gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Cantilever Based Optical Interfacial Force Microscope for Biological Studies in an Aqueous Environment (2010)

A bio-molecular system passes through various metastable energy states until it reaches its lowest energy stable state. Probing these metastable states and finding their relationship with the delicate structures of bio-molecular pairs are crucial for understanding each step of a bio-molecular function. Even with such importance, however, metastable states are difficult to observe with current available techniques (e.g. conventional AFM techniques) because of a relatively short life time and their non-equilibrium nature in a solution phase. Here we designed and developed a cantilever based optical interfacial force microscope (COIFM), a new tool for studying the bio-molecular metastable energy states using the force feedback technique. In order to apply the COIFM to biological systems, we coated the COIFM sensor with a flexible coating material called “silicone elastomer” to isolate electrical signaling for force feedback from charged species in the aqueous environment. The force feedback responses collected such as the square wave response and bandwidth measurement showed that the performance of COIFM in liquid is nearly comparable to that of the COIFM taken in air, indicating that the effect of the elastormer coating on feedback performance was negligible. Force-distance measurements, collected in a conducting PBS liquid, demonstrated its enhanced lateral resolution and force resolution over the conventional IFM by at least an order of magnitude (less than 10 pN). The enhancement agrees with our expectation due to the decreased probe size and due to the sensitive optical detection scheme. This enhanced performance along with COIFM’s excellent distance and force control capability will allow for the investigation of the metastable states along the reaction coordinates.
The Crystallization Kinetics of Calcium Tartrate From Model Solutions and Wines (1993)

The crystallization kinetics of calcium tartrate were investigated in order to better describe and predict the rates and extent of this instability in wines. Purified samples of calcium tartrate had to be prepared by recrystallization and used for this work. The calcium and tartaric acid concentrations were measured using atomic absorption and HPLC respectively. The effects of seed level (4, 20, 30 g/L), temperature (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C), particle size (50, 200 µm), ion strength (108, 140, 330 m<i>M</i>/L), alcohol content (10%, 12%, 14% v/v), and malic acid (2, 4, 6 g/L) were investigated in model solutions. The corresponding overall crystal growth constants were determined for these cases. Four wines were also studied (Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot blanc, and Pinot noir) at temperatures of 4°C, 12°C, and 20°C. The activation energy for these growth rate constants varied threefold between the wines. The growth constant in wines was essentially independent of the malic acid or total phenol content. A rapid stability test for calcium tartrate was developed and tested.
Adaptive Deep Learning Through Visual Domain Localization (2018)

A commercial robot, trained by its manufacturer to recognize a predefined number and type of objects, might be used in many settings, that will in general differ in their illumination conditions, background, type and degree of clutter, and so on. Recent computer vision works tackle this generalization issue through domain adaptation methods, assuming as source the visual domain where the system is trained and as target the domain of deployment. All approaches assume to have access to images from all classes of the target during training, an unrealistic condition in robotics applications. We address this issue proposing an algorithm that takes into account the specific needs of robot vision. Our intuition is that the nature of the domain shift experienced mostly in robotics is local. We exploit this through the learning of maps that spatially ground the domain and quantify the degree of shift, embedded into an end-to-end deep domain adaptation architecture. By explicitly localizing the roots of the domain shift we significantly reduce the number of parameters of the architecture to tune, we gain the flexibility necessary to deal with subset of categories in the target domain at training time, and we provide a clear feedback on the rationale behind any classification decision, which can be exploited in human-robot interactions. Experiments on two different settings of the iCub World database confirm the suitability of our method for robot vision.
Simultaneous high-resolution detection of multiple transcripts combined with localization of proteins in whole-mount embryos (2014)

Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) is a fundamental tool for studying the spatio-temporal expression pattern of RNA molecules in intact embryos and tissues. The available methodologies for detecting mRNAs in embryos rely on enzymatic activities and chemical reactions that generate diffusible products, which are not fixed to the detected RNA, thereby reducing the spatial resolution of the technique. In addition, current WISH techniques are time-consuming and are usually not combined with methods reporting the expression of protein molecules. The protocol we have developed and present here is based on the RNAscope technology that is currently employed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections for research and clinical applications. By using zebrafish embryos as an example, we provide a robust and rapid method that allows the simultaneous visualization of multiple transcripts, demonstrated here for three different RNA molecules. The optimized procedure allows the preservation of embryo integrity, while exhibiting excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Employing this method thus allows the determination of the spatial expression pattern and subcellular localization of multiple RNA molecules relative to each other at high resolution, in the three-dimensional context of the developing embryo or tissue under investigation. Lastly, we show that this method preserves the function of fluorescent proteins that are expressed in specific cells or cellular organelles and conserves antigenicity, allowing protein detection using antibodies. By fine-tuning the RNAscope technology, we have successfully redesigned the protocol to be compatible with whole-mount embryo samples. Using this robust method for zebrafish and extending it to other organisms would have a strong impact on research in developmental, molecular and cell biology. Of similar significance would be the adaptation of the method to whole-mount clinical samples. Such a protocol would contribute to biomedical research and clinical diagnostics by providing information regarding the three-dimensional expression pattern of clinical markers.
Submodular Salient Region Detection (2013)

The problem of salient region detection is formulated as the well-studied facility location problem from operations research. High-level priors are combined with low-level features to detect salient regions. Salient region detection is achieved by maximizing a sub modular objective function, which maximizes the total similarities (i.e., total profits) between the hypothesized salient region centers (i.e., facility locations) and their region elements (i.e., clients), and penalizes the number of potential salient regions (i.e., the number of open facilities). The similarities are efficiently computed by finding a closed-form harmonic solution on the constructed graph for an input image. The saliency of a selected region is modeled in terms of appearance and spatial location. By exploiting the sub modularity properties of the objective function, a highly efficient greedy-based optimization algorithm can be employed. This algorithm is guaranteed to be at least a (e - 1)/e 0.632-approximation to the optimum. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several recently proposed saliency detection approaches.
IC mask layout with a single conductor layer (1970)

A computer program for the automatic layout of single conductor layer IC masks is described. Descriptions are included of element modelling, element placement, grid expansion, cross-over minimization, conductor routing and layout compaction.
Increased Th1 and Th2 allergen‐induced cytokine responses in children with atopic disease (2002)

We show that a polyclonal stimulus induces a reduced Th1 (IFN-gamma) and increased Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokine pattern. In contrast, the allergen-induced cytokine responses in atopic children were associated with both increased Th1 (INF-gamma) and Th2 (IL-5 and IL-13) cytokine production. The increased Th1 response to allergen is likely to reflect prior sensitization and indicates that increases in both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production to allergens exists concomitantly with a decreased Th1 response to a polyclonal stimulus in atopic children.
Endogenous G<sub>s</sub>-Coupled Receptors in Smooth Muscle Exhibit Differential Susceptibility to GRK2/3-Mediated Desensitization (2008)

Although G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) have been shown to mediate desensitization of numerous GPCRs in studies using cellular expression systems, their function under physiological conditions is less well understood. In the current study, we employed various strategies to assess the effect of inhibiting endogenous GRK2/3 on signaling and function of endogenously expressed G s-coupled receptors in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. GRK2/3 inhibition by expression of a Gbetagamma sequestrant, a GRK2/3 dominant-negative mutant, or siRNA-mediated knockdown increased intracellular cAMP accumulation mediated via beta-agonist stimulation of the beta-2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR). Conversely, neither 5'-( N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA; activating the A2b adenosine receptor) nor prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2; activating EP2 or EP4 receptors)-stimulated cAMP was significantly increased by GRK2/3 inhibition. Selective knockdown using siRNA suggested the majority of PGE 2-stimulated cAMP in ASM was mediated by the EP2 receptor. Although a minor role for EP3 receptors in influencing PGE 2-mediated cAMP was determined, the GRK2/3-resistant nature of EP2 receptor signaling in ASM was confirmed using the EP2-selective agonist butaprost. Somewhat surprisingly, GRK2/3 inhibition did not augment the inhibitory effect of the beta-agonist on mitogen-stimulated increases in ASM growth. These findings demonstrate that with respect to G s-coupled receptors in ASM, GRK2/3 selectively attenuates beta 2AR signaling, yet relief of GRK2/3-dependent beta 2AR desensitization does not influence at least one important physiological function of the receptor.
Multiple quasi–phase-matching in a nonperiodic domain-inverted optical superlattice (2004)

We theoretically propose a nonperiodic optical superlattice (NOS), in which multiple nonlinear optical parametric processes can be realized simultaneously. The optimal design of the NOS structure is achieved by the combination of stimulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm methods. The multiple quasi--phase-matched (QPM) second harmonic generations (SHG's) in NOS's are theoretically investigated. The numerical simulations show that NOS's can be used as a more effective and useful nonlinear optical crystal for multiple nonlinear optical parametric generation.
Factors Affecting Anther Culture in Schizandra chinensis (1997)

To increase the efficiency of the callus induction in anther culture of Schizandra chinensis, the effects of culture stage, low temperature pretreatment, growth regulators, sucrose and gelling agents were tested on Murashige and Skoog's medium. And the effects of ABA and on organogenesis were investigated. The most suitable stage for anther culture was at the middle to late uninucleate stage, of which the flower size was , and the frequency of callus induction was 13.3%. The effect of low-temperature pretreatment on callus induction was highest as 12.5% in the trearment for 8 days at . The combination of 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.25 mg/L kinetin for callus induction was most effective as 8.3% among various media. The frequency of callus induction was excellent as 10.8% in 4% sucrose. Effect of gelling agents on callus induction was highest as 9.0% on 0.6% Gelrite medium. The prevention of callus browning was effective on the media supplemented with ABA and and rooting was promoted on medium supplemented with 5 mg/L ABA. But shoot was not developed.
An Efficient Contents Sharing Method for DRM (2009)

This paper presents a rights management method for the multiple devices of end-user. In recent years, most existing contents sharing solutions are based on Authorized Domain where legally acquired copyrighted content can seamlessly move from device to device. However, Authorized Domain systems are relatively complex and will usually increase the usage cost. In this paper, we propose an efficient contents sharing method for digital rights management system without authorized domain. In particular, we design a novel license acquisition and sharing mechanism based on ergodic encryption and machine authentication techniques. The mechanism works well in a loosely connected network environment. Our design supports efficient and flexible device alterations without expensive revocation mechanism. In addition, a novel pre-experiencing function is supported conveniently in our approach.
Computational Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Storage in Metal−Organic Frameworks (2008)

In this work a systematic computational study was performed to investigate the effects of organic linker, pore size and topology, and the electrostatic fields on the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of CO2 in nine typical metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), showing that the high CO2 storage capacity achieved in MOFs is a complex interplay of these structural properties. Under practical application conditions, MOFs show higher CO2 storage capacity than both zeolites and carbon materials, and the suitable pore size is between 1.0 and 2.0 nm. For MOFs with pore size located in the above range, the larger the accessible surface area and free volume, the higher the CO2 storage capacity can be achieved in practical applications. In addition, this work shows that the self-diffusivity of CO2 in the MOFs is comparative in magnitude with that of zeolites.
Low current enhancement mode MMICs for portable communication applications (2003)

A successful application of GaAs enhancement mode MESFET technology has been demonstrated for a portable communication system. A description is given of a single-stage enhancement mode FET amplifier dissipating about 10 mW of power and achieving a gain of 10 dB with a return loss of 14 dB at 900 MHz. This completely monolithic amplifier was unconditionally stable inside and outside the frequency band. High- and low-temperature performance of the amplifier is also reported. The circuit was tested at 70 degrees C and at -20 degrees C to study the temperature dependence of the circuit. While no appreciable degradation was observed at 70 degrees C, a drop in gain of about 2 dB was noticed at -20 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Services (2007)

Mobile technologies are gaining more popularity and diffusing into every aspects of our life. Value Added Services (VAS) has huge impact on consumers' usage patterns and became a significant differentiator across the operators. These led to new opportunities in innovation of differentiating services. Better services will be best developed by understanding the requirements of the users. In this study, our intention is to shed some light on the process of mobile service adoption by investigating value added services especially for informative and location based services. The study started with a background research to identify factors determining the adoption of mobile services; then continued with a qualitative study, namely interview. Factors are analyzed according to proposed mobile service adoption taxonomy, which has "service aspect" and "social aspect". Ease of use (EoU) and usefulness are perceived as most significant adoption factors in mobile service usage. These factors are related to both "service" and "social" aspects. While, content and mobility are dominant factors in terms of service aspect, social influence which is a category of social aspect is more important than characteristics of users.
Colored noise generation through deterministic chaos (1990)

The apparently stochastic properties of deterministic-chaotic sequences generated by hierarchies of nonlinear recursive loops are illustrated, as is the capability of such sequences to exhibit seemingly arbitrary spectral coloring. An approximate, though usefully accurate, approach to estimating probability density functions of sequences is developed The synthesis of sequences having prescribed statistics is examined. The tendency of power spectra of sequences to exhibit an increasingly excess low-frequency character as the number of loops in a hierarchy increases is illustrated. New insights are presented into (a) the generation of 1/f noise and (b) whether any species of noise need have a random origin.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Comparative Study of Several Material Models for Prediction of Hyperelastic Properties: Application to Silicone‐Rubber and Soft Tissues (2006)

Abstract: The correct modelling of constitutive laws is of critical importance for the analysis of mechanical behaviour of solids and structures. For example, the understanding of soft tissue mechanics, because of the nonlinear behaviour commonly displayed by the mechanical properties of such materials, makes common place the use of hyperelastic constitutive models. Hyperelastic models however, depend on sets of variables that must be obtained experimentally. In this study the authors use a computational/experimental scheme, for the study of the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of biological soft tissues under uniaxial tension. The material constants for seven different hyperelastic material models are obtained via inverse methods. The use of Martins's model to fit experimental data is presented in this paper for the first time. The search for an optimal value for each set of material parameters is performed by a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. As a control measure, the process is fully applied to silicone‐rubber samples subjected to uniaxial tension tests. The fitting accuracy of the experimental stress–strain relation to the theoretical one, for both soft tissues and silicone‐rubber (typically nonlinear) is evaluated. This study intents also to select which material models (or model types), the authors will employ in future works, for the analysis of human soft biological tissues.
Stalk: an interactive system for virtual molecular docking (1997)

Several recent technologies-genetic algorithms, parallel and distributed computing, virtual reality, and high-speed networking-underlie a new approach to the computational study of how biomolecules interact or "dock" together. With the Stalk system, a user in a virtual reality environment can interact with a genetic algorithm running on a parallel computer to help in the search for likely geometric configurations.
A blueprint for automatic Boolean query processing (1982)

Conventional information retrieval systems use Boolean query formulations and inverted file technologies for search and retrieval purposes. The need to construct complex Boolean queries in order to obtain the benefit of the existing retrieval operations constitutes a substantial burden for the users. In most environments trained search intermediaries are used to facilitate the communication between system and user.In this note a new Boolean retrieval environment is outlined in which the queries are automatically constructed from the original natural language query formulations provided by the users. Any available <u>Boolean</u> query formulations can also be improved automatically by using the natural language text of previously retrieved documents identified as relevant during previous searches. The automatic queries can be formulated in a standard Boolean system, or in an extended system in which the interpretation of the Boolean operators <u>and</u> and <u>or</u> is relaxed. In either case. the automatic Boolean manipulations produce better retrieval output than conventional retrieval operations based on manually prepared query statements.
Three-Level DC Converter for Balancing DC 800-V Voltage (2014)

This paper studies a three-level dc converter for balancing the dc input voltage, which has a similar topology with the conventional three-level dc converter. It can easily build a neutral line for changing a dc voltage source into two dc voltage-level sources. A control strategy of conducting time extension of partial switch devices is also presented for achieving three-level states of each power switch. The operating principle of the converter is analyzed in detail based on the presented control strategy. The small-signal model and the effects of the proposed control strategy are also driven. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested in the lab and the experimental results verify the converter to achieve three-level characteristics and to have a good ability of balancing the input voltage.
Functionalization and application of ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes (1997)

A series of highly ordered ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes (LPS) has been synthesized via "stepwise coupling polymerization" in recent years. Among them some new kind of reactive polymers, such as polyhydrosilsesquioxane, polyvinyl (or allyl) silsesquioxane, polyethoxysilsesquioxane, etc. as parent polymers, can be further functionalized by hydrosilylation reaction as well as hydrolysis, thermal or photo-crosslinking and group-replacement reactions. New kinds of so-called "fishbone-like" and "rowboat-like" liquid crystalline polymers and their corresponding metal complexes have been prepared and used as promising skeleton material to form a polymer–network liquid crystal display film and electroconductive film. Other potential applications include: thermostable glass-like photopatternable film, insulation layer of semiconductor device, high-performance protective coating material on the surface of single crystal, lens or integrated circuit with excellent laser-damaged and environment resistance, organic/inorganic hybrid material supermolecular self-assemblies, low decay, second harmonic generation, nonlinear optical polymer or other orientation film, as well as polymeric solid electrolyte polymeric auxilary agent and so on. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statement : 젊은 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 관리 (2020)

Although type 1 diabetes remains more common among children and adolescents, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes among children, adolescents, and young adults is dramatically increasing. Young-onset type 2 diabetes exhibits a stronger family history, a greater association with obesity, early loss of insulin secretion capacity with insulin resistance, early onset and rapid progression of chronic complications, and frequent need for early introduction of insulin. Therefore, the management of type 2 diabetes in this age group is challenging and there are age-specific concerns. Young-onset type 2 diabetes affects more individuals of working age, increasing the adverse societal effects of the disease. This article describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults.