gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Open-Framework Tin(II) Phosphate Materials Containing Sn−O−Sn Linkages and Three-Coordinated Oxygens (1998)

Two new open-framework tin(II) phosphate materials have been synthesized hydrothermally and their structures elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These materials exhibit an entirely new building motif, unknown in phosphate-based materials, viz., vertex-sharing truncated square-pyramidal SnO4 units, in addition to the trigonal-pyramidal SnO3 units. The connectivity between the SnO3, SnO4, and PO4 units is such that Sn−O−Sn linkages are observed for the first time. The networking creates three-coordinated oxygens in the structure. Crystal data for compound I, [Sn3(PO4)2(OH)]-·0.5[(NH3)(CH2)6(NH3)]+: monoclinic, a = 9.315(2) Å, b = 16.806(1) Å, c = 9.513(3) Å, β = 111.03(1)°, V = 1390.0(5), Z = 4, M = 622.13(1), Dcalc = 2.973 g cm-3, Mo Kα, RF = 0.039. Crystal data for compound II, [Sn3(PO4)2(OH)]-·0.5[(NH3)(CH2)8(NH3)]+: orthorhombic, a = 10.390(1) Å, b = 16.087(1) Å, c = 18.717(1) Å, V = 2849.3(1), Z = 4, M = 636.16(1), Dcalc = 2.595 g cm-3, Mo Kα, RF = 0.07.
Reduction of Five-Membered .ALPHA.,.BETA.-Unsaturated Lactones and Related Compounds with the Ni2+/BH4- System. (1991)

The reductions of an α, β-unsaturated lactone (5) and lactam (7) with the Ni2+/BH-4 system resulted in the formation of cis-hydrogenated products (8a and 9a) with high stereoselectivity. The cis products (8a and 9a) were easily isomerized to the corresponding trans isomers (8b and 9b, respectively) by refluxing with sodium methoxide in anhydrous methanol. Isotope labeling studies with methyl cinnamate as the substrate indicated that the reduction with this reducing system poceeds stepwise via a carbon-nickel intermediate.
HIV receptors on lymphocytes (2003)

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, despite tremendous efforts in research and prevention, is spreading at an increasing speed, especially in developing countries. Currently available therapeutic approaches significantly extend the lifespan of HIV-infected people, but their use is associated with a severe drug regimen, several undesirable side effects, and high cost. Therefore, the scientific community is steadfastly pursuing novel strategies for inhibiting viral replication, promoting a better immune response, and developing an effective vaccine. Recent research on HIV receptors has introduced new concepts in the field, showing that expression of receptors, although necessary for virus entry, is subordinate to quality of expression, so that efficient infection occurs when receptors are properly colocalized. In addition, intracellular signaling triggered by HIV receptors has been shown to play important roles in pathogenesis by inducing apoptosis of bystander cells. Induction of some pathways of intracellular signaling, however, can instead suppress HIV replication, so that modulation of these pathways constitutes an additional target to be exploited for therapy or vaccines. This article reviews the most exciting aspects of these novel findings and discusses their practical application in the fight against HIV infection.
Semi-automated human radiodosimetry extrapolation from small animal PET (2006)

1817 Objectives: The main goal of this research was to test the utility of an approach incorporating semi-automated micro-PET mouse/digital atlas co-registration methods we previously developed for defining tracer bio-distribution (JNM, 2005;46:227P) in projecting effective organ doses for radiation exposure to humans. Methods: Using software which co-registers a digital mouse phantom with a small animal PET mouse scan, enabling rapid semi-automated quantification of activity in organs, bio-distribution data were acquired from nine dynamic FDG small animal PET mouse scans. Bio-distribution estimates were extrapolated to a human model (standard man), using a previously established method (JNM, 1975;16:248-249) accounting for differences in relative organ masses, though not for species-related pharmacokinetic differences. A dose calculation software program based on MIRD schema was applied to obtain human organ dose estimates, which were compared with previously published FDG human dosimetry values (Radiation Dose Estimates for Radiopharmaceuticals: ORISE). Results: We examined FDG small animal PET scans from nine mice. The organ-to-organ correlation coefficients (r) for the nine human dosimetry estimates versus the previously established human values ranged from 0.69 to 0.98 (median 0.96, average 0.97). The correlation resulting from the average activity distribution in the mice was 0.96. The extrapolation method identified the urinary bladder (0.12 mGy/MBq) as the target organ and the heart wall (0.05 mGy/MBq) as receiving the second highest radiation dose, both of which conformed to the established human organ distribution of FDG (0.19 and 0.06 mGy/MBq respectively). The estimated EDE was 0.025 mSv/MBq compared to the value of 0.030 mSv/MBq established in humans. Of the 21 other organs for which radiodosimetry exposure was estimated, 18 of the estimates were within ±0.01 mGy/MBq from the published dosimetry, and only 1 differed by more than 0.02 mSv/MBq (spleen). Conclusions: A method was examined here to estimate in a semi-automated fashion human radiodosimetry from mouse data obtained from small animal PET. It generated reasonable correlations with previously published radiodosimetry values for biodistribution of FDG in humans. As dosimetric determinations are important for maximizing statistical quality of images while maintaining patient safety, these dose estimation methods may be used as a quick gauge of radiodosimetry for a new tracer. Such methods have the potential to be used in tracer development to save time and money, and decrease the number of animal specimens needed for initial testing purposes. Further investigations into interspecies extrapolation with methods similar to the ones we have utilized here may be of value in assessing the generalizability and limitations of such an approach.
Exploiting Untranscribed Broadcast Data for Improved Code-Switching Detection (2017)

10.21437/Interspeech.2017-391
Peptidyl-prolyl Cis/Trans Isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 Associates with Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Enhances Insulin Actions and Adipogenesis (2011)

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is a unique enzyme that associates with the pSer/Thr-Pro motif and catalyzes cis-trans isomerization. We identified Pin1 in the immunoprecipitates of overexpressed IRS-1 with myc and FLAG tags in mouse livers and confirmed the association between IRS-1 and Pin1 by not only overexpression experiments but also endogenously in the mouse liver. The analysis using deletion- and point-mutated Pin1 and IRS-1 constructs revealed the WW domain located in the N terminus of Pin1 and Ser-434 in the SAIN (Shc and IRS-1 NPXY binding) domain of IRS-1 to be involved in their association. Subsequently, we investigated the role of Pin1 in IRS-1 mediation of insulin signaling. The overexpression of Pin1 in HepG2 cells markedly enhanced insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and its downstream events: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding with IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation. In contrast, the treatment of HepG2 cells with Pin1 siRNA or the Pin1 inhibitor Juglone suppressed these events. In good agreement with these in vitro data, Pin1 knock-out mice exhibited impaired insulin signaling with glucose intolerance, whereas adenoviral gene transfer of Pin1 into the ob/ob mouse liver mostly normalized insulin signaling and restored glucose tolerance. In addition, it was also demonstrated that Pin1 plays a critical role in adipose differentiation, making Pin1 knock-out mice resistant to diet-induced obesity. Importantly, Pin1 expression was shown to be up-regulated in accordance with nutrient conditions such as food intake or a high-fat diet. Taken together, these observations indicate that Pin1 binds to IRS-1 and thereby markedly enhances insulin action, essential for adipogenesis.
Modeling and simulation of nanoelectronics devices in cognitive nanoinformatics (2014)

In the paper, an application of cognitive nanoinformatics to advance modeling and simulation of nanoelectronics devices is discussed. The multi-scale approach to information management for nanoelectronics devices modeling and simulation has been proposed. We illustrate our approach for two case study nanoelectronics devices.
Statistical timing analysis of combinational circuits (2003)

The authors develop efficient methods for computing an exact probability distribution of the delay of a combinational circuit, given probability distributions for the gate and wire delays. The derived distribution can give the probability that a combinational circuit will achieve a certain performance, across the possible range. The techniques target fast analysis as well as reduced memory requirements. The authors define a notion of falsity of paths when dealing with probability distributions on gate and wire delays, and they give methods for identifying and ignoring false paths in their probabilistic analysis, so as to obtain correct and accurate answers to the performance prediction question. Some results and comparisons are given for a number of combinational circuit benchmarks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene, MBL2, Polymorphisms Are Not Associated With Susceptibility to Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children (2014)

Defective MBL2 polymorphisms did not predict increased IPD susceptibility in children born in Northern Europe.
ORGANIC AGGREGATES IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL SURFACE WATERS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN1 (1964)

Twenty surface samples taken en route from Bermuda to the west coast of Africa were filtered for subsequent microscopic examination of phytoplankton and organic aggregates (nonliving particulate matter). Fourteen of the samples were accompanied by measurements of particulate organic carbon. All three quantities were significantly correlated. All reached their highest values in a region of upwelling in the Guinea Current, with lower values in the Sargasso Sea, the North Equatorial Current, and nonupwelling equatorial waters. The largest quantity of aggregates observed in these oceanic waters intergraded with the lower range of values previously reported in rich inshore waters of Long Island Sound. Observations and supporting experimental data lead to conclusions that 1) dissolved organic matter secreted by phytoplankton is readily converted to particulate matter by adsorption on near‐surface bubbles, thus producing the direct relation noted above; 2) even in areas where phytoplankton is scarce, there is a sufficient residuum of older dissolved organic matter to permit the formation of significant quantities of aggregates; and 3) the aggregates have a carbon content greatly exceeding that of living phytoplankton.
Contextual search using ontology-based user profiles (2007)

Search engines, generally, return results without any regard for the concepts in which the user is interested. In this paper, we present our approach to personalizing search engines using ontology based contextual profiles. In contrast to long-term user profiles, we construct contextual user profiles that capture what the user is working on at the time they conduct a search. These profiles are used to personalize the search results to suit the information needs of the user at a particular instant of time. We present the results of experiments evaluating the effect of the original versus conceptual ranking and the use of multiple sources of information to build the contextual profile. We were able to achieve a 15% improvement over Google in the average rank of the result clicked by a user when contextual information extracted from open Word documents and Web pages was used to re-rank the results.
Remote detection of deception using radar vital signs monitor technology (2002)

Traditional lie detector testing requires the subject to be physically attached to a variety of sensors. This is impractical for scenarios such as checkpoints where a large number of individuals are entering at a high rate, forcing other methods to be employed. Currently, checkpoint officers must make a quick decision to determine if an individual is being deceptive, and if in turn they should be searched. The remote detection of deception (RDD) concept uses a non-contact sensor to obtain physiological information that can be used to aid the checkpoint officer's decision. Such a device must be able to sense physiological signals from the body that may indicate deception in an unobtrusive and non-contact manner.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 2‐AMINOFURANS FROM CYANOACETONE ENOLATE AND THEIR REARRANGEMENT TO 3‐CYANOPYRROLES WITH AMMONIA (1979)

Abstract 5‐Methyl‐isoxazol (Ia) wird mit Sulfurylchlorid zu (Ib) chloriert und dann alkalisch zum Chlor‐cyano‐keton (II) gespalten, das mit (III) zum Amino‐furylketon (IV) führt.
Sensitive assay for plasminogen activator of transformed cells. (1980)

A sensitive in situ assay for the plasminogen activator of transformed cells is described; it uses the fluorogenic molecule 3',6'-bis(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-5-(N'-4-carboxylphenyl)thioureidospiro[isobenz ofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one. This fluorescein derivative is an excellent active-site titrant of the esterase activity of plasmin. When transformed cells are incubated with purified plasminogen and the resulting plasmin is titrated with the fluorogenic substrate, the amount of plasmin formed is linearly proportional to time and cell number. The assay is sensitive enough to detect quantitatively the plasminogen activator activity of as few as 250 transformed cells. This substrate should be useful in studying quantitatively the correlation between increased levels of plasminogen activator activity and cellular transformation and as a general active site titrant of serine proteases.
Two YxxL segments of a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in the CD3ζ molecule differentially activate calcium mobilization and mitogen-activated protein kinase family pathways (2000)

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM), consisting of two YxxL segments, transmit signals leading to IL-2 gene activation in T cells. We investigated here the functional difference in signal transduction between these two YxxL segments in the CD3zeta membrane-proximal ITAM. N-terminal YxxL mutants failed to induce ZAP-70 phosphorylation, elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation even in the presence of CD28 co-stimulation, whereas a mutant of the leucine residue at the C-terminal YxxL segment retained the ability to induce these events although this mutation abrogated the ability to induce IL-2 gene activation. In marked contrast to ERK activation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was observed in all mutants when co-stimulated with CD28. The mutant of the leucine residue at the C-terminal YxxL segment had a defect in the transcriptional activation at the NF-AT cis-element, which was restored to wild-type level by addition of a Ca2+ ionophore, suggesting that the intensity and/or duration of [Ca2+]i elevation defines the threshold of T cell activation in this mutant. Our data collectively indicate that the activation pathways of ERK, JNK and Ca2+ mobilization are differentially regulated through YxxL segments of an ITAM.
Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics. I. Physicochemical properties of azalomycin F4a. (1982)

Azalomycin F4a (C56H95N3O17), an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. azalomyceticus, was purified and its physicochemical properties were determined. Partial strutures of this compound were elucidated from its spectral data.
Research on XML-Based Key Management Service for Identity-Based Cryptography (2010)

Research on the certificate-less public key cryptography has been widely concerned recently. Identity-based cryptography, viz.IBE, is the most successful certificate-less solution. It can employ an arbitrary ID of a user as her public key, while as the user may request her private key from the key generation center named PKG. However, study on the trusted web service for IBE key management still has not appeared. In this paper, the differences between PKI and IBE are firstly analyzed, and the potentials of building XKMS for IBE are discussed. Then an XKMS-friendly service named IBE-XKMS is proposed, and various key management services are described in detail. Besides the basic XKMS services, IBE-XKMS also provides Envelope and Signature service, which can be utilized to develop IBE-enabled applications with Zero Code on client. At last, evaluations on the service performance and communication cost are conducted, comparing with that of PKI-based XKMS.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Visible Light Photoresponse Following Surface Complexation of Titanium Dioxide with Transition Metal Cyanides. (1989)

Abstract The low‐oxidation‐state transition metal cyanides Fe(CN) 6 4‐ , Re(CN) 7 4‐ , Ru(CN) 6 4‐ , Os(CN) 6 4‐ , Mo(CN) 8 4‐ , and W(CN) 8 4‐ react with TiO 2 in acid aqueous solutions to form intensely colored brick‐red or orange complexes on the surface.
Cocktail of Four Active Components Derived from Sheng Mai San Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced PC12 Cell Apoptosis Linked with the Caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC Pathway (2015)

SMXZF, a combination of four active components including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, schizandrin, and DT-13 (6:9:5:4) that is derived from Sheng Mai San, has previously been shown to exhibit a neuroprotective effect against focal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Due to the key role of oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis in the pathogenesis of stroke, we examined the effect of SMXZF in oxidative stress responses and related signaling pathways in differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Our results showed that incubation with 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 12 hr could reduce cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity with an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, SMXZF alleviated oxidative stress by reducing the over-production of ROS and MDA in parallel to concentration dependently increasing SOD activity. In addition, SMXZF significantly attenuated H2O2-induced caspase-3 cleavage, Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase-1 (ROCK1) activation, and myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Inhibiting either caspase-3 or ROCK1 mimicked the effect. Consequently, our results suggest that SMXZF inhibits H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis linked with the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC pathway, which has also been confirmed to be a positive feedback loop in oxidative stress-injured PC12 cells. These findings support the pharmacological potential of SMXZF for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
Ground measurements of surface BRF and HDRF using PARABOLA III (2001)

The ground‐based Portable Apparatus for Rapid Acquisition of Bidirectional Observations of Land and Atmosphere (PARABOLA), version 3, provides multiangle measurements of sky and ground radiances on a spherical grid of 5° in the zenith‐to‐nadir and azimuthal planes in eight spectral channels. The hemispherical directional reflectance factor (HDRF) can be measured directly by comparing the radiance reflected by the surface in given direction to that reflected from a reference surface simultaneously observed by the PARABOLA 3. The surface bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) cannot be measured directly, however, because of the presence of the sky diffuse illumination. The contribution of the diffuse sky radiance to the radiance reflected by the natural target surface is computed, and removed, using an iterative technique. Two approaches are employed: the first requires knowledge of the atmospheric optical depth, and the second requires the simultaneous measurements of the radiance reflected by a standard surface panel under the same atmospheric and illumination conditions. Ground measurements of the BRF and HDRF for dry lake surfaces were obtained from the PARABOLA 3 observations with better than ±10% accuracy. The results described in this work are used primarily for the vicarious calibration of the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra platform and for validation of MISR BRF retrievals of selected Earth surface targets.
Role of the major histocompatibility complex in T cell activation of B cell subpopulations: antigen-specific and <i>H-2</i>-restricted monoclonal TH cells activate Lyb-5+ B cells through an antigen-nonspecific and <i>H-2</i>-unrestricted effector pathway. (1982)

Monoclonal T helper (TH) cell populations were employed to study the mechanism of activation of the Lyb-5+ B cell subpopulation in T cell-dependent antibody responses in vitro. It was demonstrated that monoclonal T cell populations were sufficient to help rigorously T-depleted unprimed (B + accessory) cells for direct plaque-forming cell responses to trinitrophenyl- (TNP) conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The activation of several lines of cloned (H-2b X H-2k)F1 TH cells was antigen (KLH) specific and H-2 restricted. Individual clones were restricted to H -2b, H-2k, or unique (H-2b X H-2k)F1 encoded determinants. Under the experimental conditions employed, responses mediated by cloned TH cells were found to result in the activation of the Lyb-5+ B cell subpopulation. The activation of Lyb-5+ B cells by cloned TH cells did not require covalent linkage of carrier and hapten, and responses could be stimulated in the presence of free KLH plus TNP conjugated to an irrelevant carrier. The H-2 restriction of TH cell function was shown to reflect a requirement for T cell recognition of determinants expressed by accessory cells, whereas no requirement existed for restricted T cell recognition of B cells. These findings suggest that the help provided by monoclonal TH cells, once activated, was both antigen nonspecific and H-2 unrestricted. Consistent with this interpretation, it was found that the supernatant of antigen-stimulated TH cells provided antigen-nonspecific help to T-depleted spleen cells. Thus, these results demonstrate that the activation of Lyb-5+ B cells by antigen-specific and H-2-restricted monoclonal TH cell populations is itself antigen nonspecific and H-2 unrestricted.