gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
During muscle atrophy, thick, but not thin, filament components are degraded by MuRF1-dependent ubiquitylation (2009)

Loss of myofibrillar proteins is a hallmark of atrophying muscle. Expression of muscle RING-finger 1 (MuRF1), a ubiquitin ligase, is markedly induced during atrophy, and MuRF1 deletion attenuates muscle wasting. We generated mice expressing a Ring-deletion mutant MuRF1, which binds but cannot ubiquitylate substrates. Mass spectrometry of the bound proteins in denervated muscle identified many myofibrillar components. Upon denervation or fasting, atrophying muscles show a loss of myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) and myosin light chains 1 and 2 (MyLC1 and MyLC2) from the myofibril, before any measurable decrease in myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Their selective loss requires MuRF1. MyHC is protected from ubiquitylation in myofibrils by associated proteins, but eventually undergoes MuRF1-dependent degradation. In contrast, MuRF1 ubiquitylates MyBP-C, MyLC1, and MyLC2, even in myofibrils. Because these proteins stabilize the thick filament, their selective ubiquitylation may facilitate thick filament disassembly. However, the thin filament components decreased by a mechanism not requiring MuRF1.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion of Silicon‐Based Ceramics in Combustion Environments (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Self-diffusion in supercritical water and benzene in high-temperature high-pressure conditions studied by NMR and dynamic solvation-shell model (2010)

The self-diffusion coefficients of water and organic solvents in the high-temperature high-pressure conditions are studied by using high-temperature NMR and MD simulation methods. The experimental results are analyzed using a scheme based on the solvation shell relaxation time obtained by MD simulation. The dynamic effect of hydrogen bonding is discussed through the comparison between water and a nonpolar organic solvent, benzene, over a wide range of density and temperature. The hydrogen-bonding effects are as follows: (1) the self-diffusion coefficient of water depends on density more weakly than that of benzene, (2) the self-diffusion coefficient of water at the ambient density depends on temperature more strongly than that of benzene at the density, (3) the turnover from the mobile-shell type to the in-shell type with increasing density does not occur in supercritical water up to the ambient density, whereas such turnover is observed in benzene. These contrasts are reflecting the dynamic effect of the anisotropic attractive interactions.
Variable mechanical nanosecond light pulsing system (1983)

The design of a mechanical nanosecond light pulsing system which tests the optical response time of a semiconductor film is discussed. The system consists of a high speed rotating mirror which is used to scan a laser beam across a film target. The system is capable of producing variable duration light pulses as fast as 3.5 nsec. A discussion of how shorter exposure times may be realized is also presented.
<i>Dppa2</i> and <i>Dppa4</i> Are Closely Linked SAP Motif Genes Restricted to Pluripotent Cells and the Germ Line (2006)

Despite the enormous medical potential of ESCs, the molecular mechanisms conferring the ability to differentiate into all cell types of the embryo remain elusive. We used an in silico approach to identify genes expressed exclusively in mouse preimplantation embryos and pluripotent cell lines. Two of these genes were developmental pluripotency-associated gene 2 (Dppa2) and Dppa4, which we show are closely linked genes encoding putative nuclear SAP domain proteins expressed in human and mouse pluripotent stem cells and germ cell tumor-derived embryonal carcinoma cells. In the mouse, these genes are transcribed in germinal vesicle-stage oocytes and throughout the cleavage stages of embryogenesis. They then become restricted to the pluripotent inner cell mass of blastocysts and are subsequently downregulated. After gastrulation, Dppa2 and Dppa4 are expressed only in the developing germ line, showing that these genes mark cells of the pluripotent cycle. In the germ line, both genes are downregulated as the germ cells commit to the oogenic pathway or soon after commitment to the spermatogenic pathway. We have observed similar germ line expression profiles for other pluripotent markers, and these results are consistent with the hypothesis that pluripotent markers must be downregulated during fetal germ line development, a process that may be required to facilitate appropriate germ line differentiation. The study of expression and function of pluripotent markers such as Dppa2 and Dppa4 is likely to unveil new aspects of the regulation of pluripotency and germ line development in mammals.
The Effect of Systemic Versus Portal Insulin Delivery in Pancreas Transplantation on Insulin Action and VLDL Metabolism (2001)

Combined kidney-pancreas transplantation (KPT) with anastomosis of the pancreatic vein to the systemic circulation (KPT-S) or to the portal circulation (KPT-P) provides a human model in which the chronic effects of portal versus systemic insulin delivery on glucose and VLDL metabolism can be examined. Despite similar plasma glucose and C-peptide levels, KPT-S (n = 9) had an approximate twofold elevation of fasting and intravenous glucose-stimulated plasma insulin levels compared with both KPT-P (n = 7) and healthy control subjects (n = 15). The plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were elevated in both transplant groups versus control subjects, but the plasma insulin elevation necessary to lower plasma FFA by 50% was approximately two times higher in KPT-S versus KPT-P and control subjects. Endogenous glucose production was similar in KPT-S and KPT-P, despite approximately 35% higher hepatic insulin levels in the latter, and was suppressed to a greater extent during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in KPT-S versus KPT-P. Total-body glucose utilization during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was approximately 40% lower in KPT-S versus KPT-P, indicating peripheral tissue but not hepatic insulin resistance in KPT-S versus KPT-P. Both transplant groups had an approximate twofold elevation of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein B (apoB) and lipids versus control subjects. Elevation of VLDL-apoB and VLDL-TG in both transplant groups was entirely explained by an approximately 50% reduction in clearance of VLDL compared with healthy control subjects. In the presence of increased FFA load but in the absence of hepatic overinsulinization and marked hepatic insulin resistance, there was no elevation of VLDL secretion in KPT-S versus KPT-P and control subjects. These findings suggest that chronic systemic hyperinsulinemia and peripheral tissue insulin resistance with the consequent elevation of plasma FFA flux are insufficient per se to cause VLDL overproduction and that additional factors, such as hepatic hyperinsulinemia and/or gross insulin resistance, may be an essential prerequisite in the pathogenesis of VLDL overproduction in the common form of the insulin resistance syndrome.
Effects of Long-Term Culture on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Aging (2010)

In recent years, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have become a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Although hES cells have the ability for unlimited self-renewal, potential adverse effects of long-term cell culture upon hES cells must be investigated before therapeutic applications of hES cells can be realized. Here we investigated changes in molecular profiles associated with young (<60 passages) and old (>120 passages) cells of the H9 hES cell line as well as young (<85 passages) and old (>120 passages) cells of the PKU1 hES cell line. Our results show that morphology, stem cell markers, and telomerase activity do not differ significantly between young and old passage cells. Cells from both age groups were also shown to differentiate into derivatives of all 3 germ layers upon spontaneous differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction was found to occur with prolonged culture. Old passage cells of both the H9 and PKU1 lines were characterized by higher mitochondrial membrane potential, larger mitochondrial morphology, and higher reactive oxygen species content than their younger counterparts. Teratomas derived from higher passage cells were also found to have an uneven preference for differentiation compared with tumors derived from younger cells. These findings suggest that prolonged culture of hES cells may negatively impact mitochondrial function and possibly affect long-term pluripotency.
<title>Implicit surface reconstruction for reverse engineering</title> (1998)

Implicit surface methods for surface reconstruction have received much attention in recent years. But implicit algorithms reported in literature are usually limited to a class of closed surfaces or require knowledge of the surface topologies prior to surface reconstruction. Here, a general implicit approach is proposed for surface reconstruction of various types of surfaces, including manifolds with boundaries and non-manifolds, without a prior knowledge of surface topology. A framework and an associated methodology have also been defined to identify the main tasks an the issue in surface reconstruction. An assessment of the methods and algorithms reported in surface reconstruction has been also carried out.
The Crystal Structure of Boron Triiodide (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Crystal Structure of Boron TriiodideM. A. Ring, J. D. H. Donnay, and W. S. KoskiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1962, 1, 1, 109–111Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50001a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50001a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of Fe on martensitic and magnetic transformation of p based Co-Ni-Al alloy (2005)

The effects of Fe element on the martensitic and magnetic transformation of Co38Ni33Al29 and Co72-xNixAl28 alloys were investigated by optical micrography,DSC and VSM methods.It is found that Curie point increased 15K by 2% Fe element for Co38-xNi33Al29Fex alloy quenched from 1623K×2h,but when Fe element content reached 8%,its Curie point increased 160K.Substituted 2% Fe element for Co element in Co72-xNixAl28 alloys,their Curie points increased 20～30K and martensitic phase transition temperature decreased 150～170K when quenched from 1623K/2h,whereas,their Curie points increased 30～70K and martensitic phase transition temperature decreased 50～130K when quenched from 1523K/2h.For the reason of increasing Curie point and decreasing martensitic transition temperature,substituting Fe for Co in β based Co-Ni-Al alloy enlarge the chemical composition range of Co-Ni-Al-Fe alloys located in TcTm,made it move to Ni-rich and Co-poor,Al-poor angles.The variants of martensitic transition temperature and Curie point were discussed by average s+d-electron concentration(e/a).
Optical packaging activities at Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Singapore (2002)

The development of optoelectronic components for gigabit Ethernet communications is converging towards access networks where the cost of device makes a significant impact on the market acceptance. Device fabrication and packaging cost have to be brought down with novel assembly and packaging methods. Singapore has established a reputation in semiconductor device development and fabrication with excellent process and packaging facilities. Institute of Microelectronics (IME) was founded in 1991 to add value to the Singapore electronics industry. IME is involved in the development of active and passive photonics components using Silicon and polymer materials. We present a brief report on the development activities taking place in the field of optical component packaging at IME in recent years. We present a review of our competence and some of the optical device packaging activities that are being undertaken.
Muscle-specific Drp1 overexpression impairs skeletal muscle growth via translational attenuation (2015)

Mitochondrial fission and fusion are essential processes in the maintenance of the skeletal muscle function. The contribution of these processes to muscle development has not been properly investigated in vivo because of the early lethality of the models generated so far. To define the role of mitochondrial fission in muscle development and repair, we have generated a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses the fission-inducing protein Drp1 specifically in skeletal muscle. These mice displayed a drastic impairment in postnatal muscle growth, with reorganisation of the mitochondrial network and reduction of mtDNA quantity, without the deficiency of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Importantly we found that Drp1 overexpression activates the stress-induced PKR/eIF2α/Fgf21 pathway thus leading to an attenuated protein synthesis and downregulation of the growth hormone pathway. These results reveal for the first time how mitochondrial network dynamics influence muscle growth and shed light on aspects of muscle physiology relevant in human muscle pathologies.
How democracy resolves conflict in difficult games (2008)

Abstract. Democracy resolves conflicts in difficult games like Prisoners ’ Dilemma and Chicken by stabilizing their cooperative outcomes. It does so by transforming these games into games in which voters are presented with a choice between a cooperative outcome and a Pareto-inferior noncooperative outcome. In the transformed game, it is always rational for voters to vote for the cooperative outcome, because cooperation is a weakly dominant strategy independent of the decision rule and the number of voters who choose it. Such games are illustrated by 2-person and n-person public-goods games, in which it is optimal to be a free rider, and a biblical story from the book of Exodus. 2 How Democracy Resolves Conflict in Difficult Games 1 1.
Influence of the frequency of laser toning for melasma on occurrence of leukoderma and its early detection by ultraviolet imaging (2015)

There was no significant difference in the incidence of leukoderma related to the frequency of laser toning. This study showed that there are two types of leukoderma associated with laser toning. UV imaging was effective for the early detection of type 1 leukoderma, which seems to be related to the cumulative laser energy delivered, but not for detecting type 2 leukoderma, which may be due to direct phototoxicity.
Effects of radiation on enhanced electronic cooling (2003)

The radiation component of heat loss and the effect of heat sink orientation on the radiant interchange of heat between electronic components were investigated. The point at which the influence of forced convection cooling overrides the radiation losses was determined. It was assumed that the heat sink resides within a system environment and is used to cool a typical electronic component. The evaluation encompasses the natural convection cooling regime in both the thermally optimum vertical orientation as well as a horizontally mounted orientation. For both cases, the heat sink was evaluated with two surface coatings to determine the effect of the radiant heat loss. The experimental work was then extended to the forced-convection region to determine where the convective coefficient became dominant. A theoretical model was developed that is capable of predicting the radiation effects of high emissive heat sinks based on experimentally determined relationships of standard heat-sink material. It is concluded that the dissipation of heat by radiation could be substantial portion of the total power-dissipation capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abortion induces reactivation of inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2018)

Abortion was associated with clinical and radiological inflammatory rebound remarkably in the first 12 months postevent. Deregulated proinflammatory processes arising at the early stages of pregnancy might play a role both in MS reactivation and abortion. Women with MS should be counselled about these risks of abortion and followed up accordingly.
A New Series of Substrates for the Evaluation of Chymotrypsin Activity<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Series of Substrates for the Evaluation of Chymotrypsin Activity1B. M. Iselin, H. T. Huang, R. V. MacAllister, and Carl NiemannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4, 1729–1731Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a085RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (374 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High intensity forging for nuclear applications: Manufacturing and properties of nozzle shell with integral flange for EPR reactor pressure vessel (2007)

AbstractThe EPR (European Pressurised Water Reactor) developed by AREVA is a new nuclear reactor designed to achieve greater output (1600 MW) and longer plant life (60 years) than conventional nuclear reactors. The first one is currently under construction in Finland at Olkiluoto. For this new design, an integrated forging was applied for the nozzle shell, including an integral flange (Fig. 1). A 500 t ingot is necessary to manufacture this part, which was the first large part manufactured on a new 14 kt press installed at JSW in 2003. The part was completed 11 months after pouring. The technologies of each manufacturing step and the properties of the part are described.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Chlorides Using Burton′s Reagent. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the chlorobenzenes (I) with dibromodifluoromethane (II) and copper in N,N‐dimethylacetamide gives the trifluoromethylbenzenes (III).
Effect of In Vivo Modulation of Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels on the Dopamine‐Dependent Adenylate Cyclase Activity in the Rat Retina (1990)

We have studied the effect of a dietary deprivation of n-3 fatty acids on the activity of the dopamine (DA)-dependent adenylate cyclase in the rat retina. Experiments were conducted in 6-month-old rats raised on semipurified diets containing either safflower oil (n-3 deficient diet) or soybean oil (control diet). The levels of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6 (n-3)] in retinal phospholipids were significantly decreased in n-3 deficient rats (35-42% of control levels). This was compensated by a rise in 22:5 (n-6), the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remaining approximately constant. Adenylate cyclase activity was measured in retinal membrane preparations from dark-adapted or light-exposed rats. The enzyme activity was stimulated by DA and SKF 38393 in a light-dependent fashion. The activation was lower in rats exposed to light than in dark-adapted animals, suggesting a down-regulation of the D1 DA receptors by light. The activation by guanine nucleotides and forskolin was also decreased in light-exposed rats. There was no significant effect of the dietary regimen on the various adenylate cyclase activities and their response to light. Furthermore, the guanine nucleotide- and DA-dependent adenylate cyclase activities of retinal membranes were found to be relatively resistant to changes in membrane fluidity induced in vitro by benzyl alcohol. The results indicate that in the absence of changes in total PUFA content, a decreased ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in membrane phospholipids does not significantly affect the properties of adenylate cyclase in the rat retina.
Hydroxylated metabolites of loratadine: an example of conformational diastereomers due to atropisomerism (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxylated metabolites of loratadine: an example of conformational diastereomers due to atropisomerismJohn J. Piwinski, Jesse K. Wong, Tze Ming Chan, Michael J. Green, and Ashit K. GangulyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 10, 3341–3350Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00297a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00297a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views795Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts