gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Choline metabolism in cancer: implications for diagnosis and therapy (2006)

Magnetic resonance studies from the last 10 years have conclusively demonstrated that choline metabolism is altered in a wide variety of cancers. In cancer, the choline metabolite profile is characterized by an elevation of phosphocholine and total choline-containing compounds. This elevation is increasingly being used as an endogenous biomarker of cancer. Importantly, the enzymes and pathways resulting in these distinct alterations in phosphocholine and total choline may provide novel molecular targets for specific, targeted anticancer therapies. In this article, we have summarized some of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography techniques that are currently available, or will be in the near future, for choline metabolism-based diagnosis, staging and therapy assessment in cancer patients. This review also outlines currently known molecular alterations that cause the aberrant choline metabolite profile in cancers and concludes with a summary of recent research findings that may, in the future, lead to novel anticancer therapies targeting choline metabolism.
Inhibition of intracellular proteolysis in muscle cultures by multiplication-stimulating activity (1984)

The effects of the insulin-like growth factor, multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), on chick myotube cultures are studied. The results indicate that MSA is an effective anabolic agent regulating protein metabolism and amino acid uptake, but not sugar transport. Similar size effects on protein metabolism and amino acid uptake in serum-free media were observed in parallel studies with insulin, although insulin levels well in excess of the normal physiological range are required to produce significant effects. It is suggested that there is a generally low insulin sensitivity in cultured chick myotubes relative to adult tissues.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE METHODE ZUM ABBAU DER KOHLENSTOFFKETTE ORGANISCHER CARBONSAEUREN UND IHRER DERIVATE (1973)

Abstract Caprinsäureäthylester (I) liefert mit Phenylmagnesiumbromid das Carbinol (II), das zum 1,1‐Diphenyl‐1‐decen (III) dehydratisiert wird.
Comparison of experimental and numerical results for transient electromagnetic fields induced on a scale model aircraft by current-injection technique (2003)

A scale model of the Transall C160 military aircraft, 1/10 of the actual, was installed above a large copper ground plate and connected to it. The entry point at the nose was hard-wire connected to a 12- mu F/5-kV capacitor bank, and the current pulse launch was made using a triggered atmospheric-pressure spark gap. The exit point at the tail or at the left wing tip, depending on the configuration, was connected to the ground plate via an 80- Omega waveshaping resistor. The transient electromagnetic fields on the outer skin of the model were measured using D-dot and B-dot sensors. Three D-dot sensors were mounted on the forward upper fuselage, on the top and the bottom of the left wing. Two B-dot sensors were mounted on the forward upper fuselage and on the top of the left wing. The current was also measured using three i-dot sensors mounted on the nose boom, on the left wing tip, and on the tail boom. A comparison of experimental and computed electromagnetic fields on the scale model was performed for two experimental configurations of current injection: nose to tail and nose to left wing. As shown for one typical case, all the data were predicted with excellent frequency agreement and very good amplitude agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2B and Hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) is one of the major brain phosphatases and can dephosphorylate tau at several phosphorylation sites in vitro. Previous studies that measured PP2B activity in human brain crude extracts showed that PP2B activity was either unchanged or decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. These results led to the speculation that PP2B might regulate tau phosphorylation and that a down-regulation of PP2B might contribute to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau. In this study, we immunoprecipitated PP2B from brains of six AD subjects and seven postmortem- and age-matched controls and then measured the phosphatase activity. We found a three-fold increase in PP2B activity in AD brain as compared with control brains. The activation was due to the partial cleavage of PP2B by calpain I that was activated in AD brain. The truncation of PP2B appeared to alter its intracellular distribution in the brain. In human brains, PP2B activity correlated positively, rather than negatively, to the levels of tau phosphorylation at several sites that can be dephosphorylated by PP2B in vitro. Truncation of PP2B in the frontal cortex was more than in the temporal cortex, and tau phosphorylation was also more in the frontal cortex. Taken together, these results indicate that truncation of PP2B by calpain I elevates its activity but does not counteract the abnormal hyperphosphorylation tau in AD brain.
Microbial responses to light and time. Fifty-sixth symposium of the Society for General Microbiology held at the University of Nottingham, March 1998. (1998)

Preface 1. Overview and comparison with plants J. F. ALLEN 2. Motility responses towards light shown by phototrophic bacteria J. P. ARMITAGE 3. Archaeal rhodopsins use the same light-triggered molecular switch for ion transport and phototaxis signalling J. L. SPUDICH 4. Gas vesicles and buoyancy in cynobacteria: interrelations with light A. E. WALSBY 5. How microalgae see the light P. HEGEMANN and H. HARTZ 6. Negative phototaxis in photosynthetic bacteria K. J. HELLINGWERF, R. KORT and W. CRIELAARD 7. The role of light in the regulation of moss development D. COVE and t. lAMPARTER 8. Structure and function of antennae proteins involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis R. J. CODGELL 9. Light regulation of pigment-protein gene expression in Rhodobacter species M. PHILLIPS -JONES 10. Light regulation of carotenoid synthesis in Myxococcus xanthus D. A. HODGSON and A. E. BERRY 11. Responses to blue-light in Neurospora crassa G. MACINO, G. ARPAIA, H. LINDEN and P. BALLARIO 12. Circadian rhythms in cyanobacteria S. S. GOLDEN, M. ISHIURA, C. HIRSCHIE JOHNSON and T. KONDO 13. Survival in a temporal world - the circadian program of the marine unicell Gonyaulax T. ROENNEBERG and J. REHMAN 14. Temporal organisation of the cell division cycle in eukaryotic microbes D. LLOYD and D. A. GILBERT 15. The circadian regulatory system in Neurospora crassa J. C. DUNLAP, J. J. Loros, S. Crosthwaite, Y. Liu, N. Garceau, D. Bell- Pedersen, M. Shinohara, C. Luo, M. Collett, A. B. Cole and C. Heinzen 16. Clocks in Drosophila C. KYRIACOU.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of (.+‐.)‐exo‐4′‐Hydroxy‐exo‐6′‐hydroxymethyl‐endo‐3′‐thymin‐ 1‐yl‐2′,7′‐dioxabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Field Verification of Structural Performance of Thermoplastic Pipe Under Deep Backfill Conditions (2002)

This report provides information regarding the structural performance of thermoplastic pipes under relatively deep soil cover conditions. The eighteen (12 HDPE, 6 PVC) thermoplastic pipes, with diameter ranging from 30 to 60 in., were instrumented with sensors, embedded in granular backfill in shallow trenches, and subjected to 20-ft. or 40-ft. high soil fill for about 10 months. Their installation plans involved two types of backfill soil, three relative compactions, and varying bedding thickness to study the effects of these installation parameters on the pipe performance.
A Novel Combination Therapy for Human Oxaliplatin-resistant Colorectal Cancer Using Oxaliplatin and Coxsackievirus A11 (2018)

Oxaliplatin pretreatment sensitized oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells to lysis by CVA11 infection in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings identify a novel potential chemovirotherapeutic modality for the treatment of oxaliplatin-resistant human CRC.
Immunorestorative in immunosuppressed Balb/c mice and cytotoxic activity of water extract from Trichilia hirta root (2010)

Patients receiving chemotherapy treatment in Santiago de Cuba traditionally use water extracts from Trichilia hirta roots. The study aim was to evaluate the immunorestorative and cytotoxic activity of water extracts from Trichilia hirta root. Administration of root water extract increased the total and differential leukocyte counts in inmunosupressed Balb/c mice. Thymus weight recovered significantly as well as bone marrow cellularity. Moreover, water extract (125 ug/mL) showed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells T-47D and SK-mel-3 in comparison with non-cancer cells (Vero). The results indicate that Trichilia hirta has significant immunorestorative effects in vivo and selective cytotoxicity in vitro. Therefore, it might be a promising alternative for cancer therapy.
The products of the SPT10 and SPT21 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increase the amplitude of transcriptional regulation at a large number of unlinked loci. (1991)

The 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) of yeast transposon Ty1 is not normally used as a promoter, although it contains sequences identical to those found in the 5' LTR, which does act as a promoter. We have isolated mutations that fall into two genes, SPT10 and SPT21, that allow the 3' LTRs of Ty1 elements inserted at various positions in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to act as promoters. We find that mutations in these two genes alter transcriptional regulation of Ty1 LTRs and also of certain non-Ty1-related promoters in two ways: (i) they allow the low-level expression of several genes under repressing conditions, and (ii) they allow transcription from the 5' LTR of Ty1 elements in the absence of a normally required activator, SPT3. Furthermore, the fully induced levels of transcription of several genes are reduced in these spt mutants. Hence, the products of these two genes increase the amplitude of transcriptional regulation of a wide variety of unlinked loci.
Small-core silica holey fibers: nonlinearity and confinement loss trade-offs (2003)

Holey fibers with small-core dimensions relative to the optical wavelength and large air-filling fractions offer tight mode confinement and are therefore attractive for highly nonlinear fiber applications. We investigated the role of confinement loss in these small-core fibers to optimize the design of practical highly nonlinear fibers. We found that silica holey fibers can exhibit effective nonlinearities as great as 52 W-1 km-1 and that the confinement loss can be less than the losses of standard fiber types. We show that the dispersive properties of some of the designs are suitable for a range of device applications.
A second polymorph of 1,2-bis[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]disulfane (2005)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H10Cl2N2S4, consists of one full mol­ecule and two half mol­ecules, which are completed by twofold rotation symmetry.
The second virial coefficient of proteins in aqueous solutions and its relationship to protein solubility and long-term aggregation stability (2005)

The relationship of second virial coefficient, B22 with solubility is reviewed and its relationship to protein self-association and aggregation is investigated. A novel method was developed for the measurement of B 22 that utilized a novel fabricated dual-source dual-detector cell for simultaneous measurement of protein concentration and the corresponding scattered light intensity in conjunction with SEC. This method provided reliable determination of the B22 values for such proteins as lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen and chymotrypsin. This methodology was further used to characterize protein self-association using β-lactoglobulin A (βLg). The Debye plots of βLg showed curvature at pH 3.0, for varying NaCl concentrations (0.02--0.5 M), indicative of the association behavior of this protein. Modified Debye light scattering equation that included the monomer-dimer equilibrium model yielded Ka values ranging from 102 to 10 5 M-1. The Ka values thus obtained followed similar trend to those reported in literature. Finally, the relationship of B22 to the extent of irreversible protein aggregation upon storage was investigated. A monoclonal antibody and ovalbumin were incubated at 37°C for a period of 3 months under various solution conditions to monitor the extent of physical aggregation and B22 values were determined under similar solution conditions. Both proteins readily aggregated at pH 4.0 in the presence of various co-solutes, however, were completely resistant to aggregation at pH 7.4. Debye plots of the monoclonal antibody showed moderate attractive interactions at pH 7.4, whereas, at pH 4.0, nonlinear Debye plots were obtained, indicating self-association of this protein. CD studies showed partially unfolded structure of antibody at pH 4.0 compared to that at pH 7.4. In case of ovalbumin, similar B22 values were obtained in all solution conditions irrespective of the fact whether the protein aggregated or not. CD studies of ovalbumin indicated presence of unfolded species at pH 4.0. Thus, formation of a structurally-altered state is must for irreversible aggregation to proceed. Since this "aggregation-prone" species is generally present in a small fraction, it is unlikely that B22 will correlate with aggregation. Nevertheless, Debye plots in conjunction with spectroscopic studies can provide important insights into the mechanism of irreversible protein aggregation in solution. ^
The expression of uncertainty in non-linear parameter estimation (2006)

We made an analysis of uncertainty propagation in parameter estimation when the cost function minimization leads to a set of non-linear equations. In our study, which concerns an uncertainty-propagation law independent of any specific minimization algorithm, we review the relationship between the Hessian of the cost function and the estimate uncertainty, as well as the reasons supporting their identification. We show that the uncertainty expressed on this basis could lead to accuracy overestimation.
Early and Delayed Afterdepolarizations Associated with Cesium Chloride-Induced Arrhythmias in the Dog (1990)

Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were utilized to examine the basis for cesium-induced arrhythmia in the dog. Cesium chloride (1 mmol/kg i.v.) produced an immediate prolongation of MAP (250 +/- 11 to 396 +/- 34 ms, p less than 0.05). Coupled premature ventricular beats (345 +/- 46 ms) and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia developed in association with early afterdepolarizations during the first 1-3 min after cesium administration. A slowing of the sinus heart rate with vagus nerve stimulation exacerbated the arrhythmia. During the subsequent 7 min, the MAP duration decreased from 396 +/- 34 to 316 +/- 19 ms. At 8-10 min, the premature ventricular beats were associated with delayed afterdepolarizations in the MAP recordings. However, there was no change in the coupling intervals of the premature ventricular beats (351 +/- 29 ms). Ventricular arrhythmias and delayed afterdepolarizations during this phase were exacerbated by increasing the heart rate with atrial pacing. T wave alternans and U wave formation in the ECG were associated with early or delayed afterdepolarizations in MAP. Cesium chloride (1 mmol) injected into the left anterior descending coronary artery produced local MAP prolongation and ventricular bigeminy. Although the MAP duration returned to predrug values after intracoronary cesium injection, the severity of ventricular arrhythmia increased with succeeding doses. These data suggest that early and delayed afterdepolarizations, T wave alterations, and ventricular beats can be dissociated from the initial action potential prolongation with cesium and closely resemble altered calcium transients observed in vitro.
Mixed RF/FSO Cooperative Relaying Systems With Co-Channel Interference (2018)

In this paper, we provide a global framework analysis of a dual-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) system with multiple branches/relays wherein the first and second hops, respectively, consist of RF and FSO channels. To cover various cases of fading, we propose generalized channels' models for RF and FSO links that follow the Nakagami-m and the double generalized gamma distributions, respectively. Moreover, we suggest channel state information (CSI)-assisted relaying or variable relaying gain based amplifiy-and-forward amplification. Partial relay selection with outdated CSI is assumed as a relay selection protocol based on the knowledge of the RF CSI. In order to derive the end-to-end signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio statistics, such as the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function, the higher order moments, the amount of fading and the moment generating function, the numerical values of the fading severity parameters are only valid for integer values. Based on these statistics, we derive closed-forms of the outage probability, the bit error probability, the ergodic capacity, and the outage capacity in terms of Meijer-G, univariate, bivariate, and trivariate Fox-H functions. Capitalizing on these expressions, we derive the asymptotic high SNR to unpack valuable engineering insights of the system performance. Monte Carlo simulation is used to confirm the analytical expressions.
New Continuous Production Process for Enantiopure (2<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-Hexanediol (2002)

A new continuous production process has been developed for optically active pure (2R,5R)-hexanediol. The process uses resting whole cells of Lactobacillus kefir DSM 20587 as a biocatalyst. The reduction of (2,5)-hexanedione to (2R,5R)-hexanediol was carried out in a 2-L continuously operated membrane reactor. Conversion of (2,5)-hexanedione was nearly quantitative and the selectivity between product and intermediate was 78% for the product. Enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity were >99% for the whole period. The productivity of L. kefir could be increased by factor 30. (2R,5R)-Hexanediol was continuously produced over 5 days with a space−time yield of 64 g·L-1·d-1.
Finite element anaylsis of non-Darcy flow (1970)

This thesis presents the development of a finite element model for unsteady non-Darcy flow. The unsteady flow model is used to solve a free surface flow problem in which the initial conditions are given and the boundary conditions are specified functions of time. The unsteady flow problem is solved in small time steps, At each time step the internal flow is solved by steady flow methods and a Lagrangian technique used to compute the new free surface. A transformation of the dependent variable is proposed in order to account for small inertial effects in tle unsteady flow. The unsteady finite element model is applied to the solution of rapid drawdown in rockfill. There was good agreement between the experimental and computed drawdown profiles. A theoretical evaluation of the unsteady inertial term indicates that this term is only of secondary importance for the material used in the experimental studies, i.e. 1.66 cm and 4.40 cm crushed rock. The finite element solutions, also, indicated that the unsteady inertial term was relatively small compared with frictional resistance. The results of the experimental studies which were carried out to establish flow resistarce equations for the verification studies, are also given. Both parallel and radial flow tests were made. A tendency, for the flow resistance of a material in a converging flow permeameter to be slightly less than for the same material in the parallel flow permeameter, is noted. General flow resistance equations based on the Ward equation and the Kovacs equation are proposed. In the course of developing the unsteady flow finite element models, steady flow finite element models were developed. The steady flow finite element models were also verified experimentally. A brief review of the steady flow development is presented.
Fiber-optic gyro versus coriolis vibratory one (2014)

Fiber optic gyro (FOG) and metallic resonator Coriolis vibratory gyro (CVG) main accuracy parameters are compared in this paper. Manufacturers of the analyzed gyros are from Russia (FOG) and Ukraine (CVG). Methodics to measure and to calculate scale factor temperature instability and nonlinearity as well as bias components such as quantum noise, random walk and drift using Allan variance analysis are described. Scale factors temperature instability and nonlinearity graphs of both gyros are given and compared. Bias components calculation at stable temperature are also given and compared. Two CVGs: KVG25, KVG43 and one FOG: VG951D take part in comparative analysis.
A simple amorphisation-recrystallisation model for boron implanted iron films (1985)

Abstract A simple model of amorphisation of metallic layers by high dose metallaid ion implantation is derived. It is assumed that covalent bonds are necessary to stabilise the amorphous state. Therefore, only a small fraction of the region damaged by an implanted metalloid ion may remain amorphised. This gives rise to higher amorphisation doses for ion implantation in metals than in semiconductors. Thermal relaxation during implantation and subsequent annealing is considered. Based on this model it is possible to understand the influence of the implanted ion dose on the recrystallisation temperature. For boron implantation in iron the amorphised volume per ion and the activation energy of the recrystallisation process are calculated. It is suggested that amorphous Fe1-xBx alloys produced by rapid quenching or ion implantation are very similar for boron concentrations higher than x=0.18.
Mutation of the <i>CgPDR16</i> gene attenuates azole tolerance and biofilm production in pathogenic <i>Candida glabrata</i> (2013)

The PDR16 gene encodes the homologue of Sec14p, participating in protein secretion, regulation of lipid synthesis and turnover in vivo and acting as a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein in vitro. This gene is also involved in the regulation of multidrug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pathogenic yeasts. Here we report the results of functional analysis of the CgPDR16 gene, whose mutation has been previously shown to enhance fluconazole sensitivity in Candida glabrata mutant cells. We have cloned the CgPDR16 gene, which was able to complement the pdr16Δ mutation in both C. glabrata and S. cerevisiae. Along with fluconazole, the pdr16Δ mutation resulted in increased susceptibility of mutant cells to several azole antifungals without changes in sensitivity to polyene antibiotics, cycloheximide, NQO, 5-fluorocytosine and oxidants inducing the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species. The susceptibility of the pdr16Δ mutant strain to itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine was enhanced by CTBT [7-chlorotetrazolo(5,1-c)benzo(1,2,4)triazine] inducing oxidative stress. The pdr16Δ mutation increased the accumulation of rhodamine 6G in mutant cells, decreased the level of itraconazole resistance caused by gain-of-function mutations in the CgPDR1 gene, and reduced cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm production. These results point to the pleiotropic phenotype of the pdr16Δ mutant and support the role of the CgPDR16 gene in the control of drug susceptibility and virulence in the pathogenic C. glabrata.