gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-elemental composition and sources of the high Arctic atmospheric aerosol during summer and autumn (1996)

During the International Arctic Ocean Expedition 1991 (IAOE-91), total (i.e., < 10 mu m equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD)) and size-fractionated aerosol samples were collected using single filters, slacked filters and cascade impactors. The samples were analyzed for the particulate mass (PM) and up to about 50 particulate species and elements by gravimetry, instrumental multi-elemental analysis techniques and ion chromatography. The results from parallel samples, taken with the different devices and analyzed by independent techniques, were intercompared. In the samples collected over open waters (ocean subset), the median total ( < 10 mu m EAD) concentrations of non-sea-salt S (nss-S) and Na were 124 and 490 ng/m(3), respectively, but these medians were reduced to 25 and 20 ng/m(3) in the samples collected in the pack ice covered high Arctic (pack ice subset). For the mineral dust elements and anthropogenic metals, however, the levels tended to be higher in the pack ice subset than in the ocean subset. Overall, very low concentrations were observed for PM and the various particulate species in the pack ice subset, but the levels were quite similar to those obtained for background samples from the Ymer-80 expedition. With the exception of elemental carbon, S and I, all species and elements measured, including the typical anthropogenic metals (e.g., Zn, As, and Sb), were predominantly associated with the coarse ( > 2 mu m EAD) size fraction. The highest levels of the anthropogenic metals and of the mineral dust elements were found in air which in general had not been in contact with large continental or anthropogenic source regions during the last 5 or even 10 days prior to its arrival, and in an area of the pack ice which was influenced by continental river run-of from the Siberian coast. It is tentatively suggested that the elevated concentrations of both those metals and the crustal elements were the result of local mechanical windblown generation of coarse aerosols from the river effluent materials which were present on or at the surface of the ice. By relating the observed atmospheric nss-S levels to 3-dimensional air back trajectories, and from intercomparing the nss-S time trend with the trends of various other particulate species, it was concluded that the nss-S was mainly from anthropogenic origin (transported through the free troposphere) near the end of the IAOE-91, but that the marine biogenic sulfur source must have dominated during the first month and a half of the expedition.
Recombinant calpain II: improved expression systems and production of a C105A active-site mutant for crystallography (1995)

The bacterial production of recombinant rat calpain II has been improved greatly by the use of two compatible plasmids for the two subunits. The calpain small subunit C-terminal fragment (21 kDa) was expressed from a new A15-based vector created by cloning T7 control elements into pACYC177. This vector is compatible with the ColE1-based pET-24d(+) vector containing the calpain large subunit, and the yield of calpain activity was increased at least 16-fold by co-expression from these two vectors. A high level of activity was also obtained from a bicistronic construct containing both subunit cDNAs under the control of one T7 promoter. The addition of a C-terminal His-tag to the large subunit simplified purification without affecting subunit association or enzyme activity. The active-site cysteine 105 was mutated to alanine, causing complete loss of activity. The yield of purified C105A-calpain II (80 + 21 kDa) dimer following three column chromatography steps was 10 mg/l of cell culture. This provides a purified calpain, stable to autolysis and oxidation, which is likely to facilitate crystallization in both the presence and absence of calcium.
The Highly Conserved TldD and TldE Proteins of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Are Involved in Microcin B17 Processing and in CcdA Degradation (2002)

Microcin B17 (MccB17) is a peptide antibiotic produced by Escherichia coli strains carrying the pMccB17 plasmid. MccB17 is synthesized as a precursor containing an amino-terminal leader peptide that is cleaved during maturation. Maturation requires the product of the chromosomal tldE (pmbA) gene. Mature microcin is exported across the cytoplasmic membrane by a dedicated ABC transporter. In sensitive cells, MccB17 targets the essential topoisomerase II DNA gyrase. Independently, tldE as well as tldD mutants were isolated as being resistant to CcdB, another natural poison of gyrase encoded by the ccd poison-antidote system of plasmid F. This led to the idea that TldD and TldE could regulate gyrase function. We present in vivo evidence supporting the hypothesis that TldD and TldE have proteolytic activity. We show that in bacterial mutants devoid of either TldD or TldE activity, the MccB17 precursor accumulates and is not exported. Similarly, in the ccd system, we found that TldD and TldE are involved in CcdA and CcdA41 antidote degradation rather than being involved in the CcdB resistance mechanism. Interestingly, sequence database comparisons revealed that these two proteins have homologues in eubacteria and archaebacteria, suggesting a broader physiological role.
The resumption of consumption: a review on tuberculosis (2006)

Among all infectious diseases that afflict humans, tuberculosis (TB) remains the deadliest. At present, epidemiologists estimate that one-third of the world population is infected with tubercle bacilli, which is responsible for 8 to 10 million new cases of TB and 3 million deaths annually throughout the world. Approximately 95% of new cases and 98% of deaths occur in developing nations, generally due to the few resources available to ensure proper treatment and where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are common. In 1882, Dr Robert Koch identified an acid-fast bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as the causative agent of TB. Thirty-nine years later, BCG vaccine was introduced for human use, and became the most widely used prophylactic strategy to fight TB in the world. The discovery of the properties of first-line antimycobacterial drugs in the past century yielded effective chemotherapies, which considerably decreased TB mortality rates worldwide. The later introduction of some additional drugs to the arsenal used to treat TB seemed to provide an adequate number of effective antimicrobial agents. The modern, standard short-course therapy for TB recommended by the World Health Organization is based on a four-drug regimen that must be strictly followed to prevent drug resistance acquisition, and relies on direct observation of patient compliance to ensure effective treatment. Mycobacteria show a high degree of intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents due to the low permeability of its cell wall. Nevertheless, the cell wall barrier alone cannot produce significant levels of drug resistance. M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to any single drug are naturally present in any large bacterial population, irrespective of exposure to drugs. The frequency of mutants resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, the two principal antimycobacterial drugs currently in use, is relatively high and, therefore, the large extra-cellular population of actively metabolizing and rapidly growing tubercle bacilli in cavitary lesions will contain organisms which are resistant to a single drug. Consequently, monotherapy or improperly administered two-drug therapies will select for drug-resistant mutants that may lead to drug resistance in the entire bacterial population. Thereby, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy and the moderately protective vaccine, new anti-TB agents are urgently needed to decrease the global incidence of TB. The resumption of TB, mainly caused by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains and HIV epidemics, led to an increased need to understand the molecular mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance, which should provide significant insight into the development of newer compounds. The latter should be effective to combat both drug-susceptible and MDR/XDR-TB.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Study of Nitrogen Adsorption and Dissociation on Iron and Rhenium Single Crystals. (1987)

Abstract Two different mechanisms are proposed for the N 2 dissociation at Fe and Re single crystals based on the results of extended Hückel calculations.
Thiophene sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors by titration calorimetry and thermal shift assay (2012)

Theree are 16 α-carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes presently discovered in human body. They are differently expressed in various tissues and their participation in pathogenic processes differs despite largely identical fold of the protein beta-barrel core and the arrangement of the active site geometry. It is desired to design and synthesize CA inhibitors that would bear significant affinity and specificity towards a particular isozyme – drug target. For example, CAs IX and XII are implicated in cancer progression. here we designed thiophene sulfonamide series and tested their affinities towards several recombinant CA isozymes and determined their specificities and selectivities towards selected isozymes. Thiophene sulfonamides were designed and synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis. Binding measurements were performed at the Laboratory of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Lithuania. Direct observation of the binding reaction using biophysical techniques was done by isothermal titration calorimetry and thermal shift assay. These assays yield full thermodynamic characterization of the binding reaction, including the Gibbs free energy (affinity), enthalpy, entropy, and the heat capacity of the interaction. However, the method requires dissection of contributions from various linked reactions. [...].
Intractable Cancers: The Many Faces of Multidrug Resistance and the Many Targets it Presents for Therapeutic Attack (2004)

Some types of cancer respond far less favorably to treatment than do others. A quantitative estimate of this intuition can be obtained from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results) Cancer Statistics Review. Of particular interest, from a drug resistance perspective, are the five-year survival data for patients presenting with tumors that were diagnosed as "distant". A good correlation can be found between those numbers and an estimate of treatment successes obtained from a survey of current literature on chemotherapy applied to cancers originating from these various tissues. These two measures, considered together, define "the axis of intractability", a parameter that characterizes the (possibly) inherent, physiological basis of the tissue-by-tissue intractability of cancers. Exploring the basis of this intractability, it appears that factors other than the classical ABC transporter-based, multidrug resistance systems probably play a major role. An ineffective DNA repair system, coupled to reduced apoptosis, is the basis for the inherent tractability of testicular cancer. For other tissues, important contributions to resistance arise from cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance, which is overcome when cells are released from tissues during anoikis. Making a direct comparison between gene expression in solid tumors and their corresponding cell lines, genes controlling the extracellular matrix and cell-cell communication appear among the genes that are over-expressed in the solid tumors, while genes coding for the protein biosynthesis system are over-expressed in the cell lines. The more tractable cancers are closer to the cell lines in their expression profiles of these sets of genes.
Pesan Dakwah Dalam Novel Syekh Maulana IshaqKarya Wawan Susetya (2015)

Abdul Basit, 2015, Pesan Dakwah Dalam Novel Syekh Maulana Ishaq
Karya Wawan Susetya, Skripsi, Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, Fakultas Dakwah.
Pembimbing: (I) Raden Yani Gusriani, SE. MM. Pembimbing: (II) Drs. Ahmad
Rijali, M.Pd.
Syekh Maulana Ishaq ke Blambangan Banyuwangi di awal abad 14 M.
Kerajaan Blambangan diperintah oleh Prabu Minak Sembuyu, salah seorang
keturunan Prabu Hayam Wuruk dari Kerajaan Majapahit. Raja dan rakyatnya
memeluk agama Hindu dan ada sebagian yang memeluk agama Budha. Kerajaan
Blambangan terdapat didaerah Banyuwangi Selatan, dekat dengan daerah Muncar.
Syekh Maulana Ishaq yang protagonis harus berhadapan dengan Patih Bajul
Sengara yang antagonis ditambah peran Prabu Minak Sembuyu, Raja Blambangan
yang pribadinya mengesankan abu-abu. Dan ini adalah sebuah novel efik tentang
drama dakwah yang kaya kearifan dan kebajikan.
Dari uraian diatas yang menjadi pertanyaan adalah apa isi pesan dakwah
dalam novel Syekh Mulana Ishaq dan apa pesan dakwah yang paling banyak?
Untuk menjawab pertayaan diatas maka dalam skripsi ini di pakai sebuah
metodologi yang disebut metode analisis isi (Content Analysis). Menurut hostly
analisis isi adalah teknik untuk menarik kesimpulan melalui usaha menemukan
karakteristrik pesan, digunakan secara objektif dan sistematis. Pada skripsi ini
karakteristik isi pesan dakwah dan pesan yang paling banyak. Dalam perhitungan
data menggunakan lembar koding yang diisi juri berjumlah tiga orang yang telah
ditetapkan sebelumnya.
Dalam novel Syekh Maulana Ishaq terdapat pesan-pesan dakwah seperti
aqidah, syariah dan akhlak. Seperti dilakukan perhitungan data menggunakan
lembar koding yang telah diisi oleh ketiga juri maka dapat diambil sebuah
kesimpulan bahwa pesan dakwah yang paling banyak dalam novel Syekh
Maulana Ishaq adalah pesan akhlak dengan persentasi sebesar 51,43%, pesan
syariah sebanyak 27,14% dan pesan aqidah yaitu sebanyak 21,43 % .
Association and interaction between dietary pattern and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) gene polymorphisms on blood lipids in Chinese Malaysian and Japanese adults. (2012)

The association and interaction of dietary patterns and VEGFR2 gene polymorphisms on blood lipids differ between Chinese Malaysian and Japanese subjects by either decreasing or increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Compositional dependence of H20 solubility along the joins NaAISi30s-KAISi30s, NaAISi30s-LiAISi30s, and KAISi30s-LiAISi30s (1996)

The composition-dependence of the solubility of H20 in silicate melts along the binary joins NaAlSi30g-KAlSi30g, NaAlSi30g-LiAlSi30g, and KAlSi30g-LiAlSi30g has been determined at 2 kbar and 1040 0c. The study involved 1 atm dry oxide fusion, hydrothermal saturation, isobaric rapid quench and macroscopic analysis for H20 using Karl Fischer titration (KFT) and microscopic investigation of homogeneity using infrared absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The solubility of H20 in these melts increases in the order KAlSi30g (5.12 wt%) < NaAlSi30g (6.03 wt%) < LiAlSi30g (7.32 wt%). The total relative weight percent variation in solubility is 43%, which corresponds to a relative mole percent variation of 23%. Along the joins, small but systematic deviations from additivity are observed at the lu uncertainty level. These deviations are positive on the NaAlSi30g-KAlSi30g join but negative on the LiAlSi30g-bearing joins. The present results confirm the early suggestion of Voigt et al. (1981) that solubility variation along the NaAlSi30g-KAlSi30g join is nonlinear and disagree in detail with the equimolal approximation of Burnham (1975, 1981) and Burnham and Davis (1974). Models of H20 solubility must take into account not only the nonequimolal solubility of H20 in feldspathic melts but also nonlinear binary variations as well. We interpret the relative solubilities of the end-member compositions in terms of the relative stability of the tecto silicate melt structure and the nonlinearities along the joins in terms of the next-nearest neighbor distributions of Al and Si in these melts.
<title>Polymer optical interconnection technology: toward WDM applications</title> (1996)

We have developed organic polymeric materials that can be readily made into both multimode and single-mode optical waveguide structures of controlled numerical aperture and geometry, making them excellent candidates for WDM applications. Waveguides are formed lithographically, with the liquid monomer mixture polymerizing upon illumination in the UV via either mask exposure or laser writing. Our waveguides are low loss (0.03 dB/cm at 840 nm multimode) as well as temperature resistant (up to 10 years at 120 degree(s)C), enabling use in a variety of applications. Single-mode structures such as directional couplers have been made via laser writing. We further discuss the fundamental optical properties of these polymers and as they relate to WDM applications. As an example, we discuss an inorganic multimode WDM sensor that has been developed for aerospace applications and its integration with multimode polymer waveguides.
Comparison of the Values of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Determined by an Immunoassay in the Sera of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Enhanced Osteogenesis and the Effects of the Same Sera on the Fibroblast Growth <i>In Vitro</i> (1995)

In patients with severe traumatic brain injury, the early healing of fractures is accompanied by hypertrophic callus formation or heterotopic ossifications, which might even result in ankylosis of the affected joints. Analysis of the sera of patients with traumatic brain injury revealed post-traumatic dynamic changes of basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity, similar to those observed during fracture healing associated with enhanced osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether such changes in basic fibroblast growth factor concentrations could be related to the phenomenon of enhanced osteogenesis. Basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity was determined (using an IEMA kit) in the sera of patients with traumatic brain injury and bone fractures (n = 8) and in the sera of patients with either traumatic brain injury alone (n = 10) or bone fractures alone (n = 7), and the effects of these sera on L929 fibroblast growth were analysed in vitro. The results did not prove a causative relationship between the changes of basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity and in vitro growth promoting effects of the sera. However, it is apparent that, in addition to changes in the growth-promoting activity and basic fibroblast growth factor concentration of serum, other as yet unknown post-traumatic changes can cause enhanced osteogenesis.
High throughput optofluidic Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) interrogation: proof of concept via lectin detection of cancerous cells (2015)

High throughput surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a much needed advance to better realize the full potential of the detailed fingerprint information available with Raman spectroscopy. At present SERS, as an analytical technique, is often plagued by a lack of quantification and reproducibility due to the length of time required for individual sample analysis. In this effort we discuss the development of an optofluidic device that combines the high throughput capability of microfluidics with SERS detection. A two-phase microfluidic based platform with droplet storage allows for the rapid screening of over one hundred individual prostate cells. Specifically, the N-acetyl neuraminic (sialic) acid residue overexpressed on cancerous prostate cells (PC3), compared to non-cancerous cells (PNT2), is targeted with carbohydrate (lectin) functionalized nanoparticles. In-house algorithms were developed to automatically process SERS maps and rapidly distinguish cancerous PC3 cells from both non-cancerous PNT2A cells and empty droplets. Furthermore, the computer vision methods employed are scalable. Herein, we demonstrate the novel use of labeled nanoparticles for SERS detection in a high throughput segmented flow optofluidic device.
A Case of Aneurism of the Femoral Artery Treated by Long Continued Compression of the Common Iliac (1869)

THE man, a carpenter, forty-one years old, was admitted into Guy's Hospital under my care on the 5th of February, 1869.He had wandered about the provinces in pursuit of work, his recognised abode being Vauxhall.He had been a hard-working man, although much addicted to intemper- ance and other irregularities at intervals, as circumstances enabled him to indulge in excesses; he had once shown signs of delirium potatorum.He was of middle stature, with a well-formed thorax, but his muscles were not firm, and his facial aspect indicated the wear and tear of many more years than he had actually passed through.The
Some Impacts of Solar Irradiance Variation on Terrestrial Climate (2001)

As chairman of the Special Session addressing the above topic, a brief overview of the problem will be offered, after which 20-minute talks will be given on the determination of solar irradiance variations from space observations (Dr. Judit Pap) and from groundbased measurements of solar magnetic fields (Dr. Harrison Jones). The chairman will then introduce four panel members representing different areas of expertise bearing on the topic. Each panel member will offer a brief 5-minute summary of his views. Panel members are: Chick Keller, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Drew Shindell, Goddard Institute for Space Science, Columbia University; Michael Schlesinger, University of Illinois; Sabatino Sofia, Yale University. General Circulation Models of the terrestrial atmosphere, the possible impact on this atmosphere of large percentage changes in the solar EUV over a solar cycle, and the role of strong magnetic field in the solar convection zone on irradiance variation will all be considered in brief summaries. The chairman will conclude the session by facilitating a discussion between the audience, the main speakers, and the panel members.
Die CAD/CAM-gefertigte Totalprothese mit dem «Digital Denture Professional System» (2016)

The article describes the medical and dental procedures for four treatment sessions with the Digital Denture Professional (DDP) system. First, conventional preliminary dental impressions of the full arch are taken to achieve accurate jaw positioning records. The study models and patient data are digitalised using a laboratory scanner. The dental lab technician then constructs and mills custom impression trays and a mount as an intraoral instrument. A closed-mouth impression is then taken to record vertical dimensions and central relation position. After this is digitalised in the laboratory, DDP add-on software is used to virtually design the full dental implants and mill monolithic test implants. These can be tested for aesthetics, function and phonetics in the third session. The testing phase can also be skipped on request. In the last session, the final dental implants are fitted for the patient. The patients individual data are precisely recorded and digitally processed, which ensures the results are always as planned. The patient benefits from the spared time and costs. The range of care will be expanded in future to include reconstructions using implants. The digitalisation of the technique would be ideal for the planning and provision of digital implant prosthetics.