gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A broadband circularly polarized film (2003)

Abstract— A circularly polarized film (CPF) was prepared by photopolymerizing the mixture of reactive chiral molecules and reactive nematic liquid crystals (RNLCs). The reflected wavelength of the CPF depends on the ratio of the chiral molecules and nematic liquid crystals. Adding more chiral molecules brings a larger blue shift in the reflected wavelength. Stacks of various reflected wavelength CPFs resulted in a broadband reflection, covering the entire visible spectrum. The photopolymerization of high‐birefringence RNLCs and chiral molecules achieved a monolayer CPF with a wide reflected bandwidth (Δλ > 300 nm). Moreover, the combination of the CPF, quarter‐wavelength plate (QWP), and linear polarizer yielded a brightness gain of 46%.
Role of thyroid hormone in the expression of apolipoprotein A-IV and C-III genes in rat liver. (1993)

The genes coding for apolipoproteins A-I, C-III, and A-IV are closely linked to one another in the rat genome. Thyroid hormone stimulates apoA-I expression in rat liver by an unusual mechanism that enhances the maturation of mRNA. This hormone also increases apoA-IV mRNA abundance by a mechanism not yet studied, and its role in the expression of apoC-III has not been defined but may be of relevance to the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. We therefore measured the transcriptional activity of the apoA-IV and apoC-III genes and the abundance of their nuclear RNA and total cellular mRNA in livers of control rats and rats made hyper- and hypothyroid. After a single receptor-saturating dose of triiodothyronine (3 mg/100 g body weight), apoA-IV gene transcription increased at 20 min and reached a maximum of 260% of control at 6 h. Increases of transcription were reflected in increases of nuclear and total apoA-IV mRNA levels. ApoC-III gene transcription was temporarily increased to 160% at 2 h without changes in the abundance of its nuclear or total mRNA over 24 h. Lower hormone doses (20-500 micrograms/100 g body weight) stimulated apoA-IV mRNA transcription as well, but tended to reduce transcription from the apoC-III gene. Upon chronic administration of thyroid hormone, apoA-IV transcription decreased to 55% and nuclear apoA-IV RNA levels to 87% of control. However, total cellular apoA-IV mRNA levels increased to 279% of control, implying stabilization of mRNA in the cytoplasm. ApoC-III transcription decreased to 28% of control, but abundance of nuclear and total cellular apoC-III mRNA was reduced to a lesser extent. In hypothyroid rats, apoA-IV gene expression was decreased fourfold at the transcriptional level. In contrast, apoC-III gene transcription increased to 178% of control, but the abundance of nuclear and total cellular apoC-III mRNA did not differ from control rats. Thus, thyroid hormone affects the abundance of apoA-IV mRNA by changing its synthesis and its rate of degradation and enhances the efficiency of apoC-III mRNA maturation, thereby blunting the net effect of altered mRNA synthesis on mRNA abundance.
Gland Instance Segmentation by Deep Multichannel Neural Networks (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new image instance segmentation method that segments individual glands (instances) in colon histology images. This is a task called instance segmentation that has recently become increasingly important. The problem is challenging since not only do the glands need to be segmented from the complex background, they are also required to be individually identified. Here we leverage the idea of image-to-image prediction in recent deep learning by building a framework that automatically exploits and fuses complex multichannel information, regional, location and boundary patterns in gland histology images. Our proposed system, deep multichannel framework, alleviates heavy feature design due to the use of convolutional neural networks and is able to meet multifarious requirement by altering channels. Compared to methods reported in the 2015 MICCAI Gland Segmentation Challenge and other currently prevalent methods of instance segmentation, we observe state-of-the-art results based on a number of evaluation metrics.
Preparation of Fe-6.5%Si Sheet by Electrochemical Reduction (2005)

The characters of molten salt electrodeposition and the history of silicon electrodeposition at high temperature are discussed in this paper.Silicon is deposited on the cathode of Fe-3%Si sheet in FLNAK-Na 2SiF 6 molten salt system by controlling temperature and electric current density. Subsequently , the Fe-6.5%Si sheet is made from Fe-3%Si by annealing diffusion treatment at 1050℃. The technological parameters of silicon electrodeposition are discussed. It is pointed that the electrochemical reduction method is a new technique for preparing Fe-6.5wt%Si sheet.
Rate-intensity functions in the emu auditory nerve (2000)

Rate-versus-intensity functions recorded from mammalian auditory-nerve fibers have been shown to form a continuum of shapes, ranging from saturating to straight and correlating well with spontaneous rate and sensitivity. These variations are believed to be a consequence of the interaction between the sensitivity of the hair-cell afferent synapse and the nonlinear, compressive growth of the cochlear amplifier that enhances mechanical vibrations on the basilar membrane. Little is known, however, about the cochlear amplifier in other vertebrate species. Rate-intensity functions were recorded from auditory-nerve fibers in chicks of the emu, a member of the Ratites, a primitive group of flightless birds that have poorly differentiated short and tall hair cells. Recorded data were found to be well fitted by analytical functions which have previously been shown to represent well the shapes of rate-intensity functions in guinea pigs. At the fibers' most sensitive frequencies, rate-intensity functions were almost exclusively of the sloping (80.9%) or straight (18.6%) type. Flat-saturating functions, the most common type in the mammal, represented only about 0.5% of the total in the emu. Below the best frequency of each fiber, the rate-intensity functions tended more towards the flat-saturating type, as is the case in mammals; a similar but weaker trend was seen above best frequency in most fibers, with only a small proportion (18%) showing the reverse trend. The emu rate-intensity functions were accepted as supporting previous evidence for the existence of a cochlear amplifier in birds, the conclusion was drawn further that the nonlinearity observed is probably due to saturation of the hair-cell transduction mechanism.
Oversizing of self-expanding stents: influence on the development of neointimal hyperplasia of the carotid artery in a canine model. (2002)

Under experimental conditions, use of self-expanding stents oversized by 30-40% appeared to result in neointimal hyperplasia comparable to that caused by normal-sized stents. All three stent types appeared to have similarly low neointimal responses.
Telnet Echo Option (1983)

This Telnet Option enables remote echoing by the other Telnet module.
This RFC specifies a standard for the ARPA Internet community. Hosts
on the ARPA Internet are expected to adopt and implement this
standard. Obsoletes NIC 15390.
Pipelines Monitoring System Using Bio-Mimetic Robots (2009)

Recently there has been a growing interest in the field of bio-mimetic robots that resemble the behaviors of an insect or an aquatic animal, among many others. One of various bio-mimetic robot applications is to explore pipelines, spotting any troubled areas or malfunctions and reporting its data. Moreover, the robot is able to prepare for and react to any abnormal routes in the pipeline. Special types of mobile robots are necessary for the pipeline monitoring tasks. In order to move effectively along a pipeline, the robot-s movement will resemble that of insects or crawling animals. When situated in massive pipelines with complex routes, the robot places fixed sensors in several important spots in order to complete its monitoring. This monitoring task is to prevent a major system failure by preemptively recognizing any minor or partial malfunctions. Areas uncovered by fixed sensors are usually impossible to provide real-time observation and examination, and thus are dependent on periodical offline monitoring. This paper proposes a monitoring system that is able to monitor the entire area of pipelines–with and without fixed sensors–by using the bio-mimetic robot.
Smart Electronic Textiles (2016)

This Review describes the state-of-the-art of wearable electronics (smart textiles). The unique and promising advantages of smart electronic textiles are highlighted by comparing them with the conventional planar counterparts. The main kinds of smart electronic textiles based on different functionalities, namely the generation, storage, and utilization of electricity, are then discussed with an emphasis on the use of functional materials. The remaining challenges are summarized together with important new directions to provide some useful clues for the future development of smart electronic textiles.
Analog Design Issues for Mixed-Signal CMOS Integrated Circuits (2011)

Today, due to the continuous miniaturization of electronic components, a single integrated circuit (IC) contains many transistors and interconnections very close each other, and this causes an increased number of unwanted interactions. Crosstalk is one of the main difficulties to face. In a mixed-signal System-on-Chip (SoC), i.e., when analog and digital circuits are integrated on the same silicon chip, performance limitations come mainly from the analog section which interfaces the digital processing core with the external world. In such ICs, the digital switching activity may affect the analog section.
Study on the output characteristics of a large-core Yb-doped double clad fiber laser (2005)

The output characteristics of a large-core double clad fiber (DCF) laser are experimentally investigated in this paper. The fiber laser is fabricated with 5m Yb-doped DCF that consists of a 30μm diameter core and a 400/340μm D-shape inner clad. The measured spectra show that the wavelength of laser is not stable at low pump levels, and the wavelength tends to be stabilized at 1074nm until the pump power is increased to a level far over the threshold. The maximum output power of 7.2W is obtained at an input pump of 11W with a FWHM of about 6nm. The slope efficiency and the total conversion efficiency are 84% and 65.5%, respectively.
Pervasive Smart Spaces and Environments: A Service-Oriented Middleware Architecture for Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (2012)

In the twenty-first century, the impact of wireless and ubiquitous technologies is changing the way people perceive and interact with the physical world. These communication paradigms promise to change and redefine, in a reasonably short period of time, the most common way of our everyday living. The continuous advances in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks and their direct application in Smart Spaces are clear examples of it. However, in order for this kind of new generation infrastructures to have a large-scale dissemination, there are still some open issues to tackle. In this way, this paper presents nSOM, a service-oriented framework based on sensor network design that provides internetworking services with the Internet cloud. This lightweight middleware architecture implements an agent-based virtual sensor service approach which is a compact semantic knowledge management scheme based on a dynamic composition model.
Decentralized power control scheme in femtocell networks: A game theoretic approach (2009)

We propose a new distributed power control scheme for closed access femtocell networks. Since femto APs can be deployed unpredictably in a macro cell area, interference to macro users and interference between femto APs in down-link (DL) cause a severe problem. In this paper, we describe the system model using a noncooperative game model. We formulate a payoff function to provide fairness and to minimize interference. At the same time, we prove that this function can be appeared as a supermodular type. Our power control algorithm based on the game model can be applied to the decentralized environment. This novel power control algorithm leads transmission power to reach a steady state condition, i.e. Nash Equilibrium (NE). Through mathematical analysis and numerical results, we show that our proposed power control algorithm has several good characteristics.
Satellite Communications (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Space Geometry of Satellite System Configuration of Satellite Communication System Link Budget Method of Prediction
A fuzzy logic based decision support system for low-flow closed-loop anaesthesia (2002)

Low-flow closed loop anaesthesia is the controlled administration of the minimum amount of respiratory and anaesthetic gases required to anaesthetise the patient. At present, the control procedure is manual, with the anaesthetist visually assessing the volume of the reservoir bag and the inspiratory and expiratory gas concentrations. Considering this, the application of fuzzy logic to clinical anasethesia seems ideal. The design of such a system is in two stages. The first stage is of a single gas (oxygen) system, operating in an open decision support mode, based on the 'expert knowledge' of an anaesthetist. Once the design is clinically optimised, the feedback loop will be closed to provide the automatic control of oxygen only. The second stage of the project is the extension of the system to handle other anaesthetic gases. A graphical user interface, interlaced with a software-driven simulation of the controller, was designed to aid the clinical evaluation and to display the system components.
On the relationship between money and inflation in the United States: additional evidence (1996)

The causality between money and inflation is re-examined by applying Hsiao's version of the Granger causality method to US data for the period 1959–94. The Phillips-Perron unit roots tests are performed and the series of M 1 and M 2 become stationary after first differencing, while the series of CPI, PPI, GDP deflator, and M 3 become stationary after second differencing. It is revealed that money (measured in M 1 or M 2) does not cause inflation, yet if the M 3 measure of money is used, then it is found that money causes inflation.
Pengaruh Lama Pasteurisasi dan Amplitudo Terhadap Kadar Vitamin C dan Penurunan Jumlah Mikroorganisme Sari Buah Jeruk (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) pada Proses Pasteurisasi Non-termal Gelombang Ultrasonik (2015)

Nontermal pasteurization process using ultrasonic waves is one of the processes with ultrasonic waves of > 20 kHz into an orange juice. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of pasteurization time and amplitude of the levels of vitamin C and microbes as well as knowing the amplitude and pasteurization time best. The treatments used in this study consisted of a combination of two factors, the first factor is the pasteurization time at 10, 15, 20 minutes and the second factor is the amplitude at 22.8 and 68.4 μm. Parameters to be observed are vitamin C and the amount of microbial contamination. The results of this study showed that the greater the amplitude and pasteurization time, the levels of vitamin C and a number of microbial contamination decreased. Value greatest levels of vitamin C in this study occurred in the amplitude of 22.8 μm with pasteurization time 10 minutes is 7.231 mg/100ml and the smallest value of vitamin C occurred in the amplitude of 68.4 μm with pasteurization time 20 minutes is 3.453 mg/100ml. The value of the amount of microbial contamination is the largest study on the amplitude of 22.8 μm with pasteurization time 10 minutes is 2413.33 CFU/ml and the smallest microbial contamination value  occurred in the amplitude 68.4 μm with pasteurization time 20 minutes is 123, 33 CFU/ml. The best treatment of the pasteurization ultrasonic wave is amplitude 22,8 μm for 20 minutes to reduce bacteria by 76.133% or 0.62 log cycles and can retain the vitamin C content of 80,5%. Keywords: Amplitude, Orange , Pasteurization Time , Ultrasonic
Study of the valence transition in Eu-, Yb-, and Ca-substituted SmS under high pressure and some comments on other substitutions (1979)

The effect of Eu, Yb, and Ca substitution for Sm in SmS (${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{M}}_{x}^{2+}\mathrm{S}$), as well as the effect of pressure on these compounds have been investigated. The mixed compounds, which are semiconducting, show no anomaly in the lattice parameter indicative of a valence transition at ambient pressure, and high pressure is required to affect the valence change. This shows that a favorable size of the substituent alone is insufficient for promoting the valence change, and that the electronic structure of the substituent has to be right. Resistivity and volume studies under high pressure show that the pressure-induced transition is first order in ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Eu}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ and ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ for $x<0.3$, in ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Yb}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ for $x<0.60$ and continuous at higher concentrations. In Eu- and Yb-substituted SmS there are two $4f$ levels; one corresponding to the Sm $4{f}^{6}$ which lies closer to the $5d$ conduction band and the Eu $4{f}^{7}$, or the Yb $4{f}^{14}$ levels which are located deep in the energy gap. In the valence transition, only the Sm $4{f}^{6}$ level is delocalized. From the present as well as earlier results on substituted SmS, three generalizations are proposed, which seem to explain the behavior of rare-earth- and Th-substituted SmS, as well as $\mathrm{Sm}{\mathrm{S}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{As}}_{x}$ compounds. To account for the first-order and continuous transitions, the presence or absence of $S$ character in the conduction band is invoked.
The Preparation and Geometry of o,o'-Bridged Biphenyls Containing Sulfur or Selenium in the Bridge (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Geometry of o,o'-Bridged Biphenyls Containing Sulfur or Selenium in the BridgeWilliam E. Truce and D. D. EmrickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 6130–6137Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Red-Cell Lithium-Sodium Countertransport and Renal Lithium Clearance in Hypertension (1986)

Red-cell lithium-sodium countertransport is increased in patients with essential hypertension. It has been proposed that sodium-hydrogen ion exchange in the brush border of the renal proximal tubules is analogous to red-cell countertransport. To investigate the rate of sodium reabsorption by the proximal renal tubules in hypertension, we measured lithium clearance (a measure of proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium), as well as red-cell countertransport, in 14 patients with untreated essential hypertension and in 31 controls. As a group, the hypertensive patients had a higher average (+/- SEM) rate of red-cell countertransport (0.378 +/- 0.030 mmol of lithium per liter of cells per hour, P less than 0.01) and a lower renal fractional lithium clearance (13.96 +/- 0.69 percent, P less than 0.01) than normotensive subjects (0.317 +/- 0.015 mmol of lithium per liter of cells per hour and 17.75 +/- 0.81 percent, respectively). Within the normotensive group, subjects with hypertension in at least one first-degree relative had significantly lower fractional lithium clearances than subjects with no hypertensive relatives (15.37 +/- 0.84 percent vs. 19.06 +/- 1.07 percent, P less than 0.05). We conclude that hypertensive patients have heightened proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and that red-cell countertransport is a marker of the renal abnormality. Enhanced proximal tubular sodium reabsorption may precede the development of essential hypertension.
The antimicrobial activity of phenoxyethanol in vaccines (1994)

The activity of the antimicrobial preservatives, phenoxyethanol and thiomersal, were compared in diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (adsorbed) vaccine. Both chemicals were equally effective in inactivating challenge doses of Gram-negative and Gram-positive micro-organisms, as well as a yeast.
Curcumin-Pharmacological Actions and its Role in Dentistry (2014)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an ancient dye, flavouring and medical herb, widely used in Asian countries. It is a herb that has been widely used in Indian medicine, cookery, and cosmetics. The main component of turmeric is curcumin. Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of beneficial properties includes anti inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic activity etc. The activity of curcumin derived from its complex chemistry as well as its ability to influence the multiple signalling pathways. This review article is to highlight the pharmacological action and its therapeutic role in dentistry.
Dynamic simulation of a carbon dioxide transfer pipeline for analysis of normal operation and failure modes (2011)

Dynamical simulations have been performed for CO2 transfer through a fictive but realistic transport pipeline in order to evaluate the risk of phase transition during flow transients and pipe cooling. The simulation results provide a better understanding of transport phenomena during transport of CO2 from the capture point to the storage point of a carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. Two models were developed; one to describe pressure and flow dynamics within the transport pipeline and the other to simulate transient cooling and the generation and propagation of pressure waves in the pipeline. Together these models were used to determine pressure and flow fluctuations during transient pipe cooling as well as during operation modes of load change, start-up, shut-down, and compressor trip. Pipe cooling was found to result in the slow formation of two-phase flow. Quick shut-down and load change led to the occurrence of two phase flow which was restricted to the vertical section of pipeline (injection pipe) by controlling the flow through the final control valve. Quick shut-down created pressure oscillations in the pipe with a maximum amplitude of 3 bar. During start-up mode it took 12 days to completely fill the pipeline, 6 days of which involved flow in the two-phase region. Compressor trip showed no sign of crossing the phase boundary.
Anwendungsbereich: Wohnumwelt und Bewohnerverhalten (1986)

Sie haben nun einige psychologische Modelle zur Mensch-Umwelt-Interaktion kennengelernt und auch einige Konzepte aus anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen. Mit den Übungsaufgaben wurde z.T. bereits die praktische Relevanz solcher Ansätze verdeutlicht. Da es in dieser Einführung aber darum geht, nicht nur Theorien zu vermitteln, sondern auch Bezüge zum Alltag deutlich zu machen, soll dieses nachfolgend an einem Themenbereich versucht werden, der für alle von Bedeutung ist.