gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Early Bright, Late Bright and Dim Illumination upon Circadian Neuroendocrine, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses (1992)

This study assessed the effects of bright light on biological and behavioral measures to determine if bright light can reduce fatigue and enhance human work performance. Female subjects (N=37) were exposed to one of 3 lighting conditions in a between groups research design. Subjects in the bright light groups were exposed to 5000 lux white light from 1800 hrs to 2400 hrs (Early Bright) or from 2400-0600 hrs (Late Bright from 1800-0600 hrs Dim Red). Blood sample were taken every 90 minutes. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant interaction effect (light x time) for tympanic temperature, (F=3. 339, p=.001). The bright light conditions maintained higher tympanic temperatures from 2300 hrs through 0400 hrs. Plasma melatonin measures indicated a main effects difference of F=4.009, p=.029. Most importantly, the results showed that the light x time of night interaction for melatonin was significant at F=59.436, p=.000. The suppression of plasma melatonin was greatest from 2230 hrs through 0500 hrs in the Early Bright and Late Bright groups. Cortisol was not affected by the ambient lighting conditions. Dim red light resulted in higher scores on the Stanford Sleep Scale from 2400 hrs through 0500 hrs (light x time, F= 2.595, p=.023). Subjects under the bright light conditions performed better on the cognitive measures of Code Substitution accuracy (F=3.918, p=.030) and Column Addition accuracy (F=4.660, p=.017). These data show some improvements in cognitive performance and alertness associated with bright light exposure and occur with changes in tympanic temperature and plasma melatonin at critical time periods.
Spectroscopic properties of porphyrin dimers incorporating phenylenevinylene linkers (2000)

A series of free-base, zinc and mixed free-base-zinc porphyrin dimers were investigated using electrochemistry, electronic absorption, resonance Raman and emission studies. The spectroelectrochemistry of these compounds was also examined. The electronic absorption and resonance Raman data suggest that the two porphyrins in the dimer are behaving as independent chromophores with limited communication. However, emission studies show that energy transfer occurs between the two units. The linking unit is seen to have limited influence on the properties of chromophores.
Waves in anisotropic metamaterials comprised of finite L-C meshes (2005)

2D periodic lattices and finite grids of lumped L-C elements have been investigated to elucidate the mechanisms governing wave phenomena in this kind of metamaterial. Isofrequencies for a lattice unit cell and circuit simulations of finite meshes have shown that such a medium exhibits unusual properties of channeling power from a point source into pencil beams which can propagate only along specific trajectories. The beam direction varies with frequency, and at the resonance frequency /spl omega/ = 1/(LC)/sup 1/2 /, the phase and group velocities of the transmitted wave are orthogonal. It is shown that the channeled beams do not obey the laws of geometrical optics (Snell's law, Brewster angle, etc.) at the skewed interfaces of dissimilar meshes, and that beam scattering is governed by the local conditions of the phase synchronization and impedance matching. Finally a new physical planar L-C mesh unit cell arrangement has been designed and measured.
Tomatosphere - Mission to Mars An Educational Outreach Project for Primary and Secondary Schools (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The concept for Tomatosphere originated in late 1999 and the project held its first formal meeting on February 7, 2000. The project was formally activated when 200,000 Heinz tomato seeds went into space on November 30, 2000, with Canadian astronaut, Dr. Marc Garneau. The seeds were part of an experiment designed to test the effects of short- term space travel on seed germination and interaction with new techniques designed to enhance germination rates. An equal number of seeds stayed behind on Earth and the two lots, space-flown and Earth-bound, were further sub-divided into two treatments using new Infra Red and Red light technology developed at the University of Guelph. The resulting four treatments were packaged and sent to almost 2700 classrooms across Canada, along with posters and a teacher's guide matched to the <i>Pan-Canadian Protocol for Collaboration on School Curriculum</i>, a framework of Science Learning Outcomes developed by the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. The emphasis for the curriculum connections was from grade 3 (plants and soil) to grade six (space).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The project met with an overwhelming response from educators and students. As such, in 2003, the project expanded to involve more than 5 000 classrooms across Canada; the scope of the project was also expanded from the original grade 3 - 6 focus to include grades 8 - 10. The scope of the curriculum in grades 8 - 10 allows for the incorporation of several objectives relative to the ISS mission objectives, the overall concept of humans in space, and the application of knowledge from space programs to the well-being of humankind on Earth.</div>
CEBAF injector achieved world's best beam quality for three simultaneous beam with a wide range of bunch charges (2004)

The CEBAF accelerator provides interleaved 499 MHz electron beams, spanning 5 decades in beam intensity (a few nA to 200 µA), to three experimental halls simultaneously. The physics program became more challenging when the G 0 experiment was approved, requiring more than six times higher bunch charge than is routine. This experiment requires up to 8 million electrons per bunch at a reduced repetition rate of 31 MHz, while the lowest current hall simultaneously receives 100 electrons per bunch. A bunch destined for one hall may experience significant space charge forces, while the next bunch may have negligible space charge. This disparity in beam intensity must be maintained while delivering “best ever” values in rms beam quality, including relative energy spread (<2.5x10 -5 ) and normalized transverse emittance (<1 mm-mrad). Space charge difficulties emerge in the 10m long, 100 keV section of the CEBAF injector during initial bunch formation and spin manipulation. A series of changes was introduced to meet the new requirements, including adding new magnets, replacing photoinjector lasers, modifying typical laser parameters, stabilizing RF systems, and changing standard operating procedures. In this paper, we discuss these modifications in detail, including the agreement between the experimental results and detailed simulations.
Harmonia Axyridis and Wine Quality (2004)

Discusses whether or not Harmonia axyridis, a beetle introduced into the US to control for aphids and other pests, is affecting the aroma and flavor of some wines.
Synthesis and magnetism of mixed valency [N(n-C4H9)4 or P(C6H5)4]Cr II Cr III (C2O4)3 (1995)

Mixed valency compounds ACrIICrIII(C2O4)3[A = N(n-C4H9)4, P(C6H5)4] have been synthesised and characterised structurally and magnetically, the structures consisting of hexagonal layers of Cr bridged by C2O42–; although short range antiferromagnetic correlations are observed below 100 K no transition to a long range ordered state is observed above 2 K.
Generative Adversarial Registration for Improved Conditional Deformable\n Templates (2021)

Deformable templates are essential to large-scale medical image registration,\nsegmentation, and population analysis. Current conventional and deep\nnetwork-based methods for template construction use only regularized\nregistration objectives and often yield templates with blurry and/or\nanatomically implausible appearance, confounding downstream biomedical\ninterpretation. We reformulate deformable registration and conditional template\nestimation as an adversarial game wherein we encourage realism in the moved\ntemplates with a generative adversarial registration framework conditioned on\nflexible image covariates. The resulting templates exhibit significant gain in\nspecificity to attributes such as age and disease, better fit underlying\ngroup-wise spatiotemporal trends, and achieve improved sharpness and\ncentrality. These improvements enable more accurate population modeling with\ndiverse covariates for standardized downstream analyses and easier anatomical\ndelineation for structures of interest.\n
On the Theory of Primitive Rings (1947)

In a recent paper2 we have called a ring 2 primitive if 2 contains a maximal right ideal a such that the quotient (a: W) = (0). The quotient (: 1) is defined to be the largest two-sided ideal of 21 that satisfies the condition 21(a: 21) C a. Thus if 21lias an identity, (a: 21) is the largest two-sided ideal of 21 contained in a. Primitive rings appear to play a role in the general structure theory of rings analogous to that played by simple rings in the Wedderburn-Artin theory. Primitive rings are also fundamental in general representation theory since it is known that a necessary and sufficient condition that a ring 21 be primitive is that 21 be isomorphic to an irreducible ring W of endomorphisms in a commutative group T. If 2 is irreducible in T and Zi is the division ring of endomorphisms commutative with the elements of A, then R is a dense ring of linear transformations in T regarded as a vector space over Z.3 We shall call 2 a left primitive ring if 2 contains a maximal left ideal a' such that the quotient (}': 21)l = (0). Here (s': 2) 1 is the largest two-sided ideal in 2 having the property (a': 21)1 21 C a'. Evidently, a ring is left primitive if and only if it is anti-isomorphic to an irreducible ring of endomorphisms. It is an open question whether or not a primitive ring is necessarily left primitive. This is indeed the case if 2 contains minimal ideals. In many other respects the theory of primitive rings that contain minimal ideals constitutes the most satisfactory part of the theory of primitive rings. An appropriate tool for studying rings of this type is a generalization of the duality theory previously used by Dieudonn6 in studying simple rings that possess minimal ideals.4 In this note we develop this generalization of Dieudonn6's results. We also investigate certain natural topologies that can be defined in any primitive ring.
Dynamic Speed Limits and On-Ramp Metering for IVHS using Model Predictive Control (2008)

We consider traffic management and control approaches for intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS), which consist of interacting intelligent vehicles and intelligent roadside controllers. The vehicles are organized in platoons with short intraplatoon distances, and larger distances between platoons. All vehicles are assumed to be fully automated, i.e., throttle, braking, and steering commands are determined by an automated on-board controller. We consider both dynamic speed limit control for the platoons in the IVHS and access control at the on-ramps using ramp metering. We propose a model-based predictive control (MPC) approach to determine appropriate speed limits and release times at the on-ramps for the platoons. The proposed approach is also applied to a simple simulation example in which the aim is to minimize the total time all vehicles spend in the network by optimally assigning dynamic speed limits and on-ramp release times.
Imaging Theory For The Scanning Optical Microscope (1989)

The confocal scanning optical microscope (CSOM) has the major advantages over the standard microscope that it has extremely good range resolution and cross-sectioning capability, somewhat better transverse resolution, and is well adapted to quantitative measurements. The basic reason for the cross-sectioning capability is that the objective lens is illuminated from a collimated beam, as shown in Fig. la, which focuses the beam to a small spot on the object. The light reflected from the object then returns back through the objective lens and a beamsplitter, and is focused to illuminate a pinhole in front of the detector. The beam is defocused by moving the object out of the focal plane. Light at the pinhole is defocused and very little light gets back to the detector. Typically, with a large aperture lens, the 3 dB points of the response are of the order of 500 nm apart.
Discrete One-Bit Precoding for Massive MIMO. (2019)

Multi-User (MU) massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems are seen as one of the most promising ways to improve wireless communications. In order to prevent an excessive increase in power consumption, nonlinear one-bit precoding methods are gaining interest recently. In this work, we present a new nonlinear precoding technique, which mitigates all quantization distortions in the example of Phase-Shift-Keying (PSK). The underlying optimization problem is based on maximizing the safety margin to the decision thresholds of the receiver constellation modulation. The resulting performance gain in comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms is shown in terms of the uncoded Bit Error Ratio (BER) over the transmit power for different number of constellation points and different ratios of antennas to users.
Loss of Endothelial Surface Expression of E-Selectin in a Patient With Recurrent Infections (1999)

Neutrophil accumulation at sites of inflammation is mediated by specific groups of cell adhesion molecules including the beta2 (CD18) integrins on leukocytes and the selectins (P- and E-selectin on the endothelium and L-selectin on the leukocyte). This is supported by studies of patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes whose leukocytes are genetically deficient in the expression of beta2 integrins or selectin carbohydrate ligands (eg, sialyl-Lewis(x)). However, inherited deficiency or dysfunction of endothelial cell adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment has not been previously described. In this report we describe a child with recurrent infections and clinical evidence of impaired pus formation reminiscent of a leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, but whose neutrophils were functionally normal and expressed normal levels of CD18, L-selectin, and sialyl-Lewis(x). In contrast, immunohistochemical staining of inflamed tissue from the patient showed the absence of E-selectin from the endothelium, although E-selectin mRNA was present. However, E-selectin protein was expressed as significantly elevated levels of circulating soluble E-selectin were detected, the molecular size of which was consistent with a proteolytically cleaved form of E-selectin. Gene sequencing failed to show evidence of a secreted mutant variant. These data represent, to our knowledge, the first description of a potentially inherited dysfunction of an endothelial cell adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte recruitment and provide additional human evidence of the importance of endothelial selectins in the inflammatory response.
High resolution 3-Dimensional imaging of the human cardiac conduction system from microanatomy to mathematical modeling (2017)

Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are accompanied by structural remodelling of the specialised cardiomyocytes known collectively as the cardiac conduction system. Here, using contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography, we present, in attitudinally appropriate fashion, the first 3-dimensional representations of the cardiac conduction system within the intact human heart. We show that cardiomyocyte orientation can be extracted from these datasets at spatial resolutions approaching the single cell. These data show that commonly accepted anatomical representations are oversimplified. We have incorporated the high-resolution anatomical data into mathematical simulations of cardiac electrical depolarisation. The data presented should have multidisciplinary impact. Since the rate of depolarisation is dictated by cardiac microstructure, and the precise orientation of the cardiomyocytes, our data should improve the fidelity of mathematical models. By showing the precise 3-dimensional relationships between the cardiac conduction system and surrounding structures, we provide new insights relevant to valvar replacement surgery and ablation therapies. We also offer a practical method for investigation of remodelling in disease, and thus, virtual pathology and archiving. Such data presented as 3D images or 3D printed models, will inform discussions between medical teams and their patients, and aid the education of medical and surgical trainees.
NASA/American Cancer Society high-resolution flow cytometry project - III. Multiparametric analysis of DNA content and electronic nuclear volume in human solid tumors (2000)

NPE analysis provides unique measuring capabilities for the study of human solid tumors by flow cytometry.
Studies of urohemin I in aqueous solution. Thermodynamics of self-association and electronic properties of two species detected by proton NMR spectroscopy (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of urohemin I in aqueous solution. Thermodynamics of self-association and electronic properties of two species detected by proton NMR spectroscopyJames D. Satterlee and John A. ShelnuttCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 23, 5487–5492Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150667a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j150667a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Millifluidics: Developing a Millifluidic Platform for the Synthesis of Ultrasmall Nanoclusters: Ultrasmall Copper Nanoclusters as a Case Study (Small 5/2012) (2012)

The image features the concept of a millifluidic platform for the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials–an alternative to difficult-to-fabricate, expensive, and complex microfluidic reactors. The millifluidic platform offers a transformative approach, which should jump-start the commercialization of lab-on-a-chip devices for the large-scale production of nanomaterials; it enables better control over size and the ability to probe reactions in situ. Ultrasmall copper nanoclusters are synthesized with the help of ligands in the system, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) investigations confirm the possibility of atomically precise control.
Modulation and vectorial summation of the spinalized frog's hindlimb end-point force produced by intraspinal electrical stimulation of the cord (2001)

The ability to produce various force patterns at the ankle by microstimulation of the gray matter of the spinal cord was investigated in spinalized frogs. We evaluated the recruitment properties of individual spinal sites and found that forces increase linearly with activation level in the low-force range studied, while the structure of the force pattern remains invariant. We also measured the responses produced by coactivation of two spinal sites activated at two pairs of stimulation levels. Responses were measured at the mechanical level by recording forces at the ankle; and, at the muscular level by recording the electromyographic (EMG) activity of 11 hindlimb muscles. We found that for both pairs of activation, the forces under coactivation were the scaled vectorial summation of the individual responses. At the muscular level, rectified and integrated EMGs also summated during coactivation. Numerous force patterns could, thus, be created by the activation of a few individual sites. These results suggest that microstimulation of the circuitry of the spinal cord (higher order neurons than the motoneurons) holds promise as a new functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) technique for the restoration of multi-joint movements.
Anomalous polarization of elastic waves in transversely isotropic media (1985)

The behavior of transversely isotropic elastic media is analyzed from both the kinematic (slowness surface) and dynamic (particle displacement) point of view. The relations for the slowness surfaces and wave front surfaces are derived in polar coordinates. Examination of the eigenvectors of the displacement equations of motion gives the relation for the polarization of the displacement vector associated with any plane wave. It is shown that the polarization of plane quasi-P and quasi-SV waves depends strongly on the sign of a particular elastic modulus, call it A, whereas the shape of the slowness surface is independent of the sign of A. When A is positive, which is the usual case, the particle displacement vector rotates in the same sense as the slowness vector. When A is negative, which is the “anomalous” case, the sense of rotation of the particle displacement vector is opposite to that of the slowness vector. Thus there is a direction in the medium for which the displacement vector associated with the quasi-P sheet of the slowness surface is perpendicular to the slowness vector and that associated with the quasi-SV sheet is parallel to the slowness vector. For both sheets the angle between the slowness vector and the displacement assumes all angles between 0 and π/2. This case even includes media that are “nearly” kinematically isotropic, i.e., characterized by spherical wave fronts emanating from point sources.
On new families of integral transforms for the solution of partial differential equations (2005)

The integral transform method, associated with operatorial techniques, can be often applied in order to construct solutions of initial value problems for partial differential equations. In this article, we apply these techniques, introducing suitable families of special functions, in order to derive a very efficient procedure for obtaining solutions of particular families of evolution-type problems.
Solubilization of Water and Water-Soluble Compounds in Triglycerides (1991)

A water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion was chosen as the delivery system for water soluble nutrients, and flavors in foods. An ingestible, co-surfactant free system, with no off-taste or change in performance is described. Commercially available food surfactants are evaluated based on their structures and performance in solubilizing water in the high triglyceride concentration range (above 90%). The conditions needed to form such a microemulsion with minimum surfactant amounts are discussed.