gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase from <i>Escherichia </i><i>coli</i>:  An Unusual Role of Reduced FAD in Its Catalysis (2000)

The galactofuranose moiety found in many surface constituents of microorganisms is derived from UDP-d-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) via a unique ring contraction reaction catalyzed by UDP-Galp mutase. This enzyme, which has been isolated from several bacterial sources, is a flavoprotein where the FAD coenzyme is noncovalently bound. Since its catalysis does not appear to involve a redox mechanism, whether the enzyme-bound FAD plays an active role in the reaction mechanism has been obscure. To study this transformation, the corresponding E. coli mutase was purified, and the ring contraction product, UDP-Galf, was chemically synthesized. Using UDP-Galf as the substrate, a Km of 194 μM and a kcat of 1.5 s-1 for the catalysis in the reverse direction were obtained. The preference of the reaction toward the pyranose product was confirmed by an equilibrium constant of 0.057 in the forward direction. Interestingly, when the enzyme was reduced by sodium dithionite, its catalytic efficiency was increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude. A comparable rate enhancement was also noted when the flavin coenzyme was selectively reduced by photoreduction in the presence of 5-deazariboflavin under anaerobic conditions. Since mutase with either oxidized or reduced FAD is active, the change of the redox state in FAD appears to affect only the activity, but not the catalytic mechanism. It is conceivable that reduction of FAD may induce a favorable conformational change of the enzyme that may be more conducive to catalysis. It is also possible that the reduced flavin bears a higher electron density at N-1, which may then be used to stabilize the transiently formed oxocarbenium ion intermediates to facilitate catalysis. Whether structural effects, electronic effects, or a combination of both dictates the ability of FAD to enhance the rate of the mutase reaction is an interesting, albeit challenging question. Nevertheless, the present work has provided, for the first time, evidence indicating the active involvement of FAD in regulating the catalytic efficiency of this enzyme.
Calciphylaxis in a dialysis patient successfully treated with high-dose vitamin K supplementation (2017)

Calciphylaxis has high mortality. Vitamin K deficiency is common in haemodialysis patients and may be a trigger for calciphylaxis due to its role in activating matrix Gla protein (a tissue inhibitor of calcification). We report the case of a 43-year-old female haemodialysis patient who developed calciphylaxis. Two months prior to the diagnosis she was found to have an undetectable plasma vitamin K concentration. The calciphylaxis completely resolved with vitamin K supplementation and an increase in haemodialysis frequency. She did not receive sodium thiosulphate or bisphosphonates. Supplementation of vitamin K in deficient patients may improve the outcome of this condition.
Investigations on the Virus Diseases in Spinach. (Spinacia orleraea L.) I. Identification of Turnip Mosaic Virus Occuring Spinach (1978)

The infected spin aches showing yellow mosaic symptom were collected and confirmed that the causal agent was turnip mosaic virus. The results of host reaction indicated that this virus induced local lesion on the inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (B.Y) and Chenopodium amaranticolor, mosaic symptoms on chrysanthemum coronarum, spinacea oleracea and Rephanus acanthiormis. The infected leaves extracts with this virus showed positive reaction with authentic turnip mosaic virus-antiserum. The virus particles were filaments type with size of 750nm by means of dipping method in electron microscope.
Why Probation Matters (2015)

Abstract Probation matters because of its role in creating a humane justice system. At probation's core is a value base which unites the profession and has been sustained through political change. The politically driven restructuring of probation through ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ did not build on probation's achievements, nor was it evidence led. International examples show the negative impact of privatisation if values are secondary to profit. The fragmentation of service provision and removal of the requirement of a unifying probation qualification framework also pose major threats to the profession. The new Probation Institute will be important in maintaining professional identity and standards.
Power dependence of continuous-wave intracavity spectroscopy (1982)

A theoretical and experimental analysis of the mode structure of a cw dye laser is presented that explains the increase in sensitivity enhancement of cw intracavity dye-laser spectroscopy (IDLS) at low power. We propose that this high sensitivity is associated with a long mode lifetime, in analogy to pulsed IDLS, in which high sensitivity is associated with a long pulse duration. A numerical solution of the laser rate equations (including spatial inhomogeneity) shows that a long mode lifetime can be achieved when few modes are lasing. Experiments show that this condition exists only at low power.
Transdermal Drug Delivery in Parkinson’s Disease (2007)

The long-term management of Parkinson’s disease is compromised by the development of treatment-related complications that can severely limit the effectiveness of levodopa. Growing evidence implicates intermittent, or pulsatile, stimulation of dopamine receptors as one potential mechanism in their genesis. Continuous administration of medication via the transdermal route offers a potential avenue to circumvent pulsatile drug delivery and, thus, possibly deflect development of dyskinesia and motor fluctuations. The development of an effective transdermal drug preparation for Parkinson’s disease has had a long gestation, but the recent emergence of rotigotine as an effective transdermal therapy provides hope and encouragement that additional advances may also be forthcoming and that our ability to effectively treat this devastating disease will continue to grow.
Desorption kinetics of chlorobenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls: Sediment extraction with Tenax® and effects of contact time and solute hydrophobicity (1997)

Abstract A technique using Tenax TA® beads as “sink” for desorbed solute was employed to measure the kinetics of desorption of chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from laboratory-contaminated sediment. First-order rate constants of rapid and slow desorption were in the order of 10−1/h and 10−3/h, respectively. The rate constants of slow desorption correlate well with the molecular volumes of the compounds used and decrease between 2 and 34 d of equilibration. Slowly desorbing fractions increase with both increasing solute hydrophobicity and increasing equilibration time.
The Efficacy of Various Degreasing Agents Used in Trichloroacetic Acid Peels (1994)

Acetone was not found to be superior to the other agents. Furthermore, the flashpoint of acetone is markedly lower than the others, making it more flammable and hazardous in the workplace. The use of alternative degreasers may lessen or eliminate this hazard.
Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (2005)

Summary A general class of statistical models for a univariate response variable is presented which we call the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). The model assumes independent observations of the response variable y given the parameters, the explanatory variables and the values of the random effects. The distribution for the response variable in the GAMLSS can be selected from a very general family of distributions including highly skew or kurtotic continuous and discrete distributions. The systematic part of the model is expanded to allow modelling not only of the mean (or location) but also of the other parameters of the distribution of y, as parametric and/or additive nonparametric (smooth) functions of explanatory variables and/or random-effects terms. Maximum (penalized) likelihood estimation is used to fit the (non)parametric models. A Newton–Raphson or Fisher scoring algorithm is used to maximize the (penalized) likelihood. The additive terms in the model are fitted by using a backfitting algorithm. Censored data are easily incorporated into the framework. Five data sets from different fields of application are analysed to emphasize the generality of the GAMLSS class of models.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF SINGLET OXYGEN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (1978)

Abstract— In experiments on the interception of reactive intermediates of strongly oxidizing character in dye (S) sensitized photooxidations using p ‐nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO) as a selective scavenger, it has been observed that some substrates (A) or 1 O 2 acceptors (like imidazole derivatives) induce the bleaching of RNO as followed spectrophotometrically at 440 nm. Since singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) does not react chemically with RNO, this bleaching is a consequence of 1 O 2 capture by the imidazole ring which results in the formation of a trans‐annular peroxide intermediate [ 1 O 2 ] capable of inducing the bleaching of RNO (‐RNO). In the absence of RNO, [ 1 O 2 ] decomposes or rearranges into the final oxygenation product 1 O 2 : 1 Δ g Thus, the system imidazole plus RNO can be used as a sensitive and selective test for the presence of 1 O 2 in aqueous solutions. The method can also be applied in the presence of sensitizing dyes which, under visible irradiation, can partially bleach RNO even in the absence of imidazole derivatives. In such a case, the bleaching of RNO is strongly increased by the presence of imidazoles with a characteristic dependence on their concentration. The separation of the product of RNO bleaching by thin layer chromatography can serve as additional proof of the presence of 1 O 2 in the system. The imidazole plus RNO method has been applied to a number of sensitizing and non‐sensitizing dyes.
Processing-in-Memory Enabled Graphics Processors for 3D Rendering (2017)

The performance of 3D rendering of Graphics Processing Unit that converts 3D vector stream into 2D frame with 3D image effects significantly impacts users gaming experience on modern computer systems. Due to its high texture throughput requirement, main memory bandwidth becomes a critical obstacle for improving the overall rendering performance. 3D-stacked memory systems such as Hybrid Memory Cube provide opportunities to significantly overcome the memory wall by directly connecting logic controllers to DRAM dies. Although recent works have shown promising improvement in performance by utilizing HMC to accelerate special-purpose applications, a critical challenge of how to effectively leverage its high internal bandwidth and computing capability in GPU for 3D rendering remains unresolved. Based on the observation that texel fetches greatly impact off-chip memory traffic, we propose two architectural designs to enable Processing-In-Memory based GPU for efficient 3D rendering. Additionally, we employ camera angles of pixels to control the performance-quality tradeoff of 3D rendering. Extensive evaluation across several real-world games demonstrates that our design can significantly improve the performance of texture filtering and 3D rendering by an average of 3.97X (up to 6.4X) and 43% (up to 65%) respectively, over the baseline GPU. Meanwhile, our design provides considerable memory traffic and energy reduction without sacrificing rendering quality.
Method and rating system for evaluation of thermal protection. (1969)

Abstract : Thermal protection rating systems for fabrics, based on pain and blister effects in human skin, are considered in terms of: (1) precise evaluations applicable to any known temperature-time pattern, and (2) simple laboratory procedures to provide a universally useful standard rating system. The first system which is more comprehensive is difficult and requires computer operations routinely; the second, described in detail, offers a rating system which is simple, directly related to pain and blister parameters, and may be understood by the uninitiated as well as those knowledgeable in the field.
PCR detection of hemolysin (vhh) gene in Vibrio harveyi (2004)

The Vibrio harveyi hemolysin gene (vhh), which encodes for a virulence factor involved in pathogenicity to fish and shellfish species, may be targeted for species detection or strain differentiation. Primers designed for this gene were used in detection studies of V. harveyi strains from various hosts. One primer set among four tested, could amplify the expected gene fragment in PCR using templates from all 11 V. harveyi strains studied. Detection of the presence of the hemolysin gene could therefore serve as a suitable detection marker of Vibrio harveyi isolates potentially pathogenic to fish and shrimps.
Nonlocality from Local Contextuality (2016)

We experimentally show that nonlocality can be produced from single-particle contextuality by using two-particle correlations which do not violate any Bell inequality by themselves. This demonstrates that nonlocality can come from an a priori different simpler phenomenon, and connects contextuality and nonlocality, the two critical resources for, respectively, quantum computation and secure communication. From the perspective of quantum information, our experiment constitutes a proof of principle that quantum systems can be used simultaneously for both quantum computation and secure communication.
Enriching volatile compounds by a temperature gradient tube (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnriching volatile compounds by a temperature gradient tubeR. E. KaiserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 6, 965–967Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60328a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60328a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
INSPECTION OF PIPES USING LOW FREQUENCY FOCUSED GUIDED WAVES (2008)

The aim of the work presented here is to develop a pipe inspection tool that is capable of detecting, locating and then sizing any defects that may be present in the pipe section under test. The work is primarily directed towards quantifying any improvements that can be made to the current screening system by using synthetically focused imaging algorithms. The algorithms are first tested for plate imaging using a linear array and then modified for use on cylindrical structures. The minimal modifications make use of similarities between the guided wave structure in plates and pipes. The pipe imaging system is then rigorously tested using data from 3D finite element model predictions and laboratory experiments. The performance of the system is established at various inspection frequencies in terms of detection sensitivity to circumferential cracks, resolution and robustness towards set up errors. It is found that the defect sensitivity is increased by around 15 dB over the simple screening tool and cracks of circumferential extent larger than ~1.5? can be directly sized from the pipe image.
New Product Development with Internet Based Information Markets: Theory and Empirical Application (2005)

Successful new product development is crucial for firmsâ competitive advantage. Despite various sophisticated methods and high investments, new products still face notoriously high failure rates. A very critical stage in new product development is product concept testing for the go/no-go decision in further product development. Since there is a high number of different product concepts to test, there obviously is a need for a reliable, valid and efficient method, which can benefit from the scalability and interactivity of Internet-based technologies. Internet-based information markets are a new method to support new product development, based on the market efficiency hypothesis. We empirically evaluate product concepts with information markets. Further, we compare the results of the information markets with traditional research methods.
Reliability and survivability of wireless and mobile networks (2000)

The world is becoming more dependent on wireless and mobile services, but the ability of wireless network infrastructures to handle the growing demand is questionable. As wireless and mobile services grow, weaknesses in network infrastructures become clearer. Failures not only affect current voice and data use but could also limit emerging wireless applications such as e-commerce and high-bandwidth Internet access. As wireless and mobile systems play greater roles in emergency response, including 911 and enhanced 911 services, network failures take on life-or-death significance. Therefore, in addition to directing some attention to designing survivable wireless and mobile networks, developers must also keep in mind that increasingly pervasive and demanding services will further escalate the importance of reliability and survivability requirements. The authors explain several options providers must consider to decrease the number of network failures and to cope with failures when they do occur.
Effects of Various Blood Warmers on the Components of Bank Blood (1974)

Four currently available blood warmers, the DuPaCo Hemokinetitherm, Taurus Model 300 electromagnetic unit, Ohio Model 987 microwave (2450 mHZ) unit, and Fenwal 4R4304 dry-heat unit, were evaluated for their effects on VDRL-positive (venereal disease research laboratory), CPD bank blood (citrate, phosphate and dextrose), 1 to 23 days old. Changes in chemical composition, electrolytes, enzymes, red cell survival, and free hemoglobin levels were recorded. During the warming process, changes similar to those caused by aging were produced by both electromagnetic units, being more pronounced with the radio wave than the microwave unit, the latter causing hemolysis in approximately 35 to 40 percent of bags warmed. This may have resulted from a lack of even penetration of microwaves, so that only the superficial layers of the blood were warmed. The dry-heat unit caused by hemolysis in 35 percent of blood samples, possibly because of stagnation of red cells in coil-like recesses, coupled with uneven heat distribution on the heating plates. The water-bath blood warmer produced the least enzyme and electrolyte changes and caused no significant degree of hemolysis.
A New Aliasing Extension Method for Ultrasonic 2-Dimensional Pulsed Doppler Systems (1989)

The mean frequency aliasing problem originating from the pulse repetition frequency is one of major limitations in ultrasound pulsed Doppler systems. A conventional approach to resolving this problem is to track the mean frequencies close to and beyond the Nyquist frequency along the temporal axis. In this paper, a new concept of tracking the mean frequencies along the spatial axis is proposed for the same problem. The technique is fault tolerable and more suitable for multigate and 2-D Doppler systems than conventional methods. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed system has improved performance compared with that of the conventional systems.
How to stop worrying and start loving C++. II (1994)

The previous session for C++ gurus dealt with the general subject of indirection in C++, specifically the use of "smart pointers" that take the place of *-style variables while improving the reliability and flexibility of your code, see ibid vol. 9 (June 1994). In the present paper we examine the idea of representing collections by overloading operator and then move on to iterators and cursors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Fusible Branched Polyphenylenes (1967)

Abstract Fusible polyphenylenes with molecular weights approaching 3000 have been prepared by the cationic oxidative polymerization of m-terphenyl, o-terphenyl,1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, or mixtures of the terphenyls with biphenyl and with benzene. Polymerizations were carried out in the molten state with either aluminum chloride catalyst and cupric chloride as oxidizer or the much less efficient ferric chloride, which served both functions. Fusible polymer fractions were isolated by a series of continuous extractions with hot aromatic solvents. Polymers in the 2000-to-3000 molecular-weight range generally melted between 300 and 400°C. The polymer chains are presumed to have phenyl branches besides some fused ring structures, evidence of the latter being their carbon-to-hydrogen ratios of up to 1.67.
Psychiatric symptoms in patients with focal cortical degeneration. (1994)

The psychiatric phenomenology exhibited by a mixed group of patients with focal cortical degeneration (FCD) is described. The diagnosis of FCD was made in the presence of a slowly progressive focal neuropsychological deficit without evidence of infarct or neoplasm. Localized or asymmetric atrophy was present on neuroimaging (CT or MRI) and positron emission tomography demonstrated focal hypometabolism or in those assessed later in the disease an area of maximal hypometabolism which correlated with the neuropsychological deficit. FCD patients exhibited prominent obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Obsessive-compulsive features were often repetitive, stereotyped and bizarre and occurred in association with frontal and left temporal atrophy and hypometabolism and were absent in those with predominant posterior cortical pathology.
As condições de vida e do trabalhador urbano no Brasil e as expectativas sobre a imigração européia um panorama a partir dos Relatórios Consulares Ingleses em 1870 (2001)

On 1870 the Foreign Office send to all the British consular representations a series of questions about urban conditions of work all over the world. They were interested on the ideal conditions to British who immigrate because of technological unemployment after the Industrial Revolution. This study try to understand and to show, British consuls perspective on working conditions in Brazil, specially in Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Para e Amazonas, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo. This presentation try to rebuild and order this information, central for its information and for its time - the beginning of emancipation process after the slavery in Brazil.