gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
El Derecho constitucional y los textos para su enseñanza. A proposito del "Diritto costituzionale" de Giuseppe de Vergottini (2018)

Publicada en otoño de 2017, la 9ª edición del Diritto costituzionale de Giuseppe de Vergottini, un completo y puesto al día tratado de Derecho constitucional italiano, no sólo es un texto útil para profesores y alumnos sino también para los investigadores. Es un logrado ejemplo de manual de nuestros días sobre esa materia.Published in autumn 2017, the 9th edition of Giuseppe de Vergottini’s Diritto costituzionale, a comprehensive and up to date study of italian Constitutional Law, is not only useful for professors and students but also for researchers. It is an achieved example of today’s handbooks on the subject.
Genetic Variation and Evolution of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase: Analysis of 12 Clinical Isolates (1992)

The extent of genetic variation and evolution in a population of human parainfluenza virus type 1 was investigated. The hemagglutinin neuraminidase genes of 13 isolates collected over a 26-year period were sequenced and compared. All isolates except the 1957 type strain were from a single geographic location and demonstrated significant consistent genetic change from the type strain (47/7 [nucleotide/amino acid] substitutions). Antigenic subgroup A isolates demonstrated minor intragroup differences (9/1 substitutions). However, 18/7 unique substitutions separated subgroup A from B regardless of geographic location or year of isolation. Multiple strains of both subgroups appeared and reappeared over decades with only minor variation. There may be significant genetic differences between clinical isolates based on geographic location, and progressive mutational change may occur. Previously defined antigenic and now genetic subgroups were stable and at least regional in distribution over the period studied. The biologic implications and extent of this variation need further evaluation.
Plastic coating of glass fibers and its influence on strength (1979)

Abstract Sodium borosilicate glass fibers pulled from the melt were plastic coated “on-line” to preserve the fiber strength. By the use of tapered nozzles within the coating applicator the coating could be made concentric around the fiber, and a 40-μm concentric coating was found to be sufficient for the fiber to withstand a mild abrasion test with no deterioration in strength. Strength measurements made in ambient conditions showed that the fiber had a uniform breaking strain of 4% elongation. The same fiber measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures had a breaking strain of 14%, even after extensive handling, which is close to the theoretical glass cohesive strength.
Acute Interactions Between Cytokines and Alcohol on ACTH and Corticosterone Secretion in the Rat (1993)

Possible interactions between alcohol (EtOH) and interleukins (ILs) were studied in intact and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. In intact animals, administration of 0.3 or 0.65 g EtOH/kg 30 min to 4 hr earlier did not cause measurable changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels measured immediately before acute intravenous injection of IL-1 beta or endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], and did not interfere with the ability of either treatments to increase ACTH secretion. Administration of 1.5 g EtOH/kg, on the other hand, resulted in elevated plasma ACTH and corticosterone 30 min later, and significantly decreased the magnitude of the ACTH response to IL-1 beta in both intact and ADX rats. When administered 4 hr before the cytokine, however, 1.5 g EtOH/kg did not alter the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to IL-1 beta. Studies of the reverse paradigm were conducted in rats injected with LPS, a means of increasing endogenous IL-1 levels. Intraperitoneal administration of alcohol 4 hr later resulted in measurably blunted ACTH release by intact rats, but not ADX animals. We conclude that when prior alcohol administration does not result in elevated ACTH levels at the time of IL-1 injection, no alteration in the HPA axis' response to the cytokine is observed. As we have shown in other experiments that circulating levels of corticosterone were temporarily increased by all doses of alcohol used in the present study, these results suggest that steroid feedback did not play a major role in modulating the ability of IL-1 beta to activate the HPA axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural aspects of the hisingerite-neotocite series (1983)

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray radial distribution function analysis, chemical analysis, X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy combine to confirm an amorphous or gel structure for minerals of the hisingerite-neotocite series: (Fe,Mn) 0.8 SiO 3.1 .2H 2 O. A framework of (Fe,Mn)O 6 octahedra and [SiO 4 ] tetrahedra form hollow spheres, 50–100 Å in diameter, cross-bonded into a physically isotropic solid with as much as 10% interconnected pore space. The outer 10–20 Å of the spheres has a rudimentary structure, possibly marking the onset of segregation into Si-rich and (Fe,Mn)-rich layers. The Broken Hill mineral ‘sturtite’ is an intermediate member of the hisingerite-neotocite series.
Preparation and Circular Dichroism Spectra of Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing an Optically Active NH2CH2CH(CH3)X−-<i>N</i>,<i>X</i> (X=S or Se) Ligand (1984)

Abstract Several cobalt(III) complexes of the [Co(apS or apSe)(N4)]2+ type were prepared, where apS and apSe denote chiral 1-amino-2-propanethiolate-N,S and 1-amino-2-propaneselenolate-N,Se ligands, respectively, and N4 is (en=ethylenediamine)2, (R-chxn=(R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine)2, or tren=tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. Their circular dichroism (CD) spectra were compared with one another and with those of complexes containing such ligands as achiral 2-aminoethanethiolate-N,S, 2-aminoethaneselenolate-N,Se or chiral 1-amino-2-propanolate-N,O (apO). The vicinal CD curves of S-apS obtained from CD spectra of the en and R-chxn complexes are similar and very large in magnitude in the d-d absorption band region. These curves are very similar to the CD spectrum of [Co(S-apO)(NH3)4]2+. The vicinal CD curve of S-apSe shows a similar pattern, but the magnitude is smaller than those of the S-apS and S-apO ligands. The vicinal effect of the protonated S-apSH ligand is much smaller compared with that of its conjugate base (S-apS) ligand. The tren complexes of S-apS and S-apSe exhibit CD spectra fairly different from the vicinal CD curves of the respective ligands in the d-d absorption band region.
Victor Horsley on “Trephining in Pre-historic Times” (2001)

Victor Horsley was intrigued by newly discovered, ancient trepanned skulls, especially those that revealed that the operation was performed on living patients. He examined the man-made openings as an expert on the locus of the primate motor cortex and as a surgeon who had successfully removed parts of the motor cortex to treat Jacksonian epilepsy. He postulated that trepanation originated as a way to treat pain and epilepsy caused by depressed cranial fractures over the motor cortex. Like Broca before him, Horsley helped create the exciting Zeitgeist that led others in the late-1 800s to explore, ponder, and write about ancient trepanned skulls.
A review of nuclear electric propulsion spacecraft system concepts (1990)

The last 25-30 years of system concepts and design philosophies for spacecraft employing nuclear-electric propulsion (NEP) are reviewed. NEP spacecraft-system design constraints and criteria are identified, including radiation exposure of humans and electronics, thermal control requirements, effluent contamination of spacecraft surfaces, surface erosion, launch-vehicle integration, operations and safety requirements, attitude control, EM interference, and power control and distribution. The impact on spacecraft design philosophy of these constraints and criteria is explored. Several NEP spacecraft are characterized and discussed with respect to the propulsion system used. The electric propulsion system catagories are electrothermal (arcjet), EM (magnetoplasmadynamic and pulsed-inductive thruster) and electrostatic (ion engine). A brief summary of the mission, nuclear power source, electric propulsion system, and spacecraft configuration are provided for each NEP spacecraft concept.
Characterization of a promoter element required for transcription in myocardial cells. (1991)

Transcription of the chicken cardiac troponin T (cTNT) gene in myocardial cells requires upstream sequences not required for expression of this gene in embryonic skeletal muscle cells. Deletion analysis shows that the segment between nucleotides -247 and -201 (numbered relative to the transcription initiation site at +1) is capable of conferring cardiac specific expression to a "minimal" cTNT promoter. The cardiac element within this segment contains at least two essential subregions: one residing upstream of position -215, which bears no homologies to known transcription elements, and an A/T-rich segment residing between positions -215 and -201. Conserved M-CAT motifs within the cTNT minimal promoter which are required for activity in skeletal muscle cells are also required for activity in myocardial cells, suggesting an interaction between the upstream cardiac element and proximal promoter elements. Gel-shift experiments demonstrate interaction between the upstream portion of the cardiac element and factor(s) present in the nuclei of cardiac and non-cardiac tissues. Thus, additional cis and trans factors are required for transcription of the cTNT gene in myocardial cells which are not required for expression in skeletal muscle cells.
Saccharification of Grain Mashes for Alcoholic Fermentation (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSaccharification of Grain Mashes for Alcoholic FermentationL. A. Underkofler, G. M. Severson, and K. J. GoeringCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 10, 980–985Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50442a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50442a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Incremental method of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) (2009)

A survey of the components of the rumen ciliate population in a series of adult sheep, raised in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, has shown that a mixture of Entodinium, Isotricha, Ophryoscolex, Diplodinium, and Polyplastron species was found in the rumen contents of Egyptian sheep; no Epidinium and a negligible number of Dasytricha ruminantium were also observed. The microbial population, reducing sugars, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, and growth rate of 14 lambs inoculated with whole rumen contents from a mature sheep were compared over a 6-month period with those of 13 lambs maintained under the same conditions, except that they were strictly isolated from other ruminants. Certain large oval organisms and large numbers of flagellates and Oscillospira were frequently observed in the rumen contents of the isolated lambs. The reducing sugars, ammonia, and VFA levels, measured before and at intervals after feeding, in the inoculated lambs showed a pronounced rise above the values found in the ciliate-free animals. The propionic acid-acetic acid ratio in the rumen contents of the faunated lambs was considerably higher than in the nonfaunated controls. The inoculated lambs grew faster than the isolated lambs. Differences in weight gain which ranged from 15 to 17% were statistically significant. The inoculated animals impressed the observers by their good appearance which was superior to that of the ciliate-free lambs. It was, therefore, concluded that the rumen ciliate protozoa are essential for the metabolism and growth of young lambs.
BPDL: A Data Model for Grid Resource Broker Capabilities (2007)

Since the management and the optimal utilization of the highly dynamic grid resources cannot be handled by the users themselves, various grid Resource Brokers have been developed, supporting different grids. To ease interoperability and the higher level utilization of different resource brokers, we introduce a meta-data model for storing broker capabilities and show how an implementation of this model can be realized. We believe that this abstraction will help standardizing inter-broker communication to enable more efcient grid resource utilization.
Excessive daytime sleepiness predicts increased β-amyloid accumulation in non-demented elderly: a longitudinal PiB-PET study (S14.004) (2017)

To test the hypothesis that baseline excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) predicts subsequent longitudinal pattern of β-amyloid accumulation in non-demented community dwelling elderly.
Observation of modulational gain and analysis of polarization instabilities in optical fiber with twist (1990)

When birefringence induced through the optical Kerr effect in an unperturbed, weakly birefringent fiber is comparable with the natural fiber birefringence, polarization instability and asymmetry between the fast and slow fiber axes arise. A signature of the instability is that small changes in input intensity may result in large changes in intensity transmitted through a crossed polarizer at the fiber exit, leading to the possibility of substantial amplitude modulation (AM) gain.
Survivin, a Potential Early Predictor of Tumor Progression in the Oral Mucosa (2003)

Survivin is a recently described apoptosis inhibitor selectively over-expressed in most tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate a potential role of survivin as an early predictor of malignant transformation in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity. Survivin was present in 10/30 cases (33%) of oral precancerous lesions without malignant progression, and in 15/16 cases (94%) of oral precancerous lesions evolved into full-blown squamous cell carcinoma. Tumors that progressed from these precancerous lesions retained widespread survivin positivity (100%). Variations among group means were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between survivin expression and the degree of dysplasia. High expression of cytoplasmic/nuclear survivin is an early event during oral carcinogenesis and may provide a useful tool for the identification of precancerous lesions at higher risk of progression into invasive carcinoma.
Modular Attribute Grammars (1990)

Attribute grammars provide a formal declarative notation for describing the semantics and translation of programming languages. Describing any real programming language is a significant software engineering challenge. From a software engineering viewpoint, current notations for attribute grammars have two flaws: tedious repetition of essentially the same attribute computations is inevitable, and the various components of the description cannot be decomposed into modules - they must be merged (and hence closely coupled) with the syntax specification. This paper describes a tool that generates attribute grammars from pattern-oriented specifications. These specifications can be grouped according to the separation of concerns arising from individual aspects of the compilation process. Implementation and use of the attribute grammar generate MAGGIE is described.
Formation d’analogues aux aérosols : Les plasmas poudreux (2014)

Les plasmas sont des gaz ionises qui se rencontrent dans l’industrie mais qui sont egalement tres presents dans la nature. En effet, constituants principaux des etoiles, ils se rencontrent egalement dans les cometes et certaines atmospheres planetaires. Sur Terre, on les trouve notamment dans les eclairs ou les aurores boreales. Ces plasmas contiennent souvent des particules solides en suspension et on parle alors de plasmas poudreux (ou poussiereux, en anglais dusty plasmas ou complex plasmas). 
Au laboratoire GREMI, ces plasmas sont etudies depuis de nombreuses annees, notamment grâce a des diagnostics electriques et optiques. Des poudres micrometriques sont injectees artificiellement dans le plasma ou elles sont formees au sein de celui-ci par l’intermediaire de precurseurs gazeux. Dans ce dernier cas, des gaz reactifs a base de silicium (silane) ou de carbone (methane, acetylene) sont generalement utilises. Des liquides (alcools legers) sont egalement vaporises pour certaines applications liees a la formation de suies issues de biocarburants. Generalement, les poudres se forment et croissent via une succession complexe de reactions chimiques et physiques par des processus de nucleation, coagulation, agglomeration et adsorption.
Du fait des interactions entre les particules chargees du plasma (ions, electrons) et les poudres, ces dernieres se chargent electriquement. Elles acquierent generalement une charge negative, due a la plus grande mobilite des electrons, qui va determiner leurs mouvements, leur transport au sein du plasma et leurs interactions. Lorsque la densite de poudres est elevee, les caracteristiques du plasma environnant se trouvent fortement affectees avec une reduction des electrons libres et parfois l’apparition d’instabilites a basse frequence.
Using postoperative SNOT-22 to help predict the probability of revision sinus surgery (2016)

Background: There is a need to develop a patient-level strategy to identify those at higher risk of requiring revision ESS since this may assist clinicians in tailoring their postoperative management. This study evaluated whether identifying changes in the post- operative 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) can help identify patients at increased risk of needing revision sinus surgery for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: 668 CRS patients undergoing primary ESS with complete 60-month follow-up were evaluated in this prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Outcomes were evaluated in an unselected cohort and a low-risk cohort, which was comprised of patients without a history of asthma or aspirin sensitivity. Results: Failing to achieve an improvement of greater than one minimal clinically important difference (MCID; 9 points) at 3 months after primary ESS and a deterioration of greater than one MCID (ie. >9 points) from the 3- to 12-month follow-up periods was associated with an increased risk of revision ESS in both the unselected and low-risk CRS cohorts. Conclusion: Outcomes from this study suggest that identifying MCID changes in the SNOT-22 score within 12 months after primary ESS can identify patients at increased risk for needing revision surgery.
An Engineering Evaluation of Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin (2010)

A small column ion exchange (SCIX) system has been proposed for removal of cesium from caustic, supernatant, and dissolved salt solutions stored or generated from high-level tank wastes at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site and Savannah River Sites. In both instances, deployment of SCIX systems, either in-tank or near-tank, is a means of expediting waste pretreatment and dispositioning with minimal or no new infrastructure requirements. Conceptually, the treatment approach can utilize a range of ion exchange media. Previously, both crystalline silicotitanate (CST), an inorganic, nonelutable sorbent, and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), an organic, elutable resin, have been considered for cesium removal from tank waste. More recently, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) evaluated use of SuperLig{reg_sign} 644, an elutable ion exchange medium, for the subject application. Results of testing indicate hydraulic limitations of the SuperLig{reg_sign} resin, specifically a high pressure drop through packed ion exchange columns. This limitation is likely the result of swelling and shrinkage of the irregularly shaped (granular) resin during repeated conversions between sodium and hydrogen forms as the resin is first loaded then eluted. It is anticipated that a similar flow limitation would exist in columns packed with conventional, granular RF resin. However, use of spherical RF resin is a likely means of mitigating processing limitations due to excessive pressure drop. Although size changes occur as the spherical resin is cycled through loading and elution operations, the geometry of the resin is expected to effectively mitigate the close packing that leads to high pressure drops across ion exchange columns. Multiple evaluations have been performed to determine the feasibility of using spherical RF resin and to obtain data necessary for design of an SCIX process. The work performed consisted of examination of radiation effects on resin performance, quantification of cesium adsorption performance as a function of operating temperature and pH, and evaluation of sodium uptake (titration) as function of pH and counteranion concentration. The results of these efforts are presented in this report. Hydraulic performance of the resin and the use of eluant alternatives to nitric acid have also been evaluated and have been reported elsewhere (Taylor 2009, Taylor and Johnson 2009).
Temperature and Thickness Distribution on the Substrate during High-Rate Physical Vapor Deposition of Materials (1971)

In high-rate physical-vapor-deposition processes, the thickness of the deposit and the temperature vary along the substrate. The deposition temperature has a strong effect on grain size and density of the deposit. The deposition rate, thickness variation, and temperature variation depend on the 15 experimental variables, viz., evaporation temperature, source to substrate distance, source diameter, etc. This paper illustrates a method of calculating the temperature and thickness distribution of the deposit. The deposition of yttrium and yttria are used as examples to illustrate the actual range of experimental conditions to be explored. An estimate of probable errors in calculated temperatures due to errors in the emittance data used is made. Radiation from the evaporating source, condensation of vapors, and the reaction of the elements are the sources of heat input to the substrate and the relative contributions of these are calculated for various experimental conditions.