gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection for Cybersecurity of the Substations (2011)

Cybersecurity of the substations in a power system is a major issue as the substations become increasingly dependent on computer and communication networks. This paper is concerned with anomaly detection in the computer network environment of a substation. An anomaly inference algorithm is proposed for early detection of cyber-intrusions at the substations. The potential scenario of simultaneous intrusions launched over multiple substations is considered. The proposed detection method considers temporal anomalies. Potential intrusion events are ranked based on the credibility impact on the power system. Snapshots of anomaly entities at substations are described. Simulation results using the modified IEEE 118-bus system have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method for systematic identification. The result of this research is a tool to detect cyber-intrusions that are likely to cause significant damages to the power grid.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins in human breast cancer correlates with estrogen receptor status (1993)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been implicated in the growth regulation of human breast cancer. Since the IGFs are associated with specific binding proteins (IGFBPs) which may modulate receptor/ligand interactions, production of IGFBPs by breast cancer cells could alter their IGF-dependent growth. This study examined the expression of IGFBPs 4, 5, and 6 in eight breast cancer cell lines (BCCLs) using ribonuclease (RNase) protection assays. IGFBP-4 mRNA was detected in all BCCLs studied. IGFBP-5 expression was higher in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cells, while IGFBP-6 mRNA was detected in only two ER negative BCCLs. We also found that E2 treatment enhanced the expression of IGFBPs 2, 4, and 5 in T47-D cells. We next studied IGFBP mRNA expression in 40 primary breast tumors. All tumors expressed mRNA for IGFBPs 2-6 but none expressed IGFBP-1 message. IGFBP-3 expression was higher in ER negative tumors, while that of IGFBP-4 and -5 was higher in ER positive specimens. These differences were statistically significant (P < .05). Ligand blot analysis of tumor extracts confirmed the presence of IGFBPs in breast cancer tissues. Thus, differential IGFBP expression in ER positive and negative tumors suggests an important role for this protein in breast cancer biology.
Optical receivers based on multistage laser preamplifiers (1990)

An examination is made of the performance of optical preamplifier receivers using cascaded semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs), emphasis being placed on the influence of signal frequency fluctuations (chirp). The analysis makes use of a lightwave simulation package designed to accommodate laser chirp, fiber dispersion, laser preamplifiers, and receiver characteristics. The signal-to-noise characterization of cascaded structures is assessed. To address the system performance in the presence of laser chirp, simulation results are presented for a 1.5- mu m optical system assuming 2-Gb/s RZ transmission through a fiber with 20-ps/(nm-km) dispersion. Also discussed is a polarization-insensitive receiver which is based on cascaded laser preamplifiers. This approach requires only a single photodetector and hence it is potentially simpler than a polarization-diversity receiver. The difference in sensitivity for the two orthogonal polarizations is estimated to be less than 0.7 dB for the cascaded preamplifier receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sulphur Metabolism in Autism (2000)

Purpose: Previous studies in autistic children have shown that they have reduced levels of plasma sulphate as compared with age-matched control children and the aim of this study was to see if this reflected increased urinary sulphate loss. Design: Outpatient-based survey of autistic children and matched controls. Materials and methods: The children in the study were elected on the basis of ICD-10 criteria and a diagnosis of autism. Use of a behavioural questionnaire allowed children with autism to be divided into 3 subsets. Urinary excretion of sulphate, sulphite, thiosulphate and thiocyanate was measured in 232 autistic children and compared with values from 68 age-matched controls. Results: Autistic children excreted higher levels of sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate, but reduced levels of thiocyanate. Conclusions: The significance of these altered parameters is discussed with respect to catecholamine metabolism, mucin formation, gastrointestinal hormone activation and sulphur anion metabolism.
Manipulation of Subcortical and Deep Cortical Activity in the Primate Brain Using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (2019)

The causal role of an area within a neural network can be determined by interfering with its activity and measuring the impact. Many current reversible manipulation techniques have limitations preventing their application, particularly in deep areas of the primate brain. Here, we demonstrate that a focused transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) protocol impacts activity even in deep brain areas: a subcortical brain structure, the amygdala (experiment 1), and a deep cortical region, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, experiment 2), in macaques. TUS neuromodulatory effects were measured by examining relationships between activity in each area and the rest of the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In control conditions without sonication, activity in a given area is related to activity in interconnected regions, but such relationships are reduced after sonication, specifically for the targeted areas. Dissociable and focal effects on neural activity could not be explained by auditory confounds.
Lateral line system of fish (2009)

The lateral line is a sensory system that allows fishes to detect weak water motions and pressure gradients. The smallest functional unit of the lateral line is the neuromast, a sensory structure that consists of a hair cell epithelium and a cupula that connects the ciliary bundles of the hair cells with the water surrounding the fish. The lateral line of most fishes consists of hundreds of superficial neuromasts spread over the head, trunk and tail fin. In addition, many fish have neuromasts embedded in lateral line canals that open to the environment through a series of pores. The present paper reviews some more recent aspects of the morphology, behavioral relevance and physiology of the fish lateral line. In addition, it reports some new findings with regard to the coding of bulk water flow.
Overcoming invasion of privacy in smart home environment with synthetic packet injection (2015)

We live in an increasingly connected world where not only can we open our garage doors with sensors, but from a remote location we can also lock our doors, or turn off our lights. Such convenience and flexibility come with great concerns for privacy and security. In this paper, we study privacy of smart home devices in home residence settings and show how homeowner’s privacy could be compromised via simple network traffic analysis. We first measure normal traffic patterns generated on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) smart home devices, and identify possible privacy vulnerabilities. We designed a smart home hub-integrated solution to mitigate such risk by obscuring real network traffic with synthetic traffic. We suggest that the smart home industry consider incorporating this approach into their products to improve privacy in the smart home environment.
Surface effects and band measurements in photonic crystals (1993)

An analytic study of Bloch waves near photonic crystal surfaces has been carried out. This is a generalization of Heine's theory of metal/semiconductor interfaces. The main concern of this study is how the surfaces of a finite system affect band determination--which usually involves transmission measurements on small photonic crystals. An analytic expression for transmission is obtained. The results show that the usual band measurements could lead to considerable errors, especially when they involve narrow band gaps. A possible method to improve band measurements has been suggested. The analytic surface analysis has been demonstrated to be fairly accurate, even for a small system. The theory is expected to be applicable to other surface-related problems of photonic systems.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL TEST COLLECTIONS (1976)

Many retrieval experiments have been based on inadequate test collections, and current research is hampered by the lack of proper collections. This short review does not attempt a fully documented survey of all the collections used in the past decade: hopefully representative examples have been studied to throw light on the requirements test collections should meet, to show how past collections have been defective, and to suggest guidelines for a future ‘ideal’ test collection. The specifications for this collection can be taken as an indirect comment on our present state of knowledge of major retrieval system variables, and experience in conducting experiments.
Active Worm Propagation in Hierarchical Peer-to-Peer Network Management Systems (2009)

Currently there is a growing belief that using peer-to-peer (P2P) approach leads to noticeable improvement in the performance of network management systems (NMSs). However P2P systems can be potential vehicle for active worms which can spread in all manager peers in a short time. This issue has not been studied in the literature. In this paper we address effects of active worm propagation in a P2P network management system in which nodes are structured in several hierarchal levels. We intend to evaluate the speed of propagation in the system. To aim at this goal, we perform extensive simulation study and investigate the parameters influencing the speed of propagation such as the number of vulnerable host managers, degree of connections between peer managers inside the groups, the number of connections between different groups of managers in the hierarchical structure. We further compare worm propagation in different levels of hierarchy by different types of active worm attack strategies. We show that in addition to P2P parameters hierarchical structure affect the speed of active worm propagation. This issue suggests that P2P network management systems are more vulnerable in comparison to classical NMSs when they face to security attacks. Therefore to realize implementation of P2P NMSs security concerns should be taken into account.
Copyright : the unsung hero : intellectual property (2016)

If copyright could be compared to a continent, it would be Africa: exciting, diverse, multi-faceted, often misunderstood and far too expansive to cover in a few hundred words.
A comprehensive integration of national identity with blockchain technology (2018)

A blockchain system is different from the hitherto used featuring robustness and disintermediation. A blockchain consists of records (blocks) recorded in a digital ledger, thoroughly decentralized where transactions are recorded in contrast to the tables in the relational database. A transaction once recorded in the system is resistant to alteration. The paper proposed several applications of blockchain system integrating it with the national identity of an individual. The national identification records of an individual must contain the fundamental details regarding the individual along with the biometrics. The available attributes of the national identification records can be used efficaciously in applications such as banking, digitizing healthcare, digital voting, etc. An example for such a national identity is the Aadhar in India which is currently utilized in centralized applications. Integrating Aadhar with blockchain yields illimitable applications in a decentralized, secure and transparent manner.
Varicella-Zoster Virus IE63, a Major Viral Latency Protein, Is Required To Inhibit the Alpha Interferon-Induced Antiviral Response (2007)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 63 (ORF63) is the most abundant transcript expressed during latency in human sensory ganglia. VZV with ORF63 deleted is impaired for replication in melanoma cells and fibroblasts and for latency in rodents. We found that replication of the ORF63 deletion mutant is fully complemented in U2OS cells, which have been shown to complement the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP0 mutants. Since HSV-1 ICP0 mutants are hypersensitive to alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), we examined the effect of IFN-alpha on VZV replication. Replication of the ORF63 mutant in melanoma cells was severely inhibited in the presence of IFN-alpha, in contrast to other VZV mutants that were similarly impaired for replication or to parental virus. The VZV ORF63 mutant was not hypersensitive to IFN-gamma. IFN-alpha inhibited viral-gene expression in cells infected with the ORF63 mutant at a posttranscriptional level. Since IFN-alpha stimulates gene products that can phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha) and inhibit translation, we determined whether cells infected with the ORF63 mutant had increased phosphorylation of eIF-2alpha compared with cells infected with parental virus. While phosphorylated eIF-2alpha was undetectable in uninfected cells or cells infected with parental virus, it was present in cells infected with the ORF63 mutant. Conversely, expression of IE63 (encoded by ORF63) in the absence of other viral proteins inhibited phosphorylation of eIF-2alpha. Since IFN-alpha has been shown to limit VZV replication in human skin xenografts, the ability of VZV IE63 to block the effects of the cytokine may play a critical role in VZV pathogenesis.
Isolation Enhancement of USB Dongle MIMO Antenna in LTE 700 Band Applications (2012)

A compact USB dongle multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for Long Term Evolution (LTE) 700 band (704 ~ 746 MHz) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two symmetrical meander radiators with a capacitively coupled feed. Without the usage of any additional coupling elements between closely mounted antennas, the proposed antenna achieves isolations of higher than 13 dB, enveloped correlation coefficients (ECCs) of less than 0.43, and total efficiencies of higher than 37%.
Vitronectin regulates Sonic hedgehog activity during cerebellum development through CREB phosphorylation (2001)

During development of the cerebellum, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is expressed in migrating and settled Purkinje neurons and is directly responsible for proliferation of granule cell precursors in the external germinal layer. We have previously demonstrated that SHH interacts with vitronectin in the differentiation of spinal motor neurons. Here, we analysed whether similar interactions between SHH and extracellular matrix glycoproteins regulate subsequent steps of granule cell development. Laminins and their integrin receptor subunit alpha6 accumulate in the outer most external germinal layer where proliferation of granule cell precursors is maximal. Consistent with this expression pattern, laminin significantly increases SHH-induced proliferation in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Vitronectin and its integrin receptor subunits alpha(v) are expressed in the inner part of the external germinal layer where granule cell precursors exit the cell cycle and commence differentiation. In cultures, vitronectin is able to overcome SHH-induced proliferation, thus allowing granule cell differentiation. Our studies indicate that the pathway in granule cell precursors responsible for the conversion of a proliferative SHH-mediated response to a differentiation signal depends on CREB. Vitronectin stimulates phosphorylation of cyclic-AMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), and over-expression of CREB is sufficient to induce granule cell differentiation in the presence of SHH. Taken together, these data suggest that granule neuron differentiation is regulated by the vitronectin-induced phosphorylation of CREB, a critical event that terminates SHH-mediated proliferation and permits the differentiation program to proceed in these cells.
Personal communication systems (PCS) (1995)

Personal communication systems (PCS) represent a rapidly growing and increasingly important segment of the telecommunication industry. The goal of PCS is to provide truly personal, cost-efficient communication services to users through portable handsets. In this paper, we present a survey on the research and development in PCS, emphasizing several important aspects such as the PCS concept, service requirements, system architecture, operation, and management. Some ongoing field trials are described as well. We focus on the wireless and the mobility-related features of PCS, discuss their impact on the system design and performance, and provide an overview of different technology choices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the integration of partitioning and global routing for rectilinear placement problems (1996)

Rectilinear placement is an important process for mixed macro block/standard cells design due to frequent presence of preplaced macro blocks. A prevailing solution to this problem is to divide the rectilinear region into rectangular sub-regions and partition cells into these sub-regions before applying standard placement algorithms. For such a strategy to work, the partitioning objective must closely correlate with the global routing objective. In this paper, we propose a new method to integrate global routing with partitioning. The salient features of our approach consist of (1) a new edge cost model and its computation using an incremental assignment technique; (2) a resistive network analogy for net cost modeling and a randomized algorithm for resistance computation; (3) a robust partitioning framework that combines the ideas of (1) and (2). Also, a dynamic strategy is proposed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Our method has been tested on several benchmark circuits and displayed excellent results in terms of both wire length and routability.
Formation of the multibeam pattern of the Bragg diffraction of light by a periodically phase modulated acoustic signal (2008)

Formation of the multibeam pattern of a Bragg acoustooptical modulator in the case of diffraction by a periodically phase modulated acoustic wave is considered. The relation between the spatial spectrum of diffracted light and the spectrum of the input signal is investigated for the case of highly efficient diffraction. A technique of forming a given multibeam pattern is proposed. The technique is based on the frequency modulation of an acoustic wave by a set of multiple frequencies. The level and nature of interference distortions of the pattern that appear owing to the proximity of beams in the angular space are established for the stationary diffraction regime. The processes developing during the transition from one pattern to another are considered, and the conditions ensuring minimal distortions are formulated. The results of simulations are presented.
Rapid Literature Review of Self-Employment Research (2014)

Business ownership is an important employment option for people with disabilities, particularly for those who live in rural areas of the U.S. with fewer employment opportunities (Arnold, Ravesloot, & Seekins, 1995; Arnold & Seekins, 1994). Researchers at RTC:Rural began conducting research on the use of self-employment by VR agencies in 1990. Since then RTC:Rural researchers developed model self-employment policies and procedures for Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies, which several state agencies have adopted in whole or in part (Arnold & Ipsen, 2005); developed self-employment training for VR counselors (Arnold, Seekins, et. al., 1998, 1999, 2001, 2004) in both in-person and web-based formats; and explored cross-agency collaborations to support self-employment ventures (Ipsen, Arnold & Colling, 2003, 2005). A literature review shows this remains some of the only research on self-employment for people with disabilities.
Evaluation of in vivo labelled dendritic cell migration in cancer patients (2004)

BACKGROUND: Dendritic Cell (DC) vaccination is a very promising therapeutic strategy in cancer patients. The immunizing ability of DC is critically influenced by their migration activity to lymphatic tissues, where they have the task of priming naïve T-cells. In the present study in vivo DC migration was investigated within the context of a clinical trial of antitumor vaccination. In particular, we compared the migration activity of mature Dendritic Cells (mDC) with that of immature Dendritic Cells (iDC) and also assessed intradermal versus subcutaneous administration. METHODS: DC were labelled with 99mTc-HMPAO or 111In-Oxine, and the presence of labelled DC in regional lymph nodes was evaluated at pre-set times up to a maximum of 72 h after inoculation. Determinations were carried out in 8 patients (7 melanoma and 1 renal cell carcinoma). RESULTS: It was verified that intradermal administration resulted in about a threefold higher migration to lymph nodes than subcutaneous administration, while mDC showed, on average, a six-to eightfold higher migration than iDC. The first DC were detected in lymph nodes 20-60 min after inoculation and the maximum concentration was reached after 48-72 h. CONCLUSIONS: These data obtained in vivo provide preliminary basic information on DC with respect to their antitumor immunization activity. Further research is needed to optimize the therapeutic potential of vaccination with DC.
Operating Problems in the Hanlan Swan Hills Gas Field (1988)

ABSTRACT The design, construction, startup, and operating phases of major projects involve several different people. Operating problems encountered subsequent to initial startup are not always communicated to designers. This can result in design errors being repeated and costly modifications being required after initial construction. The intent of this paper is to review several operating problems encountered in producing the Hanlan Swan Hills gas field since startup in March 1983. These problems and the resulting recommendations should be considered in the design and operation of future deep sour gas systems.
National Center for Family & Marriage Research (2016)

Abstract The National Center for Family & Marriage Research, founded in 2007, is an academic resource for media, researchers, and students to learn more about current trends and areas of interest in the field of family studies in the United States. The history, mission, research, and resources of the center are discussed in this entry.
Control of Drug Release Rate by Use of Mixtures of Polycaprolactone and Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Polymers (1987)

Chlorpromazine microspheres were prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation technique using polycaprolactone and cellulose acetate butyrate as the matrix. The fluidity of the polymer solution was easily adjusted by use of mixtures of two polymers and thus provided a practical means to control the microsphere size. The In Vitro release pattern was easily changed by changing the ratios of these two polymers. An increase in polycaprolactone content of the polymer microsphere matrix brought about an increase in the release rate. Drug loading had no predictable effect on the dissolution rate, but smaller microspheres gave more rapid drug release due to the greater surface area.