gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling of non-polyadenylated RNA-seq across species (2014)

Transcriptomes are dynamic and unique, with each cell type/tissue, developmental stage and species expressing a different repertoire of RNA transcripts. Most mRNAs and well-characterized long noncoding RNAs are shaped with a 5' cap and 3' poly(A) tail, thus conventional transcriptome analyses typically start with the enrichment of poly(A)+ RNAs by oligo(dT) selection, followed by deep sequencing approaches. However, accumulated lines of evidence suggest that many RNA transcripts are processed by alternative mechanisms without 3' poly(A) tails and, therefore, fail to be enriched by oligo(dT) purification and are absent following deep sequencing analyses. We have described an enrichment strategy to purify non-polyadenylated (poly(A)-/ribo-) RNAs from human total RNAs by removal of both poly(A)+ RNA transcripts and ribosomal RNAs, which led to the identification of many novel RNA transcripts with non-canonical 3' ends in human. Here, we describe the application of non-polyadenylated RNA-sequencing in rhesus monkey and mouse cell lines/tissue, and further profile the transcription of non-polyadenylated RNAs across species, providing new resources for non-polyadenylated RNA identification and comparison across species.
Reactions of Polylysine with Human Platelets in Plasma and in Suspensions of Washed Platelets (1976)

The effects of polylysine on human platelets have been examined in citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and in suspensions of washed platelets in various media. In PRP, polylysine caused aggregation after a lag phase. Heparin inhibited this completely. At certain concentrations of polylysine, two phases of aggregation occurred, the second being associated with release of 14C-serotonin from prelabelled platelets; this phase was inhibitable with prostaglandin E1, acetylsalicylic acid, sulphinpyrazone, adenosine, apyrase, or creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase. Polylysine-induced release also occurred in PRP with EDTA or hirudin as anticoagulant. In suspensions of washed platelets in Tyrode solution containing 0.35% or 4% albumin, or 1% gelatin, polylysine caused immediate platelet-to-platelet adherence and very little release of 14C-serotonin or platelet lysis. Heparin inhibited aggregation, but acetylsalicylic acid, prostaglandin E1, adenosine, apyrase, creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase or EDTA did not. In a modified Tyrode-albumin medium containing 1 mM magnesium but no calcium, polylysine-induced aggregation was associated with the release of 14C-serotonin which could be inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin; this is similar to the effect of ADP in this medium. In Tyrode solution without albumin or gelatin, polylysine-induced platelet aggregation was associated with release of a large percentage of 14C-serotonin, together with as much as 18% lysis; indomethacin inhibited this release reaction.
Efficient distributed recovery using message logging (1989)

Article Efficient distributed recovery using message logging Share on Authors: A. P. Sistla GTE Laboratories Incorporated GTE Laboratories IncorporatedView Profile , J. L. Welch GTE Laboratories Incorporated GTE Laboratories IncorporatedView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODC '89: Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM Symposium on Principles of distributed computingJune 1989 Pages 223–238https://doi.org/10.1145/72981.72997Online:01 June 1989Publication History 114citation572DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations114Total Downloads572Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
<i>HWP1</i> Functions in the Morphological Development of <i>Candida albicans</i> Downstream of <i>EFG1</i> , <i>TUP1</i> , and <i>RBF1</i> (1999)

The morphological plasticity of Candida albicans is an important determinant of pathogenicity, and nonfilamentous mutants are avirulent. HWP1, a hypha-specific gene, was identified in a genetic screen for developmentally regulated genes and encodes a cell surface protein of unknown function. Heterozygous and homozygous deletions of HWP1 resulted in a medium-conditional defect in hyphal development. HWP1 expression was blocked in a Deltaefg1 mutant, reduced in an Deltarbf1 mutant, and derepressed in a Deltatup1 mutant. Therefore, HWP1 functions downstream of the developmental regulators EFG1, TUP1, and RBF1. Mutation of CPH1 had no effect on HWP1 expression, suggesting that the positive regulators of hyphal development, CPH1 and EFG1, are components of separate pathways with different target genes. The expression of a second developmentally regulated gene, ECE1, was similarly regulated by EFG1. Since ECE1 is not required for hyphal development, the regulatory role of EFG1 apparently extends beyond the control of cell shape determinants. However, expression of ECE1 was not influenced by TUP1, suggesting that there may be some specificity in the regulation of morphogenic elements during hyphal development.
Chronic Pain in a Geographically Defined General Population (1993)

Chronic pain symptoms are common but unevenly distributed in a general population. The results may influence planning and consultation in primary health care as well as warranting selective prevention activities.
Stressed Intonation on Recasts: Differential Effects in Comparison with Prompts (2014)

This study investigates the differential effects perceptual saliency of recasts in comparison with prompts in the Japanese-as-a-foreign-language (JFL) classrooms in terms of learners’ immediate uptake. Motivated by cognitive aspect of language acquisition, it is hypothesized that one crucial factor to determine the effectiveness of recasts is perceptual saliency (e.g., stressed intonation). From 20 hours of first- and second-year level JFL classrooms, two types of recasts (nonsalient recasts vs. salient recasts with stressed intonation and/or facial expression) and prompts were examined on their impacts upon learners’ immediate uptake. The results provide a clear picture of differential effects of each feedback, indicating that perceptual saliency adds power to the effectiveness of recasts in triggering learners’ noticing and self-correction, while prompts were not affected by perceptual saliency to the similar extent. Perceptual saliency on negotiation moves made clear on their errors but learners further needed positive evidence for self correction.
Magnetoelastic Sensitivity and Composition of Permalloy Films (1966)

The compositional dependence of the magnetoelastic sensitivity of Permalloy films has been studied by a number of investigators, but their results are in disagreement regarding the compositions required for zero magnetostriction, the agreement with bulk values, and the anisotropy of the magnetoelastic coefficients. This paper reports measurements on cylindrical films of torsional strain sensitivity (H l/γ) and absolute compositional analyses by refined x-ray fluorescence techniques to a precision not attained before. Although the average zero magnetostriction point (ZMP) is found at 80.3% Ni, the data suggest that there are probably structural variations from film to film which cause real variations of ±0.5% in the ZMP. Torsional strain sensitivity is correlated with measurements of tensile strain sensitivity (η). The shear coefficient Bγ is found to be 1.21 times the tensile coefficient Bβ. The slope of η versus composition for these electroplated films is in reasonable agreement with the other data on evaporated films. The inferred slope of magnetostriction λ versus composition is significantly below that for bulk Permalloy.
Practical application of visual illusions (2005)

As a failing peculiar to animate visual systems, visual illusions might be used to distinguish humans from "computer bots", or any other artificial intelligence empowered with a visual capacity. Any such entity is unlikely to suffer the same illusions as our own, unless, of course, it has been specifically engineered to do so. This approach inverts, and complements, the logic of the Turing test: not requiring evidence of an intelligent capacity equivalent to that of human beings, but rather that of a characteristic human failing.
Adaptive Watermarking and Tree Structure Based Image Quality Estimation (2014)

Image quality evaluation is very important. In applications involving signal transmission, the Reduced- or No-Reference quality metrics are generally more practical than the Full-Reference metrics. In this study, we propose a quality estimation method based on a novel semi-fragile and adaptive watermarking scheme. The proposed scheme uses the embedded watermark to estimate the degradation of cover image under different distortions. The watermarking process is implemented in DWT domain of the cover image. The correlated DWT coefficients across the DWT subbands are categorized into Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT). Those SPHIT trees are further decomposed into a set of bitplanes. The watermark is embedded into the selected bitplanes of the selected DWT coefficients of the selected tree without causing significant fidelity loss to the cover image. The accuracy of the quality estimation is made to approach that of Full-Reference metrics by referring to an "Ideal Mapping Curve" computed a priori. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can estimate image quality in terms of PSNR, wPSNR, JND and SSIM with high accuracy under JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian low-pass filtering and Gaussian noise distortion. The results also show that the proposed scheme has good computational efficiency for practical applications.
Ion-Selective Electrodes Using Carbon Nanotubes as Ion-to-Electron Transducers (2008)

This study developed a new type of all-solid-state ion-selective electrode based on a transducing layer of a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The extraordinary capacity of carbon nanotubes to promote electron transfer between heterogeneous phases made the presence of electroactive polymers or any other ion-to-electron-transfer promoter unnecessary. The new transducer layer was characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The stability of the electrical potential of the new solid-contact electrode was examined by performing current-reversal chronopotentiometry, and the influence of the interfacial water film was assessed by the potentiometric water layer test. The performance of the new electrode was evaluated by determining K+ with an ion-selective membrane that contained the well-known valinomycin ion carrier. The new electrode had a Nernstian slope (58.4 mV/decade), dynamic ranges of four logarithmic units, and selectivities and limits of detection comparable to other solid-contact electrodes. The short response time (less than 10 s for activities higher than 10(-5.5) M) and the stability of the signal over several days makes these new electrodes very promising candidates for attaining true miniaturization.
Microbial Populations in an Agronomically Managed Mollisol Treated with Simulated Acid Rain (1991)

Abstract A fertile well‐buffered mollisol (Flanagan silt loam, fine montmorillonitic mesic Aquic Argiudoll) under cultivation with corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was subjected to simulated rain of pH 5.6, 4.2, and 3.0, while moisture‐activated rain exclusion shelters provided protection from ambient rain. Soil was sampled to a depth of 3 cm on four dates throughout the 1985 growing season. The following microorganisms were enumerated by plate counts or most probable number: general heterotrophic bacteria, general soil fungi, free‐living N‐fixing bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, autotrophic ammonium‐oxidizing, nitrite‐oxidizing, and thiosulfate‐oxidizing bacteria. The ANOVA was used to determine the combined and individual effects of rain treatments, crop field, and sampling date. Crop field and sampling date affected microbial numbers more than rain treatments. Overall, rain treatment effects were limited to nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria; lower numbers occurred in the corn field in subplots treated with rain of pH 4.2 and 3.0, and in the soybean field treated with rain of pH 3.0. The trend was strongest in June and July. In the corn field in subplots treated with rain of pH 3.0, numbers of thiosulfate‐oxidizing bacteria were higher and numbers of general heterotrophic bacteria were lower; however, these trends were comparatively weak. Rain treatments caused essentially no decrease in soil pH, suggesting that acid rain constituents affect certain microbial populations without causing overt changes in pH. Because they appear to be unusually sensitive, nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria could be used as experimental indicators of changes in soil microbial communities subjected to acid rain.
Regulatory Approvals of Pediatric Oncology Drugs: Previous Experience and New Initiatives (2003)

Potential reasons for a lack of New Drug Application submissions for pediatric oncology include the small pediatric oncology market compared with the adult oncology market and perceived barriers to performing studies in children. Reasons for failure to approve pediatric indications include small numbers of patients, lack of appropriate controls, and failure to demonstrate patient benefit. Approval criteria include the use of controlled trials, prospective data collection, and disease-appropriate end points. Regulatory initiatives to promote pediatric therapeutic development and product labeling are discussed.
Bizarre Behavior following the Ingestion of Levo-Desoxyephedrine (1988)

This is the first reported case of transvestism in a heterosexual male that occurred only after ingestion of the contents of six to eight Vicks inhalers. The patient's gender cross-dressing was associated with sexual excitement and masturbatory behavior. This case is consistent with other cases of gender cross-dressing and sexual excitement following inhaler abuse, but in the previous cases reported the subjects were homosexual men. Levo-desoxyephedrine, also known as levo-methamphetamine, the main active ingredient in Vicks Inhalers, is known to have amphetamine-like properties. Stereotypic behavior is consistent with behavior that follows the use of amphetamine. Transvestism has traditionally been thought to be based on a psychodynamic model; however, the authors postulate several biochemical mechanisms whereby levo-desoxyephedrine may play a role in the bizarre behavior exhibited by this 32-year-old man. It is suggested that inhalers be placed in a new class of drugs that can be dispensed only by a pharmacist or physician.
Computer-Assisted Instruction in Support of Beginning Reading Instruction: A Review (2002)

How effective are computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs in supporting beginning readers? This article reviews 42 studies published from 1990 onward, comprising a total of 75 experimental comparisons. The corrected overall effect size estimate was d = 0.19 (± 0.06). Effect sizes were found to depend on two study characteristics: the effect size at the time of pre-testing and the language of instruction (English or other). These two variables accounted for 61 percent of the variability in effect sizes. Although an effect size of d = 0.2 shows little promise, caution is needed because of the poor quality of many studies.
Preparation of Graphene Sheets by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite in Confined Space and Their Application in Transparent Conductive Films (2017)

A novel electrochemical exfoliation mode was established to prepare graphene sheets efficiently with potential applications in transparent conductive films. The graphite electrode was coated with paraffin to keep the electrochemical exfoliation in confined space in the presence of concentrated sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte, yielding ∼100% low-defect (the D band to G band intensity ratio, I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> = 0.26) graphene sheets. Furthermore, ozone was first detected with ozone test strips, and the effect of ozone on the exfoliation of graphite foil and the microstructure of the as-prepared graphene sheets was investigated. Findings indicate that upon applying a low voltage (3 V) on the graphite foil partially coated with paraffin wax that the coating can prevent the insufficiently intercalated graphite sheets from prematurely peeling off from the graphite electrode thereby affording few-layer (<5 layers) holey graphene sheets in a yield of as much as 60%. Besides, the ozone generated during the electrochemical exfoliation process plays a crucial role in the exfoliation of graphite, and the amount of defect in the as-prepared graphene sheets is dependent on electrolytic potential and electrode distance. Moreover, the graphene-based transparent conductive films prepared by simple modified vacuum filtration exhibit an excellent transparency and a low sheet resistance after being treated with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and annealing (∼1.21 kΩ/□ at ∼72.4% transmittance).
Electrical stressing of submicrometre MOSFETs withraisedsource/drain structures realised by selective epitaxialgrowth of silicon using silane only (1994)

Submicrometre CMOS devices with raised source and drain (RSD) structures, realised by selective epitaxial growth (SEG) of silicon in silane have been electrically stressed. These devices were less susceptible to hot carrier degradation than their conventional counterparts, due to graded source and drain junctions.
Analysis of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Mitochondrial <i>COX3</i> mRNA 5′ Untranslated Leader: Translational Activation and mRNA Processing (1995)

We used transformation of yeast mitochondria and homologous gene replacement to study features of the 613-base COX3 mRNA 5' untranslated leader (5'-UTL) required for translational activation by the protein products of the nuclear genes PET54, PET122, and PET494 in vivo. Elimination of the single AUG triplet in the 5'-UTL had no detectable effect on expression, indicating that activator proteins do not work by allowing ribosomes to bypass that AUG. Deletion of the entire 5'-UTL completely prevented translation, suggesting that the activator proteins do not function by antagonizing any other negative element in the 5'-UTL. Removal of the 15 terminal bases from the 5' end of the 5'-UTL did not block activator-dependent translation. The largest internal deletion that did not interfere with translation removed 125 bases from the upstream portion of the leader. However, two large deletions that blocked translation could be reverted to activator-dependent expression by secondary changes in the remaining 5'-UTL sequences, indicating that the original deletions had not removed the translational activator target but only deformed it. Taken together, the deletion mutations and revertants define a region of 151 bases (between positions -480 and -330 relative to the start codon) containing sequences that are sufficient for translational activation when modified slightly. Suppression of the respiratory phenotypes of two 5'-UTL mutations by overexpression of PET54, PET122, and PET494 indicated functional interactions between the leader and the three activator proteins. The mature COX3 mRNA is cleaved from a precursor immediately downstream of the preceding tRNAVal in a fashion resembling mRNA processing in vertebrate mitochondria. Our results indicate that the site of this cleavage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined solely by the position of the tRNA.
Interfacial polycondensation. I. (1959)

Abstract Interfacial polycondensation is a rapid, irreversible polymerization at the interface between water containing one difunctional intermediate and an inert immiscible organic solvent containing a complementary difunctional reactant. It is based on the Schotten‐Baumann reaction in which acid chlorides are reacted with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms (OH, NH and SH). A large number of polymers (heat‐sensitive and infusible as well as stable and meltable) can be prepared. The method has been applied to the preparation of polyurethanes, polyamides, polyureas, polysulfonamides, and polyphenyl esters. Interfacial polycondensations are run in simple, open laboratory equipment with or without stirring. With suitable agitation granular or powdered polymers with high molecular weight are prepared at room temperature and isolated within a few minutes. The intermediates need not be absolutely pure or in balance nor is a quantitative yield needed in order to obtain high polymer. The major variables in the interfacial polycondensation process are discussed and the laboratory techniques and principles are contrasted with melt polycondensation.
Supervised feature selection: A tutorial (2015)

Supervised feature selection research has a long history. Its popularity exploded in the past 30 years due to the advance ofinformation technology and the need to analyze high-dimensional data sets. Research papers published during these yearswere mostly from the machine learning and artificial intelligence community. The emphasis was largely on improving modelaccuracy using empirical methods; whereas the issue of feature relevance was somewhat overlooked. Feature selection methodswere loosely classified as filters, wrappers, and embedded methods with little attention paid to their intricate details. This paperprovides a tutorial of supervised feature selection, on the basis of reviewing frequently cited papers in this area and a numberof classical publications from the statistics community. The objective of feature selection (either to improve model predictiveaccuracy or to determine relevance for hypothesis generation) is presented and discussed in details. Various supervised featureselection methods are classified using a detailed taxonomy. Guidelines for using feature selection methods in practice areprovided based on a comprehensive review of the performance of these methods. Issues that require further attention are alsodiscussed.
Rat Carotid Artery Balloon Injury Model (2007)

Numerous and diverse experimental animal models have been used over the years to examine reactions to various forms of blood vessel disease and/or injury across species and in multiple vascular beds in a cumulative effort to relate these findings to the human condition. In this context, the rat carotid artery balloon injury model is highly characterized and commonly used for investigating gross morphological, cellular, biochemical, and molecular components of the response to experimentally induced arterial injury. The mechanical damage caused by the balloon catheter completely removes the intimal endothelial lining and creates a distending mural injury in the operated vessel. This elicits a reproducible remodeling response characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) mitogenesis and migration (through phenotypic switching), SMC apoptosis, partial vascular endothelial cell regeneration, enhanced matrix synthesis, and establishment of an invasive neointima in time-dependent fashion. This multi-factorial process allows for investigation of these many important pathophysiological processes and can serve as a valuable "proof-of-concept" tool to verify and substantiate in vitro results; however, inherent anatomical and adaptive constraints of this in vivo model ration comparison to the diseased human system (see Note 1). In this chapter, brief overview of the materials needed and the methodologies commonly employed for successful routine performance of this important experimental animal model is provided. Individual sub-sections will cover animal care and handling, pre-operative and post-operative procedures, and the surgery proper. Protocols for histopathology and morphometry and procedures for data management and interpretation pertinent to the rat carotid artery balloon injury model are discussed in Chapter 2.