gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B69: SUMO-binding proteins as effectors and regulators of SUMO modification (2009)

Abstract SUMOs (Small Ubiquitin-related Modifiers) are reversibly conjugated to other proteins in the cell, thereby regulating a wide range of essential functions. Many of the functions regulated by SUMOylation are intimately tied to processes directly relevant to cancer, including maintenance of genome integrity and cell cycle regulation. Studies in the past several years have in fact linked SUMOylation to a variety of human cancers, including leukemia, prostrate, breast, and colon cancers. In addition, SUMOylation has a direct role in promoting cancer metastasis. Thus, developing a fundamental understanding of the signals and factors that regulate SUMOylation, as well as how SUMOylation affects protein function, has the potential to lead to important new insights into cancer development, diagnosis, and treatment. We hypothesize that the three SUMO paralogues expressed in vertebrate cells (SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3), as well as their polymeric forms, represent unique signals recognized by unique proteins. Moreover, we propose that SUMOylation often promotes interactions between modified proteins and downstream factors containing SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). To test this hypothesis, we have initiated high throughput studies to identify novel SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-2 polymeric chain binding proteins. Using protein microarray analysis, we identified ∼400 mostly nuclear proteins, many with preferential affinity for specific SUMO paralogues. Among these 400 putative SUMO-binding proteins was a family of zinc finger proteins that we have determined to possess a novel SIM. This family includes human proteins ZNF261, ZNF198, ZNF237, ZNF262, and ZNF258 and each protein contains a stretch of unique tandem zinc fingers called MYM (myeloproliferative and mental retardation) domains. Although the exact functions of MYM-type zinc finger motifs are not known, proteins containing these motifs are linked to myeloproliferative syndromes, X-linked mental retardation, and transcriptional regulation. We have found that although ZNF261 contains four canonical SIMs, these SIMs do not mediate SUMO binding. Rather, analysis of a series of truncation mutants of ZNF261 revealed that the MYM-type zinc finger motifs are both necessary and sufficient for SUMO-binding. MYM-type zinc finger motifs represent only the second known class of SUMO-binding motifs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B69.
An Experimental Study on Performance of Second Throat Exhaust Diffusers of Different Configuration (2014)

본 연구에서는 고공 환경 모사를 위하여 2차목 초음속 디퓨저를 Normal Shock Model를 이용하여 설계/제작하였다. 2차목 디퓨저의 주요 설계 변수인 2차목 디퓨저의 길이와 직경 변화에 따른 성능 특성을 고찰하기 위하여, 상온 고압 질소 가스를 이용하여 디퓨저 성능 실험을 수행하였다. 다양한 디퓨저 길이에 따른 실험 결과 2차목 디퓨저의 시동 특성은 디퓨저 입구 길이(L<SUB>d</SUB>)가 증가함에 따라 아주 미세하게 향상되었으나, 2차목 디퓨저 길이비(L<SUB>st</SUB>/D<SUB>st</SUB>)와 확대부 길이(L<SUB>s</SUB>)의 증가에 따라서는 크게 향상되었다. 또한 다양한 디퓨저 직경 변화에 따른 실험 결과, 시동 압력과 진공 챔버 압력은 모두 이론 설계 면적비(A<SUB>d</SUB>/A<SUB>st</SUB>) 근처에서 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다.
An early warning system against malicious activities for smart grid communications (2011)

Smart grid presents the largest growth potential in the machine-to-machine market today. Spurred by the recent advances in M2M technologies, the smart meters/sensors used in smart grid are expected not to require human intervention in characterizing power requirements and energy distribution. These numerous sensors are able to report back information such as power consumption and other monitoring signals. However, SG, as it comprises an energy control and distribution system, requires fast response to malicious events such as distributed denial of service attacks against smart meters. In this article, we model the malicious and/or abnormal events, which may compromise the security and privacy of smart grid users, as a Gaussian process. Based on this model, a novel early warning system is proposed for anticipating malicious events in the SG network. With the warning system, the SG control center can forecast such malicious events, thereby enabling SG to react beforehand and mitigate the possible impact of malicious activity. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed early warning system through computer-based simulations.
Non-Axisymmetric Turbine End Wall Design: Part I — Three-Dimensional Linear Design System (1999)

A linear design system, already in use for the forward and inverse design of three-dimensional turbine aerofoils, has been extended for the design of their end walls. This paper shows how this method has been applied to the design of a non-axisymmetric end wall for a turbine rotor blade in linear cascade. The calculations show that non-axisymmetric end wall profiling is a powerful tool for reducing secondary flows, in particular the secondary kinetic energy and exit angle deviations. Simple end wall profiling is shown to be at least as beneficial aerodynamically as the now standard techniques of differentially skewing aerofoil sections up the span, and (compound) leaning of the aerofoil. A design is presented which combines a number of end wall features aimed at reducing secondary loss and flow deviation. The experimental study of this geometry, aimed at validating the design method, is the subject of the second part of this paper. The effects of end wall perturbations on the flow field are calculated using a 3-D pressure correction based Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes CFD code. These calculations are normally performed overnight on a cluster of work stations. The design system then calculates the relationships between perturbations in the end wall and resulting changes in the flow field. With these available, linear superposition theory is used to enable the designer to investigate quickly the effect on the flow field of many combinations of end wall shapes (a matter of minutes for each shape).
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Keimbildung von Zeolith Y in kolloidalen Lösungen (1999)

Das Wachstum nanoskopischer Kristalle von Zeolith Y aus kolloidalen Alumosilicat-Gelteilchen wurde mit hochauflösender Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Jeweils ein einziger Zeolith-Y-Einkristall entsteht in den amorphen Teilchen, wobei die Keimbildung an der Grenzfläche zwischen Gel und Lösung stattfindet (siehe Schema). Weiteres Wachstum dieser Nanokristalle wird durch den Transport von Gitterbausteinen in Lösung ermöglicht.
Limited Feedback Diversity Techniques for Correlated Channels (2006)

Employing multiple antennas at the transmitter is a well-established technique for providing diversity advantage in wireless systems. Transmit beamforming relies on the assumption of current channel knowledge at the transmitter, which is unrealistic when the forward and reverse links are separated in frequency. One solution to this problem is for the receiver to send a small number of feedback bits that convey channel information to the transmitter. Feedback design techniques have been proposed over the past few years, but they were derived using the assumption of spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading. This correspondence addresses the design of limited feedback beamformers when the channel is correlated.
Pancreatic Ducts as an Important Route of Tumor Extension for Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas (2010)

Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is very rare, which usually grows expansively. Recently, a variant of ACC with predominant growth in the pancreatic ducts has been proposed, and is speculated to have potentially less aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate how the pancreatic duct system is related to the growth and extension of ACC. We reviewed the detailed gross and histologic features of 13 cases of ACC, of which 7 (54%) showed intraductal polypoid growth (IPG) of the tumor in the large pancreatic ducts with a mean IPG length of 24.8 mm. Tumors with IPG were found to spread characteristically along the pancreatic ducts as extending polypoid projections, filling the ducts and destroying the duct walls, although tumors did not tend to extend beyond the pancreatic parenchyma. Comparison of the clinicopathologic characteristics showed that ACC with IPG had less infiltrative features including lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion, formation of tumor thrombus in the portal vein, nodal metastasis, and invasion beyond the pancreas to the surrounding organs; death in only 1 case (14%) of ACC with IPG was the result of ACC itself. In contrast, ACC without IPG frequently showed more infiltrative growth, and was the cause of death in 50% of patients with this type of tumor. Intraductal dissemination of ACC in pancreatic ducts was proven in 1 case of ACC with IPG. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of ACC shows IPG, which is potentially linked to less aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics.
Pupils’ and mass‐media ideas about radioactivity (1990)

The Chernobyl accident has been used as an opportunity to study pupils’ ideas about radioactivity, in relation to the information presented in the mass‐media. Our study produced a detailed picture of pupils’ ideas about the accident, the spreading of radioactive materials that resulted from it, the danger arising from the materials and about what to expect from possible safety measures. The correspondence between pupils’ ideas and mass‐media information appears to be striking. It is argued that information derived from the mass‐media is particularly important as a starting point for science education topics that relate to the life‐world domain.
Termination of ventricular tachycardia with ventricular stimulation: salutary effect of increased current strength. (1982)

The effect of increased stimulus current strength on the right ventricular effective refractory period during sustained ventricular tachycardia and on the ability of single premature right ventricular stimuli to terminate ventricular tachycardia was evaluated. Studies were performed during 53 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia in 25 patients. Forty-four of 53 episodes were slowed by pharmacologic therapy. Current intensities of twice diastolic threshold, 5 mA and 10 mA were used. Increasing current from twice diastolic threshold (1.52 +/- 0.66 mA) to 5 mA (32 episodes) shortened the mean ventricular effective refractory period from 213 +/- 50 to 188 +/- 43 msec (p less than 0.001); and from twice diastolic threshold (1.53 +/- 0.60 mA) to 10 mA (42 episodes), from 206 +/- 55 to 176 +/- 50 msec (p less than 0.001). There was a direct correlation between cycle length of ventricular tachycardia and the ventricular effective refractory period measured at twice diastolic threshold (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001). However, the cycle length of ventricular tachycardia and the amount of shortening of ventricular effective refractory period as current was increased were not significantly correlated (r = 0.40). Eleven episodes of ventricular tachycardia (21%) that could not be terminated by ventricular stimulation at twice diastolic threshold were terminated when increased current strength was used. The ability to terminate ventricular tachycardia was associated with a decrease in ventricular effective refractory period and long tachycardia cycle length. The mean cycle length of the 11 episodes terminated was 455 +/- 50 msec, compared with 381 +/- 63 msec in the 42 episodes not terminated at increased current.
Cancer Chemoprevention Mechanisms Mediated Through the Keap1–Nrf2 Pathway (2010)

The cap'n'collar (CNC) bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 controls expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes, metal-binding proteins, drug-metabolising enzymes, drug transporters, and molecular chaperones. Many chemicals that protect against carcinogenesis induce Nrf2-target genes. These compounds are all thiol-reactive and stimulate an adaptive response to redox stress in cells. Such agents induce the expression of genes that posses an antioxidant response element (ARE) in their regulatory regions. Under normal homeostatic conditions, Nrf2 activity is restricted through a Keap1-dependent ubiquitylation by Cul3-Rbx1, which targets the CNC-bZIP transcription factor for proteasomal degradation. However, as the substrate adaptor function of Keap1 is redox-sensitive, Nrf2 protein evades ubiquitylation by Cul3-Rbx1 when cells are treated with chemopreventive agents. As a consequence, Nrf2 accumulates in the nucleus where it heterodimerizes with small Maf proteins and transactivates genes regulated through an ARE. In this review, we describe synthetic compounds and phytochemicals from edible plants that induce Nrf2-target genes. We also discuss evidence for the existence of different classes of ARE (a 16-bp 5'-TMAnnRTGABnnnGCR-3' versus an 11-bp 5'-RTGABnnnGCR-3', with or without the embedded activator protein 1-binding site 5'-TGASTCA-3'), species differences in the ARE-gene battery, and the identity of critical Cys residues in Keap1 required for de-repression of Nrf2 by chemopreventive agents.
Responses to the combination of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) and docetaxel (DC) in patients with lung and head and neck (H/N) carcinomas (2007)

14025 Background: We demonstrated in mouse xenografts that the combination of docetaxel chemotherapy with 2DG is feasible and increases responses against tumors (CancerRes; 2004 64:31–4). Methods: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of daily oral doses of 2DG given alone and in combination with weekly docetaxel (DC) in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies who had relapsed after chemotherapy, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 2DG alone and in combination with weekly DC. 2DG was initially administered orally once daily for 7 days every other week starting at a dose of 2 mg/kg, and DC was administered at 30mg/m2 for 3 of every 4 weeks. A modified accelerated titration design was used. Following completion of the every other week (EOW) 2DG dosing regimen, 3 weeks on and 1 week off (3–1W) dosing; and then continuous (CW) 2DG dosing were investigated. Results: 21 pts were enrolled in the EOW dosing at 2DG doses up to 88 mg/kg/day; another 10 pts were enrolled in the other dosing regimens. 5 pts had lung cancer (4 NSCLC + 1 SCLC); and another 6 pts had H/N cancers. One pt discontinued for DC-related sensory neuropathy. Single cases of DLT occurred - asymptomatic (64mg/kg) and symptomatic (88 mg/kg) Grade 3 hyperglycemia. The MTD was not reached with the EOW regimen. 2DG is rapidly absorbed (Tmax 0.5–1h) with a half-life of 5–10h. 2DG exhibits linear PK following single and multiple doses with minimal accumulation after multiple doses at 63 and 88 mg/kg. 2DG PK and DC PK do not alter each other. One of 18 evaluable pts in the EOW dosing with breast cancer had a partial response (PR). Another 8 pts achieved disease stabilization (SD) among them: 2 of 4 pts with NSCLC, 2 of 6 pts with H/N cancers, 1 pt with thyroid cancer, and 1 of 3 pts with adenoidcystic carcinoma. The others were unknown primary and a breast lymphoma. Also the MTD was not reached at 63mg/kg (3–1W) dosing where one patient with H/N cancer achieved stabilization of his disease. Enrollment of pts in the CW regimen is ongoing now. Conclusions: The combination of 2DG and DC appears to be feasible and safe with no evidence of PK interactions. Evidence of anti-tumor activity was observed in patients with NSCLC and H/N cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Handy method to calibrate division-of-amplitude polarimeters for the first three Stokes parameters (2016)

This paper presents a complete and original calibration framework for the three-CCD polarimetric cameras. These Division-of-Amplitude imaging polarimeters provide polarization images in real-time and open new applications in robotics. In order to fully exploit properties from polarization images, the sensor has to be calibrated leading sometimes to a tedious task that has to be undertaken with specific optical devices in a controlled environment. The proposed framework relies only on the use of a tablet and enables both to calibrate the geometric and the polarization settings of the camera. After rotating freely by hand the tablet in front of the camera, the system is automatically calibrated providing both the well-known geometric calibration matrix as well as the polarization calibration matrix. The last one is derived from the estimation of the orientation of the three polarizers, and the estimation of their relative values of degree of polarization and average transmittance.
Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota (2020)

Abstract Ascomycota, the largest and best-studied phylum of fungi, contains three subphyla: Saccharomycotina (budding yeasts), Pezizomycotina (filamentous fungi), and Taphrinomycotina (fission yeasts); organisms from all three subphyla have been invaluable as models in diverse fields (e.g., biotechnology, cell biology, genetics, and medicine). Despite its importance, we still lack a comprehensive genome-scale phylogeny or understanding of the similarities and differences in the mode of genome evolution within this phylum. To address these gaps, we examined 1,107 genomes from Saccharomycotina (332), Pezizomycotina (761), and Taphrinomycotina (14) species to infer the Ascomycota phylogeny, estimate its timetree, and examine the evolution of key genomic properties. We inferred a robust genome-wide phylogeny that resolves several contentious relationships and estimated that the Ascomycota last common ancestor likely originated in the Ediacaran (~563 ± 68 million years ago). Comparisons of genomic properties revealed that Saccharomycotina and Pezizomycotina, the two taxon-rich subphyla, differed greatly in their genome properties. Saccharomycotina typically have smaller genomes, lower GC contents, lower numbers of genes, and higher rates of molecular sequence evolution compared to Pezizomycotina. Ancestral state reconstruction showed that the genome properties of the Saccharomycotina and Pezizomycotina last common ancestors were very similar, enabling inference of the direction of evolutionary change. For example, we found that a lineage-specific acceleration led to a 1.6-fold higher evolutionary rate in Saccharomycotina, whereas the 10% difference in GC content between Saccharomycotina and Pezizomycotina genomes stems from a trend toward AT bases within budding yeasts and toward GC bases within filamentous fungi. These results provide a robust evolutionary framework for understanding the diversification of the largest fungal phylum.
Synthesis, thin-film morphology, and comparative study of bulk and bilayer heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices using soluble diketopyrrolopyrrole molecules (2011)

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based organic semiconductors EH-DPP-TFP and EH-DPP-TFPV with branched ethyl-hexyl solubilizing alkyl chains and end capped with trifluoromethyl phenyl groups were designed and synthesized via Suzuki coupling. These compounds show intense absorptions up to 700 nm, and thin film-forming characteristics that sensitively depend on the solvent and coating conditions. Both materials have been used as electron donors in bulk heterojunction and bilayer organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with fullerenes as acceptors and their performance has been studied in detail. The best power conversion efficiency of 3.3% under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm−2) was achieved for bilayer solar cells when EH-DPP-TFPV was used with C60, after a thermal annealing step to induce dye aggregation and interdiffusion of C60 with the donor material. To date, this is one of the highest efficiencies reported for simple bilayer OPV devices.
Kopplingen mellan venture capital, kapitalstruktur och kreativitet i småföretag (2003)

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka om det förelåg något samband mellan ett litet företags leverage och kreativitet och mellan andelen venture kapital av det egna kapitalet och kreativiteten. Teorier inom områdena kreativitet och kapitalstruktur har studerats och denna teoribildning applicerades vid undersökningen. Den metod som valdes för att studera fenomenet kreativitet var dels en kvantitativ studie baserad på företagen vid Ideon där generella samband försökte fastställas. Dels har ett Ideonföretag studerats närmare i en intervjustudie för att på djupet försöka beskriva hur en förändring i kapitalstrukturen upplevs påverka det kreativa arbetet av de anställda och ledningen. Studien visar att det finns ett samband mellan kreativitet och leverage samt att det inte finns något påvisat samband mellan venture kapital och kreativitet. Resultaten fördunklas dock av ett lågt deltagande och det är därför inte uteslutet att den del av undersökningen som berör venture kapital skulle ha utfallit annorlunda vid ett högre deltagande.
A tool for creating predictive performance models from user interface demonstrations (1999)

A central goal of many user interface development tools has been to make the construction of high quality interfaces easy enough that iterative design approaches could be a practical reality. In the last 15 years significant advances in this regard have been achieved. However, the evaluation portion of the iterative design process has received relatively little support from tools. Even though advances have also been made in usability evaluation methods, nearly all evaluation is still done “by hand,” making it more expensive and difficult than it might be. This paper considers a partial implementation of the CRITIQUE usability evaluation tool that is being developed to help remedy this situation by automating a number of evaluation tasks. This paper will consider techniques used by the system to produce predictive models (keystroke level models and simplified GOMS models) from demonstrations of sample tasks in a fraction of the time needed by conventional handcrafting methods. A preliminary comparison of automatically generated models with models created by an expert modeler show them to produce very similar predictions (within 2%). Further, because they are automated, these models promise to be less subject to human error and less affected by the skill of the modeler.
An Approach on Bladed-Disc Tuning (2009)

High cycle fatigue of rotating components, produced as the system is driven near to resonant conditions, is undesirable and is one of the major design concerns in engineering today. Structurally, it is imperative to tune the excited vibration mode out of the operating speed range to avoid large amplitude vibrations. It has been demonstrated that for a single blade with distinct eigenvalues, it is possible to tune the eigenvalue of choice out of the operating speed range while maintaining little change to other natural frequencies through structural perturbations. These perturbations usually come in the form of a redistribution of the stiffness and/or mass [1]. The focus of this paper is to extend this approach to the tuning of two adjacent excited frequencies of a bladed-disc by first reducing the inter-blade coupling through stiffening the disc structure followed by “individual” blade tuning. Due to the complexity of the bladed disc structure, results from direct finite element analyses are used based upon analytical eigen-perturbed expressions to investigate the dynamic inter-blade behavior of an impeller. A good correlation between analysis and laser vibrometry test measurements is obtained.