gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Interpretation and Information Limits in Annular Dark-Field STEM Images (2000)

Abstract In making quantitative measurements using electron micrographs we must regard the electron microscope as being an information channel. The information about the object is both in some way transformed by the image forming process, and information is lost through the existence of a spatial resolution limit and the addition of noise. To make quantitative measurements, we need to take account of all these effects. Great progress has been made in making quantitative measurements from high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images (for example see Ref. [1]). However, the simulation of HRTEM images requires a full dynamical electron scattering calculation in addition to computing the effects of the objective lens aberrations. Although such calculations can provide excellent agreement with experimental data, the calculation times involved restrict the number of trial structure models that can be used, with the danger that such trial and error methods might miss the true object solution.
Touch behavior with different postures on soft smartphone keyboards (2012)

Text entry on smartphones is far slower and more error-prone than on traditional desktop keyboards, despite sophisticated detection and auto-correct algorithms. To strengthen the empirical and modeling foundation of smartphone text input improvements, we explore touch behavior on soft QWERTY keyboards when used with two thumbs, an index finger, and one thumb. We collected text entry data from 32 participants in a lab study and describe touch accuracy and precision for different keys. We found that distinct patterns exist for input among the three hand postures, suggesting that keyboards should adapt to different postures. We also discovered that participants' touch precision was relatively high given typical key dimensions, but there were pronounced and consistent touch offsets that can be leveraged by keyboard algorithms to correct errors. We identify patterns in our empirical findings and discuss implications for design and improvements of soft keyboards.
Non-stereospecific Formation of 3.ALPHA.,7.ALPHA.,24-Trihydroxy-5.BETA.-cholestan-26-oic Acid during Chenodeoxycholic Acid Biosynthesis. (1994)

Incubation of 3α, 7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oic acid and its Δ24- analog with rat liver homogenate produced a mixture of C-24, 25 diastereoisomers of 3α, 7α, 24-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oic acid, a key intermediate of chenodeoxycholic acid biosynthesis.
Analysis of a Joint Method Between Superconducting YBCO Coated Conductors (2007)

This paper deals with an analysis on the optimum lap joint method of the YBCO coated conductor (CC) wire. Effective low resistance joint is important for the development of persistent current mode system using the second generation high temperature superconducting (2G HTS) wire, YBCO CC. CC tape is stacked with copper or stainless steel stabilizer, silver layer, YBCO layer, buffer and substrate. The joint between CCs was performed with low temperature InBi solder. YBCO samples with various contact conditions were fabricated and tested. Characteristics of jointed CC tape were evaluated from the V-I curve and contact resistance was derived from experimental results. Characteristics of jointed CC were investigated by electrical analysis and optical micrograph. The BSCCO wires were jointed at different conditions, and the results were compared with the joint between the YBCO CCs.
Modeling of patient data transmission scheme over MPI based cluster (2011)

In devastating situations many people are affected and medical attention is required to multitude of persons at the same time. Several patients are transferred to hospitals through ambulances. Through MEDTOC system, the patient information can reach the hospitals before their arrival. Thus the doctors can advise the paramedics in the ambulance to stabilize the patients' conditions. The patient information may include ambulance number in which the patients are being carried, their identification and vital signs obtained from medical sensors inside the ambulances. In this paper, we discuss the simulation of MEDTOC over a MPI based Linux cluster and initial design of the central web portal.
Über Peptidsynthesen, II. Herstellung und Verwendung der Dicyclohexylammoniumsalze von Acylaminosäuren und Acylpeptiden (1961)

Abstract N ‐Carbobenzoxy‐, Formyl‐, tert.‐Butyloxycarbonyl‐, Phthalyl‐, Trifluoracetyl‐, Tosyl‐, p ‐Nitro‐carbobenzoxy‐, Cyclopentyloxycarbonyl‐ und Phenoxycarbonylaminosäuren können mit guter Ausbeute als leicht kristallisierbare Dicyclohexylammoniumsalze isoliert werden. Diese lassen sich direkt bei Peptidsynthesen einsetzen.
The housekeeping promoter from the mouse CpG island HTF9 contains multiple protein-binding elements that are functionally redundant (1991)

The mouse CpG-rich island HTF9 harbours the divergent RNA initiation sites shared by two genes that are both expressed in a housekeeping fashion. In this work we have analyzed the architecture of the HTF9 promoter. Gel shift assays were first employed to locate nuclear factor-binding sites within HTF9. Multiple protein-binding sites were identified across a 500 bp-long region, two of which appear to interact with novel factors. Deletion analysis was used to determine the requirements for the different sites in transient expression of a CAT reporter gene. Although multiple elements contributed to the overall promoter strength in each orientation, extensive deletions failed to affect the basal level of transcription from HTF9 in either direction. Thus, only a subset of elements is necessary to activate transcription from HTF9. Functional redundancy may be a general feature of housekeeping CpG-rich promoters.
Genetic Feminization of Brain Structures and Changed Sexual Orientation in Male <i>Drosophila</i> (1995)

The neural basis of sexual orientation in Drosophila was studied by the production of males with regionally feminized brains. Such flies express the female form of the sex determination gene transformer in a limited number of neurons under the control of GAL4 enhancer trap inserts. This method facilitated the creation of lines with a stable pattern of feminization. In tests of sexual preferences, flies that were feminized in a portion of the antennal lobes or in a subset of the corpora pedunculata (mushroom bodies) courted both males and females. These two brain structures, both of which are involved in olfactory processing, may function in the recognition of sex-specific pheromones, in the control of sex-specific behaviors, or both.
3206 Running performance analysis of steering bogie using independently rotating wheels with oblique axle (2013)

In the design of railway bogies, the compatibility between curving performance and running stability is important. Especially, there are a lot of tight curved sections in LRTs. Bogie with independently rotating wheels (IRW) could be useful to realize both curving performance and running stability. For example, EEF bogie and IRW with inverse tread conicity have been proposed. In this paper, a new-type IRW with oblique axle is proposed and the equation of motion is derived. Characteristics of hunting motion for the new-type IRW are investigated with the eigenvalue analysis. Furthermore, full vehicle model simulation with the new-type IRWs is conducted to evaluate curving performance of the proposed IRW.
Oregano: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Its Antimalarial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities (2011)

GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of 46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol (29.74%) and p-cymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum compactum. In these extracts, different chemical families were characterized: polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 21.2 to 858.3 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 12.4 to 510.3 g/kg), anthocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 0.38 to 5.63 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 14.5 to 54.7 g/kg). The samples (essential oil and extracts) were subjected to a screening for antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antimalarial activities and against human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC50=2±0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50=4.8±0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate extract showed the best results with an IC50 of 34 and 33 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The oregano essential oil was considered to be nontoxic.
Identification of intermediates in the bile acid synthetic pathway as ligands for the farnesoid X receptor (2004)

Bile acid synthesis from cholesterol is tightly regulated via a feedback mechanism mediated by the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor activated by bile acids. Synthesis via the classic pathway is initiated by a series of cholesterol ring modifications and followed by the side chain cleavage. Several intermediates accumulate or are excreted as end products of the pathway in diseases involving defective bile acid biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the ability of these intermediates to activate human FXR. In a cell-based reporter assay and coactivator recruitment assays in vitro, early intermediates possessing an intact cholesterol side chain were inactive, whereas 26- or 25-hydroxylated bile alcohols and C27 bile acids were highly efficacious ligands for FXR at a level comparable to that of the most potent physiological ligand, chenodeoxycholic acid. Treatment of HepG2 cells with these precursors repressed the rate-limiting cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA level and induced the small heterodimer partner and the bile salt export pump mRNA, indicating the ability to regulate bile acid synthesis and excretion. Because 26-hydroxylated bile alcohols and C27 bile acids are known to be evolutionary precursors of bile acids in mammals, our findings suggest that human FXR may have retained affinity to these precursors during evolution.
Classroom Presenter: Enhancing Interactive Education with Digital Ink (2007)

Classroom Presenter is a Tablet PC-based interaction system that supports the sharing of digital ink on slides between instructors and students. Initial deployments show that using the technology can achieve a wide range of educational goals and foster a more participatory classroom environment.
The Development, Validation and Application of a Finite Element Upper Extremity Model Subjected to Air Bag Loading (2003)

Both frontal and side air bags can inflict injuries to the upper extremities in cases where the limb is close to the air bag module at the time of impact. Current dummy limbs show qualitatively correct kinematics under air bag loading, but they lack biofidelity in long bone bending and fracture. Thus, an effective research tool is needed to investigate the injury mechanisms involved in air bag loading and to judge the improvements of new air bag designs. The objective of this study is to create an efficient numerical model that exhibits both correct global kinematics as well as localized tissue deformation and initiation of fracture under various impact conditions. The development of the model includes the creation of a sufficiently accurate finite element mesh, the adaptation of material properties from literature into constitutive models and the definition of kinematic constraints at articular joint locations. In order to make the model applicable for full-scale simulations, it was coupled with a computationally efficient human model. The model was validated against available cadaver experiments, including static and dynamic three-point-bending tests to the arm and forearm, as well as frontal air bag to forearm impact tests. The sensitivity of the model to changes in air bag properties and upper limb orientation are demonstrated by performing parametric studies. It is shown that the risk of forearm fracture increases substantially with proximity to the deploying frontal air bag and air bag aggressiveness, which corresponds to experimental findings. However, it is shown that increasing the forearm supination angle is protective for the occurrence of forearm fracture. In conclusion, the developed model proves to be a useful research tool to investigate trends in injury severity as a result of a changing frontal air bag to upper extremity loading environment.
A cryostat for use with a torque magnetometer down to 4$middot$2$deg$K (1968)

A description is given of a liquid-helium cryostat and associated apparatus which permits a torque magnetometer designed by Birss and Wallis to be used at any temperature between 4·2°K and room temperature. The cryostat operates by heat exchange between the specimen and helium vapour, and its performance in relation to specimen temperature and rate of boil-off of helium gas is also described.
Testicular Immune Privilege Promotes Transplantation Tolerance by Altering the Balance between Memory and Regulatory T Cells (2005)

Immune responses are suppressed in immunologically privileged sites, which may provide a unique opportunity to prolong allograft survival. However, it is unknown whether testicular immune privilege promotes transplantation tolerance. Mechanisms underlying immune privilege are also not well understood. Here we found that islet transplantation in the testis, an immunologically privileged site, generates much less memory CD8(+) T cells but induces more Ag-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells than in a conventional site. These CD4(+)CD25(+) cells exhibited the suppression of alloimmune responses in vivo and in vitro. Despite the immune regulation, intratesticular islet allografts all were rejected within 42 days after transplantation although they survived longer than renal subcapsular islet allografts. However, blocking CD40/CD40L costimulation induced the tolerance of intratesticular, but not renal subcapsular, islet allografts. Tolerance to intratesticular islet allografts spread to skin allografts in the non-privileged sites. Either transfer of memory CD8(+) T cells or deletion of CD25(+) T cells in vivo broke islet allograft tolerance. Thus, transplantation tolerance requires both costimulatory blockade, which suppresses acute allograft rejection, and a favorable balance between memory and regulatory T cells that could favorably prevent late allograft failure. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of immune privilege and provide direct evidence that testicular immune privilege fosters the induction of transplantation tolerance to allografts in both immunologically privileged and non-privileged sites.
Improving Silicon Surface Passivation with a Silicon Oxide Layer Grown via Ozonated Deionized Water (2017)

Passivation quality of silicon nitride (SiNx), aluminum oxide (AlOx) and a stack of AlOx/SiNx has been investigated in the presence and absence of a thin silicon oxide (SiOx) layer formed using ozonated deionized water. Lifetime measurements show ≈3ms effective carrier lifetime (τeff) for the stack of AlOx/SiNx in the presence of the oxide. Low saturation current density (Jo) and interfacial trap density (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ) confirm and explain the high τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> for this sample. The stack of AlOx/SiNx can offer excellent surface passivation because of both field-effect passivation and chemical passivation. Note that the presence of oxide also shows a crucial impact in achieving a good passivation.
Simulation of the solubility of alkanes in polyethylene (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimulation of the solubility of alkanes in polyethyleneJ. J. de Pablo, M. Laso, and U. W. SuterCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 23, 6180–6183Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00075a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00075a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proof of principle experiment on minimizing propagation time in optical communications (2015)

We present an experimental realization of slow and fast light schemes for a few ns long optical pulses that makes use of incoherent interactions in an atomic medium. The combination of such different schemes allows us to demonstrate that the propagation delay acquired in the slow light stage, can be completely recovered in a fast light one. The use of an incoherent interactions scheme makes the control of the propagation dynamics of light pulses easer to realize. Delays up to 13 ns, in slow light regime, and advances up to 500 ps, in fast light regime, are reported when the stages work individually for a 3 ns long pulse. When both stages are switched-on the fast light stage is able to recover a previously induced delay and even to produce an extra advance, with an overall advance up to 1 ns. Since every optical transmission line needs an amplification system to overcome the unavoidable losses, the results suggest the opportunity and perspective of a proper tailoring of the amplification stage for data timing purposes.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of RNA-binding IMPs promote cell adhesion and invadopodia formation. (2006)

Oncofetal RNA-binding IMPs have been implicated in mRNA localization, nuclear export, turnover and translational control. To depict the cellular actions of IMPs, we performed a loss-of-function analysis, which showed that IMPs are necessary for proper cell adhesion, cytoplasmic spreading and invadopodia formation. Loss of IMPs was associated with a coordinate downregulation of mRNAs encoding extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins. The transcripts were present in IMP RNP granules, implying that IMPs were directly involved in the post-transcriptional control of the transcripts. In particular, we show that a 5.0 kb CD44 mRNA contained multiple IMP-binding sites in its 3'UTR, and following IMP depletion this species became unstable. Direct knockdown of the CD44 transcript mimicked the effect of IMPs on invadopodia, and we infer that CD44 mRNA stabilization may be involved in IMP-mediated invadopodia formation. Taken together, our results indicate that RNA-binding proteins exert profound effects on cellular adhesion and invasion during development and cancer formation. PMID: 16541107
Ionic Liquids III A: Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities (2005)

The application of some NMR techniques based on homonuclear 1H{1H}- and heteronuclear 1H{19F}-NOE are illustrated for the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim]+ [BF4]- in the presence of known amount of water. The experimental results on this model system provide information on cation-cation, cation-anion, water-cation and water-anion interactions. The results are discussed in terms of non-covalent C-H...O and C-H...F and O-H...F interactions. The results are compared to experimental and theoretical data taken from the most recent literature on similar systems.
Association of Rheumatologic Disease With Preeclampsia (2004)

Wolfberg, Adam J. MD, MPH; Lee-Parritz, Aviva MD; Peller, Alyson J. MPH; Lieberman, Ellice S. MD, RPH
A study of the bonding mechanism of sprayed coatings (1974)

The adhesive mechanism of plasma jet-sprayed nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten coatings on aluminum and mild steel substrates was investigated. The compositions of the boundary layers between the coatings and the substrates were studied using x-ray diffraction. Experiments on the bonding behavior between substrates and nickel drops heated by the levitation melting process were also performed. The results of the experiments show that: (i) the substrate surface is melted by the sprayed particles, and a boundary layer which consists of an intermetallic compound consisting of the elements of the coating and substrate materials is formed between the coating and the substrate; (ii) this layer is necessary to improve the adhesion between the sprayed coating and the substrate; (iii) the adhesive mechanism between the sprayed coating and the substrate surface and the composition of the boundary layer were confirmed by a liquid nickel-drop experiment.
Production and Analysis of Neurospheres from Acutely Dissociated and Postmortem CNS Specimens (2003)

For most of the history of neuroscience, it was widely believed, despite isolated reports to the contrary (), that de novo generation of neurons in the mammalian CNS did not persist past perinatal development. It was not until the last decade of the twentieth century that the existence, within the CNS of fully developed mammals, of a persistent germinal zone containing neural stem cells (NSCs) with the capacity to differentiate into both neurons and glia became widely accepted (). It is now known that in vivo genesis of new neurons occurs throughout life, and is restricted primarily to the periventricular subependymal zone (SEZ), which generates neurons destined for the olfactory bulb, and the subgranular layer of the hippocampus, which generates neurons destined for the dentate gyrus (,).
Immunoblot analysis of the serological response in hantavirus infections (1989)

Sera from patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) or Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) were tested for specific antibody response to antigens of Hällnäs virus and Hantaan virus strain 76-118. A Vero E6 derived cell line persistently infected with Hällnäs virus strain B1, and Vero E6 cells freshly infected with Hantaan virus type strain 76-118 were used as antigens in the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the immunoblot. Blots were prepared from whole cell lysates. The convalescent-phase sera of NE patients tested in this study regularly revealed a marked reaction with a 52 kilodalton (Kd) protein of Hällnäs virus and a 50 Kd protein of Hantaan virus. A convalescent serum from a patient with Korean hemorrhagic fever and a rat antiserum against Hantaan virus could recognize the 50 Kd band of Hantaan virus but showed no apparent reactivity with the 52 Kd component of Hällnäs virus in the standard dilutions. Some sera could additionally identify minor bands in the 55 Kd and/or 67 Kd region of the blots. A one-way cross reactivity between Hantaan and Hällnäs viruses was also evident from the results of the immunofluorescence assays in that NE convalescent sera reacted with both viruses, whereas KHF convalescent or anti-Hantaan sera gave strongly positive results with Hantaan virus but only faint reaction with Hällnäs virus.