gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The treatment of atopic dermatitis and other dermatoses with leukotriene antagonists. (2004)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing eczematous disorder of the skin that occurs in persons of all ages but is more common in children. AD is associated with other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinoconjuntivitis or bronchial asthma. Nearly 80% of children with AD eventually develop allergic rhinitis or asthma. AD can be classified as mixed (cases associated with respiratory allergies) and pure . Pure AD has intrinsic and extrinsic variants. In the extrinsic type, interleukin-4 is secreted by T-cells isolated from spontaneous lesions and skin-derived T-lymphocytes express more IL-13. Due to the different immunopathogenesis, it has been suggested that antileukotriene agents may be more successful in the treatment of the extrinsic subgroup. Leukotrienes (LTs) are a class of potent biological inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. There is evidence of enhanced LT production in the pathogenesis of AD. Evidence in the literature provides a pathophysiological rationale for the use of cysLT receptor blockers in the treatment of AD. However, the exact mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists in AD is not known. In small clinical and case studies, montelukast was found to be a safe and effective alternative or steroid-sparing therapy in the management of patients with atopic dermatitis.
Emerging drugs for diabetic foot ulcers (2006)

Diabetic foot ulceration results from factors extrinsic to the foot such as repeated trauma, ischaemia and infection, as well as intrinsic factors that lead to impairment of wound healing. Intrinsic factors are less well understood, but include deficiency of growth factors, changes in extracellular matrix components with excess proteases, reduced fibroblast activity, cellular abnormalities, deficiencies of angiogenesis, nitric oxide abnormalities and hyperglycaemia. The scientific rationale of therapy is to correct both the external factors that cause diabetic foot ulcers and the internal factors that lead to impairment of wound healing. Current research is leading to new therapies that can be divided into the following classes: growth factors, skin substitutes, extracellular matrix proteins, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, protease inhibitors, angiogenesis stimulants, nitric oxide-releasing agents, adenosine agonists, immunostimulants, vasoactive compounds and granulating agents. These therapies should be considered when existing treatments to correct extrinsic factors have failed to heal ulceration in the diabetic foot.
Fluorinated Glycosyl Amino Acids for Mucin‐Like Glycopeptide Antigen Analogues (2010)

The aberrant glycosylation profiles of mucin glycoproteins on epithelial tumour cells represent attractive target structures for the development of immunotherapy against cancer. Mucin-type glycopeptides have been successfully investigated as molecularly defined vaccine prototypes for triggering humoral immunity but are susceptible to rapid in vivo degradation. As a potential means to enhance the bioavailabilities of the antigenic structures, hydrolysis-resistant carbohydrate analogues with fluorine substituents at positions C6, C2' and C6' were synthesised and incorporated into the tandem repeat sequence of the mucin MUC1. The resulting pseudo-glycopeptides can be used to elucidate the effects of chemically modified antibody determinants on metabolic and immunological properties.
Analysis and nursing measures of irritable patient in comprehensive ICU (2008)

To analyze the causes of the 122 irritable patients in comprehensive ICU,by adopting psychological nursing,the measures of protective restraint,application of analgesic and sedation,reinforced canal nursing and basic nursing,ICU surroundings improvement,all patients'irritability were relieved with varying degrees,preventing all kinds of accident and promoting the rehabilitation of the human body.

Key words: 
Comprehensive ICU; Irritability; Nursing
Cryoglobulinaemias: a multi-centre study of the early clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary and secondary disease (1995)

In a multi-centre retrospective study, we compared clinical and laboratory data in 913 patients with cryoglobulinaemias, divided as: (i) essential cryoglobulinaemias; (ii) cryoglobulinaemias secondary to connective tissue diseases (CTD), lymphoproliferative or other haematological diseases (LPD), chronic liver diseases (CLD), and 'other diseases'. Purpura was the commonest presenting feature in all groups and was more common in essential cryoglobulinaemias (p < 0.0001). Meltzer's triad (purpura, arthralgia, weakness) was less frequent, but similarly distributed. Renal involvement was randomly distributed. Neurological impairment was less frequent in cryoglobulinaemias secondary to CLD (p < 0.002). Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis and sicca syndrome were more frequent in cryoglobulinaemias secondary to CTD. Essential cryoglobulinaemias had a significantly higher percentage of serum complement C4 < 8 mg/dl (p < 0.004), of detectable rheumatoid factor activity (p < 0.0002), and of type II cryoglobulins (p < 0.0001). Liver involvement was evident at presentation in 32.6% of essential cryoglobulinaemias, 27.1% of cryoglobulinaemias secondary to LPD and 12.2% of cryoglobulinaemias secondary to CTD. Antibodies to hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) and core (HBc) antigens were more frequent in cryoglobulinaemias secondary to CLD; anti-HBs antibodies were randomly distributed. Antibodies to hepatitis C (HCV) were tested for in 224 patients, and prevalence was high in all the groups, but lower in cryoglobulinaemias secondary to CTD (p < 0.0001). Type II and type III essential cryoglobulinaemias differed significantly in renal involvement (p < 0.0001), cryocrit > 3% (p < 0.0001), C4 < 15 mg/dl (p < 0.001), HBsAg prevalence (p < 0.01) and purpura (p < 0.05). Despite the high prevalence of HCV markers in all groups, the role of HCV in essential cryoglobulinaemia is not well defined; HBV seems to play only a marginal role.
XVII. Continuation of experiments for investigating the cause of coloured concentric rings, and other appearances of a similar nature (1809)

In the first part of this paper, I have pointed out a variety of methods that will give us coloured concentric rings between two glasses of a proper figure applied to each other, and it has been proved that only two surfaces, namely, those that are in contact with each other, are essential to their formation; it will now be necessary to enlarge the field of prismatic phe­nomena, by showing that their appearance in the shape of rings has been owing to our having only used spherical curves to produce them. 35. Cylindrical Curves produce Streaks . As soon as it occurred to me, that the cause of the figure of any certain prismatic appearance must be looked for in the nature of the curvature of one or both of the surfaces, that are essential to its production, I was prepared to expect that if a spherical curve, when applied to a plain surface of glass, produces coloured rings, a cylindrical one applied to the same would give coloured lines or streaks. To put this to the proof of an experiment, I ground one side of a plate of glass into a cylindrical curve, and after having given it a polish, I laid a slip of plain glass upon it, and soon perceived a beautiful set of coloured streaks. The broadest of them was at the line of contact, and on each side they were gradually narrower and less bright. The colours in the streaks were similar to those in the rings, and they were in the same manner changeable by pressure as in them. Their order was likewise the same, if we reckon from the line of contact, as with rings we do from the center; so that these streaks differed in no respect from rings, except in their linear instead of circular arrange­ment.
Signal Transduction in the Protozoan Host <i>Hartmannella vermiformis</i> upon Attachment and Invasion by <i>Legionella micdadei</i> (1998)

The intracellular pathogens Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila are the two most common Legionella species that cause Legionnaires' disease. Intracellular replication within pulmonary cells is the hallmark of Legionnaires' disease. In the environment, legionellae are parasites of protozoans, and intracellular bacterial replication within protozoans plays a major role in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. In this study, we characterized the initial host signal transduction mechanisms involved during attachment to and invasion of the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis by L. micdadei. Bacterial attachment prior to invasion of H. vermiformis by L. micdadei is associated with tyrosine dephosphorylation of multiple host cell proteins, including a 170-kDa protein. We have previously shown that this 170-kDa protein is the galactose N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc)-inhibitable lectin receptor that mediates attachment to and invasion of H. vermiformis by L. pneumophila. Subsequent bacterial entry targets L. micdadei into a phagosome that is not surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). In contrast, uptake of L. pneumophila mediated by attachment to the Gal/GalNAc lectin is followed by targeting of the bacterium into an RER-surrounded phagosome. These results indicate that despite similarities in the L. micdadei and L. pneumophila attachment-mediated signal transduction mechanisms in H. vermiformis, the two bacterial species are targeted into morphologically distinct phagosomes in their natural protozoan host.
Catalytic Disproportionation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (1971)

The review considers the data at present available on the disproportionation reaction of olefins. The practical value of this versatile reaction, which opens up new pathways for synthesis of a wide variety of unsaturated hydrocarbons, is noted. The applications of the reaction to dienes and acetylenes are also considered. Studies using various heterogeneous disproportionation catalysts have been described, together with simple process parameters (catalyst activity, temperature, pressure, etc). Much attention has been devoted to the applications of homogeneous catalytic systems in the disproportionation of olefins and to the characteristics which distinguish them from heterogeneous catalysts. Problems concerned with the reaction mechanism and its stereochemical features are discussed. The bibliography includes 92 references.
ANGSD: Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data (2014)

The open source c/c++ program ANGSD is available at http://www.popgen.dk/angsd . The program is tested and validated on GNU/Linux systems. The program facilitates multiple input formats including BAM and imputed beagle genotype probability files. The program allow the user to choose between combinations of existing methods and can perform analysis that is not implemented elsewhere.
The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The perikaryon, dendrites and spines (1970)

Abstract The small pyramidal neurons of layers II and III of the rat parietal cortex have been examined with both Golgi staining and electron microscopy. The cell body contains a large nucleus and only a thin rim of cytoplasm in which the Nissl substance is not well developed. A cap of Nissl substance occurs at the base of the apical dendrite, however, and a number of cisternae of the Golgi apparatus occur in this same location. A centriole is often found here too, so that this region of the neuron represents the cell center. Little Nissl substance occurs in the dendrites, which mainly contain well‐ordered arrays of microtubules. Projecting from the stem of the apical dendrite and from the secondary dendrites are spines. Basically, the spines are of three types. The most common ones have long, thin stalks and small end bulbs. The least common ones are mushroom‐shaped and have thick stalks ending in large bulbs. The other spines are short and stubby, and have no well‐defined stalk. The distribution of these three types of spines has been determined. Although they are rare, spines may also project from the cell body, which has very few synapses on its surface.
ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY AND AESTHETICS (1963)

ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY AND AESTHETICS Get access Bertram Jessup Bertram Jessup Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 3, Issue 3, July 1963, Pages 223–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/3.3.223 Published: 01 July 1963
Physician Reimbursement Mechanisms as Social Constraints: An Historical Critique of Douglass North's Theory of Institutional Evolution (1997)

Douglass North, in his seminal work Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance , defined institutions as “the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction,” existing within a hierarchical continuum ranging—in order of increasing formality—from taboos, customs, and traditions to more formal constraints such as individual contracts, specific bylaws, common laws, statutes, and constitutions. According to North, institutions evolve as piecemeal economic reactions to the high transaction costs attending greater social complexity. This article tests North's theory against an evolving system of humanly devised constraints: society's mechanism for reimbursing physicians. After examining eight reimbursement systems that range from primitive to complicated—(1) Zinacantan, Mexico, (2) Confucian China, (3) ancient Rome, (4) colonial America and seventeenth-century Britain, (5) the “guild free choice” model, (6) private third-party insurance, (7) government insurance, and (8) HMOs and managed care—I conclude that a “top-downward” model provides a better explanation of physician reimbursement constraints than does North's “bottom-upward” model.
Preparation of 1‐Ethynylpyrene‐Modified DNA via Sonogashira‐Type Solid‐Phase Couplings and Characterization of the Fluorescence Properties for Electron‐Transfer Studies (2003)

Abstract A range of 1‐ethynylpyrene‐modified oligonucleotides (Py−≡−dU) has been prepared by a special semi‐automated strategy using Sonogashira‐type cross‐coupling conditions in the solid phase. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the Py−≡−dU‐modified single strands and their corresponding double‐stranded duplexes have been characterized. The presented spectra show that the Py−≡−dU emission is quenched in DNA duplexes bearing a thymine or cytosine adjacent to the Py−≡−dU group. This shows that the Py−≡−dU moiety is able to inject an electron into the base stack while simultaneously acting as a spectroscopic label to enable the observation of these processes. Hence, Py−≡−dU‐modified oligonucleotides are promising donor systems in order to study electron injection and electron transport in DNA spectroscopically. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Thematic review series: The Immune System and Atherogenesis. The unusual suspects:an overview ofthe minor leukocyte populations in atherosclerosis (2005)

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease process involving an array of cell types and interactions. Although macrophage foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells constitute the bulk of the atherosclerotic lesion, other cell types have been implicated in this disease process as well. These cellular components of both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in modulating the response of macrophage foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to the retained and modified lipids in the vessel wall as well as in driving the chronic vascular inflammation that characterizes this disease. In this review, the involvement of a number of less prominent leukocyte populations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is discussed. More specifically, the roles of natural killer cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, gammadelta T-cells, natural killer T-cells, regulatory T-cells, and B-cells are addressed.
2-clickAuth Optical Challenge-Response Authentication (2010)

Internet users today often have usernames and passwords at multiple web sites. To simplify things, many sites support some form of federated identity management, such as OpenID, that enables users to have a single account that allows them to log on to many different sites by authenticating to a single identity provider. Most identity providers perform authentication using a username and password. Should these credentials be compromised, e.g. captured by a key logger or malware on an untrusted computer, all the user's accounts become compromised. Therefore a more secure authentication method is desirable. We have implemented 2-clickAuth, an optical challenge-response solution where a web camera and a camera phone are used for authentication. Two-dimensional barcodes are used for the communication between phone and computer, which allows 2-clickAuth to transfer relatively large amounts of data in a short period of time. 2-clickAuth is considerably more secure than passwords while still being easy to use and easy to distribute to users. This makes 2-clickAuth a viable alternative to passwords in systems where enhanced security is desired, but availability, ease-of-use, and cost cannot be compromised. We have implemented an identity provider in the OpenID federated identity management system that uses 2-clickAuth for authentication, making 2-clickAuth available to all users of sites that support OpenID, including Facebook, Sourceforge and MySpace.
Direct data compression of ECG signal for telemedicine (2006)

Several techniques have been developed during the last four decades for the compression of ECG signal. The ECG signal compression is required for two main reasons, effective and economic data storage and on-line transmission of the signal. However, in present information technology (IT) the ECG data compression has become more significant for Telemedicine. Hence, it is essential to review the existing direct data compression (DDC) techniques for the purpose of telemedicine. This paper deals with efficient algorithms which have been developed after carrying out an exhaustive study of methods such as amplitude zone time epoch coding (AZTEC), modified AZTEC, Fan and scan along polygonal approximation (SAPA) techniques. In each of these techniques, modifications have been made to make it suitable for telemedicine purposes. Suitability of the system has been checked over transport control protocol (TCP), internet protocol (IP), local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN). The techniques have been tested for all standard leads of ECG signal of CSE database. The results of improved direct data compression techniques are encouraging and promise wider scope for application in telemedicine.
TUMOUR CHEMOTHERAPY--XXXVI.SYNTHESIS OF SOME 1-ETHYL-2-METHYL-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROPHENANTHRENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND 2-NAPHTHALENEPROPIONIC ACIDS (1978)

In previous papers we have reported that some derivatives of plant growth regulatorspossess selective inhibitory activity against tumour cells in experimental animals.In thepresent investigation we describe the synthesis of twenty-six potential sex hormones,which bear structural analogy to two plant growth regulators,naphthalene acetic acidand naphthalene glycolic acid,for the purpose of studying the relationship amongantitumour activity,plant growth regulation activity and sex hormone effect and discove-ring a new type of antitumour agent.Preliminary pharmacological test showed that some of them exhibited markedactivity against sarcoma-37 in mice.Other two kinds of biological assays are inprogress.
Evidence based nursing (1997)

Christine Smithdescribes an initiative taken in wales to encourage the use of evidence based practice
Design of MTI Radar on the Basis of Detection Probability (1979)

A single (quadrature) channel moving target indicator (MTI) radar system employing a tapped delay line filter is analyzed. The point of view taken is that of optimal clutter rejection in conjunction with subsequent receiver decision operations. The random nature of the spread of target Doppler shifts is taken into account. Based on the above, a procedure is presented by means of which the detection probability can be numerically evaluated for an optimized filter frequency response.
Deburring and surface finishing: The past ten years and projections for the next ten years (1990)

The 1970s were a decade of significant growth in deburring and surface finishing. In the 1980s progress was made in robotic finishing, burr formation models, surface finish measurement, new processes, equipment and tooling. The centers of burr and surface related research changed. The decade of the 1990s will bring greater competition, environmental restrictions, more processes, more automation, and better characterization and simulation of processes.
Distributionally Robust Multiperiod Inventory Model for Omnichannel Retailing Considering Buy-Online, Pickup-in-Store and Out-of-Stock, Home-Delivery Services (2022)

This article proposes the distributionally robust multiperiod inventory model incorporating the buy-online-pickup-in-store (BOPIS) and out-of-stock-home-delivery-service (OSHDS), which are the representative services of omnichannel retailing. Under this omnichannel system, the retailer operates both online and brick-and-mortar (B&M) stores simultaneously, which allow interactive flows of customer demands and desired products. The BOPIS allows customers who buy products through the online store to pick them up in the B&M store. Meanwhile, the OSHDS allows customers who find the product they want out of stock in a B&M store to receive it later, through express delivery from the online store. To capture the correlated uncertain demands of the BOPIS and OSHDS, we adopt a factor-based demand model that is affinely dependent on predefined uncertain factors. To handle a multistage decision process under uncertain demands, we utilize a rule-based approximation and distributionally robust bound to derive a tractable formulation. Computational results achieved in this article offer some insights that BOPIS and OSHDS play a role in providing retailer with flexibility, which could handle unsatisfied demands efficiently.
Direct generation of electric power from a high-velocity gas jet (1961)

The possibility of generating electric power by the electromagnetic braking of a high-velocity gas jet is discussed. Outstanding problems are assessed and suggestions are put forward for the solution of some of them, but the need for more research is emphasized The continued economic expansion of our society depends upon the growing availability of distributable power, and most of the burden of this increase will fall upon the electric power generating industry. The output of electrical generating plant doubles about every 10 years, but the demand is still greater than the supply. In spite of the vast amount of electric energy (about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> kw-hr) produced every year, the efficiency of modern fossil fuel power stations is only about 35 per cent. Any method for increasing this efficiency would be of great importance. The major loss of energy in the conventional process occurs during the conversion of thermal energy in the working fluid to mechanical energy at the electric generator; i.e., in the turbine part of the system. This conversion efficiency could be increased by raising operating temperatures, but there is a practical limit in machines operating with high mechanical stresses.
Design of freeform optics (2013)

Abstract Freeform optics has certain characteristics such as complex surfaces and more degrees to be controlled, so that it is capable of achieving optical mapping relationship, which cannot be achieved by the conventional optical surfaces. There is no applicable method for designing all freeform optics in the optical field until now. The selection of design methods should be based on specific applications. The paper introduces the main optical freeform design methods and their typical applications.