gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembled Hexasaccharides:  Surface Characterization of Thiol-Terminated Sugars Adsorbed on a Gold Surface (1996)

A thiol-terminated hexasaccharide, protected with acetyl groups (AHS) was synthesized for the purpose of depositing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) from solution onto gold surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (iToF-SIMS) were used to determine coverage, homogeneity, chemical composition, film thicknesses, and kinetics of film growth. Deprotection of the molecules, i.e. replacing acetoxy groups by hydroxyl groups, was performed following adsorption of AHS onto the surface, as well as prior to adsorption from solution. The chemical composition of the resulting films, the film thickness, the density of molecules, and the nature of the surface functional groups were determined. Adsorption of the deprotected molecules (DHS) from solution was found to lead to a higher density of adsorbed species.
Variation in the Molecular Weight Distribution of Rubber from Cultivated Guayule (1988)

Abstract The molecular weight (MW) and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of natural rubber (NR) are directly related to rubber quality. Although over 2000 species of plants are capable of producing rubber, only about a dozen are recognized as producing sufficient quantities of high quality, high MW rubber necessary for commercial use. Guayule, Pathenium argentatum Gray, can synthesize high MW rubber similar to Hevea and is actively being developed as a new source of NR for the arid regions of the world especially in the United States. Rubber of MW 10 5 or less is considered unsuitable for much commercial use. Unfortunately, most of the 2000 rubber synthesizing species are believed to produce rubber with a MW of approximately 5×10 4 and a unimodal MWD 4 . The MWD of Hevea , however, has a bimodal distribution exhibiting two MW peaks. The major peak exists at a MW of about 7×10 5 and extends to 10 6 and beyond. A minor peak or flattened shoulder is also frequently present which corresponds to a MW of 5×10 4 . This bimodal MWD nearly always exists for Hevea , but the amplitude of the two peaks may vary due to variety, age, and tapping frequency. Such variation in the MWD can lead to differences in the average MW. In rubber obtained from native stands of guayule, reports indicate the existence of only a unimodal MWD. Little is known about the environmental or genetic factors influencing rubber MW in stands of cultivated guayule. Since general husbandry and genetic variation seem to affect Hevea rubber, it is not unreasonable to suggest that differences may also appear in guayule, as other work implied.
Traveling to Rome (2009)

Starting in 1994/5, the Storage Systems Program at HP Labs embarked on a decade-long journey to automate the management of enterprise storage systems by means of a technique we initially called attribute-managed storage. The key idea was to provide declarative specifications of workloads and their needs, and of storage devices and their capabilities, and to automate the mapping of one to the other. One of many outcomes of the project was a specification language we called Rome 1 -- hence the title of this paper, which offers a short retrospective on the approach and some of the lessons we learned along the way.
Wideband optical elastography of<i>in vivo</i>human skin using geometrically focused surface waves (2014)

Viscoelastic models are fit to shear moduli derived from geometrically focused surface waves (GFS) on human skin using viscoelastic wave theory. Unlike in previous studies on the analytical solution and experimental measurement of radially outward traveling surface waves, measurable radially inward traveling GFS waves can be generated over a wider range of frequencies as attenuation is countered by the converging nature of the wavefront. This enables a more accurate and broader assessment of both the shear storage and loss moduli of the material, which are expected to vary with frequency. In the present study, GFS waves are applied to human skin on the posterior side of the forearm using a scanning LASER Doppler vibrometer. Surface wave measurements can then be used to estimate the complex frequency dependent viscoelastic properties of biological tissue, which are affected by numerous pathologies. Using a phantom gel this technique was validated through comparison with other studies. It was found that spring-pot and fractional Voigt models yield a potentially stable model parameter for skin, but more study is needed to confirm. [Work supported by NIH: Grant # EB012142.]
The Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Halogen Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Halogen Compounds1Richard Baltzly and Arthur P. PhillipsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 2, 261–265Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01206a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01206a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views519Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulating transcription: a chemical perspective (2003)

Many human diseases are characterized by altered gene expression patterns caused by malfunctioning transcriptional regulators. This has spurred new efforts in the development of artificial transcription factors that regulate the expression of specific genes either positively or negatively. Despite impressive advances in the last decade, artificial transcription factors that reconstitute all of the functions of natural regulators are not yet a reality. Such factors will be powerful chemical tools for unraveling the mechanisms by which gene expression is regulated and in the long term offer considerable therapeutic potential.
Late Cenozoic basin development of the Yuda Basin in the axial part of the Ou Backbone Range, northeast Japan. (2000)

奥羽山脈中軸に位置する湯田盆地の層序学的・年代学的検討から, 盆地内の大石層, 小繋沢層, 黒沢層および花山層は中期中新世～鮮新世(16-3 Ma)にわたるほぼ連続した地層で, 12-9 Maに顕著な年代のギャップが存在することが明らかになった.花山層は堆積相と化石から, 浅海～河川で形成された高周波シーケンスから構成され, この盆地が前期鮮新世まで日本海とつながっていたことが判明した.盆地の沈降曲線などから, この付近の奥羽山脈は中期中新世前期の急速な沈降後, 1)12-9 Maに起こった一時的・急速な隆起と和賀山地の陸化, 2)6.5-3 Maの隆起域と沈降域の分化, 3)3 Ma以降の逆断層の活動による脊梁全体の隆起と傾斜不整合の形成の3段階の隆起を経てきたことがわかった.和賀山地と真昼山地は異なった隆起と侵食の歴史を経てきた山地で, それが現在見られる地形と構造の違いを生んだと考えられる.
A GENERALIZED SHARROCK MODEL FOR PERPENDICULAR MEDIA (2004)

The performance of a perpendicular magnetic recording [I] system is governed by the interplay of demagnetization effects and intergranular exchange as well as the width of the volume and anisotropy distributions in the media. The ability to ascertain the size of these interactions from an understanding of coercivity experiments is thus of crucial importance to the rapid development of improved perpendicular media. In the present paper we develop a generalized form of the Sharrock [2] equation which accounts for demagnetization effects in both remanence and time-dependent coercivity experiments [3]. We show that the inclusion of a demagnetization field leads to an apparent time dependence and rescaling of the attempt frequency, fo. We examine this problem using a solvable model with a mean-field effective demagnetization field. In the case of a dynamic coercivity experiment, the following expression emerges, H, = H, { I-[(l/P)ln(fo (l/R)/ (-d{ln(u)}/dH))] }, where u=(M+l)/Z and Traditionally, M-H loops are characterized by the Sharrock equation which emerges from a first order Arrhenius-Nee1 rate equation, dM/dt = -KM. The rate constant K is taken to be of the form K = f, exp( -(K,V/kT)(I-IIa/Ho)C ). We make use of the fact that the applied field is independent of M and time, then we integrate the rate expression. First, dM/M = -Kdt and upon integratio? we obtain M(t) = M(o) exp(-Kt). Setting M(t)/M(o)=l/Z and then solving for Ha leads to the Sharrock expression. Hc = Ho { l-[(l/P)ln(fo t I ln(2))I I 1 /c W
An Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Naphthylbis(oxazoline) and Exploration of the Scope in Asymmetric Catalysis (2002)

Abstract Both enantiomers of 1‐naphthylglycine were obtained in 99% ee by enzymatic resolution of the corresponding racemic amino acid amide, giving access to the novel ligands ( R )‐ and ( S )‐naphthylbis(oxazoline). Initial studies provided insight into the scope and limitations of the ( S )‐naphthyl‐substituted bis(oxazoline) and its steric influence compared to other bis(oxazolines) in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Structures de données irrégulières et architectures haute performance : une étude du calcul numérique intensif par le partitionnement de graphes (1997)

Les besoins en ressources informatiques des calculs numeriques intensifs constituent l'un des problemes concrets les plus delicats a gerer, notamment pour la resolution de systemes lineaires creux issus de modeles en elements finis. Dans un premier temps, nous unifions et completons differents resultats reliant le calcul numerique haute-performance distribue au partitionnement de graphes. Sont etudiees la complexite de la resolution iterative d'un systeme lineaire creux dans le cadre du calcul parallele distribue, la complexite de la resolution directe d'un systeme lineaire creux pour un calcul sequentiel, l'optimisation de la gestion de la memoire dans un contexte de memoire hierarchique pour un calcul quelconque. Ainsi, la gestion quasi-optimale des ressources en temps (complexite du calcul) et en espace (memoire) se ramene au probleme de partitionnement des graphes. Nous nous penchons ensuite sur un modele classique de structures de donnees regulieres, les grilles rectangulaires multidimensionnelles, pour en extraire les proprietes du partitionnement optimal. Nous trouvons une inegalite isoperimetrique par aretes, qui donne une forte intuition sur la nature des decoupages optimaux, notamment pour les dimensions superieures ou egales a trois. Enfin, nous tirons parti de cette intuition pour forcer l'obtention de decoupages proches de cette forme generale pour les maillages elements finis en dimension trois (structures de donnees irregulieres). Nous proposons un algorithme qui, est partir du maillage de surface d'un domaine (decrit par une liste de points et de facettes), construit un separateur decoupant le domaine en deux sous-domaines. Ceux-ci peuvent, a leur tour, etre decrits et decoupes. Sa mise en oeuvre est experimentee sur de nombreux exemples, et a pu etre integree a un solveur industriel de mecanique des fluides ; elle reduit drastiquement les ressources necessaires a la generation des grands maillages
A coordinate descent algorithm for multichannel multiuser detection in underwater acoustic DS-CDMA systems (2005)

Direct Sequence (DS) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is considered for a network of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) communicating through a Base Station (BS) equipped with a receive array. A multiuser detection algorithm, based on the Cyclic Coordinate Descent (CCD) approach is proposed for this situation. The CCD technique is used to circumvent the complexity of the optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. The proposed algorithm is based on joint data detection and channel estimation using Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) as the overall optimization criterion. It is implemented in a multichannel configuration to exploit the array processing gain available at the BS. The complexity of the proposed CCD detector does not depend on the modulation level and is linear in the size of the receive array. The CCD detector has been tested using real data, recorded from four users transmitting asynchronously over a shallow water acoustic channel, with varying Spreading Factors. The signals were transmitted over 2 km in a 20 kHz band, demonstrating good results at the chip rate of 16 kchips/second.
Aspects of Resonant Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Silica (1998)

This paper briefly reports two approaches toward improving the nonlinear response of glassy materials. Recent results demonstrate that the use of local-field resonance or Bragg interference effects provide improved figures of merit.
The Study of Temperature and Humidity Data Logger Based on RX631 (2015)

In order to ensure food security, a design scheme about temperature and humidity data logger for small refrigerator that could monitor temperature and humidity of the environment in real time was proposed. The recorder uses 32-bit RX631designed by Company RENESAS as the controller chip and the paper will show the hardware and software of the product in detail and draw a conclusion. The recorder had a lot of advantages such as a larger range about temperature measurement, getting the information of temperature, humidity and working state whenever possible, even sending relevant information to users in time by GSM.
Future Radiation Therapy: Photons, Protons and Particles (2013)

Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the current management of cancer patients. The most common linear accelerator-based treatment device delivers photons of radiation. In an ever more precise fashion, state-of-the-art technology has recently allowed for both modulation of the radiation beam and imaging for this treatment delivery. This has resulted in better patient outcome with far fewer side effects than were achieved even a decade ago. Recently, a push has begun for proton therapy, which may have clinical advantage in select indications, although significant limitations for these devices have become apparent. In addition, currently, heavy particle therapy has been touted as a potential means to improve cancer patient outcomes. This article will highlight current benefits and drawbacks to modern radiation therapy and speculate on future tools that will likely dramatically improve radiation oncology.
Embedding Covert Information in Broadcast Communications (2018)

We analyze a two-receiver binary-input discrete memoryless broadcast channel, in which the transmitter communicates a common message simultaneously to both receivers and a covert message to only one of them. The unintended recipient of the covert message is treated as an adversary who attempts to detect the covert transmission. This model captures the problem of embedding covert messages in an innocent codebook and generalizes previous covert communication models in which the innocent behavior corresponds to the absence of communication between legitimate users. We identify the exact asymptotic behavior of the number of covert bits that can be transmitted when the rate of the innocent codebook is close to the capacity of the channel to the adversary. Our results also identify the dependence of the number of covert bits on the channel parameters and the characteristics of the innocent codebook.
OACG: a framework for developing open control (1998)

There are many “open standards” for industrial automation. Unfortunately, these standards cover only small slices of automation and control, such as the various device networks and the OPC initiative for accessing device data with PC software. Despite the cumulative effect of these standards, several fundamental gaps remain between the operator interface, control engine, and controlled devices in a typical automation application, and between these control execution systems and the control design environment. What is needed is someone to establish and implement sound technical specifications that address the majority of the market, to publish these as open standards, and to encourage their rapid adoption and widespread use. This is the goal of the Open Architecture Control Group (OACG). Its work is outlined. (4 pages)
Fabrication and surface-leakage suppression in (non-polar) m-Zn(Mg)O optoelectronic devices (2021)

Zincoxide is a rather new material system and promising candidate for mid-infrared (mir) and THz optoelectronic devices like quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and detectors (QCDs) due to its twice as high LO-phonon energy as GaAs. The non-polar m-plane orientation allows designing and realizing such complex devices without internal electrical fields. We present the full fabrication scheme of such QCL/QCD devices including novel optimized etching techniques, surface leakage current suppression by multiple orders of magnitude and low resistance Ohmic contacts (~10^(-5) Ohm x cm^2). Optimized fabrication schemes resulted in fabrication yielding up to more than 80% of operational devices.
Caries‐preventive effect on primary and permanent teeth and cost‐effectiveness of an NaF tablet preschool program (1991)

The aim was to assess restorative care, approximal caries, and cost-effectiveness in children at the ages of 8 and 17 yr in relation to NaF tablet intake between 1/2 and 7 yr of age. Based on interview data, 304 subjects (born 1967 in Lund, Sweden) were divided into five groups with different periods of consumption and one group with no intake. A statistically significant difference was found in fs at 8 yr (P less than 0.001) and in FS at 17 yr (P less than 0.01) between children who had taken the tablets regularly from the first year of life to age 5-7 yr (fs = 1.9; FS = 3.8) and the non-consumers (fs = 5.2; FS = 5.9). In the other four tablet groups, both the fs and the FS values tended to decrease with increasing duration of intake. The prevalence of approximal caries also tended to decrease, as regards both dfs and DFS, increasing duration of tablet consumption, with an statistically significant difference (P less than 0.001) in primary teeth between children with the longest intake (dfs = 1.4) and non-consumers (dfs = 4.9). The cost-effectiveness ratio was approximately 1:1 for both dentitions. Most of the effect was obtained in the primary dentition.
Development of cDNA probes for typing group A bovine rotaviruses on the basis of VP4 specificity (1992)

Dot and Northern (RNA) blot hybridization assays were developed for the P typing of group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) by using cDNA probes prepared from gene segment 4. The probes were prepared by polymerase chain reaction amplification of hyperdivergent regions (nucleotides 211 to 686) of BRV strain UK, IND, NCDV, and Cr VP4 cDNA by using specific oligonucleotide primers. The probes were P type specific (VP4) and exhibited little or no cross-reactivity with double-stranded RNA from heterologous rotavirus P types. Our studies indicate that at least three P types, as defined by polymerase chain reaction-derived VP4 gene probes from the UK, NCDV, and Cr strains, exist among the seven BRV isolates tested.
Breaking the waves: improved detection of copy number variation from microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (2007)

Removing artifactual 'waves' (which appear to be a general feature of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) datasets) and using cross-sample information when identifying CNVs enables more biological information to be extracted from aCGH experiments designed to investigate copy number variation in normal individuals.
A multiple model predictive scheme for fault-tolerant flight control design (2002)

The model predictive control (MPC) strategy is used as a basic control law within the framework of multiple models, switching and tuning to design a reconfigurable flight control system. The controller described can explicitly take into account hard constraints on control inputs, and achieve acceptable flight performance in the presence of control effector freezing. To arrive at an effective reconfigurable control design, a new parametrization of the aircraft model in the presence of control effector freezing is suggested. It turned out that such a parametrization is well suited for use within the MPC framework. The overall multiple model predictive control scheme quickly identifies the nature and time instant of the failure, and carries out automatic reconfiguration of the control law achieving acceptable flight performance. The properties of our reconfigurable controller are evaluated through simulations of an F/A-18A aircraft carrier landing manoeuvre in the presence of critical control effector failures.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW “BENZYL”‐THIOUREA DERIVATIVES AND THEIR CYCLIC ANALOGS WITH DIURETIC AND SALURETIC ACTIVITY (1980)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Benzylisothiocyanaten bzw. von N‐Benzyl‐dithiocarbaminsäurealkylestern mit Aminen werden Thioharnstoffe des Typs (I) synthetisiert, die beim Erhitzen mit konz. HCl in cyclische Analoge des Typs (II) übergehen (8 Tabellen mit Reaktionsbedingungen und Ausb. der dargestellten Verbindungen).
Effect of γ-irradiation on the Effector Function of T Lymphocytes in Microbial Control (1995)

A chlamydial-specific T cell clone, capable of inhibiting the growth of infectious Chlamydia in vivo and in vitro, was employed to investigate the effect of gamma-irradiation on the ability of effector T cells to control infections. Clone 2.14-0 (CD4+), specific for the Chlamydia trachomatis biovar agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn), was irradiated with varying doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 Gy) and its biological functions and ability to inhibit the intraepithelial growth of MoPn were assessed. The results revealed that although gamma-irradiation drastically reduced the proliferative response of the clone to antigen, it did not affect the phenotype and the effector function of inhibiting chlamydial growth. The preservation of anti-chlamydial function after gamma-irradiation correlated with the retention of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha secretion in response to antigenic stimulation. We conclude that the biologic functions of T cells requiring proliferation and differentiation are more likely to be adversely affected by gamma-irradiation on the short-term, but the effector functions, possibly associated with cytokines and cytolysis, may be preserved among persisting effector T cells in an irradiated individual.
Effect of prebiotics of <i>Agave salmiana</i> fed to healthy Wistar rats (2016)

Our data underline the advantage of targeting the gut microbiota by colonic nutrients like specific structure of fructans from A. salmiana, with their beneficial effects. More studies are necessary to define the role of fructans to develop more solid therapeutic solutions in humans. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.