gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> 0157:H7 on Vacuum‐Packaged Raw Beef Treated with Polylactic Acid, Lactic Acid, and Nisin (2002)

ABSTRACT: The antimicrobial effect of 2% low molecular weight polylactic acid (LMW‐PLA), 2% lactic acid (LA), 200 IU nisin (Nisaplin™)/mL, and combinations of nisin and each acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7 on raw beef was investigated. Fresh beef, inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and treated with each solution, was vacuum packaged and stored at 4 °C for 28 d. At day 28, counts of samples treated with LMW‐PLA, NPLA, LA, and NLA were significantly reduced to 3.13,2.91, 2.99, and 2.83 log 10 CFU/cm 2 , respectively. However, the antimicrobial effect of LMW‐PLA and LA was not significantly different from each other and Nisaplin did not enhance the effects of either acid against this organism.
Development of a Single Reagent Polarisation Fluoroimmunoassay for the Detection of Opiates in Urine (1988)

The design, development, and optimisation of a simple polarisation fluoroimmunoassay to detect the opiate group of drugs, in urine, is described. Urine (10 microL) is added to 1.5 mL of a single reagent, prepared by mixing ovine anti-opiate serum with fluorescein-labelled morphine. After incubation for 30 min at 30 degrees C, or 60 min at room temperature, fluorescence polarisation is measured. The assay can be used as a "stat" test or automated for large batch screening and detects the commonly abused opiates, heroin (through its metabolite morphine), codeine, and dihydrocodeine.
Assessment of End-of-life Strategies for Automation Technology Components (2017)

Automation technology components (ATCs) are often used in highly individual applications by manufacturing companies. The large variety of different use scenarios creates high uncertainty concerning most suitable end-of-life strategies. Typical strategies that can be implemented during the products end-of-life stage are reuse, repair, remanufacturing and recycling. As each of these strategies has a different effect on the products economic and environmental performance an assessment method is needed that respects relevant parameters. Most publications illustrate methods for environmental or sustainable product assessment. Much less is known about how end-of-life strategies can be assessed for a product. For this reason, the article discusses a procedure for the assessment of end-of-life strategies with an examplary prototype tool for pneumatic cylinders.
Mono-Wheeled Flexible Track Capable of Climbing High Steps and Adapting to Rough Terrains (2020)

In regions prone to disasters, the instability of the ground and risk of collapse are the primary factors limiting rescue operations. For ensuring the safety and effectiveness of these operations, a remotely controlled search robot is desired. Accordingly, projects are being conducted for exploring rapid and comprehensive rescue response by deploying a mass of small searching robots from aerial drones. As the payload of drones is limited, the robots must be small and lightweight; however, mobile robots with high mobility on rough terrain typically possess complex structures and tend to be heavy. In this study, we propose a novel mobile mechanism with a simple structure and high mobility that is composed of an elastic track belt, which deforms to adapt to irregular obstacles and is driven by a single sprocket. The system was evaluated and compared with a general wheel robot on the basis of its performance in step-climbing tests. The ratio of the maximum height climbed by the proposed mechanism to its wheel diameter is 145%, and its maximum height is 2.9 times than that achieved by the conventional robot. Furthermore, the results are superior when compared to those of the conventional continuous-track-type mechanisms. Overall, our method can be applied to any miniaturized robot that is required to possess high mobility on rough terrains.
Obstacles Perception for Serpentine Robot Based on Optical Flow Modules and Multi-Sensor Fusion (2011)

To move efficiently in an unknown environment, a mobile robot must use observations taken by various sensors to detect obstacles. This paper describes a new approach to detect obstacles for serpentine robot. It captures the image sequence and analyzed the optical flow modules to estimate the deepness of the scene. This avoids one or higher order differential in the traditional optical flow calculation. The data of ultrasonic sensor and attitude transducer sensor are fused into the algorithm to improve the real-time capability and the robustness. The detecting results are presented by fuzzy diagrams which is concise and convenient. Indoor and outdoor experimental results demonstrate that this method can provide useful and comprehensive environment perception for the robot.
MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS IN THERMIONIC PLASMA DIODES. Final Technical Report (1963)

Experiments to determine the effects of transverse snd longitudinal magnetic fields on thermionic current transmission are described. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions and suggest the possibility of using magnetic modulation for a-c generation. (auth)
Friction Stir Welding Development at National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Marshall Space Flight Center (2001)

This paper presents an over-view of friction stir welding (FSW) process development and applications at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). FSW process development started as a laboratory curiosity but soon found support from many users. The FSW process advanced very quickly and has found many applications both within and outside the aerospace industry. It is currently being adapted for joining key elements of the Space Shuttle External Tank for improved producibility and reliability. FSW process modeling is done to better understand and improve the process. Special tools have been developed to weld variable thickness materials including very thin and very thick materials. FSW is now being applied to higher temperature materials such as copper and to advanced materials such as metal matrix composites. FSW technology is being successfully transferred from MSFC laboratory to shop floors of many commercial companies.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route for the Synthesis of Mono‐Fluorinated Allyl Alcohols Using the Stereoselective Wittig Olefination via Reaction of (α‐Fluorovinyl)triphenylphosphonium Triflate. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Thrombomodulin Whose Binding Is Calcium Dependent (1989)

Four monoclonal antibodies to human thrombomodulin were characterized. Binding of two of these antibodies was dependent on the presence of calcium ions, and approximately 5 mM calcium was required for their maximum binding. These two antibodies inhibited the binding of thrombin to thrombomodulin, thereby inhibiting activation of protein C catalyzed by thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. These two antibodies bind to a major active fragment formed by limited proteolytic digestions of thrombomodulin with elastase and trypsin, suggesting that the antibodies bind to the thrombin-binding site (or its vicinity) located in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-homology domain. One of the other calcium-independent antibodies also inhibited the binding of thrombin and the activation of protein C, but the inhibition was very weak and was observed only when the antibody was present in a molar excess over thrombomodulin. This antibody did not bind to the protease digests of thrombomodulin. Another calcium-independent antibody did not inhibit either thrombin binding or protein C activation, but bound to the active fragment of protease digests, suggesting that the antibody binds to a region other than the thrombin-binding site in the EGF-homology domain. These observations suggest that thrombomodulin undergoes a calcium-dependent conformational change which may occur in proximity to a thrombin-binding site located in the EGF-homology domain.
Dynamic signal optimization for traffic networks (2017)

An adaptive real-time applicable optimization method for traffic signal control in road networks is presented. The approach is based on a suitable macroscopic traffic model that is sufficiently accurate and computationally efficient. A model predictive control strategy is utilized to optimize traffic signaling throughout the traffic network. Fluctuating demands and changing road capacity are taken into account at every control interval. The control strategy, i. e. the choice of optimization goals, is flexible can be set on-line. A combination of optimization goals can be assigned to each link. The introduced concept is validated via simulation on a generic traffic network with the optimization goal to minimize average jam length. Comparison with a classic signal optimization that yields a static signal setting shows that the proposed method is capable of clearing traffic jams and thereby increases overall traffic throughput.
A New Class of Conformationally Rigid Analogues of 4-Amino-5-halopentanoic Acids, Potent Inactivators of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase (2000)

Recently, we found (Qiu, J.; Pingsterhaus, J. M.; Silverman, R. B. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 4725-4728) that conformationally rigid analogues of the GABA aminotransferase (GABA-AT) inactivator vigabatrin were not inactivators of GABA-AT. To determine if this is a general phenomenon of GABA-AT inactivators, several mono- and di-halogen-substituted conformationally rigid analogues (7-15) of other GABA-AT inactivators, 4-amino-5-halopentanoic acids, were synthesized as potential inactivators of GABA-AT. Four of them, (+)-7, (-)-9, (+)-10, and (+)-15, were inactivators, although not as potent as the corresponding open-chain analogues. The maximal inactivation rate constants, k(inact), for the fluoro- and bromo-substituted analogues were comparable, indicating that cleavage of the C-X bond is not rate determining. Consistent with that observation is the finding that [3-(2)H]-10 exhibits a deuterium isotope effect on inactivation of 3.3, suggesting that C-H bond cleavage is the rate-determining step. The rate of inactivation of GABA-AT by the fluorinated analogue 7 is 1/15 that of inactivation by the corresponding open-chain analogue, 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid (3a). Whereas inactivation by 3a releases only one fluoride ion, inactivation by 7 releases 148 fluoride ions, accounting for the less efficient inactivation rate. Inactivation leads to covalent attachment of 2 equiv of inactivator after gel filtration; upon urea denaturation, 1 equiv of radioactivity remains bound to the enzyme. This suggests that, unlike the open-chain anlogue, the conformationally rigid analogue becomes, at least partially, attached to an active-site residue. It appears that the conformational constraint has a larger effect on inactivators that inactivate by a Michael addition mechanism than by an enamine mechanism.
Tris(4-acetamidophenoxymethyl)methanol 0.7-hydrate (2008)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(28)H(31)N(3)O(7)·0.7H(2)O, contains a mol-ecule of tris-(4-acetamido-phenoxy-meth-yl)methanol and 0.7 of a water mol-ecule. An extensive hydrogen-bonding network includes inter-actions between all components of the crystal structure.
Three-dimensional viscous analysis of ducts and flow splitters (1983)

Until recently, viscous compressible flow solutions have not been sufficiently accurate for practical application to problems associated with internal, three-dimensional duct flow. However, to analyze the effects and predict the losses due to secondary and corner flows in nonaxisymmetr ic ducts with flow splitters, a fully viscous, three-dimensional compressible flow solution is required. This paper compares the results of the threedimensional viscous analysis to those of conventional methods and scale-model test data for several mixer-nozzle lobe designs. The comparison demonstrates that this three-dimensional viscous analysis accurately predicts velocity and static-pressure distributions. The analysis also reliably predicts relative ranking with regard to losses. These capabilities enhance design optimization and can provide insight for test program development and reduce program test costs. Nomenclature a = local speed of sound flcr = critical velocity & = lobe aspect ratio Cf = thrust coefficient CP = specific heat at constant pressure h = static enthalpy hj = reference enthalpy ke = effective conductivity L = length Lref = reference length P = static pressure Pplug = plug static pressure Pr = molecular Prandtl number Pr = turbulent Prandtl number Pt = total pressure R — radius or gas constant S = entropy t —time T = static temperature TR = lobe taper ratio U = viscous velocity Fact = actual velocity Fid = ideal velocity W = lobe width W = velocity vector x = stream wise distance 7 = ratio of specific heats X = second coefficient of viscosity />t = molecular viscosity Me = effective viscosity Pf = turbulent component of viscosity £ = density ratio p — density Pi = reference density 0 =irrotational velocity potential $ = dissipation function a> = loss coefficient
Comparison of Insect Hemoglobins (Erythrocruorins) from<i>Chironomus thummi thummi</i>and<i>Chironomus thummi piger (Diptera).</i>The Primary Structure of the Monomeric Hemoglobin CTP III (1989)

The monomeric hemoglobin fractions of Chironomus thummi thummi (CTT) and Chironomus thummi piger (CTP) differ in the ratio of their components. The determination of the primary structure of the component CTP III was achieved by automatic Edman degradation of the native chain, the tryptic peptides and the C-terminal fragment, obtained by cleavage at the single tryptophan residue. It revealed two chains in the ratio 1:1 which share the ambiguity threonine/isoleucine in position 57 with CTT III. Whereas one chain is identical to the CTT III hemoglobin, the other differs in having isoleucine in position 105 and alanine in position 134. The CTP monomeric hemoglobin fraction comprises 8% of a component (CTP IV A) with a more negative charge than CTT IV but with an identical sequence up to position 44. This study reveals a very high polymorphism within Chironomus species and points out the need for more data at the gene level in order to provide better understanding of this striking phenomenon.
Energetics of proline racemase: transition-state fractionation factors for the two protons involved in the catalytic steps (1986)

The isotope effects for the interconversion of L-proline and D-proline, catalyzed by proline racemase, have been determined in the saturated region with both [2-2H]proline and [2-3H]proline. The deuterium fractionation factors for each of the protons in flight have been obtained from two kinds of experiment: by measuring the rate of racemization of one [2-2H]proline enantiomer as it racemizes into an equilibrated pool of unlabeled proline and by measuring the deuterium content of a proline sample at the optical rotation maximum that occurs when an equimolar mixture of one deuterium-labeled enantiomer and the other unlabeled enantiomer runs to equilibrium. The tritium fractionation factors for each of the protons in flight have been determined from measurements of the rate of loss of tritium to the solvent as one [2-3H]proline enantiomer runs to equilibrium. Good agreement is found among the fractionation factors determined by each method. The deuterium fractionation factors for the two protons are not identical: that for the proton derived from L-proline is 0.375 and that for the proton derived from D-proline is 0.44. This difference has been confirmed by a double-competition experiment in which the optical rotation of a mixture of DL-[2-2H]proline and unlabeled DL-proline is followed with time. The rotation (initially zero) passes through a maximum, from which the ratio of the two fractionation factors (0.86) is obtained. These data, coupled with the equilibrium fractionation factor for the 2-position of proline (which has been determined to be 1.17), provide the transition-state factors for each of the in-flight protons, and delineate the nature of the transition state(s) for the enzyme-catalyzed racemization.
Agile Tasking of Robotic Kitting (2021)

Abstract Manufacturers are looking for intelligent solutions to increase quality and productivity. Smart manufacturing envisions production empowered by autonomous robots that can complete tasks intelligently, with the focus on adaptability, flexibility, and versatility. In such systems, agile tasking plays an important role, as it is critical for robots to be quickly tasked to perform an operation. However, task agility is not limited to the speed of tasking robots, but also includes other features such as handling task failure, planning for new goals, interchangeability of data and task plans between different robots, and adapting to dynamic environments. Because robot task agility requires sophisticated dynamic and continuous planning and replanning, the Gwendolen agent programming language was chosen to evaluate as the agile robot planner. In this paper, we develop a manufacturing kitting case study and provide a list of kitting performance metrics to evaluate performance. The case study uses Gwendolen, Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL), Robot Operating System (ROS) and Gazebo software components in combination to simulate and evaluate kitting. We explore the strengths of Gwendolen agile tasking to assess the operation against the kitting performance metrics.
Abstract 14497: B Cells are Major Contributors to Aggravated Atherosclerosis Following Myocardial Infarction (2017)

Background: Patients who survive Myocardial Infarctions (MI) have greatly increased risk of recurrent MI or stroke originating from non-culprit lesions, despite intensive post-MI management. Mouse ...
Development of an Animal Model for Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome (1991)

An animal model for organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) was developed using the guinea pig. Animals were exposed to airborne cotton dust at 78–33 mg m−3 for 6 h. A febrile response of 1.1–1.5°C occurred by 5 h and lasted for several hours. Concurrent with this response was a change in pulmonary function, which consisted of rapid, shallow breathing with airflow limitation during exhalation. Evaluation of bronchoal-veolar lavage indicated a neutrophilic inflammation of the lung and increased amounts of tumor necrosis factor None of the above changes was found in a control group of animals exposed under the same conditions to cellulose dust at 41 mg m−3. The animal model thus displayed the distinguishing characteristics of ODTS, that is, a febrile reaction and a neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation. As such, the model has the potential to contribute toward increased understanding of the mechanism of this disorder and the etiologic agents causing response.
Effect of circulating factors on cerebral artery function during hyperglycemic stroke (2011)

We investigated the influence of circulating factors on vascular function of middle cerebral arteries (MCA) as a potential mechanism controlling perfusion and stroke outcome during hyperglycemic stroke. Nonischemic MCA were isolated from male Wistar rats, cannulated and perfused with plasma (20% in buffer) from rats that were hyperglycemic by STZ (50mg/kg) for 5 days and that underwent either MCA occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hrs with 2 hrs reperfusion (MCAO, n=8) or a 4 hour sham procedure (Sham, n=8). Control vessels were perfused with buffer without plasma (CTL, n=8). Myogenic responses and constriction to NOS inhibition by a single concentration (0.1mM) of L‐NNA were compared. Arteries perfused with Sham and MCAO plasma had significantly increased myogenic tone vs. CTL (at 75mmHg: 30±3 and 22±4% vs. 10 ±3%;p<0.01 vs. CTL). Sham and MCAO plasma vessels also had smaller lumen diameters vs. CTL (at 75mmHg: 210±14μm and 193±9μm vs. 243±9μm; p<0.05). Constriction to L‐NNA was decreased only in the MCAO plasma group. The percent constriction to L‐NNA for CTL, Sham and MCAO plasma was: 41±5%, 31±5% (ns) and 4±1% (p<0.01 vs. both). These results suggest that circulating factors in plasma during postischemic reperfusion increase tone in MCA possibly through an effect on NO. Further experiments are needed to determine what circulating factors are in both types of plasma that affect tone. Supported by RO1NS043316 and PO1HL9548801.
Investigating the Social Representations of the Identification of Code Smells by Practitioners and Students from Brazil (2019)

Context: The identification of code smells is one of the most subjective tasks in software engineering. A key reason is the influence of collective aspects of communities working on this task, such as their beliefs regarding the relevance of certain smells. However, collective aspects are often neglected in the context of smell identification. For this purpose, we can use the social representations theory. Social representations comprise the set of values, behaviors, and practices of communities associated with a social object, such as the task of identifying smells. Aim: To characterize the social representations behind smell identification. Method: We conducted an empirical study on the social representations of smell identification by two communities. One community is composed of postgraduate students from different Brazilian universities. The other community is composed of practitioners located in Brazilian companies, having different levels of experience in code reviews. We analyzed the associations made by the study participants about smell identification, i.e., what immediately comes to their minds when they think about this task. Results: One of the key findings is that the community of students and practitioners have stronger associations with different types of code smells. Students share a strong belief that smell identification is a matter of measurement, while practitioners focus on the structure of the source code and its semantics. Besides, we found that only practitioners frequently associate the task with individual skills. This finding suggests research directions on code smells may be revisited. Conclusion: We found evidence that social representations theory allows identifying research gaps and opportunities by looking beyond the borders of formal knowledge and individual opinions. Therefore, this theory can be considered an important resource for conducting qualitative studies in software engineering.
Regioselective de-O-benzylation with Lewis acids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective de-O-benzylation with Lewis acidsHiroshi Hori, Yoshihiro Nishida, Hiroshi Ohrui, and Hiroshi MeguroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 6, 1346–1353Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00267a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00267a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3147Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts