gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confirmation, refinement, and extension of a study in intrafraction motion interplay with sliding jaw motion (2005)

The interplay between a constant scan speed and intrafraction oscillatory motion produces interesting fluence intensity modulations along the axis of motion that are sensitive to the motion function, as originally shown in a classic paper by Yu et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 43, 91-104 (1998)]. The fluence intensity profiles are explored in this note for an intuitive understanding, then compared with Yu et al., and finally further explored for the effects of low scan speed and random components of both intrafraction and interfraction motion. At slow scan speeds typical of helical tomotherapy, these fluence intensity modulations are only a few percent. With the addition of only a small amount of cycle-to-cycle randomness in frequency and amplitude, the fluence intensity profiles change dramatically. It is further shown that after a typical 30-fraction treatment, the sensitivities displayed in the single fraction fluence intensity profiles greatly diminish.
Evidence that nitric oxide may mediate the ovarian steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge: involvement of excitatory amino acids. (1993)

The involvement of excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hypothalamic control of pituitary LH secretion is well recognized. Recent evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas, may act as neurotransmitter in the brain, and its efflux is stimulated by activation of NMDA receptors. Studies were undertaken to determine whether NO is involved in the hypothalamic release of LHRH and in the LH surge induced by progesterone (P) in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats. Rats were ovariectomized and 2 weeks later received estradiol benzoate (30 micrograms sc) at 1000 h. Two days later, P was injected at 1000 h to potentiate the estradiol benzoate-induced LH surge in the afternoon. Serial blood samples were collected at hourly intervals from 1400-1800 h via an intraatrial cannula implanted the day before P injection. Additionally, at various times before onset of the LH surge at 1400 h, the rats were injected sc with one of three inhibitors of NO synthase, the enzyme that generates NO. Control, saline-injected rats showed unambiguous LH surges in the afternoon. However, either a single injection at 1000 h of NG-methyl-L-arginine (20 mg/kg) or three injections at 1000, 1200, and 1400 h of either Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME, 40 mg/kg) or Nw-nitro-L-arginine (60 mg/kg) to inhibit NO efflux markedly suppressed the P-induced LH surge in the afternoon. To ascertain whether suppression of LH surge was due to blockade of hypothalamic LHRH release, a series of in vitro studies were performed in steroid-primed rats. First we examined the effects of sodium nitroprusside (NPS), a compound that spontaneously generates and releases NO. NPS increased basal and KCl-induced LHRH release in vitro from the medial basal hypothalamus-preoptic area and median eminence fragments. No direct effect of NO at the pituitary level was seen, since NPS did not alter basal or LHRH-induced LH in vitro release from hemipituitaries. In addition, we tested the effects of NAME on NMDA-induced LHRH release in vitro from the median eminence-arcuate nucleus fragments. As expected, NMDA alone (50 mM) induced a significant increase in LHRH release. Addition of NO synthase inhibitor, NAME (1 or 10 mM) to suppress NO efflux, significantly diminished the NMDA-induced LHRH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N,N‐Dimethylselenocarbamoyl Chloride with Nucleophiles. Preparation of Diselenocarbamates, Selenothiocarbamates, and Selenoureas. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automated Detection of Gastric Luminal Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide during Cardiovascular Surgery Using the Tonocap (2000)

Despite a low mortality rate, patients undergoing cardiac surgery exhibited high incidences of prolonged hospitalization and postoperative morbidity. The Tonocap was easy to use, particularly compared with saline tonometry. Several Tonocap-derived variables were predictive of postoperative complications consistent with previously published data using saline tonometry.
Leukocyte GPR120 differentiates hypolipidemic vs. anti‐inflammatory effects of long chain n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inducing atherosclroprotection in LDLrKo mice (1146.7) (2014)

Background: Whether anti‐inflammatory effects of leukocyte GPR120 impart atheroprotection in‐vivo was unknown. We determined contribution of leukocyte GPR120 in n‐3 vs.n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) induced atheroprotection. Methods: Leukocyte GPR120 wildtype (WT) or knockout (KO) mice in the LDLr‐/‐ C57BL/6 background were generated by bone marrow transplantion and were fed one of the four atherogenic diets for 16 weeks (palm (+ control), fish(‐ control), echium (n‐3 PUFA enriched) or borage oil (n‐6 PUFA enriched), (PO, FO, EO or BO)). Plasma lipids‐lipoproteins, circulating and splenic leukocytosis, monocyte recruitment to aortic root and aortic atherosclerosis were analyzed. Results Compared to PO, mice fed BO and EO had significantly lower plasma total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, aortic root intimal area and aortic Cholesteryl Esters (CE) levels comparable to the FO group. EO and FO also had lower plasma triglyceride concentrations compare to PO and BO. Lack of leukocyte GPR120 did not significantly affect plasma lipids or atherosclerosis severity within any diet group. However, KO BM recipients, fed FO, EO and BO had increased circulating and splenic neutrophilia and splenic monocytosis characterized by higher proportion of Ly6Chi monocytes leading to increased monocyte recruitment into the aortic root atherosclerotic lesions. Summary: n‐3 as well as n‐6 PUFAs may activate leukocyte GRP120 in vivo and possess GRP120‐independent and ‐dependent atheroprotective properties. Leukocyte GPR120 has minimal effect on plasma lipid‐ lipoprotein concentrations and aortic atherosclerosis however; PUFA induced attenuation of neutrophilia, splenic monocytosis and pro‐inflamatory monocyte (Ly6chi) phenotype is leukocyte GPR120 dependent. Conclusion: n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA induced VLDL cholesterol lowering is primary atheroprotective mechanism in LDLrKO mice.
Neuro‐ophthalmological analysis and imaging of optic nerve tumours (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To describe correlations between the clinical manifestations and the neuro‐radiological features of optic nerve tumors. Methods: Description of the available radiological techniques for the appropriate evaluation of an optic nerve tumor. MR imaging of the orbit is the most common method and it should include standard enhanced fat‐suppression, T1 and T2‐weighted axial and coronal images, other sequences being optional. Results: The two most primary common optic nerve tumors are optic nerve glioma and optic nerve meningioma, other tumors (gangliogliomas, medulloepitheliomas, haemangioblastomas haemangiopericytomas, etc.) being more rare, diagnosed on pathological, not radiological grounds. Optic nerve meningiomas, occurring most commonly in middle‐aged females, have a tubular appearance on CT or MR as opposed to the fusiform or globular shape of optic gliomas. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas are usually isointense or hypointense on T1‐weighted imaging, enhancing after contrast injection. Metastatic carcinomas to the optic nerve are very unusual, and may be sometimes radiographically indistinguishable from optic nerve meningioma. In most of the cases a thourough history and accurate clinical examination may help the interpretation of the radiological findings, pathology being however at times necessary in atypical cases. Conclusions: Neuro‐imaging allows most often to distinguish different types of optic nerve tumors. This is the reason why it is widely accepted now to use radiotherapy for treatment of optic nerve sheath meningiomas without pathological confirmation of the diagnosis. In individual cases with atypical clinical or radiological features, pathology is nevertheless needed for firm diagnosis.
Antibody-Mediated Rejection as a Contributor to Previously Unexplained Early Liver Allograft Loss (2013)

We analyzed 60 patients with idiopathic early allograft loss (defined as death or retransplantation at <90 days) to determine the relative contribution of preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen alloantibodies (DSAs) to this endpoint, and we defined strict criteria for the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in liver allografts. The inclusion criteria encompassed the availability of a pretransplant serum sample and both postreperfusion and follow-up tissue specimens for a blinded, retrospective re-review of histology and complement component 4d (C4d) staining. AMR was diagnosed on the basis of the presence of all 4 of the following strict criteria: (1) DSAs in serum, (2) histopathological evidence of diffuse microvascular injury/microvasculitis consistent with antibody-mediated injury, (3) diffuse C4d staining in the portal microvasculature with or without staining in the sinusoids or central veins in at least 1 sample, and (4) the exclusion of other causes of a similar type of injury. Patients thought to be experiencing definite AMR on the basis of routine histopathology alone showed the highest levels of DSA sensitization. Forty percent of patients with pretransplant DSAs with a pattern of bead saturation after serial dilutions developed AMR. Another multiparous female developed what appeared to be a strong recall response, which resulted in combined AMR and acute cellular rejection (ACR) causing graft failure. A contribution of DSAs to allograft failure could not be excluded for 3 additional patients who received marginal grafts. In conclusion, liver allograft recipients with preformed DSAs with a high mean fluorescence intensity despite dilution seem to be at risk for clinically significant allograft injury and possibly for loss from AMR, often in combination with ACR.
Assessment of Elemental Composition in Selected Nigeria Broiler Feeds Using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) (2016)

Assessment of Elemental Composition in Selected Nigeria Broiler Feeds Using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) Four feeds common to the Nigerian broilers were analyzed for elemental composition. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was used to determine the concentrations of elemental composition of selected Nigeria broiler feed samples. Each sample (A, B, C, and D) represents certain brand of the feeds. The work was carried using the Nigeria Research Reactor–1(NIRR-1) at the Center for Energy Research and Training Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria by short and long irradiation protocols, using thermal flux of 5.0×1011 ncm-2s-1. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of the method was tested by analyzing Standard Reference Materials (NIST 1515 apple leaves,). The result shows that all the macronutrient elements in the samples are significantly presence and the micronutrient are virtually below detection limit (BDL). However, the results shows that the Fe concentration in sample B and Zn concentration in sample C and D were found to exceed the maximum acceptable limit with the exception of sample A. This makes the feeds contaminated with Fe and Zn not safe for broilers consumption since toxic elements are bio-accumulative and have the tendency to be transferred to human after consumption. The obtained result can be used as primary tools to further ensure broiler feed quality control and also can work as a dataset for the close monitoring of feed contamination by governments and environmentalist.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROFORMYLATION OF DEUTERATED OLEFINS IN THE PRESENCE OF COBALT CATALYSTS. I. XPERIMENTS AT HIGH PRESSURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE (1977)

Abstract Die Verteilung von Deuterium in den Hydroformylierungsprodukten (III)‐(VI) w‐ deuterierter α‐Olefine (II) spricht für die anfängliche Bildung eines n‐Komplexes aus Olefin (II) und Katalysator (I).
Quantification of the Reactivity of 3‐Aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane Monolayers with the Quartz‐Crystal Microbalance (1992)

The formation and functionalization of monolayers can be studied by means of a quartzcrystal microbalance. This method was used along with ellipsometric and IR-spectroscopic investigations to prove that a monolayer forms on adsorption of 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APS) on an aluminum oxide substrate. This surface-bound APS reacts with gaseous chlorodimethylsilane quantitatively to form an immobilized dimethylsilylammonium salt.
Aquatic effect duration study of Cry4 toxin with immunoassay and<i>Aedes aegypti</i>larval biotest (2012)

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) preparations are widely used for culicid larvae. There is no suitable commercially available analytical method for Cry4 toxin as active ingredient in Bti preparations. To overcome this limitation, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for quantitative determination of Cry4 toxin allowing a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼2 ng ml−1 in water. Preconcentration of aqueous samples by lyophilisation resulted in low but reproducible recoveries (25.7±6.8%), and the practical LODs for Bti preparations VECTOBAC WDG granulate and VECTOBAC 12 AS suspension were found to be ∼170 ng ml−1 and ∼900 ng ml−1, respectively. ELISA determinations indicated a rapid decay in detectable concentrations of VECTOBAC WDG applied at 400 ng ml−1 concentration in surface water: detected concentrations decreased by 18% and 44% in 4 days in water collected from two locations, and dropped below LOD afterwards. Larval mortality of Aedes aegypti indicated a continuous decrease even thereafter. Thus, quantitative Cry4 toxin detection facilitates proper timing and frequency of treatments to achieve optimal efficacy.
Equilibrium Free Energies from Nonequilibrium Measurements Using Maximum-Likelihood Methods (2003)

We present a maximum likelihood argument for the Bennett acceptance ratio method, and derive a simple formula for the variance of free energy estimates generated using this method. This derivation of the acceptance ratio method, using a form of logistic regression, a common statistical technique, allows us to shed additional light on the underlying physical and statistical properties of the method. For example, we demonstrate that the acceptance ratio method yields the lowest variance for any estimator of the free energy which is unbiased in the limit of large numbers of measurements.
SOAP--A program which documents and edits ALGOL 60 programs (1971)

This paper describes a program called SOAP (Simplify Obscure Algol Programs) which reads and ALGOL 60 program as data, cleans it up and outputs it in a form which clarifies its structure thus making it easier to understand. The paper states some of the advantages of using SOAP and specifies the layout of an edited program. SOAP is an ALGOL 60 procedure.
Kif5b Modulates Processing and Secretion of von Willebrand Factor in Endothelial Cells and Mice (2018)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) secreted by Weibel-Palade bodies within endothelial cells is critical to maintain normal platelet adhesion during vascular arrest. Because the transportation of VWF is microtubule-dependent partly via kinesin activity, suppression of kinesin could affect intracellular trafficking of VWF. In this study, we investigated the role of Kif5b, the key member of the kinesin superfamily, in the processing and secretion of VWF. A hypothetical interaction between VWF and Kif5b was confirmed and the tail domain of Kif5b was identified as VWF binding region. Knocking-down Kif5b in human umbilical vein endothelial cells led to significantly increased non-stimulated VWF secretion, considerably higher ratio of pro-VWF to mature VWF, and shorter VWF length. Consistent to the in vitro assay, Kif5b knockdown mice demonstrated dramatically increased VWF secretion after epinephrine stimulation. Significantly prolonged bleeding time was observed in these Kif5b knockdown mice as well, which was further elucidated by the decreased basal/regulated VWF secretion in Kif5b knockdown mice comparing to their wild-type littermates. Taken together, these findings suggest that Kif5b modulates processing and secretion of VWF in vitro and in vivo.
Behavioral synthesis of high performance, low cost, and low power application specific processors for linear computations (2002)

Throughput has been widely traditionally recognized as the most popular performance metric for implementation of application specific computations. However, increasingly applications such as embedded controllers impose constraints on both throughput and latency as important metrics of speed. Although throughput alone can be arbitrarily improved for several classes of systems using previously published techniques, none of those approaches are effective when latency constraints are considered. DSP, communications, and control systems are often either linear, or have subsystems that are linear. Recently an optimal technique for simultaneous optimization of throughput and latency of linear computations was introduced by M.B. Srivastava and M. Potkonjak (1994). However, in many cases this technique introduces significant area overhead. We apply certain key aspects of that technique (on-arrival-processing and maximally fast implementation of linear computations) with exploration of state-space based transformations to develop four synthesis techniques which generate high throughput, low latency, low area, and low power application specific processors for the special case of single input linear computations. The new transformation techniques can also be used to increase the implementation efficiency while achieving the same latency and throughput as the original design-we obtained large improvements in area and power on many benchmarks when using the proposed transformations in this alternate role.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly scalable optical TDM router using a computer controlled time slot selector with picosecond resolution (2000)

An OTDM router architecture using a highly scalable time slot tuner is discussed. Results for a 100-Gb/s, 16-channel router using a computer-controlled interface are presented. The scalability and latency of the router based upon the time slot tuner shows that aggregate bandwidths beyond 1 Tb/s are possible. We show that a maximum hardware time slot access latency of less than 3.2 ns can be achieved with this architecture enabling ultrafast optical packet routing.
USE OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL INDICES TO ASSESS IMPACTS OF CONTAMINANTS AND PHYSICAL HABITAT ALTERATION IN URBAN STREAMS (2002)

Human activities in urban areas can lead to both chemical pollution and physical alteration of stream habitats. The evaluation of ecological impacts on urban streams can be problematic where both types of degradation occur. Effects of contaminants, for example, may be masked if stream channelization, loss of riparian vegetation, or other physical stressors exert comparable or larger influences. In the Aberjona watershed (near Boston, MA, USA), we used physical, chemical, and biological indices to discern the relative impacts of physical and chemical stressors. We used standard protocols for assessing the biological condition of low-gradient streams, sampling macroinvertebrate communities from several different habitat types (e.g., overhanging bank vegetation, undercut bank roots, and vegetation on rocks). We strengthened the linkage between chemical exposure and macroinvertebrate response by measuring metal concentrations not only in sediments from the stream bottom but also in the vegetative habitats where the macroinvertebrates were sampled. Linear regression analysis indicated that biological condition was significantly dependent (95% confidence level) on contaminants in vegetative habitats, but not on contaminants in sediments from the stream bottom. Biological condition was also significantly dependent on physical habitat quality; regression analysis on both contaminants and physical quality yielded the best regression model (r2 = 0.49). Similar biological impairment was observed at sites with severe contamination or physical impairment or with moderate chemical and physical impairment. These results have implications for the management of urban streams.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterosupramolecular Chemistry: Synthetic Strategies for the Covalent and Noncovalent Assembly and Organization of Nanocrystals and Molecules. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of HLA A2 and cytomegalovirus serostatus on outcomes in patients with leukemia following matched-sibling myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (2006)

This epidemiological study did not confirm the previously reported effect of donor CMV serostatus on the outcomes of leukemia in HLA-A2-identical HCT recipients. Addressing the question of cross-reactivity of HLA-A2-restricted CMV-specific T cells with minor H antigens in a clinical study would require knowledge of the patient's minor H antigen genotype. However, because of the unbalanced distribution of HLA-A2-restricted minor H antigens in the population and their incomplete identification, this question might be more appropriately evaluated in in vitro experiments than in a clinical study.
Investigating the Cognitive Processes Involved in Cancer Cell Image Identification (2017)

Training individuals to make accurate decisions from medical images is a critical component of education in diagnostic pathology. We describe a joint experimental and computational modeling approach to examine the similarities and differences in the cognitive processes of novice participants and experienced participants (pathology residents and pathology faculty) in cancer cell image identification. For this study we collected a bank of hundreds of digital images that were identified by cell type and classified by difficulty by a panel of expert hematopathologists. The key manipulations in our study included examining the speed-accuracy tradeoff as well as the impact of prior expectations on decisions. In addition, our study examined individual differences in decision-making by comparing task performance to domain general visual ability (as measured using the Novel Object Memory Test (NOMT) (Richler et al., 2017). Using Signal Detection Theory (SDT) and the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM), we found many similarities between expert and novices in our task. While experts tended to have better discriminability, the two groups responded similarly to time pressure (i.e., reduced caution under speed instructions in the DDM) and to the introduction of a probabilistic cue (i.e., increased response bias in the DDM). These results have important implications for training in this area as well as using novice participants in research on medical image perception and decision-making.
In Situ vs Ex Situ Pancreatic Duct Stents of Duct-to-Mucosa Pancreaticojejunostomy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy With Billroth I–Type Reconstruction (2002)

The results were considered to show equivalent outcomes for ex situ and in situ pancreatic stenting of the duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The use of transanastomotic stents has to be selective according to the individual characteristics of each patient. We recommend their use with ampullary tumors or small ducts (< or =2 mm).