gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The roles of vitamin C in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> associated gastric carcinogenesis (2005)

Ascorbic acid, as one of the important water-soluble vitamins, is essential for a range of physiological functions, including the syntheses of collagen, carnitine and neurotransmitters. It is also an important dietary antioxidant against oxidative stress. Current information suggests that vitamin C might be protective against the development of gastric cancer. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is recognized to be a significant cause of gastric adenocarcinoma. Inflammation induced by H. pylori infection in the stomach not only causes significantly enhanced consumption of vitamin C, but also reduces secretion of the vitamin into the gastric lumen. Most of the evidence relating to vitamin C and H. pylori infection derives from clinical studies and experiments directly examining the effect of vitamin C on H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis and remains limited. Furthermore, results from recent studies suggest that vitamin C might also increase the risk of cancer through its pro-oxidant activity and protect against oxidative stress in cancer cells through its antioxidant action. In this article we review recent publications on vitamin C research and assess the potential roles of vitamin C in H. pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis. The possible adverse effects of the vitamin C are also discussed.
Simulation of networks with inconsistent initial conditions (2002)

A method for the handling of numerically inconsistent initial conditions in networks with ideal switches is described. The use of the backward Euler formula is discussed, and emphasis is placed on easy understanding and easy programming applications. It is shown that in switched networks nonlinear storage elements must be defined by charges and fluxes; if not used, incorrect results are obtained for any step size. The methods have application in situations where initial conditions are consistent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-feature based automatic recognition of ship targets in ISAR (2009)

This paper deals with the problem of non-cooperative target recognition. Specifically, the aim is the automatic recognition of ship targets from inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images. For this purpose a new two-step multi-feature based technique is proposed; this technique uses a number of features extracted from the ship radar image and matches these features with those extracted from the images obtained by properly projecting the target models of the classification library. Both cases of a priori known or unknown ship aspect angles are considered: the knowledge of the ship aspect (as available from tracking data) allows the selection of the candidate models on the basis of the matching between the ship and the model length, thus resulting in a performance improvement. Moreover, both single- and multi-frame-based processing techniques are proposed in order to assess the performance improvement achievable when an increasing number of ISAR images are involved in the decision; the fusion strategy adopted for the exploitation of the information from the multiple images is also described. The performance of the overall proposed technique is deeply investigated against simulated data. Results of its application to a set of live ISAR images of a ship target are also provided showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Framework for model transformation and code generation (2003)

One of the key challenges of the model-driven paradigm is to define, manage, and maintain traces and relationships between different models and model views, including the code of the system. In the COMBINE, DAIM and CAFE projects, we aim to define a framework supporting the model-driven paradigm. A main part of the framework is a metamodel-based transformation profile, which is aimed at supporting the definition of transformation schemes and being a baseline for transformation execution. Our primary objective is to assist a complete development lifecycle, from business models, via a requirements model, to architecture models, platform models and code, with a framework that helps us in a simple way to define transformations, mappings, and refinements. The framework should provide a usable notation that can be modelled with standard UML tools. The contribution of this paper is a baseline for such a framework.
A Highly Sensitive and Reliable Strain Sensor Using a Hierarchical 3D and Ordered Network of Carbon Nanotubes (2015)

A 3D network of single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in poly-(dimethylsiloxane) is presented as a promising route to the fabrication of a flexible film with ordered and interconnected single-walled carbon nanotubes. This is possible using a simple transfer method of as-grown hierarchical single-walled carbon nanotubes on a Si pillar substrate. This film is used as a highly sensitive strain gauge sensor. This type of network embedded in a polymer film should be applicable to many fields involving mechanically stable and reliable strain sensors.
Use of Deuterium Labeling Studies to Determine the Stereochemical Outcome of Palladium Migrations during an Asymmetric Intermolecular Heck Reaction (2007)

A series of deuterium labeling experiments showed that Pd migrations during an intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction between phenyl triflate and various deuterated 2,3-dihydrofurans (2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) occurs exclusively by either syn-1,2-dyotropic shifts or a syn-chain-walking mechanism; no evidence was observed to support anti-1,2-dyotropic shifts or anti-beta-H Pd eliminations during the formation of 6 and 7.
An introduction to gene therapy and its potential prenatal use (2001)

This review article is an introduction to the general field of gene therapy with examples from the specialized field of prenatal gene therapy.
Incorporating Recipient Choice in Kidney Transplantation (2004)

Despite the acute shortage of cadaveric organs for kidney transplantation, more than 10% of cadaveric kidneys are discarded each year because of marginal quality. Transplant recipients' access to these kidneys and to information about their quality is limited. A Monte Carlo model was developed to simulate the operations of an organ procurement organization over a 10-yr period. Donor and recipient characteristics were generated from the United States Renal Data System. Kidneys were assigned one of five possible grades, which were determined by calculating the relative risk of graft failure associated with donor characteristics and HLA matching for every donor-candidate pair. Modeled were recipient decisions to accept or reject a kidney on the basis of the relative change in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Compared were the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy, the UNOS expanded donor criteria policy, two benchmark policies (one equity driven and the other efficiency driven), and a hybrid policy that incorporated recipient choice into the UNOS algorithm. Sensitivity analyses for major input variables were performed. Compared with UNOS, an algorithm that incorporated recipient choice predicted a 6% increase in QALY, a 12% decrease in median waiting time, a 39% increase in the likelihood of transplantation, and a 56% reduction in the number of discarded kidneys. Benefits were observed across categories of age, gender, and race. Incorporating recipient choice in kidney transplantation would improve equity, efficiency, and QALY of the end-stage renal disease population.
Guide device for percutaneous placement of translaminar facet screws after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (2003)

Because the degree of immediate stabilization provided by cage-assisted anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) has been shown by several studies to be inadequate, supplementary posterior fixation, such as that created by translaminar or transpedicle screw fixation, is necessary. In this study, the authors studied the ALIF-augmentation procedure in which a special guide device is used to place percutaneously translaminar facet screws in 18 patients with degenerative lumbar disease. The minimum follow-up period was 1 month (mean 6 months, range 1-13 months). Degenerative spondylolisthesis with foraminal stenosis was diagnosed in nine patients, associated degenerative disc disease alone or combined with foraminal stenosis in eight, and recurrent disc herniation in one. Following screw placement, computerized tomography scanning was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the facet screw positioning. All screws were properly placed. No screw penetrated the spinal canal or injured the neural structures. Excellent or good clinical outcomes were demonstrated in all patients at the last follow up. The use of this guide device for post-ALIF percutaneous translaminar facet screw fixation represents a safe, accurate, and minimally invasive modality with which to achieve immediate solid fixation in the lumbar spine.
Rotavirus Vaccines: An Update (2006)

From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI. Sponsored by the Merck Vaccine Division CONTENTS Rotavirus Vaccines: An Update Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus in the Era of Polymerase Chain Reaction EDITORIAL BOARD Co-Editors:Margaret C. Fisher, MD and Gary D. Overturf, MD Editor for this Issue:Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD Board Members Michael Cappello, MD Ellen G. Chadwick, MD Janet A. Englund, MD Kathleen McGann, MD Leonard R. Krilov, MD Charles T. Leach, MD Jennifer Read, MD MS, MPH, DTM Jeffrey R. Starke, MD Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD Leonard Weiner, MD Charles Woods, MD, MS
Some Economic Consequences of the Transition from Civil War to Peace (1995)

Drawing on evidence from Africa - especially Ethiopia and Uganda - the authors of this volume draw conclusions about economic policy in the aftermath of civil war. A sample of conclusions follows. Civil wars differ from international wars. They are informal, often have no clear beginning and end, weaken rather than strengthen the authority of the state, and leave two unreconciled armies to be demobilized within one territory. Civil wars erode the institutions of civil society, leading to a decline in the stock of social capital, which takes some time to restore. Private investment and government revenue are slow to recover, and military expenditures are not easily reduced. As a result, there is little or no peace dividend in the short run. The period of transition to peace is a particularly suitable time for radical policy reform, despite the high degree of polarization typical in countries engaged in civil war. And speedy reform, far from increasing uncertainty, is likely to reduce it. After a civil war, private agents are fearful both of each other and of the government. This, perhaps even more than physical damage to infrastructure, hinders private-sector-led recovery, as irreversible investment is delayed despite being financeable. The transition to peace is primarily the transition from fear and the defensive responses that became ingrained in wartime. The peace dividend comes as a gradual recovery of confidence induces repatriation of financial and human capital. Such confidence can be boosted by the early sequencing of investment-sensitive policy reforms and by preserving low inflation through direct consumer price index targeting. Lack of confidence can be compensated for by temporary undervaluation of the exchange rate, or however, may prove more difficult to make credibly time-bound. Finally, aid can permit accelerated rehabilitation of the infrastructure (especially transport networks) needed to return to a market economy. Contrary to the studies hypothesis, the authors found that demobilization - at least in Uganda - did not lead to a significant upsurge in insecurity. In the short term, demobilization significantly reduced crime, unless the demobilized lacked access to land. If the demobilized returned to their home areas and were given some assistance, with identifiable exceptions they were able to find income-earning opportunities.
On‐call Specialists and Higher Level of Care Transfers in California Emergency Departments (2008)

This survey of California ED medical directors suggests ED on-call specialist availability and the ability to transfer for HLOC have worsened since the passage of the EMTALA final rule in 2003.
Angiopoietin-2, Angiopoietin-1 and subclinical cardiovascular disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (2016)

Angiopoietins (Angpt) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been associated with cardiovascular disease. The study enrolled 270 pre-dialysis stage 3-5 CKD patients to assess the link between circulating Angpt2, Angpt1 and VEGF-A and subclinical measures of cardiovascular structure and function. Serum markers of angiogenesis were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cardiac structure and function were examined by echocardiography. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured by the ankle-brachial index. The adjusted mean of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 2.05 in patients of Angpt2 quartile 4 and 1.99 in those of Angpt2 quartile 1 (P = 0.04). Angpt2 was significantly associated with LV hypertrophy (LVH) (Angpt2 quartile 4 compared with Angpt2 quartile 1: adjusted OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.15-6.20). Angpt1 was negatively correlated with left atrial diameter (adjusted mean of LAD: 3.59 in Angpt1 quartile 4, 3.92 in Angpt1 quartile 1, P = 0.03). A positive and significant correlation was found between Angpt2 level and baPWV in spearman's correlation, but not in adjusted model. In conclusion, high Angpt2 and low Angpt1 levels were positively associated with abnormal cardiac structure in stages 3-5 CKD patients, which is compatible with the viewpoint that angiopoietins participates in cardiovascular burdens.
Preparation of Low Density Ceramic Supporter from Fly Ash with Borax and Glass Powder (2000)

석탄회를 출발물질로 사용하고 봉사 및 유리를 첨가하여 저밀도 세라믹 담체를 제조하였다. 또한 성형체의 초기 기공율을 높이기 위하여 밀가루를 30wt% 첨가하였다. 봉사를 첨가함에 따라 겉보기 밀도 및 벌크 밀도가 낮아졌고, 석탄회에 대하여 15wt%의 붕사를 첨가한 결과 $1160^{\circ}C$ 에서 15분 소결하여 벌크 밀...
Blank and burst transmission of data over active speech channels (1988)

To increase the capacity of blank and burst transmission of control information in cellular communication systems, we explore the application of a speech segment reconstruction technique. The transmitter selects a blanking interval on the basis of a segment classification measure, while the receiver replaces the missing speech with an estimate based on previously received speech. Using this approach, approximately 3.2 data bursts per second, each lasting 16 ms, may be sent without degrading speech quality.
Noise reduction and loudness compression in a wavelet modelling of the auditory system (2002)

Describes the modelling of the normal auditory and hearing-impaired system for hearing aid design and addresses two major problems: noise reduction and loudness compression. This new integrated approach is based on a wavelet transform and a formulation of temporal and spectral psychoacoustic models of masking and loudness sensation. Within the model, a new subtraction algorithm is developed to model the masking phenomena and reduce noise in single-input systems. As a result, the enhanced speech quality has been significantly improved, especially in unvoiced portions. The noise component during silent periods has been attenuated by up to 20 dB. The auditory loudness sensation is also modelled with a homomorphic AGC for time-varying frequency-dependent compensation for loudness recruitment. The dynamic nonlinear weighting is a function of the wavelet coefficients. The homomorphic approach is found to be superior to linear AGC. Finally, the performance of the whole model is evaluated and compared with that obtained using the Chabries's model, and a significant improvement is found. It is concluded that optimal wavelet subtraction and homomorphic AGC are an appropriate combination to synergise noise reduction and loudness recruitment problems in hearing aid design.
Dynamic chaining of Virtual Network Functions in cloud-based edge networks (2015)

This manuscript investigates the issue of implementing chains of network functions in a “softwarized” environment where edge network middle-boxes are replaced by software appliances running in virtual machines within a data center. The primary goal is to show that this approach allows space and time diversity in service chaining, with a higher degree of dynamism and flexibility with respect to conventional hardware-based architectures. The manuscript describes implementation alternatives of the virtual function chaining in a SDN scenario, showing that both layer 2 and layer 3 approaches are functionally viable. A proof-of-concept implementation with the Mininet emulation platform is then presented to provide a practical example of the feasibility and degree of complexity of such approaches.
Non-model-based damage identification of plates using measured mode shapes (2016)

Mode shapes (MSs) have been extensively used to detect structural damage. This paper presents a new non-model-based damage identification method that uses measured MSs to identify damage in plates. A MS damage index (MSDI) is proposed to identify damage near regions with consistently high values of MSDIs associated with MSs of different modes. A MS of a pseudo-undamaged plate can be constructed for damage identification using a polynomial of a properly determined order that fits the corresponding MS of a damaged plate, if the associated undamaged plate is geometrically smooth and made of materials that have no stiffness and mass discontinuities. It is shown that comparing a MS of a damaged plate with that of a pseudo-undamaged plate is better for damage identification than with that of an undamaged plate. Effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for identifying damage of different positions and areas are numerically investigated using different MSs; effects of crucial factors that determine effectiveness of the proposed method are also numerically investigated. Damage in the form of a machined thickness reduction area was introduced to an aluminum plate; it was successfully identified by the proposed method using measured MSs of the damaged plate.
Hydraulic Fracture Imaging Using Inclinometers At M-Site: Finite-Element Analyses Of The B-Sandstone Experiments (1997)

(Maximum 200 words) A series of experiments, in which hydraulic fractures were monitored with an inclinometer array (downhole tiltmeter array), have been analyzed using both 2-D and 3-D finite-element codes. JAC2D and JAC3D, two conjugate gradient method codes, were used to calculate the earth tilt in vicinities of hydraulic fractures for comparison with experimental results. These analyses showed that variations in Young&apos;s modulus (or alternatively shear modulus) had a sizable effect on the induced inclinations, whereas both Poisson&apos;s ratio and stress had smaller effects. 2-D models were adequate for cases where fracture heights were relatively constant, while 3-D analyses were needed for more complex geometries. Comparison with field-experiment data showed that the fracture sizes needed to induce the measured inclinations were essentially the same as the fracture sizes obtained through microseismic methods, thus validating the microseismic results. Analyses such as these are proving...
Coordinated multi-procedural architecture for probabilistic knowledge discovery (2004)

Current data mining procedures utilize operating cycles that encompass selection of the input data learning subset, filtering, application of the chosen mining algorithm, presentation of the output knowledge, and evaluation of the system performance on the unseen test data subset. However, a single pass through the above phases cannot achieve an appreciable result. We introduce an architecture that envelops a collection of semiautonomous multiple procedures (agents) coupled and coordinated through the common blackboard data repository. The architecture includes an efficient performance evaluation tool that assists in tuning systems parameters during multiresolutional construction of diverse elicited models. The presented compositional architecture is application specific and oriented towards probabilistic knowledge discovery.
Bridging the Gap Between the Light and Dark Side of the Force (2017)

Star Wars is a series of films that depicts an epic galactic battle between good and evil. The interplay of love and hate is also central to the psychoanalytic theories of Melanie Klein. This article suggests that the presentation of the plot in the films follows a pattern from Klein’s paranoid-schizoid position, in which love and hate are kept separate, to the depressive position, in which they are integrated. Initially, the Jedi and Sith, corresponding to the light and dark side of the force, are depicted as purely good and purely evil, in line with the paranoid-schizoid position. Gradually, the films progress to the depressive position, in which Luke and Anakin Skywalker engage in an internal struggle of good and evil. The authors also discuss the specific contribution of film to the presentation of these themes that could not be accomplished by other media.
Tcp/Ip: Running a Successful Network (1993)

PART 1: Introducing TCP/IP 1. Establishing the Network Foundation 2. Planning and Managing IP Addresses 3. Subnetworks and Supernetworks 4. Routing 5. The TCP/IP Upper Layers 6. Transport and Application Services 7. System Configuration and Optimising Performance 8. Request for Comments PART II: Introduction 9. The Physical and Datalink Layers 10. Internet Protocol (IPV4 & IPV6) 11. Transport Layer Protocols 12. Application Layer Services 13. Working with Names 14. The Network File System 15. Routing IP 16. Simple Network Management 17. Configuration and Testing 18. Internet PART III: Apendicies A. Contacting the Network Information Centre B. Obtaining RFCs C. Useful RFCs D. Subnetting a Class B Address E. Official IAB Standard Protocols F. Protocol Traces G. Well-known ports H. Telnet Protocol Traces I. FTP Traces J. ASN.1 and BER tag types
Unit load (belt) conveyor operating design and cost (1983)

A conveyor cost estimation methodology is developed which takes into account the two major costs of operating unit load conveyors: maintenance and power. A programmable calculator program (CONVEY) Is developed to assist the plant engineer in determining new operating conditions for the belt, such as motor size, belt tension, gear and sprocket ratio. CONVEY also computes power consumption for specified belt operating parameters.
Experimental Investigation of the Energy Separation in Vortex Tubes (1969)

Measurements of the state and the velocity distribution of air in a counterflow vortex tube have been undertaken. In order to determine the axial variation of the flow quantities, measurements were carried out in several cross-sections. The experimental results show that the velocity is predominantly tangential. A comparison of the order of magnitude of the radial and axial convection terms in the equations of motion and energy shows that these terms are of equal importance. The energy equation in terms of the total temperature is used as a basis for discussing the influence of turbulence in the flow on the separation of energy in the vortex tube.