gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of automatic variable single hitch point for 2WD tractors – A theoretical analysis (2015)

Software is developed in Visual Basic 6 environment for predicting the haulage performance of 2WD tractor. Three types of inputs namely tractor, trailer and operating parameters are required to run the software. Various empirical and theoretical equations were used for predicting the haulage performance parameters such as draft, slip, actual speed, transport productivity, transport efficiency, fuel economy index, front and rear wheel utilization factor etc. In addition to this, the software also gives a warning signal when either stability of tractor or engine power fails. It was used to evaluate the haulage performance by varying the hitch height (HH) at various operating conditions. It was observed that there is a significant increase in the maximum payload 78, 300 and 3300% while HH was lowered from 0.7 to 0.1 m at 0, 5 and 10° slope, respectively. However, the dynamic load on rear axle increased from 1470 to 1730 and 1500 to 1820 kg when HH increased from 0.1 to 0.7 m at 800 and 1000 kg payload, respectively. Further, it was observed that fuel economy index was reduced by 6.3% and engine power requirement by 4.23% at 800 kg payload when HH was raised from 0.1 to 0.7 m. It was observed that stability of tractor increases by lowering the HH, however, traction increases by raising the same. Hence, it was concluded that variable HH can meet the requirements of stability as well as traction during transport as per necessity.
syn and anti Cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to bisdialine (1995)

G. Delogu, D. Fabbri, F. Fabris, F. Sbrogiò, G. Valle and O. De Lucchi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1887 DOI: 10.1039/C39950001887
Executive summary on the use of ultrasound in the critically ill: consensus report from the 3rd Course on Acute Care Ultrasound (CACU) (2017)

Over the past decades, ultrasound (US) has gained its place in the armamentarium of monitoring tools in the intensive care unit (ICU). Critical care ultrasonography (CCUS) is the combination of general CCUS (lung and pleural, abdominal, vascular) and CC echocardiography, allowing prompt assessment and diagnosis in combination with vascular access and therapeutic intervention. This review summarises the findings, challenges lessons from the 3rd Course on Acute Care Ultrasound (CACU) held in November 2015, Antwerp, Belgium. It covers the different modalities of CCUS; touching on the various aspects of training, clinical benefits and potential benefits. Despite the benefits of CCUS, numerous challenges remain, including the delivery of CCUS training to future intensivists. Some of these are discussed along with potential solutions from a number of national European professional societies. There is a need for an international agreed consensus on what modalities are necessary and how best to deliver training in CCUS.
The modern urologist—still a surgeon? (1998)

Department of Urology, Johannes‐Gutenberg‐University, Medical School, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Abbreviation; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia
Untersuchungen an oxidischen Katalysatoren. XXIX. Spektroskopische und katalytische Untersuchungen an Ni<sup>2+</sup>‐, Co<sup>2+</sup>‐, Cr<sup>3+</sup>‐ und Cu<sup>2+</sup>‐ausgetauschten Mordeniten (1979)

Abstract NiNaM, CoNaM, CrNaM und CuNaM (M = Mordenit) wurden durch UV‐VIS‐Spektroskopie, EPR‐ und IR‐Untersuchungen charakterisiert und die erhaltenen Ergebnisse mit der katalytischen Aktivität und dem Aktivitäts‐Zeit‐Verhalten dieser Proben bei der Spaltung von n‐Octan und der Formselektivität in der Spaltung eines Gemisches von n/iso‐Octan verglichen. Wassermolekeln als Liganden der eingetauschten Kationen können dissoziieren und so einen Beitrag zur Brönsted‐Acidität liefern. Die Brönsted‐Zentren können als katalytisch aktive Zentren in der Spaltreaktion angesehen werden. Nichtreduzierte Übergangsmetallkationen vergrößern die Neigung des Mordenits zum „Verkoken”︁ wesentlich. Die nichtreduzierten Co 2+ ‐ und Cr 3+ ‐Kationen, für die eine Position im Hauptkanal angenommen werden kann, wirken als zusätzliche Diffusionsbremse auf die verzweigte Paraffinmolekel und erhöhen die Formselektivität des Mordenits.
Challenges of Automating the Detection of Paedophile Activity on the Internet (2006)

This review paper outlines the need for research into the process of automating the detection of paedophile activities on the Internet and identifies the associated challenges of the research area. The paper overviews and analyses technologies associated with the use of the Internet by paedophiles in terms of event information that each technology potentially provides. It also reviews the anonymity challenges presented by these technologies. The paper presents methods for currently uncharted research that would aid in the process of automating the detection of paedophile activities on the Internet.
Numerical evaluation of moiré pattern in touch sensor module with electrode mesh structure in oblique view (2016)

Capacitive touch sensor screen with the metal materials has recently become qualified for substitution of ITO; however several obstacles still have to be solved. One of the most important issues is moiré phenomenon. The visibility problem of the metal-mesh, in touch sensor module (TSM) is numerically considered in this paper. Based on human eye contract sensitivity function (CSF), moiré pattern of TSM electrode mesh structure is simulated with MATLAB software for 8 inch screen display in oblique view. Standard deviation of the generated moiré by the superposition of electrode mesh and screen image is calculated to find the optimal parameters which provide the minimum moiré visibility. To create the screen pixel array and mesh electrode, rectangular function is used. The filtered image, in frequency domain, is obtained by multiplication of Fourier transform of the finite mesh pattern (product of screen pixel and mesh electrode) with the calculated CSF function for three different observer distances (L=200, 300 and 400 mm). It is observed that the discrepancy between analytical and numerical results is less than 0.6% for 400 mm viewer distance. Moreover, in the case of oblique view due to considering the thickness of the finite film between mesh electrodes and screen, different points of minimum standard deviation of moiré pattern are predicted compared to normal view.
Coordinated police agents to manage pedestrian flow in an urban crisis situation (2009)

This paper introduces the agent-based Crisis Operations Simulation Framework, with its component elements, for studying pedestrian crowd behavior and potential use of police resources for crowd management and safety in the context of an urban crisis situation. Agent-based models of both the cognitive, affective pedestrian agents with personality features and the cognitive police agents are presented. An illustrative simulation investigating police coordination to facilitate pedestrian traffic flow in the presence of a small fire event is presented. The detailed pedestrian agent models have been developed using tools of the Crisis Operations framework, as has the geometry of the city area.
5C6-F4, a novel 100,000-dalton rat lymphocyte activation antigen defined by monoclonal antibody. (1986)

Con A-activated rat thymocytes were used to immunize mice, and immune spleen cells were fused with NS/1 myeloma cells. One clone, designated 5C6-F4, reacted strongly with Con A-activated rat thymocytes and some LPS-activated rat spleen cells but not with normal thymocytes, spleen cells, or bone marrow cells of rat origin. The 5C6-F4 did not react with Con A-activated thymocytes of mouse origin. Immunoprecipitation of 5C6-F4 antigen from surface-iodinated Con A-activated rat thymocytes or LPS-activated rat spleen cells revealed its m.w. to be approximately 100,000. The kinetic studies of the expression of 5C6-F4 antigen revealed that 5C6-F4 antigen was detectable at 6 hr after Con A stimulation of rat spleen cells, whereas IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) was detectable at 12 hr. The appearance of 5C6-F4 antigen and IL 2R precede the onset of DNA synthesis of Con A-activated spleen cells. Thus, 5C6-F4 antigen is classified as early activation antigen. The 5C6-F4 inhibits the lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogen and the IL 2-driven rat T cell proliferation. Sequential immunoprecipitation study as well as binding inhibition study indicated that the 5C6-F4 antigen is distinct from IL 2R molecule. The 5C6-F4 antigen appears to be a novel rat lymphocyte activation antigen that exhibits immunoregulatory function and also may serve as a useful marker of T cell activation.
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology in 2013 (2012)

The Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology (http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org) is a peer-reviewed internet journal/encyclopaedia/database focused on genes implicated in cancer, cytogenetics and clinical entities in cancer and cancer-prone hereditary diseases. The main goal of the Atlas is to provide review articles that describe complementary topics, namely, genes, genetic abnormalities, histopathology, clinical diagnoses and a large iconography. This description, which was historically based on karyotypic abnormalities and in situ hybridization (fluorescence in situ hybridization) techniques, now benefits from comparative genomic hybridization and massive sequencing, uncovering a tremendous amount of genetic rearrangements. As the Atlas combines different types of information (genes, genetic abnormalities, histopathology, clinical diagnoses and external links), its content is currently unique. The Atlas is a cognitive tool for fundamental and clinical research and has developed into an encyclopaedic work. In clinical practice, it contributes to the cytogenetic diagnosis and may guide treatment decision making, particularly regarding rare diseases (because they are numerous and are frequently encountered). Readers as well as the authors of the Atlas are researchers and/or clinicians.
AN ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE LOW-ZONE TOLERANCE TO TISSUE ALLOANTIGENS (1969)

SUMMARY The injection of low doses of a transplantation antigen rendered water soluble with the enzyme phospholipase A failed to prolong the survival of skin grafted across an H-2 barrier 1, 4, or 12 days after treatment or to suppress the production of hemagglutinating antibodies following grafting. Skin grafted 1 day after i.v. injection of 0.5 mg and 12 days after the injection of 5.0 mg of phospholipase A-digested lipoprotein showed the longest survivals. Injection of 10 µg and 50 µg were followed by accelerated rejection, particularly when grafted 12 days after injection. Skin grafted 12 days after the injection of 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg was also rejected in an accelerated fashion. The degree of acceleration obtained utilizing the i.v. route of administration was less than that observed in earlier studies utilizing the s.c. route. No correlation could be drawn between the speed of rejection and the strength of the hemagglutinin response following grafting. Possible reasons for the failure to produce low-zone tolerance are: the choice of an inappropriate time-dose schedule, the utilization of an inappropriate antigen, or the inapplicability of low-zone tolerance to the production of cellular immunity.
Stress-induced enhancement of colitis in rats: CRF and arginine vasopressin are not involved (1997)

Because exacerbation of colitis seems to be associated with stress, we proposed evaluating the influence of stress and the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) on experimental colitis in rats. Partial restraint stress was applied during 4 consecutive days, before or after intracolonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNB) instillation (15 mg) in rats. Finally, two groups of rats were centrally injected with alpha-helical CRF-(9-41) (5 micrograms) or AVP antagonist (5 micrograms) before each session of stress. Stress was applied before or right after TNB enhanced colitis, with an increase in macroscopic and histological scores and myeloperoxidase activity, alpha-Helical CRF-(9-41) or AVP antagonist had no effect on TNB-induced colitis but enhanced the effects of stress on colitis. These results show that stress may exacerbate experimental colitis in rats and that CRF and AVP are not responsible for this effect.
Drawing Binary Tanglegrams: An Experimental Evaluation (2009)

A tanglegram is a pair of trees whose leaf sets are in one-to-one correspondence; matching leaves are connected by inter-tree edges. In applications such as phylogenetics or hierarchical clustering, it is required that the individual trees are drawn crossing-free. A natural optimization problem, denoted tanglegram layout problem, is thus to minimize the number of crossings between inter-tree edges. The tanglegram layout problem is NP-hard even for complete binary trees, for general binary trees the problem is hard to approximate if the Unique Games Conjecture holds. In this paper we present an extensive experimental comparison of a new and several known heuristics for the general binary case. We measure the performance of the heuristics with a simple integer linear program and a new exact branch-and-bound algorithm. The new heuristic returns the first solution that the branch-and-bound algorithm computes (in quadratic time). Surprisingly, in most cases this simple heuristic is at least as good as the best of the other heuristics.
CHROMOSOME 21 COPY NUMBER BUT NOT TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION PREDICTS OUTCOME IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: A LARGE CASE-CONTROL RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY COHORT ANALYSIS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009CHROMOSOME 21 COPY NUMBER BUT NOT TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION PREDICTS OUTCOME IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: A LARGE CASE-CONTROL RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY COHORT ANALYSIS George J Netto, Antoun Toubaji, and Roula Albadine George J NettoGeorge J Netto More articles by this author , Antoun ToubajiAntoun Toubaji More articles by this author , and Roula AlbadineRoula Albadine More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)62271-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "CHROMOSOME 21 COPY NUMBER BUT NOT TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION PREDICTS OUTCOME IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: A LARGE CASE-CONTROL RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY COHORT ANALYSIS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), pp. 814–815 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 814-815 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information George J Netto More articles by this author Antoun Toubaji More articles by this author Roula Albadine More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
An elementary and constructive solution to Hilbert's 17th Problem for matrices (2006)

We give a short and elementary proof of a theorem of Procesi, Schacher and (independently) Gondard, Ribenboim that generalizes a famous result of Artin. Let $A$ be an $n \times n$ symmetric matrix with entries in the polynomial ring $\mathbb R[x_1,...,x_m]$. The result is that if $A$ is postive semidefinite for all substitutions $(x_1,...,x_m) \in \mathbb R^m$, then $A$ can be expressed as a sum of squares of symmetric matrices with entries in $\mathbb R(x_1,...,x_m)$. Moreover, our proof is constructive and gives explicit representations modulo the scalar case.
N-[(Arylmethoxy)phenyl] and N-[(arylmethoxy)naphthyl] sulfonamides: potent orally active leukotriene d4 antagonists of novel structure (1989)

Two series of compounds, N-[(arylmethoxy)phenyl] sulfonamides and N-[(arylmethoxy)naphthyl] sulfonamides, were prepared as leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonists. In the phenyl series, N-[3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)phenyl]-trifluoromethanesulfonamide (Wy-48,252, 16) was the most potent inhibitor of LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. With an intragastric ID50 of 0.1 mg/kg (2-h pretreatment), 16 was 300 times more potent than LY-171,883. Compound 16 also intragastrically inhibited ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig with an ID50 of 0.6 mg/kg. In vitro against LTD4-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea pretreated with indomethacin and L-cysteine, 16 produced a pKB value of 7.7. In the rat PMN assay 16 inhibited both 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (IC50's = 4.6 and 3.3 microM). In the naphthyl series, N-[7-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)-2-naphthyl]trifluoromethanesulfonamide (Wy-48,090, 47) in addition to potent LTD4 antagonist activity (on isolated guinea pig trachea 47 had a pKB value of 7.04) also had antiinflammatory activity (63% inhibition at 50 mg/kg in the rat carrageenan paw edema assay and 34% inhibition of TPA-induced inflammation at 1 mg/ear in the mouse ear edema model). Perhaps the antiinflammatory activity of 47 was due to its additional activity of inhibiting both 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes (IC50's = 0.23 and 11.9 microM, respectively, in rat PMN).
Panitumumab: a new frontier of target therapy for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (2010)

Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal IgG(2) antibody targeting the EGF receptor (EGFR). This agent represents a new class of drug owing to its fully human nature, and no need for premedication and loading dose. Panitumumab selectively binds to EGFR, blocking the extracellular domain of the receptor, and has not been associated with the formation of any antibodies directed against it. The drug is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma with non-mutated (wild-type) KRAS after failure of fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens. The safety profile is favorable and is generally well tolerated; the most common toxicities are skin rashes and diarrhea. Therefore, panitumumab's hypersensitivity reaction rate is lower when compared with a chimeric monoclonal antibody such as cetuximab. Panitumumab increases the clinician's repertoire of agents to treat metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The available clinical data are the most promising for a single-agent anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody in this disease at the present time. These new data open different clinical scenarios in metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients and encourage clinicians and basic researchers to investigate new therapeutic approaches for this patient subset.
Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder (2006)

In a longitudinal study, the authors explore the course of general cognition in anorexia nervosa (AN) over time and compare general cognitive problems, executive function deficits, attentional problems and visuomotor dysfunctions across AN individuals and healthy controls. A community-based sample of adolescent onset AN cases (n=40-47) was contrasted with an age-, sex- and school matched comparison group (n=47-51) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Luria word recall test at a mean age of 24 years. Only two of the cases tested were underweight at the time of the study. The Wechsler scale had also been administered when the groups had a mean age of 21 years. There were few differences across the two groups even though the comparison group performed significantly better on the Object Assembly subtest of the WAIS-R. IQ increased slightly but significantly over time in both groups. There was no relationship between level of starvation and poor results on tests in the AN group. A subgroup of the subjects had autism spectrum disorders. In this subgroup there were cases with test profiles similar to those observed in autism and Asperger syndrome, just as there had been on testing three years previously. Ten years after AN onset, the former AN cases showed no major neuropsychological deficits. A subgroup with autistic features had test profiles similar to those observed in autism spectrum disorders. The AN group as a whole showed poor results on the object assembly subtest indicating weak central coherence with a tendency to focus on details at the expense of configural information. This cognitive style may account for their obsession with details, with implications for psychoeducational approaches in treatment programmes/interventions.
PERSONALITY CHANGES IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME* (1952)

IN THE past five years there has been an increasing number of reports describing mental disturbances precipitated by treatment with ACTH and cortisone (1, 2). Another sequel of administering excess ACTH is the occurrence of the typical Cushing's syndrome (3). Thus there arises the question whether the hormonal changes that are responsible for this syndrome may not also represent a chemical basis for the psychiatric changes. Since the original description by Dr. Cushing in 1932 (4), various authors have recognized that mental disturbances are frequent concomitants of the syndrome. Many papers make brief or casual reference to extreme depression and dullness. In the past, however, these emotional alterations have almost always been attributed to poor social adjustment secondary to the often repulsive appearance of these patients. The mental symptoms were regarded as nonspecific affective disorders which were interpreted as the result of self-consciousness. Maclay and Stokes (5) and Schlesinger and Horwitz (6) were among the first to suggest specificity in the relation between the psychosis and endocrine dysfunction in this syndrome.
A METHOD FOR DEVELOPING BRACHYURAN EGGS <i>IN VITRO</i>1 (1960)

The larvae of six species of Brachyura have been successfully hatched by detaching the eggs from the female, placing them in compartmented boxes, and maintaining them on an Eberbach variable speed shaker at constant temperatures at different salinities. In addition to providing thousands of normal larvae of known species for experimental purposes, the method has the following advantages: it provides adequate aeration, prevents the spread of fungi and protozoans throughout the egg mass, and permits the use of a relatively small number of eggs from the same animal in a limited space.
Transmembrane movement of a water-soluble analogue of mannosylphosphoryldolichol is mediated by an endoplasmic reticulum protein. (1995)

Based on topological studies mannosylphosphoryldolichol (Man-P-Dol) is synthesized on the cytoplasmic face of the RER, but functions as a mannosyl donor in Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol biosynthesis after the mannosyl-phosphoryl headgroup diffuses transversely to the luminal compartment. The transport of mannosylphosphorylcitronellol (Man-P-Cit), a water-soluble analogue of Man-P-Dol, by microsomal vesicles from mouse liver, has been investigated as a potential experimental approach to determine if a membrane protein(s) mediates the transbilayer movement of Man-P-Dol. For these studies beta-[3H]Man-P-Cit was synthesized enzymatically with a partially purified preparation of Man-P-undecaprenol synthase from Micrococcus luteus. The uptake of the radiolabeled water-soluble analogue was found to be (a) time dependent; (b) stereoselective; (c) dependent on an intact permeability barrier; (d) saturable; (e) protease-sensitive; and (f) highest in ER-enriched vesicles relative to Golgi complex-enriched vesicles and intact mitochondria. Consistent with the involvement of a membrane protein, the analogue did not enter synthetic phosphatidylcholine-liposomes. [3H]Man-P-Cit also was not transported by human erythrocytes. These results indicate that the transport of Man-P-Cit by sealed microsomal vesicles from mouse liver is mediated by a membrane protein transport system. It is possible that the same membrane protein(s) participates in the transbilayer movement of Man-P-Dol in the ER.
Monolithic GaAs injection mesa lasers with grown optical facets (1974)

Nondiscrete GaAs electrical injection lasers with vapor-grown optical facets have been fabricated for the first time.