gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Optimization: Convergence Conditions from a Dynamical System Perspective (2012)

This paper explores the fundamental properties of distributed minimization of a sum of functions with each function only known to one node, and a pre-specified level of node knowledge and computational capacity. We define the optimization information each node receives from its objective function, the neighboring information each node receives from its neighbors, and the computational capacity each node can take advantage of in controlling its state. It is proven that there exist a neighboring information way and a control law that guarantee global optimal consensus if and only if the solution sets of the local objective functions admit a nonempty intersection set for fixed strongly connected graphs. Then we show that for any tolerated error, we can find a control law that guarantees global optimal consensus within this error for fixed, bidirectional, and connected graphs under mild conditions. For time-varying graphs, we show that optimal consensus can always be achieved as long as the graph is uniformly jointly strongly connected and the nonempty intersection condition holds. The results illustrate that nonempty intersection for the local optimal solution sets is a critical condition for successful distributed optimization for a large class of algorithms.
Histocompatibility Typing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1976)

Histocompatibility (HL-A) phenotypes of 44 unrelated white patients from the greater Boston area with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 200 white controls were compared. In the overall ALS group, an increased frequency of HL-A3 was noted (43% vs 25%, P less than .05). Thirty-eight patients had rapidly progressive disease; among this group the HL-A3 incidence was 50% (P less than .005). Six patients had slowly progressive disease, none had HL-A3, and five had HL-A12. The HL-A antigens may link with disease severity in ALS.
Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus (2013)

Measuring inflammation-induced changes in thresholds of hind paw withdrawal from mechanical pressure is a useful technique to assess changes in pain perception in rodents. Withdrawal thresholds can be measured first at baseline and then following drug, venom, injury, allergen, or otherwise evoked inflammation by applying an accurate force on very specific areas of the skin. An electronic von Frey apparatus allows precise assessment of mouse hind paw withdrawal thresholds that are not limited by the available filament sizes in contrast to classical von Frey measurements. The ease and rapidity of measurements allow for incorporation of assessment of tactile sensitivity outcomes in diverse models of rapid-onset inflammatory and neuropathic pain as multiple measurements can be taken within a short time period. Experimental measurements for individual rodent subjects can be internally controlled against individual baseline responses and exclusion criteria easily established to standardize baseline responses within and across experimental groups. Thus, measurements using an electronic von Frey apparatus represent a useful modification of the well-established classical von Frey filament-based assays for rodent mechanical allodynia that may also be applied to other nonhuman mammalian models.
Piling-to-buckling transition in the drying process of polymer solution drop on substrate having a large contact angle (2006)

We studied the drying process of polymer solution drops placed on a substrate having a large contact angle with the drop. The drying process takes place in three stages. First, the droplet evaporates keeping the contact line fixed. Second, the droplet shrinks uniformly with receding contact line. Finally the contact line is pinned again, and the droplet starts to be deformed. The shape of the final polymer deposit changes from concave dot, to flat dot, and then to concave dot again with the increase of the initial polymer concentration. This shape change is caused by the gradual transition from the solute piling mechanism proposed by Deegan to the crust buckling mechanism proposed by de Gennes and Pauchard.
A factor from CD8 cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients suppresses HLA self-restricted T helper cell responses. (1992)

Defective in vitro T helper cell (Th) function can occur in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive (HIV+) individuals. A characteristic, early finding is the loss of an in vitro response to recall antigens, such as influenza A virus (FLU), despite an intact Th response to alloantigen (ALLO). To determine whether suppressor cells and/or inhibitory factors could contribute to this HIV-associated Th immunodeficiency, coculture studies were performed using peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from monozygotic twins, one of whom was HIV-infected (HIV+) and one of whom was uninfected (HIV-seronegative, HIV-). In vitro Th function was measured as interleukin 2 production or proliferation to FLU and ALLO. Two pairs of twins were repetitively studied. A single HIV+ individual with multiple samples of cryopreserved PBLs over 6 years (including a HIV- specimen) was also studied. PBLs from the HIV+, but not from the HIV-, individuals demonstrated defective in vitro Th function in response to FLU but not to ALLO. PBLs from HIV+ individuals could induce a similar defect in the Th function of syngeneic or autologous HIV- PBLs. This suppression was generated by CD4-depleted, but not by CD8-depleted, PBLs. A suppressive factor from CD8+ cells of HIV+ donors was generated by 24-hr unstimulated cultures of HIV+ PBLs. This factor inhibited FLU but not ALLO responses of autologous, syngeneic, or allogeneic HIV- PBLs. This suppressive effect could not be explained by HIV infection or replication during the culture period. These results demonstrate that selective abrogation of Th function to recall antigens in HIV+ individuals is associated with an inhibitory factor produced by CD8+ T cells.
A Novel 1 to 14 GHz Monolithic Matrix Distributed FET Mixer (1991)

The concept of the matrix distributed amplifier has been extended to the distributed mixer, giving an exceptionally convenient method of isolating the RF, LO, and IF signals. The matrix distributed mixer incorporates RF amplification, mixing, and IF amplification, in a series of tiers of gate and drain-lnes. A monolithic matrix distributed mixer has been realised, and its design and performance is described. This first matrix distributed mixer chip has achieved 1dB conversion gain over 1 to 15 GHz, with only two sections and no IF amplification.
Invariants of inversive 2-structures on groups of labels (1997)

For a finite set D of nodes let E 2 ( D )={( x , y )[mid ] x , y ∈ D , x ≠ y }. We define an inversive Δ2-structure g as a function g [ratio ] E 2 ( D )→Δ into a given group Δ satisfying the property g ( x , y )= g ( y , x ) −1 for all ( x , y )∈ E 2 ( D ). For each function (selector) σ[ratio ] D →Δ there is a corresponding inversive Δ2-structure g σ defined by g σ ( x , y )=σ( x )· g ( x , y )·σ( y ) −1 . A function η mapping each g into the group Δ is called an invariant if η( g σ )=η( g ) for all g and σ. We study the group of free invariants η of inversive Δ2-structures, where η is defined by a word from the free monoid with involution generated by the set E 2 ( D ). In particular, if Δ is abelian, the group of free invariants is generated by triangle words of the form ( x 0 , x 1 )( x 1 , x 2 )( x 2 , x 0 ).
Increased polyamines may downregulate interleukin 2 production in rheumatoid arthritis. (1989)

Polyamines downregulate immune reactivity. RA is associated with decreased IL 2 production. In this study, we present evidence to suggest that excessive polyamines can contribute to the IL 2 deficiency in RA. Blocking polyamine production with inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase results in increased IL 2 production by RA PBMC. Moreover, polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors and catalase also increase IL 2 production by RA PBMC. This effect of PAO inhibition is monocyte mediated. After 3 d in culture, RA PBMC produce three times more IL 2 than do normal PBMC. This rise is prevented by exogenous spermidine but only in the presence of monocytes. The concentration of polyamines in RA PBMC and synovial fluid MNC is 2-20-fold higher than in normal cells. Thus, polyamines and their oxidation products downregulate IL 2 production by RA PBMC and may account for the decreased T cell effector function seen in this disease.
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF THE ACUTE AND SUBACUTE PHASE OF RADIATION SICKNESS IN ANIMALS DUE TO THE ACTION OF PRODUCTS OF URANIUM FISSION (1960)

Pathomorphological and autoradiographic investigations were performed on cadavers of 276 perished or sacrificed animals subjected to the action of uranium fission products in different modes of introduction into the organism (intravenously, subcutaneously, with food, etc.). Upon the introduction of the radioactive substance, the animals lived from 1 to 120 days. It is shown that the changes in the acute and subacute phase of radiation sickness vary, depending upon the concentration of radioactive activity, the portals of entry, and the individual and species peculiarities, etc. In all modes oi introduction into the organism, the products of uranium fission were predominantly and protractedly retained in the bones. (auth)
Elucidation of the role of Ser329 and the C-terminal region in the catalytic activity of Pseudomonas stutzeril-rhamnose isomerase (2010)

Pseudomonas stutzeri l-rhamnose isomerase (l-RhI) is capable of catalyzing the isomerization between various aldoses and ketoses, showing high catalytic activity with broad substrate-specificity compared with Escherichia coli l-RhI. In a previous study, the crystal structure of P. stutzeri l-RhI revealed an active site comparable with that of E. coli l-RhI and d-xylose isomerases (d-XIs) with structurally conserved amino acids, but also with a different residue seemingly responsible for the specificity of P. stutzeri l-RhI, though the residue itself does not interact with the bound substrate. This residue, Ser329, corresponds to Phe336 in E. coli l-RhI and Lys294 in Actinoplanes missouriensis d-XI. To elucidate the role of Ser329 in P. stutzeri l-RhI, we constructed mutants, S329F (E. coli l-RhI type), S329K (A. missouriensis d-XI type), S329L and S329A. Analyses of the catalytic activity and crystal structure of the mutants revealed a hydroxyl group of Ser329 to be crucial for catalytic activity via interaction with a water molecule. In addition, in complexes with substrate, the mutants S329F and S329L exhibited significant electron density in the C-terminal region not observed in the wild-type P. stutzeri l-RhI. The C-terminal region of P. stutzeri l-RhI has flexibility and shows a flip-flop movement at the inter-molecular surface of the dimeric form.
Development of a Humanized Antibody with High Therapeutic Potential against Dengue Virus Type 2 (2012)

We used novel epitope mapping strategies, by combining phage display with VLPs, to identify the important A-strand epitopes with strong neutralizing activity. This study introduced potential therapeutic antibodies that might be capable of providing broad protection against diverse DENV-2 infections without enhancing activity in humans.
An X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cyclically and of Unidirectionally Deformed Copper Single Crystals (1980)

Article An X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cyclically and of Unidirectionally Deformed Copper Single Crystals was published on June 1, 1980 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 71, issue 6).
Deprotonation of glycine and .beta.-alanine complexes of nickel(II) (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeprotonation of glycine and .beta.-alanine complexes of nickel(II)George W. Watt and John F. KniftonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 5, 1010–1014Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50051a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (578 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances, controversies and consensus in locust phase polyphenism research (2005)

The present paper arose from a symposium at the 9th International Conference of the Orthopterists' Society held in Canmore, Canada, from 14-19th August 2005. Most of the major groups working on locust phase polyphenism were in attendance (Table 1), offering the opportunity to review the rapid progress that has occurred in this field over recent years. To maintain momentum in this research, areas where results from different groups are at odds were debated, and ways to reconcile such discrepancies proposed. The symposium also provided researchers with a forum to consider how to coordinate core facilities and resources across laboratories, to make best use of national and international funding opportunities. Participants presented their results spanning a range of aspects of phase polyphenism research: molecular analyses, physiology, ecology and phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolutionary history of phase change. The symposium was followed by a detailed discussion session, attended by members of the audience as well as the symposium speakers. The present paper provides a synopsis of that discussion and is structured according to the major issues considered. Unless otherwise stated, the paper concerns the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, which has been the subject of most of the recent research.
Changes in Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neuron Activity During the Rat Estrous Cycle in Relation to the Prolactin Surge: Alteration by a Mammary Carcinogen (1988)

An attempt was made to correlate the physiological or the dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-enhanced serum prolactin (PRL) surge, which occurs in the afternoon of proestrus in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, with physiological or pathological changes in two biochemical estimates of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuron activity. Dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were measured in the median eminence (ME) of control or DMBA-pretreated SD rats throughout the estrous cycle in relation to PRL secretion. In both groups of females, while the DA content was fairly constant, the DOPAC content and TH activity in the ME fluctuated markedly throughout the estrous cycle. Thus, in control animals, the DOPAC content, DOPAC/DA ratio and TH activity which were stable on the days of diestrus and morning of proestrus were markedly decreased at noon and early afternoon when serum PRL levels began to rise. Later in the afternoon of proestrus, when serum PRL levels were maximal, there was a marked but transient increase in the DOPAC content and DOPAC/DA ratio as well as a brief surge in TH activity. In the evening of the same day, when serum PRL returned to basal levels, the DOPAC content, DOPAC/DA ratio and TH activity were low. Finally on estrus morning, the DOPAC content, DOPAC/DA ratio and TH activity increased again to reach the diestrus levels. In DMBA-pretreated females, similar fluctuations in TIDA neuronal activity occurred during the estrous cycle, but the dynamics of these changes was altered: the DOPAC/DA ratio and TH activity first showed a marked increase in the morning of proestrus day, before decreasing dramatically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
How Low Should You Go: Novel Device for Nail Trephination (2006)

Mesoscission may be a controlled and practical alternative to traditional nail trephining methods.
Therapeutic and neurotoxic effects of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (1994)

Despite expectations that 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) would prove active primarily in lymphoproliferative diseases, early reports suggested unexpected high activity of this drug in heavily pretreated children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) at a maximally tolerated dose of 8.9 mg/m2/day for 5 days. In view of these findings, we conducted an escalating dose trial of 2-CdA in adult patients with relapsed or resistant AML. Thirty-six patients who had received extensive prior therapy were treated at 9 dose levels of 2-CdA at daily doses ranging from 5 to 21 mg/m2 for 5 days. 2-CdA eliminated leukemic blasts from the peripheral blood in 32 of 36 cases; however, bone marrow hypoplasia was seen only at daily dose levels > or = 15 mg/m2. We observed a total of 3 complete remissions: 1 at the 15 mg/m2/d dose level and 2 at the 21 mg/m2/d dose level; these responses persisted for 3, 2, and 3 months, respectively. Although prolonged myelosuppression would have been dose-limiting at 21 mg/m2/d for 5 days, the most important adverse effect was the development of a sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. This reaction, whose onset was substantially delayed after completion of drug treatment, was observed in 2 of 5 patients at the 19 mg/m2/d level and in 4 of 4 evaluable patients at the 21 mg/m2/d level. Pathologically, this process was characterized by axonal degeneration and secondary demyelination. Other side effects included reactivation of a posttransplant Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoma in 1 patient and tumor lysis syndrome. We conclude that the maximally tolerable dose of 2-CdA in adult patients (17 mg/m2/d for 5 days) in approximately twofold in excess of that previously reported in children and that the limiting toxic effect is a degenerative neuropathic disorder. We confirm that this drug has definite activity in AML, but the magnitude of this effect needs to be determined in larger numbers of patients who have received less extensive therapy. This agent deserves further evaluation in patients with both AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia at these higher doses and perhaps as part of a preparative regimen for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Comparison of SDS‐ and methanol‐assisted protein solubilization and digestion methods for <b><i>Escherichia coli</i></b> membrane proteome analysis by 2‐D LC‐MS/MS (2007)

Both organic solvent and surfactant have been used for dissolving membrane proteins for shotgun proteomics. In this work, two methods of protein solubilization, namely using 60% methanol or 1% SDS, to dissolve and analyze the inner membrane fraction of an Escherichia coli K12 cell lysate were compared. A total of 358 proteins (1417 unique peptides) from the methanol-solubilized protein mixture and 299 proteins (892 peptides) from the SDS-solubilized sample-were identified by using trypsin digestion and 2-D LC-ESI MS/MS. It was found that the methanol method detected more hydrophobic peptides, resulting in a greater number of proteins identified, than the SDS method. We found that 159 out of 358 proteins (44%) and 120 out of 299 proteins (40%) detected from the methanol- and SDS-solubilized samples, respectively, are integral membrane proteins. Among the 190 integral membrane proteins 70 were identified exclusively in the methanol-solubilized sample, 89 were identified by both methods, and only 31 proteins were exclusively identified by the SDS method. It is shown that the integral membrane proteins reflected the theoretical proteome for number of transmembrane helices, length, functional class, and topology, indicating there was no bias in the proteins identified.
Control of the composition of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films deposited by RF diode sputtering. (1988)

The composition of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films deposited by RF diode sputtering was examined by EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analysis). The composition of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films with a target made by the solid state reaction method changed with sputtering time even if the films were deposited under identical conditions. In contrast, the composition of films with a target made by the co-precipitation method were unaffected by sputtering time when they were deposited under identical conditions. Good control of the composition of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films was achieved by optimizing both the RF input power density and the partial pressure of oxygen.
Mechanisms of asthma and allergic inflammation Editorial Genetic common ground between allergic and autoimmune disease: The role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (2004)

The recognition that a special type of inflammation throughout the conducting airways is fundamental to their disordered function in asthma linked to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and variable airflow obstruction has provided the basis for modern treatment with controller drugs, such as inhaled corticosteroid and leukotriene receptor antagonists. The nature of this inflammation has been the focus of intense research in the hope of discovering selective pathways amenable to therapeutic intervention. Because a high proportion of asthma is associated with atopy, it is proposed that in genetically susceptible individuals, exposure to aeroallergens leads to their processing by epithelial dendritic cells (DCs) to generate selective peptides that, when presented to the T-cell receptor (TCR) in the context of MHC class II molecules, lead to cell proliferation and coordinate expression of a cluster of cytokine genes on chromosome 5q31-34 that encode IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and GM-CSF. This response, designated TH2like, is to be differentiated from alternative T-cell responses involving production of IL-2, TNF, and IFN-c (TH1); IL-10 (T reg); and TGF-b (TH3). TH2 cytokines are fundamental to the recruitment, differentiation, and priming of the principal effector leukocytes of asthmatic inflammation: mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes-macrophages. On encounter with allergens, immature DCs migrate to local lymphoid collections, where they colocalize with nonprimed TH precursor cells and receive cognate signals resulting in their proliferation and eventual differentiation toward a TH2 phenotype that also involves interactions
Role of Neuroinflammation in Adult Neurogenesis and Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Approaches (2013)

Neuroinflammation, a specialized immune response that takes place in the central nervous system, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and specially, it has been considered as a hallmark of Alzheimer disease, the most common cause of dementia in the elderly nowadays. Furthermore, neuroinflammation has been demonstrated to affect important processes in the brain, such as the formation of new neurons, commonly known as adult neurogenesis. For this, many therapeutic approaches have been developed in order to avoid or mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the chronic activation of the immune response. Considering this, in this paper we revise the relationships between neuroinflammation, Alzheimer disease, and adult neurogenesis, as well as the current therapeutic approaches that have been developed in the field.