gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The DMSO Reductase Family of Microbial Molybdenum Enzymes; Molecular Properties and Role in the Dissimilatory Reduction of Toxic Elements (2002)

Abstract The dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) reductase family of molybdenum enzymes is a large and diverse group that is found in bacteria and archaea. These enzymes are characterised by a bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)Mo form of the molybdenum cofactor, and they are particularly important in anaerobic respiration including the dissimilatory reduction of certain toxic oxoanions. The structural and phylogenetic relationship between the proteins of this family is discussed. High-resolution crystal structures of enzymes of the DMSO reductase family have revealed a high degree of similarity in tertiary structure. However, there is considerable variation in the structure of the molybdenum active site and it seems likely that these subtle but important differences lead to the great diversity of function seen in this family of enzymes. This diversity of catalytic capability is associated with several distinct pathways of electron transport. Keywords: Molybdopterin-CONTAINING Enzymes Dmso Reductase Protein Phylogeny Oxoanion Reduction Anaerobic Respiration
New particle searches at LEP (1991)

Abstract Considerable effort has been expended by the LEP collaborations since the start of data taking on the search for new particles and phenomena. Two early results provided evidence that only three families of quarks and leptons exist in nature: the width of the Z established to high precision the existence of only three neutrinos and a direct search for particles belonging to a fourth family proved negative. The search for the mass mechanism of the Standard Model has taken up much effort. Different models predict the existence of one or more Higgs bosons, of supersymmetric particles or of effects arising from compositeness; so far no evidence has been found for any such particles. The paper describes the principles, techniques and results of these searches by the four LEP collaborations. Improvements to some of the published limits, obtained by combining the separate results of the collaborations, are presented.
An efficient design of LTE reference signal and performance analysis (2011)

A system presented that replace most of the reference signal using the encoded system symbols to reduce the meaningless reference signal,which maked the overall system transmission efficiency was improved.In the condition of two transmit antennas,the number of meaningless reference signal inserted in a single frame of the proposed structure has reduced 97.5% than the LTE structure,0.238% of the usable time-frequency resource only.Moreover,through the iterative channel estimation and re-decoding,the bit error rate performance of the proposed structure was slightly better than the original program.Four antennas,the proposed structure saved 96.7% of the meaningless reference signal,and the performance was also slightly increased compared with the original structure.In addition,the compares of the performance between the proposed structure and the original program in different kinds of multipath fading,different code rates and different Doppler shifts are shown.
Standing Long-Jump Performance is Enhanced when Using an External Focus of Attention (2010)

Several experiments have demonstrated that focusing a performer's attention externally (i.e., on the effects of a movement) rather than internally (i.e., on specific parts of the body) enhances performance when the task requires object manipulation (i.e., throwing a ball to a target). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate if whole-body movements (e.g., standing long jump), without object manipulation, are influenced by an internal or external focus of attention. After participants (n = 120) completed a short warm-up, they were assigned to either an internal (INT) or external (EXT) focus of attention group. All participants completed 5 standing long jumps separated by a 2-minute seated rest. Before each jump, participants in the INT condition were read the following instructions: "When you are attempting to jump as far as possible, I want you to focus your attention on extending your knees as rapidly as possible." Participants in the EXT condition were read the following instructions: "When you are attempting to jump as far as possible, I want you to focus your attention on jumping as far past the start line as possible." An independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.003) in the average distance jumped between the EXT (187.37 +/- 42.66 cm) group and the INT group (177.33 +/- 40.97 cm). The results suggest that providing instructions that focus attention externally enhances standing long-jump performance compared with instructions that focus attention internally. This finding is valuable for strength and conditioning professionals that use jumping tests to evaluate performance.
Utilization of a β-Aminophosphotyrosyl Mimetic in the Design and Synthesis of Macrocyclic Grb2 SH2 Domain-Binding Peptides (2003)

Grb2 SH2 domains are protein-docking modules that exert important functions in both normal and pathogenic signal transduction processes. Development of synthetic Grb2 SH2 domain binding ligands is being pursued by several groups as potential new therapies for a variety of diseases, including certain cancers. In these efforts, macrocyclization has been successfully utilized to take advantage of preferential recognition by Grb2 SH2 domains of ligands in beta-bend conformations. Recent examples of this approach include olefin-metathesis-derived macrocycles that employ ring closure at the beta-position of key pTyr-mimicking residues. In the current study, a novel phosphatase-stable beta-amino-pTyr mimetic designated "Pmp(beta)" was utilized to prepare variants of previously reported olefin-metathesis-derived macrocycles. An initial set of simplified cyclic peptides lacking key naphthyl side chain functionality was first synthesized to determine optimum ring size, with results indicating that a four-unit ring-closing segment was appropriate. On the basis of these findings, macrolactamization was undertaken with a more highly functionalized, naphthyl-containing gamma-amino acid analogue. The resulting cyclic beta-amino peptide is the first of a new class of pTyr-mimetic-containing ligands that may have utility in the development of antagonists of both Grb2 SH2 domains and other pTyr-dependent signaling systems.
Serum maintains the fertilizability of mouse oocytes matured in vitro by preventing hardening of the zona pellucida (1986)

Abstract The effects of serum and cumulus cells during oocyte maturation in vitro on subsequent oocyte fertilizability and zona pellucida digestability have been examined. Cumulus cell‐enclosed oocytes were cultured 15–16 hours in medium containing bovine serum albumin plus varying concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS). When the serum concentration was decreased incrementally from 5% to 0%, resistance to chymotrypsin digestion increased accordingly in a dose‐dependent manner. The zona pellucida digestion time for oocytes matured in serum‐free medium was increased nearly 500% above that for control oocytes matured in 5% FBS. Also, fertilization was decreased as serum concentration was lowered; the fertilization percentage for oocytes matured in serum‐free serum was reduced by over 90%. This loss of fertilizability was correlated with an absence of sperm within the vitellus following insemination of matured ova. Increasing the serum concentration from 5% to 10% had no effect on fertilization or zona pellucida digestion time. Serum deprivation, even for a short period of time, at the onset of culture significantly reduced the fertilizability of cumulus cell‐enclosed oocytes and increased the zona pellucida digestion time. Removal of serum after oocyte maturation in vitro had little effect. The presence of an intact cumulus oophorus during maturation in vitro was important in the maintenance of fertilizability and zona digestability. These data support the idea that serum deprivation and/or removal of the cumulus cells during oocyte maturation in vitro results in an alteration of the zona pellucida that is manifested as an increased resistance to proteolytic digestion and sperm penetration.
Driver fatigue detection based on head gesture and PERCLOS (2012)

Single mean is always used to detect driver fatigue, this paper propose an integrated fatigue detection system. Head gesture and eye condition are two important factors of fatigue. In this system, we use Adaboost improved with CART to detect face, and then the centroid of face is calculated to monitoring the head gesture. On the other hand, we use Active Appearance Model to detect eye's open and close status before the PERCLOS is used to judge the degree of driver fatigue. Compared to the original system, the combination of two means make this system more reliable. The experiments results show that this method is fast and effective that can be used in real-time detection.
Tunable Microwave Resonators Using Magnetostatic Wave in YIG Films (1986)

The purpose of this paper is to review the status of magnetostatic wave (MSW) resonators and to describe, in detail. the theory of operation of the recently developed straight-edge resonators. These resonators are based on magnetostatic waves propagating in high Q cavities fabricated in thin ferrimagnetic films. The resonance frequency of these resonators can be tuned via a bias magnetic field. The theory of propagation of magnetostatic wave devices in periodic arrays will be briefly described followed by a detailed overview of the different configurations for MSW resonators. Three distinct classes of resonators will be discussed 1) resonators based on array reflectors (deposited metals and etched grooves) will be described in detail; 2) guided-wave ring resonators will be discussed; and 3) the theory of operation and design criteria for the straight-edge resonators will be described. Each class will be evaluated, pointing out the advantages and drawbacks, and whenever applicable, the power handling properties and the phase noise performance will be given.
Linewidth Edge Detection Algorithm for Coherent Image Profiles (1989)

Accurate CD linewidth and overlay measurement are dependent upon the ability to correctly find edges of line objects. Software algorithms used to find edges often have difficulty distinguishing the edges of features to be measured from surrounding noise and coherent edge ringing. The problem becomes even more difficult when an optical scanning microscope operates in a highly coherent mode and enhanced edge ringing and interference effects are present. Simple edge detection algorithms such as thresholding and steepest slope become confused and may select erroneous artifacts. As a result, optical measurement systems have leaned toward high NA illumination systems and broad spectral bandwidth, both of which reduce coherent edge ringing but are accompanied by a loss in accuracy. Alternative techniques such as correlation and adaptive signal processing also have difficulties finding true edges due to the variation in image profiles resulting from changes in materials, layer thickness, edge slope, etc. This paper describes an alternative approach based on a combination of mean-square integration (MSI) and adaptive techniques with function parameters determined from the digitized waveform. This approach has been successfully utilized on experimental data and appears to work for a wide variety of signal waveforms. Theoretical and experimental results are given.
Influence of hemodynamic conditions on fractional flow reserve: parametric analysis of underlying model (2002)

Pressure-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is used clinically to evaluate the functional severity of a coronary stenosis, by predicting relative maximal coronary flow (Q s /Q n ). It is considered to be independent of hemodynamic conditions, which seems unlikely because stenosis resistance is flow dependent. Using a resistive model of an epicardial stenosis (0–80% diameter reduction) in series with the coronary microcirculation at maximal vasodilation, we evaluated FFR for changes in coronary microvascular resistance ( R cor = 0.2–0.6 mmHg · ml −1 · min), aortic pressure (P a = 70–130 mmHg), and coronary outflow pressure (P b = 0–15 mmHg). For a given stenosis, FFR increased with decreasing P a or increasing R cor . The sensitivity of FFR to these hemodynamic changes was highest for stenoses of intermediate severity. For P b > 0, FFR progressively exceeded Q s /Q n with increasing stenosis severity unless P b was included in the calculation of FFR. Although the P b -corrected FFR equaled Q s /Q n for a given stenosis, both parameters remained equally dependent on hemodynamic conditions, through their direct relationship to both stenosis and coronary resistance.
A new retiming-based technology mapping algorithm for LUT-based FPGAs (1998)

In this paper, w e presen t a new retiming-based technology mapping algorithm for look-up table-based field programmable gate arrays. The algorithm is based on a novel iterative procedure for computing all k-cuts of all nodes in a sequen tialcircuit, in the presence of retiming. The algorithm completely avoids flow computation whic his the bottleneck of previous algorithms. Due to the fact that k is very small in practice, the procedure for computing all k-cuts is v ery fast. Experimental results indicate the overall algorithm is very efficient in practice.
Niosome Encapsulated of Vincristine Sulfate: Improved Anticancer Activity with Reduced Toxicity in Mice (1994)

Nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) are promising drug carriers for anticancer drugs. Niosome encapsulated vincristine sulfate prepared by transmembrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading method) was evaluated for toxicity and antitumour activity after administration to tumour bearing mice. The toxicity of vincristine sulfate was reduced after niosome encapsulation and anticancer activity improved, which may be due to better delivery of vincristine at the tumour site.
Molecular approaches to human polygenic disease. (1987)

Introduction (D. Weatherall). Human Gene Mapping (R. Williamson). Genetics of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors (K. Berg). The LDL Receptor: Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis of the Cytoplasmic Domain (C. Davis). Apolipoproteins, Quantitative Lipoprotein Traits and Multifactorial Hyperlipidaemia (G. Utermann). Structure and Evolution of Human Apolipoprotein Genes: Identification of Regulatory Elements of the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene (J. Taylor, et al). General Discussion (DNA Polymorphisms, Disease Associations). Genetic Architecture of Inter-Individual Variability in Apolipoprotein, Lipoprotein and Lipid Phenotypes (C. Sing and E. Boerwinkle).
Sleeping body temperatures in 3-4 month old infants. (1989)

Rectal, skin, and ambient temperatures were continuously recorded overnight from 3-4 month old normal infants in their home cots under conditions of room temperature and wrapping chosen freely by parents. It was found that rectal temperature was above 37 degrees C when infants were put down, but fell rapidly to 36.4 degrees C within one and a half hours, then stabilised for a few hours before rising steadily. This pattern was tied more closely to the time of putting down than time of day. The extent and rate of temperature fall did not correlate with any feature of the thermal environment. We also found that skin temperature changed much less than rectal temperature over the night, and for the first two hours in the cot there was no relation between skin and rectal temperature. There is therefore a well organised, endogenous rhythm of temperature in 4 month old infants.
SWIMMING: Seamless and Efficient WiFi-Based Internet Access from Moving Vehicles (2014)

Demand for Internet access from moving vehicles has been rapidly growing. Meanwhile, the overloading issue of cellular networks is escalating due to mobile data explosion. Thus, WiFi networks are considered as a promising technology to offload cellular networks. However, there pose many challenging problems in highly dynamic vehicular environments for WiFi networks. For example, connections can be easily disrupted by frequent handoffs between access points (APs). A scheme, called SWIMMING, is proposed to support seamless and efficient WiFi-based Internet access for moving vehicles. In uplink, SWIMMING operates in a “group unicast” manner. All APs are configured with the same MAC and IP addresses, so that packets sent from a client can be received by multiple APs within its transmission range. Unlike broadcast or monitor mode, group unicast exploits the diversity of multiple APs, while keeping all the advantages of unicast. To avoid possible collisions of ACKs from different APs, the conventional ACK decoding mechanism is enhanced with an ACK detection function. In downlink, a packet destined for a client is first pushed to a group of APs through multicast. This AP group is maintained dynamically to follow the moving client. The packet is then fetched by the client. With the above innovative design, SWIMMING achieves seamless roaming with reliable link, high throughput, and low packet loss. Testbed implementation and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the ACK detection function. Extensive simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of SWIMMING. Experimental results show that SWIMMING outperforms existing schemes remarkably.
Anti-neutrino Cross Sections for Neon and Deuterium (1987)

Recent anti-neutrino experiments have shown a marked difference in the quantity RA(x) = (duVn/dx)/(duiiP/dx) between deuterium and neon. It has been suggested that this difference may be related to an effect discovered by the European Muon Collaboration (EMC). We test several popular and apparently successful explanations of the EMC effect against the data. We find that none of the models examined can explain the observations.
Decision-aided maximum likelihood detection in coherent optical phase-shift-keying system (2009)

A novel decision-aided maximum likelihood (DA ML) technique is proposed to estimate the carrier phase in coherent optical phase-shift-keying system. The DA ML scheme is a totally linear computational algorithm which is feasible for on-line processing in the real systems. The simulation results show that the DA ML receiver can outperform the conventional Mth power scheme, especially when the nonlinear phase noise is dominant.
A “Dogleg” channel router (1976)

This paper presents an algorithm for interconnecting two sets of terminals across an intervening channel. It is assumed that the routing is done on two distinct levels with all horizontal paths being assigned to one level and all vertical paths to the other. Connections between the levels are made through contact windows. A single net may result in many horizontal and vertical segments. Experimental results indicate that this algorithm is very successful in routing channels that contain severe constraints. Usually, the routing is accomplished within one track of the mathematical lower bound. The routing algorithm presented here was developed as part of LTX, a computer-aided design system for integrated circuit layout and was implemented on an HP-2100 minicomputer. A typical channel (300 terminals, 100 nets) can be routed in less than 5 seconds. Routing results are presented both for polycell chips under development at Bell Laboratories and for examples that exist in the published literature. For the latter, reductions of 10% in the wiring area were typical.
Marginally Restricted<i>D</i>-Optimal Designs (1980)

Abstract In experimental design it often happens that values of some of the relevant carriers cannot be specified by the experimenter. We consider the problem of obtaining approximate D-optimal designs when the design space is a product space and the carriers associated with one margin are not subject to control. An equivalence theorem for D-optimal designs is presented. The essential ingredients of iterative schemes for generating designs are discussed and an example is presented.
Parallel methods for iterative matrix decompositions (1991)

Parallel methods for iterative matrix decompositions are developed by using the possibility of approximate (but still orthogonal) rotations together with suitable kinds of rotation schemes. Favorable choices of some of these approximations are applied together with suitable rotation schemes (factorized rotation scheme, shift-and-add rotation scheme) in order to obtain algorithms highly suited for parallel implementations. The author mainly deals with the Jacobi method for the symmetric eigenvalue problem, but the ideas presented can also be applied to other iterative matrix decomposition algorithms using orthogonal rotations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance of a fully superconducting microwave cavity made of the high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O<i>y</i> (1988)

We report the successful fabrication and characterization of a high Tc superconducting microwave cavity. The cavity made of bulk Y1Ba2Cu3Oy (Tc=93 K) and dielectrically loaded with sapphire was resonant at 8.00 GHz in the TE011 mode. At 77 K the Q was 104, which represents an improvement of a factor of 11 from the normal state. At 4.2 K the Q was nearly 105. The temperature dependence of the Q correlates extremely well with the microwave surface resistance of a test sample measured independently, clearly showing that the Q was limited by the intrinsic materials preparation and not by extraneous factors.
Distinct mechanisms of integrin binding by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis adhesins determine the phagocytic response of host macrophages (2005)

The enteropathogenic yersiniae express two outer membrane adhesins, invasin and YadA, that contribute to pathogenesis. While invasin binds directly to beta1 integrin receptors with high affinity, YadA binds indirectly through extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In this study, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv and yadA mutants were used to investigate how these distinct binding mechanisms compare and potentially compete in activating signalling pathways and promoting bacterial uptake by host macrophages. The efficiency of adhesin-mediated phagocytic responses was found to be dependent on the relative expression of invasin and YadA on the bacterial surface as well as the expression of ECM proteins in the extracellular milieu. Under conditions of low concentrations of ECM, invasin was found to be the dominant adhesin, promoting high levels of phagocytosis coincident with robust and sustained activation of the protein tyrosine kinases Fak and Pyk2, phosphorylation of the adaptor molecule Cas and activation of the small GTPase Rac1. In the presence of higher concentrations of ECM, YadA became the dominant functional adhesin through its ability to engage integrin receptors via an ECM bridge. We propose a model whereby invasin promotes robust and prolonged activation of phagocytic signalling cascades by inducing a 'high-affinity' integrin conformation as well as integrin clustering. We postulate that YadA-ECM promotes phagocytosis through a more transient activation of signalling cascades that arises from integrin clustering in the context of a cross-linked fibrillar ECM network.