gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAESAR: a system for case based software reuse (2003)

The authors show how the compositional software reuse approach can be fruitfully cast in the case-based reasoning (CBR) paradigm. Any CBR system in which the cases are software artifacts must rely on software-specific concepts to provide adequate knowledge representation. However, the fact that these software artifacts can be executed on a computer should yield stronger results than could be expected from generic CBR. The CAESAR system relies on advanced data flow analysis concepts for its representation of knowledge about software modules. Cases and their fragments are retrieved and adapted to solve new problems. The new cases which result are executed on system-generated test sets to evaluate the results of CBR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multidimensional recursive filters via a helix (1998)

Abstract Wind a wire onto a cylinder to create a helix. I show that a filter on the 1-D space of the wire mimics a 2-D filter on the cylindrical surface. Thus 2-D convolution can be done with a 1-D convolution program. I show some examples of 2-D recursive filtering (also called 2-D deconvolution or 2-D polynomial division). In 2-D as in 1-D, the computational advantage of recursive filters is the speed with which they propagate information over long distances. We can estimate 2-D prediction-error filters (PEFs) that are assured of being stable for 2-D recursion. Such 2-D and 3-D recursions are general-purpose preconditioners that vastly speed the solution of a wide class of geophysical estimation problems. The helix transformation also enables use of the partial-differential equation of wave extrapolation as though it were an ordinary-differential equation.
Exciton diffusion in organic semiconductors (2015)

Experiments and basic Physics of exciton diffusion in organic semiconductors are reviewed.
Problemstellung, Zielsetzung und Aufbau der Arbeit (2003)

Die Stadt Oberhausen, gelegen im nördlichen Teil des — industriellen — Ruhrgebietes, in der so genannten Emscherzone (siehe Abbildung 1, S. 14), verdankt ihre Entstehung der rapiden Industrialisierung, die um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in diesem bis dahin eher ländlich geprägten Raum einsetzte und ihn grundlegend transformierte. Bis weit in die 70er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts hinein war die Stadt von der örtlichen Großindustrie noch immer stark geprägt, als in anderen Städten des Ruhrgebietes — gerade im südlichen Bereich, in der "Hellwegzone" — der ökonomische Strukturwandel in den überkommenen Leitindustrien schon tiefgreifende Veränderungen verursacht hatte (Lichte 1991a: 21). Aber auch Oberhausen blieb vom Strukturwandel nicht verschont, und so verlor die Stadt zwischen 1970 und 1987 im Bergbau über 53 Prozent und in der verarbeitenden Industrie annähernd 33 Prozent aller Arbeitsplätze (Lichte 1991b: 57, Tabelle 3). Dieser Niedergang der traditionellen Industriezweige dauert bis in die Gegenwart an.
Elegant Chemistry to Directly Anchor Intact Saccharides on Solid Surfaces Used for the Fabrication of Bioactivity-Conserved Saccharide Microarrays (2012)

An easy chemical strategy was proposed and used to establish a method for direct anchoring of intact saccharides on solid surfaces with well conserved bioaffinity. The anchoring was achieved by temperature-modulated stepwise reactions with cyanuric chloride as a key linker, and was successfully applied to the fabrication of saccharide chips. To demonstrate, 15 intact reducing and nonreducing saccharides with various molecular sizes were dotted on a cyanuric-chloride-modified chip (1.0 × 1.0 cm(2)) and made to react with lectins. As expected, the anchored saccharides were capable of recognizing their target lectins, and more exciting were the perfect conservation of the specific recognizing ability of the anchored monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, and even fructose (interacting only weakly with concanavalin A). This conservation was ascribed to the maintenance of the original structure (especially the anomeric configuration) of saccharides after immobilization and to the allowance of the anchored saccharides to rotate with and/or on the scaffold of cyanuric chloride, which makes them easily adapt to the recognition-preferred spatial position. The expected linkage of saccharides on cyanuric chloride and the maintenance of their anomeric configuration were characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. The new method can be highlighted not only by its conservation of saccharide bioaffinity and universal applicability but also by its merits of easy manipulation or facile control of the reactions and cost-effectiveness due to the use of extremely cheap cyanuric chloride.
Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance (1988)

The basis of NMR imaging is examined in terms of water and mobile proton content in biological and other systems. Relaxation time effects are also discussed and their importance as additional spin parameters examined. The generalised principles of NMR imaging are discussed using the reciprocal space approach. The timing details of the common imaging methods, together with a number of image examples are presented. A discussion of image quality and imaging time is given. Other matters of practical importance in obtaining good quality images are also considered. Some general comments concerning present day imaging and future perspectives are presented.
A Low-Cost Artificial Diet for the Corn Earworm123 (1970)

A definite need exists for low-cost artificial diets that will decrease the cost of mass producing insects. However, such an inexpensive diet must also produce healthy, vigorous insects that act as nearly normal as possible. Generally, the more defined, the more expensive a diet becomes. Therefore, one composed of crude organic materials that already contain most of the required nutritional components, defined by Dougherty (1959) as oligidic, should be the least expensive. Then the lowest possible cost could be achieved by purchasing, processing, mixing, and supplementing very large quantities. Blended Food Product, Child Food Supplement, Formula no. 2, commonly called CSM (for corn, soy flour, and milk solids), is such a product.
Study on Methanol Aromatization over Zeolite Catalyst H/ZSM-5 Modified with Zinc Ions in Different Contents (2011)

Abstract The present study describes the performance of H/ZSM-5 catalyst modified with different ZnO contents for the conversion of methanol to aromatics. The contribution of zinc ions was evaluated by analyzing the acid site density, specific surface area, pore structure, and so on, of ZnO/ZSM-5 catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic activity reached a maximum when the content of ZnO was 8 wt%, and the total product yield could reach 56.2%, of which aromatics accounted for 95 wt%.
Methodology Review: Clustering Methods (1987)

A review of clustering methodology is presented, with emphasis on algorithm performance and the re sulting implications for applied research. After an over view of the clustering literature, the clustering process is discussed within a seven-step framework. The four major types of clustering methods can be characterized as hierarchical, partitioning, overlapping, and ordina tion algorithms. The validation of such algorithms re fers to the problem of determining the ability of the methods to recover cluster configurations which are known to exist in the data. Validation approaches in clude mathematical derivations, analyses of empirical datasets, and monte carlo simulation methods. Next, interpretation and inference procedures in cluster anal ysis are discussed. inference procedures involve test ing for significant cluster structure and the problem of determining the number of clusters in the data. The paper concludes with two sets of recommendations. One set deals with topics in clustering that would ben efit from continued research into the methodology. The other set offers recommendations for applied anal yses within the framework of the clustering process.
A survey of some regenerative physico-chemical life support technology (1988)

To date, manned spaceflight has used the relatively simple support methodology of bringing all the necessary water, oxygen, and food for the duration of the mission, and collecting and storing waste products for return to Earth. This is referred to as an open system. It was recognized early, as manned missions became longer and crew size increased, that the weight, volume, and transportation penalties of storing or routinely resupplying consumables would at some point become too expensive. Since the early 1960's regenerative ECLSS technology has been under development, and there now exists a foundation in both systems definition and subsystem technology to support long-duration manned missions. In many cases this development has reached the engineering prototype stage for physico-chemical subsystems and in this article some of these subsystems are described. Emphasis is placed on physico-chemical waste conversion and related processes which provide sustenance and not on environmental factors or subsystems, e.g., temperature and humidity control, spacecraft architecture, lighting, etc.
Validity of the 13C–Caffeine Breath Test As A Noninvasive, Quantitative Test of Liver Function (2003)

The properties of caffeine render it an ideal substrate for a quantitative test of liver function. The aim of this study was to determine whether the caffeine breath test (CBT) using orally administered 13C-caffeine correlates reliably with plasma caffeine clearance and reflects varying degrees of liver dysfunction. The CBT was performed in 25 healthy controls; 20 subjects with noncirrhotic, chronic hepatitis B or C; and 20 subjects with cirrhosis. Plasma caffeine clearance was assayed simultaneously with the CBT in a cohort of these subjects. Over a broad range of caffeine clearances, the CBT exhibited a highly significant correlation with plasma clearance (r = 0.85, P <.001). Cirrhotic patients were characterized by significantly reduced CBT values (1.15 +/- 0.75 delta per thousand mg(-1)) compared with controls (2.23 +/- 0.76; P =.001) and hepatitic patients (1.83 +/- 1.05; P =.04). There was a significant inverse relationship between the CBT and Child-Pugh score (r = -.74, P =.002). The intraclass correlation coefficient between repeated CBTs in 20 subjects with normal and cirrhotic livers was 0.89. Although smoking was associated with an 86% to 141% increase in CBT in all groups, the CBT was able to distinguish control, hepatitic, and cirrhotic smokers (5.36 +/- 0.82, 3.63 +/- 1.21, and 2.14 +/- 1.14, respectively, P =.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that only smoking (P <.001) and disease state (P =.001) were significant predictors of the CBT. In conclusion, the 13C-CBT represents a valid indicator of plasma caffeine clearance and correlates reproducibly with hepatic dysfunction.
Superhydrophobicity of Nanostructured Carbon Films in a Wide Range of pH Values (2003)

Nanostrukturierte graphitartige Kohlenstoff-Filme lassen sich mithilfe einer einfachen Pyrolysemethode herstellen. Ohne Weiterbehandlung erhält man Filme, die nicht nur Wasser abweisen, sondern auch ätzende Flüssigkeiten wie saure oder basische Lösungen. Das Bild zeigt Wassertropfen mit pH-Werten von 1.07 (links) und 13.76 (rechts) im Kontakt mit einem nanostrukturierten Kohlenstoff-Film. Dies ist das erste Beispiel für Superhydrophobie über einen weiten pH-Bereich in Abwesenheit fluorhaltiger Verbindungen.
Australian experiences with accessibility policies post the Sydney Olympic Games (2003)

Australia enacted its Disability Discrimination Act in 1992, prior to the now ubiquitous World Wide Web. However, the 'Maguire v. Sydney Olympic Games Organising Committee' High Court case in 2000 clearly demonstrated that the Australian Disability Discrimination Act applies in the online world. While Government in Australia was the initiator of establishing accessibility policy for online activity and eGovernment, many of these policies have remained unchanged since the late 1990s. During 2002, other sectors of the economy have come to the fore with respect to online accessibility policy and 'leapfrogged' the government with policies that sometimes leave the government position looking languid. This paper reviews the current online accessibility policies and guidelines of federal and state governments in Australia and contrasts these positions with the high levels of accessibility expected in the future in the banking, education, legal and multimedia sectors as a result of recent industry policies declarations.
Bayesian assessment of favorability for oil and gas prospects over the Recôncavo basin, Brazil (2003)

This paper presents a Bayesian approach to evaluate remaining potential of oil and gas in the Reconcavo basin, Brazil. The purpose is to test a new Bayesian weighting methodology and quantify the favorability for the existence of new fields in the basin. The methodology implies organization of petroleum system data in descriptive models with which results from drilling are manipulated statistically, including analysis of geologic factors that are spatially correlated with both producing and dry areas. In the first stage of modeling, the essential elements (reservoir, seal, and overburden rocks) that control the fundamental processes of generation, expulsion, migration, and entrapment of petroleum accumulation are defined throughout integration of previously published data. The petroleum accumulation models of Reconcavo basin comprise generation from Neocomian shale rocks of the Gomo Member (Candeias Formation), vertical migration along extensional and transfer faults, and accumulation in tilted horsts with Upper Jurassic prerift reservoirs (Sergi Formation) or in Neocomian turbidite reservoirs in stratigraphic/combined traps (Candeias and Marfim formations). Probability distributions and weights are then calculated through Boolean operations among producing and dry areas and each diagnostic criterion evaluated through descriptive models such as source bed thickness, onset of organic maturation, presence or absence of faults and structural blocks, reservoir thickness, and seal distribution. The final stage of evaluation consists of spatial integration of raster maps that are weighted according to their necessity and sufficiency conditions, the results being presented as favorability maps. The characterization of favorable areas and their comparison with known fields suggest that such a Bayesian approach can contribute to the understanding of petroleum systems as a practical approach that considers the spatial nature of exploration variables.
Troubleshooting Campus Networks: Practical Analysis of Cisco and LAN Protocols (2002)

From the Publisher:
All network designers and administrators want their campus LANs to run efficiently. This book provides tips and techniques for using protocol analyzers and other tools to recognize problems for both Cisco and multiprotocol traffic patterns.
* Focuses on troubleshooting problems that arise from the Cisco routers inter-operating with many other network protocols
* Covers both legacy and cutting-edge technologies
* Authors are respected in the field for their teaching and training development skills in network troubleshooting
Tools for monitoring system suitability in LC MS/MS centric proteomic experiments (2014)

With advances in liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry technologies combined with the continued goals of biomarker discovery, clinical applications of established biomarkers, and integrating large multiomic datasets (i.e. "big data"), there remains an urgent need for robust tools to assess instrument performance (i.e. system suitability) in proteomic workflows. To this end, several freely available tools have been introduced that monitor a number of peptide identification (ID) and/or peptide ID free metrics. Peptide ID metrics include numbers of proteins, peptides, or peptide spectral matches identified from a complex mixture. Peptide ID free metrics include retention time reproducibility, full width half maximum, ion injection times, and integrated peptide intensities. The main driving force in the development of these tools is to monitor both intra- and interexperiment performance variability and to identify sources of variation. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate these tools based on versatility, automation, vendor neutrality, metrics monitored, and visualization capabilities. In addition, the implementation of a robust system suitability workflow is discussed in terms of metrics, type of standard, and frequency of evaluation along with the obstacles to overcome prior to incorporating a more proactive approach to overall quality control in liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry based proteomic workflows.
CAN for critical embedded automotive networks (2002)

The controller area network protocol offers flexibility in safety-critical automotive system design. the benefits of using already established specifications will aid automotive system designers in X-by-wire development.
Submicromolar La3+ concentrations block the calcium release-activated channel, and impair CD69 and CD25 expression in CD3- or thapsigargin-activated Jurkat cells (1996)

The calcium release-activated channel (CRAC) opened in Jurkat cells activated either with CD3 monoclonal antibody or the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase blocker, thapsigargin, is blocked by La3+ with an IC50 of 20 nM. Similarly, the entry of Mn2+, used as a surrogate for Ca2+, is also blocked by submicromolar La3+ concentrations. La3+ seems to play its role simply by plugging the CRAC because this ion does not penetrate the cells, as demonstrated by chelation experiments with EGTA. Blocking the Ca2+ influx in activated Jurkat cells results in a lack of expression of CD25, a chain of the interleukin-2 receptor and of CD69, a marker of T-cell activation. By contrast, the very early steps of the T-cell signalling pathway such as the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and the subsequent inhibition of phosphatidylserine synthesis are not affected by La3+.
On feasible regions of lamination parameters for lay-up optimization of laminated composites (2008)

The stiffness tensors of a laminated composite may be expressed as a linear function of material invariants and lamination parameters. Owing to the nature of orienting unidirectional laminae ply by ply, lamination parameters, which are trigonometric functions of the ply orientation, are interrelated. In optimization studies, lamination parameters are often treated as independent design variables constrained by inequality relationships to feasible regions that depend on their values. The relationships between parameters enclose a convex feasible region of lamination parameters which is generally unknown. The convexity properties allow the efficient optimization of laminated composite structures where lamination parameters are used as design variables. Herein, a two-level method is presented to determine the feasible regions of lamination parameters where potential ply orientations are a predefined finite set. At the first level, the feasible region of the in-plane, coupling and out-of-plane lamination parameters is determined separately using convex hulls. At the second level, a nonlinear algebraic identity is used to relate the in-plane, coupling and out-of-plane lamination parameters to each other. This general approach yields all constraints on the feasible regions of lamination parameters for a predefined set of ply orientations.
Efficiency of different hybridization methods in single crosses or rice for pure line breeding (2008)

Hybridization efficiency of two crossing methods (involving emasculation by hot water or by anther aspiration), was determined in rice. Quantitative comparisons between crossing methods for pure line breeding are scarce and the objectives of this work were to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of emasculation methods, and to determine an adequate temperature for hot water emasculation. Hot water emasculation at a temperature suitable to each variety (followed by panicle pollination) achieved a higher percentage of hybrid F1 plants (54.6%) than anther aspiration (8.4%), but significantly more seed set was obtained after anther aspiration (31.5%) than after hot water immersion (16.5%). The easiest and quickest emasculation method was the immersion in hot water of panicles from detached rooted tillers.
Improved reliability-based decision support methodology applicable in system-level failure diagnosis and prognosis (2014)

Reliability modeling and troubleshooting reasoning involving complex component interactions in complex systems are an active research topic and a critical challenge to be overcome in decision support. In this paper, we propose an innovative concept of decision support methodology for system failure diagnosis and prognosis in complex systems. Advanced causal structure, incorporating domain and engineering knowledge, and a new Bayesian network (BN) representation of system structure and component interaction are proposed. Based on the BN representation, a Bayesian framework is developed to analyze and fuse the multisource information from different hierarchical levels of a system. This capability supports higher-fidelity modeling and assessing of the reliability of the components, the subsystems, and the system as a whole. The feasibility of our advanced causal structure approach has been proven with implementation using test data acquired from electromechanical actuator systems. A case study is successfully conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The proposed decision support process in integrated system health management will enable enhancements in flight safety and condition-based maintenance by increasing availability and mission effectiveness while reducing maintenance costs.
Text Structure Analysis as a Tool to Make Retrieved Documents Usable (1999)

This paper describes an information retrieval system with the function to support user&apos;s use of the retrieved documents using the text-level structure of documents. The text-level structure of each document is described by the occurrence of typical functional components in the text. Automatic detection of the components has been attempted in previous works using surface-level language processing. The proposed system firstly utilizes the text structure to conduct high-precision searches of documents or passages by distinguishing the role or function each concept plays in the text. It also allows browsing or skimming of retrieved texts, creating summaries on-the-fly with various levels of condensation specified by the user. Moreover, the system can search and display any unit of a text such as a sentence, a paragraph or a chapter. Comparison of relevant passages in retrieved documents across multiple texts is helpful for users to examine, analyze, compare and integrate texts and...