gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exchanges and alternative trading systems (2002)

The Legal Structure of Financial Markets. The Regulation of Market Infrastructure. Self-Regulation and Governance at US Securities and Commodities Exchanges. Regulation ATS and Related Market Structure Issues in the US. The Regulation of Multilateral Clearing in the UK and US. Clearing and Settlement of Electronically Traded Commodities - Competition Issues. The Big Cheese or Positively Wall Street: Best Execution, ATSs and the Retail Investor in the US and UK. Red Herrings, Cul de Sacs and Online Roadshows: Evolving Strategies for Capital Formation in Cyberspace. Issues in Information Technology Law. Market 3.0: Prospects for the Electronic.
A randomized controlled trial of strapping to prevent post-stroke shoulder pain (2000)

No significant benefit with shoulder strapping was demonstrated and reasons for this are discussed. Range of movement in the hemiplegic shoulder is lost very early and any preventive treatments need to begin within the first 1-2 days after a stroke.
Isotopic methylation (2001)

Abstract This review reports recent methods by which organic compounds, and especially pharmaceuticals, have been isotopically labelled by the incorporation of carbon or hydrogen isotopes in methylation processes. Particular attention is paid to the incorporation of carbon‐11; both the synthesis of such labelled methylating agents and applications of their use are discussed. The review has reported reagents and conditions by which a number of organic compounds have been obtained recently. It also assesses the limitations of reported methods and proposes some alternative techniques and innovations. The application of catalysts such as Ag + and conditions such as microwave irradiation to encourage these reactions are also included, with suggestions of other, potentially beneficial, ways to assist them. In many cases, the radio‐chemical yield and purity of the labelled product are given along with an estimate of the total reaction time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of lithium carbonate in HIV-infected patients with immune dysfunction. (1988)

Ten homosexual men received oral lithium carbonate at doses that maintained their serum lithium concentrations between 0.5 and 1.5 mEq/L. Prior to treatment all patients had HIV isolated from PHA-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using a quantitative antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay for detection, and had an absolute number of CD4 (helper) lymphocytes of less than 300/mm3. Eight of 10 patients developed symptoms of drug toxicity requiring discontinuation of the drug in 7 patients. Two patients completed only 4-5 weeks of lithium therapy, and 5 patients received 7-8 weeks. All patients remained culture positive for HIV during the trial, and viral titers as measured by the antigen capture assay were unchanged or increased. There were no significant changes in the absolute number of CD4 lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or tetanus toxoid induced proliferative responses. There was a significant decrease in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Lithium carbonate demonstrated no immunorestorative or antiviral activity when given in therapeutic doses. Drug toxicity limited therapy in the majority of patients.
Impact of relative permeability hysteresis on geological CO<sub>2</sub> storage (2006)

Relative permeabilities are the key descriptors in classical formulations of multiphase flow in porous media. Experimental evidence and an analysis of pore‐scale physics demonstrate conclusively that relative permeabilities are not single functions of fluid saturations and that they display strong hysteresis effects. In this paper, we evaluate the relevance of relative permeability hysteresis when modeling geological CO 2 sequestration processes. Here we concentrate on CO 2 injection in saline aquifers. In this setting the CO 2 is the nonwetting phase, and capillary trapping of the CO 2 is an essential mechanism after the injection phase during the lateral and upward migration of the CO 2 plume. We demonstrate the importance of accounting for CO 2 trapping in the relative permeability model for predicting the distribution and mobility of CO 2 in the formation. We conclude that modeling of relative permeability hysteresis is required to assess accurately the amount of CO 2 that is immobilized by capillary trapping and therefore is not available to leak. We also demonstrate how the mechanism of capillary trapping can be exploited (e.g., by controlling the injection rate or alternating water and CO 2 injection) to improve the overall effectiveness of the injection project.
Broadband radio LANs and the evolution of wireless beyond 3G (2003)

The wireless communication landscape will continue to develop at a rapid pace over the next few years. New systems and standards are on the horizon which enable broadband wireless communication in the office, at home, and “on the move.” They will finally bring the information services provided by the Internet and the World Wide Web to mobile users, together with a variety of new multimedia entertainment services. In this paper we give an overview of key developments in wireless communication systems. The emerging third-generation (3G) cellular systems and the growing importance of wireless local- and personal-area networks are discussed. The physical and medium-access control (MAC) layers are described for the new broadband wireless local area networks (LANs), which enable “hot-spot” data and multimedia services in airports, hotel lobbies, and a variety of other “public” places. We present an outlook toward a future fourth-generation wireless communication system. It can be integrated with the Internet protocol (IP) backbone network and can provide quality-of-service (QoS) support for multimedia applications. It supports dynamic scheduling, link adaptation, and frequency selection as well as full mobility. We conclude by describing some of the underlying technology developments driving the wireless evolution.
Acute pain assessment (2016)

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage” (IASP, 1997). This definition of pain emphasises that it is neither a sensory nor an emotional experience, but a combination of both. It is a subjective experience influenced by physical, psychological and environmental factors that is assessed from a biopsychosocial perspective. The gold standard in assessing pain however is always what the patient says it is.
Mutagenesis Reveals Structure−Activity Parallels between Human A<sub>2A</sub>Adenosine Receptors and Biogenic Amine G Protein-Coupled Receptors (1997)

Structure-affinity relationships for ligand binding at the human A2A adenosine receptor have been probed using site-directed mutagenesis in the transmembrane helical domains (TMs). The mutant receptors were expressed in COS-7 cells and characterized by binding of the radioligands [3H]CGS21680, [3H]NECA, and [3H]XAC. Three residues, at positions essential for ligand binding in other G protein-coupled receptors, were individually mutated. The residue V(3.32) in the A2A receptor that is homologous to the essential aspartate residue of TM3 in the biogenic amine receptors, i.e., V84(3.32), may be substituted with L (present in the A3 receptor) but not with D (in biogenic amine receptors) or A. H250(6.52), homologous to the critical N507 of rat m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, may be substituted with other aromatic residues or with N but not with A (Kim et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 13987-13997). H278(7.43), homologous to the covalent ligand anchor site in rhodopsin, may not be substituted with either A, K, or N. Both V84L(3.32) and H250N(6.52) mutant receptors were highly variable in their effect on ligand competition depending on the structural class of the ligand. Adenosine-5'-uronamide derivatives were more potent at the H250N(6.52) mutant receptor than at wild type receptors. Xanthines tended to be close in potency (H250N(6.52)) or less potent (V84L(3.32)) than at wild type receptors. The affinity of CGS21680 increased as the pH was lowered to 5.5 in both the wild type and H250N(6.52) mutant receptors. Thus, protonation of H250(6.52) is not involved in this pH dependence. These data are consistent with a molecular model predicting the proximity of bound agonist ligands to TM3, TM5, TM6, and TM7.
Administration's 1992 Budget Proposes a Healthy Boost for R&D (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTAdministration's 1992 Budget Proposes a Healthy Boost for R&DBasic research would increase 8%, grabbing 18% of total R&D budget, and funds for applied R&D would jump 13%; Superconducting Super Collider and human genome research would get big hikesDAVID J. HANSONView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 7, 7–13Publication Date (Print):February 18, 1991Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 18 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n007.p007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n007.p007newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Energy Get e-Alerts
American Academy of Pediatrics Community Access to Child Health (CATCH) Program: A Model for Supporting Community Pediatricians (2003)

Advocacy on behalf of children who are medically underserved and the pediatricians who care for them has been a long-standing core commitment of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Although different in etiology, barriers to adequate health care exist in both nations. In the United States, almost 18 million children have either no health insurance or inadequate coverage, whereas in the United Kingdom, parents can, in most cases, readily enroll their youngsters in a universal health insurance program that is not dependent on employers or employment.(1) However, despite universal access to health care in the United Kingdom, as in the United States, there are infants and children who do not regularly use or otherwise connect to available health care delivery systems. Many of these families are not participants in other social systems (eg, church, school, voting, employment, property ownership/rental) and therefore are not known to governments, agencies, authorities, or health care professionals. Both nations have citizens living in extreme poverty with its associated environmental and health hazards and tendencies to health risk behaviors. Both the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and the American Academy of Pediatrics have strategies and programs to address these issues and to support pediatricians who work in their communities to improve the lives of children. The following describes the American Academy of Pediatrics Community Access to Child Health infrastructure that supports practicing community pediatricians in these efforts and opportunities to develop collaborative international endeavors to advance the practice of community pediatrics.
Tidal Effect in Petroleum Well Testing (1986)

ABSTRACT Earth, barometric and ocean tide effects have been observed for many years, principally in hydrogeological work. During testing of wells in the Timor Sea we have observed ocean tide effects in the reservoir with an amplitude of ~ 0.07 bar (1 psi) about 70 times larger than earth or barometric tide effects. This paper has two aims: to provide an overview of analytical interpretation of tidal effects from a petroleum engineering viewpoint and second, based upon our simulations and observations, to propose that in addition to previous methods of interpretation the phase shift of ocean tide effects can be used to gain an insight into the presence of major reservoir heterogeneities, particularly fluid contacts. There is a need for more field data and further investigations, however we believe we have demonstrated the existence of a useful and previously unused aspect of pressure measurement in offshore wells.
A prospective highlight on exosomal nanoshuttles and cancer immunotherapy and vaccination (2015)

As complex systems, these vesicular micro-/nano-machines convey important cellular messages dependent upon the cells/tissue setting(s). In addition to their potential in diagnosis of cancers, they have been exploited for cancer immunotherapy/vaccination. However, such treatment strategies need to be carefully designed to attain desired clinical outcomes.
Selbstsichten, "implizites Wissen" und Gesellschaftsbilder: ein kognitionstheoretischer Streifzug durch soziale Wahrnehmungsfelder (1997)

'Mit dieser Arbeit wird - in Fortführung des Reihenpapers Nr. 14 - ein weiterer Baustein für komplexe Analysen von 'Wissens- und Informationsgesellschaften' aufbereitet. Im vorliegenden Fall werden die folgenden drei Themenschwerpunkte abgehandelt. Erstens wird an Hand von Materialien aus dem Sozialen Survey ein typischer Bereich 'impliziten Wissens' herangezogen, nämlich die individuelle Gestaltung von sozialen Wahrnehmungsfeldern (Positions- und Schichtzuschreibungen) und ihre empirischen Ausprägungen. Daran knüpft sich zweitens eine kognitionstheoretische Aufbereitung, mit deren Hilfe die vielfältigen impliziten Routinen und Praktiken innerhalb des Bereichs der sozialen Wahrnehmungen näher spezifiziert werden können. Und in einem abschließenden Teil werden Anleihen bei rezenten Modellen aus der evolutionären Lerntheorie ('Classifier-Systeme' und 'Genetische Algorithmen') genommen, um die im ersten Teil der Arbeit ermittelten Paradoxien und seltsamen Befunde auf konsistente Weise interpretieren zu können.' (Autorenreferat)
Cytotoxicity activity of L-proline analogues of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. (2001)

Although prolidase [E.C.3.4.13.9] is found in normal cells, substantially increased levels are found in some neoplastic tissues. Prolidase evokes the ability to hydrolyse the imido-bond of various low molecular weight compounds coupled to L-proline. The synthesis of three proline analogues of anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (1-3) has been performed. Treatment of these prodrugs with prolidase generated L-proline and the free drug, demonstrating their substrate susceptibility prolidase. The concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 needed to inhibit [1H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by 50% (IC50) in breast cancer MCF-7 cells were found to be 185 +/- 5 microM, 107 +/- 6 microM and 87 +/- 6 microM, respectively, suggesting a lower cytotoxic potency of these compounds compared to Hoechst 33228 (IC50 = 55 +/- 6 microM).
An Online Identification Method for Both Stator Resistance and Back-EMF Coefficient of PMSMs Without Rotational Transducers (2004)

This letter describes an effective online method for identifying both the stator resistance and the back-electromotive-force (EMF) coefficient of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) without rotational transducers. Using only the information of stator currents and voltages, it can provide fairly good identification accuracy under various load conditions and can be easily incorporated into most sensorless speed control schemes proposed in the prior literature.
The Role of Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Surgical Practice (2003)

Epidural anesthesia/analgesia has been demonstrated to improve postoperative outcome and attenuate the physiologic response to surgery.
Hospital Bed Surge Capacity in the Event of a Mass-Casualty Incident (2005)

A large proportion of in-patients can be discharged within 24 and 72 hours in the event of a mass-casualty incident (MCI). Additional beds can be made available if an on-site nursing facility is made available. Both physicians and nurse managers should be included on the team that makes patient dispositions in the event of a MCI.
小破团“一世代”：你不能不知的几件事 (2013)

你认为自己对这个全球最热男子组合了如指掌吗？也许吧，但不一定哦。没错，一世代的粉丝可说是最投入的粉丝了，但在听到偶像们如何评论那部规模宏大的3D电影以及即将发行的第三张专辑时，即使是他们的头号粉丝也会有点吃惊吧。来看看我们从他们身上发掘到的六件事吧。
Synthesis of Novel Polyfunctionally Substituted Thieno[2,3‐c]pyridazines (2004)

Abstract 4‐Cyano‐5,6‐dimethylpyridazin‐3‐(2 H )‐thione 3b was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of novel polysubstituted thieno[2,3‐c]pyridazines.
특집 : 농촌을 넘어, 패러다임의 전환을 향해 ; 패러다임 변화와 공동체의 통합개념 구축 (2003)

최근 여러 분야에서 공동체에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 공동체의 개념사용에 혼란이 일고 있다. 학술적 개념으로서의 공동체는 다차원으로 통합되어 있었으나 사회변화에 따라 분절되고 각 차원의 속성들이 새로운 패러다임적 양상을 보이고 있다. 이 연구는 분절되어 있는 공동체 개념들을 새로운 패러다임의 과정에서 하나의 통일된 개념체계에 통합시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 본 연구는 고전적 공동체의 개념체계를 분석하고 힐러리가 제안한 공돌체의 세 차원 -지리적 영역, 상호작용, 공동의 연대-의 변화가 어떻게 새로운 패러다임으로 이해될 수 있는가를 고찰하였다. 그리고 새로운 패러다임의 관점에서 베버의 이념형을 수용하여 다양한 각 차원의 속성들을 포섭하는 전략을 추구하였다. 상호배타적이거나 갈등적인 관계에 놓인 공동체의 속성들이 하나의 통일된 개념체계에 포섭되도록 하기 위하여 이념형의 한 축을 알렉산더의 선험적 전제로 설정하였다. 통합개념의 체계는 힐러리의 세 차원에 준하여 시공간 차원을 시간, 공간, 환경차원으로 다시 세분하였다. 이들 세분화된 차원의 속성들은 이념형의 연속적 두 축으로 구성하여 다양한 경험적 사례들이 포섭될 수 있게 하였다. 다른 두 사회 및 문화적 차원은 각기 미시와 거시적 차원으로 나누어지고 다시 나누어진 두 차원은 연속적인 전통과 포스트모던적 두 축으로 구성된다. 이러한 이념형적 개념 체계는 오늘날 다앙한 형태로 분절된 공동체의 개념들을 하나의 통합체계 내에서 상호연관성을 발견할 수 있기 때문에 총체적 연구를 가능케 해 준다.
Engineering more efficacious antibody therapy for myeloma (2014)

In this issue of Blood, Tai et al describe a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) for myeloma, which is both glycoengineered and conjugated to a cytotoxic agent. This mAb targets B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and has considerable preclinical activity, thus holding therapeutic promise. The outlook for myeloma patients has greatly improved over the past decade with the introduction of a number of novel agents. However, there is still a significant unmet need because many patients with gene expression profiling–defined good-risk disease eventually relapse and high-risk myeloma has poor long-term disease-free survival in the majority of patients.
Several pathways of hydrogen peroxide action that damage the E. coli genome (2004)

Hydrogen peroxide is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS) that arises either during the aerobic respiration process or as a by-product of water radiolysis after exposure to ionizing radiation. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with transition metals imposes on cells an oxidative stress condition that can result in damage to cell components such as proteins, lipids and principally to DNA, leading to mutagenesis and cell death. Escherichia coli cells are able to deal with these adverse events via DNA repair mechanisms, which enable them to recover their genome integrity. These include base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER) and recombinational repair. Other important defense mechanisms present in Escherichia coli are OxyR and SosRS anti-oxidant inducible pathways, which are elicited by cells to avoid the introduction of oxidative lesions by hydrogen peroxide. This review summarizes the phenomena of lethal synergism between UV irradiation (254 nm) and H2O2, the cross-adaptive response between different classes of genotoxic agents and hydrogen peroxide, and the role of copper ions in the lethal response to H2O2 under low-iron conditions.
The management of traditional chinese medicine on Parkinson's disease (2000)

Parkinson's disease(PD)is an age_related neurodegenerative disorder.Massive efforts had been made to explore effective drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)to treat PD,and the clinical evidences suggest that drugs of TCM do have some effects on PD.This paper reviews the studies of TCM on PD in such areas:1.How to understand PD in the viewpoints of TCM.2.The effects of TCM on the movement disorders of PD.3.The effects of TCM on the non_movement disorders of PD.4.The study on pharmacological mechanisms of TCM.
Analysis of the self-excited subband coder: a new approach to medium band speech coding (2003)

A speech coding technique is introduced for bit rates below 10 kb/s. The coder exploits the frequency-domain properties of aural perception that are associated with subband coding and uses the block coding techniques which have recently been used to great advantage in low-rate full-band coders such as the self-excited vocoder and the code-excited linear predictive coder. The coder contains an analysis/synthesis system for decomposing the speech into contiguous frequency bands and merging the bands in reconstruction. The coding of the individual subbands is accomplished by using long-term predictors to represent channel outputs. Various configurations of the analysis/synthesis structure and the self-excitation model are considered. Issues related to the analysis procedure, the performance and the system efficiency are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Tool for Derivation of Real Time Lithological Information from Drill Bit Sound (2021)

Abstract Real time lithological information at the drill bit is required for some important drilling operations, such as geo-steering and casing shoe positioning. This paper presents a novel tool "Petro-phone" for recording and processing drill bit sounds, which are generated by the drill bit cutting the rock, in order to provide real time lithological information for the rock at the drill bit. A prototype and a preliminary professional version of Petro-phone have been developed and field trialed. Petro-phone is a surface tool with its acoustic sensors attached to the top drive of a drill rig at some strategical locations for maximally picking up drill bit sounds. The drill bit sounds generated at the drill bit transmit along drill string and drive shaft to reach to the acoustic sensors. Since all the parts along the drill bit sound transmission pathway are made of steel, the drill bit sounds transmit efficiently from the source (drill bit) to the sensors. Preliminary results from two field trials show that drill bit sound patterns correlate with lithologies. The results also indicate that a parameter "Apparent Power" of drill bit sounds negatively correlates with gamma log. Due to its true real time nature, Petro-phone potentially has some real time applications, such as geo-steering, casing shoes positioning. Recorded drill bit sound can also potentially be used to derive lithological information, such as lithology type.