gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient path planning for multiple agents in agriculture fields (2020)

This report focuses on the particular task of path planning. This problem is NP-hard and is closely related to the vehicle routing problem (VRP) in operations research. Given a known map of an agriculture field, the goal is for the robots to allocate and visit all the targeted crops in an efficient way as a team. Here ’efficient’ means minimum distance and time, but it is shown that often both cannot be minimised simultaneously. In particular, using more agents results in a longer total distance but a shorter time overall. Instead a cost function was developed to balance these two metrics. Two environments were developed in Python. A continuous environment with a basic physics model without collisions, which is used to simulate aerial robots, and a grid environment with obstacles, which is used to simulate ground robots moving between crops. The obstacles were static, so Dijkstra’s algorithm was used to find the shortest paths around them. This meant the same algorithms could be used in both environments. Exact solutions were found with the Bellman-Held-Karp algorithm, but it runs in exponential time. The focus instead was on more practical approximation algorithms which run in polynomial time. These were: nearest neighbour (NN) ranked, dividing the field into clusters and then using the NN algorithm or Christofides’ algorithm, Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) and Q-learning. Of these, ACO performed the best on the distance and time metrics. However the solution is partly random, which resulted in path crossing - which increases the chances of collisions between agents - and a large spread between the distances agents’ travel - which leads to uneven wear and tear. Clustering with NN or Christofides’ gave more controlled solutions with
comparable metrics.
Phylogenetic Significance of Interspecific Hybridization in Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) (1984)

Jatropha is a morphologically diverse genus of 160-175 species of trees, shrubs, rhi- zomatous subshrubs, and geophytes, distributed primarily in the seasonally dry tropics. The results of attempted interspecific hybridization of 20 species in eight of the ten sections support the previously suggested phylogenetic relationships of various taxa; decrease in ability to cross corre- sponds with evolutionary advancement, which is indicated by morphological reductions including dioecy, drastic shifts in growth habit, and/or changes in ploidy level. Except for the dioecious species, these plants have an autoxenogamous breeding system and moderate to well-defined in- terspecific differences in floral mechanisms. Related species show largely a high degree of unilateral compatibility (genetic incongruity) and may be separated by preferential fertilization, rather than incompatibility, whereas more phylogenetically distant taxa are separated by actual incompatibility barriers. Geographical isolation notwithstanding, related species are capable of gene exchange within wide limits under artificial conditions; phylogenetic relationships may be inferred by cross- ability of the taxa.
Exchange Server 2007十大新特性 (2007)

2006年11月30日，作为微软核心软件产品的Exchange Server 2007在北京隆重发布。要想了解Exchange Server 2007的新特性，那一定得首先了解在Exchange Server 2007中，标志性的基于功能和配置集合的多种服务器角色、消息保护、简单易用的资源预定和更多的安全选项等等。
Leisingera aquimarina sp. nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm, and emended descriptions of Leisingera methylohalidivorans Schaefer et al. 2002, Phaeobacter daeponensis Yoon et al. 2007 and Phaeobacter inhibens Martens et al. 2006 (2008)

Strain LMG 24366(T) was isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm grown on a stainless steel cathode (Genova, Italy) and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This study demonstrated that strain LMG 24366(T) represents a novel species within the genus Leisingera, which shared 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with its nearest phylogenetic neighbour, Leisingera methylohalidivorans. Strain LMG 24366(T) grew on betaine (1 mM) as a sole carbon source, whereas no growth was observed on L-methionine (10 mM). The phenotypic and genotypic analyses showed that strain LMG 24366(T) could be differentiated from established Leisingera species and that it represented a novel species, for which the name Leisingera aquimarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24366(T) (=CCUG 55860(T)) and has a DNA G+C content of 61.4 mol%.
Advanced driver assistance systems information management and presentation (2004)

With the development of advanced driving assistance systems, in-vehicle\ncommunication and information systems, there are situations where the driver\nbecomes overloaded by information, creating potentially dangerous conditions.\nIn this Thesis a novel strategy is proposed, to prioritise and present\ninformation.\nFirstly two main criteria are extracted, that allow the ability to rank\nmessages: the risk associated with the non-presentation of the message, and\nits relevance to the environment. Fuzzy cognitive maps enable to represent\nexpert knowledge and model these relationships.\nSecondly, a strategy to present information is proposed. Using an importance\nindex, calculated from the previous risk and relevance indices, but\nalso information nature, time constraints and access frequency, a set of best\ninterfaces is selected. Furthermore design a model of driver workload is designed,\nbased on the multiple resources theory. By estimating in real time\nthe workload of the driver, the system enables to choose an optimal interface,\nthat should prevent overload.\nThis Thesis presents then the tools developed for the implementation and\ntesting of the model. A video capture and data transfer program, based on\nthe IEEE-1394 bus, enable in-vehicle real-time data capture and collection.\nMoreover, a software package for replay of the acquired data, analysis and\nsimulation is developed. Finally, the implementation of the prioritisation and\npresentation strategy is outlined.\nThe last part of this work is dedicated to the experiments and results.\nUsing an experimental vehicle, data in different driving conditions are collected.\nthe experiment is completed by creating data to simulate potentially\ndangerous situations, where driver is overloaded with information. The results show that the information management and presentation system is able\nto prevent overload in most conditions. Its structure and design allow to\nincorporate expert knowledge to refine the classification.
Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. Primary structure deduced from cDNA clones. (1987)

The PC-1 protein is a membrane glycoprotein that is selectively expressed on the surface of antibody-secreting cells.Previous work has shown that it consists of two apparently identical disulfide-bonded polypeptides, each of molecular weight approximately 120,000.We now describe the sequence of PC-1 mRNA and protein.The PC-1 protein is shown to consist of 905 amino acids and to have an uncommon transmembrane orientation.The NH2-terminal 58 residues are intracellular and the COOH-terminal826 residues are extracellular.A cysteine-rich region of 85 amino acids lies adjacent to the extracellular surface of the membrane and appears to have arisen by exon duplication.In common with other membrane glycoproteins with this orientation, there is no obvious signal sequence other than the transmembrane segment.The PC-1 protein therefore has an overall structure and membrane orientation that resembles those of the transferrin receptor, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, and the Ia invariant chain.The final stage of differentiation of B-lymphocytes into antibody-secreting cells (plasma cells) is accompanied by many cellular changes.In parallel with the greatly increased rate of synthesis of secretory forms of immunoglobulins, there must presumably be increased synthesis of the cellular apparatus needed for their packaging, intracellular transport, and release.There may also be changes in the homing properties of the cells, or their ability to respond to signals from other cells.While most of the known changes in membrane proteins that accompany this transition involve losses (e.g.Ia antigens, Fc receptors, membrane immunoglobulin), it might be expected that the acquisition of high-rate secretion would also be accompanied by the gain of new proteins at the plasma membrane.These could conceivably include components of secretory apparatus, carbohydrate-processing enzymes, or receptors for intercellular signals.At the present time, very few plasma cell-specific membrane
A versatile and efficient method to fabricate durable superhydrophobic surfaces on wood, lignocellulosic fiber, glass, and metal substrates (2016)

A versatile and highly efficient method was proposed to fabricate durable, superhydrophobic surfaces on various substrates, including wood, lignocellulosic fibers, cotton textiles, sponge, glass, and metals.
Motion-Compensated Coder (1987)

In an earlier paper, an extension of the pel recursive techniques of Netravali and Robbins [2] and Cafforio and Rocca [3] was introduced. Here a method is provided to realize the algorithm in hardware, with some approximations. The prediction error distribution allows the use of quantized variables to a lookup table of reasonable size. The algorithm is then incorporated into a simple multimode coder capable of 1.5 bits/pel on the sequence examined. The coder incorporates a spot filter, quantizer, block run length coding, and variable word length coding and subsampling. Simulation results are presented, including bit rate, buffer status, and mode control analysis.
Timing-Driven Placement (2008)

This chapter reviews two basic sets of netweighting algorithms: static netweighting and dynamic netweighting. It explores two global placement approaches: partitioning and force-directed, a several detailed placement approaches. The chapter examines a mincut-based approach and two analytical partitioning-based approaches and presents several representative and techniques for Timing-driven placement (TDP) and timing-aware placement. Timing convergence metrics measure the extent to which a placement satisfies timing constraints. The most interesting aspect of the TDP is the mechanism to translate timing metrics into actions to drive the core placement engines. Netweighting-based TDP is very simple to implement and less computational intensive. Static netweighting computes the netweights once before TDP. It can be divided into two categories: empirical netweighting and sensitivity-based netweighting. Empirical netweighting assigns netweight based on the critically of the net, which indicates how much the placer should reduce the wirelength on this net.
SNAP: predict effect of non-synonymous polymorphisms on function (2007)

Many genetic variations are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Non-synonymous SNPs are 'neutral' if the resulting point-mutated protein is not functionally discernible from the wild type and 'non-neutral' otherwise. The ability to identify non-neutral substitutions could significantly aid targeting disease causing detrimental mutations, as well as SNPs that increase the fitness of particular phenotypes. Here, we introduced comprehensive data sets to assess the performance of methods that predict SNP effects. Along we introduced SNAP (screening for non-acceptable polymorphisms), a neural network-based method for the prediction of the functional effects of non-synonymous SNPs. SNAP needs only sequence information as input, but benefits from functional and structural annotations, if available. In a cross-validation test on over 80,000 mutants, SNAP identified 80% of the non-neutral substitutions at 77% accuracy and 76% of the neutral substitutions at 80% accuracy. This constituted an important improvement over other methods; the improvement rose to over ten percentage points for mutants for which existing methods disagreed. Possibly even more importantly SNAP introduced a well-calibrated measure for the reliability of each prediction. This measure will allow users to focus on the most accurate predictions and/or the most severe effects. Available at http://www.rostlab.org/services/SNAP.
The Indazole Analog of Serotonin (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Indazole Analog of SerotoninC. AinsworthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 19, 5245–5247Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01576a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01576a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autonomous Hard Real-time Response in Safety-Critical Systems (2001)

Autonomy introduces computational complexity, particularly when multiple behaviors are required to handle events that compromise safety. A real-time control plan specifies actions plus a resource schedule to guarantee real-time constraints will be met during plan execution. The Cooperative Real-time Control Architecture (CIRCA) was designed to automatically create and execute real-time control plans. We describe CIRCA, its application to UCAV automation, and ongoing efforts to apply this approach to autonomous spacecraft operations and satellite inspection missions.
Adapting to the pupil’s needs (1975)

Although general principles have been set out in previous chapters, the essential problem of successful teaching is to adjust the approach to meet the needs of as many individual pupils as possible, or at least those of each class (more likely to be the rule than the exception). A great variety of conditions exists.
Regioselective BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O-catalyzed C–H functionalization of indoles and pyrrole with reaction of α-diazophosphonates (2016)

A regioselective synthesis of β-(3-indol)-β-aminophosphonates and β-(2-pyrrol)-β-aminophosphonates was developed through an intermolecular C–H insertion of α-diazophosphonates with indole and pyrrole derivatives catalyzed by BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O.
A programming and simulation model of a SIMD-MIMD architecture for image processing (2002)

Typical real time computer vision tasks require huge amount of processing power, larger than can be achieved by current state of the art workstations. Parallel processing appears to be the only solution (economically) to obtain sufficient processing power for handling real time computer vision applications. The nature of processing in a typical computer vision algorithm usually ranges from many large small arithmetic operations (fine grain parallelism) to symbolic operations (coarse grain parallelism). Yet, normal general purpose parallel computers usually only suit one type of processing, not the whole range. The ESPRIT basic research project SM-IMP looks at a scalable combined SIMD-MIMD architecture for image processing, suiting both fine grain and coarse grain parallelism and capable of offering sufficient processing performance for real time computer vision applications. A programming model and simulation model for this SIMD-MIMD architecture are proposed.
How Transferable Are CNN-Based Features for Age and Gender Classification? (2016)

Age and gender are complementary soft biometric traits for face recognition. Successful estimation of age and gender from facial images taken under real-world conditions can contribute improving the identification results in the wild. In this study, in order to achieve robust age and gender classification in the wild, we have benefited from Deep Convolutional Neural Networks based representation. We have explored transferability of existing deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for age and gender classification. The generic AlexNet-like architecture and domain specific VGG-Face CNN model are employed and fine-tuned with the Adience dataset prepared for age and gender classification in uncontrolled environments. In addition, task specific GilNet CNN model has also been utilized and used as a baseline method in order to compare with transferred models. Experimental results show that both transferred deep CNN models outperform the GilNet CNN model, which is the state-of-the-art age and gender classification approach on the Adience dataset, by an absolute increase of 7% and 4.5% in accuracy, respectively. This outcome indicates that transferring a deep CNN model can provide better classification performance than a task specific CNN model, which has a limited number of layers and trained from scratch using a limited amount of data as in the case of GilNet. Domain specific VGG-Face CNN model has been found to be more useful and provided better performance for both age and gender classification tasks, when compared with generic AlexNet-like model, which shows that transfering from a closer domain is more useful.
Polyfunctional PIB succinimide type engine oil additives (2001)

Abstract The physical and chemical properties of polyisobutylene (PIB) succinimide and polyisobutylene polysuccinimide type dispers‐ants for engine oil have been studied. Differences in the enhancement or diminution of detergent‐dispersant, viscosity‐index‐improving, and antiwear effects were observed for different combinations of various functional additives and succinimide dispersants, depending on their chemical structure. Owing to the higher concentration of performance packages presently required for engine oils, the detrimental interactions of additives might increase, resulting in a reduction of the detergent‐dispersant, viscosity‐index‐improving, and antiwear efficiency, as well as unfavourable gelation processes. Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, and bench tests for screening engine oil additives were used to determined relationships between the properties of lubricating oils and the composition of additives. The advantages of well balanced and selected succinimide combinations in a performance package with high detergent‐dispersant efficiency were demonstrated.
Isotopic Incorporation Rates and Discrimination Factors in Mantis Shrimp Crustaceans (2015)

Stable isotope analysis has provided insights into the trophic ecology of a wide diversity of animals. Knowledge about isotopic incorporation rates and isotopic discrimination between the consumer and its diet for different tissue types is essential for interpreting stable isotope data, but these parameters remain understudied in many animal taxa and particularly in aquatic invertebrates. We performed a 292-day diet shift experiment on 92 individuals of the predatory mantis shrimp, Neogonodactylus bredini, to quantify carbon and nitrogen incorporation rates and isotope discrimination factors in muscle and hemolymph tissues. Average isotopic discrimination factors between mantis shrimp muscle and the new diet were 3.0 ± 0.6 ‰ and 0.9 ± 0.3 ‰ for carbon and nitrogen, respectively, which is contrary to what is seen in many other animals (e.g. C and N discrimination is generally 0-1 ‰ and 3-4 ‰, respectively). Surprisingly, the average residence time of nitrogen in hemolymph (28.9 ± 8.3 days) was over 8 times longer than that of carbon (3.4 ± 1.4 days). In muscle, the average residence times of carbon and nitrogen were of the same magnitude (89.3 ± 44.4 and 72.8 ± 18.8 days, respectively). We compared the mantis shrimps' incorporation rates, along with rates from four other invertebrate taxa from the literature, to those predicted by an allometric equation relating carbon incorporation rate to body mass that was developed for teleost fishes and sharks. The rate of carbon incorporation into muscle was consistent with rates predicted by this equation. Our findings provide new insight into isotopic discrimination factors and incorporation rates in invertebrates with the former showing a different trend than what is commonly observed in other animals.
Intraventricular methotrexate therapy of leptomeningeal metastasis from breast carcinoma (1983)

Treatment results of leptomeningeal metastasis are reported in 33 breast cancer patients. They were divided into three groups: group 1, 19 patients, received intraventricular methotrexate (MTX) with doses based on CSF MTX levels; group 2, 6 patients, received whole brain radiation followed by a course of MTX given by lumbar punctures; group 3, 8 patients, was not treated. Median survival in group 1 was 6 months; 25% survived 1 year or more. Median survival (1 to 2 months) in groups 2 and 3 was significantly shorter. Neurologic improvement was seen in an average time of 4 weeks in about 80% of group 1 patients. Two of group 2 patients improved at 3 weeks, and all group 3 patients deteriorated. Carcinomatosis caused death significantly less often in group 1 than in the other groups.
Projeto E Implantação Experimental De Um Sistema De Conversão Eólio-elétrica Operando Em Baixa Velocidade (2006)

Este artigo propõe um sistema autônomo de conversão eólio-elétrica operando em baixa velocidade, tendo como gerador elétrico uma máquina de indução trifásica comercial com rotor em gaiola de esquilo. O gerador é excitado através de um inversor trifásico alimentado por um banco de baterias. Mostra-se que a máquina de indução, apesar de ser projetada para operar como motor com velocidades em torno de 1800 rpm, pode operar com velocidades em torno de 300 rpm e rendimento de até 60%. A operação em baixa velocidade e com freqüência variável proporciona uma conexão direta entre o rotor eólico e o gerador de indução sem a necessidade de caixa de engrenagens, fato este que reduz os custos de instalação e de manutenção e aumenta o rendimento do conjunto. O sistema foi projetado e um protótipo de laboratório implementado. Resultados experimentais são mostrados para validar a proposta aqui apresentada.