gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MAINTENANCE TREATMENT WITH ERDOSTEINE ON EXACERBATION TREATMENT AND HEALTH STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH COPD: A POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF THE RESTORE DATASET (2022)

THE EFFECT OF MAINTENANCE TREATMENT WITH ERDOSTEINE ON EXACERBATION TREATMENT AND HEALTH STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH COPD: A POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF THE RESTORE DATASET Peter M.A. Calverley, Alberto Papi, Clive Page, Paola Rogliani, Roberto W. Dal Negro, Mario Cazzola, Arrigo F. Cicero, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha Aim: To explore the effect of erdosteine on COPD exacerbations, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and subjectively assessed COPD severity. Patients and methods: This post-hoc analysis of the RESTORE study included participants with COPD and spirometrically moderate (GOLD 2; post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] 50–79 % predicted; n = 254), or severe airflow limitation (GOLD 3; postbronchodilator FEV1 30–49 % predicted; n = 191) who received erdosteine 300 mg twice daily or placebo added to usual maintenance therapy for 12 months. Antibiotic and oral corticosteroid use was determined together with patientreported HRQoL (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ). Patient and physician subjective COPD severity scores (scale 0–4) were rated at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for exacerbation severity, COPD severity, and treatment group. Comparisons between treatment groups used Student’s t-tests or ANCOVA as appropriate. Results: Among GOLD 2 patients, 43 of 126 erdosteine-treated patients exacerbated (7 moderate-to-severe exacerbations), compared to 62 of 128 placebo-treated patients (14 moderate-to-severe exacerbations). Among those with moderate-to-severe exacerbations, erdosteine-treated patients had a shorter mean duration of corticosteroid treatment (11.4 days vs 13.3 days for placebo, P = 0.043), and fewer patients required antibiotic treatment with/without oral corticosteroids (71.4% vs 85.8% for placebo, P < 0.001). Erdosteine-treated GOLD 2 patients who exacerbated showed significant improvements from baseline in SGRQ total scores and subjective disease severity scores (patient- and physician-rated), compared with placebo-treated patients regardless of exacerbation severity. Among GOLD 3 p atients, there were no significant differences between treatment groups on any of these measures. Conclusion: Adding erdosteine to the usual maintenance therapy of COPD patients with moderate airflow limitation reduced the number of exacerbations, the duration of treatment with corticosteroids and the episodes requiring treatment with antibiotics. Additionally, treatment with erdosteine improved HRQoL and patient-reported disease severity. Keywords: antibiotic, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, erdosteine, COPD exacerbation, health-related quality of life, systemic
Purified NPC1 Protein (2007)

The Niemann-Pick, Type C1 protein (NPC1) is required for the transport of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol from lysosomes to endoplasmic reticulum. The 1278-amino acid, polytopic membrane protein has not been purified, and its mechanism of action is unknown. Unexpectedly, we encountered NPC1 in a search for a membrane protein that binds 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) and other oxysterols. A 25-HC-binding protein was purified more than 14,000-fold from rabbit liver membranes and identified as NPC1 by mass spectroscopy. We prepared recombinant human NPC1 and confirmed its ability to bind oxysterols, including those with a hydroxyl group on the 24, 25, or 27 positions. Hydroxyl groups on the 7, 19, or 20 positions failed to confer binding. Recombinant human NPC1 also bound [(3)H]cholesterol in a reaction inhibited by Nonidet P-40 above its critical micellar concentration. Low concentrations of unlabeled 25-HC abolished binding of [(3)H]cholesterol, but the converse was not true, i.e. unlabeled cholesterol, even at high concentrations, did not abolish binding of [(3)H]25-HC. NPC1 is not required for the known regulatory actions of oxysterols. Thus, in NPC1-deficient fibroblasts 25-HC blocked the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and activated acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in a normal fashion. The availability of assays to measure NPC1 binding in vitro may further the understanding of ways in which oxysterols regulate intracellular lipid transport.
Effects of proton irradiation on the performance of InP/GaAs solar cells (1991)

InP solar cells are known to be more radiation resistant than either GaAs or Si. In addition, AMO total area efficiencies approaching 19 percent were attained for InP. However, the present high substrate cost presents a barrier to the eventual widespread use of InP cells in space. In addition, if cell thinning becomes desirable, their relative fragility presents a problem. For these reasons, the NASA Lewis Research Center has initiated a program, aimed at producing thin InP cells, by heteroepitaxial deposition of InP on cheaper, more durable substrates. To date, a short term feasibility study as Spire has resulted in cells processed from InP heteroepitaxially deposited on Si substrates with an intervening thin GaAs layer (InP/GaAs/Si) and cells produced from InP deposited on GaAs (InP/GaAs). As a result of this short study efficiencies of over 7 and 9 percent were achieved for InP/GaAs/Si and InP/GaAs respectively. Although these efficiencies are low, they represent a modest and encouraging starting point for a more intensive program. Obviously, when considering economy and mechanical strength, cells processed on silicon substrates are preferred. However, although the InP/GaAs cells are not the final desirable products of this program, their properties serve to highlight several roadblocks to be overcome in producing cells with the more desirable cost and strength properties. Hence, in the present case, the properties of the InP/GaAs cells before and after irradiation by 10 MeV protons are examined. A similar study of InP/GaAs/Si cells will be reported on at a later date.
Directed <i>ortho</i>-Lithiation: Observation of an Unexpected 1-Lithio to 3-Lithio Conversion of 1-Lithio-naphthyllithium Compounds with an <i>ortho</i>-Directing 2-(Dimethylamino)methyl Group (2013)

Regioselectivity is an important aspect in the design of organic protocols involving Directed ortho-Lithiation (DoL) of arenes, in particular with those arenes containing heteroatom substituents as directing groups. The DoL of 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]naphthalene (dman) that proceeds with low regioselectivity was revisited by varying both the nature of the lithiating reagent (either n-BuLi or t-BuLi) and/or the solvent (pentane or diethyl ether); the 3-deuterated substrate, 3-Ddman, was also investigated as a substrate to compare to that of dman. The 3-lithio regioisomer exists as tetranuclear [2-(Me2NCH2)C10H6Li-3]4, 1, both in the solid state (X-ray) and in solution (NMR). The 1-lithio regioisomer, 2a, is insoluble; in the presence of additional coordinating solvents (Et2O) or ligands (dman), it exists as dinuclear [2-(Me2NCH2)C10H6Li-1]2·L (coordinated L = Et2O: 2b, dman: 2c) in apolar solvents. Heating solutions of 2c in toluene-d8 (to 90 °C) induced a surprisingly clean and quantitative 1-lithio to 3-lithio conversion of the 1-lithio-naphthalene isomer. This type of reaction is rare in organolithium chemistry and has obvious significant implications for the design of regioselective DoL protocols; this thus represents the synthetically useful protocol for the DoL of dman in a one-pot/two-step process in toluene solution. The results of the use of 3-Ddman in these reactions gives strong credence to a mechanism involving formation of the heteroleptic species [(2-(Me2NCH2)C10H6-1)(2-(Me2NCH2)C10H6-3)Li2]·[dman], A, as the key intermediate. Intramolecular trans-lithiation takes place with A; dman becomes selectively lithiated at its 3-position, while the formerly 1-lithio-naphthalene fragment, acting as a highly unusual ortho-lithiating reagent, is converted into the N-coordinated amine, dman. In this intramolecular DoL process, free dman can be considered to act as a catalyst.
Observation of shifts in total reflection of a light beam by a multilayered structure (1977)

A very strong amplification of both the longitudinal and the transverse shifts in total reflection of a light beam, rendering them easily observable, together with the filtering of the corresponding pair of polarization eigenmodes, has been obtained by using one single reflection at a multilayered interface. After presenting the general philosophy of this approach and summarizing the computational techniques used by one of us (Y. Levy), we describe the two experimental setups, and produce the photographic recording of our results. Some theoretical implications of these are very briefly discussed in our conclusion.
Photoinduced electron transfers with carbon dots (2009)

The photoluminescence in carbon dots (surface-passivated small carbon nanoparticles) could be quenched efficiently by electron acceptor or donor molecules in solution, namely that photoexcited carbon dots are both excellent electron donors and excellent electron acceptors, thus offering new opportunities for their potential uses in light energy conversion and related applications.
Electrical Inspection of PROM Memory Links (1980)

Field programmable ROMs provide the electronics industry with a more versatile memory function by postponing final processing until after the seal operation. This report will focus on (1) a failure mechanism, unreported until now, which concerns the self-programming of an unprogrammed nichrome link during operation of the PROM under normal "read" conditions, and (2) an electrical screen for culling out links with a high probability for self-programming. The occurrence of these failures after many days of burn-in will be discussed along with the link programming set-up, failure analysis data, and documented history of high reliability screening procedures. It is important to note that these PROMs were programmed to the vendor's specifications, except that a single pulse fusing criterion was used. Additionally, an elaborate verification scheme followed each fusing attempt as a check for errors. Based on the results of the failure analysis study, the failures which are considered to be escapes from the die visual inspection screen will be shown to be due to a wafer process-related fault. A new electrical test procedure will be proposed which can be used to augment or partially supplant the visual screen now in practice. A general test scheme will be presented so that the prerequisite conditions of applicability to other manufacturers' PROMs can be defined. The general scheme will be then applied to the specific circuit implementation used by the manufacturer of the aforementioned failures.
SONET evolution: the challenges ahead (2002)

A typical SONET (synchronous optical network) is presented. The authors illustrate how small SONET islands in the initial stage evolve into end-to-end switched SONET networks in the final stage. They also identify key, high-level operations issues involved in achieving smooth SONET evolution, fulfilling the SONET promises. Specifically, they look at standards needed to achieve inter-vendor operations interworking, and new OS capabilities for network management functions to support large-scale SONET deployment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A prototype electromagnetic calorimeter for a multimuon UNK spectrometer (1994)

Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a novel dwarf mutant, NM9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety NAU9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). NM9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller number, and elongated spike and grain length. The reduced plant height in NM9 was attributable to a semi-dominant dwarfing gene Rht_NM9, which was flanked by two closely linked SNP markers, SNP34 and SNP41, covering an 8.86-Mb region on the chromosome arm 2AS. The results of gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity evaluation, comparative genomics analysis and allelism test indicated that Rht_NM9 was neither allelic to Rht7 and Rht21 nor homoeoallelic to Rht8, so Rht_NM9 was proposed to be a new dwarfing locus on the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of wheat. Rht_NM9 has a negative effect on plant height and positive effects on effective tiller number and grain size, thus, Rht_NM9 could be used for elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant architecture and grain development.
B‐doped a‐Si:H contact improvement on silicon heterojunction solar cells and interdigitated back contact structure (2010)

Abstract This study reports on the p‐type a‐Si:H emitter layer of silicon heterojunction (Si‐HJ) solar cells and its contacting scheme. The influence of the ratio between p‐type a‐Si:H emitter width and its contact width is checked on Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Si‐HJ both experimentally and by 2D modelling. A low emitter contact fraction value is found to be detrimental to the IBC Si‐HJ cells efficiency due to distributed series resistance effects. This not only limits the cell fill factor (FF) but also its short circuit current density (Jsc). By increasing the emitter contact fraction an efficiency of 12.7% is obtained on 25 cm 2 IBC Si‐HJ solar cells. New B‐doped a‐Si:H emitter layers and contacts are also developed on inverted Si‐HJ cells. Depending on the a‐Si:H conductivity, we observe a great impact of the contact material on Si‐HJ cells performance (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Repetitive Translumbar Magnetic Stimulation (rTLMS) and Transsacral Magnetic Stimulation (rTSMS): A Novel Treatment for Levator Ani Syndrome (LAS) (2013)

Purpose: LAS is characterized by recurrent anorectal pain. Its pathophysiology is unclear and its treatment is unsatisfactory. Translumbar and transacral magnetic stimulation (MS) has been shown to be useful for evaluating anorectal neuropathy (Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106(5):907-14). Repetitive transcranial MS has been shown to relieve several painful conditions including neuropathic pain. We investigated whether patients with LAS have anorectal neuropathy and whether rTLMS and rTSMS improve anorectal pain. Methods: Over 1 year, three patients were recruited with refractory anorectal pain for >3 years. All patients had failed biofeedback therapy, electrogalvanic stimulation, local injections, topical creams, pain meds, and gabapentin. Demographics are shown in Table 1. TLMS/TSMS were performed by placing a four-ring EMG probe into anorectum and by applying magnetic coil at eight sites in lumbar and sacral regions and evoking motor-evoked potentials (MEP). Subsequently, rTLMS and rTSMS (1600-2400) were performed on each side at 1 Hz in two cycles using air-cooled magstim coil. Pain scores and bowel symptoms were assessed for 1 week before and after therapy. Follow-up period was 6 weeks to 1 year. Although biofeedback improved bowel function anorectal pain was unchanged.Table 1Results: All three subjects had significant lumbo-anal and sacro-anal neuropathy with prolonged MEP. This improved significantly after rTLMS and rTSMS (Table 2). This was associated with improvement in anorectal pain in all three subjects (VAS). CSBM improved. Patient one received two sessions of rTLMS and rTSMS. He had mild urinary retention. Patient two received three sessions, and patient three had one session of rTLMS and rTSMS. No adverse events occurred. Anal neuropathy improved significantly (Table 2).Table 2Conclusion: Patients with LAS demonstrate significant lumbo-anal and sacro-anal neuropathy, which may be an important pathophysiologic mechanism for pain. Following rTLMS and rTSMS, there was significant improvement in anorectal pain, suggesting that this may be a potential treatment modality for these patients.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cblb is a major susceptibility gene for rat type 1 diabetes mellitus. (2002)

The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) has a multifactorial etiology. So far, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the only major susceptibility locus that has been identified for this disease and its animal models. The Komeda diabetes-prone (KDP) rat is a spontaneous animal model of human type 1 diabetes in which the major susceptibility locus Iddm/kdp1 accounts, in combination with MHC, for most of the genetic predisposition to diabetes. Here we report the positional cloning of Iddm/kdp1 and identify a nonsense mutation in Cblb, a member of the Cbl/Sli family of ubiquitin-protein ligases. Lymphocytes of the KDP rat infiltrate into pancreatic islets and several tissues including thyroid gland and kidney, indicating autoimmunity. Similar findings in Cblb-deficient mice are caused by enhanced T-cell activation. Transgenic complementation with wildtype Cblb significantly suppresses development of the KDP phenotype. Thus, Cblb functions as a negative regulator of autoimmunity and Cblb is a major susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes in the rat. Impairment of the Cblb signaling pathway may contribute to human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. PMID: 12118252
PHOTOTHERAPY UNVEILED: A REVIEW OF THE PHOTOBIOLOGICAL BASICS BEHIND ATHERMAL PHOTOBIOMODULATION WITH LASERS AND OTHER LIGHT SOURCES. PART 1: LIGHT - ITS PROPERTIES AND PARAMETERS (2005)

Laser surgery is now an accepted reality. What has not yet been completely accepted, and remains at best only partly understood is the athermal reaction which accompanies with very few exceptions all photothermal reactions associated with the surgical laser. One particular field where this athermal reaction plays a role at least as important as the thermal reactions is in the application of nonablative light sources in the rejuvenation of photoaged skin. This field is expanding rapidly, but the photobiology behind the processes by which a particular type and dose of light can repair damage (which was actually also caused in the first place by light) is imperfectly understood. Although the main concept of nonablative skin rejuvenation is centred on the creation of a controlled zone of delivered thermal damage (DTD) in the upper dermis under a cooled epidermis, the incident light energy, in the form of photons, does not simply stop at the DTD zone but continues on into the surrounding dermal tissue, mediating athermal photoreactions in the periphery of that thermal effect. These athermal reactions, at a cellular and subcellular level, contribute a great deal to the modulation of the wound healing process instigated by the DTD to produce the final hoped-for results. This article examines the range of athermal photoreactions which occur simultaneously with the thermally-mediated effects in nonablative skin rejuvenation, to a great extent in laser ablative resurfacing and indeed in any surgical application of the laser, and attempts to show the importance of these photobioreactions in achieving good clinical results. This first part of the series may well appear as ‘old hat’ to experienced users of lasers and light sources, but we feel it is important to start from the basics, rather than having to return to them to try and discover why tissue has failed to react to the incident light in the expected manner, and a possibly unhappy patient as a result. A thorough understanding of the basic properties of light and its parameters is extremely important when trying to appreciate the complexities of light-tissue interaction. Without this understanding, moreover, no-one should be using any form of light source on patients.
Association of race and ethnicity to incident epilepsy, or epileptogenesis, after subdural hematoma (2020)

We found an association between Black race and ED and hospital revisits for epilepsy after SDH, establishing the presence of a racial subgroup that is particularly vulnerable to post-SDH epileptogenesis.
Concepts of rate responsive pacing (1990)

Various concepts for measuring (by means of biosensors incorporated into pacemakers) biologic parameters to determine the appropriate pacing rate are reviewed. They are pH, stimulus-to-T-wave interval, blood temperature, intercardiac blood pressure change, venous oxygen saturation, intercardiac impedance (stroke volume, ejection rate, preejection interval), thoracic impedance (respiratory rate, minute volume), R-wave area, and body vibration. Those which have been incorporated in an implantable pacemaker and studied in a significant number of patients include intracardiac blood temperature, respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume, stimulus-to-T-wave interval, and body vibration. Studies of intracardiac impedance, QRS complex area, venous oxygen saturation, and right ventricular pressure are in early stages. Because no single parameter has yet proved to be an ideal indicator of metabolic need, dual-chamber pacemakers, which use atrial rate and body vibration to control pacing rate, and multisensor pacemakers are under development.
Design of a high-power, high-gain, 2nd harmonic, 22.848 GHz gyroklystron (2013)

In this paper we consider the design of a four-cavity, high-gain K-band gyroklystron experiment for high gradient structure testing. The frequency doubling gyroklystron utilizes a beam voltage of 500 kV and a beam current of 200 A from a magnetron injection gun (MIG) originally designed for a lower-frequency device. The microwave circuit features input and gain cavities in the circular TE011 mode and penultimate and output cavities that operate at the second harmonic in the TE021 mode. We investigate the MIG performance and study the behavior of the circuit for different values of perpendicular to parallel velocity ratio (α = V⊥ / Vz). This microwave tube is expected to be able to produce at least 20 MW of power in 1μs pulses at a repetition rate of at least 120 Hz. A maximum efficiency of 26% and a large signal gain of 58 dB under zero-drive stable conditions were simulated for a velocity ratio equal to 1.35.
Homolytic alkylation of chromones in micellar solution (1982)

Abstract Treatment of an aqueous solution of chromone, the detergent sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, silver nitrate and an alkanoic acid, with ammonium peroxydisulfate gives 2‐R‐chromone [R = i ‐C 3 H 7 (47%), R = t ‐C 4 H 9 (65%) and R = 1‐adamantyl (78%)]. In addition 2‐R‐4‐chromanone [R = i ‐C 3 H 7 (40%), R = t ‐C 4 H 9 (5%) and R‐1‐adamantyl (10%)] is formed. It is proposed that the reaction involves as intermediate the relatively stable 2‐R‐4‐chromanon‐3‐yl radical and that the detergent has a micellar catalytic activity on the free radical alkylation process.