gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model of deep penetration laser welding based on calculation of the keyhole profile (1994)

A model describing the process of deep-penetration laser welding has been developed by calculating the keyhole profile using a point-by-point determination of the energy balance at the keyhole wall. A formula for heat conduction was derived from the model of a moving line source of heat. The various absorption mechanisms were modelled. The corresponding absorbed power transferred to the keyhole wall balances the conduction losses, which yields the local inclination of the wall. The thermodynamics and the flow of metal vapour inside the keyhole have been calculated. Accordingly, beam damping due to the plasma plume above the workpiece and the mean plasma absorption coefficient in the keyhole could be estimated. The keyhole profile tends to a geometry that distributes the major part of the beam to the front wall owing to higher conduction losses at the upstream side. The reasons for decreasing energy absorption with increasing welding speed are discussed.
Application and testing of additive manufacturing for mirrors and precision structures (2015)

Additive Manufacturing (aka AM, and 3-D printing) is widely touted in the media as the foundation for the next industrial revolution. Beneath the hype, AM does indeed offer profound advantages in lead-time, dramatically reduced consumption of expensive raw materials, while enabling new and innovative design forms that cannot be produced by other means. General Dynamics and their industry partners have begun to embrace this technology for mirrors and precision structures used in the aerospace, defense, and precision optical instrumentation industries. Aggressively lightweighted, open and closed back test mirror designs, 75-150 mm in size, were first produced by AM from several different materials. Subsequent optical finishing and test experiments have exceeded expectations for density, surface finish, dimensional stability and isotropy of thermal expansion on the optical scale of measurement. Materials currently under examination include aluminum, titanium, beryllium, aluminum beryllium, Inconel 625, stainless steel/bronze, and PEKK polymer.
Elastic-viscoplastic finite-element program for modeling tire/soil interaction (1990)

The viscoplastic finite-element program for modeling tire/soil interaction is shown to be a powerful analytical tool that has a significant promise for improving the Air Force ability to predict aircraft ground operation. A brief review of the mathematical theory of viscoplasticity and the computational procedure used in the finiteelement program is first presented. Next, some of the capabilities of this powerful analytical tool are demonstrated. The first example considered is that of the effect of tire pressure on sinkage and rut depth produced on constant strength clay and sand soils. Then, the effect of layered soil on sinkage and rut depth is examined, considering the possibility of soft over hard as well as of hard over soft layers. This latest case is further studied investigating the effect of the variation of the top thickness layer on sinkage. In conclusion, tables are presented that provide an equivalent cone index for a two-layered clay soil of different strengths and thicknesses. To demonstrate the capability of the program to model contingency surfaces, the behavior of standard flexible and rigid pavements under a medium tire pressure were considered.
<title>The Range Only Correlation System</title> (1980)

Developed specifically as a position updating guidance system for missile applications, the feasibility of the Range Only Correlation System (ROCS) was established by computer simulation in 1969-1970 and flight testing in 1975-1977. ROCS consists of a conventional radar sensor and a digital processor; it establishes the actual location of a vehicle flying at either high or low altitude extremes and over a wide variety of terrain characteristics. For high altitude applications this system derives position information by sequentially comparing three or more independent radar range returns with prestored range references. For low altitude applications vertical position information is obtained with the system operating in an altimeter mode, while horizontal position information is derived by comparing two independent radar range returns with references. The general features of this position updating system are presented. This includes a description of the radar sensor, the digital processor, the reference data, the performance characteristics, and lastly, the objectives of the current flight test program.
Eigenstate-free, Green function, calculation of molecular absorption and fluorescence line shapes (1986)

Green function techniques are used to develop a simple and efficient method towards the calculation of optical absorption, excitation, and dispersed fluorescence spectra of large harmonic polyatomic molecules. The molecular line shapes are expressed in terms of Fourier transforms of appropriate correlation functions which may be explicitly evaluated. Closed expressions are derived for a general harmonic molecule with two electronic states including equilibrium displacements, frequency changes, and Dushinsky rotation, within the Condon approximation. A simple method for extracting the complete set of parameters characterizing the ground and the electronically excited states from supersonic beam absorption and emission spectra is presented. Detailed calculations are performed for a model system with ten vibrational modes, and the sensitivity of the various experimental observables to Dushinsky rotation is analyzed.
Equitization of state enterprises in Vietnam (1998)

This report presents the survey team's findings and incorporates relevant contributions made by participants in the seminar. It is organized in four parts. Part I provides information on the legal framework for equitization, highlights salient features of the equitization program, and presents a step-by-step description of implementation procedure. Part II briefly discusses the survey's scope and limitations. It then identifies key features of enterprises visited and elaborates on the survey team's findings. Part III presents the major issues identified during the survey and makes a series of recommendations. Part IV summarizes the team's conclusions.
Flexible high-order quadrature amplitude modulation transmitter for elastic optical networks (2015)

To adapt to the network dynamics and support elastic network resource allocation in the future elastic optical networks, optical transmitter with flexibility and re-configurability in modulation formats becomes indispensable, offering network providers flexibility in transport bandwidth. In this paper, we discuss our proposed two flexible high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmitter schemes, including (i) a flexible transmitter based on tandem in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulators for generating 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM signals; and (ii) a scheme based on monolithically-integrated quad-Mach-Zehnder IQ modulator (QMZ-IQ) with binary driving electronics for synthesizing minimum phase-shift keying (MSK), quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK), 8-ary phase-shift keying (8PSK), and 16QAM signals. These schemes provide different approaches to configure a flexible high-order QAM transmitter, either using cascaded off-the-shelf modulators, or via highly-integrated monolithic modulator. These flexible and reconfigurable transmitter schemes provide the network providers different flexible transmitter solutions suitable for different application scenarios in elastic optical networks.
New Compounds. Derivatives of Di-(<i>p</i>-chlorophenyl)-acetic Acid (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compounds. Derivatives of Di-(p-chlorophenyl)-acetic AcidOliver. Grummitt and Dean. MarshCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 12, 4156–4157Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online30 October 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01180a650https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01180a650research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREVENTION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION IN POULTRY BY PRETREATMENT OF CHICKENS AND POULTS WITH INTESTINAL EXTRACTS (1977)

Day-old chickens or turkey poults when pretreated with an oral dose of intestinal fluid froma healthy adult bird, were considerably more resistant to the subsequent establishment of Salmonella typhimurium in their intestinal tract than were non-treated chickens or turkey poults. Caecal fluid was more effective as a pretreatment than were washings taken from other parts of the gastro-intestinal tract of a healthy adult bird. This increased resistance of pretreated chickens or poults is thought to result from the rapid establishment of a conventional indigenous microflora which inhabits establishment and growth by the invading enteric pathogen.
Differential spatial memory impairment after right temporal lobectomy demonstrated using temporal titration (1999)

In this study a temporal titration method to explore the extent to which spatial memory is differentially impaired following right temporal lobectomy was employed. The spatial and non-spatial memory of 19 left and 19 right temporal lobectomy (TL) patients was compared with that of 16 normal controls. The subjects studied an array of 16 toy objects and were subsequently tested for object recall, object recognition and memory for the location of the objects. By systematically varying the retention intervals for each group, it was possible to match all three groups on object recall at sub-ceiling levels. When memory for the position of the objects was assessed at equivalent delays, the right TL group revealed disrupted spatial memory, compared with both left TL and control groups (P < 0.05). MRI was used to quantify the extent of temporal lobe resection in the two groups and a significant correlation between hippocampal removal and both recall of spatial location and object name recall in the right TL group only was shown. These data support the notion of a selective (but not exclusive) spatial memory impairment associated with right temporal lobe damage that is related to the integrity of the hippocampal functioning.
A Genome-Wide Scan for Loci Linked to Plasma Levels of Glucose and HbA1c in a Community-Based Sample of Caucasian Pedigrees (2002)

Elevated blood glucose levels are the hallmark of type 2 diabetes as well as a powerful risk factor for development of the disease. We conducted a genome-wide search for diabetes-related genes, using measures of glycemia as quantitative traits in 330 pedigrees from the Framingham Heart Study. Of 3,799 attendees at the 5th Offspring Study exam cycle (1991--1995), 1,461, 1,251, and 771 men (49%) and women provided information on levels of 20-year mean fasting glucose, current fasting glucose, and HbA(1c), respectively, and 1,308 contributed genotype data (using 401 microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 10 cM). Levels of glycemic traits were adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol and estrogen use, physical activity, and BMI. We ranked standardized residuals from these models, created normalized deviates from the ranks, and used the variance component model implemented in SOLAR (Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines) to evaluate linkage to normalized deviates as quantitative traits. We found peak evidence for linkage to 20-year mean fasting glucose levels on chromosome 1 at approximately 247 cM from p-telomere (pter) (multipoint logarithm of odds [LOD] 2.33) and on chromosome 10 at approximately 86 cM from pter (multipoint LOD 2.07); to current fasting glucose levels on chromosome 1 at approximately 218 cM from pter (multipoint LOD 1.80) and on chromosome 10 at approximately 96 cM from pter (multipoint LOD 2.15); and to HbA(1c) levels on chromosome 1 at approximately 187 cM (multipoint LOD 2.81). This analysis of unselected European Caucasian pedigrees suggests localization of quantitative trait loci influencing glucose homeostasis on chromosomes 1q and 10q. Findings at approximately 187--218 cM on chromosome 1 appear to replicate linkage reported in previous studies of other populations, pointing to this large chromosomal region as worthy of more detailed scrutiny in the search for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes.
East Coast Computer Algebra Day '99 (April 24, 1999) (1999)

We discuss three problems from different parts of number theory. One involves computation of individual digits of various constants. One involves characterization of Cyclotomic polynomials with odd coefficients. One concerns "flat polynomials" and class number formulae.
Integrating User Affective State Assessment in Enhancing HCI: Review and Proposition (2008)

In the past decades, human computer interaction field began to witness studies exploring not only the rational characteristics of human users in making decisions but also their "extra-rational" aspects in interacting with environment and devices. The first task in exploiting one such facet, human affective states, is to accurately recognize and assess the internal state affective state. In this paper, we summarize the features, challenges and requirements of real-world HCI systems to user modeling and assistance. A survey of the state-of-the-art of affective state assessment focuses on computational assessment models underlying different studies. A user affective state assessment framework developed by the author based on dynamic Bayesian networks is also visited. The last part of the paper moves on to articulate what is perceived the future research direction contributing to the challenging research of affective state assessment in user modeling, which foresee integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge bases.
Control and Synchronization of Neuron Ensembles (2013)

Synchronization of oscillations is a phenomenon prevalent in natural, social, and engineering systems. Controlling synchronization of oscillating systems is motivated by a wide range of applications from surgical treatment of neurological diseases to the design of neurocomputers. In this paper, we study the control of an ensemble of uncoupled neuron oscillators described by phase models. We examine controllability of such a neuron ensemble for various phase models and, furthermore, study the related optimal control problems. In particular, by employing Pontryagin's maximum principle, we analytically derive optimal controls for spiking single- and two-neuron systems, and analyze the applicability of the latter to an ensemble system. Finally, we present a robust computational method for optimal control of spiking neurons based on pseudospectral approximations. The methodology developed here is universal to the control of general nonlinear phase oscillators.
D4.2.1 State-of-the-art survey on Ontology Merging and Aligning V1 (2004)

EU-IST Integrated Project (IP) IST-2003-506826 SEKT Deliverable D4.2.1 (WP4) This deliverable contains a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey on Ontology Merging and Aligning methods, tools and specification languages. Keyword list: Ontology Mediation, state-of-the-art survey, ontology merging, ontology aligning, ontology mapping
A hybrid analysis of ellipsometry data from patterned structures (2001)

Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) has been used for modeling the polarization dependent reflection from periodic patterns for process monitoring and control. However, the computational load of this vector method is very heavy. In this paper, we will carefully examine a much simpler scalar method for reflection modeling. We also extend the application of the vector analysis to some special non-periodic structures by combining RCWA with the scalar model. We conclude that this hybrid approach is of significant promise for in situ IC production applications.
Enhanced methods for the collection of on-scene information by emergency medical system providers (2002)

Emergency Medical Systems (EMS) assess their cardiac care performance and effectiveness by measuring how quickly they respond to arrest and infarction. Time intervals defined by standard response models such as the Utstein Style for Cardiac Arrest Reporting are recorded and tracked to identify delays in patient treatment which can impact patient outcomes. Unfortunately, most event times, as entered into the responder's run reports, are inaccurate, since they are estimated retrospectively after the incident is over. A data collection device that can accurately gather information included in the run report is proposed. The device must be able to accept information about the incident context, record the time of key events, and capture the narrative summary without interfering with patient care. When the incident is over, it should import information from computer dispatch systems and diagnostic or therapeutic medical devices used on-scene. Information must be exported for remote diagnoses and for inclusion in the computerized patient care record. Current voice recognition systems which are able to recognize and time-stamp short phrases associated with on-scene events, allow a flow sheet to be composed as the incident progresses. Critical data and times can thus be accurately collected without the need for responders to touch a screen or keypad. These systems can also capture the clinical narrative by transcribing verbal reports as they are delivered to emergency department physicians. A Windows application, running on a waistband computer and suitable for use by EMS responders, has been developed based on these principles and technologies, and is now being evaluated in field use.
Relationship between Serum Lipoprotein Ratios and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2012)

Objective. To investigate the association between serum lipoprotein ratios and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods. 105 PCOS patients and 109 controls were randomly enrolled in the study. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), fasting glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were checked, and then TG/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C, ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were calculated. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to calculate the insulin resistance. Results. All lipoprotein ratios were significantly higher in PCOS patients as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). TG/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). The ROC curve demonstrated that TC/HDL-C ratio had higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing PCOS with insulin resistance. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that serum lipoprotein ratio significantly correlates with insulin resistance and can be used as the marker of insulin resistance in PCOS patients.
Internal deformation of a uniform elastic solid by acoustic radiation force (1999)

Tissue elasticity estimation is a growing area of ultrasound research. One proposed approach would apply acoustic radiation force to displace tissue and use ultrasonic motion tracking techniques to measure the resultant displacement. Such a technique might allow noninvasive imaging of tissue elastic properties. The potential of this method will be limited by the magnitude of displacements which can be generated at reasonable acoustic intensity levels. This paper presents methods for estimating the internal displacements induced in an elastic solid by acoustic radiation force. These methods predict displacements on the order of 400 μm in the human vitreous body, 0.008 μm in human breast, and 0.020 μm in human liver at an acoustic intensity of 1.0 W/cm2 (in water) and an operating frequency of 10 MHz. While the displacement generated in the vitreous should be readily detectable using ultrasonic methods, the displacements generated in the breast and liver will be much more difficult to detect. Methods are also developed for predicting the time dependent temperature increases associated with attenuated acoustic fields in the absence of perfusion. These results indicate promise for radiation force imaging in the vitreous, but potential difficulties in applying these techniques in other parts of the body.
Method and apparatus for laser-controlled proton beam radiology (2023)

A proton beam radiology system provides cancer treatment and proton radiography. The system includes an accelerator for producing an H.sup.- beam and a laser source for generating a laser beam. A photodetachment module is located proximate the periphery of the accelerator. The photodetachment module combines the H.sup.- beam and laser beam to produce a neutral beam therefrom within a subsection of the H.sup.- beam. The photodetachment module emits the neutral beam along a trajectory defined by the laser beam. The photodetachment module includes a stripping foil which forms a proton beam from the neutral beam. The proton beam is delivered to a conveyance segment which transports the proton beam to a patient treatment station. The photodetachment module further includes a laser scanner which moves the laser beam along a path transverse to the cross-section of the H.sup.- beam in order to form the neutral beam in subsections of the H.sup.- beam. As the scanning laser moves across the H.sup.- beam, it similarly varies the trajectory of the proton beam emitted from the photodetachment module and in turn varies the target location of the proton beam upon the patient. Intensity modulation of the proton beam can also be achieved by controlling the output of the laser.
Revision in ACMS (1992)

Abstract The motivation for creating truth maintenance systems is twofold. First, it is used for the abduction process of generating explanation for a query; and second, to perform the necessary bookkeeping of revision of the knowledge base. The process of revision is defined as addition and deletion of knowledge from the knowledge base. A logical scheme for tracking the dependency between query and its explanation in an assumption-based clause management system (ACMS) for the purpose of abduction and revision is proposed. As a consequence, an incremental deletion scheme is derived. A protocol for assumption revision is demonstrated by a backtrack search example. The proposed ACMS is the first truth maintenance system that employs incremental deletion as part of its capability.