gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement and degradation of the <i>R</i> relaxation rate resulting from the encapsulation of magnetic particles with hydrophilic coatings (2011)

The effects of including a hydrophilic coating around the particles are studied across a wide range of particle sizes by performing Monte Carlo simulations of protons diffusing through a system of magnetic particles. A physically realistic methodology of implementing the coating by cross boundary jump scaling and transition probabilities at the coating surface is developed. Using this formulation, the coating has three distinct impacts on the relaxation rate: an enhancement at small particle sizes, a degradation at intermediate particle sizes, and no effect at large particles sizes. These varied effects are reconciled with the underlying dephasing mechanisms by using the concept of a full dephasing zone to present a physical picture of the dephasing process with and without the coating for all sizes. The enhancement at small particle sizes is studied systemically to demonstrate the existence of an optimal ratio of diffusion coefficients inside/outside the coating to achieve maximal increase in the relaxation rate.
P-adic Numbers (1983)

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Tunable light grating integrated with high-voltage driver IC for image projection display (2007)

This paper presents a monolithic integration technique of MEMS grating light valves with high-voltage (40 V) driver circuits that target for image projection display devices. Driver circuits were prepared°n an 8-μm-thick SOI (Silicon-on- Insulator) wafer by the DMOS (Double-diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor) processes, after which the MEMS grating were integrated in the identical SOI layer by post-processing using the DRIE (Deep Reactive Ion Etching). In°ur work,°ptical light angle is modulated by changing the period°f the MEMS grating pixel by means°f electrostatic actuation. Optical diffraction angles°f 6.6° (OFF-state) and 3.3° (ON-State) were obtained with drive voltage°f 0 V and 40 V, respectively.
Mode properties of a plasma waveguide for intense laser pulses: erratum (1995)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. G. Durfee, F. Lynch, and H. M. Milchberg, "Mode properties of a plasma waveguide for intense laser pulses: erratum," Opt. Lett. 20, 946-946 (1995) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A unified constitutive model for asymmetric tension and compression creep-ageing behaviour of naturally aged Al-Cu-Li alloy (2016)

A set of unified constitutive equations is presented that predict the asymmetric tension and compression creep behaviour and recently observed double primary creep of pre-stretched/naturally aged aluminium-cooper-lithium alloy AA2050-T34. The evolution of the primary micro- and macro-variables related to the precipitation hardening and creep deformation of the alloy during creep age forming (CAF) are analysed and modelled. Equations for the yield strength evolution of the alloy, including an initial reversion and subsequent strengthening, are proposed based on a theory of concurrent dissolution, re-nucleation and growth of precipitates during artificial ageing. We present new observations of so-called double primary creep during the CAF process. This phenomenon is then predicted by introducing effects of interacting microstructures, including evolving precipitates, diffusing solutes and dislocations, into the sinh-law creep model. In addition, concepts of threshold creep stress σth and a microstructure-dependant creep variable H, which behave differently under different external stress directions, are proposed and incorporated into the creep model. This enables prediction of the asymmetric tension and compression creep-ageing behaviour of the alloy. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and related small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis have been carried out for selected creep-aged samples to assist the development and calibration of the constitutive model. A good agreement has been achieved between the experimental results and the model. The model has the potential to be applied to creep age forming of other heat-treatable aluminium alloys.
A<sup>19</sup>F NMR STUDY OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS FLUORIDATES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Doubling of the<sup>19</sup>F nmr in Diastereoisomeric Mixtures (1977)

Abstract 1H and 19F nmr spectra of two series of organophosphorus esters containing a P–F bond were studied. 2-Fluoro-4-methyl 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane 2-oxide (2) was found to be a mixture of two diastereoisomers in the ratio of trans/cis = 4. Stereospecific catalysis of phosphate and maleate anions in the hydrolysis of 2 was observed, leading to enrichment of the non-hydrolysed fluoridates with the trans isomer. The 19F nmr spectra of O-2-butyl methylphosphonofluoridate (7) and O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (8), showed doubling of the 19F nmr spectra, giving rise to two sets of double quartets of equal intensity. 1:1 mixtures of diastereoisomers account for the doubling of the resonance rather than sterically hindered rotation. The applicability of nmr spectroscopy to the study of stereospecific displacement reactions at tetrahedral phosphorus is discussed.
SpaceWire Physical Level Redundancy Mechanism (2006)

SpaceWire is becoming a popular solution for spacecraft high-speed (10-200 Mbps) onboard communications as its simple standard provides great flexibility for solving a wide range of system requirements. However, the SpaceWire standard currently does not provide a redundancy mechanism. There are many ways to do this, but none are currently part of the SpaceWire standard. It could be with two separate protocol devices between systems, but the difficulty in implementation is just moved to the next higher level in the protocol stack. In this situation, the user of SpaceWire would need to determine when a protocol device has failed and than command a switchover to the alternate device. Another method would be to provide a mechanism for switchover to an alternate cable within the same protocol device that is transparent to the user. This method is described in this paper.
Development of an eco-efficient plasma process of low metal loaded catalyst synthesis for the electrochemical valorization of Glycerol (2013)

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[Autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract caused by a deletion mutation in the beta A1-crystallin gene]. (2003)

It is a deletion mutation DeltaG91 of CRYBA1 gene that causes autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract. This is the first report of an autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract caused by the mutation in this gene.
Reversing controlled document authoring to normalize documents (2003)

This paper introduces document normalization, and addresses the issue of whether controlled document authoring systems can be used in a reverse mode to normalize legacy documents. A paradigm for deep content analysis using such a system is proposed, and an architecture for a document normalization system is described.
Spoilage of fresh turkey and pork sausages: Influence of potassium lactate and modified atmosphere packaging (2020)

Fresh poultry and pork meat products represent highly perishable products which are susceptible to spoil within a few days after production. Lactate addition and modified atmosphere packaging are common preservation strategies used to overcome spoilage. This study aimed to identify the effects of these strategies and their possible interactions on spoilage indicators simultaneously on fresh pork and turkey sausages. Ten batches of raw meat (turkey or pork) sausages were industrially produced with different lactate concentrations (0, 1 or 2% w/w in turkey and 0, 0.57 and 1.13% w/w in pork), packed under different gas mixtures (air, MAP1: 70% O<sub>2</sub> - 30% CO<sub>2</sub> and MAP2: 50% CO<sub>2</sub> - 50% N<sub>2</sub>) and chill stored during 22 days. Spoilage responses including enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria, measurement of pH and colour, evaluation of visual defects and off-odour, were monitored. Effects of lactate and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) as well as random effect of the batch variability were studied using a mixed effect model. Despite initial batch variability, significant effects of lactate and gas packaging were observed but in a different way in turkey and pork. Our results suggest that for fresh turkey sausages, the gas mixture enriched in oxygen enhanced off-odour perception and sausage discolouration from red to dark grey / brown colour. Unlike turkey sausages, in pork sausages, lactate did not significantly influence the monitored spoilage responses, whereas MAP (70% O<sub>2</sub>-30% CO<sub>2</sub>) reduced the off-odour perception. The developed model could be useful to estimate the effect of preservation strategies on spoilage occurrence while considering industrial batch variability.
Reformulating the HMM as a Trajectory Model (2004)

Abstract We have shown that the HMM whose state output vector includes static and dynamic feature parame-ters can be reformulated as a trajectory model by imposing the explicit relationship between the static and dynamic features. The derived model, referred to as “trajectory HMM, ” can alleviate the limitations of HMMs: i) constant statistics within an HMM state and ii) independence assumption of state output probabilities. In this paper, we first summarize the definition and the training algorithm. Then, to show that the trajectory HMM is a proper generative model, we derive a new algorithm for sampling from the trajectory model, and show the result of an illustrative experiment. A speech recognition experiment demonstrates the consistency between training and decoding criteria is essential: the model should not only be traind as a trajectory model but also be used as a trajectory model in decoding, even though the trajectory model has the same parameterization as the standard HMM. Key words HMM, speech recognition, speech synthesis, trajectory model, dynamic feature 1.
Mechanical Characterization of 2D Nanomaterials and Composites (2016)

The recent isolation of graphene from graphite has led to the discovery and synthesis of a multitude of similar two-dimensional (2D) crystalline and has ushered in a new era of 2D materials. These single-atom-thick materials have shown great promise for emerging nanotechnological applications, with unique electrical, thermal, and optical properties. Underlying their success as a platform for nanosystem development is their structural integrity, mechanical stability, and limit states in loading and deformation. As such, a full understanding of their mechanistic behavior, properties, and failure modes is essential for the successful implementation of 2D materials in design. Here, we focus on the fundamental nanomechanics of 2D materials, describing how to characterize basic properties such as strength, stiffness, bending rigidity, and adhesion using computational methods such as molecular dynamics (MD). Failure is discussed in terms of the local, atomistic interpretation of quantized fracture mechanics (QFM), and extended to bulk systems via nanoscale Weibull statistics (NWS). While 2D materials have shown promise in nanotechnology, in terms of complete understanding of the mechanical behavior of these systems, we have merely scratched the surface.
Development of Compact Wide-Angle Imaging Detector for MeV Gamma-Rays using Stacked BGO Scintillator Rods (2006)

We are developing a compact wide-angle imaging detector for MeV gamma-rays using stacked BGO scintillator rods to apply to neutron induced prompt gamma-ray analysis (NPGA), which is one of the promising methods for non-destructive detection of hidden explosives by measuring characteristic gamma-rays produced from chemical elements. The gamma-ray imaging in NPGA applications is also necessary to locate them and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A compact wide-angle imaging detector has an advantage in detection efficiency, because it can take images at short distance from inspection objects. For a compact wide-angle imaging detector for MeV gamma-rays, we have proposed the image reconstruction technique based on the statistical estimation algorithm using stacked BGO scintillator rods that can get information on energies and 3D positions. In this paper, we mainly discussed an information processing method for recorded signals especially to provide the additional function rejecting pile-up events, which makes our detector possible to operate in high dose filed. Through the EGS4 simulations modeling our detector units, we successfully demonstrated that the pile-up events can be suppressed by picking out only events with small spatial deviation of scintillation positions. In addition, we experimentally demonstrated nitrogen imaging based on NPGA using our gamma-ray detector.
Recovery and Recrystallization in Cold Worked Fe – O Steels (2004)

Several Fe – O samples containing different fractions of dispersed oxides were processed by mechanical milling followed by consolidating rolling. The samples were annealed at 1000oC and then compressed to strains of 0.35, 1.2, and 1.9 at an ambient temperature. Dispersed oxides with size of about 20 nm were homogeneously distributed throughout the ferrite matrix and their volume fractions varied from about 0.3% to 2.0%. To study the annealing softening mechanisms, the coldworked specimens were annealed for an hour at 700oC and 800oC. The fine dispersion of oxide particles was very effective to suppress any softening processes. Primary recrystallization fully developed in the samples with volume fraction of dispersed oxides of about 0.3%. Increase in the fraction of dispersed oxides resulted in decrease of the fraction recrystallized. In the samples containing 2.0 vol.% of dispersed oxides, only recovery was the annealing softening process irrespective of the preceding cold strain. The critical volume fraction of dispersed particles for development of the primary recrystallization is considered to range from 0.5 to 2.0%.
Exploiting supramolecular chemistry in metal recovery: novel zwitterionic extractants for nickel(<scp>ii</scp>) salts (2003)

Hexadentate tris-salicylaldimine ligands bearing ortho-N-dialkylaminomethyl substituents have been shown to function as ditopic ligands for NiSO4 or NiCl2. The incorporation of the Ni-ion into the N3O33− site templates the pendant alkylammonium groups to allow them to hydrogen bond to the attendant anion(s). Formulation as complexes of the trianionic/tricationic ligand is supported by X-ray structure determinations of solvated forms of the complexes [Ni(L)SO4] and [Ni(L)Cl]Cl, where L = tris-1,1,1-{2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-5-tert-butylbenzaldiminomethyl}ethane. The kerosene-soluble ligand, tris-2,2′,2″-{2-hydroxy-3-(di-n-hexylaminomethyl)-5-nonylbenzaldiminomethyl}amine, functions as a good extractant for nickel salts, showing high selectivity for recovery of NiCl2 over NiSO4. This reagent can be stripped and recycled directly using aqueous ammonia or by first displacing the Ni2+ with acid and then neutralising the pendant alkylammonium groups. The acid-stripping is accompanied by hydrolytic degradation of the reagent, but in many other respects this novel class of reagent shows promise in opening up novel flowsheets for nickel recovery, based on transport of the metal salt as opposed to ion-exchange based processes.
Clinicopathological study of chromogranin A, B and BRCA1 expression in node-negative breast carcinoma (2002)

Chromogranins are representative proteins contained in endocrine cells of various organs including some ductal cells of the breast. Homology between the BRCA1 protein (1214-1223) and the chromogranins has been detected and suggests that chromogranin may play the role of tumor suppressor like BRCA1. To evaluate whether chromogranins function as tumor suppressors in invasive breast carcinoma, we examined the clinicopathological significance and immunohistochemical expression of chromogranin and BRCA1 in 80 patients with lymph node-negative primary invasive ductal carcinomas. Chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) were positive in 21 (26%) and 30 cases (38%) respectively. Expression of CgA was correlated with PR, and lower histological grade (p<0.05 respectively). However, the expression of CgB was not correlated with any immunohistological factor. Expression of both CgA and CgB was not correlated with age, tumor size, and treatment modality. With multivariate analysis, expression of BRCA1 significantly influenced the expression of CgA (p=0.01), while no factor significantly influenced to the expression of CgB. The survival curve of the patients with CgA-negative tumor indicated a tendency to a poorer prognosis than that seen with CgA-positive tumor. The patients with CgB-negative tumors demonstrated a poorer prognosis than seen with patients with CgB-positive tumors (p<0.05). CgA and CgB may mediate tumor progression through some unknown function besides the BRCA1-related function.
A Si LDMOS-Based UHF Power Amplifier (2001)

1 This work was undertaken as the Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering degree Final Project of its two first authors. Abstract The design, implementation and performance tests of an Si LDMOS-Based power amplifier for UHF is presented. The amplifier, conceived for medium power GSM-900 base-station applications, consists of a Class-AB single stage circuit designed for maximum output power capability, and optimized efficiency. It showed a 1dB compressed output power of 6.3W with an associated power added efficiency of 60%.
Chemical Composition of Volatile Oil from the Roots of Periploca sepium (2004)

Periploca sepium is used in Chinese crude drugs and widely employed as a tonic. The volatiles obtained by steam distillation (yield, 0.10%) included 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde (87.8%), furfural (3.13%), and lavender lactone (0.77%) as the major components.
The Transmission Coefficient in the Theory of Absolute Reaction Rates (1943)

The activated complex theory of reaction rates is discussed critically. The transmission coefficients for a number of idealized energy surfaces have been computed quantum mechanically. It appears that curvature of the reaction path may introduce activation energy in addition to that caused by constriction and elevation of the energy valley. Except at low temperatures, this additional activation energy is almost negligible. However, it may contribute to the separation of isotopes, where small differences in activation energy are important. For systems in thermal equilibrium at room temperatures and above, the average quantum mechanical transmission coefficient is found to differ insignificantly from that calculated by classical mechanics.
S100A4 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through a dual signaling pathway mediated by Src and focal adhesion kinase (2015)

S100A4 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. The effects of loss or gain of S100A4 were examined in pancreatic cancer cell lines. S100A4 downregulation remarkably reduces cell migration and invasion, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis in pancreatic tumor cells. S100A4 downregulation results in significant cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in response to TGF-β1, supporting a non-canonical role of S100A4 in pancreatic cancer. The role of S100A4 in tumor progression was studied by using an orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model. Tumor mass is remarkably decreased in animals injected with S100A4-deficient pancreatic tumor cells. P27(Kip1) expression and cleaved caspase-3 are increased, while cyclin E expression is decreased, in S100A4-deficient pancreatic tumors in vivo. S100A4-deficient tumors have lower expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting reduced angiogenesis. Biochemical assays revealed that S100A4 activates Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling events, and inhibition of both kinases is required to maximally block the tumorigenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings support that S100A4 plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression in vivo and S100A4 promotes tumorigenic phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells through the Src-FAK mediated dual signaling pathway.
Single motor unit activity in human extraocular muscles during the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (2012)

Motor unit activity in human eye muscles during the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is not well understood, since the associated head and eye movements normally preclude single unit recordings. Therefore we recorded single motor unit activity following bursts of skull vibration and sound, two vestibular otolith stimuli that elicit only small head and eye movements. Inferior oblique (IO) and inferior rectus (IR) muscle activity was measured in healthy humans with concentric needle electrodes. Vibration elicited highly synchronous, short-latency bursts of motor unit activity in the IO (latency: 10.5 ms) and IR (14.5 ms) muscles. The activation patterns of the two muscles were similar, but reciprocal, with delayed activation of the IR muscle. Sound produced short-latency excitation of the IO muscle (13.3 ms) in the eye contralateral to the stimulus. Simultaneous needle and surface recordings identified the IO as the muscle of origin of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) thus validating the physiological basis of this recently developed clinical test of otolith function. Single extraocular motor unit recordings provide a window into neural activity in humans that can normally only be examined using animal models and help identify the pathways of the translational VOR from otoliths to individual eye muscles.
Fourier transforms and convolutions (2010)

This chapter revisits the essential mathematics of integral calculus and introduces the important concept of the Fourier transform, the properties of which are elegantly demonstrated by sketching the curves of various functions. It demonstrates the essential principles of diffraction by determining the Fourier transforms of regularly repeating patterns which can be represented mathematically by Dirac delta functions — the very important concept of Fourier space (or reciprocal space) follows from this discussion. This section leads into a description of another highly important mathematical concept, the convolution. Convolutions allow two functions to be combined and provide an extremely elegant mathematical description of the crystalline state as well as an insight into one of crystallography's most important structure-solving tools, the Patterson function.