gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Troballes d'època islàmica al puig Caragoler de Femenia. La coveta des Rovell (Escorca, Mallorca) (1992)

EnglishWe are studying here a small cave in the Serra Nord of Mallorca used as a shelter by a group of muslims during the Christian Conquest of 1229-1232. Its most interesting aspect is a cache with three large- keys and a donkey shoe, objects that did not have any use in those circumstances and so they probably had a great sentimental value for their owners. francaisOn observe ici une petite cavite de la Serra Nord de Mallorca utilisee comme refuge par un groupe de musulmans pendant la Conquete Chretienne de 1229-1232. Son aspect le plus interessant est une cachette avec troi grosses clefs et un fer a he, objets que n'avaient aucune utilite en ces circonstances, donc ils devaient avoir une grand valeur sentimentale par leurs possesseurs.
Extracellular heat shock proteins, cellular export vesicles, and the Stress Observation System: A form of communication during injury, infection, and cell damage (2010)

Heat shock proteins (hsp) have been found to play a fundamental role in the recovery from multiple stress conditions and to offer protection from subsequent insults. The function of hsp during stress goes beyond their intracellular localization and chaperone role as they have been detected outside cells activating signaling pathways. Extracellular hsp are likely to act as indicators of the stress conditions, priming other cells, particularly of the immune system, to avoid the propagation of the insult. Some extracellular hsp, for instance Hsp70, are associated with export vesicles, displaying a robust activation of macrophages. We have coined the term Stress Observation System (SOS) for the mechanism for sensing extracellular hsp, which we propose is a form of cellular communication during stress conditions. An enigmatic and still poorly understood process is the mechanism for the release of hsp, which do not contain any consensus secretory signal. The export of hsp appears to be a very complex phenomenon encompassing different alternative pathways. Moreover, extracellular hsp may not come in a single flavor, but rather in a variety of physical conditions. This review addresses some of our current knowledge about the release and function of extracellular hsp, in particular those associated with vesicles.
The ethics of traditional Chinese medicine (2008)

Both the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the ethics of TCM are the traditional Chinese culture, having homology and root, also coexist and supplement each other. The ethics runs through TCM in the aspects of theory, practice and teaching. At the same time, the theory of TCM co-exiot with the ethics of TCM. The ethical viewpoint of TCM was formed from its establishment. The forma-tion and the development of TCM contains the moral ethics content, on the contrary, the theory of moral ethics follows the formation and development of TCM all the time. Good medical morals are the soul of TCM, and also the ethics in TCM, in essence.

Key words: 
The traditional Chinese medicine; The ethics ; Theory; Practice; Teaching
Genetic influences on smoking: candidate genes. (1998)

Twin studies consistently indicate important genetic influences on multiple aspects of smoking behavior, including both initiation and cessation; however, knowledge regarding the role of specific genes is extremely limited. Habit-forming actions of nicotine appear to be triggered primarily at nicotinic receptors on the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons in the mesolimbic "reward" system of the brain, a region implicated in addiction to other substances including cocaine, opiates, and alcohol. Important aspects of the dopaminergic pathway include synthesis of dopamine in dopaminergic neurons, release of dopamine by presynaptic neurons, receptor activation of postsynaptic neurons, dopamine re-uptake by presynaptic neurons, and metabolism of released dopamine. Research examining the role of allelic variation in genes involved in these functions is being actively pursued with respect to addictive behavior as well as personality traits and psycho- and neuropathologic conditions and has implications for smoking research. In addition, genetic differences in nicotinic receptors or nicotine metabolism might reasonably be hypothesized to play a role in smoking addiction. A role of dopaminergic or other genes in smoking cessation is of particular potential importance, as research in this area may lead to the identification of subgroups of individuals for whom pharmacologic cessation aids may be most effective.
Nanoscale Field Emission Devices (2018)

This thesis outlines work done to produce in-plane nanoscale field emission devices. Field emission, the process of quantum tunneling electrons from a conductor into a vacuum, has been theorized as a device concept for almost as long as integrated circuits have existed. This is because the micro- and nanoscale dimensions of integrated circuits make field emission possible at modest voltages, and because the physics of field emission and conduction in a vacuum channel suggest that field emission devices can operate at extremely high frequencies and in harsh environments where CMOS devices face challenges. Yet despite many attempts to make practical field emission devices none have risen to the level of commercial products. These attempts were stymied by short lifetimes, high operating voltages, and the necessity for vacuum enclosure. In this thesis work, I outline how new fabrication technologies like high resolution electron beam lithography, atomic layer deposition, and refinement in reactive ion etching make lateral field emission devices with extremely short vacuum channels practical. The demonstrated devices can operate at near CMOS voltages and at atmospheric pressures, and are robust to emitting tip destruction. These devices are prime candidates for integration into demonstration circuits. The second part of this thesis outlines work done in an emerging field to combine field emission with plasmonics for practical devices. The tunneling process in field emission depends exponentially on the magnitude of the instantaneous electric field, either static or time-varying, at the emitting surface. While it has long been known that using extremely powerful pulsed lasers one can field emit electrons from a metallic surface, the combination of plasmonics into a field emitting device has the potential to dramatically lower the incident optical power needed to produce field emission. This could enable extremely fast opto-electronic devices. This thesis presents work in progress to realize a plasmonically enhanced field emission opto-electronic modulator that is designed to operate at 1550 nm and is integratable with existing silicon photonics platforms.
Fragen an Luther: Vortragsreihe der Universität Augsburg zum Luther-Jahr 1983. Edited by Wolfgang Reinhard. Schriften der philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität Augsburg 28. Munich: Verlag Ernst Vögel, 1983. 172 pp. DM 28. (1985)

Fragen an Luther: Vortragsreihe der Universität Augsburg zum Luther-Jahr 1983. Edited by Wolfgang Reinhard. Schriften der philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität Augsburg 28. Munich: Verlag Ernst Vögel, 1983. 172 pp. DM 28. - Volume 54 Issue 2
A questão do suicídio na teoria de D. W. Winnicott (2007)

A preocupação de Winnicott com a questão do suicídio foi constante e apesar de não ter publicado textos específicos sobre esse tema, ele o mencionou em uma grande quantidade de artigos ao longo de sua obra. Em alguns de seus trabalhos essa preocupação é sublinhada pela avaliação dos riscos potenciais de suicídio devidos à extrema vulnerabilidade, não apenas dos pacientes que se apresentavam regredidos aos estágios de máxima dependência, mas também daqueles cuja doença podia estar oculta sob o manto da aparente normalidade. Em alguns casos, o analista winnicottiano deve considerar com seriedade o fato de que, para o paciente, o suicídio pode parecer a única alternativa à submissão permanente do verdadeiro si-mesmo. Nessa perspectiva, a clínica winnicottiana do suicídio apresenta características bastante diversas da prática analítica pautada nas premissas da pulsionalidade, pois a disponibilidade e a realidade da presença do analista assim como sua capacidade de tornar real a comunicação primitiva com o paciente devem se sobrepor à necessidade, do clínico, de fazer interpretações.
Cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and artificial intelligence (2014)

Recent developments in "cryptocurrencies" and "smart contracts" are creating new opportunities for applying AI techniques. These economic technologies would benefit from greater real world knowledge and reasoning as they become integrated with everyday commerce. Cryptocurrencies and smart contracts may also provide an infrastructure for ensuring that AI systems follow specified legal and safety regulations as they become more integrated into human society.
Psoriasis--pathophysiology, conventional, and alternative approaches to treatment. (2007)

Psoriasis is a common T-cell-mediated immune disorder characterized by circumscribed, red, thickened plaques with an overlying silver-white scale. It occurs worldwide, although the incidence is lower in warmer, sunnier climates. The primary cause of psoriasis is unknown. During an active disease state, an underlying inflammatory mechanism is frequently involved. Many conventional treatments focus on suppressing symptoms associated with psoriasis and have significant side effects. This article reviews several of the researched natural approaches to psoriasis treatment, while addressing its underlying cause.
The ozonolysis of trifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, and perfluoroethylene. Epoxide and ozonide formation (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe ozonolysis of trifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, and perfluoroethylene. Epoxide and ozonide formationJohn W. Agopovich and Charles W. GilliesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 25, 7572–7574Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00545a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00545a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subtypes of Australia antigen and hepatitis-B virus (1972)

Infection with type-B-hepatitis virus causes Australia antigen (HB Ag) to appear in the serum. This antigen possesses the "group" specificity,<i>a</i>, common to all HB Ag-positive sera; and one or other of two mutually exclusive subspecificities,<i>d</i>or<i>y</i>, which distinguish the two antigenic subtypes, D and Y. We hypothesize that these determinants,<i>d</i>and<i>y</i>, reflect the activity of two distinct genotypes of hepatitis-B virus (HBV), provisionally designated HBV-D and HBV-Y. Transmission experiments have shown that these viral subtypes "breed true." Their separate identity is further attested by the usual finding of only one subtype in localized outbreaks of hepatitis B. The clinical expressions of HBV-D and HBV-Y infection are beginning to be studied. Early results suggest significant differences in subtype distribution, such as the marked preponderance of Y in drug-abusers' hepatitis.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Reduces Mortality and Improves Lung Function in a Model of Experimental Obstructive Lung Disease in Female Mice (2013)

The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important insulin secretagogue and GLP-1 analogs are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 displays antiinflammatory and surfactant-releasing effects. Thus, we hypothesize that treatment with GLP-1 analogs will improve pulmonary function in a mouse model of obstructive lung disease. Female mice were sensitized with injected ovalbumin and treated with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. Exacerbation was induced with inhalations of ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide. Lung function was evaluated with a measurement of enhanced pause in a whole-body plethysmograph. mRNA levels of GLP-1R, surfactants (SFTPs), and a number of inflammatory markers were measured. GLP-1R was highly expressed in lung tissue. Mice treated with GLP-1R agonists had a noticeably better clinical appearance than the control group. Enhanced pause increased dramatically at day 17 in all control mice, but the increase was significantly less in the groups of GLP-1R agonist-treated mice (P < .001). Survival proportions were significantly increased in GLP-1R agonist-treated mice (P < .01). SFTPB and SFTPA were down-regulated and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were increased in mice with obstructive lung disease, but levels were largely unaffected by GLP-1R agonist treatment. These results show that GLP-1R agonists have potential therapeutic potential in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by decreasing the severity of acute exacerbations. The mechanism of action does not seem to be the modulation of inflammation and SFTP expression.
Treatment of chronic drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with rifampin and ethambutol. (1972)

Twenty patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis completed eight months of rifampin-ethambutol treatment. Half the patients received daily 600 mg. rifampin and 25 mg./kg. ethambutol for the first two months and subsequently 15 mg./kg. The others received the same dosage of ethambutol and 450 mg. rifampin daily. The average time of sputum conversion was seven weeks and 11 weeks in the two groups respectively. The patients tolerated these drug regimens well.Rifampin blood levels and urinary excretion were studied monthly during the therapy. They indicated that after a short period of treatment the elimination of this drug became faster owing to increased excretion of rifampin, and particularly of its desacetyl metabolite, in the bile. Liver damage resulted in a slower excretion rate. Rifampin should be taken on an empty stomach because simultaneous food intake reduces the peak blood concentration.
Elemente politischer Bildung aus der Perspektive von Lernenden und Lehrenden an zwei Schulen (2002)

Nach den quantitativen Analysen in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln stehen im nun folgenden dritten Abschnitt die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Teilstudie im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung. Die Analysen schließen an die Tradition qualitativer Fallstudien zu Einzelschulen (vgl. z.B. Untersuchungen von Diederich/ Wulf 1979; Büttcher/Plath/Weishaupt 1999 sowie Krüger/Grundmann/ Kutters 2000) an. Es werden die beiden in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Schulen, die Sekundarschule F und das Gymnasium D, anhand eines Statistikbogens und eines Interviews mit dem Schulleiter in Form von kurzen Schulportraits vorgestellt. Daran schließt sich eine kontrastive Auswertung von Gruppendiskussionen mit Lehrern und Schülern der beiden Schulen an. Die Darstellung stützt sich auf die vorangegangenen Auswertungsphasen der formulierenden und reflektierenden Interpretation und ist am Verfahren der dokumentarischen Analyse von Gruppendiskussionen nach Loos/Schäffer (2001) orientiert. Punktuell werden zur Verdeutlichung besonders markanter Themen Textausschnitte herangezogen. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf zentrale Inhalte wie Politische Bildung an der Schule, Fragen der Partizipation und den Umgang mit Ausländern sowie Rechtsradikalismus. Im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung steht die Frage, wie die drei Themen in der jeweiligen Schule bearbeitet werden, um so Rückschlüsse auf besonderen Bedingungen ßir gelingende und weniger gut gelingende politische Sozialisationsprozesse ziehen zu können. Über die Analyse der Einzelschulen hinaus erfolgt in Kapitel 9 eine Gegenüberstellung beider Schulen mit dem Ziel, die Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Einzelschule über eine Kontrastierung mit der jeweils anderen herauszustellen, Stärken und Defizite zu beschreiben und Ansätze zur Lösung identifizierter Probleme vorzuschlagen.
Matching Tumour Candidate Points in Multiple Mammographic Views for Breast Cancer Detection (2019)

Matching candidate points from multiple mammographic views corresponding to the same patient may lead to an improvement in the accuracy of Computer Aided Diagnosis systems and it can help the radiologists to detect breast cancer in early stages, leading to a reduction of the percentage of mortality. In this paper, we propose a matching approach in order to detect correspondences between some candidate points from multiple mammographic views. Initially, a Scale Invariant Feature Transform detector is used to determine some candidate points in the mammographic views, then a combination between texture features is proposed to check the abnormality of the local region that surrounds each candidate point. The candidate points can be matched by integrating the information given by the texture analysis, the distance from the nipple and the location of the candidate points relative to the nipple. Some experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A comprehensive assessment of the risk of bone morphogenetic protein use in spinal fusion surgery and postoperative cancer diagnosis (2015)

The risk of postoperative cancer following the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in spinal fusion is one potential complication that has received significant interest. Until recently, there has been little clinical evidence to support the assertion of potential cancer induction after BMP use in spinal surgery. This report aims to summarize the findings from clinical data available to date from the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) project as well as more recently published large database studies regarding the association of BMP use in spinal fusion and the risk of postoperative cancer. A detailed review was based on online databases, primary studies, FDA reports, and bibliographies of key articles for studies that assessed the efficacy and safety of BMP in spinal fusion. In an analysis of the YODA project, one meta-analysis detected a statistically significant increase in cancer occurrence at 24 months but not at 48 months, and the other meta-analysis did not detect a significant increase in postoperative cancer occurrence. Analysis of 3 large health care data sets (Medicare, MarketScan, and PearlDiver) revealed that none were able to detect a significant increase in risk of malignant cancers when BMP was used compared with controls. The potential risk of postoperative cancer formation following the use of BMP in spinal fusion must be interpreted on an individual basis for each patient by the surgeon. There is no conclusive evidence that application of the common formulations of BMP during spinal surgery results in the formation of cancer locally or at a distant site.
Power system control in the next century (1996)

The present evolution of power systems is making operational control increasingly difficult and this paper identifies reactive power and voltage control as one of the prime culprits. Energy storage devices incorporating microprocessors and power electronics, coupled through a communications network provide an opportunity to enhance existing control measures. The continuing fast access to the energy storage will permit direct control measures for reducing the variations of consumer demand throughout the total grid. This approach has the potential of overcoming the growing technical and financial difficulties now facing large interconnected power systems. The projected introduction of electric vehicles in cities will be able to provide the battery energy storage capacity for overcoming the difficulties of power system control.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> biofilm: development and therapeutic strategies (2016)

Escherichia coli biofilm consists of a bacterial colony embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which protects the microbes from adverse environmental conditions and results in infection. Besides being the major causative agent for recurrent urinary tract infections, E. coli biofilm is also responsible for indwelling medical device-related infectivity. The cell-to-cell communication within the biofilm occurs due to quorum sensors that can modulate the key biochemical players enabling the bacteria to proliferate and intensify the resultant infections. The diversity in structural components of biofilm gets compounded due to the development of antibiotic resistance, hampering its eradication. Conventionally used antimicrobial agents have a restricted range of cellular targets and limited efficacy on biofilms. This emphasizes the need to explore the alternate therapeuticals like anti-adhesion compounds, phytochemicals, nanomaterials for effective drug delivery to restrict the growth of biofilm. The current review focuses on various aspects of E. coli biofilm development and the possible therapeutic approaches for prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections.
Analysis of capillary geometry in rat subepicardium and subendocardium (1990)

The sustained high-energy turnover of cardiac muscle presents a formidable challenge to the O2 delivery systems. One major determinant of blood-tissue gas exchange potential is capillary surface area per volume of muscle fiber, Sv(c,f). Estimation of Sv(c,f) necessitates quantification of capillary orientation. Capillary geometry was analyzed systematically in subepi- (epi) and subendocardium (endo) of glutaraldehyde perfusion-fixed rat heart (n = 4). On 1-micron sections cut rigorously transverse and longitudinal to the muscle fiber axis we determined capillary number per fiber square millimeter on transverse, QA(0), and longitudinal, QA(pi/2), sections, capillary diameter, d(c), fiber cross-sectional area, a(f), and sarcomere length, l. Sv(c,f) was computed as pi.d(c).Jv(c,f), where Jv(c,f) is capillary length per fiber volume determined on the basis of a directional distribution model of capillary segments (Fisher axial). Analysis of capillary density, QA(alpha), in sections taken at angles alpha [from 0 to 90 degrees (pi/2) to fiber axis] showed that the Fisher axial distribution provides a good fit to capillary segment orientation in cardiac muscle. No systematic difference was found in fiber size (epi = 269.7 +/- 28.9, endo = 283.8 +/- 16.3 microns 2), capillary diameter (epi = 4.9 +/- 0.3; endo = 4.5 +/- 0.2 microns), Jv(c,f) (epi = 6,302 +/- 558; endo = 5,957 +/- 492 mm-2), or capillary surface per volume of muscle fiber (epi = 968.1 +/- 76.5; endo = 838.2 +/- 93.0 cm-1) between epi and endo. Contribution of capillary tortuosity and branching to Jv(c,f) ranged from 6-27% (epi) and 8-21% (endo) over the small ranges of l considered (epi = 2.09-2.23; endo = 2.04-2.17 microns).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)