gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Second Israeli Randomized Cloud Seeding Experiment: Evaluation of the Results (1981)

The Second Israeli Randomized Cloud Seeding Experiment was conducted during the six rainfall seasons November–April 1969–75. Its primary purpose was to examine the possibilities of enhancing rainfall in the catchment area of Lake Kinneret which serves as the principal reservoir of the Israel National Water Carrier. The present report constitutes the final statistical evaluation of this experiment. It has been preceded by a series of preliminary reports, some of which have dealt with specific subject areas. The study shows positive overall results, of 13 and 18% increases of precipitation under seeding in the total North and Catchment areas, respectively. The corresponding significance levels are 2.8 and 1.7%. These findings may be attributed to the following combination of reasons: 1) The clouds are cold (winter) continental cumuliform clouds, associated mostly with cold fronts and post-frontal bands, and have microstructures which seem to suggest that the rain-forming processes most frequently operate through the growth of ice crystals, followed by the more rapid growth of riming by graupel particles rather than through the all-water processes of collision-coalescence. 2) The water budget of the prevailing cumuliform clouds (average base temperature of 8°C) is such that the addition of moderate concentrations of ice crystals probably increases the precipitation efficiency of these clouds. 3) The distributions of cloud-top heights and temperatures indicate a very high predominance of cumuliform clouds, with tops in the range of −15 to −20°C. Such clouds have been found to be most amenable to seeding for rainfall enhancement. The above findings are supported by both experimental and theoretical evidence. The detailed statistical tables indicate that the overall increases in rainfall can also be tested with regards to their physical plausibility. Thus, it will be shown that (i) the attempt to target the seeding effects, on the basis of diffusion studies of the seeding agents, to a predesignated area, seems to have been successful; (ii) increases in daily rainfall under seeding are very large when the mode of the cloud top temperature distribution is in the range −15 to −21°C—under such conditions, increases of 46% at an 0.5% significance level (a 90% confidence interval for the increase of 13–113%) were detected; and (iii) stratification of the data according to daily precipitation in the control area shows that the days with large precipitation contributed much less to the end result. The effect of seeding is most pronounced and consistent on most of the days (82%) when the daily rainfall is ≤15 mm. The mean rainfall was 8.1 mm. It is suggested that the repeatability of significant and positive effects on rainfall under seeding, as demonstrated by the various statistical analyses, constitutes a measure of confirmation of the similar results obtained in the Israeli Experiment 1. The physical plausibility of these results adds further support to the statistically strong indications of a positive effect on rainfall.
Tmc207: the First Compound of A New class of Potent Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (2010)

Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues as a global epidemic: over 2 billion people harbor latent TB infection, and more than 9 million new TB cases, of whom 500,000 are multidrug-resistant (MDR), and nearly 2 million deaths are estimated to occur each year. New drugs are required to shorten treatment duration of drug-sensitive TB and for the treatment of MDR-TB. TMC207 is a first-in-class diarylquinoline compound with a novel mechanism of action, the inhibition of bacterial ATP synthase, and potent activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. It has bactericidal and sterilizing activity against M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species, but little activity against other bacteria. In a Phase II efficacy study conducted in patients with MDR-TB taking TMC207 plus a standard background regimen, the drug appeared to be safe and well tolerated, and showed significant efficacy after 2 months of treatment with conversion rates of sputum culture of 48% (vs 9% in the placebo group). Given the product development partnership between Tibotec and the TB Alliance, the strategies of using TMC207 in shorter first-line regimens or using it in second-line regimens for drug-resistant M. tuberculosis infections are both being pursued. No clinical data of TMC207 in TB patients with HIV coinfection have been published; drug-drug interaction studies with antiretrovirals are being conducted. Finally, the remarkable sterilizing capacity of TMC207 also makes it an attractive drug in the strategy of TB elimination. Current and future studies will determine the role of TMC207 in a shortened treatment regimen for drug-sensitive TB, a more effective and better-tolerated regimen for MDR-TB, the treatment of latent TB infection, and intermittent-TB treatment regimens.
Computation and management of chemical properties in CACTVS: An extensible networked approach toward modularity and compatibility (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputation and management of chemical properties in CACTVS: An extensible networked approach toward modularity and compatibilityWolf Dietrich Ihlenfeldt, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Hidetsugu Abe, and S. SasakiCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 1, 109–116Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00017a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00017a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and biological evaluation of de-AB-camptothecin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological evaluation of de-AB-camptothecinS. Danishefsky and Sarah J. EtheredgeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 23, 3430–3432Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00937a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00937a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New techniques in power control (1970)

Novel improvements in power-supply design will be discussed. One technique reduces weight, bulk and expense by charging a bank of capactors in series from the line and discharging them in parallel into the load. Another development features use of a saturated transistor as a high-current rectifier. Device voltage drops as low as 165 mV at 100 A have been realized.
Learning for Mastery. Instruction and Curriculum. Regional Education Laboratory for the Carolinas and Virginia, Topical Papers and Reprints, Number 1. (1968)

Understanding gene expression by bacteria during the actual course of human infection may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, in clinical specimens from cholera patients. We collected samples of human stool and vomitus that were positive by dark-field microscopy for abundant vibrios and used a microarray to compare gene expression in organisms recovered directly from specimens collected during the early and late stages of human infection. Our results reveal that V. cholerae gene expression within the human host environment differs from patterns defined in in vitro models of pathogenesis. tcpA, the major subunit of the essential V. cholerae colonization factor, was significantly more highly expressed in early than in late stages of infection; however, the genes encoding cholera toxin were not highly expressed in either phase of human infection. Furthermore, expression of the virulence regulators toxRS and tcpPH was uncoupled. Interestingly, the pattern of gene expression indicates that the human upper intestine may be a uniquely suitable environment for the transfer of genetic elements that are important in the evolution of pathogenic strains of V. cholerae. These findings provide a more detailed assessment of the transcriptome of V. cholerae in the human host than previous studies of organisms in stool alone and have implications for cholera control and the design of improved vaccines.
Entheogens and Existential Intelligence: The Use of Plant Teachers as Cognitive Tools (2002)

In light of recent specific liberalizations in drug laws in some countries, I have investigated the potential of entheogens (i.e., psychoactive plants used as spiritual sacraments) as tools to facilitate existential intelligence. “Plant teachers” from the Americas such as ayahuasca, psilocybin mushrooms, and peyote, and the Indo-Aryan soma of Eurasia, are examples of entheogens that have been used used in both the past and present. These have all been revered as spiritual or cognitive tools to provide a richer cosmological understanding of the world for both individuals and cultures. I used Gardner’s (1999a) revised multiple intelligence theory and his postulation of an “existential” intelligence as a theoretical lens through which to account for the cognitive possibilities of entheogens and explore potential ramifications for education. Keywords: multiple intelligences, existential intelligence, entheogen, ayahuasca, hallucinogen A la lumiere des liberalisations recentes des lois sur les drogues dans certains pays, l’auteur a etudie le potentiel des entheogenes (des plantes psychoactives utilisees comme sacrements spirituels) comme outils favorisant l’intelligence existentielle. Ces « phytomaitres » des Ameriques, comme l’aya-huasca, les champignons de psilocybine et le peyolt, ainsi que le soma indo-aryen de l’Eurasie sont des exemples d’entheogenes utilises dans le passe et de nos jours et veneres par des particuliers et diverses cultures comme des outils spirituels ou cognitifs permettant d’acceder a une comprehension plus riche du cosmos. L’auteur a utilise la theorie revisee de l’intelligence multiple de Gardner (1999a) et a son postulat au sujet d’une intelligence « existentielle » comme une lentille theorique pouvant expliquer les possibilites cognitives des entheogenes et servir a explorer des ramifications potentielles pour l’education. Mots cles : intelligence multiple, intelligence existentielle, entheogene, ayahuasca, hallucinogene
New single-poly EEPROM with cell size down to 8F/sup 2/ for high density embedded nonvolatile memory applications (2004)

A novel EEPROM memory cell with new program and erase operations fabricated by standard CMOS logic process is presented. The cell which consists of two N-Type MOSFET transistors in series is programmed by select gate controlled channel hot hole and erased by channel hot electron injection along with more than 10/sup 5/ cycles of endurance and 1000 hours of data retention at 150/spl deg/C. Without an additional P-well or N-well serving as the coupling gate, the area of a bit can be as small as 8F/sup 2/, the smallest area reported for single-poly EEPROM cells.
A smart low-consumption IoT framework for location tracking and its real application (2016)

Location-based services are increasingly popular. Smart devices embedded with GPS receiver are widely used in vehicle tracking, law enforcement and person monitoring. To provide real-time data collecting and analyzing, a backend server is necessary. A mobile app can work as a user client for accessing location data and remote control. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a system providing real-time positioning and tracking service. Our system consists of three parts: tracking device, backend server and mobile app. Our tracking device integrates GPS module, GSM/GPRS module and TCP/IP stack, capable of generating location data, establishing TCP connection and receiving SMS. Location data are transmitted over TCP connection from device to our backend server. The server is responsible for collecting and storing data. The server also provides an HTTP-based RESTful API for mobile app and web service. A mobile app is built for displaying data and controlling device remotely. Data accessing is via calling REST API and remote control is sent to device by SMS. Our device is compact in volume, accurate in positioning, and long in battery life. Our device has been integrated in a walking stick as a real-world product.
Tempol, a Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Agent, Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity through Alleviation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice (2014)

This study highlights the potential role of tempol in inhibiting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without affecting its antitumor activity via amelioration of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Improved cardiac performance with human calcitonin gene related peptide in patients with congestive heart failure (1990)

Calcitonin gene related peptide improves myocardial contractility in patients with congestive heart failure. This is the first time this has been shown.
The effect of squalene on the heat stability of rapeseed oil and model lipids (1991)

Abstract The heat stability of oils and fats is believed to depend not only of their fatty acid pattern but also on the composition on the unsaponifiable fraction. The addition of the unsaponifiables isolated from wheat germ oil, corn oil, Vernonia anthelmintica or olive oil was found to retard oxidative polymerization in vegetable oils and model lipids subjected to heating (1‐41. The protective effect of the non‐glyceride fraction is ascribed to sterols and methylsterols containing the ethyliden group in the side chain [1, 2]. There is scant information on squalene as a potential oxidation inhibitor. According to Sims et al. a addition of 0.5 96 squalene markedly retarded the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids in safflower oil heated at 180°C [11]. As reported by Go‐wind et al. squalene initially showing antioxidant properties for methyl oleate and methyl linoleate heated at 63°C was found to promote their oxidation at prolonged heating [IS]. This paper contains the results of the experiments carried out to reveal the effect of squalene on the heat stability of rapeseed oil and two model lipids.
Quadruple-well CMOS for VLSI technology (1984)

A novel process has been developed to fabricate high-density CMOS with four wells. These wells are self aligned to increase packing density. Two of them are relatively deep wells used to optimize both n- and p-channel active devices. The other two are shallow wells under field oxide to form channel stops for both device types. The channel stops provide rigorous isolation among similar devices and between the devices of the opposite polarity. Subthreshold leakage currents in isolation regions are <0.05 pA/µm when devices are biased at <16.5 V. The channel stops also suppress lateral parasitic bipolar action. To reduce the vertical bipolar gain, a new process technique employing a double-retrograde well and transient annealing has been established. For the CMOS structure with 2-µm p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -to-p-well spacing, we have eliminated latchup by suppressing the beta product to below unity. Moreover, the quadruple-well approach has produced active n- and p-channel FET's with excellent characteristics such as low threshold voltage (∼±0.5 V), low subthreshold slope (≲95 mV/dec), low contact resistivity (∼10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and high channel mobility (620 and 210 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V . s).
Serum methylmalonic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis using electrokinetic injection and indirect photometric detection. (1997)

Elevated methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a superior marker for cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. A rapid assay for serum MMA suitable for clinical specimens has been developed. The specimen is injected electrokinetically after a simple extraction. MMA is measured using indirect photometric detection at 210 nm, based on the displacement of phthalic acid in the running electrolyte; no derivatization is needed. The detection limit is 0.2 mumol/L, well below 0.4 mumol/L, which defines elevated concentrations. The assay is linear up to 100 mumol/L, although specimens above 10 mumol/L are diluted to maximize resolution. The CV is < 10% at 0.30 mumol/L and 0.80 mumol/L. The assay gives results that are comparable to more traditional methods.
The state of needs (2003)

In this chapter I argue that given modern conditions of politics a coercive authority is a sine qua non in the evaluation and meeting of needs as proposed in this political philosophy of needs. I argue that the modern state has the potential to be this authority but only if it institutionalises successfully a particular kind of need-based and institution-directed dynamic approach to constant transformation. This kind of political authority would instantiate the sort of need-disclosing procedures and goals outlined here, and constantly transform itself in line with these procedures and goals. I call this kind of transforming, need-disclosing authority a 'state of needs'. Were a modern state to become a state of needs it would become a radically new kind of political authority. This is the case because some of the need-disclosing procedures and goals, for example individual participation in the everyday evaluation of needs and institutions, require fundamental transformations, as will be discussed below. I propose an understanding of this radically new form of coercive authority, the state of needs, in terms of the disclosure, evaluation and transformation of needs, true interests, institutions and need trajectories. Recall that need trajectories are the various different actual and possible paths or trajectories down which the development of needs can progress.
The use of digital modulation signals in radar system for detection of nonlinear scatterers (2011)

This paper deals with initial application of digital modulation techniques in the radar systems utilizing non-linear junction detection (NLJD) principle. Various types of devices, such as handheld detectors for searching of hidden listening devices, have previously been developed and are commercially available. However, these devices transmit single frequency harmonic waveform which in general limits efficiency of energy transmission to nonlinear scatterer. A novel method using wideband transmit signal with phase shift keying digital modulation was proposed and analyzed. A simple mathematical model of nonlinear scatterer's response for modulation application was created and simulated in MATLAB. It was proved by experimental measurements that narrowband detection is achieved at the receiver with significant contribution to transmitter power efficiency compared to conventional single frequency pulse modulated CW systems. Significant performance gains and only modest increase in complexity of the transmitter make this method attractive for harmonic radar systems.
Obtaining dynamic scheduling policies with simulation and machine learning (2017)

Dynamic scheduling of tasks in large-scale HPC platforms is normally accomplished using ad-hoc heuristics, based on task characteristics, combined with some backfilling strategy. Defining heuristics that work efficiently in different scenarios is a difficult task, specially when considering the large variety of task types and platform architectures. In this work, we present a methodology based on simulation and machine learning to obtain dynamic scheduling policies. Using simulations and a workload generation model, we can determine the characteristics of tasks that lead to a reduction in the mean slowdown of tasks in an execution queue. Modeling these characteristics using a nonlinear function and applying this function to select the next task to execute in a queue improved the mean task slowdown in synthetic workloads. When applied to real workload traces from highly different machines, these functions still resulted in performance improvements, attesting the generalization capability of the obtained heuristics.
Arterial steroid injection therapy can inhibit the progression of severe acute hepatic failure toward fulminant liver failure (2006)

瞄准：利用 transcatheter 经由到还原剂的肝的动脉的动脉的类固醇注射治疗(TASIT ) 在有严重尖锐肝的失败的病人的肝的巨噬细胞活动。方法：有严重尖锐肝的失败的 34 个病人进入我们在 2002 年 6 月之间的医院到提供肝移植(副) 的可能性的 2006 年 6 月。十七个病人用传统的肝被对待支持的过程，和另外的 17 个病人另外每天与 1000 mg 甲基氢化尼松经历 TASIT 3 连续的天了。结果：收到了 TASIT 的 17 个病人，没有任何复杂并发症， 13 被治好， 2 死了，并且 2 经历了谁的 17 个病人的副没收到 TASIT ， 4 是自我限制的， 7 死了，并且 6 经历了逻辑分析揭示了的副 Univariate 那腹水，血清白蛋白，前凝血酶时间，血小板计数，和 TASIT 是为建立预后的重要变量。用逐步的可变选择的 Multivariate 逻辑回归分析证明那前凝血酶时间，血小板计数，和 TASIT 是独立预兆的因素。结论：TASIT 可能有效地阻止严重尖锐肝的失败的前进到暴发性的肝失败的一个致命的阶段。
The design of a secure key management system for mobile ad hoc networks (2008)

Key management is an important service for providing secure communications when the network size is large or the topology is undergoing frequent changes. In most existing key management schemes, a centralized key certification authority is used; however, it is not suitable for wireless environments due to the networkspsila scalability and the insufficient computation ability of mobile nodes. In this paper, a novel key management scheme is presented that emphasizes the secure and efficient key updates by using a frequency-based approach. Furthermore, our scheme makes use of a combination of both symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms to protect other aspects of key management, such as data confidentiality, key distribution, etc. Simulation experiments are implemented based on the ns-2 simulator and show that our frequency-based rekeying scheme has a better performance in comparison to other traditional schemes. Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme not only achieves the necessary and efficient key updates but also provides more security in mobile ad hoc networks.