gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uses and Benefits of <scp>MEMS</scp> (2005)

Abstract MEMS technology dates back to the discovery of the piezoresistive effect in silicon at Bell Labs in early 1950s, as a by‐product of the semiconductor research. Though this technology evolved slower than the general semiconductor industry, as of 2004, several of its applications have created the expected multibillion‐dollar market. The forecast for the next decade points to many other applications based on MEMS technology that will grow by billions of dollars. This article characterizes key applications of MEMS devices in measurement and instrumentation applications.
Quantum information processing with frequency-bin qubits: progress, status, and challenges (2019)

Frequency-bin encoding has emerged as a promising approach for fiber- and chip-compatible quantum information processing. We overview the basic theory and experiments, as well as offer perspectives on opportunities for continued advances.
Inhibition of Plasmin by Antithrombin‐Heparin Complex (1978)

The role of antithrombin as an inhibitor of plasmin in the presence and absence of heparin was studied during thrombolytic therapy in 12 patients with vascular occlusive disease. The extent of plasmin-antithrombin-(heparin) complex formation was studied by intravenous injection of iodine-labelled antithrombin (5-20 muCi) and quantitation of the amount of antithrombin bound to plasmin. In the absence of heparin, less than 0.8% of the labelled antithrombin was recovered in the plasmin-antithrombin complex but between 1.2 and 4.8% following injection of 5000 iu of heparin. Thus only between 3 and 11% of the in vivo formed plasmin is neutralized by antithrombin-heparin complex. Repeated activation of the fibrinolytic system resulted in a shortening of the plasma radioactivity half-life of labelled antithrombin from 2.45 to 2.03 d in the absence of heparin (three patients), and from 3.13 to 2.35 d following heparin administration (two patients). This increased turnover does not result in a decrease of the plasma antithrombin level.
CryptoCloak - improvement proposal implementation (2014)

In post-Snowden era (after June 2013 and his first revelation) many effort was invested into applications development providing privacy protection in Internet communication area. Secure chat applications, systems for anonymous browsing, steganography applications and similar products became world-wide needed and used in everyday life. CryptoCloak is a secure chat application developed using Java programming language. In this paper, CryptoCloak is presented and its improvement in the context of reducing time overhead is explained.
Ka-band dipole holographic antennas (2001)

Dipole holographic antennas are investigated as an alternative technology to reflectors and microstrip phased arrays for use in Ka-band applications. These antennas combine the advantages of low-profile printed technology with an unconstrained feed to avoid the excessive losses associated with conventional phased array feeds. Various single-layer and two-layer designs are described. Measurements show that the efficiency of the holographic antennas is comparable with that of Ka-band passive phased arrays with conventional microstrip feeds. However, holographic antennas are less complex than conventional microstrip phased arrays, making them a good candidate for low-cost LMCS and SATCOM terminals.
Changes in testicular function induced by short‐term exposure of the rat testis to heat: further evidence for interaction of germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells (1984)

This study was designed to determine the effects of a short episode of testicular heating (43 degrees C for 15 min) on spermatogenesis and Sertoli and Leydig cell function. Rats killed at intervals up to 156 days after heating were assessed by histological examination, and by measurement of serum FSH and LH, and by tests of Sertoli cell function consisting of fluid production, androgen binding protein (ABP) content of the ligated and unligated tests, together with the binding of [125I]FSH. Leydig cell function was assessed by in vitro testosterone production, serum testosterone levels and [125I]hCG binding to testes homogenates. Testis weight declined 7 days after heating to 70% of control and remained lower until 82 days, whereas epididymal weight did not decrease significantly until 26 days and also recovered by 82 days. Fluid production was significantly lower in heated testes at 26 days and returned to normal at 56 days. ABP production measured as the difference between the ABP content of ligated and unligated testes was significantly reduced at 14 and 26 days, but subsequently recovered. Serum FSH levels were significantly elevated from 14-26 days in the heat treated group and the binding of [125I]FSH was reduced at 26 days post-heating. Basal and stimulated in vitro T production was significantly increased in the heat-treated testes at 14 days and subsequently returned to normal whilst [125I]hCG binding was significantly lower in the heat-treated testes from 7-26 days. Serum T and LH did not alter significantly during the study. Primary spermatocytes and young spermatids were the most heat sensitive germ cell type and a reduction in spermatogenesis was noted from 7 to 26 days, although recovery appeared complete by 56 days and thereafter. These results demonstrate that the transient spermatogenic disruption induced by heating is accompanied by significant alterations in Sertoli and Leydig cell function which are identical to those produced in other models of spermatogenic dysfunction. The results suggest that the duration of these changes appears to correlate closely with alterations occurring in the germ cell compartment.
Aldosterone and dexamethasone stimulate calcineurin activity through a transcription-independent mechanism involving steroid receptor-associated heat shock proteins. (1997)

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are components of the steroid receptor complex and are released into the cell cytosol after hormone binding. We tested whether HSPs released from steroid receptors mediate an increase in calcineurin phosphatase activity by steroid hormones. Aldosterone increased calcineurin activity in microdissected rat cortical collecting ducts (CCD) and connecting tubules, but not in proximal tubules, medullary thick ascending limb, or outer medullary collecting ducts. In contrast, 5 microM dexamethasone increased calcineurin activity in both CCD and proximal tubules. Aldosterone increased CCD calcineurin activity after 30 min and this response was blocked by spironolactone, but not by actinomycin D. An antibody recognizing HSP-56 did not change basal calcineurin activity, but completely blocked the stimulation of calcineurin by aldosterone. Rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug that stabilizes the HSP-steroid receptor complex, also blocked the aldosterone response, whereas HSP-90 or HSP-70 increased calcineurin activity in permeabilized CCD. In summary, (a) aldosterone increases calcineurin activity in CCD through a transcription-independent process; (b) maneuvers inactivating HSP-56 or slowing HSP disassociation from the receptor complex blocks stimulation of calcineurin by steroid hormones; (c) HSP-90 and HSP-70 increase CCD calcineurin activity in the absence of steroid hormone. We conclude that HSPs released from transformed steroid receptors can stimulate calcineurin activity through a transcription-independent pathway.
Accurate Antenna Characterization forWideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing (2014)

The airborne F-SAR sensor, developed and operated by the DLR Microwaves and Radar Institute, provides very high resolution, fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in multiple frequency bands that are enhanced by several interferometric imaging modes. The high resolution/high bandwidth regime of operation introduces significant challenges regarding both data calibration and image formation, or focusing. This paper reviews the methods for accurate antenna characterization and the parameter extraction for SAR data processing. The antenna measurements must accurately portray interactions with the surroundings as mounted on the aircraft. The results presented concern the antenna characterization itself and illustrate how the quality of real polarimetric and interferometric SAR data is significantly improved.
Scheduled civil aircraft emission inventories for 1992: Database development and analysis (1996)

This report describes the development of a three-dimensional database of aircraft fuel burn and emissions (fuel burned, NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons) from scheduled commercial aircraft for each month of 1992. The seasonal variation in aircraft emissions was calculated for selected regions (global, North America, Europe, North Atlantic, and North Pacific). A series of parametric calculations were done to quantify the possible errors introduced from making approximations necessary to calculate the global emission inventory. The effects of wind, temperature, load factor, payload, and fuel tankering on fuel burn were evaluated to identify how they might affect the accuracy of aircraft emission inventories. These emissions inventories are available for use by atmospheric scientists conducting the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) modeling studies. Fuel burned and emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx as N02), carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons have been calculated on a 1 degree latitude x 1 degree longitude x 1 kilometer altitude grid and delivered to NASA as electronic files.
DNA Sequence Evolution with Neighbor-Dependent Mutation (2003)

We introduce a model of DNA sequence evolution which can account for biases in mutation rates that depend on the identity of the neighboring bases. An analytic solution for this class of models is developed by adopting well-known methods of nonlinear dynamics. Results are presented for the CpG-methylation-deamination process, which dominates point substitutions in vertebrates. The dinucleotide frequencies generated by the model (using empirically obtained mutation rates) match the overall pattern observed in noncoding DNA. A web-based tool has been constructed to compute single- and dinucleotide frequencies for arbitrary neighbor-dependent mutation rates. Also provided is the backward procedure to infer the mutation rates using maximum likelihood analysis given the observed single- and dinucleotide frequencies. Reasonable estimates of the mutation rates can be obtained very efficiently, using generic noncoding DNA sequences as input, after masking out long homonucleotide subsequences. Our method is much more convenient and versatile to use than the traditional method of deducing mutation rates by counting mutation events in carefully chosen sequences. More generally, our approach provides a more realistic but still tractable description of noncoding genomic DNA and may be used as a null model for various sequence analysis applications.
Dynamische Membranbegasung im Bioreaktor zur Intensivierung der Sauerstoffversorgung empfindlicher Zelllinien (2007)

Abstract Zur Produktion pharmazeutischer Proteinwirkstoffe werden heute vielfach tierische Zelllinien eingesetzt. Während robuste Zelllinien trotz fehlender Zellwand eine Sauerstoffversorgung über Blasenbegasung tolerieren, ist zur Kultivierung von empfindlichen Zelllinien eine blasenfreie Sauerstoffversorgung erforderlich, z. B. per Membranbegasung. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil der Membranbegasung ist jedoch die begrenzte Stofftransportkapazität, welche die Zelldichte und damit die Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeute im Bioreaktor limitiert. Dies kann sich vor allem für intensivierte Fermentationen mit hohen Zelldichten (Perfusion, ggf. Fed‐Batch) nachteilig auswirken. Vorgestellt wird ein konstruktiv einfaches dynamisches Membranbegasungssystem, in dem die Funktionselemente „Rotor”︁ und „Stator”︁ in einem rotatorisch oszillierenden Membranträger vereinigt sind.
Exponential Residue Codes (1975)

This note describes a class of pulse compression codes which were discovered by examining the properties of the prime transform algorithm [1]. For each prime P, phase hop sequences of length P-1 can be constructed whose periodic autocorrelation functions have constant sidelobe height of -1 relative to the main peak value of P-1.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Measurements of the Kinetics of 3‐exo Radical Cyclizations Using Radical Reporter Groups. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Neutral Three-Coordinate Alkylrhodium(I) Complex: Stabilization of a 14-Electron Species by γ-C−H Agostic Interactions with a Saturated Hydrocarbon Group (2001)

γ-C−H agostic stabilization of the 14-electron metal center by a saturated hydrocarbon group characterizes the structure of the first neutral, three-coordinate alkylrhodium(I) complex [(κ2-dtbpm)RhNp] (1; dtbpm = bis(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)methane, Np=neopentyl). Some of its reactions, for example, N2 complexation and C−H bond activation, are reported.
OLED matrix displays: technology and fundamentals (2002)

For more than a decade, considerable effort has been put into the development of light emitting devices based on evaporated layers of organic semiconductors. To date, the properties of matrix displays consisting of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) basically meet automotive and consumer product requirements. OLED matrix displays offer high contrast, wide viewing angle and a broad temperature range at low power consumption. In contrast to polymer devices, OLEDs are processed in ultrahigh vacuum systems. The organic source materials are sublimated from effusion cells. Due to the sensitivity of organic thin films, device structuring by conventional etching techniques is not feasible and alternative structuring techniques were developed. Electrical current in organic devices is limited by the low conductivity of organic semiconductors and by energy barriers at the metal-organic semiconductor interface. Photoelectric measurements facilitate the determination of barrier height differences between various electrode set-ups. Further insights into the energy band alignment at organic heterointerfaces are gained by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). In addition to widely employed electrical (I-V, C-V) and optical (PI) measurements, thermally stimulated current (TSC) and luminescence (TSL) allow the characterization and a more detailed understanding of carrier traps and charge transport in organic devices. Energy transfer in a doped OLED emitting layer can be investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence measurements.
Increased striatal dopamine efflux <i>in vivo</i> following inhibition of cerebral nitric oxide synthase by the novel monosodium salt of 7‐nitro indazole (1995)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in striatal dopamine release has been controversial. Most NO synthase inhibitors affect more than one isoform of the enzyme and exert vasoconstrictor effects which may also affect striatal dopamine function. We now report on the effect of a soluble monosodium salt of the selective brain NO synthase inhibitor 7-nitro indazole (7-NINA). Using 7-NINA the first study of selective inhibition of the brain isoform of NO synthase on dopamine efflux in rat striatum was undertaken by use of in vivo microdialysis. Perfusion with 7-NINA (1 mM) increased striatal dopamine efflux. The effect of 7-NINA was partially antagonized (67%) by co-perfusion with L-arginine (1 mM), the precursor of NO formation in vivo. This suggests that 7-NINA induces a competitive inhibition of NO synthase activity. These data show that endogenous NO has an inhibitory effect on striatal dopamine efflux in vivo.
Pyramid Network with Online Hard Example Mining for Accurate Left Atrium Segmentation (2018)

Accurately segmenting left atrium in MR volume can benefit the ablation procedure of atrial fibrillation. Traditional automated solutions often fail in relieving experts from the labor-intensive manual labeling. In this paper, we propose a deep neural network based solution for automated left atrium segmentation in gadolinium-enhanced MR volumes with promising performance. We firstly argue that, for this volumetric segmentation task, networks in 2D fashion can present great superiorities in time efficiency and segmentation accuracy than networks with 3D fashion. Considering the highly varying shape of atrium and the branchy structure of associated pulmonary veins, we propose to adopt a pyramid module to collect semantic cues in feature maps from multiple scales for fine-grained segmentation. Also, to promote our network in classifying the hard examples, we propose an Online Hard Negative Example Mining strategy to identify voxels in slices with low classification certainties and penalize the wrong predictions on them. Finally, we devise a competitive training scheme to further boost the generalization ability of networks. Extensively verified on 20 testing volumes, our proposed framework achieves an average Dice of 92.83% in segmenting the left atria and pulmonary veins.
Evanescent coupling in arrays of type II femtosecond laser-written waveguides in bulk x-cut lithium niobate (2008)

We report on the first fabrication of evanescently coupled planar arrays of type II waveguides in x-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) by femtosecond laser inscription. A particular choice of writing parameters allows the evanescent field of the individual waveguide modes to extend significantly beyond the damage lines into the neighboring guides, thus realizing a coupling constant of 2.2 cm−1 at a wavelength of 633 nm.
<i>Clerodendrum inerme</i>Leaf Extract Alleviates Animal Behaviors, Hyperlocomotion, and Prepulse Inhibition Disruptions, Mimicking Tourette Syndrome and Schizophrenia (2012)

Previously, we found a patient with intractable motor tic disorder, a spectrum of Tourette syndrome (TS), responsive to the ground leaf juice of Clerodendrum inerme (CI). Here, we examined the effect of the ethanol extract of CI leaves (CI extract) on animal behaviors mimicking TS, hyperlocomotion, and sensorimotor gating deficit. The latter is also observed in schizophrenic patients and can be reflected by a disruption of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (PPI) in animal models induced by methamphetamine and NMDA channel blockers (ketamine or MK-801), based on hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic hypotheses, respectively. CI extract (10-300 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and PPI disruptions induced by methamphetamine, ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) but did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod performance, and grip force. These results suggest that CI extract can relieve hyperlocomotion and improve sensorimotor gating deficit, supporting the therapeutic potential of CI for TS and schizophrenia.
Hard-bottom macrofauna of the East Flower Garden brine seep: impact of a long term, point-source brine discharge (1983)

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to digital@library.tamu.edu, referencing the URI of the item.
Immunochemical Studies of Poliovirus: II. Kinetics of the Formation of Infectious and Noninfectious Type 1 Poliovirus in Three Cell Strains of Human Derivation (1958)

Summary The cellular materials and extracellular fluids from cultures of 3 cell strains of human derivation were assayed for viral substances throughout a period of 15–19 hr following high multiplicity infection with Type 1 poliovirus. Infectivity measurements were done by the plaque technique, and assays for C and D antigens were made by complement fixation. During the first 10–12 hr following seeding, infectious virus, as well as the C and D antigens, were found to accumulate in the cellular fraction. Significant amounts of viral material appeared in the extracellular fluid only after this period of accumulation. It was found that 100,000 to 500,000 physical poliovirus particles (PVP) are produced/cell. This datum is derived from D antigen titers which were converted to PVP by use of the previously established relationship between D antigen and PVP. The 3 cell lines were found to differ in the quantity of virus produced/cell, and in the proportion of virus particles that are infectious. C antigen was found in both cellular and extracellular material.
Hybrid Open-Endoluminal Technique for Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Involving the Celiac Axis (2000)

This combined approach is another treatment option for thoracic aneurysms that have an anatomically suitable proximal attachment zone with a compromised distal neck.
Thigh Injury-Ice Hockey (2011)

HISTORY: An 18-year-old Division II male ice hockey player sustained a direct blow from an opponent's knee to his anterior-lateral thigh while participating in a regular season game. The athlete was unable to bear weight on the affected leg and did not return to the game. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Examination revealed moderate tenderness over the anterior thigh, normal sensation, reflexes, and pulses, and no sign of skin ecchymosis. Active quadriceps function was restricted and painful. Passive flexion of his knee was limited by subjective pain. Peripheral pulses were normal and all motor units intact. Symptoms improved over the next three days with cold therapy and the athlete returned to practice. Immediately following a low intensity warm up on a stationary bicycle and moderate intensity upper body strengthening exercises, the athlete experienced an unusual increased tightness in the injured thigh causing him to walk with a limp. Thirty minutes after low intensity walking he was unable to flex the leg and was transported to the emergency room. Physical exam revealed a thigh compartment pressure of 58 mmHg (normally <30 mmHg) indicating an acute compartment syndrome. The athlete was taken to the operating room and an emergency fasciotomy to relieve the pressure was performed. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Femur fracture Deep vein thrombosis Intramuscular hematoma TEST AND RESULTS: Thigh compartment pressure was measured using a handheld pressure monitoring system FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Delayed-onset compartment syndrome of the thigh TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. Emergency fasciotomy and decompression were performed 2. A vacuum assisted device was used 4 days post-surgery to allow the compartment to drain and prevent recurrent increases in compartment pressures 3. Cold therapy with compression were applied to reduce swelling 4. Vacuum assisted device was removed 2 weeks post-surgery and the wound was sutured 5. Cold therapy with compression was continued along with range of motion exercises 6. Athlete returned to full activity with no restrictions 33 days post-injury
A new type of fumonisin series appeared on the scene of food and feed safety (2008)

Fumonisins were extracted from a rice culture which had been inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides isolated from maize stalk. The culture extracts were analysed by a hyphenated technique: reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/ESI-IT MS 2 ). Besides already known fumonisins, a new type of fumonisin series (PHFB4OSA belonging to the formerly described FBX)-containing four new compounds-was detected. At these compounds, one of the OH groups attached to the fumonisin backbone was esterified by carboxylic acid (oxalylsuccinic acid, OSA) other than tricarballylic acid (TCA). The masses of the protonated molecules and of the characteristic product ions and the characteristic neutral mass losses from the protonated molecules suggested their structure. The relative quantities of the new minor compounds were expressed as percentages of FB1 toxin.