gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evasive Maneuvers by Hepatitits C Virus (2003)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) serine protease is necessary for viral replication and represents a valid target for developing new therapies for HCV infection. Potent and selective inhibitors of this enzyme have been identified and shown to inhibit HCV replication in tissue culture. The optimization of these inhibitors for clinical development would greatly benefit from in vitro systems for the identification and the study of resistant variants. We report the use of HCV subgenomic replicons to isolate and characterize mutants resistant to a protease inhibitor. Taking advantage of the replicons' ability to transduce resistance to neomycin, we selected replicons with decreased sensitivity to the inhibitor by culturing the host cells in the presence of the inhibitor and neomycin. The selected replicons replicated to the same extent as those in parental cells. Sequence analysis followed by transfection of replicons containing isolated mutations revealed that resistance was mediated by amino acid substitutions in the protease. These results were confirmed by in vitro experiments with mutant enzymes and by modeling the inhibitor in the three–dimensional structure of the protease.
Phylogeny of snapdragon species (Antirrhinum; Scrophulariaceae) using non-coding cpDNA sequences (2005)

Antirrhinum is an Old World genus of up to 25 perennial taxa, mainly located in the western Mediterranean basin. A molecular analysis of 24 taxa of Antirrhinum was undertaken using cpDNA sequences from the trnT (UGU)-trnL (UAA) 5' exon region. The Kimura two-parameter model was chosen to calculate pairwise nucleotide divergence values between cpDNA sequences, and a bootstrapped neighbor-joining dendrogram was constructed from the nucleotide divergence distance matrix. Eighteen sites were variable across the studied samples and the position of 7 indels, ranging from 1 to 7 bp, was inferred from the sequence alignment. Several trnT-trnL sequences are identical in: some members of subsection Kickxiella (A. subbaeticum, A. valentinum, A. mollisimum, A. charidemi, and A. hispanicum); subsection Antirrhinum (A. australe, A. graniticum, and three subspecies of A. majus); and some species from subsection Kickxiella (A. lopesianum and A. molle) together with subsection Streptosepalum (A. braunblanquetii). Few supp...
Transient Febrile Reaction After Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in a Young Adult With Intellectual Disability and Bipolar Disorder (2013)

We report the case of a 27-year-old man with mild-moderate intellectual disability (ID) and bipolar disorder treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). He was psychiatrically hospitalized for agitation, aggression, and manic symptoms including insomnia, rapid and pressured speech, and hyperactivity. After multiple medication trials, ECT was recommended. The treatment was delayed owing to the need to obtain evaluation for incapacity and then substituted consent from the patient's mother. He received 2 ECT treatments with marked improvement but complicated by transient fevers, which resolved without treatment. Fever workup was unremarkable. The patient became calm and cooperative and was discharged home. He was readmitted 3 weeks later, again in an agitated manic state. He received 5 additional ECT treatments, but this time with no post-ECT fevers. Once again, his manic symptoms resolved, and he was safely discharged. Whereas patients with ID pose special challenges, our case is in keeping with the previous literature, which supports the use of ECT in patients with ID and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Fabric Filtration for Fly Ash Control (1979)

Economic projections and the growing experience with more diverse baghouse applications indicate that fabric filtration will become an even more popular type of control technology. While the fabric filter market shows signs of great promise now, an especially significant upturn is predicted within the next half dozen years when dry scrubbing becomes the primary process for combined S02 and par-ticulate control. In the interim, with more and more utility and industrial boilers gaining experience with baghouses, this control method can be expected to develop as an even more acceptable technique, especially on low S coal burning units. Nevertheless, the users stress the need for conservative planning and designing, giving extra care to start-up and maintenance procedures.
Effects of Hetero Elements and Nanopores Lithium Insertion/Extraction in Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbons (1998)

Lithium insertion into polyacrylonitrile-based carbons heated from800to l200was studied to be used as high capacity anodes for lithium-ion batteriesThe carbons heaIed from1000to1200showed a potential plateauneaOVvsLVLiinthcchargedischargepotentialcurvesandreversiblecapacitiesof4)7to517 mAhghigher than that of LiC6(372mAhg)The reversible capacity in the potential range for O5to2V increased with the nitrogencarbon and the hydrogencarbon atomic ratioNanopores(voids)with a radius of amund2nm werc remarkably observed in the PAN-based carbons heated ad200Solid statc7Li nuclear magnetic resonancc observation and small angle X-ray scattering measurements suggested that lithium species insertedm be classified into ionic lithium in thc laycr structure and in the unorganized carbon containing hetero clementsand lithium clusters with metlic character in tho nanopores
Selectivity in the Chemistry of Oxygen-Centered Radicals - The Formation of Carbon-Oxygen Bonds (2002)

In recent years, powerful new methods for the generation of alkoxyl radicals under mild and neutral conditions have been developed. This progress has led to a thorough investigation of most O-radical elementary reactions. Today, sufficiently reliable thermodynamic and kinetic data are available either from experimental or from theoretical studies in order to predict alkoxyl radical reactivities and selectivities in synthesis. For instance, alkoxyl radicals readily add to carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen double bonds. Due to generally low activation barriers and strongly negative reaction enthalpies, inter- and intramolecular addition reactions proceed under kinetic control and are associated with high rate constants. Nevertheless, intramolecular 5-exo-trig additions, i.e. cyclizations, proceed with an astonishing degree of diastereoselectivity and often provide complementary selectivities if compared to commonly used methods such as the bromine cyclization of alkenols. Therefore, several useful applications of O-radical cyclizations in the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrofurans have been discovered in the last few years. A second major reaction channel of alkoxyl radicals is associated with the homolysis of a β-C-C bond. This fragmentation proceeds under thermodynamic control and affords a carbonyl compound besides an alkyl radical from the starting alkoxyl radical. Regioselectivities for C-C bond homolysis may be predicted by considering strain release (cyclic carbon framework) and the stability of the newly formed carbon radical (cyclic and open chain carbon skeletons). The third major group of alkoxyl radical-based transformations are connected with homolytic substitutions such as intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen shifts which have been applied with considerable success to remote functionalization reactions. In view of the diversity of alkoxyl radical reactions it is the aim of this review to organize basic principles of this type of chemistry and to present its latest useful application in organic synthesis.
Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Strain S3 (2011)

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world; however, there is only one complete genome sequence of a poultry strain to date. Here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of the second poultry strain, C. jejuni strain S3. This strain has been shown to be nonmotile, to be a poor invader in vitro, and to be a poor colonizer of poultry after minimal in vitro passage.
Ribavirin Induces Error-Prone Replication of GB Virus B in Primary Tamarin Hepatocytes (2001)

GB virus B (GBV-B) is the closest relative of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is an attractive surrogate model for HCV antiviral studies. GBV-B induces an acute, resolving hepatitis in tamarins. Utilizing primary cultures of tamarin hepatocytes, we have previously developed a tissue culture system that exhibits high levels of GBV-B replication. In this report, we have extended the utility of this system for testing antiviral compounds. Treatment with human interferon provided only a marginal antiviral effect, while poly(I-C) yielded >3 and 4 log units of reduction of cell-associated and secreted viral RNA, respectively. Interestingly, treatment of GBV-B-infected hepatocytes with ribavirin resulted in an approximately 4-log decrease in viral RNA levels. Guanosine blocked the antiviral effect of ribavirin, suggesting that inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and reduction of intracellular GTP levels were essential for the antiviral effect. However, mycophenolic acid, another IMPDH inhibitor, had no antiviral effect. Virions harvested from ribavirin-treated cultures exhibited a dramatically reduced specific infectivity. These data suggest that incorporation of ribavirin triphosphate induces error-prone replication with concomitant reduction in infectivity and that reduction of GTP pools may be required for incorporation of ribavirin triphosphate. In contrast to the in vitro studies, no significant reduction in viremia was observed in vivo following treatment of tamarins with ribavirin during acute infection with GBV-B. These findings are consistent with the observation that ribavirin monotherapy for HCV infection decreases liver disease without a significant reduction in viremia. Our data suggest that nucleoside analogues that induce error-prone replication could be an attractive approach for the treatment of HCV infection if administered at sufficient levels to result in efficient incorporation by the viral polymerase.
Flexibility in Access Networks : a Novel WDMA/TDMA Scheme for Passive Optical Networks (2007)

We propose a new access network scheme introducing WDM based flexibility, with dynamic rearrangement of customer connections. We focus on physical layer issues, simulation and experimental results are provided for a network without optical amplification.
P03.18: Outcomes of pregnancies 41 weeks with sonographically detected nuchal cords (2004)

The objective of the present study was to determinate the presence of nuchal cord by sonography and to analyze the perinatal outcome in pregnancies ≥ 41 weeks. Inclusion criteria was pregnancies ≥ 41 weeks referred to the fetal day assessment unit. The following variables were obtained by sonography: presence of nuchal cord, amniotic fluid index, umbilical artery pulsatility index (UAPI) and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCAPI). The obstetrician was not informed about the presence or absence of nuchal cord. Perinatal outcomes were evaluated considering the presence or absence of nuchal cord by sonography. Chi-2 and t-Student tests were used for statistical analysis. A total of 145 patients were included in this study, of wich 44 had sonographically detected nuchal cord identified antenatally. The presence of nuchal cord was confirmed at delivery. We found a correlation Kappa index of 0.524 between sonographically and delivery time detection. Sonographically detection of nuchal cord has a moderate correlation with the presence of nuchal cord at delivery. There were no worse perinatal results when the nuchal cord was present. Nevertheless, more studies with large number of cases are needed to obtain concluding results.
Verification of cell irradiation dose deposition using a radiochromic film (2007)

We describe a technique for the MTT assay that irradiates all cells at once by a combination of couch movement and a step-and-shoot irradiation technique on a linear accelerator with 6 MV and 18 MV photon beams. In two experimental setups, we obtained maximum to minimum dose ranges of 10 for the constant MU/bin (monitor units per bin) setup and 20 for the variable MU/bin technique. The irradiation technique described is dose rate independent and it can be used on any teletherapy irradiation machine. We also employed radiochromic film dosimetry to verify dose delivered in each of the wells within the dish. It is shown that for the lowest doses, relative dose variation within wells reaches a value of 6%. We also demonstrated that the radiochromic film positioned below the 96-well plate does not underestimate dose deposited within each compartment by more than 2% due to the vertical dose gradient.
Sustainability and Resilience in Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnics: Integrating Advanced Technologies for Better Asset Management (2018)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015, enumerates 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by the member countries by 2030. The resolution highlights the importance of sustainable cities and communities to their future needs for sustenance and livability. Transportation infrastructure like roads, embankments, bridges, railroads, airports, docks, and canals serve as pathways for the mobility of people, goods, and services, and form the backbone of cities and communities. The construction, operation, and rehabilitation of these facilities puts significant strain on the local, state, and federal agencies, for example by depleting natural resources and contributing to the global carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. Further, these features stimulate anthropocentric (i.e., human beings are the most significant entity of the universe) development in a region that affects land-use patterns and influences the demography of communities.
Review of Dancing Parasites in Lymphatic Filariasis (2019)

Abstract Lymphatic filariasis is an infection transmitted by blood-sucking mosquitoes with filarial nematodes of the species Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi und B. timori. It is prevalent in tropical countries throughout the world, with more than 60 million people infected and more than 1 billion living in areas with the risk of transmission. Worm larvae with a length of less than 1 mm are transmitted by mosquitoes, develop in human lymphatic tissue to adult worms with a length of 7–10 cm, live in the human body for up to 10 years and produce millions of microfilariae, which can be transmitted further by mosquitoes. The adult worms can be easily observed by ultrasonography because of their size and fast movements (the so-called “filarial dance sign”), which can be differentiated from other movements (e. g., blood in venous vessels) by their characteristic movement profile in pulsed-wave Doppler mode. Therapeutic options include (combinations of) ivermectin, albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and doxycycline. The latter depletes endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria from the worms and thus sterilizes and later kills the adult worms (macrofilaricidal or adulticidal effect).
External frequency modulation of a laser source for non-incremental interferometric measurements (1993)

Interferometric techniques for absolute measurements require stable and precise frequency modulation of the laser source. A method is proposed herein whereby frequency modulation is induced externally to a semiconductor laser source by an integrated-optic phase modulator. When the electro-optic modulation depth is low, the optical power spectrum of the modulated signal consists of a central frequency with two sinusoidally swept sidebands; when this signal is applied to an unbalanced interferometer, it induces a phase-shift, from which measurements of the absolute unbalance are unobtainable. The feasibility of the method is shown for measurements over 3.5 m distances.
A lexical analysis of environmental sound categories. (2011)

In this article we report on listener categorization of meaningful environmental sounds. A starting point for this study was the phenomenological taxonomy proposed by Gaver (1993b). In the first experimental study, 15 participants classified 60 environmental sounds and indicated the properties shared by the sounds in each class. In a second experimental study, 30 participants classified and described 56 sounds exclusively made by solid objects. The participants were required to concentrate on the actions causing the sounds independent of the sound source. The classifications were analyzed with a specific hierarchical cluster technique that accounted for possible cross-classifications, and the verbalizations were submitted to statistical lexical analyses. The results of the first study highlighted 4 main categories of sounds: solids, liquids, gases, and machines. The results of the second study indicated a distinction between discrete interactions (e.g., impacts) and continuous interactions (e.g., tearing) and suggested that actions and objects were not independent organizational principles. We propose a general structure of environmental sound categorization based on the sounds' temporal patterning, which has practical implications for the automatic classification of environmental sounds.
Linear and non-linear dispersion compensation at ultra-high data rates using mid point spectral inversion (1995)

We report experimental and numerical results on transmission of short pulses in systems with midspan spectral inversion and standard fibre. It is shown that a larger amount of nonlinearities can be tolerated if the spectral inversion is moved away from the midpoint of the span. Full recovery of the initial pulsewidth is experimentally demonstrated in the presence of nonlinearities. (5 pages)
Injerto mediante colgajo de espesor completo / tejido conjuntivo subepitelial con penetraciones intramedulares: Descripción de tres casos de recubrimiento radicular por lingual (2005)

MRD2STOP is a pragmatic trial evaluating maintenance therapy cessation guided by measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity in multiple myeloma (MM). Eligible patients had previous MRD < 10<sup>-5</sup>, received ≥1 year of maintenance, and were prospectively confirmed to have undetectable disease by positron emission tomography, bone marrow (BM) flow cytometry (limit of detection [LoD] 10<sup>-</sup><sup>5</sup>), and BM clonoSEQ (LoD 10<sup>-</sup><sup>6</sup>). BM aspirates enriched for CD138<sup>+</sup> cells were analyzed by clonoSEQ to achieve MRD 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> sensitivity. We evaluated the incidence of disease resurgence and progression-free survival (PFS), stratified by 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> status. Forty-seven patients discontinued maintenance after a median of 36 months. Baseline MRD ≥ 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> was observed in 19% (9/47). The median follow-up post-discontinuation was 30 months. Disease resurgence (MRD 10 ≥ <sup>-</sup><sup>6</sup>) occurred in 11 patients, including 5 disease progressions. One patient died from a second cancer. The estimated 3-year cumulative incidence of disease resurgence was 20% for patients with baseline MRD < 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> compared to 75% for MRD ≥ 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> (HR 7.8, 95% CI 2.2-27.6, p = 0.001). Baseline MRD ≥ 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> was associated with inferior PFS compared to MRD < 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> (HR 10.1, 95% CI 1.6-62.3; 3-year PFS 49% vs 92%). Maintenance discontinuation in patients with MM and MRD < 10<sup>-</sup><sup>6</sup> led to low rates of disease resurgence. MRD < 10<sup>-</sup><sup>7</sup> may be a superior cessation threshold, requiring further validation.
Development of an Anti-Corrosive Integrated Mass Flow Controller (2001)

The development of an anti-corrosive integrated mass flow controller made by micromachiningis described. Stainless steel (SUS316, SUS316L) was used as a material to prevent corrosion. The mass flow controller consists of a thermal flow sensor and a flow control valve driven by a unimorph actuator. The valve could control the flow rate from 0 to 90 SCCM at 75kPa of N2 gas when the voltage of the piezoelectricd isk was varied from 75V to -75V.
In vitro andin vivo stability of polymerized mixed liposomes composed of 2,4-octadecadienoyl groups of phospholipids (2000)

The in vitro stability, under freeze–thawing procedures, and in vivo degradation, in rat spleen, of two types of polymerized liposomes were examined: 1,2-bis-[2E, ­4E) - octadecadienoyl] - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine (DODPC) and 1-acyl-2-[(2E, 4E)-octadecadienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (AODPC) were used as polymerizable phospholipids. The lipid composition of the liposomes was prepared as DODPC/Chol/SA (Chol = cholesterol, SA = stearicacid), AODPC/Chol/SA (7/7/2 by molar ratio), AODPC/DPPC/Chol/SA (3.5/3.5/7/2 by molar ratio). The liposomes were extruded through a 0.2 µm polycarbonate- filter to obtain the approximate particle size of 0.2 µm, and then irradiated with γ-rays. Hemoglobin-encapsulated liposomes were also prepared in the same manner with concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solution. The DODPC/Chol/SA liposome exhibited no trace of particle size change nor Hb leakage. Although not as excellent as the former, the AODPC-base liposome showed slightly diameter change (below 7.5%) with a substantial abatement of Hb leakage (<3.5%). Transmission electron microscopy observation of spleens also revealed more efficient degradability with AODPC/DPPC/Chol/SA liposome than with DODPC/Chol/SA liposome. Hb-encapsulated AODPC/DPPC/Chol/SA liposome, after five freeze–thawing cycles, attained an Hb leakage below 3.5% with a particle size change of 0.7–7.5%, and reduced the spleen retention compared with the DODPC-base liposome. These results suggest that AODPC/DPPC/Chol/SA liposome can be used as a long-term preservable blood substitute. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved hot workabilrty and magnetic propertms in MdFeCoGaB hot deformed magnets (2005)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.