gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress-aware performance evaluation of 3D-stacked wide I/O DRAMs (2017)

3D-stacked wide I/O DRAM can significantly increase cell density and bandwidth while also lowering power consumption. However, 3D structures experience significant thermomechanical stress, which impacts circuit performance. This paper develops a procedure that performs a full performance analysis of 3D DRAMs, including latency, leakage power, refresh power, and area, while incorporating the effects of both layout-aware stress and layout-independent stress. The approach first proposes an analytic stress analysis method for the entire 3D DRAM structure, capturing the stress induced by TSVs, micro bumps, package bumps and warpage. Next, this stress is translated to variations in device mobility and threshold voltage, after which analytical models for latency, leakage power, and refresh power are derived. Finally, a complete analysis of performance variations is performed for various 3D DRAM layout configurations to assess the impact of layout-dependent stress.
Purification and Characterization of Amyloplasts from Etiolated Epicotyls of <italic>Pisum sativum</italic><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref> (1983)

Etiolated epicotyls of Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska contain two distinct classes of amyloplasts: 1) small, unigranular amyloplasts (UGA) found primarily in the cortex; and 2) larger, multigranular amyloplasts (MGA) found exclusively in the starch sheath surrounding the central vascular cylinder. Only the MGA are displaced in a 1 × g field and are thus presumably involved in gravity perception. To help understand the graviperception mechanism, we have purified and partly characterized these statolithic amyloplasts. Brief mechanical homogenization followed by filtration and centrifugation at 120 × g for 3 min yields an enriched amyloplast fraction (ca. 2 : 1 ratio of MGA's : UGA's). Further purification by isopycnic centrifugation in step gradients of the iodinated compound urografin separated free starch grains (density = 1.44 g/ml) from intact amyloplasts (density = 1.41–1.43 g/ml). Partial resolution of MGA's and UGA's has been achieved with this system. Gradient purified amyloplasts are substantially free of contamination from other organellar fractions, as determined by marker enzyme distribution. Isolated amyloplasts have been judged intact by three criteria: 1) light microscopy; 2) osmotic sensitivity; and 3) the presence of a N, N′-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide-insensitive Mg++-dependent ATPase apparently associated with the amyloplast envelope. The gradient-purified amyloplasts contain significant amounts of DNA and RNA.
Synthesis and characterization of Mg–Co catalytic oxide materials forlow-temperature N2O decomposition (1997)

Binary metal Mg–Co oxide materials have been synthesized from Mg–Co hydroxide precursors by a coprecipitation-then-calcination method. The oxide system shows high catalytic activity for low-temperature decomposition of N 2 O (27 mol%). Using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EA, DSC, BET and GC techniques, the hydrothermal synthesis and chemistry of the double-metal hydroxides have been studied in detail. In anion exchange and XRD studies, a hydrotalcite-like phase is also found to be present in the hydroxides owing to a partial oxidation of Co 2+ to Co 3+ in air. The precursor subjected to hydrothermal treatment has a higher Mg content, higher crystallinity and is more stable compared to the one aged at room temperature. However, they all give amorphous Mg–Co oxides after calcination. The Mg–Co oxide prepared from the hydrothermally treated precursor has a higher surface area and is more active for N 2 O decomposition. With this material system, ca. 6 moles of N 2 O per kg of the precursor materials can be decomposed at 350 °C within 1 h.
Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers (2016)

Abstract Over the past two decades, remarkable advances in medical imaging have allowed physicians to obtain anatomic, functional, metabolic, and physiologic measurements from medical images, the so‐called quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs), to aid in the prognosis, diagnosis, and management of disease. There are four basic types of QIBs: prognostic, predictive, early response, and therapeutic response. Before using a QIB in clinical practice, its technical performance must be well documented. This article describes estimation of the technical performance of QIBs, particularly bias, repeatability, and linearity. The utility of QIBs in clinical care management and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials is addressed.
Immunization with Recombinant V10 Protects Cynomolgus Macaques from Lethal Pneumonic Plague (2008)

Vaccine and therapeutic strategies that prevent infections with Yersinia pestis have been sought for over a century. Immunization with live attenuated (nonpigmented) strains and immunization with subunit vaccines containing recombinant low-calcium-response V antigen (rLcrV) and recombinant F1 (rF1) antigens are considered effective in animal models. Current antiplague subunit vaccines in development for utilization in humans contain both antigens, either as equal concentrations of the two components (rF1 plus rLcrV) or as a fusion protein (rF1-rLcrV). Here, we show that immunization with either purified rLcrV (a protein at the tip of type III needles) or a variant of this protein, recombinant V10 (rV10) (lacking amino acid residues 271 to 300), alone or in combination with rF1, prevented pneumonic lesions and disease pathogenesis. In addition, passive immunization studies showed that specific antibodies of macaques immunized with rLcrV, rV10, or rF1, either alone or in combination, conferred protection against bubonic plague challenge in mice. Finally, we found that when we compared the reactivities of anti-rLcrV and anti-rV10 immune sera from cynomolgus macaques, BALB/c mice, and brown Norway rats with LcrV-derived peptides, rV10, but not rLcrV immune sera, lacked antibodies recognizing linear LcrV oligopeptides.
Insulin metabolism in depancreatized dogs during hemorrhagic shock. (1973)

This study was done to determine why the plasma insulin remained elevated during shock. Mongrel female dogs (12-15 kg) were depancreatized and maintained on a constant intraportal infusion of porcine insulin while they were bled to reduce and maintain the mean arterial blood pressure at 50 mm Hg for 165 min. Blood samples were taken for glucose and plasma insulin at 15 min intervals. The data show that there was a progressive rise of plasma insulin during the course of hemorrhagic shock. This occurred despite a constant infusion of insulin, the sole source of insulin available to these depancreatized dogs. Since removal of plasma insulin is largely due to insulin utilization, our findings imply that the rise of plasma insulin in hemorrhagic shock is caused by decreased utilization.
TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM (1970)

ABSTRACT By means of neutron activation analysis, the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese, sodium and potassium were studied in endometrial biopsy specimens taken from six apparently healthy, normally menstruating volunteers. Quadruplicate endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from each of the subjects during four consecutive cycles in the following phases: a) early proliferative (days 6–10), b) late proliferative (days 11–14), c) early secretory (days 15–18) and d) late secretory (days 22–27). An analysis of variance of the data revealed that the human endometrium in the early proliferative phase is characterized by significantly elevated concentrations of manganese ( P < 0.001), sodium ( P < 0.01) and potassium ( P < 0.001). On the other hand, the late secretory endometrium is characterized by a highly significant rise in its zinc concentration ( P < 0.001), accompanied by a highly significantly decreased concentration of sodium ( P < 0.001) and potassium ( P < 0.001). The copper concentration of the secretory endometria was significantly higher than that of the proliferative endometria ( P < 0.001). The significance of the findings was the same, whether values were expressed per g protein, or per g wet tissue. It is suggested that the high concentrations of zinc and copper associated with low levels of manganese, sodium and potassium at the expected time of implantation may be a reflection of changes in endometrial enzyme activities.
On-site testing of special transformers (2012)

The increased usage of the phase shifting transformers in various fields within power systems has introduced new challenges in performing on-site maintenance testing. These special transformers were used as converter transformers, rectifier transformers, harmonic mitigating transformers, zigzag transformers and quadrature boosters with unconventional vector groups, having an additional phase shift such as +/-7.50, +/-150 combined with normal `Delta and Star' configurations. The challenges now faced by the increased use of these transformers are testing them for accuracy on the voltage ratio and phase shift at site during commissioning and maintenance. Different test methods were performed / studied and were compared. A prototype of a three-phase converter transformer with variable ratio taps and vector groups was constructed and tested. The prototype transformer is constructed to have variable parameters for test trials on different vector groups and ratios. The three phase converter transformer prototype will have options to regulate the output voltage on varying input voltage using the tap changer and also can vary the phase shift by varying the vector group combinations. On-site testing of ratio and phase shift will be done on different types of traction rectifier transformers. The approach for factory testing and onsite testing of the special transformers will be different. The effect on the phase shift values when the ratio taps are changed will be the focus and the results compared. The study on the importance of phase shift on these special transformers is presented. The test results of different test methods using modern portable test equipment and conventional classical methods were compared and presented. The results of the ratio testing and the phase shift measurement variation during vector group variation and tap change were presented. (6 pages)
Epstein–Barr virus infection as a complication of transplantation of a nerve allograft from a living related donor (2007)

Reconstruction of extensive nerve defects is hampered by the amount of autogenous nerve tissue available for transplantation and by donor site morbidity. Nerve allografts, being of foreign origin and potentially unlimited in supply, provide a solution to these problems. Studies have shown that nerve allotransplants require immunosuppression only until end-organ connections are made and that immunosuppressant therapy may be subsequently discontinued with no negative effect on functional outcome. Also, recent experimental and clinical focus has been on shorter periods of immunosuppression in order to reduce risk, even stopping immunosuppression after regeneration has reached the distal suture line rather than before recovery of end-organ connections. In the pediatric population, the increased disease burden and increased potential for nerve regeneration as well as the frequent availability of a living related donor make allografts all the more attractive as solutions to nerve reconstructive problems. Nevertheless, the risks of immunosuppression must not be underemphasized, and they deserve more attention in the current nerve transplantation literature. The authors report on a child who, at the age of 1 year, received a nerve allograft from a living related donor who was positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The child quickly developed a symptomatic EBV infection concurrent with immunosuppressant drug therapy. The immunosuppression regimen was stopped prematurely, and the patient suffered only a short illness, but the EBV infection could have developed into a life-threatening posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The patient is consequently predisposed to develop PTLD and will have to be monitored for the rest of his life. This case highlights the importance of considering the potentially fatal risks associated with this elective procedure. Future studies are needed to quantify and minimize this complication. Nevertheless, it should be weighed against the potential functional benefit from using nerve allografts.
Effect of reduced pulp xylan content on wet end chemistry and paper properties — a pilot scale study (2014)

In this scale-up study, we examined the effects of using varying amounts of fibers with reduced xylan content in paper. Bleached birch kraft pulp was partially or fully replaced by alkali-extracted pulp, and the effects of this replacement on the wet end chemistry of the paper machine and the resulting paper properties were determined. Our results show that paper properties can be maintained or improved when optimizing the partial replacement of bleached birch kraft pulp with alkali-extracted pulp. The incorporation of alkali-extracted pulp in paper machine stock had a positive effect on first pass retention and retention of chemicals. However, careful optimization of chemical dosages is required because of the altered charge balance in the wet end.
Interactions between the Molybdenum Cofactor and Iron-Sulfur Clusters of Escherichia coli Dimethylsulfoxide Reductase (1999)

We have used site-directed mutagenesis to study the interactions between the molybdo-bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) cofactor (Mo-bisMGD) and the other prosthetic groups of Escherichia coli Me2SO reductase (DmsABC). In redox-poised preparations, there is a significant spin-spin interaction between the reduced Em,7 = -120 mV [4Fe-4S] cluster of DmsB and the Mo(V) of the Mo-bisMGD of DmsA. This interaction is significantly modified in a DmsA-C38S mutant that contains a [3Fe-4S] cluster in DmsA, suggesting that the [3Fe-4S] cluster is in close juxtaposition to the vector connecting the Mo(V) and the Em,7 = -120 mV cluster of DmsB. In a DmsA-R77S mutant, the interaction is eliminated, indicating the importance of this residue in defining the interaction pathway. In ferricyanide-oxidized glycerol-inhibited DmsAC38SBC, there is no detectable interaction between the oxidized [3Fe-4S] cluster and the Mo-bisMGD, except for a minor broadening of the Mo(V) spectrum. In a double mutant, DmsAS176ABC102SC, which contains an engineered [3Fe-4S] cluster in DmsB, no significant paramagnetic interaction is detected between the oxidized [3Fe-4S] cluster and the Mo(V). These results have important implications for (i) understanding the magnetic interactions between the Mo(V) and other paramagnetic centers and (ii) delineating the electron transfer pathway from the [4Fe-4S] clusters of DmsB to the Mo-bisMGD of DmsA.
Was braucht man für einen humanoiden Roboter? (2012)

Roboter haben die industrielle Produktion revolutioniert. Jetzt wollen Wissenschaftler am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) humanoide Maschinen bauen, die den Menschen auch im Alltag unterstützen. Professor Rüdiger Dillmann, Professor Georg Bretthauer und Professor Alexander Waibel erklären, was für dieses hochkomplexe Projekt nötig ist, und blicken in die Zukunft des Forschungsgebiets.
Redundant Disk Arrays in Transaction Processing Systems (1994)

We address various issues dealing with the use of disk arrays in transaction processing environments. We look at the problem of transaction undo recovery and propose a scheme for using the redundancy in disk arrays to support undo recovery. The scheme uses twin page storage for the parity information in the array. It speeds up transaction processing by eliminating the need for undo logging for most transactions. The use of redundant arrays of distributed disks to provide recovery from disasters as well as temporary site failures and disk crashes is also studied. We investigate the problem of assigning the sites of a distributed storage system to redundant arrays in such a way that a cost of maintaining the redundant parity information is minimized. Heuristic algorithms for solving the site partitioning problem are proposed and their performance is evaluated using simulation. We also develop a heuristic for which an upper bound on the deviation from the optimal solution can be established.
PROVIDES: A Complete Veterinary Medical Information System. (1988)

The desirable attributes of a computer-based diagnostic aid are proposed. These include ease of use, ready accessibility, sound reasoning, completeness, the ability to justify its recommendations, and a system for updating. These principles are illustrated by examples from the authors' diagnostic system (PROVIDES).PROVIDES is a computer-aided diagnosis and medical information system designed for in-office use on a wide variety of microcomputers using the MS-DOS or PC-DOS operating systems. It is organized by the clinical problems frequently encountered in practice. Relevant historical, physical, and routine laboratory findings are collected through a series of menus. These findings are used to generate a ranked differential diagnostic list. Up-to-date information on diagnostic tests, recommended treatments, and expected outcomes is available for each suggested disease.
Sky‐Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode with 37% External Quantum Efficiency Using Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Spiroacridine‐Triazine Hybrid (2016)

Extremely efficient sky-blue organic electroluminescence with external quantum efficiency of ≈37% is achieved in a conventional planar device structure, using a highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based on the spiroacridine-triazine hybrid and simultaneously possessing nearly unitary (100%) photoluminescence quantum yield, excellent thermal stability, and strongly horizontally oriented emitting dipoles (with a horizontal dipole ratio of 83%).
Avoiding Shoulder Injury From Resistance Training (2001)

Durall, Chris J. MS, PT, SCS, ATC, CSCS; Manske, Robert C. MPT, CSCS; Davies, George J. MEd, PT, SCS, ATC, CSCS Author Information
Development and Testing of a Two-Stage Air Drying System for Spacecraft Cabin CO2 Removal Systems (2014)

Tucson, Arizona
Determination of Sequence-Specific Intrinsic Size Parameters from Cross Sections for 162 Tripeptides (2005)

Ion mobility and mass spectrometry techniques have been used to measure cross sections for 162 tripeptide sequences (27 different sets of six sequence isomers). The isomers have the general forms ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA, where A corresponds to the amino acids Asp, Glu, or Gly, B corresponds to Lys, Arg, or Leu, and C corresponds to Phe, Tyr, or Ser. From these data, we derive a set of size parameters for individual amino acids that reflect the position of the amino acid in the sequence. These sequence-specific intrinsic size parameters (SSISPs) are used to retrodict cross-section values for the 162 measured sequences and to predict cross sections for all remaining tripeptide sequences (567 different sequences) that are comprised of these residues. In several types of peptide compositions, the position of the amino acid in the sequence has a significant impact on the parameter that is derived. For example, the sequence-specific intrinsic size parameter for leucine in the third position of a peptide (SSISP(Leu3)) is approximately 10% larger than SSISP(Leu1). On average, cross sections that are derived using SSISPs provide a better representation of the experimental value than those derived from composition only intrinsic size parameters, derived as described previously (Valentine et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1999, 103, 1203). Finally, molecular modeling techniques are used to derive some insight into the origin of cross-section differences that arise from sequence variation.
L’immunité contre les leishmanies (2001)

Les leishmanies sont essentiellement connues en tant qu’outils indispensables pour comprendre le fonctionnement du système immunitaire. C’est par l’étude de souris infectées par des leishmanies qu’une partie des mécanismes qui gouvernent la différenciation des lymphocytes T CD4<sup>+<sup/> naïfs en cellules de type Th1 productrices d’interféron γ ou en cellules de type Th2 productrices d’interleukines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) a été élucidée. Cela a aussi permis de préciser les cinétiques d’activation, de différenciation et d’expansion des lymphocytes auxiliaires au cours d’une réponse immunitaire physiologique. Les travaux en cours devraient permettre d’identifier les molécules intervenant dans les phénomènes de coopération entre les nombreux types cellulaires qui participent à la réponse immunitaire et d’identifier de nouveaux gènes impliqués.
PORCA: Modeling and Planning for Autonomous Driving Among Many Pedestrians (2018)

This letter presents a planning system for autonomous driving among many pedestrians. A key ingredient of our approach is Pedestrian Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance, a pedestrian motion prediction model that accounts for both a pedestrian's global navigation intention and local interactions with the vehicle and other pedestrians. Unfortunately, the autonomous vehicle does not know the pedestrians' intentions a priori and requires a planning algorithm that hedges against the uncertainty in pedestrian intentions. Our planning system combines a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process algorithm with the pedestrian motion model and runs in real time. Experiments show that it enables a robot scooter to drive safely, efficiently, and smoothly in a crowd with a density of nearly one person per square meter.
Epigenetic Integrity of Orthodox Seeds Stored under Conventional and Cryogenic Conditions (2021)

The level of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in DNA has been observed to change in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Little information has been reported on alterations in DNA methylation in orthodox tree seeds in response to storage conditions. In the current study, epigenetic integrity was analyzed in seeds of Pyrus communis L. in response to conventional and cryogenic storage. The results indicate that conventional storage under optimal conditions resulted in a significant increase in m5C. In contrast, a decrease in m5C level after cryostorage at high water content (WC) was observed, not only in seeds but also in 3-month-old seedlings which were smaller than seedlings obtained from seeds cryostored at optimal WC. This shows that non-optimal cryostorage conditions increase epigenetic instability in seeds and seedlings. Optimal procedures for germplasm conservation are very important for germplasm banking since they have serious implications for the quality of stored collections. Maintaining epigenetic integrity during WC adjustment and optimal storage is a characteristic feature of orthodox seeds. The current results underline the importance of proper protocols and techniques for conventional storage and particularly cryopreservation as a method for conservation of true-to-type germplasm for long periods.