gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach toward the holy grail in all-optical circuit switching: the monster all-optical crossconnect (2003)

A new robust approach is presented for achieving very large fiber port count all-optical crossconnect switches. This three dimensional optics-based switch has built-in alignment capabilities with fault-tolerance, allowing graceful port count scaling.
[Changes in myocardial Tc-99m-sestamibi uptake in asynergic territories during low-dose echo-dobutamine test]. (1996)

In asynergic myocardium contractile reserve elicited by low-dose dobutamine is associated in most cases with an improvement in Tc-99m-sestamibi uptake. This suggests a possible link between increased blood flow and functional improvement during dobutamine in viable myocardium.
Scanning Integrator for Producing Sinusoidal Test Objects (1956)

An account is given of a simple system for producing a sinusoidal exposure distribution in time and space. A “scanning integrator” is used to scan square-topped periodic test objects, thereby presenting the desired exposure distribution to the lens system under test. The effects of various geometrical shapes of the entrance aperture of the scanning integrator on the exposure distribution are investigated. By such a direct scan, sine waves of opacity result on the recording film, which may then be employed for producing sinusoidal transmittance waves by a printing method. Direct sine waves of transmittance are also produced using a nonuniform Ronchi ruling. The simple setup used for this investigation is described, and the microdensitometer traces show that high quality sine wave test objects are obtainable.
Thin bones: Vitamin D and calcium handling after bariatric surgery (2018)

Bariatric surgery has proven to be a valuable treatment option for morbid obesity. However, these procedures can lead to impaired intestinal absorption of calcium and vitamin D, thereby challenging calcium homeostasis and possibly contributing to bone loss leading to an increased fracture risk. Besides calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, hormonal changes occurring after surgery can also be the source of observed bone loss. In this review, first, a case report will be discussed, highlighting the relevance of this topic. Afterwards, changes in bone density and fracture risk, after the two most performed types of bariatric surgery, Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) will be discussed. In addition, we discuss the putative underlying mechanisms leading to bone changes based on both preclinical and clinical observations. Nonetheless, it is clear further research is needed to further elucidate the exact mechanisms of bone loss following bariatric surgery and subsequently identify potential treatment options for bone preservation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Ring Opening of Meso Aziridines Catalyzed by Tridentate Schiff Base Chromium(III) Complexes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of fatty acid on the specific drug-binding sites of human serum albumin. (1986)

The effects of various fatty acids on the ligand-binding sites of human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated. The present results provide evidence for the independence of the four classified binding sites and for the existence of distinct high-affinity sites for long-chain (C12-C18) and for medium-chain (C6-C10) fatty acids. The binding of long-chain fatty acids to HSA at low molar ratios (0.5-2.0) of fatty acid to HSA caused marked conformational changes. Site I and the bilirubin-site were sensitive to these conformational changes : Site I became asymmetrical and the bilirubin-site acquired a cooperative nature. On the other hand, the diazepam-site and Site II were little affected. The binding of medium-chain fatty acids to HSA at low molar ratios (vide supra) caused competitive ligand displacement. These acids did not change the comformation of HSA, but they perturbed Site II to a limited extent, making Site II more aymmetric. These effects enhanced the circular dichroism spectrum of flufenamic acid-HSA complex. These results confirmed that the diazepam-site and Site II are distinct sites.At a high molar excess (4.0-8.0) of fatty acid to HSA, the binding of ligands to HSA was inhibited in a complicated manner that appeared to reflect a combination of competitive effects and conformational changes.
Fate of the Adult Revision Spinal Deformity Patient (2013)

The rate of revision after revision SD surgery was 21%, most commonly due to pseudarthrosis, adjacent segment disease, infection, and implant prominence/pain. However, significant improvements in SRS outcome scores were still observed in those patients requiring additional revision procedures.
Osteoactivin attenuates skeletal muscle fibrosis after distraction osteogenesis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation/remodeling (2014)

The aim of this study was to determine whether osteoactivin attenuated skeletal muscle fibrosis caused by distraction osteogenesis. Tibial osteotomies were performed on wild-type and osteoactivin-transgenic (OA-Tg) mice, and tibiae were distracted for 2 weeks. Ankle plantar flexion torque and the gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed. The amount and area of collagenous tissue and the passive torque were reduced in the OA-Tg group at 8 weeks after osteotomy. Transcript levels of matrix metalloprotease (mmp)-3 and MMP-9 were upregulated, and MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins were increased in the OA-Tg group. Osteoactivin-mediated increase in MMPs may attenuate skeletal muscle fibrosis.
On the homology spectral sequence for topological Hochschild homology (1996)

Marcel Bökstedt has computed the homotopy type of the topological Hochschild homology of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper Z slash p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Bbb Z/p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> using his definition of topological Hochschild homology for a functor with smash product. Here we show that easy conceptual proofs of his main technical result of are possible in the context of the homotopy theory of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-algebras as introduced by Elmendorf, Kriz, Mandell and May. We give algebraic arguments based on naturality properties of the topological Hochschild homology spectral sequence. In the process we demonstrate the utility of the unstable “lower” notation for the Dyer-Lashof algebra.
Selective oral ROCK2 inhibitor reduces clinical scores in patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris and normalizes skin pathology via concurrent regulation of IL-17 and IL-10 levels (2017)

Abstract Targeted inhibition of Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) down-regulates pro-inflammatory T-cell response, while increasing the regulatory arm of immune response in animals models of autoimmunity and T helper 17 (Th17)-skewing human cell culture in vitro. We conducted a Phase 2, open-label, dose-finding study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and activity of selective ROCK2 inhibitor, KD025, in subjects with Psoriasis Vulgaris who failed first-line therapy (NCT02317627 at ClinicalTrials.gov). Here, we report that oral administration of KD025 reduces Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores in 85% of patients completing the study, with minimal side effects. In the 400 mg QD and 200 mg BID cohorts 42% and 71% of patients respectively achieved at least a 50% decrease in PASI score (PASI 50) after three month of treatment. KD025 treatment reduced levels of both IL-17 and IL-23, but no IL-6 and TNF-a in the peripheral blood of clinical responders, whereas IL-10 levels were increased at the end of the study. The clinical improvement and changes in cytokine levels were associated with decreased epidermal thickness, T-cell infiltration and down-regulation of key molecules implicated in the regulation of the Th17 pathway, such as ROCK2, pSTAT3, RORgt and IRF4 in the skin. Collectively, these data demonstrate that orally available selective ROCK2 inhibitor down-regulates Th17-driven autoimmune response and improved clinical symptoms in psoriatic patients via defined molecular mechanism that involves concurrent modulation of cytokines without deleterious impact on the rest of the immune system.
Development of an advanced high efficiency coal combustor for boiler retrofit. Task 1, Cold flow burner development: Final report (1989)

The overall objective of this program is to develop a high efficiency advanced coal combustor (HEACC) for coal-based fuels capable of being retrofitted to industrial boilers originally designed for firing natural gas, distillate, and/or residual oil. The HEACC system is to be capable of firing microfine coal water fuel (MCWF), MCWF with alkali sorbent (for SO{sub 2} reduction), and dry microfine coal. Design priorities for the system are that it be simple to operate and will offer significant reductions in NO{sub x}, SO{sub x}, and particulate emissions as compared with current coal fired combustor technology. The specific objective of this report is to document the work carried out under Task 1.0 of this contract, ``Cold Flow Burner Development``. As are detailed in the report, key elements of this work included primary air swirler development, burner register geometry design, cold flow burner model testing, and development of burner scale up criteria.
Impact of isotropic plasma etching on channel Si surface roughness measured by AFM and on NMOS inversion layer mobility (2008)

Si wafers were intentionally roughened by isotropic plasma etching to reach RMS values (from 0.15 to 1.4 nm) comparable to those measured by AFM on multichannel devices. Isotropic plasma selective etching degraded mobility by less than 5% for a RMS les 0.7 nm at high transverse electric field. This mobility decrease is enhanced at low field because of fixed charges at the Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface (-8x10 q.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Charge pumping measurements revealed that roughening with the developed process conditions does not modify the interface state density. An improved extraction method for surface roughness mobility is also proposed.
Reagent- and solvent-dependent stereoselectivity in organocopper addition to a bicyclic alkenone (1991)

The stereoselectivity of the conjugate addition of several types of isobutylcopper reagents to a bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-en-2-one derivative is highly sensitive to the specific reaction conditions that are employed. Isomer ratio is highly dependent upon reaction conditions.
Antiinflammatory and lipoxygenase inhibitory compounds from <i>vitex agnus‐castus</i> (2009)

Several secondary metabolites, artemetin (1), casticin (2), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxy flavon (3), penduletin (4), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (5), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (7), 5-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoic acid (8), vanillic acid (9) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10) were isolated from a folkloric medicinal plant, Vitex agnus-castus. The structures of compounds 1-10 were identified with the help of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 3-10 were isolated for the first time from this plant. These compounds were screened for their antiinflammatory and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. Compounds 6, 7 and 10 were found to have significant antiinflammatory activity in a cell-based contemporary assay, whereas compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a potent lipoxygenase inhibition.
Functional Domains of the Yeast STE12 Protein, a Pheromone-Responsive Transcriptional Activator (1993)

The pheromone response pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is necessary for the basal level of transcription of cell-type-specific genes, as well as the induced level observed after pheromone treatment. The STE12 protein binds to the DNA sequence designated the pheromone response element and is a target of the pheromone-induced signal. We generated 6-nucleotide linker insertion mutants, internal-deletion mutants, and carboxy-terminal truncation mutants of STE12 and assayed them for their ability to restore mating and transcriptional activity to a ste12 delta strain. Two of these mutant proteins retain the capacity to mediate basal transcription but show little or no induced transcription upon pheromone treatment. Cells producing these proteins cannot mate, formally demonstrating that the ability to respond to pheromone by increasing gene expression is essential for the mating process. Since distinct domains of STE12 appear to be required for basal versus induced transcription, we suggest that the pheromone-induced signal is likely to target residues of the protein different from those targeted by the basal signal because of the constitutive activity of the response pathway. Our analysis of mutant STE12 proteins also indicates that only the DNA-binding domain is sensitive to the small changes caused by the linker insertions. In addition, we show that, while the carboxy-terminal sequences necessary for STE12 to form a complex with the transcription factor MCM1 are not essential for mating, these sequences are required for optimal transcriptional activity.
Mice deleted for the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome region show abnormal sensorimotor gating and learning and memory impairments (2001)

Del22q11 syndrome is caused by heterozygous deletion of an approximately 3 Mb segment of chromosome 22q11.2. Children diagnosed with del22q11 syndrome commonly have learning difficulties, deficits of motor development, cognitive defects and attention deficit disorder. They also have a higher than normal risk for developing psychiatric disorders, mainly schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Here, we show that mice that are heterozygously deleted for a subset of the genes that are deleted in patients have deficits in sensorimotor gating and learning and memory. The finding of sensorimotor gating deficits is particularly significant because patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder show similar deficits. Thus, our deletion mouse models at least two major features of the del22q11-associated behavioral phenotype, and as such, represents an animal model of this complex behavioral phenotype. These findings not only open the way to pharmacological analyses that may lead to improved treatments, but also to the identification of gene/s that modulate these specific behaviors in humans.
Oxidation-Resistant Metallocenes. The Synthesis and Properties of Perchloroferrocene and Related Polychlorinated and Fluorinated Ferrocenes (1970)

Abstract : Two complete series of novel polychlorinated derivatives of ferrocene, (C5H(5-n)Cl(n))2Fe and C5H(5-n)Cl(n)FeC5H5, were prepared and fully characterized. In one series, compounds in which both rings of the metallocene contain the same number (from two to five) of chlorine atoms were synthesized. Included in this group is decachloroferrocene, the first metallocene derivative completely substituted with electron-withdrawing atoms. The most highly chlorinated members of this series exhibited both a degree of oxidative stability heretofore unobserved in any metallocene and an unpredictedly high thermal stability. The second series of polychlorinated ferrocenes was composed of compounds in which one ring of the metallocene was substituted with from two to five chlorine atoms while the other ring was unsubstituted. This series of derivatives exhibited a decrease in thermal stability with increased chlorine content, indicating that symmetry effects were probably instrumental in providing thermal stability to the first series. As a first step toward the synthesis of fluorine analogs of the polychlorinated ferrocenes, the preparation of fluoroferrocene was accomplished. This compound represents the first known organometallic derivative in which a fluorine atom is directly bonded to a metallocene ring.
Granular dynamics in vibrated beds (2007)

Granular matter subject to vibration is found to display a wide range of interesting phenomena, and for this reason it has been a popular research topic in academia for decades. Depending on the particle properties and vibration parameters, the flow behavior of the material can be very different, behaving as a solid, liquid or even a gas, leading to a wealth of phenomena such as heaping, convection, pattern formation, etc. The processing of particle mixtures may even lead to segregation, which is often undesirable. To make matters more complex, additional forces such as those from the interstitial gas come into play when the particles are small, leading to new and sometimes very surprising phenomena. In the study of such complex systems, computer simulations can play an important role since they can provide data that is not accessible in experiments, and since interactions can be switched on and off at will it is relatively easy to study the effects of parameters separately. Moreover, preliminary simulations can provide a window of desired operating conditions that can be explored more fully in focused experiments. In this thesis, the flow and segregation behavior of granular matter subject to vertical vibrations is studied by numerical modeling and experimentation. As a second, separate subject, the dynamics of a large intruder particle when forced through a bed of much smaller particles is studied. The topics in order of appearance: (i) wall-induced granular convection, (ii) air-induced segregation of fine bronze and glass particles, (iii) solids circulation in gas-vibro fluidized beds, (iv) dynamics of a large sphere upon impact on a static granular bed, and (v) dynamics of a large sphere in a fluidized granular bed.
Performance of Coding-Spreading Tradeoff in DS-CDMA Systems Using RCPT and RCPC Codes (2004)

The use of rate-compatible punctured turbo and rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPT/RCPC) codes as channel codes in a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access system where the system bandwidth expansion is fixed is investigated. The best RCPC and RCPT code rate in terms of maximizing the system spectral efficiency and minimizing the optimal power allocation where the receiver is either a matched filter (MF) or a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) device is assessed. It is shown that for the MF receiver, the coding-spreading tradeoff favors a code-rate reduction. In the case of the MMSE receiver, when the E/sub b//N/sub 0/ value and the system load are increased, the best code rate also increases. By examining the slope of the performance curves, it is deduced that, under similar operating conditions, the best code rate of the RCPT codes is lower than that of the RCPC codes. Also, the best code rate for a Rayleigh fading channel is lower than that for an additive white Gaussian noise channel.
New Approaches for Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulfoxides (1991)

Abstract Recent progress in asymmetric oxidation of sulfides is passed in review, and the various possibilities of using chiral sulfites for asymmetric synthesis of sulfoxides are discussed
Glutamine as a precursor to <i>N</i>-terminal pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid in mouse immunoglobulin λ-type light chains. Amino acid-sequence variability at the <i>N</i>-terminal extra piece of λ-type light-chain precursors (1977)

The mRNA molecules coding for three mouse immunoglobulin lambda-type light (L) chains (MOPC-104E lambda(1), RPC-20 lambda(1), MOPC-315 lambda(2)) programme the cell-free synthesis of precursors larger than the mature proteins. Radioactive amino acid-sequence analyses of each of the three precursors labelled with [(3)H]alanine, [(3)H]serine, [(3)H]glutamine, [(3)H]glutamic acid and [(3)H]threonine showed that an extra piece, at least 18 residues long, is linked to the N-terminus of the mature L-chains. The N-terminal extra-peptide segment may be 19 residues long, since analyses of precursors labelled with [(35)S]methionine indicated an additional N-terminal methionine residue which was recovered in low yields. Presumably this is the initiator methionine, which is known to be short lived in eukaryotes. The mature forms of MOPC-104E, RPC-20 and MOPC-315 lambda L-chains are blocked at the N-termini by pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid (pyroglutamic acid). Sequence analyses of precursors labelled with [(3)H]glutamine and [(3)H]glutamic acid showed incorporation only of glutamine in a position that matches with the position of pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid in the mature forms of all three precursors, and incorporation of glutamic acid in other positions. The data showed the absence of glutamine-glutamic acid interconversion, since the radioactive peaks obtained from either (3)H-labelled amino acid were discrete, and free from cross-contamination. These results prove that glutamine is the precursor amino acid of pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid at the N-termini of the mature MOPC-104E lambda(1), RPC-20 lambda(1) and MOPC-315 lambda(2) L-chains. Thus the formation of pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid by cyclization of glutamine is a post-translational event which occurs after, or concomitant with, cleavage of the extra piece from the precursor to yield the mature L-chain. The variable (V) regions (110 amino acid residues) of mouse lambda L-chains are quite similar: when compared with that of MOPC-104E lambda(1) chain, the V-region of RPC-20 lambda(1) chain differs in one residue, and the V-region of MOPC-315 lambda(2) chain differs in 11 residues. The partial sequence data show that the N-terminal extra pieces of the two lambda(1) L-chain precursors have, so far, identical partial sequences; the extra piece of the lambda(2) L-chain precursor differs from these in at least three out of 19 positions.
Quantitative analysis of core-shell catalyst nanoparticles for industrial applications (2012)

Pd@Pt core-shell designed nanoparticle catalysts have been shown to dramatically increase the activity and selectivity of the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Aberration corrected electron microscopy offers the spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity to unlock these structures at the atomic scale. Understanding the particle size, shape and the exact nature of the shell coverage (whether it is full, partial or whether the particle is alloyed) is vital to understanding their behaviour. This paves the way for even more effective catalyst designs. We present a semi-statistical investigation into the size, morphology and bimetallic content of various core-shell particle designs, pre- and post- fuel cell cycling, using high resolution HAADF STEM and EDX. In addition, careful quantitative analysis of our datasets will allow us to extract information, not only of the morphology, but also the thickness and coverage of the particle shells. We compare this with chemical findings about activity and selectivity to understand how shell coverage and content affect catalytic activity.
VISUAL OUTCOME CORRELATES WITH INNER MACULAR VOLUME IN EYES WITH SURGICALLY CLOSED MACULAR HOLE (2012)

Because inner macular volume strongly correlated with visual outcome in eyes with surgically closed macular hole, the possible effect of ILM peeling on visual outcome needs to be further investigated.