gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissipative quantum Hall effect in polycrystalline CVD graphene (2014)

We report on a study of the quantum Hall effect in large area Hall bars made of polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition and then transferred on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrate. The longitudinal conductivity σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xx</sub> measured near Landau Level filling factors ±2, ±6 evidences a strong backscattering of carriers even at T=0.3 K and B=19 T. It results that the Hall resistance is not quantized at the metrological level. σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xx</sub> increases (decreases) as a function of the temperature (magnetic induction) following unexpected power laws that are not compatible with usual backscattering mechanisms like variable range hopping or inter-Landau level activation. With the support of structural characterizations and numerical simulations, we discuss the role of line defects (wrinkles and grain boundaries) crossing the Hall bar which can short-circuit the counter-propagating edge states.
Heat Transfer with Propane Evaporation from a Porous Wick of Heat Pipe (2001)

Heat transfer enhancement in the evaporator of a vapordynamic thermosyphon and loop heat pipe (LHP) filled with propane is discussed. The experimental data for heat transfer with propane pool boiling on horizontal smooth and porous tubes inside the vapordynamic thermosyphon and the LHP evaporator were recorded for saturation temperature Ts = 0−30°C and heat input q = 0.1−120 kW/m2 (q = 0.02−30 kW/m2 for LHP evaporator). Heat transfer intensification up to 3−5 times was obtained with a heat transfer coefficient up to 30 × 103 W/m2.
Load relaxation studies of zircaloy-4 (1976)

The results of the present work have shown (1) the load relaxation data of Zircaloy-4 in the temperature range of 200/sup 0/C to 385/sup 0/C can be represented by the phenomenological model based on Hart's plastic equation of state; (2) the room temperature load relaxation data reflect the effects of deformation twinning; (3) at higher temperatures the load relaxation data suggest the contribution of grain boundary sliding; and (4) the effects of strain aging can be identified based on the load relaxation data.
The Influence of Piezoelectric Scaffolds on Neural Differentiation of Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (2012)

Human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSCs/NPCs) are a promising cell source for neural tissue engineering because of their ability to differentiate into various neural lineages. In this study, hNSC/NPC differentiation was evaluated on piezoelectric, fibrous scaffolds. These smart materials have an intrinsic material property where transient electric potential can be generated in the material upon minute mechanical deformation. hNSCs/NPCs cultured on the scaffolds and films differentiated into β-III tubulin-positive cells, a neuronal cell marker, with or without the presence of inductive factors. In contrast, hNSCs/NPCs cultured on laminin-coated plates were predominantly nestin positive, a NSC marker, in the control medium. Gene expression results suggest that the scaffolds may have promoted the formation of mature neural cells exhibiting neuron-like characteristics. hNSCs/NPCs differentiated mostly into β-III tubulin-positive cells and had the greatest average neurite length on micron-sized, annealed (more piezoelectric), aligned scaffolds, demonstrating their potential for neural tissue-engineering applications.
Seroprevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in a Uruguayan rural human population (1991)

Serological tests using hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) are useful as a primary screen for detecting asymptomatic infections due to Echinococcus granulosus in human populations. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with whole sheep HCF was used to determine the prevalence of hydatid antibodies in a rural human population in Uruguay. In order to eliminate cross-reactions with sheep proteins in HCF, 1% normal sheep serum was added to each human serum before testing. ELISA seropositives were further tested using the double diffusion test (DD5) and confirmed where possible by ultrasound and X-ray examination. Serum samples were obtained from 420 individuals inhabiting rural areas in the Department of Paysandu (160), Rivera (21) and San José (239). An overall seroprevalence of 1.24% was obtained. Two of 17 seroreactors were subsequently proven to have hydatidosis. These results confirm and extend previous studies indicating an unusually high prevalence of E. granulosus infection in the Uruguayan population.
Investigations of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. (1993)

The pathogenesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced ulceration is still not completely understood, but it is possible that these effects are associated with a cytoprotective prostaglandin deficiency. Visible marks of gastric mucosa erosions induced by 25 mg/kg indomethacin in rats were determined parallel with the changes of PGE2, PGI2, TxA2 and leukotrienes content in gastric mucosa at various intervals. Beside the decreased level of the so-called cytoprotective prostaglandins caused by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme an overproduction of 5-lipoxygenase products (leukotrienes) was also found. To investigate the hypothesis that the gastric damage caused by NSAIDs is due not only to the decreased level of cyclooxygenase products but to the increased level of lipoxygenase products as well, different lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene antagonists were tested. A lipoxygenase inhibitor and the structurally similar phenidone inhibited the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin at the same high dose range. The selective lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroquaiaretic acid and dual inhibitors can reduce the severity of ulcer formation in lower concentrations as well. The first specific antagonist of SRS-A and a potent and selective antagonist of LTD4 produced a significant gastroprotective effect at i.p. treatment only at high doses. All of these results suggest that an overproduction of leukotrienes and other lipoxygenase products, following cyclooxygenase blockade induced by NSAIDs, may play a role in the development of gastric mucosal damage.
Straightforward access to chalcogenoureas derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes and their coordination chemistry (2020)

Chalcogen-based urea compounds supported by a wide range of N-heterocyclic carbenes are synthesised and fully characterised. Coordination of selenoureas is further explored with Group 11 transition metals to form new copper, gold and silver complexes. Single crystal X-ray analyses unambiguously establish the solid-state coordination of these complexes and show that the geometry of a complex is highly influenced by a combination of electronic properties - mainly π-accepting ability - and steric hindrance of the ligands, as well as the nature of the metal, affording a variety of coordination behaviours. In this report, we investigate these phenomena using several experimental methods.
Nanoscopic Coulomb explosion in ultrafast graphite ablation (2007)

The authors report single-shot femtosecond laser ablation experiments on the highly oriented pyrolitic graphite surface. The yield of positively charged carbon clusters has been measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The reconstructed velocity distribution of atomic carbon ions indicates that the observed Coulomb explosion is most pronounced for fluences slightly above the damage threshold. Atomic force microscopy studies of the damage spots indicate nanoscopic removal of intact monolayers. The results imply a significant degree of charge localization on the surface graphite layers.
Proteomic Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2012)

Abstract AMD is a complex disease and a major cause of visual loss in the elderly worldwide1,2. Deposition of debris (drusen) along Bruch's membrane in the macula is the first evidence of AMD. Advanced AMD occurs in two forms, geographic atrophyandchoroidalneovascularization(CNV). Geographic atrophy develops slowly and results in blindness when focal areas of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degenerate in the macula. CNV is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels from the choriocapillaris through Bruch's membrane and the RPE, causing blindness. CNV accounts for over 80% of AMD debilitating visual loss yet only 10–15% of cases progress to CNV. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments can inhibit the progression of CNV1, and antioxidant vitamins and zinc can slow dry AMD progression for select individuals3. There are no universally effective therapies for the prevention of AMD, nor are there therapies to repair retinal damage in advanced AMD. However, intense AMD drug discovery efforts are ongoing4, driven by the aging population and projected increases in advanced AMD5. There is growing consensus that AMD is an inflammatory disease involving dysregulation of the complement system1,2,6. This evidence includes complement-associated AMD susceptibility genes7,8,9,10,11,12,13 and elevated complement proteins in drusen14,15,16 and AMD Bruch's membrane/choroid17. About 60% of proteins elevated in macular AMD Bruch's membrane/choroid are involved in inflammatory processes and the immune response17. For many years AMD has been hypothesized as a systemic disease15, based in part on the presence of retinal drusen in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II18 and more recently on systemic complement activation in the disease19. The molecular triggers of the AMD inflammatory response have yet to be well defined; however, reactive oxygen species are key regulators of inflammatory reactions and the immune response20,21,22. Oxidative stress appears to be a likely catalyst of AMD pathology as smoking significantly increases AMD risk23 and a host of oxidative modifications are elevated in AMD ocular tissues and body fluids14,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32. Why retinal tissues in select individuals become more susceptible to oxidative damage in old age remains unknown. AMD susceptibility genes have been implicated in over 50% of AMD cases33, yet many individuals with AMD risk-genotypes never develop advanced AMD. Unfortunately, clinicians cannot predict which patients will progress to advanced AMD with severe visual loss, and the prevalence of advanced AMD is approaching epidemic proportions5. This chapter reviews current evidence supporting plasma protein carboxymethyllysine (CML), pentosidine and carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) as AMD biomarkers29,30. These proteomic biomarkers in combination with genomic markers of AMD risk offer promise for enhancing clinical prognostic capability and improved monitoring of AMD therapeutics.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON IN SITU TISSUE ENGINEERING OF STOMACH USING NEW COLLAGEN SPONGE SCAFFOLD COATED WITH BIODEGRABLE COPOLYMERS (2006)

Reconstruction of digestive tract was tried using acellular collagen sponge scaffold supported by silicone sheet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of collagen sponge scaffold coated with poly(D,L-lactide- co-ε-caprolactone) and the effect of autologous cell seeding. In the previous study, the silicone sheet was necessary for protection of collagen sponge from degeneration by digestive juices and for prevention of shrinkage of scaffold, and it should be removed endoscopically 4 weeks after operation. In this study, a biodegrable copolymer was used instead of the silicone sheet. Effect of cell seeding on tissue regeneration was investigated using peripheral blood cell(group A), bone marrow cell(group B) and mesenchymal stem cell(group C). A 5-cm circular anterior wall was resected from the stomach in six beagle dogs. The defect was repaired by biodegrable patch measuring 5cm in diameter and sutures. The ingestion was started from the next day of operation. Endoscopic observation was carried out until 4months after surgery. Local tissue regeneration was examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Endoscopically shrinkage went on until 4weeks after operation, and epithelization started from the circumference. At 16 weeks luminal surface was completely covered with regenerated mucosa. The results indicate that experimentally no complications was detected and histologically no significant differences was observed in three groups.
The Production of Radionuclides for Radiotracers in Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Medical applications represent the vast majority of the uses for radiotracers. This review addresses how accelerators are employed for the production of high purity radionuclides that are used in basic biomedical research, as well as for clinical medicine both for diagnosing disease and for treatment.
General conditions of collinearity at the phase boundaries of fluid mixtures (1987)

Abstract The general collinearity conditions at phase boundaries for mixtures are proved by thermodynamic identities for density and for entropy as functions of temperature, pressure, and composition. In the case of density/temperature/pressure/composition collinearity is always found at the cricondentherm or any temperature extremum, whereas for entropy/temperature/pressure/composition collinearity is always found at the cricondenbar or any pressure extremum. Qualitative phase diagrams for a typical binary system are presented in accordance with the derived inequalities. Whether a particular slope, involving the above variables, from the homogeneous side of the phase boundary is greater or less than that from the heterogeneous side depends on location on the phase boundary with respect to cricondentherm, critical point, and cricondenbar.
Relationship of estradiol and progesterone levels to uterine blood flow during early pregnancy. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of uterine blood flow to serum estradiol and progesterone during early pregnancy. Recumbent uterine artery average velocity, diameter, blood flow volume and uterine and spiral artery resistance were measured using vaginal Doppler ultrasound 118 times in 43 patients during gestational (postmenstrual) weeks 5 to 16. Relationships to serum progesterone and estrogen were analyzed before and after week 10, when intervillous circulation begins, by multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to correct for the effect of gestational age. After correction for gestational age, estradiol was negatively related to uterine artery flow volume (p < 0.05), diameter (p < 0.05), pulsatility index (p < 0.05) and resistance index (p < 0.01) for weeks 5-16 and to diameter (p < 0.05) after week 9. Progesterone was positively related to volume (p < 0.05) and velocity (p < 0.01) for weeks 5-16 and to volume (p < 0.05) for weeks 5 to 9. Spiral artery indices of resistance were unrelated to hormone levels. These results indicate that before the 10th gestational week, uterine blood flow volume is related to progesterone, but not estradiol levels, and suggest that high estradiol levels during and after the 10th week may be associated with decreased uterine blood flow volume.
Edge detection using a complex wavelet (1994)

A complex wavelet is used in the continuous wavelet transform to obtain edges from a digital image in two orthogonal directions. The square root of the sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts of the wavelet transform are used to find the edges in an arbitrary direction. Theoretical models are derived for the cases of a step edge and ramp edge. The computer implementation of the wavelet edge detector involves the creation of two masks; one for the real part and one for the imaginary part. An expression is derived for the size of the edge masks using the inflection points of a curve derived from the wavelet. Finally, the edge detector is applied to two synthetic aperture radar images, and the resulting images are shown.
Serologic responses of cattle and other animals infected with Neospora caninum (1996)

The IFA test for N caninum was specific for the diagnosis of neosporosis in animals.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1993)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders and is used increasingly for the evaluation of a variety of diseases in other organ systems. The interpretation of magnetic resonance images is complex. In this time of cost containment in medicine, its high cost necessitates extra care in selecting appropriate clinical indications. In this article we shall review the basic principles, major clinical applications, and cost-benefit considerations in this rapidly changing field as well as upcoming developments.Physical PrinciplesMRI, or nuclear MRI, has its roots in the pioneering work of Bloch, . . .
Conformation-controlled hydrogen storage in the CAU-1 metal–organic framework (2016)

We have studied the mechanism of hydrogen storage in the aluminium based metal-organic framework CAU-1 or [Al<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(OCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>C-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] using a complementary multidisciplinary approach of volumetric gas sorption analysis, in situ neutron diffraction and spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The structure of CAU-1 forms two different types of microporous cages: (i) an octahedral cage with a diameter of about 10 Å and (ii) a tetrahedral cage with a diameter of about 5 Å. Though all metal sites of CAU-1 are fully coordinated, the material exhibits relatively high storage capacities, reaching 4 wt% at a temperature of 70 K. Our results reveal that hydrogen sorption is dominantly driven by cooperative guest-guest interactions and interactions between guest hydrogen molecules and organic linkers. The adsorption of hydrogen on the organic linkers leads to the contraction of the host framework structure and as a result to changes in the electronic potential surface inside the pores. This, in turn, leads to cooperative rearrangement of the molecules inside the pores and to the formation of additionally occupied positions, increasing hydrogen uptake. At the final stage we observe the formation of solid amorphous hydrogen inside the pores.
[Parkinson disease. Role of surgical treatment]. (1997)

Des techniques en fonction de la symtomatologie: Le traitement chirurgical de la maladie de Parkinson a beaucoup evolue au cours de ces dernieres annees. Le tremblement de repos est actuellement tres bien controle par la stimulation chronique du thalamus. La pallidotomie ou la stimulation chronique du pallidum sont efficaces sur les dyskinesie dopa-induites. La stimulation chronique du noyau sous-thalamique ou les greffes intrastriatales de neurones dopaminergiques sont des nterventions encore au stade experimental. Elles s'averent d'ores et deja remarquablement efficaces sur l'akinesie. Uniquement en deuxieme intention: Toutes ces interventions ne sont a discuter que chez des patients bien suivis cliniquement et qui resistent ou echappent a un traitement medical bien conduit. La dopatherapie doit avoir ete suffisamment prolongee, a une dose d'au moins 1000 milligrammes par jour.
Dynamic spin correlations in stuffed spin ice<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ho</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2008)

The magnetic correlations in ``stuffed'' spin ice ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{2+x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ have been characterized using quasielastic neutron scattering. At temperatures above $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, these correlations are short ranged in nature and dynamic on a picosecond to nanosecond time scale. As for the case of pure spin ice ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, one can identify, above the freezing temperature, a quantum relaxation regime which is enhanced as it persists to even higher temperatures, $T\ensuremath{\sim}30--40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, than in the parent compound.
ROSE-300: a flexible architecture for a high performance oblique ionosonde (1994)

A high quality high frequency (HF) oblique chirp ionosonde known as ROSE (Radio Oblique Sounding Equipment) has been developed for use in propagation research and associated studies of the ionosphere. Two versions of ROSE have already been demonstrated and one has recently been deployed to provide scientific data for a propagation experiment. Recent developments have resulted in an improved architecture, designated ROSE-300, which allows adaptability and adds an increased affordability to the system. This paper describes ROSE and discusses the new architecture and techniques which have now been incorporated. Applications to ionospheric research are mentioned and an emphasis is placed upon the additional capabilities offered by the new design.
Overexpression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in multidrug resistant cancer cells. (2003)

Multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) display variations in invasive and metastatic behavior. We previously reported that these properties of MDR cancer cell lines overexpressing P-gp could be altered by chemotherapeutic drugs or MDR modulators (R. S. Kerbel et al., Cancer Surv., 7: 597-629, 1988). To attempt to clarify the mechanism(s) underlying these observations, we studied the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a glycoprotein enriched on the surface of tumor cells that can stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in sensitive and MDR cancer cells. Using immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that EMMPRIN expression was increased in MDR carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7/AdrR, KBV-1, and A2780Dx5, as compared to their parental counterparts. The MDR cell lines produced more matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), as determined by zymography, Western blot, and reverse transcription-PCR. Treatment of MDR cells with an anti-EMMPRIN antibody inhibited the activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In MDR cell line MCF-7/AdrR, an increased in vitro invasive ability was observed as compared with the sensitive line MCF-7, and EMMPRIN antibody could inhibit the in vitro invasion in drug-resistant cells. In addition, the expression and activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in MDR cells were decreased by treatment with U-0126, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/Erk). Our results suggest that during the development of MDR, the expression of EMMPRIN is responsible for the increased activity of MMP in MDR cell lines.