gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instructions for the collection & preservation of neuropterous insects, (1873)

perfect ' BpccimciiB, so strongly marked in many entomologists of the ])resent day, savours more of tlie amateur than of the student; and I confess that, for my part, I would rather have 50 species per fect enough to admit of a correct appreciation of their structure and peculiarities, than 10 so perfect that not a defect exists.I throw out this last opinion not as recommending carelessness of preparation, but as discouraging the craving for cabinet objects instead of materials for study.The student-entomologist should try to believe that " half a loaf is better than no bread," and not despise a specimen because a joint or two of an antenna, or a leg, &c., be missing. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.Before proceeding to consider the different families of Neuroptera in detail, it may he as well to give a few general hints that will apply to all.Nets.-This subject may he dismissed in very few words.An ordinary butterfly ring-net is sufficient for almost every purpose; for colour I prefer white, and for material ordinary book-muslin, though something stronger is sometimes advisable for sweeping.The ring of the net should he of moderately large size to suit it to the capture of Uragon-flies by giving sufficient spread.Pinning and Setting.-Almostall these insects should be pinned * This material'is known in commerce as 'Bass' or 'Piassaba.'Mr. Jackson, of tbe Kew .Museum, informs me that it is the produce of two species of Brazilian plants-Altalea funifera and Leopoldiiiia Piasmba.-11.McL.
Power Generation Through Coal Gasification: An Overview of DOE-Funded Projects (1985)

The U.S. Department of Energy is currently sponsoring a variety of projects aimed at developing advanced systems for power generation using coal gasification as the central conversion process. These systems include both gas turbines and fuel cells as power generating devices and emphasize hot gas cleanup for equipment protection and environmental control from coal contaminants. Gasification projects in the DOE program cover a range of scales from laboratory investigations to PDU scale plants. Fundamental studies of gasification reactions, ash chemistry, transport processes, and modeling are being conducted to uncover potential improvements that may be made to gasification processes and to ways of reducing cleanup burdens on downstream equipment. Several PDU scale projects are being sponsored to further promising processes. Gas stream cleanup emphasize hot control of particulates, sulfur, alkali, and trace species which may damage power generation equipment. A systems approach has been adopted in formulating strategies for these programs. This approach and brief description of projects in gasification and cleanup will be presented.
Design limitations in terahertz quantum cascade lasers caused by thermally activated absorption features (2007)

We present loss characteristics of a terahertz quantum cascade laser based on the bound-to-continuum design. By coupling broadband THz pulses into the laser’s waveguide structure the spectrum of thermally activated absorption features is measured.
Transcortical or intracondylar? Which model is accurate for predicting biomaterial attachment in total joint replacement? (2017)

Abstract Despite four decades of research on material and porous coatings intended for cementless fixation in total joint replacement (TJR), aseptic mechanical loosening unrelated to particulate disease remains a concern. One main question asked is how translational are the animal models used to screen material and porous coatings intended for TJR fixation? Another question is how specific are the translational models at targeting the cementless TJR components that have the highest loosening rates? The hypothesis tested was that the bone response would be different between the two bone types—cortical and cancellous—used in translational animal modeling. The osteoblastic jumping distance (OJD), percent ingrowth, and appositional bone response were measured to assess the response between cancellous and cortical bone at two different anatomical locations, within the same limb. With 500 µm inset, titanium porous coated implants and negative control dinosaur (coprolite) implants were investigated. The data demonstrated that cortical bone had 7 times OJD than cancellous bone. The bone ingrowth data demonstrated 16 times higher bone ingrowth than the cancellous bone. Light microscopy showed predominately fibrous tissue attachment (98%) in cancellous bone. Screening of materials intended for TJR require a translational model predictive of the clinical condition. The results demonstrated that the transcortical model rendered false‐positive data. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 578–588, 2018.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of Stannylcupration of α,β‐Acetylenic Ketones and Esters (2006)

The title reaction has been investigated by experimental and computational (DFT) techniques, and subsequently compared to the corresponding carbocupration reaction, with particular emphasis on the stereoselectivity. For stannylcupration of an ynone substrate, only the anti-addition product is observed, whereas for the corresponding ynoate substrate, the stereoselectivity can be affected by the reaction conditions: in the presence of methanol as proton donor, the initial syn-addition product can be trapped, whereas a syn/anti mixture is obtained in a non-protic solvent. This is in sharp contrast to the carbocupration of the same ynone substrate with a cyanocuprate (RCu(CN)Li), which is highly selective for syn-addition. The product selectivities can be understood from a detailed computational characterization of the reaction paths, and in particular from the relative stabilities of the vinyl cuprate and allenolate intermediates. It is suggested that the stereodetermining step is protonation of vinyl cuprate intermediates.
GPS Tracking Performance under Avalanche Deposited Snow (2006)

The tracking performance of several High Sensitivity Global Positioning System (HSGPS) receivers under avalanche deposited snow was investigated. Two field trials were held during April 2006 in the Canadian Rocky Mountains to study the factors affecting GPS signals and positioning performance. The PLAN Group at the University of Calgary has developed the miniature Global Navigation Asset Tracker (GNAT™) which integrates the SiRFstar IIe/LP or SiRFstar III GPS receivers with a microcontroller, onboard flash storage and a 2.4 GHz Zigbee modem. The test systems were placed entirely down a 6 cm borehole for 2.5 hours with position, velocity, time, status and raw observation data collected at 1 Hz. Post-mission analysis included determining GPS signal attenuation, pseudorange measurement error and availability along with single point position accuracy as they relate to the receivers depth in the snow pack. GPS Signal attenuation of approximately 1.8 dB per metre of snow penetration was measured. Methods of improving the position beneath the avalanche debris were investigated, resulting in horizontal position RMS values of 7.4 m and 2.8 m at snow depths of 2.0 and 2.68 m respectively.
Comparison of repeatability of non‐invasive and invasive urodynamics (2004)

We conclude that the repeatability of the tested non-invasive urodynamic method is comparable to, or slightly better than, that of pressure-flow studies. We further conclude that normalising standard deviations of differences by dividing by the difference between the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile of the mean is a suitable method to compare the repeatability of different methods for clinical measurement.
Response: Endogenous IL-17, tumor growth, and metastasis (2010)

We thank Dr Teng and his colleagues for their comments regarding our recent manuscript. We reported that in the MC38 model, subcutaneous tumor growth and lung colonization were enhanced in interleukin-17 (IL-17)–deficient mice; and was associated with decreased interferon γ+ natural killer cells
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases from Pig Coronary Artery by Benzo‐Separated Analogues of 3‐Isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine. (1986)

Abstract Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (I) und (II) werden, wie im Formelschema skizziert, hergestellt.
Activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide signaling through the prostaglandin E2-EP1/EP2/EP4 receptor pathway in synovium of knee osteoarthritis patients (2016)

PGE2 appears to regulate CGRP/CGRP receptor signaling through the EP receptor in the synovium of knee OA patients.
A descriptive model for the design and implementation of computer systems (1973)

We postulate a general computing model and investigate the design and implementation of systems in the postulated environment. The model is drawn from our interpretation of the writings of John von Newmann 1 and others. Its central concept is an abstraction of the capability of all digital computers to modify cells contents that represent addresses of other cells. We discuss three formulations of the model; namely, a “programming language” formulation using vectors, pointers, and move operators, an “emulator” formulation extending the first formulation to include control structure and execution semantics, and a “mathematical” formulation. The proposed model is specifically intended for the interactive design and implementation of software (and also hardware) computer systems. The completeness and the hierarchial nature of the descriptions based on the model allow those descriptions to serve as simulation models and documentation for the complete system being described or for any well-defined part of the system.
Respiroviruses: Parainfluenza Virus (2010)

1
Introduction

2
Properties of the Viruses

3
Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Infection with Human Parainfluenza Viruses



Keywords:

respiroviruses-parainfluenza virus;
viral entry and membrane fusion;
hemagglutinin-neuraminidase;
viral interference-characterized by resistance of infected cells;
primary transcription and replication;
replication cycle;
nontemplated nucleotide addition;
bronchiolitis
Wide temperature range 0 < T < 85 °C narrow linewidth discrete mode laser diodes for coherent communications applications (2011)

Cost effective lasers meeting the linewidth requirements for coherent communication systems are a key element in reducing the overall cost of future coherent systems. We report on monolithic devices with linewidths as low as 138 kHz which operate in a narrow linewidth, single wavelength mode with high sidemode suppression ratio over a wide temperature tuning range of -10 °C < T < 110 °C. A linewidth variation of only 23 kHz was measured at a constant emitted power of 4 mW as the device temperature is varied in the range 0 °C < T < 85 °C.
Controlling Intramolecular Interactions in the Design of Selective, High-Affinity, Ligands for the CREBBP Bromodomain (2020)

CREBBP (CBP or KAT3A) and its paralogue P300 (also KAT3B) are lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) that are essential for human development. They each comprise ten domains through which they interact with over 400 proteins, making them important transcriptional co-activators, and key nodes in the human protein-protein interactome. The bromodomain of CREBBP and P300 enables binding of acetylated lysine residues from histones, and a number of other important proteins, including p53, p73, E2F and GATA1. Here we report work to develop a high affinity, small molecule, ligand for the CREBBP and P300 bromodomains [(−)-OXFBD05] that shows >100-fold selectivity over the BET bromodomains. Key to the development of (−)-OXFBD05 were fundamental studies on molecular conformation in solution and when bound to the CREBBP bromodomain. In particular, the effect of an intramolecular hydrogen bond on solution state conformation, and use of an amide bioisostere, enabled the development of (−)-OXFBD05. Initial cellular studies using this ligand demonstrate that inhibition of the CREBBP/P300 bromodomain in HCT116 colon cancer cells results in lowered levels of c-Myc, and a modest but repeatable reduction in H3K18 acetylation. In hypoxia (<0.1% O2), inhibition of the CREBBP/P300 bromodomain results in enhanced stabilization of HIF-1α. This presents an opportunity for modulating proteins that are affected by HIF-1α levels, including ACE2, which mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells.
Mixed Convection in Horizontal Porous Layers Heated From Below (1988)

Numerical studies are reported for steady, mixed convection in two-dimensional horizontal porous layers with localized heating from below. The interaction mechanism between the forced flow and the buoyant effects is examined for wide ranges of Rayleigh number Ra* and Peclet number Pe*. The external flow significantly perturbs the buoyancy-induced temperature and flow fields when Pe* is increased beyond unity. For a fixed Peclet number, an increase in Rayleigh number produces multicellular recirculating flows in a domain close to the heat source. This enhances heat transfer by free convection. However, for a fixed Ra*, an increase in forced flow or Peclet number does not necessarily increase the heat transfer rate. Hence, there exists a critical Peclet number as a function of Ra* for which the overall Nusselt number is minimum. The heat transfer is, generally, dominated by the buoyant flows for Pe* < 1 whereas the contribution of free convection is small for Pe* > 10 when Ra* ≤ 10.
Control of a variable-geometry turbocharged and wastegated diesel engine (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of controlling a turbocharged diesel engine so as to minimize NO x and smoke emissions while ensuring that the driver's torque demands are met. A diesel engine equipped with a variable-geometry turbocharger (VGT) and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve is considered. The technical challenges in the control design task include the multivariable non-linear dynamics of the system and the unavailability of key states for feedback. A control strategy based on non-linear control synthesis is developed and shown accurately to control the air-fuel ratio (AFR) and the burned gas fraction in the intake manifold, F 1 , to desired values in the presence of changing operating conditions. The variables F 1 and AFR are shown to be crucial for feedback. Since neither of these variables can be measured, an observer based on flow and pressure sensor measurements is developed for their real-time estimation. Lyapunov theory is used to show that the developed observer is asymptotically stable. Simulation results confirm the performance of the observer and the observer-based feedback controller. The importance of the developed observer extends beyond the application discussed in this paper. It could be useful for a wide variety of different control and diagnostic applications in diesel engines.
Activation of the 9E3/cCAF Chemokine by Phorbol Esters Occurs via Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways That Converge to MEK1/ERK2 and Activate the Elk1 Transcription Factor (1999)

Using primary fibroblasts in culture, we have investigated the signal transduction mechanisms by which phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters, activate the 9E3 gene and its chemokine product the chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor. This gene is highly stimulated by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) via three pathways: (i) a small contribution through protein kinase C (the commonly recognized pathway for these tumor promoters), (ii) a contribution involving tyrosine kinases, and (iii) a larger contribution via pathways that can be interrupted by dexamethasone. All three of these pathways converge into the mitogen-activated protein kinases, MEK1/ERK2. Using a luciferase reporter system, we show that although both the AP-1 and PDRIIkB (a NFkappaB-like factor in chickens) response elements are capable of activation in these normal cells, regions of the 9E3 promoter containing them are unresponsive to PDBu stimulation. In contrast, we show for the first time that activation by PDBu occurs through a segment of the promoter containing Elk1 response elements; deletion and mutation of these elements abrogates 9E3/chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and functional studies using PathDetect systems show that stimulation of the cells by phorbol esters leads to activation of the Elk1 transcription factor, which binds to its element in the 9E3 promoter.
Matrix Methods Analysis of International Space Station Logistics (2008)

The International Space Station (ISS) has served an important role in providing essential experience and know-how for space operations that will benefit future exploration missions. This paper analyzes the logistics of the ISS using matrix based methods. A manifest (M) matrix and flight dependency (D) matrix is created for crew provisions cargo delivered to the ISS over a period of ten years. It is found that the overall Logistics Strategy Index for crew provisions has so far been 0.85 (meaning 85% of the crew provisions cargo is pre-positioned on average for each mission) and that the prepositioning is for up to a maximum of four future missions at a time.
P3‐362: GLP‐1 mimetics improve learning and memory: A link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Type II diabetes (T2DM) has been identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). It has been suggested that a disturbance in the insulin signalling system may play a role in AD. The incretin hormone GLP-1 modulates blood glucose levels and GLP-1 mimetics GLP-1 mimetics are now on the market as a treatment for T2DM, namely Victoza and Byetta. Several studies have shown that GLP-1 has important roles in learning and memory.In this study we investigate the effects of a novel compound (Val8) GLP-1, a GLP-1 receptor agonist and the GLP-1 antagonist Exendin(9-36). We investigate the effects of these compounds have on learning and memory. Further we investigated if these compounds cross the BBB. 36 C57B16 mice where injected for 21 days with (Val8)GLP-1 (25nMol/kg), Exendin (9-36) (25nMol/kg), or saline for 21 days. Learning and memory was assessed using the Morris Watermaze(MWM) and the Novel Object Recognition Task (NOR). Electrophysiology was used to assess the effects on synaptic plasticity and Long Term Potentiation. BrdU immunohistochemistry was used to assess proliferation of progenitor cells in the hippocampus. The RIA was used to investigate if (Val8)GLP-1 & GLP-1 crosses the BBB. Subjects were injected with either 25nMol/kg or 250nMol/kg (Val8)GLP-1 or GLP-1. Glucose and insulin levels where also measured. We found that GLP-1 crosses the BBB. Both doses showed a significant increase of concentrations in the brain (p < 0.05 & p < 0.01). Administration of (Val8) GLP-1 at 25nmol and 250nmol also showed significantly higher levels of GLP-1 when compared to controls (P < 0.05 & P < .01).(Val8) GLP-1 did promote progenitor cells in the hippocampus when compared to controls. We found that (Val8) GLP-1 significantly improved learning and memory in the Novel Object Recognition Task (NOR) (p < 0.01). In the acquisition phase of the MWM the GLP-1 antagonist Exendin (9-36) significantly impaired spatial memory (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.05) when compared to the (Val8) GLP-1 group. In the probe trial (Val8) GLP-1 improved spatial memory when compared to the Exendin (9-36) group (p < 0.01). GLP-1 signalling plays a role in brain functions. GLP-1R agonists cross the BBB, improve cognitive processes, and could ameliorate memory impairments in AD.
Cerebellar contusion associated with Type I Chiari malformation following supratentorial head trauma: Case report (1998)

Acute presentation of Type I Chiari malformation in children is distinctly rare. An 11 year old male suffered a trauma to the right temporal-parietal region in a tobogganing accident resulting in an open depressed skull fracture. Radiographic evaluation included a Computed Tomographic scan which also demonstrated a significant cerebellar contusion and the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the region of craniovertebral junction. Magnetic Resonance imaging revealed an underlying Type I Chiari malformation. Somatosensory evoked responses shortly following the injury demonstrated slowing of conduction across the lower brainstem. The open depressed fracture was debrided and elevated. Subsequent observation resulted in slow improvement in neurological function. A followup somatosensory evoked potential study performed 21 days following the accident showed improvement in conduction across the craniovertebral junction. The tonsillar ectopia associated with Type I Chiari malformation may predispose to cerebellar, upper spinal and brainstem injury following supratentorial trauma.
Hot Surface Ignition and Flame Propagation of Hydrocarbon Air Mixtures (2010)

ICD codes appear to provide a reasonable proxy for DNR orders among hospitalized older adults with heart failure. Further research is necessary to determine if billing codes can identify DNR orders in other populations.
265 NM LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS OF SOME ORTHO‐SUBSTITUTED ANILIDES AND RELATED <i>N</i>‐FORMYLKYNURENINE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract— The physical and chemical properties of the triplet state of eight ortho‐substituted anilides including N ‐formylkynurenine (FK), the major trp UV‐photooxidation product and a remarkable photodynamic agent, have been investigated using both pulse radiolysis and 265 nm laser flash photolysis techniques. The molar extinction coefficient, the intersystem‐crossing quantum yield and the oscillator strength of the T 1 → T n absorption band (Λ max ˜ 450 nm) have been determined. It is shown that anilides having n,π* triplets readily react with most solvents whereas those having π ,π* triplets slowly react with alcohols. In both cases, the semi‐reduced species are formed. In water, the formation of the semi‐reduced. species most probably involves the first excited singlet state. The triplet state properties of the FK derivatives (i.e. ortho‐substituted anilides having a side chain bearing charged groups such as carboxylic or amino groups) are strongly modified by the ionization state of the charged side chain. In the case of the FK derivatives possessing an uncharged amino group, quenching of the triplet state occurs via a fast reversible electron transfer reaction from the NH 2 to the triplet anilide.
Sapphire fiber Bragg grating coupled with graded-index fiber lens (2019)

The graded-index fiber lens was used to couple probe light into the multimode sapphire fiber containing a Bragg grating (SFBG). It improved the spectral resolution of the SFBG and facilitated the packaging of the SFBG as a fiber sensor for applications in high temperature environments.
Two-colour emission in a solid-state laser with a dispersive cavity (2000)

The output characteristics of a two-colour Nd3+:YAG laser with a dispersive cavity, emitting at 1.32 and 1.06 μm, are considered. The enlargement of the region of stable two-colour lasing, due to the reduced competition in the case of spatially separated channels, is demonstrated. The influence of the size of the pumped region on the laser efficiency and the competition between the lasing channels is studied. It is shown that, in the case of a single pump source, the weakening of the competition between the waves is accompanied by a reduction in the laser efficiency. A novel construction of the two-channel laser with two pump sources is proposed, which offers increased stability without the reduction in the efficiency.