gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Artifact Reduction in Cardiovascular MRI for Accurate Myocardial Scar Assessment in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (2019)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> An important application of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI is accurate assessment of myocardial scar before ablation. However, this is often limited in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) because of metal device-induced artifacts. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a modified wideband inversion recovery (IR) LGE MRI technique decreases artifact volume to allow the assessment of myocardial scar. <b>SUBJECTS AND METHODS.</b> Fifty patients (17 women and 33 men; mean age ± SD, 61 ± 12 years; mean ejection fraction ± SD, 35.9% ± 13.3%) with CIEDs underwent cardiac MRI using conventional and modified wideband IR LGE techniques before ablation. The volume of device-induced artifact was quantified and stratified by tertiles on mild, moderate, and severe. Ordinal logistic regression analysis assessed the association between artifact volume on conventional and wideband images adjusted for patients' demographics. <b>RESULTS.</b> Conventional LGE MRI resulted in device-induced hyperintense artifacts that obscured ventricular segments in 32 of 50 (64%) cases. Wideband LGE MRI significantly reduced severe artifact volume (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and completely resolved all mild and most moderate artifacts. Overall, wideband techniques resulted in a 56% reduction in total artifact volume for the cohort (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The wideband LGE MRI sequence minimized artifacts in the most commonly obscured segments on the conventional LGE MRI sequence, with persistent artifacts in seven, eight, and four of 32 cases at the basal anterior, midventricular anterior, and midventricular anteroseptal segments, respectively. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> The modified wideband IR technique completely resolves mild and moderate device-induced hyperintense artifacts and significantly reduces the volume of severe artifact to allow accurate identification of myocardial scar in patients with CIEDs before ablation.
Scent evolution in Chinese roses (2008)

The phenolic methyl ether 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT) is a major scent compound of many modern rose varieties, and its fragrance participates in the characteristic "tea scent" that gave their name to Tea and Hybrid Tea roses. Among wild roses, phenolic methyl ether (PME) biosynthesis is restricted to Chinese rose species, but the progenitors of modern roses included both European and Chinese species (e.g., Rosa chinensis cv Old Blush), so this trait was transmitted to their hybrid progeny. The last steps of the biosynthetic pathways leading to DMT involve two methylation reactions catalyzed by the highly similar orcinol O-methyltransferases (OOMT) 1 and 2. OOMT1 and OOMT2 enzymes exhibit different substrate specificities that are consistent with their operating sequentially in DMT biosynthesis. Here, we show that these different substrate specificities are mostly due to a single amino acid polymorphism in the phenolic substrate binding site of OOMTs. An analysis of the OOMT gene family in 18 species representing the diversity of the genus Rosa indicated that only Chinese roses possess both the OOMT2 and the OOMT1 genes. In addition, we provide evidence that the Chinese-rose-specific OOMT1 genes most probably evolved from an OOMT2-like gene that has homologues in the genomes of all extant roses. We propose that the emergence of the OOMT1 gene may have been a critical step in the evolution of scent production in Chinese roses.
Means to Facilitate the Overcoming of Gastric Juice Barrier by a Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophage A5/80 (2017)

In this article we compare the efficacy of different pharmacological agents (ranitidine, and omeprazole) to support phage transit from stomach to distal portions of the gastrointestinal tract in rats. We show that a temporal modification of environment in the animal stomach may protect Twort-like therapeutic antistaphylococcal phage A5/80 (from bacteriophage collection of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy PAS in Wroclaw, Poland) from the inactivation by gastric juice effectively enough to enable a significant fraction of orally administered A5/80 to pass to the intestine. Interestingly, we found that yogurt may be a relatively strong in enhancing phage transit. Given the immunomodulating activities of phages our data may suggest that phages and yogurt can act synergistically in mediating their probiotic activities and enhancing the effectiveness of oral phage therapy. We also demonstrate that orally applied phages of similar size, morphology, and sensitivity to acidic environment may differ in their translocation into the bloodstream. This was evident in mice in which a therapeutic staphylococcal phage A5/80 reached the blood upon oral administration combined with antacid agent whilst T4 phage was not detected even when applied in 10<sup>3</sup> times higher dose. Our findings also suggest that phage penetration from digestive tract to the blood may be species-specific.
Phase transition of plasma membranes of rat hepatocyte and hepatoma cells by electron diffraction. (1976)

The transition temperatures (Tc) of the plasma membranes of Reuber H-35 hepatoma and normal ACl rat hepatocytes were measured by electron diffraction under physiological conditions. Diffraction rings below Tc indicate the existence of solid lipid domains. The Tc of both membranes increase to a plateau value of 17.5 degrees during the storage period of 4 days at 4 degrees, the rate of increase being slower for normal liver membranes. The extrapolations to zero storage suggest an innate difference of Tc for these two membranes. Storage in oxygen-reduced media slows down the initial increase in Tc in normal liver membranes, while the depletion of divalent cations accelerates the increase. Differences in lipid composition are partly responsible for this behavior.
Activity of Seven Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors Against Development of Stored Product Insects1 (1979)

Seven chitin synthesis-inhibiting compounds were evaluated for activity against stored product insects in wheat. None of the compounds was acutely toxic to any species. N-[4-(4-nitrophenoxy)-3, 5-dichlorophenyl amino carbonyl]-2-chlorobenzamide with ID 95 values of 0.1, 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 0.8, 0.3, and 0.5 ppm, was most effective as a suppressor of development of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), rice weevil, S. oryzae (L.), sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), almond moth Ephestia cautella (Walker), and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), respectively. Other compounds were at least 10 times less effective.
Targeted muscle reinnervation in oncologic amputees: Early experience of a novel institutional protocol (2019)

Multidisciplinary care of amputees including concurrent amputation and TMR, multimodal postoperative pain management, amputee-centered rehabilitation, and peer support demonstrates reduced incidence and severity of neuroma and PLP.
Bistable cholesteric textures in chiral azobenzene-doped liquid crystals (2014)

Bistable cholesteric textures (i.e., planar and focal conic textures) in chiral azobenzene-doped liquid crystals (LCs) is demonstrated. Chiral azobenzene is a chiral dopant with optically tuned helical twisting power that results from the photo-isomerization between trans- and cis-isomers via exposure to UV or visible light. The pitch length of the material can be optically and repeatedly elongated and shortened. With regard to free energy, LCs tend to be stable at planar (focal conic) textures when pitch length is elongated (shortened) by exposure to UV (visible) light. Thus, direct optical switchable LC displays are investigated.
Evaluation of a solid-state gyroscope for robotics applications (1995)

The evaluation of a low-cost solid-state gyroscope for robotics applications is described. An error model for the sensor is generated and included in a Kalman filter for estimating the orientation of a moving robot vehicle. Orientation estimation with the error model is compared to the performance when the error model is excluded from the system. The results demonstrate that without error compensation, the error in idealization is between 5-15/spl deg//min but can be improved at least by a factor of 5 if an adequate error model is supplied. Like all inertial systems, the platform requires additional information from some absolute position-sensing mechanism to overcome long-term drift. However, the results show that with careful and detailed modeling of error sources, inertial sensors can provide valuable orientation information for mobile robot applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Readenylation of Polyadenylate‐Free Globin Messenger RNA Restores Its Stability <i>in vivo</i> (1975)

Using an ATP:RNA adenyltransferase from Escherichia coli, a polyadenylic sequence was resynthesized onto rabbit globin mRNA from which the poly (A) segment had been previously removed. Conditions for obtaining a homogenous reconstituted globin mRNA preparation containing 30 adenylic residues per message molecule were determined. The reconstituted globin mRNA was microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Its stability was very similar to that of native mRNA.
The authors reply (2013)

AP-HP, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Mondor Biomedical Research Center (INSERM U955), University of Paris EST, Créteil, France; and Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain AP-HP, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Albert Chenevier–Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Mondor Biomedical Research Center (INSERM U955), University of Paris EST, Créteil, France; and Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Dr. Brochard consulted for Draeger. His institution received grant support from Philips Respironics, Covidien, Vygon, Draeger, and General Electric. Dr. Roche-Campo disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Electric field stimulation through a substrate influences Schwann cell and extracellular matrix structure (2013)

These findings demonstrate EF exposure can control Schwann cell alignment and morphology, change ECM bulk/surface architecture, and align ECM structures.
Polyphosphate Ester as a Synthetic Agent. XIII. Syntheses of 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles and Benzthiazoles with PPE (1970)

Polyphosphate ester (PPE) was demonstrated to be a good agent in the benzazole synthesis. Benzoxazoles and benzthiazoles were prepared from o-substituted anilines and free carboxylic acids under mild conditions. Mechanisms for this reaction were briefly discussed.
The analysis of glutamate and glutamine frequencies in human proteins as marker of tissue oxygenation (2019)

In this study, we investigated whether the relative abundance of glutamate and glutamine in human proteins reflects the availability of these amino acids (AAs) dictated by the cellular context. In particular, because hypoxia increases the conversion of glutamate to glutamine, we hypothesized that the ratio glutamate/glutamine could be related to tissue oxygenation. By histological, biochemical and genetic evaluation, we identified proteins expressed selectively by distinct cellular populations that are exposed in the same tissue to high or low oxygenation, or proteins codified by different chromosomal loci. Our biochemical assessment was implemented by software tools that calculated the absolute and the relative frequencies of all AAs contained in the proteins. Moreover, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. In the skin model that has a strictly local metabolism, we demonstrated that the ratio glutamate/glutamine of the selected proteins was directly proportional to oxygenation. Accordingly, the proteins codified by the epidermal differentiation complex in the region 1q21.3 and by the lipase clustering region 10q23.31 showed a significantly lower ratio glutamate/glutamine compared with the nearby regions of the same chromosome. Overall, our results demonstrate that the estimation of glutamate/glutamine ratio can give information on tissue oxygenation and could be exploited as marker of hypoxia, a condition common to several pathologies.
Inslag av teknik i humanistisk universitetsutbildning : Ett försök, en utredning och ett förslag (1981)

Sedan några år ger vi en kurs i Telekommunikationsteknikens utveckling för elever vid Kulturkommunikationslinjen vid Linköpings Universitet. Syftet med denna kurs var att ge även humaniorastuderande en grundläggande kunskap i för dem relevant teknik. Erfarenheterna av den kursen ledde oss till att. diskutera hur humanister skulle bibringas kunskap om teknik i allmänhet. Dessa diskussioner vidgades till den här rapporterade utredningen, där vi dels berättar om våra erfarenheter av den nämnda kursen, redogör för resultaten av en enkätundersökning bland eleverna som genomgått kursen och diskuterar vilka inslag av teknik som bör finnas i humanistisk universitetsutbildning och hur dessa inslag bör utformas. För den senare delen har vi också diskuterat med åtskilliga företrädare för utländska universitet, främst amerikanska, om deras erfarenhet av att undervisa i tekniska ämnen för humanister.
Dairy Lecithin from Cheese Whey Fat Globule Membrane: Its Extraction, Composition, Oxidative Stability, and Emulsifying Properties (2012)

Abstract An ethanol extraction method was studied for the production of dairy lecithin from cheese whey‐derived milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). A two‐step ethanol extraction of MFGM involving first extraction at pH 6.5, followed by second extraction at pH 4.5 yielded 17.2 % lipids. The extracted material contained about 90 % lipids, 4.5 % ash, and 1.2 % moisture. The phospholipid content of the ethanol extract was 31 % and the remainder was mostly neutral lipids. The phospholipid fraction contained 34 % sphingomyelin, 31 % phosphatidylcholine, 27 % phosphatidylethanolamine, 4.6 % phosphatidylserine, and 3.1 % phosphatidylinositol. Since the ethanol extract contained 31 % phospholipids, it can be technically termed as dairy lecithin. The major fatty acid components were linoleic acid (5.1 %), myristic acid (8.3 %), palmitic acid (29 %), stearic acid (14 %), oleic acid (25 %), and the remainder was minor fatty acids with chain length ranging from C4:0 to C22:5. The dairy lecithin was semi‐solid at room temperature and exhibited a major phase transition at about 35 °C. Owing to its low polyunsaturated fatty acid content, the dairy lecithin was reasonably stable to oxidation as measured by the rate and extent of hexanal production during 35 days of storage at 45 °C. Oil‐in‐water emulsions made with less than 2 % dairy lecithin (relative to the total emulsion weight) were unstable; however, emulsions made with greater than 4 % dairy lecithin were very stable for more than 60 days at room temperature. The results of this study indicated that a highly functional dairy lecithin can be commercially produced using cheese whey‐derived MFGM as the starting material.
Repaglinide acutely amplifies pulsatile insulin secretion by augmentation of burst mass with no effect on burst frequency. (2000)

In conclusion, a single dose of repaglinide amplifies insulin secretory burst mass (and basal secretion) with no change in burst frequency. The possible importance of these mechanisms in the treatment of type 2 diabetes characterized by disrupted pulsatile insulin secretion remains to be clarified.
The site of attachment of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin. A resonance Raman study. (1982)

The retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin is attached as a Schiff's base with the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue. The site of attachment has now been investigated by the use of resonance Raman spectroscopy which has previously been shown to be sensitive to 15N isotope substitution at the Schiff's base. Bacteriorhodopsin samples obtained from bacteria grown in a medium containing either [epsilon-14N]- or [epsilon-15N]lysine were cleaved with chymotrypsin to give, in each case, the two fragments C-1 (amino acids 72-248) and C-2 (amino acids 1-71). The fragments were recombined in different combinations into lipid/detergent mixtures and retinal was added to regenerate the chromophore. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed that, in both the light-adapted (BR 570) and the M 412 intermediate forms, the chromophore is attached to the large C-1 fragment. This result eliminates Lys-41 as the attachment site in these forms of bacteriorhodopsin. Together with the accompanying report, which demonstrates that the epsilon-amino group in Lys-41 is not required for regeneration of the native chromophore or for proton translocation, these results provide strong evidence that the chromophore remains attached as a Schiff's base to Lys-216 during the entire photocycle.
Maternal cell-mediated immunity in pregnancy--lymphocyte responses of mothers and their non-pregnant HLA identical sisters to paternal HLA. (1983)

The mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) of normal pregnant women and their non-pregnant HLA identical sisters have been compared, using paternal and unrelated lymphocytes as stimulator cells. Primary and secondary responses were differentiated by studying 7 day MLR time courses. All responses were of a primary nature, with neither stimulation nor suppression of the maternal MLR. These data clearly demonstrate the absence of maternal cellular sensitization to fetal (paternal) HLA.
Electronic Structures and Absorption Spectra of Linkage Isomers of Trithiocyanato (4,4‘,4‘ ‘-Tricarboxy-2,2‘:6,2‘ ‘-terpyridine) Ruthenium(II) Complexes:  A DFT Study (2006)

Black dye (BD), isomer 1 ([Ru(II)(H3-tctpy)(NCS)3](-1), where H3-tctpy = 4,4',4' '-tricarboxy-2,2':6,2' '-terpyridine) is known to be an excellent sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells and exhibits a very good near-IR photo response, compared to other ruthenium dyes. Because isothiocyanate is a linear ambidentate ligand, BD has three other linkage isomers, [Ru(H3-tctpy)(NCS)2(SCN)](-1), isomer 2 and 2', and [Ru(H3-tctpy))(SCN)3](-1), isomer 3. In this study, we have calculated the geometry of BD and its isomers by DFT. Further, we have analyzed the bonding in these isomers using NBO methods. TDDFT calculations combined with scalar relativistic zero-order regular approximations (SR-ZORA) have been carried out to simulate the absorption spectra. Calculations have been performed for the isomers both in vacuo and in solvent (ethanol). The inclusion of the solvent is found to be important to obtain spectra in good agreement with the experiment. The first absorption bands are dominated by the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT).
Model‐Based Evaluation of Similarity in Pharmacokinetics of Two Formulations of the Blood‐Derived Plasma Product C1 Esterase Inhibitor (2011)

A novel formulation of C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate, a plasma product used in the treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE), was studied in a clinical trial for similarity in pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with the reference product. Direct trial data were limited given the availability of patients, and therefore a modeling approach was used to study similarity. Type I error of the study was evaluated using simulations based on retrospective data. A population PK modeling analysis was performed on data from the trial. Analysis of variance was carried out on results of a noncompartmental PK analysis (NCA) of the clinical data. Simulations showed that type I error was inflated to 62% (P < .05) when bioequivalence criteria (confidence intervals within 80%-125%) were adhered to strictly. In the clinical trial, 13 HAE patients were evaluable. The population PK analysis showed no significant differences in PK parameters, whereas confidence intervals for all parameters were within 80% to 125%. The relative differences in area under the curve, incremental recovery, and mean residence time estimated using NCA were all close to 1. The novel formulation showed similar PK characteristics to the original formulation. The model-based approach showed that strict criteria for PK comparison could not be applied in this analysis.
Briefs - "A Novel Synthesis of Higher Aluminum Alkyls" (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBriefs - "A Novel Synthesis of Higher Aluminum Alkyls"C. M. Starks, D. D. Krehbiel, M. T. Atwood, and G. C. FeighnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1964, 56, 3, 81Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online21 June 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50651a605RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (152 KB) Get e-Alerts
Development Potential of High Speed DI Diesel Engines (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper compares the development potential of high speed DI Diesel engines with production IDI Diesel engines. Possibilities to overcome the critical NOx emission and combustion noise problems are discussed and their effectiveness is evaluated. The fuel consumption advantages both for a European emission standards tuning and a tuning to meet todays US Federal Standards are figured out to be about 15% and 10%. The possibilities to realize a methanol high speed DI Diesel engine are also discussed.</div>
Model and control of the isolated multi-modular converter (2017)

Multi-modular converters have proven to be one of the most suitable topology to be used in high and power applications. The modularity of these configurations offer several advantages, such as: high quality voltage, redundancy and high efficiency. In these converters, the series connection of modules increase the number of voltage levels, but also the floating voltage of modules with respect the neutral point connection which may give rise to isolation issues at the DC side. Because of this, modules with two or more conversion stages are used to provide isolation and to prevent high floating voltages. However, increasing the number of conversion stages, increase also the losses and the implementation costs. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a new configuration of multi-modular converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter provides isolation with one conversion stage by means of using low frequency transformers in each module. The main principle behind this concept, the control structure and simulation results are presented to validate the proposed configuration.