gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The problems and management of excessive crying and fussing in infants]. (2006)

Excessive crying and fussing in young infants, often called "infantile colic", is a common and often serious problem for parents. It is also associated with infant sleep disturbance and possible disruptions in family life. As such, parents may undertake a variety of actions to stop excessive infant crying, some of which may be detrimental to infant health (e.g., physical shaking). Despite its potentially substantial negative health consequences, there remains no consensus regarding a definitive definition of excessive crying. Available definitions mostly focus on infant crying duration and its effect on parents. A number of different definitions, measurements, causes of crying, and settling management are presented in this article to help foster an understanding of this issue among nurses and to assist parents to cope effectively.
HER-2/neu Protein Expression in Breast Cancer Evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (2000)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used commonly for evaluating HER-2/neu protein expression in breast cancer. Given the potential clinical importance of HER-2/neu status in patient management, interlaboratory variability in HER-2/neu IHC results in a matter of legitimate concern. We compared the results from 2 laboratories for HER-2/neu determined by IHC on paraffin sections of the same 100 consecutive invasive breast cancers. Both laboratories used the same primary antibody; however, different methods for heat-induced epitope retrieval (microwave or steam) and immunostaining (automated equipment from different manufacturers) and different scoring systems (positive-negative and 0-4+) were used. Slides were read in a blinded fashion and the results from the 2 laboratories were compared. Of the 93 cases evaluable in both laboratories, 24% were scored as HER-2/neu-positive at 1 laboratory, and 23% were scored as positive at the other. Complete concordance in categorization of HER-2/neu status between the 2 laboratories was achieved in 90 of 93 cases. Excellent interlaboratory agreement for HER-2/neu IHC was attained using the same primary antibody to HER-2/neu, even without standardization of assay method or scoring criteria. However, standardization of these parameters remains an important objective to optimize interlaboratory agreement.
RITSim: distributed systemC simulation (2005)

Parallel or distributed simulation is becoming more than a novel way to speedup design evaluation; it is becoming necessary for simulating modern processors in a reasonable timeframe. As architectural features become faster, smaller, and more complex, designers are interested in obtaining detailed and accurate performance and power estimations. Uniprocessor simulators may not be able to meet such demands. The RITSim project uses SystemC to model a processor microarchitecture and memory subsystem in great detail. SystemC is a C++ library built on a discrete-event simulation kernel. Many projects have successfully implemented parallel discrete-event simulation (PDES) frameworks to distribute simulation among several hosts. The field promises significant simulation speedup, possibly leading to faster turnaround time in design space exploration and commercial production. However, parallel implementation of such simulators is not an easy task. It requires modification of the simulation kernel for effective partitioning and synchronization. This thesis explores PDES techniques and presents a distributed version of the SystemC simulation environment. With minimal user interaction, SystemC models can executed on a cluster of workstations using a message-passing library such as the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The implementation is designed for transparency; distribution and synchronization happen with little intervention by the model author. Modification of SystemC is fashioned to promote maintainability with future releases. Furthermore, only freely available libraries are used for maximum flexibility and portability.
Epitaxial growth of Al on Si(001) by sputtering (1991)

Epitaxy of Al deposited by sputtering on Si(001) substrates was investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy studies. Heat treatment during or after deposition and growth to greater thickness enlarged the Al grains in the film and made the epitaxial relationship more distinct. It is confirmed that the Al epitaxy formed by the sputtering method is as perfect as that by other techniques.
Pro-Alcohol-Use Social Environment and Alcohol Use among Female Sex Workers in China: Beyond the Effects of Serving Alcohol (2012)

The current study was designed to fill the literature gap by examining the roles of the pro-alcohol social environment in alcohol use among female sex workers (FSWs) in China. In this study, a total of 1,022 FSWs were recruited through community outreach from both alcohol-serving and nonalcohol-serving commercial sex venues in Guangxi, China. The pro-alcohol social environment was measured in four areas: institutional norms, institutional practices, risk perceptions and peer norms. The measures of the pro-alcohol social environment were significantly associated with the venues' alcohol-serving practices, with FSWs from those venues reporting a more positive pro-alcohol social environment than their counterparts from nonalcohol-serving venues. However, these pro-alcohol social environment measures were independently predictive of alcohol use after controlling for venues' alcoholserving practices and other demographic characteristics. Public health interventions need to target environmental-structural factors through altering pro-alcohol-use social norms and practices at both institutional and individual levels among FSWs in China.
Gain-Saturated Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Cascaded Electroabsorption Transceiver for Enhanced Remote Node Performance (2007)

A novel remote node (RN) scheme based on gain saturated reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (GS-RSOA) cascaded electroabsorption transceiver (EAT) is presented for linearization and reduction of dispersion induced carrier suppression (DICS) for uplink transmission. The help of gain saturation property of RSOA, the transfer curve of EAT can be linearized and transmission performance can be robust from DICS. By using the proposed scheme, carrier to interference ratio (CIR) was enhanced by 10.7 dB at the 10 GHz frequency band and 33.4 dB gain of 5.65 GHz RF frequency was measured for 75.6 km data transmission.
Reviews (2010)

Operator's Exercises: Open Form Film and Architecture, Columbia University Arthur Ross Architecture Gallery , Buell Hall, 30 March7 May 2010 Centre for Learning and Teaching in Art and Design (CLTAD) Conference: Challenging the Curriculum: exploring the discipline boundaries in art, design and media , Novotel Tiergarten Berlin, 12 & 13 April 2010
Capacitively and Inductively Foreshortened Cavities for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1971)

Two types of cylindrical reentrant cavities are described for magnetic resonance and ultrasonic applications in the 0.1–-1.0 GHz frequency region. The physical size of these cavities is reduced by introducing large capacitive and inductive elements into the cavity. Tuning, rf coupling, and temperature control techniques are described for operation at low temperatures.
Incubation of exogenous fatty acids with lymphocytes. Changes in fatty acid composition and effects on the rotational relaxation time of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (1980)

Lymphocytes were incubated with various long chain fatty acids bound to albumin. Incubation for 20 h with unsaturated fatty acids resulted in uptake into the neutral lipids and phospholipids. The addition of concanavalin A enhanced the uptake. With the unsaturated fatty acids the rotational relaxation time of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) was decreased, while with saturated fatty acids there was only a very small effect. The effect on the rotational relaxation times with unsaturated fatty acids was found to be due to the formation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. When plasma membrane free of lipid droplets was prepared, there was no effect on the rotational relaxation time despite incorporation of either linoleate or palmitate into the membrane phospholipids. Phospholipid liposomes prepared from plasma membranes obtained from cells which had been cultured with and without exogenous linoleate gave identical rotational relaxation times regardless of the history of the cells from which they were obtained. It is concluded that although the fatty acid composition of lymphocyte plasma membrane can be modified by exogenous fatty acids, there is little effect on the degree of order of the membrane phospholipid fatty acyl chains as monitored by the effects on the rotational relaxation time of DPH.
Artificial Protection Film on Lithium Metal Anode toward Long‐Cycle‐Life Lithium–Oxygen Batteries (2015)

An artificial while very stable solid electrolyte interphase film is formed on lithium metal using an electrochemical strategy. When this protected Li anode is first used in a Li-O2 battery, the film formed on the anode can effectively suppress the parasitic reactions on the Li anode/electrolyte interface and significantly enhance the cycling stability of the Li-O2 battery.
Photostability of epinephrine - the influence of bisulfite and degradation products. (2004)

Sulfites are previously demonstrated to increase the photodegradation of epinephrine. The aim of this study was to clarify the factors responsible for this effect. Adrenochrome sulfonate seems to be the important substance. Photoproduction of singlet oxygen is indicated to be the mechanism by which adrenochrome sulfonate acts. Protection of epinephrine solutions from irradiation <418 nm prevented the photodegradation. A reaction pathway for thephotochemical decomposition of epinephrine in the presence of bisulfite is suggested.
Comparative effects of permanent biventricular and right-univentricular pacing in heart failure patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (2002)

As compared with conventional VVIR pacing, effective biventricular pacing seems to improve exercise tolerance in NYHA class III heart failure patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and wide paced-QRS complexes. Further randomized controlled studies are required to definitively validate this therapy in such patients.
A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF SMALL PREMATURE INFANTS (1964)

One hundred children, prematurely born, with birth or minimum weights of 1,000 gm or less, of 183 discharged alive from the Premature Nursery of The New York Hospital from 1940 through 1957, were examined between 1950 and 1962. Historical and social data and findings on physical and psychometric examinations were evaluated. With rare exceptions, physical health was good; only 3 patients had cerebral palsy; one of these and 4 others had convulsions, but in 2 of these the convulsive disorder appeared unrelated to prematurity. The children exhibited a tendency to catch up in height to normal standards for chronologic age, but often not until after 4 years of age. The incidence of eye defects was 59%; the most frequent were retrolental fibroplasia, strabismus, and myopia. Intelligence quotients determined in 99 of the prematurely born children showed a wide range (59 to 142); the average I.Q., 94.8, was significantly below the I.Q. of 106.9 found in 49 full-term sibling controls. These values were not appreciably altered by retesting, by adding more younger siblings, or by comparing premature with sibling on tests done at similar ages. Thirteen of the 99 prematurely born children had I.Q.'s below 80; among the 83 of similar birth weight but not available for examination, 32 were known to be mentally retarded and 6 of these were in institutions. The most important variable appeared to be the socioeconomic status; a significantly higher proportion of the premature children with I.Q.'s above 100 was found among families who had private medical care. An apparent advantage of white over nonwhite children was interpreted as secondary to socioeconomic level.
HTML5 and companion web technologies as a universal platform for interactive Internet TV advertising (2012)

In this paper, we propose, design and develop a prototype interactive TV Commercial (iTVC) for the Internet Connected TV using only web technologies instead of propriety APIs or Adobe Flash, which are the most common methods up to date. The main advantage of this method is that developers can use a technology that is, or will be in the near future, compatible with most, if not all, different connected TV platforms, as the adoption of HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript is constantly gaining ground among Connected TV manufactures. We will show that, using these technologies, all of the features of a typical interactive Ad (Advertisement), such as navigation, video, audio, animation etc can be easily achieved and therefore it is a much better choice for authoring universal interactive Advertisements that will work in most platforms instead of re-developing the same Ad for each platform.
Spacetime-constrained oblivious transfer (2016)

In 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer (OT), Alice inputs numbers ${x}_{0},{x}_{1}$, Bob inputs a bit $b$ and outputs ${x}_{b}$. Secure OT requires that Alice and Bob learn nothing about $b$ and ${x}_{\overline{b}}$, respectively. We define spacetime-constrained oblivious transfer (SCOT) as OT in Minkowski spacetime in which Bob must output ${x}_{b}$ within ${R}_{b}$, where ${R}_{0}$ and ${R}_{1}$ are fixed spacelike separated spacetime regions. We show that unconditionally secure SCOT is impossible with classical protocols in Minkowski (or Galilean) spacetime, or with quantum protocols in Galilean spacetime. We describe a quantum SCOT protocol in Minkowski spacetime, and we show it unconditionally secure.
Retention of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium by the developing sheep foetus (1967)

1. Data on the fresh weight, mineral and fat composition of foetuses from Border Leicester / Cheviot ewes were obtained for seven singletons, fourteen sets of twins and four sets of triplets. The age of the foetuses ranged from 80 to 144 days. The foetuses were dissolved individually in concentrated nitric acid and the mineral composition of the resultant solution determined.
Cardiac Denervation in Diabetes (1973)

Evidence for vagal denervation of the heart as a feature of diabetic autonomic neuropathy has been obtained by monitoring beat-to-beat variation in heart rate. Nine diabetics with autonomic neuropathy were assessed; each showed a marked reduction or absence of beat-to-beat variation in comparison with controls. Beat-to-beat variation in normal subjects is abolished by parasympathetic blockade but unaffected by sympathetic blockade. These findings suggest that spontaneous vagal denervation of the heart was present in the cases studied. Measurement of beat-to-beat variation provides a simple test whereby cases of autonomic neuropathy can be screened for cardiac involvement.
Research of Hyperspectral Imagery Classification Method Based on Neural Network (2008)

By analyzing the effect of different distribution properties and noise of imagery on the results of SOFM network,the singular point detection was conducted to eliminate the singular point and the region feature spectral was extracted to suppress noise.The experiential method of selecting the direction threshold was presented subsequently.Finally,the hyperspectral imagery classification method based on RFS and SOFM neural network was presented to classify the hyperspectral imagery and the results indicate that the hyperspectral imagery can be classified with the method effectively.
Real-time step detection using the integrated sensors of a head-mounted display (2016)

Recent improvements in virtual reality technology and head-mounted displays have led to a number of novel and innovative applications in entertainment, education, science and healthcare. The primary goal in most of these applications is to give the user a sensation of being part of the virtual reality. This focus on presence or immersion requires to create a connection between the user and the virtual environment but also between the user and his virtual avatar. Synchronizing the body movement of the user and his avatar can help to improve the feeling of presence by enhancing the experience of agency and body ownership over the avatar. A typical example is the combination of a head-mounted display and a treadmill to create a realistic walking or running simulation in a virtual environment. In this scenario, the synchronization of leg movement improves the feeling of presence and allows to further enhance the virtual experience, for example by adjusting gait parameters of the avatar or triggering customized stepping sounds. This paper presents a robust real-time step detector that uses the integrated sensors of a state-of-the-art head-mounted display and allows to recognize the pattern of individual steps. No additional sensors on the trunk or lower body are required. By applying a coordinate transformation and straightforward signal processing, it is possible to discriminate between left and right steps and detect the current walking speed. This information is used to animate a virtual avatar by scaling a predefined walking trajectory and to control the walking speed within a virtual environment.
Morphological analysis of polymers on hair fibers by SEM and AFM (2003)

The polyquaternium 7® polymer is widely used in cosmetic formulations. Morphologic alterations in hair fibers were observed after the application of the polyquaternium 7® polymer, using SEM and AFM. Continuous applications of this product indicated that it accumulates on the fibers, improving the aspect of the hair surface. Quantitative analysis of the images obtained by AFM was undertaken. The data obtained for the hair surface roughness indicates that the fibers treated with the polymer presented higher roughness than the untreated hair fibers.
A Framework for Control and Observation in Distributed Environments (2001)

Antonio Cocchi (1695-1758) was a physician, sanitary administrator, and Professor of Anatomy at the University of Florence. Wide-ranging in his interests, he was also a philologist, botanist, and a cultured traveler through 18th-century Europe. After Cocchi died, his pupil Saverio Manetti (1723-1785) reported, in a private letter on the state of health of his renowned master, the circumstances of his death and the autopsy findings. In an endeavour to determine the cause of death, Manetti accurately described the symptoms and clinical signs preceding the exitus of Antonio Cocchi and related them to the autopsy results. Interestingly, his lifestyle habits, past medical history, and family diseases were all considered when making the diagnosis. This handling of the matter clearly proceeds from Cocchi's teachings. As an anatomist, Cocchi believed autopsy to be a fundamental tool in achieving new insights into medicine while, as a professor, he emphasized the didactic relevance of autopsy in medical education. Manetti's letter appears as a surprisingly modern example of clinicopathological practice. Based on this informative document, we present an interpretation of the possible cause of the death of Antonio Cocchi, namely, congestive heart failure.
Challenges in the manipulation, assessment and interpretation of craving relevant variables (2000)

The nature of drug craving and its role in the addictive process is a contentious issue in the addiction sciences. There are numerous disputes regarding the definition, assessment, manipulation and interpretation of craving, and progress toward resolving the enigmas of craving confronts numerous conceptual and methodological challenges. Greater attention to certain fundamental principles of measurement and manipulation should generate immediate and substantial improvements in efforts to understand and control alcohol craving. This paper provides suggestions for enhancing the measurement of self-reported alcohol craving and improving the manipulation of alcohol craving under controlled laboratory conditions. With regard to measurement, single-item scales commonly employed in craving research tend to be handicapped by limited reliability and validity. Multi-item craving scales are more likely to provide the accuracy required to accurately discriminate between different levels of craving across individuals or across different settings. Conceptual and practical considerations for the selection of multi-item craving instruments are discussed. With regard to the manipulation of alcohol craving in the laboratory, recent meta-analyses suggest that alcohol craving effects in such research may be relatively weaker than craving effects found in similar research with other addicts. Therefore, laboratory-based investigations into the nature of alcohol craving should utilize procedures and assessments that are particularly sensitive to the detection of alcohol craving. This paper offers methodological recommendations for enhancing the magnitude of alcohol craving effects generated in laboratory research.
Possible involvement of phospholipase activation in erythroid progenitor cell proliferation. (1989)

The possible role of phospholipase activation in erythroid progenitor (colony-forming units erythroid; CFU-E) cell proliferation was investigated using a variety of inhibitors of phospholipase activity. Quinacrine and alpha-p-dibromoacetophenone (BPB), both nonselective phospholipase inhibitors, were tested for their effects on CFU-E-derived colony formation. Both drugs significantly inhibited colony formation in the presence or absence of added erythropoietin (Epo). For quinacrine, the concentration causing 50% inhibition (IC50) was 1 microM, whereas for BPB the IC50 was 25 microM. A more selective inhibitor of phospholipase A2, 7,7-dimethyleicosadienoic acid (DEDA), was also tested and the IC50 was 250 microM in the presence of Epo. The addition of phospholipase A or C did not significantly affect CFU-E colony formation, although arachidonic acid increased CFU-E formation as did 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), whereas 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 15-HETE, and 15-HPETE had no effect. These findings suggest an important role for phospholipase activation in erythroid progenitor cell proliferation.
Timing and data recovery circuit for high-speed optical storage drives (2003)

A new timing recovery circuit for high-speed optical storage drives is presented. The core of the timing recovery circuit is a mixed-signal-controlled oscillator (MSCO) which is controlled simultaneously by a digital signal and an analogue signal. With digital control, the MSCO can operate in a broad frequency range, with very high switching speed and flexibility. Within a small frequency step defined by a particular digital control word, an analogue control signal can then fine-tune the MSCO through a feedback loop. In addition, to accommodate the data-transition characteristics in the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM data, a new phase detector is proposed. The proposed IC also includes a frame synchronisation block and an eight-to-fourteen demodulation circuit for CD-ROM data recovery. The chip was fabricated in a 0.6-μm n-well SPTM CMOS process. The timing recovery circuit achieves an operating frequency range of 70–180 MHz and its acquisition time is much less than 1 μs while consuming only 85 mW from a 5 V power supply.
Industrial clays (2011)

Chapter 9: Industrial clays G.E. Christidis Clays have been used by man since prehistoric times. Initially they were used almost exclusively in the fabrication of ceramics; nowadays they find numerous industrial and technological applications including the production of materials with large added value such as nanocomposites, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. The term clay should not be