gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Serum Steroid Hormones, GSI, Survival Ratio and Sex Reversal in Rice Field Eel, (<i>Monopterus albus</i>) (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on sex reversal in the rice eel (Monopterus albus). This was carried out by evaluating the estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) concentrations, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and sex ratio. Fish (9.80 ± 1.20 g average initial weight; n = 3 per group) were fed with one of five practical diets containing 0 (control), 10, 30, 50 or 70 mg kg-1 dietary melatonin contents to apparent satiation for fifteen months. Serum E2 and T concentrations were determined by radio immunoassays. E2 and T concentrations, GSIs and survival rates significantly decreased with increased concentrations of exogenous melatonin. Fish fed 70 mg kg-1 of dietary melatonin showed significantly lower rates of E2, T, GSIs and survival ratio than those fed with lower melatonin concentrations or the control group. The shift of sex ratio towards more male and intersex fish was correlated with increasing dietary melatonin contents. Therefore, a high dosage of melatonin may inhibit gonadal development and promote sex change from female to male in M. albus.
Designing a Radial Swirler Vortex Breakdown Burner (2006)

Most gas turbine premix burners without centrebody employ the breakdown of a swirling flow at the transition between the mixing section and the combustor for aerodynamic flame stabilization [1]. As the formation of the desired vortex breakdown pattern depends very sensibly on the distribution of axial and azimuthal velocity in the mixing section, the design of suitable swirlers is usually a cumbersome iterative process. The presented burner design was found through the implementation of design guidelines derived from CFD-calculations and on the basis of analytical considerations [5]. The swirling flow is generated by a radial swirler with tangential inlets. In order to stabilize the flow pattern, the swirling flow confines a slow non-swirling flow on the centreline. The centre flow being set into azimuthal motion creates increasing azimuthal velocity in streamwise direction in the vortex core. This process is reinforced by a conical nozzle and leads to the production of positive azimuthal vorticity inside the nozzle which stabilizes the flow field. First atmospheric test runs and Large Eddy Simulations of the isothermal as well as reactive flow field prove that the design goals have been reached: The burner creates stable vortex breakdown in the primary zone of the combustion chamber without flame flashback or backflow on the centreline over the entire operating range and even for difficult fuels like hydrogen containing gases. This finding indicates that reliable vortex breakdown burners with remarkable fuel flexibility can be designed using the guidelines presented in [5].
The heterogeneous reaction of HONO and HBr on ice and on sulfuric acid (1997)

Abstract The heterogeneous reactions of HONO with HBr on ice, solid and supercooled liquid H 2 SO 4 solution (40–95 wt%) were studied in the temperature range 180 to 200 K for the solid substrates (ice, H 2 SO 4 ) and 210 to 270 K for the liquid solutions of H 2 SO 4 using a Knudsen flow reactor. The uptake coefficient of HONO onto frozen aqueous HBr solutions at 190 K was determined and resulted in a mean value of γ = (2.3 ± 1.2)·10 −2 . On ice the HBr uptake rate is high with a mean value of γ = 0.32±0.12 between 180 and 200 K and is unaffected by the presence of HONO. The uptake of HONO onto ice is a function of the HBr concentration in the condensed phase and for the highest HBr flows used an uptake coefficient of γ = 2.2·10 −2 was found. On frozen H 2 SO 4 solutions the uptake coefficient of HBr varies with the concentration of the solution from about 0.25 at 10 wt% to less than 1·10 −4 in the absence and 5·10 −4 in the presence of HONO at 95 wt%. The uptake of HONO in the presence of HBr was found to vary with the HBr concentration and to be approximately a factor of two lower than on the ice surface. On liquid H 2 SO 4 the uptake coefficients of HBr and HONO both strongly depended on the concentration of the solution. HONO shows the greatest interaction at 95 wt% with γ = 2·10 −2 and decreases to about 5·10 −3 at 40 wt%. In comparison HBr only shows a weak interaction of γ of approximately 5·10 −4 at 95 wt% and a strong interaction of γ = 4·10 −2 at 40 wt%. On all three substrates the concurrent uptake of HONO and HBr was found to be reactive forming the only identified bromine containing reaction product BrNO. The variation of the substrates from strong acid liquid to solid neutral provides information about the nature of the heterogeneous interaction.
Cryogenic Acoustic Microscopy. (1986)

Resolution in the scanning acoustic microscope is determined by wavelength which is in turn limited by attenuation in the acoustic medium. In order to make use of the low attenuation found in cryogenic liquids we have developed an acoustic microscope suited for use at low temperatures. In this paper we present images taken in liquid argon held at 85°K and in superfluid helium at 1.95°K. In liquid argon, wavelengths as short as 0.43 μm were achieved while in preliminary work with superfluid helium a wavelength of 0.36 μm was used. In order to operate in liquid helium, it was necessary to improve the power transfer from the acoustic lens to liquid helium by using double quarter‐wave matching layers. Techniques of fabricating and testing these layers are described. Finally, prospects for operating at still shorter wavelengths in superfluid helium held at temperatures below 0.5°K are discussed.
The effects of telomerase inhibition on prostate tumor‐initiating cells (2010)

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and patients with metastatic disease have poor outcome even with the most advanced therapeutic approaches. Most cancer therapies target the bulk tumor cells, but may leave intact a small population of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which are believed to be responsible for the subsequent relapse and metastasis. Using specific surface markers (CD44, integrin alpha(2)beta(1) and CD133), Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion, and holoclone formation, we isolated TICs from a panel of prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, C4-2 and LNCaP). We have found that prostate TICs have significant telomerase activity which is inhibited by imetelstat sodium (GRN163L), a new telomerase antagonist that is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials for several hematological and solid tumor malignancies. Prostate TICs telomeres were of similar average length to the telomeres of the main population of cells and significant telomere shortening was detected in prostate TICs as a result of imetelstat treatment. These findings suggest that telomerase inhibition therapy may be able to efficiently target the prostate TICs in addition to the bulk tumor cells, providing new opportunities for combination therapies.
An Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Associated With Contaminated Albuterol Nebulization Solution (1996)

An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia lower respiratory tract colonization and infection occurred in the adult intensive-care units in various geographic locations throughout our hospital. Forty-four patients became colonized or infected over an 11-month period, whereas B cepacia had been isolated from only 13 patients in the preceding 48 months. Environmental cultures revealed the source to be extrinsically contaminated albuterol nebulization solution. Polymerase chain reaction-ribotyping confirmed the genetic relatedness of the B cepacia patient isolates and the contaminated albuterol. After extensive infection control training for the respiratory therapy staff, including attention to nebulization technique, washing and drying the nebulizer cup, and good handwashing, there have not been any new cases.
A kinetic light-scattering study of the binding of wheat germ protein synthesis initiation factor 3 to 40S ribosomal subunits and 80S ribosomes (1988)

The rate constants for eucaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) association and dissociation with 40S ribosomal subunits and 80S monosomes have been determined. These rate constants were determined by laser light scattering with unmodified eIF3. The affinity of eIF3 for 40S subunits is about 30-fold greater than for 80S ribosomes. This difference in affinity resides mainly in the association rate constants. Rate constants of 8.8 X 10(7) and 7.3 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 were obtained for eIF3 binding to 40S subunits and 80S ribosomes, respectively. From thermodynamic cycles, the affinity of eIF3-40S subunits for 60S subunits is about 30-fold lower than free 40S subunits for 60S subunits. A calculation shows that under these conditions and assuming simple equilibria, approximately 12% of ribosomal subunits would associate via a reaction of 40S-eIF3 with 60S subunits as opposed to a path where eIF3 dissociates from the 40S subunits prior to association with 60S subunits.
Competition between dispersion and nonlinearity in deep water waves (1993)

A simple wave system consisting of a fundamental wave and its second harmonic has been studied for infinitely deep water waves. Two competing effects of the waves, nonlinearity and dispersion, were investigated. These two effects make up the behavior of the second harmonic complex. From a stability consideration in phase space it was clarified that trajectories displaced with a small amount deviate from the original ones. The asymptotic aspect of the Stokes wavetrain, which is the steady wave solution, was also discussed.
Suppression of normal human erythropoiesis by gamma interferon in vitro. Role of monocytes and T lymphocytes. (1985)

Interferons (IFN) have been shown to suppress the proliferation of human erythroid progenitors (erythroid burst-forming units [BFU-E] and colony-forming units [CFU-E]) in vitro. To examine the mechanism(s) underlying this inhibitory activity, the effect of different doses (50-10,000 U) of a highly purified preparation of recombinant DNA produced human gamma-IFN on erythroid colony formation by normal human bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-E in the presence and absence of monocytes and/or T lymphocytes was studied. The addition of gamma-IFN to whole marrow caused suppression of BFU-E (6-65%) and CFU-E (31-79%) in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibition occurred both with the direct addition of gamma-IFN to the culture plates as well as by the preincubation of marrow cells with gamma-IFN followed by the washing of the cells; at the highest concentration of gamma-IFN (10,000 U), near-maximal inhibition of colony formation occurred with as little as 15 min of preexposure (BFU-E, 50%; CFU-E, 81%). Removal of monocytes and/or T lymphocytes before the addition of gamma-IFN significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of this lymphokine (BFU-E, -1 to 38%; CFU-E, -8 to 67%). Co-culture of purified autologous monocytes or T cells preexposed to gamma-IFN with monocyte and T cell-depleted marrow cells resulted in highly significant inhibition of erythroid colony formation even when these treated cells comprised less than 1% of the total nucleated cell populations in culture. The inhibitory action of gamma-IFN was not prevented or reversed by erythropoietin. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of gamma-IFN on erythropoiesis are mediated to a significant degree through accessory cell populations, and suggest that gamma-IFN may represent a useful tool in the study of the role of immunocompetent cells in the regulation of erythropoiesis in vitro.
Teeth And Jaw 3D Reconstrucion In Stomatology (2007)

The article deals with problematic of 3D tissues reconstruction in area of stomatology. 3D geometry models of teeth and jaw bones we have created based on input CT image data. The input discrete CT data have to be segmented by nearly automatic procedure with correction and verification. Creation of segmented tissue 3D geometry models is based on vectorization of input discrete data extended by smoothing and decimation. We have actually processed data for almost 40 patients ( 60 models). Created 3D models are all applied in clinical practice for planning, simulations and navigation in orthodontic and stomatology surgery treatments.
Control in multidimensional chaotic systems by small perturbations (1995)

An algorithm is given by which the number of visits to the \ensuremath{\varepsilon} neighborhood of an arbitrary point of a chaotic attractor is increased. When the perturbation is sufficiently large, the trajectory becomes periodic.
Photoluminescence characterization of localized 2D-layers of few-nanocrystals electronic devices (2006)

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been demonstrated as a suitable technique to characterize Si nanocrystal-based non-volatile memory devices (Carrada et al. APL 2005). These are formed by a single plane of Si nanocrystals (NCs) buried in the gate oxide of a MOS device, at a tunneling distance from the channel. Such a 2D array was obtained by low-energy ion implantation followed by annealing. It was shown that the electrical properties are dramatically improved after annealing in oxidizing conditions. These necessary conditions for oxide healing also lead to a strong increase of the PL intensity as well as to a good agreement between the PL energies and the NCs sizes measured by electron microscopy (Bonafos et al., Solid State Electr. 2005). Recently, both these elaboration and characterization techniques were extended to the production and the study of new nano-scale electronic devices which exploit the Coulomb blockade effect and other quantized charging features at 300 K (Shalchian et al., APL 2005). The fabrication of such devices requires the fine control of a small number of NCs of about 3 nm in diameter, ideally down of the single particle. This can be achieved by 1 keV Si-implantation through stencil masks with window sizes ranging from 300*300 nm2 to 1*3 micron2. After mask removal and annealing, PL spectroscopic imaging under a confocal microscope is used to detect the NCs rich areas. The image of the PL intensity is found to mimic the mask geometry. Moreover, a blueshift of the PL energy is detected in the same image near the edges of the mask holes. This blueshift is probably due to the smaller sizes of Si-NCs near the mask edge. Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy is underway to assess and study this size distribution.
HYPOFRACTIONATED CYBERKNIFE RADIOSURGERY FOR PERICHIASMATIC PITUITARY ADENOMAS (2009)

This preliminary study establishes that the optic nerve and chiasm tolerate CyberKnife hypofractionated radiosurgery of 5 x 500 cGy to perichiasmatic pituitary adenomas. Early data suggest that this dosing paradigm may achieve satisfactory radiographic and endocrinological tumor control for these challenging lesions, but longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these results.
Altered expression of cyclins and c-<i>fos</i> in R6 cells that overproduce PKCε (1995)

Since PKC epsilon functions as an oncogene when stably overexpressed in R6 rat fibroblasts (Cacace et al. 1993) in the present study we examined whether transformed R6-PKC epsilon cells display abnormalities in the expression of specific early response and cyclin genes. When vector control and R6-PKC epsilon cells were starved of serum for 72 h they arrested in G0/G1 and showed passage through the cell cycle at similar rates after subsequent stimulation with 10% fetal calf serum plus TPA. In PKC epsilon cells, induction of cyclin D1 protein was markedly reduced, and that of cyclin A was slightly reduced when compared to control cells. Northern blot analyses indicated that decreased expression of cyclin D1 and A protein in PKC epsilon cells is due to translational or post-translational effects. A study of early response gene expression in PKC epsilon cells indicated that there was a marked reduction in the expression of c-fos mRNA but not in c-jun or c-myc mRNAs. The marked decreases in cyclin D1 and c-fos expression seen in PKC epsilon cells were not seen in R6 cells that overexpress PKCs alpha or beta. These findings suggest that PKC epsilon cells bypass certain normal signal transduction and cyclin-controlled pathways involved in cell proliferation.
In Situ Reaction Mechanism Studies on Ozone-Based Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

The mechanisms of technologically important atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes, trimethylaluminium (TMA)/ozone and tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)hafnium (TEMAH)/ozone, for the growth of Al(2)O(3) and HfO(2) thin films are studied in situ by a quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a 300 mm ALD reactor. In addition to released CH(4) and CO(2), water was detected as one of the reaction byproduct in the TMA/O(3) process. In the TEMAH/O(3) process, the surface after the ozone pulse consisted of chemisorpted active oxygen and -OH groups, leading to the release of H(2)O, CO(2), and HNEtMe during the metal precursor pulse.
Development of an<i>in vitro</i>model to test the efficacy of novel therapies for IVD degeneration (2009)

Low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability worldwide that has been linked to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of disc degeneration is now developing, which is leading to the development of a number of possible future therapies targeted at the underlying pathology and regeneration strategies. Although results thus far are promising, the investigation of such therapies in an environment that mimics the mechanical environment of the human disc in vivo is problematic. The development of an in vitro model system that can maintain metabolically active IVD tissue within a loading environment pertaining to that of the human spine is crucial for testing the efficacy of future cell-based and tissue-engineering therapies for IVD degeneration. Here, using our novel loading rig, capable of mimicking the loading environment experienced within the human spine, we have cultured nucleus pulposus tissue explants, applied a daily hydrostatic loading regime for up to 2 weeks and investigated proteoglycan retention, metabolic activity and cellular phenotype. IVD tissue cultured under a loading environment pertaining to the in vivo loading environment maintained metabolic cell activity, proteoglycan content and cellular phenotype. Indeed, all parameters were improved in IVD tissue cultured with load compared to unloaded controls. Such a model is invaluable for investigations assessing the feasibility and efficacy of future therapeutic approaches to inhibiting degeneration or stimulating regeneration of the IVD, where the in vivo loading environment may be crucial to their success or failure.
Safe and efficient membrane permeabilizing polymers based on PLLA for antibacterial applications (2016)

Highly active antibacterial poly(<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-<italic>block</italic>-poly(<sc>l</sc>-lactic acid)-<italic>block</italic>-poly(<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (D-PLLA-D@PEG) copolymers were synthesized.
Fluorenos para aplicaciones en dispositivos emisores de luz (2009)

El trabajo que se recoge en esta Memoria surgio como continuacion de otros trabajos previos iniciados en el marco de un proyecto europeo enfocados a preparar dispositivos de visualizacion utilizando como principio de funcionamiento materiales fotoluminiscentes con una polarizacion selectiva. Asi, se desarrollaron nuevos materiales luminiscentes cristal liquido, de alto y bajo peso molecular, capaces de generar emision de luz polarizada al ser orientados uniaxialmente bien en la mesofase utilizando superficies tratadas o mediante procesos fotoinducidos. En la busqueda de nuevos luminoforos eficientes en la region del azul, se penso en la preparacion de fluorenos que fuesen, bien cristales liquidos, o bien compatibles con matrices cristal liquido para su procesado por fotopolimerizacion in-situ. Progresivamente, se amplio el campo de posibilidades a la evaluacion de propiedades electroluminiscentes o incluso a su uso como emisores en la preparacion de laseres basados en dispositivos colestericos.
Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing at 75 °C by engineered Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (2015)

The utilization of thermostable enzymes will be critical to achieving high temperature CBP in bacteria such as C. bescii. The ability to produce ethanol at 75 °C, near its boiling point, raises the possibility that process optimization could allow in situ product removal of this end product to mitigate ethanol toxicity.
Osmotic Adaptation by Gram-Negative Bacteria: Possible Role for Periplasmic Oligosaccharides (1986)

The cyclic (1----2)-beta-D-glucans produced by species of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium resemble the membrane-derived oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli in their periplasmic localization, intermediate size, and (1----2)-beta-D-glucan backbones. The regulation of the biosynthesis of cyclic (1----2)-beta-D-glucan by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is now shown to parallel the osmotic regulation of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. This result suggests a general role for periplasmic oligosaccharides in the osmotic adaptation of Gram-negative bacteria as ecologically diverse as enteric and soil bacteria.
Enhanced field emission properties of carbon nanotube bundles confined in SiO<sub>2</sub>pits (2017)

It has been widely reported that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit superior field emission (FE) properties due to their high aspect ratios and unique structural properties. Among the various types of CNTs, random growth CNTs exhibit promising FE properties due to their reduced inter-tube screening effect. However, growing random growth CNTs on individual catalyst islands often results in spread out CNT bundles, which reduces overall field enhancement. In this study, significant improvement in FE properties in CNT bundles is demonstrated by confining them in microfabricated SiO<sub>2</sub> pits. Growing CNT bundles in narrow (0.5 μm diameter and 2 μm height) SiO<sub>2</sub> pits achieves FE current density of 1-1.4 A cm<sup>-2</sup>, which is much higher than for freestanding CNT bundles (76.9 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>). From the Fowler Nordheim plots, confined CNT bundles show a higher field enhancement factor. This improvement can be attributed to the reduced bundle diameter by SiO<sub>2</sub> pit confinement, which yields bundles with higher aspect ratios. Combining the obtained outcomes, it can be conclusively summarized that confining CNTs in SiO<sub>2</sub> pits yields higher FE current density due to the higher field enhancement of confined CNTs.