gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical α‐MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowires@Ni<sub>1‐x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> Nanoflakes Core–Shell Nanostructures for Supercapacitors (2014)

A facile two-step solution-phase method has been developed for the preparation of hierarchical α-MnO2 nanowires@Ni1-x Mnx Oy nanoflakes core-shell nanostructures. Ultralong α-MnO2 nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method in the first step. Subsequently, Ni1-x Mnx Oy nanoflakes were grown on α-MnO2 nanowires to form core-shell nanostructures using chemical bath deposition followed by thermal annealing. Both solution-phase methods can be easily scaled up for mass production. We have evaluated their application in supercapacitors. The ultralong one-dimensional (1D) α-MnO2 nanowires in hierarchical core-shell nanostructures offer a stable and efficient backbone for charge transport; while the two-dimensional (2D) Ni1-x Mnx Oy nanoflakes on α-MnO2 nanowires provide high accessible surface to ions in the electrolyte. These beneficial features enable the electrode with high capacitance and reliable stability. The capacitance of the core-shell α-MnO2 @Ni1-x Mnx Oy nanostructures (x = 0.75) is as high as 657 F g(-1) at a current density of 250 mA g(-1) , and stable charging-discharging cycling over 1000 times at a current density of 2000 mA g(-1) has been realized.
Can Single-Loop Detectors Do the Work of Dual-Loop Detectors? (2003)

Real-time speed and vehicle-classification data are important inputs for modern freeway traffic control and management systems. However, these data are not directly measurable by single-loop detectors. Although dual-loop detectors provide speeds and classified vehicle volumes, there are too few of them on our current freeway systems to meet the practical ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management System) needs, and the cost of upgrading from a single-loop detector to a dual-loop detector is high. This makes it extremely desirable to develop appropriate algorithms to make single-loop detectors capable of performing the tasks of double loops. This paper presents just such an algorithm, i.e., one that uses single-loop measurements to provide accurate speed and vehicle-classification estimates. There are three steps in the algorithm: (1) to separate intervals with long vehicles (LVs) from those without; (2) to use measurements of intervals without LVs for speed estimation; and (3) to identify LV volumes for the intervals with LVs using the estimated speed. Preliminary tests for both spatial transferability and temporal transferability of the algorithm were performed, and the results were encouraging.
Perceptually optimal compression for heterogeneous image content in the context of medical networked applications (2009)

In medical networked applications, the server-generated application view, consisting of medical image content and synthetic text/GUI elements, must be compressed and transmitted to the client. To adapt to the local content characteristics, the application view is divided into rectangular patches, which are classified into content classes: medical image patches, synthetic image patches consisting of text on a uniform/natural/medical image background and synthetic image patches consisting of GUI elements on a uniform/natural/medical image background. Each patch is thereafter compressed using a technique yielding perceptually optimal performance for the identified content class. The goal of this paper is to identify this optimal technique, given a set of candidate schemes. For this purpose, a simulation framework is used which simulates different types of compression and measures the perceived differences between the compressed and original images, taking into account the display characteristics. In a first experiment, JPEG is used to code all patches and the optimal chroma subsampling and quantization parameters are derived for different content classes. The results show that 4:4:4 chroma subsampling is the best choice, regardless of the content type. Furthermore, frequency dependant quantization yields better compression performance than uniform quantization, except for content containing a significant number of very sharp edges. In a second experiment, each patch can be coded using JPEG, JPEG XR or JPEG 2000. On average, JPEG 2000 outperforms JPEG and JPEG XR for most medical images and for patches containing text. However, for histopathology or tissue patches and for patches containing GUI elements, classical JPEG compression outperforms the other two techniques.
URINARY EXCRETION OF 3-METHYLHISTIDINE (3MH), HYDROXYLYSINE (OHL) AND DESMOSINE (DES) AFTER ONE HOUR OP RUNNING (R) ON 0% OR ???10% INCLINE (1986)

HPE Dept., The University of Texas at Tyler, and Biochemistry Dept., The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75701
Ball milling: a green mechanochemical approach for synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon nanoparticles (2013)

Technological and scientific challenges coupled with environmental considerations have attracted a search for robust, green and energy-efficient synthesis and processing routes for advanced functional nanomaterials. In this article, we demonstrate a high-energy ball milling technique for large-scale synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon nanoparticles, which can be used as an electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions after a structural refinement with controlled thermal annealing. The resulting carbon nanoparticles exhibited competitive catalytic activity (5.2 mA cm(-2) kinetic-limiting current density compared with 7.6 mA cm(-2) on Pt/C reference) and excellent methanol tolerance compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The proposed synthesis route by ball milling and annealing is an effective process for carbon nanoparticle production and efficient nitrogen doping, providing a large-scale production method for the development of highly efficient and practical electrocatalysts.
Investigation of a selective switching device using a phase-change material for a 3-dimensional PCRAM array (2013)

A selective switching device utilizing a phase-change material was investigated. In this work, we present a new concept to realize serially a selective switching and memory operation in a multiple phase-change memory with only phase-change materials without any semiconductor switching device. A phase-change material for selective switching can be expected to have a higher resistance amorphous phase and to show lower melting and crystallization temperatures than a phase-change material for a memory. Here, we present a structural method to obtain the above requirements. In addition, we confirm the switching operation by a selective current pulse for multiple phase-change materials from the experiment. From these results, we expected that one of the multiple phasechange materials can be replaced in a switching device without the need for an additional selective device, and that such a device would be feasible for 3-dimensional PCM architecture.
Protective effect of geranylgeranylacetone on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice (2006)

Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) has recently been reported to have a protective effect against ischemic, injurious and apoptotic stress in several tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of GGA on colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice. Colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of TNBS in 50% ethanol in BALB/c mice. Survival, change in body weight and change in wet colon weight were assessed. Histological score in the colon was evaluated 5 days after TNBS treatment. The level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon was also determined. Immunohistochemistry for CD4 in the colon was performed. In addition, the level of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 in the colon was determined by Western blot analysis. Mice were orally treated with GGA (300 mg/kg) 2 h before and every other day after starting TNBS administration. Treatment with GGA markedly improved the survival rate, and reduced the loss of body weight and loss of wet colon weight in mice with TNBS-induced colitis. GGA also suppressed the increase in MPO activity and the number of CD4-positive cells infiltrating the colons of mice with TNBS-induced colitis. Furthermore, treatment with GGA remarkably up-regulated the expression of HSP70 in the colons of mice with TNBS-induced colitis. Our results provide further evidence that GGA has therapeutic potential for intestinal inflammation.
Long-term Follow-up of Positive Cultures in 500 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (1993)

Routine aneurysm culture is frequently performed as it is thought that a positive culture could be a risk factor for secondary graft infection. Five hundred aneurysms, in a series of 796 patients, had microbiologic examination of the thrombus and/or aneurysm wall. Cultures were positive in 185 cases (37%), mostly due to normal skin flora microorganisms (80%), whereas 16 patients (3.2%) had infectious aortitis. Gram-stained smears were positive in nine of these 16 patients compared with two of the other 169. Of the 185 patients with positive culture, after a mean length of follow-up of 35 months, only one had a graft infection that occurred 6 years later and was not due to the same microorganism. Graft sepsis was diagnosed in six of the 296 patients who did not have a positive culture, and was related to clinically obvious locoregional or systemic foci. In this series, positive cultures from aneurysm without rupture or signs of infection were not a risk factor for secondary graft sepsis. Therefore, in cases of asymptomatic unruptured aneurysm, routine culturing is not necessary as a positive result has no pathogenic significance or therapeutic implication.
Accuracy of 64-multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation prior to pulmonary vein isolation (2011)

MDCT coronary angiography is sensitive and highly specific in patients presenting for PVA. In this group a negative scan reliably excludes significant CAD. These data suggest that MDCT coronary angiography can replace ICA prior to PVA.
Enhanced third-order nonlinear susceptibility of semiconductor-doped glass (1994)

All-optical switches are generally designed to operate with intensity-dependent refractive index, which results from the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ (3) . In this paper, the real part of χ (3) observed at a signal wavelength λ s is examined in CdS x Se 1- x -doped glass pumped at λ p ≠ λ s . It is shown that, comparing to the case of being pumped at λ s , which is longer than a band gap wave-length, larger Re χ (3) , typically by a factor of 10 3 , is obtained at λ s when pumped at the wavelength close to the band edge. The large χ (3) obtained at low absorption wavelength gives us flexibility in designing a variety of all-optical devices.
Electron microscopy of binder phase deformation in WC–Co alloys (1988)

The deformation behaviour of binder phase regions in cemented carbides is studied using transmission electron microscopy. Stacking fault densities vary strongly up to the limit of complete transformation of the cubic into the hexagonal modification. Undissociated dislocations are rarely observed. Stacking fault intersections are limited to regions of low stacking fault density. All types of deformation defect are observed in undeformed specimens. These defects are caused by deformation resulting from the relaxation of residual hydrostatic stresses during foil preparation.MST/808
Iterative source-channel coding approach to Witsenhausen's counterexample (2011)

In 1968, Witsenhausen introduced his famous counterexample where he showed that even in the simple linear quadratic static team decision problem, complex nonlinear decisions could outperform any given linear decision. This problem has served as a benchmark problem for decades where researchers try to achieve the optimal solution. This paper introduces a systematic iterative source-channel coding approach to solve problems of the Witsenhausen Counterexample-character. The advantage of the presented approach is its simplicity. Also, no assumptions are made about the shape of the space of policies. The minimal cost obtained using the introduced method is 0.16692462, which is the lowest known thus far.
Intracellular Pathogens and Professional Phagocytes in Reactive Arthritis (1991)

Reactive arthritis is a postinfectious complication which develops after certain infections, mostly gastrointestinal or urogenital. Antigenic structures of the causative microbes, but no live organisms, have been demonstrated in inflamed joints. The host factors as well as the microbial antigens responsible for the initiation of the arthritic process are unknown. The pathogenesis of reactive arthritis is discussed here with special reference to the intracellular life of the causative microbes and to monocytes/macrophages, which may be involved in early events of the arthritic process as well as in maintenance of the autoimmune type of responses.
Reel-to-reel MOCVD for YBCO coated conductor (2003)

A reel-to reel MOCVD system has been developed for a fast and economic process to get high quality YBCO coated conductor tapes. Several oxides buffer layer sequences (based on YSZ, CeO/sub 2/, Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/...) were then grown epitaxially on two kinds of tape. Effective stacking for MOCVD reported here are YSZ/Y/sub 2/O/sub 3//YBCO and YSZ/CeO/sub 2//YBCO, respectively, on oxidized Ni RABiTS microalloys (0,1% W) and on SS/YSZ (IBAD) tapes. First, EBSD and AFM techniques have been used to characterize the substrates. Superconducting YBCO films were fully characterized by SEM, XRD and AC susceptibility measurements Epitaxial growth was depicted with a strong in-plane and out-of plane texture: FWHM of YBCO /spl phi/-scans were 8.5/spl deg/ on Ni tape and 9/spl deg/ on IBAD Hastelloy tapes. High performances were also measured by AC susceptibility, with J/sub c/ values of 0.6 MA/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K (0 T) on Ni tape and close to 1 MA/cm/sup 2/ on IBAD substrates, with a sharp transition (/spl Delta/T/sub c/ < 0.4 K) and a T/sub c/ onset at 90 K. Deposition of 2 meter buffered YSZ and CeO/sub 2//YBCO films have also been performed showing good in-plane alignment (/spl phi/-scan YSZ: FWHM = 11/spl deg/) with a tape velocity set at 4 m/h.
The Anaphase Promoting Complex: A Critical Target for Viral Proteins and Anti-Cancer Drugs (2005)

The study of animal viruses has provided extraordinary insights into cell cycle dynamics and tumor biology. The significance of the p53 and Rb tumor suppressor proteins, for example, was discovered due to their interactions with viral oncogenes. In the past several years, investigations with four viral proteins, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr, adenovirus E4orf4, chicken anemia virus (CAV) apoptin and human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax, have indicated that there are also critical viral targets involved in G2/M control. In particular, recent studies with E4orf4 and apoptin have shown that they induce G2/M arrest by targeting and inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Notably, these two viral proteins induce apoptosis selectively in transformed cells in a p53-independent manner; thus pathways affected by these proteins are of significant therapeutic interest. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism of G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis induced by viral APC/C inhibitors may shed light on the mechanisms of current cancer therapies and provide the foundation for developing novel therapeutic targets.
INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL ADAPTATION ON THE FATE OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER (1985)

Etude de l'adaptation de microbe a la degradation d'une serie d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans un panache de pollution provenant de dechets produits lors du traitement du bois par du creosote
Assessing Fan and Compressor Blade HCF Sensitivity to Non-Uniform Inlet Flows (2004)

In recent years, the subject of high cycle forced response excitation of aircraft turbine engine components and resulting fatigue failures (HCF) has been of increasing concern. Prediction and test methods are needed that can identify inlet distortion-related HCF drivers and response, and support assessment and correction of potential problems before failure occurs. The present paper describes a method by which inlet distortions may be examined for flow-distortion-driven HCF excitation potential in a test situation. The method was derived from results of a distortion screen test that produced periodic excitation in a two-stage transonic fan. A CFD method is used to predict the unsteady pressure field on the first stage blades due to a harmonic component of the measured total pressure distortion. A finite element (FE) model of the blade is then used to identify modal frequencies and predict vibratory stress and strain, providing information on the HCF potential and sensitivity to the imposed distortion. The method avoids the need for a full unsteady, coupled CFD-FE model of the entire compressor flowpath, and the calculations can be conducted rapidly. For the case evaluated, it is shown to produce stress predictions that compare to within 5% of the experimental values.
Understanding the operation of auxiliary fingerings on conical double-reed instruments. (1996)

Players of the modern bassoon are accustomed to using ornate fingerings to stabilize and correct certain notes that are difficult to tune. These ‘‘auxiliary’’ fingerings open or close tone holes far below the first open tone hole. The primary subject of the investigation was a modern German-system bassoon. Calculations of impedance versus frequency were made using a program based on the Plitnik–Strong model of 1979, with several extensions. The model, in turn, was validated by comparison with measurements taken with a system developed by Keefe et al. The authors also investigated the behavior of auxiliary fingerings on a replica baroque bassoon, and sorted out a puzzling ‘‘feature’’ of a replica Renaissance alto shawm. Based on this work, criteria for ‘‘good’’ note behavior are postulated. [Work supported by the International Double Reed Society.]
Fast Distributed Multi-agent Plan Execution with Dynamic Task Assignment and Scheduling (2009)

An essential quality of a good partner is her responsiveness to other team members. Recent work in dynamic plan execution exhibits elements of this quality through the ability to adapt to the temporal uncertainties of others agents and the environment. However, a good teammate also has the ability to adapt on-the-fly through task assignment. We generalize the framework of dynamic execution to perform plan execution with dynamic task assignment as well as scheduling.This paper introduces Chaski, a multi-agent executive for scheduling temporal plans with online task assignment. Chaski enables an agent to dynamically update its plan in response to disturbances in task assignment and the schedule of other agents. The agent then uses the updated plan to choose, schedule and execute actions that are guaranteed to be temporally consistent and logically valid within the multi-agent plan. Chaski is made efficient through an incremental algorithm that compactly encodes all scheduling policies for all possible task assignments. We apply Chaski to perform multi-manipulator coordination using two Barrett Arms within the authors' hardware testbed. We empirically demonstrate up to one order of magnitude improvements in execution latency and solution compactness compared to prior art.
A high open loop gain common mode feedback technique for fully differential amplifiers (2014)

Fully differential amplifiers usually need a common mode feedback circuit to stabilize its common mode voltage. The open loop common mode feedback circuit needs to fulfill certain conditions to guarantee fast settling and stability. If these conditions are not met with an applied feedback circuit, commonly the gain of the feedback circuit is reduced and therefore also the speed, which may enable stability. This results in smoother settling behavior, but at the cost of worse accuracy. The proposed technique just reduces the speed, but not the open loop gain. This is possible with nested feedback capacitors, offering the possibility to stabilize the common mode and differential loop independently, enabling stability and smooth settling without decreased accuracy. An amplifier with a unity gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz applying this technique has been manufactured in a 250 nm BiCMOS technology and measurement results prove the theory.
Identification of gene copy number and whole-genome methylation changes associated with lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2011)

6 Background: Metastatic CRPC undergoes significant genomic evolution compared to primary, localized disease. Multiple genetic mechanisms contribute to this evolution including changes in gene copy number as well as and changes in CpG island methylation. In this study, copy number and methylation status of metastatic CRPC tissue obtained at autopsy were assessed by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and whole genome methylation microarray profiling. Methods: Array CGH was performed on DNA isolated from metastatic CRPC samples obtained from the University of Michigan Rapid Autopsy Program, using the Agilent Human Genome 244K CGH Microarray. A total of 15 samples comprising 7 metastatic liver implants and 8 soft tissue metastases were analyzed with DNA Analytics 4.0 software. Expression of genes identified as commonly amplified or deleted was assessed in a confirmatory fashion using existing Agilent 4×44 Expression Array data. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip was used to determine whole genome methylation status. Results: A total of 79 amplified and 419 deleted genes common to >66% of samples were identified. There was significant correlation (p<0.05) of gene copy number to the mRNA level for 9 of the amplified and 76 of the deleted genes, including amplification/overexpression of AR and deletion/underexpression of the tumor suppressors PTEN and RB. While copy number was normal for the androgen synthesis genes CYP17A1, HSD17B3, HSD17B4, and HSD3B2, methylation analysis indicates their upregulation in the majority of samples, suggesting an alternative mechanism of intratumoral hormone production. There was promoter hypermethylation and gene deletion of RB1 in >85% of samples, suggesting that inactivation of this tumor suppressor through multiple pathways is critical to tumor cell survival. Conclusions: This is the first known study examining both gene copy number and whole genome CpG island methylation status in metastatic CRPC. Integration of this data allows for identification of specific genes or pathways that confer a selective growth advantage to prostate cancer cells harboring those changes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Feasibility study of friction stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy with AISI 1018 steel (2004)

The present work demonstrates that friction stir welding (FSW) is a feasible route for joining 6061 aluminium (Al) alloy to AISI 1018 steel. The weld has a good weld quality and is free of cracks and porosity. The tensile failure happened at the boundary between the nugget and thermomechanically affected zone of the base Al alloy, indicating that the weld has a higher joining strength. Despite the fact that the hardness fluctuates strongly within the nugget, the average hardness of the nugget is substantially higher than that of the base Al alloy. During FSW, localized melting of the Al alloy in the nugget occurred, and the molten Al alloy reacted strongly with steel pieces spread through the nugget, which resulted in the formation of the Al-Fe intermetallic compounds, Al 13 Fe 4 and Al 5 Fe 2 . The nugget consists of secondary phases including coarse steel pieces and Al-Fe intermetallic compounds, and an Al alloy matrix. These secondary phases contribute to the hardness of the weld.