gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Automotive Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines: Critical Review (2015)

Natural gas (NG) is a gaseous fuel, which has been extensively used and investigated in spark-ignition automotive engines (SI). Combining it with lean combustion has shown the potential to reduce emissions and improve efficiency compared to stoichiometric gasoline engines. The main limitations of lean NG combustion are instability and ignitability. Supplementing NG with hydrogen (H2) is considered a solution to lean NG combustion limitations and it has been studied extensively in the literature. This study is focused on reviewing the work performed by researchers on the effect of partial supplementation of NG by H2 on combustion, emissions and performance of SI automotive engines. H2 addition has been shown to accelerate combustion, extend the lean ignition limit, and improve combustion efficiency. However, it decreases the power output of the engine and increases heat transfer to cylinder walls. The lean ignition limit extension offered by H2 enables increased efficiency and NOx reduction.
Characterization of humic substances from the Oneida Lake watershed (1986)

Humic substances from the watershed of Oneida Lake, an eutrophic lake, near Syracuse, N.Y., were isolated in order to determine if humic substances from different sources have different characteristics. Samples studied include dissolved organic matter extracted from water and alkali soluble substituents from soils and sediments. Dissolved organic matter was concentrated using XAD‐8 resin. Alkali extractable materials from soils and sediment were divided into fulvic and humic acids. Samples were analyzed using 13C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, infrared and UV‐visible spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, ash content, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Results obtained from statistical analysis and comparison of data indicated that the humic substances of different origins could be classified into four categories; soil fulvic acids, soil humic acids, dissolved organic matter, and sedimentary organic matter.
Photomagnetic K<sub>0.25</sub>Ni<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O and K<sub>0.25</sub>Co[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>0.75<i>y</i></sub>[Cr(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>0.75(1–<i>y</i>)</sub>·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O Prussian Blue Analogue Solid Solutions (2012)

Magnetically bistable solid solutions of Prussian blue analogues with chemical formulas of K(α)Ni(1-x)Co(x)[Fe(CN)(6)](β)·nH(2)O (Ni(1-x)Co(x)Fe) and K(α)Co(γ)[Fe(CN)(6)](y)[Cr(CN)(6)](1-y)·nH(2)O (CoFe(y)Cr(1-y)) have been synthesized and studied using mass spectrometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy, and dc magnetometry. These compounds provide insight into interfaces between the photomagnetic Co-Fe Prussian blue analogue and the high-T(C) Ni-Cr Prussian blue analogue that exist in high-T(C) photomagnetic heterostructures. This investigation shows that the bistability of Co-Fe is strongly modified by metal substitution, with Ni(1-x)Co(x)Fe stabilizing high-spin cobalt-iron pairs and CoFe(y)Cr(1-y) stabilizing low-spin cobalt-iron pairs, while both types of substitution cause a dramatic decrease in the bistability of the material.
Bifunctional Magnetic Luminescent Particles Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with a Europium Silylated Bypiridine Tris(β‐diketonate) Complex (2016)

Abstract A new highly magnetic‐luminescent nanocomposites has been synthesized by grafting luminescent europium complex comprising tris(b‐diketone) and bypridine ligand modified with a silylil function group (Eu[(TTA) 3 (Bpy‐Si)] complex) on the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with 11 nm in size coated with a thin silica outer layer. The γ‐Fe 2 O 3 /SiO 2 nanoparticles were fully characterized by ATR‐FTIR, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM and magnetic measurements to confirm the structure of nanocomposite and the superparamagnetic behavior. Grafting with europium silylated bypiridine tris(β‐diketonate) complex on nanoparticles surface was achieved by covalent bonding through triethoxysilyl groups which allows high concentration of the luminescent species. The resulting nanocomposite display superparamagnetic profile and the indirect excitation in the ultraviolet region outcomes high red luminescence intensity (at 613 nm) with narrow characteristic emission lines of Eu(III) and emission lifetime in the millisecond range. The nanocomposite is potentially useful for applications as biolabelling, imaging, bio‐separation and bioassays.
Evaluating kidney stone size in children using the posterior acoustic shadow (2014)

Ultrasound, not x-ray, is preferred for imaging kidney stones in children; however, stone size determination is less accurate with ultrasound. In vitro we found stone sizing was improved by measuring the width of the acoustic shadow behind the stone. We sought to determine the prevalence and accuracy of the acoustic shadow in pediatric patients. A retrospective analysis was performed of all initial stone events at a children’s hospital over the last 10 years. Included subjects had a computed tomography (CT) scan and renal ultrasound within 3 months of each other. The width of the stone and acoustic shadow were measured on ultrasound and compared to the stone size as determined by CT. Thirty-seven patients with 49 kidney stones were included. An acoustic shadow was seen in 85% of stones evaluated. Stone width resulted in an average overestimation of 1.2 ± 2.2 mm while shadow width resulted in an underestimation of 0.5 ± 1.7 mm (p &lt; 0.001). A posterior acoustic shadow was seen in the majority of stones and was a more accurate measure of stone size. This would provide valuable information for stone management. [Work supported by NIH DK43881 and DK092197, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Erythroid-Specific Expression of β-Globin by the<i>Sleeping Beauty</i>Transposon for Sickle Cell Disease (2007)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) results predominately from a single monogenic mutation that affects thousands of individuals worldwide. Gene therapy approaches have focused on using viral vectors to transfer wild-type beta- or gamma-globin transgenes into hematopoietic stem cells for long-term expression of the recombinant globins. In this study, we investigated the use of a novel nonviral vector system, the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon (Tn) to insert a wild-type beta-globin expression cassette into the human genome for sustained expression of beta-globin. We initially constructed a beta-globin expression vector composed of the hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer chicken beta-actin promoter (CAGGS) and full-length beta-globin cDNA, as well as truncated forms lacking either the 3' or 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), to optimize expression of beta-globin. Beta-globin with its 5' UTR was efficiently expressed from its cDNA in K-562 cells induced with hemin. However, expression was constitutive and not erythroid-specific. We then constructed cis SB-Tn-beta-globin plasmids using a minimal beta-globin gene driven by hybrid promoter IHK (human ALAS2 intron 8 erythroid-specific enhancer, HS40 core element from human alphaLCR, ankyrin-1 promoter), IHbetap (human ALAS2 intron 8 erythroid-specific enhancer, HS40 core element from human alphaLCR, beta-globin promoter), or HS3betap (HS3 core element from human betaLCR, beta-globin promoter) to establish erythroid-specific expression of beta-globin. Stable genomic insertion of the minimal gene and expression of the beta-globin transgene for >5 months at a level comparable to that of the endogenous gamma-globin gene were achieved using a SB-Tn beta-globin cis construct. Interestingly, erythroid-specific expression of beta-globin driven by IHK was regulated primarily at the translational level, in contrast to post-transcriptional regulation in non-erythroid cells. The SB-Tn system is a promising nonviral vector for efficient genomic insertion conferring stable, persistent erythroid-specific expression of beta-globin.
Cell-free synthesis of ferredoxin in clostridial extracts (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCell-free synthesis of ferredoxin in clostridial extractsCarl Nepokroeff and A. I. AronsonCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 10, 2074–2081Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00812a008https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00812a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrafluoro‐3,6‐bis(vinylsulfonyl)benzene with Nucleophilic Reagents Containing a Mercapto Group. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determinants of Spatial and Temporal Coding by Semicircular Canal Afferents (2005)

The vestibular semicircular canals are internal sensors that signal the magnitude, direction, and temporal properties of angular head motion. Fluid mechanics within the 3-canal labyrinth code the direction of movement and integrate angular acceleration stimuli over time. Directional coding is accomplished by decomposition of complex angular accelerations into 3 biomechanical components-one component exciting each of the 3 ampullary organs and associated afferent nerve bundles separately. For low-frequency angular motion stimuli, fluid displacement within each canal is proportional to angular acceleration. At higher frequencies, above the lower corner frequency, real-time integration is accomplished by viscous forces arising from the movement of fluid within the slender lumen of each canal. This results in angular velocity sensitive fluid displacements. Reflecting this, a subset of afferent fibers indeed report angular acceleration to the brain for low frequencies of head movement and report angular velocity for higher frequencies. However, a substantial number of afferent fibers also report angular acceleration, or a signal between acceleration and velocity, even at frequencies where the endolymph displacement is known to follow angular head velocity. These non-velocity-sensitive afferent signals cannot be attributed to canal biomechanics alone. The responses of non-velocity-sensitive cells include a mathematical differentiation (first-order or fractional) imparted by hair-cell and/or afferent complexes. This mathematical differentiation from velocity to acceleration cannot be attributed to hair cell ionic currents, but occurs as a result of the dynamics of synaptic transmission between hair cells and their primary afferent fibers. The evidence for this conclusion is reviewed below.
Analysis of Pulsatile Blood Flow and Its Clinical Implications (1967)

ALTHOUGH the pulsatile nature of the circulation of blood has long been recognized, until recently most considerations of blood flow have dealt with only the steady state or mean component of blood flow. The purpose of this seminar is to review recent advances in the understanding of pulsatile blood flow both to serve as an introduction to this rapidly expanding area and to indicate the possible ultimate clinical usefulness of this approach. I shall proceed by reviewing first the development of mathematical theory for the analysis of pulsatile flow and its application to the study of single heartbeats in simple . . .
Thermal and Hydrostatic Behavior of Miniature Platinum Resistance Elements (1963)

First Page
Bacterial Expression and Characterization of a Picloram-Specific Recombinant Fab for Residue Analysis (1998)

Complete κ-light chain and VH-CH1 (Fd) genes were cloned by PCR from cDNA synthesized from RNA isolated from a picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid)-specific hybridoma cell line. Both genes were cloned into the phagemid vector pComb3 for expression of soluble Fab. Extracts from the periplasmic space of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the Fab exhibited specificity to picloram with an IC50 of 50 ng/mL, as determined by competitive indirect ELISA. This value was comparable to that obtained when using the parent monoclonal antibody (IC50 = 20 ng/mL). Two different matrices, river water and soil extract, did not interfere with the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Cross-reactivity was detected to the pyridine herbicide clopyralid (IC50 > 30 μg/mL) but not to the pyridine herbicides triclopyr and fluoroxypyr. A single-chain variable fragment was constructed with the same variable chain sequences, but no specific activity to picloram was detected. The soluble Fab was found to be a suitable recombinant antibody fragment for the purpose of quantifying picloram in environmental samples. Keywords: Competitive indirect ELISA; monoclonal antibody; recombinant Fab; herbicides; picloram
Dopaminergic Control of Aldosterone Secretion in Hypertensive Patients Chronically Treated with an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (1986)

To investigate whether dopamine plays a role in the regulation of aldosterone secretion during long-term blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, we studied the effect of metoclopramide, a competitive antagonist of dopamine, in 6 patients with essential hypertension chronically treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril. All but one of these patients received a diuretic in addition to enalapril. Six hours after the daily morning dose of enalapril (10-40 mg p.o.) a 10 mg bolus dose of metoclopramide was injected intravenously. In one patient a hypotensive episode developed following metoclopramide administration. In the 5 other patients plasma aldosterone significantly rose within 30 min after metoclopramide from 51 +/- 8.7 to 128.2 +/- 29.2 pg/ml. This metoclopramide-induced release of aldosterone occurred in the absence of concomitant changes in circulating angiotensin 11, potassium and ACTH levels. Metoclopramide given during chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensin system caused anxiety and agitation in 2 patients. The increase in plasma aldosterone following competitive dopamine blockade in the face of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, unchanged plasma potassium and ACTH levels strongly suggests that in hypertensive patients, dopamine exerts a direct inhibitory effect on aldosterone secretion.
Synthetic Patch for Scleral Tissue Loss (1997)

We report a case in which traumatic scleral tissue loss was surgically treated by a synthetic patch used in neurosurgical procedures. In the present case the patch served as a permanent solution to scleral loss. The patch is available commercially and easily stored. In the light of our experience, we suggest that this patch material be considered for both urgent and semi-elective scleral patching procedures.
Modeling of lignite combustion in atmospheric fluidized bed combustors. 2. Model validation and simulation (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModeling of lignite combustion in atmospheric fluidized bed combustors. 2. Model validation and simulationJuan Adanez, Juan C. Abanades, Luis F. De Diego, and Francisco Garcia-LabianoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 10, 2296–2303Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00010a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00010a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
COMPARISON OF SIGMA–DELTA CONVERTER CIRCUIT ARCHITECTURES IN DIGITAL CMOS TECHNOLOGY (2005)

Integration of analog-to-digital signal conversion circuits into digital submicron silicon chips is required for many applications. This is typically implemented by sigma–delta circuits, which can provide good resolution without requiring trimming of component values. This paper presents an analytical comparison of noise performance in four alternative sigma–delta circuit configurations which have been presented in the literature, consisting of discrete-time and continuous-time integration in voltage-mode and in current-mode. For high resolution, superiority of switched-capacitor circuits over the alternatives is shown, based on process technology considerations. Design guidelines are outlined for selecting oversampling rate and other key parameters, in order to obtain maximal data resolution.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 11‐HYDROXYMETHYL‐2,3‐NAPHTHO‐18‐CROWN‐6 AND ITS CONVERSION INTO A HIGHLY LIPOPHILIC CROWN CARBOXYLIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Nach den im Formelschema angegebenen Verfahren wird aus dem Dihydroxynaphthol (I) die Kronenether‐carbonsäure (Xb) hergestellt.
Fractal Analysis of Flocculation in Suspensions: Effect of Retention Aids. (1993)

A number of factors affect flocculation.The influences on flocculation by these factors have been estimated by the coefficient of variation of the transmitted light intensity or gray level and the distribution of floc size.These factors affect not only the floc size distribution but also the shape of flocs.It was found that the fractal dimension can express the floc shape of areas which vary from 1 mm2 to 300 mm2.The energy given to a pulp slurry on a paper machine can be divided into two processes : one used to weaken and/or activate the network and rupture the flocs, the others used to build-up the flocs.As the floc formation proceeds, the shape of flocs tends to become simpler.On the other hand, as the dispersion proceeds, the shape of flocs tends to be more complicated.The shape of flocs is a result of the equilibrium of the forming and dispersion processes.When we compare single and dual system in retention aid, the flocs in dual system have simpler shape and smaller average floc size than single system at the same level of coefficient of variation.The difference in behavior of floc size distribution and floc shape against the shear force may be caused by the difference in the mechanism of flocculation.The shape of the floc is a good index to describe the conditions of the slurry such as the distribution of floc size and the coefficient of variation.
Muromonab‐CD3 therapy for refractory rejections after liver transplantation: a single‐center experience during two decades in Japan (2010)

Optimal induction of MCD3 triggered recovery from refractory rejections, especially in LT recipients in a stable condition, but not in those in a critical or compromised condition.
A mouse model for Sorsby fundus dystrophy (2002)

The knock-in mice display early features of age-related changes in Bruch's membrane and the RPE that may represent the primary clinical manifestations of SFD. In addition, our immunolabeling studies and biochemical data support a model proposing that site-specific excess rather than absence or deficiency of functional Timp3 may be the primary consequence of the known Timp3 mutations.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED HIGH YIELDING PREPARATION OF<i>N</i>-PROTECTED 2′-DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDES USEFUL FOR OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS (2002)

A rapid and high yielding method for the synthesis of precursors of synthons for DNA synthesis, N-protected 2'-deoxyribonucleosides is described, which occur under mild conditions using microwave irradiation. The desired material, N-protected nucleosides, was obtained in 93-96% yield in few minutes. The final products were then characterized by 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF and compared with the standard samples. The method is amenable to small to moderate scale of synthesis.
Outboard Split Flap Aerodynamics of a Flying Wing Configuration (2018)

The yaw-control device of a low-aspect-ratio
flying-wing configuration is investigated. The
novel layout of the so-called outboard split flap
with its hinge-line along the swept leading edge
is designed to achieve beneficial yaw-control
characteristics. Force and moment measurements
as well as stereo particle image velocimetry measurements
allow for the analysis of the aerodynamics
of the control device. Additionally, Unsteady
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations
are performed and compared to the experimental
data. Different outboard split flap deflections
are investigated at zero degree angle of
attack and sideslip. The created force and moment
increments of the deflected flap show, that
the yawing moment is created by a force vector
composed of a drag and side force contribution of
similar magnitude. The effective lever arm of the
outboard flap increases with the flap deflection
angle and reaches a value of the magnitude of the
wing half span. The wake flow shows significant
axial and lateral velocities in consequence of the
deflected flap, which can be associated with the
forces originating at the flap. The numerical results
represent the characteristics of the outboard
flap well with minor deviations in the absolute values.
The urban anthropologist as flâneur; The symbolic pattern of Indonesian cities (2012)

Cities are places full of symbols. In the past decades, Indonesian cities have become the cradle of urban symbolism studies. In this article, the author presents the results of these studies. The cities researched differ tremendously, ranging from the national capital to provincial capitals and small towns; some of them, such as Jakarta, are purely colonial in origin, while others are more or less traditional in character. Some of them have a top-down symbolic structure, largely the product of government activities, while others have symbolic configurations which have a more grassroots character and are based in the religious domain. The methodological aspect of urban symbolism fieldwork is explored by the introduction of the concept of flâneur.