gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The anisotropy of R sub 2 Fe sub 17 C sub x (R=Sm and Tm) (1991)

The temperature dependence of the anisotropy field of Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17}C{sub {ital x}} and Tm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17}C{sub {ital x}} has been determined over the entire uniaxial ferro- or ferrimagnetic temperature range using the singularity point detection technique. The temperature dependence of the ac initial susceptibility was measured on these two systems from 4.2 to 300 K. The Curie temperature, lattice constants, spin-reorientation temperature (of Tm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17}C{sub {ital x}}) and the magnetic anisotropy field are increasing with increasing carbon concentration. A magnetic-phase-like transition'' is observed in Sm{sub 2}Fe{sub 17}C{sub {ital x}} for {ital x}{lt}0.7 at low temperatures, which is proved not to be a spin reorientation. Additionally, the transition temperature increases systematically with increasing carbon concentration. However, the nature of this transition is not yet well understood.
Finite Difference Modeling of Wave Progpagation in Acoustic Tilted TI Media (2005)

Based on an acoustic assumption (shear wave velocity is zero) and a dispersion relation, we derive an acoustic wave equation for P-waves in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media (transversely isotropic media with a tilted symmetry axis).This equation has fewer parameters than an elastic wave equation in TTI media and yields an accurate description of P-wave traveltimes and spreading-related attenuation.Our TTI acoustic wave equation is a fourth-order equation in time and space.We demonstrate that the acoustic approximation allows the presence of shear waves in the solution.The substantial differences in traveltime and amplitude between data created using VTI and TTI assumptions is illustrated in examples.
Heterosynthon mediated tailored synthesis of pharmaceutical complexes: a solid-state NMR approach (2011)

Based on crystal engineering principles, we have explored the predictability of resulting structures of a multi-component pharmaceutical model complex derived from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA) and quinidine, an anti-malarial constituent of Cinchona tree bark. Though the obtained complex is stabilized by a slightly different set of charge-assisted heterosynthons as proposed, the applied concept was efficient in predicting the salt formation. The salt 1 crystallizes in a monoclinic space group [P21 (no. 4), Z = 8, a = 6.914 Å, b = 36.197 Å, c = 9.476 Å and β = 92.126], where the asymmetric unit is comprised of two quinidine and two 4HBA molecules. In addition, a micro-crystalline, less-defined sample of 1 was obtained from rapid co-crystallization in ethanol and successfully identified via both infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear solid-state NMR. The interpretation of the obtained NMR data was supported by DFT quantum-chemical computations while illustrating options of “NMR crystallography”.
Perovskites and metal nitrides as catalysts in the base-catalysed aldol addition of isobutyraldehyde to formaldehyde (2016)

Hydroxypivaldehyde represents an important intermediate in the production of neopentyl glycol, which in turn is widely applied in the production of <italic>e.g.</italic> polyesters, plasticizers, synthetic resin paints and lubricants.
Gene Expansion Shapes Genome Architecture in the Human Pathogen Lichtheimia corymbifera: An Evolutionary Genomics Analysis in the Ancient Terrestrial Mucorales (Mucoromycotina) (2014)

Lichtheimia species are the second most important cause of mucormycosis in Europe. To provide broader insights into the molecular basis of the pathogenicity-associated traits of the basal Mucorales, we report the full genome sequence of L. corymbifera and compared it to the genome of Rhizopus oryzae, the most common cause of mucormycosis worldwide. The genome assembly encompasses 33.6 MB and 12,379 protein-coding genes. This study reveals four major differences of the L. corymbifera genome to R. oryzae: (i) the presence of an highly elevated number of gene duplications which are unlike R. oryzae not due to whole genome duplication (WGD), (ii) despite the relatively high incidence of introns, alternative splicing (AS) is not frequently observed for the generation of paralogs and in response to stress, (iii) the content of repetitive elements is strikingly low (<5%), (iv) L. corymbifera is typically haploid. Novel virulence factors were identified which may be involved in the regulation of the adaptation to iron-limitation, e.g. LCor01340.1 encoding a putative siderophore transporter and LCor00410.1 involved in the siderophore metabolism. Genes encoding the transcription factors LCor08192.1 and LCor01236.1, which are similar to GATA type regulators and to calcineurin regulated CRZ1, respectively, indicating an involvement of the calcineurin pathway in the adaption to iron limitation. Genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors are elevated up to 11 copies compared to the 1-4 copies usually found in other fungi. More findings are: (i) lower content of tRNAs, but unique codons in L. corymbifera, (ii) Over 25% of the proteins are apparently specific for L. corymbifera. (iii) L. corymbifera contains only 2/3 of the proteases (known to be essential virulence factors) in comparison to R. oryzae. On the other hand, the number of secreted proteases, however, is roughly twice as high as in R. oryzae.
Abstract 900: Computing tumor growth rate across pre- and post-treatment periods uncovers anti-tumor activity in patients treated by a pan-CDK inhibitor (BAY1000394) (2014)

Abstract Background: Recent studies suggest that tumor shrinkage as measured by RECIST 1.1 criteria may not be adequate to assess early signs of anti-tumor activity in phase I trials. The value of Tumor Growth Rate (TGR) evaluation in this context has been suggested. Methods: We analyzed the TGR of solid tumors from patients prospectively enrolled in a dose-escalation phase I trial investigating the pan-CDK inhibitor BAY1000394 on a 3 days on/4 days off 21 day treatment cycle. Only patients who had tumor imaging evaluation at least one month before the onset of the experimental treatment, a baseline tumor imaging, and at least one tumor evaluation after 2 cycles of treatment were eligible. Patient consent was obtained prior to analysis. We computed the TGR across the pre- (REFERENCE) and post-treatment (EXPERIMENTAL) evaluation, as described by Ferté et al (Clin Cancer Res, 2013) and compared these results to RECIST-based response evaluation. Each patient was used as his/her own control.Results: A total of twelve patients were eligible for both RECIST and TGR evaluation. At the time of first evaluation, 9 patients were classified as progressive disease (PD) and 3 as stable disease (SD) using RECIST. Conversely, TGR decreased in 6 out of 12 patients (median: - 9.8 %; CI 95% - 27.4 to 2.3), suggesting antitumor activity by the investigational drug. However, these 6 patients were classified as PD due to the occurrence of new lesions and then discontinued from the trial. They had small cell lung, colorectal, thymic, and bladder cancer. Interestingly, two patients suffering from ovary adenocarcinoma with durable SD (10 treatment cycles) had almost no tumor growth rate change between the REFERENCE and the EXPERIMENTAL period, suggesting no anti-tumor activity, and could potentially have been discontinued earlier from the trial. Conclusion: Computing the variation of TGR in the context of a phase 1 trial investigating a pan-CDK inhibitor reveals early signs of antitumor activity in specific patients, not previously identified by RECIST. Its use to guide the “go/no go” decision-making in the early drug development context is promising. Citation Format: Antoine Hollebecque, Charles Ferte, Gerard Nitenberg, Mathieu Felices, Alexandre Durand-Salmon, Matthias Ocker, Jean-Charles Soria. Computing tumor growth rate across pre- and post-treatment periods uncovers anti-tumor activity in patients treated by a pan-CDK inhibitor (BAY1000394). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 900. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-900
Transmethylation reactions are required for initial morphologic and biochemical responses of human monocytes to chemoattractants. (1981)

Transmethylation reactions mediated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine are required for the chemotaxis of mononuclear leukocytes. It is not yet known, however, whether methylation reactions participate in the initial transduction of the chemotactic signals that lead to the alterations in cellular morphology required for chemotaxis and/or whether they are necessary for the subsequent biochemical events needed for sustained directed migration. We therefore investigated the effects of inhibiting methylation on 2 early responses induced by chemoattractant-receptor occupancy in human monocytes; the rapid morphologic alteration from round to a triangular, motile cell configuration (polarization) and the release of [3H]-arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Both of these initial responses to 3 types of chemoattractants were severely depressed in monocytes treated with the methylation inhibitors, erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine (EHNA) plus adenosine and L-homocysteine or by 3-deazaadenosine plus L-homocysteine. These findings indicate that methylation reactions are required for the transduction of signals after chemotactic factor receptor occupancy in monocytes, which lead to a motile cellular configuration and release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Activation of phospholipases with destruction of cell-associated phosphatidylinositol appears to account for the major source of arachidonic acid released by monocytes exposed to chemoattractants. This pathway for arachidonic acid release requires a transmethylation reaction since it is blocked by inhibitors of methylation.
Nanoclusters Formation in Ion Implanted Silicate Glasses (2000)

Glasses containing nanometer-sized metal clusters\nexhibit intensity-dependent refractive index values several\norders of magnitude larger than that of silica glass, owing\nto dielectric and quantum confinement effects. Transition\nmetals are particularly interesting since they also exhibit\npeculiar magnetic properties. Recently, the preparation of\n"mixed" colloidal structures, containing clusters of either\ndifferent metals or metallic alloys, has also attracted\nattention due to the possibility of tailoring the performances\nof these composites. Ion implantation has been exploited as\none of the most effective techniques for creating metal\nnanoclusters in glasses. In spite of the non-equilibrium\ncharacteristics of the ion implantation process, the\nimportant role of chemical driving forces has been\nrecognized in determining the final configuration of ionimplanted\nmaterials, even more so when the process\ninvolves different sequentially implanted species. Both the\nion implantation as a synthesis method and the nanometric\ndimension of the formed metallic particles can influence in\na very complex way the alloy formation steps: in particular,\nthe relative importance of the thermodynamic mechanism\nand the kinetic one is far from to be completely understood.\nIn the following, we briefly summarize recently\nobtained results in this field. Detailed descriptions are\nreported in the publications.
Immune responses of rats chronically fed subclinical doses of lead. (1981)

The effects of chronic feeding of low levels of lead on various cells of the rat immune system have been investigated. In the presence of Con A and PHA, lead appears to increase blastogenesis up to approximately 5 weeks with activity approaching that of the unleaded control cells at 14 weeks. B cells responded with increased mitogenicity in the presence of LPS up to the time of termination of the experiment (14 weeks). Macrophage activity and number in the lead-fed rat showed consistent decrease and eventual morphological impairment. It is hypothesized that lead has mitogen-like activity but disruption of macrophage-T cell interaction occurs with time.
Change of tRNA identity leads to a divergent orthogonal histidyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNAHis pair (2010)

Mature tRNA(His) has at its 5'-terminus an extra guanylate, designated as G(-1). This is the major recognition element for histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) to permit acylation of tRNA(His) with histidine. However, it was reported that tRNA(His) of a subgroup of α-proteobacteria, including Caulobacter crescentus, lacks the critical G(-1) residue. Here we show that recombinant C. crescentus HisRS allowed complete histidylation of a C. crescentus tRNA(His) transcript (lacking G(-1)). The addition of G(-1) did not improve aminoacylation by C. crescentus HisRS. However, mutations in the tRNA(His) anticodon caused a drastic loss of in vitro histidylation, and mutations of bases A73 and U72 also reduced charging. Thus, the major recognition elements in C. crescentus tRNA(His) are the anticodon, the discriminator base and U72, which are recognized by the divergent (based on sequence similarity) C. crescentus HisRS. Transplantation of these recognition elements into an Escherichia coli tRNA(His) template, together with addition of base U20a, created a competent substrate for C. crescentus HisRS. These results illustrate how a conserved tRNA recognition pattern changed during evolution. The data also uncovered a divergent orthogonal HisRS/tRNA(His) pair.
Studies on Tenderness Evaluation (1960)

TENDERNESS measurement is a relative evaluation of one of the most important quality factors in meat. Two methods are commonly employed. The first is the organoleptic panel where each member is given a sample to evaluate—either by the number of chews required to masticate the meat or by ranking judgment on some sort of decanoic scale. With even a small panel of conscientious members a good relative evaluation can be obtained. This is considered to be the most accurate evaluation of tenderness. Tenderness is also measured by machine. Several mechanical devices are available for just such a purpose. However, none of these machines appear to be able to simulate the true action of a chewing mouth, and consequently each approximates that action with only a certain degree of success. Of the mechanical devices used the Warner Bratzler shear machine has been most widely reported, but the best relationships between…
Coulomb Blockade in Single And Double Quantum Dots (1995)

Contains a description of one research project, reports on two research projects and a list of publications.
Concerns over Participation in Genetic Research among Malay-Muslims, Chinese and Indians in Singapore: A Focus Group Study (2004)

Programmes to promote community participation in genetic research should address the diverse ethnic concerns, design ethnic-sensitive messages and involve the community.
Cyclosporin A Provides No Sustained Immunologic Benefit to Persons with Chronic HIV‐1 Infection Starting Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5138 (2006)

Cyclosporin A coadministered for 2 weeks with ART provided no sustained immunologic benefit to persons with chronic HIV-1 infection. If immune activation drives progressive immune deficiency in chronic HIV-1 infection, these activation pathways may not be sensitive to cyclosporin.
Actual Eyring Models for Thixotropy and Shear-Thinning: Experimental Validation and Application to EHD (2004)

The Eyring sinh law is presently the most well-accepted model for shear-thinning of EHD lubricants at high pressure. It was, however, not accepted for this purpose by Eyring, who found it to be of only limited usefulness for thixotropy. Then, it is extremely important that these models receive a critical review using data obtained by modern methods to evaluate the actual Eyring models and show how they differ from the model in use today. Data from high-pressure viscometers were used to validate the actual Eyring models. The Ree-Eyring model for shear-thinning obeys time-temperature-pressure superposition. A film thickness calculation shows it to suffer from the same anomalous behavior in sliding contact as does the sinh law.
Production Gains from Re-Fracturing Treatments in Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (2000)

Abstract Since 1990, over 200 hydraulic fracturing treatments have been performed in the Hassi Messaoud field in northeast central Algeria resulting in an average production increase of 5 m3/hr (750 bopd). The success of the stimulation program in this Cambrian age sandstone formation resulted from improved field practices of treating open-hole and slotted liner completions, and from the use of state-of-the-art fracturing equipment and engineering tools. After several years of production, the production rates of some fractured wells have declined due to several reasons: reservoir depletion, salt precipitation from formation water breakthrough or injection water breakthrough, and fracture conductivity damage due to barium sulfate scale and asphaltene deposition. Since 1996, re-fracturing treatments have been conducted on nine wells in order to restore production by placing another propped hydraulic fracture in the same target drain. The three case histories presented show exceptional, normal and marginal responses to the re-fracturing treatments. Explanations for the observed responses are presented and recommendations for the selection of new re-fracturing candidates in the Hassi Messaoud field are presented.
Revisiting the total ion yield x-ray absorption spectra of liquid water microjets (2008)

Measurements of the total ion yield (TIY) x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of liquid water by Wilson et al. (2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 L221 and 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 3346) have been revisited in light of new experimental and theoretical efforts by our group. Previously, the TIY spectrum was interpreted as a distinct measure of the electronic structure of the liquid water surface. However, our new results indicate that the previously obtained spectrum may have suffered from as yet unidentified experimental artifacts. Although computational results indicate that the liquid water surface should exhibit a TIY-XAS that is fundamentally distinguishable from the bulk liquid XAS, the new experimental results suggest that the observable TIY-XAS is actually nearly identical in appearance to the total electron yield (TEY-)XAS, which is a bulk probe. This surprising similarity between the observed TIY-XAS and TEY-XAS likely results from large contributions from x-ray induced electron stimulated desorption of ions, and does not necessarily indicate that the electronic structure of the bulk liquid and liquid surface are identical.
Biologic and Biochemical Properties of Detergent-Solubilized Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigen From a Simian Virus 40-Induced Neoplasm: Brief Communication (1977)

The detergent Nonidet P40 was used to solubilize tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) from crude membranes obtained from dissociated cells of simian virus 40-induced sarcoma of BALB/c mice. A good recovery of specific tumor rejection activity was observed. One fraction, fraction V, was obtained following polyacrylamide-agarose filtration of the solubilized material, and this fraction contained most of the activity. An increased specific activity followed gel filtration. Preliminary data from lectin column chromatography of the active fraction V indicated a separation of TSTA activity from H-2 activity.
POTASSIUM QUANTITY-INTENSITY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF NH4 FOR THREE KENTUCKY SOILS (1992)

Potassium-Ca exchange reactions in soils are often investigated in laboratory-type studies. It is assumed that results from such binary exchange systems can be extrapolated to three-ion (ternary) systems by using appropriate equations. However, such an evaluation is rarely carried out. This study investigated the influence of added ammonium (NH4) on potassium quantity-intensity (Q/I) relationships representing adsorption and desorption by soil samples taken at the 0 to 15-cm and 15 to 30-cm depths for three soils obtained from northern Kentucky. The soils were Eden silty clay (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs), Lowell silty clay loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs), and Nicholson silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudalfs). These soils have each failed to show K-fertilization response. It was shown that the Q/I plot components, labile K (ExK0), activity ratio of K at equilibrium (ARK0) and linear potential buffering capacity of K (PBCK) were each affected by added NH4. The addition of NH4 caused an increase in the quantity of labile K for all three soils at both depths. ARK0 was also higher in the presence of NH4, but the PBCK was lower. The amount of K extracted with 0.1 mol L−1 BaCl2 was closer to the amount of K estimated from the y-intercept of the Q/I plot of the apparent high-affinity sites than to the amount of K extracted with neutral NH4C2H3O2. Finally, K adsorption was not readily reversible. The quantity of K desorbed was higher in the presence of added NH4 than in its absence. The availability of K in these soils should be enhanced by the presence of ammonium in the soil solution.
Impurity Profiling of a Chemical Weapon Precursor for Possible Forensic Signatures by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics (2009)

In this report we present the feasibility of using analytical and chemometric methodologies to reveal and exploit the chemical impurity profiles from commercial dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) samples to illustrate the type of forensic information that may be obtained from chemical-attack evidence. Using DMMP as a model compound of a toxicant that may be used in a chemical attack, we used comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC/TOF-MS) to detect and identify trace organic impurities in six samples of commercially acquired DMMP. The GC x GC/TOF-MS data was analyzed to produce impurity profiles for all six DMMP samples using 29 analyte impurities. The use of PARAFAC for the mathematical resolution of overlapped GC x GC peaks ensured clean spectra for the identification of many of the detected analytes by spectral library matching. The use of statistical pairwise comparison revealed that there were trace impurities that were quantitatively similar and different among five of the six DMMP samples. Two of the DMMP samples were revealed to have identical impurity profiles by this approach. The use of nonnegative matrix factorization indicated that there were five distinct DMMP sample types as illustrated by the clustering of the multiple DMMP analyses into five distinct clusters in the scores plots. The two indistinguishable DMMP samples were confirmed by their chemical supplier to be from the same bulk source. Sample information from the other chemical suppliers supported the idea that the other four DMMP samples were likely from different bulk sources. These results demonstrate that the matching of synthesized products from the same source is possible using impurity profiling. In addition, the identified impurities common to all six DMMP samples provide strong evidence that basic route information can be obtained from impurity profiles. Finally, impurities that may be unique to the sole bulk manufacturer of DMMP were found in some of the DMMP samples.