gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Brain: A Most Wondrous and Mysterious Frontier (2011)

Amid the twenty-first century's fast-moving, high-tech times, our world is shrinking: a quick click of a mouse can connect us instantly with people and cultures across the globe. Our information- rich age, spiced with the splendor and squalor of the Internet, offers a glut of fact, theory, and data covering everything from the mysteries of far-flung galaxies to the more mundane intricacies of life on earth. With so much technology and information, it might seem there are few frontiers left to explore. Yet unexplored, wondrous terrain still does exist, according to Paul D. Nussbaum, our Guest Editor for this issue of Generations: human brain remains a mystery and an untapped source of energy. I believe it to be perhaps the last and greatest frontier for our personal discovery. Nussbaum, a clinical neuropsychologist who lives and works in Pennsylvania, is an adjunct professor in neurological surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. With more than twenty-five years of experience caring for older persons suffering from dementia and related disorders, Dr. Nussbaum is an expert in neuroanatomy and human behavior, and has published numerous peerreviewed articles, books, and chapters on these topics. greatest sense of accomplishment I experience in my career is the direct interaction I have with people when I teach about the human brain and what we know about shaping it for health, he says. Generations readership should find this issue on brain health important for the same reasons it is important to everyone. The single greatest, most magnificent, and complicated miracle ever designed sits within our own skulls-the human brain. It is vital that everyone take some time to learn about their brain, says Nussbaum. He believes that once people understand brain basics, they can begin to appreciate how it functions and understand how to ensure better brain health. Nussbaum has assembled for this issue an eminent group of authors who have contributed knowledge and expertise on an array of topics-from the business and ethics of brain fitness to late-life cognitive disorders to proper nutrition for the aging brain. Nussbaum endeavors to take the research and neuroscience to the general public so everyone can benefit from the latest findings and foster practical applications. He delivered the 2002 MindAlert Lecture (Brain Health from One to One Hundred) at the Second Joint Conference of the National Council on Aging and the American Society on Aging (ASA), and has also presented his thoughts on learning and brain health to the United Nations. …
A test case reduction method for semantic based web services (2010)

Web Services are the basic building blocks for every e-business applications now-a-days. They provide efficient reusability mechanism, thereby reducing the development time and cost. Mostly the source code of web services is unavailable to other developers who use these services. The manual effort spent by them in testing these web services is very large in order to increase the interoperability. Thus automated testing needs to be developed for testing these Web Services, which is possible by adding semantics to Web Service Description Language (WSDL). Also the test case reduction technique is very much required for regression testing. This paper generates test cases for Web Services using reduction techniques Pair-Wise Testing (PWT) and Orthogonal Array Testing (OAT) and compares the two techniques. The structure of Web Services is specified using UML diagrams. The pre and post conditions for the service rule are specified using Object Constraint Language (OCL). The framework developed by this paper transforms this into WSDL-S specifications. These specifications are parsed and transformed into structured DOM tree. Test data with different factors, levels and strengths are generated for PWT and OAT techniques. Test data set generated by this framework would satisfy the constraints of the WSDL. The test cases are then developed based on the data generated, documented in XML based test files called Web Service Test Specifications (WSTS) and executed. The number of test cases required by general testing, PWT, OAT are compared and the better testing technique for testing Web Services is determined.
A pin permutation algorithm for improving over-the-cell channel routing (1995)

In standard cell design, some of the cell terminals and gates are permutable. Therefore, it is important for an over-the-cell channel router to take advantage of this so as to obtain better results. A greedy algorithm is presented to determine proper gate and terminal positions such that, when over-the-cell routers are used, the area above and below the channel can be utilized more effectively and the maximal channel density can be greatly reduced. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm indeed considerably reduces the maximal channel density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Femtosecond Laser Versus Mechanical Microkeratome: A Retrospective Comparison of Visual Outcomes at 3 Months (2009)

Creating LASIK flaps with the femtosecond laser resulted in faster visual recovery and better UCVA.
Millimeter-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide Multibeam Antenna Based on the Parabolic Reflector Principle (2008)

A novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) multibeam antenna based on the parabolic reflector principle is proposed and implemented at 37.5 GHz, which takes the advantages of low loss, low profile, high gain, and mass producible. A prototype of the proposed antenna with seven input ports generating a corresponding number of output beams is fabricated in a standard PCB process. The measurements are in good agreement with the simulations, and the results demonstrate that this type of printed multibeam antenna is a good choice for communications applications where mobility and high gain are simultaneously required.
Study on problem-based learning towards improving soft skills of students in effective communication class (2018)

A bulk of studies indicates an improvement of various soft skills through applying problem-based learning (PBL) approach but there is still a dearth of such pedagogies in the Asia region. The core objective of this study was, therefore, to identify the effects of electronic PBL on the soft skills, conflict resolution traits, and aspects of enhancing group learning among undergraduate. Through a mixed method approach, a total 57 students from different faculties at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia participated in the semester-long research study. Pre-test and post-test were administered at the beginning and end of the semester along with observing the sessions and analysing the documents. The computation of mean compared with the standard value of the mean of the pre and post-test revealed the significant effect of PBL on improving the soft skills of the students and enhancing group learning including overcoming communication conflicts. The observation and document analysis supported the findings obtained from the questionnaire.
English in the Commonwealth: 3—New Zealand and its Island Dependencies (1961)

Journal Article English in the Commonwealth: 3—New Zealand and its Island Dependencies Get access D. A. SMITH D. A. SMITH Mr Smith is a New Zealander with teaching and administrative experience in various parts of the world. He is at present Education Officer, British Council, Madras. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume XVI, Issue 1, October 1961, Pages 7–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/XVI.1.7 Published: 01 October 1961
Stem cells for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration (2010)

Multifaceted technologies are increasingly required to control stem cell differentiation, to develop novel stem cell-based therapy, and, ultimately, to achieve more effective repair or regeneration of injured tendons.
Transmembrane Protein 214 (TMEM214) Mediates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Caspase 4 Enzyme Activation and Apoptosis (2013)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by excessive aggregation of misfolded proteins induces apoptosis. Although ER stress-induced apoptosis has been implicated in many diseases, the detailed mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we identified human transmembrane protein 214 (TMEM214) as a critical mediator of ER stress-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of TMEM214 induced apoptosis, whereas knockdown of TMEM214 inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis. TMEM214 was localized on the outer membrane of the ER and constitutively associated with procaspase 4, which was also critical for ER stress-induced apoptosis. TMEM214-induced apoptosis was abolished by a dominant negative mutant of procaspase 4, whereas caspase 4-induced apoptosis was inhibited by knockdown of TMEM214. Furthermore, knockdown of TMEM214 inhibited the activation and cleavage of procaspase 4 by impairing its recruitment to the ER. Our findings suggest that TMEM214 is essential for ER stress-induced apoptosis by acting as an anchor for recruitment of procaspase 4 to the ER and its subsequent activation.
One-dimensional estimation of interconnect temperatures (2003)

The solution of the 1D heat equation gives the self-heating temperature trajectories in ULSI interconnect networks. The method, implemented in an existing electromigration reliability verification code, requires virtually no incremental computational resources. Its accuracy is comparable to 3D finite element modelling for interconnects embedded in either SiO/sub 2/ or low-k dielectrics.
Grating Lobe Reductions in a Planar Hexagonal Scanning Array with Large Element Spacing (2020)

A new single-layer, dual-mode circular microstrip patch antenna with self-nulling capabilities is utilized as an antenna element in a seven-element hexagonal scanning phased array with a 1.25λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> element spacing to facilitate grating lobe reductions for medium scan angles. For the scan angles up to ±40°, it will be shown that the utilization of such dual-mode antenna elements leads to grating lobe reductions to well below -25 dB.
Public Sector Translation and Interpretation: Demand Analysis for Taiwan (2016)

This study aims to investigate the public sector demand for translation and interpretation (T&I) services. Results indicate that over 60% of the government units surveyed need translation and interpretation services; the total demand, which is diversified, is valued at more than NT$100,000,000. In fulfilling this need, many government units seek resources from within the organization while other seek to outsource. Moreover, it has been found that in the selection of translation and interpretation providers, the main criteria are experience, educational background and knowledge of the domain. The providing of stable, high quality translation and interpretation services to the public sector faces certain challenges, which include: (1) an insufficient budget; (2) a shortage of human resources. It is clear that T&I services, which include the translation of Chinese works and documents into foreign languages, need to be expanded to include more languages and to facilitate access to service providers. It is also clear that translation and interpretation services need to be enhanced by reviewing current policies and by continuing to facilitate the healthy development of this industry.
Chronic constipation: Update on management (2017)

Managing chronic constipation involves identifying and treating secondary causes, instituting lifestyle changes, prescribing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, and, occasionally, referring for surgery. Several new drugs have been approved, and others are in the pipeline.
On the absence of phase-recording or `twin-image' separation problems in `Gabor' (in-line) holography (1966)

In contrast with a general belief which followed Gabor's wavefront-reconstruction imaging work in 1948, the original Gabor `in-line' hologram recording scheme is shown to produce perfectly separable `twin images', without any phase-recording problems, notably in high-resolution imaging and with diffused illumination.
Design and Analysis of Sensing Scheduling Algorithms under Partial Coverage for Object Detection in Sensor Networks (2007)

Object detection quality and network lifetime are two conflicting aspects of a sensor network, but both are critical to many sensor applications such as military surveillance. Partial coverage, where a sensing field is partially sensed by active sensors at any time, is an appropriate approach to balancing the two conflicting design requirements of monitoring applications. Under partial coverage, we develop an analytical framework for object detection in sensor networks, and mathematically analyze average-case object detection quality in random and synchronized sensing scheduling protocols. Our analytical framework facilitates performance evaluation of a sensing schedule, network deployment, and sensing scheduling protocol design. Furthermore, we propose three wave sensing scheduling protocols to achieve bounded worst-case object detection quality. We justify the correctness of our analyses through rigorous proof, and validate the effectiveness of the proposed protocols through extensive simulation experiments
Growth and Agglomeration of Particles in Low-Temperature GR-S Type of Latex (1956)

Abstract It has been shown that it is possible to prepare high-solids latex by polymerizing to an intermediate solids content and particle size, followed by solvent agglomeration and concentration. It has also been shown that a somewhat similar agglomeration normally takes place at intermediate conversions in conventional high-solids latex recipes. The slow rates of polymerization in the latter recipes after agglomeration are primarily due to the greatly reduced number of particles present. The ratio of hydrocarbon to water is very important in determining the extent of agglomeration both during and after polymerization.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and mTOR pathways in renal cell carcinoma: differences and synergies of two targeted mechanisms (2009)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most resistant tumours to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Cytokine therapy is effective in a small subset of patients, but it is associated with substantial toxicity and rarely benefits patients with extensive tumour burdens or adverse prognostic factors. Since 2005, clinical trials have shown significant clinical benefits for five molecularly targeted therapies in patients with advanced RCC. These agents constitute two mechanistic classes: (i) angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand (bevacizumab, in combination with interferon-a) or VEGF receptors (sunitinib, sorafenib); and (ii) inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling (temsirolimus, everolimus). This review assesses the mechanistic distinctions and functional overlaps of these classes of agents, and discusses key characteristics of their respective clinical efficacy and side-effect profiles in patients with RCC, some of which might affect patient selection and treatment strategies. Current research is designed to optimize the use of these agents, as well as the development of new investigational therapies within these mechanistic classes. The differences and synergies are particularly important for understanding the best ways to integrate VEGF/VEGF receptor inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors for combination or sequential treatment of patients with advanced RCC.
An adaptive algorithm for separating and tracking multiple directional sources in linear arrays (1992)

An algorithm for spatially filtering out, enhancing, and tracking individual directional sources in an adaptive array is proposed and investigated. In this algorithm, the sources are separated by using an adaptive beamformer whose outputs are processed by using the LMS algorithm to track distinct sources individually. From the LMS weights used, the source locations can be estimated. Whenever significant changes in these are detected, the beamformer is updated so that its outputs will be due to different sources in the steady state. With this algorithm, the problems of look-direction errors in look-direction constrained arrays and of large signal power in power inversion arrays are eliminated, and the enhancement of multiple moving sources becomes a natural process. Furthermore, because the sources are individually tracked and the beamformer is only updated occasionally, the algorithm possesses fast tracking behavior, and its implementation complexity is comparable to that of beamformer-based adaptive arrays using the LMS algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigate the interaction between dark matter and dark energy (2012)

In this paper we investigate the interaction between dark matter and dark energy by considering two different interacting scenarios, i.e. the cases of constant interaction function and variable interaction function. By fitting the current observational data to constrain the interacting models, it is found that the interacting strength is non-vanishing, but weak for the case of constant interaction function, and the interaction is not obvious for the case of variable interaction function. In addition, for seeing the influence from interaction we also investigate the evolutions of interaction function, effective state parameter for dark energy and energy density of dark matter. At last some geometrical quantities in the interacting scenarios are discussed.
Improvements in the rabbit scarification method for the assay of smallpox vaccine. (1961)

For many years in the USA and at least eighteen other countries in the world, the rabbit scarification method, with modifications, has been the laboratory test system used in assaying potency and in standardizing smallpox vaccines. A revaluation of this control procedure has led to further attempts to improve the method and to the studies described in this paper. Refinements in the method include an improved scarifying instrument permitting more uniform vaccination results, a modified rabbit testing system using an increased number of animals, a calibrated gradient ensuring more precise measurement of individual pocks and confluent areas, and a simple mathematical scheme for quantitating potency of unknown vaccines in terms of a reference. Experimental data from 500 rabbits reflect the precision of the test system with the refinements suggested. A brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the rabbit scarification test system as against other vaccinia virus potency titration methods indicates how the improved scarification method could better serve as a practical and satisfactory means for evaluating the relative potency of unknown vaccines in the control laboratory.
External transparency or internal capture? The role of third‐party statements in adding value to corporate environmental reports1 (2000)

The paper seeks to evaluate the extent to which verification statements appearing in published corporate environmental reports promote organizational transparency and the empowerment of external parties. To this end, a detailed content analysis was performed on such statements appearing in reports short-listed for the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Environmental Reporting Awards for the first seven years of the scheme since its inception in 1991/92. Key issues focused upon included those of verifier independence, degree of rigour applied to verification work, whether the performance dimension is meaningfully addressed in verification statements and the extent to which such statements may be considered to ‘add value’ for external constituencies. Our analysis of the basic characteristics of these ‘leading edge’ statements raises fundamental questions concerning the independence of verification. There is much evidence of auditee control over the process, with an overriding emphasis on the environmental management systems at the expense of commentary on performance-based ‘first order’ audit. The disturbing conclusion revealed is that current verification practice exhibits a ‘managerial turn’ rather than representing corporate commitment to external transparency and accountability. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Oil–water interfacial self-assembly: a novel strategy for nanofilm and nanodevice fabrication (2011)

How to integrate individual nanostructures into macroscopic thin films has become one of the most intriguing fields in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to the unique properties and important applications of these functional films. Since being discovered in 2004, oil-water interfacial self-assembly of nanostructures has become a novel strategy for fabrication of nanofilms. It is a powerful bottom-up approach for film fabrication due to the low cost and high efficiency, and is simple and universal for almost all low-dimensional nanostructures. In this article, we provide a critical review of the state-of-the-art research activities in this burgeoning self-assembly strategy. We first discuss the thermodynamic mechanism of the oil-water interfacial self-assembly, then the self-assembly of various low-dimensional nanostructures including nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures at an oil-water interface developed so far to fabricate high-quality nanofilms. Finally, we present some progress on the construction of functional nanofilm-based nanodevices from this novel strategy based on our research. We conclude this review with critical comments on advantages and the experimental challenges, and further propose the future research and development of this self-assembly strategy for nanodevice construction (105 references).
Management of RSV infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2010)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RSV usually presents as an upper respiratory tract infection in this patient population but may progress rapidly to lower respiratory tract infection. Available therapies that have been used for the treatment of RSV infections are limited to ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and palivizumab. The use of aerosolized ribavirin, alone or in combination with either palivizumab or intravenous immunoglobulin, remains controversial. In this comprehensive review, we present and discuss the available literature on management of RSV infections in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with a focus on therapeutic modalities and outcomes.
Explore the Difference Between Bilingual and Monolingual Children (2022)

The aim of this study is to explore whether bilingual children have better working memory skills and cognitive ability than monolingual children. By summarizing previous studies, Chinese-monolingual and Chinese-English bilingual children aged 48-54 months from two kindergartens, whose parents are of lower socioeconomic status and do not speak English, would be selected. The results of previous studies indicate that bilingual children are better at processing information and suppressing cognitive interference than monolingual children, which supports our hypothesis. However, differences in schooling levels and errors in the assessment of children's family economic status in the study still need to be controlled for more carefully. In addition, further implications of this study and the advantages and disadvantages of bilingual education are also discussed.
The mechanism of trifluoroacetylation of indoles (1982)

The mechanism of the reaction between substituted indoles and trifluoroacetic anhydride has been studied by product identification and n.m.r. spectroscopy. Experimental evidence is given for the stability of an ion pair intermediate.