gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Forskolin-Induced Ca2+ Signals in Rat Olfactory Receptor Neurons (2005)

Forskolin-induced Ca(2+) signals were examined in isolated rat olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) using a Ca(2+) indicator, fura-2. In the soma of the ORNs, forskolin caused an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) that was enhanced by a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1 inhibitor, 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, but not a PDE4 inhibitor, rolipram. Forskolin-induced Ca(2+) signals were abolished with the removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and un-affected by treatment with thapsigargin or caffeine plus ryanodine. Niflumic acid, a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel inhibitor, or nifedipine, an L-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitor, slowed the initial rate of the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in response to forskolin. Nifedipine did not affect the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) that was slowed by niflumic acid. In Ca(2+) measurements with a confocal microscope and a calcium indicator, Fluo-4, the onset of the response to forskolin in the knob region occurred simultaneously or earlier, but not later, than that in the soma. It is suggested that the forskolin-induced Ca(2+) signals are due to Ca(2+) influx, but not the release of Ca(2+) from Ca(2+) stores, and that the initial rapid increase in [Ca(2+)](i) is associated with the activation of the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in rat ORNs.
Use of actively cooled and activated coolant for surface quality improvement in ductile material grinding (2007)

An active cooling and activation approach for coolant during ductile material grinding is proposed and examined. The aim is to enhance the surface quality of the workpiece being machined by the grinding process. Problems in the existing cooling approaches, such as activation, cryogenic cooling and chilled air-cooling, are discussed. Experimental and computational studies of the effects of actively cooled and activated coolant for ductile material grinding were conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to improve the surface quality by up to 36.68% on average in terms of surface roughness Ra. In addition, it was found that surface roughness could be reduced if the coolant temperature is reduced. The results of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) tests show that the proposed method could, in general, produce low residual stress values. Further studies of this topic are necessary. Results of optical and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations also confirmed that the proposed approach is advantageous.
The Structure of the Gene Encoding Chain c of the Hemoglobin of the Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris (1989)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for chain c of hemoglobin of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris has been determined. The sequence of 4037 base pairs (bp) includes about 310 bp of 5'-flanking sequence and 110 bp 3' to the poly(A) site. Comparison of cDNA and genomic sequences shows four silent differences in codons that suggest the presence of at least two genes. The coding sequence is split by two introns of 1344 and 1169 bp at highly conserved positions (Jhiang, S. M., Garey, J. R., and Riggs, A. F. (1988) Science 240, 334-336). The first intron possesses the unusual 5' splice junction sequence GC instead of GT. Many tandem triplet repeats based on (GAT) and (CCT) are present in the first intron. The second intron has nine tandem repeats based on the consensus sequence AAGGAAGGAGGTC. Each intron has several exact inverted repeats of 9-10 bp that might result in loops of 78-140 nucleotides in the RNA prior to splicing. The sequences in the second intron, at positions 2423-2644 are about 65% identical with parts of several genes found in yeast mitochondria and in DNA from several other organisms.
Application of digital imaging of telemedicine on diabetic retinopathy screening (2019)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become one of the main causes of acquired blindness. Early detection, diagnosis and timely treatment of DR have long been considered as a means to significantly reduce the visual loss caused by diabetes. Telemedicine based on digital imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of DR, and its accuracy and reliability research is increasingly improved, which is also one of the rapid detection methods in the early screening of DR. With the development of digital imaging of telemedicine, using artificial intelligence to assist DR diagnosis has become the future development direction. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2019, 43: 2-7)


Key words: 
diabetic retinopathy; telemedicine; digital imaging; artificial intelligence
62. Steriods and walden inversion. Part XLI. The deamination of some A-nor-, B-nor-, and 17-amino-steroids (1959)

C. W. Shoppee and J. C. P. Sly, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 345 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000345
Some Theory and Applications of Periodically Coupled Waves (1969)

Parallel-traveling waves can interact with complete power transfer even though they have different phase constants, provided that the coupling is periodic. This paper outlines some possible applications of this phenomenon, including mode transforming devices, frequency-selective filters in the microwave and laser wavelength regions, and parametric amplifiers or converters. This paper also gives some coupled-wave equations for interactions in a nonlinear medium and a generalization of the Tien conditions for parametric wave interaction.
Approaches for the repair of VLSI/WSI RRAMs by row/column deletion (1988)

The authors present two approaches for the repair of large random access memory (RAM) in which redundant rows and columns have been added as spares. These devices, referred to as redundant RAMs, are repaired to achieve acceptable yields at production time. The first approach, namely, the faulty-line-covering technique, is a refinement of the fault-driven approach. This approach finds the optimal repair-solution within a smaller number of iterations than the fault-driven algorithm. Simulation results show that the faulty-line-covering technique will execute much faster under all fault distributions. The second approach uses a heuristic criterion in the generation of the repair-solution. This heuristic criterion permits a very fast repair. The criterion is based on the calculation of efficient coefficients for the rows and columns of the memory. Two techniques for coefficient selection are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prolonged high fat/alcohol exposure increases TRPV4 and its functional responses in pancreatic stellate cells (2013)

The present study investigated transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) ion channels in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) isolated from rats with high-fat and alcohol diet (HFA)-induced chronic pancreatitis. TRPV4 is a calcium-permeable nonselective ion channel responsive to osmotic changes, alcohol metabolites arachidonic acid, anandamide, their derivatives, and injury-related lipid mediators. Male Lewis rats were fed HFA for 6-8 wk before isolation and primary culture of PSCs. Control PSCs were harvested from rats fed standard chow. Immunoreactivity for cytoskeletal protein activation product α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β subunit (PDGFR-β) characterized the cells as PSCs. TRPV4 expression increased in PSCs of HFA-fed rats and control cultures after alcohol treatment (50 mM). Cell responses to activation of inducible TRPV4 were assessed with live cell calcium imaging. Threefold increased and sustained intracellular calcium mobilization responses occurred in 70% of pancreatic stellate cells from HFA-fed rats in response to TRPV4 activators arachidonic acid, lipid second messenger, phorbol ester 4 α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4αPDD), and 50% hypoosmotic media compared with relatively unresponsive PSCs from control rats. Activation responses were attenuated by nonselective TRPV channel blocker ruthenium red. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 1 ng/ml, 16 h) increased responses to 4αPDD in control PSCs. These findings implicate TRPV4-mediated calcium responses inducible after HFA exposure and inflammation in reactive responses of activated PSCs that impair pancreatic function, such as responsiveness to cytokines and the deposition of collagen fibrosis that precipitates ductal blockage and pain.
Expertise ranking in question-answer social network groups (2013)

Online social networks have become the major channel for people to maintain relationships, collaborate, and contribute shared information. A social network group can be created as a specific community for people who share an interest in a particular topic. One form of interaction within the group is the question-answer interaction by which the users in the group can ask questions or provide answers to others. A network analysis method, e.g., PageRank, can be used to analyze the interaction patterns between the users in order to identify and rank experts in the group. In this paper, we are interested in experimenting on how the quality of the users' comments can take part in the identification and ranking of experts by a PageRank-like algorithm. The quality factors are community rating, that is given to the answers, and the content-based features of the comments, i.e., length, complexity, and informativeness. We conduct an experiment on a Java Facebook group and evaluate the accuracy of the ranking with and without comment quality consideration against expertise ranking by Java experts.
Cyclopropanes. VIII.<sup>1</sup> Rates of Ring Opening of Substituted Cyclopropyl Ketones and Carbinols<sup>2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropanes. VIII.1 Rates of Ring Opening of Substituted Cyclopropyl Ketones and Carbinols2H. M. Walborsky and L. PlonskerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 9, 2138–2144Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01470a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01470a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The physiological disposition of 5-fluorouracil in mice bearing solid L1210 lymphocytic leukemia. (1972)

The physiological disposition of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and its metabolites, in particular 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate (FdUMP), has been studied in BDF1 mice bearing 6-day solid L1210 lymphocytic leukemia up to 72 hr after a single i.v. dose of FU-2-14C, 200 mg/kg, 300 to 1000 eCi/kg. The drug persisted in all tissues, particularly in tumor, for hours after its elimination from blood. The anabolites of FU similarly persisted in both acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions of tissues. In most tissues, the major portion of the 72-hr exposure to FU, 5-fluorouridine, 5-fluorouridine 5′-monosphosphate, and the di- and triphosphates of 5-fluorouridine, based on areas under the concentration-time curves, occurred during the 1st 24 hr after dosing. In some tissues, including tumor and small intestine, the major portion of the 72-hr exposure to the di- and triphosphates occurred between 24 and 72 hr after dosing. In particular, FdUMP, which is believed to be the active metabolite, persisted in significant concentrations in all tissues for 72 hr. In most tissues, over 50% of the 72-hr exposure to FdUMP occurred between 24 and 72 hr after dosing. In tumor, where the highest overall exposure to FdUMP was observed, and in small intestine, 70% of the exposure occurred after 24 hr. The significance of the persistence of the active metabolite is discussed.
Digitally-controlled high-frequency DC-DC buck converter (2010)

A through and detailed design procedure and evaluation of two types of digital controllers for a dc-dc buck converter working in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) is described in this paper. The converter operates at a switching frequency of 500 KHz. The controller is designed on the basis of “digital redesign” and “direct digital design” approaches. The performance of the approaches is compared in terms of both the bandwidth and the phase margin of the control loop, as well as the output transient response. Matlab/Simulink simulated results validate the design.
Correlation between serum leptin and bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients (2016)

In this investigation, we found, leptin has a bimodal effect on bone mass. Cortical bones assessment may be a better option for assessment.
Microbial strengthening of loose sand (2010)

Biofilm-forming bacteria can increase the shear strength of saturated sand. The addition of biofilm-forming bacteria to a building site may be an alternate method to mitigate the effects of liquefaction.
Distributed control plane architecture of next generation IP routers (2009)

In this paper, we present our research aiming at building a petabit router model for next generation networks. Considering the increasing traffic requirements on the Internet, current gigabit and terabit speed routers will soon not be able to meet user demand. One of the promising trends of router evolution is to build next generation routers with enhanced memory capacity and computing resources, distributed across a very high speed switching fabric. The main limitation of the current routing and signaling software modules, traditionally designed in a centralized manner, is that they do not scale in order to fully exploit such an advanced distributed hardware architecture. This paper discusses an implementation for an control plane for next generation routers integrating several protocol dedicated distributed architectures, aiming at increasing the scalability and resiliency. The proposed architecture distributes the processing functions on router cards, i.e., on both control and line cards. Therefore, it reduces the bottlenecks and improves both the overall performance and the resiliency in the presence of faults. Scalability is estimated with respect to the CPU utilization and memory requirements.
Hardware Trojans in wireless cryptographic ICs: silicon demonstration & detection method evaluation (2013)

We present a silicon implementation of a hardware Trojan, which is capable of leaking the secret key of a wireless cryptographic integrated circuit (IC) consisting of an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) core and an Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) transmitter. With its impact carefully hidden in the transmission specification margins allowed for process variations, this hardware Trojan cannot be detected by production testing methods of either the digital or the analog part of the IC and does not violate the transmission protocol or any system-level specifications. Nevertheless, the informed adversary, who knows what to look for in the transmission power waveform, is capable of retrieving the 128-bit AES key, which is leaked with every 128-bit ciphertext block sent by the UWB transmitter. Using silicon measurements from 40 chips fabricated in TSMC's 0.35μm technology, we also assess the effectiveness of a side channel-based statistical analysis method in detecting this hardware Trojan.
Reflections on achieving professional leadership. (2000)

This inspirational message was prepared as the capstone speech for the 1999 Helene Fuld Health Trust Fellowship Program for Emerging Nurse Leaders. At the time Dr. Fitzpatrick was President of the American Academy of Nursing. Key to her message is that future leaders should be encouraged to focus on the development of a career perspective as they develop transformational leadership skills.
The Gender Trouble and Body Narrative in Jeanette Winterson’s Novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruits (2016)

As one of “the 20 Best of Young British Writers” coined by the famous literary magazine Grant , Jeanette Winterson has been well-known for her lesbian themes. Her semi-autobiographical novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruits is the most controversial one. In this novel, Winterson deconstruct the binary opposition system dominated in the heterosexual world, reconstructed a liberated view on love in the homosexual world and presented her strong feminist thoughts through the exploration of the gender troubles. In examining these issues, the novel presents body as the object, content and medium of narration, and explores body narratives in constructing alternative views on love and gender.
A Frequency-Division Multiplex Key Telephone System (1971)

A new key telephone system, which uses four-wire connections between the telephone stations and the electronic key service unit, is described. The drastic reduction in the number of conductors results from the transfer of logic functions from the telephone stations to a central controller. Supervision and control signals are provided by a frequency division multiplex arrangement.
Capillary electrophoresis combined with accelerated solvent extraction as an improved methodology for effective separation and simultaneous determination of malachite green, crystal violet and their leuco-metabolites in aquatic products (2012)

Malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV) and their leuco-metabolites (LMG, LCV) could not be determined simultaneously by capillary zone electrophoresis because of their similar structures, low solubility in water, and easy degradation/de-methylation. A novel capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with UV detection for the effective separation and simultaneous determination of the four compounds was developed for the first time. The use of an acetonitrile–sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–ammonium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.0) achieved the effective separation of the four compounds. The effects of CE conditions on separation were investigated in detail. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with acetonitrile as an extractant in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid was used to extract the four compounds in aquatic products with high extraction efficiency. Under optimized separation conditions, the four analytes could be baseline separated, and there was no interference in analysis of real samples. Calibration curves have good linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) greater than 0.999. The limit of detection for MG, CV, LMG, and LCV were 0.39, 0.29, 0.08, and 0.10 μg mL−1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day variability (RSD) of peak areas were in the range of 0.3–3.4% and 1.0–4.7%, respectively. Average recoveries were 92.6–107% with RSD of 2.1% for shrimp samples, 95.4–108% with RSD of 2.3% for eel samples, and 89.1–105% with RSD of 3.1% for sardine samples. The proposed ASE–CE method has the advantages of high selectivity, good linearity and precision.
Pharmacokinetics of continuous intravenous and subcutaneous infusions of cytosine arabinoside (1982)

The pharmacokinetics of continuous subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) infusions were compared with continuous intravenous infusions. Steady-state serum ara-C levels and myelosuppression were similar with both routes of administration. CSF/serum ara-C ratios ranged from 0.14 to 0.91 (mean, 0.58). Continuous subcutaneous ara-C infusions were a convenient and reliable alternative to intravenous infusions.
Changes in China's Media and Internet Technology: A Review Essay (2008)

Wei Yuan (1794-1856), a 19 century Chinese thinker, was deeply concerned about the threat of Western intrusion and China’s maritime defense after the First Opium War (1839-1842). He proposed to “emulate the strength of the foreigners’ technology in order to overcome them” (shi yi changji yi zhi yi). For Chinese, this means that China must employ Western science and technology to defeat the Western intruders (Leonard, 1984; Liu, 2004). Wei Yuan’s idea gave rise to two aspirations for modern China: materialist progress and national empowerment. Over the last two centuries Chinese leaders had launched reforms, revolutions and radical movements to promote economic progress and to create a strong nation in an increasingly hostile and competitive international environment.
Radiation forces on spheres in loosely focused Gaussian beam: ray-optics regime (2006)

Analytic expressions for radiation force on a sphere in a loosely focused Gaussian beam are derived in suitable form for applications by the photon stream method in the ray-optics regime. For perfect reflecting spheres, an analytic solution for the scattering force and a simplified expression for the gradient force are obtained. The computation results presented are consistent with those of previous theoretical studies and reported experimental results.
Image compression using an overcomplete discrete wavelet transform (1996)

This paper investigates the application of a new concept called the "overcomplete discrete wavelet transform" (ODWT) for image sequences compression. It has been demonstrated that: "The translated function with any integer multiple of the sampling period is completely represented in the wavelet space by one of the ODWT members". This theoretical result leads to a new motion estimation and compensation scheme working in the transform domain. Our simulation experiments, performed on real image sequences, show high quality and low bit rate performances. By performing the motion estimation in the wavelet space, a quite modest computational complexity is ensured.
Lattice Boltzmann Method to Simulate Barotropic Atmosphere (2003)

A recently developed CFD method, lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model method is applied to simulate the movement of barotropic atmosphere. Different from conventional LBE models, Coriolis force and the effect of gravity are added into this model, and the height of fluid is introduced to replace the density term, which avoids the difficulties related to the computation of incompressible fluid. The formation of geostrophic wind and cyclone is simulated successfully.
South Arne-Nybro Offshore Pipeline—The Subsea Installations (2000)

A summary is given for the design and construction of the South Arne-Nybro 24-in. gas pipeline. The main design requirements for the subsea installations are presented: subsea Wye piece configuration to enable gas export from both South Arne and Harald, use of subsea safety valves close to platforms, platform-based control systems for opening of subsea check valves, subsea ball valves and small bore ports for precommissioning, pipeline isolation and contingency purpose, strong protection structures to avoid damage by fishing gear, and, finally, design to avoid scour problems. The design work to achieve these objectives as well as simple installation methods for the subsea assemblies by use of a medium-sized diving support vessel is described. An outline for the offshore construction work is finally given.