gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Exchange Reaction of Ethyl Iodide and Iodine<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Exchange Reaction of Ethyl Iodide and Iodine1,2Edward D. Cohen and C. N. TrumboreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 5, 964–972Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01083a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01083a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>and Diffusely Adherent<i>E coli</i>as Likely Causes of a Proportion of Pathogen‐Negative Travelers’ Diarrhea—A PCR‐Based Study (2008)

ETEC and DAEC were implicated in nearly one-third of the subjects initially diagnosed as pathogen negative. Direct PCR results from stools are consistent with the previous assumption that most undiagnosed TD is bacterial in nature and also highlights the potential value that PCR can add to studies designed to evaluate treatment and preventive interventions for TD, including vaccines.
CYP7B expression and activity in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines (2005)

Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in RA patients.
Verbal Working Memory and on-Line Syntactic Processing: Evidence from self-Paced Listening (2003)

Two experiments investigated the relationship between performance on standard tests of verbal working-memory and the on-line construction of syntactic form. In Experiment 1, working-memory was measured in 100 college students on a version of the Daneman and Carpenter (1980) reading-span task, and online syntactic processing was assessed using a self-paced listening task with four sentence types. In Experiment 2, working-memory was measured in 48 college students on two versions of the reading-span task and two other tests of verbal working-memory, and on-line syntactic processing was assessed using the self-paced listening task with an additional sentence type. In both experiments, there was no relationship between working-memory capacity and the increase in processing time seen for the on-line construction of syntactic form for either syntactically more complex or syntactically simpler sentences. The results indicate that the capacity of the working-memory system that is measured by standard working-memory tests does not determine the efficiency of on-line syntactic processing. They are consistent with the view that the working-memory system used for parsing is at least partially separate from that measured by traditional measures of working-memory capacity.
Bioavailability and Pharmacodynamics of Promethazine on Long Duration Missions to the International Space Station (2013)

Space motion sickness (SMS) is often treated in space with promethazine (PMZ). Common side effects of PMZ administration (50 mg intramuscular) on the ground are drowsiness and impaired cognitive performance. Anecdotal reports indicate that these effects are absent or less pronounced in space. This suggests that the availability of PMZ to the body (bioavailability) and/or the response of the body to PMZ (pharmacodynamics) may change during space flight. Opportunities for clinical research in space are limited. The study described here is our response to a NASA Research Announcement for proposals for flight-based research needed to improve, or answer specific questions about, diagnosis and therapy during space flight, and post-flight rehabilitation. We propose here to evaluate noninvasive methods for determining the bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of PMZ. The specific objectives of the proposed research are to 1) compare pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of PMZ, estimated from saliva and plasma levels after administration of PMZ, 2) estimate the relative bioavailability of the three dosage forms of PMZ that are often administered to control motion sickness symptoms in space, and 3) establish the dose-response relationship of PMZ. We will estimate the bioavailability of an intramuscular injection (IM), oral tablet, and rectal suppository of PMZ in noma1 subjects during ambulatory and antiorthostatic bed rest (ABR) conditions using novel stable isotope techniques. We will compare and contrast the bioavailability of PMZ during normal and microgravity conditions to examine changes in drug absorption and bioavailability during microgravit. Results of this study will validate methods for an approved in-flight investigation with this medication awaiting an opportunity for manifestation..
Optical Observations of Ignition and Combustion Process in a Two-dimensional Valveless Pulse Combustor. (1997)

Optical observations of ignition and burning processes in a two-dimensional valveless pulse combustor are carried out : to examine the phases of termination and initiation of fresh inflows. The acoustic effects of the fresh inflow supply lines on the combustion characteristics, as well as the relationship between the heat release rate and the combustion chamber pressure are clarified. Measurements of mean velocities of air and fuel inflows in three typical phase durations are also attempted using the Schlieren optical system. It is found that the air flow terminates almost simultaneously with the fuel inflow, while the former initiates earlier than the latter by about a 1/4 period, suggesting a dominant acoustic effect of the upstream supply lines on the pulse combustion mechanism. The velocity of fresh inflow at the point just downstream of the baffle plate, which reaches up to 17 m/s, is high enough to enhance mixing and burning within a pair of large eddies. The fluctuation of the overall heat release rate is advanced in phase by about a 1/4 period ahead of the pressure fluctuation. Therefore, it is understood that a relatively small amount of energy is added to the present pulse combustion system to maintain stable pulsation.
Local full likelihood estimation for the proportional hazards model. (1991)

In this paper a new approach to local likelihood estimation for censored data is proposed. This method employs the full likelihood and alternates between estimating the baseline hazard and estimating the covariate effect. The proposed methodology incorporates multidimensional data via additive models. Some results regarding inference for the covariate effect are also presented.
Her2/neu analysis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast carcinomas: comparison of immunohistochemistry and multiparameter DNA flow cytometry. (2003)

The results of the current study show that MP-FCM can be a good alternative for the objective quantification of Her2/neu.
The anisotropic compressive mechanical properties of the rabbit patellar tendon (2008)

International audience
The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome--an under-recognised condition in South Africa? A case report. (1992)

The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare inborn error of purine metabolism caused by a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), which results in mental retardation with characteristic self-mutilation, spasticity, extrapyramidal signs and hyperuricaemia. The clinical and biochemical findings in an 18-month-old boy, who presented with renal calculi and was shown to have less than 1% of normal HGPRT activity, are reported. The obvious neurological abnormalities had previously been thought to be due to hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. The expected incidence of this disease is much higher than the known number of cases diagnosed.
Variability patterns of microphytoplankton communities along the French coasts (2002)

Microalgal populations along French coasts (English Channel, Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean Sea) have been sampled twice a month since 1987 within the context of the French Phytoplankton and Phycotoxin Monitoring Network (REPHY). This study used these data to characterize the large-scale geographical structures of microphytoplankton communities and to determine whether 'homogeneous' geographical areas exist in which microalgal populations display similar temporal variability schemes. Once the temporal variability component shared by all sampled coastal sites was identified, the 'residual' site-specific component was analyzed. Multivariate ordination methods were used to determine seasonal and inter-annual variability. The expected temporal pattern common to all sites was identified and the seasonal cycle of the most frequently observed phytoplankton communities along French coasts was described. The between-site analysis, using multitable comparison methods (RV-coefficient and multidimensional scaling), allowed the identification of 3 large areas (western English Channel, Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean Sea) according to the temporal variability patterns of microphytoplankton populations. The results, despite the coastal locations of REPHY sampling sites, indicate that the hydrodynamic characteristics of the different areas play a major role in the geographical structure of microalgal populations in French coastal waters.
[Malignant tumors of the abdominal wall. 10 years of experience at the Saint-Louis Hospital]. (1999)

The authors present a 10-year retrospective study of 52 patients with dermatofibrosarcomas (33 cases), sarcomas (13 cases) and desmoid tumours (6 cases) operated in their department. All these tumours were located in the abdomen or adjacent regions. Resection margins were 5 cm for dermatofibrosarcomas and 2 cm for sarcomas and desmoid tumours, with a healthy deep anatomical barrier. Dermatofibrosarcomas were repaired by direct suture in 18% of cases, directed healing in 15%, healing and graft in 45% and flap in 31% of cases. 61% of sarcomas were sutured directly, 7% were treated by directed healing and 23% required cover by a flap. All desmoid tumours were closed by primary suture. The quality of the first surgical resection remains the predominant prognostic factor.
PIPS 3.0 (2001)

Abstract : The long-term goal is to develop, test, demonstrate and evaluate nowcast/forecast systems for polar sea ice. These systems are developed and tested in this 6.2 program and then transitioned into a 6.4 program for final evaluation and testing under near real time operational conditions. This project is specifically designed to address improvements to the sea ice model presently used by the U.S. Navy as part of its Polar Ice Prediction System 2.0 (PIPS 2.0).
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN FOUR INHERITED RETINAL DYSTROPHIES (2016)

Optical coherence tomography angiography enables morphologic characterization and quantification of CNV in patients with retinal dystrophies despite distorted retinal architecture, can assess response to treatment, and may facilitate differentiation between active and regressed lesions.
Sex differences in anatomic measures of interhemispheric connectivity: correlations with cognition in women but not men (1998)

A robust sex difference in the splenium of the corpus callosum, reflecting greater interhemispheric connectivity in women, was observed on magnetic resonance images from 114 individuals. In addition, bulbosity of the corpus callosum correlated with better cognitive performance in women but not in men, indicating that the degree of interhemispheric connectivity has different implications for men and women. These findings were based on a new image analysis technique which allows investigation of local variability in brain morphology.
Microencapsulation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with poly(ortho ester) polymers by interfacial polycondensation (2003)

An original encapsulation process of DHEA was developed, based on the formation of poly(ortho ester) membrane from interfacial polycondensation in an oil-in-oil emulsion. First, the formation of poly(ortho ester) (POE) in solution under anhydrous conditions between a polyol, a lactide diol and a diketene acetal (3,9-diethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro-[5.5]-undecane) was studied in order to determine the structural and thermal characteristics of the POE polymer. The optimization of the formation of a fine and stable emulsion with the required size distribution was performed in relation with the type of the internal and external phases, the type and the concentration of the surfactant and the stirring rate and duration. The diffusion of monomers and DHEA was evaluated by GC-MS analysis in order to determine the mechanisms of the membrane formation. Finally the synthesis of poly(ortho ester) DHEA-loaded microcapsules was performed under anhydrous conditions required by the particular synthesis of POE. Stable poly(ortho ester) microcapsules containing DHEA were obtained with particle sizes; 1 micro m.
Transformation of a monoterpene ketone, piperitenone, and related terpenoids using <i>Mucor piriformis</i> (2005)

Biotransformation of piperitenone (I), 5,5-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexanone (II), and 2-(1-ethyl-1-propylidene)-5-methylcyclohexanone (III) was studied using a versatile fungal strain, Mucor piriformis. The organism initiates transformation of these compounds by hydroxylation at the allylic positions or at the tertiary carbon. Transformation of piperitenone (I) by this strain yielded 5-hydroxypiperitenone (Ic), 7-hydroxypiperitenone (Id), 7-hydroxypulegone (Ie), 10-hydroxypiperitenone (If), and 4-hydroxypiperitenone (Ig) as metabolites. It was possible to block some of the metabolic activities of the organism through structural modification of piperitenone (I). This was evidenced by the fact that biotransformation of 5,5-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexanone (II) yielded 5,5-dimethyl-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (IIb) and 5,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexanone (IIa), whereas 2-(1-ethyl-1-propylidene)-5-methylcyclohexanone (III) yielded 6-(1-ethyl-1-propylidene)-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (IIIb) and 6-(1-ethyl-1-propylidene)-5-hydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanone (IIIa) as metabolites. Based on the identification of the metabolites, pathways for the biotransformation of I, II, and III have been proposed. The mode of biotransformation of these compounds by M. piriformis also compared to their modes of metabolism in the rat system.
Highly amorphous, birefringent, para-linked aromatic polyamides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly amorphous, birefringent, para-linked aromatic polyamidesH. G. Rogers, Russell A. Gaudiana, W. C. Hollinsed, P. S. Kalyanaraman, J. S. Manello, C. McGowan, R. A. Minns, and R. SahatjianCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 6, 1058–1068Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00148a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00148a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Numerical and experimental study of gain narrowing in ytterbium-based regenerative amplifiers (2005)

We present results of gain narrowing and gain-shifting simulation in a broad-band Yb/sup 3+/-doped material during regenerative amplification process. Results of our new model are confronted with experimental results of a directly diode-pumped Yb/sup 3+/:SrY/sub 4/(SiO/sub 4/)/sub 3/O regenerative amplifier which produced 380-fs 1065-nm pulses. Thanks to a Dazzler pulse shaper, this amplifier produced estimated sub-300-fs pulses after compression.
Dual-energy x-ray imaging by simultaneous integration and campbelling readout (2010)

Dual-energy imaging is based on the acquisition of two spectrally distinct attenuation measurements. The two most common techniques are the dual-kV technique and the dual-detector layer technique. More recently, another technique was introduced based on the simultaneous acquisition of photon-counting and current integration data (CIX) by means of a dedicated detector readout ASIC. All of the above methods have certain advantages and disadvantages. While depending on the particular realization (e.g., kVp switching, dual-tube systems in computed tomography), the dual-kV technique suffers from a time-lag between the two acquisitions and as a result from susceptibility to motion. The dual-layer technique usually offers less spectral separation and requires a dedicated detection system. The CIX technique suffers from a reduced dynamic range due to the limiting rate performance in the counting channel. In this paper we introduce yet another dual-energy technique, similar to the CIX, however, without the restrictions coming from the limited count rate. We propose dual-energy imaging based on simultaneous acquisition of the mean (DC) and variance (AC) components of the electrical detector signal, i.e., simultaneous integration-mode readout and Campbell-mode readout (fluctuation mode). The method is based on “Campbell's theorem” which states that the variance of the deviations from the mean detector signal is proportional to the second moment of the incoming x-ray energy spectrum. We compare in simulations the dual-energy performance of the proposed new technique with conventional dual-kV and dual-crystal techniques and present first experimental Campbell-mode CT images obtained from a scintillator crystal coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of separating iodine from calcium with the novel technique and compare it to the separability achieved with a dual-kV technique.
Vibrationally excited O2 in flames: Measurements on <i>v</i>″=9–11 by laser-induced fluorescence (1987)

Vibrationally-excited ground state O2 is detected in a CH4/O2 flame in levels v″=9–11 by laser-induced fluorescence in the B 3Σ−u–X 3Σ−g Schumann–Runge system. Accurate line positions are measured by calibration against OH(A–X) lines appearing in the same spectra. Signal levels indicate that measurements up to at least v″=18 should be practical in such flames. The absolute energies of the three vibrational levels agree very well with RKR calculations of Albritton, based on earlier experimental work, but there is substantial disagreement for v″=11 with the extensive data of Creek and Nicholls.
Identification of Pedogenic Carbonates using Stable Carbon Isotope and Microfabric Analyses (1984)

Abstract In soils formed from limestone, it is often difficult to distinguish between inherited and pedogenic carbonate. In nature, both thermodynamic and kinetic factors have caused fractionation of C isotopes. While marine carbonates usually have δ 13 C values near zero, the processes of pedogenic carbonate formation result in considerably lower values, which are dependent only on the δ 13 C of the soil CO 2 gas. Therefore, a simple proportionality may be employed to quantitatively estimate pedogenic carbonates in the soil. Seven pedons formed over Cretaceous limestone in Central and West Texas were studied. The δ 13 C values were determined for the parent carbonates, soil organic matter, and for the various carbonate‐enriched horizons. Both finely disseminated carbonates in A horizons and massive indurated petrocalcic materials were confirmed by isotopic analyses to be primarily of pedogenic origin. Characteristic microfabrics were correlated with isotopic assay of massive petrocalcic materials which may be diagnostic for identification. Although generally useful, isotopic analysis underestimates the pedogenic component in certain carbonate forms, including laminar caps and some concretions and pendants. It is postulated that a different mode or environment of formation for these forms is responsible for discrepancies with theoretical values.
Angiotensin II-Stimulated Nitric Oxide Release from Porcine Pulmonary Endothelium Is Mediated by Angiotensin IV (1999)

In this study, a nitric oxide (NO) sensor was used to examine the ability of angiotensin II (AngII), AngIV, and bradykinin (Bk) to stimulate NO release from porcine pulmonary artery (PPAE) and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells and to explore the mechanism of the AngII-stimulated NO release. Physiologic concentrations of AngII, but not Bk, caused release of NO from PPAE cells. In contrast, Bk, but not AngII, stimulated NO release from PAE cells. AngIII-stimulated NO release from PPAE cells required extracellular L-arginine and was inhibited by L-nitro-arginine methyl ester. AT1 and AT2 receptor inhibition had no affect on AngII-mediated NO release or activation of NO synthase (NOS). AngIV, an AngII metabolite with binding sites that are pharmacologically distinct from the classic AngII receptors, stimulated considerably greater NO release and greater endothelial-type constitutive NOS activity than the same amount of AngII. The AngIV receptor antagonist, divalinal AngIV, blocked both AngII- and AngIV-mediated NO release as well as NOS activation. The results demonstrate that AngIV and the AngIV receptor are responsible, at least in part, for AngII-stimulated NO release and the associated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Furthermore, these results suggest that differences exist in both AngII- and Bk-mediated NO release between PPAE and PAE cells, which may reflect important differences in response to these hormones between vascular beds.
From stable to chaotic juggling: theory, simulation, and experiments (2002)

Recent results of dynamical systems theory are used to derive strong predictions concerning the global properties of a simplified model of a planar juggling robot. In particular, it is found that certain lower-order local (linearized) stability properties determine the essential global (nonlinear) stability properties, and that successive increments in the controller gain settings give rise to a cascade of stable period-doubling bifurcations that comprise a universal route to chaos. The theoretical predictions are verified by simulation and corroborated by experimental data from the juggling robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>