gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fine-Needle Aspirate–Based Vulnerability Assay Identifies Polo-Like Kinase 1 as a Mediator of Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer (2010)

This work aimed to discover targets for combination treatment with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. We selected 11 tumors from our live collection of freshly generated pancreatic cancer xenografts with known degrees of varying gemcitabine sensitivity. We briefly (6 h) exposed fine-needle aspiration material to control vehicle or gemcitabine (1 mumol/L) and compared the gene expression of the treated and untreated samples using a reverse transcription-PCR-based, customized low-density array with 45 target genes of therapeutic interest. The gene expression of the untreated sample (which can be considered a baseline/static readout) was not predictive of gemcitabine efficacy in these tumors. Altogether, the only gene that differentiated sensitive versus resistant cases was polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), showing >50% downregulation in sensitive cases and no change in the resistant cases. Inhibition of Plk1 by either small interfering RNA gene knockdown or with the Plk1 pathway modulator (ON 01910.Na) synergized with gemcitabine in gemcitabine-refractory in vitro models providing mechanistic proof of concept. In vivo experiments in gemcitabine-resistant xenografts showed synergistic activity decreasing cell proliferation and tumor regressions. A quantitative gene expression-based vulnerability assay identified Plk1 as a relevant target dictating the susceptibility of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine. Dynamic interrogation of cancer has the potential to provide key information about mechanisms of resistance and to enhance individualization of treatment.
CXCL12 expression by healthy and malignant ovarian epithelial cells (2011)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00052468.
BINDING OF 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE TO ACIDIC LIPIDS IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM (1978)

Abstract— The affinities of 5‐hydroxy‐[ 3 H]tryptamine (5‐HT) for cerebroside sulfate, 1‐phosphatidylinositol, 1‐phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate, 1‐phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidyl serine were determined in an aqueous medium. They were observed to be, in general, much lower than and poorly correlated with the values previously reported by J ohnson et al (1977a), measured in isobutanol. This suggested that these lipids probably are not 5‐HT receptors and that drug affinities measured in organic media must be evaluated with caution.
Performance Analysis for Heterogeneous Cellular Systems with Range Expansion (2012)

Recently heterogeneous base station structure has been adopted in cellular systems to enhance system throughput and coverage. In this paper, the uplink coverage probability for the heterogeneous cellular systems is analyzed and derived in closed-form. The randomness on the locations and number of mobile users is taken into account in the analysis. Based on the analytical results, the impacts of various system parameters on the uplink performance are investigated in detail. The correctness of the analytical results is also verified by simulation results. These analytical results can thus serve as a guidance for system design without the need of time consuming simulations.
Effect of tall instrumented towers on the statistical distributions of lightning current parameters and its influence on the power system lightning performance assessment (2003)

Abstract Statistical distributions of lightning current amplitude, time‐to‐peak and other lightning current parameters used in power system insulation coordination are based on experimental data obtained by means of tall instrumented towers. It is, however, generally accepted that these distributions, which we will call ‘classical’ ones, are affected by the presence of the tower, as the tower ability to attract lightning flashes tends to increase for flashes with larger currents. Current amplitudes are thus biased towards higher values with respect to those which refer to flashes at ground. In this paper, we adopt a procedure recently proposed by the authors to infer the statistical distributions of lightning current parameters at ground level starting from those obtained from data measured using tall instrumented towers. The procedure is first applied to classical statistical distributions of lightning current parameters to quantify the tower bias, and this for various models that have been proposed in the literature to represent the exposure of the tower to direct strokes. Then, the statistical distributions at ground, calculated by applying the proposed procedure, are used to calculate the indirect‐lightning performances of an overhead line above an ideal and a lossy ground. The results are also compared with those obtained using the original distributions of lightning current parameters, i.e. by neglecting the bias introduced in the distributions by the presence of the instrumented tower, and a significant difference is found.
Long‐term corrosion fatigue behaviour of structural materials (2002)

ABSTRACT In this paper, long‐term corrosion fatigue behaviour of structural materials such as 12Cr stainless steel and Ti−6Al−4V alloy for steam turbine moving blade and high‐strength steels for ship and offshore structures up to the ultrasonic frequencies is reviewed mainly on the basis of the author's experimental results. The emphasis is focused upon the corrosion fatigue behaviour of 12Cr stainless steel in NaCl and NaOH aqueous solutions. It is shown that the corrosion fatigue strength of 12Cr stainless steel is strongly dependent on NaCl content in aqueous solution. It is also exemplified that the ultrasonic corrosion fatigue strength of 12Cr stainless steel decreases remarkably if an aggressive environment like 40% NaOH aqueous solution should be formed at the crack bottom even in a dilute NaOH aqueous solution.
Survey of resistance to antibiotics in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from three countries: a European collaboration (2002)

résumé nø6.4.3 de la session S6.4 Antibiotic Resistance
Optical Properties of Nanoshells for Diagnostic Imaging (2006)

Extinction and backscattering properties of gold nanoshells were investigated using spectrophotometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). While trends were largely consistent between these measurements and Mie theory, quantitative agreement varied with wavelength and nanoshell geometry.
Venice (2018)

Consolidated server racks are quickly becoming the standard infrastructure for engineering, business, medicine, and science. Such servers are still designed much in the way when they were organized as individual, distributed systems. Given that many fields rely on big-data analytics substantially, its cost-effectiveness and performance should be improved, which can be achieved by flexibly allowing resources to be shared across nodes. Here we describe Venice, a family of data-center server architectures that includes a strong communication substrate as a first-class resource. Venice supports a diverse set of resource-joining mechanisms that enables applications to leverage non-local resources efficiently. We have constructed a hardware prototype to better understand the implications of design decisions about system support for resource sharing. We use it to measure the performance of at-scale applications and to explore performance, power, and resource-sharing transparency tradeoffs (i.e., how many programming changes are needed). We analyze these tradeoffs for sharing memory, accelerators, and NICs. We find that reducing/hiding latency is particularly important, the chosen communication channels should match the sharing access patterns of the applications, and of which we can improve performance by exploiting inter-channel collaboration.
MODELS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC BEHAVIOR OF FUEL CELLS AND THEIR USE IN THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF FUEL CELL ELECTRODES (2005)

The performance of low temperature fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), is largely controlled by the microstructures that make up the catalyst layer of the air/oxygen electrode. In state of the art fuel cells, the microstructures are formed by conventional fabrication techniques like rolling, printing, or spraying the catalyst ink onto a gas backing layer or an electrolyte membrane. Conventional fabrication techniques provide little control over the geometry and distribution of these structures within the catalyst layer. Consequently, catalyst layers are not ideal structures that operate only under activation control. Instead, fuel cell electrodes suffer from low catalyst utilization and contain microstructures that are not optimal for transport of reactants and products. Microfabrication is a proposed method for constructing electrodes that address the limitations posed by existing fabrication techniques. The advantage of microfabrication comes from its ability to provide greater control over the geometry and distribution of the microstructures that make up the catalyst layer. This added control, allows for a more efficient use of the catalyst at the desired operating conditions of the fuel cell. The first half of this chapter provides a brief review of fuel cell technology as well as an introduction to the kinetic and transport equations that are often used to model the physics within the active regions of the cell. In the second half of this chapter one embodiment of the microfabricated electrode concept is described. A simple 1-D model is then presented to demonstrate the possible improvement in fuel cell performance that a microfabricated air electrode can provide.
Privacy-protecting video surveillance (2005)

Forms of surveillance are very quickly becoming an integral part of crime control policy, crisis management, social control theory and community consciousness. In turn, it has been used as a simple and effective solution to many of these problems. However, privacy-related concerns have been expressed over the development and deployment of this technology. Used properly, video cameras help expose wrongdoing but typically come at the cost of privacy to those not involved in any maleficent activity. This work describes the design and implementation of a real-time, privacy-protecting data collection infrastructure that fuses additional sensor information (e.g. Radio-frequency) with video streams and an access control framework in order to make decisions about how and when to display the individuals under surveillance. This video surveillance system is a particular instance of our data collection framework, and here we describe in detail the real-time video processing techniques used in order to achieve tracking of users in pervasive spaces while utilizing the additional sensor data provided by the various instrumented sensors. In particular, we discuss background modeling techniques, object tracking and implementation techniques that pertain to the overall development of this system.
Chip-Scale MEMS-CMOS Multispectral Infrared Chemical Sensor (2019)

This paper reports on an ultra-miniaturized multispectral infrared (IR) chemical sensor based on an array of plasmonically-enhanced MEMS resonant IR detectors and a single multiplexed CMOS IC readout. The unique combination of such a piezoelectric-plasmonic MEMS sensing technology with a low-power CMOS read-out circuitry results in a frequency-domain IR spectrometer microsystem characterized by an ultra-miniaturized footprint (total chip area of ≈ 1.53mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), low power consumption ( ≈ 1.07mW), and fast response ( per spectral scan). Thanks to the excellent IR detection capability (noise equivalent power, NEP ≈ 402 pW/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> and thermal time constant, τ ~ 7.3 ms) and the plasmonic-enabled high spectral resolution (λ0=3 ~ 6 μm, full-width-at-half-maximum, ), the CMOS-MEMS spectrometer prototype can discriminate between acetone and hexane via transmission spectroscopy. These results prove a great potential for the development of fast, accurate, and ultra-miniaturized IR spectrometer microsystems suitable for mobile IR characteristic measurements.
Integrated dry NO{sub x}/SO{sub 2} emissions control system low-NO{sub x} combustion system retrofit test report. Test report, August 6--October 29, 1992 (1993)

The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NO{sub x}/SO{sub 2} Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology M demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NO{sub x} burners with overfire air; (2) Selective NonCatalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NO{sub x} removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO{sub 2} removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be investigated. This report documents the third phase of the test program, where the performance of the retrofit low-NO{sub x} combustion system is compared to that of the original combustion system. This third test phase was comprised of an optimization of the operating conditions and settings for the burners and overfire air ports, followed by an investigation of the performance of the low-NO{sub x} combustion system as a function of various operating parameters. These parameters included boiler load, excess air level, overfire air flow rate and number of mills in service. In addition, emissions under normal load following operation were compared to those collected during the optimization and parametric performance tests under baseloaded conditions. The low-NO{sub x} combustion system retrofit resulted in NO{sub x} reductions of 63 to 69 percent, depending on boiler load. The majority of the NO{sub x} reduction was obtained with the low-NO{sub x} burners, as it was shown that the overfire air system provided little additional NO{sub x} reduction for a fixed excess air level. CO emissions and flyash carbon levels did not increase as a result of the retrofit.
Comparison of Complementary and Modular Linear Flux-Switching Motors With Different Mover and Stator Pole Pitch (2012)

Linear flux-switching permanent magnet (LFSPM) motors with both permanent magnets and armature windings on the short primary mover have attracted considerable attention due to their simple and cheap stator which only consists of iron. Hence, this kind of liner motor is very suitable for long stator applications such as in urban rail transportations. However, the conventional LFSPM motors directly split from rotary FSPM motor suffer from drawbacks such as unbalanced magnetic circuit of end coil, heavy mover, and bigger cogging force and force ripple. Modular LFSPM (MLFSPM) motors can mitigate the problem of unbalanced magnetic circuit of end coil. But some MLFSPM motors with different stator/mover pole pitch <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\tau_{s}/\tau_{m}=12/14, 12/10$</tex></formula> don't have complementary phase armature windings, which will lead to asymmetrical and non-sinusoidal back-electromotive force, bigger cogging force and thrust force ripple. The key of this paper is to propose, investigate, and compare four complementary and modular structures for the LFSPM motors with different <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\tau_{s}/\tau_{m}$</tex> </formula> . The electromagnetic performance and dimensions of the proposed complementary MLFSPM motors with different <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\tau_{s}/\tau_{m}$</tex></formula> are investigated, compared and confirmed by the means of finite element analysis and experimental results. Based on the analysis results, two complementary MLFSPM motors with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\tau_{s}/\tau_{m}=12/13$</tex></formula> are chosen to be the two best motors, which can offer the biggest thrust force, relatively smaller cogging force and thrust force ripple, and shorter mover length.
Characteristics of ultrasonic acoustic emissions from walnut branches during freeze–thaw-induced embolism formation (2015)

Ultrasonic acoustic emission (UAE) methods have been applied for the detection of freeze-thaw-induced embolism formation in water conduits of tree species. Until now, however, the exact source(s) of UAE has not been identified especially in angiosperm species, in which xylem tissues are composed of diverse types of cells. In this study, UAE was recorded from excised branches of walnut (Juglans regia cv. Franquette) during freeze-thaw cycles, and attempts were made to characterize UAEs generated by cavitation events leading to embolism formation according to their properties. During freeze-thaw cycles, a large number of UAEs were generated from the sample segments. However, the cumulative numbers of total UAE during freeze-thawing were not correlated with the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity after thawing, suggesting that the sources of UAE were not only cavitation leading to embolism formation in vessels. Among the UAEs, cumulative numbers of UAEs with absolute energy >10.0 fJ strongly correlated with the increase in percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity. The high absolute energy of the UAEs might reflect the formation of large bubbles in the large lumen of vessels. Therefore, UAEs generated by cavitation events in vessels during freeze-thawing might be distinguished from other signals according to their magnitudes of absolute energy. On the other hand, the freezing of xylem parenchyma cells was followed by a certain number of UAEs. These results indicate the possibility that UAE methods can be applied to the detection of both freeze-thaw-induced embolism and supercooling breakdown in parenchyma cells in xylem.
Dexamethasone differentially regulates renal and duodenal calcium‐processing genes in <i>calbindin‐D9k</i> and <i>‐D28k</i> knockout mice (2008)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) appear to downregulate active calcium-transporting genes in the duodenum, resulting in GC-induced calcium-absorbing disorder. In this study, we examined the effects of GCs on calcium-processing genes in the duodenum and kidney and the compensatory mechanism in calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) and calbindin-D28k (CaBP-28k) knockout (KO) mice. In the duodenum, we observed compensatory increases in transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) mRNAs in both calbindin KO mice and CaBP-9k transcripts in CaBP-28k KO mice, and their expressions were decreased by addition of a synthetic GC, dexamethasone (Dex, 10 mg kg(-1)). In addition, the expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) underwent a compensatory increase in CaBP-9k KO mice, and was blocked by Dex, while the mRNA level of duodenal sodium-calcium exchanger 1 was not altered by KO status or Dex. The renal transcriptional levels of TRPV5 in CaBP-9k KO and CaBP-9k in CaBP-28k KO mice were upregulated in a compensatory manner, while the TRPV6 gene was downregulated following treatment with Dex in the kidney of CaBP-28k KO mice. The immunological location of these duodenal proteins as a primary target of Dex-involved regulation was not altered by Dex or KO status. To elucidate potential mechanism(s) of Dex-induced compensatory gene expression, the levels of GC receptor (GR), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) mRNA was also measured in these tissues. Duodenal VDR transcripts were induced in a compensatory manner in both types of KO mice, and were decreased by Dex. In addition, serum corticosterone levels in both KO mice were lower than in wild-type mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that duodenal TRPV6 and CaBP-9k genes appear to be a primary target for GC-induced calcium-absorbing disorder, through direct regulation of duodenal VDR transcription.
Composition-structure relationships for multisource evaporated CuGaSe2 thin films (1988)

X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of doublet formation and peak shifts were used to observe the compositional dependence of the order–disorder transition in polycrystalline CuGaSe2 thin films deposited by multisource evaporation. Cu-poor material had a strong tendency to disorder as evidenced by the simultaneous presence of both the chalcopyrite and sphalerite phases. Stoichiometric and Cu-rich material contained only the tetragonal phase as observed by XRD. Comparison of Cu-poor XRD patterns with theoretical calculations reflecting probable defect chemistries (VCu, GaCu, VSe) suggests an interesting microstructure. The absence of higher index group (iii) reflections, notably the (103) and (211) peaks, in chalcopyrite material suggest that the tetragonal phase maintains a near-stoichiometric composition. Overall Cu-poor film compositions may therefore be obtained by adjustment within the cubic phase which implies compositional segregation between the phases.
Startup, Shutdown, and Provisioning (2015)

here is defined as software operations that occur each time a platform boots. The boot can be a cold boot, or it can be what in PC terms is called a resume from suspend or a boot from hibernate. The TPM holds several classes of volatile state, including PCR values, loaded sessions and keys, enables, authorization and policy values, hybrid NV indexes, and clock state. Based on the type of power cycle, this volatile state must either persist or be initialized. The TPM provides two commands that, in various combinations, permit external software to manage the power-cycle requirements.
<i>cyclo</i>-Hexakis[(2,4,6-triisopropylthiophenolato-<i>S</i>:<i>S</i>)gold(I)] Diethyl Ether Solvate (1997)

In the title compound, [Au6S6(C15H23)6].C4H10O, the gold thiolate molecule, a centrosymmetric cyclic hexamer with a cyclohexane chair-like structure, lies about an inversion centre. The Au atoms are coordinated in a near-linear fashion to bridging sulfur atoms [Au—S 2.281 (2)–2.288 (3) Å, S—Au—S 173.68 (9)–175.82 (9)°]. Bond lengths and angles are normal.
Hepatic blood volume responses and compliance in cats with long-term bile duct ligation (1993)

Hepatic capacitance responses were compared in sham-operated and 14-day bile duct-ligated cats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Both groups were subjected to splenectomy and had the anterior hepatic nerve plexus sectioned to allow stimulation; the posterior plexus was intact. Blood volume compensation for hemorrhage was reduced in the bile duct ligation group compared with the control group: The liver compensated for 20.1% and 10.6% of blood loss, respectively. Portal hypertension did not exist and hepatic compliance was unaltered despite the presence of severe biliary hyperplasia, portal tract distortion and fibrosis. The capacitance responses to hemorrhage in the bile duct ligation group were accounted for entirely by a passive compliant response to reduced portal pressure, whereas the sham surgery group showed an additional active component. Responses of liver volume and venous resistance to norepinephrine were normal, but responses to nerve stimulation were reduced. The nerve dysfunction was not universal; reflex arterial blood pressure response to carotid occlusion was normal. The data suggest that hepatic blood volume responses to hemorrhage is mediated by passive compliant responses to reduced portal pressure (stressed volume) and active responses (unstressed volume) to nerve stimulation but that long-term bile duct ligation produces selective hepatic neuropathy resulting in loss of the active component.