gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Assembly Route to Inorganic Catalytic Nanoreactors Containing Sub‐10‐nm Gold Nanoparticles with Anti‐Aggregation Properties (2009)

Yolk–shell catalytic nanoreactors with sub-10-nm Au nanoparticles and a mesoporous ZrO2 or TiO2 shell are prepared from monodisperse hydrophobic Au nanoparticles through an assembly approach (see image). The nanoreactors demonstrate both a remarkable catalytic activity and anti-aggregation properties upon thermal treatment and recycling.
In Vitro Fluorescence, Toxicity and Phototoxicity Induced by δ-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) or ALA-Esters (2000)

Synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) derivatives is a promising way to improve the therapeutic properties of ALA, particularly cell uptake or homogeneity of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) synthesis. The fluorescence emission kinetics and phototoxic properties of ALA-n-pentyl ester (E1) and R,S-ALA-2-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuranyl ester (E2) were compared with those of ALA and assessed on C6 glioma cells. ALA (100 μg/mL), E1 and E2 (10 μg/mL) induced similar PpIX-fluorescence kinetics (maximum between 5 and 7 h incubation), fluorescence being limited to the cytoplasm. The 50% lethal dose occurred after 6 h with 45, 4 and 8 μg/mL of ALA, E1 and E2, respectively. ALA, E1 and E2 induced no dark toxicity when drugs were removed after 5 min of incubation. However, light (25 J/cm2) applied 6 h after 5 min incubation with 168 μg/mL of each compound induced 85% survival with ALA, 27% with E1 and 41% with E2. Increasing the incubation time with ALA, E1 and E2 before washing increased the phototoxicity, but E1 and E2 remained more efficient than ALA, regardless of incubation time. ALA-esters were more efficient than ALA in inducing phototoxicity after short incubation times, probably through an increase of the amount of PpIX synthesized by C6 cells.
Comparison of plasma NH3 and atomic H effects to Si-SiO2 interface (2006)

Plasma ammonia treatment at 400 o C leads to de-passivation of a fully hydrogenated Si-SiO 2 interface, and to passivation of a fully de-hydrogenated Si-SiO 2 interface.Plasma NH 3 exposure causes irreversible Si surface damage and degradation of thermal stability.Atomic hydrogen exposure, although it results in similar effects on the Si-SiO 2 interface, does not introduce additional defects or a decrease of the Si surface thermal stability.The difference between plasma NH 3 exposure and atomic H exposure is speculated to be due to either the nitridation of Si-SiO 2 interface or radiation damage resulting from plasma NH 3 exposure.EPR measurements indicate changes of the paramagnetic defect properties and an increase in the paramagnetic defect density generated by plasma NH 3 exposure.
<i>Dasheng</i>: A Recently Amplified Nonautonomous Long Terminal Repeat Element That Is a Major Component of Pericentromeric Regions in Rice (2002)

A new and unusual family of LTR elements, Dasheng, has been discovered in the genome of Oryza sativa following database searches of approximately 100 Mb of rice genomic sequence and 78 Mb of BAC-end sequence information. With all of the cis-elements but none of the coding domains normally associated with retrotransposons (e.g., gag, pol), Dasheng is a novel nonautonomous LTR element with high copy number. Over half of the approximately 1000 Dasheng elements in the rice genome are full length (5.6-8.6 kb), and 60% are estimated to have amplified in the past 500,000 years. Using a modified AFLP technique called transposon display, 215 elements were mapped to all 12 rice chromosomes. Interestingly, more than half of the mapped elements are clustered in the heterochromatic regions around centromeres. The distribution pattern was further confirmed by FISH analysis. Despite clustering in heterochromatin, Dasheng elements are not nested, suggesting their potential value as molecular markers for these marker-poor regions. Taken together, Dasheng is one of the highest-copy-number LTR elements and one of the most recent elements to amplify in the rice genome.
Benzomorphan analogues: Synthesis of some thieno[2,3‐<i>f</i>] morphans (1974)

Abstract A series of N ‐substituted 5,9‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐ f ]morphans and 5‐phenylthieno[2,3‐ f ] ‐ morphans has been prepared starting from 3,4‐dimethylpyridine and 4‐phenylpyridine and 3‐thenylbromide by an application of the Grewe morphinan synthesis. The thieno [2,3‐ f ]morphans were tested for analgetic activity, but only weak analgetic activity relative to toxicity and no morphine antagonism activity was observed.
Adenylyl cyclase in yeast: Antibodies and mutations identify a regulatory domain (1990)

The adenylyl cyclase system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains the CYR1 polypeptide, responsible for catalyzing formation of cAMP from ATP, and two RAS polypeptides, responsible for stimulation of cAMP synthesis by guanine nucleotides. We have obtained rabbit antibodies that recognize the CYR1 protein. Antibodies were raised against synthetic oligopeptides and against a recombinant beta-galactosidase/CYR1 fusion protein. These antibodies have allowed the identification of the CYR1 gene product as a 205 kDa protein. Treatment with trypsin (2 micrograms/ml) reduced the size of the CYR1 protein from 205 to 155 kDa and produced an activated enzyme which no longer responded to guanine nucleotides. This result is consistent with a model in which adenylyl cyclase activity is regulated by an inhibitory domain near the amino-terminus of the CYR1 protein. This model is further supported by the finding that adenylyl cyclase activity is also markedly elevated and unresponsive to guanine nucleotides in mutant yeast strains that express only the carboxy-terminal half of the CYR1 protein. Treatment with high trypsin concentrations (greater than 10 micrograms/ml) caused release of adenylyl cyclase activity from the membrane. Comparison of immunoreactive CYR1 fragments released by trypsin and membrane bound genetically altered proteins suggests that the CYR1 protein is attached to the membrane via a separate trypsin sensitive anchoring protein rather than via a membrane anchoring domain.
Probabilistic Data-Driven Prediction of Wellbore Signatures in High-Dimensional Data Using Bayesian Networks (2018)

Summary Accurate, data-driven, stochastic models for fluid-flow prediction in hydrocarbon reservoirs are of particular interest to reservoir engineers. Being computationally less costly than conventional physical simulations, such predictive models can serve as rapid-risk-assessment tools. In this research, we seek to probabilistically predict the oil-production rate at locations where limited data are observed using the available data at other spatial points in the oil field. To do so, we use the Bayesian network (BN), which is a modeling framework for capturing dependencies between uncertain variables in a high-dimensional system. The model is applied to a real data set from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and it is shown that BN is able to predict the production rate with 86% accuracy. The results are compared with neural-network and co-Kriging methods. Moreover, BN structure enables us to select the most-relevant variables for prediction, and thus we managed to reduce the input dimension from 36 to 17 variables while preserving the same prediction accuracy. Similarly, we use the local-linear-embedding (LLE) method as a feature-extraction tool to nonlinearly reduce the input dimension from 36 to 10 variables with negligible loss in accuracy. Accordingly, we claim that BN is a valuable modeling tool that can be efficiently used for probabilistic prediction and dimension reduction in the oil industry.
Thermal Degradation of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polypropylene Composites (2009)

The objective of the present article was to study the thermal degradation behavior of natural fiber polypropylene composites. Composite materials composed of 50% various natural fibers (wood flour, rice hulls, newsprint, and kenaf fibers) and polypropylene were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of compatibilzer on the thermal stability of the composites was also evaluated. Contributions of components of one composite formulation to thermal degradation were also evaluated. It was found that among natural fibers, rice hulls were the least thermally stable ones in a polypropylene matrix. The compatibilizer slightly reduced thermal stability while enhancing fiber—matrix interaction and fractional crystallinity. The overall thermal degradation profile of the composite materials was found to be a more or less arithmetic average of those of the components.
Darstellung und Molekülstruktur von 1,3‐Diaza‐2,4‐disilacyclobutanen (1981)

Abstract Lithio‐aminofluorsilane werden in der Reaktion von Aminofluorsilanen mit Butyllithium erhalten. Die thermische LiF‐Abspaltung aus Lithio‐aminofluorsilanen ist ein einfacher Syntheseweg für viergliedrige Silicium‐Stickstoff‐Ringe. Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen wurden von 1,3‐Bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐diaza‐2,4‐disilacyclobutan und von 2,4‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐2,4‐difluor‐1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐1,3‐diaza‐2,4‐disiacyclobutan durchgeführt.
The Design of Screening Libraries Targeted at G-Protein Coupled Receptors (2004)

The screening of large libraries in order to obtain hits for receptors of interest has been the mainstay of drug research for some time now. It is increasingly being recognised that this is a relatively inefficient way to achieve this end and the screening of libraries either designed or selected to hit particular targets is rapidly becoming the method of choice. The advantages in terms of success rate to achieve viable lead series are magnified by the cost and time savings achieved by screening more carefully selected groups of compounds. A number of approaches have been used for the design and production of such libraries or methods for selection of such focused sets from larger diverse collections. These range from combinatorially produced ligand-mimetic approaches through pharmacophore-based design to those methods based on statistical selection techniques. Most recently, progress in chemogenomic approaches has thrown new light on the relationship between receptor sequence and compounds that interact at particular receptors and this is also having an impact on the design of targeted libraries.
Separation of Organic Liquid Mixtures by Thermal Diffusion (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of Organic Liquid Mixtures by Thermal DiffusionA. Letcher Jones and Ernest C. MilbergerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 12, 2689–2696Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50528a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50528a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Entropy-Based Distortion Measure for Image Coding (2006)

Classical quality criteria for image coding are based on the mean square error. We investigate here the properties of a distortion measure based on differential entropy of the error signal. The proposed measure leads to an interesting alternative code design criterion. An adapted bit allocation algorithm is proposed in order to take advantage of this criterion. Experimental results illustrate the behavior of the proposed distortion measure and exhibit interesting psycho-visual properties.
Self-Assembly of Short Collagen-Related Peptides into Fibrils via Cation−π Interactions (2011)

Introduction of a cationic residue at the N-terminus and an aromatic residue at the C-terminus of a collagen-related peptide can generate favorable cation-π interactions between the termini of collagen triple helices. The experimental results indicate that such cation-π interactions can promote the self-assembly of collagen triple helices into a higher-order structure in a head-to-tail manner. Our current work shows that cation-π interactions can serve as an effective force in preparing collagen-related biomaterials.
The effects of phase steps in e-beam written phase-masks used for fibre grating fabrication by near-field holography (1997)

We report analysis and experimental results on the effects that intentional or unintentional phase steps in e-beam written phase-masks have on in-fibre Bragg gratings written using near-field holography.
Index Encoding for GPSM Multiuser MIMO Communication (2018)

This work focuses on precoded multiuser MIMO systems with index modulated signal vectors. That means that only certain positions in the signal vectors transmitted to the users contain information symbols (Information Bearing Positions- Ibp)and the particular IBP pattern represents part of the information conveyed to each user. Here we describe systems based on two precoders: Zero Forcing (ZF) and Block Diagonalization (BD) and propose procedures to optimize the choice by the base station of the indexes of the information bearing positions in the transmitted signal vectors (IBP encoding) aiming at improving detection performance. Additional requirements for the considered ZF and BD based systems such as receiver notification and channel estimation are addressed. Numerical results illustrate the resulting bit error rate for both precoders, the influence of the system parameters on the system performance and the performance gain obtained with the proposed IBP encoding optimization procedures.
LDA Measurements and Numerical Prediction of Pulsatile Laminar Flow in a Plane 90-Degree Bifurcation (1988)

An experimental and numerical study of pulsatile laminar flow in a plane 90-degree bifurcation is presented. Detailed LDA velocity measurements of the oscillatory flow field have been carried out. The numerical predictions, which are based on an iterative, finite-difference numerical procedure using primitive dependent variables, are in good agreement with the measurements. The results show that one separation zone is established near the bottom wall of the main duct and another near the upstream wall of the branch. The location and size of the separation zones vary within the cycle and are influenced by the Reynolds number, the flow rate ratio, and the Stokes number.
The 5' ends of Hantaan virus (Bunyaviridae) RNAs suggest a prime-and-realign mechanism for the initiation of RNA synthesis (1995)

We examined the 5' ends of Hantaan virus (HTN) genomes and mRNAs to gain insight into the manner in which these chains were initiated. Like those of all members of the family Bunyaviridae described so far, the HTN mRNAs contained 5' terminal extensions that were heterogeneous in both length and sequence, presumably because HTN also "cap snatches" host mRNAs to initiate the viral mRNAs. Unexpectedly, however, almost all of the mRNAs contained a G residue at position -1, and a large fraction also lacked precisely one of the three UAG repeats at the termini. The genomes, on the other hand, commenced with a U residue at position +1, but only 5' monophosphates were found here, indicating that these chains may not have initiated with UTP at this position. Taken together, these unusual findings suggest a prime-and-realign mechanism of chain initiation in which mRNAs are initiated with a G-terminated host cell primer and genomes with GTP, not at the 3' end of the genome template but internally (opposite the template C at position +3), and after extension by one or a few nucleotides, the nascent chain realigns backwards by virtue of the terminal sequence repeats, before processive elongation takes place. For genome initiation, an endonuclease, perhaps that involved in cap snatching, is postulated to remove the 5' terminal extension of the genome, leaving the 5' pU at position +1.
Intermolecular interactions in sodium deoxycholate micelles: an NMR study involving a spin-labeled cholestane (1987)

A IH and I3C NMR study of the interaction between sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) micelles and a nitroxide probe (cholestane\nspin-label, CSL) is presented. It is shown that CSL primarily interacts with the fi face of NaDC. The 'H NMR relaxation\ndata enable the spatial geometry of the interaction to be defined. van der Waals energy calculations show that the CSL-NaDC\ninteraction corresponds to a minimum if a helical model, previously proposed, is assumed for the NaDC micelle. At high\nconcentrations of CSL, the CSL-NaDC interaction changes and the a face of NaDC may also become involved in the interaction.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ion Engine Accelerator Grid Erosion (1995)

Structural failure of the accelerator grid in two-grid ion optics due to charge exchange ion erosion is considered one of the dominant failure modes for ion engines. A detailed examination of three accelerator grids used in long duration tests of inert gas ion thrusters was undertaken to characterize the radial mass loss distribution, the local distribution of mass loss in the erosion pattern and how it varies as the pattern evolves. The results show significant broadening of the radial profile compared to what is expected in space with significant variations from grid to grid. The local distribution of mass loss and how it varies with increasing total mass loss in the erosion pattern was also found to differ considerably among the three grids. The results indicate that the details of the erosion geometry cannot be ignored when generalizing test results or modeling grid failure to calculate useful engine service life.
Observations on the ponderomotive force (2017)

The ponderomotive force is an important concept in plasma physics and, in particular, plays an important role in many aspects of the theory of laser plasma interactions including current concerns like wakefield acceleration and Raman amplification. The most familiar form of this gives a force on a charged particle that is proportional to the slowly varying gradient of the intensity of a high frequency electromagnetic field and directed down the intensity gradiant. For a field amplitude simply oscillating in time there is a simple derivation of this formula, but in the more general case of a travelling wave the problem is more difficult. Over the years there has been much work on this using Hamiltonian or Lagrangian averaging techniques, but little or no investigation of how well these theories work. Here we look at the very basic problem of a particle entering a region with a monotonically increasing electrostatic field amplitude and being reflected. We show that the equation of motion derived from a widely quoted ponderomotive potential only agrees with the numerically computed orbit within a restricted parameter range and that outside this range it shows features which are inconsistent with any ponderomotive potential quadratic in the field amplitude. Since the ponderomotive force plays a fundamental role in a variety of problems in plasma physics we think that it is important to point out that even in the simplest of configurations standard theories may not be accurate.
Control loops selection to damp inter-area oscillations of electrical networks (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. This paper reports on results of a study whose objectives Is to demonstrate that a systematic, yet straightforward method based on well-known system theoretical analysis tools can be applied to select the control loops which improve the inter-area dynamic stability while minimizing the Interactions among local and global controllers. Two complementary measures are Involved In the measurement and control signals selection : the geometric measures which allow to choose signal pairs maximizing the controllability and observability of inter-area modes, and the singular-value based total Interaction measure which focuses on minimizing the interactions between the local or global loops at the inter-area natural frequency. As a practical illustration of the proposed measurements and controllers pairing scheme, the linearized model of a nine areas twenty three generators power system involving nine inter-area modes is used. The results obtained show that communication links between areas may deem necessary on one hand to improve the inter-area modes observability-controllability and on the other hand to reduce the interaction between the control loops at the inter-area natural frequencies. The usefulness of such an analysis in minimizing the number of communication links without degrading the overall control system performance is highlighted.
Preoperative Evaluation of the Radial Forearm Free Flap Patient with the Objective Allen's Test (2000)

The OAT is an objective measure of forearm vascular flow and is superior to conventional SAT in RFFF donor-site selection.
Reactions of [Cp*(.cxa.)Ru(OMe)]2. 15. Cp*Ru Complexes of Highly Fluorinated Arenes. Molecular Structure of [Cp.cxa.Ru(.eta.6-C6F5-OH)]CF3SO3 and Extremely Facile F/OH Exchange in Coordinated Fluoroarene Ligands (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of [Cp*(.cxa.)Ru(OMe)]2. 15. Cp*Ru Complexes of Highly Fluorinated Arenes. Molecular Structure of [Cp.cxa.Ru(.eta.6-C6F5-OH)]CF3SO3 and Extremely Facile F/OH Exchange in Coordinated Fluoroarene LigandsUlrich Koelle, Andreas Hoernig, and Ulli EnglertCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 10, 4064–4066Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00022a049https://doi.org/10.1021/om00022a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts