gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waveguide for Bose-Einstein condensates (2001)

We report on the creation of Bose-Einstein condensates of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ in a specially designed hybrid, optical dipole and magnetic trap. This trap naturally allows the coherent transfer of matter waves into a pure optical dipole potential waveguide based on a doughnut beam. Specifically, we present studies of the coherence of the ensemble in the hybrid trap and during the evolution in the waveguide by means of an autocorrelation interferometer scheme. We observe a mean-field dominated acceleration in the waveguide on a much longer time scale than in the free three-dimensional expansion.
Formation of 5-hydroxykynurenine and 5-hydroxykynurenamine from 5-hydroxytryptophan in rabbit small intestine (1979)

In order to clarify the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [indole:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing), EC 1.13.11.17] in the metabolism of serotonin, DL-5-hydroxy[methylene-(14)C]tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin, was incubated with slices of rabbit ileum. Resulting metabolites were separated by DEAE-cellulose column and polyamide column chromatography and identified by various chromatographic techniques and enzymatic analysis. Metabolites obtained in significant amounts were serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophol, 5-hydroxykynurenine, 5-hydroxykynurenamine, and 4,6-dihydroxyquinoline, representing 13.2, 15.8, 7.0, 21.9, 1.3, and 2.6% of the total metabolites, respectively. The first three compounds were previously reported to be major metabolites produced from 5-hydroxytryptophan by the action of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase, whereas the last three are formed by the cleavage of the indole ring by the action of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In the presence of pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, the major metabolites obtained were serotonin, 5-hydroxykynurenine, and 5-hydroxykynurenamine, representing 29.6, 26.6, and 5.4% of the total metabolites, respectively. In the presence of RO4-4602, an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, 5-hydroxykynurenine was the sole major product. These results strongly suggest that the newly discovered metabolic pathway involving the cleavage of the indole ring of 5-hydroxytryptophan operates in vivo to a significant extent and that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase plays an important role in the regulation of serotonin levels in the small intestine of the rabbit.
Effect of Zinc Sulphate and Farmyard Manure on Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuous) under Sodic Water Irrigation (2010)

Effects of zinc sulphate, farmyard manure (FYM) and zinc-enriched farmyard manure on the soil chemical properties and yield of two varieties (viz. Pragati and Praman) of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus steud wats) under sodic water (EC 3.5 dS m−1, RSC 10.0 me L−1 and SAR 21.0) irrigation was studied in the open bottom reinforced concrete cemented cylindrical (RCC) barrels embedded in the field. Sodic water significantly increased the pH, electrolyte conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio of saturation extract (SARe) and decreased the available zinc in root zone as compared to tube well water (EC 0.7 dS m−1; RSC 2.0 me L−1 and SAR 1.3) irrigated soils. The application of zinc sulphate, FYM and Zn-enriched FYM to soils decreased the pH and increased the available Zn content of sodic-water-irrigated soils, whereas the application of FYM increased the EC and SARe of irrigated soils. The total herb and oil yield of lemongrass was significantly reduced by the application of sodic water as compared to tube well water. Application of zinc sulphate increased the yield of Praman when irrigated with sodic water, but the application of FYM to soil increased the negative effects of irrigation of sodic water on both the varieties of lemongrass. The concentration of Na was significantly higher and that of K, Ca, Mg and Zn lower in the shoot tissues of lemongrass irrigated with the sodic water than with the tube well water. The application of zinc sulphate with sodic water decreased the concentration of Na and enhanced the concentration of K, Ca and Zn in the shoot tissues of lemongrass as compared to sodic water alone.
Application of the BPEC Pathway for Large-Scale Biotechnological Production of Poly(3-Mercaptopropionate) by Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> , Including a Novel In Situ Isolation Method (2005)

Metabolically engineered Escherichia coli JM109 harboring plasmid pBPP1 and expressing the nonnatural BPEC pathway for synthesis of thermoplastic polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and novel polythioesters (PTE) to provide suitable substrates of PHA synthase was investigated with respect to biotechnological production of poly(3-mercaptopropionate) [poly(3MP)]. Fed-batch fermentation processes were established at the 30- and 500-liter scales in stirred tank bioreactors to produce kilogram amounts of poly(3MP). Cultivation was done in a modified M9 mineral salts medium containing glucose or glycerol as the carbon and energy source and with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MP) as the precursor substrate for poly(3MP) biosynthesis provided from the late exponential growth phase. Approximately 23 g of cell dry matter (CDM) per liter and poly(3MP) cell contents of up to 45% (wt/wt) were the highest cell densities and polymer contents obtained, respectively. At best, 69.1% (wt/wt) of 3MP was converted into poly(3MP), indicating that 3MP was mostly used for poly(3MP) biosynthesis. Furthermore, a novel in situ process for rapid and convenient isolation of poly(3MP) from the cells in the bioreactor was developed. This was achieved by addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to the cultivation broth immediately after the fermentation, heating to 90 degrees C for 20 min with intensive stirring, and subsequent washing steps. The purity of such in situ isolated poly(3MP) was more than 98%, as revealed by gas chromatographic and elemental sulfur analyses of the material isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of New Elastase Inhibitors. Part 1. 1,1‐ Dioxocephem‐4‐thiolesters. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relativity and Reality (1931)

Relativity and Reality Get access Oliver L. Reiser Oliver L. Reiser University of Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Monist, Volume 41, Issue 4, 1 October 1931, Pages 512–534, https://doi.org/10.5840/monist19314142 Published: 23 December 2014
Is There a Need for Smooth Muscle Cell Transplantation in Urethral Reconstruction? (2013)

SMC-seeded tubular collagen scaffolds improved urethral regeneration in this rabbit model. Such constructs may be valuable for repair of severe urethral diseases.
A FACILE ONE-POT PREPARATION OF ISOTHIOCYANATES FROM<i>N</i>-FORMAMIDES AND SULFUR POWDER WITH<i>bis</i>(TRICHLOROMETHYL) CARBONATE (2004)

(2004). A FACILE ONE-POT PREPARATION OF ISOTHIOCYANATES FROM N-FORMAMIDES AND SULFUR POWDER WITH bis(TRICHLOROMETHYL) CARBONATE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 283-286.
Cell death and changes in the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in rubrospinal neurons following spinal cord hemisection in the adult rat (1983)

Abstract Most of the hypotheses that have been proposed to explain why the injured mammalian spinal cord is not capable of extensive regeneration have suggested that the internal milieu of the injured spinal cord is not conducive to repair. Relatively little attention has been directed toward neuronal cell death as being contributory to the minimal amount of spinal cord regeneration. The present study suggests that the availability of regenerating axons in the injured spinal cord may be limited by the death of axotomized supraspinal neurons in the adult mammal. Adult rats were subjected to a right spinal cord hemisection at T 1 followed by a second, more rostral right hemisection at C 2 Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the rostral hemisection site to acquire information on the metabolic changes that occur in HRP‐labeled rubrospinal neurons after axotomy. In the experimental animals, a delay of 9‐219 days occurred between the two operations whereas there was no delay between the two procedures in the control animals. An analysis of neuronal counts indicated that although there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the number of labeled rubrospinal neurons in the contralateral red nucleus of the experimental animals compared to controls, there was also a smaller, yet significant (P < 0.01) increase in the number of nonlabeled neurons in the experimental animals. The mean total number (both labeled and nonla beled) of neurons in the experimental animals (2,269 ± 348 cells), however, was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the mean total number of neurons in the control animals (3,473 ± 488 cells). Thus, it is concluded that extensive cell death occurs in the red nucleus of the adult rat following spinal cord hemisection. The increase in the number of nonlabeled neurons coupled with an overall decrease in the intensity of the HRP reaction in labeled neurons of the experimental animals indicates that HRP retrograde transport is reduced in chronically axotomized rubrospinal neurons. This suggests that the retrograde axonal transport system may be used as an instrument to gauge the metabolic state of injured CNS neurons. This technique may enable us to gain a better understanding of degeneration and regeneration in the injured mammalian spinal cord.
Different Requirements for T Cells Responding to Various Doses of Concanavalin A (1978)

Con A is known to activate T cells to proliferation and the development of effector cells. Conflicting reports have been published as to the need for accessory cells in the T-cell response induced by Con A. We have found that the proliferative response in purified mouse spleen T cells induced by various doses of Con A requires different culture conditions and helper cells. The Con-A-induced response induced by optimal and high concentrations of the ligand requires the presence of either serum or adherent cells obtained from the peritoneal cavity or the spleen. For induction of a proliferative response by low doses of Con A both serum and helper cells must be present. The T-cell response to suboptimal concentrations of Con A is further characterized by the fact that the presence of an Ia-positive cell is required. Removal of Ia-positive cells from purified T cells results in a loss of the response of remaining cells to low doses of Con A but has less effect on the response induced by higher concentrations of the activating ligand. The possibility that distinct subsets of T cells are responding to low and high concentrations of Con A will be discussed.
Transport properties of Tl-Ba/Sr-Ca-Cu-O metal sheathed superconducting tapes in magnetic fields (1991)

Ag- or Au-sheathed taped with a Tl-Ba/Sr-Ca-Cu-O core were fabricated by a drawing-rolling and subsequent pressing method. The tape prepared at an optimized condition yielded a transport J/sub c/ of 15900 A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K in the absence of a magnetic field, and 1100 A/cm/sup 2/ in a magnetic field of 1 T. The enhancement of J/sub c/ in a magnetic field was thought to be caused by an improved junction between grains and an unintentional introduction of a pinning center from various defects and unknown crystal phases. A 67-turn-pancake coil was made from a 10-m-long, 0.14-mm-thick and 2.5-mm-wide Ag-sheathed tape, which was capable of at least a 7-A critical current at 77 K in the absence of a magnetic field. The coil generated up to a maximum magnetic field of 103 G (a coil current of 3.0 A) without resistivity in liquid nitrogen.
Title Page / Contents / Acknowledgements / Dedication (1983)

of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions.This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
[Documents Relating to Linen and Hempen Manufacture] (1810)

Dr. Hempseed, Richard Magenis, Maurice Cane, H. S. King, James Corry, Robert J. Fowler, Thomas Sinclair, [Documents Relating to Linen and Hempen Manufacture], The Belfast Monthly Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 26 (Sep. 30, 1810), pp. 229-237
<title>Light-induced densification and mechanisms in hybrid sol-gel glasses for photonic devices</title> (1998)

We give an account of the use of in situ waveguide Raman spectroscopy to provide vibrational information about structural changes that occur when a hybrid organically modified silicate glass is irradiated with UV or visible photons. The method is useful for 'reading' what transpires in an optical waveguide device as it is being formed by photoinscription methods. We describe a novel method for photoinscribing a circular (d equals 10 micrometer) optical fiber core on a SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-coated Si wafer. This is achieved by photolysis of a visible light photoinitiator in a slab waveguide while a standing wave is established in the film with the 514.5 nm TE<SUB>0</SUB> mode of an argon ion laser. Simultaneous waveguide Raman spectroscopy (WRS) gave insight into structural changes in the matrix that ensue when the matrix is irradiated. As with UV induced densification, polymerization of the methacrylate groups by photoinitiation with visible light triggers further polycondensation reactions between unconverted equalsVSi-OCH<SUB>3</SUB> and equalsVSi-OH to tighten the glass matrix.
Synergetic system MoS/sub 2/ + Co/sub 9/S/sub 8/ in hydrodesulfurization catalysts (1977)

During operation, the Mo + Co catalysts become sulfided, and one has to account for the synergy of their sulfides. Some possible explanations for the synergetic activity are listed, and information which could help identify the right one is reviewed. (DLC)
Field Evaluation of the Revised Niosh Lifting Equation (2000)

The preliminary results of a prospective epidemiological study of the revised NIOSH lifting equation are presented. The baseline evaluations included assessment of lifting and lowering tasks with the revised NIOSH equation, as well as a questionnaire regarding personal variables. Subject follow-up was primarily accomplished through postal questionnaires, telephone interviews, and surveillance for workers' compensation claims for low-back disorders. The preliminary results reported are based on approximately 375 person-years of exposure; however, the follow-up period is still in progress. Important findings related to the usability of the revised NIOSH equation across several types of common exposures are also discussed.
Real gas CFD simulations of hydrogen/oxygen supercritical combustion (2013)

A comprehensive numerical framework has been established to simulate reacting flows under conditions typically encountered in rocket combustion chambers. The model implemented into the commercial CFD Code ANSYS CFX includes appropriate real gas relations based on the volume-corrected Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) for the flow field and a real gas extension of the laminar flamelet combustion model. The results indicate that the real gas relations have a considerably larger impact on the flow field than on the detailed flame structure. Generally, a realistic flame shape could be achieved for the real gas approach compared to experimental data from the Mascotte test rig V03 operated at ONERA when the differential diffusion processes were only considered within the flame zone.
Alternative options to traditional shoulder replacement (2013)

Many patients with glenohumeral arthritis are treated successfully with conventional unconstrained total shoulder arthroplasty. However, there exist subsets of patients that do not fare as well with conventional shoulder replacement techniques, such as in the case of the young patient with osteoarthritis, patients with focal humeral head lesions, and those with posttraumatic arthritis. Various open and arthroscopic techniques have been described for these conditions, and recent developments in treatment strategies have become of great interest to shoulder surgeons. Here we review such alternative surgical treatment options to traditional shoulder replacement for these patient subgroups.
An Integrated Microdistillation flow Injection System for Ammonia Measurement (1999)

ABSTRACT The development of an on-line ammonia preconcentration system based on microdistillation is reported. The combination of microdistillation and flow injection gives rise to an improved analytical technique. This method has good throughput (15-20 samples per hour), requires a small sample volume (6.0 ml) and has a low detection limit (2 μg/l). Microdistillation brings the further advantage of using a pH electrode, non-specific for ammonia, as the sensing device. Evaluation of the method showed excellent correlation with the standard phenate method, and good precision for ammonia determination.
Automated segmentation and alignment of mitotic nuclei for kymograph visualisation (2011)

The mechanics of many biological processes can only be uncovered through the analysis of spatio-temporal data. Kymographs are a popular tool for visualising dynamic processes whose movements can be mapped into a single dimension, such as mitosis, or cell division. However, global movements of a cell means the region of interest (ROI) used to create the kymograph must move with each frame. Here we present an automated algorithm for the selection of dynamic ROIs to allow the construction of kymographs of proteins associated with the mitotic spindle in Drosophila embryos. We segment a dividing nucleus using a level set coupled to a shape model, which we then use to align the segmented nuclei to a common frame of reference.
Increased intestinal ABCA1 expression contributes to the decrease in cholesterol absorption after plant stanol consumption (2002)

The hypocholesterolemic effect of plant stanols is explained by a decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption due to a competition between plant stanols and cholesterol for incorporation into mixed micelles. Earlier we had suggested that plant stanols have a so far unknown action inside the enterocytes. The recent discovery of the involvement of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cholesterol absorption was a lead to further explore the hypocholesterolemic mechanism of plant stanols. We found that mixed micelles enriched with sitostanol or with cholesterol plus sitostanol were potent inducers of ABCA1 expression in caco-2 cells, an accepted model to study human intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. Based on these findings, we now hypothesize that plant stanols--and possibly plant sterols--increase ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux back into the intestinal lumen. We further hypothesize that intracellular levels of plant stanols are monitored by the same sensors (SREBP-2 and LXR) as those that monitor cholesterol. Consequently, increased plant stanol levels within the enterocyte activate cholesterol efflux through ABCA1- but not SREBP-2-mediated endogenous cholesterol synthesis even if intracellular cholesterol concentrations are lowered through consumption of plant stanols. If our hypothesis is correct, then the LXR pathway may be a target for dietary regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism.
Platelet stimulation releases a cAMP-dependent protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates a plasma protein. (1988)

Rabbit serum is shown to contain a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (biochemically characterized as type II) that specifically phosphorylates a 135-kDa endogenous protein. This endogenous phosphorylation can be reproduced with platelet-rich plasma, after stimulation with thrombin, but not with plasma devoid of platelets. Stimulation of isolated platelets ("washed" by gel filtration) with either thrombin or ADP brings about a release of this kinase. The supernatant of these stimulated platelets, which contains the kinase, does not undergo a cAMP-dependent endogenous phosphorylation because it does not contain the 135-kDa protein substrate. On the other hand, plasma devoid of platelets does not contain cAMP-dependent protein kinase. By combining the supernatant of the physiologically stimulated platelets with the plasma devoid of platelets, it is possible to reconstitute the system and to reproduce the specific endogenous phosphorylation of the 135-kDa target substrate. On the basis of the above evidence it is proposed that upon physiological stimulation of platelets, they release into the blood a cAMP-dependent protein kinase in addition to the well-known release of MgATP. This kinase specifically phosphorylates the 135-kDa plasma protein.
Time-frequency parameters of the surface myoelectric signal for assessing muscle fatigue during cyclic dynamic contractions (2001)

The time-dependent shift in the spectral content of the surface myoelectric signal to lower frequencies has proven to be a useful tool for assessing localized muscle fatigue. Unfortunately, the technique has been restricted to constant-force, isometric contractions because of limitations in the processing methods used to obtain spectral estimates. A novel approach is proposed for calculating spectral parameters from the surface myoelectric signal during cyclic dynamic contractions. The procedure was developed using Cohen class time-frequency transforms to define the instantaneous median and mean frequency during cyclic dynamic contractions. Changes in muscle length, force, and electrode position contribute to the nonstationarity of the surface myoelectric signal. These factors, unrelated to localized fatigue, can be constrained and isolated for cyclic dynamic contractions, where they are assumed to be constant for identical phases of each cycle. Estimation errors for the instantaneous median and mean frequency are calculated from synthesized signals. It is shown that the instantaneous median frequency is affected by an error slightly lower than that related to the instantaneous mean frequency. In addition, the authors present a sample application to surface myoelectric signals recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle during repetitive abduction/adduction of the index finger against resistance. Results indicate that the variability of the instantaneous median frequency is related to the repeatability of the biomechanics of the exercise.
The Three-dimensional Structure of a Tn5Transposase-related Protein Determined to 2.9-Å Resolution (1999)

Transposon Tn5 employs a unique means of self-regulation by expressing a truncated version of the transposase enzyme that acts as an inhibitor. The inhibitor protein differs from the full-length transposase only by the absence of the first 55 N-terminal amino acid residues. It contains the catalytic active site of transposase and a C-terminal domain involved in protein-protein interactions. The three-dimensional structure of Tn5 inhibitor determined to 2.9-A resolution is reported here. A portion of the protein fold of the catalytic core domain is similar to the folds of human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase, avian sarcoma virus integrase, and bacteriophage Mu transposase. The Tn5 inhibitor contains an insertion that extends the beta-sheet of the catalytic core from 5 to 9 strands. All three of the conserved residues that make up the "DDE" motif of the active site are visible in the structure. An arginine residue that is strictly conserved among the IS4 family of bacterial transposases is present at the center of the active site, suggesting a catalytic motif of "DDRE." A novel C-terminal domain forms a dimer interface across a crystallographic 2-fold axis. Although this dimer represents the structure of the inhibited complex, it provides insight into the structure of the synaptic complex.