gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Germ-Theory (1871)

Late Physician to the West Norfolk and Lynn Hospital. PHYSIOLOGISTs and controversialists of justly distinguished eminence, both at home and abroad, have recentlv been engaged in the most abs- truse research relative to the solution of that difficult problem, the germ-theory," and as an inevitable sequence, "spontaneous genera - tion.
Engagement, implication et consistance dans l'univers de croyances politiques (2006)

En reference aux theories de la consistance cognitive, on s’est propose de montrer que la consistance n’est une valeur que dans des univers de croyances dotes d’une pertinence minimale. Dans une premiere experimentation, la pertinence a ete inferee de comportements engageants anterieurs (appartenance ou non a un parti politique). Dans une seconde, la pertinence a ete evaluee a partir de jugements emis sur l’importance des objets de croyances dans le domaine politique et dans le domaine ecologique. Les resultats montrent que 1) les sujets les plus fortement engages (exp. 1) ou les plus fortement impliques (exp. 2) dans un domaine sont plus consistants dans ce domaine que les sujets moins engages ou moins impliques. Ils sont aussi les seuls qui evoluent vers plus de consistance ; 2) une forte implication dans un domaine (par exemple politique) n’est pas associee a plus de consistance dans un autre domaine (par exemple ecologique) si on n’y est pas implique (exp. 2) ; 3) les sujets engages dans un parti protestataire sont bien plus consistants dans le domaine politique que les sujets adherents a un parti de gouvernement (exp. 1). Les implications de ces resultats dans le cadre des travaux consacres a l’ouverture/fermeture des systemes cognitifs sont envisagees.
Herbicide Antidotes With Triallate<sup>1</sup> (1980)

Abstract Triallate [S ‐ (2, 3, 3‐trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocar‐bamate] must be applied and incorporated shallowly (2 to 3 cm) postplant to prevent wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) injury; however, deeper incorporation (6 to 10 cm) has given more consistent wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) control. Antidotes which would increase the tolerance of wheat to triallate would allow preplant applications with deep soil incorporation for more consistent wild oat control. Research was conducted in the glasshouse with greenhouse potting soil (2:1:1 v/v/v Fargo silty clay, sand, and compost) or in the field on a Fargo silty clay (fine montmorillonitic, frigid, vertic Haplaquolls) to determine the effectiveness of several antidotes for increasing wheat tolerance to triallate. Treatment of the wheat seed with N, N‐diallyl‐2, 2‐dichloroacetanilide (R25788), 1, 8, napthalic anhydride (NA) or carboxin (5, 6‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐1, 4‐oxathin‐3‐carboxanilide) increased tolerance of wheat to triallate in both the glasshouse and the field. R‐25788 and carboxin were more effective antidotes than NA with triallate. Applications of R‐25788 and 2, 2‐dimethyl 3‐dichloroacetyl‐oxazolidine (R‐28725) in combination with triallate and seed treatment with 4‐chloro‐2‐hydroxyminoacetanilide (S‐449) or R‐28725 were ineffective antidotes against triallate injury to wheat. This research indicates that R‐25788 or carboxin as seed treatments increased wheat tolerance sufficiently to allow preplant applications of 0.8 kg/ha triallate without injury.
Hypotheses relating to the function of the claustrum (2012)

This paper present a new hypothesis as to the function of the claustrum. Our basic premise is that the claustrum functions as a detector and integrator of synchrony in the axonal trains in its afferent inputs. In the first place an unexpected stimulus sets up a processed signal to the sensory cortex that initiates a focus of synchronized gamma oscillations therein. This focus may then interact with a general alerting signal conveyed from the reticular formation via cholinergic mechanisms, and with other salient activations set up by the stimulus in other sensory pathways that are relayed to the cortex. This activity is relayed from the cortex to the claustrum, which then processes these several inputs by means of multiple competitive intraclaustral synchronized oscillations at different frequencies. Finally it modulates the synchronized outputs that the claustrum distributes to most cortical and many subcortical structures, including the motor cortex. In this way, during multicenter perceptual and cognitive operations, reverberating claustro-cortical loops potentiate weak intracortical synchronizations by means of connected strong intraclaustral synchronizations. These may also occur without a salient stimulus. By this mechanism, the claustrum may play a strong role in the control of interactive processes in different parts of the brain, and in the control of voluntary behavior. These may include the neural correlates of consciousness. We also consider the role of GABAergic mechanisms and deafferentation plasticity.
Microvascular Anastomosis of Interpositional Vein Grafts with the Unilink System: A Comparative Experimental Study (1989)

Vein segments from the posterior facial vein of the rabbit were surgically isolated and re-anastomosed, either by manual suture technique or by the use of a new mechanical anastomotic device, the UNILINK apparatus. The purpose of the study was to compare anastomotic patency and time required for an orthotopic vein grafting procedure, when the two techniques were used. In the grafts anastomosed with the UNILINK technique, both clinical and histological evaluation showed 100% patency, while 20% of the sutured grafts showed impaired flow as a result of occlusive thrombosis. When the mechanical device was used, the full procedure was completed within one third of the time, as compared to suture anastomoses.
Outflows, Disks, and Stellar Content in a Region of High‐Mass Star Formation: G5.89−0.39 with Adaptive Optics (2006)

International audience
Re‐evaluation of phytohormone‐independent division of tobacco protoplast‐derived cells (1999)

Summary We have used a [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation assay and microscopic observation in order to reassess recently published data dealing with the response of tobacco protoplasts to phytohormones, lipochitooligosaccharides and peptides ( Harling et al . 1997 ; Hayashi et al . 1992 ; Miklashevichs et al . 1996 ; Miklashevichs et al . 1997 ; Röhrig et al . 1995 ; Röhrig et al . 1996 ; van de Sande et al . 1996 ; Walden et al . 1994 ). These proliferation assays reveal that, in contrast to published data, isolated cells of the investigated mutant plant lines axi159 ( Hayashi et al . 1992 ; Walden et al . 1994 ), axi4/1 ( Harling et al . 1997 ) and cyi1 ( Miklashevichs et al . 1997 ), which were generated by activation T‐DNA tagging, were unable to grow in the absence of auxin or cytokinin. Furthermore, lipochitooligosaccharides which play a key role in the induction of nodules on roots of legumes were unable to promote auxin‐ or cytokinin‐independent cell division in tobacco protoplasts as claimed by Röhrig et al . (1995 , 1996 ). The finding of van de Sande et al . (1996 ) that ENOD40 confers tolerance of high auxin concentration to wild‐type tobacco protoplasts was also reinvestigated. The results of our investigations show that we were unable to reproduce the proliferation data presented in this study, which were obtained by counting tobacco protoplast‐derived cells undergoing division. In total, none of the published data on phytohormone‐independent division of tobacco cells could be reproduced.
Real Time Digital Control of a Magnetostrictive Actuator (1996)

The use of the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D as a motion source in active vibration control (AVC) systems are being studied. Currently it is of limited use due to the nonlinear nature of the strain versus magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis in the Terfenol-D. One manifestation of these nonlinearities is waveform distortion in the output velocity of the transducer. For Terfenol-D to be used in ever greater numbers of AVC systems, these nonlinearities must be addressed. In this study the nonlinearities are treated as disturbances to a linear system. The acceleration output is used in simple analog and digital feedback control schemes to improve linearity of the transducer. In addition, the use of a Terfenol-D actuator in an AVC system is verified. Both analog and digital controllers are implemented and results compared. A cantilever beam system is considered for AVC applications. The second thrust of this presentation is the reduction of harmonic distortions. Two conclusions can be reached from this work. One, the linearization of Terfenol-D transducers is possible with the use of feedback controllers, both digital and analog. Second, Terfenol-D is a viable motion source in active vibration control systems utilizing either analog or digital controllers.
The impact of devolution (2010)

This study provides a personal assessment of the impact of area-based regeneration policies on the experience of poverty in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales following devolution in 1997. There is a common delivery of area-based regeneration policies in the four devolved administrations, but with considerable divergence in the detail of policy and the structure of delivery mechanisms. This study provides a personal assessment of the impact of policies based on a series of visits to regeneration projects throughout the UK.
Corrosion Inhibition of Cobalt in Some Acid Solutions by Bismuth(III) Chloride (1994)

Inhibition effects of bismuth(III) chloride on cobalt corrosion in 1N , 1N , and 1N were investigated by polarization measurements and colorimetry of dissolved cobalt ion. More than 85% of the inhibition efficiency was obtained for cobalt in these acid solutions. X‐ray photoelectron spectra showed the formation of a protective film which comprises an inner layer composed of metallic bismuth and an outer layer of cobalt(II), bismuth(III), chloride, oxide, and hydroxide ions. Because the cathodic bismuth deposition was stimulated and a uniform layer of bismuth was not formed on the surface, the corrosion reaction was accelerated in 1N at a high concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency of the compound for various metals in 1N was confirmed as being associated with a difference in the standard electrode potential between bismuth and a metal.
Producing a high hit ratio and low search time in forwarding routing tables by predicting IP addresses (2003)

In computer networks, fast routing is one of the main factors to speed up the transmission of the IP packets from the source to the destination computers. A router has a forwarding table (cache table) and a routing table. The forwarding table is derived from the routing table, which is maintained constantly by the router using one of the common routing protocols. There are two factors that affect the speed of the forwarding decisions. First, when a forwarding table holds a huge number of IP addresses, a complicated search algorithm is needed, which implies a high search time. If a complicated search algorithm is not used, then the forwarding table has to be set up in a manner to reduce search time; this implies that the table must be set up by a processor that has a substantial computing power. Second, the availability of the incoming IP address in the forwarding table (hit rate) reduces the extended search in the routing table. Our study examines the IP address streams. Two models were built to predict IP addresses. These models are plugged into the cache system simulation to prefetch the IP addresses prior to the router requests. The prediction scheme produces a higher hit ratio in comparison with the current cache schemes. Also, it reduces the cache table size, which implies low search time.
<title>Applications Of The Integrated Optical Light Modulator</title> (1982)

The electrooptic Grating is an easily-fabricated component for integrated-optical applications that allows high-speed, efficient interaction with a guided optical wave in a planar waveguide. The use of these components in arrays allows implementation of several interesting and useful functions like spatial light modulation, correlation, parallel-to-serial conversion, and vector subtraction. We describe research on such devices; some potential applications in computation are also described.*
Specific heat and entropy (2004)

Before beginning the discussion of directional properties, we pause to consider specific heat, an important scalar property of solids which helps illustrate the important thermodynamic relationships between measured properties. Heat capacity, compressibility, and volume expansivity are interrelated through the laws of thermodynamics. Based on these ideas, similar relationships are established for other electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Several atomistic concepts are introduced to help understand the structure–property relationships involved in specific heat measurements. The heat capacity or specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a solid by 1K. It is usually measured in units of J/kg K. Theorists prefer to work in J/mole K, and older scientists sometimes use calories rather than joules. One calorie is 4.186 J. For solids and liquids, the specific heat is normally measured at a constant pressure: where ΔQ is the heat added to increase the temperature by ΔT. Measurements on gases are usually carried out at constant volume: Electrical methods are generally employed in measuring specific heat. A heating coil is wrapped around the sample and the resulting change in temperature is measured with a thermocouple. If a current I flows through a wire of resistance R, the heat generated by the wire in a time Δt is given by . . . ΔQ = I2R
Effects of Ca<sub>v</sub>3.2 channel mutations linked to idiopathic generalized epilepsy (2005)

Heron and colleagues (Ann Neurol 2004;55:595-596) identified three missense mutations in the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel gene (CACNA1H) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. None of the variants were associated with a specific epilepsy phenotype and were not found in patients with juvenile absence epilepsy or childhood absence epilepsy. Here, we introduced and functionally characterized these three mutations using transiently expressed human Cav3.2 channels. Two of the mutations exhibited functional changes that are consistent with increased channel function. Taken together, these findings along with previous reports, strongly implicate CACNA1H as a susceptibility gene in complex idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Field-induced transition between magnetically disordered and ordered phases in underdoped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2005)

We report the observation of a magnetic-field-induced transition between magnetically disordered and ordered phases in slightly underdoped ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ with $x=0.144$. Static incommensurate spin-density-wave order is induced above a critical field of about $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$, as measured by elastic neutron scattering. Our results allow us to constrain the location of a quantum critical point on the phase diagram.
Enhancing crop yield with the use of N‐based fertilizers co‐applied with plant hormones or growth regulators (2014)

Crop yield, vegetative or reproductive, depends on access to an adequate supply of essential mineral nutrients. At the same time, a crop plant's growth and development, and thus yield, also depend on in situ production of plant hormones. Thus optimizing mineral nutrition and providing supplemental hormones are two mechanisms for gaining appreciable yield increases. Optimizing the mineral nutrient supply is a common and accepted agricultural practice, but the co-application of nitrogen-based fertilizers with plant hormones or plant growth regulators is relatively uncommon. Our review discusses possible uses of plant hormones (gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene) and specific growth regulators (glycine betaine and polyamines) to enhance and optimize crop yield when co-applied with nitrogen-based fertilizers. We conclude that use of growth-active gibberellins, together with a nitrogen-based fertilizer, can result in appreciable and significant additive increases in shoot dry biomass of crops, including forage crops growing under low-temperature conditions. There may also be a potential for use of an auxin or cytokinin, together with a nitrogen-based fertilizer, for obtaining additive increases in dry shoot biomass and/or reproductive yield. Further research, though, is needed to determine the potential of co-application of nitrogen-based fertilizers with abscisic acid, ethylene and other growth regulators.
Improving the performance of model-order selection criteria by partial-model selection search (2010)

The traditional searching method for model-order selection in linear regression is a nested full-parameters-set searching procedure over the desired orders, which we call full-model order selection. On the other hand, a method for model-selection searches for the best sub-model within each order. In this paper, we propose using the model-selection searching method for model-order selection, which we call partial-model order selection. We show by simulations that the proposed searching method gives better accuracies than the traditional one, especially for low signal-to-noise ratios over a wide range of model-order selection criteria (both information theoretic-based and bootstrap-based). Also, we show that for some models the performance of the bootstrap-based criterion improves significantly by using the proposed partial-model selection searching method.
Diffusion kinetics of formation of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display materials (2000)

The underlying physical phenomena behind the increased reflection/diffraction efficiency of holographically formed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal gratings formed from blended oligomers are investigated. Using parameters determined by in situ diffraction measurements during grating formation, a phenomenological diffusion model shows that a composition modulation in the polymer network results in blended oligomer systems. Scanning electron microscope studies reveal polymer morphologies consistent with this hypothesis.
Buffeting Forces on Two-dimensional Airfoils as Affected by Thickness and Thickness Distribution (1954)

Report presenting an experimental investigation to determine the effect of thickness and of thickness distribution on the fluctuations of normal-force and pitching-moment coefficients of airfoils. Seven symmetrical airfoils were tested. Two types of pressure pulsations were noted in the study: pulsations from an intermittent build-up and dropping of the pressure peak near the leading edge and pulsations attributable to shock-wave motion and unsteady air flow following the shock wave.
Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) to Larval and Adult Chalcodermus bimaculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1990)

Five strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (four from Brazil and one from the USSR) were tested for virulence against final instars and adults of Chalcodermus bimaculatus Fiedler. The Brazilian isolates CP 7 and CP 1 were the most virulent to larval and adult weevils. Three of the five isolates caused 90% or greater mortality of larvae at a dose of 5.5 × 102 conidia per mm2, whereas none of the isolates caused high mortality of adults, even at a 100-fold higher dose. Results suggest that applications of B. bassiana targeting the larval stage would be more effective than applications against adult weevils.
Single Particle Characterization of Automobile and Diesel Truck Emissions in the Caldecott Tunnel (2000)

Individual aerosol particles emitted from light-duty vehicles (LDV) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) were sampled in the Caldecott Tunnel (Berkeley, CA) using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS). This instru ment determines both size and composition information of individual particles in real time. From the composition of individual particles, in conjunction with knowledge of the traffic patterns in the Caldecott Tunnel, information about the source of the particles can be determined. Based upon chemical composition, three main types of particles were detected: particles with significant mass spectral signal due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), elemental carbon (soot) particles, and inorganic particles containing substantial signal due to ions includ ing Al+, Ca+, Fe+, Ba+ and BaO+. Preliminary analysis of these classes shows that they encompass 61.4%, 10.3%, and 11.0%, respectively, of the total number of particles sampled with the ATOFMS instrument in 3 h, heavy traffic sampling periods, in an LDV-only bore of the tunnel. They represent 57.4%, 11.8%, and 18.0%, respectively, of the total number of particles sampled with the ATOFMS instrument in a 3 h sampling period in a mixed traffic (HDV and LDV) bore of the tunnel.
Slip Casting of ZrB<sub>2</sub>–SiC Composite Aqueous Suspensions (2010)

Abstract Slip casting of concentrated aqueous suspensions was set up as forming technique for the production of crucibles from ZrB 2 –SiC composite powder. The dispersion effectiveness and the effect on the final microstructures of two commercial ammonium polyacrylates (Duramax D3005 and Dolapix PC33) used as dispersants were investigated. The first goal was pursued by evaluating the zeta potential of the powders in water at different concentrations of additives, while the second one was assessed by analyzing the microstructure. Duramax D3005 resulted more effective than Dolapix PC33 in electrostatically stabilize the suspensions. Correspondently, almost homogeneous microstructures and lower final porosity of the sintered crucibles were obtained with Duramax D3005, while ZrB 2 layers on the vertical surfaces initially in contact with the plaster molds were observed using Dolapix PC33. Moreover, the use of this latter dispersant did not allow the preparation of thick crucible walls due to the sample rupture during the binders pyrolysis stage.