gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
50 years of TMF contacts design considerations (2008)

The historical evolution of TMF or RMF contacts is discussed. Today the very basic guideline as prescribed by Harold. N. Schneider, 50 years ago, still prevails. This allows for simple, compact and robust contact designs. Better understanding of the thermodynamics of the arc has helped to design contacts coping with short circuit currents of up to 100 kA. Contact material improvement has helped to boost up the short circuit interruption performance, which today is equivalent to the AMF contact structures. Progress in the theoretical understanding of the arcing process, and the increasing base of experimental data permit to give guidelines to design a correct functioning TMF contact.
Effect of screening tests on the lifetime statistics of injection lasers (1980)

Injection laser lifetime data are subjected to a simple screening test to identify the longer lived units. The effect this has on the lifetime distribution, and in particular, on the reliability of a system composed of a set of these lasers is considered.
A test chip design for detecting thin-film cracking in integrated circuits (1995)

A reliability problem associated with integrated circuit assembly in molded plastic packages involves cracking in the deposited thin film layers on the top silicon surface. During thermal cycle testing, thermomechanical stresses resulting from differences in expansion coefficient can cause large relative displacements at the silicon/mold compound interface. The resulting die surface shear stresses are heavily concentrated at the corners and edges of the silicon die. These shear stresses can result in critical stress concentrations in the brittle passivation and interlayer dielectric films. This paper will report on a test chip design involving a matrix of crossing metal traces. This test chip has been designed to be sensitive to electrical leakage problems associated with thin film cracking. Two important quantities are measured. The first is electrical failure rate, which is determined as a function of metal width and proximity to the corners and edges of the die. The second is the extent over which cracking in the thin film layers progresses into the interior of the die. When overlaid on simple linear elastic finite elements models of stress, this locus of failure tends to follow lines of constant shear stress. This allows the assignment of a nominal stress value, critical in the collapse of microscopic thin film structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On a Geometric Extremum Problem (1965)

The following problem was brought to our attention by L. Moser: Locate eight points in the closed unit square so that the minimum of the distances between any two of the points should be as large as possible.
Buyer Behavior in the Japanese Travel Trade: Advancements in Theoretical Frameworks (2020)

SUMMARY. This paper offers insights on how social network activity operates in Japanese culture-as compared to the West-and why these differences must be appreciated for a Western tourism supplier to have any opportunity of achieving success in the Japanese market. More specifically, the influence of Japanese culture and location on social network activity and ultimately buyer behavior of both Japanese consumers and corporations is the focus of this paper. In addition, this paper puts forth a theoretical model that contends that social networks or 'ties' between individuals or between companies represent a basic unit of analysis in examining buyer-seller relationships in the international travel trade, particularly in vastly different national cultures such as Japan. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: <getinfo@haworthpressinc.com> Website: < http://www.haworthpressinc.com >]
PRISMA: A 'Timbre Tuning Device' for Musicians and Instrument Makers (2007)

PRISMA is a measuring system for the analysis of musical instrument sounds. It works either in real-time or with given wav-files. It computes selected features of a sound and displays them numerically or graphically. The user can choose the features and adjust content and scaling of the diagrams as well. Finally, the results can be printed and stored. The hardware is designed portable and consists of a microphone, a sound card and a laptop computer. Thus it can easily be taken to the workshop of an instrument maker, a school or a concert hall. The sound analysis is based on a short time Fourier transform and a high precision fundamental frequency estimator. The latter is a novel combination of frequency and time domain methods. Instead of applying an explicit partial tracking process we use an intuitive classification of peaks in the local spectra. The PRISMA software was written in C++ and runs unter Windows XP. Newer versions of Windows are not tested but work at least on some computers. The practical use of the system is multi-functional. It may serve as a high resolution measurement tool for instrument makers a visual aid for instrument players and teachers a way to find better expressions for the description of timbre - a measurement device for musical acoustics research
Phosphonic and phosphinic acid analogues of tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) as potential antimelanotic agents. (1990)

Phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid analogues of tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) were found to influence tyrosinase activity, thus being potential regulators of melanization in mammalian cells. The analogues were tested for their cytostatic activity in vitro, by means of total cell protein determination, on mouse B16 melanoma and, for comparison, on human KB carcinoma cell lines. Four compounds out of 22 revealed promising cytostatic activity for both cell lines, being nearly equipotent with dopa. Those compounds which most effectively suppressed the growth of both tumour cell lines were the same as those which had a significant influence on tyrosinase activity regardless of whether they acted as inhibitors or substrates.
Mesoporous carbon from biomass: one-pot synthesis and application for Li–S batteries (2014)

A new one-pot and activation-free method was developed to synthesize high porosity biomass-derived carbon (HPBC) with uniform mesopores through sol–gel route. The as-prepared HPBC material possesses high surface area up to 949.85 m2 g−1 and high pore volume of 3.14 cm3 g−1. Cathodes with sulfur content of 81.29 wt% for Li–S batteries were prepared using the HPBC as a conductive matrix and a certain amount of space was preserved to accommodate the volume change during lithiation. When evaluated for electrochemical properties, the uniform pore structure of the HPBC afforded superior cyclability and rate performance for the Li–S batteries. An initial capacity of 922 mA h g−1 and a reversible capacity of 683 mA h g−1 were delivered after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 C. Specifically, a reversible capacity of 483 mA h g−1 was retained over 300 cycles at a current density of 1 C.
STM Investigation of the Photoisomerization and Photodimerization of Stilbene Derivatives on HOPG Surface (2014)

The photochemical reactions of stilbene and its derivatives have been extensively investigated in the gas and liquid phases but less on surfaces. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been employed to investigate the photoisomerization and photodimerization of two stilbene derivatives on HOPG surface. After UV-light irradiation, one stilbene derivative performs photoinduced trans to cis isomerization and a well-ordered Kagomé network with two types of cavities forms at the 1-phenyloctane/HOPG interface, which is totally different from the lamella structures (before irradiation). Another stilbene derivative can also perform trans to cis photoreaction and the assembly structures have two conformations. With the increase of the irradiation time, one of the two conformations according to the topochemical postulates can further perform [2 + 2] photodimerization reaction. The difference in alkoxy substitution is reflected in the self-assembled monolayer and consequently also in the photoreactivity.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Yellow River-Dominated Margin (2014)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for surface sediments and a sediment core from the Yellow River-dominated margin. The concentration of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 5.6 to 175.4 ng g(-1) dry weight sediment (dws) with a mean of 49.1 ng g(-1) dws. From 1930 to 2011, the distribution of PAHs (37.2 to 210.6 ng g(-1) dws) was consistent with the socioeconomic development of China. The PAHs' concentration peaked in 1964 and 1986, corresponding to the rapid economic growth in China (1958-1965) and the initiation of the "Reform and Open" policy in 1978, respectively. The applications of molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest that PAHs are predominantly produced by the coal and biomass combustion, whereas the contribution of petroleum combustions slightly increased after the 1970s, synchronous with an increasing usage of oil and gas in China.
Two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy for quantitative measurements of gaseous species: theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation of line shapes (1996)

The capability of retrieving spectral information from line shapes recorded by two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy (TTFMS) is investigated. A TTFMS theory accounting for dispersion and nonlinear distortion of diode laser frequency modulation response is presented. The adequacy of the theory for a detailed modeling of line shapes recorded with high resolution is examined. An extensive error analysis of line parameters (i.e., width, intensity, and line center) retrieved by a nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure is made. Plots of residual errors with characteristic signatures that are due to incorrectly assigned modulation parameters and choice of line profile are presented. In least-squares fits to experimental oxygen data with a Voigt profile influence from collisional(Dicke) narrowing is clearly exhibited, and when we used a collisionally narrowed line profile deviations of the model were reduced to less than 0.2%. We demonstrate that accurate quantitative measurements by TTFMS over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures, and pressures are possible.
CAMAR: Context-aware Mobile Augmented Reality in Smart Space (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel approach of Context-aware Mobile Augmented Reality (CAMAR) combining context awareness and mobile augmented reality. CAMAR is aware of a user’s context through the user-centric integration of contextual information in smart space. Based on the user’s context, it enables a user to experience augmented entities and to share them with other mobile users selectively in a customized way. We review technical challenges for realizing the proposed CAMAR and describe our approaches to meet these challenges. To show the effectiveness of our work, we have developed CAMAR-enabled applications for smart home environments. Ultimately, we have confirmed possibilities for CAMAR as a personalized AR interface in smart space. *
Evolution of Durable High-Strength Flowable Mortar Reinforced with Hybrid Fibers (2012)

The production and use of durable materials in construction are considered as one of the most challenging things for the professional engineers. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties and the durability by using of different percentages of steel fiber with high-strength flowable mortar (HSFM) and also the use of the hybridization of steel fibers, palm fibers, and synthetic fiber (Barchip). Different experimental tests (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and static modulus of elasticity among others) were determined after 90 days of normal water curing and 180 days of seawater exposure. The results indicate that hybrid fibers of 1.5% steel fibers + 0.25% palm fibers + 0.25% Barchip fibers provide significant improvement in the different mechanical properties of HSFM. Besides, the hybridization of fibers was found to be effective in the terms of durability (exposure to seawater). Therefore, the minimum reduction in static modulus of elasticity, compressive, splitting and flexural strength was obtained for the HSFM mixes of hybrid fibers using steel fibers with palm fibers and also for the use of steel, palm, and Barchip fibers.
Modelltheoretische Grundlagen (1992)

Um den Einstieg in die Analyse zu erleichtern, empfiehlt es sich, zunächst einige grundlegende Sachverhalte zu klären. Dabei soll in einem ersten Schritt die den Modellen zugrundeliegende Zentralbankbilanz vorgestellt werden, um daraus die relevanten Geld- bzw. Reserveaggregate ableiten zu können.
Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Internal Anal Sphincter for the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure (1998)

Botulinum toxin is safe and effective in the treatment of anal fissure. It is less expensive and easier to perform than surgical treatment. No adverse effects resulted from injections of the toxin. The higher dosage is effective in producing long-term healing without complications.
Relation of exposure to amino acids involved in sarcosine metabolic pathway on behavior of non-tumor and malignant prostatic cell lines (2016)

Sarcosine-related amino acids can exceptionally affect the behavior of benign and malignant prostate cells.
Fast microscopical dissection of action scenes played by <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNA polymerase (2012)

Using fast-scanning atomic force microscopy, we directly visualized the interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) with DNA at the scan rate of 1-2 frames per second. The analyses showed that the RNAP can locate the promoter region not only by sliding but also by hopping and/or segmental transfer. Upon the addition of 0.05 mM NTPs to the stalled complex, the RNAP molecule pulled the template DNA uni-directionally at the rates of 15 nucleotides/s on average. The present method is potentially applicable to examine a variety of protein-nucleic acid interactions, especially those involved in the process of gene regulation.
Violence in childhood-onset schizophrenia (2013)

Violence is elevated in older adolescents and adults with schizophrenia; however, little is known about younger children. This report focuses on rates of violence in younger children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. A retrospective review of structured diagnostic interviews from a case series of 81 children, ages 4-15 years of age, with childhood onset of schizophrenic-spectrum illness is reported. Seventy-two percent of children had a history of violent behavior, including 25 children (31%) with a history of severe violence. Of those with a history of violence, 60% had a least one episode of violence that did not appear to be in response to an external stimulus (internally driven violence). There was no significant impact of age or gender. For many children, these internally driven violent episodes were rare and unpredictable, but severe. Similar to what is found in adolescents and adults, violence is common in children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. General violence prevention strategies combined with early identification and treatment of childhood psychotic illnesses may decrease the morbidity associated with childhood psychotic violence.
Effect of vitamin D3 on duodenal calcium absorption in vivo during early development (1984)

The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and vitamin D deficiency on duodenal calcium absorption in suckling and weaned rats was determined by an in situ loop technique. In vitamin D-replete (+D) rats, the linear, or nonsaturable, component of calcium absorption was very efficient in 14-day-old pups and decreased with age until 35 days. The saturable component, which was undetectable in 14-day-old pups, became detectable by 18 days of age and increased until 26 days of age. Calcium absorption was not reduced in vitamin D-deficient (-D) 14-day-old pups as compared with +D pups. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the plasma calcium level of +D suckling rats but had no effect on calcium absorption even with milk present in the loop. Weaned -D rats had a reduced saturable component of absorption (P less than 0.01) compared with +D rats. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased calcium absorption and plasma calcium levels of -D rats. Our results indicate that during suckling calcium absorption occurs by a process that is insensitive to vitamin D. After weaning both saturable and nonsaturable processes appear to contribute to calcium absorption, and the saturable component can be influenced by vitamin D status or a high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3.
The enantiomer debate: current status and future directions (2001)

Psychopharmacology, and the treatment of depression in particular, is one area where there is currently an increasing awareness of chiral drug phenomena. It is now generally agreed that the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of chiral drugs and their enantiomers should be assessed early on in the drug development process. However, issues surrounding the potential advantages and disadvantages of enantiomeric drugs, compared with racemates, continue to be debated. This article highlights some of the key issues raised during one such debate, the aim of which was to address the hypothesis that each enantiomeric drug should be considered on its own merit. The idea is considered both in general terms and specifically in the context of clinical psychiatry, with an emphasis on the treatment of depression. An update on recent developments in enantiomeric antidepressant therapy is also provided. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blockchain Technology the Identity Management and Authentication Service Disruptor: A Survey (2018)

The Internet today lacks an identity protocol for identifying people and organizations. As a result, service providers needed to build and maintain their own databases of user information. This solution is costly to the service providers, inefficient as much of the information is duplicated across different providers, difficult to secure as evidenced by recent large-scale personal data breaches around the world, and cumbersome to the users who need to remember different sets of credentials for different services. Furthermore, personal information could be collected for data mining, profiling and exploitation without users' knowledge or consent. The ideal solution would be self-sovereign identity, a new form of identity management that is owned and controlled entirely by each individual user. This solution would include the individual's consolidated digital identity as well as their set of verified attributes that have been cryptographically signed by various trusted issuers. The individual provides proof of identity and membership by sharing relevant parts of their identity with the service providers. Consent for access may also be revoked hence giving the individual full control over its own data. This survey critically investigates different blockchain based identity management and authentication frameworks. A summary of the state-of-the-art blockchain based identity management and authentication solutions from year 2014 to 2018 is presented. The paper concludes with the open issues, main challenges and directions highlighted for future work in this area. In a nutshell, the discovery of this new mechanism disrupted the existing identity management and authentication solutions and by providing a more promising secure platform.
Serum CD44 in malignant lymphoma: an association with treatment response (1994)

CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, is involved in lymphocyte trafficking from the blood to lymphatic tissues, and is of importance in dissemination of lymphoma. A variant form of CD44 that has additional amino acids in the common protein backbone (CD44v6) also seems to play a role in the metastatic dissemination of malignancies. We measured serum CD44 and CD44v6 in 34 patients with lymphoma and in healthy controls by dot blot assay. Small amounts of both CD44 (range, 10 to 80 ng/mL) and CD44v6 could be detected in sera of all controls. Serum CD44 was elevated in all patients with lymphoma before treatment (range, 70 to > 2,000 ng/mL, P < .0001), and CD44v6 was also slightly elevated. Serum CD44 levels correlated with response to treatment. Patients with complete response achieved similar CD44 levels as the controls, whereas those with progressive disease had increased serum CD44 levels. We conclude that both the standard and the variant form of CD44 are detectable in sera of healthy individuals, and that serum CD44 may be useful in monitoring treatment response in patients with lymphoma.
From the field: Mexican crows (1987)

According to Edwards' Guide to Finding Birds in Mexico'' all one must do to observe nesting Mexican crows, Corvus imparatus, is to drive 290 miles south of Brownsville, Texas to the city of Mante. At the southern edge of Mante, turn east on highway 80 towards Tampico and proceed until you reach a big steel-framed bridge, over the Rio Guayalejo, about 17 miles from the road junction:' During the latter part of summer Mexican crows nest in the bridge framework. Having made numerous trips into northeastern Mexico 1 was very much familiar with their resident crow. Inhabiting dis- ~ turbed areas from northern Tamaulipas $ (once in a while it is observed in the c Brownsville, Texas dump) and west into 0-~ Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi, the -g crow's range extends south only par- ~ tially into the state of Veracruz. o 0 Although it has a rather restricted range, 5: the species is frequently observed along highways and in villages. For a number of years, during the crow 's breeding season, I have attempted to locate a nest. Lone birds carrying sticks and affectionate pairs vocalizing and allopreening from scrubs have always seemed to be able to keep the location of their nests a secret . Finally, during July of 1984, I decided to give Edwards' advice a chance.
Electrophilic Properties of Ethyl 3-Phenylindone-2-carboxylate (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic Properties of Ethyl 3-Phenylindone-2-carboxylateC. F. KOELSCHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 12, 2088–2091Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01082a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01082a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts