gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MINIREVIEW The Enigmatic X Gene of Hepatitis B Virus (2013)

With an estimate of 350 million people chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide, it is critically important to understand how persistent HBV infection is maintained and linked to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and development of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) (39). This review will focus on the HBV nonstructural X protein (HBx), a key regulatory protein of the virus that is at the intersection of HBV infection, replication, pathogenesis, and possibly carcinogenesis. The exact role of HBx in viral replication has yet to be established, and its link to the progression of HCC remains controversial. Moreover, it is still unclear whether development of HCC associated with chronic infection by HBV involves a viral protein, is solely the consequence of a continual inflammatory response to infection, or requires both. Understanding the role of HBx in HBV replication and its effect on hepatocyte biology may help resolve this issue. This review describes key studies and activities of HBx, often interpreted within the context of the viral life cycle. The reader is referred to several comprehensive reviews on the reported biological properties of HBx (3, 78, 137). HBV
Effect of Nanoparticle Surface Coating on Cell Toxicity and Mitochondria Uptake (2017)

We report on the effect of surface charge and the ligand coating composition of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles on human keratinocyte toxicity using fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy. Two commonly reported positive charged (cysteamine, polyethylenimine) and two negative charged (glutathione, dihydrolipoic acid) ligands were studied. The QDs were fully characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. Differences in surface coatings and charges were evaluated against cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity, and mitochondrial targeting. Results show that the negative charged QDs coated with GSH exhibit excellent water solubility, high quantum yield and low cytotoxicity. Ligand composition is more important in ROS generation than surface charge whereas surface charge is an important driver of cytotoxicity. Most importantly we observe the selective accumulation of glutathione coated QDs in vesicles in the mitochondria matrix. This observation suggests a new strategy for developing mitochondria-targeted nanomaterials for drug/gene delivery.
Proteomic Studies on Low- and High-Grade Human Brain Astrocytomas (2005)

Human brain astrocytomas range from the indolent low-grade to the highly infiltrating and aggressive high-grade form, also known as glioblastoma multiforme. The extensive heterogeneity of astrocytic tumors complicates their pathological classification. In this study, we compared the protein pattern of low-grade fibrillary astrocytomas to that of glioblastoma multiforme by 2D electrophoresis. The level of most proteins remains unchanged between the different grade tumors and only few differences are reproducibly observable. Fifteen differentially expressed proteins, as well as seventy conserved spots, were identified by mass spectrometry. Western and immnunohistochemical analysis confirmed the differential expression of the identified proteins. These data provide an initial reference map for brain gliomas. Among the proteins more highly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme, we found peroxiredoxin 1 and 6, the transcription factor BTF3, and alpha-B-crystallin, whereas protein disulfide isomerase A3, the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein are increased in low-grade astrocytomas. Our findings contribute to deepening our knowledge of the factors that characterize this class of tumors and, at the same time, can be applied toward the development of novel molecular biomakers potentially useful for an accurate classification of the grade of astrocytomas.
Longitudinal and Lateral Fuzzy Control Systems Design for Intelligent Vehicles (2006)

In this paper, the longitudinal and lateral fuzzy control vehicle systems are considered separately due to the decoupling under the assumption of small varying velocity and steering angle. Firstly, the problem of longitudinal control system design is to concentrate on the car-following strategy and the single-input fuzzy logic controller (SFLC) is adopted here to achieve a safety-distance keeping between the preceding and following vehicles with the same velocity and acceleration. Besides, the pole-placement technique with proposed fuzzy gain scheduling (FGS) and observer design are developed to improve the lateral control of vehicles. The kernel of FGS is the inference rule base which provides a natural environment to incorporate engineering judgment and human knowledge for vehicle steering controller. Moreover, FGS can also be anticipated to handle the substantial nonlinearities in vehicle dynamics, the tire characteristics or asymmetry in mechanism. Finally, the simulation results show the efficiency of our approach.
A new telescope for wide-band gamma-ray astronomy: The Silicon Compton Recoil Telescope (SCRT) (1994)

A new prototype gamma-ray telescope is described which is sensitive from 0.3 to 30 MeV as a Compton telescope and to 100 MeV as a pair detector. The Silicon Compton Recoil Telescope (SCRT) uses multilayers of silicon strip detectors as a Compton gamma-ray converter. Recoil electrons are tracked with the silicon strip detectors, and their energy losses and directions are measured. The direction and energy of the Compton-scattered gamma rays are measured with CsI(Tl)-photodiode detectors. Thus unique directions and energies are found for each incident gamma ray for the first time and without the background of overlapping rings. SCRT is the first Compton telescope to image the gamma-ray sky directly. It can also detect electron-positron pairs from gamma rays above 5 MeV, extending SCRT's sensitivity to above 100 MeV. Typical resolutions are 3% (FWHM) in energy at 2 MeV and 0.5 deg (1 sigma) in angle. The proposed prototype SCRT instrument has a sensitive area of 650 sq cm, a detection efficiency of 3%, a size reduction by about an order of magnitude, and a sensitivity of 15 millicrab for a typical Compton Observatory exposure. SCRT can also measure the polarization of the incident gamma rays, especially at low energies and large scattered angles. Simulation calculations and a discussion of results with a laboratory model are presented.
Colloidal gold, a useful marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. (1977)

Electron dense markers of a size suitable for transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been prepared with gold granules labeled with a monolayer of specific macromolecules. The optimum conditions for preparing the markers have been ascertained. The method is simple, rapid and seems to be general since gold granules have been labeled with polysaccharides and proteins. As homogeneous populations of gold granules having different sizes can be prepared, the method is also suitable for double marking experiments. The gold technique is illustrated by the localization of polysaccharides and glycoproteins on yeast cell walls and erythrocyte membranes by transmission electron microscopy and on yeast cells and intact erythrocytes by scanning electron microscopy. Good spatial resolution of the marker was achieved in all cases. The method is also suitable for marking thin sections. Spectrophotometric measurements were used to determine the number of gold granules adsorbed per cell.
Investigation of Defects in Grapes Delivered to California Wineries 1957 (1958)

Delay in harvesting causes increased rot, as do overcropping and late irrigation. Wine grapes are generally more susceptible to rot than table and raisin grapes. Area <i>per se</i> has no effect. Rain during the vintage greatly increases rot. The degree of insect infestation varies between areas and seasons, and with time of harvest. Varietal differences in susceptibility to infestation are due mainly to differences in cluster compactness. Infestation increases with increasing amounts of rot up to a maximum, but rot can be used only in a general way as an index of the degree of infestation. The data obtained to date are insufficient fo establish industry-wide grades for defects for all grape varieties. Three 42-pound samples from a gondola load are representative of the bunches in the load. The mean of single samples taken af the E position from two or more loads is representative of the true mean of the bunches in the loads. Three 82-pound samples from a gondola load are not representative of the berries in the load.
Hysteresis motor using magnetically anisotropic Fe-Cr-Co magnet (1998)

For the rotor ring of the hysteresis motor, semihard Alnico magnets have been almost applied until now. However, the hysteresis motor using Alnico magnets has several disadvantages. In order to improve the disadvantages of conventional hysteresis motors, the Fe-Cr-Co magnet steel with magnetic anisotropy is applied for hysteresis rotor ring. Magnetic anisotropy is used to cause large reluctance torque and large hysteresis torque at synchronous pull out. It is made clear from experimental results that these hysteresis motors have large output, high efficiency, and high power factor, to add the reluctance torque to hysteresis torque effectively.
Frailty as a Predictor of Surgical Outcomes in Older Patients (2010)

Frailty independently predicts postoperative complications, length of stay, and discharge to a skilled or assisted-living facility in older surgical patients and enhances conventional risk models. Assessing frailty using a standardized definition can help patients and physicians make more informed decisions.
CROSSTALK MODELING FOR CALCULATION OF ADSL2+ DOWNSTREAM BIT RATES (2007)

Crosstalk is the main limiting factor in DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) transmission services ; especially in cases when number of DSL transmission systems in a cable binder increases. Successful methods for decreasing crosstalk will improve reach, and bit rate of DSL systems. As well, from the spectrum management point of view, it is very important to have convenient positions of transmission systems in a cable binder, because of the way they generate crosstalk on a given DSL transmission system. In this paper we provide calculation of downstream bit rate on ADSL2+ local loops limited by crosstalk noise. Two parameters are crucial for our calculation method: number of active ADSL2+ systems in a cable binder, and their positions inside the binder. In order to calculate bit rate on ADSL2+ loops we have provided an in-depth analysis of a local telecom operator's cable infrastructure in terms of crosstalk. On the basis of measurements carried out on twisted quad cables in the frequency range from 20 kHz up to 2.2 MHz, and on twisted pair lengths between 300 m and 1700 m, we have derived theoretical models of far-end crosstalk (FEXT) and insertion gain. The measurements were performed on cables that are part of operating infrastructure, not on cables on a reel, thus providing a true insight into the situation telecoms worldwide are facing today. Simulation results indicate that number and selection of active loops in a cable binder have a great impact on a bit rate. Presented bit rate calculation method and crosstalk models are a useful tool for planning of access network and ADSL-based services.
The Role of Mitochondria in Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Signaling (2008)

Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to the etiology of both "normal" senescence and severe pathologies with serious public health implications. Several cellular sources, including mitochondria, are known to produce significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to intracellular oxidative stress. Mitochondria possess at least 10 known sites that are capable of generating ROS, but they also feature a sophisticated multilayered ROS defense system that is much less studied. This review summarizes the current knowledge about major components involved in mitochondrial ROS metabolism and factors that regulate ROS generation and removal at the level of mitochondria. An integrative systemic approach is applied to analysis of mitochondrial ROS metabolism, which is "dissected" into ROS generation, ROS emission, and ROS scavenging. The in vitro ROS-producing capacity of several mitochondrial sites is compared in the metabolic context and the role of mitochondria in ROS-dependent intracellular signaling is discussed.
Actions and Interactions of Antithrombin and Heparin (1975)

THE coagulation of blood occurs via two pathways in which activation of specific plasma proteins initiates a cascade of reactions that ultimately lead to a fibrin clot. In the first pathway, injury to the endothelial cell layer exposes collagen1 , 2 or other subintimal components that activate Factor XII. Activated Factor XII activates Factor XI,3 which, in turn, activates Factor IX.4 Together with platelets and a cofactor, Factor VIII, activated Factor IX then activates Factor X.4 In the second pathway, subtle alterations in the endothelium expose tissue factor, which activates Factor VII,5 which in turn directly activates Factor X.5 Once activated by . . .
Report on Shellfish Poison (1958)

Journal Article Report on Shellfish Poison Get access Earl F Mcfarren Earl F Mcfarren Associate Refere Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati 26, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 41, Issue 2, 1 May 1958, Pages 272–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/41.2.272a Published: 07 February 2020
Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguides With Self Aligned and Electrically Contacted Thin Semiconductor Cores Exhibiting High Optical Confinement and Low Loss (2013)

A metal insulator metal (MIM) waveguide structure which propagates a strongly confined sub-wavelength plasmon mode is proposed. In particular the structure permits electrical pumping of the waveguide core. The waveguide can in principle be fabricated with thin cores down to a few tens of nano meters wide. When quantum well material is employed, the waveguide core can be formed with self aligned quantum wire or quantum dot gain material. The performance of the proposed structure is compared to other plasmon mode and dielectric waveguide structures, and shown to provide significantly improved confinement of energy in the high index waveguide core. The implications of such waveguides when used as electrically pumped waveguides for optical amplifiers and nano-lasers is examined. It is shown that these electrically pumped waveguide structures offer the possibility of net modal gains in the region of 1900 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , and nano-lasers with intrinsic optical modulation frequencies reaching into the THz regime with minimum pump currents on the order of sixty micro-amps.
[Expression of CD117, CD34, SMA, S-100 protein, Vim and desmin in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors]. (2008)

GISTs occur mostly in the stomach and small intestines, and endoscopy, ultrasound endoscope and CT examination are effective modalities for diagnosis of GISTs. A definite diagnosis of GISTs can be established in the presence of positive expression of CD117 and CD34 and negative expression of Desmin in the tumor.
Electronic Braille pad (2009)

A low cost Braille pad is developed for enabling the visually impaired people to read text document from personal computer by means of tactile perception. Tactile sensation is one of the most important sensory functions along with the auditory sensation for the visually impaired person since it replaces the visual sensation of the person with sight. Braille is a tactile system of raised dots representing alphabets, symbols and numerical. Combination of raised dots represents a character. Braille pad consists of 6 Braille cells each cell has 8 dots. Each Braille cell is actuated by 36V solenoids, which has fast magnetization and demagnetization property and posses good torque. The height of the dot is controlled by a solenoids present underneath. Visual Basic (VB) is used as front-end tool. Variety of specialized user interaction features such as, Cursor location, Routing buttons, File selection, Increment and decrement of reading speed is done through VB. It provides direct access to information on the computer screen. Also speech synthesizer is used to spell out each text.
Effects of 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine on Differentiating Mouse N2a Neuroblastoma Cells (2000)

The effect of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was investigated in mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells, induced to differentiate by serum withdrawal and addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, over a 24-h period. Addition of MPTP (10 microM) during differentiation caused a change in cell morphology characterised by an inhibition of axon outgrowth, in the absence of cell death. Biochemical characterisation by western blotting revealed that MPTP had no significant effects on the levels of actin, alpha-tubulin, or total heavy-chain neurofilament (NF-H). However, NF-H phosphorylation appeared to increase following MPTP treatment when blots were probed with the phosphorylation state-specific antibodies RMd09 and Ta51. In addition, indirect immunofluorescence analysis revealed an accumulation of phosphorylated NF-H in the cell perikaryon, suggesting that altered NF-H distribution was associated with the observed effects of MPTP on cell morphology. These changes may represent a useful in vitro marker of MPTP neurotoxicity within a simple differentiating neuronal cell model system.
An Adiabatic Approximation to the Tissue Homogeneity Model for Water Exchange in the Brain: II. Experimental Validation (1998)

A frequently reported limitation to using water as a tracer for measuring CBF has been the dependence of the CBF estimate on the experimental time (referred to as the falling flow phenomenon, FFP). To eliminate the FFP, we have developed the adiabatic solution of the tissue homogeneity model to replace the solution of the single-compartment Kety model. In Part I, the derivation of the adiabatic solution was presented. In this second part, the adiabatic solution was applied to measure CBF in rabbits using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the tracer deuterium oxide. It was shown that the FFP, observable when the 2H clearance data were analyzed with the Kety equation, was significantly reduced when the same data were analyzed with the adiabatic solution of the tissue homogeneity model. By concurrently measuring CBF with radioactive microspheres, it was determined that the CBF estimates from the adiabatic solution were accurate for true blood flow values less than 60 mL x 100 g(-1) x min(-1). Above this value the CBF estimate was progressively underestimated, which was attributed to the diffusion limitation of water in the brain.
Degradation of immunoglobulins A2, A2, and G by suspected principal periodontal pathogens (1981)

Attention has recently been focused on immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease production as a possible virulence factor of bacteria implicated in meningitis and gonorrhea. This report demonstrates that suspected principal etiological agents in destructive periodontal disease include bacteria capable of degrading IgA1, IgA2, and IgG. Representative strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus and Capnocytophaga cleaved IgA1 but not IgA2 in the hinge region to yield intact Fab and Fc fragments. All Capnocytophaga strains also cleaved IgG in the same way. The majority of strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius caused complete degradation of both IgA1 and polyclonal IgG. However, some strains left the Fc part of IgA1 intact. Several strains were also capable of completely decomposing IgA2 and S-IgA. Significant IgA-cleaving enzyme activity was detected in whole subgingival dental plaque collected from patients with destructive periodontal disease. The results indicate that colonization of the subgingival area by B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, and Capnocytophaga spp. can induce a local paralysis of the immune defence mechanisms, thereby facilitating the penetration and spread of potentially toxic substances, lytic enzymes, and antigens released by the entire subgingival microflora.
Resources of edible wild herbs and its utilizations in Sihu area of Hubei Province (2001)

In this paper,the habitat of edible wild herbs is classified into lakes ,pond and canal,bog,sand bar,hamlet,rice field and upland ecosystem etc.accordi ng to geographical position,landforms type and climate condition of Sihu Area.Th ere exists 79 species edible wild herbs which are contained in 34 families and 5 9 geniuses by means of twounit classification in Sihu Area.Main varietie s,storage quantities,exploration values of edible wild herbs are presented.Final ly,utilization countermeasures such as investigating resources,working out prese rvation measures,establishing commodities bases and carrying on artificial or se mialtficial cultivation etc.are presented.
Improvement of in vitro chemosensitivity assay for human solid tumors by application of a preculture using collagen matrix. (1997)

The use of [3H]thymidine incorporation assay (TIA) to evaluate the drug response of tumor cells has been recognized as a useful chemosensitivity assay for fresh human tumor specimens. However, its low evaluability has been a disadvantage for clinical application. To overcome this drawback, we have applied a preculture stage prior to the TIA. This preculture requires plating the tumor cell suspension onto a collagen matrix for 24 h. In 29 fresh human tumor specimens, a significant increase in both cell viability (P < 0.05) and [3H]thymidine incorporation (P < 0.001) of the cultured cells was observed with preculturing; the composition of cancer cells (epithelial membrane antigen positive) and stromal cells (vimentin positive) did not change. In comparisons between 66 specimens that were precultured and 705 specimens that were not, the evaluability rate increased significantly from 48.5% (342/705) to 75.8% (50/66; P < 0.0001) after preculturing. No significant change in in vitro chemosensitivities was observed. When the clinical responses for cancer chemotherapy were retrospectively compared with the in vitro sensitivities of the corresponding drugs on 16 patients who had measurable lesions, the correlation between the two was satisfactorily strong; the prediction accuracy for sensitivity was 83.3% (5/6), the prediction accuracy for resistance was 95.0% (19/20), and the overall correlation was 92.3% (24/26). These results indicate that TIA with preculturing yields increased rates of evaluability, preserving in vitro drug responses of cultured tumor cells, and has an improved potential to be used for determining clinical chemotherapy.
Bolus Configuration Affects Dose-Requirements of Intracarotid Anesthetics (2004)

s: 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Neurosurgical Anesthesia and Critical Care, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 22, 2004: DRUGS AND TECHNIQUES