gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ornithological guide (1835)

for beautiful colors and elegant forms, loses half the pleasure which an attentive examination of one of ' these collections is calculated to afford.
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) induced a better antiviral effect by immune enhancement in SPF chickens (2017)

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an antiviral agent against Avian Influenza virus (AIV) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) virus, but its antiviral mechanism is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to PCA in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. One hundred forty 35-day-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into 7 groups. The birds were inoculated with the commercial, attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine and then received orally with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight of PCA for 30 days. Immune organ indexes, anti-Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation, but not body weight, were significantly increased in chicken treated with 40 mg/kg PCA, compared to the control birds treated with Astragalus polysaccharide (ASP). Survival rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, in the chickens with 40 mg/kg PCA, 20 mg/kg PCA while 50% survival was found in the birds treated with 125 mg/kg ASP. PCA treatment resulted in significantly lower viral load and reduced shedding. These results indicate that PCA may improve poultry health by enhancing both the humoral and cellular immune response.
Active attenuation system with on-line modeling of speaker, error path and feedback pack (1990)

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Martingale-based residuals for survival models (1990)

Graphical methods based on the analysis of residuals are considered for the setting of the highly-used Cox (1972) regression model and for the Andersen-Gill (1982) generalization of that model. We start with a class of martingale-based residuals as proposed by Barlow & Prentice (1988). These residuals and/or their transforms are useful for investigating the functional form of a covariate, the proportional hazards assumption, the leverage of each subject upon the estimates of β, and the lack of model fit to a given subject.
The Role of Hyaluronidase on Lidocaine and Bupivacaine Pharmacokinetics After Peribulbar Blockade (1996)

Orbital regional anesthesia is the only circumstance where hyaluronidase is routinely added to local anesthetics to accelerate the onset of the block.The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine with or without hyaluronidase for peribulbar blockade. Twenty-one patients scheduled for cataract surgery with lens implantation were included in this prospective randomized study. Peribulbar blocks were achieved with plain bupivacaine 0.5% (5.5 mL), lidocaine 2% (5.5 mL), and hyaluronidase (100 IU = 2 mL) (n = 10) or sterile water (2 mL) (n = 11). Plasma bupivacaine and lidocaine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at regular intervals from the end of the local anesthetic injection until the 360th minute. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were obtained for all the patients except one who needed a supplementary injection and was excluded from the study. The time to onset and duration of the analgesia and akinesia were monitored at the times of sampling. Motor blockade was incomplete in two patients in each group without affecting surgery. The Tmax and absorption half-life (t1/2a) of lidocaine and bupivacaine were not different within each group (P > 0.05). The Tmax of lidocaine was shorter in the presence of hyaluronidase (17.1 +/- 2.6 min vs 32.7 +/- 6.0 min) as well as the Tmax of bupivacaine (16.8 +/- 3.9 min vs 26.5 +/- 4.4 min). The Cmax of lidocaine and bupivacaine were not modified by the addition of hyaluronidase. The clearance, terminal half-life, and volume of distribution were not different between groups. The absorption of lidocaine and bupivacaine from the peribulbar space are hastened by the addition of hyaluronidase. The Tmax of lidocaine is not different from that of bupivacaine within each group suggesting that the absorption of local anesthetics is minimally influenced by the liposolubility of the drugs. Moreover, hyaluronidase influences the absorption kinetics of both lidocaine and bupivacaine in the same manner. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:1060-4)
Interfacial tension and hydrogen-ion concentration (1931)

Abstract The object of this communication is to extend our knowledge of the relation between the interfacial tension of long chain carbon compounds dissolved in benzene and the hydrogen-ion concentration of the aqueous phase with which they may be placed in contact. To this extent, it forms an extension of earlier work by Hartridge and Peters. The stimulus of the work was in large part the desire to throw light upon the question of ionisable interfaces in the living cell. Historical. It is well known in a general way that the Hydrion concentration (CH) of the aqueous phase influences the interfacial tension between solutions of a fatty substance dissolved in a lipoid solvent and an aqueous solution, and that the fall in interfacial tension which takes place with increasing alkalinity is produced by the presence of soap. The first experimental indication that there was a direct relation between (CH) and the interfacial tension (I. T.) of such a system appears to have been given by Reinders. This relation, highly significant so far as biochemical processes are concerned, seems to have attracted little attention. Though it is mentioned by Freundlich, interest has been concerned in the main with emulsification. In 1920-22, Hartridge and Peters found a direct relation between pH and interfacial tension in the system olive oil in benzene-aqueous buffered solution. A fall in I. T. commenced to the alkaline side of pH 4.5, which started rather abruptly and appeared to pursue an almost straight line to pH 9•0, the degree of fall being independent of the buffer used. The drop weight method was used for most of the experiments, but was checked against a ripple method. In accordance with expectation, with a series of pure substances, the only ones showing a change of I. T. were those containing a —COOH group, but a change also appeared with —COOH combined in a triglyceride. The relation was not quite simple, because the strength of the buffer solution influenced the results. Below a certain concentration of phosphate for instance, 0•005 M. in the case of a buffered solution of pH 7.6, no lowering of I. T. took place. In explanation it was suggested that the effects only appeared when sufficient alkali was present to form alkali salts of the fatty acids at the interface.
Nondestructive Evaluation – A Critical Part of Structural Integrity (2014)

The structural integrity of modern structures and systems depend on the use and capabilities of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for quality assurance in production; condition monitoring and repair assessments in service; risk analysis; and service/lifetime retirement. NDE is an ancient technology that has been applied, in many forms, since the beginning of time. The development and application of fracture mechanics was a revolution in design and structures management; imposed new and demanding requirements for NDE applications; and incorporated NDE as a critical part of design, production and management of critical structures and systems. New NDE requirements included quantification of capabilities and supporting considerations and technologies for development, validation, application and assessment of NDE capabilities and practices. NDE methods provide indirect measures / assessments of a desired property or condition and involve complex integration of parameters to produce the desired end result. Assessments of the capability and reliability of NDE procedures is continually evolving as an NDE engineering technology that is generally described in terms of a “probability of detection” (POD) metric. This paper summarizes the origin of the POD metric; various approaches to addressing POD requirements; considerations in NDE engineering; and suggested paths forward.
The Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal (1989)

Abrupt cessation of regular use of alcohol in a dependent person causes a withdrawal syndrome that may range from mild to extremely severe. Most patients require pharmacologic intervention, especially those with severe symptoms. Historically, the pharmacotherapy of alcohol withdrawal has involved a wide variety of agents. Benzodiazepines are currently preferred due to their consistently high degree of efficacy and laudable record of safety. In addition, beta blockers and clonidine are useful, as both effectively combat the hypertension and tachycardia commonly associated with withdrawal. They are ineffective as anticonvulsants; however. Opinions differ concerning the best treatment for withdrawal seizures. Prophylaxis with benzodiazepines may be all that is required, although some authors advocate the use of phenytoin for 5 days, especially in persons with a history of prior seizures during alcohol withdrawal. Once established, delirium tremens are difficult to treat. Benzodiazepines are most commonly used to provide sedation, and extremely large doses may be required. Careful clinical assessment is essential to the proper treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal since the coexistence of medical problems may complicate the condition.
Personal audio with multiple dark zones (2008)

This work considers providing personal audio for a listener by use of a local array of acoustic sources driven in such a way as to maintain the reproduced levels in one seat, in the so-called "bright zone," while minimizing the levels experienced by others sitting close by, in the so-called "dark zones." Multiple dark zones are considered both adjacent to and in front of the listener, initially using monopole simulations to investigate three different control strategies, and it is shown that a particular orientation of two sources is able to provide good control over the dark zones in these directions. It is shown that minimizing the sound power radiated by the local array while constraining the reproduced level in the bright zone is an effective method of achieving isolation when the dark zones are numerous. The findings of the investigations are used to design an optimal source arrangement, for which the isolation performance is improved by about 20 dB up to 1 kHz, which is verified with Boundary Element Method (BEM) models and predictions based on measured responses.
Polymerization and copolymerization of 1‐ and 9‐vinylanthracenes and 9‐vinylphenanthrene (1963)

Abstract The free radical polymerization and copolymerization with styrene of 1‐ and 9‐vinylanthracenes and 9‐vinylphenanthrene was studied. The highest reactivity was shown by 9‐vinylphenanthrene and the lowest by 9‐vinylanthracene. From the experimental data on the copolymerization reactions the reactivity ratios r 1 and r 2 were calculated and for the two vinylanthracenes the values of Q 2 (general reactivity) were obtained after application of the Price‐Alfrey scheme for correlating reactivities of vinyl compounds in copolymerization. The scheme was not used for 9‐vinylphenanthrene as the product of r 1 × r 2 was in this case greater than unity. It appears that the rates of polymerization (and copolymerization) of the three monomers are influenced by two factors: the steric hindrance to conjugation between the anthracene or phenanthrene system and the exocyclic double bond, and the nonaromatic character of the 9,10 double bond in phenanthrene. In 9‐vinylanthracene the conjugation between the anthracene system and the vinyl group is sterically more hindered that in the 1‐isomer, the resonance stabilization of the radical adduct of 1‐vinylanthracene is greater than in the case of the 9‐isomer and the latter is less reactive. In 9‐vinylphenanthrene and 1‐vinylanthracene the steric hindrance is the same and the higher reactivity of the first monomer as compared with the second seems to be due to the non‐aromatic character of the 9, 10 double bond in phenanthrene, which makes the 9‐vinylphenanthrene and almost aliphatic diene.
Recent Progress in Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol (2003)

The direct conversion of methane to methanol has attracted a great deal of attention for nearly a century since it was rst found possible in 1902, and it is still a challenging task. This review article describes recent advancements in the direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol. The history of direct oxidation of methane and the diculties encountered in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol are briey summarized. Recently reported developments in gas-phase homogeneous oxidation, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation and liquid phase homogeneous catalytic oxidation of methane are reviewed.
Synthesis of cationic dibenzosemibullvalene-based phase-transfer catalysts by di-π-methane rearrangements of pyrrolinium-annelated dibenzobarrelene derivatives (2011)

Dibenzobarrelene derivatives, that are annelated with a pyrrolinium unit [N,N-dialkyl-3,4-(9',10'-dihydro-9',10'-anthraceno-3-pyrrolinium) derivatives], undergo a photo-induced di-π-methane rearrangement upon triplet sensitization to give the corresponding cationic dibenzosemibullvalene derivatives [N,N-dialkyl-3,4-{8c,8e-(4b,8b-dihydrodibenzo[a,f]cyclopropa[cd]pentaleno)}pyrrolidinium derivatives]. Whereas the covalent attachment of a benzophenone functionality to the pyrrolinium nitrogen atom did not result in an internal triplet sensitization, the introduction of a benzophenone unit as part of the counter ion enables the di-π-methane rearrangement of the dibenzobarrelene derivative in the solid-state. Preliminary experiments indicate that a cationic pyrrolidinium-annelated dibenzosemibullvalene may act as phase-transfer catalyst in alkylation reactions.
<i>Neurology</i> (2000)

A distinguished neurologist posed the following question to me shortly before I became Editor-in-Chief: “Will Neurology be a journal for authors? Or for the readers?” At that moment, I realized I had a mandate to attempt both.

The Editorial Board and the Editors of Neurology are continuing to add new features to the journal. We are striving to make it appealing for authors to publish their best work on clinical neurology as well as to provide a readily available, valuable resource for clinical neurologists searching for pertinent information. While this dual effort is being primarily driven through the on-line journal, other improvements have been made possible by the increased frequency of publishing Neurology —now 24 issues per …
Presence Of Antibodies To Seven Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Derived (1994)

Sera from 133 cervical cancer patients and 154 healthy women (controls) from Spain and Colombia were tested in IgG-specific ELISAs for the presence of antibodies against seven peptides derived from five open-reading frames of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. Three of the peptides corresponded to overlapping regions of the N-terminal half of E7 protein; the other peptides corresponded to selected regions of E2, E4, L1, and L2 proteins. The prevalence of antibodies against E2 and E7 peptides was significantly different between patients and controls. The most marked differences were for E7 peptides. HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction diagnoses of cervical scrapes were available; these were correlated with serologic findings. In HPV-16 DNA-positive patients, E7 antibodies were more broadly and more strongly reactive than in other patient groups.
Surface plasmon-enhanced light emission using silver nanoparticles embedded in ZnO (2010)

The Ag nanoparticles-SiO2–ZnO film sandwiched structure was fabricated by depositing ZnO films on silica substrates which had been implanted by Ag ions. Enhancement of emission of the sandwiched structure was observed. The enhancement emission is caused by the resonant coupling between the surface plasmons of Ag and the spontaneous emission of ZnO. The enhancement mechanism is confirmed by optical absorption spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence. The key is to deposit ZnO on Ag nanoparticles covered with silica to prevent oxidation of Ag by direct contact with ZnO. This structure will be very useful for highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
A Comparative Study of a Series of Dimethylgold(III) Complexes with S,S Chelating Ligands Used as MOCVD Precursors (2013)

Abstract Dimethylgold(III) complexes with S,S donor ligands having AuC 2 S 2 coordination core are compared as precursors for gold MOCVD. Three of them are liquids, the fourth one is low-melting compound. They are non-sensitive to air and light, stable under storage, do not require special handling conditions, and show a good volatility and sufficient vaporization stability. Based on monitoring of the gas phase during the programmed heating of the compound vapor in vacuum, in hydrogen and in oxygen presence, the information concerning stability of the precursor in the gas phase and gaseous products of thermolysis was obtained. It was established that decomposition mechanism in the presence of the studied gas- reactants changed in comparison with vacuum only for diethyldithiocarbamate complex. MOCVD experiments have been performed within the temperature range 210-300 o C with and without hydrogen or oxygen. The films obtained in hydrogen presence were more thick indicating higher growth rate. Effect of gas-reactant on the morphology of the films deposited is discussed.
Pulsatile drug delivery systems: An approach for controlled drug delivery (2006)

Pulsatile systems are gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right site of action at the right time and in the right amount, thus providing spatial and temporal delivery and increasing patient compliance. These systems are designed according to the circadian rhythm of the body. The principle rationale for the use of pulsatile release is for the drugs where a constant drug release, i.e., a zero-order release is not desired. The release of the drug as a pulse after a lag time has to be designed in such a way that a complete and rapid drug release follows the lag time. Various systems like capsular systems, osmotic systems, single- and multiple-unit systems based on the use of soluble or erodible polymer coating and use of rupturable membranes have been dealt with in the article. It summarizes the latest technological developments, formulation parameters, and release profiles of these systems. Products available as once-a-daily formulation based on Pulsatile release like Pulsincap®, Ritalin®, and Pulsys® are also covered in the review. These systems are beneficial for the drugs having chronopharmacological behaviour where night time dosing is required and for the drugs having high first-pass effect and having specific site of absorption in GIT. Drugs used in asthmatic patients and patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis are also discussed along with many other examples.
STa and cGMP stimulate CFTR translocation to the surface of villus enterocytes in rat jejunum and is regulated by protein kinase G (2005)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is critical to cAMP- and cGMP-activated intestinal anion secretion and the pathogenesis of secretory diarrhea. Enterotoxins released by Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin) and Escherichia coli (heat stable enterotoxin, or STa) activate intracellular cAMP and cGMP and signal CFTR on the apical plasma membrane of small intestinal enterocytes to elicit chloride and fluid secretion. cAMP activates PKA, whereas cGMP signals a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGKII) to phosphorylate CFTR in the intestine. In the jejunum, cAMP also regulates CFTR and fluid secretion by insertion of CFTR from subapical vesicles to the surface of enterocytes. It is unknown whether cGMP signaling or phosphorylation regulates the insertion of CFTR associated vesicles from the cytoplasm to the surface of enterocytes. We used STa, cell-permeant cGMP, and cAMP agonists in conjunction with PKG and PKA inhibitors, respectively, in rat jejunum to examine whether 1) cGMP and cGK II regulate the translocation of CFTR to the apical membrane and its relevance to fluid secretion, and 2) PKA regulates cAMP-dependent translocation of CFTR because this intestinal segment is a primary target for toxigenic diarrhea. STa and cGMP induced a greater than fourfold increase in surface CFTR in enterocytes in association with fluid secretion that was inhibited by PKG inhibitors. cAMP agonists induced a translocation of CFTR to the cell surface of enterocytes that was prevented by PKA inhibitors. We conclude that cAMP and cGMP-dependent phosphorylation regulates fluid secretion and CFTR trafficking to the surface of enterocytes in rat jejunum.
Chemical Commissioning at West Thurrock Power Station (1964)

The chemical techniques adopted in the pre- and post-commissioning phases at West Thurrock power station are described. Apart from the detailed account of the chemical cleaning operations, types of cleaning processes, acids and strengths, sampling arrangements, circulation rates and method of final inspection are also considered. Mention is made of the desirability of sections of the plant arriving on site in a clean sealed state. The cleaning methods bring about a rapid reduction in boiler water silica so that full load can be achieved quickly. A new technique, involving nitrogen sealing, to reduce metal pick-up during start-ups has been evolved, whilst the early control of both feed and boiler water conditions is stressed and an optimum hydrazine level determined.
The Security of “One-Block-to-Many” Modes of Operation (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the security, in the Luby-Rackoff secu-rity paradigm, of blockcipher modes of operation allowing to expand a one-block input into a longer t-block output under the control of a secret key K. Such “one-block-to-many ” modes of operation are of frequent use in cryptology. They can be used for stream cipher encryption purposes, and for authentication and key distribution purposes in contexts such as mobile communications. We show that although the expansion functions resulting from modes of operation of blockciphers such as the counter mode or the output feedback mode are not pseudorandom, slight modi-fications of these two modes provide pseudorandom expansion functions. The main result of this paper is a detailed proof, in the Luby-Rackoff se-curity model, that the expansion function used in the construction of the third generation mobile (UMTS) example authentication and key agree-ment algorithm MILENAGE is pseudorandom. 1
Notes- Preparation of N-Substituted Glycines. II. N-(3,5-Dinitro-2-thienyl)glycine (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Preparation of N-Substituted Glycines. II. N-(3,5-Dinitro-2-thienyl)glycineJack Tien and I HunsbergerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 11, 2056–2057Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online19 March 2003Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01081a618https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01081a618research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts