gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Optic Disk Boundary Detection by Modified Active Contour Model (2007)

This paper presents a novel deformable-model-based algorithm for fully automated detection of optic disk boundary in fundus images. The proposed method improves and extends the original snake (deforming-only technique) in two aspects: clustering and smoothing update. The contour points are first self-separated into edge-point group or uncertain-point group by clustering after each deformation, and these contour points are then updated by different criteria based on different groups. The updating process combines both the local and global information of the contour to achieve the balance of contour stability and accuracy. The modifications make the proposed algorithm more accurate and robust to blood vessel occlusions, noises, ill-defined edges and fuzzy contour shapes. The comparative results show that the proposed method can estimate the disk boundaries of 100 test images closer to the groundtruth, as measured by mean distance to closest point (MDCP) <3 pixels, with the better success rate when compared to those obtained by gradient vector flow snake (GVF-snake) and modified active shape models (ASM).
Palladium and Nickel Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation of a Steroidal Bromodiene in the Synthesis of Episteride, a Potent 5α-Reductase Inhibitor (1998)

Abstract Androst-4-en-3-one-17β-carboxylic acid 1 was converted to 3-bromo-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl) androsta-3,5-diene-17-β-carboxamide 2 by reaction with DMF/oxalyl bromide and quenching into t-butylamine. 2 was converted to 3 (R=H) by nickel cyanide catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation or palladium (0) catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation. Notes Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of 3: A 3-necked 250 mL round bottom flask was fitted with a vacuum adapter, rubber septa, stir bar. The flask was charged with 6N NaOH (20 mL), N-amyl alcohol (10.0 mL), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (20 mg, 0.054 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (40.0 mg, 0.153 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed under aspirator vacuum (12 mm) and charged with carbon monoxide (1.0 atm). This was repeated three times. Palladium acetate (20.0 mg, 0.089 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to 50°C for 0.5 h under 1.0 atm CO. The steroid 2 (2.0 g, 4.6 mmol) was dissolved in warm amyl alcohol (35°C, 10.0 mL) and degassed and flushed with carbon monoxide. The steroid mixture was added to the catalyst mixture over a 5 min. period at 50°C. The reaction mixture was then heated at 80°C for 18 h. The mixture was filtered hot and the amyl alcohol was removed by vacuum distillation. The reaction mixture was brought to pH 1.0 with HCl (12.0 N). The acid mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 40 mL), and the organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. This yielded crude 3, which was recrystallized from boiling acetonitrile (50 mL) to yield SK&F 105657 (1.41 g, 77%) as a white crystalline solid. The product was identical to previously reported 3.13 Nickel Catalyzed Synthesis of 3: A 250 mL 3-necked flask was fitted with a gas adapter and mechanical stirrer. The reactor was charged with n-butanol (20 mL), 20 % NaOH (20 mL), and Ni(CN)2·4 H2O (131 mg, 0.72 mmol). The reaction was degassed under vacuum (12 mm) (3×) and flushed with carbon monoxide (1.0 atm). The mixture was heated with vigorous stirring to 80°C for 0.5 h under 1.0 atm of carbon monoxide Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (100 mg, 0.266 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. The steroid 2 (2.0 g, 4.6 mmol) was added all at once, and the mixture was heated at 87°C under 1.0 atm. carbon monoxide for 18 h. The mixture was filtered and the organic solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The basic solution was brought to pH 2 with 1.0 N HCl and was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 20 mL). The methylene chloride layer was dried over MgSO4 and filtered. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The crude product was recrystallized from boiling acetonitrile (50 mL) to yield SK&F 105657 (1.10 g, 60%) as a white crystalline solid. The product was identical to previously reported 3.13
Work in progress - improving self-efficacy with a freshman mentor program (2008)

Transitioning from high school to a university setting is difficult, and when combined with the academic stresses of an engineering program, low undergraduate retention rates are a common problem. A solution is to produce a curriculum that can instruct students about engineering basics while improving self-efficacy. Most current methods to increase self efficacy are mentorship programs, addressing different learning pedagogies, and creating separate learning communities. Execution of these methods is prohibitive when educating large numbers of students. Preliminary self efficacy survey results show an improvement in our students as a response to both our Freshman Mentor program and Platform for Learning, TekBots.
Experimental Direct Observation of Mixed State Entanglement (2008)

We report on the direct estimation of concurrence for mixed quantum states. The used method relies on joint measurements on two copies of an entangled state. In the experimental demonstration two polarization-entangled photon pairs emitted from spontaneous parametric down-conversion are analyzed together using a linear optics controlled phase gate. We demonstrate that the measured data, without need for further numerical processing, directly yield reliable estimates, despite experimental imperfections.
First-principles calculations on the energetics of nitrogen-doped hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5 (2010)

The energetics of nitrogen-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST225) with a hexagonal structure was investigated using first-principles calculations. Nitrogen was considered to be incorporated into the GST225 matrix as either N atoms (2.7 at. %) or N2 molecules (5.3 at. %) at four possible interstitial sites. The formation energies of nitrogen-doped GST225 were all positive for both the atomic state and molecular state nitrogen, implying that the incorporation of nitrogen is not a spontaneous reaction with respect to the N2 molecule. The formation energies of GST225 doped with N2 molecule are much lower than those of GST225 doped with nitrogen atom for all of the interstitial sites considered. The changes in the electron densities caused by the addition of nitrogen showed that atomic nitrogen forms bonds with neighboring constituent atoms of GST225 and prefers Ge as the first nearest atom. On the other hand, N2 stays almost still and remains in the molecular state at the interstitial sites. The calculation results support two different experimental reports on the state of nitrogen in GST225.
HCARG EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY CALCIUM AND SODIUM IONS (2004)

: Wednesday, June 16, 2004: POSTER SESSIONS: Poster Session 53: Genetics and Molecular Biology
Integrin activation. (2001)

Integrins are cell surface adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of important processes throughout the vasculature. Here we summarize some recent findings on the regulation of integrin mediated cellular adhesion. Particular emphasis is placed on the regulation of integrin affinity for ligand (activation), although this is just one mechanism by which regulation of integrin-dependent cell adhesion can occur. Also discussed are recent observations on the structural basis of integrin activation, the role of the cytoplasmic domain in integrin affinity regulation, and potential mechanisms by which activation signals are propagated from integrin cytoplasmic domains to the extracellular ligand binding domain.
Analysis of splashing in Basic Oxygen Furnace through systematic modelling (2015)

This paper presents the results of using a systematic approach for identifying the interactions between splashing and the variables measured from the basic oxygen furnace. Splashing is a phenomenon in BOF, where a small portion of material (both slag and steel) is splashing from the BOF in an uncontrolled manner. This causes unwanted material losses, which requires additional processing phases resulting to the loss of time and money. Splashing is an undesired phenomenon and thus its analysis is important. Earlier the analysis is carried out mainly manually while the systematic approach used in this paper uses forward-selection for selecting the significant variables and multivariable linear regression as a modelling technique for identifying a model between splashing and process variables. The results show that the procedures used are able to find a variable subset that can be used for explaining changes in splashing. Despite the promising results the process and the studied approach needs more research in the future. Especially, the procedure used needs to be complemented with data selection.
Nasal indices of eosinophilic and exudative inflammation in bakery‐workers (2006)

We conclude that occupational dust exposure in bakery-workers is associated with nasal eosinophilic exudative inflammation. In contrast, occupational sensitization is not a discriminating factor with regard to indices of eosinophilic, exudative inflammation in the present material.
A New Method for Evaluating Right Ventricular Dimensions and Volume by Cineangiography. (1996)

The aim of the present study was to establish a new method to evaluate the right ventricular dimensions and volume. Biplane right ventriculography of steep left anterior oblique view (LAO) and right anterior oblique view perpendicular to LAO were performed in 32 patients. The right ventricular volume and ejection fraction calculated from the three axial dimensions of the right ventricular cavity (the septum-free wall dimension, the anterior-posterior dimension, and either the long axis dimension or the tricuspid valve-apex dimension at end-diastole and end-systole) were well correlated to those from Simpson's method. In conclusion, we developed a new method for estimating right ventricular dimensions and volume.
Structural Insights into HypB, a GTP-binding Protein That Regulates Metal Binding (2006)

HypB is a prokaryotic metal-binding guanine nucleotide-binding protein that is essential for nickel incorporation into hydrogenases. Here we solved the x-ray structure of HypB from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. It shows that the G-domain has a different topology than the Ras-like proteins and belongs to the SIMIBI (after Signal Recognition Particle, MinD and BioD) class of NTP-binding proteins. We show that HypB undergoes nucleotide-dependent dimerization, which is apparently a common feature of SIMIBI class G-proteins. The nucleotides are located in the dimer interface and are contacted by both subunits. The active site features residues from both subunits arguing that hydrolysis also requires dimerization. Two metal-binding sites are found, one of which is dependent on the state of bound nucleotide. A totally conserved ENV/IGNLV/ICP motif in switch II relays the nucleotide binding with the metal ionbinding site. The homology with NifH, the Fe protein subunit of nitrogenase, suggests a mechanistic model for the switch-dependent incorporation of a metal ion into hydrogenases.
Voltaire and Confucius: French attitudes towards China in the early twentieth century (1992)

(1992). Voltaire and Confucius: French attitudes towards China in the early twentieth century. History of European Ideas: Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 817-837.
AXAF precision metrology mount (1990)

The precision metrology mount is the structural "backbone" that supports all AXAF metrology at Hughes Danbury Optical Systems. This mount is currently designed to support P1 and Hi optics, the two outermost elements of the High Resolution Mirror Assembly (HRMA)1 . The mount must offload the mirror deterministically in a one-g field with tolerances established on the gram level. The intent of this paper is to quantify the requirements placed on the metrology mount and then to describe the design philosophy used to meet these demanding performance requirements. Finally and most importantly, the paper describes how each of the metrology mount's specifications were addressed and met from a design vantage point.
[Tumors originating in the muscularis mucosae of the recto-sigma]. (1996)

Tumours arising from the muscular layer of the bowel are uncommon and extremely rare when localized in colon and rectum. Most of them arise from the external muscular layer or muscularis propria. Tumours originating in muscularis mucosae or in the vascular system are uncommon. Two hundred rectal leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas have been described. Tumours originated in the muscularis mucosae are polypoid, pedunculated, benign and most of them will be treated by a polypectomy without recurrence. However leiomyomas arising from the muscularis propia have a 60% of recurrence after local treatment and in some cases the recurrence will be a metastatic leiomyosarcoma. Three tumours arising from muscularis mucosae of the rectum and sigma are presented. All three were diagnosed and removed by colonoscopy. Two were diagnosed as leiomyomas. The third was a low grade leiomyosarcoma and an anterior resection was performed as definitive treatment.
Optische Pyrometrie (1956)

Eines der schönsten und fruchtbarsten Anwendungsgebiete der Temperaturstrahlung bildet die optische Pyrometrie. Sie nimmt unter allen Temperaturmeßverfahren eine Sonderstellung ein insofern, als ihr Anwendungsbereich sich bis zu höchsten Temperaturen erstreckt. Sie verzichtet auf jeglichen materiellen Kontakt mit dem Objekt, wodurch zahlreiche störende Einflüsse vermieden werden, aber sie erfordert andererseits eine stets wache Kritik, da sie — angeschlossen an die Strahlungsgesetze für den absolut schwarzen Körper — für alle realen Stoffe die Kenntnis der Strahlungseigenschaften der Körperwelt erfordert. Indessen wurden eine Vielzahl von optischen Verfahren und Geräten entwickelt, die dem Experimentator und Praktiker bei sinnvoller Anwendung ein vorzügliches Hilfsmittel zur zuverlässigen Messung von Temperaturen sein können.
CTH10-3: Scalable Design of Space-Time Trellis Code with Low Decoding Complexity (2006)

Design of space-time codes that scale with the number of transmit antennas is a difficult problem. In this paper, we introduce a new family of space-time trellis codes (STTC) that can be applied to any arbitrary number of transmit antennas. This family is constructed by utilizing QPSK STTCs as component codes to construct STTCs with larger constellation size. Unlike the design of existing STTC, the search space in our design does not grow exponentially with the constellation size or the number of transmit antennas. Additionally, we propose a practical approach to reduce the computational complexity of our proposed scheme using interference mitigation techniques. Simulation results compare the performance of our approach with that of space-time block codes for the case of two transmit antennas and several different number of receive antennas, a spectral efficiency of 4 bits/s/Hz, and slow Rayleigh fading channels.
A Connecting Network with Fault Tolerance Capabilities (1986)

A new multistage interconnection network is presented in this paper. It is able to handle the communications between the connected devices correctly, even in the presence of fault(s) in the network. This goal is achieved by using redundant paths with a fast procedure able to dynamically reroute the message. It is also shown that the rerouting properties are still valid when broadcasting transmission is used.
Space, Revolution and Resistance: Ordinary Places and Extraordinary Events in Caracas (2008)

As discussed in the introduction, many scholars have argued that public space is a prerequisite for the expression, representation, preservation and enhancement of democracy (Boudreau, 2000; Caldeira, 2000; Holston and Appadurai, 1999; Low, 2000; Sassen, 1996; Low and Smith, 2006). This has not been more true than in the capital cities of Latin America in recent decades, where political demonstrations have played a critical role in the demise of totalitarian regimes and the reestablishment of democracy. Caracas, capital city of Venezuela, is a prime example in that key urban spaces have been sites for popular demonstrations since Hugo Chavez became President in 1998. Public buildings such as the seats of political and military power, and private ones such as headquarters of media corporations functioned as architectural icons and background to these events.
Novel technique for remote estimation of CO<sub>2</sub> flux in maize (2003)

There is considerable interest in assessing the magnitude of carbon sources and sinks for agricultural lands, grasslands, and forests. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to remotely assess CO 2 fluxes in maize using reflectances (ρ) in two spectral channels either in the green around 550 nm or in the red edge near 700 nm and the NIR (beyond 750 nm). Differences of reciprocal reflectances [(ρ Green ) −1 − (ρ NIR ) −1 ] and [(ρ RedEdge ) −1 − (ρ NIR ) −1 ] accounted for more than 90 percent of the variability in mid‐day canopy photosynthesis of irrigated maize. The technique was validated by an independent data set; root mean square error in predicting mid‐day canopy photosynthesis by [(ρ RedEdge ) −1 − (ρ NIR ) −1 ] was 0.17 mg/m 2 /s and 0.2 mg/m 2 /s by [(ρ Green ) −1 − (ρ NIR ) −1 ].
Direct Configurational Intercorrelation of 6,6'-Dinitro-, 6,6'-Dichloro- and 6,6'-Dimethyl-2,2'-diphenic Acid. Absolute Configuration of 6,6'-Dimethyl-2,2'-biphenyldiamine<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Configurational Intercorrelation of 6,6'-Dinitro-, 6,6'-Dichloro- and 6,6'-Dimethyl-2,2'-diphenic Acid. Absolute Configuration of 6,6'-Dimethyl-2,2'-biphenyldiamine1Francis A. McGinn, Allan K. Lazarus, Maurice Siegel, John E. Ricci, and Kurt MislowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 2, 476–480Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01535a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01535a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Definition of the Effect and Role of the Bleomycin A<sub>2</sub> Valerate Substituents: Preorganization of a Rigid, Compact Conformation Implicated in Sequence‐Selective DNA Cleavage. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Signs, intraoperative challenges, and management strategies during cataract surgery secondary to inadvertent intralenticular antivascular endothelial growth factor injection (2015)

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman who attended our outpatient department complaining of decreased vision in her right eye. Three years previously, an intravitreal injection (bevacizumab [Avastin]) had been given for diabetic macular edema. Slitlamp examination showed immature cataract. Preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery showed a deposit over a potentially compromised posterior lens capsule that was not evident on slitlamp examination. The intraoperative challenges during cataract surgery and the management strategies used for a satisfactory clinical outcome are described. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AS-OCT performed during femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery detecting a potentially compromised posterior lens capsule after intravitreal injection. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Classification of Piperazinylalkylisoxazole Library by Recursive Partitioning (2008)

A piperazinylalkylisoxazole library containing 86 compounds was constructed and evaluated for the binding affinities to dopamine (D3) and serotonin (5-HT2A/2C) receptor to develop antipsychotics. Dopamine antagonists (DA) showing selectivity for D3 receptor over the D2 receptor, serotonin antagonists (SA), and serotonin-dopamine dual antagonists (SDA) were identified based on their binding affinity and selectivity. The analogues were divided into three groups of 7 DAs (D3), 33 SAs (5-HT2A/2C), and 46 SDAs (D3 and 5-HT2A/2C). A classification model was generated for identifying structural characteristics of those antagonists with different affinity profiles. On the basis of the results from our previous study, we conducted the generation of the decision trees by the recursive-partitioning (RP) method using Cerius2 2D descriptors, and identified and interpreted the descriptors that discriminate in-house antipsychotic compounds.
A new targeted drug delivery method using ultrasound and acoustically active lipospheres (2005)

The goal is to create a strategy for localized drug delivery using engineered delivery vehicles and ultrasound energy. These drug delivery vehicles, referred to as acoustically active lipospheres (AALs), consist of small gas bubbles surrounded by thick oil shells (where drugs can be carried) and are enclosed by an outermost lipid layer. Ultrasound radiation force can be used to displace these vehicles near the blood vessel wall, after which a higher intensity pulse can fragment the vehicle and transfer its contents to the endothelium. Blood velocity ranges from 1 to 10 mm/s in the microvasculature. Therefore, agents in capillaries insonified by a transducer with a 1 mm focal beam width for 0.1 to 1 seconds can be displaced of 1 to 2 mm. Delivery vehicles containing various fluorescent dyes within the oil layer are exposed to ultrasound in cell chambers or flowing vessels. Fluorescence intensity increases more than 10-fold with application of radiation force and fragmentation, both over no exposure and over fragmentation pulses alone (both P&lt;0.001). This implies radiation force is necessary to bring AALs into proximity of the cell monolayer before their destruction in order for drug delivery to occur.
Stationäre und dynamische Motorvermessung zur Auslegung von Steuerkennfeldern – Eine kurze Übersicht (Static and Dynamic Measurements of Combustion Engines for Optimization of Control Mappings – A Brief Survey) (2005)

Abstract In Form einer Übersicht werden unterschiedliche Vermessungsstrategien (Identifikationsmethoden) von Verbrennungsmotoren vorgestellt, die gegenüber den klassischen Rastermethoden eine wesentliche Verkürzung der Messzeit erzielen. Das Ziel der Vermessung ist die Modellbildung für die Offline-Optimierung von Steuerkennfeldern des stark nichtlinearen Systems Verbrennungsmotor mit mehreren Ein- und Ausgangsgrößen. Es werden stationäre und dynamische Vermessungs- sowie Modellbildungsmethoden vorgestellt.