gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENDOSCOPY OF THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (1999)

By Wesley King, John Frazee and Antonio de Salles.1998. Pp. 250. New York: Trias.Price DM 368. ISBN 3-13-103611-7.

Although endoscopy within the CNS was first attempted at the beginning of the century, it has only recently been widely advocated. Endoscopy in other medical and surgical fields is now firmly established but the process of defining its uses in the central and peripheral nervous system is still in its infancy. Only within the ventricular system has the technique become firmly established in the treatment of hydrocephalus and intraventricular tumours.

In the last decade many advances have been made in equipment and procedures for using endoscopic techniques within the …
Immunophenotyping fish-to-mouse islet xenograft rejection: a time course study. (1997)

We conclude that cell-mediated processes and eosinophils play roles in the rejection of cellular xenografts across this very wide phylogenetic barrier.
An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data (1980)

SUMMARY The technique set out in the paper, CHAID, is an offshoot of AID (Automatic Interaction Detection) designed for a categorized dependent variable. Some important modifications which are relevant to standard AID include: built-in significance testing with the consequence of using the most significant predictor (rather than the most explanatory), multi-way splits (in contrast to binary) and a new type of predictor which is especially useful in handling missing information.
Risk Factors for Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter Complications in Children (2013)

Noncentral PICC tip locations, younger age, and pediatric ICU exposure were independent risk factors for complications necessitating PICC removal. Despite reductions in PICC complications, further efforts are needed to prevent PICC-associated complications in children.
Bar code localization in wavelet domain by using binary morphology (2004)

A wavelet transform based bar code localization algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is designed to enable fast and memory efficient application for automatic bar code recognition systems that are used in big manufacturing and distribution units. The region of interest areas are kept and other regions are discarded by applying binary morphology on wavelet transform coefficients.
Comparison of Preoperative Nd:YAG Laser Anterior Capsulotomy Versus Two-Stage Curvilinear Capsulorhexis in Phacoemulsification of White Intumescent Cataracts (2009)

Preoperative Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy is a safe technique in decompressing the capsular bag before phacoemulsification of white intumescent cataracts with liquefied cortex.
An Extended Variational Formulation for Isothermal Gas-Dynamic Lubrication (1970)

Abstract An extended variational formulation is derived which can be applied to problems in isothermal compressible flow where the medium obeys the perfect gas law. The Reynold’s approximations for fluid film lubrication have been applied to this variational formulation to obtain an expression that is applicable to the field of gas-dynamic lubrication. This variational formulation for gas-dynamic lubrication has as its Euler-Lagrange equation, the Reynolds’ equation of lubrication for a perfect gas. The extended variational formulation is shown to differ from the classical Lagrangian expression with respect to its form and to its applicability to nonlinear problems.
Design of a Compact, Lightweight, Electromechanical Linear Series Elastic Actuator (2014)

Series Elastic Actuators (SEAs) have several benefits for force controlled robotic applications. Typical SEAs place an elastic element between the motor and the load, increasing shock tolerance, allowing for more accurate and stable force control, and creating the potential for energy storage. This paper presents the design of a compact, lightweight, low-friction, electromechanical linear SEA used in the lower body of the Tactical Hazardous Operations Robot (THOR). The THOR SEA is an evolutionary improvement upon the SAFFiR SEA [1]. Design changes focused on reducing the size and fixed length of the actuator while increasing its load capacity. This SEA pairs a ball screw-driven linear actuator with a configurable elastic member. The elastic element is a titanium leaf spring with a removable pivot, setting the compliance to either 650 or 372 [kN/m]. The compliant beam is positioned parallel to the actuator, reducing overall packaging size by relocating the space required for spring deflection. Unlike typical SEAs which measure force through spring deflection, the force applied to the titanium beam is measured through a tension/compression load cell located in line with each actuator, resulting in a measurable load range of +/−2225 [N] at a tolerance of +/−1 [N]. A pair of universal joints connects the actuator to the compliant beam and to the robot frame. As the size of each universal joint is greatly dependent upon its required range of motion, each joint design is tailored to fit a particular angle range to further reduce packaging size. Potential research topics involving the actuator are proposed for future work.
Sensorless Self-Tuning Digital CPM Controller With Multiple Parameter Estimation and Thermal Stress Equalization (2011)

This paper introduces a practical sensorless average current-programmed mode controller for low-power dc–dc converters operating at high switching frequencies. The controller accurately estimates inductor currents and identifies main converter parameters. Namely, total conduction losses in each of the phases as well as the inductors and output capacitance values are identified. The estimate of the losses is used to monitor temperature of the components without costly thermal sensors and for current sharing based on thermal stress equalization increasing system reliability. The identified filter values are utilized in a transient-mode controller for obtaining response with virtually minimum output voltage deviation. The key element of the new controller is a self-tuning digital multiparameter estimator that operates on the inductor time-constant matching principle. It estimates the average inductor current over one switching cycle using an adaptive IIR filter and, in the same process, identifies other converter parameters. The operation of the controller is verified with a single-phase 12 to 1.5 V, 15 W and a dual-phase 12 to 1.8 V, 80 W buck converter prototypes operating at 500 kHz switching frequency. The results show that the controller estimates the current and temperature of the components with better than 10% accuracy, effectively equalizes phase temperatures, and provides virtually minimum output voltage deviation during load transients. The implementation also shows that the controller is well suited for on-chip implementation. Its full realization requires less than 16 000 logic gates and two relatively simple ADCs that, in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process, can be implemented on a small silicon area, no larger than 0.6 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$ </tex></formula> .
The Effect of Processing on Fiber Dispersion, Fiber Length, and Thermal Degradation of Bleached Sulfite Cellulose Fiber Polypropylene Composites (2009)

The goal of this study is to examine how the extrusion process affects the dispersion, length, and thermal degradation of cellulose fibers (CF) in polypropylene (PP) composites. Bleached sulfite CF are pelletized and then compounded (20 and 30wt%) in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The pelletizing process of CF is found to cause extensive fiber breakage. The fiber length is decreased from an initial 1.7 to 0.8 mm. The results show that higher screw speed, higher fiber content, and two extrusions not only increase the shear energy, resulting in improved fiber dispersion but also cause fiber breakage and thermal degradation. The composite's mechanical properties are not improved with better fiber dispersion and the reason for this might be the extensive fiber breakage and thermal degradation. Moreover, it is found that the PP polymer is also slightly degraded during the compounding process.
Paralytic strabismus and syndromes (1994)

Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK John Lee, FRCOphth, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London ECTV 2 PD, UK.
Rod Photoreceptor Loss in Rho<sup>−/−</sup>Mice Reduces Retinal Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Regulated Gene Expression (2006)

Relative hypoxia occurs in the inner retina especially during dark adaptation. Photoreceptor loss reduces retinal oxygen usage and hypoxia which corresponds with attenuation of the retinal microvasculature. These studies suggest that in normal physiological conditions and diurnal cycles the adult retina exists in a state of borderline hypoxia, making this tissue particularly susceptible to even subtle reductions in perfusion.
Maintenance managers guide to...: Vibration analysis and associated techniques in condition monitoring (2011)

Parts 1 and 2 were in the October 2011 issue of the AMMJ. In Part 1 of this 3 part series we looked at the basics of vibration. We then addressed how this can through the understanding of machine vibration help us ascertain machine condition and from there showed some common frequency related faults that help identify deterioration. In Part 2 we looked at some of the more common techniques, how they can be applied and some tools of the trade. We also looked at just what is required when taking vibration readings and in particular transducers; how they work and what they can measure and of course ultimately how that can help us determine the condition of a machine. In this Part 3 of the series we look at using monitoring information, some of the 'yardsticks' available to establish vibration operating envelopes and some case studies that demonstrate vibration analysis in a Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) strategy.
Editor's Introduction (1992)

Marxist-Leninist ideology as developed in the former USSR provided a bright picture of Russia's place in the world and its future course toward an earthly paradise. As the nucleus of the first socialist state in history, Russia was leading not only the USSR but the world toward a communist future of unparalleled abundance, true social justice, and the full flowering of human capacities. It was a dream that gave Russia a worthy identity and a practical guide to action.
Role of atomic radius and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>-states hybridization in the stability of the crystal structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Al</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>, Ga, In) oxides (2014)

We study the stability of the corundum, gallia, and bixbyite structures of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3},{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with density functional theory calculations. To artificially control the relative position of the $d$ states within the band structure, we add a Hubbard-like on-site Coulomb interaction to the $d$ states. We quantitatively show that smaller (larger) atomic radii favor the corundum (bixbyte) structure, which supports empirical models based on the atomic radius ratio between the cation and anions and the spacing-filling condition. Thus, ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystallizes in the corundum and bixbyite structures, which is consistent with experimental observations. The empirical models based on atomic radius and space filling would predict a corundum or bixbyite structure for ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. However, as expected from experimental observations, we find gallia to be the most stable structure for ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Our results explain why ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystallizes in the gallia structures instead of the corundum or bixbyite as follows. The stability of gallia increases as the hybridization of the Ga $d$ states with the O $2s$ states grows and the $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ splitting increases, which is maximized by the presence of fourfold cation sites. The presence of the fourfold cation sites in gallia is a key structural feature that increases its relative stability compared with the corundum and bixbyite structures for ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, which contain only sixfold cation sites, so that the effect of the $d$ states is unimportant.
Tumor necrosis factor-induced release of endogenous fatty acids analyzed by a highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method (1997)

A highly sensitive method to determine agonist-induced release of endogenous fatty acids from cells in culture was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Fatty acids were selectively derivatized with 1-pyrenyldiazomethane and separated on a LC18 reversed phase column using an acetonitrile-water gradient. The detection limit was approx. 20 fmol and the recovery of the complete method using oleic acid was 93-98%. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) increased the extracellular release of endogenous arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) from 21 to 153 pmol/well per 4 h using 2.7 x 10(6) WEHI fibrosarcoma cells. In cells preincubated with 50 microM 20:4n-6, the corresponding figures were 463 and 3379 pmol 20:4n-6/well. Simultaneously, nearly equimolar amounts of 22:4n-6 were released together with slightly lower amounts of 24:4n-6, 16:0, 16:1n-9, and 18:1n-9. Analysis of cell lipid fatty acids showed that phosphatidylcholine was the major source of the released fatty acids. TNF-alpha increased the intracellular concentration of unesterified 20:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 by 368% and 451%, respectively. This suggests that released 20:4n-6 is rapidly chain elongated to 22:4n-6. The results indicate that the present method facilitates studies on agonist-induced release of endogenous fatty acids, and that TNF-induced fatty acid release seems to be less selective for 20:4n-6 than previously reported.
Productive and parasitic pathways in dilute acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProductive and parasitic pathways in dilute acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of celluloseWilliam S. Mok, Michael J. Antal Jr., and Gabor VarhegyiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 1, 94–100Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00001a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00001a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1488Altmetric-Citations198LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition and stimulation of trichloroethylene biodegradation in microaerophilic microcosms (1988)

Abstract The possibility of increasing the biotransformation rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) in ground water and subsurface environments by nutrient addition to microcosms was studied. Three sets of microcosms made of sediment and water were prepared under a nitrogen atmosphere to preserve microacrophilic conditions; each set contained one of the following nutrients: sulfate, methane or ethylene. A control set of microcosms without nutrients was also prepared. The addition of methane was found to increase the biotransformation rate of TCE, allowing the depletion of 99.6% of the TCE in 6 months of incubation, with a lag time of 3 months. In the control microcosms, with no added nutrient, 78% of the TCE was depleted in 6 months of incubation. However, in the microcosms to which sulfate or ethylene was added, the half-life of TCE was appreciably increased. This indicates that methane addition increased the ability of the indigenous microorganisms to biodegrade TCE under microaerophilic conditions, and that sulfate addition inhibited the organisms responsible for the biotransformation of TCE or their biodegrading ability. The effect of ethylene was ambiguous; bacterial growth did not occur in sediment-water cultures supplied with ethylene as the sole carbon source. Hence ethylene either inhibited growth of indigenous bacteria or was not a suitable carbon source. The microcosm experiments suggest that biotransformation resulted from the action of methylotrophs, coexisting in microhabitats with methanogens, which cometabolize the chlorinated ethenes with methane.
Expression Patterns of Laminin α 1 and α 5 in Human Lung during Development (2000)

Laminins are trimeric glycoprotein components of basement membranes. Each laminin has three structurally similar chains, designated alpha, beta, and gamma. Five laminin alpha chains are now known. In previous studies using monoclonal antibody 4C7, laminin alpha1 was thought to be present in basement membranes of human lung throughout development and in the adult, but recent expression studies have demonstrated that 4C7 identifies laminin alpha5 rather than alpha1. To determine the temporal and spatial patterns of laminin alpha1 and laminin alpha5 in developing human lung, we prepared complementary DNA probes specific for laminin alpha1 and alpha5 messenger RNAs (mRNAs). By Northern analysis, laminin alpha1 mRNA was prominent in first-trimester fetal lung, but was not detectable at 23 wk or at later times. In contrast, laminin alpha5 mRNA was readily detected in early fetal lung and remained present thereafter. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated laminin alpha1 only in early fetal lung, whereas laminin alpha5 was persistent from the early fetal period. In situ hybridization localized laminin alpha1 expression to distal epithelium in the first-trimester lung, and laminin alpha5 to all epithelium and developing pulmonary arteries from the first trimester through the perinatal period. These studies indicate that laminin alpha1 expression is restricted to early human lung morphogenesis, whereas the expression of laminin alpha5 in human lung is continuous from early lung development through adult life. It is evident that laminin alpha1 and laminin alpha5 have different roles in the development of the human lung.
Security mechanisms for multi-user collaborative CAx (2013)

Advances in computing technologies have provided the needed tools to transform traditional single user architecture Computer Aided Applications (CAx) to multi-user collaborative CAx architectures that supports simultaneous concurrency. To allow for a successful deployment in a corporate enterprise environment, the multi-user CAx architecture will require reliable security mechanisms to ensure protection of intellectual property. In this paper we propose mechanisms for securing user access and communications in a multi-user collaborative CAx software system. The proposed security solution is currently under development and is being tested on a collaborative multi-user version of a popular commercial CAD application.
Simulation of simultaneously obtaining ocean temperature and salinity using dual-wavelength Brillouin lidar (2014)

A method for simultaneously obtaining the ocean temperature and salinity based on dual-wavelength Brillouin lidar is proposed in this letter. On the basis of the relationships between the temperature and salinity and the Brillouin shifts, a retrieval model for retrieving the temperature and salinity is established. By using the retrieval model, the ocean temperature and salinity can be simultaneously obtained through the Brillouin shifts. Simulation based on dual-wavelength Brillouin lidar is also carried out for verification of the accuracy of the retrieval model. Results show that the errors of the retrieval model for temperature and salinity are ±0.27 °C and ±0.33‰.
Four-State Anti-Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (2016)

Ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) is a two-state non-volatile memory, in which information is digitally encoded using switchable remanent polarization states within a ferroelectric thin film capacitor. Here, we propose a novel non-volatile memory based on anti-ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics, termed anti-FRAM (AFRAM). The AFRAM memory cell architecture is similar to FRAM, but it is an operation protocol. Our initial experimental demonstration of the memory effect in anti-ferroelectric ceramic shows, remarkably, that the AFRAM technology encodes data in both ferroelectric sublattices of the anti-ferroelectric medium. This results in a four-state non-volatile memory capable of storing two digital bits simultaneously, unlike the FRAM technology that has two-memory states and it is capable to store one digital bit per cell.
Mechanism(s) of butyrate transport in Caco-2 cells: role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (2000)

The short-chain fatty acid butyrate was readily taken up by Caco-2 cells. Transport exhibited saturation kinetics, was enhanced by low extracellular pH, and was Na(+) independent. Butyrate uptake was unaffected by DIDS; however, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate and the butyrate analogs propionate and L-lactate significantly inhibited uptake. These results suggest that butyrate transport by Caco-2 cells is mediated by a transporter belonging to the monocarboxylate transporter family. We identified five isoforms of this transporter, MCT1, MCT3, MCT4, MCT5, and MCT6, in Caco-2 cells by PCR, and MCT1 was found to be the most abundant isoform by RNase protection assay. Transient transfection of MCT1, in the antisense orientation, resulted in significant inhibition of butyrate uptake. The cells fully recovered from this inhibition by 5 days after transfection. In conclusion, our data showed that the MCT1 transporter may play a major role in the transport of butyrate into Caco-2 cells.
Temperature measurement by means of semiconductor diode in pulse mode (1992)

In case of temperature measurement utilizing forward-biased pn junction, a polarization current is necessary because it is what indicates the pn diode into an operating mode. Simultaneously, with the diode into the operating mode, the polarization current heats the pn junction and impedes measurement. The usual solution to this problem is to reduce the current through the diode. If the current is passed through the diode only at the moment of measurement and for a single brief impulse, the average current, as well as the amount of heat given off to the pn junction, is drastically reduced. The described pulsed-diode thermometer has an average relative error (within 20–100 °C range) of ΔT/T=0.25%.