gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Aldol Addition Reactions of a Chiral Methyl Ketone Trichlorosilyl Enolate under Lewis Base Catalysis (2001)

The trichlorosilyl enolate of a chiral methyl ketone bearing an oxygen substituent (OTBS) on the β-position undergoes highly diastereoselective aldol addition to a variety of achiral aldehydes in good yield. The stereochemical course of the reaction is primarily controlled by the configuration of the chiral phosphoramide which serves as an effective catalyst for this transformation.
DESORPTION OF OXIDES AT THE SURFACES OF SYNTHETIC GRAPHITES (1961)

The decomposition of surface oxides formed on artificial graphite during combustion at low oxygen pressure (less than 10/sup -1/ mm of Hg) was studied under various experimental conditions. By progressive elevation of the temperatures to 950 deg C, the volatilization of most of the surface oxides is caused. The calculation made from the quantity of gas collected shows that these oxides cover only about 1/20 of the total surface of the graphite sample. Because of the high sensitivity of the experimental method, the desorption of the surface oxides can be followed at the combustion temperature after evacuation of all the oxygen from the apparatus. At a certain stage during the static desorption, CO and CO/sub 2/ are collected in a ratio equal to the coefficient of the relationship found between the formation velocities of CO and CO/sub 2/ during combustion. The total quantities desorbed (either as CO or CO/sub 2/) as a function of time obey the Elovich law. These results, as well as other observations, have led to the suggestion of a mechanism for the combustion of graphite where the formations of CO and CO/sub 2/ are not independent. (tr-auth)
Total synthesis of both (+)-compactin and (+)-mevinolin. A general strategy based on the use of a special TiCl3/C8K mixture for dicarbonyl coupling (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of both (+)-compactin and (+)-mevinolin. A general strategy based on the use of a special TiCl3/C8K mixture for dicarbonyl couplingDerrick L. J. Clive, K. S. Keshava. Murthy, Andrew G. H. Wee, J. Siva. Prasad, Gil V. J. Da Silva, Marek. Majewski, Paul C. Anderson, Richard D. Haugen, and Louis D. HeerzeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 20, 6914–6916Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00228a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00228a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views880Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
NMR studies of echinomycin bisintercalation complexes with d(A1-C2-G3-T4) and d(T1-C2-G3-A4) duplexes in aqueous solution: sequence-dependent formation of Hoogsteen A1.cntdot.T4 and Watson-Crick T1.cntdot.A4 base pairs flanking the bisintercalation site (1988)

We report on two-dimensional proton NMR studies of echinomycin complexes with the self-complementary d(A1-C2-G3-T4) and d(T1-C2-G3-A4) duplexes in aqueous solution. The exchangeable and nonexchangeable antibiotic and nucleic acid protons in the 1 echinomycin per tetranucleotide duplex complexes have been assigned from analyses of scalar coupling and distance connectivities in two-dimensional data sets recorded in H2O and D2O solution. An analysis of the intermolecular NOE patterns for both complexes combined with large upfield imino proton and large downfield phosphorus complexation chemical shift changes demonstrates that the two quinoxaline chromophores of echinomycin bisintercalate into the minor groove surrounding the dC-dG step of each tetranucleotide duplex. Further, the quinoxaline rings selectively stack between A1 and C2 bases in the d(ACGT) complex and between T1 and C2 bases in the d(TCGA) complex. The intermolecular NOE patterns and the base and sugar proton chemical shifts for residues C2 and G3 are virtually identical for the d(ACGT) and d(TCGA) complexes. A change in sugar pucker from the C2'-endo range to the C3'-endo range is detected at C2 on formation of the d(ACGT) and d(TCGA) complexes. In addition, the sugar ring protons of C2 exhibit upfield shifts and a large 1 ppm separation between the H2' and H2" protons for both complexes. The L-Ala amide protons undergo large downfield complexation shifts consistent with their participation in intermolecular hydrogen bonds for both tetranucleotide complexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Spirolactones by Diastereoisomeric Differentiation of a Collective Key Precursor. (2016)

Abstract A method is developed which renders possible an easy and efficient access to title compounds with 5/5/5‐ and 5/5/6/‐ring systems as substructures of biologically active substances.
The effect of coating of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/silica core/shell nanoparticles on T<sub>2</sub>relaxation time at 9.4 T (2011)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that provides superior soft tissue contrast is commonly used for diagnosis of many diseases. However specificity of MRI cancer diagnosis can be further increased by application of target contrast agents comprising superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised with biological objects, which deliver the contrast to the specific cancer cells. These superparamagnetic NPs shorten T 2 relaxation time thus change contrast to noise ratio for tumor tissues. Therefore the impact of Fe 3 O 4 size and silica coating for Fe 3 O 4 /silica core/shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) on T 2  relaxation time was studied at 9.4 T. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed using homogenous agar solution of NPs. Naked Fe 3 O 4 NPs with a mean core diameter of 10.0 ± 1.3 (mean  ± SD), 15.0 ± 2.5 and 20.0 ± 0.9 nm were analyzed. Silica coated Fe 3 O 4 NPs with core size of 10.0 ± 1.3 nm and the shell thickness of 16.7 ± 1.8, 25.3 ± 2.7 and 33.9 ± 4.0 nm were also investigated. The T 2 values of agar solutions with different NPs were calculated using a single slice multi echo method and single exponential fitting of the echo train. The measurements showed linear correlation between T 2 and Fe 3 O 4 core diameter as well as shell thickness. Silica coating, while improving functionalization and potentially reducing toxicity of NPs, decreases the impact of the magnetic core on T 2 , thus decreasing MRI contrast efficacy.
Phosphated Milk Adversely Affects Growth, Cellular Morphology, and Fermentative Ability of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1984)

The influence of phosphates upon acid production, growth, and cellular morphology of two strains of Lactobacillus buIgaricus was examined. Prior growth of these organisms in milk containing 1 to 2% phosphate or commercial phage inhibitory medium diminished acid production upon transfer to 11% nonfat milk solids. Decreased acid production was a consequence of growth inhibition by the presence of 1 to 2% phosphate in milk. Concomitant with growth inhibition, the cellular morphology of both L. bulgaricus 1243-F and 1489 was altered by propagation in milk containing 2 to 3% phosphate or commercial phage inhibitory medium. These organisms, which existed as short bacilloid rods when grown in 11% nonfat milk solids, grew as long chains of connected cells when cultivated in media containing phosphates. This alteration of cellular morphology was not reversed by one transfer through 11% nonfat milk solids, and curd formation by cells previously propagated through phosphated milk was affected adversely. The poor growth and alteration of cellular morphology by these organisms when propagated in phosphated milk directly reflect their requirement for calcium, manganese, and magnesium for proper growth and cell assembly.
Peptidergic innervation and endocrine cells of insect midgut (1993)

Abstract Antibody against FMRFamide reacts with the stomatogastric innervation and with the midgut endocrine cells in the representatives of most insect orders. The innervation was not revealed in Homoptera, Heteroptera, and Hymenoptera, and the endocrine cells were not recognized in aphids. Other insects exhibited FMRF‐amide positive endocrine cells of both open and closed types. The cells are mostly single, rarely grouped, and are distributed unequally in different midgut regions; some of the cells project cytoplasmic extensions indicative of a paracrine function. Investigations on Galleria revealed that the gut innervation persists during midgut reconstruction in the course of metamorphosis. The endocrine cells are sloughed off into the new gut lumen, but there they maintain their antigenic properties until a new population of endocrine cells becomes detectable. Antisera to most mammalian gastroenteropancreatic peptides react specifically with the innervation and/or the endocrine cells of insect midgut; only antisera to bombesin, neurotensin, secretin, motilin, and insulin failed to react. All insects seem to contain antigens that can be detected with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide, FMRFamide, enkephalins, and vasopressins. Stomatogastric innervation and the endocrine cells of some lepidopterans also possess allatotropinand diuretic hormone‐like antigens; stomatogastric ganglia, in particular, a prothoracicotropic hormone‐like antigen. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broad Conservation of Milk Utilization Genes in<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>subsp.<i>infantis</i>as Revealed by Comparative Genomic Hybridization (2010)

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third-largest solid component of milk. Their structural complexity renders them nondigestible to the host but liable to hydrolytic enzymes of the infant colonic microbiota. Bifidobacteria and, frequently, Bifidobacterium longum strains predominate the colonic microbiota of exclusively breast-fed infants. Among the three recognized subspecies of B. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis achieves high levels of cell growth on HMOs and is associated with early colonization of the infant gut. The B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 genome features five distinct gene clusters with the predicted capacity to bind, cleave, and import milk oligosaccharides. Comparative genomic hybridizations (CGHs) were used to associate genotypic biomarkers among 15 B. longum strains exhibiting various HMO utilization phenotypes and host associations. Multilocus sequence typing provided taxonomic subspecies designations and grouped the strains between B. longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum. CGH analysis determined that HMO utilization gene regions are exclusively conserved across all B. longum subsp. infantis strains capable of growth on HMOs and have diverged in B. longum subsp. longum strains that cannot grow on HMOs. These regions contain fucosidases, sialidases, glycosyl hydrolases, ABC transporters, and family 1 solute binding proteins and are likely needed for efficient metabolism of HMOs. Urea metabolism genes and their activity were exclusively conserved in B. longum subsp. infantis. These results imply that the B. longum has at least two distinct subspecies: B. longum subsp. infantis, specialized to utilize milk carbon, and B. longum subsp. longum, specialized for plant-derived carbon metabolism.
SPECT thallium-201 scintigraphy for the detection of left-ventricular aneurysm. (1987)

We have noted that the presence of left ventricular anterior/apical aneurysm on contrast ventriculography or echocardiography correlates well with the finding of failure of convergence of the left ventricular walls toward the apex on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) thallium-201 images. To assess this observation, we analyzed the SPECT thallium scans of 74 sequential patients who had SPECT thallium scintigraphy and contrast ventriculography and/or echocardiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Immediate post-stress and 4-hr redistribution thallium-201 SPECT images, obtained following i.v. administration of 2 mCi of thallium-201, were reconstructed with no attenuation correction using three-dimensional linear and nonlinear filters and displayed in short, vertical-long, and horizontal-long axes. Of the 74 patients, contrast ventriculography and/or echocardiography showed anterior/apical aneurysms in 15 and a posterolateral aneurysm in one. SPECT thallium scans detected 14 of the 16 aneurysms, based on the criterion of failure of convergence of the ventricular walls toward the apex. There were two false-positives. Thus SPECT thallium-201 scintigraphy for the detection of left-ventricular aneurysm in this series had a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 97%, and an accuracy of 96%.
DEVELOPMENT AND DIAGNOSTICS OF A Z-PINCH PLASMA TARGET (1988)

For the investigation of the interaction of fast heavy ion beams with hot matter, a beam-plasma experiment is set-up in the stripper region of the UNILAC at the GSI, Darmstadt. The target requirements are deduced from theoretical predictions of energy loss and charge state as well as from the features of the ion beam: fully ionized hydrogen plasma, cylindrical plasma geometry, electrons/area ≥ 1019/cm2, life time ≥ 15 ns. A z-pinch device which is adaptable to the accelerator structure, was designed and developed to meet these target specifications. The z-pinch discharge is investigated with electrical and optical diagnostics. The latter show that a uniform cylindrical plasma pinch is formed with a length of 20 cm and a diameter of > 5 mm.
Behavior of Externally Draped CFRP Tendons in Prestressed Concrete Bridges (1998)

Successful use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons in prestressed concrete bridges can be achieved by combining bonded internal tendons with unbonded externally draped tendons. To examine this theory, four bridge models were tested under static, repeated (7 million cycles), and ultimate loads. Also, the combined effects of factors such as : (a) draping angle ; (b) deviator diameter ; (c) number of attached die-casts used to anchor the tendons ; (d) presence of cushioning material between the deviator and the tendon ; and (e) twist angle on the strength of the tendons were examined. It was concluded that the use of externally draped CFRP tendons in bridge construction improves ductility and forces the concrete to undergo inelastic deformation resulting in compression failure. It is also noted that increasing the deviator diameter and using cushioning material at the deviators minimize the reduction in the breaking force of the draped tendon.
Effects of Treatment With Deoxycholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid on the Hepatic Synthesis of Cholesterol and Bile Acids in Healthy Subjects (2001)

The degradation of cholesterol to bile acids is regulated by a negative-feedback mechanism by the bile acids, especially the hydrophobic bile acids, returning to the liver via the portal vein. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a potent suppressor of the cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-determining enzyme in bile acid formation. CDCA may also suppress hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Conflicting reports have appeared regarding the suppression on bile acid synthesis by the most hydrophobic bile acid of human bile, deoxycholic acid (DCA). To study the suppressive effects of CDCA and DCA on hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in humans, 10 healthy subjects were treated with CDCA or DCA for 3 weeks in a randomized cross-over study with a washout period of 4 weeks in between. Serum levels of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, reflecting cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity, and 7-dehydrocholesterol, reflecting HMG CoA reductase activity, and bile acids were repeatedly measured during the study periods. After 3 weeks of treatment with CDCA or DCA, CDCA constituted 70% and DCA 74% of the total serum bile acids, respectively. CDCA and DCA decreased the serum levels of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one by 80% and 75%, respectively. Negative correlations between the percentages of CDCA and DCA and the serum concentration of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one were obtained. CDCA reduced the serum level of 7-dehydrocholesterol by 29%, whereas treatment with DCA tended to increase the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Treatment of healthy subjects with CDCA and DCA reduces bile acid synthesis. CDCA also inhibits cholesterol synthesis, whereas DCA does not.
Des pôles d'activités hospitaliers entre gestion de la crise et mise en œuvre d'une politique de santé publique (2010)

Résumé La mise en œuvre de la Loi portant réforme de l’hôpital et relatif aux patients, à la santé et aux territoires (loi HPST) vient compléter la réforme de l’organisation et de la gouvernance des établissements de santé, engagée en 2002 par le plan « Hôpital 2007 ». Quels bilans et perspectives peuvent être envisagés pour les pôles d’activités ? Pour apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions et témoigner avant l’application de la Loi, nous avons confronté notre expérience avec une revue de la littérature professionnelle et scientifique. Le pôle d’activité hospitalier doit s’efforcer de ne pas remettre en cause les activités de référence et l’équilibre financier de son établissement, tout en respectant le contrat d’objectifs et de moyens qui répond aux besoins de santé de la population de son territoire de santé ainsi qu’aux priorités nationales. Si des réussites appréciables mais limitées existent, cinq freins à la réorganisation hospitalière peuvent être dégagés. Ce sont, par exemple, l’absence de délégation de gestion et la centralisation des décisions, l’hétérogénéité de nombreux pôles ou des problèmes de temps. Ils peuvent mettre en difficulté la dynamique des pôles et des établissements de santé. Cela peut montrer que l’État et l’Assurance maladie doivent diriger la politique de santé publique et que la délégation de gestion aux pôles peut être abordée.
In vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of phenolic components of Algerian Achillea odorata leaves (2014)

In this study, methanol extract from Achillea odorata was evaluated for its phenolic contents using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and antioxidant activity using: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing activity of H2O2 and ferric reducing power assay. The total phenolic content was determined as gallic acid (GAE) equivalent. Flavonoids and flavonols contents were determined as quercetin (QE) equivalents. The cytotoxicity of the plant extract was tested against three tumor cell lines: MCF-7, Hep2 and WEHI using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Preliminary screening was concluded in the presence of substances with large therapeutic values. The total phenolic content confirmed the presence of total phenolics in the extract and showed strong association with antioxidant activity. An important content of flavonoids and flavonols was also detected. The results of the antioxidant activities obtained indicate that A. odorata recorded a good capacity. For the cytotoxic activity, the results showed the plant extract significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and colony formation at various concentrations.
Gemcitabine: Efficacy in the Treatment of Advanced Stage Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2011)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in many countries. Approximately half of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer have advanced disease and systemic chemotherapy, especially platinum-based doublets, is currently the standard treatment. Several trials have recently indicated the importance of histological subtype for treatment with molecular target chemotherapy and pemetrexed. Over the last decade, gemcitabine, a pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite, has been one of the most effective agents for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. It is unknown whether histological type is a predictor of the outcome of treatment with this agent. This is a review of the past trials and reviews of first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC, focusing on efficacy and safety of treatment with gemcitabine according to histological subtype.
Daclizumab reverses intrathecal immune cell abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (2015)

Normalization of immunological abnormalities associated with MS by long-term daclizumab therapy suggests that this drug's effects on ILCs, NK cells, and dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are critical in regulating the MS disease process.
Effects of hematocrit on blood viscoelasticity and in establishing normal values (1978)

The influence of hematocrit on the viscoelasticity of human blood is examined in two contexts. First, the viscosity and elasticity vs shear rate is determined at 2 Hertz using blood from a single donor, reconstituted at hematocrits ranging from 0 to
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling and aging. (2016)

Insulin and IGF-1 have a high similarity in structure and play pivotal roles in regulation of aging and longevity. Insulin is bound to insulin receptor on cell surface, whereas IGF-1 is bound to IGF1R, but the molecules to transduce intracellular signals are almost identical, including Akt and FoxO. Akt is a kinase to regulate growth and metabolism in various tissues, and among the substrates, FoxO is one of the key transcription factors to regulate expression of a number or genes, including anti-oxidative enzymes. Akt phosphorylates FoxO and sup- presses its activity by promoting translocation to cytoplasm. In yeast, worms and flies, it is known that various mutations to impair insulin/IGF-1 signaling prolong longevity, potentially via activation of FoxO. In mice, however, longevity was prolonged in some models with disrup- tion of insulin/IGF-1 signaling-related genes, whereas it was shortened in others. Moreover, in many cases, prolonged longevity was accompanied by growth retardation or metabolic disorders, which means that they did not live a 'long and healthy' life. It is still controversial whether suppression of insulin/IGF-1 signaling is beneficial in terms of aging also in mammalians.
Transplantation of Cultured Bursal Epithelium: A Histologic Study (1982)

Pieces of bursa, taken from one-day-old line 6, subline 1 chicks, were cultured in vitro for 13 days. During culture, the fragments gradually lost follicular organization and immunoglobulin (Ig)-positive lymphocytes. The basement membrane associated epithelium proliferated and was later seen diffusely layered under intact plical or specific follicular layers. Cultured bursal epithelium (CBE) was transplanted into the wing web of 14-day-old surgically bursectomized syngeneic recipients. The CBE began to enlarge and become vascularized. Microscopic examination of the transplants 22 days after implantation revealed repopulation of lymphocytes which reorganized into follicle-like structures containing Ig-positive cells. Thus, transplantation of CBE into the wing web of bursectomized chickens may be a good model for simulating the naturally occurring events in avian B-cell development.