gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nephrotoxicity of acyclovir and ganciclovir in rats (1997)

Whole-kidney function and glomerular hemodynamics were evaluated after acute (50 mg/kg, iv, in bolus) and short-term chronic (50 mg mg/kg, ip, 5 days) acyclovir (ACV) and short-term chronic ganciclovir (Gan; 30 mg/kg, ip, 5 days) treatment in envolemic Munich-Wistar rats. The evaluation of whole-kidney function of the ACV groups showed a significant reduction in total GFR (0.96 +/- 0.10 to 0.28 +/- 0.02 mL/min in the acute group, P < 0.05, and 1.04 +/- 0.09 to 0.33 +/- 0.04 mL/min in the chronic group, P < 0.05) with a marked increase in total renal vascular resistance (TRVR) (33 +/- 5 to 122 +/- 26 mm Hg.min/mL in the acute group and 28 +/- 3 to 74 +/- 18 mm Hg.min/mL in the chronic group, P < 0.05) and a reduction in RPF (2.29 +/- 0.25 to 0.81 +/- 0.15 mL/min in the acute group and 2.57 +/- 0.36 to 1.30 +/- 0.40 mL/min in the chronic group, P < 0.05). Conversely, urinary flow (V') was unchanged (3.6 +/- 0.4 to 3.6 +/- 0.2 microL/min in the acute group) or elevated (3.7 +/- 0.6 to 6.6 +/- 1.4 microL/min in the chronic group, P < 0.05). The evaluation of glomerular hemodynamics after ACV treatment showed a reduction in single-nephron GFR (SNGFR) (46.4 +/- 5.3 to 26.2 +/- 3.4 nL/min in the acute group and 38.7 +/- 5.7 to 21.1 +/- 5.7 nL/min in the chronic group, P < 0.05), a significant elevation in total arteriolar resistance (RT) (2.90 +/- 0.44 to 4.94 +/- 0.77 x 10(10) dyn.s.cm-5 in the acute group and 3.72 +/- 0.45 to 9.00 +/- 2.40 x 10(10) dyn.s.cm-5 in the chronic group, P < 0.05) and a severe reduction in glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) (152.6 +/- 29.5 to 103.8 +/- 27.8 nL/min in the acute group and 149.1 +/- 29.8 to 68.5 +/- 10.0 nL/min in the chronic group, P < 0.05). However, the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf, was changed only in the chronic group (0.1002 +/- 0.0165 to 0.0499 +/- 0.0090 nL/(s.mm Hg), P < 0.05). After Gan treatment, no changes were observed in GFR (1.04 +/- 0.09 to 0.96 +/- 0.08 mL/min, with the maintenance of RPF (2.57 +/- 0.36 to 2.66 +/- 0.34 mL/min) and a nonsignificant reduction in TRVR (28 +/- 3 to 20 +/- 3 mm Hg.min/mL. The short-term Gan treatment also showed a different pattern in glomerular hemodynamics by inducing an elevation in SNGFR (38.7 +/- 5.7 to 50.3 +/- 2.8 nL/min, P < 0.05) with no changes in QA (150 +/- 30 to 135 +/- 22 nL/min) and a mild vasodilation, RT (3.7 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.3 x 10(10) dyn.s.cm-5, P < 0.05) associated with an increment in Kf (0.1002 +/- 0.0165 to 0.2400 +/- 0.0700 nL/(s.mm Hg), P < 0.05). Thus, ACV induced acute renal failure by reducing GFR and SNGFR by an increase in TRVR and RT with a reduction in RPF and QA. Also, after short-term treatment with ACV, a reduction in Kf led to a reduction of SNGFR. On the other hand, Gan treatment did not induce acute renal failure by the adopted techniques.
Deformation Behavior Of Thin Viscoelastic Layers Used In An Active-Matrix-Addressed Spatial Light Modulator (1989)

Thin viscoelastic layers with active-matrix addressing are proposed as high-resolution spatial light modulators (SLM's) for eventual use in a reflective schlieren light valve. Light modulation is achieved by diffraction from the periodically deformed mirror electrode covering the SLM layer. A two-dimensional array of Si-MOS transistors will be employed for addressing the viscoelastic SLM. Orthogonal and diagonally offset arrangements of pixels with two grating periods each are suggested for this active matrix. For measuring the deformation behavior of viscoelastic layers with a reflective top electrode, a standard microscope interferometer was modified so that the phase-shift technique could be employed. The deformation profile is recorded by means of a CCD image sensor, while the temporal development of the deformation is detected with a photomultiplier tube. Qualitatively, the experimental results agree with previously obtained predictions from an extensive theoretical analysis of the SLM's time behavior and spatial-frequency response.
A Revised Theory of the Floating Crucible Technique of Crystal Growing† (1961)

ABSTRACT The method of crystal growing analysed by Airapetyants and Shmelev ia re-examined. The present analysis takes account of one term omitted previously and thus leads to somewhat different equations for the distribution of impurities in the pulled crystal. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the optimum experimental conditions are in practice very different from those predicted from the analysis of Airapotyants and Shmelev.
POLICY OPTIONS TO PROMOTE INCLUSIVE ASSET BUILDING THROUGH ACCOUNT-BASED SYSTEMS (2005)

Through an array of policies and programs, the public sector plays a significant role in the expansion of wealth and its distribution. Yet federal policy has historically discouraged asset building among households with fewer resources. The unintended consequence of this approach is that it creates a disincentive to engage in the types of activities which can help a family move up and out of poverty, namely savings and asset building. Specific policy proposals aimed to help lower-income families save have received less support than those that benefit middleand upper-income households, such as the creation of tax-preferred accounts (IRAs, 401(k)s, and 529 College Savings Plans). Developing more inclusive asset building policies will likely require the development of new accountbased structures and policy supports. This paper discusses the rationale for devising asset building policies using account-based systems, presents a set of principles to guide the policy design process for constructing such a system, and critiques several promising policy proposals currently under consideration at the federal level which employ account structures, specifically proposals to create children’s savings accounts, individual development accounts (IDAs), and inclusive retirement savings accounts.
Focal Transcriptional Activity of Murine Cytomegalovirus during Latency in the Lungs (1999)

Interstitial pneumonia is a frequent and critical manifestation of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in immunocompromised patients, in particular in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. Previous work in the murine CMV infection model has identified the lungs as a major organ site of CMV latency and recurrence. It was open to question whether the viral genome is transcriptionally silent or active during latency. Transcription could be latency associated and thus be part of the latency phenotype. Alternatively, transcriptional activity could reflect episodes of reactivation. We demonstrate here that transcription of the immediate-early (IE) transcription unit ie1-ie3 selectively generates ie1-specific transcripts during latency. Notably, while the latent viral DNA was found to be evenly distributed in the lungs, transcription was focal and randomly distributed. This finding indicates that IE transcription is not a feature inherent to murine CMV latency but rather reflects foci of primordial reactivation. However, this reactivation did not initiate productive infection, since ie3 gene mRNA specifying the essential transactivator IE3 of murine CMV early gene expression was not detectable. Accordingly, transcripts encoding gB were absent during latency. By contrast, during induced virus recurrence, IE-phase transcription switched from focal to generalized and ie3-specific transcripts were generated. These data imply that latency and recurrence are regulated not only at the IE promoter-enhancer and that there exists an additional checkpoint at the level of precursor RNA splicing. We propose that focal transcription reflects random episodes of nonproductive reactivation that get terminated before IE3 is expressed and ignites the productive cycle.
Skin wettedness is an important contributor to thermal behavior during exercise and recovery (2018)

We tested the hypothesis that mean skin wettedness contributes to thermal behavior to a greater extent than core and mean skin temperatures. In a 27.0 ± 1.0°C environment, 16 young participants (8 females) cycled for 30 min at 281 ± 51 W·m<sup>2</sup>, followed by 120 min of seated recovery. Mean skin and core temperatures and mean skin wettedness were recorded continuously. Participants maintained a thermally comfortable neck temperature throughout the protocol using a custom-made device. Neck device temperature provided an index of thermal behavior. Linear regression was performed using individual minute data with mean skin wettedness and core and mean skin temperatures as independent variables and neck device temperature as the dependent variable. Standarized β-coefficients were used to determine relative contributions to thermal behavior. Mean skin temperature differed from preexercise (32.6 ± 0.5°C) to 10 min into exercise (32.3 ± 0.6°C, P < 0.01). Core temperature increased from 37.1 ± 0.3°C preexercise to 37.7 ± 0.4°C by end exercise ( P < 0.01) and remained elevated through 30 min of recovery (37.2 ± 0.3°C, P < 0.01). Mean skin wettedness increased from preexercise [0.14 ± 0.03 arbitrary units (AU)] to 20 min into exercise (0.43 ± 0.09 AU, P < 0.01) and remained elevated through 80 min of recovery (0.18 ± 0.06 AU, P ≤ 0.05). Neck device temperature decreased from 26.4 ± 1.6°C preexercise to 18.5 ± 8.7°C 10 min into exercise ( P = 0.03) and remained depressed through 20 min of recovery (14.4 ± 11.2°C, P < 0.01). Mean skin wettedness (52 ± 24%) provided a greater contribution to thermal behavior compared with core (22 ± 22%, P = 0.06) and mean skin (26 ± 16%, P = 0.04) temperatures. Skin wettedness is an important contributing factor to thermal behavior during exercise and recovery.
La CE analiza la inclusión de cultivos no alimentarios en la Agenda 2000 (1999)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that targeting immunogens to FcγR on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can selectively uptake and increase cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate immunogenicity of a novel multistage tuberculosis vaccine, a combination of an early and a dormant immunogenic protein, ESAT6 and HspX, fused to Fcγ2a fragment of mouse IgG2a to target all forms of tuberculosis. Codon-optimized genes consisting of ESAT6, a linker, and HspX fused either to mouse Fcγ2a (ESAT6:HspX:mFcγ2a) or 6× His-tag (ESAT6:HspX:His) were synthesized. The resulting proteins were then produced in Pichia pastoris. The fusion proteins were separately emulsified in dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide(DDA)-trehalose-6,6-dibehenate(TDB) adjuvant, and their immunogenicity with and without bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was assessed in C57BL/6 mice. Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-reg cytokine patterns were evaluated using the ELISA method. Both multistage vaccines induced very strong IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion from splenic cells; the Fc-tagged subunit vaccine induced a more effective Th1 immune response (IFN-γ, 910 pg/mL, and IL-12, 854 pg/mL) with a very low increase in IL-17 (∼0.1 pg/mL) and IL-4 (37 pg/mL) and a mild increase in TGF-β (543 pg/mL) compared to the BCG or ESAT6:HspX:His primed and boosted groups. The production of IFN-γ to ESAT6:HspX:Fcγ2a was very consistent and showed an increasing trend for IL-12 compared to the BCG or ESAT6:HspX:His primed and boosted groups. Fcγ2a used as a delivery vehicle supported the idea of selective uptake, inducing cross-presentation and forming a proper anti-tuberculosis response in context of Th1/Th2 and Th17/T-reg balances, which is important for protection and prevention of damage.
Beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell chemotaxis. (1984)

The neuropeptides beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin are potent analgesics and have a broad spectrum of biologic activities including the recently described alterations of lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production. The current study demonstrates that beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin stimulate human mononuclear cell chemotaxis, as measured by the in vitro leading front assay for migration. The response to both beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin was bimodal, with peak activities occurring at 10(-12) M and 10(-8) M. The distance migrated in response to optimal concentrations of beta-endorphin or met-enkephalin was approximately 80% of that obtained with 10(-8) M formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) and was blocked by prior incubation with 10(-8) M naloxone. Removal of glass adherent cells resulted in a loss of the response to beta-endorphin. Quantitation of the number of cells responding to beta-endorphin showed that only about 50% as many cells responded to beta-endorphin as compared with f-MLP. Human neutrophils showed some migration in response to beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin, although the average optimal migration was less than 30% of that observed with 10(-8) M f-MLP. Studies of the in vivo infusion of beta-endorphin into the cerebral ventricle of the rat resulted in the immigration of macrophage-like cells and are consistent with the in vitro evidence for a chemotactic effect of beta-endorphin.
Time synchronization algorithm based on hierarchical structure in wireless sensor network (2012)

Time synchronization is one of the key technologies for wireless sensor networks,and it plays an irreplaceable role for the work and development of the entire wireless sensor network.This paper proposed an improved Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks(TPSN) algorithm based on hierarchy.This algorithm took level-broadcast in phase of level establishment,and a combined active and inactive two-way synchronization algorithm was used in phase of time synchronization,obtaining a relatively small cost of packet and system maintenance.This improved algorithm carried out time-frequency offset correction,and ensured the accuracy of the node.The improved TPSN algorithm not only enhances the accuracy of synchronization,but also saves the energy consumption for the network.
Long‐Term Survival of Chosen Atrial‐Based Pacing Modalities (1996)

Atrial-based cardiac pacing modalities were chosen in 341 of 684 (50%) patients selected for permanent cardiac pacing at the Grey Nuns Community Health Center between 1989 and 1995. There were 183 males and 158 females. Mean age was 70 years (range 8-97 years). The indications for atrial-based pacing were: advanced atrioventricular (AV) block (n = 166) 49%; sick sinus syndrome (n = 153) 45%; hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome (n = 11) 3%; neurocardiac syncope (n = 10) 2.9%; and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 1) 0.3%. Forty-eight patients had a known history of paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias. All patients had routine follow-up performed at 24 hours, 7 days, 6 weeks, 3 months, and then 6 biannually. Mean follow-up was 6.5 years (range 1 month to 12 years). Observed survival of the programmed atrial-based modality was compared to the original mode chosen at the time of implantation. Thirty-five of 37 (95%) chosen for AAIR modes remain programmed AAIR. Twenty-two of 24 (92%) chosen for VDDR modes remain programmed VDDR. Two hundred and fifty-five of 280 (91%) chosen for DDD or DDDR modes remain programmed DDDR. Two of 37 (5%) patients originally implanted with AAI pacing systems were upgraded to DDDR mode due to new onset AV block. One of 24 (4%) patients originally implanted with a VDDR pacing system was upgraded to DDDR due to loss of atrial sensing of the single pass lead. Twenty-six of 304 (8.5%) patients originally implanted with DDD/DDDR (n = 25) and VDDR (n = 1) pacing systems were reprogrammed to VVI or VVIR: 16 (62%) due to sustained refractory atrial arrhythmias; 5 (19%) due to atrial lead malfunction; and 5 (19%) due to reasons unrelated to the pacing system. With careful review of the patients' conduction disorder and appropriate selection of pacing modality, the observed survival of long-term atrial-based pacing remains at 92% when compared to the chosen modality at the time of implantation. Atrial-based pacing may be used to reduce the incidence of atrial dysrhythmia with careful programming of the base atrial pacing rates.
Dynamic Optimization of Startup and Load-Increasing Processes in Power Plants—Part II: Application (1999)

In the first part of this study, a general method for solving dynamic optimization problems has been presented: the dynamic process model, consisting of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and algebraic equations, is discretized over the time horizon using well established methods for the solution of ODEs. The discretized system is then treated as large-scale non-linear parameter optimization problem. This transformation is implemented in a user-friendly software package. An application of this software is demonstrated in the present paper by optimizing the process of rapid load-increase in a single-pressure combined-cycle power plant. The power plant is described with a simplified model that consists of 18 first order ordinary differential equations and 67 algebraic equations. For this model a time-optimal operation associated with a load increase from 50 percent to 75 percent of base load is calculated by considering given restrictions on some temperature gradients.
Research about building facility management system based on BIM (2012)

building facility management (BFM) system based on 3D BIM model, satisfying modern intelligent building’s demand for facility management (FM). Implementation methods of the system include: using Navisworks customized development technology to combine BIM technology with relational database so as to manage information of management objects and maintain tree-structure relation between them. We use C/S architecture to allocate tasks appropriately, use LOD (Levels of Detail) technology as a source of reference to accelerate model construction speed and utilize Navisworks .NET AIP to implement data visualization. The system provides an integrated management environment with abundant functionalities, excellent interaction and visualization capabilities. But there are still some disadvantages in system deployment and launch aspects.
Using posterior composites appropriately. (1992)

The success rates of posterior composite restorations vary depending on whether they are used in clinical studies or by practitioners. This article offers a guide to determining when to use these materials.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat in Iran: Serogroups, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance properties (2013)

The aim of the current study was to determine the virulence factors, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat samples. A total of 422 chicken meat samples were collected from 5 townships of Iran. Specimens were immediately transferred to the laboratory in a cooler with an ice pack. Samples were cultured, and the positive culture samples were analyzed by PCR assays. Finally, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar. According to the results, out of 422 samples, 146 (34.59%) were confirmed to be E. coli positive and among E. coli-positive samples, 51 (34.93%) and 31 (21.23%) were from attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) subgroups, respectively. All of the EHEC-positive samples had all stx1, eaeA, and ehly virulence genes, whereas only 5 (9.80%) of AEEC subgroup had all stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes. As the data revealed, O157 was the most prevalent and O111 was the least prevalent strains in the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) population. Among STEC strains, sulI and blaSHV had the highest and lowest incidence rate, respectively. There was a high resistance to tetracycline (76.82%), followed by chloramphenicol (73.17%) and nitrofurantoin (63.41%), but there was low resistance to cephalotine (7.31%) antibiotics in isolated strains. Results shows that the PCR technique has a high performance for detection of serogroups, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance genes in STEC strains. This study is the first prevalence report of detection of virulence genes, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance properties of STEC strains isolated from chicken meat samples in Iran. Based on the results, chicken meat is one of the main sources of STEC strains and its virulence factors in Iran, so an accurate meat inspection would reduce disease outbreaks.
XXX. <i>On the magnitude of a drop of liquid formed under different circumstances</i> (1864)

(1864). XXX. On the magnitude of a drop of liquid formed under different circumstances. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 27, No. 181, pp. 176-180.
Amino acid composition of two-rowed and six-rowed barleys (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino acid composition of two-rowed and six-rowed barleysYeshajahu Pmeranz, George S. Robbins, Darrell M. Wesenberg, Eugene A. Hockett, and James T. GilbertsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1973, 21, 2, 218–221Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60186a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60186a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design considerations of the DBR injection laser and the waveguiding structure for integrated optics (1977)

In this paper, we analyze the operation of the distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) injection laser with an emphasis on compatibility with the integrated-optics concept. First, methods of computing the coupling constant are reviewed and the results are compared. A general agreement is found. Next, the reflection and transmission coefficients for both lossless and lossy Bragg reflectors are examined for their dependencies on the coupling constant, the reflector length, the loss constant in the reflector region, and the operating wavelength. The computed results are then applied to analyzing experimental results on DBR GaAs double-heterostructure (DH) injection lasers. A general agreement between the theory and the experiment is found. From the analysis, it appears possible for the DBR injection laser to operate in single mode with sufficient output power, low threshold, and good efficiency by proper design of the laser structure and significant loss reduction in the reflector region. A waveguiding structure is considered for loss reduction and for eventual incorporation of the laser into an integrated optical circuit. The stress is on a single liquid-phase-epitaxy (LPE) step for the fabrication of the structure. Additional pre-LPE and post-LPE steps are suggested for fabrication and isolation of different optical devices.
Discovering Multicultural Mathematics Dispositions (2012)

Culture refers to the consistent ways in which people experience, interpret, and respond to the world around them; it represents the "ways of being" of a collective pop-ulation. Culture is a feature of all human groups and is shaped by historical, social, political, economic, and even geographical factors. Additionally, culture can be reinforced through contacts with social institutions such as places of worship and schools. (Marshall, 2002, p. 8)