gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picometer differential wavefront metrology by nonlinear Zernike wavefront sensing for LUVOIR (2018)

We propose the Nonlinear Zernike wavefront sensor (NLZWFS) for out-of-band differential wavefront sensing to augment primary mirror stability on LUVOIR and similar mission concepts during exoplanet coronagraphy. This new data analysis paradigm involving a full polychromatic scalar physical optics model for the phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor removes the linearity assumptions which would otherwise prevent accurate sensing. We show Monte-Carlo simulations of NLZWFS and focus-diverse phase retrieval to understand the exposure times necessary to achieve picometer-level stability in the telescope wavefront.
Controversies: Carcinoma of the tonsil (1993)

Although the experts acknowledge that there is no conclusive evidence linking secondhand smoke to head and neck cancer, a recent report by the Environmental Protection Agency classifies secondhand smoke as a group A carcinogen. There is strong evidence linking it to carcinoma of the lung. Whereas you may not be able to tell your patient that the same cause and effect is present for head and neck cancer, it is the editor's belief that this will one day be proven. Three experts agreed to treat this patient with surgery followed by full-course radiotherapy, although the surgical approaches differed. They included a marginal mandibulectomy, radical neck dissection, and plating of the remaining mandible (Dr. Strome) and a composite resection (Drs. Ward and Johnson). For reconstruction, options included a modified FAMM flap or a split-thickness skin graft (Dr. Strome), tongue flap or pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (Dr. Ward), or a split-thickness skin graft (Dr. Johnson). One consultant suggested resecting the neck mass and treating the primary tumor and neck with radiotherapy. A dental consultation is in order prior to radiotherapy (Dr. Goepfert). With regard to this woman's mental status, all the experts called for counseling. The husband should be included in the discussions (Dr. Strome and Ward) and consideration should be given to the Women's Right Advocacy Group (Dr. Johnson).
Photostripping of Rotor Blades a Non-Hazardous Zero VOC Process (2006)

Abstract An environment-friendly method, Photostrip, for stripping organic coatings has been developed. This process works in conjunction with UV/IR light and an environmentally benign aqueous stripping medium that facilitates the debonding and peel-off of the coating from the coating/substrate interface. Generally, the stripped coating is obtained in a solid, compact mass. Further, the liquid effluent from the process is largely water, thus poses no disposal problems. This photochemical process has been tested on a variety of coatings including polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic, and lacquer formulations. It strips these coatings from many types of metallic, non-metallic, or composite surfaces with equal felicity. The process can be designed and configured to varying degrees of automation, and once the operational parameters are set, it can be left unattended. A prototype, automated booth has been operational in our laboratory to strip paint from components such as radomes, parts of fuselage, and pieces of rotor blades.
Grain‐Boundary Effect in Ceria Doped with Trivalent Cations: I, Electrical Measurements (1986)

The “grain‐boundary effect,” which leads to a greatly reduced dc ionic conductivity due to the presence of a blocking layer in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, is studied in detail for ceria ceramics doped with various trivalent dopants (particularly Y 3+ , Gd 3+ , and La 3+ ). The effects of porosity, of sintering time, and of dopant size and dopant concentration are investigated. Finally, it is shown that the grain‐boundary effect virtually disappears when nearly silicon‐free starting materials are used.
Using Joint Sparsity for Blind Separation of Noisy Multichannel Signals (2008)

We call a set of vectors z[k] ∈ Rm jointly sparse, when for the most of them all m components are simultaneously [close to] zero. When recovering this set from [indirect] noisy observations using variational approach, joint sparsity prior can be expressed via convex penalty term ∑ k ‖z[k]‖2. In this work we explore joint sparsity in the context of blind source separation problem X = AS + ξ, where mixing matrix A is and sources S are unknown. We suppose S to have sparse representation coefficients C in some given signal frame (dictionary) Φ: S = CΦ. In this case, the mixtures ’ coefficients AC are jointly sparse, therefore we can recover them robustly without knowledge of mixing matrix A, just using joint sparsity prior and solving a convex optimization problem. Another use of joint sparsity comes when the sources themselves are not scalars, but vectors (for example, color images: three RGB color layers usually have spatial similarities, therefore their [wavelet-type] representations are jointly sparse.) Our simulations show efficiency of the presented approach. I. INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS WORK In blind source separation problem an N-channel sensor signal x(t) arises from M unknown scalar source signals si(t), linearly mixed together by un unknown N × M mixing matrix A and possibly corrupted by additive noise
Structural studies of algal lectins with anti-HIV activity. (2006)

A number of antiviral lectins, small proteins that bind carbohydrates found on viral envelopes, are currently in pre-clinical trials as potential drugs for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses, such as the Ebola virus and the coronavirus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Lectins of algal origin whose antiviral properties make them candidate agents for prevention of viral transmission through topical applications include cyanovirin-N, Microcystis viridis lectin, scytovirin, and griffithsin. Although all these proteins exhibit significant antiviral activity, their structures are unrelated and their mode of binding of carbohydrates differs significantly. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the structures of algal lectins, their mode of binding of carbohydrates, and their potential medical applications.
Assembly of newly synthesized proteoglycan and link protein into aggregates in cultures of chondrosarcoma chondrocytes. (1980)

The synthesis and subsequent assembly of proteoglycan monomer and link protein into aggregates were examined using cultured chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. Proteoglycans purified directly from culture medium after a 6-h label with [14C]serine contained up to 80% of the radioactivity in aggregates, 8% of which was in link protein. The addition of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides (averaging 50 monosaccharides) to the culture medium during labeling inhibited aggregate formation by 94%. More than 90% of the labeled link molecules (about 7% of the total radioactivity in the proteoglycan fraction) was associated in ternary complexes with monomeric proteoglycan and HA approximately 50. The stoichiometry of labeled link protein to labeled proteoglycan core protein aggregated with either macromolecular hyaluronic acid or hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides was calculated to be 1:1. The effect of exogenous proteoglycan on aggregate formation was examined by incubating cultures for 4 h with up to 5 mg of exogenous monomer. Over this time, about 85 micrograms of newly synthesized proteoglycan accumulated in the culture medium. With increasing amounts of exogenous monomer, up to 80 micrograms of 35S-labeled exogenous monomer was incorporated into link-stabilized aggregate, while the aggregation of endogenous proteoglycan decreased from 73 to 44%. The total endogenous plus exogenous monomer in link-stabilized aggregate increased to about 130 micrograms, approximately 1 1/2 times the total amount of endogenous monomer in the culture medium, indicating that at least 1 1/2 times more link molecules than endogenous proteoglycan molecules were present. Further, the molar ratio of labeled link to labeled monomer molecules associated with the nonaggregated proteoglycan fraction remained constant at approximately 1:1, indicating that the exogenous proteoglycans were ineffective in displacing link molecules from endogenous monomer.link complexes. The data suggest that the formation of proteoglycan aggregates may be a sequential process in which a link.monomer complex forms and this complex subsequently binds to hyaluronic acid.
Disruption of Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis at Weaning of Holtzman Rats by Lactational but Not In Utero Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (2005)

The purpose of this study is to clarify whether lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is entirely responsible for the perturbation in thyroid hormone homeostasis during the neonatal period. Pregnant Holtzman rats were given a single oral dose of 1.0 mug TCDD/kg body weight on gestational day 15. Half of the litters were cross-fostered with the half of the dams treated with vehicle on postnatal day (PND) 1 to make four groups of rats, control (C/C), prenatal TCDD exposure only (T/C), postnatal TCDD exposure only (C/T), and both prenatal and postnatal TCDD exposure (T/T). On PND 21, the C/T and T/T groups, but not the T/C and C/C groups, showed a significant decrease in serum total thyroxin (TT4) and free thyroxin (FT4) concentrations in both sexes and a significant increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, particularly male pups. These two groups of male and female pups had significantly higher concentrations of TCDD in the liver, with marked induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA and intense immunostaining of CYP1A1 in the liver. UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6 (UGT1A6) and UGT1A7 mRNAs were induced in their livers, with marked immunostaining of UGT1A6. The transfer of TCDD from dams to the pups was confirmed by the detection of TCDD in mother's milk remaining in the stomachs of lactationally exposed pups on PND 1. The present results demonstrate that lactational, but not in utero, exposure to TCDD was responsible for the disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis.
Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Pulmonary Function in a 24-Year Longitudinal Study (1995)

This paper proposes the use of two-factor models (age-period and age-cohort models) to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on pulmonary function by using the data collected in a 24-year longitudinal study in the Netherlands from 1965 to 1990. The analysis included 18,363 pulmonary function measurements on 6,148 subjects aged 20-54 years at the initial visit. The subjects were grouped into four birth cohorts (before 1923, 1923-1934, 1935-1946, and after 1946) and four survey periods (1965-1972, 1973-1978, 1979-1984, and 1985-1990). In the age-cohort model, the decrement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) associated with a yearly increase in age was 28.3 +/- 3.7 ml/year for a man 176 cm tall and 16.0 +/- 1.9 ml/year for a woman 163 cm tall. The estimated acceleration of decline with aging was significant for both men (beta = -0.212; standard error = 0.079 ml) and women (beta = -0.346; standard error = 0.058 ml). Compared with that of the cohort born before 1923, the average level of FEV1 was estimated to increase by 156, 277, and 379 ml, respectively, for the three younger cohorts in men (p = 0.01) and by 133, 213, and 328 ml for the three younger cohorts in women (p < 0.01). In the age-period model, the estimated linear age effect on FEV1 was 36.2 +/- 4.2 ml/year for a man and 30.5 +/- 2.3 ml/year for a woman. The age quadratic term was significant for women, but not for men. Average FEV1 was estimated to be increased by 141, 169, and 250 ml, respectively, for the periods 1973-1978, 1979-1984, and 1985-1990 in men and by 131, 138, and 219 ml in women. These period effects were significant for both men and women. In summary, this study applied the two-factor models to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of aging on FEV1 and demonstrated significant period and cohort effects, which could be attributed in part to changes in air pollutants, respiratory infections, vaccinations, types of cigarettes, diet, and lifestyles over time.
The Effect of X-Radiation and Passive Antibody on Immunologic Tolerance in the Rabbit to Bovine Serum Albumin (1964)

Summary Whole body x-radiation as employed in the above studies did not result in the termination of immunologic tolerance to BSA induced in rabbits by neonatal injection of BSA. The doses of x-radiation which were administered were 450 r and 1000 r. Passive anti-BSA and a combination of passive anti-BSA and x-radiation also had no effect on the BSA tolerant state. The relation of these results to both a theory of antibody production and the mechanisms involved in immunologic tolerance is discussed.
Beach erosion: Causes, processes, and remedial measures (1976)

(1976). Beach erosion: Causes, processes, and remedial measures. C R C Critical Reviews in Environmental Control: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 259-296.
RF Power Amplifiers for Emerging Wireless Communications: Single Branch Vs. Multi-Branch Architectures (2006)

This paper proposes an experimental study of the architectures of the high power amplification stage and their influences on the system's linearity and power efficiency with application to wireless communication infrastructures. Two architectures are investigated: the single branch power amplification stage using class A/B power amplifiers and the promising multi-branch architecture using dynamic load modulation techniques such as the Doherty amplifier. Two LDMOS based high power amplifiers line-ups operating around 2.14 GHz were designed. In order to improve their efficiency vs. linearity trade-off, a predistortion based linearization technique has been applied to the both studied amplification stages. Measurement results under multi-carriers W-CDMA signals confirm the promising potential of the multi-branch approach. Indeed, the multi-branch architecture greatly improves the power efficiency of the amplification stage while maintaining good linearity performances
Cementless Acetabular Revision (1999)

This study reviews the clinical and radiographic results of 138 consecutive cementless acetabular revisions in 131 patients performed for aseptic loosening at a mean of 10.5 years followup. Kaplan-Meier survivorship of these components was 84% at 11.5 years. Two components (1.8%) in two patients were considered aseptically loose based on radiographic criteria; one patient was symptomatic but the component was not revised because of the patient's poor health, and the other patient was asymptomatic. Pelvic osteolysis was present in 19 hips (17%), appearing at a mean of 103 months. All but two of these were small lesions (< 2 cm) at the periphery of the components. Nevertheless, the incidence of osteolysis has increased with time, and continued followup is warranted. Separation or fragmentation of the fiber-metal porous pads was uncommon (8.3%), but was significantly associated with pelvic osteolysis; this finding has not been reported before with this component. Five patients underwent late revision surgery (after 100 months), one for deep infection, one for periprosthetic femur fracture, and three for late recurrent dislocation. Harris hip scores averaged 81 points (good) at final followup, which is unchanged from the authors' last report on this group. Acetabular revision with a fiber-metal hemispherical component appears durable at a mean followup of more than 10 years.
LOCALIZATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN PRENEOPLASTIC AND CANCEROUS CELLS OF THE MOUSE SKIN INDUCED BY METHYLCHOLANTHRENE (1968)

The localization of membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity has been studied by both light and electron microscopy in the normal epidermis and in methylcholanthreneinduced preneoplastic alterations, i.e., hyperplasia, papilloma and also in similarly induced cancers of the skin of mice. In normal epidermis, the adenosine triphosphatase activity was seen to be located in contact with all of the cell membranes facing the intercellular spaces. In preneoplastic alterations, the enzyme activity was found along the cell membranes of the basal and suprabasal cells of the epithelial pegs and numerous dense deposits of lead phosphate could be seen on the surfaces of the cytoplasmic processes and in the enlarged intercellular spaces. The intensity of the reaction in preneoplastic conditions was greater than in the normal epidermis. No adenosine triphosphatase activity was observed in the cell membranes facing the basement membrane or in the desmosomes. In carcinoma a less intensive adenosine triphosphatase reaction was present and could be recognized on the surface of only few tumor cells.
Preventable Death Evaluation of the Appropriateness of the On-Site Trauma Care Provided by Urgences-Sante Physicians (1995)

The study is based on 44 preventable deaths occurring in a cohort of 360 patients with major trauma. These cases were reviewed by a committee of nine experts. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 28, and most cases had injuries to the head/neck (68%) and chest (64%). The mean (+/- SD) observed prehospital times, and those considered the maximum allowable by the committee, were 40.6 +/- 12.0 minutes for head/neck injuries and 23.9 +/- 12.2 minutes for chest injuries (p < 0.05). Intravenous (i.v.) lines were started in 38 (86%) of the patients. The committee classified this procedure as harmful for 16 (42%) and neutral for 19 (50%). Among the 18 (46%) that were intubated, this intervention was considered harmful for 17% and neutral for 39%. In two of the three patients for whom a pneumatic antishock garment was applied, this procedure was considered harmful. Of the 34 patients that required direct transport at a level I trauma center, 50% were transferred to such a hospital. These results show significant prehospital delays and high rates of inappropriate IV line initiation and intubation in trauma patients receiving on-site care by physicians. We conclude that prehospital care protocols for trauma patients should emphasize prompt transport and specific on-site care algorithms.
Mobility emulator for DTN and MANET applications (2009)

Repeatable experiments to study the performance or behavior of wireless mobile adhoc network (MANET) systems such as a delay (or disruption) tolerant network (DTN) are challenging tasks. One approach to do this is to build a realistic mobile testbed, on which the mobile devices and test applications or network protocols can be deployed. This testbed approach, however, often results in expensive management and setup costs. Therefore, most of algorithms and applications considering device mobility as a critical parameter have been tested using trace-based analysis and computer simulations. However, these evaluation methods are not sufficient to reflect various natures of mobile wireless networks. This paper presents the design and implementation of an On/Off-based mobility emulation method, which virtually migrates applications over a static-grid testbed to mimic the device mobility. This emulation method assists DTN and MANET developers to evaluate their work in repeatable ways on the lab-scale static-grid testbed. Through extensive experimental analysis and a case study using two different testbeds, we show that the proposed emulation method can successfully recreate important characteristics of mobility trace data, such as contact and inter-contact time distributions.
Improved Mappings for Streamline-Based Simulation (2004)

Abstract Our interest lies in extending the streamline method compositional simulation. In this paper we develop improved mappings to and from streamlines that are necessary to obtain reliable predictions of gas injection processes. Our improved mapping to streamlines utilizes a piecewise linear representation of saturations on the background grid in order to minimize numerical smearing. Our strategy for mapping saturations from streamlines to the background grid is based on Kriging. We test our improvements to the streamline method using a simple model for miscible flooding based on incompressible, Darcy flow. Results indicate that our mappings offer improved resolution and reduce mass balance errors relative to the standard mappings. Our mappings also require fewer streamlines to achieve a desired level of accuracy. In compositional cases where the computational cost of a streamline solve is high, we anticipate that this will lead to significant improvement in the efficiency of streamline-based simulation.
Low toxicity imidazolium & pyridinium ionic liquids: synthesis, antimicrobial toxicity, biodegradation studies and applications in tsuji-trost reactions (2012)

A series of seventy achiral and chiral ionic liquids was designed, synthesized and characterized. Out of these seventy ILs, fifteen are achiral, twenty one lactic acid based and rest are mandelic acid based ILs. All compounds were characterized by a number of techniques including: 1H, 13C, 19F NMR, IR, MS and specific rotation. 
Antimicrobial and antifungal toxicity studies were carried out using the representative examples chosen from these ILs. Lactic and mandelic acid based ILs and ester based achiral ILs were found to be non toxic towards eight strains of bacteria and twelve strains of fungi. Antifungal toxicity was performed on two monoester and two diester CILs. Twenty one ILs were screened for biodegradation studies out of which the ILs with diester functionality were found to be readily biodegradable. 
Six achiral ester and amide based ILs were chosen to employ in Tsuji-Trost reactions as reaction media. Reactions were performed using two methods consisting use of two different bases. Chiral catalysts (S,S)-iPr-phosferrox, mandyphos and R-BINAP were used for chiral induction. Excellent enantioselectivities with moderate yields were obtained in these reactions.
A Robust Protocol for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines and 5H-Benzo[e][1,4]diazepines via the Acidless Ugi Reaction (2014)

Concise two-step, one-pot protocols for the syntheses of quinoxalines and 5<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,4]diazepines are reported. An ‘acidless’ Ugi reaction followed by a Boc-deprotection–cyclization sequence is shown to produce arrays of both functionalized scaffolds in good yield. Mono-<i>N</i>-Boc-protected diamines are employed to access quinoxalines and an analogous benzylic amine affords access to 5<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,4]diazepines in conjunction with supporting reagents in the ‘acidless’ Ugi reaction. Both methodologies are robust, straightforward, and allow installation of at least three points of diversity in the resulting scaffolds.
Soldering Tested in Reduced Gravity (2005)

Whether used occasionally for contingency repair or routinely in nominal repair operations, soldering will become increasingly important to the success of future long-duration human space missions. As a result, it will be critical to have a thorough understanding of the service characteristics of solder joints produced in reduced-gravity environments. The National Center for Space Exploration Research (via the Research for Design program), the NASA Glenn Research Center, and the NASA Johnson Space Center are conducting an experimental program to explore the influence of reduced gravity environments on the soldering process. Solder joint characteristics that are being considered include solder fillet geometry, porosity, and microstructural features. Both through-hole (see the drawing and image on the preceding figure) and surface-mounted devices are being investigated. This effort (the low-gravity portion being conducted on NASA s KC-135 research aircraft) uses the soldering hardware currently available on the International Space Station. The experiment involves manual soldering by a contingent of test operators, including both highly skilled technicians and less skilled individuals to provide a skill mix that might be encountered in space mission crews. The experiment uses both flux-cored solder and solid-core solder with an externally applied flux. Other experimental parameters include the type of flux, gravitational level (nominally zero,