gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Attenuation at C Band in a Convective Storm by a Dual-Radar Method (1997)

Retrievals of specific attenuation at 5.5-cm wavelength from dual-radar observations of a summer convective storm in Florida are presented. The retrieved specific attenuation is positive except in regions near the radars where the observed reflectivity factors suffered from contamination by ground clutter. The specific attenuations ranged between 0.0 and 2.0 dB km−1; they are small at higher levels of the storm, and high reflectivity cores are generally associated with higher specific attenuations. A plot of the retrieved specific attenuation against reflectivity factor at 10-cm wavelength shows that a majority of the retrieved values agree with those calculated from empirical relationships between reflectivity factor and specific attenuation. A small fraction of the points having high reflectivity factors have smaller than empirically predicted attenuations; these are attributed to dry ice particles. A larger fraction of the points having low reflectivity factors, less than about 30 dBZ, have higher than empirically predicted attenuations; these are attributed to attenuation by cloud liquid water and mixed-phase hydrometeors. A scatterplot of the differential reflectivity factor at 10-cm wavelength against the ratio of the retrieved specific attenuation to the reflectivity factor at 10-cm wavelength agrees generally with a theoretically expected relationship between the two parameters for horizontally oriented deformed raindrops, giving credence to the retrievals. However, the points scatter rather widely around the theoretical curve and the scatter is attributed to 1) signal fluctuations; 2) physical factors, namely, cloud water, ice particles, and mixed-phase particles of various shapes; 3) instrumental factors, namely, ground clutter, finite pulse volume, mismatched radar antenna patterns, and sidelobes; and 4) numerical procedures used in the retrievals, namely, data interpolation, smoothing, and differentiation.
Can’t Take a Joke? The Asymmetrical Nature of the Politicized Sense of Humor (2015)

In an effort to tease out possible expressions of dispositional differences in people of different political ideologies, this study uses media preference and consumption data from the 2008 National Annenberg Election Survey (NAES08-Online) to examine characteristics of audiences for a range of television shows and genres. The individual shows include two political satires, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, and The Colbert Report; a late-night comedy/variety show, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno; a hospital-based ensemble situation comedy, Scrubs; two animated comedies, The Simpsons, and The Family Guy; and two action-oriented dramas, 24, and CSI: Miami. The genres include comedies, dramas, sports and documentaries. The results of a series of one-way ANOVAs and regression analyses supported the hypotheses that conservatives do not enjoy humor as much as liberals, and that they enjoy political humor even less than non-political humor.
Enhancement of transient electromagnetic soundings; a metallic model study (1984)

Abstract Transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings can be enhanced by additions of matched filtered signals from different coil separations. Results of laboratory metallic model studies are used to demonstrate this technique.A short pulse of current is transmitted from one coil. For each of the signals received in the other coil, the half-space response (surface wave) is subtracted from the total signal to determine the reflected signal. These reflected signals are passed through matched filters corresponding to the proper separation and a possible layer depth. All of the matched filtered signals corresponding to a particular possible depth are added, and the summed output is stored. The filtering and summing process is repeated for a set of possible interface depths. The sum of matched filtered signals for the correct depth has a peak value of 1 and is symmetric about the peak.We believe that short-range early-time values of the transient response can be used to estimate the conductivity of the first layer. This estimate is used for numerical computations of half-space responses. We have used several magnetic dipoles to represent the finite-sized coils to show good agreement between theoretical and experimental half-spaces. Theoretical reflection signals for matched filters can be computed numerically. The stacking of matched filtered signals is an electromagnetic analog of the common-depth-point (CDP) seismic technique. It should reduce the effects of near-surface inhomogeneities and improve the resolution.As an incidental experiment, we show comparisons of the reflected signal and the 'image transmission.' The reflected and transmitted signals are essentially the same and support the concept of hybrid-ray theory for electromagnetic sounding.
A End-to-end Source Address Validation Solution for IPv6 (2007)

This document describes the detail mechanism and protocol definition
of a light-weight signature based and end-to-end deployed method for
preventing the spoofing of source IPv6 address.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (2003)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Adsorption Heat Pump Development At JPL (1993)

In simple sorption refrigeration system, low pressure gases are physically adsorbed onto or chemically absorbed into various solids, typically near ambient temperatures or above.
[Surgical treatment versus tracheostomy of the laryngeal stenosis in children]. (1997)

Incidence of pediatric laryngeal stenosis has increased due to better Intensive Care Units. The medical records of the patients with laryngeal stenosis treated in the hospital between 1990 and 1995 were reviewed, analyzing the type of lesion, ethiologic factors, surgical technique employed and post-op result. The surgical technique was chosen conditioned by the age, weight of the patient, grade of the stenosis according to Cotton's classification and presence or absence of respiratory distress. 48 patients had laryngeal stenosis. 2 of them had acute glottic edema (4%) and 45 subglottic stenosis (96%), most of them after long term endotracheal intubation, 34 cases (75.5%). 19 of these occurred in the neonatal period. 7 cases (15.5%) were congenital stenosis (2 subglottic membranes, 1 subglottic cyst and 4 true congenital subglottic stenosis). 5 cases were a miscelanea. We found 13 grade I cases (29%), grade II 16 cases (35%) and grade III 12 (27%). No grade IV were seen. 8 patients (18%) had gastro-esophageal reflux, 5 of them required Nissen's funduplication before airway surgery. 12 patients followed medical treatment (27%), all of them grades I and II, with good results. Endoscopic treatment was done in 6 patients (13%), with good results in all but one that required a surgical approach. The anterior cricothiroid split was done in 7 patients (15%), all of them under 5 months of age. Good results were obtained in 71.4 percent of the patients. 9 cases (20%) underwent an anterior largingotracheoplasty with costal cartilage graft with good results in 88.9 percent of the patients. Anterior and posterior cartilage graft after double laringotracheoplasty was done to 8 patients (18%). One of them developed a subglottic sinequiae which was solved endoscopically, and another patient evolved to restenosis. 20 patients had a tracheostomy. All but four were decanulated in 11.7 +/- 12.3 (4-54) weeks. Mortality rate associated with the surgical technique has been zero, with excellent results in 82.5 percent of the series. The new surgical techniques developed in recent years for laringotracheal stenosis in childhood have made unnecessary the use of permanent tracheostomies in these children which have obvious inconvenient and potentially lethal complications.
Modeling of a permanent magnet disk stepper motor and sensorless field oriented speed control using an extended Kalman filter (2002)

Applying the principle of field orientation and providing a closed-loop speed control, the stepper motor becomes a high dynamic, robust, four-quadrant AC servomotor drive considerably differing from its performance in the open-loop control mode. However, in improving the stepper motor in this way, a rotor position encoder is necessary. This can be avoided if an extended Kalman filter is used which reconstructs the state variables by only measuring the phase voltages and currents. This filter requires a detailed mathematical model of the stepper motor. In order to consider the influence of the load torque, an additional disturbance model is introduced into the filter. The Kalman filter is implemented in a completely digital field oriented state control. Experimental results confirm that this four-quadrant sensorless drive covers a wide range of speeds, reaching nearly standstill if a field generating current is impressed at low speeds.
Nitrogen derivatives (secondary and tertiary amines, quaternary salts, diamines, imidazolines) (1979)

Abstract A discussion of these five nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids is given in regards to the chemistry of their production and some of the reaction conditions. Also covered are some of the applications and properties of these derivatives.
Roading implications of the town and country planning act (1961)

The paper sets out to show that the roading system is not merely a vital utility serving vastly increasing numbers of motor vehicles but is fast becoming the dominant influence in shaping the patterns of community life. Against this background the Town and Country Planning Act is shown to call for much more strategic planning in the field of reading than has been undertaken to date.
Effect of Inclination Angle in Heat Pipe Performance Using Copper Nanofluid (2012)

An experiment was carried out to study the thermal efficiency enhancement of the heat pipe using copper nanofluid as the working fluid. The copper nanoparticles are uniformly suspended with the de-ionized water using ultrasonic homogenizer to prepare the copper nanofluid. The average particle size of the copper is 40 nm and the concentration of copper nanoparticle in the nanofluid is 100 mg/lit. The study discusses about the effect of heat pipe inclination, type of working fluid and heat input on the thermal efficiency and thermal resistance. The experimental results are evaluated in terms of its performance metrics and are compared with that of DI water.
WEAK BI-IDEALS OF NEAR-RINGS (2007)

The notion of bi-ideals in near-rings was effectively used to characterize the near-fields. Using this notion, various generalizations of regularity conditions have been studied. In this paper, we generalize further the notion of bi-ideals and introduce the notion of weak bi-ideals in near-rings and obtain various characterizations using the same in left self distributive near-rings.
The permeability of red blood cells to chloride, urea, and water (2013)

This study extends permeability (P) data on chloride, urea and water in red blood cells (RBC), and concludes that the urea transporter (UT-B) does not transport water. P of chick, duck, Amphiuma means, dog and human RBC to (36)Cl(-), (14)C-urea and (3)H2O was determined under self-exchange conditions. At 25°C and pH 7.2-7.5, PCl is 0.94 × 10(-4)-2.15 × 10(-4) cm s(-1) for all RBC species at [Cl]=127-150 mmol l(-1). In chick and duck RBC, P(urea) is 0.84 × 10(-6) and 1.65 × 10(-6) cm s(-1), respectively, at [urea]=1-500 mmol l(-1). In Amphiuma, dog and human RBC, P(urea) is concentration dependent (1-1000 mmol l(-1), Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics; K1/2;=127, 173 and 345 mmol l(-1)), and values at [urea]=1 mmol l(-1) are 29.5 × 10(-6), 467 × 10(-6) and 260 × 10(-6) cm s(-1), respectively. Diffusional water permeability, Pd, was 0.84 × 10(-3) (chick), 5.95 × 10(-3) (duck), 0.39 × 10(-3) (Amphiuma), 3.13 × 10(-3) (dog) and 2.35 × 10(-3) cm s(-1) (human). DIDS, DNDS and phloretin inhibit PCl by >99% in all RBC species. PCMBS, PCMB and phloretin inhibit P(urea) by >99% in Amphiuma, dog and human RBC, but not in chick and duck RBC. PCMBS and PCMB inhibit Pd in duck, dog and human RBC, but not in chick and Amphiuma RBC. Temperature dependence, as measured by apparent activation energy, EA, of PCl is 117.8 (duck), 74.9 (Amphiuma) and 89.6 kJ mol(-1) (dog). The EA of P(urea) is 69.6 (duck) and 53.3 kJ mol(-1) (Amphiuma), and that of Pd is 34.9 (duck) and 32.1 kJ mol(-1) (Amphiuma). The present and previous RBC studies indicate that anion (AE1), urea (UT-B) and water (AQP1) transporters only transport chloride (all species), water (duck, dog, human) and urea (Amphiuma, dog, human), respectively. Water does not share UT-B with urea, and the solute transport is not coupled under physiological conditions.
The Novartis view on emerging drugs and novel targets for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease characterized by airflow limitation and chronic inflammation in the lungs. The mainstay of drug therapy for COPD is represented by long-acting bronchodilators, an important aspect of Novartis' development program. Novel once-daily dosing bronchodilators, such as the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) glycopyrronium and the LAMA/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) fixed-dose combination QVA149, have been shown to provide significant benefits to patients with COPD in terms of improvement in lung function, exercise tolerance, health-related quality of life, symptoms and reduction in the rate of exacerbations. Despite the benefits provided by these new treatment options, prevention of disease progression and control of exacerbations in certain patient phenotypes remain key challenges in the treatment of COPD. In order to address these needs and gain new insights into the complexity of COPD, Novartis is, in addition to bronchodilator-only therapies, developing LABA/inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combinations to target inflammation, such as QMF149, as well as non-steroid based anti-inflammatory agents against key novel targets. These commitments are central to the Novartis' final goal of improving the standard of care in respiratory medicine and offering a better quality of life to patients with COPD.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of cis‐Fused Carbobicycles via Combination of Claisen Rearrangement of Macrolactone and Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Human Hemoglobins in Health and Disease (1955)

Fetal Hemoglobin in Normal and Pathologic ConditionsAlthough fetal hemoglobin has been recognized since 186619 its occurrence in normal and pathologic states has been extensively investigated only during the past few years.20,30,73,114, 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Hgb F appears at the time red cells are first developed in the fetus and is probably the only type of blood pigment present until Hgb A production starts at about the fifth or sixth intrauterine month. At birth 55 to 85 per cent of the hemoglobin is in the embryonic form, after which there is a rapid decrease to normal adult levels120 (Fig. 6). Contrary to numerous . . .
Higher dose of palonosetron versus lower dose of palonosetron plus droperidol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after eye enucleation and orbital hydroxyapatite implant surgery: a randomized, double-blind trial (2017)

Combining low-dose palonosetron with droperidol potentiated prophylaxis for PONV and achieved a similar prophylactic effect as that with a higher dose of palonosetron.
Radiochemistry of the fission products (1989)

This chronicle is restricted to the work of the Chicago, Oak Ridge, and Los Alamos groups, a collection of bright and eager young chemists, stimulated by the excitement and importance of a new field of investigations and by the inimitable personal warmth and inspiration of Charles Coryell.
Hydrogen storage and purification systems. II. August 1972-June 1974 (1974)

Pressure-composition isotherms are given for the following systems: FeTi-H/sub 2/ (0, 30, 40, 55, 70/sup 0/C); Fe/sub 0/ /sub 95/V/sub 0/ /sub 05/Ti/sub 1/ /sub 0/-H/sub 2/ (40/sup 0/C); Fe/sub 1/ /sub 0/Cu/sub 0/ /sub 1/Ti/sub 1/ /sub 0/-H/sub 2/ (40/sup 0/C); Fe/sub 0/ /sub 9/Mo/sub 0/ /sub 1/Ti-H/sub 2/ (40/sup 0/C); two (Fe, Cr, Ti)-H/sub 2/ (40/sup 0/C); three (Fe, Mn, Ti)-H/sub 2/ (40, 70/sup 0/C); Fe/sub 0/ /sub 8/Mn/sub 0/ /sub 2/Ti-H/sub 2/ (61/sup 0/C); Fe/sub 0/ /sub 9/Mn/sub 0/ /sub 1/Ti/sub 1/ /sub 0/-H/sub 2/ (30, 40, 50/sup 0/C); CoTi-H/sub 2/ (123, 138, 154/sup 0/C); Mg/sub 2/Al/sub 3/-H/sub 2/ (302, 326/sup 0/C); LaNi/sub 5/-H/sub 2/ (40/sup 0/C); and La/sub 4/ /sub 75/Pt/sub 0/ /sub 25/-H/sub 2/ (40/sup 0/C).
The Extraction and Classification of Dyes on Single Nylon, Polyacrylonitrile and Polyester Fibres (1979)

A simple sequential scheme is developed for the efficient removal and classification of dyes from 1–cm to 2–cm lengths of nylon, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibres.
Polymorphism for Imperative Languages without Imperative Types (1993)

The simple and elegant Hindley/Milner polymorphic type discipline is the basis of the type system of Standard ML, but ML&apos;s imperative features are a blight on this otherwise clean landscape. Polymorphism and imperative features cannot freely coexist without compromising type safety, hence Standard ML assigns imperative types of limited polymorphism to procedures that use references, exceptions, or continuations. Several other solutions exist, but all introduce new kinds of types that complicate the type system, contaminate module signatures, and violate abstraction by revealing the pure or imperative nature of a procedure in its type. We propose a seemingly radical alternative: by restricting polymorphism to values, imperative procedures have the same types as their behaviorally equivalent functional counterparts. Although the resulting type system does not accept all expressions typable in the purely functional sublanguage, this limitation is seldom encountered in practice. The vast m...
Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex Evoked by High-Acceleration Rotations in the Squirrel Monkey. I. Normal Responses (1999)

The horizontal angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) evoked by high-frequency, high-acceleration rotations was studied in five squirrel monkeys with intact vestibular function. The VOR evoked by steps of acceleration in darkness (3,000 degrees /s(2) reaching a velocity of 150 degrees /s) began after a latency of 7.3 +/- 1.5 ms (mean +/- SD). Gain of the reflex during the acceleration was 14.2 +/- 5.2% greater than that measured once the plateau head velocity had been reached. A polynomial regression was used to analyze the trajectory of the responses to steps of acceleration. A better representation of the data was obtained from a polynomial that included a cubic term in contrast to an exclusively linear fit. For sinusoidal rotations of 0.5-15 Hz with a peak velocity of 20 degrees /s, the VOR gain measured 0.83 +/- 0.06 and did not vary across frequencies or animals. The phase of these responses was close to compensatory except at 15 Hz where a lag of 5.0 +/- 0.9 degrees was noted. The VOR gain did not vary with head velocity at 0.5 Hz but increased with velocity for rotations at frequencies of >/=4 Hz (0. 85 +/- 0.04 at 4 Hz, 20 degrees /s; 1.01 +/- 0.05 at 100 degrees /s, P < 0.0001). No responses to these rotations were noted in two animals that had undergone bilateral labyrinthectomy indicating that inertia of the eye had a negligible effect for these stimuli. We developed a mathematical model of VOR dynamics to account for these findings. The inputs to the reflex come from linear and nonlinear pathways. The linear pathway is responsible for the constant gain across frequencies at peak head velocity of 20 degrees /s and also for the phase lag at higher frequencies being less than that expected based on the reflex delay. The frequency- and velocity-dependent nonlinearity in VOR gain is accounted for by the dynamics of the nonlinear pathway. A transfer function that increases the gain of this pathway with frequency and a term related to the third power of head velocity are used to represent the dynamics of this pathway. This model accounts for the experimental findings and provides a method for interpreting responses to these stimuli after vestibular lesions.
Metabolic Issues Associated With Protease Inhibitors (2007)

Metabolic changes characteristically observed with HIV infection include low total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and elevated triglycerides. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may increase HDL but may also elevate low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides as well as contribute to insulin resistance and morphologic changes (ie, visceral, breast, local fat accumulation, subcutaneous fat loss). This may result in a risk of cardiovascular disease substantially higher than among age- and sex-matched individuals in the general population. Cardiovascular risk calculators, such as the Framingham calculators, may underestimate risk in the setting of HIV and therapy. The degree of cardiovascular and metabolic risk can be managed with diet and lifestyle interventions and lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy, as in the general population. In addition, drug selection and treatment switching to agents with less impact on metabolic effects can reduce metabolic risk in HIV-positive individuals receiving ART.
Priced Timed Petri Nets Based Resource Allocation Strategy for Fog Computing (2016)

This paper proposes a resource allocation strategy for fog computing based on Priced Timed Petri nets (PTPN), by which the user can choose the satisfied resources autonomously from a group of pre-allocated resources according to the price cost and time cost of task. We construct the PTPN models of tasks in fog computing in accordance with the features of fog resources. The algorithm of predicting task completion time and price is presented. In particular, we give the fog resources dynamic allocation algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can achieve the higher efficiency.
<title>Data fusion of SPOT and Landsat images using additive multiresolution wavelet decomposition</title> (1998)

In this paper we present the development of a technique, based on multiresolution wavelet decomposition, for the merging and data fusion of a high-resolution panchromatic image and a low- resolution multispectral image. The method presented here consists of adding the wavelet coefficients of the high- resolution image to the multispectral (low-resolution) data. We have studied several possibilities concluding that the method which produces the best results consists in adding the high order coefficients of the wavelet transform of the panchromatic image to the intensity component (defined as L equals R+G+B/3) of the multispectral image. Using this method, the detail information from both images is preserved. The method is capable of enhancing the spatial quality of the multispectral image while preserving its spectral content to a greater extent. The method presented does not modify the total energy of the multispectral image, since the mean value of each of the added wavelet planes is 0. The method is, thus, an improvement on standard Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS or LHS) mergers. We used the method to merge SPOT and LANDSAT (TM) images. The technique presented is clearly better than the IHS and LHS mergers in preserving both spectral and spatial information.
Errors, limitations, and pitfalls in the diagnosis of central and peripheral nervous system lesions in intraoperative cytology and frozen sections (2016)

Crush smear and frozen section are complimentary procedures. When both are used together, the diagnostic yield is substantially increased.