gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P4-07-11: Circulating Tumor Cells after Neoadjuvant Therapy Predict Outcome in Stage I to III Breast Cancer. (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predict outcome in metastatic breast cancer, but their significance is unclear in non-metastatic patients. Furthermore, it is unclear if the presence of CTCs after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) predicts worse outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if CTCs after NACT predicts worse outcome. Methods: Clinical stage I-III breast cancer patients seen at a single tertiary cancer center provided informed consent to participate in an IRB-approved study involving collection of blood (7.5 ml x 2 tubes) at the time of surgery for their primary breast cancer. CTCs were detected using the Cell SearchTM system. A positive result was defined as the presence of one or more cells per 7.5 ml blood since the threshold for positivity has not been established in non-metastatic breast cancer. Statistical analyses used chi-square and Fischer's exact test. Results: One hundred and twenty patients were prospectively enrolled. Median age was 50 years and median follow-up was 33 months. Eight percent of patients had T1 disease, 35% T2, 18% T3, and 39% T4. Fifty-three percent of patients (63/120) had hormone receptor positive disease. Thirty-two percent of patients (38/120) were HER-2 positive. Thirty percent (36/120) were triple negative. Seventy-eight percent (91/120) had lymph node positive disease. Two or more CTCs were present in 9% of patients (11/120). Of the 11 patients who died, 3 had 2 or more CTCs (P=0.08). Of the 20 who relapsed, 6 had 2 or more CTCs (P=0.0019). Conclusions: Presence of two or more CTCs after NACT predicted worse relapse free survival in patients with stage I-III breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-11.
Microstructure and kinetics of hot corrosion for a nickel alloy in molten salt (1996)

Metallography, analytical SEM, and XRD were used to measure kinetics and characterize the microstructure of hot corrosion of the Ni-Cr-Fe alloy INCONEL 600 after 500 h immersion in molten Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}- NaCl salt at 900-950 C in an oxidizing atmosphere. This was done to assess the alloy as a reaction vessel material for a waste treatment process known as Molten Salt Oxidation. The alloy was found to hot corrode by surface oxidation and intergranular attack. Combined rate for loss of load-bearing cross-section metal was comparable to corrosion rates for analogous salts. About 5% of the oxide scale was a continuous, dense, protective layer of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} at the metal/oxide interface. A middle portion comprised about 55% of the scale and was a porous, mixed oxide of NiO>Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}>Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The outer 40% was nearly all NiO with dense grains and cavitated grain boundaries. Overall, the NiO was dominant and the lesser amounts of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} were roughly equivalent. No direct invasion of salt through the oxide to the metal was observed.
Differential Regulation of the Overlapping Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus vGCR (orf74) and LANA (orf73) Promoters (2001)

Similar to that of other herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) lytic replication destroys the host cell, while the virus can persist in a latent state in synchrony with the host. During latency only a few genes are transcribed, and the question becomes one of what determines latent versus lytic gene expression. Here we undertake a detailed analysis of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA [orf73]) promoter (LANAp). We characterized a minimal region that is necessary and sufficient to maintain high-level transcription in all tissues tested, including primary endothelial cells and B cells, which are the suspected natural host for KSHV. We show that in transient-transfection assays LANAp mimics the expression pattern observed for the authentic promoter in the context of the KSHV episome. Unlike other KSHV promoters tested thus far, LANAp is not affected by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or viral lytic cycle functions. It is, however, subject to control by LANA itself and cellular regulatory factors, such as p53. This is in contrast to the K14/vGCR (orf74) promoter, which overlaps LANAp and directs transcription on the opposite strand. We isolated a minimal cis-regulatory region sufficient for K14/vGCR promoter activity and show that it, too, mimics the regulation observed for the authentic viral promoter. In particular, we demonstrate that its activity is absolutely dependent on the immediate-early transactivator orf50, the KSHV homolog of the Epstein-Barr virus Rta transactivator.
ALUMINA/ALUMINA ARTICULATION: MIXING MATERIALS (2004)

Introduction: Ceramic/ceramic articulation has a long history and is accepted as a low wear couple for total hip joint application. Due to the requirements for strength of the ball-head it may be necessary to combine products from different Alumina manufacturers.

Material and methods: Alumina components according to ISO 6474 for commercial hip joint prosthesis were obtained from 3 sources and subjected to a series of simulator tests up to 5 million cycles. Variations were the type of testing and the quality and type of the Alumina. Wear tests were performed with two different types of simulators and different protocols also including micro-separation testing. Wear was characterised by weight loss, change in surface appearance and particle analysis.

Results: Standard wear testing yielded very low wear rates below 0.5 mm3 per million cycles for the Alumina combinations of the third generation with a running in period and a steady state wear after 1 million cycles. Increasing the inclination of the cup up to 60° did not increase the wear rate. Mixing the components from various sources did not affect the wear rate significantly. Micro-separation testing increased the overall wear rate significantly and showed clinical relevant patterns with grain pullout and grain relieve. After a running in period a steady state without “avalanche” effect was observed again. The particle analysis compared favourably with retrieval studies. Although the wear rate was lower for the mixed couples it was statistically not significant.

Conclusion: An improved test method for ceramics demonstrates clinically relevant wear in respect of amount, appearance and particle size. The new generation Alumina is more wear resistant and less sensitive to cup position and to micro-separation. Mixing of Alumina components from a single implant manufacturer does not change the low wear rates of ceramic/ceramic articulation and can, therefore, be applied.
Simian Sarcoma Virus <i>onc</i> Gene, v- <i>sis</i> , Is Derived from the Gene (or Genes) Encoding a Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (1983)

The transforming protein of a primate sarcoma virus and a platelet-derived growth factor are derived from the same or closely related cellular genes. This conclusion is based on the demonstration of extensive sequence similarity between the transforming protein derived from the simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, and a human platelet-derived growth factor. The mechanism by which v-sis transforms cells could involve the constitutive expression of a protein with functions similar or identical to those of a factor active transiently during normal cell growth.
Nanomechanical switch fabrication by focused-ion-beam chemical vapor deposition (2004)

Focused-ion-beam chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) is an excellent technology to form three-dimensional nanostructures. Various three-dimensional nanostructures such as an inductance, a capacitor, a resistance, and a filter-circuit have been demonstrated by applying FIB-CVD with phenanthrene (C14H10) source gas using a computer-controlled pattern generator (CPG). The electrical resistivity measurement of the free-space-nanowiring was carried out by two terminal electrode method. The resistivity was 1×102Ωcm in the case of using C14H10. To reduce the electrical resistivity, tungsten hexacarbonyl [W(CO)6] is added to C14H10 as a source gas. Increasing content of W(CO)6, the electrical resistivity becomes lower from 1×102to2×10−2Ωcm at room temperature. By using free-space-nanowiring fabrication technology, the world smallest nanomechanical switch composed of a coil and a nanowiring has been fabricated and confirmed the switching operation by applying a voltage.
TEM studies of PtSi low Schottky-barrier contacts for source/drain in MOS transistors (2010)

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy methods were used to determine the impact of two different implantation processes on the morphology of platinum silicide layers constituting low Schottky barrier contacts intended as the source/drain in MOS transistors. These processes are very promising candidates for the reduction of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of contacts and are realized by (i) implantation-through-metal (ITM) followed by dopant-segregation induced by silicidation annealing and (ii) implantation-through-silicide (ITS) followed by dopant-segregation due to the post-silicidation annealing. The studies showed that depending on the type and conditions of the process (ITM or ITS with various post-silicidation annealing temperatures) different morphologies of PtSi layers and PtSi/Si interfaces roughnesses are observed. Better quality silicide layers and silicide/silicon interfaces were found for samples after the ITS process with post-silicidation annealing at 500°C than for samples after the ITM process or the ITS process with post-silicidation annealing at temperatures not exceeding 400°C. The observed microstructure of grains and interfaces in these samples, along with the impact of the dopant-segregation, may significantly influence the SBH value. The diffraction patterns and EDXS measurements revealed that regardless of the process type, the formed silicide layer is always PtSi.
A neural network model for analyzing vibration waveform of impact sound (2004)

The method to estimate the feature of the material by the impact sound was proposed ((M. Sakata and H. Ohnabe, 1994). To design the structure of composites taking into account the characteristic of the ceramics, a method was proposed to obtain the elastic moduli and the dumping ratio from the vibration of the material. To estimate their parameters, it is necessary to model the vibration precisely. In previous work, the vibration is analyzed by the fast Fourier transforms. On the other hand, the artificial neural network has been used to model the signal source, recently. The multilayer neural network adaptively models the signal source by error backpropagation. We propose a new neural network model for vibrational analysis of the material. We examined the model by the vibration waveform of actual ceramics composite. Also, the waveform at the high temperature is analyzed from the impact sound waveform of room temperature.
Autoreset forward DC-DC converter with self-driven synchronous rectification (2004)

The designing a DC-DC converter with diode rectifier involves several engineering tradeoffs that weigh efficiency against cost and complexity. Higher efficiencies can be obtained when Schottky rectifiers are replaced by synchronous rectifiers, allowing lower voltage drops. In this paper autoreset synchronous rectifier inductor-switching forward DC-DC converter with self-reset mechanism is proposed. Autoreset clamp which returns energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer to the power supply and the synchronous rectifier in input and output sides are increased the efficiency more than 92%. Further more fast transient response is achieved by applying the inductor-switching technique, which was presented in our prior work. The design of the concept is verified by experiment of 12 V input and 1.8 V/12 A output.
Pd−Xantphos-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Nucleosides (2006)

Direct arylation of the exocyclic amino groups of nucleosides represents a simple approach to N-aryl nucleoside derivatives. To date, one limitation has been that only electron-deficient aryl bromides and triflates possessed adequate reactivity for efficient, direct N-arylation of nucleosides. We demonstrate herein that Pd-Xantphos catalytic systems lead to successful N-arylation of suitably protected 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine with a wide range of aryl bromides.
Inhibition of Isocitrate Lyase: the Basis for Inhibition of Growth of Two <i>Arthrobacter</i> Species by Pyruvate (1972)

Growth of Arthrobacter atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis on certain growth substrates was found to be inhibited by pyruvate and compounds which can be converted to pyruvate. Growth of A. atrocyaneus on acetate, for example, was completely inhibited by 5 mm pyruvate; growth of this organism on glucose was less sensitive and growth on succinate was insensitive to inhibition by pyruvate. Growth of a third Arthrobacter species, A. crystallopoietes, on acetate and other substrates was not inhibited by pyruvate. The site of pyruvate inhibition was shown to be the isocitrate lyase reaction. Glyoxylate, which affords a bypass of this reaction, restored the ability of A. atrocyaneus to evolve (14)CO(2) from acetate in the presence of pyruvate. The isocitrate lyases from A. atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis were competitively inhibited by concentrations of pyruvate as low as 1 mm, whereas the enzyme from A. crystallopoietes was unaffected by this concentration of pyruvate. Comparable levels of phosphoenolpyruvate did not inhibit the isocitrate lyases from any of the species. A mutant strain of A. atrocyaneus, PW11, which is deficient in isocitrate lyase activity, grew on glucose at a reduced rate that was comparable to the rate of growth of the wild-type strain on glucose plus lactate. Addition of lactate to PW11 did not further reduce its rate of growth on glucose. Thus, the glyoxylate pathway appears to be used as an anaplerotic pathway during growth of A. atrocyaneus on glucose. Two other considerations suggest that A. atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis, but not A. crystallopoietes, may be deficient in the ability to convert pyruvate to 4-carbon acids. First, the former two species accumulate intracellular pyruvate from exogenous l-alanine to a much greater extent than does A. crystallopoietes. Moreover, A. atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis are incapable of growth on lactate as sole source of carbon whereas A. crystallopoietes can grow on lactate.
Solubility of Vanadium Carbide and Nitride in Ferritic Iron (1973)

The solubility products of vanadium carbide and nitride in ferritic iron of Fe-V-C and Fe-V-N systems were studied in the temperature range from 700 to 800°C. The specimens, after solution treating and subsequent quenching into ice water, were heat-treated in the ferrite range to precipitate the vanadium carbide or nitride sufficiently. The contents of dissolved carbon, nitrogen and vanadium in these specimens were determined by the internal friction measurement and chemical analysis respectively. As the results, the solubility products are represented by the following equations;(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) \ oindentThese results show that solubility preducts of vanadium carbide and vanadium nitride in ferritic iron come to the lower value of about one-tenth than those in austenitic iron, and that the solubility product of vanadium carbide in ferritic iron is about one hundred times greater than that of vanadium nitride.
New recommendations of the German Society of Hypertension for the drug treatment of hypertension (2003)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Theory of diffusive light scattering cancellation cloaking (2016)

We report on a new concept of cloaking objects in diffusive light regime using the paradigm of the scattering cancellation and mantle cloaking techniques. We show numerically that an object can be made completely invisible to diffusive photon density waves, by tailoring the diffusivity constant of the spherical shell enclosing the object. This means that photons' flow outside the object and the cloak made of these spherical shells behaves as if the object were not present. Diffusive light invisibility may open new vistas in hiding hot spots in infrared thermography or tissue imaging.
A probabilistic pairwise-preference predictor for image quality (2013)

Current image quality estimators (QEs) compute a single score to estimate the perceived quality of a single input image. When comparing image quality between two images with such a QE, one only knows which image has a higher score; there is no knowledge about the uncertainty of these scores or what fraction of viewers might actually prefer the image with the lower score. In this paper, we present a Probabilistic Pairwise Preference Predictor (P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) that estimates the probability that one image will be preferred by a random viewer relative to a second image. We train a multilevel Bayesian logistic regression model using results from a large-scale subjective test and present the degree to which various factors influence subjective quality. We demonstrate our model provides well-calibrated estimates of pairwise image preferences using a validation set comprising pairs with 60 reference images outside the training set.
Chemopreventive potential of minor components of olive oil against cancer (2003)

Epidemiological studies have suggested that a diet rich in olive oil is associated with a reduced risk of a number of common cancers. In the last decade significant advances have been made in the understanding of how virgin olive oil may work to prevent cancer. A plethora of olive oil constituents have been identified as effective agents against the initiation, promotion and progression of multistage carcinogenesis. These include minor constituents such as the well-studied tocopherol and carotenoid antioxidants, a number of very efficient antioxidant phenolics (simple phenols-hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol- and linked phenols- secoiridoids, lignans-), the triterpene hydrocarbon squalene and the phytosterol β-sitosterol. Provocative recent studies have revealed that the major antioxidant components of olive oil can also exert important non-antioxidant biological functions. Because the chemopreventive role of olive oil constituents is based on hypotheses and not hard data, it needs to be evaluated and verified in animal models of multistage carcinogenesis and in humans in order to gain a better understanding of the effect of olive oil consumption on human cancer. In this review, the antioxidant activity of a number of minor olive oil components is presented and evidence of their ability to interfere with and modulate cellular pathways important in carcinogenesis is reviewed. The implications of these properties for their cancer chemopreventive potential is discussed.
Ebstein-Barr Virus-Negative Clonal Plasma Cell Proliferations Associated With Systemic Involvement of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (2016)

We describe a 66-year-old man with a long-standing history of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region who developed nodular-sclerosing subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary cutaneous CD8-positive, cytotoxic variant of mycosis fungoides over a 1-year period of time. Within a few months of his diagnosis of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, he developed systemic involvement of T-cell lymphoma in an axillary lymph node, bone marrow and lung. Interestingly, his lung infiltrates had an Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative, mature clonal plasma cell proliferations intermingled with neoplastic T cells. It showed cytoplasmic κ light chain restriction by in situ hybridization and also revealed clonal immunoglobulin light chain rearrangements in both κ and λ. No morphological or immunohistochemical evidence of his prior Hodgkin lymphoma was identified in the bone marrow or lung. In the short available follow-up (2 months to date), the patient is doing well and being evaluated for possible allogeneic stem cell transplant. The association of EBV-positive B-cell expansions in T-cell lymphomas, especially angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, is well recognized. However, EBV-negative, clonal B-cell or plasma cell proliferations in T-cell lymphoma may represent a specific phenomenon and its significance still needs further clarification. J Hematol. 2016;5(4):129-137 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jh300w
Lubricity of Components of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel. The Origin of Biodiesel Lubricity (2005)

An alternative diesel fuel that is steadily gaining attention and significance is biodiesel, which is defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats. Previous literature states that low blend levels of biodiesel can restore lubricity to (ultra-)low-sulfur petroleum-derived diesel (petrodiesel) fuels, which have poor lubricity. This feature has been discussed as a major technical advantage of biodiesel. In this work, the lubricity of numerous fatty compounds was studied and compared to that of hydrocarbon compounds found in petrodiesel. The effects of blending compounds found in biodiesel on petrodiesel lubricity were also studied. Lubricity was determined using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test. Dibenzothiophene, which is contained in nondesulfurized petrodiesel, does not enhance petrodiesel lubricity. Fatty compounds possess better lubricity than hydrocarbons, because of their polarity-imparting O atoms. Neat free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, and glycerol possess better lubricity than neat esters, because of their free OH groups. Lubricity improves somewhat with the chain length and the presence of double bonds. An order of oxygenated moieties enhancing lubricity (COOH > CHO > OH > COOCH3 > CO > C−O−C) was obtained from studying various oxygenated C10 compounds. Results on neat C3 compounds with OH, NH2, and SH groups show that oxygen enhances lubricity more than nitrogen and sulfur. Adding commercial biodiesel improves lubricity of low-sulfur petrodiesel more than neat fatty esters, indicating that other biodiesel components cause lubricity enhancement at low biodiesel blend levels. Adding glycerol to a neat ester and then adding this mixture at low blend levels to low-lubricity petrodiesel did not improve petrodiesel lubricity. However, adding polar compounds such as free fatty acids or monoacylglycerols improves the lubricity of low-level blends of esters in low-lubricity petrodiesel. Thus, some species (free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols) considered contaminants resulting from biodiesel production are responsible for the lubricity of low-level blends of biodiesel in (ultra-)low-sulfur petrodiesel. Commercial biodiesel is required at a level of 1%−2% in low-lubricity petrodiesel, which exceeds the typical additive level, to attain the lubricity-imparting additive level of biodiesel contaminants in petrodiesel.