gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance geometry approach to rationalizing binding data (1979)

A new method is presented for calculating a type of quantitative structure-activity relationship, given experimental data on the binding affinity of a series of ligands to a receptor site on a protein. All ligands are presumed to have known chemical structure but may be conformationally flexible, and all are presumed to bind to the same, single, fairly rigid site of the (pure) receptor protein molecule. Given the experimentally determined free energies of binding of the ligand molecules, possible binding sites are deduced in terms of geometry and the chemical character of the various parts of the site. A test of the method is given for a series of chymotrypsin inhibitors and for a series of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. The proposed dihydrofolate reductase site suggests that a quinazoline inhibitor may rock between two different binding nodes depending on the pK of the ring N(1).
A Study on the Internal Characters of Gambling Games (2007)

This paper attempts to pursue the internal characters of gambling games. After examining the concepts of gambling and arranging related theories, we found that gambling games have 3 factors of technical intervention, betting and ratio of payment. The betting is subdivided 3 factors of existence of betting, unit speed of betting and extendibility of betting. These factors may be used to a framework of conceptual analysis to gambling games. If social and cultural factors can be added to these factors, gambling games can be comprehensively and empirically analyzed.
Reliable processor coordination for distributed resource management in hypercubes (2002)

Under distributed resource management, processors in a multicomputer system must coordinate with each other through interprocessor communication to exchange state information, synchronize management activities, allocate and deallocate computing resources, and detect component faults. In this paper, we propose a reliable processor coordination scheme based on a communication mechanism, called recursively synchronized broadcast (RSB), to support these critical functions in a failure-prone distributed hypercube system.
Monolithic planar RF inductor and waveguide structures on silicon with performance comparable to those in GaAs MMIC (2002)

The monolithic inductors and transmission lines on Si substrate with very high Q factor, low insertion loss, and high resonant frequency, are achieved by using very thick polyimide (10 /spl mu/m) as dielectric material, and thick Al (4 /spl mu/m) metalization system. This structure is made on the finished conventional standard two layer metalization BiCMOS wafer. For 10 nH inductor, 6 GHz resonant frequency, maximum Q factor of 5.5 at 1.2 GHz, and 1.2 dB insertion loss at 3 GHz are obtained, which are very comparable to those available in GaAs MMIC, These inductors can be used as RF choke as well as matching element. Transmission lines are also fabricated using this technology. The S/sub 21/ of coplanar waveguide with 1 mm length is -0.2 dB at 4 GHz, and that of microstrip line is -0.3 dB. It is expected that, using these passive elements, Si RF IC can be designed up to several GHz with performance comparable to GaAs MMIC.
Both cyclin A and cyclin E have S-phase promoting (SPF) activity in <i>Xenopus</i> egg extracts (1996)

Extracts of activated Xenopus eggs in which protein synthesis has been inhibited support a single round of chromosomal DNA replication. Affinity-depletion of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) from these extracts blocks the initiation of DNA replication. We define 'S-phase promoting factor' (SPF) as the Cdk activity required for DNA replication in these Cdk-depleted extracts. Recombinant cyclins A and E, but not cyclin B, showed significant SPF activity. High concentrations of cyclin A promoted entry into mitosis, which inhibited DNA replication. In contrast, high concentrations of cyclin E1 promoted neither nuclear envelope disassembly nor full chromosome condensation. In the early embryo cyclin E1 complexes exclusively with Cdk2 and cyclin A is complexed predominantly with Cdc2; only later in development does cyclin A associate with Cdk2. We show that baculovirus-produced complexes of cyclin A-Cd2, cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 could each provide SPF activity. These results suggest that although in the early Xenopus embryo cyclin E1-Cdk2 is sufficient to support entry into S-phase, cyclin A-Cdc2 provides a significant additional quantity of SPF as its levels rise during S phase.
Yawning detection by the analysis of variational descriptor for monitoring driver drowsiness (2016)

The road safety is a problem which was approached by several countries following a big raise of the number of accidents. The drowsiness represents one among the causes of the road accidents. The accidents related to the drowsiness often occur on the highways, but also on the main roads, even inside the localities. Today, it is possible to detect the state of tiredness of the driver with the development of the technology of the computer vision. The results of research in physiology show that the first level of lack of vigilance appears by an increase in the frequency of the yawn. In this work, we propose a novel approach for yawning detection for monitoring driver fatigue. In fact, our approach rests on the study of the spatio-temporal descriptors of a nonstationary and non-linear signal. This approach is evaluated by both YawDD [1] and our MiraclHB [2] databases. The evaluation shows many promising results and shows the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
Genetic Variants of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> Infecting Dogs in Western Washington State (2005)

Eight dogs from western Washington State suspected of being infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum because of the finding of morulae in peripheral blood neutrophils were studied for determination of the etiologic agent of disease. All cases were diagnosed between April 2003 and April 2004. Six of the eight dogs had no travel history during the 6 months prior to presentation. Two dogs had traveled within the Northwest United States and Canada. Fever, lethargy, and anorexia were the most common clinical signs in the dogs. Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum were the most common laboratory findings. All dogs tested during the acute phase of clinical signs were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum antibodies but negative for Ehrlichia canis antibodies. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of portions of the 16S rRNA gene from the whole blood of all seven dogs that were tested yielded A. phagocytophilum after a comparison to bacterial sequences available in the GenBank database. Five genetic variants were identified based on one or two nucleotide differences in the 16S rRNA gene sequences at nucleotide positions 54, 84, 86, and 120. Individual dogs were infected with more than one variant. Treatment with doxycycline or tetracycline resulted in a rapid resolution of clinical signs. The occurrence of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in western Washington State suggests that A. phagocytophilum infection should be considered in differential diagnoses of dogs presenting with lethargy, anorexia, fever, and lameness, particularly in the context of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase. The zoonotic importance of A. phagocytophilum should support an increase in surveillance for horses and people residing in this area.
Agents and mobile handsets (2002)

Given the mobile phone's high market penetration and strong upgrade rate, it suggests itself as a natural candidate to support, and eventually host a user's digital representative. Coupled with artificial intelligence techniques, a phone-borne digital representative takes the form of a mobile assistant. Mobile assistants can circumvent hardware constraints (CPU cycles, narrow or expensive bandwidth, small memory, and limited user interface). They can also enable a set of new services that draw on the user's personal preferences, the user's location, available services, and the mobile phone's support of short-range connectivity. Although mutually independent, both capabilities, taken together, yield a powerful, digital representation of the mobile user. This digital representation can provide an optimal user experience, i.e., maximal connection to relevant services, without information overload or expensive wireless service charges. The article addresses three topics: the emergent mobile computing environment; the characteristics of mobile assistants that enable them to operate in this environment; and proposed mobile assistant architectures which target both current and future mobile phones.
Strain‐Sensitive Raman Modes of Carbon Nanotubes in Deflecting Freely Suspended Nanomembranes (2005)

Deformational behavior in freely suspended polymer nanomembranes with embedded carbon nanotubes has been investigated by in-situ monitoring of resonance Raman scattering (see Figure). A two-stage deformational process, with bending and buckling of the nanotubes at low deflections followed by along-axis stretching at high deflections, is observed, indicating a very efficient load transfer between the layer-by-layer deposited matrix and the embedded nanotubes.
Toward cloning and mapping the genome of Drosophila (1991)

An ultimate goal of Drosophila genetics is to identify and define the functions of all the genes in the organism. Traditional approaches based on the isolation of mutant genes have been extraordinary fruitful. Recent advances in the manipulation and analysis of large DNA fragments have made it possible to develop detailed molecular maps of the Drosophila genome as the initial steps in determining the complete DNA sequence.
Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users among Malaysian current and ex-smokers. (2019)

This study showed that currently using and ever having used ECs were more prevalent among current smokers. The reasons given for initiating EC use among current smokers were mainly wanting to try it, followed by intention to quit and to reduce tobacco smoking. Current EC use appears to be common among current smokers who are younger, urban residents, single/divorced/widowed and students. Therefore, EC cessation intervention strategies and policies should target these high-prevalence groups.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Infection, Detection, and New Options for Prevention and Treatment (2016)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a significant cause of hospitalization of children in North America and one of the leading causes of death of infants less than 1 year of age worldwide, second only to malaria. Despite its global impact on human health, there are relatively few therapeutic options available to prevent or treat RSV infection. Paradoxically, there is a very large volume of information that is constantly being refined on RSV replication, the mechanisms of RSV-induced pathology, and community transmission. Compounding the burden of acute RSV infections is the exacerbation of preexisting chronic airway diseases and the chronic sequelae of RSV infection. A mechanistic link is even starting to emerge between asthma and those who suffer severe RSV infection early in childhood. In this article, we discuss developments in the understanding of RSV replication, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. We attempt to reconcile the large body of information on RSV and why after many clinical trials there is still no efficacious RSV vaccine and few therapeutics.
Test point insertion (1996)

We propose a low-overhead scan design methodology which employs a new test point insertion technique to establish scan paths through the functional logic. The technique re-uses the existing functional logic; as a result, the design-for-testability (DFT) overhead on area or timing can be minimized. In this paper we show an algorithm which considers the test point insertion for reducing the area overhead for the full scan design. We also discuss its application to timing-driven partial scan design.
Application of a Fringe Capacitive Sensor to Small-Distance Measurement (2003)

In this paper, we used a fringe capacitive sensor to measure a short-distance variation of a target. High-precision displacement measurement was carried out based on the small fringing capacitance of the sensor measured. Sensing sensitivity was 38 µV/µm when the measurement was carried out in the distance range from 75 to 150 µm, which is the distance range between the sensor and the target. The sensitivity of the fringing capacitor is affected by its dimension, linewidth, and pattern. A printed circuit board (PCB)-based fabrication process was used to fabricate fringing capacitive sensors of various patterns. A simple and low cost sensing circuit transformed fringing capacitances into voltage output signal, which is also called capacitance-to-voltage (C/V) conversion. We accomplished the short-distance measurement with precision up to a submicron level.
Rhizobium leguminosarum exopolysaccharide mutants: biochemical and genetic analyses and symbiotic behavior on three hosts (1989)

Ten independently generated mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli CFN42 isolated after Tn5 mutagenesis formed nonmucoid colonies on all agar media tested and lacked detectable production of the normal acidic exopolysaccharide in liquid culture. The mutants were classified into three groups. Three mutants harbored Tn5 insertions on a 3.6-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment and were complemented to have normal exopolysaccharide production by cosmids that shared an EcoRI fragment of this size from the CFN42 genome. The Tn5 inserts of five other mutants appeared to be located on a second, slightly smaller EcoRI fragment. Attempts to complement mutants of this second group with cloned DNA were unsuccessful. The mutations of the other two mutants were located in apparently adjacent EcoRI fragments carried on two cosmids that complemented those two mutants. The latter two mutants also lacked O-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharides and induced underdeveloped nodules that lacked nitrogenase activity on bean plants. The other eight mutants had normal lipopolysaccharides and wild-type symbiotic proficiencies on bean plants. Mutants in each of these groups were mated with R. leguminosarum strains that nodulated peas (R. leguminosarum biovar viciae) or clovers (R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii). Transfer of the Tn5 mutations resulted in exopolysaccharide-deficient R. leguminosarum biovar viciae or R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii transconjugants that were symbiotically deficient in all cases. These results support earlier suggestions that successful symbiosis with peas or clovers requires that rhizobia be capable of acidic exopolysaccharide production, whereas symbiosis with beans does not have this requirement.
MXene Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>: An Effective 2D Light-to-Heat Conversion Material (2017)

MXene, a new series of 2D material, has been steadily advancing its applications to a variety of fields, such as catalysis, supercapacitor, molecular separation, electromagnetic wave interference shielding. This work reports a carefully designed aqueous droplet light heating system along with a thorough mathematical procedure, which combined leads to a precise determination of internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of a variety of nanomaterials. The internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of MXene, more specifically Ti3C2, was measured to be 100%, indicating a perfect energy conversion. Furthermore, a self-floating MXene thin membrane was prepared by simple vacuum filtration and the membrane, in the presence of a rationally chosen heat barrier, produced a light-to-water-evaporation efficiency of 84% under one sun irradiation, which is among the state of art energy efficiency for similar photothermal evaporation system. The outstanding internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency and great light-to-water evaporation efficiency reported in this work suggest that MXene is a very promising light-to-heat conversion material and thus deserves more research attention toward practical applications.
Vaccinia virus B5 protein affects the glycosylation, localization and stability of the A34 protein (2010)

Vaccinia virus has two infectious forms, the intracellular mature virus, which has a single envelope, and the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), which is surrounded by two lipid bilayers. The outer membrane of the EEV contains at least six viral proteins. Among them A34, a type II membrane glycoprotein, and B5, a type I membrane glycoprotein, form a complex and are involved in processes such as morphogenesis and EEV entry. A34 is required for normal incorporation of B5 into the EEV membrane. Here, we used a virus lacking B5 and viruses with mutations in the B5 membrane-proximal stalk region and looked at the effect of those modifications on A34. Data presented show that B5 is required for the correct glycosylation, trafficking and stability of A34, emphasizing the complex interactions and mutual dependence of these vaccinia EEV proteins.
Impaired anabolic response of muscle protein synthesis is associated with S6K1 dysregulation in elderly humans (2004)

Age-related loss of muscle protein may involve a decreased response to anabolic factors of muscle protein synthesis through dysregulation of translation factors. To verify this hypothesis, we simultaneously investigated muscle protein synthesis and expression of some factors implicated in insulin signal transduction during hyperinsulinemia and hyperaminoacidemia in 6 young (25+/-1 year; mean+/-sem) and 8 elderly subjects (72+/-2 year). Incorporation of L-[1-13C] leucine in muscle proteins (fractional synthesis rate, FSR) was measured in vastus lateralis, before and during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic hyperaminoacidemic clamp, together with Western blot analysis of protein kinase B (PKB), mTOR, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 phosphorylation. In basal state, muscle protein FSR was reduced in elderly in comparison with young subjects (0.061+/-0.004% per hour) vs 0.082+/-0.010% per hour, elderly vs. young, P<0.05). During clamp, muscle protein FSR was stimulated in young (0.119+/-0.006% per hour; P<0.05), but this response was significantly lower in elderly subjects (0.084+/-0.005% per hour, P<0.05 vs young subjects). Phosphorylation of PKB, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 were similarly increased by insulin and amino acid in both groups, except for S6K1 phosphorylation, which was not stimulated in elderly subjects. In conclusion, 1) response of muscle protein synthesis to insulin and amino acid is impaired in elderly humans; 2) a defect in S6K1 pathway activation may be responsible for this alteration. This modification is a mechanistic basis of sarcopenia development during aging.
Gut microbiota and energy balance: role in obesity (2014)

The microbial community populating the human digestive tract has been linked to the development of obesity, diabetes and liver diseases. Proposed mechanisms on how the gut microbiota could contribute to obesity and metabolic diseases include: (1) improved energy extraction from diet by the conversion of dietary fibre to SCFA; (2) increased intestinal permeability for bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in response to the consumption of high-fat diets resulting in an elevated systemic LPS level and low-grade inflammation. Animal studies indicate differences in the physiologic effects of fermentable and non-fermentable dietary fibres as well as differences in long- and short-term effects of fermentable dietary fibre. The human intestinal microbiome is enriched in genes involved in the degradation of indigestible polysaccharides. The extent to which dietary fibres are fermented and in which molar ratio SCFA are formed depends on their physicochemical properties and on the individual microbiome. Acetate and propionate play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. Acetate serves as a substrate for de novo lipogenesis in liver, whereas propionate can be utilised for gluconeogenesis. The conversion of fermentable dietary fibre to SCFA provides additional energy to the host which could promote obesity. However, epidemiologic studies indicate that diets rich in fibre rather prevent than promote obesity development. This may be due to the fact that SCFA are also ligands of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR). Activation of FFAR leads to an increased expression and secretion of enteroendocrine hormones such as glucagon-like-peptide 1 or peptide YY which cause satiety. In conclusion, the role of SCFA in host energy balance needs to be re-evaluated.
Mapping of rabbit chromosome 1 markers generated from a microsatellite‐enriched chromosome‐specific library (2001)

A genomic DNA library was produced from flow-sorted rabbit chromosome 1 and enriched for fragments containing CA-repeats. Clones containing CA-repeats were identified and primers for amplification of the microsatellite were developed after sequencing the clone. The degree of polymorphism was tested in rabbits from different breeds. This approach identified 12 microsatellite markers which could be used for studying linkage relationships in the progeny of an F(2)-intercross: (AX/JUxIIIVO/JU) F(2), and two backcrosses: (OS/JxX/J)X/J and (WH/JxX/J)X/J. Seven of these markers were mapped on chromosome 1.
Diversity (1983)

The isolationism of the Monroe Doctrine, reaffirmed by simple-minded Neutrality Acts in the 1930s, became obsolete on 7 December 1941 when 353 Japanese carrier-borne aircraft made a surprise attack on America’s Pacific base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Congress declared war on Japan the following day; Germany and Italy, as Japan’s allies, declared war on the United States on 11 December. America’s history since then has been one of increasingly intricate global involvement and fluctuating national confidence.
Subjekt und Bewußtsein : Zur Kritik des Freudo-Marxismus und der Humanistischen Psychologie (1991)

published
Feasibility Study of Tissue Transglutaminase for Self-Catalytic Cross-Linking of Self-Assembled Collagen Fibril Hydrogel and Its Promising Application in Wound Healing Promotion (2019)

Collagen-based bio-hydrogels are undoubtedly a hot spot in the development of biological dressings for wound healing promotion. Herein, glutamine transaminase (TGase), a biological nontoxic cross-linker with high specific activity and reaction rate under mild conditions, was utilized for the self-catalytic cross-linking of the regenerated collagen (COL) fibril hydrogel fabricated through a molecular self-assembly method. The results showed that the natural triple helical conformation of COL remained completely integrated after self-catalytic cross-linking TGase, which was definitively the fundamental for maintaining its superior bioactivity. It was worth noting that TGase could promote the self-assembly process of COL building blocks into a higher order D-period cross-striated structure. Also, the reconstructed TGase cross-linked COL fibrils exhibited a higher degree of interfiber entanglements with more straight and longer fibrils. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of COL was significantly improved after introducing TGase. Besides, the cytocompatibility analysis suggested that the regenerated COL fibril hydrogel showed excellent cell growth activity and proliferation ability when the dosage of TGase is less than 40 U/g. Further, animal experiments indicated that the targeted COL fibril hydrogel could significantly promote skin wound healing, exhibiting better capacity of skin tissue for regeneration than the COL hydrogel untreated as expected. Therefore, the reconstructed TGase cross-linked COL fibril hydrogel could serve as a novel soft material for wound healing promotion.
ChemInform Abstract: Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Catalyzed Sodium Periodate Oxidation of Olean‐12‐en‐28‐ols and Urs‐12‐en‐28‐ols: Construction of δ11‐13β,28‐Epoxy System of Saikogenins: Partial Synthesis of 16‐Deoxysaikogenin‐F. (1990)

Abstract Oleanolic acid, hederagenin and ursolic acid are transformed to the corresponding alcohols (Ia), (Ib) and (III).
Musicgalaxy - An Adaptive User-Interface For Exploratory Music Retrieval (2010)

(Abstract to follow)