gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies against soman: Characterization of soman stereoisomers. (Reannouncement with new availability information) (1992)

Hybridomas were produced which expressed monoclonal anti-soman antibodies as determined by microtiter enzyme-linked-antibody immunoassay (EIA). Each of these antibodies was titrated using a competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) with a variety of test ligands. The ligands used included soman (a racemic mixture), sarin, tabun, and each of the four stereoisomers of soman(C+P+, C+P-, C-P+ and C-P-). In all cases the antibodies tested exhibited IC50 values of 10 - 4 - 5 X 10 - 6 M for soman. When sarin or tabun was used as a ligand, the antibodies exhibited no cross reactivity. All of the antibodies cross reacted with the four soman stereoisomers. A second group of hybridomas were produced which expressed monoclonal antibodies against CsPs-soman. These antibodies were used to make preliminary absolute chiral assignments to the four soman stereoisomers. Soman; Antibodies; Stereoisomers; Absolute configuration.
Targeting P-glycoprotein for Effective Oral Anti-Cancer Chemotherapeutics (2008)

Oral anticancer drug treatment represents a significant change to current oncology practice. Support for oral anticancer treatment is driven by issues of pharmacoeconomics, accommodating the need for protracted drug administration for many emerging cytostatic therapies, response to patient preference and in improving patient quality of life. Much focus has concentrated on defining the cellular mechanisms underlying the pharmacokinetic limitations associated with the oral route of administration. However, the potential effects of oral anticancer drugs on gut associated host mediated immunity have been overlooked. Given that the immune system is central for tumour rejection, an assessment of the potential effects oral anticancer drugs may have at this level, and the impact of this on the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancy is of significant clinical importance. P-glycoprotein is a multidrug transporter that contributes to the reduced bioavailability of many orally administered medications. P-glycoprotein achieves this by virtue of its drug efflux capacity at the level of the gut epithelia. P-glycoprotein is also notorious for contributing to the multidrug resistance phenotype observed in many drug refractory human cancers. Likewise, this drug transporter serves a role in the cells of the immune system; particularly in dendritic cell maturation and function. This multifaceted involvement in drug disposition, cancer drug resistance and regulation of the immune response makes P-glycoprotein an attractive target for the optimization of oral anticancer drug treatment strategies. This review introduces and discusses for the first time the potential impact that oral anticancer drugs may have on P-glycoprotein expression and function and the potential consequences of this on dendritic cell function in relation to human cancer. This review also aims to foster a better understanding of the host mediated immunological mechanisms which may be potentially manipulated in cancer patients undergoing oral chemotherapy.
Antinuclear Factor in Sensitized Lymph and Serum from Skin Homografted Dogs. (1963)

A factor reacting with epithelial and mesenchymal nuclei of 54% of skin homografts in dogs, 36% of donor and 19% of host's normal skin could be demonstrated in their respective host's, sensitized lymph supernate by the indirect fluorescent antibody technic. Recipient serum less frequently contained this factor and only against nuclei of donor (14%) and host's normal skin (9%). Pretreatment of skin sections with Dnase failed to alter this reaction. Lymph from homografted dogs exhibited elevation of total protein, albumin and gamma globulin. However, this latter could not be absolutely correlated with the occurrence of antinuclear factor. The precise role of antinuclear factor in homograft rejection remains to be demonstrated.
Myocardial Adaptation to High-Intensity (Interval) Training in Previously Untrained Men With a Longitudinal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (Running Study and Heart Trial) (2015)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01406730.
Stress‐induced seismic velocity anisotropy and physical properties in the SAFOD Pilot Hole in Parkfield, CA (2004)

A comprehensive suite of geophysical logs was collected in the SAFOD Pilot Hole from a depth of 775 m to 2150 m in highly fractured Salinian granite. The Pilot Hole intersected numerous macroscopic fractures and faults with extremely varied orientations. Despite the highly variable orientation of the fractures and faults, the fast polarization direction of the shear waves is very consistent with the direction of maximum horizontal compression determined from wellbore breakouts and drilling induced tensile fractures. At least three major shear zones were intersected by the borehole that are characterized by anomalously low velocity and resistivity, anomalously high shear velocity anisotropy and an absence of stress‐induced wellbore breakouts (which suggests anomalously low differential stress). We argue that the physical mechanism responsible for the seismic velocity anisotropy observed in the Pilot Hole is the preferential closure of fractures in response to an anisotropic stress state.
Characterization of a major polymorphic tandem repeat in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its potential use in the epidemiology of Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium gordonae (1992)

In this study, the occurrence of repeated DNA sequences in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated systematically. By screening a M. tuberculosis lambda gt-11 gene library with labeled total chromosomal DNA, five strongly hybridizing recombinants were selected, and these contained DNA sequences that were present in multiple copies in the chromosome of M. tuberculosis. These recombinants all contained repeated sequences belonging to a single family of repetitive DNA, which shares homology with a previously described repeated sequence present in recombinant pPH7301. Sequences analysis of pPH7301 showed the presence of a 10-bp sequence that was tandemly repeated and invariably separated by 5-bp unique spacer sequences. Southern blot analysis revealed that the majority of the repeated DNA in M. tuberculosis is composed of this family of repetitive DNA. Because the 10-bp repeats are slightly heterogeneous in sequence, we designated this DNA as a major polymorphic tandem repeat, MPTR. The presence of this repeated sequence in various other mycobacterial species was investigated. Among the MPTR-containing mycobacterial species the chromosomal location of the repetitive DNA is highly variable. The potential use of this polymorphism in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses is discussed.
Silicon-on-insulator racetrack resonator tuning via ion implantation (2011)

We demonstrate wavelength tuning of silicon-on-insulator racetrack resonators, induced by the by the creation of defects via ion implantation. This presents a method to alter the resonant wavelength after fabrication, albeit with increased optical loss.
Analysis of aperture-coupled microstrip antenna using cavity method (1989)

The letter presents an original analysis of aperture coupling of a microstrip antenna. The theory is based on the cavity model, and results are compared with the moment method and measurement
Transcatheter Embolization with a Silicone Rubber Preparation Experimental Observations (1971)

The concept of treating benign angiomatous malformations by filling them with an inert occluding silicone rubber cast is presented. Preliminary animal experiments with such a preparation are described. Kidneys were embolized in eight dogs; the absence of systemic toxicity or local tissue reaction is stressed and potential clinical applications are considered.
Abstract and Concrete Data Type Optimizations at the UML and C/C++ Level for Dynamic Embedded Software (2010)

An embedded system is a special-purpose system that performs predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to a specific task, design engineers can optimize it by exploiting very specialized knowledge, deriving an optimally customized system. Low energy consumption and high performance are both valid optimization targets to increase the value and mobility of the final system. Traditionally, conceptual embedded software models are built irrespectively of the underlying hardware platform, whereas embedded-system specialists typically start their optimization crusade from the executable code. This practice results in suboptimal implementations on the embedded platform because at the source-code level not all the inefficiencies introduced at the modelling level can be removed. In this book chapter, we describe both novel UML transformations at the modelling level and C/C++ transformations at the software implementation level. The transformations at both design abstraction levels target the data types of dynamic embedded software applications and provide optimizations guided by the relevant cost factors. Using a real life case study, we show how our transformations result in significant improvement in memory footprint, performance and energy consumption with respect to the initial implementation. Moreover, thanks to our holistic approach, we are able to identify new and non-trivial solutions that could hardly be found with the traditional design methods.
Form of Deprotection in Chemically Amplified Resists (2003)

The push to mass production of patterns with sub‐100 nm dimensions will require nanometer level control of feature size, including line edge roughness (LER). Control of LER and sidewall roughness within the length scale of individual molecules requires a fundamental understanding of LER formation. For chemically amplified resists, image quality is controlled in part by the diffusion and reaction of small molecule photogenerated acids within the resist. Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) we provide a direct measurement of the form of the deprotection path created by individual acid molecules common to chemically amplified resists. The deprotection path is characterized as spatially heterogeneous, forming a “fuzzy blob”. A fundamental factor of LER formation is therefore the packing of these “fuzzy blobs” within the resist, and their subsequent reaction with the developer. Efforts to describe this packing are briefly discussed.
Attachment of Low-Energy Electrons in Mixtures Containing Oxygen (1959)

Electron attachment to ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ has been studied for ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ mixtures over a wide range of pressures and electric fields. It was found that $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, the probability of capture per cm and per mm Hg of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, depends on the partial pressures of both gases in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ mixture but only on the ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ pressure in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ mixture. The data have been interpreted in terms of an extension of the mechanism postulated by Bloch and Bradbury, and by Bates and Massey, which involves first the formation of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}*}$ (excited ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) with subsequent collisional stabilization. On this basis estimates were made of the cross section for stabilization of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}*}$ by collisions with various kinds of molecules.
Refreshment policies for Web content caches (2002)

Web content caches are often placed between end-users and origin servers as a mean to reduce server load, network usage, and ultimately, user-perceived latency. Cached objects typically have associated expiration times, after which they are considered stale and must be validated with a remote server (origin or another cache) before they can be sent to a client. A considerable fraction of cache hits involve stale copies that turned out to be current. These validations of current objects have small message size, but nonetheless, often induce latency comparable to full-fledged cache misses. Thus, the functionality of caches as a latency-reducing mechanism highly depends not only on content availability but also on its freshness. We propose policies for caches to preactively validate selected objects as they become stale, and thus allow for more client requests to be processed locally. Our policies operate within the existing protocols and exploit natural properties of request patterns such as frequency and recency. We evaluated and compared different policies using trace-based simulations.
Thermal Histories of Defect Centers as Measured by Low Temperature Photoluminescence in n- and p-Type 4H SiC Epilayers Generated by Irradiation with 170 keV or 1 MeV Electrons (2010)

In this paper we describe an effort to find correlations between low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy (LTPL) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) of electron irradiated samples annealed from 25 °C to 1700 °C in 100 °C steps. We report on thermal histories of defect centers created by 170 keV and 1 MeV electron irradiation, as observed by LTPL only. The DLTS results on "twin" samples are presented in a separate paper. Our results indicate that in n-type 4H SiC there is no correlation between the Z1/Z2 center in DLTS and the L1 peak of the DI center seen in LTPL. In p-type 4H SiC we do not find a correlation between a 350 meV DLTS peak above the valence band and the LTPL L1 peak of the DI center. Consequently, we cannot find evidence for a 350 meV ground state postulated in the “Pseudo–Donor” model [3].
Implementation of a real-time 3-D positioning sound synthesis algorithm for a handheld device (2006)

This paper describes an implementation of a positioning sound synthesis algorithm on an ARM 926 EJ-S based mobile device. To achieve a minimal complexity, sound sources are synthesized with a corresponding pair of approximated minimum phase filter and inter-aural time delay (ITD). The resulting complexity is measured as 13.48 million-instruction per second (MIPS). The quality of positioned sources is verified with the MOS test. Eventually, the system proposed has ample capability to reproduce a positioning sound source along with three-dimensional graphic displays, i.e. games, user-interface.
THE <i>LIMULUS AMOEBOCYTE LYSATE</i> (LAL) ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ENDOTOXIN IN FAT EMULSIONS FOR TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (TPN) (1984)

Fat emulsions spiked with Escherichia coli endotoxin were tested with Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) reagent, using both the micro method and the tube method. The effect of vortexing, ultrasonication and addition of Pyrosperse on the dispersion of endotoxin in these emulsions was compared. The advantage of using the tube method, rather than the micro method, is shown. Ultrasonication may substitute vortex mixing. Pyrosperse had no convincing effect.
Effect of high pressure on the emission spectrum of [Ru(bpy)₃](PF₆)₂ single crystals (1984)

Investigations of the emission of [Ru(bpy)₃](PF₆)₂ single crystals under high pressure are reported for the first time. The spectra are recorded at room temperature up to 52 kbar. The following pressure effects are observed: a very small red shift, a distinct sharpening of emission spectra, and a considerable decrease in emission intensity. Model conceptions are presented to account for the experimental results.
Ion‐Coordinating Sensitizer in Solid‐State Hybrid Solar Cells (2005)

Sun sensitivity: A charge-transfer sensitizer with an ion-complexing moiety formed by oxyethylene side groups (see picture) is used in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell. Lithium coordination to the dye backbone produces under realistic conditions photovoltages of nearly 900 mV and efficiencies of 3.8 %. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502009_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
X-ray projection simulation based on physical imaging model (2006)

In the X-ray CT research area, the linear integral projections of mathematical phantoms were extensively used to evaluate the proposed algorithms with a hypothesis of monochromatic model. However, X-ray tube emits a spectrum of energies and hence it becomes difficult to study some important aspects, such as the reconstructed density accuracy of special reconstruction algorithm and beam hardening effects of polychromatic imaging. If the energy spectrum of X-ray tube, geometry of phantom, and material compositions of all sub-regions are known, the actual projections can be simulated with more accuracy. Motivated by this fact, we propose an improved three-step discrete scheme to simulate the X-ray projections based on physical model. First, CT-numbers of all sub-regions of a phantom are determined in advance. Next, CT-numbers are decomposed into different material compositions under the constraint that sub-regions correspond to different human tissues. Finally, the projections are measured according to the energy spectrum distribution of X-ray tube, using the knowledge of X-ray imaging physics and our strategy to simulate the projecting process. Our scheme requires significantly less storage and computation to achieve a higher accuracy and precision. To demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme, we use the well-known FORBILD head phantom to generate projections and the Feldkamp algorithm for image reconstruction. The anticipated beam hardening effects are clearly seen in images reconstructed from projections simulated using our scheme. This scheme can be utilized in many medical X-ray imaging research aspects, such as algorithm design, performance analysis, distortion calibrations, artifact reduction, etc.
Analysis and Optimization of Millimeter-And Submillimeter-Wavelength Mixer Diodes (1987)

An analysis of the noise of millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength mixers with GaAs Schottky diodes is presented. This analysis accounts for the correlation of the downconverted components of the time-varying hot-electron noise in the series resistance, and is thus accurate even for cryogenically cooled mixers operated at submillimeter wavelengths. This paper shows that the terms of the series-resistance noise correlation matrix are functions of the Fourier coefficients of the squared diode current F(I/sup 2/) rather than the square of the Fourier coefficients of the diode current [F(I)]/sup 2/, as has been previously presented in the literature. The analysis is used to evaluate the optimization of cryogenic mixer diodes. It is shown that minimization of the diode's I-V slope parameter V/sub 0/ is more critical than reduction of the parasitic elements for millimeter-wavelength operation, while at frequencies above 600 GHz (Lambda<0.5 mm), the junction capacitance is the most crucial parameter. Experimental results from several research groups working with a variety of mixers are presented to substantiate these results.
The Potential of Sky Radiation With Change in Design Parameters (2016)

This study evaluated the building cooling capacity of sky radiation, which was previously identified to have the greatest cooling potential among common ambient sources for climates across the US. [Robinson, et al. 2013b]. A heat pipe augmented sky radiator system was simulated by a thermal network with nine nodes, representing a thin polyethylene cover, white (ZnO) painted radiator plate [Duffie & Beckman 2013], condenser and evaporator ends of the heat pipe, thermal storage fluid (water), tank wall, room, sky and ambient air. Heat transfer between nodes included solar flux and sky radiation to cover and plate, wind convection and radiation from cover to ambient, radiation from plate to ambient, natural convection and radiation from plate to cover, conduction from plate to condenser or, two-phase heat transfer from evaporator to condenser, natural convection from evaporator to water and from water to tank wall, natural convection and radiation from tank wall to room, and overall heat loss from room to ambient. Nodal temperatures were simultaneously solved as functions of time using Typical Meteorological Year (TMY3) weather data. Auxiliary cooling was applied as needed to limit room temperature to a maximum of 23.9°C. For this initial investigation, a moderate climate (Louisville, KY) was used to evaluate the effects of radiator orientation, thermal storage capacity and cooling load to radiator area ratio, LRR. Louisville and two challenging climates (Miami, FL and New Orleans, LA) were then used to evaluate five cover configurations — zero, one and two covers with unconstrained temperature, and zero and one cover with temperature limited to the dew point of ambient air to simulate condensation on the cover. Results were compared to a Louisville baseline with LRR = 10 W/m2K, horizontal radiator and one cover with constrained temperature, which provided an annual sky fraction (fraction of cooling load provided by sky radiation) of 0.861. A decrease to 0.857 was found for an increase in radiator slope to 20°, and a drop to 0.833 for 53° slope (latitude + 15°, a typical slope for solar heating). These drops were associated with increases in average radiator temperature by 0.2°C for 20° and 1.5°C for 53°. A 25% decrease in storage capacity caused a decrease in sky fraction to 0.854. Sky fractions were 0.727 and 0.963 for LRR of 20 and 5, respectively. Sky fractions for the baseline system in Miami and New Orleans were 0.505 and 0.603, respectively. In all three climates, performance was little affected by constraining the cover temperature and by adding a second cover. These results confirm the potential for passive cooling of buildings by radiation to the sky. Climate, LRR and thermal storage capacity had strong effects on performance, while the cover configuration did not. Radiator slope had a surprisingly small impact, considering that the view factor to the sky at 53° tilt is less than 0.5.
Rotating Micromachines with Stratified Disk Architecture for Dynamic Bioanalysis (2021)

Magnetic microrobots with versatile mechanical motion will enable many ex- and in vivo applications. Unfortunately, monolithic integration of multiple functions in a streamlined microrobotic body is still challenging due to the compromise between fabrication throughput, device footprints, and material choices. In this talk, I will present a unified framework architecture for microrobotic functionalization to enable magnetically steered locomotion, chemical sensing and in vivo tracking. This has been achieved through stratifying stimuli-responsive nanoparticles in a hydrogelmicro-disk. We uncovered the key mechanism of leveraging spatially alternating magnetic energy potential to control a Euler’s disk-like microrobot to locomote swiftly on its sidewall. The results suggest great potential for microrobots to locomote while cooperating a wide range of functions, tailorable for universal application scenarios.
FLAME SPRAYED ZIRCONIA FILMS FOR FUEL CELL COMPONENTS (1963)

Cartilage functionality is defined, in part, in terms of the ability of the extracellular matrix to support a mechanical load. It has been shown that such mechanical loading can influence the biological response of the chondrocytes that are embedded in the extracellular matrix. Cultured tissue explants have served as useful models for studying such chondrocyte-mediated responses to mechanical deformation. The explant paradigm facilitates the control of mechanical and biological variables that may influence cellular behavior. This chapter presents the means for assessing the biologic response of cartilage to controlled mechanical stimuli, and lays the foundation to further explore the response of cartilage to mechanical stimuli in the presence of other factors, such as cytokines and growth factors (e.g., IL-1β, TGF-β, IGF).