gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VIBRATION DISEASE (1975)

The disease due to mechanical vibrations has been regarded as that showing Raynaud's phe-nomenon. The authors have observed that the patients with vibration disease have symptoms of the central nervous disturbance. The purpose of this study was to clarify evidences of the disturb-ance of the central nervous system caused by mechanical vibrations.Clinical features and laboratory findings of 60 patients hospitalized with vibration disease were analysed, 50 of them being chain saw operators in the forest, and 10 jack hammer operators in the rock. The average age was 47.4 years (range, 33-67) in the former and 51. 6 years (range, 37-60) in the later. The operators of chain saw and jack hammer had worked for 2 to 16 years (average 9.8) and for 4 to 7.2 years (average 5.8), respectively. The classification of severity by Andreeva-Galanina's criteria showed one patient in Grade II, 55 in Grade III and 4 in Grade IV.Incidences of subjective symptoms of peripheral functions such as Raynaud's phenomenon, . numbness, pain, cold sensation or stiffness of fingers ; pain on elbows and neck ; stiffness of shoul-der and lumbago were almost the same as those reported by many investigators. However, there were higher incidences in the complaints induced by the central nervous disturbance. These com-plaints were heavy feeling of head, headache, severe sleeplessness, early morning wakefulness, disturbance of memory, depressive feeling, palmar sweating and impotence. The incidence of each of these complaints ranged from 50% to 90%. Moreover, there were strikingly characteristic pat-terns in electroencephalograms, i. e., fast waves of twenty five Hz with or without spindle form were found in the frontal or pariental poles. The incidence of the fast waves was in proportion to the severity of the disease, waves appearing sporadically or continuously. In the Grade IV, however, the fast waves disappeared perfectly and flat EEG patterns appeared. The spindle-formed fast waves were disfigured to the non-spindle form by potent treatments. On discharge of the patient fast waves of the non-spindle form disappeared as well. Amplitudes of the fast waves of spindle and non-spindle forms were 50 to 60 μV, and 30 μV, respectively.In conclusion, the vibration disease is considered to be a systemic disease. Namely, the me-chanical vibration impaires not only peripheral circulatory and nervous functions and bones and joints, but also the central nervous system. Clinical symptoms have been relieved by treatments.In a certain degree of severity, disturbances caused by mechanical vibrations are reversible and functional. The clinical symptoms of the vibration disease are mainly induced by the disturbance of nervous, circulatory and hormonal systems and bones and joints. These can be divided into peripheral and central features.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN PYRROLOCHINOLINEN 2. MITT. UNTERSUCHUNG UEBER SYNTH. UND CHEMISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN VON 1H‐PYRROLO(2,3‐B)CHINOLINEN (1973)

Abstract Die früher in ihrer Herstellung beschriebenen 2,3‐Dihydro‐pyrrolochinoline (IVa)‐(IVd) werden verschiedenen Dehydrierungsmethoden unterworfen direkt mit Braunstein bzw. über eine Bromierung mit N‐Brom‐succinimid üb (V) die Pyrrolochinoline (VIa)‐(VIc) hergestellt.
Involvement of cytosol proteins in oleate activation of rabbit liver fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. (1975)

Dialyzed rabbit liver cytosol was specifically freed of endogenous fructose-1,6-diphosphatase by immunoadsorption on a column of Sepharose-immobilized anti-fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. This material increased the specific activity of homogeneous enzyme to the maximal rate observed with EDTA and shifted the pH optimum from 8.4 to 7.4. With oleate or other fatty acids as activators, the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase by enzyme, at neutral pH, showed nonlinear initial rates dropping to lower linear rates. Cytosol activator acted synergistically with oleate both to increase neutral enzyme activity and to maintain the high initial catalytic rates. After sucrose density centrifugation or gel filtration, the cytosol had no effect by itself, but still potentiated oleate activation. The factor was destroyed by treatment with subtilisin or trypsin, but all attempts to identify a unique protein component in cytosol were unsuccessful. The presence of Na dodecyl-SOJ, deoxycholate, or urea did not improve the resolution of the factor, but these compounds did lower the K50 for activation by cytosol. Since fatty acids are the only unique compounds which have been isolated from cytosol which activated fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, it appears that soluble proteins can act as natural carriers for the fatty acids. This was supported by the fact that both dialyzed rabbit alpha-globulins and muscle phosphofructokinase also acted synergistically with oleate in a manner similar to cytosol. Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine activated fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and their action was synergistic with oleate. Glutathione (1 mM) activated the enzyme 5-fold at pH 7.3 and its effects were additive with oleate and cytosol or alpha-globulins.
Endonuclease analysis of Y chromosome DNA (1978)

Despite currently available antithrombotic therapies, venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fondaparinux sodium (pentasaccharide), the first in a new class of antithrombotic agents developed for the prevention and treatment of VTE, inhibits thrombin generation by selectively inhibiting factor Xa. Fondaparinux exhibits complete bioavailability by the subcutaneous route and is rapidly absorbed, reaching its maximum concentration approximately 2 h post dosing. It has a terminal half-life of 13 to 21 h, permitting once-daily dosing. Fondaparinux's reproducible linear pharmacokinetic profile exhibits minimal intrasubject and intersubject variability, suggesting that individual dose adjustments will not be required for the vast majority of the population and that there will be no need for routine hemostatic monitoring. At therapeutic concentrations (94% binding to its target protein, antithrombin. Within this same concentration range there is no specific binding by fondaparinux to plasma proteins commonly involved in drug binding, indicating a low potential for drug-drug interactions by protein displacement. Unlike antithrombotic agents prepared from animal extracts (heparins), fondaparinux is chemically synthesized; this leads to batch-to-batch consistency and the absence of potential risk of contamination problems. In recently completed phase III clinical trials in VTE prevention in major orthopedic surgery, fondaparinux showed significant superiority over the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin, providing an overall &gt;50% (P &lt;0.001) reduction in VTE risk without increasing clinically important bleeding. Additional clinical data support its potential benefits in other venous and arterial thrombotic disorders. In view of these collective findings, fondaparinux is expected to play a major role in the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombotic disease.
Direct Standard-Free Quantitation of Tamiflu and Other Pharmaceutical Tablets Using Clustering Agents with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Accurate and rapid quantitation is advantageous to identify counterfeit and substandard pharmaceutical drugs. A standard-free electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method is used to directly determine the dosage in the prescription and over-the-counter drugs Tamiflu, Sudafed, and Dramamine. A tablet of each drug was dissolved in aqueous solution, filtered, and introduced into solutions containing a known concentration of l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine, or prednisone as a clustering agent. The active ingredient(s) incorporates statistically into large clusters of the clustering agent where effects of differential ionization/detection are substantially reduced. From the abundances of large clusters, the dosages of the active ingredients in each of the tablets were determined to typically better than 20% accuracy even when the ionization/detection efficiency of the individual components differed by over 100x. Although this unorthodox method for quantitation is not as accurate as using conventional standards, it has the advantages that it is fast, it can be applied to mixtures where the identities of the analytes are unknown, and it can be used when suitable standards may not be readily available, such as schedule I or II controlled substances or new designer drugs that have not previously been identified.
Gene Transfer of MHC-Restricted Receptors (2004)

Adoptive therapy with allogeneic or tumor-specific T-cells has shown substantial clinical effects for several human tumors, but the widespread application of this strategy remains a daunting task. The antigen specificity of T-lymphocytes is solely determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains. Consequently, genetic transfer of TCR chains may form an alternative and potentially appealing strategy to impose a desirable tumor-antigen specificity onto cytotoxic or helper T-cell populations. In this strategy, autologous or donor-derived T-cell populations are equipped with a TCR of defined reactivity in short-term ex vivo cultures, and re-infusion of the redirected cells is used to supply T-cell reactivity against defined tumor-specific antigens. We have previously described the genetic introduction of T-cell receptor genes into peripheral T-cells in mouse model systems. Here we discuss the requirements for the successful genetic modification of murine T-lymphocytes and the subsequent use of such genetically modified cells in in vivo models.
Innovative Bridge Designs for Rapid Renewal: SHRP 2 Project Develops and Demonstrates a Toolkit (2014)

To encourage states to implement accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, a project of the second Strategic Highway Research Program developed standardized design approaches for constructing complete bridge systems under renewal with minimal disruptions to traffic. This article describes the SHRP 2 standardized design approaches and summarizes pilot projects in Iowa and New York State that have successfully applied the guidance in the ABC Toolkit.
Stereotactic craniotomy (1989)

Combining the power of stereotactic precision with open craniotomy in a stereotactic craniotomy technique decreases surgical time, morbidity, and postoperative hospitalization. Indications for its use are deep intrinsic masses 3.5 cm or less in diameter; small, superficial lesions otherwise difficult to localize; and lesions associated with motor, visual, or speech areas. Using the standard Brown-Roberts-Wells system allows a) precisely planned cortical entries, b) gross total lesion excisions under direct vision, c) use of probe-guided resection margins, d) small craniotomies through linear incisions, and e) use of local anesthetic alone for resections. The method and results of this universally available and relatively inexpensive technique are discussed in reference to 20 patients.
The crystal structures of aluminium borohydride–trimethylamine: low-temperature study (1966)

N. A. Bailey, P. H. Bird and M. G. H. Wallbridge, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 286 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000286
A PCR‐MPN BASED QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO ENUMERATE NITRIFYING BACTERIA IN ZEOPONIC SUBSTRATES (2002)

Self‐sustaining, regenerative life‐support systems are required for long duration missions to the Moon and Mars. Improved activity of nitrifying bacteria to convert NH 4 + to NO 3 ‐ has been shown to promote plant growth in zeoponic substrates. Due to physiological characteristics, such as slow growth and low yield, nitrifying bacteria are not easily enumerated by traditional microbiological techniques. A method for rapid detection and enumeration of a commercial inoculum of nitrifying bacteria in a zeoponic substrate was developed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐most probable number (MPN) approach. Samples from four‐week laboratory incubation studies were processed to extract their total microbial community DNA and the sequences specific to 16s rRNA of Nitrobacter spp. were PCR amplified. The detection limit of the methodology was 2,000 Nitrobacter cells per assay. The quantitative assay demonstrated that the zeoponic substrate was capable of supporting 10 5 to 10 6 MPN Nitrobacter cells per gram of substrate. The PCR‐MPN method can be an effective and rapid approach to enumerate nitrifying bacteria in zeoponic substrates.
Performance of uplink random-access and downlink TDMA techniques for packet satellite networks (1984)

In this paper the integration of ALOHA random-access schemes and TDMA techniques in a multibeam packet satellite network are analyzed. The uplink channels operate according to a slotted-ALOHA protocol, while the downlink channels use a TDMA strategy. Two different models are described. In the first model, each transponder on-board the satellite is permanently connected to a preassigned spot beam. The second model uses a number of transponders lower than the number of spot beams. Some different strategies of transmission are proposed in the latter model, able to provide full interconnection among earth stations by channel-hopping capability of the transponders. The performance of the models is evaluated through queueing theory analysis and extensive computer simulations. The obtained results suggest the second model as an efficient candidate for the implementation of a multibeam packet satellite network. In that case, the system parameters must be carefully chosen in order to avoid possible instability conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: MODEL HELPS EXPLAIN PHOTOSYNTHESIS (1974)

Abstract Mit Hilfe eines Photosynthesemodells, das aus zwei Chlorophyllmolekülen und zwei daran durch Wasserstoffbrücken gebundenen Wassermolekülen besteht, erhält man ein in‐vitro‐Photosynthesesystem, das in der Lage ist, unter Einwirkung von sichtbarem Licht Wasser zu Sauerstoff Izu oxidieren.
Physics of hypervelocity flight as it affects the design of re-entryvehicles (1963)

Characteristics of air at high temperatures for consideration in the design of reentering space vehicles
Designing bioactive molecules : three-dimensional techniques and applications (1998)

Three-dimensional structural information often provides the key to discovering or designing bioactive molecules and compounds. This volume covers the principal computational techniques for processing three-dimensional structures of small molecules and compounds. It describes database construction and searching, analysis of structure-activity relationships by pharmacophore mapping and QSAR, prediction of biological potency of small molecules and compounds by QSAR and by docking to macromolecular targets. The book also includes a chapter on de novo design of ligands to fit a macromolecular target.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging within diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (2004)

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been improved in recent decades with the incorporation of paraclinical investigations in diagnostic workup. In the last 15 years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an especially valuable tool for supporting MS diagnosis, and specific imaging criteria became fundamental to the guidelines for the diagnosis of MS published in 2001 by an international panel (IP). The new IP criteria include MRI evidence of dissemination in space and time, making it possible to diagnose MS after a single clinical episode. This review considers current evidence concerning the reliability of the new IP criteria for the diagnosis of relapsing-onset MS, discusses strengths and weaknesses of the criteria, and outlines areas which may need modification or should be the focus of future research directed toward improving diagnostic accuracy. It also makes practical recommendations when using MRI and the IP criteria in MS diagnosis, especially in patients with clinically isolated syndromes or atypical presentations. The IP criteria are timely and concrete and introduce an important concept to MS diagnosis. Future modifications, based on emerging evidence, should further facilitate their implementation and improve their accuracy.
Interaction of Ganglioside and Glycoprotein Carbohydrates with Membrane Surfaces (1988)

Abstract Electron spin resonance techniques were employed to investigate the interaction of sialic acid bearing carbohydrates covalently bound to gangliosides or glycophorin with membrane surfaces. In phosphatidylcholine membranes it was found that gangliosides induce a rigidification. This hydrophobic effect is partially compensated by a hydrophilic interaction with the membrane surface. In phosphatidylethanolamine membranes ganglioside G D1a is the only one that reduces the lipid phase transition temperature. We assume a special oligosaccharide conformation, that strongly disturbs the hydrogen bond network of the PE host membrane. The results are further supported by experiments with reconstituted glycophorin containing membranes. In a phosphatidylcholine matrix we observed the formation of an immobilized lipid domain that surrounds the protein. Phosphatidylethanolamines within a phosphatidylcholine membrane are excluded from such a domain. This is also interpreted by the formation of hydrogen bonds between sialic acid groups of the protein and the amino functions of the lipid headgroups.
InGaAsN/GaAs Lasers Performance on Thermal Annealing (2004)

Two different annealing processes were made on 40µm wide InGaAsN/GaAs edge emitter lasers. Lower temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 720°C mainly improves the active layers. After RTA, the threshold current density (Jth) dependence on the cavity length (L) is similar to the as grown case but the (Jth) decreases significantly. High temperature RTA at 890°C can dramatically decrease the linear fit slope of Jth vs 1/L, which indicates that the carrier conductivity is improved dramatically even after RTA lasting only for one second.
CFD Study of Phase Separators in A/C Automotive Systems (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the refrigerant circuit of an automotive air-conditioning system, oil is needed to lubricate the moving parts of the compressor. However, it is desired to limit the presence of oil within the compressor, avoiding its flow to the areas of heat exchangers (like evaporator and condenser), in order to improve the efficiency of the heat transfer process. The oil separation is done immediately downstream of the compressor in a device using either impinging or centrifugal effects on the refrigerant carrier gas flow. The oil phase is assumed to exist as a secondary phase in the form of droplets. The main requirement for a good design of an oil separator device is to achieve the maximum liquid separation with the smallest pressure drop for the gas flow. The numerical simulations were performed using Eulerian Multiphase model and Mixture model of FLUENT6 on fully unstructured tetrahedral meshes of various design iterations of the separator. Resulting CFD flow fields were used to compare separation efficiency and pressure drop of different designs and flow regimes.</div>
Acute laryngeal obstruction presumed secondary to thiomersal (merthiolate) delayed hypersensitivity (1975)

A patient treated his slight score-throat with a thiomersal first aid spray. The next day, because of continued discomfort, he repeated its use. Laryngeal obstruction followed within hours. Emergency tracheostomy produced prompt improvement. Patch testing revealed an extreme spreading reaction to thiomersal. It is our interpretation that the acute laryngeal obstruction was delayed hypersensitivity to this first aid spray.
Delivering Continuing Education to AG Professionals - The Crop Adviser Institute (www.cai.iastate.edu) (2000)

Continuing education is essential for agricultural professionals, whether required by a certifying organization or completed voluntarily as a supplemental educational opportunity. Agricultural continuing education has traditionally been delivered on-site, but temporal, geographical, and other constraints often prevent individuals from attending these courses. The Crop Adviser Institute (CAl) has been established to provide an alternative method of delivering continuing education. Implementation of forward-thinking pedagogy and utilization of current technologies led to development of the CAl program which focuses on creation of high-quality, interactive learning modules designed to be delivered at a distance via CD-ROM. Preliminary evaluation of this program has shown that this is indeed a
Effects of introducing low-frequency harmonics in the perception of vocoded telephone speech (2010)

Several studies have demonstrated that telephone use presents a challenge for most cochlear implant (CI) users, and this is attributed mainly to the narrow bandwidth (300-3400 Hz) introduced by the telephone network. The present study focuses on answering the question whether telephone speech recognition in noise can be improved by introducing, prior to vocoder processing, low-frequency harmonic information encompassing the missing (due to the telephone network) information residing in the 0-300 Hz band. Experiment 1 regenerates the main harmonics and adjacent partials within the 0-600 Hz range in corrupted (by steady noise) telephone speech which has been vocoded to simulate electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). Results indicated that introducing the main harmonics alone did not produce any benefits in intelligibility. Substantial benefit (20%) was observed, however, when both main harmonics and adjacent partials were regenerated in the acoustic portion of EAS-vocoded telephone speech. A similar benefit was noted in Experiment 2 when low-frequency harmonic information was introduced prior to processing noise-corrupted telephone speech using an eight-channel vocoder. The gain in telephone speech intelligibility in noise obtained when low-frequency harmonic information was introduced can be attributed to the listeners having more reliable access to a combination of F0, glimpsing and lexical segmentation cues.
<sup>1</sup>H image‐guided localized <sup>31</sup>P MR spectroscopy of human brain: Quantitative analysis of <sup>31</sup>P MR spectra measured on volunteers and on intracranial tumor patients (1989)

1H image-guided 31P MR spectra of normal human brain and of intracranial tumors have been analyzed quantitatively. Tumor types examined include prolactinoma, lymphoma, and various grade gliomas. The experimental signals were processed by means of a time-domain least-square fitting procedure, which yields the spectral parameters, as well as a prediction of the standard deviations. Significant spectral variations are observed within both populations of normal brain and of intracranial tumor 31P MR spectra. The metabolic ratios derived from the glioma 31P MR spectra and from corresponding uninfiltrated brain tissue do not differ significantly. Significant differences are, however, observed between the metabolic ratios of prolactinoma and uninfiltrated tissue 31P MR spectra. Alkaline pH values are found for the prolactinoma and the high-grade gliomas. Furthermore, spectral differences are observed between the patient's uninfiltrated tissue 31P MR spectra and those of an unmatched population of volunteers. This underscores the necessity for control measurements on the uninfiltrated tissue of the patient and for controls from a matched population of healthy individuals.