gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of <sup>125</sup>I‐labeled human growth hormone in immature, hypophysectomized rats pretreated with ACTH or unlabeled human growth hormone (1974)

Abstract Whole‐body autoradiograms were prepared from intact and hypophysectomized (Hypox) rats after receiving 125 I‐HGH iv. In addition, some hypox rats received unlabeled HGH or ACTH six minutes before receiving the 125 I‐HGH. Hypox rats had greater concentrations of radioactive material in the renal cortex, adrenal cortex, liver and submandibular gland than was present in blood. Pretreatment with ACTH increased the radioactive material in the inner zones of the adrenal cortex; liver and renal cortex contained more radioactive material than blood; and the submandibular gland contained an amount equal to that in blood. Pretreatment with unlabeled HGH greatly suppressed uptake of radioactivity in liver and adrenal cortex and slightly increased the uptake in the renal cortex. Radioactivity could not be detected in the renal medulla or urine of any of the rats. No concentration of radioactive material greater than that seen in blood was present in any other organ or tissue in any of the groups. In the intact rats, the kidney and the adrenal cortex had the greatest concentrations of radioactivity, while the concentration in the liver was equal to that in blood. Autoradiograms were also prepared from sections from untreated hypox rats that were dipped in 125 I‐HGH solutions. These confirmed the presence of binding sites in the adrenal cortex and liver for 125 I‐HGH. No binding of radioactive material was seen in the kidney.
Kinetic Studies of the Non-Isothermal Decomposition of Unirradiated and Γ-Irradiated Gallium Acetylacetonate (2010)

The non-isothermal decompositions of unirradiated and γ-irradiated (10 2 kGy) gallium acetylacetonate Ga(acac) 3 were carried out in static air. The results showed that the decomposition of Ga(acac) 3 proceeds through multiple decomposition steps in the temperature range 150-310°C to produce Ga 2 O 3 as a final solid residue. Kinetic studies of the non-isothermal data for both unirradiated and γ-irradiated Ga(acac) 3 were performed using both model-fitting and model-free approaches. In a model-fitting approach, the kinetic triplet, i.e. The apparent activation energy E a , the pre-exponential factor ln A, and the reaction model f(α), were analyzed and calculated using the methods of Coats and Redfern, and Kennedy and Clark. In the model-free approach, the non-isothermal data for both unirradiated and γ-irradiated samples were analyzed using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Tang (T), and Vyazovkin (Vyz) isoconversional methods. The results of application of model-free and model-fitting approaches to the non-isothermal data for both unirradiated and γ-irradiated Ga(acac) 3 were compared and evaluated to deduce the most probable kinetic triplet that describes correctly the thermal behaviour of Ga(acac) 3 . No significant changes were observed in the behaviour of unirradiated and γ-irradiated Ga(acac) 3 either as regards their thermal decomposition or the calculated kinetic parameters.
Aneuploidy Affects Proliferation and Spontaneous Immortalization in Mammalian Cells (2008)

Aneuploidy, an incorrect number of chromosomes, is the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans and is a hallmark of cancer. We examined the effects of aneuploidy on primary mouse cells by generating a series of cell lines that carry an extra copy of one of four mouse chromosomes. In all four trisomic lines, proliferation was impaired and metabolic properties were altered. Immortalization, the acquisition of the ability to proliferate indefinitely, was also affected by the presence of an additional copy of certain chromosomes. Our data indicate that aneuploidy decreases not only organismal but also cellular fitness and elicits traits that are shared between different aneuploid cells.
Organocatalysed Synthesis of Selenium Containing Scaffolds (2020)

The synthesis of organoselenium compounds continues to be a very active research area, due to their distinct chemical, physical and biological properties. Selenium-based methods have developed rapidly over the past few years and organoselenium chemistry has become a very powerful tool in the hands of organic chemists. This review describes the synthesis of organocatalysed bioactive selenium scaffolds especially including transition metal-catalysed diaryl selenide synthesis, Cu-catalysed selenium scaffolds, Pd-catalysed selenium scaffolds, asymmetric catalysis, Nickel catalysed selenium scaffolds and Rh-catalysed selenium scaffolds.
Shelf life extension of liquid whole eggs by heat and bacteriocin treatment (2010)

During a 15-month period, samples of commercially pasteurised liquid whole egg (LWE) were tested for the presence of spoilage microflora. The total bacterial counts were 2.2 ± 0.6 log CFU/g and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were 1.9 ± 0.6 log CFU/g. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 2 samples. Out of the tested samples, 45 LAB were isolated and identified, with 30 strains identified as Enterococcus faecium, 12 as Enterococcus faecalis, and 3 as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. All strains, except 6 strains of E. faecium, possessed lipolytic activity. All the E. faecalis strains and one strain of E. faecium showed a high proteolytic activity, while moderate proteolytic activity was shown by 3 lactobacilli strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin and Micocin X was measured against groups of isolated strains, and ranged from 10.4 µg/ml to 41.7 µg/ml for nisin and from 0.2 mg/ml to 1.6 mg/ml for Micocin X. The LWEs supplemented with 6.25 mg/l of nisin or with 500 mg/ml of Micocin X were pasteurised at 65Â°C for 2.5 minutes. The shelf life of LWE with the addition of nisin or Micocin X stored under refrigerator conditions was extended by a minimum of 5 weeks.
Effects of epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) on gluconeogenesis, glucose oxidation, and glycogen synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes (1989)

Using isolated rat hepatocytes, we studied the effect of epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) (EGF-URO) on the incorporation of [3-14C]pyruvate into glucose and glycogen, on the incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glycogen, and on the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2. The effects of EGF-URO were compared with those of glucagon and insulin. EGF-URO, with an EC50 of 0.2 nM, enhanced by 34% (maximal stimulation) the conversion of [3-14C]pyruvate into glucose; no effect was observed on the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and on the incorporation of either pyruvate or glucose into glycogen. The effect of EGF-URO on pyruvate conversion to glucose was observed only when hepatocytes were preincubated with EGF-URO for 40 min prior to the addition of substrate. Glucagon (10 nM) increased the incorporation of [3-14C]pyruvate into glucose (44% above control); however, unlike EGF-URO, glucagon stimulated gluconeogenesis better without than with a preincubation period. Neither insulin nor EGF-URO (both 10 nM) affected the incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glycogen during a 20-min incubation period. However, at longer time periods of incubation with the substrate (60 instead 20 min), insulin (but not EGF-URO) increased the incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen; EGF-URO counteracted this stimulatory effect of insulin. In contrast with previous data, our work indicates that EGF-URO can, under certain conditions, counteract the effects of insulin and, like glucagon, promote gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.
Life Cycle Design of an Algal Biorefinery Featuring Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Effect of Reaction Conditions and an Alternative Pathway Including Microbial Regrowth (2014)

Algae are an appealing source for bioenergy due to their high yields relative to terrestrial energy crops. The high cost of production, however, has prohibited commercialization. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a technology that converts more of the algae into oil than alternative technologies, thereby reducing the amount of expensive pond infrastructure and energy required for cultivation. We incorporate recent experimental results into an analysis that models the economic and life cycle performance of an algal biorefinery across a range of reaction conditions. Two strategies are explored: one pathway with gasification of the aqueous waste products for onsite energy recovery and another pathway featuring cultivation of Escherichia coli on the aqueous products and recycling of the biomass back through the reactor for boosted oil yields. We found that the maximum net energy ratio of 1.9 and minimum global warming potential of 1.0 kg CO2e L-oil–1 occurred with gasification, along with the minimum reaction temperature explored, 250 °C, and reaction times close to 1 h. The optimal economic and occupied land results occurred at a maximum temperature of 400 °C and with the shortest reaction time explored of 5 min. The cost of algal oil at these conditions was $1.64 L-oil–1 (or $263 bbl–1). For the regrowth pathway, the land footprint could be further reduced by 10%, and the optimal cost could be reduced to $1.59 L-oil–1. Forgoing gasification had a significantly detrimental effect on the other two metrics. Given the importance of economics to an algal biorefinery’s operations, this could be a viable option.
Luces y sombras del arbitraje institucional en los litigios transnacionales (The Ligths and Shadows of Institutional Arbitration in Transnational Litigation) (2008)

Recently, heart rate variability (HRV) as a non-invasive measure for assessing the balance of autonomic nervous system has drawn more attentions and HRV analysis has become a focus of the ECG signal processing. QT interval represents the ventricular repolarization duration. QTV might reflect the balance of autonomic nervous system in other way. QTV analysis might complement HRV analysis. Because of the difficulty in detecting QT interval, RT interval is often used instead of QT interval. HRV and QTV detecting methods have been presented in this paper. After recording 24 h ECG signals, R fiducial marks are detected correctly and ectopic beats are removed. T peaks are detected on the basis of templet matching and correlation. The analysis in frequency domain consists of 24 h 3-dimensional frequency chart, as well as trends of HF/LF and HF, with fast Fourier transform and autoregressive techniques. We acquired ECG signals from subjects under controlled respiration in different frequencies. The results of HRV and RTV spectral analysis have shown that HF peak is modulated at the frequency of controlled respiration, which proves that HF peak is dependent on the vagal activity and our method is correct. The establishment of these methods has provided a basis for further research, and the development of HRV and QTV analysis techniques will be more helpful for early diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic assessment of some diseases.
Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonists improve deficits in initiation of movement and sensory motor integration in the unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease (2007)

Evidence obtained in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and preliminary clinical trials, indicates that adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists might represent a promising nondopaminergic therapeutic tool for the treatment of PD. Those studies demonstrated the ability of adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists to potentiate l-dopa-mediated motor improvement, whereas very little is known about counteraction of specific motor deficits and on the effects of these compounds when administered alone. To this aim we evaluated the effects of different adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists on initiation of movement deficits, gait impairment and sensory-motor deficits, induced in rats by a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. The following tests were used: (1) initiation time of stepping; (2) adjusting step (stepping with forelimb was measured as the forelimb was dragged laterally); (3) vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing (as index of sensory-motor integration deficits). Acute administration of the A(2A) receptor antagonists SCH 58261 (5 mg/kg i.p.) and ST 1535 (20 mg/kg i.p.) similarly to l-dopa (6 mg/kg i.p.) counteracted the impairments in the initiation time of stepping test, in the adjusting step and in the vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing induced by the lesion. The intensity of the effect was l-dopa > SCH 58261 > ST 1535. The results provide the first evidence that blockade of A(2A) receptors is effective in antagonizing specific motor deficit induced by DA neuron degeneration, such as initiation of movement and sensory-motor integration deficits, even without l-dopa combined administration.
Morphological Transformation of a Germanium Layer Grown on a Silicon Surface by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy at Low Temperatures (2005)

Multilayer Si/Ge nanostructures with germanium layers of different thicknesses are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures (<350°C) and studied using photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the germanium layer undergoes a morphological transformation when its thickness becomes equal to approximately five monolayers: an island relief transforms into a smooth undulating relief.
Cross‐linking density alters early metabolic activities in chondrocytes encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels and cultured in the rotating wall vessel (2008)

In designing a tissue engineering strategy for cartilage repair, selection of both the bioreactor, and scaffold is important to the development of a mechanically functional tissue. The hydrodynamic environment associated with many bioreactors enhances nutrient transport, but also introduces fluid shear stress, which may influence cellular response. This study examined the combined effects of hydrogel cross-linking and the hydrodynamic environment on early chondrocyte response. Specifically, chondrocytes were encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels having two different cross-linked structures, corresponding to a low and high cross-linking density. Both cross-linked gels yielded high water contents (92% and 79%, respectively) and mesh sizes of 150 and 60 A respectively. Cell-laden PEG hydrogels were cultured in rotating wall vessels (RWV) or under static cultures for up to 5 days. Rotating cultures yielded low fluid shear stresses (< or = 0.11 Pa) at the hydrogel periphery indicating a laminar hydrodynamic environment. Chondrocyte response was measured through total DNA content, total nitric oxide (NO) production, and matrix deposition for glycosaminoglycans (GAG). In static cultures, gel cross-linking had no effect on DNA content, NO production, or GAG production; although GAG production increased with culture time for both cross-linked gels. In rotating cultures, DNA content increased, NO production decreased, and overall GAG production decreased when compared to static controls for the low cross-linked gels. For the high cross-linked gels, the hydrodynamic environment had no effect on DNA content, but exhibited similar results to the low cross-linked gel for NO production, and matrix production. Our findings demonstrated that at early culture times, when there is limited matrix production, the hydrodynamic environment dramatically influences cell response in a manner dependent on the gel cross-linking, which may impact long-term tissue development.
Carcinogenic ability of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> possibly through oncogenic mutation of <i>KRAS</i> gene. (2013)

<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> is a parasitic flatworm that infects millions of people, mostly in the developing world, and is associated with high incidence of bladder cancer, although why is not clear. Previously, we have used CD-1 mice to show that <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> total antigen (Sh) has a carcinogenic ability. Sh intravesically instillation induced the development of several urothelial lesions, namely nodular hyperplasia and dysplasia (LGIUN-Low Grade Intra-Urothelial Neoplasia) after 40 weeks of treatment. These results suggested that Sh induce urothelium malignization. Bladder carcinoma frequently harbours gene mutations that constitutively activate the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras pathway for this reason we studied activating mutations in <i>KRAS</i> gene. Twenty percent of the bladders with dysplasia presented a <i>KRAS</i> mutation in codon 12 of exon 2. We concluded from these results that the parasite extract of <i>S. haematobium</i> has carcinogenic ability possibly through oncogenic mutation of <i>KRAS</i> gene.
Milling and Consolidation by Hot Rolling of Al-Fe-Cr Alloy (2008)

This paper discusses the preparation of partially amorphous Al90Fe5Cr5 and Al90Fe7Cr3 powder alloys by mechanical milling and their subsequent consolidation by hot milling. Samples milled for 60 hours showed a microstructure composed of amorphous phase and nanocrystalline Al. The heat treatment of these powders resulted in the equilibrium phases: fcc-Al + (Al3Fe and Al5Cr intermetallic phases). Hot rolling these powders at 430°C resulted in consolidated samples with a fine microstructure composed of Al, Al3Fe and Al5Cr intermetallic phases and high porosity. The high hardness values of about 417HV of the intermetallic compounds formed during the rolling process presented the main obstacle to obtaining totally homogenous and consolidated samples.
The Managerial Revolution (1942)

Journal Article The Managerial Revolution Get access The Managerial Revolution. By James Burnham. 1942. (New York [1941] and London: Putnam. 812′​′×512′​′ 271 pp. 7s. 6d.) Edmund Waller Edmund Waller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs Review Supplement, Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1942, Page 504, https://doi.org/10.2307/3025870 Published: 01 September 1942
Regional, Hemispheric and Global Modelling (2007)

Chemical transport models (CTMs) are important tools used to explore pollution transport pathways and to assess the impact of long-range transport on air pollutant concentrations in specific regions. There is growing interest in estimating the contribution of emission sources both near and far on ambient pollution levels. However, quantification requires methods for the diagnosis and analysis of intercontinental transport and dispersion, as well as procedures to track the contributions of specific source regions to pollution levels over regions of interest (i.e. the source-receptor (S/R) relationships). Such analyses are being done with regional and global scale CTMs. In this chapter we discuss the various modelling methods and approaches being used to predict pollution levels over regional and global scales, with a focus on issues related to estimating S/R relationships. Previously published estimates of the hemispheric transport of O3, aerosols and subsequent deposition of various aerosol components are presented, as well as preliminary results from the model intercomparison organized under the Task Force, hereinafter referred to as the HTAP intercomparison. In addition, the capabilities and limitations of current models are analysed, along with the sensitivity of S/R relationships to future changes in emissions and climate. Further activities needed to improve the modelling capabilities and the estimates of hemispheric transport of pollutants are identified.
The frontier of ground-based observations (2011)

Abstract The ESO VLT on Paranal is in transition from first generation instrumentation to second generation, or at least to substantially upgraded instrumentation. The new instrumentation shall establish multipicity gain, high image definition or integral field imaging spectroscopy. Starting from observational highlights, status and trends for groundbased instrumentation will be revisited with emphasis on the field of PNe in all evolutionary phases. This review will concentrate on spectroscopy and scientific cases where groundbased observations offer a particular advantage. To the extent possible, a projection will be given as to the potential of the extremely large telescopes on the horizon, which will work best in the (near-)infrared.
N-carboxylic acid esters of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroquinolines. New class of irreversible inactivators of the catechol amine .alpha.-receptors and potent central nervous system depressants (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleN-carboxylic acid esters of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroquinolines. New class of irreversible inactivators of the catechol amine .alpha.-receptors and potent central nervous system depressantsBernard Belleau, R. R. Martel, G. Lacasse, Marcel Menard, Norman L. Weinberg, and Yvon G. PerronCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3, 823–824Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01005a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01005a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views475Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Orthogonal polarization encoding for reduction of interpixel cross talk in holographic data storage (2017)

Interpixel cross talk decreases the quality of a reconstructed signal in holographic data storage and imposes a limitation on its storage capacity. To reduce the interpixel cross talk, an orthogonal polarization encoding method is proposed. In the proposed method, the polarization state of each pixel is set to be orthogonal with that of surrounding pixels. This prevents the interference between nearest-neighboring pixels and significantly reduces the gross of the interpixel cross talk. The quality of the data page obtained with the proposed method is numerically and experimentally evaluated. Those results suggest that the proposed method can improve the quality of a reconstructed signal.
Primary afferent depolarization in frog spinal cord is associated with an increase in membrane conductance (1983)

The mechanism of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) was studied in the isolated frog spinal cord using intrafibre recording (microelectrodes filled with 0.6 M potassium sulfate) from large myelinated axons of dorsal roots. Standard current–clamp technique was used to obtain voltage–current (V–I) relationship. It was found that: (i) PAD is voltage dependent: its amplitude and rate of rise are increased with hyperpolarization; (ii) the slope of the linear part of the V–I curve obtained during PAD is decreased compared with the V–I curve at rest; (iii) the PAD equilibrium potential, estimated by extrapolation, ranged from −66 to −40 mV. These results suggest that PAD is associated with an increase in conductance of primary afferent terminals and thus seem to provide the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis that shunting of primary afferent membrane is the mechanism of presynaptic inhibition in the vertebrate nervous system.