gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Crowded Olefins with Bromine. A Comparison of the Strained (E)-2,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethylhex-3-ene with the Sterically Hindered Tetraisobutylethylene (1995)

(E)-2,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethylhex-3-ene (HMH, 2) reacts with Br-2 in chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents to give 3-bromo-2-tert-butyl-3,4,4-trimethylpentene (4), which is dehydrobrominated to 2,3-di-tert-butyl-1,3-butadiene (5). The first product of the interaction of the title olefin and Br-2 in 1,2-dichloroethane is a 1:1 CTC having K-f = 84(0.3) M(-1) at 25 degrees C, Delta H = -5.7(0.4) kcal mol(-1), and Delta S = -10.3(1.3)eu in this solvent. This probably evolves to a second CTC of 1:2 stoichiometry, which ionizes directly to a bromonium-tribromide ion pair. Removal of an H+ from the bromonium ion by the counteranion gives the allylic bromide 4. Kinetic investigations using 2-H6 and its 3,4-bis(trideuteriomethyl) derivative 2-D6 show a primary kinetic isotope effect k(H)/k(D) = 2.17(0.25) at 25 degrees C, which decreases with increasing temperature, showing that the deprotonation step is at least partially rate determining. A similar conclusion holds for the reaction in acetic acid, where a k(H)/k(D) = 2.05(0.1) at 25 degrees C is observed. This requires that the formation of the bromonium ion intermediate is a reversible process, as for the analogous reaction of tetraisobutylethylene (TIBE, 1) with Br-2. The apparent activation energy for the reaction of 2-H6 in acetic acid, E(a(obsd)) = 1.93(0.06) kcal mol(-1), is much lower than that for the reaction of TIBE (1), E(a(obsd)) = 15.65(1.22) mol(-1). This is mainly attributable to steric strain present in the olefin HMH, 2,which is relieved in in the rate-determining transition state.
The effect of high-dose nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation on silicone surfaces (2000)

The effect of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatment on silicone surfaces was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Low-energy (at voltages of 4 and 8 kV) and high-fluence (8×1017 cm-2) implantation of nitrogen was performed using an inductively coupled plasma source (ICP) at low pressure (~0.03 Pa). The IR absorption spectra showed a significant decomposition in the CH3, Si-CH3, and C-F groups of the silicone surface after PIII treatment. The percentage of decomposition was dependent on the implantation energy. The XPS C 1s spectra of the PIII modified surfaces showed an increase in the polar carboxyl (O-C=O) groups and a decrease in the CF3 groups. PIII treatment shifted the XPS Si 2p peak of silicone to a higher binding energy (around 103.2 eV) and the N 1s peak to lower binding energy (around 398.5 eV). The modified Si 2p, N 1s, and O 1s spectra suggest the formation of SiOx phases, silicon oxynitrides, and silicon nitrides on the silicone surface after PIII treatment.
Reaction of pentaborane(9) with alkali metal hydroborates (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of pentaborane(9) with alkali metal hydroboratesMalcolm G. H. Wallbridge and C. G. SavoryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 2, 419–422Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50096a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50096a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Luminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) in aqueous clay minerals suspensions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) in aqueous clay minerals suspensionsRobert A. Schoonheydt, Paul De Pauw, Dominique Vliers, and Frans C. De SchrijverCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 21, 5113–5118Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150665a062https://doi.org/10.1021/j150665a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fluorescence X-ray spectrometric determination of ferric oxide and calcium oxide in cements and their raw materials (1961)

セメントおよびセメント原料中の酸化第二鉄および酸化カルシウムを迅速に分析するため,螢光X線分析法により定量し,良好な結果を得た.検量線の作成には,マトリックス効果を少なくするため,被測定成分以外の成分の比が一定となるように,純薬を用いて合成したセメントおよび調合原料を用いた.測定試料は,300kg/cm2で加圧成型し,標準試料として,酸化第二鉄定量の際にはバサルトの研摩切片を,また酸化カルシウム定量の際にはカルサイトの研摩切片を用いた.分光結晶,X線通路はそれぞれフッ化リチウムおよび真空とし,波高分析器を用い,シンチレーション計数管で測定した.測定試料を作り換え,同一試料を繰り返し測定した際の酸化第二鉄および酸化カルシウムの定量値の標準偏差はそれぞれσFe2O3=0.016%およびσCaO=0.30%であり,化学分析値と螢光X線分析値の差の絶対値は酸化第二鉄0.096%,酸化カルシウム0.26%であった.測定に要する時間は試料作成時間を含めて10分以下であり,本分析法はセメントおよびセメント原料中の酸化第二鉄および酸化カルシウムの迅速定量法として,きわめて有効なものであると考える.
A comprehensive power analysis and a highly efficient, mode-hopping DC-DC converter (2003)

A comprehensive power analysis, keeping integrated circuits in mind, is presented while highlighting all conduction, switching, and dynamic power losses in a DC-DC converter. Synchronous rectification, zero-voltage switching, mode-hopping, and variable frequency operation are evaluated. The efficiency for constant frequency CCM, constant frequency DCM, and constant on-time, variable frequency DCM techniques is analyzed and the optimum technique is derived. It is concluded that a mode-hopping converter employing an asynchronous, constant on-time, variable frequency DCM operation for low output currents and a synchronous, constant frequency CCM operation for high load currents yields the best efficiency performance.
Comparison of serum hepatitis C virus RNA concentration by branched DNA probe assay with competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as a predictor of response to interferon-α therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients (1996)

A study was carried out to assess the correlation between the serum concentration of hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) in patients with chronic hepatitis, as measured by competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) and branched DNA probe assay (bDNA), and response to interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) therapy. The serum HCV-RNA concentration was evaluated by both cRT-PCR and bDNA in 54 patients who had received a total dose of 480 MU of IFN alpha. HCV subtypes were also identified in all patients. The measurement of serum HCV-RNA concentration by bDNA correlated significantly with that of cRT-PCR. The concentration of HCV-RNA in subtype 1 patients was significantly higher than that in subtype 2 patients when measured by bDNA, but not when measured by cRT-PCR. The correlation of HCV-RNA concentration between bDNA and cRT-PCR was associated with both subtypes 1 and 2. The difference in serum HCV-RNA concentration between complete and incomplete responders was more significant when measured by bDNA probe assay than by cRT-PCR. Moreover, only 1 of 26 patients with a HCV-RNA concentration of more than 1 x 10(6) eq/ml as measured by bDNA probe assay attained a complete response, while 19 of 28 patients with that of less than 1 x 10(6) eq/ml achieved it. Measurement of serum HCV-RNA concentration by bDNA probe assay was a better predictor of clinical response of IFN alpha therapy than measurement by cRT-PCR.
Improved current saturation and shifted switching threshold voltage in In2O3 nanowire based, fully transparent NMOS inverters via femtosecond laser annealing (2010)

Transistors based on various types of non-silicon nanowires have shown great potential for a variety of applications, especially for those require transparency and low-temperature substrates. However, critical requirements for circuit functionality such as saturated source-drain current, and matched threshold voltages of individual nanowire transistors in a way that is compatible with low temperature substrates, have not been achieved. Here we show that femtosecond laser pulses can anneal individual transistors based on In2O3 nanowires, improve the saturation of the source-drain current, and permanently shift the threshold voltage to the positive direction. We applied this technique and successfully shifted the switching threshold voltages of NMOS based inverters and improved their noise margin, in both depletion and enhancement modes. Our demonstration provides a method to trim the parameters of individual nanowire transistors, and suggests potential for large-scale integration of nanowire-based circuit blocks and systems.
Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Michael Reaction of Aldehydes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A carbamylphosphate synthetase deficiency with no detectable immunoreactive enzyme and no translatable<i>m</i>RNA (1984)

A lethal carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS: EC 6.3.4.16) deficiency (McKusick 23730) was found in a newborn girl; who presented on the second day of life with acute hyperammonaemia, hypotonia, seizures and who died in a coma 6 days after birth. The activity of the mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes, CPS and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC: EC 2.1.3.3) were measured on a needle biopsy sample taken from liver and showed that CPS was 1.4% of the normal mean (0.09 nmol/min/mg protein) whereas OTC activity was normal (110 nmol/min/mg protein). Immunological analysis of the liver sample showed no detectable immunoreactive CPS and confirmed the presence of normal levels of OTC. RNA was extracted from postmortem liver and in vitro translation experiments showed that there was no translatable CPS mRNA and confirmed that no CPS protein was synthesized in this child. The absence of translatable mRNA is explicable in terms of a genetic defect which results in a failure to synthesize mRNA for CPS, or synthesis of a defective form of mRNA which is not translated.
Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor and chylous ascites, a rare association with a poor prognosis. A case report. (2008)

Gastrointestinal carcinoid is a rare tumor. The association of this tumor with chylous ascites is uncommon. A review of the English-language literature carried out in 2002 identified only 15 cases. We report a case of chylous ascites, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor and elevated blood levels of CA-125 in a patient who did not respond to chemotherapy.
Reconstruction of post-synaptic potentials by reverse modeling of local field potentials (2019)

Under these various conditions, results showed that the proposed reverse engineering method provides a reliable estimation of the average excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials originating of the measured LFPs. They also indicated that the method allows for monitoring of the excitation/inhibition ratio. The method has potential for multiple applications in neuroscience, typically when a dynamical tracking of local excitability changes is required.
Automatic discovery of parallelism: a tool and an experiment (extended abstract) (1988)

This paper reports preliminary results from applying advanced techniques to the parallelization of sequential programs. Such techniques include interprocedural analysis and the identification of nested parallelism. These techniques have been proposed for exploiting the greater concurrency offered by multiprocessors as compared with vector architectures. The effectiveness of these techniques as applied to some popular numerical Fortran programs is examined. Although extrapolation is difficult, these preliminary results are encouraging indicators of the success of these techniques.
Si-Ion Implantation Doping in β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>and Its Application to Fabrication of Low-Resistance Ohmic Contacts (2013)

We developed a donor doping technique for β-Ga2O3 by using Si-ion (Si+) implantation. For the implanted Ga2O3 substrates with Si+=1×1019–5×1019 cm-3, a high activation efficiency of above 60% was obtained after annealing in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a relatively low temperature of 900–1000 °C. Annealed Ti/Au electrodes fabricated on the implanted Ga2O3 layers showed ohmic behavior. The Ga2O3 with Si+=5×1019 cm-3 showed the lowest specific contact resistance and resistivity obtained in this work of 4.6×10-6 Ω·cm2 and 1.4 mΩ·cm, respectively.
Clinical, pathological, and genetic analysis of a Korean family with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections carrying a novel Asp26Tyr mutation. (2010)

Non-syndromic familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs), inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in up to 19% of patients, are genetically heterogeneous. The ACTA2 gene, which encodes the vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific isoform of alpha-actin, is known to cause TAADs and occlusive vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and premature ischemic stroke. We have investigated a Korean family with DeBakey type I aortic dissection related to pregnancy and a strong family history of TAADs. All affected family members underwent surgical repair of the ascending aorta. Other clinical features of familial TAAD, including inguinal hernias, iris flocculi, and livedo reticularis, were not observed. Histologic studies of aortic tissues showed medial degeneration and SMC hyperplasia in the aorta, consistent with previous observations. Molecular analyses of the ACTA2 gene showed a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.76G>T; p.Asp26Tyr). Further analysis of a female patient and members of her family revealed that two affected sisters and her asymptomatic son had the same mutation. The novel Asp26Tyr mutation resides in SM alpha-actin subdomain 1 and is linked to TAAD with hypertrophy and disarray of SMCs and severe migraine, but not to livedo reticularis or iris flocculi. This study expands the spectrum of mutations of the ACTA2 gene by identifying a novel missense mutation. This is the first report of a pathologically- and genetically-confirmed family with TAAD in Korea.
Molecular control of compound Exocytosis (2012)

Exocytosis is the process of fusion of a membrane-bound vesicle with the cell membrane and subsequent release of the vesicle content to the outside. It is now widely accepted that SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) proteins are key components in the molecular machinery of exocytosis. SNARE proteins on the vesicle membrane selectively form complexes with specific SNAREs on the cell membrane. In a variant of exocytosis, called compound exocytosis, secretory vesicles still fuse with the cell membrane but vesicle-to-vesicle fusion enhances secretory output. Two types of compound exocytosis occur, either vesicles fuse with each other and then fuse with the cell membrane, or a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and then becomes a target for further vesicles to fuse with it. It is expected that SNAREs are important for vesicle-to-vesicle fusion but the mechanism(s) that control these processes is unknown. In our recent paper (Behrendorff et al. 2011) we provide evidence that VAMP8 (a Q-SNARE) is essential in regulating compound exocytosis. Here we discuss the implications of our findings with reference to a new model for the control of vesicle-to-vesicle fusion.
Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Parameters for Predicting Absolute Rate Constants of Highly Asynchronous 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Aryldiazomethanes (2018)

Kinetics of the reactions of aryldiazomethanes (ArCHN<sub>2</sub>) with benzhydrylium ions (Ar<sub>2</sub>CH<sup>+</sup>) have been measured photometrically in dichloromethane. The resulting second-order rate constants correlate linearly with the electrophilicities E of the benzhydrylium ions which allowed us to use the correlation lg k = s<sub>N</sub>( N + E) (eq 1) for determining the nucleophile-specific parameters N and s<sub>N</sub> of the diazo compounds. UV-vis spectroscopy was analogously employed to measure the rates of the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of these aryldiazomethanes with acceptor-substituted ethylenes of known electrophilicities E. The measured rate constants for the reactions of the diazoalkanes with highly electrophilic Michael acceptors ( E > -11, for example 2-benzylidene Meldrum's acid or 1,1-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene) agreed with those calculated by eq 1 from the one-bond nucleophilicities N and s<sub>N</sub> of the diazo compounds and the one-bond electrophilicities of the dipolarophiles, indicating that the incremental approach of eq 1 may also be applied to predict the rates of highly asynchronous cycloadditions. Weaker electrophiles, e.g., methyl acrylate, react faster than calculated from E, N, and s<sub>N</sub>, and the ratio of experimental to calculated rate constants was suggested to be a measure for the energy of concert Δ G<sup>‡</sup><sub>concert</sub> = RT ln( k<sub>2</sub><sup>exptl</sup>/ k<sub>2</sub><sup>calcd</sup>). Quantum chemical calculations indicated that all products isolated from the reactions of the aryldiazomethanes with acceptor substituted ethylenes (Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolines, cyclopropanes, and substituted ethylenes) arise from intermediate Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrazolines, which are formed through concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with transition states, in which the C-N bond formation lags behind the C-C bond formation. The Gibbs activation energies for these cycloadditions calculated at the PCM(UA0,CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>)/(U)B3LYP-D3/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory agree within 5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> with the experimental numbers showing the suitability of the applied polarizable continuum model (PCM) for considering solvation.
Eliciting Truthful Unverifiable Information (2018)

In many situations, an uninformed agent (UA) needs to elicit information from an informed agent (IA), typically when the latter has some unique expertise or knowledge related to some opportunity available to the UA. In many of those situations, the correctness of the information cannot be verified by the UA, and therefore it is important to guarantee that the information-elicitation mechanism incentivizes the IA to report truthfully. This paper presents and studies several information-elicitation mechanisms that guarantee truthful reporting, differing in the type of costs the IA incurs in producing and delivering the information. We show that with no such costs truthful information elicitation is possible with a positive but arbitrarily small expense for the UA. When information-delivery is costly, truthful information elicitation is possible where the extra expense for the UA (above the unavoidable cost of delivery) is arbitrarily small. Finally, when the information-production is costly, under some realistic condition related to the ratio between the expected gain of the IA from true reporting and the information-production cost, truthful information elicitation is possible where the extra expense for the UA (above the unavoidable cost of production) is arbitrarily small.
Effector and suppressor lymphoid cells in tumor‐bearing guinea‐pigs (1979)

Abstract The immune reaction of guinea‐pigs against their growing tumors was studied. Strain 13 guinea‐pigs were killed 2 weeks after SC implantation of the transplantable methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma (MC‐D), when the tumor was 2–3 cm In diameter. Spleen, lymph‐node, bone‐marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and subsets of spleen cells and PBL were mixed with lethal doses (10 5 ) of tumor cells and inoculated SC into normal recipients. Spleen, lymph‐node and bone‐marrow cells either enhanced or did not influence tumor growth, while PBL exerted a strong inhibitory effect. Normal spleen and normal PBL did not affect tumor growth. The spleen cells of tumor‐bearing animals were separated on nylon wool columns: the first fraction containing T cells was responsible for tumor enhancement, the second fraction containing predominantly non‐T (Ia + ) cells inhibited tumor growth. Adherent cells had no effect. Similarly, after removal of T cells from the spleens with a specific rabbit antiserum or of non‐T cells plus a minor portion of T cells with an anti‐la serum (produced in strain 2 guinea‐pigs), the remaining cell population had, respectively, an inhibitory or an enhancing effect on tumor growth. By contrast, removal of either T or la + cells from PBL eliminated their anti‐tumor effect. The major portion of splenic T cells formed EA rosettes. EA rosette‐positive cells were restricted to a minor portion of peripheral T lymphocytes. Thus, splenic and peripheral T cells from tumor‐bearing animals were different both functionally and according to their surface markers. It is hypothesized that Fc + T cells are suppressors which are triggered by immune complexes.
Annealing Behavior with Thickness Hindered Nucleation in Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductor Thin Films (2019)

We introduce a comprehensive overview of spontaneous and thermal induced structure changes in thin films of the high performance small-molecular organic semiconductor 5,11-bis(triethyl silylethynyl) anthradithiophene (TES-ADT). Most importantly, we find that nucleation of the TES-ADT high temperature β phase can be induced only for films thicker than a critical thickness, while it is hindered for thinner films. The described limited crystal phase nucleation, the circumstances of which are unique in the realm of small-molecule organic semiconductors, is explained in terms of a two step nucleation mechanism while taking into account the anisotropic surface energy of crystal grains. Furthermore, we identify changes in the optical absorption spectra observed during aging of as deposited films with a spontaneous transformation from the amorphous phase to the α2 phase via the α1 phase of TES-ADT. The transformation takes place on the time scale of several days. Finally, we determine temperature dependence of lattice parameters of the α1 and α2 phases and the lattice parameters of the β phase. Thermal expansion of the α1 phase is found to be much lower than that of the α2 phase.