gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cohesin SMC1β protects telomeres in meiocytes (2009)

Meiosis-specific mammalian cohesin SMC1beta is required for complete sister chromatid cohesion and proper axes/loop structure of axial elements (AEs) and synaptonemal complexes (SCs). During prophase I, telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope (NE), but in Smc1beta(-/-) meiocytes, one fifth of their telomeres fail to attach. This study reveals that SMC1beta serves a specific role at telomeres, which is independent of its role in determining AE/SC length and loop extension. SMC1beta is necessary to prevent telomere shortening, and SMC3, present in all known cohesin complexes, properly localizes to telomeres only if SMC1beta is present. Very prominently, telomeres in Smc1beta(-/-) spermatocytes and oocytes loose their structural integrity and suffer a range of abnormalities. These include disconnection from SCs and formation of large telomeric protein-DNA extensions, extended telomere bridges between SCs, ring-like chromosomes, intrachromosomal telomeric repeats, and a reduction of SUN1 foci in the NE. We suggest that a telomere structure protected from DNA rearrangements depends on SMC1beta.
Motor unit numbers and contractile properties after spinal cord injury (1990)

The number of motor units in the thenar muscle group was estimated in 11 patients with cervical spinal cord injuries. The surface electromyogram and twitch force, in response to maximal stimulation of the median nerve was divided by the average surface electromyogram and twitch of single units. The average single unit size was obtained by intramuscular microstimulation of motor nerve branches and by graded whole nerve stimulation, which provided three independent estimates, two based on the electromyogram and one based on force. The motor unit estimates from the patients covered a wide range. Some had essentially normal motor units both in numbers and contractile properties, while others had varying reductions in numbers of units. Those patients who showed a large reduction in motor unit numbers also had greatly enlarged units, which produced an average of up to sixfold the normal force. These enlarged units summed to produce maximal compound action potentials and twitches that were sometimes indistinguishable from normal. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the cervical spine obtained from some patients provided independent evidence that patients with low motor unit counts had sustained direct injury to the anterior aspect of the spinal cord at the relevant segmental levels. Some patients showed a normal number of motor units long after the injury. No evidence of transneuronal degeneration could be demonstrated in the thenar group in these patients with the current techniques.
Coinjection with TLR2 Agonist Pam3CSK4 Reduces the Pathology of Leishmanization in Mice (2015)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major is an emergent, uncontrolled public health problem and there is no vaccine. A promising prophylactic approach has been immunotherapy with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists to enhance parasite-specific immune responses. We have previously reported that vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with live L. major plus the TLR9 agonist CpG DNA prevents lesion development and confers immunity to reinfection. Our current study aims to investigate whether other TLR agonists can be used in leishmanization without induction of lesion formation. We found that live L. major plus the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 reduced the pathology in both genetically resistant (C57BL/6) and susceptible (BALB/c) mouse strains. The addition of Pam3CSK4 activated dermal dendritic cells and macrophages to produce greater amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in both mouse strains. Both Th1 and Th17 responses were enhanced by leishmanization with L. major plus Pam3CSK4 in C57BL/6 mice; however, Th17 cells were unchanged in BALB/c mice. The production of IL-17 from neutrophils was enhanced in both strains infected with L. major plus Pam3CSK4. However, the sustained influx of neutrophils in sites of infection was only observed in BALB/c mice. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism behind leishmanization with TLR agonists may be very different depending upon the immunological background of the host. This needs to be taken into account for the rational development of successful vaccines against the disease.
Dynamical models with stellar evolution and binaries (2002)

The recent availability of the powerful GRAPE-6 hardware designed specifically to tackle the gravitational N-body problem, has coincided with the production of realistic N-body software that includes a detailed treatment of stellar and binary evolution.
A Metric for Sentence Ordering Assessment Based on Topic-Comment Structure (2017)

Sentence ordering (SO) is a key component of verbal ability. It is also crucial for automatic text generation. While numerous researchers developed various methods to automatically evaluate the informativeness of the produced contents, the evaluation of readability is usually performed manually. In contrast to that, we present a self-sufficient metric for SO assessment based on text topic-comment structure. We show that this metric has high accuracy.
Dynamic steering control of conventionally-steered mobile robots (2002)

An algorithm is presented for dynamically steering an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) along a collision-free path to a goal using local feedback information. A two-level navigation algorithm is presented in which a subgoal selection algorithm (SSA) generates visible subgoals to be pursued by the steering control algorithm (SCA). The authors focus on the SCA. In particular, a general feedback scheme is developed for dynamically steering an ARM to a visible goal in the local obstacle-free space identified by the SSA. The detailed implementation of the SCA for a conventionally steered AMR (CAMR) is presented. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined SSA-SCA feedback scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current-Mode CMOS Imaging Sensor With Velocity Saturation Mode of Operation and Feedback Mechanism (2013)

We present a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensor containing two novelties in the field of current mode sensing. First, the in-pixel read-out transistor operates in velocity saturation mode and allows for high linearity between integrated photo charges and output current of the pixel. Second, the column parallel read-out circuitry includes a novel current conveyor with a feedback mechanism, which improves linearity of the output current and leads to improvements in fixed pattern noise. Correlated double sampling, a noise reduction technique, is performed on-chip via current mode circuits to improve spatial noise characteristics of the imager. A prototype of the proposed imaging sensor was fabricated in 0.18 μm triple well CMOS process. The sensor operation and measurements are presented.
Analysis of Reproduced Waveform in Phase-Change Single-Beam Overwrite (1989)

Reproduced wave forms for the mark-center-detection and the mark-edge-detection recording methods are analysed for a phase-change optical disk with a Ge–Sb–Te–Co recording film which certifies a high C/N and single-beam overwrites of more than 10 5 times. The result showing that the disk has high-density recording capability. Signal demodulation for the mark-edge-detection recording method is possible at a small error-generation probability when the recording laser power is in the range of 60% to 140% of the most preferable power level and the erase ratio is greater than 25 dB.
Session V - Field Theory [breaker page] (1983)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings record.
Behavioral Correlates of 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats: Progressive Operant Discrimination Learning Reduces Frequency Modulation and Increases Overall Amplitude (2014)

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats are thought to contain ecological signals reflecting emotional states. These USVs are centered on 50-kHz, and frequency modulation (FM) is hypothesized to indicate positive emotion; however, results from recent studies are inconsistent with this hypothesis. We suspected that such inconsistencies might result from ambiguity in defining frequency modulation, and problems with acoustic analyses and behavioral protocols. We addressed these problems by applying quantitative methods for USV analyses and using a food reward operant paradigm. Our results revealed that frequency modulation varied according to the degree of positive outcomes, but the direction of change was opposite to what had been observed in previous studies. The FM in 50-kHz USVs decreased as animals learned the task and obtained more reinforcement, while USV amplitude increased as learning progressed. To reconcile these results with those from prior studies, we suggest that FM in 50-kHz USVs should be taken as an index of reward prediction errors, and USV amplitude should be considered as an index of positive emotion.
Boundary control for nonlinear parabolic PDEs by Volterra feedback linearization (2007)

Boundary control of nonlinear parabolic PDEs is an open problem with applications that include fluids, thermal, chemically-reacting, and plasma systems. In this paper we present stabilizing control designs for a broad class of nonlinear parabolic PDEs in 1-D. Our approach is a direct infinite dimensional extension of the finite-dimensional feedback linearization/backstepping approaches and employs spatial Volterra series nonlinear operators both in the transformation to a stable linear PDE and in the feedback law. The control law design consists of solving a recursive sequence of linear hyperbolyc PDEs for the gain kernels of the spatial Volterra nonlinear control operator. These PDEs evolve on domains T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> of increasing dimensions n+1 and with a domain shape in the form of a “hyper-pyramid,” 0 ≤ ξ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> ≤ ξ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n-1</sub> ... ≤ ξ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ≤ x ≤ 1. We illustrate our design method and the class of tractable nonlinear plants with several examples. One of the examples is analytical, while in the remaining two examples the controller is numerically approximated. For all the examples we include simulations, showing kernel computations, plant blow up in open loop, and stabilization for large initial conditions in closed loop.
Visualization of Golgi complexes and spermatogonial cohorts of viable, intact seminiferous tubules. (1993)

Golgi complexes of cells within the intact, viable seminiferous tubule were examined by light microscopy using the vital Golgi stain C6-NBD-ceramide. This staining technique provided a quick and simple method to visualize all Golgi complexes of cells within the seminiferous tubule that are directly accessible to the basal compartment. Thus, peritubular, spermatogonial, and Sertoli cell Golgi complexes were visualized. Peritubular cells contained simple Golgi complexes which did not change with the stage of the seminiferous epithelium. Both solitary spermatogonial Golgi complexes which varied in size and number with the stage of the seminiferous epithelium and cohorts of spermatogonia connected by intercellular bridges were easily visualized. The Golgi complexes of Sertoli cells were located in the basal, perinuclear cytoplasm except in Stages VII-VIII, when they extended towards the lumen. Exposure of isolated seminiferous tubules to the fungal metabolite brefeldin A caused the Sertoli cell Golgi complex staining pattern to become diffuse or to co-localize with heads of elongate spermatids. The Golgi complexes of the peritubular cells and spermatogonia were resistant to brefeldin A. The C6-NBD-ceramide vital staining method should be useful for studying stage-dependent Sertoli cell Golgi complex movement and spermatogonial maturation.
Use of Human Growth Hormone Combined with Nutritional Support in a Critical Care Unit (1990)

The administration of growth factors may potentially accelerate recovery during critical illness by reducing body protein catabolism, enhancing wound healing, and improving skeletal muscle function. The purpose of this phase 1 study was to evaluate the safety and initial efficacy of a recombinant growth factor, human growth hormone (GH), combined with nutritional support in a critical care unit. Following an initial control week, 11 individuals received GH (10 mg/day) daily for 1-6 consecutive weeks. Near constant nutrient intake was provided via parenteral and/or enteral feedings throughout the study period. Vital signs and other clinical parameters, blood values, and nutrient excretion were monitored daily. GH administration was not associated with clinically significant adverse effects. During the first 2 weeks of study, nitrogen excretion decreased from 1356 +/- 157 mmol/day (19.0 +/- 2.2 g/day) during control to 899 +/- 107 mmol/day (12.6 +/- 1.4 g/day) with growth hormone (p less than 0.002) in association with markedly reduced urea generation. Significant reductions in potassium excretion (control 100 +/- 11 mmol/day vs 69 +/- 6 with GH; p less than 0.01) and phosphorus excretion (31 +/- 5 mmol/day vs 18 +/- 3; p less than 0.025) also occurred during GH. The protein-conserving effects of GH were sustained during several weeks of treatment. Growth hormone enhanced the efficiency of administered protein and facilitated nitrogen retention without clinically significant adverse effects in this small patient group. Controlled trials are indicated to determine whether use of this anabolic hormone reduces hospitalization time and improves other clinical outcomes in severely injured patients when combined with appropriate nutritional support.
Radio-Frequency-Based Urea Dosing Control for Diesel Engines with Ammonia SCR Catalysts (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The radio-frequency (RF) or microwave-based catalyst state determination offers the opportunity to operate an automotive catalyst at its optimal point. This has already been proven for the oxidation state of TWCs, the soot loading state on DPFs/GPFs, and the ammonia storage state of vanadium and zeolite based SCR catalysts. However, the latter has only been demonstrated in laboratory scale with synthetic exhaust using gaseous ammonia.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This work presents first results on an engine test bench with a serial-type zeolite-based SCR catalyst, using urea solution and the RF tool to detect the current ammonia loading in real time and to control directly the urea dosing system without any additional sensors. The original catalyst volume was reduced by 50 % to operate deliberately the SCR system under high space velocities and to challenge its function. Stationary conditions and operation points with continuously changing NO<sub>x</sub> emissions and space velocities were observed. In all tests, high NO<sub>x</sub> conversion was achieved and the ammonia loading could be detected reproducibly in all states by the RF tool. Furthermore, the RF tool was successfully used with closed-loop control of the urea dosing as a two-point control with and without hysteresis. By varying the controlled ammonia storage window, the operation borders of too high or too low ammonia storage were investigated, and the ideal storage value was found. The performed experiments demonstrate that direct operation on a specific ammonia loading can ensure both maximum NO<sub>x</sub> conversion and avoid ammonia slip, even with space velocities over 180,000 h<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, the control strategy using the RF tool might allow a catalyst volume reduction.</div></div>
Low kV rotational 3D x-ray imaging for improved CNR of iodine contrast agent (2012)

The contrast of iodine to soft tissue (water) decreases with higher tube voltage in reconstructed 3D X-ray images. Improved acquisition protocols with a tube voltage of about 80 kV for imaging iodine have been proposed earlier for diagnostic CT imaging. We investigate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the CNR-to-dose ratio (CDR) for different concentrations of iodinated contrast agent inserts in water background. The tube voltage of the protocol is lowered from 123 kV to 83 kV in 10 kV steps. Measurements with 16 different settings of tube voltage, current and Copper (Cu) filter settings are investigated. The weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIW) for the new protocol settings is measured. Four protocols with tube voltages between 83 kV and 103 kV and similar X-ray dose are compared to the original protocol. An iodine-water contrast phantom, containing a water filled cylinder with 5 tubes of different mixtures of iodine contrast agent inside a 32 cm PMMA ring, is imaged with each protocol. Increased contrast of the iodine filled tubes to the water background is clearly visible in the reconstructed volumes for lower tube voltage and less copper filtering. The CNR increased by about 100% for the 83 kV protocols compared to 123 kV and the dose utility in terms of the CDR even by 350%. The best results are obtained with the (83 kV, 561 mA, 0.4 mm Cu) - protocol. This protocol may improve iodine contrast agent visibility in various 3D imaging applications. For large patients a higher tube voltage, e.g. the (103 kV, 325 mA, 0.4 mm Cu) - protocol, may be used to avoid tube power limitations at 83 kV. This protocol still has improved iodine contrast compared to the 123 kV protocol and a larger tube power reserve.
An Assessment of the Location of As-Grown Electron Traps in$hboxHfO_2$/HfSiO Stacks (2006)

Replacing SiON by high-kappa layers is a pressing issue for CMOS technologies. The presence of as-grown electron traps in HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is a major obstacle, since they can induce threshold-voltage instability, reduce electron mobility, and result in early breakdown. Their location has not been clarified and is addressed in this letter. By selecting test conditions carefully and using samples with a progressive reduction of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thickness, the authors are able to rule out that traps are piled up near the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HfSiO interface. A uniform distribution throughout HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> does not agree with the test data, either. Results support that trapping is negligible near to one or both ends of the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer when compared with trapping in the central region
Modulation of the phase and polarization of modes in a few-mode fiber waveguide subjected to axial deformation (1989)

An investigation was made of modulation of the phase and polarization of modes in a few-mode fiber waveguide subjected to axial deformation. The simplest and most convenient (for analysis) controlled interference pattern was obtained on addition, at the exit from a waveguide, of the fields of two modes of different order or of components of two orthogonally polarized waves of the same mode when an additional phase shift between these waves was induced by deformation. The two investigated schemes were suitable for the construction of simple and highly sensitive sensors capable of detecting small strains with characteristics which could be varied by suitable selection of the waveguide parameters and of the signal processing method.
Mechanical properties of interfaces of dissimilar materials fabricated by spark plasma sintering (2018)

Much attention has been paid to composites made of biocompatible ceramics and metals in medical field because the composites are expected to exhibit high biocompatibility and mechanical performance. The properties of an interface made of these ceramics and metals should be investigate to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, we fabricated square pillar-shaped specimens with a macroscopic interface made of the combinations of SUS316L, pure titanium, alumina, and partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) by spark plasma sintering. Then, their strength and fracture toughness were evaluated by bending test and indentation test. Note that no specimen with the interface made of aluminaPSZ and SUS316L-PSZ could be fabricated due to some flaws which occurred during sintering. As for the influence of material combination on bending strength, the bending strength of SUS316L-Ti was the highest. Similarly, the fracture toughness of SUS316L-Ti was also the highest. However, the fracture toughness of SUS316L-Ti was around 8 MPa √m , and that was much lower than that of monolithic SUS316L and Ti.
Validating Coordination Schemes between Transmission and Distribution System Operators using a Laboratory-Based Approach (2019)

The secure operation of future power systems will rely on better coordination between transmission system and distribution system operators. Increasing integration of renewables throughout the whole system is challenging the traditional operation. To tackle this problem, the SmartNet project proposes and evaluates five different coordination schemes between system operators using three benchmark scenarios from Denmark, Italy, and Spain. In the project, field tests in each of the benchmark countries are complemented with a number of laboratory validation tests, to cover scenarios that cannot be tested in field trials. This paper presents the outcome of these laboratory tests. Three tests are shown, focusing on controller validation, analysis of communication impacts, and how well price-based controls can integrate with the SmartNet coordination schemes. The results demonstrate important indications for the field tests and also show some of the limitations with the current implementations of the coordinations schemes.
Targeting disease through novel pathways of apoptosis and autophagy (2012)

The CCN family member WISP1 and its intimate relationship with canonical and non-canonical wingless signaling pathways of PI3K, Akt1, β-catenin and mTOR offer an exciting approach for governing the pathways of apoptosis and autophagy especially in clinical disorders that are currently without effective treatments. Future studies that can elucidate the intricate role of these cytoprotective pathways during apoptosis and autophagy can further the successful translation and development of these cellular targets into robust and safe clinical therapeutic strategies.
Is myosin a "back door" enzyme? (1995)

ATP has been modeled into the active site of chicken skeletal myosin subfragment-1 using the adenylate kinase.Ap5A structure as a starting reference. The resulting docked ATP.S1 structure is justified in that it rationalizes the photolabeling data from several ATP analogs. The gamma-phosphate of ATP sits at the bottom of the active site pocket and is partially visible via a view along the prominent 50-kDa cleft of S1 but not when viewed from above the active site. It is postulated that actin binding promotes the movement of the P-loop and Arg-245 to allow Pi from ATP to leave via a "back-door" in the 50-kDa fragment while ADP is still bound at the active site. Such a mechanism can explain a number of experimental observations, including the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis, the nucleotide dependence of Pi exchange into ATP, and the formation of stable myosin.ADP.vanadate complexes in muscle fibers.