gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor receptor–dependent morphogenesis of the<i>Drosophila</i>mesoderm (2000)

The Drosophila fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors Heartless and Breathless are required for the morphogenesis of the mesoderm and the tracheal system. In this article we discuss a number of questions relating to the morphogenesis of these tissues and speculate on poorly understood aspects of the underlying mechanisms. As yet a ligand has not been identified for Heartless, but in the case of Breathless the ligand may in some situations act as a chemotactic signal. We consider it unlikely that release of a distant chemotactic signal plays a role in the morphogenesis of the mesoderm. Instead we propose that the change in the mesoderm from an invaginated epithelium to a single layer of cells spread out on the ectoderm could be a result of the mesodermal cells trying to maximize their contact with the ectoderm. Exactly how the activation of the FGF receptors affects cell behaviour and leads to cell movement is not understood. The signal could simply be permissive, causing cells to become motile, or it could act as a directional signal for cells that are already motile, or perhaps provide both functions. Furthermore, it is unclear how signal transduction is coupled to morphological change. It seems unlikely that activation of transcription targets is essential for cell migration and it is possible that FGF signalling may have a direct effect on the cytoskeleton independent of the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Analysis of the function of dof, which encodes a cytoplasmic protein required for FGF signal transduction may provide an insight into these issues.
Effect of free radical initiators on the hydrocracking of heavy oils (2010)

The effects of three free radical initiators including azodiisobutyronitrile(AIBN),Di-tert-butyl peroxide(DTBP) and iodine(I2) on the hydrocracking of Kelamayi vacuum gas oil(KVGO) and Gudao vacuum residue(GDVR) were investigated in an autoclave-style reactor.The effects of the amounts of initiator and catalyst added and the reaction temperature on the hydrocracking were examined under an initial H2 pressure of 7.0 MPa(reaction time,1 h).The results indicated that the conversion of heavy oil,the yield of light distillates,and the extent of hydrodesulfurization(HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation(HDN) are improved largely by the addition of the initiators for hydrocracking.By adding 5 000×10-6 or 10 000×10-6 initiator in the feed,the yield of light distillates can be increased by 10% or 13% and the extent of HDS and HDN is increased by about 11% or 7%,respectively.DTBP and I2 are better initiators in the hydrocracking than AIBN.An analysis of the cracking-products reveals that the addition of initiators is favorable for the formation of the primary cracking-products with VGO or vacuum residues as the hydrocracking feed.
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism. A Correlative Study of the Clinical, Scan, and Angiographic Findings (1970)

Seventy-one patients with suspected pulmonary embolism had both pulmonary scans and angiograms. Clinically it was impossible to predict the absence or presence of subsequent angiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism in the individual patient. In 24 patients the scans showed defects that were believed to indicate a high probability of pulmonary embolism-namely, perfusion defects that corresponded to specific anatomical segments of the lung together with normal chest radiographs or radiographs suggestive of pulmonary embolism. Specific angiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism was found in 18 (75%) of these patients. Diffuse, patchy, and non-segmental perfusion defects were seen in 28 patients. Only seven (25%) of this group had angiographic abnormalities specific for embolism. In 12 patients with normal lung scans none showed subsequent evidence of embolism by angiography. It is concluded firstly that lung scanning is a sensitive screening procedure for pulmonary embolism and, secondly, that segmental perfusion defects are highly suggestive of pulmonary embolism.
An Unexpected Three-Component Condensation Leading to Amino- (3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-isoindol-1-ylidene)- acetonitriles (2004)

The reaction of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde with primary amines in the presence of cyanide leads to the formation of 2-substituted amino(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-ylidene)acetonitriles. These compounds originate from the condensation of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde with the amine and two molecules of hydrogen cyanide and represent a novel class of isoindolinones.
Distributed power flow analysis for hybrid AC/HVDC grids by network decomposition (2014)

This paper proposes a distributed method for solving power flow problems for hybrid AC/HVDC grids using network decomposition. The hybrid system is decomposed at the AC side point of common coupling (PCC) buses. The power flows of the resulting subsystems are solved separately with fixed boundary conditions. The solutions are iterated with updated boundary conditions and coordinated by a master program until convergence. The method described here has a few advantages compared to previous decomposition methods: 1) all grid specific features are encapsulated and handled in self-contained power flow modules, which allows the re-use of existing AC grid PF program with no modification; 2) all equations in a DC grid are solved simultaneously and it requires no additional DC slack bus iterations, which enables the handling of various DC grid modeling features and easy maintenance and upgrade. The proposed method is illustrated by using a test hybrid AC/DC grid consisting of two asynchronous AC systems, one interconnecting multi-terminal DC grid and one embedded multi-terminal DC grid, involving both monopolar and bipolar DC grid designs.
TranScout: prediction of gene expression regulatory proteins from their sequences (2002)

The program is freely available for use on the internet at http://luz.uab.es/transcout/. The user can find additional information at this site.
The role of snow on microwave emission and scattering over first-year sea ice (1998)

Investigates the geophysical and thermodynamic effects of snow on sea ice in defining the electromagnetic (EM) interaction within the microwave portion of the spectrum. The authors combine observational evidence of both the physical and thermodynamic characteristics of snow with direct measurements of scattering and emission at a variety of frequencies. They explain their observational results using various "state-of-the-art" forward scattering and emission models. Results show that geophysical characteristics of snow effect emission above about 37 GHz and above 5 GHz for active microwave scattering. They understand these effects to be driven by grain size and its contribution to volume scattering in both passive and active interactions within the volume. With snow cover, the Brewster angle effect is not significant and there is a gradual rise in emission from 10 to 37 GHz. They find emissivity to be dominated by direct emission from saline ice through the snow layer. Hence, the influence of grain size is small but the trend is clearly a drop in total emission as the grain size increases. They find that the role of the volume fraction of snow on emission and scattering is a complex relationship between the number density of scatterers relative to the coherence of this scattering ensemble. At low volume fractions, they find that independent scattering dominates, resulting in an increase in albedo and the extinction coefficient of the snow with frequency. The thermodynamic effects of snow on microwave scattering and emission are driven by the role that thermal diffusivity and conductivity play in the definition of brine volumes at the ice surface and within the snow volume. Prior to the presence of water in liquid phase within the snow volume, they find that the indirect effects are dominated by an impedance matching process across the snow-ice interface. They find that the complex permittivity at the snow-ice interface is considerably higher than over the bare ice surface.
A method for N-terminal de novo sequencing of Nα-blocked proteins by mass spectrometry. (2011)

A method for de novo sequencing of N(α)-blocked proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is presented. The approach consists of enzymatic digestion of N(α)-blocked protein, recovery of N-terminal peptide by depletion of non-N-terminal peptides from the digest pool, and selective derivatization of a C-terminal α-carboxyl group of isolated N-terminal peptide. The C-terminal α-carboxyl group of the N-terminal peptide was selectively derivatized with 3-aminopropyl-tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide (TMPP-propylamine), according to oxazolone chemistry. The reagent TMPP-propylamine was designed to facilitate sequence analysis with MALDI-MS by mass- and charge-tagging. All of the identities and N-terminal sequences of two N(α)-acetylated proteins (rabbit phosphorylase b and bovine calmodulin) and human orexin A, which has pyroglutamic acid at the N-terminus, were successfully analyzed by allowing for the y-type ions almost exclusively.
Measuring Dopant-Modulated Vibrational Energy Transfer over the Surface of Silicon Nanoparticles by 2D-IR Spectroscopy (2018)

2D-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the vibrational dynamics of surface hydride modes on silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). Energy transfer was compared between undoped (intrinsic) SiNPs and particles that were doped with boron and phosphorus. FTIR spectra reported changes in the relative proportions of Si–H, Si–H2, and Si–H3 populations when boron and phosphorus atoms were incorporated, while 2D-IR spectroscopy revealed that there was vibrational energy transfer on the tens of ps time scale between all three mode types for intrinsic SiNPs. This energy transfer was severely diminished by including just 0.05 atomic % of boron and was completely extinguished for 2.5 atomic % of phosphorus. In addition, the vibrational lifetimes of mono and polyhydride modes on intrinsic silicon particles were uniformly fast, while doped nanoparticles showed frequency dependent relaxation times reminiscent of porous and amorphous silicon films.
Flow Cytometric Quantification of All Phases of the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in a Two-Color Fluorescence Plot (2013)

An optimal technology for cell cycle analysis would allow the concomitant measurement of apoptosis, G0, G1, S, G2 and M phases in combination with cell surface phenotyping. We have developed an easy method in flow cytometry allowing this discrimination in an only two-color fluorescent plot. It is based on the concomitant use of 7-amino-actinomycin D and the antibodies anti-Ki67 and anti-phospho(Ser10)-histone H3, both conjugated to Alexa Fluor®488 to discriminate G0 and M phases, respectively. The method is particularly valuable in a clinical setting as verified in our laboratory by analyzing human leukemic cells from marrow samples or after exposure to cell cycle modifiers.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry at Close to Single-Atom Concentration Using DC Accelerators (1979)

Experiments have been conducted which show that secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), together with the addition of a rather low voltage (2 MV) DC accelerator, can become an extremely powerful new technique in many fields of research related to the characterization of surface and bulk solids and with high spatial resolution. The technology is available today to build an instrument that would have high lateral resolution (∼ 1 μm) coupled with a secondary ion transmission coefficient from target to detector >10% with no mass interferences from molecular ions. Molecular ions can be fragmented and analyzed separately. We believe that this combination of secondary ion mass spectrometers and accelerators represents a most significant advance in analytical techniques.
Direct Comparison<i>In Vivo</i>and<i>In Vitro</i>of Suppressibility of Parathyroid Function by Calcium in Primary Hyperparathyroidism* (1979)

The effects of increased ambient calcium concentration on parathyroid function in vivo and in vitro were assessed in each of 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Calcium injection and/or infusion were carried out preoperatively and parathyroid suppressibility was tested by the effect of calcium on nephrogenous cAMP (NcAMP). Dispersed parathyroid cells were then prepared after surgical excision of abnormal parathyroid tissue. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) release was determined by RIA after incubation for 2 h at calcium concentrations ranging from 0.3-3.0 mM. Of nine patients with adenoma, iPTH release from dispersed parathyroid cells was inhibited less than 50% in 3 (26-40%); in these patients, NcAMP was suppressed 20% or less. In the remaining six patients, iPTH release in vitro and NcAMP release in vivo were inhibited 62-90% and 34-75%, respectively, by elevated calcium concentrations. In three patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia, iPTH release was inhibited 75-81% and NcAMP release was inhibited 33-50%. Suppressibility of hormone release as a function of ionized calcium concentration generally showed agreement between in vivo and in vitro results for each patient. These results support the validity of these parameters, iPTH release from dispersed parathyroid cells and NcAMP, to assess secretory control in vivo and in vitro from abnormal parathyroid tissue. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab48: 604, 1979)
Comparison of single‐sequence T1w TFE MRI with multisequence MRI for the quantification of lipid‐rich necrotic core in atherosclerotic plaque (2008)

The amount of LRNC using single-sequence T1w TFE MRI is a reproducible, accurate, and fast way to quantify LRNC in carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
Modal and Wave Load Identification by ARMA Calibration (1992)

In this note, modal parameter and wave load identification by calibration of ARMA models are considered for a simple offshore structure. The theory of identification by ARMA calibration is introduced as an identification technique in the time domain, which can be applied for white noise–excited systems. The technique also is generalized to include the case of ambient excitation processes, such as wave excitation, which are a nonwhite process. Due to those results, a simple but effective approach for identification of the load process is proposed. Finally, the technique is illustrated by an experimental example of a monopile model excited by random waves. The identification results show that the approach is able to give very reliable estimates of the modal parameters. Furthermore, a comparison of the identified wave load process and the calculated load process based on the Morison equation shows that important information can be obtained about the wave loading by this approach.
A synthesis method for multicomponent distillation sequences with fewer columns (2011)

Abstract An easy‐to‐use matrix‐based method for the systematic synthesis of distillation configurations using less than n‐1 columns to separate any zeotropic n‐component feed into n product streams is described. The method is easily extended to obtain additional thermally coupled configurations. The only information needed to generate the configurations is the number of components in the feed, or equivalently, the number of distinct composition final product streams. We have successfully enumerated configurations for feeds containing up to eight components. This has resulted in a large number of hitherto unknown configurations even for four‐component separations. Some of the novel configurations generated using the method have substantially lower heat duty than the previously known fewer column configurations for a four‐component feed separation. Therefore, it is essential to include these novel configurations in the search space to find the optimal distillation configuration with fewer columns for a given application. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2479–2494, 2012
Current Approaches, Challenges and Future Directions for Monitoring Treatment Response in Prostate Cancer (2014)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous neoplasm in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. One in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. As a result, monitoring treatment response is of vital importance. The cornerstone of current approaches in monitoring treatment response remains the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, with the limitations of PSA come challenges in our ability to monitor treatment success. Defining PSA response is different depending on the individual treatment rendered potentially making it difficult for those not trained in urologic oncology to understand. Furthermore, standard treatment response criteria do not apply to prostate cancer further complicating the issue of treatment response. Historically, prostate cancer has been difficult to image and no single modality has been consistently relied upon to measure treatment response. However, with newer imaging modalities and advances in our understanding and utilization of specific biomarkers, the future for monitoring treatment response in prostate cancer looks bright.
Rapid Changes in Transcription Profiles of the Plasmodium yoelii yir Multigene Family in Clonal Populations: Lack of Epigenetic Memory? (2009)

The pir multigene family, found in the genomes of Plasmodium vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species, encode variant antigens that could be targets of the immune response. Individual parasites of the rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii, selected by micromanipulation, transcribe only 1 to 3 different pir (yir) suggesting tight transcriptional control at the level of individual cells. Using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR, we show that despite this very restricted transcription in a single cell, many yir genes are transcribed throughout the intra-erythrocytic asexual cycle. The timing and level of transcription differs between genes, with some being more highly transcribed in ring and trophozoite stages, whereas others are more highly transcribed in schizonts. Infection of immunodeficient mice with single infected erythrocytes results in populations of parasites each with transcriptional profiles different from that of the parent parasite population and from each other. This drift away from the original 'set' of transcribed genes does not appear to follow a preset pattern and "epigenetic memory" of the yir transcribed in the parent parasite can be rapidly lost. Thus, regulation of pir gene transcription may be different from that of the well-characterised multigene family, var, of Plasmodium falciparum.
Fault-tolerance for off-the-shelf applications and hardware (2002)

The concept of middleware provides a transparent way to augment and change the characteristics of a service provider as seen from a client. Fault tolerant policies are ideal candidates for middleware implementation. We have defined and implemented operating system based middleware support that provides the power and flexibility needed by diverse fault tolerant policies. This mechanism, called the sentry, has been built into the UNIX 4.3 BSD operating system server running on a Mach 3.0 kernel. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism several policies have been implemented using sentries including checkpointing and journaling. The implementation shows that complex fault tolerant policies can be efficiently and transparently implemented as middleware. Performance overhead of input journaling is less than 5% and application suspension during the checkpoint is typically under 10 seconds in length. A standard hard disk is used to store journal and checkpoint information with dedicated storage requirements of less than 20 MB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quenched hydrogen-deuterium exchange NMR of a disease-relevant Aβ(1-42) amyloid polymorph (2017)

Alzheimer's disease is associated with the aggregation into amyloid fibrils of Aβ(1-42) and Aβ(1-40) peptides. Interestingly, these fibrils often do not obtain one single structure but rather show different morphologies, so-called polymorphs. Here, we compare quenched hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange of a disease-relevant Aβ(1-42) fibril for which the 3D structure has been determined by solid-state NMR with H/D exchange previously determined on another structural polymorph. This comparison reveals secondary structural differences between the two polymorphs suggesting that the two polymorphisms can be classified as segmental polymorphs.
Color image digitization and analysis for drum inspection (1993)

A rust inspection system that uses color analysis to find rust spots on drums has been developed. The system is composed of high-resolution color video equipment that permits the inspection of rust spots on the order of 0.25 cm (0.1-in.) in diameter. Because of the modular nature of the system design, the use of open systems software (X11, etc.), the inspection system can be easily integrated into other environmental restoration and waste management programs. The inspection system represents an excellent platform for the integration of other color inspection and color image processing algorithms.
Structure and reactivity in octahedral complexes. X. Stepwise hydrolysis of the cis-diacetatobis(α,α'-dipyridyl)cobalt(III) ion (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and reactivity in octahedral complexes. X. Stepwise hydrolysis of the cis-diacetatobis(α,α'-dipyridyl)cobalt(III) ionFerruccio Aprile, Fred Basolo, Gabriello Illuminati, and Federico MasperoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 3, 519–522Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50061a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50061a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts