gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Candida and candidiasis in HIV-infected patients (2012)

In this era of efficacious antiretroviral therapy and consequent immune reconstitution, oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis (OPC and OEC) still remain two clinically relevant presentations in the global HIV setting. Both diseases are predominantly caused by Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus which is a commensal microbe in the healthy individual but can become an aggressive pathogen in a debilitated host. Actually, C. albicans commensalism is not the result of a benign behavior of one of the many components of human microbiota, but rather the result of host's potent innate and adaptive immune responses that restrict the growth of a potentially dangerous microrganism on the epithelia. An important asset guarding against the fungus is the Th17 functional subset of T helper cells. The selective loss of these cells with the progression of HIV infection causes the decay of fungal containment on the oral epithelium and allows C. albicans to express its pathogenic potential. An important part of this potential is represented by mechanisms to evade host immunity and enhance inflammation and immunoactivation. In C. albicans, these mechanisms are mostly incorporated into and expressed by characteristic morphogenic transitions such as the yeast-to-hyphal growth and the white-to-opaque switch. In addition, HIV infection generates an 'environment' selecting for overexpression of the virulence potential by the fungus, particularly concerning the secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps). These enzymes can degrade critical host defense components such as complement and epithelial defensive proteins such as histatin-5 and E-cadherin. It appears that part of this enhanced Candida virulence could be induced by the binding of the fungus to HIV and/or induced by HIV proteins such as GP160 and tat. Both OPC and OEC can be controlled by old and new antimycotics, but in the absence of host collaboration, anticandidal therapy may become ineffective in the long run. For these reasons, new therapeutics targeting virulence factors and specific immune interventions are being addressed. Among these new approaches, vaccination is a promising one. Two subunit vaccines based on antigens dominantly expressed by C. albicans in vivo, that is the Als3 adhesin and Sap2, have recently undergone phase 1 clinical trials. Overall, studies of Candida and candidiasis in the HIV-positive patient while certainly contributing to a more effective control of the microorganism may also provide useful information on HIV-host relationship itself that can assist the fight against the virus.
Experimental evaluation of cooperative adaptive cruise control with autonomous mobile robots (2017)

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is made possible with connected vehicles to achieve tight vehicle following. Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication can provide information that is not present using available in-vehicle sensors and can aid the development of better control strategies for following. Current theoretical and experimental studies have shown that CACC systems reduce the inter-vehicle headway as compared to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems while guaranteeing string stability, i.e., gap-keeping error doesn't propagate throughout the platoon. This paper focuses on implementation of a CACC system on unmanned ground robots. The step response for the transfer function of the CACC system equals a step input and thus demands zero rise time. Our robot platooning experiment results have demonstrated the advantages of CACC over ACC in maintaining a small inter-vehicle headway.
The role of ResA in type II cytochrome <i>c</i> maturation (2005)

Numerous bacterial proteins involved in the nitrogen cycle, and other processes, require c-type haem as a cofactor. c-type cytochromes are formed by covalent attachment of haem to the conserved CXXCH motif. Here, we briefly review what is presently known about cytochrome c maturation in Bacillus subtilis with particular emphasis on the crystal structures of ResA.
Time-resolved diffuse optical tomography system using an accelerated inverse problem solver (2018)

A computationally efficient time-resolved diffuse optical tomography (TR-DOT) prototype was demonstrated using an accelerated inverse problem solver to reconstruct high quality 3D images of highly scattering media such as tissues. The inverse problem solver utilizes seven well-defined points on each experimentally recorded histogram of the distribution time-of-flight (DToF). In this work, the accuracy of the recovered optical properties, and the computational load and time of TR-DOT prototype were investigated using cylindrical turbid phantoms. These phantoms were measured using transmittance geometry under different conditions in multiple experiments to evaluate the performance of this prototype. Overall, the results of evaluation are important in the realization of a real-time and highly accurate TR-DOT system for diffuse optical imaging applications.
MIMO polarization diversity antenna with ultra-wide bandwidth and small size (2010)

A wide-band, small-size, tri-axial antenna is described for MIMO polarization diversity systems. Polarization diversity has gained increasing attention as a MIMO discriminator. This antenna provides polarization diversity by using three co-located orthogonal antenna radiating elements, which are also impedance matched over close to an octave (2:1) frequency band. This offers efficient transmission and reception over an extremely wide frequency band. One of the elements has an impedance bandwidth of more than 10:1. The total antenna size is less than ¼ wavelengths at the lowest frequency of operation. Test results are included to show measured gain patterns and frequency bandwidth.
Synthesis of β-lactams by photolytic Wolff rearrangement (1973)

3-Diazo-5-methylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione (5) undergoes a Wolff rearrangement when irradiated in the presence of t-butyl carbazate to give cis- and trans-β-lactam derivatives [(6) and (7)]. The (Z)-adduct (8) derived from the dione (5) by the addition of acetylenedicarboxylic esters gives both the (E)- and the (Z)-trans-β-lactams [(10) and (11)] when irradiated for a short time in the presence of t-butyl carbazate. but on prolonged irradiation the (E)-trans-β-lactam (10) is generated exclusively. Benzyl 6-diazo-5,7-dioxohexahydropyrrolizine-3-carboxylate (16; R = CH2Ph). when irradiated at low temperature in the presence of β-methylphenethyl carbazate gives the 7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivative (17; R = CH2Ph), which, as expected, is a highly reactive system.
Electrochemical Behavior of Calix[6]Arene-Based Supramolecular Models of Copper Enzymes (2008)

A supramolecular model of mononuclear Cu active site of copper enzymes was elaborated, [Cu(II)(calix[6]tren)(L)]2+; the retention of guest molecules in its calixarene cone during Cu (II)/Cu(I) redox transformations and reactivity of its reduced form of this new complex [Cu(I)(calix[6]tren)(L)]+ with O2 have been studied in CH3CN, PhCN and CH2Cl2.
DNA Aberrations of Bladder Mucosa in Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinomas (1984)

DNA aberrations in bladder mucosa have been investigated in altogether 26 patients with aneuploid WHO grade 2 and 3 tumours (transitional cell carcinomas; TCC). In about 1/4 of the patients aneuploid cells were found only in the tumour. Hypotetraploid tumours showed the lowest frequency of involvement of the normal appearing mucosa of the trigone (43%). In hypertriploid tumours the corresponding value was 71%. In altogether 14 of the patients, the same type of aneuploid cells was found in the normal appearing mucosa as in the tumour. This indicates frequent involvement of the whole bladder mucosa in the tumour disease. In about 1/4 of the cases other types of ploidy aberrations were found in the normal appearing mucosa than in the tumour. This is indicative of preneoplastic changes in the mucosa, of which only one type of aberrations is associated with tumour growth. In some cases with multiple tumours of the bladder, all the tumours had the same aneuploid stemline, while in other cases the tumours were of different aneuploid stemlines. This is conformal with other reports of atypia in the surrounding mucosa in TCC and with the concept that recurrence of high grade tumours is the consequence of neoplastic involvement of the whole bladder.
Nanoparticle aggregation controlled by desalting kinetics (2010)

We report the formation of stable nanoparticle-polymer clusters obtained by electrostatic complexation. The nanoparticles placed under scrutiny are nanoceria (CeO2) coated by short poly(acrylic acid) moieties, whereas the polymers are cationic-neutral block copolymers. The cluster formation was monitored using different formulation pathways, including direct mixing, dialysis, dilution and quenching. In the first process, the hybrids were obtained by mixing stock solutions of polymers and nanoparticles. Dialysis and dilution were based on controlled desalting kinetics according to methods developed in molecular biology. The fourth process consisted in a rapid dilution of the salted dispersions and as such it was regarded as a quench of the cluster kinetics. We have found that one key parameter that controls the kinetics of formation of electrostatic clusters is the rate dIS/dt at which the salt is removed from the solution, where IS denotes the ionic strength. With decreasing IS, the electrostatically screened polymers and nanoparticles system undergo an abrupt transition between an unassociated and a clustered state. By tuning the desalting kinetics, the size of the clusters was varied from 100 nm to over 1 micrometer. At low ionic strength, the clusters were found to be kinetically frozen. It is proposed that the onset of aggregation is driven by the desorption-adsorption transition of the polymers onto the surfaces of the particles.
Suppression of Shubnikov<i>–</i>de Haas resistance oscillations due to selective population or detection of Landau levels: Absence of inter-Landau-level scattering on macroscopic length scales (1989)

The Shubnikov--de Haas resistance oscillations of a wide two-dimensional electron gas are suppressed dramatically when current is injected with a quantum point contact which does not populate the upper Landau level. A similar suppression is observed when a quantum point contact is used as a voltage probe which does not detect the upper Landau level. The results are explained with a model in which the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations arise from backscattering of electrons in the upper Landau level. It is shown that quantum ballistic transport in high magnetic fields can occur on length scales larger than 200 \ensuremath{\mu}m.
Position-dependent inhibition of class-switch recombination by PGK-<i>neo</i><sup>r</sup>cassettes inserted into the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region locus (1999)

The Ig heavy chain (IgH) constant region (CH) genes are organized from 5' to 3' in the order Cmicro, Cdelta, Cgamma3, Cgamma1, Cgamma2b, Cgamma2a, Cepsilon, and Calpha. Expression of CH genes downstream of Cdelta involves class-switch recombination (CSR), a process that is targeted by germ-line transcription (GT) of the corresponding CH gene. Previously, we demonstrated that insertion of a PGK-neor cassette at two sites downstream of Calpha inhibits, in cultured B cells, GT of and CSR to a subset of CH genes (including Cgamma3, Cgamma2a, Cgamma2b, and Cepsilon) that lie as far as 120 kb upstream. Here we show that insertion of the PGK-neor cassette in place of sequences in the Igamma2b locus inhibits GT of and CSR to the upstream Cgamma3 gene, but has no major effect on the downstream Cgamma2a and Cepsilon genes. Moreover, replacement of the Cepsilon exons with a PGK-neor cassette in the opposite transcriptional orientation also inhibits, in culture, GT of and CSR to the upstream Cgamma3, Cgamma2b, and Cgamma2a genes. As with the PGK-neor insertions 3' of Calpha studied previously, the Cgamma1 and Calpha genes were less affected by these mutations both in culture and in mice, whereas the Cgamma2b gene appeared less affected in vivo. Our findings support the existence of a long-range 3' IgH regulatory region required for GT of and CSR to multiple CH genes and suggest that PGK-neor cassette insertion into the locus short circuits the ability of this region to facilitate GT of dependent CH genes upstream of the insertion.
Differential Subcellular Localization Regulates Oncogenic Signaling by ROS1 Kinase Fusion Proteins (2018)

Chromosomal rearrangements involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are a clinically relevant oncogenic mechanism in human cancers. These chimeric oncoproteins often contain the C-terminal kinase domain of the RTK joined <i>in cis</i> to various N-terminal, nonkinase fusion partners. The functional role of the N-terminal fusion partner in RTK fusion oncoproteins is poorly understood. Here, we show that distinct N-terminal fusion partners drive differential subcellular localization, which imparts distinct cell signaling and oncogenic properties of different, clinically relevant ROS1 RTK fusion oncoproteins. SDC4-ROS1 and SLC34A2-ROS1 fusion oncoproteins resided on endosomes and activated the MAPK pathway. CD74-ROS1 variants that localized instead to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) showed compromised activation of MAPK. Forced relocalization of CD74-ROS1 from the ER to endosomes restored MAPK signaling. ROS1 fusion oncoproteins that better activate MAPK formed more aggressive tumors. Thus, differential subcellular localization controlled by the N-terminal fusion partner regulates the oncogenic mechanisms and output of certain RTK fusion oncoproteins. SIGNIFICANCE: ROS1 fusion oncoproteins exhibit differential activation of MAPK signaling according to subcellular localization, with ROS1 fusions localized to endosomes, the strongest activators of MAPK signaling.
Comparison of sun protection modalities in parents and children. (2012)

8601 Background: Routine sun protection is recommended to prevent skin cancer. Our aims were to examine and compare, in an observational survey, modalities of sun protection in parents and their children. Methods: This French nationwide observational survey, EDIFICE melanoma, was conducted through phone interviews among a representative sample of 1502 subjects aged ≥ 18 years old, using the quota method. The survey took place shortly after summer, from 28 Sep 2011 to 20 Oct 2011. Results: 1502 subjects were interviewed. Among them 1067 reported that they were sun-exposed (SE) at least ten days per year, 748 were parents, and 319 had no children. Sun protection measures seemed well done both in “parents” and “nonparents” groups: 74% used clothing; 43% used sunscreen, which was regularly renewed in 57% of cases. Sun protection measures used by SE parents for SE children were superior, both qualitatively and quantitatively to those used for themselves, ie 50% of parents reported using clothing, sunglasses and hat for their children vs 23% for themselves. In 87% of cases, parents reported regular re-application of sunscreen for their children vs 44% for themselves. The sunscreen SPF (Sun Protection Factor) was significantly lower for parents than for their children. Such data are in accordance with Buller et al. (Oncol Nurs Forum 1995), but contrast with the findings of Riordan et al. (J Pediatr 2003) with children being significantly less likely to wear sunglasses and to adopt sun avoidance habits than their parents. Conclusions: Sun protection awareness seems globally satisfying in the French population, with no difference between adult parents and nonparents, and is similar to that reported in Germany (Gambicher JEADV 2010), but seems better than in the US (Buller et al. JAAD 2011). Furthermore, French parents use sun protective measures qualitatively and quantitatively more efficiently for their children than for themselves.
An IL-2-grafted antibody immunotherapy with potent efficacy against metastatic cancer (2020)

Modified interleukin-2 (IL-2) formulations are being tested in cancer patients. However, IL-2 immunotherapy damages IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-positive endothelial cells and stimulates IL-2Rα (CD25)-expressing lymphocytes that curtail anti-tumor responses. A first generation of IL-2Rβ (CD122)-biased IL-2s addressed some of these drawbacks. Here, we present a second-generation CD122-biased IL-2, developed by splitting and permanently grafting unmutated human IL-2 (hIL-2) to its antigen-binding groove on the anti-hIL-2 monoclonal antibody NARA1, thereby generating NARA1leukin. In comparison to hIL-2/NARA1 complexes, NARA1leukin shows a longer in vivo half-life, completely avoids association with CD25, and more potently stimulates CD8<sup>+</sup> T and natural killer cells. These effects result in strong anti-tumor responses in various pre-clinical cancer models, whereby NARA1leukin consistently surpasses the efficacy of hIL-2/NARA1 complexes in controlling metastatic disease. Collectively, NARA1leukin is a CD122-biased single-molecule construct based on unmutated hIL-2 with potent efficacy against advanced malignancies.
Activities in the Chromium–Nickel System (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivities in the Chromium–Nickel SystemM. B. Panish, R. F. Newton, W. R. Grimes, and F. F. BlankenshipCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 8, 980–982Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150566a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j150566a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nonlinear and magic ponderomotive spectroscopy (2015)

In ponderomotive spectroscopy an amplitude-modulated optical standing wave is employed to probe Rydberg-atom transitions, utilizing a ponderomotive rather than a dipole-field interaction. Here, we engage nonlinearities in the modulation to drive dipole-forbidden transitions up to the fifth order. We reach transition frequencies approaching the sub-THz regime. We also demonstrate magic-wavelength conditions, which result in symmetric spectral lines with a Fourier-limited feature at the line center. Applicability to precision measurement is discussed.
A DFT Study of Tin‐ and Crown‐Ether‐Based Host Molecules Capable of Binding Anions and Cations Simultaneously (2003)

Abstract DFT calculations are reported for a series of tin‐ and crown‐ether‐based host compounds {i.e., the trimethyl derivatives [18]‐crown‐6‐C 6 H 3 COOSn(CH 3 ) 3 and [15]‐crown‐5‐C 6 H 3 COOSn(CH 3 ) 3 } capable of binding cations and anions simultaneously. The B3LYP functional together with the 6‐31G* basis set was used for the atoms C, H, N, O, S, Na and K and the 3‐21G* basis set for Sn in order to obtain insights into the factors determining the nature of the interactions of these compounds with the neutral molecules acetone and H 2 O, the SCN − anion, and the Na + and K + cations. The interaction strength pattern with these molecules was explained by the use of a series of reactivity descriptors such as the Fukui function, hardness, local softness, and the MEP (molecular electrostatic potential). In all cases studied in this paper, the complexes with Na + were more stable than those with K + , correlating with the size of the cation and the volume available in the crown ether. Moreover, this finding is also in accordance with the greater hardness of Na + relative to K + , in combination with the hard environment of the crown ether moiety. This region was also analysed by computation of electrostatic potentials, which showed that highly negative values are associated with the inside region of the cavity of the crown, this region thus being amenable to electrophilic attack. The HSAB principle, characterising the reactive sites on the basis of local softness and the Fukui function, provided a firm explanation of the reactivity of the tin atom of the crown ether benzocarboxylate towards SCN − , acetone and water. The HSAB concept was also successfully used to explain the preference of the tin atoms in both crown ethers to bind with the nitrogen atom rather than the sulfur atom of SCN − . This result is a confirmation that the tin atoms in the compounds under consideration behave as hard atoms. Overall, these results fit remarkably well with previous experimentally measured NMR spectroscopy data and demonstrate that the interactions of this kind of molecules can be predicted and interpreted by the use of DFT calculations and DFT‐based reactivity descriptors, as well as MEP calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Magnetic and magnetoelastic effects in a composite material of Ni microparticles in a silicone matrix (2001)

Ni microparticles in nonmagnetic elastic matrices have a magnetic behavior which depends on particles percentage, temperature, intensity of magnetizing field and the induced strain. In particular, the elastic properties of the matrix give nonconventional effects of deformation on magnetization. When a compression is applied and the magnetizing field is high, i.e., near saturation, it becomes evident the importance of magnetic particles density increment. On the other hand, if the magnetizing field is little, below 1/4 of saturation field, the effect of elastic matrix deformation on particles' orientation and the consequent change of the magnetization intensity is prominent. We named the last peculiar behavior as ``elastomagnetic'' effect and a simple model to explain it is reported. A threshold field as a function of the particles concentration is experimentally determined which gives the prominence of one or the other of the above described mechanisms. The experimental results and the theoretical model explain that even when the intrinsic magnetoelastic effect is negligible one can find magnetoelastic effects due to coexistence of phases with different geometry, elastic and/or magnetic properties.