gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel segmentation approach for improving diagnostic accuracy of CAD systems for detecting lung cancer from chest computed tomography images (2012)

Segmentation of lung tissue is an important and challenging task in any computer aided diagnosis system. The accuracy of the segmentation subsystem determines the performance of the other subsystems in any computer aided diagnosis system based on image analysis. We propose a novel technique for segmentation of lung tissue from computed tomography of the chest. Manual segmentation of lung parenchyma becomes difficult with an enormous volume of images. The goal of this work is to present an automated approach to segmentation of lung parenchyma from the rest of the chest CT image. The approach involves the conventional optimal thresholding technique and operations based on convex edge and centroid properties of the lung region. The segmentation technique proposed in this article can be used to preprocess lung images given to a computer aided diagnosis system for diagnosis of lung disorders. This improves the diagnostic performance of the system. This has been tested by using it in a computer aided diagnosis system that was used for detection of lung cancer from chest computed tomography images. The results obtained show that the lungs can be correctly segmented even in the presence of peripheral pathology bearing regions; pathology bearing regions that could not be detected using a CAD system that applies optimal thresholding could be detected using a CAD system using out proposed approach for segmentation of lungs.
The hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1 functions as both a positive and negative modulator of aging (2010)

In the past year and a half, five studies have independently established a direct connection between the hypoxic response transcription factor, HIF-1, and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. These studies demonstrated that HIF-1 can both promote and limit longevity via pathways that are mechanistically distinct. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding modulation of aging by HIF-1 and speculate on potential aspects of HIF-1 function that could be relevant for mammalian longevity and healthspan.
Assisted Venous Drainage, Venous Air, and Gaseous Microemboli Transmission into the Arterial Line: An In-Vitro Study (1998)

The objective of this study was to examine the interaction of cardiopulmonary bypass venous air with assisted venous drainage, focusing on its production of gaseous microemboli in the arterial line. An in-vitro recirculating cardiopulmonary bypass circuit containing fresh whole bovine blood was monitored with a pulsed-doppler microbubble detector. Air of specific amounts was injected into the venous line and gaseous microemboli counts were obtained distal to the arterial filter. Data was recorded for unassisted drainage, vacuum-assisted drainage, and centrifugal pump-assisted drainage. Centrifugal pump-assisted drainage produced over 300 microbubbles in one minute distal to the arterial filter when venous air was introduced into the circuit. Of these, 220 were greater than 80 microns in size. Vacuum-assisted drainage produced no microbubbles when the same amount of venous air was introduced into the circuit. However, vacuum-assisted drainage did produce some microbubbles in the arterial line when a stopcock was left open on the venous line for 30 seconds. Unassisted drainage produced no microbubbles at all levels of venous air entrainment. Air becomes entrained in the venous line from a variety of sources. In a typical gravity-drained situation, the air remains whole and is dissipated in the venous reservoir by buoyancy and filtration. In an assisted-drainage situation, the air is subjected to additional forces. The air is subjected to a greater degree of negative pressure and, with centrifugal pump assisted drainage, is subjected to kinetic energy imparted by the cones or vanes of the pump. The kinetic energy from the centrifugal pump appears to break the air into small bubbles which become suspended in the blood, passing through the reservoir, oxygenator, and arterial filter. In a clinical setting, these bubbles would be passed into a patient's arterial system.
[Effect of simvastatin on bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone marrow stromal cell]. (2002)

Simvastatin lead to high expression of BMP-2 in bone marrow stromal cells, via the increased auto- or para-crine of BMP-2, and ALP activity increased. These may be parts of the mechanism on the anabolic osteogenetic effect of simvastatin.
Interaction of Petroleum Heavy Ends with Montmorillonite (1976)

Abstract Adsorption of asphaltenes and resins onto montmorillonite occurs rapidly and to a large extent irreversibly under near-anhydrous laboratory conditions. Factors which influence the adsorption are the exchangeable cation on the clay, the basic nitrogen components of the molecules, and the solvent. As a result of this adsorption, the physical and chemical properties of the clay are drastically altered. The fundamental principles revealed in this study lead to a better understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of clays in petroleum reservoirs.
User Identity Linkage by Latent User Space Modelling (2016)

User identity linkage across social platforms is an important problem of great research challenge and practical value. In real applications, the task often assumes an extra degree of difficulty by requiring linkage across multiple platforms. While pair-wise user linkage between two platforms, which has been the focus of most existing solutions, provides reasonably convincing linkage, the result depends by nature on the order of platform pairs in execution with no theoretical guarantee on its stability. In this paper, we explore a new concept of ``Latent User Space'' to more naturally model the relationship between the underlying real users and their observed projections onto the varied social platforms, such that the more similar the real users, the closer their profiles in the latent user space. We propose two effective algorithms, a batch model(ULink) and an online model(ULink-On), based on latent user space modelling. Two simple yet effective optimization methods are used for optimizing objective function: the first one based on the constrained concave-convex procedure(CCCP) and the second on accelerated proximal gradient. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to propose a unified framework to address the following two important aspects of the multi-platform user identity linkage problem --- (I) the platform multiplicity and (II) online data generation. We present experimental evaluations on real-world data sets for not only traditional pairwise-platform linkage but also multi-platform linkage. The results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over the state-of-the-art ones.
Distribution of phosphatidylcholine molecular species between mixed micelles and phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles in human gallbladder bile: dependence on acyl chain length and unsaturation. (1992)

The partitioning of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species between mixed micelles and vesicles was studied in each of seven human gallbladder biles. Biles were fractionated by Sephacryl S-300 SF gel filtration chromatography, and PC species in the micellar and vesicular fractions were quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography. Micelles were enriched in species containing unsaturated acyl groups (e.g., 16:1-18:2, 18:1-18:2, and 18:1-18:3); vesicles were enriched in more highly saturated species (e.g., 16:0-16:1, 16:0-18:1, and 18:0-18:1). Separate multivariate analyses for each bile demonstrated that the distribution of PC species between vesicles and micelles was related to the degree of sn-1 and sn-2 unsaturation, and sn-1, but not sn-2, chain length. In addition, the tendency to partition into the micellar phase was particularly marked when unsaturation was present at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. When this interaction was included in the multivariate analyses, the regression models accounted for virtually all of the variation in PC partitioning (for each of the seven patients r2 = 0.92-0.98, P less than 0.03). These results suggest that the partitioning of PC species between micelles and vesicles is strictly determined by sn-1 chain length and the degree of unsaturation at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. In light of recent reports that fatty acyl composition influences the cholesterol content of vesicles and micelles in model biles, these results raise the possibility that diet-induced alterations in the phospholipid species and the relative proportions of biliary lipid particles may influence the cholesterol-carrying capacity of bile.
A Multiband Directional Coupler Using SOI CMOS for RF Front-End Applications (2018)

This letter introduces a novel multiband directional coupler for RF front-end applications. Conventional narrowband directional couplers are widely used for mobile applications because of their compact size. However, excessive power loss due to strong coupling in the higher frequency range severely limits their bandwidth. To resolve this issue, we propose a dual directional coupler employing a coupling switching stage, where the asymmetric coupled lines can be electrically coupled or floated to mitigate severe coupling loss. The proposed coupler has been implemented to an integrated circuit using the silicon-on-insulator process. The measured results showed a considerably enhanced bandwidth from 0.69 to 4 GHz covering the entire frequency band of long-term evolution with a low power loss of less than -0.21 dB in the target frequency range.
Analysis of Phase Separation in Compressible Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers (2000)

For the analysis of phase-separation behavior of compressible polymer blends and block copolymer melts, an equation-of-state (EOS) model is combined with the compressible random-phase approximation (RPA) formalism. The EOS model to be employed is obtained from extending an off-lattice model, recently given for interpreting compression response of pure polymers to pressure by Cho and Sanchez (CS), to polymer blends. The free energy for the CS model consists of an ideal free energy of Gaussian chains and a nonideal free energy that represents the excluded volume effects and the attractive interactions in given blend systems. This nonideal free energy yields the RPA interaction fields, with which monomer−monomer correlation functions for polymer blends or block copolymers are calculated to determine the condition of phase separation. It is shown that the theory can predict not only macrophase separation in some polymer blends but also microphase separation in the corresponding block copolymer melts. Especially, microphase separation upon heating, recently observed in several diblock copolymer melts, is shown to be driven by finite compressibility in given copolymer systems. The stability of diblock copolymer melts exhibiting microphase separation upon heating is also discussed in relation to the symmetry of phase diagrams.
Reliability Assessment of Power Systems with Photovoltaic Power Stations Based on Intelligent State Space Reduction and Pseudo-Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (2018)

As the number and capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power stations increase, it is of great significance to evaluate the PV-connected power systems in an effective, reasonable, and quick way. In order to overcome the challenge of PV’s time-sequential characteristic and improve upon the computational efficiency, this paper presents a new methodology to evaluate the reliability of the power system with photovoltaic power stations, which combines intelligent state space reduction and a pseudo-sequential Monte Carlo simulation (PMCS). First, a non-aggregate Markov model of photovoltaic output is established, which effectively retains some time-sequential representation of the PV output. Then, the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is introduced into the sampling stage of PMCS to carry out an intelligent state space reduction (ISSR). By using the DE algorithm, success states are searched out and removed, thus the state space is reduced and formed with a high density of loss-of-load. Hence, unnecessary samplings are avoided, which optimizes the PMCS sampling mechanism and improves the computational efficiency. Finally, the proposed method is tested in the modified IEEE RTS-79 system. The results indicate that this new method has a better computational efficiency than the time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method (TMCS) and pure PMCS. In addition, the effectiveness and feasibility of this method are also verified.
A role for the actin-bundling protein<scp>l</scp>-plastin in the regulation of leukocyte integrin function (1998)

Regulation of leukocyte integrin avidity is a crucial aspect of inflammation and immunity. The actin cytoskeleton has an important role in the regulation of integrin function, but the cytoskeletal proteins involved are largely unknown. Because inflammatory stimuli that activate integrin-mediated adhesion in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes cause phosphorylation of the actin-bundling protein L-plastin, we tested whether L-plastin phosphorylation was involved in integrin activation. L-plastin-derived peptides that included the phosphorylation site (Ser-5) rapidly induced leukocyte integrin-mediated adhesion when introduced into the cytosol of freshly isolated primary human PMN and monocytes. Substitution of Ala for Ser-5 abolished the ability of the peptide to induce adhesion. Peptide-induced adhesion was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of phosphoinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C, but adhesion induced by a peptide containing a phosphoserine at position 5 was insensitive to inhibition. These data establish a novel role for L-plastin in the regulation of leukocyte adhesion and suggest that many signaling events implicated in integrin regulation act via induction of L-plastin phosphorylation.
Self-adaptive phosphor coating technology for wafer-level scale chip packaging (2013)

A new self-adaptive phosphor coating technology has been successfully developed, which adopted a slurry method combined with a self-exposure process. A phosphor suspension in the water-soluble photoresist was applied and exposed to LED blue light itself and developed to form a conformal phosphor coating with self-adaptability to the angular distribution of intensity of blue light and better-performing spatial color uniformity. The self-adaptive phosphor coating technology had been successfully adopted in the wafer surface to realize a wafer-level scale phosphor conformal coating. The first-stage experiments show satisfying results and give an adequate demonstration of the flexibility of self-adaptive coating technology on application of WLSCP.
Fire safety in the operating room (2008)

Operating room fires are infrequent but catastrophic. Operating room fire prevention depends on: (a)understanding how fire triad elements interact to create a fire, (b) recognizing how standard operating-room equipment, materials, and supplemental oxygen can become one of those elements, and (c) vigilance for circumstances that bring fire triad elements into close proximity.
Plausible and adaptive requirement traceability structures (2002)

This paper presents an extension of a traceability system which automates the generation of traceability relations between textual requirement artefacts and object models using heuristic traceability rules. These rules match syntactically related terms in the textual parts of the requirements artefacts with related elements in an object model (e.g. classes, attributes, operations) and create traceability relations of different types when a match is found. The extension described in this paper measures beliefs in: (1) the ability of specific traceability rules to generate correct traceability relations, (2) the satisfiability of traceability rules by particular types of artefacts, and (3) the correctness of individual traceability relations. It also provides a mechanism with well-founded semantics for revising these beliefs on the basis of partial (and even conflicting) assessments of the relations that these rules generate provided by different users.
Nb <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> thin films obtained by chemical spray pyrolysis (2004)

Abstract Nb 2 O 5 thin films have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on fused silica and glass substrates from a 10 −2 M NbCl 5 precursor solution of 50% bidistilled water, 49% ethanol and 1% acetic acid. The films are of compact material with high surface roughness, that decrease with increasing substrate temperature (350 °C to 500 °C) while the deposition velocity decreases. All as‐deposited films are amorphous. Post‐annealing in air to temperatures higher than 500 °C leads to a distorted hexagonal crystal phase. With XPS and depth profiling, the stoichiometry and residuals from the precursor solution in these films have been investigated. In particular, the decomposition of the alcoholic component by post‐annealing could be followed with XPS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex permittivity measurements of common plastics over variable temperatures (2003)

In this paper, we present complex permittivity data at microwave frequencies (approximately 10 GHz) for many common plastics over a temperature range of 122 to 375 K. The measurements were made with a TE/sub 01/spl delta// dielectric resonator placed inside an environmental chamber. Data are presented for the following materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, cross-linked polystyrene, tetrafluorethylene-perfluorpropylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, high-density polyethylene, polyoxy-methylene (acetal homopolymer), and polyamide.
Design of a Test Framework for Automated Interoperability Testing of Healthcare Information Systems (2010)

One of the challenges of evolving healthcare information systems used in healthcare domain is their interoperability. Interoperability not only permits healthcare institutes to take advantage of using heterogeneous solutions from different vendors but it also offers the basis for creating a larger range of services at the edge of medicine/healthcare and information technology. New services can be created in a consistent way based on common approaches of structuring and representing healthcare data. This paper presents a test framework for testing interoperability of eHealth systems. As a major result, the test framework is designed for test automation and extendability with respect to test configurations and test cases.
Watch Your Back (2018)

There is one undeniable conclusion buried in the depressing accounts of attacks on the press compiled by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ): namely, that anyone can murder a journalist and get away with it.
Analysis of the Electrophysiologic Effects of Short-Term Oxybutynin on Guinea Pig and Rabbit Ventricular Cells (2000)

The objective of this study was to investigate the cardioactive properties of oxybutynin, a drug that is widely prescribed for management of voiding dysfunction. Membrane currents were recorded from whole-cell-configured guinea pig ventricular myocytes, and action potentials were recorded from guinea pig and rabbit papillary muscles. L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca),L), inward-rectifier K+ current (I(K1)), and delayed-rectifier K+ current (I(K)) were unaffected by < or = 1 microM oxybutynin, and inhibited by higher concentrations. The concentrations that reduced the currents to one-half of predrug control amplitude (K0.5) were as follows: 1(Ca),L, 16.1 microM, I(K1), 18.2 microM, rapidly activating I(K)(I(Kr)), 11.4 microM, and slowly activating I(K)(I(Ks)), 28.7 microM. Action-potential durations at 20 and 90% repolarization (APD20, APD90) were unaffected by oxybutynin < or =3 microM in guinea pig papillary muscles driven at 1 Hz; higher concentrations selectively shortened the APD20 by as much as 25% (100 microM), and caused moderate reductions in maximal upstroke velocity. Changes in the action potentials of rabbit papillary muscles were even smaller than in the guinea pig muscles. Because the peak therapeutic plasma concentration of oxybutynin is in the 0.01-0.1 microM range, the results suggest that the drug is highly unlikely to have adverse effects on cardiac electrical activity.
The Electrochemical Society 1975 Publication Survey (1976)

This article is a summary of the responses of about 2500 members, nonmembers, and subscribers affiliated with The Electrochemical Society to a survey on Society publication activities. Comments are included about immediate and future activities which will be taken based on these responses.
Intragraft interleukin 2 mRNA expression during acute cellular rejection and left ventricular total wall thickness after heart transplantation (2002)

An increase in left ventricular total wall thickness precedes IL-2 positive acute rejection after heart transplantation. Thus, cardiac allograft rejection accompanied by intragraft IL-2 mRNA expression may be indicative of more severe rejection episodes.
Real-time processing of a long perimeter fiber optic intrusion system (2009)

This thesis reports on recent advances made in real-time intruder detection for an intrusion system developed at Texas A&M University that utilizes a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer. The system uses light pulses from a highly coherent laser to interrogate a length of buried optical fiber. The Rayleigh backscattered light is detected, and a FPGA-based system is used to implement real-time signal processing algorithms. With the introduction of real-time signal processing, the system can run continuously, only triggering intrusions when they are detected. These recent advances allow for more effective processing of intruder signatures, while still giving results comparable to previous off-line signal processing results. With these advances, this technology is a prime candidate for low-cost perimeter monitoring of high-value and high-security targets, such as nuclear power plants, military bases, and national borders.
TCP in Wireless Networks: Challenges, Optimizations and Evaluations (2005)

This thesis presents research on transport layer behavior in wireless networks. As the Internet is expanding its reach to include mobile devices, it has become apparent that some of the original design assumptions for the dominant transport protocol, TCP, are approaching their limits. A key feature of TCP is the congestion control algorithm, constructed with the assumption that packet loss is normally very low, and that packet loss therefore is a sign of network congestion. This holds true for wired networks, but for mobile wireless networks non-congestion related packet loss may appear. The varying signal power inherent with mobility and handover between base-stations are two example causes of such packet loss. This thesis provides an overview of the challenges for TCP in wireless networks together with a compilation of a number of suggested TCP optimizations for these environments. A TCP modification called TCP-L is proposed. It allows an application to increase its performance, in environments where residual bit errors normally give a degraded throughput, by making a reliability