gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Architecture for Distributed Content Delivery Network (2007)

Commercial Content Delivery Networks create their own network of servers around the globe to effectively deliver Web content to the end-users. The peering of Content Delivery Networks (CDN) would increase the efficiency of commercial CDNs. But still the high rental rates resulting from huge infrastructure cost make it inaccessible to medium and low profile clients . Academic models of peer-to-peer CDNs aim to reduce the financial cost of content distribution by forming volunteer group of servers around the globe. But their efficiency is at the mercy of the volunteer peers whose commitment is not ensured in their design. We propose a new architecture that will make use of the existing resources of common Internet users in terms of storage space, bandwidth and Internet connectivity to create a Distributed Content Delivery Network (DCDN). The profit pool generated by the infrastructure savings will be shared among the participating nodes (DCDN surrogates) which will function as an incentive for them to support DCDN. Since the system uses the limited computing resources of common internet users, we also propose a suitable load balancing (LB) algorithm so that DCDN surrogates are not burdened with heavy load and requests are fairly assigned to them. Simulations have been carried out and the results show that the proposed architecture (with LB) can offer same or even better performance as that of commercial CDN.
Why Students Withdraw from Initial Teacher Training (2000)

Initial Teacher Training (ITT) in England is experiencing a crisis in recruitment to one-year postgraduate courses of training for specialist subject teaching in secondary schools (post 11 years). Against this background, it is important that those students who are admitted to ITT courses are retained. However, ITT providers are experiencing increased withdrawal rates. This article reports on a small-scale research project focusing on the following: the reasons why students withdraw from courses; how these reasons correlate with the views of schools where students are on teaching practice; and what measures course management could take to reduce the rate of withdrawal.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INTACT AND FREE SPORES OF BACILLUS POPILLIAE DUTKY (1967)

Spores of Bacillus popilliae are enclosed within a large sporangium. In an effort to characterize the spores precisely, a method was developed to free them from their sporangia by sonic vibration. Separation of the free spores from sporangial debris was made by lysozyme treatment, centrifugation, and the Sacks and Alderton aqueous polymer two-phase system. The intact spores are fully refractile; they accept and retain malachite green applied by a modified Wirtz spore-staining technique. The free spores are elongated with rounded ends and measure 1.30–2.25 μ × 0.90–1.40 μ. Outgrowth of intact germinated spores is lowest when heat-activated at 80 °C and highest when heat-activated at 50 °C. Free spores are more heat sensitive than are intact spores, possibly because of damage by the sonic treatment. L-Alanine, adenosine, and glucose separately and in combination do not influence germination of either intact or free spores. Although potassium phosphate somewhat increased germination of intact spores, other salts were ineffective, but almost all salts increased germination of free spores.
Imprinting Technology in Electrochemical Biomimetic Sensors (2017)

Biosensors are a promising tool offering the possibility of low cost and fast analytical screening in point-of-care diagnostics and for on-site detection in the field. Most biosensors in routine use ensure their selectivity/specificity by including natural receptors as biorecognition element. These materials are however too expensive and hard to obtain for every biochemical molecule of interest in environmental and clinical practice. Molecularly imprinted polymers have emerged through time as an alternative to natural antibodies in biosensors. In theory, these materials are stable and robust, presenting much higher capacity to resist to harsher conditions of pH, temperature, pressure or organic solvents. In addition, these synthetic materials are much cheaper than their natural counterparts while offering equivalent affinity and sensitivity in the molecular recognition of the target analyte. Imprinting technology and biosensors have met quite recently, relying mostly on electrochemical detection and enabling a direct reading of different analytes, while promoting significant advances in various fields of use. Thus, this review encompasses such developments and describes a general overview for building promising biomimetic materials as biorecognition elements in electrochemical sensors. It includes different molecular imprinting strategies such as the choice of polymer material, imprinting methodology and assembly on the transduction platform. Their interface with the most recent nanostructured supports acting as standard conductive materials within electrochemical biomimetic sensors is pointed out.
Normal and Defective Colour Vision (2003)

Abstract The topic of colour vision is one that integrates research from psychology, neuroscience, biology, ophthalmology, physics, and genetics. How do we make sense of colour in the world, and how has such an ability evolved in humans? How are colours discriminated by the retina, and how does the brain interpret chromatic information? How can our genes influence the way in which we perceive colours? Why do some people have problems perceiving colours, and what occupational difficulties may they face? In what ways is colour vision altered by disease or toxins? The editors of this book have brought together a list of contributors to provide an interdisciplinary review on the perception of colour. An historical introduction marks the bicentennial of Thomas Young's trichromatic theory and provides a background to the topic of colour vision.
Evaluate the effect of LLT on performance and QoS network (2012)

There are many algorithms to increase the QoS of mobile networks thanks to an underlying mobility prediction.This paper aims how the accuracy of the prediction method can influence the network QoS. It shows that the mobiles behavior must be adapted according to the prediction scheme accuracy in order to achieve good performance and good QoS in network. The quick development of wireless networks brings new challenges to the network community. In particular, it is commonly admitted that those networks next generations should provide new kinds of services requiring a high QoS. Keyword: QoS, Mobility Prediction, Performance.
A digital implementation of IEC 61000-4-15 flickermeter (2015)

This paper presents a digital implementation of a DSP-based digital IEC 61000-4-15 flickermeter. According to the functions and design criteria suggested by IEC, a digital model of the flickermeter is developed and simulated by using Matlab and Code Composer Studio. Then, the developed flickermeter function is applied to perform a series of tests based on IEC Standard 61000-4-15 test procedures to validate its effectiveness. Test results based on the proposed method show that the accuracy meets the requirements of IEC standard.
A Clinical Review of Ischemic Rowel Disease (1997)

Objective: Despite increased awareness of the fatality of mesenteric ischemia, the diagnosis seldom is made prior to the onset of gangrene. The multiplicity of etiologic factors, the many varied presentations, and splanchnic vasoconstriction all affect the extent of ischemic injury, adding to the complexity of the clinical problem. Extensive acute processes are still catastrophic illnesses with a high mrotality, but there is a potential for both better diagnisis and therapy with an improved outcome. Discussion of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this entity will be presented. Methods: A Retrospective review of our experience with ischemic bowel disease was made. Ten consecutive clinical cases admitted in ChungNam National University Hospital from October 1990 to April 1994 were observed. Results: 1) We experienced 5 patients with arterial embolic occlusion, 1 patient with venous thrombosis and 4 patients with colonic ischemia. 2) The peak ages were 6th decade and 8th decade. 3) The major clincal symptoms and signs were abdominal pain (100%), abdominal tenderness (70%), melena (70%), nausea (60%), fever (50%), vomiting (40%) and abdominal distension (30%). 4) On laboratory findings, there were leukocytosis (80%) and thrombocytopenia (20%) 5) In plain film, there were ileus (70%), edematous intestinal wall (50%), mucosal edema (30%), thumb printing (10%) and gasless abdomen (10%). Among the 5 cases performed abdominal CT, there were thickening of intestinal wall in 4 cases, narrowing of intestinal lumen in 2 case and ascites in 3 cases. 6) Bowel resections were perfomed in 7 cases and supportive care was performed in 3 cases. 7) The overall mortality rate was 30%, Conclusion: An oggressive approach in patients suspected of having ischemic bowel is indicated if the diagnosis is to be made before necrosis has occurred. A high index of suspicion, early angiography, correction of the underlying cardiac disease, treatment of splanchnic vasoconstriction, surgical revascularization, and resection of gangrenous bowel are necessery if there is to be a significant reduction in the high mortality rates associated with mesenteric ischemia.
Synchrotron radiation: Micrometer‐sized x‐ray beams as fine tools for macromolecular crystallography (2008)

Structural data play a central role in understanding biological function at the molecular level. At present, the majority of high-resolution structural data about biological macromolecules and their complexes originates from crystallography. In crystal structure determination, the major hurdle to overcome is the production of crystals of sufficient size and quality. High-flux x-ray beams with diameters of a few micrometers or less help to alleviate this problem as small beams allow the use of small crystals or scanning of large crystals for regions of acceptable diffraction. Using sophisticated x-ray optics and mechanics with submicrometer precision, Riekel et al.[Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr., 64, 158-166 (2008)], have recently demonstrated that an x-ray beam of 1 mum can be used to determine the crystal structure of a protein to a resolution of 1.5 A. The smallest volume from which usable diffraction data were collected amounted to 20 mum(3), corresponding to not more than 2x10(8) unit cells. In a diffraction volume of micrometer dimensions, radiation damage is expected to be reduced with respect to large volumes as a significant fraction of the photoelectrons produced by the incident radiation escapes from the diffracting volume before dissipating their energy. The possibility to make use of small andor inhomogeneous crystals in combination with a possible reduction in radiation damage due to size effects has the potential to make many more systems amenable to crystal structure analysis.
A weight method of decoding the (23, 12, 7) Golay code using reduced table lookup (2008)

In this paper, a weight method with using a reduced lookup table is developed to decode the three possible errors in (23, 12, 7) Golay code. The reduced lookup table consists of syndrome patterns and corresponding error patterns which only have one and two errors occurred in the message block of the received codeword. The useful proposed algorithm makes use of the properties of cyclic codes, weight of syndrome, and reduced lookup table. It often results in a significant reduction in the memory requirements comparing to the traditional lookup table. This weight algorithm together with a reduced table lookup makes a fast and low complexity of the table lookup decoding algorithm. Moreover, a computer simulation shows that such a novel method is a much faster algorithm in software than the traditional full lookup table searching algorithm.
Dimensionality reduction and early event detection using online synchrophasor data (2013)

This paper proposes a novel approach to utilizing large online synchrophasor data for early event detection in power systems. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), a linear basis of the massive online phasor measurement unit (PMU) data can be extracted to reduce the dimensionality. Using the linear basis with much reduced dimensionality, an early event detection algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is capable of predicting the changes of system operating conditions by comparing the error between PCA-projected and actual values from a few selected locations. Numerical case studies based on both PSS/E simulation and actual PMU data from Electric Reliability Council of Texas are conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of this algorithm.
Regulated Proteolysis of RAGE and AβPP as Possible Link Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

Epidemiological studies have linked type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). In T2DM, the elevated blood glucose level promotes formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is a type I membrane-protein and is also able to import amyloid-beta (Abeta) from the blood across the blood-brain-barrier into the brain. Oligomeric Abeta peptides disturb synaptic function in the brain and are believed to contribute to the development of AD. Abeta peptides are released from the amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) after sequential proteolysis by beta- and gamma-secretases but alpha-secretase-mediated cleavage of AbetaPP prevents Abeta generation. Insulin influences Abeta production by modulating alpha-secretase activity and Abeta degradation. Recent publications demonstrate that RAGE is subjected to protein ectodomain shedding. Proteolysis of RAGE occurs constitutively and is inducible by activation of protein kinase C. Alpha-secretase-like enzymes release the ligand binding domain of RAGE from the cell surface and after that gamma-secretase processes the membrane-remaining part of RAGE. Proteolysis of RAGE may represent a regulatory mechanism in RAGE signal transduction and in addition may prevent Abeta peptide transport across the blood-brain-barrier. Current data suggest that the sequential proteolysis of RAGE is homologous to AbetaPP processing.
TOWARD A QUANTIFICATION OF SELF-SIMILARITY IN PLANTS (2005)

Self-similarity of plants has attracted the attention of biologists for at least 50 years, yet its formal treatment is rare, and no measure for quantifying the degree of self-similarity currently exists. We propose a formal definition and measures of self-similarity, tailored to branching plant structures. To evaluate self-similarity, we make use of an algorithm for computing topological distances between branching systems, developed in computer science. The formalism is illustrated using theoretical branching systems, and applied to analyze self-similarity in two sample plant structures: inflorescences of Syringa vulgaris (lilac) and shoots of Oryza sativa (rice).
Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals (2012)

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of neural circuits underlying a variety of natural behaviors, including navigation1 , decision making 2,3, and the generation of complex motor sequences4,5,6. Advances in precision machining has allowed for the fabrication of light-weight devices suitable for chronic recordings in small animals, such as mice and songbirds. The ability to adjust the electrode position with small remotely controlled motors has further increased the recording yield in various behavioral contexts by reducing animal handling.6,7 Here we describe a protocol to build an ultra-light motorized microdrive for long-term chronic recordings in small animals. Our design evolved from an earlier published version7, and has been adapted for ease-of use and cost-effectiveness to be more practical and accessible to a wide array of researchers. This proven design 8,9,10,11 allows for fine, remote positioning of electrodes over a range of ~ 5 mm and weighs less than 750 mg when fully assembled. We present the complete protocol for how to build and assemble these drives, including 3D CAD drawings for all custom microdrive components.
Converted shear waves as seen by ocean bottom seismometers and surface buoys (1977)

abstract It is found that ocean bottom seismometers (O.B.S.) deployed in sedimented areas produce markedly different seismograms from surface hydrophones. These differences are found to be due to ringing on the O.B.S. records produced by converted shear waves trapped in the sediment layer. These shear waves do not propagate into the water and hence the hydrophone record is much “cleaner” than the O.B.S. record. It is also shown that the presence of refracted shear waves like P-S-P and P-S-S may be related to the presence of a sedimentary layer in some areas. It is suggested that the disappearance of refracted S waves in some areas without sediment is related to high attenuation and/or very low shear velocities caused by cracks and inhomogeneities in the crust. Under sedimented areas the cracks may be sufficiently filled so as to substantially reduce the attenuation and/or increase the bulk shear velocity.
Nanostructured carbons from cellulose-derivative-based aerogels for electrochemical energy storage and conversion : evaluation as EDLC electrode material (2010)

Les carbones nanostructurés sont très largement utilisés dans les systèmes de stockage et conversion d'énergie par voie électrochimique, par exemple en tant que matériau d'électrode de pile à combustible et de batterie ou encore de supercondensateur. La structure du carbone ainsi que sa chimie de surface sont des paramètres primordiaux et doivent être adaptés aux différentes spécificités de chacune de ces applications. Dans ce cadre général, cette thèse a pour but de développer une nouvelle famille de carbones nanostructurés, les aérogels de carbone cellulosiques. Ces derniers sont obtenus par pyrolyse d'aérogels organiques élaborés à partir d'acétate de cellulose. Pour ce faire, nous avons fait varier les paramètres de synthèse sol-gel ainsi que les conditions de séchage et de pyrolyse (principalement la composition du sol, la nature du catalyseur, la température et l'atmosphère de pyrolyse) afin de générer une vaste palette de structures. Dans un second temps, ces aérogels ont subi différents post-traitements visant à modifier leur chimie de surface et ce, par introduction de groupements fonctionnels oxygénés et azotés. Finalement, les Performances de ces nouveaux aérogels de carbone ont été analysées sous la forme de matériaux d'électrode de supercondensateur.
CRC Handbook of Applied Thermodynamics (1987)

This practical handbook features an overview of the importance of physical properties and thermodynamics; and the use of thermo-dynamics to predict the extent of reaction in proposed new chem-ical combinations. The use of special types of data and pre-diction methods to develop flowsheets for probing projects; and sources of critically evaluated data, dividing the published works into three categories depending on quality are given. Methods of doing one's own critical evaluation of literature, a list of known North American contract experimentalists with the types of data mea-sured by each, methods for measuring equilibrium data, and ther-modynamic concepts to carry out process opti-mization are also featured.
WHY DOES DRY EYE AFFECT INFERIOR CORNEA MORE THAN SUPERIOR CORNEA? (2002)

Sunday, December 15, 2002: San Diego Convention Center: Room 11 A-B: Cornea and Contact Lenses Lectures: PDF Only
Scattered Data Techniques for Surfaces (1997)

This survey presents several techniques for solving variants of the following scattered data interpolation problem: given a finite set of N points in R3, find a surface that interpolates the given set of points. Problems of this variety arise in numerous areas of applications such as geometric modeling and scientific visualization. A large class of solutions exists for these problems and many excellent surveys exist as well.The focus of this survey is on presenting techniques that are relatively recent. Some discussion of two popular variants of the scattered data interpolation problem -- trivariate (or volumetric) case and surface-on-surface -- is also included.Solutions are classified into one of the five categories: piecewise polynomial or rational parametric solutions, algebraic solutions, radial basis function methods, Shepard's methods and subdivision surfaces. Discussion on parametric solutions includes global interpolation by a single polynomial, interpolants based on data dependent triangulations, piecewise linear solutions such as alpha-shapes, and interpolants on irregular mesh.Algebraic interpolants based on cubic A-patches are described. Interpolants based on radial basis functions include Hardy's multiquadrics, inverse multiquadrics and thin plate splines. Techniques for blending local solutions and natural neighbor interpolants are described as variations of Shepard's methods. Subdivision techniques include Catmull-Clark subdivision technique and its variants and extensions. A brief discussion on surface interrogation techniques and visualization techniques is also included.
Contraceptive efficacy of Depot Provera jet-injected into the cervix. (1991)

Depot-medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) was jet deposited into the uterus/cervix of rats, rabbits and rhesus monkeys with the help of a modified jet injection apparatus. Since the drug was delivered under pressure, it was distributed deep into the muscular layers around the place of deposition. After one deposition the drug acted as an effective contraceptive for a period of three months. The merits of this delivery technique are discussed.
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV AND AMINOPEPTIDASE IN BURN WOUND EXUDATES (1994)

Two catalytically active proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and aminopeptidase (AP), not previously reported as present in burn wound exudates, have been identified by substrate specificity and susceptibility to known enzyme inhibitors. The ratio of the two enzymes in exudates is significantly different from the ratio in plasma collected from the same patient during the same time interval, suggesting that measurement of exudate components may be more significant than plasma activities in evaluating local conditions in the wound. A number of biologically significant substances are DP IV substrates, and the list can be considerably extended by the sequential action of AP and DP IV. Some polypeptides are converted to their biologically active form by DP IV action, while others are degraded to inactive forms. Either action generates X-Pro dipeptides, which have a demonstrably beneficial effect on wound healing. Although not resolved by molecular sizing or anion exchange chromatography, DP IV and AP in a burn wound exudate were purified by affinity chromatography.
Über die Zersetzung organischer Hydroperoxide in Gegenwart von Basen (1968)

Abstract Bei den meisten sekundären Hydroperoxiden verläuft die Zersetzung in Gegenwart von Basen nicht einheitlich, neben Ketonen entstehen auch die entsprechenden Alkohole. Die Zersetzung sekundärer und tertiärer Hydroperoxide wird durch Basen beschleunigt; die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten sind sehr schlecht reproduzierbar, und sie werden durch Zusatz von Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure stark herabgesetzt. Offenbar verläuft die Hydroperoxidzersetzung in Gegenwart von Basen meist nach einem radikalischen Mechanismus, wobei Spuren von Schwermetallionen als Katalysator wirken, während die Basen nur Cokatalysatoren sind. Abweichend vom allgemeinen Fall läßt sich bei Tetralin‐ und Äthylbenzolhydroperoxid eine ionoide Zersetzung nach einem E2‐Mechanismus nachweisen. Für die durch Natronlauge katalysierte Zersetzung von α‐deuteriertem Tetralinhydroperoxid wurde ein kinetischer Isotopieefekt k H :k D = 3,9 gefunden.