gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utility and limits of noninvasive methods in dermatology (2007)

The approach to medical diagnosis has undergone profound changes in recent years owing to the advent of instrumental diagnosis, which has replaced traditional clinical methods based on the medical history and objective signs. Many medical and surgical specialties now use instruments that are able to provide a more accurate diagnosis via noninvasive methods. This has led to the birth of super-specialized sectors which, within each discipline, promote knowledge and research in the respective fields of interest.\nDermatology has probably been the last discipline to embrace instrumental diagnosis. Indeed, the advent of bioengineering caught many dermatologists off-guard, bewildered by the many proposals coming from the medical supply industry and distrustful of machines whose practical utility was not always clear. This distrust may have ancestral origins, ingrained in the very essence of dermatology, which is a typical morphological discipline based on clinical aspects appreciable through sensory perceptions. During their specialist training, dermatologists learn to observe, recognize and classify lesions in order to identify the stereotypes that provide them with the diagnosis. Convinced of their perceptive superiority over any machine, they have not felt the need to develop suitable instruments to aid their objective examination. This methodological approach has led many dermatologists to consider instruments completely useless or even as enemies to combat, in that they are dangerous rivals of clinical experience. This type of attitude is obviously erroneous: although it is true that instrumental methods cannot replace the experience, sensitivity and intuition of the clinician, it is also true that they can be a valid complement to clinical methodology.\nIn fact, this prejudice has been disappearing for some years now and, additionally, dermatology has begun to employ instrumental semeiotics. Increasingly sophisticated machines that are able to explore the skin in a noninvasive manner can now provide biophysical measurements of the integumentary apparatus; these measurements can be considered parametric data of analogically appreciable signs. This has given rise to bioengineering of the skin, which in just a few years has led to the constitution of an autonomous and expanding sector.\n\nThe purpose of this editorial is to provide a panorama of noninvasive diagnostic methods in dermatology in an attempt to identify the instruments that are truly useful in current clinical practice, those whose use is important in specialized sectors, such as dermopharmacology and dermocosmetology, and those that have only experimental relevance
Functional characterization of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in lung development, injury, and tumorigenesis (2012)

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are proposed to be the first specialized cell type to appear in the lung, but their ontogeny remains obscure. Although studies of PNECs have suggested their involvement in a number of lung functions, neither their in vivo significance nor the molecular mechanisms underlying them have been elucidated. Importantly, PNECs have long been speculated to constitute the cells of origin of human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and recent mouse models support this hypothesis. However, a genetic system that permits tracing the early events of PNEC transformation has not been available. To address these key issues, we developed a genetic tool in mice by introducing a fusion protein of Cre recombinase and estrogen receptor (CreER) into the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) locus that encodes a major peptide in PNECs. The CGRP(CreER) mouse line has enabled us to manipulate gene activity in PNECs. Lineage tracing using this tool revealed the plasticity of PNECs. PNECs can be colabeled with alveolar cells during lung development, and following lung injury, PNECs can contribute to Clara cells and ciliated cells. Contrary to the current model, we observed that elimination of PNECs has no apparent consequence on Clara cell recovery. We also created mouse models of SCLC in which CGRP(CreER) was used to ablate multiple tumor suppressors in PNECs that were simultaneously labeled for following their fate. Our findings suggest that SCLC can originate from differentiated PNECs. Together, these studies provide unique insight into PNEC lineage and function and establish the foundation of investigating how PNECs contribute to lung homeostasis, injury/repair, and tumorigenesis.
An evaluation of the power consumption and carbon footprint of a cloud infrastructure (2010)

Three, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC); 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HVA); 3-methoxy; 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG); adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP); and guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and controls. DOPAC levels were lower and HVA levels were higher in DAT patients than in controls. In the most rostral fractions of CSF from DAT patients there was a negative correlation between DOPAC and cyclic AMP levels. In addition, patients with onset of DAT symptoms before the age of 65 had lower DOPAC levels, a higher HVA/DOPAC ratio, and higher cyclic nucleotide levels than patients with late onset of DAT. By combining DOPAC and cyclic AMP levels, we could clearly distinguish these two groups.
CD24‐dependent MAPK pathway activation is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation (2009)

CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein reported to be overexpressed in human tumorigenesis and progression. Our purpose was to determine the role of CD24 in the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and the potential mechanisms in this process. Our data showed that CD24 promoted cell growth and induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, Raf-1, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity by their specific inhibitors, U0126 and SB203580, abrogated CD24-induced proliferation in vitro. By tumorigenicity assay in female BALB/c nude mice, we further demonstrated that CD24 promoted tumor growth in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CD24 expression occurred in 92.5% of human colorectal cancer tissue, and increased with tumor progression. More importantly, the stainings of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases and phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were strongly correlated with CD24 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that CD24-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activations are required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The linkage of CD24 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may unravel a novel mechanism in the regulation of colorectal cancer proliferation.
On Automatic Resonant Frequency Tracking in LLC Series Resonant Converter Based on Zero-Current Duration Time of Secondary Diode (2015)

In order to achieve higher efficiency for the unregulated LLC series resonant converter, the switching frequency must be equal to the resonant frequency. However, since the converter works in open-loop condition, the switching frequency usually deviates from the resonant frequency in real converter. This paper proposed a new control method to track the resonant frequency of the unregulated LLC series resonant converter. Theoretically, the time of zero diode current in secondary is zero when the working frequency is equal or greater than the resonance frequency, and it is changed as the frequency varies when the working frequency is less than the resonance frequency. The proposed control algorithm is based on the time measurement of zero diode current to realize the resonance frequency tracking. A closed-loop digital controller is designed to realize the proposed tracking approach. The simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the proposed tracking approach. The simulation and experimental results show that (1) the switching frequency can be well controlled to track the resonant frequency, and (2) the tracking accuracy can be at least 96%.
LXI. <i>Observations on some remarkable optical phænomena seen in Switzerland; and on an optical phænomenon which occurs on viewing a figure of a crystal or geometrical solid</i> (1832)

(1832). LXI. Observations on some remarkable optical phaenomena seen in Switzerland; and on an optical phaenomenon which occurs on viewing a figure of a crystal or geometrical solid. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 329-337.
A 1.92-Megapixel CMOS Image Sensor With Column-Parallel Low-Power and Area-Efficient SA-ADCs (2012)

This paper presents a CMOS image sensor with 10-bit column-parallel successive approximation analog-to-digital converters (SA-ADCs). The SA-ADC in each column integrates the binary-weighted references instead of using an internal digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to reduce the area. The area of the column 10-bit SA-ADC is 9 μm × 425 μm. The area of the capacitor array in the SA-ADC is reduced to only 2.8% compared with that of a conventional binary-weighted capacitor DAC. In order to reduce the power consumption, the SA-ADC uses the switched power technique. The constant analog-to-digital conversion time and the switched power technique increase the power saving rate as the frame rate decreases. The proposed image sensor has been fabricated using a 0.13-μm CMOS process. The measured power consumption of the proposed SA-ADC is reduced to 85% and 58% of that in the SA-ADC without the switched power technique at the frame frequencies of 15 and 150 frames/s, respectively.
Multiple level nanochannels fabricated using reversal UV nanoimprint (2006)

There is a wide range of applications for three-dimensional (3D) nanochannels in biomedical systems and fluidic control. In this article, a simple and versatile technique to create 3D nanochannels with width from 200nm to 2μm is demonstrated using sequentially stacked reversal UV nanoimprint of SU-8. Its advantages include controllable channel profile, low pressure and temperature for imprints, and flexibility in designing 3D channels by stacking. In a typical reversal UV imprint, SU-8 is spin coated on a glass mold and then transferred onto Si substrates by an UV imprint process at low temperature of 55°C, low pressure of 2MPa, and UV exposure of 1–4s. While reversal UV imprinting top SU-8 layer onto bottom SU-8 layer, the UV exposure and imprint sequence of the top SU-8 layer and its effect on channel profile control are investigated. It has been found that initially UV-cured top SU-8 layer is preferred for good channel profile control because UV-cured SU-8 layer is prevented from flowing down into bottom SU-8 layer.
Debates and Diatribes (2008)

Review Article| February 01 2008 Debates and Diatribes krishnendu ray krishnendu ray Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2008) 8 (1): 101–102. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2008.8.1.101 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation krishnendu ray; Debates and Diatribes. Gastronomica 1 February 2008; 8 (1): 101–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2008.8.1.101 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentGastronomica Search This content is only available via PDF. ©© 2008 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2008 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGHLY INFECTIVE <i>BABESIA BIGEMINA</i> VACCINE OF REDUCED VIRULENCE (1981)

The virulence of a strain of Babesia bigemina was reduced by syringe passaging at 3 to 16-week intervals in a series of 7 calves. The calves were splenectomised 1 to 14 weeks after inoculation to induce the relapse parasitaemias used for passaging. Parasites taken at relapse from the last 3 calves in the series were inoculated into splenectomised calves from which highly parasitised blood for vaccine was obtained. The vaccine produced mild infections in 32 recipient cattle. When challenged either 5 weeks or 7 months after vaccination, the cattle had substantial immunity to a heterologous strain of B. bigemina.
Comparable down-regulation of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2 genes and inhibition of melanogenesis by tyrostat, tocotrienol-rich fraction and tocopherol in human skin melanocytes improves skin pigmentation. (2014)

Tyrostat, tocopherol and tocotrienol-rich fraction possessed anti-melanogenic properties and might be useful in improving skin pigmentation caused by UVA exposure.
Physiological analysis of salt stress behaviour of citrus species and genera: low chloride accumulation as an indicator of salt tolerance : S08O07 (2012)

Tolerant citrus rootstocks are defined as Cl- excluders. However, little is known about the salt tolerance of cultivars used as scions, particularly the tolerance of monoembryonic citrus genotypes. To enhance the genetic resources for generating improved hybrid rootstocks, the evaluation of large samples of citrus species, including both monoembryonic and polyembryonic genotypes, is necessary. In this study, 12 citrus genotypes representing the major Citrus species and all the three genera of the Rutaceae family were subjected to moderate salt stress (75mM) for 12 weeks to characterise their physiological response to salt stress. Various symptoms and physiological parameters were evaluated to characterise their salt sensitivity. These included plant growth (stem diameter), leaf chlorophyll content, leaf flavonoid content, maximum quantum yield of PSII [(Fm-F0)/Fm)], net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf Na and Cl- contents. The results clearly demonstrated that the most salt sensitive genotypes accumulated high concentrations of Na and Cl- and maintained a fair growth and photosynthetic rate. By contrast, salt-tolerant genotypes accumulated less Na and Cl- and decreased their growth and gas exchange. 'Poncire commun' citron and 'Marumi' kumquat were the most sensitive species, while mandarins, pummelo and 'Australian' sour orange were the most tolerant species. Among the genotypes, 'Engedi' pummelo presented a specific trait for salt tolerance that has not been previously reported. Taken together, the results suggest that low leaf chloride content can be used as an indicator of salt stress tolerance in citrus genotypes. Exploitation of this indicator will enable the improved evaluation of citrus genetic resources and should lead to the identification of new sources of tolerance for rootstock breeding. (Texte intégral)
The Growth Of Rhizobium in Synthetic Media (1961)

A chemically defined medium for the growth of Rhizobium is described in which populations of up to 5 x 109 cells/ml were obtained. For the six strains of bacteria studied the complete medium supported exponential growth for two to five generations. The concentrations of biotin giving best growth varied ith strain between 125 and 250 f'g/l when the nitrogen source was sodium glutamate. NHt, NOs, and other amino acids, singly or in combination, did not upport as good growth as did sodium glutamate.
Study on Properties of LSGM Electrolyte Made by Tape Casting Method and Applications in SOFC (2006)

Solid oxide fuel cell is attracting more attention in recent years for its lower pollution emission and high energy convert efficiency. La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ is a new kind of electrolyte for intermediate temperature SOFC. In this paper, La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) was prepared by solid state reaction method and formed by tape casting process to make a planar electrolyte. The appropriate amount of the dispersive was obtained by viscosity test. The densities of sintered samples increase with the increasing sintering temperature. It was found that the relative density of electrolyte can approach the value of 95% by the isostatic pressing treatment of the green tape. The average thermal expansion coefficient of the LSGM is 11.4×10-6/℃ at temperature range (200～1200 ℃). Measurements of the current-voltage and power-current characteristics of the H2-Air cell show that the open-circuit voltage is 1.067 V at 800 ℃, peak current density is 0.56 A·cm-2 and the maximum power output is 0.147 W·cm-2.
Design of Auto-Discover Hierarchical Storage Network Topology (2007)

The result of manual design will not always adapt the requirements well when the data nodes of the network storage reach hundreds in amount. Topology design which can build the network storage automatically will solve these problems. After research the Topology structure formed by the Virtual Storage of Wide Area Network, this paper not only detects the deficiencies of existing simple layer module, but also points out the ADHSNT (Automatic Discover Hierarchical Storage Network Topology). Combining the actual traits of the network storage, IP path coalition arithmetic has been brought forward, and adjusted the Topology structure.
Optimal Efficiency as a Design Criterion for Closed Loop Combined Cycle Industrial Cogeneration (2001)

In comparison to conventional industrial cogeneration plants, the closed loop combined cycle cogeneration (CLCC) system has the advantage that it needs virtually no enhancement in steam handling capability of the existing plant, both in terms of steam pressure and volume flow rates. An optimal design procedure is introduced in the paper for configuration of a CLCC system between existing steam headers of an industrial setup. While aiming primarily at maximization of generation efficiency for the CLCC configuration, the design approach simultaneously attempts to configure a suboptimal number of units for each item of cogeneration equipment. The suboptimal (integer) number of units is maintained within a specified suboptima margin of the corresponding optimal (real) number of units that emerges from efficiency maximization. The design procedure relies heavily on a database including all available makes of cogeneration equipment. Consequently, the approach is very much market dependent, as illustrated adequately by a suitable case study.
High-Linearity AlGaN/GaN FinFETs for Microwave Power Applications (2017)

In this letter, we have proposed a novel AlGaN/GaN FinFET featuring T-shaped gate and extremely linearity of transconductance characteristics (Gm). The formation of AlGaN/GaN nano-fins only in the gate opening region is enabled by a developed fabrication process, which is simple and well compatible with the conventional one. When normalized to effective channel width, the fabricated FinFET delivers a 1.45 times higher current density and a 1.66 times higher output power density as high as 11.3 W/mm at 8 GHz compared with the planar HEMTs, along with clearly improved linearity characteristics thanks to a flatter Gm response afforded by much lower source access resistance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of superior power performance of highlinearity GaN FinFETs, indicating significant advantages of tri-gate configuration over planar HEMTs for microwave power applications.
John Deere Power Shift Transmission (1964)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An eight speed, hydraulically controlled, stepped transmission was found to be the closest practical approach to the ideal for agricultural and industrial tractors. This paper describes the means used to obtain maximum reliability and operator acceptance. Proper spacing of speed ratios, automatic programing of modulated shift pressures, and close attention to minimizing torque loss during shifts were found to be of prime importance.</div>
GaAs HBT class-E amplifiers for 2-GHz mobile applications (2005)

This paper discusses practical design aspects of integrated class-E power amplifiers. The described design concepts were applied to the realization of a two-stage GaAs HBT amplifier targeted for WCDMA operation. The fabricated MMIC was packaged in a 12-lead 3/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/ micro lead frame package. The package was mounted onto an FR4 test board containing components needed for matching and bias networks. At the design frequency of 1.95 GHz, the power amplifier delivered an output power of 27.0 dBm with collector and power-added efficiencies (PAE) of 74.5% and 62.5%, respectively. The PAE remains over 60% in the frequency range of 1.7-2.0 GHz.
Principles of Neurology (1977)

This book covers broad aspects of clinical neurology necessary fro clinical practice. The organization is unique, starting from patient approach, cardinal manifestations of neurological disease, to specific neruological diseases. New developments in neurology, such as molecular neurology and genetics, are incorporated in this edition. The inherited metabolic, congenital, developmental, and psychiatric disorders are largely emphasized.
Beta-turn formation in the processing region is important for efficient maturation of Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein by signal peptidase I in vivo. (1994)

Signal peptidase I (also called leader peptidase) is the endopeptidase that removes the signal peptides of most secreted proteins during or after translocation in Escherichia coli. Precursor recognition is contingent in part on the presence of small, uncharged residues in the -3 and -1 positions relative to the cleavage site, and may also depend on the structure of the processing region. Most precursor processing regions include residues likely to form a beta-turn. Mutations were introduced into the processing region of maltose-binding protein (MBP) that altered the prediction of beta-turn formation in this region. MBP species with a decreased probability of beta-turn formation were processed slowly or not at all, whereas MBP species with an increased probability of beta-turn formation were processed efficiently. Mutations altering the prediction of beta-turn formation in the MBP processing region were also made in cis to a proline in the +1 position. Cleavage at the normal processing site is blocked by proline in the +1 position; this MBP species, MBP27-P, inhibits processing of other proteins by signal peptidase I. Decreasing the probability of beta-turn formation in the processing region of MBP27-P eliminated the inhibition of signal peptidase I, and these MBP27-P derivatives remained unprocessed, suggesting that the formation of a beta-turn in the MBP processing region was necessary for recognition by signal peptidase I. Increasing the probability of beta-turn formation in cis to proline at +1 in MBP did not alter recognition of the protein by the processing enzyme. The results presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that the efficiency of recognition and processing by signal peptidase I is increased by the formation of a beta-turn in the processing region of the MBP signal peptide.
A Lab Exercise for Rasterizing Lines (2015)

Rasterizing lines is one of many fundamental topics in an introductory graphics course, with Bresenham's Algorithm particularly well suited for student implementation. By having students complete carefully prepared scaffold code, understanding is reinforced by means of an exercise no more difficult than a short lab assignment. To accomplish this a particular code framework is imposed that allows an instructor to focus student effort on the algorithm while avoiding details of the visualization API.