gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disinfection properties of some bovine teat dips (1977)

The efficacy of 18 disinfectant teat dips was tested on teats artificially contaminated with a milk suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. A solution of Na hypochlorite with 40 g/l available chlorine was significantly more bactericidal than one containing 1 g/1 available chlorine and than most other disinfectants tested. The method was not able to distinguish differences in efficacy between solution containing 40g/1 and 10g/1 available chlorine nor between these and some of the iodophors containing 5 g/1 available iodine. The additon of 190-416 g/1 (15-33% v/v) glycerol significantly reduced the bactericidal properties of 3 iodophors (5 g/1 available iodine), but soluble lanolin at approximately 20 g/1 did not appear to lower the efficiency of NaOC1 (45 g/1 available chlorine) or of an iodophor (5 g/1 available iodine).
Simple quantum feedback of a solid-state qubit (2005)

We propose an experiment on quantum feedback control of a solid-state qubit, which is within the reach of the present-day technology. Similar to an earlier proposal [R. Ruskov and A. N. Korotkov, Phys. Rev. B 66, 041401(R) (2002)], the feedback loop is used to maintain coherent oscillations in a qubit for an arbitrarily long time; however, this is done in a significantly simpler way, which eases the bandwidth problem. The main idea is to use the quadrature components of the noisy detector current to monitor approximately the phase of qubit oscillations. The price for simplicity is a less-than-ideal operation: the fidelity is limited to about 95%. The feedback loop operation can be experimentally verified by the appearance of a positive in-phase component of the detector current relative to an external oscillating signal used for synchronization.
Fractals : the patterns of chaos : a new aesthetic of art, science, and nature (1992)

are unique patterns left behind by the unpredictable movements -- the chaos -- of the world at work. The branching patterns of trees, the veins in a hand, water twisting out of a running tap -- all of these are fractals. Learn to recognize them and you will never again see things in quite the same way. permeate our lives, appearing in places as tiny as the surface of a virus and as majestic as the Grand Canyon. From ancient tribal peoples to modern painters to the animators of Star Wars, artists have been captivated by fractals and have utilized them in their work. Computer buffs are wild about fractals as well, for they can be generated on ordinary home computers. In Fractals: The Patterns of Chaos, science writer John Briggs uses over 170 illustrations to clearly explain the significance -- and more importantly, the beauty -- of fractals. He describes how fractals were discovered, how they are formed, and the unique properties different fractals share. Fractals is a breathtaking guided tour of a brand new aesthetic of art, science, and nature. It will revolutionize the way you see the world and your place within it. * Contains a special bibliography listing fractal generating software for desktop computers
The Theory of Electron Cyclotron Maser Devices (1979)

The electron cyclotron maser (gyrotron) is an extremely promising device for efficiently generating coherent, high-power millimeter and sub-millimeter radiation. This paper describes the physical mechanism of the maser as well as the recent theoretical progress made in dramatically a) enhancing the maser efficiency by contouring the external magnetic field and b) increasing the operating bandwidth in the slow wave maser amplifier by employing a dielectrically loaded waveguide.
Brain-inspired computing with resistive switching memory (RRAM): Devices, synapses and neural networks (2018)

The human brain can perform advanced computing tasks, such as learning, recognition, and cognition, with extremely low power consumption and low frequency of neuronal spiking. This is attributed to the highly-parallel and the event-driven scheme of computation, where energy is used only when and where it is needed for processing the information. To mimic the human brain, the fundamental challenges are the replication of the time-dependent plasticity of synapses and the achievement of the high connectivity in biological neuron networks, where the ratio between synapses and neurons is around 10 4 . This combination of high computing capability and density scalability can be obtained with the nanodevice technology, notably by resistive-switching memory (RRAM) devices. In this work, the recent advances in RRAM device technology for memory and synaptic applications are reviewed. First, RRAM devices with improved window and reliability thanks to SiO x dielectric layer are discussed. Then, the application of RRAM in neuromorphic computing are addressed, presenting hybrid synapses capable of spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). Brain-inspired hardware featuring learning and recognition of input patterns are finally presented. • Synapses based on resistive switching memory (RRAM) allow high connectivity and computational efficiency • SiO2 RRAM devices feature high resistance window and multilevel capability which is needed for neuromorphic applications • Unsupervised learning is enabled by spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) via set and reset processes in RRAM synapses • STDP synapses can be used broadly in feedforward and recurrent networks capable of unsupervised learning
Periodontal status of type I diabetics compared to non-diabetic participants: a preliminary study (2014)

A preliminary group matched comparison study of periodontal status was conducted among Indian participants who had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and non-diabetic controls. The mean number of bleeding sites, gigival index score, number of periodontal pocket's and number of clinical loss attachment sites were all significantly higher in cases compared to controls. This study provides evidence that people with type I diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of gingival and periodontal disease.
Magazine Journalism (2019)

This entry provides an overview of the history, production, readership, and influence of magazine journalism. Magazines are known for their ability to connect and build relationships with specific segments of readers using a mix of informative and entertaining articles presented in an engaging package. Although magazines have existed in print for centuries, the digital age has introduced new platforms and tools for sharing content and interacting with readers. This entry addresses the history of magazines from the 1600s until today, as well as examines changing definitions of magazines, the key dimensions through which scholars have addressed this medium, and suggestions for directions for continued magazine scholarship.
A STUDY ON THE FOUNDRY INDUSTRY OF SANJO NIIGATA PREFECTURE (1971)

The writer shows in this paper the stages of development foundry industry of Sanjo: (1) The foundry dependent on handicraft of the farmer's side job. (2) Emergence of the foundry craftsman as a specialist. (3) The first stage of the foundry under the control of the wholesale merchants. (4) The second stage of the foundry under the control of the wholesale merchant. (5) The modernized and concentrated foundry.In the developing stage of the Shogunate Era the foundry craftsmen obtained their materials of products from the wholesale merchants and the deal of their products were under the control of the wholesale merchants. Afterwards the wholesale merchants gave craftsmen the fund to obtain materials. The production and dealing system changed gradually, but remarkable change came after the 2nd World War. The control of the wholesale merchants quickly disappeared since then, and modernized factories were built. Concentration of the factories was the new trend.In spite of modernization, the foundry industry of Sanjo are all the small scale one in both capital and factory even today. The kinds of products which are produced in the different factories are very various and each amount of products is not much. In addition the technical process still depends mainly upon handicraft, most of them are combined each other through various kinds of technical processes. It is one of the reasons why concentration are promoted.
The Syrphid Flies Associated with Arizona Crops (1957)

This is the first of a series of reports based on a sampling of insects on Arizona crops, begun under University of Arizona Experiment Station Project 302 (Arizona Insects of Economic Importance) and continued under Hatch Project 404 (Insect Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests of Arizona Crops). The series will summarize the information gained in the sampling as it relates to parasitic and predaceous insects, with a summary of the pertinent literature on these insects.
Broadcast Scheduling for Mobile Advertising (2003)

We describe a broadcast scheduling system developed for a precision marketing firm specialized in location-sensitive permission-based mobile advertising using SMS (Short Message Service) text messaging. Text messages containing advertisements were sent to registered customers when they were shopping in one of two shopping centers in the vicinity of London. The ads typically contained a limited-time promotional offer. The company's problem was deciding which ads to send out to which customers at what particular time, given a limited capacity of broadcast time slots, while maximizing customer response and revenues from retailers paying for each ad broadcast. We solved the problem using integer programming with an interface in Microsoft Excel. The system significantly reduced the time required to schedule the broadcasts, and resulted both in increased customer response and revenues.
An optimum character recognition system using decision functions (1957)

The character recognition problem, usually resulting from characters being corrupted by printing deterioration and/or inherent noise of the devices, is considered from the viewpoint of statistical decision theory. The optimization consists of minimizing the expected risk for a weight function which is preassigned to measure the consequences of system decisions As an alternative minimization of the error rate for a given rejection rate is used as the critenon. The optimum recogition is thus obtained. The optimum system consists of a conditional-probability densisities computer; character channels, one for each character; a rejection channel; and a comparison network. Its precise structure and and ultimate performance depend essentially upon the signals and noise structure. Explicit examples for an additive Gaussian noise and a ``cosine'' noise are presented. Finally, an error-free recognition system and a possible criterion to measure the character style and deteriortation are presented.
La question d'allergènes potentiels utilisés lors de la préparation du vin (2003)

Les reactions allergiques sont des reactions immunologiques excessives et aberrantes de l'organisme en reponse a un second contact avec un antigene particulier ou allergene. Les allergies, d'une facon generale, touchent 20-30 % de la population et representent selon l'OMS, la 6 eme pathologie. La maitrise des allergies alimentaires representent un probleme de securite du consommateur. La reponse allergique est induite par une tres grande variete d'allergenes et on s'interesse de plus en plus aux allergenes alimentaires du fait de l'apparition de nouveaux ingredients proteiques utilises dans la formulation des produits agro-alimentaires Industriels.
Use of zinc oxide nano particles for production of antimicrobial textiles (2010)

The application of nanoscale materials and structures, usually ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), is an emerging area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles for applications such as catalysis, electronics, textiles, environmental protection, and biotechnology is an area of constant interest. Recently, an awareness of general sanitation, contact disease transmission, and personal protection has led to the development of antimicrobial textiles. The development of antimicrobial cotton fabrics using Zinc oxide nanoparticles has been investigated in this present work. The ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical method and were directly applied on to the 100% cotton woven fabric using pad-dry-cure method. The antibacterial activity of the finished fabrics was assessed qualitatively by agar diffusion and parallel streak method, quantitatively by percentage reduction test. The topographical analysis of the treated fabric and untreated fabric were studied and compared. The results show that the finished fabric demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus in both qualitative and quantitative tests. The SEM analysis revealed the embedding of ZnO nanoparticles in treated fabrics. The wash durability study of the treated fabric was also carried out and found to withstand up to 25 wash cycles. Keywords: Nanoparticles, zinc oxide, antimicrobial finish, wash durability
Feasible Attack on the 13-round AES-256. (2010)

Abstract. In this note we present the first attack with feasible com-plexity on the 13-round AES-256. The attack runs in the related-subkey scenario with four related keys, in 276 time, data, and memory. 1
The System Uranyl Sulfate-Water. II. Temperature-Concentration Relationships Above 250°<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe System Uranyl Sulfate-Water. II. Temperature-Concentration Relationships Above 250°1C. H. SecoyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 8, 3343–3345Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01164a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01164a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluating the State-of-the-Art in Automatic De-identification (2007)

To facilitate and survey studies in automatic de-identification, as a part of the i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology to the Bedside) project, authors organized a Natural Language Processing (NLP) challenge on automatically removing private health information (PHI) from medical discharge records. This manuscript provides an overview of this de-identification challenge, describes the data and the annotation process, explains the evaluation metrics, discusses the nature of the systems that addressed the challenge, analyzes the results of received system runs, and identifies directions for future research. The de-indentification challenge data consisted of discharge summaries drawn from the Partners Healthcare system. Authors prepared this data for the challenge by replacing authentic PHI with synthesized surrogates. To focus the challenge on non-dictionary-based de-identification methods, the data was enriched with out-of-vocabulary PHI surrogates, i.e., made up names. The data also included some PHI surrogates that were ambiguous with medical non-PHI terms. A total of seven teams participated in the challenge. Each team submitted up to three system runs, for a total of sixteen submissions. The authors used precision, recall, and F-measure to evaluate the submitted system runs based on their token-level and instance-level performance on the ground truth. The systems with the best performance scored above 98% in F-measure for all categories of PHI. Most out-of-vocabulary PHI could be identified accurately. However, identifying ambiguous PHI proved challenging. The performance of systems on the test data set is encouraging. Future evaluations of these systems will involve larger data sets from more heterogeneous sources.
Some Improvements on Deep Convolutional Neural Network Based Image Classification (2013)

We investigate multiple techniques to improve upon the current state of the art deep convolutional neural network based image classification pipeline. The techiques include adding more image transformations to training data, adding more transformations to generate additional predictions at test time and using complementary models applied to higher resolution images. This paper summarizes our entry in the Imagenet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2013. Our system achieved a top 5 classification error rate of 13.55% using no external data which is over a 20% relative improvement on the previous year's winner.
Electrosynthesis of TiO2 and Au Nanoparticles for Solar Cell Applications (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Comparative absorption of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal disease. (1980)

The absorption of simultaneously administered equimolar doses of 14C vitamin D3 and 3H 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) has been studied in controls and patients with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. As assessed from peak radioactivity in the serum and from faecal excretion of radioactivity, malabsorption of both vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 occurred in patients with steatorrhoea. Malabsorption of vitamin D3 was greater than 25-OH-D3. The magnitude of malabsorption of these compounds was related to the severity of the steatorrhoea but was moderate enough to suggest that replacement therapy in patients with intestinal malabsorption should be accomplished with relatively small doses of vitamin D. The more potent vitamin D metabolites are probably unnecessary in this situation.
On the Identifiability of the Post-Nonlinear Causal Model (2012)

By taking into account the nonlinear effect of the cause, the inner noise effect, and the measurement distortion effect in the observed variables, the post-nonlinear (PNL) causal model has demonstrated its excellent performance in distinguishing the cause from effect. However, its identifiability has not been properly addressed, and how to apply it in the case of more than two variables is also a problem. In this paper, we conduct a systematic investigation on its identifiability in the two-variable case. We show that this model is identifiable in most cases; by enumerating all possible situations in which the model is not identifiable, we provide sufficient conditions for its identifiability. Simulations are given to support the theoretical results. Moreover, in the case of more than two variables, we show that the whole causal structure can be found by applying the PNL causal model to each structure in the Markov equivalent class and testing if the disturbance is independent of the direct causes for each variable. In this way the exhaustive search over all possible causal structures is avoided.
Analysis of <i>O</i><sup>2′</sup>-Methylnucleoside 5′-Phosphates in Snake Venom Hydrolysates of RNA: Identification of <i>O</i><sup>2′</sup>-Methyl-5-Carboxymethyluridine as a Constituent of Yeast Transfer RNA (1975)

Snake venom phosphodiesterase liberates the O2-methylnucleoside (Nm) constituents of RNA as the corresponding 5-nucleotides (PNm), which, in contrast to normal 5-nucleotides (pN), are resistant to dephosphorylation by venom 5-nucleotidase. This property provides the basis of a convenient and highly reproducible quantitative assay for Nm residues in RNA. The assay method involves: (1) hydrolysis of RNA with whole or partially-purified snake venom; (2) isolation of the pNm derivatives, as a group, by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose; (3) resolution of the individual pNm compounds by two-dimensional paper chromatography; (4) identification and quantitative measurement of pNm derivatives by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry. Using this procedure, the molar proportions of the Nm constituents of wheat embryo, yeast, and Escherichia coli tRNA have been determined. The close correspondence between the values measured by venom hydrolysis and those obtained by analysis of alkali-stable dinucleotide (Nm-Np) sequences attests to the validity of the venom assay, and further indicates that alkali-stable sequences larger than dinucleotides are not present in significant amounts in the tRNA of the above three organisms. During the present investigation, several ultraviolet-absorbing components, not immediately identifiable as ribose-methylated nucleotides, were isolated along with the expected O2-methylnucleoside 5-phosphates. Preliminary characterization of one of these compounds suggests that it is a derivative of a novel nucleoside, O2-methyl-5-carboxymethyluridine (cm5Um is released as part of an alkali-stable dinucleotide, cm5Um-Ap. The proportion of pU-2 in venom hydrolysates of yeast tRNA (0.02 mol percent, the same as the content of cm5Um-Ap in alkaline hydrolysates) suggests that O2-methyl-5-carboxymethyluridine may be confined to a single isoaccepting species of tRNA in yeast. In an allied study, reinvestigation of the alkali-stable dinucleotide sequences of baker's yeast tRNA has confirmed previous results concerning the sequence distribution of O2-methylribose in yeast tRNA (Gray, M. W. & Lane, B.G. (1967) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 134, 243-257).
Surface interaction calculations over the Gulf of Tonkin (1973)

Two steady-state situations over the Gulf of Tonkin during winter were selected for a detailed study of air-sea interaction in relation to observed cloudiness. In one case southeasterly winds prevailed, and skies were nearly clear. The cloudy situation was marked by strong outflow from the continent with very low cloud bases over the whole Gulf of Tonkin. The exchange of sensible and latent heat at the air-sea interface is calculated for these two cases, and deductions are drawn concerning the difference between the states of sky utilizing these calculations in conjunction with synoptic-scale convergence and divergence patterns.DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00627.x
Crystal structure of the DNA nucleotide excision repair enzyme UvrB from <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> (1999)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most important DNA-repair mechanism in living organisms. In prokaryotes, three enzymes forming the UvrABC system initiate NER of a variety of structurally different DNA lesions. UvrB, the central component of this system, is responsible for the ultimate DNA damage recognition and participates in the incision of the damaged DNA strand. The crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus UvrB reveals a core that is structurally similar to core regions found in helicases, where they constitute molecular motors. Additional domains implicated in binding to DNA and various components of the NER system are attached to this central core. The architecture and distribution of DNA binding sites suggest a possible model for the DNA damage recognition process.
The Development of Aluminum-Lithium Alloys. (1980)

Aluminum-lithium based alloys have shown promise as high strength, high modulus, low density alloys, but suffer from low toughness levels currently unacceptable in aerospace design. The present study was directed toward increasing the fracture toughness of such alloys in sheet form, primarily through alloying. Attempts to increase fracture toughness were made through modification of the fracture-controlling Al3Li precipitate, addition of dispersoid-forming elements, and the use of coprecipitation of other phases.