gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Justice Is Strife (1991)

It has always been recognized that proposals about the sense of ‘reason’ and ‘rationality’ will have moral and political implications. I shall argue that it has been a misfortune that the term ‘reason’ was interpreted by Plato and Aristotle as referring to a faculty of the divided soul. The parallel between the city/social order, rightly conceived and planed, and the soul, put in order by nature, is carefully worked out. In it, political choice is to be guided by the analogy with the natural subordinations recognized in the soul. I suggest that, reversing the tradition, we start at the other end of the analogy and proceed in the opposite direction, and look at the ways that natural rational processes have both a public and inner mental use.
The yin and yang of the Cdkn2a locus in senescence and aging (2008)

Senescence of cultured cells involves activation of the p19(Arf)-p53 and the p16(Ink4a)-Rb tumor suppressor pathways. This, together with the observation that p19(Arf) and p16(Ink4a) expression increases with age in many tissues of humans and rodents, led to the speculation that these pathways drive in vivo senescence and natural aging. However, it has been difficult to test this hypothesis using a mammalian model system because inactivation of either of these pathways results in early death from tumors. One approach to bypass this problem would be to inactivate these pathways in a murine segmental progeria model such as mice that express low amounts of the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1 (BubR1 hypomorphic mice). These mice have a five-fold reduced lifespan and develop a variety of early-aging associated phenotypes including cachetic dwarfism, skeletal muscle degeneration, cataracts, arterial stiffening, (subcutaneous) fat loss, reduced stress tolerance and impaired wound healing. Importantly, BubR1 hypomorphism elevates both p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf) expression in skeletal muscle and fat. Inactivation of p16(Ink4a) in BubR1 mutant mice delays both cellular senescence and aging specifically in these tissues. Surprisingly, however, inactivation of p19(Arf) has the opposite effect; it exacerbates in vivo senescence and aging in skeletal muscle and fat. These mouse studies suggest that p16(Ink4a) is indeed an effector of aging and in vivo senescence, but p19(Arf) an attenuator. Thus, the role of the p19(Arf)-p53 pathway in aging and in vivo senescence seems far more complex than previously anticipated.
Editorial (1999)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Development of broadband multi-channel NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) imaging system for quantification of spatial distribution of hemoglobin derivatives (2007)

In this study, we report the development of a near infrared broadband, steady-state, multi-channel imaging system to quantify hemodynamic parameters, which is to be used for measuring the rat brain tumors in vivo. The imager was calibrated with laboratory phantoms to eliminate spectral effects of the CCD spectrometers, optical fibers, and multiplexer channels. The calibration procedures also help determine the source strength in order to obtain accurate image reconstructions. A multi-channel, multi-wavelength, spectrally constrained reconstruction algorithm is under development to obtain tomographic maps of concentrations of hemoglobin derivatives and reduced scattering coefficients. The developed imaging system and reconstruction algorithm were validated with dynamic multi-tube phantoms.
Highly Regioselective Silylation of α,β-Dihydroxyphosphonates: An Application to Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Amino-β-hydroxyphosphonic Acid Derivatives (1995)

tert-Butyldimethylsilylation of threo-α,β-dihydroxyphosphonates 1 and 6a,c-e proceeded with high degree of regioselectivity to give the corresponding β-siloxy derivatives. As an application of these findings, a stereocontrolled synthesis of erythro-α-amino-β-siloxyphosphonate 9 was achieved in an optically active form from α,β-dihydroxyphosphonate 1.
Computer Recognition of Roads from Satellite Pictures (1976)

A program which recognizes real roads, their intersections, and objects which are road-like is presented. Although the work has been strongly motivated by the real roads as they are seen from the ERTS satellite, the visual model of a road can be used for recognition of any road-like objects. This model is structured in such a way that it can handle real roads as well as rivers and streams as they are seen on satellite pictures, tracks in bubble chambers, and veins under the appropriate magnification.
Glucocorticoid Receptor-induced Down-regulation of MMP-9 by Ginseng Components, PD and PT Contributes to Inhibition of the Invasive Capacity of HT1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells (1999)

We examined the effects of the purified ginseng components, panaxadiol (PD) and panaxatriol (PT), on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in highly metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. A significant down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT was detected by Northern blot analysis. However, the expression of MMP-2 was not changed by treatment with PD and PT. Quantitative gelatin based zymography confirmed a markedly reduced expression of MMP-9, but not MMP-2 in the treatment of PD and PT. To investigate whether the reduced level of MMP-9 by PD and PT affects the invasive capacity of HT1080 cells, we conducted an in vitro invasion assay with PD and PT treated cells. The results of the in vitro invasion assay revealed that PD and PT reduced tumor cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane in the transwell chamber. Because of the similarity of chemical structure between PD, PT and dexamethasone (Dexa), a synthetic glucocorticoid, we investigated whether the down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT were mediated by the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Increased GR in the nucleus of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells treated by PD and PT was detected by immunocytochemistry. Western blot and gel retardation assays confirmed the increase of GR in the nucleus after treatment with PD and PT. These results suggest that GR-induced down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT contributes to reduce the invasive capacity of HT1080 cells.
New bile alcohols II: Synthesis and mass spectra of C<sub>26</sub> bile alcohols (1977)

Abstract and Summary The synthesis of (23α‐) and (23β‐)24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α,23,25‐tetrols (VII‐a and VII‐b) and 24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α,25,26‐tetrol (VIII) is described. Dehydration of 24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α,25‐triol (II) (synthesized from methyl chenodeoxycholate via a Grignard reaction) with acetic anhydride and acetic acid yielded two unsaturated compounds. These were oxidized with osmium tetroxide to produce a mixture of 24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α‐diacetoxy‐23ξ,25‐diol (V) and 24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α‐diacetoxy‐25,26‐diol (VI). After separating these diols (V and VI) by column chromatography, each compound was hydrolyzed with KOH to give 24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α,23ξ,25‐tetrol (VII) and 24‐nor‐5β‐cholestane‐3α,7α,25,26‐tetrol (VIII), respectively. Two isomers of the tetrol (VII) were separated using alumina column chromatography (VII‐a and VII‐b).
PREDICTION OF CREEP FAILURES OF LEAD IN BENDING FROM TENSILE DATA (1957)

experimental data. The creep data on both unaged and aged specimens are presented in tabular form along with creep curves for each test. The rupture time data are compared with the ASME Code Case minimum curve at each test temperature in the range from 538 to 704{sup 0}C. The experimental rupture time data are also compared with the values predicted by using the rupture model based on elevated-temperature ultimate tensile strength. A creep ductility trend curve was developed on the basis of the reference heat data and those published in the literature on nitrogen effects. To characterize the data fully, information was also supplied on vendor, product form, fabrication method, material condition (mill-annealed vs laboratory annealed and aged), grain size, and chemical composition for various heats. Test procedures used for tensile and creep results are also discussed.
Enzyme Mediated Site-Specific Surface Modification (2010)

Stable tethering of bioactive peptides like RGD to surfaces can be achieved via chemical bonding, biotin streptavidin interaction, or photocross-linking. More challenging is the immobilization of proteins, since methods applied to immobilize peptides are either not specific or versatile enough or might even compromise the protein's bioactivity. To overcome this limitation, we have employed a scheme that by enzymatic (transglutaminase) reaction allows the site-directed and site-specific coupling of growth factors and other molecules to nonfouling poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) coated surfaces under physiological conditions. By our modular and flexible design principle, we are able to functionalize these surfaces directly with peptides and growth factors or precisely position poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-like hydrogels for the presentation of growth factors as exemplified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
A theoretical and experimental study of interfacial tension of immiscible polymer blends in solution (1987)

The interfacial properties of demixed solutions of polymer blends are studied. We develop a theory of interfacial concentration profiles taking into account excluded volume effects which are important in solutions. The predictions differ considerably from those obtained by classical mean-field approaches, especially concerning the interfacial thickness. The theory allows us to calculate the interfacial thickness and interfacial tension without any adjustable factor. We measured interfacial tension of demixed poly(styrene)–poly(dimenthylsiloxane) mixtures dissolved in toluene as a function of molecular weight of polymers and monomer concentration. A very good agreement with theoretical predictions is found.
Bilateral comparison of photorefractive keratectomy for myopia using two excimer lasers. (1999)

Both lasers were effective with relatively low side effects. No significant difference was found between the two lasers in postoperative uncorrected visual acuity or refractive outcome. Eyes operated with the Nidek laser had less persistent hyperopia and stabilized earlier.
Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a new anthrapyrazole, CI-937 (DUP937). (1991)

We performed a phase I trial of CI-937 (DUP937), an anthrapyrazole, with the following objectives: (a) to determine the maximally tolerated dose in humans; (b) to define the toxicity spectrum of this agent; (c) to describe the pharmacokinetics of the drug; (d) to test a pharmacokinetics based hypothesis of dose escalation; and (e) to relate drug pharmacokinetics to pharmacodynamics. CI-937 was administered as a single bolus injection every 3-4 weeks at doses ranging from 3.6 to 25.2 mg/m2. Thirty-two patients and 57 courses were evaluable for toxicity. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in 30 patients on the first course using a sensitive and selective radioimmunoassay. The maximally tolerated dose in patients with no prior therapy was 25.2 mg/m2 and dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and alopecia were mild. A partial response was recorded in a patient with mesothelioma. The area under the curve increased linearly with dose, and total body clearance of CI-937 was independent of dose. The mean total body clearance was 107 +/- 55.8 ml/min/m2, mean steady state volume of distribution was 492 +/- 469 liters/m2, and terminal half-life was 3.78 +/- 2.86 days. The extended factors of 2 methods of pharmacologically guided dose escalation were intended for use but ultimately were equivalent to that of the modified Fibonacci dose escalation method. Dose and the area under the curve were significant predictors of a percentage change in WBC and neutrophil count in a univariate analysis. Only dose and baseline neutrophil count predicted a percentage change in WBCs in a multifactor analysis. Dose and prior chemotherapy predicted percentage change in neutrophil count in a multifactor analysis. We conclude that the dose-limiting toxicity of CI-937 is neutropenia and that the recommended phase II starting dose is 22 mg/m2.
Hepcidin: Homeostasis and Diseases Related to Iron Metabolism (2017)

Iron is an essential metal for cell survival that is regulated by the peptide hormone hepcidin. However, its influence on certain diseases is directly related to iron metabolism or secondary to underlying diseases. Genetic alterations influence the serum hepcidin concentration, which can lead to an iron overload in tissues, as observed in haemochromatosis, in which serum hepcidin or defective hepcidin synthesis is observed. Another genetic imbalance of iron is iron-refractory anaemia, in which serum concentrations of hepcidin are increased, precluding the flow and efflux of extra- and intracellular iron. During the pathogenesis of certain diseases, the resulting oxidative stress, as well as the increase in inflammatory cytokines, influences the transcription of the HAMP gene to generate a secondary anaemia due to the increase in the serum concentration of hepcidin. To date, there is no available drug to inhibit or enhance hepcidin transcription, mostly due to the cytotoxicity described in the in vitro models. The proposed therapeutic targets are still in the early stages of clinical trials. Some candidates are promising, such as heparin derivatives and minihepcidins. This review describes the main pathways of systemic and genetic regulation of hepcidin, as well as its influence on the disorders related to iron metabolism.
Evaluating In Situ Treatment Technologies for Buried Mixed Waste Remediation at the INEEL (1999)

Mixed radioactive and hazardous wastes were buried at the Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Subsurface Disposal Area from 1952 to 1969. To begin the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) remediation process for the Subsurface Disposal Area, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) added the INEEL to its National Priorities List in 1989. DOE's Office of Environmental Restoration is planning several CERCLA treatability studies of remedial technologies that will be evaluated for potential remediation of the buried waste in the Subsurface Disposal Area. This paper discusses the in situ treatability studies that will be performed, including in situ vitrification, in situ grouting, and in situ thermal desorption. The in situ treatability studies will be conducted on simulated and actual buried wastes at the INEEL in 1999 and 2000. Results from the treatability studies will provide substantial information on the feasibility, implementability, and cost of applying these technologies to the INEEL Subsurface Disposal Area. In addition, much of the treatability study data will be applicable to buried waste site remediation efforts across the DOE complex.
The challenges of finding the gene responsible for a rare, autosomal dominant gastric cancer susceptibility syndrome (2012)

Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis of the Stomach (GAPPS) is a newly described, rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by fundic gland polyposis with occasional hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. We diagnosed GAPPS in a large Australian (Family 1) and two smaller North American families (Family 2 and 3). Mutations in APC, MUTYH, CDH1, SMAD4, BMPR1A, STK11 and PTEN were excluded in all families by sequence analysis of exons and flanking regions, as well as by assays for deletion or duplication of exons. We mapped the GAPPS gene in Family 1 by linkage analysis (LOD score 4.21) to a 20Mb region which contains about 60 genes. Short tandem repeat genotyping showed that the affected members of Family 2 share a haplotype in this 20Mb region, but analysis of Affymetrix SNP 6.0 data from three affected members of Family 2 showed that they also shared several other regions of the genome. However, both Family 2 and 3 are too small for definitive linkage analysis.

We have carried out full exome sequencing for three affected individuals in Family 1 (and targeted sequencing of the linked region in another individual), and of three affected members of Family 2. We did not find any rare coding or splice site variants in the linked region that were shared by all affected members of Family 1; nor any from the same region in both affected members of Family 2. All coding exons and miR genes in the linked region have been sequenced at least 30X at every base, or by Sanger sequencing, except for seven exons for which Sanger sequencing is yet to be completed. We will also use Sanger sequencing to improve the coverage of exons in the linked region in Family 2.

However, our current hypothesis is that non-coding mutations in the linked region are responsible for the GAPPS syndrome in both Families 1 and 2 and so whole genome sequence analysis for two affected members in Family 1 has been performed and analysis is underway.
Observation of Temporal Vector Soliton Propagation and Collision in Birefringent Fiber (2007)

We report the experimental observation of temporal vector soliton propagation and collision in a linearly birefringent optical fiber. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is both the first demonstration of temporal vector solitons with two mutually incoherent component fields, and of vector soliton collisions in a Kerr nonlinear medium. Collisions are characterized by an intensity redistribution between the two components, and the experimental results agree with numerical predictions of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Photometric variability of the young star DI Cep (2004)

We analyse our new and our previously published optical photometric data on DI Cep, a classical T Tau star. We study the variability of optical brightness with different temporal and amplitude characteristics. On a long-term scale, DI Cep shows 14–19 year cycles of variations with a magnitude of amplitude from 0.1 to 0.5 in different cycles. We also found a period of 9.185 days in the variations in the U-V colour. Probably, this period is connected with the rotation of a hot spot on DI Cep.
Single and Multiple Lewis Sites of MgO:  A Combined IR and ab Initio Study with CD<sub>3</sub>CN as a Molecular Probe (1996)

CD3CN is used for the first time for characterizing Lewis sites of MgO ex-hydroxide in a combined IR and ab initio study. Four ν(CN) bands of coordinated CD3CN species are observed at 2317, 2302, 2293, and 2280 cm-1 at low coverages. The 2302 and 2293 cm-1 bands are attributed to CD3CN on Mg3c and Mg4c sites at the intersections of regular MgO faces of the (001) type. The 2317 and 2280 cm-1 bands are assigned to CD3CN stabilized by two neighboring Mg4c sites on (110) defect faces and by two neighboring Mg3c sites at the intersections of the (001) and (110) faces, respectively. This assignment is supported by the theoretical reproduction of the experimental Δν(CN) shifts to an accuracy of a few cm-1. The only other detected ν(CN) band, which appears at high coverages, is the ν(CN) = 2261 cm-1 band of liquid CD3CN. This fact and results of frequency and energy analyses suggest the energy of CD3CN adsorption on Mg5c sites of the (001) faces to be smaller than the energy of CD3CN liquefaction.
Anisotropic ultrafast electron dynamics induced by high-field terahertz pulses in n-doped (2010)

The anisotropic effective mass of electrons is directly measured using time-resolved THz- pump/THz-probe techniques in a n-doped InGaAs semiconductor thin film. A microscopic theory is used to attribute this anisotropy in the THz probe transmission to the nonparabolicity of the conduction band. Self-consistent light-matter coupling is shown to contribute significantly to the THz response.
Muscle derived motoneuron trophic factors promote the survival of motoneurons in vitro only when serum is present in the growth medium (1991)

Motoneuron cultures were established from E6 chick spinal cord. Motoneurons survived for less than 2 days in chemically defined medium. The addition of muscle extract to the medium supported the survival of only a small portion (approximately 2%) of motoneurons for 8 days in vitro. A similar low survival rate was observed when the growth medium was supplemented with serum. The addition of muscle extract to serum containing medium resulted in the survival of about 20% of the motoneurons for 8 days. No differences were seen in the ability of tissue extracts prepared from E8 hindlimb, or muscle obtained from E11, E15, E18 and P3 chicks to support motoneuron survival in the presence of serum. It is apparent that although there are trophic factors present in muscle that support motoneuron survival in vitro, the actions of such trophic factors are dependent upon the presence of yet other factors found in serum.
A novel OPTOC-based clustering algorithm for gene expression data analysis (2004)

Cluster analysis of gene expression data is useful for identifying biologically relevant groups of genes. However, finding the correct clusters in the data and estimating the correct number of clusters are still two largely unsolved problems. In this paper, we propose a new clustering framework that is able to address both these problems. By using the one-prototype-take-one-cluster (OPTOC) competitive learning paradigm, the proposed algorithm can find natural clusters in the input data, and the clustering solution is not sensitive to initialization. In order to estimate the number of distinct clusters in the data, an over-clustering and merging strategy is proposed. For validation, we applied the new algorithm to both simulated gene expression data and real gene expression data (expression changes during yeast cell cycle). The results clearly indicate the effectiveness of our method.
Taking Advantage of Phosphate Functionalized Waterborne Acrylic Binders to Get Rid of Inhibitors in Direct-to-Metal Paints (2022)

In this paper, two phosphate functionalized acrylic binders are formulated to yield direct-to-metal paints without using corrosion inhibitors. The difference between both binders is the addition of polystearylacrylate crystalline nanodomains in one of them, and an amorphous methyl methacylate-co-butyl acrylate copolymer in the other. The water sensitivity, mechanical stability, adhesion, and the performance of the paints against corrosion (high humidity resistance, accelerated weathering, and salt-spray tests) are assessed and compared with a DTM paint formulated from a commercial binder. The performance of both phosphate functionalized paints formulated without corrosion inhibitors in high humidity and weathering tests is superior to the commercial DTM paint formulated without corrosion inhibitors and similar to the DTM paint formulated with them. Furthermore, the paint based on the amorphous copolymer binder provides significantly good performance in the salt spray test (even superior to that of the DTM paint formulated with corrosion inhibitors).