gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expected behavior of plutonium in the IFR fuel cycle (1985)

The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) is a metal-fueled, sodium-cooled reactor that will consist initially of a U-Zr alloy core in which the enriched uranium will be replaced gradually by plutonium bred in a uranium blanket. The plutonium is concentrated to the required level by extraction from the molten blanket material with a CaCl/sub 2/-BaCl/sub 2/ salt containing MgCl/sub 2/ as an oxidant (halide slagging). The CaCl/sub 2/-BaCl/sub 2/ salt containing dissolved PuCl/sub 3/ and UCl/sub 3/ is added to the core process where fission products are removed by electrorefining, using a liquid cadmium anode, a metal cathode, and a LiCl-NaCl-CaCl/sub 2/-BaCl/sub 2/ molten salt electrolyte. The product is recovered as a metallic deposit on the cathode. The halide slagging step is operated at about 1250/sup 0/ and the electrorefining step at about 450/sup 0/C. These processes are expected to give low fission-product decontamination factors of the order of 100.
A STUDY ON THE RENOVATION WORK OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING BY USING EXISTING BUILDING FRAMES(Architectural Planning and Design) (2004)

As one of the effective policies for reducing the quantity of construction waste, it is aimed at works which is reinforced and extended after removing a structurally unnecessary portion from the existing building frames. In this report, after describing the outline of the whole works, the characteristic is clarified by investigating the details of partial demolition of the existing building and analyzing procedures and work rates.
Wind Tunnel Test of Mach 5 Class Hypersonic Airplane (2009)

JAXA is currently performing studies on a Hypersonic Turbojet Experimental Vehicle, which involve a hypersonic flight test of a Small Pre-cooled Turbojet Engine. The aerodynamic performance of this airplane was examined at the JAXA hypersonic, supersonic, and transonic wind tunnel facilities. The 6-degrees-of-freedom forces and pressure distribution around the model were measured and evaluated. This airplane satisfies the lift-to-drag ratio requirement for a flight test at Mach 5. In addition, the results indicate that this airplane has longitudinal and directional static stability if the moment reference point is x/l smaller than 0.35. A separation occurs at the external expanding nozzle. Therefore, a redesign is necessary to solve these problems.
Plausibility Checking of Road Profile Measurements (2003)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Load data representing severe customer usage is required during the chassis development process. The use of road profiles and vehicle models to predict chassis loads is currently being researched; this research hinges on the ability to accurately measure road profiles. This work focuses on detecting possible signal defects such as leaves on the ground, reflecting surfaces, or narrow roadway gaps. The objective of this work is to develop a simulation procedure that checks the measured road profile for plausibility. The position of the vehicle body is recorded as part of the typical road profiling process. Ideally, a mathematical model can predict the body position from a road profile. The first step in verifying the plausibility of road profiles is to predict the body position. Next, the measured body position is compared to the predicted body position for the road profile in question. New criteria for plausibility checking are a major contribution of this work. These criteria include examination of the amplitude, duration, and phase relationships of the measured/simulated body position and velocity. Plausibility bounds are placed on a new representation of these relationships as well as on bandwidth-specific areas of the vehicle transfer function. These plausibility bounds are another major contribution of this work. A set of characteristic signal defects are defined and added to existing road profiles to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. This is the seminal work for plausibility checking of measured road profiles.</div></div>
Quantification of the Soluble Leptin Receptor in Human Blood by Ligand-Mediated Immunofunctional Assay (2002)

Panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against recombinant human leptin and the recombinant human soluble leptin receptor. Using these mAbs, we established a ligand-mediated immunofunctional assay (LIFA) to quantify concentrations of the soluble leptin receptor, which has been shown to be a major binding protein for leptin in human serum. In performing the assay, a monoclonal antibody (mAb 2H6) against the soluble leptin receptor, which binds an epitope outside the leptin-binding site and equally recognizes both, free and leptin-occupied soluble leptin receptor, is used to capture the soluble leptin receptor on a microtiter plate. Recombinant human leptin is added to saturate all binding sites, and a biotinylated anti-leptin mAb (4D3) detects the amount of leptin (endogenous and exogenous) bound to the soluble leptin receptor. The same procedure, but without adding exogenous leptin, allows for measurement of the circulating endogenous leptin/soluble leptin receptor complexes. The LIFA assay has a linear working range of 0.5-200 microg/liter, intra- and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 3.2-6.3% and from 5.2-7.9%, respectively. The assay has a linearity of 102.2 +/- 5.2% (mean +/- SD) and a recovery of 100.7 +/- 6.9%. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the assay measures a protein with a main peak eluted at 340 kDa. The soluble leptin receptor concentration (63.3 +/- 22.8 microg/liter (mean +/- SD), range 17.9-129.2 microg/liter, n = 43) in normal subjects (body mass index = 22.3 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2)) was not different from the concentration (54.4 +/- 19.8 microg/liter, range 23.7-104.8 microg/liter, n = 34, P > 0.05) found in obese subjects (body mass index = 40.9 +/- 15.7 kg/m(2)). However, the percentage of the total soluble leptin receptor complexed with endogenous leptin was significantly higher in obese subjects, compared with normal subjects (74.9% +/- 23.5% vs. 33.1% +/- 19.5%, P < 0.001). Higher serum leptin levels in obese subjects (38.4 +/- 23.7 microg/liter vs. 7.8 +/- 5.5 microg/liter in normal subjects, P < 0.001) together with comparable soluble leptin receptor levels result in a lower proportion of leptin bound to the soluble leptin receptor in obese subjects (19.3% +/- 19.4%, range 4.9-97.2%) than in normal subjects (39.0% +/- 22.5%, range 15.3-96.5%, P < 0.001). The development of this LIFA for the rapid and accurate quantification of total soluble leptin receptor and circulating leptin/soluble leptin receptor complexes provides a valuable tool for the further understanding of the role of leptin and its soluble receptor in health and disease.
Large Population Approximations of a General Stochastic Traffic Assignment Model (1993)

Recent interest in stochastic traffic assignment models has been motivated by a need to determine the stationary probability distribution of a network's traffic volumes and by the possibility of using time-series of traffic counts to fit and test travel demand models. Because of the way traffic volumes are generated as the sum of path flows from different origin-destination pairs, and because of the nonlinear nature of the process relating traffic conditions to traveler route selection, most plausible assignment models tend to be intractable. In this paper, we first pose a general stochastic assignment model that includes as special cases most models which have appeared in the literature, and then verify that the probability distributions of an equivalent Markovian model converge to a stationary distribution. We next verify that as the number of individual travelers becomes large, the general model can be approximated by the sum of a nonlinear deterministic process and a time-varying linear Gaussian process. The stationary distribution of this approximation is readily characterized, and the approximation also provides a means for employing linear system methods to estimate model parameters from a set of observed traffic counts. For the case where the route choice probabilities are given by the multinomial logit function, computationally feasible procedures for implementing the approximate model exist.
<title>Review Of Optical Storage Media</title> (1979)

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the state of the art of optical storage media. General specification and -performance data are presented for a variety of relevant direct digital and holographic storage media. Observed trends are noted, and suggestions for development emphasis in the 1980's are made. An overall conclusion is that the performance of storage media has improved significantly over the past five years. With appropriate systems engineering, the storage medium no longer need slow or prevent the future development of competitive optical information handling systems.
Development of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer prestressing system for structural applications (2012)

Prestressed concrete has been a significant contributor to the success of modern civil engineering projects because it allows longer spans and lighter members to be constructed. Despite the usefulness of prestressed concrete, a major disadvantage is the susceptibility of steel prestressing tendons to corrosion. Corrosion can be accelerated by vehicular impact damage which removes concrete cover, exposing the tendons to the elements. If damaged members can be repaired with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, total replacement of the structure can be avoided. FRP composites are excellent candidates for use in prestressing because of their light weight, superior resistance to corrosion, and comparable strength to steel. Post-tensioned external FRP tendons can be implemented to restore capacity lost through corrosion or damage or meet increased load requirements; however, there are three obstacles that have hindered wide implementation of external FRP post-tensioning in rehabilitation and retrofit applications. The following obstacles inhibit implementation: the lack of a suitable anchorage device to maintain the post-tensioning force in the FRP tendons, the lack of an innovative stressing device that reduces the requirement for a significant amount of free space behind the post-tensioned member, and the lack of design equations detailing the use of FRP tendons for field applications. This research involves overcoming the three aforementioned obstacles. The first part of this research is concerned with the development of a unibody clamp anchor that controls slip and stress concentrations in post-tensioned carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods. Additionally, finite element modeling was employed to conduct a relative comparison of the anchor performance across four different design generations. A second objective of the research was to design and implement a simple mechanical stressing device and the unibody clamp anchors to damaged reinforced concrete beams controlled by shear and damaged prestressed concrete beams controlled by flexure. The final objective considered in the research was an evaluation of design equations from the literature. In short, this research as a whole demonstrates the ability to utilize external post-tensioned CFRP rods for structural repair applications, and forecasts their potential for more widespread use.
Mode of action of a bacteriocin from Erwinia carotovora II. Degradation of phospholipids in carotovoricin ER-treated cells. (1980)

Degradation of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, protein, and phospholipid in carotovoricin Er-treated cells was examined. No significant decrease in acid-insoluble radioactivity of DNA, RNA, or protein which were labeled with 3H-thymine, 3H-uracil, and 3H-phenylalanine, respectively, could be detected in the carotovoricin Er-treated cells. On the other hand, marked degradation of phospholipids labeled with 2-3H-glycerol was observed in the cells exposed to the bacteriocin. There was a similar decrease in radioactivity of both 3H and 32P in the lipid fraction double-labeled with 2-3H-glycerol and 32PO3-4. This decrease in radioactivity of phospholipids was explained by the release of fatty acid moieties from phospholipids. These results indicate that phospholipid degradation in carotovoricin Er-treated cells is caused by the action of phospholipase A. The amount of fatty acids released from phospholipids was proportional to the number of cells killed by the bacteriocin, suggesting that phospholipase A activity involved in phospholipid degradation is located in the sensitive cells, not in the bacteriocin.
Development and Validation of a Novel RP-HPLC Method for the Analysis of Reduced Glutathione (2012)

The objective of this study was the development, optimization, and validation of a novel reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of reduced glutathione in pharmaceutical formulations utilizing simple UV detection. The separation utilized a C18 column at room temperature and UV absorption was measured at 215 nm. The mobile phase was an isocratic flow of a 50/50 (v/v) mixture of water (pH 7.0) and acetonitrile flowing at 1.0 mL/min. Validation of the method assessed the methods ability in seven categories: linearity, range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. Analysis of the system suitability showed acceptable levels of suitability in all categories. Likewise, the method displayed an acceptable degree of linearity (r(2) = 0.9994) over a concentration range of 2.5-60 µg/mL. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.6 and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. The percent recovery of the method was 98.80-100.79%. Following validation the method was employed in the determination of glutathione in pharmaceutical formulations in the form of a conjugate and a nanoparticle. The proposed method offers a simple, accurate, and inexpensive way to quantify reduced glutathione.
Cell type-dependent internalization of the<i>Escherichia coli</i>STb enterotoxin (2010)

Previous studies have suggested that internalization of the Escherichia coli STb enterotoxin in human and rat intestinal epithelial cells is involved in STb pathogenesis, but toxin uptake in porcine jejunum epithelium, the in vivo target tissue, still remains elusive. Using flow cytometry, we studied the internalization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled STb in porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 and murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell lines. In contrast to the selective pronase resistance of STb in NIH-3T3 cells at 37 °C, but not at 4 °C, indicative of toxin internalization, most of the toxin was pronase-sensitive at both temperatures in IPEC-J2 cells, indicating reduced uptake, but significant cell surface binding. Actin reorganization is required for STb internalization by NIH-3T3 cells, confirming STb endocytosis in these cells. The toxin receptor, sulfatide, could not explain these internalization differences because both cell lines possessed surface sulfatide and internalized antisulfatide antibodies over time at 37 °C. Inhibition of lipid rafts endocytosis, known to contain sulfatide, with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or genistein, did not influence toxin uptake by either cell line. STb internalization is therefore differentially regulated depending on the cell type, possibly by factors other than sulfatide. Although a small STb fraction could be internalized by porcine intestinal epithelial cells, our findings suggest the ability of STb to induce, from the cell surface, intracellular signalling leading to fluid secretion in porcine intestinal epithelium.
Pipestelides A–C: Cyclodepsipeptides from the Pacific Marine Sponge<i>Pipestela candelabra</i> (2012)

Pipestelides A-C (2-4) are three new NRPS-PKS hybrid macrolides containing uncommon moieties, isolated from the Pacific marine sponge Pipestela candelabra. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. These cyclodepsipeptides appear to be biosynthetically related to jaspamide (aka jasplakinolide) (1) by chemical modification of the building blocks of the polyketide or peptide chains. Pipestelides A-C (2-4) contain a bromotyrosine [3-amino-3-(bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid] unit, a polypropionate with a Z double bond, and a 2-hydroxyquinolinone, respectively. Revised chemical shift assignments are provided for the co-isolated known jasplakinolide C(a) (5). In addition, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited cytotoxic activities in the micromolar range.
Observation of Nanoscale<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>180</mml:mn><mml:mo>°</mml:mo></mml:math>Stripe Domains in Ferroelectric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Thin Films (2002)

We report the observation of periodic 180 degrees stripe domains below the ferroelectric transition in thin films. Epitaxial PbTiO3 films of thickness d=1.6 to 42 nm on SrTiO3 substrates were studied using x-ray scattering. Upon cooling below T(C), satellites appeared around Bragg peaks indicating the presence of 180 degrees stripe domains of period Lambda=3.7 to 24 nm. The dependence of Lambda on d agrees well with theory including epitaxial strain effects, while the suppression of T(C) for thinner films is significantly larger than that expected solely from stripe domains.
Craving and Dopaminergic Sensitivity in Alcohol Addiction (1992)

PODSCHUS, J.; CARSTENS, S.; GRAEF, K. J.; KUHN, S.; ROMMELSPACHER, H.; SCHMIDT, L. G. Author Information
ABSOLUTE CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 18F VIA THE 18O(p,n) 18F REACTION (1980)

s of Articles on Computed Tomography from Non-Radiological Journals: RADIOCHEMISTRY: PDF Only
Recommendations for Microfracturing Implementations and the Interpretation of Micro- and Pre-Fracturing (1992)

Within the framework of the Association de Recherche sur les Techniques d'Exploitation du Pétrole (ARTEP), research has been carried out with the aim of improving the use of hydraulic fracturing in boreholes. This article makes a synthesis intended for the practical use of the results obtained in the field of data acquisition required for sizing a fracturing operation. Microfracturing and prefracturing are used to prepare for the hydraulic fracturing of an oil well. Microfracturing is used to evaluate the minimum stress in the overburden, in the oil reservoir and underneath this reservoir. Prefracturing is used to evaluate the filtration loss of the fracturing fluid and the minimum stress in the reservoir. These techniques are used in the very common case where the fractured well and the fracture are appreciably vertical. The numerous ways of inducing microfracturing and prefracturing tried out during the project are described, illustrated, assessed and listed : methods proposed in the petroleum literature and new methods (inversion, interpretation of the flowback test) worked out during the project. The methods, role and scope of well logs and core-sample measurements that may accompany such operations are specified.
Recombination in pe/ppe genes contributes to genetic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages (2016)

Abstract Background Approximately 10Â % of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is made up of two families of genes that are poorly characterized due to their high GC content and highly repetitive nature. The PE and PPE families are typified by their highly conserved N-terminal domains that incorporate proline-glutamate (PE) and proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) signature motifs. They are hypothesised to be important virulence factors involved with host-pathogen interactions, but their high genetic variability and complexity of analysis means they are typically disregarded in genome studies. Results To elucidate the structure of these genes, 518 genomes from a diverse international collection of clinical isolates were de novo assembled. A further 21 reference M. tuberculosis complex genomes and long read sequence data were used to validate the approach. SNP analysis revealed that variation in the majority of the 168 pe/ppe genes studied was consistent with lineage. Several recombination hotspots were identified, notably pe_pgrs3 and pe_pgrs17. Evidence of positive selection was revealed in 65 pe/ppe genes, including epitopes potentially binding to major histocompatibility complex molecules. Conclusions This, the first comprehensive study of the pe and ppe genes, provides important insight into M. tuberculosis diversity and has significant implications for vaccine development.
The Role of Blood Platelets in the Precipitation of Soluble Fibrin by Endotoxin (1975)

This study is intended to clarify whether or not platelets are essential to endotoxin-induced precipitation of soluble fibrin representing the second phase of microclot formation. Renal glomerular microclots could be observed in extremely thrombocytopenic rabbits to the same extent as in normal rabbits after the injection of endotoxin into animals with circulating soluble fibrin. Thrombocytopenia was induced by feeding rabbits busulphan, and soluble fibrin was produced by infusing ancrod. The experiments indicate that platelets are not essential to the endotoxin-induced precipitation of soluble fibrin.
DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer in Naphthalene-Modified Oligonucleotides (2010)

Naphthalene-modified oligonucleotides have been synthesized and characterized with respect to electron transfer chemistry. Using the Sonogashira coupling reaction, naphthalene can be covalently anchored onto a modified uridine through an ethynyl linkage. This tethering allows for effective electronic coupling with the DNA bases, resulting in a significant red shift of the absorption bands of the naphthalenic chromophore. Modification with this chromophore does not appear to affect the overall stability and structure of the DNA. Upon selective irradiation of the naphthalene moiety at 340 nm, photoreduction of a distal electron trap, 5-bromouridine, embedded in the DNA base stack occurs. This DNA-mediated reduction from a distance was found to be significantly more efficient with substitution of 5-bromouridine toward the 5'-end than toward the 3'-end. These results support a general preference for electron transfer through DNA toward the 5'-end, irrespective of the donor. In addition, differences in efficiency of photoreduction through intrastrand and interstrand pathways are observed. For DNA-mediated reduction, as with DNA-mediated oxidation, significant differences in the charge transfer reaction are apparent that depend upon subtle differences in coupling into the DNA base stack.
EEG - A Valuable Biomarker of Brain Injury in Preterm Infants (2017)

This review focuses on the role of electroencephalography (EEG) in monitoring abnormalities of preterm brain function. EEG features of the most common developmental brain injuries in preterm infants, including intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and perinatal asphyxia, are described. We outline the most common EEG biomarkers associated with these injuries, namely seizures, positive rolandic sharp waves, EEG suppression/increased interburst intervals, mechanical delta brush activity, and other deformed EEG waveforms, asymmetries, and asynchronies. The increasing survival rate of preterm infants, in particular those that are very and extremely preterm, has led to a growing demand for a specific and shared characterization of the patterns related to adverse outcome in this unique population. This review includes abundant high-quality images of the EEG patterns seen in premature infants and will provide a valuable resource for everyone working in developmental neuroscience.