gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Octave-Bandwidth Double-Balanced Millimeter-Wave Mixer (2006)

The paper reports on an octave-bandwidth double-balanced mixer which operates in the millimeter-wave range from 35 to 70 GHz. The design uses a low cost hybrid technology: A thin-film circuit is fabricated on an alumina substrate, and the diodes are flip-chip mounted. Balanced signals are provided by side coupled Marchand baluns. As a result the conversion loss averages out at 13 dB
Densification of Coarse Ni-20Cr Alloy Powder with a Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> Scale by Pulse Current Pressure Sintering (2002)

Ni-20Cr alloy powder, 70 μm average particle diameter, was oxidized to have a Cr2O3 scale, which was 1 μm in thickness. The oxidized powder sintered by a pulse current pressure sintering technique at sample temperatures from 1205 to 1377 K under 13 MPa of applied pressure. The densification was compared with the as-received powder. Observations of the microstructure revealed that the neck radii were very small. Recrystallization and melting at the grain interface did not occur, even though an oxide scale existed. The oxide scale decreased the sample temperatures at the same die temperatures. At the same sample temperatures, densities of the sintered bodies with oxide scales were similar to those without oxide scales.
0.13/spl mu/m CMOS SOI SP6T antenna switch for multi-standard handsets (2006)

This paper presents the design of a single pole 6 throw antenna switch able to manage all the four GSM standards, i.e. 850-900-1800-1900 MHz. The switch has been integrated in a 0.13mum CMOS SOI process with high resistivity substrate and a thick oxide (50Aring) option. The use of high resistivity substrate allows a good loss (IL)-isolation trade-off: IL is kept in the range of 0.55-0.8 dB for the RXs and at 0.7 dB for the TXs, while isolation varies from 40 dB at 900 MHz to 30 dB at 1900 MHz. Power handling capability is well compatible with GSM standards since an ICP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1dB</sub> of 36 dBm has been measured and harmonics distortion is below -39 dBm for an input power of 34 dBm. Robustness to antenna mismatching condition has been successfully demonstrated up to a VSWR of 10:1. The chip size is of 1.23 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> and the power consumption is below 10muA and 0.5 mA respectively in stand by mode and during switching, under 2.5 voltage supply
Temperature-induced reversible changes in fiber Bragg grating reflectivity (2001)

Reversible changes in Bragg grating reflectivity could be induced by a change in the fiber temperature. The changes could not be detected for gratings written in hydrogenated fibers. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Emergent decision-making in biological signal transduction networks (2008)

The complexity of biochemical intracellular signal transduction networks has led to speculation that the high degree of interconnectivity that exists in these networks transforms them into an information processing network. To test this hypothesis directly, a large scale model was created with the logical mechanism of each node described completely to allow simulation and dynamical analysis. Exposing the network to tens of thousands of random combinations of inputs and analyzing the combined dynamics of multiple outputs revealed a robust system capable of clustering widely varying input combinations into equivalence classes of biologically relevant cellular responses. This capability was nontrivial in that the network performed sharp, nonfuzzy classifications even in the face of added noise, a hallmark of real-world decision-making.
‘A Failed Paradigm: Carcinogenesis is More Than Mutagenesis’ (1988)

Journal Article 'A Failed Paradigm: Carcinogenesis is More Than Mutagenesis' Get access J.E. Trosko J.E. Trosko Michigan State University College of Human MedicineEast Lansing, MI, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mutagenesis, Volume 3, Issue 4, July 1988, Pages 363–364, https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/3.4.363 Published: 01 July 1988
Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Problems with CD HORIZON BalanC Spinal System (2015)

Introduction Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) is a common (34%) problem following posterior spinal fusions which may deteriorate functional outcomes in long-term follow-up. CD HORIZON BalanC rod has a dynamic portion made of silicone and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) aiming motion preservation, and fusion portion is entirely made of PEEK. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CD HORIZON BalanC Spinal System in the treatment of multilevel lumbar degenerative disease and to identify fusion and ASD rates with MRI and 3D CT scan for both adjacent (AL) and dynamic (DL) levels with clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods A total of 30 patients (18 F and 12 M) mean age 47.3 years (range, 26–65 years) with 50 levels of TLIF with more than 2-year follow-up were reviewed. TLIF were single level in 12 patients, 2 levels in 16 patients and 3 levels in 2 patients. Pre-op, post-op AP/L X-rays were measured for pelvic and sagittal parameters. Disc angles, ROM, anterior disc height (ADH), and posterior disc height (PDH) were measured for AL and DL. Disc and facet degenerations for AL and DL were evaluated with MRI and 3D CT scan at the end of 2-year follow-up. Clinical evaluation was done with ODI and VAS. Results Mean follow-up was 26.3 months (range, 24–38 months). Av instrumented levels was 3.33 (range, 2–5) and av. fused levels was 1.66 (range, 1–3). TLIF were at L5–S1 in 23 patients, L4–L5 in 20 patients, L3–L4 in 6 patients, and L2–L3 in 1 patient. Pre-op LL was restored to 42.7 and 49.3 degrees. There were no significant differences in ADH, PDH, and disc angles between pre-op and follow-up for AL and DL ( p > 0.05). Pre-op AL av. ROM of 5.85 degrees changed to 6.57 degrees. Pre-op DL av. ROM of 6.72 degrees was decreased to 5.07 degrees with a limitation of 24.6% post-op. There were no significant changes in terms of disc and facet degeneration grades for both AL and DL at final follow-up ( p > 0.05). 3D CT evaluation revealed solid fusions for all TLIF levels. Mean of 43.51% ODI was improved to 18.93 and pre-op VAS score 7.2 was improved to 2.2. Conclusion In lumbar spinal fusion surgeries performed with CD HORIZON BalanC Spinal system, MRI and 3D CT scan studies at the end of 2-year follow-up did not show any significant deterioration in terms of disc and facet degeneration for AL and DL. Dynamic portion of the rod limits ROM by 24.6% at dynamic level. Dynamic portion seems to be effective in preventing ASD at the end of 2-year follow-up.
Vision-based, real-time retinal image quality assessment (2009)

Real-time medical image quality is a critical requirement in a number of healthcare environments, including ophthalmology where studies suffer loss of data due to unusable (ungradeable) retinal images. Several published reports indicate that from 10% to 15% of images are rejected from studies due to image quality. With the transition of retinal photography to lesser trained individuals in clinics, image quality will suffer unless there is a means to assess the quality of an image in real-time and give the photographer recommendations for correcting technical errors in the acquisition of the photograph. The purpose of this research was to develop and test a methodology for evaluating a digital image from a fundus camera in real-time and giving the operator feedback as to the quality of the image. By providing real-time feedback to the photographer, corrective actions can be taken and loss of data or inconvenience to the patient eliminated. The methodology was tested against image quality as perceived by the ophthalmologist. We successfully applied our methodology on over 2,000 images from four different cameras acquired through dilated and undilated imaging conditions. We showed that the technique was equally effective on uncompressed and compressed (JPEG) images. We achieved a 100 percent sensitivity and 96 percent specificity in identifying ldquorejectedrdquo images.
Determinants for thermoinducible cell binding and plasmid-encoded cellular penetration detected in the absence of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein (1989)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv mutants were analyzed for their ability to bind and penetrate mammalian cell lines. Strains defective for the production of invasin and cured of the Yersinia virulence plasmid pIB1 were extremely defective for entry into the HEp-2 cell line. inv strains harboring the virulence plasmid partially overcame this defect, indicating that the virulence plasmid mediates an invasin-independent pathway for low-level entry into cultured cells. Plasmid-cured inv mutants were able to attach efficiently to mammalian cells after bacterial culture at 37 degrees C but not after culture at a lower temperature. The enhanced cellular binding of inv mutants grown at 37 degrees C did not result in efficient cellular penetration, indicating that invasin-mediated entry is the primary chromosomally encoded pathway responsible for Y. pseudotuberculosis penetration into both HEp-2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells under the assay conditions described here.
Gas-phase conformation-specific photofragmentation of proline-containing peptide ions (2010)

Singly-protonated proline-containing peptides with N-terminal arginine are photodissociated with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in an ESI linear ion trap/orthogonal-TOF (LIT/o-TOF). When proline is the nth residue from the N-terminus, unusual b(n) + 2 and a(n) + 2 ions are observed. Their formation is explained by homolytic cleavage of the C(alpha)-C bond in conjunction with a rearrangement of electrons and an amide hydrogen. The latter is facilitated by a proline-stabilized gas-phase peptide conformation.
[Long-term survival after neck lymph node metastases from sigmoid colon cancer--a case report]. (2003)

We report a 73-year-old female who had been operated on for sigmoid colon cancer and neck lymph node metastases. Tumor size was controlled by systemic chemotherapy for about 3 years. During the chemotherapy, toxicity over grade 2 was not observed and good QOL was maintained on an outpatient basis. It is suggested that low-dose systemic chemotherapy may be useful for patients with poor general status.
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase couples neurotensin receptor stimulation to induction of the primary response gene <i>Krox</i>-24 (1996)

Neurotensin (NT) is a neuropeptide that is important in a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction and cell growth. NT effects are mediated by a single class of cell-surface receptors, known as neurotensin receptors (NTRs), which exhibit structural features of the G-protein-coupled receptors superfamily. We investigated NTR signalling properties with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transformed with human NTR (hNTR). First, we showed that NTR stimulation by NT induced the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in time- and dose-dependent manners. Both p42 and p44 MAPK isoforms were retarded in gel-shift assays, which was consistent with their activation by phosphorylation. In addition we showed that NT caused a prolonged activation of MAPK as measured by in-gel kinase assay. Secondly, we demonstrated that NT induced the expression of the growth-related gene Krox-24 at the protein level, as assessed by Western-blot analysis, and at the transcriptional level, as demonstrated in CHO cells transfected with hNTR and a reporter gene for Krox-24. Activation of MAPK and induction of Krox-24 were both prevented by the NTR antagonist SR 48692, confirming the specific action on NTR. Furthermore we observed coupling of NTR to a mitogenic pathway and Krox-24 induction in the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT29, which naturally expresses NTRs. Considering coupling pathways between NTR stimulation and MAPK activation, we observed a partial inhibition by pertussis toxin (PTX) and a complete blockade by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF 109203X. Taken together, these results suggest that (1) stimulation of NTR activates the MAPK pathway by mechanisms involving dual coupling to both PTX-sensitive and PTX-insensitive G-proteins as well as PKC activation, and (2) these effects are associated with the induction of Krox-24, which might be a target of MAPK effector.
On the mechanism of work hardening in face-centred cubic metals with special reference to polycrystalline copper: II (1957)

Abstract Rods of annealed polycrystalline copper (99.991%) were deformed in tension at 77, 195 and 293°k. The initial mode of hardening was linear up to a temperature-depended tensile stress [sgrave]c; the mechanism was the same as the one leading to linear hardening (stage II) in single crystals. The assumption that at stresses above [sgrave]c ‘yielding’ took place by the spread of slip from some of the small slip zones characteristic of the linear stage, and that this resulted in interaction hardening, is shown to account satisfactorily for the parabolic shape of the stress-strain curves above [sgrave]c.
<title>Hierarchical Approach To Distributed Picture Information Systems</title> (1982)

A hierarchical systems architecture is being described, which introduces separated levels for picture data processing, control, and management, respectively. The system is distributed with respect to the picture signal level and the control level: Workstations for picture generation, evaluation, or processing contain control functions (conventional mini/micro-computers) and picture processing functions (e.g. specialized hardware modules). They communicate with the central optical disc picture base via standard channels on the control level, and via high-speed channels on the picture data level. The management level is, in contrast, centralized. Any existing data base system may be used to manage, by means of minor extensions, the physically separated picture base, and thus to link pictures to non-pictorial information.
Fluid shear stress activation of egr-1 transcription in cultured human endothelial and epithelial cells is mediated via the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. (1998)

The primary response transcription factor, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), is rapidly activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli. Egr-1 binds to a sequence found in the promoters of genes involved in vascular injury, such as PDGF-A and tissue factor, and trans-activates their expression in endothelial cells in response to fluid shear stress. Here we show that egr-1 mRNA is increased after 30 min of flow in human aortic endothelial cell and HeLa cell cultures. Transient transfection of HeLa cells with reporter gene constructs driven by the murine or human egr-1 5' flanking sequence revealed a five- and ninefold induction, respectively, in transcriptional activity after exposure to a shear stress of 5 dynes/cm2 for 3 h. Deletion of sequences in the murine promoter containing two AP1 sites and an inhibitory Egr-1 binding sequence, did not reduce shear stress inducibility. However, progressive deletion of five serum response elements, reduced both the basal promoter activity and its capacity to be activated by shear stress. Further examination indicated that the three upstream serum response elements are predominantly responsible for shear stress activation of the egr-1 promoter. Treatment of cells with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 inhibited shear stress activation of egr-1. We suggest that egr-1 activation by shear stress involves activation of Elk-1 but not c-jun activity. These data, which are consistent with previous findings for shear mediated signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, now implicate shear modulation of the Egr-1 transcription factor in this pathway.
Pipelining Computational Stages of the Tomographic Reconstructor for Multi-Object Adaptive Optics on a Multi-GPU System (2014)

The European Extremely Large Telescope project (E-ELT) is one of Europe's highest priorities in ground-based astronomy. ELTs are built on top of a variety of highly sensitive and critical astronomical instruments. In particular, a new instrument called MOSAIC has been proposed to perform multi-object spectroscopy using the Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) technique. The core implementation of the simulation lies in the intensive computation of a tomographic reconstruct or (TR), which is used to drive the deformable mirror in real time from the measurements. A new numerical algorithm is proposed (1) to capture the actual experimental noise and (2) to substantially speed up previous implementations by exposing more concurrency, while reducing the number of floating-point operations. Based on the Matrices Over Runtime System at Exascale numerical library (MORSE), a dynamic scheduler drives all computational stages of the tomographic reconstruct or simulation and allows to pipeline and to run tasks out-of order across different stages on heterogeneous systems, while ensuring data coherency and dependencies. The proposed TR simulation outperforms asymptotically previous state-of-the-art implementations up to 13-fold speedup. At more than 50000 unknowns, this appears to be the largest-scale AO problem submitted to computation, to date, and opens new research directions for extreme scale AO simulations.
Limited involvement of interleukin‐6 in the pathogenesis of lethal septic shock as revealed by the effect of monoclonal antibodies against interleukin‐6 or its receptor in various murine models (1992)

Several studies in human patients and in laboratory animals have revealed a correlation between serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels and outcome in clinical sepsis and in related animal models, respectively. In the present study, two monoclonal antibodies were used to investigate the contribution of IL-6 in the lethal action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. We studied the potential protective properties of an anti-murine (m) IL-6 antibody and of an anti-mIL-6 receptor antibody. In controlled experiments, we observed that both monoclonal antibodies conferred a dose-dependent protection to a lethal dose of mTNF. Detailed studies with the monoclonal antibodies indicate, however, that protection was no longer observed when the mTNF dose was slightly higher than the lethal dose. Likewise, the anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody protected against injections of LPS at a lethal-dose concentration, but here too failed to protect against higher doses of LPS. The anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody was unable to protect against mTNF in mice sensitized by galactosamine, the corticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 or human (h) IL-1 beta. Protection did not correlate with the serum concentrations of IL-6. Finally, we demonstrate that hIL-6 injection did not change the sensitivity of mice towards mTNF. We conclude that, although IL-6 levels may be of value as a marker for the outcome in septic shock, this cytokine contributes only marginally in the pathogenesis leading to death. The small, but real, contribution of IL-6 in some situations might be due to its ability to up-regulate the level of TNF receptors.
Anomalous Behavior in Electrical Resistivity and Specific Heat of Superconducting TiNb Alloys (1987)

The electrical resistivity and specific heat of TiNb alloys have been measured in high magnetic fields up to 20.6 T and 15.1 T, respectively. Anomalous behavior is observed in both electrical resistivity and specific heat. A slight but definite enhancement of the resistivity with logarithmic temperature dependence is observed for samples with Nb concentration lower than 63 at%, where ω-precipitation in β matrix is clear in electron diffraction pattern. An abrupt change in the slope of the normal state specific heat C n /T plotted as a function of T 2 is found in samples over a wide range of concentration.
Development of an efficient screening system to identify novel bone metabolism-related genes using the exchangeable gene trap mutagenesis mouse models (2017)

Despite numerous genetic studies on bone metabolism, understanding of the specific mechanisms is lacking. We developed an efficient screening system to identify novel genes involved in bone metabolism using mutant mouse strains registered with the Exchangeable Gene Trap Clones (EGTC) database. From 1278 trap clones in the EGTC database, 52 candidate lines were selected in the first screening, determined based on "EST profile", "X-gal", "Related article", and "Novel gene". For the second screening, bone morphometric analysis, biomechanical strength analysis, bone X-gal staining, etc. were performed on candidate lines. Forty-two male trap lines (80.8%) showed abnormalities with either bone morphometric analysis or biomechanical strength analysis. In the screening process, X-gal staining was significantly efficient (P = 0.0057). As examples, Lbr and Nedd4 trap lines selected using the screening system showed significant bone decrease and fragility, suggesting a relationship with osteoblast differentiation. This screening system using EGTC mouse lines is extremely efficient for identifying novel genes involved in bone metabolism. The gene trap lines identified as abnormal using this screening approach are highly likely to trap important genes for bone metabolism. These selected trap mice will be valuable for use as novel bio-resources in bone research.
A normal form for precisely characterizing redundancy in nested relations (1996)

We give a straightforward definition for redundancy in individual nested relations and define a new normal form that precisely characterizes redundancy for nested relations. We base our definition of redundancy on an arbitrary set of functional and multivalued dependencies, and show that our definition of nested normal form generalizes standard relational normalization theory. In addition, we give a condition that can prevent an unwanted structural anomaly in nested relations, namely, embedded nested relations with at most one tuple. Like other normal forms, our nested normal form can serve as a guide for database design.
Improvements in knock control (2007)

The aim of this work is to develop an improved method for knock control in gasoline engines. This should enable higher power output compared to existing methods of knock control without raising the level of knock probability. An analysis of a known knock controller shows, that information about distance to knock limit is not used in knock control. Based on this analysis a design of a new knock controller is developed. This controller uses cylinder-pressure signals to estimate the distance to knock limit and to control ignition angle. An improvement in power output is proven using engine tests.