gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality Management in Libraries. (1995)

In the field of total quality management (TQM), the term customer has been redefined to include all stakeholders, people who have an interest in the organization and its activities, from traditional customers to employees and society as a whole. The stakeholders of an academic library include: students, academic staff, university and library support staff, university and library managers, the government, society (local, regional, national, and international), the international research community, and posterity. Two figures show the criteria for the European Quality Award (EQA), a prestigious prize for which companies across Europe compete each year, and a quality management map, which illustrates how the elements of quality management fit together and how they can be applied to libraries and information services. The quality management map has four stages: (1) Inputs--total commitment, management responsibility, stakeholder requirements, quality assurance, quality management system and standards, and resources; (2) Processes--process control and process activities; (3) Outputs and Outcomes--products and services and use of products and services; and (4) Review and Improvement--zero defects, inspection and test, continuous assessment and improvement, non-conformance control, conformance to requirements, and corrective action. Another quality methodology also measures key dimensions of service as seen by the customer: reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness. Several other research projects in quality management in libraries are discussed. (Contains 11 references.) (SWC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Quality Management in Libraries
Controlled-Release NPK Fertilizer Encapsulated by Polymeric Membranes (2002)

The commercial granular fertilizer NPK6-20-30 was coated using polysulfone (PSF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and cellulose acetate (CA). The coatings were formed from the polymer solutions by the phase inversion technique. Measurements of the thickness and porosity of the prepared coatings and a microphotographic observation of the coatings were performed. The physical properties of the coatings influence the release rate of macronutrients which are present in the core of the coated fertilizer. In the case of PAN coating with 60.45% porosity, prepared from a 16% polymer solution, 100% of NH(4)(+) and P(2)O(5) was released after 4 h of test and 99.7% of K(+) after 5 h of test, whereas in the case of coating with 48.8% porosity, 31.8% of NH(4)(+), 16.7% of P(2)O(5), and 11.6% of K(+) was released after 5 h. In all experiments, different selectivities of the coatings in terms of the release of components were observed. The release of potassium through the coatings made of PSF and PAN was the slowest. The same tendency was observed for the release of nitrogen through a coating of CA. The release of fertilizer active components was the slowest in the case of PSF. The lowest porosity coating was prepared from the 18% PSF solution.
[The effect of bovine serum albumin conjugates with polyalkylene oxides on the respiration of heart mitochondria]. (1993)

The effect of polyalkylene oxides and pluronics (block copolymers of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide) and their conjugates with bovine serum albumin (BSA) on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in rat heart mitochondria has been studied. The pluronics and their conjugates with BSA stimulate state 4 respiration in mitochondria, inhibit state 3 respiration and 2,4-dinitrophenol-uncoupled state respiration, decrease the respiratory control, ADP/O ratio values and display weak uncoupling properties. The pluronics inhibit respiration and oxidative phosphorylation more effectively than their conjugates with BSA. The effect of the conjugate on the mitochondrial membrane is reversible, in contrast with that of the pluronics. The compounds under study act preferentially on the NADH-dehydrogenase complex of the respiratory chain. Inhibition of respiration in thymocytes by these compounds confirms their ability to penetrate into the cell membrane. The dependence of membranotropic properties of polyalkylene oxides and their conjugates with the protein on their structure is discussed.
Correlation between ionicity and nonlinear refractive index in alkali halides (1996)

Abstract A relationship between the generalized Miller δ 1111 (ω; ω, ω, ω) coefficient and the Phillips‐van Vechten ionicity in alkali halides is presented. The correlation is employed to estimate the nonlinear refractive index of these crystals.
Macromolecular Structure of a Commercial Humic Acid Sample (2020)

The molecular structure of a commercial sample of humic acids (HA) was investigated by membrane dialysis experiments (MD) and low-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (LP-SEC). MD showed that HA molecules were retained by dialysis membrane with a cut-off of 6–8 kDa, independently from HA concentration (15 or 150 mg L−1), NaHCO3 concentration (0.005–2.0 mol L−1), and from propan 2-ol (0–5 v/v %). SEC experiments at low pressure gave chromatograms with a broad peak, with an elution volume between those of the globular proteins bovine serum albumin (molecular weight = 66.5 kDa) and lysozyme from egg (molecular weight = 14.4 kDa). The pattern of the chromatogram did not vary with HA concentration, and second-run chromatograms of single eluted fractions showed relatively sharp peaks. From these data, we reveal that the commercial HA sample analysed has a macromolecular structure rather than being a supramolecular aggregate of relatively small molecules, as recently proposed for some samples of HA obtained from different sources.
Technology Update: Preventing Emulsions by Mitigating Solids (2017)

Technology Update There are many oilfield applications to treat oil emulsions and water (reverse) emulsions. Root cause determination with full solutions to emulsion issues can be more efficient and cost-effective than bandage-type downstream applications such as acid treatments, demulsifiers, and water clarifiers. Improving flow assurance or preventing under-deposit corrosion issues are additional benefits of finding and eliminating problems at their source. The Impact of Emulsions The development of an oilfield emulsion requires four key components: oil, water, an emulsifying agent (solids, surfactants, or chemicals), and agitation (or shear). Solids, such as scale particles, corrosion byproducts, or waxes, tie the oil and water together. Agitation mixes the two, resulting in an emulsion. Removing or preventing any one of these four components will break or prevent emulsions. Stable emulsions can have damaging effects on lines and result in increased costs for handling solids (through mechanical removal), heat energy, and chemical programs. They can also result in capital expenses, such as purchasing the filtration equipment needed to remove solids. In addition to the operating costs associated with emulsions, operators may experience unexpected downtime and lost production. Water that is separated out in production facilities contains residual oil that is trapped in reverse emulsions—oil droplets dispersed in the water phase vs. a standard emulsion where water is trapped in the oil phase. The concentration of this residual oil is usually too high for permitted discharge to the environment and may result in operator fines. Any oil that is not captured and is lost to disposal is a loss of profit. Current Industry Practices A typical industry practice is to use a demulsifier to treat standard emulsions. Choosing an effective demulsifier is often viewed as a “black art,” frequently done by conducting a “bottle test” with a kit of demulsifiers or blends. There are three main processes by which demulsifiers “unlock” emulsions: flocculation, coalescence, and solids wetting. Another industry method for treating solids is to batch treat with acid. Acid can effectively treat calcium carbon-ate, the most common carbonate scale, and iron sulfide, a corrosion byproduct. When acid is added to iron sulfide, it creates a byproduct of hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas. Acid treatments are temporary, lasting no more than a couple of days. Although they successfully put the solids into the solution, as soon as the water pH rises back during dilution, the solids typically precipitate back out from solution.
Hydrogen enhances strength and ductility of an equiatomic high-entropy alloy (2017)

Metals are key materials for modern manufacturing and infrastructures as well as transpot and energy solutions owing to their strength and formability. These properties can severely deteriorate when they contain hydrogen, leading to unpredictable failure, an effect called hydrogen embrittlement. Here we report that hydrogen in an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) leads not to catastrophic weakening, but instead increases both, its strength and ductility. While HEAs originally aimed at entropy-driven phase stabilization, hydrogen blending acts opposite as it reduces phase stability. This effect, quantified by the alloy's stacking fault energy, enables nanotwinning which increases the material's work-hardening. These results turn a bane into a boon: hydrogen does not generally act as a harmful impurity, but can be utilized for tuning beneficial hardening mechanisms. This opens new pathways for the design of strong, ductile, and hydrogen tolerant materials.
The Effect of Region-specific Institutions and Firm-specific Resources on Firm's Innovativeness in China (2017)

In the recent literature, the assumption that institutions are homogeneous across regions within emerging economics has been challenged. Yet little attention has been paid to the role played by subnational region-specific institutions in firmâs innovativeness. Moreover, the influences of region-level and firm-level factors have been analyzed separately without paying attention to the linkages between them. Thus, this study first tries to investigate the influences of the cross-regional institutional idiosyncrasies in intellectual property (IP) protection and economic internationalization on the local firmâs innovativeness. Furthermore, the study explores how they can interact with a firmâs internal technological competences. The issues are explored using empirical evidence from the specific context of the e-commerce industry in China. It first contributes to institutional theory by identifying the role played by region-specific institutions in innovation. The second contribution lies in developing and testing a contingency perspective combining insights from institutional theory and the resource-based view.
Gallium Nitride Films (1971)

The thermal decomposition of a gallium tribromide‐ammonia complex in an ammonia, argon, or nitrogen atmosphere has been used for the deposition of gallium nitride films on silicon and hexagonal silicon carbide substrates in a gas flow system. The substrate temperature and the nature of the ambient are the most important parameters of the deposition process. Adherent and transparent films of gallium nitride have been deposited at substrate temperatures up to about 600°C in an ammonia atmosphere and up to about 750°C in a nitrogen or argon ambient. At higher temperatures, the deposit became contaminated with gallium. The gallium nitride films deposited on {111} oriented silicon substrates at 600°–700°C were found to show a (110) fiber orientation. Epitaxial, single crystalline gallium nitride films have been grown successfully on the basal plane of hexagonal silicon carbide substrates at 520°–600°C. These films are of high resistivity indicating that the thermal decomposition of gallium nitride is negligible. Thus, the thermal decomposition of the gallium tribromide‐ammonia complex provides a new promising technique for the crystal growth of gallium nitride.
Differences in motor activation of voluntary and reflex cough in humans (2006)

Functional organisation of motor activity differs between voluntary and reflex cough. Voluntary cough is characterised by sequential activation whereas reflex cough is associated with early and simultaneous activation of expiratory and accessory muscles.
Deploying public surface transit to forward messages in DTN (2015)

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a communication architecture enabling connectivity in a topology with unregular end-to-end network connection. DTN enables communication in environments with cross-connectivity, large delays and delivery time variations, and a high error rate. DTN can be used in vehicular networks where public transport get involved. This research aims to analyze the role of public transit as a DTN routing infrastructure. The impact of using public transit as a relay router is investigated by referencing the network performance, defined by its delivery ratio, average delay and overhead. The results show that public transit can be used as a backbone for DTN in an urban scenario using existing protocols. This opens insights for future researches on routing algorithm and protocol design.
Epidemiology of Staphylococcal Infections - A European Perspective (1994)

Multiple resistant staphylococci are a major health concern worldwide. In Europe, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) differs widely between countries in the south and those in the north. In The Netherlands, which has one of the lowest rates of MRSA infection in Europe, stringent infection control measures are in place which include the isolation of all carriers and the treatment of patients and staff carriers with mupirocin.
Identifying dimensions of service quality in public recreation. (1991)

The above study was aimed at evaluating the "in-hospital precoronary times" of patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting to the Emergency Department of Policlinico Umberto I, Rome. From April to August 1993, 58 cases of acute myocardial infarction were admitted. In six of these, over 24 hrs had elapsed before admission. In 24 of the remaining cases thrombolysis was indicated. Mean time before admission to the coronary unit was 5 hrs for 52 patients. Mean in-hospital delay before starting thrombolysis was 40 +/- 20 minutes; mean delay before admission to the coronary unit was 3 h/45 min. In-hospital time before thrombolysis was one of the lowest in the literature and shows the efficient organization of the department. Delay until transfer to the coronary unit was long and is a sign of the paucity of these specialized beds. Therefore, the possibility to perform thrombolytic therapy immediately in the emergency department becomes even more essential.
Identification of structurally closely related monosaccharide and disaccharide isomers by PMP labeling in conjunction with IM-MS/MS (2016)

It remains particularly difficult for gaining unambiguous information on anomer, linkage, and position isomers of oligosaccharides using conventional mass spectrometry (MS) methods. In our laboratory, an ion mobility (IM) shift strategy was employed to improve confidence in the identification of structurally closely related disaccharide and monosaccharide isomers using IMMS. Higher separation between structural isomers was achieved using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization in comparison with phenylhydrazine (PHN) derivatization. Furthermore, the combination of pre-IM fragmentation of PMP derivatives provided sufficient resolution to separate the isomers not resolved in the IMMS. To chart the structural variation observed in IMMS, the collision cross sections (CCSs) for the corresponding ions were measured. We analyzed nine disaccharide and three monosaccharide isomers that differ in composition, linkages, or configuration. Our data show that coexisting carbohydrate isomers can be identified by the PMP labeling technique in conjunction with ion-mobility separation and tandem mass spectrometry. The practical application of this rapid and effective method that requires only small amounts of sample is demonstrated by the successful analysis of water-soluble ginseng extract. This demonstrated the potential of this method to measure a variety of heterogeneous sample mixtures, which may have an important impact on the field of glycomics.
Aircraft Observations of Ice Crystal Evolution in an Altostratus Cloud (1999)

Observations from a Lagrangian spiral descent within altostratus cloud associated with a cold front were used to study the evolution of ice particle spectra by following populations of ice crystals as they fell through the cloud. The flight track was corrected for wind effects and was divided into distinct regions for spatial comparison of ice particle spectra. Analysis of size spectra for particles larger than 800 μm revealed heterogeneity on horizontal scales of 5 km in average particle diameter and concentration. In the temperature range −40° to −20°C the ice crystal evolution was dominated by diffusional growth, although observations of the evolution of the bimodal size spectra suggested that aggregation was occurring. Between −20° and −10°C aggregation dominated evolution.
Speciation of complexes of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) with L-histidine in dioxan-water mixtures (2012)

L-Histidine complexes of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) metal ions were studied pH-metrically in 0–60% v/v dioxan–water mixtures at a temperature of 303K and at an ionic strength of 0.16mol L−1. Exhaustive modeling was performed to identify the species present in the present systems. The models contain MLH, ML2H4, ML2H2, ML2H and ML2 for Co (II), ML2H4, ML2H2, ML2H and ML2 for Ni (II), and MLH, ML2H2, ML2H and ML2 for Cu (II). The appropriate experimental conditions were verified by introducing errors intentionally in the concentrations of ingredients. The trend in the variation of stability constants with the dielectric constants of dioxan is explained on the basis of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. The bioavailability of metals and their transportation are explained based on the distribution diagrams.
Evaluation of the Water Potentials of Solutions of Polyethylene Glycol 8000 Both in the Absence and Presence of Other Solutes (1983)

Published and additional data for polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG), formerly PEG 6000, solution water potentials (Psi) are compared. Actual bars Psi over the concentration range of 0 to 0.8 gram PEG per gram H(2)O and temperature (T) range of 5 to 40 degrees C are best predicted (probably within +/- 5%) by this equation: Psi = 1.29[PEG](2)T - 140[PEG](2) - 4.0[PEG]. Although transformable through division by [PEG] to virial equation form, results indicate that the coefficients are not virial. Mannitol (MAN) interacts with PEG to produce Psi significantly lower than additive. Vapor pressure osmometer (VPO) data for MAN-PEG synergism compared favorably with those from thermocouple hygrometry; and VPO data showing the interactions between PEG and four salts are presented. The synergism of MAN-PEG and of NaCl-PEG are related linearly to the concentration of solute added with PEG.
Toward Fast and Accurate Vehicle Detection in Aerial Images Using Coupled Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Vehicle detection in aerial images, being an interesting but challenging problem, plays an important role for a wide range of applications. Traditional methods are based on sliding-window search and handcrafted or shallow-learning-based features with heavy computational costs and limited representation power. Recently, deep learning algorithms, especially region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs), have achieved state-of-the-art detection performance in computer vision. However, several challenges limit the applications of R-CNNs in vehicle detection from aerial images: 1) vehicles in large-scale aerial images are relatively small in size, and R-CNNs have poor localization performance with small objects; 2) R-CNNs are particularly designed for detecting the bounding box of the targets without extracting attributes; 3) manual annotation is generally expensive and the available manual annotation of vehicles for training R-CNNs are not sufficient in number. To address these problems, this paper proposes a fast and accurate vehicle detection framework. On one hand, to accurately extract vehicle-like targets, we developed an accurate-vehicle-proposal-network (AVPN) based on hyper feature map which combines hierarchical feature maps that are more accurate for small object detection. On the other hand, we propose a coupled R-CNN method, which combines an AVPN and a vehicle attribute learning network to extract the vehicle's location and attributes simultaneously. For original large-scale aerial images with limited manual annotations, we use cropped image blocks for training with data augmentation to avoid overfitting. Comprehensive evaluations on the public Munich vehicle dataset and the collected vehicle dataset demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Shift work, safety and productivity (2003)

The arguments in favour of introducing shift work clearly depend on productivity and safety being maintained at an acceptable level. However, the evidence reviewed in this paper clearly indicates that both productivity and safety may be compromised at night. More specifically, safety declines over successive night shifts, with increasing hours on duty and between successive rest breaks. The only known way to minimize these problems is to improve shift systems with respect to these factors. However, these factors need to be considered in combination with one another since, for example, a long night shift that includes frequent rest breaks might well prove safer than a shorter night shift with less frequent breaks.
Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifier Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning (2016)

In this brief, a sparse-Bayesian-learning algorithm is applied to estimate the coefficients of the power amplifier (PA) behavioral models and inverse models from the view of probability. With this sparse learning method, the needed number of samplings can be reduced significantly. In addition, it also provides researchers with ideas that obtain the needed subspace of the preselected model. The performance of the algorithm is validated experimentally on a gallium nitride (GaN) PA, and the signal used to test the proposed approach is an Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal. A comparison with the state-of-the-art estimation algorithm in an open-loop digital-predistortion system is also presented, and the vast majority of tests show that the number of model coefficients is reduced by at least 50%.