gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Women fare no worse than men 10 years after attempted coronary angioplasty (1996)

A retrospective review of cardiac events occurring in all patients who underwent attempted coronary angioplasty in the first 5 years of our experience (1980-1985) was undertaken. Follow-up data were obtained from the civil registry, hospital records, patient, family, and referring physician. Patient survival curves were constructed and the outcome of women and men was compared. Eight hundred fifty-six patients, 172 women and 684 men with a mean age of 60.0 and 55.3 years, respectively, underwent attempted coronary angioplasty with an overall procedural success rate of 82%, 77.7% in women and 83.1% in men. Follow-up data were obtained in 837 patients (97.8%) with a mean period of 9.6 years (range 0-13.3 years). The estimated 10 year survival in women was identical to men [79%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 72.6-85.4% vs. 78%, 95% CI 74.6-81.4%] as was the 10 year event-free survival (men 36%, 95% CI 32.0-40.0% vs. women 37%, 95% CI 29.2-44.8%), with a similar proportion of major cardiac events-death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, and repeat angioplasty. When women were matched to men for age and previous myocardial infarction, factors found to be associated with an adverse outcome, there was no significant difference. Additionally, outcome was compared after patients were matched for maximum nominal balloon size as an estimate of vessel size, with no significant difference between women and men. At follow-up, women complained of significantly more anginal symptoms than men (59.2% vs. 44.0%, P < 0.05) and took significantly more antianginal medication.
Towards improved siRNA delivery to the corneal epithelium: exploring cationic amphiphilic drugs as siRNA delivery enhancers (2019)

Abstract Purpose Corneal blindness is one of the most important causes of preventable blindness. With a shortage of donors people end up losing their vision. Alternatives to heal the cornea are clearly needed. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has the ability to regulate intracellular protein concentration and shows potential to modulate corneal wound healing. However, to exert its function siRNA needs to reach the cytosol. Here we investigate a strategy to avoid lysosomal siRNA degradation. Methods Due to their capacity to permeabilize (lysosomal membranes, cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) can enhance the release of siRNA from lysosomes to the cytosol. By staining the lysosomes we were able to determine the effect of several CADs in primary bovine corneal epithelial cells (pBCECs) by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. To correlate CAD‐induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization with improved siRNA delivery in pBCECs, we investigated the silencing efficiency of t siRNA when followed by a CAD treatment. Results Up to two‐fold increase of fluorescence signal was observed indicating swelling of existing lysosomes and/or an increase in the number of lysosomes inside pBCECs. Confocal imaging of stained pBCECs confirmed the increase in lysosomal size. Cytotoxicity tests (MTT assay) showed concentrations used to induce lysosomal swelling were not toxic (metabolic activity ≥80%).Treatment with siRNA with a subsequent treatment with CADs increased silencing efficiency suggesting an improved siRNA delivery. Conclusions We have shown the ability to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization in primary bovine corneal epithelial cells with CADs. A subsequent administration of CADs after siRNA treatment increased its capacity of silencing indicating an enhanced release from the lysosomal compartment.
Relationships between Mucosal Antibodies, Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) Infection and Airway Inflammation in COPD (2016)

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a key pathogen in COPD, being associated with airway inflammation and risk of exacerbation. Why some patients are susceptible to colonisation is not understood. We hypothesised that this susceptibility may be due to a deficiency in mucosal humoral immunity. The aim of our study (NCT01701869) was to quantify the amount and specificity of antibodies against NTHi in the lungs and the associated risk of infection and inflammation in health and COPD. Phlebotomy, sputum induction and bronchoscopy were performed on 24 mild-to-moderate COPD patients and 8 age and smoking-matched controls. BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) total IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgM and IgA concentrations were significantly increased in COPD patients compared to controls. NTHi was detected in the lungs of 7 of the COPD patients (NTHi+ve-29%) and these patients had a higher median number of previous exacerbations than NTHi-ve patients as well as evidence of increased systemic inflammation. When comparing NTHi+ve versus NTHi-ve patients we observed a decrease in the amount of both total IgG1 (p = 0.0068) and NTHi-specific IgG1 (p = 0.0433) in the BAL of NTHi+ve patients, but no differences in total IgA or IgM. We observed no evidence of decreased IgG1 in the serum of NTHi+ve patients, suggesting this phenomenon is restricted to the airway. Furthermore, the NTHi+ve patients had significantly greater levels of IL-1β (p = 0.0003), in BAL than NTHi-ve COPD patients.This study indicates that the presence of NTHi is associated with reduced levels and function of IgG1 in the airway of NTHi-colonised COPD patients. This decrease in total and NTHI-specific IgG1 was associated with greater systemic and airway inflammation and a history of more frequent exacerbations and may explain the susceptibility of some COPD patients to the impacts of NTHi.
Analytic crossing probabilities for certain barriers by Brownian motion (2008)

We calculate crossing probabilities and one-sided last exit time densities for a class of moving barriers on an interval [0, T] via Schwartz distributions. We derive crossing probabilities and first hitting time densities for another class of barriers on [0, T] by proving a Schwartz distribution version of the method of images. Analytic expressions for crossing probabilities and related densities are given for new explicit and semi-explicit barriers.
Advanced Imaging Catheter: Final Project Report (2001)

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is an approach whereby procedures conventionally performed with large and potentially traumatic incisions are replaced by several tiny incisions through which specialized instruments are inserted. Early MIS, often called laparoscopic surgery, used video cameras and laparoscopes to visualize and control the medical devices, which were typically cutting or stapling tools. More recently, catheter-based procedures have become a fast growing sector of all surgeries. In these procedures, small incisions are made into one of the main arteries (e.g. femoral artery in the thigh), and a long thin hollow tube is inserted and positioned near the target area. The key advantage of this technique is that recovery time can be reduced from months to a matter of days. In the United States, over 700,000 catheter procedures are performed annually representing a market of over $350 million. Further growth in this area will require significant improvements in the current catheter technology. In order to effectively navigate a catheter through the tortuous vessels of the body, two capabilities must exist: imaging and positioning. In most cases, catheter procedures rely on radiography for visualization and manual manipulation for positioning of the device. Radiography provides two-dimensional, global images of the vasculature and cannot be used continuously due to radiation exposure to both the patient and physician. Intravascular ultrasound devices are available for continuous local imaging at the catheter tip, but these devices cannot be used simultaneously with therapeutic devices. Catheters are highly compliant devices, and manipulating the catheter is similar to pushing on a string. Often, a guide wire is used to help position the catheter, but this procedure has its own set of problems. Three characteristics are used to describe catheter maneuverability: (1) pushability -- the amount of linear displacement of the distal end (inside body) relative to an applied displacement of the proximal end (outside body); (2) torquability -- the amount of rotation of the distal end relative to an applied rotation of the proximal end; and (3) trackability -- the extent to which the catheter tracks along the guide wire without displacing it.
Tunable Narrow-band THz Generation by Type-II DFG with Linearly Chirped Optical Pulses in ZnTe (2007)

Narrowband THz pulses were produced via type-II DFG in ZnTe, where two linearly-chirped and orthogonally-polarized broadband near-IR pulses were employed. We tuned the central frequency by adjusting the time delay between the two optical pulses.
A Kind of Method for Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on Blind Source Separation (2009)

摘要: 方位估计和信号恢复分别是水下目标跟踪和识别的前提. 基于平均时间延迟相关矩阵提出了一种复数域盲源分离方法, 在此基础上实现了DOA估计和信号恢复. 实验结果表明, 该方法在同等条件下完成同样的方位分辨要优于多重信号分类(Multiple signal classification, MUSIC)方法. 关键词: DOA估计 / 盲源分离 / 多重信号分类(MUSIC)方法
Mechanism of Myocardial Protection by Isoflurane (1996)

The results indicate that isoflurane prevents decreased systolic shortening caused by multiple episodes of ischemia and reperfusion. These actions result in improved recovery of contractile function of postischemic, reperfused myocardium and are mediated by isoflurane-induced activation of KATP channels.
Shunt assistant device deception due to pseudovertical posturing (2015)

The ever present need to balance over drainage with under drainage in hydrocephalus has required innovations including adjustable valves with antigravity devices. These are activated in the vertical position to prevent siphoning. We describe a group of patients who presented with unexplained under drainage caused by activation of antigravity shunt components produced by peculiar head/body position.
Prevention and Treatment of Ocular Inflammation with a New Class of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (1994)

New non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) were tested on lens protein-, endotoxin- and interleukin-1-induced ocular inflammation. It was found that most NSAIAs, including REV 5901, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, CK-17 and CK-102, inhibited lens protein-induced inflammation. Endotoxin induced inflammation indirectly through the release of IL-1 which was inhibited by fewer agents, including CK-17, CK-102 and prednisolone. However, the direct effect of IL-1 can only be suppressed by CK-17 and prednisolone. Therefore, CK-17 could become an important NSAIA which acts similarly to corticosteroids yet produces no steroidal side effects. CK-17 was different from most NSAIAs as it affected little, if any, arachidonate metabolism. Most importantly, CK-17 was found to be 2-fold more potent than prednisolone in inhibiting IL-1-induced uveitis, while no side effects were noted at doses tested to date.
Transfer Learning for Neural Semantic Parsing (2017)

The goal of semantic parsing is to map natural language to a machine interpretable meaning representation language (MRL). One of the constraints that limits full exploration of deep learning technologies for semantic parsing is the lack of sufficient annotation training data. In this paper, we propose using sequence-to-sequence in a multi-task setup for semantic parsing with a focus on transfer learning. We explore three multi-task architectures for sequence-to-sequence modeling and compare their performance with an independently trained model. Our experiments show that the multi-task setup aids transfer learning from an auxiliary task with large labeled data to a target task with smaller labeled data. We see absolute accuracy gains ranging from 1.0% to 4.4% in our inhouse data set, and we also see good gains ranging from 2.5% to 7.0% on the ATIS semantic parsing tasks with syntactic and semantic auxiliary tasks.
Apparatus and process for the liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis (1996)

Apparecchiatura e processo per la sintesi automatica di oligomeri in fase liquida in presenza di un supporto polimerico solubile.
ChemInform Abstract: AKTIVIERUNG MOLEKULAREN WASSERSTOFFS UND SAUERSTOFFS DURCH LOESUNGEN VON MY‐DICHLORO‐TETRAKIS‐(CYCLOOCTEN)‐DIIRIDIUM(I) (1973)

Abstract Anhand kinetischer Untersuchungen wird der Mechanismus der homogenen Hydrierung von Olefinen (Beispiel: Cycloocten, Hexe:n‐(l)) mit H 2 in den Titelkomplex enthaltendem Benzol oder N,N‐Dimethyl‐acetamid diskutiert.
Koko: architecture and methodology for engineering social affective applications (2009)

Representing and reasoning about affect (e.g. emotion and mood) is essential for producing believable characters and empathic interactions with users, both of which are necessary for effective entertainment and education. Leading applications of interest include pedagogical tools [1], military training simulations [2], and educational games [3].
TOXICITY OF OXYANIONS OF SELENIUM AND OF A PROPOSED BIOREMEDIATION INTERMEDIATE, DIMETHYL SELENONE (1997)

The relative toxicity of selenate, selenite, and dimethyl selenone were assessed by determining growth inhibition and growth rate inhibition of Pseudomonas fluorescens K27 and using the Microtox® bioassay method at varying concentrations of these three selenium species. The results of EC50 vary depending on the organism tested and the method used; for P. fluorescens K27, EC50 increased in the order of dimethyl selenone < selenate < selenite. However, for Vibrio fisheri, EC50 increased in the order of selenite < dimethyl selenone < selenate. The possibility that different reduction mechanisms may dominate the remediation of the two selenium oxyanions with different oxidation states by P. fluorescens K27 is discussed, as is whether dimethyl selenone is a possible intermediate in selenium reduction and methylation.
Modeling and Control of the Mitsubishi PA-10 Robot Arm Harmonic Drive System (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to present our results in developing a dynamic model of the Mitsubishi PA-10 robot arm for the purpose of low-velocity trajectory tracking using low-feedback gains. The PA-10 is ideal for precise manipulation tasks because of the backdrivability, precise positioning capabilities, and zero backlash afforded by its harmonic drive transmission (HDT). However, the compliance and oscillations inherent in harmonic drive systems, and the lack of any technical information on the internal dynamics of the transmission, make the development of an accurate dynamic model of the robot extremely challenging. The novelty of this research is therefore the development of a systematic algorithm to extract the model parameters of a harmonic drive transmission in the robot arm to facilitate model-based control. We have modeled all seven joints of the Mitsubishi PA-10, and we have done several experiments to identify the various parameters of the harmonic drive system. We conclude with a sample trajectory-tracking task that demonstrates our model-based controller for the Mitsubishi PA-10 robot arm.
Variable, voltage‐dependent, blocking effects of nitrendipine, verapamil, diltiazem, cinnarizine and cadmium on adrenomedullary secretion (1989)

1. Catecholamine release from cat adrenal glands perfused at a high rate (4 ml min-1) at 37 degrees C with modified Krebs solutions lacking Ca and containing 1.2 mM K (hyperpolarizing solution) or 118 mM K (depolarizing solution) was triggered by 10-s pulses of Ca (0.5 mM) in the presence of 118 mM K. Hyperpolarized glands released 1280 +/- 135 ng per pulse and depolarized glands 831 +/- 98 ng per pulse (n = 29). 2. While the dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker nitrendipine inhibited secretion in hyperpolarized glands with an IC50 of 214 nM, in depolarizing conditions the drug was much more potent (IC50 = 0.99 nM). In contrast, the inorganic Ca channel blocker cadmium inhibited secretion with the same potency both in hyperpolarized or depolarized glands. 3. Cinnarizine, diltiazem and verapamil exhibited intermediate degrees of voltage-dependence in blocking secretion. The IC50 ratios between hyperpolarized and depolarized glands were 215, 36, 19, 8 and 0.76 respectively for nitrendipine, cinnarizine, diltiazem, verapamil and cadmium. Because the experimental design (strong depolarization in the absence of Ca) favours the highest opening probability of Ca channels, it seems that these drugs bind preferentially to their receptors when these channels are in their open state. 4. Variable voltage-dependent effects of the five Ca channel blockers on adrenomedullary catecholamine release suggests different sites and mechanisms of action on, or near L-type Ca channels in chromaffin cells. In addition, these findings might help to explain why these drugs exhibit tissue selectivity and why they act differently in normal polarized as compared to ischaemic depolarized cells.
Neuropeptide-Containing Nerves in Endobronchial Biopsies from Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Subjects (1995)

Abstract The presence and distribution of neuropeptide-containing nerves within endobronchial biopsies has been investigated in symptomatic asthmatics (n = 17) and in asymptomatic nonasthmatic control subjects (n = 17). Biopsies from large airways, obtained under local anesthesia by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, were processed immediately and analyzed for nerves using specific indirect immunofluorescence with antisera to the neural marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY). PGP 9.5-positive nerves were present in all the biopsies from both subject groups, being identified in relationship to epithelium, glands, smooth muscle, and blood vessels. VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerves were equally present in the biopsies of both asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects, being localized to smooth muscle and glands. Using well-substantiated antibodies, no nerves immunofluorescent for SP or CGRP were identified in any of the biopsies of the subjects. In the asthmatic patients, there were no significant correlations between the PGP 9.5, VIP, or NPY immunofluorescence scores and the resting spirometric values (FEV1) or the level of nonspecific bronchial responsiveness, as assessed by the provocative concentration of methacholine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1. To verify the single biopsy findings, two further studies were undertaken, one in which biopsies were stained from two airway sites (proximal and distal) and a second in which the findings in carinal specimens obtained using biopsy forceps from freshly resected lung tissue were compared with those in a surrounding area of tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Key to EHR Lies in Identifying Timeless Patterns (2013)

Choosing a bad EHR … is demoralizing and breeds a lack of intellectual honesty and to a loss of respect for quality information
Fiber reinforcement of investment cast parts (1993)

For 3 years now the Foundry-Institute (Giesserei-Institut) of the Aachen Institute of Technology has worked on the development of a new, low-cost production process for longfiber-reinforced light alloy components. The process baseline is oriented on the precision casting process in its investment casting mode, also known as lost wax process. The investment casting process is well known as a typical near-net-shape process for the manufacture of high-quality cast components, predominantly for applications in the aerospace industry (structured components, turbine blades and parts etc.) and enjoys significant growth rates during the last decades. After preliminary studies on the modification of single process substeps R & D work concentrated on the final-shape production of Al-components (Al-alloys A356, A357, 201 etc.) reinforced with long ceramic fibers. Both SiC and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-based fibers of several producers were used. Main interest focuses on techniques for a selective reinforcement of main stress sections. Without using conventional sintered preforms the fibers are infiltrated with molten metal under a support pressure of less than 1 MPa. Combined with a new developed wax pattern technique test specimens with a nearly homogeneous fiber distribution were produced. In addition, even reactive matrix alloys did not lead to destructive interface reactions.more » In most cases sufficient bonding between fibers and matrix could be observed. Following to these positive tendencies a considerable improvement of mechanical properties could be measured for longfiber reinforced Al-alloys. Both tensile strength and elastic modulus could be increased up to 100% compared with the unreinforced matrix alloy. Latest work concentrated on the production of small representative components for potential applications.« less
795. The direct introduction of the diazonium group into aromatic nuclei. Part II. Diazonium salts from aromatic sulphonic acids, carboxylic acids, and nitro-compounds prepared by use of mercuric ions as catalyst (1957)

J. M. Tedder and G. Theaker, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 4008 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570004008
I.—Ideas, Propositions and Signs (1940)

I.—Ideas, Propositions and Signs Stuart Hampshire Stuart Hampshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 40, Issue 1, 1 June 1940, Pages 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/40.1.1 Published: 21 July 2015
Effect of GABAergic compounds on gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in the rat (1995)

Using a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the amounts of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) transcript in a discrete nucleus micropunched from rat brain slices were determined. GnRHR transcript was highly expressed in anterior pituitary >> median eminence > posterior mediobasal hypothalamus (pMBH) > preoptic area (POA) but not in cortex and posterior pituitary, which were used as control tissues. To examine the effect of GABA on GnRHR transcript level, 10 nmol of muscimol, a GABA-A receptor agonist, or baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist, was microinjected into the lateral ventricle of ovariectomized rats. Two hours after an intraventricular injection, rats were decapitated. Blood was collected 1 h before and after drug administration and used for LH determination. Serum LH levels were significantly reduced by muscimol but not by baclofen within 2 h. The activation of GABA-A receptors with muscimol resulted in a significant inhibition in GnRHR transcript level in both the pMBH and POA but not in the pituitary. The activation of GABA-B receptors with baclofen, however, did not produce any effect on GnRHR transcript level in the pMBH and POA, as well as the pituitary. This experiment demonstrates for the first time that GABAergic neurotransmission, through GABA-A receptors, is involved in the regulation of GnRHR transcript level in the rat hypothalamus. This suggests that GABAergic neurotransmission regulates GnRHR gene expression in a coordinated, yet complex, fashion in the control of the neuroendocrine function of GnRH-LH axis.