gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UAVs’ autonomous collision avoidance in urban space (2018)

Small UAVs are seeking wide usage in urban space for its advantageous performance. However, there are crowded with static and dynamic buildings, causing serious challenges for UAVs’ safety. This paper proposes a novel autonomous collision avoidance method based on time-obstacle dynamic map. First, the state estimation and trajectory prediction are performed based on extended Kalman filtering. Second, the time-obstacle dynamic map is constructed via introducing time axis. Third, the flyable paths are searched on the basis of breadth first approach and then the optimal path can be obtained through A-Star algorithm. Finally, the simulation results have shown that the proposed collision avoidance method can avoid immobile building and moving obstacles, and making a safe path for UAVs in urban space
HRT and osteoporosis (1992)

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fragility fracture, particularly in the femoral neck, vertebrae and radius. These fractures constitute a major public health problem in the Western world; the estimated annual cost to the health services of hip fracture alone is over 500 million pounds in the United Kingdom. Using population-based data from the USA, Cummings et al. have estimated that the lifetime risks of hip, vertebral and Colles' fractures in a 50 year old, white, postmenopausal woman are 16%, 32% and 15% respectively. Of these, vertebral fractures probably cause the most significant morbidity, since they occur at a younger age than hip fractures and may result in pain, deformity and disability for many years until death intervenes from other causes. Hip fractures occur most commonly in the eight and ninth decades of life and have a mortality at six months of around 15%, increased dependency occurring in the majority of survivors. Colles' fractures, although not usually associated with long-term morbidity, nevertheless cause considerable inconvenience and require hospital treatment.
Easy Fabrication and Resistivity-Temperature Behavior of an Anisotropically Conductive Carbon Nanotube−Polymer Composite (2009)

An easy fabrication method comprising a slit die extrusion-hot stretch-quench process was used to make carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled with anisotropically conductive polymer composite (ACPC). CNTs were first premixed with polycarbonate (PC) by coagulation and then melt mixed with polyethylene (PE). During extrusion, the CNT/PC/PE composite was subjected to hot stretching to make the CNT/PC phase form in situ an oriented conductive fibril assembly in the PE matrix. Finally the aligned CNT/PC short fibrils were quenched to preserve their structure. The resultant CNT/PC/PE composite exhibited strong anisotropy in conductivity. This method has the advantages of giving a highly oriented structure with good control of electrical anisotropy as well as the ability to be fabricated in a high rate manner. Temperature-resistivity behavior was investigated by observing the resistivity during isothermal treatment (IT) as well as nonisothermal treatment (NIT). Percolation behavior was seen in the isolated direction during the first IT at 180 degrees C. This was a result of a disordering-induced conductive network. In addition, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect attenuated with IT duration. This was seen in contrast to the remaining negative temperature coefficient (NTC). The unique evolution of PTC and NTC effects originated from the ACPC's special conductive network. It can be seen that this is composed of the originally connected "intrinsic pathway" and isolated "potential pathway".
L’empagliflozine (Jardiance ®), un nouvel hypoglycémiant dans le traitement du diabète de type 2, diminue aussi le risque cardiovasculaire : analyse d’une étude princeps (2015)

Le diabète de type 2 fait le lit d’une palette de complications cardiovasculaires. Leur prévention repose sur la maitrise glycémique et celle des autres facteurs de risque. Très récemment, un traitement de l’hyperglycémie chronique par empagliflozine (Jardiance ®) a été associé à une plus-value significative en termes de cardioprotection. C’est ce que vient de démontrer une étude (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) : sous empagliflozine (10-25 mg/j), en ajout au traitement hypoglycémiant antérieur, les auteurs constatent, dans une cohorte de sujets à antécédents cardiovasculaires, par rapport à un placebo, une réduction significative (au cours d’un suivi de 3.1 an) du critère d’évaluation primaire (décès cardiovasculaire ; infarctus ou accident vasculaire non fatal) avec un HR (Hazard Ratio) de 0.86 (95.02 % CI :0.74-0.89) (p=0.04). Ces patients bénéficiaient déjà à l’inclusion de l’étude d’un traitement très adéquat des autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires, comme l’hypertension et la dyslipidémie. Les auteurs rapportent également une réduction importante des décès d’origine cardiovasculaire (-38 %, p<0.001), de la mortalité globale (-32 %, p<0.001) et des hospitalisations pour décompensation cardiaque (-35 %, p=0.002). L’effet secondaire principal est une augmentation des infections génitales. Sachant cette vertu de cardioprotection, l’empagliflozine occupe désormais une place privilégiée dans une approche thérapeutique réfléchie des diabétiques de type 2 à haut risque
The Influence of Applied Stress and Surface Finish on the Pitting Susceptibility of Low Alloy Turbine Disk Steels in Wet Steam (1984)

The effects of applied tensile and compressive stresses and surface finish on the pitting susceptibility, and hence stress corrosion crack initiation, of 34CrNiMo6 and 26NiCrMoV145 steam turbine disk steels were studied. In an attempt to simulate actual conditions, all tests were conducted in an aerated wet steam environment. Four-point bend specimens were used in the study, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine any pits and cracks found in the specimens. It was found that 34CrNiMo6 is more susceptible to pitting than 26NiCrMoV145, that testing time influences the degree of pitting on differently machined surfaces, and that pitting susceptibility increases with increasing applied tensile stress.
Hepatitis B virus core antigen determines viral persistence in a C57BL/6 mouse model (2010)

We recently developed a mouse model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence, in which a single i.v. hydrodynamic injection of HBV DNA to C57BL/6 mice allows HBV replication and induces a partial immune response, so that about 20-30% of the mice carry HBV for more than 6 months. The model was used to identify the viral antigen crucial for HBV persistence. We knocked out individual HBV genes by introducing a premature termination codon to the HBV core, HBeAg, HBx, and polymerase ORFs. The specific-gene-deficient HBV mutants were hydrodynamically injected into mice and the HBV profiles of the mice were monitored. About 90% of the mice that received the HBcAg-mutated HBV plasmid exhibited high levels of hepatitis B surface antigenemia and maintained HBsAg expression for more than 6 months after injection. To map the region of HBcAg essential for viral clearance, we constructed a set of serial HBcAg deletion mutants for hydrodynamic injection. We localized the essential region of HBcAg to the carboxyl terminus, specifically to the 10 terminal amino acids (HBcAg176-185). The majority of mice receiving this HBV mutant DNA did not elicit a proper HBcAg-specific IFN-gamma response and expressed HBV virions for 6 months. These results indicate that the immune response triggered in mice by HBcAg during exposure to HBV is important in determining HBV persistence.
Power system small-disturbance stability analysis using circuit-theoretic techniques (2003)

The authors review power system small-disturbance (SD) stability using circuit theoretic techniques. SD stability is the stability of an equilibrium operating point under small perturbations such as load fluctuations. Different system models are considered for frequency and for voltage problems. The SD stability analysis is usually performed via linearization of the system equations around the equilibrium of interest. An equilibrium is SD stable if all eigenvalues of the corresponding Jacobian matrix lie in the open left half plane. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for SD stability are often obtained through positive-definiteness and M-matrix properties of a certain matrix. These properties are derived from the node admittance matrix of a network of positive resistances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of backbone structures of glucose isomerase from <i>Streptomyces</i> and <i>Arthrobacter</i> (1987)

The C alpha backbones of the glucose isomerase molecules of Streptomyces rubiginosus and Arthrobacter have been determined by X-ray crystallography and compared. Each molecule is a tetramer of eight-stranded alpha/beta barrels, and the mode of association of the tetramers is identical in each case. The Arthrobacter electron density shows four additional amino acids at the carboxyl terminus. There is also an insertion of six amino acids at position 277, and two individual insertions at about positions 348 and 357 (numbering according to the Streptomyces structure). There is a close structural homology throughout the whole molecule, which is most accurate up to position 325. The r.m.s. displacement for 315 homologous C alpha positions up to this position is 0.92 A.
Study of a Commercial Liquid Smoke Flavoring by Means of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of a Commercial Liquid Smoke Flavoring by Means of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyMaria D. Guillen, Maria J. Manzanos, and Lourdes ZabalaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 2, 463–468Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00050a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00050a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views622Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compliant-layer tibial bearing inserts: Friction testing of different materials and designs for a new generation of prostheses that mimic the natural joint (2008)

Total joint replacements (TJRs) have a limited lifetime, but the introduction of devices that exhibit good lubricating properties with low friction and low wear could well extend this. A novel tibial bearing design, using polyurethane (PU) as a compliant layer, to mimic the natural joint, has been developed. To determine accurately the mode of lubrication under which these joints operate, a synthetic lubricant was used in all these tests. Friction tests were carried out to assess the effects of material modulus and surface roughness, together with bearing design parameters such as bearing thickness and conformity, on lubrication. Corethane 80A was the preferred material and was chosen as the compliant layer for subsequent testing. A low surface roughness resulted in lower asperity contact as the asperities were depressed by the pressurized entraining fluid and full-fluid-film lubrication was approached. The three different tibial bearing conformities (low, medium, and high) did not appear to influence the mode of lubrication and all these bearings performed with extremely low friction. Similarly, the bearing thickness effects on lubrication at the levels tested (2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm) were minimal, although the effects of layer thickness on interface shear stress could be expected to be significant. This study describes a series of friction tests that have been used to select the most appropriate material and to optimize the design parameters to establish optimum conditions for these compliant layer joints.
Growth of Buried Oxide Layers of Silicon‐on‐Insulator Structures by Thermal Oxidation of the Top Silicon Layer (1997)

We have investigated the thickness increase of buried oxide layers in silicon‐on‐insulator structures by thermal oxidation of the top silicon layer. A thermodynamic model is derived based on the experimental observation that oxidation introduces an oxygen concentration into silicon which is above its solubility limit. Experiments on buried oxide growth by thermal oxidation of the top silicon layer were performed with specially designed bond‐and‐etchback silicon‐on‐insulator structures in the temperature range between 1100 and 1200°C. The results obtained are compared to the thermodynamic model and to data from other growth experiments. The different buried oxide growth rates observed for different types of silicon‐on‐insulator material are discussed in terms of different silicon self‐interstitial supersaturations which are induced in the top silicon layer during oxidation.
Push Technique Based Certificate Revocation Model for Mobile Devices (2011)

Mobile technologies are advancing towards data related services which demands security as priority in providing the services. Wireless Public Key infrastructure has been evolved by Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) to adapt to the resource constrained environment. Digital Certificates are the core in such data related services. Certificate revocation is an integral part in providing security to the services. Certificate revocation has been classified by the way of distributing status information into push and pull techniques. This paper proposes a certificate revocation model for the mobile scenarios based on the push technique. The proposed model is illustrated through a case study.
<i>R</i><sub>free</sub>and the<i>R</i><sub>free</sub>Ratio. I. Derivation of Expected Values of Cross-Validation Residuals Used in Macromolecular Least-Squares Refinement (1998)

The last five years have seen a large increase in the use of cross validation in the refinement of macromolecular structures using X-ray data. In this technique a test set of reflections is set aside from the working set and the progress of the refinement is monitored by the calculation of a free R factor which is based only on the excluded reflections. This paper gives estimates for the ratio of the free R factor to the R factor calculated from the working set for both unrestrained and restrained refinement. It is assumed that both the X-ray and restraint observations have been weighted correctly and that there is no correlation of errors between the test and working sets. It is also shown that the least-squares weights that minimize the variances of the refined parameters, also approximately minimize the free R factor. The estimated free R-factor ratios are compared with those reported for structures in the Protein Data Bank.
Holding the State to Account through Citizen Report Cards in India (2004)

When a government is indifferent, the initiative for change must come from civil society. Citizens who elect and pay for governments cannot and should not remain quiet when essential services are in disarray and public accountability is lacking. It was against this background that a small of citizens launched a citizen report card (CRC) on public services in Bangalore, a large city in Southern India in 1994. A CRC represents an assessment of public services of the city from the perspective of its citizens. The latter are the users of these services and can provide useful feedback on the quality, efficiency, and adequacy of the services and the problems they face in their interactions with service providers. When there are different service providers, it is possible to compare their ratings across services. The resultant pattern of ratings (based on public satisfaction) is then converted into a report card on the city's services. A citizen report card on public services is not just one more opinion poll. Report cards reflect the actual experience of people with a wide range of public services. The survey on which a report card is based covers only those who have had experiences in the use of specific services and interactions with the relevant public agencies, or other aspects of public services. Users possess fairly accurate information, for example, on whether a public agency actually solved their problems or whether they had to pay bribes to officials. Of course, errors of recall cannot be ruled out. But the large numbers of responses that sample surveys generate lend credibility to the findings.
RSSI-Based Bluetooth Indoor Localization (2015)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been widely used to determine the location for a variety of different applications. However, it doesn't work well in indoor environments because it requires the line of sight to the satellites and therefore stops working when the line of sight is not available. High-precision indoor localization is critical to many personal and business applications. After Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), an energy-efficient version of Bluetooth, is widely deployed, Bluetooth-based indoor localization turns out to be a practical method to locate Bluetooth-enabled devices due to its low battery cost. In this paper, we present two novel BLE-based localization schemes, Low-precision Indoor Localization (LIL) and High-precision Indoor Localization (HIL). Different than most of the existing localization methods that attempt to find the specific location of the object under investigation, LIL and HIL utilize the collected RSSI measurements to generate a small region in which the object is guaranteed to be found. Compared with LIL, HIL leads to smaller localization regions. However, HIL requires an extra data-training phase.
Introduction (1999)

Journal Article Introduction Get access Anon Anon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Literary and Linguistic Computing, Volume 14, Issue 1, April 1999, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/14.1.3 Published: 01 April 1999
Simulation of polymer dynamics. I. General theory (1978)

Methods are presented for the simulation of conformational relaxation processes in polymer chains. The chains interact with the solvent through frictional and Langevin forces, have constrained bond lengths and angles, and smooth rotational energy functions. Relationships are obtained between the stochastic difference equations that form the basis for computer simulation, and equivalent Langevin differential equations and Smoluchowski diffusion equations. The presence of constraints and the associated action of potential forces and Langevin forces on the same time scale leads to somewhat intricate algorithms and correction terms. However, the time increment during a simulation step can be increased by a factor of 1000 or more over what is required if vibrational potentials are used to preserve the primary chain structure. Computation time is proportional to chain length in the absence of hydrodynamic interaction and excluded volume forces.
Journalism, media and technology predictions 2016 (2016)

This year’s key developments will centre on online video, mobile apps and further moves towards distributed content. Mounting problems around online display advertising will lead to a burst of innovation around journalism business models.
Mechanical high-vacuum pumps with an oil-free swept volume (1987)

In both corrosive and clean duties the widely used oil lubricated rotary pump has certain disadvantages. In corrosive applications aggressive vapors and/or abrasive particles tend to contaminate the lubricant of the pump, which shortens its service life, while in clean applications the lubricant may cause contamination of the vacuum process. To overcome these problems a new multistage pump has been developed to work from atmospheric pressure to 0.01 mbar without any lubricant within its pumping chamber. The pump is a multistage positive displacement rotary machine in which a number of intermeshing rotor pairs of different profiles mounted on common shafts are held in correct phase relation without contact by a pair of timing gears. The construction is robust designed for industrial as well as for clean vacuum processes which can benefit by the exclusion of lubricant, sealing, or working fluid from the swept volume of the pump. Handling of condensable vapors or dust laden gas is assisted by gas ballast and versatile orientation of pump mounting. Pump sizes of 80 and 180 m3 h−1 displacement have been developed. The paper explains the reasoning that led to the choice of different mechanisms which have been combined in the pump, its performance and construction.
The liquid phase epitaxy of Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As for monolithic planar structures (1971)

The most promising electroluminescent materials used for visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) are GaAsP, GaAlAs, GaP, and GaAs with phosphors. Presently, GaAsP, which is prepared by vapor phase epitaxy, is the only material which has found widespread commercial use. In this work an effort was made to explore the feasibility of fabricating planar monolithic GaAlAs LED arrays prepared by the liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) process. In order to accomplish this objective the LPE process was developed so that epitaxial layers of uniform thickness and essentially constant composition with smooth photoprocessable surfaces could be reproducibly grown at a reasonable cost. Through the use of special fixturing and proper adjustment of thermal gradients during the LPE growth, epitaxial layers of suitable quality were produced which were used to fabricate planar monolithic structures. A description will be given the preparation and processing of these structures. The electrical properties of the GaAlAs epitaxial layers and the electrical and optical characteristics of the planar monolithic structures fabricated will be discussed. The LPE process which has evolved in the growth of GaAlAs layers also has applicability for the LPE growth of GaP or amphoteric doped GaAs both of which have produced high efficiency LEDs so far by the LPE process only.
Synthesis of isotopically labelled compounds at Schering‐Plough, an historical perspective (2007)

Abstract The use of isotopically labelled compounds at Schering‐Plough (S‐P) has substantially increased over the past 30 years. Since the formation of the S‐P Radiochemistry section in the early 1970s, the group has expanded its role from supplying 14 C‐ and 3 H‐labelled compounds for ADME studies for compounds in development, to providing 3 H‐labelled compounds for drug discovery and also to provide stable isotope‐labelled compounds that are used as LC/MS internal standards. Other isotopes used by the group have included 125 I and 35 S, which have been used to label both small molecules and proteins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.