gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HEMOSTATIC DEFECTS AND INCREASED RED CELL DESTRUCTION IN PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA (1955)

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Medicine, Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio
Nanoparticles-decorated coal tar pitch-based carbon foam with enhanced electromagnetic radiation absorption capability (2015)

Carbon foam decorated with magnetic and dielectric nanoparticles exhibited significantly improved EM radiation absorption in the X-band frequency region.
Decreases in Dopamine Receptors but not in Dopamine Transporters in Alcoholics (1996)

It has been hypothesized that ethanol's actions on the dopamine (DA) system may participate in addiction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the DA system in the brain of alcoholics. We evaluated 10 alcoholics and 17 nonalcoholics using positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride to measure DA D2 receptors. In addition, in 5 of the alcoholics and 16 of the nonalcoholics, we also measured DA transporters with [11C]d-threo methylphenidate. The ratio of the distribution volumes in striatum to that in cerebellum, which corresponds to Bmax/Kd + 1, was used as model parameter of DA D2 receptor and transporter availability. Dopamine D2 receptor availability (Bmax/Kd) was significantly lower in alcoholics (2.1 +/- 0.5) than in nonalcoholics (2.7 +/- 0.6) (p < 0.05) and was not correlated with days since last alcohol use. Alcoholics showed DA transporter values similar to those in nonalcoholics. The ratio of DA D2 receptor to transporter availability was significantly higher in nonalcoholics (1.4 +/- 0.1) than in alcoholics (1.1 +/- 0.1) (p < 0.005). Alcoholics showed significant reductions in D2 receptors (postsynaptic marker) but not in DA transporter availability (presynaptic marker) when compared with nonalcoholics. Because D2 receptors in striatum are mainly localized in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cells these results provide evidence of GABAergic involvement in the dopaminergic abnormalities seen in alcoholics.
Regeneration and transformation of Crambe abyssinica (2014)

Present research revealed the potential of using crambe meristematic tissue for genetic transformation and in vitro propagation. The most efficient method of transformation used cotyledonary node explants from 7-days-old seedlings with a shifting kanamycin selection. Meristematic tissues (cotyledonary node or axillary bud) had the highest ability for shoot proliferation. Single-copy T-DNA insert lines could be efficiently and reproducibly generated.
ACTIVITIES OF 3,4‐DIHYDROXY‐<scp>l</scp>‐PHENYLALANINE AND 5‐HYDROXY‐<scp>l</scp>‐TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASES IN RAT BRAIN: ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION (1973)

Abstract— Optimal assay conditions for decarboxylation of 3,4‐dihydroxy‐ l ‐phenylalanine (DOPA) and 5‐hydroxy‐ l ‐tryptophan (5‐HTP) were determined in homogenates of rat brain by use of a sensitive, precise microradiometric technique. The two activities exhibited widely different optima for pH, temperature and substrate concentrations. The activity of 5‐HTP decarboxylase was stimulated 2‐fold by added pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate and was relatively resistant to antagonists of pyridoxal‐P. By contrast, the activity of DOPA decarboxylase was stimulated 20‐fold by added coenzyme and could be completely inhibited by carboxyl trapping agents. DOPA decarboxylase activity in subcellular fractions of brain was associated predominately with the soluble fractions and its distribution in the various fractions closely paralleled that of lactic acid dehydrogenase. 5‐HTP decarboxylase activity in brain was distributed almost equally between soluble and particulate fractions, and its distribution within the particulate fractions differed from that of succinic acid dehydrogenase. The two decarboxylases in brain exhibited a 7‐fold divergence in relative specific activity when their respective distributions in subcellular fractions were compared. Similarly, the regional distributions of the two decarboxylases in rat brain did not parallel one another; e.g. there was a 4‐fold difference between the ratio of the two activities in cerebellum and that found in the corpus striatum.
Non-Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy Approaches to the Future Treatment of Alzheimers Disease (2002)

Research on the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease has elucidated pathogenic pathways from which a range of rational pharmacological interventions has emerged. The most promising strategies involve approaches to retarding, halting or preventing the formation or accumulation of beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Other therapeutic approaches include those acting via excitatory amino acid receptors, limiting the oxidative stress and inflammatory response associated with dementia, molecules with nerve growth factor like activity. In the present article these and the other recent advances in the neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of AD will be reviewed.
Biofilm Formation by <i>Candida dubliniensis</i> (2001)

Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic yeast closely related to Candida albicans that has been recently implicated in oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation, with cells in biofilms displaying properties dramatically different from free-living cells grown under normal laboratory conditions. Here, we report on the development of in vitro models of C. dubliniensis biofilms on the surfaces of biomaterials (polystyrene and acrylic) and on the characteristics associated with biofilm formation by this newly described species. Time course analysis using a formazan salt reduction assay to monitor metabolic activities of cells within the biofilm, together with microscopy studies, revealed that biofilm formation by C. dubliniensis occurred after initial focal adherence, followed by growth, proliferation, and maturation over 24 to 48 h. Serum and saliva preconditioning films enhanced the initial attachment of C. dubliniensis and subsequent biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to further characterize C. dubliniensis biofilms. Mature C. dubliniensis biofilms consisted of a dense network of yeasts cells and hyphal elements embedded within exopolymeric material. C. dubliniensis biofilms displayed spatial heterogeneity and an architecture showing microcolonies with ramifying water channels. Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated the increased resistance of sessile C. dubliniensis cells, including the type strain and eight different clinical isolates, against fluconazole and amphotericin B compared to their planktonic counterparts. C. dubliniensis biofilm formation may allow this species to maintain its ecological niche as a commensal and during infection with important clinical repercussions.
Metric properties of the appropriateness evaluation protocol and predictors of inappropriate hospital use in Germany: an approach using longitudinal patient data (2002)

Inter-rater agreement for the evaluation of hospital days among surgical patients was 84% (80-87%), with an average kappa value of 0.58 (0.48-0.68). Corresponding figures for patients in medicine were 76% (73-80%) with a K value of 0.42 (0.34-0.42). Inter-rater agreement for hospital admissions and K was 74% (62-86%) and 0.44 (0.21-0.67) in surgery, and 92% (85-100%) and 0.31 (0-0.80) in medicine, respectively. Thirty-three per cent of all admissions and 28% of consecutive hospital days were judged inappropriate in surgery; among medicine patients, reviewers found 6% of admissions and 33% of hospital days inappropriate. Time since admission was the strongest predictor of inappropriate hospital use adjusted for length of stay, comorbidity, age, and gender.
An Attempt to Characterize the Beta-Adrenoceptor Subtype Mediating Tail Skin Temperature Response of Rats to Acute Administration of Isoproterenol (1983)

The skin of the tail of the rat responds to acute administration of isoproterenol, a β<sub>1</sub>- and β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist, with an increase in temperature that is proportional to the dose administered. The objective of this study was to attempt a characterization of the subtype of β-adrenoceptor mediating this response. The nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist, nadolol (SQ 11,725), at 5 mg/kg s.c, administered one-half hour prior to administration of either 50 or 100 μg isoproterenol/kg s.c, completely inhibited the increase in tail skin temperature. Atenolol, a selective β<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptor antagonist, administered at 6 mg/kg i.p. one-half hour prior to administration of 50 μg isoproterenol/kg s.c, also inhibited completely the increase in tail skin temperature. Butoxamine (10 mg/kg i.p.), a selective β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor antagonist, had no significant effect on the isoproterenol-induced increase in tail skin temperature although a higher dose (25 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited the response. However, the latter dose was apparently high enough to attenuate the chronotropic response mediated by β-adrenoceptors of the heart of conscious rats to acute administration of isoproterenol (8 μg/kg s.c). An increase in tail skin temperature was not observed following administration of salbutamol (200 or 300 μg/kg), a selective β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonist. The results of these studies are consistent with mediation of the increase in tail skin temperature by β<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptors. The results also support an earlier suggestion that the increase in tail skin temperature accompanying administration of isoproterenol is not the result of a direct effect on the vasculature but is an indirect effect occurring secondarily to an increase in metabolic rate.
Effects of oat protein supplementation on skeletal muscle damage, inflammation and performance recovery following downhill running in untrained collegiate men (2018)

The positive influence of animal-based protein supplementation during muscle-damaging exercise has been widely studied. However, the effects of plant-based proteins remain unclear and require further clarification. This study investigated the protective role of oat protein against exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD), subsequent inflammation, and loss of performance induced by downhill running. Subjects consumed either oat protein (25 g protein) or a placebo for 14 days prior to a downhill running test and then for 4 days thereafter. Treatments with oat protein for 19 days markedly alleviated eccentric exercise induced skeletal muscle soreness, and reduced the elevation of plasma IL-6 concentrations and serum creatine kinase, myoglobin and C reactive protein contents. In addition, oat protein supplementation significantly inhibited limb edema following damaging exercise, and the adverse effects on muscle strength, knee-joint range of motion, and vertical jump performance were lessened. Furthermore, the administration of oat protein facilitated recovery from exhaustive downhill running in this study. These findings demonstrated that oat protein supplementation has the potential to alleviate the negative effects of eccentric exercise in untrained young males.
Automated alignment for free-space optical systems based on micro-optical-electro-mechanical systems (2003)

The emerging technology of micro-optical-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) offer promise for automating the alignment of free-space optical systems, especially intra-computer optical interconnects. MOEMS-based microlenses and micromirrors have been fabricated for the purpose of providing initial system alignment and dynamic alignment.
Salvage of advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: internal carotid artery sacrifice and extracranial–intracranial revascularization (2003)

A high rate of morbidity and mortality is associated with cases in which skull base CA sacrifice and an EC-IC bypass are performed. Not all resected arteries are shown to have malignant infiltration on histological examination. Better preoperative imaging criteria are needed to define malignant infiltration of the ICA at the skull base. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy without aggressive tumor resection may be an option for these patients.
On the Possibility of Determination of Thermodynamic Functions of the Li–S Electrochemical System Using the EMF Method (2019)

This work assesses the applicability of the EMF method for determination of the values of thermodynamic functions for the Li–S electrochemical system in lithium–sulfur cells with various states of charge. It is shown that the EMF method can be used for determination of the values of thermodynamic functions for the Li–S electrochemical systems in lithium–sulfur cells with various states of discharge only in the first charge–discharge cycle. The EMF method is inapplicable in the following charge–discharge cycles owing to disturbance of equilibrium in the electrochemical system due to the direct chemical interaction between sulfur and high-order polysulfides of lithium (Li2Sn, n > 4) and the metallic lithium electrode. The thermodynamic functions of the Li–S system with different sulfur reduction degree are in the following ranges: ΔG = –480…–410 kJ/mol; ΔH = –490…–420 kJ/mol; ΔS = –120…–20 J/(mol K) at the temperature of 303 K. Quantum–chemical calculations of the values of thermodynamic functions are carried out for electrochemical reduction of sulfur and lithium polysulfides. The calculated values of thermodynamic functions agree reasonably with the measured values. The thermodynamic efficiency of energy conversion is estimated for discharge of lithium–sulfur cells at 30°C; it is 93–98%.
First Thermally Responsive Supramolecular Polymer Based on Glycosylated Amino Acid (2002)

In materials science, a dynamic property sensitive to an environmental change (heat, light, electric current, pH, and other chemical or physical changes) is indispensable for intelligent materials. Such organic materials, however, are very limited even in conventional polymers. This paper clearly demonstrates that, regardless of the low molecular weight, a glycosylated amino acid derivative newly screened by a combinatorial method forms a macroscopic supramolecular hydrogel that reversibly swells or shrinks in response to the external temperature. Using the unique thermal response of the present hydrogel, we carried out the controlled release of DNA and the perfect removal of bisphenol A from the polluted water. Recently, advanced supramolecular polymers, in which monomers are noncovalently connected, are expected to be highly advantageous over traditional polymers because of their tunable and recyclable characteristics. The present result newly confers a dynamic feature on the supramolecular polymers, which is desirable for the sophisticated application in many fields.
Genetic variability of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from different hosts and locations (2017)

Rhizoctonia species is well known as a destructive fungal pathogen in various agro-ecosystems globally. The current study attempted to investigate the genetic diversity among various anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia species obtained from different locations and crops. Two types of markers were used to detect the genetic variability among isolates. The results showed that all the molecular markers were able to show reasonable polymorphisms. The clustering tree and PCA plot analysis supported the separation based on taxonomic groups more than the separation according to geographical origin and host. This indicates that there are other important factors that contribute to the genetic variation among Rhizoctonia isolates. The knowledge gathered in this study would be useful for developing crops that are resistant to Rhizoctonia diseases. This will assist in planning for the right crop rotation and proper disease management programs.
Emerging Optical Techniques for Detection of Oral, Cervical and Anal Cancer in Low-Resource Settings (2014)

Cancers of the oral and anogenital regions are a growing global health problem that disproportionately impact women and men living in developing countries. The high death rate in developing countries is largely due to the fact that these countries do not have the appropriate medical infrastructure and resources to support the organized screening and diagnostic programs that are available in the developed world. Emerging optical diagnostics techniques, such as optical spectroscopy, reflectance imaging, and fluorescence imaging, are noninvasive techniques that are sensitive to multiple cancer biomarkers and have shown the potential as a cost–effective and fast tool for diagnosis of early precancerous changes in the cervix, oral cavity and anus. This paper provides a review of current strategies for prevention, screening and diagnostic tests of oral, cervical and anal cancers and development in optical diagnostic techniques that could potentially be used to improve current practice in resource–limited settings.
The effects of alpha 2-adrenergic and serotonergic receptor antagonists on cyclic blood flow alterations in stenosed canine coronary arteries. (1984)

Platelets possess alpha 2-adrenergic and serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors which are thought to mediate the in vitro proaggregatory effects of epinephrine and serotonin, respectively. However, their importance in platelet aggregation in vivo is uncertain. In the present study, we evaluate the ability of yohimbine and ketanserin, relatively selective alpha 2-adrenergic and serotonin antagonists, respectively, to alter cyclic flow reductions in stenosed coronary arteries in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. These cyclic flow reductions, characterized by progressive declines in coronary blood flow interrupted by abrupt and, often spontaneous, restorations of flow, were produced by cylindrical constrictors placed on the left anterior descending coronary artery. A pulsed Doppler flow probe, placed proximal to the constrictor, was used to measure coronary blood flow. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with 15-micron radiolabeled microspheres before coronary constriction and when coronary blood flow appeared to be at its nadir and zenith during cyclic flow reductions. After the cyclic flow reductions had been observed for 1 hour, yohimbine (1-2 mg/kg), ketanserin (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg), or saline was given, and coronary blood flow and hemodynamics were monitored for another hour. The frequency of cyclic flow reductions and the mean of the three lowest nadirs of coronary blood flow (mean +/- SE) were compared between the first and second hours. Ketanserin, at doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg, virtually abolished cyclic flow reductions in all dogs tested. Yohimbine [1 mg/kg ( n = 14)] was partially effective in reducing the frequency (9.6 vs. 5.5 cyclic flow reductions/hr) and severity of cyclic flow reductions (nadirs of coronary blood flow = 6.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 20.9 +/- 6.1% of control). A higher dose of yohimbine [2 mg/kg (n = 7)] was no more effective. The frequency (9.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.0 CFR/hr) and severity (17.4 +/- 5.4 vs. 12.4 +/- 3.9% of control coronary blood flow) of cyclic flow reductions were not changed by saline. The relatively selective alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin (0.01 mg/kg, iv), and the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (1-2 mg/kg, iv), did not affect the frequency or severity of cyclic flow reductions. Thus, the abilities of yohimbine to inhibit and ketanserin to abolish cyclic flow reductions in stenosed canine coronary arteries suggest that serotonin and, possibly, alpha 2-adrenergic agonists may influence cyclic flow alterations importantly in this model.
Lithium polymer battery with high energy density (2000)

Polymer cathode materials based on organosulfur compounds are developed for lithium rechargeable batteries with high energy density. Making a well-mixed composite with a conducting polymer polyaniline (PAn) accelerates slow redox reactions of organosulfur compounds such as 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT). Using a copper cathode current collector, battery performances of the DMcT/PAn composite cathode are significantly improved due to a formation of a complex between DMcT and a copper ion: discharge capacity exceeding 225 Ah/kg-cathode and cyclability more than 500 charge-discharge cycles being achieved. Furthermore, addition of elemental sulfur (S8) to the composite further augments the discharge capacity of the composite cathode to more than 500 Ah/kg-cathode.
Utilization of Glucose Oxidase for Extending the Shelf‐Life of Fish (1986)

ABSTRACT The preservative benefits of the enzymic glucose oxidase/catalase system were measured in refrigerated, fresh, whole winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus Waldbaum) and winter flounder fillets. The enzyme system was applied as a dip, as an ice and immobilized in algin blankets. Advantages were an extended period of sensory acceptance and delayed onset of putrefactive odors, 21 days vs 15 days for controls. The pattern of endogenous hypoxanthine accumulation and decline was unaffected, but parameters thought to measure proteolytic activity were modified: creatinine turnover was slowed and ammonia generation was retarded.
int-2 Oncogene amplification and prognosis in node-negative breast carcinoma (1997)

The role of int-2 oncogene amplification on the prognosis of breast cancer patients was investigated in 128 patients with node-negative primary breast cancers given first-line local-regional treatments until relapse and with a median follow-up of 65 months. Tumours had been previously characterised for oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status and proliferative activity (3H-thymidine labelling index). Amplification of the int-2 oncogene occurred in 18% of cases and was significantly related to the presence of hormone receptors and to menopausal status or age, but not to proliferative status. Patients with tumours exhibiting int-2 amplification had a lower probability of disease-free survival than patients with non-amplified tumours and frequently developed local-regional recurrence. Disease-free survival analysis, adjusted for the prognostic contribution provided by tumour size, steroid receptors and proliferative rate, indicated that the association between int-2 amplification and risk of relapse was maintained and remained constant even in the presence of the other co-variates. Interestingly, int-2 amplification was a further prognostic discriminant within subsets of patients with a putatively good (i.e., tumour size <20 mm, ER+ and PgR+) or poor prognosis (i.e., high labelling index). Our exploratory study suggests that within node-negative patients, int-2 amplification could be a valuable and independent prognosticator, useful to identify patients at high risk of local-regional recurrence.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION‐SPLITTING OFF DURING BROMINATION OF OLEFINS (1976)

Abstract Die Bromierung eines Gemisches der isomeren Triene (I) und (II) bei ‐20°C in inerten Lösungsmitteln unter Lichtausschluß liefert quantitativ ein Gemisch der dehydrobromierten Addukte (III) und (IV).
Identification and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of 3‐Methylene‐2‐norbornanone as Potent Antiproliferative Agents Presumably Working Through p53 Mediated Apoptosis. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.