gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Topographic Measurement Using Piezo-Electrical PVDF Film Stylus. (2003)

A novel piezo-PVDF (Polyvinilidene Fluoride) film stylus has been developed to scan the surface topography for non-destructive and high-step measurement. The operating mechanism of the piezo-PVDF film stylus is similar to that of tapping mode SPMs. Instead of silicon cantilever often used in SPMs, a thin strip of piezo-PVDF film is adopted to form the vibrating cantilever here. Due to the flexibility of the PVDF film and the tapping mode, the scratching force is very small and non-destructive measurement is realized. By experimental measurements, a maximum error and a standard deviation along vertical axis are about 2.0nm and 0.5nm respectively. During an actual measurement on an epoxy grating using the measurement system with the single PVDF stylus, the repetability is proven to be within 4.3nm.
Mobile Ticketing: OV-betalen: A user-centred design vision for mobile ticketing in Dutch public transport (2017)

Mobile ticketing solutions are proposed as an alternative to the OV-chipkaart in a vision created by the Nationaal Openbaar Vervoer Beraad (NOVB), a council consisting of public transport companies, local governments and consumer organisations. By taking a user-centred approach, a design vision was developed for mobile ticketing in Dutch public transport. An in-depth field study was conducted of the solutions available in Oslo, London and Seoul, focussing on the factors influencing the adoption rate and traveller experience. This identified factors influencing adoption, which served as the foundation for the proposed guidelines for a successful implementation of mobile ticketing solutions in the Netherlands. By conducting user and stakeholder interviews and evaluations, discussing working principles, developed ideas and concepts, the following design principles have been identified for a user-centred mobile ticketing solution in Dutch public transport. Efficient onboarding process - provide a set-up process that travellers are able to conduct on the go. Accessible, immediate travel - allow for immediate travel through a virtual mobile OV-chipkaart without high financial barriers. Dynamic interface, adaptive per phase - adapt to the traveller’s journey by providing context dependent information, such as arrival times. Provide the right information at the right time - Unburden travellers from uncertainty by pro-actively providing them with important contextual information. Mix Matters - Provide clear distinguishable alternatives as travellers can have different preferences for fare media. Independence from location-bound machines - Make sure that a mobile ticketing solution can operate independently from these location-bound machines. (e.g. mobile top up) Using these design principles, a customer journey and proposed design was made and a first prototype of the OV-betalen app was created. In order to comply to the established design principles, the OV-betalen app moves away from card-stored data and moves the data stored on the current OV-chipkaart to the backend. Evaluating this prototype with users has revealed that this proposed design was rated on average as ‘Best imaginable’ on the System Usability Scale (Bangor et al., 2009). Participants also indicated that they hope that the evaluated app becomes reality. This report shows the process towards this proposed design vision and also elaborates on an implementation strategy for further development.
Early neuropathological Alzheimer's changes in aged individuals are accompanied by decreased cerebrospinal fluid melatonin levels (2003)

Neuropathology is the most reliable criterion for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD). A well-established system for staging the spread of neuropathological changes in AD is available. The clinical use of a biomarker that reflects the neuropathological change occurring in brain tissue has not yet been established. Melatonin is a product that plays not only a major role in the regulation of the circadian rhythms but may also exert neuroprotective effects in AD. Melatonin levels were determined in ventricular postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 121 subjects. Braak staging and a modified Braak staging for cortex (MBSC) were used to evaluate the severity of AD neuropathology. The present study revealed that not only the Braak stages of AD, but also the MBSC were negatively correlated with CSF melatonin levels. By using MBSC, we now demonstrate for the first time that CSF melatonin levels were significantly decreased in the aged individuals with early neuropathological changes in the temporal cortex, where the AD process starts. Those individuals that did not have any neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) or neuritic plaque (NP) in the temporal cortex, had much higher melatonin levels (287 +/- 68 and 280 +/- 64 pg/mL, respectively) than those individuals that had a few NFTs and NPs (82 +/- 4 and 39 +/- 8 pg/mL, respectively) in the temporal cortex. These results suggest that the decrease in CSF melatonin levels may be an early event in the development of AD possibly occurring even before the clinical symptoms.
Use of Clonidine to Treat Hot Flashes Secondary to Leuprolide or Goserelin (1993)

Our results document the first report of the use of clonidine to treat hot flashes secondary to leuprolide or goserelin therapy. Symptomatic improvement was noted in all four patients. Further evaluation of clonidine as well as other centrally acting adrenergic agonists is needed.
Statistical physics of age related macular degeneration (2010)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness beyond the age of 50 years. The most common pathogenic mechanism that leads to AMD is choroidal neovascularization (CNV). CNV is produced by accumulation of residual material caused by aging of retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE). The RPE is a phagocytic system that is essential for renewal of photoreceptors (rods and cones). With time, incompletely degraded membrane material builds up in the form of lipofuscin. Lipofuscin is made of free-radical-damaged protein and fat, which forms not only in AMD, but also Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. The study of lipofuscin formation and growth is important, because of their association with cellular aging. We introduce a model of non-equilibrium cluster growth and aggregation that we have developed for studying the formation and growth of lipofuscin in the aging RPE. Our results agree with a linear growth of the number of lipofuscin granules with age. We apply the dynamic scaling approach to our model and find excellent data collapse for the cluster size distribution. An unusual feature of our model is that while small particles are removed from the RPE the larger ones become fixed and grow by aggregation.
Fetal Insulin-Like Growth Factor-2 Production Is Impaired in the GK Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

At late fetal age (21.5 days postcoitum [dpc]), GK rats present a severely reduced beta-cell mass compared with Wistar rats. This anomaly largely antedates the onset of hyperglycemia in GK rats. Thus, the beta-cell mass deficit could represent the primary defect leading to type 2 diabetes in the adult. The aim of this work was to investigate, in GK fetuses at the end of fetal age (21.5 dpc), whether impaired availability of growth factors such as insulin, growth hormone, and IGFs and their IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) could be instrumental in this anomaly. Although it confirms that GK fetuses are hypoinsulinemic despite enhanced plasma glucose level due to maternal hyperglycemia, the present study shows for the first time that IGF-2 expression in the liver and pancreas and IGF-2 serum levels are decreased in GK fetuses. Serum level as well as liver and pancreatic mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 were found to be normal in GK fetuses, whereas serum level and liver mRNA expression of IGFBP-1 were increased. Finally, we found that the maximal beta-cell mitogenic response to IGFs in vitro is kept intact, therefore suggesting that the direct biological action of IGFs on fetal GK beta-cells is not grossly impaired. In conclusion, in GK fetuses at 21.5 dpc, the defective IGF-2 production appears to be an early landmark in the pathological sequence leading to retardation of beta-cell growth in the fetal GK rat.
CONTEMPORARY THERAPY OF THE MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME (1959)

Therapy for the postmenopausal patient has three aspects: psychotherapy, sedation, and hormonal therapy. A convenient index (menopausal index) for expressing the status of a patient is calculated by assigning to each of the 11 most common symptoms a weight factor and a severity coefficient; the sum of the 11 products ranges from 0 (for complete absence of menopausal symptoms) to about 35 (for serious distress). It was used as a criterion in comparing the efficacy of 27 types of treatment, including use of conjugated equine estrogens (299 cases), ethinyl estradiol (284 cases), and chlorotrianisene (124 cases). There are objections to the prolonged use of barbiturates, and the results obtained by the use of ataractic drugs alone in this study were but slightly better than those obtained with a placebo. Superior results were obtained with conjugated equine estrogens and ethinyl estradiol alone or when the latter was used with androgens. These effects were augmented with the addition of a phenothiazine compound to the estrogen-androgen combination. The judicious use of such therapy can afford relief from unnecessary discomfort to the everincreasing number of menopausal women in the population.
Evolutionary Perspectives on Fat Ingestion and Metabolism in Humans (2009)

Compared to other primates and mammals of our size, humans allocate a much larger share of their daily energy budget to “feed their brains.” The disproportionately large allocation of our energy budget to brain metabolism has important implications for our dietary needs. To accommodate the high energy demands of our large brains, humans consume diets that are of much higher quality (i.e., more dense in energy and fat) than those of our primate kin (Leonard and Robertson, 1992, 1994). On average, we consume higher levels of dietary fat than other primates (Popovich et al., 1997), and much higher levels of key long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) that are critical to brain development (Crawford et al., 1999; Cordain et al., 2001). Moreover, humans also appear to be distinctive in their developmental changes in body composition. We have higher levels of body fatness than other primate species, and these differences are particularly evident early in life.The need for an energy-rich diet also appears to have shaped our ability to detect and metabolize high-fat foods. Humans show strong preferences for lipid-rich foods. Recent work in neuroscience has shown that these preferences are based on the smell, texture, and taste of fatty foods (Sclafani, 2001; Gaillard et al., 2008; Le Coutre and Schmitt, 2008), and that our brains have the ability to assess the energy content of foods with remarkable speed and accuracy (Toepel et al., 2009). Additionally, compared to large-bodied apes, humans have an enhanced capacity to digest and metabolize higher fat diets. Our gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with its expanded small intestine and reduced colon, is quite different from those of chimpanzees and gorillas and is consistent with the consumption of a high-quality diet with large amounts of animal food (Milton, 1987, ). Finch and Stanford (2004) have recently shown that the evolution of key “meat-adaptive” genes in hominid evolution were critical to promoting enhanced lipid metabolism necessary for subsisting on diets with greater levels of animal material.This chapter draws on both analyses of living primate species and the human fossil record to explore the evolutionary importance of fat in the nutritional biology of our species. We begin by examining comparative dietary data for modern human groups and other primate species to evaluate the influence that variation in relative brain size has on dietary patterns among modern primates. We then turn to an examination of the human fossil record to consider when and under what conditions in our evolutionary past key changes in brain size and diet likely took place. Finally, we explore how the evolution of large human brains was likely accommodated by distinctive aspects of human growth and development that promote increased levels of body fatness from early in life.
A carrier current transceiver IC for data transmission over the AC power lines (1982)

A monolithic solution to the problem of sending and receiving data over power lines has been developed. The self-contained bipolar chip handles half-duplex serial data at up to 4K baud by FSK modulating a carrier frequency set at between 50 and 300 kHz. The transmitter section drives the line with a low distortion (0.1 percent) sine wave to minimize potential RFI. The 200 mW output originates from a transient-hardened on-chip transistor, and is in the form of a current that adapts to the widely varying power line impedance. The PLL receiver section has a sensitivity of 1 mV and contains a special impulse noise filter to reduce the effects of power line noise. Data of virtually any coding will pass through the system.
Branch-and-Bound Methods: General Formulation and Properties (1970)

The branch-and-bound procedure is formulated in rather general terms and necessary conditions for the branching and bounding functions are precisely specified. Results include the standard properties for finite procedures, plus several convergence conditions for infinite procedures. Discrete programming which includes integer programming and combinatorial optimization problems, is discussed and Fibonacci search is presented as an example of a nonfinite branch-and-bound procedure employing an optimal convergence rule.
Serum thyroid hormone levels of heifers grazing leucaena leucocephala in southern Taiwan. (1988)

This study investigated the effect of prolonged ingestion of Leucaena leucocephala, a leguminous shrub with a potential as a source of animal feed in Southern Taiwan, by heifers on serum thyroid hormone levels. Ten crossbred beef heifers were divided into treated (grazing Hawaiian wildtype leucaena) and control (grazing Pangola grass only) groups of 5 animals each. The heifers grazing leucaena exhibited significantly (P less than 0.001) lower serum total triiodothyronine levels and also showed a tendency (P less than 0.10) for a lower thyroxine level. Growth rates to 90 days were 0.26 +/- 0.02 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 kg/day for heifers on Pangola grass and leucaena pastures, respectively. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05). Three of five heifers grazing leucaena showed severe hair loss from the tail and other parts of the body. Our results suggest that leucaena toxicity to animals may be present in Southern Taiwan.
Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@La<sub><i>x</i></sub>Sr<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> Core–Shell Redox Catalyst for Methane Partial Oxidation (2014)

Abstract Efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of methane into syngas is a topic of practical relevance for the production of hydrogen, chemicals, and synthetic fuels. At present, methane‐derived syngas is produced primarily through the steam methane reforming processes. The efficiencies of such processes are limited owing to the endothermic steam methane reforming reaction and the high steam to methane ratio required by the reforming catalysts. Chemical looping reforming represents an alternative approach for methane conversion. In the chemical looping reforming scheme, a solid oxygen carrier or “redox catalyst” is used to partially oxidize methane to syngas. The reduced redox catalyst is then regenerated with air. The cyclic redox operation reduces the steam usage while simplifying the heat integration scheme. Herein, a new Fe 2 O 3 @La x Sr 1− x FeO 3 (LSF) core–shell redox catalyst is synthesized and investigated. Compared with several other commonly investigated iron‐based redox catalysts, the newly developed core–shell redox catalyst is significantly more active and selective for syngas production from methane. It is also more resistant toward carbon formation and maintains high activity over cyclic redox operations.
ToxPlot R Package (2018)

The toxplot (Toxicology Plot) package provides a convenient interface to batch process high-throughput toxicology bioassay screening data. It's designed specifically for screening study that features a primary inhibition (loss of signal) assay and a companion cytotoxicity assay. This package provides functions for data normalization, quality-control analysis, dose-response curve fitting, visualization, and a unique toxicity-adjusted potency ranking system.
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides derived from imines and difluorocarbene to alkynes: a new active Pb-mediated approach to 2-fluoropyrrole derivatives (2000)

Domino reactions of imines with difluorocarbene in the presence of electron-deficient alkynes lead to 2-fluoropyrrole derivatives. The process involves intermediate azomethine ylide formation, its 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to alkyne, followed by dehydrofluorination. A modified difluorocarbene generation method using active lead for dibromodifluoromethane reduction is proposed, providing shorter reaction time and improved yields of fluoropyrroles. The reactions with monoactivated acetylenes occur regioselectively. The cycloaddition of ylides to dipolarophiles such as phenylpropynal, whose carbonyl group is more active than the triple bond, gives rise to oxazolidine derivatives, implying a change in the reaction site.
Computer-aided optimisation of simplified discrete models for control systems (1989)

A computer-aided method for the computation of optimal discrete models with reduced orders for control systems is presented in this paper. The method used for simplification utilises a time-domain-optimisation technique to search for optimum values for the parameters of prespecified reduced-order discrete-time models for control systems. The measure of success of simplification is taken to be the minimum integral squared error between the step responses of the simplified discrete-time models and that of the actual system at sampling instants. Two examples are considered to illustrate the usefulness of the method in simplifying control systems given in various forms. One of the examples considered was to obtain reduced-order discrete-time models for a fourth-order Butterworth filter. The method proved to be powerful in finding the optimal discrete models with reduced orders for both short and long sampling periods.
CloudQKDP: Quantum key distribution protocol for cloud computing (2016)

A novel computing paradigm, the cloud computing, has become a viable solution on top of virtualization for commoditization of computing resources. Though it has potential to leverage individuals and organizations with plethora of advantages, there are strong security concerns over outsourced data. The existing security models are built with certain assumptions. The solutions like distributed accountability, provable data possession (PDP), Third Party Auditing (TPA) and so on are secure as long as the assumptions hold true. To ensure fool proof security for cloud storage security little research has been made on quantum key cryptography. Since the quantum key distribution is unconditionally secure we propose a new scheme known as CloudQKDP (Quantum Key Distribution Protocol for Cloud Computing) which exploits the benefits of quantum mechanisms to secure cloud storage and data dynamics. We consider a case study in which three parties such as cloud server, data owner and trusted client have provably secure communications with our proposed scheme which uses random oracle model. Our empirical study revealed mixture of success and failure rates with private and public clouds respectively.
After the Nouvelle Vague (1965)

Research Article| April 01 1965 After the Nouvelle Vague Stephen Taylor Stephen Taylor Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (1965) 18 (3): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.2307/1210959 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Stephen Taylor; After the Nouvelle Vague. Film Quarterly 1 April 1965; 18 (3): 5–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1210959 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1965 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Oxidative DNA Damage by Vitamin A and Its Derivative via Superoxide Generation (2000)

Recent intervention studies revealed that beta-carotene supplement to smokers resulted in a higher incidence of lung cancer. However, the causal mechanisms remain to be clarified. We reported here that vitamin A (retinol) and its derivative (retinal) caused cellular DNA cleavage detected by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Retinol and retinal significantly induced 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in HL-60 cells but not in H(2)O(2)-resistant HP100 cells, suggesting the involvement of H(2)O(2) in cellular DNA damage. Experiments using (32)P-labeled isolated DNA demonstrated that retinol and retinal caused Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage, which was inhibited by catalase. UV-visible spectroscopic and electron spin resonance-trapping studies revealed the generation of superoxide and carbon-centered radicals, respectively. The superoxide generation during autoxidation of retinoids was significantly correlated with the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, although the yield of carbon-centered radicals was not necessarily related to the intensity of DNA damage. These findings suggest that superoxide generated by autoxidation of retinoids was dismutated to H(2)O(2), which was responsible for DNA damage in the presence of endogenous metals. Retinol and retinal have prooxidant abilities, which might lead to carcinogenesis of the supplements of beta-carotene.
The effect of nco-polyol on mechanical properties, morphology and water absorption of low density polyethlene / water hyacinth fiber (Eichhornia crassiper) composites (2009)

Organized by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 21st - 22nd October 2009 at Palm Garden Hotel, IOI Resort, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Adult Open Heart Surgery in New York State (1990)

This study analyzes data from New York State's new Cardiac Surgery Reporting System, which contains information about cardiac preoperative risk factors, postoperative complications, and hospital discharge. The purposes of the study were to determine the set of significant clinical risk factors and to identify cardiac surgical centers most likely to have serious quality-of-care problems. Significant risk factors for in-hospital death were age, gender, ejection fraction, previous myocardial infarction, number of open heart operations in previous admissions, diabetes requiring medication, dialysis dependence, disasters (acute structural defect, renal failure, cardiogenic shock, gunshot), unstable angina, intractable congestive heart failure, left main trunk narrowed more than 90%, and type of operation performed. Four of the 28 hospitals had significantly higher mortality rates than expected, given the risk factors of their patients. Subsequent site visits and medical record reviews confirmed that these facilities had high percentages of quality-of-care problems among cases resulting in mortality.