gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ca<sup>2+</sup> as a Second Messenger in CFPAC-1 Cells (1993)

cAMP-stimulated Cl– secretion is known to be defective in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, Ca2+ mediated electrolyte secretion still remains intact. We measured the intracelular Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) in the permanent cystic fibrosis cell line CFPAC-1 in connection with electrophysiological investigations. Cells grown on glass coverslips for 2-7 days were loaded with fura-2. The influence of various known pancreatic secretagogues and agonists on [Ca2+]i were tested in an inverted fluorescence microscope. Application of ATP (10-5 mol/l) raised [Ca2+]i within seconds from a mean resting value of 123 ± 33 nmol/l to a peak value of 1,138 ± 304 nmol/l (n = 13). [Ca2+]i returned to basal values when ATP was removed. Similarly, carbachol (CCH, 10–5mol/l; n = 14), neurotensin (NT, 10–8 mol/l; n = 15), epinephrine (EPI, 10–4 mol/l, n = 8) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP 10–8 mol/l, n = 6) increased [Ca2+]i (in nmol/l) from 101 ± 24 to 386 ± 62 (CCH), from 91 ± 19 to 681 ± 8 5 (NT), from 47 ± 7 to 171 ± 29 (EPI) and from 43 ± 9 to 298 ± 153 (VIP). The Ca2+ response was biphasic in the case of ATP and CCH with an initial peak declining to a plateau in the presence of the agonist. The EPI-induced [Ca2+]i increase was always transient, lasting approximately 60 s. Similarly, the VIP– and NT-induced [Ca2+]i increases were transient at concentrations > 10–9 mol/l and showed a [Ca2+]i plateau at 10–9 and 10–10 (VIP) and 10–9 (NT) mol/l. Using Ca2+-free bath solutions, each agonist still showed a transient [Ca2+]i increase. Hypotonic cell swelling (in mosm/1: 240; n = 5; 225; n = 7; 190; n = 6; 160; n = 13) induced an elevation of [Ca2+]i persisting as long as the hypotonic solution was present. The present data indicate that CFPAC-1 cells express P2, muscarinic, NT, VIP and α-receptors, all inducing a rise in [Ca2+]i. The [Ca2+]i elevation caused by these agonists and hypotonicity is probably responsible for the marked increase of Cl– and K+ conductances.
Effectiveness of alternative feed supplements to broiler diets using a necrotis enteritis challenge model (2004)

The effects of two alternative feed supplements (enzyme and organic acids) on mortality, growth performance and intestinal lesions of broiler chickens using a NE challenge model were investigated. The effects of these supplements were evaluated against a negative control (no additives) and a positive control (with monensin and Zn-Bacitracin). Birds fed Alternative A (enzyme) had bodyweights and FCR similar to the positive control group and had significantly higher bodyweight and improved FCR compared to the birds fed the negative control diet. There were only small numerical improvements observed compared to the negative control group when Alternatives B or C (organic acids) were added.
B.6 - GABA-ERGIC AND NEURONAL STRUCTURAL MARKERS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE PREDICT TRAIT-LIKE IMPULSIVITY IN RATS (2013)

Caprioli, Danielea; Sawiak, Stephen J.a; Merlo, Emilianoa; Jupp, Biancaa; Theobald, David E. H.a; Spoelder, Marciab; Economidou, Dainaa; Everitt, Barry J.a; Adrian, Carpenter T.a; Robbins, Trevor W.a; Dalley, Jeffrey WaAuthor Information
Proinflammatory mediators, stimulators of sensory neuron excitability via the expression of acid-sensing ion channels. (2002)

International audience
New insights into the nature of semi-soft elasticity and “mechanical-Fréedericksz transitions” in liquid crystal elastomers (2018)

The mechanical properties of an all-acrylate liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) with a glass transition of 14 ± 1 °C are reported. The highly nonlinear load curve has a characteristic shape associated with semi-soft elasticity (SSE). Conversely, measurements of the director orientation throughout tensile loading instead indicate a "mechanical-Fréedericksz" transition (MFT). Values of the step length anisotropy, r, are independently calculated from the theories of SSE (r = 3.2 ± 0.4), MFT (9.3 < r < 30.0) and thermally-induced length change (r = 3.8 ± 0.5). From simultaneously recorded polarising microscopy textures, the consequences of the above discrepancies are considered. Further, a mechanically-induced negative order parameter is observed. Results show the tensile load curve shape cannot solely be used to determine the underlying physics. Consequently, the LCE properties cannot be fully described by theories of SSE or MFTs alone. This suggests that the theory of LCEs is not yet complete. The conclusions suggest that both the LC order parameter and r must be functions of the mechanical deformation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aquitalea magnusonii Strain H3, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium of Duckweed ( <i>Lemna minor</i> ) (2017)

<i>Aquitalea magnusonii</i> strain H3 is a promising plant growth-promoting bacterium for duckweed. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain H3 comprising 4,750,601 bp in 73 contigs. Several genes associated with plant root colonization were identified.
Dual-Use Engine Calibration: (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern diesel engines manufactured for commercial vehicles are calibrated to meet EPA emissions regulations. Many of the technologies and strategies typically incorporated to meet emissions targets compromise engine performance and efficiency. When used in military applications, however, engine performance and efficiency are of utmost importance in combat conditions or in remote locations where fuel supplies are scarce. This motivates the study of the potential to utilize the flexibility of emissions-reduction technologies toward optimizing engine performance while still keeping the emissions within tolerable limits. The study was conducted on a modern medium-duty International V-8 diesel engine with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The performance-emissions tradeoffs were explored using design of experiments and response surface methodology. Then the newly acquired insight is utilized to demonstrate the benefit of dual use strategies that incorporate optimal use of injection timing, injection pressure, VGT setting, and pilot injection. The methodology enables optimizing the engine operation for different objectives, such as minimum emissions or maximum efficiency, and subsequent development of a “best compromise” that improves the fuel efficiency while maintaining emissions within the regulation constraints, but without the use of EGR. Potential elimination of cooled EGR is very significant in dual-use applications, as it reduces the total heat rejection and alleviates packaging difficulties.</div>
An optimal control approach to dynamic routing in networks (1982)

This paper explores the application of optimal control theory to the problem of dynamic routing in networks. The approach derives from a continuous state space model for dynamic routing and an associated linear optimal control problem with linear state and control variable inequality constraints. The conceptual form of an algorithm is presented for finding a feedback solution to the optimal control problem when the inputs are assumed to be constant in time. The algorithm employs a combination of necessary conditions, dynamic programming, and linear programming to construct a set of convex polyhedral cones which cover the admissible state space with optimal controls. An implementable form of the algorithm, along with a simple example, is presented for a special class of single destination networks.
Recurrent Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation in the Terminal Ileum Mimicking Intestinal Varicosis: A Case Report (2007)

We report on an exceptional vascular cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A 30-yr-old man was admitted because of recurrent hematochezia. Colonoscopy showed circumferential, erythematous, and nodular vascular distensions with hematocystic spots in the terminal ileum resembling varicosis and subsequent computed tomography with 3-dimensional angiographic reconstruction revealed a vascular architecture around the terminal ileum. No other potential source of bleeding was identified. The patient was treated by ileocecectomy and the final diagnosis was of an arteriovenous malformation confined to the terminal ileum. He has been followed up without a further hemorrhagic episode.
Elevated glucose increases tumor necrosis factor‐α induced endothelial cell death via fibroblast growth factor‐2 release (2008)

Diabetic vasculopathies are accompanied by elevated glucose and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα). Yet the effect of TNFα on endothelial cell (EC) function in a high glucose environment has not been measured. We examined TNFα‐induced EC death under normal and elevated glucose conditions. Upon TNFα stimulation, EC cultured in 30 mM glucose had twice the apoptosis rate of cells cultured in 5 mM glucose (p < .01). Both high glucose culture and TNFα stimulation induced EC release of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2), an angiogenic growth factor that usually protects cells from death. Surprisingly, TNFα‐induced cell death increased linearly with FGF2 exposure, with a maximal effect when FGF2 was added 18 hours prior to TNFα stimulation. This timing correlated with cell entry into S phase. Indeed, the increase in TNFα‐induced cell death in high glucose was negated with a neutralizing FGF2 antibody or by preventing cell cycle progression through S phase. These data suggest that the elevated glucose and TNFα environment in diabetes compound to detrimentally affect ECs. Cells chronically stimulated with TNFα may respond in an alternate manner to growth factors such as FGF2. This deregulation of vascular homeostasis may contribute to diabetic vascular disease.
The Approximate Rank of a Matrix and its Algorithmic Applications. (2012)

We introduce and study the ɛ-rank of a real matrix A, defined, for any ɛ&gt; 0 as the minimum rank over matrices that approximate every entry of A to within an additive ɛ. This parameter is connected to other notions of approximate rank and is motivated by problems from various topics including combinatorial optimization, game theory, computational geometry and learning theory. Here we give bounds on the ɛ-rank and use them to derive (a) polynomial-time approximation schemes for Nash equilibria for substantially larger classes of 2-player games than previously known and (b) an additive PTAS for the densest subgraph problem on inputs having small ɛ-rank. We use combinatorial, geometric and spectral techniques; our main new tool is an algorithm for efficiently covering a convex body with translates of another convex body.
SEM study of dermal surface (1985)

We describe a method of enzymatic digestion of the dermo-epidermal junction, that allows an observation with a SEM of the finest details of the dermal surface covered by the reticular fibrils of the basement membrane. By means of this technique, we have made a panoramic review of the traumatology and have observed typical characteristics in all types of examined lesions. It seems that the method can constitute a new approach for medicolegal study, in all those cutaneous lesions that involve, even superficially, the dermis.
In-vivo microscopy of the effect of surfactant on alveolar morphology (2012)

Changes in alveolar morphology induced by intra-tracheal delivery of CUROSURF (CS, Chiesi) were evaluated after opening a pleural window allowing in-vivo microscopic imaging (x300) of sub-pleural alveoli (fig 1a) revealing in physiological, non surfactant deprived conditions, a remarkable degree of geometrical inhomogeneity.

Data were collected in 7 male anesthetized, tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated rabbits (0,75-1 Kg) who received intra-tracheal instillation of 300 μl, corresponding to 16 mg/Kg, of CS.

Images were acquired up to 20 minutes after instillation. Each acquisition (10 images/second) was triggered during the expiratory phase. After defining a ROI (Region Of Interest), alveolar morphology was analized through an image processing program (ImageJ).

Surfactant instillation, on average, caused an increase in alveolar area (fig 1b, closed circles), peaking at about 10% after 10 minutes and returning towards baseline after 20 minutes. The large standard deviation reflects the variability in caliber following CS instillation as shown for individual alveoli in one representative animal (fig 1c, closed symbols). No changes in alveolar geometry were observed in animals not receiving CS (open circles).

Data suggest that CS instillation favors gas diffusion by increasing alveolar surface area, despite a large inhomogeneity in alveolar distension, likely reflecting local differences in surfactant distribution and/or alveolar compliance.

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Selective type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent IL‐4‐induced IgE production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1997)

Taken together, these results indicate that PDE IV inhibitors reduce IL-4-induced IgE production by PBMC and suggest that the inhibition of IgE production could be explained by a failure of monocytes to provide the necessary costimulatory signals.
The amyloidogenic potential of transthyretin variants correlates with their tendency to aggregate in solution (1997)

Amyloid fibril formation and deposition are the basis for a wide range of diseases, including spongiform encephalopathies, Alzheimer's and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathies. However, the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation are still poorly characterised. In certain forms of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), the amyloid fibrils are mostly constituted by variants of transthyretin (TTR). V30M-TTR is the most frequent variant, and L55P-TTR is the variant associated with the most aggressive form of amyloidosis. Here, we report gel filtration chromatography experiments to characterise the aggregation states of WT-, V30M-, L55P-TTR and a non-amyloidogenic variant, T119M-TTR, in solution, at nearly physiological pH. These studies show that all four protein tetramers dissociate to monomer upon dilution, in the submicromolar range, at pH 7.0. The amyloidogenic proteins V30M- and L55P-TTR show a complex equilibrium between monomers, tetramers and high molecular weight aggregate species. These aggregates dissociate directly to monomer upon dilution. This study shows that the tendency to form aggregates among the four studied proteins correlates with their known amyloidogenic potential. Thus, the amyloidogenic mutations could perturb the structure and/or stability of the monomeric species leading initially to the formation of soluble aggregates and at a later stage to insoluble amyloid fibrils.
Parallel scanning-optical nanoscopy with optically confined probes (2010)

We report the imaging of sub-diffraction limited features using an optical probe generated by focusing a round spot at one wavelength, lambda(1) = 405 nm, and a ring-shaped spot at a second wavelength, lambda(2) = 532 nm, onto a thin photochromic layer that coats the nanostructures. Illumination at lambda(2) turns the photochromic layer opaque to lambda(1) everywhere except at the centre of the ring, where the illumination at lambda(1) penetrates and probes the underlying nanostructure. We confirm that this optically confined probe increases image contrast and is able to resolve features smaller than the far-field diffraction limit. Furthermore, by using an array of dual-wavelength diffractive microlenses, we demonstrate the feasibility of parallelizing this approach. Compared to previous approaches, our technique is not limited to fluorescence imaging.
A Flexible, Reconfigurable, Transient Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine Simulation for System Dynamics Studies* (1997)

ABSTRACT A new generation, transient, multi-cylinder, turbocharged diesel engine simulation is developed for predictions of dynamic response and performance of engine powertrain systems, for assessment of alternative system configurations, and for integration studies in conjunction with the rest of the components of ground vehicles. The simulation is based on a comprehensive single-cylinder engine model with built-in physical submodels and transient capability to ensure high fidelity predictions. The single-cylinder model has been converted into a module within the flexible and reconfigurabie MATLAB-SIMULINK environment to readily accommodate design changes, submodel upgrades, and interfacing with other vehicle models. It is shown that transient, multi-cylinder simulation of an arbitrarily-selected number of cylinders that are configured to form the engine can be readily accomplished. Illustrative studies are conducted to demonstrate the capability of the simulation to perform system dynamic studies and predict instantaneous torque and structural loads as a function of both driver demand and external load. The usefulness of the tool for powertrain design and optimization studies, and as a component of entire vehicle simulations, is apparent.
Measurement of amplitude and frequency modulation responses of widely tunable GCSR lasers (2002)

The amplitude and frequency modulation responses of a grating assisted codirectional coupler (GCSR) semiconductor laser were measured over 40 nm tuning range. The extracted modulation bandwidth varied between 3 and 4 GHz and the linewidth enhancement factors range from 3 to 9.
A Revision of the Genus Haplometrana Lucker, 1931 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae), with Notes on Its Distribution and Specificity (1959)

J. Allan Waitz, A Revision of the Genus Haplometrana Lucker, 1931 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae), with Notes on Its Distribution and Specificity, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 45, No. 4, Section 1 (Aug., 1959), pp. 385-388
Modeling and Parameter Estimation for a Fixed‐Bed Electrochemical Reactor (1987)

The operation of a fixed‐bed "flow‐by" electrochemical reactor is modeled by digital computer. The process is the electro‐oxidation of benzene, dispersed in aqueous at 25°C. Mass and voltage balances are solved by iterative calculations on finite increments of bed thickness and reactor length. The model is developed for the isothermal case with high bed conductivity to deal with multiphase flow, mass transfer, interphase equilibria, multiple electrode reactions, and finite conversion, together with pressure, flow, liquid holdup, and feeder potential gradients along the reactor. Nine parameters in the model are fitted to twenty‐one sets of reactor operating data by maximization of the Bayesian posterior probability density function. Results from the model show potential distribution, current distribution, and benzoquinone concentration through the reactor, with a satisfactory match between measured and predicted values of the total current and current efficiencies for benzoquinone, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized, Optically Active Disaccharide Receptors by Sequential Aryl—Alkyne Cross‐ and Oxidative Acetylenic Homo‐Coupling (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 338: Cardiac Overexpression of Creatine Kinase Improves Cardiomycytes Function in Heart Failure and During Increased Redox Stress (2015)

Aims: Several studies suggest that abnormal energy metabolism contributes to heart failure or that the failing heart is energy starved. Here we aim at testing whether an increase in intracellular CK improves myocellular contractility in experimental myocardial dysfunction and protects from increased oxidative conditions. Methods-Results: We tested the response to the β-agonist isoproterenol (2.5 nM, ISO) in field-stimulated (.5 Hz, RT) adult cardiomyocytes isolated from wild-type (WT) mice and mice overexpressing cardiac myofibrillar or mitochondrial CK (CK-M or CK-mito) from sham and failing (8 wk transverse aortic constriction (TAC)) hearts, to dissect whether overexpressing CK alters myocyte function at baseline and during increased energetic demand. There were no differences in sarcomere fractional shortening (FS) or Ca2+ transients at baseline and with ISO among sham WT, CK-M or CK-mito myocytes. However, ISO effects were significantly reduced in WT TAC myocytes, consistent with prior reports. Conversely, in CK-M or CK-mito TAC myocytes, ISO-induced inotropy was fully preserved. Interestingly, incubation with the AMPK-stimulator AICAR (1mM for at least 90’) did not have any effect on WT TAC, but increased FS in TAC CK-M (+82%) and CK-mito (+42%) myocytes significantly, supporting the important metabolic role played by enhancing CK in failing hearts. To test whether overexpressing CK-M or CK-mito confer protection against acute oxidative stress, sham myocytes were exposed to H2O2 (50μM, 10’) and the interval (seconds) between the beginning of H2O2 superfusion and the appearance of irreversible arrhythmias was measured. WT and CK-M myocytes had a similar response (416±91s vs 411±68s), whereas in CK-mito this interval was significantly prolonged (600±64s). Similarly, upon acute infusion of the anticancer TKI sunitinib (2μM), whose cardiotoxic properties have been linked also to an increase in ROS, irreversible arrhythmias appeared after 657±43s in CK-mito (p<.5 vs 561±66 for WT and 467±88 for CK-M). Conclusions: Overexpressing CK-M and CK-mito under failing-TAC conditions improves myocyte function likely through better preserved Ca2+ handling, whereas only the up-regulation of CK-mito is more effective in buffering ROS effects.
Hints for cyclical recruitment of atelectasis during ongoing mechanical ventilation in lavage and oleic acid lung injury detected by SpO<sub>2</sub>oscillations and electrical impedance tomography (2014)

SpO2 and EIT recordings detect events that are interpreted as cyclical recruitment of atelectasis.
Mutants of Rab3A analogous to oncogenic Ras mutants. Sensitivity to Rab3A-GTPase activating protein and Rab3A-guanine nucleotide releasing factor (1993)

Rab3A is a Ras-like GTPase that is believed to function in regulated secretion. A GTPase activating protein (GAP) and a guanine nucleotide releasing factor (GRF) specific for Rab3A have recently been described. In this study we have described the biochemical activities of Rab3A mutants in codons 31, 81, 135, and 166, which correspond to codons 12, 61, 116, and 146 in Ras. The results demonstrate that simple extrapolations from the properties of Ras mutants are not valid for all small GTPases. S31V-Rab3A and Q81L-Rab3A had a reduced basal GTPase activity, but surprisingly were sensitive to the effects of Rab3A-GAP and insensitive to Rab3A-GRF. Q81L-Rab3A and wild-type Rab3A that were bound to a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog had similar affinities for Rab3A-GAP. In vivo, the percent of Q81L-Rab3A (46%) and wild-type Rab3A (43%) complexed to GTP was similar. These findings indicate that Rab3A-GRF and Rab3A-GAP interact with residues different from those of previously described GAPs and GRFs. Both A166V-Rab3A and N135I-Rab3A had increased intrinsic dissociation rates for GDP. However, the dissociation rate for N135I-Rab3A was > 100-fold higher than that for A166V-Rab3A suggesting that, in vivo, of the two, N135I-Rab3A would more likely be preferentially in the GTP-bound state.