gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Case-Control Study to Evaluate Efficacy-Of Screening for Faecal Occult Blood (1995)

While there can be uncertainty as to whether specific faecal occult blood tests were performed as screening or diagnostic tests, those performed at home and in younger persons may be relatively less likely to be diagnostic tests that were misclassified as screening. Thus the modest reduced risk associated with faecal occult blood testing in these settings/persons may reflect genuine benefit. However, the presence of a reduced risk associated with a screening faecal occult blood test received in the past, well before a tumour or polyp might bleed enough to allow detection, is compatible with uncontrolled confounding. Interpretation is further complicated by the fact that a number of individuals in the study group who had positive test results underwent limited or no diagnostic testing. Thus our results should be interpreted with considerable caution.
Grazing, skipping and sliding: Analysis of the non-smooth dynamics of the DC/DC buck converter (1998)

In this paper, we provide an analytical insight into the observed nonlinear behaviour of the buck converter and link this with the study of a wider class of piecewise-smooth systems. After introducing the buck converter model and background, we describe the most fascinating features of its dynamical behaviour. We then introduce the so-called grazing and sliding solutions and discuss their role in determining many of the buck converter&apos;s dynamical oddities. In particular, a local map is studied which explains how the grazing bifurcations cause sharp turning points in the bifurcation diagram of periodic orbits. Moreover, we show how these orbits accumulate onto a sliding trajectory through a &quot;spiralling&quot; impact adding scenario. The structure of such a diagram is derived analytically and is shown to be closely related to the analysis of homoclinic bifurcations. The results are shown to match perfectly with numerical simulations. The sudden jump to large-scale chaos and the fingered stru...
Congested Banyan network analysis using congested-queue states and neighboring-queue effects (1996)

A Banyan network analysis technique is presented which more accurately models a congested network than other reported techniques. The analysis is based on the observation that a full queue (within the switching modules making up the network) causes traffic to back up. For a short time after becoming full, the free space in the queue is limited to no more than one slot. A queue in such a condition is called congested. Because of blocking the arrival rate to a congested queue is higher; this tends to maintain congestion. The arrival rate to a congested queue's dual is lower, as is the service rate for queues feeding the congested queue. These effects are captured in the analysis by using a state model that codes the condition of a queue and its neighbors. From a queue's state it can be determined if the queue, its dual, or a next-stage queue to which it connects is congested, as well as the number of items in the queue. Network throughput computed with the model is closer to that obtained from simulations than other Banyan analyses appearing in literature, including those designed to model congestion. Further, the queue-occupancy distributions are much closer than other analyses, suggesting that the analysis better models conditions in congested Banyan networks.
MONOMER REACTIVITY RATIO MEASUREMENT OF PERFLUOROMETHYL VINYL ETHER WITH SOME VINYL MONOMERS CONTAINING FLUORINE IN EMULSION COPOLYMERIZATION (2001)

The monomer reactivity ratios of emulsion copolymerization for some fluorine containing gaseous monomers,i.e.perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE) with TFE and PMVE with vinylidene fluoride (VDF) were measured and studied.At relatively low pressure,the copolymer composition equation could be kept in the same way as Mayo Lewis equation after replacing the monomer concentration with gaseous mole fraction,and the monomer reactivity ratios with apparent monomer reactivity ratios.The initial and the end monomer mole fractions existing in the copolymerization systems were determined with gas chromatography (GC) and the copolymer compositions were calculated from the GC experimental data.The apparent monomer reactivity ratios estimated from reactivity ratio error in variables model (RREVM) were γ TFE =3.89, γ PMVE =0.05 and γ VDF =1.06, γ PMVE =0.11 for these two copolymerization systems respectively.The composition of ternary copolymer composed of TFE/VDF/PMVE made from emulsion copolymerization was calculated according to the ternary copolymer composition equation with these apparent monomer reactivity ratios measured.It was found that the composition of such a ternary copolymer was in good agreement with that measured by means of 19 F NMR.
Ratio-Independent Arterial Stiffness-Based Blood Pressure Estimation (2014)

Blood pressure is one of the crucial vital signs that still lacks measurement accuracy in clinical environments. It is reported by physicians that automated non-invasive blood pressure measurement devices, which are usually based on the oscillometric method, do not provide accurate estimation of blood pressure. This problem has been addressed in this work by incorporating arterial stiffness in blood pressure measurement. Pulse transit time is first used to estimate arterial stiffness parameters. Afterwards, these parameters are fixed into a model of the oscillometric envelope which can then be used to curve fit measured data using only four free parameters: systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure and minimum lumen area. The proposed individualized technique is independent of any experimentally determined ratio, commonly used in existing oscillometric methods. The accuracy of the proposed technique is evaluated by comparing with (1) the same model without incorporation of arterial stiffness (i.e. a purely oscillometric technique), and (2) Omron device measurements. The results are promising and meet the criteria recommended by the ANSI/AAMI SP - 10 standard for non-invasive blood pressure measurement techniques.
Auto-tuning of RRM parameters in UMTS networks. Feasibility study. (2007)

Due to the intrinsic characteristics of WCDMA and the great number of services offered by UMTS, its radio channel is much more dynamic compared with GERAN systems. The traffic fluctuations and users mobility can cause the impairment of the network performance and of the quality of service (QoS) in certain cells. In the worst case a significant degradation of the QoS may be observed and as a result the operator defined targets are not met. 

Nowadays UMTS operators have fixed, and usually uniform, settings for their network parameters. This static configuration is not able to adapt automatically to the changes that occur in the network. A fixed parameter setting then gives a non optimal solution for the network optimization process and thus the utilization of the radio interface is not maximized. The goal of the automated tuning is to adjust dynamically these parameters in a continuous way without human intervention, which is only required in definition of the reference QoS.

The current PFC aims at validating the feasibility of automated optimization of certain UMTS RRM parameters. The main tasks to be developed by the students are:

- Simulator developement (Matlab programmed). A basic static Montecarlo simulator is available as a reference.
- Study of UMTS handover algorithm and study of potential parameters to be automatically tuned.
- Proposal of algorithm to tune the previously selected parameters, and evaluation of achieved gains.
- Study of UMTS CAC algorithm and study of potential parameters to be automatically tuned. Development of first and basic ideas to propose tuning algorithm.
Frictional Differences between Rolling and Sliding Interfaces for Passenger Car Switching Roller Finger Followers (2018)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The demand for improving fuel economy in passenger cars is continuously increasing. Eliminating energy losses within the engine is one method of achieving fuel economy improvement. Frictional energy losses account for a noticeable portion of the overall efficiency of an engine. Valvetrain friction, specifically at the camshaft interface, is one area where potential for friction reduction is evident. Several factors can impact the friction at the camshaft interface. Some examples include: camshaft lobe profile, rocker arm interface geometry, valve spring properties, material properties, oil temperature, and oil pressure. This paper discusses the results of a series of tests that experimented the changes in friction that take place as these factors are altered. The impact of varying testing conditions such as oil pressure and oil temperature was evaluated throughout the duration of the testing and described herein. Test data quantifying the effect of utilizing friction reducing surface treatment methods, specifically diamond-like carbon, is also provided. However, the main focus of the study is on the frictional differences that take place at the camshaft interface for a switching roller finger follower equipped with a roller bearing vs. a switching roller finger follower equipped with a slider pad. An analysis was performed, using brake specific fuel consumption, in order to predict the approximate fuel economy benefit that would result from transitioning from a slider pad design to roller only design for a switching roller finger follower application. Test results suggest that making the switch from a slider-style switching roller finger follower to a roller-style switching roller finger follower has a noticeable improvement on the overall fuel consumption of an engine.</div></div>
Animal Feed Formulation : Economics and Computer Applications (1993)

Preface Economic analysis: Animal feeding Assumptions of least-cost analysis What to expect from applying linear programming Least-cost formulation: the basic linear-programming problem Adding proportions between nutrients Specifying ratios between nutrients Dealing with infeasible solutions Sensitivity analysis and choosing ingredients Parametric cost ranging Multiblending to determine in which feed a scarce ingredient should be used Optimum-density formulation Amino acid equivalent formulas Nutrient factoring Considering risk in feed formulation Strategies for dealing with the risk of ingredients with below-average compositions Formulating feeds for sheep: Sample sheep feed formulation problem Calculating formulation results on an as-is basis Formulating feeds for beef cattle: Formulating feeds for a desired level of gain Specifying the amount of forage in a feed Formulation based on expected gains from feed net-energy levels Maximizing profit and optimizing net energy How does feed cost affect probability and net-energy levels? Toward more comprehensive models Formulating feeds for dairy cattle: Maximum-production models for feed formulation Formulating diets to maximize profits Formulating feeds for swine: Do the producer's feeds meet National Research Council recommendations? Substitution of ingredients Parametric cost ranging of wheat Nutrient requirements and ingredient-formulation values Formulating feeds for turkeys Formulating feeds for broilers Formulating feeds for layers: Intake prediction Constraints and temperature dependence Additional considerations Formulating feeds for catfish Formulating feeds for horses Appendixes: General features of the UFFDA program Using UFFDA on a local area network Units in a mathematical programming problem Bibliography Index.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanorod hydroxyapatite from eggshells (2021)

Nanorod hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesised from eggshells by using a microwave-assisted technique. With eggshells and phosphoric acid as precursors, the reaction was carried out in a microwave with an irradiation power of 800 W for 45 minutes. The effects of Ca/P molar ratios and the power of microwaves were investigated. The obtained hydroxyapatite was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The nanorod-like HA samples were 20-40 nm in diameter and 130-180 nm in length.
An approximation for the inverse first passage time problem (2011)

We propose an approximation for the inverse first passage time problem. It is similar in spirit and method to the tangent approximation for the original first passage time problem. We provide evidence that the technique is quite accurate in many cases. We also identify some cases where the approximation performs poorly.
Stand-off analysis of moving targets using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2006)

This work investigates the capabilities of stand-off LIBS for the analysis of moving samples. The effects of sample speed, repetition rate and incidence angle of the laser beam on the sample have been studied. Stainless steel samples tilted from 0° to 45° at speeds up to 24 cm min−1 have been analyzed at a distance of 10 m from the instrument. The spectral intensity of the spectra observed is related to the amount of sample surface overlapped by successive laser shots, and this can be controlled both by changing the laser repetition rate and the sample speed. As a proof of concept, a semi-quantitative analysis of stainless steel samples has been carried out under simulated field conditions—10 m from the laser source, incidence-collection angle of 40° and sample speed of 24 cm min−1. Samples corresponding to five different stainless steel grades were sorted according to their content of Ni, Mo and Ti.
Large genomic fragment deletion and functional gene cassette knock-in via Cas9 protein mediated genome editing in one-cell rodent embryos (2015)

The CRISPR-Cas RNA-guided system has versatile uses in many organisms and allows modification of multiple target sites simultaneously. Generating novel genetically modified mouse and rat models is one valuable application of this system. Through the injection of Cas9 protein instead of mRNA into embryos, we observed fewer off-target effects of Cas9 and increased point mutation knock-in efficiency. Large genomic DNA fragment (up to 95 kb) deletion mice were generated for in vivo study of lncRNAs and gene clusters. Site-specific insertion of a 2.7 kb CreERT2 cassette into the mouse Nfatc1 locus allowed labeling and tracing of hair follicle stem cells. In addition, we combined the Cre-Loxp system with a gene-trap strategy to insert a GFP reporter in the reverse orientation into the rat Lgr5 locus, which was later inverted by Cre-mediated recombination, yielding a conditional knockout/reporter strategy suitable for mosaic mutation analysis.
Push notification as a business enhancement technique for e-commerce (2015)

Push notification can have a great impact on e-commerce. It makes business to attract more customers by tracking the interest area of the customers. The notification system can be implemented using different approaches. To improve delivery speed and provide full tracking of notifications, we have used the MQTT based mosquitto broker. In this paper, we have implemented push notifications using publish and subscribe facility provided by mosquitto i.e. MQTT based broker. Comparison based on experimental results for MQTT and HTTP has proved that MQTT is better than http for push notification.
PDX1: A unique pancreatic master regulator constantly changes its functions during embryonic development and progression of pancreatic cancer (2017)

Multifunctional activity of the PDX1 gene product is reviewed. The PDX1 protein is unique in that being expressed exclusively in the pancreas it exhibits various functional activities in this organ both during embryonic development and during induction and progression of pancreatic cancer. Hence, PDX1 belongs to the family of master regulators with multiple and often antagonistic functions.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Colon and Rectal Surgeon (2004)

A knowledge of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important in colon and rectal surgery. This article reviews our increasing knowledge of the virology of HIV and the occupational exposure risks of surgeons and their assistants. The current pharmacologic treatment of HIV is also reviewed.
Low-overhead software transactional memory with progress guarantees and strong semantics (2015)

Software transactional memory offers an appealing alternative to locks by improving programmability, reliability, and scalability. However, existing STMs are impractical because they add high instrumentation costs and often provide weak progress guarantees and/or semantics. This paper introduces a novel STM called LarkTM that provides three significant features. (1) Its instrumentation adds low overhead except when accesses actually conflict, enabling low single-thread overhead and scaling well on low-contention workloads. (2) It uses eager concurrency control mechanisms, yet naturally supports flexible conflict resolution, enabling strong progress guarantees. (3) It naturally provides strong atomicity semantics at low cost. LarkTM's design works well for low-contention workloads, but adds significant overhead under higher contention, so we design an adaptive version of LarkTM that uses alternative concurrency control for high-contention objects. An implementation and evaluation in a Java virtual machine show that the basic and adaptive versions of LarkTM not only provide low single-thread overhead, but their multithreaded performance compares favorably with existing high-performance STMs.
General Atmospheric Pollution—A Symposium (1948)

General Atmospheric Pollution—A Symposium Some Work in Pittsburgh Air Pollution Problems * Affiliation Sumner B. Ely CopyRight*Presented at a Joint Session of the Industrial Hygiene and Engineering Sections of the American Public Health Association at the Seventy-fifth Annual Meeting in Atlantic City, N. J., October 9, 1947. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.38.7.960 Published Online: August 29, 2011
ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION OF LACTATION IN EWES (1974)

SUMMARY Lactation was induced in non-pregnant, intact ewes. The injection of 60 mg progesterone plus 240 μg oestradiol benzoate every third day for 60 days increased udder size. Subsequent daily injection of 10 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate or 5 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 12·5 mg progesterone for 6 days led to further udder development and initiated secretion of fluid similar in appearance and composition to normal ovine milk. Both treatments were equally effective in initiating milk secretion and subsequent production (approximately 0·50 kg/day) was similar to that of ewes lactating after normal pregnancy [0·59 ± 0·06 ( s.e.m. ) kg/day]. Glands of ewes receiving no treatment other than milking after oestrogen and progesterone priming remained small in size and produced only trivial volumes of secretion when milked out daily for 14 days.
Review on Mosaicing Techniques in Image Processing (2013)

In image processing, mosaic images are images made by cementing together small tiles. The tiles "tessellate" a source image with the purpose of reproducing the original visual information rendered into a new mosaic-like style. Creation of mosaic images from a sequence of partial views is a powerful means of obtaining a larger view of a scene than available within a single view, and it has been used in wide range of applications. A general framework for retinal and document images is proposed in this paper. This paper also discusses a review on different applications of image mosaicing mainly in the area of retinal image mosaicing and document image mosaicing.
Peripheral Visual Acuity (1980)

Translated by 1Berlin, Germany 2Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, Tennessee The original paper was published in the Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie die Sinnesorgane, 7: 172-187, 1891. Received March 7, 1979; revision received March 19, 1980. *Optometrist, M.S., Member of Faculty, F.A.A.O. TRANSLATOR'S ADDRESS: Irving L. Dunsky Southern College of Optometry 1245 Madison Avenue Memphis, Tennessee 38104
Queue Management Strategies to Improve TCP Fairness in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (2006)

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on the IEEE 802.11 technology have become increasingly popular and ubiquitous. The 802.11 standard allows each station in a WLAN equal opportunity to access the wireless channel, which can result in unfair sharing of network bandwidth between upstream and downstream TCP flows at an AP. In this paper, we propose two different queue management techniques to alleviate the unfairness problem, with one based on Selective Packet Marking (SPM), and the other based on Least Attained Service (LAS) scheduling. We evaluate these proposed solutions using the ns-2 network simulator. The simulation results show that, compared to a conventional DropTail queue mechanism for NewReno TCP sources, the proposed solutions improve the fairness index by 20-40%, while achieving comparable aggregate throughput.
Textile Pressure Mapping Sensor for Emotional Touch Detection in Human-Robot Interaction (2017)

In this paper, we developed a fully textile sensing fabric for tactile touch sensing as the robot skin to detect human-robot interactions. The sensor covers a 20-by-20 cm 2 area with 400 sensitive points and samples at 50 Hz per point. We defined seven gestures which are inspired by the social and emotional interactions of typical people to people or pet scenarios. We conducted two groups of mutually blinded experiments, involving 29 participants in total. The data processing algorithm first reduces the spatial complexity to frame descriptors, and temporal features are calculated through basic statistical representations and wavelet analysis. Various classifiers are evaluated and the feature calculation algorithms are analyzed in details to determine each stage and segments' contribution. The best performing feature-classifier combination can recognize the gestures with a 93 . 3 % accuracy from a known group of participants, and 89 . 1 % from strangers.
Use of a microcolony technique combined with an indirect immunofluorescence test for the rapid detection of Listeria in raw meat (1991)

Journal Article Use of a microcolony technique combined with an indirect immunofluorescence test for the rapid detection of Listeria in raw meat Get access J.J. Sheridan, J.J. Sheridan National Food Centre, Dunsinea, Castleknock, Dublin 15, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isabel Walls, Isabel Walls National Food Centre, Dunsinea, Castleknock, Dublin 15, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. McLaughlin, J. McLaughlin *Division of Microbiological Reagents and Quality Control, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. McDowell, D. McDowell †University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Co Antrim, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Welch R. Welch †University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Co Antrim, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 13, Issue 3, 1 September 1991, Pages 140–144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00592.x Published: 01 September 1991 Article history Received: 29 May 1991 Accepted: 30 May 1991 Published: 01 September 1991