gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of low-proof alcohol utilization to supplement diesel fuel on engines life expectancy: Caterpillar 3306 PCI. Final report (1983)

A 500-hour durability test was conducted to evaluate the effects of using 160-proof ethanol to supplement diesel fuel in a 187-HP Caterpillar, diesel engine. The ethanol was sprayed into the intake manifold of the engine at a rate equal to 25% (vol.) of the total fuel flow. Performance testing for power and emissions and pre- and post-inspections of critical components of the engine confirmed that no significant changes occurred to the engine due to the alcohol fueling. It was concluded that alcohol fumigation, done under the conditions of this test, does not result in serious wear or durability penalties.
Porting Gravitational Wave Signal Extraction to Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) (2009)

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a planned NASA-ESA mission to be launched around 2012. The Gravitational Wave detection is fundamentally the determination of frequency, source parameters, and waveform amplitude derived in a specific order from the interferometric time-series of the rotating LISA spacecrafts. The LISA Science Team has developed a Mock LISA Data Challenge intended to promote the testing of complicated nested search algorithms to detect the 100-1 millihertz frequency signals at amplitudes of 10E-21. However, it has become clear that, sequential search of the parameters is very time consuming and ultra-sensitive; hence, a new strategy has been developed. Parallelization of existing sequential search algorithms of Gravitational Wave signal identification consists of decomposing sequential search loops, beginning with outermost loops and working inward. In this process, the main challenge is to detect interdependencies among loops and partitioning the loops so as to preserve concurrency. Existing parallel programs are based upon either shared memory or distributed memory paradigms. In PVM, master and node programs are used to execute parallelization and process spawning. The PVM can handle process management and process addressing schemes using a virtual machine configuration. The task scheduling and the messaging and signaling can be implemented efficiently for the LISA Gravitational Wave search process using a master and 6 nodes. This approach is accomplished using a server that is available at NASA Ames Research Center, and has been dedicated to the LISA Data Challenge Competition. Historically, gravitational wave and source identification parameters have taken around 7 days in this dedicated single thread Linux based server. Using PVM approach, the parameter extraction problem can be reduced to within a day. The low frequency computation and a proxy signal-to-noise ratio are calculated in separate nodes that are controlled by the master using message and vector of data passing. The message passing among nodes follows a pattern of synchronous and asynchronous send-and-receive protocols. The communication model and the message buffers are allocated dynamically to address rapid search of gravitational wave source information in the Mock LISA data sets.
Determination of Gallic Acid Added to Fats and Oils (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Gallic Acid Added to Fats and OilsK F. Mattil and L J. Filer, Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 7, 427–429Publication Date (Print):July 21, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 21 July 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560131a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i560131a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Evolutionary Aspects of a Genetic Network: Studying the Lactose/Galactose Regulon of Kluyveromyces lactis (2011)

The budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has diverged from the Saccharomyces lineage before the whole-genome duplication and its genome sequence reveals lower redundancy of many genes. Moreover, it shows lower preference for fermentative carbon metabolism and a broader substrate spectrum making it a particularly rewarding system for comparative and evolutionary studies of carbon-regulated genetic networks. The lactose/galactose regulon of K. lactis, which is regulated by the prototypic transcription activator Gal4 exemplifies important aspects of network evolution when compared with the model GAL regulon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Differences in physiology relate to different subcellular compartmentation of regulatory components and, importantly, to quantitative differences in protein-protein interactions rather than major differences in network architecture. Here, we introduce genetic and biochemical tools to study K. lactis in general and the lactose/galactose regulon in particular. We present methods to quantify relevant protein-protein interactions in that network and to visualize such differences in simple plate assays allowing for genetic approaches in further studies.
HIV Model Parameter Estimates from Interruption Trial Data including Drug Efficacy and Reservoir Dynamics (2012)

Mathematical models based on ordinary differential equations (ODE) have had significant impact on understanding HIV disease dynamics and optimizing patient treatment. A model that characterizes the essential disease dynamics can be used for prediction only if the model parameters are identifiable from clinical data. Most previous parameter identification studies for HIV have used sparsely sampled data from the decay phase following the introduction of therapy. In this paper, model parameters are identified from frequently sampled viral-load data taken from ten patients enrolled in the previously published AutoVac HAART interruption study, providing between 69 and 114 viral load measurements from 3-5 phases of viral decay and rebound for each patient. This dataset is considerably larger than those used in previously published parameter estimation studies. Furthermore, the measurements come from two separate experimental conditions, which allows for the direct estimation of drug efficacy and reservoir contribution rates, two parameters that cannot be identified from decay-phase data alone. A Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo method is used to estimate the model parameter values, with initial estimates obtained using nonlinear least-squares methods. The posterior distributions of the parameter estimates are reported and compared for all patients.
Semen characteristics and libido in boars treated repeatedly with PGF2α1 (2004)

The objective was to determine the effects of repeated injections of PGF2alpha (Lutalyse; Pfizer) on semen and libido characteristics in terminal-line boars. Semen was collected once weekly from wk 0 to 15 and on four consecutive days during wk 16. Boars received an i.m. injection of 10 mg of PGF2alpha (n = 11) or 2 mL of vehicle (n = 11) immediately before entering the collection room. For the weekly collections, semen volume (220.3 +/- 3.2 mL; mean +/- SE), gel weight (38.7 +/- 0.7 g), total sperm cells (65.4 +/- 1.2 billion), motile sperm cells (67.4 +/- 0.6 %), and sperm velocity (125.9 +/- 1.2 microm/s), were affected by time (P < 0.01) but not by treatment (P > 0.10). Sperm concentration (0.31 +/- 0.01 billion/mL) was not affected (P > 0.10) by time or treatment. The percentage of morphologically normal sperm cells, assessed at wk 16, did not differ (P = 0.39) between groups (80.8 +/- 1.0). Libido was evaluated from wk 0 to 16. There were no effects of treatment or time (P > 0.10) on the period from injection to the start of ejaculation (225.6 +/- 9.1 s). Duration of ejaculation was affected by treatment (P < 0.01; 472.0 +/- 43.1 s and 280.4 +/- 43.1 s, for PGF2alpha-treated and control boars, respectively) and time (P < 0.01). During the intensive collection period (wk 16), semen volume (200.1 +/- 7.1 mL), gel weight (39.2 +/- 1.5 g), sperm concentration (0.19 +/- 0.01 billion/ mL), total sperm cells (39.5 +/- 3.6 billion), motile sperm cells (65.6 +/- 2.2%), and sperm velocity (117.8 +/- 3.7 microm/ s) were affected by time (P < 0.10) but not by treatment (P > 0.10). The period from injection to the start of ejaculation tended to decrease (by 44%) during the intensive collection period in PGF2alpha-treated boars, but not in controls (treatment x time, P = 0.07). Regardless, the period from injection to the start of ejaculation did not differ (P = 0.63) between groups on d 4 of the intensive collection period. Duration of ejaculation was affected by treatment (P < 0.01; 459.1 +/- 24.1 s for PGF22alpha-treated boars vs. 303.1 +/- 24.1 s for controls) but not by time (P > 0.10). Overall, there were no exceptional positive or negative effects of long-term treatment with PGF2alpha on semen characteristics and libido in boars.
Dual inhibition of SNARE complex formation by tomosyn ensures controlled neurotransmitter release (2008)

Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals is regulated by soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex-mediated synaptic vesicle fusion. Tomosyn inhibits SNARE complex formation and neurotransmitter release by sequestering syntaxin-1 through its C-terminal vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-like domain (VLD). However, in tomosyn-deficient mice, the SNARE complex formation is unexpectedly decreased. In this study, we demonstrate that the N-terminal WD-40 repeat domain of tomosyn catalyzes the oligomerization of the SNARE complex. Microinjection of the tomosyn N-terminal WD-40 repeat domain into neurons prevented stimulated acetylcholine release. Thus, tomosyn inhibits neurotransmitter release by catalyzing oligomerization of the SNARE complex through the N-terminal WD-40 repeat domain in addition to the inhibitory activity of the C-terminal VLD.
Structural studies of binuclear suiphido-bridged complexes of tungsten. Preparation and X-ray crystal structures of [S<sub>2</sub>W(µ-S)<sub>2</sub>W(NNMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] and [{W(SBu<sup>t</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(PMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)}<sub>2</sub>(µ-S)<sub>2</sub>]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (1983)

The reaction of [NBun4]2[WS4] with [WCl(NNMe2)2(PPh3)2]Cl yields the asymmetric binuclear complex [S2W(µ-S)2W(NNMe2)2(PPh3)](1). Complex (1) crystallizes in space group Cc, with a= 15.389(2), b= 10.292(4), c= 18.406(2)Å, β= 90.43(1)°, and Z= 4; final R= 0.061 based on 4 091 reflections collected, 2 116 used. One tungsten is trigonally pyramidally co-ordinated with two NNMe2 groups in the equatorial plane and one axial and one equatorial bridging sulphide with a W–W separation of 3.024(1)Å. The reaction of cis-[W(N2)2(PMe2Ph)4] with ButSH gives the symmetric binuclear complex [{W(SBut)2(PMe2Ph)}2(µ-S)2](2). Complex (2) crystallises in space group P, with a= 9.654(4), b= 10.331(4), c= 13.288(5)Å, α= 78.09(1), β= 69.36(1), γ= 82.49(1)°, and Z= 1; final R= 0.071 based on 4 732 reflections collected, 2 310 used. The centre of symmetry imposes planarity on the W2S2 system with a W–W distance of 2.736(2)Å. Each tungsten has distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with bridging sulphide and phosphorus in the apical sites.
Therapies to Increase ApoA-I and HDL-Cholesterol Levels (2008)

Cholesterol is transported around the body in the form of lipoprotein (lipid/protein) complexes, because it is almost insoluble in water. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver for excretion. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between blood levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and the incidence of clinically signifi cant atherosclerosis. The benefi cial effects of HDL in altering atherosclerotic disease are believed to involve elevated levels of HDL enhancing the effl ux of cholesterol from arterial walls, increasing transport of cholesterol from arteries to the liver for excretion. This reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway is used to explain both HDL's role in lipid metabolism and the inverse association between HDL-c plasma concentration and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on the RCT model, ApoA-I is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Experimental manipulations to increase production of ApoA-I have been associated with reduced atherogenicity. There is a continuing need for novel therapies that increase the biosynthesis of HDL, to inhibit the progression of and even bring about regression of atherosclerosis. Small molecule compounds that increase the production of endogenous ApoA-I would be attractive therapeutic agents for treating dyslipidemias.
Integrating multi-camera tracking into a dynamic task allocation system for smart cameras (2006)

This paper reports on the integration of multi-camera tracking into an agent-based framework, which features autonomous task allocation for smart cameras targeting traffic surveillance. Since our target platforms are distributed embedded systems with limited resources, the trackers may only be active, if the target is in the camera's field of view. Consequently, the tracking algorithm has to migrate from camera to camera in order to follow the target, whereas the decision when and whereto the migration takes place is reached autonomously by the tracker. Consequently, no central control host is required. We further present different strategies on when to migrate a tracker, and how to determine the camera which observes the tracked object subsequently. We have realized the tracker's control by using heterogeneous mobile agents, which employ a state-of-the-art tracking algorithm for tracking. The tracking system has been implemented on our smart cameras (SmartCam) which are comprised of a network processor and several digital signal processors (DSPs) and provide a complex software framework.
A mild phenotype of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa is associated with the rhodopsin mutation Pro-267-Leu. (1997)

By screening blood samples from patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, we found in one of the families a rhodopsin mutation (Pro-267-Leu), which segregates with the disease in two affected and five unaffected family members. Here, we present the results of the clinical evaluation of the family, including full-field electroretinography from the two affected family members. A 25-year-old family member with the mutation had an almost normal electrophysiological retinal response. The patient's father, who was also heterozygous for the mutation and had mild subjective symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa, demonstrated a substantially preserved retinal function. Our results suggest that the Pro-267-Leu rhodopsin mutation is associated with a very mild phenotype of retinitis pigmentosa. Young patients with the disease may have minimal pathological changes in the electroretinogram and some patients with few symptoms may be affected without acquiring a diagnosis of eye disease.
Interferon‐γ signal transduction during parasite infection: modulation of MAP kinases in the infection of human monocyte cells (THP1) by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (1998)

We assayed mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation in a human monocyte cell line (THP1) during their infection by Toxoplasma gondii. In addition, we tested the effect of specific MAP kinase inhibitors (PD098059 and SB203580) on parasite invasion. MAP kinase phosphorylation was increased in the cytosol and membrane fractions of THP1 infected with T. gondii. The MAP kinase phosphorylation of uninfected THP1 cells was not significantly modified by incubation for 20 h with 1000 U/ml of IFN-gamma. However, IFN-gamma treatment of infected cells significantly reduces the increase in phosphorylation caused by parasite infection. There was also MAP kinase activity in the cytosol and membrane fractions of extracellular T. gondii tachyzoites. IFN-gamma altered the distribution of activity in subcellular fractions of extracellular T. gondii tachyzoites. This indicates that IFN-gamma directly affects parasite MAP kinase activity. The results provide evidence that MAP kinase pathways participate in the infection by T. gondii and that the decrease in MAP kinase activity in infected cells caused by IFN-gamma may be involved in mediating their protective signals.
MicroReview Trehalose metabolism in Escherichia coli: stress protection and stress regulation of gene expression (1993)

Summary Endogenously synthesized trehalose is a stress protectant in Escherichia coli. Externally supplied trehalose does not serve as a stress protectant, but it can be utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Mutants defective in trehalose synthesis display an impaired osmotic tolerance in minimal growth media without glycine betaine, and an impaired stationary-phase-induced heat tolerance. Mechanisms for stress protection by trehalose are discussed. The genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase {otsA) and anabolic trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase {otsB) constitute an operon. Their expression is induced both by osmotic stress and by growth into the stationary phase and depend on the sigma factor encoded by rpoS {katF). rpoS is amber-mutated in E. coti K-12 and its DNA sequence varies among K-12 strains. For trehalose catabolism under osmotic stress E. coli depends on the osmotically inducible periplasmic trehalase (TreA). In the absence of osmotic stress, trehalose induces the formation of an enzyme W^'^ (TreB) of the group translocation system, a catabolic trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TreE), and an amylotrehalase (TreC) which converts trehalose to free glucose and a glucose polymer.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 218. Alternate-Strand Triple-Helix Formation by the 3‘-3‘-Linked Oligodeoxynucleotides Using a Purine Motif (2003)

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of the 3'-3'-linked TFOs that can form the antiparallel triplexes with the duplex DNA target by reverse Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. Stability of the alternate-strand triplexes between these TFOs and the target DNAs was investigated using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). It was found that the alternate-strand triplexes were significantly stabilized by linking the TFO fragments with the pentaerythritol linker. And, unlike the alternate-strand triplexes composed of the pyrimidine motif, the terminal ammonium ion of the aminobutyl-linker and the intercalator of the TFOs did not contribute to the stability of the alternate-strand triplex comprised of the purine motif. We also tested the ability of the 3'-3'-linked TFOs to inhibit cleavage of the duplex DNA target 17 by the restriction enzyme EcoT14I and found that the 3'-3'-linked TFOs 12 and 13 inhibited the cleavage by the enzyme more effectively than the unlinked decamer 8. Thus, the TFOs linked with pentaerythritol may be useful as the antigene oligonucleotide to the DNA targets, which have alternating oligopyrimidine-oligopurine sequences.
Optical Properties of Strained Wurtzite Gallium Phosphide Nanowires (2016)

Wurtzite gallium phosphide (WZ GaP) has been predicted to exhibit a direct bandgap in the green spectral range. Optical transitions, however, are only weakly allowed by the symmetry of the bands. While efficient luminescence has been experimentally shown, the nature of the transitions is not yet clear. Here we apply tensile strain up to 6% and investigate the evolution of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of WZ GaP nanowires (NWs). The pressure and polarization dependence of the emission together with a theoretical analysis of strain effects is employed to establish the nature and symmetry of the transitions. We identify the emission lines to be related to localized states with significant admixture of Γ7c symmetry and not exclusively related to the Γ8c conduction band minimum (CBM). The results emphasize the importance of strongly bound state-related emission in the pseudodirect semiconductor WZ GaP and contribute significantly to the understanding of the optoelectronic properties of this novel material.
Recombining Population Structure of <i>Plesiomonas shigelloides</i> ( <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> ) Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing (2007)

Plesiomonas shigelloides is an emerging pathogen that is widespread in the aquatic environment and is responsible for intestinal diseases and extraintestinal infections in humans and other animals. Virtually nothing is known about its genetic diversity, population structure, and evolution, which severely limits epidemiological control. We addressed these questions by developing a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system based on five genes (fusA, leuS, pyrG, recG, and rpoB) and analyzing 77 epidemiologically unrelated strains from several countries and several ecological sources. The phylogenetic position of P. shigelloides within family Enterobacteriaceae was precisely defined by phylogenetic analysis of the same gene portions in other family members. Within P. shigelloides, high levels of nucleotide diversity (average percentage of nucleotide differences between strains, 1.49%) and genotypic diversity (64 distinct sequence types; Simpson's index, 99.7%) were found, with no salient internal phylogenetic structure. We estimated that homologous recombination in housekeeping genes affects P. shigelloides alleles and nucleotides 7 and 77 times more frequently than mutation, respectively. These ratios are similar to those observed in the naturally transformable species Streptococcus pneumoniae with a high rate of recombination. In contrast, recombination within Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica was much less frequent. P. shigelloides thus stands out among members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Its high rate of recombination results in a lack of association between genomic background and O and H antigenic factors, as observed for the 51 serotypes found in our sample. Given its robustness and discriminatory power, we recommend MLST as a reference method for population biology studies and epidemiological tracking of P. shigelloides strains.
PLEC News and Views – July 1993 (1993)

PLEC News & Views serves as the medium of communication between the project members, as well as informing others about the progress in and around the project. The newsletter is published twice a year. The old printed issues from 1993 to 2002 was edited by Harold Brookfield and Muriel Brookfield of the Australian National University."
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorotitanium Enolate Addition to Aldimines: A Stereoselective Route to α‐Oxy‐β‐substituted‐β‐amino Esters. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.