gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANKLE INJURY - TELEMARK SKIING 421 (1997)

HISTORY - A forty four year old male was telemark skiing and sustained a hard forward fall with marked dorsiflexion of his left ankle. He had immediate onset of left ankle pain but was able to ski to the base of the mountain. The patient was evaluated by his primary care physician at that time, and radiographs revealed no evidence of bony injury. Conservative treatment with ice, elevation, and limitation of weight bearing was instituted. Four days after the injury, the patient noted marked swelling of the left ankle and distal leg, associated with a significant increase in pain. On the fifth day post-injury, because of worsening of these symptoms, he was referred to an orthopedic surgeon. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION - There was moderate swelling of the left ankle and distal leg with no ecchymosis. There was marked tenderness to palpation of the distal left leg and ankle. There was anterior leg pain with passive flexion of the toes. There was also pain with active dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes. There was decreased sensation to light touch over the anterior and lateral aspects of the distal leg and dorsum of the foot, as well as weakness of extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum, tibialis anterior, and the peronel. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Syndesmosis disruption Compartment syndrome Proximal fibula fracture with common peroneal neuropathy Anide or talus fracture Vascular injury TESTS AND RESULTS: Compartment pressure measurements: Pressures less than 30 mmHg in the left foot and mid leg. Pressures greater than 100 mmHg in the anterior and lateral compartments of the distal left leg. FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Anterior and lateral compartment syndromes of the distal leg, secondary to crush injury. TREATMENT: Anterior and lateral compartment fasciotomies, with return to surgery twice for debridement of the most distal aspects of extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. Non weight bearing for three weeks, then partial weight bearing for three weeks. Follow up CT scan was negative for syndesmosis disruption. Range of motion exercises initiated after one week. Gradual increase in strengthening of affected muscles. Return to skiing three months post injury.
Effect of hirudin on tissue plasminogen activator induced clot lysis (1990)

The effect of recombinant hirudin in the in vitro tPA fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activity was investigated. The activity was evaluated by following lysis of radiolabelled fibrin or plasma clot formed in the presence of tPA alone or with hirudin. The results obtained indicate that increasing concentrations of hirudin had a potentiating effect, with faster clot lysis rates and reduced time to complete lysis. However, when radiolabelled plasma or whole-blood clots were immersed in autologous plasma in the presence of tPA and hirudin, no significant difference in the lysis rates and time to complete lysis was observed. The findings suggest that hirudin or hirudin-thrombin complex interferes with the forming fibrin, thereby making clots more susceptible to lysis, while the presence of hirudin in the surrounding medium during lysis of formed clots helps to rapidly neutralize active thrombin released during clot lysis, thereby preventing further activation of coagulation. Thus, use of hirudin as an anticoagulant during thrombolytic therapy may prove to be helpful in reducing the incidence of reocclusion.
Coordination of FocA and Pyruvate Formate-Lyase Synthesis in Escherichia coli Demonstrates Preferential Translocation of Formate over Other Mixed-Acid Fermentation Products (2013)

Enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli generate formate, lactate, acetate, and succinate as major acidic fermentation products. Accumulation of these products in the cytoplasm would lead to uncoupling of the membrane potential, and therefore they must be either metabolized rapidly or exported from the cell. E. coli has three membrane-localized formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) that oxidize formate. Two of these have their respective active sites facing the periplasm, and the other is in the cytoplasm. The bidirectional FocA channel translocates formate across the membrane delivering substrate to these FDHs. FocA synthesis is tightly coupled to synthesis of pyruvate formate-lyase (PflB), which generates formate. In this study, we analyze the consequences on the fermentation product spectrum of altering FocA levels, uncoupling FocA from PflB synthesis or blocking formate metabolism. Changing the focA translation initiation codon from GUG to AUG resulted in a 20-fold increase in FocA during fermentation and an ∼3-fold increase in PflB. Nevertheless, the fermentation product spectrum throughout the growth phase remained similar to that of the wild type. Formate, acetate, and succinate were exported, but only formate was reimported by these cells. Lactate accumulated in the growth medium only in mutants lacking FocA, despite retaining active PflB, or when formate could not be metabolized intracellularly. Together, these results indicate that FocA has a strong preference for formate as a substrate in vivo and not other acidic fermentation products. The tight coupling between FocA and PflB synthesis ensures adequate substrate delivery to the appropriate FDH.
Semantic Transliteration of Personal Names (2007)

Words of foreign origin are referred to as borrowed words or loanwords. A loanword is usually imported to Chinese by phonetic transliteration if a translation is not easily available. Semantic transliteration is seen as a good tradition in introducing foreign words to Chinese. Not only does it preserve how a word sounds in the source language, it also carries forward the word’s original semantic attributes. This paper attempts to automate the semantic transliteration process for the first time. We conduct an inquiry into the feasibility of semantic transliteration and propose a probabilistic model for transliterating personal names in Latin script into Chinese. The results show that semantic transliteration substantially and consistently improves accuracy over phonetic transliteration in all the experiments. 1
Measuring and Decomposing Inequity in Self-Reported Morbidity and Self-Assessed Health in Thailand (2007)

BACKGROUND: In recent years, interest in the study of inequalities in health has not stopped at quantifying their magnitude; explaining the sources of inequalities has also become of great importance. This paper measures socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported morbidity and self-assessed health in Thailand, and the contributions of different population subgroups to those inequalities. METHODS: The Health and Welfare Survey 2003 conducted by the Thai National Statistical Office with 37,202 adult respondents is used for the analysis. The health outcomes of interest derive from three self-reported morbidity and two self-assessed health questions. Socioeconomic status is measured by adult-equivalent monthly income per household member. The concentration index (CI) of ill health is used as a measure of socioeconomic health inequalities, and is subsequently decomposed into contributing factors. RESULTS: The CIs reveal inequality gradients disadvantageous to the poor for both self-reported morbidity and self-assessed health in Thailand. The magnitudes of these inequalities were higher for the self-assessed health outcomes than for the self-reported morbidity outcomes. Age and sex played significant roles in accounting for the inequality in reported chronic illness (33.7 percent of the total inequality observed), hospital admission (27.8 percent), and self-assessed deterioration of health compared to a year ago (31.9 percent). The effect of being female and aged 60 years or older was by far the strongest demographic determinant of inequality across all five types of health outcome. Having a low socioeconomic status as measured by income quintile, education and work status were the main contributors disadvantaging the poor in self-rated health compared to a year ago (47.1 percent) and self-assessed health compared to peers (47.4 percent). Residence in the rural Northeast and rural North were the main regional contributors to inequality in self-reported recent and chronic illness, while residence in the rural Northeast was the major contributor to the tendency of the poor to report lower levels of self-assessed health compared to peers. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm that substantial socioeconomic inequalities in health as measured by self-reported morbidity and self-assessed health exist in Thailand. Decomposition analysis shows that inequalities in health status are associated with particular demographic, socioeconomic and geographic population subgroups. Vulnerable subgroups which are prone to both ill health and relative poverty warrant targeted policy attention.
Crystal structure of aluminum calcium sodium diphosphate, Na<sub>27</sub>Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>12</sub> (1995)

Article Crystal structure of aluminum calcium sodium diphosphate, Na27Ca3Al5(P2O7)12 was published on April 1, 1995 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 210, issue 4).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF THIENYL DERIVATIVES OF ADAMANTANE (1983)

Abstract Aus dem Hydroxy‐adamantyl‐thiophen (I) wird der Aldehyd (II) hergestellt, aus dem die Hydrazone (III) bzw. (IV) erhalten werden.
Migraine Headache Misconceptions: Barriers to Effective Care (2004)

Migraine headaches affect 12% of the adult population in the United States and cause a significant economic loss due to decreased workplace productivity Although interactions between pharmacists and individuals with headache are common, few pharmacists receive adequate training regarding migraine therapy. We refute several misconceptions that hinder effective care, such as that migraine is a vascular disease, triptans cause rampant cardiacrelated morbidity and even mortality, a best oral triptan exists, sinus and tension headaches are prevalent, and migraine is a minor economic problem. Our pathophysiologic understanding demonstrates that migraine is a neurologic process of the trigeminovascular system, of which vascular effects are secondary. This process can result in a myriad of clinical signs and symptoms, often leading to a misdiagnosis of sinus or tension headache. The last decade's experience with triptans in more than half a billion people worldwide reveals a benign adverse-effect profile, particularly when taken early in an attack. Published reports and real-world experiences illustrate that these drugs do not merit fears of triptan-induced cardiac consequences in appropriately selected individuals. Society's productivity loss due to migraine is measured in billions of dollars. Restoring a patient's ability to function normally is now recognized as the primary treatment goal, not merely relieving pain. Thus, the overreliance on "pain killer" drugs such as butalbital-containing products and the continued underutilization of migraine-specific drugs need to be addressed. Opportunities exist for pharmacists and other health care providers to dispel continually propagated migraine misconceptions and familiarize themselves with advances in therapy. Such actions will benefit patients, the health care system, and society as a whole.
Long Term Performance of Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Stainless Steel Grade UNS S31035 (2014)

UNS S31035 austenitic stainless steel grade is a newly developed advanced heat resistant material for use in coal fired boilers at material temperatures up to 700°C. This new grade that has recently obtained two AMSE code cases shows good resistance to steam oxidation and flue gas corrosion and higher creep rupture strength than other austenitic stainless steels available today. This paper will mainly focus on the characterization of long term structure stability and performances such as the creep behaviors at different temperatures for up to 86 000 hours and low cycle fatigue behaviors at high temperatures. The creep and fatigue damage mechanisms were studied using electron transmission microscopy and electron channeling contrast image analysis. The testing results were discussed combining with the safety and structure reliability of the material in 700°C power plants. The material is an excellent alternative for superheaters and reheaters in future high-efficient coal fired boilers. Paper published with permission.
SULFADIAZINE-ASSOCIATED LEUKOPENIA IN BURN PATIENTS INJURED IN AN INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSION (1982)

Grindlinger, Gene A. M.D.; Hull, David M.D.; Petrone, Sylvia M.D.; Burke, John M.D.; Hirsch, Erwin M.D. Author Information
Tachycardia-Induced Change of Atrial Refractory Period in Humans (1998)

The atrial ERP shortening induced by tachycardia was a rate-dependent response. Verapamil, but not other antiarrhythmic drugs, could markedly attenuate this effect. However, verapamil and the other drugs could decrease the incidence and duration of secondary AF.
Effect of Size on the Failure of Geometrically Similar Concrete Beams Strengthened in Shear with FRP Strips (2007)

Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) are commonly used for the strengthening of concrete members. For shear strengthening of beams, FRP strips can be bonded to the sides of the member alone, to both the sides and the bottom (i.e., the U configuration), or wrapped around the whole beam. For the various strengthening configurations, empirical equations have been proposed for predicting the contribution of strips to the shear capacity of the member. However, for the same strengthened member, the equations recommended by different design guidelines (American Concrete Institute, International Federation for Structural Concrete, and Japan Society for Civil Engineers) predict different shear capacities. Moreover, as the equations were obtained through the fitting of laboratory data on relatively small beams, their applicability to beams of practical sizes have not really been assessed. In the present investigation, geometrically similar beams with depth of 180, 360, and 720mm were retrofitted in shear with carbon FRP strips in both the U configuration and fully wrapped configuration. The retrofitted members were tested to failure to (1) provide data on beams of practical sizes for verification of design equations and (2) investigate if the strengthening effectiveness is similar for small and large beams. Measured FRP contribution to the shear capacity is also compared to predictions from equations in the various guidelines. Based on our findings, for beams retrofitted with strips in the U configuration, the strengthening effectiveness may significantly decrease with member size, and none of the available design equations can consistently provide conservative values for the shear capacity. For beams with fully wrapped strips, strengthening effectiveness is independent of member size, and the FIB equation appears to be most appropriate for practical design.
Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy for islet transplantation (2004)

Recent clinical studies have documented that human islet transplantation has the potential to replace pancreatic endocrine function in patients with type 1 diabetes. These studies have also highlighted an enormous shortage of human islets that impedes the use of islet transplantation in clinical practice on a larger scale. To address this problem, one potential approach is to use islet growth factors to increase beta cell replication, to improve beta cell function and to enhance beta cell survival. In that context, transgenic mice overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the pancreatic beta cell display increased beta cell proliferation, function and survival. More importantly, HGF-overexpressing transgenic mouse islets markedly improve transplant performance in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and reduce the number of islets required for successful islet transplantation. Recently, adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of HGF into normal rodent islets has confirmed the beneficial effects of HGF in improving islet transplant outcomes in two marginal mass islet transplant models in rodents: islet transplant under the kidney capsule in SCID mice; and portal islet allograft transplantation in rats treated with the Edmonton immunosuppressive regimen. These studies suggest that ex vivo HGF gene therapy has the potential to reduce the number of human islets required for successful islet transplantation.
La fistulation chronique réentrante des voies biliaires modifie-t-elle la circulation entérohépatique (CEH) des acides biliaires (AB) totaux chez le Porc ? (1985)

Afin d'tudier l'effet de la fistulation rentrante des voies biliaires extrahpatiques sur la CEH des AB totaux, nous avons compar l'apparition dans la veine porte des AB absor- bs par l'intestin chez 10 porcs (53,5 t 1,4 kg) : 5 porteurs d'une fistule biliaire (groupe F) et 5 non fistuls (groupe NF).
Experimental and simulated fluorescence depolarization due to energy transfer as tools to study DNA-dye interactions (1997)

A method to study DNA-dye complexes by the combination of steady state fluorescence anisotropy measurements and computer simulations of the fluorescence depolarization due to resonance energy transfer is presented. The simulations are based on a Markov chain analysis, assuming random distribution of the dyes along the DNA chain and energy transfer that obeys Förster kinetics. Since the investigated intercalators (ethidium bromide, YO, PO) and groove binders [4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)] were found to show different depolarization dependence on binding density, the method can be used to quite sensitively characterize the binding mode. Excellent agreement between the measured and simulated anisotropy is found for all investigated intercalators. The proposed method gives an estimation of the unwinding angle for intercalators and provides information about the binding site size, and the presence or absence of sequence specificity. For the groove binder DAPI interacting with mixed sequenced DNA, the measured and computed depolarization do not agree, and this can be rationalized in terms of the high sequence specificity of this dye. However, for DAPI bound to [poly(dA-dT)]2 the measured data agree well with computed data for a groove binder that is displaced a distance 7 Å from the helix axis and has a binding site size of three bases. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 41: 481–494, 1997
Probing the Mechanistic Role of Glutamate Residue in the Zinc-Binding Motif of Type A Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain (2000)

Type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) is a zinc endopeptidase that contains the consensus sequence HEXXH (residues 223-227) in the toxic light chain (LC). The X-ray structure of the toxin has predicted that the two histidines of this motif are two of the three zinc-coordinating ligands and that the glutamate is a crucial amino acid involved in catalysis. The functional implication of E224 in the motif of LC was investigated by replacing the residue with glutamine and aspartate using site-directed mutagenesis. Substitution of Glu-224 with Gln (E224Q) resulted in a total loss of the endopeptidase activity, whereas substitution with Asp (E224D) retained about 1.4% of the enzymatic activity (k(cat) 140 vs 1.9 min(-1), respectively). However, K(m) values for wild-type and E224D BoNT/A LC were similar, 42 and 50 microM, respectively. Global structure, in terms of secondary structure content and topography of aromatic amino residues, Zn(2+) content, and substrate binding ability are retained in the enzymatically inactive mutants. Titration of Zn(2+) to EDTA-treated wild-type and mutant proteins indicated identical enthalpy for Zn(2+) binding. These results suggest an essential and direct role of the carboxyl group of Glu-224 in the hydrolysis of the substrate. The location of the carboxyl group at a precise position is critical for the enzymatic activity, as replacement of Glu-224 with Asp resulted in almost total loss of the activity.
Studies on the Glyoxylate Reductase and Glycollate Oxidizing Enzyme System. (I) : Enzymic Oxidation of Glycollate and Lactate by Flavoproteins of Moulds (1961)

The enzymic oxidation of glycollate and lactate was investigated with various moulds including Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium purpurogenum, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus javanicus, Mucor javanicus, Neurospora sitophila, Fusarium lini and Fusarium oxysporum.Glycollate was converted to glyoxylate, pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate when incubations were aerobically carried out with the dried cells mentioned above or the dialyzed cell-free extracts.The addition of semicarbazide to the glycollate-media brought about a striking increase in the yield of glyoxylate against decreasing yields of pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate.The oxidation of glycollate to glyoxylate was not activated by the addition of DPN**, TPN, cocarboxylase or ATP, but stimulated extremely by the presence of methylene blue.It was demonstrated that the glycollate or lactate dehydrogenase-apoenzymes inactivated by the acid-ammonium sulfate procedure, were reactivated by the addition of FMN, FAD or riboflavin.Based on the data presented here, the prosthetic group of glycollate and lactate dehydrogenases of moulds were shown to be FMN.Occurrence of isocitritase was also demonstrated in the glucose-grown cells of various moulds such as : Aspergillus, Penicillium, Neurospora, Rhizopus, Mucor and Fusarium species.Finally, the function of the isocitritase and glyoxylate reductase-glycollate oxidizing enzyme system was discussed in microbial respiration.
Insulin Resistance Predicts Rapid Virologic Response to Peginterferon/Ribavirin Combination Therapy in Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Patients (2010)

IR is a major determinant of both RVR and SVR in genotype 4 CHC patients. HOMA-IR would seem to be a useful tool for predicting the response to therapy.
The Metabolic Fate of Isotopically Labelled Proteins, Azoproteins and Azohaptens (1955)

Summary Sulfanilic acid as well as sulfanilazodyes, prepared by coupling diazotized S35-sulfanilic acid with tyrosine, histidine and phenol, were injected into rabbits. A small but significant amount of the injected activity was bound to the proteins of the blood and the tissues. The protein-bound radioactivity, 8–13 days after injection, was about 10 times lower than after the injection of equivalent amounts of sulfanilazoproteins. In the liver homogenate, most of the protein-bound azodye was present in the large cytoplasmic granules (mitochondrial fraction). When sulfanilazotyrosine was added in vitro to the liver homogenate, it was not bound to the proteins of the cytoplasmic granules. Rabbit serum γ-globulin (RGG), beef serum γ-globulin (BGG) and ovalbumin (OA) were coupled with traces or with large amounts of S35-sulfanilic acid. The heavily labelled sulfanilazoproteins were rapidly eliminated from the circulation and deposited in the organs in the same manner as heavily labelled iodoproteins. Trace-labelled OA behaved similarly, whereas trace-labelled RGG circulated in the blood for a long time without significant deposition in the organs. Trace-labelled BGG circulated in the blood over a period of four to seven days, after which time it was eliminated and deposited in the organs.