gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution two-dimensional carrier profiling on sub-100nm silicon nano-devices using scanning spreading resistance microscopy (2004)

This work presents the recent progress in scanning spreading resistance microscopy( SSRM) capabilities highlighting enhanced spatial resolution (<5 nm) and excellent concentration sensitivity (<20%). The latter is demonstrated through the analysis of three carrier profiling applications i.e. the calibration of process simulations for a 90 nm n-MOS technology, the determination of the impact of nitridation on the lateral diffusion in a 40 nm n-MOS technology and the study of activation problems in SPER-anneals of shallow implants.
Notice of Retraction: A study of concrete initial setting time's influence on cable cranes' utilization (2010)

This article has been retracted by the publisher.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Shikimic Acid (XIII) and (+)‐5‐epi‐ Shikimic Acid (XI) by Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reaction of (S)‐α‐ Sulfinylacrylates. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Weed Hosts of <i>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</i> in Cyprus (2010)

An extensive study was conducted during 2007 and 2008 in three major tomato production areas of Cyprus, where Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is commonly found, to assess the incidence and prevalence of naturally infected weed species that could serve as TYLCV reservoirs. Approximately 4,000 of the most common dicotyledonous plants belonging to 122 species from 25 families were collected, identified, and tested for TYLCV presence using serological and molecular methods. The tests included a previously reported conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and a real-time TaqMan PCR assay developed and optimized in this study. Real-time PCR was found to be the most sensitive technique, and enabled the detection of TYLCV in 461 samples of 49 different species belonging to the families Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae, Primulaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae, and Urticaceae. The results further indicated that the host range of TYLCV in Cyprus is far more extensive than previously documented and, therefore, new management strategies are required. These should focus on the control of alternative virus hosts during the growing season and in crop-free periods.
Interval Assignment for Volumes with Holes (1999)

This paper presents a new technique for automatically detecting interval constraints for swept volumes with holes. The technique finds true volume constraints that are not necessarily imposed by the surfaces of the volume. A graphing algorithm finds independent, parallel paths of edges from source surfaces to target surfaces. The number of intervals on two paths between a given source and target surface must be equal; in general, the collection of paths determine a set of linear constraints. Linear programming techniques solve the interval assignment problem for the surface and volume constraints simultaneously.
Fuzzy Logic Based Image Fusion (2002)

The fusion of visual and infrared sensor images of potential driving hazards in static infrared and visual scenes is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented as a new method for combining images from different sensors for achieving an image that displays more information than either image separately. Both Mamdani and ANFIS methods are used. The fused sensor images are compared to metrics to measure the increased perception of a driving hazard in the sensor-fused image. The metrics are correlated to experimental ranking of the image quality. The image rankings are obtained by presenting imagery in the TARDEC Visual Perception Lab (VPL) to subjects. Probability of detection of a driving hazard is computed using data obtained in observer tests.
Atheroprotective Effect of Human Apolipoprotein A5 in a Mouse Model of Mixed Dyslipidemia (2008)

Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Because apolipoprotein (Apo)A5 regulates plasma triglyceride levels, we investigated the impact of human (h)ApoA5 on atherogenesis. The influence of hApoA5 transgenic expression was studied in the ApoE2 knock-in mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia. Our results demonstrate that hApoA5 lowers plasma triglyceride levels in Western diet-fed ApoE2 knock-in mice. Moreover, atherosclerotic lesion development was significantly decreased in the hApoA5 transgenic mice. Finally, pharmacologic activation of hApoA5 expression by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist fenofibrate resulted in an enhanced atheroprotection. These results identify an atheroprotective role of hApoA5 in a mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia.
Generalized just-in-time trace compilation using a parallel task farm in a dynamic binary translator (2011)

Dynamic Binary Translation (DBT) is the key technology behind cross-platform virtualization and allows software compiled for one Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) to be executed on a processor supporting a different ISA. Under the hood, DBT is typically implemented using Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation of frequently executed program regions, also called traces. The main challenge is translating frequently executed program regions as fast as possible into highly efficient native code. As time for JIT compilation adds to the overall execution time, the JIT compiler is often decoupled and operates in a separate thread independent from the main simulation loop to reduce the overhead of JIT compilation. In this paper we present two innovative contributions. The first contribution is a generalized trace compilation approach that considers all frequently executed paths in a program for JIT compilation, as opposed to previous approaches where trace compilation is restricted to paths through loops. The second contribution reduces JIT compilation cost by compiling several hot traces in a concurrent task farm. Altogether we combine generalized light-weight tracing, large translation units, parallel JIT compilation and dynamic work scheduling to ensure timely and efficient processing of hot traces. We have evaluated our industry-strength, LLVM-based parallel DBT implementing the ARCompact ISA against three benchmark suites (EEMBC, BioPerf and SPEC CPU2006) and demonstrate speedups of up to 2.08 on a standard quad-core Intel Xeon machine. Across short- and long-running benchmarks our scheme is robust and never results in a slowdown. In fact, using four processors total execution time can be reduced by on average 11.5% over state-of-the-art decoupled, parallel (or asynchronous) JIT compilation.
Potential antidepressants. Synthesis of 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-yl (dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl ethers, sulfides, amines and some related compounds (1990)

Reactions of 11-chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,e ]thiepin and its 2-bromo derivative with the isomeric (dimethylaminomethyl)phenols, (dimethylaminomethyl)thiophenols, and (dimethylaminomethyl)anilines in toluene afforded the title compounds IIIb,c, Va, VIIIa,b,c, and Xa,b,c . Reactions of 11-chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,e ]thiepin and its 2-chloro and 2-methyl derivatives with N,N-dimethyl-2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethylamine and N,N-dimethyl-3-(4-aminophenoxy)propylamine by heating in dimethylformamide in the presence of sodium carbonate gave the diamino ethers XI-XIV . The compounds showed only indications of the antidepressant agents profile and some antimicrobial effects in vitro.
El quid de las buenas ideas (2000)

En un momento en el que la mayoria de los nuevos productos fracasa, cinco reglas pueden incrementar las oportunidades de situar una nueva oferta en el mercado.
Improving deep neural network design with new text data representations (2017)

Using traditional machine learning approaches, there is no single feature engineering solution for all text mining and learning tasks. Thus, researchers must determine and implement the best feature engineering approach for each text classification task; however, deep learning allows us to skip this step by extracting and learning high-level features automatically from low-level text representations. Convolutional neural networks, a popular type of neural network for deep learning, have been shown to be effective at performing feature extraction and classification for many domains including text. Recently, it was demonstrated that convolutional neural networks can be used to train classifiers from character-level representations of text. This approach achieved superior performance compared to classifiers trained on word-level text representations, likely due to the use of character-level representations preserving more information from the data. Training neural networks from character level data requires a large volume of instances; however, the large volume of training data and model complexity makes training these networks a slow and computationally expensive task. In this paper, we propose a new method of creating character-level representations of text to reduce the computational costs associated with training a deep convolutional neural network. We demonstrate that our method of character embedding greatly reduces training time and memory use, while significantly improving classification performance. Additionally, we show that our proposed embedding can be used with padded convolutional layers to enable the use of current convolutional network architectures, while still facilitating faster training and higher performance than the previous approach for learning from character-level text.
Impaired autophagic flux is associated with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress during the development of NAFLD (2014)

The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in human and mouse hepatocytes during NAFLD. ER stress and autophagy markers were analyzed in livers from patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatosis (NAS) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared with livers from subjects with histologically normal liver, in livers from mice fed with chow diet (CHD) compared with mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and in primary and Huh7 human hepatocytes loaded with palmitic acid (PA). In NASH patients, significant increases in hepatic messenger RNA levels of markers of ER stress (activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)) and autophagy (BCN1) were found compared with NAS patients. Likewise, protein levels of GRP78, CHOP and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) autophagic substrate were significantly elevated in NASH compared with NAS patients. In livers from mice fed with HFD or MCD, ER stress-mediated signaling was parallel to the blockade of the autophagic flux assessed by increases in p62, microtubule-associated protein 2 light chain 3 (LC3-II)/LC3-I ratio and accumulation of autophagosomes compared with CHD fed mice. In Huh7 hepatic cells, treatment with PA for 8 h triggered activation of both unfolding protein response and the autophagic flux. Conversely, prolonged treatment with PA (24 h) induced ER stress and cell death together with a blockade of the autophagic flux. Under these conditions, cotreatment with rapamycin or CHOP silencing ameliorated these effects and decreased apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that the autophagic flux is impaired in the liver from both NAFLD patients and murine models of NAFLD, as well as in lipid-overloaded human hepatocytes, and it could be due to elevated ER stress leading to apoptosis. Consequently, therapies aimed to restore the autophagic flux might attenuate or prevent the progression of NAFLD.
The Development and Application of HLA Tetramers in the Detection, Characterization and Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

Islet antigens are presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules and are recognized by CD8(+) and CD4(+) autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetic individuals. Early identification of individuals at risk for the disease by detection of these antigens and the autoreactive cells themselves is essential for understanding pathogenesis and for intervention at an early stage to prevent ongoing beta-cell destruction. However, the methods of identifying autoimmune development at an early stage have appeared to be limited because of the heterogeneity of the disease. The appearance of autoantibodies in preclinical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) does not follow specific patterns and depends on patient characteristics such as age. Also, results obtained with cytokine assays revealed that the number of islet antigen-responsive T cells present in the pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of non-diabetic individuals is highly variable and can be similar to that assayed in diabetics. Therefore, new identification and detection methods are needed. In this context, the use of HLA epitopes to generate stable HLA epitope tetramers has recently proved to be a promising approach to the detection of autoreactive T cells in antigen-stimulated PBMC cultures from diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects. HLA class II tetramers have been found to be capable not only of detecting TCRalphabeta of different avidities for a common ligand, e.g. GAD65(555-567(mimitope)), but also of inducing apoptosis in lymphocytes with high TCRalphabeta avidity for this ligand. This observation even opens up a potential application of HLA class II tetramers as therapeutic agents for immune intervention in T1DM.
Tomographic Full Waveform Inversion (TFWI) by Successive Linearizations and Scale Separations (2013)

Tomographic Full waveform inversion (TFWI) provides a framework to invert the seismic data that is immune to cycle-skipping problems by extending the velocity model. However, this extension makes the propagation considerably more expensive because each multiplication by velocity becomes a convolution. We provide an alternative formulation which computes the backscattering and the forward scattering components of the gradient separately. The inversion setup includes two steps that maintain the high resolution results of TFWI. First, the linearized residual are updated in a nested inversion scheme. Second, the two components of the gradient are first mixed and then separated based on a Fourier domain scale separation to allow for a fully simultaneous inversion of model scales.
Bright Coherent Attosecond-to-Zeptosecond Kiloelectronvolt X-ray Supercontinua (2011)

We demonstrate bright coherent X-ray supercontinua generated through fully phase-matched upconversion of mid-IR laser light into the keV spectral region. The ultrabroad bandwidths can support pulse durations of few attoseconds, scalable to zeptosecond time scales.
The contribution made by surface science to understanding reactivity in heterogeneous catalysis (1990)

The impact that surface science studies have made on understanding mechanism in heterogeneous catalysis is examined. An important function is to provide a data base on surface reactivity and a number of illustrative examples are presented. Studies of the catalytic reactivity of single crystals are particularly important and cases discussed include the synthesis of both ammonia and methanol, and the reactions important in automotive exhaust purification. The role of theoretical studies in explaining promotion and poisoning of catalysts is discussed and lastly some future trends in both surface science and catalysis research are identified.
Translation initiation in the HEXB gene encoding the beta-subunit of human beta-hexosaminidase. (1990)

The human lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) is a glycoprotein composed of dimers of alpha- and/or beta-subunits. The subunits of the enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported through the Golgi apparatus to the lysosome. As such, each subunit contains an amino-terminal signal peptide that directs the nascent polypeptide into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The signal peptide cleavage site of the beta-polypeptide is known, but its NH2 terminus has not been determined due to the presence of three candidate initiation codons upstream of the cleavage site. In this study, we identified the mRNA cap site, confirming the presence of all three AUGs in the majority of HEXB mRNA. To identify the site of translation initiation, we mutated the three ATGs by deletion and site-directed mutagenesis and showed that all three AUG codons can be used for translation initiation after expression in COS cells. Furthermore, in each case, a fully processed, i.e. mature lysosomal, and enzymatically active beta-hexosaminidase was produced indicating that a functional signal peptide was synthesized. However, expression of a frameshift mutation in the normal construct, created by insertion of a single nucleotide between the first and second ATG, resulted in no significant enzyme activity or beta-subunit protein. We conclude, therefore, that the first in-frame ATG is used exclusively in vivo, in keeping with the scanning model of eukaryotic translation initiation. Interestingly, substitution of all three ATGs with CTG resulted in a significant amount of mature beta-hexosaminidase, showing that under these conditions, initiation could occur from non-AUG codons. Translation initiation from the first AUG gives the prepro-beta-polypeptide a signal peptide of 42 amino acids that has an unusually long hydrophobic core more typical of membrane spanning domains. Such a large hydrophobic core has not been found in other cleavable signal peptides.
SIMPLIFIED PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE MODELS (1993)

There is a great need for simplified pavement performance models that can be used for forecasting pavement condition on the basis of a minimal amount of available data. The development of predictive models is summarized for five conventional pavement types: asphalt concrete (flexible), composite, jointed plain concrete, jointed reinforced concrete, and continuously reinforced concrete. These models predict the present serviceability rating (PSR) using only knowledge of the pavement's age, cumulative equivalent single-axle loads, and a pavement structural parameter (structural number for flexible, overlay thickness for composite and slab thickness for concrete pavements). The models were developed from data from several reliable and readily available data bases in Illinois. A unique calibration technique was introduced and incorporated into the proposed models so that they can be used to predict the performance of existing and new pavements. The models were then extended through the development of adjustment factors to various functional groups and climatic zones using data from the actual multiyear nationwide Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) data bases. The accuracy of PSR prediction was tested for several thousand HPMS sections throughout the United States using a user-friendly computer program (SIMPERF). The results appeared to be very reasonable in a large proportion of cases analyzed. However, the models are empirical and definitely not suitable for use in pavement design or for comparison of the performance of different pavement types.
NetFPGA (2008)

Our goal is to enable fast prototyping of networking hardware (e.g. modified Ethernet switches and IP routers) for teaching and research. To this end, we built and made available the NetFPGA platform. Starting from open-source reference designs, students and researchers create their designs in Verilog, and then download them to the NetFPGA board where they can process packets at line-rate for 4-ports of 1GE. The board is becoming widely used for teaching and research, and so it has become important to make it easy to re-use modules and designs. We have created a standard interface between modules, making it easier to plug modules together in pipelines, and to create new re-usable designs. In this paper we describe our modular design, and how we have used it to build several systems, including our IP router reference design and some extensions to it.
Nitrogen storage and remobilization in Brassica napus L. during the growth cycle: effects of methyl jasmonate on nitrate uptake, senescence, growth, and VSP accumulation (2002)

The role of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) in promoting senescence has been described previously in many species, but it has been questioned in monocarpic species whether induced senescence is a result of a potential death hormone like MeJa, or a consequence of an increased metabolic drain resulting from the growth of reproductive tissue. In oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), a polypeptide of 23 kDa has been recently identified as a putative vegetative storage protein (VSP). This polypeptide could be used as a storage buffer between N losses from senescing leaves putatively promoted by methyl jasmonate that might be produced by flowers, and grain filling which occurs later on, while N uptake is strongly reduced. In order to describe causal relationships during Brassica napus L. plant responses to MeJa treatment, a kinetic experiment was performed to determine the order and the amplitude with which general processes such as growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, N uptake, and N storage under the form of the 23 kDa VSP are affected. One of the most immediate consequences of MeJa treatment was the strong reduction of nitrate uptake within 6 h, relative to control plants. However, this was not a specific effect as K(+) uptake was similarly affected. Photosynthesis was reduced later (after 24 h), while chlorophyll content as well as leaf growth also decreased in a similar way. Moreover, this was concomitant with a remobilization of endogenous unlabelled N from senescing leaves to roots. Accumulation of the 23 kDa VSP was induced in the taproot after 24 h of MeJa treatment and was increased 10-fold within 8 d. On the other hand, the reversible effect of a MeJa pretreatment was tested in the long term (i.e. along the growth cycle) using plants previously grown in field conditions induced for flowering. Results show that a MeJa pulse induced a reversible effect on N uptake inhibition. In parallel, protein immunologically related to the 23 kDa VSP was detected in stems with a similar molecular weight (23 kDa), and in flowers and leaves with a molecular weight of 24 kDa. This accumulation was concomitant with the remobilization of both subunits of Rubisco. During stem and pod development, this protein induced by MeJa is fully hydrolysed. The external and intermittent supply of MeJa mimic some of the plant physiological processes previously reported under natural conditions. This suggests that in oilseed rape, methyl jasmonate could be considered as a possible monocarpic senescence factor while accumulation/mobilization of the 23 kDa VSP in taproot could be a marker for the cessation of N uptake and the initiation of a massive leaf senescence.