gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tools for Teaching Climate Change Studies (2005)

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility (ACRF) develops public outreach materials and educational resources for schools. Studies prove that science education in rural and indigenous communities improves when educators integrate regional knowledge of climate and environmental issues into school curriculum and public outreach materials. In order to promote understanding of ACRF climate change studies, ACRF Education and Outreach has developed interactive kiosks about climate change for host communities close to the research sites. A kiosk for the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) community was installed at the Iupiat Heritage Center in 2003, and a kiosk for the Tropical Western Pacific locales will be installed in 2005. The kiosks feature interviews with local community elders, regional agency officials, and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program scientists, which highlight both research and local observations of some aspects of environmental and climatic change in the Arctic and Pacific. The kiosks offer viewers a unique opportunity to learn about the environmental concerns and knowledge of respected community elders, and to also understand state-of-the-art climate research. An archive of interviews from the communities will also be distributed with supplemental lessons and activities to encourage teachers and students to compare and contrast climate change studies and oral history observations from two distinct locations. The U.S. Department of Energy's ACRF supports education and outreach efforts for communities and schools located near its sites. ACRF Education and Outreach has developed interactive kiosks at the request of the communities to provide an opportunity for the public to learn about climate change from both scientific and indigenous perspectives. Kiosks include interviews with ARM scientists and provide users with basic information about climate change studies as well as interviews with elders and community leaders discussing the impacts of climate change on land, sea, and other aspects of village life.
Resource reservation agents in the Internet (1998)

We present an architecture where clients can make resource reservations through agents. For each domain in the network, thereisan agent responsible for admission control. The architecture provides scalable resource reservations for uni-directional virtual leased lines. Reservations from di#erent sources to the same destination are aggregated as their paths merge toward the destination. When thereare su#cient resources in a destination domain, pre#x aggregation is performed. Thus, all reservations for a given destination domain are aggregated as their paths merge. Agents areresponsible for setting up police points at edges for checking commitments. 1 Introduction We are designing a resource reservation architecture where clients make admission requests through agents #3,4,5#. For each routing domain in the network there is an agent responsible for admission control. Each agent knows the topology and static link resources in its domain ##gure1#. The agent is an end-system that is con#g...
Fracturing Fluid Interactions With Formation Minerals and Their Subsequent Effect on Formation Permeability (1995)

ABSTRACT The selection process of hydraulic fracturing fluids for oil and gas well stimulation applications largely ignores interactions of the stimulation filtrate and the broken stimulation fluid with formation minerals. Fluid interactions with formation minerals may have a significant influence on formation permeability and subsequent well production. Laboratory formation core regain permeability studies, subsequent to the injection of both low and high pH fluids, were conducted to measure fluid effect on core permeability. Results of these tests indicate that both the rock mineralogy and the pore system morphology are affected by contact of the rock with filtrate from the injection of an unbroken stimulation system into the formation. Formation permeability after treatment with stimulation fluid can be significantly influenced by formation-injection fluid interactions. Studies have demonstrated that, depending on the specific formation mineralogy, post-injection permeability may be increased by low pH systems only, by high pH systems only, or by either low or high pH systems. The focus of this paper is to identify specific formation minerals which may potentially be affected by contact with fracturing fluid filtrate and broken fracturing fluid and to relate increases in formation permeability to resultant fluid-rock interactions. Mechanisms of fluid-formation interactions and chemical reactions are presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart: a review of the experience in 172 subjects. (1985)

Gated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to evaluate central cardiovascular anatomy in 172 subjects, 31 of whom were healthy volunteers. Using the spin-echo technique, images of diagnostic quality were obtained in 93% of cases with TE = 28 msec and in 65% of cases with TE = 56 msec. Transverse multisection sequences encompassing most of the left ventricle required approximately 6-8 minutes. Corroborative studies were available in 134 of 141 patients who had cardiovascular disease; two dimensional echocardiograms and angiography in 133 and 100 patients, respectively. Gated MR demonstrated the wall thinning and complications caused by prior myocardial infarctions and high signal intensity of the myocardium at the site of acute myocardial infarctions. MR accurately demonstrated anatomic abnormalities owing to hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies, congenital abnormalities of the heart and great vessels, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac and paracardiac masses. Depiction of cardiovascular anatomy and pathoanatomy was attained without the use of any contrast media. Consequently, gated MR is an effective technique for cardiac diagnosis. The short time required for tomographic examination of the entire heart using the multisection technique renders this a practical cardiac imaging modality.
Impact of T <sub>h</sub> 1 CD4 Follicular Helper T Cell Skewing on Antibody Responses to an HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques (2019)

Generating durable humoral immunity through vaccination depends upon effective interactions of follicular helper T (T<sub>fh</sub>) cells with germinal center (GC) B cells. T<sub>h</sub>1 polarization of T<sub>fh</sub> cells is an important process shaping the success of T<sub>fh</sub>-GC B cell interactions by influencing costimulatory and cytokine-dependent T<sub>fh</sub> help to B cells. However, the question remains as to whether adjuvant-dependent modulation of T<sub>fh</sub> cells enhances HIV-1 vaccine-induced antienvelope (anti-Env) antibody responses. We investigated whether an HIV-1 vaccine platform designed to increase the number of T<sub>h</sub>1-polarized T<sub>fh</sub> cells enhances the magnitude and quality of anti-Env antibodies. Utilizing a novel interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10)-adjuvanted HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21 (MPLA+QS-21)-adjuvanted Env protein boost (D<sub>IP-10</sub> P<sub>ALFQ</sub>) in macaques, we observed higher anti-Env serum IgG titers with greater cross-clade reactivity, specificity for V1V2, and effector functions than in macaques primed with DNA lacking IP-10 and boosted with MPLA-plus-alum-adjuvanted Env protein (DP<sub>ALFA</sub>) The D<sub>IP-10</sub> P<sub>ALFQ</sub> vaccine regimen elicited higher anti-Env IgG1 and lower IgG4 antibody levels in serum, showing for the first time that adjuvants can dramatically impact the IgG subclass profile in macaques. The D<sub>IP-10</sub> P<sub>ALFQ</sub> regimen also increased vaginal and rectal IgA antibodies to a greater extent. Within lymph nodes, we observed augmented GC B cell responses and the promotion of T<sub>h</sub>1 gene expression profiles in GC T<sub>fh</sub> cells. The frequency of GC T<sub>fh</sub> cells correlated with both the magnitude and avidity of anti-Env serum IgG. Together, these data suggest that adjuvant-induced stimulation of T<sub>h</sub>1-T<sub>fh</sub> cells is an effective strategy for enhancing the magnitude and quality of anti-Env antibody responses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The results of the RV144 trial demonstrated that vaccination could prevent HIV transmission in humans and that longevity of anti-Env antibodies may be key to this protection. Efforts to improve upon the prime-boost vaccine regimen used in RV144 have indicated that booster immunizations can increase serum anti-Env antibody titers but only transiently. Poor antibody durability hampers efforts to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine. This study was designed to identify the specific elements involved in the immunological mechanism necessary to produce robust HIV-1-specific antibodies in rhesus macaques. By clearly defining immune-mediated pathways that improve the magnitude and functionality of the anti-HIV-1 antibody response, we will have the foundation necessary for the rational development of an HIV-1 vaccine.
Intra-abdominal Adiposity and Individual Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescence (2008)

Our results suggest that, already in adolescence, accumulation of IAF may promote development of the MS, affecting the metabolic and inflammatory components similarly in both sexes but influencing BP adversely only in males. The latter may be attributed, in part, to the augmentation of sympathetic activity also seen only in males.
Erratum: A two-qubit photonic quantum processor and its application to solving systems of linear equations (2017)

Scientific Reports 4: Article number: 6115; published online: 19 August 2014; updated: 12 May 2017 This article was originally published under a [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] license, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Iron and manganese alkoxide cubes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron and manganese alkoxide cubesKingsley L. Taft, Andrea Caneschi, Laura E. Pence, Christopher D. Delfs, Georgia C. Papaefthymiou, and Stephen J. LippardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 25, 11753–11766Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00078a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00078a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1035Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Guiding of laser pulses in plasma channels created by the ignitor-heater technique (1999)

Experimental and theoretical investigations of laser guiding in plasma channels are reported. Intense (&lt;5×1017 W/cm2), short (75 fs) laser pulses have been injected and guided in channels produced using a novel ignitor-heater technique, which uses two laser pulses. The ignitor, an ultrashort (&lt;100 fs) laser pulse, is brought to a line focus to ionize the gas jet. The heater pulse (160 ps long) is subsequently used to heat the existing spark via inverse Bremsstrahlung. The hydrodynamic shock expansion creates a channel. This technique allows the creation of slab or cylindrical channels in low atomic number gases, e.g., hydrogen. The channel profile was diagnosed with time resolved longitudinal interferometry. The effects of laser beam size and divergence mismatch at the channel entrance and leakage of the laser energy out of the channel are studied theoretically and experimentally in one and two transverse dimensions. An all-optical channel wake diagnostic based on Fourier domain interferometry is discussed, and a holographic-type inversion technique is proposed to increase the accuracy and reach of this method.
Semiconducting Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Ge Single Crystals (1958)

Single crystals of ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}$Ge have been obtained from melts of the constituents, and Hall effect and electrical resistivity measurements have been made from 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Undoped crystals were $n$-type and had saturated impurity carrier concentration as low as 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; silver-doped crystals were $p$-type and had saturated impurity carrier concentrations roughly proportional to the amount of added silver. The room-temperature Hall mobilities were observed to be 280 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec for electrons and 110 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec for holes. The hole mobility observed in the extrinsic region (120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) of the highest purity $p$-type sample and the mobility difference observed in the intrinsic region (350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 700\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) of the $n$-type samples varied with temperature as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2.0}$. The mobility difference was found to decrease faster than ${T}^{2.0}$ above 700\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The width of the energy gap at absolute zero, as determined from the temperature dependence of both the resistivity and the Hall effect in the intrinsic region, was 0.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ev.
Automatic Imaging – Velocity Veracity (2004)

C018 AUTOMATIC IMAGING: VELOCITY VERACITY Abstract 1 A system for automatic high density migration velocity estimation and imaging has been developed. Imaging velocities are calculated at every CMP and time location and are iteratively updated to achieve optimal image quality. The Auto Imager approach is demonstrated with 3D real and synthetic examples and the veracity of the estimated velocity is investigated in comparison to independently estimated interval velocities and depth migration results for two real 3D data sets. Introduction K.STINSON 1 M.RESHEF 2 WAI-KIN CHAN 1 E.CRASE 1 M.ROTH 2 S.LEVY 1 1 Data Modeling Inc.1120 521-3 rd Ave. S.W.
Broad analysis reveals a consistent pattern of <i>var</i> gene transcription in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> repeatedly selected for a defined adhesion phenotype (2005)

Transcription of the majority of the members of the Plasmodium falciparum var multigene family were analysed in two isolates by a quantitative approach. Both of these isolates had been repeatedly selected for adhesion to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) and one had also been selected for adhesion to hyaluronic acid (HA). These adhesion phenotypes are expressed by many parasites isolated from placentae and are associated with malaria disease in pregnancy. Increased transcription of the var gene var2csa, or its homologue IT4 var4, was associated with the CSA and HA adhesion phenotypes in all parasites suggesting that it was the dominant, if not the only, var gene that encoded adhesion to CSA in these allogeneic isolates. Some var genes were consistently transcribed at higher levels than others regardless of expressed adhesion phenotypes suggesting a transcriptional hierarchy. Unspliced or partial transcripts were detected for most var genes tested. These atypical var gene transcripts may have implications for the regulation of var gene transcription.
Reaction<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>at 405 MeV (1962)

The azimuthal asymmetry of pion production in the reaction $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+p+n$ was measured using the 53% polarized 405-MeV proton beam from the Carnegie Institute of Technology's synchrocyclotron. Pions produced in a liquid hydrogen target were successively detected on the left and on the right by means of their stopping and subsequent $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\mu}e$ decay in a 6-in. propane bubble chamber. Elastically scattered protons were used to monitor the incident beam intensity. The pions which stopped in the chamber had an average c.m. momentum of 0.52 \ensuremath{\mu}c and c.m. production angles between 80 and 105\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The observed pion asymmetry is $|\ensuremath{\epsilon}|=(20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.5)%$, in the same direction as the previously observed asymmetry for the ($\mathrm{pp}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}d$) reaction. The similarity between the observed pion asymmetry and that for the ($\mathrm{pp}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}d$) reaction suggests that their reaction amplitudes are similar, and thus that $^{3}S$ rather than $P$ states are predominant for the final-state nucleons in the ($\mathrm{pp}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\mathrm{pn}$) reaction at this energy. The estimated total cross section (0.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06 mb) is in good agreement with the calculation of Mandelstam.
Effects of angiotensins on cellular hypertrophy and <i>c‐fos</i> expression in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (1992)

An increase in cell size and protein content was observed when quiescent arterial smooth muscle cells in culture were incubated with either angiotensin II or III. These effects were inhibited by the specific angiotensin type-1 receptor antagonist losartan (DuP753) but not by CGP42112A. In parallel, a transient and dose-dependent induction of c-fos was demonstrated not only with angiotensins II and III but also with angiotensin I. Both angiotensins II and III exerted their maximal effect at 1 microM, while angiotensin I needed a tenfold-higher concentration to exert an identical effect. As for hypertrophy, losartan also inhibits angiotensin-induced c-fos expression, suggesting that this gene may be involved into the hypertrophic process. Angiotensin-I-mediated c-fos induction is partially inhibited by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and trandolaprilate; given that an angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was detected in these smooth muscle cell cultures, these results suggest that angiotensin-I-induced c-fos expression is mediated in part via angiotensin-I conversion to angiotensin II, but also by other unidentified pathway(s). Angiotensin I could essentially induce smooth muscle cell hypertrophy by indirect mechanisms, while angiotensins II and III act directly on smooth muscle cells.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of a Highly Soluble Push−Pull Type of Quinoidal Thiophenes (2005)

[structures: see text] A series of push-pull quinoidal thiophenes 5a,b and 6a-c substituted with an electron-donating 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene unit and an electron-withdrawing dicyanomethylene unit at the terminals is developed. They are highly soluble in common solvents and deeply colored with extension of the thienoquinoid skeleton.
A dual‐primal finite‐element tearing and interconnecting method combined with tree‐cotree splitting for modeling electromechanical devices (2012)

ABSTRACT The dual‐primal finite‐element tearing and interconnecting (FETI‐DP) method is combined with the tree‐cotree splitting (TCS) method to expand the capability and improve the efficiency of the finite‐element analysis of electromechanical devices. With the FETI‐DP method, an original large‐scale problem is decomposed into smaller subdomain problems and parallel computing schemes are then employed to reduce the computation time significantly. The TCS method is adopted to deal with the low‐frequency breakdown problem, which often accompanies the finite‐element analysis of electromechanical problems. On the basis of the computed magnetic field values, the force is computed with the use of the Maxwell stress tensor method. The proposed technique is applied to solve both high‐contrast magnetostatic problems and eddy‐current problems. Results are compared with both measurement data and brute‐force finite‐element calculations without domain decomposition. Comprehensive tests are conducted to investigate the parallel efficiency and numerical scalability. The results show that the proposed method can achieve a good parallel efficiency and an excellent numerical scalability with respect to the number of subdomains and the size of the problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High performance frequency comparisons over optical fibre (2011)

We aim at distributing the most precise frequency references provided by optical clocks, both from specialized labs to end users, and between specialized labs for comparing optical clocks. Transmitting an optical carrier over standard telecom fibre, we have transported frequency information over up to 900 km distance, with fidelity close to theoretical limits and reaching a precision of a few parts in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> .
Long-wavelength (15.5-μm) quantum fountain intersubband laser InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (1998)

A new type of semiconductor unipolar laser operating in the mid-infrared spectral region, the Quantum Fountain intersubband laser, is demonstrated. It is based on optical pumping of a three-bound-state coupled quantum well structure in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system. The lasing transition occurs between the two excited states. Population inversion can be achieved by benefitting from LO-phonon resonance between the two lower subbands. The optical pumping scheme enables a simpler design of the active region than electrically pumped intersubband lasers. Moreover, because doped layers and metallic contacts are not necessary for the operation of the Quantum Fountain laser, free-carrier and plasmon absorptions can be minimised, thus allowing long- wavelength operation. Large optical gains are measured using pump-probe experiments with a free-electron laser. Lasing action under optical pumping by a pulsed CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser has been achieved at a record long wavelength of 15.5 micrometer with an output peak power of the order of 0.6 W at low temperatures.
Effect of pulp delignification degree on fiber line performance and bleaching effluent load (2007)

Industrially made kraft pulps obtained by a modified cooking process may contain 60-75 mmol/kg of hexenuronic acids (HexAs), which represents 6-7.5 kappa units. HexAs do not react with oxygen and very little of it is actually removed across the oxygen delignification stage, causing low efficiencies in the range of 25-35%. In this study, an economical evaluation of the ECF bleaching processes was carried out, having none and double-stage oxygen delignification, when applied to eucalyptus pulps of kappa varying in the range of 14-21. The bleaching processes included sequences containing specific stages for HexAs removal (Z, A/D and DHT). Results indicated that the use of oxygen delignification was not economically attractive, particularly for HexA-rich low-kappa pulps, but processes without oxygen delignification present significant environmental challenges.