gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volume Reduction of Organic Alpha Waste by Pyrohydrolysis (1980)

For volume reduction of organic alpha waste and plutonium recovery, a pyrohydrolytic process has been developed in laboratory scale up to 4.16 × 10-4. kg waste/s (1.5 kg/h). In this process the organic compounds are reacted with steam in the temperature range of from 873 to 1123 K. This new process shows some remarkable benefits—good control of the temperature by its endothermic course and therefore easy plutonium recovery from the ashes; low quantities of secondary waste and high decontamination factors resulting from low gas velocities; the ability to complete the process using metal-made equipment. The technical design of a pilot plant with a throughput of from 6.94 × 10-3 to 1.38 × 10-2 kg waste/s (25 to 50 kg/h) is available.
Investigation of AlInN barrier ISFET structures with GaN capping for pH detection (2012)

In the last decade the interest in nitride-based sensors (gas, ions...) and bio-sensors is increased. In the case of ion sensitive FET (ISFET), gate voltages induced by ions adsorbed onto the gate region modulate the source-drain currents.
Ionic interactions in solution. I. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic interactions in solution. I. Nuclear magnetic resonance studiesRonald Paul Taylor and Irwin D. Kuntz Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 16, 4813–4823Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00719a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00719a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wave Propagation In Inhomogeneous Media Containing Randomly Oriented Nonspherical Scatterers (1988)

When waves propagate in a medium containing a random distribution of randomly oriented nonspherical scatterers, the attenuation and the dispersion are independent of the direction of propagation due to the fact that the scattering medium is macroscopically or on the average isotropic. But, in many cases, the non-spherical particles are aligned, rendering the random medium effectively anisotropic. Previous approaches to the problem, depending on the concentration of scatterers, used either single scattering theory (an extension of Mie theory for a single scatterer) or multiple scattering theory by assuming spherical statistics for describing the spatial distribution of even nonspherical scatterers. Approximating the spatial distribution of aligned nonspherical scatterers using spherical statics will yield very different results which has been, recently, shown by the authors. In this paper, we wish to discuss the isotropic properties of randomly oriented nonspherical scatterers with a considerable concentration. In collaboration with Professor William A. Steele of Chemistry Department at Penn State, we have generated by Monte Carlo simulation the pair correlation function for randomly oriented spheroidal particles as a function of the their separation distance and the relative azimuthal and polar angles. The randomly oriented case is more complicated than that for the aligned one. The pair correlation function is then incorporated into the multiple scattering calculations and compared with those using spherical statistics. Numerical results are presented for the attenuation of electromagnetic waves versus freqency and concentration.
Loss characterization of Mo-doped FeNi flake for DC-to-DC converter and MHz frequency applications (2012)

Magnetic core materials with low loss, high magnetic induction, large permeability, and high working frequencies above 1 MHz are in high demand in the next generation of miniaturized power electronic devices. Magnetic flake based composite materials have been developed to take advantage of high operating frequency ranges, low eddy current losses, high magnetic induction, and low cost fabrication methods. In this study, Mo-doped FeNi flakes with thicknesses of 0.4 ± 0.2 μm to 1.6 ± 0.5 μm have been successfully fabricated with high energy ball milling. The lateral size of the flake is around 100 μm. After being hot-pressed with polymers, all of the samples show initial permeability higher than 40 in the frequency range up to 10 MHz and a loss tangent lower than 0.1. At high excitations, the composite materials show core losses 5 times lower than that of Fe flakes at 800 kHz.
Cortical CSF volume fluctuations by MRI in brain aging, dementia and hydrocephalus (1994)

Dynamic MR imaging has revealed dramatic fluctuations in the appearance of CSF in the cortical sulci and cortical subarachnoid spaces in aging individuals and patients with hydrocephalus, dementia and Down syndrome in contrast to young healthy volunteers. The changes have been interpreted as volume fluctuations that represent undamped CSF hydrodynamics and have implications with respect to the origin of CSF in the cortical regions and with respect to the similarity between aging and dementia and edematous states of the brain.
Who's Helping Whom?: Learner/Heritage-Speakers' Networked Discussions in Spanish (2003)

Journal Article Who's Helping Whom?: Learner/Heritage‐Speakers' Networked Discussions in Spanish Get access Robert J. Blake, Robert J. Blake Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eve C. Zyzik Eve C. Zyzik Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Applied Linguistics, Volume 24, Issue 4, December 2003, Pages 519–544, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.4.519 Published: 01 December 2003
Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer With Liposomal Photosensitizers (2018)

The photodynamic reaction involves the light-induced generation of an excited state in a photosensitizer molecule (PS), which then results in the formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of oxygen, or a direct modification of a cellular molecule. Most PSs are porphyrinoids, which are highly lipophilic, and are administered usually in liposomes to facilitate their effective delivery to target cells. The currently available liposomal formulations are Visudyne<sup>®</sup> and Fospeg<sup>®</sup>. Novel PSs were developed and tested for their photodynamic activity against cancer cells. Several compounds were highly phototoxic to oral cancer cells both in free and liposome-encapsulated form, with nanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values. The lowest IC<sub>50</sub>s (7-13 nM) were obtained with a PS encapsulated in cationic liposomes.
Preparation of Silver Halide Crystals of High Purity (1957)

For the investigation of silver halides, crystals of very high purity are required. Methods for preparing such crystals are described. They include the procedures used for the preparation of the dry precipitates, for crystal growing in controlled atmospheres, and for the preparation of specimens for the study of optical, electrical, and photochemical properties. The crystals are optically clear and have a sharp absorption edge with no detectable impurity absorption, even in samples several centimeters thick. For the silver chloride crystals, the ionic conductance was found to show the familiar break point at an unusually low temperature, and the interior of the crystal shows extremely little darkening even upon very strong exposure. For spectrochemical determination of the purity of the crystals, a concentration series of internal standards were prepared for seventeen elements. For the more important impurities, the molar concentration does not exceed 10−7.
Ruthenium Complex‐Catalysed Heck Reactions of Areneboronic Acids; Mechanism, Synthesis and Halide Tolerance (2005)

Abstract Ruthenium‐arene complexes can act as efficient catalysts for the coupling of areneboronic acids with electrophilic alkenes. The chemoselectivity is completely different from palladium coupling, with full tolerance for halogen in the arene. NMR and ES‐MS studies have been carried out to elucidate the reaction pathway
Action spectra for photogravitropism of Phycomyces wild type and three behavioral mutants (L150, L152, and L154). (1990)

We have measured fluence rate-response curves and action spectra for photogravitropism in Phycomyces wild type and in three recently isolated mutants with elevated phototropic thresholds. The action spectra were determined from least-squares fits of a sigmoidal function to the fluence rate-response data for each wavelength. The action spectrum for wild type has maxima near 383, 413, 452, and 490 nm and minima near 397, 425, and 469 nm. This photogravitropism action spectrum is very similar to the Phycomyces phototropic balance action spectrum between 413 but has significantly higher effectiveness below 400 nm and above 490 nm. These differences may be caused by dichroic effects of the oriented receptor pigment and/or by multiple receptor pigments. The action spectra of the three mutants differ significantly from one another and from that of wild type. Relative to the wild type spectrum, all three mutants exhibit a suppression in effectiveness near 425 nm, which is near the transmission peak of the broadband blue filter used to isolate the mutants.
Effect of Pass Number, Rotational and Traverse Speed on Particle Distribution and Microstructure of AZ31/SiC Composite Produced by Friction Stir Processing (2015)

In this paper, Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is used to produce a homogenous AZ31/SiC Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). The product could be used in industries such as aerospace, which needs materials with a high strength to weight ratio. AZ31B magnesium alloy plates and about 5 vol % SiC powder are selected as matrix and reinforcement particles, respectively. The effect of the number of FSP passes, the rotational and traverse speed on the particle distribution and the matrix microstructure of MMC are investigated. Optical microscopy is used to observe both particle distribution and matrix microstructure. The results show that a perfect particle distribution with no defect can be achieved at very low rotational and transverse speeds which are 300 rpm and 15mm/min. Moreover, the number of passes significantly improves the particle distribution. The mean grain size decreases from 9.5 μm to 1.95μm for a 4-pass MMC.
Laminar Flame Speed Experiments of Alternative Liquid Fuels (2019)

Abstract New laminar flame speed experiments have been collected for multiple alternative liquid fuels. Understanding the combustion characteristics of these synthetic fuels is an important step in developing new chemical kinetics mechanisms that can be applied to real fuels. Included in this study are two synthetic Jet fuels: Syntroleum S-8 and Shell GTL. The precise composition of these fuels is known to change from sample to sample. Since these are low vapor pressure fuels, there are additional uncertainties in their introduction into gas-phase mixtures, leading to uncertainty in the mixture equivalence ratio. An in-situ laser absorption technique was implemented to verify the procedure for filling the vessel and to minimize and quantify the uncertainty in the experimental equivalence ratio. The diagnostic utilized a 3.39-μm HeNe laser in conjunction with Beer’s Law. The resulting spherically expanding flame experiments were conducted over a range of equivalence ratios from φ = 0.7 to φ = 1.5 at initial conditions of 1 atm and 403 K in the high-temperature, high-pressure constant-volume vessel at Texas A&M University. The experimental results show that both fuels have similar flame speeds with a peak value just under 60 cm/s. However, it is shown that when comparing the results from different data sets for these real fuels, equivalence ratio is not necessarily the best parameter to use. Fuel mole fraction may be a better parameter to use as it is independent of the average fuel molecule or fuel surrogate used to calculate equivalence ratio in these real fuel/air mixtures.
Focal brain scan abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. (1974)

Serial brain imaging in a patient with multiple sclerosis showed several definite but evanescent areas of abnormal accumulation of /sup 99m/Tc- pertechnetate. (auth)
Disk substrate deposition techniques for monodisperse chemically synthesized FePt nanoparticle media (2003)

Self-assembled FePt nanoparticles hold promise for future ultrahigh-density magnetic recording media because of their high anisotropy and capability to be formed into small and uniform grains. By using a special spin coater, we were able to form a dense array of FePt particles across the entire surface of a 2.5 in. disk substrate. Our method can control the number of layers of FePt nanoparticles. The media deposited with FePt nanoparticles by the spin coater was annealed in a vacuum. We measured read–write properties of the FePt nanoparticle media on a spin stand, and succeeded in detecting a signal of 290 kfci.
SH2B1 Enhances Insulin Sensitivity by Both Stimulating the Insulin Receptor and Inhibiting Tyrosine Dephosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins (2009)

SH2B1 is an endogenous insulin sensitizer. It directly binds to insulin receptors, IRS-1 and IRS-2, and enhances insulin sensitivity by promoting insulin receptor catalytic activity and by inhibiting tyrosine dephosphorylation of IRS proteins.
Snap-together motion (2008)

Many virtual environments and games must be populated with synthetic characters to create the desired experience. These characters must move with sufficient realism, so as not to destroy the visual quality of the experience, yet be responsive, controllable, and efficient to simulate. In this paper we present an approach to character motion called Snap-Together Motion that addresses the unique demands of virtual environments. Snap-Together Motion (STM) pre-processes a corpus of motion capture examples into a set of short clips that can be concatenated to make continuous streams of motion. The result process is a simple graph structure that facilitates efficient planning of character motions. A user-guided process selects "common" character poses and the system automatically synthesizes multi-way transitions that connect through these poses. In this manner well-connected graphs can be constructed to suit a particular application, allowing for practical interactive control without the effort of manually specifying all transitions.
c-myc Expression: Keep the Noise Down! (2005)

The c-myc proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear protein that is deregulated and/or mutated in most human cancers. Acting primarily as an activator and sometimes as a repressor, MYC protein controls the synthesis of up to 10-15% of genes. The key MYC targets contributing to oncogenesis are incompletely enumerated and it is not known whether pathology arises from the expression of physiologic targets at abnormal levels or from the pathologic response of new target genes that are not normally regulated by MYC. Regardless of which, available evidence indicates that the level of MYC expression is an important determinant of MYC biology. The c-myc promoter has architectural and functional features that contribute to uniform expression and help to prevent or mitigate conditions that might otherwise create noisy expression. Those features include the use of an expanded proximal promoter, the averaging of input from dozens of transcription factors, and real-time feedback using the supercoil-deformable Far UpStream Element (FUSE) as physical sensor of ongoing transcriptional activity, and the FUSE binding protein (FBP) as well as the FBP interacting repressor (FIR) as effectors to enforce normal transcription from the c-myc promoter.
From Sentiment Analysis to Preference Aggregation. (2014)

Current sentiment analysis techniques are good enough when predicting the opinion of a community of individuals over one item, but they may produce wrong or inaccurate results when several possibly correlated items are under consideration. We propose to exploit and adapt formalisms, methods, and tools from knowledge representation and voting theory to generalize sentiment analysis and obtain an accurate definition of collective sentiment about multiple items.
Transjugular Approach to Liver Biopsy and Transhepatic Cholangiography (1973)

The percutaneous transjugular approach to liver biopsy and cholangiography (of Hanafee and Weiner) eliminates the necessity for traversing the peritoneal cavity and puncturing the liver capsule. The liver parenchyma is entered through the wall of a hepatic vein by a needle inserted into a catheter introduced percutaneously via the internal jugular vein. This approach offers a safe means for liver biopsy and transhepatic cholangiography in the patient with a bleeding tendency, high-grade obstructive jaundice or ascites. Acute cholangitis is the principal contraindication of this approach. The transjugular approach was used in 61 patients. Both biopsy and cholangiography were done in 36 patients, liver biopsy alone in eight patients, and cholangiography alone in 17 patients. Diagnostic biopsy specimens were obtained in 39 patients (89 per cent). Cholangiography succeeded in 29 of 31 patients (93 per cent) with enlarged intrahepatic ducts. There were no major complications. (N Engl J Med 289:227–231, 1973)
The Effects of Interactivity on Learners’ Experience in a Visually Immersive Display Context (2022)

This research reports empirical evidence of the pedagogical benefits of using two interactive types of immersive spherical dome screens (large and small). Results are drawn from an experiment measuring the emotional, cognitive, perceptual/attitudinal states, and learning outcomes of 102 participants divided into control/experimental groups and group/individual pedagogical contexts. Specifically, this paper aimed to investigate the extent to which using interactivity in immersive technologies has positive learning outcomes and provide a positive learning experience. Building upon the INTERACT model, our results show that, in a smaller dome, the learner’s cognitive state, perception and attitudes play a mediating role regarding the impact of interactivity on learning outcomes. However, we did not observe a difference between the larger and smaller dome as for the learning outcomes. These results bring further insight into optimal educational practices in an immersive context and are relevant for pedagogical designers and immersive technologies manufacturers.
High-frequency transposition of IS1373, the insertion sequence delimiting the amplifiable element AUD2 of Streptomyces lividans (1997)

IS1373 is the putative insertion sequence delimiting the amplifiable unit AUD2 of Streptomyces lividans. Two IS1373-derived thiostrepton-resistant transposons, Tn5492 and Tn5494, transposed into multiple sites of the S. lividans chromosome at frequencies as high as 0.4 and 1%, respectively. Hence, IS1373 is a functional insertion sequence and its unique open reading frame, insA, encodes the transposase.
Role of histidine 64 in the catalytic mechanism of human carbonic anhydrase II studied with a site-specific mutant (1989)

To test the hypothesis that histidine 64 in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II functions as a proton-transfer group in the catalysis of CO2 hydration, we have studied a site-specific mutant having histidine 64 replaced by alanine, which cannot transfer protons. The steady-state kinetics of CO2 hydration has been measured as well as the exchange of 18O between CO2 and water at chemical equilibrium. The results show that the rate of exchange between CO2 and HCO3- at chemical equilibrium is essentially unaffected by the amino acid substitution at pH greater than 7.0 and slightly decreased in the mutant at pH less than 7.0 (by a factor of 2 at pH 6.0). However, in the absence of buffer the rate of release from the active site of water bearing substrate oxygen is smaller by as much as 20-fold for the mutant as compared to unmodified enzyme. Furthermore, in the unmodified enzyme water release is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of Cu2+ ions, but no such inhibition is observed with the alanine 64 variant. These results suggest that the mutation has specifically affected the rate of proton transfer between the active site and the reaction medium. This kinetic defect in the mutant can be overcome by increasing the concentration of certain buffers, such as imidazole and 1-methylimidazole, but not by others buffers, such as MOPS or HEPES. Similarly, the maximal rate of CO2 hydration at steady state catalyzed by the alanine 64 variant is very low in the presence of MOPS or TAPS buffers but considerably higher in the presence of imidazole derivatives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Probabilistic Search in P2P Networks (2008)

The overall performance of P2P-based file sharing applications is becoming increasingly important. Based on the Adaptive Resource-based Probabilistic Search algorithm (ARPS), which was previously proposed by the authors, a novel probabilistic search algorithm with QoS guarantees is proposed in this letter. The algorithm relies on generating functions to satisfy the user's constraints and to exploit the power-law distribution in the node degree. Simulation results demonstrate that it performs well under various P2P scenarios. The proposed algorithm provides guarantees on the search performance perceived by the user while minimizing the search cost. Furthermore, it allows different QoS levels, resulting in greater flexibility and scalability.
Discussion: “Deriaz Type Reversible Pump-Turbine Installation at Sir Adam Beck-Niagara Forebay Pumped Storage Project” (Aeberli, A. E., 1959, ASME J. Basic Eng., 81, pp. 505–515) (1959)

Almost 30 years ago, this discusser was dealing with the model tests and the construction of the Baldeney plant, mentioned by the author as the first main installation of this type.I would like to express the high interest evoked by this paper.Both manufacturer and user are to be congratulated on their courage and on the result of their work.In this connection some remarks are in order.While axial-type machines seem to be the right solution for low head, radial types are right for high head.It has been shown here that, for intermediate heads, a combination was used of the well-known diagonal-type pumps and high specific speed Francis runners.Combined with the use of fixed guide vane blades and movable runner blades, the Deriaz type may surely be the most appropriate solution for intermediate head plants such as the Sir Adam Beck project.
Slot-electrode optical modulator using KTiOPO_4 (1995)

A slot-electrode optical modulator is introduced and demonstrated with KTP at 532 nm. A switching voltage of 45 V, risetime of 3.5 ns, and power capability of more than 7 Ware measured. DC modulation without application of DC voltage is discussed. Further optimization can reduce the switching voltage to 18 V.