gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal engineering of analogous and homologous organic compounds: hydrogen bonding patterns in trimethoprim hydrogen phthalate and trimethoprim hydrogen adipate (2006)

In the crystal structure of trimethoprim hydrogen phthalate, the hydrogen-bonded network is remarkably identical with its aliphatic analogue, trimethoprim hydrogen maleate. Similarly in the crystal structure of trimethoprim hydrogen adipate the hydrogen bonded network resembles its homolog trimethoprim hydrogen glutarate.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of 1,1,2‐Trichloro‐1,2,2‐trifluoroethane to Alkenes and Alkynes Initiated by a Redox System. (1990)

Abstract 1,1,2‐Trifluoro‐1,2,2‐trichloroethane (I) reacts with the terminal olefins (II) in the presence of ammonium peroxodisulfate and sodium formate to give the saturated halogenated hydrocarbons (III).
Structural analysis of the aircraft wing box with a splice joint in the bottom skin (2013)

Structural analysis is an important part of the design splice joint and development of the aircraft structure. Aircraft is a complex mechanical structure with a very high structural safety record. Safety and the structural weight are important parameters to be considered in the design phase. Rarely an aircraft will fail due to a static overload during its service life. Airframe is a semi-monocoque construction. The attachment joints are inevitable in any large structure like an airframe. Splicing is normally used to retain a clean aerodynamic surface of the wing skin. The wings are the most important lift-producing part of the aircraft. Wings vary in design depending upon the aircraft type and its purpose. The wing box has two crucial joints, the skin splice joint and spar splice joint. Top and bottom skins of inboard and outboard portions are joined together by means of skin splicing. Front and rear spars of inboard and outboard are joined together by means of spar splicing. The skins resist much of the bending moment in the wing and the spars resist the shear force. This paper includes the detailed analysis of the chord-wise splicing of wing skin. The splicing is considered as a multi row riveted joint under the action of tensile in plane load due to wing bending. Stress analysis of the joint is carried out to compute the stresses at rivet holes due to by-pass load and bearing load. The stresses are estimated using the finite element approach. In this paper for modelling CATIA V5 software is used and for analysis tool MSC/ PATRAN and MSC/ NASTRAN 2010.
A 20 MHz test vector generator for producing tests that detect single 4- and 5-coupling faults in RAMs (2002)

The author describes a 20 MHz RAM test vector generator that generates both deterministic and probabilistic tests for detecting single 4-coupling or 5-coupling faults (as defined by Nair, Thatte, and Abraham). Such faults model pattern sensitivities involving 4 or 5 cells, respectively, when nothing is known about the mapping from logical cell addresses to physical cell locations. The generated tests are thus unaffected by cell re-arrangements resulting from multiple vendors, decoder address scrambling, and repair using redundant cells. Using a parallel test mode, all sub-arrays in a RAM can be tested together even if each sub-array has a different cell arrangement. The generator consists of one 60 K transistor semicustom IC and one 4 Mbit look-up PROM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visual masking: past accomplishments, present status, future developments (2007)

Visual masking, throughout its history, has been used as an investigative tool in exploring the temporal dynamics of visual perception, beginning with retinal processes and ending in cortical processes concerned with the conscious registration of stimuli. However, visual masking also has been a phenomenon deemed worthy of study in its own right. Most of the recent uses of visual masking have focused on the study of central processes, particularly those involved in feature, object and scene representations, in attentional control mechanisms, and in phenomenal awareness. In recent years our understanding of the phenomenon and cortical mechanisms of visual masking also has benefited from several brain imaging techniques and from a number of sophisticated and neurophysiologically plausible neural network models. Key issues and problems are discussed with the aim of guiding future empirical and theoretical research.
Read the Book? Seen the Movie? Buy the DVD! (2004)

Bookstores are becoming remarkably adaptable with the lines they stock, catching onto new entertainment trends increasingly swiftly and some booksellers are achieving success with DVDs since their advent, while others are just beginning to entertain the idea. DVD suppliers are starting to see bookstores as a potentially lucrative new link to the buying public, particularly when it comes to catching the impulse buyer or browsing shopper on the lookout for a good tale.
SHORT NOTICES (1959)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access The Gallican Rite. By W. S. PORTER. Pp. 64. (Studies in Eucharistic Faith and Practice edited by F. L. CROSS, iv.) London: Mowbray, 1958. 6s. E. A. LIVINGSTONE E. A. LIVINGSTONE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume X, Issue 2, October 1959, Pages 463–464, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/X.2.463 Published: 01 October 1959
Can nanoparticles be useful for antiviral therapy? (2011)

In this paper, optical properties of the system consisting of mesoparticles\n(small dielectric particles) and nanoparticles (quantum dots) of various shapes have been\nconsidered. This system can be characterized by resonant absorption of electromagnetic\nwaves and used for developing the new approach to antiviral therapy.
Transparent Polysilsesquioxane Films Obtained from Bridged Ureasil Precursors: Tunable Photoluminescence Emission in the Visible Region and Filtering of UV‐Radiation (2010)

Abstract Bridged ureasil precursors were synthesized by the reaction of either ethylenediamine (1 mol) or m ‐xylylenediamine (1 mol) with isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (2 mol). Transparent polysilsesquioxane films were obtained by the hydrolytic condensation of the pure precursors or their co‐condensation in a 50:50 molar ratio. Films based on pure ureasil precursors showed a blue photoluminescent emission band assigned to the photoinduced proton‐transfer among H‐bonded urea groups and the subsequent radiative recombination of ionized groups. Films synthesized by the co‐condensation of both precursors exhibited a significant red‐shift of their absorption, excitation, and emission spectra, associated to de‐localization of H‐bonds, and a high absorption of UV‐radiation. magnified image
[Effect of microbial derived agents on the level of blood cytokines, hematological status and survival of mice following combined radiation injury]. (2001)

Mice models of acute radiation and combined radiation injuries (whole body irradiation + thermal burn) were used for the experiments. Blood serum response of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-3, and GM-CSF was evaluated after single injection of bacterially derived products (BDPs). As it was established, BDPs revealed different ability for cytokine increasing activity: Imuvert (extract from Serratia marcescens) > synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate > heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus. The capacity of BDPs to enhance survival of animals did not depend on its cytokine-inducing and hematopoietic activities.
Improving RSVP for better support of Internet multimedia communications (2003)

We have observed the failure of RSVP to be widely accepted as the solution to resource reservation in the Internet. Because we are convinced of the need for resource reservation, in at least parts of the Internet, to support multimedia communications, we have set about trying to improve RSVP. By careful study of the protocol, we have identified areas for improvement, and propose REDO RSVP, a reduced overhead version that includes a fast establishment mechanism (FEM). We describe the rationale for REDO RSVP and present an analysis of its features and operations.
Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation Based on Multihypothesis Motion Estimation and Texture Optimization (2013)

A novel motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) algorithm to increase video temporal resolutions based on multihypothesis motion estimation and texture optimization is proposed in this paper. Initially, we form multiple motion hypotheses for each pixel by employing different motion estimation parameters, i.e., different block sizes and directions. Then, we determine the best motion hypothesis for each pixel by solving a labeling problem and optimizing the parameters. In the labeling problem, the cost function is composed of color, shape, and smoothness terms. Finally, we refine the motion hypothesis field based on the texture optimization technique and blend multiple source pixels to interpolate each pixel in the intermediate frame. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides significantly better MCFI performance than conventional algorithms.
Heuristic solution of MMKP in different distributed admission control and QoS adaptation architectures for video on demand service (2005)

This paper presents the application of multidimensional multiple-choice knapsack problem (MMKP) to admission control and QoS adaptation of multimedia sessions to maximize revenue from multimedia services for distributed video on demand service (DVoDS) over the Internet. We have discussed different distributed admission control and QoS adaptation architectures and their request handling policies. We have introduced the mapping of utility model-distributed (UM-D) by different admission controllers to the MMKP, a variant of the classical 0-1 knapsack problem. An exact solution of MMKP, an NP-hard problem, is not applicable for the online admission control problem in the VoD system. Therefore we have applied heuristics, IHEU and C-HEU for solving the MMKP for online real-time admission control and QoS adaptation. We present a qualitative analysis of the performance of these heuristics as well as greedy approach to solve admission control problems based on the worst-case complexity analysis and the experimental results from different sized data sets. The performance of different distributed admission control architectures applied in a simulated environment over a set of media server farm has been discussed detail using the experimental outcome
Over-expression of LPTS-L in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 induces crisis (2002)

LPTS-L is a potent telomerase inhibitor. Over-expression of LPTS-L can induce hepatoma cells into crisis due to the reduction of telomerase activity.
Effect of repeated freezing–thawing on the Achilles tendon of rabbits (2010)

The increased use of allograft tissue in the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament has brought more focus to the effect of storage and treatment on allograft. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of histology and biomechanics on Achilles tendon in rabbits through repeated freezing-thawing before allograft tendon transplantation. Rabbit Achilles tendons were harvested and processed according to the manufacture's protocol of tissue bank, and freezing-thawing was repeated three times (group 1) and ten times (group 2). Those received only one cycle were used as controls. Then, tendons in each group were selected randomly to make for histological observations and biomechanics test. Histological observation showed that the following changes happened as the number of freezing-thawing increased: the arrangement of tendon bundles and collagen fibrils became disordered until ruptured, cells disrupted and apparent gaps appeared between tendon bundle because the formation of ice crystals. There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the values of maximum load, energy of maximum load and maximum stress, whereas no significant differences existed in other values such as stiffness, maximum strain, elastic modulus, and energy density. Therefore, repeated freezing-thawing had histological and biomechanical effect on Achilles tendon in rabbits before allograft tendon transplantation. This indicates that cautions should be taken in the repeated freezing-thawing preparation of allograft tendons in clinical application.
Synthesis and some transformations of 4-aryl-substituted amines of the tetrahydropyran series (2011)

The reaction of 2-isopropyltetrahydropyran-4-one [obtained by isomerization and hydration of 3-isopropylpent-1-en-4-yn-3-ol in the presence of 5% sulfuric acid and mercury(II) sulfate] with ethyl cyanoacetate gave ethyl cyano(2-isopropyltetrahydropyran-4-ylidene)acetate which was treated with 4-tolylmagnesium chloride. The resulting ethyl cyano[2-isopropyl-4-(4-tolyl)tetrahydropyran-4-yl]acetate was subjected to decarbethoxylation to obtain 2-isopropyl-4-(4-tolyl)tetrahydropyran-4-ylacetonitrile. The latter was reduced to the corresponding amine with lithium tetrahydridoaluminate, and the reduction product was brought into condensation with aromatic aldehydes. The Schiff bases thus formed were reduced with sodium tetrahydridoborate, followed by N-acylation with acetyl and propionyl chlorides.
Investigations into database management system support for expert system shells (vols. I and II) (1993)

Many expert system shells are available for developing production rule based expert system applications. However, it is difficult to rapidly change those applications to respond to changing business conditions. Each shell has its own production rule language and inferencing capabilities. It is unclear what information can be shared (reused). Use of main memory instead of a shared, common source for rules constrains the size of applications and can result in duplication. Maintenance is not immediately available to existing inference sessions and updates made by a session only affect that session.
This thesis approaches production rules and working storage as data that can be managed by enhanced database management systems (DBMSs). Five expert system shells are studied. A composite (canonical) production rule syntax is developed which provides knowledge engineers with a common language for production rules. It is mapped into an integrated data model for use by tool developers who wish to design common production rule storage databases and maintenance tools. Extensions to the data model allow expert system shell developers to reduce main memory constraints by using a DBMS to store and manage execution data. The analysis performed in building the data model reveals where translation, system enhancements, or standard definitions are required to share production rules.
Two DBMS enhancements are defined to facilitate management of production rule and execution data (but which also have other applications). Reflexive indexes enable a DBMS to incrementally maintain transitive closures (including multiple tables, duplicates, side paths, and accumulated values) as a database index. They simplify query formats, and eliminate the need for recursive processing during retrieval. One use is to accumulate rule premise evaluation values during inferencing. The inference locking protocol allows concurrent, dynamic access by those maintaining and executing control data. For example, it provides greater flexibility in maintaining production rules by allowing knowledge engineers to use multiple versions and notification to control how updates to production rules affect other maintenance and inference sessions. The protocol can also be used to extend production rule capabilities by allowing production rules to maintain production rules concurrently with other maintenance and inference sessions.
703. Aza-steroids. Part VI. Beckmann rearrangement of some α-hydroxy-ketoximes (1963)

C. W. Shoppee and S. K. Roy, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3774 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003774
Exposure to ornithine results in excessive accumulation of putrescine and apoptotic cell death in ornithine decarboxylase overproducing mouse myeloma cells. (1995)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, aliphatic polycations that are indispensable for the process of mammalian cell proliferation. The mouse myeloma cell line, 653-1, massively overproduces ODC due to the amplification of an active ODC gene. The addition of ornithine to the growth medium of 653-1 cells results in a massive increase in the intracellular concentration of putrescine, followed by rapid cell death. Ornithine-treated 653-1 cells display fragmented nuclei, chromatin condensation, and an oligonucleosome-sized DNA "ladder"; consequently, their death can be described as apoptosis. Accumulation of putrescine in 653-1 cells is accompanied by a rapid decrease of protein synthesis activity, suggesting that protein synthesis inhibition may be the cause for the apoptotic death of 653-1 cells. However, since the apoptotic death provoked by exposure of 653-1 cells to ornithine reached a maximal level earlier than that caused by cycloheximide, we conclude that protein synthesis inhibition is unlikely to be the direct cause of the observed apoptotic cell death.
[Directed screening of aminoglycoside antibiotic producers on selective media with gentamycin]. (1981)

The method of directed screening of aminoglycoside antibiotics is based on the natural phenomenon that fresh isolates of Micromonospora are highly resistant to the antibiotics produced by them. The method consists of plating of the soil samples on selective media with gentamicin (10--25 micrograms/ml). The frequency of Micromonospora against the total number of the isolated actinomycetes increased from 3.3--11.4 to 30.6--78 per cent. The number of the cultures isolated from the control medium and active against gramnegative test-bacteria amounted to 13.4 per cent, while the number of Micromonospora isolated from the selective medium with gentamicin and active against gramnegative test-bacteria amounted to 69.4 per cent. 37 crude antibiotics were isolated with the method of ion exchange concentration usually used for aminoglycoside antibiotics. The new antibiotics were identified as 2-desoxy amine-containing aminoglycosides by cross resistance of aminoglycoside resistant strains of Staphylococci to them, the methods of paper and thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. The majority of the aminoglycosides belonged to the gentamicin group. 2 compounds with molecular weights not described in the literature for aminoglycosides were isolated.
A Facile Preparation of Benzaldehyde Diaryl Acetals (1978)

Several benzaldehyde diaryl acetals were prepared in excellent yields by treating sodium phenolates with benzylidene dichloride in dimethyl sulfoxide under mild conditions.These acetals will be cumbersome to prepare by other synthetic methods.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most widely employed and most effective solvents for nucleophilic substitution reaction."The nucleophilic enhancement of anions by it is well known.The reactions of several gem-and vic-polychloroethanes containing 3-5 chlorine atoms with sodium phenolate in DMSO (or with sodium thiophenolate in N, N-dimethylformamide) have been demonstrated by Tanimoto and coworkers.2This procedure afforded either the mono-, di-or tetrasubstituted compounds of polychloroethylenes by phenoxyl group (or phenylthio group) as the main products.A recent report" from our laboratory described a new synthetic method to formaldehyde diaryl acetals, in which dichloromethane was reacted with sodium phenolates in DMSO under extremely mild conditions to give moderately good yields of the acetals.The employment of DMSO facilitated the reaction, which had been known to require a high-pressure handling at an elevated temperature, to proceed even at ambient temperature under atmospheric pressure.We report here an extension of this method-to the synthesis of several benzaldehyde diaryl acetals (3a-i), a new kind of acetals, which will be cumbersome to prepare by other synthetic methods.This synthesis uses readily
The role of APOBEC3B in chondrosarcoma (2014)

Chondrosarcomas rank as the third most common type of bone tumors. In the present study, we demonstrated that expression of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3B (APOBEC3B) was higher in cancer tissues when compared to that in normal tissues. In order to further investigate the effects of APOBEC3B expression, we knocked down APOBEC3B expression in chondrosarcoma cells. We found that the percentage of apoptotic cells was higher in the APOBEC3B-knockdown cells than the percentage in the untransfected cells. Furthermore, we found that the reduced antitumor activity of RUNX3 was caused by APOBEC3B. Finally, we demonstrated that caspase-3, -8 and -9 activity was significantly increased in the RUNX3-expressing cells with APOBEC3B knockdown. In summary, our results indicate that APOBEC3B knockdown may be a useful therapy to enhance apoptosis in chondrosarcoma.
Trophoblast 'pseudo-tumorigenesis': Significance and contributory factors (2004)

Trophoblast cells of the human placenta proliferate, migrate, and invade the pregnant uterus and its vasculature in order to nourish the developing fetus, in a way that is imitated by malignant tumors. Many similarities exist between embryo implantation and the growth of cancer cells. We begin this article by reviewing decades of studies that have helped unearth the mechanisms that contribute to the tumor-like phenotype of human trophoblast cells. Interestingly, these attributes are only transient in nature, with stringent spatial and temporal confines. The importance of intrinsic molecular controls that effectively circumscribe the extent and duration of trophoblast incursion, becomes increasingly evident in abnormal pregnancies that are characterized by aberrant trophoblast proliferation/invasion. We summarize and discuss the significance of abnormalities in these regulatory mechanisms, and finally, speculate about the use of human trophoblastic cells as model systems for the study of a variety of cellular processes. While on one hand, human placental cells are bestowed with a capacity to proliferate indefinitely and invade extensively, on the other, these cells are also replete with mechanisms to regulate these tumor-like attributes and eventually progress to a senescent apoptotic state. This is therefore, a 'well-behaved' tumor. The comparison in the present review is between the invasive cytotrophoblastic cell type and the tumor cell type.
Spectroscopic Imaging of Solid Planetary Surfaces (1995)

Seen from Sirius through the eye of the telescope, our inner solar system would easily fit within one CCD-pixel. The purpose of the present paper is: i) to provide with a general overview of the use of imaging or 3D-spectroscopy for the study of the solid planetary surfaces, ii) to demonstrate that the analysis of 3D spectroscopic data on the basis of spectral mixture modelling permits to describe the subpixel spectral variability related to mineralogy of the planetary solid surfaces. In the following, a few cases are discussed concerning the remote sensing investigation in the UV-VIS-nIR domain of the lunar, terrestrial and martian surfaces, documented by means of multispectral or hyperspectral data, produced by telescopic, airborne or orbital imaging spectroscopic techniques.
Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research under Siege — Battle Won but Not the War (2011)

The struggle over federal funding for research involving human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) continues — and may well be waged for years to come. On August 23, 2010, Chief Judge Royce Lamberth of the U.S. District Court of the District of Columbia granted the motion of plaintiffs James Sherley and others for a preliminary injunction holding that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research “violate the plain language of the Dickey–Wicker Amendment.”1 In so doing, Lamberth placed present and future public funding of human ESC research in jeopardy. On April 29, 2011, in a two-to-one . . .