gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nursing Student's Adult Mental Health Clinical Survival Guide (2013)

In order to investigate the effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration in a secondary forest, a field experiment was carried out. A split-plot experiment was arranged in field. There were 4 blocks; each block had two main plots which were trenched and un-trenched plots. In each main plot, 4 simulated acid rain treatments of control (CK), pH 4.0 (A1), pH 3.0 (A2), and pH 2.0 (A3) were randomly assigned. Soil respiration in the un-trenched plots and heterotrophic respiration in the trenched plots were measured weekly. Soil temperature and moisture at a depth of 5 cm were measured during the respiration measurements. The results indicated that different simulated acid rain treatments exhibited similar seasonal patterns of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration. Heterotrophic respiration in the trenched plots was significantly lower than soil respiration in the un-trenched plots. The annual mean soil respiration rates for the CK, A1, A2, and A3 treatments in the un-trenched plots were (2.47±0.31), (2.52±0.22), (2.38±0.17), and (2.43±0.22) μmol·(m<sup>2</sup>·s)<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, while the annual mean heterotrophic respiration rates for the 4 treatments in the trenched plots were (1.55±0.10), (1.65±0.22), (1.77±0.08), and (1.78±0.27) μmol·(m<sup>2</sup>·s)<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. ANOVA showed that simulated acid rain had no significant effects on soil respiration in the un-trenched plots and heterotrophic respiration in the trenched plots. Regression analysis suggested that there was a significant linear regression relationship between soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration. Simulated acid rain significantly (<i>P</i><0.001) decreased the ratio of soil respiration to heterotrophic respiration. Soil temperature was the main controlling factor regulating the seasonal patterns of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration for each of the SAR treatment, while soil moisture had no significant effects on the seasonal variability in soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration.
Calibration of Atomic Force Microscope Tips Using Biomolecules (1992)

Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of surfaces and samples mounted on substrates are subject to artifacts such as broadening of structures and ghost images of tips due to the finite size and shape of the contacting probe. Therefore, knowledge of the radius of the AFM probe tip is essential for the interpretation of images. We have deduced the shape of the AFM tip by imaging cylindrical biological molecules of various diameters such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco etch virus (TEV) and bacteriophage M-13 (M-13). Using a paraboloidal tip model and numerically solving equations of contact, the curvatures of the tip and lithographically sharpened tip were ascertained.
VO<sub>2</sub> nanoflake arrays for supercapacitor and Li-ion battery electrodes: performance enhancement by hydrogen molybdenum bronze as an efficient shell material (2014)

VO<sub>2</sub> nanoarrays are grown on graphene foam and the surface is coated with HMB for performance enhancement as LIB and supercapacitor electrodes.
Security and privacy considerations in digital death (2011)

Death is an uncomfortable subject for many people, and digital systems are rarely designed to deal with this event. In particular, the wide array of existing digital authentication infrastructure rarely deals with gracefully retiring credentials in a uniform fashion.
Chitin Induces Natural Competence in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2005)

The mosaic-structured Vibrio cholerae genome points to the importance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the evolution of this human pathogen. We showed that V. cholerae can acquire new genetic material by natural transformation during growth on chitin, a biopolymer that is abundant in aquatic habitats (e.g., from crustacean exoskeletons), where it lives as an autochthonous microbe. Transformation competence was found to require a type IV pilus assembly complex, a putative DNA binding protein, and three convergent regulatory cascades, which are activated by chitin, increasing cell density, and nutrient limitation, a decline in growth rate, or stress.
Role of BRCAgene dysfunction in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition (2000)

Tumor suppressor genes that perform apparently generic cellular functions nonetheless cause tissue-specific syndromes in the human population when they are mutated in the germline. The two major hereditary breast/ovarian cancer predisposition genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, appear to participate in a common pathway that is involved in the control of homologous recombination and in the maintenance of genomic integrity. How might such functions translate into the specific suppression of cancers of the breast and ovarian epithelia? Recent advances in the study of BRCA1 and BRCA2, discussed herein, have provided new opportunities to address this question.
Symposium on unsaturated flow and transport modeling (1982)

This document records the proceedings of a symposium on flow and transport processes in partially saturated groundwater systems, conducted at the Battelle Seattle Research Center on March 22-24, 1982. The symposium was sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the purpose of assessing the state-of-the-art of flow and transport modeling for use in licensing low-level nuclear waste repositories in partially saturated zones. The first day of the symposium centered around research in flow through partially saturated systems. Papers were presented with the opportunity for questions following each presentation. In addition, after all the talks, a formal panel discussion was held during which written questions were addressed to the panel of the days speakers. The second day of the Symposium was devoted to solute and contaminant transport in partially saturated media in an identical format. Individual papers are abstracted.
Influence of microstructure on micromagnetic Barkhausen emissions in AISI 4140 steel (1995)

The effects of microstructure on the micromagnetic Barkhausen signal emissions in AISI 4140 steel are reported. The Barkhausen signal amplitude is known to be highly sensitive to the type and distribution of microstructural inhomogeneities, such as grain boundaries, precipitates and dislocations. The Barkhausen measurements were taken on samples having pearlitic, spheroidized and bainitic microstructures. The Barkhausen emissions were measured in terms of rms voltage peak-to-peak voltage and number of events per cycle. It is shown that Barkhausen signals can be used to distinguish between pearlitic and bainitic microstructures.
Effect of somatic cell count and stage of lactation on the quality and storage life of ultra high temperature milk (1996)

The effects of bulk milk cell count (BMCC) and stage of lactation on the quality and storage characteristics of UHT milk were investigated. The UHT milk was manufactured in a pilot plant using milk of low BMCC from early and late lactation, and milk of high BMCC from early and late lactation. Upon storage at 20 degrees C, early lactation UHT milk gelled far ahead of late lactation milk. Within each stage of lactation, high BMCC milk tended to gel first. Few differences in the organoleptic properties of the UHT milks were observed. It was apparent that the onset of age gelation may not always be related directly to the level of proteolysis, and that other factors influencing milk composition and the reactions between milk components may play more important roles. At a particular stage of lactation, proteolysis induced by mastitis may hasten the onset of gelation.
SOFTWARE FOR ADVANCED TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (1993)

A systematic approach to traffic engineering software development could provide significant advantages with regard to software capability, flexibility, and maintenance. Improved traffic controllers will likely be essential for many proposed intelligent vehicle highway system applications. A computable language called TCBLKS (Traffic Control Blocks) that could provide the foundation for constructing real-time traffic engineering software in introduced. This computable language is designed to be configured by a graphical user interface that does not require extensive software engineering training to use yet provides more flexibility and capability than is possible by simply changing program parameters. The model is based on the function block metaphor commonly used for constructing robust and efficient real-time industrial control systems. Adapting this model to the transportation sector permits traffic control applications to be programmed by (a) selecting preprogrammed function blocks from a standard library, (b) configuring block parameters, and (c) connecting blocks to other blocks in the strategy. The software model was implemented in C on an advanced traffic controller platform and demonstrated in real time for applications such as signalized intersection control and ramp metering. In addition, this same software model was used to control the ramp meters along a segment of westbound Highway 50 during a demonstration in Sacramento, California, in November 1992.
Enzymatic Formation and Physico‐Chemical Behaviour of Uncommon Monoglycerides (1995)

Abstract Results on the enzymatic monoacylation of glycerol by aid of phenylboronic acid in organic solvents are presented. The comparison of two alternative methods indicates that the „2‐step‐method”︁ (synthesis in one batch unit without isolation of intermediates) is in total more favourable than the „3‐step‐method”︁ (synthesis in two batch units including isolation of intermediates), although yields are somewhat lower. Probably this disadvantage originates from an enzyme inhibition caused by residual free phenylboronic acid in the reaction system. Several varying uncommon fatty acids like (S)‐17‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 12‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 2‐hydroxyhexadecanoic acid have been used as oleo‐components. As far as no steric hindrance is caused by these substrates, product formation is about 80% (basis „2‐step‐method”︁). Investigations at the Langmuir film balance showed different film states with specific transition phases for the 1(3)‐(17‐hydroxy)‐octadecanoyl and the 1(3)‐(12‐hydroxy)‐octadecanoyl glycerol. The monoglyceride of the 2‐hydroxyhexadecanoic acid proved to be a good emulsifier. Its qualities in this respect were confirmed by the data of the surface and interfacial tension versus n‐hexadecane and also by the outcome of the emulsification tests. The enzymatic acylation of a diol like 1,3‐propanediol led to the 1‐(17‐hydroxy)‐octadecanoyl‐3‐propanol (yield: 50%). The film behaviour of this ester was similar to that of the corresponding monoglyceride.
Inks And Papers For Ink Jet Printing (1989)

In designing ink jet printing devices, the greatest challenge is not in the design of the mechanism nor control aspects of the head. Surprising to many, it is the difficult task associated with the formulation of inks, toners and papers which will give you a suitable image. This image must possess good chromatic and archival characteristics. In the past, inks were the cause of much criticism associated with the bad reputation of ink jet printers; and rightly so. The inks used in ink jet printing were expected to perform many difficult tasks. They were subjected to evaporation and stability tests at high temperatures. They were expected to retain their physical parameters of viscosity, surface tension and pH for months in an oven at 40-60° C. Yet, when they were emitted onto a piece of paper at ambient conditions, they were expected to dry within 3 seconds. Chemists who were formulating inks based on criteria established by mechanical and electrical engineers were at a disadvantage. Inks were not considered a major component to other groups in the development program. Yet inherently, the ink was causing the majority of system failures due to head clogging, component breakdown, etc. The ink chemist was at a distinct disadvantage to begin with. A major cause for orifice clogging was the precipitation of salts out of the dye. Dyes may contain as much as 20 percent salt. A dye with less than 1 percent salt content was not available a few years ago. Today, however, dye manufacturers see the increase of requests for purer dyes and are making them available for a premium. There were not any specialty papers available for ink jet applications. Inks would either sit on the surface of the paper and not dry, or they would cause feathering or bleeding problems. Today there is a variety of papers available for ink jet systems.
The Anaphase-Promoting Complex: New Subunits and Regulators (1999)

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cell cycle regulators is a crucial process during the cell cycle. The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a large, multiprotein complex whose E3-ubiquitin ligase activity is required for the ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins and other regulatory proteins that are targeted for destruction during cell division. The recent identification of new APC subunits and regulatory proteins has begun to reveal some of the intricate mechanisms that govern APC regulation. One mechanism is the use of specificity factors to impose temporal control over substrate degradation. A second mechanism is the APC-mediated proteolysis of specific APC regulators. Finally, components of both the APC and the SCF E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex contain several conserved sequence motifs, including WD-40 repeats and cullin homology domains, which suggest that both complexes may use a similar mechanism for substrate ubiquitination.
Human Erythropoietin Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice: Multiple Transcription Initiation Sites and <i>cis-</i>Acting Regulatory Elements (1990)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the primary humoral regulator of mammalian erythropoiesis. The single-copy EPO gene is normally expressed in liver and kidney, and increased transcription is induced by anemia or cobalt chloride administration. To identify cis-acting DNA sequences responsible for regulated expression, transgenic mice were generated by microinjection of a 4-kilobase-pair (kb) (tgEPO4) or 10-kb (tgEPO10) cloned DNA fragment containing the human EPO gene, 0.7 kb of 3'-flanking sequence, and either 0.4 or 6 kb of 5'-flanking sequence, respectively. tgEPO4 mice expressed the transgene in liver, where expression was inducible by anemia or cobalt chloride, kidney, where expression was not inducible, and other tissues that do not normally express EPO. Human EPO RNA in tgEPO10 mice was detected only in liver of anemic or cobalt-treated mice. Both tgEPO4 and tgEPO10 mice were polycythemic, demonstrating that the human EPO RNA transcribed in liver is functional. These results suggest that (i) a liver inducibility element maps within 4 kb encompassing the gene, 0.4 kb of 5'-flanking sequence, and 0.7 kb of 3'-flanking sequence; (ii) a negative regulatory element is located between 0.4 and 6 kb 5' to the gene; and (iii) sequences required for inducible kidney expression are located greater than 6 kb 5' or 0.7 kb 3' to the gene. RNase protection analysis revealed that human EPO RNA in anemic transgenic mouse liver and hypoxic human hepatoma cells is initiated from several sites, only a subset of which is utilized in nonanemic transgenic liver and human fetal liver.
Amnionless Expression in the Mouse Testis and Leydig Cells and Its Change in Leydig Cell Hyperplasia. (2011)

In testis, vitamin B12 (cobalmin)-deficiency resulted in atrophy of seminiferous tubules and aplasia of sperms and spermatids. Deficiency in vitamin B12 decreased in methionine synthase activity. Vitamin B12 involves in DNA synthesis as it participates in methionine synthase followed by thymidine synthesis. Amnionless (Amn), a transmembrane protein directs endocytosis of cubilin with its ligand, contributing intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 absorption. Expressional profile from data base revealed that Amn is considerably expressed in kidney, small intestine, placenta, and testis in mouse. In an effort to understand vitamin B12 transport to the testicular cells, we analyzed the Amn gene expression in the developing mouse testis and Leydig cells. In the meantime, change of Amn expression in Leydig cell hyperplasia by flutamide an antiandrogen was examined in testis. In mouse testis, Amn mRNA levels were low until 14 days post partum (pp), markedly increased at puberty onwards. In the interstitium, Amn mRNA levels were low until 14 days pp, markedly increased together with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type VI mRNA at puberty (28 days pp), and further increased at 56 days pp. AMN immunoreactivity was found weakly in Sertoli cells throughout the testis development. Early spermatocytes showed strong AMN immunoreactivity at 14 days pp onwards, suggesting that AMN participates in the early meiosis. In Leydig cells, AMN immunoreactivity was not found until 14 days pp but strongly expressed at 28 days pp onwards. Quantitative image analysis revealed that AMN immunoreactivity in Leydig cells was increased by 2.8 fold between 28 and 56 days pp. Mean size of AMN-positive Leydig cells was increased by 1.8 fold between 14 and 28 days pp and 1.5 fold between 28 and 56 days pp. This suggests positive relationship between AMN expression and functional differentiation of adult Leydig cells. In adult male mice, oral administration of flutamide (100 mg/kg/day) for 10 days induced a Leydig cell hyperplasia in mouse testis in which Amn mRNA and AMN immunoreactivity were increased in Leydig cells, suggesting that AMN may participate in the pathogenesis of Leydig cell hyperplasia. In adult Leydig cells primary culture, flutamide (100 nM) increased Amn mRNA expression, suggesting that Amn gene expression is negatively coupled with androgen receptor activation. In conclusion, AMN may participate in the meiosis of early spermatocytes and functional differentiation of adult Leydig cells via mediating the vitamin B12 transport in mouse testis. In addition, AMN may participate in the Leydig cell hyperplasia via promoting cell proliferation in Leydig cell via stimulating DNA synthesis. This is the first report on the AMN expression in male germ cells and somatic cells in mammalian testis. (poster)
New sulfonated engineering polymers via the metalation route. II. Sulfinated/sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) PSU Udel and its crosslinking (1998)

New mixed sulfinated/sulfonated polysulfone PSU Udel has been produced by partial oxidation of sulfinated PSU with NaOCl. From the mixed sulfinated/sulfonated PSU, thin crosslinked polymer films have been produced by S-alkylation of the residual sulfinate groups with α,ω-diiodoalkanes having 4–10 (CH2) units. The advantages of the partial oxidation process using NaOCl are as follows: (1) The desired oxidation degree can be adjusted finely. (2) No side reactions take place during oxidation. (3) The partially oxidized polymers is stable at ambient temperature. By variation of the oxidation degree of the sulfinated/sulfonated prepolymer and by variation of the chain length of the diiodo crosslinker, crosslinked membranes with a large range of properties in terms of ionic conductivity, swelling, and permselectivity have been produced. The partially oxidized polymers have been characterized by redox titration, 1H-NMR, and FTIR. The crosslinked membranes have been characterized in terms of ionic conductivity (resistance), permselectivity, and swelling in dependence on ion-exchange capacity and oxidation degree of the prepolymers. In addition, the thermal stabilities of the membranes have been determined by TGA, and FTIR spectra have been recorded on the crosslinked films. Selected membranes show low ionic resistances, low swelling, and good temperature stability which makes them promising candidates for application in (electro)membrane processes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1441–1448, 1998
Titanium and Titanium Alloys (2003)

Foreword.List of Contributors.1. Structure and Properties of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (M. Peters, et al.).2. Beta Titanium Alloys (G. Terlinde and G. Fischer).3. Orthorhombic Titanium Aluminides: Intermetallic with Improved Damage Tolerance (J. Kumpfert and C. Leyens).4. gamma-Titanium Aluminide Alloys: Alloy Design and Properties (F. Appel and M. Oehring).5. Fatigue of Titanium Alloys (L. Wagner and J.K. Bigoney).6. Oxidation and Protection of Titanium Alloys and Titanium Aluminides (C. Leyens).7. Titanium and Titanium Alloys - From Raw material to Semi-finished Products (H. Sibum).8. Fabrication of Titanium Alloys (M. Peters and C. Leyens).9. Investment Casting of Titanium (H.-P. Nicolai and Chr. Liesner).10. Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bonding of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (W. Beck).11. Forging of Titanium (G. Terlinde, et al.).12. Continuous Fiber Reinforced Titanium matrix Composites: Fabrication, Properties and Applications (C. Leyens, et al.).13. Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications (M. Peters, et al.).14. Production, Processing and Application of gamma(TiAl)-Based Alloys (H. Kestler and H. Clemens).15. Non-Aerospace Applications of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (M. Peters and C. Leyens).16. Titanium and its Alloys for Medical Applications (J. Breme, et al.).17. Titanium in Dentistry (J. Lindigkeit).18. Titanium in Automotive Production (O. Schauerte).19. Offshore Applications for Titanium Alloys (L. Lunde and M. Seiersten).Subject Index.
Coexisting Stable Oscillatory States in Single Cell and Multicellular Neuronal Oscillators (1999)

The dynamical behavior of individual neurons and of neural circuits emerges from the interactions among multiple nonlinear processes at the molecular, cellular, synaptic and network levels. Thus, characterizing the dynamical performance of a complex system of nonlinear elements is fundamental to an understanding of neural function. This chapter illustrates how some of the concepts and analytical techniques of nonlinear dynamical systems were applied to computational and experimental analyses of single cell and multicellular neuronal oscillators. The results of these studies provided additional insights into how neurons and neural circuits might exploit nonlinear dynamics at the cellular level to generate and control oscillatory patterns of electrical activity and to process and store information.
Hydrolysis of two acyl activated esters in water-rich 2-butoxyethanol-water mixtures. Effects of hydrophobic interactions on enthalpies, entropies, and heat capacities of activation (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of two acyl activated esters in water-rich 2-butoxyethanol-water mixtures. Effects of hydrophobic interactions on enthalpies, entropies, and heat capacities of activationHerman A. J. Holterman and Jan B. F. N. EngbertsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 12, 4256–4257Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00532a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00532a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts