gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin Surge-Induced Up-Regulation of the Plasminogen Activators (Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator) and the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Within Bovine Periovulatory Follicular and Luteal Tissue1 (2002)

This study examined the effect of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge on the temporal and spatial regulation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and uPA receptor (uPAR) mRNA expression and tPA, uPA, and plasmin activity in bovine preovulatory follicles and new corpora lutea collected at approximately 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h after a GnRH-induced gonadotropin surge. Messenger RNAs for tPA, uPA, and uPAR were increased in a temporally specific fashion within 24 h of the gonadotropin surge. Localization of tPA mRNA was primarily to the granulosal layer, whereas both uPA and uPAR mRNAs were detected in both the granulosal and thecal layers and adjacent ovarian stroma. Activity for tPA was increased in follicular fluid and the preovulatory follicle apex and base within 12 h after the gonadotropin surge. The increase in tPA activity in the follicle base was transient, whereas the increased activity in the apex was maintained through the 24 h time point. Activity for uPA increased in the follicle apex and base within 12 h of the gonadotropin surge and remained elevated. Plasmin activity in follicular fluid also increased within 12 h after the preovulatory gonadotropin surge and was greatest at 24 h. Our results indicate that mRNA expression and enzyme activity for both tPA and uPA are increased in a temporally and spatially specific manner in bovine preovulatory follicles after exposure to a gonadotropin surge. Increased plasminogen activator and plasmin activity may be a contributing factor in the mechanisms of follicular rupture in cattle.
Mapping the Compaction of Discrete Polymer Chains by Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2019)

We introduce a powerful approach based on the combination of size exclusion chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry to selectively follow the compaction of discrete polymer chains that have uniform elemental composition. Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) have attracted considerable interest for a wide range of applications associated with their adjustable morphology. However, the precise characterization of morphological changes during the compaction is still challenging using existing analysis techniques. We employ a polystyrene backbone functionalized with tetrazole and fumarate moieties to utilize the nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole–ene cycloaddition for compaction. As every compaction step is associated with an elimination of one nitrogen molecule, it can be monitored via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The combination with size exclusion chromatography enables the direct correlation of changes in mass with changes in morphology associated with the compaction. By establishing a calibration between the retention time and the hydrodynamic radius, ion chromatograms of discrete chains can be directly applied to determine the reduction in hydrodynamic radius associated with each cross-linking event. Therefore, accessing the compaction of discrete polymer chains becomes possible for the first time.
Wave slamming on a horizontal plate (2009)

The design of coastal and offshore structures requires a thorough understanding of environmental loading, particularly due to waves. Structural elements such as decks located in the splash zone encounter intermittent contact with the water, and the loads associated with the water impact may be several times larger than those experienced by elements when fully submerged. These forces may give rise to localized damage and to fatigue problems. Such structures should clearly be designed to account for wave impact, in addition to more general wave loading. Several studies have reported the related problems of ship bottom slamming, missile entry and sea plane landing. Although previous studies have contributed to an improved understanding of wave impact, there is still considerable uncertainty in the estimation of impact loads on structural elements near the water surface. In this context, the present study has been carried out to examine the wave loads on a fixed horizontal plate located near the still water level. Experiments were conducted in the wave flume of the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of British Columbia. A plate, 60.0 cm long, 20.0 cm wide and 6.25 mm thick, was instrumented with load-cells to measure the vertical force on the plate due to waves. The plate was supported by two vertical rods through the load-cells which were connected to a cross shaft mounted on bearings at the ends. Tests were conducted over a range of wave periods and wave heights in combination with different plate clearances above the still water level. The vertical reactions at the two supports were measured, and the time histories of vertical force and its line of action are thereby obtained. The wave surface elevations at the leading and rear end of the plate were measured with the plate absent. Results are presented in the form of force time histories, their lines of action and the associated water surface elevation. An analysis of these time histories is carried out to obtain various parameters of wave impact which include, the peak upward and downward force, their lines of action and times of occurrence, and the associated wetted lengths. The influence of incident wave parameters on these is investigated. Video images are studied to understand the impact process and to identify the difficulties involved in the investigation. An attempt is also made to predict the vertical force based on the hydrodynamic impact, drag and buoyancy forces.
Substrate Ambiguity and Catalytic Promiscuity Within a Bacterial Proteome Probed by an Easy Phenotypic Screen for Aldehydes (2005)

Das Licht erblickt: Ein gekoppelter Assay mit bakterieller Luciferase ermöglicht ein gemeinsames Lichtemissions-Screening für eine Vielzahl potenzieller Biotransformationen. Beim Screening des E.-coli-Proteoms bezüglich der Oxidation einfacher Alkohole zu guten und schlechten Luciferase-Substraten wurden Beispiele für Substratmehrdeutigkeit und Katalysatorpromiskuität gefunden. Reaktionen, die zu Aldehyden führen, können so einfach untersucht werden. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z503031_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Information Theoretic Approach of Designing Sparse Kernel Adaptive Filters (2009)

This paper discusses an information theoretic approach of designing sparse kernel adaptive filters. To determine useful data to be learned and remove redundant ones, a subjective information measure called surprise is introduced. Surprise captures the amount of information a datum contains which is transferable to a learning system. Based on this concept, we propose a systematic sparsification scheme, which can drastically reduce the time and space complexity without harming the performance of kernel adaptive filters. Nonlinear regression, short term chaotic time-series prediction, and long term time-series forecasting examples are presented.
<i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Chikungunya Virus in Mice and <i>Aedes</i> Mosquitoes Using a <i>Renilla</i> Luciferase Clone (2011)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that in humans causes an acute febrile illness characterized by fever, arthralgia, and rash. It is currently associated with large outbreaks in Asia, Africa, and islands of the Indian Ocean and has been introduced from these tropical regions into Europe, where local transmission has been recorded on two occasions. The underlying basis of the pathogenesis of CHIKV and related alphaviruses that produce similar symptoms remains unclear. By applying new techniques, for example, in vivo imaging in live animals and arthropods, we may improve our understanding of viral pathogenesis in vertebrates and viral replication in mosquitoes. This technical report describes the evaluation of a CHIKV?luciferase clone to visualize infection and dissemination in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and mice. In mosquitoes, luciferase activity was seen at 3 and 7 days post-infection in both head and abdomens. In vivo imaging of CHIKV-luciferase was detected in mice for up to 5 days post-infection at the site of inoculation with limited dissemination to the skeletal muscle.
Mechanisms inducing compressive stress during electrodeposition of Ni (2004)

The evolution of stress during electrodeposition of Ni films on Au substrates has been investigated as a function of bath chemistry and deposition conditions to examine the microstructural origins of the compressive stress observed during deposition from an additive-free sulfamate bath. Three likely mechanisms for the generation of compressive stress in this system were investigated: interstitial hydrogen/impurity incorporation, capillarity stress, and a chemical-potential gradient driven atom incorporation model. Only the last model, the chemical-potential gradient model, could not be discounted as the active mechanism. However, further study is required to verify that this is the primary compressive stress generation mechanism.
Multi-Modal Assessment and Treatment of Chronic Headache: The First in a Series of Case Studies (2012)

The treatment of headache is challenging, and is made more so by the fragmentation of medicine into clinical specialties. Physiologically, migraine headache is a systemic event, affecting multiple neurophysiological systems. Treatment often calls for a multidisciplinary approach. Research supports the efficacy of both general biofeedback and, to a lesser extent, neurofeedback in the treatment of headache, including migraine. Abnormal electrophysiological patterns, detectable with quantitative EEG, are frequently found in patients with migraine, especially after closed head injury. Research has also shown the frequent presence of trigger point activity in several areas of the musculature of the head and neck in headache patients, including those with migraine. Finally, the role of stress has been reported in the onset and exacerbation of headache pain. The authors provide a case study showing the application of quantitative EEG, surface electromyography (SEMG), and psychophysiological stress profiling in the assessment of a 56-year-old female with closed head injury and migraine headache. The treatment included myofascial massage with trigger point release, SEMG training to balance asymmetric muscle tension patterns, and a stress management program, including guided visualization and breath training. This comprehensive intervention produced a significant reduction in headache symptoms and an improvement in work productivity.
OC37: The association of isolated mid‐trimester short femur with perinatal outcome (2007)

To evaluate the incidence and practical significance of short femur length as an isolated finding at mid-trimester sonography in women who have had Down syndrome screening by the integrated test. This was a retrospective cohort study of 1262 women booked for antenatal care and delivery at University College London Hospital. All women had integrated testing in late first trimester and a detailed anomaly scan in mid-trimester. Isolated short femur (SF) was characterized as femur length < 5th centile with otherwise normal biometry without any anomalies. All scan reports, screening results and neonatal data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 11.0 software. Some 5.1% of patients had a short femur and 4.7% had isolated SF. Pregnancies with isolated SF were significantly associated with low PAPP-A levels (P = 0.001). Women with an isolated SF fetus delivered babies with a significantly lower birth weight (P = 0.008) and had a higher rate of SGA (P = 0.004) and LBW (P = 0.04) babies compared to controls. Isolated SF was not associated with gestational hypertension, preterm delivery or low Apgar score. This study demonstrates that short femur, even as an isolated finding at mid-trimester, is associated with fetal growth restriction. The measurement of femur length is part of the routine scan done at 18–22 weeks. We believe that a finding of SF in mid-trimester, on the background of a normal Down syndrome screening test and anomaly scan, should be regarded as a predictor for SGA and that these patients warrant frequent antenatal monitoring and serial fetal growth scans in pregnancy.
Evolution of C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub> Carborane Chemistry: From Early Years to the Present (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Computer Laboratory System (1990)

ABSTRACT The collection of data concerning well characteristics, cement properties, and corresponding cement tests has been of primary interest to field operators, laboratory technicians, and service companies. Such data provides the designer a tool which allows him to critically evaluate past jobs in order to design a cement system for a particular well. It is therefore important that the data can be retrieved for this purpose. Previously, data was stored using a paper filing system. Difficulties encountered with such a system were loss or misplacement of data, and inaccessibility of data at critical times. The determination of correlations between well and slurry characteristics becomes difficult if not impossible. Computer data filing of well characteristics, slurry design, and test results aids in archiving and retrieving of cement information. One such system is a menu-driven PC software package written to fulfill the needs of field and laboratory personnel. Using this system, analysis required for job designs can be performed without the inconvenience of manual searching in a paper filing system. This paper discusses the implementation of such a system in an actual laboratory environment. Added features such as automatic reporting and computing, locating needed information, and networking further increase laboratory efficiency, thus promoting faster turnaround time for creating job designs.
Collaborative Learning to Improve the Non-uniqueness of NMF (2022)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised algorithm for clustering where a non-negative data matrix is factorized into (usually) two matrices with the property that all the matrices have no negative elements. This factorization raises the problem of instability, which means whenever we run NMF for the same dataset, we get different factorization. In order to solve the problem of non-uniqueness and to have a more stable solution, we propose a new approach that consists on collaborating different NMF models followed by a consensus. The proposed approach was validated on several datasets and the experimental results showed the effectiveness of our approach which is based on the reducing of standard reconstruction error in NMF model.
The spatial structure of the lowest ion-acoustic instability modes in the high-current discharge of CW argon ion lasers (2003)

The cross-sectional structure of the two lowest ion-acoustic instability modes in the positive column of a cylindrical, high-current discharge, traditionally used as an active medium in CW ion gas lasers, has been investigated. The diameter and length of the discharge column in our experiments were 16 mm and 1 m, respectively, and the discharge current was 250–350 A. Under these conditions, the observed mode frequencies were ν1 = 190 kHz and ν 2 = 390 kHz. To obtain the spatial structure of these modes, time-resolved integral projections of spontaneous argon-plasma emission were measured in planes normal to the discharge axis. From the power spectra of the measured projections, the structures of the modes ν1 and ν 2 were reconstructed using computerized tomography algorithms. Based on available theoretical models of the instability, the modes have been identified as the (1, 1) and, tentatively, the (1, 2) modes of oscillation.
Composite expansions for active and inactive motions in the streamwise Reynolds stress of turbulent boundary layers (2008)

The proper scaling and prediction of the streamwise Reynolds stress in turbulent boundary layers has been a controversial issue for more than a decade as its Reynolds Number dependence can not be removed by normal scaling. One issue that may explain the unusual behavior of the streamwise Reynolds stress is that it is affected by both active and inactive motions per the Townsend hypothesis. The goal of this research is to develop a composite expansion for the streamwise Reynolds stress in turbulent boundary layers that considers active and inactive motions, explains various Reynolds Number dependencies, and agrees with available data. vi Data for the Reynolds shear stress and the streamwise Reynolds stress from six sources are evaluated and as appropriate plotted on inner and outer scales. A new asymptotic representation for the Reynolds shear stress, +, that meets the requirements for a proper composite expansion is developed and applied. This new Reynolds shear stress composite expansion agrees with data and allows predictions of + for any Reynolds Number. The streamwise Reynolds stress, +, can be separated into active and inactive parts and the Reynolds shear stress can be used to represent the active part. The inactive streamwise Reynolds stress, #, is separated from the complete + in part of this work. An outer correlation equation with the correct asymptotic limits for the inactive streamwise Reynolds stress is developed and shown to fit the outer part of the # data. A separate inner correlation equation for inner inactive streamwise Reynolds stress is developed and fit to data. Together these two equations form a composite expansion for the inactive streamwise Reynolds stress for flat plate boundary layers. This composite expansion for the inactive streamwise Reynolds stress can be combined with the Reynolds shear stress expansion to produce predictions for + that agree with data. Thus a composite expansion for predicting the streamwise Reynolds stress in turbulent boundary layers is developed and shown to reproduce the correct trends, to
<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>isolations from Mexican and Swedish patients, with repeated symptomatic and/or asymptomatic diarrhoea episodes (1989)

The presence of different Campylobacter jejuni serotypes in Swedish patients with diarrhoea and in Mexican patients with or without diarrhoea was investigated with special reference to repeated isolations during the course of infection and to symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes. The study included 136 C. jejuni isolates from 62 Mexican children and 173 isolates from 68 Swedish patients. The bacteria were serotyped for heat-stable (HS) and heat-labile (HL) antigen. Swedish patients, all with symptoms, were in general only infected with one serotype and were rarely reinfected. Mexican patients on the other hand were in general infected with mixed serotypes and frequently reinfected without symptoms with new, different serotypes, a finding which is in concordance with a theory of an induced immunity to surface antigens.
Identification of Glutamic Acid 186 Affinity-Labeled by 2,3-Epoxypropyl α-D-Glucopyranoside in Soybean β-Amylase (1989)

Soybean beta-amylase was modified with 2,3-epoxypropyl alpha-D-[U-14C]glucopyranoside ([14C]alpha-EPG), a radioactive affinity-labeling reagent for beta-amylase, until it lost 95% of its enzyme activity. After S-carboxymethylation at pH 8.0 of SH groups, the modified enzyme was digested at pH 7.0 with Achromobacter protease I and the digest was fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC. A radioactive peptide was finally isolated and its amino acid sequence was determined to be 181Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Glu186. Radioactivity derived from [14C]-alpha-EPG was found exclusively at Glu-186, the gamma-carboxyl group of which is esterified with the affinity label. It was concluded that the carboxylate of Glu-186 is a functional group at the catalytic site of soybean beta-amylase.
Pain as sign of recurrent disease in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2001)

This study confirms that each pain complaint after intentional curative treatment should be regarded as a warning sign. Recurrence of disease without preceding pain complaints (30%) emphasizes the importance of a thorough follow-up.
LPOS: Location Privacy for Optimal Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2014)

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) enable opportunistic access to the licensed channel resources by allowing unlicensed users to exploit vacant channel opportunities. One effective technique through which unlicensed users, often referred to as Secondary Users (SUs), acquire whether a channel is vacant is cooperative spectrum sensing. Despite its effectiveness in enabling CRN access, cooperative sensing suffers from location privacy threats, merely because the sensing reports that need to be exchanged among the SUs to perform the sensing task are highly correlated to the SUs' locations. In this paper, we develop a new Location Privacy for Optimal Sensing (LPOS) scheme that preserves the location privacy of SUs while achieving optimal sensing performance through voting-based sensing. In addition, LPOS is the only alternative among existing CRN location privacy preserving schemes (to the best of our knowledge) that ensures high privacy, achieves fault tolerance, and is robust against the highly dynamic and wireless nature of CRNs.
Hydrometallurgical processing of a ferrous cake accompanied by nonferrous-metal recovery and pigment production (2007)

Balance experiments have been carried out on the application of a flow chart developed for the sulfite conversion of Fe(OH)3 (which is the dump waste product of nonferrous metallurgy) into an iron oxide pigment. The technological parameters of the technological stages are refined. The specific features of the distribution of components in this pigment are revealed.
The Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Colorectal Polyps in Peaple under 50 Years Old (2002)

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of the colorectal polyps in people under 50 years old. Methods From January to August 2001, the colonoscopic finding and pathologic reports of 527 patients under 50 years old who underwent colonoscopy were reviewed retrospectively. The advanced polyp was defined as an adenoma more than 10mm in diameter or with the histology of villous or high grade dysplasia. Results Total 94 colonic polyps(17.8%) were analyzed. On age distribution, 65 cases(69.1%) were in forth decade, 25 cases(26.6%) in third decade. Abdominal pain(29.8%) was the most common cause of taking the colonoscopic examination followed by rectal bleeding(18.1%), asymptomatic screening(12.7%). Rectosigmoid area was the most common site of polyps in 63.8%. On the pathologic review, adenoma was found 55.1%, inflammatory polyp 38.5% and hyperplastic polyp 6.4%. Advanced adenomas were 17.9%(17/156) and adenomas with focal carcinomatous changes were 1.9%(3/156). Patients who had symptoms of abdominal pain or rectal bleeding, multiple polyps or familial history of colorectal cancer had a higher prevalence of advanced adenoma than that of non-advanced adenoma(p<0.05). Conclusion This study showed that major symptoms of patients with advanced polyps under 50 years old were abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. The symptoms, multiplicity of polyp and family history were important indicator of advanced polyps. Further study was needed for reasonable indication and cost effectiveness for colonoscopic examination in young age people.