gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Textile Energy Storage from Cotton T‐Shirts (2012)

A simple chemical activation route is developed to convert insulating cotton T-shirt textiles into highly conductive and flexible activated carbon textiles (ACTs) for energy-storage applications. Such conversion gives these ACTs an ideal electrical double-layer capacitive behavior. The constructed asymmetric supercapacitors based on the ACTs and MnO(2)/ACT composite show superior electrochemical performances.
Fate of linoleic, arachidonic, and docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acids in rat testicles (1973)

A comparative study was made on the fate of linoleic, arachidonic, and docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acids in various subcellular fractions of liver and testis from rats of different ages. It was demonstrated that testicular microsomes can desaturate and elongate linoleic and arachidonic acids in a manner similar to liver microsomes, and that testicular mitochondria can convert docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid to arachidonic acid. Testicular or liver microsomes actively desaturate linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid to arachidonic acid. However, it was impossible to measure in vitro any direct conversion of adrenic acid (22:4 [n - 6]) to docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 [n - 6]) by either liver or testicular microsomes. Docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid is incorporated preferentially into the triglyceride fraction of total testis, mitochondria, and microsomes, while linoleic and arachidonic acids are incorporated more into phospholipids. The capacity of testicular microsomes, but not of liver microsomes, to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids declines with age. It is proposed that the synthesis of acids of the linoleic family proceeds in two stages, a rapid one in which arachidonic acid is made and a second, slower, one in which C(22) and C(24) acids are synthesized. In addition, there appears to be a cycle between microsomes and mitochondria that acts to conserve essential polyunsaturated C(20) and C(22) fatty acids by means of synthesis and partial degradation, respectively. This cycle would restrict the loss of essential fatty acids and might be of importance for the supply of arachidonic acid in testis under specific requirements and especially in older animals.
Hidden Disk Areas: HPA and DCO (2006)

This paper focuses on certain manufacturer hidden areas of a hard disk, specifically Host Protected Areas (HPA) and Device Configuration Overlays (DCO). These areas can be problematic for computer forensic investigators, since many of the common industry tools cannot detect the presence of the HPA and DCO. A review of the ATA specifications and recent white papers indicate that these areas can be accessed, modified, and written to by end users using specific open source and freely available tools, allowing data to be stored and/or hidden in these areas. This greatly increases the risk that image acquisitions may not be a true copy of the physical drive in question. This also could result in the obfuscation of data, leading to incomplete or erroneous investigative conclusions. The paper provides an introduction to these commonly used manufacturer areas and discusses their implication to the computer forensics investigative process. Suggestions for future study and testing are also provided.
A molecular photovoltaic system based on Dawson type polyoxometalate and porphyrin formed by layer-by-layer self assembly (2012)

Films based on electrostatic interactions between tetracationic porphyrin and Dawson type polyoxometalate are formed by the so called layer-by-layer method. Their photovoltaic performances are investigated by photocurrent transient measurements which showed significant photocurrent response.
Spatial and Temporal Changes in PD-L1 Expression in Cancer: The Role of Genetic Drivers, Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Therapy (2020)

Immunotherapies blocking immune inhibitory receptors programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) on T-cells have dramatically improved patient outcomes in a range of advanced cancers. However, the lack of response, and the development of resistance remain major obstacles to long-term improvements in patient outcomes. There is significant interest in the clinical use of biomarkers to improve patient selection, and the expression of PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is often reported as a potential biomarker of response. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the predictive value of PD-L1 expression in tumor biopsies is relatively low due, in part, to its complex biology. In this review, we discuss the biological consequences of PD-L1 expression by various cell types within the tumor microenvironment, and the complex mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression at the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels.
Schedulability Analysis of Global Scheduling Algorithms on Multiprocessor Platforms (2009)

This paper addresses the schedulability problem of periodic and sporadic real-time task sets with constrained deadlines preemptively scheduled on a multiprocessor platform composed by identical processors. We assume that a global work-conserving scheduler is used and migration from one processor to another is allowed during a task lifetime. First, a general method to derive schedulability conditions for multiprocessor real-time systems will be presented. The analysis will be applied to two typical scheduling algorithms: earliest deadline first (EDF) and fixed priority (FP). Then, the derived schedulability conditions will be tightened, refining the analysis with a simple and effective technique that significantly improves the percentage of accepted task sets. The effectiveness of the proposed test is shown through an extensive set of synthetic experiments.
The First Derivative Thoracic Impedance Cardiogram (1970)

When an alternating current of high frequency is applied to the thorax, the first derivative of the impedance to this current is affected by the cardiac cycle resulting in a characteristic wave form. Phonocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and first derivative thoracic impedance cardiograms were recorded simultaneously in 91 subjects. The first derivative thoracic impedance cardiograms were found to have sharply demarcated points which occur synchronously with the first heart sound, aortic second sound, pulmonic second sound, mitral opening snap, third heart sound, and fourth heart sound. The first derivative thoracic impedance cardiogram may thus be used not only as a reference tracing to help identify heart sounds on the phonocardiogram, but also for directly timing the intervals within the cardiac cycle.
Symmetric Electrolyte Nonrandom Two-Liquid Activity Coefficient Model (2009)

The electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid (eNRTL) model is reformulated as a symmetric activity coefficient model with the reference states chosen to be pure liquids for solvents and pure fused salts for electrolytes. These reference states are consistently used in the local interaction term, represented by a reformulated NRTL expression, and the long-range interaction term, represented by an extended symmetric Pitzer−Debye−Hückel expression. Retaining the local electroneutrality and like-ion repulsion hypotheses, the new symmetric electrolyte NRTL model yields simpler activity coefficient expressions for both molecular and ionic species. The utility of the model is demonstrated with vapor−liquid equilibrium, liquid−liquid equilibrium, and solid−liquid equilibria of several mixed solvent electrolyte systems.
Simple Titles to Life Policies. (1923)

It has been said that the chief object for which insurance offices exist is to pay claims. Whether this is true or not it is certain that the payment of claims is an important part of the business of life offices. Before, however, claims can be paid it is necessary to ascertain who is the proper person to receive payment and in view of the troubles in which an office may be involved if payment is made incorrectly it is essential that those who aspire to official positions in life offices should have some knowledge of law. As under the rules of this Society this paper must be read in 20 minutes it will only be possible to deal with a few of the points which arise, but it is hoped that it will give a bird's-eye view of the subject and so enable those who are about to consider it more fully to do so with advantage. In the following notes English law is referred to in the absence of any statement to the contrary.
3D Terrain Sensing System Using Laser Range Finder with Arm-Type Movable Unit (2011)

A 3D configuration and terrain sensing is a very important function for a tracked vehicle robot to give precise information as possible for operators and to move working field efficiently. A Laser Range Finder (LRF) is widely used for the 3D sensing because it can detect wide area fast and can obtain 3D information easily. Some 3D sensing systems with the LRF have been presented in earlier studies (Hashimoto et al., 2008) (Ueda et al., 2006) (Ohno & Tadokoro, 2005). In those measurement systems, multiple LRF sensors are installed in different directions (Poppinga et al., 2008), or a LRF is mounted on a rotatable unit (Nuchter et al., 2005) (Nemoto et al., 2007). Those kinds of system still have the following problems: a. The system is going to be complex in data acquisition because of the use of multiple LRFs for the former case, b. It is difficult for both cases to do sensing more complex terrain such as valley, deep hole, or inside the gap because occlusions occur for such terrain in the sensing. In order to solve these problems, we propose a novel kind of sensing system using an arm-type sensor movable unit which is an application of robot arm. In this sensing system, a LRF is installed at the end of the arm-type movable unit. The LRF can change position and orientation in movable area of the arm unit and face at a right angle according to a variety of configuration. This system is therefore capable of avoiding occlusions for such a complex terrain and sense more accurately. A previous study (Sheh et al., 2007) have showed a similar sensing system in which a range imager has been used to construct a terrain model of stepfields; The range imager was, however, fixed at the end of a pole. Our proposed system is more flexible because the sensor can be actuated by the arm-type movable unit. We have designed and developed a prototype system of the arm-type sensor movable unit in addition to a tracked vehicle robot. In this chapter, Section 2 describes an overview of the developed tracked vehicle and sensing system as well as how to calculate 3D sensing position. Section 3 explains two major sensing methods in this system. Section 4 presents fundamental experiments which were employed to confirm a sensing ability of this system. Section 5 shows an example of 3D mapping for wide area by this system. Section 6 discusses these results.
THE HALF‐LIFE OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN AND C‐PEPTIDE IN MAN ASSESSED BY SOMATOSTATIN SUPPRESSION (1985)

The in-vivo half-lives of insulin and C-peptide have been assessed in normal man by a method which examines the decline of endogenously produced insulin and C-peptide after somatostatin suppression of secretion. Venous blood samples were taken each minute from seven normal subjects: i.v. glucose (0.1 g/kg ideal body weight) was given over 1 min to stimulate secretion, followed by a bolus of 250 micrograms of somatostatin-14 and an infusion of a further 250 micrograms somatostatin-14 over the subsequent 30 min. Plasma samples were analysed for C-peptide, glucose and insulin. The initial mono-exponential half-lives over 8 min were 3.9 +/- 0.3 and 10.2 +/- 0.7 min respectively (mean +/- SEM), with subsequent slower declines. Log transformed insulin and C-peptide yielded biphasic declinations which were assessed by a two-pool model. The rate constant of clearance of insulin implied avid uptake, while the kinetics of C-peptide clearance were slower, and irreversible loss might be explained by glomerular filtration alone. The somatostatin suppression method of measuring hormone kinetics could be used for newly described hormones which are not available for in-vivo studies.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Arginine-Containing Neuropeptides by Precolumn Derivatization and Fluorimetric Detection (1990)

Abstract A previously developed fluorescence method for determining leupeptin and the angiotensins is shown to be applicable to assaying other small arginine-containing peptides. In this procedure arginine residues are derivatized by reaction with benzoin. Femtomole sensivity is obtainable with this method. However, it cannot be used with larger arginine-containing peptides because those fragment upon derivatization.
Quantitatively linking collagen alteration and epithelial tumor progression by second harmonic generation microscopy (2010)

Collagen alteration is critical for epithelial tumor initiation and progression. Quantitatively linking collagen alteration and epithelial tumor progression is essential for developing an optical endoscopy to evaluate epithelial tumor progression. In this work, we established a quantitative link between collagen alteration and epithelial tumor progression using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. It was found that SHG microscopy can provide quantitative features to effectively evaluate epithelial tumor progression, and to locate tumor and determine the margin of tumor regions. These results suggest that SHG microscopy has the potential in offering a noninvasive in vivo imaging tool to quantify epithelial tumor progression.
Energia, cambiamenti climatici e sequestro dell’anidride carbonica (2003)

The sustainability of the energy demand growth in the 21st century is highly constrained by the climate change induced by greenhouse-gases anthropogenic emission. This paper presents technological options for large-scale carbon dioxide sequestration, that is CO 2 capture from power plants and geological, oceanic and biological long-term disposal.
The Most Efficient Tile Size in Tile-Based Cylinder Panoramic Video Coding and its Selection Under Restriction of Bandwidth (2007)

Cylinder panoramic videos are a 360deg representation in horizontal of a certain scene. The users can navigate interactively through the scene and change their view angels. Because of large field of view, panoramic videos are often high-resolution and consume a significant amount of bandwidth for transmission. To resolve the problem, tile-based panoramic video coding and transmission is applied in some systems. With tile-based panoramic video coding and transmission, the panorama is divided into tiles and only the tiles involved with perspective view are transmitted and decoded. In the tile-based video coding, the selection of tile size is a problem. Different tile sizes will bring different quality of perspective view with the same bandwidth. In this paper, we proposed a method to select the most efficient tile size. With this method, the most efficient tile size could be fast selected and users can build the best quality perspective view from cylinder panoramic videos with the given bandwidth.
Detection of T and B cells in many animal species using cross-reactive anti-peptide antibodies (1993)

A wide range of lineage-specific Ag are detectable in the human lymphoid system using mAb, but only a few such markers are detectable in animal species. In this paper, we have investigated the interspecies reactivity of antibodies raised against intracytoplasmic peptide sequences from two T cell Ag (CD3 and CD5) and two B cell markers (the Ig-associated polypeptides encoded by the mb-1 and B29 genes). Immunocytochemical labeling of tissue sections showed that these antibodies cross-react widely between different species (including ungulates, rodents, and marsupials), staining B or T cell areas selectively in lymphoid tissue. The specificity of these antibodies for the animal homologues of the human T and B cell markers was confirmed for the rat by Western blotting analysis. The broad cross-reactivity of these antibodies appears to be due to the fact that they were raised against intracytoplasmic peptide sequences that are highly conserved between humans and rodents, i.e., 80% for mb-1, 85% for CD5, and 100% for CD3 and B29. This strategy should, in the future, widen the range of lineage-associated markers detectable in experimental animals.
Multidrug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Potential New Therapeutics (2008)

In acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), multidrug resistance (MDR) is frequently, but not always, caused by the MDR1 gene product, a 170- to 180-kDa glycoprotein known as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or human MDR1 protein ( [1][1] ). It is characterized by broad resistance to several structurally, chemically,
Origin of Interface States and Oxide Charges Generated by Ionizing Radiation (1976)

The randomly located trivalent silicon atoms are shown to account for the thermally generated interface states at the SiO₂-Si interface. The interface state density is greatly reduced in water containing ambients at low temperatures (450°C) by forming trivalent silicon hydroxide bonds. Interface states are regenerated when the ≡Si-OH bonds are broken by ionizing radiation and the OH ions are drifted away. In the bulk of the oxide film, the trivalent silicon and the interstitial oxygen donor centers are shown to be responsible for the heat and radiation generated positive space charge build-up (oxide charge) in thermally grown silicon oxide.
Java : how to program : with an introduction to Visual J++ (1997)

Prgram dvelopment program control methods arrays object-based programming object-oriented programming strings and characters graphics basic graphical user interface components multimedia exception handling multithreading files and streams networking data structures.
The flicker-fusion threshold in schizophrenia and depression. (1975)

The flicker-fusion threshold was determined in 76 patients who complained of depression and who were diagnosed as suffering from either schizophrenia or depression. It was found to be lowered in schizophrenia and lowered further in depression as compared with 28 healthy volunteers. The differences between the three groups were all highly significant with P less than 0.0005 in each case. The flicker-fusion threshold was found to be lowered by intravenous chlorpromazine and raised by intravenous amitriptyline, so it is unlikely that these differences were due to medication that the patients had been taking.
Securing the core with an Enterprise Key Management Infrastructure (EKMI) (2008)

The last twenty-five years has witnessed an emphasis on protecting the network and computing host as a proxy for protecting data from unauthorized access. While this was a reasonable strategy at the dawn of network-based computing, given the state of the internet today with its security issues, this strategy is proving to be hopeless.
Spectroscopic studies on the active site of hydroperoxide lyase; the influence of detergents on its conformation (2001)

Expression of high quantities of alfalfa hydroperoxide lyase in Escherichia coli made it possible to study its active site and structure in more detail. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that hydroperoxide lyase consists for about 75% of alpha-helices. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra confirmed its classification as a cytochrome P450 enzyme. The positive influence of detergents on the enzyme activity is paralleled by a spin state transition of the heme Fe(III) from low to high spin. EPR and CD spectra showed that detergents induce a subtle conformational change, which might result in improved substrate binding. Because hydroperoxide lyase is thought to be a membrane bound protein and detergents mimic a membrane environment, the more active, high spin form likely represents the in vivo conformation. Furthermore, the spin state appeared to be temperature-dependent, with the low spin state favored at low temperature. Point mutants of the highly conserved cysteine in domain D indicated that this residue might be involved in heme binding.
Screening large-scale association study data: exploiting interactions using random forests (2004)

In the context of large-scale genetic association studies where unknown interactions exist among true risk-associated SNPs or SNPs and environmental covariates, screening SNPs using random forest analyses can significantly reduce the number of SNPs that need to be retained for further study compared to standard univariate screening methods.
Radiation from modulated surface wave structures - II (2005)

Approximate expressions are derived for the electromagnetic fields in a surface wave which propagates along a typical modulated structure - a rectangular slab of uniform thickness, mounted on a perfectly conducting surface, whose dielectric constant and/or permeability vary slowly in a sinusoidal manner along the direction of propagation. Radiation patterns are computed for such a structure of finite length set in an infinite ground plane. In contrast to the endfire pattern obtained from a homogeneous slab, it is possible to obtain a tilted beam from the modulated structure by proper control of the amplitude, wavelength and phase of the structure modulation.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Railway Point Machines by Sound Analysis (2016)

Railway point devices act as actuators that provide different routes to trains by driving switchblades from the current position to the opposite one. Point failure can significantly affect railway operations, with potentially disastrous consequences. Therefore, early detection of anomalies is critical for monitoring and managing the condition of rail infrastructure. We present a data mining solution that utilizes audio data to efficiently detect and diagnose faults in railway condition monitoring systems. The system enables extracting mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) from audio data with reduced feature dimensions using attribute subset selection, and employs support vector machines (SVMs) for early detection and classification of anomalies. Experimental results show that the system enables cost-effective detection and diagnosis of faults using a cheap microphone, with accuracy exceeding 94.1% whether used alone or in combination with other known methods.
RS-ibuprofen and S-ibuprofen (dexibuprofen) : Binary system and unusual solubility behaviour (1996)

The solubility C s of S-(+)-ibuprofen (dexibuprofen, S-ibu) in aqueous HCVKCI buffer solution, pH 1.5, is about twice that of RS-(±)-ibuprofen (rac-ibu) at 20 °C and 38 °C. Dependent on temperature T (K), the solubility C s (mmol l -1 ) can be described by in C s = - 433.45 + 16808.04.T -1 + 66.02.ln T for S-ibu and by in C s = - 464.80 + 17594.54.T -1 + 70.91.ln T for rac-ibu. The difference in the heats of solution of S-ibu and rac-ibu aggrees with the difference in the heats of fusion. The solubility of S-ibu is 3.5 times more dependent on addition of polysorbate 80 than that of rac-ibu at 20 °C and pH 1.5. The solubility as a function of the pH follows the equation C s = C s,0 .(1 + 10 pH-pK a,2). At 20 °C, C s,0(S-ibu) is 0.336 mmol l -1 and C s,0(rac- ibu) is 0.145 mmol l -1 ; at 38 °C the values for C s,0 are 0.622 mmol l -1 and 0.306 mmol l -1 (pK a,2 = 4.430 at 20 and 38°C). The analytical data deviate from theoretical data at pH-values higher than 6.5. Formation of liquid crystals (lyotropic mesophases) was discovered as a reason for this deviation. The binary phase diagram confirmed that rac-ibu (melting peak by DSC 74.8 °C, heat of fusion 25.7 kJ mol -1 , true density 1.110 g g cm -3 ) is a racemic compound. The eutectic points (calculated) are at 49.6 °C and at 0.06 and 0.94 mole fractions of S-ibu (melting peak by DSC 51.2°C, heat of fusion 18.7 kJ mol -1 , true density 1.093 g cm -3 ). Furthermore, an unstable phase can be found in the area near the eutectic, yet only in binary mixtures. Its formation is favoured by the low tendency of crystallization between 0.80 and 0.93 mole fractions of S-ibu. It was not possible to gain the corresponding unstable modification either of pure S-ibu or rac-ibu. The main reason is that the unstable phase again induces the crystallization of S-ibu and rac-ibu.