gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leaching of organic acids from irradiated EVA plastic as a function of solution pH and polarity. (2004)

The leaching of several target organic acids from an irradiated ethylene vinyl acetate material, such as those used as a solution product container, is examined as a function of solution pH and polarity. The targeted compounds included highly soluble weak acids such as acetic and formic acids, and larger, more lipophillic acids such as myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. The leaching of these compounds was examined over a pH range of 3 to 11 and in various ethanol/water proportions. While pH and solution polarity had only a modest impact on the accumulation of the acetic and formic acids, the accumulation of the fatty acids was greatly affected by both factors. It is suggested that the accumulation of these leachables at high pH is influenced by two processes. The first process, partitioning, the speciation of the acidic leachables (protonated versus dissociated form) contributes to the pH trends observed. In this case, entities that already exist in the plastic partition themselves between the plastic and solution via migration. A second, more important, contributor to the leaching of these acids is a pH-dependent increase in their availability arising from an unspecified reactive process.
Strong-field magnetoresistance anisotropy in thin composite films with a periodic microstructure (1995)

The possibility of observing angular magnetotransport anisotropy in a thin conducting film with a periodic array of macroscopic inclusions is discussed. We consider a geometry in which the magnetic field and the volume-averaged current density are mutually perpendicular and both lie in the plane of the film and we study how the resistivity changes when they are rotated in this plane. We show that magnetotransport anisotropy, similar to what has recently been predicted to occur for infinite three-dimensional periodic composites, should appear even in the case of a thin film.
Detecton of Viruses in Coastal and River Water Systems in Sydney, Australia (1993)

Two prospective studies on the occurrence of human viruses in samples of coastal & river origin have been undertaken since September 1989. Viruses were detected using concentration methods & cell culture techniques. Water samples (100L) were reduced to 1L using hollow fibre ultrafiltration and then treated with PEG. Sewage and sediment samples were treated with PEG only. Over a two year period, viruses were detected in 24/202 (12%) of water samples and 29/60 effluents from the river system. Coastal waters have been contaminated by cliff edge discharge of sewage for at least the last 70 years. Recently, deepwater ocean outfalls have been installed to discharge effluent some 3 km away from the coast. Prior to the installation of deepwater ocean outfalls viruses were detected in 28% of water samples compared to 9% post installation. In sediment samples viruses were isolated in 87/260 (34%) samples, the discharge via the new outfalls having no effect on the isolation rate. The data points to long term survival of viruses sediments and/or contamination from other sources such as storm water discharge: 10-25% of storm water drains were also found to be positive for viruses. The viruses isolated were enteroviruses, adenoviruses & reoviruses. Although viruses were consistently isolated with some seasonal trends, comparisons between the detection of viruses in clinical and environmental samples over this two year period were inconclusive.
Three-Dimensional Triple-Resonance 1H, 13C, 31P Experiment: Sequential Through-Bond Correlation of Ribose Protons and Intervening Phosphorus along the RNA Oligonucleotide Backbone (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree-Dimensional Triple-Resonance 1H, 13C, 31P Experiment: Sequential Through-Bond Correlation of Ribose Protons and Intervening Phosphorus along the RNA Oligonucleotide BackboneJohn P. Marino, Harald Schwalbe, Clemens Anklin, Wolfgang Bermel, Donald M. Crothers, and Christian GriesingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 14, 6472–6473Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00093a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00093a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Load-Versus-Compression Characteristics of Gelatins, Fibers, and Other Materials (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLoad-Versus-Compression Characteristics of Gelatins, Fibers, and Other MaterialsErwin J. SaxlCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1938, 10, 2, 82–86Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50118a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50118a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Variable-Temperature Emission Studies of Solvation Dynamics:  Evidence for Coupling of Solvation to Chromophore Structural Dynamics in the Evolution of Charge-Transfer Excited States (1999)

Variable-temperature emission data over the range 90−298 K have been collected for a series of bipyridyl complexes of RuII. Spectra obtained for [Ru(dmb)3]2+ (dmb = 4,4‘-dimethyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), [Ru(dpb)3]2+ (dpb = 4,4‘-diphenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), [Ru(dotb)3]2+ (dotb = 4,4‘-di-o-tolyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), and [Ru(dmesb)3]2+ (dmesb = 4,4‘-dimesityl-2,2‘-bipyridine) in 4:1 EtOH/MeOH show similar trends in terms of both the red shift of the emission spectrum and the thermal breadth of the solvent response as the temperature is increased through the glass-to-fluid transition. In contrast, data collected in 2-MeTHF show a strong dependence on the identity of the chromophore, the details of the spectral evolution qualitatively correlating with changes in the steric demands of the system. The most dramatic effect is observed for [Ru(dmesb)3]2+, in which there is an apparent change in the nature of the emitting species with increasing temperature. These observations suggest a strong coupling of solvation dynamics and solute structure in the low-temperature regime as well as at intermediate temperatures where the structure of the chromophore is evolving in the course of excited-state relaxation. The results underscore the potential importance of specific solvent−solute interactions in the dynamics of solvation for cases in which large-amplitude molecular motion of the chromophore accompanies thermalization of the excited state.
Neither endogenous nor inhaled nitric oxide influences the function of circulating platelets in healthy volunteers (1999)

Experimental models have indicated prothrombotic effects of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and anti-thrombotic effects of inhaled NO, but the influence of NO on platelet function in vivo in humans is not well established. We therefore investigated the effects of systemic inhibition of NO synthesis by NG-monomethyl-⌊-arginine (⌊-NMMA) and of NO inhalation on platelet function in vivo. On two occasions, ⌊-NMMA (13.5 mg/kg) or saline infusion was administered to 14 healthy volunteers in a double-blind cross-over study. After a 30 min infusion of ⌊-NMMA or placebo, NO inhalation (30 p.p.m) was added during the remaining 30 min of infusion, on both occasions. Measurements included filtragometry ex vivo (reflecting platelet aggregability), flow-cytometric evaluation of platelets in whole blood (fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression), plasma β-thromboglobulin (reflecting platelet secretion), cGMP in platelets and plasma, thrombin generation markers (thrombin fragment 1+2 and thrombin–antithrombin complexes) in plasma, and bleeding time. l-NMMA increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate. NO inhalation did not influence blood pressure or heart rate, but caused a 3-fold elevation in plasma cGMP levels (P < 0.001). Neither ⌊-NMMA nor NO influenced filtragometry readings or flow-cytometric determinations of platelet fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression. Furthermore, plasma β-thromboglobulin, platelet cGMP and thrombin generation markers were not influenced by either treatment. Bleeding time was not influenced by ⌊-NMMA compared with placebo, but was increased by ≈ 25% during NO inhalation (P < 0.01), whether NO synthesis had been inhibited or not. The prolongation of bleeding time by inhaled NO was not accompanied by any effect on the platelet variables assessed. The present results indicate that circulating platelets are not influenced by endogenous or inhaled NO, presumably due to the rapid inactivation of NO in the blood. This does not exclude possible effects of endothelial NO in the interface between the blood and the vessel wall.
Influence of the pH on the pocket field of cytochrome c type proteins (1997)

We performed hole burning Stark effect experiments on a cytochrome c type protein. From the behavior of the holes in an external electric field conclusions on local electric fields in the heme pocket can be drawn. We varied the pH value in order to study the influence of different groups on the pocket field: (a) titratable amino acid residues, (b) the porphyrin side chains (especially the propionates) and (c) the two axial ligands His18 and Met80. Surprisingly, a variation of the pH between 4.1 and 12.7 has no influence on the Stark effect. However, at a pH-level < 4.1, the Stark pattern changes. From our results, we concluded that the main influence is due to His18.
Quantitative Estimation of Urinary Tract Obstruction by Optical Density Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Images (2012)

Evaluation of upper urinary tract obstruction is often performed by visual monitoring of sequential fluoroscopic imaging in order to estimate the clearance of the injected contrast media from the renal pelvis. However, the diagnostic accuracy of this method is debated due to its subjectivity. The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized method for quantitative evaluation of the upper urinary tract clearance rate, using conventional fluoroscopic images. The quantification of the clearance rate was based on measurements the radio density of the contrast media in the renal pelvis compared to that of a radiological phantom attached to the patients during the measurement. The method was tested by analyzing 31 patients following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PSNL) and retrograde or antegrade pyelography. 26 patients were considered non-obstructed and 5 were diagnosed as obstructed. The obtained clearance curves highly fitted an exponential regression curve with a correlation coefficient of R=0.94±0.02 . This correlation prevailed over a wide range of time (from 3 min to 30 min) and over a wide range of the amount of contrast media. Normal clearance was found at rate greater than 8.3% per minute. In obstructed cases the maximal clearance rate were found 2.64% per min. The average clearance rate of the non- obstructed patients was about 7 times higher than that of the obstructed patients. It was concluded that the relative clearance rate may provide an accurate quantitative estimation of the upper urinary tract obstruction using only the initial diagnostic phase of a routine urological modality.
A survey of the ability of tropical legumes in the genus Stylosanthes to trap larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Ixodidae) (1988)

Stylosanthes viscosa and S. scabra cvv. Fitzroy and Seca have previously been shown to trap host-seeking larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus and could provide a means of controlling cattle ticks in improved pastures. We assessed the ability of 229 accessions from 22 species of the genus Stylosanthes to trap larvae of B. microplus or to prevent them from ascending plant stems. The 3 species that were most effective were S. viscosa, S. scabra and S. guianensis. Only accessions which produced sticky secretions were able to trap tick larvae, but the extent of this ability was related primarily to the density and length of bristles on the stems rather than to the degree of stickiness. The highest percentages of larvae were trapped when stylo stems had short, dense bristles of average stickiness or long sticky bristles of average density. These features were also most effective at preventing larvae from ascending stems. A high density of fine, non-glandular hairs, in conjunction with average stickiness, also prevented larvae from ascending stems.
Monolithic millimeter-wave corner-reflector antennas (1990)

A high-gain monolithic millimeter-wave antenna has been designed for 240 GHz. The structure consists of a long-wire antenna suspended in a longitudinal pyramidal cavity etched in a silicon wafer. This results in a planar traveling-wave antenna backed by a corner reflector. The array pattern is calculated by the method of images, and the element pattern is calculated for an isolated traveling-wave antenna. A microwave scale model was constructed for 3.4 GHz. The input impedance is broadband, with a radiation resistance centered at 160 Omega and a reactance lower than 60 Omega . The measured 10 dB beamwidths for the E and quasi-H plane patterns are 35 degrees and 41 degrees , respectively. The measured gain is 19.3+or-0.2 dB. The antenna is well-suited for millimeter and submillimeter-wave imaging applications in large f-number systems. Typical application areas are radio astronomy, plasma diagnostics, and remote sensing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of skin sensitization potential using D-optimal design and GA-kNN classification methods (2010)

Modelling of skin sensitization data of 255 diverse compounds and 450 calculated descriptors was performed to develop global predictive classification models that are applicable to whole chemical space. With this aim, we employed two automated procedures, (a) D-optimal design to select optimal members of the training and test sets and (b) k-Nearest Neighbour classification (kNN) method along with Genetic Algorithms (GA-kNN Classification) to select significant and independent descriptors in order to build the models. This methodology helped us to derive multiple models, M1-M5, that are stable and robust. The best among them, model M1 (CCR(train) = 84.3%, CCR(test) = 87.2% and CCR(ext) = 80.4%), is based on six neighbours and nine descriptors and further suggests that: (a) it is stable and robust and performs better than the reported models in literature, and (b) the combination of D-optimal design and GA-kNN classification approach is a very promising approach. Consensus prediction based on the models M1-M5 improved the CCR of training, test and external validation datasets by 3.8%, 4.45% and 3.85%, respectively, over M1. From the analysis of the physical meaning of the selected descriptors, it is inferred that the skin sensitization potential of small organic compounds can be accurately predicted using calculated descriptors that code for the following fundamental properties: (i) lipophilicity, (ii) atomic polarizability, (iii) shape, (iii) electrostatic interactions, and (iv) chemical reactivity.
Stereochemistry of the baker's yeast mediated reduction of the CC bond of (Z)- and (E)-5-benzoyloxyhex-3-en-2-one (1994)

Baker's yeast reduction of the Z and E enones 5 and 6 to the methyl ketone 7 proceeds with kinetic preference for the R and S enantiomers, respectively. However, irrespective of the double-bond stereochemistry and of the absolute configuration of the oxygen-bearing carbon atom at position 5, the CC bond reduction occurs by formal anti addition of hydrogen, with delivery of the hydrogen atom at position 4 from the re-face of the molecule, as shown by 2H NMR studies onto lactones 17 and 18 obtained in experiments with deuteriated precursors.
Umsetzung von Diiodmethan mit Thioharnstoffen ohne intra‐molekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindung (1978)

Abstract Die unsymmetrisch 1,3‐disubstituierten Thioharnstoffe 1a – g ohne intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindung reagieren mit Diiodmethan in Gegenwart von Triethylamin zu den beiden möglichen Thiazetidin‐Isomeren 2 und 3 . Das Ausbeuteverhältnis in Abhängigkeit der Substituenten R 1 und R 2 wird untersucht. Die Umsetzung der Thiosemicarbazide 6b und c mit Diiodmethan führt zu den 1,3,4‐Thiadiazolinium‐iodiden 8b und c .
A Method for Numerical Simulation of Single Limb Ground Contact Events: Application to Heel-Toe Running (2000)

The objective of this work was to develop a method to simulate single-limb ground contact events, which may be applied to study musculoskeletal injuries associated with such movements. To achieve this objective, a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was developed consisting of the equations of motion for the musculoskeletal system, and models for the muscle force generation and ground contact elements. An optimization framework and a weighted least-squares objective function were presented that generated muscle stimulation patterns that optimally reproduced subject-specific movement data. Experimental data were collected from a single subject to provide initial conditions for the simulation and tracking data for the optimization. As an example application, a simulation of the stance phase of running was generated. The results showed that the average difference between the simulation and subject's ground reaction force and joint angle data was less than two inter-trial standard deviations. Further, there was good agreement between the model's muscle excitation patterns and experimentally collected electromyography data. These results give confidence in the model to examine musculoskeletal loading during a variety of landing movements and to study the effects of various factors associated with injury. Limitations were examined and areas of improvement for the model were presented.
Monte Carlo simulation of abnormal grain growth in two dimensions (2000)

Abnormal grain growth in the presence of second phase particles is investigated with the help of a two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation. An aggregate of equiaxed grains is considered with constant grain boundary energy and mobility. The only driving force accounted for stems from the grain boundary curvature. The process of abnormal grain growth is investigated as a function of two governing parameters, the initial degree of pinning of the matrix grains by the particles and the initial size advantage of the anomalous grain. In such conditions, moderate growth is obtained whose specific features are discussed with respect to the available models. It is shown that it is possible to obtain drastic grain growth by introducing the thermally activated unpinning of grain boundaries from particles. For this purpose, a simplified but effective procedure is proposed and discussed that includes the influence of the capillary force on the height of the local energy barrier for grain unpinning.
Defining a Standardized Approach for the Bedside Insertion of Temporal Horn External Ventricular Drains (2015)

CSF, cerebrospinal fluidEVD, external ventricular draintEVD, temporal horn external ventricular drainOR, operating room.
Autoacetylation Induced Specific Structural Changes in Histone Acetyltransferase Domain of p300:  Probed by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2007)

Reversible acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and cellular homeostasis. A balance between acetylation and deacetylation of these proteins are maintained by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Among different HATs, p300/CBP is the most widely studied chromatin modifying enzymes. p300 is involved in several physiological processes like cell growth, regulation of gene expression, development, and tumor suppressor, and therefore its dysfunction causes different diseases. The autoacetylation of p300 is one of the key regulators of its catalytic activity. Mechanistically, autoacetylation induced structural changes in the p300 HAT domain acts as a master switch. In this report, we have shown that the natural HAT inhibitor garcinol could potently inhibit the autoacetylation activity. Furthermore, for the first time, we demonstrate that indeed autoacetylation induces structural changes in p300 HAT domain, as probed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Presumably, SERS will be a very useful tool to find out the structural changes in the other self-modifying enzymes like kinases and methyltransferases.
Control of zero-sequence current in parallel connected voltage source PWM rectifiers using converter-flux-based control (2005)

A new zero vector selection strategy for the converter flux based control (CFC) of voltage source PWM rectifiers is introduced. With this strategy the circulating current in paralleled rectifiers is effectively suppressed and independent operations of the individual converter units are achieved. In addition to normal line filter, no additional passive components such as transformers or current sharing reactors are required to parallel the converters. Simulation and experimental results validate the developed model and the proposed zero vector selection scheme
A model for sharing haptic interaction (2010)

In this paper, we present new methods for sharing haptic interactions with other persons when touching real-world objects. Unlike the previous approaches, our system does not rely on a virtual model of the object being explored or the integration of visual/auditory modalities to augment the user's perception. We developed a prototype system that makes it possible to capture active haptic interactions on a transmitting side, and then, display them passively to a receiving side. To demonstrate the concept, we conducted human experiments using rubber samples and found that the relationship between the haptic sensations of the transmitting and receiving sides follows a power function, and the parameters of this function can be calibrated for the users of the system.