gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-HIV Agents Derived from the <i>e</i><i>nt</i>-Kaurane Diterpenoid Linearol (2002)

Twenty-six semisynthetic ent-kaurane derivatives of linearol (1) have been investigated for their anti-HIV effects. Five compounds (4, 7, 11, 25, and 26) showed significant activity against HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells with EC(50) values in the range <0.1-3.11 microg/mL. With TI values of 163 and 184, compounds 4 and 25 are especially promising for further development as potential anti-HIV agents.
Potential of on-board energy recovery systems to reduce the costs of diesel–electric mine truck haulage (2018)

On-board energy recovery systems (ERSs) are expected to reduce fuel consumption of open-pit mine haul trucks. However, the additional mass of an ERS would reduce the truck’s payload, hence reducing productivity, effectively increasing other haul-related costs. Using a simulation program incorporating appropriate models for a diesel-electric mine haul truck, capital costs, operating costs and four energy recovery technologies, this paper investigates how various ERS technologies would affect overall haulage cost. Two energy re-use strategies are considered. The power augmentation strategy, which aims to reduce cycle times, promises greater savings than the fuel replacement strategy, which reduces engine power using recovered power. The ERS technologies found to be best suited to the application are fast charging LiFePO4 batteries, and electro-mechanical flywheels. Using the power augmentation strategy, the potential cost reduction for both technologies under ideal conditions is 7%. Restrictions on exploiting the full potential of ERS systems are highlighted and discussed.
Loop Quantization: an Analysis and Algorithm (1987)

Loop unwinding is a well-known technique for reducing loop overhead, exposing parallelism, and increasing the efficiency of pipelining. Traditional loop unwinding is limited to the innermost loop of a set of nested loops and the amount of unwinding is either fixed or must be specified by the user. In this paper we present a general technique, loop quantization, for unwinding multiple nested loops, explain its advantages over other transformations, and illustrate its practical effectiveness. An abstraction of nested loops is presented which leads to results about the complexity of computing quantizations and an algorithm.
The Space of Admittance Control Laws that Guarantees Force- Assembly (1993)

If an admittance control law is properly designed, a workpiece can be guided into a future using only the contact forces for guidance Iforce-assembly). Previously, we have shown that a control law that allows force-assembly with friction can be obtained as long as the forces associated with positional misalignment are characteristic. Using an optimization procedure, a &k accommodation control law that allows force-assembly at the maximum value of friction is obtained. This single accommodation control law, however, is not unique nor is it necessarily the best. There exists a space of accommodation control laws that will allow forceassembly at (or below) the value of friction that marginally violdes the characteristic forces condition. Here, for the purpose of the accommodation control law design, a set of linear sufficient conditions is used to generate accommodation bmis matrices. Any nonnegative linear combination of the accommodation basis matrices that, when combined, yielak a positive definite accommodation matrix, is guaranteed to provide force-assembly at (or below) the value of friction specified. 1 .O: INTRODUCTION
A Rapid Method for the Determination of Iron in Sake by the Emission Spectral Analysis of the Inductively Coupled Plasma (1992)

The emission spectral analysis of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using the internal standard was applied to the determination of iron in sake in comparison with the conventional methods using the atomic absorption spectrometric (AA) method or colorimetric determination using PDTS. The present study aimed at to decrease the influence of alcohol and sugars contained in sake without pretreatment.The following results were obtained.1. ICP-internal standard method has a good accuracy and a good reproducibility.2. It has good correlations with conventional methods.
Performing data flow testing on classes (1994)

The basic unit of testing in an object-oriented program is a class. Although there has been much recent research on testing of classes, most of this work has focused on black-box approaches. However, since black-box testing techniques may not provide sufficient code coverage, they should be augmented with code-based or white-box techniques. Dataflow testing is a code-based testing technique that uses the dataflow relations in a program to guide the selection of tests. Existing dataflow testing techniques can be applied both to individual methods in a class and to methods in a class that interact through messages, but these techniques do not consider the dataflow interactions that arise when users of a class invoke sequences of methods in an arbitrary order. We present a new approach to class testing that supports dataflow testing for dataflow interactions in a class. For individual methods in a class, and methods that send messages to other methods in a the class, our technique is similar to existing dataflow testing techniques. For methods that are accessible outside the class, and can be called in any order by users of the class, we compute dataflow information, and use it to test possible interactions between these methods. The main benefit of our approach is that it facilitates dataflow testing for an entire class. By supporting dataflow testing of classes, we provide opportunities to find errors in classes that may not be uncovered by black-box testing. Our technique is also useful for determining which sequences of methods should be executed to test a class, even in the absence of a specification. Finally, as with other code-based testing techniques, a large portion of our technique can be automated.
The recruitment and application of scientific information in coastal and marine resources management : analogs to the Galapagos Islands (1985)

This report discusses the recruitment and use of scientific information for coastal resources management in archipelagos, the Cape Verde Islands and the Republic of the Seychelles, that share certain features with the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. Three international coastal resources management programs -- the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB), the Eastern Caribbean Natural Areas Management Program (ECNAMP), and the UNEP Regional Seas Programs -- are also examined for relevance to the Galapagos case. For each archipelago, the report presents a brief national profile, summarizes major resource issues, describes the roles scientists have played in coastal management, assesses the outcomes of scientific involvement, and outlines possible barriers to the use of information. The scientific community has had a limited presence in Cape Verde, except in the fisheries sector where fish landings and export values have climbed in response to technical assistance and innovation. There has been very little progress on species protection, designation of natural areas, or integration of environmental concerns in development sectors. The Seychelles have many features in common with the Galapagos. Integration of scientific information there has been strongest in species protection, special area designation, and preparation of resource inventories. A mutual exchange of information between the Seychelles and Ecuador may benefit both countries. The three international programs vary in their geographic scope, formality, and precision. ECNAMP has made impressive contributions to site planning, but is not likely to be a promising model for archipelago-wide management. The Southeast Pacific Regional Seas Program, a general and voluntary consortium of nations under UNEP sponsorship, may present a useful framework in which to cooperate with Ecuador's neighbors. The MAB program has sponsored designation of dozens of biosphere reserves worldwide and specific projects emphasizing tourism/endemic species interaction. MAB may provide a useful network for information exchange.
Abstract B25: DNA hypermethylation in prostate cancer is a consequence of aberrant epithelial differentiation and hyperproliferation (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer (CaP) is mostly composed of differentiated luminal cells, but contains a small subpopulation of undifferentiated basal cells (including stem-like cells), which is thought to be the driving force of CaP. In cancers, CpG island hypermethylation has been associated with gene downregulation, but the causal relationship between the two phenomena is still debated. This study aimed to understand the function and origin of CpG island hypermethylation in CaP, in the context of cancer hierarchy and differentiation. We have analyzed separately primary prostate basal and luminal cells derived from BPH and CaP. This allowed us to dissect the intra-tumor heterogeneity, and to understand the origin of gene downregulation and hypermethylation in CaP. We report that a set of genes commonly hypermethylated in CaP (including GSTP1) is: (i) downregulated as a result of prostate-specific epithelial differentiation in both CaP and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); (ii) selectively hypermethylated in differentiated (luminal) cancer cells, process promoted by the hyperproliferating phenotype of these cells; (iii) actively expressed and methylation free in undifferentiated (basal) CaP cells. Downregulation and hypermethylation of these genes is not essential for tumor development or tumor expansion. Moreover, for all these genes, downregulation induced by prostate-specific differentiation, is independent of DNA hypermethylation, and is associated with detachment of RNA PolII from their promoter and reduction in histone marks associated with active transcription. Citation Format: Davide Pellacani, Dimitra Kestoras, Alastair P. Droop, Fiona M. Frame, Paul A. Berry, Mitchell G. Lawrence, Michael J. Stower, Matthew S. Simms, Vincent M. Mann, Anne T. Collins, Gail P. Risbridger, Norman J. Maitland. DNA hypermethylation in prostate cancer is a consequence of aberrant epithelial differentiation and hyperproliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B25.
X-linked malformations of neuronal migration (1996)

Malformations of neuronal migration such as lissencephaly (agyria-pachygyria spectrum) are well-known causes of mental retardation and epilepsy that are often genetic. For example, isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome are caused by deletions involving a lissencephaly gene in chromosome 17p13.3, while many other malformation syndromes have autosomal recessive inheritance. In this paper, we review evidence supporting the existence of two distinct X-linked malformations of neuronal migration. X-linked lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia (XLIS) presents with sporadic or familial mental retardation and epilepsy. The brain malformation varies from classical lissencephaly, which is observed in males, to subcortical band heterotopia, which is observed primarily in females. The XLIS gene is located in chromosome Xq22.3 based on the breakpoint of an X-autosomal translocation. Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (BPNH) usually presents with sporadic or familial epilepsy with normal intelligence, primarily in females, although we have evaluated two boys with BPNH and severe mental retardation. The gene for BPNH has been mapped to chromosome Xq28 based on linkage studies in multiplex families and observation of a subtle structural abnormality in one of the boys with BPNH and severe mental retardation.
Parameter estimation from Rician‐distributed data sets using a maximum likelihood estimator: Application to t1 and perfusion measurements (1999)

General expressions are presented to calculate the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and corresponding Fisher matrix for Rician-distributed data sets. This estimator results in the most precise, unbiased estimations of T1 from magnitude data sets, even when low signal-to-noise ratios (<6) are present. By optimizing the sample point distributions for inversion-recovery experiments, a 32% increase in precision of the estimated T1 is obtained, compared with a linear sampling scheme. Perfusion rates are estimated from combined data sets of the slice- and nonslice-selective inversion-recovery experiments, as obtained with the flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique. The ML estimator for the combined data set results in the most precise, unbiased estimations of the perfusion rate. Error analysis shows that very high signal-to-noise ratios are required for precise estimation of perfusion rates from FAIR experiments. Magn Reson Med 41:614–623, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Carrier photogeneration from a higher excited singlet state produced via triplet–triplet annihilation in <i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole–1-vinylnaphthalene copolymer (1977)

The carrier photogeneration mechanism has been investigated in N-vinylcarbazole(VCz) –1-vinylnaphthalene(VNa) copolymers. The photocurrent as well as the delayed fluorescence of carbazole (Cz) chromophore are enhanced in the copolymer, which contains a few mole percent of VNa units, and the delayed fluorescence of naphthalene (Na) chromophore is observed with selective excitation of Cz in its lowest π–π* transition, i.e., with lower energy than the first excited singlet state of Na. The photocurrent in this copolymer exhibits a quadratic dependence upon the excitation light intensity in a high field. Detailed investigations of the emission spectra and the photocurrent in this VCz–VNa system lead to the ’’intrinsic’’ carrier photogeneration via the triplet state of carbazole moiety as follows: Czhν→1Cz*→3Cz* →3Na*T–Tannihilation→1Na**→1Cz**→carriers. Here, the double asterisk indicates the higher excited state. As evidenced by the existence of this mechanism in the copolymers, also in the VCz homopolymer is suggested the possibility of the intrinsic photocarrier generation from higher singlet via multiphotonic process involving a triplet state.
<i>In situ</i>growth of gold colloids within alginate films (2010)

Gold-alginate bionanocomposite films were prepared by impregnation of alginate films with HAuCl(4) followed by reduction with glucose. The mannuronate over guluronate ratio (M/G) of the polymer as well as the initial polymer concentration were shown to influence the film thickness, the amount of trapped Au(3 + ) ions, and the volume fraction of Au(0) nanoparticles but not the size of these colloids (about 4 nm). The homogeneity of the gold colloid dispersion within the alginate gels was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confirmed by simulation of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra using the Maxwell-Garnett model. The calculated spectra also provided fruitful information about the gold colloid/alginate interface. Overall, the whole process is controlled by the balance between the M/G ratio, defining the polymer affinity for Au(III) species, and the solution viscosity, controlling the diffusion phenomena.
Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Virus Clearance by Flocculation Prior to Microfiltration (2004)

Validating virus clearance is a major concern in the biotechnology industry. New unit operations are frequently added to the purification train simply to validate virus clearance resulting in reduced product recovery and increased manufacturing costs. There is therefore a great need to validate virus clearance in existing unit operations. Clearance of murine leukemia virus (MLV) and minute virus of mice (MVM) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell suspensions by flocculation and microfiltration has been investigated in this paper. MLV is a retrovirus while MVM a parvovirus. These viruses are recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration for validation of retrovirus and parvovirus clearance. MLV is an enveloped virus while MVM a non-enveloped. MLV particles are between 80-130 nm in size while MVM particles are much smaller being 18-24 nm. Feed streams consisted of CHO cells spiked with the viruses. Two cationic flocculants were used to flocculate the feed suspension prior to microfiltration using hollow fiber membranes. The level of virus clearance in the permeate was determined using the TCID50 (Tissue culture Infective Dose 50) assay. Virus clearance was studied using 0.1μm pore size membranes. Clearance of MVM in excess of 105 fold was obtained in the permeate for flocculated feed streams. However 100 fold lower clearance was obtained for un-flocculated feed streams. About 1 000 fold clearance of MLV was obtained. Addition of the flocculant however leads to an increase in the permeate flux.
Complement Modulating and Anticoagulant Effects of a Sulfated Exopolysaccharide Released by the Cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis aquatilis</i> (2006)

During batch cultivation, the cyanobacterial strain Synechocystis aquatilis Sauvageau B90.79 was found to release a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide, which was mainly composed of arabinose (45%) and fucose (47%) and had a degree of sulfation of 0.43. The released polysaccharide showed merely an anticoagulant activity of less than 10% compared to the reference compound, unfractionated heparin. However, distinctive effects on the complement activation were observed: its inhibitory effect on the classical pathway of complement activation was 600-fold stronger than that of unfractionated heparin, whereas that on the alternative pathway of complement activation was 2- to 3-fold weaker. The results indicate that this biotechnologically producible, released polysaccharide represents a specifically acting complement modulator.
Abstract B30: Digital multiplex immunofluorescence analysis identifies immune profiles in the tumor stroma associated with clinical outcome (2018)

Abstract Background: The recent successes of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) raise the interest to the deeper understanding of the diversity of the immune microenvironment. Meticulous characterization of the immune cell infiltrates is crucial for patients’ prognosis and the prediction therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to analyze expression profiles of the immune cells and their linkage to clinical parameters in NSCLC patients. Methods: A tissue microarray of the NSCLC cohort comprised of 55 cases was used in the study. The staining was performed with the antibodies against CD8, CD20, CD4, FoxP3, CD45RO and pan-cytokeratin together with immuno-fluorescent markers (Opal, Perkin Elmer) and digital images acquired by a multispectral imaging system (Vectra 3, PerkinElmer). Marker expression pattern was evaluated on a cell level in total sample area, or in stroma and tumor area separately. Conventional immunohistochemical techniques and RNAseq data were used to validate the method. Results: Marker expression intensities were used to identify 5 non-epithelial cell classes, which express CD8, CD20, CD4, FoxP3, CD45RO. Relative abundance of marker-positive cells in individual cases were subjected to hierarchical clustering analysis, for the discovery of distinct immune cell infiltration patterns. The resulted clusters were exploratively analyzed with regard to survival associations. Patients with specific immune profile with high infiltration of FoxP3+ cells, moderate infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and low quantity of CD20+ and CD45RO+ cells in the stroma were associated with longer survival (median 87 vs. 54 month, log-rank p=0.050). Conclusion: Multi-marker analysis on single-cell levels with the fluorescence multiplexed IHC technique provides a valuable basic immune profile of cancer patients. Clustering analysis of the expression of immune markers identified a group of patients with improved survival in NSCLC independent of histology. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Artur Mezheyeuski, Christian Bergsland, Max Backman, Tobias Sjöblom, Ragnhild A. Lothe, Jarle Bruun, Patrick Micke. Digital multiplex immunofluorescence analysis identifies immune profiles in the tumor stroma associated with clinical outcome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Integration over the unit triangle (1977)

Abstract An integration formula for polynomial expressions in terms of the unit triangle co‐ordinates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: LANTHANIDE PHOTOCHEMISTRY INITIATED IN F‐F TRANSITIONS (1979)

Abstract An den Komplexen (I) wird gezeigt, daß absorbierte Energie im f‐f‐Übergang einen photochemischen Wechsel bedingt, wodurch eine Photosubstitution erfolgt.
Antigenic specificity of the cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to murine sarcoma virus‐induced tumors. I. Preferential reactivity of <i>in vitro</i> generated secondary CTL with syngeneic tumor cells (1976)

Abstract Incubation of spleen cells from mice having rejected a Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)‐induced tumor with syngeneic irradiated lymphoma or sarcoma cells bearing MSV‐associated antigens in secondary mixed leukocyte‐tumor cell cultures (MLTC) resulted in the generation of highly active cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) specifically directed against syngeneic target cells bearing MSV‐associated antigens. When MSV‐immune spleen cells from C57BL/6 (H‐2 b ) and BALB/c (H‐2 d ) mice were compared with respect to their ability to generate CTL in syngeneic secondary MLTC, it was found that both lymphoid cell populations were equally able to mount an anamnestic CTL response to MSV‐associated antigens as assessed by a short‐term 51 Cr release assay. However, quantitative analysis of the activity of both CTL populations on either H‐2 b or H‐2 d tumor cells indicated that target cells sharing the same major histocompatibility complex (MHC) as the effector cells were lysed 10‐ to 100‐fold more efficiently than allogeneic target cells. As suggested by the results of inhibition experiments using mixtures of 51 Cr‐labeled and unlabeled target cells, preferential lysis of syngeneic versus allogeneic tumor cells might be related to the establishment of effective adhesions between the former and CTL. Direct evidence for the role of MHC in determining the antigenic specificity of CTL directed against MSV‐associated antigens was provided by results obtained using MSV‐immune spleen cells from congenic resistant mice. Furthermore, studies of the response of F 1 (H‐2 b/d ) hybrid mice showed that stimulation of immune spleen cells with tumor cells from one parental strain or the other in secondary MLTC resulted in the generation of CTL capable of lysing tumor target cells of the same parental strain as the stimulating cells, but not of the other. The results thus suggested the presence of two sets of CTL precursor cells in F 1 MSV‐immune spleens, each set responding exclusively to tumor antigens associated with only one of the two parental phenotypes.