gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Gasoline Injection Experiments: Comparison of Measurements in Quiescent Air and in a Model Intake Port (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">PDA-measurements of gasoline injection in a flow chamber and a simplified manifold-intake port configuration under constant air velocity have been performed. An acrylic glass model of an intake port without valves was mounted to a production manifold, equipped with a commercial plate-type gasoline injector. The PDA was set up in a 30° forward scatter arrangement to obtain dominant first order refracted light from the test gasoline droplets. The PDA-measurements could be synchronized with the injection cycle, thus achieving a simulated crank angle resolution in the engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurements were made 70 mm downstream of the injection nozzle in both the chamber and the intake port experiments. Due to the geometry of the intake port and the near forward scatter set-up of the PDA, the probe volume could be traversed through the center of the port to obtain radial profiles of mean droplet sizes and velocities. For the profile measurements 5000 samples were taken at each point. Furthermore, additional angular resolved measurements taking 50000 droplet events have been performed at specific locations of interest.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The measurement in the flow chamber yielded typical results for a non-swirl pressure atomizer. The maximum Sauter mean diameters around 175 μ<i>m</i> were observed on the centerline of the spray. The maximum velocities at an axial distance of 70 mm were approximately 17 m/s. A strong positive size/velocity correlation existed due to the deceleration of small droplets.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results of the mean quantities in the intake port exhibit a typical cross-flow situation with large mean diameters near the axis of propagation of the spray cone and smaller droplets following the air flow. Hence, bimodal size distributions could be obtained at some locations of the intake port, resulting from a superposition of a primary size distribution directly from the injector and a secondary distribution of small droplets that have been transported by the air flow.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Typically, the first droplets reach the measurement location approximately 20° after injection followed by a sharp increase of the droplet event rate. After 45° cam shaft angle, the event rate drops to near zero. The corresponding curves of the mean diameter <i>D</i><sub>10</sub> and the mean velocity indicate maximum mean diameters and velocities within the first droplets, which could be the result of a production of large droplets at injection start. In addition, these droplets are less decelerated due to their higher momentum. Later, only a few small droplets could be obtained with almost constant mean velocity near the air velocity. At 16 m/s air velocity, 99 % of the droplet mass appeared within the first 80° cam shaft angle.</div>
Covering radius---Survey and recent results (1985)

All known results on covering radius are presented, as well as some new results. There are a number of upper and lower bounds, including asymptotic results, a few exact determinations of covering radius, some extensive relations with other aspects of coding theory through the Reed-Muller codes, and new results on the least covering radius of any linear <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[n,k]</tex> code. There is also a recent result on the complexity of computing the covering radius.
Telomere Length as a Marker of Cellular Aging Is Associated With Prevalence and Progression of Metabolic Syndrome (2015)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of major risk factors known to be associated with the development of aging-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Telomere length (TL) is often used as a cellular marker for biological age. Shorter TL indicates increased biological age. It is unknown whether maintenance of a short TL could be predictive for onset of metabolic diseases associated with increasing biological age. A number of studies found significant associations between shorter TL and dysregulated MetS components, but other studies did not confirm this finding. This cohort study investigated the relationship between shorter baseline TL and a worse metabolic profile with less favorable trajectories of MetS components over a 6-year follow-up. Participants included 2842 men and women aged 18 to 65 years who were part of The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, an ongoing prospective cohort study with 6-year follow-up. Telomere length from leukocytes was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Metabolic syndrome components (waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], cholesterol, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were determined at baseline and after 2 and 6 years. Adjustments were made at baseline and 2- and 6-year follow-up for covariates (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors) that could affect cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Shorter TL was cross-sectionally associated with a higher number of MetS abnormalities (β = 0.075, SE = 0.023, P = 0.001), higher waist circumference (β = 0.647, SE = 0.238, P = 0.007), triglycerides (β = .038, SE = 0.009, P < 0.001), and fasting glucose (β = 0.011, SE = 0.003, P < 0.001), and with lower HDL cholesterol (β = − 0.016, SE = 0.008, P = 0.05). No consistent patterns of association between TL and hypertension were found. Baseline differences progressively diminished over time; however, shorter baseline TL was still significantly associated with a worse level for most MetS components at both the 2- or 6-year follow-up. These findings show that cellular aging, as assessed by TL, is associated with a higher number of MetS abnormalities (representing a more severe metabolic risk profile) that persists even after a period of 6 years. The data suggest that a shorter TL could be predictive for the onset of various aging-related somatic diseases through its effect on metabolic alterations.
Channel estimation for adaptive frequency-domain equalization (2005)

Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is an effective technique for high-rate wireless communications because of its reduced complexity compared to conventional time-domain equalization (TDE). In this paper, we consider adaptive FDE for single-carrier (SC) systems with explicit channel and noise-power estimation. The channel response is estimated in the frequency domain following two different approaches. The first operates independently on each frequency bin while the second exploits the fading correlation across the signal bandwidth. Least-mean-square (LMS) and recursive-least-square (RLS) algorithms are employed to update the channel estimates. The noise power is estimated using a low-complexity algorithm based on ad hoc reasoning. Compared to other existing receivers employing adaptive FDE, the proposed schemes have better error-rate performance and can be used even in the presence of relatively fast fading.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Some Edible Mushrooms (1996)

Seven locally available edible mushrooms were screened for their hepatoprotective activities using paracetamol (APAP)-induced liver injury in the rat as a model of chemical hepatitis. A single oral dose of 1.0 g/kg of APAP was able to produce significantly elevated levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Administraiton of 300 mg/kg of the extracts from Lentinus erodes, Grifola frondosa and Tricholoma lobayense could significantly reduce the APAP-induced acute elevation in the levels of SGPT and SGOT in rats. The mushroom crude drugs probably act to prevent the fall of hepatic reduced gluthanione (GSH) through some GSH-dependent enzymes and preserve the structural integrity of the cellular membrane of hepatocytes, or probably protect against paracetamol-induced liver injury through their antioxidant properties acting as a scavenger of free radicals even at low levels of GSH
Evaluation of a Vaccine Formulation against Streptococcus pneumoniae Based on Choline-Binding Proteins (2014)

Streptococcus pneumoniae has proteins that are attached to its surface by binding to phosphorylcholine of teichoic and lipoteichoic acids. These proteins are known as choline-binding proteins (CBPs). CBPs are an interesting alternative for the development of a cost-effective vaccine, and PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) is believed to be the most important protective component among the different CBPs. We sought to use CBPs eluted from pneumococci as an experimental vaccine. Since PspA shows variability between isolates, we constructed strains producing different PspAs. We used the nonencapsulated Rx1 strain, which produces PspA from clade 2 (PspA2), to generate a pspA-knockout strain (Rx1 ΔpspA) and strains expressing PspA from clade 1 (Rx1 pspA1) and clade 4 (Rx1 pspA4). We grew Rx1, Rx1 ΔpspA, Rx1 pspA1, and Rx1 pspA4 in Todd-Hewitt medium containing 0.5% yeast extract and washed cells in 2% choline chloride (CC). SDS-PAGE analysis of the proteins recovered by a CC wash showed few bands, and the CBPs PspA and PspC (pneumococcal surface protein C) were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with these full-length native proteins without adjuvant led to significantly higher rates of survival than immunization with diluent after an intranasal lethal challenge with two pneumococcal strains and also after a colonization challenge with one strain. Importantly, immunization with recombinant PspA4 (rPspA4) without adjuvant did not elicit significant protection.
A Functional MRI Study of Subjects Recovered From Hemiparetic Stroke (1997)

Recovered finger-tapping by stroke subjects activated the same motor regions as controls but to a larger extent, particularly in the unaffected hemisphere. Increased reliance on these motor areas may represent an important component of motor recovery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of subjects who recovered from stroke provide evidence for several processes that may be related to restoration of neurologic function.
The<i>rtxA</i>Toxin Gene of Kingella kingae: a Pertinent Target for Molecular Diagnosis of Osteoarticular Infections (2011)

Kingella kingae is an emerging osteoarticular pathogen in young children. Its isolation by traditional culture methods remains difficult, underscoring the need to implement other diagnostic methods for its detection and identification, such as nucleic acid amplification tests. Although the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, a toxin named RTX has been identified. The goal of this study was to develop sensitive, specific, and rapid molecular methods based on the rtxA toxin gene sequence to diagnose this infection. Two real-time PCR assays (SYBR green and TaqMan chemistries) targeting this gene are reported. Sensitivity and specificity were first evaluated successfully with 67 strains: 31 Kingella kingae isolates and 36 strains from other bacterial species. Then, 52 clinical specimens positive or negative by culture and/or PCR (16S rRNA and cpn60 genes) were tested with these assays. A nested PCR assay with subsequent sequencing was also developed to confirm the presence of Kingella kingae isolates in these clinical specimens. The results obtained demonstrate that these assays are accurate for the diagnosis of Kingella kingae infection.
Sunpower's CPT60 Pulse Tube Cryocooler (2007)

Sunpower, Inc. in collaboration with Gedeon Associates has developed a new model of single stage, coaxial pulse tube cryocooler, the CPT60, through funding from Smach (SMArt teCHnologies) Co., Ltd. of
Exocyst, exosomes, and autophagy in the regulation of Brassicaceae pollen-stigma interactions (2017)

Brassicaceae pollen-stigma interactions have been extensively studied in Brassica and Arabidopsis species to identify cellular events triggered in the stigmatic papillae by pollen contact. Compatible pollinations are linked to the activation of basal cellular responses in the stigmatic papillae, which include calcium gradients, actin networks, and polarized secretion. The occurrence of these cellular events in stigmatic papillae coincides with the stages of pollen hydration and pollen tube entry into the stigmatic papillar cell wall. However, the form of the vesicle trafficking appears to differ between species, with vesicle-like structures detected in Arabidopsis species while exosomes were found to be secreted in Brassica species. Around the same timeframe, self-incompatible pollen recognition leads altered cellular responses in the stigmatic papillae to interfere with basal compatible pollen responses and disrupt regulated secretion, causing self-pollen rejection. Here, the literature on the changing cellular dynamics in the stigmatic papillae following pollination is reviewed and discussed in the context of other well-characterized examples of polarized secretion in plants.
Extended X-Ray-Absorbtion Fine-Structure Beats: A New Method to Determine Differences in Bond Lengths (1977)

The superposition of two scattering shells produces beats in the envelope function of the extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectrum and a modulation in the scattering phases. From the $k$ values of the extrema in the envelope function and from the inflection points of the phases the separation of these shells can be calculated without knowledge of the scattering phases of the single shells. A resolution in $R$ space up to 0.02 \AA{} can be obtained even in cases where methods used so far are not able to resolve the scattering shells.
Le siècle de Justinien d'après les ouvrages de H. Leppin, P. Maraval et G. Tate (2018)

Three recent biographies concern all aspects of Justinian's reign and may also be compared. Their authors have various research specialties, which allow a diversification of the points of view. This study follows the order of P. Maraval's book (2016), the most recent in French, while regularly appealing to those of G. Tate (2004, in French) and of H. Leppin (2011, in German). G. Tate's book is almost precious for the social structures, in particular the functioning of the administration and the army, as well as the demographical and economical evolutions. H. Leppin's work is noticeable by the analysis of numerous texts, almost to demonstrate the growing importance of Christianity to legitimate the powers. Finally, P. Maraval's book shows a great precision in examining theological and more broadly cultural questions.
5-Aryloxybenzisoxazole Esters (1995)

A series of benzisoxazole glycolate and acetate ester diphenyl ethers were prepared. The preparation of intermediate 5-hydroxybenzisox- azoleacetic acid from 4,6-dihydroxycoumarin was improved by reaction in the presence of excess hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The resultant diphenyl ether herbicides were potent total vegetation control pre- and postemergence herbicides.
Investigation of applications for high-power, self-critical fissioning uranium plasma reactors (1976)

Analytical studies were conducted to investigate potentially attractive applications for gaseous nuclear cavity reactors fueled by uranium hexafluoride and its decomposition products at temperatures of 2000 to 6000 K and total pressures of a few hundred atmospheres. Approximate operating conditions and performance levels for a class of nuclear reactors in which fission energy removal is accomplished principally by radiant heat transfer from the high temperature gaseous nuclear fuel to surrounding absorbing media were determined. The results show the radiant energy deposited in the absorbing media may be efficiently utilized in energy conversion system applications which include (1) a primary energy source for high thrust, high specific impulse space propulsion, (2) an energy source for highly efficient generation of electricity, and (3) a source of high intensity photon flux for heating working fluid gases for hydrogen production or MHD power extraction.
The gallium complex KP46 exerts strong activity against primary explanted melanoma cells and induces apoptosis in melanoma cell lines (2009)

The antineoplastic properties of gallium are well documented. Owing to their robust accumulation of gallium, melanoma cells should be amenable to gallium-based anticancer drugs. With the aim of improving the disappointingly low activity of inorganic gallium salts, we have developed the orally bioavailable gallium complex KP46 [tris(8-quinolinolato)gallium(III)] that had already been successfully studied in a phase I clinical trial. To assess its therapeutic potential in malignant melanoma, its antiproliferative effects were investigated in series of human cell lines and primary explanted melanoma samples by means of the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and the Human Tumor Cloning Assay, respectively. When compared with other cell lines, the majority of melanoma cells rank among the KP46-sensitive cell lines (50% inhibitory concentration values: 0.8-3.7 micromol/l). Clinically achievable concentrations of KP46 proved to be highly effective in melanoma cells from primary explants of cutaneous and lymph node metastases. Colony growth was inhibited in 10 of 10 specimens by 5 micromol/l KP46 (corresponding to the steady-state plasma concentration measured earlier in a study patient) and in four of 10 specimens by 0.5 micromol/l KP46. In-vitro potency of KP46 is higher than that of dacarbazine or fotemustine and comparable with that of cisplatin. The effects induced by KP46 in melanoma cell lines involve cell-cycle perturbations (S-phase arrest) and apoptosis (activation of caspase-9, PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] cleavage, formation of apoptotic bodies). No effects on DNA secondary structure could be observed in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay using double-stranded plasmid DNA. Thus, further studies on the therapeutic applicability of KP46 in malignant melanoma are warranted.
On the Advantages of Serial Architectures for Low-Power Reliable Computations (2006)

This paper explores low power reliable micro-architectures for addition. Power, speed, and reliability (both defect- and fault-tolerance) are important metrics of system design, spanning device, gate, block, and architectural levels. The analysis considers the low power needs of future systems at supply voltages comparable to threshold voltages (V/sub th/). Theoretical analysis and simulations show a decline of the speed advantages of parallel adders when considering wire delays. These evaluations suggest that serial adders might do better for (ultra) low power operation, with redundancy for enhancing reliability. We analyze 32-bit multiplexed serial adders. The robustness when using output-wired mirrored adder (majority) gates is shown under faulty conditions. Simulations (at 180nm, 120 nm, and 70nm) identify the supply voltages where the power-delay and energy-delay products are minimized. These show that redundant serial adders are not only low power and reliable, but can trade speed for power in a wide range (by varying V/sub DD/ both above and below V/sub th/).
Expanding Tara Oceans Protocols for Underway, Ecosystemic Sampling of the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface During Tara Pacific Expedition (2016–2018) (2019)

Interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere occur at the air-sea interface through the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particulate matter and through the impact of the upper-ocean biology on the composition and radiative properties of this boundary layer. The Tara Pacific expedition, launched in May 2016 aboard the schooner Tara, was a 29-month exploration with the dual goals to study the ecology of coral systems along ecological gradients in the Pacific Ocean and to assess inter-island and open ocean surface plankton and neuston community structures. In addition, key atmospheric properties were measured to study links between the two boundary layer properties. A major challenge for the open ocean sampling was the lack of ship-time available for work at “stations”. This required development of underway sampling approaches to optimize physical, chemical, optical and genomic methods to capture the entire community structure of the surface layers, from viruses 81 through metazoans in their oceanographic and atmospheric physicochemical context. An international scientific consortium was put together to analyze the samples, generate data, and develop datasets in coherence with the existing Tara Oceans database. Beyond adapting the extensive Tara Oceans sampling protocols for high-resolution underway sampling, the key novelties compared to Tara Oceans’ global assessment of plankton include the measurement of (i) surface plankton and neuston biogeography and functional diversity; (ii) bioactive trace metals distribution at the ocean surface and metal-dependent ecosystem structures; (iii) marine aerosols, including biological entities, (iv) geography, nature and colonization of microplastic, and (iv) high-resolution underway assessment of net community production via equilibrator inlet mass spectrometry. We are committed to sharing the data collected during this expedition, making it an important resource to address a variety of scientific questions.nnkton-taxonomy/assemblage/genomics
Temperature and Applied Voltage Dependence of Magnetoresistance Ratio in Fe/Al oxide/Fe Junctions (1998)

The tunnel magnetoresistance(TMR) ratio have been investigated in the Fe/Al oxide/Fe junctions, specifically the temperature and applied voltage dependence of the TMR ratio. It was found that the dependence of resistance at saturation magnetization state( R s ) on the applied voltage at 4.2 K is completely anomalous in terms of the expected tunneling behavior. This “zero-bias anomaly" is due to the magnetic impurity in or near the boundary between ferromagnetic electrodes and insulator. The TMR ratio decreased rapidly with increasing temperature. The TMR ratio also decreased when increasing the applied voltage. We discussed the dependence of the TMR ratio on temperature and applied voltage taking into account the impurity assisted tunneling.
Effect of population bottlenecking in Pr fiber amplifiers with low-phonon hosts (1999)

The measured spectroscopic properties of Pr/sup 3+/-doped into sulfide and fluoride hosts are used to model the gain efficiency of a 1300-nm Pr-doped fiber amplifier. It is found that excited-state absorption from the long-lived /sup 3/H/sub 5/ level in Pr/sup 3+/-doped sulfide glass causes a significant degradation in performance, especially at wavelengths shorter than 1320 nm, Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride glass does not suffer significantly from this effect, although the maximum gain is smaller in the fluoride glass.
Pilot-assisted short-packet transmission over multiantenna fading channels: A 5G case study (2018)

Leveraging recent results in finite-blocklength information theory, we investigate the problem of designing a control channel in a 5G system. The setup involves the transmission, under stringent latency and reliability constraints, of a short data packet containing a small information payload, over a propagation channel that offers limited frequency diversity and no time diversity. We present an achievability bound, built upon the random-coding union bound with parameter s (Martinez & Guillen i Fabregas, 2011), which relies on quadrature phase-shift keying modulation, pilot-assisted transmission to estimate the fading channel, and scaled nearest-neighbor decoding at the receiver. Using our achievability bound, we determine how many pilot symbols should be transmitted to optimally trade between channel-estimation errors and rate loss due to pilot overhead. Our analysis also reveals the importance of using multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or the receiver to provide the spatial diversity needed to meet the stringent reliability constraint.