gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Survival in Irradiated Animals Treated With Bacterial Endotoxins (1957)

A single injection of endotoxin derived from Gram negative bacteria caused an increased survival in lethally irradiated animals when given immediately after or 24 hours before irradiation. Mice responded better to the injection before irradiation and hamsters to the injection after irradiation. The effect was associated with a reduction in infection, very pronounced in the case of α-streptococcus or Proteus and still significant in the case of Pseudomonas infection. No beneficial effect was obtained when mice were given three endotoxin injections during 1 week or six injections during 2 weeks prior to irradiation. The beneficial effect is not necessarily associated with the granulocytosis which begins within a few hours after the endotoxin injection, or with the conditions under which nonirradiated animals show an increased resistance to bacterial challenge.
Walking the neighbourhood, seeing the small details of community life: Reflections from a photography walking tour (2011)

This paper examines the value of photography walking tours for exploring meanings and experiences of community. The work is part of a larger visual research project which sought to examine the everyday lives of residents in a neighbourhood identified as ‘disadvantaged’, with the tour being organized as an opportunity for residents to identify what they valued about their local environment and what they considered to be problematic. The dynamics involved in gathering this photographic record are one element of the discussion as is analysis of the ways in which the participants constructed and re-constructed their sense of community through the different examples they selected for photographing. The paper is thus concerned with the ways in which visual data bring different insights to understandings of which practices, services and resources are embedded in meanings of community in working-class neighbourhoods and, in turn, how such data might have value for informing policy and practice about the experiences of inequality in contemporary England.
Noise-spectrum measurement at subaudio frequencies (1965)

Direct measurement of noise spectra requires a standard-noise generator, a narrowband filter of adjustable frequency and a detector of adequate integrating time. Instruments for performing these three functions in the subaudio range of frequency are described. The accuracy is assessed, and it is shown that a high degree of precision is attainable. An example is included of the use of these instruments for the measurement of the flicker noise spectra of transistors.
A novel intra-rate estimation method for H.264 rate control (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel intra-rate estimation method for H.264 rate control. The proposed method establishes the intra-frame rate-quantization (R-Q) estimation model by using gradient-based picture complexity measure. The proposed model aims at selecting accurate quantization parameters for intra-coded frames which can fully comply with buffer constraints. By adaptively updating this R-Q model, the performance of the model can be guaranteed regardless of the changing of video frame characteristics. Simulation results show that by using our proposed scheme, better rate control for intra-frames and frames at scene changes can be achieved. As a result, the number of skipped frames is significantly reduced thus it provides improved visual quality of the reconstructed pictures.
Intracast muscle stimulation prevents bone and cartilage deterioration in cast-immobilized rabbits. (1984)

Tibial articular cartilage and the knee meniscus from cast-immobilized rabbits whose quadriceps were electrically stimulated for 17 days were compared with those from cast-immobilized rabbits without muscle stimulation. Cartilage from non-stimulated rabbits showed evidence of deep fibrillation and loss of Safranin O metachromasia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed large areas of cavitation and cartilage erosion. Cartilage from cast-immobilized muscle-stimulated rabbits demonstrated no fibrillation, pitting, or surface erosion at either the light microscopic or SEM levels. Electrical muscle stimulation prevented bone loss by significantly increasing bone turnover rate. These observations suggest that electrical muscle stimulation can prevent bone and cartilage deterioration in short-term cast-immobilized limbs.
Asymptotic optimality for distributed spectrum sharing using bargaining solutions (2009)

Recent studies on spectrum usage reveal poor utilization, both spatially and temporally. Opportunistic use of licensed spectrum while limiting interference to primary users can enhance spectrum reuse and provide orders of magnitude improvement in available channel capacity. This calls for spectrum sharing protocols that are dynamic, flexible, and efficient, in addition to being fair to end users. We employ cooperative game theory to address the opportunistic spectrum access problem. Specifically, we develop a game-theoretic model to analyze a scenario in which nodes in a wireless network seek to agree on a fair and efficient allocation of spectrum. First, we show that in high interference environments, the utility space of the game is non-convex, making certain optimal allocations unachievable with pure strategies. To mitigate this, we show that as the number of channels available increases, the utility space approaches convexity, thereby making optimal allocations achievable with pure strategies. Second, by comparing and analyzing three bargaining solutions, we show that the Nash bargaining solution achieves the best tradeoff between fairness and efficiency, using a small number of channels. Finally, we develop a distributed algorithm for spectrum sharing that is general enough to accomodate non-zero disagreement points, and show that it achieves allocations reasonably close to the Nash bargaining solution.
Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography of Fluorocarbons (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-Liquid Partition Chromatography of FluorocarbonsT. M. ReedCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 2, 221–228Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60134a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60134a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Source Materials on Geopolymerization (2003)

Few attempts have been made to understand the effect of the structural and surface properties of source materials on geopolymerization. In the present work, kaolinite, albite, and fly ash have been chosen for a case study to answer this question. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluoresence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 27Al and 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to characterize the source materials and geopolymers. The fly ash that has an amorphous structure and possesses the lowest binding energies in its structure shows the highest reactivity during geopolymerization. Apart from the reactivity, the desired Si/Al molar ratio in the gel phases and the leaching of the source materials are observed to significantly affect the geopolymerization. The geopolymerization of mixtures of two or three source materials demonstrates the benefits derived from the interaction between the source materials. Such interactions could optimize the gel phase composition and result in high strength geopolymers. It is expected that the geopolymers containing Ca and K and having Si/Al molar ratios of about 2 in the gel phase could have a high compressive strength.
Computed Tomography and Gray Scale Ultrasonography of the Adrenal Gland: A Comparative Study (1978)

A prospective analysis of computed tomography and gray scale ultrasonography of the adrenal gland in 34 patients is presented. The diagnostic probabilities were similar for both modalities. Pitfalls common to both procedures and specific to one technique are demonstrated. The relative role of computed tomography and gray scale ultrasonography in evaluation of adrenal abnormalities is discussed in light of specific pathologies and other non-invasive imaging procedures.
Structure-function relationships among the nickel-containing hydrogenases (1992)

The enzymology of the heterodimeric (NiFe) and (NiFeSe) hydrogeneses, the monomeric nickel-containing hydrogenases plus the multimeric F420-(NiFe) and NAD+-(NiFe) hydrogenases are summarized and discussed in terms of subunit localization of the redox-active nickel and non-heme iron clusters. It is proposed that nickel is ligated solely by amino acid residues of the large subunit and that the non-heme iron clusters are ligated by other cysteine-rich polypeptides encoded in the hydrogenase operons which are not necessarily homologous in either structure or function. Comparison of the hydrogenase operons or putative operons and their hydrogenase genes indicate that the arrangement, number and types of genes in these operons are not conserved among the various types of hydrogenases except for the gene encoding the large subunit. Thus, the presence of the gene for the large subunit is the sole feature common to all known nickel-containing hydrogenases and unites these hydrogenases into a large but diverse gene family. Although the different genes for the large subunits may possess only nominal general derived amino acid homology, all large subunit genes sequenced to date have the sequence R-X-C-X-X-C fully conserved in the amino terminal region of the polypeptide chain and the sequence D-P-C-X-X-C fully conserved in the carboxyl terminal region. It is proposed that these conserved motifs of amino acids provide the ligands required for the binding of the redox-active nickel. The existing EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) information is summarized and discussed in terms of the numbers and types of ligands to the nickel and the various redox species of nickel defined by EPR spectroscopy. New information concerning the ligands to nickel is presented based on site-directed mutagenesis of the gene encoding the large subunit of the (NiFe) hydrogenase-1 of Escherichia coli. Based on considerations of the biochemical, molecular and biophysical information, ligand environments of the nickel in different redox states of the (NiFe) hydrogenase are proposed.
cGAS is essential for cellular senescence (2017)

Cellular senescence is a natural barrier to tumorigenesis and it contributes to the antitumor effects of several therapies, including radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Senescence also plays an important role in aging, fibrosis, and tissue repair. The DNA damage response is a key event leading to senescence, which is characterized by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that includes expression of inflammatory cytokines. Here we show that cGMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates innate immunity, is essential for senescence. Deletion of cGAS accelerated the spontaneous immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. cGAS deletion also abrogated SASP induced by spontaneous immortalization or DNA damaging agents, including radiation and etoposide. cGAS is localized in the cytoplasm of nondividing cells but enters the nucleus and associates with chromatin DNA during mitosis in proliferating cells. DNA damage leads to accumulation of damaged DNA in cytoplasmic foci that contain cGAS. In human lung adenocarcinoma patients, low expression of cGAS is correlated with poor survival. These results indicate that cGAS mediates cellular senescence and retards immortalization. This is distinct from, and complementary to, the role of cGAS in activating antitumor immunity.
Effects of Pyrophosphate on Formation of Nucleotide Derivatives (1971)

It was found that CDP-choline was formed with good yield from 5′-CMP and choline phosphate or choline chloride by yeast cells. The effects of pyrophosphate (PPi) on the formation of UDPG, GDPM and CDP-choline from respective nucleoside monophosphate by yeast cells were studied. By the addition of PPi to the reaction mixture, the phosphorylation of G-6-P from glucose was inhibited and then the phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates was restrained. Such inhibition was reversed by the decomposition of PPi by inorganic pyrophosphatase of yeast cells. The addition of PPi after the formation of nucleotide derivatives caused the accumulation of UTP and GTP and molar yields from nucleotide as substrate was about 80%. But that of CTP was a little in the reaction system of CDP-choline synthesis. Further, this method seems to be suitable for the accumulation of sugar-1-phosphates.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 23‐OXOCHOLANES FROM BISNORCHOLANES (1979)

Abstract Die Ethinylierung des Bis‐norcholan‐tosylats (I) mit dem Lithiumacetylid‐Ethylendiamin‐Komplex in Dimethylsulfoxid ergibt nach der Reacetylierung das Alkin (II), aus dem nach der Hydratation über dem quecksilberbeladenen Harz Zeo‐Karb 225 das 23‐Oxocholandiacetat (III) gewonnen wird.
Nanopore test circuit for single-strand DNA sequencing (2012)

A nanopore test circuit is proposed for single-strand DNA sequencing, which allows real-time sensing of the electric conductance of individual sections of a DNA strand as it is pulled through the nanopore by an electric current at a controlled speed. The test circuit is based on a planar microchamber with a nanochannel drilled through its multilayer graphene electrode by an electron beam. The nanochannel is self-aligned with a nanopore created in the lipid bilayer membrane of liposomes by nanosecond electric pulses. Simulation shows that by carefully controlling the magnitude, period, and repetition rate of the pulses, the diameter of the nanopore can be optimized for the best speed the DNA is pulled through the nanopore.
Lung Epithelial Fluid Transport and the Resolution of Pulmonary Edema (2002)

The discovery of mechanisms that regulate salt and water transport by the alveolar and distal airway epithelium of the lung has generated new insights into the regulation of lung fluid balance under both normal and pathological conditions. There is convincing evidence that active sodium and chloride transporters are expressed in the distal lung epithelium and are responsible for the ability of the lung to remove alveolar fluid at the time of birth as well as in the mature lung when pathological conditions lead to the development of pulmonary edema. Currently, the best described molecular transporters are the epithelial sodium channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Na+-K+-ATPase, and several aquaporin water channels. Both catecholamine-dependent and -independent mechanisms can upregulate isosmolar fluid transport across the distal lung epithelium. Experimental and clinical studies have made it possible to examine the role of these transporters in the resolution of pulmonary edema.
EFEK NAUNGAN DAN ASAL ANAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) (2002)

Percobaan pengaruh naungan dan asal anakan eboni terhadap pertumbuhannya, telah dilakukan dj Persemaian Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin, Bengo, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan selama tiga bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah split plot design dengan dua faktor yaitu naungan dan asal anakan. Asal anakan sebagai petak utama terdiri dari dua tingkat, dan naungan sebagai anak petak ke dua terdiri dari empat tingkat Analisis data dengan menggunakan analsis sidik ragam, dan diuji dengan metoda Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Naungan 50% secara nyata, meningkatkan pertumbuhan diameter balang dan jumlah daun dengan nilai 0,09 mm dan 4,9 lembar, sedangkan naungan 75% lebih meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi dengan nilai 1,52 cm. Sedangkan untuk asal anakan, basil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa anakan eboni asal tegakan hutan alam,lebih baik dalam pertumbuhan diameter batang dan jumlah daunnya. Interaksi antara naungan dan asal anakan eboni secara nyata lebih meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi anakan dengan pertumbuhan yang terbaik dijumpai pada anakan alam. Untuk pengadaan bibit eboni yang bermutu baik dapat dikembangkan dari anakan alami dan persemaian dengan memberi naungan 50% -75%, dan khususnya untuk bibit anakan asal persemaian pada medium tumbuhnya perlu dicampur dengan tanah humus yang berasal dari tanah pada daerah perakaran pohon induk eboni.
5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine regulates invasiveness and expression of integrins and matrix-degrading proteinases in a differentiated hamster melanoma cell (1993)

Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix play a critical role in regulating complex processes such as terminal differentiation and tumor progression. In these studies we describe a melanoma cell system that should be useful in addressing the regulation of cell-matrix interactions and the roles they play in regulating differentiation and cell invasiveness. CS (suspension)-1 melanoma cells are relatively well differentiated: they are melanotic, responsive to melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and express TA99, a melanosome membrane differentiation marker. Their repertoire of integrin receptors for extracellular matrix ligands is limited; in particular, they lack receptors for vitronectin, accounting for the observation that they are nonadherent when cultured in the presence of serum. CS-1 cells are noninvasive as well, and express low levels of both metalloproteinases and activated plasminogen activators. Treatment of these cells with melanocyte-stimulating hormone causes them to increase melanin production and assume an arborized phenotype, suggesting that it promotes their further differentiation. In contrast, treatment of CS-1 with the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine, converts them to a highly invasive cell population (termed BCS-1) that loses its differentiated properties and responsiveness to melanocyte-stimulating hormone, acquires a broad integrin repertoire (including vitronectin receptors), and expresses elevated levels of metalloproteinases and activated urokinase. From these observations and findings of others on BrdU treatment of other developmental lineages, we hypothesize that BrdU both suppresses differentiation and promotes invasiveness of CS-1 cells. The demonstrated manipulability of CS-1 cells should make them extremely useful for studying the regulation of both terminal differentiation and tumor progression in the melanocyte lineage.
A Unified Analytical Modeling of the Interleaved Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) DC–DC Converter and Its Applications (2013)

This paper proposes a general methodology to analyze the interleaved pulse width modulation (PWM) dc–dc converter. A unified and simple model is constructed and the complete electrical behaviors of the interleaved PWM dc–dc converter could be predicted. Features of the interleaved PWM dc–dc converter are investigated based on this model. Insightful conclusions are derived and can be used to guide designs. This model could serve as a solid foundation for further research, and it is valid to all the common interleaved PWM dc–dc topologies. As an example of its applications, the input current of the interleaved boost converter is investigated in detail. Simulation and experimental results have successfully validated against theoretical analysis.
xi yang man bu (2004)

一弯弯的月,吻向晚霞流馨的大地。夕阳搂着清丽的宫、商、角、徵、羽,踩过千山和万水,归宿在红菱斗艳的鲜嫩的江南。那根植于山火、爆芽于民歌的村庄,随着三山五岳隆起的节奏移动刚健的步伐,洁净丰盈的莲湖绣出童话的隽永。山、水、树、莲、村庄,梦于一色。今夜,我是吻向晚霞的新月。
Introduction (2012)

In the medieval world picture the stars were regarded as points of light attached to a sphere, whose surface was a long way outside the Solar System but whose volume was thought to be very much smaller than the space which we now know the stars to occupy. Attempts had indeed been made to determine the distance to the stellar sphere based on the possibility that stars might appear to be in different directions when observed from two points on the Earth's surface (fig. 1). Although this method worked for the Sun and Moon and other objects in the Solar System, it failed for the stars, indicating that they were very distant. After the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries, culminating in Newton's explanation of the motion of the planets in terms of a universal law of gravitation, it was realised that the stars were probably also suns or equivalently that the Sun was but one star amongst many and that the fixed stars should, in fact, be moving through space and should be influenced by the same law of gravitation. This led to a renewed interest in trying to determine not only their positions but also their motions.
Glucose-dependent, cAMP-mediated ATP efflux from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

Extracellular ATP plays an important role in the physiology of multicellular organisms; however, it is unknown whether unicellular organisms such as yeast also release ATP extracellularly. Experiments are described here which show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae releases ATP to the extracellular fluid. This efflux required glucose and the rate was increased dramatically by the proton ionophores nigericin, monensin, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone; ATP efflux was also increased by the plasma membrane proton pump inhibitor diethylstilbestrol. The increase in the concentration of extracellular ATP was not due to cell lysis or general disruption of plasma membrane integrity as measured by colony-forming and methylene-blue-staining assays. ATP efflux was strictly correlated with a rise in intracellular cAMP; therefore, the cAMP pathway is likely to be involved in triggering ATP efflux. These results demonstrate that yeast cells release ATP in a regulated manner.