gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulating Stable Stochastic Systems, IV: Approximation Techniques (1975)

The previous papers in this series developed a methodology for obtaining from certain simulations confidence intervals for parameters associated with the steady-state distribution. This methodology required the simulations to contain an embedded renewal process at whose epochs the simulation started from scratch. The present paper contains four approximation techniques for obtaining confidence intervals when the simulation does not contain the required renewal process.
Ontogenesis and stratigraphy of the ostracod &lt;i&gt;Veeniacythereis jezzineensis&lt;/i&gt; (Bischoff, 1963) (1983)

Abstract. Veeniacythereis jezzineensis (Bischoff, 1963) occurs in Israel throughout the Upper Albian-Cenomanian. It comprises continuously ornamented-variable forms, including A-3 to A molt stages. The ontogenetic lineages reveal a pre-adult sexual-dimorphism. It is suggested that Cythereis maghrebensis Bassoullet &amp; Damotte and Cythereis streblolophata Al-Abdul-Razzaq &amp; Grosdidier are junior synonyms of V. jezzineensis.
Preparation and some physical properties of sulphur tetrafluoride (1955)

F. Brown and P. L. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 3147 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550003147
Effect of pH on Nonformaldehyde Durable Press Finishing of Cotton Fabric: FT-IR Spectroscopy Study (1993)

Esterification of cotton cellulose by a polycarboxylic acid proceeds in two steps: the formation of a five-member cyclic anhydride intermediate by the dehydration of two adjacent carboxyl groups of the polycarboxylic acid, and the reaction between cellulose and that intermediate to form an ester. We studied the effect of finish bath pH on anhydride intermediate formation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our previous research demonstrated that esterification of cellulose by a polycarboxylic acid was not acid-catalyzed. The infrared spectroscopy data presented here indicate that the amount of anhydride intermediate formed in a cotton fabric increases as the finish bath pH decreases from 4.5 to 1.5. Therefore, the formation of the cyclic anhydride intermediate is accelerated by an increase in proton concentration of the finish bath. Anhydride intermediate formation and cellulose esterification show different pH-de pendencies.
Broadband detection capability of ZnTe electro-optic field detectors (1996)

We present our measurements of the broadband detection capability of copropagating electro-optic ZnTe field detectors for the characterization of free-space pulsed electromagnetic radiation. To demonstrate ultrawide detection bandwidth, radiation from both gigahertz and terahertz bandwidth pulsed microwave sources has been characterized. The high frequency limitation of the sensor is the first TO phonon resonance (5.31 THz). The ultrashort temporal resolution is demonstrated by the detection of a 177 fs (full width at half-maximum) pulse generated via THz optical rectification in 〈111〉 GaAs.
Measuring Receptor Occupancy with PET (2000)

Many physiological and biochemical measurements can be performed noninvasively in humans with modern imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This review focuses on the monitoring of drug-receptor interactions in patients and healthy volunteers with PET. Such studies depend on the availability of a suitable radioligand; they are already possible for classical and atypical neuroleptics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, anticholinergics, antihistamines, antiepileptics, beta-blockers and hypnotic drugs. In Phase I-II human studies, measurements of plasma pharmacokinetics can be combined with images of receptor occupancy and be quantitatively related to pharmacologic effects which are induced in the same subjects. Optimal dosing schedules can be defined and valuable information for the design of Phase III studies can be acquired. Moreover, the effect of interventions (e.g. change of dose, additional medication) can be predicted. Medical imaging techniques will play an increasing role in clinical pharmacology and allow well-informed go/no-go decisions in future drug development.
Data Modeling using Cluster Based Fuzzy Model Tree (2006)

본 논문에서는 퍼지 클러스터 기법을 이용하여 구간 분할된 퍼지 모델트리의 제안과 이를 이용한 데이터 모델링 기법을 다룬다. 제안된 방법은 먼저 입력과 출력변수의 속성을 고려한 퍼지 클러스터링에 의해 중심벡터를 계산한 후, 중심벡터들과 입력속성간의 소속도를 이용하여 구간 분할된 영역별로 각각의 선형모델을 구축한다. 노드의 확장은 부모노드(parent node)에서 만들어진 모델에서 계산된 오차값과 자식노드(child node)에서 계산된 오차값을 비교하여 이루어진다. 출력값 예측 단계에서는 입력된 데이터와 잎노드에서 계산된 클러스터 중심값과 비교하여 소속도가 높은 선형모델을 선택하여 데이터에 대한 출력값을 예측하게 된다. 제안된 방법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 다양한 데이터를 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 모델트리방식 및 뉴럴 네트워크 기반의 신경회로망 보다 향상된 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. This paper proposes a fuzzy model tree consisting of local linear models using fuzzy cluster for data modeling. First, cluster centers are calculated by fuzzy clustering method using all input and output attributes. And then, linear models are constructed at internal nodes with fuzzy membership values between centers and input attributes. The expansion of internal node is determined by comparing errors calculated in parent node with ones in child node, respectively. As a final step, data prediction is performed with a linear model having the highest fuzzy membership value between input attributes and cluster centers in leaf nodes. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we have applied our method to various dataset. Under various experiments, our proposed method shows better performance than conventional model tree and artificial neural networks.
Investigation of high sensitivity GC‐FTIR as an analytical tool for structural identification (1993)

Abstract As part of a detailed investigation into the application of GC‐FTIR in industrial and environmental analysis, representative sets of samples have been analyzed in parallel using commercial high‐sensitivity instruments. Two of the instruments utilize low temperature storage of the GC eluate to extend the time available for FTIR analysis, yielding greater sensitivity than that possible by conventional ‘light‐pipe’ GC‐FTIR. In certain circumstances, instruments using both types of sample storage give rise to spectra exhibiting features characteristic of the interface used. Chromatographic resolution was found not to be significantly degraded by use of either sample storage interface. Particular advantages were found in having parallel flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry; this enabled the location of smaller components and gave greater certainty of identification.
Synthesis of several 2-substituted 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propenes and their characterization as mechanism-based inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. (1984)

Three substrate analogs of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, viz. 2-X-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1- propenes (where X = Br, Cl, H), have been synthesized, and all behave as substrates requiring O2 and ascorbate for the enzyme-catalyzed hydroxylation reaction. The products have been characterized by mass spectrometry as the respective 2-X-3-hydroxy-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1- propenes . The relative kcat values for these compounds at pH 5.5, 0.25 mM O2 are 49 min-1 (2-H), 8.6 min-1 (2-Cl), and 7.0 min-1 (2-Br). All three compounds have the characteristics of mechanism-based inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase since incubation of enzyme with these compounds under turnover conditions leads to a time-dependent loss of activity. The kinact values at pH 5.5, 0.25 mM O2 are 0.08, 0.20, and 0.51 min-1, respectively, for the 2-Br-, 2-Cl-, and 2-H-substituted analogs. No reactivation was observed after exhaustive dialysis of enzyme inactivated by 2-Br-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propene, suggesting irreversible inactivation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase.
Nanostructured lipid carriers as a delivery system of biochanin A (2013)

The aim of this study was to explore the nanostructured lipid carriers as a delivery system of biochanin A so as to supply a method to improve its bioavailability. Biochanin A-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (BCA-NLCs) were prepared by the method of emulsion-evaporation and low temperature solidification. Pharmacokinetics was carried out in rats upon oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. BCA-NLC showed spherical formulation and had mean diameter 174.68±0.96 nm, zeta potential -20.9±0.8 mv and entrapment efficiency 97.36±0.14%. DSC and XRD studies indicated that BCA was not in crystal state in NLC. In in vitro release study, the BCA from BCA-NLC exhibited a biphasic release pattern with burst release initially and sustained release afterwards. BCA-NLC showed higher AUC value and circulated in blood for a longer time than BCA suspension. The studies demonstrated that NLC could be a potential delivery system for BCA to improve bioavailability.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF CYCLIC DIPEPTIDES. PART IV. DIASTEREOTOPIC REACTIVITY OF SARCOSINE METHYLENE HYDROGENS IN DIKETOPIPERAZINES WITH RESTRICTED CONFORMATIONAL FREEDOM (1976)

Abstract Es wird der H‐D‐Austausch der cyclischen Dipeptide wie z. B" Disarkosyl oder L‐ Prolylsarkosin untersucht.
Locating in fingerprint space (2012)

Indoor localization is of great importance for a range of pervasive applications, attracting many research efforts in the past decades. Most radio-based solutions require a process of site survey, in which radio signatures of an interested area are annotated with their real recorded locations. Site survey involves intensive costs on manpower and time, limiting the applicable buildings of wireless localization worldwide. In this study, we investigate novel sensors integrated in modern mobile phones and leverage user motions to construct the radio map of a floor plan, which is previously obtained only by site survey. On this basis, we design LiFS, an indoor localization system based on off-the-shelf WiFi infrastructure and mobile phones. LiFS is deployed in an office building covering over 1600m2, and its deployment is easy and rapid since little human intervention is needed. In LiFS, the calibration of fingerprints is crowdsourced and automatic. Experiment results show that LiFS achieves comparable location accuracy to previous approaches even without site survey.
An Integrated OS- plus VMM-bypass Solution for Virtualized I/O (2007)

Current Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) technologies are either not virtualization aware or run on proprietary connection fabrics such as InfiniBand, Myrinet and Quadrics. The introduction of 10-Gigabit Ethernet provides a high-speed connection that utilizes existing network infrastructure. As the first step to provide a useful, virtualization-aware RDMA implementation we propose an integrated OS- and VMM-bypass solution implemented on the Netronome NFE-i8000 Network Processor utilizing the Intel IXP 2855. We use this implementation to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of an integrated VMM- and OS-bypass communications engines that can be used to implement such a virtualized RDMA solution and to understand the architectural limitations of such an implementation.
Building a new urban order. (1992)

In the early 1900s, 10% of the population lived in rural areas, but today almost 50% live in cities. Many people move to cities in hopes of finding employment. An overloaded infrastructure, rapid population growth, rural-urban migration, and pollution do not allow cities to support their citizens, however. Even though these problems are more serious for cities in developing countries, they also exist in the US. For example, inadequate sewer systems spill billions of gallons of untreated waste into streams annually. Some US cities lose up to 30% of their daily drinking water through pipes in disrepair. In developed countries, much of destruction of cities is a result of planning or lack of planning centered around the automobile, e.g., rapid suburbanization. Environmental pollution in cities adversely affect the health of residents, e.g., exacerbating asthma in developed countries and diarrhea in developing countries. Since the 1970s, Western European planners have incorporated compact development into their urban plans. They contain suburbanization by revitalizing inner cities and diverting growth into fully functioning satellite towns. Urban planning should emphasize intensive land use, mass transit, conservation of resources, and energy efficiency. Some economists believe that urban poverty will be the most significant problem in the 2000s. In developing nations, the poor live in shantytowns with no running water, sanitation, urban transport, or adequate shelter. In these urban areas, high birth rates play a bigger role in urban growth than does rural-urban migration. US federal policies during the 1980s have resulted in considerable decay inner cities. Recent riots in Los Angeles have alerted policymakers to the costs of neglect of inner cities. US citizens must discuss what needs to be done to transforms into vital living and cultural areas. Revitalization of the cities is a must.
Performance of Interference Cancellation for Cooperative Communication Systems with Maximum Likelihood Equalizer (2010)

In this paper, we analyze and simulate the performance of a cooperative communication system adopting a maximum likelihood (ML) equalizer. In wireless communication systems, cooperative communication schemes employing several relays can be applied for extending the communication coverage. It is assumed that both relays and user terminals can move. Therefore, coverages of two or more relays can overlap each other. If wanted and interfering signals are transmitted through the same channel and there are one terminal in the overlapped region, its performance is degraded due to interference. Hence, we use a ML equalizer for rejecting the effect of interfering signal and enhancing the communication system performance. The cooperative system performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability. From the simulation results, it is demonstrated that the ML receiver shows good interference cancellation performance although its complexity is high.
Relationships between Postharvest Water Loss and Physical Properties of Pepper Fruit (Capsicum annuum L.) (1993)

Physical characteristics [initial water content, surface area, surface area: volume (SA: V) ratio, cuticle weight, epicuticular wax content, and surface morphology] were examined to determine relationships between physical properties and water-loss `rate in pepper fruits. `Keystone', `NuMex R Naky', and `Santa Fe Grande' peppers, differing in physical characteristics, were stored at 8, 14, or 20C. Water-loss rate increased linearly with storage time at each temperature and was different for each cultivar. Water-loss rate was positively correlated with initial water content at 14 and 20C, SA: V ratio at all temperatures, and cuticle thickness at 14 and 20C. Water-loss rate was negatively correlated with surface area and epicuticular wax content at all temperatures. Stomata were absent on the fruit surface, and epicuticular wax was amorphous for each cultivar.
A simplified scoring tool for prediction of readmission in elderly patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments. (2012)

We propose a practical, readily available five-item scoring tool that allows prediction of most unplanned readmissions within 3 months. The strength of this scoring tool, as compared with previously published scores, is its simplicity and straightforwardness.
The Analytic Enterprise Model for the Value Chain (2015)

Current focuses on value chain have moved from automation and functional enhancement to real-time integration and optimization. As businesses extend their internal value chain to include those of their customers, suppliers, distributors and business partners, analytic processes also extend from internal decision structures to decision structures of the extended enterprise. Leveraging the value chains to gain competitive edge through analytics is becoming more important and strategic for business enterprises. Value chain analytics create business intelligence that enhances future operations. At the very front end, businesses can benefit from customer intelligence in the demand value chain, which enhances target marketing campaigns, cross-selling and up-selling opportunities. On the supply management side, businesses can benefit from the buy-side market intelligence in the supply value chain, which enhances supplier performance, reduces purchasing costs, and improves inventory management and quality. This paper proposes an integrated model for value chain analytics across the extended business enterprise.
Bit-level perceptron prediction for indirect branches (2019)

Modern software uses indirect branches for various purposes including, but not limited to, virtual method dispatch and implementation of switch statements. Because an indirect branch's target address cannot be determined prior to execution, high-performance processors depend on highly-accurate indirect branch prediction techniques to mitigate control hazards.
A probabilistic model for Latent Semantic Indexing (2005)

Abstract Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), when applied to semantic space built on text collections, improves information retrieval, information filtering, and word sense disambiguation. A new dual probability model based on the similarity concepts is introduced to provide deeper understanding of LSI. Semantic associations can be quantitatively characterized by their statistical significance, the likelihood . Semantic dimensions containing redundant and noisy information can be separated out and should be ignored because their negative contribution to the overall statistical significance. LSI is the optimal solution of the model. The peak in the likelihood curve indicates the existence of an intrinsic semantic dimension. The importance of LSI dimensions follows the Zipf‐distribution, indicating that LSI dimensions represent latent concepts. Document frequency of words follows the Zipf distribution, and the number of distinct words follows log‐normal distribution. Experiments on five standard document collections confirm and illustrate the analysis.
Match prediction of highly fluorescent colors (1994)

Abstract Color formulation of fluorescent materials is not feasible with the usual methods used for nonfluorescent colors. Realizing the need for certain textiles that are dyed with fluorescent colorants, a technique was developed based on using certain dual‐monochromator measurements of the spectra of fluorescent colorants. to accomplish this formulation, a new spectral quantity independent of illuminant was developed for all fluorescent colorants. This is termed RELEX, which describes the relative excitation of the colorant. When this quantity is weighted by the spectral power distribution for a specific illuminant and factored for absorption by all ingredients in a mixture of colorants, the proper fluorescent emission is obtained, which can be added to the spectral reflected radiance factor, β s , for that mixture. Consequently, match prediction can be done for spectral radiance factor, β T , curves of fluorescent materials using an iterative estimation algorithm.
Advances in imaging of tuberculosis (2014)

¹⁸F-FDG PET and PET/CT may assist early diagnosis and facilitate differentiation between malignancies and TB, identification of extrapulmonary TB, staging of TB, and assessment of treatment response.
Synthesis and applications of graphene quantum dots: a review (2018)

Abstract As a new class of fluorescent carbon materials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding properties and potential applications in biological, optoelectronic, and energy-related fields. Herein, top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of GQDs, mainly containing oxidative cleavage, the hydrothermal or solvothermal method, the ultrasonic-assisted or microwave-assisted process, electrochemical oxidation, controllable synthesis, and carbonization from small molecules or polymers, are discussed. Different methods are presented in order to study their characteristics and their influence on the final properties of the GQDs. The respective advantages and disadvantages of the methods are introduced. With regard to some important or novel methods, the mechanisms are proposed for reference. Moreover, recent exciting progresses on the applications of GQD, such as sensors, bio-imaging, drug carriers, and solar cells are highlighted. Finally, a brief outlook is given, pointing out the issues still to be settled for further development. We believe that new preparation methods and properties of GQDs will be found, and GQDs will play more important roles in novel devices and various applications.
The Z Transformation (1959)

The Stieltjes integral is used to develop a rigorous derivation of the z transform. Sufficient properties of the transformation are included to form a reasonably complete basis far the operational solution of constant coefficient, linear, finite difference equations.
Accurate and Automated System Call Policy-Based Intrusion Prevention (2006)

One way to prevent control hijacking attack is to compare a network application’s run-time system calls with a pre-defined normal system call behavior model, and raise an alert upon detecting a mismatch. This paper describes a system called PAID, which can automatically derive an accurate system call pattern from the source code of an application, and use it to detect any anomalous behavior at run time with minimal overhead. Because each application’s system call pattern is directly derived from its source code, PAID never raises false positive alarms. Moreover, its false negative rate is very close to zero because PAID uses the sequence of return addresses on the user/kernel stack to uniquely identify each system call instance. Experiments on a fully operational PAID prototype show that PAID can indeed stop all known control hijacking attacks. The run-time latency and throughput penalty of PAID are under 13.02% and 11.52%, respectively, when it is tested against a set of production-mode network applications.
Detection of buried pipes using a shear wave ground surface vibration technique (2012)

A major UK initiative, entitled 'Mapping the Underworld', is seeking to address the serious social, environmental and economic consequences arising from an inability to locate the buried utility service infrastructure without resorting to extensive excavations. Mapping the Underworld aims to develop and prove the efficacy of a multi-sensor device for accurate remote buried utility service detection, location and, where possible, identification. One of the technologies to be incorporated in the device is low-frequency vibro-acoustics, and the application of this technology for detecting buried infrastructure is currently being investigated. Here, a shear wave ground vibration technique for detecting buried pipes is described. For this technique, shear waves are generated at the ground surface, and the resulting ground surface vibrations measured, using geophones, along a line traversing the anticipated run of the pipe. Measurements were made at a test site with a single pressurized polyethylene mains water pipe. Time-extended signals were employed to generate the illuminating wave. Cross-correlation functions between the measured ground velocities and a reference measurement adjacent to the excitation were then calculated and summed using a stacking method to generate a cross-sectional image of the ground. The wide cross-correlation peaks caused by high ground attenuation were partially compensated for by using a generalized cross-correlation function called the smoothed coherence transform. To mitigate the effects of other potential sources of vibration in the vicinity, the excitation signal was used as an additional reference when calculating the generalized cross-correlation functions. For two out of three tests, the pipe was detected, indicating that this technique will be a valuable addition to the Mapping the Underworld armoury.