gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brefeldin a decreases the activity of the general amino acid permease (GAP1) and the more specific systems for L-leucine uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2006)

Brefeldin A is a commonly used antifungal agent that reversibly blocks protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. In this study, we aimed to characterize L-leucine uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of brefeldin A. For this purpose, we used a synthetic medium, containing L-proline and the detergent SDS, which allows the agent to permeate into the yeast cell. The results obtained with a wild type strain and a gap1 mutant indicate that BFA causes either direct or indirect modification of the transport and/or processing of L-leucine permeases. The presence of BFA affects the kinetic parameter values for L-leucine uptake and decreases not only the uptake mediated by the general system (GAP1), but also that through the specific BAP2 (S1) and/or S2 systems.
THE ROLE OF PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 IN EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS (2006)

Premature intracellular activation of digestive zymogens is regarded as an initial and initiating event for acute pancreatitis. While the activation of proteolytic zymogens was shown in numerous studies, the role of other digestive enzymes is much less clear. Several authors have suggested that Phosholipase A2 is responsible for proteolytic injury of pancreatic acini. However, earlier studies have never investigated the role of the ancreatic secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2, type 1b) in contrast to the well known and studied leukocyte PLA2, (PLA2, type 2a). Pancreatic secretory-PLA2-deficient mice were generated by targeted disruption of the PLA2 gene (Gastroenterology 2001; 120:1193-1202). Acute pancreatitis was induced by 7 hourly injections of caerulein (50μg/h, i.p.). Control mice received i.p. saline. Activities of amylase, lipase, myeloperoxidase, trypsin and PLA2 were enzymatically measured with specific substrates. Histological evaluation of pancreatic injury was performed after H&E staining, and apoptosis was analysed by 3-OH nick-end labelling. Pancreatic edema was calculated as ratio of pancreatic wet weight to body mass. CCK-induced necrosis in isolated acinar cells was measured by propidium iodide inclusion. PLA2 expression and PLA2 activity was absent in PLA2-KO animals. In wild type animals we detected a high PLA2 basal activity with a 3-fold increase after supramaximal caerulein stimulation. As an endogenous activator of PLA2 we identified Cathepsin L. Supramaximal caerulein stimulation induced early pancreatic injury as indicated by high levels of serum amylase and lipase in wild-type mice but there was no significant difference in comparison to knock-out animals. The pancreatic inflammatory reaction indicated by myeloperoxidase levels and CD45 staining was reduced; in parallel we detected a 7 fold increase in the rate of apoptosis in PLA2 KO animals. Isolated acinar cells from both animal groups showed no difference in CCK-induced necrosis or trypsin activity. Our data clearly indicate that activation of the secretory pancreatic pro-PLA2 plays a role in mediating the systemic inflammatory response, but has little or no impact on the initiation or propagation of the digestive enzyme activation cascade in pancreatic acini eventually leading to cell necrosis. The deletion of PLA2 leads to a shift of cell death from predominantly necrosis to apoptosis.
Prevalence of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in Poorly Controlled Asthma—Results from the ALA-ACRC Low-Dose Theophylline Trial (2007)

In a study comparing low-dose theophylline to montelukast in poorly controlled asthmatics, 285 subjects consented to be screened for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Of the 284 for which complete data was available, 10.5% carried a deficiency gene and 2.4% were mildly deficient with an alpha-1 antitrypsin serum level of less than 20 mu M. In the non-African-American cohort, an abnormal phenotype occurred in 12% and 2.9% were mildly deficient. Baseline pulmonary function and asthma scores were not significantly different between those with normal and abnormal AAT phenotype. However those with the deficiency tended to show a greater bronchodilator response.
Fourth Order Corrections to Meson-Nucleon Scattering in Pseudoscalar Meson Theory (1954)

The low-energy $S$- and $P$-wave phase shifts for meson-nucleon scattering in the relativistic pseudoscalar coupling theory are calculated in perturbation theory to fourth order in the coupling constant. A comparison is made of the complete relativistic theory and the nonrelativistic approximation to it, obtained by use of the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation, via a comparison of the low-energy scattering predicted by both theories. It is concluded that the $S$-wave scattering is similar in the two theories but that the $P$-wave scattering is very different in the two theories in fourth order. An analysis of the sources of the differences between the two theories is made by calculating the fourth order scattering in a version of the relativistic theory in which all effects due to the production of pairs are eliminated.An investigation is made of the nature and possible validity of the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Two possible viewpoints with respect to this approximation are developed, and the extent to which the Tamm-Dancoff method is applicable to the pseudoscalar coupling theory according to these two points of view is determined, insofar as the low-energy calculations of this paper allow.
Analysis of losses in supersonic mixing and reacting flows (1991)

A method for analyzing flow losses and thrust potential in supersonic combustors is presented. This method relies on a complete and consistent one-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional flow-field. Numerical results for flush wall fuel injection into a Mach 3 flow are examined and comparisons are made with experimental measurements of fuel concentration. Mixing results for a swept injection ramp, a straight (unswept) injection ramp, and a thirty degree downstream-directed flush wall jet in the same combustor duct are analyzed. The flow loss/thrust potential of the flush wall jet and the swept ramp are investigated (based on reacting solutions) using computed combustor effectiveness. The wall jet displays slightly higher thrust potential than the swept ramp at the end of the combustor.
Water structure and dynamics in H3PW12O40.nH2O and H3PMo12O40.nH2O: a deuterium magnetic resonance study (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater structure and dynamics in H3PW12O40.nH2O and H3PMo12O40.nH2O: a deuterium magnetic resonance studyG. Chidichimo, A. Golemme, D. Imbardelli, and E. SantoroCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 17, 6826–6830Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100380a052https://doi.org/10.1021/j100380a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Natural History of Revolution: Violence and Nature in the French Revolutionary Imagination, 1789-1794, by Mary Ashburn Miller (2012)

Journal Article A Natural History of Revolution: Violence and Nature in the French Revolutionary Imagination, 1789–1794, by Mary Ashburn Miller Get access A Natural History of Revolution: Violence and Nature in the French Revolutionary Imagination, 1789–1794, by Mary Ashburn Miller (Ithaca: Cornell U.P., 2011; pp. xv + 231. $45). David Andress David Andress University of Portsmouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXVII, Issue 525, April 2012, Pages 458–460, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ces029 Published: 01 April 2012
Contraction map methods for discrete rational Chebychev approximation (1973)

Generalizations of H. L. Loeb's dynamic programming algorithm' for rational Chebychev approximation are discussed and conditions for monotone convergence of the sequence of deviations are derived. Implementation strategies to insure feasibility and possible modifications to produce super linear convergence are included.
Use of the information contents of scattered photons in SPECT by simultaneous reconstruction from multiple energy windows (1994)

Conventional wisdom has been that scattered photons contain no useful information and should be removed from the projection data. However, inspection of the scatter response function (SRF) shows that it has a sharply peaked component, indicating that scattered photons do carry some spatial information. In this work we demonstrate that, combined with iterative reconstruction methods and an accurate model of the SRF, this information can be useful in improving SPECT image quality. We have extended a previously described method for estimating the spatially variant SRF, slab derived scatter estimation (SDSE), to lower energy windows. The method was verified by comparison with MC simulated projection data. Noise-free projection data were simulated using SDSE for a 140 keV primary energy window and stored din seven consecutive 7 keV wide energy windows spanning the range 105-154KeV and a conventional 20% wide photopeak window (126-154 keV). First the data from each energy window were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction methods and a projector-backprojector modeling only attenuation and collimator-detector response. In this case the image quality decreases with decreasing energy, with the images from the lowest energy windows having very poor quality. Similarly, images were reconstructed using interative reconstruction methods and a projector-backprojector modeling the SRFmore » in each energy window. While the images form the lower energy windows are still poorer, the image features are clearly recognizable. This indicates that the data from the lower energy window contain useful information which, if properly modeled, can be recovered. Finally, we reconstructed an image simultaneously from all of the 7 keV wide energy windows using iterative reconstruction methods.« less
Comparative genomic analysis of six Glossina genomes, vectors of African trypanosomes (2019)

Expanded genomic discoveries reveal the genetics underlying Glossina biology and provide a rich body of knowledge for basic science and disease control. They also provide insight into the evolutionary biology underlying novel adaptations and are relevant to applied aspects of vector control such as trap design and discovery of novel pest and disease control strategies.
Immunological characterization of abnormal prion protein from atypical scrapie cases in sheep using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (2006)

After the implementation of an active surveillance programme for scrapie in sheep in the EU, the number of diagnosed classical scrapie cases rose sharply and a novel kind of so-called atypical scrapie case was discovered. These atypical scrapie cases display unusual features concerning the distribution of the abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the brain, a distinct electrophoretic profile of PrP(Sc) and an inconsistent reaction pattern in the currently used rapid tests. In this report, PrP(Sc) of two German atypical sheep scrapie cases was characterized by epitope mapping using a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies that were directed against epitopes located throughout the prion protein. This analysis suggests that PrP(Sc) derived from atypical scrapie cases and treated with proteinase K is largely composed of an 11 kDa fragment (previously referred to as the 12 kDa band) and of polymeric fragments thereof. The 11 kDa band corresponds to a prion protein fragment spanning approximately aa 90-153 and may therefore represent a novel PrP(Sc) type.
A new distributed route selection approach for channel establishment in real-time networks (1999)

We propose a new distributed route selection approach, called parallel probing, for real-time channel establishment in a point-to-point network. The existing distributed routing algorithms fall into two major categories: preferred neighbor based or flooding based. The preferred neighbor approach offers a better call acceptance rate, whereas the flooding approach is better in terms of call setup time and routing distance. The proposed approach attempts to combine the benefits of both preferred neighbor and flooding approaches in a way to improve all the three performance metrics simultaneously. This is achieved by probing k different paths in parallel, for a channel, by employing different heuristics on each path. Also, the proposed approach uses a notion called intermediate destinations (IDs), which are subset of nodes along the least-cost path between source and destination of a call, in order to reduce the excessive resource reservations while probing for a channel by releasing unused resources between IDs and initiating parallel probes at every ID. Further, it has the flexibility of adapting to different load conditions by its nature of using different heuristics in parallel, and hence, a path found for a channel would have different segments (a segment is a path between two successive IDs), and each of these segments would very well be selected by different heuristics. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been studied through simulation for well-known network topologies for a wide range of quality-of-service and traffic parameters. The simulation results reveal that the average call acceptance rate offered by the proposed route-selection approach is better than that of both the flooding and preferred neighbor approaches, and the average call setup time and routing distance offered by it are very close to that of the flooding approach.
<title>Experimental characterization of Fresnel zone plate for hard x-ray applications</title> (1991)

A series of experimental measurements was conducted for the characterization of a transmission circular zone plate. The zone plate (ZP), with a primary focal length of 40 cm for 8 keV photons, was illuminated by monochromatized synchrotron x rays. Focusing efficiency of the ZP was measured as a function of x-ray energy between 5 - 1 keV, from which the ZP thickness was determined. Focal spot sizes at the first, second, and third order focus were measured, and they agreed very well with the calculated values. Images of a 1000 mesh/inch gold grid were also obtained at the three focal planes. The grid scans indicated that the spatial resolution is about 2 (mu) in the image obtained at the third order focus.
DC transformer for DC/DC connection in HVDC network (2013)

This paper presents the modeling and control of a multilevel DC/DC bidirectional converter suitable for medium voltage and power applications, with a special interest in wind-power applications. The proposed multilevel topology has a modular structure constituted by base DC/DC converter cells. The multilevel converter is consequently based on Dual Active Bridge (DAB). The overall control of the DC/DC converter is achieved by using a nonlinear control based in Lyapunov theory.
Optical frequency measurements at BNM-SYRTE (2004)

DOI: 10.1049/cp:20040902 ISBN: 0-86341-384-6 Location: Guildford, UK Conference date: 5-7 April 2004 Format: PDF We report on recent progress toward high stability transfer of microwave frequencies to optical frequencies using a femtosecond laser. Inspec keywords: frequency measurement; fibre lasers; optical variables measurement Subjects: Optical variables measurement; Frequency measurement; Fibre lasers and amplifiers
Solid Reference Electrode of SO<SUB>2</SUB> Sensor Using &beta;-Alumina Solid Electrolyte (1984)

The present study was undertaken to find any available solid reference electrode for SO2 sensor employing β-alumina solid electrolyte. We proposed two reference electrodes, Au+Au2Na and (β+β″)-alumina, for such a sensor.Emf measurements of the following cells were performed to investigate the characteristics of the two sodium reference electrodes:Mo, Na(l) / β″-alumina / Au+Au2Na(s), MoPt, Au+Au2Na(s) / β″-alumina / SO2+SO3+O2, PtPt, (β+β″)-alumina in air / β″-alumina / SO2+SO3+O2, PtThe results indicate that constant sodium activities in these reference electrodes are maintained for a long duration of the experiment. It is concluded that the use of Au+Au2Na and(β+β″)-alumina reference electrodes is recommended for the SO2 sensor employing β″-alumina, β-alumina or other sodium ion solid electrolytes.
An introduction to the mathematics of neurons (1986)

Neurons, or nerve cells, are basic timers in our bodies; they also play a central role in storing and processing information in our brains. This book introduces neuron physiology and some mathematical methods that can help us to understand how neurons work. The author's aim is to uncover frequency-response properties of neurons and to show that neural networks can support stable patterns of synchronized firing. He does this using a novel electrical circuit model of a neuron, called VCON, which shares many features with the Hodgkin-Huxley model, though it is much simpler to study. This makes the book suitable for advanced undergraduate or new graduate students studying mathematical biology. Indeed the book grew from such a course taught at the University of Utah. The only prerequisites are basic calculus, differential equations and matrix algebra. Problems (some with solutions) are provided at the end of each chapter; they range from simple illustrative exercises to more challenging extensions of the text. Some projects, often involving microcomputers, are also suggested.
BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF VIRUSES IN THE GENUS <i>TENUIVIRUS</i> (1998)

Viruses in the genus Tenuivirus (Tenuiviruses) cause a number of important diseases in economically important crop plants including rice and maize. Tenuiviruses are transmitted from plant to plant by specific planthopper vectors, and their transmission relationship is circulative-propagative. Thus, Tenuiviruses have host ranges including plants and animals (planthoppers). Four or five characteristic, circular ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), each containing a single Tenuivirus genomic RNA, can be isolated from Tenuivirus-infected plants. The genomic RNAs range in size from ca 9.0 kb to 1.3 kb and together give a total genome size of ca 18-19 kb. The genomic RNAs are either negative-sense or ambisense, and expression of the ambisense RNAs utilizes cap-snatching during mRNA transcription. The combination of characteristics exhibited by Tenuiviruses are quite different than those found for most plant viruses and are more similar to vertebrate-infecting viruses in the genus Phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae.
Organization of the primate retina: Light microscopy, with an appendix: A second type of midget bipolar cell in the primate retina (1969)

Abstract The structure of the human, but mainly of the rhesus monkey, retina as examined by Golgi-staining techniques is described and interpreted on evidence from both light and electron microscopy. One type of rod bipolar cell and two types of cone bipolar cell are recognized. The rod bipolar is exclusively connected to rods. The midget bipolar is postsynaptic to only one cone but each cone is also presynaptic to a diffuse cone (flat) bipolar. Such flat bipolar cells are in synaptic relationship with about seven cones. No other bipolar cell types have been found. The brush bipolar of Polyak is interpreted as probably a distorted rod bipolar, while Polyak’s centrifugal bipolar is a misinterpretation of the morphology of diffuse amacrine cells. When presumptive centrifugal bipolars were observed they appeared to be a developmental stage of amacrine cells. In the outer plexiform layer two types of horizontal cell have been defined. Each type of horizontal cell has a single axon and two kinds of horizontal cell axon terminals are recognized. In the inner plexiform layer there are two main classes of amacrine cells: the stratified amacrines and the diffuse amacrines. Each class of amacrine has a wide variety of shapes. Polyak’s midget ganglion cell is confirmed and his five other kinds of ganglion cell are classified into diffuse and stratified ganglion cells according to the level at which their dendrites branch within the inner plexiform layer. A fuller summary is given by the diagram and in the legend of figure 98, p. 174. A new type of midget bipolar is described in the Appendix (p. 177).
Facile Synthesis of Onychines (2019)

The FeCl3-mediated condensation of an α-phenylenamino ester and an enone proceeds efficiently to afford a 2-phenylnicotinate. The subsequent intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction yielded an ­onychine framework. Modifications at the 2-, 3-, and 8-positions of the onychine framework were easily achieved by altering the enamino esters­ and enones, which facilitated the discovery of potentially bioactive compounds.
Submaxillary Gland of Mouse: Properties of a Purified Protein Affecting Muscle Tissue in vitro (1967)

A protein from the salivary gland of mice has been highly purified. It affects embryonic muscle tissue in vitro and has both esterase and peptidase activities. Addition of the pure protein to tissue culture in synthetic medium causes dissociation of muscle fibers in individual myoblasts with loss of myosin. This biological activity, as well as the esterase activity, is inhibited by low concentrations of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; this suggests that the effect on the tissue is a consequence of the protein's enzymatic activities.