gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notch Toughness of Steels (1990)

Abstract Notch toughness is an indication of the capacity of a steel to absorb energy when a stress concentrator or notch is present. The notch toughness of a steel product is the result of a number of interactive effects, including composition, deoxidation and steelmaking practices, solidification, and rolling practices, as well as the resulting microstructure. All carbon and high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels undergo a ductile-to-brittle transition as the temperature is lowered. The composition of a steel, as well as its microstructure and processing history, significantly affects both the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature range and the energy absorbed during fracture at any particular temperature.. Th article focuses on various aspects of notch toughness including the effects of composition and microstructure, general influence of manufacturing practices and the interactive effects that simultaneously influence notch toughness. With the exception of working direction, most of the same chemical, microstructural, and manufacturing factors that influence the notch toughness of wrought steels also apply to cast steels. The Charpy V-notch test is used worldwide to indicate the ductile-to-brittle transition of a steel. While Charpy results cannot be directly applied to structural design requirements, a number of correlations have been made between Charpy results and fracture toughness.
Responses of Rat Root (<i>Acorus americanus</i>Raf.) Plants to Salinity and pH Conditions (2014)

Growth and physiological parameters were examined in rat root ( Raf.) plants grown under controlled environment conditions in hydroponics and subjected to different pH and salinity treatments to determine whether these environmental factors may contribute to poor establishment of in oil sands constructed wetlands. When plants were subjected to a root zone pH ranging from 6.0 to 9.5, the plants that were growing at pH 7.0 showed the highest relative growth rates and chlorophyll concentrations compared with lower and higher pH levels. The greatest inhibition of growth occurred at pH ranging from 8.0 to 9.5. High pH also triggered significant reductions in tissue concentrations of N, P, and microelements, whereas the concentrations of Mg increased at pH >8. When NaCl (25, 50, and 100 mmol L) was added to the nutrient solution at pH 7.0 and 8.5, higher mortality and greater tissue concentrations of Na and Cl were measured in plants growing at pH 8.5 compared with pH 7.0. The results show that plants growing at the optimum pH of 7.0 can better tolerate salinity compared with plants exposed to high root zone pH. Both pH and salinity may present important environmental constraints to growth and establishment of plants in oil sands constructed wetlands.
Ground-state depletion for subdiffraction-limited spatial resolution in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2012)

We theoretically investigate ground-state depletion for subdiffraction-limited spatial resolution in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. We propose a scheme based on ground-state depopulation, which is achieved via a control laser light field incident prior to the CARS excitation light fields. This ground-state depopulation results in a reduced CARS signal generation. With an appropriate choice of spatial beam profiles, the scheme can be used to increase the spatial resolution. Based on the density matrix formalism we calculate the CARS signal generation and find a CARS signal suppression by 75$%$ due to ground-state depletion with a single control light field and by using two control light fields the CARS signal suppression can be enhanced to 94$%$. Additional control light fields will enhance the CARS suppression even further. In case of a single control light field we calculate resulting CARS images using a computer-generated test image including quantum and detector noise and show that the background from the limited CARS suppression can be removed by calculating difference images, yielding subdiffraction-limited resolution where the resolution achievable depends only on the intensity used.
L/sub p/ norm design of weighted order statistic filters (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of designing weighted order statistic (WOS) filters by employing an objective function given as the L/sub p/ norm of the error between the desired signal and the estimated one. The conventional design of WOS filters uses a mean absolute error (MAE) objective function, and as such, it is a special case of the general, L/sub p/ norm based design, developed here. It is shown that in stack filtering, the L/sub p/ norm can be expressed as a linear combination of the decision errors incurred by the Boolean operators at each level of the stack filter architecture. Based on this formulation of the L/sub p/ norm, both nonadaptive and adaptive algorithms for the design of L/sub p/ WOS filters are developed. A design example is considered, to illustrate the performance of the designed L/sub p/ WOS filters with different values of p. The simulation results show that the L/sub p/ WOS filters with p/spl ges/2 are capable of removing more impulsive noise compared with the conventional MAE WOS filters.
Influence of Covalent Bonds on the Adhesion Energy at Elastomer-Glass Interfaces (2013)

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of interfacial covalent bonds on the adhesive behavior of an elastomer, a crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane, and a glass substrate. These covalent bonds were created by applying to both materials an appropriate surface treatment by means of plasma polymerization. Adhesion measurements were carried out by analyzing the contact area between a rubber hemisphere and a flat rigid glass plate. The contact was forced under a given compressive loading for different times tc, then the load was removed and the fracture propagation at the interface was recorded as a function of relaxation time tr. Finally, adhesion energies were also determined by means of a probe test using a tensile testing machine.
Mutagenesis Study of Active Site Residues in Chorismate Mutase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMutagenesis Study of Active Site Residues in Chorismate Mutase from Bacillus subtilisSharon T. Cload, David R. Liu, Richard M. Pastor, and Peter G. SchultzView Author Information Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley, California 94720Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7, 1787–1788Publication Date (Web):February 21, 1996Publication History Received13 September 1995Published online21 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953152ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953152grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views602Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydroxyls,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Potassium,Transition states Get e-Alerts
Essential oil composition of fruit colour varieties of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (2007)

Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow) of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9%) than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%). The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2%) and alpha-cadinol (10.4%), not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated.
Dynamic model of on-chip inverting capacitive charge pumps with charge reusing (2016)

This paper presents a dynamic model for on-chip inverting capacitive charge pumps driven by two non-overlapping clock signals. The model implements the charge reusing technique to mitigate the efficiency loss due to the charge and discharge process of the parasitic capacitances. Validation with both circuit-level simulations and experimental results is shown, demonstrating high accuracy. An application example in micro energy harvesting is given.
Eating and drinking in later life (2017)

Abstract Food and drink are vital to life and have a special place in human culture: providing and receiving food has significance beyond sustaining body physiology. Sudden premature death is becoming less common and people experiencing a slow decline before death with frailty and/or dementia is more common. When patients develop swallowing difficulties and disinterest in food and drink, this presents challenges to healthcare workers and families. Should medically assisted (artificial) nutrition and hydration be started? Evidence suggests that it usually makes little or no impact on physical comfort or clinical outcomes but its emotional and cultural role may be great and ethical decision-making must take this into account. In the chapter we discuss various cultural, ethical, and legal perspectives on this situation and the judgements and practical decisions that arise, specifically focusing on those different standpoints from parts of the world where Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism are predominant.
High-current-density thin-film silicon diodes grown at low temperature (2004)

High-performance thin-film silicon n–i–p diodes are fabricated at temperatures below 160°C using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The 0.01mm2 diodes have a forward current-density of near 1000A∕cm2 and a rectification ratio over 107 at ±2V. Use of microcrystalline silicon i and n layers results in higher current-density diodes than with amorphous silicon, primarily by lowering a barrier to carrier injection. A 30nm intrinsic Si buffer layer between the i and p layers is needed to reduce the reverse leakage current. Minimizing diode area increases forward current density by reducing the voltage drop across the external series resistances.
Controlling Pore Shape and Size of Interpenetrated Anion-Pillared Ultramicroporous Materials Enables Molecular Sieving of CO<sub>2</sub> Combined with Ultrahigh Uptake Capacity (2018)

The separation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from hydrocarbons is a critical process for the production of clean energy and high-purity chemicals. Adsorption based on molecular sieving is an energy-saving separation process; however, most of molecular sieves with narrow and straight pore channels exhibit low CO<sub>2</sub> uptake capacity. Here, we report that a twofold interpenetrated copper coordination network with a consecutive pocket-like pore structure, namely, SIFSIX-14-Cu-i (SIFSIX = hexafluorosilicate, 14 = 4,4'-azopyridine, i = interpenetrated) is a remarkable CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> molecular sieving adsorbent which completely blocks the larger CH<sub>4</sub> molecule with unprecedented selectivity, whereas it has excellent CO<sub>2</sub> uptake (172.7 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>) under the ambient condition. The exceptional separation performance of SIFSIX-14-Cu-i is attributed to its unique pore shape and functional pore surface, which combine a contracted pore window (3.4 Å) and a relatively large pore cavity decorated with high density of inorganic anions. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculation and neutron powder diffraction were performed to understand the CO<sub>2</sub> binding sites. The practical feasibility of SIFSIX-14-Cu-i for CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> mixtures separation was validated by experimental breakthrough tests. This study not only demonstrates the great potential of SIFSIX-14-Cu-i for CO<sub>2</sub> separation but also provides important clues for other gas separations.
An Approach towards Nano-size Crystals of Poly(acrylic acid): Polymerization Using Layered Double Hydroxides as Template (2004)

Abstract A new approach has been proposed and was shown to be a feasible method to produce nanosized polymer crystals of poly(acrylic acid). The new approach involves in situ polymerization of acrylic acid in the interlayers of a layered double hydroxides (LDHs) followed by exchange of the polymer anion for carbonate. The key is the use of LDHs as a template.
Blattella Germanica, Periplaneta Americana, and Monomorium Pharaonis: Control with Insecticidal Baits in an Animal Building and in Insectaries1 (1975)

A pellet bait containing 0.125% of Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno- 2H -cyclobuta[ cd ]pentalen-2-one) was evaluated against natural infestations of Blattella germanica (L.) and PeriPlaneta americana (L.) in an insectary that housed colonies of Musca domestica L. The reduction in numbers of both live B. germanica and P. americana was 99% at 4 wk posttreatment; however, the reduction in B. germanica did not exceed 99% during the 32-wk test period, whereas 100% reduction in P. americana was obtained within 12 wk. A paste bait containing 0.125% of Kepone was evaluated against a natural infestation of B. germanica in an experimental animal building. In this study, the reduction in live B. germanica was 99% at 4 wk posttreatment and 100% within 13 wk. Infestations of Monomorium pharaonis (L.) in insectaries were controlled within 2 wk with a paste bait containing 0.25% of mirex.
A mathematical model of human saccadic eye movement (1998)

A homeomorphic model of the eye movement plant is developed and used to simulate human saccadic eye movement. The Hill-based model incorporates nonlinear musculotendon dynamics. The effects of particular system parameters such as muscle mass and viscosity are investigated. The numerical simulations are realistic with respect to trajectories, velocities, and forces.
Parallel Complementary Strategies for Implementing Biological Principles into Mobile Robots (2003)

Our goal is to use intelligent biological inspiration to develop robots that capture the capacity of animals to traverse complex terrain. We follow two distinct but complementary strategies to meet this goal. In one, we have produced a series of robots that have mechanical and control designs increasingly more similar to those of a cockroach. The leg designs of these robots ensure that they can generate movements used by the cockroach to walk and climb over a range of objects. However, in order to take advantage of these complex designs, we must first solve difficult problems in actuation, proprioception and control. The second parallel strategy seeks to capture the principles of biological movement, but in an abstract form that does not require complex platforms. Following the second strategy, we designed and built two new robots that each use only one propulsion motor to generate a nominal tripod gait. Gait changes similar to those used by the animal are accomplished through passive mechanisms. Rearing movements in anticipation of climbing are accomplished by way of a body flexion joint, which also allows the robot to avoid high-centering. The parallel development of these robotic lines provides the best of both worlds. The multi-segmented leg designs will ultimately be more versatile and agile than the abstracted line, but will take more effort to perfect. The simplified line provides short-term solutions that can be deployed immediately and confirm, in principle, the value of biological properties for complex locomotion.
Effect of Brillouin scattering onoptical fibre communication using solitons (1994)

The limitation imposed by the Brillouin effect on both bright and dark solitons is examined. Bit rates in excess of 100 Gbit/s are allowed, although WDM or sliding filters must be used with bright solitons.
Interwell fluid mapping using multiscale data sets: An application of crosswell electromagnetics (EM) from Brazil (2009)

Crosswell resistivity interpretation combines the results of log processing for near-well parameterization and well-towell results for setting the general structure away from the wells. Data processing and interpretation required to image and understand interwell resistivity is significantly different than summing the two ends of the crosswell scale spectrum - log scale and surface scale. The results need to be robust on a reservoir scale. By integrating multiple data sets the non-uniqueness of the inversion result required to image the resistivity is reduced. Additional multi-scale data bring the possibility of translating the reservoir scale resistivity model to the reservoir engineering domain in order to calculate apparent water saturation and to enable fluid and seismofacies modeling. This paper presents a description of the method and the workflows. The benefit of employing apriori data to construct geologically reasonable starting models as well as the need for appropriate upscaling, gridding and model population is discussed. A case study illustrates the importance of the multi scale approach to deliver a geologically and geophysically representative model and demonstrates the impact of constraints on the final resolution.
WILUITE, Ca19(Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)13(B,Al, )5Si18O68(O,OH)10, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES ISOSTRUCTURAL WITH VESUVIANITE, FROM THE SAKHA REPUBLIC, RUSSIAN FEDERATION: REPLY (2000)

[Galuskin & Galuskina (2000)][1] seem unaware of the requirements for defining and naming a new mineral species. These requirements are set out in detail by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association, and were adhered to exactly by [Groat et al. (
Controlling the XUV transparency using two pathway quantum interference (2012)

High harmonic generation is a unique source of ultrashort-pulse ionizing radiation, ideal for initiating and probing fast dynamics in atoms, molecules and materials, including understanding dissociative processes relevant to radiation physics and chemistry [1-3]. We show, for the first time, how to tailor the combined attosecond ionizing field and femtosecond laser field to fully suppress ionization of He through destructive interference of two multiphoton/multicolor ionization channels. This work demonstrates a new approach for coherent control in a regime of highly-excited states and strong optical fields.
A proactive multi-level cache selection scheme to enhance consumer mobility support in Named Data Networking (2017)

Resending Interest packets to support consumer mobility in Named Data Networking usually leads to latency, which can severely affect the performance of applications with strict latency requirements. We propose a proactive multi-level cache selection scheme to enhance the consumer mobility support in Named Data Networking. This scheme focuses on a handover situation, wherein the consumer disconnects from a network or moves to another access router before receiving the requested content. The proactive multi-level cache selection is designed to prefetch contents into a subset of the neighboring routers, to achieve a trade-off between the latency and cache cost. In particular, this approach is feasible for a two-level router structure and scalable to a multi-level structure. The results obtained from simulation show that compared with equivalent schemes such as the original no-prefetch scheme in the Named Data Networking and the all-prefetch scheme, proactive multi-level cache selection for a two-level router structure can provide a better handover performance to some extent; the user experience is improved and the negative impacts of consumer mobility are alleviated.
A pulsed EPR spectrometer (1974)

A pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer is described, and applications of the instrument to the determination of longitudinal relaxation times of dilute solutions of free radicals and of spin-labeled proteins using the saturation-recovery method are discussed. The spectrometer employs a bimodal cavity; the pumping and observing microwave powers are coherent; and all modulating frequencies, delays, and aperture widths are derived from a master clock. Free-induction-decay signals may be observed in such equipment, and special techniques are introduced to avoid interference of these signals with the saturation-recovery signals.
Image denoising based on wavelets and multifractals for singularity detection (2005)

This paper presents a very efficient algorithm for image denoising based on wavelets and multifractals for singularity detection. A challenge of image denoising is how to preserve the edges of an image when reducing noise. By modeling the intensity surface of a noisy image as statistically self-similar multifractal processes and taking advantage of the multiresolution analysis with wavelet transform to exploit the local statistical self-similarity at different scales, the pointwise singularity strength value characterizing the local singularity at each scale was calculated. By thresholding the singularity strength, wavelet coefficients at each scale were classified into two categories: the edge-related and regular wavelet coefficients and the irregular coefficients. The irregular coefficients were denoised using an approximate minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimation method, while the edge-related and regular wavelet coefficients were smoothed using the fuzzy weighted mean (FWM) filter aiming at preserving the edges and details when reducing noise. Furthermore, to make the FWM-based filtering more efficient for noise reduction at the lowest decomposition level, the MMSE-based filtering was performed as the first pass of denoising followed by performing the FWM-based filtering. Experimental results demonstrated that this algorithm could achieve both good visual quality and high PSNR for the denoised images.