gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Nod factor biosynthesis by alternative NodD proteins at distinct stages of symbiosis provides additional compatibility scrutiny (2017)

The Lotus japonicus symbiont Mesorhizobium loti R7A encodes two copies of nodD and here we identify striking differences in Nod factor biosynthesis gene induction by NodD1 and NodD2 both in vitro and in planta. We demonstrate that induction of Nod factor biosynthesis genes is preferentially controlled by NodD1 and NodD2 at specific stages of symbiotic infection. NodD2 is primarily responsible for induction in the rhizosphere and within nodules, while NodD1 is primarily responsible for induction within root hair infection threads. nodD1 and nodD2 mutants showed significant symbiotic phenotypes and competition studies establish that nodD1 and nodD2 mutants were severely outcompeted by wild-type R7A, indicating that both proteins are required for proficient symbiotic infection. These results suggest preferential activation of NodD1 and NodD2 by different inducing compounds produced at defined stages of symbiotic infection. We identified Lotus chalcone isomerase CHI4 as a root hair induced candidate involved in the biosynthesis of an inducer compound that may be preferentially recognized by NodD1 within root hair infection threads. We propose an alternative explanation for the function of multiple copies of nodD that provides the host plant with another level of compatibility scrutiny at the stage of infection thread development.
NANOSTRUCTURED PARTICLES AND LAYERS FOR SENSING CONTAMINANTS IN AIR AND WATER (2008)

Chemical sensor layers for environmental applications require optimal selectivity, sensitivity, and long term stability, which can be achieved in artificial matrices. For detecting thiols in air, reversible affinity interactions can be optimized by varying the stoichiometry of molybdenum disulphide nanoparticles to achieve sulphur deficiencies. Generating MoS 1.9 increases the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor responses towards butane thiol by a factor of three. Artificial recognition sites are accessible by molecular imprinting: acrylate copolymers can be tuned in polarity to interact selectively with atrazine in water leading to detection limits below one ppb with QCM sensors. Finally, sensor arrays coated with six different molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) correctly reproduce the ethyl acetate concentration of a composter over a period of two weeks validated by GC-MS measurements.
Synthesis of (+)‐Obtusenyne (2008)

An enantioselective synthesis of the halogenated medium-ring ether natural product (+)-obtusenyne is reported which uses the ring expansion of a seven-membered ketene acetal by means of a Claisen rearrangement to construct the core nine-membered oxygen heterocycle. The trans substituents across the ether linkage were established by using a transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecular hydrosilation reaction of an exo-cyclic enol ether. In addition, a formal synthesis of ent-obtusenyne from 2-deoxy-D-ribose is reported. A number of interesting points regarding the chemistry of medium-ring oxygen heterocycles are highlighted.
Growth velocity during infancy and onset of asthma in school‐aged children (2011)

Weight gain during infancy is positively associated with physician-diagnosed asthma in school-aged children.
ChemInform Abstract: FOUR‐ AND FIVE‐MEMBERED PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES. 39. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE (2 + 2) CYCLOADDITION OF KETONES TO AZAPHOSPHOLES (1980)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Azaphosphole (I) mit den Ketonen (II) führt zu den stabilen [2+2]‐Cycloaddukten (III) mit pentakoordiniertem P‐Atom im Brückenkopf.
Central nervous system and eye infections (1995)

Acute Bacterial Meningitides. Subacute and Chronic Meningitides. Viral Encephalitis and Related Conditions. Brain Abscesses. Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System. Epidural Abscess and Subdural Empyema. Venous Sinus Infections. Infections of the Skull and Bony Sinuses. The Nervous System in Sepsis and Endocarditis. Ocular and Orbital Infections . Prion Diseases
Micro-patterned electret for high power electrostatic motor (2004)

This paper describes the charging method of a micro-patterned electret for a high power electrostatic motor. By applying contact electrification using mercury to electret charging, charging to 5 /spl mu/m-wide micro-patterned electret was achieved. But, 0.9 /spl mu/m-wide edges of the electret is not charged due to discharge at the edges. Using this method, a silicon-dioxide electret with 0.5 /spl mu/m thickness was charged up to a charge density of about -100 V//spl mu/mSiO/sub 2/ with fair repeatability.
Novel and Efficient Organic Liquid Electrolytes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Ru(II) Terpyridyl Complex Photosensitizer. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Safety of Bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with abnormal renal function (2005)

Advanced age, renal dysfunction, and female gender remain important risk factors for ischemic and bleeding complications in patients undergoing PCI with bivalirudin.
Regulation of Extracellular Collagenase Production in Achromobacter iophagus (1978)

Achromobacter iophagus synthesized extracellular collagenase in a highly aerated peptone medium at the late-exponential and early-stationary phases of growth. Collagenase synthesis was subject to end-product repression and was repressed by various amino acids and ammonium ions. Glutamine caused severe repression of collagenase production. Collagenase synthesis was sensitive to catabolite repression by glucose and a number of carbon sources. Cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP did not relieve catabolite repression. Glucose and 2-deoxyglucose caused a severe transient repression. Although rifampicin and chloramphenicol immediately inhibited RNA and protein synthesis, respectively, they failed to inhibit collagenase production completely. No intracellular preformed collagenase was detected and collagenase production ceased when induced cells were washed and resuspended in buffer.
Synthesis of Acid-Cleavable Light Isotope-Coded Affinity Tags (ICAT-<i>L</i>) for Potential Use in Proteomic Expression Profiling Analysis (2005)

A convenient synthesis of some homologous light isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT-L) containing an acid-labile moiety between the affinity component biotin and an electrophilic polar linker is described. These light ICAT reagents give smooth mass spectral signals in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses of some commercially available cysteine-containing peptides. However, these ICAT molecules are designed for use in identification and relative quantification of whole or partially purified cellular and tissue proteomes. Since the biotin moiety can be readily cleaved off the reagent after mass tagging, undesired residual fragmentation patterns caused by biotin of derived peptides, as normally observed using biotin-containing ICAT reagents, are effectively eliminated. This strategy should enhance peptide sequence coverage significantly which, in turn, should result in improving the quality of data obtained during data-dependent peptide mass and tandem mass spectral analysis of whole proteomes.
The Germ-Free Animal Fed Chemically Defined Diet: A Unique Tool (1991)

With the development of CD diet L-489E 14SE, it is possible to maintain prodction colonies of BALB/c mice under GF conditions with totally defined nutritional intake after weaning. These mice are exposed to a minimum of antigenic stimulation and thus provide a unique model in which all exogenous factors may be controlled.
Value and Limitations of Using the Bovine Tail as a Model for the Human Lumbar Spine (2004)

Differences in matrix contents exist between the bovine coccygeal discs and the human lumbar spine. Thus, caution must be exercised when using the bovine tail as a model for the human lumbar spine in biochemical studies.
Developing in vitro models of the sub-retinal microenvironment (2013)

Physiologically-relevant in vitro models of retinal disease are necessary for understanding the complex interactions of oxidative stress, molecular signaling and physical contact between cells and their local environment. In this study, microfluidic devices and microcontact printing are used to mimic in vivo conditions of the sub-retinal microenvironment and the effects of oxidative stress and atrophy on protein expression by retinal pigment epithelial cells. The results demonstrate that differences in RNA and protein expression due to oxidative stress and loss of function can be observed from cells within microfluidic devices and in micropatterned patches. These findings indicate that nano- and microstructured materials can be used to interrogate normal and malignant retinal cell growth.
THE RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM TISSUE SLICES OF RAT HYPOTHALAMUS<sup>1</sup> (1973)

Abstract— The efflux of endogenous histamine from small slices of rat hypothalamus has been studied. Histamine release was temperature dependent and could be increased 50 % after depolarization of the brain slices by 15 m m potassium. The presence of EDTA in the incubating media inhibited the release of histamine and blocked the effect of potassium. Theophylline and reserpine markedly increased release of histamine, whereas phenoxybenzamine inhibited release and blocked the effects of theophylline and reserpine. Efflux of histidine from hypothalamic tissue slices was not temperature‐dependent and was unaffected by the addition of potassium or any of the drugs studied.
(Allen J. Bard Award) The Electrochemical Nucleation and Physical Behavior of Hydrogen Nanobubbles (2015)

Gas nanobubbles formed at solid/liquid interfaces have received significant attention during the past decade due to their remarkable properties. For instance, interfacial nanobubbles may exist for hours or days, in contrast to their expected short lifetime (< 1 s, based on the theoretical rate of gas dissolution from a nanoscale bubble). We have developed an electrochemical approach for investigating the formation and properties of a single nanobubble of H 2 with a radius between 5 and 50 nm. To create a H 2 nanobubble, a Pt nanodisk electrode, shrouded in a glass sheath, is used to reduce H + in a concentrated acid solution, creating a supersaturated solution of H 2 adjacent to the electrode surface. As the electrode potential is scanned towards negative potentials, the current arising from H 2 generation increases exponentially and then suddenly decreases to near background levels, signaling a liquid-to-gas phase transformation associated with the formation of a single nanobubble at the electrode surface. The critical concentration of dissolved H 2 required for nanobubble nucleation, obtained from the electrochemical response, is measured to be ~0.25 M, corresponding to ~310-fold supersaturation of H 2 . We estimate the critical size of the smallest stable H 2 gas bubble nucleus to be ~4 nm; this nucleus grows and covers the Pt nanodisk surface until it becomes pinned at the Pt/glass interface. Thermodynamic relations indicate that the internal pressure within these nanobubbles is of the order of 100 atm. The nanobubble experiments also provide insight into the structure and chemical dynamics of electrochemical three-phase solid/liquid/gas boundaries. We demonstrate that a steady-state residual current of ~100 pA, measured after bubble formation, results from continuous electrogeneration of H 2 at the Pt/electrolyte/H 2 gas interface; steady-state reduction of H + is required to balanced the rate of H 2 dissolution from the nanobubble into the solution. These experiments allow unique measurements of H + reduction rates at a three-phase boundary, as well as estimation of the width of the three-phase boundary. We also report additional experiments that demonstrate that the stability and shape of H 2 nanobubbles are sensitive to the applied pressure and to the presence of surfactants. Finally, we show that individual H 2 bubbles can be electrochemically nucleated within nanopores.
Timing analysis for thermally robust clock distribution network design for 3D ICs (2013)

Three-dimensional Integrated Circuits provide a solution to overcome bottlenecks in performance and power management issues. However, the drawback arises in the form of increased thermal density that results in thermal gradients that affect signal integrity. Since, the clock signal is critical for ensuring the performance of synchronous digital systems, its design is very important. In this paper we analyze the effect of thermal gradient on the clock distribution networks in the context of 3D ICs. We also propose novel methods for compensating the thermal effects which have been validated through extensive simulations and preliminary hardware measurements.
Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic modeling of plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations (2013)

The interaction of static Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) with the plasma flows is modeled in toroidal geometry, using the non-linear resistive MHD code JOREK, which includes the X-point and the scrape-off-layer. Two-fluid diamagnetic effects, the neoclassical poloidal friction and a source of toroidal rotation are introduced in the model to describe realistic plasma flows. RMP penetration is studied taking self-consistently into account the effects of these flows and the radial electric field evolution. JET-like, MAST, and ITER parameters are used in modeling. For JET-like parameters, three regimes of plasma response are found depending on the plasma resistivity and the diamagnetic rotation: at high resistivity and slow rotation, the islands generated by the RMPs at the edge resonant surfaces rotate in the ion diamagnetic direction and their size oscillates. At faster rotation, the generated islands are static and are more screened by the plasma. An intermediate regime with static islands which slightly oscillate is found at lower resistivity. In ITER simulations, the RMPs generate static islands, which forms an ergodic layer at the very edge (ψ≥0.96) characterized by lobe structures near the X-point and results in a small strike point splitting on the divertor targets. In MAST Double Null Divertor geometry, lobes are also found near the X-point and the 3D-deformation of the density and temperature profiles is observed.
Intracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) regulates human platelet activation via hydrolysis of talin (2013)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is generally associated with normal or pathological extracellular processes such as tissue remodelling in growth and development or in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Platelets contain at least three MMPs, 1, 2 and 9 that have been reported to stimulate or inhibit agonist-induced platelet aggregation via extracellular signals. The non-selective Zn+2 chelating MMP inhibitor, 1,10-phenanthroline, and the serine protease inhibitor, AEBSF, were found to inhibit all tested agonist-induced platelet aggregation reactions. In vitro analysis demonstrated that 1,10-phenanthroline completely inhibited MMP-1,2,and 9 but had little to no effect on calpain activity while the converse was true with AEBSF. We now demonstrate that MMP-2 functions intracellularly to regulate agonist-induced platelet aggregations via the hydrolytic activation of talin, the presumed final activating factor of glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa integrin (the inside-out signal). Once activated GPIIb/IIIa binds the dimeric fibrinogen molecule required for platelet aggregation. The active intracellular MMP-2 molecule is complexed with JAK 2/STAT 3, as demonstrated by the fact that all three proteins are co-immunoprecipitated with either anti-JAK 2, or anti-STAT 3 antibodies and by immunofluorescence studies. The MMP-2 platelet activation pathway can be synergistically inhibited with the non-selective MMP inhibitor, 1,10-phenanthroline, plus a JAK 2 inhibitor. This activation pathway is distinct from the previously reported calpain-talin activating pathway. The identification of a new central pathway for platelet aggregation presents new potential targets for drug regulation and furthers our understanding of the complexity of platelet activation mechanisms.
Recognition and Treatment of Allergy in Sinusitis and Pharyngotonsillitis: A Preliminary Report (1981)

• Fourteen patients experienced recurring episodes of acute pharyngotonsillitis and acute sinusitis associated with an igE-mediated inhalant allergy. Bacterial infection was clinically suspected in seven patients, five of whom had pathogens on culture. The existence of allergy to inhalants was established by serum IgE studies and intradermal skin tests. A significant reduction in the frequency and severity of the inflammatory episodes was associated with immunotherapy. In six patients with recurrent involvement of the palatine tonsils, tonsillectomy had been considered before immunotherapy but was deemed unnecessary after treatment. It seems that inhalant allergy can predispose to, accompany, or mimic bacterial pharyngotonsillitis and sinusitis. (<i>Arch Otolaryngol</i>1981;107:543-546)
Multicanier Modulation with Multistage Encoding/Decoding for a Nakagami Fading Channels (2000)

Abstract The Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM) system with a multistage encoding/decoding scheme based on repetition and erasures‐correcting decoding of block codes applied for a Nakagami fading channel is considered. Bit Error Rate (BER) as a function of Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR) has been found to agree well with the simulated results. It is shown that for low SNR the proposed system has a lower BER than both the MCM with Forward Error Correction (FEC) and MCM with optimal diversity reception and FEC.
Woulddecreased aluminum ingestion reduce theincidence ofAlzheimer's disease? (1991)

Although thecauseofAlzheimer's disease (AD)remains unknownthere ismounting evidence thatimplicates aluminumasatoxic environmental factor ofconsiderable importance. Fourindependent lines ofevidence - laboratory studies oftheeffects of intracerebral aluminumon thecognitive andmemoryperformance ofanimals, biochemical studies, epidemiologic studies andtheslowing oftheprogress ofthedisease withtheuseofanagentthatremoves aluminum fromthebody- nowsupport the concept thataluminum isoneofthepathogenic factors inAD.Theevidence warrants serious consideration ofreducing humanexposure toaluminum. We hypothesize thata public health effort torestrict humaningestion ofaluminum wouldreduce theincidence ofthis commonchronic illness intheelderly. Memesil'on neconnait toujours paslacausedelamaladie d'Alzheimer (MA), deplus enplusd'indices semblent demontrer quel'aluminium estunfacteur environnemental toxique tres important. Quatre niveaux depreuve independants - etudes delaboratoire ausujet deseffets del'aluminium intracerebral surlacognition etlamemoire chezles animaux, etudes biochimiques, etudes epidemiologiques etralentissement duprogres de lamaladie lorsqu'on utilise unagentquielimine l'aluminium ducorps - appuient maintenant leconcept selon lequel l'aluminium estundesfacteurs pathogenes dela MA.Cespreuves justifient d'envisager serieusement dereduire l'exposition desetres humains al'aluminium. Nousposonsl'hypothese suivante: unecampagne d'hygiene publique visant a limiter l'ingestion d'aluminium parlesetres humainsreduirait l'incidence decette maladie chronique repandue chezlespersonnes agees.
Path Tracking for a Skid-steer Vehicle using Model Predictive Control with On-line Sparse Gaussian Process (2017)

Skid-steer vehicle can generate a large traction force, which is especially good for navigation on a rough terrain. However, the turning motion is so sensitive to slippage effect that designing a controller is still challenging problem. Also, the motion of the vehicle is affected not only by wheel motion, but also by the road properties and the characteristics of wheel control. With this in mind, we employ a model predictive control (MPC) with an on-line model learning. The velocity model, which represents the relationship between true vehicle velocity and input command, is learned with an on-line sparse Gaussian process (GP). The on-line sparse GP can reduce the computational complexity of GP and also consistently update the model from the driving data. Finally, combining with MPC makes it possible to generate an optimal policy based on the learned model. Experiments are conducted to test the tracking performance of skid-steer robot. The results show the more reliable performance than the method based on a conventional model with parameter adaptation.
Association of Non-Cirrhosis Hepatitis and Pre-Cancerous Colonic Polyps in Initial Colonoscopies (2018)

Introduction: Hepatitis has many negative sequelae. Hepatitis is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the link between hepatitis and extra hepatic malignancies remains unknown. A tie between various malignancies and hepatitis is known, but a correlation between hepatitis and colorectal cancer or precancerous (PC) polyps has not. We sought a relationship between non-cirrhosis hepatitis and PC polyps. Methods: Data were collected on 4,200 patients from the Louisville VA Hospital. Patients were excluded if diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease or pre-existing malignancies; date of birth prior to 1948; poor bowel prep; or lack of colonoscopy data. 1,416 patients met inclusion, and 143 patients had a diagnosis of hepatitis without cirrhosis at the time of colonoscopy; the etiology of which was 49% non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 49% hepatitis B or C, and 2% alcohol, with a mean age of 54. 74% of the patients were Caucasian and 88% were males (Table 1). Only 143 of the patients analyzed met inclusion and diagnosis of hepatitis without cirrhosis. This retrospective study assessed 143 patients who were found to have an active diagnosis of non-cirrhotic hepatitis at first colonoscopy. Hepatitis was defined by viral markers for hepatitis B and C and patient history. Cirrhosis was excluded if there was negative imaging, negative or lack of liver biopsy or Fibroscan. A Poisson regression analysis was performed, with corresponding odds ratio (OR), confidence intervals (CI), and p-values as shown in Table 2. Results: Patients with non-cirrhosis NASH and alcoholic hepatitis had an increased association with PC polyps (OR=1.094; p=0.323 and OR=2.272; p=0.007 respectively), but only alcoholic hepatitis was statistically significant. Non-cirrhosis hepatitis B and C had a slightly decreased association with the occurrence of PC polyps (OR=0.919; p=0.338). The only result of statistical significance was alcoholic hepatitis and PC polyps, suggesting alcohol as a risk factor for PC polyps<./p> Conclusion: Non-cirrhosis alcoholic hepatitis had a statistically significant increased OR with PC polyps, while NASH or hepatitis B or C did not show statistical significance. NASH hepatitis and cirrhosis had an increased OR with PC polyps, but was not significant. Limitations are sample size and patient population. As hepatitis incidence increases, further investigation into the relationship between hepatitis and pre-cancerous polyps are needed.2751_A Figure 1. Patient demographics of non-cirrhotic hepatitis Patients.2751_B Figure 2. Results of Poisson regression with corresponding odds ratio, CI, and p-value.
Tuning Properties in Silver Clusters (2015)

The properties of Ag nanoclusters are not as well understood as those of their more precious Au cousins. However, a recent surge in the exploration of strategies to tune the physicochemical characteristics of Ag clusters addresses this imbalance, leading to new insights into their optical, luminescence, crystal habit, metal-core, ligand-shell, and environmental properties. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the latest strategies along with a brief introduction of the theoretical framework necessary to understand the properties of silver nanoclusters and the basis for their tuning. The advances in cluster research and the future prospects presented in this Perspective will eventually guide the next large systematic study of nanoclusters, resulting in a single collection of data similar to the periodic table of elements.