gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diabetic gastrointestinal motility disorders and the role of enteric nervous system: Current status and future directions (2014)

In this review, we summarize the reported alterations in enteric nervous system including enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal and neurotransmission in diabetic animal models and patients. We also review the possible underlying mechanisms of these alterations, with focus on oxidative stress, growth factors and diabetes induced changes in gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Finally, we will discuss recent advances and potential areas for future research related to diabetes and the ENS such as gut microbiota, micro-RNAs and changes in the microvasculature and endothelial dysfunction.
Optical phase erasure and its application to format conversion through cascaded second-order processes in periodically poled lithium niobate (2008)

We describe a new optical phase erasure characteristic of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) by using cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference-frequency generation with the signal set at the quasi-phase-matching wavelength. A simple analytical expression is derived clearly explaining the operation principle. It is interesting that the optical phase erasure feature enables an all-optical format conversion from carrier-suppressed return to zero (CSRZ) to return to zero (RZ). We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate a PPLN-based 40 Gbits/s all-optical CSRZ-to-RZ format conversion. Moreover, tunable and multicasting CSRZ-to-RZ format conversions are also verified in the experiment.
Food systems: the relationship between health and food science/technology. (1990)

Changes in our understanding of diet and health drive changes in the way foods are processed. Conversely, what is available on the shelf will have an impact on the choices consumers make, thereby affecting their health. Historical examples of industrial manipulation of the diet include fortification and enrichment of cereal grains with vitamins; increased production of unsaturated vegetable oils and margarine as substitutions for hydrogenated fat, lard, and butter; lowered cholesterol content foods; reduced sugar content foods; lower sodium foods; decreased portion sizes or caloric density in prepackaged foods for use in weight loss or maintenance; and increased calcium levels to prevent osteoporosis. However, degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, bone disease, arthritis, and dementia will continue to be prevalent in the future. Whether or not the food systems available on the shelf can influence all of these disease states is not clear; however, studies have indicated that nutritional factors do contribute to the development of some of these diseases. Patterns in food consumption have changed and will continue to change as recommendations such as decreased consumption of saturated fats, salt, and cholesterol continue to be made. Increased ingestion of fish and/or fish oil is one recommendation that has been suggested because of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregability and circulating levels of lipids. Wildly speculating from preliminary studies, fish oil has also been recommended for disease states including arthritis, cancer, and diseases of the immune system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Noble Gases: Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Noble Gases: Inorganic Chemistry by Boris Žemva which appeared in the <i>Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition</i> . (2005)

Abstract The noble gas (Ng) elements have a rich reaction chemistry despite having a filled valence shell that would indicate otherwise. Halide compounds, usually with fluorine, and various oxides are common. There is also a growing class of carbon and nitrogen derivatives. A wide range of neutral and cationic noble gas compounds can be formed as long as the added elements, or combinations of elements, possess sufficient electron affinity. The range of compounds, along with characterization data and brief bonding descriptions will be presented for each element. Many of the compounds serve as starting materials for other derivatives, including the rapidly growing field of noble gas containing transition metal complexes. For example, there is now a broad range of salts containing transition metals. The article will conclude with a brief overview of the many unusual and disparate applications being found for these elements.
Enumeration of Activated Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes by the Virus Plaque Assay (1973)

Lymphocytes activated by antigens or mitogens acquire the capacity to replicate viruses, and the number of activated lymphocytes can be estimated by the virus plaque assay. Concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen produced 33-fold and 17-fold increases in virus plaqueforming cells (V-PFC), respectively, above background, while lipopolysaccharide produced only a 2- to 3-fold increase. T (thymus-derived lymphocyte)-depleted lymphocyte populations, derived from anti-theta-treated or nude (arthymic) mouse spleens, failed to produce V-PFC after culture with concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen. The present studies thus demonstrate that the virus plaque assay measures activated T-lymphocytes.A dissociation between the V-PFC response and cell proliferation was previously observed in antigen-stimulated cells cultured in the presence of mitotic inhibitors. In the present studies, while stimulation of CBA (H2(k)) lymphocytes by DBA/2 (H2(d)) cells produced high levels of thymidine incorporation, lymphocyte target-cell cytotoxicity, and V-PFC, stimulation of BALB/c (H2(d)) lymphocytes against DBA/2 (H2(d)) cells resulted in even higher levels of thymidine incorporation with a virtual absence of cytotoxic lymphocytes or V-PFC. These results indicate that proliferation is not a sufficient condition for permitting lymphocytes either to exert cytotoxicity on target cells or to replicate viruses, and suggest that there may be a correlation between the development of V-PFC and cytotoxic lymphocytes. They are consistent with the view that there are at least two functional subpopulations of T-lymphocytes.
Chemoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Lactone Having <i>e</i><i>xo</i>-Methylene Group with Lipase Catalysis (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTChemoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Lactone Having exo-Methylene Group with Lipase CatalysisHiroshi Uyama, Shiro Kobayashi, Masatake Morita, Shigeki Habaue, and Yoshio OkamotoView Author Information Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 19, 6554–6556Publication Date (Web):August 11, 2001Publication History Received22 May 2001Published online11 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma010893vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma010893vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anionic polymerization,Lactones,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is balanced by multiple counter-inhibitory checkpoints (2015)

Meeting abstracts We examined the immune microenvironment of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) using immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection/qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and functional analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. A subset of CRC displayed high infiltration with activated CD8+
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde (2014)

Functionalization of CO2 is a challenging goal and precedents exist for the generation of HCOOH, CO, CH3OH, and CH4 in mild conditions. In this series, CH2O, a very reactive molecule, remains an elementary C1 building block to be observed. Herein we report the direct observation of free formaldehyde from the borane reduction of CO2 catalyzed by a polyhydride ruthenium complex. Guided by mechanistic studies, we disclose the selective trapping of formaldehyde by in situ condensation with a primary amine into the corresponding imine in very mild conditions. Subsequent hydrolysis into amine and a formalin solution demonstrates for the first time that CO2 can be used as a C1 feedstock to produce formaldehyde.
Laboratory studies on a strain of Asian influenza virus used as a living vaccine. (A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines) (1967)

Two pools of living influenza vaccine derived from the Russian A 2 strain Iksha had given discrepant results in clinical trials. The less effective pool showed an increased thermostability of haemagglutinin, an increased elution rate from red blood cells and a reduced ability to grow in chorioallantoic membranes at temperatures above 40° C. The relationship of these findings to the virulence of influenza viruses is discussed.
Hyper-Redundant Robotic Micro-Grippers with Neural Control (2006)

The paper introduces a novel approach for the kinematic coordination of mechanical robot micro-grippers on the basis of neural networks. Conventional robot systems use specialized grippers for specific tasks. For objects with an amorphous structure, variable shape or small dimensions, conventional grippers become unreliable due to several reasons. The present paper presents an approach on the basis of a tentacle shaped micro-gripper with a high number of links and rotational articulated joints. The proposed method for gripping an object is based on wrapping the manipulator's links around the object in order to establish a firm grip. Sensors located near the joints of the micro-manipulator detect the corresponding distances to the object. Since the multi-link manipulator has a high degree of kinematic redundancy (consider up to several hundred links in a chain), the implementation of an effective trajectory control unit is a challenging task, especially if sensor-based real-time coordination is required. In this paper, we use an optimized geometrical path generator in order to teach dynamic neural nets a certain motion behavior, dependent on distance sensor signals. We show that the neural net is able to learn the procedural knowledge for the gripping process with ability of generalization and discuss the results
Carbon dioxide accumulation, walking performance, and metabolic cost in the NASA launch and entry suit. (1999)

During unaided egress, G-suit inflation pressures of 1.0 and 1.5 psi resulted in elevated CO2 in the LES helmet and increased metabolic cost of walking, both of which may impact unaided egress performance. Neither the LES, the LES helmet, nor the G-suit were designed for ambulation. Data from this investigation suggests that adapting flight equipment for uses other than those for which it was originally designed can result in unforeseen problems.
Les violences sexuelles dans l'enfance chez les femmes kanakes de Nouvelle-Calédonie : vers un abaissement du seuil des violences tolérées (2010)

Este articulo se interesa en el abuso sexual de la infancia entre las mujeres kanakas en Nueva Caledonia (Pacifico). Los datos proceden de una estudio sobre mujeres entre 18-54 anos de edad. Entre las mujeres Kanakas, una cada ocho informo de haber si do victima de abuso sexual antes de los 15 anos. La mayoria de los casos fueron perpetrados por un miembro varon de la familia. Las mujeres jovenes tenian mas probabilidades de abuso sexual en la ninez que la mayores. Los resultados conducen a examinar las cuestiones planteadas por la medicion de abuso sexual en la ninez en esa comunidad indigena, en la cual la persistencia de las desigualdades sociales relacionadas con la historia colonial coexisten con una rapida transformacion social en materia de genero y en las familias.
Integrated mode-locked laser design with a distributed-Bragg reflector (1991)

The design of actively mode locked semiconductor lasers integrated onto a single substrate is studied using a new variation on the transmission-line laser model. The laser includes a distributed Bragg reflector to provide wavelength selective feedback. The behaviour of the device under various drive conditions is investigated. Pulses below 3 ps can be achieved by careful design of the Bragg region.
New Methods for the Formation of the P-N and P-F Bonds, their Relevance to Nucleotide and Oligonucleotide Analogues Synthesis (1999)

(1999). New Methods for the Formation of the P-N and P-F Bonds, their Relevance to Nucleotide and Oligonucleotide Analogues Synthesis. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements: Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 637-640.
A Non-Foster VHF Monopole Antenna (2012)

Non-Foster matching promises to improve the performance of electrically small antennas by tens of decibels over a decade of bandwidth, but only a few successful demonstrations have been reported in the literature. A 15-cm monopole antenna has been matched using a variable negative capacitance based on Linvill's balanced negative impedance converter. The realized gain is improved by >;10 dB relative to the unmatched case over 30-200 MHz. This letter reports the design, simulation, and measurement data and gives an equivalent circuit that can be used to synthesize future designs.
Photooxygenation of (R)-p-mentha-3,8(9)-diene and 1-isopropenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes. Preparation of (R)-menthofuran, (R)-evodone and (.+-.)-chromolaenin (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotooxygenation of (R)-p-mentha-3,8(9)-diene and 1-isopropenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes. Preparation of (R)-menthofuran, (R)-evodone and (.+-.)-chromolaeninRouh Rong Juo and Werner HerzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 5, 700–703Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00205a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00205a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREVENTION OF RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS BY MEANS OF OXYPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE – GLUTAPYRONE (2015)

In experiments on rats (290 animals ) exposed to chronic γ-radiation in the total dose of 10.0 Gy it was detected that prescription of synthetic pharmaceutical of the dihydropyridine class-glutapyrone-together with drinking water during 6 months reduced the rate of malignant neoplasms from 26,5% in the control group to 13% in the treated animals. In radiation-exposed rats that received glutapyrone there was a narrowing of spectrum of the emerged neoplasms (connectively-tissual tumors only) as compared to the animals of the radiated control group, where blastomas of epithelium and lymphoid origin were also revealed. Low toxicity of glutapyrone and its anticarcinogenic action show the possibility of practical application of preparation for prevention radiation carcinogenesis.
Characterization of Slow-Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2014)

Bio-oils produced from biomass pyrolysis are an attractive fuel source that requires significant upgrading. Before upgrade strategies can be developed, the molecular composition of bio-oils needs to be better understood. In this work, oily and aqueous fractions of bio-oils produced by slow pyrolysis of two feedstocks, pine shavings (PS) and corn stover (CS), were analyzed by negative electrospray ionization (ESI)-Orbitrap and ion mobility-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-TOF-MS). Analyte ion signal was observed primarily between m/z 80 and 450 in the mass spectra of these samples. Mass defect analysis and collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments performed on mobility-separated ions indicated a high degree of homology among bio-oil samples produced from both feedstocks. Oxygen-rich species having between 1 and 9 oxygen atoms and with double bond equivalents (DBEs) ranging from 1 to 15 were identified, indicating that catalytic upgrading will likely be required if slow-pyrolysis bio-oils are to be utilized as fuel. IM-MS and IM-MS/MS analysis of ions belonging to select CH2-homologous series suggest that mass-mobility correlations and post-ion mobility CID mass spectra may be useful in defining structural relationships among members of a given Kendrick mass defect series.
Measurements for remote identification of electrical equipment (2017)

The phenomenology of electrical signatures being unintentionally injected onto the mains electricity supply by a range of common household devices is investigated. Measurements were made of both current time series and voltage spectra of a variety of devices, using commercially available measurement equipment designed for electromagnetic compatibility testing. The measurements give strong evidence that multiple devices can be identified from either their current transient when switched on or off, or their voltage spectrum when running. While some devices are readily identifiable, even in the presence of large amounts of noise, for low power devices it may be necessary to perform filtering of the mains signal to obtain spectra with a suitable signal‐to‐noise ratio. For certain types of device, spectral signatures of particular instances of the same device appear to be separable in high signal‐to‐noise ratio environments. For example, it may be possible to identify a specific laptop charger among other chargers of the same make and model. The relevant measurements can be made outside buildings, and when combined with other intelligence, could be used to obtain remote intelligence of building interiors.
Activated c‐Met signals through PI3K with dramatic effects on cytoskeletal functions in small cell lung cancer (2002)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive illness with early metastases. There are several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) overexpressed in SCLC, including c-Met. c-Met contains an external semaphorin-like domain, a cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain, tyrosine kinase domain and multiple tyrosines that bind to adapter molecules. We have previously reported that c-Met is abundantly expressed in the NCI-H69 SCLC cell line and now have determined the downstream effects of stimulating c-Met via its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Utilizing unique phospho-specific antibodies generated against various tyrosines of c-Met, we show that Y1003 (binding site for c-Cbl and a negative regulatory site), Y1313 (binding site for PI3K), Y1230/Y1234/Y1235 (autophosphorylation site), Y1349 (binding site for Grb2), Y1365 (important in cell morphogenesis) are phosphorylated in response to HGF (40 ng/ml, 7.5 min) in H69 cells. Since multiple biological and biochemical effects are transduced through the PI3K pathway, we determine the role of PI3K in the c-Met/HGF stimulation pathway. We initially determined that by inhibiting PI3K with LY294002 (50 microM over 72 hours), there was at least a 55% decrease in viability of H69 cells. Since H69 SCLC cells form clusters in cell culture, we determined the effects of HGF and LY294002 on cell motility of the clusters by time-lapse video microscopy. In response to HGF, SCLC moved much faster and formed more clusters, and this was inhibited by LY294002. Finally, we determined the downstream signal transduction of HGF stimulation of c-Met with and without inhibition of c-Met (with geldanamycin, an anisamycin antibiotic that inhibits c-Met in SCLC) or PI3K (with LY294002). We show that association of c-Met with PI3K and GAB2 is diminished by inhibiting c-Met. In summary, activation of the c-Met pathway targets the PI3K pathway in SCLC and this may be an important therapeutic target.
Effect of muscle glycogen content on exercise-induced changes in muscle T2 times (1998)

Effects of gastrocnemius glycogen (Gly) concentration on changes in transverse relaxation time (T2; ms) were studied after 5-min plantar flexion at 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Gastrocnemius Gly, phosphorus metabolites, and T2 were measured in seven subjects by using interleaved 13C/31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 4.7 T and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 1.5 T). After baseline MRS/MRI, subjects exercised for 5 min at 25% of MVC and were reexamined (MRS/MRI). Subjects then performed approximately 15 min of single-leg toe raises (50 +/- 2% of MVC), depleting gastrocnemius Gly by 43%. After a 1-h rest (for T2 return to baseline), subjects repeated the 5-min protocol, followed by a final MRI/MRS. After the initial 5-min protocol, T2 values increased by 5.9 +/- 0.8 ms (29.9 +/- 0.4 to 35.8 +/- 0.6 ms), whereas Gly did not change significantly (70.5 +/- 6.8 to 67.6 +/- 7.4 mM). After 15 min of toe raises, gastrocnemius Gly was reduced to 40.4 +/- 5.3 mM (P </= 0. 01), recovering to 45.8 +/- 5.3 mM (P </= 0.05) during a 1-h rest. After the second 5-min bout of plantar flexion (reduced Gly at 25% of MVC), T2 values increased by 5.0 +/- 0.8 ms (30.4 to 35.4 ms), whereas muscle Gly rose to 57.6 +/- 5.3 mM. We conclude that muscle Gly concentration per se does not affect exercise-induced T2 increases in the human gastrocnemius.