gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas and Odor Emissions from Swine Building Materials (2002)

Gas and odor emissions produced by twelve different materials commonly used in atypical swine building were measured. After being submerged for 72 hours in swine manure, materialsamples were thereafter randomly introduced in twelve monitoring testing chambers. The stainlesssteel testing chambers allowed a precise control of the interior temperature, relative humidity, airspeed and airflow. Samples remained in chambers for a 24-hour desorption period during which theemission of the following gas NH3, CH4, N2O and CO2 were measured continuously. At the end of thedesorption period, the air in each testing chamber was sampled in a large tedlar bag for thedetermination of the odor concentration with a dynamic olfactometer using a human panel.Olfactometry results showed that plastics, like plastisol and HDPE, and plywood were the mostodorous materials followed by concretes, PVC, galvanized steel and cast iron. Over the period ofdesorption, NH3 emissions were relatively constant. The highest NH3 emissions, was produced bythe 30 MPa normal concrete, it reached a maximum of about 175 mg/m2/h. CO2 emission weresimilar for all materials. It increased linearly with time.
Sequence specificity of illegitimate plasmid recombination in Bacillus subtilis: Possible recognition sites for DNA topoisomerase I (1998)

Previous work in our group indicated that structural plasmid instability in Bacillus subtilis is often caused by illegitimate recombination between non-repeated sequences, characterized by a relatively high AT content. Recently we developed a positive selection vector for analysis of plasmid recombination events in B. subtilis which enables measurement of recombination frequencies without interference of selective growth differences of cells carrying wild-type or deleted plasmids. Here we have used this system to further analyse the sequence specificity of illegitimate plasmid recombination events and to assess the role of the host-encoded DNA topoisomerase I enzyme in this process. Several lines of evidence suggest that single-strand DNA nicks introduced by DNA topoisomerase I are a major source of plasmid deletions in pGP100. First, strains overproducing DNA topoisomerase I showed increased levels of plasmid deletion. Second, these deletions occurred predominantly (>90% of the recombinants) between non-repeated DNA sequences, the majority of which resemble potential DNA topoisomerase I target sites. Sequence alignment of 66 deletion end-points confirmed the previously reported high AT content and, most importantly, revealed a highly conserved C residue at position -4 relative to the site of cleavage at both deletion termini. Based on these genetic data we propose the following putative consensus cleavage site for DNA topoisomerase I of B.subtilis: 5'-A/TCATA/TTAA/TA/TA-3'.
Mid-infrared spectroscopy of laser filamentation in optics (2019)

This work seeks to explore the interplay between material differences in the nonlinear index of refraction <i>n</i><sub>2</sub> and zero group velocity dispersion wavelength λ<sub>GVD</sub> in the formation of spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation. We present mid-wave infrared (MWIR) spectroscopic data of the transmitted 200 fs (FWHM) laser pulse through polycrystalline zinc selenide and polycrystalline zinc sulfide (Cleartran™) optical materials. Using MWIR laser wavelengths between 3.3 and 3.8 μm, we vary the laser energy between roughly 1 and 126 μJ and focus the laser pulses into the materials using lenses of four different focal lengths. This allows us to analyze not only how the nonlinear frequency broadening of the fundamental wavelength varies with increasing pulse energy, but also how it varies with increasing peak intensities when the pulse energy is kept fixed. These results are discussed along with possible implications on the importance of both laser energy and peak intensity in producing supercontinuum for a material with a given <i>n</i><sub>2</sub> and λ<sub>GVD</sub>. Understanding of these practical considerations is essential for assessing material effects to MWIR ultrashort pulsed lasers.
[Efficacy of intracisternal papaverine on symptomatic vasospasm]. (1986)

This study reports the effect of intracisternal administration of papaverine in 15 patients with vasospasm due to rupture of aneurysm. All patients had undergone clipping of aneurysm and had neurological deterioration and decreasing level of consciousness. Bolus injection of 40 mg of 1% papaverine hydrochloride was started on day 6.3 +/- 1.7 and continued for 4.4 +/- 1.6 days. In seven cases serial angiogram after initial dose revealed dilatation of IC and/or anterior, middle cerebral arteries at 30 min and further dilatation up to 85% increase in diameter at 60 min, which continued at least 90 min. Arteries with marked vasospasm responded more to papaverine than those with less vasospasm. There was a close correlation between degree of vasospasm and vasodilatation effect (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01). In all but two cases vasodilatation tended to become prominent by repeat doses, twice a day, for two to seven days (r = 0.87, p less than 0.01). Vasodilatation was observed only in IC and proximal trunks of ACA and MCA where papaverine could make direct contact, but not in the distal branches beyond A3 or M3. Neurological examination showed improvement of paresis or level of consciousness in 7 cases but no effect in 6 cases. Intracerebral hematoma occurred in two cases (one by high concentration 4% papaverine) during the treatment. Therefore intracisternal papaverine is the treatment of choice in cases with symptomatic vasospasm with some cautions on concentration to be administered.
Vision-based extraction of micro object geometry for micro world observation (2004)

Operators suffer much difficulty in manipulating micro/nano-sized objects without the assistance of human-machine interfaces due to scaling effects. We developed an immersive visual interface for observation of micro-objects under an optical microscope. As the image of the microscope is two-dimensional, so it is hard to observe the workspace in the 3-D space. To improve the real-time observation and manipulation, we proposed a real-time 3-D reconstruction of the micro world using image processing techniques and virtualized reality techniques. The proposed system guides the operator's gesture along a desired path immerged in the augmented virtual workspace.
Investigation on Infectious Bursal Disease Outbreak in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia (2005)

2 Abstract: An outbreak of infectious bursal disease affecting 20-45 days old broiler and layer chickens was investigated for the first time in Ethiopia in the months of March and April 2002. Death of chickens started at the 30 day of age and continues to the 55 day. The mortality rate of the disease in different poultry houses th th ranges from 45-50 %. The over all mortality rate was 49.89%. Broiler mortality was 56.09% while 25.08% for layer chickens. The major clinical symptoms were sudden drop in feed and water consumption, sever depression, white watery droppings and mass death. Grossly, hemorrhages in leg muscles, degeneration of the pectoral muscle, white mass (Urate deposit) in kidneys and in Cloaca were frequently observed during post mortem examination. In addition, haemorrhagic & swollen bursas filled with straw colored fluid were identified in few cases. Histopathology revealed hyperplasia of the reticulo-endothelia cells and interfollicular tissue of affected bursa of fabricius. The Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion (AGID) Test detected precipitating antibodies against Infectious Bursal disease virus in sera collected from convalescent chicken. Virus cytopathic effect was observed in chicken fibroblast cells (CFC) inoculated with bursa and spleen tissue suspension of sick chicken. Vaccination failures were encountered to Newcastle disease vaccine (Clone 30). This paper probably is the first to report the occurrence of infectious bursal disease in Ethiopia as the country has been known to be free from Infectious Bursal Disease(IBD).
Electrochemotherapy (2007)

Electrochemotherapy parameters optimized in vitro are applicable in vivo. This treatment is effective in athymic nude mice for all histologic types indicating a nonimmunologic mode of action. In clinical application, electrochemotherapy is an effective, safe, and reproducible therapy. Patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous tumors previously refractory to surgical intervention, systemic chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy responded successfully irrespective of histologic type.
Correlations between mechanical and electrical parameters of modified electrically conductive adhesives (2011)

In our previous research, only electrical properties in dependence on different substrates and after various straining were measured or only mechanical parameters of a bulk adhesive were observed. The aim of this work is to put in contrast electrical resistance and mechanical properties (shear strength) of joints realized using electrically conductive adhesives. Two types of 2-component adhesives and seven modifications of two single-component adhesives were tested.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of MyD88-dependent, superoxide-initiated inflammation is necessary for flow-mediated inward remodeling of conduit arteries. (2009)

Vascular remodeling normalizes abnormal hemodynamic stresses through structural changes affecting vessel size and wall thickness. We investigated the role of inflammation in flow-mediated vascular remodeling using a murine model of partial outflow reduction without flow cessation or neointima formation. Common carotid arteries decreased in size after ipsilateral external carotid artery ligation in wild-type mice, but not in myeloid differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)-deficient mice. Inward remodeling was associated with MyD88-dependent and superoxide-initiated cytokine and chemokine production, as well as transient adventitial macrophage accumulation and activation. Macrophage depletion prevented flow-mediated inward vascular remodeling. Expression of MyD88 by intrinsic vascular cells was necessary for cytokine and chemokine production and changes in vessel size, whereas MyD88 expression by bone marrow-derived cells was obligatory for changes in vessel size. We conclude that there are at least two distinct roles for MyD88 in flow-mediated inward remodeling of conduit arteries. Our findings suggest that inflammation is necessary for vascular adaptation to changes in hemodynamic forces. PMID: 19064699 Funding information This work was supported by: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 HL07950 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL70295 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL085789 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 HL007950 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL070295
A Concise Total Synthesis of Saliniketal B (2009)

We report a concise, enantioselective, and highly efficient synthesis of the marine actinomycete-derived natural product saliniketal B. Our approach was motivated with an eye toward future structure-function studies of this inhibitor of phorbol ester-mediated ornithine decarboxylase induction via an unknown mechanism. Our strategy highlights the utility of Pt(II)-mediated cycloisomerization of alkynediols developed in our laboratory to construct the dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system, a highly selective aldol fragment coupling whose stereochemical outcome is influenced by a gamma-stereogenic methyl group, and an interesting one-pot desilylation/dihydropyranone fragmentation/amidation sequence. As such, saliniketal B was obtained in 11 steps and 23% overall yield from commercially available starting material via a convergent coupling of two equally complex fragments assembled in seven and eight steps (39 and 45%), respectively.
Glycinergic neurons expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice (2004)

Although glycine is a major inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian CNS, the role of glycinergic neurons in defined neuronal circuits remains ill defined. This is due in part to difficulties in identifying these cells in living slice preparations for electrophysiological recordings and visualizing their axonal projections. To facilitate the morphological and functional analysis of glycinergic neurons, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice, which specifically express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the promotor of the glycine transporter (GlyT) 2 gene, which is a reliable marker for glycinergic neurons. Neurons expressing GlyT2-EGFP were intensely fluorescent, and their dendrites and axons could be visualized in great detail. Numerous positive neurons were detected in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. The hypothalamus, intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and basal forebrain also received a dense GlyT2-EGFP innervation, whereas in the olfactory bulb, striatum, neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdala positive fibers were much less abundant. No GlyT2-EGFP-positive cell bodies were seen in the forebrain. On the subcellular level, GlyT2-EGFP fluorescence was colocalized extensively with glycine immunoreactivity in somata and dendrites and with both glycine and GlyT2 immunoreactivity in axon terminals, as shown by triple staining at all levels of the neuraxis, confirming the selective expression of the transgene in glycinergic neurons. In slice preparations of the spinal cord, no difference between the functional properties of EGFP-positive and negative neurons could be detected, confirming the utility of visually identifying glycinergic neurons to investigate their functional role in electrophysiological studies.
Dissolution-Dialysis Method of Assessing in Vitro Drug Availability of Prednisolone Tablets (1973)

Using a two-compartment system separated by a cellophane membrane to measure dissolution rates and dialysis rates simultaneously, the in vitro drug availability of various brands of 5 mg prednisolone tablets was studied. It was revealed that the inactive non-therapeutic tablet components can make a difference in the rate and extent of the in vitro availability of free prednisolone. Furthermore, it was observed that the dissolution rate of the drug product was not necessarily an indication of the amount of free drug available for absorption (as indicated by dialysis) even though this is the existing criterion appearing in the official compendia. Several comparisons of the dissolution and dialysis rate profiles among the various drug products and pure prednisolone power are made.
Immobilization of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> Induces Changes in the Gene Expression Levels of <i>HSP12, SSA3</i> , and <i>ATF1</i> during Beer Fermentation (2003)

Yeast cell immobilization causes changes in several cellular physiological properties, resulting in severely unbalanced flavor profiles of beers produced in immobilized-cell systems. To explore the reasons for the altered production of flavor-active metabolites, such as volatile esters, the transcription rates of several genes were measured in free and immobilized cells. Expression profiles of the stress-related genes HSP12 and SSA3 revealed that cell immobilization exerted certain stresses on the yeast cells, possibly nutrient starvation and osmotic stress. However, yeast cells may also benefit from the protecting effect of the immobilization matrix, since without a protecting matrix, the free cells in the standard free-cell system showed a stronger induction of HSP12, a general stress marker, compared with the immobilized cells. In accordance with the lower stress gene expression levels, the immobilized cells accumulated trehalose as low as 26% of that of the standard free cells. The expression level of ATF1, encoding alcohol acetyl transferase I, was significantly raised in the immobilized cells, resulting in a twofold increase of iso-amyl acetate formation. The activity of ATF1 is regulated by the protein kinases Sch9p and PKA, involved in stress responses and nutrient-sensing signaling pathways. The particular microenvironment created by cell immobilization thus possibly activates the cAMP/PKA/Sch9 pathway, resulting in an induction of ATF1 expression leading to enhanced ester concentrations in the final fermentation product.
Failure of senescent human fibroblasts to express the insulin-like growth factor-1 gene. (1993)

Senescent human diploid fibroblasts express several growth-regulated genes but fail to express others. In this paper we show, by a very sensitive technique (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction), that senescent cells fail to express insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA, which is expressed in moderate amounts by young cells. Human fibroblasts immortalized by transfection with a temperature-sensitive SV40 T antigen gene regain the ability to express IGF-1 mRNA, but only at the permissive temperature of 34 degrees C. Under these conditions, the immortalized human fibroblasts grow even in 1% serum. At the restrictive temperature of 39 degrees C, the temperature-sensitive T antigen is nonfunctional, IGF-1 RNA is not detectable, and the cells fail to grow even in 10% serum. The failure to express IGF-1 mRNA in postsenescent cells can be ascribed, at least in part, to a transcriptional mechanism. Despite the correlation among immortalization by SV40 T antigen, expression of IGF-1, and growth, it seems unlikely that the failure to express IGF-1 is the sole cause of cellular senescence; other requirements must be postulated.
Steroid Total Synthesis—Hydrochrysene Approach. X.<sup>1</sup> Total Synthesis of Testosterone (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroid Total Synthesis—Hydrochrysene Approach. X.1 Total Synthesis of TestosteroneWilliam S. Johnson, Brian Bannister, Raphael Pappo, and J. E. PikeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 24, 6354–6361Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01605a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01605a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views586Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electron Beam, The Multi-Role Tool for Modern Fabrication (1972)

SummaryUse of the electron beam for welding is well established, but other applications for it have developed more slowly. To-day, however, it is becoming an important tool for machining, engraving and heat treating of materials.It is the high intensity of the beam that permits precision machining of metals, ceramics and plastics. The mechanism of this is explained in this paper, especially the formation of vapour capillaries that allow deep penetration of the beam into the material, and the different effects of single and multi-pulsing of the beam. In drilling, molten material is driven from the hole by expanding vapours, but in engraving and cutting direct sublimation of material occurs. The machining effect varies greatly with the selection of the electron beam parameters.The beam itself is the cutting tool and because it has low inertia its rapid movements can be controlled readily. It exerts little mechanical force on the workpiece and at present beam positional control is within 0.01 mm. Beam movements are so rapid that they must be automatically rather than manually controlled. Hence, machines use numerically controlled work manipulators and the beam is electronically coordinated with the work movement. Thus errors, because of lag in mechanical movements, are avoided. Engravings or patterns of holes can be machined according to programmed information. The process offers many special capabilities but if the value of these is to be realised the component designer must be fully aware of them.The paper describes and illustrates the application of the electron beam to numerically controlled microwelding, hole perforation, drilling, cutting and engraving.
Mixed hydrocarbon/fluoropolymer membrane/ionomer MEAs for durability studies (2024)

The durability of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is a major barrier to the commercialization of these systems for stationary and transportation power applications. Commercial viability depends on improving the durability of the fuel cell components to increase the system reliability. The aim of this work is to separate ionomer degradation from membrane degradation via mixed membrane/ionomer MEA experiments. The challenges of mixed MEA fabrication due to the incompatibility of the membrane and the electrode are addressed. OCV accelerated testing experiment (AST) were performed. Development of in situ diagnostics and unique experiments to characterize the performance and properties of the ionomer in the electrode as a function of time is reported. These measurements, along with extensive ex situ and post-mortem characterization, can delineate the degradation mechanisms in order to develop more durable fuel cells and fuel cell components.
Aplicación de la Topología Molecular en la búsqueda de nuevos agentes activos frente a Leishmania (2008)

A topological-mathematical model has been arranged to search for new derivatives of 3,5-dinitrobenzene sulphonamide and/or benzamide, active against L. donovani. By using linear discriminant analysis as well as multilinear regression, a model capable to identify the activity of 90% of the analyzed compounds has been achieved. After carrying out a virtual screening based upon such a model, new structures potentially active against the parasite are proposed. Key Words: Leishmania, Linear discriminant analysis, Multilinear regression analysis, topological descriptors.