gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVU) for the Essure Confirmation Test (2016)

INTRODUCTION: Essure is indicated for women who desire permanent birth control by bilateral fallopian tube occlusion. A confirmation test is required 3 months postplacement to evaluate location/retention of Essure inserts. Essure efficacy when an algorithm where TVU is used as a first-line option instead of a modified hysterosalpingogram (HSG) was evaluated in a phase 4 study. Patient satisfaction with the TVU confirmation test is reported. METHODS: Women aged 21–44 years and scheduled for Essure placement were eligible. At 3 months postplacement, participants underwent confirmation testing per the TVU/HSG algorithm (TVU, HSG, or both). Co-primary endpoints: 1-year pregnancy rate and Essure reliance rate; secondary endpoint: patient satisfaction with TVU confirmation testing. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS: 597 women (mean 34.4 years) underwent placement procedure (intent-to-treat); 582 had successful bilateral placement and 547 were told to rely on Essure. Reliance rate (intent-to-treat) was 91.6% (95% CI 89.2%–93.6). Among the 547, the 1-year pregnancy rate was 0.67% (CI 0.16%–1.53%). 470 (86% of those relying) were told to rely based on TVU confirmation testing alone. Among participants who had TVU, 98.5% were satisfied with TVU; 98.7% rated comfort with TVU as excellent, very good, or good. At 12 months, 98.4% rated comfort with wearing the inserts as excellent, very good, or good; 98.4% were satisfied. Most adverse events were mild in severity and not related to Essure. CONCLUSION: Co-primary endpoints were met; satisfaction/comfort with TVU was high. When TVU is used as a first-line option for confirmation testing, Essure is an effective contraceptive method.
DFT-Based Channel Estimation and Noise Variance Estimation Techniques for Single-Carrier FDMA (2010)

Practical frequency domain equalization (FDE) systems generally require knowledge of the channel and the noise variance to equalize the received signal in a frequency-selective fading channel. Accurate channel estimate and noise variance estimate are thus desirable to improve receiver performance. In this paper we investigate the performance of the denoise channel estimator and the approximate linear minimum mean square error (A-LMMSE) channel estimator with channel power delay profile (PDP) mismatch and noise variance estimation errors for a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system. A windowed DFT-based noise variance estimator is also presented in this paper to improve A-LMMSE channel estimation as well as to facilitate the MMSE-FDE design. Results show that the proposed noise variance estimator remains unbiased up to a SNR of 50dB.
Orthogonal Self-Assembly in Folding Block Copolymers (2012)

We herein report the synthesis and characterization of ABA triblock copolymers that contain two complementary association motifs and fold into single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) via orthogonal self-assembly. The copolymers were prepared using atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and possess different pendant functional groups in the A and B blocks (alcohols in the A block and acetylenes in the B block). After postfunctionalization, the A block contains o-nitrobenzyl-protected 2-ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) moieties and the B block benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) moieties. While the protected UPy groups dimerize after photoinduced deprotection of the o-nitrobenzyl group, the BTA moieties self-assemble into helical aggregates when temperature is reduced. In a two-step thermal/photoirradiation treatment under dilute conditions, the ABA block copolymer forms both BTA-based helical aggregates and UPy dimers intramolecularly. The sequential association of the two self-assembling motifs results in single-chain folding of the polymer, affording nanometer-sized particles with a compartmentalized interior. Variable-temperature NMR studies showed that the BTA and UPy self-assembly steps take place orthogonally (i.e., without mutual interference) in dilute solution. In addition, monitoring of the intramolecular self-assembly of BTA moieties into helical aggregates by circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the stability of the aggregates is almost independent of UPy dimerization. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis provided evidence of significant reductions in the hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration, respectively, after photoinduced deprotection of the UPy groups; a 30-60% reduction in the size of the polymer chains was observed using SEC in CHCl(3). Molecular imaging by atomic force microscopy (AFM) corroborated significant contraction of individual polymer chains due to intramolecular association of the BTA and UPy groups. The stepwise folding process resulting from orthogonal self-assembly-induced supramolecular interactions yields compartmentalized SCPNs comprised of distinct microdomains that mimick two secondary-structuring elements in proteins.
GTO-DOE/Industry Cost Shared Research; Microseismic Characterization and Monitoring in Geothermal Systems (1989)

The application of passive seismic studies in geothermal regions have undergone significant changes in the last 15 years. The primary application is now in the monitoring of subsurface processes, rather than exploration. A joint Geothermal Technology Organization (GTO) industry/DOE, monitoring project involving GEO, Unocal Geothermal, and LBL, was carried out at The Geysers geothermal field in northern California using a special high frequency monitoring system. This several-month-long experiment monitored the discrete and continuous seismic signals before, during, and after a fluid stimulation of a marginal production well. Almost 350,000 liters of water were pumped into the well over a four-hour, and a three-hour time period for two consecutive days in June of 1988. No significant changes in the background seismicity or the seismic noise were detected during the monitoring period. Analysis of the background seismicity did indicate that the earthquakes at The Geysers contain frequencies higher than 50 Hz. and possibly as high as 100 Hz.
Liquid Metal Actuator for Inducing Chaotic Advection (2014)

Chaotic advection plays an important role in microplatforms for a variety of applications. Currently used mechanisms for inducing chaotic advection in small scale, however, are limited by their complicated fabrication processes and relatively high power consumption. Here, a soft actuator is reported which utilizes a droplet of Galinstan liquid metal to induce harmonic Marangoni flow at the surface of liquid metal when activated by a sinusoidal signal. This liquid metal actuator has no rigid parts and employs continuous electrowetting effect to induce chaotic advection with exceptionally low power consumption. The theory behind the operation of this actuator is developed and validated via a series of experiments. The presented actuator can be readily integrated into other microfluidic components for a wide range of applications.
Prediction and Validation of Native and Engineered Cas9 Guide Sequences (2016)

Cas9-based technologies rely on native elements of Type II CRISPR-Cas bacterial immune systems, including the trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA), CRISPR RNA (crRNA), Cas9 protein, and protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM). The tracrRNA and crRNA form an RNA duplex that guides the Cas9 endonuclease to complementary nucleic acid sequences. Mechanistically, Cas9 initiates interactions by binding to the target PAM sequence and interrogating the target DNA in a 3'-to-5' manner. Complementarity between the guide RNA and the target DNA is key. In natural systems, precise cleavage occurs when the target DNA sequence contains a PAM flanking a sequence homologous to the crRNA spacer sequence. Currently, the majority of commercial Cas9-based genome-editing tools are derived from the Type II CRISPR-Cas system of Streptococcus pyogenes However, a diverse set of Type II CRISPR-Cas systems exist in nature that are potentially valuable for genome engineering applications. Exploitation of these systems requires prediction and validation of both native and engineered dual and single guide RNAs to drive Cas9 functionality. Here, we discuss how to identify the elements of these immune systems to develop next-generation Cas9-based genome-editing tools. We first discuss how to predict tracrRNA sequences and suggest a method for designing single guide RNAs containing only critical structural modules. We then outline how to predict the PAM sequence, which is crucial for determining potential targets for Cas9. Finally, validation of the system elements through transcriptome analysis and interference assays is essential for developing next-generation Cas9-based genome-editing tools.
Laminar flow and heat transfer over a two‐dimensional triangular step (1989)

Abstract The velocity correction algorithm is used in the finite element method to solve forced convection problems between parallel plates with a triangular step, for Reynolds numbers up to 1000. Equal‐order interpolation functions for velocity, pressure and temperature are used. The solutions show a smooth variation of pressure. The streamfunction, isotherms, isobars and velocity profiles are presented for a typical Reynolds number of 500. The skin friction and heat transfer results are presented for Reynolds numbers up to 1000.
Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency Induces Morphological Changes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Collagen Fibrils (1999)

We studied the ultrastructural changes of the human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with transmission electron micrograph cross-sections following isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the proximal third and anteromedial aspect of the ACL. Fourteen patients with PCL-deficient knees at a mean of 22.1 months from injury to surgery and 5 normal knees amputated secondary to malignant tumors or traumatic injuries were used as controls. A significant difference was found in the number of collagen fibrils per 1 microm2 between the PCL-deficient knee group and the control group. There was a significant difference found in the collagen fibril diameter between the PCL-deficient knee group and the control group. The collagen packing density (the percentage of sampled area occupied by collagen fibrils) was also significantly different between the PCL-deficient knee and the control group. The current study shows that an isolated PCL insufficiency can induce morphological changes in ACL collagen fibrils, suggesting that a PCL insufficiency can have adverse effects on other ligamentous structures in the knee joint.
A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of Dwarf and Giant Galaxies in the Coma Cluster. V. Dependence of the Spectroscopic Properties on Location in the Cluster (2002)

We investigate the radial dependence of the spectroscopic properties, in particular the Mg2, <Fe> and H beta spectroscopic indices, in a sample of galaxies spanning a wide range of absolute luminosity in the Coma cluster. After allowing for the magnitude dependence of these indices, we find a significant gradient in Mg2, in the sense that galaxies in the core of the cluster have stronger Mg2. We find only weak gradients in <Fe> and H beta. Using the model grids presented in an earlier paper in this series, we attribute the Mg2 gradient to changes in metal abundance. One possible mechanism to create this abundance gradient is pressure confinement by the intracluster medium of material from Supernova driven winds early in the history of the galaxies.
C/EBP Transcription Factors Mediate Epicardial Activation During Heart Development and Injury (2012)

The epicardium encapsulates the heart and functions as a source of multipotent progenitor cells and paracrine factors essential for cardiac development and repair. Injury of the adult heart results in reactivation of a developmental gene program in the epicardium, but the transcriptional basis of epicardial gene expression has not been delineated. We established a mouse embryonic heart organ culture and gene expression system that facilitated the identification of epicardial enhancers activated during heart development and injury. Epicardial activation of these enhancers depends on a combinatorial transcriptional code centered on CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors. Disruption of C/EBP signaling in the adult epicardium reduced injury-induced neutrophil infiltration and improved cardiac function. These findings reveal a transcriptional basis for epicardial activation and heart injury, providing a platform for enhancing cardiac regeneration.
Carbamazepine increased pregnenolone synthesis blocked by peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (1995)

Abstract Despite the widespread use of carbamazepine (CBZ) in the treatment of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, its mechanism(s) of action remain to be elucidated. In view of the postulated interaction of CBZ with peripheral type benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors and the role of these receptors in regulating neuroactive steroid biosynthesis, we investigated the effects of CBZ on pregnenolone accumulation in cultured rat C6 glioma cells. We found that CBZ elevates pregnenolone accumulation over a period of 60 min, and that this effect was not due to inhibition of pregnenolone metabolism. Preincubation of C6 cells with the selective peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor antagonist PK11195 blocked the CBZ‐induced elevation in pregnenolone‐induced elevation in pregnenolone accumulation. The results suggest that CBZ stimulated pregnenolone biosynthesis in cultured C6 cells involves a direct or indirect interaction with peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors. These effects may provide additional insights into the mechanisms by which CBZ regulates neuronal excitability. Depression 3:267‐y (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. .
Sex Pheromone of the Subtropical Pine Tip Moth,Rhyacionia subtropica12 (1979)

A sex pheromone component from female Rhyacionia subtropica Miller has been identified as ( E )-9-dodecenyl acetate. Traps containing one mg of compound on rubber septa captured more male R. subtropica than did live female traps. The corresponding alchohol was identified in gland extract, but its presence in pheromone traps resulted in a decrease in trap catch.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of the Key Intermediate for Penems, Carbapenems, and Related β‐Lactam Antibiotics. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Calculation of Fin Efficiency for Wet and Dry Fins (1996)

This paper presents a quantitative evaluation of methods used to calculate fin efficiency for dry and wet fins. The exact solution for circular fins uses Bessel functions, which are tedious to evaluate. The authors provide an empirical modification to the Schmidt equation (Hong and Webb equation), which provides improved accuracy for circular fins. Existing methods to evaluate the fin efficiency of rectangular, plain plate fins are evaluated. The plate-fin methods are compared against the fin efficiency calculated by the sector method using Bessel functions. Use of the sector method with the Hong and Webb equation is recommended. Cases for which the simple “equivalent circular fin” method is a very good approximation are defined. Methods to calculate the fin efficiency of enhanced fin geometries are discussed. The authors show that the wet surface fin efficiency for any fin geometry may be calculated using a simple modification of the dry surface fin efficiency equation. Example calculations are presented, which show that the wet surface fin efficiency can be as much as 35% below the dry surface fin efficiency for high humidity conditions.
An automatic speech recognition system for bedside data entry in an intensive care unit (2002)

The development of a patient data management system (PDMS) and its voice data-entry unit is outlined. The PDMS is based on an IBM PS/2 interfaced to a local area network for the acquisition of real-time patient data. The voice data-entry unit is based on a speech recognition unit plugged into a slave IBM AT system which communicates with the PDMS computer and software by means of a serial link. An outline of the features of the speech board is presented, and its user interface and its interface with the current PDMS hardware and software discussed. A prototype version of the voice data-entry unit is being tested with the PDMS for the entry of fluid balance data at the patient bedside. By providing a more natural means of manually entering data, the use of speech recognition and generation in intensive care units looks promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Considerations for Micro- and Nano-scale Space Payloads (1995)

This paper collects and summarizes many of the issues associated with the design, analysis, and flight of space payloads. However, highly miniaturized experimental packages are highly susceptible to the deleterious effects of induced contamination and charged particles when they are directly exposed to the space environment. These two problem areas are addressed and a general discussion of space environments, applicable design and analysis practices (with extensive references to the open literature) and programmatic considerations are presented.
Three-level view of fetal brain imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies (1999)

The three-level view provides a comprehensive and systematic sonographic approach to the evaluation of the fetal intracranial anatomy, and for the diagnosis of anomalous fetal brain development.
Steroids. CXLV.<sup>1</sup> 2-Methylandrostane Derivatives. Demonstration of Boat Form in the Bromination of 2α-Methyl-androstan-17β-o1-3-one (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. CXLV.1 2-Methylandrostane Derivatives. Demonstration of Boat Form in the Bromination of 2α-Methyl-androstan-17β-o1-3-oneR. Mauli, H. J. Ringold, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 20, 5494–5500Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01505a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01505a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low energy vacuum arc ion source (1994)

We have developed a version of vacuum arc ion source that produces a metal ion beam with energy of order 1 keV. The ion beam extractor is a three-grid, multiaperture configuration with a low accel–decel ratio so that ions are extracted from the plasma at a relatively high energy and then decelerated to the desired net beam energy. We have tentatively given this ion source the name leva, for low energy vacuum arc ion source. The leva source is cylindrical in shape with diameter about 6 cm and length about 16 cm and is located completely within the vacuum system; it is constructed from metal and alumina only and can be baked. We have operated it at net extraction voltages in the range 0.5–10 kV and produced a titanium ion beam current of up to 120 mA. Here we describe the source construction details and its performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Substituted Heterocycles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A CRITICAL GUIDE TO CASE SERIES REPORTS (2005)

Objective. Provide guidance to investigators and authors regarding appropriate conduct and reporting of case-series studies. Summary of Background Data. Evidence-based practice has provided a substantial contribution to advancing clinical science. Many study designs have been critically examined, and the quality of the research literature has improved. A common study design in musculoskeletal medicine is the case series: a description of the course of patients over time. Case series can provide valuable information as to: case definition, trend analyses regarding outcomes, and clues as to causation. Case series cannot be used to draw inferences regarding treatment effect. Methods. Examination of previous work on identification of characteristics of high quality study designs such as cohort studies; extending this work to case series. Results. We identified draft characteristics that good case series studies should address: clearly defined study question; well- described study population; well-described intervention; use of validated outcome measures; appropriate statistical analyses; well-described results; discussion/conclusions supported by the data presented; funding sources acknowledged. Conclusions. We propose these measures to authors and journal editors as one mechanism to improve the quality of the case series study.
Development of large aperture, high-frequency piezo-electric transducers for photoacoustic imaging (2017)

This paper presents the development of focused single element ultrasound transducers for photoacoustics. Two transducer technologies using 36° rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 have been implemented and compared, namely a LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal bonded to a glass lens and a shaped piezo-composite. The 50MHz transducer design with an acceptance angle greater than 60° has been optimized by analytical and finite element simulation. One transducer of each technology was developed. A relative bandwidth of 70% and 133% was reached with the self-focused transducer and the lens-focused transducer, respectively. The self-focused transducer has a higher sensitivity compared to the lens-focused transducer, with a 4.7dB gain. Results suggest that the self-focusing technology can be further improved to develop high sensitivity transducers with broader bandwidth.