gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overview of different designs of water resistant cable (2003)

An overview of the most current information on several different constructions and materials that help combat water treeing is presented. After a brief description of the treeing phenomenon, the author covers accelerated cable life testing, noting the various compounds normally used as the insulation for medium voltage cable: crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). Various EPR compounds are compared as a whole against XLPE and TR-XLPE. These are considered with respect to insulation effectiveness. Different cable constructions utilizing water-blocking materials are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of self-testable wafer-scale processor arrays (1990)

A technique for designing self-testable wafer-scale arrays is presented. Faulty and Fault-free cells (processors, PEs) are indentified in distributed fashion without providing correct responses from the outside. It uses both local comparisons and dissemination of the comparison results. Faults in diagnostic circuits, which have been typically assumed to be fault-free, are also covered by the self-testing algorithm. The algorithm is quite general in the sense that it is independent of the structure of the syndrome analyser in each cell.
IPv4 Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol (2006)

This document describes the support of Mobile Networks, as defined in
Mobile IPv4, by the Mobile Router and Home Agent. A Mobile Router is
responsible for the mobility of one or more network segments or
subnets moving together. The Mobile Router hides its mobility from the
nodes on the mobile network. The nodes on the Mobile Network may be
fixed in relationship to the Mobile Router and may not have any
mobility function. Extensions to Mobile IPv4 are introduced to
support Mobile Networks.
RACK: Automatic API Recommendation Using Crowdsourced Knowledge (2016)

Traditional code search engines often do not perform well with natural language queries since they mostly apply keyword matching. These engines thus need carefully designed queries containing information about programming APIs for code search. Unfortunately, existing studies suggest that preparing an effective code search query is both challenging and time consuming for the developers. In this paper, we propose a novel API recommendation technique -- RACK that recommends a list of relevant APIs for a natural language query for code search by exploiting keyword-API associations from the crowdsourced knowledge of Stack Overflow. We first motivate our technique using an exploratory study with 11 core Java packages and 344K Java posts from Stack Overflow. Experiments using 150 code search queries randomly chosen from three Java tutorial sites show that our technique recommends correct API classes within the top 10 results for about 79% of the queries which is highly promising. Comparison with two variants of the state-of-the-art technique also shows that RACK outperforms both of them not only in Top-K accuracy but also in mean average precision and mean recall by a large margin.
Ultrasonic Technique for Determining Sound-Velocity Changes in High-Loss Materials (1969)

A pulse-transmission technique is described that allows the determination of small changes of the acoustic velocities in high-loss materials. The technique employs phase comparison between a transmitted acoustic pulse and the input rf signal to establish a null pattern in the superimposed output. The method has useful applications in situations where it is necessary to detect changes as small as one part in 104 in the velocities. It has been used in ultrasonic investigations employing propagation frequencies higher than 10 MHz and for total attenuation losses as high as 50 dB. Data are presented illustrating the shear velocity as a function of one-dimensional stress in polymethylmethacrylate.
An Evaluation of Three Wound Measurement Techniques in Diabetic Foot Wounds (2007)

Approximately 80% of diabetes-related amputations are preceded by a diabetic foot ulcer (1,2). Wound measurement is an important component of successful wound management (3–6). Accurate identification of the wound margin and the calculation of wound area are crucial (7–9). Although more complex methods of wound measurement exist (planimetry, digitizing techniques, and stereophotogrammetry) (4,10–14), current practice focuses on wound measurement using simple ruler-based methods or by wound tracing. Ruler-based schemes tended to be less reliable in wounds >5 cm2 (11). Various mathematical formulae (including the calculation of area based on the formula for an ellipse) have been proposed to improve accuracy in wound surface area calculation in wounds <40 cm2 in size (10,11,15–17). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare three wound measurement techniques: the Visitrak system (Smith and Nephew Healthcare, Hull, U.K.), a digital photography and image processing system (Analyze, version 6.0; AnalyzeDirect, Lenexa, KS), and an elliptical measurement method using the standard formula (πab) for the calculation of the area of an …
Zone Switching Diversity for Hierarchical Resource Allocation in Mobile WiMAX Networks (2009)

This article addresses downlink resource allocation in multi-cell OFDMA mobile WiMAX systems using zone switching diversity method. We propose to use fractional frequency reuse for guaranteeing the quality of service for different service flows (SFs) in the system. Our approach includes an architecture which coordinates the allocation of resources in terms of slots (the basic allocation unit in time and frequency domain in an OFDMA frame) between the radio resource controller and the radio resource agent which resides in the Base Station. The scheme for slot allocation balances between maximizing the overall throughput of the system while guaranteeing the QoS requirements for a mixture of real-time and non real-time SFs. We used simulations to compare four resource allocation schemes that represent various degrees of multi-cell coordination and taking advantage of multiuser diversity. We find a feasible hierarchical coordination combined with intra-cell multiuser diversity provides large throughput gains compared with non coordinated schemes.
5G Millimeter-wave Communication Channel and Technology Overview (2016)

This chapter devotes to addressing millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels and provides an overview on signal processing problems for mmWave communication in 5G. It presents two channel-modeling approaches to meet the requirements for a 5G mmWave channel model: an enhanced 3GPP/spatial channel model (SCM) model and a ray-propagation-based statistical model. The chapter discusses the mmWave channel characteristics as compared to low-frequency-band channels and describes the requirements on 5G mmWave channel modeling. It presents two mmWave channel models that meet the requirements of 5G, and discusses the key signal-processing techniques in mmWave communication. In designing the radio access air-interface for the 5G mmWave system, challenges related to directional transmission/reception - beam acquisition, beam tracking, mobility management and blockage management - need to be addressed. The chapter gives a summary and further discussion on the future work on modeling, estimation and other related signal-processing aspects of mmWave communication channels.
RNA hairpin-folding kinetics (2002)

Based on the complete ensemble of hairpin conformations, a statistical mechanical model that combines the eigenvalue solutions of the rate matrix and the free-energy landscapes has been able to predict the temperature-dependent folding rate, kinetic intermediates, and folding pathways for hairpin-forming RNA sequences. At temperatures higher than a "glass transition" temperature, T(g), the eigenvalues show a distinct time separation, and the rate-limiting step is a two-state single exponential process determined by the slowest eigenmode. At temperatures lower than T(g), no distinct time separation exists for the eigenvalues, hence multiple (slow) eigenmodes contribute to the rate-determining processes, and the folding involves the trapping and detrapping of kinetic intermediates. For a 21-nt sequence we studied, T(g) is lower than the transition temperature, T(m), for thermodynamic equilibrium folding. For T > T(m), starting from the native state, the chain undergoes a biphasic unfolding transition: a preequilibrated quasi-equilibrium macrostate is formed followed by a rate-limiting two-state transition from the macrostate to the unfolded state. For T(g) < T < T(m), the chain undergoes a two-state on-pathway folding transition, at which a nucleus is formed by the base stacks close to the loop region before a rapid assembly of the whole hairpin structure. For T < T(g), the multistate kinetics involve kinetic trapping, causing the roll-over behavior in the rate-temperature Arrhenius plot. The complex kinetic behaviors of RNA hairpins may be a paradigm for the folding kinetics of large RNAs.
Safeguarding cryptographic keys (1899)

Certain cryptographic keys, such as a number which makes it possible to compute the secret decoding exponent in an RSA public key cryptosystem, 1 , 5 or the system master key and certain other keys in a DES cryptosystem, 3 are so important that they present a dilemma. If too many copies are distributed one might go astray. If too few copies are made they might all be destroyed.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation Techniques: A Review (2013)

The demand for processed petroleum products and agricultural produce has exposed our environment to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. PAHs stick to solid sediments and are ubiquitous including soil, water and air. Their presence in these media creates problems because consuming products obtained from these sources could be deleterious to human health since several of these compounds (benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene etc) have been implicated in causing tumors in animals and cancer in humans. The present review describes several remediation techniques which are efficient and cost effective in removing PAHs from the environment. Some of these conventional clean-up methods are not only environmental friendly; they also present a novel approach in reducing the ability of PAHs to cause prospective risk to humans and the ecosystem.
A Quantitative Protocol for Intensity-Based Live Cell FRET Imaging (2013)

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has become one of the most ubiquitous and powerful methods to quantify protein interactions in molecular biology. FRET refers to the sensitization of an acceptor molecule through transfer of energy from a nearby donor, and it can occur if the emission band of the donor exhibits spectral overlap with the absorption band of the acceptor molecule. Numerous methods exist to quantify FRET levels from interacting protein labels including fluorescence lifetime, acceptor photobleaching, and polarization-resolved imaging (Lakowicz, Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy, 2006; Jares-Erijman and Jovin, Curr Opin Chem Biol 10(5):409-416, 2006; van Munster and Gadella, Microscopy techniques, 2005). For live cell imaging, however, sensitized emission FRET (seFRET) is the most powerful and robust method of FRET signal quantification (Chakrabortee et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(37):16084-16089, 2010). It is fast, can be applied using straight forward microscopy equipment, and offers information not only on strength of interaction but, uniquely, also on the relative changes between interacting and noninteracting moieties in the reaction, referred to as FRET stoichiometry. A rigorous and quantitative application of seFRET is far from trivial, however, and requires appropriate calibration experiments and constructs, control over hardware settings, and appropriate image processing steps.This protocol presents a rigorous method to perform quantitative seFRET measurements in live cells, providing the maximum possible information content from the measurement. The theoretical development and validation of the method is described in detail in Elder et al. (J R Soc Interface 6:S59-S81, 2009) where it is also demonstrated in the kinetic ("time-lapse") analysis of protein interactions governing mitosis. The present protocol gives a detailed recipe for application of seFRET. It is written specifically for use with CFP (cyan fluorescence protein) as donor fluorophore and YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) as acceptor fluorophore, a popular choice for many experiments. The protocol is however valid for any other FRET fluorophore pair, and we indicate how to adapt the protocol in such situations. We also provide a software program that automates the calibration tasks outlined in this protocol and which is available for free to download ( http://wiki.laser.ceb.cam.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/Resources ).
Carrier Phase-Based Precise Heading and Pitch Estimation Using a Low-Cost GNSS Receiver (2021)

Attitude and heading estimation methods using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are generally based on multi-antenna deployment, where the installation space and system cost increase with the increase in the number of antennas. Since the single-antenna receiver is still the major choice of the mass market, we focus on precise and reliable heading and pitch estimation using a low-cost GNSS receiver. Carrier phase observations are precise but have an ambiguity problem. A single difference between consecutive epochs can eliminate ambiguity and reduce the measurement errors. In this work, a measurement model based on the time-differenced carrier phases (TDCPs) is utilized to estimate the precise delta position of the antenna between two consecutive epochs. Then, considering the motion constraint, the heading and pitch angles of a moving land vehicle can be determined by the components of the estimated receiver delta position. A threshold on the length of the delta position is selected to avoid large errors in static periods. To improve the reliability of the algorithm, the Doppler-aided cycle slip detection method is applied to exclude carrier phases with possible cycle slips. A real vehicular dynamic experiment using a low-cost, single-frequency GNSS receiver is conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of providing precise vehicular heading and pitch estimates, with both the root mean square errors being better than 1.5°. This also indicates that the cycle slip exclusion is indispensable to avoid unexpected large errors.
Forecasting HPC Workload Using ARMA Models and SSA (2016)

In high-performance computing (HPC) platform, resource usage pattern changes over time which makes the resource monitoring a challenge. Maintaining the performance goals within a good power range is very critical where servers suffer from under utilisation, failure or degraded hardware support. Better forecast of the workload can reduce the energy cost by predicting the future workload more accurately. Identifying the usage pattern is also vital for efficient capacity planning because prediction can also be augmented with an effective resource allocation strategy to manage resource distribution goals. However, a single prediction model does not fit for all. In this paper, we compare forecast performance of the state-of-the-art ARMA class (integrated ARMA (ARIMA), seasonal integrated ARMA (SARIMA) and fractionally integrated ARMA (ARFIMA)) with the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method using CPU, RAM and Network traces collected from Wikimedia grid. We found that the most simple model of ARMA class (ARIMA) had outperformed other complex ARMA class models while forecasting the bursty pattern of Networks. ARIMA model provides the best forecast for the Network data while SSA is found to be the best method for CPU and RAM. We also show that with proper model fitting, we can achieve high forecasting precision as low as 0.00586% for RAM and maximum error around 5% for Network without having complete information about the underlying system hardware and the running applications type.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Protecting quantum information against environmental noise (2016)

Quantum-mechanical systems retain their properties so long as the phase of quantum superpositions evolve stably over time. Contact with an environment can disrupt this phase evolution. But for environments that do not exchange energy with the quantum system, strategies exist where the controlled driving of the system can recover or maintain the quantum phase. This Colloquium surveys the host of techniques that are available to ``refocus'' the phase when disturbed by various forms of classical or quantum environment. While the first such techniques were developed long ago, ideas from quantum information theory have introduced new strategies for accomplishing this goal.
The diagnostic and prognostic significance of coronary artery calcification. A report of 800 cases. (1980)

The significance of coronary artery calcification was assessed in 800 patients who underwent cardiac fluoroscopy and selective coronary cineangiography. Calcification was shown by fluoroscopy in 250, of whom 236 (94%) had greater than or equal to 75% stenosis of one or more major coronary arteries at angiography. Among patients with significant coronary artery disease, 40% (236/585) had calcification. Patients with calcification demonstrated poorer survival at all follow-up intervals (from six months to five years); the five-year survival rate was 87% for patients without calcification, compared to 58% for those with calcification. The prognostic significance of coronary artery calcification appears to be independent of information obtained by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography.
RapIoT Toolkit: Rapid Prototyping of Collaborative Internet of Things Applications (2016)

The Internet of Things holds huge promises to enhance collaboration in multiple application domains. By bringing Internet connectivity to everyday objects and environments it promotes ubiquitous access to information and integration with third-party systems. Further, connected things can be used as physical interfaces to enable users to cooperate leveraging multiple devices via parallel and distributed actions. Yet creating prototypes of IoT systems is a complex task for non-experts because it requires dealing with multi-layered hardware and software infrastructures. We introduce RapIoT, a software toolkit that facilitates prototyping IoT systems providing an integrated set of developer tools. Our solution abstracts low-level details and communication protocols allowing developers to focus on the application logic, facilitating rapid prototyping. RapIoT supports the development of collaborative applications by enabling the definition of high-level data types primitives. RapIoT primitives act as a loosely-coupled interface between generic IoT devices and applications; simplifying the development of systems that make use of an ecology of devices distributed to multiple users and environments. We illustrate the potential of our toolkit by presenting the development process of a IoT system for crowd-sourcing of air quality data. We conclude discussing strength and limitations of our platform highlighting further possible uses for collaborative applications.
Robust and Precision Motion Control System of Linear-Motor Direct Drive for High-Speed&lt;tex&gt;$X$&lt;/tex&gt;–&lt;tex&gt;$Y$&lt;/tex&gt;Table Positioning Mechanism (2005)

In this paper, design and implementation of an H/sub /spl infin//-based precision motion control system is presented for a high-speed linear-motor direct-drive X-Y table positioning mechanism in semiconductor wire-bonding applications. The system works with a cascaded robust feedback control, which has an inner loop velocity controller and an outer loop position controller, and an autotuning feedforward compensator. The design aim is to achieve high and consistent tracking performance even in the presence of considerable resonance uncertainties and external disturbances. Toward this aim the velocity controller is designed using H/sub /spl infin// optimization technique, based on reduced-order modeling that considers three significant resonance modes and neglects all other resonance modes having an insignificant amplitude and/or too high frequency. These neglected modes and variations of the three resonance modes from machine to machine (due to manufacturing tolerance) and/or with different operating conditions are taken care of by appropriate additive uncertainty representation in the design phase. The resulting system is validated and implemented with a profile motion of a maximum acceleration of 5.2 g (1g=9.81 m/s/sup 2/) on mass-produced wire bonding machines.
Effects of High Voltage Stimulation On Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rabbits (1987)

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether high voltage stimulation (HVS) enhances wound healing. Forty female rabbits were assigned to experimental or control groups and followed for four or seven days. We classified the groups as Exp4, Con4, Exp7, and Con7, respectively. Each animal was anesthetized, and a full-thickness incision, 3.5-cm long, was made on its back. After 24 hours, Exp4 and Exp7 rabbits received HVS with a negative polarity for two hours twice daily. Although tensile-strength values were 36% higher for Exp4 rabbits than for Con4 rabbits, no significant differences in tensile strength or percentage of wound closure existed between the two groups. After seven days, Con7 rabbits had a higher percentage of wound closure and significantly greater tensile-strength measures than Exp7 rabbits. Histologic examination of the wounds did not provide clear-cut evidence of differences between the experimental and control groups. Results suggest that 1) HVS did not significantly improve wound healing for Exp4 rabbits and 2) HVS as given, may have hampered the healing process for Exp7 rabbits.
miR-122 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism and tumor suppression (2012)

In this issue of JCI, two independent groups describe the effects of germline and liver-specific deletion of Mir122a, the predominant liver miRNA. Their findings reveal a critical role for miR-122 in fat and cholesterol metabolism but suggest that other metabolic actions of the liver are independent of miR-122. Knockout mice also displayed hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that miR-122 has a tumor suppressor role in hepatocytes.
AN AGC SYSTEMDESIGNBASEDUPON THEDC RESTORATION AND THEDYNAMIC-CHARACTERISTICS (1970)

SUMMARY TelevisionreceiverAGC Systemsarebasicallydiscussed inconnection withtheblacklevel performanceandthetransient responseof the system. 1. The correlation betweenblacklevelrestorationand DC transmissionofAGC/video circuits isdiscussedwithvarioustypesof AGC. As a resultthecombinedtypeofkeyedandmean levelAGC isrecommended. 2. Indiscussing theAGC dynamiccharacteristics,theauthorspointouttheexistence of twodifferent modes for steptransient response.The authorsconclude thatthestep responsemethodis preferredto the IRE MeasuringStandardusinga sinewave,becausetheAGC mode dynamiccharacteris-, ticsdependuponnot onlythesystemtime constantbutalsothethresholdleveland variation infieldstrength.