gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of perbenzoic acid in analysis of unsaturated compounds. II. Determination of external double bonds in synthetic rubbers (1947)

Abstract A procedure is given for the determination of the external double bonds in synthetic rubbers. The method is based on the difference in the rates of reaction of perbenzoic acid with internal and with external double bonds. The principles of the interpretation of the analytical data are discussed. Calibration curves for use in the analysis of butadiene and isoprene polymers are given. The procedure is also applicable to the analysis of a mixture of two compounds, one of which contains an external double bond and the other an internal double bond. Data are given for the analysis of mixtures of oleic acid and undecylenic acid.
Web-based dialogue and translation games for spoken language learning (2007)

It is widely recognized that one of the best ways to learn a foreign language is through spoken dialogue with a native speaker. However, this is not a practical method in the classroom due to the one-to-one student/teacher ratio it implies. A potential solution to this problem is to rely on computer spoken dialogue systems to role play a conversational partner. This paper describes several multilingual dialogue systems specifically designed to address this need. Students can engage in dialogue with the computer either over the telephone or through audio/typed input at a Web page. Several different domains are being developed, in which a student's conversational interaction is assisted by a software agent functioning as a "tutor" which can provide them with translation assistance at any time. Some of the research issues surrounding high-quality spoken language translation and dialogue modeling for language games are discussed.
Endothelin-1 Induces Serine Phosphorylation of the Adaptor Protein p66Shc and Its Association with 14-3-3 Protein in Glomerular Mesangial Cells (2001)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor peptide known to be a potent mitogen for glomerular mesangial cells (GMC). In the current study, it is demonstrated that ET-1 treatment of GMC results in serine phosphorylation of the 66-kDa isoform of the adapter protein Shc (p66(Shc)). ET-1-induced serine phosphorylation of p66(Shc) requires activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling module and is efficiently inhibited by both a MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)-selective inhibitor and adenovirus-mediated transfer of a dominant interfering MEK1 mutant. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated transfer of a constitutively active MEK1 mutant was found to markedly increase p66(Shc) serine phosphorylation. Adenoviruses encoding constitutively active mutants of MAPK kinases 3 and 6 (upstream kinases of p38(MAPK)) and 7 (upstream kinase of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase) failed to induce serine phosphorylation of this adaptor protein. Serine phosphorylation of p66(Shc) resulted in its association with the serine binding motif-containing protein 14-3-3. ET-1-induced phosphorylation of a serine encompassed in the 14-3-3 binding motif of p66(Shc) was confirmed in experiments employing anti-phospho-14-3-3 binding motif antibodies. These studies are the first to demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors stimulate serine phosphorylation of p66(Shc) and the first to report the formation of a signaling complex between p66(Shc) and 14-3-3.
A thermal conductivity microstructural pressure sensor fabricated in standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (1992)

We have investigated polysilicon-based microstructural thermal conductivity pressure sensors fabricated in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology and operated as a Pirani gauge. The thermally isolated polysilicon resistor showed a 2% change over the pressure range 0.01–100 Torr when the device was operated with a constant current of 200 μA. Larger changes were observed at higher currents. The device was tested in SF6, N2, and He, and was most sensitive in He and least sensitive in SF6. Heat losses were calculated to be mainly due to heat conduction through the support arms, especially at low pressures, with heat conduction through the gas increasing to approximately 37% at 1 atm.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Induced Serotonin Syndrome (1997)

The selective pharmacology of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) results in a lower potential for pharmacodynamic drug interactions relative to other antidepressants such as the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). However, the SSRIs have been implicated in the development of the serotonin syndrome--a potentially life-threatening complication of treatment with psychotropic drugs. The syndrome is produced most often by the concurrent use of two or more drugs that enhance central nervous system serotonin activity and often goes unrecognized because of the varied and nonspecific nature of its clinical features. The serotonin syndrome is characterized by alterations in cognition (disorientation, confusion), behavior (agitation, restlessness), autonomic nervous system function (fever, shivering, diaphoresis, diarrhea), and neuromuscular (ataxia, hyperreflexia, myoclonus) activity. The difference between this syndrome and the occurrence of adverse effects caused by serotonin reuptake inhibitors alone is the clustering of the signs and symptoms, their severity, and their duration. There are important pharmacokinetic interactions between SSRIs and other serotonergic drugs due principally to their effects on the cytochrome P450(CYP) isoenzymes, the potential for which varies widely amongst the SSRI group, which may increase the likelihood of a pharmacodynamic interaction. The exceptionally long washout period required after fluoxetine discontinuation may cause additional problems and/or inconvenience. Patients with serotonin syndrome usually respond to discontinuation of drug therapy and supportive care alone, but they may also require treatment with antiserotonergic agent such as cyproheptadine, methysergide, and/or propranolol. To reduce the occurrence, morbidity, and mortality of the serotonin syndrome, it must be both prevented by prudent pharmacotherapy and given prompt recognition when it is present.
Specialists and synthesists in a question answering community (2006)

Abstract The most sustainable online communities are those that allow and encourage their users to have a voice in how the community evolves. The proliferation of online communities with collaborative filtering mechanisms, where user feedback is aggregated to shape future interactions, makes it necessary to understand why participants in online communities value the content they do. Building on the concepts of users as specialists and synthesists developed in previous research, this study examines Answerbag, an online question answering community where users rate one another's answers to provide collaborative filtering. In this environment, specialists are operationalized as those who claim expertise in a given topic and answer questions without referencing other sources, and synthesists as those who include one or more references to external sources in their answers. The results of the study suggest that within the Answerbag community as a whole, the answers of synthesists tended to be rated more highly than those of specialists, though answers provided by specialists were rated more highly within certain categories. The consequences of differences in the perceived value of information provided by specialists and synthesists are examined, and avenues for future research are discussed.
Functional amyloid (2010)

Evidence is growing at an increasing -pace that amyloid fibers are not just the result of aberrant protein folding associated with neurodegenerative diseases, but are widespread in nature for beneficial reasons. Amyloid is an attractive building material because its robust design and simple repetitive structure make for very durable and metabolically cheap material. But this requires that the production of amyloid be put under firm control. This appears to involve the use of four to five chaperones that are expressed under the control of the same promoter as the amyloid proteins. Significant progress has been made in deciphering this process in E. coli's csg operon, also found in Salmonella. Recently, we have discovered a new and unrelated operon (fap) responsible for amyloid production in Pseudomonas, which also confers biofilm-forming properties to E. coli. Intriguingly, this operon shares a number of features with csg, namely two homologous proteins (one of which, FapC, has been shown to be directly involved in amyloid build-up) and a small number of auxiliary proteins. However, FapC seems to be less economically structured than its E. coli counterpart, with a smaller number of repeats and very large and variable linker regions. Furthermore, the putative chaperones are not homologous to their csg counterparts and have intriguing homologies to proteins with other functions. These findings suggest that controlled amyloid production has arisen on many independent occasions due to the usefulness of the product and offers the potential for intriguing insights into how nature disarms and reconstructs a potentially very dangerous weapon.
Molecular Cloning of Six Novel Krüppel-like Zinc Finger Genes from Hematopoietic Cells and Identification of a Novel Transregulatory Domain KRNB (1999)

To clone zinc finger genes expressed in hematopoietic system, we designed primers based on conserved Cys(2)/His(2) zinc finger sequences to amplify corresponding domains from mRNA of normal bone marrow and leukemia cell line NB4. DNA fragments of novel zinc finger genes were chosen and used as probe pool to screen cDNA libraries or subject to rapid amplification of cDNA ends in order to obtain full-length cDNA. Six cDNAs including whole open reading frame of zinc finger proteins, named as ZNF191, ZNF253 (BMZF-1), ZNF255 (BMZF-2), ZNF256 (BMZF-3), ZNF257 (BMZF-4), and ZNF254 (BMZF-5) were obtained. All six belong to the Krüppel-like zinc finger gene family, and typical transcriptional regulatory motifs exist in the N-terminal moiety, such as the SCAN box in ZNF191, and the KRAB domains in ZNF253, ZNF254, ZNF256, and ZNF257. A previously undefined sequence nominated as Krüppel-related novel box, which may represent a new transregulatory motif, was revealed at the N terminus of ZNF255. The transregulatory function of non-zinc finger regions of ZNF191, ZNF253, and ZNF255 were addressed in yeast and mammalian cells. The results indicated that ZNF255 might be a conditional transactivator, whereas ZNF253 and ZNF191 displayed a suppressive effect on the transcription in yeast and/or mammalian systems.
Assessing Sleepiness and Sleep Disorders in Australian Long-Distance Commercial Vehicle Drivers: Self-Report Versus an “At Home” Monitoring Device (2012)

Sleep apnea remains a significant and unrecognized problem in CMV drivers, who we found to have multiple health risks. Objective testing for this sleep disorder needs to be considered, as symptom reports and self-identification appear insufficient to accurately identify those at risk.
Regulation of the in vivo synthesis of the polypeptide chain elongation factors in Escherichia coli (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegulation of the in vivo synthesis of the polypeptide chain elongation factors in Escherichia coliJulian GordonCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 4, 912–917Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00806a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00806a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION IN TRANSLOCATIONS INVOLVING CHROMOSOME 6 IN MAIZE (1950)

NE of the unsolved problems concerning translocations deals with chromosome segregation. Why is it mostly alternate in Oenothera, while in maize both alternate and adjacent segregations occur? Maize translocation heterozygotes involving chromosome 6 which carries a nucleolar organizer region are useful for such a study, since certain of the types of segregation result in recognizably different microspore quartets The results of a study of chromosome segregation using 27 translocations with breakages a t different loci in chromosome 6 are presented in this paper, the theoretical results first, followed by the experimental data.
Software protection mechanisms for dependable systems (2008)

We expect that in future commodity hardware will be used in safety critical applications. But the used commodity microprocessors will become less reliable because of decreasing feature size and reduced power supply. Thus software-implemented approaches to deal with unreliable hardware will be required. As one basic step to software-implemented hardware-fault tolerance (SIHFT) we aim at providing failure virtualization by turning arbitrary value failures caused by erroneous execution into crash failures which are easier to handle. Existing SIHFT approaches either are not broadly applicable or lack the ability to reliably deal with permanent hardware faults. In contrast, Forin [7] introduced the Vital Coded Microprocessor which reliably detects transient and permanent hardware errors but is not applicable to arbitrary programs and requires special hardware. We discuss different approaches to generalize Forin's approach and make it applicable to modern infrastructures.
Preparation and biological activity of saponin from Ophiopogon japonicus (2012)

Saponin from Ophiopogon japonicus was isolated and preliminary identified by physical and chemical methods. The antioxidant and macrophages-modulating activities of the saponin were also investigated employing various established systems in vitro. The results of physical-chemical identification indicated that saponin was steroidal saponin. It was observed that the scavenging activity of saponin on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picry-hydrazyl (DPPH) significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The scavenging rate of it on DPPH radical was 99.64% when the concentration of the saponin was up to 5 mg/ml. For scavenging hydroxyl radical, it first increased and then decreased gradually with the increase of concentration, and reached the strongest scavenging rate at the concentration of 2 mg/ml. Saponin also exhibited prominent macrophages-modulating activity by the promotion of phagocytic capacity, macrophage viability, nitric oxide (NO) production and interleukin-1 release. It follows that saponin from O. japonicus can be explored as a novel and potential natural antioxidant and immunostimulants.

	 

	Key words: Ophiopogon japonicas, saponin, antioxidant activity, macrophages.
Cannabidiol: an alternative therapeutic agent for oral mucositis? (2017)

The literature on the use of cannabidiol in dentistry is still scarce. Studies investigating the use of cannabidiol in oral mucositis and other oxidative stress-mediated side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the oral mucosa should be encouraged.
Method of Cogging Torque Reduction for Built-in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (2022)

Abstract Cogging torque is one of the main factors that deteriorate the performance of permanent magnet motor. In order to reduce the cogging torque of built-in permanent magnet motor, a method of optimizing Rib and DminMag to reduce groove torque of built-in permanent magnet motor was proposed. Firstly, the relationship between Rib and DminMag and groove torque is analyzed through the expression of groove torque. Secondly, the optimal Rib and DminMag were found by finite element parametric calculation, and compared with the pre-optimization groove torque, the groove torque was significantly reduced. Finally, the main performance of motor before and after optimization is not significantly reduced.
Improving edge detection by an objective edge evaluation (1992)

Edge detection is conventionally performed in an open-loop system. No feedback from the outcome of the detection operation is provided. The quality of the resulting edge image, thus, tends to be uncontrollable. The performance of edge detection carI be improved by conducting the operation in a closed-loop system. This system performs an on-line objective edge evaluation. The evaluation process computes a set of edge metrics for the resulting image. An overall edge strength measurement of the image is obtained. No a @on knowledge about the edge distributions in the image is required for the measurement.
Development and Operation of a Line-Screen Color Kinescope (1951)

A color-television receiver employing a single kinescope of the line-screen type has been developed. The kinescope screen consists of many hundred narrow parallel phosphor strips of the three primary colors, arranged cyclically. In the method investigated in greatest detail, the raster scanning lines are parallel to the phosphor strips. Circuit means are provided to cause the scanning lines to coincide with the phosphor strips of a single color. The beam is then deflected by a "stair-step" wave to the adjacent lines of the two remaining colors to generate color-dot areas in synchronism with the received color signal. The required registration of scanning lines with the screen elements is obtained by means of a servo circuit deriving control information from secondary-emission-signal areas on the kinescope screen. Various alternatives to this arrangement have also been investigated. Kinescopes of 16-inch envelope diameter have been employed to give color pictures of high horizontal definition and adequate color purity.
Recent Developments in Natural Product Inspired Synthetic 1,2,4- Trioxolanes (Ozonides): An Unusual Entry into Antimalarial Chemotherapy (2019)

According to WHO "World health statistics 2018", malaria alongside acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea, is one of the major infectious disease causing children's death in between the age of 1-5 years. Similarly, according to another report (2016) malaria accounts for approximately 3.14% of the total disease burden worldwide. Although malaria has been widely eradicated in many parts of the world, the global number of cases continues to rise due to the rapid spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin (8), a major breakthrough in the antimalarial chemotherapy was isolated from the plant Artemisia annua in 1972. Its semi-synthetic derivatives such as artemether (9), arteether (10), and artesunic acid (11) are quite effective against multi-drug resistant malaria strains and are currently the drug of choice for the treatment of malaria. Inspite of exhibiting excellent antimalarial activity by artemisinin (8) and its derivatives, parallel programmes for the discovery of novel natural and synthetic peroxides were also the area of investigation of medicinal chemists all over the world. In these continuous efforts of extensive research, natural ozonide (1,2,4- trioxolane) was isolated from Adiantum monochlamys (Pteridaceae) and Oleandra wallichii (Davalliaceae) in 1976. These naturally occurring stable ozonides inspired chemists to investigate this novel class for antimalarial chemotherapy. The first identification of unusually stable synthetic antimalarial 1,2,4-trioxolanes was reported in 1992. Thus, an unusual entry of ozonides in the field of antimalarial chemotherapy had occurred in the early nineties. This review highlights the recent advancements and historical developments observed during the past 42 years (1976-2018) focusing mainly on important ventures of the antimalarial 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides).
"An electroluminescent light-amplifying picture panel" (1956)

Successful designs of experimental large-area light amplifying picture panels have been evolved using electroluminescent phosphor and a newly developed photoconductive CdS powder. The device to be described is a flat solid-state panel, approximately 12 square, capable of intensifying images of low level visible light. The light may originate from a tungsten source or may consist simply of room light or daylight. Although such amplifiers may be made with differing spectral responses, this particular amplifier has a gain of approximately 15 times using input pictures which are of identical spectral distribution to that of the output picture. The present light amplifier is thus not limited to converter operation as is the case with other devices sometimes classed as light amplifiers which require ultra-violet input images for producing a visible output picture. The response time of the panel, determined basically by the photoconductive material, varies from about .1 second to several seconds, depending on the particular photoconductive powder and the input light level employed. In general, the light amplifier has properties which are common to most amplifiers, that is, it is capable of being cascaded into units of more than one stage, and may be designed to have a specified amount of feedback.
Evolution of communication and language using signals, symbols, and words (2001)

This paper describes different types of models for the evolution of communication and language. It uses the distinction between signals, symbols, and words for the analysis of evolutionary models of language. In particular, it shows how evolutionary computation techniques such as artificial life can be used to study the emergence of syntax and symbols from simple communication signals. Initially, a computational model that evolves repertoires of isolated signal is presented. This study has simulated the emergence of signals for naming foods in a population of foragers. This type of model studies communication systems based on simple signal-object associations. Subsequently, models that study the emergence of grounded symbols are discussed in general, including a detailed description of a work on the evolution of simple syntactic rules. This model focuses on the emergence of symbol-symbol relationships in evolved languages. Finally, computational models of syntax acquisition and evolution are discussed. These different types of computational models provide an operational definition of the signal/symbol/word distinction. The simulation and analysis of these types of models will help to understand the role of symbols and symbol acquisition in the origin of language.
Historia e interpretación: sobre la dimensión filosófica de la noción de posmodernidad. (1992)

Sin resumen