gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of a novel simulated learning environment upon student clinical subjective refraction performance: A pilot study (2016)

Background - Optometry students are taught the process of subjective refraction through lectures and laboratory based practicals before progressing to supervised clinical practice. Simulated learning environments (SLEs) are an emerging technology that are used in a range of health disciplines, however, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of clinical simulators as an educational tool. Methods - Forty optometry students (20 fourth year and 20 fifth year) were assessed twice by a qualified optometrist (two examinations separated by 4-8 weeks) while completing a monocular non-cycloplegic subjective refraction on the same patient with an unknown refractive error simulated using contact lenses. Half of the students were granted access to an online SLE, The Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI®) Virtual Refractor, and the remaining students formed a control group. The primary outcome measures at each visit were; accuracy of the clinical refraction compared to a qualified optometrist and relative to the Optometry Council of Australia and New Zealand (OCANZ) subjective refraction examination criteria. Secondary measures of interest included descriptors of student SLE engagement, student self-reported confidence levels and correlations between performance in the simulated and real world clinical environment. Results - Eighty percent of students in the intervention group interacted with the SLE (for an average of 100 minutes); however, there was no correlation between measures of student engagement with the BHVI® Virtual Refractor and speed or accuracy of clinical subjective refractions. Fifth year students were typically more confident and refracted more accurately and quickly than fourth year students. A year group by experimental group interaction (p = 0.03) was observed for accuracy of the spherical component of refraction, and post hoc analysis revealed that less experienced students exhibited greater gains in clinical accuracy following exposure to the SLE intervention. Conclusions - Short-term exposure to a SLE can positively influence clinical subjective refraction outcomes for less experienced optometry students and may be of benefit in increasing the skills of novice refractionists to levels appropriate for commencing supervised clinical interactions.
Cut mask optimization with wire planning in self-aligned multiple patterning full-chip routing (2015)

Because of the delay of next generation lithography technologies, self-aligned double patterning (SADP) has become one of the major lithography solutions for sub-20nm technology nodes. For advanced sub-10nm nodes, self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) or even self-aligned octuple patterning (SAOP) will be required. Due to considerable design complexity and unmanageable process variation, one-dimensional grid-based layout structure will be adopted, which can be achieved with sophisticated self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) process with the use of a cut mask. However, cut masks for arbitrary layouts are hardly manufacturable because cut mask rules are limited by conventional 193nm lithography. To the best of our knowledge, existing SADP- and SAQP-aware detailed routers would fail to generate cut mask-friendly routing results for general SAMP. In this paper, we propose the first work of cut mask optimization with wire planning in SAMP full-chip routing. We first identify cut mask-aware routing rules to guide our router. Then, cut mask-aware wire planning, detailed routing, and post-layout modification techniques are proposed in the routing flow. Experimental results show that the proposed routing algorithms are effective in generating routing results with optimized cut masks.
Toward a miniature endomicroscope: pixelation-free and diffraction-limited imaging through a fiber bundle (2014)

A fiber bundle is widely used for endoscopic imaging due to its direct image delivery capability. However, there exists an inevitable pixelation artifact, which limits spatial resolution to the diameter of individual fibers. In this Letter, we present a method that can eliminate this artifact and achieve diffraction-limited spatial resolution. We exploited the binary control of a digital micromirror device to measure a transmission matrix of a fiber bundle and to subsequently control mode mixing among individual fibers. In doing so, we achieved a 22 kHz scanning rate of a diffraction-limited focused spot and obtained fluorescence endoscope imaging (58 μm × 58 μm) with near video-rate (10.3 Hz) acquisition. Our study lays a foundation for developing an ultrathin and high-resolution microendoscope.
Comunicar en la actualidad más allá de los medios masivos: el receptor como protagonista (1998)

El trabajo aquí expuesto es fruto de las investigaciones iniciadas en las cátedras de comunicación alternativa y comunicación y educación de la Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina. En la actualidad, el trabajo se desarrolla en la Universidad de Valencia dentro del proyecto de tesis doctoral y de la investigación teórico-práctica: "La comunicación, herramienta de diagnóstico y actuación social". Esta labor se realiza conjuntamente con Flora Galera Moreno.
Study on Agriculture Application of Biogas Fluid of Food Waste Anaerobic Fermentation (2009)

泔脚沼液浓度影响植物种子的萌动过程,发芽及幼苗生长,不同的植物品种影响沼液的作用效应,泔脚沼液对黄瓜的初期生长相比水稻、小麦更具应用优势.在发芽率上,泔脚沼液对水稻、小麦均存在抑制效应,而在25%浓度以下浓度均对黄瓜产生较大的促进作用,对黄瓜种子的活力最大增强效应达到清水对照的3～4倍:对水稻幼苗的影响表明,10%以下的泔脚沼液对幼苗的生长影响较小,20%左右浓度对幼苗生长出现抑制,50%的浓度对幼苗生长产生剧烈毒害.
Thermal Energy Harvesting with Thermo Life (2006)

The continuous miniaturization and reduction of power consumption in modern electronic devices enables and demands the employment of alternative energy sources. Primary batteries as well-established energy sources are excessive in weight and size, and limit the lifespan and autonomy of electronic devices because of the need of replacement, making them unsuitable in systems with limited accessibility or in micro sensor networks with a high quantity of powered devices. These facts have lead to worldwide research in the field of energy harvesting devices in the last few years. The thermoelectric converter Thermo Life ® is a unique, small and compact energy source for micro electronic and sensor systems wherever a temperature difference exists in any environment. The thermal energy harvester is capable of producing an output power of a few 10 to 100 W and voltages in the Voltrange from small temperature gradients of only a few Kelvin.
Fair America: World's Fairs in the United States (review) (2002)

The cultural footprints left by world's fairs continue to fascinate a wide range of readers, from historians and cultural-studies scholars to the general public. Fair America is a welcome addition to a growing literature and brings together the expertise of authors already well known for their substantial contributions to the field. Robert Rydell energized a generation of scholars with his seminal works on world's fairs, including All the World's a Fair (1984) and World of Fairs (1993). The finely edited Historical Dictionary of World's Fairs (1990) by John Findling and Kimberly Pelle made available a series of excellent essays on international fairs, including those in the [End Page 429] United States, and continues to be the most valued overall reference source available.
Cytokine messenger RNA expression for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor in the nasal mucosa after local allergen provocation: relationship to tissue eosinophilia (1992)

Tissue eosinophilia is characteristic of human atopic allergic inflammation, although the mechanism is largely unknown. In this study we test the hypothesis that eosinophil infiltration during allergen-provoked rhinitis in hayfever sufferers may occur as a consequence of activation of a population of cells having a characteristic cytokine profile equivalent to the murine Th lymphocyte Th2 subset. Biopsies of the nasal inferior turbinate were obtained from 10 grass pollen-sensitive patients 24 h after local nasal provocation with allergen and after a control challenge with the allergen diluent. Biopsies were divided into two and subsequently processed for in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled RNA probes for selected cytokines and for immunohistology using an eosinophil granule mAb (EG2) which recognizes secreting eosinophils. At allergen-challenged sites compared with control sites there were significant increases in mRNA+ cells for IL-3 (p less than 0.04), IL-4 (p = 0.01), IL-5 (p = 0.02) and granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (p = 0.03). In contrast, only occasional hybridization signals were observed for IL-2 and IFN-gamma at both allergen and control sites. After allergen there was an increase (p = 0.01) in EG2+ eosinophils and significant correlations were observed between EG2+ cells and mRNA expression for "Th2-type" cytokines, particularly IL-5 (r = 0.90, p less than 0.0001). These results demonstrate that recruitment of eosinophils during human allergen-induced rhinitis is associated with cells expressing mRNA for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte/macrophage-CSF.
The Storyteller (2013)

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Tales of things (2011)

In this position paper we provide an overview of the Tales of Things and Electronic Memory (TOTeM) project - an 'Internet of Things' initiative concerned with the memory and value of everyday objects. Tales of Things provides a platform for any object, with a focus on old objects, to be augmented with information about its history and people's interactions with it. We discuss the progress of the project so far and consider future directions for our research in relation to the Internet of Things.
Images - December 2012 (2012)

December, 2012 This month, on Images! Promising students and proud donors meet at the Scholarship Reception... Is it better to give or receive? When it comes to scholarships for students who might not be able to pursue their dreams without financial assistance, the answer is both. College of DuPage's Scholarship Reception is an opportunity for scholarship recipients to meet donors, and an opportunity for donors to see the faces of those students whose lives have been changed because of their contributions. ... instructors prepare to reach students in the digital classroom... COD offers the new Teaching Online Utilizing Technology Certificate. Educators and trainers gain the essential skills to enhance instruction teaching online and engage students using technology. ... and Chef Chris Thielman prepares a delicious appetizer for your holiday spread ... If you're entertaining guests this holiday season, or just looking for something different to liven your menu, try an appetizer that is fast, easy and unique. COD's Chef Chris Thielman shares his recipe for Cheesy Eggplant Supreme Rolls. Plus... the art and science of Geography; and the Student Services Center has it all. All this and more in this edition of Images! Check your local cable listings for time and channel.
<scp>ERBB</scp>3 (<scp>HER</scp>3) is a key sensor in the regulation of <scp>ERBB</scp>‐mediated signaling in both low and high <scp>ERBB</scp>2 (<scp>HER</scp>2) expressing cancer cells (2012)

Aberrant expression and activation of EGFR and ERBB2 (HER2) have been successfully targeted for cancer therapeutics. Recent evidence from both basic and clinical studies suggests that ERBB3 (HER3) serves as a key activator of downstream signaling through dimerization with other ERBB proteins and plays a critical role in the widespread clinical resistance to EGFR and HER2 targeting cancer therapies. As a result, HER3 is actively pursued as an antibody therapeutic target for cancer. Ligand binding is thought to be a prerequisite for dimerization of HER3 with other ERBB proteins, which results in phosphorylation of its c-terminal tyrosine residues and activation of downstream AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In this study, we report that an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (HER2Mab), which blocks HER2 dimerization with HER3, induces HER3 dimerization with EGFR in both low and high HER2 expressing cancer cells. Treatment of the low HER2 expressing MCF7 cancer cells with HER2Mab promoted cell proliferation and migration in the absence of HER3 ligand stimulation. Follow-up studies revealed that HER2Mab-induced HER3 signaling via EGFR/HER3 dimerization and activation of downstream AKT signaling pathways. These results suggest that equilibrium of dimerization among the ERBB proteins can be perturbed by HER2Mab and HER3 plays a key role in sensing the perturbation.
Thrombocytotic suppression of megakaryocyte production from stem cells (1977)

Megakaryocytopoiesis in the spleens of lethally irradiated mice transplanted with marrow cells was suppressed by platelet transfusions. In one group of experiments, animals were irradiated and transfused with bone marrow cells on day O. They were then given either no treatment, platelets, platelet-poor plasma, or saline on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and then were sacrificed on day 10. Megakaryocytes per section in the spleens of mice receiving platelets were 24%-48% of the values in the groups given plasma, saline, or bone marrow only. The number of pure megakaryocyte colonies was also diminished by platelet hypertransfusion. Another experiment examined the effect of platelets or plasma administered on days 1 and 2 or days 6 and 7 after irradiation and bone marrow transfusion. Hypertransfusion on days 6 and 7 was as effective in suppressing megakaryocytopoiesis as hypertransfusion every other day for 10 days. Animals given platelets or plasma only on days 1 and 2 did not have any significant change in their megakaryocyte number. These results implied that committed megakaryocyte precursors were more sensitive to inhibition by increased platelet levels than pluripotential stem cells. Further experiments with plethoric animals indicated that different levels of erythropoietin did not account for the effects of platelet hypertransfusion. The findings could be explained by inhibition of cell proliferation or of differentiation of megakaryocyte precursors by increased platelet levels.
<b>Synthesis of Patchouli Alcohol</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Patchouli AlcoholG. Buchi and William D. MacleodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 16, 3205–3206Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00875a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00875a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Electrical and Thermal Properties of Trench Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Built on Copper Substrate (2008)

Vertical metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (UMOSFETs) were built on silicon substrates thinned to 7 mum and plated with 50- mum copper as drain electrode and mechanical support. Compared to the same devices on silicon substrates of 200 mum thick, the UMOSFET on 7-mum silicon demonstrates at least 16% less channel resistance and two times better device ruggedness. The reduced resistance is due to enhanced carrier mobility caused by increasing biaxial compressive thermal stress in silicon perpendicular to the channel, which is confirmed by a 3-D piezoresistance model. The doubling of ruggedness is attributed to a much improved transient thermal conductance.
Improving Regression Testing Transparency and Efficiency with History-Based Prioritization -- An Industrial Case Study (2011)

Background: History based regression testing was proposed as a basis for automating regression test selection, for the purpose of improving transparency and test efficiency, at the function test level in a large scale software development organization. Aim: The study aims at investigating the current manual regression testing process as well as adopting, implementing and evaluating the effect of the proposed method. Method: A case study was launched including: identification of important factors for prioritization and selection of test cases, implementation of the method, and a quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Results: 10 different factors, of which two are history-based, are identified as important for selection. Most of the information needed is available in the test management and error reporting systems while some is embedded in the process. Transparency is increased through a semi-automated method. Our quantitative evaluation indicates a possibility to improve efficiency, while the qualitative evaluation supports the general principles of history-based testing but suggests changes in implementation details.
Farmed fish quality (2001)

The basis of fish quality: Yield and composition Proximate composition Body and muscle structure Technological and processing properties Colour and appearance and pigments Eating quality and sensory attributes Microbiology Nutritional value of fish Ethical quality considerations Drug and vaccine residues Husbandry: Genetics Husbandry Diets and nutrition Micronutrients Taints and contamination Handling, harvesting and killing: Potential effects of preslaughter handling Killing and exsanguination Chilling and conditioning Post-harvest effects on quality: Rigour and primary processing Refrigeration and freezing and effects of holding at different temperatures Hygiene and decontamination Storage effects Non-destructive assessment of quality: On-line electronic meters Near infra-red fat analysis Modern methods of proximate analysis Rigour measurements Colour assessment Sensory assessment techniques: Profiling techniques Preference tests Processed fish products: Cold smoked and marinated products Hot smoked products Surimi and restructured products Innovative fish products Quality concerns in novel fish species Problems and solutions: Causes of downgrading in the salmon industry Codes of practice: an overview Strategies for improving quality.
A monoclonal antibody reacting with human basophils (1987)

Bsp-1 is an IgM murine monoclonal antibody raised against the human erythroblastic leukemia cell line (HEL) that reacts with basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Western blotting techniques showed that Bsp-1 reacts with a 45-kilodalton surface antigen on HEL cells. The distribution of Bsp-1 antigen on leukemic cells is confined to a basophilic leukemia cell line, KU812, chronic myeloid leukemia with basophilia, and some cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia. Bsp-1 might therefore be a useful reagent for the study of basophil function and differentiation.
Sand Movements in Newcastle Bight (1977)

To determine the feasibility of constructing an artificial harbour in Newcastle Bight, New South Wales, it was necessary to obtain design information relating to sand movements in the vicinity of the port site. This paper outlines the techniques employed in obtaining this design data.
퇴직연금제도 도입 기업의 특성 분석 (2011)

2005년 「근로자퇴직급여 보장법」이 제정되어 퇴직연금제도가 도입된 지 약 6년의 시간이 경과하였으나, 2011년 10월말 퇴직연금제도를 도입한 5인 이상 사업장은 전체사업장의 16.2%로 많이 활성화되지 않은 것이 현실이다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 「사업체패널조사」 2005년, 2007년 자료를 이용하여 퇴직연금제도를 도입한 사업장을 대상으로, 퇴직연금제도 도입 여부 및 제도 유형 선택에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 기업의 퇴직연금제도 도입 여부에는 노동력구조, 재무현황을 나타내는 변수들보다 노동조합유무(-), 고용안정협약 유무(+)가 가장 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 퇴직연금제도의 유형 선택과 관련하여서는 매출액 및 1인당 인건비 변수의 설명력이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 매출액이 클수록 DB형을, 1인당 인건비가 높을수록 DC형을 선택하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 퇴직연금제도의 활성화를 위해서는 노사합의에 기초한 제도도입 절차를 보다 용이하게 할 필요가 있으며, 현재 DB형에 집중되어 있는 퇴직연금 구조를 변화시키기 위해서는 기업의 재무적 구조에 영향을 줄 수 있는 제도적 장치의 설계가 필요함을 시사한다.
Energy loss of ions moving near a solid surface (1996)

The energy loss of an ion moving parallel to a solid surface is studied within the dielectric function formalism. Based on the specular-reflection model, the surface response function can be expressed in terms of the bulk dielectric function, and the effect of the exchange-correlation interaction of electrons in the solid is taken into account by the local-field correction dielectric theory. For low-velocity ions, semianalytical expressions of the energy loss are obtained. In the high-velocity limit, the contributions of the surface plasmon to the energy loss are studied using the hydrodynamic approximation (HA) and the plasmon pole approximation (PLA) to the bulk dielectric function. It is found that at low velocity, the exchange-correlation interaction of electrons enhances the magnitude of the energy loss, but at high velocity, its effect is less important, and both the HA and the PLA provide an adequate description for surface-plasmon description. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Rehearing The Shining: Musical Undercurrents in the Overlook Hotel (2009)

Like The Exorcist and Rosemary’s Baby of a few years before, and in keeping
with a central lineage of horror films extending back through Psycho to
the earliest contributions to the genre, Stanley Kubrick’s cult 1980 film
The Shining is notable for a score that makes abundant use of radically
dissonant, sonorously extreme modernist musical languages. In fact, with
this film’s renowned selection of pre-existing compositions by Bela Bartok,
Gyorgy Ligeti, and Krzysztof Penderecki, it is tempting to say that this
central musical convention of the horror genre reaches a kind of apogee,
as measured in terms of pervasiveness and prominence. As Kevin Donnelly
suggests in the most significant published study of the score, the importance
of this whole array of avant-garde music to the overall experience of The
Shining demands a change in the usual descriptions of film’s multi-media
interactions. In this case, he rightly implies, any reference to “background
music” falls so obviously short of the music’s presence and power, scene
by harrowing scene, that we are forced to think, instead, in the exactly
opposite terms of “foreground music.”1