gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A degassing plate with hydrophobic bubble capture and distributed venting for microfluidic devices (2006)

This paper introduces a microfluidic wall plate that allows the removal of gas bubbles from a gas/liquid mixture in a distributed fashion, i.e., throughout the flow path, eliminating the need for discrete separators common in macroscopic practice. Integrated into a microfluidic system at critical locations, such a degassing plate prevents the build up of gas bubbles in microchannels so as to maximize the effective reaction area, decrease the flow resistance and keep the chamber pressure under check. Furthermore, the plate surface is designed to capture the gas bubbles preferentially on designated venting sites, so that the rest of the surface can be dedicated to other functions, such as the catalyst or electrodes. The mechanism of bubble capture is explained by surface energy minimization, and two types of bubble sinks are proposed and verified. Once captured, the bubbles can be vented out through hydrophobic venting holes small enough (e.g. sub-micron) to block the liquid by surface tension. By chemically generating CO2 inside a small chamber (30 mm x 50 mm x 1.5 mm) sealed by the degassing plate, the process of bubble capture and removal is visually demonstrated. A porous polypropylene membrane with similar to 0.2 mu m diameter holes shows that gas can be removed with only several kPa of internal pressure while water stays free of leakage even under 2.4 x 10(5) Pa (35 psi). Venting is effective in any gravitational orientation, paving the way for portable microfluidic devices.
Skeletal Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Suppress the Expression of Collagenase-3 by Rat Osteoblasts* (1999)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted by skeletal cells, induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into cells of the osteoblastic lineage, and increase their differentiated function. BMPs also decrease collagenase-3 expression by the osteoblast. We tested the autocrine role of BMPs on collagenase-3 expression in osteoblast-enriched cells from fetal rat calvariae (Ob cells) by examining the effects of noggin, a specific inhibitor of BMP binding and function. Although collagenase-3 transcript expression declined in untreated Ob cells in culture over a 24-h period, BMP-2, -4, and -6 decreased collagenase-3 messenger RNA levels in cells treated for 2-24 h. The addition of noggin prevented the decrease of collagenase-3 transcripts in control cultures, opposed the inhibitory actions of BMP-2, and increased the levels of the protease in the culture medium. Noggin did not alter the decay of collagenase-3 messenger RNA in transcriptionally arrested cells, and it increased the levels of collagenase-3 heterogeneous nuclear RNA in Ob cells. In conclusion, noggin enhances the synthesis of collagenase-3 in osteoblasts, supporting the notion that BMPs act as autocrine suppressors of collagenase-3 in skeletal cells, an effect that may contribute to the maintenance of the bone matrix.
Metabolization of the Bacteriostatic Agent Triclosan in Edible Plants and its Consequences for Plant Uptake Assessment (2012)

Persistent environmental contaminants may enter agricultural fields via the application of sewage sludge, by irrigation with treated municipal wastewater or by manuring. It has been shown that such contaminants can be incorporated into crop plants. The metabolism of the bacteriostatic agents triclocarban, triclosan, and its transformation product methyl triclosan was investigated after their uptake into carrot cell cultures. A fast metabolization of triclosan was observed and eight so far unknown phase II metabolites, conjugates with saccharides, disaccharides, malonic acid, and sulfate, were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Triclocarban and methyl triclosan lack a phenolic group and remained unaltered in the cell cultures. Phase I metabolization was not observed for any of the compounds. All eight triclosan conjugates identified in the cell cultures were also detected in extracts of intact carrot plants cultivated on triclosan contaminated soils. Their total amount in the plants was assessed to exceed the amount of the triclosan itself by a factor of 5. This study shows that a disregard of conjugates in studies on plant uptake of environmental contaminants may severely underestimates the extent of uptake into plants and, eventually, the potential human exposure to contaminants via food of plant origin.
[Relationships between manufacturing parameters and pharmaceutical-technological requirements of biodegradable microparticles. 2. Preparation of injectable microparticles in biodegradable polyester]. (1992)

Local anesthetics containing biodegradable polyester microparticles are prepared using a modified solvent-evaporation process and a spray drying technique. The preparation methods are compared critically. The modified solvent-evaporation process is preferred for the preparation of microparticles. Yields of 90% and microparticle size distributions can be influenced in a reproducible manner. Using the spray drying technique yields are only 60%. The product is characterized by a high portion of microparticles under 10 microns, which are responsible for the rapid release of cinchocain in 168 h as well.
Hematopoietic stem cells from poor and good mobilizers are qualitatively equivalent (2011)

The quality of HSCs from low mobilizers was comparable to HSCs from high mobilizers.
Collusion-resisting secure nearest neighbor query over encrypted data in cloud, revisited (2016)

It is a challenging problem to securely resist the collusion of cloud server and query users while implementing nearest neighbor query over encrypted data in cloud. Recently, CloudBI-II is put forward to support nearest neighbor query on encrypted cloud data, and declared to be secure while cloud server colludes with some untrusted query users. In this paper, we propose an efficient attack method which indicates CloudBI-II will reveal the difference vectors under the collusion attack. Further, we show that the difference vector disclosure will result in serious privacy breach, and thus attain an efficient attack method to break CloudBI-II. Namely, CloudBI-II cannot achieve their declared security. Through theoretical analysis and experiment evaluation, we confirm our proposed attack approach can fast recover the original data from the encrypted data set in CloudBI-II. Finally, we provide an enhanced scheme which can efficiently resist the collusion attack.
Matched filter for broadband application using the counterpropagating output of a distributed amplifier (1995)

A new circuit configuration is presented, which takes advantage of the normally unused counterpropagating output of a distributed amplifier. The feasibility is demonstrated by a matched filter circuit with dual gate FET's for a 700 Mb/s NRZ signal. Modifications are proposed to extend this technique to a more general case of signal shaping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Does<i>O</i>-GlcNAc play a role in neurodegenerative diseases? (2005)

There are several lines of evidence that the modification of proteins by cytosolic- and nuclear-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation is closely related to neuropathologies, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Several neuronal proteins have been identified as being modified with O-GlcNAc; these proteins could form part of the inclusion bodies found, for example, in the most frequently observed neurologic disorder (i.e., Alzheimer's disease; Tau protein and beta-amyloid peptide are the well known aggregated proteins). O-GlcNAc proteins are also implicated in synaptosomal transport (e.g., synapsins and clathrin-assembly proteins). Inclusion bodies are partly characterized by a deficiency in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, avoiding the degradation of aggregated proteins. From this perspective, it appears interesting that substrate proteins could be protected against proteasomal degradation by being covalently modified with single N-acetylglucosamine on serine or threonine, and that the proteasome itself is modified and regulated by O-GlcNAc (in this case the turnover of neuronal proteins correlates with extracellular glucose). Interestingly, glucose uptake and metabolism are impaired in neuronal disorders, and this phenomenon is linked to increased phosphorylation. In view of the existence of the dynamic interplay between O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation, it is tempting to draw a parallel between the use of glucose, O-GlcNAc glycosylation and phosphorylation. Lastly, the two enzymes responsible for O-GlcNAc dynamism (i.e., O-GlcNAc transferase and glucosaminidase) are both enriched in the brain and genes that encode the two enzymes are located in two regions that are found to be frequently mutated in neurologic disorders. The data presented in this review strongly suggest that O-GlcNAc could play an active role in neurodegenerative diseases.
Angiographic contrast agents: conventional and new media compared (1982)

The contrast agents in current use are generally safe, but have certain undesirable side effects. These can be divided into four major areas: systemic reactions, cardiac effects, renal effects, and general vascular effects. For the most part, particularly in regard to cardiac and vascular manifestations, adverse effects are due to a combination of hypertonicity of the ionic contrast agent to blood, calcium binding, and direct chemical toxicity of the specific anion used. There have been many attempts to develop new agents, with a primary aim of lessening the adverse effects. Several of these compounds have undergone extensive experimental evaluation and are currently being used in clinical trials. All of these new agents have lower tonicity than conventional media at the same iodine content. They also appear to bind calcium less. Compared to conventional agents, these new compounds have less effect on the vessel wall and probably on blood coagulation, less effect on renal function, which is particularly important in patients with compromised renal function, and less effect on hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. They also seem to cause much less discomfort during peripheral arteriography than current contrast media. These new agents may be commercially available by 1984 and probably will be significantly more expensive than conventional agents. It is not yet clear, because of higher cost, whether these agents will be used for all patients, or only for patients at particular risk of side effects from conventional contrast media.
Integrated Modular Avionics: Managing the Allocation of Shared Intersystem Resources (2006)

The integrated modular avionics (IMA) architectures have ushered in a new wave of thought regarding avionics integration. IMA architectures utilize shared, configurable computing, communication, and I/O resources. These architectures allow avionics system integrators to benefit from increased system scalability, as well as from a form of platform management that reduces the workload for aircraft-level avionics integration activities. In order to realize these architectural benefits, the avionics suppliers must engage in new philosophies for sharing a set of system-level resources that are managed a level higher than each individual avionics system. The mechanisms for configuring and managing these shared intersystem resources are integral to managing the increased level of avionics integration that is inherent to the IMA architectures. This paper provides guidance for developing the methodology and tools to efficiently manage the set of shared intersystem resources. This guidance is based upon the author's experience in developing the Genesis IMA architecture at Smiths Aerospace. The Genesis IMA architecture was implemented on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner as the common core system (CCS)
Fluctuation–dissipation considerations for phenomenological damping models for ferromagnetic thin films (2002)

Dissipation properties of ferromagnetic thin films are traditionally characterized by phenomenological damping models related to ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidths. They may also be analyzed in terms of thermal magnetization fluctuations, the connection being made through the fluctuation–dissipation theorem. This article describes how fluctuation–dissipation relations provide a means for discriminating between alternative phenomenological magnetic damping models in ways that are not obvious using traditional uniform-magnetization descriptions appropriate to FMR experiments. In particular, it is shown that recently proposed alternatives to the well-known Gilbert damping model lead to physically untenable predictions/contradictions when analyzed in this light, unlike the traditional Gilbert model itself.
Proximity parameters determination for electron beam lithography using a novel technique (1981)

A technique of acquiring proximity parameters is presented. This technique utilizes a design pattern of line-density exposure wedge. The pattern was written with electron-beam line scans of line densities ranging from 500 Å to 5-μm spacings. With small spatial scales built-in, the proximity data are obtained through a supplemental, qualitative end point detection scheme. The end point is determined by the clearance of resist between scan lines. Since there are many scan lines in every exposure, each datum is a statistical average. Examples of using this technique are presented to determine proximity parameters for proximity corrections. In addition, they may be determined as a function of the condenser lens setting, which relates to the electron probe diameter. A variation of the technique described above indicates that the forward scattering parameter is dependent upon resist development time.
A Hierarchically Structured Collective of Coordinating Mobile Robots Supervised by a Single Human (2013)

Using a Single-Human Multiple-Robot System (SHMRS) to deploy rescue robots in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) can induce high levels of cognitive workload and poor situation awareness. Yet, the provision of autonomous coordination between robots to alleviate cognitive workload and promote situation awareness must be made with careful management of limited robot computational and communication resources. Therefore, a technique for autonomous coordination using a hierarchically structured collective of robots has been devised to address these concerns. The technique calls for an Apex robot to perform most of the computation required for coordination, allowing Subordinate robots to be simpler computationally and to communicate with only the Apex robot instead of with many robots. This method has been integrated into a physical implementation of the SHMRS. As such, this chapter also presents practical components of the SHMRS including the robots used, the control station, and the graphical user interface.
Susceptibility to Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias and the Effect of Preconditioning in the Diabetic Rat Heart (2000)

Diabetic heart is suggested to exhibit either increased or decreased resistance to ischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning suppresses arrhythmias in the normal heart, whereas relatively little is known about its effects in the diseased myocardium. Our objective was to investigate whether development of diabetes mellitus modifies the susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias and affects preconditioning in the rat heart. Following 1 and 9 weeks of streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg, i.v.) diabetes, the hearts were Langendorff-perfused at constant pressure of 70 mm Hg and subjected to test ischemia induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Preconditioning consisted of one cycle of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion, prior to test ischemia. Susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias was lower in 1-week diabetics: only 42 % of diabetic hearts exhibited ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 16 % had short episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) as compared to VT 100 % and VF 70 % (including sustained VF 36 %) in the non-diabetics (P<0.05). Development of the disease was associated with an increased incidence of VT (VT 92 %, not significantly different from non-diabetics) and longer total duration of VT and VF at 9-weeks, as compared to 1-week diabetics. Preconditioning effectively suppressed arrhythmias in the normal hearts (VT 33 %, VF 0 %). However, it did not provide any additional antiarrhythmic protection in the acute diabetes. On the other hand, in the preconditioned 9-weeks diabetic hearts, the incidence of arrhythmias tended to decrease (VT 50 %, transient VF 10 %) and their severity was reduced. Diabetic rat hearts are thus less susceptible to ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the acute phase of the disease. Development of diabetes attenuates increased ischemic tolerance, however, diabetic hearts in the chronic phase can benefit more from ischemic preconditioning, due to its persisting influence.
REVIEWS (1964)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Sir Thomas Browne. BY JOAN BENNET. Pp. viii+256. Cambridge: University Press, 1962. 30s. net. JOHN CAREY JOHN CAREY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XV, Issue 59, 1964, Pages 324–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XV.59.324 Published: 01 July 1964
Site-Specific Oligonucleotide Binding Represses Transcription of the Human c- <i>myc</i> Gene in Vitro (1988)

A 27-base-long DNA oligonucleotide was designed that binds to duplex DNA at a single site within the 5' end of the human c-myc gene, 115 base pairs upstream from the transcription origin P1. On the basis of the physical properties of its bound complex, it was concluded that the oligonucleotide forms a colinear triplex with the duplex binding site. By means of an in vitro assay system, it was possible to show a correlation between triplex formation at -115 base pairs and repression of c-myc transcription. The possibility is discussed that triplex formation (site-specific RNA binding to a DNA duplex) could serve as the basis for an alternative program of gene control in vivo.
A decentralized application for the traceability process in the pharma industry (2020)

With the growth of a global market, new regulations aiming at preventing the fraud of counterfeiting drugs have been released all over the world. In the pharma industry, an innovative technology named serialization is becoming more and more popular as it allows to implement a packaging process based on a hierarchical aggregation. This guarantees that each box entering in the distribution network is marked with a unique identifier for an easy traceability by a central regulatory in charge to follow the life cycle of the product until given to the final patient. In this scenario, the blockchain might offer a breakthrough proposing a decentralized and immutable traceability mechanism able to increase the security of the data and to reduce the success of a fraud attempt. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology, in this paper, a DAPP based on the Ethereum blockchain has been coded and tested as prototype in a pharma industry.
Activation of Caspase-2 Mediates the Apoptosis Induced by GTP-Depletion in Insulin-Secreting (HIT-T15) Cells* (2002)

This study investigated the possible involvement of a specific caspase(s) (a family of aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) in programmed cell death of islet beta-cells due to sustained GTP depletion. Treatment (up to 48 h) with 3 microg/ml mycophenolic acid (MPA), which specifically depletes intracellular guanine nucleotides, reduced cell-cycle progression from G1 phase into S and G2/M phases (as assessed by flow cytometry) and, subsequently, induced apoptosis of HIT-15 cells (transformed pancreatic beta-cells). The latter was accompanied by a marked increase of caspase-2 activity (+343%) and moderate activation of caspase-9 (+150%) and caspase-3 (+145%). Importantly, only caspase-2 activation preceded induction of apoptosis. There was no change in activity of caspase-1, -4, -5, -6, and -8. Release of the mitochondrial protein cytochrome c into cytosol was also observed at a late stage. Cotreatment of cells with a permeable pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) blocked GTP depletion-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. A specific caspase-2 inhibitor (Z-VDVAD-FMK), but not a caspase-3 inhibitor (DEVD-CHO), was also capable of restoring cell viability. Interestingly, activation of caspase-2 leads to caspase-3 activation because the caspase-2 inhibitor abrogated caspase-3 activity. Our results indicate that, while activation of multiple caspases are involved in the execution phase of GTP depletion-induced apoptosis, caspase-2 appears to play the major role in the initiation of this program. This study revealed a novel, caspase-2 mediated form of apoptosis that may be consequent to impaired mitogenesis.
Striatal Restricted Adenosine A<sub>2</sub> Receptor (RDC8) Is Expressed by Enkephalin but Not by Substance P Neurons: An In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry Study (1991)

RDC8 has been recently cloned and characterized as an adenosine A2 receptor. This receptor is expressed exclusively by medium-sized neurons of the striatum as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. We have now studied the relationship of this receptor with three major components of the rat caudate-putamen: enkephalin, substance P, and choline acetyltransferase. Our results demonstrate that the adenosine A2 receptor is expressed exclusively by the enkephalinergic striatal subpopulation but not by the substance P-containing or cholinergic neurons.
DNA Methylation Alterations in Breast Cancer (2001)

Abstract : We proposed to investigate breast cancer-associated DNA methylation alterations using a technique named Methylation Sensitive Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (MS-AFLP) which we developed. We performed NotI-MseI MS-AFLP using clinical specimens of normal and tumor breast DNA. We used both combinations of four NotI and four MseI primers with an additional selective residue at the 3' end (4x4 format) and combinations of four NotI with one additional residue and sixteen MseI with two additional selective residues (4x16 format). We have identified many bands that exhibited alterations in band intensity between normal and tumor breast DNA fingerprints. We have cut out the dried gel slices from those bands, eluted and PCR-amplified DNA fragments, and cloned into a plasmid vector. After transformation of E. coli bacteria, the nucleotide sequences of inserts were determined from several transformant clones. For some of the interesting bands, we have also transferred DNA from the DNA fingerprints by electroblotting onto nylon membranes, hybridized those membranes with fragment probes prepared from individual clones, and determined the identity of the fragments showing alterations. From these studies, we have obtained results indicating the possible associations of homeotic genes and related genes in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.