gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Peripheral Input for Chronic Pain Syndromes like Fibromyalgia Syndrome (2008)

Objectives: Clinical symptoms of chronic muscle conditions like fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS], include pain, stiffness, subjective weakness, and muscle fatigue. Muscle pain in FMS is usually described as fluctuating and always associated with local or generalized tenderness [hyperalgesia and/or allodynia]. This tenderness related to muscle pain depends on increased peripheral and/or central nervous system responsiveness to peripheral stimuli that can be either noxious [hyperalgesia] or nonnoxious [allodynia]. For example, patients with muscle hyperalgesia will rate painful muscle stimuli higher than normal controls, whereas patients with allodynia may perceive light touch as painful, something that a “normal” individual will never describe as painful. The pathogenesis of such peripheral and/or central nervous system changes in FMS is unclear, but peripheral tissue changes, specifically in muscles have been implicated.Findings: Indirect evidence from interventions that attenuate tonic peripheral pain impulses in patients with FMS suggest that overall FMS pain is dependent on peripheral input. More important, allodynia and hyperalgesia can be improved or abolished by removal of peripheral impulse input. Another potential mechanism for FMS pain is central disinhibition. However, this pain mechanism also depends on tonic impulse input, even if only inadequately inhibited. Thus a promising approach to understanding FMS pain is to determine whether abnormal activity of receptors in deep tissues is fundamental to the development and maintenance of this chronic pain disorder.Conclusions: Most FMS patients present with focal tissue abnormalities including myofascial trigger points, ligamentous trigger points, or osteoarthritis of the joints and spine. Though not predictive for the development of FMS, these changes nevertheless represent important pain generators that may initiate or perpetuate chronic pain. Local chemical mediators, including lactic acid, amino acids, and cytokines could play an important role in sensitizing deep tissue nociceptors of FMS patients. Thus the combination of peripheral impulse input and increased central pain sensitivity may be responsible for widespread chronic pain as reported in FMS.
Vitamin D-binding protein (rs4588) T/T genotype is associated with anteroseptal myocardial infarction in coronary artery disease patients (2019)

Obtained data speak in favor to the VDBP (rs4588) T/T genotype as a susceptibility factor for anteroseptal myocardial infarction where the same genotype showed to be generally more prevalent in smokers.
Evidenciação e desempenho em organizações desportivas: um estudo empírico sobre clubes de futebol (2009)

In Brazil several football clubs of centennial tradition cannot manage to accomplish their financial duties. It seems that an overall reform in Brazilian football's business model is urgently needed. When business models are reformed, governance formats must be altered correspondingly. This paper intends to illustrate that corporate transparency may be required from those new business models without clubs being deprived from neither efficiency nor effectiveness. With the help of financial statements data relating to a convenience sample of clubs, disclosure indicators are first defined and measured, and then correlated to some performance indicators. The null hypothesis of no correlation between disclosure and performance was tested via rank correlation. Findings indicate that the more disclosure a club chooses to provide, the better their performance, both in the national championship and in financial terms. It may be suggested that corporate transparency is compatible with modernization and with open governance models for football clubs.
Reorganizing the General Clinical Research Center to Improve the Clinical and Translational Research Enterprise (2013)

In 2010, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) was granted a Clinical and Translational Science Award which prompted reorganization and expansion of their clinical research infrastructure. A case study approach is used to describe the implementation of a business and cost recovery model for clinical and translational research and the transformation of VCU's General Clinical Research Center and Clinical Trials Office to a combined Clinical Research Services entity. We outline the use of a Plan, Do, Study, Act cycle that facilitated a thoughtful transition process, which included the identification of required changes and cost recovery processes for implementation. Through this process, the VCU Center for Clinical and Translational Research improved efficiency, increased revenue recovered, reduced costs, and brought a high level of fiscal responsibility through financial reporting.
Stress corrosion evaluation of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy 7091 with the breaking load test method (1987)

The stress corrosion behavior of the P/M aluminum alloy 7091 is evaluated in two overaged heat treatment conditions, T7E69 and T7E70, using an accelerated test technique known as the breaking load test method. The breaking load data obtained in this study indicate that P/M 7091 alloy is highly resistant to stress corrosion in both longitudinal and transverse orientations at stress levels up to 90 percent of the material yield strength. The reduction in mean breaking stress as a result of corrosive attack is smallest for the more overaged T7E70 condition. Details of the test procedure are included.
Digestion of cardiac and skeletal muscle junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with calpain II. Effects on the Ca2+ release channel. (1990)

The Ca2+ release channel and ryanodine receptor are activities copurifying with the 400,000-450,000 Da high molecular weight protein of cardiac and skeletal junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calpain II, an endogenous cytosolic protease, was used to selectively degrade the high molecular weight protein in cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and its effects on the activity of the Ca2+ release channel and [3H]ryanodine binding sites were analyzed. Degradation of the high molecular weight protein was associated with appearance of 315,000 and 150,000 Da proteolytic fragments and with a change in the ultrastructure of the "feet," extravesicular projections that protrude from the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. The maximal number of [3H]ryanodine binding sites and the affinities of the sites for ryanodine were not remarkably affected by calpain II. Ca2+ release channels recorded from nondegraded cardiac and skeletal membrane vesicle preparations had slope conductances of 85 and 110 pS, respectively, measured with 1 microM cis-Ca2+ and 50 mM trans-Ba2+. Proteolysis did not alter the unitary channel conductances but did increase the percentage of channel open times from 36% to more than 90%. After proteolysis, channel opening remained dependent on micromolar cis-Ca2+, and high concentrations of ryanodine (300 microM) still blocked the channel. Our results suggest that proteolysis of the Ca2+ release channel with calpain II selectively impairs its inactivation, leaving its unitary conductance and the requirement for micromolar Ca2+ intact.
<i>CYP98A6</i> from <i>Lithospermum erythrorhizon</i> encodes 4‐coumaroyl‐4′‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid 3‐hydroxylase involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Rosmarinic acid is the dominant hydroxycinnamic acid ester accumulated in Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae plants. A cytochrome P450 cDNA was isolated by differential display from cultured cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and the gene product was designated CYP98A6 based on the deduced amino acid sequence. After expression in yeast, the P450 was shown to catalyze the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, one of the final two steps leading to rosmarinic acid. The expression level of CYP98A6 is dramatically increased by addition of yeast extract or methyl jasmonate to L. erythrorhizon cells, and its expression pattern reflected the elicitor-induced change in rosmarinic acid production, indicating that CYP98A6 plays an important role in regulation of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis.
PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (1985)

Procoagulant activity (PCA) of leukocytes of renal transplant recipients was studied. This material, which activates coagulation, has previously been shown to be released from macrophages after they interact with mitogen-stimulated or antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Under endotoxin-free conditions, PCA of peripheral blood leukocytes, incubated for 90 min in tissue culture, was elevated in postoperative transplant recipients and in many transplant patients tested around the time of a rejection episode. The response to lipopolysaccharide added during culture was also increased in these populations. The PCA response was factor-VII-dependent when tested with washed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but was factor-VII-independent when tested with unwashed PBMC in their original culture medium. The results indicate a possible link between immunologic events and coagulation in transplant recipients.
A conceptual model for the blooming behavior and persistence of the benthic mat‐forming diatom<i>Didymosphenia geminata</i> in oligotrophic streams (2012)

The benthic, mat‐forming diatom Didymosphenia geminata has the unique ability to produce large amounts of algal biomass under oligotrophic conditions in cold, fast flowing streams and rivers. This presents an ecological paradox that challenges our current understanding of stream ecosystem dynamics. Our understanding of the drivers of D. geminata ecology is still limited. Here we present a conceptual model for the blooming behavior and persistence of this species to advance scientific understanding of strategies for life in fast flowing oligotrophic waters and support the design of future research and mitigation measures for nuisance algal blooms. The conceptual model is based on a synthesis of data and ideas from a range of disciplines including hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry, and ecology. The conceptual model highlights the role of water chemistry, river morphology, and flow thresholds in defining the habitat window for D. geminata. We propose that bed disturbance is a primary control on accumulation and persistence of D. geminata and that the removal threshold can be determined by synthesizing site‐specific information on hydrology and geomorphology. Further, we propose that a key to understanding the didymo paradox is the separation of cellular reproduction and mat morphology with specific controls acting in respect of the different processes.
Effects of urinary pH on renal interactions between probenecid and cefsulodin in rabbits (1985)

The effect of urinary pH on renal interaction of cefsulodin and probenecid was tested in rabbits. Probenecid was reabsorbed in acidic urine (fractional excretion [FE] = 8 +/- 4%) and secreted in alkaline urine (FE = 492 +/- 258%). Renal excretion of cefsulodin alone was not affected by the urinary pH (FE = ca. 100%). In acidic urine, probenecid significantly reduced tubular secretion of cefsulodin (FE = 74 +/- 8%). An inverse pattern was observed in alkaline urine (FE = 122 +/- 18%).
GASIFICATION OF COAL CHARS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN (1986)

Abstract The effect of temperature and gaseous compositions on the reactivities of coal derived chars is studied. Experimental data for gasification with CO2 are correlated with a Langmuir-Hinselwood type kinetic expression, the inhibition effects of CO are quantified and the temperature dependence of all kinetic constants is presented. A first order expression is used to correlate the reaction rate data during gasification with O2. Preexponential factors and activation energies for this reaction are also reported. KEYWORDS: GasificationCoalChars
Second International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, part 1 (1994)

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, the 2nd International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology was held at the Westin Hotel in Seattle, WA, on 11-13 Aug. 1993. The symposium included 18 technical sessions in which 44 papers were presented. The technical sessions covered the areas of bearings, bearing modelling, controls, vibration isolation, micromachines, superconductivity, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), rotating machinery and energy storage, and applications. A list of attendees appears at the end of the document.
Cytoskeletal and microtubule machineries in concert with integrins are required for the secretion of eosinophil-associated RNases (110.13) (2011)

Abstract Eosinophils, both as end-stage effector cells and as collaborative interacting components of innate immune responses, have the capacity to secrete varied cytotoxic proteins that are stored in their cytoplasmic secretory granules, termed specific granules. Among them are the eosinophil-associated RNases (EARs): the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophilic cationic protein. The mouse EAR family includes at least 13 members, six of which were found to be present in specific granules. In the last decade several studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have revealed a role for eosinophils and their EARs in anti-viral defense. However, the secretion mechanism of EARs is not fully understood, especially in mouse eosinophils. Therefore, our study aimed to understand the mechanism of EAR secretion following physiological stimulation with chemokines. We found that dynamic polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules, as well as functional integrins were critical for CCR3-mediated secretion of EARs. However, inhibition of regulatory components of the cytoskeletal machinery, such as Rac1 and ROCK-I and -II, increased EARs secretion in mouse and human eosinophils, suggesting a negative regulation of these effectors on EARs secretion. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanism by which EARs are secreted from eosinophils under physiological stimulation, findings that are pertinent to host defense against RNA viruses and eosinophil-associated diseases.
<i>ent</i>-Atisane diterpenoids: isolation, structure and bioactivity (2020)

Covering: up to 2020 ent-Atisane diterpenoids are a class of over 150 members with diverse structures and valuable bioactivities. These compounds share a curious history in which the synthesis of the archetypal member preceded its isolation from natural sources. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the isolation, structure, and bioactivity of ent-atisane diterpenoids from their discovery in 1965 to the present day.
Disposable screen-printed electrodes modified with uniform iron oxide nanocubes for the simple electrochemical determination of meclizine, an antihistamine drug (2018)

A disposable screen-printed carbon electrode modified with uniform iron oxide nanocubes was explored for simple electrochemical determination of meclizine, an antihistamine drug.
Cancer and Birth Defects Near the Drake Superfund Site, Pennsylvania (1984)

The Drake Superfund site in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, has been contaminated with the carcinogens beta-naphthylamine, benzidene, and benzene. The authors reviewed county-wide, age-adjusted, sex-, race-, and site-specific cancer mortality rates for the years 1950-1959, 1960-1969, and 1970-1979, and type-specific birth defects incidence rates for 1973-1978. During the 1970s, a significantly increased number of bladder cancer deaths occurred among white males in Clinton County, and a significantly increased number of other cancer deaths occurred in the general population of Clinton and three surrounding counties. There were no statistically significant clusters of any specific birth defect or of all birth defects. County-wide data on cancer and birth defects can be used for initially screening counties with Superfund sites, but more definitive studies are needed to assess the actual health effects caused by these sites.
Isomerization of the Radical Anions of 6a‐Thiathiophthenes (1977)

Abstract The radical anions of 6a‐thiathiophthenes ([1,2]dithiolo[1,5‐ b ] [1,2]dithioles), I(R), convert into those of 4 H ‐thiapyran‐4‐thiones, III(R), via cis ‐ trans isomerization. The reaction is slowed down when the size of the substituent R in the 2,5‐positions of 6a‐thiathiophthene increases, and it is prevented by the introduction of a 3,4‐polymethylene bridge. The primary and the secondary radical anions, I(R) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} and III(R) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} , respectively, exhibit very similar hyperfine splitting patterns. E.g. , in the case of the unsubstituted 6a‐thiathiophthene, I(H), and 4 H ‐thiapyran‐4‐thione, III(H), the proton coupling constants are a H2,5 =6.72 and a H3,4 =1.73 Gauss for I(H) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} , and a H2,6 =6.35 and a H3,5 =2.07 Gauss for III(H) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} . In contrast to I(H) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} , cis ‐ trans isomerization could not thus far be proved to occur with its 1,6‐dioxa‐analogue, IV(H) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document} , since no ESR. spectrum of the radical anion of 4 H ‐pyran‐4‐thione, V(H), was detected upon reduction of IV(H).
THE CHROMATOPHORE SYSTEM OF CEPHALOPODS (1953)

THE CHROMATOPHORE SYSTEM OF CEPHALOPODS B. B. Boycott B. B. Boycott 1Department of Anatomy, University College, London, and Stazione Zoologica, Naples, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings Linnean Society London, Volume 164, Issue 2, September 1953, Pages 235–240, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1953.tb00688.x Published: 09 April 2009
Linear Magnetoelectric Effects in Gallium Iron Oxide at Low Temperatures and in High Magnetic Fields (1966)

The magnetoelectric (ME) experiments1 on monocrystals of the piezoelectric ferromagnet Ga2−xFexO3 (x≈1) are extended to low temperatures (T≳4.2°K) and high magnetic fields (H≲150 kOe). It is found that: (1) The linear ME susceptibility α, which has a maximum1 at some T=Tmax, exhibits a minimum at some T=Tmin satisfying 4.2°K&lt;Tmin&lt;Tmax; moreover, the value of α is almost as large at 4.2°K as at Tmax. (2) If H is sufficiently large so that the direction u=Ms/Ms of the spontaneous magnetization Ms is parallel to H, then the electric polarization Pb induced at constant T along the polar crystal axis (b axis) is given by Pb=ηu+αuH+βu H2, where βuH≪α for H≲150 kOe. The ``spontaneous ME polarization'' ηu is strongly u-dependent. However, αu is approximately u-independent, its u-dependent part being only about 2% at 145.2°K and 77.4°K and about 10% at 4.2°K. Since the (approximate) u-independence of αu indicates that the details of the spin canting assumed in the previous theoretical model1 are inapplicable to Ga2−xFexO3, a new thermodynamic description of ME effects is presented which does apply to ferromagnets having u ∥ H and satisfactorily describes (2). Finally, a thermodynamic calculation is given of a new mechanism of linear ME effects, namely the combined action of forced magnetostriction (i.e., a kind of piezomagnetism) and piezoelectricity. This mechanism, which ultimately arises from the strain dependence of exchange (and other) interactions, must exist in all unclamped piezoelectric ferromagnets having u ∥ H, and is probably significant in Ga2−xFexO3 near the Curie point.
Validating a mathematical model of noise hazard with varying numbers of rounds and peak pressures produced by a rifle (1995)

A mathematical model of noise hazard [G. R. Price and J. T. Kalb, 219–227 (1991)] has correlated very highly with hearing loss to 50 Friedlander impulses from two sources at 5 different peak pressures (135 to 145 dB). In order to extend the model’s range four additional noise exposures were tested: two single impulse exposures (157- and 169-dB peak) and 6 or 12 impulses at 143-dB peak pressure. These specific conditions were also chosen to contrast the model’s predictions with the ‘‘CHABA’’ damage risk criterion (DRC). Four groups of ten anesthetized cats were exposed to each condition and ABR thresholds at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 kHz were monitored to establish hearing loss immediately and 2 months later. In each case the model’s predictions were upheld and rankings of hazard by the CHABA DRC were not. Furthermore, no simple linear frequency weighting would have predicted the losses. The model’s hazard rating correlated well with the group hearing losses (coefficient near 0.8) and refinement of the model’s annular ligament and the intracochlear hazard formula is expected to improve this correlation.
IVUS Role in Studies Assessing Atherosclerosis Development (2012)

Atherosclerosis is known as a chronic progressive disease with accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque inside the vessel wall. Angiography studies revealed small (1-2%) increase of lumen during high dose lipid-lowering therapy, but angiography is not the appropriate tool for plaque analysis and has many limitations for precise lumen measurement due to its projective nature. In contrast, intravascular ultrasound or IVUS can accurately measure lumen and vessel diameters, and consequently determine local plaque burden. Careful mechanical pullback allows volume measurements of the lumen, vessel and plaque over a vessel segment. Serial measurements (baseline and follow-up after several months, typically 12±3 months) allow to evaluate changes of these volumes, thus to search for plaque progression or plaque regression and assess their mechanisms (for example decrease of plaque volume or increase of vessel volume), type of vessel reaction (positive and negative remodeling), development of risky plaque features like plaque ulceration and plaque ruptures. Studies with intravascular ultrasound have shown that disease progression can be stopped (GAIN1, REVERSAL2) or reversed (ASTEROID3, ESTABLISH4, COSMOS5), especially in response to aggressive lipid-lowering treatment. The mean changes of plaque volume in the treated groups were quite small; on the other hand, large scale lipid-lowering trials have shown significant reduction of ischemic events. This discrepancy between the clinical benefits and the small changes in plaque mass can be explained by plaque stabilization (changes of plaque composition from a high risk profile to a low risk profile). However, conventional grayscale IVUS has significant limitations in the assessment of plaque composition. Virtual histology (VH) based on spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data was developed to quantify coronary plaque components6. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are same for all coronary arteries, but some regions are more affected then others like the proximal third of the arteries, ostial regions, and bifurcations. There must be some local factor playing an important role. Local wall shear stress has been