gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration in the immunochemical dominance of determinants following the chemical modification of ox insulins: implications for the structure of the ox insulin monomer in solution. (1979)

Insulins of differing species, together with chemically modified insulins, were used in cross-reactivity experiments employing selected antisera raised to ox insulin in the Harley guinea-pig. The immunogen had been administered as a water-in-oil emulsion, using H. pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Antibody was generated by determinants in the C-terminus of the B chain plus the adjacent N-terminus of the A chain, in the central core of the A chain (A8-A14 region) and in its anti-parallel N-terminus of the B chain. From this antibody pool chemically modified ox insulin selected antibody to unaltered determinants. The immunochemical data were compatible with monomeric ox insulin being immunogenic, the immunogen perhaps being recognized by the immune system in the form of the Molecule-II rather than the Molecule-I of the dimer pair (as originally suggested by X-ray crystallographic data).
Studies on the antibacterial properties of the bile acids and some compounds derived from cholanic acid (1947)

Abstract In this work the bile acids and certain of their derivatives have been studied with regard to their bacteriostatic power and relative activities in removing the Gram-positive complex from yeast. No correlation between these properties was obtained. A simple relationship was apparent, however, between the bacteriostatic activities of the compounds and their ability to depress the surface tension of the metabolism medium. The limiting dilution at which the 'active' bile acids were bacteriostatic for Staphylococcus aureus corresponded to a depression of the surface tension of the medium by approximately 4∙5 dynes. The relationship between bacteriostatic power and surface activity was only valid for this particular series of compounds of closely related molecular structure.
Postoperative Analgesia of Intrathecal Morphine and Intramuscular Caroverine and Tiaprofenate in Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (2000)

Background: Intrathecal injection of morphine is widely used in the management of postoperative pain because it provides long-lasting analgesia. Intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate are used to produce postoperative pain relief. This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and quality of sleep achieved with intrathecal morphine and those of intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective TURP were randomly allocated into 2 groups as follows: Group M (n=20); 0.25 mg of morphine hydrochloride mixed in 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered at the time of induction of spinal anesthesia. Group S (n=20); 7.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally and caroverine and tiaprofenate intramuscularly at every 8 hr and 12hr postoperatively for management of postoperative pain. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy with visual analog scale (VAS), quality of sleep, and side effects. Results: VAS at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation were significantly less (p<0.01) in the group M than in the group S. Group M was superior to group S with respect to quality of sleep (p<0.01). In the group M, the incidence of nausea was 30% (6/20) and that of pruritus was 35% (7/20) and clinical respiratory depression did not occur. Conclusions: Intrathecal 0.25 mg morphine provides good postoperative analgesic effect. but intramuscular caroverine and tiaprofenate does not.
A novel gene derived from developing spinal cords, <i>SCDGF</i>, is a unique member of the PDGF/VEGF family (2000)

We isolated a novel gene designated spinal cord-derived growth factor (SCDGF). Its expression was increased in chick spinal cords with embryonic development and decreased after hatching. The amino acid sequences of chick and human SCDGFs revealed a putative signal sequence followed by a CUB domain and a region homologous to the members of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor family. Furthermore, human SCDGF secreted from the cells showed a mitogenic activity for 10T1/2 cells in vitro. These results led us to speculate that SCDGF plays an important role in the development of the spinal cord.
Mean shift, mode seeking, and clustering (1995)

Mean shift, a simple interactive procedure that shifts each data point to the average of data points in its neighborhood is generalized and analyzed in the paper. This generalization makes some k-means like clustering algorithms its special cases. It is shown that mean shift is a mode-seeking process on the surface constructed with a "shadow" kernal. For Gaussian kernels, mean shift is a gradient mapping. Convergence is studied for mean shift iterations. Cluster analysis if treated as a deterministic problem of finding a fixed point of mean shift that characterizes the data. Applications in clustering and Hough transform are demonstrated. Mean shift is also considered as an evolutionary strategy that performs multistart global optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heat-killed probiotic bacteria induce apoptosis of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line via the regulation of Bax/Bcl2 and caspases pathway (2019)

Apoptosis induction in cancer cells is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer and find anticancer compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of heat-killed indigenous probiotic bacteria and apoptosis induction in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The growth-inhibitory effects of probiotic heat-killed <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> isolated from the traditional Iranian food "Terxine" on the HT-29 cell line were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry by Annexin-FITC kit, DNA fragmentation assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and the expression of Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were used to analyze apoptosis. MTT results demonstrated that the heat-killed bacteria inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells and induced apoptosis in a time-, dose-, and strain-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that both bacteria could induce apoptosis in the HT-29 cell line. Heat-killed probiotic bacteria increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 mRNA levels in HT-29 cell lines. Also, heat-killed probiotic bacteria reduced the expression of Bcl2 in HT-29 cells. The heat-killed probiotic bacteria in this study exhibited potent growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells. The results demonstrated that <i>L. brevis</i> has a greater ability to inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells and induce apoptosis, compared with <i>L. paracasei.</i> It is proposed that these bacteria can be used as biological products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, pending further investigation.
Mass transfer in porous tissue engineering scaffolds (2008)

Scope and Method of Study: This study evaluated the effects of both local and global scale mass transport phenomena through degradable porous polymer matrices typically used in tissue engineering. Analytical, computational and experimental methods were used to explore changes in matrix permeability as well as flow distribution, pressure drop, shear stress, and nutrient consumption when maturing matrices in vitro.
A chronic and latent lymphatic insufficiency follows recovery from acute lymphedema in the rat foreleg (2012)

Secondary lymphedema in humans is a common consequence of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) to treat breast cancer. Remarkably, secondary lymphedema generally first appears following a delay of over a year and can be triggered suddenly by an inflammatory insult. However, it remains unclear why the apparently functional lymphatic system is unable to accommodate an inflammatory trigger. To provide mechanistic insight into the delayed and rapid secondary lymphedema initiation, we compared the ability of the ALND-recovered rat foreleg lymphatic system to prevent edema during an inflammatory challenge with that of the uninjured lymphatic system. At 73 days postsurgery, the forelegs of ALND(-)- and ALND(+)-sensitized rats were exposed to the proinflammatory agent oxazolone, which was found to reduce fluid drainage and increase skin thickness in both ALND(-) and ALND(+) forelegs (P < 0.05). However, drainage in the ALND-recovered forelegs was more severely impaired than ALND(-) forelegs, as visualized by indocyanine green lymphography and quantified by interstitial transport of fluid marker (P < 0.05). Although both ALND(+) and ALND(-) forelegs experienced significant inflammation-induced edema with the oxazolone exposure (P < 0.05), the peak tissue swelling in the ALND(+) group was significantly greater than that of the ALND(-) forelegs (arm area peaked at ∼13.4 vs. ∼5.7% swelling, respectively, P < 0.005; wrist diameter peaked at 9.7 vs. 2.2% swelling, respectively, P < 0.005). The findings demonstrate that outward recovery from ALND in the rat foreleg masks an ensuing chronic and latent lymphatic insufficiency, which reduces the ability of the foreleg lymphatic system to prevent edema during an acute inflammatory process.
Short-Term Inhibition of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by a Calcium-Receptor Agonist in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1997)

The calcimimetic drug R-568 reduces serum parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium concentrations in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Background noise reduction via dual-channel scheme for speech recognition in vehicular environment (2005)

An effective dual-channel noise reduction method is proposed and implemented to increase the performance of speech recognition in vehicular environment. While various single channel methods have already been developed and dual-channel methods have been investigated somewhat, their effectiveness in real environments, such as in vehicle, has not yet been formally proven in terms of achieving acceptable performance level. Our aim is to remedy the low performance of the single and dual-channel noise reduction methods. In particular, we propose a dual-channel noise reduction method based on a high-pass filter and front-end processing of the eigen-decomposition method. Representative experiments were conducted with a real multi-channel vehicular corpus and results were compared with each other in various multiple-microphone arrangements. From the analysis and results, we show that the enhanced eigen-decomposition method combined with high-pass filter indeed significantly improves the speech recognition performance under dual-channel environment.
Real- Time High Fidelity Audio for Networked Music Performance (2014)

Audio transmission over the Internet is a vital component of modern communications, and digital formats have mostly supplanted physical media for the creation and delivery of cultural content by musicians. From the perspective of artists, access to computers and the Internet democratize the creation and distribution of media, allowing content creators much greater freedom. Just as the MP3 revolution and the growth of Bit Torrent revolutionized the distribution of recorded music, increasingly fast Internet connection speeds lead us toward a future wherein musicians in different geographic areas will be able to record or perform music together in real time, bypassing the need for immediate physical proximity. This concept, known generally as networked music performance, is an increasingly viable means of creative expression for the general public, whereas previous implementations required specialized laboratory environments. As the speed of data connections increases year after year and newer encoding techniques emerge, we approach a tipping point at which the general Internet-using public may collaborate at audio fidelity levels that effectively equal the quality of the original audio source. In the field of communications, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) platforms continue to gain market share as a means of providing efficient and reliable real-time voice services by utilizing the Internet Protocol (I P) over a packet- switched network, and this has led to the development of increasingly mature encoding formats for delivering high-quality sound. As a result, live audio data encoded in real time for VoIP approaches audio fidelity levels acceptable for music without the onerous bandwidth requirements of transmitting uncompressed signals over a network. Until recently, the vast majority of encoding formats available to the general public failed to meet adequate performance requirements for delivery of high fidelity audio data with very low latency, but the emergence of the open source Opus audio format provides a viable mechanism to transmit live music at an acceptable quality of service. In this study, I utilize VoIP network protocols and the Opus audio format to allow two (or potentially more) musicians to perform together at the highest possible level of audio fidelity. My experiments employ a variety of configurations and modifications to Opus and network transmission media with the goal of determining how best to deliver the highest quality audio possible given the speed of a network connection over time. The purpose of my study is to prove the viability of Opus and current technologies for networked music performance by establishing realistic constraints for transmitting audio via current Internet connection speeds, creating a program that utilizes network feedback to adjust the fidelity of encoding to ensure on-time delivery and qualitatively analyzing the fidelity of audio transmitted to the destination.
Properties of anti-mycolic acid antibodies in human tuberculosis patients (2004)

Tuberculosis has re-emerged as a global health threat today. Current tuberculosis diagnosis is too slow in general and unsensitive in HIV burdened populations. Exposure to mycobacterial antigens in a country with a high prevalence of tuberculosis leads to false positive test results. Serodiagnosis would have been ideal, but was hitherto not successful. Mycolic acid (MA) is the major lipid cell wall constituent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of this disease. In this study an antibody response to the MA molecules are investigated as a possible surrogate marker for tuberculosis. In previous studies, IgG antibodies to MA in TB infected, HIV seronegative patients were detected in human sera, with promising results. In this study the ELISA results detecting anti-IgG antibodies to MA in TB and HIV co-infected patients showed a low sensitivity and specificity. The study, however, showed that antibodies to MA are prevalent in HIV seropositive patients. The presentation of MA on the CD1 molecule to T cells might explain why anti-MA antibodies are detected in HIV seropositive patients. The properties of anti-mycolic acid antibodies were investigated to explain the low sensitivities and specificities of the ELISA test. An ELISA was done comparing signals to MA and cholesterol as coating antigen. A degree of cross-reactivity of anti-MA antibodies to cholesterol was obtained. In using the IAsys biosensor it was shown that anti-MA antibodies were inhibited with MA and cholesterol as antigens in liposomes with cholesterol as the weaker antigen. An antibody response to MA might prove to be a good surrogate marker for tuberculosis when measured in an IAsys biosensor based serodiagnostic test, where the serodiagnosis does not depend on the detection of high affinity anti-MA antibodies only.
Chalcones X : Syntheses of Naphthalene Chalcone Analogues (1972)

Department of Chemistry, H. B. Technological Institute, Kanpur <em>Received 23 October 1971</em> Chalcones X : Syntheses of Naphthalene Chalcone Analogues.
Root aeration in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>): evaluation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene as possible regulators of root acclimatizations (2006)

Adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa) acclimatize to root-zone O(2) deficiency by increasing porosity, and induction of a barrier to radial O(2) loss (ROL) in basal zones, to enhance longitudinal O(2) diffusion towards the root tip. Changes in root-zone gas composition that might induce these acclimatizations, namely low O(2), elevated ethylene, ethylene-low O(2) interactions, and high CO(2), were evaluated in hydroponic experiments. Neither low O(2) (0 or 0.028 mol m(-3) O(2)), ethylene (0.2 or 2.0 microl l(-1)), or combinations of these treatments, induced the barrier to ROL. This lack of induction of the barrier to ROL was despite a positive response of aerenchyma formation to low O(2) and elevated ethylene. Carbon dioxide at 10 kPa had no effect on root porosity, the barrier to ROL, or on growth. Our findings that ethylene does not induce the barrier to ROL in roots of rice, even though it can enhance aerenchyma formation, shows that these two acclimatizations for improved root aeration are differentially regulated.
Filtration media: Advantages of nanofibre coating technology (2009)

This article, by John Wertz and Immo Schneiders of Hollingsworth & Vose, looks at the advantages of a new and advanced nanofibre coating technology for filtration media compared to the electrospinning process, and introduces a next-generation nanofibre technology specifically designed to enhance filtration media.
Sympathetic reflex control of blood flow in human peripheral tissues. (1991)

Sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes are essential for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure in upright position. It has been generally believed that supraspinal sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes elicited by changes in baroreceptor activity play an important role. Recent studies on human skeletal muscle, cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the limbs indicate that the situation is more complex. Measurements have been carried out during acute as well as chronic sympathetic denervation. Spinal sympathetic reflex mechanisms have been evaluated in tetraplegic patients, where supraspinal sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes are blocked. Blood flow has been measure by the local 133Xe-technique. The results indicate the presence of spinal as well as supraspinal sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes to human peripheral tissues. Especially is emphasized the presence of a local sympathetic veno-arteriolar axon reflex which is elicited by increase in venous transmural pressure of more than about 25 mm Hg. Finally, centrally elicited vasoconstrictor activity is modified by simultaneously activating the local veno-arteriolar axon reflex or vice versa by means of an intraneuronal impulse inhibition due to collision of normodromically and antidromically conducted impulses in efferent sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers. The evidence obtained suggests that sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes to postural changes are complex and highly differentiated.
Impact of Assay Epitope Specificity in Gastrinoma Diagnosis (2003)

The antral hormone gastrin regulates gastric acid secretion and growth of the gastric mucosa (1). As a result of the elaborate cellular maturation process of progastrin, the antral G cells release a mixture of different acid-stimulatory gastrins and other precursor fragments to the circulation (2). This mixture comprises gastrin-71, -52, -34, -17, -14, and -6, all of which are carboxyamidated and circulate in an O-sulfated and nonsulfated form. The dominant gastrin forms in serum from healthy humans are amidated gastrin-34 and -17 [for a review, see Ref. (3)]. In cases of increased gastrin synthesis, however, as seen in patients with hypo- and achlorhydric gastritis and gastrin-producing tumors, i.e., gastrinomas, the serum or plasma pattern molecular pattern changes to larger molecular forms and more incompletely processed precursors (4)(5)(6). Hence, only little gastrin-17 may be present in serum from hypergastrinemic patients, although gastrin-17 is the predominant tissue form in healthy antral mucosa.

In clinical chemistry, the only well-indicated routine use of gastrin assays is in the diagnosis of gastrinomas, i.e., the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (7)(8). Gastrin assays for diagnostic purposes (usually RIA or ELISA) should preferably measure all forms of gastrin. Although assays specific for only one molecular gastrin form may be of interest in biochemical research, such assays pose a significant diagnostic problem. In the following, …
On Static Memory Allocation in Computer Systems (1970)

An algorithm for allocation of memory resources is presented making use of a priori information about a computer program. This static allocation algorithm is based on a directed graph model of computations with particular attention to the memory allocation of programs assigned for execution on multiprocessor systems.
Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)/Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning (2011)

Poly(buthylene terephthalate)(PBT)/single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The effect of carbon nanotubes on the morphology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of the electrospun composite nanofibers were investigated by SEM, DSC, and tensile testing, respectively. SEM observations indicated that the presence of SWCNTs resulted in finer nanofibers for lower loading; however, a broader distribution, especially for the higher diameter ranges was found for nanofibers with higher amounts of carbon nanotubes. SWCNTs accelerated crystallization and acted as a nucleating agent; the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing content of SWCNTs, followed by a moderate decrease at higher content. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the PBT/SWCNTs composite nanofibers mats were higher than that of neat PBT nanofibers mat. However, the elongation at break of composite nanofibers mats was lower than that of the neat PBT nanofibers mat.
Properties of a Radiographic System with Lead Oxide Binder Layers (1977)

On account of its high X-ray absorbance tetragonal lead oxide is of interest as a photoconductor for electroradiographic systems. Since layers of sufficient thickness and size are necessary, binder layers of this substance have been investigated. The various steps in the preparation of PbO binder layers are reported: these are the preparation of the powder and Its processing to form a layer, and the final treatment of the layer to obtain a high X-ray sensitivity. Binder layers cannot readily be used for the classical formation of X-ray images (e.g. in xeroradiography) because of the porosity and insufficient mechanical stability of the layers. A procedure is reported in which the latent electrostatic charge image can be produced directly on dielectric foils.