gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient VLSI layouts for homogeneous product networks (1997)

In this paper, we develop generalized methods to layout homogeneous product networks with any number of dimensions, and analyze their VLSI complexity by deriving upper and lower bounds on the area and maximum wire length. In the literature, lower bounds are generally obtained by computing lower bounds on the bisection width or the crossing number of the network being laid out. In this paper, we define a new measure that we call "maximal congestion", that can be used to obtain both the bisection width and the crossing number, thereby unifying the two approaches. Upper bounds are traditionally obtained by constructing layouts based on separators or bifurcators. Both methods have the basic limitation that they are applicable only for graphs with bounded vertex degree. The separators approach generally yields good layouts when good separators can be found, but it is difficult to find a good separator for an arbitrary graph. The bifurcators approach is easier to apply, but it generally yields larger area and wire lengths. We show how to obtain "strong separators" as well as bifurcators for any homogeneous product network, as long as the factor graph has bounded vertex degree. We illustrate application of both methods to layout a number of interesting product networks. Furthermore, we introduce a new layout method for product networks based on the combination of collinear layouts. This method is more powerful than the two methods above because it is applicable even when the factor graph has unbounded vertex degree. It also yields smaller area than the earlier methods. In fact, our method has led to the optimal area for all of the homogeneous product networks we considered in this paper with one exception, which is very close to optimal. In regards to wire lengths, the results obtained by our method turned out to be the best of the three methods for all the examples we considered, again subject to one (and the same) exception. We give an extensive variety of such examples.
Immune Responses to Varicella-Zoster in the Aged (1982)

Skin test reactivity and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to varicella-zoster (VZ) were examined in a large normal population ranging in age from 6 months to 93 years. Warning of cellular immunity, as examined by skin delayed hypersensitivity, began at age 40 years. Skin test responses to phytohemagglutinin, however, remained positive into the eighth decade of life. In vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to VZ were usually positive (stimulation index greater than or equal to 2.5) until age 60 years, after which time levels, as observed with nonimmune individuals, were often demonstrated. Antibody levels, as measured by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen, remained positive into the ninth and tenth decades of life. This was especially so with a history of reactivation (zoster) VZ infections, while skin test and in vitro responses were rarely positive in those individuals. This cellular, as contrasted with humoral, immunity decreases with advancing age, which may account for a propensity to reactivation of VZ virus.
Study on the Preparation and Cooking Properties of Thermostable Vegetable Gel (2013)

野菜のピューレを耐熱性ゲル化剤で成型した “野菜ゲル” の調理への適性を検討した．野菜ゲルはジェランガム1～2%，乳酸カルシウム0.6%，ニンジンピューレ50%，乳酸カルシウムを溶解する水10%，ニンジン搾り液からなるものを使用した．ジェランガム使用野菜ゲルを0～4%のNaCl溶液中で沸騰状態および90°Cで加熱すると，沸騰した0.5% NaClで加熱すると大きく煮崩れたが，食塩濃度が高いほど崩れが減少し，また90°Cではいずれの調味液中でも90分間経過しても崩れなかった．NaCl約4%相当の調味液で20分間沸騰加熱し煮物を調製した場合はほとんど崩れなかった．本研究の野菜ゲルは，野菜を含み品質一定な食材として，調理加工において有用であることが示唆された．
Polymorphism of the migration of double-stranded RNA genome segments of avian reoviruses (1982)

A number of field isolates of avian reovirus were characterized by analysis of the migration pattern of their genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the various isolates has demonstrated (i) no relationship between serotype and migration of any individual dsRNA segment, (ii) marked polymorphism of migration patterns of all dsRNA segments among isolates of the same serotype as well as among different serotypes, (iii) no correlation between genotype and disease state, (iv) less marked variability in migration pattern from isolates within a restricted geographic locale compared to isolates from distant locales, (v) the presence of a single genotype in local outbreaks of disease, and (vi) the relative invariant migration of several dsRNA segments among the avian reoviruses, one of which (S1) may serve to distinguish the avian from the mammalian reoviruses.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Di(n‐butyl)tin and Di(n‐octyl)tin Dihalides by the Direct Synthesis Method. (1988)

Abstract Dialkyltin halides such as (III) or (V) are prepared by direct reaction of the appropriate alkyl halide with metallic tin (I) under various conditions.
Comparative diagnosis of tyre pressures (1994)

Though the reliability of car tyres has been improved in the recent years, a loss in tyre pressure still causes a lot of accidents. Current systems for detection of a tyre pressure drop have not been applied so far, because they either require too expensive sensors, or they work correctly only in limited driving situations, like in straight runs with constant speed. In this paper a new approach is presented requiring only the exact measurement of the four wheel speeds, which are available in all cars having ABS-systems. The algorithm is able to detect a tyre pressure loss during straight runs as well as in turns. By detecting strong accelerations of the car, false alarms can be prevented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evidence for an Association of High Blood Pressure and Hyperinsulinemia in Obese Man (1986)

An association between hyperinsulinemia and hypertension has been suggested by epidemiological surveys. To assess whether this association is independent of the presence of other hyperinsulinemic states, such as obesity and glucose intolerance, we measured the insulin response to oral glucose in a group of middle-aged moderately obese [144 +/- 4% overweight (mean +/- SEM)] patients (n = 18) with essential hypertension (174 +/- 5/104 +/- 2 mm Hg) and normal glucose tolerance. Normotensive subjects (n = 17) with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and degree of overweight, served as the control group. The mean insulin response to glucose was twice as high in the hypertensive patients (25.8 +/- 0.2 mU/ml X 2 h) as in the normotensive subjects (11.3 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.001), yet the glucose incremental area was 3-fold higher in the former (10.9 +/- 1.0 g/dl X 2 h) than in the latter (3.5 +/- 0.7; P less than 0.001), thus indicating more severe insulin resistance. In the hypertensive group, systolic blood pressure levels were directly correlated with the 2-h plasma insulin values (r = 0.75; P less than 0.001). Furthermore, the 2-h plasma insulin value and the degree of overweight accounted for 65% of the variation in the systolic blood pressure in a multiple regression model (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). We conclude that in obesity, the occurrence of hypertension marks the presence of additional hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, independent of any impairment of glucose tolerance.
Estimation of ambient light and transmission map with common convolutional architecture (2016)

This paper presents a method for effective ambient light and transmission estimation in underwater images using a common convolutional network architecture. The estimated ambient light and the transmission map are used to dehaze the underwater images. Dehazing underwater images is especially challenging due to the unknown and significantly varying ambient light in underwater environments. Unlike common dehazing methods, the proposed method is capable of estimating ambient light along with the transmission map thereby improving the reconstruction quality of the dehazed images. We evaluate the dehazing performance of the proposed method on real underwater images and also compare our method to current state-of-the-art techniques.
Hand book of the laboratory mouse (1975)

Handbook on the laboratory mouse , Handbook on the laboratory mouse , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Pol III Promoters to Express Small RNAs: Delineation of Transcription Initiation (2014)

Pol III promoters such as U6 are commonly used to express small RNAs, including small interfering RNA, short hairpin RNA, and guide RNA, for the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats genome-editing system. However, whether the small RNAs were precisely expressed as desired has not been studied. Here, using deep sequencing to analyze small RNAs, we show that, for mouse U6 promoter, sequences immediately upstream of the putative initiation site, which is often modified to accommodate the restriction enzyme sites that enable easy cloning of small RNAs, are critical for precise transcription initiation. When the promoter is kept unmodified, transcription starts precisely from the first available A or G within the range of positions -1 to +2. In addition, we show that transcription from another commonly used pol III promoter, H1, starts at multiple sites, which results in variability at the 5' end of the transcripts. Thus, inaccuracy of 5' end of small RNA transcripts might be a common problem when using these promoters to express small RNAs based on currently believed concepts. Our study provides general guidelines for minimizing the variability of initiation, thereby enabling more accurate expression of small RNAs.
Correlation of chromosome abnormalities with laboratory features and clinical course in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (1990)

141 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) have been studied for a minimum of 12 months and a maximum of 25 years. 30 of 133 patients (32.5%) had greater than 10% FMC7 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and 19 of 131 patients (14.5%) had a serum or urinary paraprotein. At presentation 88 patients were stage A0, 18 A1, 18 A2, 11 B and six C. 44 (31%) had progressive disease and 42 (30%) died during the study period. 63 patients had a normal karyotype, 75 a clonal abnormality and in three no metaphases were obtained. The finding of a complex karyotypic abnormality was significantly associated with lambda surface phenotype (P less than 0.01), the presence of greater than 10% FMC7 positive cells (P less than 0.025), and the presence of a paraprotein (P = 0.025). Patients whose leukaemic cells had a complex karyotype and those with structural abnormalities of chromosomes 14 and 6 required treatment earlier than those with a normal karyotype.
Actinic keratoses in renal transplant recipients do not improve with calcipotriol cream and all-trans retinoic acid cream as monotherapies or in combination during a 6-week treatment period (2002)

Contains fulltext : 142775.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Tributyltin Cyanide, a Novel Reagent for the Stereoselective Preparation of 3-Amino-2-hydroxy Acids via Cyanohydrin Intermediates (1989)

Reaction of tributyltin cyanide with optically active 2-N-benzyloxyearbonylamino aldehydes 1 gives the corresponding O-tributylstannyl cyanohydrins 2 and 3 stereoselectively. Compounds 2 and 3 are transformed in situ into the methyl 3-N-benzoyloxycarbonyl-amino-2-hydroxy esters 4 and 5, respectively, via the imidate hydrochloride intermediates. Saponification of 4 and 5 provide 3-amino-2-hydroxy acids 6 and 7, respectively, key intermediates in the preparation of Bestatin, Amastatin, and analogues.
Release of bioactive human growth hormone from a biodegradable material: Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (1998)

We have characterized the biodegradable material poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) as a delivery system for recombinant human growth hormone (hGH). Two contrasting methods for the manufacture of the biomaterial were investigated: namely, solvent casting and solvent casting particulate leaching; the latter yielded porous PCL discs. The degree of porosity, which was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, could be controlled by incorporating selected concentrations of particulate sodium chloride during the manufacturing process. Bioactive hGH released from the PCL preparations was quantified with a highly sensitive and precise bioassay which was based upon hGH activation of rat lymphoma Nb2 cells. Eluates obtained from control discs of PCL which had not been loaded with hGH proved to be nontoxic when tested on these cells. The release of bioactive hGH from hormone-loaded nonporous discs of PCL was found to be a direct function of the initial hormone loading dose. Increased porosity of the discs manufactured by solvent casting particulate leaching increased the delivery of hGH from discs which had been immersion loaded. However, hGH release after surface loading was independent of porosity. Hormone concentrations were also assessed by immunoassay so that the ratios of bio- to immunoactivity (B:I ratio) of the hormone release could be determined. We found that the B:I ratio of the hormone after release from unstored discs was identical to that of the hormone prior to its incorporation into the PCL, demonstrating that the mild incorporation procedures utilized had not adversely affected the structural integrity of the hormone. However, if the hormone-loaded discs were stored at 37°C prior to elution, the B:I ratios of the hGH released decreased indicating that this compromised the bioactive site. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 204–213, 1998
Functional classification and orthopaedic management of spinal muscular atrophy (1981)

The majority of patients with chronic infantile and juvenile forms of spinal muscular atrophy survive to adult life. Forty-four patients have been reviewed at an average of 17 years after diagnosis. The subdivision of patients into four groups, based on the maximal physical function developed by the individual, correlates well with the onset and severity of secondary deformity of the limbs and spine. This information allows anticipation of the problems and plans for their treatment to be made from early childhood. After analysis of the orthotic and surgical treatment received by these patients, a specific programme of care is recommended for each of the functional groups.
Mutation spectrum of the 9q34 tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. (2003)

Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 9 are the most common genetic alteration in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Several regions of deletion on 9q have been mapped by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis, one of which encompasses one of the two loci for tuberous sclerosis, TSC1, at 9q34. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant condition in which affected individuals develop benign tumors (hamartomas) in many organs. There is a small increase in risk of renal cell carcinoma (<2%), but the hamartomas are of stromal origin and patients do not develop an excess of epithelial malignancies. However, during a search for candidate bladder tumor suppressor genes within the 9q34 region of LOH, we previously found a small number of mutations of TSC1, raising the possibility that this represents a bladder tumor suppressor. Here, we have carried out mutation analysis of 62 bladder tumors and 33 bladder tumor-derived cell lines to establish the frequency and spectrum of TSC1 mutations in TCC. Twelve percent of samples contained mutations. We found 10 somatic mutations, 9 of which are novel mutations not found previously in TSC cases. Two of these were missense mutations, a type of change only rarely observed in the germ line in TSC. We also identified a bladder tumor patient carrying a germ-line mutation but with no symptoms of TSC. The tumor in this case and in two other cases with somatic mutations retained the wild-type allele. Thus 3 cases with mutation retained heterozygosity for TSC1 despite our selection of tumors mostly with 9q LOH (>80%) for the study. This may indicate that haploinsufficiency for TSC1 can contribute to the development of bladder cancer and, if so, that the LOH of TSC1 observed in >50% of TCCs is biologically significant.
Motion Planning for Camera Movements in Virtual Environments (2003)

When users navigate through a virtual environment they often directly control the camera. Such direct control is dicult for inexperienced users and results in rather ugly camera motions that easily lead to motion sickness. In this paper we describe a new tech-nique for automatic generation of camera motion using motion planning techniques from robotics. In this approach the user simply species a required goal position (and orienta-tion) using e.g. a map, and the system automatically computes a smooth camera motion from the current position and orientation to the required position (and orientation). As preprocessing the approach uses the probabilistic roadmap method to compute a roadmap through the environment. When a camera motion is required a path is obtained from the roadmap which is then improved by various smoothing techniques to satisfy camera con-straints. The method has successfully been integrated in a system for walkthroughs in architectural designs and urban planning. 1
On a Theorem of Irreversible Thermodynamics (1952)

A relation is obtained between the parameter describing the irreversible response of a driven dissipative system and the spontaneous fluctuations of the thermodynamic extensive parameters of the system in equilibrium. The development given in this paper extends the theorem, previously proven in the statistical mechanical domain, to the macroscopic thermodynamic domain.
Initial clinical experience with telemetrically adjustable gastric banding. (2006)

This initial study shows that the new telemetrically adjustable gastric banding device is implanted and operated safely, allows for atruamatic band adjustments with superior patient comfort, and leads to early excess weight loss comparable to that achieved by other gastric bands. Longer-term follows and larger population studies are needed to establish the final safety and performance profile of the telemetric gastric band.
Chemical studies of some plant wastes from Ghana (1974)

Abstract The proximate composition of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron levels of the peels and trunk from banana and plantain plants and cocoa husk are reported. The samples were all characterised by high moisture content ranging from 78 g/100 g ripe plantain peel to 94 g/100 g for fresh plantain trunk. The peels and trunk of plantain and banana plants were poor sources of phosphorus and sodium but rich in iron and potassium. Plantain trunk contained 5 g of potassium per 100 g of dry sample. Because of their high potassium content the peels of banana fruit and the trunk of banana and plantain plants are recommended as additional raw materials for indigenous soap making in Ghana.
Forest Fire Prediction System using Machine Learning (2020)

predict the hazard of fire occurrence.
Efficient Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Low-power Digital Signal Processor (2011)

RSA(Rivest, Shamir and Adleman)is being used as a public key exchange and key agreement tool for many years. Due to large numbers involved in RSA, there is need for more efficient methods in implementation for public key cryptosystems. Elliptic Curve Cryptography(ECC) is based on elliptic curves defined over a finite field. Elliptic curve cryptosystems(ECC) were discovered by Victor Miller and Neal Koblitz in 1985.This paper comprises of five sections. Section I is introduction to ECC and its components. Section II describes advantages of ECC schemes and its comparison with RSA. Section III is about some of the applications of ECC. Section IV gives some embedded implementations of ECC. Section V contains ECC implementation on fixed point Digital Signal Processor(TMS320VC5416). ECC was implemented using general purpose microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) before this work. DSP is more powerful than microcontrollers and much economical than FPGA. So this implementation can be efficiently utilized in low-power applications.
Target design of an archival electron beam memory (1982)

A new concept for archival electron beam accessed memory has recently been proposed. In the write mode, a high intensity electron beam selectively melts columnar bits in a two-dimensional lattice which is supported by a thin membrane. The force of surface tension transforms the melted columns into droplets. In the read mode, a low intensity beam interrogates the bits. Transmission contrast is generated by the difference in cross-sectional area of the columnar and spherical bits. We study the relationship between physical target parameters and system performance of such a memory. Monte-Carlo simulation of the electron beam-target interaction has been used to design a target consistent with the following system performance goals: (a) 107 bit/sec data rate, (b) 1010 bit/cm2 data density, and (c) 10−9 error rate.
The regulatory role of DR4 in a spontaneous diabetes DQ8 transgenic model (2001)

MHC class II molecules are critical determinants of genetic susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes. In patients, the most common haplotype contains the DRA1*0101-DRB1*0401 (DR4) and DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (DQ8) loci. To assess directly the relative roles of HLA-DQ8 and DR4 for diabetes development in vivo, we generated C57BL/6 transgenic mice that lack endogenous mouse MHC class II molecules but express HLA-DQ8 and/or DR4. Neither HLA-DQ nor HLA-DR transgenic mice developed insulitis or spontaneous diabetes. However, when they were crossed to transgenic mice (C57BL/6) expressing the B7.1 costimulatory molecules on pancreatic beta cells that do not normally develop diabetes, T cells from these double transgenic mice were no longer tolerant to islet autoantigens. The majority of DQ8/RIP-B7 mice developed spontaneous diabetes, whereas only 25% of DR4/RIP-B7 mice did so. Interestingly, when DQ8 and DR4 were coexpressed (DQ8DR4/RIP-B7), only 23% of these mice developed diabetes, an incidence indistinguishable from the DR4/RIP-B7 mice. T cells from both DR4/RIP-B7 and DQ8DR4/RIP-B7 mice, unlike those from DQ8/RIP-B7 mice, exhibited a Th2-like phenotype. Thus, the expression of DR4 appeared to downregulate DQ8-restricted autoreactive T cells in DQ8DR4/RIP-B7 mice. Our data suggest that although both DQ8 and DR4 can promote spontaneous diabetes in mice with a non-autoimmune-prone genetic background, the diabetogenic effect of the DQ8 allele is much greater, whereas DR4 expression downregulates the diabetogenic effect of DQ8, perhaps by enhancing Th2-like immune responses.
SMS-FESTIVAL - a New TTS Framework (2007)

A new sinusoidal model based engine for FESTIVAL TTS system which performs the DSP (Digital Signal Processing) operations (i.e. converting a phonetic input into audio signal) of a diphone-based TTS concatenative system, taking as input the NLP (Natural Language Processing) data (a sequence of phonemes with length and intonation values elaborated from the text script) computed by FESTIVAL is described. The engine aims to be an alternative to MBROLA and makes use of SMS (“Spectral Modeling Synthesis”) representation, implemented with the CLAM (C++ Library for Audio and Music) framework. This program will be released with open source license (GPL), and will compile everywhere gcc and CLAM do (i.e.: Windows, Linux and Mac OS X operating systems).