gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Protocol Analysis (1993)

Over the past 8 years, The TextLab Research Group within the Department of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina has developed a collection of tools and techniques for recording users' interactions with graphics-based direct manipulation computer systems in machine-readable form and for automatically analyzing and displaying those data. This article describes these tools, discusses their methodological context, and considers their implications for software design and studies of human-computer interaction. Tools discussed include the following: tracking users' behaviors and producing a machine-recorded protocol at the level of users' actions, replaying users' sessions from the protocol data, modeling users' strategies using formal cognitive grammars, analyzing user sessions by parsing them with the grammars, and displaying results in visual form- both static and animated- to facilitate interpretation and understanding by researchers. These tools are placed in a methodological context by reviewing issues associated with concurrent think-aloud, keystroke, X-Windows, and video protocols; other support systems for working with these forms of protocol data are also reviewed. The discussion concludes with our reflections on the methodology and its application to computer systems and research objectives different from our own.
Controlled rolling of plates with forced-water cooling during rolling (1981)

To reduce the long processing time in the controlled rolling of plate in one-stand reversible rolling mills, water cooling can be used. Experiments in both a pilot plant and a production mill showed no significant change in bulk mechanical properties if heavy water cooling was used during the holding period, but a thin surface layer with a very fine-grained structure was found. This surface effect is not believed to affect the bulk properties, except at very low finish-rolling temperatures, where there is a risk of tensile stresses occurring at the surface. Water cooling can also be used during the roughing stage. This method gave an even shorter processing time and no surface effects, but the toughness deteriorated somewhat. Controlled rolling with water cooling during rolling is believed to be suitable when rolling short runs of many different products.
Sorbitol Versus Sucrose as Photosynthesis and Translocation Products in Developing Apricot Leaves (1985)

Very young apricot leaves behave like the young leaves of most plants; that is, [14C]sucrose is formed as the main product of 14CO2 photosynthesis, and also when the leaves are supplied with [14C]glucose. [14C]sorbitol is not produced, and is poorly metabolized when fed to the leaf. Expanding leaves behave differently: [14C]sorbitol and [14C]sucrose are formed in similar amounts from both 14CO2 and [14C]glucose; and when [14C]sorbitol is supplied, it is readily metabolized and utilized for growth. Mature leaves are different again. They form [14C]sorbitol as the main product from 14CO2 and from [14C]glucose, and they do not metabolize [14C]sorbitol at all. Thus during development, apricot leaves gain but then lose the ability to utilize sorbitol. They also gain and keep the ability to synthesize sorbitol. This suggests that different biochemical paths exist for sorbitol formation and utilization, and that these paths are differently developed in the various stages of leaf development. Although the very young leaves did not synthesize sorbitol from CO2 or glucose, they contained it as their major sugar. Translocation behaviour was therefore studied. Neither the very young leaves nor the expanding leaves export any photosynthate, but the mature leaf rapidly translocates carbohydrate, mainly in the form of sorbitol, to the younger leaves as well as the rest of the plant. [14C]sorbitol supplied to the mature leaf can be recovered in that form from the very young leaf on the same shoot. This further establishes the role of sorbitol in apricot as a specific transport carbohydrate.
Investigation of fluorescence spectra disturbances influencing the classification performance of fluorescently labeled plastic flakes (2013)

The recycling of plastic products becomes increasingly attractive not only from an environmental point of view, but also economically. For recycled (engineering) plastic products with the highest possible quality, plastic sorting technologies must provide clean and virtually mono-fractional compositions from a mixture of many different types of (shredded) plastics. In order to put this high quality sorting into practice, the labeling of virgin plastics with specific fluorescent markers at very low concentrations (ppm level or less) during their manufacturing process is proposed. The emitted fluorescence spectra represent optical fingerprints" - each being unique for a particular plastic - which we use for plastic identification and classification purposes. In this study we quantify the classification performance using our prototype measurement system and 15 different plastic types when various influence factors most relevant in practice cause disturbances of the fluorescence spectra emitted from the labeled plastics. The results of these investigations help optimize the development and incorporation of appropriate fluorescent markers as well as the classification algorithms and overall measurement system in order to achieve the lowest possible classification error rates.
Quantum Adiabatic Computation and the Travelling Salesman Problem (2006)

The NP-complete problem of the travelling salesman (TSP) is considered in the framework of quantum adiabatic computation (QAC). We first derive a remarkable lower bound for the computation time for adiabatic algorithms in general as a function of the energy involved in the computation. Energy, and not just time and space, must thus be considered in the evaluation of algorithm complexity, in perfect accordance with the understanding that all computation is physical. We then propose, with oracular Hamiltonians, new quantum adiabatic algorithms of which not only the lower bound in time but also the energy requirement do not increase exponentially in the size of the input. Such an improvement in both time and energy complexity, as compared to all other existing algorithms for TSP, is apparently due to quantum entanglement. We also appeal to the general theory of Diophantine equations in a speculation on physical implementation of those oracular Hamiltonians.
Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine (1995)

Microdialysis in behaving animals was used to concomitantly characterize the dopamine and 5-HT responses in the caudate and the norepinephrine response in the hippocampus to the D- and L-isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Doses of all four drugs which promoted similar stereotypy responses produced a D-amphetamine-like response profile of dopamine and dopamine metabolites, suggesting that all these drugs interact with dopamine systems to facilitate the release of transmitter. However, in contrast to the similar behavioral profiles, the magnitude of the dopamine responses diverged significantly. In addition, all four drugs increased extracellular norepinephrine and 5-HT, but the relative responses differed markedly from dopamine and from each other. The contrasting structure-activity relationships for these drugs likely reflect their differential potency at the various neuronal uptake transporters in promoting either transmitter release, and/or uptake blockade. In addition, the interaction of each drug at the vesicular transporters, as well as the availability of a cytoplasmic pool of transmitter likely also contribute to the neurotransmitter response. Because of the particularly divergent transmitter response profiles exhibited by L-methamphetamine, its behavioral and neurotransmitter effects were characterized over a more extended range of doses. Although the duration of the increase in extracellular dopamine was clearly proportional to dose, the dose-dependent increases in the magnitude of the dopamine response did not parallel the behavioral profiles. The results of these studies indicate that, while the dopamine, norepinephrine and 5-HT responses to these drugs probably contribute to the expression of stimulant-induced behaviors, simple relationships between the neurotransmitter responses and the behavioral profiles were not evident.
Interactions of Fats and Fatty Acids as Energy Sources for the Chick (1964)

FATS and fatty acids, like other feedstuff ingredients used as energy sources for the growing chick, have been assigned metabolizable energy (M.E.) values which are widely used in the formulation of rations. Experimental findings by Sibbald et al. (1960, 1961) seemed to raise doubts, however, about the applicability of published M.E. values for individual fatty substances in mixtures of different kinds of fats. They found that a 50/50 mixture by weight of soybean oil, having an M.E. value of 8.46 Cal./g., and tallow, M.E. 6.94 Cal./g., had an M.E. value of 8.41 Cal./g. Simple arithmetic indicated that the M.E. of the tallow in the mixture must have ben raised to 8.36 Cal./g., and it was postulated that the non-degummed soybean oil might have contained a factor, such as phospholipids, which increased the digestibility of the tallow. Although other reports (Pepper et al., 1962; Dangoumau and Debruyne, 1963) have failed to…
REF?K HAL?T KARAY?IN ?GURBET H?KYELER?? ESER?NDE NE IKAN TEMALARPROMINENT THEMES IN REFIK HALIT KARAY'S WORK ?STORIES FROM FOREIGN LANDS (2019)

Refik Halit Karay, considered as one of the important figures in the field of story of Turkish literature, is an artist who has woven his works with ideas, criticism and humor. Refik Halit's “Stories from Foreign Lands” is a product of the years he lived in exile. In these stories based on observation, the author has used the life, habits, customs and traditions of the country in many ways in his storyline. In his stories, he included the longing of the individual in exile to his homeland and his mother tongue.The stories were studied in six headings under the themes of “Nomadic life”, “Foreign land”, “Longing”, “Country”, “War” and “Women”. In addition, the sources that nourish the author's understanding of art, his moral and material difficulties and the years he spent in exile were mentioned.The article is a thematic study related to the work, and is limited to the author's work of “Stories from Foreign Lands”. With the article, it is aimed to contribute to the studies to be conducted in the field in the future. The themes that stand out in the stories have revealed that the stories are parallel to the realities of the time
The role of a 5α-hydroxylated intermediate in the formation of the 5, 6-double bond in cholesterol biosynthesis (1975)

If the biological conversion of cholest-7-en-3beta-ol (I) into cholesterol (IV) occurred thorugh the intermediacy of cholest-7-ene-3beta,5alpha-diol (II) then the factor(s) adversely affecting the convwesion of the 5alpha-hydroxy sterol (II) into cholesterol must at least equally adversely affect the formation of cholesterol from cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. By using partial denaturation techniquws and dual-labelled precursors it was shown that the enzyme system responsible for the conversion of the 5alpha-hydroxy sterol (II) into cholesterol denatured faster than that for the corresponding conversion from cholest-7-en-3beta-ol (I).
An approach to integrate translation memory in MT system for English to Indian language (2015)

Although there is a requirement for English to Indian language translation, there are no proper and enough tools for the translators to use, because of the complexities involved in it. The research in developing Machine translation systems is going on but they are not yet to the stage of product or useful systems development. Major reason is the word level, phrase level and semantic level translation complexities involved because of the different cultures and use of the languages and non availability of good quality Translation Memories. Translation memories are widely used by translation industry because of their ease of use, ability to create glossaries, terminologies and phrasal dictionaries in a domain. It also helps maintain writing styles throughout the series of documents. Also, Human Machine Interface is better for human translators. On the other hand Machine Translation (MT) systems when tuned properly produce better translations for simpler sentences. Complex and compound sentences are difficult for MT to translate solely by machines. Post editing by human is required. This paper proposes integration of these two methods to get the respective advantages of both the systems providing better translation support systems for translators to work faster without compromising quality and help human translator to maintain proper writing styles intact. The concept was validated with a small experiment using a widely used TM tool (Wordfast) and English to Indian Language Rule Based Machine Translation system provided by IIT Kanpur.
Image Acquisition and Segmentation for Ceramic Bearing Ball Surface Inspection System (2006)

Surface and subsurface defects in ceramic bearing balls significantly affect ball strength and lifetime. A brief review of nondestructive evaluation technologies on hybrid bearing balls was presented. An automatic ceramic bearing ball surface inspection system based on computer image technology was developed. Various surface defects were imaged by microscope and image digitizer on a novel ball surface unfolding mechanism. Top-hat and logarithm transformations were applied to eliminate uneven lighting disturbance. An automatic seeded region growing algorithm based on histogram concavity analyses and Otsu's method was developed for defects segmentation. The results show that the experimental system is effective for ceramic ball surface and subsurface defects detection.
Measurement and Correlation of the Ionic Conductivity of Ionic Liquid‐Molecular Solvent Solutions (2007)

Abstract The ionic conductivity of the solutions formed from 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF 4 ]) or 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF 6 ]) and different molecular solvents (MSs) were measured at 298.15 K. The molar conductivity of the ionic liquids (ILs) increased dramatically with increasing concentration of the MSs. It was found that the molar conductivity of the IL in the solutions studied in this work could be well correlated by the molar conductivity of the neat ILs and the dielectric constant and molar volume of the MSs.
Correlation Between Simultaneous Scintigraphic and Ultrasonographic Measurement of Gastric Emptying in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2003)

The use of standardized real-time ultrasonography to determine the gastric emptying rate of semisolid meals in diabetic patients, with the use of the change in gastric antral cross-sectional area in a single section of the stomach 15 and 90 minutes postprandially, offers a valid method for clinical practice.
The Use of Inorganic Fertilizers for the Production of Pines in the Forest Nursery (1972)

(1972). The Use of Inorganic Fertilizers for the Production of Pines in the Forest Nursery. South African Forestry Journal: Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 2-6.
Decrease and dysfunction of dendritic cells correlate with impaired hepatitis C virus‐specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T‐cell proliferation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection (2007)

Through the production of stimulatory and suppressive cytokines, dendritic cells (DCs) regulate virus-specific immune responses that are crucial to virus eradication. To explore a possible role of DCs in the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in this study we analysed peripheral blood DCs (PBDCs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) compared with those in both healthy seronegative (HSN) controls and a group of subjects who had spontaneously resolved infection, defined as healthy HCV-seropositive (HSP), and we evaluated the relationships between PBDCs and HCV-specific CD4(+) T-cell reactivity. The number of PBDCs, their immunophenotype and expression of regulatory cytokines were evaluated by flow cytometry on whole-blood samples. HCV-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation, proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated in vitro with HCV peptides. We found that PBDCs from CHC subjects were numerically reduced and showed lower interleukin-12 (IL-12) and higher IL-10 expression than those from HSN controls. PBDCs from HSP subjects were similar to those from HSN controls. HCV-specific CD4(+) T-cell proliferation was less frequent and vigorous in CHC than in HSP patients and was directly related to the number of PBDCs and their IL-12 production but inversely related to their IL-10 production. Taken together, these results seem to suggest that cytokines of DC origin contribute to the regulation of HCV-specific immunity in CHC patients and indicate that PBDCs may represent a novel non-invasive tool for immune monitoring of these patients.
Patterns of DNA sequence polymorphism at <i>Sod</i> vicinities in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> : Unraveling the footprint of a recent selective sweep (2003)

We survey DNA sequence polymorphisms at the Sod locus and four neighboring regions of Drosophila melanogaster, spanning 55,513 base pairs (bp), in 15 strains from a natural population, plus one reference laboratory strain and one strain of Drosophila simulans. Our objective is to characterize a proposed selective sweep that occurred at a locus close to Sod in D. melanogaster and to characterize the strength of the selection event, its time, and the size of the hitchhiked region. Two regions, 1819 and 6kbr3r, show a pattern of polymorphism very similar to the one of Sod, implying that they have been affected by the same evolutionary process that impacted Sod. A third fragment, 2021 seems unaffected by the event. A fourth one, 4039, on the opposite flank of Sod in relation to 2021, is only partially affected. We estimate that the length of the chromosomal segment impacted by the selective sweep is 41-54 kb, the age of the selective sweep is 2,600-22,000 years, and the selective advantage is 0.020 < s < 0.103.
The binding of human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor to heparin and heparan sulfate: importance of 2-O-sulfate groups and effect on its interaction with its receptor, GFRalpha1 (2003)

We report ELISA studies of the glycosaminoglycan binding properties of recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We demonstrate relatively high affinity binding as soluble heparin competes with an IC50 of 0.1 micro g/ml. The binding of GDNF to heparin is particularly dependent on the presence of 2-O-sulfate groups. Highly sulfated heparan sulfate is also an effective competitor for GDNF binding. We also show that heparin at low concentrations protects GDNF from proteolytic modification by an endoprotease and also promotes the binding of GDNF to its receptor polypeptide, GFRalpha1. In both of these actions, 2-O-desulfated heparin is less effective. Considered overall, these findings provide strong support for a hypothesis that the bioactivity of GDNF during prenatal development is essentially dependent on the binding of this growth factor to 2-O-sulfate-rich heparin-related glycosaminoglycan.
Logarithmic CMOS image sensor through multi-resolution analog-to-digital conversion (2004)

In this paper we present a CMOS image sensor design with a better sensitivity to low light intensity. This feature is achieved through a multi-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC). By doing so, the opto-electrical characteristic of a sensor cell can be finely tuned. A cost-effective architecture for realizing the required ADC is also proposed. This architecture leads to a faster conversion time as well as a smaller area. A simulation environment with post-layout accuracy is incorporated to demonstrate the advantages. It shows that a number of images can be captured more clearly than a traditional sensor.
Modeling, Identification, Design, and Implementation of Nonlinear Automotive Idle Speed Control Systems—An Overview (2007)

Automotive idle speed control (ISC) is one of the most challenging aspects in engine control fields. Essentially it is a highly nonlinear, time-varying, complicated, and uncertain dynamic control problem. As the typical automotive transient operation, the quality of the ISC has a significant impact on fuel economy, emission levels (HC, CO, and NOx), combustion stability, transient response, and noise, vibration, and harshness characteristics. This paper presents a thorough review of various dynamic control technologies which have been successfully applied to ISC systems. In particular, practical implementations on a variety of different engine types are provided, which cover broad areas of control, including classical control, modern control, and intelligent control. Over 90 selected papers published during the last two decades are reviewed and then summarized from a control point of view. These control approaches can be generalized to the control of other automotive, electrical, mechanical, and aeronautical systems.
Parameter estimation and confidence intervals for Xe-CT ventilation studies: a Monte Carlo approach (1998)

Xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) is a technique for the noninvasive measurement of regional pulmonary ventilation from the washin and/or washout time constants of radiodense stable xenon gas, determined from serial computed tomography scans. Although the measurement itself is straightforward, there is a need for methods for the estimation of variability and confidence intervals so that the statistical significance of the information obtained may be evaluated, particularly since obtaining repeated measurements is often not practical. We present a Monte Carlo (MC) approach to determine the 95% confidence interval (CI) for any given measurement. This MC method was characterized in terms of its unbiasedness and coverage of the CI. In addition, 10 identical Xe-CT ventilation runs were performed in an anesthetized dog, and the time constant was determined for several regions of varying size in each run. The 95% CI, estimated from these repeated measurements as the mean +/- 2 x SE, compared favorably with the CI obtained by the MC approach. Finally, a simulation was performed to compare the performance of three imaging protocols in estimating model parameters.
On the Optimal Current Followers for Wide-Swing Current-Efficient Amplifiers (2018)

The design of various current followers for the implementation of OTAs with high slew rate and current efficiency is addressed. Two basic current follower topologies are compared, and modifications of both followers to improve these parameters are presented. As an application example, an enhanced recycling folded cascode OTA is proposed. Measurement results of the OTA fabricated in a 0.5 μm CMOS process show a 260% and 180% improvement in SR and GBW, respectively, for the same power consumption.