gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microglial Activation and Neuronal Apoptosis in Bornavirus Infected Neonatal Lewis Rats (2000)

Lewis rats neonatally infected with Borna disease virus have a behavioral syndrome characterized by hyperactivity, movement disorders, and abnormal social interactions. Virus is widely distributed in brain; however, neuropathology is focused in dentate gyrus, cerebellum, and neocortex where granule cells, Purkinje cells and pyramidal cells are lost through apoptosis. Although a transient immune response is present, its distribution does not correlate with sites of damage. Neuropathology is instead colocalized with microglial proliferation and expression of MHC class I and class II, ICAM, CD4 and CD8 molecules. Targeted pathogenesis in this system appears to be linked to microglial activation and susceptibility of specific neuronal populations to apoptosis rather than viral tropism or virus-specific immune responses.
Self-assembly of polymer-coated ferromagnetic nanoparticles into mesoscopic polymer chains Part B Polymer physics (2008)

The self-assembly of dispersed polymer-coated ferromagnetic nanoparticles into micron-sized one-dimensional mesostructures at a liquid-liquid interface was reported. When polystyrene-coated Co nanoparticles (19 nm) are driven to an oil/water interface under zero-field conditions, long ([almost equal to] 5 μm) chain-like assemblies spontaneously form because of dipolar associations between the ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Direct imaging of the magnetic assembly process was achieved using a recently developed platform consisting of a biphasic oil/water system in which the oil phase was flash-cured within 1 s upon ultraviolet light exposure. The nanoparticle assemblies embedded in the crosslinked phase were then imaged using atomic force microscopy. The effects of time, temperature, and colloid concentration on the self-assembly process of dipolar nanoparticles were then investigated. Variation of either assembly time t or temperature T was found to be an interchangeable effect in the 1D organization process. Because of the dependence of chain length on the assembly conditions, we observed striking similarities between 1D nanoparticle self-assembly and polymerization of small molecule monomers. This is the first in-depth study of the parameters affecting the self-assembly of dispersed, dipolar nanoparticles into extended mesostructures in the absence of a magnetic field.
Arabinosyl Nucleosides Inhibit Toxoplasma gondii and Allow the Selection of Resistant Mutants (1976)

Adenine arabinoside, which inhibits the synthesis of DNA by intracellular Toxoplasma gondii, is more inhibitory to the parasite than it is to cultured human fibroblast host cells. A single-step mutant of T. gondii that is 50-fold more resistant to adenine arabinoside was isolated after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cytosine arabinoside is notably more inhibitory to cultured human cells than it is to T. gondii. Thus in infected cells treated with cytosine arabinoside and labeled with 3H-deoxyuridine nearly all of the label is specifically incorporated into the intracellular T. gondii.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amino‐Urea Derivatives of (1R,2R)‐1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane as Ligands in the Ruthenium Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of Aromatic Ketones by Hydride Transfer. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resonant Properties of a Short Expansion Chamber Symmetrically Located on Opposite Sides of a Rectangular Duct (2007)

A short expansion chamber in a duct acts as a resonator type muffler. The properties of this type of chamber have already been studied in detail by the authors for circular duct-chambers. In this paper, short chambers are applied to rectangular ducts. These chambers consist of two rectangular branches located symmetrically on opposite sides of a rectangular duct. The transmission properties of plane waves through the chambers were examined experimentally. For a very short axial chamber length, the resonant frequency was determined in the same manner as for a side-branch muffler with open end correction. Though considered proportional to depth in circular chambers, it becomes constant in rectangular chambers with fixed axial length, regardless of chamber depth. When the chamber length is close to half of the chamber height (corresponding to the upper limit of resonator-type mufflers), the resonant frequency is close to, but in excess of, the cut-off frequency of the chamber's second resonant mode. The reason for this discrepancy becomes clearer subsequent to examination of the sound field contours calculated using the finite difference method.
“On-demand” control of thermoresponsive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with cucurbit[8]uril host–guest complexes (2011)

The chain end complexation of a functional PNIPAM by a cucurbit[8]uril-viologen complex causes a shift in its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) by over 5 °C. An instantaneous phase change of the thermally responsive polymer beyond its LCST can be induced by addition of the aqueous cucurbituril host-guest complex. Subsequent decomplexation upon addition of a competitive guest releases the PNIPAM terminus and triggers complete reversibility.
Survey of molecular methods for the typing of wine yeast strains (2004)

A survey of the genetic polymorphisms produced by distinct methods was performed in 23 commercial winery yeast strains. Microsatellite typing, using six different loci, an optimized interdelta sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA generated by the enzyme HinfI had the same discriminatory power: among the 23 commercial yeast strains, 21 distinct patterns were obtained. Karyotype analysis gave 22 patterns, thereby allowing the discrimination of one of the three strains that were not distinguished by the other methods. Due to the equivalence of the results obtained in this survey, any of the methods can be applied at the industrial scale.
Distributed High Accuracy Peer-to-Peer Localization in Mobile Multipath\n Environments (2010)

In this paper we consider the problem of high accuracy localization of mobile\nnodes in a multipath-rich environment where sub-meter accuracies are required.\nWe employ a peer to peer framework where the vehicles/nodes can get pairwise\nmultipath-degraded ranging estimates in local neighborhoods together with a\nfixed number of anchor nodes. The challenge is to overcome the\nmultipath-barrier with redundancy in order to provide the desired accuracies\nespecially under severe multipath conditions when the fraction of received\nsignals corrupted by multipath is dominating. We invoke a message passing\nanalytical framework based on particle filtering and reveal its high accuracy\nlocalization promise through simulations.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of rac‐Norartemeseol. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of a Novel Class of Shikimate Dehydrogenases: Evidence for a Conserved Catalytic Mechanism in the Shikimate Dehydrogenase Family (2011)

Shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) catalyzes the reversible NADPH-dependent reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate to shikimate. This reaction represents the fourth step of the shikimate pathway, the essential route for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, bacteria, and apicomplexan parasites. The absence of this pathway in animals makes it an attractive target for herbicides and antimicrobials. At least four functionally distinct enzyme classes, AroE, YdiB, SDH-like (SdhL), and AroE-like1 (Ael1), utilize shikimate as a substrate in vitro and form the SDH family. Crystal structures have been determined for AroE, YdiB, and SdhL. In this study, we have determined the first representative crystal structure of an Ael1 enzyme. We demonstrate that Ael1 shares a similar overall structure with the other members of the SDH family. This high level of structural conservation extends to the active sites of the enzymes. In particular, an ionizable active site lysine and aspartate are present in all SDH homologues. Two distinct biochemical roles have been reported for this Lys-Asp pair: as binding residues in YdiB and as a catalytic dyad in AroE and SdhL. Here, we establish that the residues function as a catalytic dyad in Ael1 and, interestingly, in at least one YdiB homologue. The conservation of three-dimensional fold, active site architecture, and catalytic mechanism among members of the SDH family will facilitate the design of drugs targeting the shikimate pathway.
Establishment of a rapid and footprint-free protocol for differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine cells with synthetic mRNAs encoding transcription factors (2018)

In this study, we report a novel protocol for rapid and footprint-free differentiation of hESCs to endocrine cells.
Mining and modeling web trajectories from passive traces (2017)

In modern web, users contact lots of services, identified by the domain name of the server. The temporal sequence and transitions of visited domains form a trajectory of the user on the web. In this work, we analyze 4 weeks of such trajectories, extracted from logs collected in our university network, and mine them via big data and machine learning methodologies to extract the interests of users. Our goal is to create a model of such trajectories and find similarities so to observe peculiarity of users' browsing. Thanks to the model, we propose a methodology to automatically group together the trajectories of single users and/or communities into highly descriptive environments which in turn allow the analyst to identify the topic of interest. We propose an automatic way to highlight differences in terms of popularity and content of environments. Lastly, we analyze the transition among environments, showing how people in smaller communities, e.g., in the same department, have a much more homogeneous behaviour than people at large, e.g., in the university.
MAGNETICALLY STABILIZED CROSS-FIELD CO2 LASER (1970)

A new concept of stabilizing an electrical CO2 laser discharge against a transverse gas flow is described. A cross magnetic field, mutually perpendicular to the discharge axial electric field and the gas flow velocity, is employed to maintain the electrical discharge column colinear with the optic axis. The cross-field laser is convectively cooled and characterized by low flow velocities, low pressure drops, and high operating efficiencies.
Adjacent Dental Implants Classification Based on Restorative Design (2017)

There is controversy in the literature regarding the indicated retentive mechanism for implant-supported crowns. When adjacent implants are restored, the restoration can be screw retained, cement retained, or a combination of cement and screw retained. Adjacent implant-supported crowns can be restored as individual implant supported crowns or can be splinted. A classification system is proposed when adjacent implants are restored. The classification system describes currently available options to restore adjacent implants. Six types of prosthetic design options are proposed as Class I through Class VI. In Class I design, individual cement-retained crowns are made. In Class II, individual screw-retained crowns are fabricated. Class III involves fabrication of individual screw-retrievable/cement-retained crowns. Class IV prosthetic design involves splinted cement-retained implant crowns. Class V prosthetic design involves splinted screw-retained crowns, and Class VI involves splinted screw-retrievable/cement-retained implant supported crowns.
Precipitates Formed by High-Concentration Phosphorus Diffusion in Silicon (1968)

In high-concentration phosphorus diffusion (∼1020 atoms/cc) observations have been made of small (&lt;200 Å) precipitate particles and dislocation loops in the region immediately adjacent to the surface. These particles occur in the high-concentration flattened portion of the concentration vs depth profile curves. Their presence is an assigned cause for the discrepancy between total and electrically active phosphorus. Electron microscopic techniques were used to identify the defects as ``interstitial.'' Contrast effects similar to those expected of a spherically symmetrical coherent precipitate were observed. Strains in the precipitates were found in the range ε=0.001→0.004 and seemed unaffected by low-temperature heat treatments (at 650°C).
A coupled DEM/CFD analysis of the effect of air on powder flow during die filling (2008)

Abstract Die filling from a stationary shoe in a vacuum and in the presence of air was numerically analyzed using an Eulerian‐Lagrangian model, which employs a discrete element method (DEM) for the particles and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the air with a two‐way air‐particle interaction coupling term. Monodisperse and polydisperse powder systems have been simulated to explore the effect of the presence of air on the die filling process. For die filling with monodisperse powders, the influences of particle size and density on the flow behavior were explored. The numerical simulations revealed that the presence of air has a significant impact on the powder flow behavior, especially for systems with smaller and/or lighter particles. Flow has been characterized in terms of a dimensionless mass flow rate, and it has been shown that for die filling in a vacuum this is constant. The flow characteristics for die filling in air can be classified into two regimes. There is an air‐inert regime in which the particle size and density are sufficiently large that the effect of air flow becomes negligible, and the dimensionless mass flow rate is essentially identical to that obtained for die filling in a vacuum. There is also an air‐sensitive regime, for smaller particle sizes and lower particle densities, in which the dimensionless mass flow rate increases as the particle size and density increase. The effects of particle‐size distribution and adhesion on the flow behavior have also been investigated. It was found that, in a vacuum, the dimensionless mass flow rate for polydisperse systems is nearly identical to that for monodisperse systems. In the presence of air, a lower dimensionless mass flow rate is obtained for polydisperse systems compared to monodisperse systems, demonstrating that air effects become more significant. Furthermore, it has been shown that, as expected, the dimensionless mass flow rate decreases as the surface energy increases (i.e., for more cohesive powders). © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Méthodes d'identification des bactéries lactiques (1994)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITORS OF POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS. VI‐ 2,5‐DIAMINO‐2‐(CYANOMETHYL)PENTANOIC ACID, A POTENTIAL IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Benzylidenaminopiperidinon (I) wird durch Umsetzung mit Chloracetonitril (II) ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (III) und (IV) erhalten.
Determination of Retained B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Content in ZrB <sub>2</sub> ‐30 vol% SiC Oxide Scales (2014)

The composition of the borosilicate glass layer formed during oxidation of ZrB 2 ‐30 vol% SiC was determined to elucidate the extent of B 2 O 3 retention in the oxide during high‐temperature oxidation. Oxidation was conducted in stagnant air at 1300°C, 1400°C, and 1500°C for times between 100 and 221 min. Specimens were characterized using mass change and scanning electron microscopy. After oxidation, the borosilicate glass layer was dissolved from the specimens sequentially with deionized H 2 O and HF acid, to analyze the glass composition using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. It was found that the average B 2 O 3 content in the glass scale ranged from 23 to 47 mol%. Retained B 2 O 3 content in the bulk of the glass decreased with increasing temperature, confirming increased volatility with temperature. Boron depth profiles were also obtained in the near surface region using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The measured B concentrations were used to estimate the B 2 O 3 concentration profile and B diffusion coefficients in the borosilicate glass. Implications for the ZrB 2 ‐SiC oxidation process are discussed.
Long period and fiber Bragg gratings written within the same fiber for sensing purposes (2011)

Long period gratings (LPGs) have been recently proposed as sensing elements of chemical/biological compounds, exploiting their sensitivity to the refractive index changes in the surrounding environment. One of the difficulties of their utilization for this purpose is their strong dependence also to strain and temperature effects. An intrinsic optical feedback able to eliminate these effects was developed by manufacturing on the same fiber the LPG and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) which is immune from external refractive index changes and is influenced by strain and temperature. An accurate temperature measurement system is utilised to eliminate or in any case to reduce to a minimum the interferences coming from temperature changes. A KrF excimer laser is used to write both the gratings into the same photosensitive fiber. The period of the LPG and FBG gratings are 615 μm and 530 nm, respectively and the attenuation at their resonance wavelengths (1570 nm for LPG and 1534 nm for FBG) was of the order of 15-20 dB. The same source, a broadband superluminescent diode with emission peak at 1550 nm, is used to interrogate both the gratings. The transmission spectra is acquired by means of an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) controlled by a PC and an in-house software identifies the attenuation band in the FBG and LPG transmission spectra and calculates the minimum values. A suitable thermostabilized flow cell with a volume of 50 μL containing the fiber with the two gratings, has been developed and characterized.
Bipolar Hip Arthroplasty for Recurrent Dislocation After Total Hip Arthroplasty (1992)

Recurrent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty is often a difficult complication to manage. Bipolar prostheses may be useful in these cases because motion can occur at two bearing surfaces and thus permit the greater range of motion necessary to dislodge the head from the acetabulum. The bipolar head is also larger than a conventional total hip femoral component, so a greater volume must be displaced from the acetabulum for dislocation to occur. Three patients with recurrent dislocation of a total hip prosthesis were successfully treated by conversion to bipolar devices after failure of multiple surgical procedures and treatment even with braces.
Lancashire customs (1897)

Lancashire customs Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor 1Birklands, Southport Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-XII, Issue 313, 25 December 1897, Page 516, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-XII.313.516b Published: 25 December 1897
Efficient Plastic-Host Dye Lasers (1984)

The problem of developing dye lasers with a dye impregnated into a polymer matrix long ago attracted the attention of investigators,1,2 but this class of lasers has not so far been widely used owing to a low laser-damage resistance of polymers, low photobleaching resistance of dyes, and relatively low conversion efficiency of pumping radiation. At present the polymers have been developed with high laser damage resistance comparable with that of inorganic glasses and crystals,3 thus giving real opportunities for creation of efficient plastic-host dye lasers. In this connection it is urgent to conduct purposeful investigations on elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for photobleaching of the dyes and conversion efficiency under highpower laser radiation in such laser damage-resistant polymers. This paper is concerned with the above problems.
Los procedimientos de autoayuda para dejar de fumar (2004)

Taking into account the high prevalence of smokers that we have in Spain and that represents an impor tant public health problem, it is evident that it would not be possible to do clinical programs for all them. Furthermore, most of the smokers prefer smoking cessation by themselves. Because of this, it is important that procedures are put in place that permit the treatment of a large number of subjects and makes treatment more approachable to smokers. A useful resource for this purpose is the self-help procedures. This study will consider the most commonly used self-help interventions for smoking cessation and evaluate the effectiveness of these. This begins with self-help manuals, and continuing with interventions by mail and those with telephone support, in both reactive and proactive formats. The study concludes that of the procedures analysed, the most commonly used is the self-help manual and the intervention by mail combined with telephone support by a counse llor (proactive) proves to obtain the best results as well as being the most similar to clinical procedures.
Protiodeacetylation of porphyrins and pyrroles: a new partial synthesis of dehydrocoproporphyrin (S411-porphyrin) (1981)

Treatment of copper(II) complexes of acetyl-porphyrins with ethanedithiol and boron trifluoride–ether in acetic acid efficiently accomplishes deacetylation of the porphyrin system, and this reaction is demonstrated in a new partial synthesis of dehydrocoproporphyrin (S411-porphyrin); acetylpyrroles are also quantitatively deacetylated under these conditions.
Long-Lasting Adaptations of the NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Dorsomedial Striatum Play a Crucial Role in Alcohol Consumption and Relapse (2010)

A growing number of studies suggest that the development of compulsive drug seeking and taking depends on dorsostriatal mechanisms. We previously observed that ex vivo acute exposure of the dorsal striatum to, and withdrawal from, alcohol induces long-term facilitation (LTF) of the activity of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors (NR2B-NMDARs) in a mechanism that requires the Src family protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), Fyn (Wang et al., 2007). In the present study, we first compared alcohol's actions in rat dorsomedial (DMS) and the dorsolateral (DLS) subregions of the striatum, which differ in their anatomical connectivity and function. We found that alcohol-mediated induction of LTF of NR2B-NMDAR activity is centered in the DMS. Next, we tested whether in vivo exposure of rats to alcohol leads to long-term adaptations of the NMDAR system in the DMS. We observed that repeated daily administration of alcohol results in a long-lasting increase in the activity of the NR2B-NMDARs in the DMS. The same procedure leads to a prolonged activation of Fyn, increased NR2B phosphorylation, and membrane localization of the subunit. Importantly, similar electrophysiological and biochemical modifications were observed in the DMS of rats that consumed large quantities of alcohol. Finally, we show that inhibition of NR2B-NMDARs or Src family PTKs in the DMS, but not in the DLS, significantly decreases operant self-administration of alcohol and reduces alcohol-priming-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. Our results suggest that the upregulation of NR2B-NMDAR activity within the DMS by alcohol contributes to the maladaptive synaptic changes that lead to excessive alcohol intake and relapse.