gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First-Order Transition from a Kondo Insulator to a Ferromagnetic Metal in Single Crystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> (2003)

The phase diagram of FeSi(1-x)Ge(x), obtained from magnetic, thermal, and transport measurements on single crystals, shows a discontinuous transition from Kondo insulator to ferromagnetic metal with x at a critical concentration, x(c) approximately 0.25. The gap of the insulating phase strongly decreases with x. The specific heat gamma coefficient appears to track the density of states of a Kondo insulator. The phase diagram is consistent with an insulator-metal transition induced by a reduction of the hybridization with x in conjunction with disorder on the Si/Ge ligand site.
Intelligent user interfaces in digital games for empowerment and inclusion (2015)

In the context of the development of Serious Games, this position paper sheds light on their possible use to support and enhance social inclusion through the presentation of three research projects in this domain. We first describe the context of our works and research. We then report on several events joining the scientific community that focused on the research on Digital Games for Empowerment and Inclusion. Last, we propose some results of our experience in this domain. The presented work particularly highlights the importance of user-centered design in interdisciplinary cooperation with psychologists, sociologists, vulnerable end users and the practitioners. We stress the relevance of progress beyond the state-of-the-art in recently focused areas of AI, such as, in computational theory-of-mind, in affective multimodal computing, in learning of socio-emotional skills, and in recovery of human attention processes. Typical examples are given to illustrate the projects' research results.
Expression of C3b receptors on human be cells and myelomonocytic cells but not natural killer cells. (1983)

We have examined natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and myelomonocytic cells at different stages of differentiation for the expression of surface C3b receptors (C3bR). Receptor presence was detected using affinity-purified F(ab')2 anti-C3bR antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. NK cells, identified in fetal and adult tissues by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1, were C3bR- except for infrequent C3bR+ HNK-1+ cells in some blood samples. NK cells were not induced to express C3bR by exposure to interferon, target cells, or phorbol myristate acetate. B cells gradually acquired the ability to express C3bR with maturity: 15% of large pre-B cells were C3bR+, 35 to 48% of small pre-B, 60 to 80% of immature B, and 99% of mature B cells. Mature plasma cells were rarely C3bR+. Myelomonocytic cells acquire C3bR relatively late during their development, with neutrophils beginning to express C3bR during the band stage of differentiation. All adult blood myelomonocytic lineage cells, identified by the monoclonal antibody MMA and by morphology, were C3bR+.
Flow injection spectroscopic analysis of model drugs using on-line UV-diode array, FT-infrared and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2000)

A prototype flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the characterisation of compounds via a combination of diode array UV, 1H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry has been investigated using a number of pharmaceuticals and related compounds as model compounds. This combination of spectrometers allowed the on-flow collection of UV, 1H NMR, IR and mass spectra together with atomic composition data, enabling almost complete structural characterisation to be performed. Practical detection limits with the current system were in the region of 50 micrograms, however, the use of state of the art spectrometers would result in a significant reduction in the amount of material required.
Are somatic mutations predictive of response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes? (2016)

Are somatic mutations predictive of response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes?
Ionospheric <i>D</i> region electron density profiles derived from the measured interference pattern of VLF waveguide modes (2003)

The altitude profile of electron density in the D region is determined using an array of GPS‐phase‐referenced VLF receivers, allowing for the simultaneous broadband (i.e., phase coherent) measurement of a 24.0 kHz signal at multiple sites ranging in propagation path length from 3060 to 3353 km. Measured data are compared with results of model calculations for four electron density profiles used in previous work, assuming a single density profile to be in effect along the entire signal path from transmitter to receiver. Interpolation between model profiles is used to find a new profile which best fits the data. Phase coherent measurements over a range of path lengths also allow for the identification of the parameters for individual waveguide modes. Measured mode parameters agree with model calculations, within the limitations imposed by the configuration of the present array. A methodology of analysis and the required set of measurements is described, which would allow the decomposition of a VLF signal into all of its constituent waveguide modes, and accurate measurement of the characteristic parameters of each mode, namely phase velocity, attenuation rate, amplitude, and phase.
Topological phases with long-range interactions (2016)

Topological phases of matter are primarily studied in systems with short-range interactions. In nature, however, nonrelativistic quantum systems often exhibit long-range interactions. Under what conditions topological phases survive such interactions, and how they are modified when they do, is largely unknown. By studying the symmetry-protected topological phase of an antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain with 1/<i>r</i> <sup>α</sup> interactions, we show that two very different outcomes are possible, depending on whether or not the interactions are frustrated. While unfrustrated long-range interactions can destroy the topological phase for <i>α</i> ≲ 3, the topological phase survives frustrated interactions for all <i>α</i> > 0. Our conclusions are based on strikingly consistent results from large-scale matrix-product-state simulations and effective-field-theory calculations, and we expect them to hold for more general interacting spin systems. The models we study can be naturally realized in trapped-ion quantum simulators, opening the prospect for experimental investigation of the issues confronted here.
Biochemistry of Enamines (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Enamines in Thiamin Diphosphate-dependent Reactions Chemical Models of Enamine Reactivity Structure in Solution Acidity of Enamine Precursor 2-alkylthiazolium Salts at C2α in DMSO Acidity of Enamine Precursor 2-alkylthiazolium Salts at C2α Kinetics of Proton Transfer to and from C2α in 2-alkylthiazolium Salts Redox Chemistry of the Enamine Indirect Evidence for Oxidative Enamine Trapping Direct Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior of Enamines Condensation Reactions of the Enamines at C2α Enzymatic Reactions of Thiamin-bound Enamines in Decarboxylases Generation and Identification of Enamines Bound to Pyruvate Decarboxylase Visible Spectroscopic Properties of Enzyme-bound Enamines Redox Properties of Enzyme-bound Enamines Evidence for 2-acylthiamin Diphosphate Intermediates on α-keto Acid Dehydrogenases Oxidation of the Thiamin-bound Enamines on Pyruvate Decarboxylase Redox Reactions Resulting from Enamines Derived from Halopyruvate Analogs Trapping the Enzyme-bound Enamines by Flavins Adventitious Enamine Oxidation by Dioxygen Kinetic Competence of Enzyme-bound Enamines Stereochemical Behavior of Enzyme-bound Enamines Are Enamine Mimics General Transition-state Analogs for Thiamin Diphosphate-dependent Enzymes? Possible Role of Thiamin Diphosphate-dependent Enzymes in Enamine Stabilization The Reaction of Transketolase Enamines in Schiff Base Enzymes Lysine-dependent ‘Schiff Base’ Enzymes Acetoacetate Decarboxylation Class I Aldolases Pyridoxal-dependent Enzymes Pyruvyl-dependent Decarboxylations Enamines in Oxidation–reduction Cofactors Flavin Cofactors Nicotinamide Cofactors Biopterin Cofactors Enamines in Tryptophan Metabolism Recent Applications of Biochemical Enamines Enamines as Mechanism-based Enzyme Inhibitors Chiral Synthesis with Enzymes That Utilize Enamines Intermediates Acknowledgments References
Delayed kinetics of tumor necrosis factor-mediated bystander lysis by peptide-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1998)

Mouse CD8+ CTL reactive with an H-2Db presented 9-mer peptide of the human papilloma virus 16 (HPV-16) protein E749-57 (RAHYNIVTF) were generated from the splenocytes of wild-type C57BL/6 (B6), B6.perforin-deficient, B6.gld or B6.TNF-deficient mice. In short-term (4 h) assays, CTL from B6, B6.TNF-deficient and B6.gld mice displayed peptide-specific perforin- and/or Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated lysis of E7-transfected mouse RMA lymphoma cells (RMA-E7) or E749-57 peptide-pulsed RMA-S cells, while CD8+ CTL from B6.perforin-deficient mice lysed via FasL exclusively. Rapid and efficient lysis of syngeneic bystander B6 spleen T cell blasts by B6, B6.TNF-deficient or B6.perforin-deficient antigen-activated CTL was mediated apparently exclusively by a FasL/Fas mechanism. By contrast CTL from B6.gld mice did not mediate rapid bystander lysis of B6 blasts. Rather B6.gld CTL delivered delayed bystander lysis after 36-48 h that was mediated by TNF. TNF-mediated bystander lysis of syngeneic blasts appeared to be independent of class I molecules and was mediated at least in part by soluble TNF. By contrast, there was no evidence that soluble FasL-mediated bystander lysis. For the first time, these data indicate that CD8+ CTL may use FasL or TNF in a kinetically and physically distinct fashion to mediate bystander killing.
Influence of acute bupropion pre‐treatment on the effects of intranasal cocaine (2011)

The atypical antidepressant, bupropion, acutely appears to reduce preference for intranasal cocaine versus a small amount of money but to increase reported positive experiences of the drug.
Oral absorption of cephalosporin antibiotics. 3. Synthesis and biological properties of 7.alpha.-methoxy-7.beta.-arylacetamido-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids (1988)

A series of 7 alpha-methoxy-7 beta-amido-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids was prepared and evaluated for biological activity. When compared with the parent 7-non-methoxy analogues, these new 7 alpha-methoxy-3-chloro cephalosporins displayed diminished antimicrobial activity.
Fatty acids as a source of original aliphatic polycarbonates materials (2017)

National audience
An Original Microwave-Ultrasound Combined Reactor Suitable for Organic Synthesis: Application to Pyrolysis and Esterification (1996)

An original microwave-ultrasound combined reactor has been developed. Its application to organic synthesis has been shown by two examples of chemical reactions where increases in yield were demonstrated: pyrolysis and esterification.
The pharmacology of a new oxytocic principle from ox hypothalamus (1969)

1. An oxytocic substance has been isolated from ox hypothalamus by successive gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and Sephadex G-50, and its pharmacology has been examined on three smooth muscle preparations.2. The substance has the same order of potency on rat uterus, guinea-pig ileum, and hen rectal caecum.3. The action of the substance on rat uterus was not abolished by thioglycollate.4. Atropine (1.0 mug/ml.), phenoxybenzamine (0.1 mug/ml.) and mepyramine (1.0 mug/ml.) did not block the smooth muscle action of the substance.5. Drug action, relative potency, and log dose-response relationships distinguish the substance from 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine, oxytocin, vasopressin, angiotensin amide, bradykinin, and purified preparations of substance P.
2-D WDM Optical Interconnects Using Multiple-Wavelength VCSEL's for Simultaneous and Reconfigurable Communication between Many Planes (1993)

The ability to connect efficiently many high-speed ports is of critical importance for large-capacity data processing. By taking advantage of the parallel nature of light, two-dimensional (2-D) optical planes can be employed to avoid the eventual electronic bottlenecks of reduced speed and increased power consumption.[1-3] However, a basic problem arises in the optical-plane solution when one plane wishes to communicate simultaneously or reconfigurably with many subsequent planes. Traditional optical systems solve this problem in two ways as shown in Fig. 1. The first method is for each plane to detect a data packet and then, if it was not intended for that plane, retransmit it to the next plane. The disadvantages include the possibility of an electronic high-speed bottleneck as well as the wasting of capacity, real estate, and optical hardware. The second method involves etching large via-holes in each plane's substrate as a window such that an unobstructed and permanent optical path is created between a transmitting pixel on plane i and a detecting pixel on plane j.[4] This second approach solves the electronic bottleneck but wastes real estate and allows only a given static configuration between any two planes.
Recognizing Biothreat Diseases (2005)

The UofL Center for the Deterrence of Biowarfare and Bioterrorism's (CDBB's) training involving standardized patients, who can make convincingly accurate representations of clinical signs and symptoms, and patient simulators has proven to be an effective means of enhancing bioterrorism preparedness. In addition to providing ready access to formative measures of preparedness, both of these teaching and learning tools also offer the option of summative evaluation of skills and knowledge acquired during training sessions. The use of moulage allows for very realistic representations of cutaneous anthrax and smallpox as well as other conditions such as recluse spider bites and chickenpox with which these biothreat infections can be confused. Exercises and drills expose deficiencies and permit essential reinforcement of skills developed in training. Unannounced exercises are especially useful in assessing public health preparedness.
Carbohydrate status and xenobiotic tolerance in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana: potentialities for phytoremediation (2008)

International audience
LP‐E: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> Wide‐Viewing‐Angle LCD Using Voltage‐Controlled Twist Effect (1998)

ABSTRACT A new LCD configuration is presented which consists of a grating surface treated to induce homeotropic alignment placed opposite a planar anchored surface. The cell is filled with a negative nematic LC. When a field is applied to the cell, the grating converts an electrically induced tilt torque into a twist torque. This leads to an electro optic effect with many attractive properties including wide viewing angle.
P201 Monitoring histological activity in ulcerative colitis: correlation of faecal biomarkers with the Riley Score and the Nancy Index (2018)

Histological healing in ulcerative colitis (UC) may be a better predictor than macroscopic appearance or clinical criteria for time to relapse. Indicators of acute mucosal inflammation which are used in the Riley Score or the Nancy index are associated with a two- to threefold increase in the risk of UC relapse during 12 months’ follow-up. However histologic assessment requires invasive endoscopy and gaining of biopsy. Non-invasive surrogates of mucosal healing would help to lower risks, costs and might increase patient acceptance. Fecal biomarkers are frequently used in UC and might be of help in this endeavour. The study aimed to investigate the performance of non-invasive faecal biomarkers compared with the Riley Score and Nancy index in patients with UC. Colonoscopy was performed in every patient and a faecal sample was harvested within 72 h. Three biopsies were taken from the macroscopically most inflamed location or random from each colonic segment and Riley Score and Nancy index were calculated. For each patient the highest calculated score was compared with the faecal biomarkers Lactoferrin (LF), Calprotectin (CALPREST - CalP), PMN elastase (PMN-E), S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) and Eosinophil-derived Neurotoxin (EDN). It was evaluated if the median levels of the fecal markers differ significantly between the grades 0–4 of the Nancy index. 50 patients (32 female), mean age 42.9 ± 12.3 years (range 23–67) with diagnosed UC were included. The Riley score and the Nancy index correlated with EDN (r (49) = 0.56; p = .001/ r (49) = 0.45; p = .001), S100A12 (r (49) = 0.33; p = .022/ r (49) = 0.35; p = .015), PMN-e (r (49) = 0.31; p = .028/ r (49) = 0.29; p = .044) and LF (r (49) = 0.45; p = .001/ r (49) = 0.35; p = .015), but not with CalP (p > .05). The median levels of the faecal markers of the Nancy index and the results of the Kruskal–Wallis test are presented in Table 1. LF, EDN and CalP differed significantly between the grades. Post-hoc tests showed that LF differed significantly between the grades 2 and 3 (z = −3.13, p = .011), EDN between the grades 2 and 4 (z = −3.01, p = .016) and S100A12 between the grades 2 and 3 (z = −3.97, p = .000) and 2 and 4 (z = −3.07, p = .013). The fecal biomarkers LF, EDN, S100A12 and PMN-e were correlated significantly with the Riley and Nancy index, LF, EDN and CalP differed significantly between the grades of the Nancy index. The results support the utility of fecal biomarkers for detecting active histologic inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis.
15 DNA Topoisomerases in Clinical Oncology (1990)

I. INTRODUCTION There is a compelling reason for studying human disease as the ultimate experimental system. This approach, highly practical and direct, can use already available information correlating clinical status, pathology, and pharmacology. This data base may help investigators to reevaluate current trends and to develop new directions in therapy. In this chapter, DNA topoisomerase research is discussed in the relation to biology and chemotherapy of selected malignancies. It was recently recognized that some of the most valuable anticancer drugs interact with topoisomerase II in cell-free systems, as well as in intact cells (for review, see Chen and Liu 1986; Potmesil 1988). In addition, topoisomerase I was identified as a target for the plant alkaloid camptothecin (Hsiang et al. 1985; Hsiang and Liu 1988). The interactions between the drug and topoisomerase involve mostly natural products of microbial or plant origin and their analogs. This results in a complex of a topoisomerase molecule bound covalently to cleaved DNA (Chen and Liu 1986), which is, most likely, the initial event leading to cell death. Drug interaction with either topoisomerase I or II plays a crucial role in drug-exerted cytotoxicity. II. ANTICANCER DRUGS INHIBITING TOPOISOMERASE I In the early 1970s, camptothecin, a plant alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata of the Nyssaceae plant family (Wall et al. 1966), was briefly tested in phase-I and -II clinical trials (Gottlieb et al. 1970; Moertel et al. 1971; Muggia et al. 1972). Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity in cancer patients treated with camptothecin sodium salt, and cystitis...
Molecular targets and oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and heterogeneous tumor with multiple genetic aberrations. Several molecular pathways involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell death are implicated in the hepatocarcinogenesis. The major etiological factors for HCC are both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). Continuous oxidative stress, which results from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by environmental factors or cellular mitochondrial dysfunction, has recently been associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. On the other hand, a distinctive pathological hallmark of HCC is a dramatic down-regulation of oxido-reductive enzymes that constitute the most important free radical scavenger systems represented by catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib represents the most promising target agent that has undergone extensive investigation up to phase III clinical trials in patients with advanced HCC. The combination with other target-based agents could potentiate the clinical benefits obtained by sorafenib alone. In fact, a phase II multicenter study has demonstrated that the combination between sorafenib and octreotide LAR (So.LAR protocol) was active and well tolerated in advanced HCC patients. The detection of molecular factors predictive of response to anti-cancer agents such as sorafenib and the identification of mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer agents may probably represent the direction to improve the treatment of HCC.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHIROPTICAL PROPERTIES, AND ELECTRON SELF‐EXCHANGE REACTIVITY OF A RIGID PENTACYCLIC METAL ION CAGE SYSTEM WITH D3 SYMMETRY (1985)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Nitromethan und Formaldehyd mit Tris‐[trans‐1,2‐cyclohexandiamin]‐cobalt(I II) (Ligand in R,R‐ oder S,S‐Form) wird der Komplex (Ia) in seiner A‐(R,R)3‐ und A‐ (S,S)3‐Form synthetisiert.
Synthesis of polyesters with pendant oxetane groups by the chemoselective alternating copolymerization of 3‐ethyl‐3‐(glycidyloxymethyl)oxetane with carboxylic anhydride and its photochemical reaction (2003)

Abstract The synthesis of polyesters with pendant oxetane groups by the chemoselective alternating copolymerization of 3‐ethyl‐3‐(glycidyloxymethyl)oxetane (EGMO) with carboxylic anhydride and the photochemical reaction of the resulting polymer was examined. The alternating copolymerization of EGMO with phthalic anhydride proceeded chemoselectively with quaternary onium salts under appropriate reaction conditions, and the corresponding soluble polymers with pendant oxetane groups with number‐average molecular weights of 4700–7200 were obtained in 72–87% yields. Furthermore, the photochemical reaction of the resulting polymers was examined with certain photoacid generators in the film state upon UV irradiation, and it was found that the photocrosslinking reaction of the pendant oxetane groups proceeded smoothly to give the insoluble polymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1952–1961, 2003
Drive Train Design (2011)

Basic definitions and objective of drive train design to improve reliability, efficiency and reduce cost are introduced. General maps of drive train options are presented. Direct drive design sin general are reviewed. The emergence of PMG technology based on high strength Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets and its application in direct drive designs and hybrid designs with one or two stages of gearing are discussed. Hydraulic transmission is reviewed and a concept of Artemis Intelligent Power which attempts to address and remedy historical problems in adapting hydraulic systems for use in wind turbines is discussed. The problem with conventional shaft based drive train concepts is associated with speed reducing and torque increasing with scale is highlighted. Some radically innovative solutions based on other concepts for power take-off are presented. This includes the power take-off from rotors with rims, the gravity compression wind turbine concept and secondary rotor systems.