gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Current Nanotube Transistors (2004)

Planar field effect transistors (FET) consisting of a large number of parallel single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been fabricated that allow very high on-currents of the order of several milliamperes and on/off ratios exceeding 500. With these devices it is demonstrated, for the first time, that SWCNTs can be used as transistors to control macroscopic devices, e.g., light emitting diodes and electromotors. Those transistors were fabricated by a very simple process that is based on the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) growth of SWCNTs at low temperatures, a single lithographic step to define the source and drain contacts, and a bias pulse to eliminate the metallic SWCNTs.
Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Boiler Thermodynamics, Economics and Evaluation (1969)

A 10,000 kw gas turbine operating open exhaust burning gas worth 30 cents per mcf will reject heat worth $25 per hour. If the gas turbine is operated more than a few hours per year, this heat will be recovered, usually in a heat recovey boiler. It is fair to say that without heat recovery systems, base loaded gas turbines would not be practical in normal industry.
Antibodies against micro- and intermediate filaments in carditis and dilated cardiomyopathy--are they a diagnostic marker? (1987)

Journal Article Antibodies against micro- and intermediate filaments in carditis and dilated cardiomyopathy—are they a diagnostic marker? Get access U. Obermayer, U. Obermayer University Hospital of Internal MedicineD-8700 Würzburg, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Scheidler, J. Scheidler University Hospital of Internal MedicineD-8700 Würzburg, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Maisch B. Maisch University Hospital of Internal MedicineD-8700 Würzburg, F.R.G. Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr Bernhard Maisch, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 2, D-8700 Würzburg, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 8, Issue suppl_J, November 1987, Pages 181–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_J.181 Published: 01 November 1987
The Vinylcarbene – Cyclopropene Equilibrium of Silicon: an Isolable Disilenyl Silylene (2013)

The Vinylcarbene – Cyclopropene Equilibrium of Silicon: an Isolable Disilenyl Silylene
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Arylboronic Acids into Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates: Convenient Precursors of Arylboron Difluoride Lewis Acids. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dysregulation of EMT Drives the Progression to Clinically Aggressive Sarcomatoid Bladder Cancer (2018)

SUMMARY The sarcomatoid variant of urothelial bladder cancer (SARC) displays a high propensity for distant metastasis and is associated with short survival. We report a comprehensive genomic analysis of 28 cases of SARCs and 84 cases of conventional urothelial carcinomas (UCs), with the TCGA cohort of 408 muscle-invasive bladder cancers serving as the reference. SARCs showed a distinct mutational landscape with enrichment of TP53, RB1, and PIK3CA mutations. They were related to the basal molecular subtype of conventional UCs and could be divided into epithelial/basal and more clinically aggressive mesenchymal subsets based on TP63 and its target genes expression levels. Other analyses revealed that SARCs are driven by downregulation of homotypic adherence genes and dysregulation of cell cycle and EMT networks, and nearly half exhibited a heavily infiltrated immune phenotype. Our observations have important implications for prognostication and the development of more effective therapies for this highly lethal variant of bladder cancer.
Laser-Doppler flowmetry in monitoring regulation of rapid microcirculatory changes in spinal cord (1992)

We established a rabbit model for continuous on-line monitoring of spinal cord microcirculation using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). We tested the suitability of this model for studying rapid, nonequilibrium microcirculatory blood flow (BF) states induced by pharmacological treatments, hemorrhage, and asphyxia. Effective BF regulation was observed at systemic arterial pressure levels of 50 mmHg. Autoregulatory vasodilation began 1 min after the onset of severe hypotension, whereas more immediate vasodilation took place after asphyxia (hypercarbia). Pathological situations were studied in a simple model of spinal cord (SC) ischemia-reperfusion after 10 (n = 7) and 25 min (n = 7) of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion. After 25 min of ischemia, delayed hypoperfusion (BF -35 +/- 7%, P less than 0.01) took place in association with tissue edema. LDF offered sensitive, stable, and reproducible estimates of microcirculation with high temporal resolution, thus permitting on-line evaluation of rapid, nonequilibrium BF responses and delayed states of spinal cord BF dysregulation.
EYEPORT VISION TRAINING SYSTEM To Enhance the Visual Performance of Police Recruits (2006)

This study utilized a small sample of police recruits to determine whether use of the EYEPORT™ vision training system improves their visual performance during job training. Nine visually normal recruits underwent EYEPORT™ training for a three-week period during which they completed various eye exercises. Visual attention span for objects, speed and span of perception, and marksmanship were assessed before and after EYEPORT
EPR and Density Functional Studies of Light-Induced Radical Pairs in a Single Crystal of a Hexaarylbiimidazolyl Derivative (2001)

Die intermolekulare Austauschkopplung 2J für das im Kristall von 2,2′-Di(o-chlorphenyl)-4,4′,5,5′-tetraphenylbiimidazol photochemisch gebildete Radikalpaar wurde mit Hilfe von Curie-Analysen der EPR-Intensitäten erstmals bestimmt. Die mit Dichtefunktionalmethoden berechnte Kopplungskonstante stimmt mit der experimentell bestimmten gut überein. Gezeigt ist die Spindichte-Verteilung des Radikalpaars.
The role of viruses in autoreactive B cell activation within tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases (2013)

TLS, characterized by the formation of ectopic B/T cell follicles with FDCs supporting an ectopic GC response, have been described in the target organs of several autoimmune diseases, including MS, RA, SS, and autoimmune thyroiditis. These structures represent functional niches, whereby autoreactive B cells undergo in situ affinity maturation and differentiation to autoantibody-producing cells, thus contributing to the progression and persistence of autoimmunity. Increasing evidence demonstrates that TLS can also develop in the context of cancer, as well as chronic infections. In this review, we collect recent evidences that highlights the relationship between persistent viral infection and the development of ectopic lymphoid structures in animal models and patients. Furthermore, we shall discuss the concept that whereas in physiological conditions, inducible TLS are critical for viral clearance and the establishment of protective immunity, but in the context of susceptible individuals, persistent viral infections may contribute, directly or indirectly, to the development of breach of tolerance against self-antigens and the development of autoimmunity through the formation of TLS.
Mass Measurements beyond the Major<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:math>-Process Waiting Point<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Zn</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>80</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math> (2008)

High-precision mass measurements on neutron-rich zinc isotopes (71m,72-81)Zn have been performed with the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP. For the first time, the mass of 81Zn has been experimentally determined. This makes 80Zn the first of the few major waiting points along the path of the astrophysical rapid neutron-capture process where neutron-separation energy and neutron-capture Q-value are determined experimentally. The astrophysical conditions required for this waiting point and its associated abundance signatures to occur in r-process models can now be mapped precisely. The measurements also confirm the robustness of the N=50 shell closure for Z=30.
What is the Evidence for Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients (2011)

Background TKA is commonly performed to treat advanced inflammatory and degenerative knee arthritis. With increasing use in younger patients, it is important to define the best practices to enhance clinical performance and implant longevity. Questions/purposes We systematically reviewed the literature to assess: (1) how TKAs perform in young patients; (2) whether the TKA is a durable procedure for young patients, and (3) what guidance the literature outlines for TKA in young patients. Methods We searched the literature between 1950 and 2009 for all studies reporting on TKAs for patients younger than 55 years that documented clinical and radiographic assessments with a minimum 2-year followup. Thirteen studies, reporting on 908 TKAs performed for 671 patients, met these criteria. Results Mean Knee Society clinical and functional scores increased by 47 and 37 points, respectively. Implant survivorship was reported between 90.6% and 99% during the first decade and between 85% and 96.5% during the second decade of followup. The literature does not direct specific techniques for TKA for young patients. Conclusions TKA provides surgeon-measured clinical and functional improvements with a moderate increase in second-decade implant failures. Improvements in study design and reporting will be beneficial to guide decisions regarding implant selection and surgical technique. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Present Worth of Service Cost for Consumer Product Warranty (1984)

Under a warranty service contract, the manufacturer of a consumer product agrees to repair and maintain the product over a certain stated period of time for a fee from the customer. The manufacturer offering such a service contract is faced with several policy design and planning decisions. Mathematical models of product failures and of future repair costs are basic to the formulation of these decision problems. We assume Weibull time-to-failure distribution for analytic amenability and reasonable realism A repair returns the product to the average condition for a working unit of its age (bad as old). Simple stochastic models of sequences of failures and their costs are developed. Expressions are obtained for the s-expectation of the present worth of the future repair costs.
Ejektorluftning av järnhaltigt grundvatten. Del 1. Teori och karaktärisering. (2004)

The purpose of ground water aeration is mainly to remove un-wanted gases and impurities as well as improve the oxidation of iron and manganese. A commercial ejector aerator was characterized in laboratory and field and the performance was compared in field studies with other aeration methods used in full scale in water-works. This evaluation was made by re-aeration of a stationary water volume. The results from the laboratory tests showed that the overall oxygen transfer efficiency decreases with increasing water flow, while the total oxygenation increases with flow. An increased flow will also increase the energy consumption. A significant aeration efficiency improvement will be obtained if the submergence depth is increased. This depth has no major effect on the pressure drop, which means that the submergence should be kept as deep as possible to achieve higher cost efficiency for the oxygenation.
Accelerated motion of a spherical particle (1952)

The force components on an oscillating sphere in a fluid medium were studied by experimental means. These force components on the oscillating sphere were separated into the inertial effective force and the dissipative (shear) force. In order to accomplish this experimental program, the writer assumed that the sphere motion was approximately simple harmonic motion, and he analyzed the data as if the motion were exactly simple harmonic motion. The experimental results were applied to an allied problem of a sphere in an oscillating fluid. The experimental results, as applied to this problem, were found to compare with the data of an experiment performed in Germany in about 1920. Extending the analysis further, the writer presents a simple analysis of the diffusion characteristics of suspended sediment in water.
November consultation #7 (2014)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: November 2014 - Volume 40 - Issue 11 - p 1934 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.09.010
Intersystem jamming of wireless communications based on UWB noise signals (2014)

Numerical simulation of UWB noise communications with spectrum spreading is performed. It is detected that the intersystem jamming appearing in result of code spectrum modulation. Noise performance of UWB communication system is investigated for a single-ray channel with additive Gaussian white noise. The new method of intersystem jamming reduction is proposed when nonmultiple time delays of noise informative signals are used.
The role of SNARE proteins in trafficking and function of Urea Transporter UT‐A1 (2007)

Trafficking of the urea transporter UT-A1 to the plasma membrane is key in vasopressin-regulated urea transport, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our experiments show UT-A1 involvement with several SNARE-mediated accessory proteins involved in orientation of proteins in the plasma membrane. One group of proteins involved in membrane orientation is the syntaxin family. We recently reported that snapin is important in the interaction of UT-A1 with syntaxin-4 and SNAP23 (t-SNARE). UT-A1-MDCK cells with adenoviral-mediated over-expression of both snapin and syntaxin-4, show that the association of UT-A1 with syntaxin-4 is enhanced snapin. Over-expression of syntaxin-4 alone showed minimal UT-A1/syntaxin-4 binding. Confocal microscopy of UT-A1 and snapin show colocalization in both cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Co-injection of UT-A1 with snapin cRNA (2 ug) in Xenopus oocytes increased urea influx. Co-injection of UT-A1 with t-SNARE without snapin, decreased urea influx. These results suggest that snapin promotes the initial docking of UT-A1 at the plasma membrane to form a SNARE complex. When we treated UT-A1-MDCK cells with vasopressin or forskolin, UT-A1 and snapin were redistributed to the plasma membrane. Collectively, our data support a role for a snapin syntaxin-4/SNAP23 mediated UT-A1 docking complex in vasopressin-regulated trafficking of UT-A1 in UT-A1-MDCK cells. In addition, we verified that the components of the snapin/t-SNARE/UT-A1 complex are present in rat inner medulla, suggesting that this mechanism may be physiologically important. Support: NIDDK and AHA
INDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE BY INTRACOELOMIC GRAFTS IN THE 4-DAY CHICK EMBRYO (1967)

1. In a series of experiments in which non-inbred material was used, 9 out of 80 skin grafts from a White Leghorn strain survived more than 20 days on Barred Rock χ Rhode Island Red hosts which had received intracoelomic grafts of spleen and thymus from older (14- to 21-day) embryos of the same donor strain. Hosts which had received intracoelomic grafts of pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4, limb buds and lens from 4-day embryos, or spleens from 7-, 8-, or 12-day embryos or lens tissue from 15-day embryos, rejected skin grafts from the same donor strain within 20 days. 2. When highly inbred material was used, tolerance was induced in Line 15 I χ 6 hosts by intracoelomic grafts of limb buds, liver, or pouches 3 and 4 from Line 7 embryos of 4 days. However, a significantly greater degree of tolerance was induced by spleen and thymus tissues from older 9- to 18-day embryos of the same donor strain. The possible impact of near-immunologically competent cells on host cells in the induction of tolerance was considered.
A non-stochastic iterative computational method to model light propagation in turbid media (2015)

Monte Carlo models are widely used to model light transport in turbid media, however their results implicitly contain stochastic variations. These fluctuations are not ideal, especially for inverse problems where Jacobian matrix errors can lead to large uncertainties upon matrix inversion. Yet Monte Carlo approaches are more computationally favorable than solving the full Radiative Transport Equation. Here, a non-stochastic computational method of estimating fluence distributions in turbid media is proposed, which is called the Non-Stochastic Propagation by Iterative Radiance Evaluation method (NSPIRE). Rather than using stochastic means to determine a random walk for each photon packet, the propagation of light from any element to all other elements in a grid is modelled simultaneously. For locally homogeneous anisotropic turbid media, the matrices used to represent scattering and projection are shown to be block Toeplitz, which leads to computational simplifications via convolution operators. To evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm, 2D simulations were done and compared against Monte Carlo models for the cases of an isotropic point source and a pencil beam incident on a semi-infinite turbid medium. The model was shown to have a mean percent error less than 2%. The algorithm represents a new paradigm in radiative transport modelling and may offer a non-stochastic alternative to modeling light transport in anisotropic scattering media for applications where the diffusion approximation is insufficient.
Stage III breast cancer: Is neoadjuvant chemotherapy always necessary? (1992)

Optimal management of locally advanced breast cancer is controversial. Claims of superiority for neoadjuvant systemic therapy are based on comparisons with outdated historical control groups who received no chemotherapy. Between 1978 and 1987, 118 patients with locally advanced breast cancer underwent treatment and follow-up at the Medical College of Virginia. Median follow-up was 44 months (range 3-119 months). Actuarial 5-year survival for the entire group was 54%. This compares favorably with recent series using neoadjuvant chemotherapy in which 5-year survival rates of 40-65% have been reported. Primary tumor size larger than 9 cm, metastases to more than 50% of regional lymph nodes, and the presence of inflammatory disease were significant prognostic indicators. This series represents a contemporary control group of patients with locally advanced breast cancer in whom conventionally accepted guidelines for local and postoperative systemic adjuvant therapy were used. Until the optimal sequence of therapy is determined by prospective randomized trials, series such as this may serve as more appropriate controls to which the results of new therapies could be compared.
Transmitter design in partially coherent multiple antenna systems (2005)

In this paper, we study the effect of channel estimation error on transmitter design in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel. We assume that only knowledge of either the channel correlation or mean is available at the transmitter and find the transmitting strategy. Under covariance feedback, at the transmitter the channel is modelled as a matrix of zero mean circularly symmetric complex Gaussian (ZMCSCG) random variables with known covariances. We assume that only rows of channel matrix are correlated. Under mean feedback the covariance of channel is modelled as white. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a unit rank input covariance matrix, i.e. eigen-beamforming, can achieve capacity lower bound. Numerical simulations are conducted to corroborate theoretical results.
P4‐072: Selenium levels and cognitive decline in a rural elderly Chinese cohort (2008)

Selenium is a trace element associated with antioxidant activity and is considered to be a protective agent against cognitive decline through the maintenance of better enzyme activities. A baseline survey of 2000 rural Chinese age 65 and over from two provinces in China was conducted from December 2003 to May 2005 using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID), CERAD Word List Learning test, a IU Story Recall test, Animal Fluency test, and IU Token test. The overwhelming majority (92.5%) of study participants were born in the same county where they currently reside and have lived there throughout their entire life. Nail samples were collected and analyzed for selenium contents. Blood samples were collected using filter cards to determine genotype for Apolipoprotein E (APOE). In addition, Body Mass Index (BMI) using weight and height measures obtained at the baseline evaluation was obtained. A follow-up evaluation using the same cognitive instruments was conducted two and half years after baseline with 1735 subjects participating in the follow-up evaluation. Analysis of covariance models were used to estimate the association between quintile selenium levels measured in nail samples and decline measured in each cognitive instrument adjusting for age, gender, education, APOE status, history of stroke and baseline BMI. Lower quintile selenium levels measured in nail samples were significantly associated with greater decline on the IU Story Recall score (p< 0.0001) and the CERAD Word List Recall score (p=0.0029). A marginally significant association was seen for the CERAD Word Learning score (p=0.0579). No significant association was found between selenium quintiles and decline on the CSID score (p=0.4562), the Animal Fluency score (p=0.4395) and the IU Token Test (p=0.4459). Our results offer some support to the hypothesis that low selenium level is associated with greater cognitive decline. However, our observed associations seem limited primarily to memory decline. Longer follow-up period is needed to examine selenium's effect on long-term cognitive decline.
Physis : receuil d'histoire naturelle / par m. James Thomson ... (1867)

1860 (beginning after page 208)
High-precision measurements of reflectance (2006)

The reflector’s specifications of amplifying section of LMJ need to have spectral reflectance measurements more accurate than 0.5 %. The innovative solution proposes to increase the precision of reflectance measurements.
Reactivity of Vanadocene with a Nitrile bCtN Bond Activated by a Tris(fluorophenyl)borane as Lewis Acid: Formation of Borane Adducts of Vanada(IV)azirine Complexes—EPR Evidence for an Intramolecular CbF⋅⋅⋅V Interaction (2002)

Reaction of vanadocene [V(Cp)2] with "activated" nitrile R1CN.L (L: Lewis acid), obtained by the reaction of borane adducts (L = BR3; R = C6F5, 2,6-F2C6H3, 3,4,5-F3C6H2) with nitriles (CH3CN, F3CC6H4CN), yields the borane adduct of vanada(IV)azirine complexes [V(Cp)2(eta 2-R1C = N.L)]. EPR studies of a fluid solution were conducted on these complexes. A doublet of octets due to the coupling of one unpaired electron of the vanadium with the 51V (I = 7/2) nucleus and to an additional hyperfine coupling to the ortho-F atom borne by the phenyl ring of the borane was elucidated by means of the different Lewis acids used in this work. This EPR behaviour gives evidence for the presence of a C-F...V interaction in a fluid solution with L = B(C6F5)3 and B(2,6-F2C6H3)3. In contrast, the expected eight line EPR pattern is observed with L = B(3,4,5-F3C6H2)3, in which no ortho-F atoms are present in the phenyl ring. A model can be drawn to take into account this flexibility and V...F distances between V and ortho-F atoms are in the expected range for such an interaction.