gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HARD ROCK TUNNEL BORING (2000)

The main purpose of the thesis work has been to improve the existing prediction models and to provide a toolbox for the TBM tunnelling industry (project owners, consultants, contractors, manufacturers, etc.) to be used through all phases of a project:\n\n• Preliminary and feasibility studies\n\n• Project design and optimisation\n\n• Site investigations\n\n• Tendering and contract\n\n• Construction\n\n• Possible disputes or claims.\n\nThe various reports of the thesis treat various subjects of TBM tunnelling. Combined with other estimation models published in the Project Report Series from the Department of Building and Construction Engineering, the reports of the thesis provides a reliable and practical tool to be used for:\n\n• Estimating net penetration rate and cutter life\n\n• Estimating construction time and costs, including risk or uncertainty\n\n• Assessing risk with regard to deviation or variation in estimated rock mass boreability, machine parameters and tunnelling performance\n\n• Designing auxiliary systems such as ventilation, muck transport, etc.\n\n• Establishing and managing price regulation in contracts\n\n• Verifying machine performance\n\n• Back-mapping and verification of the geological conditions\n\n• Collecting, normalising and analysing of rock samples, machine performance data and cutter wear data.\n\nThe thesis work has not been focused on basic principles, theoretical modelling or laboratory experiments of rock cutting with disc cutters, although observations and results from field studies are presented and analysed in [11]. Several other researchers and institutions have covered those topics. To be mentioned here is the prominent and comprehensive research done at Colorado School of Mines in the USA and at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. Both institutions have a series of publications ranging over three decades in this area.
MEASUREMENT OF GROUND SLOPE AND ASPECT USING TWO INCLINOMETERS AND GPS (1997)

Slope and aspect are two important topographic attributes affecting crop production. In order to quantitativelydescribe the influence of slope and aspect, two electronic inclinometers and a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiverwere installed on two combines and a tractor to measure ground slope and aspect under actual field working conditions. Acomputerized data acquisition system was used to sample angle data and position information. The general case of a vehiclemoving on ground having both direct and cross slopes was examined and algorithms were developed to calculate groundslope and aspect based on the angles measured by the inclinometers and the position data from GPS. Field tests showed thesystem performed well under severe conditions. A comparison between the calculated slope and aspect values and thosederived from a contour map showed that the procedures and algorithms presented in this article were correct and accurate.
Synthèses d'époxydes hydroaromatiques IX. Action du gaz chlorhydrique sur le (tétraméthyl‐1,1,6,10‐hydroxy‐6‐décalyl‐5)‐éthanol (1951)

Abstract On a montré que le gaz chlorhydrique transformait le (tétraméthyl‐1,1,6,10‐hydroxy‐6‐décalyl‐5)‐éthanol en un alcool chloré, un hydrocarbure chloré et deux époxydes stéréoisomères, dont l'un est nouveau.
Antihypertensive Effects of Clonidine in Tetraplegic Subjects Devoid of Central Sympathetic Control (1979)

1. The effects of 300 microgram of oral clonidine on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were studied in seven tetraplegic subjects with physiologically complete cervical spinal cord transections. 2. Clonidine did not significantly change resting blood pressure during the 8 h of the study. Resting heart rate fell. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations, when measured 2 h after clonidine, were not significantly lower. 3. Urinary bladder stimulation resulted in a marked rise in blood pressure accompanied by an elevation in plasma noradrenaline but not adrenaline. The hypertensive response to bladder stimulation was substantially reduced by clonidine, the maximum suppression occurring 2-4 h after administration of the drug. The plasma noradrenaline response to bladder stimulation, when measured 2 h after clonidine, was significantly lower than the response before clonidine. In two tetraplegic subjects with indwelling catheters the rise in intravesical pressure caused by bladder stimulation was unchanged by clonidine. 4. The pressor response to intravenous noradrenaline in two tetraplegic subjects and to intravenous phenylephrine in a further two tetraplegic subjects was unchanged by clonidine. 5. Clonidine may have additional antihypertensive effects which occur independently of actions in the brain. These effects may be exerted by an action either on sympathetic neurones in the spinal cord or on presynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors in the periphery.
Packaging Essentials: 100 Design Principles for Creating Packages (2010)

New in paperback, this essential book outlines and demonstrates basic package design guidelines through 100 principles in the areas of research, planning, and execution. It's a quick reference and primer on package design and the principles that make design projects successful. This highly visual resource is beneficial to beginning designers, students, and working designers, and the content helps to establish the rules and guides designers in knowing when and where to bend them. Illustrated examples demonstrate each principle so readers can see the principle at work in applied design.
Robust Model Predictive Control for a Class of Nonlinear Systems with Uncertainty (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to design a robust nonlinear model predictive controller for a class of single input single output nonlinear systems with uncertainty. The controller structure is designed by using backstepping technique, and the controller parameters are tuned online by using model predictive control. The overall model predictive control scheme is proved to guarantee stability by using Lyapunov function. The simulation of a continuous fermenter process also shows that the controller is valid and can be applied to practical system
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL HALFTONING FOR LAYERED MANUFACTURING BASED ON DROPLETS (2009)

Layered manufacturing based on droplets, such as multi-jet modeling and polyjet processes, shows great promises in fabricating accurate, smooth and highly detailed 3dimensional models. It has been widely used in fabricating prototypes and investment casting patterns. In this paper, we present a 3dimensional digital halftoning method which can significantly reduce the building time of these layered manufacturing processes. The key idea of the halftoning method is to intelligently control the printed droplet layout to form a slanted layer, which can closely match the surface of an input geometry. We present a mathematical model for finding the optimized droplet layout, and discuss various solution strategies. The experimental results showed that a revised DBS method can solve the formulated problem effectively and efficiently.
Air-Cooled Electrodes for the Spectrochemical Analysis of Powders*†‡ (1954)

A controlled source of excitation has been developed to eliminate selective volatilization and element interference effects encountered in the spectrochemical analysis of powders with the dc arc. A circular air jet, concentric with the sample electrode, was used to cool the unburned portion of the sample throughout the exposure and to stabilize the arc by surrounding it with a directed current of air. The effectiveness of the air jet was increased by placing the samples in deep narrow craters drilled in high-purity graphite electrodes. Uniform volatilization of even the volatile constituents was achieved and the spectral sensitivity of the elements was made relatively independent of the sample matrix. A maximum deviation from the mean of less than a factor of two was obtained for the sensitivity of any element when determined in a number of matrix materials including graphite, SiO2, NaCl, Al, and Zn. A significant improvement was made in the linearity of the intensity-concentration curves.
Diabetes e Cirurgia: Recomendações de boas práticas clínicas no controlo peri-operatório do doente diabético (2009)

Perioperative management of the diabetic patient can be a difficult challenge to operating theatre staff, and diabetic patients have greater probability of being submitted to surgery than non-diabetic patients. The Portuguese Society of Anesthesiology promoted a review on this important subject according to recent advances in this field, relating to the type of surgery, diabetic patient and quality improvement inPortuguese hospitals. Guidelines are proposed to improve perioperative management of diabetic patients. Keywords: Guidelines, diabetes, perioperative procedures
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate-dependent rearrangement of TRPV4 cytosolic tails enables channel activation by physiological stimuli (2013)

Most transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2), although the structural rearrangements occurring on PIP2 binding are currently far from clear. Here we report that activation of the TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel by hypotonic and heat stimuli requires PIP2 binding to and rearrangement of the cytosolic tails. Neutralization of the positive charges within the sequence (121)KRWRK(125), which resembles a phosphoinositide-binding site, rendered the channel unresponsive to hypotonicity and heat but responsive to 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, an agonist that binds directly to transmembrane domains. Similar channel response was obtained by depletion of PIP2 from the plasma membrane with translocatable phosphatases in heterologous expression systems or by activation of phospholipase C in native ciliated epithelial cells. PIP2 facilitated TRPV4 activation by the osmotransducing cytosolic messenger 5'-6'-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and allowed channel activation by heat in inside-out patches. Protease protection assays demonstrated a PIP2-binding site within the N-tail. The proximity of TRPV4 tails, analyzed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, increased by depleting PIP2 mutations in the phosphoinositide site or by coexpression with protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3 (PACSIN3), a regulatory molecule that binds TRPV4 N-tails and abrogates activation by cell swelling and heat. PACSIN3 lacking the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (F-BAR) domain interacted with TRPV4 without affecting channel activation or tail rearrangement. Thus, mutations weakening the TRPV4-PIP2 interacting site and conditions that deplete PIP2 or restrict access of TRPV4 to PIP2--in the case of PACSIN3--change tail conformation and negatively affect channel activation by hypotonicity and heat.
A METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECRET SHARING SCHEME (2011)

Naor and Shamir (1994) and Blakely (1995) independently introduced a Visual Cryptography Scheme. Ateniese, Blundo, Santis and Stinson (1996, 1999) developed Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) for general access structure for black and white images and subsequently different schemes have been developed. Adhikari A, Bose M and Bimal Roy (2004, 2005) also made an attempt on the construction of visual cryptographic schemes.In this paper, we made an attempt to propose a new method for the construction of (k, n) visual cryptographic threshold secret sharing scheme using combinatorial methods.
Benefit segmentation of TV home shoppers (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify shopper segments based on benefits sought from TV home shopping and profiled the identified segments in consumer characteristics and market behaviors. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 887 consumers who had watched a TV home shopping channel was used. The analyses involved running a factor analysis based on benefits sought, a cluster analysis based on the identified factors, and χ 2 test and ANOVA for profiling the segments. Findings Four benefit segments of TV home shoppers were identified: convenience seekers, product‐oriented shoppers, uniqueness seekers, and apathetic shoppers. Each consumer segment exhibited significant differences in demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, age, education level), consumer characteristics (i.e. time‐consciousness, price‐consciousness), and behavioral outcomes (i.e. satisfaction with TV shopping, repurchase intention). Research limitations/implications This study confirms that benefit segmentation can be a useful tool for targeting TV home shoppers. However, the findings of the current study should be interpreted with caution due to non‐random sampling method and limited number of scale items for benefits sought and variables used in describing segments. Practical implications The results provide marketing suggestions for each of the benefit segments of TV shoppers. Originality/value Considering that virtually no benefit segmentation research has been conducted on TV shoppers, this study provides a new perspective to the segmentation of TV home shoppers.
A comparative simulation study of annunciator systems (1984)

Abstract An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of information-presentation on task performance and operator ratings of associated difficulty. Twenty-four trainee-operators from a chemical industry had to work with three different types of annunciator systems, based either on conventional or on modern instrumentation principles. Sequential information-presentation proved to be inferior to a system based on simultaneous information-presentation both in performance and ratings. It can be concluded that task and process state determine the way in which process information should be presented to the human operator. One single type of ‘alarm” information on VDU should be avoided. A plea is made to consider both simultaneous and sequential presentation in the development of new systems. It is recommended that manufacturers, users (process industry) and researchers should co-operate more closely.
Citrus Mealybug Control, 1978 (1979)

Abstract Experimental insecticides were compared to Supracide for citrus mealybug (CMB) control. Treatments were replicated three times on single-tree plots in a completely randomized design. Grapefruit trees were 9 years old (15 x 25 ft spacing) growing on sandy clay loam soil. Spray applications were made on Aug 15 using a 2-gal Hudson Sprayer with CO2 at 80 psi as a propellant. An area on each tree of ca. 20 sq ft was sprayed to runoff. At 7 da posttreatment, 10 CMB-infested fruit were collected from the sprayed area in each tree and examined under a binocular scope. Percent mortality was determined for the crawler, 2nd and 3rd nymphal, and adult stages.
Models and algorithms for road network design: a review and some new developments (1998)

The Network Design Problem (NDP) has long been recognized to be one of the most difficult and challenging problems in transport. In the past two decades, we have witnessed the development of a vast, growing body of research focused on formulations and solution procedures for the NDPs, which deal with the selection of either link improvements or link additions to an existing road network, with given demand from each origin to each destination. The objective is to make an optimal investment decision in order to minimize the total travel cost in the network, while accounting for the route choice behaviour of network users. In this paper, we present a general survey of existing literature in this area, and present some new developments in model formulations. We incorporate the elasticity of travel demand into the NDP and seek the economic‐based objective function for optimization. We also pose the mixed network design problem involving simultaneous choice of link addition and capacity improvement which is considered more sensible for road networks. In addition, we introduce the network reserve capacity concept for a capacity improvement plan, and raise and clarify some interesting issues relating to NDP and Braess's paradoxes. Finally, from the survey and the new proposal made herein, we offer some perspectives on future research.
The BBC and its web 2.0 partners (2008)

The British Broadcasting Corporation's websites, in English and in the 33 languages broadcast on the BBC World Service, are among the most powerful online providers of content -- in particular news and current affairs information -- on the internet. But as the level of individual users' internet usage and sophistication grows, BBC.co.uk is looking to advance its methods of getting this content to people beyond the provision of one simple one-size-fits-all website. Tools such as RSS feeds and desktop news alerts began the process, which, driven by a Creative Futures programme and a set of 15 "web principles", has now expanded to include the establishment of presences in, and utilisation of, Second Life, YouTube and MySpace. Meanwhile new deals allowing for content to be distributed more widely are being announced virtually on a monthly basis. But what are the implications of such moves? Should a publicly-funded broadcaster be involved to such an extent with private interests? Is this extension of BBC News into these areas likely to attract further complaints from private media broadcasters who argue they are marginalised by the BBC"s subsidised clout? And will it leave those with limited or no ability or interest in the new interactive world underserved - or neglected altogether?
Tubal ectopic pregnancy: a patho-physiological explanation involving endometriosis (2002)

The condition of tubal ectopic pregnancy is presented from diverse points of view, bringing out physiological explanations for its occurrence in primates and striking absence in other mammals. Part of the flexibility underlying ectopic pregnancy in humans stems from the absence of a uterine luteolytic mechanism, enabling early embryonic development in the Fallopian tube without compromising function of the corpus luteum. Attention is devoted to a potential overlap between the composition of tubal and uterine fluids, and to specific mixing between the two fluid compartments, expressed in an ability of the human oocyte or zygote to tolerate transplantation to the uterus. Perturbed tubal oocyte transport is seen as a contributory factor, not least as a sequel to episodes of infection and a modified endosalpinx, but the essay then reasons strongly for an involvement of endometriosis in the aetiology of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Proliferation of refluxed endometrial tissue arrested within the Fallopian tube could provide the epithelial characteristics of a uterine environment. Accordingly, an experimental model is proposed for tubal ectopic pregnancy in animals based upon transplants of endometrial tissue and the subsequent introduction of embryos into both the Fallopian tubes and uterus; the latter would suppress the luteolytic mechanism. Finally, advances are suggested based upon molecular scanning of human ectopic tissues and those derived from animal models. If molecular probes could be developed to detect either early tubal pregnancy or a propensity to this pathology, such advances would clearly have clinical relevance-not least in view of an enhanced incidence of tubal pregnancy arising after assisted reproduction technology.
In vivo properties of colicin A: channel activity is voltage dependent but translocation may be voltage independent. (1990)

The kinetics of K+ efflux caused by colicin A in Escherichia coli-sensitive cells have been investigated by using a K(+)-selective electrode. The order of magnitude of the rate of K+ efflux per colicin molecule was comparable to that of ion channels. The dependence of K+ efflux upon multiplicity, pH, temperature, and membrane potential (delta psi) was determined. The translocation of colicin A from the outer membrane receptor to the inner membrane and insertion into the inner membrane required a fluid membrane, but once inserted, the channel properties showed little dependence upon the state of the lipids. At a given multiplicity, the lag time before the onset of K+ efflux was found to reflect the time required for translocation and/or insertion of colicin into the cytoplasmic membrane. Opening of the channel only occurred above a threshold value of delta psi of 85 +/- 10 and 110 +/- 5 mV at pH 6.8 and 7.8, respectively. Conditions were designed for closing and reopening of the channel in vivo. These conditions allowed us to test separately the delta psi requirements for translocation and channel opening: translocation and/or insertion did not appear to require delta psi. The channel formed in vivo featured properties similar to that of the channel in lipid planar bilayers.
Comparative Study of Decision Trees andRough Sets for the Prediction of LearningDisabilities in School-Age Children (2014)

This paper highlights the study of two classification methods, Rough Sets Theory (RST) and Decision Trees (DT), for the prediction of Learning Disabilities (LD) in school-age children, with an emphasis on applications of data mining. Learning disability prediction is a very complicated task. By using these two classification methods we can easily and accurately predict LD in any child. Also, we can determine the best classification method. In this study, rule mining is performed using the algorithms LEM1 in rough sets and J48 in construction of decision trees. From this study, it is concluded that, the performance of decision trees may be considerably poorer in several important aspects compared to that of rough sets theory. It is found that, for selection of attributes, RST is very useful especially in the case of inconsistent data.
A novel one-pot synthesis of hyperbranched polyurethanes (1993)

The thermal decomposition of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl azide, to generate in situ the corresponding AB2-type dihydroxy isocyanate monomer, was found to give hyperbranched polyurethanes, whose structures were established using IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Real‐Time Soil Moisture and Salinity Profile Estimation Using Assimilation of Embedded Sensor Datastreams (2013)

Treated urban wastewater has been increasingly used for irrigation to increase crop production, but inadequate management of this marginal quality saline water cannot only reduce crop yield but also degrade soil. To increase sustainability, a sound irrigation policy based on real‐time soil states is needed to avoid the adverse effects from excess salinity in soils. In real applications, uncertain model inputs and soil heterogeneity are expected when a modeling approach is used. In addition, sensor measurement information is generally insufficient to characterize the state of the soil profile in detail. To overcome these limitations, a monitoring and modeling system assimilating embedded sensor datastreams into a hydrologic model to improve real‐time soil state estimates over the whole profile of interest is examined with a wastewater reuse system in Palmdale, CA. Experimental results show that under an unknown heterogeneous soil, the filtering scheme is able to describe the spatial variability of moisture and soil solution electrical conductivity in soils due to direct state estimation by assimilating moisture and electrical conductivity measurements and also due to improved soil hydraulic parameter estimates through the data assimilation framework. Two data withholding validation experiments were conducted to evaluate the added value of assimilating measurements. The spatial data withholding experiment demonstrates that state predictions at unobserved areas can be improved via the assimilation if the soil system is relatively homogeneous and effects from erroneous irrigation forcing are reduced. The temporal data withholding experiment indicates that a high update frequency can maintain the reliability of state estimation. Overall, this system can provide a more accurate soil characterization that could be used to optimize irrigation management to reduce adverse effects from wastewater reuse.