gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Optical Actuator Based on Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Containing Temperature‐Memory Semicrystalline Polymers (2017)

Photoresponsive actuators based on semicrystalline poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) loaded with small amounts of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are described. Upon absorption of light (532 nm), the heat released by the AuNPs raises the temperature in the irradiated region to T<sub>light</sub> to melt crystallites with lower melting temperatures (T<sub>m</sub> <T<sub>light</sub> ), resulting in a contraction force on the sample sustained by the crystalline skeleton domains with T<sub>m</sub> >T<sub>light</sub> . Once the light is turned off, the recrystallization of oriented chains in the actuation domains upon cooling gives rise to an expansion force. We show that the photoinduced contraction force, T<sub>light</sub> , and the speed for reaching T<sub>light</sub> can readily be adjusted, which makes EVA/AuNP a robust, fast optical actuation system tunable in both speed and magnitude. The material design can easily be extended to other temperature-memory semicrystalline polymers in combination with various light-absorbing and heat-generating additives.
A hand held magnetic camera system for real time crack inspection (2011)

Paramagnetic metals like aluminum alloys are used in aircraft due to their light weight. Magneto-optical eddy current imager (MOI) is a nondestructive magneto-optical technique that is used to inspect fatigue cracks and corrosion in the aluminum alloy of aged aircraft. Unfortunately, the quantitative distribution of distorted magnetic flux leakage (MFL) from crack tips is difficult to measure, and therefore, the shapes and sizes of cracks are difficult to evaluate quantitatively. Additionally, the inspected results vary significantly according to the skill level of the worker. Hand-held magnetic camera using Hall sensor array for crack inspection in paramagnetic materials is developed by research center for real time NDT. Distorted alternate currents (DAC) are produced around the crack tips when the sheet type induced current (STIC) is induced on the specimen in the hand-held magnetic camera system. The alternate MFL resulting from the DAC is detected using a Hall sensor array. The root-mean-squared MFL after the use of high pass filter is converted to a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). And it is stored in a computer, and processed by interface and operation software. An algorithm for the quantitative nondestructive testing and evaluation of cracks of different shapes and sizes on the aluminum alloy, Al7075, is proposed in this paper.
The Role of Securities in the Optimal Allocation of Risk-bearing (1964)

Journal Article The Role of Securities in the Optimal Allocation of Risk-bearing Get access K. J. Arrow K. J. Arrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 31, Issue 2, April 1964, Pages 91–96, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296188 Published: 01 April 1964
Minimally invasive techniques in thoracic medicine and surgery (1995)

This volume provides the reader with a comprensive guide to the various minimally invasive techniques that are used in thoracic medicine and surgery. Lasers are the single most useful medium and so receive particular attention. There are major contributions on: laser physics; laser safety; laser tissue interaction; the value of combined or sequential use of the Nd YAG and CO2 lasers with brachytherapy of Stents in the palliation of tracheobronchial tumours; general anaesthetic techniques for laser bronchoscopy; and the use of flourescence tumour detection as an aid to conventional white light diagnosit bronchoscopy. The individual techniques are described by internationally recognized experts in their fields. In the case of the chapters on the photodynamic therapy and brachytherapy the opinions, and experience of experts from different countries are included to give an international perspective on results.
Traveller's thrombosis (2000)

Purkinje cells are among the most resistant neurons to axotomy and the most refractory to axonal regeneration. By using organotypic cultures, we have studied age- and environment-related factors implicated in Purkinje cell survival and axonal regeneration. Most Purkinje cells taken from 1- to 5-d-old rats, the period in which these neurons are engaged in intense synaptogenesis and dendritic remodeling, die 1 week after plating, whereas if cultured before or after this period, Purkinje cells survive, even in the absence of deep nuclear neurons, their postsynaptic targets. Cerebellar slices taken from 10-d-old rats and kept <i>in vitro</i> for 1 week acquire a cellular composition resembling mature cerebellum. Their Purkinje cells are resistant to axotomy, but even when confronted with permissive environments (sciatic nerves or fetal cerebellar slices), their axons do not regenerate. In contrast, fetal rat and mouse Purkinje cells are able to regenerate their axons on mature cerebellar slices. This regeneration is massive, and the regrowing axons invade all cerebellar regions of the apposed mature slices, including white matter. These results show that Purkinje cell survival and axonal regeneration are age-related and independent from environmental constraints. Moreover, our observations suggest strongly that the onset of synaptogenesis of Purkinje cell axons could provide a signal to turn off their growth program and that, thereafter, permissive microenvironment alone is unable to reestablish such a program.
Dimensional Reduction of Word-Frequency Data as a Substitute for Intersubjective Content Analysis (2004)

This paper presents a method for using dimensional reduction in the analysis of political content. We draw inspiration from latent semantic analysis (LSA) theory, which posits that factor analysis can successfully model human language. We suggest that the factor analysis of word frequencies generated from any political text—for example, open-ended survey responses—provides adequate content analysis categories and can substitute for more commonly practiced techniques. The method proceeds in three steps: data preparation, exploratory factor analyses, and hypothesis testing. This method may produce other benefits by allowing the data to speak more clearly in the development of coding dictionaries while avoiding the problems of inferential circularity common in other data-driven approaches. We demonstrate the method using responses collected in the execution of an experimental design dealing with the topic of partial-birth abortion and assess the demonstration by presenting a human coding of the same material.
Low-Fiber Canola. Part 1. Chemical and Nutritive Composition of the Meal (2012)

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritive composition of meals derived from a newly developed yellow-seeded Brassica napus canola and the canola-quality Brassica juncea . In comparison with its conventional black-seeded counterpart, meal derived from yellow-seeded B. napus canola contained more protein (49.8 vs 43.8% DM), more sucrose (10.2 vs 8.8% DM), and less total dietary fiber (24.1 vs 30.1% DM). B. juncea canola showed intermediate levels of protein, sucrose, and dietary fiber (47.4, 9.2, and 25.8%, respectively). The reduction in fiber content of yellow-seeded B. napus canola was a consequence of a bigger seed size, a lower contribution of the hull fraction to the total seed mass, and a lower content of lignin with associated polyphenols of the hull fraction. The meal derived from yellow-seeded B. napus canola would appear to have quality characteristics superior to those from black-seeded B. napus or yellow-seeded B. juncea.
배합 인자를 고려한 Machine Learning Algorithm 기반 콘크리트 압축강도 추정 기법에 관한 연구 (2017)

In the construction site, it is necessary to estimate the compressive strength of concrete in order to adjust the demolding time of the form, and establish and adjust the construction schedule. The compressive strength of concrete is determined by various influencing factors. However, the conventional method for estimating the compressive strength of concrete has been suggested by considering only 1 to 3 specific influential factors as variables. In this study, six influential factors (Water, Cement, Fly ash, Blast furnace slag, Curing temperature, and humidity) of papers opened for 10 years were collected at three conferences in order to know the various correlations among data and the tendency of data. After using algorithm of various methods of machine learning techniques, we selected the most suitable regression analysis model for estimating the compressive strength.
1052. Polysaccharides of the characeae. Part IV. A non-esterified pectic acid from Nitella translucens (1961)

D. M. W. Anderson and N. J. King, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 5333 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610005333
Study on Confirmation of Solid-Meal Lag Phase of Gastric Emptying (1991)

The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of a lag phase of gastric emptying of solid meals. We studied solid phase gastric emptying in 26 normal subject using continuous data aquisition for 30 minutes. Each ingested a 300 g meal containing scrambled egg (solid 150g, milk 150 ml). Lag phase was determined by 1) inspection of the gastric emptying curve 2) time to a 2% decrease in stomach activity 3) the time of visual appearance of duodenal activity on computer image We concluded that solid meal lag phase exist.
Substituted Hydroxyapatites with Antibacterial Properties (2014)

Reconstructive surgery is presently struggling with the problem of infections located within implantation biomaterials. Of course, the best antibacterial protection is antibiotic therapy. However, oral antibiotic therapy is sometimes ineffective, while administering an antibiotic at the location of infection is often associated with an unfavourable ratio of dosage efficiency and toxic effect. Thus, the present study aims to find a new factor which may improve antibacterial activity while also presenting low toxicity to the human cells. Such factors are usually implemented along with the implant itself and may be an integral part of it. Many recent studies have focused on inorganic factors, such as metal nanoparticles, salts, and metal oxides. The advantages of inorganic factors include the ease with which they can be combined with ceramic and polymeric biomaterials. The following review focuses on hydroxyapatites substituted with ions with antibacterial properties. It considers materials that have already been applied in regenerative medicine (e.g., hydroxyapatites with silver ions) and those that are only at the preliminary stage of research and which could potentially be used in implantology or dentistry. We present methods for the synthesis of modified apatites and the antibacterial mechanisms of various ions as well as their antibacterial efficiency.
Solution carbocation stabilities measured by internal competition for a hydride ion (1982)

Although many techniques are known which allow one to compare the stabilities of solution carbocations, that involving the intermolecular competition for a hydride ion is conceptually (but not experimentally) the simplest procedure. This paper describes a variant of this which is experimentally more reliable and which uses intramolecular equilibria where the two competing systems are held together by a —(CH 2 )n— chain, e.g.[Formula: see text]By systematically varying "n" in this example (n = 0, 1,2, or 3), it has been found that a methylene chain of two or more carbons is necessary in order to minimize steric interactions between the end "systems". It has also been found that all cycloalkyl rings studied (except cyclohexyl) stabilize a cation centre much better than an aliphatic equivalent, i.e. [Formula: see text], in agreement with solvolysis rate studies. The same situation was found when comparing this aliphatic "system" against the 2-norbornyl cation (bicyclic) or against the tricyclic 2-adamantyl cation. In fact, in these cases the equilibria are too lop-sided to obtain numerical values for the equilibrium constants concerned. Finally, three carbocations were looked at where the 2-norbornyl cation structure was pitted against the structurally very related cyclopentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, and bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl cations. In all cases, the 2-norbornyl cation is the more stable. 13 C nmr spectroscopy was used as the analytical tool to measure (or attempt to measure) the equilibrium constants. Depending on the rate of the equilibration process, three different techniques are involved and the relative merits of these are discussed in the latter part of the paper.
Effects of apelin and leptin on renal functions following renal ischemia/reperfusion: An experimental study (2012)

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of apelin and leptin on renal functions following renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups. The control group was not induced with ischemia, but was administered normal saline intraperitoneally. Normal saline, apelin and leptin were administered intraperitoneally to the I/R, ischemia/reperfusion and apelin (I/R+A) and ischemia/reperfusion and leptin (I/R+L) groups, in turn for three days prior to the surgical procedure. Blood and urine samples were obtained after 24 h of reperfusion, and scintigraphic examination was performed. Renal damage was evaluated histopathologically. Urea levels of the I/R+L and I/R+A groups were comparable, but were higher compared to that of the control group. The I/R group had the highest urea levels (control, 27±2; I/R, 120±15; I/R+A, 75±10; I/R+L, 80±11; p<0.001). Creatinine levels were higher in all three ischemic groups compared to the control group. Glomerular filtration rate values of the I/R+A and I/R+L groups were not significantly, but numerically higher compared to that of the I/R group. No pathological damage was observed in any of the animals in the control group. In the I/R group, two animals had moderate and six had severe renal damage, while three had moderate and one had severe renal damage in the I/R+L group. In the I/R+A group, moderate renal damage was found in one animal, while none had severe renal damage. This study demonstrates the functional and histopathological protective effects of leptin and apelin against renal I/R injury.
Nickel-Catalyzed Reaction of Highly Fluorinated Epoxides with Halogens (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNickel-Catalyzed Reaction of Highly Fluorinated Epoxides with Halogens⊥Zhen-Yu YangView Author Information DuPont Central Research & Development Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 34, 8140–8141Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1996Publication History Received29 April 1996Published online28 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961408shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961408srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views764Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ethers,Granular materials,Group 17 compounds,Nickel,Solvents Get e-Alerts
EXPRESSION OF LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR AND APOLIPOPROTEINE GENES BY PERINATAL RAT LIPID-LADEN PULMONARY FIBROBLASTS (2001)

Lipid-laden interstitial fibroblasts (LIFs) are abundant during alveolar septal formation in rats and accumulate droplets of neutral lipids. The mechanisms controlling lipid acquisition by LIFs are incompletely understood and accumulation varies during postnatal development, because lipid droplets are usually a transient phenotype. We hypothesized that plasma lipoproteins may be an important source of lipids and that the cells may alter their acquisition of lipoproteins by changing the expression of lipoprotein receptors and apolipoprotein E. We quantified the accumulation low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) by LIFs and the expression of LDL and VLDL receptors mRNA and protein at various perinatal ages and found no significant age-related differences. Apolipoprotein E mRNA was maximal at postnatal day 15, whereas immunoreactive apolipoprotein E protein was maximal at gestational day 21, suggesting complex regulation. Our findings indicate that the age-related difference in the lipid droplet contents of LIFs is not primarily related to differences in LDL or VLDL receptor expression. They suggest that changes in the quantities of plasma lipoproteins, which are presented to LIFs in the lung at various perinatal ages, are more likely to be responsible for age-related alterations in lipid droplet size and abundance.
Complete Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Strain YNTBa from Yunnan Province of China (2017)

YNTBa is a rabbit-passaged attenuated strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of YNTBa, which provides data for further studies on replication, virulence, its determinants, and cell and host tropism of YNTBa.
A quality by design approach for the development of lyophilized liposomes with simvastatin (2017)

Lyophilization is used to ensure an increased shelf-life of liposomes, by preserving them in dry state, more stable than the aqueous dispersions. When stored as aqueous systems, the encapsulated drugs are released and the liposomes might aggregate or fuse. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a lyophilized formulation of simvastatin (SIM) loaded into long circulating liposomes using the Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Pharmaceutical development by QbD aims to identify characteristics that are critical for the final product quality, and to establish how the critical process parameters can be varied to consistently produce a product with the desired characteristics. In the case of lyophilized liposomes, the choice of the optimum formulation and technological parameters has to be done, in order to protect the integrity of the liposomal membrane during lyophilization. Thus, the influence of several risk factors (3 formulation factors: PEG proportion, cholesterol concentration, the cryoprotectant to phospholipids molar ratio, and 2 process parameters: the number of extrusions through 100 nm polycarbonate membranes and the freezing conditions prior lyophilization) over the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of lyophilized long circulating liposomes with simvastatin (lyo-LCL-SIM), i.e. the size, the encapsulated SIM concentration, the encapsulated SIM retention, the T<sub>m</sub> change and the residual moisture content, was investigated within the current study using the design of experiments tool of QbD. Moreover, the design space for lyo-LCL-SIM was determined, in which the established quality requirements of the product are met, provided that the risk factors vary within the established limits.
Expression Profiling in the Muscular Dystrophies (2000)

We used expression profiling to define the pathophysiological cascades involved in the progression of two muscular dystrophies with known primary biochemical defects, dystrophin deficiency (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and alpha-sarcoglycan deficiency (a dystrophin-associated protein). We employed a novel protocol for expression profiling in human tissues using mixed samples of multiple patients and iterative comparisons of duplicate datasets. We found evidence for both incomplete differentiation of patient muscle, and for dedifferentiation of myofibers to alternative lineages with advancing age. One developmentally regulated gene characterized in detail, alpha-cardiac actin, showed abnormal persistent expression after birth in 60% of Duchenne dystrophy myofibers. The majority of myofibers ( approximately 80%) remained strongly positive for this protein throughout the course of the disease. Other developmentally regulated genes that showed widespread overexpression in these muscular dystrophies included embryonic myosin heavy chain, versican, acetylcholine receptor alpha-1, secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine/osteonectin, and thrombospondin 4. We hypothesize that the abnormal Ca(2)+ influx in dystrophin- and alpha-sarcoglycan-deficient myofibers leads to altered developmental programming of developing and regenerating myofibers. The finding of upregulation of HLA-DR and factor XIIIa led to the novel identification of activated dendritic cell infiltration in dystrophic muscle; these cells mediate immune responses and likely induce microenvironmental changes in muscle. We also document a general metabolic crisis in dystrophic muscle, with large scale downregulation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene expression. Finally, our expression profiling results show that primary genetic defects can be identified by a reduction in the corresponding RNA.
Biostatistical methods : the assessment of relative risks (2000)

Biostatistics and Biomedical Science Relative Risk Estimates and Tests for Two Independent Groups Sample Size, Power, and Efficiency Stratified-Adjusted Analysis for Two Independent Groups Case-Control and Matched Studies Applications of Maximum Likelihood and Efficient Scores Logistic Regression Models Analysis of Count Data Analysis of Event-Time Data Appendices References Indexes.
A német büntető törvénykönyv időbeli hatálya a joggyakorlatban (1970)

Az időbeli hatály Németország Büntető Törvénykönyvének (StGB) alkalmazása során is sok esetben okoz komoly fejtörést a jogalkalmazónak. A német Btk. tekintélyes kora az állandóságára enged következtetni, azonban számtalan módosítása miatt mindig is jelentős problémát jelentett – és jelent ma is – annak megítélése, hogy az adott tényállásra vonatkozó több, eltérő tartalmú rendelkezés közül melyik is a terheltre kedvezőbb. A legenyhébb törvény alkalmazása az elkövető előnyben részesítését jelenti, amit Németországban a jogállamiság részének, az arányos igazságosság megjelenésének, szinte alkotmányos szabálynak tartanak. A tanulmány ezt a problematikát mutatja be akként, hogy a vonatkozó jogszabályi rendelkezések mellett a bíróságok jogalkalmazási gyakorlatát is igyekszik megvilágítani. Ezen túlmenően érinti a kapcsolódó jogirodalmi álláspontokat, kitér a német szabálysértési jogra, valamint röviden összehasonlítja a német és a magyar szabályozást és joggyakorlatot.
Pivotal Response Intervention I: Overview of Approach (1999)

The purpose of this article is to present an overview of several pivotal response interventions. Our research at the University of California, Santa Barbara, has been focused on attempting to identify pivotal areas that, when changed, result in concomitant positive changes in other areas. Pivotal areas that are discussed include responsivity to multiple cues, motivation to initiate and respond appropriately to social and environmental stimuli, and self-regulation of behavior, including self-management and self-initiations. The trend to streamline intervention by targeting behaviors that will have widespread effects on development, rather than targeting individual behaviors one at a time, is discussed.