gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substance Use among ADHD Adults: Implications of Late Onset and Subthreshold Diagnoses (2007)

Diagnosing ADHD in adults is difficult when the diagnostician cannot establish an onset prior to the DSM-IV criterion of age seven or if the number of symptoms does not achieve the DSM threshold for diagnosis. These diagnostic issues are an even larger concern for clinicians faced with adults with substance use disorders (SUD). The present study compared four groups of adults: full ADHD subjects who met all DSM-IV criteria for childhood onset ADHD, late onset ADHD subjects who met all criteria except the age at onset criterion, subthreshold ADHD subjects who did not meet full symptom criteria, and non-ADHD subjects who did not meet any of the above criteria. Diagnoses were by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and the Drug Use Severity Index (DUSI) was used for self-report of substance use. Cigarette and marijuana use was significantly greater in all ADHD groups relative to non-ADHD controls. Although usage rates of other drugs failed to reach significance, the ADHD groups were more likely to have used each drug (except alcohol) compared with the non-ADHD group. The late onset and full ADHD groups were more likely to have endorsed ever having a problem due to use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana and reported more trouble resisting use of drugs or alcohol. The full ADHD group was more likely than the other groups to have reported "getting high" as their reason for using their preferred drug. Adults with ADHD have elevated rates of substance use and related impairment. Data about late onset ADHD provides further support for the idea that the DSM-IV age at onset criterion is too stringent. In contrast, subthreshold ADHD seems to be a milder form of the disorder, or perhaps a heterogeneous group of true ADHD cases and false positives.
The Subretinal Fibrosis and Uveitis Syndrome (1996)

The subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome is a rare posterior uveitis characterized in the early stages by a multifocal choroiditis, followed by progressive subretinal fibrosis. It usually is seen in otherwise healthy, young myopic women with no systemic disease. Symptoms include acute, unilateral visual loss, scotomas, metamorphopsia, and photopsias. Ophthalmic examination reveals a mild anterior or posterior uveitis, and transient, multiple, small, whitish-yellow RPE or choroidal lesions in the posterior pole and midperiphery. These lesions fade or enlarge and coalesce to create areas of white subretinal fibrosis, a progression that occurs over weeks to months. The visual prognosis generally is poor, and recurrences are common. Treatment is controversial, with some authors finding an early beneficial effect of steroids and chemotheraphy in severe cases. The etiology is not known, but is believed to be a localized autoimmune reaction to the RPE.
Characterization of a phosphorylation‐activated Cl‐selective channel in isolated Necturus enterocytes. (1989)

1. The cell-attached and excised inside-out configurations of the patch-clamp technique were employed to probe isolated enterocytes of Necturus maculosus for the presence of Cl(-)-selective channels. 2. Chloride-selective channels were rarely observed unless cells were previously stimulated by agonists that raise cyclic AMP. In cell-attached patches forskolin (20 microM) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP 2 mM) evoked single-channel activity that reversed, depending on the cell, between 9 and 27 mV positive to the spontaneous membrane potential. This is close to the Cl- equilibrium potential in those cells; the single-channel current-voltage relationship was linear with a unitary slope conductance between 17 and 25 pS (pipettes filled with 100 mM-NaCl). 3. Large depolarizing voltage steps also activated Cl- channels in excised inside-out membrane patches that were previously quiescent. This mode of activation produced a distinctive single-channel current-voltage relationship with strong outward rectification at depolarizing membrane potentials. Single-channel cord conductance at negative potentials was 15-18 pS and increased to 45 pS at + 100 mV. 4. Altering the Cl- concentration in the bathing solution of excised inside-out patches displaced the observed reversal potential (Erev) to values predicted for Cl- equilibrium potential. Replacement of K+ for Na+ was without effect. 5. The effect of different anions upon Erev was used to determine the channel anion selectivity in excised inside-out patches. The permeability sequence was SCN- greater than I- greater than Br- greater than Cl- greater than F- greater than HCO3- greater than gluconate which corresponds to Eisenman's sequence 1. Neither ionic size nor diffusion rates determine the permeation of ions through the channel. 6. In channels activated by depolarization the open probability (Po) was insensitive to changes in the Ca2+ concentration (less than 10(-8)-10(-3) M) bathing the cytoplasmic face of excised inside-out patches. Depolarization was also without marked effect on Po. 7. Chloride channels in excised inside-out patches were inhibited by stilbene and diphenylamine-2-carboxylate derivatives. 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (SITS, 5 x 10(-5) M) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB, 1 x 10(-5) M) caused an irreversible 'flickery' blockade without altering single-channel current. 3'5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DDPC, 5 x 10(-5) M) reduced the currents at every voltage without apparent effects on gating properties of the channel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Variation of resistivity of copper-doped cadmium telluride prepared by electrodeposition (1990)

Thin film p-cadmium telluride that has been electrodeposited from non-aqueous propylene carbonate has been doped with copper using two electrochemical methods. The first involved electrochemical codeposition (in situ doping) of copper and cadmium telluride, and the second employed electromigration of copper into thin film cadmium telluride that had been annealed. After the film was removed from the conductive substrate, the resistivity of the resultant film was determined by either two- or four-strip methods, depending on the resistance of the film. To avoid current leakage by way of surface moisture, the film resistivity was measured under vacuum. The temperature dependence of the resistivity was determined for both doped and undoped films, and activation energies were obtained. As the copper density was increased, the resistivity and activation energy decreased. A Hall effect measurement of highly doped film revealed that the carrier density is substantially less than the estimated copper density, indicating segregation of part of the copper into grain boundaries of the polycrystalline film. Similar behaviour has been observed for other polycrystalline thin films. The effect of copper density and mobility are affected by grain boundary states.
The pharmacologic profile of fluoxetine. (1985)

Fluoxetine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake in vitro. Unlike many antidepressant drugs, fluoxetine has little affinity for muscarinic, histaminic H1, serotonergic 5-HT1 or 5-HT2, or noradrenergic alpha 1 or alpha 2 receptors on rat brain membranes in vitro. Fluoxetine inhibits serotonin uptake in vivo without affecting norepinephrine uptake. Neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences of enhanced serotonergic function resulting from fluoxetine's inhibition of serotonin uptake in vivo are described. Fluoxetine is relatively nontoxic in several animal species. The specificity of action of fluoxetine makes it a good candidate as an antidepressant drug.
STRUCTURE OF RESERPIN (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTRUCTURE OF RESERPINNorbert Neuss, Harold E. Boaz, and James W. ForbesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 19, 4870–4871Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01115a543https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01115a543research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ERGONOMIC APPROACH TO ON-BOARD SYSTEMS (2002)

Without doubt the driver is centrali in automotive ergonomics. Sensory input, cognitive processes, habits, and emotions all play a role in using on-board products and services while driving. Drivers have to manage these two demanding concurrent tasks: driving the vehicle and performing activities more or less related to driving itself. At the same time, the driver has to take into account the environment which dynamically changes with changing traffic situations, weather conditions, ambient light and road types. In this paper a brief overview of the Cognitive Ergonomics group activities of the Centro Ricerche Fiat is presented. Focus is on applied research on users expectations, needs, habits, and perceptual and cognitive processes involved in the use of on-board systems while driving. Aim is to contribute to the designing process and to improve on-board devices and services usability, enhancing driving safety and minimizing driver distraction.
Amino acid sequence of the heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. (1985)

The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been determined by microsequencing techniques. Proof of the structure involved a series of nonoverlapping tryptic fragments for primary identification of 86% of the amino acids. Complementary fragments generated by cleavage with chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, and mast cell proteinase II contributed to proof of the structure. The inhibitor is a single polypeptide chain of 75 residues and has a molecular weight of 7829. It lacks tryptophan, proline, and sulfur-containing amino acids. The amino terminus of the inhibitor is blocked by an unidentified group. The amino-terminal region of the molecule contains the kinase inhibitory domain, and synthetic peptides based on the sequence of residues 11-30 are potent competitive inhibitors of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase [Scott, J. D., Fischer, E. H., Demaille, J. G. & Krebs, E. G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 4379-4383]. Residues 14-22 show considerable homology to the "hinge-regions" of the regulatory subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The remainder of the molecule shows no similarity to the known amino acid sequence of any protein.
Osteoblast Deletion of Exon 3 of the Androgen Receptor Gene Results in Trabecular Bone Loss in Adult Male Mice (2006)

These findings show that inactivation of the DNA binding-dependent functions of the AR, specifically in mature osteoblasts in male mice, results in increased bone resorption and decreased structural integrity of the bone, leading to a reduction in trabecular bone volume at 32 weeks of age. These data provide evidence of a role for androgens in the maintenance of trabecular bone volume directly through DNA binding-dependent actions of the AR in mature osteoblasts.
Dissoziationskonstanten von mehrbasischen Säuren und ihre Anwendung zur Berechnung molekularer Dimensionen (1923)

Article Dissoziationskonstanten von mehrbasischen Säuren und ihre Anwendung zur Berechnung molekularer Dimensionen was published on September 1, 1923 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 106U, issue 1).
ChemInform Abstract: UEBER DIE PROTONIERUNG DER ALPHA‐ENAMINE VON LACTAMEN (1973)

Abstract 1 ′) Die Protonisierung der Lactamenamine (I) wird untersucht.
Practices and challenges of a joint transformation process in early childhood accompaniment: A shared analysis (part 2) (2021)

International audience
<title>Disruptive technology for private networks and computer backbone</title> (2001)

Optical communication is invading short distance communication (e.g. private networks etc.) as well as the digital computer backplane. Many optical devices have already been developed for these applications and many other newer devices are emerging. Possible optical devices for private networks and computer backplane are reviewed, and their deployment in different applications are also cited.
Integral equation solution for truncated slab structures by using a fringe current formulation (2003)

Full-wave solutions of truncated dielectric slab problems are interesting for a variety of engineering applications, in particular patch antennas on finite ground planes. For this application a canonical reference solution is that of a semi-infinite slab illuminated by a line source. Standard integral equation (IE) techniques are not easily applied to this problem, since unknown equivalent currents have to be distributed on a semi-infinite domain. In this paper we present a surface/surface approach, applied to an IE which is based on a non-conventional formulation. More precise, the unknowns of this IE are the difference between the actual currents and the currents of the infinite structure (without truncation).
On the application of direct methods to oligonucleotide crystallography (1994)

The direct methods program SAYTAN was applied to simulated data at various resolutions from three oligonucleotides. Success in solving the structures was found to depend more upon the resolution of the data than upon errors in the data or the complexity of the structure. Collecting the data at a reduced temperature has little effect, unless it alters the mosaicity of the crystal or changes the resolution of the data. The presence of a heavy atom dramatically improved the phase refinement, particularly at low resolution.
Co‐operative mineralization and protein self‐assembly in amelogenesis: silica mineralization and assembly of recombinant amelogenins <i>in vitro</i> (2006)

An amorphous silica mineralization technique was used to produce inorganic/protein composites to elucidate the structure and mechanism of formation of amelogenin assemblies, which may play an important role in regulating enamel structure during the initial stages of amelogenesis. Full-length recombinant amelogenins from mouse (rM179) and pig (rP172) were investigated along with key degradation products (rM166 and native P148) lacking the hydrophilic C terminus found in parent molecules. The resulting products were examined using transmission electron microscopy and/or small-angle X-ray scattering. Using protein concentrations of 0.1-3 mg ml-1, large monodisperse spheres of remarkably similar mean diameters were observed using rM179 (124+/-4 nm) and rP172 (126+/-7 nm). These spheres also exhibited 'internal structure', comprising nearly spherical monodisperse particles of approximately 20 nm in diameter. In the presence of rM166, P148, and bovine serum albumin (control), large unstructured and randomly shaped particles (250-1000 nm) were observed. Without added protein, large dense spherical particles of silica (mean approximately 500 nm) lacking internal structure were produced. These findings demonstrate that full-length amelogenins have the ability to form higher-order structures, whereas amelogenins that lack the hydrophilic C terminus do not. The results also suggest that full-length amelogenin can guide the formation of organized mineralized structures through co-operative interactions between assembling protein and forming mineral.
4.3.5 One-pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnO and SnO2 Nanostructures: Enhanced H2 Sensing Attributed to in-situ p-n Junctions (2012)

Herein, we present a novel hydrothermal synthetic approach for the formation of SnO/SnO 2 nanorods and their assembly into micro cubes as an effective gas sensing material. The synthesized materials were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, Micro-Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and thermogravimetry. Morphological evaluations by SEM revealed the rods of about 10 nm and cube about 6 um. Electrical characterization results attribute the enhanced hydrogen gas sensing response to the formation of SnO 2 /SnO local p-n junctions. Significantly improved sensor response and sensitivity could be achieved using Pd functionalization. Further, the anomalous room temperature ferromagnetic behavior of the as synthesized materials and its consequence on the enhanced sensing property is discussed.
Vapor detection, classification, and quantification performance using arrays of conducting polymer composite chemically sensitive resistors (2003)

Describes a method for generating a variety of chemically diverse, broadly responsive, low power vapor sensors. A key to our ability to fabricate chemically diverse sensing elements is the preparation of processable, air stable films of electrically conducting organic polymers. An array of such sensing elements produces a chemically reversible, diagnostic pattern of electrical resistance changes upon exposure to different odorants. Such conducting polymer elements are simply prepared and are readily modified chemically to respond to a broad range of analytes. In addition, these sensors yield a fairly rapid, low power, dc electrical signal in response to the vapor of interest, and their signals are readily integrated with software or hardware-based neural networks for purposes of analyte identification. Principal component analysis has demonstrated that such sensors can identify and quantify different airborne organic solvents, and can yield information on the components of gas mixtures.
Slow-Equilibration Approximation in Macroscopic Approach to Studying Kinetics at Equilibrium (2011)

Macroscopic approach to studying kinetics at equilibrium (MASKE) facilitates measurements of rate constants of formation (k(+)) and dissociation (k(-)) of affinity complexes in the state of chemical equilibrium. MASKE relies on "informational nonequilibrium" created by a nonuniform initial spatial distribution of a label on one of the reactants. In general, finding k(+) and k(-) by MASKE requires fitting experimental label-propagation patterns-dependencies of label concentrations on a coordinate or time-with the simulated label-propagation patterns. Here we introduce a simple fitting-free approach for finding the rate constants in the case of slow equilibration. Slow equilibration means that the characteristic equilibration time of the labeled reactant and labeled complex, t(eq), is much greater than the characteristic separation time of the labeled reactant and labeled complex, t(sep). We developed the mathematics for this approach by solving the differential equations of mass transfer using the assumption of slow equilibration. The approach was then tested and its accuracy was studied by applying it to label-propagation patterns created with the earlier-developed exact solution of the mass-transfer equations. The results proved that the approximate solution was correct. They also showed that k(+) and k(-) can be found with this fitting-free approach with a relative error less than 20% if t(sep) < 0.6t(eq). The practical limitations of our slow-equilibration approximation are discussed.
Red Dragon over China (1957)

Journal Article Red Dragon over China Get access Red Dragon over China. By Harold H. Martinson. Foreword by R. A. Syrdal. Minneapolis, Minn., Augsburg Publishing House, 1956. viii+328 pp. Illus. Maps. Charts. Bibliog. $3.50. Roderick MacFarquhar Roderick MacFarquhar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 1957, Page 522, https://doi.org/10.2307/2606953 Published: 01 October 1957
Micromachined silicon ultrasonic atomizer (2002)

High amplitude ultrasound, generated by a micromachined silicon resonant transducer, was used to atomize and pump liquids. The needle-shaped device made by bonding two silicon horns, is driven by lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) piezoelectric plates. Water was atomized continuously at feed rates of 2.4 ml/min into a mist with mean drop size of 25 /spl mu/m at a 72 kHz resonance frequency. An isopropanol mist was ignited to produce a spray combustion flame.
Mathematical modeling of the cause of tuberculosis during tumor necrosis factor blockade (2008)

Despite sharing a common therapeutic target, infliximab and etanercept differ markedly in the rates at which they reactivate LTBI. Confirmation of these findings will require the application of molecular epidemiologic tools to studies of TB in future biologics registries. Hidden Markov modeling and Monte Carlo simulation are powerful tools for revealing otherwise hidden aspects of the pathogenesis of TB.
Synthesis of 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides and their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effects (2015)

In this study, 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides were synthesized by microwave irradiation and their chemical structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)CNMR, and HRMS. Ketones used were: Acetophenone (S1), 4-methylacetophenone (S2), 4-chloroacetophenone (S3), 4-fluoroacetophenone (S4), 4-bromoacetophenone (S5), 4-methoxyacetophenone (S6), 4-nitroacetophenone (S7), 2-acetylthiophene (S8), 2-acetylfuran (S9), 1-indanone (S10), 2-indanone (S11). The compounds S9, S10 and S11 were reported for the first time, while S1-S8 was synthesized by different method than literature reported using microwave irradiation method instead of conventional heating in this study. The inhibitory effects of 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives (S1-S11) against hCA I and II were studied. Cytosolic hCA I and II isoenzymes were potently inhibited by new synthesized sulphonamide derivatives with Kis in the range of 1.79 ± 0.22-2.73 ± 0.08 nM against hCA I and in the range of 1.72 ± 0.58-11.64 ± 5.21 nM against hCA II, respectively.