same time, while on land a combination of autonomous source trucks of varied dimensions and designs is suggested. This abstract presents a real-time decentralized and automated approach to acquisition design in order to handle the larger number of sources simultaneously operational in the field. Additionally, using the Simultaneous Joint Migration Inversion (SJMI) technology it is possible to reliably recover time-lapse information despite the significant mismatch between baseline and monitor survey geometries introduced by the decentralized acquisition method. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 17, 2018 Start Time: 9:20:00 AM Location: Poster Station 21 Presentation Type: Poster
Genetic variation and dynamics of hepatitis C virus replicons in long-term cell culture (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic sequences are known to vary widely among HCV strains, but to date there have been few reports on the genetic variations and dynamics of HCV in an experimental system of HCV replication. In this study, a genetic analysis of HCV replicons obtained in long-term culture of two HCV replicon cells (50-1 and 1B-2R1), which were established from two HCV strains, 1B-1 and 1B-2, respectively, was performed. One person cultured 50-1 cells for 18 months, and two people independently cultured 50-1 cells for 12 months. 1B-2R1 cells were also cultured for 12 months. The whole nucleotide sequences of the three independent replicon RNA clones obtained at several time points were determined. It was observed that genetic mutations in both replicons accumulated in a time-dependent manner, and that the mutation rates of both replicons were approximately 3.0 x 10(-3) base substitutions/site/year. The genetic diversity of both replicons was also enlarged in a time-dependent manner. The colony formation assay by transfection of total RNAs isolated from both replicon cells at different time points into naive HuH-7 cells revealed that the genetic mutations accumulating with time in both replicons apparently improved colony formation efficiency. Taken together, these results suggest that the HCV replicon system is useful for the analysis of evolutionary dynamics and variations of HCV. Using this replicon cell culture system, it was demonstrated further that neither ribavirin nor its derivative mizoribine accelerated the mutation rate or the increase in the genetic diversity of HCV replicon.
Impacts of Fire on Hydrology and Erosion in Steep Mountain Big Sagebrush Communities (2003)

Wildfire is an important ecological process and management issue on western rangelands. Major unknowns associated with wildfire are its affects on vegetation and soil conditions that influence hydrologic processes including infiltration, surface runoff, erosion, sediment transport, and flooding. Post wildfire hydrologic response was studied in big sagebrush plant communities on steep slopes with coarse-textured soils. Significant rill erosion was observed following both thunderstorm and rapid snowmelt events. Rainfall simulation and controlled overland flow techniques were used to study post-fire effects on infiltration, and interrill and rill erosion processes on burned and adjacent unburned areas. Results indicate that burn severity and the development of water repellent soil conditions play significant roles in determining infiltration and interrill erosion rates, particularly on shrub coppice dunes characterized by high surface litter accumulations. The most dramatic and long-lasting affect of fire was on rill erosion processes by reducing ground cover needed to slow and spread water as it moves across the soil surface. Ongoing research efforts are aimed at characterizing the hydrologic impacts of prescribed fire used as a tool to manage vegetation and mitigate the impacts of catastrophic wildfire events.
Chromium(0)-Promoted [6π + 2π] Cycloadditions of Allenes with Cycloheptatriene (2008)

Photoinitiated [6pi + 2pi] cycloadditions of allenes with (eta(6)-cycloheptatriene)tricarbonylchromium(0) (1) are described. An example of asymmetric induction obtained by reaction of 1 with a chiral 1,3-disubstituted allene is also reported.
Absence of association between total heterotrophic and total coliform bacteria from a public water supply (1989)

Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) and total coliforms (TC) are two major microbial indicators that are used to monitor the potability of water. Although the presence of heterotrophs has been hypothesized to predict the presence of TC, there have been few documented reports. Intensive sampling of raw, treated effluent and distribution water from a public water supply serving 400,000 people provided an opportunity to study the relationship between these two indicator groups of bacteria. A total of 26,158 samples were analyzed, including 12,970 from 1986 and 13,188 from 1985. There were 13,429 samples from the distribution system, 5,524 from treatment effluents, and 7,205 from raw water. The associations between HPC and TC were made on both a hits-and-misses and numerical comparison (CFU per milliliter) basis. The periodicity of the two indicators was also analyzed to determine whether the presence of one group could predict the presence of the other. Atypical bacteria were also related to the presence of these two indicator bacteria. Venn diagrams and nonparametric statistics revealed the following correlation coefficients for HPC and TC for 1985 and 1986 combined: raw water r = 0.45, treated effluent r = 0.06, and distribution system r = 0.10. Atypical bacteria showed a similar relationship with HPC. There was no predictive periodicity for HPC and TC within +/- 10 days of isolation of each other. Therefore, in a 2-year survey of a public water supply, the presence of HPC had a low correlation coefficient with TC, as determined by hits-and-misses and numerical comparisons. The enumeration of one group was found to be independent of the other.
One-step preparation of magnetic Janus particles using controlled phase separation of polymer blends and nanoparticles (2013)

We present a simple method with the aid of a microfluidic droplet-generation technique to fabricate magnetic Janus particles by utilizing a solvent evaporation-induced phase separation and preferential partitioning of magnetic nanoparticles in the polymer blends. Non-aqueous emulsion droplets of the polymer blends and nanoparticles solution are produced to become Janus particles after the evaporation of the solvent. The stabilizing polymer of the nanoparticles, which is compatible only with one of the polymer blends to be phase-separated, plays a key role in the anisotropic positioning of the nanoparticles in the Janus particles. Using this phase separation-based method and microfluidics, excellent control over the size, size distribution, and morphology of the particles is achieved. Especially, we could control the morphology of the Janus particles easily by varying the volume ratio of the polymers. However, with an analysis of the shapes of resulting Janus particles, we found that non-equilibrium aspects of the evaporation-induced phase separation play a major role in determining the particle morphology. We expect that the versatility of this method in the choice of polymer blends and functional nanoparticles will enable the fabrication of colloids with various functionality and desired morphology.
Temperature- and Pressure-Dependent Kinetics of CH<sub>2</sub>OO + CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>and CH<sub>2</sub>OO + CH<sub>3</sub>CHO: Direct Measurements and Theoretical Analysis (2016)

The rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions CH2OO + CH3COCH3 and CH2OO + CH3CHO have been experimentally determined from 298–500 K and 4–50 Torr using pulsed laser photolysis with multiple-pass UV absorption at 375 nm, and products were detected using photoionization mass spectrometry at 10.5 eV. The CH2OO + CH3CHO reaction's rate coefficient is ∼4 times faster over the temperature 298–500 K range studied here. Both reactions have negative temperature dependence. The T dependence of both reactions was captured in simple Arrhenius expressions: The rate of the reactions of CH2OO with carbonyl compounds at room temperature is two orders of magnitude higher than that reported previously for the reaction with alkenes, but the A factors are of the same order of magnitude. Theoretical analysis of the entrance channel reveals that the inner 1,3-cycloaddition transition state is rate limiting at normal temperatures. Predicted rate-coefficients (RCCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12//B3LYP/MG3S level of theory) in the low-pressure limit accurately reproduce the experimentally observed temperature dependence. The calculations only qualitatively reproduce the A factors and the relative reactivity between CH3CHO and CH3COCH3. The rate coefficients are weakly pressure dependent, within the uncertainties of the current measurements. The predicted major products are not detectable with our photoionization source, but heavier species yielding ions with masses m/z = 104 and 89 are observed as products from the reaction of CH2OO with CH3COCH3. The yield of m/z = 89 exhibits positive pressure dependence that appears to have already reached a high-pressure limit by 25 Torr.
Intestinal calcium transport in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: response to calcium depletion (1986)

We previously found intestinal Ca2+ transport to be lower in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) as compared with the Wistar-Kyoto control (WKY) rat. These animals were fed a relatively high (1%) Ca2+ diet, and the concentration of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] in serum was the same in both groups. In the present experiment we tested the possibility that the lower Ca2+ transport in the SH rat was the result of unresponsiveness to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. We fed diets high and low in Ca2+ and measured serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and Ca2+ transport. Serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 increased in response to Ca2+ depletion at both 5 and 12 wk in both the WKY and SH rat. With high-Ca2+ diet, Ca2+ transport was lower in SH than in WKY when studied 1) in vitro in duodenum at 5 wk of age, and 2) in vivo in proximal and distal small intestine at 12 wk of age. Ca2+ transport increased in SH in response to Ca2+ depletion, but not in WKY, except in distal small intestine in vivo at 12 wk. In summary, although Ca2+ transport is lower in the SH as compared with the WKY rat when vitamin D activity is basal through feeding a high-Ca2+ diet, Ca2+ transport increases in the SH rat in response to the increase in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 produced by feeding a low-Ca2+ diet. We conclude that 1) the vitamin D-regulated component of mediated Ca2+ transport is intact in the SH rat and is unrelated to hypertension, and 2) mediated Ca2+ transport under basal conditions, i.e., nonvitamin D-regulated, differs in the SH and WKY rats and may be related to hypertension.
Proteasome inhibitors prevent the degradation of familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 and potentiate A beta 42 recovery from human cells. (1998)

Altogether, our data indicate that PS1 undergoes polyubiquitination in HEK293 cells and that the proteasome contributes to the degradation of wt and FAD-linked PS1, thereby directly influencing the A beta production in human cells.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (2011)

Pseudo-xanthoma elasticum is a rare, inherited disease characterized by progressive calcification and fragmentation of elastic tissue in the skin, eyes and cardiovascular system. The disease has been attributed to mutations in the ABCC6 gene. Typical cutaneous lesions appear as small, yellow papules in the neck, axillae or groin that may develop in childhood and become more noticeable in adolescence. More serious manifestations include cardiovascular disease, visual impairment and gastrointestinal bleeding. Management consists of minimizing the complications of PXE and monitoring for changes with regular physical and ophthalmological examinations. Patients usually have a normal lifespan, but cardiovascular events may be fatal.
Collagen But Not Fibrinogen Surfaces Induce Bleb Formation, Exposure of Phosphatidylserine, and Procoagulant Activity of Adherent Platelets: Evidence for Regulation by Protein Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Ca2+ Responses (1997)

With a combined phase-contrast and fluorescence video imaging system, changes in morphology and cytosolic [Ca2+]i were investigated of fura-2-loaded platelets during adhesion to fibrinogen or collagen matrices. The Ca2+ signals were, on the level of single platelets, compared to the secretion and procoagulant responses, using fluorescent-labeled AK-6 antibody against P-selectin and labeled annexin V for detection of surface-exposed phosphatidylserine (PS), respectively. Platelets in contact with fibrinogen developed filapods and spread over the matrix, in most of the cells without detectable Ca2+ signal. Thrombin induced repetitive spiking in [Ca2+]i, followed by the expression of P-selectin but not of PS on the platelet surface. Platelet interaction with collagen resulted in spreading and transformation of the cells into blebbing, "balloon"-like structures (diameter about 5 microm). The latter morphological changes were accompanied by high and prolonged increases in [Ca2+]i, by the exposure of both P-selectin and PS, and by the ability of the platelets to convert prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin addition accelerated the onset of the Ca2+ signals and the appearance of surface-exposed PS. Collagen-induced PS exposure was slightly reduced by treatment of the platelets with aspirin, and strongly inhibited by suppression of the Ca2+ responses with prostaglandin E1 or the Ca2+ chelator, dimethyl-BAPTA. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation with genistein, U73343, or wortmannin resulted in spiking Ca2+ responses in many of the platelets and in almost complete reduction of bleb formation and PS exposure. In contrast, genistein did not suppress bleb formation and PS exposure of platelets stimulated with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. We conclude that a collagen but not fibrinogen matrix acts as a potent activator of the procoagulant response through activation of tyrosine kinases and subsequent generation of sustained intracellular Ca2+ signals.