gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman studies of field-induced electron transport and phonon dynamics in a GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure (1998)

Electron transport and phonon dynamics in a GaAs-based p-i-n nanostructure under the application of an electric field have been studied by time-resoled Raman spectroscopy at T equals 80 K. The time-evolution of electron density, electron distribution, electron drift velocity, and LO phonon population has been directly measured with subpicosecond time resolution. Our experimental results show that, for a photoexcited electron-hole pair density of n approximately equals 10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>, the effects of the drifting of electrons and electron intervalley scattering processes govern electron transport properties as well as the LO phonon dynamics. All of the experimental results are compared with ensemble Monte Carlo simulations and satisfactory agreement is obtained.
Absence of hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with hepatitis C and non-A-E hepatitis in the State of São Paulo, Brazil (2004)

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported as cases in which HBV DNA was detected despite the absence of any HBV serological markers or in cases in which anti-HBc antibody was the sole marker. The aim of the present study was to determine, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whether HBV infection occurs in hepatitis C and non-A-E hepatitis patients without serological evidence of hepatitis B infection in São Paulo State. Two different populations were analyzed: 1) non-A-E hepatitis patients, including 12 patients with acute and 50 patients with chronic hepatic disorders without serological evidence of infection with known hepatitis viruses; 2) 43 patients previously diagnosed as hepatitis C with positive results for anti-HCV and HCV RNA. Among hepatitis C patients, anti-HBc was detected in 18.6% of the subjects. Three different sets of primers were employed for HBV DNA detection by nested PCR, covering different HBV genes: C, S and X. HBV-DNA was not detected in any sample, whereas the positive controls did produce signals. The lack of HBV DNA detection with these pairs of primers could be due to a very low viral load or to the presence of mutations in their annealing sites. The latter is unlikely as these primers were screened against an extensive dataset of HBV sequences. The development of more sensitive methods, such as real time PCR, to detect circular covalent closed DNA is necessary in order to evaluate this question since previous studies have shown that cryptic hepatitis B might occur.
Aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria â competitors or natural partners? (2002)

The biological nitrogen cycle is a complex interplay between many microorganisms catalyzing different reactions. For a long time, ammonia and nitrite oxidation by chemolithoautotrophic nitrifiers were thought to be restricted to oxic environments and the metabolic flexibility of these organisms seemed to be limited. The discovery of a novel pathway for anaerobic ammonia oxidation by Planctomyces (anammox) and the finding of an anoxic metabolism by 'classical'Nitrosomonas-like organisms showed that this is no longer valid. The aim of this review is to summarize these novel findings in nitrogen conversion and to discuss the ecological importance of these processes.
The effect of radiation on the fracture repair process. A biomechanical evaluation of a closed fracture in a rat model (1989)

The effects of a single dose of irradiation on the biomechanical parameters of the fracture healing process were studied in a rat model. Intramedullary pinning was performed before production of a closed femoral midshaft fracture. The experimental group was exposed to 900 rad 3 days after fracture and was compared with a control group with a similar fracture that received no irradiation. Animals were killed at intervals ranging from 2-16 weeks after surgery and the bones were tested until failure in torsion. In the irradiated groups, a delay of 4 weeks was noted in the biomechanical parameters associated with fracture healing (torque to failure, torsional stiffness, angle to failure, and biomechanical stage). Despite this delay in the normal temporal progression, the staging and stiffness approached normal controls within an 8-week period. However, the torque to failure remained below normal levels at the conclusion of this study. These results differ from a previous study using an open fracture model.
Socially computed scripts to support social problem solving skills (2012)

The social world that most of us navigate effortlessly can prove to be a perplexing and disconcerting place for individuals with autism. Interactive tools to teach social skills that are personalized to the individual's needs show promise, but it is challenging to author them. We describe the design, development, and preliminary evaluation of an approach to using human computation that enables the creation of models of complex and interesting social scenarios, possible obstacles that may arise in those scenarios, and potential solutions to those obstacles. Our preliminary evaluation of the models confirms that these models have the potential to help an author create a social skills instructional module.
Frequency Analysis of the RRc Variables of the MACHO Database for the LMC (2000)

Abstract We present the first massive frequency analysis of the 1200 first overtone RR Lyrae stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud observed in the first 4.3 yr of the MACHO project. Besides the many new double-mode variables, we also discovered stars with closely spaced frequencies. These variables are most probably nonradial pulsators.
Millimeter Wave Spectrum, Molecular Structure, and Dipole Moment of Hydrogen Selenide (1956)

Several rotational transitions of various Se isotopic species of H2Se and D2Se have been measured in the shorter millimeter wave region. These yield the value of 1.460±0.013 A for the bond length and 91.0°±0.6° for the bond angle. From Stark effect measurements on two of the transitions the value 0.24±0.02 Debye is obtained for the molecular dipole moment.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDAZINE 34. MITT. ELEKTRONENBESCHUSSFRAGMENTIERUNG EINIGER SYMM.‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐B)PYRIDAZINE, TETRAZOLO(1,5‐B)PYRIDAZINE UND VERWANDTER VERBINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Pyridazine. 34. Mitt. Elektronenbeschußfragmentierung einiger symm.‐Triazolo(4,3‐b)pyridazine, Tetrazolo(l′5‐b)pyridazine und verwandterVerbindungen(Pirc, V.; Stanovnik, B.; Tiäler, M.; Marsel, J. und Paudler, W.W.;J. Heterocyclic Chem.
MHz Rate Planar Doppler Velocimetry in Supersonic Jets (2004)

A pulse burst laser and two high-speed CCD cameras were used to perform one-component MHz Rate Planar Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) measurements in an ideally expanded Mach 2.0 jet. The pulse burst laser produced 28 0.532 micron pulses at 250 kHz with ~9 mJ/pulse. Both two-camera and a single-camera experimental set-ups were used to measure a single component of velocity on a streamwise plane passing through the jet centerline and covering ~6 – 12 jet heights downstream of the jet exit. Velocity image sequences consisting of 28 frames showed dynamics of the velocity field over a time span of 108 microseconds (~4.5 non-dimensional time scales). A typical sequence of images is presented, which demonstrates the process of entrainment as low-speed fluid rolls up into the high-speed portion of the jet. Mean and standard deviation statistics of the velocity calculations produced expected trends and showed good agreement between the single- and two-camera experiments. An error analysis revealed speckle as the predominant source of noise, as in a conventional PDV technique. Accuracy is estimated to be 16 m/s for the single-camera system and 24 m/s for the two-camera system.
Efficient technique to fix GPS carrierphase integer ambiguityon-the-fly (1997)

A new and fast method to fix integer ambiguity of GPS carrier phase measurement on-the-fly is proposed. The method is distinguished from other methods in that the relationship between integer ambiguities is found and used in a constraint equation for fixing integer ambiguity. Thus the method does not require positioning for every candidate and only three independent elements of the integer ambiguities are searched; the remaining dependent elements can be obtained from the constraint equation. This may greatly reduce the computational burden. Accurate relative positioning on a move also can be accomplished by adopting the proposed method. The technique is applied to two different types of real data to show its effectiveness. Experimental results show that the proposed method is fast and efficient for relative positioning of a moving user. The method may be used in areas requiring accurate positioning such as navigation and geodesy.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Alkynes to Activated Ketones and Aldehydes (2005)

[reaction: see text] The rhodium-catalyzed addition of alkynes to 1,2-diketones, 1,2-ketoesters, and aldehydes provides a method for the synthesis of tertiary alkynyl alcohols under mild conditions. The reaction tolerates many functional groups (such as carboxylic acids) that are incompatible with other methods. The alkyne addition reaction proceeds best using bulky phosphine ligands such as 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl. This method fills a void in the more common zinc-catalyzed processes, which give poor yields with enolizable 1,2-dicarbonyl substrates.
Zinc Enhances the Protection of Fibrin-Bound Thrombin from Antithro Inhibition. (2007)

Abstract Introduction: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) binds to thrombin (IIa), which bridges IIa to antithrombin (AT) and promotes inhibition. UFH also binds fibrin (Fn) and, by bridging IIa onto Fn, promotes the formation of a ternary UFH-IIa-Fn complex that protects IIa from AT inactivation. Within this ternary complex, UFH binds to exosite 2 on IIa, whereas Fn binds to exosite 1. γ′-fibrinogen (γ′-Fg), which comprises about 10% of circulating Fg, is a variant with an extended γ-chain. Because IIa binds to the γ′ chain via exosite 2, IIa binds γ′-Fn with higher affinity than it does to the bulk γA-Fn. Zinc (Zn) binds both Fn and UFH. Accordingly, we examined the possibility that Zn promotes the formation of the UFH-IIa-Fn complex, thereby increasing the protection of IIa from AT inhibition. Methods: The affinity of 125I-labelled UFH for γ A-Fn was obtained by measuring unbound UFH in the supernatant after γ A-fg was clotted with IIa in the absence or presence of Zn. Similarly, the affinity of IIa for γA- or γ′-Fn was determined by quantifying the chromogenic activity of unbound IIa in the supernatants of clots prepared from γA- or γ′-Fg with or without Zn and UFH. Rate constants of IIa inhibition by AT were determined under pseudo-first order conditions in the absence or presence of soluble fibrin monomer (Fm) prepared from γA- or γ′-Fg. Results: UFH binds γA-fibrin with 4-fold higher affinity in the presence of 12.5 μM Zn than in its absence (Kd values of 0.4 and 1.5 μM, respectively). Therefore, Zn enhances the affinity of UFH for γA-Fn. Likewise, the affinity of IIa for γA-Fn was 3-fold higher in the presence of UFH than in its absence (Kd values of 0.8 and 2.6 μM, respectively). Zn produced an additional 4-fold increase in affinity in the presence of UFH (Kd value of 0.2 μM), but had no effect on IIa binding in its absence. These data suggest that, by heightening the affinity of UFH for γA-Fn, Zn enhances the formation of a UFH-IIa complex with γA-Fn. In contrast, IIa binds γ′-Fn with high affinity (Kd 0.1 μM), and this interaction was unaffected by UFH or Zn. The heparin-catalyzed rate of IIa inhibition by AT was 2 ± 0.2 × 108 M−1 min−1. Using a concentration of γA-Fm that reduced this rate by 25%, the addition of Zn produced an additional 30% reduction in the rate. Contrarily, an equivalent concentration of γ′-Fm reduced the rate by 60%, and there was no further reduction with the addition of Zn. Conclusion: Physiological concentrations of Zn enhance the formation of the UFH-IIa-Fn complex with γA-Fn, thereby increasing the protection of Fn-bound IIa from inhibition by AT. Zn has no effect on ternary complex formation with γ′-Fn, which already binds IIa with high affinity and affords IIa with greater protection than γA-Fn. These findings suggest that the extent of protection of Fn-bound IIa from inhibition by the AT-UFH complex is greater than previously suspected. Because Fn-bound IIa can trigger thrombus growth, its resistance to inhibition helps to explain the limitations of UFH in patients with arterial thrombosis.
Retrospective Study Looking at Cinacalcet in the Management of Hyperparathyroidism after Kidney Transplantation (2017)

<i>Objectives.</i> The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the use of cinacalcet in the management of hyperparathyroidism in kidney transplant recipients. The secondary objective is to identify baseline factors that predict cinacalcet use after transplantation. <i>Methods.</i> In this single-center retrospective study, we conducted a chart review of all patients having been transplanted from 2003 to 2012 and having received cinacalcet up to kidney transplantation and/or thereafter. <i>Results.</i> Twenty-seven patients were included with a mean follow-up of 2.9 ± 2.4 years. Twenty-one were already taking cinacalcet at the time of transplantation. Cinacalcet was stopped within the first month in 12 of these patients of which 7 had to restart therapy. The main reason for restarting cinacalcet was hypercalcemia. Length of treatment was 23 ± 26 months. There were only 3 cases of mild hypocalcemia. There was no statistically significant association between baseline factors and cinacalcet status a year later. <i>Conclusions.</i> Discontinuing cinacalcet within the first month of kidney transplantation often leads to hypercalcemia. Cinacalcet appears to be an effective treatment of hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism in kidney transplant recipients. Further studies are needed to evaluate safety and long-term benefits.
Orbital Overlap and Antiferromagnetic Coupling in Substituted Tetraphenylporphinatomanganate(III) Tetracyanoethenide Based Magnets. The Importance of σ−d<i><sub>z</sub></i><sub><sup>2</sup></sub>−p<i><sub>z</sub></i> Overlap (1998)

A correlation between the orientation of [TCNE]•- (TCNE = tetracyanoethylene) bound to a [MnIII(por)]+ (por = substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrin) and the magnitude of magnetic coupling for a series of previously prepared [Mn(por)][TCNE]·2PhMe linear-chain molecule-based ferrimagnets has been identified. The tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP), tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)porphyrin (H2TClPP), tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2TOMePP), tetrakis(2-fluorophenyl)porphyrin (H2TFPP), and tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2TP‘P) ligands have all been utilized. Previous structural determinations as the ditoluene solvates indicate that the Mn−N distance varies ∼2.6%, while the Mn−(N−C)TCNE bond angle varies by as much as 25.2% from the mean values over this series of compounds. Hence the overlap between the [TCNE]•- π* SOMO and the MnIII SOMO d orbitals plays a significant role in controlling the magnetic properties. From molecular orbital overlap considerations, as determined from semiempirical INDO/SCF calculations, the expected dπ−π* (dπ = dxz, dyz) overlap is not as important as the σ-dz2−π* overlap between MnIII and the [TCNE]•-. Furthermore, the greater the deviation from 90° for the dihedral angle between the mean MnN4 [Mn(por)]+ plane and the [TCNE]•- mean plane increases the σ−dz2/pz overlap between MnIII and the [TCNE]•- leading to an increased intrachain coupling as the angle is decreased. An increase in the Tmin (the temperature at which the minima in the temperature dependence of the moment occurs) is observed as this angle becomes more acute, reflecting the stronger magnetic coupling. This suggests systems with smaller Mn(por)+/[TCNE]•- dihedral and Mn−(N−C)TCNE bond angles should have enhanced intrachain magnetic coupling, Jintra, leading to higher Tc's. Pressure may force such systems to have reduced angles and also lead to higher Tc's.
Integrated monitoring of closed and low flow anesthesia circuits. (1984)

Lowering of the fresh gas flow in a rebreathing anesthesia circuit is associated with certain risks, which may be diminished by increased familiarity of the circuit and it's behaviour. Such experience can be achieved through purposeful monitoring of the circuit and the patient. This paper will deal with clinically practical monitoring methods and their integration into a common time axis.
Physicochemical and Biological Profiling in Drug Research. ElogD7.4 20,000 Compounds Later: Refinements, Observations, and Applications (2007)

Several methods exist for the determination of the partition (or distribution) coefficient for drugs or other compounds, whether in a low-, medium-, or fairly high-throughput fashion. Early in our efforts, we chose to look at RP-HPLC methods, since we thought they offered the best chance of being amenable to automation and, at the same time, no additional instrumentation would have been required, over and above HPLC instruments already present in most laboratories.
Kilopixel array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (2019)

We present a 1024-element near-infrared imaging array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) using a 32×32 row-column multiplexing architecture. The array has an active area of 0.96 × 0.96 mm, making it the largest SNSPD array reported to date in terms of both active area and pixel count. Using a 64-channel time-tagging readout, we have characterized the array's yield, efficiency, and timing resolution. Large arrays of SNSPDs are desirable for applications such as imaging, spectroscopy, or particle detection.
Multi-tiered Security Architecture for ARM via the Virtualization and Security Extensions (2014)

As the ARM architecture has become the favored platform for the fastest growing computing segment, the mobile market, establishing a sound security architecture on the platform is paramount. The frightening increase in malware for the Android and iOS platforms in addition to the adoption of ARM architectures outside of the mobile market only bolster this need. In this paper, we investigate the ARM architecture as well as its security and virtualization extensions available only on the newest generation of ARM processors. Considering these extensions, we present a concept for a multi-tiered security architecture for mobile computing devices. Our concept combines a custom TrustZone component and leverages the advanced features of the Xen hypervisor to present an all encompassing framework for all aspects of security including both load and runtime verification of critical components, strong isolation between components, and virtual machine introspection for anomaly detection.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYLSELENO‐ AND PHENYLSULFENOLACTONIZATIONS. TWO HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND SYNTHETICALLY USEFUL CYCLIZATION PROCEDURES (1979)

Abstract Zahlreiche Säuren, wie z.B. (I), können mit dem Reagenz (II) Phenylseleno‐lactonisiert werden; es werden so z.B. die Verbindungen (III), (IVa), (Va), (VIa), (VII), (VIIIa), (X) (im Gemisch mit dem Isomeren (XI)) und (XIII) gewonnen.
<title>Raman Characterization Of Semiconductors Revisited</title> (1984)

We review a number of recent significant developments in the use of Raman scattering (first-order as well as second-order) to characterize semiconductors in bulk, thin film or device form. Areas to be discussed include microcrystalline and amorphous tetrahedrally bonded solids (particularly Si), ion-damage and laser-annealing effects, microscopic nature of potential fluctuations in alloy semiconductors (including single crystal metastable materials), determination of the composition dependence of conduction band effective mass and scattering times, HgCdTe and CdTe, zone-folding in superlattices, correlation of light scattering and transport properties in quantum well structures, interfaces (including semiconductor/vacuum, Schottky barriers, MOS, heterojunctions) and determination of strains (including temperature dependence) at the interface of Si on various substrates.
On the basics for simulation of feedback-based stock trading strategies: An invited tutorial session (2013)

This paper provides an overview of our CDC tutorial session covering the basics of simulation and performance evaluation associated with stock trading via feedback control methods. The specific trading algorithms which we describe fall under the umbrella of “pure technical analysis” in that they are model-free with no parametrization of the stock-price process assumed. True to technical analysis, we adopt the point of view that the stock price p(t) is an external input with no predictive model for its evolution. The feedback controller adapts the investment level I(t) based on the evolution of the trading gains or losses over time. In the introductory talk, it is explained how this point of view “opens doors” for new research contributions from the control community. The simulations which we consider are of two types: In some cases, the controller's performance is studied using synthetic classes of stock prices such as Geometric Brownian Motion. In other cases, real historical prices are brought into play. We refer to such a real-price simulation as a “backtest.” Once we cover the trading mechanics, the notion of “benchmark price classes,” data acquisition and coding of algorithms, the focal point becomes performance evaluation. That is, with g(t) denoting cumulative gains or losses, we describe a number of metrics which are used to evaluate the performance associated with the trajectory pair (I(·), g(·)). Whereas the first half of the tutorial concentrates on trading a single stock, the last half addresses multi-asset portfolios, educational aspects and the notion of trading competitions.
1955-P: Interleukin-1ß Orchestrates Non–Glucose Dependent Cephalic Phase Insulin Release in Health and Obesity (2020)

The non-glucose dependent spike in insulin levels immediately following the beginning of a meal is called the cephalic or pre-absorptive phase of insulin secretion. Even though this early insulin response is of marked consequence for overall postprandial insulin release, its basic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that both genetic and pharmacologic blockade of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) leads to a pronounced reduction in cephalic phase insulin secretion (-0.65 [95%CI= -1.137 to -0.172]). Assessing mice fed a high-fat diet, we found that the cephalic phase insulin response was abolished in obesity. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials studying cephalic phase insulin release in healthy human volunteers, we found that this was equally the case in humans. In contrast, high-fat diet-fed mice pre-treated with a specific anti-IL-1β antibody once a week developed no such impairment. We therefore conclude, that dysregulation of physiologic IL-1β signaling, specifically during cephalic phase, may contribute to the overall pathology of metabolic disease. Thus, we identify cephalic phase inflammatory signaling as a novel and potentially modifiable target in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Disclosure S.J. Wiedemann: None. E. Dror: None. D.T. Meier: None. K. Trimigliozzi: None. J. Molina-Tijeras: None. F. Schulze: None. L. Rachid: None. S.P. Häuselmann: None. T.V. Rohm: None. H. Mereau: None. C. Magnan: None. M. Boeni-Schnetzler: None. M.Y. Donath: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc., Roche Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis.