gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH ON MODIFIED BENTONITE USED FOR TREATING THE SIMULATED OILY WASTEWATER (2007)

The discharge amount of oily wastewater is increased steadily,and the environmental pollution becomes more deteriorated,so,it is more urgent for us to treat the oily wastewater.Two modified bentonites were synthesized by placing Na2CO3 and DTAB on bentonite.The optimal conditions and properties for modified bentonites to treat simulated oily wastewater were investigated.The results indicated that the saturation adsorbing capacity and removal rates for organobentonites modified by DTAB to treat COD in wastewater were better than that for Na2CO3 modified and purified bentonites.So that,the organobentonites modified by DTAB is more effective than Na2CO3 modified and purified bentonites.
A phase II trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy with concurrent anti-PD1 treatment in metastatic melanoma: evaluation of clinical and immunologic response (2017)

The current phase II trial aims at exploring the suggested benefits of combining anti-PD-1 treatment and radiotherapy. The translational focus on immunologic markers might be suitable for predicting efficacy and monitoring the effect so to improve patient selection for future clinical applications. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02821182.
Pricing American Options Fitting the Smile (2001)

This paper is a compendium of results-theoretical and computational-from a series of recent papers developing a new American option valuation technique based on linear programming (LP). Some further computational results are included for completeness. A proof of the basic analytical theorem is given, as is the analysis needed to solve the inverse problem of determining local (one-factor) volatility from market data. The ideas behind a fast accurate revised simplex method, whose performance is linear in time and space discretizations, are described and the practicalities of fitting the volatility smile are discussed. Numerical results are presented which show the LP valuation technique to be extremely fast-lattice speed with PDE accuracy. American options valued in the paper range from vanilla, through exotic with constant volatility, to exotic options fitting the volatility smile.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral topotecan in patients with advanced solid tumours and impaired renal function (2015)

Oral topotecan dose adjustments are not required in patients with prior PB chemotherapy or mildly impaired renal function, but reduced doses are required for patients with moderate or severe renal impairment.
Effects of Sampling Artifacts and Operating Parameters on the Performance of a Semicontinuous Particulate Elemental Carbon/Organic Carbon Monitor (2005)

The carbonaceous component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is considered very important with respect to the observed adverse health effects of PM. Particulate organic and elemental carbon have traditionally been measured off-line after daily, time-integrated particle collection on filters. However, the subdaily or hourly variability of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) can help to assess the variability of sources, ambient levels, and human exposure. In this study, the performance of the Sunset Laboratory Inc. semicontinuous EC/OC monitorwas assessed in a Los Angeles location representing typical urban pollution. An intermonitor comparison showed high precision (R2 of 0.98 and 0.97 for thermal OC and EC, respectively). By changing the inlet configurations of one of the monitors (adding a denuder, a Teflon filter, or both), the influences of positive and negative sampling artifacts were investigated. The positive artifact was found to be relatively large (7.59 microg/m3 on average), more than 50% of measured OC, but it was practically eliminated with a denuder. The negative artifact was much smaller (less than 20% of the positive artifact) and may be neglected in most cases. A comparison of different temperature profiles, including a fast 4-min analysis using optical EC correction, showed good agreement among methods. Finally, a novel configuration using a size selective inlet impactor removing particles greater than 250 nm in diameter allowed for semicontinuous size-fractionated EC/OC measurements. Evolution of OC at different temperatures of the thermal analysis showed higher volatility OC in larger particles.
The Effect of Tidal and Stellar Mass Loss on Compact Stars Clusters in the Galaxy M82 (2004)

Compact star clusters in star burst galaxies sink towards galactic centers due to dynamical friction. If they survive against mass loss from stellar evolution and tidal stripping from their parent galaxy, they can bring intermediate-mass black holes (of about 1000M⊙), which are produced in the clusters by runaway merging of massive stars, into the centers which can then merge and form a supermassive black hole (Ebisuzaki et al., Astrophys. J. 562 (2001), L19). We investigate survival conditions for the clusters using numerical simulations which include stellar evolution and tidal stripping. Our gravitational N-body simulations use MDGRAPE-2 (http://www.peta.co.jp/), modeling star clusters in the star burst galaxy M82. We find that the condition for survival strongly depends on the initial mass function of the cluster. If a star cluster has a power law IMF with α≲-2.5, it can sink down to the center of the parent galaxy. These results support the formation scenario of supermassive black holes described above.
Sunitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recommendations for Management of Noncardiovascular Toxicities (2011)

The multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor sunitinib has emerged as one of the standards of care for good- and intermediate-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although generally associated with acceptable toxicity, sunitinib exhibits a novel and distinct toxicity profile that requires monitoring and management. Fatigue, diarrhea, anorexia, oral changes, hand-foot syndrome and other skin toxicity, thyroid dysfunction, myelotoxicity, and hypertension seem to be the most common and clinically relevant toxicities of sunitinib. Drug dosing and treatment duration are correlated with response to treatment and survival. Treatment recommendations for hypertension have been published but, currently, no standard guidelines exist for the management of noncardiovascular side effects. To discuss the optimal management of noncardiovascular side effects, an international, interdisciplinary panel of experts gathered in November 2009. Existing literature on incidence, severity, and underlying mechanisms of side effects as well as on potential treatment options were carefully reviewed and discussed. On the basis of these proceedings and the thorough review of the existing literature, recommendations were made for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of the most common noncardiovascular side effects and are summarized in this review. The proactive assessment and consistent and timely management of sunitinib-related side effects are critical to ensure optimal treatment benefit by allowing appropriate drug dosing and prolonged treatment periods.
The Role of Stress Induced Martensite in Ductile Metastable Beta Ti-alloys Showing Combined TRIP/TWIP Effects (2015)

A new family of metastable beta type titanium alloys has recently been designed for ductility improvement with large strain-hardening effect. Superior plastic properties were obtained due to collective effects of both phase transformation induced plasticity and twinning induced plasticity. A series of stress induced phase transformations, including stress/strain-induced beta to omega transformation and stress-induced martensitic beta to α” transformations, play particular roles at each deformation stage. The SIM transformations were found to be closely related to the strain-hardening behavior of the material. In this work, the relationship between SIM transformations and strain-hardening effect were studied by microstructural investigations.
Stable Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism in Dogs Given Donor Antigen, CTLA4Ig, and 100 cGy Total Body Irradiation Before and Pharmacologic Immunosuppression After Marrow Transplant (1999)

Stable mixed chimerism can be established in dogs given a sublethal dose of 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) before and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclosporine (CSP) for 28 and 35 days, respectively, after dog leukocyte antigen-identical marrow transplantation. Most likely, the role of pretransplant TBI was to provide host immunosuppression, since stable mixed chimerism was also achieved in MMF/CSP-treated dogs when 450 cGy irradiation, targeted to cervical, thoracic, and upper abdominal lymph nodes, was substituted for TBI. When TBI was reduced from 200 to 100 cGy, all grafts were rejected within 3 to 12 weeks. Here, we asked whether stable engraftment after 100 cGy TBI could be accomplished by first reducing the intensity of host immune responsiveness with help of the fusion peptide CTLA4Ig, which blocks T-cell costimulation through the B7-CD28 signal pathway. Accordingly, recipient T cells were activated with intravenous (IV) injections of 10(6) donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)/kg per day on days -7 to -1 before 100 cGy TBI, with concurrent administration of CTLA4Ig 4 mg/kg/d IV. All 7 dogs so treated showed initial mixed chimerism. Two rejected their allografts after 8 and 20 weeks, respectively, and survived with autologous marrow recovery; 1 mixed chimera was unevaluable because of death at 3 weeks from intussusception; and 4 showed persisting mixed chimerism, including unirradiated marrow and lymph node spaces, for now more than 46 to 70 weeks after transplant. Data support the hypothesis that stable marrow allografts can be established by combining nonmyeloablative pretransplant host immunosuppression with posttransplant host and donor cell immunosuppression using MMF/CSP.
Floating‐Point Unit (2005)

There are many data processing applications which use a large range of values and need a relatively high precision. In such cases, instead of encoding the information in the form of integers or fixed-point numbers, an alternative solution is a floating-point representation (chapter 3). In the first section of this chapter, a method is proposed for defining a particular floating-point representation system as a function of the application specification. The next section is devoted to the algorithms for executing the basic arithmetic operations. The two following sections define the main rounding methods and introduce the concept of guard digit. Finally, the last few sections propose basic implementations of the arithmetic operations, namely addition and subtraction, multiplication, division and square root.
Activation and Inactivation of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel: Role of Segment S5 Revealed by a Novel Hyperkalaemic Periodic Paralysis Mutation (1999)

Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis, paramyotonia congenita, and potassium-aggravated myotonia are three autosomal dominant skeletal muscle disorders linked to the SCN4A gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the human voltage-sensitive sodium channel. To date, approximately 20 point mutations causing these disorders have been described. We have identified a new point mutation, in the SCN4A gene, in a family with a hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis phenotype. This mutation predicts an isoleucine-to-phenylalanine substitution at position 1495 located in the transmembrane segment S5 in the fourth homologous domain of the human alpha-subunit sodium channel. Introduction of the I1495F mutation into the wild-type channels disrupted the macroscopic current inactivation decay and shifted both steady-state activation and inactivation to the hyperpolarizing direction. The recovery from fast inactivation was slowed, and there was no effect on channel deactivation. Additionally, a significant enhancement of slow inactivation was observed in the I1495F mutation. In contrast, the T704M mutation, a hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis mutation located in the cytoplasmic interface of the S5 segment of the second domain, also shifted activation in the hyperpolarizing direction but had little effect on fast inactivation and dramatically impaired slow inactivation. These results, showing that the I1495F and T704M hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis mutations both have profound effects on channel activation and fast-slow inactivation, suggest that the S5 segment maybe in a location where fast and slow inactivation converge.
Combined Effects of Shear Thinning and Viscous Heating on EHL Characteristics of Rolling/Sliding Line Contacts (2008)

The combined influence of shear thinning and viscous heating on the behavior of film thickness and friction in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) rolling/sliding line contacts is investigated numerically. The constitutive equation put forward by Carreau is incorporated into the model to describe shear thinning. An extensive set of numerical simulations is presented. Comparison of the film thickness predictions with published experiments reveals good agreement, and it is shown that thermal effect plays an important role in the precise estimation of EHL film thickness and friction coefficient. Parametric simulations show that thermal effect in shear-thinning fluids is strongly affected by the power-law index used in the Carreau equation. Comparisons of prediction of the Newtonian fluid model are presented to quantify the degree to which it overestimates the film thickness.
Customized expression recognition for performance-driven cutout character animation (2016)

Performance-driven character animation enables users to create expressive results by performing the desired motion of the character with their face and/or body. However, for cutout animations where continuous motion is combined with discrete artwork replacements, supporting a performance-driven workflow has some unique requirements. To trigger the appropriate artwork replacements, the system must reliably detect a wide range of customized facial expressions that are challenging for existing recognition methods, which focus on a few canonical expressions (e.g., angry, disgusted, scared, happy, sad and surprised). Also, real usage scenarios require the system to work in realtime with minimal training. In this paper, we propose a novel customized expression recognition technique that meets all of these requirements. We first use a set of handcrafted features combining geometric features derived from facial landmarks and patch-based appearance features through group sparsity-based facial component learning. To improve discrimination and generalization, these handcrafted features are integrated into a custom-designed Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structure trained from publicly available facial expression datasets. The combined features are fed to an online ensemble of SVMs designed for the few training sample problem and performs in realtime. To improve temporal coherence, we also apply a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to smooth the recognition results. Our system achieves state-of-the-art performance on canonical expression datasets and promising results on our collected dataset of customized expressions.
Ligand-induced action of the W286<sup>6.48</sup>rotamer toggle switch in the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor (2017)

Studies focused on GPCRs, particularly on the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptor (β<sub>2</sub>-AR), have demonstrated the relationship between ligand structure, receptor conformational changes and the corresponding pharmacological outcomes. Herein, we studied the molecular details of the rotameric flip of the W286<sup>6.48</sup> sidechain, i.e. a presumed action switch that has not been reported in native β<sub>2</sub>-AR thus far. It is believed that although both the 'active' and 'inactive' conformers of β<sub>2</sub>-AR exhibit similar conformations of this switch, it may still play a substantial role in the ligand-induced activation of the receptor. By using both experimental methods (time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy) and molecular modeling techniques (enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics), we characterized the conformational rearrangements of W286<sup>6.48</sup> in relation to the type of ligand present in the binding cavity and to the conformation of the receptor ('active' vs. 'inactive' β<sub>2</sub>-AR). We found that the conformational behaviour of W286<sup>6.48</sup> is correlated with the pharmacological character of the ligand present in the binding cavity but not with the instantaneous conformation of the receptor. Namely, agonists promote the W286<sup>6.48</sup> conformations that facilitate the increase of the solvation within the inner receptor channel. In contrast, antagonists and inverse agonists act toward the decrease of the solvation in the inner channel. This creates an opportunity for using computational methodologies in determining the pharmacological properties of various ligands. The combination of the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy technique with the enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics simulations is shown to be a powerful tool for studying the ligand-induced conformational rearrangements in GPCRs.
A study of the transition kinetics from para-equilibrium to ortho-equilibrium (2003)

The kinetics of austenite decomposition to ferrite in an Fe-3Mn-0.1C (wt %) alloy have been simulated using computational thermodynamics and diffusion-controlled kinetics models. The transformation was modeled for two different austenite- ferrite interface conditions: ortho-equilibrium or para-equilibrium followed by ortho-equilibrium. The ortho-equilibrium condition resulted in an extremely slow transformation rate. For the case of para-equilibrium followed by ortho-equilibrium, the first stage of the transformation rate was rapid (complete within a few hundred seconds) while the second stage was aga in slow. For the second case, the initial rapid ferrite formation was followed by transient ferrite dissolution and reformation once the ortho-equilibrium reaction was imposed. This behavior can be explained by considering the nature of the elemental fluxes at the interface. The predicted transformation behavior was also compared to expected behavior for a Local-Equilibrium-with-Negligible-Partitioning (LENP) condition. Preliminary results from experiments designed to critically evaluate the predictions are also presented and tend to support the para-equilibrium transformation mechanism.
NMR Studies of Inorganic Fluorides. I. High-Resolution 19F Spectra of Si2F6 and (SiF3)2O (1966)

Fluorine NMR spectra of hexafluorodisilane and hexafluorodisiloxane have been recorded and analyzed. The 19F–19F and 29Si–19F spin coupling constants were obtained from the satellite spectra arising from the 29Si-substituted molecules present in natural abundance. The ``near'' and ``far'' 29Si–19F coupling constants in Si2F6 were found to be of opposite sign.
A Tactical Framework for Cyberspace Situational Awareness (2010)

Abstract : We are increasingly dependent on computers, networks, and cyberspace resources to accomplish military missions. Manifested via email, the web, databases, applications, command and control messages, and myriad other forms, the health and status of cyberspace affects everyone. Information technology is a strategic asset driving the Air Force towards a culture change such that we are all operators in cyberspace. As operators, each of us must maintain an appropriate level of situational awareness (SA) in cyberspace. In an airplane, the crew maintains SA through visual and instrument scan, radio, intercom and audible queues, and by operator interaction with mission systems. Unfortunately, cyberspace situational awareness tools are not as mature or clearly defined as those of an aircraft and its crew or other traditional weapons systems. Insight into confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information as well as what constitutes fully mission capable, partially mission capable, or non-mission capable for cyberspace highlight the need for improved situational awareness in cyberspace. This paper will explore situational awareness in the context of cyberspace, evaluate one existing implementation of a cyberspace situational awareness tool, and present an alternative scalable concept model for identifying and linking cyberspace resources to mission impacts at the tactical level.
Equalizer training algorithms for multicarrier modulation systems (2002)

In a multicarrier data transmission system the length of a symbol is often limited by the maximum permissible delay of data from input to output. If the length of the impulse response of the channel is not negligible compared to the permitted symbol length, the impulse response can be shortened by passing the received signal through a time-domain equalizer before modulation. The best performance for a given computational complexity can then be achieved by appending to each block of samples of the transmit signal a cyclic prefix that has the same length as the shortened impulse response. Several algorithms for designing the time-domain equalizer, which use adaptation in the frequency domain and windowing in the time domain in order to minimize the mean squared error of the equalized response, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gas Generator Materials Consisting of TAGN and Polymeric Binders (1992)

Abstract This study introduces a new type of gs generator on the basis of triaminoguanidine nitrate with polymeric binders in the form of polyurethane polymers, cellulose acetate and the azidopolymer GAP with nitroplasticizer. TAGN propellants demonstrate low burning temperatures, high yields of gaseous products adn adjustable medium to high burning velocities. Together with high chemical and thermal stabilities, good mechanical properties to high and low temperatures, no exhaust of corrosive gases and very low sensitivity, the gas‐generator propellants exhibit outstanding properties.
Effect of Radon-Containing Ointment on Cutaneous Lymph Flow and Minute Vessels of Skin (1946)

Evidence is presented suggesting that the effect of Radon ointment applied to the skin of men and animals is: (1) To produce active hyperemia. (2) To increase lymph formation and lymph flow without appreciably increasing capillary permeability to colloids. (3) It is suggested that the therapeutic effect of Radon ointment may be apparent in these cases where lymph flow is diminished, per- haps due to partial block. Evidence is offered suggesting that lymph flow is diminished in a limb that has, in the past, been exposed to excessive x-ray irradiation. Also, the result of treating acute lesions thought to represent partial lymphatic block following penicillin injections is described, with results that are suggestively good although the series is too small for absolute certainty.
Anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract of Butea monosperma leaves (2010)

The Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Butea monosperma (100,200,400mg/kg;p.o) was assessed by using Maximal Electroshock seizure(MES), Pentylenetetrazole (80mg/kg;s.c) and Strychnine(4mg/kg;i.m) induced seizures in mice.The extract significantly delayed the onset of convulsions induced by Pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) and Maximal Electroshock seizure(MES) in a dose dependent manner. Anticonvulsant effect of the extract was comparable to clinically used antiepileptic drugs (Diazepam). But, the extract did not protect the Strychnine induced seizure at significant level even in the dose of 400mg/kg;p.o. These results suggest that the extract of Butea monosperma leaves possess anticonvulsant activity against Maximal Electroshock and Pentylenetetrazole induced seizure. The extract could have exhibited the activity by interfering with GABA, glutamatergic mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐IMINOALKYLIMIDAZOLES VIA CUPROUS IMIDAZOLIDE (1985)

Abstract Aus den Cu‐irnidazoliden (I) erhält man mit tert.‐Butylbromid (II) und den Nitrilen (III) die Substitutionsprodukte (IV) unter Einschiebung der Nitrile (III).