gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Copolymers Containing Thiophene Unit with D–A Conjugated Side Chain by Rational Molecular Design (2013)

Rational molecular design of conjugated polymers and cautious optimization of morphologies of the active layer are critical for developing high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we designed and synthesized a new thiophene monomer TBTF attaching donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated side chain with fluorinated 4,7-dithien-5-yl-2,1,3-benzodiathiazole (BTF) as acceptor unit, and synthesized two new two-dimension-conjugated (2D-conjugated) copolymers, P(BDT-TBTF) and P(BDT-TBTF/DPP), for the application as donor materials in PSCs. P(BDT-TBTF) is a new side chain D–A copolymer of benzodithiophene (BDT) and TBTF units, and P(BDT-TBTF/DPP) is a ternary D–A copolymer of BDT, TBTF and pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) units. The introduction of TBTF unit with D–A conjugated side chain and DPP unit forming the ternary copolymer provides the opportunity to tune the optoelectronic properties of the resulting polymers. As expected, the binary copolymer P(BDT-TBTF) shows an enhanced absorption coefficient and lower-lying HOMO energy level, and the ternary copolymer P(BDT-TBTF/DPP) possesses a small bandgap and quite broad absorption band matched well with solar spectrum. These features are beneficial to achieving reasonable high short-circuit current (Jsc) and high open-circuit voltage (Voc). Bulk-heterojunction PSCs based on P(BDT-TBTF) showed an initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.66% with a high Voc of 0.88 V and a Jsc of 11.23 mA cm–2, whereas P(BDT-TBTF/DDP) gave a PCE of 3.51% along with a higher Jsc of 13.15 mA cm–2. The Jsc and PCE of the devices were further improved by a simple methanol treatment, to 13.21 mA cm–2 and 6.21% for P(BDT-TBTF) and 14.56 mA cm–2 and 5% for P(BDT-TBTF/DPP), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the PCE of 6.21% is the highest value reported for PSCs based on side chain D–A copolymers to date. This is a good example for a subtle tuning absorption properties, energy levels, charge transport and photovoltaic properties of the polymers by rational molecular design.
A Constructive Induction Approach to Computer Immunology (1999)

Abstract : With the increasing birth rate of new viruses and the rise in interconnectivity and interoperability among computers, the burden of detecting and destroying computer viruses is severe. This research integrated four domains: computer virus detection, human immunology, computer immunology and an automated form of machine learning called constructive induction. First, a Computer Health System, based on the public health system, was defined to improve the 'global' approach to computer virus protection. Second, a computer immune model, based on the human immune system, was defined to improve the 'local' approach to virus detection. Third, the detection component of this computer immune model was developed, represented by the prototype MERCURY. This model utilized constructive induction, capturing the human immune characteristics of detection, self-adaptation and memory. The results of analyzing MERCURY demonstrate a lack of representational power of computer virus byte patterns using selective induction. Therefore, constructive induction is needed to provide new, potentially powerful, and often necessary representations. However, the results confirmed constructive induction's main deficiency, the explosion in the number of hypotheses generated. The effects of this deficiency can be improved by utilizing key pieces of knowledge to guide construction. Process optimization through statistical techniques provides insight into this knowledge.
Computed tomography diagnosis of post-obstructive atelectasis by an endobronchial lipoma. (2004)

Endobronchial lipoma is a rare benign tumor in the bronchial tree. We report a case of endobronchial lipoma in a 73-year-old man with hemoptysis. Chest radiograph revealed atelectasis of the right upper lung. Bronchoscopy revealed a well-defined endobronchial lesion in the right upper lobe bronchus with near total occlusion, but a biopsy was not performed. An endobronchial tumor was identified on CT scan with demonstration of fat within the tumor. Endobronchial lipoma was diagnosed and a sleeve lobectomy of the right upper lobe bronchus was performed. The pathological diagnosis was submucosal lipoma. The patient's symptoms improved during follow-up of more than 1 year. CT scan can be used to diagnose endobronchial lipoma and can help in the development of a management plan.
Evaporation by Submerged Combustion I. Experimental Equipment (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaporation by Submerged Combustion I. Experimental EquipmentKenneth A. Kobe, Frank H. Conrad, and Einar W. JacksonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 9, 984–987Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50285a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50285a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microfluidic-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Systems in Microbiology (2019)

Rapid, sensitive, and selective bacterial detection is a hot topic, because the progress in this research area has had a broad range of applications. Novel and innovative strategies for detection and identification of bacterial nucleic acids are important for practical applications. Microfluidics is an emerging technology that only requires small amounts of liquid samples. Microfluidic devices allow for rapid advances in microbiology, enabling access to methods of amplifying nucleic acid molecules and overcoming difficulties faced by conventional. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in microfluidics-based polymerase chain reaction devices for the detection of nucleic acid biomarkers. The paper also discusses the recent development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification and droplet-based microfluidics devices. We discuss recent microfluidic techniques for sample preparation prior to the amplification process.
An efficient implementation of Forward-Backward Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Line Enhancers (1995)

An efficient implementation of the forward-backward least-mean-square (FBLMS) adaptive line enhancer is presented in this article. Without changing the characteristics of the FBLMS adaptive line enhancer, the proposed implementation technique reduces multiplications by 25% and additions by 12.5% in two successive time samples in comparison with those operations of direct implementation in both prediction and weight control. The proposed FBLMS architecture and algorithm can be applied to digital receivers for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio to allow fast carrier acquisition and tracking in both stationary and nonstationary environments.
Determination of Nuclear Potential Radii and Its Parameter from Finite – Size Nuclear Model (2017)

The atomic nucleus is not a point source. Thus, the assumption of a finite size for a nucleus leads to a departure from Coulomb potential between electron and nucleus. In this work, we endeavor to determine the nuclear potential charge radius by virtue of the modified finite size nuclear potential. It has been found that an electron moves within a small volume of the nuclear potential charge. We found that the volume of the nuclear potential charge exceeded the nuclear radius by factor √3. Due to the extension of the nuclear potential charge, a new and simple Z1/3 – dependent formula for calculating the radii of the extension of nuclear potential charge is proposed. The proposed formula gives effective results for potential charge radius. This work offers us a simple way to predict the nuclear charge radius from the assumption of nuclear finite sized model.
Enhanced localized surface plasmonic resonances in dielectric photonic band gap structures: Fabry-Perot nanocavities and photonic crystal slot waveguides (2013)

We describe approaches to enhance localized surface plasmons by placing metallic nanoparticles into two different structures: (i) Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonant cavities, and (ii) Photonic crystal slot waveguides. Through synchronization of the plasmonic and resonant modes, electric field at the surface of the nanoparticles is enhanced by a factor of 4~20 compared with the nanoparticles in free space, depending on the device structure and coupling mechanism. We report key differences between the F-P enhancement and the slow-light enhancement to the plasmonic effect in details. This theoretical investigation reveals a new method to strengthen plasmonic resonances and suggests that the sensitivity of existing plasmonic sensors can be further improved if they are integrated with dielectric resonant photonic devices.
Diagnosis of perilymph fistula using eng and impedance (1980)

The presence of perilymph fistula has been difficult to determine because of the lack of efficient and reliable testing methods. The condition is suspected on the basis of history alone and confirmed by surgery. This paper details a quick, reliable procedure called the ENG fistula test, using impedance bridge for pressure change and electronystagmography to aid the establishment of nystagmus and dizziness. To evaluate this procedure, a combination of tests were performed, including Valsalva maneuver, tragal compression, and pneumatic otoscopy, which were previously considered helpful in the diagnosis of fistula. Of them, Valsalva maneuver and tragal compression proved inconclusive; pneumatic otoscopy proved to be helpful. In comparison, however, the ENG fistula test proved most valuable, with results surgically confirmed in 90.8% of cases in this series. This study involved 74 patients whose primary complaint was dizziness. Only some patients simultaneously experienced hearing lows. Included are 5 patients whose positive ENG fistula test results and 15 whose negative test results were confirmed by surgery. Selected case histories are presented.
The Revolutionary Movement in Secondary Education Throughout the World (1971)

The main goal of the worldwide revolution in secondary education is to bring all of the chil dren of all the people into secondary schools. It started in the U.S. and has spread to every technologically advanced nation. It brought as- yet unresolved problems here; it is bringing similar problems elsewhere. Here is a penetrating, wide-ranging analysis of this world revolution, based on a five-year cross-national, interdisciplinary study.
Adherence with and completion of recommended hepatitis vaccination schedules among adults in the United States (2018)

Hepatitis vaccine adherence and completion in adults is suboptimal. As a result, the majority of adults initiating each series may not be receiving the full protective benefit of these multidose vaccines.
移民、性别和IT部门：交叉的辩论 (2005)

技术移民正在迅速成为世界许多地区移民潮中的主要成分.加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和英国都已经对具有高技能的移民开放,并越来越根据技能来选择移民.到20世纪90年代末,特别是1999～2001年,放宽技术移民的主要动力之一是来自于信息技术部门的压力,加之政府认识到吸引知识工人以使国家保持经济竞争力的重要性.90年代末,信息部门工作许可证的发放数量有了极大的增长,而促进技术部门的移民被看做是国家应对全球化进程的一种方式.尽管如此,迄今(在美国之外)仅有不多的研究关注到了IT移民所面临的特殊问题.
Rapid Morphologic Plasticity of Peri-Infarct Dendritic Spines After Focal Ischemic Stroke (2008)

Background and Purpose— Focal stroke is associated with cell death, abnormal synaptic activity, and neurologic impairments. Given that many of these neuropathologic processes can be attributed to events that occur shortly after injury, it is necessary to understand how stroke affects the structure of neurons in surviving peri-infarct regions, particularly at the level of the dendritic spines, which transmit normal and potentially abnormal and injurious synaptic signaling. Recently, we described ischemia-induced changes in the structure of layer 1 dendritic tufts of transgenic mice expressing YFP in layer 5 cortical neurons. However, these in vivo imaging experiments could not address ischemia-related phenomena that occur in deeper cortical structures/layers, other cortical regions, or submicron changes in dendritic spine structure. Methods— Focal stroke was induced in the forelimb sensorimotor cortex by the photothrombotic method. Two, 6, and 24 hours after stroke, brains were processed for Golgi-Cox staining to permit a detailed analysis of primary apical dendritic spine structure from layer 2/3 and 5 cortical pyramidal neurons. Results— Photothrombotic stroke caused a rapid deterioration of neurons, as revealed by Golgi-Cox labeling, in the infarct core that could be readily distinguished from surviving peri-infarct regions. Analysis of >15 000 dendritic spines revealed that although many spines were lost in the peri-infarct cortex during the first 24 hours after stroke (≈38% lost), spines that remained were significantly longer (≈25% at 6 hours). Furthermore, these effects were found in both layer 2/3 and 5 neurons and were restricted primarily to peri-infarct regions (<200 μm from the infarct border). Conclusions— These rapid changes in dendritic spine number and length may reflect an early adaptive response of potentially vulnerable peri-infarct neurons coping with postischemic spreading depression-like depolarizations and the loss of presynaptic contacts.
Introduction (2006)

This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the abiding presence of England's Catholic past in Shakespeare's work. It argues for the need to disentangle the acknowledgement of Catholic nuances in Shakespeare's plays from the search for evidence about the beliefs of the writer himself. There is also a need to recognize the cultural desires that underlie the Catholic Shakespeare, just as clearly as we can see the cultural conservatism that bolstered the ‘Anglican’ Shakespeare who preceded him. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Routing in ad hoc networks: a case for long hops (2005)

For multihop wireless networks, a fundamental question is whether it is advantageous to route over many short hops (short-hop routing) or over a smaller number of longer hops (long-hop routing). Short-hop routing has gained a lot of support, and its proponents mainly produce two arguments: reduced energy consumption and higher signal-to-interference ratios. Both arguments stem from a simplified analysis based on crude channel models that neglects delay, end-to-end reliability, bias power consumption, the impact of channel coding, mobility, and routing overhead. In this article we shed more light on these issues by listing 18 reasons why short-hop routing is not as beneficial as it seems to be. We also provide experimental evidence to support this claim. The conclusion is that for many networks, long-hop routing is in every aspect a very competitive strategy.
Scalable Data Gathering for Real-Time Monitoring Systems on Distributed Computing (2008)

Real-time monitoring is increasingly becoming important in various scenes of large scale, multi-site distributed/parallel computing, e.g, understanding behavior of systems, scheduling resources, and debugging applications. Dedicated networks on inter-site communications are rarely available for the monitoring purposes. Therefore, for realtime monitoring systems, reducing communication cost is important to handle a large number of nodes with limited network resources. We implemented a real-time Grid monitoring system called VGXP, with techniques for low cost data gathering. It tries to send only diffs to recent data, and adapts to the requested data freshness and tolerable errors to minimize required communication. We evaluate monitoring overheads of the proposed method on a distributed environment consisting of 8-sites with 500 nodes. In a realistic setting where the sampling interval is set to 0.5 seconds and the tolerable error to 2%, the CPU usage of the server to gather data from all nodes was 0.2% and the transfer rate was less than 5 kbps. The transfer rate did not exceed 50 kbps even if we gather a detailed per-process statistics.
Molecular Biology Techniques : A Classroom Laboratory Manual 3rd edition Ed. 3 (2011)

This manual is an indispensable tool for introducing advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students to the techniques of recombinant DNA technology, or gene cloning and expression. The techniques used in basic research and biotechnology laboratories are covered in detail. Students gain hands-on experience from start to finish in subcloning a gene into an expression vector, through purification of the recombinant protein.
	
	The second edition has been completely re-written, with new laboratory exercises and all new illustrations and text, designed for a typical 15-week semester, rather than a 4-week intensive course. The “project? approach to experiments was maintained: students still follow a cloning project through to completion, culminating in the purification of recombinant protein. It takes advantage of the enhanced green fluorescent protein—students can actually visualize positive clones following IPTG induction.
	
	*Cover basic concepts and techniques used in molecular biology research labs
	*Student-tested labs proven successful in a real classroom laboratories
	*Exercises simulate a cloning project that would be performed in a real research lab
	*Project approach to experiments gives students an overview of the entire process
	*Prep-list appendix contains necessary recipes and catalog numbers, providing staff with detailed instructions
The Triterpenoid CDDO-Me Delays Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease with the Preservation of Graft-versus-Tumor Effects after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (2010)

The occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and tumor relapse represent the two major obstacles impeding the efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in cancer. We have previously shown that the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) can inhibit murine early aGVHD, but antitumor effects were not assessed. In the current study, we found that a new derivative of CDDO, CDDO-Me, had an increased ability to inhibit allogeneic T cell responses and induce cell death of alloreactive T cells in vitro. Administration of CDDO-Me to mice following allogeneic BMT resulted in significant and increased protection from lethal aGVHD compared to CDDO. This correlated with reduced TNF-alpha production, reduced donor T cell proliferation, and decreased adhesion molecule (alpha(4)beta(7) integrin) expression on the donor T cells. CDDO-Me was also superior to CDDO in inhibiting leukemia growth in vitro. When CDDO-Me was administered following an allogeneic BMT to leukemia-bearing mice, significant increases in survival were observed. These findings suggest that CDDO-Me is superior to CDDO in delaying aGVHD, while preserving or possibly even augmenting GVT effects.
First Total Synthesis of (-)-Circumdatin H, a Novel Mitochondrial NADH Oxidase Inhibitor (2009)

An efficient and highly convergent synthesis of the mitochondrial NADH oxidase inhibitor (-)-circumdatin H is described. The strategy employs the intramolecular Eguchi aza-Wittig protocol as a key step to install the crucial central core BC ring system, leading to the first total synthesis of the target molecule.
Research and Implementation of Character Recognition System Based on Android Platform (2014)

Aiming at the deficiency of large volume and complex installation monitoring system the traditional character recognition system, this paper proposes a character recognition scheme of Android intelligent terminal based on. This paper introduces the whole structure of the system, through the analysis and Research on the character recognition process, introduces the overall design process and recognition system, character recognition system client.
Narrow-Band Investigations of the Longitudinal Space-Time Correlation Function in Turbulent Airflow (1964)

The longitudinal space-time correlation function of the fluctuating pressures at the wall in turbulent airflow has been investigated, using the U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory's 3.5-in. turbulent-pipe-flow facility. Data were obtained for various Reynolds numbers and transducer separations, and were analyzed by using filters of constant 30-cps bandwidth. These measurements of the longitudinal space-time correlation function are compared with a mathematical model that takes into account the effect of finite filter bandwidths.
Architectural Lighting Design (1990)

Preface. Acknowledgments. Background. The Problem. Project Scope. Design Goals. Criteria / Spatial Factors. Criteria / Systems Factors. Criteria / Psychological and Physiological Factors. Criteria / Task Factors. Daylighting. Lamps. Luminaries. Controls. Design Tools. Construction. Index.
Studies on Stereoselective [2+2] Cycloadditions between N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones and Ketenes (2004)

Staudinger-like cycloadditions between chiral, non-racemic N,N-dialkylhydrazones 1 and functionalized ketenes constitute an efficient methodology for the stereoselective construction of the beta-lactam ring. The potential for fine tuning of the dialkylamino auxiliary structure, the availability of a high-yielding deprotection method for the release of the free azetidinones, and the high thermal and chemical stability of hydrazones as N-dialkylamino imines are highlighted as the key elements for the success of the strategy. This last aspect is of particular importance concerning generality: even hydrazones from easily enolizable aldehydes or from formaldehyde reacted to afford the corresponding cycloadducts with high chemical and stereochemical yields. The syntheses of the beta-amino-alpha-hydroxyacids (2R,3S)-phenylisoserine (42) and (2R,3S)-norstatin (45) were accomplished as illustrative examples of the synthetic utility of this procedure. A model system for the cycloaddition of g series auxiliaries was studied by ab initio computational methods. The collected results support a two-step mechanism through zwitterionic intermediates, and explain the observed absolute and relative stereochemistry in terms of the preferred outward cycloaddition to the Re face of the hydrazone.
The Effect of Bile Acids and Lipase on Absorption of Tallow in Young Chicks (1980)

White leghorn chicks were fed diets with 4% tallow supplemented with one of the following bile acids at .04%: cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or sodium taurocholate. Cholic acid improved the absorption of tallow but not significantly; chenodeoxycholic acid significantly improved tallow absorption during days 0 to 7 but decreased it during days 14 to 21. The bile acids, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and sodium taurocholate had no significant effect on absorption of tallow. In a 2 x 3 factorial design involving cholic acid and lipase, .04% cholic acid and/or .10% lipase significantly improved the absorption of tallow by 8 and 4% in chicks 1 and 3 weeks of age, respectively. Dry matter digestibility and efficiency appeared to be improved with the improvement of lipid absorption.