gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Template matching based on image gray value (2005)

A new fast template matching algorithm is proposed in this work. It extracts the local self-similarity as image feature. Feature matching is based on equal comparison and clustering. Its time complexity reduced to 0(size of search image), the theoretic lower limit for classical image template matching. The new algorithm is generalized to partial matching of two images. By partitioning images into blocks by nona-tree decomposition, it detects the matching regions between blocks and merges the matching results using first order Markov chain in horizontal direction. In the vertical direction merging is implemented directly according neighbor parts connected and keeping the consistent displacements of correspond parts in two image. The algorithm is robust for the linear transformation of image grey value and image noise.
Selection of a handling and maintenance option for the SP-100 ground engineering system test (1987)

A simulated space environment test of a flight prototypic SP-100 reactor, control system, and flight shield will be conducted at Westinghouse Hanford Company. The flight prototypic components and the supporting primary heat removal system are collectively known as the Test Article (TA). The unique configuration and materials of fabrication for the Test Article requires a specialized handling facility to support the installation, repair, and final disposal operations. The SP-100 Ground Engineering System (GES) Test Site focused upon those areas of the facility which were required to support the Test Article and developed requirements and concepts to handle the TA operations. The effort was hindered by the lack of requirements and a configuration for the Test Article. Subsequent changes in the Test Article configuration and interface requirements prompted a ''clean look'' at the Test Article and handling system requirements and concepts. Westinghouse Hanford Co., the Test Site Developer, working in conjunction with General Electric Co, the Test Article supplier, developed and evaluated several handling concepts. The result of these efforts was the selection of the Hybrid Concept for the reference Test Article Handling System. 2 refs., 7 figs.
The Method of Linear Programming Applied to Radiation Treatment Planning (1968)

The radiotherapy Department of the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, like many other centers, uses a computer program to assist in comparing dose distribution for proposed treatment plans. Each time a patient is treated with any arrangement more complicated than a pair of parallel opposing fields, tentative ideas are developed for several multifield arrangements and are submitted in a specified format to the University Computing Service Center. If after “eyeball” evaluation there is dissatisfaction with all the arrangements considered, again from those submitted to the computing center the process is repeated, this time with greater likelihood of producing an acceptable result. With the vast capability of digital computers available, one quite naturally asks: “Is it possible to eliminate this ‘trial’ procedure?” The answer to this question is in the affirmative. In the approach to the problem, the human factor of intuition is removed from spatial treatment-planning as much as possible, and the computer is used as a tool to actually plan the treatment, given certain parameters, pre-conditions, and constraints. It shall be demonstrated below that by a general mathematical technic known as Linear Programming, spatial optimization of treatment plans can be achieved. In principle, the therapist need only provide a contour exhibiting areas of anatomical interest with his requirements for dosages in said areas (minimums and maximums), and the computer via Linear Programming will do the rest. Formally expressed, the mathematical problem that Linear Programming3 solves is shown in Figure 1. Stating this formalism verbally one has: (a) A set of variables which will be non-negative in a feasible solution. The object is to find the values of each of these variables such that the collection of values produces the optimum solution. (b) A set of constraints which bound the feasible solutions. These constraints must (and can in spatial treatment-planning) be expressed as linear relationships among the variables. (c) A specification of bounds which must be complete, i.e., any set of values which fall within the limits of the constraint equations is a feasible acceptable solution. (d) A definition of “optimum solution” which can be expressed as a linear relationship among the variables. Application of L. P. to Treatment-Planning In the context of L. P., the variables or unknowns of treatment-planning form a set of “treatment vectors,” and in the sense of denumerability an isomorphic set of “treatment matrices.” The solution to a treatment-planning problem is a subset of a prespecified set of “treatment vectors” which will in the terminology of Hope et al. (6) “minimize the badness of treatment.”
Good multi-T phase codes under bandwidth and complexity constraints (1994)

Multi-T phase codes are an equivalent realization of multi-h phase codes within the class of continuous phase modulations (CPM). The authors present, in the form of code tables, the results of a systematic search for binary and quaternary multi-T phase codes which maximize the free Euclidean distance under given bandwidth and complexity constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of electron beam during ion implantation and ion beam assisted deposition (1993)

This letter investigates the effects of a continuous electron beam with certain area and low energy density during ion implantation and ion beam assisted deposition (IAD). It is found that electron beams with certain energy can make the implantation range deeper and the combination of the deposition thin film and the substrate stronger. However, it is also found that they make the surface microhardness decrease.
Integration of VBR video and ABR data sources at a DSL-based access node (2003)

ATM over xDSL allows integrated access of video, voice and data services into the Internet with QoS support. In this paper, we study the integration of MPEG video calls and high-speed data calls at an ATM DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM). The interactivity in video calls requires a stringent delay QoS (but relaxed cell loss). In contrast, data calls have a stringent cell loss QoS requirement (but relaxed delay). We study an access strategy which allocates separate buffers to the 2 types of traffic and assigns priority to video in accessing the channel. We first present a Markov-modulated fluid model for the video sources based on measurements performed on a large number of MPEG sequences. Then, we present a computationally efficient fluid analysis of multiplexed video calls. Finally, we provide a fluid analysis of the low-priority data buffer. We derive a model for the output fluid process of the video buffer and approximate it with a two-state model. We use both the full and approximate models to calculate the cell loss for data. We compare the performance of these two methods to a commonly-used approximate method. The study shows that: (1) our two-state approximation is fairly accurate while computationally very efficient; (2) the commonly used method is overly inaccurate compared to the first two methods.
Equilibrium properties of a diblock copolymer lamellar phase confined between flat plates (1992)

We study theoretically the equilibrium behavior of the lamellar phase of an A-B diblock copolymer melt. Each lamellar layer is an A-B,B-A repeat unit and n such layers are confined between, and parallel to, two identical flat plates. We find that the configurations with a half-odd-integer number of layers occur only when the difference between the two polymer-plate surface tensions is small, and then only below some critical plate separation. We calculate the discontinuity in the pressure at the transition point between two different values of n.
ELASTIC MODULI FOR THREE SUPERCONDUCTING PHASES OF <font>Bi</font>-<font>Sr</font>-<font>Ca</font>-<font>Cu</font>-<font>O</font> (1992)

We have measured the absolute values of longitudinal and transversal sound velocities in ceramic samples of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2n+4 (n=1, 2,3). We have compared various methods of calculation of "true" elastic moduli of matrix material. We used best of them to find the elastic moduli, sound velocities and Debye temperatures of the material. The calculated elastic moduli are low in a comparison with other oxide superconductors. The velocities and Debye temperatures increase with increasing n.
Genotoxicity: damage to DNA and its consequences (2009)

A genotoxin is a chemical or agent that can cause DNA or chromosomal damage. Such damage in a germ cell has the potential to cause a heritable altered trait (germline mutation). DNA damage in a somatic cell may result in a somatic mutation, which may lead to malignant transformation (cancer). Many in vitro and in vivo tests for genotoxicity have been developed that, with a range of endpoints, detect DNA damage or its biological consequences in prokaryotic (e.g. bacterial) or eukaryotic (e.g. mammalian, avian or yeast) cells. These assays are used to evaluate the safety of environmental chemicals and consumer products and to explore the mechanism of action of known or suspected carcinogens. Many chemical carcinogens/mutagens undergo metabolic activation to reactive species that bind covalently to DNA, and the DNA adducts thus formed can be detected in cells and in human tissues by a variety of sensitive techniques. The detection and characterisation of DNA adducts in human tissues provides clues to the aetiology of human cancer. Characterisation of gene mutations in human tumours, in common with the known mutagenic profiles of genotoxins in experimental systems, may provide further insight into the role of environmental mutagens in human cancer.
Brief-Sludge Return for Control of Scale Formation (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWilliam Parsons and Hovhaness HeukelekianCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 7, 51–53Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50535a929https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50535a929research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 2,4-Dibromopyridine and 4,4’-Dibromo-2,2’-bipyridine. Efficient Usage in Selective Bromine-Substitution under Palladium-Catalysis (2008)

We report an efficient method for preparing 2,4-dibromopyridine and 4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine from the corresponding nitroazine N-oxide in one step via a tandem nucleophilic substitution-N-oxide reduction process.The one step preparation of 4,4'-dihalo-2,2'-bipyridines from dihalopyridines via a Stille reaction is also described.4,4'-Dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine undergoes selective mono-or disubstitution processes under palladium catalysis.This short synthetic procedure is an efficient and reliable process for preparing conjugated pyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine building blocks for applications in coordination chemistry and materials science.
Measurement of Air Pollutants from Satellites 1: Feasibility Considerations (1974)

The feasibility of observing air pollutants from satellite-borne sensors has been investigated. Radiative transfer calculations, using both line-by-line and band-model methods, have been made to establish the signal changes that originate from the presence of various amounts of pollutants in the atmosphere. The effect of interfering species has been considered.
Parochial School Seeks Equal Protection from State Athletic Association (2008)

(2008). Parochial School Seeks Equal Protection from State Athletic Association. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 10-11.
Amino Acid Transporters (2001)

Abstract Amino acid transporters are proteins that recognize and transport free amino acids across the plasma membranes of cells. Different families of transporters are associated with different types of amino acid, for example cationic, anionic and zwitterionic.
Indirect Interaction of Solid-State Qubits via Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2001)

We propose a mechanism of long-range coherent coupling between nuclear spin qubits in semiconductor-heterojunction quantum information processing devices. The coupling is via localized donor electrons which interact with the two-dimensional electron gas. An effective interaction Hamiltonian is derived and the coupling strength is evaluated. We also discuss mechanisms of decoherence and consider gate control of the interaction between qubits. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the control and measurement aspects of earlier approaches, but allows qubit spacing at distances of the order of 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies.
Interface trap generation in silicon dioxide when electrons are captured by trapped holes (1983)

A characteristic interface trap was observed in a hole trapping experiment when electrons were captured by trapped holes injected by an avalanche in the silicon. The observations could be explained by the generation of new electronic states through relaxation of strained bonds which were proposed to be the origin of hole traps. The result is either a weak bond in the network or two dangling bonds with no net charge. The weak bond or dangling bonds give rise to neutral traps in the bulk and interface traps at the interface of the oxide. The presence of interface traps for such defects at the interface is predicted by theoretical calculations.
Nucleic acids sequencing : a practical approach (1989)

The use of single-stranded DNA phage in DNA sequencing, J.Messing and A.T.Bankier sequencing single-stranded DNA using the chain-termination method, A.T.Bankier and B.G.Barrel troubleshooting in chain-termination DNA sequencing, E.S.Ward and C.J.Howe sequencing of double-stranded DNA, G.Murphy Maxam and Gilbert sequencing using one metre gel systems, R.F.Barker DNA sequencing, D.A.Stahl computing, M.J.Bishop automated DNA sequencing, C.Heiner and T.Hunkerapiller.
Manufacturing Technology Research Needs of the Gear Industry. (1987)

Abstract : Gears are fundamental and essential components of most defense as well as civilian machinery and equipment. Because of their widespread usage and critical applications, they are essential to industrial mobilization. The U.S. retention of adequate capability to satisfy the demand for these products during any emergency is vital to a strong defense posture. The U.S. capacity to produce gears is dwindling as imported products continue to displace U.S. gears at home and abroad. This study was undertaken to identify the current state of the U.S. gear industry and help define a course of action that might be taken to improve U.S. manufacturing of gears. The specific tasks were: (1) Assess current manufacturing processes and review ongoing manufacturing technology research programs for gears. (2) Identify manufacturing technology research needs and opportunities that will make the greatest long-range impact on the health and international competitiveness of the U.S. gear industry. (3) Identify technology which is commercially available today that would assist the gear industry to become internationally competitive but which is not being used, and which might be the subject of an industrial modernization incentive program. Keywords: Aircraft gears.
The application of ribozymes to HIV infection. (1999)

During the past decade major advances have been made in combating HIV infection and reducing the incidence of AIDS in the western world. Despite optimism about such progress, there is accumulating evidence to suggest that new forms of therapy may be necessary to combat viral resistance to current drugs as well as to provide alternatives to life-long drug use. Genetic forms of therapy are considered to be an important alternative to current drug therapy. One therapeutic agent that can be tailored to inhibit viral infection is catalytic RNA or ribozymes. These RNAs can be engineered to site-specifically cleave targeted RNAs, thereby minimizing cellular toxicity associated with conventional drugs. A potential advantage of ribozymes over other forms of genetic therapy aside from target specificity is their potential for interfering with different stages of the viral life cycle. Ribozymes can be designed and expressed to interfere with viral entry, messenger RNA function and viral packaging. For the two simplest ribozyme motifs, the hammerhead and hairpin, there are hundreds of potential sites along the viral genome. Combinatorial use of ribozymes allows multiple HIV-1 sequences to be attacked simultaneously, thereby circumventing viral resistance through mutation. Ribozymes can also be designed to inhibit expression of cellular targets, which are required for HIV-1 infection. The successful applications of ribozymes against HIV-1 in preclinical settings has now set the stage for their testing in patient trials and several first phase clinical trials are currently underway.
Disappearance Rates for Deer Pellets in the Southeast (1981)

In xeric regions fecal pellets may last for years, and thus are useful for estimating relative population sizes and diets of herbivores (Eberhart and Van Etten 1956, Wallmo et al. 1962, Flinders and Crawford 1977). Data on survivorship of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) pellets in the mesic southeastern United States (Downing et al. 1965) are limited. The purpose of our study was to determine disappearance rates for fecal pellets of white-tailed deer in the Southeast, and to identify possible environmental correlates.
Enhancing Input Parameter Estimation by Machine Learning for the Simulation of Large-Scale Logistics Networks (2020)

The quality of large-scale logistics network simulation highly depends on the estimation of its key input parameters, which are usually influenced by various factors that are difficult to obtain. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a framework to estimate these parameters with high precision through machine learning, in which the impacting factors are divided into static and dynamic groups and used as features to train a learning model for estimation. To overcome the obstacle that dynamic factors are hard to obtain in some scenarios, the proposed framework employs unsupervised learning to analyze their patterns and extract time-invariant features for modeling. A validation study is conducted on the estimation of distribution center sorting times. The results proved our approach can generate more accurate estimation of input parameters, even with the shift of operational plans and absence of relevant data.
Synthesis of 4‐Alkoxy‐1,3‐oxazol‐5(2<i>H</i>)‐ones, Precursors of 1‐alkoxy substituted nitrile ylides (1989)

Abstract 4‐Alkoxy‐1,3‐oxazol‐5(2 H )‐ones of type 4 and 7 were synthesized by two different methods: oxidation of the 4‐(phenylthio)‐1,3‐oxazol‐5(2 H )‐one 2a with m ‐chloroperbenzoic acid in the presence of an alcohol gave the corresponding 4‐alkoxy derivatives 4 , presumably via nucleophilic substitution of an intermediate sulfoxide ( Scheme 2 ). The second approach is the BF 3 ‐catalyzed condensation of imino‐acetates of type 6 and ketones ( Scheme 3 ). The yields of this more straightforward method were modest due to the competitive formation of 1,3,5‐triazine tricarboxylate 8. At 155°, 1,3‐oxazol‐5(2 H )‐one 7b underwent decarboxylation leading to an alkoxy‐substituted nitrile ylide which was trapped in a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition by trifluoro‐acetophenone to give the dihydro‐oxazoles cis ‐ and trans ‐ 9 ( Scheme 4 ). In the absence of a dipolarophile, 1,5‐dipolar cyclization of the intermediate nitrile ylide yielded isoindole derivatives 10 ( Schemes 4 and 5 ).
Changing Activities During Senescence and Sites of Synthesis of Photosynthetic Enzymes in Leaves of the Labiate,<i>Perilla frutescens</i>(L.) Britt. (1975)

Journal Article Changing Activities During Senescence and Sites of Synthesis of Photosynthetic Enzymes in Leaves of the Labiate, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Get access T. BATT, T. BATT Department of Plant Sciences, Baines Wing, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. W. WOOLHOUSE H. W. WOOLHOUSE Department of Plant Sciences, Baines Wing, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 26, Issue 4, August 1975, Pages 569–579, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/26.4.569 Published: 01 August 1975 Article history Received: 11 February 1975 Published: 01 August 1975
Anaerobic degradation of organic materials - significance of the substrate surface area (2003)

In anaerobic degradation of substrates containing mainly particulate organic matter, solids hydrolysis is rate-limiting. In these investigations, the particle size of various substrates was reduced by comminution to support hydrolysis. Two positive effects of comminution were observed. For substrates with high fibre content, which are particularly resistant to biodegradation, a significant improvement of the degradation degree was observed as a result of comminution. Secondly, for all substrates tested, and particularly for those rich in fibres, the degradation rate of comminuted samples was significantly higher. The first reason for both effects is an increase of the sample surface area. Several methods for measuring the specific surface area of organic materials, including particle size analysis, Nitrogen-adsorption and enzyme adsorption, were used and compared for the purpose of this study, where the surface area accessible to microbial enzymes is critical. The significance of the surface area in anaerobic degradation of particulate substrates was investigated through a kinetic model where the hydrolysis rate was based on the sample surface area. Good agreements were obtained between model and experiments carried out with samples of various specific surface areas. These results reinforced the significance of the sample area in anaerobic degradation processes. However, other effects of comminution responsible for the increased degradation degree and degradation rate were identified and discussed. These include: the increase of dissolved compounds due to cell rupture, exposition of surface areas previously inacessible for microbial degradation, and alteration of the sample structure such as the lignin-cellulose arrangements.