gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Histomorphometric Characterization of a Rat Model for Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy<sup>*</sup> (1984)

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common but incompletely understood syndrome in humans. In an effort to define an animal model of this syndrome, we studied the transplantable Rice-500 Leydig cell tumor in male Fisher rats. Animals were studied 4-9, 10-12, and 13-14 days after tumor transplantation. By days 13-14, tumor-bearing animals were significantly hypercalcemic, hypercalciuric, and hyperphosphaturic compared to control animals. Fractional phosphorus excretion was elevated 4-fold in the tumor-bearing group despite hypophosphatemia. Mean nephrogenous cAMP in the tumor-bearing animals was 5 times the value in controls at days 13-14, while simultaneous immunoreactive PTH levels were undetectable. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly elevated in the tumor-bearing animals on day 14. Quantitative bone histomorphometry showed uncoupling of bone cell function in the tumor group, with marked suppression of bone formation, while indices of bone resorption were more than 2-fold elevated. Conditioned medium from tumor cells grown in culture consistently showed activity in a fetal bone-resorbing assay. This activity was heat stable and had an estimated mol wt of 30,000-50,000 daltons. Incubation of cells with indomethacin had no effect on bone-resorbing activity. These data indicate that the mediator in the model shares some of the actions of PTH, but is clearly distinct from native PTH. The findings exactly parallel those in human humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, with the elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values being the sole exception. The demonstration of in vitro bone-resorbing activity will aid in further characterization of the mediator.
Rheological aspects of plasmaseparation by membrane (1985)

In order to investigate the parameters governing plasma separation by a microporous membrane, plasma filtration rates were measured in two single-channel filter press devices of 170 and 600 cm 2 membrane area with adjustable blood film thickness. The filtration rate reaches a maximum at a mean transmembrane pressure of 70 to 100 mm Hg. The maximum filtration rate is very well correlated with the inlet wall shear rate γ w as γ w 0.76 . The maximum filtration rate is also found to decrease with increasing platelet concentration c p as ℓn (1/c p ). These observations are consistant with the assumption that the plasma filtration rate is limited by platelet concentration polarization taking into account enhancement of platelet diffusivity by red blood cell motion. At low platelet concentrations the filtration rate decreases linearly with increasing hematocrit. The resulting model is used to predict the maximum filtration rates as a function of geometrical parameters of the filters.
NEUTROPENIC ENTEROCOLITIS IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENT (1991)

FRANKEL, ANDREW H.; BARKER, FRED; WILLIAMS, GORDON; BENJAMIN, IRVING S.; LECHLER, ROBERT; REES, ANDREW J. Author Information
PRESENTATION AND POLYMERIZATION OF DITHIOCARBOLIC ACID-S, S'-DIVINYLESTER(DARSTELLUNG UND POLYMERISATION VON DITHIOKOHLENSAURES,S'-DIVINYLESTER), (1960)

Abstract : S,S'-Divinyldithiocarbonate was prepared by the dehydrohalogenation of the reaction product of 1 mole of phosgene and 2 moles of ethylene sulfide. The divinyl compound was susceptible to radical polymerization. Solution polymerization in benzene yielded a soluble polymer, via an intromolecular-intermolecular reaction mechanism, with the alpha-methylenetrimethylenedithiocarbonate group as main chain unit. (Author)
How long is too long? Effects of loop size on G-quadruplex stability (2010)

We compared here 80 different sequences containing four tracts of three guanines with loops of variable length (between 1 and 15 bases for unmodified sequences, up to 30 for fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides). All sequences were capable of forming stable quadruplexes, with T(m) above physiological temperature in most cases. Unsurprisingly, the melting temperature was systematically lower in sodium than in potassium but the difference between both ionic conditions varied between 1 and >39°C (average difference: 18.3°C). Depending on the sequence context, and especially for G4 sequences involving two very short loops, the third one may be very long without compromising the stability of the quadruplex. A strong inverse correlation between total loop length and T(m) was found in K(+): each added base leads to a 2°C drop in T(m) or ∼0.3 kcal/mol loss in ΔG°. The trend was less clear in Na(+), with a longer than expected optimal loop length (up to 5 nt). This study will therefore extend the sequence repertoire of quadruplex-prone sequences, arguing for a modification of the widely used consensus (maximal loop size of 7 bases).
Two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography based on microfractionation (1999)

A two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography (LC) method is described which is based on microfractionation, automated reinjection, and rechromatography using an automated microcolumn switching setup to separate complex peptide mixtures from different origin. Different types of separations modes, i.e., hydrophobic and charge separation mechanisms, have been applied to increase the selectivity and peak capacity and to approach orthogonal separation mechanisms. The first-dimension separations were carried out by either reversed-phase chromatography or strong anion exchange chromatography. The second-dimension separation was in all cases reversed-phase capillary LC. In case of two-dimensional reversed/reversed-phase separations, some degree of orthogonality was achieved by using either two different sets of mobile phase solvents and one reversed-phase capillary LC column or a single set of mobile phases and two capillary LC columns packed with different-reversed-phase stationary phases. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was conducted to confirm the orthogonality of the developed two-dimensional capillary LC technique. The analysis of tryptic digests of cytochrome C and fetuin and a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide mixture are described. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 277–286, 1999
Differential Susceptibility to Activation-Induced Apoptosis Among Peripheral Th1 Subsets: Correlation with Bcl-2 Expression and Consequences for AIDS Pathogenesis (1998)

It has been proposed that HIV infection is associated with an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 subsets. Recent reports indicate that Th1 and Th2 effectors differ in their susceptibility to activation-induced apoptosis. To determine whether increased T cell apoptosis in HIV-infected patients contributes to alterations in cytokine synthesis, we performed single-cell analysis of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production by CD4 and CD8 T cells, simultaneously with detection of apoptosis. We demonstrate that a differential alteration in representation of Th1 subsets, rather than commitment of T cells to secrete Th2 cytokines, occurs throughout HIV infection. A significant decrease in the number of IL-2- or TNF-alpha-producing T cells was observed, whereas those producing IFN-gamma remained preserved. Furthermore, there is a gradient of susceptibility to activation-induced apoptosis (IL-2 < IFN-gamma < TNF-alpha) among the different Th1 subsets. This gradient was detected in both CD4 and CD8 subsets, as well as in control donors and HIV-infected patients, in whom the susceptibility to apoptosis of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers was increased compared with controls. This differential intrinsic apoptosis susceptibility of Th1 effectors was found to be tightly regulated by Bcl-2 expression. In HIV-infected persons, disappearance of IL-2-producing T cells was a good indicator of disease progression and was correlated with the progressive shrinkage of the CD4+ CD45RA+ T cell compartment and a gradual increased susceptibility to activation-induced apoptosis of the IL-2-producing subset. This close relationship between the CD45RA/CD45R0 ratio, the level of type 1 cytokine production, and susceptibility to apoptosis should be considered in HIV-infected patients under antiviral or immune-based therapies.
Enhancement of bone bonding to bioactive ceramics by demineralized bone powder. (1992)

In an attempt to enhance the bonding of bone to bioactive ceramics, allogeneic demineralized bone powder (DBP) was used in combination with bioactive ceramic implants in rabbit tibiae. Rectangular plates (10 x 15 x 2 mm) made of apatite-wollastonite-containing glass ceramics were implanted in the proximal metaphyses of the bilateral tibiae of 20 rabbits, with DBP packed into the medullary cavity. In the control group, only the plates of A-W GC were implanted in the bilateral tibiae of 20 rabbits. Four rabbits from each group were killed at two, four, eight, 12, and 25 weeks after implantation for the tensile test. Results of the tensile test and histologic examination of the undecalcified specimens by Giemsa surface stain and contact microradiography confirmed that DBP significantly accelerated the process of bone bonding to the implant and increased the strength of bone-implant bonding.
Registration of ‘Royal’ Chickpea (2019)

Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar Royal (Reg. No. CV‐324; PI 673002), was released by the USDA‐ARS on the basis of its high yield and large seed size compared with the commercial chickpea cultivars Sierra and Nash. Royal was evaluated by the USDA‐ARS across 18 location‐years in Washington and Idaho receiving approximately 450 to 750 mm annual precipitation. Royal had an average yield of 1436 kg ha −1 across all trials, 5.4% less than Nash (1514 kg ha −1 ) and 7.3% greater than Sierra (1338 kg ha −1 ). Royal, similar to Sierra, has moderate resistance to Ascochyta blight. Royal was also tested by HighLine Grain Growers across 12 location‐years in Washington receiving approximately 300 to 350 mm annual precipitation. In these trials, Royal had an average yield of 1366 kg ha −1 , 6.7% greater than Nash (1280 kg ha −1 ) and 23.7% greater than Sierra (1104 kg ha −1 ). In trials conducted by the USDA‐ARS 100 seed weight of Royal was 55.8 g, which was less than Nash and greater than Sierra. In trials conducted by HighLine Grain Growers, 100 seed weight of Royal was 52.0 g, which was not different than Nash and was greater than Sierra. Royal produced a greater percentage of “A” seeds (>8.7 mm) than Sierra in trials conducted by both the USDA‐ARS and HighLine Grain Growers. Royal is a promising alternative to Sierra as a high‐yielding large‐seeded chickpea cultivar, especially in regions receiving less than 450 mm annual precipitation.
General Approach to Payment Adjustments for Flexible Pavements (2001)

The quest for developing a payment adjustment plan for contractors considering several distress indicators simultaneously is hindered by three issues: (1) different measurement units for the distress indicators; (2) possible correlation among those indicators; and (3) variation in each of the indicators. In this study, three procedures are compiled together to cope with the preceding issues. First, normalization of each distress indicator is employed to create a dimensionless indicator. Second, principal components analysis, a multivariate statistical technique, is applied to eliminate the possible correlation among the distress indicators. Finally, through a proposed reliability analysis procedure, the pay factor is determined by the ratio of the reliability of the uncorrelated principal components of the as-built pavement over that of the as-designed pavement. Reliability refers to the level of confidence that exists in the distress indicators, not to exceed a certain limit. The results showed that pay factors based on multiple distress indicators are usually lower than those based on one single indicator when the variation in influencing factors such as asphalt concrete thickness is large.
What a Dinner Party! Mechanisms and Functions of Interkingdom Signaling in Host-Pathogen Associations (2016)

Chemical signaling between cells is an effective way to coordinate behavior within a community. Although cell-to-cell signaling has mostly been studied in single species, it is now appreciated that the sensing of chemical signals across kingdoms can be an important regulator of nutrient acquisition, virulence, and host defense. In this review, we focus on the role of interkingdom signaling in the interactions that occur between bacterial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. We discuss the quorum-sensing (QS) systems and other mechanisms used by these bacteria to sense, respond to, and modulate host signals that include hormones, immune factors, and nutrients. We also describe cross talk between these signaling pathways and strategies used by the host to interfere with bacterial signaling, highlighting the complex bidirectional signaling networks that are established across kingdoms.
Experimental observation of transient velocity-selective coherent population trapping in one dimension (2005)

We report the observation of transient velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) in a beam of metastable neon atoms. The atomic momentum distribution resulting from the interaction with counterpropagating sigma_+ and sigma_- radiation which couples a J_g=2 J_e=1 transition is measured via the transversal beam profile. This transition exhibits a stable VSCPT dark state formed by the two |J=2,m=+/-1> states, and a metastable dark state containing the |J=2,m=+/-2> and |J=2,m=0> states. The dynamics of the formation and decay of stable and metastable dark states is studied experimentally and numerically and the finite lifetime of the metastable dark state is experimentally observed. We compare the measured distribution with a numerical solution of the master equation.
Adaptive LMS processing architectures employing frequency domain sub-convolution (2004)

This paper provides an overview of a low-complexity, parameterized, and discrete-time processing architecture for realizing a frequency domain least-mean squares (LMS) complex equalizer by J. Proakis (1995). The realization results in lower complexity implementation in digital very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. The architecture incorporates a lossless sub-convolution method, digital vector processing, specialized FFT-IFFT hardware architectures, and the discrete Fourier transform-inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT-IDFT) overlap and save filter method by A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schafer (1989). A key property of the new architecture is that the equalizer tap length may be chosen completely independently of the FFT-IFFT lengths and input data block lengths. Theoretically unlimited tap lengths are possible with short FFT-IFFT pairs. It will be demonstrated that the new parallel architecture is very well suited for processing multi-Gbps digital communication data rates with relatively low speed CMOS hardware.
Telomere Length in the Colon Declines with Age: a Relation to Colorectal Cancer? (2006)

Telomeres shorten with age, which may be linked to genomic instability and an increased risk of cancer. To explore this association, we analyzed telomere length in normal colorectal tissue of individuals at different ages using quantitative-fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) and quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR). Using Q-FISH, we also examined the histologically normal epithelium adjacent to, or distant from, colon adenomas and cancers, in addition to the neoplasms. Q-FISH and Q-PCR showed that telomere length was inversely associated with age until approximately ages 60 to 70; surprisingly, beyond this age, telomere length was positively associated with age. This association was found exclusively in epithelial, and not in stromal, cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes showed an inverse association between telomere length and age, but without any apparent increase in telomere length in the oldest individuals. Telomere length in larger adenoma lesions (>2 cm) was significantly shorter than in normal adjacent (P = 0.004) or normal distant (P = 0.05) tissue from the same individuals. However, telomere length in histologically normal epithelium adjacent to cancers or in adenomas <2 cm was not statistically different from that of the normal distant mucosa or from normal controls, evidence that a telomere-shortening field effect was not present. We suggest that the positive association between telomere length and age in the oldest patients is a consequence of selective survival of elderly patients with long colonocyte telomeres.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Bicyclic Fluorinated Uracils Through Ring‐Closing Metathesis. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Processing Extremely Large Powder Diffraction Datasets Using The Rietveld Method (2014)

Modern in situ synchrotron powder diffraction experiments can produce massive volumes of data which are of suitable quality for real structural information to be extracted. Parametric Rietveld refinement (Stinton, 2007) is an ideal method for dealing with such datasets as a huge number of diffraction patterns can be processed in parallel while the number of refined parameters is reduced by linking between scans. The time saving compared to earlier sequential methods of refinement using batch files is very significant with processing times being reduced from weeks to a few hours. The stability of the parametric method allows not only extraction of information from data with very weak trends but also refinement of entire slices of a tomographic map including the regions with zero diffraction. The power of the technique will be illustrated by examples from reactor scanning experiments with high time resolution (Wragg, 2012, 2013) as well as more conventional in situ powder diffraction and operando experiments combining diffraction with mass spectrometry. The extraction of structural information from complete tomographic datasets and reconstructions with real structural parameters will also be demonstrated. The figure shows time and space resolved c-axis data for the SAPO-34 catalyst during methanol to olefin conversion, together with mass spectrometry data collected during the experiment.
Androstene-17-thioketals. 2nd communication: pharmacological profiles of tipredane and (11 beta, 17 alpha)-17-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-17-[2-(fluoroethyl)thio]-11 beta-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one, structurally novel 20-thiasteroids possessing potent and selective topical antiinflammatory activity. (1986)

Two structurally novel alkylthio-substituted steroids, (11 beta, 17 alpha)-17-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-17-(methylthio)andro-1,4-dien-3-one (tipredane, SQ 27,239) and (11 beta, 17 alpha)-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-17-[2-(fluoroethyl) thio]-11 beta-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one (SQ 28,300) were compared to presently available topical corticosteroids for in vitro and in vivo glucocorticoid and antiinflammatory activities. Based upon results of in vitro assays, in vivo antiinflammatory tests in mice, and human vasoconstriction measurements, the thiasteroids most closely resemble moderately potent to highly potent corticoids. These compounds display more modest activity in topical antiinflammatory assays using rats. Both tipredane and SQ 28,300 exhibit favorable separation of local antiinflammatory activity from systemic effects on thymus and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, most probably due to rapid metabolic inactivation. As such, these compounds represent potentially safer therapy for topical treatment of corticoid-responsive skin diseases and bronchopulmonary conditions in humans.
Nano-Sized Au/CeO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts for Total and Selective CO Oxidation (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Activation of Intestinal Epithelial Stat3 Orchestrates Tissue Defense during Gastrointestinal Infection (2015)

Gastrointestinal infections with EHEC and EPEC are responsible for outbreaks of diarrheal diseases and represent a global health problem. Innate first-line-defense mechanisms such as production of mucus and antimicrobial peptides by intestinal epithelial cells are of utmost importance for host control of gastrointestinal infections. For the first time, we directly demonstrate a critical role for Stat3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells upon infection of mice with Citrobacter rodentium - a murine pathogen that mimics human infections with attaching and effacing Escherichia coli. C. rodentium induced transcription of IL-6 and IL-22 in gut samples of mice and was associated with activation of the transcription factor Stat3 in intestinal epithelial cells. C. rodentium infection induced expression of several antimicrobial peptides such as RegIIIγ and Pla2g2a in the intestine which was critically dependent on Stat3 activation. Consequently, mice with specific deletion of Stat3 in intestinal epithelial cells showed increased susceptibility to C. rodentium infection as indicated by high bacterial load, severe gut inflammation, pronounced intestinal epithelial cell death and dissemination of bacteria to distant organs. Together, our data implicate an essential role for Stat3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells during C. rodentium infection. Stat3 concerts the host response to bacterial infection by controlling bacterial growth and suppression of apoptosis to maintain intestinal epithelial barrier function.
High-power blue laser for large-screen projectors (1999)

We describe a high-power blue laser for use in laser video projectors. The laser is based on an intra-cavity, frequency-doubled, Ti:sapphire resonator, longitudinally- pumped by a repetitively Q-switched 532 nm source. With 48 W of pump, the laser produces more than 7 W of continuously tunable blue output (430 <EQ (lambda) equals 460 nm) with a pulse width of 80 ns and a beam quality factor M<SUP>2</SUP> equals 2.2. The applicability of this high-power laser as a source of monochromatic blue light for different large-screen laser displays is also discussed.
Advanced solutions for high-performance GaN MicroLED displays (2019)

We review the main challenges for fabricating high performance microLED displays for direct view applications from watch to large area TV. The main one is the transfer process of the microLEDs on the large area TFT backplane. We show how the microtube technology developed at LETI can ensure in one step both the mechanical and electrical connection between the two parts. Driving electronics is also a strong challenge. We also report a new approach providing full CMOS driving of the MicroLED display and a more efficient transfer solution. This new approach is paving the way for high-performance MicroLED displays, and in a much wider range of applications.
Wavelet transform in the accurate detection of high impedance arcing faults in high voltage transmission lines (2001)

This paper describes a new fault detection technique which involves capturing the current signals generated in a transmission line under high impedance faults (HIFs). Its main thrust lies in the utilisation of the absolute sum value of signal components based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). A sophisticated decision logic is also designed for the determination of a trip decision. The results presented relate to a typical 154 kV Korean transmission system, the faulted signals for which are attained using the well known Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software. The simulation also includes an embodiment of a realistic nonlinear HIF mode.