gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systems Management. (1963)

During the past decade there have been several breakthroughs in the fields of scientific technology and military weapon systems. Concurrently with these advancements, a wealth of information has been written about the subject of systems. It is not surprising, therefore, to discover that many people have become excited by the possibility of applying the systems concept to other fields. During this session, we shall present an over-view of the systems concept in a manner which, we hope, will gain your interest, and challenge you to think about the practicality of applying the systems concept to the study and the analysis of the business firm. General systems theory is concerned with developing a systematic, theoretical framework for describing general relationships of the empirical world. An ultimate but distant goal might be a framework (or system of systems of systems) which would tie all disciplines together in a meaningful manner. Of the several levels in the hierarchy of systems, the level which most closely relates to the operation of a business is that of the control or cybernetic system, where the transmission and interpretation of information is an essential part of its operation. A system has been defined as an organized or complex whole; i. e., an assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex or unitary whole. It may be defined more specifically as an array of components designed to accomplish a particular objective according to plan. There are three significant points in this definition. First, there must be a purpose, or objective, which the system is designed to perform. Second, there must be design, or an established arrangement of components. Finally, inputs of information, energy, and materials must be allocated according to plan.
Novel detection platform for Alzheimer's amyloid-beta using magnetic beads in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (2015)

In this paper, we proposed novel detection platform to detect Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (Aβ) using pre-treated magnetic beads in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), for the first time. Without any immobilization on the electrodes of the EIS device, it shows ability to detect a few pg/ml of amyloid-beta oligomers and compared to the result of a conventional ELISA, which allows to simplify the measurement procedure, recycle the device by only changing magnet beads.
The proof of AODV loop freedom (2009)

Loop freedom is an important property for distance vector routing protocols, especially for the protocols of ad hoc network because the topologies are dynamic. This paper gives a formal description of the AODV protocol and presents a strictly formal proof of its loop freedom property in Isabelle/HOL. The proved theorem states that no loop will exist in any number of nodes. The result demonstrates the feasibility of completely formal verification of some properties of routing protocols with reasonable effort.
Dual Optic-flow Integrated Navigation forSmall-scale Flying Robots (2007)

This paper addresses the recent development of real-time visual odometry system based on a dual optical-flow system and its integration to an inertial navigation system aiming for small-scale flying robots. To overcome the unknown depth information in optic-flow, a dual optic-flow system is developed and tested. The flow measurements are fused with a low-cost inertial sensor using an extended Kalman filter. The experimental results in indoor environment will be presented showing improved navigational performances constraining errors in height, velocity and attitude.
A visual language compiler (1987)

In this paper, the design of a visual language compiler, the SIL-ICON Compiler is described. The SIL-ICON Compiler is a software system for the specification, interpretation, prototyping, and generation of icon-oriented systems. An application example to design a text editor using the Heidelberg Icon Set is presented in detail.
Spin Seebeck Effect from Antiferromagnetic Magnons and Critical Spin Fluctuations in Epitaxial <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>FeF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> Films (2019)

We report a longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) study in epitaxially grown ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}(110)$ antiferromagnetic (AFM) thin films with strong uniaxial anisotropy over the temperature range of 3.8--250 K. Both the magnetic-field and temperature-dependent SSE signals below the N\'eel temperature (${T}_{N}=70\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$) of the ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ films are consistent with a theoretical model based on the excitations of AFM magnons without any net induced static magnetic moment. In addition to the characteristic low-temperature SSE peak associated with the AFM magnons, there is another SSE peak at ${T}_{N}$ which extends well into the paramagnetic phase. All the SSE data taken at different magnetic fields up to 12 T near and above the critical point ${T}_{N}$ follow the critical scaling law very well with the critical exponents for magnetic susceptibility of 3D Ising systems, which suggests that the AFM spin correlation is responsible for the observed SSE near ${T}_{N}$.
HPLC analysis of oleuropein and some flavonoids in leaf and bud of Olea europaea L. (1991)

Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of secoiridoid oleuropein and some flavonoids in leaf and bud extracts of Olea europaea L. The RP-HPLC procedure is rapid and reproducible. The results of quantitative analysis, correlated with pharmacological activity, are reported here.
Investigating the mechanism of catalytic reduction of silver nitrate on the surface of barium titanate at room temperature: oxygen vacancies play a key role (2014)

The oxygen vacancies on BaTiO<sub>3</sub> surface linked with the hydroxyl oxygen of ethylene glycol and catalyzed the reduction of AgNO<sub>3</sub>.
Abortion. (1979)

The Doctors and Overpopulation Group is distressed by the attempt of Mr. Corrie to amend England's 1967 Abortion Act and recommends that members of the medical profession individually inform their representatives in Parliament of their support for the 1967 Act. The Group further suggests that members of Parliament who support the amendment should be asked how much support they are willing to give to family planning programs oriented toward preventing unwanted pregnancies and to programs providing assistance after delivery. Abuses of the Abortion Act should be corrected by improving a control mechanism and not by changing the fundamental principles embodied in the legislation.
Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2011)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are incompletely understood. Recently, antimicrobial peptides, which are expressed by leukocytes and epithelia, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Antimicrobial peptides are pivotal for intestinal defense, shaping the composition of the luminal flora and contributing thereby to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Apart from their antimicrobial activity affecting commensal bacteria, immunomodulatory properties of antimicrobial peptides have been identified, which link innate and adaptive immune response. There is increasing evidence that alterations in mucosal levels of these peptides contribute to IBD pathogenensis.
STABILITY OF OZONE AND ITS GERMICIDAL PROPERTIES ON POULTRY MEAT MICROORGANISMS IN LIQUID PHASE (1979)

ABSTRACT Ozone was produced using a Welsbach ozonator and measured by an iodometric titration method. The stability of ozone in water depended on water temperature, initial ozone concentration and length of holding time. In general, ozone was more stable in water at 2°C than in water at 25°C. Percentages of ozone retained after standing were similar for initial concentrations which ranged from 3.15 to 4.65 mg/L. The germicidal effects of ozone were affected by contact time, temperature, pH value and presence of inorganic and organic materials in the solution. Longer contact time, lower pH value and lower temperature resulted in greater bactericidal effect. The bactericidal effects of ozone were reduced in Ringer solution, 5% NaCl solution and in the presence of egg albumin in solution.
Identification of New Fluorescent Protein Fragments for Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Analysis Under Physiological Conditions (2006)

Protein-protein interactions play a pivotal role in coordinating many cellular processes. Determination of subcellular localization of interacting proteins and visualization of dynamic interactions in living cells are crucial to elucidate cellular functions of proteins. Using fluorescent proteins, we previously developed a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay and a multicolor BiFC assay to visualize protein-protein interactions in living cells. However, the sensitivity of chromophore maturation of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to higher temperatures requires preincubation at lower temperatures prior to visualizing the BiFC signal. This could potentially limit their applications for the study of many signaling molecules. Here we report the identification of new fluorescent protein fragments derived from Venus and Cerulean for BiFC and multicolor BiFC assays under physiological culture conditions. More importantly, the newly identified combinations exhibit a 13-fold higher BiFC efficiency than originally identified fragments derived from YFP. Furthermore, the use of new combinations reduces the amount of plasmid required for transfection and shortens the incubation time, leading to a 2-fold increase in specific BiFC signals. These newly identified fluorescent protein fragments will facilitate the study of protein-protein interactions in living cells and whole animals under physiological conditions.
Influence of manufacturing variables on the characteristics and effectiveness of chitosan products. II. Coagulation of activated sludge suspensions (1978)

Abstract Chitosan samples manufactured under different conditions were compared for effectiveness of coagulating an activated sludge suspension grown on vegetable canning wastes. Computer analysis of data from Buchner funnel filterability tests resulted in quadratic polynomial equations describing the response curves for volume of filtrate versus dosage, expressed as g/liter chitosan/100 g sludge suspended solids (SSS). The quotient of the filtrate volume and dosage at the inflection points of the equations obtained for 10 test samples and 1 commercial chitosan sample were compared to evaluate the response (effectiveness) per unit amount for each chitosan product. The product made by a standard procedure (deproteinated with 3% NaOH at 100°C for 1 hr, demineralized with 1 N HCL at ambient temperature for 30 min, and deacetylated with 50% NaOH at 145–150°C under N 2 for 5 or 15 min) gave the best performance as a coagulating agent for this activated sludge system. Other products, including the commercial preparation, required higher dosages to achieve the same effectiveness. Products deacetylated in the presence of sir rather than nitrogen decreased waste treatment effectiveness, which approximated the trends of reduced viscosity and molecular‐weight distribution. The products containing minerals were less effective than products from which minerals had been removed prior to deacetylation, but they were more effective than the enzyme treated sample and the commercial product. In general, although chitosan products obtained after 15 min deacetylation were more effective than those receiving 5 min deacetylation, effectiveness did not correlate linearly with viscosity and molecular‐weight distribution trends. However, chitosan products deacetylated for 15 min did show that the higher‐molecular‐weight products (0.65–1.1 × 10 6 ) were more effective coagulating agents for activated sludge than the manufactured product having the lowest molecular weight (0.47 × 10 6 ) and the commercial reference sample (0.56 × 10 6 ). Thus, higher values for molecular weight were predictive of greater effectiveness for coagulation of activated sludge suspensions.
Enigmatic insight into collagen (2016)

Collagen is a unique, triple helical molecule which forms the major part of extracellular matrix. It is the most abundant protein in the human body, representing 30% of its dry weight. It is the fibrous structural protein that makes up the white fibers (collagen fibers) of skin, tendons, bones, cartilage and all other connective tissues. Collagens are not only essential for the mechanical resistance and resilience of multicellular organisms, but are also signaling molecules defining cellular shape and behavior. The human body has at least 16 types of collagen, but the most prominent types are I, II and III. Collagens are produced by several cell types and are distinguishable by their molecular compositions, morphologic characteristics, distribution, functions and pathogenesis. This is the major fibrous glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue and helps in maintaining the structural integrity of these tissues. It has a triple helical structure. Various studies have proved that mutations that modify folding of the triple helix result in identifiable genetic disorders. Collagen diseases share certain similarities with autoimmune diseases, because autoantibodies specific to each collagen disease are produced. Therefore, this review highlights the role of collagen in normal health and also the disorders associated with structural and functional defects in collagen.
The effect of lead and thallium on eutectic grain structures in zinc-aluminum alloys (1975)

The influence of small additions of lead or thallium on the eutectic grain structure in zinc-aluminum alloys has been studied. With slow solidification, thallium or lead at low concentrations cause large increases in the grain size. With more rapid solidification they promote columnar grains. Autoradiography has shown that at slow growth rates, when thallium is present in concentrations so low that there is no increase in grain size, the eutectic grains grow with planar interfaces. At higher thallium contents, where grain size enhancement becomes noticeable, the grains grow with non-planar interfaces. It is argued that the non-planar growth form leads to the observed increased grain size. Résumé Nous avons ;amp;#x00E9;tudié l'effet de petites additions de plomb et de thallium sur la structure des grains d'eutectique d'alliages de zincet d'aluminium. Quand la vitesse de solidification est faiblede telles additions ont pour effet une augmentation considérable de la taille des grains. Quand les additions de thallium sont suffisamment faibles pour ne pas modifier la taille des grains, nous voyons, par autoradiographie que, à faible vitesse de solidification, les grains d'eutectique croissent selon une interface plane.A plus forte concentration de thallium, là où on note une augmentation de la taille des grains, la croissance n'est plus plane. Cette croissance selon une interface non plane serait la cause de l'augmentation de la taille des grains.
The Influence of Lance Orientation and Gas Evolution on Particle-Liquid Contact During Submerged Powder Injection (1986)

AbstractAbstractThermal similarity criteria for submerged powder injection into liquid metals were developed. It was calculated that direct particle-liquid contact is by far the most important mechanism for particle heating. Therefore, the bath cooling rate during powder injection is an indicator of particle-liquid contact. Using the similarity criteria it was shown that the decomposition of calcium carbonate or vaporization of magnesium or calcium in iron or steel can be simulated by the injection of aluminum hydroxide into lead. Experiments were conducted in which silica (30, 130 and 450μm) and aluminum hydroxide (90μm) were injected into liquid lead. For most of the experiments the gas and particles were injected adjacent to a window so the flow patterns could be photographed. The bath cooling rate for straight, vertical injection was only 30% of that expected for complete contact. It could be improved to 50–70% with straight, inclined lances or hockey-stick lances. The bath cooling rate for aluminum hydroxide corresponded to complete particle-liquid contact. Therefore angled injection and the use of gas-evolving compounds are important mechanisms for improving particle-liquid contact.
Interaction with Groups of Autonomous Characters (2000)

This paper presents a methodology for constructing large groups of autonomous characters which respond in real time to the user&apos;s interaction, as well as to each other and their environment. The characters are based on steering controllers under the direction of a simple mental model which mediates between several conflicting behavioral goals. The characters are represented graphically by 3d models with a library of animated motions which are choreographed by the behavioral controllers.
Photonic switching for ATM networks (2005)

A tera-BPS throughput ATM cell switch requires an efficient combination of high photanic bandwidths and high electronic intelligence. Thispaper discusses the design principles necessary for an effective photonic cell switch; a two-layer structure of photonics and electronics; a cell-by-cell synchronous operation, a simpple optical layer, A modular structure and an electronic routing control that is well-matched with the optical layer. A novel Cell switched architecture based on a two-layered detouring, hypercube network is described and some related results are presented for an experimental 2-Gbps 8-line system using a tree structured space switch made from high-speed LiNbO/sub 3/ directional coupler switches. The throughput estimates suggest that 6.6-Tbps photonic systems will be possible in the future.
Effects of dopaminergic agents on visceral pain measured by the mouse writhing test. (1997)

The present study explored the role of the dopaminergic transmission in the mouse writhing test analgesia by examining the relative analgesic activity of indirect dopaminergic agonists (amphetamine and cocaine), a mixed D1/D2 direct agonist (apomorphine), and a direct D1 (SKF38393) and D2 (bromocriptine) dopaminergic agonist. Amphetamine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.), cocaine (3 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.), apomorphine (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, s.c.) and bromocriptine (30 mg/kg, s.c.) induced a significant decrease of the number of writhes. SKF38393 (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, s.c.) had no effect on writhing. The antinociceptive effect of amphetamine and cocaine was not reversed by naltrexone, haloperidol or SCH23390. The apomorphine- and bromocriptine-induced analgesia was not reduced by naltrexone or SCH23390 but was attenuated by haloperidol; the apomorphine-induced analgesia was not modified by domperidone. The present results suggest an involvement of the dopaminergic transmission in visceral nociception. This dopaminergic component appears to involve exclusively the central D2 receptor system, and does not seem to be influenced by opioid mechanisms.
Methanol Reforming in Supercritical Water (2003)

The production of hydrogen by the reforming of methanol was studied in a continuously operated tubular reactor made of the nickel-based alloy Inconel 625. Experiments were performed at pressures from 25 to 45 MPa and temperatures in the range of 400−600 °C. The concentration of the aqueous feed varied from 5 to 64 wt % methanol. Residence times under reaction temperature conditions varied in the range from 3 to 100 s. The main component of the product gas is hydrogen, with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane. Methanol conversion is up to 99.9% without addition of a catalyst. Obviously, the heavy metals on the inner surface of the reactor influence the composition of the product gas and the conversion rate. Oxidation of the reactor inner surface before gasification turned out to enhance the reaction rate and to decrease the carbon monoxide concentration.
Dual-band Rat-Race Coupler with Bandwidth Enhancement (2006)

This paper presents the novel design of a dual-band rat-race coupler with enhanced bandwidth. This is accomplished by the insertion of two additional shunt stubs for bandwidth optimization. The proposed circuit features planar structure, low insertion loss and no via-hole required. For demonstration, the measured performance of a microstrip rat-race coupler operating at 2.45/5.8 GHz is shown. An improvement in bandwidth of 50-100% is achieved with line impedance ranging from 40-90 Omega
Supramolecular Multicomponent Self-Assembly of Shape-Adaptive Nanoprisms: Wrapping up C<sub>60</sub> with Three Porphyrin Units (2008)

Self-assembly of a C(3v) symmetric trisphenanthroline and linear bisterpyridines in the presence of Cu(+) did not furnish the expected supramolecular nanoprisms in quantitative yield. With an accurately sized tripyridine as a stabilizing template, the nanoprism formed exclusively. Furthermore, an adaptive constriction of the nanoprism was seen with C(60) as template: as a result of the smaller size of C(60) the nanoframework wrapped up around the guest like an accordion-type host system.
The diagnosis of von Willebrand disease: a guideline from the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organization (2004)

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the commonest inherited bleeding disorder. However, despite an increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of VWD, the diagnosis of VWD is frequently difficult because of uncertainty regarding the relationship between laboratory assays and function in vivo. The objective of this guideline is to provide contemporary advice on a rational approach to the diagnosis of VWD. This is the second edition of this UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation (UKHCDO) guideline and supersedes the previous edition which was published in 1997.
Studies of the Acidity and Ionic Conductivity of Silica-Supported Heteropoly Compounds. I. The Dehydration of <i>t</i>-Butyl Alcohol over Heteropoly Compound Catalysts (1989)

Abstract The dehydration of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) using various heteropoly compound (HPC) catalysts has been studied. Taking the adsorption of water on the surface of the catalyst into consideration, it is presumed that the dehydration of liquid TBA is governed by a Langmuir–Hinshelwood-like mechanism. Also, the change in the catalytic activity with the amount of HPC supported on the silica suggests that TBA is dehydrated through a pseudo-liquid mechanism in which a few layers of the HPC supported take part in the catalytic reaction. The layer thickness, regarded as a pseudo-liquid phase, depends markedly on the kind of HPC supported. For the dehydration of gaseous TBA, on the contrary, the reaction is found to be of the zero-order; it proceeds through in outer-surface mechanism in which only the outer layer of HPC is effective.
PSF halo reduction in adaptive optics using dynamic pupil masking (2009)

We describe a method to reduce residual speckles in an adaptive optics system which add to the halo of the point spread function (PSF). The halo is particularly problematic in astronomical applications involving the detection of faint companions. Areas of the pupil are selected where the residual wavefront aberrations are large and these are masked using a spatial light modulator. The method is also suitable for smaller telescopes without adaptive optics as a relatively simple method to increase the resolution of the telescope. We describe the principle of the technique and show simulation results.
Systematic Review on Infusion Reactions to and Infusion Rate of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in Cancer Treatment (2020)

We propose optimal infusion schedules for each drug.