gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow core of Alzheimer’s A <i>β</i> <sub>42</sub> amyloid observed by cryoEM is relevant at physiological pH (2010)

Recent cryoEM density maps of Abeta(42) fibrils obtained at low pH revealed two protofilaments winding around a hollow core raising the question if such tubular structures also exist at physiological pH. Based on the cryoEM measurements and on NMR data, we probe amyloid fibril organizations corresponding to the observed cryoEM density map. Our study demonstrates that the tubular Abeta(42) fibril models exist at both acidic and physiological pH; however, the relative populations of the polymorphic models shift with pH. At acidic pH, the hollow core model exhibits higher population than the other models; at physiological pH, although it is less populated compared to the other models, structurally, it is stable and represents 8% of the population. We observe that only models with C termini facing the external surface of the fibril retain the hollow core under acidic and physiological conditions with dimensions similar to those observed by cryoEM; on the other hand, the hydrophobic effect shrinks the tubular cavity in the alternative organization. The existence of the hollow core fibril at physiological pH emphasizes the need to examine toxic effects of minor oligomeric species with unique organizations.
Cardiac application of embryonic stem cells. (2003)

Cardiomyocytes deceased during myocardial infarction (MI) are replaced with non-contractile scar tissue, which has a great chance to cause heart failure. Repair of dead or injured myocardium and improvement of cardiac function remain a serious challenge for the therapy of heart failure. Recently, stem cells have been transplanted in experimental settings to replace lost myocardium. This article summarizes the recent experimental findings on transplantation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their derived cells in animals with myocardial injury and highlights the progresses in research of these particular cell types. Beneficial effects of cell transplantation with other cell types in injured hearts have been detailed in other reviews. ESCs are pluripotent cells derived from early mammalian embryos at the blasto-stage. These cells have the capacity for prolonged undifferentiated proliferation or differentiation into all of specialized somatic cell types of the body in culture, including cardiomyocytes. Because of the great ability of proliferation and differentiation to mature tissues, ESCs are a potential valuable resource for cell therapy targeting regeneration of functional myocardium in diseased hearts. In recent animal studies intramyocardial transplantation of ESCs or their differentiated cardiac-like cells regenerated injured myocardium and improved heart function in infarcted animal models. In addition, intravenous infusion of ESCs significantly increased the survival rate and attenuated myocardial injury in viral myocarditic mice. Development and characterization of cardiomyocytes in vitro from human ESCs have been reported recently. However, many ethical, political, and scientific barriers have to be overcome before clinical utilization of human ESCs and their differentiated cells for treating end-stage cardiac diseases.
Extending high-finesse cavity techniques to the far-infrared (2013)

Sensitive spectroscopic techniques involving high-finesse Fabry-Perot resonators are widely used in the microwave and near-infrared spectral regimes, but hardware limitations have hindered their extension to far-infrared wavelengths. While there is no theoretical limit to the frequency region where cavity-enhanced techniques are practical, the sensitivity of these methods does depend explicitly on the availability of highly reflective optics and, in the case of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, sufficiently fast detectors. Here, we describe a novel high-finesse cavity that uses wire-grid polarizers as the reflective surfaces. Quality factors on the order of 10(5) are achieved at 250 GHz. Based on the optimized cavity design, we investigate the feasibility of extending the cavity ringdown technique to far-infrared wavelengths. With the present commercially available technology, we find spectrometer performance to be limited by both the available optics and detectors. With a 120 cm cavity and a detector response time of ~500 ns, we predict a minimum detectable absorption coefficient, αmin, on the order of 10(-7) cm(-1). Given the sensitivity and noise requirements for the ringdown measurements, faster and more sensitive detectors are needed before implementation of the spectrometer is practical or offers any significant advances to existing methods at far-infrared wavelengths.
E-money firms: : the next shadow banks? (2014)

Electronic payment services firms could be poised to capitalise on the UK's plans to make it easier for SMEs to borrow from non-traditional lenders
Efficient subchannel allocation based on clustered interference alignment in ultra-dense femtocell networks (2017)

In this paper, we exploit clustered interference alignment (IA) for efficient subchannel allocation in ultra-dense orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) based femtocell networks, which notably improves the spectral efficiency as well as addresses the feasibility issue of IA. Our problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem which is NP-hard. To avoid obtaining its optimal solution by exhaustive search, we propose a two-phases efficient solution with low-complexity. The first phase groups all the femtocell user equipments (FUEs) into disjoint clusters, and the second phase allocates subchannels to the formed clusters where IA is performed. By doing this, the intra-cluster and inter-cluster interferences are mitigated by clustered IA and subchannel allocation in ultra-dense femtocell networks, respectively. Also, low-complexity algorithm is proposed to solve the corresponding sub-problem in each phase. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only outperforms other related schemes, but also provides a close performance to the optimal solution.
Analyse der umstrittenen Positionen (1975)

In Speditionsbetrieben werden teilweise Beträge unter den Erlösschmälerungen erfaßt, die in Wirklichkeit den Charakter durchlaufender Posten habenl). Das gilt z. B., um nur die wichtigsten Positionen zu nennen,
Crystallographic characterization of sputter-deposited epitaxial Nb-Cu-Co and Nb-Cu-Permalloy multilayers using electron back-scatter diffraction patterns (2001)

Abstract Epitaxial Nb-Cu-Co and Nb-Cu-Permalloy™ (Py) multilayers have been grown on (1120) sapphire substrates by sputter deposition. Electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSPs) have been used to characterize individual layers. while atomic force microscopy was used for studying the surface topography. EBSPs have been demonstrated to be a viable technique for characterization of these thin sputtered films. EBSP results have shown that the Nb films grow as high quality epitaxial single crystals with (110)bcc orientations. Cu films grown on the epitaxial Nb display two in-plane epitaxial variants corresponding to two stacking sequences of {111}fcc planes. These Cu variants take up the Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationship with the underlying Nb. Subsequent sputtering of Co or Py on the epitaxial Cu films results in the growth of two variants of 111fcc layers. Orientation maps of the Cu, Co and Py films, which illustrate the size and distribution of the growth variants, are presented.
Improving commutation in d.c. machines by the use of flux traps (1970)

It is suggested that sparking in a d.c. machine may be reduced by incorporating thin sheets of copper (‘flux traps’) to arrest the rapid changes of flux, at the end of the commutation period, that induce the high e.m.f.s that cause the sparking. The sheets need only be thin (typically 0.01 in) since they are intended to be effective only for the short periods (up to 10 μs) when sparking would otherwise occur. Skin effect makes thick sheets unnecessary. The thinness of the sheets eliminates the disadvantages of damper windings (substantially increased losses, and reduction of space available for active copper). Interpoles are retained. Bridge measurements on circular coils and armature coils show that the correct choice of flux traps can reduce the inductance at 20 kHz (corresponding to sparking periods) by a factor of up to 5, while leaving the inductance at 200 Hz (corresponding to commutating periods) substantially unchanged. Measurements on a test rig confirm that sparking is reduced. Measurements on a 300 kW traction motor fitted with flux traps show that, for a given width of black band, the running speed can be doubled. Losses appear to be increased by about 20%.
Chemokine receptors and mechanisms of cell death in HIV neuropathogenesis. (2000)

Several chemokine receptors are used as coreceptors for HIV-1 entry in the central nervous system (CNS). CCR5 is the major coreceptor together with CD4 for HIV-1 infection of microglia, the major target cells for HIV-1 infection in the CNS. CXCR4 and CCR3 are also expressed on microglia and can mediate infection by certain HIV-1 isolates but at lower efficiency than CCR5. Additional chemokine coreceptors are expressed in the brain, but their role in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis has not been defined. The expression of CXCR4, and possibly other chemokine receptors, on subpopulations of neurons and glial cells may render neurons vulnerable to mechanisms of CNS injury induced by the HIV-1 gp120 Env protein. HIV-1 viruses which use CXCR4 and emerge during the late stages of HIV-1 infection may impact disease progression in the CNS by inducing apoptosis of neurons and other cell types. The neurodegenerative mechanisms may involve infection of microglia by certain CXCR4 tropic viruses in addition to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis induced by HIV-1 gp120 binding to CXCR4. Understanding the role of CXCR4 and other chemokine receptors in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis will help to advance the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurologic disorders associated with HIV-1 infection.
Novel targets in esophageal and gastric cancer: beyond antiangiogenesis (2009)

Cancers of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction and esophagus are a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Western countries, adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus, gastroesophageal junction and proximal stomach have been increasing in frequency more rapidly than other malignancies. The majority of newly diagnosed patients present with advanced disease and the overall survival remains dismal at approximately 10% at 5 years. Better understanding of tumor biology has led to the development of promising novel therapeutic strategies. There is therefore increasing optimism that some of these approaches will improve the outcomes in these increasingly common cancers. Given the success of antiangiogenesis as a therapeutic strategy in various types of cancer, there are ongoing efforts to investigate the utility of other targeted therapies in the treatment of gastric and esophageal cancers. This review will focus on novel therapeutic targets other than angiogenesis and provide a rationale for the further clinical evaluation of these agents in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancers.
Different regions of the estrogen receptor are required for synergistic action with the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors. (1989)

Estrogen and progesterone or estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors functionally cooperate in gene activation if their cognate binding sites are close to one another. These interactions have been described as synergism of action of the steroid receptors. The mechanism by which synergism is achieved is not clear, although protein-protein interaction of the receptors is one of the favorite models. In transfection experiments with receptor expression vectors and a reporter gene containing estrogen and progesterone-glucocorticoid receptor binding sites, we have examined the effects that different portions of the various receptors have on synergism. N-terminal domains of the chicken progesterone and human glucocorticoid receptors, when deleted, abolished the synergistic action of these receptors with the estrogen receptor. Deletion of the carboxy-terminal amino acids 341 to 595 of the estrogen receptor produced a mutant receptor that could not trans-activate on its own. This mutant receptor did not affect the action of the glucocorticoid receptor but functioned synergistically with the progesterone receptor. We therefore conclude that the synergistic action of the receptors for estrogen and progesterone is mechanistically different from the synergistic action of the receptors for estrogen and glucocorticoid.
Using SCADA data for wind turbine condition monitoring – a review (2016)

The ever increasing size of wind turbines and the move to build them offshore have accelerated the need for optimised maintenance strategies in order to reduce operating costs. Predictive maintenance requires detailed information on the condition of turbines. Due to the high costs of dedicated condition monitoring systems based on mainly vibration measurements, the use of data from the turbine supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is appealing. This review discusses recent research using SCADA data for failure detection and condition monitoring (CM), focussing on approaches which have already proved their ability to detect anomalies in data from real turbines. Approaches are categorised as (i) trending, (ii) clustering, (iii) normal behaviour modelling, (iv) damage modelling and (v) assessment of alarms and expert systems. Potential for future research on the use of SCADA data for advanced turbine CM is discussed.
The hrpZ Gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola Enhances Resistance to Rhizomania Disease in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and Sugar Beet (2011)

To explore possible sources of transgenic resistance to the rhizomania-causing Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), Nicotiana benthamiana plants were constructed to express the harpin of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (HrpZ(Psph)). The HrpZ protein was expressed as an N-terminal fusion to the PR1 signal peptide (SP/HrpZ) to direct harpin accumulation to the plant apoplast. Transgene integration was verified by mPCR in all primary transformants (T0), while immunoblot analysis confirmed that the protein HrpZ(Psph) was produced and the signal peptide was properly processed. Neither T0 plants nor selfed progeny (T1) showed macroscopically visible necrosis or any other macroscopic phenotypes. However, plants expressing the SP/HrpZ(Psph) showed increased vigor and grew faster in comparison with non-transgenic control plants. Transgenic resistance was assessed after challenge inoculation with BNYVV on T1 progeny by scoring of disease symptoms and by DAS-ELISA at 20 and 30 dpi. Transgenic and control lines showed significant differences in terms of the number of plants that became infected, the timing of infection and the disease symptoms displayed. Plants expressing the SP/HrpZ(Psph) developed localized leaf necrosis in the infection area and had enhanced resistance upon challenge with BNYVV. In order to evaluate the SP/HrpZ-based resistance in the sugar beet host, A. rhizogenes-mediated root transformation was exploited as a transgene expression platform. Upon BNYVV inoculation, transgenic sugar beet hairy roots showed high level of BNYVV resistance. In contrast, the aerial non-transgenic parts of the same seedlings had virus titers that were comparable to those of the seedlings that were untransformed or transformed with wild type R1000 cells. These findings indicate that the transgenically expressed SP/HrpZ protein results in enhanced rhizomania resistance both in a model plant and sugar beet, the natural host of BNYVV. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance and plant growth phenotypes observed in SP/HrpZ transgenic plants are discussed.
Retinal Cone Photoreceptors of the Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus: Development, Topography, Opsin Expression and Spectral Tuning (2013)

A quantitative analysis of photoreceptor properties was performed in the retina of the nocturnal deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, using pigmented (wildtype) and albino animals. The aim was to establish whether the deer mouse is a more suitable model species than the house mouse for photoreceptor studies, and whether oculocutaneous albinism affects its photoreceptor properties. In retinal flatmounts, cone photoreceptors were identified by opsin immunostaining, and their numbers, spectral types, and distributions across the retina were determined. Rod photoreceptors were counted using differential interference contrast microscopy. Pigmented P. maniculatus have a rod-dominated retina with rod densities of about 450.000/mm(2) and cone densities of 3000-6500/mm(2). Two cone opsins, shortwave sensitive (S) and middle-to-longwave sensitive (M), are present and expressed in distinct cone types. Partial sequencing of the S opsin gene strongly supports UV sensitivity of the S cone visual pigment. The S cones constitute a 5-15% minority of the cones. Different from house mouse, S and M cone distributions do not have dorsoventral gradients, and coexpression of both opsins in single cones is exceptional (<2% of the cones). In albino P. maniculatus, rod densities are reduced by approximately 40% (270.000/mm(2)). Overall, cone density and the density of cones exclusively expressing S opsin are not significantly different from pigmented P. maniculatus. However, in albino retinas S opsin is coexpressed with M opsin in 60-90% of the cones and therefore the population of cones expressing only M opsin is significantly reduced to 5-25%. In conclusion, deer mouse cone properties largely conform to the general mammalian pattern, hence the deer mouse may be better suited than the house mouse for the study of certain basic cone properties, including the effects of albinism on cone opsin expression.
How Effective is Oral Hygiene Instruction? Results after 6 and 24 Weeks (1989)

We studied the clinical effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction given to 71 "high" plaque patients in 19 Washington State dental practices to determine the extent of plaque reduction. Patients were examined prior to instruction and prophylaxis. Therapist instructions were tape-recorded and content analyzed, and therapists' expectations were scored. Patients were surveyed as to oral health behaviors and general health habit characteristics. Only 20 of 71 (28%) initially "high" plaque patients had reduced mean plaque scores to 1.0 or less at six weeks. An additional 13 percent had deteriorated plaque levels at 24 weeks. We concluded that therapists did not consistently follow principles of effective instruction and often overestimated their effectiveness. Determinants of relapse involve the educational process, the patients' oral status, and patients' life situations.
Location-Driven Geographical Topic Discovery (2013)

With the prevalence of geo-position devices GPS and smart phones, textual information, long or short, associated with GPS tags usually denoted by a coordinate with latitude and longitude is widely encountered on the Web. For example, in Twitter, smart phones record the location of every tweet after it is authorized. The spatial objects on Google map are also presented with some textual descriptions. These data provide researchers two-dimension perspectives, fusing both location and textual dimension. In real world, similar concepts, discussions, product sales and geographic objects are often gathered together which people are interest in. This paper studied three methods that combine a density-based clustering method DBSCAN with LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) method in different ways to discover geographical topics. The first method clusters the GPS tagged documents and then for each clustered region, it applies LDA on the document set in that region, The second method first uses DBSCAN to find clusters among documents, merges documents from each cluster region into one document and form one document set on which LDA is applied, The third method applies LDA on the whole document set, and then, extracts topics generated by LDA in a specific region from DBSCAN. Abundant experiments are conducted with varying parameters. It is shown that three methods performed well in discovering topics in clusters, but the first two methods take much less computing time.
Aulas de ginástica localizada no ensino médio: auto-estima, vitalidade e modelagem do corpo em uma escola pública do Rio de Janeiro (2005)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de um trabalho de ginastica localizada dentro do espaco escolar. A escola escolhida foi o CETEP- Barreto da cidade de Niteroi, Brasil. Esse trabalho pedagogico foi desenvolvido com turmas de ensino medio durante as aulas de educacao fisica curricular durante os tres primeiros bimestres letivos de 2004. Ao optarmos por essa atividade diferenciada, procuramos refletir tambem sobre os esportes com bola, frequentemente associados ao basquetebol, handebol, futsal e voleibol, ainda tao comuns dentro da escola, e que por vezes podem limitar o trabalho pedagogico da educacao fisica escolar.
Augmented reality gets real (2019)

Formidable optical challenges are yielding to intensive research, development.
Evaluation of a New Device for Measuring Responses to Posteroanterior Forces in a Patient Population, Part 1: Reliability Testing (1996)

The new device provides highly reliable measurement of the lumbar PA force-displacement relationship and may prove useful in evaluating theories that have suggested a relationship between spinal symptoms and abnormal PA stiffness.
An Evaluation of Substrates for Tactile Maps and Diagrams: Scanning Speed and Users’ Preferences (2005)

This study evaluated the relative suitability of a range of base materials for producing tactile maps and diagrams via a new ink-jet process. The visually impaired and sighted participants tactilely scanned arrays of symbols that were printed on seven substrate materials, including paper, plastic, and aluminum. In general, the rougher substrates were scanned faster than the smoother substrates, and the majority of participants preferred the rougher substrates over the smoother ones.
BİR DÜŞÜNÜŞ BİÇİMİ OLARAK POSTMODERNİZM VE TEMEL PARAMETRELERİ (2007)

Çeşitli disiplinlerde kullanılmış olan “postmodern(izm)” terimi, oldukça biçimsiz ve belirsiz olduğundan dolayı, söz konusu terimi tanımlamak pek kolay değildir. Bununla birlikte postmodernizmin kullanıldığı bağlam göz önüne alındığı takdirde, söz konusu terimin ne anlam ifade ettiğine ilişkin bir tanıma ulaşmak olanaklıdır. Postmodernizm kavramının, çeşitli disiplinlerde görülmesi, aslında tek bir postmodernizm yerine, birden çok postmodernizm biçimlerinin olduğunu ima etmektedir. O bakımdan bu çalışmada, “postmodern söylem” biçiminde kavramlaştırılan postmodernizm, bir düşünce biçimi, veya felsefi bir kategori olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise postmodern söylemi ontolojik, epistemolojik ve etikpolitik düzeylerde çözümleyerek, söz konusu söylemin temel parametrelerini tespit etmektir
Attenuating crosstalk noise with simultaneous source full waveform inversion<sup>★</sup> (2011)

ABSTRACT For some acquisition geometries, the cost of Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) can be considerably reduced by inverting simultaneously encoded shots. Encoded‐shot strategies have the undesirable effect of leaving crosstalk noise in the final result. For FWI, changing the coding sequence periodically mitigates this effect. Another alternative is to use preconditioning, whereby the gradient is smoothed at every iteration along predefined directions. Preconditioning steers the solution towards accurate models while attenuating crosstalk artefacts. It also increases convergence speed and robustness to noise present in the data.