gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electropolymerised platinum porphyrin polymers for dissolved oxygen sensing (1999)

Fast response optical sensors for oxygen, based on luminescent electropolymerised porphyrin polymers, are described. The sensitivity of the electropolymerised polymers for oxygen detection was found to be dependent on the potential at which the polymers were formed. Results are presented for polymers formed at two different oxidation potentials and for two platinum porphyrins: Pt tetraphenylporphyrin (Pt-TPP) and Pt octaethylporphyrin (Pt-OEP). Sensitivities of the poly-Pt-TPP and poly-Pt-OEP films to dissolved oxygen, given by the Stern–Volmer quenching coefficients, were obtained from luminescence lifetime measurements and were 1.12 (mg l–1)–1 and 2.07 (mg l–1)–1, respectively. The response time, which was determined from luminescence intensity measurements, for the poly-Pt-OEP to a step change in oxygen concentration of 4.3 mg l–1 to 38.6 mg l–1 was 8 ms. The limit of detection obtained for the Pt-OEP based sensor was 0.06 mg l–1.
GaInAsP dual wavelength laser (1988)

The fabrication and performance characteristics of a dual wavelength laser emitting near 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm are described. The lasers are of the etched mesa buried heterostructure type, and utilise semi-insulating InP layers both for lateral optical confinement and current confinement. The 1.55 μm emission is at a single wavelength by virtue of the frequency selective feedback provided by a grating etched on the substrate. The lasers have threshold currents in the 20 to 40 mA range, and have quantum efficiencies comparable to single emitter lasers.
A Significance Test for One Parameter Isosensitivity Functions (1967)

A large-sample test for the significance of the difference between two detection data points is developed based upon the assumptions of a one-parameter signal detectability model. In essence, the null hypothesis tested is that two observed data points belong to the same d′ function.
3D-Tissue Model for Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infections (2013)

Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes the most common skin disease. Various test systems have been established to recapitulate this cyclical pathway of productive infection, latency, and reactivation. Most studies of latency and reactivation are conducted in animal models. However, the small number of neurons which harbor the viral genome, the complexity of the in vivo setting, and ethical constraints place limits on animal studies. So far, no in vitro model which resembles natural latency exists. Here, we describe the first in vitro HSV-1 infection model based on a human skin equivalent. The 3D infection model is generated using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT grown on a collagen substrate containing human primary fibroblasts and in addition a quiescently HSV-1 infected neuronal component.
Micromagnetics on Stripe Domain Films. I. Critical Cases (1966)

A micromagnetic calculation was made in order to estimate the width of the stripe domains in a magnetic thin film with a perpendicular anisotropy, which drives the magnetization out of the plane. The rotation of spins from the average magnetization, not only out of plane (similar to the µ * correction) but also in the plane (similar lo the closure domain), was taken into consideration. The rotating angles in both senses were assumed to be functions of the depth from the film surface and of the position across the stripe domain. They were determined so as to satisfy a set of Euler's equations, and solved numerically and also semi-analytically. The results are in good agreement with the experiments by Saito et al. .
Dynamic tuning of an optical resonator through MEMS-driven coupled photonic crystal nanocavities (2010)

We present dynamic tuning of optical resonance using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-driven coupled photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities. The device consists of an air-suspended one-dimensional PhC nanocavity coupled to input and output waveguides and a perturbing nanocavity attached to a submicrometer MEMS comb drive. Resonance tuning is achieved through varying the gap between the two coupled cavities. We demonstrate experimentally that resonance can be tuned up to 8nm with no significant deterioration in the Q factor. The proposed mechanism potentially enables a new platform of on-chip photonic devices that can achieve a large tuning range with low power and small footprint and may find useful applications in tunable optical/photonic devices.
Terahertz radiation from coherent antiferromagnetic magnons excited by circularly polarized laser pulses (2010)

We have observed terahertz radiation from coherent antiferromagnetic magnons excited by circularly polarized laser pulses. The polarity of the magnons is reversed by switching the helicity of the circular polarization. Inverse Faraday effect is a possible mechanism of the coherent magnon excitation.
Thermally induced stresses and rapid temperature changes in teeth (1972)

Abstract The central theme of this paper revolves about an attempt to provide information and ideas that might be useful to persons interested in cryogenic dental procedures. However, a broad spectrum of thermal properties is also considered. For convenience a summary table is given for pertinent thermal and mechanical properties of dental materials. A point demonstrated is that observations which are of direct empirical utility to dentists often can be enhanced in value if viewed in terms of simple analytical models. For example, a tooth can be expected to be somewhere between a sphere and a long rod in its cooling or heating characteristics. The importance of the thermal diffusivity rather than thermal conductivity in transient phenomena is discussed. Some graphical techniques that circumvent mathematical difficulties are developed in detail. An isolated extracted tooth in contact with a coolant approaches to within 98% of its final temperature in less than 1 min but in the jaw, in contact with a cold (or hot) probe, the equilibration will take much longer. Thermally generated stresses, either due to differences in expansivities of the dentin and enamel or to large temperature gradients across a single component, can be quite large (comparable to the reported tensile strength, 9.3 MN/m 2 for enamel) at cryogenic temperatures. Our observations and analysis make us believe that the reported strength of 9.3 MN/m 2 is too low by at least an order of magnitude.
Fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended graphene probed with two-terminal measurements (2010)

Recently, fractional quantization of two-terminal conductance was reported in suspended graphene. The quantization, which was clearly visible in fields as low as 2 T and persistent up to 20 K in 12 T, was attributed to the formation of an incompressible fractional quantum Hall state. Here, we argue that the failure of earlier experiments to detect the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect with a Hall-bar lead geometry is a consequence of the invasive character of voltage probes in mesoscopic samples, which are easily shorted out owing to the formation of hot spots near the edges of the sample. This conclusion is supported by a detailed comparison with a solvable transport model. We also consider, and rule out, an alternative interpretation of the quantization in terms of the formation of a p-n-p junction, which could result from contact doping or density inhomogeneity. Finally, we discuss the estimate of the quasi-particle gap of the quantum Hall state. The gap value, obtained from the transport data using a conformal mapping technique, is considerably larger than in GaAs-based two-dimensional electron systems, reflecting the stronger Coulomb interactions in graphene.
The Language of Sex: An A to Z Guide (1992)

This guide to contemporary sexuality and issues of sexual expression is organized alphabetically and also incorporates explanations of terms. It covers medical conditions/diseases, biological terms/sexual practices, drugs, sexual devices, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases, anatomical terms, body organs and processes, explanations of sex-related treatments, surgery and more. The book is intended to be of use to both the lay and the professional reader.
A light-scattering technique for investigating the destruction of ultrasound contrast agents (2002)

A technique that utilizes light-scattering from a low-powered laser to probe ultrasound contrast agents is described. A He-Ne laser illuminates the focal zone of a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) source operating at 1.1 MHz. A focusing lens is used to collect the scattered light from bubbles in the focal region, focusing the scattered light onto a photodetector. During application of the HIFU source, the bubbles oscillate, and the resulting fluctuation in the light-scattering signal is detected by the photodetector. Measurements of the light fluctuation can be correlated with bubble activity, especially inertial cavitation. A description of the technique, and preliminary results of measurements with ultrasound contrast agents are shown.
035. Circadian rhythms and the early life programming of adult physiological systems (2005)

We are all familiar with the idea that the external environment influences many diverse physiological systems. For example, the level of nutrition can not only influence adult health directly, but also fetal development and subsequently many adult functions in the offspring. Maternal stress can affect fetal outcomes as can the administration of drugs during pregnancy. Until recently, however, the daily changes in environmental light have been considered to really only influence the time that we sleep and in many other species the optimal time to mate. The impact of circadian rhythms on life trajectory has had little attention. In the last 5 years it has become clear that circadian rhythmicity is entrenched in virtually every cell of our bodies. A suite of clock gene transcription factors that include Clock, Bmal1 and the period and cryptochrome genes, generate a robust daily cycle of transcription and translation of hundreds of proteins. This cellular clock system is synchronised with the external photoperiod through retinal light perception, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and neural and hormonal pathways. Most importantly when the clock system in peripheral tissues is disrupted, a growing list of detrimental consequences are being uncovered. As an example, mice with mutations in either Clock or Bmal1 have non-rhythmic peripheral tissues and exhibit mild to severe reproductive failure and metabolic dysfunction. Null per2 mice have a higher incidence of salivary gland hyperplasia, teratomas and increased susceptibility to radiation induced lymphomas. It is also apparent that intrauterine insults (e.g. cocaine administration, poor nutrition and stress) can have long term effects on the central circadian timing system in the SCN. Whether this involves alterations in neural development or gene function is not known. Nevertheless it is time we paid more attention to the temporal nature of our environment as a possible contributor to lifetime disorders and diseases.
Involvement of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in protective immunity against murine blood‐stage infection with <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> 17XL strain (2010)

When developing malaria vaccines, the most crucial step is to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protective immunity against the parasites. We found that CD8(+) T cells contribute to protective immunity against infection with blood-stage parasites of Plasmodium yoelii. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with P. yoelii 17XL was lethal, while all mice infected with a low-virulence strain of the parasite 17XNL acquired complete resistance against re-infection with P. yoelii 17XL. However, the host mice transferred with CD8(+) T cells from mice primed only with P. yoelii 17XNL failed to acquire protective immunity. On the other hand, the irradiated host mice were completely resistant to P. yoelii 17XL infection, showing no grade of parasitemia when adoptively transferred with CD8(+) T cells from immune mice that survived infection with both P. yoelii XNL and, subsequently, P. yoelii 17XL. These protective CD8(+) T cells from immune WT mice had the potential to generate IFN-gamma, perforin (PFN) and granzyme B. When mice deficient in IFN-gamma were used as donor mice for CD8(+) T cells, protective immunity in the host mice was fully abrogated, and the immunity was profoundly attenuated in PFN-deficient mice. Thus, CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma and PFN appear to be involved in protective immunity against infection with blood-stage malaria.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in calcium-deprived T51B liver cells by the tumor promoters phenobarbital, saccharin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. (1980)

Extracellular calcium deprivation arrested the proliferative development of T51B rat liver cells in late G1 or S phases. These arrested cells initiated DNA synthesis within an hr after addition of calcium or a tumor promoter such as phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, phenobarbital, saccharin, or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Nonpromoting relatives of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate such as phorbol, 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate were unable significantly to induce the calcium-deprived cells to initiate DNA synthesis. It is suggested that an ability to elicit a prompt DNA-synthetic response from calcium-deprived cells might be a useful in vitro indicator of tumor-promoting potential.
A Method of Enhancing Regeneration of Conventionally Repaired Peripheral Nerves (1995)

The effect of axoplasmic fluid injection on regeneration of conventionally repaired nerve was studied. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were studied in two experimental groups: immediate nerve repair (Group 1A, no axoplasm; Group 1B, axoplasm injection) and delayed nerve repair (Group 2A, no axoplasm; Group 2B, axoplasm injection group). A total of 40 sciatic nerve repairs were performed. After epineurial nerve repair, axoplasmic fluid collected from the proximal and distal nerve stumps was injected under epineurium proximally and distally to the anastomotic site. In the two control groups (immediate nerve repair and delayed nerve repair, both without axoplasm), 0.9% saline was injected in a similar way. Nerve regeneration was assessed by measuring hair and nail growth, plantar and dorsal foot temperature, muscle atrophy, and the toe spread test. In the 3- and 6-month follow-up periods, nerve samples were taken for histological evaluation. Specimens were stained with toluidine blue, and 50% of the nerve cross-section area was counted from microphotographic reconstructions. After immediate repair in Group 1, axoplasmic fluid-treated animals showed a 27% increase in the number of myelinated axons at 3 months when compared with saline-treated controls (3,768 vs. 2,962 +/- 1,921 SD). After delayed repair in Group 2, a 32% increase in myelination axon counts was detected at 3 months in axoplasm-treated animals compared with saline-injected controls (1,040 +/- 684 SD vs. 786 +/- 389 SD). In addition, a positive toe spread test result was seen at 6 months in the axoplasmic fluid-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metal carbonyl chemistry. Part XXIII. Dichlorocarbene formation during the reactions of octacarbonyldicobalt with chlorinated hydrocarbons (1975)

Trapping experiments uing cyclohexene have demonstrated the intermediate formation of dichlorocarbene in the reactions of Octacarbonyldicobalt with the compounds CXCl3(X = Cl or Br) or CBr2Cl2 in hexane solvent which give [ClCCo3(CO)9] as the major product. Evidence is also presented for the formation of radical intermediates during these reactions, and the mechanism of formation of the cobalt clustercompound is discussed in the light of these findings.
Sequential interference cancellation system applying to wideband CDMA systems (2002)

This paper considers an interference canceller system (ICS) consisting of tandem/sequential cancellation for DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) and its traffic capacity. The ICS receiver consists of coherent detection with a pilot channel to momentarily estimate the amplitude and phase of the propagation path. The analysis is conducted to obtain the conditional distribution function between each stage of the ICS. The analysis results clarify that the number of simultaneous multiple random access subscribers is 40 using a five stage ICS when the spreading ratio is 64.
45.3: Micro‐structured Polymeric Linearly Polarized Light Emitting Lightguide for LCD Illumination (2002)

Abstract A new linearly polarized light emitting lightguide system is presented, consisting of a micro‐structured anisotropic polymer film which is coated with an isotropic layer and adhered to a transparent polymeric substrate. With conventional edge‐lighting of the lightguide very high polarized contrasts are realized, exceeding 100. A gain in efficiency can be achieved by recycling of the trapped light with the orthogonal polarization.
Introduction (1982)

When Brooks Atkinson left his position in 1960 after thirty-five years as drama critic for the New York Times, he left behind a legacy of outstanding journalism. He was called 'the most respected, most influential and perhaps the most quoted drama critic in the United States'. His high standards of theatrical reporting influenced numerous writers, including many of his own colleagues on rival newspapers. Scholars and literary historians interested in modern drama have since discovered his past reviews to be an unlimited source of perceptive insights into the history and development of New York theatre and twentieth-century drama.KeywordsLiterary HistorianDrama CriticismUnlimited SourcePast ReviewPulitzer PrizeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The First Silicon‐Based Cationic Clathrate III with High Thermal Stability: Si<sub>172−<i>x</i></sub>P<sub><i>x</i></sub>Te<sub><i>y</i></sub> (<i>x</i>=2<i>y, y</i>>20) (2008)

A new representative of a very rare clathrate III family, Si130P42Te21, has been synthesized from the elements. It crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4(2)/mnm (no. 136) with the unit cell parameters a=19.2632(3) angstroms, c=10.0706(2) angstroms. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and solid state 31P NMR revealed a non-random distribution of phosphorus atoms over the framework positions. The crystal structure features a peculiar packing of large polyhedra Te@(Si/P)(n) never observed before for cationic clathrates. Despite the structural complexity, the composition of the novel clathrate Is in accordance with the Zintl rule, which was confirmed by a combination of optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXS), as well as by diamagnetic and semiconducting behavior of the synthesized phase. Clathrate Si130P42Te21 exhibits the highest reported thermal stability for this class of materials, it decomposes at 1510 K. This opens new perspectives for the creation of clathrate-based materials for high-temperature applications.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of CCX282-B, an Orally-Administered Blocker of Chemokine Receptor CCR9, for Patients with Crohn’s Disease (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00306215.
Two components of an extracellular protein aggregate of Clostridium thermocellum together degrade crystalline cellulose (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo components of an extracellular protein aggregate of Clostridium thermocellum together degrade crystalline celluloseJ. H. David Wu, William H. Orme-Johnson, and Arnold L. DemainCite this: Biochemistry 1988, 27, 5, 1703–1709Publication Date (Print):March 8, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00405a048https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00405a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Potential New HIV Protease Inhibitors: Enantioconvergent Synthesis of New Pyrrolidin‐3‐ol, and Pyrrolidin‐3‐one Peptide Conjugates. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IL-10 Induces T Cell Exhaustion During Transplantation of Virus Infected Hearts (2016)

Background/Aims: Unexpected transmissions of viral pathogens during solid organ transplantation (SOT) can result in severe, life-threatening diseases in transplant recipients. Immune activation contributes to disease onset. However mechanisms balancing the immune response against transmitted viral infection through organ transplantation remain unknown. Methods & Results: Here we found, using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), that transplantation of LCMV infected hearts led to exhaustion of virus specific CD8+ T cells, viral persistence in organs and survival of graft and recipient. Genetic depletion of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) resulted in strong immune activation, graft dysfunction and death of mice, suggesting that IL-10 was a major regulator of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during SOT. In the presence of memory CD8+ T cells, virus could be controlled. However sufficient antiviral immune response resulted in acute rejection of transplanted heart. Conclusion: We found that virus transmitted via SOT could not be controlled by naïve mice recipients due to IL-10 mediated CD8+ T cell exhaustion which thereby prevented immunopathology and graft failure whereas memory mice recipients were able to control the virus and induced graft failure.