gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs for 10-Gb/s ICs using a new base ohmic contact fabrication process (1993)

A new basic ohmic contact technology for AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is presented. The effect of the device parameters on the high-frequency performance of HBT ICs for 10-Gb/s systems is analyzed, and it is shown that, at a cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 40 GHz or more, reducing base resistance or collector capacitance is more effective than increasing f/sub T/ for obtaining high-frequency performance. A process is developed for fabricating base electrodes with a very low ohmic contact resistivity, approximately 10/sup -7/ Omega -cm/sup 2/, by using a AuZn/Mo/Au alloy, which provides the required high performance. Self-aligned AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs, with a 2.5- mu m*5- mu m emitter, using a AuZn/Mo/Au alloy base metal and an undoped GaAs collector, are shown to have an f/sub T/ and a maximum oscillation frequency of about 45 and 70 GHz, respectively, at 3.5 mA. An AGC amplifier with a 20-dB gain and a bandwidth of 13.7 GHz demonstrates stable performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cold Stress Induces Metabolic Activation of Thyrotrophin‐Releasing Hormone‐Synthesising Neurones in the Magnocellular Division of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Concomitantly Changes Ovarian Sympathetic Activity Parameters (2006)

Recent studies suggest thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) serves as a neurotransmitter and thereby provides a functional vegetative connection between the brain and the ovary. In the present study, magnocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in animals subjected to cold exposure were studied to determine the hypothalamic origin of the TRH involved in this pathway. In situ hybridisation analysis of hypothalamic tissue showed that cold exposure causes a two-fold increase in the total number of neurones expressing TRH mRNA in the PVN. Immunohistochemical studies showed that TRH peptide is localised to the magnocellular PVN and that the number of TRH immunoreactive cells increases two-fold following 64 h of cold exposure. Double-immunostaining for MAP-2 and TRH revealed that TRH peptide is localised in the perikarya of the magnocellular neurones. TRH release was measured in vivo from the magnocellular portion of the PVN using push-pull perfusion. Although controls exhibited a very low level of TRH release, animals subjected to cold showed a pulsatile-like TRH release profile with two different patterns of release: (i) low basal level with small bursts of TRH release and (ii) a profile with an up to seven-fold increase in TRH release compared to controls. The colocalisation of TRH with the specific somato-dendritic marker MAP-2 in processes of the magnocellular neurones suggested a local release of TRH. Additional studies demonstrated a reduction in ovarian noradrenaline content after 48 h of cold exposure, a feature indicative of nerve activation at the terminal organ. After 64 h of cold exposure, the ovarian noradrenaline returned to control values but the noradrenaline content of the coeliac ganglia was increased, suggesting a compensatory effect originating in the cell bodies of the sympathetic neurones that innervate the ovary. The correlation between the local release of TRH from dendrites within the magnocellular PVN in conditions of cold and the activation of the sympathetic nerves supplying the ovary raises the possibility that TRH contributes to the processing regulating sympathetic outflow and may thereby impact on the functional activity of the ovary.
Systemic glucocorticoid treatment decreases serum concentrations of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (1992)

The effect of systemic glucocorticoid treatment on collagen synthesis in patients with various dermatoses was studied by measuring the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) in serum. Changes in the propeptide concentrations were compared with those of osteocalcin, which reflects osteoblastic activity, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), which reflects osteoclastic activity. The treatment caused significant decreases in levels of PICP, PIIINP and osteocalcin of 38, 34 and 49%, respectively (P less than 0.001). For TRAP, both increases and decreases were seen. The effects on PICP and PIIINP were evident 2-4 days after the onset of steroid therapy. The decrease in PICP was dose-related (r = 0.470, P less than 0.005) but even relatively small doses (0.1 mg of prednisone/kg/1 day) caused a significant reduction in PICP. After cessation of treatment, the levels of PICP returned to the pretreatment level in 1 week. The present study demonstrates that systemic glucocorticoid therapy in humans suppresses the synthesis of type I and III collagens and also non-collagenous bone matrix proteins.
Anthranoid free radicals found in pseudomelanosis coli. (1998)

Pseudomelanosis coli occurs after prolonged intake a anthranoids. After discontinuation of intake the pigmentation disappears apparently without noxious effects, including carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. We are presenting ESR spectra of pseudomelanosis coli specimen, compared to ESR spectra of pigmented skin scales taken from psoriatic patients treated topically with anthralin, and with ESR spectra of anthralin brown material formed in vitro. The ESR spectra show comparable g values within the accuracy of measurements. The examined specimens reveal remarkable stability: the intensity of the ESR signal remained practically constant over the period of four years. The chemical and physicochemical properties of the brown pigments formed from anthranoids explain the observed bio-inertness of these materials including that of melanosis coli pigment derived from anthranoids.
Texture-Based Infrared Image Segmentation by Combined Merging and Partitioning (2007)

This paper describes a method of image segmentation using recursive splitting and merging based on texture similarity measures. This technique addresses the problem of segmenting image regions of varying texture with limited intensity edges. The proposed technique provides a framework for texture based image segmentation that is shown to be applicable across a wide variety of image content. The primary motivation for this work is the segmentation of infrared images. Infrared imagery is characterized by narrow histograms corresponding to ambient scene temperature. Results illustrate that using texture signatures for infrared imagery yields enhanced segmentation performance over luminance features. Additional benefit for infrared imagery and better generality to other images types is obtained when luminance and texture are both applied to the segmentation criteria. A method for the quantitative comparison of segmentation results is presented and benchmarks are provided against several recent segmentation algorithms.
A Rapid Method for the Concentration of Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins Prior to Paper Electrophoresis (1966)

Journal Article A Rapid Method for the Concentration of Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins Prior to Paper Electrophoresis Get access John N. Whitaker, M.D., John N. Whitaker, M.D. Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Helio Lemmi, M.D. Helio Lemmi, M.D. Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 45, Issue 5_ts, May 1966, Pages 643–646, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.5_ts.643 Published: 01 May 1966 Article history Received: 30 July 1965 Published: 01 May 1966
U.S. Geological Survey Core Drilling on the Atlantic Shelf (1979)

The first broad program of scientific shallow drilling on the U.S. Atlantic continental shelf has delineated rocks of Pleistocene to Late Cretaceous age, including phosphoritic Miocene strata, widespread Eocene carbonate deposits that serve as reflective seismic markers, and several regional unconformities. Two sites, off Maryland and New Jersey, showed light hydrocarbon gases having affinity to mature petroleum. Pore fluid studies showed that relatively fresh to brackish water occurs beneath much of the Atlantic continental shelf, whereas increases in salinity off Georgla and beneath the Florida-Hatteras slope suggest buried evaporitic strata. The sediment cores showed engineering properties that range from good foundation strength to a potential for severe loss of strength through interaction between sediments and man-made structures.
Power loading stategy for multicarrier system with the given BER in a frequency selective fading channel (2008)

In this letter we focus on the power allocation in multicarrier modulation system (MCM). We consider two non iterative algorithms of adaptive power loading (APL). The first of them minimizes the average power of the system transmitter and ensures the preset average bit-error rate (BER) and the second provides decreasing of the average transmitting power subject to the given values of demanded BER and the outage probability. The considered algorithms may be used for power-efficient management of the up-link in cellular communication, where mobile terminals use rechargeable batteries, or of the downlink in satellite communication with solar power source of a transponder. Performance analysis of the adaptive MCM (AMCM) systems supported by computer simulation for the case of the m-Nakagami fading and additive white Gaussian noise in the forward and backward channels is presented. Evaluation of the average power gain (APG) of the considered APL strategies and its comparison with uniform power loading strategy, shows that APG depends on average signal to noise ratio (ASNR) in the system sub channels and can reach 20 dB.
Simple Radioimmunoassay of Five Unconjugated Ovarian Steroids in a Single Sample of Serum or Plasma (1973)

Abstract A simplified radioimmunoassay procedure is described for determination of free ovarian steroids in plasma or serum. Ether extracts were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column equilibrated with benzene—methanol (85:15 by vol) and estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were resolved from each other. With relatively specific antibodies, all five hormones were specifically assayed directly after the single chromatographic procedure. Procedures for additional purification are described when specific antibodies are not available. A mechanized chromatographic apparatus was used to purify 12 serum extracts simultaneously, permitting up to 120 determinations per day by a single worker. Assay reliability criteria were satisfactory for all assay systems, and steroid values obtained from subjects in different physiological states agreed with previously reported concentrations.
Systems pharmacology of mifepristone (RU486) reveals its 47 hub targets and network: Comprehensive analysis and pharmacological focus on FAK-Src-Paxillin complex (2015)

Mifepristone (RU486), a synthetic steroid compound used as an abortifacient drug, has received considerable attention to its anticancer activity recently. To explore the possibility of using mifepristone as a cancer metastasis chemopreventive, we performed a systems pharmacology analysis of mifepristone-related molecules in the present study. Data were collected by using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and 513 mifepristone-related genes were dug out and classified functionally using a gene ontology (GO) hierarchy, followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Potential signal pathways and targets involved in cancer were obtained by integrative network analysis. Total thirty-three proteins were involved in focal adhesion-the key signaling pathway associated with cancer metastasis. Molecular and cellular assays further demonstrated that mifepristone had the ability to prevent breast cancer cells from migration and interfere with their adhesion to endothelial cells. Moreover, mifepristone inhibited the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and the formation of FAK/Src/Paxillin complex, which are correlated with cell adhesion and migration. This study set a good example to identify chemotherapeutic potential seamlessly from systems pharmacology to cellular pharmacology, and the revealed hub genes may be the promising targets for cancer metastasis chemoprevention.
Grignard Reagents of Sulfones. I. Preparation and Reactions of β-Phenyl-β-hydroxyethyl Phenyl Sulfone<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrignard Reagents of Sulfones. I. Preparation and Reactions of β-Phenyl-β-hydroxyethyl Phenyl Sulfone1Lamar FieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 15, 3919–3921Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01135a062Request reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (410 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experiment and theory of Tunable Broadband Parametric Gain in a Photonic Crystal Fiber (2007)

International audience
Design and manufacture of 8.4m primary mirror segments and supports for the GMT (2006)

The design, manufacture and support of the primary mirror segments for the GMT build on the successful primary mirror systems of the MMT, Magellan and Large Binocular telescopes. The mirror segment and its support system are based on a proven design, and the experience gained in the existing telescopes has led to significant refinements that will provide even better performance in the GMT. The first 8.4 m segment has been cast at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab, and optical processing is underway. Measurement of the off-axis surface is the greatest challenge in the manufacture of the segments. A set of tests that meets the requirements has been defined and the concepts have been developed in some detail. The most critical parts of the tests have been demonstrated in the measurement of a 1.7 m off-axis prototype. The principal optical test is a full-aperture, high-resolution null test in which a hybrid reflective-diffractive null corrector compensates for the 14 mm aspheric departure of the off-axis segment. The mirror support uses the same synthetic floatation principle as the MMT, Magellan, and LBT mirrors. Refinements for GMT include 3-axis actuators to accommodate the varying orientations of segments in the telescope.
Insulin induces rapid accumulation of insulin receptors and increases tyrosine kinase activity in the nucleus of cultured adipocytes (1993)

To better understand the mechanism by which insulin exerts effects on events at the cell nucleus, we have studied insulin receptors and tyrosine kinase activity in nuclei isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation following insulin treatment of differentiated 3T3-F442A cells. Insulin stimulated nuclear accumulation of insulin receptors by approximately threefold at 5 min. The half-maximal effect was observed with 1-10 nM insulin. Following insulin treatment, phosphotyrosine content associated with the nuclear insulin receptor was also increased by twofold at 5 min with a similar insulin concentration dependency. These nuclear insulin receptors differ from the membrane-associated insulin receptors in that they were not efficiently solubilized with 1% Triton X-100. During the same period of time, insulin stimulated nuclear tyrosine kinase activity toward the exogenous substrate poly Glu4:Tyr1 tenfold in a time-dependent manner reaching a maximum at 30 min. The insulin receptor substrate protein 1 (IRS-1) could not be detected in the nucleus by immunoblotting. However, a nuclear protein with M(r) approximately 220 kDa was tyrosine phosphorylated, and insulin further stimulated this process threefold > 30 mins. Surface labeling was performed to determine if the nuclear insulin receptors would emerge from the plasma membrane fraction. Using 125I-BPA-insulin with intact cells, the intensity of nuclear insulin receptor labeling was negligible and not increased throughout 30 min incubation at 37 degrees C. In contrast, there was an increase in labeled receptors in the microsomal fraction following insulin treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that insulin rapidly increases nuclear insulin receptor appearance and activates nuclear tyrosine kinase activity. The insulin-induced accumulation of nuclear insulin receptors cannot be accounted for by internalization of surface membrane receptors. These effects of insulin may play an important role in action of the hormone at the nuclear level.
Experimental demonstration of an optical wireless MRI compatible PET/SPECT insert front-end (2016)

We present the design and development of a positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detector module applying optical wireless communication (OWC) techniques. Our design divides the detector module in two sections. One is the passive, low consumption MRI compatible insert front-end that comprises of a scintillator, a silicon photomultiplier and minimum analog electronics. The analog pulses are transmitted through analog OWC to the second section, the back-end digitalization and reconstruction module. In this work we study how such a setting retains all the necessary features for the detection and characterization of gamma scintillation events. Critical factors compromising this combination have been studied and solutions are proposed. Possible high ratio multiplexing schemes for the necessary transmission with less communication channels are also researched and tested. A series of measurements on different settings demonstrate the viability of this technique. This design can be a cost effective alternative for the industrial production of a flexible and customizable modular PET or SPECT detector insert that can be applied to pre-existing small animal or human MRI settings, only minimally affecting the size of the MRI bore and without compromising the PET signal quality.
The HETDEX Instrumentation: Hobby–Eberly Telescope Wide-field Upgrade and VIRUS (2021)

Abstract The Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET) Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) is undertaking a blind wide-field low-resolution spectroscopic survey of 540 deg 2 of sky to identify and derive redshifts for a million Ly α -emitting galaxies in the redshift range 1.9 < z < 3.5. The ultimate goal is to measure the expansion rate of the universe at this epoch, to sharply constrain cosmological parameters and thus the nature of dark energy. A major multiyear Wide-Field Upgrade (WFU) of the HET was completed in 2016 that substantially increased the field of view to 22′ diameter and the pupil to 10 m, by replacing the optical corrector, tracker, and Prime Focus Instrument Package and by developing a new telescope control system. The new, wide-field HET now feeds the Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS), a new low-resolution integral-field spectrograph (LRS2), and the Habitable Zone Planet Finder, a precision near-infrared radial velocity spectrograph. VIRUS consists of 156 identical spectrographs fed by almost 35,000 fibers in 78 integral-field units arrayed at the focus of the upgraded HET. VIRUS operates in a bandpass of 3500−5500 Å with resolving power R ≃ 800. VIRUS is the first example of large-scale replication applied to instrumentation in optical astronomy to achieve spectroscopic surveys of very large areas of sky. This paper presents technical details of the HET WFU and VIRUS, as flowed down from the HETDEX science requirements, along with experience from commissioning this major telescope upgrade and the innovative instrumentation suite for HETDEX.
Turnover-type Free-space Multichannel Optical Switch (1993)

Free-space optical switches are attractive candidates to replace conventional electrical switches in future supercomputers and telecommunication systems[1]. The switches have the potential to handle a large number of high speed signals without suffering from such problems as electromagnetic interference, signal delay, and clock skew. Liquid crystal light modulators which can control the polarization state of light are promising as the switching devices in such switches, because they make it easy to construct large arrays, and they are transparent to the lights being switched over a wide wavelength region. Several free-space multichannel optical switches based on these devices have been proposed for multistage optical switching networks [2],[3]. The optical switches are the one-way type in which optical signals enter one side of the switch body and are output from the other side. Input and output fiber arrays must, therefore, be situated on both sides of the switch. In applying such switches to intra-board chip-to-chip interconnects in a multiprocessor system, the input and output links of each processor have to be connected to the optical switch via input and output optical fibers, respectively [4]. This scheme causes wiring congestion and restricts the architecture of the system if the number of processors is increased.
Building Innovative Capabilities in Latecomer Emerging Market Firms: Some Key Issues (2012)

Abstract This chapter draws on previous research to set the context for the new empirical studies in subsequent chapters. It opens by elaborating on basic ideas about latecomer firms, catching up, and innovation capabilities at different stages of economic growth, and then.addresses two sets of questions. The first concerns the kinds of pathways, sequences, and rates that individual latecomer firms may follow through levels and types of capability. The second is about factors that help to explain inter-firm differences in those pathways. At the micro-level, the most important of these are about the mechanisms that firms use to create successive levels of innovative capability — in particular, the intensity of management effort and financial commitment to those ‘learning’ processes. The influence of wider industry-level and economy-wide incentives and institutions is also reviewed.