gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Engineered Metal‐to‐Insulator Transition and Orbital Polarization in Nickelate Superlattices Integrated on Silicon (2020)

Epitaxial growth of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (STO) on silicon greatly accelerates the monolithic integration of multifunctional oxides into the mainstream semiconductor electronics. However, oxide superlattices (SLs), the birthplace of many exciting discoveries, remain largely unexplored on silicon. In this work, LaNiO<sub>3</sub> /LaFeO<sub>3</sub> SLs are synthesized on STO-buffered silicon (Si/STO) and STO single-crystal substrates, and their electronic properties are compared using dc transport and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both sets of SLs show a similar thickness-driven metal-to-insulator transition, albeit with resistivity and transition temperature modified by the different amounts of strain. In particular, the large tensile strain promotes a pronounced Ni <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:msub><mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msup><mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> orbital polarization for the SL grown on Si/STO, comparable to that reported for LaNiO<sub>3</sub> SL epitaxially strained to DyScO<sub>3</sub> substrate. Those results illustrate the ability to integrate oxide SLs on silicon with structure and property approaching their counterparts grown on STO single crystal, and also open up new prospects of strain engineering in functional oxides based on the Si platform.
Molecular Analysis of the Multiple GroEL Proteins of Chlamydiae (2003)

Genome sequencing revealed that all six chlamydiae genomes contain three groEL-like genes (groEL1, groEL2, and groEL3). Phylogenetic analysis of groEL1, groEL2, and groEL3 indicates that these genes are likely to have been present in chlamydiae since the beginning of the lineage. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of the three groEL genes with those of other organisms showed high homology only for groEL1, although comparison of critical amino acid residues that are required for polypeptide binding of the Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL revealed substantial conservation in all three chlamydial GroELs. This was further supported by three-dimensional structural predictions. All three genes are expressed constitutively throughout the developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis, although groEL1 is expressed at much higher levels than are groEL2 and groEL3. Transcription of groEL1, but not groEL2 and groEL3, was elevated when HeLa cells infected with C. trachomatis were subjected to heat shock. Western blot analysis with polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant GroEL1, GroEL2, and GroEL3 demonstrated the presence of the three proteins in C. trachomatis elementary bodies, with GroEL1 being present in the largest amount. Only C. trachomatis groEL1 and groES together complemented a temperature-sensitive E. coli groEL mutant. Complementation did not occur with groEL2 or groEL3 alone or together with groES. The role for each of the three GroELs in the chlamydial developmental cycle and in disease pathogenesis requires further study.
Deciphering the Hippocratic Oath in the 21st Century (2014)

Many contemporary medical ethicists dismiss the centuries-old Hippocratic Oath as outdated because of the enormous scientific, social, economic, and political changes since Hippocrates' time. Health policy scholar Hagop Kantarjian makes a case for its relevance.
High expression of MCL1 gene related to vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with poor outcome  in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (2002)

We evaluated the level of MCL1 gene expression using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in lymph nodes of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). MCL1 expression in patients in complete remission (CR) was significantly lower than in patients with progressive disease (PD, P = 0.0043). The disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients with MCL1 levels below the median level (P = 0.007). We also found that the level of expression of MCL1 mRNA was related to that of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in NHL lymph nodes. Our data suggest that the MCL1 expression level could be considered a prognostic factor in NHL.
The time as an emergent property of quantum mechanics, a synthetic description of a first experimental approach (2015)

The "problem of time" in present physics substantially consists in the fact that\na straightforward quantization of the general relativistic evolution equation and constraints\ngenerates for the Universe wave function the Wheeler-De Witt equation, which describes a\nstatic Universe. Page and Wootters considered the fact that there exist states of a system\ncomposed by entangled subsystems that are stationary, but one can interpret the component\nsubsystems as evolving: this leads them to suppose that the global state of the universe can be\nenvisaged as one of this static entangled state, whereas the state of the subsystems can evolve.\nHere we synthetically present an experiment, based on PDC polarization entangled photons,\nthat shows a practical example where this idea works, i.e. a subsystem of an entangled state\nworks as a "clock" of another subsystem.
Transmission of Salmonella typhimurium during Hatching of Broiler Chicks (1994)

Horizontal spread of Salmonella during hatching of broiler chicks was studied in three experiments. In each experiment, 120 unincubated, fertile hatching eggs were inoculated by immersion for 15 min in a 16 C physiological saline solution containing 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units per ml of a nalidixic-acid-resistant strain of S. typhimurium. When inoculated eggs were transferred to hatchers after 17 to 18 days of incubation, control eggs at the same stage of incubation were added to the same tray and to trays above and below the tray containing inoculated eggs. Fertile inoculated eggs hatched at a rate of 86%, despite the high level of Salmonella contamination, indicating that chicks in eggs contaminated with salmonellae are likely to hatch and may contaminate other chicks in the same hatcher cabinet. Air samples showed a sharp increase in contamination in the hatcher at 20 days of incubation. Approximately 58% of mouth swabs and 90% of chick rinses were Salmonella-positive, in both inoculated and control eggs. In samples from inoculated eggs, Salmonella was detected in the digestive tract of 8% of embryos at transfer from incubator to hatcher and in 55% of chicks at hatch. From control eggs, 44% of digestive tracts of hatched chicks were positive, indicating that Salmonella in a contaminated hatcher can reach the gut of chicks hatching from Salmonella-free eggs before they are removed from the hatcher.
Development of Head Injury Assessment Reference Values Based on NASA Injury Modeling (2011)

NASA is developing a new crewed vehicle and desires a lower risk of injury compared to automotive or commercial aviation. Through an agreement with the National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc. (NASCAR®), an analysis of NASCAR impacts was performed to develop new injury assessment reference values (IARV) that may be more relevant to NASA's context of vehicle landing operations. Head IARVs associated with race car impacts were investigated by analyzing all NASCAR recorded impact data for the 2002-2008 race seasons. From the 4015 impact files, 274 impacts were selected for numerical simulation using a custom NASCAR restraint system and Hybrid III 50th percentile male Finite Element Model (FEM) in LS-DYNA. Head injury occurred in 27 of the 274 selected impacts, and all of the head injuries were mild concussions with or without brief loss of consciousness. The 247 noninjury impacts selected were representative of the range of crash dynamics present in the total set of impacts. The probability of head injury was estimated for each metric using an ordered probit regression analysis. Four metrics had good correlation with the head injury data: head resultant acceleration, head change in velocity, HIC 15, and HIC 36. For a 5% risk of AIS≥1/AIS≥2 head injuries, the following IARVs were found: 121.3/133.2 G (head resultant acceleration), 20.3/22.0 m/s (head change in velocity), 1,156/1,347 (HIC 15), and 1,152/1,342 (HIC 36) respectively. Based on the results of this study, further analysis of additional datasets is recommended before applying these results to future NASA vehicles.
The Sorting Nexin, DSH3PX1, Connects the Axonal Guidance Receptor, Dscam, to the Actin Cytoskeleton (2001)

Dock, an adaptor protein that functions in Drosophila axonal guidance, consists of three tandem Src homology 3 (SH3) domains preceding an SH2 domain. To develop a better understanding of axonal guidance at the molecular level, we used the SH2 domain of Dock to purify a protein complex from fly S2 cells. Five proteins were obtained in pure form from this protein complex. The largest protein in the complex was identified as Dscam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule), which was subsequently shown to play a key role in directing neurons of the fly embryo to correct positions within the nervous system (Schmucker, D., Clemens, J. C., Shu, H., Worby, C. A., Xiao, J., Muda, M., Dixon, J. E., and Zipursky, S. L. (2000) Cell 101, 671-684). The smallest protein in this complex (p63) has now been identified. We have named p63 DSH3PX1 because it appears to be the Drosophila orthologue of the human protein known as SH3PX1. DSH3PX1 is comprised of an NH(2)-terminal SH3 domain, an internal PHOX homology (PX) domain, and a carboxyl-terminal coiled-coil region. Because of its PX domain, DSH3PX1 is considered to be a member of a growing family of proteins known collectively as sorting nexins, some of which have been shown to be involved in vesicular trafficking. We demonstrate that DSH3PX1 immunoprecipitates with Dock and Dscam from S2 cell extracts. The domains responsible for the in vitro interaction between DSH3PX1 and Dock were also identified. We further show that DSH3PX1 interacts with the Drosophila orthologue of Wasp, a protein component of actin polymerization machinery, and that DSH3PX1 co-immunoprecipitates with AP-50, the clathrin-coat adapter protein. This evidence places DSH3PX1 in a complex linking cell surface receptors like Dscam to proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements and/or receptor trafficking.
Experimental power and thrust coefficients of a shrouded horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine (2014)

Please see the description file on details of the experiment.
Physiologic and anatomic basis for contralateral R<sub>1</sub> in blink reflex (1988)

We studied the rate of appearance and mechanism of contralateral R1 responses in normal subjects. Contralateral R1 could be produced by facilitating maneuvers such as a gentle contraction of the orbicularis oculi and conditioning stimulus of the median nerve. In addition, changing the position of the stimulating anode to the midline evoked these responses that were abolished by blocking the contralateral supraorbital nerve, confirming its peripheral origin. We conclude that crossed trigeminofacial pathways probably exist in normal subjects, but in some instances contralateral peripheral trigeminal ophthalmic sensory fibers may be stimulated, giving rise to a contralateral R1 response.
Model-based user support: design principles and an example (2002)

In the present paper, the relationships among models used to represent aspects of complex human-machine systems and types of operator support are examined. In line with others, it is argued that the use of a particular model typically implies assumptions about the nature of the required operator support types. The close relationship between modeling and operator support is illustrated by describing examples from the literature. It is then proposed that models used to identify operator support need to be conceptually and functionally separated from other types of models, such as those used in automated reasoning systems. This approach is then illustrated using the recently proposed Functional Information and Knowledge Acquisition (FIKA) modeling approach to identify and structure display types. Finally, it is illustrated how the FIKA model can be used to explicitly identify and manage display content in an advanced operator support environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Can EUS alone differentiate between malignant and benign cystic lesions of the pancreas? (2001)

Endosonographic features cannot reliably differentiate between benign and malignant cystic lesions of the pancreas after a nondiagnostic cross-sectional modality.
Cutting Edge: HIV-1 Tat Protein Differentially Modulates the B Cell Response of Naive, Memory, and Germinal Center B Cells (1999)

Critical steps of B cell differentiation occur within lymphoid organs that are also major sites of HIV-1 replication. Because Tat can be released by infected cells, we investigated whether extracellular HIV-1 Tat modulates cell proliferation of B cells at critical stages of their differentiation. Here we show that extracellular Tat inhibited the proliferation of B cell receptor-triggered naive and memory B cells by >80% but had no effect on their CD40 mAb and IL-4-mediated proliferation. In striking contrast, Tat doubled the germinal center B cell proliferation induced by CD40 mAb and IL-4. These effects were dose dependent and required the addition of Tat at the initiation of the culture, suggesting that Tat acts on early stages of cell cycle progression. By its effects on B cell subsets, Tat might directly affect the normal B cell differentiation process in HIV-positive patients and favor the occurrence of AIDS-associated B cell lymphomas.
Metabolomics: Metabolome measurement in human plasma (2006)

Objectives: Metabolomics is a new approach to precisely phenotype individuals and identify potentially novel biomarkers. Although GC- and LC-MS/MS based metabolomics has been established to determine the metabolome in plants, these techniques have not yet been evaluated in human plasma. We therefore aimed to analyze the reproducibility of measurements under various conditions.
New RP‐CVD grown ultra‐high performance selectively B‐doped pure‐Ge 20 nm QWs on (100)Si as basis material for post‐Si CMOS technology (2013)

Abstract Magnetotransport studies at low and room temperature are presented for two‐dimensional hole gases (2DHG) formed in fully strained germanium (sGe) quantum wells (QW). Two designs of modulation doped heterostructure grown by reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition (RP‐CVD) were used and included a normal structure (doping above the Ge channel and inverted structure (doping beneath the Ge channel). The mobility (μ H ) for the normal structure was measured to be 1.34×10 6 cm 2 /Vs with a sheet density (p s ) of 2.9×10 11 cm ‐2 at 1.5 K, and μ H = 3970 cm 2 /Vs and p s ∼1×10 11 cm ‐2 for room temperature, determined from simulation using the Maximum Entropy‐Mobility Spectrum Analysis (ME‐MSA) method. For the inverted structure a μ H of 4.96×10 5 cm 2 /Vs and p s of 5.25×10 11 cm ‐2 was measured at 90 mK. From the temperature dependent amplitude of Shubnikov de Haas oscillations, the normal structure was found to have a very low effective mass (m*) value of 0.063 m 0 and a ratio of transport to quantum lifetime (α) of ∼78. This extremely high α is indicative of the carrier transport being dominated by small angle scattering from remote impurities i.e. a sample having an extremely low background impurity level and very smooth hetero‐interfaces. The inverted structure had an m*of 0.069 m 0 and α ∼29, which also indicates exceedingly high quality material. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Divergent Oxidative Pathways of 2‐Naphthol Derivatives: ortho‐Naphthoquinones versus 2‐BINOLs. (2016)

Abstract The selective formation of the title products is achieved by adjustment of the copper‐catalyst system.
Transmit–receive mode responses from finite-sized targets in fluid media (1987)

Detailed calculations are made of the transmit–receive mode echo responses arising from solid targets of various size interrogated by short pulses of ultrasound propagating in a fluid medium. The theoretically predicted results are in good agreement with experimentally measured results obtained using transducers typical of those used in nondestructive evaluation. The effects of target size, field position, and material on both the amplitude and shape of the echo responses are investigated. The structure of the responses is explained in terms of the plane and edge waves radiated by the source. Implications for the use of ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques to characterize real defects are considered.
Changes in intracellular calcium and in membrane currents evoked by injection of inositol trisphosphate into <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1986)

Intracellular calcium was monitored by the use of aequorin in voltage-clamped oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Injection of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) into oocytes elicited slowly rising and decaying aequorin/calcium signals and produced oscillatory chloride membrane currents. These responses did not depend upon extracellular calcium, since they could be elicited in calcium-free solution and after addition of cobalt or lanthanum to block calcium channels in the surface membrane. We conclude that IP3 causes the release of calcium from intracellular stores in the oocyte. Injections of calcium gave aequorin and membrane current responses that were more transient than those seen with IP3.
Degradation process of silicone-gel by internal surface discharges (2014)

Silicone gel is widely used to encapsulate power electronic circuits. It is well known that surface discharge in the module is one of the weakest points in insulation. These discharges cause the growth of cavity in silicone gel. We have observed the cavity dynamics in order to investigate the degradation process. The results indicated that streamers propagate through the gaseous phase in filamentary channels from the electrode and reaches the tip of the cavity, and leaves charges until the next discharge occurs. Moreover it was revealed that the propagation of the cavity was caused by the positive discharges. The self-healing ability of gel determined whether the propagation succeeds or not.
Polyuréthannes à propriétés émulsifiantes et électrolytiques, 1. Cinétique de condensation des alkylimino‐2,2′ diéthanols et de leurs dérivés sulfobétaïniques avec divers monoisocyanates (1988)

Abstract This work deals with model reactions allowing the synthesis of low‐molecular‐weight polyurethanes with electrolytic and emulsifier properties. The kinetics of addition reactions of 2,2′‐alkyliminodiethanols (3a – c) and their ammonium sulfonate derivatives 5 and 6 with propyl (8a) and cyclohexyl isocyanate (8b) were studied in DMSO and in the bulk. The tertiary amino groups of 3 exhibit catalytic effects, whereas the ammonium sulfonate internal salts inhibit the reaction. 8a is 2 – 3 times more reactive than 8b and the addition rates decrease with increasing R. Autoassociations (OH ··· OH) should mainly be intramolecular because of the proximity of the alcohol groups. In bulk the 8a + 3 additions apparently follow second order kinetics. On the other hand, the third order law must be taken into account with 8b . In contrast, in DMSO, due to the strong (solvent, OH and/or NCO) complexations, the kinetics do neither follow the simple second order, nor the third order law. By the use of two successive second order kinetics, diols were found more reactive than their monoalcohol‐monocarbamate derivatives. However, the difference in reactivity decreases with increasing reaction temperatures. Sulfobetaine units may be inserted into the polyurethane chains if diols with ammonium sulfonate groups are used as comonomer, but their weak reactivity must be taken into account.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4D GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND SILENT BRAIN INFARCTION IN THE JAPANESE POPULATION (2004)

Yanai, K.1; Nabika, T.2; Takeuchi, F.1; Nagano, S.1; Kobayashi, S.2; Kato, N.1 Author Information
Contribution of magnetic resonance cholangiography to the anatomic study of bile ducts. (2005)

The anatomic and radiological results reported in our study of 50 cases demonstrate the excellent feasibility and reliability of magnetic resonance cholangiography applied to the anatomic study of the bile ducts. We suggest that a wide scale multicenter study in living healthy individuals may be worth considering.
Bulky Acyclic Aminooxycarbene Ligands (2011)

A series of sterically demanding acyclic aminooxycarbenes (AAOCs) were prepared in good yields from chloroiminium salts and alkoxysilanes via the TMS-Cl elimination pathway. The steric profiles of bulky AAOCs were determined by X-ray crystallographic studies of the Au(I) complexes. The percent buried volume values (%VBur) of the AAOC ligands range from 35.8% to 47.9%. Acyclic aminooxycarbenes maintain coplanarity around the carbene center, in sharp contrast to the similarly bulky acyclic diaminocarbenes that show significant distortion from the coplanarity. The Au(I) complexes of AAOCs exhibited high efficiency in the hydroamination of alkenyl ureas. Bulkier AAOC–Au(I) complexes displayed faster reaction rates and higher conversions. The reaction rate, yield, and stereoselectivity observed with the AAOC–Au(I) catalyst were better than those with acyclic diaminocarbene Au catalysts and comparable to the best results reported to date.
Role of <i>cis</i> -Acting Sites in Stimulation of the Phage λ <i>P</i> <sub>RM</sub> Promoter by CI-Mediated Looping (2013)

The lysogenic state of phage λ is maintained by the CI repressor. CI binds to three operators each in the right operator (O(R)) and left operator (O(L)) regions, which lie 2.4 kb apart. At moderate CI levels, the predominant binding pattern is two dimers of CI bound cooperatively at each regulatory region. The resulting tetramers can then interact, forming an octamer and a loop of the intervening DNA. CI is expressed from the P(RM) promoter, which lies in the O(R) region and is subjected to multiple regulatory controls. Of these, the most recently discovered is stimulation by loop formation. In this work, we have investigated the mechanism by which looping stimulates P(RM). We find that two cis-acting sites lying in the O(L) region are involved. One site, an UP element, is required for stimulation. Based on the behavior of other promoters with UP elements located upstream of the -35 region, we suggest that a subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP) bound at P(RM) binds to the UP element located in the O(L) region. In addition, adjacent to the UP element lies a binding site for integration host factor (IHF); this site plays a less critical role but is required for stimulation of the weak prm240 allele. A loop with CI at the O(L)2 and O(L)3 operators does not stimulate P(RM), while one with CI only at O(L)2 provides some stimulation. We discuss possible mechanisms for stimulation.