gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meaningful statistical analysis of large computational clusters. (2005)

Effective monitoring of large computational clusters demands the analysis of a vast amount of raw data from a large number of machines. The fundamental interactions of the system are not, however, well-defined, making it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from this data, even if one were able to efficiently handle and process it. In this paper we show that computational clusters, because they are comprised of a large number of identical machines, behave in a statistically meaningful fashion. We therefore can employ normal statistical methods to derive information about individual systems and their environment and to detect problems sooner than with traditional mechanisms. We discuss design details necessary to use these methods on a large system in a timely and low-impact fashion.
The stereoselective synthesis of cis-/trans-fused hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromenes via Prins cyclization trapping by a tethered nucleophile (2012)

A novel intramolecular Prins cyclization of (Z)-2-(5-hydroxypent-2-enyl)phenol with various aldehydes has been achieved using 10 mol% In(OTf)(3) and 30 mol% TsOH to produce the cis-fused hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromene derivatives in good yields, while the coupling of (E)-2-(5-hydroxypent-2-enyl)phenol with aldehydes under similar conditions affords the corresponding trans-fused hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromene derivatives.
Nitric oxide induces transient Ca2+ changes in endothelial cells independent of cGMP (1997)

Ca2+ changes induced by nitric oxide (NO.) were investigated in cultured human endothelial cells. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (1-100 mumol/L) and S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (100 mumol/L) were used as NO. donors. The cytoplasmatic Ca2+ concentration was calculated using ratiometric FURA2 fluorescence measurements. Both NO. donors caused transient oscillatory Ca2+ changes, which were not detectable in the presence of oxyhemoglobin (50 mumol/L). Digital ratio imaging revealed initiation sites within cells where Ca2+ increases started spreading, which indicates that nonuniformly distributed targets might be involved in these reactions. Calcium was released from intracellular stores as indicated by experiments performed in Ca(2+)-free buffer. L-type Ca(2+)-channel blocker diltiazem (100 mumol/L) was not able to block these responses. NO.-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores caused capacitative Ca2+ entry. Both thapsigargin (1 mumol/L) and cyclopiazonic acid (10 mumol/L) inhibited the SNP response completely, whereas neither ryanodine (up to 100 mumol/L) nor dantrolene (100 mumol/L) was able to inhibit Ca2+ changes induced by SNP, indicating that primarily inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-dependent stores are released upon stimulation with NO.. A small inhibitory effect of ATP- and SNP-induced peak [Ca2+]i increase was measured in the presence of both caffeine (20 mmol/L) and procaine (1 mmol/L). Evidence is presented that cGMP is not involved in NO.-induced Ca2+ signals, as neither inhibitors of guanylate cyclase (methylene blue and LY 83583) nor cell permeant analogues of cGMP altered or simulated [Ca2+] changes. An inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase was also ineffective. We therefore propose that endothelial cells have specific targets proximal or at IP3 receptors to induce Ca2+ changes in endothelial cells stimulated with NO..
Receptors (1997)

The appropriate proliferation and differentiation of cells during development, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in the adult require a continuous flow of information to the cell. This is provided either by diffusible signaling molecules, or by direct cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. All cells utilize a wide variety of signaling molecules and signal transduction systems to communicate with one another, but within the vertebrate endocrine system, it is the secreted hormones that are classically associated with cellular signaling. Hormones are chemical messengers produced from the endocrine glands that act either locally or at a distance to regulate the activity of a target cell. As discussed in detail elsewhere within this volume, prominent groups of hormonal agents include the peptide hormones, the steroid, retinoid and thyroid hormones, the growth factors, the cytokines, the pheromones, and the neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
Antivasculature effects of doxorubicin-containing liposomes in an intracranial rat brain tumor model. (2002)

Increased neovascularization and vascular hyperpermeability are integral processes in tumors, and various therapeutic strategies seek to reverse the angiogenic phenotype. Long-circulating liposomes extravasate in tumors such as the rat 9L gliosarcoma and accumulate in perivascular areas. Under such conditions, liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) provides approximately 30% increase in life span, but free DOX is no more beneficial than a saline control. However, the relationship between drug deposition and therapeutic effect is understood poorly. In the present work, magnetic resonance (MR) and functional MR (fMR) imaging were used for noninvasive, serial evaluation of intracranial 9L tumor responses to repetitive doses of free DOX or DOX in sterically stabilized long-circulating liposomes (SSL-DOX). After multiple doses of SSL-DOX, MR imaging revealed the induction of intratumor hemorrhage in 63-75% of rats (n = 8). No hemorrhage was observed by MR imaging after a single dose of SSL-DOX, in normal brain regions in animals treated with free DOX (n = 3) or in saline controls (n = 9). Histological sections from rats sacrificed immediately after MR imaging verified the putative hemorrhagic regions and revealed necrotic and apoptotic tumor cells surrounding the area of the hemorrhage. fMR maps were obtained by comparing paired images acquired during air and Carbogen (7% CO2 and 93% oxygen) breathing. These blood oxygenation level-dependent fMR maps showed enhanced image intensity after both single and multiple doses of SSL-DOX, which suggested increased and progressive vascular permeabilization. The results suggest that the breakdown of tumor vasculature induced by SSL-DOX may arise from the perivascular accumulation of liposomes in tumor and cytotoxic effects on tumor vascular endothelium.
Genotypic Alterations in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors: Histogenetic and Clinical Implications (1997)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MI) were examined at 24 microsatellite loci in 46 primary benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Among the 27 benign tumors, 11 (40.7%), manifested microsatellite alterations in at least one locus; of these, five (18.5%) showed LOH and four (14.8%) had microsatellite instability at two or more loci. Four of 11 pleomorphic adenomas (36.4%) had allele loss on the long arm of chromosome 8. Among the 19 malignant neoplasms examined, 10 (52.6%) and one (5.2%) had allele losses and MI, respectively, at multiple loci; three tumors showed MI at only one locus. Frequent LOH was detected at D8S166 (8q11-12), D17S799, and D17S122 (17p-17p11-2) loci, with an incidence of 40%, 37.5%, and 43%, respectively. In general, malignant neoplasms with LOH exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics. Statistically significant correlation's were found between LOH and pathologic classification (chi 2, p = 0.05), higher grade (p = 0.02), DNA aneuploidy (p = 0.005), and a proliferative index of > 6% (p = 0.005) of the malignant tumors. Carcinomas with 17p loci alterations, including two carcinomas expleomorphic adenoma with concurrent 8q LOH, showed more aggressive features. The results suggested that (a) loci on chromosome 8q may harbor a tumor suppressor gene or genes associated with the development or progression of some salivary neoplasms; (b) alterations on the short arm of chromosome 17 may represent an event related to tumor progression; and (c) tumors with LOH at multiple loci have aggressive biologic characteristics.
2015 AMCA Memorial Lecture Honoree: Dr. Richard Floyd Darsie, Jr.<sup>1</sup> (2015)

Richard Floyd Darsie, Jr. (1915-2014) is the 2015 American Mosquito Control Association Memorial Lecture Honoree. He was one of the greatest mosquito taxonomists of the 20th century and died peacefully on April 10, 2014, in Grove City, PA, at the age of 99 after a professional career that spanned eight decades. Dick's broad areas of interest and training made him a versatile scientist, teacher, and researcher. His intense interest in adult and immature mosquito morphology and taxonomy, as well as mosquito distribution and bionomics, started early in his career at two early academic postings: Franklin and Marshall College (1949-54) and the University of Delaware (1954-62). Dick would take his mosquito interests with him to postings and research projects around the world: Nepal, the Philippines, Atlanta, El Salvador, Guatemala, Fort Collins, South Carolina, Argentina, and Florida. His travels and studies would make him an international expert on mosquito taxonomy. Dick's legacy lives on in the hundreds of students from across the globe who learned mosquito identification skills from this world-renowned mosquito taxonomist. All will proudly profess that, "I learned mosquito identification from Dr. Darsie." And that is all that is needed to prove one's credentials in the field, learning the art from the best there is.
Crack-Inclusion Interaction: A Review (2014)

Abstract : This report reviews the fundamentals of the interaction between a crack and an inclusion in engineering materials. After a discussion of inclusions and cracks and a brief historical review of work that lead to the solution, the report works through the solution for a crack-inclusion problem in fracture mechanics and then discusses some relevant results. Specifically, this report reviews the foundational dislocation Green s function and integral equation solution to an elliptical inclusion and a straight crack in an infinite elastic medium. This report is intended as a detailed introduction to the crack-inclusion interaction problem in fracture mechanics, so it is not an exhaustive review of literature on the subject and it does not include much of the historical references or any recent developments in this research area. This report aims to provide the attentive reader who is familiar with basic linear elastic fracture mechanics with enough depth of knowledge in the crack-inclusion interaction problem to understand further research on the problem.
Laparoscopic Division of Crossing Vessels at the Ureteropelvic Junction (1996)

Endopyelotomy has become an accepted mode of treatment for primary and secondary ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, but a 15% to 30% failure rate persists. The presence of crossing vessels at the UPJ has been implicated as a common cause of complications, failures, and recurrences. In the past, renal angiography was necessary to identify crossing vessels. We have utilized endoluminal ultrasonography to identify crossing vessels at the UPJ and to guide endoscopic incisional techniques. Previously, whenever crossing vessels were identified that could not be safely avoided during endopyelotomy, we had recommended dismembered pyeloplasty, an open surgical procedure with a long recovery time. We report our experience with laparoscopic division of crossing vessels in two patients, one with a symptomatic horseshoe kidney. Each patient had a large crossing vessel identified by endoluminal ultrasonography; consequently, endopyelotomy was abandoned. The location and distribution of the vessels were then delineated by angiography. The aberrant vessels were dissected free and divided laparoscopically. The patients returned to work within 1 week. Follow-up diuretic renal scans showed complete resolution of obstruction (T1/2 < 10 minutes) in one patient; no change was noted in the patient with a horseshoe kidney. Both patients have remained free of symptoms and normotensive for more than 12 months. Laparoscopic division of crossing vessels may play a role in the treatment of patients with extrinsic ureteral obstruction from aberrant vessels.
Field Trial Design and Analyses of Production Data from a Tight Gas Reservoir: Detailed Production Comparisons from the Pinedale Anticline (2007)

Abstract Field trials of new methodologies, products or technologies are considered to be an effective way to gauge the true value of such innovations. However it is difficult and expensive to conduct a rigorous field trial, especially in tight, multi-layered reservoirs, and proper design and analyses are critical to accurately interpret the results. In multi-layered reservoirs the production from individual frac stages must often be evaluated with production logs - this additional expense accentuates the need to carefully design the field trial and thoroughly analyze the resulting data to extract as much value as possible. This paper will provide a detailed comparison of well productivity in the Pinedale Anticline as a function of proppant type and subinterval. Well production has been normalized by many parameters, including reservoir kh, khΔP, kh*(Pr2-Pf2), Φh, and also compared by well location to determine the degree to which those techniques provide similar conclusions. In addition to describing how these field results influence proppant selection in the Pinedale Anticline, this paper will describe many aspects of field trial planning, as well as the proper handling of data to assist in the design of future trials. This paper will review the following topics: –Design of the field trial–Efforts to minimize variables–Well selection to promote valid offset comparisons–Data handling techniques to minimize bias–Production logging of wells – calibration and timing–Detailed comparison of production data, normalized with six methods to determine whether consistent conclusions can be reached–Statistical analyses to determine whether statistically significant conclusions can be drawn with a high degree of confidence The results of this study will also be compared to other published field trials to examine well populations, data consistency, and to assess whether studies in similar reservoirs carry similar findings. This paper will summarize the conclusions that are consistent between numerous tight gas field studies in the region, and highlight changes to fracture treatments which have consistently improved well productivity and profitability in these reservoirs.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in Humans (1998)

TALKE, PEKKA; TONG, CHUANYAO; LEE, HEY-WON; CALDWELL, JAMES; EISENACH, JAMES C.; RICHARDSON, CHARLES A. Author Information
Interobject Spacing Control and Control.lability of a Manufacturing Transportation Sys)tem (1998)

This paper presents a control and controllability approach for a general manufacturing transportation system. The system transports objects from a production unit to a stamping/packaging section. At arrival time, the position and velocity of every object must synchronize with the stamping device. The system constraints and a simplified model of the system dynamics are developed. The hybrid character of the system makes classical control approaches difficult. A control scheme that controls interobject spacings and satisfies the constraints is proposed. A controllability analysis, independent from the control scheme and satisfying all constraints, shows the influence of system parameters on system controllability. Simulations verify the control scheme and controllability analysis.
The effects of marginal zinc deficiency on biochemical and physiological parameters in beef heifer and Holstein steer calves (1996)

To view the abstract, please see the full text of the document.
New vistas in zeolite and molecular sieve catalysis (1993)

Zeolites and zeolite-like molecular sieves are able to\nrecognize, discriminate, and organize molecules with\nprecisions that can be less than 1 Å. Because these structures (Figure 1) contain uniformly sized pores in the range of 4-13 Å, they have been exploited by the petrochemical industries to perform many large-scale,\nshape-selective hydrocarbon reactions. Further information\non the materials listed in Figure 1 is provided in Table I. The pore sizes listed are the crystallographic free diameters from each structure. Additionally, the dimensionality of the pore systems is provided. (A simple way to think about the dimensionality of the pore system is to place an organic molecule into the void space and observe in how many different directions it can move. For example, an n-hexane molecule can move in one direction in the channels of VPI-5 whereas it can travel in all three directions in NaX.) For more details on the structures of zeolites and molecular sieves, see ref 3.
High Mobility Hole Extraction Material for Organic Solar Cell Application (2012)

We report a high mobility hole extraction material, N,N,N′,N′,-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)benzidine (TBBD) for organic solar cell applications. Its highest occupied molecular orbital energy value at 5.3 eV is well matched with a donor layer and its high mobility of 1.74 × 10−2 cm2/Vs brings out an easy and rapid extraction of holes from the donor material. The TBBD incorporated device showed significant improvement of open-circuit voltage, resulting in power conversion efficiency improvement of 9% compared with reference device.
Neurotrophin-Iike immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the earthworm Eiseniafoetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta) (1996)

Summary. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the best characterized neurotrophic factor in a family of structurally and immunologically related proteins (neurotrophins) identified in vertebrates. In the present study, using rabbit antisera and affmity purified antibodies to mouse 2.5S NGF, neurotrophin-like immunoreactive neurons were detected in Eisenia foetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta) earthworms by light and electron microscopy. By light immunocytochemistry NGF-like immunoreactivity was detected in many neuronal cell bodies and some nerve fibres in both the cerebral ganglion and the ventral nerve cord of the earthworms. In particular, numerous positive neurons were located in the posterodorsal zone of the brain and in the cephalic portions of the circum oesophageal connectives. Moreover, some positive cells and immunoreactive fibres were observed in segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. The presence of NGF-related peptides in Eisenia foetida nervous system was confirmed by ultrastructural studies showing NGF-like immunoreactivity localized in numerous secretory granules within the perikarya of positive neurons. In the cerebral ganglion, release via omega figures of immunoreactive granules was detected in the extracellular space adjacent to perikaryal profiles, suggesting a possible autocrine and/or paracrine role of the molecules immunologically related to NGF in earthworms. A similar pattern of distribution ofNGF-like immunoreactivity in earthworm tissues was observed using two anti-NGF sera displaying different specificities but recognising all neurotrophins on Western blots. The occurrence of molecules immunologically related to at least one member of the neurotrophin family in neurosecretory cells of earthworms supports the hypothesis that NGF­ like proteins first evolved in the invertebrates.
Sub-megabase resolution array CGH profiling of small cell lung cancer cell lines. (2004)

3430 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 20% of the yearly cases of lung cancer in the United States. Survival rates for this disease have improved little over the last 20 years with median survival times of only 7-13 months. This may in part be due to the high frequency of relapse with resistant micrometastatic disease after initial chemotherapy. The identification of molecular targets for prognosis and therapy of the disease may be crucial in improving survival rates of SCLC. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a new method for detecting genomic alterations in human cancers, which may allow the rapid discovery of novel genes involved in tumorigenesis. We have designed a CGH array which represents a >100-fold increase in resolution over conventional metaphase CGH allowing for genome-wide identification of genetic alterations at a resolution of 100kbp. Objectives: To identify novel genetic alterations in SCLC cell lines by high resolution copy number profiling of the entire human genome. Design: Utilizing a human whole-genome 32,433 overlapping BAC clone set we have created a CGH array spanning the entire genome at an average density of 10 clones per megabase. This array was then used to profile 15 SCLC cell lines for copy number changes. Sample DNA was labeled with cyanine 5 through a random priming reaction and co-hybridized with a cyanine 3 labeled reference DNA to the arrays. Post-hybridization the arrays were scanned using a CCD based imaging system from Applied Precision. Signal ratios were then determined using the Softworx array analysis program. Results: We have delineated breakpoints in SCLC lines to within one BAC clone in single experiments. This high resolution profiling has allowed us to identify both the expected alterations at loci such as hTERT, ATM and MYC as well as novel micro-amplifications and deletions as small as 200kb that have not been detected by conventional methodologies. This has allowed us to rapidly identify novel candidate genes associated with SCLC tumorigenesis. Conclusions High resolution genome wide array CGH has allowed the rapid identification of novel candidate genes associated with lung cancer tumorigenesis. This work was supported by grants from Genome Canada/B.C., NCIC Terry Fox New Frontiers, and Lung SPORE P50 CA70907.
Yielding and Flow in Adhesive and Nonadhesive Concentrated Emulsions (2006)

The nonlinear rheological response of soft glassy materials is addressed experimentally by focusing on concentrated emulsions where interdroplet attraction is tuned through varying the surfactant content. Velocity profiles are recorded using ultrasonic velocimetry simultaneously to global rheological data in the Couette geometry. Our data show that nonadhesive and adhesive emulsions have radically different flow behaviors in the vicinity of yielding: while the flow remains homogeneous in the nonadhesive emulsion and the Herschel-Bulkley model for a yield stress fluid describes the data very accurately, the adhesive system displays shear localization and does not follow a simple constitutive equation, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in yielding transitions are not universal.