gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying an Organizational Uncertainty Principle (2011)

The theory of bistable perceptions in the interaction indicates the existence of an uncertainty principle with effects amplified at the organizational level. Traditional theory of the interaction, organizational theory, and the justification for an organizational uncertainty principle are reviewed. The organizational uncertainty principle predicts counterintuitive effects that can be exploited with the Semantic Web to formulate a set of metrics for organizational performance. As a preliminary test of the principle, metrics derived from it are applied to two case studies, both works in progress, with the first as an ongoing large system-wide application of web-based metrics for organizational performance and the second as a case study of a small college where web-based metrics are being considered and constructed. In preparation for the possibility of machine-based real-time metrics afforded by the Semantic Web, the results demonstrate a successful theory and application in the field of an uncertainty principle for organizations.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
A transparently-scalable metadata service for the Ursa Minor storage system (2010)

The metadata service of the Ursa Minor distributed storage system scales metadata throughput as metadata servers are added. While doing so, it correctly handles metadata operations that involve items served by different metadata servers, consistently and atomically updating the items. Unlike previous systems, it does so by reusing existing metadata migration functionality to avoid complex distributed transaction protocols. It also assigns item IDs to minimize the occurrence of multiserver operations. Ursa Minor’s approach allows one to implement a desired feature with less complexity than alternative methods and with minimal performance penalty (under 1 % in non-pathological cases). 1
Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum useful for detecting excessive alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients? (1994)

The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in a cross-sectional study of 439 treated hypertensive men. We related the results to alcohol intake by questionnaire and to biochemical and hemodynamic measurements known to reflect excessive alcohol consumption. The diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity for high alcohol intake (> or = 24 g/day of ethanol) were 44% and 87%, respectively. The group with reported high alcohol intake (n = 32) was characterized by hemodynamic and biochemical changes typical of alcohol abuse. The corresponding profile for the patients with increased serum CDT concentrations (n = 70) was different in several respects, indicating a considerable number of false-positive tests. We conclude that serum CDT determination had low sensitivity and specificity for excessive alcohol consumption in this group of hypertensive patients. The results illustrate the importance of evaluating new laboratory methods in unselected patient populations before drawing any conclusions about their clinical value.
Evaluation of weldments in Type 21-6-9 stainless steel for Compact Ignition Tokamak structural applications: Phase 1 (1991)

Primary design considerations for the Compact Ignition Tokamak toroidal field-coil cases are yield strength and toughness in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K. Type 21-6-9 stainless steel, also still known by its original Armco Steel Company trade name Nitronic 40, is the proposed alloy for this application. It has high yield strength and usually adequate base metal toughness, but weldments in thick sections have not been adequately characterized in terms of mechanical properties or hot-cracking propensity. In this study, weldability of the alloy in heavy sections and the mechanical properties of the resultant welds were investigated including tensile yield strength and Charpy V-notch toughness at 77 K and room temperature. Weldments were made in four different base metals using seven different filler metals. None of the weldments showed any indication of hot-cracking problems. All base metals, including weldment heat-affected zones, were found to have adequate strength and impact toughness at both test temperatures. Weld metals, on the other hand, except ERNiCr-3 and ENiCrFe-3 had impact toughnesses of less than 67 J at 77 K. Inconel 82 had an average weld metal impact toughness of over 135 J at 77 K, and although its strength at 77 K is less than that of type 21-6-9 base metal, at this point it is considered to be the first-choice filler metal. Phase 2 of this program will concentrate on composition refinement and process/procedure optimization for the generic ERNiCr-3 composition and will generate a design data base for base and weld metal, including tensile, fracture toughness, and crack growth rate data.
Developing a release system to promote scar-less corneal healing (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Identification and Cloning of Xp95, a Putative Signal Transduction Protein in Xenopus Oocytes (1999)

A 95-kDa protein in Xenopus oocytes, Xp95, was shown to be phosphorylated from the first through the second meiotic divisions during progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. Xp95 was purified and cloned. The Xp95 protein sequence exhibited homology to mouse Rhophilin, budding yeast Bro1, and Aspergillus PalA, all of which are implicated in signal transduction. It also contained three conserved features including seven conserved tyrosines, a phosphorylation consensus sequence for the Src family of tyrosine kinases, and a proline-rich domain near the C terminus that contains multiple SH3 domain-binding motifs. We showed the following: 1) that both Xp95 isolated from Xenopus oocytes and a synthetic peptide containing the Src phosphorylation consensus sequence of Xp95 were phosphorylated in vitro by Src kinase and to a lesser extent by Fyn kinase; 2) Xp95 from Xenopus oocytes or eggs was recognized by an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, and the relative abundance of tyrosine-phosphorylated Xp95 increased during oocyte maturation; and 3) microinjection of deregulated Src mRNA into Xenopus oocytes increased the abundance of tyrosine-phosphorylated Xp95. These results suggest that Xp95 is an element in a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that may be involved in progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation.
Super-elastic multi-material optical fibers for healthcare applications (2019)

Stretchable optical and electronic fibers constitute increasingly important building blocks for a myriad of applications, particularly in robotics, soft prosthesis, surgical tools and implants, and smart medical textiles. The integration of multimaterial architectures and complex functionalities within soft fibers has however for a long time remained difficult to achieve, limiting the performance and functionalities of medical fibers and textiles. In this contribution, we will show how the thermal drawing process used to fabricate optical fibers, and traditionally associated with rigid glasses or thermoplastic, can be applied to a certain class of thermoplastic elastomers. We will demonstrate that optical polymers, liquid metals, and conductive polymer composites could be co-drawn with prescribed architectures within a thermoplastic elastomer cladding. This allowed us to successfully fabricate super-elastic fibers with complex optical as well as electronic functionalities relevant for a myriad of applications in health-care. We will show in particular how such fibers can be used as precise and robust pressure, strain or more generally deformation sensors that can be seamlessly integrated within surgical tools, prosthesis, fabrics or robots. We will also discuss their potential as advanced optical probes, regenerative scaffolds or stimulating implants. This work opens novel opportunities for sensing and monitoring, scaffolds and implants, medical robotics and personalized care.
Acute Shock Induced by Antigen Vaccination in NOD Mice (2003)

Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice can be prevented through autoantigen vaccination by shifting lymphocyte differentiation toward a T-helper 2 (Th(2)) response. However, in other models of autoimmunity, this approach may be accompanied by unexpected triggering of Th(2)-dependent anaphylactic shock. To test the safety of vaccination therapy in the NOD mouse model, we evaluated the effects of immunization with a wide battery of antigens in NOD, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, a nondiabetogenic antigen, hen egg white lysozyme, induced severe shock exclusively in NOD mice (shock in 11 of 11 mice, lethal in 3 mice). Shock severity was further increased by a more pronounced Th(2) setting generated by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) administration (17 of 17 mice, lethal in 14 mice, P < 0.0001). Pretreatment with dexamethasone resulted in full rescue, indicating an immune-mediated mechanism. Serum IgE levels and Th(1)/Th(2) cytokine profile analysis showed that the shock phenomenon was paralleled by a Th(2) response. mRNA expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) was significantly higher in NOD mice (P < 0.01) and was further increased by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). Pretreatment with WEB2086 (PAF-R antagonist) again protected all mice from lethal shock, indicating PAF as an anaphylaxis effector. In conclusion, in NOD mice, vaccination leading to a Th(2) immune shift can result in a lethal anaphylactic reaction.
The Effect of Season and Age of Bird (1960)

THE EXTENT that season, environmental temperature, management practices, nutrition, genetics, age of layer, etc. effect egg quality have been extensively studied. However, satisfactory explanations for these quality variations in relation to differences in composition which effect physical and performance characteristics associated with quality have not been elucidated. Smith et al. (1954) found that the composition of eggs produced by a hen was an individual characteristic and that changes in egg composition could be associated with laying rate, environmental temperatures and age of the layer. They reported that higher temperatures increased the dry matter, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium levels of egg white. Cotterill and Winter (1955) proposed that the dissociation of a complex between lysozyme and ovomucin might be responsible for one stage in egg white thinning. They showed that increases in the ionic strength and pH of the medium caused a dissociation of the complex. This protein interaction appeared to …
Efficient Synthesis of Various Acycloalkenyl Derivatives of Pyrimidine Using Cross‐Metathesis and Pd(0) Methodologies. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Adaptive de-noising of images by locally switching wavelet transforms (2003)

A local adaptive image de-noising method based on local selection of the best wavelet, among a finite set, within a sliding window at each level of decomposition is developed. The proposed method suggests certain advantages in terms of de-noising efficiency and detail preservation especially when the image includes different regions which may be efficiently represented by different bases or a priori information on the image is limited. This work concerns the method of using an adaptively varying base and the best wavelet selection rule. The method is implemented and comparative results are submitted.
The relationship between storage and secretion of specific antibody by immune lymphoid cells: ultrastructural localization of anti‐peroxidase anti bodies in plaque‐forming cells of the rabbit popliteal lymph node (1976)

The ultrastructure of antibody-forming cells (AFC) has been studied in the lymph node cell population from rabbits locally immunized with horseradish peroxydase (PO) incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant, and the kinetics of AFC development followed from day 7 to day 18 after one injection of PO. Identification of the AFC was done by local hemolysis assay, using carboxymethyl cellulose solidifying medium and PO-coated sheep erythrocytes. AFC were thereafter transferred by micromanipulation into a Beem capsule, fixed, treated by PO for fine ultrastructure detection of anti-PO antibodies, included, sectioned and studied by electron microscopy. It was found that the AFC were essentially of three categories: lymphocytes, proplasmacytes and plasmacytes, with (+), or without (-), intracellular antibody. The proportion of these categories varies with the time elapsed since the injection of antigen and with the plaque-forming activity of the population: lymphocytes (-) are relatively more numerous (over 30%) at the early stages of immunization (day 7). The number of plasmacytes increases with immunization. If most of them contain intracellular antibody at the early stages (up to day 9), the proportion of plasmacytes (+) decreases markedly afterwards. The cell type distribution is compatible with the idea that the lymphocytes are the precursors of plasmacytes, proplasmacytes being transitional forms, but no direct filiation scheme can actually be deduced from these experiments.
Use of Quantitative Bacteriologic Techniques to Diagnose Catheter-Related Sepsis (1979)

A case of polymicrobial sepsis occurred in a patient who had a permanent indwelling hyperalimentation catheter. Because it was undesirable to remove the catheter, quantitative bacteriologic techniques were used to determine whether the catheter was the source of sepsis. Blood drawn from a peripheral vein had 25 colonies per milliliter whereas blood drawn through the catheter had more than 10,000 colonies per milliliter. On the basis of these results, the catheter was removed. The catheter tip was found to be infected with the same organisms that were present in the blood. Quantitative bacteriologic techniques may prove useful in diagnosing catheter-related sepsis when it is undesirable to remove the catheter.
Recent Advances and Approaches in Targeting Apoptosis Signaling Pathways for Anti-Cancer Therapeutics (2010)

Apoptosis plays an essential role in the processes of eukaryotic cellular homeostasis, and is thought to be a contributing factor in the development of a variety of pathologies including cancer. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and mediators of apoptosis, coupled with the fact that many current anticancer therapies function by activating apoptosis, has led to realization that apoptotic processes not only serve as the crucial regulators of carcinogenesis but are also critical determinants in therapy responses. Defects in apoptosis signaling often lead to ineffective response to anti-cancer therapeutics in the clinic and contribute to development of drug-resistant phenotype. The mediators of apoptosis, therefore, are attractive and rational targets for design and development of apoptosis-promoting strategies to combat cancer. Here we present an overview of different approaches and proof-of-principle evidence for identification, development, and use of agents that target apoptosis signaling in cancer. A synopsis of different apoptosis pathways and the agents, currently in the clinic or in development pipeline, that target mediators of apoptosis is presented. Last, but not least, novel and emerging apoptosis signaling targets with potential utility in anti-cancer drug development are also discussed. Keywords: Apoptosis, Caspases, p53, IAPs, Mitochondria, Nur77, CARP-1.
Patterns of IL-2 production and utilization in mice heavily infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG reflect the phase of protective immunity being expressed. (1989)

The results shown here demonstrate that in mice heavily infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, mitogen-induced levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) correlate temporally with the state of immunity that is being expressed in the animal during the course of the infection. Active immunity, which is conferred by populations of both CD4+ (L3T4) and CD8+ (Lyt-2) T lymphocytes, and memory immunity, which is mediated by a population of CD4+ T lymphocytes, were identified and distinguished in terms of their sensitivity to cyclophosphamide therapy, their ability to passively transfer specific resistance to infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and their capacity to produce and/or absorb IL-2. In this regard, concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated L3T4+ and Lyt-2+-enriched splenocytes exhibited an apparent depression in measurable levels of IL-2 when harvested during the first 40 days of the infection, which could be explained by the subsequent observation that these T cells were capable of rapidly absorbing a known quantity of recombinant IL-2 in vitro. Detectable levels of IL-2 in these mitogen-stimulated supernatants began to rise after Day 25, which was temporally associated with a gradual shift from active immunity, to immunity mediated by cyclophosphamide-resistant memory T cells, which did not absorb IL-2 in vitro. These data indicate that fluctuations in apparent IL-2 production reflect changes in the type of immunity being expressed, rather than than some form of defect in IL-2 production.
Quantitative FRET measurement by high-speed fluorescence excitation and emission spectrometer (2010)

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an important method in studying biochemistry reactions. But quantifying FRET rapidly is difficult to do because of crosstalk between free donor, free acceptor and FRET fluorescent signals when only excitation or emission property of a FRET sample is measured. If FRET is studied with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) measurements, because the fluorescence intensity maxima of donor, acceptor, and FRET emissions occupy different regions within the EEM, FRET fluorescence can be easily separated out by linear unmixing. In this paper, we report a novel high-speed Fourier Fluorescence Excitation Emission spectrometer, which simultaneously measures three projections of EEM from a FRET sample, which are excitation, emission and excitation-emission cross-correlation spectra. We demonstrate that these three EEM projections can be measured and unmixed in approximately 1 ms to provide rapid quantitative FRET in the presence of free donors and acceptors. The system can be utilized to enable real-time biochemistry reaction studies.
Codeine Disposition in Sickle Cell Patients Compared With Healthy Volunteers (1993)

The pharmacokinetics of codeine were determined after oral administration of codeine sulfate (60 mg) with sickle cell patients (SCPs) and healthy controls (HCs). Plasma concentrations of codeine were measured by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using both compartmental and noncompartmental analysis. No significant differences were observed in time to reach maximum peak plasma concentration (tmax) (1.0 +/- 0.4 versus 1.4 +/- 1.0 hours), maximum peak plasma concentration (Cmax) (172 +/- 25 versus 225 +/- 97 ng/mL), area under the curve (AUC infinity) (590 +/- 96 versus 779 +/- 234 ng*h/mL), and Cl/F (104 +/- 17 versus 89 +/- 27 L/h) between SCPs and HCs. Conversely, significant differences were observed in mean residence time (MRT) (3.7 +/- 0.3 versus 4.7 +/- 0.3 hours) and half-life (t1/2) (1.7 +/- 0.2 versus 2.8 +/- 0.3 hours). In a separate study, significant differences were observed in the in vitro plasma protein binding of codeine in SCPs (66.0 +/- 8.6%) and HCs (30.5 +/- 2.7%) as well as in vivo binding (68.4 +/- 11.1% for SCPs versus 29.2 +/- 3.4% for HCs). Codeine is a relatively high-extraction drug that is primarily eliminated by metabolism in the liver. Generally, the clearance of such drugs is approximately equal to hepatic blood flow and is not affected by changes in protein binding. Therefore, the change in t1/2 observed in SCPs can be attributed to changes in volume of distribution rather than clearance.
Modular Ligands for Asymmetric Synthesis: Enantioselective Catalytic CuII-Mediated Condensation Reaction of Ethyl Pyruvate with Danishefsky's Diene (2002)

Allein die Reihenfolge der Zugabe der Reaktionspartner ist entscheidend bei der Synthese einer Reihe chiral modifizierter Lewis-Säuren des Typs 4. Diese Komplexe, die durch Kondensation von chiralen, nichtracemischen 1,2-Diaminen mit Ketonen und nachfolgende Zugabe von Cu(OTf)2 gebildet werden, katalysieren die Cycloaddition des Danishefsky-Diens 1 an Ethylpyruvat 2 unter Bildung von 3.
Drilling Modeling and Simulation: Current State and Future Goals (2015)

Abstract The process of drilling a borehole is very complex, involving surface and downhole drilling systems, which interact with the drilling fluid and the surrounding rocks. Modeling and simulating every aspect of the drilling process and drilling system is still considered too complex to be realized. However, many areas of modeling and simulation are currently undergoing very aggressive development. These areas include rig systems, downhole dynamics, rock-bit interaction, drilling/formation fluid, and the Earth model. High-fidelity models in these well-defined areas have demonstrated some success. Lately, drilling modelling and simulation has become one of the key factors for advancing drilling systems automation/control, intelligent managed pressure drilling and drilling optimization by understanding and/or predicting downhole dynamics. Modeling the magnitude and spatiotemporal distribution of uncertainty in the actual drilling process poses serious challenges in constructing high-fidelity models of the entire drilling system. However, the advancement of technology may dramatically improve the future of such an attempt to accurately model and simulate the whole drilling process. The topics presented in this paper include the current state of drilling process simulation software and simulators, the challenges of modelling drilling systems for automation and control, adaptive simulations for downhole drilling systems and the operator's perspective on drilling modelling. This paper examines the current state of drilling modelling and simulation and identifies its future goals.
Recent Advances in Chemoprevention of Cancer (1997)

Chemoprevention is the use of pharmacologic or natural agents that inhibit the development of invasive cancer either by blocking the DNA damage that initiates carcinogenesis or by arresting or reversing the progression of premalignant cells in which such damage has already occurred. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis have led to the synthesis of new drugs that can inhibit tumor development in experimental animals by selective action on specific molecular targets, such as the estrogen, androgen, and retinoid receptors or inducible cyclooxygenase. Several of these agents (including tamoxifen, 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate, and an acyclic retinoid) are clinically effective in preventing the development of cancer, particularly in patients who are at high risk for developing second primary tumors after surgical removal of the initial tumor.
The use of the direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar technique to describe thermally activated and viscous regimes of metallic materials (2014)

The influence of strain rate over domains involving the thermal activation and the viscous drag behaviour of the dislocations is discussed. While it is recognized that the Koslky-Hopkinson technique or split Hopkinson pressure bar technique can generate data up to the upper strain-rate limit of the thermal-activated regime, it is necessary to use a direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar technique to access the viscous regime. Data generated with this technique are presented for a series of metals, including steel, nickel, copper and tungsten alloys. The motivation to generate such data is provided through three industrial applications.