gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mutation associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease enhances the formation of stable dynamin 2 complexes in cells (2021)

Abstract Mutations in dynamin 2 (DNM2) have been associated with two distinct motor disorders, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies (CMT) and centronuclear myopathy (CNM). The majority of these mutations are clustered in the pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) which engage in intramolecular interactions that suppress dynamin self-assembly and GTPase activation. CNM mutations in the PHD interferes with these intramolecular interactions, thereby blocking the formation of the auto-inhibited state. CMT mutations are located primarily on the opposite surface of the PHD, which is specialized for lipid PIP2 binding. It has been speculated that the distinct locations and interactions of residues mutated in CMT and CNM explain why each set of mutations cause either one disease or the other, despite their close proximity within the PHD sequence. We show that at least one CMT-causing mutant, lacking residues 555 DEE 557 (ΔDEE), displays this inability to undergo auto-inhibition as observed in CNM-linked mutants. This ΔDEE deletion mutant induces the formation of abnormally large cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those observed for CNM-linked mutant R369W. We also found substantially reduced migration from the membrane of the ΔDEE deletion mutant. These findings call into question the molecular mechanism currently believed to underlie the absence of pathogenic overlap between DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM.
Copper oxide nanowires: a review of growth (2012)

Cuprous oxide (Cu(2)O) and cupric oxide (CuO) nanowires have started playing important roles in energy conversion devices and optoelectronic devices. Although the desired advanced properties have been demonstrated, these materials cannot yet be produced in large-bulk quantities in order to bridge the technological transfer gap for wider use. In this respect, the quest for the most efficient synthesis process which yields not only large quantities but also high quality and advanced material properties continues. This paper gives an extensive review of copper oxide nanowire (NW) synthesis by all methods and routes by which various researchers have obtained their nanomaterial. These methods are critically overviewed, evaluated and compared. Methods of copper oxide NW growth include wet-chemical methods based on pure solution growth, electrochemical and hydrothermal routes as well as thermal and plasma oxidation methods. In terms of advanced nanowire synthesis, the fast thermal method or direct plasma oxidation as well as the combined hybrid wet-chemical method in which copper hydroxide NWs are produced and sequentially transformed by plasma oxidation which produces Cu(2)O NWs are seen as the most promising methods to explore in the near future. These methods not only yield large quantities of NWs, but produce high quality material with advanced properties.
Développement de matériaux composites à base de graphène pour des applications en stockage électrochimique (2018)

The expectations around graphene come from huge potentialities for various applications (RF transistor, (bio)sensors…). Graphene high specific surface, mechanical resistance and conductivity make it specifically attractive for electrochemical storage applications. It has been shown that graphene sheets could be assembled to form structured graphene frameworks to translate the properties of individual sheets to functional materials and allow practical applications. The key features of these frameworks in terms of electrochemical storage applications are their graphitization level, their structural or textural disorder, and their porosity. On another hand, graphene has been interfaced with molecules to tune its electrical/optical properties or to make it more processable. The goal of the PhD project is to develop such structured graphene matrices following different methods such as the functionalization with bi-functional pilar molecules or the aerogel formation techniques. These assemblies will then be modified with different molecules to favor the formation of a stable SEI (solid electrolyte interface) and the intercalation of ions. The immobilization of redox compounds will also be attempted in order to bring a pseudo capacitive component to the system and target pseudo-capacitor applications. This thesis work will include material synthesis, assembling and functionalization steps combined to an important characterization tasks (IR, XRD, XPS, MEB, TEM, BET, electrochemistry...) The added-value of such work is that it represents an approach going from the basic material develop to the proof of concept.
Robust speech recognition training via duration and spectral-based stress token generation (1995)

It is known that speech recognition performance degrades if systems are not trained and tested under similar speaking conditions. This is particularly true if a speaker is exposed to demanding workload stress or noise. For recognition systems to be successful in applications susceptible to stress, speech recognizers should address the adverse conditions experienced by the user. The authors consider the problem of improved recognition training for speech recognition for various stressed speaking conditions (e.g., slow, loud, and Lombard effect speaking styles). The main objective is to devise a training procedure that produces a hidden Markov model recognizer that better characterizes a given stressed speaking style, without the need for directly collecting such stressed data. The novel approach is to construct a word production model using a previously suggested source generator framework [Hansen 1994], by employing knowledge of the statistical nature of duration and spectral variation of speech under stress. This model is used in turn to produce simulated stressed speech training tokens from neutral speech tokens. The token generation training method is shown to improve isolated word recognition by 24% for Lombard speech when compared to a neutral trained isolated word recognizer. Further results are reported for isolated and keyword recognition scenarios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CORRESPONDENCE. THE REDUCTION OF CARRYING CAPACITY OF PIPES WITH AGE. (1938)

Keywords REDUCTION, CARRYING, CAPACITY, PIPES, AGE, THEORY, AGING, AGEING, WATER, MAINS, LIFE, SLIME, SIPHONS, AQUEDUCTS, FORMULAE, EQUATIONS, MATHEMATICS... Show All
The adipose conversion process: regulation by extracellular and intracellular factors (2000)

White adipose tissue regulates lipid metabolism and acts as a secretory organ. Because of its importance for human health and animal production, many studies have attempted to better understand its development at the cellular and molecular levels by culturing preadipose cells in vitro. This synthesis article describes our current knowledge, acquired by this approach, concerning the regulation of the different steps of the adipocyte differentiation program by extracellular (hormones, cytokines, growth factors, retinoids and fatty acids) and intracellular agents (second messengers and transcription factors). The discrepant effects that have been observed for some of these factors are also discussed. This information is very important in the perspective of a better control of fat deposits in human and breeding species.
Soil Potassium‐Moisture Relations: I. Potassium Release Observed on Drying Iowa Soils With Added Salts or HCl (1957)

Abstract Increments of salts or HCl were added to field‐moist samples of selected Iowa soils. The soils were then dried and extracted with neutral 1 N NH 4 Ac to determine the K released under these conditions. When no salt or HCl was added, there was a continuous increase in K release when the moist soils were first dried at room temperature and then at progressively higher temperatures. The release of K at elevated temperatures appears to be part of the same extractable K‐moisture relationship that has been observed when soils are airdried. Soils that normally released K on drying showed a continuous net fixation of K on drying when enough KCl was added to the moist soil. When lesser amounts of KCl were added both fixation and release were observed in the same drying sequence. The release of K was reduced when NH 4 Cl, NaCl, or HCl was added to the soil prior to drying. The NH 4 Cl additions were particularly effective. CaCl 2 additions had little or no effect on the K released by drying.
Decision making in engineering and business: a cost-effective approach (2002)

A critical issue in all real life decision-making problems, is the effective estimation of the pertinent data. Often data are difficult to estimate with accuracy, or too dynamic to allow for a timely estimation. This is the case with most of the environmental, resource management, maintenance, economic, agricultural, and manufacturing problems, especially in the United States. If the input data are not correct, then the decision making process may cause a problem more severe than the one which it intended to solve. In this paper we propose an approach for a cost-effective estimation of the pertinent data. This approach is based on a sequence of successive sensitivity analyses.
Dithering for Floating-Point Number Representation (2005)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignancies worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA-binding site on gene transcripts are reported to play important role in increased risk of CRC in different population. We performed a case-control study using 88 CRC patients and 88 non-cancer counterparts to evaluate the association between NOD2 rs3135500 polymorphism located at 3' untranslated region of the gene and risk of sporadic CRC. Genotyping of rs3135500 polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. We found a significant association of AA genotype with risk of CRC (adjusted OR 3.100, CI 1.621-5.930, p < 0.001). Also, significant difference in physical activity (p = 0.001) between case and control groups was found. We also found that individuals in control group were more aspirin or NSAID user compared to sporadic CRC cases (p = 0.002). In the case group, individuals with GG genotype consumed more aspirin or NSAID compared with AA+AG genotypes (33.3 vs. 9.6 %, adjusted OR 4.71, CI 1.25-17.76, p = 0.02). However, in the control group, individuals with AA+AG genotypes used more aspirin or NSAID compared with GG genotypes (47.2 vs. 11.4 %, adjusted OR 14 %, CI 0.05-0.47, p < 0.001).
mCrowd (2009)

Crowdsourcing is a new paradigm for utilizing the power of "crowds" of people to facilitate large scale tasks that are costly or time consuming with traditional methods. Crowdsourcing has enormous potential that can be truly unleashed when extended to sensor-rich mobile devices, such as smart phones. In this paper, we demonstrate mCrowd, an iPhone based mobile crowdsourcing platform that enables mobile users to post and work on sensor-related crowdsourcing tasks. mCrowd enables mobile users to fully utilize the rich sensors equipped with iPhone to participate and accomplish crowdsourcing tasks at fingertips, including geolocation-aware image collection, image tagging, road traffic monitoring, and others.
Spatial Prediction of Habitat Overlap of Introduced and Native Thistles to Identify Potential Areas of Nontarget Activity of Biological Control Agents (2010)

Nontarget feeding of Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich and Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) on native North American thistles in the genus Cirsium has been documented. Some species of these native thistles have shown greater infestation levels of R. conicus in populations that are in close proximity to the target plant species, Carduus nutans L. In 2005 a study was initiated to identify areas of potential nontarget feeding by R. conicus and T. horridus on thistle species by predicting habitats of two known introduced hosts [C. nutans and Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore] and two native species [Cirsium carolinianum (Walter) Fernald and Schubert and C. discolor (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Sprengel] using Mahalanobis distance (D(2)). Cumulative frequency graphs showed that the D(2) models for all four plant species effectively identified site conditions that contribute to the presence of the respective species. Poisson regression showed an association between D(2) values and plant counts at field-test sites for C. nutans and C. carolinianum. However, negative binomial regression detected no association between D(2) values and plant counts for C. discolor or C. vulgare. Chi-square analysis indicated associations between both weevil species and sites where C. vulgare and Carduus nutans were found, but not between the weevil and native thistle species. Habitats of C. nutans and Cirsium carolinianum overlapped in ≈12% of the study area. Data-based habitat models may provide a powerful tool for land managers and scientists to monitor native plant populations for nontarget feeding by introduced biological control agents.
Evaluation of Two Internalizing Carcinoembryonic Antigen Reporter Genes for Molecular Imaging (2010)

The in vivo imaging studies suggest a potential application of the internalizing form of CEA (N-A3) as a PET reporter gene.
Coal Combustion Science quarterly progress report, October--December 1988 (1989)

The objective of this activity is to support the Office of Fossil Energy in executing research on coal combustion science. Specific research for this activity include: coal devolatilization, coal char combustion, and fate of mineral matter during coal combustion. Individual projects are processed separately for the data bases.
SEDIMENT BUDGET PRINCIPALS AND APPLICATIONS (1996)

The framework of sediment budget concepts provides a formalized procedureto account for the various components of sediment flux and the changes ofvolume that occur within a given region. Sediment budget methodology can beuseful in a number of coastal engineering and research applications,including: inferring the amount of onshore sediment transport for a nearshoresystem that contains an "excess of sediment", determining sediment deficits todowndrift beaches as a result of engineering works at navigational entrances,evaluating the performance of a beach nourishment project, inferring thedistribution of longshore sediment transport across the surf zone, etc.This chapter reviews briefly the governing equations for sediment budgetcalculations, considers various measurement and other bases for determiningthe sediment flux components necessary to apply the sediment budget conceptand finally for illustration purposes, applies the sediment budget concept toseveral examples. (PDF contains 52 pages.)
Production of electromagnetic fields in a nonequilibrium plasma created by a pulse of ionizing radiation (1992)

The generation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves is considered in connection with the propagation of a short pulse of ionizing radiation through matter. The radiation is due to the anisotrophy of the electron distribution resulting from ionization and the subsequent instability of the electron distribution. Estimates are made of the growth rate and the electromagnetic wave intensity, and the restrictions on the parameters of the material and the exciting radiation are found under which the process of generation is most efficient. It is shown that the presence of a constant magnetic field affects the instability and the magnitude of the radiated power. 14 refs., 3 figs.
Ionization Behavior of Chitosan and Chitosan–DNA Polyplexes Indicate That Chitosan Has a Similar Capability to Induce a Proton-Sponge Effect as PEI (2013)

Polycations having a high buffering capacity in the endosomal pH range, such as polyethylenimine (PEI), are known to be efficient at delivering nucleic acids by overcoming lysosomal sequestration possibly through the proton sponge effect, although other mechanisms such as membrane disruption arising from an interaction between the polycation and the endosome/lysosome membrane, have been proposed. Chitosan is an efficient delivery vehicle for nucleic acids, yet its buffering capacity has been thought to be significantly lower than that of PEI, suggesting that the molecular mechanism responsible for endolysosomal escape was not proton sponge based. However, previous comparisons of PEI and chitosan buffering capacity were performed on a mass concentration basis instead of a charge concentration basis, the latter being the most relevant comparison basis because polycation-DNA complexes form at ratios of charge groups (amine to phosphate), rather than according to mass. We hypothesized that chitosan has a high buffering capacity when compared to PEI on a molar basis and could therefore possibly mediate endolysosomal release through the proton sponge effect. In this study, we examined the ionization behavior of chitosan and chitosan-DNA complexes and compared to that of PEI and polylysine on a charge concentration basis. A mean field theory based on the use of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and an Ising model were also applied to model ionization behavior of chitosan and PEI, respectively. We found that chitosan has a higher buffering capacity than PEI in the endolysosomal pH range, while the formation of chitosan-DNA complexes reduces chitosan buffering capacity because of the negative electrostatic environment of nucleic acids that facilitates chitosan ionization. These data suggest that chitosans have a similar capacity as PEI to mediate endosomal escape through the proton sponge effect, possibly in a manner which depends on the presence of excess chitosan.
Dose—Response Relationship of Isoflurane and Halothane versus Coronary Perfusion Pressures Effects on Flow Redistribution in a Collateralized Chronic Swine Model (1992)

The authors studied the redistribution of myocardial blood flow in a collateral-dependent (CD) zone as a function of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during isoflurane and halothane anesthesia. A swine model with CD myocardium distal to a chronically occluded left anterior descending coronary artery was developed and studied. Sixteen piglets were allowed to grow for 8-10 weeks after banding of the left anterior descending coronary artery. They were randomly anesthetized with either isoflurane (n = 8) or halothane (n = 8) as the sole anesthetic, which was used to regulate specific CPP. The resultant regional myocardial blood flows were measured using radiolabeled microspheres. Four randomly allocated CPPs, of 30, 40, 45, and 55 mmHg, were studied in each animal. Four additional collateralized animals were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, and the same CPPs were obtained using an intravenous adenosine infusion (1-5 microM kg-1) to validate this model. There was a proportional decrease in heart rate and blood pressure in both the isoflurane and and the halothane group with CPP. Cardiac output was significantly decreased in the halothane group at 30 mmHg when compared to 55-mmHg CPP, but it was maintained in the isoflurane group. Systemic vascular resistance was significantly lower in the isoflurane group at 30 and 40 mmHg when compared to 55-mmHg CPP. Both the isoflurane and the halothane group showed a proportional and significant decrease in endo-, mid-, and epicardial blood flows at 30-mmHg CPP when compared to baseline. In both CD and normal perfusion zones, isoflurane consistently sustained a higher endocardial blood flow than halothane (5.7-41.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dissipation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Inferred from Seagliders: An Application to the Eastern Nordic Seas Overflows (2012)

Abstract Turbulent mixing is an important process controlling the descent rate, water mass modification, and volume transport augmentation due to entrainment in the dense overflows across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge. These overflows, along with entrained Atlantic waters, form a major portion of the North Atlantic Deep Water, which pervades the abyssal ocean. Three years of Seaglider observations of the overflows across the eastern Greenland–Scotland Ridge are leveraged to map the distribution of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy on the Iceland–Faroe Ridge. A method has been applied using the finescale vertical velocity and density measurements from the glider to infer dissipation. The method, termed the large-eddy method (LEM), is compared with a microstructure survey of the Faroe Bank Channel (FBC). The LEM reproduces the patterns of dissipation observed in the microstructure survey, which vary over several orders of magnitude. Agreement between the inferred LEM and more direct microstructure measurements is within a factor of 2. Application to the 9432 dives that encountered overflow waters on the Iceland–Faroe Ridge reveals three regions of enhanced dissipation: one downstream of the primary FBC sill, another downstream of the secondary FBC sill, and a final region in a narrow jet of overflow along the Iceland shelf break.
VSP Stabilization of Lumbar Neoplasms (1991)

Variable screw placement (VSP) plates and pedicle screw fixation were used to stabilize eleven lumbar neoplasms. Blood loss and complications were comparable to other methods of posterior segmental fixation, although operative times were longer. Fewer levels were fused than for systems using sublaminar hooks or wires, with 8/11 patients treated with two level fixation. Four preoperatively irradiated patients experienced 43% of all complications and had 70% of the major complications. Wound infections occurred in 18%, vascular injuries in 18%, and transient neurologic deficits in 36% of our patients. Clinical pseudoarthroses developed in two patients, and tumor progression produced late instability in two patients with renal carcinoma. Thecal compression and late collapse led to therapeutic failure in four patients in 12-18 months. Fixation failure occurred in four patients, resulting from loosening of the plate on the screws in three patients, and breakage of a screw in one. Failure to adequately address anterior column disease was the primary cause of treatment failure in these patients. Proper seating of the plate on the pedicle screws is, likewise, crucial to construct stability and longevity. VSP instrumentation provides rigid fixation and allows more extensive tumor resection than traditional systems, while sparing vertebral motion segments. However, failure to address key technical and biomechanical principles may lead to serious complications.