gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defective transport as a mechanism of acquired resistance to methotrexate in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (1992)

Although the mechanisms of resistance to methotrexate (MTX) are known in experimental tumors made resistant to this drug, little information is available regarding acquired resistance to MTX in patients. A competitive displacement assay using the fluorescent lysine analogue of MTX, N-(4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl)-N epsilon-(4′-fluorescein- thiocarbamyl)-L-lysine (PT430), was developed as a sensitive method of detection of transport resistance to MTX in cell lines, as well as in blast cells from patients with leukemia. Rapid uptake of PT430 at high concentrations (20 mumol/L) in leukemic blasts resulted in achievement of steady-state levels within 2 hours. Subsequent incubation with the folate antagonists, MTX and trimetrexate (TMTX), which differ in the mode of carrier transport, produced characteristic patterns of PT430 displacement. Flow cytometric analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity in the human CCRF-CEM T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line and its MTX-resistant subline clearly identified the presence of transport deficiency in the resistant subline. Analysis of blasts from 17 patients with leukemia, nine with no prior chemotherapy and eight previously treated with chemotherapy, found evidence of MTX transport resistance in two of the four patients who were treated with MTX and considered to be clinically resistant to the drug. The finding that blast cells of some patients with leukemia considered clinically resistant to MTX is due to decreased MTX transport has important implications for clinical use of this drug and for new drug development.
Investigating the concept of potential quality (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the concept of “potential quality” – that is, a company's tangible search qualities (such as the physical servicescape and virtual servicescape) – within the context of the real‐estate industry in the USA. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study collects data by conducting personal in‐depth interviews with 34 respondents who had been recent buyers or renters of property. The data are then coded and themed to identify quality dimensions relevant to this industry. Findings The results indicate that a buyer's perception of the overall service quality of real‐estate service consists of two components: the interaction with a realtor (process quality); and the virtual servicescape, especially the firm's website design and content (potential quality). The study concludes that existing scales (such as SERVQUAL and RESERV) fail to capture the tangible component of service quality sufficiently in the real‐estate industry. Research limitations/implications The study uses data from only one industry (real estate) and from only one demographic segment (professionals in higher education). Practical implications Service providers of intangible, high‐contact services must appreciate the importance of the virtual servicescape as a surrogate quality indicator that can help to reduce information asymmetries and consumers' uncertainty with regard to initiating a business relationship. Real estate firms need to pay attention to the training of agents and the design and content of their e‐service systems. Originality/value This study integrates potential quality, process quality, and outcome quality in a comprehensive proposed model. In particular, the study identifies “potential quality” as a combination of the attributes of the virtual service environment and the physical service environment.
Algorithm for creating ( <i>M</i> −1) selfsynchronising <i>M</i> -ary variable length codes (1991)

The presented algorithm can create (M−1) different M-ary variable length codes. Each of the constructed (M−1) codes has the selfsynchronising property so that the decoder can always reach resynchronisation within two codewords when an error occurs during transmission. The comparison of the various (M−1) codes is also briefly discussed in terms of the encoder/decoder complexity as well as the resynchronising efficiency.
Extrusion of Alternative Ingredients: An Environmental and a Nutritional Solution (1996)

Dry extrusion has been proposed as a means of processing a number of waste by-products of the poultry industry. Traditional means of disposing materials such as hatchery waste, spent hens, and farm mortality are in many areas economically or environmentally unacceptable. In several studies, dry extrusion was found to be an effective means of processing waste materials into high quality feed ingredients. Not only are resulting meals high in nutritive value, but they have been found to be microbiologically safe for inclusion in poultry feeds.
Dirty Harry’s San Francisco (2012)

This article argues that Dirty Harry (Siegel, 1971) is first and foremost a San Francisco film, a perspective that has been ignored by current literature. The article merges a close reading of the film’s narrative, iconography, and semiotics with an analysis of the film’s representation and refraction of San Francisco’s history, politics, culture, and popular image. It exposes the extent of the film’s conservative credentials, placing particular emphasis on Dirty Harry’s critique of liberal politics, which blamed liberal law and order policies for the urban crisis which faced both the fictional and the real city. Through a reading of major figures in the film and their relationship to San Francisco, the article reveals how Dirty Harry became a commentary on wider debates about crime and the counterculture in American cities. It concludes that Dirty Harry rendered San Francisco an important symbol for the debates between liberals and conservatives over the legacy and meaning of the nation’s recent past. It suggests that in doing so, the film itself also became an active player in these very debates.
Dicer in Mammary Tumor Stem Cell Maintenance (2007)

Abstract : RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing pathway with roles in mRNA stability, translational control, chromatin organization and genome regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small RNAs produced by the RNAi machinery that play important functions in tissue organization and maintenance of cell identity. Several miRNAs have been shown to collaborate with oncogenes in the progression of cancer, and in addition, miRNA expression profiling has revealed widespread miRNA misregulation in cancer. To address the role of miRNAs in the onset and maintenance of breast cancer, we have created embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice in which Dicer, a key enzyme in miRNA biogenesis, can be conditionally inactivated. Using these systems we have demonstrated that Dicer is required for the continued proliferation of ES cells, and that there is indeed a loss of all miRNAs and RNAi-related functions in Dicer null cells. We are using a transplantation model to test the requirement of Dicer for the proliferation of mammary stem cells, and in addition we are cloning small RNAs from mammary stem cells in order to determine the regulatory niches that miRNAs may fill in this cell type. Our ultimate goal is to assess the role of Dicer in mammary tumor stem cell maintenance.
Extended-range glucose biosensor via layer-by-layer assembly incorporating gold nanoparticles (2005)

We report on a glucose oxidase (GOx)/polyelectrolyte (PE)/gold nanoparticle (AuNP) multilayer films that can be utilized as efficient glucose biosensors by layer-by-layer self-assembly method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and UV-visible spectroscopy were adopted to monitor the regular growth of the multilayer films. The role of gold nanoparticles integrated in the multilayer films not only increase the amount and activity of GOx, but also significantly improve the electron-transfer characteristics of the films. The performance of the multilayer films for sensing glucose could be tailored by controlling the gold nanoparticles loading in the film and the number of layers. A biosensor constructed by four poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA)/AuNP/PDDA/GOx multilayer films exhibited a wide linear calibration range from 0 to 60.0 mM with the detection limit of 3.0 microM for the detection of glucose. The dynamic range can be extended up to 120 mM. The biosensor has good stability and reproducibility.
The Sca2 Autotransporter Protein from <i>Rickettsia conorii</i> Is Sufficient To Mediate Adherence to and Invasion of Cultured Mammalian Cells (2009)

Obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Rickettsia must adhere to and invade the host endothelium in order to establish an infection. These processes require the interaction of rickettsial surface proteins with mammalian host cell receptors. A previous bioinformatic analysis of sequenced rickettsial species identified a family of at least 17 predicted "surface cell antigen" (sca) genes whose products resemble autotransporter proteins. Two members of this family, rOmpA and rOmpB of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae have been identified as adhesion and invasion factors, respectively; however, little is known about the putative functions of the other sca gene products. An intact sca2 gene is found in the majority of pathogenic SFG rickettsiae and, due to its sequence conservation among these species, we predict that Sca2 may play an important function at the rickettsial surface. Here we have shown that sca2 is transcribed and expressed in Rickettsia conorii and have used a heterologous gain-of-function assay in E. coli to determine the putative role of Sca2. Using this system, we have demonstrated that expression of Sca2 at the outer membrane of nonadherent, noninvasive E. coli is sufficient to mediate adherence to and invasion of a panel of mammalian cells, including endothelial cells. Furthermore, soluble Sca2 protein is capable of diminishing R. conorii invasion of cultured mammalian cells. This is the first evidence that Sca2 participates in the interaction between SFG rickettsiae and host cells and suggests that in addition to other surface proteins, Sca2 may play a critical role in rickettsial pathogenesis.
A Family of High Power Density Unregulated Bus Converters (2005)

This paper begins by reviewing current bus converters and exploring their limitations. Next, a family of inductor-less bus converters is proposed to overcome the limitations. In the new bus converters, magnetizing current is used to achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on for all switches. The resonant concept is used to achieve nearly zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn-off for the primary switches and no body diode loss for the synchronous rectifiers (SRs). Meanwhile, the self-driven method can be easily applied to save drive loss of SRs. Based on these concepts, a full-bridge bus converter is built in the quarter-brick size to verify the analysis. The experimental results indicate that it can achieve 95.5% efficiency at 500-W, 12-V/45-A output. Compared with industry products, this topology can dramatically increase the power density. These concepts are also applied to nonisolated dc/dc converters. As an example, a resonant Buck converter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.
Primary structure of rat liver 5'-nucleotidase deduced from the cDNA. Presence of the COOH-terminal hydrophobic domain for possible post-translational modification by glycophospholipid. (1990)

Rat liver 5'-nucleotidase was purified from a crude microsomal fraction, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 73 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified protein was subjected to cleavage with CNBr or lysyl endopeptidase, and the resulting 21 peptides as well as the NH2 terminus of the native protein were sequenced by Edman degradation. For further information on the molecular structure, we constructed a lambda gt11 liver cDNA library and isolated two cDNA clones for 5'-nucleotidase, lambda cNTP6 and lambda cNT34. The 3.2-kilobase cDNA insert of lambda cNTP6 contains an open reading frame that encodes a 576-residue polypeptide with a calculated size of 63,965 Da, which is in reasonable agreement with that of 5'-nucleotidase (62 kDa) immunoprecipitated from cell-free translation products. The NH2-terminal 28 residues comprise a signal peptide, which is followed by the NH2-terminal sequence of the purified protein. The predicted structure contains all the other peptide sequences determined by Edman degradation. Five potential N-linked glycosylation sites are found in the molecule, accounting for the difference in mass between the precursor and mature forms. Another characteristic feature is that the primary structure contains a highly hydrophobic amino acid sequence at the COOH terminus, a possible signal for the post-translational modification by glycophospholipid. In fact, labeling experiments of rat hepatocytes demonstrated that 3H-labeled compounds such as ethanolamine, myo-inositol, and palmitic acid, components of the glycolipid anchor, were incorporated into 5'-nucleotidase. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C released 5'-nucleotidase from the cell surface, and the released protein no longer contained the radioactivity of [3H]palmitic acid incorporated.
A data model and data structures for moving objects databases (2000)

We consider spatio-temporal databases supporting spatial objects with continuously changing position and extent, termed moving objects databases . We formally define a data model for such databases that includes complex evolving spatial structures such as line networks or multi-component regions with holes. The data model is given as a collection of data types and operations which can be plugged as attribute types into any DBMS data model (e.g. relational, or object-oriented) to obtain a complete model and query language. A particular novel concept is the sliced representation which represents a temporal development as a set of units , where unit types for spatial and other data types represent certain “simple” functions of time. We also show how the model can be mapped into concrete physical data structures in a DBMS environment.
Silica‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles Catalyzed One‐Pot, Tandem Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization Reaction for Nitrogen‐Containing Polyheterocyclic Compounds (2010)

Abstract A silica‐supported gold nanoparticle catalyst AuNPs/SiO 2 ( A ) has been prepared by deposition of in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the surface of silica. A simple method that uses A as the catalyst and oxygen as the oxidant is effective for oxidative cyclization of anilines with aldehydes to form quinolines in a one‐pot reaction (20 examples; product yields up to 95 %). The “AuNPs/SiO 2 +O 2 ” protocol is applicable to the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing polyheterocyclic compounds in good to excellent product yields by using bulky polycyclic anilines as the starting materials (10 examples; product yields up to 96 %). The A catalyst can be easily recovered by centrifugation and reused for seven consecutive runs without significant loss of catalytic activity.
High Flow TPO Compounds Containing Branched EPDM Modifiers (1998)

Abstract Polymer blends of ethylene-propylene elastomers and polypropylene plastics, referred to as thermoplastic olefins, are finding increasing use in automotive applications. The combination of attractive mechanical properties, low raw material cost and recyclability make these materials ideal substitutes for expensive engineering thermoplastics (polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate alloys) and nonrecyclable polyurethane systems. The primary application is in automotive bumper fascia. This paper describes the addition of long chain branched ethylene-propylene elastomers in thermoplastic olefin compounds containing a high flow polypropylene resin matrix. In such compounds, the modifier molecular architecture plays an important role in impact toughening. The results clearly indicate that linear modifiers such as traditional ethylene-propylene copolymers are ineffective in impact toughening, while long chain branched polymers provide enhanced impact resistance with a ductile failure mode in high flow polypropylenes.
Development of deep learning-based facial expression recognition system (2015)

Deep learning is considered to be a breakthrough in the field of computer vision, since most of the world records of the recognition tasks are being broken. In this paper, we try to apply such deep learning techniques to recognizing facial expressions that represent human emotions. The procedure of our facial expression recognition system is as follows: First, face is detected from input image using Haar-like features. Second, the deep network is used for recognizing facial expression using detected faces. In this step, two different deep networks can be used such as deep neural network and convolutional neural network. Consequently, we compared experimentally two types of deep networks, and the convolutional neural network had better performance than deep neural network.
Numerical Simulation on Transient Electrophoretic Motion of a Circular Particle in a T-Shaped Slit Microchannel (2003)

This paper considers the electrophoretic motion of a circular particle in a T-shaped slit microchannel, where the size of the channel is close to that of the particle. During the process, the electric field (i.e., the gradient of the electric potential) changes with the particle motion, which in return influences the flow field and the particle motion. Therefore, the electric field, the flow field and the particle motion are coupled together, and this is an unsteady process. The objective is to obtain a fundamental understanding of the characteristics of the particle motion in the complicated T-shaped junction region. Such influences on the electric field and the particle motion are investigated as the applied electric potentials, the geometry of the channel and the size of the particle. In the theoretical analysis, the liquid phase is divided into the inner region and the outer region. The inner region consists of the electrical double layers and the outer region consists of the remainder of the liquid. Under the assumption of thin electrical double layer, a mathematical model governing the inner region, the outer region and the particle motion is developed. A direct numerical simulation method using the finite element method is employed. In this method, a continuous hydrodynamic model is adopted. By this model, both the liquid phase in the outer region and the particle phase are governed by the same momentum equations. ALE method is used to track the surface of the particle at each time step. The numerical results show that the electric field is influenced by the applied electric potentials, the geometry of the channel and the particle suspension, and that the particle motion is mainly dominated by the local electric field. It is also found that the magnitude of the particle motion is dependent on its own size in the same channel.
Feature Selection for Classification of Hyperspectral Data by SVM (2010)

Support vector machines (SVM) are attractive for the classification of remotely sensed data with some claims that the method is insensitive to the dimensionality of the data and, therefore, does not require a dimensionality-reduction analysis in preprocessing. Here, a series of classification analyses with two hyperspectral sensor data sets reveals that the accuracy of a classification by an SVM does vary as a function of the number of features used. Critically, it is shown that the accuracy of a classification may decline significantly (at 0.05 level of statistical significance) with the addition of features, particularly if a small training sample is used. This highlights a dependence of the accuracy of classification by an SVM on the dimensionality of the data and, therefore, the potential value of undertaking a feature-selection analysis prior to classification. Additionally, it is demonstrated that, even when a large training sample is available, feature selection may still be useful. For example, the accuracy derived from the use of a small number of features may be noninferior (at 0.05 level of significance) to that derived from the use of a larger feature set providing potential advantages in relation to issues such as data storage and computational processing costs. Feature selection may, therefore, be a valuable analysis to include in preprocessing operations for classification by an SVM.
Latest development of the TERPROM&#x00AE; Digital Terrain System (DTS) (2008)

Developed specifically for tactical military aircraft operations TERPROM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> is the world leading digital terrain system, offering a range of capabilities that can provide both safety and tactical benefits to the aircraft.
All-CMOS temperature independent current reference (1996)

An All-CMOS temperature independent current reference circuit was designed by eliminating the mobility dependence term through the combination of a current source which is proportional to mobility and one which is inversely proportional to mobility by using a CMOS square root circuit. The test chip fabricated using a 2 µm n-well CMOS process showed a 1.7% variation in the average for the temperature range 0 to 75°C.
Relaxin-like factor (RLF) serum concentrations and gubernaculum RLF receptor display in relation to pre- and neonatal development of rats (2001)

Deletion of the relaxin-like factor (RLF) gene in mice causes retention of testicles and infertility. The development of a synthetic RLF has made it possible to investigate the events that connect the genomic event and the basic biological responses that cause gonadal positioning. Anti-RLF antibodies were raised against synthetic RLF, allowing determination of RLF concentrations during the critical period, testing for RLF receptors on the gubernaculum and exploration of the temporal relationship between receptor display and migration of the testes in developing rats. In male rat pups, serum RLF concentrations were high at day 2 before parturition (2.4 ng ml(-1)) and decreased sharply just before parturition. Thereafter, males and females had the same low serum concentrations until RLF concen-trations began to increase in males only, starting at day 10 after parturition and continuing until adult RLF concentrations (0.6 ng ml(-1)) were reached on day 39 after parturition. The testicles are descending into the scrotum during this phase of increasing RLF concentrations and are descended fully by day 19-21 after parturition, before adult hormone concentrations are established. The high prenatal serum RLF concentration coincides with high expression of RLF receptors in the gubernaculum tissue. Competitive binding of RLF per mg of membrane protein prepared from rat gubernacula at various developmental stages showed no increase in receptor density as sexual maturity was reached. Gubernaculum cells in primary culture showed an increased uptake of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in the presence of RLF compared with controls. These studies demonstrate that the synthetic RLF is biologically active and indicate that the cryptorchid phenotype INSL3(-/-) is a direct consequence of defective gubernaculum growth, caused by the absence of RLF during early phases of development.