gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Synthetic Routes to Δ<sup>2</sup>-Pyrazolin-5-ones (1973)

Three new synthetic routes to Δ 2 -pyrazolin-5-ones involving base-catalyzed molecular rearrangements are reported.
Deformation due to a rectangular tension crack in an elastic half-space (1986)

Abstract Closed, analytic expressions are given for the displacement fields, their derivatives, and stresses from a rectangular crack in an elastic half-space having Burger's vector normal to its surface. Displacements are found by integration of Volterra's formula over the crack area using Mindlin's (1936) point force solutions for the elastic half-space. Differentiation of the displacement fields yields expressions for calculating stress and strain throughout the medium. Contours of stresses and displacements are given for selected geometries. The expressions for displacements give identical values to those calculated using angular dislocations (Comninou and Dundurs, 1975). All solutions are presented as a FORTRAN subroutine to facilitate practical implementation.
An Efficient Wi-Fi RSS Indoor Positioning System and Its Client-server Implementation (2013)

The demand of Indoor Location Based Services LBS has increased over the past years as smart phone market expands. As a result, there's a growing interest in developing efficient and reliable indoor positioning systems for mobile devices. Wi-Fi signal strength fingerprint-based approaches attract more and more attention due to the wide deployment of Wi-Fi access points. Indoor positioning problem using Wi-Fi signal fingerprints can be viewed as a machine learning task to be solved mathematically. This thesis proposes an efficient and reliable Wi-Fi real-time indoor positioning system using machine learning algorithms. The proposed positioning system, together with a location server equipped with the same algorithms, are tested and evaluated in several indoor scenarios. Simulation and testing results show that the proposed system is a feasible LBS solution.
Resistivity of Bulk Silicon and of Diffused Layers in Silicon (1962)

Measurements of resistivity and impurity concentration in heavily doped silicon are reported. These and previously published data are incorporated in a graph showing the resistivity (at T = 300°K) of n- and p-type silicon as a function of donor or acceptor concentration. The relationship between surface concentration and average conductivity of diffused layers in silicon has been calculated for Gaussian and complementary error function distributions. The results are shown graphically. Similar calculations for subsurface layers, such as a transistor base region, are also given.
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Breakthrough Curves for the Adsorption of Toxic Vapors Emitted from Crude Oil and Condensate Storage Tanks (2015)

Abstract Toxic vapor emissions (TVEs) from crude oil and condensate storage tanks contain volatile organic compounds which are precursors for ground level ozone formation. Vapor recovery units have been proposed for the control of TVEs but come with high energy cost and no liquid recovery. Thermal swing adsorption (TSA) was experimentally and theoretically studied for the capture and recovery of TVEs from crude oil and condensate storage tanks. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p and o-xylene (BTEX) were selected as the TVEs from the analyzed mixture of crude oil and condensate sample, API 54.2. Experimental adsorption breakthrough curves of BTEX on a commercially available granular activated carbon (GAC) were obtained from a bench scale TSA system. A non-steady state, mathematical model was developed to simulate concentration breakthrough curves for the adsorption cycle. The GAC showed high removal efficiencies with equilibrium adsorption capacities for toluene, benzene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene on GAC of 215 ± 7 mg/g, 183 ± 5 mg/g, 56 ± 2 mg/g, 9 ± 2 mg/g, and 3 ± 0.3 mg/g, respectively at 25°C. Liquid recoveries of BTEX ranged from 30–35%. Results from the mathematical model were compared to the experimental values. The non-steady state mathematical model predicted the experimental data very well. The model simulation results were further used to study column dynamics adsorption and evaluate the process efficiency of the TSA system.
Cloning, sequencing, expression, and complementation analysis of the Escherichia coli K1 kps region 1 gene, kpsE, and identification of an upstream open reading frame encoding a protein with homology to GutQ (1993)

The kps locus for polysialic acid capsule expression in Escherichia coli K1 is composed of a central group of biosynthetic neu genes, designated region 2, flanked on either side by region 1 or region 3 kps genes with poorly defined functions. Chromosomal mutagenesis with MudJ and subsequent complementation analysis, maxicell and in vitro protein expression studies, and nucleotide sequencing identified the region 1 gene, kpsE, which encodes a 39-kDa polypeptide. Polarity of the kpsE::lacZ mutation suggests an operonic structure for region 1. KpsE is homologous to putative polysaccharide-translocation components previously identified in Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis group B. An open reading frame upstream of kpsE encodes a 35-kDa polypeptide with homology to GutQ, a putative ATP-binding protein of unknown function encoded by gutQ of the glucitol utilization operon. Whether expression of the gutQ homolog as the potential first gene of region 1 is required for polysialic acid synthesis or localization is presently unknown.
When Kiosk Retailing Intimidates Shoppers (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> This study addresses kiosk-based shopping behavior among female consumers. The authors sought to build upon existing promotional retail research that showed and explained gender differences in experiential shopping environments. Upon confirming extant literature findings of gender differences as they apply to perceptions of shopping risk in kiosk environments, the current study manipulates levels of anticipated regret for males and females when shopping in kiosks versus traditional department stores in a between-subjects experimental design incorporating a diverse non-student sample. The robust gender difference indicates that targeted promotions for kiosks are critical to the reduction of possible regret and risk perceptions, especially for females.
Mathematical theory of the fork-type wave gyroscope (2002)

The work is devoted to mathematical analysis of the fork-type wave gyroscope. It includes the theory of flexural and torsional vibrations of thin bimorph beams and an applied theory of elastic half-ring vibrations both in the plane of the fork arrangement and in the perpendicular direction. Solution of the problem is expressed in analytic form in terms of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. Both free and forced vibrations are considered. Analysis of the sensitivity of the gyroscope is carried out.
Structure of acetylcholine receptor dimer determined by neutron scattering and electron microscopy. (1981)

Previous work has shown that the predominant native form of the acetylcholine receptor from the electric tissue of Torpedo californica is a dimer of Mr = 500,000, cross-linked by a disulfide bond between the largest (delta) of the five chains (alpha 2 beta gamma delta) that comprise the monomer. Small-angle neutron scattering of purified receptor dimer in Triton X-100 solution containing 18% D2O, in which the Triton X-100 is contrast-matched, yields a radius of gyration of the dimer of 66 A. Based on the assumptions that the dimer is symmetrical and that the radius of gyration of the monomer does not change in forming dimer, this value, together with the radius of gyration of the receptor monomer (46 A), determined previously, allows the calculation of the distance separating the centers of neutron scattering density of monomers in a dimer; the result is 96 A. Electron microscopy of negatively stained dimers permits an independent measurement of the distance between the apparent centers of mass of the monomers; the average is 96 A, in agreement with the result of the neutron scattering analysis. The electron micrographs of dimer also permit the location of the delta chains at the region of contact of the monomers. A model for the receptor dimer consistent with all available structural information is presented.
Forecast and Nowcast (2007)

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Effect of Glucagon on Glucose Production, Lipolysis, and Gluconeogenesis in Familial Hyperinsulinism (1998)

We present an infant with severe familial hyperinsulinism in whom glucose production rate, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis from glycerol were measured by use of glucose and glycerol labelled with stable isotopes. Administration of a single dose of glucagon (0.1 mg/kg) caused an increase in glucose production rate by near 140% from 4.2 to 10.1 mg.kg-1.min-1. The rate of appearance of glycerol, reflecting the rate of lipolysis, decreased from 15.1 to 12.6 micromol. kg-1.min-1. The amount of glycerol converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis was 9.1 micromol.kg-1.min-1 before and 10.5 micromol. kg-1.min-1 after glucagon administration. We conclude that the marked rise in glucose production rate was mainly the result of increased glycogenolysis. Following the trial, the child was started on long-acting (zinc-protamine) glucagon which made it possible to discontinue intravenous treatment with glucose.
Wound healing properties of ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera in normal human dermal fibroblasts (2016)

This study suggested that ethyl acetate fraction of MO leaves might be a potential therapeutic agent for skin wound healing by promoting fibroblast proliferation and migration through increasing the wound closure rate corroborating its traditional use.
Synthesis of anisomycin. Part I. The stereospecific synthesis of <i>N</i>-benzoyl-2-(<i>p</i>-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-carboxamido pyrrolidine and the absolute configuration of anisomycin (1968)

L-Tyrosine was converted stereospecifically to N-benzoyl-2-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-cyanopyrrolidine (10) which had a specific optical rotation [Formula: see text]. Anisomycin was converted also to N-benzoyl-2-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-hydroxy-4-cyanopyrrolidine (16) which had a specific rotation [Formula: see text]. The infrared spectra of the synthetic compound and the derivative of anisomycin were superimposable with each other. This result showed that the absolute configuration of the three asymmetric centers in (10) of synthetic origin were 2S, 3S, 4S, and those in (16) were 2R, 3R, 4R. Thus, anisomycin should have the absolute stereochemistry 2R, 3S, 4S as depicted in the structure (2). Hydrolysis of the hydroxy nitriles (8) and (10) gave an identical amide (3) which should have the absolute stereochemistry 2S, 3S, 4R as shown in structure (3).
WAITER: A Wearable Personal Healthcare and Emergency Aid System (2008)

The emerging pervasive computing is regarded as a promising solution to the systems of personal healthcare and emergency aid, which can monitor personal health status in a real-time manner and automatically issue the alert for medical aids in case of emergency. However, the implementation of such a system is not trivial due to the issues, including (1) the system operations without complicated caregiver aid to reduce cost of human resource, (2) vital sensor deployment for user comfort, (3) on-site vital data process and storage for energy saving in data transmission, and (4) timely communication with healthcare centre for reporting users' health status and seeking urgent medical aids. In this paper, we propose a novel wearable personal healthcare and emergency aid system, namely WAITER. Our system does not require specific caregiver aid. WAITER just employs the tiny wearable sensors to continuously collect user's vital signals and Bluetooth device to transmit the sensory data to a mobile phone, which can perform on-site vital data storage and process. After local data process, the mobile phone can use its GSM module to periodically report users' health status to the healthcare centre and issue alert for medical aids once detecting emergency. We believe that WAITER can satisfy the requirements of real personal healthcare and emergency aid system.
Distributed dynamic grid support using smart PV inverters during unbalanced grid faults (2019)

A dynamic voltage support strategy using smart photovoltaic (PV) inverters during unbalanced grid faults events is proposed. It uses Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition for finding optimal solutions to calculate the inverter's active and reactive current references. The proposed methodology also takes the X/R ratio into consideration which allows the inverter to differentiate weak or strong grid conditions and adjust its reference currents. Existing multiple‐complex coefficient‐filter based phase locked loop is used to extract the positive and negative sequence components. The proposed strategy deploys existing dual vector current control to ensure optimal current injection and low voltage ride through. A distributed ride‐through coordination approach among multiple inverters is also proposed based on different optimisation goals – either fundamental positive or fundamental negative sequence voltage support. The strategy is simulated, and inverter's transient performance is experimentally verified on a modified IEEE‐13 bus test feeder using controller hardware‐in‐the‐loop approach. Results show substantial evidence that the proposed method can be successfully applied to support the grid during an unbalanced fault event.
Keratectasia after Laser in situ Keratomileusis (2005)

On morphological examination of 2 cases with corneal ectasia, a forward protrusion of both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces occurred, and epithelial detachment, Bowman's membrane breakage and folding and irregular lamellae were found. The 2 cases had greatly thinned and protruding corneas, yet there was no abnormality in the corneal endothelium.
Real-time verification of network properties using Atomic Predicates (2013)

Network management will benefit from automated tools based upon formal methods. Several such tools have been published in the literature. We present a new formal method for a new tool, Atomic Predicates (AP) Verifier, which is much more time and space efficient than existing tools. Given a set of predicates representing packet filters, AP Verifier computes a set of atomic predicates, which is minimum and unique. The use of atomic predicates dramatically speeds up computation of network reachability. We evaluated the performance of AP Verifier using forwarding tables and ACLs from three large real networks. The atomic predicate sets of these networks were computed very quickly and their sizes are surprisingly small. Real networks are subject to dynamic state changes over time as a result of rule insertion and deletion by protocols and operators, failure and recovery of links and boxes, etc. In a software-defined network, the network state can be observed in real time and thus may be controlled in real time. AP Verifier includes algorithms to process such events and check compliance with network policies and properties in real time. We compare time and space costs of AP Verifier with NetPlumber using datasets from the real networks.
Regional Distribution of Foreign Manufacturing Investment in Spain. Do Agglomeration Economies Matter (2003)

The objective of this paper is to examine the nature and determinants of the regional distribution of FDI within Spain with special emphasis in agglomeration factors. Although the paper focuses in the manufacturing investment, considered a key factor in the economic transformation happened during the last 35 years, and traditionally the large part of FDI until the mid of eighties, the analysis distinguish between total FDI case and manufacturing FDI case. The paper is of interest for two main reasons: first this study introduces agglomeration and urbanization variables to test if they are decisive location factors. As it is showed in the part of description of the variables, there are very few studies of location determinants that consider new economic geography variables. In second tem, there are very few studies of location determinants of FDI in Spain, and even fewer that focus in regional areas. The precedent of this paper is another previous study, where the traditional cost and market determinants were empirically tested, a descriptive part of the work showed a high geographical concentration, so one possible explication could be that agglomeration and urbanization economies were decisive location factors. This study introduces some agglomeration and urbanization variables to test if they are decisive location factors in Spanish regions, distinguishing total FDI case and manufacturing FDI case. The article is divided into five further sections. The next section examines the location determinants of FDI and reviews the existing literature in regional/state location factors. The second section provides details on the database and the econometric methodology. In the forth section the empirical results are discussed. The final section offers a summary and concluding remarks.
Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms at 11 Years in Children Born Extremely Preterm: The EPICure Study (2010)

After extremely preterm birth, impaired lung function and increased respiratory morbidity persist into middle childhood, especially among those with BPD. Many of these children may not be receiving appropriate treatment.
Primary care psychiatry (1992)

30 years ago may be recreated to some extent in community homes run by untrained staff, in seaside areas where perhaps insufficient resources have been devoted to a comprehensive re-provision programme.
Synthesis and evaluation of cyanine–styryl dyes with enhanced photostability for fluorescent DNA staining (2013)

The photostability of cyanine-styryl dyes of the indole-quinolinium type can be significantly improved by structural variations while the excellent optical properties including the bright fluorescence in the presence of DNA can be maintained or even improved, too.
Mlicrosomal Enzyme Induction, Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis (1988)

The liver is the principal site for the synthesis and elimination of lipoproteins circulating in plasma, and alterations in hepatic function influence plasma lipoprotein levels. High HDL-C/T-C and apo A-I/apo B ratios, which are characteristic of a low coronary risk, have been typical of healthy subjects with high microsomal enzyme activity in the liver. Microsomal enzyme inducing drugs such as phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine, and also alcohol, influence serum lipid and apoprotein concentrations. The inducers increase the concentrations of hepatic microsomal enzyme and apo A-I mRNA, and also proteins and phospholipids. They similarly increase serum HDL-C and apo A-I levels and the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio, powerful protective factors against coronary heart disease. These parameters parallel hepatic protein and phospholipid concentrations, and microsomal enzyme activity as assessed by liver cytochrome P-450 or antipyrine kinetics. Serum LDL-C levels are inversely proportional to hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations. Experimental studies indicate that phenobarbital retards cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. A decreased mortality rate from coronary heart disease has been reported for subjects who take enzyme inducers, drugs or alcohol, whereas impairment of hepatic microsomal function may promote atherogenesis. In addition to drugs non-pharmacological factors such as dietary constituents and physical exercise may influence hepatic microsomal function and hence improve the serum lipoprotein profile. These observations, which connect microsomal inducers, liver lipids and proteins, serum lipids and apoproteins characteristic of a low risk of atherosclerotic disease and low incidence of coronary deaths, lead to the conclusion that the activation of liver microsomal function can prevent atherogenesis in man.
Protein kinase C‐ε is involved in the adenosine‐activated signal transduction pathway conferring protection against ischemia‐reperfusion injury in primary rat neuronal cultures (2003)

Adenosine activates a signal transduction pathway (STP) in the heart and the brain, conferring protection against ischemia-reperfusion insult. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC), probably mainly PKC-epsilon, has been demonstrated to be part of the heart STP, but its role in the neuronal pathway is less clear. Here, we provide proof for the participation of PKC-epsilon in the neuronal adenosine-activated STP. Primary rat neuronal cultures were exposed to chemical ischemia by iodoacetate, followed by reperfusion. The cultured neurons were protected against this insult by activation of the adenosine mechanism, by N6-(R)-phenylisopropyladenosine [R(-)-PIA], a specific A1 adenosine receptor agonist. Exposure of the cultures to bisindolylmaleimide I, a highly selective PKC inhibitor, abrogated the protection. The exposure of the cultures to R(-)-PIA was found to result in phosphorylation (activation) of PKC-epsilon. Furthermore, insertion into the cells of a specific peptide inhibitor of PKC-epsilon translocation (epsilonV1-2), also abrogated the protection conferred by R(-)-PIA. These results demonstrate that activation of PKC-epsilon is a vital step in the neuronal adenosine-activated STP.
Hipertensión pulmonar primaria: Actualización terapéutica (2005)

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a pathology of unknown origin. The growing development of new therapeutic options allows for the increase in the quality and the life expectancy of the affected patients. 25 to 30% of patients respond to the treatment with calcium channel blockers in high doses. The non-responsive ones can be treated with prostanoids (epoprostenol, iloprost, treprostinil and beraprost) or with endothelin antagonists (bosentan and sitaxsentan). The first ones are drugs with a half-life of short elimination, that must be administrated in a continuous infusion or in several daily administrations. The endothelin antagonists present half-lives of more prolonged elimination, which allows them to be administrated by oral pathway. Other therapeutic options include the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, like sildenafil. Additional studies are necessary to establish the long-term efficiency and safety of these drugs and to determine whether the combined therapy with more than one of them may result beneficial
A new endoillumination infusion cannula for pars plana vitrectomy. (1980)

A new endoillumination infusion cannula has been developed that allows for wide field illumination of the retina during pars plana vitrectomy surgery. This frees the surgeon from having to use one of the intravitreal probes for endoillumination when using the bimanual technique in pars plana vitrectomy. This innovative endoillumination source also can be used with indirect ophthalmoscopy, at surgery, avoiding the glare generated by the indirect ophthalmoscope's light beam interacting with the corneal surface and the condensing lens surfaces.