gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marriage Equality and a Lawyer's Role in the Emergence of "New" Rights (2019)

The last few decades have seen a dramatic change in the way in which Americans view LGBT rights, and the right to same-sex marriage in particular. In 1972, the Supreme Court issued its first opinion on same-sex marriage. In sharp contrast with Obergefell v. Hodges, which established the constitutional right to marriage equality in 2015, the case of Baker v. Nelson held in one sentence that the idea that such a right might exist was not even worth discussing. What happened in the intervening forty years to change the outcome so profoundly? And how can attorneys seek to replicate that success in developing other, hitherto-unrecognized rights for their clients?\nThis Article posits a practical, conceptual model by which a lawyer may develop “new” institutionally recognized rights on behalf of a client, using Obergefell as a roadmap. Most advocacy by lawyers in traditional law firm settings remains one-dimensional, focusing solely on jurisprudential progress and outcomes rather than wholistic, multidisciplinary advocacy. But the development of rights seldom happens solely as a consequence of changes in judicial philosophy. As such, this Article first discusses rights as occurring in three stages and then suggests a framework of five “movers” that a lawyer may deliberately employ to move rights through those stages, both in and out of the courtroom, using the lessons learned from Obergefell.
Gender differences in pressure pain threshold in a repeated measures assessment (2007)

The objective of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the pain threshold, considering the type of pressure point, its location and the repetition of the assessment. The pressure pain threshold was evaluated in 30 healthy volunteers (12 men and 18 women) in three assessment sessions separated by 15 min and 7 days, respectively. Each assessment session was in turn composed of two trials in each of which 24 different pressure points (symmetrically located), representing the 18 tender points for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia and six control points, were assessed. Gender differences were found in the pain threshold for all of the points and the measures taken, women showing a lower pain threshold in comparison to men and being these differences more pronounced for control points than for tender points, the former reaching statistical significance in all cases. The analysis of the influence of repeated measures on gender differences in the pain threshold showed a distinct pattern of recuperation in men than in women, although only one difference in pain threshold was significant. The utility of the tender point concept to study gender differences in pain threshold and the mechanisms that may explain different patterns of recuperation between genders are discussed.
An Improved Intelligent Multi Biometric Authentication System (2015)

The beginning of the 21st century was marked with events that focused on the world's attention to public security. Increase in technological advancement gave people possibilities of information transfer and ease of physical mobility unseen before. With those possibilities comes risk of fraud, theft of personal data, or even theft of identity. One of the ways to prevent this is through biometric authentication system. Unibiometric systems rely on the evidence of a single source of information whereas multibiometric systems consolidate multiple sources of biometric evidences. Multibiometric systems, if designed properly, are able to enhance the matching performance. In this paper, Intelligent Multi-Biometric Authentication System, face and fingerprint biometric traits are used. When the images are captured, preprocessing in face and fingerprint images is done using Enhanced Extracted Face (EEF) method and Plainarized Region Of Interest (PROI) method respectively. These are fed into a Cascaded Link Feed Forward Neural Network(CLFFNN) which is a classifier trained with backpropagation algorithm. CLFFNN comprises of CLFFNN(1) used for training and CLFFNN(2) used as the main classifier. They are arranged in cascades. Afterwards, both outputs from face and fingerprints are combined using AND operation.
The Institute of Navigation-The Second Quarter-Century (1995)

This paper presents a history of The Institute of Navigation from the beginning of 1970 through early 1995. It focuses on the dramatic technological advances that were being embraced by the navigation community at the start of this period, their influences upon the Institute, and the changes adopted by the Institute to accommodate them. Some comments and concerns about the future are also presented.
Calculation of effective atomic numbers using a rational polynomial approximation method with a dual-energy X-ray imaging system (2021)

The study aims to develop a rational polynomial approximation method for improving the accuracy of the effective atomic number calculation with a dual-energy X-ray imaging system. This method is based on a multi-materials calibration model with iterative optimization, which can improve the calculation accuracy of the effective atomic number by adding a rational term without increasing the computation time. The performance of the proposed rational polynomial approximation method is demonstrated and validated by both simulated and experimental studies. The twelve reference materials are used to establish the effective atomic number calibration model, and the value of the effective atomic numbers are between 5.444 and 22. For the accuracy of the effective atomic number calculation, the relative differences between calculated and experimental values are less than 8.5%for all sample cases in this study. The average calculation accuracy of the method proposed in this study can be improved by about 40%compared with the conventional polynomial approximation method. Additionally, experimental quality assurance phantom imaging result indicates that the proposed method is compliant with the international baggage inspection standards for detecting the explosives. Moreover, the experimental imaging results reveal that the difference of color between explosives and the surrounding materials is in significant contrast for the dual-energy image with the proposed method.
Demonstration of a shared epitope among mycobacterial antigens using a monoclonal antibody. (1985)

An IgM monoclonal antibody designated TB-C-1 which is broadly reactive with mycobacteria has been studied to characterize the antigens with which it reacts. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated reactivity not only with culture filtrates of several mycobacterial species but with several purified antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including protein antigens 5 and 6 and polysaccharides arabinogalactan and arabinomannan. Immunoblotting demonstrated reactivity with four distinct components of M. tuberculosis. Reactions with components of similar mol. wt were demonstrated for several other mycobacterial species, although fewer components bound with TB-C-1 in these other mycobacteria than in M. tuberculosis. Immunoabsorbents were prepared from TB-C-1 and used to isolate antigens with which the antibody reacted. Multiple antigens were identified in the eluates from M. tuberculosis, including protein antigens 6 and 7, arabinomannan, and arabinogalactan. Fewer components were recovered from other species of mycobacteria. Affinity of binding of immunoabsorbents was similar for all antigens bound. These results indicate that a common epitope is widely shared among antigens of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria and they suggest that species specificity of mycobacterial antigens may rest with individual epitopes rather than intact antigenic molecules.
Silicon-based inorganic electrets for application in micromachined devices (1996)

Layers of SiO/sub 2/ and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ have good mechanical properties for application in micro-machined electret capacitor microphones. These materials are investigated as single or double layers in terms of chargeability and long-term charge stability. The main emphasis is put on the miniaturization of electret layers. The lateral dimensions of the electrets are reduced to 2 mm and the charge decay characteristics under different environmental conditions are described. According to the experimental data, multilayer samples of silicon dioxide and nitride possess good chargeability and higher charge stability compared to the well investigated single layers. Typically, the double layers loose /spl sim/10% of their surface potential when annealed for 200 min at 300/spl deg/C and show a peak of the thermally stimulated current at 430/spl deg/C. It can also be shown that the miniaturization of samples does not necessarily cause a faster charge decay.
CIS Publication Spotlight [Publication Spotlight] (2014)

Provides 8 abstracts of articles published in other IEEE periodicals.
Evaluating an Automatic Text-based Test Case Selection using a Non-Instrumented Code Coverage Analysis (2017)

During development, systems may be tested several times. In general, a system evolves from change requests, aiming at improving its behavior in terms of new features as well as fixing failures. Thus, selecting the best test plan in terms of the closeness between test cases and the changed code and its dependencies is pursued by industry and academia. In this paper we measure the coverage achieved by an automatic test case selection based on information retrieval that relates change requests and test cases. But instead of using off-the-shelf coverage tools, like JaCoCo, we propose a way of obtaining code coverage of Android apk's without instrumentation. This was a basic requirement of our industrial partner. We performed some experiments on this industrial partner and promising results were obtained.
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR RECENTLY DETECTED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. (2000)

Lupo, Francesco1; Zamboni, Fausto1; Campi, Massimo1; Ricchiuti, Alessandro1; Veltri, Andrea2; Rocca, Giuseppe3; Rizzetto, Mario3; Salizzoni, Mauro1 Author Information
Behaviour of commercial systemic fungicides in conventional (non‐systemic) tests (1971)

Abstract Biological screens specifically designed to detect systemic fungicides, besides being slow, labour‐intensive, wasteful of chemicals and very expensive, may be expected to bias the results in favour of types of activity already encountered. Evidence is presented to show that simple, non‐systemic tests are efficient in selecting active chemicals with systemic properties.
THE PREPARATION OF 1,1'- AND 3,3'-BIISOQUINOLINE<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF 1,1'- AND 3,3'-BIISOQUINOLINE1FRANCIS H. CASECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 3, 471–472Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01137a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01137a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimating Capital Asset Price Indexes (1997)

This paper introduces an improved procedure for estimating capital asset price indexes. We jointly estimate conventional hedonic and repeat sales models via maximum-likelihood procedures, thereby taking advantage of the unique features of the individual models and using all the data that are available. Our model captures depreciation within the repeat sales model and accounts for serial correlation in hedonic data. The improvement in precision obtained by estimating the joint model is illustrated by smaller standard errors and narrower interval estimates for the resulting price indexes. We also carry out a simulation experiment that shows estimation errors significantly smaller using the joint estimation technique than either of the individual models or the GLS estimator of Case and Quigley (1991).
The interaction between the membrane-proximal external region and the N-trimer region of HIV-1 gp41： Involvement in viral fusion (2009)

膜 gp41 的近似外部区域(MPER ) 极其在多样的 HIV-1 变体之中被保存，在病毒的感染暗示它的重要角色。有趣地，广泛地抵销抗体， 2F5 和 4E10 的二个大多数，明确地认出这个区域。我们的以前的学习证明 4E10 epitope 的 antigenicity 和 immunogenicity 被改变 gp41 熔化核心影响，建议 MPER 可以与 gp41 核心被联系并且在调停 gp41 的膜熔化包含了。这里，我们与各种各样的 gp41 测量了 4E10 epitope 肽(D4E10P ) 的有约束力的活动导出核心的肽并且发现在构造的 N 整齐区域指明 N-trimer-6HB 与 D4E10P 显著地交往了。使用 N-trimer-6HB 屏蔽一个噬菌体图书馆，我们识别了位于可以在 gp41 熔化核心在和N整齐的 gp41 MPER 的相互作用起某个作用的 4E10 epitope 的一个主题( WF )并且，我们因此在在病毒的信封和目标房间膜之间的熔化过程在 MPER 的潜在的参与之上推测了。
Interaction between stimuli and their antagonists on frog esophageal peptic glands (1985)

The peptic glands, which are located in the mucosa of the distal esophagus in the frog, respond to multiple stimuli. In vitro studies were performed, using mucosal sheets of the esophagus of Rana catesbeiana, during the summer months when the glands are fully responsive to determine whether the receptors for the stimuli [cholinergic, beta-adrenergic, and peptidergic (bombesin but not cholecystokinin)] are specific to the stimuli. Through the use of three classes of antagonist, we found that 1) atropine defined the muscarinic nature of the bethanechol stimulation, 2) propranolol defined the beta-adrenergic nature of stimulation by isoproterenol, and 3) the substance P analogue [D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]substance P was specific for the peptide bombesin. No cross-inhibition was seen, and dibutyryl cGMP did not inhibit any of the three stimuli. Moreover, any two of the three stimuli in combination stimulated more pepsinogen than either alone but the same as the sum of the two individual responses. Both lines of evidence indicate that there are at least three independent receptor pathways for stimulation of pepsinogen secretion in these glands.
Binding of a phosphoprotein to the 3' untranslated region of the mouse protamine 2 mRNA temporally represses its translation. (1993)

The synthesis of the protamines, the predominant nuclear proteins of mammalian spermatozoa, is regulated during germ cell development by mRNA storage for about 7 days in the cytoplasm of differentiating spermatids. Two highly conserved sequences, the Y and H elements present in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of all known mammalian protamine mRNAs, form RNA-protein complexes and specifically bind a protein of 18 kDa. Here, we show that translation of fusion mRNAs was markedly repressed in reticulocyte lysates supplemented with a mouse testis extract enriched for the 18-kDa protein when the mRNAs contained the 3' UTR of mouse protamine 2 (mP2) or the Y and H elements of mP2. No significant decrease was seen when the fusion mRNAs contained the 3' UTR of human growth hormone. The 18-kDa protein is developmentally regulated in male germ cells, requires phosphorylation for RNA binding, and is found in the ribonucleoprotein particle fractions of a testicular postmitochondrial supernatant. We propose that a phosphorylated 18-kDa protein plays a primary role in repressing translation of mP2 mRNA by interaction with the highly conserved Y and H elements. At a later stage of male gamete differentiation, the 18-kDa protein no longer binds to the mRNA, likely as a result of dephosphorylation, enabling the protamine mRNA to be translated.
Zhisou Powder and three children to support pro-Decoction efficacy of adjuvant treatment of elderly pneumonia Analysis (2010)

Objective To Observe Zhisou Powder and three sub-biological parent Decoction efficacy of adjuvant therapy for pneumonia in the elderly.Methods Choose from January 2007 to January 2009 hospitalized patients with pneumonia,116 cases of elderly ,56 cascs were randomly divided into treatment group and control group 60 cases.The control group were treated with conventional Western medicine treatment,including antibacterial drugs,cough phlegm,asthma,oxygen,etc.,the treatment group in the control group supplemented with oral administration on the basis of the third son of Yang Zhisou Powder and pro-decoctiou decoction were compared cough,sputum improves the time patients,pulmonary rales reduce the time and the X-ray absorption degree of difference in inflammation.Results The treatment group improved time to cough sputum,pulmonary rales reduce the time and the X-ray absorption level of inflammation were better than that in the control group,the difference was significant,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusion And other antibacterial drugs in Western medicine on the basis of conventional therapy supplemented by oral administration Zhisou Powder and three sons to support the pro-Tang Decoction senile pneumonia,efficacy is better and be able to short the course,reduce the usc of antimicrobial drugs,thereby reduce the drug-resistant generation and improve the prognosis has important clinical significance.

Key words: 
Zhisou Powder;  Three sons,the pro-Tang Yang;  Senile Pneumonia
Molecular resists based on calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives for EB lithography (2009)

Molecular resists are excellent candidates for next-generation lithography because of their resolution and line edge roughness properties. Calixarenes and their derivatives have been evaluated by several research groups as resist materials. However, resists based on calixarene derivatives have issue, such as low adhesiveness to substrates and high solubility, in a standard 0.26 N alkaline developer. In this study, a series of calix[4]resorcinarene (CRA) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as negative-tone chemical amplified resists for EB lithography. Typical resist components include the CRA, a photo acid generator, a cross linker, a quencher and solvent. Dissolution rates of CRA derivatives for an alkaline developer have been optimized. As a result, the best of the resists exhibited a resolution of under 20 nm halfpitch with reasonable sensitivity under 100 kV electron beam exposures. Furthermore, the resists based on CRA derivatives showed improvements in adhesiveness to substrate and sissolution properties.
Characterization and hepatogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human amniotic fluid and human bone marrow: A comparative study (2008)

Since stem cells can differentiate into hepatocyte, stem cell-based therapy becomes a potential alternative treatment for terminal liver diseases. However, an appropriate source of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for hepatocytes has not yet been clearly elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro biological characterization and hepatic differentiation potential of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-hMSCs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs). Our results show that AF-hMSCs possess higher proliferation and self-renewal capacity than BM-hMSCs. Cytogenetic studies indicate that AF-hMSCs are as genetically stabile as BM-hMSCs. Following incubation with specific hepatogenic agents, AF-hMSCs showed a higher hepatic differentiation potential than BM-hMSCs. Expression of several liver-specific markers was significantly greater in AF-hMSCs than in BM-hMSCs, as shown by real time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence (IF). In conclusion, AF-hMSCs possess superior potential for hepatic differentiation, making them more suitable for diverse terminal liver diseases.
Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticide Metabolites with Gestational Age and Birth Weight (2012)

Prenatal urinary ΣDAP concentrations were associated with shortened gestation and reduced birth weight in this cohort, but the effects differed by race/ethnicity and PON1(192/108) genotypes.
The SHOP tracking and notification system (2002)

Tracking various tasks and operations in a manufacturing environment and notifying appropriate personnel when problems arise has traditionally been managed manually, with collected data retained in books at each tool. Often, particular information would be missing, inaccurate or illegible, making it difficult for manufacturing, engineering and maintenance to use in any systematic way. This paper describes a software tracking and notification system that acts as a common front-end for all of its programs and interfaces with other information systems on the manufacturing floor. This system, called Save Hours On Paperwork (SHOP), is readily accessible from either in or outside of the product fabricator and incorporates more than 50 separate functions for manufacturing, engineering and maintenance by automatically performing tracking and notification tasks. SHOP has eliminated the need for manual, time-consuming record keeping and significantly reduced human error.
Activation of Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes Occurs in Diabetes (2005)

Blood levels of inflammatory markers associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis are increased in diabetic patients; the highest levels occur in poorly controlled diabetes. We investigated the activation state of peripheral blood monocytes in diabetes with respect to scavenger receptor (CD36) expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors mRNA expression. CD14(+) monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with good (HbA(1c) <7.0%) or poor (>9.4%) glycemic control and a group of nondiabetic subjects. Monocytes from diabetic subjects displayed increased CD36 cell surface expression (P < 0.0005) and increased uptake of oxidized LDL (P < 0.05). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression was increased in monocytes from both groups of diabetic subjects (P < 0.05). Both CD68 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression were increased in the poorly controlled diabetic group (P < 0.05 for each), whose monocytes also displayed increased attachment to endothelial monolayers (P < 0.0005 vs. nondiabetic control subjects). In poorly controlled diabetes, CD14(+) monocytes are functionally activated and show some of the differentiation markers associated with macrophages. These monocytes also demonstrate an increased ability for attachment to normal endothelial cells, one of the early stages in atherogenesis.