gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐guided mutagenesis for characterization of membrane‐bound proteins: Experimental designs and applications (2004)

High resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for determining the solution structures of peptides and small proteins, and their ligand binding functions. Molecular biology mutagenesis is a widely used and powerful approach for identification of the protein functions. We have developed a strategy integrating NMR experiments with mutagenesis studies to advance and extend the approaches used for structure/function relationship studies of proteins, especially for membrane‐bound proteins, which play important roles in physiopathological processes. The procedures include the design of the functional protein domain, identification of the solution structure and intermolecular contacts between the protein segment and its ligand. These determinations are resolved by high‐resolution 2D NMR spectroscopy, and followed by site‐directed mutagenesis of the residues suggested from the NMR experiment for the membrane‐bound proteins. The residues important to the protein functions, identified by the mutagenesis, were further used to re‐assign the NMR spectra and finalize the docking of the protein with its ligand. A structural model of the protein/ligand interaction can be constructed at an atomic level based on the NMR spectroscopy and mutagenesis results. As an application, the strategy has enhanced our knowledge in the understanding of the structure/function relationship for a membrane‐bound G protein coupling receptor, the thromboxane A 2 receptor (TP receptor), interacting with its ligand, and a microsomal P450, prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), docking with its substrate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. In this review, we have summarized the principles and applications for this newly developed technique.
The effects of educator attitudes and expectations on the educational programming for children with Down's Syndrome in the context of integration (1988)

Down's Syndrome has long been associated with mental retardation. This has resulted in expectations of moderate or severe mental retardation in individuals with Down's Syndrome (Hopkins, 1983). Although there has been acceptance of the possibility of variability of attainments, a certain predictability of outcome has been assumed since Down's Syndrome is a condition resulting from known chromosomal abnormalities (Springer &amp; Steele, 1980; Hopkins, 1983).
Organ-to-Organ Communication: A Drosophila Gastrointestinal Tract Perspective (2017)

The long-term maintenance of an organism's homeostasis and health relies on the accurate regulation of organ-organ communication. Recently, there has been growing interest in using the <i>Drosophila</i> gastrointestinal tract to elucidate the regulatory programs that underlie the complex interactions between organs. Data obtained in this field have dramatically improved our understanding of how organ-organ communication contributes to the regulation of various aspects of the intestine, including its metabolic and physiological status. However, although research uncovering regulatory programs associated with interorgan communication has provided key insights, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively explored. In this review, we highlight recent findings describing gut-neighbor and neighbor-neighbor communication models in adults and larvae, respectively, with a special focus on how a range of critical strategies concerning continuous interorgan communication and adjustment can be used to manipulate different aspects of biological processes. Given the high degree of similarity between the <i>Drosophila</i> and mammalian intestinal epithelia, it can be anticipated that further analyses of the <i>Drosophila</i> gastrointestinal tract will facilitate the discovery of similar mechanisms underlying organ-organ communication in other mammalian organs, such as the human intestine.
Task-based language learning (2014)

In this introduction we provide an overview of the intended contribution of the volume to TBLT theory and research. It starts from the perspective that TBLT-oriented theoretical framing and explicitly theorized empirical research endeavours have, in general, taken oral communication as their main focus. This focus has prevented the construct of ‘task’ from attaining the kind of status that it deserves in the field of applied language studies. Based on that belief, this introductory chapter positions the contributions in the volume as showcasing diverse facets of the complex phenomenon of writing. It foreshadows how including a focus on L2 writing might influence theory and research into TBLT and, beyond that, contribute to fostering language development in a TBLT environment. Concluding with a synthesis of the volume’s individual contributions, the chapter creates an encompassing context for the diverse treatments of task and writing offered in the volume’s individual studies.
Chemical cross-linking of a dimeric protein on a modified lectin matrix. A general probe for the chemical topology of oligomeric glycoproteins (1981)

A dimeric glycoprotein, glucose oxidase, was allowed to react with lysine-specific cross-linkers, both when immobilized on a succinoylated lectin matrix at a critically low density and also at a high density in solution. Analysis of the cross-linked complexes thus obtained led to the following inferences with regard to the structure of this protein. (1) Of the 15 lysine residues on each glucose oxidase protomer, none is available on the non-interfacial surfaces. (2) Assuming that this protein possesses C2 symmetry with isologous bonding between subunits, it may be inferred that on each promoter there are at least two lysine clusters along or close to the interprotomeric interface. (3) These "interfacial' lysine residues on each protomer are so oriented that the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues a and b on protomer 1 "face', and are very close to, the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues b' and a' respectively on protomer 2. General inferences on the geometry of dimeric proteins derivable from an analysis of the cross-linked complexes obtained (as well as those not seen) by using this low-density matrix cross-linking approach were enumerated. Modified lectin matrices may prove useful in studying the three-dimensional structure of glycoproteins, particularly non-crystallizable oligomers.
Human Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus (1982)

Journal Article Human Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Get access Steve Kohl Steve Kohl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 146, Issue 2, August 1982, Page 292, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/146.2.292 Published: 01 August 1982
Isomerization of Asp7 leads to increased toxic effect of amyloid-β42 on human neuronal cells (2013)

Isomerization of Asp7 leads to increased toxic effect of amyloid-β42 on human neuronal cells
Feeder-switch relocation for customer interruption cost minimization (2002)

Most electricity service interruptions are due to failures in the distribution network. In a competitive market, service quality and reliability have become an essential part of the business. In order to enhance the reliability in the distribution system, a value-based method is proposed in this paper to take load distribution changes into account and search for new locations of feeder sectionalizers such that the customer interruption costs (CIC) can be reduced. Two stages are involved in the search. Using local information, the first stage determines the search direction and, in the second stage, it decides whether a crossover of the load point is beneficial. To avoid being trapped in a local minimum, a mutation technique is also applied to look for the global optimum. Actual feeders were used in the tests and test results have shown that with a proper adjustment of the feeder sectionalizers, service reliability can be improved and the customer outage costs are reduced.
Adhesion-related readmissions following gynaecological laparoscopy or laparotomy in Scotland: an epidemiological study of 24 046 patients (2004)

With the exception of laparoscopic sterilizations, open and laparoscopic gynaecological surgery are associated with comparable risks of adhesion-related readmissions.
Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylates in an Ionic Liquid (2001)

The atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylates in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was investigated. The solubility of the acrylates in the ionic liquid depends on the substituent. The homogeneous polymerization of methyl acrylate gives polymers with M̄n close to the calculated value and relatively narrow polydispersity. In heterogeneous polymerizations of higher acrylates, with the catalyst present in the ionic liquid phase, deviations from ideal behavior are observed although the polymerization of butyl acrylate approaches the conditions of a controlled polymerization.
c‐Kit is preferentially expressed in <i>MYCN</i>‐amplified neuroblastoma and its effect on cell proliferation is inhibited <i>in vitro</i> by STI‐571 (2003)

Coexpression for c-Kit receptor and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) has been described in neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines and tumors, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop modulating tumor growth. We evaluated c-Kit and SCF expression by immunohistochemistry in a series of 75 primary newly diagnosed neuroblastic tumors. Immunostaining for c-Kit was found in 10/75 and for SCF in 17/75, with 5/10 c-Kit-positive tumors also expressing SCF. For both, c-Kit and SCF staining were predominantly found in the most aggressive subset of tumors, i.e., those amplified for MYCN: c-Kit was detected in 8/14 amplified vs. 2/61 single copy (p<0.001), and SCF in 9/14 amplified vs. 8/61 single copy tumors (p<0.001). Furthermore, the association of c-Kit expression with advanced stage (3 or 4) (p=0.001) and of SCF expression with adrenal primary (p=0.03) was substantiated. The in vitro activity of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI-571 (imatinib mesylate, Gleevec, Glivec) on NB cell lines positive or negative for c-Kit was also assessed. When cells were grown in 10% fetal calf serum, the 4 c-Kit-positive cell lines tested were sensitive to STI-571 growth inhibition to a different extent (ranging from 30 to 80%); also the c-Kit-negative cell line GI-CA-N was slightly affected, suggesting that other STI-571 targets operate in regulating NB proliferation. In addition, c-Kit-positive cell lines SK-N-BE2(c) and HTLA230, grown in SCF only, remained sensitive (40 and 70% of growth inhibition, respectively), while, in the same conditions, proliferation of the c-Kit-negative cell line GI-CA-N was not affected. Immunoprecipitation of c-Kit from cell lysates of SK-N-BE2(c) and HTLA230 cells grown in SCF and subsequent western blot analysis of the immunoprecipitates revealed a sharp decrease of c-Kit phosphorylation after STI-571 treatment. These data demonstrate that both c-Kit and SCF are preferentially expressed in vivo in the most aggressive neuroblastic tumors and that their signaling is active in promoting in vitro NB cell proliferation that can be selectively inhibited by treatment with STI-571.
Development of instrumentation for amperometric and coulometric detection using ultramicroelectrodes (2008)

In this work it is presented the development of a simple, portable and inexpensive instrumentation for amperometric and coulometric detection in different analytical instrumentation systems utilizing ultramicroelectrodes. The software, developed in LabVIEW 7.1TM, is capable to carry out three main detection techniques (amperometric, pulsed amperometric and coulometric detection) and a voltammetric technique (cyclic voltammetry). The instrumentation was successfully evaluated using the following systems: cyclic voltammograms of metallic electrodes in alkaline solutions, flow electrochemical detection of glucose and glycine and direct determination of herbicide glyphosate (electrochemical detection coupled to HPLC).
Generating a physical map of chromosome 11 (1994)

A four-hit chromosome-specific YAC library is being used to construct an overlapping YAC clone physical map of human chromosome 11. Each of the 1824 YAC clones have been sized by pulsed-field gel analysis with a resulting average insert size of 350 kb. Three hundred of the clones have been localized to a chromosome band by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We are using two complementary approaches to assemble YAC contigs: hybridization-based screening with Alu-PCR products and STS-based screening. Both screening approaches use pooling strategies to uniquely address each of the well locations with a minimum number of DNA pools. Since our main source of YAC clones is a chromosome specific library, the pool complexity is an order of magnitude smaller in comparison to total genomic libraries. Alu products with three different Alu primers were generated from both the monochromosomal J1 hybrid and individual YAC clones. YAC clones were chosen to generate probes using a sample without replacement strategy. Greater than 1700 YAC clones have been assembled into contigs. These initial contigs are estimated to be on average 1 Mb in size. Each of the contigs have been binned into a chromosomal band by virture of it containing YACs localized bymore » FISH or YACs positive for one or more mapped STSs. Confirmation of the contigs is being achieved with Line I fingerprinting. The initial contigs are currently being joined using probes derived from the YAC clone ends defining the outermost points in the contigs for hybridization of colony filters. Remaining gaps in the contigs will be joined using alternative large insert libraries.« less
Influence of the synthesis conditions on gallium sulfide thin films prepared by modulated flux deposition (2009)

Gallium sulfide thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by Modulated Flux Deposition (MFD). Using a low deposition rate (1 Å s−1), 100 nm thick layers were prepared at temperatures ranging from 450 to 150 °C with a variable supply of elemental sulfur. EDX analysis showed that these films approached the MX stoichiometry; they corresponded to sulfur-deficient GaS. By raising the availability of sulfur, the bandgap energy (Eg) was increased from 3.2 to 3.6 eV at 350 °C, while it remained constant (∼3.6 eV) at 150 °C; these high Eg values were mainly attributed to quantum size effects. Therefore, high-transmission GaS thin layers can be prepared at only 150 °C by MFD.
Reliability improvement of 980 nm laser diodes with a new facet passivation process (2002)

A newly developed facet passivation method producing highly reliable, high output power 980 nm InGaAs MQW laser diodes (LDs) is described. Even with facet cleavage in air, the devices exhibit a maximum output of 500 mW. Aging tests at 200-250 mW showed very good performance.
Structure and Immunological Characterization of the Capsular Polysaccharide of a Pyrogenic Liver Abscess Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (2011)

The active components of a primary pyrogenic liver abscess (PLA) Klebsiella pneumoniae in stimulating cytokine expression in macrophages are still unclear. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of PLA K. pneumoniae is important in determining clinical manifestations, and we have shown that it consists of repeating units of the trisaccharide (→3)-β-D-Glc-(1→4)-[2,3-(S)-pyruvate]-β-D-GlcA-(1→4)-α-L-Fuc-(1→) and has the unusual feature of extensive pyruvation of glucuronic acid and acetylation of C(2)-OH or C(3)-OH of fucose. We demonstrated that PLA K. pneumoniae CPS induces secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by macrophages through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and that this effect was lost when pyruvation and O-acetylation were chemically destroyed. Furthermore, expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in PLA K. pneumoniae CPS-stimulated macrophages was shown to be regulated by the TLR4/ROS/PKC-δ/NF-κB, TLR4/PI3-kinase/AKT/NF-κB, and TLR4/MAPK signaling pathways.
Studies in mass spectrometry. Part VII. Mass spectra of thiazoles (1966)

The mass spectra of 14 thiazoles are reported and discussed. These compounds give abundant molecular ions, and fragment in a specific manner which can aid structure elucidation of an unknown thiazole. If methyl and ester substituents are adjacent (at C-4 and C-5), this feature is revealed by an “ortho-effect” on electron impact.
Array Pattern Synthesis Using Digital Phase Control by Quantized Particle Swarm Optimization (2010)

A modified PSO algorithm called quantized PSO (QPSO) is described for the synthesis of antenna array patterns by digital phase shifters. The solution space of the QPSO algorithm is restricted to finite quantized integer values of the array phase coefficients. The QPSO search for an optimal solution within the available quantized values of the digital phase shifters to minimize the fitness function that includes the SLL value and interference suppression while maintains the main beam unchanged. The array factor is expressed using a linear transform based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) with pre-computed DCT matrix which allows a high speed computation of the fitness function. The results show better synthesis performance using QPSO, as compared to BPSO and efficient computation time for large arrays.
<title>Optimal design of an MR device</title> (2001)

This paper presents a formulation for the optimal design of MR dampers. MR materials are suspensions of magnetically soft particles in a hydraulic medium. The application of intense magnetic flux to these materials gives rise to a fibrated microstructure which, when sheared, resists flow with yielding and viscous mechanisms. The yield stress is controllable by the magnetic field and is completely and immediately reversible when the field is removed. Controllable MR dampers utilizing MR materials entails a magnetic circuit consisting of a coil and low-permeability magnetic material to contain and guides the magnetic field.
Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive dextran hydrogels as a potential colon-specific drug delivery system (1999)

pH-Sensitive dextran hydrogels were prepared by activation of dextran (T-70) with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate, followed by conjugation of the activated dextran with 4-aminobutyric acid and cross-linking with 1,10-diaminodecane. The cross-linking efficiencies determined by mechanical measurements were in the range of 52-63%. Incorporation of carboxylpropyl groups in dextran hydrogels led to a higher equilibrium and faster swelling under high pH conditions. The swelling reversibility of hydrogels was also observed after repeated changes in buffers between pH 2.0 and 7.4. The slow rates of swelling and deswelling in response to changes in pH were attributed to the hydrophilic nature of dextran and formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of dextran with water molecules. The pronounced effect of carboxylic acid content on degradation of hydrogels was observed after 4 h of incubation with dextranase and the influence significantly decreased after exposure to the enzyme for 8 h. The mechanism of bulk degradation of hydrogels under high swelling extent was substantiated using Coomassie blue protein assay. The release rate of bovine serum albumin from hydrogels was primarily determined by the swelling extent. The release rate was further enhanced by addition of dextranase in buffer solutions.
A Phosphorous Additive for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2008)

Triphenyl phosphite (TPPi) is reported as a phosphorous additive for lithium-ion batteries. It is found that TPPi can depress the flammability of electrolyte. Moreover, a passivation layer formed on the surface of the electrode as the cell was overcharged in the electrolyte containing TPPi. TPPi can be used as an additive for the overcharge protection of cathode for lithium-ion batteries. The cycle performance of the cell decreases slightly in the electrolyte containing TPPi after 40 cycles.
SPACE-TA (2017)

Data quality and budget are two primary concerns in urban-scale mobile crowdsensing. Traditional research on mobile crowdsensing mainly takes sensing coverage ratio as the data quality metric rather than the overall sensed data error in the target-sensing area. In this article, we propose to leverage spatiotemporal correlations among the sensed data in the target-sensing area to significantly reduce the number of sensing task assignments. In particular, we exploit both intradata correlations within the same type of sensed data and interdata correlations among different types of sensed data in the sensing task. We propose a novel crowdsensing task allocation framework called SPACE-TA (SPArse Cost-Effective Task Allocation) , combining compressive sensing, statistical analysis, active learning, and transfer learning, to dynamically select a small set of subareas for sensing in each timeslot (cycle), while inferring the data of unsensed subareas under a probabilistic data quality guarantee. Evaluations on real-life temperature, humidity, air quality, and traffic monitoring datasets verify the effectiveness of SPACE-TA. In the temperature-monitoring task leveraging intradata correlations, SPACE-TA requires data from only 15.5% of the subareas while keeping the inference error below 0.25°C in 95% of the cycles, reducing the number of sensed subareas by 18.0% to 26.5% compared to baselines. When multiple tasks run simultaneously, for example, for temperature and humidity monitoring, SPACE-TA can further reduce ∼10% of the sensed subareas by exploiting interdata correlations.
β-Sitosterol Induced Growth Inhibition is Associated with Up-regulation of Cdk Inhibitor p21<sup>WAF1/CIP1</sup>in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2004)

β-Sitosterol은 과일과 야채 등을 포함한 대부분의 고등식물에 존재하는 중요한 phytosterol의 하나로서, 인체 암의 예방과 치료에 매우 유효한 것으로 보고되어져 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 β-sitosterol의 암세포 증식억제 기전의 해석을 시도하기 위하여 인체 대장암세포 HCT116의 증식에 미치는 β-sitosterol의 영향을 조사하였다. β-Sitosterol의 처리로 HCT116 암세포의 증식은 처리 농도 의존적으로 감소되었으며, 특히 7.5 μM 이상 처리에서는 급격한 성장억제 효과가 있었다. 또한 5.0 μM 처리군에서부터 apoptotic body의 형성이 관찰되었고, β-catenin 단백질의 분해 현상과 연관성이 있었다. 그리고 β-sitosterol이 처리된 암세포에서는 종양억제 유전자 p53 및 Cdk inhibitor p21의 발현이 전사 및 번역 수준에서 모두 증가되었다. 본 결과는 그동안 연구가 거의 진행되어져 있지 않았던 β-sitosterol에 의한 암세포주기 조절 해석을 위한 주요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.
Spin distribution in plastically deformed Fe - Al intermetallic compounds II (1997)

The spin distribution in plastically deformed Fe - Al intermetallic compounds with the compositions of 30 and 35 at.% Al has been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements with high magnetic field. Ferromagnetic clusters along the antiphase boundary (APB) between superpartial dislocations exist even below the freezing temperature and has a strong uniaxial anisotropy. The anisotropy is so strong that the magnetization does not saturate at 4.2 K even with an applied field of . The ferromagnetic APB ribbon enhances the neighbouring Fe moments and changes them to the ferromagnetic state. The magnitude of magnetic moments in the APB ribbon is and that of the neighbouring Fe atoms decreases with the distance from the ferromagnetic APB ribbon. The experimental results support our model as the origin of the spin glass in Fe - Al compounds; the paramagnetic state changes to the spin glass under the competition of two clusters with different directions of easy magnetization below the freezing temperature.