gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2‘-Modified Nucleosides for Site-Specific Labeling of Oligonucleotides (2001)

We report the synthesis of 2'-modified nucleosides designed specifically for incorporating labels into oligonucleotides. Conversion of these nucleosides to phosphoramidite and solid support-bound derivatives proceeds in good yield. Large-scale synthesis of 11-mer oligonucleotides possessing the 2'-modified nucleosides is achieved using these derivatives. Thermal denaturation studies indicate that the presence of 2'-modified nucleosides in 11-mer duplexes has minimal destabilizing effects on the duplex structure when the nucleosides are placed at the duplex termini. The powerful combination of phosphoramidite and support-bound derivatives of 2'-modified nucleosides affords the large-scale preparation of an entirely new class of oligonucleotides. The ability to synthesize oligonucleotides containing label attachment sites at 3', intervening, and 5' locations of a duplex is a significant advance in the development of oligonucleotide conjugates.
Integrated hepatitis C virus treatment: addressing comorbid substance use disorders and HIV infection (2005)

79.1% of HIV-positive but only 34.8% of HCV-positive veterans were co-tested, suggesting barriers to HIV testing may exist in VISN 20. Results also indicate that HCV-positive patients are at increased risk for HIV infection and that HIV-positive patients with SUD are at increased risk of HCV infection; routine co-testing for these patients is therefore warranted. Given significant co-infection rates, HCV and HIV screening and testing should be increasingly integrated. Increased infection rates among patients with SUD also warrant integration of HCV and HIV screening and testing into mental health and addiction programmes.
Critical Success Factors for the Improvement of Requirements Engineering Process (2003)

The current software process improvement (SP!) standards have no specific section referring to requirements engineering (RE) process and they broadly treat it as a single activity in the overall development process. Research shows that in order to produce quality software greater attention must be given to the improvement of RE process. In order to improve the RE process we have extended the concept of critical success factors (CSFs). We have conducted 22 CSF interviews with 11 Australian companies. OW:' result show that factors that are generally considered. critical for RE process improvement include: experienced staff, having clear scope up front, reviews, stakeholders involvement and using a combination of text and visual models to represent requirements. Our findings also show that there are more similarities than differences on CSFs acrosspractitioner groups. It shows that RE practitioners are aware of what is imperativefor the improvement of RE process.
High Temperature Damping of Tantalum, Rhenium, and Tungsten (1959)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. H. Schnitzel; High Temperature Damping of Tantalum, Rhenium, and Tungsten. J. Appl. Phys. 1 December 1959; 30 (12): 2011–2012. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1735106 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Association of Community Health Indicators With Outcomes for Kidney Transplant Recipients in the United States (2012)

In a national cohort of patients undergoing complex medical procedures, health indicators from patients' communities are strong independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Findings highlight the importance of community conditions for risk stratification of patients and development of individualized treatment protocols. Findings also demonstrate that standard risk adjustment does not capture important factors that may affect unbiased performance evaluations of transplant centers.
Gene Expression of Hypothalamic Somatostatin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Dexamethasone-Treated Rats (1997)

Supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoids inhibit growth hormone (GH) secretion in man and experimental animals. We investigated whether glucocorticoids inhibit GH secretion through changes in the gene expression of GH, hypothalamic somatostatin (SS) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), and whether such changes vary with the dose and duration of glucocorticoid excess. Male rats, 6 weeks of age, were treated with injections of either saline or different doses of dexamethasone (40, 200, 500 or 1,000 micrograms/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 3 or 8 days. Total RNA extracted from the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. SS mRNA level was also assessed in smaller hypothalamic fragments containing predominantly the periventricular and paraventricular nuclei, and by in situ hybridization. A biphasic effect on SS mRNA levels was observed such that a significant increase (p < 0.001) was demonstrated in the periventricular nucleus after 3 days of dexamethasone 1,000 micrograms/kg/day, but a reduction in hypothalamic SS mRNA was seen after 8 days for all doses employed (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). On the other hand, hypothalamic GHRH mRNA levels showed a reduction which appeared to increase with the dose and duration of treatment and became statistically significant after 8 days at doses > or = 200 micrograms/kg/day (p < 0.05). Pituitary GH mRNA levels were increased after 3 days at doses > or = 500 micrograms/kg/day (p < 0.05) but showed no significant change at all doses after 8 days. We conclude that glucocorticoid excess is associated with changes in the gene expression of GH, hypothalamic SS and GHRH, which vary with the dose and duration of glucocorticoid treatment. Glucocorticoids inhibit GH secretion in vivo through a reduction in hypothalamic GHRH gene expression and, in animals with shorter duration of glucocorticoid excess also through an increase in SS gene expression in the periventricular nucleus.
Allocating Assests in Climates of Extreme Risk - eScholarship (2011)

Working Paper # 2011 -02 Allocating Assets in Climates of Extreme Risk Stacy L. Cuffe, MSCI Lisa R. Goldberg, University of California Berkeley, MSCI University of California Berkeley
Validation of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide measurements made by the Halogen Occultation Experiment for UARS platform (1996)

The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) experiment on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) performs solar occultation (sunrise and sunset) measurements to infer the composition and structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Two of the HALOE channels, centered at 5.26 μm and 6.25 μm, are designed to infer concentrations of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide respectively. The NO measurements extend from the lower stratosphere up to 130 km, while the NO 2 results typically range from the lower stratosphere to 50 km and higher near the winter terminator. Comparison with results from various instruments are presented, including satellite‐, balloon‐, and ground‐based measurements. Both NO and NO 2 can show large percentage errors in the presence of heavy aerosol concentrations, confined to below 25 km and before 1993. The NO 2 measurements show mean differences with correlative measurements of about 10 to 15% over the middle stratosphere. The NO 2 precision is about 7.5 × 10 −13 atm, degrading to 2 × 10 −12 atm in the lower stratosphere. The NO differences are similar in the middle stratosphere but sometimes show a low bias (as much as 35%) between 30 and 60 km with some correlative measurements. NO precision when expressed in units of density is nearly constant at 1 × 10 −12 atmospheres, or approximately 0.1 ppbv at 10.0 mb or 1.0 ppbv at 1.0 mb, and so forth when expressed in mixing ratio. Above 65 km, agreement in the mean with Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) NO results is very good, typically ±15%. Model comparisons are also presented, showing good agreement with both expected morphology and diurnal behavior for both NO 2 and NO.
Electronic minibands in complex basis superlattices: a numerically stable calculation (2007)

A numerically stable method for accurately determining the energy minibands of superlattices with arbitrary numbers of layers per cell is presented. Using a graph model with tangent and secant functions, we derive a set of concise and closed-form miniband edge equations for determining the miniband structure using topology theory. With the present method, it is not necessary to calculate the cosine of the Bloch phase, which may show a numerical overflow in calculation. Numerical results show that use of the miniband edge equations has better numerical stability than traditional methods in calculating the minibands of complex basis superlattices.
Relaxation training and opioid inhibition of blood pressure response to stress. (1996)

The present study was designed to determine the role of endogenous opioid mechanisms in the circulatory effects of relaxation training. Opioid mechanisms were assessed by examination of the effects of opioid receptor blockade with naltrexone on acute cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress before and after relaxation training. Thirty-two young men with mildly elevated casual arterial pressure were recruited for placebo-controlled naltrexone stress tests and relaxation training. The results indicated that relaxation training significantly reduced the diastolic pressure response to mental arithmetic stress. Opioid receptor blockade with naltrexone antagonized the effects of relaxation training. These findings suggest that some of the physiological effects of relaxation training are mediated by augmentation of inhibitory opioid mechanisms.
Interactions of 5HT Reuptake Inhibitors and Ethanol in Tests of Exploration and Anxiety (1988)

Treatment with 5HT reuptake inhibitors has been shown to attenuate ethanol consumption in both animals and humans. These experiments investigate in mice the interactions of the 5HT reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine and the NA uptake inhibitor desipramine with ethanol in the holeboard test and the elevated plusmaze test of anxiety. Ethanol (2.4 g/kg) increased activity both in the holeboard and on the plusmaze, decreased both the number and duration of head-dips in the holeboard, and increased both the percentage time and percentage entries on to the open-arm of the plusmaze (reflecting its anxiolytic properties). On their own, the selective 5HT uptake inhibitors fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram and the NA uptake inhibitor desipramine (10-20 mg/kg) did not significantly alter any of the behavioral measures. The only consistent interaction was seen with fluoxetine which reduced ethanol's anxiolytic effects at the 20 mg/kg dose without altering ethanol's effects on exploration or locomotion. The results suggest that the attenuation of ethanol's anxiolytic properties by fluoxetine may not be serotonin related since other 5HT reuptake inhibitors did not show this effect at the doses used.
Iron-Catalyzed Polyethylene Chain Growth on Zinc: Linear α-Olefins with a Poisson Distribution This work was supported by BP plc. Dr. Gary Audley and Dr. Jane Boyle are thanked for GPC and NMR measurements, respectively. (2002)

Nicht nur hoch aktiv bei der Ethylenpolymerisation sind Bis(imino)pyridin-Eisen-Komplexe, sie katalysieren auch effizientes Kettenwachstum an Zinkzentren – formal eine eisenkatalysierte Aufbaureaktion am Zink (siehe Schema). Die erhaltenen Alkylketten können von den Zinkzentren durch eine Olefinaustauschreaktion verdrängt werden, die z. B. durch [Ni(acac)2] (acac=Acetylacetonat) katalysiert werden kann. Hierdurch wird ein Gemisch linearer α-Olefine mit einer Poisson-Verteilung erhalten.
Spurious acoustic modes in two-dimensional Fourier transform devices (1978)

Experiments conducted on two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform sensors using CdS films on z-cut LiNb03 show evidence for the presence of more than one acoustic velocity in the substrate. Pulsed experiments conducted with two transducers and detailed measurements of transducer frequency response confirm the presence of these additional modes. As a result, the Fourier transform of any image repeats itself in frequency space, the number of repetitions depending on the number of additional acoustic modes. The detrimental effects of these spurious modes can be eliminated entirely by suitable sampling of the image projected on the sensor.
Metal-Organic Frameworks for Oxygen-Enrichment of Air: Insights from Molecular Simulation. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
The Pressure wave Propagation Metod for the Analysis of Insulating Materials: Application to LDPE Used in HV Cables (1986)

In the field of electrical insulation, polymers are progressively replacing formerly used materials. When such an insulator is subjected to a voltage gradient, an internal space charge and a polarization develop, eventually reducing the apparent electrical strength of the material. We have applied the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method to the study of HV insulators, such as low density polyethylene (LDPE) used for HV cables. The spatial charge distribution is successively measured in samples subjected to various processes. The influence of additives in the development of a space charge under electric stress is directly shown. We have also observed that the nature of the electrode-iinsulator interface strongly affects the charge distribution throughout the insulator, and that charge injection from these interfaces occurs at much lower applied voltage gradients than previously assumed. The evolution in time of the charge distribution in samples submitted to voltage gradients, at 20 and 700C, is studied. These results show that an equilibrium is reached, from which the life expectancy of materials and cables can be evaluated.
Comparison of an EMG-based and a stress-based method to predict shoulder muscle forces (2014)

The estimation of muscle forces in musculoskeletal shoulder models is still controversial. Two different methods are widely used to solve the indeterminacy of the system: electromyography (EMG)-based methods and stress-based methods. The goal of this work was to evaluate the influence of these two methods on the prediction of muscle forces, glenohumeral load and joint stability after total shoulder arthroplasty. An EMG-based and a stress-based method were implemented into the same musculoskeletal shoulder model. The model replicated the glenohumeral joint after total shoulder arthroplasty. It contained the scapula, the humerus, the joint prosthesis, the rotator cuff muscles supraspinatus, subscapularis and infraspinatus and the middle, anterior and posterior deltoid muscles. A movement of abduction was simulated in the plane of the scapula. The EMG-based method replicated muscular activity of experimentally measured EMG. The stress-based method minimised a cost function based on muscle stresses. We compared muscle forces, joint reaction force, articular contact pressure and translation of the humeral head. The stress-based method predicted a lower force of the rotator cuff muscles. This was partly counter-balanced by a higher force of the middle part of the deltoid muscle. As a consequence, the stress-based method predicted a lower joint load (16% reduced) and a higher superior-inferior translation of the humeral head (increased by 1.2 mm). The EMG-based method has the advantage of replicating the observed cocontraction of stabilising muscles of the rotator cuff. This method is, however, limited to available EMG measurements. The stress-based method has thus an advantage of flexibility, but may overestimate glenohumeral subluxation.
Use of radiation control coatings to reduce ceiling heat flux in hot climates (1994)

Radiation control coatings are materials with minimum solar reflectance of 0.75 and minimum ambient temperature emittances of 0.75. Radiation control coatings are produced from exterior-grade, white paint by adding a substance to increase the solar reflectance. Twenty formulations of radiation control coatings, containing a variety of additives, were studied. Solar reflectances as high as 0.83 were measured for radiation control coatings containing TiO[sub 2] or glass microspheres. A small test unit was used to measure roof temperatures and ceiling fluxes. The test unit was used to measure roof temperatures as a function of roof angle for reflective and non-reflective coatings. The roof with a reflective coating had temperatures 25 to 30[degrees]C less than the roof with a non-reflective coating. The ceiling heat fluxes with the reflective coating were, therefore, much lower than those with a non-reflective coating. The building simulator [open quotes]BLAST[close quotes] was used to assess the annual benefit of using radiation control coatings on the roofs of buildings.
Improved Photoresist Patterning over Reflective Topographies Using Titanium Oxynitride Antireflection Coatings (1989)

The resolution and linewidth control of photoresist patterns over highly reflective substrates, such as aluminum and tantalum disilicide, are significantly improved by the use of reactive‐sputtered titanium oxynitride as an antireflection coating. The substrate reflectivities are reduced from over 85% to less than 25%, and when patterned with heavily dyed photoresist on a g‐line stepper, or undyed resist on an i‐line stepper, submicron resolutions over topography are demonstrated. The thicknesses can be selected to provide the maximum process latitude and antireflection, while still permitting stepper alignment. is easily etched in plasmas containing chlorine, thereby reproducing the photoresist patterns in the substrates with no extra plasma processing steps. The remaining can either be removed with the photoresist or left as a passivation layer, depending on the photoresist stripping conditions used.
Association of smoking but not HLA-DRB1*15:01, <i>APOE</i> or body mass index with brain atrophy in early multiple sclerosis (2018)

Smoking may have an unfavorable effect on the gray matter fraction as a potential measure of MS severity already in early MS. These findings may impact patients' counseling upon initial diagnosis of MS.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors selectively localized to the acrosomes of mammalian sperm. (1995)

Calcium flux is required for the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction, an exocytotic event triggered by egg binding, which results in a dramatic rise in sperm intracellular calcium. Calcium-dependent membrane fusion results in the release of enzymes that facilitate sperm penetration through the zona pellucida during fertilization. We have characterized inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-gated calcium channels and upstream components of the phosphoinositide signaling system in mammalian sperm. Peptide antibodies colocalized G alpha q/11 and the beta 1 isoform of phospholipase C (PLC beta 1) to the anterior acrosomal region of mouse sperm. Western blotting using a polyclonal antibody directed against purified brain IP3 receptor (IP3R) identified a specific 260 kD band in 1% Triton X-100 extracts of rat, hamster, mouse and dog sperm. In each species, IP3R immunostaining localized to the acrosome cap. Scatchard analysis of [3H]IP3 binding to rat sperm sonicates revealed a curvilinear plot with high affinity (Kd = 26 nM, Bmax = 30 pmol/mg) and low affinity (Kd = 1.6 microM, Bmax = 550 pmol/mg) binding sites, reflecting among the highest receptor densities in mammalian tissue. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the acrosomal localization in rat sperm. The IP3R fractionated with acrosomes by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation and was enriched in the medium of acrosome-reacted sperm. ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ loading of digitonin permeabilized rat sperm was decreased by 45% in the presence of 10 microM IP3. The IP3-mediated release of calcium was blocked by heparin. Thapsigargin, a sequiterpene lactone inhibitor of the microsomal Ca(2+)-ATPase, stimulated the acrosome reaction of mouse sperm to the same extent as the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. The failure of caffeine and ryanodine to affect calcium accumulation suggested that thapsigargin acted through an IP3-sensitive store. The presence of G alpha q/11, PLC beta 1 and a functional IP3R in the anterior acrosomal region of mammalian sperm, as well as thapsigargin's induction of the acrosome reaction, implicate IP3-gated calcium release in the mammalian acrosome reaction.
Familial dystonic choreoathetosis with myokymia; a sleep responsive disorder. (1991)

A family is presented with paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis transmitted as a dominant trait over five generations. The family is unusual in the marked responsiveness of the episodes to short periods of sleep in several members, in the very variable age of onset, and in the association with prominent myokymia in some cases. These overlap features suggest a link between paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis and familial paroxysmal ataxia with myokymia.
Results from baseline tests of the SPRE I and comparison with code model predictions (2003)

The space power research engine (SPRE), a free-piston Stirling engine with a linear alternator, is being tested as a candidate high-capacity power supply for space systems. Results of baseline engine tests at design and off-design operating conditions are presented. The test results are compared with HFAST code model predictions and show fairly good agreement. The trends in measured data generally follow the same trends as the code predictions. The code, however, does not account for effects of gas bearing flows and mass transport between volumes of the engine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A review of the pharmacology and toxicology ofAstragalus (1997)

Some Astragalus species are used as forage for livestock and wild animals. Many species are used in folk medicine for their hepatoprotective, antioxidative, immunostimulant, and antiviral properties, whereas others are toxic, and in many cases the toxic principles can pass to humans through milk and meat. Three groups of chemicals have been described as pharmacologically active principles: polysaccharides, saponins and phenolics. In addition, three kinds of toxic principles have been reported: indolizidine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds and selenium. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taking a Mental Stance Towards Artificial Systems (2009)

This paper argues that supervised cognitive growth in artifacts will be very difficult to achieve without detailed knowledge about systems ‟ internal states. Physical information is too low level to provide a useful understanding of a system‟s behavior, and it is more pragmatically useful to take a mental stance towards an artificial system and interpret its actions in terms of mental states. This mental stance is similar to Dennett‟s intentional stance, except the ascription of beliefs and rationality in the intentional stance is replaced by the attribution of low level mental states in the mental stance. In some cases it might also be useful to take a conscious stance towards an artificial system that interprets its behavior as the outcome of a conscious decision making process. Since most artifacts lack language, automatic analysis techniques have to be used to identify the contents of their minds, and the second half of this paper suggests how some of the earlier work of Aleksander and Atlas can be applied in this area.