gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N Position-Specific Isotopic Analyses of Polynitrogenous Amino Acids (2005)

15N/14N isotope ratios are widely used to study processes and systems involving amino acids. Nitrogen isotope fractionation in biological processes occurs primarily at sites of bond-breaking and formation; the finest discrimination for "isotopic fingerprinting" and studies of isotopic fluxes is thus obtained at the position-specific level. While there are numerous reports of natural intramolecular carbon isotope variability, there are no literature reports of 15N/14N position-specific isotopic analysis (N-PSIA) of biologically relevant molecules. We report a methodology for high-precision N-PSIA of four polynitrogenous alpha-amino acids (asparagine, glutamine, lysine, histidine) and the first survey of natural intramolecular 15N/14N in these biomolecules. Selective liberation of N-atoms from multiple commercial standards of each parent amino acid was achieved by an appropriate enzymatic reaction or by acid hydrolysis. 15N/14N measurements were performed on N-ethoxycarbonyl ethyl ester derivatives of the parent amino acids and their analogues by gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and the average precision for replicate injections was found to be SD(delta15N) = 0.3%. Position-specific delta15N values of the parent amino acid were directly observed or indirectly calculated using mass balance. The average precision obtained for directly measured positions was SD(delta15N) = 0.2-0.4%. The average precision for indirectly obtained positions was SD(delta15N) = 0.6-1.3% as a result of propagation of errors. Enrichment in the side chain-N with respect to the peptide-N was observed in nearly all of the amino acid sources, most notably in asparagine (average delta delta(side-peptide) = + 11%), which may be indicative of its method of production. In some cases, it was possible to distinguish commercial sources by N-PSIA that could not be distinguished at the compound-specific level.
Analyses of Extreme Wave Heights in the Gulf of Mexico for Offshore Engineering Applications (2013)

The 2004–2008 hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) saw several exceedances of what was regarded, prior to that period, as the 100-year significant wave heights (SWHs) that are used for the design of offshore oil and gas facilities. As a result, these facilities sustained considerable damage and disrupted U.S. energy supplies. The wave climatology in the GOM is therefore studied in detail. A 51-year database of SWHs was constructed by using a combination of wind and wave models, and both individual wave heights and statistical measures were validated, to the extent possible, using buoy data. Analyses of the modeled data show that there is an increasing trend in the annual maximum SWHs in the eastern part of the GOM; the maximum trend is approximately 5.6 cm/year, which is of the same magnitude as that reported for the U.S. west coast. The western part; on the other hand, shows a decreasing trend. The maximum estimated 100-year SWHs (denoted by SWH100) are 19.1 m, 22.6 m and 26.7 m for the Gumbel, Weibull, and the GEV distributions, respectively. The estimates obtained here using the Weibull distribution are comparable to those obtained independently by API (API—American Petroleum Institute, 2007, “Interim Guidance on Hurricane Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico,” API Bulletin No. 2INT-MET). However, the use of objective criteria to identify the optimal distribution suggests that the GEV estimates are to be preferred if the engineer wishes to emphasize the upper tail where extremes are likely to occur. The maximum increase in the SWH100 due to the 2004–2008 season is of the order of 0.9 m to 2.7 m (depending as the distribution). Information generated here is intended to supplement the design recommendations provided by API (American Petroleum Institute, 2007, “Interim Guidance on Hurricane Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico,” API Bulletin No. 2INT-MET).
Reduction of operating system jitter caused by page reclaim (2014)

Operating system jitter is one of the major causes of runtime overhead in applications of high performance computing. Jitter results from the execution of services by the operating system kernel, such as interrupt handling and tasklets, or the execution of various daemon processes developed in order to provide operating system services, such as memory management daemons. This execution interrupts application computations and increases their execution time. Jitter significantly affects applications where many processes or threads frequently synchronize with each other. In this paper, we investigate the impact of jitter caused by reclaiming memory pages, and propose a method for reducing the impact. The target operating system is Linux. When the Linux kernel runs out of memory, the kernel awakens a special kernel thread to reclaim memory pages that are unlikely to be used in the near future. If the kernel thread is frequently awakened, application performance is degraded because of its resource consumption. The proposed method can reclaim memory pages in advance of the kernel thread. It reclaims more pages at one time than the kernel thread, thus reducing the frequency of page reclaim and the impact of jitter. We implement a system based on the proposed method and conduct an experiment using practical weather forecast software. Results of the experiment show that the proposed method minimizes performance degradation caused by jitter.
Vertical partitioning for database design: a graphical algorithm (1989)

Vertical partitioning is the process of subdividing the attributes of a relation or a record type, creating fragments. Previous approaches have used an iterative binary partitioning method which is based on clustering algorithms and mathematical cost functions. In this paper, however, we propose a new vertical partitioning algorithm using a graphical technique. This algorithm starts from the attribute affinity matrix by considering it as a complete graph. Then, forming a linearly connected spanning tree, it generates all meaningful fragments simultaneously by considering a cycle as a fragment. We show its computational superiority. It provides a cleaner alternative without arbitrary objective functions and provides an improvement over our previous work on vertical partitioning.
Dissolution Media for In Vitro Testing of Water-Insoluble Drugs: Effect of Surfactant Purity and Electrolyte on In Vitro Dissolution of Carbamazepine in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (1997)

The intrinsic dissolution rate and solubility of carbamazepine was measured in aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) prepared with two different grades of purity, 95 and 99%, and 95% SLS in 0.15 M NaCl to determine the effect of surface-active impurities and electrolytes. Four significant observations resulted from this work: (1) the equilibrium coefficients calculated from the solubility experiments in the 99% SLS, 95% SLS, and 95% with 0.15 M NaCl SLS solutions were 295, 265, and 233 L/mol, respectively; (2) the dissolution rate enhancement in the 99% SLS was 10% greater than that in the 95% SLS and 95% with 0.15 M NaCl solutions, which were not significantly different; (3) the diffusion coefficients of the drug-loaded micelles estimated from the dissolution experiments were 8.4 x 10(-7) cm2/s for the 99% SLS, 9.5 x 10(-7) cm2/s for the 95% SLS, and 1.2 x 10(-6) cm2/s for the 95% with 0.15 M NaCl; and (4) the critical micelle concentrations for the 99% SLS, 95% SLS, and 95% SLS with 0.15M NaCl were 6.8, 4.2, and 0.35 mM, respectively. The results of this study clearly illustrate the sensitivity of the micelle to impurities and electrolytes with regard to size and loading capacity and the effect these changes have on the solubility and dissolution rate. Therefore, when using surfactants in dissolution media for in vitro testing of dosage forms, consideration must be given to the level of impurities present so that the results are consistent and reliable. Intrinsic dissolution rate, surface tension, or solubility measurements may be useful, convenient methods for identifying changes in the surfactant due to either degradation or lot-to-lot variability.
Perlecan-Induced Suppression of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Is Mediated Through Increased Activity of the Tumor Suppressor PTEN (2003)

We were interested in the elucidation of the interaction between the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, and PTEN in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth. We verified serum-stimulated DNA synthesis, and Akt and FAK phosphorylation were significantly reduced in SMCs overexpressing wild-type PTEN. Our previous studies showed perlecan is a potent inhibitor of serum-stimulated SMC growth. We report in the present study, compared with SMCs plated on fibronectin, serum-stimulated SMCs plated on perlecan exhibited increased PTEN activity, decreased FAK and Akt activities, and high levels of p27, consistent with SMC growth arrest. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of constitutively active Akt reversed perlecan-induced SMC growth arrest while morpholino antisense-mediated loss of endogenous PTEN resulted in increased growth and phosphorylation of FAK and Akt of SMCs on perlecan. Immunohistochemical and Western analyses of balloon-injured rat carotid artery tissues showed a transient increase in phosphoPTEN (inactive) after injury, correlating to high rates of neointimal cell replication; phosphoPTEN was largely limited to actively replicating SMCs. Similarly, in the developing rat aorta, we found increased PTEN activity associated with increased perlecan deposition and decreased SMC replication rates. However, significantly decreased PTEN activity was detected in aortas of perlecan-deficient mouse embryos, consistent with SMC hyperplasia observed in these animals, compared with E17.5 heterozygous controls that produce abundant amounts of perlecan at this developmental time point. Our data show PTEN is a potent endogenously produced inhibitor of SMC growth and increased PTEN activity mediates perlecan-induced suppression of SMC proliferation.
Occurrence of terminal α2 →8-linked disialylated poly-<i>N</i>-acetyllactosamine chains with Le<sup>x</sup> and I antigenic glycotopes in tetraantennary arms of an <i>N</i>-linked glycoprotein isolated from rainbow trout ovarian fluid (1997)

The Pronase digestion of a 54K glycoprotein present in ovarian fluid of rainbow trout yielded a major glycopeptide. Carbohydrate compositional analysis revealed that this glycopeptide was likely to possess a single large N-glycan chain having low molecular weight oligomers of N-acetylneuraminic acid (oligoNeu5Ac). Structural studies of this glycopeptide revealed novel alpha 2-->8-linked disialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains with Le(X) and I antigenic determinants on the N-linked tetraantennary core glycan. In our recent studies (Kitazume,S., Kitajima,K., Inoue,S., Inoue,Y. and Troy,F.A. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10330-10340) we presented evidence that synthesis of alpha 2-->8-linked polysialic acid (polySia) chains is a two-step process in which chain initiation is catalyzed by an alpha 2-->8-sialyltransferase (alpha 2-->8-ST; initiase) that catalyzes synthesis of the first Sia alpha 2-->8-linkage, forming the disialic acid (diSia) unit, Sia alpha 2-->8-Sia alpha 2-->6-Gal-. Chain polymerization is then postulated to be catalyzed by a second enzyme, an alpha 2-->8-polyST ("polymerase") that converts the diSia units to polySia chains. The present structural studies leading to the discovery of alpha 2-->8-linked disialylated units that terminate poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains in an N-linked glycoprotein is further evidence in support of our hypothesis that more than one sialyltransferase activity is required for polySia chain synthesis and polymerization.
Dynamic modeling of a rotating beam having a tip mass (2008)

This paper presents a dynamic model of a flexible hub-beam system with a tip mass. With the consideration of the second-order term of the coupling deformation field, dynamic equations of the flexible hub-beam system are developed by using assumed mode method (AMM) and Lagrangian principle. The corresponding dynamics model of the tip mass is developed in a consistent manner. Numerical simulations and Theoretical analysis show that the second-order term has a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the system and the dynamic stiffening is accounted for. The effect of tip mass on dynamic behavior of the multibody system is also discussed.
Neuropathies et dysglobulinémies monoclonales : étude immunopathologique ultrastructurale de la biopsie nerveuse dans 7 cas. (1999)

International audience
Determination of High-Grade Resource Recovery of Acetone Extractives of Masson Pine(Pinus Massoniana L.) Wood Chips by Py-GC/MS (2008)

The extractives from masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) wood would not only consume bleaching agent and other additives, but also aggravate environmental pollution. Therefore, Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovery of acetone extractives of masson pine wood. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main and abundant constituents of 590degC pyrolysis product of masson pine wood were 1-phenanthrene carboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, [lR-(1.alpha.,4a.beta.,10a.alpha.)]-(17.51%), oleic acid(17.13%), pimaric acid(12.64%), 1-Hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthen-(6.08%), 9H-thioxanthen-9-one, 2-methyl-(4.49%), hexadecanoic acid(3.12%), 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, ,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-,1S-[(1.alpha.,4a.alpha.,10a.beta.)]-(2.56%), orphinan-2,6-diol, ,5- epoxy-N-methyl-(2.96%), phenanthrene,-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9-dodecahydro-1,1,4b,7-tetramethyl-,4aS-[(4a.alpha.,4b.beta.,7.alpha.,8a.alpha.)]- (2.41%),etc. The analytic result suggested that the benzene/ethanol extractives of masson pine wood can be used as materials of biomedicine, flavor, skin care and cosmetic, and bioenergy.
ChemInform Abstract: The Combination of Hydrogen Fluoride with Organic Bases as Fluorination Agents (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A hidden Markov model approach to characterizing the photo-switching behavior of fluorophores (2017)

Abstract Fluorescing molecules (fluorophores) that stochastically switch between photon-emitting and dark states underpin some of the most celebrated advancements in super-resolution microscopy. While this stochastic behavior has been heavily exploited, full characterization of the underlying models can potentially drive forward further imaging methodologies. Under the assumption that fluorophores move between fluorescing and dark states as continuous time Markov processes, the goal is to use a sequence of images to select a model and estimate the transition rates. We use a hidden Markov model to relate the observed discrete time signal to the hidden continuous time process. With imaging involving several repeat exposures of the fluorophore, we show the observed signal depends on both the current and past states of the hidden process, producing emission probabilities that depend on the transition rate parameters to be estimated. To tackle this unusual coupling of the transition and emission probabilities, we conceive transmission (transition-emission) matrices that capture all dependencies of the model. We provide a scheme of computing these matrices and adapt the forward-backward algorithm to compute a likelihood which is readily optimized to provide rate estimates. When confronted with several model proposals, combining this procedure with the Bayesian Information Criterion provides accurate model selection.
SLAP Lesions: History, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Results (2000)

Buford, Don A. Jr. M.D.; Karzel, Ronald P. M.D.; Snyder, Stephen J. M.D. Author Information
Techniques in Water Hammer Control and Surge Suppression (1967)

The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC) has given special attention to the problem of water hammer and pressure surges. The district, which supplies the coastal plain of Southern California, has experimented successfully with corrective devices on its 242‐mile Colorado River aqueduct and 440‐mile distribution system. MWDSC has demonstrated that water hammer pressures can be controlled by the careful design of a pipeline, the selection of appropriate equipment, and the adequate programming of control devices. It is certainly desirable to control water hammer during the design stages; corrective steps, however, can be taken if excessive water hammer pressures are experienced during operation of a system.
Unintentional covert motor activations predict behavioral effects: Multilevel modeling of trial‐level electrophysiological motor activations (2010)

The present experiment measured an EEG indicator of motor cortex activation, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), while participants performed a speeded category classification task. The LRP data showed that visually masked words triggered covert motor activations. These prime-induced motor activations preceded motor activations by subsequent (to-be-classified) visible target words. Multilevel statistical analyses of trial-level effects, applied here for the first time with electrophysiological data, revealed that accuracy and latency of classifying target words was affected by both (a) covert motor activations caused by visually masked primes and (b) spontaneous fluctuations in covert motor activations. Spontaneous covert motor fluctuations were unobserved with standard subject-level (multi-trial) analyses of grand-averaged LRPs, highlighting the utility of multilevel modeling of trial-level effects.
High sensitivity slip sensor using pressure conductive rubber (2009)

Slip detecting tactile sensors are essential to achieve a human-like gripping motion with a robot hand. In previous researches, we have proposed flexible, thin and lightweight slip sensor utilizing characteristics of pressure conductive rubber. However, It was hard for this sensor to distinguish between the object slip and the normal force change. Therefore, we consider the separative method using high frequency elements generated by object slipping. In this paper, we design the information processing method and developed the sensor detecting both contact and initial slip in high sensitivity and a simple composition.
Clear cell carcinoma has an expression pattern of cell cycle regulatory molecules that is unique among ovarian adenocarcinomas (1999)

Among ovarian adenocarcinomas, clear cell carcinoma exhibits a unique pattern of expression of cell cycle regulatory molecules, though in this study the survival of the patients did not correlate with histologic subtype, only with clinical stage.
Observation of the effect of swirl on flame propagation and the derived heat release and mass burning rates (1987)

A high speed research engine has optical access to over 80 per cent of the combustion chamber volume through a piston with a quartz window. The engine has been used to study the effect of swirl on the spark ignited combustion by means of high speed photography and analysis of combustion time data. Results over the speed, swirl and mixture strength range show the flame travel derived from the pressure to agree with the measured flame travel to within 3 per cent on average. Turbulent to laminar flame speed ratios as high as 45 occur under high swirl conditions. However it was not possible to find a predictive model which could explain the turbulent flame speed in terms of engine design variables (a).
The Design and Operation of a New Clapboard-type Internal Circulating Fluidized-bed Gasifier (2008)

The design and operation of a new clapboard-type internal circulating fluidized-bed gasifier is proposed in this article. By arranging the clapboard in the bed, the gasifier is thus divided into two regions, which are characterized by different fluidization velocities. The bed structure is designed so that it can guide the circulating flow passing through the two regions, and therefore the feedstock particles entrained in the flow experience longer residence time. The experimental results based on the present new design, operating in the temperature range of 790 degrees C-850 degrees C, indicate that the gas yield is from 1.6-1.9 Nm(3)/kg feedstock, the gas enthalpies are 5,345 kJ/Nm(3) for wood chip and 4,875 kJ/m(3) for rice husk, and a gasification efficiency up to 75% can be obtained.
Genetic control of natural resistance in mouse macrophages regulating intracellular Legionella pneumophila multiplication in vitro (1991)

It is known that Legionella pneumophila proliferates in peritoneal macrophage cultures derived from A/J mice but not in macrophage cultures derived from many other strains, including C57BL/6 mice. To analyze the genetic control of this trait and the location of the Legionella resistance-susceptibility gene, we prepared segregating progeny of A/J and C57BL/6 mice and determined the levels of susceptibility of individual mice. Peritoneal macrophages were collected by injecting thioglycolate medium, and macrophage monolayers were infected in vitro with L. pneumophila Philadelphia-1. Counting of colonies on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar plates and Gimenez staining of macrophage monolayers were carried out daily. There was a 10-fold increase in bacterial burden 1 day after infection and a 100-fold increase after 2 days in A/J (susceptible) macrophages. The increase in bacterial burden was always less than 10-fold in macrophages from C57BL/6 (resistant) progenitors, A/J x C57BL/6 F1 hybrids, and C57BL/6 x F1 backcross progeny. The ratios of resistant individuals to susceptible individuals were 22:6 for F2 progeny and 20:22 for A/J x F1 backcross progeny. The fact that the organism did not proliferate in macrophages from B10.A mice demonstrated that major histocompatibility antigens did not regulate the macrophage resistance of C57BL/6-derived mice. The sex and coat color genes of mice were not linked to the resistance-susceptibility gene. We suggest that resistance and susceptibility are controlled by a single gene or closely linked genes which are autosomal and that the resistance allele is dominant. The results of a comparison of the strain distribution pattern of this trait with the distribution pattern of 185 allelic markers in A/J x C57BL/6 and C57BL/6 x A/J recombinant inbred strains suggest that this susceptibility-resistance gene is located in the proximal part of chromosome 15.