gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neues über Carbene (1961)

Abstract In einer Übersicht über die neueste Literatur wird die Bildung von Carbenen durch Zersetzungs‐ und Eliminierungsreaktionen besprochen. Einschiebung, Addition und innermolekulare Umsetzungen sind Haupttypen der Carben‐Reaktionen. Abschließend wird auf Fragen des Elektronenzustands und Energieinhalts der Carbene eingegangen.
Mutation of Three Cysteine Residues in<i>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-China</i>C2 Protein Causes Dysfunction in Pathogenesis and Posttranscriptional Gene—Silencing Suppression (2002)

The nuclear localized C2 protein of the monopartite begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-China (TYLCV-C) contributes to viral pathogenicity. Here, we have investigated TYLCV-C C2 protein domains that play a role in the phenotype. Alignment of the C2 protein with 67 homologues from monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses revealed that a putative zinc-finger motif C36-X1-C38-X7-C46-X6-H53-X4-H58C59 and four potential phosphorylation sites (T52, S61, Y68, and S74) are highly conserved. When expressed from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector, TYLCV-C C2 protein mutants C2-T52M, C2-H58S, C2-C59S, C2-S61R, and C2-S74D, like the wild-type C2 protein, induced local necrotic ringspots and systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Mutants C2-H53P and C2-Y68D produced irregular necrotic lesions on inoculated leaves that were distinct from the wild-type phenotype. In contrast, mutants C2-C36R, C2-C38N, and C2-C46I induced chlorosis and mosaic symptoms rather than necrosis. We demonstrate that TYLCV-C C2, like its counterpart in the bipartite begomovirus African cassava mosaic virus, mediates suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Moreover, the individual mutations C36R, C38N, and C46I abolished the ability of C2 protein to suppress PTGS. These results suggest that the three cysteine residues within the putative zinc-finger motif are essential for C2 protein to induce necrosis and to act as a suppressor of PTGS.
Body, sex and reproduction. Te notion of women autonomy questioned: abortion and other sensitive situations (2013)

In the sexual and reproductive health autonomy issues are crucial, personal and sometimes very problematic. Our interest is to research different conceptions of "being a patient," put into play as political and social issues of the first order, for example, having to do with the forms of autonomy and social relations of subordination. And issues that have to do with the social construction of the body, individuation and citizenship. Here we explore some empirical and conceptually ideal patient types, depending on their autonomy as an individual capable of judgment and action, and as a subject of rights and responsibilities. Analysis of different situations - some limit (such as the case of abortion) - allow us to problematize what is meant by "autonomus person" in the field of health and disease. We present the results of analysis on one hand problematize the notion of autonomy of the liberal matrix separating it and putting it in relation to the body and emotions in the context of interpersonal relationships, and secondly, allow patient operationalize the typology defined according of autonomy from which we (taxpayer, consumer / user, and peer-citizen).
Design and Optimisation of Fuel Tanks for BWB Configurations (2016)

Abstract This paper describes assumptions, goals, methods, results and conclusions related to fuel tank arrangement of a flying wing passenger airplane configuration. A short overview of various fuel tank systems in use today of different types of aircraft is treated as a starting point for designing a fuel tank system to be used on very large passenger airplanes. These systems may be used to move fuel around the aircraft to keep the centre of gravity within acceptable limits, to maintain pitch and lateral balance and stability. With increasing aircraft speed, the centre of lift moves aft, and for trimming the elevator or trimmer must be used thereby increasing aircraft drag. To avoid this, the centre of gravity can be shifted by pumping fuel from forward to aft tanks. The lesson learnt from this is applied to minimise trim drag by moving the fuel along the airplane. Such a task can be done within coming days if we know the minimum drag versus CG position and weight value. The main part of the paper is devoted to wing bending moment distribution. A number of arrangements of fuel in airplane tanks are investigated and a scenario of refuelling - minimising the root bending moments - is presented. These results were obtained under the assumption that aircraft is in long range flight (14 hours), C L is constant and equal to 0.279, Specific Fuel Consumption is also constant and that overall fuel consumption is equal to 20 tons per 1 hour. It was found that the average stress level in wing structure is lower if refuelling starts from fuel tanks located closer to longitudinal plane of symmetry. It can influence the rate of fatigue.
Nuclear translocation of the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein mSTI1 is regulated by cell cycle kinases (2004)

The co-chaperone murine stress-inducible protein 1 (mSTI1), an Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) homologue, mediates the assembly of the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone heterocomplex. The mSTI1 protein can be phosphorylated in vitro by cell cycle kinases proximal to a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), which substantiated a predicted casein kinase II (CKII)-cdc2 kinase-NLS (CcN) motif at position 180-239 and suggested that mSTI1 might move between the cytoplasm and the nucleus under certain cell cycle conditions. The mechanism responsible for the cellular localization of mSTI1 was probed using NIH3T3 fibroblasts to investigate the localization of endogenous mSTI1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged mSTI1 mutants. Localization studies on cell lines stably expressing NLS(mSTI1)-EGFP and EGFP demonstrated that the NLS(mSTI1) was able to promote a nuclear localization of EGFP. The mSTI1 protein was exclusively cytoplasmic in most cells under normal conditions but was present in the nucleus of a subpopulation of cells and accumulated in the nucleus following inhibition of nuclear export (leptomycin B treatment). G1/S-phase arrest (using hydroxyurea) and inhibition of cdc2 kinase (using olomoucine) but not inhibition of casein kinase II (using 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside), increased the proportion of cells with endogenous mSTI1 nuclear staining. mSTI1-EGFP behaved identically to endogenous mSTI1. The functional importance of key residues was tested using modified mSTI1-EGFP proteins. Inactivation and phosphorylation mimicking of potential phosphorylation sites in mSTI1 altered the nuclear translocation. Mimicking of phosphorylation at the mSTI1 CKII phosphorylation site (S189E) promoted nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP. Mimicking phosphorylation at the cdc2 kinase phosphorylation site (T198E) promoted cytoplasmic localization of mSTI1-EGFP at the G1/S-phase transition,whereas removal of this site (T198A) promoted the nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP under the same conditions. These data provide the first evidence of nuclear import and export of a major Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone and the regulation of this nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling by cell cycle status and cell cycle kinases.
Health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa : a survey and analysis (1990)

Health insurance is one in a portfolio of options that are available to augment government budgetary resources for health-care spending. Yet, little comparative information is available on the kinds of health insurance that are presently extant in sub - Saharan Africa. The purpose of this paper is to fill that gap in knowledge and to define"health insurance". The paper also discusses: (a) the prevalence of health insurance; (b) the contribution of health insurance to health finance; and (c) the characteristics of the health insurance. These schemes are analyzed with respect to insurance criteria developed in the research literature on health insurance. The paper concludes by summarizing what has been learned and the conclusions that can be drawn.
A Facile and Controllable Strategy to Synthesize Au−Ag Alloy Nanoparticles within Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanoreactors upon Thermal Reduction (2009)

A new synthesis strategy has been developed for the preparation of bimetallic gold-silver (Au-Ag) alloy nanoparticles by the virtue of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) nanoreactors. By controlling the assembly conditions, gold and silver ions can be effectively loaded onto the PEM composed of polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) simultaneously. Upon further thermal treatment, Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles with sizes of ca. 3.8 nm formed in the PEM, which were characterized in detail by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Appearance of a single plasmon band in the visible region and lack of apparent core-shell structures in the TEM images confirm the formation of homogeneous Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. In addition, the surface plasmon absorption band of the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles shows linear blue-shift with increasing Ag content, which also supported the formation of alloy nanoparticles. Several key parameters of the present strategy have been investigated, which showed that pH of both the assembly solution and gold salt solution and the choice of polymers for constructing PEM, as well as the reduction approach, all played an important role in successfully synthesizing bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of alloy nanoparticles has also been discussed based on the spectral evolution during the thermal reduction.
Neonatal pulse oximetry: accuracy and reliability. (1989)

Pulse oximetry has gained widespread use in neonatal oxygen monitoring. However, because specific morbidity in neonates has been related to abnormal levels of oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), it is essential to demonstrate that pulse oxygen saturation values (SpO2) are highly accurate and reflect with precision the simultaneous PaO2. In this report, data is presented that describe the accuracy of the Ohmeda Biox 3700 pulse oximeter. SpO2 was highly correlated with arterial blood oxygen saturation (r = .99) measured on arterial (catheter) blood using a two-wavelength Radiometer OSM2 Hemoximeter. When compared with PaO2, SpO2 values of 92% +/- 3% (mean +/- range) excluded all of the measured PaO2 values less than 45 mm Hg and greater than 100 mm Hg. SpO2-tcPO2 (transcutaneous PO2) and SpO2-PaO2 (catheter or percutaneous arterial PO2) correlations showed that bronchopulmonary dysplasia, percutaneous arterial sampling, and nipple feeding skewed the tcPO2 but not the PaO2 correlations with SpO2, indicating that SpO2 is not sensitive to peripheral factors that affect tcPO2. SpO2-PaO2 correlation was not affected by gestational age. A high degree of accuracy of SpO2 values and SpO2 prediction of normal appearing PaO2 values are defined by these results.
Phosphatidylinositol-linked proteins and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (1990)

M cellular membranes in a number of different ways.
[Monoclonal antibodies in virology]. (1985)

The application of hybridoma technology to the preparation of monoclonal antibodies has had a strong stimulatory effect on many areas of virological research. This development has expanded our knowledge with respect to antigenic variation among viruses and detailed analysis of complex antigenic structures of virus proteins and has also led to the elucidation of the molecular foundations of pathogenesis and virulence in model systems. The practical importance of these results spans many important areas of applied virology such as the development of new viral vaccines, passive immunization and diagnosis of viral infections.
Trimethylbenzyl Chlorides and Their Derivatives (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrimethylbenzyl Chlorides and Their DerivativesHoward D. HartoughCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 5, 903–908Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50485a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50485a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Air Bypass Voice Prosthesis for Vocal Rehabilitation of Laryngectomees (1975)

An air bypass voice prosthesis and the refinement of a surgical technique has been developed. It involves a one-stage, low retrograde cervical esophagostomy that is functionally and cosmetically feasible since it permits hidden use of the device, while eliminating fistula tract stenosis and aspiration. Most importantly, it provides a natural speech mechanism without any training period. Patients can regain immediate speech following installation of a voice prosthesis with a minimum of maintenance required. Ultimately, they have demonstrated greater self-reliance and developed a high degree of self-esteem which has enabled them to resume a normal way of life.
Optimizations of Spray Drying Process Parameters for Liquorice (<i>Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.</i>) Extract (2018)

The objective of this work was to study the effect of spray drying process parameters on the physicochemical properties of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract. The stickiness and hygroscopicity are problems associated with spray drying process. To overcome these problems drying agents are used. Dextrose equivalent (DE12 and DE19) and maltodextrin are reported as drying agents in preparation of liquorice extract by spray drying method1. In present work, aerosil was used as spray drying agents. The inlet air temperatures, Feed flow rate and aerosil concentrations were considered as independent variables. Moisture content, % yield, bulk density, acidity and pH, hygroscopicity, time required for solubilization were analyzed to determine the effects of spray drying processing parameters. Increases in inlet air temperature were caused an increase in yield, solubility and a decrease in moisture content, bulk density, hygroscopicity. Increases in aerosil concentration caused an increase in yield and a decrease in moisture content, bulk density, hygroscopicity, time required for solubilization.
A retrospective review of 20% vs. 10% incremental narrowband UVB regimens to treat psoriasis in skin phototypes III–V Koreans (2009)

Use of a 20% incremental dose regimen could be advantageous over a 10% incremental dose regimen in patients with brown skin and psoriasis because of a faster treatment response and higher efficacy without a significant increase in the risk of adverse effects.
Perfect mothers, perfect babies: an examination of the ethics of fetal treatments. (1988)

Synopsis — Medical technology often is employed to reinforce and sanction existing social roles. In this context, society’s acceptance of fetal surgery sanctions women in their role as gestators and enforces their social obligation to bear healthy babies. Social norms place a negative value on babies with certain congenital conditions and view the birth of an impaired child as a tragedy. The use of fetal surgery in conjunction with selective abortion is consistent with a “perfectionist” ethic in modern medicine that regards physical and mental health as the ultimate good. An alternative ethic upholds the sovereignty of the individual woman in decisions involving her body during pregnancy.
Multi-ion detection by one-shot optical sensors using a colour digital photographic camera (2011)

The feasibility and performance of a procedure to evaluate previously developed one-shot optical sensors as single and selective analyte sensors for potassium, magnesium and hardness are presented. The procedure uses a conventional colour digital photographic camera as the detection system for simultaneous multianalyte detection. A 6.0 megapixel camera was used, and the procedure describes how it is possible to quantify potassium, magnesium and hardness simultaneously from the images captured, using multianalyte one-shot sensors based on ionophore-chromoionophore chemistry, employing the colour information computed from a defined region of interest on the sensing membrane. One of the colour channels in the red, green, blue (RGB) colour space is used to build the analytical parameter, the effective degree of protonation (1-α(eff)), in good agreement with the theoretical model. The linearization of the sigmoidal response function increases the limit of detection (LOD) and analytical range in all cases studied. The increases were from 5.4 × 10(-6) to 2.7 × 10(-7) M for potassium, from 1.4 × 10(-4) to 2.0 × 10(-6) M for magnesium and from 1.7 to 2.0 × 10(-2) mg L(-1) of CaCO(3) for hardness. The method's precision was determined in terms of the relative standard deviation (RSD%) which was from 2.4 to 7.6 for potassium, from 6.8 to 7.8 for magnesium and from 4.3 to 7.8 for hardness. The procedure was applied to the simultaneous determination of potassium, magnesium and hardness using multianalyte one-shot sensors in different types of waters and beverages in order to cover the entire application range, statistically validating the results against atomic absorption spectrometry as the reference procedure. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to demonstrate the possibility of using a conventional digital camera as an analytical device to measure this type of one-shot sensor based on ionophore-chromoionophore chemistry instead of using conventional lab instrumentation.
Simultaneous range ambiguity mitigation and sidelobe reduction using orthogonal non-linear frequency modulated (ONLFM) signals for satellite SAR Imaging (2018)

This letter first attempts to simultaneously reduce range ambiguities and sidelobes in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Two of the limitations of SAR are the range ambiguity phenomenon and the sidelobes effect. The range ambiguity appears with long delayed echoes. The current transmitted signal does not contribute to the reflected echo that is received after the transmission of one or more new pulses. Moreover, the conventional radar commonly uses linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms, producing a peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR) of −13.25 dB. Unfortunately, the sidelobes in SAR imagery contribute to speckle and interfere with nearby scatterers. This letter investigates the opportunity of designing the transmitted signals using orthogonal non-linear frequency modulated (ONLFM) waveform. The results demonstrate that ONLFM signals outperform conventional LFM signal. Using the proposed ONLFM waveforms, the PSLR is reduced to −50.25 dB, meanwhile the range ambiguities can be greatly suppressed, despite broadening the mainlobe.
Anesthesia and Analgesia (2007)

Sheep, goats and camelids are small enough to be "manhandled" for restraint for painful procedures. In addition, their nature as prey animals makes them relatively docile and disinclined to vocalize loudly when subjected to pain, with the exception of goats. As a result, they have traditionally been handled with less attention to pain management than other species. Nevertheless, they feel pain and suffer as much as any other species and should be treated with as much care and attention to analgesia and pain management. One of the primary goals of pain management is to prevent CNS nociceptive "windup" through preemptive analgesia. To this end, we look for drugs that decrease or prevent transmission of painful stimuli to the brain to be administered sufficiently in advance of the painful stimuli so there is minimal CNS excitation. Often this can best be accomplished by use of several drugs in combination--the so-called anesthetic or analgesic "cocktail". Other drugs may be added before, during, or after painful procedures to further modulate pain. By combined, integrated pain management we hope to bring patients through minor surgeries with minimal suffering and loss of production.
China’s Regional Strategy and Challenges in East Asia (2013)

China has rapidly developed a sophisticated regionalism strategy in East Asia. Minimising the region’s “China threat” perception has been a significant consideration in this strategy. Unfortunately, the ongoing escalation of tension concerning territorial disputes over the Diaoyutai / Senkaku Islands and the South China Sea, initiated by a series of high-profile naval exercises in the latter half of 2010, has reinforced the “China threat” perception and bolstered the hedging strategies of countries in the region. China is aware of its relative disadvantage, and it has been keeping its options open while allowing ASEAN to maintain the initiative.
Protein Dissection of the Antiparallel Coiled Coil from <i>Escherichia coli </i>Seryl tRNA Synthetase (1997)

The alpha-helices of coiled-coil proteins are predominantly parallel, in contrast to the general preference for an antiparallel orientation of interacting alpha-helices found in globular proteins. One intriguing exception is the antiparallel, two-stranded coiled coil comprising the long helical arm of the bacterial seryl tRNA synthetases (SRS). A recombinant 82-residue peptide corresponding to the helical arm of Escherichia coli SRS folds into a stable, monomeric, helical structure in the absence of the rest of the protein, as shown by circular dichroism (CD) and equilibrium sedimentation centrifugation. However, peptides corresponding to the individual helices of SRS are unstructured at neutral pH and do not associate appreciably at total peptide concentrations up to 100 microM. Covalent attachment of the the two peptides through a nonnatural, disulfide-containing linker restores structure and allows study of variants in which the individual helices are constrained to interact in either an antiparallel or a parallel orientation. We find that the antiparallel species are substantially more helical and more stable to thermal denaturation than their parallel counterpart. Thus, the SRS helical arm is an autonomously folding unit, and, unlike most other coiled coils, has an intrinsic preference for an antiparallel orientation of its constituent helices.