gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steady State Analysis Of The Variable Speed Switched Reluctance Motor Drive (1987)

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive has recently received attention mainly because of its simple motor construction and unidirectional converter requirement. The principle of operation of the motor drive demands that the motor and converter be treated as one unit. Little has been done to develop a complete analysis of this motor-converter combination 1'2. This paper presents an approach to the steady state analysis of the SRM drive including the effects of stator winding resistance, input filter dynamics and snubber circuits which are often neglected. The analysis yields phase current waveforms providing guidelines to the optimal design of the converter and motor. A novel single-switch-per phase converter developed by one of the authors is used. The approach can be used for any other motor-converter combination.
Real-time thresholding using histogram concavity (image processing) (2003)

In this paper, the authors present a method of generating a real-time threshold for each incoming image frame using the histogram concavity technique. A real-time histogram hardware unit is built to facilitate such approach. The system can determine the optimal threshold value once the frame is obtained, and it takes about 10 ms to work out this value.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of diesel generation at Hawaiian electric substations for power system support (2006)

Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO) is applying distributed generation to help satisfy growing peak system loads on the Island of Oahu until a new bulk power plant is operational in the 2009 timeframe. This paper discusses the interconnection issues associated with applying 4.92 MW diesel engine-based distributed generation plants at several substations for bulk system support. From a DG perspective these are large units installed at relatively small substations, so there are several issues of concern including the impact of generator fault current contributions, ground fault overvoltage issues on the 46 kV transmission lines feeding the substations, the potential for islanding, the possibility for ferroresonance, stability issues, and the generator's impact on distribution system voltage regulation. A study of these issues was performed to identify any problems and solutions to allow for successful system generator integration. The study showed that the units could be successfully applied, however, significant modifications to the HECO protective relaying, the station load tap changer settings, and use of carefully coordinated settings of the DG protection were necessary to avoid several identified potential problems. The distributed generation plants were commissioned in the fall and winter of 2005 and have been successfully operated for system support. The project serves as an example of how DG can be used for power system support, but also highlights the care that must be exercised in any large scale DG interconnection of this type
Theatres--the power and the gory? (1993)

It is over ten years since the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta Georgia became aware of the first cases of what has now been recognised as the global pandemic of AIDS. There have now been reports from over 170 countries and the World Health Organisation estimates that 13 million people have been infected by the virus. This new threat has created enormous challenges for all health care workers; in addition to being a newly recognised disease the issues raised by HIV and AIDS touch upon every taboo in our society. Traditionally these are issues which have been badly handled by many healthcare workers. Of these the most obvious is death and dying of young people (25% of people with HIV are under 24 years old), but they also include drug use and the old chestnuts of sex and sexuality. The disease has tested the strengths of both individuals and organisations. All too often the cracks have shown.
A Review on Various Uses of N-Acetyl Cysteine. (2016)

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), as a nutritional supplement, is a greatly applied antioxidant <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. NAC is a precursor of L-cysteine that results in glutathione elevation biosynthesis. It acts directly as a scavenger of free radicals, especially oxygen radicals. NAC is a powerful antioxidant. It is also recommended as a potential treatment option for different disorders resulted from generation of free oxygen radicals. Additionally, it is a protected and endured mucolytic drug that mellows tenacious mucous discharges. It has been used for treatment of various diseases in a direct action or in a combination with some other medications. This paper presents a review on various applications of NAC in treatment of several diseases.
Agglomeration of Milk Powder and Its Influence on Reconstitution Properties (1968)

Powder granulation involving rewetting, granulation, drying', and screening has been used to simulate commercial instantizing of nonfat dried milk (NteDM). Effects of rewetting moisture on dispersibility, sinkability, solubility, bulk density, and porosity of the redried granulated product bare been studied, with effects of particle size on reeonstitution. Rewetting moisture is most critical in actual granule formation, a sharp break point occurring at 11-12% moisture, and optinmm conditions for reconstitution coinciding with this point. Granulation increased dispersibility of powder from 41 to 62% at optinmm rewetting conditions, whereas beyond the break point there occurred a sharp decrease in dispersibility and solubility. Optimum particle or granule size for the reconstitution has been determined by sieve fractionation of the granulated product. Particle size of 200 > represented optinmm dispersibility associated with infinite sinkability. Two major variables influencing reeonstitution of instantized NFD.K are rewetting moisture and particle size of the redried product.
Multiscale numerical method for nonlinear Maxwell equations (2005)

The aim of this work is to propose an efficient numerical approximation of high frequency pulses propagating in nonlinear dispersive optical media. We consider the nonlinear Maxwell's equations with instantaneous nonlinearity. We first derive a physically and asymptotically equivalent model that is semi-linear. Then, for a large class of semi-linear systems, we describe the solution in terms of profiles. These profiles are solution of a singular equation involving one more variable describing the phase of the solution. We introduce a discretization of this equation using finite differences in space and time and an appropriate Fourier basis (with few elements) for the phase. The main point is that accurate solution of the nonlinear Maxwell equation can be computed with a mesh size of order of the wave length. This approximation is asymptotic-preserving in the sense that a multi-scale expansion can be performed on the discrete solution and the result of this expansion is a discretization of the continuous limit. In order to improve the computational delay, computations are performed in a window moving at the group velocity of the pulse. The second harmonic generation is used as an example to illustrate the proposed methodology. However, the numerical method proposed for this benchmark study can be applied to many other cases of nonlinear optics with high frequency pulses.
A Survey of Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks (2019)

The development of the complexity and connectivity of modern automobiles has caused a massive rise in the security risks of in-vehicle networks (IVNs). Nevertheless, existing IVN designs (e.g., controller area network) lack cybersecurity consideration. Intrusion detection, an effective method for defending against cyberattacks on IVNs while providing functional safety and real-time communication guarantees, aims to address this issue. Therefore, the necessity of its research has risen. In this paper, an IVN environment is introduced, and the constraints and characteristics of an intrusion detection system (IDS) design for IVNs are presented. A survey of the proposed IDS designs for the IVNs is conducted, and the corresponding drawbacks are highlighted. Various optimization objectives are considered and comprehensively compared. Lastly, the trend, open issues, and emerging research directions are described.
Understanding mechanisms of hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (2016)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that predominately affects women of reproductive age. Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor that is prevalent in this patient population. Despite the high incidence of hypertension in women with SLE, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension remain poorly understood. This review will focus on disease-related factors, including inflammation, autoantibodies, and sex hormones that may contribute to hypertension in patients with SLE. In addition, we will highlight studies performed by our laboratory using the female NZBWF1 (F1 hybrid of New Zealand Black and New Zealand White strains) mouse model, a spontaneous model of SLE that mimics human disease and develops hypertension and renal injury. Specifically, using female NZBWF1 mice, we have demonstrated that multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, including the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, oxidative stress, as well as B-cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production.
Hydrogen Gas Improves Survival Rate and Organ Damage in Zymosan-Induced Generalized Inflammation Model (2010)

Sepsis/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Recently, it has been suggested that hydrogen gas (H2) exerts a therapeutic antioxidant activity by selectively reducing hydroxyl radical (•OH, the most cytotoxic reactive oxygen species). We have found that H2 inhalation significantly improved the survival rate and organ damage of septic mice with moderate or severe cecal ligation and puncture. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 2% H2 treatment on survival rate and organ damage in zymosan (ZY)-induced generalized inflammation model. Here, we found that 2% H2 inhalation for 60 min starting at 1 and 6 h after ZY injection, respectively, significantly improved the 14-day survival rate of ZY-challenged mice from 10% to 70%. Furthermore, ZY-challenged mice showed significant multiple organ damage characterized by the increase in serum biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine), as well as lung, liver, and kidney histopathological scores at 24 h after ZY injection, which was significantly attenuated by 2% H2 treatment. In addition, we found that the beneficial effects of H2 treatment on ZY-induced organ damage were associated with the decreased levels of oxidative product, increased activities of antioxidant enzyme, and reduced levels of early and late proinflammatory cytokines in serum and tissues. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that H2 treatment protects against multiple organ damages in ZY-induced generalized inflammation model, suggesting the potential use of H2 as a therapeutic agent in the therapy of conditions associated with inflammation-related multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
The Variations of Groundwater Quality and Its Relationship with Human Activity (2007)

The groundwater is the main water resources in karst areas.It is also one of the most important basic aspects in supporting the social economic development.The groundwater quality is affected by human activity to a large extent due to its intrinsic vulnerability.Based on more than 20 years' hydrochemical data,taking Ji'nan spring basin as an example,the variations of groundwater chemistry and its relationship with human activity are analyzed.The results show that the groundwater has been deteriorated during the past 20 years.The groundwater quality varies not only in different areas but also in different time under the pressure of human activity.The groundwater quality in the east suburb is worse than that of the west and the centre and is deteriorating more rapidly.With the land use change and the enhancement of human activity,the groundwater pollution index rises from the indirect recharge area via the direct recharge area to the discharge area.The same variation happens from upper reaches to lower reaches in Daxin river basin,a typical karst area in the east of Ji'nan spring basin where the patterns of land use and human activity changes apparently.There is a close relationship between the groundwater and land use change and human activity.Therefore it is necessary to rearrange the patterns of land use and prevent the groundwater from polluting caused by unreasonable human activity in order to realize the sustainable utilization of karst water resources and to protect the famous spring-scape in Ji'nan.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H Imidoylation for the Synthesis of Six-Membered N-Heterocycles (2015)

A new strategy for the construction of phenanthridine and isoquinoline scaffolds, starting from arenes containing a pending isocyanide moiety under palladium catalysis, has been developed. This process involves sequential intermolecular isocyanide insertion to an aryl palladium(II) intermediate and intramolecular aromatic C-H activation as key steps. Alkyl palladium(II) intermediate lacking β-hydrogen is also applicable to this reaction, generating unique bisheterocyclic scaffolds with three C-C bonds being formed consecutively.
Die binären Systeme aus den Bromiden der Alkali‐ und Erdalkalimetalle (1917)

Gber das Verhalten von Chloriden bei der Ausscheidung aus ihren binaren Schmelzen liegt schon eine Reihe von Untersuchungenl vor,
Transdermal clonidine reduced some withdrawal symptoms but did not increase smoking cessation (1992)

<h3>Background.—</h3> Clonidine may be useful in controlling tobacco withdrawal and in facilitating smoking cessation. This study was developed to test the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in promoting smoking cessation. <h3>Methods.—</h3> We conducted a five-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of transdermal clonidine in conjunction with a minimal behavioral intervention for smoking cessation. The intervention was based on the American Lung Association's<i>Freedom From Smoking</i>program. Self report of not smoking was validated with exhaled air carbon monoxide of less than 8 ppm and salivary cotinine of less than 20 ng/mL. Transdermal clonidine therapy began 1 week before the target quit date: 0.1 mg/24 h for the first 4 days increasing to 0.2 mg/24 h for the next 3 days, if the lower dose was tolerated. The highest tolerated dose was then continued for 6 weeks after target quit day. Withdrawal symptoms were measured daily for the first 7 days after target quit day. <h3>Results.—</h3> A total of 213 patients were enrolled (106 active drug and 107 placebo). During the study, 15.5% of patients had drug therapy discontinued due to adverse effects, 24.5% (26/106) taking active drug vs 8.4% (9/107) receiving placebo. There was a significant reduction in anxiety score from 3.0 to 2.4 (placebo vs active) and irritability score from 2.2 to 1.7 (placebo vs active) during the first week after cessation. There was no reduction in other withdrawal symptoms. The overall 12-week abstinence rate was 33.0% (35/106) in the active drug group vs 34.5% (37/107) in the placebo group (not significant). <h3>Conclusion.—</h3> This study demonstrated some reduction in early withdrawal symptoms with the use of a clonidine transdermal patch, but no increase in cessation rate, 6 weeks after medication had been discontinued. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1992;152:2065-2069)
SATIRE: A new incremental satisfiability engine (2002)

We introduce SATIRE, a new satisfiability solver that is particular-ly suited to verification and optimization problems in electronic de-sign automation. SATIRE builds on the most recent advances in satisfiability research, and includes two new features to achieve even higher performance: a facility for incrementally solving sets of related problems, and the ability to handle non-CNF constraints. We provide experimental evidence showing the effectiveness of these additions to classical satisfiability solvers.
An evidence-based approach to emergency department management of acute urinary retention. (2014)

Approximately 10% of men in their 70s and 33% of men in their 80s report at least 1 episode of acute urinary retention, and this urological emergency presents unique assessment and treatment challenges in the emergency department setting. Patients presenting with acute urinary retention are often in severe pain and require urgent diagnosis and prompt treatment. The differential diagnosis of acute urinary retention is vast, with some causes leading to permanent impairment if not dealt with in a timely manner. Quick recognition of the cause and timely bladder decompression are of utmost importance in preventing morbidity and relieving pain. This review analyzes the etiology, key historical and physical findings, differential diagnosis, and diagnostic studies for acute urinary retention in both men and women. Treatment algorithms for men and women, current controversies regarding urinary catheter usage, and recommendations on criteria for disposition are also presented.
Online Information Seeking Behaviour of Faculty and Research Scholars on E-resources of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India (2018)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affect the optimum use and utilization of various e-resources by faculty and research scholars at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, UP. The study mainly focused on the preferred information sources and methods to access electronic information. The study describes in brief, the e-resources, and their types, etc. The objectives, scope and research methodology of the study are clearly expanded. For this purpose, the researchers prepared a well-structured questionnaire as a tool for data collection and the same responses were subjected to mathematical and statistical analysis.
Soya phytoestrogens, genistein and daidzein, decrease apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells through multiple mechanisms (2002)

Diets containing the soya-derived phytoestrogens, genistein and daidzein, decrease plasma cholesterol in humans and experimental animals. The mechanisms responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effects of these isoflavones are unknown. The present study was conducted to determine if genistein and daidzein regulate hepatocyte cholesterol metabolism and apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion in cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. ApoB secretion was decreased dose-dependently by up to 63% and 71% by genistein and daidzein (100 microM; P<0.0001) respectively. In contrast, no effect on apoAI secretion was observed. Cellular cholesterol synthesis was inhibited 41% by genistein (100 microM; P<0.005) and 18% by daidzein (100 microM; P<0.05), which was associated with significant increases in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mRNA. Cellular cholesterol esterification was decreased 56% by genistein (100 microM; P<0.04) and 29% by daidzein (100 microM; P<0.04); however, mRNA levels for acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) 1 and ACAT2 were unaffected. At 100 microM, both isoflavones equally inhibited the activities of both forms of ACAT in cells transfected with either ACAT1 or ACAT2. Genistein (100 microM) and daidzein (100 microM) significantly decreased the activity of microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP) by 30% and 24% respectively, and significantly decreased MTP mRNA levels by 35% and 55%. Both isoflavones increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor mRNA levels by 3- to 6-fold (100 microM; P<0.03) and significantly increased the binding, uptake and degradation of (125)I-labelled LDL, suggesting that enhanced reuptake of newly secreted apoB-containing lipoproteins contributed to the net decrease in apoB secretion. These results indicate that genistein and daidzein inhibit hepatocyte apoB secretion through several mechanisms, including inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and esterification, inhibition of MTP activity and expression and increased expression of the LDL-receptor.
Thyroid status in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) (1987)

Thyroid function was investigated in a group of 21 patients with severe senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and in a group of 17 age and sex matched normal controls. Free thyroid hormone levels (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured, as were also the thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)). When compared to controls, patients demonstrated a significantly lower free T3 value (but not free T4), a blunted TSH response to TRH, slightly elevated basal PRL and GH values and a small GH response to TRH. However, all differences were small in biological terms and were within the laboratory's normal range. This emphasizes the relative normality of neuroendocrine function, particularly thyroid status, in SDAT.
Interactive computer-based instruction: Basic material control and accounting demonstration (1993)

The use of interactive, computer-based training (CBT) courses can be a time- and resource-saving alternative to formal instruction in a classroom milieu. With CBT, students can proceed at their own pace, fit the study course into their schedule, and avoid the extra time and effort involved in travel and other special arrangements. The demonstration given here is an abbreviated, annotated version of a recently developed course in basic material control and accounting designed for the MC and A novice. The system used is ``Quest`` which includes multi-media capabilities, individual scoring, and built-in result-reporting capabilities for the course administrator. Efficient instruction and training are more important than ever because of the growing numbers of relatively inexperienced persons becoming active in safeguards.
Flow-Volume Relationship at Low Lung Volumes in Healthy Term Newborn Infants (1978)

To describe the maximum expiratory flow-volume relationship in newborn infants, we simulated forced expiration by transiently applying positive pressure in a chamber surrounding the infant's body. Maximum expiratory flows were reached at any given lung volume when increases in chamber pressure failed to produce increases in flow. Maximum expiratory flows were achieved in seven of nine healthy newborn infants at lung volumes equal to functional residual capacity (FRC) and in all infants at lung volumes below FRC. The volume expired below FRC (6.4 ml/kg) was roughly equivalent to previously calculated values of expiratory reserve volume in newborn infants (7 ml/kg). The maximum expiratory flow volume curves showed that the infants were able to increase expiratory flow rates well above those achieved during tidal breathing. The convex shape of the curves at low lung volumes is compatible with flow limitation occurring in peripheral airways.