gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ambidextrous Approach To Disrupt Redox Balance in Tumor Cells with Increased ROS Production and Decreased GSH Synthesis for Cancer Therapy (2019)

An effective steady-state redox balance is maintained in cancer cells, allowing for protection against oxidative stress and thereby enhancing cell proliferation and tumor growth. Disruption of this redox balance would increase the cellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potentiate oxidative stress-induced cell death in tumor cells, thus representing an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Glutathione (GSH) is a major reducing agent, and its cellular levels are determined at least partly by the availability of cysteine via xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated entry of cystine into cells. We developed a nanoplatform using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a carrier, loaded with salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP), and stabilized with DSPE-PEG, to form ultra-small NPs (SASP/ZnO NPs). The goal of this NP strategy is to disrupt the redox balance in cells by two mechanisms: increased generation of ROS and decreased synthesis of GSH. Such an approach would be effective in killing tumor cells. As expected, the SASP/ZnO NPs enhanced ROS production because of ZnO and impaired GSH synthesis because of SASP-induced inhibition of xCT (SLC7A11) transport function. As a consequence, treatment of tumor cells with SASP/ZnO NPs in vitro and in vivo resulted in a synergistic disruptive effect on redox balance in tumor cells and induced cell death and decreased tumor growth. This ambidextrous approach has potential in cancer therapy by combining two complementary pathways to disrupt the redox balance in tumor cells.
Real-time computer-aided diagnosis of diminutive rectosigmoid polyps using an auto-fluorescence imaging system and novel color intensity analysis software (2019)

<b>Objectives:</b> An endoscopic technique that provides ≥90% negative predictive value (NPV) for differentiating neoplastic polyps is needed for the management of diminutive (≤5 mm) rectosigmoid polyps. This study aimed to assess whether a newly developed software can achieve ≥90% NPV for differentiating rectosigmoid diminutive polyps based on the green-to-red (G/R) ratio, obtained by dividing the green color tone intensity by the red color tone intensity on autofluorescence imaging (AFI). <b>Methods:</b> From December 2017 to May 2018, consecutive patients with known polyps who were scheduled for endoscopic treatment at our institution were prospectively recruited. All colorectal diminutive polyps were differentiated by computer-aided diagnosis using autofluorescence imaging (CAD-AFI) using a novel software-based automatic color intensity analysis; subsequent diagnosis was made by endoscopists based on trimodal imaging endoscopy (TME), which combines AFI, white-light imaging (WLI) and magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) findings. Thereafter, all polyps were removed endoscopically, and the histopathological diagnosis was evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Ninety-five patients with 258 diminutive rectosigmoid polyps and 171 diminutive non-rectosigmoid polyps were enrolled. Regarding diminutive rectosigmoid polyps, the NPV for differentiating neoplastic polyps was 93.4% (184/197) [95% confidence interval (CI), 89.0%-96.4%] with CAD-AFI and 94.9% (185/195) (95% CI, 90.8%-97.5%) with TME. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for differentiating diminutive rectosigmoid neoplastic polyps by CAD-AFI were 91.5%, 80.0%, 95.3% and 85.2%, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Real-time CAD-AFI was effective for differentiating diminutive rectosigmoid polyps. This objective technology, which does not require extensive training or endoscopic expertise, can contribute to the effective management of diminutive rectosigmoid polyps.
Tuning Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Generation Efficiency of Novel Aza-BODIPY Dyes (2011)

Novel aza-BODIPY derivatives substituted with heavy atoms such as bromine and iodine were synthesized, and their triplet and singlet oxygen generation efficiencies have been investigated. These derivatives showed absorption in the NIR region with high molar extinction coefficients. The dye substituted with four iodine atoms showed yields of Φ<sub>T</sub> = 0.78 and Φ(<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) = 0.70, which are the highest values so far obtained for the aza-BODIPY derivatives.
A Novel Synthesis of<i>N</i>-(2-Alkynyl)arylamines (1989)

A new general one-pot method for the high yield synthesis of secondary N-(2-alkynyl)arylamines by reaction of N-(methoxymethyl)arylamines and 1-alkynyllithium is described. This procedure has successfully been extended to the preparation of symmetrically and non-symmetrically substituted 2-butyne-1,4-diamines.
3D compounding of B-scan ultrasound images (1999)

Ultrasound imaging compounded from different look directions can significantly decrease speckle noise and increase structural contrast. In addition, current limits on the field of view from small aperture scanheads can be overcome by combining two or more sets of partially overlapping 3D scan volumes into one super-volume by spatially coregistering the overlapping portions. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate both of these compound imaging enhancements. A 1.5-D linear array was used to obtain overlapping ultrasound volumes in phantoms and test subjects, reconstructed from at least 60 parallel B-scan planes for each volume. In the cases where independent look directions were required, either the transducer was tilted or the scan direction was changed. In all cases, the overlapping volumes were coregistered using an automated procedure based on a mutual information (MI) metric. The algorithm accounts for different look directions and/or tissue motion by geometrically transforming one volume set such that the MI of its overlap with the other is maximized, which leads to good structural overlap. The accuracy and stability of the MI algorithm demonstrate the feasibility of both compounding methods, offering increased lesion contrast and 3D fields of view larger than those from any currently available ultrasound imaging systems.
Inhibition of the growth of pre‐established subcutaneous tumor nodules of human prostate cancer cells by single injection of the recombinant adenovirus p53 expression vector (1997)

We have previously described potent growth-inhibitory effect of a recombinant adenovirus expressing wild type p53 (AdWTp53) in metastatic prostate cancer cells via activation of cellular p53 pathways. We have extended these observations to analyze the effects of AdWTp53 on primary cultures of radical prostatectomy specimens (RPS) and have also evaluated the gene therapeutic potential of the AdWTp53 in a nude mice model. Infection of primary cultures of prostate cancer specimens resulted in about 80% cell growth inhibition in comparison with cultures treated with control adenovirus dl312. Single injection of AdWTp53 into pre-established tumor nodules of DU145 prostate cancer cells suppressed tumor growth significantly (p = 0.0407) as determined by comparison of tumor volumes of the AdWTp53-treated vs. control vector (dl312) or PBS-treated groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in tumor growth inhibition between single vs. multiple injections of AdWTp53. Our observations support the potential of AdWTp53 for gene therapy of prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer 71:377-382, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Two- and three-dimensional flow simulations of ingot growth in an EBeam furnace (1991)

Electron-Beam (EBeam) melting furnaces are routine used to minimize the occurrence of second-phase particles in the processing of segregation-sensitive alloys. As one part of the process, a circulating electron beam impinges the surface of a crucible melt pool to help control the shape of the solidification front below. By modeling melt pool hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and the shape of solidification boundaries, we plan to optimize the dwell pattern of the beam so that the material solidifies with a composition as spatially homogeneous as possible. Both two- and three-dimensional models are being pursued with FIDAP 5.02, the former serving as a test bed for various degrees of model sophistication. A heat flux distribution is specified on the top of the domain to simulate the EBeam dwell pattern. In two dimensions it is found that an inertially-driven recirculation in the melt pool interacts with a counter-rotating buoyancy-driven recirculation, and that both recirculations are influenced heavily by surface tension gradients on the melt-pool surface. In three dimensions the inertial cell decays quickly with distance from the position of the inlet stream, causing the fluid to precess the crucible. Ingot macrosegregation patterns for a U-6 wt. % Nb alloy are calculated with the Flemings-Mehrabian equation of solute redistribution; the sensitivity of these patterns to EBeam dwell pattern is explored.
Virtual Development and Application of Chassis Components and Chassis Controls at GM Europe (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to the increasing number of body styles, engine/gear combinations and the variety of modern control systems, the use of simulation techniques becomes more and more important in the development process of classical chassis’ as well as Chassis Control Systems. Following GM's Road-Lab-Math (R-L-M) strategy, the number of prototype cars in ongoing and future vehicle programs will be significantly reduced. The goal is to cancel one hardware step for all future vehicle platform derivatives. Therefore, this paper describes the enormous success of CAE utilization within chassis development and -; based on that -; in virtual application and release of chassis control systems.</div>
Quasi-parallel network applications in real-time distribution management system (2012)

In modern distribution management systems (DMSs), the real-time calculation of the network’s state plays an important role for the operation of the network. High sophisticated algorithms for the estimation and calculation of the system’s state like distribution system state estimation (DSSE), distribution system power and short circuit calculations (DSPF and SCC), voltage var control (VVC) and others must operate in a real-time environment, supplying subsequently running functions with reliable input data. Closed-loop requirements also increase the requirements concerning performance, availability and robustness. In this paper, an implementation of the sequence control of different DMS-network applications is presented. This proposed real-time scheduler takes advantage of CPU-cores inside of a modern computer system: By passing subtasks to different CPU-cores, the overall performance is significantly increased. The scheduling process is analysed in detail taking the nature of a distribution system into consideration. The presentation is finalised with a report about the gain of performance for the state estimation process.
Comparison of the oxidation rates of glucose and lactate in relation to support of Na+ reabsorption. (1977)

The renal oxidation rates of glucose and lactate in the dog in vivo, in the dog cortical slice and in the isolated perfused rat kidney were compared. Lactate decarboxylation rate, on a carbon-atom basis, was from 2 to 10 fold greater than that of glucose. In the substrate-limited perfused kidney, glucose replaced only 30-40% of the substrates oxidized in vivo, while lactate replaced up to 80% of the substrates oxidized in vivo. Insulin lack does not account for these differences in the rates of lactate and glucose oxidation. Glucose and lactate support GFR and Na+ reabsorption to approximately the same extent in spite of their different rates of oxidation. Thus Na+ reabsorptive rate: CO2 production rate is not a constant and depends on the substrate being oxidized. The virtual absence of glucose oxidation by the dog cortical slice suggests either that: 1) glucose oxidation supports primarily medullary Na+ reabsorption while lactate oxidation supports cortical Na+ reabsorption as well of 2) glucose oxidation is more selectively coupled to Na+ reabsorptive work than is lactate oxidation.
The spectrum of category effects in object and action knowledge in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. (2001)

The validity and origin of category effects in the anomia demonstrated by individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) remains controversial. Twenty DAT subjects were tested with picture naming and semantic association judgment tests. Picture and word stimuli were drawn from biological, nonbiological, and actions-verbs categories, all of equal difficulty and previously normed on elderly controls. DAT subjects made significantly more naming and semantic judgment errors in the biological category than in the nonbiological category. They were relatively more accurate in naming and making judgments for actions-verbs when presented as words or as 5-s animations. When line drawings of actions were shown for naming, performance deteriorated significantly. Converging results from these 2 tasks provide strong evidence for a semantic memory impairment preferentially affecting biological items to a greater extent than nonbiological items or action verbs in DAT.
Realization of Algae Potential (REAP) (2019)

The goal of the REAP R&D program was to advance the DOE goal of demonstrating 5,000 gallons per acre per year by 2022 by developing an integrated process for producing at least 3,500 gallons of bio-fuel intermediate per acre per year. The work plan called for developing a transformation system for Chlorella with which constructs would be developed that demonstrated a 40% increase productivity by attenuating the light harvest antennae and that provided 300% increase in lipid content. In addition, REAP would cultivate thermophilic acidophiles and would explore crop rotation strategies. The extremophile R&D hedged the risk surrounding metabolic engineering and also explored mixotrophic strains that could provide productivity boosts on organic substrates. Cultivation was to be carried out in horizontal photobioreactors developed by Algenol, one of the REAP corporate partners. The horizontal Algeonol PBRs were made from inexpensive plastic film and had low mixing energy requirements. Progress was made toward a transformation system for Chlorella sorokiniana 1412, but much more time and effort were required than anticipated. As a result, antenna mutants and strains with enhanced lipid accumulation were not available for outdoor testing. Thus, the hypothesis that reducing light attenuation can enhance the net productivity remains untested. Further, Chlorella sorokiniana was found to be more susceptible to predation and infection when grown at NMSU. Later experiments at ASU have been more successful, but culture stability for C. sorokiniana remains a concern. A C. sorokiniana (UTEX 1230) proline-overproducing strain (P5CS) was constructed that provided higher thermo-tolerance and salinity tolerance in laboratory tests. Algenol horizontal photobioreactors were hampered by mixing problems and vertical versions had mixing and biofouling issues. Outdoor, flat-panel, air-lift systems at ASU provided excellent productivity for extremophiles and Chlorella alike. Galdieria sulphuraria mixotrophy enabled volumetric productivities of 1.0 g/L/day at 0.5 meter spacing and an aerial productivity of 82 g/m²/day in July. Mixing energy requirements were too high to achieve target GHG emissions. Over the course of the REAP experiment, sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (SEQHTL) and direct hydrothermal liquefaction (DHTL) experiments have been performed under a number of conditions. The total areal yield is 2300 gal/ac/yr under for the DHTL yields. This value falls to 1800 gal/ac/yr for the SEQHTL yields.
Genome-wide Association Study Identifies Shared Risk Loci Common to Two Malignancies in Golden Retrievers (2015)

Dogs, with their breed-determined limited genetic background, are great models of human disease including cancer. Canine B-cell lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma are both malignancies of the hematologic system that are clinically and histologically similar to human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and angiosarcoma, respectively. Golden retrievers in the US show significantly elevated lifetime risk for both B-cell lymphoma (6%) and hemangiosarcoma (20%). We conducted genome-wide association studies for hemangiosarcoma and B-cell lymphoma, identifying two shared predisposing loci. The two associated loci are located on chromosome 5, and together contribute ~20% of the risk of developing these cancers. Genome-wide p-values for the top SNP of each locus are 4.6×10-7 and 2.7×10-6, respectively. Whole genome resequencing of nine cases and controls followed by genotyping and detailed analysis identified three shared and one B-cell lymphoma specific risk haplotypes within the two loci, but no coding changes were associated with the risk haplotypes. Gene expression analysis of B-cell lymphoma tumors revealed that carrying the risk haplotypes at the first locus is associated with down-regulation of several nearby genes including the proximal gene TRPC6, a transient receptor Ca2+-channel involved in T-cell activation, among other functions. The shared risk haplotype in the second locus overlaps the vesicle transport and release gene STX8. Carrying the shared risk haplotype is associated with gene expression changes of 100 genes enriched for pathways involved in immune cell activation. Thus, the predisposing germ-line mutations in B-cell lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma appear to be regulatory, and affect pathways involved in T-cell mediated immune response in the tumor. This suggests that the interaction between the immune system and malignant cells plays a common role in the tumorigenesis of these relatively different cancers.
Detailed Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Electron Transport in a Dye Solar Cell by Means of a Three-Electrode Configuration (2008)

Dye solar cells have been built in a three-electrode configuration where the nanoporous TiO2 layer has been contacted additionally on the rear side by means of a thin porous layer of metal titanium. With this third electrode, it was proved that under short-circuit conditions and an illumination intensity equivalent to “1 sun”, the differences of the electrochemical potential of the electrons between the two ends of the TiO2 layer reached values of more than 600 meV. The results confirm our former work carried out using an indirect method. As the third electrode could be used as a current collector as well, deeper insight in the transient behavior was achieved. A model has been developed to describe the transient electron transport through the TiO2 matrix, taking explicitly into account the numerous trap states of nanoporous anatase. The model turned out to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Is the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Valid for Use in Preschool Children with Refractive Errors? (2010)

The PedsQL 4.0 in its current state is not a valid psychometric scale to effectively evaluate the impact of refractive errors on HRQoL in preschool children in Singapore.
En-face optical coherence tomography - a novel application of non-invasive imaging to art conservation (2005)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an optical interferometric technique developed mainly for in vivo imaging of the eye and biological tissues. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of OCT for non-invasive examination of museum paintings. Two en-face scanning OCT systems operating at 850 nm and 1300 nm were used to produce B-scan and C-scan images at typical working distances of 2 cm. The 3D images produced by the OCT systems show not only the structure of the varnish layer but also the paint layers and underdrawings (preparatory drawings under the paint layers). The highest ever resolution and dynamic range images of underdrawings are presented and for the first time it is possible to find out non-invasively on which layer the underdrawings were drawn.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed N‐Alkynylation of Imidazoles, Benzimidazoles, Indazoles, and Pyrazoles Using PEG as Solvent Medium. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phosphorylation of Nucleotides with Inorganic Cyclo-Triphosphate (1991)

Abstract Phosphorylation of nucleotides (nucleoside 3′- and 5′-monophosphates, and 2′-deoxynucleoside 5′-monophosphates) with inorganic sodium cyclo-triphosphate (P3m) was studied in aqueous solutions under various conditions (mixing ratio of P3m to nucleotides, pH, reaction temperature, and time). (I) Unprotected nucleoside 5′-monophosphates (5′-NMP’s) were easily phosphorylated at the cis-2′,3′-diol by P3m to form selectively nucleoside 2′,5′-bis(monophosphate) (2′,5′-NDP’s), nucleoside 3′,5′-bis(monophosphate) (3′,5′-NDP’s), and nucleoside 2′,3′-cyclic 5′-bis(monophosphate) (cNDP’s). (2) The phosphorylation of 5′-NMP’s was strongly dependent on mixing ratio, pH, reaction temperature, and time. Under conditions of high mixing ratios of P3m to 5′-NMP’s (5:1–10:1), high pH (12), and room temperature, 92–98% of 5′-NMP’s was converted into 3′,5′-NDP’s and 2′,5′-NDP’s in roughly equimolar quantities. (3) Small quantities (5–8%) of cNDP’s were formed at the initial stage of reaction of 5′-NMP’s with P3m but in the course of the reaction for a long period, cNDP’s were hydrolyzed to 2′,5′-NDP’s and 3′,5′-NDP’s. (4) Nucleoside 3′-monophosphates (3′-NMP’s) and 2′-deoxynucleoside 5′-monophosphates (dNMP’s) could not be phosphorylated by P3m, which indicates that the presence of hydroxyl groups at both 2′- and 3′-positions on nucleotides is indispensable for the phosphorylation of nucleotides with P3m. (5) The mechanism of the formation of 2′,5′-NDP’s, 3′,5′-NDP’s, and cNDP’s in the phosphorylation of 5′-NMP’s with P3m is discussed.
Rhodanine dye-based small molecule acceptors for organic photovoltaic cells (2014)

The solution-processable small molecules based on carbazole or fluorene containing rhodanine dyes at both ends were synthesized and introduced as acceptors in organic photovoltaic cells. The high energy levels of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals resulted in a power conversion efficiency of 3.08% and an open circuit voltage of up to 1.03 V.
Method of Refining Silicon by Alloying&mdash;Fundamental Research (1954)

Ichiji Obinata and Noboru KomatsuMethod of Rening Silicon by
Web Mining mit Kausalen Netzen für das online-Computermagazin tecChannel (2002)

In diesem Beitrag wird an Hand eines praktischen Beispiels vorgestellt, wie sich die Bewegungen der Besucher auf einer Website basierend auf „statistischen Verhaltensmodellen“ analysieren lassen. Die Technologie, auf der die Analysen beruhen, ist im Detail in einem separaten Artikel in diesem Buch beschrieben (s. Kapitel 2.3.4). Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich praktischen Anwendung dieser Technologie, beschreibt Ergebnisse aus einem Projekt mit dem Online-Computermagazin www.tecChannel.de und diskutiert an Hand des Projektes Vor- und Nachteile der modellbasierten Vorgehensweise.
Myocardial fibrosis is not associated with reduced quality of life in patients with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2011)

Background and objectives Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) frequently demonstrate non-ischemic pattern myocardial fibrosis (MF) on delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). The clinical significance of this finding with respect to impact on Quality of Life (QOL) is poorly understood. In this study we identify the prevalence of MF in patients with HCM and DCM and assess its relationship with standardized measures of QOL. Methods One-hundred and seven consecutive patients with either DCM (n=50) or HCM (n=57) referred for MRI evaluation were identified. DCM was defined as a LVEF 3SD above reference myocardium) using validated commercial software. Results