gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain- and needle-free vaccination (2007)

Capable of inducing antigen-specific immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments without the use of syringe and needle, mucosal vaccination is considered ideal for the global control of infectious diseases. In this study, we developed a rice-based oral vaccine expressing cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) under the control of the endosperm-specific expression promoter 2.3-kb glutelin GluB-1 with codon usage optimization for expression in rice seed. An average of 30 mug of CTB per seed was stored in the protein bodies, which are storage organelles in rice. When mucosally fed, rice seeds expressing CTB were taken up by the M cells covering the Peyer's patches and induced CTB-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies with neutralizing activity. When expressed in rice, CTB was protected from pepsin digestion in vitro. Rice-expressed CTB also remained stable and thus maintained immunogenicity at room temperature for >1.5 years, meaning that antigen-specific mucosal immune responses were induced at much lower doses than were necessary with purified recombinant CTB. Because they require neither refrigeration (cold-chain management) nor a needle, these rice-based mucosal vaccines offer a highly practical and cost-effective strategy for orally vaccinating large populations against mucosal infections, including those that may result from an act of bioterrorism.
XPS Study of Surface Properties in the Superionic Conducting Glass Of (AgI)0.4(Ag2O)0.3(MoO3)0.3 Bombarded by Ion and Electron Beams (2001)

Article XPS Study of Surface Properties in the Superionic Conducting Glass Of (AgI)0.4(Ag2O)0.3(MoO3)0.3 Bombarded by Ion and Electron Beams was published on March 1, 2001 in the journal High Temperature Materials and Processes (volume 20, issue 1).
Five-Year Results of Iliac and Femoropopliteal Angioplasty in Diabetic Patients (1990)

Results of 127 iliac and femoropopliteal transluminal angioplasties in 97 diabetic patients are presented. Patients who had undergone iliac (n = 70), femoral (n = 41), and popliteal (n = 16) angioplasties for stenoses up to 15 cm long were followed up for 6-60 months. In diabetic patients presenting with only claudication or adequate runoff, the 5-year iliac patency rate was 76% and the femoral patency rate was 60%; these results were comparable with those found in nondiabetic patients. For limb salvage, 3-year patency rates were 66% for iliac, 37% for femoral, and 37% for popliteal angioplasties, and 5-year patency rates were 29% for iliac, 7% for femoral, and 0% for popliteal angioplasties. Severe peripheral ischemia, poor runoff, and diffuse stenoses all had negative effects on angioplasty results.
Simultaneous measurements of particle size, velocity, and absorption coefficient using dual-burst Doppler signals (2003)

A method for simultaneous measurements of particle size, velocity and absorption coefficient is proposed by using dual-burst Doppler signals which are obtained in the planar LDV optical system. In the system, two bursts of reflective and refractive Doppler beat signals are produced by passage of a single particle through the probe volume. The particle diameter is obtained from a time difference between the two bursts, while the absorption coefficient is determined from their intensity ratio. Theoretical and experimental investigations were carried out to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method.
Exercícios, problemas e explorações: Perspetivas de professoras num estudo de aula (2019)

Analisamos as perspetivas sobre as tarefas a propor aos alunos de um grupo de cinco professoras do 2.º ciclo do ensino básico que participam num estudo de aula. Nas tarefas, distinguimos entre exercícios, problemas e explorações e damos especial atenção ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio matemático. A recolha de dados foi feita por observação participante e recolha documental, através da elaboração de um diário de bordo, gravação áudio das doze sessões realizadas e gravação vídeo da aula de investigação. Os resultados mostram que, a partir do trabalho efetuado no estudo de aula, as professoras aceitam a distinção entre exercício, problema e exploração e valorizam a realização deste último tipo de tarefa. Reconhecem, também, as representações pictóricas como base para a elaboração de estratégias de resolução de problemas pelos alunos. Além disso, passam a valorizar a realização de generalizações e justificações por parte dos alunos, reconhecendo que estes são por vezes capazes de surpreender o professor pela originalidade das suas estratégias de resolução dos problemas. Finalmente, os professores assumem também que devem ser propostas aos alunos tarefas de natureza diversificada, incluindo tarefas com um certo nível de desafio.
Two-Pieces Orbitopterional Craniotomy in the AcomA Aneurysm Surgery—Surgical Techniques for Cosmetic Consideration (2007)

Objectives: Cosmetic problems after the orbitopterional craniotomy are big concerns caused by injury to the temporalis muscle and more destructive resections of the orbit. This report describes the techniques to dissect the physiologic plane of temporalis muscle and fascia and preserve the contour of the orbit.
Oxidation of 2-Nitroalkanols under Phase Transfer Conditions: A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Linear α-Nitro Ketones (1984)

Oxydation de β-nitroalcanols par le chromate ou dichromate de potassium dans l'acide sulfurique-dichloromethane en presence de l'hydrogenosulfate de tetrabutyl ammonium
Energy hub modelling and optimisation: an analytical case-study (2015)

Energy hub modelling and analysis has garnered a significant degree of attention in the last few years, with different approaches and formalisms being proposed to provide a unified framework for dealing with such systems. The present work is derived from one such approach and presents a numerical analysis of a real world case-study based on the Bilbao Exhibition Centre. The modelling and optimisation method is employed to assess the economic profitability of upgrading the system by expanding its portfolio of energy assets and evaluating the impact over a number of years of operation.
Regulation of the Concentration of Free Arachidonic Acid in Homogenates of Human Platelets (1992)

With the intention to study the regulation of the availability of free arachidonic acid through the enzymes of the Lands cycle, we established a model system in homogenates of human platelets. Phospholipase A2, arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase and lysophosphatidyl acyltransferase proved to be simultaneously active and a steady turnover of arachidonic acid was the consequence. EGTA suppressed the deacylating activity that acted on endogenous membrane phospholipids and prevented eicosanoid formation from previously esterified exogenous arachidonoyl-CoA. The reacylating enzymes took part in the control of eicosanoid biosynthesis by re-esterification of liberated arachidonic acid. Blockade of the reacylation by apyrase made arachidonic acid completely available for further metabolization into 12-HETE and thereby induced an increase in the eicosanoid release.
Use of a mathematical model to estimate stress and strain during elevated pressure induced lamina cribrosa deformation (2001)

These results may provide better estimates of the stress and strain experienced by cells in the lamina cribrosa and may further our understanding of the forces that contribute to optic nerve degeneration during glaucoma.
Water vapor estimates using simultaneous dual-wavelength radar observations (2010)

[1] A technique for the estimation of humidity in the lower troposphere using simultaneous dual-wavelength radar observations is proposed and tested. The method compares the reflectivity from clouds and precipitation of a non-attenuated wavelength (S-band, 10 cm) and an attenuated wavelength (Ka-band, 8 mm) to compute the clear-air gaseous attenuation at the attenuated wavelength. These estimates are of total gaseous attenuation on radar ray segments that extend from the radar to a cloud/precipitation echo or from one echo to another. The attenuation estimates are then used to compute the path-integrated humidity, which is plotted at the midpoint of the ray segments. Using estimates at several elevation angles and different ranges, a profile of humidity through the lower troposphere can be retrieved. The retrieved humidity compared favorably to proximity in situ soundings with root mean square difference values between the retrieval and sounding ranging from 0.14 to 0.85 g m−3 (approximately 2–6% relative error, respectively).
Problem Formulation for Multidisciplinary Optimization (1994)

This paper is about multidisciplinary (design) optimization, or MDO, the coupling of two or more analysis disciplines with numerical optimization. The paper has three goals. First, it is an expository introduction to MDO aimed at those who do research on optimization algorithms, since the optimization community has much to contribute to this important class of computational engineering problems. Second, this paper presents to the MDO research community a new abstraction for multidisciplinary analysis and design problems as well as new decomposition formulations for these problems. Third, the “individual discipline feasible” (IDF) approaches introduced here make use of existing specialized analysis codes, and they introduce significant opportunities for coarse-grained computational parallelism particularly well suited to heterogeneous computing environments. The key distinguishing characteristic of the three fundamental approaches to MDO formulation discussed here is the kind of disciplinary feasibility that must be maintained at each optimization iteration. Other formulation issues, such as the sensitivities required, are also considered. This discussion highlights the trade-offs between reuse of existing software, computational requirements, and probability of success.
Structure of the menisci of leaky dielectric liquids during electrically-assisted evaporation of ions (2016)

An understanding of the processes enabling field-assisted evaporation of ions from leaky dielectric liquids, i.e., liquids that are substantially less conductive than liquid metals, has historically been elusive in comparison to those of conventional electrohydrodynamic emission modes such as that of the cone-jet. While select ionic liquids have been shown to yield nearly monodisperse beams of molecular ions under certain conditions, the dearth of direct observation (visualization) and theoretical insight has precluded a fundamental appreciation for the inherent mechanics. In this paper, we present a family of equilibrium meniscus structures that shed measurable charge when the meniscus is large in relation to a characteristic emission scale. Such structures reside in a region of parameter space where empirical evidence suggests that steady emission may occur and also where stationary interfaces have not been reported before. In this regime, we show (i) that the macroscopic shape of the meniscus may vary only with the applied electric field; (ii) that the feeding flow is very germane to the emission characteristics, unlike liquid metal ion sources; and (iii) that while the balance of stresses governing the interface shape may in some cases be very similar to that of the classical Taylor cone, the widespread notion of a ubiquitous 49° half-angle is unfounded. Further study of this family may be helpful in elucidating a number of outstanding questions surrounding the pure ion mode.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Mediated Cyclizations of β‐Keto Esters with Acetals: A Convenient Route to 2‐Carbalkoxycycloalkenones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photolytic cleavage of the iron–carboxyalkyl ligand bond in some iron(<scp>III</scp>) tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrins: evidence for reversible photodecomposition and fragmentation from EPR and UV spectroscopy (1993)

EPR spectroscopy, in conjunction with spin-trapping and spin-scavenging techniques, has been employed together with UV–VIS spectroscopy to establish that iron(III) tetra(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrins ligated to carboxylate anions undergo ready photodissociation with light in the visible region of the spectrum. Studies conducted as a function of pH and for a variety of carboxylic acids provide evidence for initial photodecomposition to give FeII and acyloxyl radicals, for which recombination competes with decarboxylation to give alkyl radicals. The roles of oxygen and the structure of the initial complex have been explored.
RECIPROCAL CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF VERY LOW AND LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS IN MAN (1972)

A B S T R AC T The changes in other plasma lipoproteins which accompany alterations in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were studied in 31 normal and hyperlipidemic men and women who underwent weight reduction, carbohydrate induction, or clofibrate treatment. Plasma lipids and individual lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were measured serially during control and treatment periods. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) protein was determined by radial immunodiffusion. Oppositely directed changes in VLDL and LDL were found with each of the three metabolic perturbations. Changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol generally paralleled those in LDL but were less consistent. Two patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia failed to demonstrate reciprocal increases in LDL despite more than 40% reduction in plasma glycerides or VLDL with weight reduction or clofibrate therapy. After clofibrate therapy, LDL increased in proportion to the absolute decrease in VLDL cholesterol during treatment. LDL protein changed relatively less than did LDL cholesterol. The mechanism for the interdependency of plasma VLDL and LDL concentrations over the long term is not known and may be the result of altered rates of interconversion of these lipoproteins, or to feedback inhibition by VLDL of LDL production and release.
Spontaneous Chirality Induction and Enantiomer Separation in Liquid Crystals Composed of Achiral Rod-Shaped 4-Arylbenzoate Esters (2009)

The discovery of spontaneously induced chirality and enantiomeric separation in liquid crystal and soft crystal systems composed of achiral rod-shaped 4-arylbenzoate esters is described. Negligibly small circular dichroism (CD) signals are produced in the smectic A (SmA) phases of these substances, and the signals were found to increase with increasing smectic order. Since the advent of chirality occurs in freely suspended films, it is not a consequence of surface effects. Both positive and negative CD signals are observed with equal probability at different positions in these films. Vibrational CD spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to analyze the conformational changes that are associated with the induced chirality of the rod-shaped molecules. The results show that the phenomenon is caused by the twisting of biphenyl bond associated with the ester moiety in 4-arylbenzoate esters.
Deformation of Nd-doped Gd3Ga5O12 garnet due to crystal growth process. (1988)

A single crystal boule of cubic Gd3Ga5O12 garnet doped with Nd, which was grown by the Czochralski technique, was optically examined by using microscopic and Sénarmont methods. The crystal contained deformed zones and consequently showed the striations interleaved with undeformed zones. The zonal striations show the convex shape parallel to one another and are nearly perpendicular to the [111] growth axis. The birefringence of the deformed zones was estimated as 10-6 in the order of magnitude. The axis for large refractive index is nearly parallel to the growth axis, while the axisfor small one is nearly parallel to the striations, though the axes are slightlyinclined at point to point of the striations. The distribution of birefringence along the striations was analyzed to be larger from the core towards outer periphery of the crystal boule.
Applicability of Simplified Simulation Models for Perforation-Mediated Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh Produce (2013)

The comprehensive mass balances of differential equations involving gas diffusion and hydraulic convection through package perforation, gas permeation through polymeric film, and produce respiration have commonly been used to predict the atmosphere of perforated fresh produce packages. However, the predictions often suffer from instability, and to circumvent this problem, a simplified diffusion model that omits the convective gas transfer and empirical models based on experimental mass transfer data have been developed and investigated previously by several researchers. This study investigated the potential and limitations of the simplified diffusion model and two empirical models for predicting the atmosphere in perforated produce packages. The simplified diffusion model satisfactorily estimated the atmosphere inside the perforated packages of fresh produce under the aerobic conditions examined. Published empirical models of the mass transfer coefficients of the perforation seem to be valid only for the measured conditions and thus should be used carefully for that specific purpose.
Chain persistency in single-stranded DNA (2004)

We develop a theoretical approach to hairpin-loop formation of single-stranded (ss) DNA by treating the strand as a two-state system in which bases are either "stacked" or "unstacked." The looping kinetics of ssDNA is shown to be intrinsically different from that of a wormlike chain; it is mainly controlled by stacking-breakage probability, not by the mean curvature of loops, and highly sensitive to the composition of the loop as seen in recent experiments. Our estimate of a stacking energy for poly ( dA ), -3.9 kcal/mol, is consistent with known results.
Effects of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D on the renal vitamin K-dependent carboxylating system. (1983)

The vitamin K-dependent production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein occurs in the kidney. This protein, which we will call KGP, has no assigned physiological role. In the experiments described here, the effects of the calcium-regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), on the renal vitamin K-dependent carboxylation system were studied. PTH, when administered via continuous infusion at 3 units/h using a subcutaneous osmotic pump, caused a time-dependent increase in the activity of the renal gamma-glutamyl carboxylase which was detectable after 2 days and continued to increase up to day 7 of infusion. The increase was more marked in thyroparathyroidectomized rats than in intact rats, suggesting the possibility of an antagonistic action by endogenous calcitonin. Treatment of intact rats with 1,25-(OH)2D3 by daily intraperitoneal injections also caused a time-dependent increase in the activity of the carboxylase. When the warfarin-mediated accrual in renal microsomes of the precursor of KGP was measured, treatment with either parathyroid hormone plus warfarin or 1,25-(OH)2D3 plus warfarin caused a significant increase in precursor relative to animals treated with warfarin alone. Thus, the synthesis of KGP is modulated by these two calcium regulating hormones both by increasing the synthesis of KGP precursor as well as by increasing the activity of the carboxylase enzyme which catalyzes post-translational modification of the precursor.
The Mechanism of the Decomposition of N2O on ZnO as Catalyst (1950)

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Transient Response Analysis via a Broadened Pulse Combined with a Step Change or an Isotopic Pulse. Application to CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Methane over NiO/SiO<sub>2</sub> (1997)

In this paper, a transient response analysis is developed by combining a broadened pulse with a step change or an isotopic pulse. The combined method provides information about the activation of the catalyst and the catalytic reaction mechanism. The method is applied to the CO2 reforming of methane over NiO/SiO2 at 800 °C. The response to the broadened CH4/CO2 (1:1) pulse over fresh NiO/SiO2 exhibited an induction time during which no reaction between CH4 and CO2 occurred, indicating that NiO/SiO2 had no activity. As the NiO was gradually reduced by CH4, the reforming reaction took place, indicating that Ni0 is the active site for this reaction. During the transient response to a step change to He in the broadened pulse of CH4/CO2 over a reduced NiO/SiO2 catalyst at 800 °C, a long CO tail was observed; however, no such tail was noted in the response after a step change to He in the broadened pure CO pulse at 800 °C. This indicates that the CO desorption is rapid and that the surface reaction between C and O species constitutes the rate-determining step of the reforming reaction. The transient response to a sharp 18O2 pulse introduced into the broadened CH4/C16O2 pulse indicated that, over a reduced NiO/SiO2 catalyst, 18O2 replaced some C16O2 in the reaction with CH4 to generate CO18 and that some Ni0 was oxidized to Ni18O. The long tail of CO18 indicates that carbon species reduce this NiO18 to Ni0.
Soliton squeezing in a highly transmissive nonlinear optical loop mirror (1999)

A perturbation approach is used to study the quantum noise of optical solitons in an asymmetric fiber Sagnac interferometer (a highly transmissive nonlinear optical loop mirror). Analytical expressions for the three second-order quadrature correlators are derived and used to predict the amount of detectable amplitude squeezing along with the optimum power-splitting ratio of the Sagnac interferometer. We find that it is the number-phase correlation owing to the Kerr nonlinearity that is primarily responsible for the observable noise reduction. The group-velocity dispersion affecting the field in the nonsoliton arm of the fiber interferometer is shown to limit the minimum achievable Fano factor.
Vers la synthèse d'un nouvel inhibiteur de la gluconéogenèse, le FR225654 (2009)

Thimerosal causes synthesis and/or release of both endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and prostaglandins from conductance vessels in vitro. We tested its effects and mechanism of action on mouse pial arterioles in vivo using intravital microscopic techniques. Topical thimerosal dilated pial arterioles. This effect was eliminated by endothelial injury produced by a laser/Evans blue technique. Dilation was also eliminated by topical L-NMMA, a reported inhibitor of EDRF synthesis. Topical thimerosal also reduced the incidence of platelet adhesion/aggregation ("capture") at a site of minimal endothelial damage. This effect was eliminated by L-NMMA pretreatment. The ability of thimerosal to dilate arterioles was eliminated not only by treatments thought to eliminate synthesis/release of EDRF, but also by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. However, inhibition of platelet adhesion/aggregation was not affected by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Thimerosal significantly increased production of prostaglandin E2 recovered from a closed cranial window. We conclude that the dilating effects of thimerosal on diameter require two endothelium-derived agents: EDRF and one or more prostaglandins acting in concert. However, the inhibiting effect of thimerosal on local platelet adhesion/aggregation appears to be caused only by an increase in EDRF at the injured site.