gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
See far with TPNET: a Tile Processor and a CNN Symbiosis (2018)

Throughout the evolution of the neural networks more specialized cells were added to the set of basic building blocks. These cells aim to improve training convergence, increase the overall performance, and reduce the number of required labels, all while preserving the expressive power of the universal network. Inspired by the partitioning of the human visual perception system between the eyes and the cerebral cortex, we present TPNET, which offloads universal and application-specific CNN from the bulk processing of the high resolution pixel data and performs the translation-variant image correction while delegating all non-linear decision making to the network. In this work, we explore application of TPNET to 3D perception with a narrow-baseline (0.0001-0.0025) quad stereo camera and prove that a trained network provides a disparity prediction from the 2D phase correlation output by the Tile Processor (TP) that is twice as accurate as the prediction from a carefully hand-crafted algorithm. The TP in turn reduces the dimensions of the input features of the network and provides instrument-invariant and translation-invariant data, making real-time high resolution stereo 3D perception feasible and easing the requirement to have a complete end-to-end network.
Alternative dental measurements: Proposals and relationships with other measurements (2004)

Most archaeological and fossil teeth are heavily worn, and this greatly limits the usefulness of tooth crown diameter measurements, as they are usually defined at the widest points of the crown. There are alternatives, particularly measurements at the cervix of the tooth, where the crown joints the root, and measurements along a diagonal axis in molars, that are much less affected by wear. These would allow a wider range of specimens to be included, e.g., in the study of dental reduction in Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Homo sapiens. In addition, they would allow the little-worn teeth of children to be compared directly with well-worn teeth in adults. These alternatives, however, have been little used, and as yet there have not been any studies of the repeatability with which they can be measured, or of the extent to which they are related to the more usual crown diameters. The present study is based on a group of unworn teeth, where direct comparisons could be made between the alternative measurements, which are not much affected by wear, with the usual crown diameters, which are very much affected. In an interobserver-error study of this material, cervical and diagonal measurements could be recorded as reliably as the usual crown diameters. The buccolingual cervical measurement was strongly correlated with the normal bucclingual crown diameter in all teeth, whereas the mesiodistal cervical measurement was highly correlated with the normal mesiodistal crown diameter in incisors and canines, but less so in premolars and molars. The molar diagonal measurements showed high correlations with all other measurements. Crown areas (robustness index) calculated from the usual diameters were strongly correlated with crown areas calculated from cervical measurements, and crown areas calculated from molar diagonals were strongly correlated with both other areas. Despite the long usage of the more usual maximum crown diameters, the alternative dental measurements could be measured just as reliably, could record similar information about tooth crown size, and would be better measures for the worn dentitions seen in archaeological and fossil material.
Improved Saturation Determination with EPT (1983)

ABSTRACT The accuracy of formation fluid saturations determined by log analysis has improved steadily over the years. However, the problem of what values to use for the exponents "m" and "n" in the saturation equation remains. Laboratory measurements on core samples show that these exponents can vary significantly over short intervals, but assumed average values must be used in actual calculations. These average values may or may not be representative, depending on the formation homogeneity. The EPT (Electromagnetic Propagation Tool) measurement allows the calculation of saturations near the borehole without a knowledge of "m" or "n". Using the EPT saturation, a method is developed to calculate "m" and "n" from the logs as a continuous record. These calculated values provide an improved water saturation calculation from the regular resistivity and porosity logs. Several examples are shown to demonstrate the application of the new method. Core analyses, core descriptions, and drill stem test results are included which support these improvements.
Digital dermoscopy in clinical practise: a three‐centre analysis (2007)

Digital dermoscopy offers advantages for daily routine in detection of early melanoma. Sensitivity and specificity for early melanomas is high and thereby, the experienced dermatologist can be easily supported in daily routine of a pigment lesion clinic to improve diagnostics and hopefully prognosis in cutaneous melanoma.
SURFACTANT-FREE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE INITIATED BY α-METHYL STYRENE-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER MACROINITIATOR (2012)

The copolymer of α-methyl styrene(AMS) and maleic anhydride(MANH) was synthesized by self-stable precipitation polymerization.The resulting AMS-MANH copolymer was saponified and then served as macroinitiator and emulsifier for the further surfactant-free polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA).Surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of MMA was carried at 90℃.The AMS-MANH copolymer and the obtained block-copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the surfactant-free polymerization of MMA can be carried out by using saponified AMS-MANH copolymer,without any other initiator and emulsifier.Based on FTIR and 1H-NMR,the emulsion polymerization product was block copolymer of PMMA and AMS-MANH copolymer.During the process of surfactant-free polymerization of MMA,the polymerization rate increased along with the increasing of the concentration of macroinitiator.The maximum of polymerization conversion was 85% and the particle sizes ranged from 150 nm to 200 nm.The intrinsic viscosity number of the copolymer was about 80 mL/g.In addition,the intrinsic viscosity numbers of copolymers increased linearly with the rising of polymerization conversion.Based on the research results,a possible reaction mechanism has been proposed.This novel method is expected to be applied to other kinds of monomers.
Advanced fuel level tracking system using telematic unit (2015)

Telematics is an eminent technology which merges telecommunications and informatics. This blending of wireless telecommunication technologies along with computers is done ostensibly with the goal of conveying information over vast networks to handle vehicle information. The entire system consists of TeCU Telematics Control Unit, server and webpage application to monitor and to sense ample information's received from vehicle over the air. Telematics Control Unit (TeCU) has to be designed and developed, which could be used in real time and off time monitoring, tracking and reporting system. TeCU is mounted in the vehicles and it's implemented with GSM/GPRS for tracking to communicate with server. The user can create a webpage application and monitor the vehicle update information's and mappings with fine precision. Thus, system provides adequate information to fleet operator regarding route/direction taken by driver, stoppages, high acceleration, vehicle location, speed, idle mode, AC ON or OFF, vehicles unit information's, RPM, sudden braking, date, time, etc. All these vehicle information's from TeCU could be updated to the Server; this is possible through GPRS communication. Thus server dispatch's all information's completely to end user webpage. This system could be extensively used in commercial vehicles and in constant equipments. In this paper fuel sensor and TeCU is interfaced, and then fuel status of vehicle is monitored predominantly on the webpage. Then the implementations will be done to administrate the system. This core endeavor of the paper is to identify and manage the fuel pilfering.
Towards the Substitution of Real with Artificially Generated Endoscopic Images for CNN Training (2019)

The generalization performance in deep learning is linked to the size and the variations of the samples available during training. This is apparent in the domain of computer-aided gastrointestinal tract abnormality detection, where the lesions can vary a lot from each other and the number of available samples is limited, mainly due to personal data protection legislations. In this work we present a novel approach of tackling the problem of limited training data availability by making use of artificially generated images. More specifically we trained a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) using Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) images to generate fake but realistic images from the small bowel. The generated images were then used to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify inflammatory conditions on real WCE images. To evaluate the performance of our approach, in our experiments we compare the generalization performance of the same CNN architecture trained separately with real and fake images, obtaining 90.9% and 79.1% Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC), respectively. The results show that training using solely artificially generated data can be effective in cases where real training data are inaccessible.
Antioxidative and Hypolipidemic Effects of Diosgenin, a Steroidal Saponin of Yam (<i>Dioscorea spp.</i>), on High-Cholesterol Fed Rats (2007)

Diosgenin (a steroidal saponin of yam) has long been used as a raw material for the industrial production of steroid drugs, and reported to have a hypocholesterolemic effect by suppressing cholesterol absorption and increasing cholesterol secretion. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a main risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidative effect of diosgenin on rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either 0.1% or 0.5% diosgenin for 6 weeks. We measured the lipid profile in the plasma and liver, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in the plasma, erythrocyte and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes in the liver, and the oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes. Diosgenin showed a decrease in the plasma and hepatic total cholesterol levels, but increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Erythrocyte TBARS and lymphocyte DNA damage measured by the comet assay were decreased in the diosgenin supplemented group. Furthermore, diosgenin feeding enhanced the resistance to lymphocyte DNA damage caused by an oxidant challenge with H(2)O(2). The antioxidative enzyme activities were also affected by diosgenin supplementation. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the plasma and liver, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes, and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes and liver were significantly increased in the 0.5% diosgenin group. The expression of antioxidative enzymes was up-regulated by diosgenin, the expression of GSH-Px being the highest in the 0.5% diosgenin group. These results suggest that diosgenin could be a very useful compound to control hypercholesterolemia by both improving the lipid profile and modulating oxidative stress.
原子用于和平 不断变化的风景——各国纪念1953年历史性倡议50周年 (2004)

50年前，美国总统杜威特·艾森豪威尔呼吁对原子能进行国际控制和推广，使其“为人类的和平追求服务”，他在1953年12月向联合国提出具有历史意义的“原子用于和平”建议，导致国际原子能机构4年后建立。2003年9月，美国及其他国家在维也纳召开的IAEA大会上重申支持核和平利用和IAEA的作用。这些利用和作用目前正面临着新世纪的新挑战。
Pyridine nucleotide cycle of Salmonella typhimurium: isolation and characterization of pncA, pncB, and pncC mutants and utilization of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (1979)

Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 deficient in nicotinamidase activity (pncA) or nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase activity (pncB) were isolated as resistant to analogs of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Information obtained from interrupted mating experiments placed the pncA gene at 27 units and the pncB gene at 25 units on the S. typhimurium LT-2 linkage map. A major difference in the location of the pncA gene was found between the S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli linkage maps. The pncA gene is located in a region in which there is a major inversion of the gene order in S. typhimurium as compared to that in E. coli. Growth experiments using double mutants blocked in the de novo pathway to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (nad) and in the pyridine nucleotide cycle (pnc) at either the pncA or pncB locus, or both, have provided evidence for the existence of an alternate recycling pathway in this organism. Mutants lacking this alternate cycle, pncC, have been isolated and mapped via cotransduction at 0 units. Utilization of exogenous NAD was examined through the use of [14C]carbonyl-labeled NAD and [14C]adenine-labeled NAD. The results of these experiments suggest that NAD is degraded to nicotinamide mononucleotide at the cell surface. A portion of this extracellular nicotinamide mononucleotide is then transported across the cell membrane by nicotinamide mononucleotide glycohydrolase and degraded to nicotinamide in the process. The remaining nicotinamide mononucleotide accumulates extracellularly and will support the growth of nadA pncB mutants which cannot utilize the nicotinamide resulting from the major pathway of NAD degradation. A model is presented for the utilization of exogenous NAD by S. typhimurium LT-2.
Dipole Localization of Average and Single Visual Evoked Potentials (1982)

A single dipole source was chosen as a model of the neurological generator of evoked potentials elicited by illuminated checker-board stimulation of halves and quadrants of the visual field, and a homogeneous sphere was chosen as a model for the head. Dipole locations and moments were calculated for the average evoked potentials and average dipole locations and moments were calculated for the preprocessed single evoked potentials. The average dipole locations for the single potentials appear to be more anatomically appropriate than the location due to the average evoked potentials. A relationship was demonstrated between the dipole parameters and polarity inversions in the average evoked potentials.
Hydrogen Storage in Mesoporous Coordination Frameworks: Experiment and Molecular Simulation (2009)

A porous coordination framework material, Zn4O(BDC)(BTB)4/3 (labeled 1 for simplification), has been prepared and applied to hydrogen storage. Its storage capacity has been measured, and the absolute and excess H2 adsorption uptakes reach 6.23 and 5.43 wt % at 77 K and 20 bar, respectively. Moreover, a multiscale simulation method, which combines first-principles calculation and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation, has been used to evaluate H2 adsorption in this material. The simulation results successfully reproduce the experimentally determined hydrogen uptake in 1 at T = 77 K and in the pressure range 0−20 bar. Furthermore, the simulation predicts that the hydrogen capacity in 1 reaches 9.5 wt % at 77 K and 100 bar, which is among the highest reported in the literature to date. Clearly, this material is a promising adsorbent for hydrogen storage.
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY: APPLICATION TO 2001 BHUJ, INDIA, EARTHQUAKE (2001)

Various studies were carried out in the last years with the purpose of assessing natural hazard damages using remote sensing and photo interpretation techniques. Most of them analyze the case of floods or lands lides, where damages could be estimated. For the seismic events, the first studies were carried out basically after the Kocaeli Earthquake of 1999, were spatial images from various satellites could be exploited. The recent progresses of remote sensing in terms of spatial resolution and data processing open new possibilities concerning the natural hazard assessment. Using a high resolution optical imagery available today, a damage detection could be performed inclusively in urban areas. A multidisciplin ary approach based on high resolution satellite data and earthquake engineering was applied in order to estimate the damage after the Bhuj, (India), Earthquake of January 26 th , 2001. The study provide a fast loss estimation, in terms of physical damage and human casualties. A Geographic Information System has been used in order to display the spatial distribution of damages. The results could be very useful for the rescue teams deployed immediately after the catastrophe.
La diversificació de las dinàmiques migratòries a la metròpolis barcelonina: immigració estrangera i suburbanització (2009)

Un dels principals canvis observats en les gran arees urbanes espanyoles durant aquests darrers deu anys es deu a la incorporacio de la poblacio de nacionalitat estrangera (amb una alta intensitat i en un espai de temps breu). En aquest article s'analitza el cas de la ciutat de Barcelona i la seva Regio Metropolitana que, entre 1998 i 2007, ha agregat mes de mig milio de nous residents estrangers, el que ha comportat un creixement demografic considerable, del voltant del 14% de la poblacio inicial, tot i que amb diferencies territorials remarcables. Aquesta dinamica trenca amb l'estancament de poblacio del periode 1981-1996. L'article centra l'atencio en tres de les dinamiques afectades directament per l'arribada de la immigracio internacional, com es el creixement i la distribucio de la poblacio en la Regio Metropolitana, el seu impacte sobre la mobilitat residencial i les dinamiques de suburbanitzacio, i les consequencies d'aquests canvis sobre l'estructura per sexe i edat de la poblacio dels diferents ambits metropolitans. ; Uno de los principales cambios acaecidos en las grandes areas urbanas espanolas durante estos ultimos diez anos se debe a la incorporacion de poblacion de nacionalidad extranjera, que se ha producido con una elevada intensidad y en un breve lapso de tiempo. En esta comunicacion se explora el caso de la ciudad de Barcelona y su region metropolitana, que entre 1998 y 2007 ha incorporado mas de medio millon de nuevos residentes extranjeros, causando un crecimiento demografico considerable, en torno al 14% de la poblacion inicial, aunque con diferencias territoriales remarcables. Esta dinamica rompe con el estancamiento de poblacion del periodo 1981-1996. La atencion se centrara en tres dinamicas que se encuentran directamente afectadas por la incorporacion de la poblacion extranjera, como son el crecimiento y la distribucion de la poblacion en la region metropolitana, el impacto sobre la movilidad residencial, y las consecuencias sobre la estructura por sexo y edad de la poblacion. ; One of the most important changes that large Spanish urban areas have experienced in the last decade is the massive arrival of foreign nationality immigrants. This process has been very intense and concentrated in time. This paper explores the specific case of the city and the metropolitan area of Barcelona, where the number of foreign nationality residents between 1998 and 2007 has risen by more than half a million persons, surpassing 14% of the previous population. However, it should be noted that remarkable territorial differences are observed. This new dynamics of significant growth puts an end to the previous period (1981-1996), characterised by a stable population. Therefore, the paper will focus in three dynamics, which are affected by the arrival of foreign immigrants: the population growth and distribution within the metropolitan area; the impact on residential mobility; and the consequences of the age-and-sex population structure.
Clinical Perspectives on Xenobiotic‐Induced Hepatotoxicity (2004)

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is an important cause of liver disease with significant medical, economic, legal, and regulatory implications. Clinically, it presents a diagnostic challenge to health care professionals since drug-induced liver disease can mimic the clinicopathologic features of all other acute and chronic liver diseases. However, individual drugs tend to have a characteristic clinical signature. Early identification of hepatotoxicity by either laboratory monitoring or patients' awareness as a result of education may avert serious liver injury in delayed idiosyncratic toxicity. Most adverse hepatic reactions require metabolism of the drug to reactive metabolites and free radicals, which then either lead to direct overwhelming lethal insult, nonlethal sensitization to the lethal effects of the innate immune system, or haptenization eliciting an immunoallergic response of the adaptive immune system. Besides licensed drugs, herbal and natural supplements are recognized as causing hepatotoxicity with increasing frequency as patients turn more and more to alternative medicine.
A Strong Expression of CD44-6v Correlates With Shorter Survival of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1998)

CD44 is a ubiquitous cell-surface glycoprotein that displays many variant isoforms (CD44v) generated by alternative splicing of exons 2v to 10v. The expression of variant isoforms is highly restricted and correlated with specific processes, such as leukocyte activation and malignant transformation. We have herein studied CD44v expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and, for comparison, in normal myelopoiesis. Protein expression of total CD44 and of CD44-3v, -6v, and -9v isoforms has been measured using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The composition of variant exon transcripts has been analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern hybridization with exon-specific probes. Our data show that (1) CD44-6v isoforms are expressed on 12.0% +/- 2.5% of normal CD34(+) cells; this expression is sharply upregulated through monopoiesis and, inversely, downregulated during granulopoiesis. Also, CD44-3v and CD44-9v isoforms are detected on 10% and 14% of normal monocytes, respectively. (2) Sixty-nine from a total of 95 AML patients display a variable proportion (range, 5% to 80%) of CD44-6v+ leukemic cells. (3) A shorter overall survival characterizes the group of AML patients displaying more than 20% of CD44-6v+ leukemic cells (8 months v 18 months, P < .02). These data suggest, for the first time, that the protein expression of CD44-6v containing isoforms may serve as a new prognostic factor in AML.
Pectoralis Major Rupture in Athletes: Footprint Technique and Results (2010)

Over a 2-year period, 10 male athletes underwent repair of the pectoralis major tendon using a double-row surgical technique using 3 bone anchors to produce a foot print repair of the pectoralis major tendon. The mean patient age was 33.9 years (23 to 46 y). The mean time between surgery and the original injury was 11.6 weeks (1 to 48 wk). Outcome measures included patient satisfaction, bench press strength, pain, and cosmesis. The average follow-up was 20.3 months (12 to 39 mo). Eight patients had pain before surgery and all patients were not satisfied with the appearance of their chest. The average loss of bench press strength was 75% preoperatively. At the final follow-up, none of the patients complained of any pain while pushing objects away from their body; 9 patients had no pain on moving their arm across the chest whiereas 1 patient reported mild pain. Nine patients were satisfied with the appearance. The average improvement in bench press strength was 90%. One patient developed a deep infection requiring a further washout and antibiotics. No rerupture was seen among any of 4 patients. There was no difference in outcomes between the early and late repairs in all the criteria. In conclusion, satisfactory results can be achieved with a suture-anchor footprint repair technique of the pectoralis major strength athletes with return to earlier sports and strength.