gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 4‐Bromophthalic Anhydride by Oxidation of 4‐Bromo‐ortho‐ xylene. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the Degradation of MEMS Gyroscope Performance in the Presence of High Power Acoustic Noise (2007)

Due to their reduced size, cost, and power requirements relative to traditional gyroscopes, MEMS gyroscopic sensors are finding increasing use in many applications. It is well known that unshielded MEMS gyroscopes can be vulnerable to both mechanical shock and high frequency vibrations. The results of this investigation indicate that MEMS gyroscopes are also susceptible to high power, high frequency content acoustic noise. Acoustic energy frequency components that are close to the resonating frequency of the proof mass in the MEMS gyroscope can produce undesirable motion of the proof mass, resulting in corruption in the angular rate measurement. If the acoustic signals possess enough power in the vicinity of the sensor resonating frequency, the resulting degradation in sensor performance can be severe enough to render the angular rate measurements useless.
MINOR TOWN AND DISTRICT LIBRARIES OF MASSACHUSETTS (2010)

Nearly all the District or Township Libraries of Massachusetts have been formed in pursuance of legislative provisions connected with the State system of Common Schools, and are usually designated ‘School - District Libraries.’ Both in purpose and in practice, however, they are commonly the Libraries of the District; not merely the Libraries of the School. Their name therefore fails to indicate their full character.
Progess in Antimicrobial Immunity (1985)

The presented papers dealt with the interactions of viral, bacterial and parasitic infectious agents with the immune system in animal models and in man. Three main approaches were undertaken : (a) immunogenetic control of host resistance to infection; (b) the role of T cell-mediated reactions in host protection and pathology; and (c) modulation of the host’s immune functions by microbial infection.
Pesticide metabolism in humans, including polymorphisms. (2005)

Recent epidemiologic studies involving Gulf War veterans or agricultural workers suggest that pesticide-pesticide or pesticide-drug interactions may be related to Gulf-War-related illnesses or elevated cancer risks, respectively. Metabolic interactions are one of many potential mechanisms requiring exploration in humans. The goal of the studies is to characterize important metabolic profiles of selected pesticides and examine potential interactions to characterize human risks associated with exposure. Pesticides examined using human liver microsomes and cytosolic fractions included chlorpyrifos, carbaryl and permethrin. The metabolic pathways involved include cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), esterases, and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Specific isoforms and some polymorphic enzymes were characterized. Pesticide-pesticide interactions with metabolizing enzymes were demonstrated. Exposure of human hepatocytes to chlorpyrifos and permethrin demonstrated their potential to induce CYP isoforms using the bDNA (branched deoxyribonucleic acid) assay [used to monitor mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) levels]. These studies suggest that knowledge of human metabolic pathways will provide information that can aid the risk assessment process.
High performance wafer-bonded bottom-emitting 850 nm VCSELs on transparent substrates (1999)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are of great interest in this application because of their low cost fabrication, 2D integrable geometry, ultralow threshold current, and tight circular beam shape. We demonstrate high efficiency 850 nm bottom-emitting VCSELs on transparent undoped GaP and sapphire substrates.
A novel {Fe<sup>i</sup>–Fe<sup>ii</sup>–Fe<sup>ii</sup>–Fe<sup>i</sup>} iron thiolate carbonyl assembly which electrocatalyses hydrogen evolution (2004)

A novel tetra-iron thiolate carbonyl assembly is described in which two dithiolate tetracarbonyl di-iron centres with a 'butterfly' configuration of the {2Fe3S}-cores are fused by two bridging thiolates which form a central planar 2Fe2S unit and comprise the first example of a chain of four metal-metal bonded iron atoms supported by a bridging sulfur framework; the assembly electrocatalyses hydrogen evolution.
Relationships among factual and perceived knowledge of harms of waterpipe tobacco, perceived risk, and desire to quit among college users (2013)

Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in the United States among college students. Through a web-based survey, we explored associations among factual and perceived knowledge, perceived risks and worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit among 316 college waterpipe tobacco smoking users. Overall, factual knowledge of the harm of waterpipe tobacco smoking was poor, factual and perceived knowledge was weakly correlated, both forms of knowledge were related inconsistently to perceived risks and worry, and neither form of knowledge was associated with the desire to quit. Findings provide preliminary insights as to why knowledge gaps may not predict cessation among waterpipe users.
Positron Lifetime Spectra in Molecular Gases (1965)

Positron lifetime spectra have been measured in a wide variety of molecular gases at pressures up to about thirty atmospheres. The spectra were analyzed to yield the free-position annihilation rate ($\ensuremath{\lambda}_{e}^{+}$) and triplet-positronium quenching rate (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{q}$) at unit pressure. Attachment of the free positrons occurs in many of the gases. For the others, a strong correlation between $\ensuremath{\lambda}_{e}^{+}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, the electric-dipole polarizability at optical frequencies, is found, leading to a general relationship (for both molecular and atomic gases) between these two quantities. This is apparently the first experimental evidence that long-range dipole distortion is the predominant mechanism in low-energy positron scattering.
Measurement of Nuclear Inelastic Scattering Cross Section of Thorium-232 for 144keV Si-Filtered Neutrons (1983)

The nuclear inelastic scattering cross section of 232Th has been measured at 144 keV using a Si-filtered neutron beam from the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). The energy spectrum of the scattered neutrons was measured with a spherical hydrogen-gas counter and a pulse-height-unfolding procedure. Data were taken at nine scattering angles from 30° to 150° in 15° increments. The results provide new experimental information below 250 keV. The angle-integrated cross section is 0.74±0.05 barn, which agrees with the evaluation JENDL-2 and with a coupled-channel calculation where the inelastic scattering through the direct-excitation process of the collective rotational motion of a deformed nucleus is included as well as that through the compound-nucleus-formation process. Experimental results have been obtained also for the angular dependence of the elastically scattered neutrons at 144 keV.
Thermography as a tool in wind tunnel testing (2010)

The term “thermography” in general means the graphical visualization of temperature fields, or to give a more sophisticated definition: Thermography denotes the visualization and quantitative evaluation of the temperature on a body’s surface with the help of cameras (thermographic imaging). This is a widening of the method of thermometry, which in general denotes the measurement of temperatures using point sensors like thermo couples or resistance temperature detectors, for example. The most well known technique for thermographic imaging is the method of infrared thermography\n(IRT). In principle, IRT works by detecting the heat radiation emitted from a body surface with the help of suited sensors and calculating the corresponding temperature. In addition to IRT, several different\ntechniques exist to visualize surface temperature variations. They are based on the temperature sensitivity of certain physical properties of molecules which are embedded in a binder matrix, i.e. they have to be applied to the surface as paint or as some kind of foil which can be bonded to the surface of\ninterest. In the following sections the different methods for thermographic imaging will be described and their pros and cons with respect to their application in large wind tunnel testing will be highlighted. Special\nattention will be given to their usability as a tool for transition detection, i.e. the visualization of the laminar-turbulent transition of the boundary layer.
Optical Filter-Based Mitigation of Group Delay Ripple- and PMD-Related Penalties for High-Capacity Metro Networks (2011)

In high-capacity metro networks, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) offer a potentially cost-effective solution for compensation of chromatic dispersion (CD). However, FBGs suffer from stochastic variations of their group delay, the so-called group delay ripple (GDR). We propose a novel statistical model to describe the effects of stochastic variations of GDR. The statistical properties of our model are verified by comparison to measurement data and Monte Carlo simulations as well as Multicanonical Monte Carlo (MMC) simulations. Results indicate that without further measures to counteract the GDR distortions, very large penalties (>; 10 dB) for the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) occur frequently at a bitrate of 112 Gbit/s. Thus, we investigated the performance of short and cost-effective optical finite and infinite impulse response equalizer structures to mitigate the GDR distortions and to enhance the signal quality. With the use of optical equalizers (which can be realized as planar lightwave circuits) we were able to reduce the mean OSNR penalty due to the GDR to less than 0.1 dB. We also demonstrate that the same filter structures can efficiently be used to mitigate all-order PMD distortions as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Substituent Effect on the Stereoselectivity of the Acid‐ Induced Ring Opening of 1,2‐Epoxides Derived from 3,4‐ Dihydronaphthalene. Importance of the Reactive Conformations for the Stereoselectivity. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Liquid chromatographic determination of ampicillin in bovine and dog plasma by using a tandem solid-phase extraction method (1992)

The determination of ampicillin in plasma and serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection suffers from poor selectivity and sensitivity. Currently, the most common approach to overcoming these problems consists of improving the compound's detectability via pre- or postcolumn derivatization. In the method that we describe, however, enhanced selectivity is afforded by sample purification by a tandem solid-phase extraction method (ion-exchange and reversed-phase). This approach permits detection at wavelengths of as low as 210 nm, which results in enhanced sensitivity (detection limit, 0.01 microgram/ml). A second factor that affects selectivity is the addition to the chromatographic eluent of a crown ether to optimize the separation between ampicillin and polar endogenous plasma constituents. This combination of improved sample pretreatment and a more selective chromatographic system in conjunction with internal standardization forms the basis of a new assay for the quantitation of ampicillin in plasma. The overall recovery of ampicillin was 76.4% +/- 4.9% (n = 24), and the within-run and between-run coefficients of variation ranged from 1.6 to 7.2%. The method was applied to pharmacokinetic studies in cows and dogs after intramuscular or oral administration of the drug.
The feasibility of electrical monitoring of resin cure with the charge‐flow transistor (1981)

Abstract A new technique for the electrical monitoring of polymerization reactions such as resin cure is described. The technique is based on the charge‐flow transistor, which resembles a conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET), but with a portion of the metal gate replaced by the resin under study. Electrical signals obtained from several resins undergoing cure are presented, along with an electrical circuit model that can account for the principal features of these signals. The dramatic change in signal shape during cure can be related to corresponding changes in both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant.
Investigation of the production of high density uniform plasmas. Volume I. Final report, 2 April 1978-2 April 1979 (1979)

The discharge streamer instability, which leads to arcing in non self-sustaining discharges is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Framing camera studies of streamer growth from the cathode of an e-beam sustained discharge in various gases under various discharge conditions are discribed, analyzed, and compared with theoretical predictions. A previously developed model of the streamer is extended to include a more detailed description of the density, temperature, and input power distributions around the streamer tip. Stable high-density plasma discharges have many applications in plasma physics. An especially significant example is the use of these discharges in high-power gas lasers. The work described here concerns investigation of the external ionization e-beam sustainer method of producing a high-density discharge, together with the advantages and instabilities peculiar to that system.
Applicability of Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection to Study Degradation of Chlorophenols in Contaminated Soil (1997)

Details are presented for assembling an amperometric detector compatible with commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments. The detector assembled with a gold electrode achieves a sufficient sensitivity in analyzing liquid extracts to enable determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in soils at 35 mg/kg (PCP/soil). The CE system equipped with amperometric detection is used to study the oxidation of chlorophenols with ceric sulfate. The selected chlorophenols are completely oxidized by ceric sulfate in 5 min and the ceric sulfate can be recovered and reused. The same CE system is also applied for monitoring the photodegradation of PCP in contaminated soil, in the presence of titanium dioxide. Complete degradation of PCP, with no trace of electroactive products, is achieved in 7 h. This study demonstrates that capillary electrophoresis can be an important technique for monitoring processes of degradation and bioremediation.
Determination of fatigue in the electrically stimulated quadriceps muscle and relative effect of ischaemia (1993)

The creation of muscle fatigue using surface electrical stimulation represents a highly reproducible phenomenon in spinal cord injured patients. The torque output was recorded as a function of time. The fatigue curves recorded over 110s exhibited three main parts: first, a plateau of short duration, followed by a more or less steep slope and then a second plateau which was maintained for a long time. This phenomenon was fitted using an exponential equation which had been developed and four parameters introduced that outlined to the muscle behaviour. A set of fatigue indices was defined to characterize the asymptotic value, the slope, the coordinates of the inflexion point, the time constant and the vertical amplitude of the curve recorded. Two populations were studied; a group of 11 thoracic level of injury paraplegic patients and a group of 10 able-bodied control subjects. The computed coefficients of determination, r2, were of very high values (0.99). Therefore, fatigue indices gave reliable information. Torque output did not differ between the two populations until 25 s had elapsed, but from 30 s onwards it was markedly lower in paraplegics. The residual torque output was 21.1 +/- 10.6% in the paraplegic group while it was 58.5 +/- 8.9% in the control group. The effect of blood supply in the production of fatigue was also studied by repeating the same tests using a tourniquet at the groin level. The residual torque became 14.7 +/- 2.3% in the paraplegic group and 42.9 +/- 6.3% in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Separation albumin–PEG: Transmission of PEG through ultrafiltration membranes (1993)

Transmission of polyethylene glycol (PEG) through ultrafiltration membranes has been studied under various operating conditions of pressure, crossflow, and concentration, using different membranes cut-offs and two module designs with the aim of understanding the separation of PEG from BSA. The influence of protein adsorption and fouling of the choice of a membrane has also been considered. Retention depends in general on the molecule to average pore size ratio, as expected, but also on concentration polarization. Accordingly, all operating and design parameters favoring concentration polarization lead to higher transmission. At high fluxes, flexible macromolecules can pass through the membrane, even if the random coil is larger than the apparent average pore. From a process selectivity point of view, the best way to separate PEG from BSA would be to use a membrane totally retaining BSA and to enhance concentration polarization of PEG. Unfortunately, such conditions also increase fouling and concentration polarization by BSA, which limits flux and thus PEG concentration polarization and transmission. Consequences of such conditions on separation efficiency are discussed.
Removal of a single photon by adaptive absorption (2001)

We present a method to remove, using only linear optics, exactly one photon from a field mode. This is achieved by putting the system in contact with an absorbing environment, which is under continuous monitoring. A feedback mechanism then decouples the system from the environment as soon as the first photon is absorbed. We propose a possible scheme to implement this process and provide the theoretical tools to describe it.
Environmental Monitoring and Performance Evaluation of Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement: Conley Terminal, Boston, Massachusetts (1991)

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a construction material that combines the features of the cement-treated aggregate base, portland cement concrete (PCC) and asphalt pavement technologies. RCC is constructed by placing a zero-slump portland cement concrete mixture by means of a heavy asphalt paver, and compacting it with several passes of a vibrating roller. Large quantities of concrete can be placed quickly with a minimal amount of labor and equipment. No forms are needed and finishing operations are not required. These result in savings of approximately 30% over pavements built with conventional methods.
Summary of developments in the civil engineering capstone course in Taiwan (2015)

Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan (IEET) is the accreditation agency for engineering and technological education in Taiwan, and nearly all of the civil engineering programs in Taiwan have been accredited by IEET. As a Washington Accord signatory (WA), IEET accreditation system places much emphasis on graduate attributes; programs to be accredited must show evidence of graduates attributes that are consistent with their educational objectives. To align with the new requirements of the WA, IEET had a significant revision of the criteria, and starting from 2014, all programs to be accredited must have a Capstone Course and the program will have to use it as a way to provide evidence of the attainment of graduates attributes. Meanwhile, the Washington Accord also requires the students to be recognized are able to solve “complex engineering problems,” meaning the kind of engineering problems that may not have an obvious solution and may require the students to come up with a solution or possible solutions that take into consideration of a series of seemly conflict constrains. To comply with the WA graduate attributes, IEET has taken initiative to make Capstone Course a requirement in the accreditation criteria so that all students from accredited programs will deliver a Capstone project by graduation. To ease the transition, IEET requires the program to make Capstone Course a requirement starting from the entering class of 2014. Capstone project serves as an academic culminating experience for the students to integrate their learning in the program, namely the knowledge, skills and attitudes. While the Capstone Course may not be a required course in all programs now, most programs provide similar course or experience as electives. Considering the new mandates of the IEET accreditation criteria, programs are gearing up to modify their course requirements and/or course contents. Based on a preliminary study, IEET found a variety of structure of the course among the programs, and depending on the size and budget of the program, the contents of the Capstone Course could vary as well. In order to gain a better understanding of the developments of Capstone Course in the civil engineering departments, IEET sets out to conduct a survey to study the requirements, structure and assessment of the course. By conducting such a project, IEET hopes to have concrete information on the gap between the criteria requirements and the actual course offerings of the civil engineering programs. Meanwhile, the objective of the survey is to provide important references for programs as they go about modifying their curriculum. The contribution of this study will also shed lights on the development of such course in other disciplines. This paper provides a summary of the survey findings and possibly also the feedbacks from the civil engineering education community in Taiwan.
INTELLECT SYSTEM BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR PREDICTING THE TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE FIELD OF WORM GEAR (2000)

The Mathematical model of the transient temperature field is established by combining the research of heat transfer,tribology and meshing theory.The FEM programis developed based on the geometric and kinetic characteristics of the worm gear surface.By using the numerical value results,an intellect system for predicting the transient temperature field is gained for the finite element model.The system provides a necessary means for real time analysis of the transient temperature field of a worm gear.
Functional diversity of phytochrome family in the control of light and gibberellin‐mediated germination in <scp>A</scp>rabidopsis (2014)

In several species, seed germination is regulated by light in a way that restricts seedling emergence to the environmental conditions that are likely to be favourable for the success of the new individual, and therefore, this behaviour is recognized to have adaptive value. The phytochromes are one of the most relevant photoreceptors involved in light perception by plants. We explored the redundancy and diversity functions of the phytochrome family in the control of seed responsiveness to light and gibberellins (GA) by using a set of phytochrome mutants of Arabidopsis. Our data show that, in addition to the well-known role of phyB in the promotion of germination in response to high red to far-red ratios (R/FR), phyE and phyD stimulate germination at very low R/FR ratios, probably by promoting the action of phyA. Further, we show that phyC regulates negatively the seed responsiveness to light, unravelling unexpected functions for phyC in seed germination. Finally, we find that seed responsiveness to GA is mainly controlled by phyB, with phyC, phyD and phyE having relevant roles when acting in a phyB-deficient background. Our results indicate that phytochromes have multiple and complex roles during germination depending on the active photoreceptor background.