gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from the upper clark fork river, montana, to aquatic invertebrates and fish in laboratory exposures (1994)

Abstract Sediments of the upper Clark Fork River, from the Butte and Anaconda area to Milltown Reservoir (230 km downstream), are contaminated with As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn primarily from mining activities. The toxicity of pore water from these sediments was determined using Daphnia magna (48-h exposure), rainbow trout (96-h exposure), and Microtox®. However, pore-water data from these exposures were questionable because of changes in the toxicity of pore-water samples after 5 to 7 d of storage. Whole-sediment tests were conducted with Hyalella azteca (28-d exposure), Chironomus riparius (14-d exposure), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 21- to 28-d exposure and Daphnia magna (2- to 22-d exposure). Sediment samples from Milltown Reservoir and the Clark Fork River were not generally lethal to test organisms. However, both reduced growth and delayed sexual maturation of amphipods were associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of metals in sediments from the reservoir and river. Relative sensitivity (most sensitive to least sensitive) of organisms in whole-sediment toxicity tests was: Hyalella azteca &gt; Chironomus riparius &gt; rainbow trout &gt; Daphnia magna. Relative sensitivity (most sensitive to least sensitive) of the three end points evaluated with Hyalella azteca was: length &gt; sexual maturation &gt; survival. The lack of lethal effects on organisms may be related to temporal differences in sediment, acid-volatile sulfide, or organic carbon.
Evaluation of selective media for enumeration of yeasts during wine fermentation (1986)

The growth of individual species of yeasts during wine fermentations was measured by plating wine samples on malt extract, ethanol sulphite and lysine agars. Colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae dominated on plates of malt extract agar and sometimes masked the presence of other non‐ Saccharomyces species. Lysine agar suppressed the growth of S. cerevisiae and enabled the enumeration of non‐ Saccharomyces species such as Kloeckera apiculata, Candida stellata and Saccharomycodes ludwigii. The growth of non‐ Saccharomyces yeasts on ethanol sulphite agar was variable.
Automated medical problem list generation: towards a patient timeline. (2004)

The problem-oriented electronic medical record has been investigated as an alternative to source-oriented organization of patient data. At the core of a problem-oriented view is the medical problem list. Maintenance of the medical problem list is often manual, making it highly user dependent. We detail the beginnings of an automated medical problem list generator based on ICD-9: given a set of ICD-9 codes associated with a patient record, the system maps the codes (and related data) to an anatomy-centric hierarchy. 1 million patient encounters from an outpatient setting were reviewed to generate a unique set of 7,890 ICD-9 codes. Natural language processing of the ICD-9 string descriptions identified 1,981 anatomical terms, which were subsequently mapped to one of 21 anatomical categories. The output of the medical problem list generator was then used to create a problem-oriented, gestalt view of a patient's medical record. Preliminary evaluation of the generator revealed 100% recall, but only 60% precision. This initial work has highlighted several issues in defining a medical problem list, including questions of granularity and performance trade-offs.
Identification of [<sup>I4</sup>C]carmoisine metabolites in bacterial suspension of rat faeces (1990)

An in vitro system consisting of a bacterial suspension of human or rat faecal microflora brought about the biological reduction of the red azo dye [14C]carmoisine to 1-naphthyl-amine-4-sulphonic acid (NA) and 2-amino-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (ANA). These metabolites have been unequivocally identified by radio-HPLC, spectroscopic methods, dilution with cold authentic standards and evidence that the specific activity of the diluted compounds remained constant throughout repeated crystallization, acetylation and purification. The results clearly indicated that samples derived from anaerobic incubations have to be processed for analysis in the complete absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, the formation of a complex pattern of compounds in addition to NA was observed as a consequence of the chemical decomposition of ANA.
Radiation-induced changes in the export of photoassimilated carbon /|nBarry Jess Shelp. -- 260 0 St. Catharines, [Ont. : s. n.], (1977)

Low levels of ionizing radiation induce two\ntranslocation responses in soybean: a reduction in\nphotoassimilate export from leaves and a change in the\ndistribution pattern of exported photoassimilate within\nthe plant. In this investigation these responses have\nbeen further studied specifically to ascertain the site\nof radiation damage and to better understand the\nphysiological responses observed.\nExperimentally the primary data was obtained from\nstudies in which a mature trifoliate leaf of a young soybean\nplant (Glycine ~ L. cultivar Harosoy '63) is\nisolated in a closed transparent chamber and allowed to\nphotoassimilate 14C02 for 15 minutes. This is followed\nby an additional 45 ~_il'1;ute period before the plant is\nsectl.o ne d an d 14 C-ra dl' oactl.v.l ty d eterml. ne d'l n a 11 parts.\nSuch 14c data provides one with the magnitude and distribution\npattern of translocation. Further analyses were\nconducted to determine the relative levels of the major\nphotosynthetic products using the techniques of paper\nchromatography and autoradiography. Since differences between control and irradiated\nP 1 ants were not 0 b serve d l' n t h e par tl't"lo nlng 0 f 14 C\nbetween the 80% ethanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions\n14 or in the relative amounts of C-products of photosynthesis,\nthe reduction in export in irradiated plants\nis not likely due to reduced availability of translocatable\nmaterials.\nData presented in this thesis shows that photoassimilate\nexport was not affected by gamma radiation\nuntil a threshold dose between 2.0 and 3.0 krads was\nreached. It was also observed that radiation-induced\ndamage to the export process was capable of recovery in\na period of 1 to 2 hours provided high light intensity\nwas supplied.\nIn contrast, the distribution pattern was shown\nto be extremely radiosensitive with a low threshold dose\nbetween .25 and .49 krads. Although this process was also\ncapable of recovery,lt" occurred much earlier and was\nfollowed by a secondary effect which lasted at least for\nthe duration of the experiments.\nThe data presented in this thesis is interpreted\nto suggest that the sites of radiation action for the two\ntranslocation responses are different. In regards to\nphotoassimilate export, the site of action of ionizing\nradiation is the leaf, quite possibly the process of photophosphorylation which may provide energy directly\nfor phloem loading and for membrane integrity of the\nphloem tissue* In regards to the pattern of distribution\nof exported photoassimilate, the site is likely the apical\nsink, possibly the result of changes of levels of endogenous\nhormones. By the selection of radiation exposure dose and\ntime post-irradiation, it is possible to affect independently\nthese two processes suggesting that each may be\nregulated independent of the other and involves a distinct\nsite.
Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Urban Ghana (2011)

We collected clinical and morphologic data from children with diarrhea attending 3 diverse hospitals/clinics in Accra. Stool samples were tested for rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. In all, 58% of the children with diarrhea had rotavirus infections, 25% of which were of the G3 sero/genotype. The most common strains were G3P [6] (18.8%) and G2P [6] (12.5%). Cryptosporidium spp. infections were uncommon (3/143, 2.0%).
Role of Short-Range Chemical Ordering in (GaN)<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>(ZnO)<sub><i>x</i></sub> for Photodriven Oxygen Evolution (2017)

(GaN)1–x(ZnO)x (GZNO) is capable of visible-light driven water splitting, but its bandgap at x ≤ 0.15 (>2.7 eV) results in poor visible-light absorption. Unfortunately, methods to narrow its bandgap by incorporating higher ZnO concentrations are accompanied by extensive Urbach tailing near the absorption-edge, which is indicative of structural disorder or chemical inhomogeneities. We evaluated whether this disorder is intrinsic to the bond-length distribution in GZNO or is a result of defects introduced from the loss of Zn during nitridation. Here, the synthesis of GZNO derived from layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors is described which minimizes Zn loss and chemical inhomogeneities and enhances visible-light absorption. The average and local atomic structures of LDH-derived GZNO were investigated using X-ray and neutron scattering and are correlated with their oxygen evolution rates. An isotope-contrasted neutron-scattering experiment was conducted in conjunction with reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations. We showed that a bond-valence bias in the RMC refinements reproduces the short-range ordering (SRO) observed in structure refinements using isotope-contrasted neutron data. The findings suggest that positional disorder of cation–anion pairs in GZNO partially arises from SRO and influences local bond relaxations. Furthermore, particle-based oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in AgNO3 solution reveal that the crystallite size of GZNO correlates more than positional disorder with oxygen evolution rate. These findings illustrate the importance of examining the local structure of multinary photocatalysts to identify dominant factors in particulate-based photodriven oxygen evolution.
Quatrième Congrès International de Spéléologie - Postojna, Ljubljana, Dubrovnik (9-29 Septembre 1965) (1967)

Fénelon Paul, Nicod Jean. Quatrième Congrès International de Spéléologie - Postojna, Ljubljana, Dubrovnik (9-29 Septembre 1965). In: Méditerranée, 8ᵉ année, n°2, 1967. pp. 109-128.
Intelligent system as an object of semiotic research (2002)

The phenomenon of intelligence is demonstrated as a result of the joint functioning of three operators: grouping, focusing attention, and combinatorial search (GFACS). When information is processed by GFACS, multiresolutional systems of knowledge develop, and nested loops of knowledge processing emerge. The emphasis of this paper is on demonstrating that the nature of intelligent systems is revealed in the best way, and the means of controlling them are introduced in the most constructive way, when the theoretical tools of semiotics are applied.
Analytical Aspects of Organomagnesium Compounds (2009)

Abstract Introduction and Scope of the Chapter Elemental Analysis of Magnesium Speciation Analysis of Organomagnesium Compounds Grignard Reagents as Analytical Reagents and AIDS
Sensitivity and specificity of multimodal and ultrasound screening for ovarian cancer, and stage distribution of detected cancers: results of the prevalence screen of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) (2009)

The sensitivity of the MMS and USS screening strategies is encouraging. Specificity was higher in the MMS than in the USS group, resulting in lower rates of repeat testing and surgery. This in part reflects the high prevalence of benign adnexal abnormalities and the more frequent detection of borderline tumours in the USS group. The prevalence screen has established that the screening strategies are feasible. The results of ongoing screening are awaited so that the effect of screening on mortality can be determined.
Classification of low SNR transient signals using training with noise technique (2004)

In this study, the performance of a system that can identify radio transmitters from their turn-on transients was evaluated in noisy channels. It was observed that the classification performance of the system degrades in low SNR values and to improve the performance, a technique based on training with noise was proposed. The proposed technique was tested with experimental data and it was shown that the technique improves the performance significantly.
Ultra-Wideband Signal Acquisition in Non-Gaussian Noise via Successive Sampling (2007)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communications is envisaged to be deployed in indoor environments, where the noise distribution is decidedly non-Gaussian. A critical challenge for UWB is the synchronization of nanosecond-long pulses. In this paper, we propose a signal acquisition scheme that is robust to uncertainties in the noise distribution. Following Huber's M-estimates for the Gaussian mixture noise model, the successive sampling-based robust acquisition system outperforms Gaussian-optimal maximum likelihood approach. We present performance evaluation based on the normalized mean-square error and the bit-error rate.
Relationship between Surface Properties and Water Repellency of Fluorochemical Finishes. (1996)

Water repellency of perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate (FA)/n-alkyl acrylate (AA) copolymers was dependent on the side chain length of the AAs. The surface properties were studied by dynamic contact angle, static contact angle and freeze-dried XPS, and the bulk ones by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and DSC. Water repellency was discussed from a standpoint of the molecular mobility of perfluoroalkyl (Rf) groups on the surface. The advancing contact angles for water were 120° and independent of the side chain length of AAs. The phenomenon was attributed to the orientation of Rf groups in air regardless of side chain length of AAs. On the contrary, the receding contact angles showed small values of about 45° for the carbon number of alkyls of AAs (n) below 8 and increased suddenly with increasing n above 12. From these results, the mechanism of water repellency was explained as follows. Low water repellency at n below 8 results from the regression of Rf groups from the water-solid interface to minimize the interface free energy. High water repellency at n above 12 shows that the motion of Rf groups was restricted due to crystallization of side chains. This mechanism was supported by other measurements.
Effect of magnesium sulfate on thrombus formation following partial arterial constriction: implications for coronary vasospasm. (1987)

The antithrombogenic effect of magnesium sulfate in vivo is shown at the site of endothelial damage induced by partial coronary and carotid artery constriction. The left anterior descending coronary artery of dogs and the right common carotid artery of rabbits were subjected to partial constriction with suture thread (40-60% reduction in transluminal diameter). Distal blood flow, as measured by electromagnetic flow probe, was not reduced. Scanning electron-microscopic examination of vessels fixed by glutaraledhyde perfusion and dried by the critical-point technique showed endothelial damage at the site of partial constriction ranging from crater- and balloon-like vesicular defects to cellular desquamation. Marked platelet deposition on exposed subendothelium and microthrombi could be seen with the maximum degree of luminal protrusion reaching 30% of the luminal diameter. Animals pretreated with magnesium sulfate (50 mg/kg, i.v.) showed platelet deposition restricted to a maximum of 1 or 2 discontinuous layers of platelets with most vessels showing only isolated platelets on exposed subendothelium. Microthrombi were not seen in any of the magnesium-treated animals. It is suggested that the therapeutic implications of magnesium in ischemic heart disease might be extended from its use in certain tachyarrhythmias and in arterial spasm associated with Prinzmetal's angina to the more classic episodes of ischemic heart disease where thrombus formation plays an unequivocally major role.
Three-year survival after four major post–cardiac operative complications* (2006)

Successful acute treatment and measures to identify and reduce the risk of major morbidities are necessary to improve outcome. In addition, long-term follow-up and management of morbidities are necessary to possibly improve long-term survival.
Wavelet-driven knowledge-based MRI calf muscle segmentation (2009)

We propose a novel representation of shape variation using diffusion wavelets, and a search paradigm based on local features. The representation can reflect arbitrary and continuous interdependencies in the training data. In contrast to state-of-the-art methods our approach during the learning stage optimizes the coefficients as well as the number and the position of landmarks using geometric constraints. During the learning stage the approach obtains a landmark shape model, based on diffusion maps. For the model search we apply an approach related to active feature models; the location of landmarks is updated iteratively, using local features, and the canonical correlation analysis. The resulting search is independent from the topology of the anatomical structure, and can represent complex geometric and photometric dependencies of the structure of interest. We report promising results on challenging medical data sets of T1 MRI full calf muscles.
Alumina trihydrate crystallization. Part 1. Secondary nucleation and growth rate kinetics (1976)

Abstract The kinetics of crystallization of alumina trihydroxide (hydrargillite) from caustic aluminate solutions of industrial composition (second stage BAYER process) were studied in a laboratory batch isothermal crystallizer. The yield and crystal size distribution of precipitate with time were obtained by varying the initial seed concentration. In this paper, the mass balance was used to determine nucleation and growth rate kinetics. First, from among the laws available in the literature, those which applied to alumina trihydrate crystallization were defined (model A). Kinetic constants of this model were calculated from experimental results. Then, a model based on a secondary nucleation mechanism was proposed (model B) that fits experimental data, and explains the induction periods found in the decomposition of aluminate solutions, even when seeds are present.
Parallel variable length decoding with inverse quantization for software MPEG-2 decoders (2002)

Fast methods of variable length decoding (VLD) and inverse quantization (IQ) are proposed for software MPEG-2 video decoders. In these methods, microprocessors with SIMD type instructions execute VLD and IQ efficiently. The use of memory-efficient tables enables decoding multiple variable length codewords concurrently. In addition, the concurrently decoded data are inversely quantized in parallel by making full use of SIMD type instructions. Combining these two methods achieves 27-32% reduction of the clock cycles for VLD and IQ compared to a conventional method. The proposed methods are particularly effective for high bitrate streams.
Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity ofWithania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (2012)

To investigate the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening Ethanol, methanol, Ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, Petroleum ether, hexane, hot water, and extracts of Withania somnifera. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts of Withania somnifera. The antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts of Withania somnifera were tested against the bacterial strains and fungus by observing the zone of inhibition. The Gram-positive bacteria used in the test were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus, and the Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiellapneumoniae, fungus like Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusflavus, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida kefyr. It was observed that ethanol; methanol, ethyl acetate, aceton, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexane and aquas extract showed activity against bacteria and fungus. The Ethanol extract of Withania somnifera showed more activity against Staphylococcus aureus, zone of diameter 20.10±0.17 mm and Methanol extract of Withania somnifera showed more activity against Candida albicans, zone of diameter 14.20±0.40 mm compared to other solvent extracts. In this study Ethanol extract in bacteria and methanol extract in fungus showed a varying degree of inhibition to the growth of tested organism, than Ethyl acetate, chloroform, aceton, Petroleum ether, hexane and hot water extracts.
Space-charge wave theory of photorefractive parametric amplification (1999)

The space-charge wave theory of photorefractive parametric amplification is presented. It describes the amplification process in which a strong running holographic grating pumps energy into a weak holographic grating. Compared with earlier theoretical presentations, the space-charge wave approach gives much deeper insight in the fundamental physical processes; in addition, the amplitude equation for the amplified holographic grating can be solved analytically.
α2β1 Integrin Promotes Chemoresistance against Doxorubicin in Cancer Cells through Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) (2012)

The role and the mechanisms by which β1 integrins regulate the survival and chemoresistance of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) still are poorly addressed. In this study, we demonstrate in T-ALL cell lines and primary blasts, that engagement of α2β1 integrin with its ligand collagen I (ColI), reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, whereas fibronectin (Fn) had no effect. ColI but not Fn inhibited doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. ColI but not Fn also prevented doxorubicin from down-regulating the levels of the prosurvival Bcl-2 protein family member Mcl-1. The effect of ColI on Mcl-1 occurred through the inhibition of doxorubicin-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Mcl-1 knockdown experiments showed that the maintenance of Mcl-1 levels is essential for ColI-mediated T-ALL cell survival. Furthermore, activation of MAPK/ERK, but not PI3K/AKT, is required for ColI-mediated inhibition of doxorubicin-induced JNK activation and apoptosis and for ColI-mediated maintenance of Mcl-1 levels. Thus, our study identifies α2β1 integrin as an important survival pathway in drug-induced apoptosis of T-ALL cells and suggests that its activation can contribute to the generation of drug resistance.
Modifications of microtubule proteins in ALS nerve precede detectable histologic and ultrastructural changes (1988)

Fast axonal transport is altered in nerves from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Microtubules are involved in axonal transport. We analyzed the possibility of an involvement of microtubule modifications underlying the alterations in transport using biochemical and morphologic analysis of intercostal nerves from ALS and control patients. In intercostal nerves displaying no morphologic signs of acute neuronal degeneration, two-dimensional gels showed modifications of the group of beta tubulins and abnormal spots of proteins, some appearing to be closely related to tau proteins. These results suggest that microtubule proteins are modified in ALS before ultrastructural axonal degeneration, but the significance of these abnormalities remains hypothetical.