gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of liquid crystal devices (2005)

Mathematical modeling of liquid crystal (LC) devices is demonstrated through LC directors' reorientation and electro-optical modeling. For director distribution simulation, 3-D finite difference and finite element methods have been developed. In optical simulation, a new derivation of extended Jones matrix is given. Besides, research has demonstrated that the evolutionary algorithms (EA) can yield robust globally optimized solutions. Application examples using the modeling and optimization methods to design LCDs will also be presented.
Different sulphation degree and biological performance of hyaluronic acid as heparin‐like molecule (1996)

Abstract Hyaluronic acid was sulphated and seven derivatives, containing a different number of sulphated groups per disaccharide unit, were prepared (HyalS x , where x can be I, 2,2.5,3,3.5,3.8,4). The behaviour of the sulphated hyaluronic acids was studied at different pH's by using several thermodynamic and spectroscopic techniques. The ability of these macromolecules to form Cu 2+ complexes in aqueous solution was also investigated. The sulphated hyaluronic acids were studied as heparin‐like molecules, thus coagulation and angiogenesis in‐vitro tests were performed. The influence of the degree of sulphation on the biological activity is well documented.
Danish Experiences with Deposit Probe Measurements in Grate and Pulverized Fuel Biomass Power Boilers (2012)

Several measuring campaigns with focus on deposition behavior have been conducted at full¬scale power plants firing biomass in Denmark. These campaigns have been reviewed in this work. The focus is the obtained experiences on deposit formation, shedding and chemistry. When comparing results from grate¬and suspension¬firing, it is found that the rates of deposit formation are comparable, while the chemical composition of the fly ashes are quite different, even for the same type of fuel. The flue gas temperature is considered to be an important parameter in the deposit behavior. Increasing the flue gas temperature leads to increased deposition rates and deposits with higher contents of Si and Ca and lower contents of K and Cl. The shedding behavior is influenced by both probe surface temperature, flue gas temperature and deposits chemistry. The influence of temperature on the degree of sintering varies with the fuel type. Possibly, increased contents of Si and Ca leads to increases in the sintering temperature and thus altered shedding behavior.
Optical guiding in gas-filled capillary discharge plasmas waveguide for electron acceleration application (2007)

Summary form only given. Optical guiding of intense, 130-fs laser pulse by gas-filled capillary slow-discharged plasma waveguide was demonstrated. Electron emission of 1.6 MeV was observed from the 1-cm plasma waveguide.
Temporal Pattern as a Cue for Species-Specific Calling Song Recognition in Crickets (1979)

Female crickets can recognize conspecific calling song from its temporal pattern alone. In Teleogryllus oceanicus, the song pattern consists of three classes of interpulse intervals arranged in a stereotyped sequence. Females recognize a model song in which the sequential order of intervals is random. This argues against the hypothesis that recognition results from matching auditory input to an internal template of the song.
Longitudinal Tibial Stress Fractures: A Report of Eight Cases and Review of the Literature (1998)

Longitudinal stress fractures have characteristic imaging features, and familiarity with these features is necessary for timely and efficient diagnosis, avoiding morbidity due to delay or use of unnecessary tests.
Dielectric transparency induced by hetero-phase oscillations near the phase transition of relaxor ferroelectrics (2012)

We report the observation of a "transparency window" in the dielectric resonant absorption spectrum of the relaxor ferroelectric K1-xLixTaO3 (KLT) in the vicinity of its weakly first order transition. This phenomenon is shown to be conceptually similar to the electro-magnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon observed in atomic vapors, which can be modeled classically by a driven master -slave oscillator system. In KLT, it reveals the presence of macroscopic hetero-phase fluctuations and provides unique information on the nature and mechanism of the phase transition in relaxors.
A comparison of coccidioidin and spherulin skin testing in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. (1981)

Spherulin is a reagent prepared from the spherule phase of Coccidioides immitis. It has been demonstrated to detect more reactions than coccidioidin in epidemiologic studies. In this study, the rea...
THERMOREGULATION IN THREE RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES (1986)

Abstract A study was conducted to quantify the relationship between ambient air temperatures and adult internal body temperatures of three rangeland grasshoppers near Three Forks, MT. Results show a strong non-linear relationship between air and body temperatures over the range of temperatures normally encountered during the adult stage (approximately 2–42°C). Observations and historical data indicate the considerable influence of behavioral modification that results in grasshoppers attempting to maintain an optimal temperature range that minimizes development time. Results should be of interest to insect ecologists and those studying grasshopper biology and population dynamics.
Neutron Beam Therapy (2006)

Abstract The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932; by 1938 Robert Stone, in collaboration with Ernest Lawrence, was using a cyclotron produced fast neutron beam to treat human tumors. These original clinical trials were unsuccessful because of the poor understanding of the radiobiology of neutrons. Later, radiobiological studies established tumor hypoxia and radiosensitivity variations at different phases of the cell cycle as rationales for fast neutron therapy. Clinical studies during the early 1970s demonstrated that neutron therapy was a potentially beneficial modality in the treatment of malignant disease and definitive controlled clinical trials followed. Increased interest in neutron therapy lead to the definition of minimum specifications for therapeutic fast neutron beam treatment facilities. These specifications included beam dose rate, penetration, collimation, and reliability. The parameters used to characterize fast neutron beams for therapeutic use include neutron yield (dose rate), the neutron energy spectrum, beam intensity profiles, and microdosimetric data. The most prolific neutron producing nuclear reactions occur when high‐energy proton or deuteron beams are incident on a solid beryllium target, or when the deuterium–deuterium or deuterium–tritium fusion reactions are employed. The relative merits of these different methods of neutron production are discussed in detail. There have been a total of 34 centers that have treated patients with fast neutron therapy of which 6 are currently operational. The state‐of‐the‐art facilities all use cyclotrons to accelerate protons or deuterons to energies >48 MeV; they use multileaf or multirod collimators to shape the beams to the tumor contour. The latest facility uses a compact deuteron superconducting cyclotron, which offers several advantages over conventional room temperature devices.
Propulsion System Design for a Martian Atmosphere-Breathing Supersonic Retropropulsion Engine (2015)

Design and analysis of an atmospheric-breathing propulsion system to land large-scale spacecraft on Mars was performed. propulsion feasibility was analytically investigated by employing equilibrium combustion simulations, finite-rate kinetics simulations, and first-order propellant mass and inlet sizing. values (based on total propellant usage) were determined to be on the order of 120–160 s for onboard subsystems having a 10-to-1 oxidizer compression ratio. This corresponds to an of 600–800 s based on onboard fuel consumption. Although mixtures have significant ignition constraints, favorable conditions were found, yielding ignition delay times of less than 1 ms, by simultaneously employing designs exploiting both large reentry Mach numbers and modest compression ratios. These combinations allow for combustion to occur within moderately sized combustion chambers. The first-order sizing calculations confirmed that atmospheric-breathing supersonic retropropulsion has the potential for significant mass savings relative to traditional architectures. Designs with higher oxidizer-to-fuel ratios were more mass efficient. The largest benefit was seen for small inlet area vehicles that leveraged deceleration from a terminal instantaneous burn over higher thrust throughout the trajectory.
Styrene/1,3‐butadiene copolymerization by C<sub>2</sub>‐symmetric group 4 metallocenes based catalysts (2007)

Abstract C 2 ‐symmetric group 4 metallocenes based catalysts ( rac ‐[CH 2 (3‐ tert ‐butyl‐1‐indenyl) 2 ]ZrCl 2 (1) , rac ‐[CH 2 (1‐indenyl) 2 ]ZrCl 2 (2) and rac ‐[CH 2 (3‐ tert ‐butyl‐1‐indenyl) 2 ]TiCl 2 (3) ) are able to copolymerize styrene and 1,3‐butadiene, to give products with high molecular weight. In agreement with symmetry properties of metallocene precatalysts, styrene homosequences are in isotactic arrangements. Full determination of microstructure of copolymers was obtained by 13 C NMR and FTIR analysis and it reveals that insertion of butadiene on styrene chain‐end happens prevailingly with 1,4‐ trans configuration. In the butadiene homosequences, using zirconocene‐based catalysts, the 1,4‐ trans arrangement is favored over 1,4‐ cis , but the latter is prevailing in the presence of titanocene (3) . Diad composition analysis of the copolymers makes possible to estimate the reactivity ratios of copolymerization: zirconocenes (1) and (2) produced copolymers having r 1 × r 2 = 0.5 and 3.0, respectively (where 1 refers to styrene and 2 to butadiene); while titanocene (3) gave tendencially blocky styrene–butadiene copolymers ( r 1 × r 2 = 8.5). The copolymers do not exhibit crystallinity, even when they contain a high molar fraction of styrene. Probably, comonomer homosequences are too short to crystallize ( n s = 16, in the copolymer at highest styrene molar fraction). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1476–1487, 2008
Mild Congenital ADAMTS13 Deficiency in a Patient with Familial Recurrent Ischemic Stroke (2008)

Abstract A severe functional deficiency in the ADAMTS13 protease, characteristic for patients suffering from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), results in persisting prothrombotic ultra-large von Willebrand factor (ULVWF) multimers, which can lead to systemic microvascular thrombosis. The congenital form of TTP is attributed to the presence of homozygous or double heterozygous mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene leading to impaired secretion and/or a functional defect of the protease. Decreased ADAMTS13 activity has been also described for several physiological and pathological conditions. Emerging evidence indicates mild ADAMTS13 deficiency might also increase risk for arterial thrombosis such as for ischemic stroke. We therefore investigated a possible causal relation between moderate ADAMTS13 deficiency and ischemic stroke in one patient selected with the lowest ADAMTS13 activity amongst a cohort of 70 patients with ischemic stroke. At age 34 and 46 years the patient had suffered from idiopathic ischemic strokes with negative common prothrombotic risk factors. We found slightly elevated VWF antigen (161%), ULVWF multimers and reduced ADAMTS13 activity (17%). Genetic analysis identified five nucleotide exchanges in the ADAMTS13 gene leading to one heterozygous missense mutation P353L and four homozygous amino acid polymorphisms (R7W, Q448E, P618A, A732V). Her asymptomatic son presented with normal VWF antigen (99%) and an ADAMTS13 activity of 58% transmitted by a mutant maternal allele and a paternal allele harboring the single Q448E polymorphism. Recombinant expression studies indicated P353L alone causes an impact on ADAMTS13 secretion that is further pronounced in the context of the four polymorphisms. Secreted ADAMTS13 containing P353L or P353L combined with the four polymorphisms presented with similar binding interaction in a binding assay with immobilized multimeric VWF, however, the binding affinity was slightly less than that of wild-type ADAMTS13 or polymorphic rADAMTS13 proteins containing either Q448E alone or all four polymorphisms combined. ADAMTS13 activity analysis suggested that mainly the secretion process or the protein stability rather than the proteolytic activity was affected by the mutations. Co-transfections mimicking the patient’s genotype indicated homozygosity of the four polymorphisms in the patient led to an attenuation of the adverse effect of the heterozygous P353L point mutation resulting in the moderate ADAMTS13 deficiency in the patient. Our results suggest moderate familial ADAMTS13 deficiency might be causally involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
On-line dynamic bandwidth allocation (2002)

Network multimedia applications require certain performance guarantees that can be provided through proper resource allocation. Allocation techniques are needed to provide these guarantees as efficiently as possible since resources are limited. This paper presents an allocation method called Dynamic Search Algorithm (DSA+). DSA+ is an on-line algorithm that dynamically adjusts the resource allocation based upon the measured quality of service. Advantages of DSA+ include efficient use of resources, reasonable implementation cost and stringent quality of service control. In this paper we demonstrate how DSA+ dynamically allocates bandwidth to achieve a given loss rate for actual variable bit rate MPEG videos. Performance and cost advantages over other allocation methods are presented, as well as allocation for multiple hop connections.
Evaluation of beam wobbling methods for heavy‐ion radiotherapy (2008)

The National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) has extensively studied carbon‐ion radiotherapy at the Heavy‐Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) with some positive outcomes, and has established its efficacy. Therefore, efforts to distribute the therapy to the general public should be made, for which it is essential to enable direct application of clinical and technological experiences obtained at NIRS. For widespread use, it is very important to reduce the cost through facility downsizing with minimal acceleration energy to deliver the HIMAC‐equivalent clinical beams. For the beam delivery system, the requirement of miniaturization is translated to reduction in length while maintaining the clinically available field size and penetration range for range‐modulated uniform broad beams of regular fields that are either circular or square for simplicity. In this paper, we evaluate the various wobbling methods including original improvements, especially for application to the compact facilities through the experimental and computational studies. The single‐ring wobbling method used at HIMAC is the best one including a lot of experience at HIMAC but the residual range is a fatal problem in the case of a compact facility. On the other hand, uniform wobbling methods such as the spiral and zigzag wobbling methods are effective and suitable for a compact facility. Furthermore, these methods can be applied for treatment with passive range modulation including respiratory gated irradiation. In theory, the choice between the spiral and zigzag wobbling methods depends on the shape of the required irradiation field. However, we found that it is better to use the zigzag wobbling method with transformation of the wobbling pattern even when a circular uniform irradiation field is required, because it is difficult to maintain the stability of the wobbler magnet due to the rapid change of the wobbler current in the spiral wobbling method. The regulated wobbling method, which is our improvement, can well expand the uniform irradiation field and lead to reducing the power requirement of the wobbler magnets. Our evaluations showed that the regulated zigzag wobbling method is the most suitable method for use in currently designed compact carbon‐therapy facilities.
CXCR4 inhibitors could benefit to HER2 but not to triple-negative breast cancer patients (2016)

The CXCR4 receptor and its ligand CXCL12 (also named stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF1) have a critical role in chemotaxis and homing, key steps in cancer metastasis. Although myofibroblasts expressing CXCL12 are associated with the presence of axillary metastases in HER2 breast cancers (BC), the therapeutic interest of targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in the different BC subtypes remains unclear. Here, we investigate this question by testing antitumor activity of CXCR4 inhibitors in patient-derived xenografts (PDX), which faithfully reproduce human tumor properties. We observed that two CXCR4 inhibitors, AMD3100 and TN14003, efficiently impair tumor growth and metastasis dissemination in both Herceptin-sensitive and Herceptin-resistant HER2 BC. Conversely, blocking CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway in triple-negative (TN) BC does not reduce tumor growth, and can even increase metastatic spread. Moreover, although CXCR4 inhibitors significantly reduce myofibroblast content in all BC subtypes, they decrease angiogenesis only in HER2 BC. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting CXCR4 could provide some therapeutic interest for HER2 BC patients, whereas it has no impact or could even be detrimental for TN BC patients.
Improvement of corrosion resistance of materials used in drinking water systems by laser surface melting (2001)

Copper alloys and stainless steels are materials commonly used in drinking water systems as piping materials and accessories. To minimize contamination arising from corrosion and to prolong the service life, laser surface melting (LSM) of brass, bronze, stainless steels S304 and S316 was attempted using a 2 kW CW Nd:YAG laser. The corrosion resistance before and after LSM was determined by the polarization test. The corrosion resistance was increased by a factor ranging from 2.7 to 8.0. The microstructures of the laser-melted specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of the laser-treated specimens after the polarization test was studied by SEM. The increase in corrosion resistance could be attributed to refmement in the microstructure.
Color uniformity in compact LED illumination for DMD projectors (2010)

We present compact illumination engines for DMD projection systems making use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources. The impact of uniformization optics and color-combining dichroic filters is investigated with respect to the color uniformity on the screen. PhlatLight LEDs are considered as light sources because of their superior luminance levels. Also PhotonVacuum optics are used to collimate and transform the emitted LED light distribution. The optical engines are simulated with advanced non-sequential ray tracing software. They are evaluated on the basis of étendue efficiency, compactness and color uniformity of the projected images. Color plots are used as tools to investigate the simulated color gradients in the image. To validate our simulation models, we have built a compact prototype LED projector. Its color-related specifications are compared with the simulated values.
CROWD MONITORING USING IMAGE SEQUENCE PROCESSING (1997)

In this paper, a video-based system used to collect pedestrian traffic data is presented. It is composed of two different processes. The first process is a motion detection algorithm, which can cope with deformable moving bodies like pedestrians. Its originality consists in the on line construction of a reference image, containing all static edges in the scene. It is particularly robust towards illumination changes. A tracking process is then used to extract pedestrians traffic parameters like occupation rate, and crossing time. This second process is based on a feature matching algorithm and works in real time. The system is adapted to crowd monitoring and used as an intelligent sensor in the project Intelligent Crossroads developed by INRETS (National Research Institute of Transportation and Security). The performance of the video-based system has been evaluated under several real environmental conditions in an outdoor test site. The effects of variations concerning lighting and meteorological conditions (shadows, clouds, sun, rain, night,...) have been carefully tested. Data collected by the system allows control in real time of the traffic in order to improve the service given to pedestrians. This project is supported by INRETS and the Nord Pas de Calais regional council. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 898010.
Pharmacokinetic profile of edaravone: a comparison between Japanese and Caucasian populations (2017)

The PPK analyses demonstrated no clinically relevant difference in the PK profiles of edaravone by race, sex, weight, or age.
Endotoxin responsiveness and subchronic grain dust-induced airway disease (2001)

Endotoxin is one of the principal components of grain dust that causes acute reversible airflow obstruction and airway inflammation. To determine whether endotoxin responsiveness influences the development of chronic grain dust-induced airway disease, physiological and airway inflammation remodeling parameters were evaluated after an 8-wk exposure to corn dust extract (CDE) and again after a 4-wk recovery period in a strain of mice sensitive to (C3H/HeBFeJ) and one resistant to (C3H/HeJ) endotoxin. After the CDE exposure, both strains of mice had equal airway hyperreactivity to a methacholine challenge; however, airway hyperreactivity persisted only in the C3H/HeBFeJ mice after the recovery period. Only the C3H/HeBFeJ mice showed significant inflammation of the lower airway after the 8-wk exposure to CDE. After the recovery period, this inflammatory response completely resolved. Lung stereological measurements indicate that an 8-wk exposure to CDE resulted in persistent expansion of the airway submucosal cross-sectional area only in the C3H/HeBFeJ mice. Collagen type III and an influx of cells into the subepithelial area participated in the expansion of the submucosa. Our findings demonstrate that subchronic inhalation of grain dust extract results in the development of chronic airway disease only in mice sensitive to endotoxin but not in mice that are genetically hyporesponsive to endotoxin, suggesting that endotoxin is important in the development of chronic airway disease.
Electrospinning of Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Polyoxyethylene Oxide Nanofibers for Fruit Fresh-Keeping (2018)

Electrospinning provides an effective method for generating nanofibers from solution of carboxymethyl chitosan/polyoxyethylene oxide (CMCS/PEO). The goal of this work is to explore the potential application of electrospun CMCS/PEO nanofiber membrane in fruit fresh-keeping. The microstructure, antibacterial activity, hydrophilia, and air permeability of the nanofiber membrane have been tested. For comparison, the fresh-keeping effects of commercial cling wrap and CMCS/PEO nanofiber membranes on strawberries' rotting rate and weight loss rate have been studied. The results indicate that the electrospun CMCS/PEO membrane could effectively avoid water loss in strawberries and has a remarkable effect to prolong strawberries' shelf life due to its breathability and antibacterial activity. In addition, the composite CMCS/PEO, nanofiber membrane is non-poisonous and edible, which can be used in food industry.