gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Roles of Arabidopsis Heterotrimeric G-Protein Subunits in Modulating Cell Division in Roots (2006)

Signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins is conserved in diverse eukaryotes. Compared to vertebrates, the simpler repertoire of G-protein complex and accessory components in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) offers a unique advantage over all other multicellular, genetic-model systems for dissecting the mechanism of G-protein signal transduction. One of several biological processes that the G-protein complex regulates in Arabidopsis is cell division. We determined cell production rate in the primary root and the formation of lateral roots in Arabidopsis to define individually the types of modulatory roles of the respective G-protein alpha- and beta-subunits, as well as the heterotrimer in cell division. The growth rate of the root is in part a consequence of cell cycle maintenance in the root apical meristem (RAM), while lateral root production requires meristem formation by founder pericycle cells. Thus, a comparison of these two parameters in various genetic backgrounds enabled dissection of the role of the G-protein subunits in modulation of cell division, both in maintenance and initiation. Cell production rates were determined for the RAM and lateral root formation in gpa1 (Arabidopsis G-protein alpha-subunit) and agb1 (Arabidopsis G-protein beta-subunit) single and double mutants, and in transgenic lines overexpressing GPA1 or AGB1 in agb1 or gpa1 mutant backgrounds, respectively. We found in the RAM that the heterotrimeric complex acts as an attenuator of cell proliferation, whereas the GTP-bound form of the Galpha-subunit's role is a positive modulator. In contrast, for the formation of lateral roots, the Gbetagamma-dimer acts largely independently of the Galpha-subunit to attenuate cell division. These results suggest that Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein subunits have differential and opposing roles in the modulation of cell division in roots.
Multimodal Synthesis and the Voice of the Multimedia Author in a Japanese EFL Context (2008)

Abstract This paper examines a powerful potential of multimodal design: meaning that transcends the total semiotic contribution of a text's constituent parts. With reference to data drawn from the digital storytelling practices of Japanese university students, the author argues and demonstrates that in the current semiotic climate, characterised by the increasing availability and complexity of communication tools and ready appropriation of available designs, practices of multimedia authorship truly can evince expression that is authentically multiplicative. However, this sort of meaning making does not automatically come about. Controlling the inherent polysemy of multimodal texts, in the author's view, is a matter of recognising points of semantic correspondence among co-deployed images, language, etc. and creating syntheses of potential meaning that cut across these semiotic modes. The author further argues that it is in this way that the voice of the multimodal author can most clearly be heard, particularly in cases in which a language learner–author integrates elements within a multimedia text that encode meaning in the L2.
Comparison of Different Antibody Clones for Immunohistochemistry Detection of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (2017)

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a major immune checkpoint protein that mediates antitumor immune suppression and response. Preliminary data suggest that its detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues may predict clinical response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. In diagnostic pathology, it is essential to count with a validated IHC that can reliably detect PD-L1-positive cases. The present study was conducted to compare and validate different PD-L1 commercial clones and identify which ones can be reliably used by surgical pathologist to detect PD-L1 expression in human cancer tissues. Eight commercial available PD-L1 clones were tested and compared with a noncommercial PD-L1 antibody clone 5H1. Western blot and IHC using cell lines and human tissues were used to validate these clones. From all PD-L1 antibodies, only the clones E1L3N, E1J2J, SP142, 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 passed the Western blot and IHC validation, providing similar pattern than the clone 5H1 and then they were tested in 259 non-small cell lung cancer cases placed in 9 tissue microarrays. Among all cases, only those with ≥2 cores were included (185 cases). Positive and significant correlation was found between the median PD-L1 H-score in tumor and stroma compartments, for all selected antibodies. Overall, 56 of 185 cases were detected as positive cases in malignant cells expressing membranous PD-L1 by all the clones. However, the clone SP263 identified more PD-L1-positive cases compared with the other clones. Our results show that clones E1L3N, E1J2J, SP142, 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 provide positive membrane staining pattern comparable with clone 5H1. These commercial clones are comparable, but a careful evaluation by the pathologist is necessary to minimize error of positive misinterpretations.
Serotonin Metabolism in Depression: Clinical Application of theProbenecid Test1 (1974)

The MA hypotheses presume a relationship between disturbances in the central MA metabolism and the occurrence of depressive symptoms. One part of the MA hypotheses is the serotonin hypothesis, in which a relation is presumed between central serotonin deficiency and depression. The arguments in favour of this hypothesis are discussed, and particular attention is paid to data collected with the probenecid technique. The conclusion is, that there are depressions with and without serotonin deficiency and that their differentiation is of importance for proper treatment.
Microwave Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stalks for L-Lactic Acid Production (2010)

Glucose production from pretreated corn stalks by cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase was investigated and compared with no pretreatment, as a reference. The corn stalks were pretreated with microwave, sulfuric acid hydrolysis and dilute sodium hydroxide solution hydrolysis respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were carried out at 50°C, 50 g/l dry matter (DM) solid substrate concentration and 15 filter paper unit (IU)/g DM of a commercial cellulase. Fermentable sugar was able to be produced from all the pretreated corn stalks with an overall yield of 29-58% of the maximum theoretical yield, based on the glucan available in the solid and liquid substrate. The corn stalks pretreated with dilute acid had the best glucose yield as 58.09% followed by the corn stalks pretreated with acid and microwave with an overall yield of 57.02% with 15 IU/g DM of cellulase. Glucose was the main product with enzymatic hydrolysis yield ratio 38.89%in the dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stalks, while with enzymatic hydrolysis yield ratio 51.07%in the dilute sodium hydroxide solution and microwave pretreated corn stalks under enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. These advantages, along with their negative price, make these solids a valuable raw material for L-lactic acid production.
Vinblastine Therapy for Kaposi's Sarcoma in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1985)

Single-agent intravenous vinblastine, 4 to 8 mg/week, was used to treat 38 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The dose was titrated in relation to the total leukocyte count. Ten patients had an objective response, and 19 had stable disease during therapy. Apart from expected modest neutropenia, toxicity was minimal. A lower response rate was seen in patients with anemia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or any lymphoma-like B symptom. Opportunistic infections were common regardless of type of response but were commoner in patients who did not respond. Vinblastine used in low doses weekly is effective in treating Kaposi's sarcoma related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and has minimal associated toxicities.
A unique 7p/12q chromosomal abnormality associated with recurrent abortion and hypofibrinogenemia (1987)

Recurrent first trimester abortions led to evaluation of a 25-year-old woman. Studies revealed she had hypofibrinogenemia (68 mg/dL) without evidence of dysfibrinogenemia or increased fibrinogen turnover. She was also found to have a unique 46,XX, t(7;12) (p 15.2;q24.31) karyotype. Hypofibrinogenemia and identical chromosomal abnormalities were found in other members of her kindred. Southern blots of genomic DNA from the patient, her mother, and her daughter hybridized to human fibrinogen probes showed alpha, beta, and gamma fibrinogen genes to be present and without structural alterations when compared to normal controls. We conclude that the chromosomal abnormality and the hypofibrinogenemia are related but in an unclear manner. Because fibrinogen infusion in the proposita was associated with successful gestation, we also concluded that the chromosomal abnormality itself was not responsible for the repeated abortions but that fibrinogen concentration may be critical in securing implantation.
Dali server update (2016)

The Dali server (http://ekhidna2.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali) is a network service for comparing protein structures in 3D. In favourable cases, comparing 3D structures may reveal biologically interesting similarities that are not detectable by comparing sequences. The Dali server has been running in various places for over 20 years and is used routinely by crystallographers on newly solved structures. The latest update of the server provides enhanced analytics for the study of sequence and structure conservation. The server performs three types of structure comparisons: (i) Protein Data Bank (PDB) search compares one query structure against those in the PDB and returns a list of similar structures; (ii) pairwise comparison compares one query structure against a list of structures specified by the user; and (iii) all against all structure comparison returns a structural similarity matrix, a dendrogram and a multidimensional scaling projection of a set of structures specified by the user. Structural superimpositions are visualized using the Java-free WebGL viewer PV. The structural alignment view is enhanced by sequence similarity searches against Uniprot. The combined structure-sequence alignment information is compressed to a stack of aligned sequence logos. In the stack, each structure is structurally aligned to the query protein and represented by a sequence logo.
Studies on the mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. II. The use of various target cell markers to study cytolytic events. (1973)

Measurement of the ATP released after incubation of cytolytically active lymphocytes with target cells indicated that both interacting cell types undergo membrane permeability changes as the result of their interactions, although in the case of the lymphocyte this increase was apparently of a nonprogressive nature.
The in vivo incorporation of the S-methyl group of methionine into cholesterol in rats (1971)

E. Caspi, J. G. Ll. Jones, P. Heidel, G. H. Friedell, A. J. Tiltman and S. Yalciner, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 1201 DOI: 10.1039/C29710001201
Enhanced Detection of HIV-1 Sequences UsingPolymerase Chain Reaction and a Liquid Hybridization Technique (1991)

In this report we describe a sensitive HIV-1 detection method which is applicable for confirmation testing of donors whose blood sample gives indeterminate viral-serology results. The method involves performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detecting the generated fragments using liquid hybridization and gel retardation. We found that it is as specific as blotting on a filter and hybridization with an internal probe but at least tenfold more sensitive. After applying it on DNA samples of a panel of 11 persistent indeterminate anti-p24^gag-reactive donors, none was found to be PCR positive. Considering other negative virological and biochemical test results and case-historical data, these donors are not likely to be HIV-1 infected.
An ultra low power bandgap operational at supply as low as 0.75V (2011)

We present an ultra low power (200nA consumption) reverse bandgap voltage reference operational from supply voltages as low as 0.75V. The reference is a part of a microcontroller system and has total area of 0.07 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> implemented in a digital 130 nm CMOS process. Accuracy of ±1.5% (5 sigma) over temperature range -20 to 85°C without trimming and ±0.5% with trimming is achieved.
The Attributable Costs of Resistant Infections in Hospital Settings: Economic Theory and Application (2007)

Accurately estimating the economic costs to hospitals and society has proven challenging because of difficulties in both developing standard economic methods to accurately measure the excess or attributable costs of resistant infections and understanding the epidemiology of drug resistance. This chapter reviews the methods of measuring the direct excess or attributable hospital patient cost resulting from acquiring an antimicrobial resistant organism from the cost perspective of the hospital. The failure of market prices to represent opportunity cost is particularly true for the consumption of antimicrobials. Opportunity costs associated with drug resistant hospital-associated infection are usually expressed in terms of alternative uses within the hospital. Infected patients have a perspective on cost similar to that of physicians, because the patient’s focus is on successful treatment. The chapter concludes with some recommendations to improve the quality of the economic information that can be provided by hospital-based observational studies and their use in economic evaluations of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals.
Building a brain in the gut: development of the enteric nervous system (2012)

The enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, is an essential component of the gut neuromusculature and controls many aspects of gut function, including coordinated muscular peristalsis. The ENS is entirely derived from neural crest cells (NCC) which undergo a number of key processes, including extensive migration into and along the gut, proliferation, and differentiation into enteric neurons and glia, during embryogenesis and fetal life. These mechanisms are under the molecular control of numerous signaling pathways, transcription factors, neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix components. Failure in these processes and consequent abnormal ENS development can result in so-called enteric neuropathies, arguably the best characterized of which is the congenital disorder Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), or aganglionic megacolon. This review focuses on the molecular and genetic factors regulating ENS development from NCC, the clinical genetics of HSCR and its associated syndromes, and recent advances aimed at improving our understanding and treatment of enteric neuropathies.
Management of follicular lymphoma (1994)

Despite the fact that a small proportion of patients with follicular lymphoma may be alive 20 years after the initial diagnosis, and that it is repeatedly, albeit usually only partially, responsive to relatively mild therapy, the disease remains stubbornly incurable for the majority. Therefore, the testing of several new therapeutic approaches is welcome. Interferon has been investigated in two settings: in combination with conventional therapy and as "maintenance" following chemotherapy. Prolongation of remission duration has been demonstrated and one study shows a survival advantage. The purine analogue fludarabine, having originally been shown to induce remissions in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is also effective in follicular lymphoma, although its precise role remains to be determined. Myeloablative therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (which has been the subject of much debate and controversy in the context of low-grade lymphoma), has been shown to prolong duration of remission, although presently, there is no survival advantage. Finally, radiolabeled antibody therapy is showing promise in patients in whom other treatment modalities have failed. The significance of "minimal residual disease" manifest as circulating t(14;18)-containing cells, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction analysis awaits clarification.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Ti‐substituierten N‐Heterocyclen (1974)

Abstract Die Verbindungen magnified image (x = 2–6) wurden durch Umaminierung aus Ti(NMe 2 ) 4 und den N‐Heterocyclen magnified image dargestellt und analytisch sowie durch 1 H‐KMR‐ und IR‐Spektren charakterisiert. Die thermische Zersetzung in den Reihen magnified image und magnified image wird in Abhängigkeit von x bzw. n untersucht. Die beobachteten Effekte lassen sich über die Raumbeanspruchung von R 2 N‐ und magnified image ‐Gruppen deuten. Nur die Piperidido‐Gruppe (x = 5) erreicht die Schutzgruppenwirkung der Dialkylamido‐Gruppen.
XLI.—Some derivatives of the aliphatic glycols (1929)

G. M. Bennett and F. Heathcoat, J. Chem. Soc., 1929, 268 DOI: 10.1039/JR9290000268
HIV Risk in Women: A Multifaceted Model1 (1993)

A comprehensive model was designed to predict risky, HIV‐related sex in women from a set of behavioral, interpersonal, and psychoattitudinal measures. Survey measures were administered to two university samples of 234 and 263 women. Three sets of dependent measures assessed Partner‐Related HIV Risk, Unprotected Vaginal Intercourse, and Anal Intercourse. There were three multifaceted sets of independent variables that involved 12 factors. The first set, behavioral risk, involved (a) Social Substance Use, (b) Hard Substance Use, (c) Foreplay Sexual Experience, and (d) Advanced Sexual Experience. The second set, interpersonal risk, examined (a) Victimization, (b) Anticipated Partner Reaction, (c) Birth Control Sexual Assertiveness, (d) Refusal Sexual Assertiveness, and (e) Initiation Sexual Assertiveness. The third set, psychoattitudinal risk, involved (a) Psychosocial Functioning, (b) Psychosexual Attitudes, and (c) Self‐Efficacy for AIDS Prevention. Substantial variance was explained using structural modeling methods, with the strongest prediction involving behavioral and interpersonal HIV risk factors. Psychoattitudinal factors were less central, although still important. The results supported and extended previous findings and suggested that the biggest HIV risk factors for women include: greater social substance use, greater sexual experience, anticipated or actual victimization, low assertiveness about requesting birth control, overly positive psychosocial attitudes, negative attitudes about sexuality, and less self‐efficacy about avoiding HIV risk.
Zilverschurft vermeerdert zich jaarrond (2007)

De schimmel Helminthosporium solani veroorzaakt zilverschurft op aardappelen. Inzicht in de levenscyclus van de schimmel geeft handvatten waarmee besmetting is te beperken
OFDM demodulation in underwater time-reversed shortened channels (2008)

This work addresses the problem of OFDM transmission in dispersive underwater channels where impulse responses lasting tens of miliseconds cannot be reliably handled by recently proposed methods due to limitations of channel estimation algorithms. The proposed approach relies on passive time reversal for multichannel combining of observed waveforms at an array of sensors prior to OFDM processing, which produces an equivalent channel with a shorter impulse response that can be handled much more easily. A method for tracking the narrowband residual phase variations of the channel after Doppler preprocessing is proposed. This is a variation of an existing technique that can improve the spectral efficiency of OFDM by reducing the need for pilot symbols. This work also examines techniques to handle sparse impulse responses and proposes a channel estimation method where an l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm is added to the standard least-squares cost function to transparently induce sparseness in the vector of channel coefficients. Algorithms are assessed using data collected during the UAB'07 experiment, which was conducted in Trondheim fjord, Norway, in September 2007. Data were transmitted with bandwidths of 1.5 and 4.5 kHz, and recorded at a range of about 800 m in a 16-hydrophone array. Significant multipath was observed over a period of at least 30 ms.
Proteolytic Processing of NF- κB/I κB in Human Monocytes (1995)

Proteolytic processing of select constituents of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)/inhibitor kappa B alpha (I kappa B) transcription factor system plays an important role in regulating the biological responses of monocytes to pro-inflammatory mediators. Nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B is preceded by the proteolytic degradation of I kappa B alpha, an ankyrin motif-rich inhibitor that traps NF-kappa B in the cytoplasm. In addition, formation of cytoplasmic NF-kappa B/I kappa B alpha complexes in quiescent cells requires constitutive proteolytic processing of p105, another ankyrin motif-rich inhibitory protein from which the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B is generated. We have demonstrated that, following stimulation of human monocytic cells with lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, this critical p105 processing event is up-regulated in concert with the inactivation of I kappa B alpha. Moreover, the degradative loss of both p105 and I kappa B alpha is prevented in cells depleted of intracellular ATP. In activated monocytes, however, I kappa B alpha degradation occurs more rapidly than p105 processing to p50. Together these findings provide direct biochemical evidence that p105 and I kappa B alpha are differentially sensitive targets for inducible proteolysis via ATP-dependent degradative pathways.
Hermetic fiber optic connectors and feedthrus (2008)

The author discuss the the technology, performance and applications of hermetic fiber optic connectors. The main challenges of providing hermetic fiber optic connectors are: (1) manufacture a hermetic fiber optic contact : hermetically seal the fiber into the ferrule without damaging it and (2) hermetically assemble the fiber optic contacts into an insert and the connector shell.
Emerging Synthetic Strategies for Core Cross‐Linked Star (CCS) Polymers and Applications as Interfacial Stabilizers: Bridging Linear Polymers and Nanoparticles (2013)

Core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers become increasingly important in polymer science and are evaluated in many value-added applications. However, limitations exist to varied degrees for different synthetic methods. It is clear that improvement in synthetic efficiency is fundamental in driving this field moving even further. Here, the most recent advances are highlighted in synthetic strategies, including cross-linking with cross-linkers of low solubility, polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous-based heterogeneous media, and cross-linking via dynamic covalent bonds. The understanding of CCS polymers is also further refined to advocate their role as an intermediate between linear polymers and polymeric nanoparticles, and their use as interfacial stabilizers is rationalized within this context.