gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Mammalian Vertebrates: Distinct Models to Assess the Role of Ion Gradients in Energy Expenditure (2017)

Animals store metabolic energy as electrochemical gradients. At least 50% of mammalian energy is expended to maintain electrochemical gradients across the inner mitochondrial membrane (H<sup>+</sup>), the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca<sup>++</sup>), and the plasma membrane (Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>). The potential energy of these gradients can be used to perform work (e.g., transport molecules, stimulate contraction, and release hormones) or can be released as heat. Because ectothermic species adapt their body temperature to the environment, they are not constrained by energetic demands that are required to maintain a constant body temperature. In fact, ectothermic species expend seven to eight times less energy than similarly sized homeotherms. Accordingly, ectotherms adopt low metabolic rates to survive cold, hypoxia, and extreme bouts of fasting that would result in energy wasting, lactic acidosis and apoptosis, or starvation in homeotherms, respectively. Ectotherms have also evolved unique applications of ion gradients to allow for localized endothermy. Endothermic avian species, which lack brown adipose tissue, have been integral in assessing the role of H<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>++</sup> cycling in skeletal muscle thermogenesis. Accordingly, the diversity of non-mammalian vertebrate species allows them to serve as unique models to better understand the role of ion gradients in heat production, metabolic flux, and adaptation to stressors, including obesity, starvation, cold, and hypoxia.
Ultrasonic Measurement and Influence of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Fatigue and Engineering Behavior of Medium and High Strength Steels (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An automatic computerized ultrasonic cleanliness rating system for measuring nonmetallic inclusion content of semifinished materials such as steel billets is described and discussed with regard to its function and reliability. Correlative studies relating inclusion areas as measured by light microscopy and magnetic particle inspection were within reasonable agreement with inclusion areas assessed ultrasonically.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To further provide design engineers with material quality acceptance standards that are related to mechanical behavior, mechanical tests were performed on high strength (280 ksi ultimate) steel exemplifying various ultrasonic cleanliness levels. A significant impairment in ductility (percent reduction of area) is encountered with increasing ultrasonic inclusion severity. Uniaxial fatigue under unidirectional and reversed loading conditions is markedly influenced in proportion to the ultrasonic signature number. Impact and fracture toughness parameters are sensitive to a lesser degree.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF POTASSIUM HEXACHLORORUTHENATE(III) AND POTASSIUM TETRACHLOROMONO(BIPYRIDINE)RUTHENATE(III) AND THE ANALOGOUS MONO(PHENANTHROLINE) COMPLEX (1975)

Abstract Durch Rückflußkochen von RuCl 3 in Methanol unter Wasserstoff wurde nach Zugabe von KCl Kaliumhexachlororuthenat mit 72% Ausbeute gefällt.
Molecular Alterations of TP53 are a Defining Feature of Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (2015)

The Cancer Genome Atlas has reported that 96% of ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) have TP53 somatic mutations suggesting that mutation of this gene is a defining feature of this neoplasm. In the current study, 5 gynecologic pathologists independently evaluated hematoxylin and eosin slides of 14 available cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas classified as HGSC that lacked a TP53 mutation. The histologic diagnoses rendered by these pathologists and the accompanying molecular genetic data are the subject of this report. Only 1 case (Case 5), which contained a homozygous deletion of TP53, had unanimous interobserver agreement for a diagnosis of pure HGSC. In 1 case (Case 3), all 5 observers (100%) rendered a diagnosis of HGSC; however, 3 observers (60%) noted that the histologic features were not classic for HGSC and suggested this case may have arisen from a low-grade serous carcinoma (arisen from an alternate pathway compared with the usual HGSC). In 2 cases (Cases 4 and 12), only 3 observers (60%) in each case, respectively, interpreted it as having a component of HGSC. In the remaining 10 (71%) of tumors (Cases 1, 2, 6-11, 13, and 14), the consensus diagnosis was not HGSC, with individual diagnoses including low-grade serous carcinoma, high-grade endometrioid carcinoma, HGSC, metastatic carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, atypical proliferative (borderline) serous tumor, and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. Therefore, 13 (93%) of the tumors (Cases 1-4 and 6-14) were either not a pure HGSC or represented a diagnosis other than HGSC, all with molecular results not characteristic of HGSC. Accordingly, our review of the TP53 wild-type HGSCs reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas suggests that 100% of de novo HGSCs contain TP53 somatic mutations or deletions, with the exception of the rare HGSCs that develop from a low-grade serous tumor precursor. We, therefore, propose that lack of molecular alterations of TP53 are essentially inconsistent with the diagnosis of ovarian HGSC and that tumors diagnosed as such should be rigorously reassessed to achieve correct classification.
Chemically Assisted Focused ION Beam Micromachining: Overview, Recent Developments and Current Needs (2001)

Abstract Recent developments in FIB have included optics and automation improvements as well as technique development. in the past decade, ion beam optics have improved rapidly to the point where the beam size and profile does not dramatically limit its use in many applications ranging from failure analysis to manufacturing. Developments in FIB can therefore focus on techniques to increase removal rates, enhance selectivity and improve surface finish. in this work we present various efforts to improve FIB micromachining using chemical enhancement, where the incident ions initiate chemical reactions with surface adsorbates; and using geometrical optimization of milling patterns. Chemical enhanced FIB micromachining (CE-FIBM) techniques include the use of water vapor to improve FIB micromachining of various materials including polymers, integrated circuits and diamond as well as the use of various halogen based (F, Cl and I) precursors for machining of materials ranging from Si to Fe-Ni alloys. The machining of a free edge provides a geometrical yield enhancement of more than 5 and, when combined with simultaneous chemical enhancement, can increase total yield by as much as 30 times. The major applications of FIB for preparing cross sectional analysis samples for FIB or SEM imaging, or for TEM analysis benefit in may ways from the specialized gas chemistry assistance methods developed over the past 10 years. Integrated circuit and MEMS device editing techniques have also been enhanced through the use of unique materials specific gas assisted FIB solutions.
Idest: Learning a Distributed Representation for Event Patterns (2015)

Sebastian Krause, Enrique Alfonseca, Katja Filippova, Daniele Pighin. Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2015.
Curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction associated with inhibition of gluconeogenesis in free fatty acid-mediated hepatic lipoapoptosis (2012)

Insulin resistance occurs in almost all patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mitochondrial dysfunction likely plays a pivotal role in the progression of fatty liver into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Curcumin is a compound derived from the spice turmeric, a spice that is a potent antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-hepatotoxic agent. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of curcumin to protect against the mitochondrial impairment induced by high free fatty acids (HFFAs) and to determine the underlying mechanism for this cytoprotection. Curcumin treatment inhibited the lipoapoptosis, ROS production and ATP depletion elicited by HFFA in primary hepatocytes. We demonstrate that curcumin effectively suppressed HFFA-induced production of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in hepatocytes. Not only did curcumin treatment increase mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in hepatocytes, but it also increased levels of transcriptional factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). In addition, curcumin contributed to cell survival, as indicated by the restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the inhibition of the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by HFFA. Furthermore, this cytoprotection resulted from curcumin-mediated downregulation of the NF-κB p65 subunit, thereby inhibiting lipoapoptosis. Together, these data suggest that curcumin protects hepatocytes from HFFA-induced lipoapoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, which partially occurs through the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Tannins and Related Polyphenols of Melastomataceous Plants. VII. Nobotanins J and K, Trimeric and Tetrameric Hydrolyzable Tannins from Heterocentron roseum. (1995)

Two new hydrolyzable tannins, nobotanins J and K, were isolated by a combination of column chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography from the leaf extract of Heterocentron roseum, and shown to have trimeric and tetrameric structures composed of combinations of the common monomeric units, casuarictin and pterocarinin C, on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.
Concatenated wavelet-based ring-TCM (2002)

A new coded modulation technique for signal sets designed combining wavelet functions and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) is presented. Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) is implemented using the ring of integers modulo-Q as the algebraic structure of the multilevel convolutional encoder. These schemes are suitable for adaptive time–frequency unequal error protection, multiple-access and multiplexing, as well as being effective replacements for existing schemes. Wavelet-based ring-TCM schemes and MQAM ring-TCM schemes are first presented, and then combined to constitute a concatenated ring-TCM scheme. The concatenated scheme shows a coding gain of around 8 dB over uncoded BPSK, and does not require iterative decoding.
Integrated multi-omics reveals anaplerotic insufficiency in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency (2022)

Abstract Multi-layered omics approaches can help define relationships between genetic factors, biochemical processes and phenotypes thus extending research of inherited diseases beyond identifying their monogenic cause 1 . We implemented a multi-layered omics approach for the inherited metabolic disorder methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). We performed whole genome sequencing, transcriptomic sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based proteotyping from matched primary fibroblast samples of 230 individuals (210 affected, 20 controls) and related the molecular data to 105 phenotypic features. Integrative analysis identified a molecular diagnosis for 84% (177/210) of affected individuals, the majority (148) of whom had pathogenic variants in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase ( MMUT ). Untargeted analysis of all three omics layers revealed dysregulation of the TCA cycle and surrounding metabolic pathways, a finding that was further corroborated by multi-organ metabolomics of a hemizygous Mmut mouse model. Integration of phenotypic disease severity indicated downregulation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and upregulation of glutamate dehydrogenase, two proteins involved in glutamine anaplerosis of the TCA cycle. The relevance of disturbances in this pathway was supported by metabolomics and isotope tracing studies which showed decreased glutamine-derived anaplerosis in MMA. We further identified MMUT to physically interact with both, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex components and glutamate dehydrogenase providing evidence for a multi-protein metabolon that orchestrates TCA cycle anaplerosis. This study emphasizes the utility of a multi-modal omics approach to investigate metabolic diseases and highlights glutamine anaplerosis as a potential therapeutic intervention point in MMA. Take home message Combination of integrative multi-omics technologies with clinical and biochemical features leads to an increased diagnostic rate compared to genome sequencing alone and identifies anaplerotic rewiring as a targetable feature of the rare inborn error of metabolism methylmalonic aciduria. Graphical abstract
Dipoles and the EEG (1991)

(1991). Dipoles and the EEG. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 119-121.
Evaluation of pilot-scale pulse-corona-induced plasma device to remove NO{sub x} from combustion exhausts from a subscale combustor and from a hush house at Nellis AFB, Nevada. Final report, August 1994--January 1997 (1997)

Jet engine test cells (JETCs) are used to test-fire new, installed, and reworked jet engines. Because JETCs have been classified as stationary sources of pollutant emissions, they are subject to possible regulation under Title 1 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended in 1990. In Phase 1 of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, a novel NOx-control approach utilizing pulsed-corona-induced plasma successfully showed 90% removal of NOx in the laboratory. The objective of Phase 2 was to reproduce the laboratory-scale results in a pilot-scale system. The technology was successfully demonstrated at pilot scale in the field, on a slipstream of JETC flue gas at Nellis Air Force Base. Based on the field data, cost projections were made for a system to treat the full JETC exhaust. The technology efficiently converted NO into ONO, and a wet scrubber was required to achieve the treatment goal of 50-percent removal and destruction of NOx. The plasma simultaneously removes hydrocarbons from the flue gas stream. This project demonstrated that pulse-corona-induced plasma technology is scalable to practical industrial dimensions.
Bio-array images processing and genetic networks modelling (2003)

The new tools available for gene expression studies are essentially the bio-array methods using a large variety of physical detectors (isotopes, fluorescent markers, ultrasound, ...). Here we present an image processing method independent of the detector type, dealing with the noise and with the peaks overlapping, the peaks revealing the detector activity (isotopic in the presented example), correlated with the gene expression. After this first step of image processing, we can extract information about causal influence (activation or inhibition) a gene can exert on other genes, leading to clusters of co-expression in which we extract an interaction matrix explaining the dynamics of coexpression correlated to the studied tissue function.
High-average-power diode-pumped solid-state laser for industrial applications (1995)

There are a number of ongoing programs, teaming LLNL and industry, directed toward commercial applications of diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSLs). Several programs, including direct optical lithography in the near UV, extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), and materials processing, share similar goals: demonstrating key solid-state laser technologies required for advanced manufacturing tools. These all share similar laser requirements. Specifically, the laser source must be capable of simultaneously producing high average power (300 to 500 W) at high repetition rates (700 Hz to 1.3 kHz) with high beam quality (less than several times the diffraction limit), good pointing stability, and pulse widths varying from (~10 ns to 1 μs).
Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria meningitidis share lipooligosaccharide epitopes but lack common capsular and class 1, 2, and 3 protein epitopes (1989)

Neisseria lactamica, a common human pharyngeal commensal, contributes to acquired immunity to Neisseria meningitidis. To define the surface antigens shared between these two species, we used monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to study 35 N. lactamica strains isolated in various parts of the world for cross-reactivity with meningococcal capsules, outer membrane proteins, and lipooligosaccharides (LOS). No N. lactamica strain reacted significantly with MAbs specific for capsular group A, B, C, Y, or W, and we were unable to extract capsular polysaccharide from them. Only 2 of 33 strains reacted weakly with MAbs against class 2 serotype proteins P2b and P2c. None reacted with MAbs specific for meningococcal class 1 protein P1.2 or P1.16 or class 2/3 serotype protein P2a or P15. Most N. lactamica strains (30 of 35) bound one or more of seven LOS-specific MAbs. Two LOS epitopes, defined by MAbs O6B4 and 3F11, that are commonly found on pathogenic Neisseria species were found on 25 of 35 N. lactamica. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that the LOS of N. lactamica are composed of multiple components that are physically and antigenically similar to the LOS of pathogenic Neisseria species. Among four other commensal neisserial species, only Neisseria cinerea shared LOS epitopes defined by MAbs O6B4 and 3F11. Previous studies have shown that pharyngeal colonization with N. lactamica induces bactericidal antibodies against the meningococcus. We postulate that shared N. lactamica and meningococcal LOS epitopes may play an important role in the development of natural immunity to the meningococcus.
Indomethacin injury to the rat small intestine is dependent upon biliary secretion and is associated with overgrowth of enterococci (2016)

NSAIDuse is limited due to the drugs' toxicity to the gastrointestinal mucosa, an action incompletely understood. Lower gut injury induced byNSAIDs is dependent on bile secretion and is reported to increase the growth of a number of bacterial species, including an enterococcal species,Enterococcus faecalis This study examined the relationships between indomethacin (INDO)-induced intestinal injury/bleeding, small bowel overgrowth (SBO) and dissemination of enterococci, and the contribution of bile secretion to these pathological responses. Rats received either a sham operation (SO) or bile duct ligation (BDL) prior to administration of two daily subcutaneous doses of saline orINDO, and 24 h later, biopsies of ileum and liver were collected for plating on selective bacterial media. Fecal hemoglobin (Hb) and blood hematocrit (Hct) were measured to assess intestinal bleeding. Of the four treatment groups, onlySO/INDOrats experienced a significant 10- to 30-fold increase in fecal Hb and reduction in Hct, indicating thatBDLattenuatedINDO-induced intestinal injury/bleeding. Ileal enterococcal colony-forming units were significantly increased (500- to 1000-fold) inSO/INDOrats. Of all groups, only theSO/INDOrats demonstrated gut injury, and this was associated with enterococcal overgrowth of the gut and dissemination to the liver. We also demonstrated thatINDO-induced intestinal injury andE. faecalisovergrowth was independent of the route of administration of the drug, as similar findings were observed in rats orally dosed with theNSAID Bile secretion plays an important role inINDO-induced gut injury and appears to support enterococcal overgrowth of the intestine.NSAID-induced enterococcalSBOmay be involved either as a compensatory response to gut injury or with the pathogenic process itself and the subsequent development of sepsis.
Protracted Superficial Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (2015)

O’Neil, Liam MD; Robinson, David MD; Hamza, Sate MD; El-Gabalawy, Hani MD Author Information
Analysis of Alternating Torque Characteristics of 2-Phase Servomotor under DC Component Contained Voltage Supply (1971)

The control phase of a 2-phase servomotor is often driven by an amplifier containing a DC component in the output.In this case, a torque alternating with the source frequency is produced and causes undesirable problems.In this paper, an equation is derived to calculate the alternating torque by using the equivalent circuit parameters.Experimental results with the sampled 2-phase servo motors are in good agreement with the calculation by using the above equation.The alternating torque characteristics of a 2-phase servomotor operating under the condition of containing DC component are calculated.These calculated results are compared with those of the case in which the torque alternates with double the source frequency due to the unbalanced mmf.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroaminonaphthols: Antihypertensive Agents, Calcium Channel Blockers, and Adrenergic Receptor Blockers with Catecholamine‐Depleting Effects. (1987)

Abstract Tetrahydroaminonaphthols such as (I) ‐ (III) are synthesized and biologically tested.
341 Transient Response Analysis of Sound and Vibration by FDTD method (2007)

This paper describes the transient response on the Finite difference time domain method (FDTD method) for sound and vibration phenomenon. Transient response analysis is not generally used in sound and vibration simulation. In this study, a simulation program is produced by using FDTD method which has been used in electromagnetic field for time domain method. A New technique for applying to sound and vibration phenomena is proposed. The usages of FDTD method analysis is compared to the frequency domain analysis. Finally, the benefit of analyzing transient response by FDTD method is shown.
Modeling, validation and control of manufacturing systems (2004)

In this paper we elaborate on the problem of supply chain control in semiconductor manufacturing. First, we introduce the problem. Next, we propose the use of effective processing times (which can be measured from real factory data) to arrive at 'simple' discrete-event models for manufacturing systems. We explain why existing models can not be used for solving the problem and explain the need for PDE-models that consider the flow of products as a compressible fluid flow. Next, we present a validation study in which we compare the response of the currently available PDE-models to the results of discrete-event simulation. We conclude the paper by analytically deriving a controller that solves the ramp-up problem. The resulting controller is often used in practice.
Group-velocity self-matching of femtosecond pulses in noncollinear parametric generation (1995)

We show that the parametric superfluorescence generated by a 200-fs pulse at 0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}m in a \ensuremath{\beta}-barium borate crystal occurs in directions, and at wavelengths, that minimize the group-velocity mismatch between pump and generated pulses. Favorable conditions for generation of tunable femtosecond pulses are found in noncollinear phase matching, a geometry of interaction which is worth exploiting in parametric devices.