gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE DIAGNOSIS OF CMV PNEUMONITIS IN LUNG AND HEART/LUNG TRANSPLANT PATIENTS BY PCR COMPARED WITH TRADITIONAL LABORATORY CRITERIA (1993)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of CMV DNA recovered from bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood samples was compared with tissue culture, cytology, and/or histology for the earlier detection of CMV pneumonitis in 12 recipients of single-lung or heart/lung transplants. In patients with confirmed CMV pneumonitis, cytological evidence of CMV disease in BAL samples was detected 38 +/- 14 days posttransplantation, while tissue culture and PCR-positive results were noted as early as 30 +/- 4.0 days and 18 +/- 4.6 days, respectively. While PCR was positive earlier than culture in a number of cases, culture-positive results were subsequently obtained in each case, consistent with earlier detection of viral replication by PCR as opposed to detection of latent virus. CMV was detected by PCR in 6 of 24 blood samples from patients with confirmed or suspected CMV pneumonitis, while results of all 24 blood samples were negative when assayed by tissue culture. PCR-based testing was more sensitive than traditional tests, allowing detection of viral replication earlier than tissue culture in the posttransplant period. PCR could provide a powerful means of monitoring the immunocompromised patients in whom preemptive therapeutic intervention for CMV disease is desirable.
Design consideration for high-energy-resolution neutron spectrometer based on associated particle detection using proton recoil telescope and time-of-flight technique for ITER (2006)

For ion temperature measurement in the ITER high power operation phase, we propose a promising high-energy-resolution neutron spectrometer based on the associated particle detection using a proton recoil telescope and a time-of-flight spectrometer. To verify the operational principle and the basic performance of this system, we have set up a prototype system through Monte Carlo simulations and carried out a preliminary experiment with a deuterium-tritium (DT) neutron beam at the Fusion Neutronics Source, JAEA. The results have demonstrated that the energy resolution could be achieved around 3.3% (in full width at half maximum) for DT neutrons. In addition, the design consideration of this system for an application to ITER is given on the detection efficiency, the applicable range in the ITER operation, and the detector lifetime.
Interaction between path and type constraints (2003)

Path constraints are capable of expressing inclusion and inverse relationships and have proved useful in modeling and querying semistructured data [Abiteboul and Vianu 1999; Buneman et al. 2000]. Types also constrain the structure of data and are commonly found in traditional databases. There has also been work on imposing structure or a type system on semistructured data for storing and querying semistructured data in a traditional database system [Alon et al. 2001; Deutsch et al. 1999a; Florescu and Kossmann 1999; Shanmugasundaram et al. 1999]. One wants to know whether complexity results for reasoning about path constraints established in the untyped (semistructured) context could carry over to traditional databases, and vice versa. It is therefore appropriate to understand the interaction between types and path constraints. In addition, XML [Bray et al. 1998], which may involve both an optional schema (e.g., DTDs or XML Schema [Thompson et al. 2001]) and integrity constraints, highlights the importance of the study of the interaction.This article investigates that interaction. In particular it studies constraint implication problems, which are important both in understanding the semantics of type/constraint systems and in query optimization. It shows that path constraints interact with types in a highly intricate way. For that purpose a number of results on path constraint implication are established in the presence and absence of type systems. These results demonstrate that adding a type system may in some cases simplify reasoning about path constraints and in other cases make it harder. For example, it is shown that there is a path constraint implication problem that is decidable in PTIME in the untyped context, but that becomes undecidable when a type system is added. On the other hand, there is an implication problem that is undecidable in the untyped context, but becomes not only decidable in cubic time but also finitely axiomatizable when a type system is imposed.
Triazole Photonucleases:  A New Family of Light Activatable DNA Cleaving Agents (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTriazole Photonucleases: A New Family of Light Activatable DNA Cleaving AgentsPaul A. Wender, Sofia M. Touami, Carole Alayrac, and Ulrich C. PhilippView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 27, 6522–6523Publication Date (Web):July 10, 1996Publication History Received28 February 1996Published online10 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960647chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960647crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Irradiation,Light,Triazole Get e-Alerts
Rap1‐mediated nucleosome displacement can regulate gene expression in senescent cells without impacting the pace of senescence (2019)

Cell senescence is accompanied, and in part mediated, by changes in chromatin, including histone losses, but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We reported previously that during yeast cell senescence driven by telomere shortening, the telomeric protein Rap1 plays a major role in reprogramming gene expression by relocalizing hundreds of new target genes (called NRTS, for new Rap1 targets at senescence) to the promoters. This leads to two types of histone loss: Rap1 lowers histone level globally by repressing histone gene expression, and it also causes local nucleosome displacement at the promoters of upregulated NRTS. Here, we present evidence of direct binding between Rap1 and histone H3/H4 heterotetramers, and map amino acids involved in the interaction within the Rap1 SANT domain to amino acids 392-394 (SHY). Introduction of a point mutation within the native RAP1 locus that converts these residues to alanines (RAP1<sup>SHY</sup> ), and thus disrupts Rap1-H3/H4 interaction, does not interfere with Rap1 relocalization to NRTS at senescence, but prevents full nucleosome displacement and gene upregulation, indicating direct Rap1-H3/H4 contacts are involved in nucleosome displacement. Consistent with this, the histone H3/H4 chaperone Asf1 is similarly unnecessary for Rap1 localization to NRTS but is required for full Rap1-mediated nucleosome displacement and gene activation. Remarkably, RAP1<sup>SHY</sup> does not affect the pace of senescence-related cell cycle arrest, indicating that some changes in gene expression at senescence are not coupled to this arrest.
16-Fluorinated Corticoids. 16α-Fluoro- and 16β-Fluoroprednisolones<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT16-Fluorinated Corticoids. 16α-Fluoro- and 16β-Fluoroprednisolones1Fred Kagan, Barney J. Magerlein, and Robert D. BirkenmeyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 12, 3477–3483Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01047a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01047a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mesangial cell-predominant gene, megsin (2002)

We identified a novel gene, termed megsin, predominantly expressed in mesangial cells utilizing a 3'-directed regional cDNA library from cultured human mesangial cells. Megsin is a novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin), and the level of megsin RNA/protein expression is up-regulated in patients with IgA nephropathy or diabetic nephropathy, suggesting a link between megsin expression and the pathogenesis of mesangial expansion and/or proliferation. To assess the pathophysiological significance of megsin, we produced human megsin transgenic mice. Genetic manipulation of megsin engenders two elementary mesangial lesions, mesangial expansion and an increase in the number of mesangial cells.
On the Effect of the Nature of Ion Pairs as Nucleophiles in a Metal-Catalyzed Substitution Reaction (1998)

Two mechanistic features of the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of dienyl acetatesvinyl (π-allyl)palladium intermediate equilibration and palladium-catalyzed ionization of the bisallylic malonate productsaccount for the observed product ratios and nucleophile counterion effects. Three hexadienyl acetate substrates, isomeric with respect to the location of the leaving group to the dienyl system, were studied. The sodium, cesium, tetramethylammonium, and tetrahexylammonium salts of dimethyl malonate and dimethyl benzylmalonate were employed as nucleophiles, and both triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine ligands were tested. The observed alkylation product ratios varied in a consistent way with the identity of the nucleophile counterion. The palladium-catalyzed ionization of bisallyl malonate products (i.e., the nucleophile serves as a leaving group for palladium ionization) was found to alter the observed product distribution only under certain circumstances such as extended reaction times or temperatures. Nucleophile crossover experiments demonstrated that the monoallylic products did not reionize or isomerize. These results are most consistent with a reaction mechanism where the vinyl (π-allyl)palladium(II) intermediate proximal to the leaving group is formed initially and nucleophilic addition occurs either competitive with or after complete thermodynamic equilibration of the two isomeric vinyl (π-allyl)palladium(II) intermediates. The observed product distribution primarily reflects the kinetic balance of these two processesnucleophilic addition and intermediate equilibration. Thus, the cesium and tetrahexylammonium counterions slow down the rate of nucleophilic addition relative to intermediate equilibration and allow the vinyl (π-allyl)palladium isomerization process to completely equilibrate the intermediates prior to nucleophilic addition. This effect may relate to the ability of these counterions to affect higher levels of asymmetric induction than other counterions in enantioselective alkylation reactions.
Scanning of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) gene: identification of 18 novel alterations including a possible mutation hotspot at Arg86 resulting in thrombocytopenia, a mild WAS phenotype (1995)

Journal Article Scanning of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) gene: identification of 18 novel alterations including a possible mutation hotspot at Arg86 resulting in thrombocytopenia, a mild WAS phenotype Get access Sau-Plng Kwan, Sau-Plng Kwan * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tracy L. Hagemann, Tracy L. Hagemann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.Michael Blaese, R.Michael Blaese 1National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan Knutsen, Alan Knutsen 2Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University, Health Sciences CenterSt. Louis, MO 63104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred S. Rosen Fred S. Rosen 3Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 1995, Pages 1995–1998, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/4.10.1995 Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Received: 06 June 1995 Revision received: 29 June 1995 Accepted: 29 June 1995 Published: 01 October 1995
Laser dye impregnation of oxidized porous silicon on silicon wafers (1993)

Electrochemically etched silicon wafers can be utilized as transparent host matrices for a variety of luminescent media. Highly efficient (≳1%) photoluminescence across the entire visible range is demonstrated here using organic-dye-activated porous glass layers on Si wafers. Coumarin, xanthene, and oxazine dyes are used to obtain blue, green, yellow, and red emission at room temperature. Photopumped tunable lasers that can be integrated with silicon circuitry should be attainable with this approach.
Deformation Localization in Molecular Layers Constrained between Self-Assembled Au Nanoparticles (2017)

The localized deformation of molecular monolayers constrained between the spherical surfaces of Au nanoparticles is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Alkyl or polyethylene glycol long-chain molecules were homogeneously distributed over the curved Au surface, pushed against each other by repeated cycles of force relaxation and constant-volume equilibration at temperatures increasing from 50 to 300 K before being slowly quenched to near-zero temperature. Plots of minimum configurational energy can be obtained as a function of the nanoparticle distance, according to different directions of approach; therefore, such simulations describe a range of deformations, from perfectly uniaxial compression to a combination of compression and shear. Despite the relative rigidity of molecular backbones, the deformation is always found to be localized at the interface between the opposing molecular monolayers. We find that shorter ligands can be more densely packed on the surface but do no interdigitate upon compression; they respond to the applied force by bending and twisting, thus changing their conformation while remaining disjointed. On the contrary, longer ligands attain lower surface densities and can interprenetrate when the nanoparticles are compressed against each other; such molecules remain rather straight and benefit from the increased overlap to maximize the adhesion by dispersion forces. The apparent Young's and shear moduli of a dense nanostructure, composed of a triangular arrangement of identical MUDA-decorated Au nanoparticles, are found to be smaller than estimates indirectly deduced by atomic-force experiments but quite close to previous computer simulations of molecular monolayers on flat surfaces and of bulk nanoparticle assemblies.
Multi-annual variation in female morph frequencies of the polymorphic damselfly, Nehalennia irene, at continental and regional scales (2009)

Abstract Female-limited polymorphism occurs in different animal taxa but is particularly abundant among species of damselflies (Insecta: Odonata), most likely as a consequence of selection to avoid excessive male harassment. Recent work on the damselfly Nehalennia irene indicated that within year spatial variation in female morph frequencies was limited in nearby populations (i.e. intra-regional scale), but large at a continental scale. As anticipated, some of the observed variation in morph frequency was correlated with variation in the estimated degree of male harassment towards female morphs, measured by male density and operational sex ratio. Here, we extended earlier work by quantifying variation in morph frequency over two to three years, allowing us to elucidate how morph frequencies vary temporally at both intra-regional and continental scales (data for 8 populations over three years and for 33 populations over two years, respectively). Annual variation in morph frequencies was relatively high at the intra-regional scale, but was never large enough to obscure the underlying spatial pattern at the continental scale. At both geographic scales, male density and operational sex ratio were highly variable between years. The estimated degree of male harassment correlated with variation in morph frequency within some regions, but not all. Together, the observed natural variation in female morph frequencies may be partly explained by variation in male harassment, but it appears that a complete understanding will require considering the role of other environmental factors.
Visualizing Changes in Circuit Activity Resulting from Denervation and Reinnervation Using Immediate Early Gene Expression (2003)

We describe a novel strategy to evaluate circuit function after brain injury that takes advantage of experience-dependent immediate early gene (IEG) expression. When normal rats undergo training or are exposed to a novel environment, there is a strong induction of IEG expression in forebrain regions, including the hippocampus. This gene induction identifies the neurons that are engaged during the experience. Here, we demonstrate that experience-dependent IEG induction is diminished after brain injury in young adult rats (120-200 gm), specifically after unilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex (EC), and then recovers with a time course consistent with reinnervation. In situ hybridization techniques were used to assess the expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Arc at various times after the lesion (4, 8, 12, 16, or 30 d). One group of rats was allowed to explore a complex novel environment for 1 hr; control operated animals remained in their home cage. In unoperated animals, exposure to the novel environment induced Arc mRNA levels in most pyramidal neurons in CA1, in many pyramidal neurons in CA3, and in a small number of dentate granule cells. This characteristic pattern of induction was absent at early time points after unilateral EC lesions (4 and 8 d) but recovered progressively at later time points. The recovery of Arc expression occurred with approximately the same time course as the reinnervation of the dentate gyrus as a result of postlesion sprouting. These results document a novel approach for quantitatively assessing activity-regulated gene expression in polysynaptic circuits after trauma.
A single night‐time dose of famotidine is equivalent to ranitidine in decreasing 24‐hour gastric acidity in asymptomatic duodenal ulcer subjects (1989)

Six asymptomatic, non-smoking men with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer disease received single nocturnal doses of placebo, 40 mg famotidine and 300 mg ranitidine each for 1 week prior to serial measurement of pH, peptic activity and serum gastrin concentrations over 24 h and of acid output. The intragastric pH fluctuated between 1.53 and 5.07 when subjects were given placebo but within 2 h of taking famotidine or ranitidine it rose to 5.57 or higher; the effect lasted for 12 h from midnight. Peptic activity fell during famotidine and ranitidine treatment and the decline was somewhat greater 8-15 h after using famotidine. Serum gastrin levels did not change materially with any treatment. The study shows the equivalent effect of standard bed-time doses of famotidine and ranitidine on intragastric pH, acid output and serum gastrin concentrations in asymptomatic men with duodenal ulcer disease.
Cardiac function in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1994)

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The observation that the disease may affect all cardiac tissues, although frequently in a subclinical fashion, has come to attention only recently after the introduction of non-invasive sensitive cardiac imaging technology in clinical practice. We review the current perspective of this topic, placing special emphasis on what is known and what is not known regarding cardiac disease in the pediatric population with SLE. Our current lack of information calls for the initiation of collaborative research in this area.
The Hydrogenation of 4-Hydroxybiphenylcarboxylic Acids (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrogenation of 4-Hydroxybiphenylcarboxylic AcidsWilliam G. Dauben and Masato TanabeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 20, 4969–4973Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01116a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01116a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts