gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Magnetic resonance imaging at high magnetic fields</title> (1998)

MRI has made significant advances since its introduction over fifteen years ago. The technology has been driven by a combination of higher magnetic fields, more efficient pulse sequence design and technical advances in transducer technology associated with the capture of weak magnetic resonance signals. This paper explores those advances with particular emphasis on state of the art high field MRI systems and the latest radio frequency (RF) transducers or RF coils as they are commonly referred to. The design and construction of large bore magnets operating at high magnetic fields has been the special purview of a limited number of engineering companies while the design and construction of RF coils has been addressed by a wider range of physicist and engineers working at major universities as well as those engineers working within industry. Our work at the University of Florida has been mainly focused on developing these RF coils to address the unique problems presented by operating at high magnetic fields and frequencies.
Crystallization and Biochemical Characterisation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase Mutant (1994)

Conference Article| February 01 1994 Crystallization and Biochemical Characterisation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase Mutant BERNADETTE R. CORR; BERNADETTE R. CORR 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANDREW F. WILDERSPIN ANDREW F. WILDERSPIN 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (1): 55S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022055s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation BERNADETTE R. CORR, ANDREW F. WILDERSPIN; Crystallization and Biochemical Characterisation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase Mutant. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1994; 22 (1): 55S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022055s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The NESPOLE! multimodal interface for cross-lingual communication $experience and lessons learned (2003)

We describe the design, evolution, and development of the user interface components of the NESPOLE! speech-to-speech translation system. The NESPOLE! system was designed for users with medium-to-low levels of computer literacy and Web expertise. The user interface was designed to effectively combine Web browsing, real-time sharing of graphical information and multi-modal annotations using a shared whiteboard, and real-time multilingual speech communication, all within an e-commerce scenario. Data collected in sessions with naive users in several stages in the process of system development formed the basis for improving the effectiveness and usability of the system. We describe this development process, the resulting interface components and the lessons learned.
Myopes Show Greater Visually Induced Postural Responses Than Emmetropes (2016)

These results suggest that refractive error could be a factor in explaining individual variations of the role of vision in postural control.
Mechanism of supercritical fluid extraction of coal. (1991)

This paper describes the mechanism of supercritical toluene (or toluene–tetralin mixture) extraction of coal. The effects of solvent power and solvent residence time in the cell on conversion and liquid yield were examined by using a two-stage extraction method: extraction at various conditions followed by high-solvent power extraction. The effect of tetralin addition on supercritical toluene extraction was also investigated by this method. Furthermore, in situ ESR measurement was conducted to evaluate the variation of radical concentration during supercritical fluid extraction. From these detailed analyses the effects of the solvent power of supercritical fluid on the reactions during extraction, namely on decomposition and polymerization of the primary products from coal decomposition, and on stabilization of the radicals through hydrogen transfer reaction were evaluated.
Developmental regulation of galactoglycerolipid and galactosphingolipid sulphation during mammalian spermatogenesis. Evidence for a substrate-selective inhibitor of testicular sulphotransferase activity in the rat (1985)

The synthesis of sulphatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol (SGG) is a differentiation marker of mammalian spermatogenesis. Maximal sulphation is observed in rat testis at about 20 days after birth and rapidly declines to low levels as the testis matures. The present data show that this decline in SGG synthesis is due to the appearance of an inhibitor of galactolipid sulphation. The inhibitor is a soluble testicular factor which is first detected at about 25 days after birth. Testicular homogenate can sulphate exogenous galactosylacylalkylglycerol (GG), galactosylceramide (GC) and lactosylceramide (LC) in vitro. The testicular inhibitor is most effective in preventing GG sulphation and inhibits GC and LC sulphation to a lesser extent; this correlates with the finding that glycolipid sulphation shifts from SGG production in 20-day-old testis to GC and LC sulphation at later stages of testicular development. The effect of the inhibitor on sulphotransferase activity from brain and kidney was also determined. The inhibitor decreased the sulphation of GG in vitro by both testis and kidney, inhibited testicular sulphation of GC less effectively and had no effect on GC sulphation by kidney and brain homogenates. A 9500-fold purification of the inhibitory activity has been obtained in a fraction isolated by h.p.l.c.
International standardization of mouse-behavioral phenotyping platforms (2010)

The mouse is a good animal model that helps us to elucidate various human and other mammalian genetic systems. Several international programs are under way to introduce mutations into every gene in the mouse genome. However, the phenotypes exhibited by every mutant mouse generated in these programs should be determined to reach the goal of these programs. Large-scale phenotyping for genome-wide functional annotation needs efforts by scientists in the infrastructural, logistical, and informatics area. These include the use of standardized procedures for phenotyping and integrated databases with comparable datasets. In this paper, we shall discuss the trends in recent mouse-mutagenesis projects, descriptions of a large amount of phenotyping data from mutants, and descriptions of experimental procedures in an international unified database.
Phase-insensitive optical coherence angiography (2007)

A non-invasive, phase-insensitive optical coherence angiography method has been demonstrated for in vivo human
retinal imaging based on high-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a center wavelength of 840nm.
Three-dimensional view of the choroidal vasculature was obtained by segmenting choroidal vessels using threshold
values from the intensity distribution at each depth plane relative to the retinal pigment epithelium layer. A vascular
projection image was obtained by integrating the segmented choroidal vasculature.
Paternal isodisomy of chromosome 2 in a child with bile salt export pump deficiency (2012)

We describe a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) of type 2 inherited as uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 2. Bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency is a severe, genetically determined subtype PFIC caused by mutations in ABCB11, the gene encoding a bile salt transporter protein. Clinical and pathological diagnosis in PFIC2 is corroborated by an ample array of ABCB11 mutations, inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. We report clinical, pathological, and molecular studies in a child with PFIC2. A 5.5-year-old boy harbored a described pathogenic mutation (p.R832C) in ABCB11. The mutation was found to be homozygous in the patient and heterozygous in DNA from paternal, but not maternal blood. Having ruled out maternal gene deletion and somatic mosaicism, we showed that the child had inherited an isodisomic paternal chromosome 2, including the 2q31.1 region where ABCB11 is located. The present report is the first description of uniparental isodisomy in a hepatic heritable disorder. Recognizing isodisomic transmission may have a significant impact on genetic counseling helping to define the risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.
A xylose-inducible expression system and a CRISPRi-plasmid for targeted knock-down of gene expression in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (2018)

Abstract Here we introduce plasmids for xylose-regulated expression and repression of genes in Clostridioides difficile . The xylose-inducible expression vector allows for ~100-fold induction of an mCherryOpt reporter gene. Induction is titratable and uniform from cell-to-cell. The gene repression plasmid is a CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) system based on a nuclease-defective, codon-optimized allele of the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein ( dCas9 ) that is targeted to a gene of interest by a constitutively-expressed single guide RNA (sgRNA). Expression of dCas9 is induced by xylose, allowing investigators to control the timing and extent of gene-silencing, as demonstrated here by dose-dependent repression of a chromosomal gene for a red fluorescent protein (maximum repression ~100-fold). To validate the utility of CRISPRi for deciphering gene function in C. difficile , we knocked-down expression of three genes involved in biogenesis of the cell envelope: the cell division gene ftsZ , the S-layer protein gene slpA and the peptidoglycan synthase gene pbp-0712 . CRISPRi confirmed known or expected phenotypes associated with loss of FtsZ and SlpA, and revealed that the previously uncharacterized peptidoglycan synthase PBP-0712 is needed for proper elongation, cell division and protection against lysis. Importance Clostridioides difficile has become the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in developed countries. A better understanding of the basic biology of this devastating pathogen might lead to novel approaches for preventing or treating C. difficile infections. Here we introduce new plasmid vectors that allow for titratable induction (P xyl ) or knockdown (CRISPRi) of gene expression. The CRISPRi plasmid allows for easy depletion of target proteins in C. difficile . Besides bypassing the lengthy process of mutant construction, CRISPRi can be used to study the function of essential genes, which are particularly important targets for antibiotic development.
The Nav1.9 Channel Is a Key Determinant of Cold Pain Sensation and Cold Allodynia (2015)

Cold-triggered pain is essential to avoid prolonged exposure to harmfully low temperatures. However, the molecular basis of noxious cold sensing in mammals is still not completely understood. Here, we show that the voltage-gated Nav1.9 sodium channel is important for the perception of pain in response to noxious cold. Nav1.9 activity is upregulated in a subpopulation of damage-sensing sensory neurons responding to cooling, which allows the channel to amplify subthreshold depolarizations generated by the activation of cold transducers. Consequently, cold-triggered firing is impaired in Nav1.9(-/-) neurons, and Nav1.9 null mice and knockdown rats show increased cold pain thresholds. Disrupting Nav1.9 expression in rodents also alleviates cold pain hypersensitivity induced by the antineoplastic agent oxaliplatin. We conclude that Nav1.9 acts as a subthreshold amplifier in cold-sensitive nociceptive neurons and is required for the perception of cold pain under normal and pathological conditions.
ORTHOGONAL MACROELEMENT SCALING VECTORS AND WAVELETS IN 1-D (2003)

We develop a {\em macroelement} based technique for constructing orthogonal univariate multiwavelets. We illustrate the technique with two examples. In the first example we provide a new construction of the symmetric, orthogonal, continuous scaling vector given in \cite{GHM}. In the second example, we construct a continuous orthogonal scaling vector with three components. The components of this scaling vector are symmetric or antisymmetric and provide approximation order 3, (equivalently, the components of $\Psi$ are orthogonal to polynomials of degree 2 or less.) We believe this second example to be new.
Investigations of Electronic Structures and Photocatalytic Activities under Visible Light Irradiation of Lead Molybdate Replaced with Chromium(VI) (2007)

Abstract Chromium-replaced PbMoO4, PbMo1−xCrxO4, prepared by an aqueous reflux method, showed a photocatalytic activity for O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing an electron accepter, such as Ag+ or Fe3+ under visible light irradiation (vis) (λ ≥ 420 nm). PbMo0.98Cr0.02O4 (Energy gap: 2.26 eV) showed the highest activity for the O2 evolution under vis and UV + vis light irradiation. The activity of PbMo0.98Cr0.02O4 was one order of magnitude higher than that of PbMoO4 under UV + vis light irradiation. The crystal structures of PbMo1−xCrxO4 were studied by the Rietveld analysis for powder X-ray diffraction. PbMo1−xCrxO4 had a scheelite-type structure when x was equal to or smaller than 0.2. The energy band structures of PbMo1−xCrxO4 were calculated based on density functional theory using the structural parameters refined by the Rietveld analysis. It was revealed that the top of the valence band of PbMoO4 consisted of O2p and Pb6s orbitals and the accepter level was composed of a Cr3d orbital in the forbidden band below the conduction band consisting of a Mo4d orbital. It was concluded that the visible light response was due to the excitation from the Pb6s + O2p valence band to the Cr3d accepter level.
Comparison of 2- and 3-Dimensional Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells; a Pilot Study (2021)

This study compared the characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured using 3-dimensional (3D) versus conventional 2-dimensional (2D) methods. PDLSCs were cultured in either a 3D culture with a non-adhesive culture plate (Stemfit 3D®) or a conventional 2D culture using a 6-well plate. Morphology, viability, proliferation ability, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed to characterize the differences induced in identical PDLSCs by 3D and 2D culture environments. In addition, gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing to further characterize the functional differences. The diameter and the viability of the 3D-cultured PDLSCs decreased over time, but the shape of the spheroid was maintained for 20 days. Although osteogenic differentiation occurred in both the 2D- and 3D-cultured PDLSCs, compared to the control group it was 20.8 and 1.6 higher in the 3D- and 2D-cultured cells, respectively. RNA sequencing revealed that PDLSCs cultured using 2D and 3D methods have different gene expression profiles. The viability of the 3D-cultured cells was decreased, but they showed superior osteogenic differentiation compared to 2D-cultured cells. Within the limitations of this study, the results demonstrate that the structure and function of PDLSCs are influenced by the cell culture method.
Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). A survey in The Netherlands and Flanders. (1996)

We performed a survey on diagnosis and treatment of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSHI) and report the opinion of 230 Dutch and 50 Flemish ENT-surgeons. Questions concerned definition, incidence, diagnosis, therapy and possible etiology of ISSHL. Considerable disagreement exists on ISSHL. The incidence of ISSHL varied with the preciseness of its definition. We found shortcomings in diagnosis of ISSHL and recommend the use of a diagnostic protocol based on a differential diagnosis. Therapy of ISSHL often lacked scientific foundation and treatment results were comparable to the spontaneous recovery rate of ISSHL. We recommend treatment of ISSHL to take place in a carefully designed clinical trial.
Highly Efficient and Selective Catalytic <i>N</i>‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols in Water (2011)

Getting fresh with iridium: Water is the solvent of choice in the N-alkylation of amines with iridium catalysts. Numerous secondary and tertiary amines can be assembled with excellent yields and chemoselectivity.
Systemic Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy in Recurrent and Metastatic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2000)

Adoptive immunotherapy is a technically feasible and safe treatment with low toxicity and may demonstrate therapeutic activity in patients with unresectable SCCHN.
THE METABOLISM OF 2-C<sup>14</sup>-ADENINE IN THE RAT (1957)

The metabolism of 2-C 14 -adenine has been studied in the rat. Following intraperitoneal injection of the labelled material, isotope was found in the adenine and guanine of the visceral nucleic acids. Allantoin was the major radioactive metabolite excreted in the urine, and radioactive adenine and uric acid were also shown to be present. The finding of radioactivity in the urinary urea indicated a significant metabolic conversion of the 2-carbon of adenine to carbon dioxide. This result agreed with the finding of 8.5–9.4% of the injected radioactivity in the respiratory carbon dioxide. Possible mechanisms whereby carbon 2 of adenine may be metabolized to carbon dioxide are discussed.
Phoenix: making cooperation more efficient through network coding in wireless networks (2009)

This paper introduces a novel MAC protocol for wireless networks, called Phoenix, that employs ideas from network coding to enhance decode and forward cooperation. A relay is allowed to code data of its own together with a corrupted packet during a retransmission at no additional cost in bandwidth. Therefore, while in conventional cooperative protocols a node becomes a relay only to assist other terminals, with our proposal a cooperator can also serve its own traffic. We evaluate Phoenix's performance by means of a theoretical model and extensive simulation campaigns. We show that Phoenix is especially beneficial in multihop settings and interesting gains over benchmark protocols can be achieved.
Wavelet Transform Analysis of Several Transient or Nonstationary Phenomena in Engineering Mechanics (1992)

Several examples of the use of a wavelet transform in the analysis of transient events in mechanical systems are provided. The transform has the advantage over other transient analysis methods of providing good localization of short duration events in time. The method is also used to analyse the correspondence between computed and measured response of a tall structure during earthquake excitation.
Effect of tocopherols on the frying stability of regular and modified canola oils (2001)

Abstract A study was conducted to compare the relationship between frying stability and levels and degradation rates of tocopherols in regular and three modified canola oils. Oils were heated at 175 ± 2°C for a total of 72 h, with french fries fried intermittently. Frying stability was compared based on the rates of formation of free fatty acids (FFA) and total polar compounds (TPC). Significant differences ( P <0.05) were identified between oils using analysis of covariance and t ‐tests for multiple comparisons. No significant differences were observed in the rates of FFA formation among the canola oils during frying. Nevertheless, regular canola (RCO) and high‐oleic, low‐linolenic acid canola (HOLLCO) oils produced less FFA compared to higholeic LLCO and HOCO both had significantly ( P <0.05) faster rates of TPC formation compared to HOLLCO or RCO. HOLLCO with the highest level of tocopherols (893 mg/kg) exhibited a slow rate of degradation which accounted for a halflife of 48–60 h of frying. RCO, with a lower level of tocopherols (565 mg/kg), however, had the slowest degradation rate with a half‐liofe of >72 h. In contrast, HOCO and LLCO with 601 and 468 mg/kg tocopherols, respectively, both exhibited a half‐life for tocopherols of 3–6 h of frying. An inverse relatioship was observed between TPC formation and the reduction of tocopherol. Thus, the greater frying stability of RCO and HOLLCO appears to be affected far more by the rate of tocopherol degradation than by any changes in fatty acid composition.
<i>Trans</i> -Activator Gene of HTLV-II Induces IL-2 Receptor and IL-2 Cellular Gene Expression (1986)

The human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) have been etiologically linked with certain T-cell leukemias and lymphomas that characteristically display membrane receptors for interleukin-2. The relation of these viruses to this growth factor receptor has remained unexplained. It is demonstrated here that introduction of the trans-activator (tat) gene of HTLV-II into the Jurkat T-lymphoid cell line results in the induction of both interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-2 gene expression. The coexpression of these cellular genes may play a role in the altering T-cell growth following retroviral infection.
The Psychiatric Team and the Social Definition of Schizophrenia (1997)

The Psychiatric Team and the Social Definition of Schizophrenia. Rob Barrett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.337 pp.
Educating People to be Emotionally Intelligent, Reuven Bar-On, Kobus Maree and Maurice Elias : book review (2007)

It cannot be denied that there are a vast number of books and articles available on organisational behaviour. For the most part these publications employ a generic approach and unfortunately originate outside South Africa.
CNTF rescues motoneurons from ontogenetic cell death in-vivo, but not in-vitro (1990)

We studied the effect of CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor, human recombinant and chick) on the survival of motoneurons in the embryonic chick lumbar spinal cord during the period of ontogenetic cell death. Daily applications of 5 micrograms CNTF to the chorionic-allantoic membrane from embryonic day 6 (E6) to E9 maintained approximately 15,500 motoneurons as opposed to 13,200 in controls. In contrast, CNTF failed to promote the survival of cells in spinal cord cultures enriched for motoneurons. These results suggest that CNTF may regulate motoneuron survival in-vivo, but its mode of action remains to be elucidated.
Global cDNA Amplification Combined with Real-Time RT–PCR: Accurate Quantification of Multiple Human Potassium Channel Genes at the Single Cell Level (2000)

We have developed a sensitive quantitative RT-PCR procedure suitable for the analysis of small samples, including single cells, and have used it to measure levels of potassium channel mRNAs in a panel of human tissues and small numbers of cells grown in culture. The method involves an initial global amplification of cDNA derived from all added polyadenylated mRNA followed by quantitative RT-PCR of individual genes using specific primers. In order to facilitate rapid and accurate processing of samples, we have adapted the approach to allow use of TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR. We demonstrate that the approach represents a major improvement over existing conventional and real-time quantitative PCR approaches, since it can be applied to samples equivalent to a single cell, is able to accurately measure expression levels equivalent to less than 1/100th copy/cell (one specific cDNA molecule present amongst 10(8) total cDNA molecules). Furthermore, since the initial step involves a global amplification of all expressed genes, a permanent cDNA archive is generated from each sample, which can be regenerated indefinitely for further expression analysis.