gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The initial development of motor neurons in the neural tube of rat embryos (2002)

The time of origin of motor neurons and their distribution in the spinal cord was studied in rat embryos by combining whole-embryo culture and the Islet-1 immunostaining technique. Cells immunostained for Islet-1 appeared in the trunk neural tube by 27 hours (corresponding to E10.625) in culture of E9.5 embryos, at which time the cell number of the neural tube in a transverse section was about 200. When the neural tube retarded developmentally by lithium treatment, the time of appearance of the motor neurons was delayed to 33 hours in culture (corresponding to E10.875), but the cell number of the neural tube was about 200. After the initial appearance of motor neurons in the ventral aspect of the neural tube, they distributed in a group in the periphery of the basal plate by 48 hours (corresponding to E11.5) in culture, although in the retarded neural tube the number of motor neurons was small and they did not form a cluster. The percentage of Islet-1-positive cells at the point of the same cell number of the trunk neural tube in the transverse section was higher in the retarded embryos than in controls. These results suggest that motor neurons begin to appear when the cell number of the neural tube in the transverse section becomes about 200 and their initial development is more stable than overall neural tube development.
Changes in the National Electrical Code� for PV Installations (2006)

The National Electrical Codereg (NECreg) is the predominant installation standard for all electrical installations in the U.S. and has been adopted in whole or part by all 50 states. More than 65,000 electrical inspectors in more than 40,000 jurisdictions are charged with enforcing the Code. The ten and one-half-page Article 690 specifically addresses photovoltaic (PV) power systems. More than 60 percent of the rest of the nearly 800 pages of the NEC apply to electrical power system installations including PV systems. An "Industry Forum" consisting of nearly 100 members of the PV industry, utilities, academia, and government agencies reviews all sections of the existing NEC for installation requirements that pertain to PV systems. The forum participants review the existing NEC for system installation requirements and propose consensus improvements or changes consistent with the safe evolution of PV technology. The forum proposed 42 improvements and changes for the 2008 code cycle. The proposals were based on a collaborative process of information exchange between electrical inspectors, PV installers, PV systems designers and integrators, equipment manufacturers, and other members of the PV industry forum. A summary of the proposals, the pertinent impacts and current status is presented
Using Rotating Control Devices Safely in Today's Managed Pressure and Underbalanced Drilling Operations (2004)

Abstract In today's Underbalanced and Managed Pressure Drilling environments the Rotating Control Device (RCD) is no longer simply a flow diverter, but is a key piece of well control equipment and the critical first safety defense to prevent escape of well fluids during critical drilling operations. The RCD should not be considered just another piece of rental equipment to be called out at the last minute. When planning a UBO or MPD well it is important to consider the RCD, and consult with the supplier early in the planning stages. This discussion will attempt to identify the information required to properly select the RCD device and trim, define ancillary equipment needed, and assign responsibilities to various parties to ensure that fit for purpose materials and information are available at the rig site when needed. Procedures and safety precautions for installing the device will be addressed. Operational considerations to insure safety while drilling and maintaining the sealing elements and bearings will also be covered.
DQDB-an access delay analysis (2002)

The distributed queue dual bus is a protocol being considered by the IEEE 802.6 Working Committee for adoption as a metropolitan area network standard. Its primary function is to interconnect LANs over a high-speed physical medium (optical networks) operating at over 100 Mb/s and to support integrated traffic. Although DQDB is a totally distributed and contention-free protocol with throughput very close to one, the access delays experienced by stations vary with their position on the bus, upstream stations on a particular bus experiencing lesser delays compared to downstream stations. The results of simulation runs that compare the access delays experienced by MAC (media access control) stations at different utilization levels and at different priority levels are presented. It is noted that skewing in access delays is experienced by downstream stations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterisation of Milk Proteins in Confectionery Products (1985)

The proteins from milk play an important part in the structural properties of confectionery products. These properties will in turn influence texture and flavour. Electron microscopy techniques have been used to examine milk chocolate, caramel and fudge and to locate and characterise the milk proteins within their structures. Following scanning electron microscopy examination of the products at low temperature, thin sectioning and freeze-fracture were used to resolve the fine ultrastructure of casein and whey proteins. A chocolate prepared from milk crumb could be distinguished from one made with a dry milk powder on the basis of a more even distribution of protein and a high level of association between milk protein and other ingredients. Caramel was seen to be composed of an amorphous sugar support matrix containing numerous fat globules. Milk protein was found frequently associated with fat although the level of association depended on whether casein or whey protein was present. The development of crystal line sugar in fudge caused the milk protein to concentrate within the remaining amorphous sugar regions. Fat/protein associations were not as obvious as those observed in caramel .
<i>Ab initio</i>total energy calculations on parallel computers: application to the Takayanagi reconstruction (1992)

An overview is presented of the method used to parallelize a set of total energy pseudopotential codes on a 64-node i860 Meiko Computing Surface and a 32-node Intel iPSC/860 Hypercube. These codes have been used to calculate the surface energies and relaxed structures of the 3 × 3, 5 × 5 and 7 × 7 Takayanagi reconstructions of the (111) surface of silicon. It is found that the 7 × 7 reconstruction has the lowest energy and that structural trends across the series of reconstructions can be related to the degree of charge transfer from the adatoms to the rest atoms.
Graphing software for medical writers (2014)

The production of high-quality graphical figures of scientific data is an important aspect of medical writing, since the significance of the research findings can be lost to the audience if the data are presented poorly or inaccurately. This review highlights the various requirements that a writer may encounter when preparing data in a graphical format for presentation and gives an overview of 15 graphing software packages that are available on a number of platforms.
HIGH ISOLATION DBR DIPLEXER USING IN-LINE SCMRC (2011)

A new microstrip diplexer with very high output isolation and low insertion losses is presented in this letter. With the adoption of the spiral compact microstrip resonant cell (SCMRC) form into the dual behavior resonator (DBR) microstrip fllter design, a bandpass fllter with high rejection in the upper stopband can be achieved. Therefore, very high output isolation for the diplexer can be realized. Furthermore, the proposed diplexer also has a property of low insertion loss in the passband. To validate the design theory, one demonstrator diplexer has been designed and fabricated; the results indicate that the proposed diplexer has good performance of simple structure, better than 65dB output isolation in the stopband, and less than 1.2dB insertion losses in the passband.
Program partition and logic program analysis (1995)

A program partition scheme for stratified programs introduced by Apt et al. (1988) is used to study efficient computation of logic programs. We consider three types of program partitions and their corresponding graph representations: 1) the natural partition, 2) stratified partitions, and 3) the reduced partition. The natural (program) partition consists of definitions of relations, each definition being a subprogram. Subprograms of a program partition may consist of several relations. A partition graph is introduced for a program partition, each node of which corresponds to a subprogram. The partition graph for a stratified partition is a directed acyclic graph (DAG). A stratified partition decomposes a program into modules. The stratified partition with the maximum number of modules is the reduced partition. The cost to achieve a reduced partition is linear in the program size, using well known graph algorithms. We introduce the modular interpretations, which are equivalent in semantics to the standard interpretation. The modular interpretations offer encapsulation and may reduce the computation cost for some modules significantly. The modular approach can play an important role in query optimization, efficient termination, programming design, and software engineering. We classify query types and answer types then discuss query optimization for some query types. Many efficient query processing strategies are applicable to restricted subclasses of programs. The program partition method allows us to select the most efficient strategy for each module. For example, if a module is a uniformly bounded recursion, then the module can be terminated efficiently. If a module defines the transitive closure, then efficient program transformations may be applied to this module.
High performance capillary electrophoresis method to characterize heparin and heparan sulfate disaccharides (1996)

A rapid, sensitive and accurate high-performance capillary electrophoresis method is described for the determination of the sulfation pattern of heparin and heparan sulfate disaccharides. The analysis, performed after enzymic degradation of the polysaccharides with heparinase and heparinases II and III in combination, yields highly UV-absorbing delta-disaccharides. The separation is performed with reversed polarity using 15 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.50. This method is superior to others since all known 12 disaccharides carrying N-acetylated, N-sulfated or unsubstituent glucosamine can be separated in a single run of 15 min. At the highest sensitivity the analysis consumes only a few femtograms of glycosaminoglycan and allows a determination of delta-disaccharides at the attomole level.
<i>Trans</i>, saturated, and unsaturated fat in foods in the united states prior to mandatory <i>trans</i>‐fat labeling (2004)

On July 11, 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published a final rule amending its food-labeling regulations to require that trans FA be declared in the nutrition label of conventional foods and dietary supplements. The effective date of this final rule is January 1, 2006. This places some urgency on increasing the number and types of currently available foods for which there are trans-fat data. Compositional databases on trans fat content of food are currently limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the trans-fat content of a wide range of foods prior to the effective date of the new regulation. AOAC Official Method of Analysis 996.01 was modified for the analysis of trans fat in noncereal products. Food products for analysis were selected on the basis of market share and data from the USDA's 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Foods were purchased from local supermarkets, weighed, hydrolyzed, converted to FAME, and analyzed by GC. The results showed that trans fat (g/100 g fat) ranged from 0.0 to 48.8 in bread, cake, and related products; from 14.9 to 27.7 in margarines; from 7.7 to 35.3 in cookies and crackers; from 24.7 to 38.2 in frozen potatoes; from 0.0 to 17.1 in salty snacks; from 0.0 to 13.2 in vegetable oils and shortenings; from 0.0 to 2.2 in salad dressings and mayonnaises; and from 0.0 to 2.0 in dry breakfast cereals. Serving sizes for the foods included in this survey ranged from 12 to 161 g, and trans-fat levels ranged from 0.0 to 7.2 g/serving. The significant differences in trans-fat content in products within each food category are due to differences in the type of fats and oils used in the manufacturing processes.
Geodynamics Laser Ranging System: Performance Simulations And Development Of The EOS Facility (2005)

The Geodynamics Laser Ranging System is a NASA provided laser ranging facility for the Earth Observing System. This multicolor laser ranger will be used for studying regional and local scale crustal movements and will provide a capability for height profiling of ice-sheets, land terrains, cloud-tops and other surfaces. Ranging measurements to retroreflector targets will produce intersite distances and relative heights with subcentimeter accuracy over baselines up to several hundred kilometers long. Arrays containing up to a few hundred targets can be surveyed nearly simultaneously. Altimetric profiling can be performed with spatial resolution of 80 m and vertical accuracy of 10 cm with the latter depending on the roughness and slope of the terrain.
Study of Ceramic Slurries for Investment Casting with Ice Patterns (2004)

Ice patterns generated by rapid freeze prototyping or a molding process can be used to make ceramic investment molds for metal castings. Due to the use of ice, the ceramic slurries must be poured around the pattern and cured at sub-freezing temperatures. Success of this process depends greatly on the mold strength after the gelation of the slurries. This paper describes the experimental results of the mold strength after the gelation of the slurries under different compositions. The parameters considered include mixing time, alumino-silicate vs. fused silica ratio, volume of binder, and volume of catalyst. The strength of the gelled slurries is examined by breaking test bars on a four-point bending apparatus. Weibull modulus for each trial is calculated based on the breaking strength from four-point bend tests. Analysis of variance for breaking strength and Weibull analysis is performed to evaluate the significance of the effect of each parameter. The casting of a bolt is used to demonstrate that metal castings of complex geometry can be fabricated using investment casting with ice patterns.
Bandpass filtering effect in tapered asymmetrical twin-core optical fibres (1993)

The spectral coupling characteristics in asymmetrical twincore optical fibres under fusion tapering are investigated experimentally. It is found that appropriate filtering can be achieved by fusion tapering. It is evident that, with suitable choice of tapering length and fibre parameters, it is possible to fabricate economic all-fibre bandpass filtering devices for various applications.
Chronic exogenous insulin and chronic carbohydrate supplementation increase de novo VLDL triglyceride fatty acid production in rats (1997)

We have investigated hepatic de novo lipogenesis and the ratio of apoB-48/apoB-100 during chronic carbohydrate supplementation with or without administration of exogenous insulin in rats. Two groups received chronic (2 weeks) carbohydrate supplementation either as 10% glucose or 10% fructose (wt/v) in their drinking water. Two other groups received exogenous insulin chronically, in addition to the monosaccharides above. The insulin was given for 2 weeks as daily human ultralente insulin injections in increasing doses up to 6 units per day. A fifth group of rats (normal control) received only chow and water. The fractional synthetic rate (FSR), the fraction of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) palmitate that was newly made during an 8-h infusion with sodium [1-13C]acetate, was evaluated. The glucose and fructose groups had a 4-fold (0.60%/h) and 7.5-fold (1.13%/h) increase in FSR from baseline, respectively, compared to chow-fed controls (0.15%/h). Chronic exogenous insulin administration resulted in a 11.5 (1.73%/h) and 11.0 (1.65%/h)-fold increase over baseline in the synthesis of newly made VLDL-TG palmitate in the glucose and fructose groups, respectively. The ratio of apoB-48/apoB-100, i.e. apoB-48 enrichment, in VLDL was positively correlated with insulin levels (r = 0.41, P < 0.01) and with FSR (r = 0.39, P < 0.01). The present study shows that carbohydrate supplementation significantly increases the FSR of newly made VLDL-TG palmitate and that this increase is further augmented by chronic hyperinsulinemia.
The Preparation and Properties of Trifluoroiodoethene<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Properties of Trifluoroiodoethene1J. D. Park, R. J. Seffl, and J. R. LacherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 1, 59–62Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01582a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01582a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunological mimicry between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and cytokeratin peptides. Evidence for a microbially driven anti-keratin antibody response. (1994)

We discovered recently that a subset of mouse anti-streptococcal mAbs cross-reacted with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and certain cytoskeletal proteins, and recognized both carbohydrate and peptide antigenic determinants. To further study the nature and biologic significance of immunologic mimicry between carbohydrate and peptide Ags, eight human hybridomas secreting anti-GlcNAc mAbs were produced by in vitro stimulation of PBL with streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes and pokeweed mitogen. All human anti-GlcNAc mAbs described in this study were shown to express marked cross-reactivity with keratin from human skin in the ELISA and Western immunoblot. Mapping of the mAbs with overlapping synthetic decapeptides of the entire amino acid sequence of human cytokeratin 14 revealed that human anti-GlcNAc mAbs recognized specific cytokeratin decapeptides. Four human anti-GlcNAc mAbs recognized a single cytokeratin decapeptide whereas two mAbs reacted with several individual peptide epitopes in different fragments of cytokeratin 14. In addition, two mAbs, 1.C8 and 9.B12, reacted with multiple cytokeratin decapeptides, predominantly in the head domain of the molecule, and their reactivity correlated with positive binding of the mAbs to cytokeratin 14 in the Western immunoblot and with positive staining of human epidermis in the indirect immunofluorescent assay. Finally, we demonstrated that Abs to keratin and synthetic keratin decapeptides were induced in BALB/c mice immunized with GlcNAc-BSA but not with BSA, suggesting that the anti-keratin Ab response in vivo may be driven by nonkeratin Ags containing terminal O-linked GlcNAc.
Locating car license plates using neural networks (1999)

The authors present a method for locating car license plates using neural networks. Neural networks are used as filters for analysing small windows of an image and deciding whether each window contains a license plate. A post-processor combines these filtered images and gives the final location of the license plates. The method offers robustness when dealing with noisy images. Tests with car images travelling on the road and at the entrance of a car park showed extraction rates of 99 and 97.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed method works well with real-world situations.
POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS (2002)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPOLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERSThin-film properties can be finely tuned through layer-by-layer assemblyMICHAEL FREEMANTLEView Author Information C&EN LONDONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80, 18, 44Publication Date (Print):May 6, 2002Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 6 May 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v080n018.p044https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n018.p044newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Polymers,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Markedly elevated neonatal immunoreactive trypsinogen levels in the absence of cystic fibrosis gene mutations is not an indication for further testing (2005)

Only a small proportion of babies with a neonatal IRT >99th centile have CF. Additional CF testing for infants with an elevated IRT but no CFTR gene mutation has an extremely low yield, no matter how high the IRT result.