gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Student Cheating: A Defensive Essay (1992)

Recently, while monitoring a test, I recalled a story told by Pat Hartwell about a pair of linguistic anthropologists working among the people of Africa. They went to an illiterate farmer with several items, kitchen utensils, say, and fruits, asking the farmer to group the items. The farmer grouped them using what educational researchers might call an operational schema: the knife with the orange, the spoon with the broth, the tea ball with the tea. Why did you do like that? they asked. After some thought, the farmer replied, That's the way smart people do Next, the researchers asked, How would a stupid person do it? The farmer immediately regrouped the items into more abstract groups-tools, fruits, vegetables. That's the way stupid people would do it (1987, 4). I remembered this story when I stepped out of my classroom while students were taking a test. On returning, I looked in the window before opening the door. I saw several students talking among themselves and looking over items on the test. Quickly, I considered all my options, the usual ones first: I could go in, make a scene, and throw the culprits out; I could talk to the students individually; I could see that points were deducted from the offenders' scores. I stood there, my hand on the doorknob, considering my next step. What I began to realize, as I stood there watching, was that the students weren't copying answers; they were discussing options. They weren't avoiding the test; they were solving it. Faced with an approaching deadline, a difficult task, a threatening situation, and a system that valued outcomes, they were putting their heads together to work out the best solutions they could. As I watched and saw and understood-over about fifteen seconds, my
Serum Affinity Chromatography for the Detection of lgG Alloantibodies in a Patient with High‐Titer lgM Cold Agglutinins (1998)

Abstract Background and Objectives : High‐titer cold autoagglutinins (CA) interfere with the detection of alloantibodies against red‐blood‐cell antigens. The diagnostic procedure is extremely difficult, especially under pressure of time. It was the purpose of the study to find out whether quantitative IgG purification from serum of plasma by affinity chromatography facilitates the detection of IgG alloantibodies in the presence of high‐titer IgM CA. Materials and Methods : Serum: IgM‐ϰ CA, 0°C titer = 65,000; five anti‐IgG reactive alloantibodies. Affinity chromatography: HiTrap protein G 1‐ml affinity column (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). Results : All IgG alloantibodies were detectable in the eluate after affinity chromatography without interference of IgM CA. Conclusion : IgG alloantibodies in the presence of high‐titer IgM CA can be easily and rapidly detected under routine conditions by quantitative IgG purification from serum or plasma by affinity chromatography.
Multicore-Aware Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Data Centers (2016)

Finding the best way to map virtual machines (VMs) to physical machines (PMs) in a cloud data center is an important optimization problem, with significant impact on costs, performance, and energy consumption. In most situations, the computational capacity of PMs and the computational load of VMs are a vital aspect to consider in the VM-to-PM mapping. Previous work modeled computational capacity and load as one-dimensional quantities. However, today's PMs have multiple processor cores, all of which can be shared by cores of multiple multicore VMs, leading to complex scheduling issues within a single PM, which the one-dimensional problem formulation cannot capture. In this paper, we argue that at least a simplified model of these scheduling issues should be taken into account during VM placement. We show how constraint programming techniques can be used to solve this problem, leading to significant improvement over non-multicore-aware VM placement. Several ways are presented to hybridize an exact constraint solver with common packing heuristics to derive an effective and scalable algorithm.
Acoustic pressure losses in woven screen regenerators (2013)

In thermoacoustic travelling-wave engines and other Stirling cycle devices, good performance depends on the material of a regenerator being in intimate contact with the gas inside it, so that each particle of gas oscillates in temperature following the adjacent material as it is acoustically displaced. This requires that the passages are small enough for temperature waves to penetrate across the gas path with the frequencies of interest. One type of ‘regenerator’ that is commonly used for this purpose is composed of multiple layers of woven stainless steel mesh, laid on top of one another in random registration. Associated with the thermal penetration is a viscous loss of pressure and this must be quantified if efficient engines are to be designed. In the literature, reliance has been placed on the correlation of steady-flow loss data for these meshes, but for the coarser ones operating at frequencies greater than 28 Hz, the assumption of quasi steady-flow is dubious and direct acoustic measurements must be made. This paper reports acoustic pressure loss data for meshes with 34 and 75 wires per inch taken in two configurations of impedance tube, and finds that the dependence on velocity is the same as in steady-flow, but that there is indeed some enhancement of loss for frequencies above 40 Hz. (Separation of the mesh layers is probably responsible for the anomalously low loss coefficients that were recorded in one set of data.) It is shown that the acoustic pressure losses can be correlated in terms that give the acoustic impedance more directly than the friction factor correlations.
Recovery of temporal information from off-line arabic handwritten (2005)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a system of restoration of temporal order in the offline Arabic handwritten tracing. The word image, captured in level of gray from a scanner with a resolution of 300 dpi, passes by four stages of preprocessing: binarization, filtering, smoothing and elimination of the diacritical signs. A first algorithm calculates for every point of the contour a curvature function. The local maximas of this function correspond to the dominant points of the contour. The dominant points correspond to all angular variations on the contour (end of the stroke, cross point, branch point, pocket, buckle...). A sweep of a window of a dimension equal to the triple of the thickness, of the stroke permits to detect cross and branch points of features and a suitable algorithm permits to solve the problem of the temporal order in these ambiguous zones. Finally, another algorithm permits to detect the starting point and to follow the tracing in order to reconstitute the order in which it has been written. The system is improved by an algorithm that treats the particular cases concerning the starting point, the ambiguous zone analysis and the progression of the system at the time of the follow-up of the contour. Preliminary results obtained from our basis (50 words written by 2 people), are: detection of the point of departure: 96%; correct interpretation of ambiguous zones: 95%; and movement of pen (temporal order) recovered: 92%.
Thermal Stability and Electrical Resistivity of SiTaN[sub x] Heating Layer for Phase-Change Memories (2006)

Highly resistive amorphous films were studied focusing on their use as heating layers for phase-change random-access memory (PCRAM). The measured electrical resistivity of films between 0.069 and fulfills the requirements of a suitable heating layer suggested by simulations and is determined by nitrogen content which is tunable up to 52.8%. The films with higher nitrogen contents showed excellent thermal stability with amorphous structure sustained until at least . However, these samples exhibited a high degree of temperature-dependent resistivity and showed a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at the temperature range . The negative TCR increases with increasing N content and ratio. The binding energy of films changes with nitrogen content and ratio, conforming with the performance of electrical resistivity. By considering electrical resistivity at the range and low TCR, compositions, 33.5–34.5 Si, 15.0–16.0 Ta, and 48–50 N in atom %, are recommended optimal for PCRAM heating layers. The single cells with a heating layer underwent preliminary testing.
Comparison of Electrochemical and Surface Properties of Bare and TiO[sub 2]-Coated LiNi[sub 0.8]Co[sub 0.2]O[sub 2] Electrodes (2004)

The electrochemical behaviors of native and -coated electrodes which were cycled in different potential regions (i.e., 3.0-4.3 and 3.0-4.6 V) were investigated by the powder microelectrode technique. The surface species on the electrodes were also studied by Fourier transform infrared and temperature-programmed desorption-mass spectroscopy (TPD-MS) techniques. Different oxidation products were formed on the bare and coated electrodes, respectively. The results indicated that the improved cyclic stability of the coated electrodes may be attributed to formation of different surface oxide films through an electro-oxidation mechanism of the solvents on the electrodes. A possible electro-oxidation mechanism has been proposed based on the results. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A model of ventilatory instability induced in the unrestrained rat (1992)

A classic conditioning paradigm was used to examine the hypothesis that perturbations during sleep in the neonate rat can have a lasting impact on breathing. During the first 4 wk of life, stimuli were presented to rats during behaviorally defined sleep. In a conditioned hypoxic (CH) group, brief periods of hypoxic gas were used as the unconditioned stimulus. Tactile and auditory stimuli were used as the conditioned stimuli. In a conditioned control (CC) group, air was used as the unconditioned stimulus. A third group of unconditioned control (UC) rats was not exposed to the conditioning paradigm. Animals were provided routine care for 3.5 mo; ventilation was then assessed using plethysmography. Conditioning during neonatal life produced increased ventilatory irregularities and apnea during behaviorally defined sleep in adult rats. Both CH and CC rats showed a significantly greater number of apneic events compared with UC rats. Over a 2-h sleep period, CH rats exhibited a total of 105.1 +/- 9.4 (SE) apneic events, CC rats 69.4 +/- 4.2 events, and UC rats 42.1 +/- 3.1 events [F(2,18) = 25.568; P < 0.0001]. These findings suggest that experiences in the first few weeks of life will alter ventilatory patterning in the adult animal.
Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Micelles onto Topographically Patterned Surface (2015)

We report a facile method to control directed self-assembly (DSA) of spherical micelles of block copolymers (BCPs) by topographically patterned surface. A cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer [Mn,PS = 175 kg/mol, Mn,P2VP = 70 kg/mol, and polydipersity index (PDI) = 1.08] was phase-separated on a thin film of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by solvent annealing. By additional treatment with ethanol as a preferential solvent for P2VP block, the surface of BCP thin film was reconstructed to produce nanopores. Nanoporous structures in BCP thin films were transferred to the underlying hydrophilic PVA film by reactive ion etching (RIE). Then spherical BCP micelles were quickly self-assembled within the nanopores in the PVA layer due to topographical contrast and surface energy difference during spin-coating. Consequently, the site-selective array of BCP micelles was utilized as templates to achieve heterogeneous organization of nanoparticles and organic fluorescent dyes over a large area. In addition, it was observed that those heterogeneous assemblies showed a remarkable decrease in fluorescence intensity of organic dyes.
Non-Specific Depurination Activity of Saporin-S6, a Ribosome-Inactivating Protein, under Acidic Conditions (2000)

Among five ribosome-inactivating proteins tested only saporin-S6 could efficiently release the adenine from adenosine 20 of the synthetic oligoribonucleotide (SRD RNA) mimic of the sarcin/ricin domain of rat 28S rRNA with a Km of 9 microM and a kcat of approximately 0.4 min(-1) at pH 7.6. The optimal pH for the depurination activity of saporin-S6 is 5.0. However, saporin-S6 lost its site-specificity of depurination on SRD RNA around the optimal pH. The non-specific depurination activity of saporin-S6 was dependent on the enzyme concentration and pH conditions. These results are valuable to understand the diversity and the depurination mechanism of ribosome-inactivating proteins.
SDDNet: Real-Time Crack Segmentation (2019)

This article reports the development of a pure deep learning method for segmenting concrete cracks in images. The objectives are to achieve the real-time performance while effectively negating a wide range of various complex backgrounds and crack-like features. To achieve the goals, an original convolutional neural network is proposed. The model consists of standard convolutions, densely connected separable convolution modules, a modified atrous spatial pyramid pooling module, and a decoder module. The semantic damage detection network (SDDNet) is trained on a manually created crack dataset, and the trained network records the mean intersection-over-union of 0.846 on the test set. Each test image is analyzed, and the representative segmentation results are presented. The results show that the SDDNet segments cracks effectively unless the features are too faint. The proposed model is also compared with the most recent models, which show that it returns better evaluation metrics even though its number of parameters is 88 times less than in the compared models. In addition, the model processes in real-time (36 FPS) images at 1025 × 512 pixels, which is 46 times faster than in a recent work.
HOMAGE: a heterogeneous object-based environment to develop multi-agent systems (1996)

This paper presents an object based programming environment, called HOMAGE, for the development of multiagent systems. This environment offers two different programming levels: object and agent. The object level allows the development of agent models and systems on the basis of two traditional object-oriented programming languages (i.e. C++ and Common Lisp). The agent level allows to specialize the agent models defined at the object level and to develop real multi-agent systems through a multi-agent oriented language, called MAPL++. Moreover, this environment offers a set of communication and distribution libraries to distribute a system on the Internet and to allow the communication between agents through different protocols. The paper includes a brief description of some personal assistants that have been implemented during experimentation with this environment.
Curvature Measures of 3D Vector Fields and their Applications (2002)

Tangent curves are a powerful tool for analyzing and visualizing vector fields. In this paper two of their most important properties are examined: their curvature and torsion. Furthermore, the concept of normal surfaces is introduced to the theory of 3D vector fields, and their Gaussian and mean curvature are analyzed. It is shown that those four curvature measures tend to infinity near critical points of a 3D vector field. Applications utilizing this behaviour for the (topological) treatment of critical points are discussed.
.alpha.-Fluoro- and .alpha.-hydroxypyridylalanines (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Fluoro- and .alpha.-hydroxypyridylalaninesScotty J. Norton, P. Timothy Sullivan, and Cynthia B. SullivanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 3, 211–214Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00285a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00285a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from porcine liver. (1991)

A phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) of porcine liver was purified to exhibit transfer activity similar to that of bovine liver but with different structural properties. By using hydrophobic Phenyl-agarose column as the last purification step, a 1400-fold purification with 20% yield was attained. Comparative studies on the effects of pH, salt, and temperature on the phosphatidylcholine transfer activity revealed that PC-TP from porcine and bovine livers were similar as far as its activity is concerned. However, the amino acid compositions, the molecular weight, and the elution profiles during protein purification for the two proteins are markedly different. It is suggested that the amino acid composition of PC-TP could be significantly altered without changing its activity and specificity.
Refractive index profiling of an optical waveguide from the determination of the effective index with measured differential fields (2012)

The evanescent tails of a guiding mode as well as its first and second derivatives were measured by a modified end-fire coupling method. The effective index of the waveguide can be obtained by simultaneously fitting these three fields using single parameter. Combined with an inverse calculation algorithm, the fields with fitted evanescent tails showed great improvement in the refractive index profiling of the optical waveguide, especially at the substrate region. Single-mode optical fibers and planar waveguides of proton-exchanged (PE) and titanium-indiffusion (Ti:LiNbO3) on lithium niobate substrates with different refractive index profiles were measured for the demonstration.
Expression of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Brain Tumor Tissue Derived Cells (2014)

Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression by tumor cells contributes to tumor growth and angiogenesis and thus these factors may be considered as tumor markers. Here we aimed to characterize cells directly extracted from glioma, meningioma, and secondary brain tumors as well as non-tumoral cells in vitro. Cells were isolated from brain tissues using 0.2% collagenase and characterized by flow cytometry. Expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, CXCR7, RANTES, CCR5, MCP-1 and IP-10 was defined using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR methods. Brain tissue isolated cells were observed as spindle-shaped cell populations. No significant differences were observed for expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, CXCR7, RANTES, CCR5, and IP-10 transcripts. However, the expression of CXCR4 was approximately 13-fold and 110-fold higher than its counterpart, CXCR7, in meningioma and glioma cells, respectively. CXCR7 was not detectable in secondary tumors but CXCR4 was expressed. In non tumoral cells, CXCR7 had 1.3-fold higher mRNA expression than CXCR4. Flow cytometry analyses of RANTES, MCP- 1, IP-10, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression showed no significant difference between low and high grade gliomas. Differential expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in brain tumors derived cells compared to non-tumoral samples may have crucial impacts on therapeutic interventions targeting the SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis.
The Relative Role of Transplacental and Milk Immune Transfer in Protection Against Lethal Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Mice (1984)

The role of passive maternal immunity in neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is controversial. C57BL/6 mice born to HSV-immune mothers had significantly greater survival than those born to nonimmune mothers after an intraperitoneal or oral HSV challenge. In subsequent experiments with intraperitoneal and oral HSV challenge, non-immune mice that were foster fed for one week by actively or passively immunized mothers were significantly protected. Injections of passive antibody postpartum in nonimmune mother mice resulted in detectable transfer of antibody to HSV to their infant mice via breast milk. In mice, maternal breast milk, not transplacentally derived antibody, protects neonates from low-dose HSV infection.
Synthesis and reactivity of 1‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐4‐diazo‐5‐benzoylamidopyrazole. A potential antitumor agent (1984)

Abstract The title compound 2 was prepared in excellent yield by diazotation of the parent amino derivative. Compound 2 was found to react with a variety of acyclic and cyclic active methylene compounds to yield the corresponding pyrazolo‐4‐ylhydrazones.
The Synthesis of Certain Substituted 2,2'-Bipyridyls<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Certain Substituted 2,2'-Bipyridyls1Francis H. CaseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 12, 2574–2577Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01216a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01216a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2137Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts