gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JPaxos: State machine replication based on the Paxos protocol (2011)

State machine replication is a technique for making services fault-tolerant by replicating them over a group of machines. Although the theory of state machine replication has been studied extensively, the engineering challenges of converting a theoretical description into a fully functional system is less understood. This creates difficulties to implementors, because in designing such a system they face many engineering challenges which are crucial to ensure good performance and stability of a replicated system. In this report, we address this problem by describing the design and implementation of JPaxos, a fully-functional implementation of state machine replication based on the MultiPaxos protocol. Our description includes the basic modules of a state machine replication implementation, like snapshotting of service state, state-transfer and keeping up-to-date all replicas, but focus mainly on three aspects: recovery mechanisms, batching and pipelining optimizations, and a scalable threading architecture. We present several recovery algorithms that vary in the usage of stable storage and on the system assumptions, including some that use stable storage only once per recovery. Batching and pipelining are well-known optimizations commonly used in state machine replication. With JPaxos we have studied their interaction in detail, and provide guidelines to tune these mechanisms for a variety of systems. Finally, the threading architecture of JPaxos was designed to scale with the number of cores, while at the same time minimizing complexity to reduce the risk of concurrency bugs. 1
Ansätze für eine verteilte Komponenten- und Variantenabsicherung in der Gesamtfahrzeugerprobung (2011)

Kurzfassung Die zentrale Herausforderung der Erprobungsplanung besteht darin, unterschiedlich ausgestattete Fahrzeuge in verschiedenen Erprobungsarten derart einzusetzen, dass über die systematische Abprüfung von Wechselwirkungen ein Beitrag zur Zuverlässigkeitssteigerung geleistet werden kann. Die Autoren dieses Artikels zeigen auf, wie Methoden der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und statistischen Versuchsplanung dazu genutzt werden können, eine beschränkte Anzahl an Fahrzeugen möglichst zielgerichtet zu erproben.
Note on the transform property of band-limited functions (1982)

Some comments and elaborations are made with reference to a recent contribution by Erteza and Lin [1] on sampling low-pass deterministic signals. It is shown that the expansion theorem of the Erteza-Lin paper involves an incomplete set of orthogonal functions and consequently lacks the generality claimed for it.
Adiabatic excitation of longitudinal bunch shape oscillations (1999)

By modulating the RF voltage at near twice the synchrotron frequency we are able to modulate the longitudinal bunch shape. We show experimentally that this can be done while preserving the longitudinal emittance when the RF voltage modulation is turned on adiabatically. Experimental measurements are presented along with theoretical predictions.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of oriented (cyclobutadiene)iron tricarbonyl (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of oriented (cyclobutadiene)iron tricarbonylCostantino S. Yannoni, Gerald P. Ceasar, and Benjamin P. DaileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 12, 2833–2836Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00988a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00988a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proteins, Protein Hydrolysates, and Bioactive Peptides in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Introduction Protein, Protein Hydrolysates or Bioactive Peptides, and Amino Acids: Their Impact on Insulin Secretion and Blood Glucose Management Protein As an Insulin Secretagogue in Healthy Subjects Insulin Secretion and Glycemic Effects of Protein in Diabetes Patients Insulinotropic Potential of Specific Amino Acids The Importance of the Presence of Glucose for Eliciting Amino Acid Induced Insulin Responses Protein Hydrolysates or Bioactive Peptides for Blood Glucose Management Mechanisms of Action Safety Aspects of Protein, Bioactive Peptides, or Protein Hydrolysates Administration Conclusions References
New method for typing Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin based on sulphur-35 methionine labelled proteins: its application in an outbreak. (1986)

Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sulphur-35 methionine labelled cellular proteins of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin was used as a typing method during an outbreak on a cardiothoracic ward. This showed that the outbreak strain was indistinguishable from the epidemic strain of methicillin resistant S aureus prevalent in London. In contrast, 44 epidemiologically separate strains of S aureus gave individually distinct radiolabelled protein profiles. This method permitted rapid confirmation that an epidemic strain was responsible and indicated the need for urgent control measures.
Placental Microparticles and MicroRNAs in Pregnant Women with Plasmodium falciparum or HIV Infection (2016)

In summary, alterations in total and trophoblast microparticles associated with malaria and HIV in pregnant women may have an immunopathogenic role. The potential for placental-derived vesicles and microRNAs as biomarkers of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and malaria infection should be confirmed in future studies.
Reactions of Gramine with Sulfur Compounds (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Gramine with Sulfur CompoundsJ. J. Licari and Gregg DoughertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 15, 4039–4040Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01644a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01644a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generating Fiber Length Distribution from the Fibrogram (1996)

Theoretical fibrograms were generated from fiber length distributions, and new fiber length distributions were then generated from these theoretical fibrograms for two, three, four, five, and six significant digits using differential and algorithm methods. A minimum of four significant digits of fibrogram data appears to be generally required to generate fiber length distributions for short, medium, and long varieties of measured fibers to closely simulate actual fiber length distributions using either the differential or algorithm method. The algorithm method takes fewer steps to generate a fiber length distribution than the differential method.
Portable ultrasound device for battlefield trauma (2002)

A handheld device is developed for imaging soft tissue as well as blood flow with high quality in real time. Four component ASICs for digital beamforming, signal processing and scan conversion are designed and integrated with a convex array scanhead in this device. The device can be either battery driven or AC powered with image storage and cineloop playback capability. It weighs less than five pounds. In addition to diagnosing trauma in the combat battlefield, this device can also be used in a variety of mobile diagnostic applications, bringing quality medical imaging to the bedside, areas of natural disaster, or remote areas that do not have access to medical imaging.
Low temperature (300℃) growth of crystalline/non-crystalline thin Si films by a newly developed single shower dual injection system employing microwave excited high density hydrogen plasma and silicon radicals CVD process. (2006)

2006 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Low temperature (300℃) growth of crystalline/non-crystalline thin Si films by a newly developed single shower dual injection system employing microwave excited high density hydrogen plasma and silicon radicals CVD process.
Effect of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Signs of Clinical Ocular Surface Pathology upon Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function in the Human Ocular Surface (2011)

The goblet cell population does not appear to be affected by isolated tear hyperosmolarity. Hyperosmolarity when combined with other ocular surface pathology or inflammation alters the goblet cell population.
The Specific Binding of Three Fragments of Staphylococcal Nuclease (1971)

Abstract Previous observations on the productive complementation by several sets of two inactive and disordered fragments of Staphylococcal nuclease (149 residues without cysteines and disulfide bonds) indicated that peptide bonds either between residues 48 and 50 or at some point between residues 113 and 124 can be cleaved without causing destruction of the information to determine the functional structure. For example, nuclease-T-(6–48) (residues 6 to 48) binds to nuclease-T-(49–149) and to nuclease-T-(50–149) and forms nuclease-T', the enzymically active and ordered complexes ((6–48) + (49–149)) and ((6–48) + (50–149)), respectively. Nuclease-(1–126) and nuclease-(99–149) yield another functional complex ((1–126) + (99–149)). In the present study, nuclease-(49, 50–126) (the mixture of residues 49 to 126 and 50 to 126) was prepared by limited trypsin digestion of trifluoroacetylated nuclease-T-(49, 50–149) (the mixture of nuclease-T-(49–149) and nuclease-T-(50–149)). It is shown that nuclease-T-(6–48), nuclease-(49, 50–126), and nuclease-(99–149) bind in equimolar ratio below 20° to form a population of three-fragment complexes, presumably the mixture of ((6–48) + (49–126) + (99–149)) and ((6–48) + (50–126) + (99–149)). The three-fragment complex appears to have intrinsic enzymic activity, although at very low level, and affinity for the nuclease ligand, deoxythymidine 3',5'-diphosphate in the presence of Ca2+. The heat stability of the three-fragment complex is less than that of the enzymically active derivatives with only one discontinuity of the polypeptide chain, although the latter themselves show lower heat stability than that of intact nuclease. These observations support the view that specific non-covalent binding of the three fragments to form an enzymically active structure can still take place if the simultaneous cleavages of the peptide bonds are at the two permissible sites.
Facile fabrication of highly ordered poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanodot arrays for organic ferroelectric memory (2016)

Nano-patterned ferroelectric materials have attracted significant attention as the presence of two or more thermodynamically equivalent switchable polarization states can be employed in many applications such as non-volatile memory. In this work, a simple and effective approach for fabrication of highly ordered poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) nanodot arrays is demonstrated. By using a soft polydimethylsiloxane mold, we successfully transferred the 2D array pattern from the initial monolayer of colloidal polystyrene nanospheres to the imprinted P(VDF-TrFE) films via nanoimprinting. The existence of a preferred orientation of the copolymer chain after nanoimprinting was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. Local polarization switching behavior was measured by piezoresponse force microscopy, and each nanodot showed well-formed hysteresis curve and butterfly loop with a coercive field of ∼62.5 MV/m. To illustrate the potential application of these ordered P(VDF-TrFE) nanodot arrays, the writing and reading process as non-volatile memory was demonstrated at a relatively low voltage. As such, our results offer a facile and promising route to produce arrays of ferroelectric polymer nanodots with improved piezoelectric functionality.
An Autosomal Recessive Gene in Pyrrhocoris (1968)

Journal Article An Autosomal Recessive Gene in Pyrrhocoris Get access T. M. RIZKI, T. M. RIZKI The authors are affiliated with the Department of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104, and the Department of Insect Physiology, Entomologlcal Institute, Czechoslovak Academy of SciencesPraha, Czechoslovakia respectively Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAREL SLÁMA KAREL SLÁMA The authors are affiliated with the Department of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104, and the Department of Insect Physiology, Entomologlcal Institute, Czechoslovak Academy of SciencesPraha, Czechoslovakia respectively Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 59, Issue 6, November 1968, Pages 327–328, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107735 Published: 01 November 1968
Impact of Brown Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding on Corn Grain Yield Components and Quality (2010)

Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), damage on developing corn, Zea mays L., ears was examined in 2005 and 2006 by using eight parameters related to its yield and kernel quality. Stink bug infestations were initiated when the corn plants were at tasseling (VT), mid-silking (R1), and blister (R2) stages by using zero, three, and six in 2005 or zero, one, two, and four bugs per ear in 2006, and maintained for 9 d. The percentage of discolored kernels was affected by stink bug number in both years, but not always affected by plant growth stage. The growth stage effect on the percentage of discolored kernels was significant in 2006, but not in 2005. The percentage of aborted kernels was affected by both stink bug number and plant growth stage in 2005 but not in 2006. Kernel weight was significantly reduced when three E. sercus adults were confined on a corn ear at stage VT or R1 for 9 d in 2005, whereas one or two adults per ear resulted in no kernel weight loss, but four E. servus adults did cause significant kernel weight loss at stage VT in 2006. Stink bug feeding injury at stage R2 did not affect kernel damage, ear weight or grain weight in either year. The infestation duration (9 or 18 d) was positively correlated to the percentage of discolored kernels but did not affect kernel or ear weight. Based on the regression equations between the kernel weight and stink bug number, the gain threshold or economic injury level should be 0.5 bugs per ear for 9 d at stage VT and less for stage R1. This information will be useful in developing management guidelines for stink bugs in field corn during ear formation and early grain filling stages.
Effect of long-term treatment with bromocriptine on the growth hormone response to galanin in patients with acromegaly (1993)

Galanin elicits growth hormone (GH) secretion in normal man but may cause a paradoxical fall of GH in acromegaly. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of long-term treatment with bromocriptine on the galanin-induced GH decrease in acromegalic subjects. Six acromegalic patients (5F, 1M) chronically treated with bromocriptine underwent in randomized order: (i) iv infusion of 100 ml saline from 0 to 45 min and (ii) iv infusion of synthetic porcine galanin (0.5 mg in 100 ml saline) from 0 to 45 min. In acromegalic patients, GH values fell from baseline (10.5 +/- 2.7 micrograms/l) to a mean nadir of 6.9 +/- 2.2 micrograms/l after galanin infusion (57.8 +/- 9.4% vs basal levels). Saline infusion did not cause any change in circulating GH levels. The mean change in GH values with respect to baseline after galanin in these subjects significantly differed from that observed after saline from time 15 to 90 min. Serum prolactin levels were not significantly affected by galanin. Our results confirm that the dose of galanin capable of increasing plasma GH levels in normal subjects can decrease GH values in patients with acromegaly. Moreover, our data show that this paradoxical GH decrease induced by galanin can also be observed in patients chronically treated with bromocriptine. Therefore, the paradoxical decreasing effect of galanin on plasma GH levels in acromegaly seems not to be mediated via dopaminergic pathways.
Speckle reduction in THz imaging systems with multiple phase patterns (2006)

THz technology makes possible imaging of phenomena, inaccessible to both visible and infrared radiation, but the imaging is still in its early stages of development. This paper draws attention to the aspects of speckle reduction to improve the image quality. Because all existing THz sources are coherent - speckle is an ultimate limiting factor of the free-space imaging techniques. Speckle arises when coherent light scattered from a rough surface is detected by an intensity detector with a finite aperture, hiding the image information. This problem is of special importance for THz imaging, because surface roughness is closer to the object dimension as in optical imaging. The reduction of speckle is highly desirable and we propose here a Hadamard matrix solution. Hadamard diffuser for mm-wave frequency range have been designed, built and tested. We report 50% speckle reduction measurements using a free-space vector network analyzer over the full W-band (75-110 GHz). The advantage of the mm-wave Hadamard technology over optical: the diffuser doesn't have to be moved (vibrated) any more to accomplish the technology of speckle reduction. Temporal optical effect is substituted here by spatial quasi-optical: Hadamard coding in each scan pixel. Second method delivers realistic system parameters for the speckle reduction with polychromatic light for aviation security.
Onychopharmacokinetics of terbinafine hydrochloride penetration from a novel topical formulation into the human nail in vitro (2012)

This study determined the onychopharmacokinetics, nail absorption, distribution, and penetration of [¹⁴C]-terbinafine HCl in a new topical formulation into/through the human finger nail using the in vitro finite dose model. This study determined the penetration rate of terbinafine HCl from multiple doses of topical formulation applied daily for 14 days. Results showed that the total dose recovery (mass balance) was almost 100%. The concentration of terbinafine HCl in the deeper nail plate (ventral/intermediate layers) and the cotton-pad nail bed samples after the 14-day treatment were 613 ± 145 and (±S.D.) and 27 ± 1.2 µg/cm³ (or 1.9 ± 0.6 µg/cm³ daily) on average, respectively. In comparison with nail concentration data from the literature for other topical terbinatine formulations, our results show that higher amounts of terbinafine HCl reached the deep nail plate and/or the nail bed after a 14-day topical treatment with this topical formulation in vitro.
Heme Oxygenase Expression in Selected Regions of Term Human Placenta (2003)

Carbon monoxide (CO), formed during heme oxygenase (HO)-catalyzed oxidation of heme, has been proposed to play a complementary role with nitric oxide in the regulation of placental hemodynamics. The objective of this study was to elucidate HO enzymatic activity and HO-1 (inducible) and HO-2 (constitutive) protein content in the microsomal subcellular fraction of homogenate of selected regions of placenta from normotensive and mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies. HO enzymatic activity was measured under optimized conditions by gas chromatography using CO formation as an index of activity, and HO-1 and HO-2 protein content were determined by Western immunoblot analysis. Microsomal HO activity in each of the four placental regions was not different between normotensive and mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Microsomal HO-2 protein content was not different between normotensive and mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies, whereas there was increased expression of microsomal HO-1 protein in chorionic villi and fetal membranes from pre-eclamptic pregnancy compared with normotensive pregnancy. Microsomal HO enzymatic activity correlated with HO-2, but not HO-1, protein content.
Techniques A: continuous waves (1993)

In a vast amount of medical diseases the biochemical and physiological changes of soft tissues are hardly detectable by conventional techniques of diagnostic imaging (x- ray, ultrasound, computer tomography, and MRI). The detectivity is low and the technical efforts are tremendous. On the other hand these pathologic variations induce significant changes of the optical tissue parameters which can be detected. The corresponding variations of the scattered light can most easily be detected and evaluated by infrared diaphanoscopy, even on optical thick tissue slices.
DRIVER PERCEPTIONS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTATIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (2000)

The effectiveness of variable message signs (VMS) in improving safety certainly depends on a chain of requirements including the quality of traffic data collection and processing, the performance of automatic incident detection algorithms, correct driver perception of the meaning of the signs, and finally appropriate driver behaviour in response. The present paper focuses on the question of correct driver perception of VMS and the relation to appropriate behaviour. In a controlled perception test performed on a sample of Munich drivers, most drivers correctly interpreted the meaning of typical and proposed combinations of pictograms and messages. Nonetheless, statistical evidence for a direct response in the speed level of a highway to variable speed limits is very weak if confounding factors such as traffic context are properly taken into account. Hence, since the signs are being perceived properly and accidents are in fact decreased, the mechanism for safety improvement does not appear to be speed level decrease itself, but rather more subtle effects of variable messages on traffic flow such as more far-sighted driving due to the perception of increased danger. If this is the mechanism behind improved safety, then more effort should be concentrated on characterizing and enhancing this response mode. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.