gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical memory bandwidth model for many-core processor based systems (2012)

Many-core processor based systems gain popularity in high-performance parallel embedded applications. Estimating memory bandwidth requirement, i.e. external memory bandwidth, given various cache size for target parallel applications requires a prohibitively large simulation time. In this work, we propose an analytical model to quickly estimate the memory bandwidth for a given cache size and help exploring trade-offs between cache sizes and memory bandwidth requirement. We model the stochastic behavior of cache misses for a single cache as a random process. Using central limit theorems for identically or non-identically distributed random processes, we accurately estimate the collective cache misses from hundreds of processor cores and thus the total memory bandwidth requirement for the whole system. The results show that our model improves a speed of simulation time up to 200.4 times for 200 cores whereas its estimated results achieve less than 0.01% difference from the simulated ones for 200 cores in terms of accuracy.
Chemicopharmacological Studies on Antispasmodic Action. XV. Non-specific Antispasmodic Action on Tracheal Muscle. (1958)

(1) Tracheal strip preparation was proved to respond very sensitively to acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine. It is more suitable to test drug action on tracheal smooth muscle than tracheal chain. (2) From the present experimental results and on applying Ferguson's rule, the papaverine-like antispasmodic action, which is tested ordinarily against barium contraction of ileum, must be divided into two categories ; (a) the nonspecific inhibitory action, which is exerted by some physicochemical property of non-ionized molecules and can be tested on tracheal muscle, and (b) the specific unsurmountable inhibitory action, which is exhibited by ionized molecules of strong bases and can be tested on ileum. (3) Neutral esters such as isoamyl esters and weak bases such as papaverine exist as non-ionized molecules in physiological pH, and they have only nonspecific inhibitory action on any smooth muscles. Strong bases such as tertiary amines are ionized as much as 90% of the total amount in physiological solution. They exert specific but unsurmountable inhibitory action on ileum by their cation and exhibit non-specific action on tracheal muscle through their neutral base.
Kernel-based Estimate of the Insulin Action of Rapid-Acting Insulin in Home-Monitored Data (2015)

To improve glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes, estimates of the glucose- lowering effect of insulin-the insulin action (IA)-and the dynamics thereof are essential. The current practice relies on generic estimates of the dynamic shape of the IA and rules-of-thumb to assess the total glucose-lowering effect. In this paper we present individualized estimates based on home-monitored data, incorporating a kernel-based estimate that also accounts for the nonlinear behavior of the IA across the glucose range. The method is successfully validated on 29 patients on continuous insulin pump therapy.
Gene expression profiling in human skeletal muscle during recovery from eccentric exercise (2008)

We used cDNA microarrays to screen for differentially expressed genes during recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. Male subjects (n = 4) performed 300 maximal eccentric contractions, and skeletal muscle biopsy samples were analyzed at 3 h and 48 h after exercise. In total, 113 genes increased 3 h postexercise, and 34 decreased. At 48 h postexercise, 59 genes increased and 29 decreased. On the basis of these data, we chose 19 gene changes and conducted secondary analyses using real-time RT-PCR from muscle biopsy samples taken from 11 additional subjects who performed an identical bout of exercise. Real-time RT-PCR analyses confirmed that exercise-induced muscle damage led to a rapid (3 h) increase in sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), followed by a delayed (48 h) increase in the SREBP-2 gene targets Acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-2 and insulin-induced gene 1 (insig-1). The expression of the IL-1 receptor, a known regulator of SREBP-2, was also elevated after exercise. Taken together, these expression changes suggest a transcriptional program for increasing cholesterol and lipid synthesis and/or modification. Additionally, damaging exercise induced the expression of protein kinase H11, capping protein Z alpha (capZalpha), and modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein 1 (MCIP1), as well as cardiac ankryin repeat protein 1 (CARP1), DNAJB2, c-myc, and junD, each of which are likely involved in skeletal muscle growth, remodeling, and stress management. In summary, using DNA microarrays and RT-PCR, we have identified novel genes that respond to skeletal muscle damage, which, given the known biological functions, are likely involved in recovery from and/or adaptation to damaging exercise.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation and Alkylation of β‐Sultam Mono‐ and Dianions. (1990)

Abstract 1,2‐Thiazetidine 1,1‐dioxide (I) is lithiated and then treated with the electrophilic reagents (II) to give the 4‐substituted products (III).
An analysis of the pull strength behaviors of fine-pitch, flip chip solder interconnections using a Au-Pt-Pd thick film conductor on Low-Temperature, Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) substrates. (2008)

The assembly of the BDYE detector requires the attachment of sixteen silicon (Si) processor dice (eight on the top side; eight on the bottom side) onto a low-temperature, co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate using 63Sn-37Pb (wt.%, Sn-Pb) in a double-reflow soldering process (nitrogen). There are 132 solder joints per die. The bond pads were gold-platinum-palladium (71Au-26Pt-3Pd, wt.%) thick film layers fired onto the LTCC in a post-process sequence. The pull strength and failure modes provided the quality metrics for the Sn-Pb solder joints. Pull strengths were measured in both the as-fabricated condition and after exposure to thermal cycling (-55/125 C; 15 min hold times; 20 cycles). Extremely low pull strengths--referred to as the low pull strength phenomenon--were observed intermittently throughout the product build, resulting in added program costs, schedule delays, and a long-term reliability concern for the detector. There was no statistically significant correlation between the low pull strength phenomenon and (1) the LTCC 'sub-floor' lot; (2) grit blasting the LTCC surfaces prior to the post-process steps; (3) the post-process parameters; (4) the conductor pad height (thickness); (5) the dice soldering assembly sequence; or (5) the dice pull test sequence. Formation of an intermetallic compound (IMC)/LTCC interface caused by thick film consumption during either the soldering process or by solid-state IMC formation was not directly responsible for the low-strength phenomenon. Metallographic cross sections of solder joints from dice that exhibited the low pull strength behavior, revealed the presence of a reaction layer resulting from an interaction between Sn from the molten Sn-Pb and the glassy phase at the TKN/LTCC interface. The thick film porosity did not contribute, explicitly, to the occurrence of reaction layer. Rather, the process of printing the very thin conductor pads was too sensitive to minor thixotropic changes to ink, which resulted in inconsistent proportions of metal and glassy phase particles present during the subsequent firing process. The consequences were subtle, intermittent changes to the thick film microstructure that gave rise to the reaction layer and, thus, the low pull strength phenomenon. A mitigation strategy would be the use of physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques to create thin film bond pads; this is multi-chip module, deposited (MCM-D) technology.
Metal particle modification of composite matrices for customized density applications (2002)

Abstract A key aspect of composite technology lies in the ability to design a part to a specific strength and thickness. Recently, new applications were identified where it was desirable to vary the density in specific areas of a part. In this work, a model prepreg system was modified with fine metal and thermoplastic particles for specific weight tailoring. These particles were placed on the prepreg surface, forming a partially interlayer modified composite when laid up and cured. Experiments were performed on the specific gravity and fracture toughness of laminates made from the prepregs. The results showed that it is possible to tailor the density of a composite system without changing the manufacturing process or fracture toughness requirements.
Smectic mesophase properties of dimeric compounds. 1. Dimeric compounds based on the mesogenic azobenzene unit (1995)

Abstract We have studied the mesophase behaviour and structure of certain dimeric compounds, the α,ω-bis(4-n-alkoxyazobenzene-4′-carbonyloxy)alkanes, in which two azobenzene moieties with alkoxy tails are linked by a polymethylene spacer. The effect of the length of the (CH2)n spacer was examined by preparing four series of the dimers in which the carbon number of the spacer, n, is varied from 3 to 9 while the carbon number of the terminal chain, m, is held constant at either 2, 4, 8 or 12. A marked odd-even effect typical of main chain polymers was observed, such that the transition parameters and mesophase structures strongly depend on the odd-even parity of the carbon number of the spacer. The effect of the alkyl tail length was also examined in six series of the dimers with the other combination in which n is held constant at either 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9. For the dimers with even n, a short alkyl tail tends to produce a nematic phase. Increase in the length stabilizes a smectic A phase, but a further increase again induces the nematic phase. In contrast, the dimers with odd n invariably formed a smectic CA phase irrespective of the terminal tail length. These effects of the spacer and terminal chain lengths are discussed in relation to the molecular shapes which are imposed in a liquid crystalline field.
Metallurgical considerations in the design of plastic gallium alloys ehich harden at room temperature (1962)

An experimental approach is used to obtain infor- mation on the alloying behavior of gallium when it is mixed with various pure metal powders at room tempera- ture and the mixture is allowed to harden. The experi- mental observations indicate that the metals which produce hardening at room temperature are largely con- centrated in or near group VIII in the periodic table. Tentative explanations for some of the observed effects are given. 1 .
Is Hip Arthroscopy Effective in Patients With Combined Excessive Femoral Anteversion and Borderline Dysplasia? A Match-Controlled Study (2018)

Patients treated with arthroscopic labral preservation and capsular closure in the setting of EFABD demonstrated significant improvements from presurgery to latest follow-up. However, their results are significantly inferior when compared with a matched-controlled group. Consideration of periacetabular osteotomy or femoral osteotomy may be warranted in the setting of EFABD to achieve optimal benefit.
Codecell contiguity in optimal fixed-rate and entropy-constrained network scalar quantizers (2003)

We consider the properties of optimal fixed-rate and entropy-constrained scalar quantizers for finite alphabet sources. In particular, we consider conditions under which the optimal scalar quantizer with contiguous codecells achieves performance no worse than the optimal scalar quantizer without the constraint of codecell contiguity. In addition to traditional scalar quantizers, we consider multi-resolution scalar quantizers and multiple description scalar quantizers and also look briefly at codes with decoder side information (Wyner-Ziv codes). While the conditions under which codecell contiguity is consistent with optimality in fixed-rate and entropy-constrained scalar quantization are quite broad, even with the squared error distortion measure, codecell contiguity in fixed-rate and entropy-constrained multi-resolution, multiple description, and Wyner-Ziv scalar quantization can preclude optimality for some sources.
PROST: a programmable structured peer-to-peer overlay network (2004)

We present the idea of a programmable structured P2P architecture. Our proposed system allows the key-based routing infrastructure, which is common to all structured P2P overlays, to be shared by multiple applications. Furthermore, our architecture allows the dynamic and on-demand deployment of new applications and services on top of the shared routing layer.
Hyperfine Structure in the ^253Es Emission Spectrum* (1968)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Earl F. Worden, Ralph G. Gutmacher, Ronald W. Lougheed, James E. Evans, and John G. Conway, "Hyperfine Structure in the 253Es Emission Spectrum*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 998-1000 (1968) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A 256-element CMOS imaging receiver for free-space optical communication (2005)

This paper describes a CMOS imaging receiver for free-space optical (FSO) communication. The die contains 256 optical receive channels with -47 dBm optical sensitivity and 30 dB optical dynamic range at 500 kb/s/channel while consuming 67 mW. Received signals are amplified by digitally self-calibrated open-loop amplifiers and digitized before clock and data recovery. The sampled data also provide inputs for digital automatic gain and offset control loops closed around the analog amplifier chain to compensate for signal variations due to atmospheric turbulence and daylight interference. Gain control logic can adapt to incident signals over the 30 dB dynamic range within 28 bit periods. Low-power logic design and analog circuit techniques are used to minimize digital crosstalk to single-ended photodetectors referenced to a bulk substrate. Local arbitration circuitry at each channel forms an intrachip data passing network to multiplex received data words from the 16 /spl times/ 16 array onto a common off-chip bus. The 1.6 M transistor mixed-signal die fabricated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process measures 6.5/spl times/6.5 mm/sup 2/. Reception at 500 kb/s through a 1.5 km atmospheric channel is demonstrated with 3 mW optical transmit power during nighttime and daylight hours.
A novel small molecule RAD51 inactivator overcomes imatinib‐resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (2013)

RAD51 recombinase activity plays a critical role for cancer cell proliferation and survival, and often contributes to drug-resistance. Abnormally elevated RAD51 function and hyperactive homologous recombination (HR) rates have been found in a panel of cancers, including breast cancer and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Directly targeting RAD51 and attenuating the deregulated RAD51 activity has therefore been proposed as an alternative and supplementary strategy for cancer treatment. Here we show that a newly identified small molecule, IBR2, disrupts RAD51 multimerization, accelerates proteasome-mediated RAD51 protein degradation, reduces ionizing radiation-induced RAD51 foci formation, impairs HR, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. In a murine imatinib-resistant CML model bearing the T315I Bcr-abl mutation, IBR2, but not imatinib, significantly prolonged animal survival. Moreover, IBR2 effectively inhibits the proliferation of CD34(+) progenitor cells from CML patients resistant to known BCR-ABL inhibitors. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors of RAD51 may suggest a novel class of broad-spectrum therapeutics for difficult-to-treat cancers.
Fundamentals of Idealized Airbreathing Pulse-Detonation Engines (2002)

The intent of the paper is to establish a relatively simple procedure for evaluating the idealized performance potential of a pulse-detonation engine (PDE) intended for the jet propulsion of air vehicles. The study focuses, exclusively, on PDEs using atmospheric air as the oxidant. The study is based on the proposition that, because of the very fast wave action, an idealized model of a PDE can be regarded as a tubular containment (detonation tube) that is, during combustion, effectively closed at both ends. Furthermore, the maximum possible energy available is that derivable from combustion, at constant volume, of the tube reactants regardless of details of the mode, or modes, of combustion in the detonation tube. This implies, therefore, that in order to establish the idealized performance of a PDE it is possible to avoid becoming engrossed in details relating to the detonation wave itself. Conclusions from the study are that major initial charge nonuniformities do not appear to have a significant impact on idealized PDE performances and that the idealized performances of PDEs improve with increasing flight Mach number.
Adipocyte Differentiation: Relationship to Breast Cancer (1999)

Abstract : Accumulation of adipose tissue-derived fibroblasts around malignant epithelial cells provide critical structural and biochemical support for breast carcinomas. We present evidence that this process is mediated via complex interactions between malignant epithelial cells and undifferentiated adipose tissue fibroblasts. We demonstrated that the major mechanism for fibroblast accumulation in breast tumors is the inhibition of their differentiation to mature adipocytes via the action cytokines (IL-11, TNFalpha). Malignant epithelial cells inhibit adipocyte differentiation specifically via the suppression of expression of the essential adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma. During this annual report period, we specifically determined the principal sources of IL-11 and TNFalpha and the distribution of expression of adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta in sections of human breast tumors. We found that TNFalpha and IL-11 are primarily expressed in the malignant epithelial cell component of human breast tumors. Immunoreactive C/FBPalpha is not detectable in fibroblasts proximal to malignant cells, whereas in adipose tissue distant to the tumor, abundant amounts of C/EBPalpha were observed. In contrast, C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta are ubiquitously present in both intratumoral and distant adipose tissue fibroblasts. Thus, results obtained during this report period confirm that TNFalpha and IL-11 secreted by malignant epithelial cells block adipocyte differentiation via specifically inhibiting the expression of the essential adipogenic factor C/EBPalpha. In contrast, C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta levels are upregulated by malignant cells. These two latter C/EBP isoforms are not essential nor sufficient for adipocyte differentiation.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation of the Knee: Multicenter Experience and Minimum 3-Year Follow-Up (2001)

These results of this study indicate excellent graft survivorship using ACI as well as substantial improvement in functional outcome.
The utility of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with POEMS syndrome (2011)

The POEMS syndrome is associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Several studies have compared serum VEGF levels between POEMS patients and other disease entities showing higher serum VEGF in POEMS syndrome; however, it is unknown whether serum levels are reliable and reproducible given variable platelet release of VEGF. We therefore compared plasma levels of VEGF in 29 patients with POEMS syndrome with those of other disorders (n = 76). We demonstrated that plasma VEGF levels are useful in differentiating POEMS from other plasma cell dyscrasias, neuropathic processes, and multisystem illnesses. Plasma VEGF is also useful in monitoring disease activity after treatment and correlates with clinical improvements better than hematologic response.
Phase 2 study of preoperative radiation with concurrent capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab followed by surgery and postoperative 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), and bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: ECOG 3204 (2013)

The primary endpoint of a 30% pathologic complete response rate was not reached; however, the majority of patients experienced pathologic downstaging with this regimen. Increased wound-healing delays and complications may have been related to the addition of bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, or both. Continued observation of these patients will establish the long-term morbidity and efficacy of this combined modality approach.
Identification of two rare variants (G-->A at nucleotide 721; C-->T at nucleotide 5200) in the rhodopsin gene. Mutations in brief no. 187. Online. (1998)

Mutations in the cystatin B (CSTB) gene underlie progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) (Pennacchio et al., 1996). We previously described an unstable minisatellite expansion mutation in the putative promoter region of CSTB that accounts for the majority of EPM1 patients. Sequencing of a genomic lambda clone, generated from a Finnish EPM1 patient homozygous for an enlarged restriction fragment, revealed a 15- to 18-mer minisatellite repeat expansion (Virtaneva et al., 1997). Later, sequencing of plasmid clones generated from Swiss and French patients revealed a dodecamer repeat expansion (Lalioti et al., 1997a). By restriction enzyme analysis of our original patient clone and a clone generated from an Italian patient, we now show that the expansion is neither a 15-mer nor an 18-mer contrary to our initial results. Moreover, direct sequencing of the Finnish patient clone with Pfu exo polymerase confirmed that the expanded repeat is a dodecamer. Based on this finding and additional experiments, we suggest that the discrepancy between the two studies was due to errors caused by the combination of native Pfu polymerase and modified guanosine deaza-7-dGTP used in the PCR reaction.
The Electronic Evaluation of Fetal Heart Rate (1962)

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif. Aided by grants H2272, H5454, and H5954 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S., and by a grant from the Grotto Humanitarian Foundation Grant for Research in Cerebral Palsy from the United Cerebral Palsy Research and Educational Foundation Grant R108-60. Submitted for publication Sept. 19, 1961.
Assignment of the gene for glyoxalase I to region p21→pter of human chromosome 6 (1977)

Using somatic cell hybrids between TK-deficient mouse cells and white blood cells derived from a patient with a translocation of the region p21 leads to pter of chromosome 17, we have assigned the gene for human GLO, to region p21 leads to pter of chromosome 6. Since the HLA region is only 10 cM distant from GLO, these results also confirm that the HLA region is located on the short arm of human chromosome 6.
Restriction of the Substrate Specificity of C1 Human by Heat Inactivation or Cell Binding (1971)

Abstract Fluid phase or cell-bound activated first component of human complement (C1̄) utilizes the fourth (C4) and to a lesser degree the second (C2) components, as well as N-α-acetylglycyl-l-lysine methylester (AGLMe), N-acetyl-l-arginine methylester (AAMe), p-tosyl-l-arginine methylester (TAMe) and N-acetyl-l-tyrosine methylester (ATMe). The hydrolysis of either natural or synthetic substrates is decreased when C1̄ is cell bound (EAC1̄). Inactivation of C4 and C2 by C1̄ or EAC1̄ is inhibited by TAMe and AAMe, but not ATMe. C2 destruction by C1̄ in the presence of C4 exhibits a similar inhibition profile with these esters. Heat-inactivated C1̄ loses the ability to split C2, TAMe, or ATMe, but not C4 or AAMe. C4 destruction by heat-inactivated C1̄ is prevented by AAMe. C1̄ can be blocked by C1̄INH so as to lose its activity against C2 and TAMe, but not C4 or AAMe.