gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of chromosome analysis and BCL‐1 rearrangement in a series of patients with multiple myeloma (1992)

Translocation (11;14)(q13;q32) is a recurring chromosome abnormality which is found non-randomly in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially of follicular type, as well as in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and multiple myeloma. To define further the prevalence of this abnormality in multiple myeloma, we studied a series of 17 patients with this disease with concomitant chromosome analysis and Southern blotting, using a probe specific for the major translocation cluster of the BCL-1 oncogene which is located at chromosome 11q13. Karyotype analysis of 14 evaluable patients revealed three cases with abnormalities of chromosome 11q13, two of them with t(11;14)(q13;q32) and one with del (11)(q13). Southern blot analysis showed no rearrangements in BclI and HindIII digests of DNA from 17 patients including the three patients with anomaly of chromosome 11q13, using a BCL-1 specific probe. A possible restriction length polymorphism was detected in EcoRI cut DNA of five out of 11 patients studied. Therefore the chromosomal break point in our cases with abnormality of chromosome 11q13 must lie outside the major translocation cluster of the BCL-1 gene. However, in centrocytic lymphoma rearrangement of the BCL-1 oncogene has been detected in up to 50% of cases. Location of the break point may therefore be dependent on the differentiation of the transformed B-cell.
Trading Natural Gas: Cash, Futures, Options and Swaps (1997)

Part 1 Market overview: the past the present. Part 2 The physical (cash) natural gas market business activity supply fundamentals demand fundamentals demand fundamentals transportation physical transaction types. Part 3 The financial natural gas market: value pricing and trading. Part 4 Hedging and trading instruments: financial market terminology futures indexes swaps futures look-alike swaps basis swaps index swaps swing swaps EFPs triggers options. Part 5 Structured transactions. Part 6 Building a risk management model: centralized risk management model.
Erythropoietin attenuates renal injury in experimental acute renal failure ischaemic/reperfusion model (2005)

Administration of EPO as a single dose before the onset of ischaemia produced a significant reduction in tubular injury, which was accompanied by a marked amelioration of renal functional impairment. The cytoprotective action of EPO against I/R injury seems to be associated with its anti-apoptotic action. Moreover, transcription factor NF-kappaB is likely to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of I/R renal injury and might have a key role in EPO-mediated protective effects.
Zur Telomerisierung von Isopren mit Palladium‐Komplexen bei niedriger Temperatur (1985)

On the Telomerization of Isoprene at Low Temperature The telomerization of isoprene was carried out by means of a catalyst system of Pd(acac) 2 /PPh 3 and complexes of the type Pd(acac) 2 · L (L = PPh 3 ; py; NHEt 2 ) at 298 K. The reaction in methanol gave 8‐methoxy‐2, 7‐dimethyl‐octa‐1, 6‐diene (3a) , 8‐methoxy‐3, 7‐dimethyl‐octa‐1, 6‐diene (4a) and oligomer products. 2, 7‐Dimethyl‐octa‐1,3, 7‐triene (1) , 8‐i‐propoxy‐2, 7‐dimethyl‐octa‐1, 6‐diene (3b) and oligomer products were obtained in i‐PrOH. During the reaction a formation phase of the catalyst was observed.
Scrutinizing The President: Davis As Husband, Foe, Leader, And Symbol (1999)

The eight essays included in Jefferson Davis's Generals stem from papers written by various authors and presented to the editor's Civil War Institute at Gettysburg. Five of the papers discuss relations between commander in chief Davis and some of his full generals: J.E. Johnston, R.E. Lee, Be....
An A-C vehicle generating system (1947)

Wide speed-range operation is essential for vehicular generating systems, and only d-c machines have been practical to date. An alternator-rectifier system with high output and efficiency comparable with the d-c system is presented.
On the Sequential Nature ofInterprocedural Program-Analysis Problems (2008)

Abstract In this paper, westudy two interprocedural program-analysis problems—interprocedural slicing and interprocedural dataflow analysis—and present the following results: • Interprocedural slicing is log-space complete forP. • The problem of obtaining “meet-over-all-valid-paths ” solutions to interprocedural dataflow analysis problems isPhard. • Obtaining “meet-over-all-valid-paths ” solutions to interprocedural gen/kill dataflow analysis problems is log-space complete forP. These results provide evidence that there do not exist fast (NC-class) parallel algorithms for interprocedural slicing and interprocedural dataflow analysis (unlessP ⊆NC). That is, it is unlikely that there are algorithms for interprocedural slicing and interprocedural dataflow analysis for which the number of processors is bounded by a polynomial in the size of the input, and whose running time is bounded by a polynomial in the logarithm of the size of the input. This suggests that there are limitations on the ability to use parallelism to overcome compiler bottlenecks due to expensive interprocedural-analysis computations. 1.
Molecular beam epitaxy of pseudomorphic silicon/carbon superlattices on silicon substrates (1995)

We describe the molecular beam epitaxy growth of superlattices where silicon layers with a thickness between 3 and 10 nm alternate with very thin carbon layers. High resolution x-ray diffraction reveals that the superlattices are of excellent crystalline quality and are pseudomorphic with respect to the silicon substrate. From a dynamical simulation of the diffraction spectra we conclude that the nominal carbon layers are in fact silicon–carbon alloys with a carbon content up to 50%. Given the large lattice mismatch of more than 10% of such an alloy to the silicon substrate, astonishingly thick superlattices with up to 100 periods can be grown without lattice relaxation.
Real-Time Motion Capture: An Overview (2016)

Many emerging motion-related applications, such as virtual reality, decision making, and health monitoring, demand reliability and quick response upon input changes. Motion capture has been a well-researched topic in the past decades with applications in many industries. The ability to capture motion goes hand in hand with real-time capability in a system. This paper gives an overview on real-time motion capture, including frameworks, recording devices, and algorithms. Using real-time motion capture as a tool to solve application problems is also described.
Seismic Imaging and Optimal Transport (2018)

Seismology has been an active science for a long time. It changed character about 50 years ago when the earth's vibrations could be measured on the surface more accurately and more frequently in space and time. The full wave field could be determined, and partial differential equations (PDE) started to be used in the inverse process of finding properties of the interior of the earth. We will briefly review earlier techniques but mainly focus on Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) for the acoustic formulation. FWI is a PDE constrained optimization in which the variable velocity in a forward wave equation is adjusted such that the solution matches measured data on the surface. The minimization of the mismatch is usually coupled with the adjoint state method, which also includes the solution to an adjoint wave equation. The least-squares norm is the conventional objective function measuring the difference between simulated and measured data, but it often results in the minimization trapped in local minima. One way to mitigate this is by selecting another misfit function with better convexity properties. Here we propose using the quadratic Wasserstein metric as a new misfit function in FWI. The optimal map defining the quadratic Wasserstein metric can be computed by solving a Monge-Ampere equation. Theorems pointing to the advantages of using optimal transport over the least-squares norm will be discussed, and a number of large-scale computational examples will be presented.
Medication compliance in the elderly. (1995)

The consequences of drug noncompliance may be serious in older patients. Estimates of the extent of noncompliance in the elderly vary, ranging from 40% to a high of 75%. Three common forms of drug treatment noncompliance are found in the elderly: overuse and abuse, forgetting, and alteration of schedules and doses. Some older patients who are acutely ill may take more than the prescribed dose of a medication in the mistaken belief that more of the drug will speed their recovery. Such overuse has clearly been associated with adverse drug effects. Forgetting to take a medication is a common problem in older people and is especially likely when an older patient takes several drugs simultaneously. Data suggest that the use of three or more drugs a day places elderly people at particular risk of poor compliance. The use of at least three drugs, and often more, is common in the elderly, with estimates of as many as 25% of older people taking at least three drugs. Averages of drug use among elderly hospitalized patients suggest that eight drugs taken simultaneously may be typical. Problems may also arise when dementia or depression is present, which may interfere with memory. The most common noncompliant behavior of the elderly appears to be underuse of the prescribed drug. Inappropriate drug discontinuation, furthermore, may occur in up to 40% of prescribing situations, particularly within the first year of a chronic care regimen. As many as 10% of elderly people may take drugs prescribed for others; more than 20% may take drugs not currently prescribed by a physician.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Some Experimental Issues in Financial Fraud Detection: An Investigation (2016)

Financial fraud detection is an important problem with a number of design aspects to consider. Issues such as algorithm selection and performance analysis will affect the perceived ability of proposed solutions, so for auditors and re-searchers to be able to sufficiently detect financial fraud it is necessary that these issues be thoroughly explored. In this paper we will revisit the key performance metrics used for financial fraud detection with a focus on credit card fraud, critiquing the prevailing ideas and offering our own understandings. There are many different performance metrics that have been employed in prior financial fraud detection research. We will analyse several of the popular metrics and compare their effectiveness at measuring the ability of detection mechanisms. We further investigated the performance of a range of computational intelligence techniques when applied to this problem domain, and explored the efficacy of several binary classification methods.
Integration of Independently Designed Military Communication Systems (1961)

The existence of many special purpose military communication systems will be pointed out, and the efficiency resulting from integrating these separate systems is discussed, as against the technical complexities involved in modifying them for interconnection. The various degrees of integration is considered, from maintaining separate channels on shared-baseband systems to complete interconnection facilities among the end instruments or input-output devices of the systems concerned. The constraints on switching arrangements dictated by minimum over-all transmission quality are considered, particularly as they affect alternative routing. Also examined is the practicality of reducing these constraints by limiting certain end-instrument stations to access to a limited number of other stations in the many cases in which such end-instrument stations have no occasion to be connected to more than a very limited group of other stations. Automatic interconnection between systems having different numbering plans presents problems which are not always easily solved. The solution by the establishment of a common over-all numbering plan might require small systems with short messages to use too large a precentage of circuit time in establishing a connection. Considerations involved in integrating voice and data systems are discussed, as well as considerations in combining message-switching and line-switching systems. Finally, the importance of definitely established quantitative standards in integrating systems is emphasized, and various activities involved in the establishment of such standards are reviewed.
Immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and nm-23 H1 antioncogene in prostate cancer: divergent correlation with clinicopathological parameters. (2001)

nm-23 H1 appears to be a tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, while TGF-beta 1 may act as a stimulating agent provoking aggressive behavior and metastasis. Their immunohistochemical staining may constitute complementary information in the evaluation of prostate cancer patients.
An Efficiency-Improved Outphasing Power Amplifier Using RF Pulse Modulation (2010)

This letter presents a method for improving the efficiency of an outphasing amplifier by pulse modulating the input signals. By pulse modulating the two input signals to the outphasing amplifier, the outphasing angle can be kept small and hence attain higher efficiency. Whereas, compared to a pulse modulated polar transmitter, the need for high resolution pulsewidth modulation is reduced. To validate the proposed technique, a prototype transmitter system is constructed using commercially available components. Using a CDMA2000 1X signal at 836.5 MHz, the proposed technique achieved a 26% improvement in power-added efficiency compared to a conventional outphasing amplifier at 25.2 dBm output power level while passing the adjacent and alternate channel power ratios for the CDMA2000 standard.
Effects on spleen colony-forming unit self-renewal after retroviral-mediated gene transfer of multi-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (1991)

C57BL/6 mice were established to constitutively produce multi-colony-stimulating factor (multi-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by transplantation with post-5-fluorouracil-treated syngeneic marrow cells infected with retroviral vectors bearing the corresponding growth factor complementary DNAs. At 2-4 weeks after transplantation, these mice had a 2-7-fold increase in spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S) numbers when compared to control animals transplanted with MPZipNeo-infected marrow cells. Most of the CFU-S in the former animals were located in the spleen, whereas those of control mice were found in the marrow. The increase in total CFU-S content in recipients of CSF-infected mice was not due to an increase in self-renewal ability but rather to the recruitment of more primitive cells, as there were no differences in CFU-S content of spleen colonies generated from marrow cells of either group. Neither were there any differences in the cellular composition of these spleen colonies or in the size or distribution of cell types in secondary spleen colonies generated from these spleen colonies, suggesting the inability of any of the three CSFs to alter the differentiation pattern of CFU-S.
Fine’s McTaggart: Reloaded (2017)

In this paper I will present three arguments (based on the notions of constitution, metaphysical reality, and truth, respectively) with the aim of shedding some new light on the structure of Fine’s (2005, 2006) ‘McTaggartian’ arguments against the reality of tense. Along the way, I will also (i) draw a novel map of the main realist positions about tense, (ii) unearth a previously unnoticed but potentially interesting form of external relativism (which I will label ‘hyper-presentism’) and (iii) sketch a novel interpretation of Fine’s fragmentalism (which I contrast with Lipman’s 2015, 2016b, forthcoming).
Organic Photovoltaic Cells Based on Molecular Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions (2010)

Small molecule based organic photovoltaic cells have attracted considerable interest as a potential solution for low-cost solar energy conversion in the near future. In this review, we first discuss the operation, advantages, and limitations of three different molecular donor-acceptor heterojunction structures. We then discuss the phase separation in molecule donor-acceptor mixtures and its impact on the photovoltaic performance. Methods to achieve bulk heterojunctions with controlled nanoscale geometry are also reviewed. Finally, we provide an outlook on major remaining challenges to the further development of this photovoltaic technology.
Genetic Diagnosis and Testing in Clinical Practice (2006)

Genetic testing is defined as "the analysis of human DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins and certain metabolites in order to detect heritable disease-related genotypes, mutations, phenotypes or karyotypes for clinical purposes." This article focuses on diagnostic and predictive genetic testing. The latter includes presymptomatic testing, which identifies individuals who are expected to become ill in the future and predisposition testing, which identifies those who are at increased risk of becoming ill. Decisions regarding genetic testing must be based not only on the analytic accuracy, availability and cost of the test, but on the clinical utility as well, including the sensitivity, specificity and interpretability of results. Clinical information, including the medical and family history and the findings of the physical examination, is vital for the selection of appropriate diagnostic tests, as well as the interpretation of the results. Presymptomatic genetic testing is a very personal choice that should only be made after the patient has had sufficient counseling to develop an understanding of the risks and benefits of the test and is able to make an informed decision. The same principle applies to predisposition testing; however, additional factors, such as the probability of a positive result, the likelihood that the disease will actually develop in those with positive results, the effect on the management of the index patient, the effects on family members, the risk of false reassurance if the result is negative or the potential for loss of hope if it is positive, all contribute to the assessment of risk versus benefit. Clinical evaluation and counseling of the patient who is at risk for a genetic disorder are labor intensive but essential for the selection and interpretation of genetic tests.
Microwave measurements and <i>ab initio</i> calculations of structural and electronic properties of N-Et-1,2-azaborine (2009)

Rotational transitions for N-Et-1,2-azaborine were measured in the 5-13 GHz range using a Flygare-Balle type Fourier transform spectrometer system. Twelve distinct rotational transitions with over 130 resolved hyperfine components, which included a-dipole and b-dipole transitions, were measured and analyzed to obtain rotational constants and (11)B and (14)N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in the principal rotational axis system. Rotational constants obtained are A=4477.987(4), B=1490.5083(7), and C=1230.6728(6) MHz. The quadrupole coupling constants for (11)B are eQq(aa)=-1.82(1), (eQq(bb)-eQq(cc))=-3.398(4) MHz, and for (14)N, eQq(aa)=1.25(1), (eQq(bb)-eQq(cc))=0.662(4) MHz. Quantum electronic structure calculations predict a ground-state structure with the ethyl group perpendicular to the azaborine plane and rotational constants in very good agreement with the measured structure and rotational constants. The theoretical conformational analysis of the ethyl group rotation around the N[Single Bond]C bond in relation to the heterocyclic ring yielded an asymmetric torsional potential energy surface with barrier heights of about 900 and 1350 cm(-1) for the N-Et-1,2-azaborine. Results of the measurements and calculations indicate that the basic molecular structure of N-Et-1,2-azaborine is similar to ethylbenzene. Electrostatic potential calculations qualitatively show that pi-electron density is somewhat delocalized around the 1,2-azaborine ring.
Dielectric, Thermal, and Pyroelectric Properties of Ferroelectric LiTa<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1968)

Measurements of the dielectric constant $\ensuremath{\kappa}$, specific heat ${c}_{p}$, and pyroelectric coefficient $\frac{d{P}_{s}}{\mathrm{dT}}$ of LiTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been made over the temperature range from 25 to 700\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The experimental technique enabled all these measurements to be made simultaneously or consecutively on the same sample. In each of these measurements pronounced anomalies were observed at the ferroelectric Curie temperature ${T}_{C}=618\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$C, clearly indicating a transition of the second order. From the pyroelectric and specific-heat measurements, the temperature dependence of the spontaneous polarization has been obtained to within 5% accuracy. At temperatures $T$ where $\frac{T}{{T}_{C}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.9$ it was found that ${{P}_{s}}^{2}\ensuremath{\propto}(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{C})$ and $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}\ensuremath{\propto}(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{C})$, in accordance with thermodynamic theory, and the specific-heat data are entirely consistent with these measurements.
Norwegian support for small enterprises in the fight against poverty (2000)

I AM GRATEFUL for this opportunity to address the readers and staff of Small Enterprise Development. I am happy to see that the journal has already reached its tenth anniversary. During these years it has become a highly respected and relevant journal in the field of small business and microenterprise development. It has clearly demonstrated its relevance both for the research community, public institutions like NORAD as well as for the many NGOs active in this field. The journal ensures a much needed and high-quality exchange of research, experiences and ideas within this area of such high importance in our common fight against poverty. Congratulations! During the 1980s the donor community and in particular the Bretton Woods Institutions focused heavily on macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization. ‘Getting the prices right’ was seen as the key issue in creating the right framework conditions for development and growth in developing countries. Correcting price distortions is undoubtedly an important element in creating a better and more reliable investment climate. However, the experience of the 1980s demonstrated clearly that this is far from enough. There are other key obstacles to investment and growth, such as inappropriate legal frameworks, weak institutions, lack of skilled human capital, difficult access to credit and technology, and so on. These obstacles need to be addressed more directly in order to promote investment, growth and development. Furthermore, the overall objective of development assistance is poverty reduction. Economic growth is a key element in any strategy for poverty reduction. We know that there is no automatic ‘trickle down’, however, and experience has shown that the links between economic growth and poverty reduction can be weak. The pattern of growth is a determining factor for the degree of poverty reduction resulting from economic growth. Hence the kind of investments and economic activity that we promote and support has implicatons for the degree of poverty reduction that we can achieve. Since poverty reduction is our overall objective, we need to promote economic activities from which poor people benefit one way or another. Promoting income-generating activities among the poor is therefore a key element of NORAD’s strategy for poverty reduction, as well as in our strategy for private sector development which was approved in 1998. The Norwegian strategy underlines that effective support for private sector development in developing countries requires a broad approach and efforts at several levels: