gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Satometer: how much have we searched? (2003)

We introduce Satometer, a tool that can be used to estimate the percentage of the search space actually explored by a backtrack Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver. Satometer calculates a normalized minterm count for those portions of the search space identified by conflicts. The computation is carried out using a zero-suppressed binary decision diagram data structure and can have adjustable accuracy. The data provided by Satometer can help diagnose the performance of SAT solvers and can shed light on the nature of a SAT instance.
Effects of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Awake Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2000)

This study was aimed to examine the short- and long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Awake ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were examined in 28 patients (3 female) with moderate to severe OSA. All these tests were examined before and after 2 weeks of nasal CPAP. In 10 patients these tests were repeated after 3-6 months of nasal CPAP. All were also tested for spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis. Patients were middle-aged (48.9 +/- 9.9 years) and their mean apnea-hypopnea index was 58.3 +/- 20.4/hour. After 2 week of nasal CPAP, PaO2 significantly increased (77.7 +/- 11.8 vs. 84.6 +/- 9.8 mmHg) and PaCO2 significantly decreased (44.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 42.3 +/- 3.7 mmHg). The ventilatory response to hypoxia significantly decreased (0.80 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.51 liter/min/%) whereas the ventilatory response to hypercapnia significantly increased after 2 weeks (1.47 +/- 0.73 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.76 liter/min/mmHg). Similar findings were also observed after 3-6 months of nasal CPAP in 10 OSA patients. Nasal CPAP treatment can alter the ventilatory responses in patients with OSA.
Micro-mechanisms of corrosion fatigue using atomic force microscopy at active microstructural sites on 2024-T3 aluminum. Final report, May 1995-May 1996 (1996)

This is a final report summarizing a one-year effort to define the micro-mechanisms of corrosion fatigue of 2024-T3 sheet aluminum alloy in low pH environments using in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation, e. g., atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, and Auger spectroscopy. Constant stress, flexure fatigue specimens cycled in a unique mechanically driven, environmentally controlled, deformation stage, are electrochemically polished to exhibit uniform quality metallographic surfaces. Pertinent surface microstructural features of crack nucleation were determined by AFM on specimens fatigued in air, .01 M and 0.1 M HCl. Imposed cathodic polarization potentials during corrosion fatigue indicate a hydrogen embrittlement contribution to the fatigue process at potentials not affording sufficient cathodic protection. Enhanced embrittlement (approx. 40% decreased in cycles to failure) was observed when 1.5 mg/ml of NaAsO2 was added to 0.1M HCl solution at open circuit voltages (freely corroding). Other results from the subject program previously reported in the open literature are referenced here, but not reported again.
Experiment In Aeronautical-Mobile/Satellite Communication (1992)

Report describes study of performance of digital mobile/satellite communication terminals of advanced design intended for use in ground stations and airplanes in aeronautical-mobile service. Study was collaboration of NASA, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Communications Satellite Corp. (COMSAT), and International Maritime Satellite System (INMARSAT).
USE OF COLOR CHANGE OF PHENOL RED AS THE INDICATOR IN TITRATING POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS OR ITS ANTIBODY IN A TISSUE–CULTURE SYSTEM12 (1954)

Journal Article USE OF COLOR CHANGE OF PHENOL RED AS THE INDICATOR IN TITRATING POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS OR ITS ANTIBODY IN A TISSUE–CULTURE SYSTEM Get access JONAS E. SALK, JONAS E. SALK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. S. YOUNGNER, J. S. YOUNGNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ELSIE N. WARD ELSIE N. WARD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 60, Issue 2, September 1954, Pages 214–230, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119714 Published: 01 September 1954 Article history Received: 25 June 1954 Published: 01 September 1954
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF COBALT‐ALUMINA CATALYSTS (1982)

Abstract Die Oberflä‐ cheneigenschaften einer Reihe imprägnierter Co/Al 2 O 3 ‐Katalysatoren werden mit Hilfe von ESCA, SIMS und ISS (low‐energy ion scattering spectroscopy) untersucht.
AG-7088 Pfizer. (2000)

Pfizer (formerly Agouron) is developing AG-7088, a peptide aldehyde that targets the human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C proteinase enzyme and has potential for the treatment of the common cold. A phase II efficacy study has been completed in healthy patients infected with the virus [318668] and in November 1999, Agouron initiated a large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the US, in individuals within 36 h of experiencing cold symptoms [346362]. AG-7088 is derived from AG-6084, the development of which has been discontinued. In order to develop human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors with improved pharmacological properties, Agouron replaced the backbone amide moiety of the series which yielded AG-6084, with a ketomethylene isostere. Such compounds displayed slightly reduced anti-3CP inhibitory activity, but improved antiviral properties, due to increased cell membrane permeability [324627]. Compounds in which P1 lactam moieties were incorporated in lieu of an L-glutamine residue displayed significantly increased 3CP inhibition activity and improved antirhinoviral properties relative to the corresponding molecules. Of this series, AG-7088 was the most potent inhibitor [324635]. In May 2000, Merrill Lynch predicted that phase III trials would begin in the first half of 2000 and that US filing would take place in the second half of 2001 [375962].
Hyvä ruoka on parempaa kuin seksi (2011)

Richard Wrangham: Tulellakypsennetty – miten keittotaito
teki meista ihmisia. Suom. Kimmo Pietilainen. Terra Cognita 2010.
A NEW HEMODIALYSIS CONSOLE (1973)

Abstract A description is given of some constituent parts in a new single‐patient hemodialysis console. The parts, which were all developed especially for use in hemodialysis, are: proportionating pump, inductive conductivity meter, heating and deaerating system, blood leak detector, pressure regulator, micro‐infusion pump, disposable blood pressure transducer and disposable blood flow meter.
The Big Match on the Integers (1995)

A two-person, zero-sum game analogous to the big match is introduced. The game does not fall within any of the classes of games known, by general theorems, to have values. We prove directly that our game has a value and find good strategies for the players.
Kinematic Analysis of Olympic Sprint Performance: Men's 200 Meters (1985)

Selected kinematic variables in the performance of the Gold and Silver medalists and the eighth-place finisher in the men's 200-meter sprint final at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games were investigated. Cinematographic records were obtained for all track running events at the Games, with the 200-meter performers singled out for initial analysis. In this race, sagittal view filming records (100 fps) were collected at the middle (125-meter mark) and end (180-meter mark) of the performance. Computer-generated analysis variables included both direct performance variables (body velocity, stride rate, etc.) and upper and lower body kinematics (upper arm position, lower leg velocity, etc.) that have previously been utilized in the analysis of elite athlete sprinters. The difference in place finish was related to the performance variables body horizontal velocity (direct), stride rate (direct), and support time (indirect). The critical body kinematics variables related to success included upper leg angle at takeoff (indirect), upper leg velocity during support (direct), lower leg velocity at touchdown (direct), foot to body touchdown distance (indirect), and relative foot velocity at touchdown.
Evaluating Alternative Internal Combustion Engines: 1950–1975 (1999)

GMR (General Motors Research Laboratories, now GM R&D Center) has long sought ways to improve automotive combustion engines. Following World War II, considerable effort was also devoted to evaluating new powerplants that embodied different operating cycles from those of the established spark-ignition and diesel engines. Two internal combustion variants receiving attention during the third quarter of the 20th century were the free-piston diesel and the gas turbine. Research on those two alternatives is reviewed. Because their shortcomings were judged to outweigh their advantages, neither has found commercial application in highway vehicles.
Tails and decay of a Raman-driven pulse in a nonlinear-optical fiber (1995)

We consider the analytically asymptotic evolution of a pulse governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an additional term that accounts for the Raman intrapulse scattering. This term is taken in the simplest quasi-instantaneous approximation. First we find an asymptotic analytical solution describing a tail generated by action of the Raman term. An important result is that this solution always remains essentially nonlinear, which drastically changes its structure compared with the known linear approximations based on the Airy functions. It is shown that a minimum temporal scale of the tail increases with the propagation distance, so that the quasi-instantaneous approximation for the Raman term remains valid. Our solution may directly apply to the description of the tails discovered in recent numerical and laboratory experiments. Next, we consider a late asymptotic stage of evolution of a Raman-driven localized pulse. We demonstrate that, beyond the well-known approximation in which the pulse (soliton) is regarded as a mechanical particle driven by a constant force, the pulse propagating in a long lossless fiber will slowly decay into the oscillating tail generated behind it. Using the analytical solution for the tail, the conservation of energy, and some natural assumptions, we predict that, asymptotically, the peak power of the soliton will vanish inversely proportionally to the traveled distance. A real optical fiber should allow for the predicted process if it is much longer than several soliton periods, which may be realistic for the ultrashort solitons. Finally we demonstrate that, in the model incorporating gain and losses, the tail can trigger a long-term instability of the solitary pulse, which has been observed in numerical simulations.
<title>Evaluation of some low-power medical lasers</title> (2002)

Several low power medical laser devices were studied. We focused on power, wavelength and beam characteristics (2D and 3D images, point stability, beam profile, gaussian fit and elliptical axis etc). The variation of laser parameters for different time intervals and room temperatures was studied.
Identification by Histological and Microsatellite Analyses of a Stranded Beaked Whale as that Struck Previously by a Jetfoil Operating in the Sea of Japan (1999)

Histological and genetical studies were made to determine the identities of a large marine mammal struck by a jetfoil operating for the Sado Line (Niigata-Ryotsu route) in the Sea of Japan and a female Stejneger's beaked whale stranded on Kasashima beach, ca. 100km from the collision point, one day after the collision. Tissue remains (comprising skin, muscle and bone) taken from the intake pipe of the jetfoil were histologically identical to similar samples from the stranded specimen. rDNA typing for species identification showed an identical sequence of 107 bp, and microsatellite analysis demonstrated that the genotypes of both animals were identical at three loci. Accordingly, the animal struck by the jetfoil and that stranded on the beach are considered to be one and the same individual.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Digital Audio Watermarking (2011)

In this book chapter, we present an overview of our time-frequency (TF) based audio watermarking methods. First, a motivation on the necessity of data authentication, and an introduction in Digital Rights Management (DRM) to protect digital multimedia contents is presented. TF techniques provide flexible means to analyze non-stationary audio signals. We have explained the joint TF domain for watermark representation, and have employed pattern recognition schemes for watermark detection. In this chapter; we introduce two watermarking methods; embedding non-linear and linear TF signatures as watermarking signatures. Robustness of the proposed methods against common signal manipulations is also studied in this chapter.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
A search for the effect of a high frequency spark on boundary-layer transition at Mach 8.5 (1972)

An experimental investigation of the use of a high frequency spark to promote early boundary layer transition on a wind tunnel model was conducted at a Mach number of 8.5. Test variables included four electrode configurations, a frequency range from 10 kHz to 50 kHz, and various power inputs to the spark. The general conclusion obtained from this investigation is that over the parameter range, the high frequency spark is ineffective in inducing early transition at the test Mach number.
Hybrid control for aggressive maneuvering of autonomous aerial vehicles (2002)

New advances in control theory are required to enable aggressive maneuvering of autonomous vehicles, while adapting in real time to changes in the operational environment. A hybrid control architecture, the states of which represent feasible trajectory primitives, is constructed to reduce the complexity of the motion-planning problem for a nonlinear, high-dimensional system such as an aerial vehicle. Any feasible trajectories in the primitive list are available to the automatic control system; these may include a complete set of transitions between pairs of trim trajectories in addition to pilot-inspired behaviors recorded during manual flight tests with a human pilot. This paper describes the structure of a hybrid automaton that solves a time-optimal motion-planning problem by sequencing maneuvers in real time from such a primitive list. The algorithm can be used in a free workspace, or in the presence of fixed or moving obstacles. We present simulation results showing the effectiveness of this approach for a behavior library generated by a combination of analysis and live flight tests with a small remote-controlled helicopter.
Rapid Flash Calculations for Compositional Modeling (2005)

Abstract The computational time for conventional flash calculations increasessignificantly with the number of components making it impractical for use inmany finely-grided compositional simulations.Previous research toincrease flash calculation speed has been limited to those with zero binaryinteraction parameters (BIPs) or approximate methods based on an eigenvalueanalysis of the binary interaction matrix.Practical flash calculations,however, nearly always have some nonzero BIPs.Further, the accuracy andspeed of the eigenvalue methods varies depending on the choice and number ofthe dominant eigenvalues. This paper presents a new method for significantly increasing the speed offlash calculations for any number of nonzero BIPs.The approach requiresthe solution of up to six reduced parameters regardless of fluid complexity orthe number of components and is based on decomposing the BIPs into twoparameters using a simple quadratic expression.The new approach is exactin that the equilibrium phase compositions for the same BIPs are identical tothose with the conventional flash calculation; no eigenvalue analysis isrequired. Further, the new approach eliminates the Rachford-Riceprocedure and is more robust than the conventional flash calculationprocedure.We demonstrate the new approach for several example fluids, andshow that speed up by a factor of about 3 - 20 is obtained over conventionalflash calculations depending on the number of components.
Evaluation of a new referral system for the management of dyspepsia in Hong Kong: Role of open‐access upper endoscopy (2000)

Abstract Background: In the management of dyspepsia, upper endoscopy is an important component. In our locality, patients requiring upper endoscopy are conventionally referred to specialist clinics by family physicians. We have introduced the first open‐access upper endoscopy service in Hong Kong, which has allowed family physicians to arrange endoscopy without prior specialist consultation. A study on the outcome of open‐access upper endoscopy in contrast with the conventional referral system was conducted. Methods: For patients presenting with dyspepsia, family physicians in our region were given the option to arrange upper endoscopy directly with our Medical Endoscopy Unit in addition to the conventional referral to specialist clinics. The results were compared with those from the specialist clinic. A detailed prospective follow up was performed from June to September 1997 to evaluate the outcome and impact of open‐access upper endoscopy. Results: From November 1996 to September 1999, 978 referrals for open‐access upper endoscopy were received. The service significantly reduced the waiting time for the procedure by 16 weeks. Open‐access upper endoscopy had similar detection rates for peptic ulcers and cancers compared with referrals from specialist clinics. Seventy‐five percent of patients did not require further consultation with their family physicians within 2 months after endoscopy. It is a safe and effective procedure in establishing a definitive diagnosis. All family physicians were satisfied with the open‐access upper endoscopy service. Conclusions: This is the first Asian report on this service. Open‐access upper endoscopy reduced waiting time from the patient perspective, decreased subsequent consultations with family physicians and reduced referral to specialist clinics as well as increased patient and doctor satisfaction. Both referral systems for endoscopy were similar in terms of the diagnostic yield.
Measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon β in MS (2009)

In RRMS patients treated with IFNbeta, the combination of measures of disease activity and the presence of new active lesions on MRI may have a prognostic value for identifying patients with disease activity in the second and third year of therapy.
Thrombosis and shock induced by activating anti-platelet antibodies in human FcγRIIA transgenic mice: the interplay between antibody, spleen, and Fc receptor (2000)

Taylor, S. M.*; Reilly, M. P.*; Schreiber, A. D.*; Chien, P.*; Tuckosh, J. R.*; McKenzie, S. E. Author Information
Bitistatin-functionalized fluorescent nanodiamond particles specifically bind to purified human platelet integrin receptor &alpha;<sub>IIb</sub>&beta;<sub>3</sub> and activated platelets (2017)

Thromboembolic events (TEE) underwrite key causes of death in developed countries. While advanced imaging technologies such as computed tomography scans serve to diagnose blood clots during acute cardiovascular events, no such technology is available in routine primary care for TEE risk assessment. Here, we describe an imaging platform technology based on bioengineered fluorescent nanodiamond particles (F-NDPs) functionalized with bitistatin (Bit), a disintegrin that specifically binds to the α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin, platelet fibrinogen receptor (PFR) on activated platelets. Covalent linkage of purified Bit to F-NDP was concentration-dependent and saturable, as validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific anti-Bit antibodies. F-NDP-Bit interacted with purified PFR, either in immobilized or soluble form. Lotrafiban, a nonpeptide, α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist, specifically blocked F-NDP-Bit-PFR complex formation. Moreover, F-NDP-Bit specifically binds to activated platelets incorporated into a clot generated by thrombin-activated rat platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Our results suggest that engineered F-NDP-Bit particles could serve as noninvasive, "real-time" optical diagnostics for clots present in blood vessels.
A knowledge representation for model-based high-level specification (2002)

A conditional semantic network as knowledge representation for model-based high-level specification in a plant control programming domain is proposed. In this representation, semantics of relations varies according to the plant situation, while it is determinate in conventional networks. A plant model enables designers to design control programs using natural terms and concepts of a plant. In order to interpret user-defined high-level specifications, the model includes knowledge about plant control in addition to plant components. The plant control knowledge is a type of constraint relation which exists among the plant component's actions and states. It varies according to the plant situation. The plant model, including the plant control knowledge, is appropriately described in the conditional semantic network representation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vibration Spectroscopy of Interface by Sum-Frequency Generation(SFG). (1992)

波長可変赤外光と可視レーザー光を界面に照射したときに生成する和周波(SFG)光の強度は,赤外光の振動数が界面吸着分子の分子内振動と一致したときに共鳴増大を示す。この現象は,振動遷移が赤外線吸収とラマン散乱の両方に活性である場合にのみ生起する。一般にSFG光は界面部分でのみ発生するので,SFG分光法は表面・界面にある分子の構造と配向,さらにはダイナミクスを分子レベルで追跡する有力な手段である。本稿では,この赤外-可視和周波発生法を用いた振動分光(SVSFG)について,原理と特徴を簡単に記してから,実際の測定法と代表的な測定結果を紹介する。われわれが使用している装置の概要と測定上の留意点について3章で述べる。4章では,(1)アラキジン酸カドミウムのL-B膜のSFGスペクトルについて,スペクトルの特徴の解析から末端メチル基の二次元配向の様子がわかること,(2)溶融石英上に形成したオクタデシルトリクロロシランの単分子膜を有機溶媒中に浸して行った測定では吸着分子の振動スペクトルだけが観測されること,(3)銀単結晶上のメチルチオレートのSFG分光では,振動励起による時間分解測定が可能であること,(4)シリコン単結晶上の吸着水素についても興味ある結果が得られていることなどを紹介する
Solution and Solid State Structure of a Canted, Side-to-Face, Bis(porphyrin) Adduct (1999)

The coordination chemistry of meso-pyridyl/phenyl porphyrins (PyPs) toward metallo-porphyrins with substitutionally labile axial ligands has been exploited for the self-assembling of ordered arrays of pigments. PyPs are particularly versatile bulding blocks: the peripheral N atom can be either in the 4'-position (4'PyPs) or in the 3'-position (3'PyPs), and they can provide connections to as many as four metal centers by coordination of the pyridyl groups. While 4'PyPs lead to arrays of perpendicularly linked, side-to-face, porphyrins, 3'PyPs yield the corresponding canted analogues. Even though several perpendicular arrays have been described, the examples of canted adducts are few and all very recent. We report here a detailed X-ray structure of the new adduct of two axially ligated canted porphyrins [Ru(TPP)(CO)(3'MPyP)] (1) (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin, 3'MPyP = 5-(3'-pyridyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) as well as its thorough spectroscopic characterization in solution, including the dynamic (1)H NMR investigation of the NH tautomeric exchange process. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/a, Z = 4, with a = 13.508(1) Å, b = 29.972(1) Å, c = 19.084(1) Å, and beta = 96.03(1) degrees. The structural and spectroscopic data of 1 assume a strategic importance among axially ligated pyridylporphyrin systems, since they can be fruitfully compared to those of perpendicular analogues. The importance of a comparative investigation of the canted and perpendicular arrays of porphyrins is readily understood: it might help understanding how relevant physicochemical properties, such as photoinduced long-range electron or energy transfer processes, depend on the mutual orientation of the pigments in the 3-dimensional architecture while the other parameters in the supramolecular array (number of macrocycles, distance between them) are maintained substantially unchanged.