gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceramic Proton and Mixed Proton-Electron Conductors in Membranes for Energy Conversion Applications (2007)

Ceramic high temperature proton conductors offer in principle great advantages over oxide ion conductors and “proton conducting” polymers as electrolytes in fuel cells. This is related to the absence of product water on the anode, and simplified overall water management. The state-of-the-art proton conducting perovskite oxide materials are too basic to be stable in operation with reformed fossil fuels, and new classes of more stable proton conducting oxides have been discovered—so far with more moderate proton conductivities, though. Also new mixed proton-electron conducting oxides are being uncovered, and it is shown how they can be utilized as membranes in fossil fuelled power plants with CO2 sequestration.
Ultrastructure of intermediate trophoblast cells during morphogenesis of syncytiotrophoblast in early human pregnancy. (1997)

During human embryonic development the process of differentiation begins in the cells covering the blastocyst, resulting in the formation of outer syncytial and inner cytotrophoblastic cell layers. Although the outer syncytial layer is known to be derived from the underlying layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts, the cellular mechanism involved in its morphogenesis is not clear. Furthermore, there is another type of cells, designated as intermediate trophoblasts, which play a vital role in syncytium formation. Using early first-trimester (6-10 weeks' gestation) human chorionic villi, a study was carried out to illustrate the ultrastructural features of these cells. It was observed that while there was a large number of coated vesicles, vacuoles, lysosomes and dense granules in the syncytiotrophoblast, in cytotrophoblasts there was a relatively smaller number. In intermediate cells, however, these organelles were more abundant. Moreover, a discontinuity in the plasma membrane along with gap junctions was frequently observed in these cells. Since these features represent the transitional stage of a differentiating cell, it is possible that the syncytiotrophoblast is in fact formed by the differentiation of intermediate trophoblasts.
Oxygen delivery for ambulatory patients (1988)

Transtracheal oxygen delivery with the Micro-Trach is state-of-the-art treatment for patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy. The Micro-Trach diminishes dyspnea because it bypasses the anatomic dead space in the respiratory tract. It eliminates the waste of oxygen that escapes from the nose and mouth when a nasal cannula is used. Therefore, a small oxygen container lasts longer, increasing the patient's mobility. The patient's appetite improves because oxygen is not diverted during deglutition, and the senses of smell and taste are restored. Rehabilitation is enhanced through increased mobility and improved nutrition. Transtracheal instillation of saline solution cleanses the respiratory tract and stimulates coughing, opening occluded air passages. There are fewer lung infections and hospitalizations for infective exacerbations of disease. Prescribed saline solution, mucolytics, and antibiotics can also be instilled through the Micro-Trach to treat cystic fibrosis. This use and others are still being explored.
Regulation of mTOR by Polycystin-1: is Polycystic Kidney Disease a Case of Futile Repair? (2006)

Recent work has uncovered a functional link between polycystin-1 (PC1), the protein affected in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and tuberin, the protein affected in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). These data suggest that PC1 functions by inducing the formation of a complex with tuberin and the Ser/Thr kinase mTOR thereby inhibiting mTOR activity. In normal, adult kidney, mTOR is inactive. However, it is activated in response to insults and required for proliferative and hyperthrophic repair processes. We propose a model in which the PC1-tuberin-mTOR complex functions to sense renal insults, possibly by ciliary mechanotransduction, and regulates the activity of mTOR to trigger a formal repair program. In ADPKD, defects in PC1 would lead to constitutive activation of mTOR, and the affected cells would be engaged in a permanent state of futile repair leading to the formation and growth of renal cysts. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has proven highly effective in preventing and even reversing cyst growth in rodent models of polycystic kidney disease resulting in preservation of renal function. mTOR inhibitors, already in clinical use as immunosuppressants, may therefore be promising for future therapeutic approaches for ADPKD.
Short echo time CSI without outer-volume suppression at 7 T (2009)

At high field, localisation methods such as PRESS suffer from chemical-shift artefacts and T2-dephasing. An alternative is a pulse-acquire sequence with CSI. However, poorly shimmed regions can cause artefacts through the pointspread-function. It has been shown that this sequence can be combined with SAR-demanding OVS[1] to suppress these signals. However, with high spatial resolution and a voxel of interest far from poorly shimmed regions, OVS may not be necessary. Low-SAR water and lipid suppression may be sufficient, enabling a substantially shorter TR.
Determination of phosphorus-containing compounds by spectrophotometry (1978)

No single method has been applicable for the determination of total phosphorus in the large spectrum of naturally-occurring and synthetic phosphorus-containing compounds, especially for those of extreme stability; e.g., ionic 0,O-dialkyl phosphates and 0-alkyl alkylphosphonates; the available phosphorus assay procedures determine only certain classes of phosphorus compounds. Phosphate esters from cells and tissues have been assayed routinely for total phosphorus after acid hydrolysis (e.g., 1). Nonesterified alkylphosphonates have been determined after alkaline persulfate oxidation (2); however, 0-alkyl alkylphosphonates are not hydrolyzed quantitatively (3), and the detection limit and the sensitivity in these determinations are poor (30-1600 nmol/assay). We have found (Cook and Daughton, unpublished data) that dry ashing with 5 M HNO3 (4) results in incomplete and erratic recovery of dihydrogen 2-aminoethylphosphonate as orthophosphate. Subsequently, we found that a published method for wet ashing of aminoalkylphosphonates (5) could be extended and modified to give a simple, safe, general procedure for nongaseous phosphorus compounds in the 1-50 nmol range: this new procedure is described here. The orthophosphate resulting from the ashing was assayed by the highly sensitive method of Bartlett ( I ).
Coherent Electron Scattering in Mesoscopic Metal Films (1987)

In mesoscopic metal films (size smaller than the inelastic diffusion length for the electrons), ensemble averaging is incomplete. Direct interference between the electron waves gives rise to a sample specific magnetoresistance. The magnetoresistance of a mesoscopic loop oscillates with flux-period h/e. In series arrays of mesoscopic loops, the h/e amplitude is inversely proportional to the square-root of the number of loops. This is in agreement with the stochastic self-averaging of the direct interference in larger samples. In long metal cylinders, impurity averaging is complete and only h/2e oscillations caused by the weak electron localization, are present.
Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Formaldehyde-Sublimate Fixed, Paraffin-embedded Gastric Biopsies (1997)

To improve morphologic detail and immunohistochemical staining, mercuric chloride-containing fixatives such as formaldehyde-sublimate (FS) has been widely used as an alternative for neutral buffered formalin. FS-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, however, is considered to be an unreliable source of DNA. We used an adapted DNA-extraction method for FS-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. In all cases tested we obtained amplifiable DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), after FS-fixation and after fixation in neutral buffered formalin as well. A PCR assay for the 16S-rRNA region of Helicobacter pylori was developed amplifying a fragment of 145 bp. The specificity of this PCR assay was tested on a range of different microorganisms. PCR was performed on 46 archival FS-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric biopsies. The results were compared with histologic examination and with immunohistochemical detection using a polyclonal antibody against H. pylori. Both PCR and immunohistochemistry are very sensitive methods for the detection of H. pylori. A PCR offers the possibility of additional subtyping in archival FS-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.
Fractured Small Gauge Needle During Attempted Combined Spinal–Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery (2010)

To the Editor Spinal anesthesia was selected for a parturient for repeat cesarean delivery. She weighed 112 kg, and was 173 cm tall. After multiple failed attempts with multiple needles at various spinal levels, using a combined spinal-epidural needle set, a 27-gauge, 11.5-cm Whitacre spinal needle was inserted through a 17-gauge Tuohy needle seated in the interspinous ligament. The stylet was withdrawn from the spinal needle, and the two needles advanced together while watching for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the Whitacre. The Whitacre met with slight increased resistance, thought to be dura, at a depth of 8 cm. The Whitacre and Tuohy were advanced together through the resistance, with no flow of CSF noted. The Whitacre was withdrawn from the Tuohy without perceived difficulty. When the Whitacre was out of the Tuohy, a 1-cm portion of the Whitacre tip was missing. Spinal anesthesia was abandoned, and the cesarean delivery proceeded uneventfully under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, the patient remained neurologically intact, even denied back pain. No retained tip was found on radiographs. It may have remained inside the shaft of the Tuohy needle, which was not kept for subsequent examination. Subsequent microscopic examination of the broken spinal needle revealed a residual bend at the fracture, with cracking observed nearby. The latter may have originated during the compressive nature of bending during attempted insertion, and widening of these cracks may have occurred with restraightening during withdrawal of the spinal needle through the Tuohy. There are two reports of fractured spinal needles and two reports of fractured epidural needles in the literature.1–4 In each report, the needles were presumably bent during insertion attempts and fractured upon withdrawal, and each of the patients recovered without sequelae. Two evaluations of factors involved with needle failure4,5 documented that longer, thinner needles were more likely to bend and fracture upon restraightening, especially with movement. In our case, the increased resistance perceived during the last insertion likely represented bone contact that caused the distal end of the 27-gauge Whitacre to pivot around the tip of the Tuohy as the two needles were advanced together. When the Whitacre was withdrawn, while leaving the Tuohy in place, the distal 1-cm tip probably sheared off against the tip of the Tuohy. From our case experience, it seems prudent that practitioners limit the number of passes with any single spinal needle, and in the case of combined spinal-epidural technique, withdraw both the protruding spinal and introducer needle together if any difficulty occurs with lumbar puncture. Adam L. Wendling, MD Matthew T. Wendling, ME Dietrich Gravenstein, MD Tammy Y. Euliano, MD University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida Energizer Battery Manufacturing Westlake, Ohio [email protected]
A Randomized Algorithm for the Approximation of Matrices (2006)

We introduce a randomized procedure that, given an m × n matrix A and a positive integer k, approximates A with a matrix Z of rank k. The algorithm relies on applying a structured l × m random matrix R to each column of A ,w herel is an integer near to, but greater than, k. The structure of R allows us to apply it to an arbitrary m × 1 vector at a cost proportional to m log(l); the resulting procedure can construct a rank-k approximation Z from the entries of A at a cost proportional to mn log(k) + l 2 (m + n). We prove
0377 ACTIVITY MEASURES POST CBT-I FOR CHRONIC PAIN (2017)

CBT-I has been shown to improve both sleep and pain in chronic pain patients. The mechanisms by which CBT-I improves pain are poorly understood. While studies have shown that increase in physical activity is associated with positive outcomes, the impact of CBT-I on activity has been largely unexplored. In the present analysis, the association between improved pain and diurnal activity was assessed. 15 patients (Mean Age=42.9 ± 10.4; f=12) with chronic pain (non-cancer neck or back pain) who received 8-session CBTI were evaluated by 7-day actigraphy at baseline and post-treatment (only 10 subjects completed actigraphy at both time-points), and completed the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) for a pain severity score (MPI-Severity) at both time-points (all 15 participants completed both MPI assessments). Activity was averaged per-hour using minute-by-minute activity count epochs. Mixed models were utilized to allow for actigraphic missing data and to evaluate the relationship between pain improvement (Responders vs. Non-Responders), phase (baseline vs post-CBTI), and diurnal time (24-hr day) with activity counts per hour. Treatment response was determined based on improvement on MPI-Severity≥30% from baseline. Additionally, exploratory paired-sample t-tests were utilized to evaluate time-of-day of improved activity. Based on the MPI-Severity score, there were 8 Responders and 7 Non-Responders. There were no significant differences in activity at baseline. Mixed models revealed a significant phase*group interaction (p=0.003) with significant main effects for phase (p=0.003) and time of day (p<0.001). While there was no, phase*group*time-of-day interaction, paired-sample t-tests revealed that Responders significantly increased activity in the morning (6-9AM) while no significant activity increase is noted for Non-Responders. These pilot findings suggest that CBTI improvements in pain severity are associated with diurnal activity increase. Chronic pain patients who achieved clinically meaningful pain reduction tended to have increased activity during the day compared to Non-Responders. The change was more notable with the morning activity. The results suggest the potentially greater role of improving morning activities for pain management. Future studies utilizing larger sample sizes are necessary. Supported by: NINR NR5R21NR009080-02.
Changing the Game (2016)

Dave Schrader, known to his friends as Dr. Dave, worked for 24 years in advanced development and marketing at Teradata, a major data warehouse vendor. He actively gives talks on business analytics, and since retiring has spent time exploring the field of sports analytics. In this interview, Schrader discusses how analytics is playing a significant role in professional sports--from Major League Soccer to the NBA.
Formation metrology and control for large separated optics space telescopes (2002)

In this paper we present formation flying performance analysis initial results for a representative large space telescope composed of separated optical elements [Mett 02]. A virtual-structure construct (an equivalent rigid body) is created by unique metrology and control that combines both centralized and decentralized methods. The formation may be in orbit at GEO for super-resolution Earth observation, as in the case of Figure 1, or it may be in an Earth-trailing orbit for astrophysics, Figure 2. Extended applications are envisioned for exo-solar planet interferometric imaging by a formation of very large separated optics telescopes, Figure 3. Space telescopes, with such large apertures and f/10 to f/100 optics, are not feasible if connected by massive metering structures. Instead, the new virtual-structure paradigm of information and control connectivity between the formation elements provides the necessary spatial rigidity and alignment precision for the telescope.
Reducing parameter space for word alignment (2003)

This paper presents the experimental results of our attemps to reduce the size of the parameter space in word alignment algorithm. We use IBM Model 4 as a baseline. In order to reduce the parameter space, we pre-processed the training corpus using a word lemmatizer and a bilingual term extraction algorithm. Using these additional components, we obtained an improvement in the alignment error rate.
Carbonate-Containing Europium Apatite (2017)

It is possible to prepare by a gas-solid reaction europium-containing strontium apatite which contain, in the channels, up to two carbonate ions per unit cell. Above one ion per unit cell, the number of neighbouring carbonate ions increases and their distorsion can be seen by infrared spectrometry, especially by the distance of the V3 band in the range 1420–1550 cm−1.
There's slow release and slow release. (1976)

lowest saralasin infusion rate.At the higher in- fusion rates blood pressure decreased continuously to a minimum of 75/55 mm Hg at the end of the infusion period.At that moment the patient felt seriously ill, had a pale complexion, and vomited several times.After the infusion was stopped the blood pressure reached its preinfusion level within 30 min.Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured at the beginning and the end of each infusion (see table ).PRA (,ug'l 3 h) BeforeAfter saralasin saralasinModerate sodium intake 10 6 3 After six days' chlorthalidone 100 mg, day 40 > 125The findings in this patient show firstly that saralasin infusion may lead to a potentially hazardous initial rise in blood pressure when PRA is low, as has been demonstrated by others,2 and secondly that saralasin infused after severe sodium depletion with chlor- thiazide diuretics and vigorously stimulated PRA may cause severe hypotension even at low-dose infusion rates.
Fluoroscopic Analyses of Cruciate-Retaining and Medial Pivot Knee Implants (2003)

Contemporary posterior cruciate-retaining total knee designs have provided pain relief and improved knee function but have failed to reproduce the kinematics and stability of the normal nonarthritic knee. The Medial Pivot total knee design features a near constant radius of curvature of the femoral component. The tibial surface is highly congruent and asymmetric, permitting a medial pivot motion during knee flexion. The purpose of the current study was to analyze and compare the gait kinematics of the Sigma posterior cruciate-retaining total knee implant, the Advance Traditional posterior cruciate-retaining total knee implant, and the Advance Medial Pivot knee implant using fluoroscopic analysis. In vivo kinematics were determined for 15 clinically successful total knee arthroplasties. Five knee implants were evaluated from each group. The authors analyzed the kinematics of knee motion during the stance phase of gait for each patient. On average, subjects with the Medial Pivot knee implant had a medial pivot motion. Both posterior cruciateretaining designs had a paradoxical roll forward of the tibia on femur during knee flexion and had greater excursion of both condyles during knee flexion than the medial pivot design. Nine of 10 of the posterior cruciate-retaining designs had condylar lift-off averaging 1.7 mm whereas only one Medial Pivot knee implant had condylar lift-off measuring 1.1 mm.
Long-term in-vivo Investigation of Parylene-C as Encapsulation Material for Neural Interfaces (2011)

In this paper, we present in-vitro soak testing results used to measure the long term encapsulation and insulation properties of parylene-C based on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) (Fig. 1). The parylene-C layer has been deposited by chemical vapor deposition using the Gorman process [1]. Our primary investigations showed that parylene-C is a great encapsulation material based on its extremely low leakage current (20 pA for quartz substrate) and high insulation impedance (2 Masterisk at 1 kHz for quartz substrate) after 180-day of soaking test. Substrate materials with high resistivity were recommended in order to actually measure the insulation performance of encapsulation materials rather than that of the substrates.
Dual blockade of angiotensin‐<scp>II</scp> and aldosterone suppresses the progression of a non‐diabetic rat model of steatohepatitis (2012)

Dual blockade of AT-II and Ald suppresses the progression of a non-diabetic rat model of steatohepatitis. Because both agents are widely and safely used in clinical practice, this combination therapy could be an effective new strategy against steatohepatitis in the future.
Improved synthesis of choline phospholipids (1979)

Abstract Choline phospholipids (diether and dialkyl analogs of phosphatidyl choline, cholesteryl phosphocholine) were prepared, in yields of 72–83%, by condensation of the diglyceride analogs (or cholesterol) with phosphorusoxychloride and choline toluene‐sulfonate.
DECOMPOSITION OF BUS-INVERT CODING FOR LOW-POWER I/O (2000)

This paper proposes a new bus-invert coding scheme for reducing the number of bus transitions. Unlike the previous schemes in which the entire bus lines or one subset of the bus lines are considered for bus-invert coding, in the proposed scheme, the bus lines are partitioned and each partitioned group is considered independently for bus-invert coding to maximize the effectiveness of reducing the total number of bus transitions. Experimental results show that the decomposed bus-invert coding scheme reduces the total number of bus transitions by 47.2% and 11.9% on average than those of the conventional and the partial bus-invert coding schemes respectively.
[Synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation of some dihydropyran carboxylic acids]. (1987)

The synthesis of three new dihydropyran carboxylic acids has been performed by uncommon procedures: cyanosilylation, cyclisation of oxime. Their chemical structure was confirmed by I.R. and N.M.R. data. In a pharmacological evaluation they were found to possess significant effects on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and on the central nervous system; one of them showed an interesting antiallergic effect whilst another showed an interesting sedative effect.
Isolation and Characterization of Murine Early Intrathymic Precursor Populations (2003)

The earliest steps along the pathway leading to mature T cells in mouse thymus have been defined (1,2). Within the thymus, several minute but discrete populations of T cell precursors develop in sequence, preceding the stage of CD4+8+ thymocytes (Fig. 1). The earliest identifiable intrathymic precursors in the adult mouse, termed “low CD4” precursors, express low levels of CD4 and Thy-1, and are positive for Sca-1, Sca-2, CD44 and c-kit but negative for CD25 (3). This precursor population represents only 0.03–0.05% of total thymocytes. It is not exclusively T-lineage committed and retains the potential to form NK cells, B cells and dendritic cells (DC) (4–6). The low CD4 precursor population then loses surface CD4 and develops into CD3−4−8− triple negative (TN) precursors. Among the TN precursors, four subpopulations, representing 2–3% of total thymocytes, can be characterized by the early expression of CD44 and c-kit, and by transient expression of CD25. The developmental progression, deduced from precursor activities, is c-kit+CD44+CD25−−>c-kit+CD44+CD25+−>c-kit−CD44−CD25+−>c-kit−CD44−CD25− (7–10). The earliest c-kit+CD44+CD25− TN subpopulation, although believed to be more mature than the low CD4 precursors, has many features overlapping those of the low CD4 precursors. It also retains the potential to develop into NK cells, B cells and DC (L. Wu, unpublished observations).