gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High repetition-rate wakefield electron source generated by few-millijoule, 30 fs laser pulses on a density downramp (2013)

We report on an experimental demonstration of laser wakefield electron acceleration using a sub-TW power laser by tightly focusing 30-fs laser pulses with only 8 mJ pulse energy on a 100 \mu m scale gas target. The experiments are carried out at an unprecedented 0.5 kHz repetition rate, allowing "real time" optimization of accelerator parameters. Well-collimated and stable electron beams with a quasi-monoenergetic peak in excess of 100 keV are measured. Particle-in-cell simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental results and suggest an acceleration mechanism based on electron trapping on the density downramp, due to the time varying phase velocity of the plasma waves.
Minimalist Jumping Robots for Celestial Exploration (2003)

In this paper we describe a novel approach to the design and deployment of small and minimally actuated jumping or hopping robots that are suitable for exploring the unstructured terrains of celestial bodies. We introduce the basic jumping mobility paradigm, as well as the evolution of our hopping robot concept by way of the main prototypes that we have developed. These prototypes show that a small number of actuators can control the vehicle's steering, hopping, and self-righting motions. The last prototype is equipped with wheels so that precision motion can be combined with gross hopping motion. Lessons learned during the development of these prototypes have general applicability to the design of jumping robots. In addition to reviewing the issues relevant to the design of jumping systems, in this paper we describe some of the key mechanisms that enable our approach, we summarize tests obtained with these systems, and we present our future plans of localization and sensing for hopping mobility.
Endurance Limit Design of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Components Based on Natural Defects (2000)

Cast irons are used extensively in the production of large diesel engines for power generation or oceangoing ships. One current trend is to replace grey iron with spheroidal graphite (SG) iron for fatigue critical components. In order to take advantage of the higher fatigue strength of SG iron and ensure the reliability of a design, better understanding of the typical defects for these large castings and the relationship between these defects and the endurance limit fatigue strength have been studied. Testing included uniaxial constant amplitude, constant amplitude torsion, and simple variable amplitude loading sequences in the long-life regime. Defects in several thick wall castings have been statistically evaluated. A fracture mechanics based model involving matrix hardness and √area successfully related the defect size to the experimentally observed fatigue limit. For ferritic-pearlitic SG iron, the hardness of the tougher pearlite phase was used in the model. The model also correlated the torsion and tension endurance limits. Endurance limit as a function of mean stress is presented in the form of Haigh diagrams.
Laser Amplifiers (1965)

The performance of a ruby laser amplifier is described and compared with a theoretical model. The ruby laser amplifier was driven by a Q-switched laser oscillator with a stable output, whose properties are due, in part, to a newly developed output coupler and a spinning roof-top prism for Q-spoiling. From the theoretical amplifier model, a relation between the population inversion and the energy stored in the system supplying the xenon flash lamps is derived and fitted to the particular laser configuration by a single parameter established by the laser threshold. Experimentally, the gain of the 15-cm (6-in.) ruby amplifier saturates at values between 5 and 7, apparently caused by complete pumping of the system rather than limited by the energy input to the flashlamp pump.
Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mirtazapine in healthy young cats (2010)

Mirtazapine pharmacokinetics was studied in 10 healthy cats. Blood was collected before, and at intervals up to 72 h after, oral dose of 3.75 mg (high dose: HD) or 1.88 mg (low dose: LD) of mirtazapine. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure mirtazapine, 8-hydroxymirtazapine and glucuronide metabolite concentrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic modeling was performed. Median half-life was 15.9 h (HD) and 9.2 h (LD). Using Mann-Whitney analysis, a statistically significant difference between the elimination half-life, clearance, area under the curve (AUC) per dose, and AUC(∞) /dose of the groups was found. Mirtazapine does not appear to display linear pharmacokinetics in cats. There was no significant difference in glucuronidated metabolite concentration between groups. Pharmacodynamics was studied in 14 healthy cats administered placebo, LD and HD mirtazapine orally once in a crossover, blinded trial. In comparison with placebo, cats ingested significantly more food when mirtazapine was administered. No difference in food ingestion was seen between HD and LD, but significantly more behavior changes were seen with the HD. Limited serum sampling during the pharmacodynamic study revealed drug exposure comparable with the pharmacokinetic study, but no correlation between exposure and food consumed. Mirtazapine (LD) was administered daily for 6 days with no drug accumulation detected.
INTEROCULAR GENERALIZATION: A STUDY OF MIRROR‐IMAGE REVERSAL FOLLOWING MONOCULAR DISCRIMINATION TRAINING IN THE PIGEON<sup>1</sup> (1966)

Generalization gradients along a continuum of angular orientation were obtained from four pigeons, following monocular training on a discrimination between a 45 degrees oblique line (S+) and a 135 degrees oblique line (S-). All pigeons were trained on a chain DRO VI 1 schedule of reinforcement. Generalization gradients obtained with the trained and untrained eye were compared. All pigeons responded maximally to the 45 degrees line (S+) when tested with only the trained eye open. During generalization tests of interocular transfer with only the untrained eye open, three pigeons responded maximally to S- (135 degrees ), the mirror-image of the stimulus associated with reinforcement during training (45 degrees ). The other pigeon failed to show interocular transfer of the discrimination. Interocular reversal of left-right mirror-image stimuli has not been reported for any other species.
Colorization matrix construction with high compression efficiency for colorization-based coding using optimization (2014)

In colorization-based coding, a chrominance component is reconstructed by applying a colorization matrix to a vector which contains a few color information. The conventional method formulated the colorization-based coding problem into an optimization problem. Since this approach obtains the optimal color information with respect to a given colorization matrix in the sense that it minimizes the reconstruction error, the compression efficiency depends on the colorization matrix. In this paper, we propose a colorization matrix construction with high compression efficiency for the colorization-based coding using optimization. To improve the ability to reconstruct the chrominance component, we construct our proposed colorization matrix based on a luminance-chrominance correlation in a local area. Furthermore, we embed an edge-preserving smoothing filtering process into the colorization matrix to reduce artifacts. The experimental results show that our method achieves better reconstruction of the chrominance component and higher compression efficiency compared with the conventional method.
Evaluation of defect detection schemes for CMP process monitoring using rigorous 3-D EM simulations (2002)

In this paper, various defect detection schemes are investigated for the post chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) inspection application using the simulation tool, METRO. Both bright field and dark field detection schemes have been studied to determine the methods of reducing the impact of layer thickness variation. Two critical CMP process defects, microscratches and particles, are evaluated. Using METRO, high resolution bright field is shown to have superior sensitivity to lower resolution bright field. Several illumination bandwidths and optical resolutions are studied in the presence of CMP color noise or oxide thickness variation. Ultra broad band (UBB) bright field detection is shown to have reduced color noise compared to traditional bright field detection. For dark field detection at a grazing angle of illumination, circular polarization is shown to have a scattering cross-sectional intensity that will provide better detection of the defects. Tungsten adhesion deposition, used after oxide CMP and contact patterning, is presented as an excellent zone monitor inspection point while significantly reducing the impact of layer thickness variation and underlying pattern noise. At this step, dark field simulations at multiple illumination angles illustrates that using a grazing angle of illumination, slurry particles will be detected exponentially better than at a higher angle.
Synthesis and Antimutagenic Properties of Novel Systems Based on Poly(Quaternized Ammonium) Salts (2002)

The adsorptive capacity on the model bilayer lipid membrane and antimutagenic activity of synthetic polycations of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMACh) were studied. A correlation between the total positive charge of a macro-ion and the polymer efficiency as a bioprotector was found. A number of ternary copolymers (TCP) containing different amounts of di(tertbutyl)phenol (TBPh) in the side chain of a DADMACh and acrylic acid binary copolymer (30:70 mol%) were prepared. A correlation between the amount of the TBPh in the TCP(TBPh) structure and both the antiradical and the antimutagenic efficiencies was obtained. Taking into account the correlations found in model synthetic polycations, modification of chitosan was fulfilled. Chitosan derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups and TBPh in the polymer side chain improved the antimutagenic efficiency of the polymer in a plant test-system from 48 to 93%.
Activity of some naphthoquinones on blood stream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (1987)

Accidental transmission of Chagas disease to man by blood transfusion is a serious problem in Latin America. This paper describes the testing of several naphthoquinones, some of which were active against blood trypomastigotes in vitro at 4 degrees C and might therefore warrant further study for preventing transmission of Chagas disease by blood transfusion.
Medications for analgesia and sedation in the intensive care unit: an overview (2008)

Critically ill patients are often treated with continuous intravenous infusions of sedative drugs. However, this is associated with high risk for over-sedation, which can result in prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. Recently introduced protocols (daily interruption and analgosedation) have proven to reduce the length of intensive care unit stay. To introduce these protocols, new agents or new regimens with the well established agents may be required. In this article we briefly discuss these new regimens and new agents, focusing on the short-acting substances.
Model Selection Through Sparse Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Multivariate Gaussian or Binary Data (2007)

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a Gaussian or binary distribution in such a way that the resulting undirected graphical model is sparse. Our approach is to solve a maximum likelihood problem with an added l1-norm penalty term. The problem as formulated is convex but the memory requirements and complexity of existing interior point methods are prohibitive for problems with more than tens of nodes. We present two new algorithms for solving problems with at least a thousand nodes in the Gaussian case. Our first algorithm uses block coordinate descent, and can be interpreted as recursive l1-norm penalized regression. Our second algorithm, based on Nesterov’s first order method, yields a complexity estimate with a better dependence on problem size than existing interior point methods. Using a log determinant relaxation of the log partition function (Wainwright and Jordan [2006]), we show that these same algorithms can be used to solve an approximate sparse maximum likelihood problem for the binary case. We test our algorithms on synthetic data, as well as on gene expression and senate voting records data.
Review of Dall, W. H., P. Bartsch and H. A. Rehder 1938: A Manual of the Recent and Fossil Marine Pelecypod Mollusks of the Hawaiian Islands (1949)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Elucidation of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Tetrahymena Reveals an Evolutionarily Convergent Recruitment of Dynamin (2005)

Ciliates, although single-celled organisms, contain numerous subcellular structures and pathways usually associated with metazoans. How this cell biological complexity relates to the evolution of molecular elements is unclear, because features in these cells have been defined mainly at the morphological level. Among these ciliate features are structures resembling clathrin-coated, endocytic pits associated with plasma membrane invaginations called parasomal sacs. The combination of genome-wide sequencing in Tetrahymena thermophila with tools for gene expression and replacement has allowed us to examine this pathway in detail. Here we demonstrate that parasomal sacs are sites of clathrin-dependent endocytosis and that AP-2 localizes to these sites. Unexpectedly, endocytosis in Tetrahymena also involves a protein in the dynamin family, Drp1p (Dynamin-related protein 1). While phylogenetic analysis of AP subunits indicates a primitive origin for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, similar analysis of dynamin-related proteins suggests, strikingly, that the recruitment of dynamin-family proteins to the endocytic pathway occurred independently during the course of the ciliate and metazoan radiations. Consistent with this, our functional analysis suggests that the precise roles of dynamins in endocytosis, as well as the mechanisms of targeting, differ in metazoans and ciliates.
Low-frequency infrared studies of some tin(IV) halide adducts (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-frequency infrared studies of some tin(IV) halide adductsMichael F. Farona and Jeanette G. GrasselliCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 9, 1675–1679Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50055a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50055a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Support of HUVEC proliferation by pro-angiogenic intermediate CD163 <sup>+</sup> monocytes/macrophages: A co-culture experiment (2011)

So called intermediate (MO2) monocytes/macrophages possess anti-inflammatory properties and express the MO lineage marker CD163. On a hydrophilic, acrylamide-based hydrogel human intermediate (CD14++ CD16+) CD163++ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) which were angiogenically stimulated, maintained a pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory status for at least 14 days. Here we explored, whether this aMO2 subset can positively influence the proliferation of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) without switching back into a pro-inflammatory (MO1) phenotype. aMO2 or HUVEC were seeded alone on glass cover slips (0.5 × 10(5) cells / 1.33 cm(2)) in a HUVEC specific cell culture medium (EGM-2) for 3 hrs, 24 hrs and 72 hrs or under co-culture conditions (0.5 × 10(5) HUVEC + 0.25 × 10(5) aMO2 / 1.33 cm(2)) in EGM-2 for the same time window as well (n = 6 each). Under co-culture conditions the numbers of adherent HUVEC per unit area were significantly higher (p < 0.01; 525 ± 52 HUVEC/mm(2)) compared to control mono-cultures (473 ± 76 HUVEC/mm(2)) after 72 hrs of cultivation and showed their typically spread morphology. The aMO2 remained in their subset status and secreted VEGF-A165 without release of pro-inflammatory cytokines until the end of the 72 hrs cultivation time period, thereby supporting the HUVEC proliferation. These in vitro results might indicate that this MO subset can be used as cellular delivery system for pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory mediators to support the endothelialisation of biomaterials like e.g. cPnBA.
Effects of noise on detection of amplitude increments of sinusoidal vibration of the skin (1992)

Vibrotactile thresholds for detecting a 300-Hz signal in the presence of both a 300-Hz sinusoidal pedestal and a background noise were measured as a function of the amplitudes of the pedestal and noise. Threshold increased monotonically as a function of the amplitude of the noise, but was a nonmonotonic function of the amplitude of the sinusoidal pedestal. Negative masking, in which the pedestal facilitated detection of the test stimulus, was observed in the absence of background noise and in the presence of subthreshold background noise when the pedestal was near or below threshold. Negative masking disappeared when the experiment was conducted in the presence of moderately intense to intense background noise. The results are consistent with a peripheral high-energy threshold for taction.
Scattering analysis of large-scale array structures using an efficient hybrid CBFM/FEM technique (2015)

An efficient hybrid technique that combines the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and the finite element method (FEM) is presented for analyzing the scattering of large-scale array structures which may be dielectrics or metal objects. By utilizing the hybrid method, the whole array structures are divided into several blocks, and a set of the new characteristic basis functions (CBFs) independent of the incidence are generated. Furthermore, the singular value decomposition (SVD) leads to a significant reduced matrix. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.
Mineral supplements for sheep (1963)

Abstract The chemical composition of 12 commercial mineral supplements specially designed for sheep by 10 manufacturers are detailed together with the amounts of each element provided by a daily consumption of 15 g. All the supplements would provide at least 50% of the calcium requirement of a pregnant or lactating ewe. Similarly, most of the mixtures would supply 15–35% of the total desirable phosphorus intake but one provided only 6% and two would give about 45% of the daily requirement. None of the supplements generally manufactured for sheep contain adequate prophylactic amounts of magnesium for prevention of hypomagnesaemia, but the cattle supplements which are normally recommended by the respective firms would do so if used at the correct rates. All the supplements provided fully adequate amounts of cobalt, but three of the materials would have insufficient copper to prevent swayback. It is considered that there is an adequate safety margin against copper poisoning for all the supplements if fed in controlled amounts for restricted periods.
Greater Occipital Nerve Blockade for Cluster Headache (2002)

Cluster headache is perhaps the most painful of the primary headache disorders. Its treatment includes acute, transitional, and preventive therapy. Despite the availability of many treatments, cluster headache patients can still be difficult to treat. We treated 14 cluster headache patients with greater occipital nerve block as transitional therapy (treatment initiated at the same time as preventive therapy). The mean number of headache-free days was 13.1 + 23.6. Four patients (28.5%) had a good response, five (35.7%) a moderate, and five (35.7%) no response. The greater occipital nerve block was well tolerated with no adverse events. Headache intensity, frequency and duration were significantly decreased comparing the week before with the week after the nerve block (P < 0.003, P = 0.003, P < 0.005, respectively). Greater occipital nerve blockade is a therapeutic option for the transitional treatment of cluster headache.
Bounds on coding gain versus decoding delay for spherical codes on the Gaussian channel (2002)

Shannon's (1949) well-known bound on the capacity of the AWGN channel provides a lower bound on the required signal to noise ratio (SNR) on the channel to achieve a given information rate. It is also well-known, however, that this corresponds to codes of arbitrary length, which implies unlimited decoding delay. In many applications, and especially telephony, delay is severely limited, and may indeed constrain the system performance more fundamentally than decoder complexity. Delay is most fundamentally limited by the length of a code required to achieve the required SNR at the target bit error ratio (BER). (This neglects processing delay). Hence we use bounds on the BER of a block code of given length. The results, nevertheless, are applicable also to convolutional codes. Many such bounds are known, but we use upper and lower bounds appropriate to the class of spherical group codes on the AWGN channel. This class includes all linear binary codes and coded modulation schemes based on MPSK. The lower bound is due to Aldis (1992), but the upper bound does not seem to have previously appeared in the literature.
Acetylation of Human Serum Albumin by Acetylsalicylic Acid (1968)

Human serum albumin is acetylated when exposed to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) under physiologic conditions in vitro. Indications are that a similar phenomenon occurs in vivo after ingestion of aspirin.
Measurements and modelling of acoustic scattering by a spherical elastic shell near an interface. (2011)

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