gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Ammonio/Hydroxo Undecachloro‐<i>closo</i>‐Dodecaborates [B<sub>12</sub>Cl<sub>11</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]<sup>–</sup>/[B<sub>12</sub>Cl<sub>11</sub>OH]<sup>2–</sup> and Their Derivatives (2015)

Abstract Anions [B 12 Cl 11 NH 3 ] – and [B 12 Cl 11 OH] 2– were prepared in high yields from the known precursors [B 12 H 11 NH 3 ] – and [B 12 H 11 OH] 2– by using SO 2 Cl 2 . Reaction monitoring by 11 B NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐mass spectrometry indicated that SO 2 Cl 2 serves as a convenient chlorination reagent in both transformations. This chemical is an alternative to SbCl 5 or chlorine gas, which have been used in reported procedures. [B 12 Cl 11 NMe 3 ] – was prepared in 92 % overall yield from [B 12 H 11 NH 3 ] – salts without isolation of the unmethylated intermediate. Starting from [B 12 Cl 11 OH] 2– , [B 12 Cl 11 OS(O)CF 3 ] 2– was obtained unexpectedly by using Tf 2 O in pyridine/CH 2 Cl 2 by a rare reduction process, while [B 12 Cl 11 OTs] 2– was synthesized by using TsCl in pyridine. All compounds were fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and ESI‐mass spectrometry. [Ag(MeCN) 4 ][B 12 Cl 11 NH 3 ], [Et 4 N][B 12 Cl 11 NH 3 ], [Me 4 N] 2 [B 12 Cl 11 OH], [Et 3 NH][Cs][B 12 Cl 11 OH], [Ph 3 PMe] 2 [B 12 Cl 11 OS(O)CF 3 ], and [MePPh 3 ] 2 [B 12 Cl 11 OTs] were studied by X‐ray diffraction.
Further Insights into the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome: Clinical and Functional Characterization of a Novel MCT8 Mutation (2015)

We describe a novel MCT8 mutation (S290F) in 4 generations of a family with Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome. Functional analysis demonstrates loss-of-function of the MCT8 transporter. Furthermore, our results indicate that the function of the S290F mutant is dependent on cell context. Comparison of the S290F and S290A mutants indicates that it is not the loss of Ser but its substitution with Phe, which leads to S290F dysfunction.
Simultaneous formation of emitter and passivation layer in a single rapid thermal cycle (1994)

In this paper the authors investigate the simultaneous processing of the emitter junction and the emitter surface passivation by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) from a doped spin-on glass (SOG). Test structures and solar cells of different emitter profiles and surface concentrations were made by diluting two different doped spin-on glass liquids with methanol. By this procedure, oxide thickness and doping can be controlled. RTA was performed in an argon atmosphere in the temperature range of 850--1,000 C for 5--60 sec. The results show that emitter surface doping concentration between 1 {times} 10{sup 19} cm{sup {minus}3} and 3 {times} 10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3} and junction depth from 0.1 {micro}m could be obtained. Sheet resistances lower than 150 {Omega}/{open_square} could be easily reached. External quantum efficiency measurements from solar cells, made from CZ and FZ p-type silicon wafers, demonstrate the passivation effect of the remaining SOG-film. The highest efficiency obtained with this ohmic back contacted cells, which had an oxide thickness of about 70 nm, are 12.8%.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COOKING QUALITY OF FIELD PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L.) AND WHITE BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) STORED UNDER SIMULATED FARM CONDITIONS (1995)

ABSTRACT Factors affecting the cooking, physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of field peas and white beans were studied after 147 days’ storage under northern temperate climatic conditions. Cooking time, hydration and swelling characteristics, phytate levels, fat acidity values (FAV), off‐odor and visible mold development were assessed. Among the different initial moisture contents and storage temperature regimens investigated, only the highest temperature regimen (44C declining to 15C) was associated with a noticeable reduction in the cooking quality of peas and beans. Although a gradual decline was seen in the hydration and swelling characteristics of both legumes, and in phytate levels of peas stored at the 44C to 15C regimen, no single factor appeared to explain the changes in cooking quality of peas and beans stored at high temperatures. Correlation analyses indicated the association of high levels of conductivity and FAV with poor hydration characteristics and off‐odor development in the two legumes.
Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor interaction: biological, clinical and therapeutic importance (2009)

The interaction of factor VIII (FVIII) with von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is of direct clinical significance in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with haemophilia A and von Willebrand disease (VWD). A normal haemostatic response to vascular injury requires both FVIII and VWF. It is well-established that in addition to its role in mediating platelet to platelet and platelet to matrix binding, VWF has a direct role in thrombin and fibrin generation by acting as a carrier molecule for the cofactor FVIII. Recent studies show that the interaction affects not only the biology of both FVIII and VWF, and the pathology of haemophilia and VWD, but also presents opportunities in the treatment of haemophilia. This review details the mechanisms and the molecular determinants of FVIII interaction with VWF, and the role of FVIII-VWF interaction in modulating FVIII interactions with other proteases, cell types and cellular receptors. The effect of defective interaction of FVIII with VWF as a result of mutations in either protein is discussed.
Oligodendrocytes Direct Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteins to the Myelin Sheath in Glycosphingolipid-rich Complexes (1997)

The myelin sheath synthesized by oligodendrocytes insulates central nervous system axons and is a specialized subdomain of the plasma membrane, containing a restricted pattern of proteins and lipids. Myelin is enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol, a lipid environment favored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, which associate with these lipids in detergent-insoluble complexes in many cell types. Since proteins regulating oligodendroglia-neuron interaction are largely unknown and GPI-anchored proteins are often involved in cell-cell interactions, we examined oligodendrocytes and myelin for their expression of these proteins. Oligodendrocyte precursors and maturing oligodendrocytes express a similar pattern of GPI-anchored proteins, which unlike the majority of oligodendrocyte plasma membrane proteins, accumulate in myelin. To elucidate mechanisms underlying the expression of GPI-anchored proteins in myelin, we analyzed detergent-insoluble complexes from cells and myelin using TX-100 extraction and sucrose density gradients. In precursor cells, the GPI-anchored proteins are not incorporated in detergent-insoluble complexes. In contrast, GPI-anchored proteins from maturing oligodendrocytes and from myelin were isolated as complexes associated with glycosphingolipids and cholesterol. These results show a specific association of GPI-anchored proteins with glycosphingolipids and cholesterol during oligodendrocyte maturation and suggest sorting of these macromolecular complexes to myelin.
AIMING FOR NUMBER ONE (2005)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTAIMING FOR NUMBER ONEPlanned cracker will place SABIC's European arm among region's top polyolefin makersCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2005, 83, 50, 22Publication Date (Print):December 12, 2005Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 12 December 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n050.p022Copyright © 2005 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (625 KB) SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Petrochemicals Get e-Alerts
Alexis de Tocqueville on the Covenantal Tradition of American Federal Democracy (1998)

Perhaps no analyst of democracy's potentials for despotism and self-government understood better than Alexis de Tocqueville the importance of the “favorable circumstances” of America's republican and religious origins. America's covenantal heritage inspired the public philosophy of federal liberty and the federal principle used to establish governments and political associations in colonial New England. The Puritans, Tocqueville explained, created the bonds and the liberties of citizenship by their assent to eternal, transcendent principles, as well as by their consent to government. The principles of covenant ultimately provided the institutional and conceptual foundation of constitutional government, making America's federal democracy less vulnerable to possessive individualism and democratic despotism. Federal principles fostered an important indirect role for religion in American politics. Tocqueville not only analyzed the tension between the requirements of faith and democratic norms, but also distinguished covenantal ways of negotiating these concerns from the approach taken by later advocates of religious freedom, fames Madison and Thomas Jefferson. He argued that federalism's moral foundations will be difficult to preserve if this tension is resolved in ways that promote individual autonomy by undermining covenantal thinking.
Spatial and temporal analysis of urban flood risk assessment (2012)

Urban flood risk assessment requires quantification of uncertainty that is spatially and temporally variable. This paper presents a new approach to urban flood risk assessment by: (a) integrating objective and subjective uncertainties and (b) providing full insight into spatial and temporal change of flood risk. A 1-D storm sewer model and a 2-D surface flow model are integrated to describe the dynamic interactions between overland flow on the streets and flow through the storm sewer network. The fuzzy set theory approach is used to assess spatial and temporal variability of urban flood damage, and the acceptable level of partial flood damage. The spatial and temporal variability of fuzzy performance indices: (i) combined reliability-vulnerability; (ii) robustness and (iii) resiliency, are generated as the outcome of the urban flood risk analysis. The methodology is illustrated using the residential community of Cedar Hollow (London, Ontario, Canada) as a case study.
Anti-HBV vaccination before therapy with interferon (IFN) in chronic B hepatitis. (1998)

Thirty-five outpatients (7 F, 28 M, mean age 39.8 years) with histologically confirmed active chronic B hepatitis, have been immunised with specific anti-HBV vaccine (Engerix B 20 mcg, SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rioxensart, Belgium) on days 0, 30 and 60. Hepatitis B markers, HBV-DNA and anti-HDV antibodies were determined on the same day of vaccination. One week after the last dose of anti-HBV vaccine, 15 and 10 patients have been treated respectively with alpha-leukocyte-IFN and beta-natural-IFN at the dose of 6 mU three times/week for one year; the remaining 10 patients were included in the control group. Hepatitis B and D markers and transaminases were monitored monthly during IFN therapy. Within one month from the last dose of anti-HBV vaccine, 20 patients out 35 have shown a transitory disappearance of HBV-DNA. After the 2nd dose in 4 patients a marked increase in AST and ALT levels was observed (up to 10 times the normal values). After the 3rd dose (last dose) five HBV-DNA-negative patients have shown transitory low levels of anti-HBs antibodies; moreover, after the last dose of anti-HBV, one HBV-DNA-negative patient resulted HBV-DNA-positive. After one year of IFN-therapy, 8 patients out 15 treated with alpha-leukocyte-IFN and 2 treated with beta-natural-IFN, have shown normalisation of transaminases. These results confirm the effectiveness of an anti-HBV vaccination before an IFN treatment and a better response achieved with alpha-leukocyte-IFN.
Human endothelial cell adhesiveness for neutrophils, induced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide in vitro, is inhibited by <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> lipopolysaccharide. (1989)

Recent studies in vitro have demonstrated that LPS from Gram-negative bacteria are capable of inducing endothelial cells to express a cell surface property that promotes the adherence of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells, PMN). We have investigated the effects of LPS from Bacteroides fragilis, an organism documented to have little toxicity in vivo, on the induction of this property in human endothelial cells. Monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE) exhibited no increase in adhesiveness for 51Cr-radiolabeled PMN after 4 h of exposure to B. fragilis LPS from 1 ng to 10 micrograms/ml. Escherichia coli LPS elicited a dose-dependent enhancement of HUVE adhesiveness for PMN over the same concentration range, reaching a maximum of 49.4 +/- 6.6% at 10 micrograms/ml. Like E. coli LPS, B. fragilis LPS converted chromogenic substrate in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, and was directly cytotoxic to bovine aortic endothelial cells. Both B. fragilis LPS activities required doses two-to-three log-fold higher than for E. coli LPS. In addition, we found that B. fragilis LPS inhibited the induction of HUVE adhesiveness for PMN by E. coli LPS. This inhibition was also dose-dependent, becoming maximal (greater than 80%) when B. fragilis LPS was in 10- to 20-fold excess. Tumor necrosis factor and IL-1, two monokines which also elicit HUVE adhesiveness for PMN, were not inhibited by B. fragilis LPS, suggesting a mechanism of HUVE activation by LPS which is signal-specific, and which recognizes specificities of LPS structure.
Studies on the Carbon Dioxide Promotion and Ethylene Inhibition of Tuberization in Potato Explants Cultured <i>in Vitro</i> (1976)

Ethylene inhibited the tuberization of etiolated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Red La Soda) sprout sections cultured in vitro. Carbon dioxide did not overcome the C(2)H(4) inhibition but it was required for normal tuberization. Ethylene totally prevented root formation and development. It inhibited stolon elongation, and caused thickening and diageotropical growth of the stolon. In addition, C(2)H(4) prevented the accumulation of both starch and red anthocyanin which are always present in a tuber. Ethylene also inhibited the kinetin-increased tuberization of sprout sections.Three to five days of exposure to CO(2) were required to obtain promotion of tuberization of stolons cultured in vitro. Bicarbonate ion did not affect starch synthetase activity isolated from potato tubers in vitro. The evidence presented suggests that CO(2) gas rather than HCO(-) (3) or CO(2-) (3) ions in equilibrium with dissolved CO(2) was probably responsible for the stimulation. Morphological changes elicited by CO(2) and C(2)H(4) are described and the mechanism of action of both on tuberization is discussed.
Finding a Target with an Accessible Global Positioning System (2007)

This article presents two target-location experiments. In the first experiment, 19 participants located a 25-foot chalk circle 93% of the time with a Global Positioning System (GPS) compared to 12% of the time without it. In a single-subject follow-up experiment, the participant came within 1 foot of the target on all GPS trials. Target-location techniques are described.
Moving into the Next Phase Towards Quality Early Learning (2011)

The Workshops provide a direct channel for ECEC practitioners to voice their perspectives and develop networks.
Effect of casting solvent on the stress-hardening and stress-softening characteristics of Kraton-G 1650 copolymer films (1979)

Abstract Films of Kraton-G, a triblock copolymer of styrene-(ethene-co-butene)-styrene, have been cast from several solvents with solubility parameters in the range δ = 15.1 to 20.5 (J/m3)½ The films exhibit both stress-softening and stress-hardening behavior, but the response is found to depend on the casting solvent. The observed behavior is discussed in relation to the structure of the films and the extent of dispersion of the polystyrene phase is found to be a major factor in determining the film response to applied stress. It is also suggested that the interfacial region, which constitutes a substantial part of the matrix will be instrumental in the relaxation processes observed in the films when temperatures remain below Tg s for the polystyrene phase. Some crystallinity was developed in the elastomeric phase on stretching the films, but this is not a significant feature.
Bacteriophage phi29 terminal protein: its association with the 5' termini of the phi29 genome (1978)

The location of the protein bound to bacteriophage phi29 DNA has been studied with restriction endonucleases, exonucleases, and polynucleotide kinase. The protein is invariably associated with the two terminal DNA fragments generated by restriction endonucleases. The phi29 DNA prepared with or without proteinase K treatment is resistant to the action of the 5'-terminal-specific exonucleases, lambda-exonuclease and T7 exonuclease. The phi29 DNA is also inaccessible to phosphorylation by polynucleotide kinase even after treatment with alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, phi29 DNA is sensitive to exonuclease III, and the 3' termini of the DNA can be labeled by incubating with alpha-[32P]ATP and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The protein remains associated with the phi29 DNA after treatment with various chaotropic agents, including 8 M urea, 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride, 4 M sodium perchlorate, 2 M sodium thiocyanate, and 2 M LiCl. These results are consistent with the notion that the protein is linked covalently to the 5' termini of the phi29 DNA.
POLYIMIDES DERIVED FROM DIISOCYANATES (2002)

Polyimides are a sophisticated family of materials, which have applications in highly technical end uses from aerospace to microelectronics . Their diversity is such that it leads them into applications as fibres, films, moulding powders, coatings and composite prepregs where their major advantage, a high resistance to heat, places them in a niche other polymers cannot enter . The objective of this review is to tie together some of the early with the more recent literature data concerning the synthetic aspects of diisocyanate derived polyimides, their solution behaviour, and imidization characteristics. Its aim is to provide an up-to-date picture of the important factors involved in polyimide preparation and leave more detailed information to be gathered by the readers from the many key references cited if they desire. This will hopefully provide the readers with a more complete as well as correct picture of the rudiments of diisocyanate derived polyimides in addition to hopefully simulating research interests in those areas which are less completely understood . This large and complex family Of polymers will continue to be developed, even though certain products have been sold for more than 35 years. Future developments will include blends and alloys to optimize processing, physical, thermal or other attributes . This `high tech family will need many of the high and low temperature requirements of the automotive, aerospace, electrical/electronics and medical industries as they develop further in the 21 st century. INTRODUCTION been published on polyimides during 1975-2001 and at least 18,000 patents in the last five years. This represents Polyimides are one of the Most important classes of high an average increase of 35% per annum. Many major 'temperature polymers available today . They find widemultinational chemical and manufacturing companies are spread application due to the wide range of chemistry and actively involved in polyimides either as suppliers or endproperties accessible . Their commercial importance is users or both . These include Du Pont, IBM, Shell, BP, ICI, illustrated by the fact that more than 37,000 patents have General Electric, Ciba-Geigy, Hitachi, Rolls-Royce, (0) To whom correspondence should be addressed . Email : M . Barikani(Oipi.ac.ir
Biochemical aspects of the neuroprotective mechanism of PTEN‐induced kinase‐1 (PINK1) (2008)

Mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) gene cause PARK6 familial Parkinsonism. To decipher the role of PINK1 in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), researchers need to identify protein substrates of PINK1 kinase activity that govern neuronal survival, and establish whether aberrant regulation and inactivation of PINK1 contribute to both familial Parkinsonism and idiopathic PD. These studies should take into account the several unique structural and functional features of PINK1. First PINK1 is a rare example of a protein kinase with a predicted mitochondrial-targeting sequence and a possible resident mitochondrial function. Second, bioinformatic analysis reveals unique insert regions within the kinase domain that are potentially involved in regulation of kinase activity, substrate selectivity and stability of PINK1. Third, the C-terminal region contains functional motifs governing kinase activity and substrate selectivity. Fourth, accumulating evidence suggests that PINK1 interacts with other signaling proteins implicated in PD pathogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The most prominent examples are the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, the mitochondrial protease high temperature requirement serine protease 2 and the mitochondrial chaperone tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1. How PINK1 may regulate these proteins to maintain neuronal survival is unclear. This review describes the unique structural features of PINK1 and their possible roles in governing mitochondrial import, processing, kinase activity, substrate selectivity and stability of PINK1. Based upon the findings of previous studies of PINK1 function in cell lines and animal models, we propose a model on the neuroprotective mechanism of PINK1. This model may serve as a conceptual framework for future investigation into the molecular basis of PD pathogenesis.