gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional intermediates in the reaction of membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase with oxygen. (1975)

Flash photolysis of the membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase/carbon monoxide compound in the presence of oxygen at low temperatures and in the frozen state leads to the formation of three types of intermediates functional in electron transfer in cytochrome oxidase and reduction of oxygen by cytochrome oxidase. The first category (A) does not involve electron transfer to oxygen between -125 degrees and -105 degrees, and includes oxy compounds which are spectroscopically similar for the completely reduced oxidase (Cu1+alpha3(2+)-O2) or for the ferricyanide-pretreated oxidase (Cu2+alpha3(3+)-O2). Oxygen is readily dissociated from compounds of type A. The second category (B) involves oxidation of the heme and the copper moiety of the reduced oxidase to form a peroxy compound (Cu2+alpha 3(3+)-O2=or Cu2+alpha3(2+)-O2H2) in the temperature range from -105 degrees to -60 degrees. Above -60 degrees, compounds of type B serve as effective electron acceptors from cytochromes a, c, and c1. The third category (C) is formed above -100 degrees from mixed valency states of the oxidase obtained by ferricyanide pretreatment, and may involve higher valency states of the heme iron (Cu2+alpha3(4+)-O2=). These compounds act as electron acceptors for the respiratory chain and as functional intermediates in oxygen reduction. The remarkable features of cytochrome oxidase are its highly dissociable "oxy" compound and its extremely effective electron donor reaction which converts this rapidly to tightly bound reduced oxygen and oxidized oxidase.
Curved helical drill points for microhole drilling (2002)

The ubiquitous microdrills with planar point geometry used by industry suffer from a number of undesirable characteristics and limitations that influence their drilling performance with respect to hole quality and tool life. In this paper, a new family of drill points, the ‘curved helical drill points’, and the related grinding methods for their manufacture are introduced to alleviate the undesired characteristics and limitations of planar drills. The mathematical foundation and an analytical and graphical comparative drill point geometry analysis between curved helical drill points, linear helical drill points and planar drill points are presented.
The Effect of Aging on Middle Ear Dynamic Characteristics. (1994)

The effect of aging on middle ear function has not been investigated thoroughly, as there is no simple measuring apparatus except for the conventional impedance meter (IM). However, the reliability of the IM is insufficient, because the stimulus frequency is fixed and the information provided by the IM is minimal. We have developed a sweep frequency middle ear analyzer (MEA), which provides much more information on middle ear dynamic characteristics than a conventional IM, and have obtained various measurements with this device. In this paper, middle ear dynamic characteristics of 187 normal subjects (309 ears) ranging from a 4-year-old child to an elderly person, 79 years old, were measured with the MEA in the middle ear resonance frequency region where dynamic characteristics can be seen clearly, and the effect of aging on middle ear dynamic characteristics was examined. The main results obtained were as follows: Middle ear mobilities tend to increase up to the twenties, then decrease up to the forties. Subsequently, a clear difference between those of males and females is observed. The middle ear mobilities of males decrease gradually with an increase in age. In contrast, although the standard deviation values are large, those for females tend to rise with increasing age.
Corrosion Behaviour of Solution Nitrided Stainless Steels (1999)

The case of near net shape parts made from austenitic steel X2CrNiMo 17-13-2 and austenitic-ferritic steels X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (wrought) and G-X3CrNiMoCuN26-6-3-3 (cast) is interstitially enriched with nitrogen by the diffusion-based process solution nitriding. In order to obtain good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, the solution nitriding parameters and the applied cooling time are selected so, that precipitates are avoided (X2CrNiMo 17-13-2, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3) However, in case of a superimposed hydroabrasive load, the presence of nitrides in the case is found to be beneficial. The solution nitrided and the solution annealed conditions of the steels are compared with respect to their susceptibility to corrosion by means of electrochemical polarisation curves. The erosion corrosion behaviour of the materials is analysed in pilot scale flow-loop tests using particle loaded corrosive and particle loaded non-corrosive media. It is shown that solution nitriding leads to improved corrosion behaviour and/or improved erosion corrosion resistance, in particular in the case of the duplex steels.
Electrostatic Influences on the Kinetics of the Reactions of Lobster Metallothioneins with the Electrophilic Disulfides 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine (PySSPy) and 5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (ESSE) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrostatic Influences on the Kinetics of the Reactions of Lobster Metallothioneins with the Electrophilic Disulfides 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine (PySSPy) and 5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (ESSE)Zhiwu Zhu, David H. Petering, and C. Frank Shaw IIICite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 17, 4477–4483Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00121a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00121a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Age, gender and personality recognition using tweets in a multilingual setting (2015)

User generated text on social media sites is a rich source of information that can be used to identify different aspects of their authors. Proper mining of this content provides an automatic way of identifying users which is very valuable for applications that rely on personalisation. In this work, we describe the properties of our multilingual software submitted for PAN2015 which recognizes the age, gender and personality traits of Twitter users in four languages, namely, English, Spanish, Dutch and Italian.
Alkyl migration in an iron(II) alkylidene: a new route to a stabilized bridgehead olefin (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyl migration in an iron(II) alkylidene: a new route to a stabilized bridgehead olefinRobert S. Bly, M. Mahmun Hossain, and Lukasz LebiodaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 19, 5549–5550Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00305a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00305a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
From Security to Assurance in the Cloud (2015)

The cloud computing paradigm has become a mainstream solution for the deployment of business processes and applications. In the public cloud vision, infrastructure, platform, and software services are provisioned to tenants (i.e., customers and service providers) on a pay-as-you-go basis. Cloud tenants can use cloud resources at lower prices, and higher performance and flexibility, than traditional on-premises resources, without having to care about infrastructure management. Still, cloud tenants remain concerned with the cloud’s level of service and the nonfunctional properties their applications can count on. In the last few years, the research community has been focusing on the nonfunctional aspects of the cloud paradigm, among which cloud security stands out. Several approaches to security have been described and summarized in general surveys on cloud security techniques. The survey in this article focuses on the interface between cloud security and cloud security assurance. First, we provide an overview of the state of the art on cloud security. Then, we introduce the notion of cloud security assurance and analyze its growing impact on cloud security approaches. Finally, we present some recommendations for the development of next-generation cloud security and assurance solutions.
Solar cooling of buildings with absorption and desiccant systems : progress and prospects (2016)

Materials document the research conducted on solar energy during the latter half of the 20th century.
Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamides from N,N'-Bis(2-arylethyl)sulfamides (2003)

The sulfamide unit is a ubiquitous structural entity in many naturally occurring compounds and medicinal agents (i.e., anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, hyperglycemia, hista mine H2-receptor antagonist, herbicide, HCMV inhibitors).1
Effect of Rifampin Chemoprophylaxis on Carriage Eradication and New Acquisition of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b in Contacts (1985)

We conducted a multicenter trial designed to assess the efficacy of three different drug regimens on eradication of Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) from the nasopharynx of household contacts of patients with invasive type b Haemophilus disease. The drug regimens studied were rifampin, 20 mg/kg, once daily for four days; rifampin, 10 mg/kg, twice a day for four days; and placebo, once daily for four days. Shortly after admission of the index patient to the hospital, 26% of 492 household contacts were found to be colonized with HIB. Both rifampin regimens eradicated carriage significantly better than placebo at 10 and 30 days (P = .001). However, among contacts whose cultures were initially negative, new acquisition of the organism occurred infrequently in this 30-day follow-up period regardless of the drug or placebo regimen prescribed. We also measured the concentration of anticapsular antibody in sera obtained from contacts younger than 6 years of age. Samples were obtained soon after admission of the index patient to the hospital and 30 days later. Several carriers younger than 2 years of age had low concentrations of antibody in both specimens. In contrast, nearly all carriers 2 to 5 years of age had high concentrations of antibody even in the first sample. Children who were not carriers usually had low antibody concentrations which did not increase during the period of observation. Our results suggest that most intrafamilial spread of HIB occurs prior to hospitalization of the index patient and stimulates immunity in contacts older than 2 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hyponatremia and Heart Failure—Pathophysiology and Implications (2005)

Fluid and electrolyte disturbances are a common feature of heart failure. Among the electrolyte disturbances that occur in heart failure, disorders of potassium and magnesium have traditionally received the most attention. Abnormalities involving either of these actions serve as risk factors for sudden cardiac death/arrhythmias. More recently, a growing appreciation has emerged for the importance of hyponatremia in the heart failure patient. Hyponatremia is multifactorial in origin, and its presence correlates with disease severity and outcome. There are few effective therapies for hyponatremia, and those that are available are not viewed as offering specific survival benefits per se. The recent availability of vasopressin receptor antagonists, however, offers a different approach to the management of this complex electrolyte disturbance, but one that is still evolving as to the scope of its clinical benefits.
PREVENTION OF OVERT DIABETES AND INSULITIS BY INTRATHYMIC INJECTION OF SYNGENEIC ISLETS IN NEWBORN NONOBESE DIABETIC (NOD) MICE (1993)

Based on previous studies showing that allogeneic islets transplanted into the thymus can induce donor-specific unresponsiveness, we investigated in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse the effect of intrathymic islet isografts on preventing autoimmunity directed against pancreatic islet antigens. Islets prepared from newborn NOD pancreata were injected into one lobe of the thymus of 10- to 11-day-old female NOD mice (experimental group) with no immunosuppression. PBS alone was used for injection into age- and sex-matched litter mates (control group). Thirty of 32 (94%) experimental mice remained normoglycemic for over 30 weeks. Well-formed islets with no indication of insulitis were found in the thymus of these 30 mice, whereas no grafted islets were found in the 2 mice that became diabetic at 17 and 19 weeks, respectively (technical failures). In the control group, 10 of 32 (31%) mice became diabetic between 20 and 29 weeks. This diabetic incidence was, however, lower than that in our colony female mice. In the pancreas of experimental mice, 90.9% of islets were free of infiltrates, whereas only 13.1% of islets were intact in control mice. The spleens of 30-week-old experimental mice contained a slightly higher percentage of CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) than those of control mice. Cyclophosphamide injections at 30 weeks induced diabetes in 4 of 9 experimental mice. The 2 lines of evidence, (1) marked reduction in insulitis of intrathymic islet-grafted mice and (2) induction of diabetes after treatment with cyclophosphamide, suggest that both thymic clonal deletion and peripheral tolerance may play a role in preventing diabetes.
Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from <i>Fragaria</i>×<i>ananassa</i> expressed sequences (2006)

Abstract The availability of expressed sequence data derived from gene discovery programmes enables mining for simple sequence repeats (SSRs), providing useful genetic markers for crop improvement. These markers are inexpensive, require minimal labour to produce and can frequently be associated with functionally annotated genes. This study reports on the development and characterization of expressed sequence tag (EST)–SSR markers in the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa . Fourteen primer pairs were assessed for polymorphism in 13 F. × ananassa genotypes. The markers show reliable amplification and considerable polymorphism, demonstrating the utility of EST–SSRs for genetic analysis of commercial strawberry germplasm.
THE APPLICATION OF LIGA MICROENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY TO AUTOMOTIVE SENSORS (1997)

Automotive manufacturers world wide have turned to advanced electronics technology to answer demands for improved safety, greater vehicle performance and reduced environmental impact. As part of this trend, the number of on-car sensors has increased dramatically. With such large numbers being used on a single vehicle there is considerable pressure on sensor designers and manufacturers to make them as small, light and cheap as possible. This paper describes the development of a new class of microsensor suitable for the automotive market, to be manufactured using an emergent technology known as LIGA, a process uniquely capable of the mass-production of three-dimensional microstructures of comparatively great structural height, opening up prospects for the economic manufacture of very much more sophisticated automotive microsensors than has hitherto been possible. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 887751.
The Surgeon General's Report and special‐needs patients: a framework for action for children and their caregivers (2001)

The Surgeon General's Report, Oral Health in America, is the first comprehensive assessment of oral, dental, and craniofacial health in the history of our nation. The intent of this first-ever Report is to alert Americans to the full meaning of oral health and its importance to general health and well-being across the lifespan. Moreover, the Report has been released at a time in human history of enormous changes as well as opportunities. The convergence of public health policies, "quality of life" expectations, global informatics, a new century of biotechnology, the completion of the Human Genome Project, changes in the management of health care, and the acknowledgment of enormous health disparities herald a call to action. These profound dynamics particularly affect children and their caregivers and the multitude of social, economic, and health issues associated with special patients and developmental disabilities. This paper will highlight the issues, provide recommendations, and suggest a call to action.
Effects of Fluorogibberellins on Plant Growth and Gibberellin 3r -Hydroxylases (1998)

3rβ-Fluorogibberellin A9 (3rβ-fluoro-GA9), 3rβfluoro-GA20, 3rβ-fluorodeoxygibberellin C (3rβ-fluoro-DGC) and 13-fluoro-GA9 were prepared, and their effects on plant growth and gibberellin (GA) 3rβ-hydroxyIases were examined. 3rβ-Fluoro-GA9 and 3rβ-fluoro-GA20 promoted the growth of dwarf rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Tan-ginbozu) seedlings to three times higher than the control seedlings at a dosage of 3 μ plant−1, and 3rβfluoro-DGC to twice higher at the same dosage. 3rβg-Fluoro-GA9 was active in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hypocotyl assay, its activity being about one-thirtieth as much as that of GA4. 3rβ-Fluoro-GAs were active per se in promoting the shoot elongation of rice. 3rβ-Fluoro-DGC inhibited the 3rβ-hydroxylation of [3H2]GA9 to [3H]GA4 by GA rβ-hydroxylase from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), but 3rβ-fluoro-GA9 and 3rβ-fluoro-GA20 did not show any effects on the enzyme activity. These 3rβ-fluoro-GAs also showed no or only a weak inhibitory effect on the rβ-hydroxylase from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.). 13-Fluoro-GA9 promoted growth of rice and cucumber seedlings, and inhibited the 3rβ-hydroxylases from both bean and cucumber. 13-Fluoro-GA9was converted into 13-fluoro-GA4 and 2,3-didehydro-13-fluoro-GA9, in a cell-free system from bean, and conversion of 13-fluoro-GA9 into 13-fluoro-GA4 was also observed in a cell-free system from pumpkin. These results suggest that 13-fluoro-GA9 is one of the substrates of GA 3rβ-hydroxy-lases, and that 13-fluoro-GA9 is active as a result of the conversion to 13-fluoro-GA4 in rice and cucumber seedlings.
Apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses, serum apolipoproteins, and carotid intima-media thickness in T1D (2018)

Circulating apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses (ADLS) and apolipoproteins predict vascular events in the general and type 2 diabetes populations, but data in T1D are limited. We examined associations of ADLS, serum apolipoproteins, and conventional lipids with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured contemporaneously and 6 years later in 417 T1D participants [men: n = 269, age 42 ± 6 y (mean ± SD); women: n = 148, age 39 ± 8 y] in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study, the follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Date were analyzed by multiple linear regression stratified by sex, and adjusted for time-averaged hemoglobin A1C, diabetes duration, hypertension, BMI, albuminuria, DCCT randomization, smoking, statin treatment, and ultrasound devices. In cross-sectional analyses, lipoprotein B (Lp-B), Lp-B:C, Lp-B:E+Lp-B:C:E, Apo-A-II, Apo-B, Apo-C-III-HP (heparin precipitate; i.e., Apo-C-III in Apo-B-containing lipoproteins), and Apo-E were positively associated with common and/or internal carotid IMT in men, but only Apo-C-III (total) was (positively) associated with internal carotid IMT in women. In prospective analyses, Lp-B, Apo-B, and Apo-C-III-HP were positively associated with common and/or internal carotid IMT in men, while Lp-A1:AII and Apo-A1 were inversely associated with internal carotid IMT in women. The only significant prospective association between conventional lipids and IMT was between triacylglycerols and internal carotid IMT in men. ADLS and apolipoprotein concentrations may provide sex-specific biomarkers and suggest mechanisms for IMT in people with T1D.
Classifying combined hardware/software R models (2005)

The need for a combined hardware/software reliability model is increasing day by day; the need is due, among other factors, to increasing software induced hardware failures which endanger system missions. On the other hand, already-developed models have not completely fulfilled this need. In this paper, the relevant literature is reviewed and a classification scheme for reliability models based upon model requirements, users' objectives and other related criteria is given. Some existing models are classified according to this scheme. Finally, from a macro point of view, the statement of the combined system reliability problem is approached, several areas of conflict are identified and some general conclusions are presented which may help to provide a better understanding of the problem and its eventual solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Phenylaziridines with Allylsilanes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.