gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Injury in Texas High School Basketball (1999)

Recent publications have reported differences in the incidence, rate, risk, and type of sports injury among men and women. We undertook a prospective study to determine the incidence of injury among high school basketball players and to examine the differences in injury type, incidence, rate, and risk between male and female athletes. During a single basketball season, an injury survey of girls' varsity teams at 100 class 4A and 5A high schools in Texas was conducted. These data were previously reported. We surveyed the same 100 high schools during a subsequent season to gather injury data from the boys' varsity teams. The athletic trainer collected data on each reportable injury and reported the data weekly to the University Interscholastic League. A reportable injury was defined as one that occurred during a practice or a game, resulted in missed practice or game time, required physician consultation, or involved the head or the face. The boys' and girls' data were compared and statistically analyzed. The rate of injury was 0.56 among the boys and 0.49 among the girls. The risk of injury per hour of exposure was not significantly different between the two groups. In both groups, the most common injuries were sprains, and the most commonly injured area was the ankle, followed by the knee. Female athletes had a significantly higher rate of knee injuries including a 3.79 times greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. For both sexes, the risk of injury during a game was significantly higher than during practice.
Game-like environments for nuclear engineering education using GECK (2010)

Computer games have an enormous potential to grab the undivided attention of kids ranging from 13 to 23 years of age. This paper explores a new game engine called Garden of Eden Creation Kit (GECK) to enhance teaching and content retention of some concepts in nuclear reactor engineering. Game engine technology commonly used to develop computer and video games can be used to model and simulate 3-D interactive educational games with the help of custom-made packages and/or using well-known programming language. Specifically, some of the built-in features of the game engine are exploited to boost interactivity. The developed game reported here is aimed at providing supplemental teaching at the freshman level. With this technology, students can “play” and learn some basic concepts in nuclear reactor engineering through these specifically developed interactive and 3-D graphical models and scenarios.
Biomass Techniques for Monitoring and Assessing Control of Aquatic Vegetation (1993)

ABSTRACT Biomass quantification techniques are widely used in research on aquatic vegetation, but less often applied to monitor aquatic vegetation or assess specific control techniques. The application of these techniques to both assessing nuisance problems, and evaluating control tactics is discussed using case histories. The proper methods for developing a sampling regime, locating sample points, collecting samples, and analyzing data are reviewed. Critical factors such as quadrat size and sample frequency and number are discussed in depth. The purpose of biomass sampling programs within the context of management plans is to tailor the level of effort to the scale of the management effort, and to appropriately assess or predict effects of the management tactics utilized.
Ultrastable Perovskite–Zeolite Composite Enabled by Encapsulation and In Situ Passivation (2020)

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have been widely applied in optoelectronic fields, but their poor stability hinders their actual applications. A perovskite–zeolite composite was synthesized via in situ growth in air from aluminophosphate AlPO‐5 zeolite crystals and perovskite nanocrystals. The zeolite matrix provides quantum confinement for perovskite nanocrystals, achieving efficient green emission, and it passivates the defects of perovskite by H‐bonding interaction, which leads to a longer lifetime compared to bulk perovskite film. Furthermore, the AlPO‐5 zeolite also acts as a protection shield and enables ultrahigh stability of perovskite nanocrystals under 150 °C heat stress, under a 15‐month long‐term ambient exposure, and even in water for more than 2 weeks, respectively. The strategy of in situ passivation and encapsulation for the perovskite@AlPO‐5 composite was amenable to a range of perovskites, from MA‐ to Cs‐based perovskites. Benefiting from high stability and photoluminescence performance, the composite exhibits great potential to be virtually applied in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and backlight displays.
Extensible digital-signal-processing modules for real-time control and simulation (2002)

This paper describes the design of autonomous hardware digital-signal-processing modules which can be connected together to share the computational burden for real-time control and simulation applications. As many modules as needed can be added in the extensible architecture. Each module has 2 basically autonomous processing units (PUs), each of which has its own processor, clock, local RAM, EPROM, control and interface circuits. The PUs communicate with one another through global memories, I/O ports, and interrupts. A prototype of 3 modules has been built. For a computationally demanding test, the modules have been programmed to simulate a simple network of 2 turbo-generators (including excitation system, power system stabilizer and governor control) swinging with respect to a load and an infinite bus and with respect to each other. The results demonstrate that the proposed modules will be useful building blocks of real-time digital controllers and digital simulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A scheduling technique for real-time systems with end-to-end timing constraints (2002)

This paper presents a scheduling technique for guaranteeing end-to-end timing constraints. Applications are structured as a set of tasks which are the sequence of actions to produce an output. Task is decomposed into subtasks and shares subtasks with other tasks. According to the proposed scheduling technique, for each instance of a task, the sequence of subtasks is determined off-line and then called by the task sequentially at runtime. This technique avoids unnecessary execution of shared tasks and satisfies precedence constraints between subtasks even in overload situations.
An efficient implementation architecture for layered communication systems (2002)

This paper proposes and analyses an efficient implementation architecture well suited to layered communication systems. High throughput is achieved by the design of specific layer interfaces and data structures, specialized mechanisms of memory management, timer management and task scheduling. Performance measurements were accomplished considering a complete OSI protocol stack. The obtained results show a throughput efficiency that attains 6 Mbit/s for a MAC layer user and 2.5 Mbit/s for a presentation layer user in a remote communication. 43 Mbit/s throughput for the MAC layer user is achieved in a loopback configuration. The most important bottlenecks are analysed and consist of the transport checksum, acknowledgment step frequency, data copy, memory management and task scheduling.
Expanding radiation quarantine treatments beyond fruit flies (2000)

Abstract 1 The potential of ionizing radiation as a disinfestation treatment for insects other than tephritid fruit flies is discussed. Radiation quarantine treatments are unique in that insects are not killed immediately but rendered sterile or incapable of completing development. 2 The most tolerant insect stage to radiation is that which is most developed. Female insects, but not always mites, are sterilized with equal or lower doses than males. 3 Insects irradiated with sterilizing doses usually have shorter longevities than non‐irradiated ones. Low oxygen conditions often increase tolerance to radiation. 4 Insects in diapause are not more tolerant of radiation than non‐diapausing ones. 5 Some pests of several groups, such as aphids, whiteflies, weevils, scarab beetles, and fruit flies, may be controlled with doses ≤ 100 Gy. Some lepidopterous pests and most mites require about 300 Gy. Stored product moths may require as much as 1 kGy to sterilize, and nematodes could need > 4 kGy. 6 Even though application of irradiation to pallet‐loads of produce could mean that up to three times the minimum required dose is applied to the perimeter of the pallet, many fresh commodities tolerate doses required for quarantine security against many quarantined pests. Irradiation is arguably the most widely applicable quarantine treatment from the standpoint of commodity quality.
Modeled abductive inference for event management and correlation (1998)

This thesis describes a number of novel techniques for performing efficient event correlation in computer networks. We develop a new object-oriented event modeling methodology which is algorithm independent, and generalizes or is superior to the modeling capabilities of competing systems. We prove this assertion through the elegant modeling of a number of real world problems, simulation of the models of competing systems using our methodology, and a case study providing a quantitative analysis of the benefits of our methodology. We provide a probabilistically correct correlation algorithm which also generalizes or improves on the correlation component of competing systems. In addition, our algorithms improve correlation efficiency by pruning redundant information from the event model and preprocessing to further reduce correlation-time processing. These features are unique to our system. We demonstrate performance results which are conservatively measured to be greater than an order of magnitude better than those of competing systems.
Effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality in broilers (2002)

The results of rearing trial showed that L-carntine didn^t affected the growth performance (P>0.05). L-carnitine supplemented more than 50mg/kg increased the percentage of breast, decreased the percentage of abodominal fat and the subcutaneous fat score (P<0.05) by slaughter trial. In addition, it was found that Hunter-a value of meat color was improved in all L-carnitine treated groups (P<0.05), the content of inosinic acid and ester extract of muscle were enhanced in 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg L-carnitine treated groups (P<0.05), and the cotnent of myoglobin of muscle was increased in the 50 mg/kg group (P<0.05).
Manipulation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Knockout Mouse Production (2009)

The establishment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines has allowed for the gene?ration of the knockout mouse. ES cells that are genetically altered in culture can then be manipulated to derive a whole mouse containing the desired mutation. To successfully generate a knockout mouse, however, the ES cells must be carefully cultivated in a pluripotent state throughout the gene-targeting experiment. This unit describes detailed step-by-step protocols, reagents, equipment, and strategies needed for the successful generation of gene knockout embryonic stem cells using homologous recombination technologies.
The Annual and Diurnal Heat-Exchange Cycles in Upper Layers of Soil (1963)

Micrometeorologists have long recognized the role of the heat-storage capacity of the soil in such problems as the occurrence of frost and dew, forecasting of maximum and minimum temperatures, partition of solar energy between the soil and atmosphere, etc. Meteorologists are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of thermal properties of the soil on larger-scale processes such as the modification of air masses, formation of tornadoes, development of weather systems, and the general circulation. The heat energy stored per unit area by the soil can be calculated if the temperature and heat capacity of the soil as functions of time and depth are known. In this investigation, the daily and annual cycles of soil temperature have been calculated from the soil temperature data collected by the Meteorology Group at the Argonne National Laboratory. Since data on soil moisture were not available, it was necessary to estimate the heat capacity of the soil from several spot measurements of the heat-capacity profiles and the rainfall record.
Soluble Dendron-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes:  Preparation, Characterization, and Properties<sup>,</sup> (2001)

Lipophilic and hydrophilic dendra which are terminated with long alkyl chains and oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) moieties, respectively, were synthesized, and these dendron species were used to functionalize single-wall (SWNT) and multiple-wall (MWNT) carbon nanotubes via amidation and esterification reactions. The functionalized carbon nanotube samples are, depending on the functionalities, soluble in common organic solvents, such as hexane and chloroform, and water to form colored homogeneous solutions. Characterizations using NMR, electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopic techniques show that the homogeneous solutions contain carbon nanotubes. A preliminary understanding of the structural features and properties of these soluble dendron-functionalized SWNTs and MWNTs is discussed in terms of results from the characterizations, the defunctionalization reactions, and the trapping of metal nanoparticles by the functionalized nanotubes in solution.
Recovery Of Metals From Electronic Waste By Physical And Chemical Recycling Processes (2016)

The main purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of various physical and chemical processes for electronic waste (e-waste) recycling, their advantages and shortfalls towards achieving a cleaner process of waste utilization, with especial attention towards extraction of metallic values. Current status and future perspectives of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) recycling are described. E-waste characterization, dismantling/ disassembly methods, liberation and classification processes, composition determination techniques are covered. Manual selective dismantling and metal-nonmetal liberation at – 150 µm at two step crushing are found to be the best. After size reduction, mainly physical separation/concentration processes employing gravity, electrostatic, magnetic separators, froth floatation etc., which are commonly used in mineral processing, have been critically reviewed here for separation of metals and non-metals, along with useful utilizations of the non-metallic materials. The recovery of metals from e-waste material after physical separation through pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical or biohydrometallurgical routes is also discussed along with purification and refining and some suitable flowsheets are also given. It seems that hydrometallurgical route will be a key player in the base and precious metals recoveries from e-waste. E-waste recycling will be a very important sector in the near future from economic and environmental perspectives.
Field probe for measuring both amplitude and phase of antenna radiation patterns (1980)

Small probe antennas are often used for measuring the amplitude and phase of antenna radiation patterns. Phase measurements are complicated by the need for an accurate r.f. phase reference to be conveyed to or from the mobile probe. The letter describes a scheme for simplifying such measurements by the use of a probe unit which backscatters incident energy after subjecting it to a single sideband frequency translation. The scheme has application to both compact ranges and to the measurement of profile errors in reflector antennas by phase measurements within the aperture plane.
A Smart Gateway Architecture for Improving Efficiency of Home Network Applications (2016)

A smart home gateway plays an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) system that takes responsibility for the connection between the network layer and the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) layer. Even though the home network application is developing rapidly, researches on the home gateway based open development architecture are less. This makes it difficult to extend the home network to support new applications, share service, and interoperate with other home network systems. An integrated access gateway (IAGW) is proposed in this paper which upward connects with the operator machine-to-machine platform (M2M P/F). In this home network scheme, the gateway provides standard interfaces for supporting various applications in home environments, ranging from on-site configuration to node and service access. In addition, communication management ability is also provided by M2M P/F. A testbed of a simple home network application system that includes the IAGW prototype is created to test its user interaction capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed gateway provides significant flexibility for users to configure and deploy a home automation network; it can be applied to other monitoring areas and simultaneously supports a multi-ubiquitous sensor network.
Exploring entities in text with descriptive non-photorealistic rendering (2013)

We present a novel approach to text visualization called descriptive non-photorealistic rendering which exploits the inherent spatial and abstract dimensions in text documents to integrate 3D non-photorealistic rendering with information visualization. The visualization encodes text data onto 3D models, emphasizing the relative significance of words in the text and the physical, real-world relationships between those words. Analytic exploration is supported through a collection of interactive widgets and direct multitouch interaction with the 3D models. We applied our method to analyze a collection of vehicle complaint reports from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and through a qualitative study, we demonstrate how our system can support tasks such as comparing the reliability of different models, finding interesting facts, and revealing possible causal relations between car parts.
Solid state phase change materials for thermal energy storage in passive solar heated buildings (1983)

A set of solid state phase change materials was evaluated for possible use in passive solar thermal energy storage systems. The most promising materials are organic solid solutions of pentaerythritol, pentaglycerine and neopentyl glycol. Solid solution mixtures of these compounds can be tailored so that they exhibit solid-to-solid phase transformations at any desired temperature within the range from less than 25 deg to 188 deg. Thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, density and volumetric expansion were measured. Computer simulations were used to predict the performance of various Trombe wall designs incorporating solid state phase change materials. Optimum performance was found to be sensitive to the choice of phase change temperatures and to the thermal conductivity of the phase change material. A molecular mechanism of the solid state phase transition is proposed and supported by infrared spectroscopic evidence.
Direct Carbamoylation of Aryl Halides (2002)

[reaction: see text] A carbamoylsilane is shown to carry out the direct carbamoylation of aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides under catalysis by phosphinepalladium(0) complexes.
빈도색인어에 따른 체육사 연구의 동향 분석 (2014)

본 연구의 목적은 학문으로서의 체육사학의 연구경향을 파악하고 이를 통해 체육사학의 지식체계를 탐색하는데 있다. 이를 위해 1996년에서 2013년 12월까지 발행되었던 연구논문 전체인 373건을 대상으로 모든 연구물의 초록을 수집하였으며 수집된 자료는 디지털화 작업을 거쳐 텍스트로 변환하였다. 텍스트로 변환된 초록으로부터 빈도색인어를 추출하였으며 이를 색인어 군집에 따라 시계열적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과를 연구목적별, 연구방법별, 빈도색인어별로 제시하였으며 연구의 경향을 살펴본 결과 상대적으로 연구의 다양성에서는 크게 성장하였으나 그 연구방법의 다양성에는 한계를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 연구초창기에는 학사연구 등 거시적인 관점과 서양사에 대한 빈도색인어가 많이 추출되었던 반면 최근에는 한국사나 인물, 종목 등 미시적인 관점에서의 연구가 이루어졌으며 연구의 영역과 관련된 새로운 용어의 등장을 확인하였다. 연구결과를 토대로 현재 체육사 연구의 특징과 함께 향후 발전방향이 논의되었다.
Proliferative response of mouse submardibular gland to androgen but not to thyroid hormone. (1987)

The hormone-induced proliferation of cells in the submandibular gland of mice was investigated, by using the uptake of 5-(125I) iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) by the whole submandibular gland as an index. Injections of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (4μg/g body weight/day, for 3 days) to castrated female mice induced a significant increase in the 125IUdR uptake, but 3-day injections of 17β-estradiol (4μg/g body weight) did not. Autoradiography showed that the 125IUdR uptake was attributable to the proliferation of convoluted tubule cells of the submandibular gland, In spite of the inability to increase the 125IUdR uptake, injections of L-thyroxine increased the activity of esteroprotease, an enzyme which is used as a differentiation marker of the convoluted tubule cells, The present result suggests that hormones which induce differentiation of cells in the mouse submandibular gland do not necessarily induce the proliferation.
The influence of Cu precipitation on electromigration failure in Al-Cu-Si (1992)

This paper reports a study of the effect of Cu precipitation on electromigration failure in Al-2Cu-1Si thin-film conducting lines. The films were 0.5 μm in thickness, and patterned to widths of 1.3 and 4 μm, providing width-to-grain-size ratios (W/G) of approximately 0.5 and 2. The lines were aged for various times at 226 °C, and were then tested to failure at a current density of 2.5×106 A/cm2. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the Cu precipitate distribution, its evolution during aging and electromigration, and the microstructural failure mechanism. Aging produces a dense distribution of intragranular θ′ (Al2Cu; coherent), with stable θ (Al2Cu; incoherent) in the grain boundaries. The θ′ is replaced by θ as aging proceeds. In the wide lines (W/G≊2), the mean time to failure (MTF) increases slowly and monotonically with prior aging time. The failure happens through the growth and coalescence of intergranular voids. In the narrow lines (W/G≊0.5), both the MTF and the time to first failure increase by more than an order of magnitude when the line is aged for 24 h prior to testing, then decrease on further aging. The dominant failure mode is the ‘‘slit’’ failure mode previously observed in pure Al. However, the 24 h specimens fail by gradual, uniform thinning. Failure occurs in regions that have been swept free of intragranular precipitates. The failure time appears to be proportional to the intragranular density of θ precipitates, and related to the time required to sweep these from a critical length of line.
A Single-Chip CMOS Transceiver for UHF Mobile RFID Reader (2008)

This paper describes a single-antenna low-power single-chip radio frequency identification (RFID) reader for mobile phone applications. The reader integrates an RF transceiver, data converters, a digital baseband modem, an MPU, memory, and host interfaces. The direct conversion RF receiver architecture with the highly linear RF front-end circuit and DC offset cancellation circuit is used to give good immunity to the large transmitter leakage. It is suitable for a mobile phone reader with single-antenna architecture and low-power reader solution. The transmitter is implemented in the direct I/Q up-conversion architecture. The frequency synthesizer based on a fractional-N phase-locked-loop topology offering 900 MHz quadrature LO signals is also integrated with the RF transceiver. The reader is fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS technology, and its die size is 4.5 mm times 5.3 mm including electrostatic discharge I/O pads. The reader consumes a total current of 89 mA apart from the external power amplifier with 1.8 V supply voltage. It achieves an 8 dBm P1dB, an 18.5 dBm IIP3, and a maximum transmitter output power of 4 dBm.