gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Students'Thinking and the Learning of Science: A Constructivist View (1986)

A general procedure is described for developing and validating HPLC-based assays for nucleotide-utilizing enzymes. The method is comparable in sensitivity to spectrophotometric, enzyme-coupled assays and is applicable to any enzymatic reaction involving coenzyme A and its esters, or the common nucleoside tri-, di-, and/or monophosphates. Nucleotide products of the enzymatic reactions are directly quantitated from their uv absorbances. A typical HPLC-based assay involves running an enzymatic reaction for a fixed time, stopping the reaction by adding acid, and using HPLC to quantitate the amount(s) of nucleotide reactant(s) converted to product(s). Nucleotides containing the same base can be separated under isocratic conditions using a 5-microns C-18, reversed-phase column, and a mobile phase at pH 5 containing 100 mM potassium phosphate, 20 mM acetate, 5 mM tetrabutylammonium ion as an ion-pairing agent, and sufficient acetonitrile to keep the run time within 10 min. Separation of nucleotides containing different bases can usually be accomplished under isocratic conditions by the proper choice of the pH within the range of 3 to 7. A microcomputer is used to control all system hardware and to automate collection and processing of chromatographic data. Application of the general method to development of assays for nucleoside diphosphate kinase and succinyl-CoA synthetase is described. The assay for nucleoside diphosphate kinase quantitates UTP formed from UDP and ATP as substrates. The assay for succinyl-CoA synthetase measures succinyl-CoA after HPLC separation of reactants and products at pH 4 where succinyl-CoA is stable to chemical hydrolysis.
Innovative Process Model of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Layer Manufacturing Using Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) (2010)

New approaches to modern manufacture have emerged from Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) technologies over the last 25 years. These approaches provide form, fit and function to a wide range of metallic alloys and components. Wire + Arc Additive Layer Manufacture (WAALM) has gained the interest of the research community in recent years due to its high deposition rate and efficiency (100%). The technique has been presented to the aerospace manufacturing industry as a unique low cost solution for large structural components manufacture. With this process product development time, capital investment and “Buy-to-Fly” ratios can be significantly improved. One of the greatest challenges of WAALM systems is the control algorithms needed to predict optimum welding parameters in order to achieve a specific target wall width/height requirement, and maximum deposition efficiency. This paper describes a process model for multilayer Ti-6Al-4V deposition using the Gas Metal Arc Welding based process of Cold Metal Transfer. The process model is based on a Systematic Experimental Approach carried out using a regression analysis. The mathematical relationships obtained are ready to use in future large scale “intelligent” WAALM controllers.
Ophthalmologic Care for Persons With Diabetes (1984)

The provision of ophthalmologic care to diabetic patients was examined in a large, geographically defined population-based study in southern Wisconsin. Of the total of 2,272 patients examined, 902 were taking insulin and were diagnosed before 30 years of age (younger onset) and 1,370 were diagnosed at or after 30 years of age (older onset). Approximately 26% of the younger-onset and 36% of the older-onset diabetic population had never had an ophthalmologic examination. Characteristics of the younger-onset and older-onset population associated with never having had an ophthalmologic examination included living in a nonmetropolitan county, being older at the time of diagnosis, having a shorter duration of diabetes, having fewer years of education, receiving their diabetes care from a family or general practitioner, and having better visual acuity. Eleven percent of younger- and 7% of older-onset persons with Diabetic Retinopathy Study high-risk characteristics for severe visual loss had never been seen or were seen more than two years before the time of the study. Because severe visual loss caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy may be reduced by timely photocoagulation treatment, this study suggests that a large number of patients who would benefit from ophthalmologic care are currently not receiving it.
Essentials of Professional Cooking (1983)

Preface. Acknowledgments. The Food Service Industry. Sanitation and Safety. Tools and Equipment. Basic Cooking Principles. The Recipe: It's Structure and Its Use. The Menu. Mise en Place. Stocks and Sauces. Soups. Understanding Meats and Game. Cooking Meats and Game. Understanding Poultry and Game Birds. Cooking Poultry and Game Birds. Understanding Fish and Shellfish. Cooking Fish and Shellfish. Understanding Vegetables. Cooking Vegetables. Potatoes and Other Starches. Salads and Salad Dressings. Sandwiches and Hors d'Oeuvres. Breakfast Preparation, Dairy Products, and Coffee and Tea. Food Presentation and Garnish. Bakeshop Production: Basic Principles and Ingredients. Yeast Products. Appendix 1. Metric Conversion Factors. Appendix 2. Standard Can Sizes. Appendix 3. Approximate Weight-Volume Equivalents of Dry Foods. Appendix 4. Kitchen Math Exercises-Metric Versions. Appendix 5. Eggs and Safety. Bibliography. Glossary. Index.
Measurements of traveling-wave tube noise figure (1954)

The general structure of the tube is shown and a brief description of the electrode disposition given. Variation of noise figure is described as a function of the first anode voltage with beam current as a parameter. The independence of current is pointed out. A plot is shown of noise figure as a function of the perveance of the cathode to first-anode region and the possible significance of the beam shape in this region is described. The variation of noise figure with frequency is described and some results are given on the effect of helix size.
A learning pattern recognition system using neural network for diagnosis and monitoring of aging of electrical motor (2003)

The authors propose a fault detector for an induction motor using an artificial neural network (ANN). It is a learning pattern recognition system which can diagnose faults as well as aging conditions. For the diagnosis, this system uses a frequency spectrum analysis method based on vibration conditions of the rotating machine. In the ANN, the inputs are several vibration frequencies. Outputs of artificial neural networks provide the information on the fault condition of the motor. The PDP model, which is a multilayer perceptron model with an error backpropagation learning algorithm, is used as the ANN for this diagnostic system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polysaccharide-Drug Conjugates as Controlled Drug Delivery Systems (2006)

This contribution deals with the role of the polymeric carrier and the chemical bond between the drug and the carrier in the design of polymer-drug conjugates as efficient controlled drug delivery systems. Polysaccharide-drug conjugates prepared by different methods, together with their in vitro and in vivo behavior, are presented according to the reported results including author's work in the field.
SELECTION OF VEHICLE DETECTORS FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (1974)

This article examines the practical requirements for vehicle detectors for use in traffic signal systems on the basis of the control philosophy developed in an earlier article (by Hulscher and Sims, published in the November 1974 issue of Traffic Engineering & Control). It is shown that only two types of commercially-available detectors are capable of meeting the set requirements, but the level of service still needs improvement. Whilst the performance of electronic circuits can be improved by application of modern techniques, certain basic areas deserve further research. /Author/TRRL/
Treatment of osteosarcoma with microwave thermal ablation to induce immunogenic cell death (2014)

Microwave ablation (MWA) has been used as a classical hyperthermic ablation method for decades with the intention to induce direct killing of tumor cells or modulation of tumor architecture. The purpose of this study was to explore whether MWA induced tumor cell death could generate an immunogenic source of tumor antigens and elicit tumor-specific immune responses, taking an alternative antitumor effects. Three kinds of osteosarcoma cell lines, respectively derived from mice, rats and human, were selected as ablation models. In vitro and in situ tumor ablation were both performed to detect the "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) exposure level. Active ablated products vaccination resulted in complete protection in both mouse and rat tumor-bearing models, which was mediated primarily by vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells. These effector cells functioned by releasing IFN-γ and TNF-α in the presence of target cells, which may trigger FasL-directed cell apoptosis. These data suggest that MWA-processed osteosarcoma cells could be applied to generate specific antitumor effects, especially for in situ ablation. Hence, MWA could be used in combination with immunotherapy, especially for patients who have failed chemotherapy or who have limited treatment options.
Plant virology protocols : from virus isolation to transgenic resistance (1998)

Plant Virology Protocols offers for the first time a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art techniques for generating transgenic plants that are resistant to plant viruses via the cloning and expression of the coat protein gene. Its unfailingly reproducible methods, perfected by hands-on masters, cover the entire process from virus isolation, RNA extraction, and cloning coat protein genes, to the introduction of the coat protein gene into the plant genome and the testing of transgenic plants for resistance. Methods for testing for transformation by PCR and Southern blotting, the detection of RNA transcripts by Northern blotting, and the production of protein by Western analysis are provided, as are methods for challenging the transgenic plants produced and for detecting and measuring the levels of virus. The authoritative contributors also discuss the history and mechanisms of coat protein-mediated protection and the key ethical issues surrounding transgenic technology. Unprecedented in its comprehensiveness and its many time-proven methods, Plant Virology Protocols is certain to become the authoritative standard reference for plant scientists who want to tap the enormous benefits this technology has to offer
Purifying Quantum States: Quantum and Classical Algorithms (2005)

I give analytical estimates and numerical simulation results for the performance of Kitaev's 2d topological error-correcting codes. By providing methods for the execution of an encoded three-qubit Toffoli gate, I complete a universal gate set for these codes. I also examine the utility of Bohm's and Bohm-inspired interpretations of quantum mechanics for numerical solution of many-body dynamics and ``mechanism identification'' heuristics in discrete systems. Further, I show an unexpected quantitative correspondence between the previously known continuum of stochastic-Bohm trajectory theories on the one hand and extant path integral Monte Carlo methods on the other hand.
Dynamic Reliable Service Routing in Enterprise Service Bus (2008)

The enterprise service bus (ESB) is the core department of the service oriented architecture (SOA) which takes charge of managing mass services in the SOA. And the message routing among services is a very important mechanism for service communication in ESB, it is the main function provided by ESB. At the present, there have already been several patterns of message routing in ESB, but they only support static configurable routing, and they also cannot ensure the reliability of message routing, so this paper presents a new pattern of message routing. By integrating the service discovery engine and designing dynamic routing component, we solve the limitation of existent static configurable routing and accomplish dynamically reliable message routing.
Ueber die Ausbreitung der Tropfen einer Flüssigkeit auf der Oberfläche einer anderen (1871)

1 1 1 1 Jahre 1865 stcllte ich iiber die Ausbreitung eiiier Fliissig,keit a-if einer nnderen vieie Untersuchuugen an, rind veriiffeiitlichte deren Bestiltate noch in demselbeii Jahr in einer Brochiire I ) .In diesen )J Aiinaleii (1 f a d ich eine Abhandlung Herrii L ii d t g e's iiber deiiselben Gegenstaiid ' ) , und splter in cler Zeifschrift )) Lcs Moiides ')>.eiiieu Ariszug einer Arbeit des Hrn.Rlensbriigghe, welcher dieselbell Untersuchungen iind Theorien, die er schon friiher in deli J) illinloires cle I'A caddiriic dc BruxcIlcs 11 ISd.XXXIV, oeriiffentlichf hatte, fur sich in Ansprnch nimmt.L)a nun in dioscn hcideii Arbeiteii dieselbeii Themien und Thatsachcn behandelt werden, welche ich Tor einigen Jahren entdeckt Iinbe, so belt ich cs fiir niiiliig eineii Auszrig jener meincr Uiitersiicliuiigcii, in irgencl einer pliysiLalischeii Zeitschrift zil veriiffciitlichen, tmi dieselbe in griilsern Mreisen beliaiinf 211 maclieu, wie auch iiin meiiictwiis auf die Priorilat der L i i d t g eunti R1 ensbrngghe'schen Arbeiten Anspruch zu machen.1 ) Si[ll' rspnicsiotre tlelle goccie di zt)) liqilido ,qnllegginnte sialln m p e r -2) 1. iiJ 1 g r , UcI;cr die.A t i h c i t i i i 1 g der Pliis>igLoiteii atifciiiaiidcr.Diesc:3 ) A1 I: 11 ., 1% s u $ 2 12. e , sur In tensioir siipw{it-iP//c des liqitides etc.
Clinical effect of dopamine on incidence of peptic ulceration. (1986)

Dopamine and its agonists diminish gastric acid secretion and exert a protective effect on experimentally induced peptic ulcers in rats. For treatment of peptic ulcer disease in man, dopamine and dopamine antagonists have been recommended, but clear evidence is not yet available. To answer the question of whether dopamine has any protective effect regarding peptic ulcer formation in man, autopsy reports were evaluated for the incidence of acute peptic ulcerations before and after the introduction of dopamine as a common drug in intensive care units. The analysis showed no change in ulcer incidence, i.e., our retrospective study demonstrated no ulceroprotective action of dopamine in critically ill patients.
3D object tracking using three Kalman filters (2011)

In the recent years, 3D tracking has gained attention due to the perforation of powerful computers and the increasing interest in tracking applications. One of the most common tracking algorithms used is the Kalman filter. Kalman filter is a linear estimator that is based on approximating system's dynamics using Gaussian probability distribution. In this paper, we provide a detailed evaluation of the most common Kalman filters, their use in the literature and their implementation for 3D visual tracking. The main types of Kalman filters discussed are linear Kalman filter, extended Kalman filer and unscented Kalman filter.
Methods for quality coffee roasting degree evaluation: a literature review on risk perspective (2021)

Abstract The demand for specialty coffee has increased over the past few years, and several cafes and coffee roasteries are starting to enter the market. Coffee roasting is considered art rather than science that requires a lot of experience from a master roaster. The key parameters used to identify the roast status of the beans are the initial temperature and roasting time from bean samples. The degree of roasting is often the first consideration for consumers when buying coffee. Some of the flavor attributes used to assess coffee are body, aroma, and acidity. Many studies have been done to evaluate the quality of roasted coffee experimentally using different parameters. However, these techniques could not be implemented in real-time and have their limitations. The current need for roasteries is a method of controlling the quality of roasted coffee through risk and a real-time approach. This paper presents a review carried out the methods used to determine roasting degree on risk perspective. This review has covered recent research on coffee roasting evaluation methods on physical, physicochemical, and chemical composition changes.
High-affinity monomeric 67-kd laminin receptors and prognosis in pancreatic endocrine tumours (1997)

Cell-surface high-affinity monomeric 67-kD laminin receptors have been proposed to promote the invasion and metastasis of a variety of tumours, but there are, as yet, no data regarding the expression of these molecules in pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs). The prognosis of these very rare tumours is problematic and the only irrefutable evidence of their malignancy still continues to be the occurrence of local invasion and metastases. In this retrospective investigation, 34 functioning and 48 non-functioning sporadic PETs were evaluated for the expression of the MLuC5 monoclonal antibody, which specifically recognizes the 67-kD laminin receptors. Laminin receptors were found in 42/82 cases (51 per cent) and their expression was associated with metastatic disease (P < 0.001), high proliferative activity expressed by a Ki-67 index above 5.0 per cent (P < 0.001), absence of progesterone receptors (P = 0.013), immunoreactivity for hormones other than insulin (P < 0.001), a tumour diameter more than 3.0 cm (P = 0.001), and a fatal clinical outcome (P < 0.001). Laminin receptors were also expressed by most metastatic foci and all intravascular emboli of tumour cells. Positivity for laminin receptors was associated with shorter survival in functioning (P = 0.026) and non-functioning (P = 0.042) tumours, as well as in the whole series of pancreatic endocrine tumours (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, laminin receptor expression was not an independent prognostic factor, while a Ki-67 index above 5.0 per cent was the most powerful predictor of survival. However, the association of laminin receptor expression and Ki-67 index could identify a group of malignant PETs with low proliferative activity characterized by an intermediate prognosis. In conclusion, these data suggest that monomeric laminin receptors may play a role in the invasion and metastasis of PETs and that their expression may be an additional prognostic factor, along with proliferative activity.
Comparisons of milk quality on North Carolina organic and conventional dairies (2013)

The organic dairy industry is growing rapidly across the United States and has recently expanded into the southeastern states. To date, no published comparisons of milk quality exist between organic and conventional dairies in the Southeastern United States. Maintaining high milk quality is challenging in this region due to the longer periods of high heat and humidity. The objective of this observational study was to compare milk quality on organic and conventional dairies in North Carolina during the warm summer months of the year. Data were compared from 7 organically and 7 conventionally managed herds in North Carolina. To assess milk quality, milk samples were aseptically collected from each functional quarter of each cow in the milking herds at the time of sampling and linear somatic cell scores (SCS) were obtained for individual cows. A total of 4,793 quarter milk samples (2,526 conventional and 2,267 organic) were collected from 1,247 cows (652 conventional and 595 organic). Milk samples were cultured and bacterial growth was identified using protocols consistent with those of the National Mastitis Council (Verona, WI). Subclinical mastitis was defined as the presence of SCS ≥ 4 and also a microbiological infection in at least 1 quarter. The proportion of cows with subclinical mastitis did not differ between conventional (20.8%) and organic (23.3%) herds. No significant difference was observed between herd management types in the proportion of cows without microbiological growth in milk samples. Also, no significant differences were observed between organic and conventional herds for cow-level prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., or Corynebacterium spp. Two of the organic herds had a notably higher prevalence of Corynebacterium spp. and higher SCS. Coliforms were found in 5 of 7 conventional herds and in only 1 of 7 organic herds. Mean SCS did not differ between conventional (3.3±0.2) and organic (3.5±0.2) herds. Despite differences in herd management, milk quality was remarkably similar between the organic and conventional dairies compared for this study.
Free trade, fair trade and job loss (2001)

Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) was first identified in 1985. Initially considered to be rare, PCV is currently frequently diagnosed in patients of African and Asian descent. In Caucasians, PCV counts for 10% of cases of AMD, and for up to 85% of patients with hemorrhagic or exudative retinal pigment epithelial detachment. Although the clinical presentation can be suggestive, extensive investigation with the indispensable indocyanine green angiography, is required for confirmation of PCV. Treatment has to be considered in active disease threatening the macula. Photodynamic therapy with Verteporfin is required for closure of PCV complexes. Anti-VEGF treatment reduces associated macular edema.
HB/SNFs feasible, despite looming prospective payments. (1992)

Hospital-based skilled nursing facilities provide hospitals with favourable reimbursement levels because patient care is reimbursed according to costs rather than under a prospective payment system. The promise of case-mix Medicare reimbursements has not dampened the growth in the number of HB/SNFs.
Descriptions of several species of Trichoptera (1958)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
A simplified minimal-realization algorithm for a symmetric transfer-function matrix (1973)

The mamimal-realization technique for a symmetric transfer-function matrix suggested earlier has been simplified in the light of the algorithm suggested recently by Chen and Mittal, thereby significantly reducing the computing time and memory storage required.
An MEC-MFC-Coupled System for Biohydrogen Production from Acetate (2008)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that use bacteria as the catalysts to oxidize organic and inorganic matter and generate current whereas microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are a reactor for biohydrogen production by combining MFC and electrolysis. In an MEC, an external voltage must be applied to overcome the thermodynamic barrier. Here we report an MEC-MFC-coupled system for biohydrogen production from acetate, in which hydrogen was produced in an MEC and the extra power was supplied by an MFC. In this coupled system, hydrogen was produced from acetate without external electric power supply. At 10 mM of phosphate buffer, the hydrogen production rate reached 2.2 +/- 0.2 mL L(-1) d(-1), the cathodic hydrogen recovery (RH2) and overall systemic Coulombic efficiency (CEsys) were 88 to approximately 96% and 28 to approximately 33%, respectively, and the overall systemic hydrogen yield (Y(sysH2)) peaked at 1.21 mol-H2 mol-acetate(-1). The hydrogen production was elevated by increasing the phosphate buffer concentration, and the highest hydrogen production rate of 14.9 +/- 0.4 mL L(-1) d(-1) and Y(sysH2) of 1.60 +/- 0.08 mol-H2 mol-acetate(-1) were achieved at 100 mM of phosphate buffer. The performance of the MEC and the MFC was influenced by each other. This MEC-MFC-coupled system has a potential for biohydrogen production from wastes, and provides an effective way for in situ utilization of the power generated from MFCs.