gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Countdown to Zero Day: Stuxnet and the Launch of the World's First Digital Weapon (2014)

In January 2010, inspectors with the International Atomic Energy Agency noticed that centrifuges at an Iranian uranium enrichment plant were failing at an unprecedented rate. The cause was a complete mystery—apparently as much to the technicians replacing the centrifuges as to the inspectors observing them. Then, five months later, a seemingly unrelated event occurred: A computer security firm in Belarus was called in to troubleshoot some computers in Iran that were crashing and rebooting repeatedly. At first, the firm’s programmers believed the malicious code on the machines was a simple, routine piece of malware. But as they and other experts around the world investigated, they discovered a mysterious virus of unparalleled complexity. They had, they soon learned, stumbled upon the world’s first digital weapon. For Stuxnet, as it came to be known, was unlike any other virus or worm built before: Rather than simply hijacking targeted computers or stealing information from them, it escaped the digital realm to wreak actual, physical destruction on a nuclear facility. In these pages, Wired journalist Kim Zetter draws on her extensive sources and expertise to tell the story behind Stuxnet’s planning, execution, and discovery, covering its genesis in the corridors of Bush’s White House and its unleashing on systems in Iran—and telling the spectacular, unlikely tale of the security geeks who managed to unravel a sabotage campaign years in the making. But Countdown to Zero Day ranges far beyond Stuxnet itself. Here, Zetter shows us how digital warfare developed in the US. She takes us inside today’s flourishing zero-day “grey markets,” in which intelligence agencies and militaries pay huge sums for the malicious code they need to carry out infiltrations and attacks. She reveals just how vulnerable many of our own critical systems are to Stuxnet-like strikes, from nation-state adversaries and anonymous hackers alike—and shows us just what might happen should our infrastructure be targeted by such an attack. Propelled by Zetter’s unique knowledge and access, and filled with eye-opening explanations of the technologies involved, Countdown to Zero Day is a comprehensive and prescient portrait of a world at the edge of a new kind of war.
Differential induction of four <i>msx</i> homeobox genes during fin development and regeneration in zebrafish (1995)

To study the genetic regulation of growth control and pattern formation during fin development and regeneration, we have analysed the expression of four homeobox genes, msxA, msxB, msxC and msxD in zebrafish fins. The median fin fold, which gives rise to the unpaired fins, expresses these four msx genes during development. Transcripts of the genes are also present in cells of the presumptive pectoral fin buds. The most distal cells, the apical ectodermal ridge of the paired fins and the cleft and flanking cells of the median fin fold express all these msx genes with the exception of msxC. Mesenchymal cells underlying the most distal cells express all four genes. Expression of the msx genes in the fin fold and fin buds is transient and, by 3 days after fertilization, msx expression in the median fin fold falls below levels detectable by in situ hybridization. Although the fins of adult zebrafish normally have levels of msx transcripts undetectable by in situ hybridization, expression of all four genes is strongly reinduced during regeneration of both paired and unpaired fins. Induction of msx gene expression in regenerating caudal fins occurs as early as 30 hours postamputation. As the blastema forms, the levels of expression increase and reach a maximum between the third and fifth days. Then, msx expression progressively declines and disappears by day 12 when the caudal fin has grown back to its normal size. In the regenerating fin, the blastema cells that develop at the tip of each fin ray express msxB and msxC. Cells of the overlying epithelium express msxA and msxD, but do not express msxB or msxC. Amputations at various levels along the proximodistal axis of the fin suggest that msxB expression depends upon the position of the blastema, with cells of the rapidly proliferating proximal blastema expressing higher levels than the cells of the less rapidly proliferating distal blastema. Expression of msxC and msxD is independent of the position of the blastema cell along this axis. Our results suggest distinct roles for each of the four msx genes during fin development and regeneration and differential regulation of their expression.
Detection of human parvovirus B19 in early spontaneous abortuses using serology, histology, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, and the polymerase chain reaction (1993)

Parvovirus B19 DNA was found in two of 80 early spontaneous abortuses. Although viral DNA was detected in two cases, there was no clear evidence that the infections caused fetal death. Neither case showed erythroblastosis with large numbers of inclusions, as is seen in hydropic fetuses with parvovirus infection. In addition, in five cases in which parvovirus infection was not documented serologically or by the polymerase chain reaction, there was erythroid nuclear clearing suggestive of parvovirus B19 inclusions. This indicates that histologic evaluation for parvoviral inclusions is not always reliable in early spontaneous abortuses.
P2PSIP bootstrapping using DNS-SD (2007)

This document describes a DNS-based bootstrap mechanism to discover
the initial peer or peers needed to join a P2PSIP Overlay. The
document specifies the use of DNS Service Discovery (DNS-SD) and the
format of the required resource records to support the discovery of
P2PSIP peers. This mechanism can be applied in scenarios with DNS
servers or combined with multicast DNS to fulfill different proposed
P2PSIP use cases.
Limitations of the Fictive Temperature Concept (1956)

The fictive temperature formalism, in which the structural state of the glass is characterized by the fictive temperature T , is very useful in the qualitative description of the effects of thermal treatment in the transformation range. Experimental data are presented which show, however, that such a one‐parameter description has only a limited quantitative significance. When samples of a borosilicate crown, glass, annealed at various constant cooling rates, are compared with samples annealed at constant temperature, it is found that a single parameter does not specify all physical properties simultaneously and that the two types of samples differ markedly in transformation‐range kinetic phenomena. Properties studied include density, refractive index, low‐temperature thermal expansion, approach to equilibrium at constant temperature, and thermal expansion during heating in the transformation range.
Piómetra y tumor de células de Sertoli en canino Schnauzer miniatura macho con Síndrome de Persistencia de Conductos Müllerianos (PMDS) (2016)

"Uno de los pseudohermafroditismos masculinos, que se ha registrado en diversas razas caninas, es la persistencia del conducto de Müller. En esta anomalía, hereditaria autosómica recesiva, el sexo cromosómico y gonadal coinciden, mientras que el fenotípico no. Los machos afectados presentan órganos genitales masculinos, oviducto, útero y vagina craneal, siendo éstos derivados del Conducto de Müller. Se describe el caso de un canino schnauzer miniatura, de 6 años de edad, fenotípicamente macho. El paciente se presentó a la clínica por una segunda opinión sobre un cuadro de piuria través de la uretra peneana, apatía, anorexia y distención abdominal. El canino presentaba criptorquidismo bilateral. Se realizó una ecografía y radiografía abdominal, las cuales revelaron estructuras compatibles con una piómetra. Se realizó una laparotomía exploratoria, confirmando los hallazgos imagenológicos. Al remover la piómetra se encontraron ambos testículos craneales a cada cuerno uterino. El izquierdo presentaba un tumor de células de Sertoli y el derecho estaba hipoplásico."
A long leader intron of the <i>Ostub16</i> rice β‐tubulin gene is required for high‐level gene expression and can autonomously promote transcription both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2002)

A 2 kb DNA fragment, upstream of the rice beta-tubulin isotype 16 (Ostub16) coding sequence, was isolated using inverse PCR and screening of a tubulin-enriched lambda library. An intron (863 bp) present in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is spliced out to produce the most abundant mRNA species which corresponds to the previously cloned Ostub16 cDNA. Transient expression assays performed on rice embryogenic calluses with chimeric Ostub16::GUS constructs demonstrated that the entire 2 kb upstream sequence has a strong promoter activity, and that the 863 bp intron is required for high-level GUS expression. In addition, the intron sequence is capable per se of sustaining a weak but consistent GUS expression. Two rare Ostub16 transcripts, with a start site mapping within this intron sequence, were detected in rice coleoptile cells. The transcription start site mapped at position -290 with respect to the ATG codon, and the shorter molecule originated from splicing of the same precursor mRNA. Therefore transcriptional expression of rice beta-tubulin isotype 16 results in the synthesis of two premRNA molecules (I and II) encoding for three different mRNA species. We discuss these findings in terms of function and molecular evolution of the mechanisms that control plant beta-tubulin gene expression.
Methods of Improving the Matrix Dominated Performance of Composite Structures: A Technical Review. (1983)

Abstract : Contained herein is a discussion of methods of increasing the matrix dominated properties of two-phase, continuous fiber/polymer composite materials by the addition of a third phase. For example, a resultant composite exhibiting improved matrix dominated properties may consist of an epoxy matrix binding together both silicon carbide whiskers and continuous graphite fibers. The potential exists to hold the fiber volume content at a level of approximately 50 to 60 percent while displacing 5 to 15 percent of the epoxy with whiskers. The resultant fiber/whisker/epoxy composite has the potential to exhibit superior strength and stiffness to weight properties as compared to a fiber/epoxy composite. The distinct approaches are examined. The first appraoch utilizes the fibers as a carrier for the whiskers, or third phase. It is proposed that silicon carbide whiskers be grown directly on the surface of graphite fibers. These fibers can then be impregnated with the epoxy matrix. The second approach is to utilize the epoxy matrix as a carrier for the whiskers. Silicon carbide whiskers can be added to the epoxy prior to impregnation of the graphite fibers.
William T. Wiley (1981)

Contextualizing Wiley's work within Funk art, Greenfield describes Wiley's work, his use of drawing and painting, and the meanings of his images. Biographical notes. 9 bibl. ref.
XPS studies of radiation grafted PTFE-g-polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes (2000)

Structural investigations of PTFE-g-polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes prepared by radiation grafting of styrene onto PTFE were conducted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analyzed materials included original PTFE film as a reference material, grafted film, and sulfonated membrane samples having various degrees of grafting. Interest is focused on C1s, F1s, O1s, and S2p of narrow XPS spectra as the basic elemental components of the membrane. The original PTFE film was found to undergo structural changes in terms of chemical composition and shifting in binding energy induced by incorporation of sulfonated polystyrene grafts, and the amount of such changes depends on the degree of grafting. The atomic ratio of F/C was found to decrease with the increase in the degree of grafting, while that for S/C and O/C were found to increase. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 336–349, 2000
Thrombosis and Haemostasis Wishes You a Happy New Year Ahead! (2018)

We are pleased to embrace the New Year with our traditional January Editorial and Editors' Choice.[1]
1A Processor: Organization and Objectives (1977)

This paper presents an overview of the 1A Processor in terms of objectives, design philosophy, major features, and applications in the Bell System. It also serves as an introduction to the detailed technical papers that follow.
A cre recombinase transgene with mosaic, widespread tamoxifen‐inducible action (2002)

Cre-mediated site-specific recombination allows conditional transgene expression or gene knockouts in mice. Inducible Cre recombination systems have been developed to bypass initial embryonic lethal phenotypes and provide access to later embryonic or adult phenotypes. We have produced Cre transgenic mice in which excision is tamoxifen inducible and occurs in a widespread mosaic pattern. We utilized our Cre excision reporter system combined with an embryonic stem (ES) cell screen to identify ES cell clones with undetectable background Cre activity in the absence of tamoxifen but efficient excision upon addition of tamoxifen. The CreER transgenic mouse lines derived from the ES cells were tested using the Z/AP and Z/EG Cre reporter lines. Reporter gene expression indicated Cre excision was maximal in midgestation embryos by 2 days after tamoxifen administration, with an overall efficiency of 5-10% of cells with Cre excision. At 3 days after tamoxifen treatment most reporter gene expression marked groups of cells, suggesting an expansion of cells with Cre excision, and the proportion of cells with Cre excision was maintained. In adults, Cre excision was also observed with varying efficiencies in all tissues after tamoxifen treatment.
TREATMENT OF OILFIELD PRODUCED WATER: A CLEANER PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SODIUM CARBONATE (SODA ASH) (2013)

The objective of this research was to obtain soda ash from oilfield produced water. The association between produced water and the conditions to produce soda ash, its processes and reactions, inspired the development of this innovative research. With the goal of transforming this wastewater in a high value product, this research performed and compared different treatment processes. An anionic surfactant was used in the flotation process of the dispersed oil phase, and sodium carbonate was employed to promote calcium and magnesium precipitations. The relationship between the liquid effluents and solid wastes with the quality of the soda ash produced was established. The quality parameters for treated water were determined, and the different streams derived from these treatments were used in the production of soda ash. The soda ash obtained in this research presented physicochemical composition similar to the one of a carbonate mineral (trona ore). The yields were as high as 80%. This process allowed to treat and to transform produced water, an effluent that is harmful to the environment, into soda ash which is largely used in the industry.
Ubiquity of plasmids in coding for toluene and xylene metabolism in soil bacteria: evidence for the existence of new TOL plasmids (1976)

Thirteen bacteria have been isolated from nine different soil samples by selective enrichment culture on m-toluate (m-methylbenzoate) minimal medium. Eight of these were classified as Pseudomonas putida, one as a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., and four as nonfluorescent Pseudomonas sp. All 13 strains appeared to carry TOL plasmids superficially similar to that previously described in P. putida mt-2 in that: (i) all the wild-type strains could utilize toluene, m-xylene, and p-xylene as sole carbon and energy sources, (ii) these growth substrates were metabolized through the corresponding alcohols and aldehydes to benzoate, m-toluate, and p-toluate, respectively, and thence by the divergent meta (or alpha-ketoacid) pathway, and (iii) the isolates could simultaneously and spontaneously lose their ability to utilize the hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and acids, particularly during growth on benzoate, giving rise to cured strains which could grow only on benzaldehyde and benzoate of the aromatic substrates by the alternative ortho (or beta-ketoadipate) pathway. Eight of the isolates were able to transfer their TOL plasmids into their own cured strains, but only five were able to transfer them in interstrain conjugation into the cured strains, but only five were able to transfer them in interstrain conjugation into the cured derivative of P. putida mt-2. However, P. putida mt-2 was able to transfer its TOL plasmid into 11 of the cured isolates, and eight of these were able to retransmit this foreign plasmid in intrastrain conjugation with their own cured derivatives. Three of the isolates, MT 14, MT 15, and MT 20, differed significantly from the others in that the wild-type strains dissimilated the p-methyl-substituted substrates poorly, and also, during growth on benzoate, in addition to the cured derivatives, they gave rise to derivatives with a phenotype intermediate between the cured and wild-type strains, the biochemical and genetic nature of which has not been elucidated.
Calling the shots (2012)

His name is Joachim Rosenberg, he's the executive vice-president of Volvo Group's newly structured Asia Pacific (APAC) region and in typical Volvo fashion, definitive answers weren't a feature of a recent interview with Steve Brooks. He did, however, leave the distinct impression that Australia has a new, sharper focus within the Volvo world.
Performance evaluation of an online load change detection algorithm (2010)

In this paper we evaluate an online load change detection algorithm, aimed to identify changes in traffic loads when monitoring Internet links. This online change detector was first introduced in [1] and produces an alert when a sustained and statistically significant change has been detected. Then, the network manager verifies the change and takes action if the change is truly relevant. We show that the behavior of the algorithm with synthetically generated time series is appropriate, and the obtained results are as expected.
Polar Heterostructure for Multifunction Devices: Theoretical Studies (2005)

We examine the potential of devices based on heterostructures made from highly polar materials and semiconductors. Our calculations show that such functional devices have superior sensor properties and transistor properties. The basis device examined is based on the use of a thin oxide with high piezoelectric coefficients or pyroelectric coefficients under the gate region. Channel charge and current are controlled by gate voltage, temperature, or stress. We examine the performance of three classes of heterostructures that form the basis of important semiconductor technologies: 1) Si-SiO/sub 2/-BaTiO/sub 3/ heterostructure junctions that would be an important breakthrough for silicon sensor technology; 2) GaN-AlN-BaTiO/sub 3/ heterostructure junctions that would be important especially in high temperature sensor application; and 3) GaAs-AlGaAs-BaTiO/sub 3/ heterostructure field effect transistors. The calculations show that with a very thin polar material layer we can have a highly sensitive sensor and transistor. For optimum performance, the polar material (piezoelectric or pyroelectric) layer thickness should be /spl sim/30 /spl Aring/.
Respirator Cartridge Efficiency Studies: V. Effect of Solvent Vapor (1974)

Abstract We have determined the service lives of organic vapor respirator cartridges for 121 solvent vapors and gases including aromatics, alcohols, acetates, alkanes, ketones, amines, and chlorinated materials. We passed the vapor and air mixtures through the cartridges and monitored the downstream concentration with a flame ionization detector (FID). Monitoring continues until the cartridge is completely saturated. We compared breakthrough times to values calculated from the adsorption isotherm and Mecklenburg equation and obtained reasonable agreement. In general, the activated carbon has greater affinity for the less volatile materials. Also, the higher the boiling point of the solvent, the greater is the weight of solvent adsorbed. Water vapor, in general, decreases the amount of solvent vapor adsorbed, especially of the more volatile solvents and those soluble in water. The effect of concentration on breakthrough time was briefly investigated and found to conform to the basic Freundlich equation.
User authentication for mobile device through image selection (2009)

To provide adequate authentication to users is a constant problem, especially with mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs). However, these devices are also being used extensively by government agencies, hospitals and military and in businesses so there is a security risk not only because they contain sensitive information but they may also present means to access information on wireless networks. So user authentication is a main question for the security of mobile devices that may be caught by unauthorized individual. However traditional alphanumeric passwords do not provide high security level to mobile devices as they are more vulnerable to brute force and dictionary attacks. To overcome this problem visual authentication techniques were introduced. In this research paper we are going to analyze several visual techniques for authentication of mobile device users. And in the end we will describe our own technique which uses an alphanumeric string with pictures as passwords.
Prevalence and specificity of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sera from feedlot and range cattle. (1988)

The specificity of serum antibodies for the polypeptides of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was examined, using sera obtained from feedlot and range cattle. Test results in sera from feedlot cattle indicated a 60% rate of seroconversion and 95% seropositivity to BRSV, associated with lack of clinical signs indicative of respiratory tract disease. Exposure to other common respiratory tract viruses also was high (greater than or equal to 92% to bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and para-influenza virus type 3). Test results in sera from range cattle indicated BRSV seropositive rates of 28% in calves, 49% in yearling cattle, and 70% in mature cows; clinical signs of respiratory tract disease were not observed in these cattle. Antibodies to BRSV in sera from cattle in both environments reacted predominantly with polypeptides of molecular weight 80,000 through 85,000, 40,000, and 28,000. Reactivity to a glycoprotein of molecular weight between 43,000 and 44,000 and to several glycopolypeptides of smaller molecular weight increased in serum specimens obtained from feedlot cattle between time of entry into the feedlot and slaughter.
FPGA implementation of a modified hard decision decoding for 2-D TPC (2009)

A modified algorithm for two-dimensional TPC decoding is proposed to reduce the wrong frame rate in the (16,11,4) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Turbo Product Code (TPC) decoding in this paper. It is based on the hard decision decoding, including a chooser and a parallel decoding architecture that one is column-row and the other is row-column. The Monte-Carlo simulation shows that 30% wrong frame is eliminated and the implementation of the decoder for TPC (16,11,4) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with FPGA has achieved the decoding throughput of 53 Mbit/s with 20 M clock.