gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future vision of globally harmonized national airspace system with concepts of operations beyond year 2020 (2003)

As laid out in the National Airspace Systems (NAS) Operational Evolution Plan (EOP), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the aviation community are planning to make significant investment in NAS improvements over the next ten years. These enhancements involve implementation of communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) technologies, and automation of ground systems in order to improve efficiency, safety, capacity and security. However, the mode of operations during this time frame is expected to continue as it is today. A number of research efforts are underway to consider significant changes to NAS operations beyond the OEP. This paper presents a vision of year 2020 and beyond based on a number of new paradigms that provides a globally harmonized service to conventional aircraft, uninhabited and space-launch vehicles. The key paradigms are: 1) a multi-faceted airport structure of well connected hubs, spoke, satellite and smaller airports; 2) multi-level CNS architecture for seamless and secured operations; 3) problem-free flight planning independent of look ahead times; 4) flexible sector boundaries based on equitable workload; and 5) a universal information service assuring uniformity and security of real time information to all stakeholders and service provider decision support systems (DSS). Potential make up of future air traffic is discussed including a significant number of non-scheduled flights such as on-demand service, charter, ravel club, fractional and short-haul intra-city operations. A concept of system wide information management (SWIM) that provides a virtual electronic collaboration space is described. The operational concepts fully support self-delivery and self-separation for appropriately equipped aircraft. New roles for service providers at national, regional and local air traffic
Liquid marbles: topical context within soft matter and recent progress (2015)

The study of particle stabilized interfaces has a long history in terms of emulsions, foams and related dry powders. The same underlying interfacial energy principles also allow hydrophobic particles to encapsulate individual droplets into a stable form as individual macroscopic objects, which have recently been called "Liquid Marbles". Here we discuss conceptual similarities to superhydrophobic surfaces, capillary origami, slippery liquids-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) and Leidenfrost droplets. We provide a review of recent progress on liquid marbles, since our earlier Emerging Area article (Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 5473-5481), and speculate on possible future directions from new liquid-infused liquid marbles to microarray applications. We highlight a range of properties of liquid marbles and describe applications including detecting changes in physical properties (e.g. pH, UV, NIR, temperature), use for gas sensing, synthesis of compounds/composites, blood typing and cell culture.
Tuberculosis in a Cohort of Southeast Asian Refugees: A Five-Year Surveillance Study (1988)

Morbidity caused by tuberculosis was determined in a cohort of 9,328 refugees from Southeast Asia during the first 5 yr after their immigration to the United States. The entire cohort was screened at the time of entry, and isoniazid preventive therapy was offered according to ATS-CDC guidelines. During the period of study, 25 cases of tuberculosis were reported from the cohort. The 5-yr cumulative incidence of tuberculosis (26.8 cases per 10,000 in the entire cohort) was greatest in tuberculin-positive refugees who had abnormal screening chest roentgenograms (324.3 cases per 10,000) and least in those with nonsignificant tuberculin reactions (5.0 cases per 10,000). The annual incidence of tuberculosis in the cohort decreased from an estimated 30.6 cases per 10,000 at the time of immigration to less than 5 cases per 10,000 during the fourth and fifth years. The prevalence of resistance to isoniazid was greater in culture-positive cases arising after immigration (7 of 22, 32%) than in those diagnosed at the time of immigration (5 of 36, 14%), probably because of a reduction in isoniazid-susceptible cases by isoniazid preventive therapy. Currently recommended screening and preventive services may be favorably impacting tuberculosis morbidity in newly arriving refugees from Southeast Asia.
Quantitative comparisons of the electroencephalographic stimulant effects of deanol, choline, and amphetamine (1963)

Quantitative electroencephalography is a sensitive method for assaying stimulant and depressant effects of drugs. This method was utilized to study the stimulant effect of deanol in rabbits and human subjects as compared with the efJect of amphetamine. Choline and placebo controls were applied. In both species, both deanol and amphetamine had statistically significant stimulant effects. In rabbits, deanol reversed the depressant effect of pentobarbital as did amphetamine. Amphetamine acted immediately but deanol acted only after a latent period. In humans, deanol did not show a significant latent period and appeared to act through mechanisms which can be acutely saturated.
5. Numerical Modeling for Electromagnetic Methods of Geophysics (1988)

With the development of accurate, flexible, and reliable digital field instruments, electrical methods of geophysics now are limited mainly by a lack of interpretation capability. Forward solutions for one-dimensional (1-D) (layered) models have been available for many years; they consist of Fourier or Bessel integrals, which can be easily evaluated numerically. Inverse solutions for 1-D models also have been used routinely for many years. However, calculating the response of a two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) model is much more difficult, except for certain simple geometries such as spheres or cylinders, where conductivity boundaries correspond to constant-coordinate surfaces. Advances in understanding and interpretation for electrical methods now depend on forward and inverse numerical solutions for arbitrary 2-D and 3-D models.
Effective SNR mapping for link error prediction in OFDM based systems (2007)

Multicarrier communication systems with adaptive modulation and coding systems such as OFDM are well suited for high speed and mobility oriented networks like mobile WIMAX that has to support users in different fading and mobility conditions. The channel estimation and link prediction are worked out at different levels. These estimators and predictors are normally examined using complex emulators and simulators. It is very difficult to predict the performance of different links with same SNR. There is a need to design simple link performance predictors. In this paper the BER and Pe are estimated using Effective Exponential SIR Mapping. This method is proved better than conventional methods used for prediction. The results are showed to be within the boundary conditions defined by chernoff union bound. The bound was developed for EESM mapping using mathematical model developed for BPSK under AWGN channel. The results are showed for different modulations order and different channel realizations.
CD20 positive T cell lymphoma: is it a real entity? (2004)

CD20+ T cell lymphoma is a rare condition that includes both precursor and peripheral T cell types. However, these cases may be mistaken for T cell marker positive B cell lymphoma, thus creating diagnostic problems with subsequent clinical implications. This report describes a unique case of nodal CD20+ T cell lymphoma with simultaneous cutaneous and subcutaneous involvement. Both nodal and cutaneous lymphomas demonstrated identical monoclonal bands in the T cell receptor rearrangement assay. However, no CD20 expression was demonstrated in the skin lesion. The instability of the CD20 antigen in this tumour may imply that CD20 is not an integral part of the tumour immunophenotype and probably plays no important role in its clinical course. Techniques to avoid misdiagnosis of this lymphoma are discussed.
The Procyclic Acidic Repetitive Proteins of Trypanosoma brucei (1989)

The procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) of Trypanosoma brucei was purified by cell fractionation followed by ion-exchange and concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. PARP is membrane-bound and comprises about 1% of the total procyclic trypanosome protein or 6 x 10(6) molecules per parasite. The results of NH2-terminal sequencing and amino acid analysis indicate that PARP is processed by removal of an N-terminal signal sequence and the hydrophobic COOH terminus. Metabolic labeling of PARP with [3H] ethanolamine is consistent with attachment of the protein to the membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The glycolipid can be removed by base hydrolysis or nitrous acid deamination but is not susceptible to bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.
On the response of a poro-elastic bed to water waves (1978)

The problem of the response of a porous elastic bed to water waves is treated analytically on the basis of the three-dimensional consolidation theory of Biot (1941). Exact solutions for the pore-water pressure and the displacements of the porous medium are obtained in closed form for the case of waves propagating over the poro-elastic bed. The theoretical results indicate that the bed response to waves is strongly dependent on the permeability k and the stiffness ratio G/K’ , where G is the shear modulus of the porous medium and K’ is the apparent bulk modulus of elasticity of the pore fluid. The earlier solutions for pore-water pressure by various authors are given as the limiting cases of the present solution. For the limits G/K′ → 0 or k → ∞, the present solution for pressure approaches the solution of the Laplace equation by Putnam (1949). For the limit G/K′ → ∞, the present solution approaches the solution of the heat conduction equation by Nakamura et al. (1973) and Moshagen & Tørum (1975). The theoretical results are compared with wave tank experimental data on pore-water pressure in coarse and fine sand beds which contain small amounts of air. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.
Analysis of Entropy Production Rates for Design of Distillation Columns (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Entropy Production Rates for Design of Distillation ColumnsSigne Kjelstrup Ratkje, Erik Sauar, Ellen Marie Hansen, Kristian M. Lien, and Bjorn HafskjoldCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 9, 3001–3007Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00048a011Request reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (799 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimating Laplacian parameters of DCT coefficients for requantization in the transcoding of MPEG-2 video (2002)

This paper addresses the bit-rate reduction of MPEG-2 compressed video and presents a method to reduce requantization errors in transcoding. The proposed method assumes Laplacian distributions for the original AC coefficients of the DCT. A Laplacian parameter for each coefficient is estimated at the transcoder from the quantized input DCT coefficients. These parameters are then used in requantization to improve the quality of the transcoded video. The algorithm provided in this paper to estimate the Laplacian parameters of the original DCT coefficients is simple to implement and may be adapted to other DCT-based coding schemes.
ACOUSTIC BLACK HOLES A NEW APPROACH TO VIBRATION DAMPING IN LIGHT-WEIGHT STRUCTURES (2023)

‘Acoustic black holes’ have been introduced and investigated mainly during the last decade. They can absorb almost 100% of the incident wave energy, which makes them attractive for vibration damping and sound absorption. The main principle of the ‘acoustic black hole effect’ is based on a gradual power-law-type decrease in velocity of the incident wave with propagation distance, linear or faster, to almost zero, which should be accompanied by efficient energy absorption using the attached highly absorbing materials. So far, this effect has been investigated mainly for flexural waves in thin plates for which the required gradual reduction in wave velocity with distance can be easily achieved by changing the plate local thickness according to a power law, with the power-law exponent being equal or larger than two. The key advantage of using the acoustic black hole effect for damping structural vibrations is that it requires very small amounts of added damping materials, in comparison with traditional methods, which is especially important for vibration damping in light-weight structures used in aeronautical and automotive applications. The present paper provides a brief review of the theory of acoustic black holes and of the recent experimental work carried out at Loughborough University on damping structural vibrations using the acoustic black hole effect. Experimental investigations have been carried out on a variety of plate-like and beam-like structures containing one- and two-dimensional acoustic black holes. The results of the experimental investigations demonstrate that in all of the above-mentioned cases the efficiency of vibration damping based on the acoustic black hole effect is substantially higher than that achieved by traditional methods.
Determination of thiols by gas purge microsyringe extraction coupled with chemical derivatization by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection with mass spectrometry identification (2018)

A new fluorescence labeling reagent 1-(4-(1 H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1 H-pyrrole-5-dione (PIPD) used for the sensitive determination of thiols in food samples has been successfully prepared. Thiols were extracted by a gas purge microsyringe extraction (GP-MSE) device. The derivatization of PIPD with thiols could be finished within 10 minutes at 35 °C in weak alkaline condition, and the corresponding derivatives showed excellent fluorescence properties with excitation and emission wavelengths of 264 nm and 396 nm, respectively. The eight thiol derivatives could be easily separated on normal reversed phase column because of the introduction of highly hydrophobic PIPD unit into the target analytes. It is the first time that GP-MSE has been applied to the extraction of a wide range of thiols in food samples with only a small amount of methanol (0.5 mL) needed. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.19–0.98 µg/kg, while the recoveries were in the range of 85.6%–97.1% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 4.98%. Good linearities were observed for all analytes with correlation coefficients of higher than >0.9995.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Transforming growth factor B and hepatic fibrosis: Cause or effect? (1991)

Background. Cirrhosis is a diffuse process of hepatic fibrosis and regenerative nodule formation of unknown pathogenesis. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 induces the production of extracellular matrix proteins by liver cells and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in laboratory animals. TGFα is a hepatocyte mitogen that participates in liver regeneration. Methods. Using Northern blot analysis, we studied the expression of TGFβ1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in liver specimens from 42 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis and 12 subjects with either normal or fatty livers. The results were correlated with measurements of procollagen Type I mRNA in liver tissue, procollagen Type III peptide in serum, and the degree of histologic injury. We also investigated whether TGFα mRNA would be detectable in biopsy specimens of livers with proliferative activity. Results. TGFβ1 mRNA expression correlated closely with the expression of procollagen Type I mRNA (r = 0.94) and serum procollagen Type III peptide (r = 0.89) and with the histologic activity index (r = 0.73). All patients with increased fibrogenic activity (serum procollagen Type III peptide level, > 11.9 μg per liter) had increased levels of TGFβ1 mRNA (2 to 14 times the levels in the control group or in patients with normal fibrogenic activity), and both TGFα and H3 histone (a marker of DNA synthesis) mRNAs were detectable in patients with regenerative nodules. Six of eight patients with hepatitis C treated with interferon alfa for one year had sustained clinical responses with normalization of serum procollagen Type III peptide and aminotransferase activity. All these patients had normal levels of TGFβ1 mRNA in liver specimens obtained at the end of the year. Conclusions. TGFβ1 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease, and TGFα expression may be associated with liver regeneration in these patients.
Study on principal refractive indices of the ferroelectric single crystal 0.62Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.38PbTiO3 (2003)

The refractive indices and their dispersions in 0.62Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/ 3)O 3-0.38PbTiO3(PMNT62/38)single crystals were accurately mea sured with the min imum deviation method at 20℃.The parameters of modified Sellmeier's equation fo r both no and ne are obtained.We relate the refractive ind ices to energy-ban d structure of oxygen-octahedron ferroelectrics and the Sellmeier optical coeffi cients,E0=5.50eV,λ0=0.226μm，Ｓ０=1.004×1014m-2 and Ed=28 .10eV for n0 and Ｅ0=5.57eV,λ0=0.223μm，S0=1.017×1014m-2 and Ed=28.10eV for ne were obtained through fitting the si ngle-term oscillat or equation.For materials with ABO3 perovskite structure,the octahedr al BO6 unit governs the lower lying conduction bands and the upper valence bands and ma kes a substantial contribution to the refractive indices.
Is Kurtosis Really “Peakedness?” (1970)

Abstract Kurtosis is best described not as a measure of peakedness versus flatness, as in most texts, but as a measure of unimodality versus bimodality.
<title>Use of subcarrier multiplexing/multiple access for multipoint connections in all-optical networks</title> (1995)

The use of subcarrier multiplexing/multiple access (SCM/SCMA) is a simple and cost effective alternative to time division multiplexing/multiple access (TDM/TDMA) for creating multipoint connections in lightwave networks. The SCM/SCMA technique can be used in all- optical networks to produce a significant increase in throughput and connectivity. However, when the signals from two or more lasers operating in a WDM/SCM system are combined at a detector, optical beat interference (OBI) occurring at a frequency equal to the difference in optical frequencies of the lasers can potentially severely interfere with the information being transmitted. Thus, to achieve satisfactory performance, the optical carriers must have the correct spacing, their individual wavelengths must be precisely controlled and the subcarrier frequencies carefully selected to minimize OBI. Our experimental work focuses in studying the OBI and its effect as the optical carriers are moved closer in frequency. Our results provide the minimum spacing needed to achieve a 10<SUP>-9</SUP> Bit Error Rate at both 3 Mbps and 200 Mbps. We also discuss an interesting application for the above scheme on the Optical Network Technology Consortium's all-optical testbed.
Genesis of the <i>ILT/LIR/MIR</i> clusters within the human leukocyte receptor complex (2001)

The human leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) contains at least 26 genes which belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily The genes include two clusters of immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)/leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR)/monocyte-macrophage inhibitory receptor (MIR) loci, a cluster of killer cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) genes, two leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor genes, as well as the Fc receptor for IgA and the natural cytotoxicity receptor I loci. It has already been postulated that these genes have evolved by multiple duplications, while the two ILT clusters are likely to have been generated by the inverse duplication of an ancient ILT cluster. To shed more light on the possible origin of the loci within the LRC, we have now investigated the presence of KIR and ILT loci in a variety of vertebrates by hybridizations and compared the genomic sequences of all ILT genes. Our results lead to the following conclusions: 1) the origin of KIR genes dates back to about 100 million years, but only primate and human KIRs are closely related; 2) in contrast, genes which are detectable with human ILT cDNAs are already found in birds, suggesting their presence already about 300 million years ago. Using the sequence data produced by the human genome project, we have developed a hypothesis that reconstructs the genesis of the two human ILT clusters in detail which will help to understand the function of the LRC.
Transoceanic telephone service-general aspects (1930)

The extent of transatlantic telephone service and its growth since its inception in 1927 are outlined in this paper. It is pointed out that at the present time 85 per cent of the world's telephones are included in the area served and about 50 calls are made per business day. Analysis is given of the calls with respect to distribution by countries, by time of day, and by kind of message. The volume of calls, the rates, and a general indication of the quality of transmission are given. Plans for future extensions of the service are outlined.
Myosin Phosphatase Target Subunit 1 (MYPT1) Regulates the Contraction and Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Maintains Blood Pressure (2014)

Myosin light chain phosphatase with its regulatory subunit, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) modulates Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain by myosin light chain kinase, which is essential for smooth muscle contraction. The role of MYPT1 in vascular smooth muscle was investigated in adult MYPT1 smooth muscle specific knock-out mice. MYPT1 deletion enhanced phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain and contractile force in isolated mesenteric arteries treated with KCl and various vascular agonists. The contractile responses of arteries from knock-out mice to norepinephrine were inhibited by Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and protein kinase C inhibitors and were associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of the myosin light chain phosphatase inhibitor CPI-17. Additionally, stimulation of the NO/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway still resulted in relaxation of MYPT1-deficient mesenteric arteries, indicating phosphorylation of MYPT1 by PKG is not a major contributor to the relaxation response. Thus, MYPT1 enhances myosin light chain phosphatase activity sufficient for blood pressure maintenance. Rho-associated kinase phosphorylation of CPI-17 plays a significant role in enhancing vascular contractile responses, whereas phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling module is not necessary for relaxation.