gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated carbon-filled cellulose acetate hollow-fiber membrane for cell immobilization and phenol degradation (2000)

The activated carbon-filled cellulose acetate (CA) hollow-fiber membranes were prepared by using phase-inverse technique and subsequently characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), and tensile analysis. The SEM observation demonstrated that the activated carbon-filled CA hollow-fiber membranes possess four-layer structure, which consists of an external skin dense layer, an external void layer, a central sponge layer, and an internal skin dense layer, whereas the pure CA hollow-fiber membranes lack the macrovoid layer. As the measurement of AFM, the roughness of both internal and external surface of activated carbon-filled fibers is much higher than that of pure CA fiber, respectively. Higher Young's modulus and storage modulus of filled membranes indicate that the activated carbon particles were homogeneously dispersed in the polymeric matrix. To investigate the feasibility of the newly developed hollow-fiber membranes for cell immobilization cells and to evaluate the inhibitory effect of phenol on immobilized cells, Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17484 was chosen to be immobilized on both pure CA and activated carbon-filled hollow-fiber membranes. Batch experiments for phenol biodegradation were carried out for both free suspension and immobilized cells at the initial concentration of 1500 mg/L phenol. In the case of free suspension, neither cell growth nor phenol degradation occurred to any measurable extent up to 35 h. We found that both pure CA fiber and activated carbon-filled fiber immobilization systems can completely degrade the phenol. However, the biodegradation rate of activated carbon-filled fiber system was higher than that of pure CA fiber system. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 695–707, 2000
PD-1–Mediated Attrition of Polyfunctional Memory CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Toxoplasma Infection (2012)

We reported earlier that during chronic toxoplasmosis CD8(+) T cells become functionally exhausted with concomitant PD-1 upregulation, leading to eventual host mortality. However, how immune exhaustion specifically mediates attrition of CD8 polyfunctionality, a hallmark of potent T-cell response, during persistent infections has not been addressed. In this study, we demonstrate that PD-1 is preferentially expressed on polyfunctional memory CD8(+) T cells, which renders them susceptible to apoptosis. In vitro blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway dramatically reduces apoptosis of polyfunctional and interferon γ(+)/granzyme B(-) memory but not effector CD8(+) T cells. In summary, the present report underscores the critical role of the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway in mediating attrition of this important CD8(+) T-cell subset and addresses the mechanistic basis of how αPD-L1 therapy reinvigorates polyfunctional CD8 response during chronic infections. The conclusions of this study can have profound immunotherapeutic implications in combating recrudescent toxoplasmosis as well other chronic infections.
Introductory (2010)

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Cheddar Cheese Made from Milk that was Precultured with Psychrotrophic Bacteria (1977)

Cheddar cheese was made from milks with and without growth of psychrotrophic bacteria before pasteurization. Chemical and bacteriological evaluations were made on the milks and on whey and cheese from the milks. Sensory evaluation was also done on cheese samples. The percentage of nonprotein nitrogen and noncasein nitrogen increased over control milks when milk with psychrotrophic bacteria was held at 4.4 C for 7 days. Processing time was decreased and a firmer curd resulted when Cheddar cheese was made from milk cultured with psychrotrophic bacteria rather than control milk. Differences were minor for milkfat, moisture, nitrogen content, and pH between cheeses made from control and precultured milks. Sensory evaluation revealed little difference between cheeses from control and treated milks at 3 mo of ripening at 4.4 or 10 C. Unacceptable changes became evident at 6 too, especially for cheeses ripened at 10 C.
A New Polymeric Material for Scale Inhibition and Removal (1996)

Abstract A novel sulfonated copolymer is introduced for boiler and cooling water treatment. The new sulfonated polymer is demonstrated to exhibit a wide range of functionalities. Through laboratory static, dynamic, and field evaluations, the new polymer is shown to exceed the functionality of existing technologies. Static testing reveals that the new polymer demonstrates equivalent or better performance for calcium phosphate and zinc stabilization. Static high pressure testing demonstrates the superior thermal stability of the new polymer when compared to existing sulfonated polymers. Dynamic testing presents the new polymer's ability to stabilize calcium phosphate under field like conditions. Field trials show the ability of the new polymer to disperse and resolubilize pre-existing deposits. The properties of the new polymer presented make it a valuable tool for cooling and boiler water treatment programs.
Current Status of Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer (2010)

In this article, we review the rationale for and outcomes associated with the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for resectable and borderline resectable cancer of the pancreatic head and uncinate process. Localized pancreatic cancer is a systemic disease that requires nonoperative therapies to minimize the local and systemic recurrences that almost invariably occur in the absence of such therapy, even following complete surgical resection. A well-defined role exists for the systemic administration of gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil in the postoperative setting. Although the survival benefit associated with adjuvant chemoradiation has not been as rigorously defined, its use is supported by extensive historic experience; chemoradiation should be considered particularly for patients at high risk for local recurrence. Delivery of chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation prior to surgery has multiple potential advantages, although the superiority of neoadjuvant therapy over standard postoperative therapy has yet to be demonstrated. Neoadjuvant therapy may be particularly beneficial among patients with borderline resectable cancers. Although the existing literature is confusing, and indeed controversial, available evidence suggests that systemic chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation should be offered to all patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo potentially curative resection. Well-designed prospective trials are needed to define the optimal adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy strategy for these patients.
Interpretation of Raman Spectra of Nitro-Containing Explosive Materials. Part I: Group Frequency and Structural Class Membership (1997)

Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy has been used to obtain high-quality spectra of 32 explosive materials. The majority of the spectra of these explosives have not previously been reported. Twenty-eight of the explosives have been categorized into three classes (nitrates esters, nitro-aromatics, and nitramines) based on their chemical structure, the position of the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the nitro group, and the shapes of the band envelopes. The spectra of exceptional explosives are discussed in terms of their unique structures or compositions.
Renal tubular transport of Diodrast-I<sup>131</sup> and PAH in Necturus: evidence for simultaneous reabsorption and secretion (1959)

Renal plasma clearances were determined in pithed Necturi from samples of cloacal urine and branchial arterial blood. Simultaneous clearance of creatinine and inulin carboxylic acid-C 14 corresponded closely. Diodrast-I 131 and/or para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearances were less than simultaneous creatinine clearances in about 80% of the Necturi. At low plasma concentrations of Diodrast and/or PAH, Diodrast/ creatinine and/or PAH/creatinine clearance ratios were independent of concentration and exhibited a seasonal variation, approximating 0.2 in ‘winter’ and 0.5 in ‘summer.’ In a random 20% of the animals, however, ratios were greater than unity, approximating 2.0. In both groups of animals the ratios generally approached unity at high plasma concentrations. However, under the conditions of high PAH and low Diodrast concentrations in the group with initial ratios less than unity, the Diodrast ratio approximated 2.0. These data are interpreted as evidence that in Necturus kidney over-all tubular transport of Diodrast and PAH is the net result of simultaneous reabsorption out of and secretion into tubular urine.
Comparaison de l'effet cryoprotecteur de différents glucides sur le sperme de truite arc-en-ciel<i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> (1994)

National audience
Adrian Piper: A Retrospective (2001)

One of the most influential artists of her generation, Adrien Piper has produced an exceptionally impressive body of work spanning a period of over thirty years. She played a formative role in the emergence of Conceptual art in the 1960-s and 1970s and an even more crucial role in the development of identity-based art in the 1980s and 1990s. Perhaps her most significant contribution has been to reaffirm the utopian potential of avant-garde art to transform society. Specifically, her reliance on minimalist and conceptualist forms generally thought by critics to be hermetic to effect social change has actually enhanced the ability of art to motivate viewers to examine intransigent attitudes about race, gender, and difference. A prominent philosopher as well as an artist, Piper has produced objects, installations, performances, videos, and soundworks that have established a direct, active relationship between artist and spectator, permitting neither to retreat to the usual defensive rationalizations that distance art from subjects as discomforting as personal bigotry and xenophobia. This catalogue, produced in conjunction with the retrospective exhibition organized by Maurice Berger, is the most comprehensive book ever published on the artist. Prolifically illustrated, it includes essays by Berger, Laura Cottingham, Jean Fisher, Kobena Mercer, Dara Meyers-Kinglsey, and the artist herself that illuminate the complex relationships between form and content in Piper's oeuvre from a variety of perspectives.
The best of Viburnum plicatum (2001)

Sortimentsonderzoek en sterrenkeuring van 15 Viburnum plicatum-cultivars. In dit artikel worden de allerbeste cultivars afgebeeld en beschreven
Acetyl-L-Carnitine: Chronic Treatment Improves Spatial Acquisition in a New Environment in Aged Rats (1995)

Chronic Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) treatment prevents some age-related memory impairment. The present experiment examined the effects of aging and ALCAR in Fischer 344 rats on retention of spatial discrimination test in a familiar environment (FE), and on the acquisition of a spatial discrimination in a novel environment (NE). Rats 18 months or 3 months old were trained with a new procedure to assess spatial discrimination in the Morris water maze. Performance during acquisition in FE was used to assign each old rat to one of two classes: Good Performers (GP) and Poor Performers (PP) based on their swim time to reach the platform. The old rats displayed heterogeneous performance and a spatial discrimination deficit. Chronic ALCAR treatment enhanced spatial acquisition in the NE of rats with age-related behavioral impairments and had a slight effect on retention of the spatial discrimination in the FE.
HLAMatchmaker Algorithm is not a Suitable Tool to Predict the Alloreactive Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response in vitro (2004)

Both donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are important mediators of graft rejection. HLAMatchmaker determines the amino acid triplets on antibody-accessible sites of the HLA molecule that are not shared between patient and donor. A previous study showed a strong positive correlation between the number of triplet mismatches and the percentage of individuals producing HLA antibodies. In the present study, we tested whether the number of triplet mismatches is predictive for the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequency in vitro. The analysis was performed on 108 HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 identical patient-donor combinations registered by the Europdonor foundation, with a single HLA class I mismatch and in healthy responder-stimulator combinations mismatched for at least one HLA class I antigen. The results show that there is no strong correlation between the number of triplet mismatches and the CTLp frequency. Even in the case of zero triplet mismatches, a high CTLp frequency can be found. This lack of correlation is probably caused by the fact that HLAMatchmaker considers only triplets on antibody-accessible positions, whereas CTLs also recognize other epitopes on the HLA molecule, including the bound peptides.
Zonula occludens‐1 and connexin 43 expression in the failing human heart (2007)

Focal disorganization of gap junctional distribution and down-regulation of the major gap junctional protein connexin 43 are typical features of myocardial remodelling in the failing human heart. Increasing evidence indicates that connexin 43 interacts with zonula-occludens-1 (ZO-1), and it has recently been shown that ZO-1 promotes the formation and growth of gap junctional plaques. In the present study, distribution patterns of ZO-1 and connexin 43 were studied in normal and in heart failure patients using double-label immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. ZO-1 was found to be co-localized with connexin 43 at intercalated disks. Importantly, in patients with heart failure due to dilated or ischaemic cardiomyopathy, areas of diminished connexin 43 expression were characterized by a markedly reduced ZO-1 staining. Based on these data it is concluded that in patients with heart failure, down-regulation of ZO-1 matches the diminished expression levels of connexin 43, suggesting that ZO-1 plays an important role in gap junction formation and gap junction plaque stability.
Image Unsteadiness in 16mm Film for Television (1971)

The increasing use of 16mm color film for television necessitates a close examination of its technical performance. An investigation into the image unsteadiness encountered in typical 16mm films and the contributory causes of this defect are described. Tests have been made to determine the degree of steadiness necessary to give satisfactory television presentation and the subjective loss of picture quality caused by various magnitudes of types of unsteadiness.
Methods for conflict resolution in policy-based management systems (2004)

While developments in distributed object computing environments, such as the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) by the Object Management Group (2000) and the Telecommunication Intelligent Network Architecture (TINA) by H. Mulder (2002), have enabled interoperability between domains in large open distributed systems, managing the resources within such systems has become an increasingly complex task. This challenge has been considered for several years within the distributed systems management research community and policy-based management has recently emerged as a promising solution. Large evolving enterprises present a significant challenge for policy-based management partly due to the requirement to support both mutual transparency and individual autonomy between domains according to C. Bidan and V. Issarny (1998), but also because the fluidity and complexity of interactions occurring within such environments requires an ability to cope with the existence of multiple, potentially inconsistent policies. This paper discusses the need for providing both dynamic (run-time) and static (compile-time) conflict detection and resolution for policies in such systems and builds on our earlier conflict detection work (Dunlop et al., 2001, 2002) to introduce the methods for conflict resolution in large open distributed systems.
A Joint Minimax Approach for Binaural Rendering of Audio Through Loudspeakers (2007)

This paper describes a method for jointly designing the crosstalk cancellation filters to facilitate binaural rendering of audio through loudspeakers. The minimax criterion is used to design the immersive audio rendering filters having finite impulse responses for a single listener using loudspeakers. The work presented is applied to the traditional Atal-Schroeder crosstalk canceler structure. The minimax approach provides improved low frequency performance and a better overall separation of the direct path and cross path transfer functions than the conventional least-squares designs.
Nematodes and bacteria on rose: Root-lesion nematode and hairy-root bacterium on important rose crop in southern California controlled by treatments (1958)

Two limiting factors in the $4 million field grown rose bush crop of southern California are root-lesion and hairy-root diseases.
Stimulation of Mucosal Growth by Gastric and Ileal Infusion of Single Amino Acids in Parenterally Nourished Rats (1981)

The effect on the intestinal mucosa of continuously infusing single amino acids, glycine, valine and histidine into the stomach and ileum was compared with saline and an amino acid mixture (AA) in rats fed to parenteral nutrition. After gastric infusion, glycine did not differ from saline, valine increased mucosa in the proximal segments and histidine alone increased mucosa in the proximal bowel equal to AA. After ileal infusion, all amino acids increased mucosa in the ileum. Valine and histidine, but not glycine, increased mucosa in the remote proximal small bowel. Therefore, regional differences occur in mucosal growth response to single amino acids.
A Computer System for Simulating the Transfer of Pollutants over Complex Terrain - Some Recent Applications (1993)

The EURIDICE code system, jointly developed by the CEA-France and DEMOKRITOS-Greece, is an ensemble of codes designed to perform wind field calculations and atmospheric dispersion analysis at meso and/or local scale level, over terrain of great complexity and under realistic meteorological conditions. The implemented concept of partially active (i.e. containing air/ground contact surfaces) user-defined computational cells with high terrain resolution permits the performance of efficient and reliable boundary layer analysis using reasonable computation resources. Eulerian, puff, and Monte Carlo dispersion models are incorporated into the system. Some of the recent applications of the Euridice code system are presented here, including simulations of the ASCOT Rocky Flats experiments and dispersion in the Greater Athens area.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-verrucarol (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-verrucarolWilliam R. Roush and Thomas E. D'AmbraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 4, 1058–1060Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00342a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00342a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evidence for the adaptation of protein pH-dependence to subcellular pH (2009)

There exists a constraint on protein pH-dependence, in relation to the local pH, that is manifested in the pKa distribution of histidine sub-proteomes. This is discussed in terms of protein stability, pH homeostasis, and fluctuations in proton concentration.
Evaluation of leukocyte esterase activity as a rapid screening technique for bacteriuria (1982)

Microscopy and leukocyte esterase activity, both employed as screening techniques for urine cultures, were evaluated with respect to two distinct populations, male and female. When 424 urine specimens from males were examined, 95% of the Gram-stained smears and 91% of the leukocyte esterase tests correctly correlated with culture results, indicating significant bacteriuria. There were no significant differences between the Gram stain and leukocyte esterase activity in predicting a negative culture: 99% and 98%, respectively. Neither microscopy nor esterase activity proved as sensitive or as efficient in predicting a negative culture with the female population.
A three-degrees-of-freedom micromotion in-parallel actuated manipulator (1991)

The development of a three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) micromotion in-parallel actuated manipulator is discussed. The micromotion manipulator, which has one translation and two orientation freedoms, is actuated by piezoelectric effect. A closed-form solution and an experimental verification of the forward kinematics are presented. In addition, the dynamic model of the piezoelectric actuated link was determined experimentally, providing a rational basis for the design and prismatic joint force control of the high-speed micromotion manipulator. A special configuration that approaches an optimal design, in terms of working range, rigidity, and bandwidth, is highlighted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hurthle cell tumor. (1997)

Hurthle cell tumor is rare type of thyroid tumor. There are few recent reports about the proper management of patients with Hurthle cell tumors. We reviewed our patients from 1988 to 1994 with pathological proof of Hurthle cell tumor. There were 26 patients in total: four cases were Hurthle cell carcinoma and the other twenty-two cases were Hurthle cell adenoma. Only one patient with Hurthle cell carcinoma is male and all the others were female. All of them except one with metastatic bone lesion presented with painless neck mass. The mean size of the tumor in carcinoma patients is 3.7 cm and in adenoma patient 2.3 cm. Five patients had multiple adenoma. The mean age of carcinoma patients is 49.5 years and the adenoma patients 45.1 years. No patient had a history of exposure to low dose radiation. The only carcinoma patient with bone metastases has positive radioactive iodine uptake. Lobectomy is advised for adenoma patients and total thyroidectomy for carcinoma patients. There were no operative complications in these patients. No local recurrence or metastases occurred in those patients with Hurthle cell adenoma. One patient with adenoma died of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Our conclusion is that most Hurthle cell tumors have a gender preponderance toward female. Carcinoma patients seem to be older than adenoma patients and tumor size is larger, but no discriminative point can be found. Pathological diagnosis with capsular or vascular invasion is accurate for differentiating benign from malignant tumors. No benign adenoma tumor had recurrence or metastases during follow up. Lobectomy is adequate for adenoma patients and total thyroidectomy for carcinoma patients. All of these patients need long term follow-up.