gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Additions of Enantio‐Enriched (γ‐Alkoxyallyl) stannanes to α‐Alkoxy Aldehydes: A Synthetic Route to Carbohydrates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantitative Detection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> DNA in Blood To Diagnose Bacteremia in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (2007)

Direct detection of bacterial DNA in blood offers a fast alternative to blood culture and is presumably unaffected by the prior use of antibiotics. We evaluated the performance of two real-time PCR assays for the quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and for Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia directly in blood samples, without prior cultivation. Whole-blood samples for PCR were obtained simultaneously with blood cultures from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of our hospital. After the extraction of DNA from 200 mul of blood, real-time PCR was performed for the specific detection and quantification of S. aureus and E. faecalis DNA. The sensitivity for bacteremia of the S. aureus PCR was 75% and that of the E. faecalis PCR was 73%, and both tests had high specificity values (93 and 96%, respectively). PCR amplification reactions were positive for S. aureus for 10 (7%) blood samples with negative blood cultures, and 7 (4%) PCR reactions were positive for E. faecalis. The majority of these PCR results were likely (50%) or possibly (42%) related to infection with the specific microorganism, based on clinical data and radiological and microbiological investigations. PCR results were concordant for 95% of paired whole-blood samples, and blood culture results were concordant for 97% of the paired samples. We conclude that the detection of S. aureus and E. faecalis DNA in blood by real-time PCR enables a rapid diagnosis of bacteremia and that a positive DNAemia is related to proven or possible infection with the specific microorganism in the majority of patients with negative blood cultures.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR KENNTNIS VON DITHIOCARBOXYLAT‐KOMPLEXEN DES MANGANS UND RHENIUMS (1971)

Abstract Unter strengstem Sauerstoffausschluß reagiert Schwefelkohlenstoff beim Erhitzen im Einschlußrohr mit den Organometallcarbonylen (I), (IV), (VI) und (VIII) unter CS 2 ‐Einschiebung in die Metall‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindung zu den Dithiocarboxylaten (II), (V), (VII) und (IX).
Cyclisation of farnesyl pyrophosphate to γ-bisabolene in tissue cultures of Andrographis paniculata (1982)

Tissue Cultures of Andrographis paniculate transform trans,trans-[1-3H2; 12,13-14C2]farnesy pyrophosphate, and (3R,5R)- and (3R,5S)-(5-3H)-mevalonolactones into Z-γ-bisabolene without tritium loss; the absolute configuration of paniculide B (7a) has been determined by an X-ray crystal structure determination of its bis-p-bropmobenzoate.
Genome-Wide Expression Patterns in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : Comparison of Drug Treatments and Genetic Alterations Affecting Biosynthesis of Ergosterol (2000)

Enzymes in the ergosterol-biosynthetic pathway are the targets of a number of antifungal agents including azoles, allylamines, and morpholines. In order to understand the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to perturbations in the ergosterol pathway, genome-wide transcript profiles following exposure to a number of antifungal agents targeting ergosterol biosynthesis (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, and amorolfine) were obtained. These profiles were compared to the transcript profiles of strains containing deletions of one of the late-stage ergosterol genes: ERG2, ERG5, or ERG6. A total of 234 genes were identified as responsive, including the majority of genes from the ergosterol pathway. Expression of several responsive genes, including ERG25, YER067W, and YNL300W, was also monitored by PCR over time following exposure to ketoconazole. The kinetics of transcriptional response support the conditions selected for the microarray experiment. In addition to ergosterol-biosynthetic genes, 36 mitochondrial genes and a number of other genes with roles related to ergosterol function were responsive, as were a number of genes responsive to oxidative stress. Transcriptional changes related to heme biosynthesis were observed in cells treated with chemical agents, suggesting an additional effect of exposure to these compounds. The expression profile in response to a novel imidazole, PNU-144248E, was also determined. The concordance of responsive genes suggests that this compound has the same mode of action as other azoles. Thus, genome-wide transcript profiles can be used to predict the mode of action of a chemical agent as well as to characterize expression changes in response to perturbation of a metabolic pathway.
SOIL REFLECTANCE AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING PHYSICAL CRUST ARRANGEMENT OF FOUR TYPICAL SOILS IN ISRAEL (2004)

Investigation of soil structural crust reflectance across the NIR-SWIR spectral region was conducted to account for the possibility of remotely sensed soil crust-related properties such as water infiltration. The raindrop energy disintegrates the soil aggregates and rearranges soil particles within the structural crust of the upper soil layer. The generation of structural crust affects the physical properties of the soil and can be identified by significant color changes on the soil’s surface. Spectral differences observed on the crusted soil are caused by the rearrangement of texture and clay minerals during raindrop events. In this study, four soils were subjected to increasing levels of raindrop energy in a rain simulator device with their reflectances measured concurrently. Two wavelengths representing particle size arrangement and clay content at 1.7 μm and 2.2 μm, respectively, were used to generate a dynamic chart of the crust formation. Soil mineralogy was found to be a major factor in the crust formation. In the clayey soils, two identical stages were identified: decreased albedo at 1.7 μm and an increase in the 2.2 μm absorption features. By employing this technique, a washing out of clay from the crust zone over the high raindrop energy was observed. However, in sandy soil, the predominant quartz particles created a different pattern. Because the coarse quartz particles reflect more energy, reverse reciprocal relationships with clay enrichment were found. Based on the relationship between raindrop energy and water infiltration rate (IR), a spectral model for predicting the IR was constructed. Three spectral domains were examined: reflectance (R), the first derivative of the reflectance (R’), and the ratio between reflectance of a given treatment and the reflectance of the non-crusted fog treated soil (R/Rfog). A significant relationship was discovered between the IR and the reflectance properties (R’ and ratio), suggesting clay content as the significant indicator of crust status. The results of this study show that soil reflectance can shed light on the structural crusting process. It is further suggested that this methodology may be used as well at high signal to noise ratios, employing airborne and space-borne hyperspectral sensors.
Serological and biochemical analysis of the Pl<sup>A1</sup> alloantigen of human platelets (1982)

A solid phase platelet antibody assay has been developed which rapidly and sensitively detects PlA1 antibodies. The three-step assay is performed by: (1) adhering platelets to the wheels of a microtitre plate, (2) incubating the platelets with test serum, and (3) adding radiolabelled Staphylococcal protein A which binds to the Fc domain of IgG antibodies. Immune reactions are detected by overnight autoradiography. Characterization of the PlA1 antigen was performed by using PlA1 antisera in immune precipitation assays. A 90 000 dalton molecular weight species was precipitated from PlA1 positive human and dog platelets.
Use of Human Patient Simulation-Based Training to Teach Interdisciplinary Team Skills in a Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum. (2007)

BACKGROUND: High fidelity human patient simulators (HPS) are capable of both simulating realistic patient encounters and giving real-time, physiologically accurate feedback. Such an immersive, realistic training environment provides an opportunity for experiential learning in a patient-safety oriented manner. HPS has been used for interdisciplinary training in medicine and nursing training programs but has not seen widespread use in pharmacy training programs. PURPOSE: To determine student acceptance of a human patient simulation (HPS)–based training module focused on interdisciplinary teamwork skills. METHOD: During the second year of training, all pharmacy students were concurrently enrolled in Principles of Pharmacotherapy 4: Cardiovascular Diseases and Patient Care Lab IV, a problem-based learning course that focused on interpersonal and systems-based practice skills. As part of the Patient Care Lab, students participated in a one-hour HPS-based simulation of an acutely ill patient with a hypertensive emergency. During the simulated case, students took a history and performed a physical exam on the mannequin. They were then prompted by nursing and physician staff to make treatment recommendations, including calculating drip rates and making suggestions for monitoring and ancillary testing. Following the simulated exercise, a facilitated debriefing session occurred. Students completed evaluation surveys to assess the quality and effectiveness of the session. RESULTS: All students (n=73) completed the training and filled out a post-simulation evaluation survey (100% compliance). Over 98% of students agreed or strongly agreed that they learned material relevant to their practice as a pharmacist. When compared to student lectures, 90% of students felt that they learned clinical patient care better with a simulated patient scenario. Over 90% of students reported that, if given the choice, they would like to participate in similar exercises in the future. CONCLUSIONS: HPS-based learning offers a realistic training experience through which clinical knowledge and interpersonal, teamwork skills can be taught while reinforcing basic concepts of pharmacotherapy. Students enjoy the experience and find it relevant to their future practice. This teaching modality may help educators target the need for interdisciplinary training and experiential learning, key areas of focus in the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) recommendations for pharmacy education. Further work is necessary to determine how to best implement this new technology for both training and assessment.
A novel<i>β</i>‐sheet breaker, RS‐0406, reverses amyloid<i>β</i>‐induced cytotoxicity and impairment of long‐term potentiation<i>in vitro</i> (2002)

Fibril formation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is considered to be responsible for the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Abeta fibril is formed by a protein misfolding process in which intermolecular beta-sheet interactions become stabilized abnormally. Thus, to develop potential anti-AD drugs, we screened an in-house library to find compounds which have a profile as a beta-sheet breaker. We searched for a beta-sheet breaker profile in an in-house library of approximately 113,000 compounds. From among the screening hits, we focused on N,N'-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyridazine-3,6-diamine (named RS-0406), which had been newly synthesized in our laboratory. This compound (10-100 microg ml(-1)) was found to be capable of significantly inhibiting 25 microM Abeta(1-42) fibrillogenesis and, furthermore, disassembling preformed Abeta(1-42) fibrils in vitro. 3 We then investigated the effect of RS-0406 on 111 nM Abeta(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons, and found that 0.3-3 microg ml(-1) RS-0406 ameliorates the cytotoxicity. Moreover, 3 microg ml(-1) RS-0406 reversed 1 micro M Abeta(1-42)-induced impairment of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. 4 In this study, we have succeeded in identifying RS-0406 which has potential to inhibit Abeta(1-42) fibrillogenesis, and to protect neurons against Abeta(1-42)-induced biological toxicity in vitro. These results suggest that RS-0406 or one of the derivatives could become a therapeutic agent for AD patients.
STEREOCHEMICAL AND MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATIONS OF S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE (ACETYLENIC ADENOSINE) (1986)

S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase (SAHase) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and homocysteine in an addition-elimination mechanism. This mechanism could follow one of four possible stereochemical pathways. To distinguish between possible pathways, 5'(R)-(5'-('2)H(,1))-adenosine, 5'(S)-(5'-('2)H(,1))-adenosine, 5'(R)-(5'('2)H(,1))-SAH, 5'(S)-(5'('2)H(,1))-SAH, (E)-(5'-('2)H(,1))-4',5'-dehydro-5'-deoxyadenosine, and (Z)-(5'-('2)H(,1))-4',5'-dehydro-5'-deoxyadenosine were chemically synthesized. SAHase was isolated from calf liver. Incubation of the stereospecifically deuterated adenosines and homocysteine with SAHase gave SAH with retention of configuration at C-5'. Addition of homocysteine to the (E) and (Z) isomers of (5'-('2)H(,1))-4',5'-dehydro-5'-deoxyadenosine by SAHase occurred with syn geometry. Therefore, the overall reaction is a syn elimination-syn addition process, indicating a single base mechanism.\nA variety of nucleoside analogs have been shown to inactivate SAHase. Several different mechanisms of inactivation have been suggested. However, none of the inactivators appear to be suicide substrates. Analogous to the reaction of 3-decynoyl-S-NAC with (beta)-hydroxy decanoyl dehydrase, an acetylenic derivative of adenosine would be expected to undergo propargylic rearrangement upon activation by SAHase. The synthesis of acetylenic adenosine is described, as well as the radiolabelled 2-('3)H -acetylenic adenosine and 6'-('3)H -acetylenic adenosine. The irreversible inhibition of acetylenic adenosine on SAHase is dependent on both time and inhibitor concentration. The K(,i) was determined to be 173 nM. Binding studies conducted with radiolabelled acetylenic adenosine showed a binding stoichiometry of 4 moles of acetylenic adenosine per mole tetrameric enzyme.\nAristeromycin is one of the better inactivators of SAHase. Binding studies between biosynthetically prepared 2-('3)H -aristeromycin and SAHase were conducted. A binding stoichiometry of 2.5 moles aristeromycin per tetrameric enzyme was determined.
A Remote Sensor Method for Determining Average Tool-Chip Interface Temperatures in Metal Cutting (1967)

This paper shows the development of a mathematical model for determining the average interface temperatures when using a remote sensor. The accuracy of the remote sensor technique was greatly improved by introducing an insulator between the tool and tool-holder. The presence of the insulator provided boundary conditions which enabled a numerical solution to the set of equations representing heat flow and temperature distribution. The model was compared experimentally with a tool-chip thermocouple, and agreement of the order of ± 6 percent was observed. The model can be used not only to determine the average tool-chip interface temperature, but the temperature distribution of the overall tool. The developed model proved to be somewhat insensitive to physical constants and the surrounding environment. Its use as a practical, accurate method for determining cutting temperatures is possible without the need for calibrating tool-chip thermocouples, complicated experimental setups, tedious iterative calculations, over-generalized assumptions, and unavailable physical constants for tools and work materials.
Fuel Cell Performance and Long Term Stability of Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Transglutaminase from <i>Streptomyces mobaraensis</i> is activated by an endogenous metalloprotease (2003)

Streptomyces mobaraensis secretes a Ca2+-independent transglutaminase (TGase) that is activated by removing an N-terminal peptide from a precursor protein during submerged culture in a complex medium [Pasternack, R., Dorsch, S., Otterbach, J. T., Robenek, I. R., Wolf, S. & Fuchsbauer, H.-L. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. 257, 570-576]. However, an activating protease could not be identified, probably because of the presence of a 14-kDa protein (P14) belonging to the Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor family. In contrast, if the microorganism was allowed to grow on a minimal medium, several soluble proteases were extracted, among them the TGase-activating protease (TAMEP). TAMEP was purified by sequential chromatography on DEAE- and Arg-Sepharose and used to determine the cleavage site of TGase. It was clearly shown that the peptide bond between Phe(-4) and Ser(-5) was hydrolyzed, indicating that at least one additional peptidase is necessary to complete TGase processing, even if TAMEP cleavage was sufficient to obtain total activity. Sequence analysis from the N-terminus of TAMEP revealed the close relationship to a zinc endo-protease from S. griseus. The S. griseus protease differs from other members of the M4 protease family, such as thermolysin, in that it may be inhibited by the Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. P14 likewise inhibits TAMEP in approximately equimolar concentrations, suggesting its important role in regulating TGase activity.
Treatment modalities for caries management, including a new resin infiltration system. (2009)

Seemingly against all odds, dental caries still affects most people in the US. While fluoridated products, school-based screening and cleaning programs, better patient education, and professional and chemotherapeutic interventions have all impacted certain populations, caries is still the most prevalent chronic childhood disease and continues to affect a high percentage of adolescents, young and middle-aged adults, and seniors. Much research has proven that dental caries is not just an occasional cycle of cavitation but a complex and infectious disease process. Historically, addressing the caries challenge has relied on prevention and restoration, with no intermediary means to stop lesion progression. Recently, a technique called caries infiltration was introduced that fills the noncavitated pores of an incipient lesion with a low-viscosity resin by capillary action, creating a barrier that blocks further bacterial diffusion and lesion development. This microinvasive method for stabilizing early lesions requires no drilling or anesthesia and does not alter the tooth's anatomic shape. In cases of white spot lesions in the esthetic zone, it also eliminates opaqueness and blends with surrounding natural teeth. This article presents an overview of caries prevention initiatives and a case demonstrating the new caries infiltration technique. Combined with shifting the focus to caries risk assessment, this promising technology may prove to be a significant addition to the profession's caries treatment armamentarium.
Temperature Controlled Laser Joining of Aluminum to Galvanized Steel (2016)

Reliable joining of 6000 series aluminum alloy to galvanized steel is a challenge for current manufacturing technologies. To control and limit the formation of brittle intermetallic phases, mixing of both metals in liquid state has to be avoided. It has been shown that laser weld-brazing is a possible process. Thereby the aluminum and zinc layer of the galvanized steel are molten and the steel remains solid during the process. In addition, to avoid zinc degassing, the aluminum melt bath temperature has to be below zinc boiling temperature of 907°C. To meet these requirements a temperature controlled laser process was developed, allowing to join the two materials without flux and filler material. The thickness of the intermetallic layer shows a dependency on the set temperature used to control the process. At optimum set temperature the thickness of intermetallic phases can be limited to about 5 μm. Tensile strengths of the joints of up to 75% of the aluminum base material were achieved.
Randomized multicenter phase III trial of trabectedin (T) versus doxorubicin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with translocation-related sarcoma (TRS). (2012)

TPS10101 Background: One third of sarcoma histotypes have specific chromosomal translocations which result in abnormal transcription factors, integral to the change to a malignant phenotype. T is the first of a new class of anti-tumor agents with a transcription-targeted mechanism of action. In vitro evidence exists of the ability of T to interfere with the aberrant transcription factor’s binding to DNA promoters in TRS. Patients with TRS, such as myxoid/round cell liposarcomas (MRCL) have benefited from long-lasting tumor control in response to T. Methods: A randomized, phase III study of T (1.5 mg/m 2 in 24-h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks [q3wk]) vs doxorubicin 75 mg/m 2 q3wk, or doxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 with ifosfamide 6-9 g/m 2 q3wk) as first line treatment in patients with advanced TRS. Primary aim: to determine the efficacy of T vs doxorubicin-based therapy by comparing progression-free survival (PFS) in each arm. Secondary aims: comparison of PFS rates at six months, response rate (RR), PFS and RR by histological type (MRCL vs other subtypes), overall survival, safety, exploratory response evaluation by Choi criteria and pharmacogenomic analyses. Patients with confirmed TRS of the following subtypes: MRCL, alveolar soft part sarcoma,angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma,myxoid chondrosarcoma and synovial sarcoma, are stratified by performance status (PS 0 vs 1-2) and sarcoma subtype (MRCL vs other subtypes) and randomized (1:1 ratio) to T or doxorubicin ± ifosfamide. Confirmation of the translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization is compulsory for inclusion in the primary efficacy analysis. An adaptive design was chosen to test the reduction in relative risk of progression or death with T, an interim analysis will be conducted with 45 PFS events from 80 evaluable patients. To date 117 patients have been enrolled from six countries and 29 centers. An independent data monitoring committee met on 15 November 2011 and concluded that the trial should continue as planned.
Anti-Borrelia burgdorferi immunoglobulin seroprevalence in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a negative report (1997)

The aetiology of sarcoidosis is still unknown. An infectious microorganism as causal agent for this disease could not be identified, but high titres of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were detected in Chinese studies implying a causality with this disease. These findings, however, could not be reproduced by other researchers. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the possible role of these spirochetes in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis by serological examinations. Sixty sera of patients suffering from sarcoidosis were examined for anti-B. burgdorferi immunoglobulin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISAs for these antibodies show a high sensitivity, but a low specificity; therefore, a specific immunoblot was used to confirm positive results. Initially, 8% of the patients were reactive in the ELISA, and 20% of these could be confirmed by immunoblot. Therefore, the prevalence for B. burgdorferi antibodies in sarcoidosis patients was 1.6%. This result did not differ significantly from the prevalence of B. burgdorferi antibodies in 1,000 regular blood donors of the city of Hamburg (7% reactive in the ELISA, 38% confirmed via immunoblot, prevalence 2.7%). The hypothesis of causality between a B. burgdorferi infection and sarcoidosis cannot be confirmed by this data.