gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foetal Weight Estimation (1972)

Summary Correlation was sought between the development of the foetal skeleton, the weight of the baby and gestation period. It has been shown that heavier babies of longer gestation do show more advanced skeletal maturation, but there are wide confidence bounds to the fitted trend lines, and the assessment of gestation period and foetal weight by this method is not highly accurate. It is probably correct to within one month of gestation. There is unacceptable error in assessing foetal weight from bone development.
Zur immunologischen Spezifität der Antiseren gegen terminale Aminosäure-Sequenzen von zwei Stämmen des Tabakmosaikvirus (1966)

Article Zur immunologischen Spezifität der Antiseren gegen terminale Aminosäure-Sequenzen von zwei Stämmen des Tabakmosaikvirus was published on June 1, 1966 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (volume 21, issue 6).
Shear-thinning hydrogels for biomedical applications (2011)

Injectable hydrogels are becoming increasingly important in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery due to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, high water content, and the ability to deliver them in a minimally invasive manner. Shear-thinning is one promising technique for the application of injectable hydrogels, where preformed hydrogels can be injected by application of shear stress (during injection) and quickly self-heal after removal of shear. Importantly, these gels can be used to deliver biological molecules and cells during the injection process. This review aims to highlight the range of injectable shear-thinning hydrogel systems being developed, with a focus on the various mechanisms of formation and shear-thinning and their use in biomedical applications.
Dual signaling pathways control LFA‐1 mediated rolling and arrest on ICAM‐1. (2007)

Leukocyte recruitment into site of inflammation proceeds in a multistep cascade involving selectin‐mediated rolling, chemokine‐triggered activation and integrin‐mediated adhesion. Leukocyte integrins also support slow rolling upon selectin tethering. The signaling pathways downstream of E‐selectin binding are largely unknown. Intravital microscopy of the murine cremaster muscle and a blood perfused flow chamber system were used to determine that P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)‐1, but not CD44, induced slow rolling on a surface coated with E‐selectin and ICAM‐1. Slow rolling was entirely dependent on CD11a (LFA‐1), but not CD11b (Mac‐1). The E‐selectin‐induced signal was required to keep integrins in an activated conformation; there was no apparent “memory” for prior engagement of E‐selectin ligands. Slow rolling mediated by LFA‐1 was abolished by blocking spleen tyrosine kinases (Syk) using the inhibitor Piceatannol. The pretreatment of the mice with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ α induced leukocyte adhesion in chambers coated with E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 alone. This adhesion was caused by KC produced by neutrophils in response to TNF‐α treatment which acted in an autocrine/paracrine manner and was completely abolished by blocking CXCR2. We conclude that PSGL‐1 is the E‐selectin ligand which signals and induces slow rolling by Syk‐dependent integrin activation. This signaling is neither required nor sufficient for integrin‐mediated arrest, which is CXCR2‐dependent. Supported by DFG to A.Z. (AZ 428/2‐1) and NIH HL 73361.
Sensor-Based Estimation of Dim Light Melatonin Onset Using Features of Two Time Scales (2021)

Circadian rhythms influence multiple essential biological activities, including sleep, performance, and mood. The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the gold standard for measuring human circadian phase (i.e., timing). The collection of DLMO is expensive and time consuming since multiple saliva or blood samples are required overnight in special conditions, and the samples must then be assayed for melatonin. Recently, several computational approaches have been designed for estimating DLMO. These methods collect daily sampled data (e.g., sleep onset/offset times) or frequently sampled data (e.g., light exposure/skin temperature/physical activity collected every minute) to train learning models for estimating DLMO. One limitation of these studies is that they only leverage one time-scale data. We propose a two-step framework for estimating DLMO using data from both time scales. The first step summarizes data from before the current day, whereas the second step combines this summary with frequently sampled data of the current day. We evaluate three moving average models that input sleep timing data as the first step and use recurrent neural network models as the second step. The results using data from 207 undergraduates show that our two-step model with two time-scale features has statistically significantly lower root-mean-square errors than models that use either daily sampled data or frequently sampled data.
An image retrieval system to estimate impression words from images using a neural network (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate impression words from images using neural network and the image retrieval system. Since the human sensitivity and various images are flexibly connected using a neural network in the proposed system, it can automatically estimate impression words from various kinds of images. As a result, the proposed system can reflect human's kansei (impression and sensitivity) effectively and treat wider variety of images. We show some experimental results. The proposed system can estimate correct impression words and successfully retrieve correct images.
Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption in Some Organic Biradicals (1956)

Four compounds of the form 4,4′-polymethylenebistriphenylmethyl, one compound of the form (1,4-phenylene)bisdiarylmethyl, three compounds of the form (4,4′-biphenylene)bisdiarylmethyl, and one compound, 4,4′-oxybistriphenylmethyl have been shown to possess unpaired electrons by paramagnetic resonance absorption. The resonance spectra of 0.01 M solutions of these compounds in benzene exhibit a hyperfine structure arising from a spherically symmetrical contribution of the magnetic dipole interaction between the unpaired electron and the nuclear magnetic moments of the hydrogen atoms. The g-factors for the compounds investigated in the first three classes were found to be 2.0025±0.0004 and 2.0031±0.0004 for the last compound. Such a close approach of the g-factor to the free electron value plus the sharpness of the hyperfine structure lines indicates that the anisotropic contributions of the spin-orbit interaction, which would normally lift the degeneracy of the triplet state, are averaged out by the tumbling of the molecules.
Solar UV Irradiance Measurements at Four Sites in Tibet (1970)

We present solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance measurements at four sites in Tibet (Lhasa, Linzhi, Nagqu, and Tingri) for the period between July 2008 and September 2010. Erythemal UV dose rates and irradiances of solar UVA, UVB for all four sites are presented. Days with clear sky cloud transmittance (CLT) larger than 100% are particularly selected and analyzed for the four sites. Comparisons between the four sites are also carried out, and the clear-sky data analyses for the summer time show that Tingri (near Mt. Everest) has the highest UV irradiance, Lhasa the second highest, while Nagchu (Northen Tibet) and Linzhi (Eastern Tibet) have a bit lower values. Tingri has the strongest UV level among the four sites around the year, mainly due to increased albedo caused by snow-covered surroundings. UV data for Lhasa for the period from 2004 to 2010 are also analyzed, showing that the UV instantaneous irradiance trend for the recent six-year period is stable. However, the number of clear-sky days in Lhasa has increased over the recent six years, causing an increase in the yearly-integrated total UV irradiance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i3.5934 JIE 2011; 8(3): 75-86
Synthesis and gastric antisecretory properties of .alpha.-chain diene derivatives of misoprostol (1986)

The synthesis and gastric antisecretory activity in dogs of seven alpha chain diene derivatives of misoprostol are described. The key intermediates in the preparation of these compounds were C-9 tert-butyldimethylsilyl enol ethers that were obtained by in situ silylation of cuprate enolates derived from alpha chain unsaturated cyclopentenones. Selenylation chemistry on these intermediates provided the C2-C3 trans dienes that, where possible, were also deconjugated to produce the corresponding C3-C4 dienes. The most interesting structure in this series is the C5-C6 cis, C3-C4 cis/trans (1:1) diene that could not be readily separated chromatographically into its individual geometric isomers. The gastric antisecretory activity of the mixture of isomers was approximately 3 times greater than that of misoprostol by intragastric administration. The separation of undesired diarrheogenic effects from antisecretory activity was significantly improved relative to misoprostol.
ChemInform Abstract: Prevention of Corrosion of Iron in Acidic Media Using Poly(o‐methoxy‐ aniline). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Partial Flow DPF System for Large Bore or High Power Applications (2014)

A number of technical challenges are faced when applying wall flow Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) systems to large high horsepower off-highway applications, locomotives, and marine diesel engine applications due to the size of the DPF system required and the space constraints associated with these applications. Experimental results show that a new approach of adding an exhaust bypass valve, creating a partial-flow DPF system, can greatly reduce the DPF package size while continuing to offer significant PM emission reductions. The exhaust bypass valve is configured to open proportionally to maintain a pre-set maximum engine backpressure as the exhaust flow increases. Proof-of-concept testing of an experimental partial flow DPF system was conducted on a 3MW, 4-stroke locomotive engine, following U.S. EPA locomotive certification test protocols. These tests showed that the experimental DPF system, which was approximately 40 percent smaller than what would be expected for this application, provided an 84 percent PM reduction over the US-EPA Switcher Cycle and 59 percent reduction over the Line-Haul Cycle. It was calculated that the system could provide a 91 percent PM reduction over the Switcher Cycle and 76 percent PM reduction over the Line-Haul Cycle with addition of a DOC in the bypass exhaust flow.
Microvascular blood flow measurements of the thyroid nodules by diffuse optics (2019)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Geometric model from microscopic theory for nuclear absorption (1993)

A parameter-free geometric model for nuclear absorption is derived herein from microscopic theory. The expression for the absorption cross section in the eikonal approximation, taken in integral form, is separated into a geometric contribution that is described by an energy-dependent effective radius and two surface terms that cancel in an asymptotic series expansion. For collisions of light nuclei, an expression for the effective radius is derived from harmonic oscillator nuclear density functions. A direct extension to heavy nuclei with Woods-Saxon densities is made by identifying the equivalent half-density radius for the harmonic oscillator functions. Coulomb corrections are incorporated, and a simplified geometric form of the Bradt-Peters type is obtained. Results spanning the energy range from 1 MeV/nucleon to 1 GeV/nucleon are presented. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained. Introduction The nuclear absorption cross section is a measure of the sum of all the reac...
SOME FEATURES OF A LINEAR ACCELERATOR (1951)

Our findings provide compelling evidence supporting causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke subtypes, while identifying mediators and evaluating the proportions of mediation. Adhering to a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet enriched with dried fruits, cheese, and cereal, along with reduced salt and poultry consumption, could potentially mitigate stroke risk.
Overview of Protein Phosphorylation (1998)

Phosphorylation is the most common and important mechanism of acute and reversible regulation of protein function. Studies of mammalian cells metabolically labeled with [(32)P]orthophosphate suggest that as many as one-third of all cellular proteins are covalently modified by protein phosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation has an important role in essentially all aspects of cell biology. Most polypeptide growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor are among the best studied) and cytokines (e.g., interleukin 2, colony stimulating factor 1, and gamma-interferon) stimulate phosphorylation upon binding to their receptors. Induced phosphorylation in turn activates cytoplasmic protein kinases, such as Raf, the activators of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases SEK and MEK, the MAP kinases ERK, JNK, and p38, the Janus/JAK kinases, the p21 activated kinases (PAKs), and the phosphatidylinsoitil 3'-kinase-activated kinase, protein kinase B/Akt. Additionally, in all nucleated organisms, cell cycle progression is regulated at both the G1/S and the G2/M transitions by cyclin-dependent protein kinases. These kinases regulate the G1/S transition by the phosphorylation of cell cycle regulators such as Rb protein and the G2/M transition through the phosphorylation of nuclear lamins and histones.
‘Visual’ Acuity of the Congenitally Blind Using Visual-to-Auditory Sensory Substitution (2012)

Sensory Substitution Devices (SSDs) convey visual information through sounds or touch, thus theoretically enabling a form of visual rehabilitation in the blind. However, for clinical use, these devices must provide fine-detailed visual information which was not yet shown for this or other means of visual restoration. To test the possible functional acuity conveyed by such devices, we used the Snellen acuity test conveyed through a high-resolution visual-to-auditory SSD (The vOICe). We show that congenitally fully blind adults can exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) blindness acuity threshold using SSDs, reaching the highest acuity reported yet with any visual rehabilitation approach. This demonstrates the potential capacity of SSDs as inexpensive, non-invasive visual rehabilitation aids, alone or when supplementing visual prostheses.
Diastolic Blood Pressure Levels and Ischemic Stroke Incidence in Older Adults With White Matter Lesions (2010)

In older adults with low-grade WML, low DBP may not pose a risk for IS. However, in high-grade WML, IS risk may increase in DBP less than 69 mmHg but is highest more than 80 mmHg. People with high-grade WML may be at risk of IS in high and low DBP.
Distribution of Foraging Honey Bees1to Multiple, Small Floral Plots of Various Species (1980)

A study was made of the distribution of foraging honey bees from 28 apiaries (955 colonies) to 35 small floral plots, representing 6 plant species, within 60 km 2 . Bees from many colonies foraged at the various plots, regardless of plot size. Increasing percentages of foragers originated from colonies near the plots as the number of colonies increased. Nectar and pollen loads varied greatly according to the source species, and did not have an obvious relationship to the distribution pattern of foraging bees.
17. The Theory of Determinants in the Historical Order of its Development (1888)

Now it is at once manifest that the successive developments here obtained of the determinant [ xyzt ] are letter by letter identical with the successive “lignes” obtained by Bézout from the unreal product xyzt; but that instead of having one arbitrary step succeeding another, as in the application of Bezout's rule, there is here a fluent reasonableness characterising the whole process.* As for the peculiarities requiring elucidation in the series of special examples above referred to, they are seen, when looked at in this light, to be but matters of course.
Dielectric relaxation of Sorbitol revisited (2006)

We have performed broadband dielectric spectroscopy to study the merging of the α- and β-relaxations in Sorbitol. To investigate this merging in detail the data were analyzed both directly in the frequency domain and after transforming the data to the time domain. At the liquid-glass transition temperature, Tg , the standard analysis give a clear kink in the temperature dependence of the relaxation time of the β-relaxation. However, using a more sophisticated analysis we show that the data can be equally well described by extrapolating the low temperature Arrhenius behaviour of the β-relaxation to the merging region of the α- and β-relaxations. The Sorbitol data is thus compatible with a scenario with no anomalous temperature behaviour in the merging region.
A Low-Sidelobe Space Feed Lens, (1984)

A parallel-plate waveguide microwave lens, constructed as part of the concept development of completely overlapped subarray antennas, was modified and tested. The lens function is comparable to that of a Rotman lens with 16 inputs (bma ports) and 60 outputs (antenna ports). However, the input face is linear with uniformly spaced monopole elements, and the output face is circular, with monopole elements spaced uniformly in angle. Using a four-way power divider at the center four inputs and the outputs connected to a line-source array, low sidelobe patterns were measured over a 22 percent bandwidth. Over the same 8.0 to 10.0 GHz band, total power loss in the lens was between 0.3 and 1.3 dB including mismatch, spillover and reflection losses.
Transformation of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,8-diones with Hydrazines and Hydrazoic Acid: Synthesis of 8-Hydrazono-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyrans, Pyrano[2,3-c]azepines and Pyrido[2,3-c]azepines (2000)

6,7,benzamide (1a) reacts with nitrogen-containing nucleophiles (2) (hydrazines and hydroxylamine) to give the corresponding 8-hydrazono derivatives (3a-i) and the related hydroxyimino derivative (3j).The action of hydrazoic acid on 1a-b or 3a-b and 3e resulted in the formation of pyrano[2,3-c]azepines (4a-b).The pyranoazepine (4a) can be debenzoylated to 4b or transformed into pyrido[2,3c]azepines (5a-b).2H-Pyran-2-ones and fused pyran-2-ones are important synthons and building blocks in organic synthesis. 1Fused pyran-2-ones, such as 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-oxo substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-1benzopyran-2-ones possess several reactive centers.For example, nucleophiles might react either with the lactone ring or with the keto group.Previous results have shown that N- (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl)benzamides gave the corresponding quinolines 2a-c when reacted with nitrogencontaining nucleophiles, such as ammonia, hydroxylamine, aniline, amino acids, hydrazine and N,Ndimethylhydrazine. On the other hand, hydrazides, phenylhydrazines and heterocyclic hydrazines converted benzopyran-2,5-diones selectively into 5-hydrazonobenzopyrans.2c-f These reactions were # Dedicated with deep respect to Professor Richard Neidlein on the ocassion of his 70 th birthday.
Chromium(II) chemistry. Part IX. Ferromagnetic and antiferro-magnetic chlorochromates(II) (1975)

The new chromium(II) complex chlorides M2[CrCl4(OH2)2][M = NH4, Hpy (pyridiniurm). Rb,orCs] are magnetically dilute, high-spin compounds with reflectance spectra of the type expected for tetragonally distorted octahedral anions [CrCl4(OH2)2]2–. Several compounds are isomorphous with their copper(II) analogues of known structure. Thermal dehydration gives compounds M2[CrCl4](M = NH4, Rb, or Cs), which are ferromagnetic as is K2[CrCl4] obtained from a hydrate too unstable to be completely characterized. The reflectance spectra again indicate tetragonal six-co-ordination, and hence the anhydrous compounds have polymeric structures which permit the ferromagnetic interaction through 180° coupling. Unusually intense spin-forbidden absorptions are found in the reflectance spectra of these compounds. The complex Cs[CrCl3(OH2)2] is weakly antiferromagnetic and presumably has a similar structure to Li[CuCl3(OH2)2]. Chloride-bridged structures in [Hpy]2[CrCl4] and M[CrCl3](M = Hpy, Me4N, or Cs) produce antiferromagnetic behaviour which leads to slight intensification of the spin-forbidden bands.
The assay of prekallikrein activator in human blood products. (1979)

An assay for the determination of prekallikrein activator (PKA) in human blood products is described. Kallikrein released from a prekallikrein substrate preparation by PKA in the sample is determined using the synthetic substrate S-2302 (H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA). The PKA content of the sample is quantitated by interpolation from a standard line obtained using a reference preparation of plasma protein fraction (PPF). Endogenous kallikrein is estimated and an adjustment made for its contribution to the apparent PKA content of the sample. The results of determinations on a number of PPF, immunoglobulin and coagulation factor preparations are presented and discussed.
A STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED CHANGES IN POLYMERS LEADING TO GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION AS INFLUENCED BY STRUCTURAL FACTORS (1961)

The preparation, irradiation, and grafting of a number of polymethacrylates are described. A mechanism of radiatior attack on the polymers is proposed. Free-radical measurements, the quantitative determination of the volatile products of irradiation, and chemical analysis of the grafted copolymer were used in establishing this mechanism. The data suggest that a major portion of total free-radical formation is accomplished by means of a whole or partial ester scission, the size and configuration of the hydrocarbon tail of the ester group irfluence the efficiency of site formation, site formation is accompanied, in some cases, by a scission of the polymer backbone, and the amount of grafted copolymer increases with increased free-radlcal concentration. (auth)
Search for flash movies on the web (2005)

FlashTM is experiencing a breathtaking growth andhas become one of the prevailing media formats on theWeb. Unfortunately, no research effort has beendedicated to automatic retrieval of Flash movies bycontent, which is critical to the utilization of the enormousFlash resource. A close examination reveals that theintrinsic complexity of a Flash movie, including itsheterogeneous components, its dynamic nature, and userinteractivity, makes Flash retrieval a host of researchissues. As the first endeavor in this area, we propose ageneric framework termed as FLAME (FLash Access andManagement Environment) embodying a 3-tierarchitecture that addresses the representation, indexing,and retrieval of Flash movies by mining andunderstanding of movie content. In particular, FLAMEfeatures a unique multi-level indexing and retrievalapproach that supports characterization and retrieval ofFlash at (1) object level, which describes theheterogeneous components embedded in a movie, (2)event level, which depicts the movie's dynamic effectsconstituted by the spatio-temporal features of objects, and(3) interaction level, which models the relationshipsbetween user behaviors and the consequential events. Anexperimental prototype for Web-based Flash retrieval isimplemented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness ofFLAME.