gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability Enhancement by Piperine: A Review (2014)

Oral absorption of drug is very important issue especially when the drug is poorly bioavailable, given for long periods and expensive. Poorly bioavailable drugs remain sub-therapeutic because a major portion of a dose never reaches the plasma or exerts its pharmacological effect unless and until very large doses are given which may also lead to serious side effects. Any significant improvement in bioavailability will result in lowering the dose or the dose frequency of that particular drug. Several approaches have been used to maximize oral bioavailability, but with the discovery of the first bioavailability enhancer piperine in 1979, a new class of drug and a new concept was introduced in to the science. Bioenhancers or bioavailability enhancers are mostly the plant based molecules which promote the biological activity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy. This review article concludes the bioavailability enhancing property of piperine.
The Western Sahara conflict: the role of natural resources in decolonization (2006)

This book gives a comprehensive background to the long running conflict on the status of Western Sahara and particularly highlights the question of the territory's natural resources, such as fish, oil and phosphates. The book analyses why this territory, mainly covered by desert and only sparsely populated has since 1976 when the former colonial power Spain left the territory, engaged governments and people, both regionally and internationally, and the implications of its natural resources. The book includes: - a summary of the Western Saharan conflict, by Pedro Pinte Leite, specialist in international law in the Netherlands; - an up-to-date picture of the situation in Western Sahara with regard to natural resources, and the way in which exploitation is taking place, by Toby Shelley, a British journalist; - the UNs legal opinion from 2002 on exploitation of the natural resources of a Non-Self-Governing Territory written by Hans Corell, former UN Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, the Legal Counsel. Two political views of the conflict are also included. Magnus Schöldtz and Pål Wrange from the Swedish Foreign Ministry elucidate the Swedish Foreign Policy on the Western Sahara Conflict. A statement by Karin Scheele, MEP and President of the Intergroup on Western Sahara in the European Parliament focuses on the economic interests of the parties involved in the conflict. These contributions together with an extended chronology, by Claes Olsson, over the different phases of the conflict form a useful information source for policy-makers, researchers, students and activists interested in or dealing with issues related to the Maghreb framework and in particular the Western Saharan conflict.
Radix-3 Quasi Shift Network For Reconfigurable QC-LDPC Decoders (2013)

This paper presents a novel Radix-3 quasi shift network (QSN) for reconfigurable quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) decoders. The proposed Radix- 3 QSN architecture supports various code rates, various block lengths and all sizes of sub matrices. Furthermore, a novel complexity reduction method is described to reduce the gate count at each stage. Finally, novel Radix-3 signal generator (or merge stage controller) architecture for reconfigurable QC-LDPC decoders is proposed. The proposed network and controller is synthesized using TSMC 0.18-㎛ standard cell CMOS technology. The synthesis results show that the proposed network offers an improvement in the area of about 10% regardless of the network size.
San Francisco. . . Youʼll Never Meet Any Place Like It! (1989)

Alice Davis, RN, was a plastic surgical nurse for over 30 years and one of the founding members of ASPRSN.
Performance of Quantized Congestion Notification in TCP Incast in Data Centers (2011)

Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. A. L. Narasimha Reddy This thesis analyzes the performance of Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) during data access from clustered servers in data centers. The reasons why QCN does not perform adequately in these situations are examined and several modifications are proposed to the protocol to improve its performance in these scenarios. The causes of QCN performance degradation are traced to flow rate variability, and it is shown that adaptive sampling at the switch and adaptive self-increase of flow rates at the QCN rate limiter significantly enhance QCN performance in a TCP Incast setup. The performance of QCN is compared against TCP modifications in a heterogeneous environment, and it is shown that modifications to QCN yield better performance. Finally, the performance of QCN with the proposed modifications is compared with that of unmodified QCN in other workloads to show that the modifications do not negatively affect QCN performance in general. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr.
Development of a Vaccine for Bacterial Kidney Disease in Salmon, 1988 Final Report. (1989)

Bacterial kidney disease of salmonids is a very complex disease which appears to exploit a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. An understanding of these mechanisms is essential to the development of efficacious vaccines. It has become well established from the studies published .in this report and those of others that soluble antigens which are secreted by Renibacterium salmoninarum have toxigenic potential. If they are found to be responsible for mortality, the development of toxoid(s) could be paramount to the production of a vaccine. One must, however, be circumspect in producing a vaccine. A thorough knowledge, not only of the pathogen, but also of the immune system of the host is an absolute requirement. This becomes of particular importance when dealing with fish diseases, since the field of fish immunology is still within its infancy. This lack of knowledge is particularly felt when the induction of a prophylactic immune response concomitantly leads to pathological side effects which may be as destructive as the original infection. Indeed, it appears that some aspects of BKD may be due to the induction of hypersensitivity reactions. If such immunopathologies are expressed, it is prudent to thoroughly evaluate the nature of the immunoprophylaxis to insure that these harmful sequelae do not occur. Evaluation of a variety of antigens, adjuvants, immune responses, and survival data leads us to recommend that attempts at prophylaxis against BKD should center upon the elicitation of cellular immunity utilizing preparations of Mycobacterium chelonii. The choice of this species of mycobacteria was made because of its effectiveness, ease of maintenance and production, and the lack of need for its propagation within containment facilities. These assets are important to consider if large scale vaccine production is to be profitable. As can be seen from the data provided, M. chelonii alone is capable of producing prophylaxis to BKD, however, this is likely due to the induction of non-specific immunity and not to the existence of crossreactive antigens. Therefore, future studies should be devoted to further work on the induction of specific immunoprophylaxis incorporating this agent.
Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil: Palladium acetylacetonate (1985)

Abstract Soybean oil was hydrogenated with palladium acetylacetonate at 60–170 C, 150 psi hydrogen and 1–60 ppm palladium. The best linolenate selectivity (K Le /K Lo =3.5−3.7) was found at 80–120 C. At 120 C palladium acetylacetonate hydrogenated faster than the heterogeneous Pd‐on‐carbon catalyst. Trans isomerization with the homogeneous catalyst was much higher compared to Pd‐on‐carbon catalyst. The low activity of the palladium complex at low temperatures was improved with the addition of triethylaluminum. Among other metal acetylacetonates tested only nickel and chromium were mildly active, whereas cobalt and copper were devoid of catalyst activity.
Research progress of small low-density lipoprotein (2004)

Low-density lipoproteins are hererogeneous in terms of size and density. The presence of sLDL is associated with raised triglyceride and may be a risk marker for coronary artery disease. Small dense LDL particles have been proved to be more atherogenic than large LDL particles. Antioxidant content of sLDL decresed in comparson with large and buoyant LDL, can enhance the expression of cell adhesion molecules. This property may be proposed to contribute to increase disease risk of atherogenic.
Process and metabolic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans as a lactic acid producer (1993)

The main autoregulation parameters of the lactic acid fermentation using an untypical producer, Bacillus coagulans, were studied with the help of NMR spectroscopy. Some important intermediate concentrations, estimated in different process conditions, indicate a key role of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in the glycolytic flux of B. coagulans cells.
ATP-sensitive K+ channels are not involved in ischemia-reperfusion lung endothelial injury (1995)

The role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) was studied in isolated rat lungs. I/R produced a sixfold increase in endothelial permeability as measured by the capillary filtration coefficient. Cromakalim (10 microM) given at 46 min after reperfusion reversed the filtration coefficient increase. This effect was not blocked by either a protein kinase A inhibitor (adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate; 100 microM) or an adenosine antagonist [8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline; 20 microM]. Cromakalim given before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion protected the endothelial barrier from injury. Glibenclamide (500 microM) given before the ischemic period, at the beginning of reperfusion, or 46 min after reperfusion did not alter the changes in microvascular permeability produced by I/R. Glibenclamide blocked the ability of cromakalim to reverse endothelial damage but not the ability of either isoproterenol (10 microM) or an adenosine A2-receptor agonist, CGS-21680 (300 nM). We conclude that opening of KATP channels does not produce endothelial injury in I/R. The activation of KATP channels can both protect against and reverse the endothelial damage associated with I/R. This novel mechanism(s) is independent from known pathways that employ cAMP-protein kinase system and adenosine.
COX-2 and NF-KB Overexpression Is Common in Pancreatic Cancer but Does Not Predict for COX-2 Inhibitors Activity in Combination With Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin (2007)

The use of a COX-2 inhibitor does not add any valuable activity to a gemcitabine/oxaliplatin combination, even in patients with COX-2 and NF-KB overexpressing tumors.
Broadband ISDN protocols and interface structures (2003)

The B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) is a virtual circuit-switched network that can be used for services requiring high-speed packet switching. Work is already underway to define and standardize B-ISDN in the CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee). The B-ISDN will use a flexible multiplexing format called ATM (asynchronous transfer mode). In the US proposal the B-ISDN is based on the SONET (synchronous optical network) specifications as a physical layer. An introduction is presented to the subject of computer network architecture in general, B-ISDN protocols, and interface structures, and some of the interfaces that can be used in establishing B-ISDN architecture are discussed. The authors also discuss the relationship between interfaces at reference points, the ATM header format, and SONET architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Markov random field method for dynamic PET image segmentation</title> (1998)

In this paper, the Markov random field (MRF) clustering method for highly noisy medical image segmentation is presented. In MRF method, the image to be segmented is analyzed in a probabilistic way that establishes image model by a posteriori probability density function with Bayes' theorem, with relation between pixel positions as well as gray-levels involved. The adaptive threshold parameter is determined in the iterative clustering process to achieve global optimal segmentation. The presented method and other segmentation methods in use are tested on simulation images of different noise levels, and the numerical comparison result is presented. It also is applied on the highly noisy positron emission tomography images, in that the diagnostic hypoxia fraction is automatically calculated. The experimental results are acceptable, and show that the presented method is suitable and robust for noisy image segmentation.
Fabrication of multilayer Laue lenses by a combination of pulsed laser deposition and focused ion beam (2010)

X-ray diffractive techniques using Fresnel zone plate lenses of various forms are of great technical interest because of their ability to form images at very high spatial resolution, but the zone plates are unfortunately very hard to produce by lithography. Alternatively, multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) and multilayer zone plates are used due to the higher and easily adjustable aspect ratio necessary for different wavelengths. In this paper, the fabrication of a MLL by a combination of pulsed laser deposition and focused ion beam machining is described. All steps of the production of a Ti/ZrO(2) microlens test structure with focal length of 220 microm (for a wavelength of 2.88 nm in the "water window" regime) are explained in detail. It is shown that this combination of two powerful techniques is very effective for the fabrication of MLL. All steps can be done in a very precise and controlled way without introducing damage to the grown multilayer structures.
[Measurement technique for the cracking sounds during spinal manipulation]. (2005)

This device can be used for collecting, locating and analyzing the cracking sounds during spinal manipulation.
Empirical Mode Decomposition in 2-D space and time: a tool for space-time rainfall analysis and nowcasting (2005)

Abstract. A data-driven method for extracting temporally persistent information, at different spatial scales, from rainfall data (as measured by radar/satellite) is described, which extends the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm into two dimensions. The EMD technique is used here to decompose spatial rainfall data into a sequence of high through to low frequency components. This process is equivalent to the application of successive low-pass spatial filters, but based on the observed properties of the data rather than the predetermined basis functions used in traditional Fourier or Wavelet decompositions. It has been suggested in the literature that the lower frequency components (those with large spatial extent) of spatial rainfall data exhibit greater temporal persistence than the higher frequency ones. This idea is explored here in the context of Empirical Mode Decomposition. The paper focuses on the implementation and development of the two-dimensional extension to the EMD algorithm and it's application to radar rainfall data, as well as examining temporal persistence in the data at different spatial scales.
Scattering in a section of ferrite-coupled microstrip lines: theory and application in nonreciprocal devices (2002)

A section of axially magnetised ferrite coupled microstrip lines (FCL) is analysed using the method of field expansion, which is based on the interaction of the dominant ferrite and isotropic modes in the ferrite–dielectric interfaces of an FCL. The scattering matrix of a four–port microstrip FCL junction is obtained from matching of the fields at the ferrite–dielectric interface at both ends of the FCL. The performance of the microstrip FCL section is investigated numerically and the results of simulation are compared with available experimental data to demonstrate the efficiency of the approach. The configurations of the circulator and novel quasicyclic devices comprising the FCL section are reported and their scattering characteristics are calculated and discussed.
Purification, crystallisation and preliminary X‐ray analysis of the vanadium‐dependent haloperoxidase from <i>Corallina officinalis</i> (1995)

The vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase from the seaweed Corallina officinalis has been purified to homogeneity and crystallised. The protein is reported to be a hexamer of 12 x 64,000 Da, contains no haem, and is dependent on vanadium for activity. The crystals are grown from polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6,000 and 0.4 M potassium chloride. They are stable and diffract to better than 2 A resolution. They are of a cubic space group I23 (or 12(1)3) with cell dimensions a = b = c = 310 A.
Single cell imaging with AFM using Biochip/Bioimprint technology (2009)

Atomic Force Microscopy has been used to investigate and characterise endometrial cancer cells and LH-secreting cells, namely gonadotrophs, of the pituitary. Using nanoscale resolution of the AFM features associated with exocytosis events in each cell type are imaged and presented as foundation for further development and understanding of exocytosis process. Membrane fusion and secretion are fundamental cellular mechanisms responsible for the regulation secretion in pituitary gonadotroph cells and endometrial cells. We will describe a new technique named Bioimprint that integrate soft lithography directly with bio-material to create replica cell impression in robust storage media designed to facilitate topographic analysis using AFM. Furthermore, to advance the integration of automated laboratory systems for single-cell identification and analysis it is useful to position cells into organised arrangements. An electrode array chip, known as the Biochip, has also been developed to trap cells within cavities for high resolution analysis. The Biochip is designed to position cells at known addressable locations using positive dielectrophoresis by creating intense areas of high field gradients exposed as isolated regions, in the form of micro-cavity incubators fabricated on the electrode face. An integrated approach using a Biochip for cell positioning combined with a Bioimprint replication technique is presented as a methodology facilitating single-cell analysis.
Vibromyography as a quantitative measure of muscle force production (1997)

This study was undertaken to investigate the use of vibromyography (VMG) as a tool for quantifying skeletal muscle force production. Fourteen healthy volunteers were pretested using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer to determine their isometric quadricep maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) values. On the basis of these results, the subjects were separated into two groups: high-force ("HF" MVC mean = 289 ft.lb., range 254-330) and low-force ("LF" MVC mean = 154 ft.lb., range 101-198). A vibromyographic piezoelectric accelerometer (Dytran 3115A) and electromyographic (EMG) surface electrodes were affixed to the rectus femoris muscle and recordings were obtained at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% MVC. Root mean squares, median and mean values were computed from digitized data in the time domain while peak values were calculated from a fast Fourier transform for both the VMG and EMG data. A two-way repeated measures MANOVA using relative values and a linear regression model using absolute values were studied using BMDP and MiniTab software. Linear correlations were found between quadricept force and all EMG variables (R2 range 0.71-0.90) except peak (R2 = 0.39). The relationship between VMG and force was less linear (R2 range 0.19-0.69) because VMG values reach a plateau or even drop at 80% and 100% MVC. The HF-LF group differences were significant (p < 0.05), for all VMG values with the exception of root mean squares, but were not significant (p > 0.05) for all four EMG values. This study shows that, while EMG can discriminate force production within a given subject, VMG is a better discriminator of absolute muscle force values between subjects, particularly up to 60% MVC.
Combined, but not individual, blockade of ASIC3, P2X, and EP4 receptors attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in rats with freely perfused hindlimb muscles (2015)

In healthy humans, tests of the hypothesis that lactic acid, PGE2, or ATP plays a role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex proved controversial. The findings in humans resembled ours in decerebrate rats that individual blockade of the receptors to lactic acid, PGE2, and ATP had only small effects on the exercise pressor reflex provided that the muscles were freely perfused. This similarity between humans and rats prompted us to test the hypothesis that in rats with freely perfused muscles combined receptor blockade is required to attenuate the exercise pressor reflex. We first compared the reflex before and after injecting either PPADS (10 mg/kg), a P2X receptor antagonist, APETx2 (100 μg/kg), an activating acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC) channel antagonist, or L161982 (2 μg/kg), an EP4 receptor antagonist, into the arterial supply of the hindlimb of decerebrated rats. We then examined the effects of combined blockade of P2X receptors, ASIC3 channels, and EP4 receptors on the exercise pressor reflex using the same doses, intra-arterial route, and time course of antagonist injections as those used for individual blockade. We found that neither PPADS (n = 5), APETx2 (n = 6), nor L161982 (n = 6) attenuated the reflex. In contrast, combined blockade of these receptors (n = 7) attenuated the peak (↓27%, P < 0.019) and integrated (↓48%, P < 0.004) pressor components of the reflex. Combined blockade injected intravenously had no effect on the reflex. We conclude that combined blockade of P2X receptors, ASIC3 channels, and EP4 receptors on the endings of thin fiber muscle afferents is required to attenuate the exercise pressor reflex in rats with freely perfused hindlimbs.
Recognizing Bedside Events Using Thermal and Ultrasonic Readings (2017)

Falls in homes of the elderly, in residential care facilities and in hospitals commonly occur in close proximity to the bed. Most approaches for recognizing falls use cameras, which challenge privacy, or sensor devices attached to the bed or the body to recognize bedside events and bedside falls. We use data collected from a ceiling mounted 80 × 60 thermal array combined with an ultrasonic sensor device. This approach makes it possible to monitor activity while preserving privacy in a non-intrusive manner. We evaluate three different approaches towards recognizing location and posture of an individual. Bedside events are recognized using a 10-second floating image rule/filter-based approach, recognizing bedside falls with 98.62% accuracy. Bed-entry and exit events are recognized with 98.66% and 96.73% accuracy, respectively.
Cost benefit comparison of plaster casts and optical scans of the foot for the manufacture of foot orthoses (2007)

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Extending ODMG for federated database systems (2002)

A federated database system (FDBS) allows uniform and transparent access to the data of multiple heterogeneous DBS. Therefore the federation layer converts the heterogeneous data into a canonical data model. Object-oriented data models are shown to be most appropriate for a canonical data model. As a new standard has arisen in the object-oriented database area, ODMG-93 (ODMG), the paper extends the interfaces of ODMG (with C++ binding) for an FDBS. The author extends the syntax of the ODMG object definition language (ODL) to a schema integration language. It allows to derive federated schemata from existing DBS schemata. The syntax of the object manipulation language (OML) and object query language (OQL) do not have to be extended for an FDBS but can directly serve as a global interface. Only the semantics needs to be extended in the sense that cell operations allow transparent data access on multiple heterogeneous DBS.