gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Tightly Coupled Linear Array of Perylene, Bis(Porphyrin), and Phthalocyanine Units that Functions as a Photoinduced Energy-Transfer Cascade (2000)

We have prepared a linear array of chromophores consisting of a perylene input unit, a bis(free base porphyrin) transmission unit, and a free base phthalocyanine output unit for studies in artificial photosynthesis and molecular photonics. The synthesis involved four stages: (1) a rational synthesis of trans-AB2C-porphyrin building blocks each bearing one meso-unsubstituted position, (2) oxidative, meso,meso coupling of the zinc porphyrin monomers to afford a bis(zinc porphyrin) bearing one phthalonitrile group and one iodophenyl group, (3) preparation of a bis(porphyrin)-phthalocyanine array via a mixed cyclization involving the bis(free base porphyrin) and 4-tert-butylphthalonitrile, and (4) Pd-mediated coupling of an ethynylperylene to afford a perylene-bis(porphyrin)-phthalocyanine linear array. The perylene-bis(porphyrin)-phthalocyanine array absorbs strongly across the visible spectrum. Excitation at 490 nm, where the perylene absorbs preferentially, results in fluorescence almost exclusively from the phthalocyanine (phi(f) = 0.78). The excited phthalocyanine forms with time constants of 2 ps (90%) and 13 ps (10%). The observed time constants resemble those of corresponding phenylethyne-linked dyads, including a perylene-porphyrin (< or = 0.5 ps) and a porphyrin-phthalocyanine (1.1 ps (70%) and 8 ps (30%)). The perylene-bis(porphyrin)-phthalocyanine architecture exhibits efficient light-harvesting properties and rapid funneling of energy in a cascade from perylene to bis(porphyrin) to phthalocyanine.
Overview: Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cannabinoids (1993)

(1993). Overview: Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cannabinoids. Current Opinion on Therapeutic Patents: Vol. 3, No. 3-4, pp. 403-416.
Nano-oxide layers and PtMn-based specular spin valves and heads (2002)

Nano-oxide layers and relevant spin valves have been investigated. Morphology observation shows that the nano-oxide layers are adequate for current spin valves as thin, dense, and uniform specular reflection layers to enhance scattering of electrons at interfaces. Large enhancement of /spl Delta/R/R (/spl sim/16% with a /spl Delta/R/spl sim/3.7 /spl Omega//sq) has been achieved with the help of specular reflection. Both full film and read heads data demonstrated thermally stable magnetic performance. Addition of nano-oxide layers does not compromise head ESD robustness. Readers with nano-oxide layers show amplitude sensitivity of up to 10 mV//spl mu/m and are suitable for >50 Gb/in/sup 2/ recording applications.
<i>Isatis canescens</i> is a rich source of glucobrassicin and other health‐promoting compounds (2014)

I. canescens flower buds represent a naturally rich source of GBS, at a level suitable for its purification. Furthermore, flower bud consumption could provide an intake of health-promoting compounds, with possible antioxidant and chemopreventive properties.
Carbon nanostructures: An efficient hydrogen storage medium for fuel cells (2001)

In the push for renewable energy and cleaner fuels, hydrogen is a ideal candidate — at least, when the issues of how it can be stored safely and cheaply are resolved. This article examines the current research focus of industry and research institutions alike on the utilization of carbon nanostruMures as a hydrogen storage medium. However, the outcome of experimental results to date indicates anything but a clear path to fuel cells based on hydrogen stored in carbon nanostructures. Although the concept seemed promising at the outset, a review of publications in a project sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Education & Research (BMBF) in Germany has been unable to reproduce any of the high-capacity results. In view of today's knowledge, it is unlikely that carbon nanostructures can store the required amount of hydrogen. In any case, this calls into doubt whether carbon nanostructures would have any advantage over high-pressure tank storage.
The mode of action of a new antitumor antibiotic, sporamycin. (1979)

Sporamycin, an antitumor antibiotic, primarily inhibited DNA synthesis, while RNA and protein synthesis were not significantly affected in HeLa S3 cells. The antibiotic also caused strand scission of cellular DNA. However, the effects were not observed when the cells were incubated at 0°C before washing and subsequently incubated at 37°C. The Tm of calf thymus DNA decreased when incubated with sporamycin in vitro. Sporamycin didnot affect DNA synthesis in vitro catalyzed by partially purified DNA polymerase α, β, and γ derived from EHRLICH ascites cells.
Ferricyanide oxidation of 1-substituted pentaphenylpyridinium salts. A novel route to 1-substituted 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylpyrroles (1989)

Oxidation of 1-substituted 2,3,4,5,6-pentaphenylpyridinium salts Ia-Ij by potassium ferricyanide in an alkaline medium yields the corresponding 1-substituted 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylpyrroles in 68 to 76% yields. The selectivity of the reaction is discussed.
Syntheseversuche in der Griseofulvinreihe. 2. Mitteilung. Abwandlungen im Ring C von Griseofulvin (1960)

Abstract The two oxygen containing functional groups in ring C of both griseofulvin (I) and isogriseofulvin (II) have been eliminated. In both cases the same optically active monoketone X has been obtained.
Intestinal Flora of the Medicinal Leech Hirudinaria Manillensis (1994)

Medicinal leeches are widely used to treat venous congestion in microvascular surgery. Aeromonas hydrophila infection, following application of the leech species Hirudo medicinalis, is a recognized complication. Administration of antibiotics directed at Aeromonas has been successful in minimizing complications of infection from this organism. A different leech species, Hirudinaria manillensis, has recently been introduced for microsurgical use. A study of the enteric content of 30 of these leeches showed that Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in only 20 percent of animals, while the majority of remaining positive cultures were single and mixed gram-negative rods. All organisms isolated were sensitive to current recommended coverage for Aeromonas hydrophila. This study suggests that the enteric flora of different leech species may be variable and should be carefully characterized, to direct appropriate prophylactic therapy prior to release of new species for clinical use.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines Through Decarboxylative Photocyclization. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stem Cells: Biologics for Regeneration (2008)

Degenerative diseases are a growing epidemic. Pharmacotherapy aimed at treating the root cause of these diseases, namely, progressive cell destruction and irreversible loss of tissue function, is largely lacking. The disease burden creates an ever-growing need for the development of effective therapies that can repair underlying pathobiology and restore native cellular architecture and organ function. Regenerative pharmacology offers a new frontier for medical therapy. Research and development of stem cell–based biologics aims to establish progenitor cells as effective and safe drugs for achieving structural and functional therapeutic repair in practice.



Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2008); 84, 5, 620–623 doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.146
Interface formation of two- and three-dimensionally bonded materials in the case of GeTe–Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> superlattices (2015)

GeTe-Sb2Te3 superlattices are nanostructured phase-change materials which are under intense investigation for non-volatile memory applications. They show superior properties compared to their bulk counterparts and significant efforts exist to explain the atomistic nature of their functionality. The present work sheds new light on the interface formation between GeTe and Sb2Te3, contradicting previously proposed models in the literature. For this purpose [GeTe(1 nm)-Sb2Te3(3 nm)]15 superlattices were grown on passivated Si(111) at 230 °C using molecular beam epitaxy and they have been characterized particularly with cross-sectional HAADF scanning transmission electron microscopy. Contrary to the previously proposed models, it is found that the ground state of the film actually consists of van der Waals bonded layers (i.e. a van der Waals heterostructure) of Sb2Te3 and rhombohedral GeSbTe. Moreover, it is shown by annealing the film at 400 °C, which reconfigures the superlattice into bulk rhombohedral GeSbTe, that this van der Waals layer is thermodynamically favored. These results are explained in terms of the bonding dimensionality of GeTe and Sb2Te3 and the strong tendency of these materials to intermix. The findings debate the previously proposed switching mechanisms of superlattice phase-change materials and give new insights in their possible memory application.
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH ON CALCIUM MAGNESIUM ACETATE - AN ALTERNATIVE DEICER (1984)

The importance of snow and ice control on highways and the advantages of a clear pavement cannot be overstated. In addition to greatly reducing highway accidents and fatalities, keeping the roads clear has benefited the American economy by allowing the movement of people and goods. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and State highway and transportation departments are investigating the complete laboratory and field deicing, environmental, and economic effects of using calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), the most logical alternative to salt presently available. FHWA-sponsored research to identify alternative deicers shows that CMA is potentially less polluting and corrosive than salt.
Beschreibung der Versuche (1966)

Die Durchführung der Versuche erfolgte stets nach dem gleichen Prinzip. Daher wird ein typischer Versuch beschrieben : In einem Quarzgefäß mit Gaseinleitungsund Gasableitungsrohr, Heiz- bzw. Kühlschlange und Thermometer (vgl. Abb. 16, S. 76) werden 3 g n-Undecen-(1) (19,45 mMol, 95 Mol-%) mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 3 mg eingewogen. Mit Hilfe eines Umlaufthermostaten wird das Olefin unter Einleiten von Argon (ca. 3l/ Std.) auf die Reaktionstemperatur gebracht. Das Thermometer wird abgenommen und 0,372 g Fe2(CO)9 (1,023 mMol, 5 Mol-%) zugegeben. Das Thermometer wird wieder aufgesetzt und eine Blende aus Asbestpappe, die nur den mit dem Olefin/Metallcarbonyl-Gemisch gefüllten Teil des Gefäßes frei läßt, vor das Quarzgefäß gesetzt. Die bereits brennende Quarzlampe (Q 700, Quarzlampenfabrik Hanau) wird soweit an die Blende herangeschoben, daß der Abstand zwischen Brenner und Gefäß 14 cm beträgt. Wegen der Wärmeausstrahlung der Quarzlampe muß die Thermostatfflüssigkeit jetzt abgekühlt werden, damit die Temperatur im Reaktionsgefäß konstant bleibt. Nach einer Stunde ist die Reaktion beendet. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird sofort mit 25 ccm n-Hexan in eine auf -20 °C abgekühlte Kühlfalle mit Fritte gespült. Die Blindwerte werden auf die gleiche Weise in einem verdunkelten Abzug durchgeführt. Zusätze (Lösungsmittel, Amine oder Phosphine) werden dem Olefin vor Zugabe des Metallcarbonyls beigegeben. Für jeden Versuch werden 3 g n-Undecen verwendet.
Performance study of mesh restoration (2005)

We perform a sensitivity analysis of shared mesh restoration times. Through extensive simulations, we identify the parameters that have the most impact on the overall restoration times.
Rapid Detection of Salmonella in Bovine Lymph Nodes Using a Commercial Real-Time PCR (2013)

Rapid Salmonella detection is needed to help prevent the distribution of contaminated food products. Using traditional culture methods, Salmonella detection can take up to 3-5 days. Using an improved protocol and a commercial real-time PCR system, we have shortened the detection time to less than 24 hr with comparable sensitivity and specificity to traditional Salmonella culture methods.
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: Report of a case and review of the English-language literature (1985)

B-cell lymphomas may involve the skin late in the course of the disease, but only infrequently have primary presentation in the skin. The cutaneous lesions are red-to-violaceous nodules, most often located on the head and neck. Most patients have been treated with radiation alone or combined with surgical excision of the tumors or systemic chemotherapy. In general, patient survival has been poor. The authors report a case of B-cell lymphoma initially confined to the skin and review the clinical characteristics of these lymphomas as reported in the English-language literature.
Synthesis and characterization of Ge nanocrystals immersed in amorphous SiOx matrix (1999)

Germanium nanocrystals immersed in amorphous SiOx matrix have been synthesized by r.f. co-sputter deposition of Ge and quartz with post-growth annealing at 600–900 °C. The structures of the Ge nanocrystals and SiOx matrix have been studied with x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and XPS depth profiling. Broad-band photoluminescence spectra have been observed from samples annealed at temperatures higher than 600 °C. Possible photoluminescence mechanisms have also been discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encaminamiento adaptativo en redes ad hoc mediante el algoritmo ant colony optimization (2008)

Este documento presenta un cambio de perspectiva a la hora de disenar protocolos de encaminamiento
en redes Ad Hoc. Dichas redes tienen la caracteristica de presentar una topologia dinamica, este hecho obliga
a derivar un numero de recursos elevado a capturar el estado de la red, la topologia, para poder realizar un
calculo de rutas optimo. Se adopta una vision mas global que no trata exclusivamente de una busqueda de
rutas optimas si no de una optimizacion de recursos de la red.
La primera parte del documento consiste en un analisis teorico del problema, las implicaciones de un
cambio de metrica a la hora de evaluar las rutas y la informacion minima necesaria para efectuar un buen
encaminamiento. El estudio teorico previo se incorpora a una propuesta de encaminamiento mediante una
modificacion del algoritmo Ant Colony Optimization.
[ABSTRACT]
This document shows a new perspective for the design of routing protocols in Ad Hoc Networks. Due to their
dynamic topology it is necessary to use too many recurses to study the status in order to get the optimum
route. A more global vision is adapted for dealing with not only to find the optimum route, but also to
improve the network resource performance.
On first place a theoretical analysis of the problem will be taken, dealing with the consequences of a
metric change while evaluating the routes and the minimum information necessaries to get a good route.
The previous result is then argumented with a routing proposal based on a revised Ant Colony Optimization
algorithm.
An Economic Evaluation of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Dutch Military Personnel (1998)

We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination regimens using a mathematical simulation model. Passive immunization and two active vaccination strategies (with and without prior screening) were compared with “doing nothing.” Hepatitis A antibodies were determined in 2,325 Dutch marines; other input data were retrieved from published and unpublished sources. The prevalence of hepatitis A antibody was 14%. Screening before vaccination was identified as appropriate at a prevalence > 20%. Passive immunization was the cheapest prevention for a single 6-month deployment per 10 years. The inactivated vaccine containing 1,440 enzymelinked immunosorbent assay units without prior screening was identified as the best option for more frequent deployments. It was cost-saving with two or more missions per 10 years. A 5.3% hepatitis A attack rate validated the investment for this policy. Overall, immunization with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine without prior screening proved to be the optimum strategy for troops at regular risk.
<title>Hybrid vibration control of laminated composite structures using magnetostrictive and hard damping materials</title> (2001)

Smart laminated composites with layers of magnetostrictive and/or piezoelectric materials have been explored for active damping applications. Active vibration control in laminated structures with low inherent damping, may lead to instability. In some other cases like flexible appendages of satellites, design considerations may impose constraints in collocated sensing and actuation in structure which would also cause degradation in system performance if only active control is used. Ideally, both structural damping and active control are desirable to achieve good dynamic performance. Of late, hard ceramic materials with hysteretic stress- strain behavior are used in passive vibration control. Because of high strain dependency of the damping in these materials, especially near the high damping regime, it is possible to enhance the amount of passive damping by active control of strain in the passive layer. Because of the layered structure in laminates, several interesting possibilities for hybrid damping exist and a few of them are proposed and explored in the present study. Smart composites are magnetostrictive (Terfenol-D) layers and strain dependent ceramic and/or ferroelectric Passive Damping (PD) layers are considered. The damping achieved in the PD layers is controlled by varying their location and/or the amount of gain in the active controller. Both frequency and time domain studies are carried out to investigate the performance of proposed hybrid damping systems. Simulations using recently developed smart beam elements are carried out to investigate the performance of proposed hybrid damping systems. Simulations using recently developed smart beam elements are carried out on laminates with several configurations of active and passive layers. The simulation brings out the significance and the exploitation of strain dependency of passive damping on the overall damping of the hybrid system.
High-Velocity Flow in Porous Media (1995)

Summary High-velocity gas flow causes a pressure drop greater than that predicted by Darcy's law. This subject has been addressed from a theoretical and an experimental standpoint. The purpose of this paper is to summarize previous literature on this phenomenon and to clarify recent misconceptions that have arisen. Additional flow experiments have been made and analyzed to support the conclusions of this work.
A statistical trap in the evaluation of visual field decay (1985)

Computerized perimetry has made it possible to evaluate quantitatively the visual field decay in glaucoma and other cases. The performance fluctuates with considerable amplitude and therefore the heart of the matter concerns the detection of a signal in presence of noise. How insufficient number of observations and uncautious sampling may result in false conclusions as to the effect of therapy etc is described in the present paper.
A simple and asymptotically tight upper bound on the symbol error probability of adaptive antennas with optimum combining (2003)

We derive a simple closed-form upper bound on the symbol error probability for coherent detection of M-ary PSK using an array of antennas with optimum combining. We assume multiple equal-power cochannel interferers and thermal noise in a Rayleigh fading environment. The new bound applies for an arbitrary number of antenna elements as well as arbitrary number of interferers, and it is proved to be asymptotically tight. Based on the simplicity of the bound, the signal-to-noise ratio penalty due to cochannel interference is evaluated. Comparisons with simulation is also provided, showing that our bound is useful in a large number of practical interesting cases.
Einleitung (1956)

Jeder Körper — sowohl im festen, flüssigen als auch im gasförmigen Zustand — sendet infolge seiner Temperatur eine Wellenstrahlung aus. Diese Wellenstrahlung läßt sich in das Spektrum der elektromagnetischen Wellen einordnen. Alle Strahlungsgattungen, die gemeinsam das elektro-magnetische Spektrum bilden (elektrische oder Hertzsche Wellen, Ultrarotstrahlung, sichtbares Licht, Ultraviolett-, Röntgen- und Gammastrahlung), sind wesensgleich, unterliegen dem gleichen Mechanismus der Wellenausbreitung im Raum und unterscheiden sich lediglich quantitativ durch ihre Wellenlänge λ bzw. Frequenz v (Anzahl der Schwingungen pro Sekunde) gemäß der für jede Wellenbewegung gültigen Beziehung $$\nu \, \cdot \,\lambda = c.$$
Realization of synchronization tools and their efficiency in the multiprocessor system M5Ps (1982)

One reason for development of parallel processor systems is to increase the performance or the ratio between performance and cost to overcome the limits of a sequential single processor system. This is possible because many important applications (matrix manipulation, image processing, process control) can be solved by a set of widely independent processes. Normally these processes must be synchronized at some points in order to exchange information or to guarantee a consistent computation. This synchronization and communication reduce the possible speed-up of a parallel algorithm execution. Therefore it is necessary to implement efficient synchronization tools in a multiprocessor system. In the multiprocessor system M5Ps the solution of the synchronization problem is organized in several layers and realized by hardware and software. In the MIMD-operating mode it can be achieved by the two abstract data types lock (realized by hardware), and semaphore (realized by the operating system). In the SIMD-operating mode all processors are synchronized before each instruction. After a data dependent branch, two sets of processors can operate in SIMD- and MIMD-mode simultaneously, and join later again. 4 references.
N,S-Dimethyldithiocarbamyl oxalates as precursors for determining kinetic parameters for oxyacyl radicals (2014)

N,S-Dimethyldithiocarbamyl oxalates (e.g.6, 10) are novel, readily prepared precursors to alkyloxyacyl radicals 1 that are more suitable for kinetic studies than existing precursors; 10 has allowed the determination of accurate rate data for the cyclization of the butenyloxyacyl radical 5 (kc = 1.2 × 10(7) s(-1) at 21 °C).
A third-order complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor sigma-delta modulator operating between 4.2 K and 300 K (2012)

This paper presents a third-order switched-capacitor sigma-delta modulator implemented in a standard 0.35-μm CMOS process. It operates from 300 K down to 4.2 K, achieving 70.8 dB signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) in a signal bandwidth of 5 kHz with a sampling frequency of 500 kHz at 300 K. The modulator utilizes an operational transconductance amplifier in its loop filter, whose architecture has been optimized in order to eliminate the cryogenic anomalies below the freeze-out temperature. At 4.2 K, the modulator achieves 67.7 dB SNDR consuming 21.17 μA current from a 3.3 V supply.