gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Competition between the Clarke-Eschweiler and Pictet-Spengler Reactions (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn Competition between the Clarke-Eschweiler and Pictet-Spengler ReactionsRichard BaltzlyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 23, 6038–6039Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01119a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01119a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous sonochemistry for destruction of hazardous waste. 1998 annual progress report (1998)

'The primary objective of this research project is to acquire a deeper fundamental knowledge of acoustic cavitation and cavitation chemistry, and in doing so, to ascertain how ultrasonic irradiation can be more effectively applied to environmental problems. The primary objective will be accomplished by examining numerous aspects of sonochemical systems and acoustic cavitation. During the course of the project, the research group will investigate the significance of physical variables during sonolysis, sonochemical kinetics and reactive intermediates, and the behavior of heterogeneous (solid/liquid) systems. An additional component of the project includes utilizing various techniques to image cavitation bubble cloud development. This report summarizes results after 2 years of a 3 year investigation. Four on-going projects will be described. The first project is the destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls at multiple ultrasonic frequencies. The second project is a comprehensive study of how ultrasonic frequency influences sonochemical reaction rates; in particular, hydrogen peroxide formation. Finally, the sonochemical destruction of the pesticides dichlorvos (at 500 kHz) and carbofuran (parallel-plate reactor) has been examined.'
"Er...?" 25 January, 2006 (2006)

Shows Maori Party leaders Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples sitting on a Maori seats. They are encouraging voters signing on the Maori roll. National and ACT leaders Don Brash and Rodney Hide are dressed as furniture removers and are trying to remove the Maori seats. Cartoon depicts the importance of politics for Maori with the introduction of the five-yearly voting option for New Zealand citizens of Maori descent. This option has the potential to increase the power of the Maori Party. The National and ACT parties hope to abolish the Maori seats in the government, while the Labour Party lost four of its Maori seats as a result. 
Arrangement: This cartoon file was originally delivered to the library within a sub-folder called 'MG Business', which was inside a folder called 'AWS Cartoon highlights, Nov'04-May'07' 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
Diagnosis and Control of Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Concrete (1997)

Aggregates containing certain constituents can react with alkali hydroxides in concrete. The reactivity is potentially harmful only when it produces significant expansion.(1)** This alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR) has two forms—alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR, sometimes called alkali-carbonate rock reaction, or ACRR). ASR is of more concern than ACR because the occurrence of aggregates containing reactive silica minerals is more common. Alkali-reactive carbonate aggregates have a specific composition that is not very common. Alkali-silica reactivity has been recognized as a potential source of distress in concrete since the late 1930s.(2,3) Even though potentially reactive aggregates exist throughout North America, ASR distress in structural concrete is not common. There are a number of reasons for this:
Evidence for a Monoclonal Origin of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques (1973)

The main cellular elements of atherosclerotic plaques are smooth muscle cells. Because these plaques differ from their precursors in the underlying artery wall in several ways, we have asked the question: Are human atherosclerotic plaques polyclonal or monoclonal in their origin? The X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) in heterozygotic females has been used to obtain an answer. 30 Plaques of different degrees of complexity and 59 samples of normal aorta and iliac artery walls from four females, 25-79 years old, were investigated. The data show that fibrous caps even of relatively large atheromatous plaques, 0.5 cm or greater in diameter, are composed of cells that produce solely or predominantly one enzyme type, whereas samples of artery wall media and intima as small as 0.1 mm(3) are regularly composed of a mixture of cell types. If plaques were a response to injury akin to a healing wound, a reaction to a growth stimulant, or formed due to an organization of a mural thrombus, they would be expected to be polyclonal. Hence, the results imply that atherosclerotic plaques in human beings arise by another mechanism. The mechanism compatible with the monoclonal nature of atherosclerotic plaques is mutation, and the likely causes are chemical mutagens or viruses.
Identification of the Protein Storage Vacuole and Protein Targeting to the Vacuole in Leaf Cells of Three Plant Species (2004)

Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) are specialized vacuoles devoted to the accumulation of large amounts of protein in the storage tissues of plants. In this study, we investigated the presence of the storage vacuole and protein trafficking to the compartment in cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and Arabidopsis leaf tissue. When we expressed phaseolin, the major storage protein of common bean, or an epitope-tagged version of alpha-tonoplast intrinsic protein (alpha-TIP, a tonoplast aquaporin of PSV), in protoplasts derived from leaf tissues, these proteins were targeted to a compartment ranging in size from 2 to 5 microm in all three plant species. Most Arabidopsis leaf cells have one of these organelles. In contrast, from one to five these organelles occurred in bean and tobacco leaf cells. Also, endogenous alpha-TIP is localized in a similar compartment in untransformed leaf cells of common bean and is colocalized with transiently expressed epitope-tagged alpha-TIP. In Arabidopsis, phaseolin contained N-glycans modified by Golgi enzymes and its traffic was sensitive to brefeldin A. However, trafficking of alpha-TIP was insensitive to brefeldin A treatment and was not affected by the dominant-negative mutant of AtRab1. In addition, a modified alpha-TIP with an insertion of an N-glycosylation site has the endoplasmic reticulum-type glycans. Finally, the early step of phaseolin traffic, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, required the activity of the small GTPase Sar1p, a key component of coat protein complex II-coated vesicles, independent of the presence of the vacuolar sorting signal in phaseolin. Based on these results, we propose that the proteins we analyzed are targeted to the PSV or equivalent organelle in leaf cells and that proteins can be transported to the PSV by two different pathways, the Golgi-dependent and Golgi-independent pathways, depending on the individual cargo proteins.
Impact of Power Outages on Developing Countries Evidence from Rural Households in Niger Delta, Nigeria (2018)

Nigeria is suffering from the worst energy crisis in its history, resulting in its rural communities being subjected to massive power outages, daily. Energy promotes economic well-being and makes social life worthwhile such that youths are less disposed to violent crimes. This study investigated the consequences of power outages on the social-economic life of rural households in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Primary data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire circulated among unemployed youth, students, housewives, businessmen and professionals in the area. The study focused on the relationship between power outage and its impact on the everyday life of the people. This study adopted a descriptive research design using 1000 randomly selected members of 44 rural households in the areas mostly affected by incessant power outages. It was found that stunted economic growth, reduced leisure time as well as heightened criminality and insecurity are some of the major results of rampant power outages among rural households in the Niger Delta. It is concluded that power outages have severe negative impact on the social and economic lives of the people. The findings from this research would help improve the outlook of rural communities in Nigeria and other developing countries.
Performance Gaps Between U.S. and European Casinos: A Comparative Study (2012)

Recent years have seen the fast spread of legalized gaming throughout the world. Amid the frenzied gaming boom, new casinos have mushroomed on every continent. Casinos in different continents operate in different legal and market environments and may have performed quite differently. This study examines the performance results of U. S. casinos, those in Nevada and on the Las Vegas Strip in particular, in comparison with Dutch and French casinos in 1998. It was found that Dutch and French casinos outperformed U. S. casinos in both revenue efficiency and profitability. Noncompetitive European gaming markets most likely have helped European casinos achieve better results.
Hard-decision quantization with adaptive reconstruction levels for High Efficiency Video Coding (2011)

In this paper, a quantization scheme based on hard-decision partition and adaptive reconstruction levels is proposed for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the video coding standard currently under development, which has demonstrated approximately 40% bit saving compared to H.264/AVC. For each video frame, the residual signal after motion estimation is transformed and then quantized by a hard-decision scalar quantizer. The reconstruction levels of the quantization outputs are adaptively computed based on the statistics of the residual signals of previously coded frames, and are selectively transmitted to the decoder. Compared with the rate-distortion optimized quantization (RDOQ) method in HEVC, which is attempting optimal among all encoder-side quantization techniques, the proposed scheme addresses the decoder-side reconstruction problem and achieves further rate reduction in the low-delay low-complexity setting while the encoding computational complexity is significantly reduced, and the decoder complexity remains almost the same.
Study on unit combination type direct-driven submersible permanent magnet motor (2014)

Conventional submersible motor manufacturing process, operation and repair difficult technology, puts forward a submersible direct drive the super thin unit combination type permanent magnet motor. This paper introduces the composition and structure characteristic of the motor. Through establishing 2D finite-element analysis model of the submersible motor and curve fitting by parameter calculations, the relationship curve between the air magnetic bridge width and the leakage flux coefficient is given out. The waveform of the air-gap magnetic field and the harmonic content are analyzed with the finite element method to obtain the waveform deviation factor-pole eccentricity curve and the optimal eccentricity. Then get the curve between the no-load back-EMF with the groove depth of stator yoke based on a series of finite element calculations. At last, the 3D finite element calculation results verify the motor stator, rotor structure optimization design effectiveness. The structure of the unit combination type permanent magnet synchronous motor is feasible, and can be widely applied to the submersible screw pump system.
EXACERBATION OF CHOROIDAL AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL ATROPHY AFTER ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2014)

In Brief Purpose: To study the progression of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroidal atrophy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to assess for a possible association with the number and type of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatments. Methods: Patients with neovascular AMD and a minimum of 1-year follow-up were reviewed. Fellow eyes with nonneovascular AMD were used as control eyes. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy area and choroidal thickness were determined using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Multivariable regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 415 eyes were included in the study, with a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. Eyes with neovascular AMD had greater progression of RPE atrophy and choroidal atrophy compared with those with nonneovascular AMD (P < 0.001). Progression of RPE atrophy and choroidal atrophy was independently associated with the total number of injections of bevacizumab and ranibizumab (all P values ≤ 0.001). In the subgroup of 84 eyes with neovascular AMD and without RPE atrophy at baseline, only bevacizumab was associated with the progression of RPE atrophy (P = 0.003). This study likely lacked statistical power to detect an association with ranibizumab in this subgroup. Conclusion: Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and choroidal atrophy in neovascular AMD seem to be exacerbated by anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Possible differences between bevacizumab and ranibizumab require further investigation. In this retrospective study of more than 400 eyes with a mean follow-up of >2 years, the authors found an association between intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and the progression of retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal atrophy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Relative-output-based consensus for nonlinear multi-agent systems with unknown measurement sensitivities (2019)

In this paper, the consensus problem is investigated for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems in lower triangular form through dynamic output feedback control. Each agent can only access to the uncertain relative output information from other agents under directed communication. The presence of unknown measurement sensitivities causes the relative output can not be used to construct the observer for each agent directly. For the sake of overcoming this difficulty, a dual-domination gain method is applied to dominate the nonlinear terms and the unknown measurement sensitivities. Then, a new dynamic output feedback consensus prtocol is presented to drive the multi-agent systems to consensus. The upper bound of the unknown measurements sensitivities is also given. At last, we provide two numerical simulation examples to verify the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
The Iowa Academy of Science: Its Opportunities (1967)

Just what is the Iowa Academy of Science and what function does it serve? What worthwhile activities does it sponsor that might be improved with the establishment of a central office? These are questions that deserve answers.
The relationship between school improvement grant funding allocations and student achievement in California's persistently lowest achieving schools (2014)

The federal government, through the School Improvement Grant (SIG) program of 2009, provided millions of dollars for states to bring about immediate and sustainable academic growth to schools that were designated as persistently lowest achieving. This study examined the budgets of the 128 California schools that participated in the first 2 years of the SIG program and analyzed the relationship between budgetary allocations and student achievement scores as measured by the Academic Performance Index (API). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that SIG budgetary allocation percentages designated for certificated personnel, classified personnel, instructional materials, parent education, professional development, technology, extended time, consultant services, incentives, and allocation percentages designated for inside or outside the classroom were not predictive of API scores. A Pearson r correlation showed no relationship between allocation percentages designated for staff incentives and API scores. An independent samples t-test showed no statistically significant difference between Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 API scores. Finally, an independent samples t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in mean API scores favoring those schools that were eligible to participate in the SIG program but did not receive funding over those that received SIG funding.
Evolution of In-Flight Medical Care from Space Shuttle to International Space Station (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The U.S. space program is progressing from short Space Shuttle flights to long-duration International Space Station (ISS) missions. In-flight medical systems must meet the operational medical needs of crewmembers, while balancing the volume, weight, and cost constraints of space flight hardware design. The Shuttle Orbiter Medical System (SOMS), designed to support seven crewmembers from one to two weeks, has provided reliable onboard medical care for over 70 Space Shuttle missions. A derivative of the SOMS, the Mir Supplemental Medical Kit (MSMK), has been developed for long-duration flights aboard the Russian Mir Space Station, augmenting the Mir's existing medical capability. Space flight experience and knowledge of occupational risk factors has contributed to the maturation of the SOMS and MSMK. The ISS will be a platform for long-duration manned science missions with a life sciences orientation driving an overall shift in medical capability from acute response to comprehensive health care. The mission of the U.S. Crew Health Care System (CHeCS) is to maintain all aspects of crew health. Three major subcomponents comprise CHeCS, including the Environmental Health System (EHS), Countermeasures Monitoring System (CMS), and Health Maintenance System (HMS).</div>
La educación en cárceles, una experiencia desde un establecimiento de reclusión (2014)

La Declaracion Universal de los Derechos Humanos afirma que “Toda persona tiene derecho a la educacion” (1948) en cualquier rincon del mundo, incluso los privados de la libertad. El presente articulo buscaanalizar el papel que cumple la educacion en los procesos de resocializacion del personal de internosdel Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario de Tunja. Se adelanto a tal finuna investigacion de caracter cualitativo con metodologia de accion-participacion. La poblacion-objetivo fueron los 182 internos alli recluidos. Para la recoleccion de la informacion se utilizo una encuesta, cuyo principal resultado fue el reconocimiento de los internos que la falta de la educacion es una de las causas fundamentales para que ellos cometieran el delito y vieron con sorpresa como dentro del Establecimiento de Reclusion han podido realizar actividades que en libertad ni siquiera imaginaban.
Test-Retest Reliability and Age-Related Characteristics of the Ocular and Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Tests (2010)

Overall, oVEMP response parameters demonstrated better test-retest reliability than cVEMP response parameters, but oVEMPs and cVEMPs had similar age-related changes.
Fast Ray Tracing of Implicit Surfaces (1999)

A ray‐tracing algorithm is described for rendering implicit surfaces formed with C 1 ‐continuous bounded functions f ( x , y , z ). This class of functions includes such popular implicit models as blobby molecules, metaballs, soft objects and convolution surfaces. The algorithm employs analytical methods only, which makes it fast, robust, and numerically stable. An earlier version of this work was presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Implicit Surfaces held in Seattle in 1998.
Personalized Social Image Recommendation Method Based on User-Image-Tag Model (2017)

In the social image sharing websites (such as Flickr), users are allowed to upload images and tag them with tags. Due to the diversities of users' interests, different users may tag the same image with different tags. Therefore, tags not only reveal some important image semantic clues, but also show user's preference, which can provide a new effective solution for overcoming the semantic gap as well as realizing a personalized recommendation. In this paper, a personalized social image recommendation method based on user-image-tag model is proposed. The main contributions of our work are 1) to efficiently make use of tags, social image tags are re-ranked according to the image content; 2) to obtain user preference, a user-image-tag model is constructed with tripartite graph according to the correlation among users, images and top-ranking tags; and 3) a personalized social recommendation system is implemented based on user-image-tag model. Experimental results proved that our method can significantly improve the accuracy of personalized image recommendation.
On the synthesis and isolation of chlorocarbazoles obtained by chlorination of carbazoles (1997)

Abstract Carbazole ( 1 ) undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with various chlorinating reagents. Although 3‐chlorocarbazole ( 1b ), 3,6‐dichlorocarbazole ( 1d ) and 1,3,6,8‐tetrachlorocarbazole ( 1f ) obtained by chlorination of carbazole were isolated and characterized sometime ago, 1‐chlorocarbazole ( 1a ), 1,6‐dichlorocarbazole ( 1c ) and 1,3,6‐trichlorocarbazole ( 1e ) had never been isolated from the reaction mixtures. The preparation and subsequent isolation and characterization of 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f are reported (mp, t R, R f , 1 H‐ and 13 C‐nmr, ms). Physical and spectroscopic properties of 1c are compared with those of 1b and 1d in order to show that the former is the major product obtained in several chlorinating processes. As chlorinating reagents, chlorine in glacial acetic acid, sulfuryl chloride, N ‐chlorosuccinimide, N ‐chlorosuccinimide‐silica gel, N ‐chlorobenzotriazole, and N ‐chlorobenzotriazole‐silica gel in dichloromethane and in chloroform have been used and their uses have been compared. The chlorination reaction of different carbazole derivatives such as 2‐hydroxycarbazole ( 2 ), 2‐acetoxycarbazole ( 3 ), 3‐bromocarbazole ( 4 ) and 3‐nitrocarbazole ( 5 ) was also studied and the corresponding chloro derivatives 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a and 5b are described for the first time. Semiempirical PM3 calculations have been performed in order to predict reactivity of carbazole ( 1 ), substituted carbazoles 2–5 and chlorocarbazoles (Scheme 1). Theoretical and experimental results are discussed briefly.
What's the Big Idea with Alternative Lending? (2020)

Alternative lending is a growing phenomenon that is replacing the traditional way of acquiring loans from banks. They are especially popular with small businesses seeking funds to get started. Read this article to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of alternative lending to determine whether it is the best option for you.