gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic Effects on Cerebral Metabolic Rate Predict Histologic Outcome from Near-complete Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat (2000)

At 6.5 min ischemia, isoflurane provided improved outcome versus halothane. Previous research has shown that 0.75 MAC isoflurane-N2O increases the time to onset of ischemic depolarization by 1.5 min and reduces cerebral metabolic rate by 42% versus 0.75 MAC halothane-N2O. In the current study, when the duration of ischemia was increased by 1.5 min in the isoflurane-N2O group, histologic outcome became similar to that in halothane-N2O-anesthetized rats. These results provide evidence that cerebral metabolic rate reduction has an advantageous effect on outcome from severe brain ischemia, but also suggest that such benefit is likely to be small.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Celiac Disease and their Association - Lessons from Antibodies (2001)

Article Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Celiac Disease and their Association - Lessons from Antibodies was published on June 1, 2001 in the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (volume 14, issue Supplement).
Chemistry of Carbon Suboxide. I. Reaction with Phenylmagnesium Bromide (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Carbon Suboxide. I. Reaction with Phenylmagnesium BromideDonald J. Cram and Robert L. ZimmermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 10, 2646–2648Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01130a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01130a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stationary cavitation bubbles forming on a delta wing vortex (2014)

Vortex cavitation forming in the leading-edge vortices of a delta wing was examined to determine how the individual cavitation bubbles incepted, grew, interacted with the underlying vortical flow and produced acoustic tones. The non-cavitating vortical flow over the delta wing was chosen to be similar to those previously reported in the literature. It was found that vortex breakdown was unaffected by the presence of incipient and developed vortex cavitation bubbles in the vortex core. While some cavitation bubbles incepted, grew, and collapsed relatively quickly, others reached an equilibrium position wherein the bubble tip was stationary in the laboratory frame at a particular location along the vortex axis. For a given attack angle, the equilibrium location moved upstream with a reduction in free stream cavitation number. It is shown that the existence of these stationary vortex bubbles is possible when there is a balance between the axial growth of the bubble along the vortex axis and the opposite motion of the axial jetting flow in the vortex core, and only a single equilibrium position is possible along the axially evolving vortex for a given free stream cavitation number. These transient and stationary vortex bubbles emit significant cavitation noise upon inception, growth, and collapse. The spectral content of the noise produced was expected to be related to the interaction of the bubble with the surrounding vortical flow in a manner similar to that reported in previous studies, where sustained tones were similar to the underlying vortex frequency. However, in the present study, the dominant frequency and higher harmonics of the tones occur at a higher frequency than that of the underlying vortex. Hence, it is likely that the highly elongated stationary bubbles have higher-order volume oscillations compared to the two-dimensional radial mode of the vortex cores of vortex cavitation bubbles with much smaller diameter-to-length ratios.
In situ Annealing of GaInNAs up to 600°C (2001)

We have found that the optimum annealing temperature for GaInNAs depends on the crystallinity of the as-grown crystal, and that GaInNAs with superior crystallinity grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy can survive at 600°C during a considerably long annealing process.
Polarized MODTRAN 3.7 applied to characterization of ocean color in the presence of aerosols (2002)

The color of the ocean and estuarine waters are key indicators of pollutants as well as biological phenomenon. However atmospheric aerosols can be produce a significant bias in the observations. Of particular importance is dust from the Sahara and Gobi Deserts on the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean photometric observations. Polarization can be used to deconvolute the effects of aerosols. In comparison to non- absorbing aerosols, the desert aerosol has opposite behavior for epsilon function with wavelength. Results show the degree of plane polarization decreases with the increase of the aerosol optical thickness and is wavelength dependent. The degree of polarization increases as the viewing zenith angle increase. An additional fallout of this analysis is the effect of aerosols on the ocean heat exchange; warming or cooling can occur depending upon the optical properties of the aerosols. Further, the visibility of military targets is strongly a function of aerosol scattering properties.
White matter tract visualization using properties of termination coordinate eigenmaps (2009)

We present a fast and informative technique for determining colors that differentiate white matter pathways generated by deterministic diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) based on streamline termination coordinate (TC) locations in native space. In particular, terminations coordinates are mapped to a standard stereotactic space and colors are generated using a fast eigenmapping approach designed to provide a single eigenvector representing both TCs. This eigenvector is then colored by mapping the vector x-coordinate to the red channel, the y-coordinate to the green channel, and the z-coordinate to the blue channel. This visualization technique generates a TC color (TCC) map and represents a novel technique for white matter anatomical visualization that does not require explicit white matter pathway segmentation. TCC maps of the pons, cerebral peduncle, thalamus, arcuate fasciculus, and corpus callosum are demonstrated and shown to correspond well with known white matter anatomy. Furthermore, TCC maps are consistent between subjects and may be modulated by the eigenvalue of the TCC map or streamline length to provide additional visual contrast. Finally, these color maps may be generated from deterministic or probabilistic tractography data that are computed from either diffusion tensor or high angular resolution diffusion-weighted MRI acquisitions.
Spatial variability of air temperature and appropriate resolution for satellite‐derived air temperature estimation (2008)

This study investigates the spatial variability of air temperature over Hong Kong using in situ air temperature recorded from a mobile traverse combined with an ASTER thermal satellite image. Three different degrees of urbanization in Hong Kong, including city downtown (Kowloon), suburban areas (Yuen Long and Shatin), and rural countryside (Tai Mo Shan and Lam Tsuen) are analysed. The spatially variable relationship between air and surface temperature was evaluated using two spatial averaging techniques, namely spatial resampling and buffering around air temperature points. The strength of the correlation coefficient was tested for every decreasing resolution and the appropriate spatial scales of air temperature in urban, suburban and rural areas were found to be 200 m, 450 m and 700 m, respectively. The differences in the spatial scales of air temperature in these regions are attributed mainly to structural factors of land cover such as city block size, building density and percentage of green areas, and secondarily to the climatic conditions being operating in, and which commonly typify these individual regions. Thus small scale lengths in the urban area corresponded to heterogeneous land cover, a well developed urban boundary layer, low wind speeds and a low lapse rate, whereas longer scale lengths were observed in suburban and rural areas having more homogeneous land cover, higher wind speeds and higher lapse rate.
Proton-vacancy-conducting polymers based on anion-grafted ormosils synthesized via sol-gel process (1992)

A novel basic proton conducting polymer (so-called proton-vacancy conducting polymer) has been synthesized. It is based on the copolymerization via the sol-gel process of sulfonamide- containing groups, partially deprotonated, and an internal plasticizer (POE segments). All the organic groups are attached to trialkoxysilanes which, through the hydrolysis-condensation process, lead to a silica-based backbone. The flexible films obtained are homogeneous and transparent. Maximum conductivities are observed with approximately equals 15% of the sulfonamide groups deprotonated by the organic base and approximately equals 10% of 2000 M<SUB>w</SUB> POE plasticizer. The conductivity values are 2 10<SUP>-7</SUP>Ω<SUP>-1</SUP>-cm<sup>-1</sup> at 30 degree(s)C and 10<SUP>-5</SUP> Ω <SUP>-1</SUP>cm<SUP>-1</SUP> at about 84 degree(s)C. The polymers are thermically stable up to 220 degree(s)C and their electrochemical stability range is close to 2 V.
Parallel array histogram architecture for embedded implementations (2013)

Proposed is a parallel array histogram architecture (PAHA) suitable for embedded implementations. The PAHA uses a register array instead of a memory block to store the histogram bins. In each step, M inputs can be processed in parallel to update the histogram bins without any additional latency. Also described is a second version of the PAHA with a flexible number of inputs, potentially avoiding the need for multiple PAHAs in a single application. Implementation results show that the architecture can achieve a super‐linear speed‐up of 43.75× for a 16‐way PAHA when compared to a software implementation in a general‐purpose processor.
Solvent‐Templated Block Ionomers for Base‐ and Acid‐Gas Separations: Effect of Humidity on Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Permeation (2017)

Abstract As energy needs continue to drive the development of biogas and fossil‐fuel technologies, methods by which to selectively remove basic (NH 3 ) and acidic (CO 2 ) gases are becoming increasingly important, especially in light of global climate change. Block copolymers are considered as suitable membrane candidates in gas separations due to the ability of such copolymers to microphase‐separate and spontaneously form nanoscale morphologies that exhibit spatially modulated chemical specificity. Incorporation of charged moieties along the midblock of a thermoplastic elastomeric multiblock copolymer yields an amphiphilic block ionomer possessing a flexible molecular network stabilized by rigid endblocks. The presence of hydrophilic microdomains introduces an important consideration regulating molecular transport: humidity. In this study, solvent‐templating paradigms are employed to control the morphologies of midblock‐sulfonated pentablock ionomers, as discerned by electron microscopy and X‐ray scattering. The effect of humidity on the permeation of NH 3 , CO 2 , and N 2 is then investigated through the resulting membranes. As expected, NH 3 permeates significantly faster than N 2 , especially under humid conditions. Although not as pronounced, similar behavior is observed for CO 2 , thereby establishing that this block ionomer is generally selective to humidified polar gases.
Transforming lattices into non-deterministic automata with optional null arcs (1998)

The problem of transforming a lattice into a non-deterministic finite state automaton is non-trivial. We present a transformation algorithm which tracks, for each node of an automaton under construction, the larcs which it reflects and the lattice nodes at their origins and extremities. An extension of the algorithm permits the inclusion of null, or epsilon, arcs in the output automaton. The algorithm has been successfully applied to lattices derived from dictionaries, i.e. very large corpora of strings.
Characteristics of a microbridge type MEMS sensor for the thermal conductivity measurement of gases by a steady state method (2014)

Thermal conductivity λ of gases was successfully measured by a simple steady state method using a microbridge type MEMS sensor fabricated on a Si substrate. The sensor consisted of a hot wire with two adjacent thermocouples on the surface of a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> microbridge. The temperature increase of the microbridge was measured by supplying step-like electrical power Q to the hot wire. Due to the small heat capacity of the microbridge, the temperature increased to a saturated value ΔT within several tens of millisecond. In moving gas, the difference of the ΔT between upstream and downstream thermocouples gives the flow velocity. In static gas, this difference intrinsically becomes zero, and the heat flow Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> from the hot wire to the surrounding gas is calculated using the Q to yield the same ΔT for different gases with known λ. Once Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> is obtained, the λ of any unknown gases can be estimated by measuring the Q to yield the same ΔT.
Biomedical aspects of depression and its treatment (1983)

Am J Psychiatry 142:1, January 1985 135 research-oriented perspective this seriously limits the value of the book. However, many who are primarily in clinical practice will not consider an objection to an abundance of personal impressions as a criticism at all and will, therefore, feel that this book altogether succeeds in its stated goal of “providing clinicians with background knowledge.” One has the sense that many of the authors would be good personal consultants on a difficult case.
Synthesis of 2-deoxy-(6-/sup 13/C)glucose (1987)

The authors have prepared 2-deoxy-D-(6-/sup 13/C)glucose which will be used to test the stability of 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate in brain tissue. They chose to label 2-deoxy-D-glucose at C-6 because of the large chemical shift difference between C-6 in the free sugar and C-6 in the 6-phosphate analog. Their synthetic scheme is similar to that used for the synthesis of D-(6-/sup 13/C)glucose which involves the removal of C-6 from D-glucose followed by its replacement with /sup 13/C. They first prepare the methyl ..cap alpha..-furanoside using trifluoroacetic acid in methanol. This product is then treated with periodate which cleaves only between C-5 and C-6 to form a hydrated aldehyde which is reacted directly with K/sup 13/CN to form a mixture of nitriles. The enriched nitriles are reduced with hydrogen to a mixture of 6-aldehydo sugars using a 5% Pd on carbon catalyst. These sugars are reduced with NaBH/sub 4/ to a mixture of labeled methyl furanosides. Acid hydrolysis followed by chromatography yields 2-deoxy-D-(6-/sup 13/C)glucose in an overall yield of 10% from K/sup 13/CN.
A Generative-Discriminative Basis Learning Framework to Predict Clinical Severity from Resting State Functional MRI Data (2018)

We propose a matrix factorization technique that decomposes the resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) correlation matrices for a patient population into a sparse set of representative subnetworks, as modeled by rank one outer products. The subnetworks are combined using patient specific non-negative coefficients; these coefficients are also used to model, and subsequently predict the clinical severity of a given patient via a linear regression. Our generative-discriminative framework is able to exploit the structure of rs-fMRI correlation matrices to capture group level effects, while simultaneously accounting for patient variability. We employ ten fold cross validation to demonstrate the predictive power of our model on a cohort of fifty eight patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Our method outperforms classical semi-supervised frameworks, which perform dimensionality reduction on the correlation features followed by non-linear regression to predict the clinical scores.
Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines (2016)

Key words copper catalysis - tandem cyclization reaction - Pybox ligand - tertiary enamide
Correlation of Fiber Composite Tensile Strength with the Ultrasonic Stress Wave Factor (1979)

Abstract An acoustic-ultrasonic technique was used to indicate the strength variations of tensile specimens of a graphite/epoxy composite. A “stress wave factor” was determined and its value was found to depend on variations of the fiber-resin bonding as well as fiber orientation. The fiber orientations studied were 0 deg (longitudinal), 10 deg (off-axis), 90 deg (transverse), [0 deg/±45 deg/0 deg] symmetrical, and [±45 deg] symmetrical. Correlations indicated that the stress wave factor can predict variations of the tensile and shear strengths of composite materials. The method was also found to be sensitive to strength variations associated with microporosity and differences in fiber/resin ratio.
Quantification of Liver Tumors Using Statistical Characteristics of Ultrasonic RF Signals (2005)

We propose a method for quantification of liver tumors using statistical characteristics of ultrasonic RF signals. Parameters of K distribution show the characteristics of a soft tissue. The proposed method of chi-square test(CST) can estimate the most appropriate parameters of K distribution, which are fitted to an observed amplitude distribution. Method of moment(MOM), method combining maximum likelihood and MOM(ML/MOM), and CST are compared on simulated RF signals. The CST is applied to RF signals of liver tumors including 38 hepatocellular carcinomas(malignancy) and 12 hepatic hemangiomas(benignancy). The accuracy of discriminant analysis are 78% and 50% for malignancy and benignancy, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐2‐(3‐cyanopyridin‐2‐ylthio)propionic Acids. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Self-pumped phase-conjugate diode-pumped Nd:YAG loop resonator (1998)

Self-pumped phase-conjugate (SPPC) gain media loop resonators present attractive features including dynamic correction of intracavity phase aberrations, and high extraction capabilities [1]. High-gain diode-pumped Nd:YAG amplifiers, because of their compactness and their high efficiencies, offer attractive potential for use in such resonators.In this paper, we present for the first time a SPPC diode-pumped Nd:YAG loop resonator operated in both injected and self-starting versions.
Drug metabolizing enzymes (1998)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are monoxygenases expressed mainly in the liver. They are able to oxidize a number of compounds and may generate cytotoxic or genotoxic metabolites. Their expression and activity can be affected by genetic defects, inhibitors and inducers present in the environment, oxygen, cytokines, and growth factors, as well as cell-cell contacts. These factors account for the wide interindividual variability exhibited by humans in response to drugs. Hypoxia, cytokines, and growth factors could decrease the metabolism of drugs in intensive care unit patients.
Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>ansa</i>-Zirconocenes (2004)

The reaction of the chiral chelated bis-amide complex Zr{(2R,4R)-PhNCHMeCH2CHMeNPh}Cl2(THF)2 (R,R-7) with lithium ansa-bis-indenyl reagents Li2[SBI](Et2O) (8a, SBI = (1-indenyl)2SiMe2) or Li2[EBI](Et2O) (8b, EBI = 1,2-(1-indenyl)2ethane) in THF affords the corresponding ansa-zirconocenes S,S-(SBI)Zr{(2R,4R)-PhNCHMeCH2CHMeNPh} (S,S,R,R-9a) or S,S-(EBI)Zr{(2R,4R)-PhNCHMeCH2CHMeNPh} (S,S,R,R-9b) in >95% isolated yield and >99% enantiomeric excess. Compound 9b was converted to the corresponding enantiomerically pure dichloride S,S-(EBI)ZrCl2 (S,S-10b) in 91% isolated yield by reaction with HCl in Et2O. The chiral diamine (2R,4R)-HPhNCHMeCH2CHMeNHPh (R,R-5) was recovered from this reaction.
Molecular relaxation dynamics of alkali-metal ion 222 cryptates in propylene carbonate (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular relaxation dynamics of alkali-metal ion 222 cryptates in propylene carbonateH. Schneider, K. H. Richmann, T. Funck, P. Firman, F. Eggers, E. M. Eyring, and S. PetrucciCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 10, 2798–2804Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100321a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100321a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts