gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PreserFlo MicroShunt® exposure: a case series (2021)

PreserFlo MicroShunt® exposure is a potentially vision-threatening complication because of the risk of endophthalmitis. Potential risk factors include the absence of a Tenon's flap and pre-existing ocular surface inflammation. Ocular surface inflammation should be detected and treated prior to PM implantation. If a deficiency in Tenon's capsule is noted intraoperatively, close monitoring should be performed because of the higher risk of PM exposure.
Crystallographic and conformational studies on histamine H1-receptor antagonists. IV. On the stereochemical vector of antihistaminic activity. (1986)

The geometries of 14 histamine H1-receptor antagonists have been compared with the aim of finding out a common stereochemical vector of antihistaminic activity. The results obtained from X-ray crystallographic data have been compared with those obtained by minimizing the conformational energy of the molecules according to a simplified model of force field. Both approaches agree in indicating unique stereochemical requirements for optimum H1-antihistaminic activity.
Integration of MEMS with nanostructured metal-oxide materials for improved sensors for volatile organic compounds (2012)

The primary aim of the present work is to lower the operating temperature of the metal-oxide based sensors for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) without compromising the sensitivity of the device. For this purpose, nanostructured oxides of ITO, Cu and Zn have been explored. The oxides of Cu and Zn have been synthesized by a novel process of thermal oxidation of the respective metal layers in air ambient without using any seed or catalyst layer. On the other hand, nanostructured ITO was obtained by RF magnetron sputtering process. For the heating of the sensing layer, a Ni microheater has been integrated on the sensor chip. Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology has been adopted for the fabrication of the complete sensor for achieving the desired operating temperature at reduced power level. The sensor was extensively tested for a variety of VOCs such as acetone, methanol, ethanol and IPA. The issues involved in integrating nanostructured oxides with MEMS technology are also addressed.
Tritium Radioactive–Casein and Cheese Ripening (1959)

Investigations were concerned with the preparation of casein containing' radioactive hydrogen, tritium, suitable for cheese-ripening studies, the properties of the radioactive casein, and the appearance of the radioactive hydrogen of the casein in some nonprotein component of ripened cheese. The addition of tritium to casein was accomplished by the gas-exposure technique, producing a concentration of 6 me. of tritium per gram of casein. The tritium labelling observed was that of random distribution of the isotopic hydrogen in the various amino acids of the casein. Introduction of the tritiated casein into a cheese system did not affect the ripening process. Cheese prepared with labelled casein showed the same changes in the free amino acids, rate of acid formation, and soluble nitrogen as the unlabelled cheese. An appreciable concentration of tritium was observed in two carbonyls of ripened cheese, pointing to protein as a possible source of these compounds. Tritium labelling was shown applicable in casein-degradation studies and, with certain reservations, may be extended to other compounds of cheese ripening.
[Hemoglobins of pandas]. (1987)

We tried to elucidate the genetical relationship of giant and lesser panda and especially that of Ursidae and Procyonidae by sequence analysis. We sequenced hemoglobins of four Ursidae and also those of giant and lesser panda. The surprising result is that the hemoglobin of both pandas only differs in six amino-acid exchanges whereas to other Carnivores, especially to Ursidae and Procyonidae, there exist much more ones. The interpretation of these and other amino-acid sequences with the maximum parsimony method gave a phylogenetic tree with the Felidae and Canidae representing their expected position and classifying the pandas a family or their own between Ursidae and Procyonidae. Because many sequences are available, with the help of molecular biology one can obtain very detailed information on special biological problems.
Importance of amino acid composition to improve skin collagen protein synthesis rates in UV-irradiated mice (2011)

Skin collagen metabolism abnormalities induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation are the major causes of skin photoaging. It has been shown that the one-time exposure of UV irradiation decreases procollagen mRNA expression in dermis and that chronic UV irradiation decreases collagen amounts and induces wrinkle formation. Amino acids are generally known to regulate protein metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the effects of UV irradiation and various orally administered amino acids on skin collagen synthesis rates. Groups of 4-5 male, 8-week-old HR-1 hairless mice were irradiated with UVB (66 mJ/cm2) twice every other day, then fasted for 16 h. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR; %/h) of skin tropocollagen was evaluated by incorporating L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine. We confirmed that the FSR of dermal tropocollagen decreased after UVB irradiation. The FSR of dermal tropocollagen was measured 30 min after a single oral administration of amino acids (1 g/kg) to groups of 5-16 UVB-irradiated mice. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA, 1.34±0.32), arginine (Arg, 1.66±0.39), glutamine (Gln, 1.75±0.60), and proline (Pro, 1.48±0.26) did not increase the FSR of skin tropocollagen compared with distilled water, which was used as a control (1.56±0.30). However, essential amino acids mixtures (BCAA+Arg+Gln, BCAA+Gln, and BCAA+Pro) significantly increased the FSR (2.07±0.58, 2.04±0.54, 2.01±0.50 and 2.07±0.59, respectively). This result suggests that combinations of BCAA and glutamine or proline are important for restoring dermal collagen protein synthesis impaired by UV irradiation.
Seminal DNase Activity in Holstein Bull Ejaculates: Effects of Extender and Relationship with Fertility. (2012)

Previous reports have shown that ejaculates from stallions and bulls exhibit DNase activity. Mechanistically, this activity allows spermatozoa to navigate through extruded neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of DNA produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The objective of this study was to identify seminal DNase activity patterns from commercially-extended Holstein bull ejaculates and determine the impact of extender on seminal plasma DNase activity. Furthermore, these DNase activity patterns were compared to known sire conception rates. For the first experiment, Holstein bull ejaculates (n=91) were collected and extended at a commercial bull stud with a mix of glycerol and skim milk. DNase activity of the ejaculates plus extender or extender alone was determined by incubating with DNA for 15 minutes at 37°C followed by gel electrophoresis. Ejaculates were then categorized into one of five profiles based on the DNA degradation pattern in the gels. In a second experiment, neat semen from unknown bulls (n=3) with three replicate ejaculates was serially diluted and DNase activity was determined as described above. The DNase activity of ejaculates from the first experiment was not related to the conception rate data provided by the bull stud. By chance, this data set included 15 sets of paternal half brothers (ranging from 2 to 11 related individuals per set) and 2 pairs of full brothers. DNase profiles were not consistent between half-siblings. One pair of full siblings exhibited the same DNase profile, whereas the second pair of full siblings did not. Extender alone was devoid of intrinsic DNase activity. During the second experiment, extender decreased DNase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the DNase profile of unextended semen did not differ between ejaculates from the same bull. However, different DNase profiles were observed in ejaculates that were extended on different days from the same bull (n=3) due to daily variation in quantities of extender. Taken together, this data indicates that extender use negatively impacts the DNase activity of semen and inter- and intra-bull variation in DNase activity of extended semen is affected by variations in extender volumes.
Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Atmosphere on Acid Production from Sorbitol in Suspensions of Dental Plaque and Oral Streptococci (1986)

The pH changes and the amounts of the metabolic end products lactate, formate, acetate and ethanol were studied in suspensions of dental plaque material. The suspensions were incubated with sorbitol or glucose for 30–80 min, in the presence or absence of air. The acid production activity from neither sorbitol nor glucose was affected by the exposure of the plaque suspensions to air. The differences in the concentrations of the four metabolic end products between the suspensions challenged with sorbitol in the presence and absence of air were small. Only traces of lactate were formed from sorbitol both in the aerobic and anaerobic atmosphere. The amounts of formate and ethanol were greater in the suspensions incubated with sorbitol than with glucose. The pH changes were also studied in suspensions of anaerobically grown strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitior, challenged with sorbitol or glucose for 30 min. The pH decreased considerably less in the suspensions incubated with sorbitol in the presence of air compared to those kept anaerobically. The pH drop from glucose was, however, the same irrespective of the atmosphere conditions.
Abnormal myocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup>homeostasis in rabbits with pacing-induced heart failure (1998)

To determine whether there are abnormalities in myocyte excitation-contraction coupling and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis in pacing-induced heart failure (PF), we measured L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current (INa/Ca) with voltage clamp and measured intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and [Ca2+]i with the use of sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) and fluo 3 in ventricular myocytes isolated from control and paced rabbits. The peak systolic and diastolic levels and the amplitude of electrically stimulated [Ca2+]i transients (0.25 Hz, extracellular Ca2+ concentration = 1.08 mM) were significantly less in PF myocytes. Also, there was prolongation of the times to peak and decline of [Ca2+]i transients. ICa,L density was markedly decreased in PF myocytes. INa/Ca at -40 mV elicited by rapid exposure to 0 Na+ solution with a rapid solution switcher was significantly reduced in PF myocytes, suggesting that the function of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is impaired in these myocytes. In PF myocytes the decline of the [Ca2+]i transient when the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was abruptly disabled was markedly prolonged compared with the decline in control myocytes, consistent with depressed sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase function. RNase protection assay showed decreased levels of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and SR Ca2+-ATPase mRNA in PF hearts, consistent with the function studies. We conclude that the functions of L-type Ca2+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and SR Ca2+-ATPase are impaired in myocytes from rabbit hearts with failure induced by rapid pacing. These abnormalities result in reduced [Ca2+]i transients and systolic and diastolic dysfunction and appear to account for the abnormal ventricular function observed.
Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain (1998)

Leptin, secreted by white adipocytes, has profound feeding, metabolic, and neuroendocrine effects. Leptin acts on the brain, but the specific anatomic sites and pathways responsible for mediating these effects are still unclear. We have systematically examined distributions of mRNA of leptin receptor isoforms in the rat brain by using a probe specific for the long form and a probe recognizing all known forms of the leptin receptor. The mRNA for the long form of the receptor (OB-Rb) localized to selected nuclear groups in the rat brain. Within the hypothalamus, dense hybridization was observed in the arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial, and ventral premamillary nuclei. Within the dorsomedial nucleus, particularly intense hybridization was observed in the caudal regions of the nucleus ventral to the compact formation. Receptors were preferentially localized to the dorsomedial division of the ventromedial nucleus. Hybridization accumulated throughout the arcuate nucleus, extending from the retrochiasmatic region to the posterior periventricular region. Moderate hybridization was observed in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, medial mammillary nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and within substantia nigra pars compacta. Several thalamic nuclei were also found to contain dense hybridization. These groups included the mediodorsal, ventral anterior, ventral medial, submedial, ventral posterior, and lateral dorsal thalamic nuclei. Hybridization was also observed in the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei. Intense hybridization was observed in the Purkinje and granular cell layers of the cerebellum. A probe recognizing all known forms of the leptin receptor hybridized to all of these sites within the brain. In addition, intense hybridization was observed in the choroid plexus, meninges, and also surrounding blood vessels. These findings indicate that circulating leptin may act through hypothalamic nuclear groups involved in regulating feeding, body weight, and neuroendocrine function. The localization of leptin receptor mRNA in extrahypothalamic sites in the thalamus and cerebellum suggests that leptin may act on specific sensory and motor systems. Leptin receptors localized in nonneuronal cells in the meninges, choroid plexus, and blood vessels may be involved in transport of leptin into the brain and in the clearance of leptin from the cerebrospinal fluid.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR ALDOL CONDENSATION OF 2,2′‐DIMETHYLBENZIL (1978)

Abstract Als Nebenprodukt bei der Kondensation von 2,2′‐Dimethyl‐benzil (I) mit Dibenzylketon (II) zum Cyclopentadienon (III) entsteht das 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐o‐tolyl‐indanon (IV), das auch bei der Photolyse von (I) gebildet wird.
Patients With High Bone Mass Phenotype Exhibit Enhanced Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibition of Adipogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2007)

LRP5 mutations and the level of Wnt signaling determine differentiation fate of hMSCs into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Activation of Wnt signaling can thus provide a novel approach to increase bone mass by preventing the age-related reciprocal decrease in osteogenesis and increase in adipogenesis.
Magnetic properties of 3%Si-Fe thin sheets annealed in Ar atmosphere (abstract) (1996)

It has been actually required in recent years to decrease iron losses in transformer cores, as increment of electric energy consumption in all industries and homes. Answering to such requirements, Arai et al. developed a new type magnetic core material; it was tertiary recrystallized Si steel with 50 μm thickness, and it was of as low iron loss as an amorphous materials one. The Si steel was made by an annealing in a vacuum of 1×10−3 Pa and at a temperature of 1200 °C. In this study, we prepared samples for measurements from (110)[001] grain-oriented 3%Si steel with 300 μm thickness. We coldrolled them to about 50 μm using a four-high rolling mill, and then annealed in an atmosphere of highly pure Ar gas, from a point of view of saving energy. We investigated effects of annealing time, heating rate and gas flow rate on magnetic properties. The annealing temperature was fixed at 1000 °C. Hysteresis loops were drawn with single-sheet tester. Grain structure and its direction were decided by etch pit method. Coercive force Hc and induction B8 which is the induction at 800 A/m applied field were obtained from the hysteresis loops. The magnetic properties were somewhat changed according to the annealing condition. The coercive force varied from 5 to 30 A/m, and the induction varied from 1.45 to 1.85 T. The best properties, Hc was 5 A/m and B8 was 1.85 T, were obtained under the annealing condition; annealing time was 60 min, heating rate was 3 °C/s, and gas flow rate was 2 ι/min. The surfaces of the samples were not covered with tertiary recrystalline, but wholly with secondary recrystalline. About 90% grains were (110) plane, the rest was (100) plane. And about 90% [001] axes oriented to the rolling direction within five degree misorientation.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Veno-Venous Bypass and Apneic Oxygenation for Treatment of Severe Neonatal Respiratory Failure (1995)

Seven newborn infants with life-threatening respiratory failure were treated with veno-venous (V-V) extracorporeal lung support and apneic oxygenation after maximal ventilatory and pharmacological treatment failed. Diagnosis were meconium aspiration syndrome in 3 cases, respiratory distress syndrome in 2, sepsis in 1, congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 1. Before ECMO 6 infants received tolazoline, 4 surfactant, 3 high frequency ventilation, 1 prostaglandin E, 1 epoprostenol, 2 nitric oxide. Newborns were highly hypoxemic at admission and all but one underwent rescue cannulation. V-V bypass was performed with a single lumen single cannula and tidal flow was generated by an alternating clamp using a non-occlusive roller pump. The mean duration of bypass was 162.4 +/- 162.3 hours and infants were extubated 94.5 +/- 74.8 hours after decannulation. Five newborns survived and two died. Growth and neurologic development of the older children is normal. The extracorporeal lung support with V-V bypass associated with apneic oxygenation was effective in reversing severe neonatal respiratory failure unresponsive to maximal ventilatory and pharmacological support. An early referral, prior to meeting ECMO criteria, is important in order to avoid hypoxic complications preceding ECMO.
Analysis, Monitoring, and Some Regulatory Implications (2003)

Pesticide analysis is generally conducted with one of two objectives: product analysis to determine the quantity of active ingredient in a manufactured product or formulation, or residue analysis to determine amounts of material resulting from application or use. In addition, the analysis may include elucidation of the composition and confirmation of the identity of the active ingredient, or its metabolites or alteration products. This summary of methods of characterization, analysis, and identification of biopestrcides is based on examples that range in composition from homogeneous macromolecules to whole organisms. Such diversity demands a variety of analytical approaches, and presents a challenge to the ingenuity of the analyst, often requiring the use of sophisticated instrumentation. Some regulatory topics have also been included in the discussion, because requirements for analytical data are specified by regulatory authorities when new materials are to be used in pest management. Such analytical data is essential for risk assessment and ensuring that adequate safeguards to protect human health and the environment are incorporated in applications of new technology.
Oral iron supplementation with a micronutrient powder (Sprinkles®) provided to children with moderate‐to‐severe malnutrition does not increase infectious morbidity risk: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority safety trial (2010)

Background A link between iron supplementation (IS) and infectious morbidity (IM) has been suggested, particularly in children with moderate to severe malnutrition (MSM). Two meta‐analyses concluded that oral IS is safe, but children with MSM were excluded. Methods This is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority (NI) safety trial using a 2‐mo course of iron‐containing micronutrient or placebo powder (I‐MNP and PP) in 268 Bangladeshi children aged 12–24 mo with MSM (weight‐forage Z‐score ≤ −2). NI margin was set at 20%. Primary outcome was a composite of diarrhea, dysentery and lower respiratory tract infection episodes (D/D/L) recorded through home visits every 2 days (first 2 mo) and then twice a week (next 4 mo post‐intervention). To capture seasonal effects, one group was studied in the summer and another in the winter. Univariate Anderson‐Gill model was used to analyze recurrent events. Results Baseline characteristics were similar. Combined relative risk (RR) of D/D/L for I‐MNP vs. PP was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–1.04; p=0.09). Winter group RR was lower at 0.6 (CI 0.42–0.85; p=0.004) than summer group RR, at 0.98 (CI 0.69–1.38, p=0.9), p=0.052. There were no reported deaths. Conclusion Risk of IM was not higher for I‐MNP vs. PP. Since IM rates were lower than anticipated, NI is not confirmed. I‐MNP was more protective for the winter group, suggesting a seasonal effect. Grant Funding Source : Thrasher Research Fund
Gamma Interferon Responses Induced by a Panel of Recombinant and Purified Mycobacterial Antigens in Healthy, Non-<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>BCG-Vaccinated Malawian Young Adults (2003)

We have previously shown that young adults living in a rural area of northern Malawi showed greater gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses to purified protein derivatives (PPD) prepared from environmental mycobacteria than to PPD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to define the mycobacterial species to which individuals living in a rural African population have been exposed and sensitized, we tested T-cell recognition of recombinant and purified antigens from M. tuberculosis (38 kDa, MPT64, and ESAT-6), M. bovis (MPB70), M. bovis BCG (Ag85), and M. leprae (65 kDa, 35 kDa, and 18 kDa) in >600 non-M. bovis BCG-vaccinated young adults in the Karonga District of northern Malawi. IFN-gamma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in day 6 supernatants of diluted whole-blood cultures. The recombinant M. leprae 35-kDa and 18-kDa and purified native M. bovis BCG Ag85 antigens induced the highest percentages of responders, though both leprosy and bovine tuberculosis are now rare in this population. The M. tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6 and MPT64 and the M. bovis antigen MPB70 induced the lowest percentages of responders. One of the subjects subsequently developed extrapulmonary tuberculosis; this individual had a 15-mm-diameter reaction to the Mantoux test and responded to M. tuberculosis PPD, Ag85, MPT64, and ESAT-6 but not to any of the leprosy antigens. We conclude that in this rural African population, exposure to M. tuberculosis or M. bovis is much less frequent than exposure to environmental mycobacteria such as M. avium, which have antigens homologous to the M. leprae 35-kDa and 18-kDa antigens. M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 showed the strongest association with the size of the Mantoux skin test induration, suggesting that among the three M. tuberculosis antigens tested it provided the best indication of exposure to, or infection with, M. tuberculosis.