gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Facial Asymmetry (2015)

Facial symmetry is an important component of attractiveness. However, functional symmetry is favorable to aesthetic symmetry. In addition, fluctuating asymmetry is more natural and common, even if patients find such asymmetry to be noticeable. However, fluctuating asymmetry remains difficult to define. Several studies have shown that a certain level of asymmetry could generate an unfavorable image. A natural profile is favorable to perfect mirror-image profile, and images with canting and differences less than 3°-4° and 3-4 mm, respectively, are generally not recognized as asymmetry. In this study, a questionnaire survey among 434 medical students was used to evaluate photos of Asian women. The students preferred original images over mirror images. Facial asymmetry was noticed when the canting and difference were more than 3° and 3 mm, respectively. When a certain level of asymmetry is recognizable, correcting it can help to improve social life and human relationships. Prior to any operation, the anatomical component for noticeable asymmetry should be understood, which can be divided into hard tissues and soft tissue. For diagnosis, two-and three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry and radiometry are used, including photography, laser scanner, cephalometry, and 3D computed tomography.
A Monoclonal Antibody Against a Symbiont‐Synthesized Protein in the Cytosol of Symbiont‐Dependent Amoebae1 (1987)

ABSTRACT A monoclonal antibody was obtained against a 29‐kD polypeptide in the cytosol of a symbiont‐bearing strain (xD) of Amoeba proteus and was used to determine the distribution of the antigen in amoebae. The 29‐kD polypeptides (xD protein) are produced by bacterial endosymbionts that are necessary for the survival of host xD amoebae. Results of indirect immunofluorescent and electron‐microscopic immunogold‐labeling studies showed that the xD protein was present diffusely in the amoeba cytoplasm as well as in the symbiotic bacteria. The native protein containing 29‐kD polypeptides was purified using an immunoaffinity column prepared with the monoclonal antibody and its molecular weight was determined to be 87,000.
Mapping and screening of the tomato Stemphylium lycopersici resistance gene, Sm, based on bulked segregant analysis in combination with genome resequencing (2017)

The Sm gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 11. The candidate genes Solyc11g011870.1.1 and Solyc11g011880.1.1 displayed expression patterns related to the resistance response. This study will be valuable for Sm cloning and Sm gene breeding in tomato.
High Power Disk Loaded Guide Load (2006)

A method to design a matching section from a smooth guide to a disk-loaded guide, using a variation of broadband matching, [1, 2] is described. Using this method, we show how to design high power loads. The load consists of a disk-loaded coaxial guide operating in the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> -mode. We use this mode because it has no electric field terminating on a conductor, has no axial currents, and has no current at the cylinder-disk interface. A high power load design that has -35 dB reflection and a 200 MHz, -20 dB bandwidth, is presented. It is expected that it will carry the 600 MW output peak power of the pulse compression network. We use coaxial geometry and stainless steel material to increase the attenuation per cell.
Barbell-Lifting Based 3-D Wavelet Coding Scheme (2007)

This paper provides an overview of the Barbell lifting coding scheme that has been adopted as common software by the MPEG ad hoc group on further exploration of wavelet video coding. The core techniques used in this scheme, such as Barbell lifting, layered motion coding, 3D entropy coding and base layer embedding, are discussed. The paper also analyzes and compares the proposed scheme with the oncoming scalable video coding (SVC) standard because the hierarchical temporal prediction technique used in SVC has a close relationship with motion compensated temporal lifting (MCTF) in wavelet coding. The commonalities and differences between these two schemes are exhibited for readers to better understand modern scalable video coding technologies. Several challenges that still exist in scalable video coding, e.g., performance of spatial scalable coding and accurate MC lifting, are also discussed. Two new techniques are presented in this paper although they are not yet integrated into the common software. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the performance of the Barbell-lifting coding scheme and compare it with SVC and another well-known 3D wavelet coding scheme, MC embedded zero block coding (MC-EZBC).
Treatment of alveolar macrophages with cytochalasin D inhibits uptake and subsequent growth of Legionella pneumophila (1986)

Legionella pneumophila multiplied rapidly in guinea pig and rat alveolar macrophages but failed to grow when phagocytic activity was inhibited by pretreatment with 0.5 or 1.0 microgram of cytochalasin D per ml. Attachment was not inhibited by cytochalasin D. No extracellular multiplication occurred when L. pneumophila were in close proximity to viable functional macrophages or even when the bacteria were attached to plasma membranes of the macrophages. Nonopsonized L. pneumophila were avidly phagocytized by alveolar macrophages. When bacteria were centrifuged onto a cell pellet, more than 85% of the phagocytes contained one or more bacteria within 15 min. In contrast, under the same conditions only approximately 15% of the macrophages contained nonopsonized Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Phagocytosis of L. pneumophila by untreated guinea pig macrophages occurred by extension of pseudopodia around the bacteria in a classical manner. The failure of the bacteria to actively penetrate the phagocyte suggests that their intracellular survival must not depend on avoidance of a phagosome but rather on an inhibition of or resistance to subsequent microbicidal functions of the macrophage.
Caring for people with Alzheimer's disease using the conceptual model of progressively lowered stress threshold in the clinical setting. (1994)

Care of the people with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) has been fraught with controversy, often resulting in competing philosophies about what constitutes the "correct" approach. Whether developing an individualized plan of care or specialized programming, it is helpful to use a conceptual framework. The Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) conceptual model has been used extensively for planning individualized care for patients with ADRD, developing specialized environments and programming, evaluating outcomes of interventions, and serving as the theoretical framework for nursing research. This article describes use of the PLST model in a clinical setting.
Automotive Piston Rings 1967 State of the Art (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews the state-of-the-art with respect to compression and oil control ring designs used in 1967 model engines. Specific precautions with regard to details in piston ring specifications for optimum oil control and blowby performance are discussed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For 1967 engines, barrel face piston rings, molybdenum piston ring facings, and smoother cylinder bores are being used for improved oil economy and wear performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">New developments in piston ring coatings and materials are reviewed.</div>
Determination of Butenolide (Fusarium Toxin) by Gas Chromatography with an Electron-capture Detector (1981)

Butenolide showed a high response to the electron-capture detector, so the micro analysis of butenolide in grains and cultures of Fusarium species was investigated by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector (ECD-GC).The present method was composed of the following steps: the sample was extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 5% lead acetate solution (3:1), and water was added to the extract. The aqueous acetonitrile was defatted with n-hexane and re-extracted with chloroform.The chloroform extract was cleaned up by column chromatography on Wakogel S-1 and silica gel 60, and butenolide was determined by ECD-GC with a column (3mm×1m) of 2% DEGS+0.5% H3PO4 on Chromosorb W.The detection limit by the present method was about 10ppb and recoveries of butenolide added to grains at levels of 0.04 and 0.08ppm ranged from 72.3 to 81.1%.By this method, no butenolide could be detected in wheat and barley harvested in Saitama prefecture in 1977, although the concentration of the toxin ranged from 0.06 to 67.26ppm in rice cultures of F. graminearum, F. semitectum, F. tricinctum, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, F. sulphureum and F. spp. isolated from wheat and barley.
Responses of laboratory animals to some injectable anaesthetics (1993)

Xylazine, ketamine, methohexitone and alphadalone/alphaxalone, were administered intraperitoneally, intramuscularly or intravenously to mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Times for disappearance and reappearance of reflexes were recorded, and duration of loss of reflex. Delivering a predetermined dose gave a varying individual response, ranging from inadequate anaesthesia to death. Using reflexes to assess depth of anaesthesia was of limited value. Reflex movements to noxious stimuli generally persisted even at dose rates that caused prolonged recovery times and death. Conversely, in rats there was no response to a cutaneous stimulus in some animals even though recumbency was almost restored.
Biological and immunological properties of the HMB-2 human melanoma cell line. (1988)

The HMB-2 human melanoma cell line derived from a lymph node metastatis is described. After long-term cultivation in vitro the cells retained their morphology, high growth rate, xenotransplantability into immunosuppressed mice and genotypic and phenotypic markers of human melanoma cells. Upon infection of the HMB-2 cells with temperature-sensitive mutant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVts045) at nonpermissive temperature, a complemented virus pseudotype (VSV(HMB-2] was produced carrying assembled melanoma-associated antigens. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against HMB-2 cell membrane proteins and proteins of purified VSV(HMB-2) particles showed different reactivity with various human tumor cell lines and tissues: While the RG-12 anti-HMB-2 monoclonal antibody recognized a class II tumor-associated antigen present in melanoma and carcinoma tissues, the B-6 anti-VSV(HMB-2) antibody showed selective reactivity with melanoma cells.
A Quantitative Analysis of Microcirculation in Skin Defects Covered with Topical Wound Dressings or a Newly Developed Collagen Matrix (2017)

The presented results demonstrate the complex changes in microcirculation in the course of healing partial-thickness wounds with different wound dressings and contribute to a better understanding of these wounds. However, based on the results of the study, a clear recommendation for a specific substitute is not yet possible.
Roles of the PI-3K and MEK pathways in Ras-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer cells (2003)

Activated Ras utilises several downstream pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)/MAPK pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3k)/Akt pathway, to promote cell proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis. To investigate which pathway plays a major role in Ras-induced drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer cells, we transfected MCF7 breast cancer cells with a constitutively active H-RasG12V and examined the toxicities of three commonly used breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil in these cells under the conditions that PI-3K or MEK were selectively inhibited by their respective specific inhibitors or dominant negative expression vectors. We found that Ras-mediated drug resistance is well correlated with resistance to apoptosis induced by anticancer agents in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Although inhibition of MEK/MAPK or PI-3K/Akt can each enhance the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, or 5-fluorouracil, inhibition of the PI-3K/Akt pathway seems to have a greater effect than inhibition of the MEK/MAPK pathway in reversing Ras-mediated drug resistance. Our results indicate that the PI-3K pathway may play a more important role in receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated resistance to chemotherapy and suggest that PI-3K/Akt might be a critical target molecule for anticancer intervention in breast cancer.
An initiator protein for plasmid R6K DNA replication Mutations affecting the copy‐number control (1988)

Two kinds of mutations affecting the copy-number control of plasmid R6K were isolated and identified in an initiator pi protein by DNA sequencing. Firstly, a temperature-sensitive replication mutation, ts22, with decreased copy number results in a substitution of threonine to isoleucine at position 138 of the 305-amino-acid pi protein. Secondly, a high-copy-number (cop21) mutant was isolated from this ts mutant and was identified by an alteration of alanine to serine at position 162. This cop21 mutation suppressed the Ts character and was recessive to the wild-type allele in the copy control.
A construção do poder (2006)

The objective of this project is to analyze the relation between politicians and journalists and their interest of transmitting an ethical and credible news. The participants of a business/relationary process links the fact and report components, finding there the tension field where both exercise the attribution pertaining their respective activities.
Knowing the ransomware and building defense against it - specific to healthcare institutes (2017)

In the healthcare field the patient data is very sensitive. So the hospitals should have some plan to protect it as well. However, in US alone a number of hospitals are attacked by cybercriminals through ransomware malwares to make big bucks. The hospitals should be prepared when given such situation where they have to pay money to get their data back. Now the question arises should they be paying the ransom? In some cases a hospital may not have a choice, if their backup procedure is broken. This paper presents various steps that ransomware follows to encrypt the important files on the victims network, then asks for money and once it receives the money, then releases the data files. The paper also presents various steps those could be followed to protect against such attacks.
The selectivity of <i>β</i>‐adrenoceptor antagonists at the human <i>β</i>1, <i>β</i>2 and <i>β</i>3 adrenoceptors (2005)

β ‐Adrenoceptor antagonists (‘ β ‐blockers’) are one of the most widely used classes of drugs in cardiovascular medicine (hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and increasingly in heart failure) as well as in the management of anxiety, migraine and glaucoma. Where known, the mode of action in cardiovascular disease is from antagonism of endogenous catecholamine responses in the heart (mainly at β 1‐adrenoceptors), while the worrisome side effects of bronchospasm result from airway β 2‐adrenoceptor blockade. The aim of this study was to determine the selectivity of β ‐antagonists for the human β ‐adrenoceptor subtypes. 3 H‐CGP 12177 whole cell‐binding studies were undertaken in CHO cell lines stably expressing either the human β 1‐, β 2‐ or the β 3‐adrenoceptor in order to determine the affinity of ligands for each receptor subtype in the same cell background. In this study, the selectivity of well‐known subtype‐selective ligands was clearly demonstrated: thus, the selective β 1 antagonist CGP 20712A was 501‐fold selective over β 2 and 4169‐fold selective over β 3; the β 2‐selective antagonist ICI 118551 was 550‐ and 661‐fold selective over β 1 and β 3, respectively, and the selective β 3 compound CL 316243 was 10‐fold selective over β 2 and more than 129‐fold selective over β 1. Those β 2‐adrenoceptor agonists used clinically for the treatment of asthma and COPD were β 2 selective: 29‐, 61‐ and 2818‐fold for salbutamol, terbutaline and salmeterol over β 1, respectively. There was little difference in the affinity of these ligands between β 1 and β 3 adrenoceptors. The clinically used β ‐antagonists studied ranged from bisoprolol (14‐fold β 1‐selective) to timolol (26‐fold β 2‐selective). However, the majority showed little selectivity for the β 1‐ over the β 2‐adrenoceptor, with many actually being more β 2‐selective. This study shows that the β 1/ β 2 selectivity of most clinically used β ‐blockers is poor in intact cells, and that some compounds that are traditionally classed as ‘ β 1‐selective’ actually have higher affinity for the β 2‐adrenoceptor. There is therefore considerable potential for developing more selective β ‐antagonists for clinical use and thereby reducing the side‐effect profile of β ‐blockers. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144 , 317–322. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706048
News from the Protein Mutability Landscape (2013)

Some mutations of protein residues matter more than others, and these are often conserved evolutionarily. The explosion of deep sequencing and genotyping increasingly requires the distinction between effect and neutral variants. The simplest approach predicts all mutations of conserved residues to have an effect; however, this works poorly, at best. Many computational tools that are optimized to predict the impact of point mutations provide more detail. Here, we expand the perspective from the view of single variants to the level of sketching the entire mutability landscape. This landscape is defined by the impact of substituting every residue at each position in a protein by each of the 19 non-native amino acids. We review some of the powerful conclusions about protein function, stability and their robustness to mutation that can be drawn from such an analysis. Large-scale experimental and computational mutagenesis experiments are increasingly furthering our understanding of protein function and of the genotype-phenotype associations. We also discuss how these can be used to improve predictions of protein function and pathogenicity of missense variants.
Acoustic segmentation and phonetic classification in the SUMMIT system (2003)

Recently, the authors initiated a project to develop a phonetically-based spoken-language-understanding system called SUMMIT. In contrast to many of the past efforts that make use of heuristic rules whose development requires intense knowledge engineering, their approach attempts to express the speech knowledge within a formal framework using well-defined mathematical tools. In the authors' system, features and decision strategies are discovered and trained automatically, using a large body of speech data. The authors describe those parts of the system dealing with acoustic segmentation and phonetic classification and document its current performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of Nonpulmonary Infections Due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei on the Basis of in Vitro Susceptibilities (1985)

One hundred twenty-three patients with nonpulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium fortuitum or Mycobacterium chelonei were treated by wound debridement and with chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities of the organism. Of 76 patients with infections caused by M. fortuitum, 13 required no therapy or were adequately treated with surgery alone. Patients with active localized disease received single drug therapy (usually with a sulfonamide) for a mean period of 10.6 weeks for cellulitis and seven months for osteomyelitis. Patients with extensive disease received amikacin or amikacin plus cefoxitin (mean, four weeks) followed by a sulfonamide (mean, six months). The 47 patients with infections caused by M. chelonei received no therapy or were treated with surgery alone (6); with amikacin (10), erythromycin (6), doxycycline (3), or cefoxitin (1); or with amikacin plus cefoxitin followed by cefoxitin alone for a total of 10-12 weeks (20); or other multiple-drug regimens (1). Surgery was performed on 74 (60%) patients. Schlichter tests or serum drug levels were determined for 81 (66%) patients. Response to therapy was excellent; 68 (90%) infections with M. fortuitum and 34 (72%) with M. chelonei were successfully treated. Cultures became negative within six weeks of chemotherapy, except for sternal osteomyelitis, for which cultures were not negative until up to 14 weeks. Follow-up for a mean period of 12 months following therapy was possible in 80% of cases. Relapses were rare except in patients with disseminated disease, and drug resistance developed in only one patient. These studies demonstrate the value of routine susceptibility testing of these mycobacterial species and the benefit of chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.
The cell cycle of symbiotic <i>chlorella</i>: iii. numbers of algae in green hydra digestive cells are regulated at digestive cell division (1986)

Regression analysis of the relationship between the size of interphase and mitotic digestive cells of green hydra, and the numbers and total volume of the symbiotic Chlorella algae they contain showed a partial correlation only, suggesting that numbers of algae per cell are not regulated by limiting them to a specific proportion of the host cell, and that the variation observed in numbers of algae per cell is not due to variation in host cell size. After hydra were fed, which stimulates algae and digestive cells to divide at the same time, numbers of algae per cell were higher in prophase than in interphase cells, and numbers increased as mitosis proceeded. In excised regenerating peduncles algae divide before digestive cells, and at the onset of digestive cell division mitotic cells were found to contain almost twice the number of algae as before excision. Thus, almost all of the algal cell division necessary to maintain a constant population size was associated with digestive cell division. Analysis of variance in numbers of algae in telophase mother and daughter cells suggested that the proportion of algae dividing as a result of host cell mitosis was greater in digestive cells with few algae than in those with many algae. The fact that the mechanism controlling the proportion of algae dividing in host cells is expressed at host cell division and is manifested in the daughter cells may contribute to wide variation in numbers of algae per cell.