gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yield and Yield Components Response to Defoliation of Spring Wheat Genotypes with Different Level of Resistance to Helminthosporium Leaf Blight (2005)

Breeding for resistance to Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) caused by a complex of spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) and tan spot (Pyerenophora tritici-repentis Died) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is difficult due to complex nature of resistance, and high influence of environment. This study was conducted to examine whether genotypes having variation in level of resistance and tolerance differ in compensation to loss of leaves. Five spring wheat genotypes with different levels of resistance and tolerance to HLB were grown under irrigated field conditions in randomized complete block design during 2001-2002 and 2002- 2003 wheat-growing season at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Defoliation treatments consist of removal of flag (F), penultimate (F-1), and both F and F-1 leaves were done one day after anthesis. Results showed that defoliation had significant effects on grain yield, biomass yield, thousand-kernel weight (TKW) but not on harvest index, number of grains per spike, kernel per spikelet, and spikelets per spike. All genotypes included in this study showed some degree of compensation for loss of F, F-1, and both F and F-1 leaves, which was found to be variable between years. Removal of flag leaf was compensated by the resistant genotype NL750 for both grain yield and TKW but not for both F and F-1 leaves. Loss of both F and F-1 leaves was better compensated by BL 1473, a stably tolerant genotype in both years. For other genotypes sensitivity to defoliation was found as variable as tolerance to HLB.   Key words: Spot blotch, tan spot, defoliation, compensation, flag leaf removal, penultimate leaf removal   J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:43-50 (2005)
Eye tumors: an overview (2011)

Intraocular eye cancer diagnosis is based on ophthalmic examination, patient history, A/B scan ultrasonography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Ocular tumors can be generally divided into the categories that appear below. These cancers can arise in children or adults. I. Intraocular tumors of childhood A. Retinal tumors -1. Retinoblastoma B. Iris and ciliary body lesions -1. Medulloepithelioma C. Choroidal and RPE lesions -1. Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium -2. Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium -3. Congenital melanocytosis D. Other benign tumors II. Intraocular tumors in adults A. Choroidal and RPE lesions -1. Choroidal nevus -2. Choroidal melanoma B. Iris and ciliary body lesions -1. Fuchs adenoma -2. Iris nevus -3. Ciliary body nevus -4. Iris melanoma -5. Ciliary body melanoma C. Metastatic disease to the choroid III. Vascular tumors A. Retinal capillary hemangioma B. Retinal cavernous hemangioma C. Choroidal hemangioma Clinics and pathology
Mechanics and Physics of Soft Materials (2016)

Materials where thermal energy is comparable to the interaction energy between molecules are called soft materials. Soft materials are everywhere in our life: food, rubber, polymer diaper, our own body, etc. The thermal fluctuation endows soft materials with fundamentally different behavior comparing to hard materials like metals and ceramics. This dissertation studies three aspects of the mechanics and physics of soft materials, as is reviewed below.\n\nFirst, soft materials are generally swellable and viscous. The combination of diffusion and viscous flow gives rise to a length scale we called poroviscous length. The emergence of a length scale results in size dependent relaxation. We show that the coupling between diffusion and viscous flow explains the Brownian motion in supercooled liquids, where the classical result of Stokes-Einstein relation generally fails. The concurrent diffusion and viscous flow cannot be described by the classical hydrodynamics, where all the material transport is lumped into velocity field. We formulated a continuum theory to modify the classical hydrodynamics. In particular, the new theory predicts a new bulk viscosity that could exist in incompressible material. We generalize this idea of bulk viscosity to binary systems and study the mixing of materials that is limited by local structural rearrangement instead of diffusion. This model develops formulation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics by removing the common assumption of local equilibrium.\n\nSecond, capillarity has strong influence on the morphology of soft materials. The competition between capillarity and elasticity gives rise to the elastocapillary length, which is defined as surface tension over the shear modulus. We show that elastocapillary effect explains the complex nucleation of crease, a widely observed surface instability in soft elastic materials. We also explore the possible competition between capillarity and osmosis in gels, which defines the osmocapillary length, the surface tension divided by osmotic pressure. We show that at small enough length scale or for a gel that is nearly fully swollen, surface tension can pull liquid solvent out from the gel phase, a phenomenon we termed osmocapillary phase separation.\n\nThird, soft materials are nearly incompressible. The incompressibility and softness makes elastomers ideal for the design of seals. Although the failure of seals has been studies for decades, existing studies mainly focus on the damage and degradation of materials. Here we study the leak of a seal due to elastic deformation without any damage. We call such a failure mode the elastic leak. We point out that elastic leak is involved in any leak event no matter whether material is damaged or not. We also show that the reversible nature of the elastic leak enable seal series to achieve higher sealing capability.
Collagen Sponge Repair of Small Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Obviates Tissue Grafts and Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion after Pituitary Surgery (2001)

OBJECTIVE Repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak created at the time of transsphenoidal surgery typically involves placement of a fat, fascial, or muscle graft and sellar floor reconstruction. In this report, a simplified repair for small, “weeping” CSF leaks using collagen sponge is described. METHODS All patients underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal procedure using the operating microscope. At the completion of tumor removal, if a small CSF leak was noted but no obvious large arachnoidal defect was present, a piece of collagen sponge was fashioned to cover the exposed diaphragma sellae. Titanium mesh was then wedged into the intrasellar, extradural space and a larger piece of collagen was placed over the reconstructed sellar floor. Nasal packing was removed within 24 hours. RESULTS During an 18-month period, 62 consecutive transsphenoidal procedures were performed for tumor removal. Of 20 patients with a small CSF leak (18 pituitary adenomas, 1 Rathke’s cleft cyst, and 1 chordoma), all had successful repair with collagen sponge. At follow-up examinations at 1 to 18 months, no patient had required a lumbar drain or had developed meningitis. One other patient had a large intraoperative arachnoidal defect that was unsuccessfully repaired with the collagen sponge technique; in this patient, a second operation was required with a fat graft, sellar floor reconstruction, and lumbar drainage. CONCLUSION A simplified repair of small CSF leaks after transsphenoidal surgery using a two-layered collagen sponge technique with sellar floor reinforcement is thought to be safe and effective and obviates the need for tissue grafts, fibrin glue, or lumbar drain placement.
Development of silicon insert molded plastic (SIMP) (2005)

Thesis (Mech. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
The Effect of Some Fuel and Operating Parameters on Exhaust Valve Seat Wear (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We are currently faced with the possibility of operating millions of passenger cars and trucks on gasolines free of lead whereas they were designed to operate with leaded gasoline. The studies discussed in this paper illustrate the potential engine damage in the form of exhaust-valve seat wear that could result from such a move. This work shows that the inclusion of phosphorus in zero-lead gasoline is not a complete solution to the exhaust-valve seat wear problem, but that as little as 0.5 gm of lead per gallon in gasoline can provide complete exhaust-valve seat wear protection under relatively severe conditions of speed and load.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Comparison of photomicrographs of exhaust valves and exhaust valve seats run with zero-lead and 0.5 gm leaded gasolines permits speculation on the mechanism responsible for exhaust valve seat wear in engines fueled with zero-lead gasoline.</div>
The Elephants of Africa (1998)

Video review for the following title: The Elephants of Africa: Nature. Produced by Scorer Associates, 1997. 55 minutes. $19.95 + $4.95 S/H.
Determination of H<sup>+</sup>/ATP Stoichiometry for the Plasma Membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from Red Beet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Storage Tissue (1991)

The H(+)/ATP stoichiometry was determined for the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase from red beet (Beta vulgaris L., var Detroit Dark Red) storage tissue associated with native vesicles. The determination of H(+)/ATP stoichiometry utilized a kinetic approach where rates of H(+) influx, estimated by three different methods, were compared to rates of ATP hydrolysis measured by the coupled enzyme assay under identical conditions. These methods for estimating H(+) influx were based upon either determining the initial rate of alkalinization of the external medium from pH 6.13, measuring the rate of vesicle H(+) leakage from a steadystate pH gradient after stopping the H(+)-ATPase or utilizing a mathematical model which describes the net transport of H(+) at any given point in time. When the rate of H(+) influx estimated by each of these methods was compared to the rate of ATP hydrolysis, a H(+)/ATP stoichiometry of about 1 was observed. In consideration of the maximum free energy available from ATP hydrolysis (DeltaG(atp)), this value for H(+)/ATP stoichiometry is sufficient to account for the magnitude of the proton electrochemical gradient observed across the plasma membrane in vivo.
THE PHENOMENON OF OCCLUSION IN PRECIPITATES OF BARIUM SULFATE, AND ITS RELATION TO THE EXACT DETERMINATION OF SULFATE. (1911)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PHENOMENON OF OCCLUSION IN PRECIPITATES OF BARIUM SULFATE, AND ITS RELATION TO THE EXACT DETERMINATION OF SULFATE.John Johnston and L. H. AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911, 33, 6, 829–845Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1911Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1911https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02219a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02219a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biosensor Design and Application, Copyright, 1992 Advisory Board, Foreword (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKFront MatterNEXTBiosensor Design and Application, Copyright, 1992 Advisory Board, ForewordM. Joan ComstockM. Joan ComstockMore by M. Joan ComstockDOI: 10.1021/bk-1992-0511.fw001Publication Date (Print):October 23, 1992Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 23 October 1992RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSBiosensor Design and Applicationpp i-viACS Symposium SeriesVol. 511ISBN13: 9780841224940eISBN: 9780841213678 Copyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyChapter Views501Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (282 KB) Get e-Alerts
Chemical actinometry in the UV range based on the photohydrolysis of 3,4-dimethoxynitrobenzene (1986)

Photochemical hydrolysis of 3,4-dimethoxynitrobenzene in aqueous potassium hydroxide leading to the formation of 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenolate anion is routinely used for the determination of UV light intensity. The quantum efficiency of the actinometric system is independent on the excitation wavelength ( 254, 313, 365 nm) and reaches the value of 0.116 ± 0.002 in 0.5 M-KOH. The light intensity determination is based purely on UV/VIS spectral absorption data. A photokinetic model is presented for the reaction which is generally applicable for any photochemical system with the involvement of inner filtration due to products and partial light absorption. The evaluation of primary spectral data is performed by numerical integration of the photokinetic equation.
The compound state: Hb S/beta-thalassemia (2015)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Safety and Efficacy of Amlodipine Added to Hydrochlorothiazide Therapy in Essential Hypertension (1989)

We compared amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, to placebo as add-on therapy to hydrochlorothiazide in 91 hypertensive patients inadequately controlled on hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/d for four weeks). This was a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel group-trial; 45 patients received placebo and 46 received amlodipine in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg qd (mean 9 mg/d). Supine blood pressure systolic/diastolic, mean +/- SE mm Hg) 24-hour postdose was significantly reduced by 14.2 +/- 2.3/11.7 +/- 1, compared to placebo, 4.5 +/- 2.7/5 +/- 1.2. Standing blood pressure was similarly reduced: amlodipine by 14 +/- 2.7/12.5 +/- 1.2; placebo by 3 +/- 2.1/5.8 +/- 1.2. This reduction in blood pressure was attained without any significant changes in pulse rate, EKG, and serum lipids (triglycerides were reduced in the amlodipine group by 42.9 mg/dL, P = .023). Only two patients had side effects requiring discontinuation from the study (both in the amlodipine group). Side effects occurred in 27 amlodipine-treated patients (11 with peripheral edema) and 18 patients in the placebo (three with peripheral edema) group. Investigator's assessment of therapeutic effect and tolerability, and the percent of responders v nonresponders was also in favor of amlodipine. Thus amlodipine administered once daily is an effective and safe agent for second-step therapy in mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Properties of Indium Phosphide (1990)

Designed for those who study, process or use indium phosphate in their work, this volume contains 133 specialized surveys of research and development on the substance. It includes material on resistivity, photoconductivity, band structure, optical functions, diffusion and more.
The Effect of Thermal Processing on Multilayer Porous Silicon Microcavity (2000)

The effect of thermal processing, that gave limited oxidation from annealing under N2 atmosphere, on multilayer porous silicon (P-Si) microcavities has been investigated. The reflectivity spectra were measured before and after thermal processing. The observation of multilayer samples by scanning electron microscopy has shown unexpected expansion and compression of P-Si layers. It is found that thermal processing not only changed the effective refractive indices of the individual porous layers but also roughened their respective interfaces.
Optimal approximations of power laws with exponentials: application to volatility models with long memory (2007)

We propose an explicit recursive method to approximate a power-law with a finite sum of weighted exponentials. Applications to moving averages with long memory are discussed in relationship with stochastic volatility models.
Bose-Einstein Dynamics and Adaptive Contracting in the Motion Picture Industry (1996)

Audiences discover what films they like and spread the word. Information feedback produces Bose-Einstein dynamics in the motion picture box office revenue distribution. Information cascades generate box office ‘hits' and ‘flops'. The revenue distribution evolves recursively over the ‘run' as a mixture of the ‘opening' and a stochastic competition among films. The motion picture run is decentralised, adaptive, and self-organising: semi-stationary admission prices, local information, and contingency-rich contracts match the film rental price and the supply of theatrical engagements to demand.
Field Results of Miscible-Displacement Program Using Liquid Propane Driven by Gas, Parks Field Unit, Midland County, Texas (1961)

Abstract A miscible-displacement program utilizing a propane slug driven by residue gas has been in operation in the Parks field unit approximately three years. A total of 1,540,000 bbl of liquid propane was injected into 23 wells between June, 1957, and July, 1958. During July, 1958, residue gas injection was begun at an injection rate of approximately 10 MMcf/D. Gas has been injected at this rate to the present time, and cumulative gas injection to July 1, 1960, has totaled 6,871 MMcf. It is concluded at this time that the project can be declared an engineering success since field results indicate an oil bank has been created by a gas-driven propane slug. It is further concluded that the project will be an economic success insofar as additional oil recovery over primary is concerned. However, the project has not been in operation a sufficient length of time to declare it an economic success in regard to oil recovery over that which it is believed could have been obtained by water injection. The answer to this question is yet to be determined. It is estimated that the ultimate recovery of the oil originally in place would have been 17 per cent by primary depletion, 41 per cent by water injection and will be 55 per cent by propane-gas-water injection. Introduction Miscible displacement is an oil-recovery process which is rapidly gaining popularity inasmuch as the process recovers 100 per cent of the oil in place in the swept volume. In comparison, straight gas injection normally recovers only 45 to 55 per cent, and water injection recovers 60 to 70 per cent of the oil originally in place in the swept area. The Parks field unit is an early field-wide example of the slug-type miscible-displacement process wherein a slug of fluid is injected into the reservoir which is miscible with both the reservoir and displacing fluids. In the Parks project, the slug was composed essentially of propane, and the displacing fluid is residue gas which is miscible with the propane at the existing reservoir conditions. Laboratory tests indicate extremely high recoveries from the swept reservoir volume by the miscible-slug process, but this is only a partial answer to the economic applicability of the process in an actual reservoir. The final answer can only be determined by field tests. The two main questions which must be answered through field testing are the following. How much volume will be swept? What minimum-size LPG slug can be utilized and still maintain miscibility throughout the process? Obtaining answers to these questions were two of the many objectives considered in arriving at the decision to install a field-wide miscible-slug process of such magnitude as the Parks project.
Final results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial. (2004)

Early treatment of high-risk prethreshold ROP significantly reduced unfavorable outcomes in both primary and secondary (structural) measures.
Synthesis of phthalocyanines and related compounds (2000)

This paper provides a review of synthesis of the phthalocyanines containing various macrocycles at the peripheral position of the benzene rings. They are expected to be suitable to change the chemical and physical properties toward the need of technologycal applications. In addition, transition and alkali metal phthalocyanine complexes especially rare-earth bis phthalocyanines, are object of intense investigations for their unique optical and electrochemical properties. The methodology of synthesis, purification and yield varies the structural designation which is restricted and depends on the starting compounds.
Red Blood Cell Image Generation for Data Augmentation Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

In this paper, we describe how to apply image-to-image translation techniques to medical blood smear data to generate new data samples and meaningfully increase small datasets. Specifically, given the segmentation mask of the microscopy image, we are able to generate photorealistic images of blood cells which are further used alongside real data during the network training for segmentation and object detection tasks. This image data generation approach is based on conditional generative adversarial networks which have proven capabilities to high-quality image synthesis. In addition to synthesizing blood images, we synthesize segmentation mask as well which leads to a diverse variety of generated samples. The effectiveness of the technique is thoroughly analyzed and quantified through a number of experiments on a manually collected and annotated dataset of blood smear taken under a microscope.
A CMOS linear preamplifier design for electret microphones (2008)

A gm-opamp-RC configured CMOS linear preamplifier for electret microphone is presented in this paper. The transconductance amplifier (gm-cell), as a V/I convertor at the input stage of the preamplifier, adopts a negative feedback loop at its input pair to enhance the linearity of the output current. Feedback loop improves the SFDR of the preamplifier by 9 dB. Simulated peak signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) is 62 dB at 100 mVpp with 2 pF switching capacitor load at 2.56 MHz. The preamplifier operates under 1.8 V supply voltage and the total current consumption is 190 muA. It has been designed for a 0.18 mum CMOS technology.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Crowned Coumarins as Self-Catalytic Fluorescence Reagents (1995)

Abstract Three coumarin reagents carrying crown-ether moieties as catalytic sites for the fluorescence derivatization of carboxylic acids were designed and synthesized. The catalytic abilities of these reagents were evaluated based on the stability constants (Ks) for complexation with metal acetates in methanol. The derivatization reactions of carboxylic acids with these reagents proceeded self-catalytically without crown-ether catalysts, and gave the corresponding coumarin esters in good yields. It was found that their reactivities significantly depended upon the metal-binding ability of the reagent molecules from kinetic treatments of the reactions. The derivatized products showed remarkably high fluorescence quantum yields of above 0.8 in methanol. These results suggested that the functionalization of reagents was a quite useful approach for the development of new-type analytical reagents.