gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TEXTUAL DATA AUGMENTATION FOR NEURAL NETWORKS (2019)

Data augmentation is one of the ways of dealing with labeled data scarcity and overfitting. Both these problems are crucial for modern deep learning algorithms which require massive amounts of data. The problem is better explored in the context of image analysis than for text. This work is a step forward to close this gap. We propose a method for augmenting textual data when training convolutional neural networks for sentence classification. The augumentation is based on the substitution of words using a thesaurus as well as the Princeton WordNet. Our method improves upon the baseline in almost all cases. In terms of accuracy the best of the variants is 1.2% (pp.) better than the baseline.
Back to Basics (2011)

I was very moved by "The Sacraments of Sister Thecla" (Reflections, May) and appreciate Madeleine Mysko's sentiments. I, too, was first trained in nursing in the late 1960s and remember well the gravity given to the care and comfort of the hospitalized patient. I had so much anxiety about giving the therapeutic bed bath and back rub! For years I prided myself on my ability to perform an amazing backrub. Evening care was always such a nice time—when we could connect intimately with the patient and convey our warmest regards. In my head I know we have more important things to do as professional nurses, but in my heart I'm truly not so sure. Suzanne Lee, MS, RN, CNS-BC Anoka, MN
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions from biomass burning in Australia (2003)

We identify dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) as the major reduced sulfur‐containing gas emitted from bushfires in Australia's Northern Territory. Like dimethyl sulfide (DMS), DMDS is oxidized in the atmosphere to sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), which are intermediates in the formation of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). The mixing ratios of DMDS and DMS were the highest we have ever detected, with maximum values of 113 and 35 ppbv, respectively, whereas background values were below the detection limit (10 pptv). Molar emission ratios relative to carbon monoxide (CO) were [1.6 ± 0.1] × 10 −5 and [6.2 ± 0.3] × 10 −6 , for DMDS and DMS respectively, while molar emission ratios relative to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were [4.7 ± 0.4] × 10 −6 and [1.4 ± 0.4] × 10 −7 , respectively. Assuming these observations are representative of biomass burning, we estimate that biomass burning could yield up to 175 Gg/yr of DMDS (119 Gg S/yr) and 13 Gg/yr of DMS.
Alternate method for grafting thermoresponsive polymer for transferring <i>in vitro</i> cell sheet structures (2007)

Abstract Retrieval of cells for various applications involves enzymatic or mechanical methods that hamper the cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) binding. Poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) is a known temperature‐sensitive polymer that exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 32°C and is hydrophobic over LCST and hydrophilic below LCST. PIPAAm‐grafted culture surface can be used for detaching adhered cells by lowering the temperature below LCST. In this study, polymerization and grafting of PIPPAm was done by gamma (γ) ray irradiation instead of the conventional method of electron beam irradiation. The efficacy of the grafted surface was confirmed by the successful growth of different cell lines such as L‐929, NRK‐49F, HOS, and SIRC. The cell sheet structures with intact cell–cell and cell–ECM contact was detached by lowering incubation temperature below 20°C. Live–dead staining of cells before and after transfer showed that cell sheet structures maintained viability. This approach of synthesizing thermoresponsive surface by γ‐ray irradiation method can be used to culture many other cell types and could be utilized to prepare in vitro tissue constructs for bioengineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Genetic variation of clock genes and cancer risk: a field synopsis and meta-analysis (2017)

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between clock genes' germline variants and the risk of developing cancer. To assess result credibility, summary evidence was graded according to the Venice criteria and false positive report probability (FPRP) was calculated to further validate result noteworthiness. Subgroup meta-analysis was also performed based on participant features and tumor type. The breast cancer subgroup was further stratified by work conditions, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status and menopausal status, conditions associated with the risk of breast cancer in different studies.
White-collar crime: Holding a mirror to the core (1993)

Despite advances in scholarship and raised consciousness about upperworld lawlessness, the specialty of white-collar crime remains entrenched on the discipline's periphery. One consequence is that many students receive a criminal justice education which distorts the social reality of crime. We argue that knowledge about white-collar crime can be used to “hold a mirror” to the traditional core of criminology, which in turn allows students to reconsider limited assumptions about crime. Thus we believe that the standard criminal justice curriculum should educate students—indeed, should include a course—on white-collar crime. For those wishing to develop the expertise to teach white-collar crime, we offer a list of scholarly works that will provide “cultural literacy” in this area.
Preparation of SiO <sub>2</sub> Glass from Model Powder Compacts: II, Sintering (1984)

The sintering behavior of powder compacts formed from spherical, nearly monosized SiO 2 particles was investigated. Highly ordered compacts sintered to high density and translucency at 1000°C. In contrast, less homogeneous samples prepared from flocculated suspensions remained highly porous after sintering under the same conditions. Densification kinetics were determined over the temperature range 900° to 1050°C for ordered compacts. The viscosity at each sintering temperature and the activation energy for viscous flow were determined using available sintering models. Sintering of ordered compacts is divided into several stages. Densification, mercury porosimetry, and electron microscopy results indicate that the first stage is dominated by the shrinkage of three‐particle pore channels, whereas the second stage primarily involves the shrinkage of four‐particle pore channels.
The use of portable radiometry to assess Raynaud's phenomenon: a practical alternative to thermal imaging (2001)

The two instruments performed equally well and the differences between them in their absolute measurements did not influence their ability to detect RP. Portable radiometry provides a practical, cheap, accurate and reliable alternative to thermal imaging and has the potential to be used in range of clinical and epidemiological settings.
CD28 signaling causes a sustained down-regulation of I kappa B alpha which can be prevented by the immunosuppressant rapamycin. (1994)

CD28, an important T cell surface molecule, mediates a costimulatory signal in the activation of T cell immune responses. CD28 signaling is resistant to the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) but sensitive to the immunosuppressant rapamycin. CD28 costimulation induces transcription from the interleukin (IL)-2 promoter via the CD28 response element. The levels of c-Rel, a CD28 response element-binding factor, were found previously to be increased by CD28 costimulation. Therefore, we focused our present study on the mechanism(s) of c-Rel up-regulation by CD28 signaling in Jurkat T cells. In this paper, we showed that CD28 costimulation accelerated the kinetics of nuclear translocation of c-Rel. We showed that CD28 signaling, distinct from other stimuli such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caused a sustained down-regulation of the inhibitor I kappa B alpha in Jurkat T cells. However, the levels of two other c-Rel inhibitors, namely NFKB1 (p105) and NFKB2 (p100), were not affected. Remarkably, the CD28-mediated down-regulation of I kappa B alpha was prevented by rapamycin but not by CsA. The counter-regulation of I kappa B alpha by CD28 signaling and rapamycin observed in Jurkat T cells is also reproducible in primary T cells. In contrast, the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin-mediated down-regulation of I kappa B alpha was prevented by CsA but not by rapamycin. Our data suggest that I kappa B alpha is the down-stream target of both CD28 signaling and rapamycin; a continued down-regulation of I kappa B alpha by CD28 costimulation leads to enhanced nuclear translocation of c-Rel, which in turn causes a sustained up-regulation of IL-2 gene expression.
Analeptics. 1-Formimidoylindolines (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnaleptics. 1-FormimidoylindolinesYao-Hua Wu, Walter G. Lobeck Jr., and John W. KisselCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 5, 975–977Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00299a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00299a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Streptococcal Antagonism in Oral Biofilms:<i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>and<i>Streptococcus gordonii</i>Interference with<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (2008)

Biofilms are polymicrobial, with diverse bacterial species competing for limited space and nutrients. Under healthy conditions, the different species in biofilms maintain an ecological balance. This balance can be disturbed by environmental factors and interspecies interactions. These perturbations can enable dominant growth of certain species, leading to disease. To model clinically relevant interspecies antagonism, we studied three well-characterized and closely related oral species, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, and cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. S. sanguinis and S. gordonii used oxygen availability and the differential production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to compete effectively against S. mutans. Interspecies antagonism was influenced by glucose with reduced production of H(2)O(2). Furthermore, aerobic conditions stimulated the competence system and the expression of the bacteriocin mutacin IV of S. mutans, as well as the H(2)O(2)-dependent release of heterologous DNA from mixed cultures of S. sanguinis and S. gordonii. These data provide new insights into ecological factors that determine the outcome of competition between pioneer colonizing oral streptococci and the survival mechanisms of S. mutans in the oral biofilm.
Supervisory control of mobile robots using Sensory EgoSphere (2002)

Describes the supervisory control of mobile robots using a biologically inspired short-term memory structure called a Sensory EgoSphere. The EgoSphere is implemented as a virtual geodesic dome upon which sensory data from the surroundings of the robot are written. The EgoSphere is managed by a distinct agent in a distributed agent-based robot control architecture called the Intelligent Machine Architecture. The paper also describes a human-robot interface and a testbed for evaluating the control system.
Enhanced Video Stream Switching Schemes for H.264 (2005)

Two enhanced video stream switching schemes for H.264 are proposed aiming at prompt switching among compressed video streams coded at different quality levels and bit rates. The stream switching scheme using primary and secondary SP/SI pictures in H.264 is effective in switching, but degrades the compression efficiency of the transmitted stream even if the switching operation does not take place. In the two proposed schemes, no modification is made to the original compressed streams (namely, no primary SP picture is adopted) so that compression efficiency is maintained at switching points. As a result, switching points can be assigned flexibly in our enhanced schemes according to the need of applications and network conditions without worrying about the bit rate overhead. When switching occurs, the proposed schemes use a new picture type-DIFF (difference picture) in different ways to compensate the mismatch of reference frames. The first proposed scheme is designed to simplify the implementation while the second scheme is designed to further reduce the bit rate overhead. It is shown by experimental results that both of the proposed schemes outperform the switching scheme defined in H.264 and they are able to realize prompt stream switching without noticeable quality degradation and have a small bit rate overhead only when the actual switching operation occurs
Firmware development and testing of the ATLAS IBL Back Of Crate card (2015)

ATLAS is one of the four big LHC experiments and currently its Pixel Detector was upgraded with a new innermost 4th layer: the Insertable B-Layer (IBL). The upgrade will result in better tracking efficiency and compensate radiation damages of the Pixel-Detector. Newly developed front-end electronics and the higher than originally planned LHC luminosity required a complete re-design of the Off Detector Electronics consisting of the Back Of Crate card (BOC) and the Read Out Driver (ROD). The main purpose of the BOC card is the distribution of the LHC clock to all Pixel Detector components as well as interfacing the detector and the higher level readout optically. The data-path to the detector is running a 40 MHz bi phase mark (BPM) encoded stream. The 160 MHz 8b10b encoded data path from the detector is phase and word aligned in the firmware and then forwarded to the ROD after decoding. The ROD will send out the processed data which is then forwarded to the higher level readout by the BOC card. An overview of the firmware which has been developed, will be presented together with the results from production tests and the system test at CERN. One focus will be the partial reconfiguration and results of the fine delay measurements.
Simultaneous multiwavelength detection based on surface plasmon resonance technique (2000)

The present article covers a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument based on simultaneous multiwavelength detection. The sensing principle of a traditional SPR device is based on fixing a discrete excitation wavelength and modulating the angle of incident light. The SPR-reflected spectra are shown in terms of reflected light intensity versus angle of incident light. The instrument presented here is designed on the basis of fixing the angle of incident light and measuring the change of resonant wavelength in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. The SPR spectra are shown in terms of reflected light intensity versus wavelength of the incident light. The intensity of the reflected light is the minimum at the resonant wavelength. With the aid of the device, some chemical sensors and immunosensors, such as the thiolate chemical sensor, the fibrin immunosensor, and the albumin immunosensor were developed. The kinetic processes of formation of various sensing monolayers were studied in real time through observing the change of resonant wavelength. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:104–107, 2000
Nocardia coeliaca, Nocardia autotrophica, and the Nocardin Strain (1974)

Gray and Thornton’s strain (ATCC 17041) of Mycobacterium coeliacum, here designated as the type strain of this species (which was later transferred to the genus Nocardia as Nocardia coeliaca), is a strain of M. rhodochrous (tentative generic assignment). The strain producing the antibiotic nocardin and similar strains, however, have been mistakenly labeled N. coeliaca. This report presents some of the characteristics of 27 of these mislabeled strains and demonstrates their close relationship to the type strain of N. autotrophica (Takamiya and Tubaki) Hirsch. The nocardin-producing strain and others like it are, therefore, assigned to N. autotrophica.
Zoosporic Marine Fungi (Thraustochytriaceae and Dermocystidiaceae) (1973)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
The Interaction of Human Plasma Retinol-binding Protein with Prealbumin (1973)

Abstract The interaction of human plasma retinol-binding protein with plasma prealbumin was studied by the techniques of velocity ultracentrifugation and polarization of retinol fluorescence. In the first method the unbound fraction of retinol-binding protein, which sediments more slowly than its complexes with prealbumin, was measured by its absorption. A stoichiometry of retinol-binding protein to prealbumin, 4:1 was found. The polarization of fluorescence of retinol increases when retinol-binding protein combines with prealbumin; the relaxation time of retinol-binding protein was 6.6 x 10-8 s at 25° and increased to 28 x 10-8 s for the complex. The polarization data indicate that there are four independent binding sites with an apparent association constant of approximately 1.2 x 106 m-1 at 25° and pH 7.4. The affinity was maximal near pH 7.4 and decreased gradually at lower and higher pH values. Between pH 6.0 and 9.4, the extent of interaction between retinol-binding protein and prealbumin was dependent on ionic strength. In this pH range almost no binding occurred without added salt and the affinity increased rapidly with increasing KCl concentration to 0.1 m. At pH values below 6 the interaction was less dependent on ionic strength and became independent at pH 4.2.
Tensile strength of high speed proof tested fiber optics (2002)

Using the "Statistical Theory of Fracture for Brittle Materials" and performing tests for long lengths of fibers at distinct proof stresses and different velocities, the performance of a high velocity test machine and detected level of damage in the fiber samples, are assessed. To confirm the damage and to know the strength of the fiber samples after proof tests, tensile tests were performed.
Construction technique of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete in super long building (2000)

The engineering practice shows that the application of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete on super long reinforced concrete structure has the advantages to prevent the non structure cracks caused by temperature. It eliminates the bad effect of expanded joint on building design, construction quality and project cost.
An inherited connective tissue disease in the horse. (1988)

The hyperextensible, fragile skin of two related horses was compared with the skin of eight normal horses. Skin sections were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The deep dermal layer of the dorsal abdomen was much thinner in the affected horses, and contained bundles of collagen fibers which were more loosely packed. Within individual fibers, the fibrils were frequently curved and nonparallel rather than straight and parallel. Both of the affected animals had a greater range of fibril diameters than a normal horse. They had some unusually thick fibrils with very irregular outlines in cross-sections, not observed in the normal animal. Other skin samples were subjected to acetic acid extraction, pepsin digestion, amino acid analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the skin of the two affected horses, the proportion of total extracted collagen which was acid-soluble was twice as high as in two normal horses. Collagen types I and III were present in similar proportions in normal and affected horses, and the collagen chains were of normal molecular weights. The disorder resembles the group described by Minor (Minor RR: Am J Pathol 98: 226, 1980) as 'dominant collagen packing defect I' which has been reported in dogs, mink, and cats, and which shares features with Ehlers Danlos Syndrome I, II, and III in man. The pedigree data available for these horses suggest an autosomal recessive mutation, but are also consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance.
ASTRA project monitors atmospheric pollution (1971)

Astronomy, a field for which few have claimed relevance, is now becoming relevant to a pressing problem, atmospheric pollution. It turns out that those pesky atmospheric contaminants that have been annoying astronomers looking at the sun and other stars, have been leaving tell-tale lines on spectra, which can be measured to infer their presence and strength. Serendipitously, for decades observatories throughout the world have been collecting plates from which such pollution data can be inferred, which can now be used to establish trends, either regionally or globally.
Dependence of maltose transport and chemotaxis on the amount of maltose-binding protein. (2021)

Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is essential for maltose transport and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. To perform these functions it must interact with two sets of cytoplasmic membrane proteins, the MalFGK transport complex and the chemotactic signal transducer Tar. MBP is present at high concentrations, on the order of 1 mM, in the periplasm of maltose-induced or malTc constitutive cells. To determine how the amount of MBP affects transport and taxis, we utilized a series of malE signal-sequence mutations that interfere with export of MBP. The MBP content in shock fluid from cells carrying the various mutations ranged from 4 to 23% of the malE+ level. The apparent Km for maltose transport varied by less than a factor of 2 among malE+ and mutant strains. At a saturating maltose concentration 9% (approximately 90 microM) of the malE+ amount of MBP was required for half-maximal uptake rates. Transport exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on the amount of periplasmic MBP, indicating that MBP may be involved in a cooperative interaction at some stage of the transport process. The chemotactic response to a saturating maltose stimulus exhibited a first-order dependence on the amount of periplasmic MBP. Thus, interaction of a single substrate-bound MBP with Tar appears sufficient to initiate a chemotactic signal from the transducer. A half-maximal chemotactic response occurred at 25% of the malE+ MBP level, suggesting that in vivo the KD for binding of maltose-loaded MBP to Tar is quite high (approximately 250 microM).
[Photodynamic effects of a concanavalin A-chlorin e6 conjugate on human fibroblasts]. (1990)

To minimize the side effect of porphyrin photosensitizers and to reduce their active concentration, chlorine e6 was conjugated with concanavalin A. Photodynamic action of chlorine e6 and concanavalin A-chlorine e6 conjugate has been studied in human skin embryonic fibroblasts. The conjugate appeared to be 5 times more effective as compared to chlorine e6 due to concanavalin A-chlorine e6 endocytosis into intracellular compartments.