gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Engineering for Undergraduates (2010)

Network engineering is an important emerging engineering discipline that encompasses specific aspects of the digital network and services. The growth of the worldwide digital network and services has increased demand for engineering graduates with core digital networking skills. Undergraduate education in this new engineering discipline requires a strong focus on carrier and service provider technologies. This paper presents network engineering as accredited by Engineers Australia and highlights the degree program focus areas. A network engineering degree program should balance theory with laboratory exercises utilising equipment and systems corresponding to current industry facilities. The digital network is evolving quickly and laboratory facilities need to be updated regularly to ensure currency is maintained. However, replacing expensive laboratory equipment regularly and possibly before the equipment and systems have reached end of life can be difficult to justify and will often require a supporting relationship from a suitable industry partner.
Integrated financial management systems : a guide to implementation - based on the experience in Latin America (1996)

Strong financial management in the public sector is a tool for achieving political, economic, and social goals. Good public sector financial management requires an entity based integrated approach to support the goal/performance orientation being demanded of public sector organizations. There are many elements to an integrated financial management system (IFMS). Certain elements will always be important. This guide seeks to lay out these elements, provide suggestions for their development and structure and give examples from experiences with IFMS in Latin American governments. Every IFMS shares certain core components--budgeting, cash and debt management and accounting. Other ancillary components can be incorporated, such as asset management, personnel, and procurement. The primary benefits of installing IFMS is improved quality of decision-making by combining information from various agencies to furnish government wide data for use at the highest levels.
Effective CLEAN Algorithms for Performance-Enhanced Detection of Binary Coding Radar Signals (2004)

With binary coding waveform as radar pulse compression signal, the sidelobe of the matched processing result of the received signals is a serious interference to the effective detection of multiple targets. In this paper, the CLEAN algorithms are introduced to eliminate such sidelobes and significantly improve the target detection performance of binary coding radar signals. A novel modified CLEAN algorithm is proposed to remove the sidelobe interferences in formulating target range profile when wideband binary coding signals are used. The effectiveness of the CLEAN algorithms is demonstrated through the processing results.
CBLDNN-Based Speaker-Independent Speech Separation Via Generative Adversarial Training (2018)

In this paper, we propose a speaker-independent multi-speaker monaural speech separation system (CBLDNN-GAT) based on convolutional, bidirectional long short-term memory, deep feedforward neural network (CBLDNN) with generative adversarial training (GAT). Our system aims at obtaining better speech quality instead of only minimizing a mean square error (MSE). In the initial phase, we utilize log-mel filterbank and pitch features to warm up our CBLDNN in a multi-task manner. Thus, the information that contributes to separating speech and improving speech quality is integrated into the model. We execute GAT throughout the training, which makes the separated speech indistinguishable from the real one. We evaluate CBLDNN-GAT on WSJ0-2mix dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves 11.0d-B signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) improvement, which is the new state-of-the-art result.
Compact Reconfigurable Antenna Array for Adaptive MIMO Systems (2009)

Reconfigurable antenna arrays increase the flexibility of adaptive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems by their reconfigurable configurations and radiation/polarization properties. In this letter, a compact reconfigurable antenna array operating in the UMTS band is proposed. The antenna array consists of two hybrid-monopole-and-dipole elements. Each element, by controlling states of three p-i-n diodes, has two modes: monopole mode and dipole mode. Therefore, the proposed antenna array has four modes. Based on the measured results, these four modes represent four different radiation patterns, which can achieve pattern reconfigurability to increase channel capacity in varying channel conditions.
Being digital: Australia's television choice (1998)

Australia is facing major decisions about the technical, structural and social shape of its television industry, with the federal government currently considering options for the introduction of 'digital terrestrial television broadcasting' (D1TB). This article examines the possibilities of the technology, the political and industrial environment within which it was developed, and the steps taken to introduce it in Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom. It explores the reassertion of 'scarcity' as a central feature of media and communications policy debate which has occurred partly as a result of the particular way in which D1TB technology has been developed. With this scarcity comes the opportunity to reinvent traditional notions of the public interest in media and communications services for the digital age. Australia's choices are about who gets access to the spectrum liberated by D1TB, and at what financial and regulatory price.
An original approach to the design of bandpass cavity filters with multiple couplings (1997)

A novel approach to the design of general cavity filters with each cavity coupled to an arbitrary number of other cavities is presented. This approach is based on a suitable characterization of the filter structure which does not require one to model separately the cavities (resonators) and the coupling elements. Suitably defined equivalent admittances are associated with each cavity allowing one to design the filter structure once the parameters of a suitable low-pass prototype are given; an efficient procedure for the synthesis of such a prototype with equiripple passband response is also presented which allows one to arbitrarily prescribe transmission zeros placed in the complex plane (even asymmetrically). The described design approach is particularly convenient when the filter structure does not allow a simple modeling of the resonators and coupling elements separately. This is the case of slot-coupled cavity filters and of filter structures based on arrays of coupled transmission lines. It is also shown that the simplified design approach often adopted in the past, where only two coupled cavities at a time are considered, can produce large errors even in the case of filters with all attenuation poles at infinity (i.e., two couplings per cavity).
The protective effect of fluoride treatments against enamel erosion <i>in vitro</i> (2004)

Fluoride is known to reduce enamel solubility during the caries process. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether fluoride preparations affect erosion attributed to citric acid and citric acid-based soft drinks. Flat enamel specimens embedded in epoxy resin were prepared from caries free, human third molar teeth extracted from patients aged 18-35 years. Specimens were polished to have a profile within a tolerance of +/-0.3 microm measured on a profilometer. Specimens were taped to leave a 2 mm window of exposed enamel. Groups of specimens were exposed to citric acid and soft drinks with and without the addition of sodium fluoride or exposed to the same solutions after pre-treatment with fluoride products. Enamel loss was measured by profilometer after 10, 20 and 30 min of acid exposure. The different acidic solutions varied significantly in the amount of erosion produced both with and without the addition of fluoride. In addition, the different fluoride products differed significantly in the protective effect afforded. Both fluoride application methods reduced in mean terms, enamel erosion at all time points and by all acidic solutions. The majority of differences were <25% and as the study was powered to show differences as significant at or above this level few reached statistical significance. Fluoride applied to enamel either in acidic solutions or as a pre-treatment, reduces enamel erosion; however, the actual clinical benefit appears low. More studies are required, including investigations in situ.
Reconstruction of hearing when malleus is absent: Torp <i>vs</i>. Homograft tmmi (1984)

To study the most appropriate ossicular reconstruction of patients with an absent malleus, a comparison was made utilizing a homograft tympanic membrane with attached malleus and shaped incus (TMMI) columella and the alternative use of underlay fascia tympanoplasty with a cartilage covered TORP. Forty-six patients were reconstructed with a homograft TMMI and 38 with cartilage covered TORP and underlay fascia technique; 4.5 years postoperatively, 84% of those patients reconstructed with a homograft TMMI maintained an average A/B gap of 25 dB or better. Though 1 year postoperatively the TORP hearing results were satisfactory, only 18% of the TORP patients maintained a hearing level within 25 dB A/B gap at 4 years postoperatively. Primary causes of failure of the TORP were instability with migration off the stapes footplate, protrusion or extrusion through the TM and finally, long-term softening and bending secondary to biodegradation of the Plastipore. The discouraging long-term hearing results found in the TORP patients in this study confirm similar findings reported in 1982 by Smyth in a 5 year follow-up on 116 TORP patients.
Determination and Correction of Position Detection Nonlinearity in Single Particle Tracking and Three-Dimensional Scanning Probe Microscopy (2004)

A general method is presented for determining and correcting nonlinear position detector responses in single particle tracking as used in three-dimensional scanning probe microscopy based on optical tweezers. The method uses locally calculated mean square displacements of a Brownian particle to detect spatial changes in the sensitivity of the detector. The method is applied to an optical tweezers setup, where the position fluctuations of a microsphere within the optical trap are measured by an interferometric detection scheme with nanometer precision and microsecond temporal resolution. Detector sensitivity profiles were measured at arbitrary positions in solution with a resolution of approximately 6 nm and 20 nm in the lateral and axial directions, respectively. Local detector sensitivities are used to reconstruct the real positions of the particle from the measured position signals.
Measles vaccines (2007)

Measles is caused by infection with measles virus (MV), a negative strand RNA virus in the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. Measles is a highly infectious disease of humans spread by the respiratory route and characterized by fever and rash. Important complications include secondary infections associated with MV-induced immune suppression and the neurological disease post-infectious encephalomyelitis. The virus was first isolated in 1954 paving the way for development of the vaccines that have played an essential role in decreasing the worldwide morbidity and mortality due to measles. One of the first vaccines was a formalin-inactivated vaccine that provided only short-lived protection from infection and primed for a more severe disease, atypical measles. This vaccine was withdrawn. The other early vaccine was a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) developed by passage of the original isolate of Edmonston virus through cells in culture, primarily chicken cells. LAV was reactogenic and often given along with immune globulin. Further passage of the Edmonston virus resulted in further attenuation and the well-tolerated vaccines in common use today. LAV is generally given between 9 and 15 months of age. Seroconversion at 9 months is about 85% and at 12 months is about 95%. At younger ages seroconversion is hampered by the presence of maternal antibody and the immaturity of the immune system. The R0 (numbers of people in a susceptible population that will be infected by one person with the disease) for MV is 15-20 and interruption of endemic transmission of MV in a population requires that >95% of the population is immune. A second dose is necessary to achieve this level and can be given either as a part of a routine immunization program or through periodic mass vaccination campaigns. Research toward improved measles vaccines has focused on development of a vaccine that could be given before 6 months of age, needle-less delivery and heat stability. Several new recombinant vaccines expressing MV proteins have demonstrated induction of protective immunity in macaques and are in various stages of development.
Major limb deformities as complications of vascular access in neonates (1997)

Four case histories are used to illustrate orthopaedic complications of vascular access in neonates. The two main pathologies, extravasation and thrombosis, are discussed and the management of each outlined. Mechanisms of avoidance of such complications are described and advocated.
Microthromboemboli in Acute Infarcts (1996)

Background and Purpose We investigated the distribution and frequency of microthromboemboli (MTE) in acute infarcts in humans and determined whether MTE in the contralateral circulation resulted in histological changes. Methods Forty patients dying within the first month after unilateral infarct were investigated. Infarct etiology was determined mainly on the pathological findings. Whole brain sections from the region of maximal necrosis were stained for fibrin. Fibrin-containing MTE were transferred to a schematic drawing and counted. Sections from 20 patients without infarcts served as controls. Results Infarct sections had significantly more MTE than controls. Infarcts of thrombotic (n=6) and thromboembolic (n=21) origin had more MTE than infarcts of embolic origin (n=13). Thromboembolic infarcts had the highest number of MTE within the region assumed to be the ischemic penumbra, other arterial territories, and the contralateral hemisphere. Patients with large infarcts and those with short clinical courses had a higher number of MTE. Sixteen patients had recent micronecroses in the contralateral hemisphere. Conclusions There seems to be a pattern of MTE in acute infarcts that is dependent on cause, size, and clinical duration. Our findings of contralateral micronecroses emphasize that acute infarcts may result in more widespread cerebral injury than clinically expected. Given the many variables influencing stroke and death in humans, the results have to be interpreted with caution.
Auditory Evoked Potential Response and Hearing Loss: A Review (2015)

Hypoacusis is the most prevalent sensory disability in the world and consequently, it can lead to impede speech in human beings. One best approach to tackle this issue is to conduct early and effective hearing screening test using Electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG based hearing threshold level determination is most suitable for persons who lack verbal communication and behavioral response to sound stimulation. Auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a type of EEG signal emanated from the brain scalp by an acoustical stimulus. The goal of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge in estimating the hearing threshold levels based on AEP response. AEP response reflects the auditory ability level of an individual. An intelligent hearing perception level system enables to examine and determine the functional integrity of the auditory system. Systematic evaluation of EEG based hearing perception level system predicting the hearing loss in newborns, infants and multiple handicaps will be a priority of interest for future research.
Lipopolysaccharides in liver injury: molecular mechanisms of Kupffer cell activation (2002)

Endogenous gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been implicated as important cofactors in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharides exert their effect are not entirely clear. Recent studies have pointed to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha as mediators of hepatocyte injury. Within the liver, Kupffer cells are major sources of proinflammatory cytokines that are produced in response to lipopolysaccharides. This review will focus on three important molecular components of the pathway by which lipopolysaccharides activate Kupffer cells: CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Within the liver, lipopolysaccharides bind to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, which then facilitates its transfer to membrane CD14 on the surface of Kupffer cells. Signaling of lipopolysaccharide through CD14 is mediated by the downstream receptor Toll-like receptor 4 and results in activation of Kupffer cells. The role played by these molecules in liver injury will be examined.
Axiomatizing Omega and Omega-op Powers of Words (2002)

In 1978, Courcelle asked for a complete set of axioms and rules for the equational theory of (discrete regular) words equipped with the operations of product, omega power and omega-op power. In this paper we find a simple set of equations and prove they are complete. Moreover, we show that the equational theory is decidable in polynomial time.
Hair restoration surgery: challenges and solutions (2015)

Hair loss is a common problem affecting both men and women. The most frequent etiology is androgenetic alopecia, but other causes of hair loss such as trauma, various dermatologic diseases, and systemic diseases can cause alopecia. The loss of hair can have profound effects on one's self esteem and emotional well-being, as one's appearance plays a role in the work place and interpersonal relationships. It is therefore not surprising that means to remedy hair loss are widely sought. Hair transplant surgery has become increasingly popular, and the results that we are able to create today are quite remarkable, providing a natural appearance when the procedure is performed well. In spite of this, hair transplant surgery is not perfect. It is not perfect because the hair transplant surgeon is still faced with challenges that prevent the achievement of optimal results. Some of these challenges include a limit to donor hair availability, hair survival, and ways to conceal any evidence of a surgical procedure having taken place. This article examines some of the most important challenges facing hair restoration surgery today and possible solutions to these challenges.
The hydrodynamics of liquid metal ion sources (1982)

Factors affecting the current-voltage characteristics of liquid metal ion sources are reviewed. The results demonstrate that ion emission is not controlled by space-charge effects but rather is determined by liquid flow limitations along the needle emitter. A hydrodynamic model is presented which predicts the experimental I-V characteristics. The model suggests that a reduction in the energy spread (Boersch Effect) of the emitted ions may be achieved by increasing the needle flow impedance.
Extended Kalman Filter Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtended Kalman Filter Based Nonlinear Model Predictive ControlJay H. Lee and N. Lawrence RickerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 6, 1530–1541Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00030a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00030a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3852Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Service-Oriented Collaborative Framework for High-Performance Data Transfer in Grids (2011)

As the number of data-intensive applications increases in various domains, scientists need to save, retrieve, and analyze increasingly large datasets. The huge volume of data and the long latency of data transfer on the Internet make it very difficult to ensure high-performance access to Data Grids. Thus, data replication techniques have been widely adopted to solve the latency problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient data replication algorithm for multi-source data transfer, whereby a data replica can be assembled in parallel from multiple distributed data sources and adapted to the fluctuation of network bandwidths. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain more aggregated bandwidth, reduce connection overheads, and achieve superior load balance. We also develop a Service-oriented Collaborative Framework that not only implements the proposed data replication algorithm in a real Grid system, but also provides a virtual data management environment that integrates distributed and heterogeneous storage systems and enables users to share their data with group members for collaborative work.
Measurement of Antibodies to Insulin in Serum (1974)

Abstract I describe a method for measuring insulin antibodies in insulin-treated subjects. The antibodies are characterized by maximum binding capacity and affinity constant. Endogenous and therapeutic insulin interferes in insulin antibody assay, and it is removed by dextran—charcoal treatment at pH 3.5. Endogenous total and free insulin may be measured by a simple extension of the method.
Sialic Acid ( <i>N</i> -Acetyl Neuraminic Acid) Utilization by <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Requires a Novel <i>N</i> -Acetyl Mannosamine Epimerase (2009)

We characterized the nanLET operon in Bacteroides fragilis, whose products are required for the utilization of the sialic acid N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) as a carbon and energy source. The first gene of the operon is nanL, which codes for an aldolase that cleaves NANA into N-acetyl mannosamine (manNAc) and pyruvate. The next gene, nanE, codes for a manNAc/N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) epimerase, which, intriguingly, possesses more similarity to eukaryotic renin binding proteins than to other bacterial NanE epimerase proteins. Unphosphorylated manNAc is the substrate of NanE, while ATP is a cofactor in the epimerase reaction. The third gene of the operon is nanT, which shows similarity to the major transporter facilitator superfamily and is most likely to be a NANA transporter. Deletion of any of these genes eliminates the ability of B. fragilis to grow on NANA. Although B. fragilis does not normally grow with manNAc as the sole carbon source, we isolated a B. fragilis mutant strain that can grow on this substrate, likely due to a mutation in a NAG transporter; both manNAc transport and NAG transport are affected in this strain. Deletion of the nanE epimerase gene or the rokA hexokinase gene, whose product phosphorylates NAG, in the manNAc-enabled strain abolishes growth on manNAc. Thus, B. fragilis possesses a new pathway of NANA utilization, which we show is also found in other Bacteroides species.