gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Decreases the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (1995)

The atherogenic effects of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may be mediated, in part, by its effect(s) on endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO). To determine whether LDL can modulate NO production by changing NO synthase expression, we treated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with increasing concentrations of native or oxidized LDL (0-100 micrograms/ml) for various durations (0-72 h). Oxidized, but not native LDL caused a time-dependent decrease in steady-state NO synthase mRNA levels. This coincided with a maximal 56% decrease in NOS activity was determined by [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline conversion. In the presence of actinomycin D, treatment with oxidized LDL reduced the half-life of NO synthase mRNA from 36 to 10 h. This decrease in NO synthase mRNA correlated with the degree of LDL oxidation and was attenuated by pretreatment with cycloheximide. Nuclear run-off studies showed a biphasic transcriptional pattern of NO synthase gene with an initial 25% decrease during the first 6 h followed by a maximal 2.2-fold increase over baseline during the subsequent 18 h. These results indicate that oxidized LDL regulates endothelial NOS expression through a combination of early transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional mRNA destabilization.
An LMI approach for stability analysis of nonlinear systems (1997)

This paper presents a constructive method for showing stability of nonlinear systems consisting of state-dependent weighted linear systems. This kind of system representation is common in for instance fuzzy systems or when local linear models of a nonlinear system are weighted together. Stability is shown by joining multiple local quadratic Lyapunov functions properly in the state space. The stability conditions are formulated as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem. Hence, these can be verified efficiently by computerized methods.
Operation of a Solid-State Quantum-Mechanical Amplifier (1958)

The operation of an $S$-band solid-state quantum-mechanical amplifier operated at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with a computed noise temperature of less than 4.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is compared with similar devices and is used as proof of the condition of discrete phonon saturation which has been previously postulated.
Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids (1998)

Oleanolic acid (1) was identified as an anti-HIV principle from several plants, including Rosa woodsii (leaves), Prosopis glandulosa (leaves and twigs), Phoradendron juniperinum (whole plant), Syzygium claviflorum (leaves), Hyptis capitata (whole plant), and Ternstromia gymnanthera (aerial part). It inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected H9 cells with an EC50 value of 1.7 microg/mL, and inhibited H9 cell growth with an IC50 value of 21.8 microg/mL [therapeutic index (T. I.) 12.8]. Pomolic acid, isolated from R. woodsii and H. capitata, was also identified as an anti-HIV agent (EC50 1.4 microg/mL, T. I. 16.6). Although ursolic acid did show anti-HIV activity (EC50 2.0 microg/mL), it was slightly toxic (IC50 6.5 microg/mL, T. I. 3.3). A new triterpene (11) was also isolated from the CHCl3-soluble fraction of R. woodsii, though it showed no anti-HIV activity. The structure of 11 was determined to be 1beta-hydroxy-2-oxopomolic acid by spectral examination. Based on these results, we examined the anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid- or pomolic acid-related triterpenes isolated from several plants. In addition, we previously demonstrated that derivatives of betulinic acid, isolated from the leaves of S. claviflorum as an anti-HIV principle, exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity. Accordingly, we prepared derivatives of oleanolic acid and evaluated their anti-HIV activity. Among the oleanolic acid derivatives, 18 demonstrated most potent anti-HIV activity, with an EC50 value of 0. 0005 microg/mL and a T. I. value of 22 400.
Murine Models of<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>Infection and Atherosclerosis (1997)

Chlamydia pneumoniae have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions but not in normal arteries. An animal model of both C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis is needed to investigate the role of the organism in atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop atherosclerosis, and C57BL/6J mice, which only develop atherosclerosis on an atherogenic diet, were evaluated. Following single and multiple intranasal inoculations of apoE-deficient transgenic mice, C. pneumoniae were detected in lung, aorta, and spleen for 20 weeks after inoculation in 25%-100% of mice. In the aorta, C. pneumoniae were detected within the atherosclerotic lesion. In C57BL/6J mice on a nonatherogenic diet, C. pneumoniae were detected in the aorta only 2 weeks after a single intranasal inoculation in 8% of mice. The persistence of C. pneumoniae in atheromas suggests a tropism of C. pneumoniae to the lesion. These mouse models should be useful for studying the pathogenic role of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerosis.
The neutral, hydrophobic isoleucine at position I521 in the extracellular S4 domain of hERG contributes to channel gating equilibrium (2013)

The human ether-a-go-go related (hERG) potassium channel has unusual functional characteristics in that the rates of channel activation and deactivation are much slower than inactivation, which is attributed to specific structural elements within the NH2 terminus and the S1-S4 voltage-sensing domains (VSD). Although the charged residues in the VSD have been extensively modified and mutated as a result, the role and importance of specific hydrophobic residues in the S4 has been much less explored in studies of hERG gating. We found that charged, but not neutral or hydrophobic, amino acid substitution of isoleucine 521 at the outer end of the S4 transmembrane domain resulted in channels activating at much more negative voltages associated with a marked hyperpolarization of the conductance-voltage (G-V) relationship. The contributions of different physicochemical properties to this effect were probed by chemical modification of channels substituted with cysteine at position I521. When positively charged reagents including tetramethyl-rhodamine-5-maleimide (TMRM), 1-(2-maleimidylethyl)-4-[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-2-yl] pyridinium methane-sulfonate (PyMPO), [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate chloride (MTSET), and 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate hydrobromide (MTSEA) were bound to the cysteine, I521C channels activated at more negative membrane potentials. To examine the contributions to hERG gating of other residues at the outer end of S4 (520-528), we performed a cysteine scan combined with MTSET modification. Only L520C, along with I521C, shows a substantial hyperpolarizing shift of the G-V relationship upon MTSET modification. The data indicate that the neutral, hydrophobic residue I521 at the extracellular end of S4 is critical for stabilizing the closed conformation of the hERG channel relative to the open state and by comparison with Shaker supports the alignment of hERG I521 with Shaker L361.
A Mutilayer Approach to Epitaxic Growth in Lead Salts (1972)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Sood, J. N. Zemel; A Mutilayer Approach to Epitaxic Growth in Lead Salts. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 January 1972; 9 (1): 234. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1316564 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Identification and Characterization of Mitochondrial Subtypes in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> via Analysis of Individual Mitochondria by Flow Cytometry (2016)

Mitochondrial bioenergetics has been implicated in a number of vital cellular and physiological phenomena, including aging, metabolism, and stress resistance. Heterogeneity of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), which is central to organismal bioenergetics, has been successfully measured via flow cytometry in whole cells but rarely in isolated mitochondria from large animal models. Similar studies in small animal models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), are critical to our understanding of human health and disease but lack analytical methodologies. Here we report on new methodological developments that make it possible to investigate the heterogeneity of Δψ in C. elegans during development and in tissue-specific studies. The flow cytometry methodology described here required an improved collagenase-3-based mitochondrial isolation procedure and labeling of mitochondria with the ratiometric fluorescent probe JC-9. To demonstrate feasibility of tissue-specific studies, we used C. elegans strains expressing blue-fluorescent muscle-specific proteins, which enabled identification of muscle mitochondria among mitochondria from other tissues. This methodology made it possible to observe, for the first time, critical changes in Δψ during C. elegans larval development and provided direct evidence of the elevated bioenergetic status of muscle mitochondria relative to their counterparts in the rest of the organism. Further application of these methodologies can help tease apart bioenergetics and other biological complexities in C. elegans and other small animal models used to investigate human disease and aging.
Traditional versus Blogosphere Information Landscapes: The Case of Diabetes and HbA1c (2013)

This paper compares two information landscapes in relation to an important measurement – glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) – in the management of diabetes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses, including visualizations with lexical maps, facilitate new understandings about peer-reviewed research and the blogosphere in the evolution of physician knowledge and public opinion.Cet article compare deux paysages de l'information en relation avec une mesure importante, l'hémoglobine glyquée (HbA1c), dans la gestion du diabète. Des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives, y compris la visualisation avec cartes lexicales, permettent une nouvelle compréhension de la recherche arbitrée et de la blogosphère dans l'optique de l'évolution des connaissances des médecins et de l'opinion du public.
RESONANCE IN RADIATION EFFECTS. Technical Report No. 1 (1960)

The extent of radiation damage in various compounds due to monochromatic x rays at 5 to 35 kev was investigated. The effects of monochromatic radiation on solid solutions containing CHI/sub 3/, CBr/sub 4/, and C/sub 2/Cl/sub 6/ were studied. The effects of diffracted x radiation and x-ray-fluorescent irradiation on catalase (in solution and dry) were analyzed. The radiation damage produced in the liquid n-butyl bromide system containing diphenylpicylhydrazl by fluorescent x radiation was studied. (C.J.G.)
New Materials with Basic Character for Heterogeneous Catalysis (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Probing electrical activity of single neurons based on ID nanostructures: From extra to intracellular interfacing (2016)

The struggle against neurodegenerative diseases is one of the major challenges in the near future and the global understanding of these diseases goes through a better expertise at the single cell level of basic mechanisms involved in neuronal networks. We need to investigate closer to the cellular material and in this way, miniaturization of electronic components and emergence of nano-biotechnology open new perspectives. Indeed, we are now able to fabricate high sensitive nano-devices to follow neuronal activities. Here, we will present two different approaches to interface neurons, a first one based on a nano-FET for extracellular recordings and a second one using vertical nanowire arrays (nano-electrodes) for intracellular measurements.
Immobility Phenomena and Reverse Driving Phenomena of the Electric Arc (1950)

When an electric arc is driven by a magnetic field, under special conditions, curious phenomena are observed. An electric arc cannot be driven by the magnetic field when it is established at very small gaps between the electrodes. Neither can it be driven by the magnetic field for the instant just after the contacts have been broken. These phenomena are called immobility phenomena. In the present work, the immobility time and the driving velocity of the electric arc were measured under various air pressures. As the air pressure decreases, the immobility time increases and the driving velocity decreases. Under a certain low air pressure, the arc cannot be driven by the magnetic field. When the air pressure is lower than this critical value, the arc can be driven again by the magnetic field; but in this case, the arc moves in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the electromagnetic force. This phenomenon is called the reverse driving phenomenon. The causes for these phenomena are considered.
Protease production by immobilized mycelia of <i>Streptomyces fradiae</i> (1981)

Abstract Streptomyces fradiae was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel prepared from 5% total acrylamide (90% acrylamide and 10% N , N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide). Production of protease by the immobilized mycelia was attempted in a batch system. A dilute medium containing 0.5% starch, 0.5% meat extract, and 0.05% yeast extract was employed. The reusability of the immobilized and washed mycelia was examined. The activity of protease production by washed mycelia was rapidly decreased with increasing use cycles. The activity of the immobilized mycelia increased gradually, and reached a maximum after ten use cycles. Then, the activity gradually decreased with increasing reaction cycles. This might be caused by destruction of the gels. On the other hand, the sterilization of the surface of the immobilized mycelia was effective for elongation of the lifetime. As a result, the half‐life of protease production by the sterilized immobilized mycelia was about 30 days. The rate of protease production by immobilized mycelia was 12,000 U/ml/hr. This value was four times higher than that by submerged culture.
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments with a prototype hybrid pixel detector (2011)

A prototype X-ray pixel area detector (XPAD3.1) has been used for X-ray diffraction experiments with synchrotron radiation. The characteristics of this detector are very attractive in terms of fast readout time, high dynamic range and high signal-to-noise ratio. The prototype XPAD3.1 enabled various diffraction experiments to be performed at different energies, sample-to-detector distances and detector angles with respect to the direct beam, yet it was necessary to perform corrections on the diffraction images according to the type of experiment. This paper is focused on calibration and correction procedures to obtain high-quality scientific results specifically developed in the context of three different experiments, namely mechanical characterization of nanostructured multilayers, elastic–plastic deformation of duplex steel and growth of carbon nanotubes.
052 Exploring the genetic basis of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy: an integrative analysis of large-scale gene expression profiling studies on brain tissue from epilepsy surgery (2012)

The biological processes underlying the development of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy are poorly understood, but multiple interconnected genes and pathways are likely to be involved. At least 12 microarray studies on brain tissue from epilepsy surgery have been performed in order to investigate the causes of epilepsy pharmacoresistance, but they have failed to make a significant impact because (1) doubts have been raised about their reproducibility, (2) only a small number of the gene expression changes found in each microarray study have been independently validated, and (3) the results of different studies have not been integrated to give a coherent picture of the genetic changes involved in epilepsy pharmacoresistance. To overcome these limitations, we (1) assessed the reproducibility of the included microarray studies: we calculated the size of the overlap between lists of differentially regulated genes from pairs of microarray studies and determined if this is greater than would be expected by chance alone, (2) used an inter-study cross-validation technique to simultaneously verify the expression changes of large numbers of genes, (3) used the combined results of the different microarray studies to perform an integrative analysis based on enriched Gene Ontology terms, networks and pathways. Using these techniques, we have respectively (1) demonstrated that there are statistically significant overlaps between the gene expression changes in different publications, (2) simultaneously verified the differential expression of 233 genes, (3) identified the biological processes, networks and genes likely to be most important in the development of pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE DISCRETE MORSE SEMIFLOW(Variational Problems and Related Topics) (1996)

Definition of discrete Morse semiflowsWe treat numerical analysis for an approximate solution of a heat flow related to a minimizing problem of a functional (1.1) below.Our method leads to a new (general) treatment of a numerical analysis for heat flows (See [4]).Moreover, by use of a limit function of this flow, we can obtain a solution of an elliptic problem with better regularity.Let $\Omega(\subset \mathrm{R}^{n})$ be a bounded domain with a smooth boundary $(n\geq 1)$ .Consider a
Analogues of Neurohypophyseal Hormones, Oxytocin and Arginine Vasopressin, Conformationally Restricted in the N-Terminal Part of the Molecule (2006)

It is generally accepted that the conformation of the N-terminal part of neurohypophyseal hormones analogues is important for their pharmacological activity. In this work, we decided to investigate how the substitution of positions 2 and 3 with the ethylene-bridged dipeptide would alter the pharmacological properties of OT, [Mpa1]OT, and [Cpa1]OT (OT=oxytocin; Mpa=3-mercaptopropionic acid; Cpa=1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid) and to investigate how a bulky 3,3-diphenyl-L-alanine residue incorporated in position 2 of AVP, [Mpa1]AVP, and [Cpa1]AVP (AVP=arginine vasopressin) would change the pharmacological profile of the compounds. The next analogues, [Val4]AVP, [Mpa1,Val4]AVP, and [Cpa1,Val4]AVP, had N-benzyl-L-alanine introduced at position 3. The last peptide was designed by Cys1 substitution in AVP by its sterically restricted bulky counterpart, alpha-hydroxymethylcysteine. All the peptides were tested for their in vitro uterotonic, pressor, and antidiuretic activities in the rat. The results of these assays showed that the reduction of conformational freedom of the N-terminal part of the molecule had a significant impact on pharmacological activities.
Free Surface Jet Flow Interaction with a Pelton Bucket (2006)

The various flow phenomena in a Pelton turbine are quite complex and include the interaction of free surface jets with buckets in a rotating frame of reference. As the use of CFD for such flows is rather new it was decided to carry out individual validations of the flow codes for the different flow features. The main focus is the interaction of the jet with the bucket. The flow structures upstream of the jet have a strong influence on the jet shape and direction as well as on the secondary flow structure in the jet. Careful validations proofed that the selected CFD codes are able to compute these flows accurately. Based on this experience the flow of the free surface jet interacting with the buckets has been computed and the results have been compared to experimental data. These comparisons are in good agreement and provide the designer of Pelton turbines with a new insight and data previously not available. Inclusion of CFD flow predictions into the design process of Pelton turbines reduces development time and opens up new opportunities for optimization.
Trust management for social networks (2013)

Inspired by the similarities between human trust and physical measurements, we have proposed a trust framework for social networks, including defining new trust metrics and their combinations, which captures both human trust level and its uncertainty, while being intuitive and user friendly. We show some great advantages of our framework, for example the trust view in an experiment was increased more than 2000 times. Based on our trust framework, we propose several security mechanisms, including filtering information on social networks and increasing the efficiency of advertisement and influence on social networks. Experiments on synthesized and real social networks validate the potential of our trust framework to develop trust based mechanisms for social networks.
Dependence of Crystal Quality on Residual Strain in Strain-Controlled Thin AlN Layer Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1999)

Strain-controlled AlN layers were grown on (0001) 6H–SiC with a (GaN/AlN) buffer layer by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using an alternating-source-feeding technique (ASF). The successful strain and quality control of the thin AlN layer were experimentally demonstrated down to 0.05 µm by changing the growth conditions of the (GaN/AlN) buffer layer. The quality of the AlN layer was evaluated by not only X-ray diffraction (θ-2θ) but an X-ray rocking curve (ω-scan) from the viewpoint of c -axis tilting. The crystal quality was dependent on the residual strain in the AlN layer. The (GaN/AlN)-buffer layer is effective in improving the quality of the AlN layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Researches on Antiviral Agents. Part 31. Synthesis and Transformations of Racemic and Chiral 6‐Oxiranyl Pyrimidinones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data reduction and analysis of the dissolution of copper in chloride solutions (1988)

A mathematical model is presented that calculates the frequency response of a copper rotating disk in chloride solutions accounting for multicomponent diffusion, migration, and convection. The working algorithm uses concentrated-solution theory, incorporating the Stefan-Maxwell transport equations, and accounts for any number of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. The electrochemical impedance is analyzed by examining each contribution of the total cell potential and total current. This gives rise to impedance terms typically neglected in other ac-impedance treatments. Additionally, the faradaic impedance of the copper dissolution system is investigated using a perturbation analysis to split the diffusion layer into inner and outer regions so that the salient features of the problem can be examined separately. Specifically, the effect of finite rates of the homogeneous complexing reaction that follows the electrochemical dissolution reaction is explored. Finally, the perturbation analysis provides a basis for enabling the chemical reaction rate constant to be determined from frequency-response data. 10 refs., 5 figs.