gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium Pectinate Gel Bead Intended for Oral Protein Delivery: Preparation Improvement and Formulation Development (2009)

Calcium pectinate gel (CPG) micrometer-sized beads (microbeads) containing insulin, as a model amphoteric protein, were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique together with an air compressor. The influences of phosphate buffer, pH as well as calcium and pectin concentrations of cross-linking solution on the characteristics and release profiles of microbeads were investigated. With the aid of compressed air flow, the mean diameters of beads were successfully decreased to micron-sized. The results showed that all the factors investigated greatly affected the entrapment efficiencies and release profiles of the microbeads. Suitable formulation concentrations should be considered and great care should be taken to maintain the pH of working solutions at or close to isoelectric point of protein loaded during the whole preparation process. Hence, CPG microbeads of perfect spherical shape, uniform sizes, enhanced mechanical strength, good entrapment efficiencies and delayed release profiles were prepared for a load of amphoteric protein and peptide drugs, without any use of organic solvents or harsh ingredients. Therefore, CPG microbeads could be a promising carrier for oral controlled-release systems of amphoteric protein and peptide drugs.
EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON POLLEN VITALITY OF LARIX OLGENSIS (1992)

After the treatment of pollen of larix olgensis at the different low temperature,the pollen vitality was observed by using fluorescent staining method.several concluuons were ob-tained:1)0℃一3℃ is the best temperature range for storing pollen of Larix olgensis.2)At the same temperature,humidity is the key factor influencing the pollen vitality,3)Different clones shows different resistance to low temperature.Among the ten clones 2# clone shows the highest resistance.
A national survey of women's attitudes toward oral contraception and other forms of birth control (1995)

PIP: A survey of women 18 years of age and older was conducted in 1993 for The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists by The Gallup Organization to examine women's opinion about the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and other methods of birth control. Many of the questions asked in the survey were repeated from an earlier Gallup study conducted for the College in 1985. The survey results were based on telephone interviews with a national sample of 995 women, 18 years of age or older, conducted from August 9 through September 21, 1993. None of the birth control methods was thought to be completely effective, though women tended to score oral contraceptives, implants, the intrauterine device, and injections more highly than other methods. The rhythm method, condoms, gels, spermicides, and foams were thought to be less effective. The condom was the only form of birth control thought by 49% of the women surveyed to provide complete (4%) or considerable (45%) protection against sexually transmitted diseases. However, only 6% reported that they currently used condoms. Other methods more likely to be named as providing at least some protection were spermicides/gels/foams (21%), diaphragms (18%), and sponges (13%). A large majority of the women reported that, with the exception of condoms, none of the other birth control methods provided protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 38% of women believed that condoms provided quite a lot of protection, and an additional 35% thought they provided at least some protection against HIV transmission. 54% of the women surveyed incorrectly believed there are substantial risks with using oral contraceptives, but 36% did not think so. The number of women citing substantial risks had decreased significantly since 1985 (54% vs. 76%). Of these, cancer was most frequently mentioned (29%). 42% of women named some type of benefit from using oral contraceptives other than preventing pregnancy; although an equal proportion (42%) thought there were no health benefits.
Serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer staging, grading, and follow‐up (1996)

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, a frequent neoplasia in industrialized countries, permits curative surgery. In this study we assessed the clinical role of serum tumor markers determination in diagnosing, staging, and grading colorectal cancer; the role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and CA 72-4 in colorectal cancer follow-up was also assessed. In 114 patients with colorectal cancer, the oncofetal antigen CEA was compared with the membrane-associated glycoproteins CA 19-9, CA 242, and CA 72-4 and with the cytokeratins TPA, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) and tissue polypeptide monoclonal antigen (TPM). Overall, the most sensitive indices were TPA and TPS (67% and 70%, respectively). Tumor stage influenced the levels of CEA, CA 19-9, and TPA, but not those of TPS, while tumor grade influenced CEA and TPS, but not CA 72-4, TPA, and TPM. TPA was the most sensitive index in identifying early or well-differentiated colorectal cancers. The sensitivity was enhanced when this marker was determined in combination with CEA, in diagnosing both advanced and early colorectal tumors. Seventy-seven patients were followed up after therapy for at least 18 months. CEA was the most sensitive index of recurrence (58%); however, this sensitivity is too low to consider tumor markers useful in colorectal cancer follow-up. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Virgilio (1996)

In this paper we introduce Virgilio, a system which generates VR-based visualizations of complex data objects representing the result of a query. Virgilio takes as input the dataset resulting from a query on a generic database and creates a corresponding visual representation composed of a collection of VRML (VR Modeling Language) scenes. The system uses a repository of real world objects (e.g., rooms, tables, portrait cases) which includes their visual aspect, the types of data they can support as well as a containment relationship among pairs of objects. Virgilio works in the following way: (i) attribute values of the dataset are displayed on virtual world objects according to the capability of these objects to represent the proper type of data, (ii) semantic relationships among the objects in the dataset are represented using the containment relationship.The main features of Virgilio are: to be parametric with respect to the explored database, to automatically produce an user oriented view of the dataset and to describe visualized data by means of the VRML language.A system prototype is currently being implemented. As an example, we provide a set of snapshots showing the scenes built by Virgilio to represent the result of queries defined on a database of musical CD records.
Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles as a Blood-Pool Contrast Agent for X-ray Computed Tomography in Mice (2007)

Colloidal AuNPs show potential as a blood-pool agent for x-ray CT imaging.
Experimental Respiratory Infection with Type 4 Adenovirus Vaccine in Volunteers: Clinical and Immunological Responses (1970)

Journal Article Experimental Respiratory Infection with Type 4 Adenovirus Vaccine in Volunteers: Clinical and Immunological Responses Get access Thomas J. Smith, Thomas J. Smith From the Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Buescher, Edward L. Buescher From the Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franklin H. Top, Jr., Franklin H. Top, Jr. From the Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William A. Altemeier, William A. Altemeier From the Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack M. McCown Jack M. McCown From the Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 122, Issue 4, October 1970, Pages 239–248, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/122.4.239 Published: 01 October 1970 Article history Received: 12 May 1969 Revision received: 24 June 1970 Published: 01 October 1970
The use of induction generators for small-scale hydroelectric schemes in remote areas (2005)

The potential sites for small scale, stand-alone, i.e. not connected to the grid, hydroelectric power schemes, coincide quite closely with the locality of scattered rural villages and permits power to be generated near the end users at low transmission and distribution costs. Such schemes with power output less than 100 kW are usually referred to as micro hydro schemes. The present paper introduces the use of induction motors run as generators coupled to water turbines used for power generation in remote areas. Reference is made to pilot projects where successful schemes have been set up for a number of years now.
[Relations and childbearing in 1980]. (1983)

This article deals with relations and childbearing as observed in the 1980 Survey on wellbeing of the population (WBP), a survey in which a sample of Dutch citizens ages 18 and older was interviewed. The demographic portion of the survey can be considered a continuation of the Netherlands Fertility Surveys (NFS) 1974 and 1977. Next to questions about the number of liveborn children and the expected number of additional children in 1980, questions about relations, both now and in the future, were addressed. Moreover, the 1980 Survey also included interviews with men. Most persons ages 18-49 are married. Most single persons do not yet have any kind of relationship. 10% of those who are single are cohabiting. Recently married persons may ultimately have more children than those who married in the early 1970s. This could be the result of a tendency for people to marry when they choose or expect to have a child. Many persons, especially those who are single, do not yet know the answer to the question about the future number of children. Of all persons aged 18-49, 91% are already married or expect to marry sometime. Only 2% do not expect to marry. As yet, there are no indications that there is diminished interest in getting married. More than 1/2 of those cohabiting expect to marry in the future. Those who will marry expect to have a large number of children. Doubts about marriage go hand in hand with doubts about the number of children. When comparing results about the 1980 WBP with the NSF 77, it can be seen that 1st married women ages 18-49 in 1980 have concentrated the period of childbearing more, while choosing to become mothers at a slightly older age than in 1977. Differentiated by characteristics of the municipality of residence or by socioeconomic variables, only small changes are observed. The most interesting item may be a decrease in the expected ultimate number of children with those who have received only a primary education. Those most educated desire a greater number of children. This might be connected with economic growth. (author's modified)
A serum-free clonal growth assay for limbal, peripheral, and central corneal epithelium. (1991)

The stem cells and transient amplifying cells of the corneal epithelium are thought to be localized in the limbal and corneal basal epithelium, respectively. To study the differential regulation of proliferation of these progenitor cells, a defined, serum-free, clonal growth assay was developed for central (CC) and peripheral (PC) corneal and limbal (L) epithelial cells. After incubation in Dispase II (1.2 U/ml; 1 hr for PC and CC and 3 hr for L) and subsequent brief trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid digestion, 18 or 180 single cells/cm2 were seeded in MCDB 151 medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, selenium, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor (EGF), phosphoethanolamine, ethanolamine, and calcium. During the first week of culture, the cells gradually developed an increasing number of colonies, and the mean colony-forming efficiency on day 6 for L was 4.2 +/- 2.4%, significantly lower than 11.4 +/- 5.9% for PC and 12.8 +/- 7.6% for CC (P less than 0.003). Colony morphology was identical in L, PC, and CC with small, elongated cells more cohesive in the center but more migratory in the periphery. There were no differences in immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibody AE-5, indicating the corneal derivation of all colonies. Cultures could be passaged on day 14 and grown for more than 3 weeks with increasing desquamation. Addition of a mixture of trace metals to yield MCDB 153 did not enhance growth; increased selenium concentrations were inhibitory. Elimination of EGF from the supplement abolished most of the clonal growth. The lower rate of L proliferation might be explained by the absence of serum and stromal mitogens. This culture system seems preferentially to support transient amplifying cells and allows investigation of the differentiation of isolated corneal stem cells to transient amplifying cells or the proliferation and differentiation of transient amplifying cells by various factors without the interaction of undefined serum components or paracrine influences from other cells.
Calculation of electronic coupling matrix elements for ground and excited state electron transfer reactions: Comparison of the generalized Mulliken–Hush and block diagonalization methods (1997)

Two independent methods are presented for the nonperturbative calculation of the electronic coupling matrix element (Hab) for electron transfer reactions using ab initio electronic structure theory. The first is based on the generalized Mulliken–Hush (GMH) model, a multistate generalization of the Mulliken Hush formalism for the electronic coupling. The second is based on the block diagonalization (BD) approach of Cederbaum, Domcke, and co-workers. Detailed quantitative comparisons of the two methods are carried out based on results for (a) several states of the system Zn2OH2+ and (b) the low-lying states of the benzene–Cl atom complex and its contact ion pair. Generally good agreement between the two methods is obtained over a range of geometries. Either method can be applied at an arbitrary nuclear geometry and, as a result, may be used to test the validity of the Condon approximation. Examples of nonmonotonic behavior of the electronic coupling as a function of nuclear coordinates are observed for Zn2OH2+. Both methods also yield a natural definition of the effective distance (rDA) between donor (D) and acceptor (A) sites, in contrast to earlier approaches which required independent estimates of rDA, generally based on molecular structure data.
Lithium Naphthalenide-Induced Reductive Alkylation and Addition of Aryl- and Heteroaryl- Substituted Dialkylacetonitriles (2010)

Lithium naphthalenide (LN)-induced reductive alkylation/addition reactions of aryl-, pyridyl-, and 2-thienyl-substituted dialkylacetonitriles have been investigated. Upon treatment with LN in THF at -40 ˚C, both aryl and pyridyl precursors could undergo the reductive decyanation smoothly, and the in situ generated carbanions could be readily trapped by alkyl halides, ketones, aldehydes, or even oxygen to afford a wide range of functionalized aromatic derivatives bearing a newly established quaternary carbon. To effect the desired reductive alkylation of 2-thienyldialkylacetonitriles, a much lower temperature such as -100 ˚C was required. Also with these substrates, an interesting ring-opening/S-alkylation process was observed when the reductive alkylation were performed at -78 ˚C to give 1-alkylsulfanyl-1,3,4-trienes. A mechanistic discussion is given for this observation.
On the difference between strength-based and frequency-based mirror effects in recognition memory. (1998)

A mirror effect can be produced by manipulating word class (e.g., high vs. low frequency) or by manipulating strength (e.g., short vs. long study time). The results of 5 experiments reported here suggest that a strength-based mirror effect is caused by a shift in the location of the decision criterion, whereas a frequency-based mirror effect occurs although the criterion remains fixed with respect to word frequency. Evidence supporting these claims is provided by a series of studies in which high frequency (HF) words were differentially strengthened (and sometimes differentially colored) during list presentation. That manipulation increased the HF hit rate above that for low frequency (LF) words without selectively decreasing the HF false alarm rate, just as a fixed-criterion account of the word-frequency mirror effect predicts.
Cognitive-behavioral prevention of postconcussion syndrome (1996)

The symptoms of postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are persistent, and no empirically tested treatment is available. The treatment group (n = 29) in this study received a printed manual and met with a therapist prior to hospital discharge to review the nature and incidence of expected symptoms, the cognitive-behavioral model of symptom maintenance and treatment, techniques for reducing symptoms, and instructions for gradual resumption of premorbid activities. The control group (n = 29) received routine hospital treatment and discharge instructions. Both groups had sustained mild head injuries characterized by Glascow Coma Scale scores of 13-15 on admission without any measurable period of posttraumatic amnesia. Group assignment was random. Groups did not differ significantly on age, Glascow scores, litigation status, gender, or initial number of PCS symptoms. Patients were contacted 6 months following injury by an interviewer who was unaware of group assignment to obtain outcome data. Treated patients reported significantly shorter average symptom duration (33 vs. 51 days) and significantly fewer of the 12 symptoms at followup (1.6 vs. 3.1). Subjects were also asked how often each symptom had occurred in the previous week, and how severe the symptom typically was. The treatment group experienced significantly fewer symptomatic days (.5 vs. 1.3) and lower mean severity levels. Results suggest that brief, early psychological intervention can reduce the incidence of PCS.
Confidence assessment in the teaching of basic science (1995)

Automated assessment suffers from two problems that are considered here. Firstly, it seldom makes use of information about how confident a student is in the answer given, which is part of what we take into account in assessing students person-to-person. Secondly, it often involves the construction of complex questions to ensure that students cannot get good marks by a combination of partial knowledge and guesswork. Such questions can be ambiguous and open to different levels of interpretation, so the creation of satisfactory tests is time-consuming.DOI:10.1080/0968776950030113
Developmental Pay: Forerunner to Merit Pay in the Federal Government (1981)

The author proposes a compensation system for federal government professionals that would replace promotions and within-grade step increases with annual advancement linked to a performance-based step progression matrix.
Swimming pools localization in colour high-resolution satellite images (2009)

Detecting abnd localizing objects from space, like roads, rivers, lakes, etc., is a challenging task with multiple applications in remote sensing. In this paper we address the detection of swimming pools in colour high-resolution images of urban areas acquired by the Quickbird satellite. The main motivation of this work is to survey and localize filled swimming pools during drought periods, fact that should be then punished by the local authorities. The proposed algorithm applies colour analysis for water detection and approximate segmentation, as an initial, rough localization, and active contours techniques to refine the pools' shape. We have tested our algorithm in both satellite and aerial images with satisfactory results.
The Concept of Genes is Developed (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mendel's Experimental Design
On compensation and conductivity models for molecular-beam-epitaxial GaAs grown at low temperature (1991)

Molecular-beam-epitaxial GaAs grown at 200 °C has an extremely high (≳1019 cm−3) concentration of AsGa defects and, after an anneal at 550–600 °C, a high concentration of As precipitates. The relative roles of the AsGa defects and As precipitates in compensation and conductivity is controversial. Here criteria are developed to distinguish between two existing models.
Polypropylen-Cellulose-Compounds. Hochfeste Cellulosefasern verstärken Spritzgussteile (2002)

S.35-37;95-97
The role of frequency in industrial dielectric heating (1945)

A TENDENCY has developed to look upon frequency as a variable in dielectric heating which may be increased at will in order to increase the rate of heating quite independently of other factors. No doubt this tendency has been fostered by the acceptance without knowledge of its derivation of the equation for rate of dissipation of high-frequency energy in a dielectric, wherein the frequency term appears to the first power and in the numerator. The purpose of this paper is to analyze more carefully the role of frequency in industrial dielectric heating. The expression for the rate of heating will be critically examined, particularly with reference to the direct influence of frequency and its indirect influence through certain of the other variables of the heating equation that are not independent of frequency. In the light of this and other known effects of frequency, an attempt will be made to determine the practical upper limit of frequency for large-scale industrial dielectric-heating installations. It is hoped that, as a result of this discussion, there will result in the future a more precise use of the term frequency as related to dielectric heating. It should be pointed out that, in order to express the effect of frequency quantitatively, it has been necessary either to assume the ideal condition of pure L and C or to assume reasonable values of capacitance to ground and of distributed L and C. For this reason it has been possible in certain instances only to establish limits.
Is It Time to Raise the Gas Tax? Optimal Gasoline Taxes for Ontario and Toronto (2015)

This article uses a representative agent model and Canadian data to calculate the optimal gasoline taxes for Ontario and the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area (GTHA) in a second-best setting with pre-existing distortionary income taxes. The results suggest a second-best optimal gasoline tax of 40.57 cents per litre in 2006 Canadian dollars for the GTHA that is much higher than the current tax rate of 24.7 cents per litre, and also higher than recently proposed increases. The resulting value is insensitive to whether the additional revenue is used to reduce taxes on income or to incrementally fund increased public transit infrastructure (the Big Move plan). However, in the absence of a regional tax, the second-best optimal gasoline tax for Ontario as a whole of 28.51 cents per litre in 2006 Canadian dollars is slightly higher than the current tax rate and in line with proposed increases.