gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Image characterization and target recognition in the surf zone environment</title> (1996)

The surf zone environment represents a very difficult challenge for electro-optic surveillance programs. Data from these programs have been shown to contain dense clutter from vegetation, biological factors (fish), and man-made objects, and is further complicated by the water to land transition which has a significant impact on target signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Also, targets can be geometrically warped from the sea surface and by occlusion from sand and breaking waves. The Program Executive Office Mine Warfare (PMO-210) recently sponsored a test under the Magic Lantern Adaptation (MLA) program to collect surf zone data. Analysis of the data revealed a dilemma for automatic target recognition algorithms; threshold target features high enough to reduce high false alarm rates from land clutter or low enough to detect and classify underwater targets. Land image typically have high SNR clutter with crisp edges while underwater images have lower SNR clutter with blurred edges. In an attempt to help distinguish between land and underwater images, target feature thresholds were made to vary as a function of the SNR of image features within images and as a function of a measure of the edge crispness of the image features. The feasibility of varying target feature thresholds to reduce false alarm rates was demonstrated on a target recognition program using a small set of MLA data. Four features were developed based on expected target shape and resolution: a contrast difference measure between circular targets and their local backgrounds, a signal-to-noise ratio, a normalized correlation, and a target circularity measure. Results showed a target probability of detection and classification (P<SUB>dc</SUB>) of 50 - 78% with false alarms per frame of less than 4%.
On the Numerical Modelling of the Non Linear Behaviour of a Wave Energy Converter (2009)

Wave energy converters of the wave activated body class are designed to have large amplitudes of motion, even in moderate sea states, because their efficiency is directly related with the amplitude of their motion. Hence, classical seakeeping numerical tools based on linear potential theory, which are widely used in the design process of offshore structures, are not accurate enough in the case of wave energy conversion. So, large differences between numerical predictions and wave tank experiments are often observed. On the other hand, the use of CFD models theoretically able to provide more accurate results is still difficult for wave energy applications, mainly because this requires a huge computation time. Moreover, it is well known that viscous solver have difficulties in propagatating gravity waves accurately. In this paper, we assess the potential of two advanced hydro-dynamic numerical models in the numerical modelling of wave energy converters. These numerical models are expected to provide more accurate results than classical linear theory based numerical models and faster results than CFD models. Particularly, these tools are expected to be able to deal efficiently with large motions of wave energy converters. In the first one, the hydrostatic forces and the Froude-Krylov forces are computed on the exact wetted surface of the wave energy converter, whereas radiation and diffraction forces are computed using the standard linear potential theory. Using this model, it is shown that we were able to predict the parametric roll phenomenon in the case of the SEAREV wave energy converter. In the second one, a Navier Stokes solver, based on RANS equations, is used. Comparisons are made with experiments and it is showed that this tool is able to model quite accurately viscous effects such as slamming. However, computation time is found to be long with this last tool.
Decomposition of thiirane 1,1-dioxides (episulfones) (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecomposition of thiirane 1,1-dioxides (episulfones)F. G. Bordwell, Joel M. Williams Jr., Earle B. Hoyt Jr., and Bruce B. JarvisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 2, 429–435Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01004a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01004a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Muon Borehole Detector Design for Use in 4-D Density Overburden Monitoring (2018)

The increase in atmospheric CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentrations has initiated research into carbon sequestration methods. One possibility is to store CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in subsurface porous reservoirs. Monitoring the injected CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plume is vital because escaping CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> poses health and environmental risks. Typically, seismic reflection methods are used to determine the change in density due to the replacement of brine by CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in the reservoir but this is expensive and not continuous. A potential alternative is to use cosmic muon tomography to measure density changes in the reservoir as a function of time. This paper describes the development of a muon detector that will be capable of being deployed in boreholes. The detector will be designed to have the required dimensions, an angular resolution of approximately 2°, and be mechanically robust. The prototype design is based on alternating layers of scintillating rods, which can provide 4-D reconstruction of the overburden to detect small changes in density at depths up to approximately 2 km. Geant4, a Monte Carlo simulation code, is being used to develop models to guide the design of the physical configuration. Preliminary testing and measurements have been performed to validate the simulation predictions and optimize physical performance parameters. The simulated and preliminary experimental results are presented here.
ChemInform Abstract: Host‐Guest Complexation. Part 45. A Highly Preorganized Chromogenic Spherand Indicator System Specific for Sodium and Lithium Ions. (1988)

Abstract The spherand (IId), the synthesis of which is described, is a chromogenic ion‐selective indicating system capable of detecting Li + and Na + at concentrations as low as 10 ‐8 M in the presence of other common ions.
Growth and Morphology of Mesoporous SBA-15 Particles (2008)

The growth of single crystal particles of SBA-15 is explained. The morphology and size of the particles are highly dependent on synthesis temperature. The formation at certain temperatures proceeds via an oriented aggregation mechanism of primary particles into secondary (final) particles. Platelike SBA-15 particles with a uniform size are obtained.
New insect control agents: modes of action and selectivity (2001)

Insect control agents remain an important part of most insect pest management (IPM) programs. Over the past decade, a variety of new insect and mite control agents have been developed, or are being developed, that may fit a variety of IPM needs, and many of these have novel modes of action. Several new acaricides acting at complex I of the mitochondrial transport system and chlorfenapyr, a proinsecticidal uncoupler, are representative of new compounds targeting insect respiration. Several diacylhydrazines (e.g. methoxyfenozide, an ecdysone agonist), along with pyriproxyfen, a juvenoid, are relatively new insect control agents that act on the insect endocrine system. Several new acaricides/insecticides (etoxazole, spirodiclofen) also disrupt mite and insect developmental processes. Among the new neurally active insect control agents, ethiprole (a phenylpyrazole) and emamectin benzoate both act on GABA gated chloride channel, although in very different ways, while indoxacarb acts at a novel site in the voltage gated sodium channel. Pymetrozine and IKI-220 act on the (aphid) insect nervous system in novel ways to disrupt feeding. There are several new neo-nicotinoids including thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin that, like imidacloprid, are potent agonists for insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The novel macrolide, spinosad, appears to alter the function of the nicotinic as well as GABA gated chloride channels in a novel manner. These recent new insect control agents demonstrate a variety of new and under-utilized modes of action. In many cases these new insect control agents also couple field efficacy with improved selectivity (compared to older chemistries) towards beneficial insects, especially predators. The preservation of a beneficial insect component in any IPM program is an important non-chemical source of selection pressure against a pest population, resulting in not only in an overall enhancement in pest control, but a reduced likelihood of resistance development.
Adenomyosis and leiomyoma: differential diagnosis with MR imaging. (1987)

To assess the capability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to enable differentiation of adenomyosis from leiomyoma, a prospective study was performed in 21 premenopausal patients with a strong clinical suggestion of adenomyosis. Histologic findings from hysterectomy (19 patients) and biopsy specimens (two patients) showed that eight patients had adenomyosis (three focal, five diffuse) and 12 had leiomyomas (five of the 12 also had microscopic foci of adenomyosis); one patient had a normal uterus. All eight cases of adenomyosis were correctly diagnosed from MR images. On T2-weighted MR images, diffuse adenomyosis appeared as a thickening of the junctional zone, whereas focal adenomyosis appeared as a low-signal-intensity mass poorly marginated from the adjacent myometrium. Ten of the 12 leiomyomas were correctly diagnosed from MR images. In the other two cases of leiomyoma, differentiation between focal adenomyosis and leiomyoma was not possible. Microscopic foci of adenomyosis were not demonstrated with MR imaging.
Periodical Oscillation in Side Branch of Right Angle Branch in Laminar Steady Flow. (1999)

In the present study, the time variation of flow through the side branch of the right angle branch has been experimentally studied in the laminar steady flow by laser Doppler velocimeter. The side branch 14 mm in diameter bifurcates at right angle from the trunk 24.5 mm in diameter, and the shape of both upstream and downstream corners at the entrance of the side branch is square edge. The flow in the side branch periodically oscillates, and this oscillating flow is a characteristic phenomenon in the right angle branch. The Strouhal number based on the variables in the side branch is proportional to the Reynolds number. It is implied that the oscillating flow might be induced at the boundary between a small vortex formed in the reversing zone in the side branch and a large vortex in the core flow in the side branch. The rotating direction of the small vortex is the same as that of the large vortex.
Pivarubicin Is More Effective Than Doxorubicin Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer In Vivo (2020)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unresponsive to antiestrogen and anti-HER2 therapies, requiring the use of cytotoxic drug combinations of anthracyclines, taxanes, cyclophosphamide, and platinum compounds. Multidrug therapies achieve pathological cure rates of only 2040%, a consequence of drug resistance and cumulative dose limitations necessitated by the reversible cardiotoxic effects of drug therapy. Safer and more effective treatments for TNBC are required to achieve durable therapeutic responses. This study describes the mechanistic analyses of the novel anthracycline, pivarubicin, and its in vivo efficacy against human primary TNBC. Pivarubicin directly activates PKCd, triggers rapid mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and circumvents resistance conferred by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2, Bcl-X<sub>L</sub>, and Bcr-Abl. As a consequence, pivarubicin is more cytotoxic than doxorubicin against MDA-MB-231, and SUM159 TNBC cell lines grown in both monolayer culture and tumorspheres. Comparative in vivo efficacy of pivarubicin and doxorubicin was performed in an orthotopic NSG mouse model implanted with MDA-MB-231 human TNBC cells and treated with the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of pivarubicin and doxorubicin. Tumor growth was monitored by digital caliper measurements and determination of endpoint tumor weight and volume. Endpoint cardiotoxicity was assessed histologically by identifying microvacuolization in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Primary tumors treated with multiple rounds of doxorubicin at MTD failed to inhibit tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated tumors. However, administration of a single MTD of pivarubicin produced significant inhibition of tumor growth and tumor regression relative to tumor volume prior to initiation of treatment. Histological analysis of hearts excised from drug- and vehicle-treated mice revealed that pivarubicin produced no evidence of myocardial damage at a therapeutic dose. These results support the development of pivarubicin as a safer and more effective replacement for doxorubicin against TNBC as well as other malignancies for which doxorubicin therapy is indicated.
Involvement of heat shock proteins in the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. (2001)

The present study examined the expression of 73-kDa of heat shock cognate protein (HSC70), 72-kDa of heat shock protein (HSP70) and 47-kDa of HSP (HSP47) observed in the ulcer healing process in rats. Gastric ulcers were induced by a luminal application of acetic acid in male Donryu rats. During the ulcer healing process, the expression of HSPs in the ulcerated tissue was determined. A high level of HSC70 expression was observed both in the normal mucosa and ulcerated tissue, but the level did not change upon ulceration and ulcer healing. While HSP70 and HSP47 were markedly expressed in the ulcer base during ulceration, and decreased with ulcer healing. HSP70 expression in the ulcer margin was gradually increased with ulcer healing. Omeprazole accelerated the healing of gastric ulcers with strong inhibition of gastric acid secretion, while indomethactin delayed in ulcer healing despite slight inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Omperazole enhanced the expression of HSP70 both in the ulcer margin and base, but it reduced HSP47 expression in the ulcer base Indomethacin markedly enhanced HSP47 expression only in the ulcer base. In conclusion, the expression of HSP70 and HSP47 is changed during ulcer healing. Furthermore, it was suggested that the enhanced expression of HSP70 is involved in acceleration of ulcer healing, but overexpression of HSP47 is involved in delayed ulcer healing.
STUDIES OF MIXING IN THE LOWER PLENUM OF A QUARTER-SCALE FLOW MODEL OF THE PWR REACTOR (1957)

of flow from the inlets, and pressure drops in the lower-plenum and upper- plenum areas were studied for a three-loop and four-loop operation. Flow resistance and flow distribution among regions in the simulated core were changed and experimental studies of core-flow distribution, mixing of flow from the inlets, mixing of flow between the first pass and the second pass of the blanket, and pressure drops throughout the model were repeated with four, three, two opposed, and two adjacent loops operating. Results obtained in the model were then converted to values applicable to water flow in the prototype. (auth)
Scan pattern retargeting and merging with reduced access time (2013)

Efficient access to on-chip instrumentation is a key enabler for post-silicon validation, debug, bringup or diagnosis. Reconfigurable scan networks, as proposed by e.g. the IEEE Std. P1687, emerge as an effective and affordable means to cope with the increasing complexity of on-chip infrastructure. To access an element in a reconfigurable scan network, a scan-in bit sequence must be generated according to the current state and structure of the network. Due to sequential and combinational dependencies, the scan pattern generation process (pattern retargeting) poses a complex decision and optimization problem. This work presents a method for scan pattern generation with reduced access time. We map the access time reduction to a pseudo-Boolean optimization problem, which enables the use of efficient solvers to exhaustively explore the search space of valid scan-in sequences. This is the first automated method for efficient pattern retargeting in complex reconfigurable scan architectures such as P1687-based networks. It supports the concurrent access to multiple target scan registers (access merging) and generates reduced (short) scan-in sequences, considering all sequential and combinational dependencies. The proposed method achieves an access time reduction by up to 88× or 2.4× in average w.r.t. unoptimized satisfying solutions.
Asynchronous multipliers with variable-delay counters (2002)

Although multiplication is an intensely studied arithmetic operation and many fast algorithms and implementations are available, it still represents one of the major bottlenecks of many digital systems that require intensive and fast computations. This paper presents a novel design approach based on the well-known Baugh and Wooley algorithm, particularly appealing for asynchronous implementations and that may be easily mapped into a VLSI circuit. This technique has been applied to the design of a high-speed variable-delay multiplier that resulted to be faster than other synchronous and asynchronous implementations.
Analysis of EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase substrate specificity using peptide‐based arrays (2008)

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases regulate many important biological processes. In the present study, we explored the substrate specificity of the EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase using peptide arrays. We define a consensus substrate motif for EphA4 and go on to identify and test a number of potential EphA4 substrates and map their putative site(s) of phosphorylation. Cotransfection studies validate two of the predicted substrates: Nck2 and Dok1. Our findings identify several potential EphA4 substrates and demonstrate the general utility of using peptide arrays to rapidly identify and map protein kinase phosphorylation sites.
Health-Related Quality of Life Results in Pathologic Stage C Prostate Cancer From a Southwest Oncology Group Trial Comparing Radical Prostatectomy Alone With Radical Prostatectomy Plus Radiation Therapy (2007)

The addition of RT to surgery resulted in more frequent urination, as well as early report of more bowel dysfunction, although bowel function differences disappeared over the 5-year period. The addition of RT did not negatively impact ED.
LONGEVITY OF ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES BY MEANS OF POLYACRYLATE PASSIVATION LAYERS FORMED BY USING SPIN COATING METHOD (2003)

We fabricate organic light-emitting devices with polyacrylate passivation layers formed by using spin coating method and compare the rate of degradation to an organic light-emitting device without the passivation layer. The fabrication process of passivation layer did not influence the electrical and the emissive properties of the device. Polyacrylate passivation layers enhanced the longevity of the device than that of the non-encapsulated device, and its behavior was dependent on the polyacrylate film thickness.
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Androgen Receptor by Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (2005)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), an ErbB1 ligand and prostate stromal growth factor, is an antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) function. In the LNCaP prostate cancer model, HB-EGF reduced AR protein levels and AR transactivation without affecting AR mRNA level or protein turnover. The signal to attenuate AR was mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin, as shown by genetic and pharmacologic methods, and was independent of ErbB2/HER-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Additional evidence suggests that AR protein levels are highly sensitive to regulation by cap-dependent mRNA translation. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of AR by a classic growth factor system and indicate that a rapamycin-sensitive post-transcriptional pathway can attenuate or possibly bypass AR-mediated signaling.
Toward a 1.54 $\mu$m Electrically Driven Erbium-Doped Silicon Slot Waveguide and Optical Amplifier (2012)

In this paper, we report on the first attempt to design, fabricate, and test an on-chip optical amplifier which works at 1540 nm and can be electrically driven. It is based on an asymmetric silicon slot waveguide which embeds the active material. This is based on erbium-doped silicon rich silicon oxide. We describe the horizontal asymmetric slot waveguide design which allows us to get a high field confinement in a nanometer thick active layer. In addition, we detail the complex process needed to fabricate the structure. The waveguides have been characterized both electrically as well as optically. Electroluminescence can be excited by hot carrier injection, due to impact excitation of the Er ions. Propagation losses have been measured and high values have been found due to processing defects. Pump and probe measurements show a voltage dependent strong attenuation of the probe signal due to free carrier accumulation and absorption in the slot waveguide region. At the maximum electrical pumping level, electroluminescence signal is in the range of tens of μW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the overall loss of the device is only -6 dB. Despite not demonstrating optical amplification, this study shines some light on the path to achieve an all-silicon electrically driven optical amplifier.