gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nano / Meso Harmonic Microstructure on Mechanical Properties in Austenitic Stainless Steel Produced by MM / HRS Process (2010)

Mechanically milled austenitic stainless steel powder is applied to hot roll sintering (HRS) process. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the HRS material are investigated in detail. The mechanically milled powder has a bimodal structure with a severely deformed powder surface domain which is named as “Shell”, and an inner domain which is named as “Core”. The shell and core microstructure in the milled powder can be maintained even after sintering. As the result, microstructure of the HRS materials consists of a shell and core bimodal microstructure. Because severe plastic deformation mainly concentrates to the shell domain, a nano grain structure forms in the shell, while a coarse (meso) grain structure forms in the core. Such a nano / meso harmonic structured material demonstrates not only superior strength but also a large elongation. The mechanical properties of the HRS materials are strongly influenced by the nano / meso harmonic microstructure, such as grain size of the shell / core and the shell volume fraction. The shell has role of strength and the core has role of ductility. Thus, the nano / meso harmonic microstructure has been proved to be very effective to improve mechanical properties of structure materials.
Static and Dynamic Measurements of Accommodation in Individuals with Down Syndrome (2010)

Peak velocities of accommodation and disaccommodation (primarily motor aspects) did not differ between controls and DS subjects; however, latencies (primarily sensory) and microfluctuations (combined motor and sensory) were poorer in DS subjects. These results suggest that poor accommodative accuracy in individuals with DS may be predominantly related to sensory deficits.
Genome analysis of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC6301 (2001)

The genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC6301 (Anacystis nidulans 6301) is 2.7 Mb in size. To understand the genome structure and function we constructed a set of ordered lambda clones that covered the entire region of the Synechococcus PCC6301 genome. The insert DNA of lambda phage clones was amplified by LA PCR and sheared to short DNA fragments. The resultant DNA fragments were subcloned into a SmaI site of pUC18, and then shotgun sequenced. We present here the gene organization of Synechococcus PCC6301 genome.
The use of escitalopram beyond major depression: pharmacological aspects, efficacy and tolerability in anxiety disorders (2007)

Escitalopram, the active (S)-enantiomer of citalopram, has been approved in many countries throughout the world for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. It is more potent and selective than citalopram in inhibiting serotonin re-uptake in the CNS, and less potent than various other selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in relation to other transporter proteins and receptors: in particular, it is six times less potent than citalopram in binding to the histamine H1 and muscarinic receptors. Escitalopram has favourable pharmacokinetics: it is rapidly absorbed, has a bioavailability of 80% and is not affected by food intake. It has little potential for drug interactions: it has low protein binding and, as it is metabolised by three CYP isozymes, any impairment in the activity of one is unlikely to have a significant effect on metabolic clearance. Caution is necessary only when it is coadministered with drugs metabolised by CYP2D6, such as metoprolol, or administered to the elderly or patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of oral escitalopram are proportional at a range of doses including its therapeutic doses. Escitalopram is approved for the treatment of a number of anxiety disorders. It seems to be well tolerated and induces few or no discontinuation symptoms, and may be considered a first-line agent for the pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social phobia. Further studies are needed to define its activity in impulse control disorders.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of thermally evaporated nanocrystalline PbTe films (2008)

Nanocrystalline PbTe films are deposited on different substrates at room temperature through thermal evaporation. The films are stoichiometric single-phase polycrystalline with (200) texture. Electrical properties of the films are analyzed in the framework of a grain boundary channel conduction model. The index of refraction and extinction coefficient of PbTe films are extracted from infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement in the wavelength range of 2–8 μm, yielding an optical band gap of 0.386 eV and evidence for the presence of an Urbach band tail. The optical band gap is larger than the typical value for bulk material due to quantum confinement effect.
Biological, biochemical and molecular features of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from patients infected through oral transmission during a 2005 outbreak in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: its correspondence with the new T. cruzi Taxonomy Consensus (2009) (2011)

We examined strains of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from patients with acute Chagas disease that had been acquired by oral transmission in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2005) and two isolates that had been obtained from a marsupial (Didelphis aurita) and a vector (Triatoma tibiamaculata). These strains were characterised through their biological behaviour and isoenzymic profiles and genotyped according to the new Taxonomy Consensus (2009) based on the discrete typing unities, that is, T. cruzi genotypes I-VI. All strains exhibited the biological behaviour of biodeme type II. In six isolates, late peaks of parasitaemia, beyond the 20th day, suggested a double infection with biodemes II + III. Isoenzymes revealed Z2 or mixed Z1 and Z2 profiles. Genotyping was performed using three polymorphic genes (cytochrome oxidase II, spliced leader intergenic region and 24Sα rRNA) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the kDNA minicircles. Based on these markers, all but four isolates were characterised as T. cruzi II genotypes. Four mixed populations were identified: SC90, SC93 and SC97 (T. cruzi I + T. cruzi II) and SC95 (T. cruzi I + T. cruzi VI). Comparison of the results obtained by different methods was essential for the correct identification of the mixed populations and major lineages involved indicating that characterisation by different methods can provide new insights into the relationship between phenotypic and genotypic aspects of parasite behaviour.
Multivariate statistical analysis of quantitative serum protein data in populations of Rwanda (1981)

Data on serum protein levels of four populations from Rwanda were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods to assess their utility as an anthropological tool. These populations consisted of two ethnic groups in two different environments. Seven proteins were considered in the analysis. The total concentration of proteins is intermediate between Italian levels and those of the Binga pygmies of the Republic of Central Africa (RCA). Discrimination between the populations was possible with a 25% misclassification. The major principal components can be interpreted from a medical viewpoint, and show significant differences between the populations.
VX-322: A Novel Dual Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2012)

In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is highly expressed with 30% of patients expressing a mutated, constitutively active form of this protein. To inhibit this receptor, VX-322 was developed and found to be very potent against both the FLT3 and c-KIT RTKs with enzyme K(i) values of <1 nM and a cellular IC(50) between 1 and 5 nM. It was efficacious in a FLT3-ITD dependent myeloproliferative mouse model, doubling survival compared to other FLT3 inhibitors, with 25% of the mice cured. Upon treatment of primary AML patient blast cells, the dual inhibition of FLT3 and c-KIT was superior to inhibitors targeting a single RTK. Thus, this compound may represent an improved pharmacologic and selectivity profile that could be effective in the treatment of AML.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of β‐Cyanovinyl Polyhaloalkyl Ketones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of foundation flexibility on the across-wind response of reinforced concrete chimneys with free-standing liners (2000)

Chimneys with free-standing liners are often analyzed as fixed base cantilever beams, ignoring the effect of soil-structure interaction on their response. However, soil-structure interaction influences the dynamic response of chimneys in two ways: it alters the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, and it results in coupling of the response of the liner and the shell. In this analysis, the stack was modelled as a continuous cantilever beam with distributed stiffness and mass supported by a flexible foundation. It was found that the relative shell-liner deflection for the flexible foundation case was approximately 35% higher than that for the fixed base case. This increase in deflection may exceed design tolerances for a chimney cap and may lead to liner and (or) shell damage if combined with other adverse conditions such as aerodynamic interference effects with other chimneys. The base forces in the shell decrease significantly due to the foundation flexibility, with values as low as 50% of those of the fixed case. The base forces in the liner were approximately 35% of shell base forces for the fixed base case. These forces are not accounted for in the design of liners using the fixed base assumption. It was concluded that the effects of the foundation flexibility are significant and must be included in the analysis of chimneys with free-standing liners. This is especially true for chimneys in regions with low seismic activity, since the design of the liner would be based on minimal lateral forces.Key words: soil-structure interaction, chimneys, dynamic response, wind.
The Authors’ Reply (2017)

We thank Wang and colleagues for their interest in our article.1 One of the most challenging decisions for transplant nephrologists and surgeons is to select the transplant candidate who has the highest chance for best outcomes pertaining to both kidney allograft and patient survival. Each piece of information which could help to make an appropriate decision should be taken advantage of. Prediction scores are means to that end. Several predictive scoring systems including risk estimations have been developed in the last decades to assist transplant physicians and surgeons. Most of these scores are based on data which are available after renal transplantation. Whereas these scores are useful to establish the risk of outcomes in patients who have already received a kidney transplant, they are not very useful at the time when a transplant recipient has to be risk-stratified and selected from among potential candidates. In this study, our main goal was to develop a clinically useful prediction score which can be used before the time of transplantation to inform both the transplant team and the patient about the most likely outcome, if the transplant is to be performed (http://www.transplantscore.com/).2 We agree with Wang and colleagues that including intraoperative and postoperative variables would likely increase the discrimination ability of our score. However, including these variables would make our score amenable to the major limitations for assessment of the predicted longevity of the graft and patient survival at or before the time of the transplantation. It should be reiterated that we used only pretransplant variables to create our prediction model, whereas the prior scoring tools included posttransplant variables, yet the discrimination ability of our score was comparable or even better than these others. We also agree that the C-statistics of our and of the other scores3-5 indicates only modest discrimination ability. More granular data before transplantation, including data used for cardiovascular risk assessment, medication adherence, and comprehensive assessment of malignancy and infectious risks, could increase the discrimination ability of future scores. Despite its modest discrimination ability, our score remains one of the best available tools to be used before kidney transplantation to evaluate potential candidates and to assess expected outcomes in different kidney transplant candidates.
Differential Control of CD28-Regulated In Vivo Immunity by the E3 Ligase Cbl-b (2005)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) plays a critical role in the development of autoimmunity and sets the threshold for T cell activation. In the absence of Cbl-b, T cells stimulated via the TCR respond similarly to those that have received a CD28-mediated costimulatory signal, suggesting that the absence of Cbl-b substitutes for CD28-mediated costimulation. In this study, we show that loss of Cbl-b restores Ig class switching and germinal center formation in Vav1 mutant mice in response to an in vivo viral challenge. Genetic inactivation of Cbl-b also rescues impaired antiviral IgG production in CD28-mutant mice. Moreover, loss of CD28 results in disorganization of follicular dendritic cell clusters, which is also rescued by the Cbl-b mutation. Intriguingly, despite restored antiviral in vivo immunity and follicular dendritic cell clusters, loss of Cbl-b did not rescue germinal center formation in CD28-deficient mice. Mechanistically, in vivo vesicular stomatitis virus-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma production and up-regulation of the inducible costimulatory molecule ICOS were dependent on CD28, and could not be rescued by the loss of Cbl-b. These data provide genetic evidence that CD28-dependent in vivo immune responses and Ig class switching can be genetically uncoupled from germinal center formation and ICOS induction by Cbl-b-Vav1-regulated signaling pathways.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of Nonracemic (+)-Desoxoprosophylline by a Tandem Wittig [2+3]-Cycloaddition Reaction (1999)

L-Ascorbic acid serves as chiral starting material for the synthesis of (+)-desoxoprosophylline. The synthetic pathway includes the formation of an O-protected 5-azido-2,3-dideoxysugar which is subjected to a tandem Wittig [2+3]-cycloaddition reaction, leading to the heterocyclic core unit of (+)-prosophylline. Stereoselective hydrogenation and chain elongation yields the desired alkaloid.
Association between position of the fixed ulnar head and carpal translocation after the Sauvé–Kapandji procedure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

Our study indicated that good concordance between the "bony support" and the carpus might be important in reducing postsurgical carpus translocation.
Effect of Pamidronate Treatment in Children with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone (2003)

Intravenous infusions with the bisphosphonate compound pamidronate decrease bone pain and reportedly can lead to refilling of dysplastic lesions in adults with fibrous dysplasia (FD) of bone. Here we describe the effects of this treatment approach in 18 children and adolescents (age at start of therapy, 6.2-17.5 yr; eight girls) with polyostotic FD, who received pamidronate for 1.2-9.1 yr (median, 3.8 yr). Treatment cycles with pamidronate (1-1.5 mg/kg.d on 3 consecutive days) were given every 4 months. Levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary collagen type I N-telopeptide were elevated at baseline and decreased continuously during the first 3 yr of therapy. There was no radiographic evidence of filling of lytic lesions or thickening of the bone cortex surrounding the lesions in any patient. Histomorphometric results in dysplastic bone tissue of patients receiving pamidronate (n = 7; time of therapy, 1.4-4.8 yr) were similar to those of patients without medical therapy (n = 9). No serious side effects were noted. In conclusion, pamidronate therapy appears to be safe in children and adolescents with polyostotic FD. However, we found no clear evidence that pamidronate has an effect on dysplastic lesions in such patients.
Immunization with <i>Leishmania</i>-specific T cell not B cell lines or hybridomas can modulate the response of susceptible mice infected with viable parasites. (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb), T cell lines, and T or B cell hybridomas were prepared from BALB/c, CBA, or E1 mice infected with Leishmania mexicana. Various mAb were produced which inhibited the growth and motility of parasites in vitro. T cell lines (hybridomas) were screened for their ability to release interleukin 2 on specific antigen exposure. Passive transfer of mAb or T cell lines to infected adult mice caused little perturbation of parasite growth. Recipient naive mice were immunized with purified Ig or irradiated cells from these sources and were subsequently infected with viable parasites. Only preimmunization with T cell lines (hybridomas) led to exacerbation of parasite growth, although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays could detect the production of anti-idiotype antibodies in mAb (B cell hybridoma)-immunized mice. Either nylon wool-purified T cells or serum Ig from T cell-immunized mice could be used to immunize further naive recipients for protection against parasite growth. These data have implications for the development of anti-idiotype vaccines for Leishmania antigens.
IgE vs IgG4 epitopes of the peanut allergen Ara h 1 in patients with severe allergy (2013)

Background: Development and maintenance of tolerance to food allergens may be associated with increased levels of specific IgG4. It has been suggested that co-localisation of IgG4 and IgE binding epitopes may be of great significance for the tolerance, where IgG4 may act by blocking IgE binding to the allergen. However, recent studies have demonstrated the very importance of the IgG4-epitope affinity for the blocking ability. Studies comparing IgE and IgG4 binding epitopes mainly focus on the identification of linear epitopes. Peanut allergy is one of the most severe and persistent forms of food allergy. The importance of conformational epitopes, of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1, has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to compare Ara h 1-specific epitope patterns for IgE and IgG4 in patients with severe peanut allergy applying a method suitable to identify both linear and conformational epitopes. Methods: Ara h 1-specific IgE and IgG4 epitope patterns were examined by competitive immunoscreening of a phage-displayed random 7-mer peptide library using polyclonal IgE and IgG4 from three individual patients suffering from severe peanut allergy. The resulting peptide sequences were mapped on the surface of a 3D model of the Ara h 1 molecule to mimic epitopes by the use of a computer-based algorithm. Results: All identified epitope mimics corresponded to conformational epitopes. Each individual peanut allergic patient had his/her own distinct IgE as well as IgG4 epitope binding profile. Although three motifs were identified for all three patients and accounted for half of all identified IgE epitope mimics, no consensus motifs were identified for IgG4. Even though the epitopes overlapped, the IgG4 binding epitope mimics were more heterogeneous than the IgE binding epitope mimics. In addition a higher epitope binding affinity for IgE than IgG4 was indicated. Conclusion: This preliminary study using competitive immunoscreening of a phage-displayed peptide library successfully distinguished IgE binding patterns from IgG4 binding patterns. The method allows an identification of both, linear and conformational epitopes and gives information on the specificity, diversity and affinity of the identified epitope mimics. This could be a valuable tool to study the balance and dynamics of the antibody IgE- and IgG4-repertoire, and increase the knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of allergy and tolerance.
Oxidation and Acetylation Genetic Polymorphism in a Polish Population (1993)

s Third International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology: PDF Only
A Review of: “<i>The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation</i>” (2006)

"A Review of: “The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation”." Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 21(7), p. 718
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Some Schiff Bases of 7‐Amino‐1,3‐dihydro‐2<i>H</i>‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one (2020)

A variety of 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one azomethines and 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one benzamide were prepared, characterized and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity in the rat using picrotoxin-induced seizure model. The prepared 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one azomethine derivatives emerged potentially anticonvulsant molecular scaffolds exemplified by compounds, 7-{(E)-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]amino}-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-[(E)-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}amino]-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-{(E)-[(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl)methylidene]amino}-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one and 7-[(E)-{[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methylidene}amino]-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. All these four compounds have shown substantial decrease in the wet dog shake numbers and grade of convulsions with respect to the standard drug diazepam. The most active compound, 7-[(E)-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}amino]-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, exhibited 74 % protection against convulsion which was higher than the standard drug diazepam. Furthermore, to identify the binding mode of the interaction amongst the target analogs and binding site of the benzodiazepine receptor, molecular docking study and molecular dynamic simulation were carried out. Additionally, in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictions of target compounds were carried out using AdmetSAR tool. Results of ADMET studies suggest that the pharmacokinetic parameters of all the target compounds were within the acceptable range to become a potential drug candidate as antiepileptic agents.