gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy gap tuning in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride bilayer system (2010)

We use a tight-binding approach and density functional theory calculations to study the band structure of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride bilayer system in the most stable configuration. We show that an electric field applied in the direction perpendicular to the layers significantly modifies the electronic structure of the whole system, including shifts, anticrossing and other deformations of bands, which can allow to control a value of the energy gap. It is shown that band structure of biased system may be tailored for specific requirements of nanoelectronics applications. The carriers' mobilities are expected to be higher than in the bilayer graphene devices.
High passive-stability diode-laser design for use in atomic-physics experiments (2012)

We present the design and performance characterization of an external-cavity diode-laser system optimized for high stability, low passive spectral linewidth, low cost, and ease of in-house assembly. The main cavity body is machined from a single aluminum block for robustness to temperature changes and mechanical vibrations, and features a stiff and light diffraction-grating arm to suppress low-frequency mechanical resonances. The cavity is vacuum sealed, and a custom-molded silicone external housing further isolates the system from acoustic noise and temperature fluctuations. Beam shaping, optical isolation, and fiber coupling are integrated, and the design is easily adapted to many commonly used wavelengths. Resonance data, passive-linewidth data, and passive stability characterization of the new design demonstrate that its performance exceeds published specifications for commercial precision diode-laser systems. The design is fully documented and freely available.
Fermentation of glucose by <i>Acetobacter melanogenus</i> (1977)

Abstract Growing cultures of Acetobacter melanogenus ATCC 9937 converted D ‐glucose to 2,5‐diketo‐ D ‐gluconic acid with D ‐gluconic acid and 5‐keto‐ D ‐glucose acid as intermediates. The 2,5‐diketo‐ D ‐gluconic acid was isolated from the fermented medium by treatment with an anion exchange resin.
QCS : a system for querying, clustering, and summarizing documents. (2006)

Information retrieval systems consist of many complicated components. Research and development of such systems is often hampered by the difficulty in evaluating how each particular component would behave across multiple systems. We present a novel hybrid information retrieval system--the Query, Cluster, Summarize (QCS) system--which is portable, modular, and permits experimentation with different instantiations of each of the constituent text analysis components. Most importantly, the combination of the three types of components in the QCS design improves retrievals by providing users more focused information organized by topic. We demonstrate the improved performance by a series of experiments using standard test sets from the Document Understanding Conferences (DUC) along with the best known automatic metric for summarization system evaluation, ROUGE. Although the DUC data and evaluations were originally designed to test multidocument summarization, we developed a framework to extend it to the task of evaluation for each of the three components: query, clustering, and summarization. Under this framework, we then demonstrate that the QCS system (end-to-end) achieves performance as good as or better than the best summarization engines. Given a query, QCS retrieves relevant documents, separates the retrieved documents into topic clusters, and creates a single summary for each cluster. In the current implementation, Latent Semantic Indexing is used for retrieval, generalized spherical k-means is used for the document clustering, and a method coupling sentence ''trimming'', and a hidden Markov model, followed by a pivoted QR decomposition, is used to create a single extract summary for each cluster. The user interface is designed to provide access to detailed information in a compact and useful format. Our system demonstrates the feasibility of assembling an effective IR system from existing software libraries, the usefulness of the modularity of the design, and the value of this particular combination of modules.
Cogeneration refinery for total residue destruction (1993)

The effects of vitamin D, 2.5 mg (100,000 U)/d for 4 d, on serum calcium, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), and serum 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1 alpha,25(OH)2D] were compared in 17 normal subjects and 6 patients with sarcoidosis who had normocalcemia and no history of hypercalcemia. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in each of them. Vitamin D increased mean serum 25-PHD from 30 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 15 ng/ml (P < 0.001) and did not change mean serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D (32 +/- 3 vs. 29 +/- 3 pg/ml) or mean serum calcium (9.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl) in the normal subjects. In contrast, vitamin D increased mean serum 25-OHD from 19 +/- 3 to 65 +/- 19 ng/ml (p < 0.05), increased mean serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D threefold from 40 +/- 7 to 120 +/- 24 pg/ml, and increased mean serum calcium from 9.4 +/- 0.2 to 9.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D and serum calcium in these individuals (r = 0.663, P < 0.01) but not in the normal subjects. The results (a) provide further evidence for abnormal regulation of circulating 1 alpha,25(OH)2D in sarcoidosis and (b) indicate that the abnormality may exist in patients with normal calcium metabolism. Thus, the defect in vitamin D metabolism in sarcoid apparently is more common than was previously recognized.
Flame Retardancy Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelet/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Membranes on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites (2013)

Carbon nanotube/graphene nanoplatelet (MWCNT/GNP) hybrid membranes with lower liquid permeability and better barrier effect compared to MWCNT membranes were successfully synthesized by vacuum filtering. Their morphologies, water permeability, and pore structures were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, MWCNT/GNP membranes were used to improve the flame retardancy of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, and the influence of weight percentage of GNPs on the permeability and flame retardancy of MWCNT/GNP membranes was systematically investigated. Results show that incorporation of MWCNT/GNP membranes on CFRP composite plates can remarkably improve the flame retardancy of CFRP composites. Specifically, the incorporation of hierarchical MWCNT/GNP membrane with 7.5 wt% of GNP displays a 35% reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) for a CFRP composite plate with the epoxy as matrix and a 11% reduction in PHRR compared with the incorporation of MWCNT membrane only. A synergistic flame retarding mechanism is suggested to be attributed to these results, which includes controlling the pore size and penetrative network structure.
<title>Study on single-element monochromatic light depolarizer</title> (1995)

Nearly all light sources are partially polarized, photomultiplier tube, photocell detector, and grating all have a polarization sensitive effect. When we use natural light to do some study, the light from the light source must be depolarized. In order to reduce the polarization sensitive effect of the detector, we need a fixed depolarizer in front of the detector. Since Lyot times, there has been considerable attention paid to the study of the polychromatic light depolarizer, but there are only a very limited number of ways to depolarize monochromatic light. In this article we introduce single element structure monochromatic light depolarizers made by using birefringent crystal. They include a single wedge depolarizer, a single element double wedge depolarizer, a right angle prism depolarizer, and a plano-convex lens depolarizer. We study their structure character, working principle, and use specification in detail and also point out some errors in the calcite right angle depolarizer.
Radioimmunoguided Breast Surgery Using Radiolabeled Antibody NR-LU-10 FAB: A Pilot Study (2001)

Radiolabeled NR-LU-10 Fab possesses favorable pharmokinetics and tumor-binding ability as a targeting agent. However, binding to non-malignant tissue limits its role in the intraoperative evaluation of tumor margins in breast cancer patients. Its role in other malignancies should be explored.
Protein hydrolysates in sports and exercise: a brief review. (2004)

Protein can be hydrolyzed, producing small chains of amino acids called peptides. Several studies have shown that protein hydrolysates containing mostly di- and tripeptides are absorbed more rapidly than free form amino acids and much more rapidly than intact proteins. In addition, there is recent evidence that protein hydrolysate ingestion has strong insulinotropic effect. Thus, recovery sports drinks containing protein hydrolysates may be of great value. Key PointsProtein hydrolysates containing mostly di- and tripeptides are absorbed more rapidly than free form amino acids and much more rapidly than intact proteins.Oral intake of protein hydrolysates and amino acids in combination with carbohydrates can result in an insulinotropic effect as much as 100% greater than with the intake of carbohydrates only.Recovery sports drinks containing protein hydrolysates and insulinotropic amino acids may be of great value, but more research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
ChemInform Abstract: Na23K9Tl15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl7‐ 5, Tl8‐ 4, Tl7‐ 3, and Tl5‐ Anions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transformations of Tetrachloroethene and Trichloroethene in Microcosms and Groundwater (1984)

Cis‐ and trans‐l,2‐dichloroethene were found in well water at a site contaminated with trichloroethene from a leaking storage tank, although neither compound was used in the vicinity nor was present as an impurity in the trichloroethene in the storage tank. The use of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene in dry cleaning and metal refinishing plants is widespread. Several chloroethene compounds that are found in southern Florida groundwater may have been formed from these solvents via microbial metabolism in the groundwater environment. In this study, depletion of tetrachloroethene and appearance of cis‐ and trans‐l,2‐dichloroethene and chloroethene were observed following incubation of tetrachloroethene in microcosms containing muck from the aquifer recharge basin.
REVIEW OF BOOKS (1951)

Journal Article REVIEW OF BOOKS Get access Octave Maus et la vie musicale belge (1875–1914). By Albert Vander Linden. pp. 156. (Brussels, Palais des Académies. 1950.) R. C. R. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XXXII, Issue 1, January 1951, Pages 74–75, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XXXII.1.74 Published: 01 January 1951
<title>Text characterization by connected component transformations</title> (1994)

Worldwide there are many different scripts and languages in common use. Finding text lines and character and word boundaries, where present, are necessary primitive operations for most document processing applications. We have developed a method of handling text lines from several different languages that is robust in the presence of common printing and scanning artifacts. A technique is described by which information about the characteristics of a text line can be determined from a list of the connected pixel components that comprise the image. This technique applies across many languages and scripts that are laid out horizontally. For text comprising Roman type, the location and dimensions of each text line are augmented with positions of the baseline and x-height. Where appropriate, coordinates of space-delimited words and individual character cells are determined. This technique incorporates a computationally inexpensive method for straightening curved lines and segmenting kerned characters and a novel method based on font weight and stress for locating the boundaries of individual characters, even if their images touch.
[Research advances in clinical biochemical analysis systems based on microfluidic driving and control technique]. (2020)

Microfluidic techniques have the features of high throughput, low consumption, as well as ease of miniaturization, integration, and automation, thus emerging as a feasible solution to cost-effective clinical biochemical analysis. Various clinical biochemical analysis systems based on the microfluidic technique, with different driving and control methods, are introduced in this article, in addition to commercially available microfluidic biochemical analysis instruments. The characteristics of these systems are comprehensively reviewed.
Explicit formulas and efficient algorithm for moment computation of coupled RC trees with lumped and distributed elements (2001)

In today's deep submicron technology the coupling capacitances among individual on-chip RC trees have an essential effect on the signal delay and crosstalk, and the interconnects should be modeled as coupled RC trees. We provide simple explicit formulas for the Elmore delay and higher order voltage moments, and a linear order recursive algorithm for the voltage moment computation for lumped and distributed coupled RC trees. By using the formulas and algorithms, the moment matching method can be efficiently implemented to deal with delay and crosstalk estimation, model order reduction and optimal design of interconnects.
Dual-Band High-Temperature Superconducting Bandpass Filter Using Dual-Mode Hairpin Ring Resonator (2016)

A compact dual-band high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter using a novel hairpin ring resonator (HRR) is presented in this paper. The proposed HRR that provides two controllable resonant modes can be applied to construct dual-band frequency response conveniently. The resonance mechanism of modes and coupling property between resonators are well investigated. Then, four identical HRRs are cascaded for achieving a high-performance dual-band filter. Finally, a fourth-order HTS filter centered at 1.9 and 2.6 GHz is successfully designed and fabricated on MgO substrate with YBCO thin films. The obtained filter has a compact size (occupies only 17.6 mm × 14 mm). The measured results show a high performance and agree well with the simulated ones.
Aerobic Fermentation and the Depletion of the Amino Acid Pool in Yeast Cells (1963)

The amino acid pool of yeast cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, incubated with galactose remains at a constant level for 100 minutes. This is 30 minutes beyond the time at which the oxidative phase of the induced-enzyme formation begins. Washed yeast cells, the pools of which have been depleted 60 per cent by incubation with glucose, do not replenish their pools as do washed cells incubated without a substrate. These facts indicate that the induced enzymes are formed at least partially from pool-replenishing amino acids. The time of onset of pool depletion is the time at which the aerobic fermentation phase of induced-enzyme formation begins for cells incubated with galactose. With 0.1 per cent galactose the respiratory phase begins at 100 minutes but no aerobic fermentation nor pool depletion occurs. The rates of respiration and aerobic fermentation are constant for four glucose concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 per cent. The amount of aerobicfermentation is proportional to the initial concentration of glucose. Amino acid pool depletion occurs for all concentrations but depletion ceases and is followed by pool replenishment after aerobic fermentation is complete. Ultraviolet radiations, which delay the appearance of the respiratory phase of induced-enzyme formation, completely eliminate both the appearance of aerobic fermentation and pool depletion. The results indicate an intimate association between aerobic fermentation and amino acid pool depletion.
A Maximum Likelihood Approach for SSS Detection in LTE Systems (2017)

Before establishing a communication link with the serving base station (eNodeB), user equipment (UE) operating in a long-term evolution (LTE) multi-cellular network must acquire some specific information, including the sector identity and cell group identity. For this purpose, two training sequences called primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) are periodically transmitted in the downlink to convey such information. In this work, we present a novel maximum likelihood (ML) approach for SSS detection assuming that the PSS has been successfully identified at an earlier stage. As we shall see, the resulting scheme turns out to be too complex for practical implementation as it requires perfect knowledge of the channel covariance matrix. Therefore, we look for simpler solutions and propose two reduced-search methods that operate in a mismatched mode. The first scheme exploits channel state information emerging from both the primary and secondary synchronization signals, while the second scheme operates using only the secondary synchronization signal. Numerical analysis indicates that the proposed methods outperform existing alternatives and can be successfully applied even in a severe propagation scenario. The price for such an advantage is a certain increase of the processing requirement.
Adaptive frequency hopping in HF environments (2002)

A frequency hopping scheme (1 bit per chip) is proposed and studied in some detail for channels in the HF-band. This band is subject to interference that varies with time and frequency, due to varying transmission and channel propagation conditions. To make efficient use of the available channel resource an adaptive frequency hopping algorithm has been implemented by means of a neural network to make use of the available channel information from the link quality analysis (LQA) in selecting the frequency slot in contrast to having a uniformly distrinuted selection process. The algorithm proposed combines the advantages of low probability of detection during transmission and reduced fading and interference disturbance when detecting transmitted signals. The disturbances not eliminated by the channel selection is further reduced by using block codes with first order soft decision decoding. The results on residual bit error rate and average signal to interference ratio are promising with an overall reduction in bit error rate of more than two orders of magnitude at moderate signal to noise and signal to interference ratios for a course channel model based upon the results by P. J. Laycock et al. (1988). >
AOP and Reflection for Dynamic Hyperslices (2004)

In this paper we present a Model for Dynamic Hyperslices which uses a particular Aspect-Oriented (AO) approach – Hyperspaces – for decomposition and reflection as a means for composition of software modules. This model allows for structured, dynamic, incremental change introduction and rollback, thus, supporting run-time evolution yet preserving component modularity. The applicability of the model is illustrated through a schema adaptation scenario. 1.
Attraction versus Linear and Multiplicative Market Share Models: An Empirical Evaluation (1984)

Roderick Brodie, Cornelis A. de Kluyver, Attraction versus Linear and Multiplicative Market Share Models: An Empirical Evaluation, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 21, No. 2 (May, 1984), pp. 194-201
The Impact of Colon Preparation Timing on Colonoscopic Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms?A Prospective Endoscopist-Blinded Randomized Trial (2006)

Colon preparation on the day of colonoscopy has a better cleansing quality and higher diagnostic yield. Subjects who had lesions detected during the initial screening colonoscopy had better colon cleansing for the second colonoscopy regardless of the timing of preparation.
Induction of an Fc conformational change by binding of antigen: the generation of protein A-reactive sites in chicken immunoglobulin. (1979)

Chicken antibody alone does not bind to Staphylococcus aureus or protein A-Sepharose. Immune complexes containing chicken antibodies do bind, however, showing protein A-binding sites exist on the molecules. Binding does not occur via the antigen contained in the complex. Complexes formed in far antigen excess also bind, suggesting that an induced conformational change in the Fc region of the immunoglobulin occurs but only a fraction of the total chicken antibody is reactive.
How significant are clinically insignificant residual fragments following lithotripsy? (2005)

Residual fragments require close monitoring for stone growth, potential complications and subsequent intervention. Secondary procedures may be applied selectively to those patients who have significant symptoms of obstruction associated with the residual stone. Medical therapy might play an important role in the management of residual fragments.
The Chaetognatha of the Inshore Waters of North Carolina1 (1958)

Plankton samples were taken along the coast and in the sounds of North Carolina to determine the inshore distribution of the Chaetognatha. Five species were found within ten miles of the coast. The large northern sounds with water of reduced salinity do not appear to support an appreciable chaetognath population. Sagitta hispida and S. tenuis, the two characteristic inshore species, were common in the small bays and sounds south of Pamlico. Cape Hatteras with the colder Virginian water to the north appears to be a barrier to the northward occurrence of S. hispida. A more concentrated population of chaetognaths was found inshore than collections made a few years earlier indicated for the offshore waters. The same five species were also found along the west coast of Florida in an earlier study.
Microstructure effects on shock-induced surface jetting (2014)

We investigate with large-scale molecular dynamics simulations shock-induced surface jetting from grooved Cu as regards microstructure effects, including jetting mass/velocity ratios, directionality, jetting phase diagram, secondary jetting, and underlying mechanisms. The grooves are of wedged, cylindrical, and rectangular shapes. Other microstructure features explored are half angles, crystal structure asymmetry as represented by grain boundaries, geometrical asymmetry, and deformation heterogeneity. The common fundamental mechanism is that jetting is driven by stress gradients due to transverse mass collision. For symmetrical wedged grooves, the velocity ratio (maximum jet head velocity/free surface velocity of flat surface) increases linearly with decreasing half angle, with a slope similar for different materials and at nano- to macroscales, as indicated by our simulations and previous experiments. However, the jetting factor or mass ratio reaches the maximum at certain intermediate half angle. An impact strength vs. half angle phase diagram is established for a typical case of wedged grooves, useful for predicting the critical parameters for jetting (e.g., the critical impact velocity for a given half angle, as well as deducing yield strength). Small asymmetries, including crystal structure and geometrical asymmetries as well as deformation inhomogeneities, may induce considerable deviation of the jetting direction. Wedged, cylindrical, and rectangular grooves form a geometrical hierarchy. Primary jetting can be well described with wedged grooves, and secondary jetting is a result of collision of primary jets. Rectangular grooves may yield pronounced, velocity-enhanced, secondary jetting.