gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fixed charge problem (1968)

Abstract A fundamental unsolved problem in the programming area is one in which various activities have fixed charges (e.g., set‐up time charges) if operating at a positive level. Properties of a general solution to this type problem are discussed in this paper. Under special circumstances it is shown that a fixed charge problem can be reduced to an ordinary linear programming problem.
Detection and Partial Characterization of Human T and B Lymphocyte Membrane Antigens with Antisera to HSB and SB Cell Lines (1978)

Abstract Antisera were produced in rabbits and monkeys by immunization with either HSB (T cell) or SB (B cell) lymphoblastoid cell lines. With a C-dependent microcytotoxicity assay, appropriately absorbed antisera to HSB were strongly reactive with human thymocytes, T lymphoblastoid cell lines, and some acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (&gt;90% lysis). Approximately 75% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were lysed by the antisera. Reactivity was at background level when monocytes and cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and most acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) were tested against the antisera. Further absorption of anti-HSB sera with CML cells or platelets did not remove serologic reactivity, whereas absorption with thymus, PBL, or concanavalin A- (Con A) stimulated PBL removed reactivity against all cells tested. Antisera produced to SB and absorbed with HSB were strongly reactive with B cell lines, CLL cells, tonsil, adenoid, enriched B cell preparations from normal PBL, and cells from most AML and AMML patients. Additional absorption of anti-SB sera with thymus, CML cells, or platelets did not remove reactivity. Anti-SB sera that were additionally absorbed with CLL cells were negative against all cells tested. Sodium deoxycholate- (DOC) solubilized membrane preparations from a variety of cells were labeled with 125I and subjected to radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) techniques. Unlabeled DOC-solubilized membrane antigens of HSB were able to inhibit the cytotoxic reaction of antisera to HSB with PBL and thymocytes. The reactivity of SB antisera with CLL target cells was not affected by the solubilized HSB antigens. Unlabeled DOC solubilized membrane preparations from HSB, PBL, and thymocytes were able to block the RIP activity of anti-HSB sera. One major peak of radioactivity (m.w. approximately 150,000 daltons) was consistently observed during PAGE of reduced immunoprecipitates of either monkey or rabbit anti-HSB sera and labeled surface antigens from HSB, PBL, or thymus. Treatment of the immunoprecipitates with additional 2-mercaptoethanol or reduction with dithiothreitol failed to alter the observed m.w. of the antigen. No significant peaks were observed in PAGE when the same antigens were precipitated with either normal sera of antisera to SB. PAGE of reduced immunoprecipitates of absorbed anti-SB sera and labeled SB membranes revealed two peaks of radioactivity, corresponding to m.w. of 38,000 and 30,000 daltons. When labeled membrane preparations from SB, K562, or CLL cells were precipitated with absorbed antisera to HSB, no significant peaks were observed.
Alkaloids of <i>Lycopodium</i><i>selago</i>. On the identity of selagine with huperzine A and the structure of a related alkaloid (1989)

Selagine, an alkaloid of Lycopodiumselago, is shown to be identical with huperzine A (2). A minor alkaloid, C 15 H 18 N 2 O 2 , isolated from L. selago is found to be 6β-hydroxyhuperzine A (4). Keywords: huperzine A, selagine, Lycopodium alkaloids, Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholine esterase inhibitor.
Tongue coating and tongue brushing: a literature review (2003)

The present paper reviews the role of the tongue as a habitat for oral microorganisms and the potential need for tongue cleaning as part of daily oral hygiene. In addition tongue coating is described. Many microorganisms have been found colonizing the dorsum of the tongue. Some studies find a positive effect to tongue brushing on bacterial counts on the tongue. On the other hand there are also studies that do not find any differences in bacterial counts before or after tongue brushing. Bacteria colonizing the tongue and periodontal pockets play an important role in the production of volatile sulphur compounds in periodontal health and disease. These compounds can be the cause of oral malodour. The amount of tongue coating in patients complaining of halitosis was significantly greater than in patients without halitosis. Tongue brushing on a regular basis, particular aiming at removing the coating on the dorsum of the tongue, has been found to be fruitful in reducing oral malodour. Studies investigating the role of tongue brushing and plaque accumulation or gingival inflammation show conflicting results. It is clear that the tongue forms the largest niche for microorganims in the oral cavity. However, on the basis of literature, there appears to be no data to justify the necessity to clean the tongue on a regular basis. One exception would be oral malodour.
Patterns of membrane TcR alpha beta and TcR gamma delta chain expression by normal blood CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+, CD4-CD8dim+ and CD4-CD8- lymphocytes. (1990)

Enriched CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8-, CD4-CD8+/CD4-CD8- and CD4-CD8- cell suspensions were prepared from normal peripheral blood by selective immunomagnetic depletion of monoclonal antibody-defined lymphocyte populations. Subsequent examination of these modified cell fractions by two-colour flow cytometry provided a means of determining the expression of membrane T-cell receptor (TcR)alpha beta and TcR gamma delta chains by both major (CD4+ and CD8+) and minor (CD3+CD4-CD8dim+ and CD3+CD4-CD8-) lymphocyte subpopulations. Normal CD4+CD8- lymphocytes were almost invariably (greater than 99%) TcR alpha beta+, whereas lymphocytes expressing membrane CD8, which could be further subdivided according to differences in fluorescent staining intensity into CD3+CD4-CD8+, CD3+CD4-CD8dim+ and CD3-CD4-CD8dim+ components, were characterized by distinct differences in patterns of TcR chain expression. In contrast to CD3+CD4-CD8+ cells, which were predominantly (99%) TcR alpha beta+, CD3+CD4-CD8dim+ lymphocytes showed a significant proportion (33%) of TcR gamma delta+ cells (natural killer-associated CD3-CD4-CD8dim+ cells were uniformly TcR-). The highest proportion (62%) of TcR gamma delta+ cells was associated with the CD3+CD4-CD8- fraction, but these studies also revealed that a significant minority of this population was TcR alpha beta+. Despite some evidence for normal inter-individual variation, further analysis of membrane CD8 fluorescent intensities confirmed clear differential relationships for TcR alpha beta and TcR gamma delta chain expression.
Setup Optimization in High-Mix Surface Mount PCB Assembly (2008)

Siirretty Doriasta
Inhibition of pancreatic cancer and potentiation of gemcitabine effects by the extract of Pao Pereira (2013)

Lack of effective therapy is a major problem in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we investigated a natural product, the extract of Pao Pereira (Pao), for its anti-pancreatic cancer effect in vitro and in vivo, either alone or in combination with the first-line chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine (Gem). Pao induced dose-dependent apoptosis to all five tested pancreatic cancer cell lines. The combination of Pao and Gem had a synergistic effect in the inhibition of cell growth, with combination indices (CIs) <1 by Chou-Talalay's median effect analysis based on the isobologram principle. Adding Pao to Gem treatment reduced the concentration of Gem to produce an equitoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells. In an orthotopic pancreatic xenograft mouse model, mice bearing PACN-1 tumors were treated with Pao and Gem, either alone or in combination. The progression of tumors was monitored longitudinally by imaging of live animals. While Gem did not provide significant inhibition, Pao treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth by 70-72%. Combined Pao and Gem treatment further enhanced the tumor inhibitory effect compared to Gem alone, and markedly reduced metastatic lesions in the peritoneum. Collectively, these data suggest that the extract of Pao possesses anti-pancreatic cancer activity and can enhance the effects of Gem in vitro and in vivo.
Dependence of resonant coupling between surface plasmons and an InGaN quantum well on metallic structure (2006)

The authors demonstrate the metallic-structure dependent surface plasmon (SP) coupling behaviors with a blue-emitting InGaN∕GaN quantum well (QW), which is 10nm away from the metallic structures. The SP-QW coupling behaviors in the areas of semiconductor surface coated with silver thin film and silver nanoparticles are compared. It is found that both the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the reduction of time-resolved PL (TRPL) decay time strongly depend on the metallic morphology. A phenomenological model of carrier relaxation in the SP-QW coupling process is built to fit the TRPL decay profiles for calibrating the reasonable decay time constants of carrier and SP.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis (2010)

The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.
An SFFS technique for EEG feature classification to identify sub-groups (2012)

Pattern recognition techniques can be applied to problems in medicine to aid diagnostic accuracy and uncover patterns associated with disease states that are not always obvious to the clinician. In this work, a sequential forward floating search technique (SFFS) was applied to the problem of classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal controls. The technique resulted in superior classification rates over statistical methods, as described in the paper. The advantage of SFFS may lie in the technique's ability to identify subgroups within diagnostic categories, and to correctly select features that identify those sub-groups.
Measuring and analyzing search-redirection attacks in the illicit online prescription drug trade (2011)

We investigate the manipulation of web search results to promote the unauthorized sale of prescription drugs. We focus on search-redirection attacks, where miscreants compromise high-ranking websites and dynamically redirect traffic to different pharmacies based upon the particular search terms issued by the consumer. We constructed a representative list of 218 drug-related queries and automatically gathered the search results on a daily basis over nine months in 2010-2011. We find that about one third of all search results are one of over 7 000 infected hosts triggered to redirect to a few hundred pharmacy websites. Legitimate pharmacies and health resources have been largely crowded out by search-redirection attacks and blog spam. Infections persist longest on websites with high PageRank and from.edu domains. 96 % of infected domains are connected through traffic redirection chains, and network analysis reveals that a few concentrated communities link many otherwise disparate pharmacies together. We calculate that the conversion rate of web searches into sales lies between 0.3 % and 3%, and that more illegal drugs sales are facilitated by search-redirection attacks than by email spam. Finally, we observe that concentration in both the source infections and redirectors presents an opportunity for defenders to disrupt online pharmacy sales. 1 Introduction and
An Improved PID Algorithm Based on Insulin-on-Board Estimate for Blood Glucose Control with Type 1 Diabetes (2015)

Automated closed-loop insulin infusion therapy has been studied for many years. In closed-loop system, the control algorithm is the key technique of precise insulin infusion. The control algorithm needs to be designed and validated. In this paper, an improved PID algorithm based on insulin-on-board estimate is proposed and computer simulations are done using a combinational mathematical model of the dynamics of blood glucose-insulin regulation in the blood system. The simulation results demonstrate that the improved PID algorithm can perform well in different carbohydrate ingestion and different insulin sensitivity situations. Compared with the traditional PID algorithm, the control performance is improved obviously and hypoglycemia can be avoided. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, in silico testing is done using the UVa/Padova virtual patient software.
Modeling the user interface (1993)

The application of an object-oriented approach to modeling the application and presentation layer of the human-machine interfaces in a telecommunications management network architecture is described. It is argued that a significant simplification in information interchange between human and machine occurs when the machine has a model of the user to which it can conform. Several aspects of user modeling are discussed. The development and implementation of new input devices are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of<i>in vivo</i>administration of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody and IL-12 on the induction of low-dose oral tolerance (2002)

Oral tolerance has been characterized as an immunological hyporesponsiveness to fed antigen. Previous studies have suggested that high-dose oral tolerance involves the preferential interaction of B7 with CTLA-4 on the T cell. To determine whether similar mechanisms are involved in the induction of low-dose oral tolerance, mice were treated with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), with or without IL-12, at the time of feeding. Results showed that anti-CTLA-4 MoAb alone failed to restore cellular proliferation, antibody titres and IFN-gamma levels; however, IL-4 cytokine levels in OVA-fed mice were partially restored. In contrast, administration of IL-12 along with anti-CTLA-4 MoAb to mice during feeding completely prevented the suppression of Th1 immune responses, as shown by increased serum IgG2a titres, IFN-gamma production and cell proliferation. These results suggest that blocking B7-CTLA-4 interactions in the presence of IL-12 prevents the induction of low-dose oral tolerance at the Th1 cell level.
Microbial spoilage of potato top pies : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North (1986)

The microbial spoilage of Potato Top pies was investigated to try to provide a view of the events taking place during the spoilage process which renders these pies unsuitable for public consumption.\tPies used in this study were obtained from a commercial pie manufacturer and were stored at 4°c, 25c and 37°c, and the effects of storage at these temperatures studied.\tDuring the examination biochemical techniques were used in conjunction with microbiological methods.\n\nAspects gained from this study can be summarised as below:\n.\t\tMajor flora of all pie component parts (meat filling, pastry\tsurround, potato topping) of freshly cooked pies and of pies stored at the three temperatures consisted primarily of gram positive rods and cocci.\nThe origins of these organisms could be traced directly back to various stages of manufacture.\n. Within 24-36 hours of storage at 25deg c and 37°c numbers of gram positive organisms could reach above 107/gram of pie component.\n.\tNo obvious organoleptic spoilage took place.\nLack of off odours (NH 3; H2S);\tthe presence of amylase producing\nBacillaceae;\tpH decreases in spoiled pies - suggested that the\nutilisation of low molecular weight compounds (such as glucose) resulted in saccharolytic spoilage of the pies.\n. Bacterial numbers in the pies stored at 4°c did not rise above 105/gram within 28 days of storage.\n. Isolated dominant bacterial species were identified as Bacillus, ,, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus,with the Bacillus., species and Streptococcus species inhibiting the growth of the other organisms.
Saline-Cooled Versus Standard Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Infarct-Related Ventricular Tachycardias (2001)

Greater efficacy of cooled RF for terminating VT is consistent with the production of a larger lesion in human infarctions, which should facilitate successful ablation.
MVP: Model-View-Presenter The Taligent Programming Model for C++ and Java (1996)

Taligent, a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM, is developing a next generation programming model for the C++ and Java programming languages, called Model-View-Presenter or MVP, based on a generalization of the classic MVC programming model of Smalltalk. MVP provides a powerful yet easy to understand design methodology for a broad range of application and component development tasks. Taligent’s framework-based implementation of these concepts adds great value to developer programs that employ MVP. MVP also is adaptable across multiple client/server and multi-tier application architectures. MVP will enable IBM to deliver a unified conceptual programming model across all its major object-oriented language environments. Smalltalk Programming Model The most familiar example of a programming model is the Model-View-Controller (MVC) model 1 of Smalltalk developed at Xerox PARC in the late 1970’s. MVC is the fundamental design pattern used in Smalltalk for implementing graphical user interface (GUI) objects, and it has been reused and adopted to varying degrees in most other GUI class libraries and application frameworks since. Controller data
Rapid Radioimmunoassay of Triiodothyronine (1973)

Abstract The method used in this report is based on the immunological production of a specific antisera to triiodothyronine (T3) in rabbits. Conducted at 4 °C, the radioimmunoassay requires three to five days to complete. Hoping to speed this assay, we investigated the influence of time, temperature, and pH. Incubation at 37 °C and pH 8.0 for 30 min did not deleteriously affect either precision, specificity, reproducibility, or accuracy. Bound and unbound T3 were separated in 10 min by adding polyethylene glycol ("Carbowax 6000") at 0-4 °C. T3 was prevented from binding to thyroxine-binding globulin by the addition of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid. To minimize the differences in protein concentration between standards and unknowns, we added T3-free serum to all standards. Thus, a simplified and convenient method is described for measurement of T3 that is suitable for clinical use because it is simpler and faster than previously reported methods.
SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY AND NATURE OF ACTION OF BARLEY β-GLUCAN SOLUBILASE* (1989)

Barley β/glucan solubilase was shown to be active, to differing extends, towards hot water (65°C) soluble β-glucan, CM-cellulose and cellodextrins (DP 2–8). However, the enzyme did not affect the viscosity of CM-pachyman or appear to solubilise cotton cellulose. When β/glucan was treated with lichenase a mixture of small molecular weight products was obtained including a DP 9 dextrin. This dextrin was not obtained when the β-glucan was treated with β-glucan solubilase prior to hydrolysis by lichenase. It has been concluded, therefore, that this β-glucan solubilase is an endo-type glucanase, which appears to attack the small proportion of long blocks of (1→4)-β-linked glucosyl residues reputed to be present in barley β-glucan.
Finite source modelling of magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California (2001)

We investigate surface deformation associated with currently active crustal magma bodies in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California, USA. We invert available geodetic data from these locations to constrain the overall geometry and dynamics of the inferred deformation sources at depth. Our best-fitting model for the Socorro magma body is a sill with a depth of 19 km, an effective diameter of 70 km and a rate of increase in the excess magma pressure of 0.6 kPa yr^(−1). We show that the corresponding volumetric inflation rate is ∼6×10^(−3) km^3 yr^(−1), which is considerably less than previously suggested. The measured inflation rate of the Socorro magma body may result from a steady influx of magma from a deep source, or a volume increase associated with melting of the magma chamber roof (i.e. crustal anatexis). In the latter case, the most recent major injection of mantle-derived melts into the middle crust beneath Socorro may have occurred within the last several tens to several hundreds of years. The Synthetic Interferometric Aperture Radar (InSAR) data collected in the area of the Long Valley caldera, CA, between June 1996 and July 1998 reveal an intracaldera uplift with a maximum amplitude of ∼11 cm and a volume of 3.5×10^(−2) km^3. Modelling of the InSAR data suggests that the observed deformation might be due to either a sill-like magma body at a depth of ∼12 km or a pluton-like magma body at a depth of ∼8 km beneath the resurgent dome. Assuming that the caldera fill deforms as an isotropic linear elastic solid, a joint inversion of the InSAR data and two-colour laser geodimeter data (which provide independent constraints on horizontal displacements at the surface) suggests that the inferred magma chamber is a steeply dipping prolate spheroid with a depth of 7–9 km and an aspect ratio in excess of 2:1. Our results highlight the need for large radar look angles and multiple look directions in future InSAR missions.
Impact of dry eye disease and treatment on quality of life (2010)

Because there is a lack of concordance between symptoms and diagnostic measures of DED, QoL measures provide clinicians a valuable tool for assessing the burden of disease as well as response to treatment. Such measures should be employed in clinical practice and in future trials of treatment modalities.
Application of radio frequency identification devices to support navigation of autonomous mobile robots (2002)

Autonomous mobile robots are expected to be a solution for a vast of applications in service and industry applications. However, a great and still unsolved problem for most environments and applications is the robust and cheap positioning, i.e. the determination of the robot's current position. A navigation system is presented, that is based on the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) as artificial landmark system. In combination with the presented behavior based control architecture this system enables the robot to reach any reachable landmark in its environment through a topological robot positioning approach. A technique called re-classification (which depends on the special features and advantages of RFID systems) is presented that makes it possible to determine the robot's exact global position in presence of a landmark. Based on this accurate position (i.e. its coordinates) the robot can reach an arbitrary goal specified by coordinates even if it is not marked with a RFID landmark.