gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrin-dependent activation of MAP kinase: a link to shape-dependent cell proliferation. (1995)

Adhesion to extracellular matrix mediates cell cycle progression in mid-late G1; this effect involves an integrin-dependent organization of the cytoskeleton and a consequent change in cell shape. In an effort to identify potential signal-transducing agents that are associated with integrin-dependent shape changes, we looked for kinase activities that were stimulated by long-term adhesion of G0-synchronized NIH-3T3 cells to fibronectin-coated dishes. Several kinase activities were stimulated by this procedure, two of which migrated at 42 and 44 kDa and phosphorylated myelin basic protein in vitro. Blotting with anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase antibodies identified these enzymes as ERK 1 and ERK 2. In contrast to the rapid and transient activation of these MAP kinases by platelet-derived growth factor, stimulation of MAP kinase activity by fibronectin was gradual, persistent, and associated with cell spreading rather than cell attachment itself. Cytochalasin D blocked the activation of MAP kinase activity that was induced by the binding of cells to fibronectin. Moreover, MAP kinase was also activated by adhesion of cells to vitronectin and type IV collagen; these effects were also associated with cell spreading. These results distinguish the regulation of G1 phase MAP kinase activity by soluble mitogens and extracellular matrix. They also implicate MAP kinase in shape-dependent cell cycle progression.
Lighting and optical tools for image forensics. (2007)

We present new forensic tools that are capable of detecting traces of tampering in digital images without the use of watermarks or specialized hardware. These tools operate under the assumption that images contain natural properties from a variety of sources, including the world, the lens, and the sensor. These properties may be disturbed by digital tampering and by measuring them we can expose the forgery. In this context, we present the following forensic tools: (1) illuminant direction, (2) specularity, (3) lighting environment, and (4) chromatic aberration. The common theme of these tools is that they exploit lighting or optical properties of images. Although each tool is not applicable to every image, they add to a growing set of image forensic tools that together will complicate the process of making a convincing forgery.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> study on the effect of autogenous cancellous bone and intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate on allograft construct strength (1998)

An in vitro study was performed to compare the effects of augmenting interlocking nails of one of two diameters (5 or 6 mm) with intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate. Subsequently, an in vivo study was performed to compare the effects of augmenting the interlocking nail with five combinations of intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate and autogenous cancellous bone applied to the periosteal surface or within the medullary canal. Dogs were killed 6 months after the procedure for biomechanical evaluation of the femora in axial compression, mediolateral and craniocaudal bending, and torsion. Results from the in vitro study at the proximal osteotomy indicated the 6-mm interlocking nail with intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate had greater stiffness than the 5-mm interlocking nail without it (p < 0.05). At the distal osteotomy, regardless of the diameter of the interlocking nail, the addition of intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate increased stiffness (p < 0.05). Results from the in vivo study indicated greater global construct stiffness with an interlocking nail alone, an interlocking nail augmented with intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate and cancellous bone at the periosteal surface, and an interlocking nail augmented with cancellous bone within the medullary canal and at the periosteal surface (p < 0.05). At the osteotomy level, the interlocking nail augmented with intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate and cancellous bone at the periosteal surface had greater stiffness than did an interlocking nail alone or an interlocking nail augmented with either intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate, cancellous bone within the medullary canal, or cancellous bone at the periosteal surface (p < 0.05) but produced the same results as an interlocking nail augmented with cancellous bone within the medullary canal and at the periosteal surface. The results suggest that augmenting interlocking nail fixation with intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate by itself offers no advantage but that a combination of intramedullary polymethylmethacrylate and cancellous bone at the periosteal surface improves structural properties at 6 months.
CONSTRAINING THE SCATTER IN THE MASS-RICHNESS RELATION OF maxBCG CLUSTERS WITH WEAK LENSING AND X-RAY DATA (2009)

We measure the logarithmic scatter in mass at fixed richness for clusters in the maxBCG cluster catalog, an optically selected cluster sample drawn from Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data. Our measurement is achieved by demanding consistency between available weak-lensing and X-ray measurements of the maxBCG clusters, and the X-ray luminosity-mass relation inferred from the 400 days X-ray cluster survey, a flux-limited X-ray cluster survey. We find σ_{lnM|N_{200}}=0.45^{+0.20}_{-0.18} (95% CL) at N_200 ≈ 40, where N_200 is the number of red sequence galaxies in a cluster. As a byproduct of our analysis, we also obtain a constraint on the correlation coefficient between ln L_X and ln M at fixed richness, which is best expressed as a lower limit, r_ L,M|N ≥ 0.85(95% CL). This is the first observational constraint placed on a correlation coefficient involving two different cluster mass tracers. We use our results to produce a state-of-the-art estimate of the halo mass function at z = 0.23—the median redshift of the maxBCG cluster sample—and find that it is consistent with the WMAP5 cosmology. Both the mass function data and its covariance matrix are presented.
Microbial Glycobiology: Structures, Relevance and Applications (2009)

This book presents in an easy-to-read format a summary of the important central aspects of microbial glycobiology, i.e. the study of carbohydrates as related to the biology of microorganisms. Microbial glycobiology represents a multidisciplinary and emerging area with implications for a range of basic and applied research fields, as well as having industrial, medical and biotechnological implications. Individual chapters provided by leading international scientists in the field yield insightful, concise and stimulating reviews. The book provides researchers with an overview and synthesis of the latest research. Each chapter begins with a brief 200 word Summary/Abstract detailing the topic and focus of the chapter, as well as the concepts to be addressed. It allows researchers to see at a glance what each chapter will cover. Each chapter includes a Research Focus Box and identifies important problems that still need to be solved and areas that require further investigation.
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency After Adenoidectomy (1972)

In cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency which meet optimal criteria for a successful result, pharyngoplasty is usually successful. A procedure which can be performed conveniently by otolaryngologists was used in two cases.
Sampling Jitter mitigation in latency-critical state-estimation applications using particle filters (2017)

State estimation algorithms, such as the Kalman filter, are applied for conditioning and sensor fusion in digital control loops. It is desirable that these algorithms can be executed on embedded multiprocessor systems. However this results in large worst-case execution times with a consequence that a large sampling period must selected, which degrades the estimation and control performance. In this paper, we propose a free-running state-estimation approach in which the next sample is taken as soon as the current iteration completes. The approach utilizes the particle filter algorithm to mitigate the effects of sampling jitter, introduced by the variation in the execution times of tasks. As a result of the reduced interval between subsequent sampling moments the estimation accuracy is improved. The delay introduced by the estimator in a control loop is reduced by enabling execution of the prediction step in parallel with other control tasks. We compare simulation results obtained for our approach with a Kalman filter based approach, by estimating the state of a DC motor. These results show that our approach minimizes the estimation error, as a result of sampling jitter, by up to a factor of 10. Additionally we show that the approach does not require precise knowledge of the distribution of the execution times of the tasks.
Automatic Characterization of Flamenco Singing by Analyzing Audio Recordings (2013)

Flamenco singing is a highly expressive improvisational artform characterized by its deviation from the Western tonal system, freedom in rhythmic interpretation and a high amount of melodic ornamentation. Consequently, a singing performance represents a fusion of style-related constraints and the individual spontaneous interpretation. This study focuses on the description of the characteristics of a particular singer. In order to find suitable feature sets, a genre-specific automatic singer identification is implemented. For Western classical and popular music, related approaches have mainly relied on the extraction of timbre-based features to automatically recognize a singer by analyzing audio recordings. However, a classification solely based on spectral descriptors is prone to errors for low quality audio recordings. In order to obtain a more robust approach, low-level timbre features are combined with vibrato- and performance-related descriptors. Furthermore, differences among interpretations within a style are analyzed: Versions of the same a cappella cante have a common melodic skeleton which is subject to strong, individually determined melodic and rhythmic modifications. Similarity among such performances is modeled by applying dynamic time-warping to align automatic transcriptions and extracting performance-related descriptors. Resulting distances are evaluated by analyzing their correlation to human ratings.
Use of three-dimensional field simulators in the synthesis of waveguide round rod bandpass filters (1998)

This paper presents the generalized bandpass filter design method of Levy and Rhodes based on three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic analysis and discontinuity modeling using commercial software. It shows how to use Levy and Rhodes's famous method for very accurate theoretical designs of waveguide post filters, using modern 3D solvers based on the finite element method, the mode matching method, and the transmission line matrix analysis method. This is the first time that design curves and equations are being presented for constant diameter single and double round rod filters by full electromagnetic modeling. The approach is demonstrated with designs for a number of waveguide round rod filters. This paper also demonstrates the generality of the method. This method can be applied to many other types of coupled resonator waveguide band pass filters. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 8: 484–497, 1998
SEARCH FOR REGULATORY MOTIFS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER GENOME (2004)

Summary Motivation: The major challenge in understanding genomic sequences is to reveal how spatiotemporal information on gene expression is encoded in the genome. Identification of regions on the genome that contain regulatory information is the first stage of this process. It is widely accepted that comparative sequence data can help in location of these regions in higher eucaryotic genomes. The inter-species comparison allows us to identify highly conserved regions on the genome that can contain clusters of binding sites for multiple transcription factors. Results: With published genomic sequences for Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura, we identified conserved regions on the genome that contain putative transcription factor binding sites. For the clusters of co-expressed genes found via microarray data analysis, we ran searches for statistically over-represented motifs in the corresponding groups of noncoding conserved sequences. These searches were carried out with SPEXS, which enumerates and scores all shared motifs in the sequences of unrestricted length. Availability: Sequence motif data is available from the authors.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBER DIE ANLAGERUNG VON PEPTIDEN AN CHLORMETHYLIERTE COPOLYMERE DES STYROLS MIT DIVINYLBENZOL (1972)

Abstract Zur Anlagerung der Peptide (I) und (II) an den genannten Träger arbeitet man in Dimethylformamid bei 40°C in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin (l Mol Triäthylamin auf 1 Mol Peptid) und mit NaJ als Katalysator.
SE ER RVI ICE PUR RC CHA ASI IN NG I IN E EL LE EC CTRI ICIT TY Y DIS STRI IBU UTIO ON N NETWOR RK S SE EC CTOR R (2009)

This paper focuses on process of service purchasing in the electricity distribution network sector in Finland. In particular, the emphasis is on the initial stage of the process, and its significance to the success of using the service option. The results presented in the paper are based on analyzing requisites for achieving satisfactory outcomes when purchasing network-related operations as services instead of doing them in-house.
A kinetic model of CO2 corrosion in the confined environment of flexible pipe annulus (2007)

International audience
A modeling framework for facility location of medical services for large-scale emergencies (2006)

Research on facility location is abundant. However, this research does not typically address the particular conditions that arise when locating facilities to service large-scale emergencies, such as earthquakes, terrorist attacks, etc. In this work we first survey general facility location problems and identify models used to address common emergency situations, such as house fires and regular health care needs. We then analyze the characteristics of large-scale emergencies and propose a general facility location model that is suited for large-scale emergencies. This general facility location model can be cast as a covering model, a P-median model or a P-center model, each suited for different needs in a large-scale emergency. Illustrative examples are given to show how the proposed model can be used to optimize the locations of facilities for medical supplies to address large-scale emergencies in the Los Angeles area. Furthermore, comparison of the solutions obtained by respectively using the proposed model and the traditional model is given to show the benefits of the proposed model in reducing loss of life and economic losses.
Selective Epitaxial Growth for Buried Microchannels in Monocrystalline Silicon (2005)

A simple and single-step technique is presented for the formation of buried channels in monocrystalline silicon wafers. The channels are formed by surface migration of silicon during the selective epitaxial growth of monocrystalline silicon. Various buried-channel shapes and sizes from 1 to 30 µm were formed. This technique is compatible with semiconductor industry processes and allows postprocessing for the integration of microelectronics circuits. The applications targeting heat pipes for integrated circuits or microfluidic channels for microsystems are numerous and promising.
The footprint of the ageing stroma in older patients with breast cancer (2017)

We provide the first evidence in humans that older age at diagnosis is associated with a different stromal micro-environment in breast cancers. The SASP and the presence of autophagy appear to be important age-induced stromal features.
Determination of valence of Cu in superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(Sr,Ba<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

The measurement of Cu K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent copper oxides has been used to identify the presence of different valence of copper in the ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$(Sr,Ba${)}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ (x=0.0--0.3) system. The results indicate the coexistence of Cu ii and Cu iii states in these compounds. Theoretical calculations based on a cluster of ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$${\mathrm{La}}_{8}$LaSr predict the presence of nearly degenerate electronic ground states representing nominally Cu ii and Cu iii configurations.
Developmental Factors in the Contractile Response of Rabbit Urinary Bladder: Effect of Anoxia and Extracellular Acidosis (1995)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the mechanism of excitation contraction coupling changes with normal development in rabbit urinary bladder smooth muscle. The present study was designed to determine whether there were any differences in the effects of anoxia and extracellular acidosis in response to field stimulation, bethanechol and KCl between mature (8 weeks) and neonatal (3 days) rabbit bladder smooth muscle. Bladder smooth muscle strips from mature and neonatal New Zealand White rabbits were mounted in organ baths and bathed in oxygenated Tyrode's solution. Anoxia was produced by changing the gas mixture to 95% nitrogen/5% CO2 and the effects on contractility were determined at different times after initiation of anoxia. The extracellular acidosis was produced by decreasing the buffer's NaHCO3 concentration. We conclude that bladder smooth muscle does not exhibit an age-specific ability to counteract the effects of anoxia or acidosis as is seen in the developing rabbit myocardium. Instead it appears that the purinergic mechanisms of contraction are much more sensitive to the effects of anoxia or acidosis. Neonatal bladder smooth muscle exhibits a greater drop in contractility with anoxia or acidosis at low frequency (2 Hz) field stimulation; we attribute this to the fact that neonatal bladder smooth muscle has a greater purinergic component in its response to field stimulation. These differences in the responses to anoxia and pH reflect alternate mechanisms of pharmacologic activation, and not inherent differences in the biochemistry of the maturing smooth muscle.
Proton overhauser enhancements in human cardiac phosphorus NMR spectroscopy at 1.5 T (1992)

Narrowband irradiation of water protons with a surface coil yields significant nuclear Overhauser enhancement (nOe) of phosphocreatine (PCr) and some adenosine triphosphate (ATP) moieties in localized and unlocalized phosphorus (31P) NMR spectra from chest and heart muscle. In seven normal subjects at 1.5 T the nOe values were 0.6 +/- 0.3, 0.6 +/- 0.3, 0 +/- 0.3, and 0.3 +/- 0.2 for myocardial PCr, gamma-ATP, alpha-ATP, and beta-ATP, respectively, not significantly different from those in chest muscle. Distortion of the measured PCr/ATP ratios due to differences in the nOe may require accurate correction to realize the full benefit of the effect in studies involving quantitative intergroup comparisons.
Changes in Concentration of Free and Total Amino Acids of Several Native American Grape Cultivars During Fermentation (1978)

Changes in the concentrations of free and total amino acids of several commercial <i>Vitis labruscana</i> musts during fermentation were examined by automated ion-exchange analysis. Except for proline, lysine, and glycine, there was a dramatic reduction in free amino acid content by the sixth day after yeast inoculation. At the end of the fermentation the concentration of the free amino acids had increased through yeast cellular autolysis but were still only between 2 and 30% of the initial must values. Proline was apparently not utilized by the yeast during fermentation. Except for proline, which averaged 16.4 mg/100 ml wine, all the free amino acids were less than 3 mg/100 ml in the final wine samples. Small amounts of β-alanine, ornithine, and citrulline were found, and cystathionine was detected at the end of the fermentations. Total amino acid concentrations determined from hydrolyzed wine samples showed trends similar to those of the free amino acids during fermentation. Next to proline, the most abundant of the total amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and glycine. In contrast to proline, which existed mostly in the free form, those four amino acids were present primarily in protein and polypeptide form. Levels of protein and total nitrogen decreased initially and then increased during the later stages of the fermentation. An average of 26.1% of the total nitrogen in the wine at the end of fermentation was due to free amino acid nitrogen. Ammonia, apparently readily utilized by the yeast, decreased rapidly during fermentation. The patterns of change in amino acid composition observed during fermentation were similar to those found with vinifera varieties. The differences were primarily quantitative.
The Co-Occurrence of Chronic Low Back Pain and Headache (1988)

The co-occurrence of chronic low back pain and headache was examined in a sample of 227 patients referred to a multidisciplinary pain treatment program. Over 60% of the patients who reported chronic low back pain also reported concomitant headache, although only 24.8% of these patients reported a history of headache prior to the onset of low back pain. Discriminant analysis performed on a random half of the subject sample (n = 119) indicated that chronic low back pain patients with concominant headache dif- fered significantly from pain patients without headache on Minnesota Multi- phasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), and overall impairment as measured by the Sickness Im- pact Profile. Twenty percent of the variance in the discriminant scores was attributable to the difference between groups. Approximately 65% of the cases were classified correctly based upon the discriminant function scores, which was replicated on the remaining subsample of patients (n = 108). There was no significant difference in behavioral pain treatment outcome between patients with vs. without headache.
Safety and Efficacy of Siponimod (BAF312) in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01185821.
Reversible alignment change of liquid crystals induced by photochromic molecular films: Properties of azobenzene chromophores covalently attached to silica surfaces (1995)

Abstract In connection with the mechanism of reversible alignment change of nematic liquid crystals induced by photoisomerizable azobenzene molecules attached to a quartz surface, a static contact angle measurement was carried out for azo-modified plates before and after UV irradiation. The results were not in line with the so-called Friedel-Creagh-Kmetz rule which claims that the alignment is governed by a mutual relationship between a substrate surface energy and surface tension of a liquid crystal. On the other hand, electronic absorption spectra of the plate demonstrated that the ratio of an absorbance at around 340 nm to that at around 240 nm of the azo-chromophore on the surface is reduced by wetting the surface with a UV-transparent nematic liquid crystal. This reflects that the surface azobenzene units are induced to stand approximately perpendicular to the surface upon contact with the liquid crystal. Further discussion is made concerning the photo-induced homogeneous alignment triggered by a rubbed and azo-modified quartz plate determined by polarized absorption spectroscopy.