gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival in 1,431 Pacemaker Patients: Prognostic Factors and Comparison With the General Population (1992)

A total of 1,431 patients (mean age 63.4 +/- 14.1) with pacemakers (96.2% VVI) primoimplanted between 1967 and 1985 were followed for a mean duration of 78.2 +/- 40 pacing months, with 0.6% loss to follow-up. Cumulative survival for 1, 3, and 10 years was 0.9427, 0.9136, and 0.7536, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between atrioventricular block (AVB) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS) patients. In addition to age and gender, factors existent prior to implantation that independently affected prognosis included manifest coronary heart disease (CHD), congenital/acquired heart lesions, heart failure, noncardiac internal disease, syncope, and generalized fatigue. After implantation, the most important factor was generalized fatigue, then age, stroke, myocardial infarct (MI), gender (male), heart failure, and syncope. Patients with no underlying disease showed an extremely high cumulative survival (0.9173 at 10 years). Compared to the general population of Yugoslavia, the pacemaker patients showed a similar yearly mortality rate until 1981. After that, elderly males (70+) had a significantly lower yearly mortality than the matched population. Thus, in this large series of pacemaker patients followed into the most recent period with an extremely low loss to follow-up, short- and long-term survival was very high. Pacemaker patients of any age who are otherwise in good health have an excellent prognosis.
Sunscreens – Which and What for? (2005)

It is well established that sun exposure is the main cause for the development of skin cancer. Chronic continuous UV radiation is believed to induce malignant melanoma, whereas intermittent high-dose UV exposure contributes to the occurrence of actinic keratosis as precursor lesions of squamous cell carcinoma as well as basal cell carcinoma. Not only photocarcinogenesis but also the mechanisms of photoaging have recently become apparent. In this respect the use of sunscreens seemed to prove to be more and more important and popular within the last decades. However, there is still inconsistency about the usefulness of sunscreens. Several studies show that inadequate use and incomplete UV spectrum efficacy may compromise protection more than previously expected. The sunscreen market is crowded by numerous products. Inorganic sunscreens such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide have a wide spectral range of activity compared to most of the organic sunscreen products. It is not uncommon for organic sunscreens to cause photocontact allergy, but their cosmetic acceptability is still superior to the one given by inorganic sunscreens. Recently, modern galenic approaches such as micronization and encapsulation allow the development of high-quality inorganic sunscreens. The potential systemic toxicity of organic sunscreens has lately primarily been discussed controversially in public, and several studies show contradictory results. Although a matter of debate, at present the sun protection factor (SPF) is the most reliable information for the consumer as a measure of sunscreen filter efficacy. In this context additional tests have been introduced for the evaluation of not only the protective effect against erythema but also protection against UV-induced immunological and mutational effects. Recently, combinations of UV filters with agents active in DNA repair have been introduced in order to improve photoprotection. This article reviews the efficacy of sunscreens in the prevention of epithelial and nonepithelial skin cancer, the effect on immunosuppression and the value of the SPF as well as new developments on the sunscreen market.
Charge-Domain FIR Sampler with Programmable Filtering Coefficients (2005)

A charge-domain sampling technique for integrating an arbitrary FIR filtering function into high-frequency signal sampling is presented. The impulse response of the sampler's built-in FIR filtering function is implemented by weighting signal current samples integrated into a sampling capacitor with a discrete-time current multiplier unit, which is constructed from sets of parallel current-mode switches, each carrying a unit current element. The fine achievable resolution and digital controllability of the multiplier values, and hence the filter tap coefficients, allows realization of advanced programmable mixed-mode FIR filtering functions. Circuit simulation results of an example 50-MHz IF-sampler with a built-in 22-tap complex bandpass sinc/sup 3/ FIR function in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS are shown, demonstrating the feasibility of the presented method.
Bringing Wireline and Coiled Tubing to New Frontiers on a Light Well Intervention Unit (2010)

Abstract The paper will discuss the introduction of a new method of completing wells whilst reducing the amount of time spent by rigs on each well drilled. The information presented in the paper will enable operating companies to rethink their way in which they use their drilling rigs, and allow for more of the completion phase to be performed by lighter services such as coiled tubing and wireline. Based on this new method of completions, up to 9 days per well can be saved on rigs per well. By utilizing this new method of completing wells, allows coiled tubing and wireline to move into a more dynamic market from a light well intervention vessel with a stiff riser solution. This paper will explain how the use of coiled tubing and wireline in a much more effective way on subsea wells will increased the income of the operating companies, increase the use of known technology on wells where this has not been available before and explain how this set-up will allow for operations in harsh conditions from light well intervention units.
Network for Block Switching of Data (1972)

This paper describes a possible sort of data network for the transmission of addressed blocks of data between data terminals. The network consists of a number of closed rings or loops around which data blocks circulate. Data terminals on local loops can read data into empty blocks and read data addressed to them from full blocks. Buffered devices transfer data between local and regional loops and between regional loops and a national loop. Loops so interconnected need not be synchronized; they need not even operate at the same bit rate. Provisions are made for a “busy” signal, for special loops to carry heavy traffic between particular local loops, and for alternate routing.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling of Rat Urine Associated with General Toxicity Induced by the Multiglycoside of <i>Tripterygium wilfordii</i> Hook. f. (2008)

We propose here a combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolic profiling strategy to elucidate the toxicity in rats induced by orally administered multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW) in multiple organs including the kidney, liver, and testis. Overnight 12-h urine samples were collected from Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to GTW (100 mg/kg/day, n = 6) and healthy controls ( n = 6) at predose and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 10th, and 14th day postdose for both GC/MS and LC/MS analyses. The integrated urinary MS data were analyzed via multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to identify the differential metabolites and pertinent altered biological pathways in response to the herbal toxin. The liver, kidney, and testis were also assessed using conventional histopathological examinations at the end point of the experiment. This work indicates that GTW caused a time-dependent toxic effect at a high dose as revealed by the perturbed metabolic regulatory network involving disorders in energy metabolism, elevated amino acid and choline metabolism pathways, as well as altered structure of gut flora. This integrated MS-based metabolic profiling approach has been able to capture and probe the metabolic alterations associated with the onset and progression of multiorgan toxicity induced by GTW, thereby permitting a comprehensive understanding of systemic toxicity for phytochemicals and other types of xenobiotic agents.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: incidence among ethic groups in Israel. (1975)

During the period 1968-73, 46 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal childhood disease related to rubeola, were encountered in Israel. The incidence per million population was 3.4 for Sephardic Jews, 3.2 for Arabs and only 0.5 for Ashkenazic Jews. An environmental factor which sharply demarcated Arabs and Sephardic Jews from Ashkenazic Jews, and which might account for the differences in incidence of SSPE, was family size: 42.3% of Arab families and 21.5% of the families of Sephardic Jews but only 1.1% of Ashkenazic Jewish families had five or more children. It is postulated that older siblings in large families might constitute vectors which introduce rubeola to the younger siblings at a time when they are at unusual risk of developing SSPE (i.e. before two years of age), whereas in small families, rubeola tends to be acquired later in childhood when the risk of SSPE is reduced.
Demonstration of tantalum as a structural material for MEMS thermal actuators (2021)

This work demonstrates the processing, modeling, and characterization of nanocrystalline refractory metal tantalum (Ta) as a new structural material for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal actuators (TAs). Nanocrystalline Ta films have a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and Young's modulus comparable to bulk Ta but an approximately ten times greater yield strength. The mechanical properties and grain size remain stable after annealing at temperatures as high as 1000 °C. Ta has a high melting temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>m</sub> = 3017 °C) and a low resistivity (<i>ρ</i> = 20 µΩ cm). Compared to TAs made from the dominant MEMS material, polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon, <i>T</i> <sub>m</sub> = 1414 °C, <i>ρ</i> = 2000 µΩ cm), Ta TAs theoretically require less than half the power input for the same force and displacement, and their temperature change is half that of polysilicon. Ta TAs operate at a voltage 16 times lower than that of other TAs, making them compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS). We select <i>α</i>-phase Ta and etch 2.5-μm-thick sputter-deposited films with a 1 μm width while maintaining a vertical sidewall profile to ensure in-plane movement of TA legs. This is 25 times thicker than the thickest reactive-ion-etched <i>α</i>-Ta reported in the technical literature. Residual stress sensitivities to sputter parameters and to hydrogen incorporation are investigated and controlled. Subsequently, a V-shaped TA is fabricated and tested in air. Both conventional actuation by Joule heating and passive self-actuation are as predicted by models.
Resources for R&D (1967)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTResources for R&DSome tightening of reins could bring heightening of qualityRODNEY N. HADERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1967, 45, 34, 5Publication Date (Print):August 14, 1967Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 14 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v045n034.p005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v045n034.p005editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1967 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (50 KB) SUBJECTS:Elements,Mathematical methods Get e-Alerts
Blood flow and metabolism during and after repeated partial brain ischemia in neonatal piglets. (1992)

These results demonstrate that the relationship between cerebral blood flow and metabolism was reasonably preserved during repeated partial ischemia. However, following ischemia, alterations occurred in both cerebral blood flow and metabolism. These alterations may reflect a relative inhibition of ATP production by metabolic regulators such as ADP on either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation or both.
Visual Contribution to Speech Intelligibility in Noise (1954)

Oral speech intelligibility tests were conducted with, and without, supplementary visual observation of the speaker's facial and lip movements. The difference between these two conditions was examined as a function of the speech-to-noise ratio and of the size of the vocabulary under test. The visual contribution to oral speech intelligibility (relative to its possible contribution) is, to a first approximation, independent of the speech-to-noise ratio under test. However, since there is a much greater opportunity for the visual contribution at low speech-to-noise ratios, its absolute contribution can be exploited most profitably under these conditions.
Model comparison? (2019)

The paper introduces a model for "upscaling evaporation and other hydrological processes from grid cell to a catchment level". The manuscript is well written, wellstructured, and comprehensive, including parameter sensitivity analyses and evaluation against different sites and hydrological flows.
Density Matrix Embedding: A Strong-Coupling Quantum Embedding Theory (2013)

We extend our density matrix embedding theory (DMET) [Phys. Rev. Lett.2012, 109, 186404] from lattice models to the full chemical Hamiltonian. DMET allows the many-body embedding of arbitrary fragments of a quantum system, even when such fragments are open systems and strongly coupled to their environment (e.g., by covalent bonds). In DMET, empirical approaches to strong coupling, such as link atoms or boundary regions, are replaced by a small, rigorous quantum bath designed to reproduce the entanglement between a fragment and its environment. We describe the theory and demonstrate its feasibility in strongly correlated hydrogen ring and grid models; these are not only beyond the scope of traditional embeddings but even challenge conventional quantum chemistry methods themselves. We find that DMET correctly describes the notoriously difficult symmetric dissociation of a 4 × 3 hydrogen atom grid, even when the treated fragments are as small as single hydrogen atoms. We expect that DMET will open up new ways of treating complex strongly coupled, strongly correlated systems in terms of their individual fragments.
p53-Mediated Regulation of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation (1999)

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a highly conserved cellular protein that functions both in DNA replication and in DNA repair. Exposure of a rat embryo fibroblast cell line (CREF cells) to gamma radiation induced simultaneous expression of PCNA with the p53 tumor suppressor protein and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1). PCNA mRNA levels transiently increased in serum-starved cells exposed to ionizing radiation, an observation suggesting that the radiation-associated increase in PCNA expression could be dissociated from cell cycle progression. Irradiation of CREF cells activated a transiently expressed PCNA promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct through p53 binding sequences via a mechanism blocked by a dominant negative mutant p53. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts prepared from irradiated CREF cells produced four p53-specific DNA-protein complexes with the PCNA p53 binding site. Addition of monoclonal antibody PAb421 (p53-specific) or AC238 (specific to the transcriptional coactivator p300/CREB binding protein) to the mobility shift assay distinguished different forms of p53 that changed in relative abundance with time after irradiation. These findings suggest a complex cellular response to DNA damage in which p53 transiently activates expression of PCNA for the purpose of limited DNA repair. In a population of nongrowing cells with diminished PCNA levels, this pathway may be crucial to survival following DNA damage.
Fluorescent substrate for nascent peptidoglycan synthesis. Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-(Nepsilon-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)pentapeptide. (1977)

The synthesis of UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys[Nepsilon-dimethylaminonaphthalene sulfonyl (Dns)]-DAla-DAla provides a method for the specific introduction of a fluorescent reporter group into the membrane environment of nascent peptidoglycan synthesis. To assess the degree of perturbation of this environment caused by the introduction of the dansyl substituent, this nucleotide was compared with UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla in the reaction catalyzed by phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase (UDP-MurNAc-Ala-gammaDGlu-Lys-DAla-DAla:undecaprenyl phosphate phospho-MurNA-C-pentapeptide transferase) and in the membrane-associated synthesis of nascent peptidoglycan. Phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase in membrane fragments from Staphylococcus aureus Copenhagen catalyzed the transfer of phospho-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(Nepsilon-Dns)-DAla-DAla to undecaprenyl phosphate with a Vmax/Km of 3.8 and a Vmax of 1.6 times the values for UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide. In the exchange reaction catalyzed by the translocase, the Rmax/Km and Rmax for the dansylated substrate were 1.8 and 0.78 times the respective values for the reference nucleotide. The equilibrium constant for the transfer reaction utilizing UDP-MurNAc-(Nepsilon-Dns)pentapeptide was 5.9 +/- 0.13 compared to 1.1 +/- 0.02 for UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide. With respect to the proposed reaction model (Pless, D. D., and Neuhaus, F. C. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1568-1576), the increase in Keq is consistent with a decrease in the affinity of undecaprenyl diphosphate-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(Nepsilon-Dns)-DAla-DAla for the translocase. The fluorescence emission maximum of the phospho-MurNAc-(Nepsilon-Dns)pentapeptide moiety of UDP-MurNAc-(Nepsilon-Dns)pentapeptide was blue-shifted from 525 to 495 nm upon transfer from UMP to undecaprenyl phosphate with a 6-fold increase in quantum yield. These spectral changes provided a sensitive and continuous assay for the formation of undecaprenyl diphosphate-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(Nepsilon-Dans)-DAla-DAla. The nascent peptidoglycan synthesizing system from Gaffkya homari utilized the dansylated nucleotide with a Vmax/Km of 0.05 and a Vmax of 0.10 times the values for UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide. These results demonstrate that phospho-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys(Nepsilon-Dns)-DAla-DAla linked to the undecaprenyl phosphate will serve as a precursor for the synthesis of nascent peptidoglycan and that the dansyl moiety will report on the membrane environment it experiences during this synthesis.
THE MECHANISM OF INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION (1973)

The prudent scientist keeps his hypothesis simple. He endows it with only enough complexity to account for the observations. He stands stubbornly by his simple hypothesis, resisting the complicating results of other peoples' experi­ ments, until there can be no further doubt of their validity. Then he retreats a very short way, taking up a new position with only enough added complexity to accommodate the unwanted findings. There he digs in and prepares for the next attack of the anarchists. The siege on the mechanism of genetic recombination has been particularly long and telling. For many years it appeared that the event could be described in the simplest terms: a single, reciprocal exchange between two homologous chromosomes which could occur (with similar likelihood) at the junction between any two adjacent genes. From this it followed that measurements of recombination frequency generated genetic maps that revealed the order of successive sites and even an approximation of the distances between them. When it was discovered that recombination could take place at a site within a functional (1, 2), some modification of the model was required. The discoverers of intragenic recombination found that this event could not be explained by a single, reciprocal exchange. It required two or three exchanges in a very short distance to account for some of the products. Furthermore, tetrad analysis showed that these exchanges were not exactly reciprocal. Segregating sites in the immediate vicinity of a recombination event showed frequent 3: I (or 1 :3) segregations. This was called gene conversion. (Indeed, one way to interpret the production of a wild-type recombinant in a cross between allelic mutants was to say it did not involve exchange at all but was the result of conversion of one of the mutant alleles to wild type.)
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME: NINE CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW (1991)

The postmortem findings are reported from 9 cases of the Guillain-Barré syndrome with survival between 10 days and 1 yr. In 8 cases there was multifocal loss of myelin throughout the peripheral nervous system with relative preservation of axons. In 1 case there was predominant loss of axons. Inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration was present in the peripheral nervous system of all cases except 1 case surviving a year. The extent and severity of cell infiltration was variable, usually being less prominent than in previous reports, and sometimes sparing nerves in which myelin destruction was severe. Vesicular dissolution of myelin noted by electron microscopy was considered to be a postmortem artefact. In cases examined within 30 days after the onset, immunohistochemical studies with monoclonal antibodies identified more leucocytes (PD7/2B11+) and T cells (UCHL1+) in the endoneurium than in cases examined later or control cases. These findings and recent single case reports indicate that the pathology of the Guillian-Barré syndrome is variable. This variability may reflect differences in pathogenesis, with greater cell-mediated immunity in some cases and greater antibody targeted macrophage-mediated demyelination in others.
Conservation biology: The newest tool in the biodiversity toolbox (2001)

Are people working in conservation biology and applied ecology duplicating each other's efforts? Dr. Robert France believes not. After surveying 2318 articles published from 1987–1995 in four international journals (Biological Conservation, Conservation Biology, Ecological Applications and the Journal of Applied Ecology) he found differences substantial enough to indicate that the research efforts of conservation biologists and applied ecologists are complementary, not duplicative. Those differences are presented below. Dr. Robert France teaches courses focusing on the influences of landscape processes and watershed development on aquatic systems, and the ecopsychology of human-environment relations at the Harvard Design School. His current research activities (ranging from bacteria to whales, and from the high arctic to the tropics) include a study of the effects of riparian clear-cutting on boreal lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada