gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AFLP fingerprinting in <i>Medicago</i> spp.: Its development and application in linkage mapping (1999)

Abstract Cultivated alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L., 2 n = 4 x = 32) is one of the most important forage crops in temperate climates. The genus Medicago includes diploid species that are a valuable source of wild germplasm for studying the reproductive system of alfalfa and its abnormalities. A linkage map of an apomeiotic mutant of Medicago falcata (L.) Arcang. (2 n = 2 x = 16) that spanned 368.6 cM and included 29 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 35 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and three restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci was constructed using a one‐way pseudo‐testcross mapping strategy. The success of such a strategy depends on the presence of sufficiently high levels of heterozygosity in the individual plant which is being mapped and on the informativeness of the marker system that is used. In general: (1) highly informative and reproducible RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were generated and several genome‐specific primers selected; (2) of 67 marker loci mapped, 51 were arranged in 11 main linkage groups and eight additional couples of linked marker loci were detected; (3) mapping of an F 1 population theoretically allowed a better estimation of linkage distances since it avoided segregation distortion (x 2 analyses revealed segregation distortion in only 5.2% of marker loci); (4) the high frequency of unlinked marker loci obtained suggests that, in this alfalfa genotype, DNA markers are distributed throughout the genome. This type of genetic map should find application and prove useful in marker‐assisted selection and map‐based breeding programmes in meiotic mutants of alfalfa for which there is a lack of suitable genetic markers.
Phototoxicity of Rose Bengal in mycological media – implications for laboratory practice (1999)

The effects of Rose Bengal (RB) on plate counts of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied under natural sunlight and artificial fluorescent lighting. While RB was not inherently toxic in darkness at concentrations found in mycological media, the illumination of media containing RB caused a decrease in colony counts in all cases, and especially for surface spread plates. A negative synergy was observed between chloramphenicol, RB and illumination using a spring water sample containing substantial numbers of Gram-negative bacteria. Exposure of media containing RB to moderate amounts of light during standard laboratory procedures may inhibit microbial growth, with positive benefits in relation to the suppression of contaminant bacteria, or negative implications where fungi are inhibited.
Protein methylation is required to maintain optimal HIV-1 infectivity (2006)

Overall, we have shown for the first time that protein methylation contributes towards maximal virus infectivity. Furthermore, our results also indicate that protein methylation regulates HIV-1 infectivity in a complex manner most likely involving the methylation of multiple viral or cellular proteins and/or multiple steps of replication.
Prevention of Disease Induced by a Partially Heterologous AIDS Virus in Rhesus Monkeys by Using an Adjuvanted Multicomponent Protein Vaccine (2002)

Recombinant protein subunit AIDS vaccines have been based predominantly on the virus envelope protein. Such vaccines elicit neutralizing antibody responses that can provide type-specific sterilizing immunity, but in most cases do not confer protection against divergent viruses. In this report we demonstrate that a multiantigen subunit protein vaccine was able to prevent the development of disease induced in rhesus monkeys by a partially heterologous AIDS virus. The vaccine was composed of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120, NefTat fusion protein, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef formulated in the clinically tested adjuvant AS02A. Upon challenge of genetically unselected rhesus monkeys with the highly pathogenic and partially heterologous SIV/HIV strain SHIV(89.6p) the vaccine was able to reduce virus load and protect the animals from a decline in CD4-positive cells. Furthermore, vaccination prevented the development of AIDS for more than 2.5 years. The combination of the regulatory proteins Nef and Tat together with the structural protein gp120 was required for vaccine efficacy.
A new method to do time-resolved, x-ray diffraction studies: The rotating crystal Laue method (1992)

In order to achieve the ultimate time resolution of a synchrotron source we propose a new experimental technique by which time-dependent structural changes can be monitored on the time scale of synchrotron pulse widths. Samples will be studied by a rotating crystal Laue diffraction technique where we rapidly spin the sample and observe the diffraction pattern from a broadband of incident x rays. A computer simulation is presented of the diffraction pattern time evolution using the parameters for an APS undulator of a phase change in the YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor. We will discuss the application of this and closely related techniques at other synchrotron sources including bending magnets and insertion devices at NSLS and CHESS.
Relationship of subgingival plaque flora to lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid (1989)

Examining the relationships among indicators of the acute inflammatory response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and specific bacterial species in subgingival plaque may provide indications of which bacterial species or groups of species may be associated with potentially destructive host-derived processes. Here we report on the relationship of the subgingival plaque flora to the activity of mammalian forms of the enzymes beta-glucuronidase (beta G), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and arylsulfatase (AS) in GCF from a total of 54 4-6 mm periodontal sites from 13 periodontitis patients. Sites were scored for probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing, and GCF was collected using filter paper strips inserted into the sulcus for 30 s, eluted in buffer and assayed for enzyme activity. 1 week later, the patients were again evaluated for PD and bleeding, and subgingival plaque was removed with a curette oriented toward the pocket epithelium. Plaque samples were examined by darkfield microscopy and cultured anaerobically on selective and non-selective media. Various groups of bacteria, including species of black pigmenting Bacteroides (BPB), Fusobacterium sp., Capnocytophaga sp, Streptococcus sanguis, and total facultative organisms were enumerated. Relationships among the enzymes and bacterial groups expressed as colony-forming unit (CFU) counts or as a % of the total cultivable flora were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. beta G levels were significantly correlated with populations of spirochetes, B. intermedius, B. gingivalis, and total lactose negative BPB's. Correlation between beta G and F. nucleatum sp. or Capnocytophaga sp. approached but did not reach statistically significant levels. In contrast, LDH activity showed a significant positive correlation with levels of B. gingivalis and total lactose negative BPB's. AS levels were significantly correlated only with B. gingivalis. beta G and LDH showed a significant negative correlation with levels of coccoid forms. Thus, beta G, an acid hydrolase which can serve as a marker for primary granule release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was most closely correlated with the micro-organisms found in other studies to be associated with chronic adult periodontitis.
<scp>W</scp>ound <scp>H</scp>ealing <scp>S</scp>ociety (<scp>WHS</scp>) venous ulcer treatment guidelines: What's new in five years? (2012)

Since the establishment of the guidelines for the treatment of venous ulcers by the Wound Healing Society in 2006, there has been an abundance of new literature, both in accord and discord with the guidelines. The goal of this update is to highlight new findings since the publication of these guidelines to assist practitioner and patient in appropriate health care decisions, as well as to drive future research endeavors.
Enhancing array stochastic resonance in ensembles of excitable systems (2009)

A summing network of FitzHugh–Nagumo model neurons, immersed in the background of both external noise and internal noise, is studied in the context of array stochastic resonance. An aperiodic Gaussian stimulus, assisted by collective internal array noise, stimulates the summing network for a more efficient response. This form of array stochastic resonance can be characterized by a correlation coefficient for an aperiodic input signal. Moreover, the correlation gain of the ensembles of neuronal models is investigated for finite and infinite array sizes. The nonmonotonic behavior of the correlation gain and the regions of the correlation gain beyond unity, i.e. the two main features of array SR, are demonstrated numerically and theoretically. These results suggest that certain levels of both external noise and internal noise contribute in a beneficial way to the neuronal coding strategy.
Biped walking robots created at Waseda University: WL and WABIAN family (2006)

This paper proposes the mechanism and control of the biped humanoid robots WABIAN-RIV and WL-16. WABIAN-RIV has 43 mechanical degrees of freedom (d.f.): 6 d.f. in each leg, 7 d.f. in each arm, 3 d.f. in each hand, 2 d.f. in each eye, 4 d.f. in the neck and 3 d.f. in the waist. Its height is about 1.89 m and its total weight is 127 kg. It has a vision system and a voice recognition system to mimic some of the capabilities of the human senses. WL-16 consists of a pelvis and two legs having six 1 d.f. active linear actuators. An aluminium chair is mounted on two sets of its telescopic poles. To reduce the large support forces during the support phase, a support torque reduction mechanism is developed, which is composed of two compression gas springs with different stiffness. For the stability of the robots, a compensatory motion control algorithm is developed. This control compensates for moments generated by the motion of the lower limbs, using the motion of the trunk and the waist that is obtained by the zero moment point concept and fast Fourier transform. WABIAN-RIV is able to walk forwards, backwards and sideways, dance, carry heavy goods and express emotion, etc. WL-16 can move forwards, backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kg.
Emergency Broadcast Protocol for Inter-Vehicle Communications (2006)

The most important goal in transportation systems is to reduce the dramatically high number of accidents and fatal consequences. One of the most important factors that would make it possible to reach this goal is the design of effective broadcast protocols. In this paper we present an emergency broadcast protocol designed for sensor inter-vehicle communications and based in geographical routing. Sensors installed in cars continuously gather important information and in any emergency detection raise the need for immediate broadcast. The highway is divided in virtual cells, which moves as the vehicles moves. The cell members choose a cell reflector that behaves for a certain time interval as a base station that handle the emergency messages coming from members of the same cell, or close members from neighbor cells. Besides that the cell reflector serves as an intermediate node in the routing of emergency messages coming from its neighbor cell reflectors and does a prioritization of all messages in order to decide which is the first to be forwarded. After this the message is forwarded through the other cell reflectors. Finally the destination cell reflector sends the message to the destination node. Our simulation results show that our proposed protocol is more effective compared to existing inter-vehicles protocols
Limitations of temporal resolution in functional MRI (1997)

In fMRI, images can be collected in a very short time; therefore, high temporal resolution is possible in principle. However, the temporal resolution is limited by a blurred intrinsic hemodynamic response and a finite signal-to-noise ratio. To determine the upper limit of temporal resolution in a single area during repeated tasks, motor cortex activity was investigated during visually instructed finger movements. Without averaging, a sequence of four single-finger movements with an execution time of approximately 2 s can be resolved when the delay time between consecutive sequences is at least 3 s. The hemodynamic response time is constant for each subject, but not among different subjects. The temporal resolution can be better when the signal from spatially distinct regions is examined. For a series of experiments involving a visually instructed delayed cued finger movement task with a well-defined, independently determined, variable delay time, time courses in the motor area are distinct from each other in two experiments if the difference in delay time is as little as 2 s. The activation in the visual area due to the presentation of the task serves here as an internal time reference. By comparing a set of fMRI time courses in multiple distinct areas, serial neural processing may be investigated.
Efficient Data-Mining Methods Enabling Genome-Wide Computing (2008)

The volume and diversity of the data acquired in biomedical applications offer unique challenges to data mining researchers. The solutions that effectively turn data into information and knowledge will advance not only the field of data mining but also the understanding of the underlying science. This paper will present new computational challenges faced by designing methods for enabling genome-wide computing and potential approaches to tackles these challenges. A mouse reference population called Collaborative Cross is used as an example to illustrate computational difficulties in population-level genome-wide analysis.
Synthesis of a carboxymethylated guar gum grafted polyethyleneimine copolymer as an efficient gene delivery vehicle (2016)

In the present study, a carboxymethylated guar gum-grafted-polyethyleneimine copolymer (CMGG-<italic>g</italic>-PEI) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, XRD and zeta potential analyses.
The comparative enzymology and cell origin of rat hepatomas. IV. Pyrimidine metabolism in minimal-deviation tumors. (1963)

A series including both “new” and “old” transplantable rat hepatomas were compared with the Morris 5123 Hepatoma with respect to enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism, particularly those that are considered to be “markers” for liver. The latter included carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, uracil reductase, and thymine reductase.

The new hepatomas included the Morris 7316, Morris 7800, and Reuber H-35, all of which were categorized with the Morris 5123 as “minimal-deviation” hepatomas because they all possessed significant though reduced levels of the liver “marker” enzymes, in contrast to the Novikoff hepatoma, which possessed little if any of the “marker” enzymes.

Other pyrimidine enzymes studied included aspartic transcarbamylase, orotic decarboxylase, and enzymes converting orotic acid via orotidylic acid to the uridine nucleotides. These anabolic enzymes are known to be widely distributed and were found in near normal amounts in the hepatomas which were studied.

It was concluded that the Morris 5123 Hepatoma is not the only example of a minimal-deviation hepatoma and that additional examples are available in transplant form and can be obtained as primary tumors if desired.

Assays for ornithine transcarbamylase, uracil reductase, and thymine reductase in minimal-deviation hepatomas showed that deletion or diminution of these catabolic enzymes could not be considered essential to the malignant process in hepatoma cells. Moreover, the absence of these enzymes in the fast-growing Novikoff hepatoma could not be considered as proof that growth rate was stimulated by decreased activity of these catabolic enzymes, although this remains a possibility.
Physically-based reduced order model for unsteady aerodynamic loads of a L-shaped Gurney flap (2014)

A physically-based linear reduced order model is developed for a NACA 0012 section oscillating in pitch and plunge, equipped with a L-tab Gurney flap in unsteady motion. The model allows for a quick and accurate computation of the first harmonic component of unsteady loads on a three degrees of freedom helicopter blade section model. Moreover, a physically-based identification procedure is carried out for fixed configurations of the airfoil and the L-tab, to complete the reduced order model with the mean steady contribution to aerodynamic loads. Numerical computations carried out with a finite volumes solver for compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, are performed and used as reference for the derivation of the reduced order model. Structured multi-block overlapped grids in relative motion are used as computational domain. The reliability of numerical simulations is verified by means of convergence analysis and comparisons with empirical and experimental data. The achieved reduced order model is an equivalent three segments piecewise mean line geometry, which correctly reproduces the effects of the airfoil mean line, including the L-tab, as well as contributions to loads of vortical structures behind the movable device. All these effects are well captured both on the mean value and the first harmonic of aerodynamic loads over the blade section. The strong connection of the parameters of the reduced order model with physical quantities is highlighted, as well as its predictive capability for arbitrary parameters of the imposed motion laws.
Degradation of composite insulating materials due to partial discharge (1978)

Experimental researches have been proceeded from the viewpoint of diagonostics on insulation systems to determine the relationship between the voltage endurance life and internal partial discharge. The test-pieces were epoxy resin impregnated mica composites to be used for insulation of electric rotating machine and epoxy resin/filler composite to be used for insulation of casting equipments. Investigation was made for measuring the discharge quantities in the course of time and for residual breakdown voltage. The results of the tests revealed that the discharge quantity is an index that indicates how much and how seriously the insulation are damaged at given point of time, but it can hardly show how fast the damage would develop thereafter. The endurance life of insulation varies in accodance with the discharge quantities which depends on development of breakdown path, thickness of insulation and the applied voltage.
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy of thin-film magnetic media of magnetic recording disk (1992)

Structural appraisal of thin film magnetic media is very important because their magnetic characters such as magnetic hysteresis and recording behaviors are drastically altered by the grain structure of the film. However, in general, the surface of thin film magnetic media of magnetic recording disk which is process completed is protected by several-nm thick sputtered carbon. Therefore, high-resolution observation of a cross-sectional plane of a disk is strongly required to see the fine structure of the thin film magnetic media. Additionally, observation of the top protection film is also very important in this field. Recently, several different process-completed magnetic disks were examined with a UHR-SEM, the JEOL JSM 890, which consisted of a field emission gun and a high-performance immerse lens. The disks were cut into approximately 10-mm squares, the bottom of these pieces were carved into more than half of the total thickness of the disks, and they were bent. There were many cracks on the bent disks. When these disks were observed with the UHR-SEM, it was very difficult to observe the fine structure of thin film magnetic media which appeared on the cracks, because of a very heavy contamination on the observing area.
Developmental regulation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid receptor subunit expression in forebrain and relationship to regional susceptibility to hypoxic/ischemic injury. I. Rodent cerebral white matter and cortex (2006)

Abstract This is the first part of a two‐part study to investigate the cellular distribution and temporal regulation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunits in the developing white matter and cortex in rat (part I) and human (part II). Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate the differential expression of AMPAR subunits on glial and neuronal subtypes during the first 3 postnatal weeks in the Long Evans and Sprague Dawley rat strains. In Long Evans rats during the first postnatal week, GluR2‐lacking AMPARs were expressed predominantly on white matter cells, including radial glia, premyelinating oligodendrocytes, and subplate neurons, whereas, during the second postnatal week, these AMPARs were highly expressed on cortical neurons, coincident with decreased expression on white matter cells. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that cell‐specific developmental changes in AMPAR expression occurred 2–3 days earlier by chronological age in Sprague Dawley rats compared with Long Evans rats, despite overall similar temporal sequencing. In both white and gray matter, the periods of high GluR2 deficiency correspond to those of regional susceptibility to hypoxic/ischemic injury in each of the two rat strains, supporting prior studies suggesting a critical role for Ca 2+ ‐permeable AMPARs in excitotoxic cellular injury and epileptogenesis. The developmental regulation of these receptor subunits strongly suggests that Ca 2+ influx through GluR2‐lacking AMPARs may play an important role in neuronal and glial development and injury in the immature brain. Moreover, as demonstrated in part II, there are striking similarities between rat and human in the regional and temporal maturational regulation of neuronal and glial AMPAR expression. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:42–60, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Avian H5N1 Influenza in Cats (2004)

During the 2003 to 2004 outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Asia, there were anecdotal reports of fatal infection in domestic cats, although this species is considered resistant to influenza. We experimentally inoculated cats with H5N1 virus intratracheally and by feeding them virus-infected chickens. The cats excreted virus, developed severe diffuse alveolar damage, and transmitted virus to sentinel cats. These results show that domestic cats are at risk of disease or death from H5N1 virus, can be infected by horizontal transmission, and may play a role in the epidemiology of this virus.