gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The target of arachidonic acid pathway is a new anticancer strategy for human prostate cancer (2008)

Recent epidemiological studies and animal experiments have demonstrated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the incidence of colorectal carcinoma. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the principal target of NSAIDs. COX is the first oxidase in the process of prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid. COX enzyme may be involved in the initiation and/or the promotion of carcinogenesis due to NSAIDs inhibition of COX. Lipoxygenase (LOX) is also an initial enzyme in the pathway for producing leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Similar to COX, LOX enzyme may also be involved in the initiation and/or promotion of carcinogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator activator-receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. PPAR-gamma plays a role in both adipocyte differentiation and carcinogenesis. PPAR-gamma is one target for cell growth modulation of NSAIDs. In this review, we report the expression of COX-2, LOX and PPAR-gamma in human prostate cancer tissues as well as the effects of COX-2 and LOX inhibitors and PPAR-gamma ligand.
Neuronal Mechanisms of Motion Perception (1990)

An enduring problem for sensory neurophysiology is to understand how neural circuits in the cerebral cortex mediate our perception of the visual world. In part, the problem endures because it is difficult; the circuits in visual cortex are formidable both in their number and in their complexity. Of equal importance, however, is that investigation of the visual system has yielded a stream of fascinating insights into the nature of cortical information processing. Perhaps foremost among these insights is that individual cortical neurons, in contrast to retinal photoreceptors, respond selectively to perceptually salient features of the visual scene. For example, neurons in striate cortex (or V1) respond selectively to the orientation of local contours, to the direction of motion of a visual stimulus, or to visual contours that fall on disparate locations in the two retinae (for review, see Hubel 1988).
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gallbladder carcinoma (1993)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was studied in 103 gallbladder carcinomas and 23 metastatic lesions as well as in 25 control non-neoplastic gallbladder specimens. Positive nuclear staining was observed in 88% of controls, in 92% of carcinomas and in 70% of metastases. The mean number of positive cells was 21.2% in controls, 44.1% in primary carcinomas and 32% in metastatic cancer cells. Differences which were significant were control v. primary tumour, P < 0.000001; control v. metastasis, P < 0.01 and primary tumour v. metastasis, P < 0.006. In 57 (60%) of the primary tumours there was positive staining in over 40% of tumour cells. We were not able to demonstrate any relationship between macroscopic or microscopic features and PCNA expression. However, tumours confined to the mucosa expressed PCNA more frequently than did more advanced tumours.
추적자 실험 및 3차원 수치모의를 이용한 저수지 수처리 장치의 영향반경 평가 (2018)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the radius of influence of effluent of water treatment system developed for the purpose of improvement of reservoir water quality using fluorescent dye (Rhodamine-WT) tracer experiment and 3-D numerical model. The tracer experiment was carried out in a medium-sized agricultural reservoir with a storage capacity of 227,000 ㎥ and an average depth of 1.6 m. A guideline with a total length of 160 m was installed at intervals of 10 m in the horizontal direction from the discharge part, and a Rhodamine measurement sensor (YSI 6130, measurement range 0-200 μg/L) was used to measure concentration changes in time, distance, and depth. Experimental design was established in advance through Jet theory and the diffusion process was simulated using ELCOM, a three dimensional hydraulic dynamics model. As a result of the study, the direct effect radius of the jet emitted from the applied water treatment system was about 50-70 m, and the radius of physical effect by the advection diffusion was judged to be 100-120 m. The numerical simulations of effluent advection-diffusion of the water treatment system using ELCOM showed very similar results to those of the impact radius analysis using the tracer experiment and jet flow empirical equations. The results provide valuable information on the spatial extent of the water quality improvement devices installed in the reservoir and the facility layout design.
Use of chirps in medical ultrasound imaging (2012)

A "chirp" is a frequency modulated signal widely used in ultrasound imaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and penetration depth. In medical ultrasound imaging, resolution and penetration are two major criteria that\nare inversely proportional. Because of this inverse relation, short duration pulses cannot achieve a high resolution with good penetration. The reasons\nfor this trade-off are the decrease in signal energy due to shorter pulse duration and the attenuation in tissue, which increases with the excitation frequency. The chirp coded excitation however can increase the total transmitted energy using longer pulse durations, while the resolution can be recovered by decoding on receive. Therefore, chirp signals offer potential advantages over single carrier short duration pulses for medical imaging.\n\nThis work addresses the possible problems encountered in medical ultrasound imaging with chirps and offers new solutions to these problems in terms of signal processing. These proposed solutions are then applied to three major categories of medical ultrasound imaging; hard-tissue ultrasound imaging, soft-tissue ultrasound imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging.\n\nThe application of coded excitation in medical ultrasound imaging is the main motivation behind this work. Therefore, the concepts of frequency modulation and matched filtering are introduced first, and ultrasound specicific problems for pulse compression of chirps are discussed. Examples are\ngiven on specific applications and circumstances, where the performance of the traditional pulse compression techniques drops significantly.\n\nAlternate methods of pulse compression and filtering of frequency modulated chirps using the Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and the Fan Chirp transform (FChT) are presented. Rather than restricting the chirp analysis in the time or frequency domain; these proposed methods transform the signal of interest into a new domain, which is more suitable to analyse frequency modulated chirps.
Human Effector CD8+ T Lymphocytes Express TLR3 as a Functional Coreceptor (2006)

TLR are evolutionarily conserved molecules that play a key role in the initiation of innate antimicrobial immune responses. Through their influence on dendritic cell maturation, these receptors are also thought to indirectly shape the adaptive immune response. However, no data are currently available regarding both TLR expression and function in human CD8+ T cell subsets. We report that a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells, i.e., effector, but neither naive nor central memory cells, constitutively expresses TLR3. Moreover, the ligation of the receptor by a specific agonist in TLR3-expressing CD8+ T cells increased IFN-gamma secretion induced by TCR-dependent and -independent stimulation, without affecting proliferation or specific cytolytic activity. These results thereby suggest that TLR3 ligands can not only indirectly influence the adaptive immune response through modulation of dendritic cell activation, but also directly increase IFN-gamma production by Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Altogether, the present work might open new perspectives for the use of TLR ligands as adjuvants for immunotherapy.
On the products of group-magic graphs. (2006)

Let A be an abelian group. We call a graph G = (V,E) A–magic if there exists a labeling f : E(G) → A− {0} such that the induced vertex set labeling f+ : V (G) → A, defined by f+(v) = Σf(u, v) where the sum is over all (u, v) ∈ E(G), is a constant map. For four classical products, we examine the A–magic property of the resulting graph obtained from the product of two A–magic graphs.
Smectic-<i>O</i>films (1990)

An optical study of the smectic-O films which float on the free surface of droplets of racemate MHTAC [1(methyl)-heptyl-terephtalidene-bis-amino cinnamate] in the isotropic phase, is presented. It allows us to elucidate the herringbone structure of the molecules in this original liquid-crystal phase, and to estimate the dipole moment (\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ D) that the molecules bear in the first smectic layer in contact with the air.
Replica Method for Examining Surface Profiles (1959)

A nondestructive method for the light microscope examination of surface profiles by means of replicas has been developed. The method has been applied to the examination of the surfaces of gear teeth. Possible extension of the method to electron microscope examination of the profiles of nearly smooth surfaces is described.
SPECT/CT Evaluation of Unusual Physiologic Radioiodine Biodistributions: Pearls and Pitfalls in Image Interpretation (2013)

Radioiodine imaging has a well-established role in depicting metastatic disease after thyroidectomy in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Uptake of radioiodine in thyroid metastases depends on expression of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) by tumor tissues. However, because radioiodine may also accumulate in normal structures and tissues, it is important to distinguish physiologic radioiodine activity from metastatic disease. Furthermore, secretions that contain radioiodine may also simulate pathologic uptake. A spectrum of physiologic distributions, normal variants, and benign mimics of disease have been described in the literature; yet, even when armed with a comprehensive knowledge of these patterns, interpreting radiologists and nuclear physicians may still encounter diagnostic uncertainty. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with integrated computed tomography (CT) is a novel technology that, when applied to diagnostic iodine 123 or iodine 131 ((131)I) radioiodine scintigraphy, may accurately localize and help distinguish benign mimics of disease, with the potential to alter the management plan. SPECT/CT is increasingly being used with radioiodine scintigraphy to evaluate patients with thyroid cancer and shows promise for improving imaging specificity and reducing false-positive results.
Computational identification of ubiquitylation sites from protein sequences (2008)

We have proposed an algorithm IPMA for mining informative physicochemical properties from protein sequences to build an SVM-based prediction system UbiPred. UbiPred can predict ubiquitylation sites accompanied with a prediction score each to help biologists in identifying promising sites for experimental verification. UbiPred has been implemented as a web server and is available at http://iclab.life.nctu.edu.tw/ubipred.
A New Method for Frequency-Division Multiplexing, and Its Integration with Time-Division Switching (1965)

A new method to achieve frequency-division multiplexing has been determined. The basis of this method is a new heterodyning scheme, which operates in conjunction with a generalized concept of resonant transfer. Besides achieving frequency-division multiplexing, these concepts, in combination with time-division switching, are the basis for a system that seems to be more economical than conventional combinations of these capabilities. Such a combination is required to effect time-division switching into and out of frequency-divided trunk lines. The basic reason that this integrated system offers the potential of such economy is that the time-division switches are made to serve two purposes. In addition to performing their normal switching function, they also serve a purpose in the frequency multiplexing and demultiplexing operations. Laboratory analysis and development have thus far validated the feasibility of these concepts.
Scattering-matrix elements of coated infinite-length cylinders (1998)

The angular variations of scattering-matrix elements of coated cylindrical particles are presented. The sensitivity of different elements for a number of physical parameters are discussed, including size parameter, real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the outer coat, and the inner core. The numerical predictions are presented for typical index-of-refraction values of cotton fibers. These results show that the physical structure of coated cylinders can be determined from carefully conducted light-scattering experiments.
Assisted resonance (1974)

The concept of Assisted Resonance was developed by Parkin to meet the need for longer reverberation time at low frequencies in the Royal Festival Hall, London. The work of Schroeder and Kutruff influenced Parkin to believe that an ideal system would have frequency-selective positive feedback channels at a uniform 3-Hz interval. A more recent installation at the University of York, England, initially used a constant percentage spacing of 4%, i.e., 18 channels per octave. The final installation used a 2% spacing in the 1000-Hz band, but 72 channels sufficed to cover the frequency range from 70 to 921 Hz. The RT is increased from 1 to 2.2 sec in the 125-Hz octave and from 0.7 to 1.35 sec in the 1000-Hz octave. Experience has emphasised the importance of relating energy supplied by the system to the desired increase in RT. It has also demonstrated the importance of the 125- and 250-Hz bands in generating “warmth” and that of the 500- and 1000-Hz bands in generating roundness in the melodic line. The first installation in the U.S. will be in Concord, California, where a 3500-seat pavilion is in course of construction.
48. The separation of β-picoline, γ-picoline, and 2 : 6-lutidine from their mixture (1940)

A. G. Lidstone, J. Chem. Soc., 1940, 241 DOI: 10.1039/JR9400000241
Drift in film thickness uniformity arising from sputtering target recrystallization (1989)

Crystallographic texture in sputtering targets determines the emission trajectory of the sputtered atoms and significantly influences the film thickness uniformity chracteristics of the sputtering source. Therefore, it is important that the target’s crystallographic texture remain stable at the operating temperature over the entire life of the target. Measurements of drift in deposited aluminum film thickness uniformity are reported and shown to be due to target recrystallization. X‐ray diffraction pole figure measurements are used to determine the crystallographic texture of the sputtering target. During sputtering strong initial 〈110〉 target textures rotate into 〈100〉 ‘‘cube’’ target textures as the target recrystallizes, degrading the deposited film thickness uniformity. The target operating temperature is varied independent of the sputtering system operating power by changing the target cooling conditions. Increasing the amount of cold work in the target prior to sputtering or increasing the target operating temperature increases the propensity for the target to undergo recrystallization. Target recrystallization can be a significant source of thickness uniformity variation in production sputtering operations.
On Using Holograms for Test Glasses (1970)

Holograms have been made of test glass surfaces and later used in place of the test glass to evaluate optics. The reconstructed virtual image of the test glass surface is superimposed on the surface of the optic to be evaluated and the resulting interference rings interpreted with regard to power error and irregularity. This paper describes the technique used to produce and employ such holograms for both positive and negative surfaces.
CHUK, a new member of the helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper families of interacting proteins, contains a serine-threonine kinase catalytic domain. (1995)

We have identified a new member of the helix-loop-helix (H-L-H) and leucine zipper gene families via a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based strategy. This new gene, CHUK (conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase), may represent the founding member of a new class of interacting chimeric proteins. The nucleotide sequence of a near full-length murine CHUK cDNA clone revealed an encoded polypeptide specifying: a carboxyl-terminal H-L-H domain, an amino terminal serine-threonine kinase catalytic domain, and a leucine zipper-like amphipathic alpha-helix juxtaposed in between the H-L-H and kinase domains. CHUK is highly conserved in evolution and ubiquitously expressed in diverse types of established cell lines, whereas it is differentially expressed in normal murine tissues. The structural features of the CHUK polypeptide suggest that its putative kinase activity may be targetted to H-L-H and/or leucine zipper transcription factors. Alternatively, the dual amphipathic a helices may serve to control its intrinsic kinase activity by interactions with other cellular factors. CHUK may provide new insights into the regulated transmission of cytoplasmic signals to specific nuclear factors manifesting rapid alterations in patterns of cellular gene expression.
Smoking Deaths Soar in Central and Eastern Europe (1995)

Journal Article Smoking Deaths Soar in Central and Eastern Europe Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 18, 20 September 1995, Pages 1348–1349, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.18.1348 Published: 20 September 1995
p90 Ribosomal S6 kinases play a significant role in early gene regulation in the cardiomyocyte response to Gq-protein-coupled receptor stimuli, endothelin-1 and α1-adrenergic receptor agonists (2012)

ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and their substrates RSKs (p90 ribosomal S6 kinases) phosphorylate different transcription factors, contributing differentially to transcriptomic profiles. In cardiomyocytes ERK1/2 are required for >70% of the transcriptomic response to endothelin-1. In the present study we investigated the role of RSKs in the transcriptomic responses to the G(q)-protein-coupled receptor agonists endothelin-1, phenylephrine (a generic α(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist) and A61603 (α(1A)-adrenergic receptor selective). Phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-RSKs appeared in cardiomyocyte nuclei within 2-3 min of stimulation (endothelin-1>A61603≈phenylephrine). All agonists increased nuclear RSK2, but only endothelin-1 increased the nuclear RSK1 content. PD184352 (inhibits ERK1/2 activation) and BI-D1870 (inhibits RSKs) were used to dissect the contribution of RSKs to the endothelin-1-responsive transcriptome. Of the 213 RNAs up-regulated after 1 h, 51% required RSKs for their up-regulation, whereas 29% required ERK1/2 but not RSKs. The transcriptomic response to phenylephrine overlapped with, but was not identical with, endothelin-1. As with endothelin-1, PD184352 inhibited the up-regulation of most phenylephrine-responsive transcripts, but the greater variation in the effects of BI-D1870 suggests that differential RSK signalling influences global gene expression. A61603 induced similar changes in RNA expression in cardiomyocytes as phenylephrine, indicating that the signal was mediated largely through α(1A)-adrenergic receptors. A61603 also increased expression of immediate early genes in perfused adult rat hearts and, as in cardiomyocytes, up-regulation of the majority of genes was inhibited by PD184352. PD184352 or BI-D1870 prevented the increased surface area induced by endothelin-1 in cardiomyocytes. Thus RSKs play a significant role in regulating cardiomyocyte gene expression and hypertrophy in response to G(q)-protein-coupled receptor stimulation.
The Oxford desk dictionary (1996)

Oxford has long been renowned as the leading dictionary-maker of the English-speaking world, publisher of the redoubtable 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary and the highly acclaimed two-volume New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary . But while these monumental works are ideal for people who want the best resources on English available, they are too much dictionary for people whose reference needs are simpler or who want a dictionary they can carry with them. Now Oxford introduces The Oxford Desk Dictionary , a perfect volume for the casual user. Light and portable, it fits easily in an attach 'e case or backpack. Founded on the authority of the renowned Oxford Dictionary Department's vast database, and newly edited specifically for the USA by noted American lexicographer Laurence Urdang, this convenient volume packs a remarkable amount of information in a small package. Its features include: * More than 100,000 entries - the broadest coverage available in this size dictionary * The latest new words and senses, including many found in no other dictionary of any size, plus thousands of colloquial and slang expressions * Coverage of technical terms from computer science, medicine, technology, and business * Up-to-date geographical and biographical entries * A single alphabetical arrangement for all the entries, including prefixes, suffixes, and abbreviations; foreign words and phrases; and biographical and geographical names * More than two hundred line drawings illustrating selected words * Complete, precise, and easy-to-use pronunciation key * Plus quick-reference tables of weights and measures, metric equivalents, signs and symbols, chemical elements, ZIP codes and area codes, and much more Portable, affordable, and authoritative, The Oxford Desk Dictionary will be the first choice for those who need a dictionary for ready use and for anyone on the go.
Analysis of delta-sigma modulators with bandlimited Gaussian inputs (2003)

Delta-sigma modulation is gaining widespread use as a monolithic analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion technique in a wide variety of applications. The behavior of delta-sigma modulators depends on the statistics and nature of the input signal. The behavior of the circuit is input-amplitude-dependent, due to the nonlinearity (two-level quantizer). The nonlinear behavior of high-order delta-sigma modulators with bandlimited Gaussian inputs is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The PDP Perspective (1987)

What makes people smarter than computers? These volumes by a pioneering neurocomputing group suggest that the answer lies in the massively parallel architecture of the human mind. They describe a new theory of cognition called connectionism that is challenging the idea of symbolic computation that has traditionally been at the center of debate in theoretical discussions about the mind. The authors' theory assumes the mind is composed of a great number of elementary units connected in a neural network. Mental processes are interactions between these units which excite and inhibit each other in parallel rather than sequential operations. In this context, knowledge can no longer be thought of as stored in localized structures; instead, it consists of the connections between pairs of units that are distributed throughout the network. Volume 1 lays the foundations of this exciting theory of parallel distributed processing, while Volume 2 applies it to a number of specific issues in cognitive science and neuroscience, with chapters describing models of aspects of perception, memory, language, and thought.