gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Don’t-Care Computation using k-clause Approximation (2005)

Computation of the satisfiability and observability care sets for a sub-circuit in a Boolean network is essentially a problem of quantifier elimination in propositional logic. In this paper, we introduce a method of approximate quantifier elimination that computes the strongest over-approximation expressible using clauses of a given length. The method uses a Boolean satisfiability solver in a machine-learning framework. Experiments using the SIS system show that the method can produce useful care set information in cases where earlier approaches are prohibitively costly.
Defect formation observed by AES in a‐SiO <sub>2</sub> films prepared by photochemical vapour deposition (1990)

Abstract Damageless conditions in AES measurement were examined carefully on both thermally oxidized and photochemical vapour deposited amorphous SiO 2 films as a function of dose rate and total dose. The lower dose rate resulted in the formation of a higher density of oxygen‐deficient defects under the constant total dose condition. Among the films examined, it was found that F‐doped films prepared by photochemical vapour deposition best resisted electron damage. The results are discussed using the model of defect generation consisting of a cascade process, bond breaking and diffusion of oxygen.
A Wearable, Multimodal Sensing System to Monitor Knee Joint Health (2020)

Objective: We designed and validated a wearable, multimodal sensor brace for knee joint health assessment. Methods: An embedded-, two-microcontroller-based approach is used to sample high-throughput, multi-microphone joint acoustics (46.875 kHz) as well as lower-rate electrical bioimpedance (EBI) (1/46.17 s), inertial (100 - 250 Hz), and skin temperature (1 Hz) data, and these data are saved onto microSD cards. Additionally, a flexible, 3D-printed brace houses the custom circuit boards and sensors to enable wearable sensing. Results: The system achieves 9 hours of continuous joint sound recording, while the EBI, inertial, and temperature sensors can sample for 35 hours using 500 mAh batteries. Further, for the entirety of these continuous recordings, there were no dropped samples for any of the sensors. Lastly, proof-of-concept measurements were used to show the system's efficacy for recording joint sounds and swelling data. Conclusion: This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first, completely untethered wearable system for multimodal knee health monitoring. Significance: The proposed smart brace may facilitate in-clinic or at-home measurements for joint health assessment.
Balloon dilatation of excised aortic coarctations. (1982)

Seven children 1-6 years of age underwent aortic resection and re-anastomosis for coarctation of the thoracic aorta. The excised segments were 1-2 cm long and were dilated in vitro with a Grüntzig balloon catheter less than two hours after resection. A pressure of 4-8 atmospheres was used, and the inflated diameter of the balloon was twice the luminal diameter of the undilated coarctation. The diameter of each specimen was increased by an average of 85%, largely because of an increase in the external diameter of the coarctation. However, extremely high pressures were required for successful dilatation, producing transmedial tears in the "normal" aorta distal to the coarctation in three specimens. These results indicate that although balloon dilatation appears feasible as palliation for aortic coarctation, further studies of its safety are necessary before instituting clinical trials.
ROLE OF PREOPERATIVE SONOURETHROGRAPHY IN BULBAR URETHRAL RECONSTRUCTION (1997)

Sonourethrography has a major influence on selection of therapy in patients with bulbar strictures of intermediate length. By prospectively identifying strictures too long for resection and end-to-end anastomosis, sonourethrography enables quantitative criteria for selection of patients who may be more appropriately treated by flap or graft procedures. We advocate excisional therapy for strictures appearing sonographically to be 25 mm. or less, and substitution urethroplasty for longer strictures.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the 21st century: from the laboratory to the bedside (2019)

Recognition of the role of LRV in immune modulation and response to treatment along with more accessible tools for its detection to guide management at the bedside should allow a better individualized approach. Improving accessibility and standardization of speciation methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be major goals to improve cutaneous leishmaniasis management in the 21st century.
Characteristics of Bioreactors Made with Urease and Nad Glycohydrolase Reversibly Bound to Immobilized Antibodies (1992)

The characteristics of urease and NAD glycohydrolase, immobilized on different matrices through linkage with polyclonal antibodies, were studied for their use as enzyme reactors. The stability of the derivatives was enhanced by immobilization but some leakage of activity was found, due to the equilibrium between the free and bound enzyme. The release of the enzyme to the solution depends on the affinity constant of the antibodies and the concentration of the substrate circulating in the reactor. On the other hand the main advantage of this easy method of immobilization is the low cost replacement of the inactive enzyme with fresh catalyst.
Acyclovir Therapy for Eczema Herpeticum in Infants (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were very interested in the article by Jawitz et al<sup>1</sup>concerning intravenous acyclovir treatment of eczema herpeticum (EH) in a 9-month-old female infant. To date, we have treated four infants with severe EH (Kaposi's varicelliform eruption<sup>2</sup>), ranging from 7 to 14 months of age, with the same regimen. Two of our cases have been reported previously<sup>3,4</sup>; all four involved primary herpetic infections caused by herpes simplex virus 1. Fever and general symptoms disappeared between 12 and 72 hours after initiation of acyclovir therapy. Herpes simplex virus 1 was found in eroded lesions during the first three to four days of treatment, but no new vesicles were noted. From our experience, we would like to emphasize some points: (1) As soon as EH is suspected on clinical and cytologic grounds, systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics must be administered in association with acyclovir therapy; one of our
Analysis of Bubbles in a Fluidized Catalyst Bed using a Fast X-ray CT Scanner (2003)

A fast-scanning X-ray CT system was used to obtain the transient 2-dimensional cross sectional gas-phase distribution in a fluidized catalyst bed with fine particles. The captured data was sent to a PC for image reconstruction, and the density distributions across the horizontal cross-section were visualized. Using image-processing techniques, pseudo 3-dimensional images of bubbles and the density distribution across the vertical cross-section were obtained. The bubble structure was studied based on these images and the results obtained previously in a 2-dimensional fluidized bed. It was found that bubble shape was not spherical, but that the bubble ascending in a fluidized catalyst bed consisted of some smaller bubbles.
Soluble CD109 binds TGF-β and antagonizes TGF-β signalling and responses (2015)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine implicated in many diseases, including tissue fibrosis and cancer. TGF-β mediates diverse biological responses by signalling through type I and II TGF-β receptors (TβRI and TβRII). We have previously identified CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, as a novel TGF-β co-receptor that negatively regulates TGF-β signalling and responses and demonstrated that membrane-anchored CD109 promotes TGF-β receptor degradation via a SMAD7/Smurf2-mediated mechanism. To determine whether CD109 released from the cell surface (soluble CD109 or sCD109) also acts as a TGF-β antagonist, we determined the efficacy of recombinant sCD109 to interact with TGF-β and inhibit TGF-β signalling and responses. Our results demonstrate that sCD109 binds TGF-β with high affinity as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and cell-based radioligand binding and affinity labelling competition assays. SPR detected slow dissociation kinetics between sCD109 and TGF-β at low concentrations, indicating a stable and effective interaction. In addition, sCD109 antagonizes TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, transcription and cell migration. Together, our results suggest that sCD109 can bind TGF-β, inhibit TGF-β binding to its receptors and decrease TGF-β signalling and TGF-β-induced cellular responses.
Cross-layer perceptual ARQ for H.264 video streaming over 802.11 wireless networks (2005)

We present a new cross-layer ARQ algorithm for video streaming over 802.11 wireless networks. The algorithm combines application-level information about the perceptual and temporal importance of each packet into a single priority value, which drives packet selection at each retransmission opportunity. Hence, only the most perceptually important packets are retransmitted, delivering higher perceptual quality and less bandwidth usage compared to the standard 802.11 MAC-layer ARQ scheme. H.264 video streaming based on the proposed technique has been simulated using ns in a realistic home network scenario, using the standard ARQ technique for all interfering traffic. Results show that the proposed method consistently outperforms the standard MAC-layer 802.11 retransmission scheme, delivering more than 1.5 dB PSNR gains using approximately half of the retransmission bandwidth.
Muscle Strength and Activation in Early and Mid-Stage Parkinson Disease (2011)

PURPOSE: People in early and mid-stage Parkinson disease (PD) typically become bradykinetic and may have festinating gait. Some studies suggest that muscle strength is also reduced. In preparation for future studies of the causes of bradykinesia and festination, this study examined quadriceps muscle strength, central activation, and muscle fatigue between subjects with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and healthy controls. METHODS: Eighteen individuals with PD (65.7±11.6 years; average UPDRS Motor subscore (UPDRS-M) 31.8±16; 5 women, 13 men) were compared with controls matched by age, sex, and BMI. Each participant's isometric knee extension and flexion torque was determined by a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Central activation of the quadriceps was quantified using doublet interpolation by delivering a supramaximal electrical stimulus to the quadriceps muscle during an MVC and again to the muscle at rest. Quadriceps muscle fatigue was assessed using an isokinetic fatigue protocol (60 degrees/sec) using 30 maximal repetitions with verbal and visual feedback. RESULTS: The subjects with PD were divided at the median into those with more advanced PD (PDHIGH) who had a UPDRS-M of greater than 31.7 and those with less advanced PD (PDLOW) who had a UPDRS-M less than 31.7. PDLOW subjects were not significantly different from healthy controls for MVC or central activation. PDHIGH subjects had significantly and substantially lower maximal torque (approximately 50% reduction) and reduced central activation as compared to healthy controls and to PDLOW (p<0.05). Additionally, during fatigue testing, healthy controls and PDLOW demonstrated a 21.4% and 44.2% decrease in maximal quadriceps torque respectively. In contrast, PDHIGH demonstrated no fatigue with a 12% increase in torque after fatigue testing. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide clear evidence for loss of muscle strength and activation in the patients with more advanced PD. Impaired muscle activation may explain the lack of muscle fatigue in individuals with more advanced PD. These deficits may contribute to the bradykinesia and festination that are characteristic of later stages of PD. These relationships should be specifically investigated in future studies. Funding: National Institutes of Health (R01 HD043770).
Tissue response to a quaternary ammonium compound in a controlled release delivery system (1988)

Abstract The suitability of various antiseptic agents for use in a controlled release delivery system has recently been evaluated for use in endodontic therapy. Of the medicaments tested, a quaternary ammonium compound, dodecyl‐dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, was found to be well suited for inclusion in the controlled release preparation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue response to the quaternary ammonium compound in the controlled release delivery system. For the purpose of comparison, formocresol, Cresatin® and eugenol were included in the study. The tissue‐irritating effect was assessed by incubating muscle tissue that had been in contact with the antiseptics for the demonstration of succinate dehydrogenase activity. Medicaments with a tissue‐irritating effect caused a zone of inhibited enzyme activity in the tissue‐medicament contact areas. The quaternary ammonium compound in the controlled release delivery system was the least irritating of the medicaments tested and caused minimal inhibition of enzyme activity.
Control of Calcitonin/Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Pre-mRNA Processing by Constitutive Intron and Exon Elements (1993)

The calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) primary transcript is alternatively spliced in thyroid C cells and neurons, resulting in the tissue-specific production of calcitonin and CGRP mRNAs. Analyses of mutated calcitonin/CGRP transcription units in permanently transfected cell lines have indicated that alternative splicing is regulated by a differential capacity to utilize the calcitonin-specific splice acceptor. The analysis of an extensive series of mutations suggests that tissue-specific regulation of calcitonin mRNA production does not depend on the presence of a single, unique cis-active element but instead appears to be a consequence of suboptimal constitutive splicing signals. While only those mutations that altered constitutive splicing signals affected splice choices, the action of multiple regulatory sequences cannot be formally excluded. Further, we have identified a 13-nucleotide purine-rich element from a constitutive exon that, when placed in exon 4, entirely switches splice site usage in CGRP-producing cells. These data suggest that specific exon recruitment sequences, in combination with other constitutive elements, serve an important function in exon recognition. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that tissue-specific alternative splicing of the calcitonin/CGRP primary transcript is mediated by cell-specific differences in components of the constitutive splicing machinery.
Milestones in Time: The Value of Landmarks in Retrieving Information from Personal Stores. (2003)

Abstract: We describe the design and analysis of timeline visualizations for displaying the results of queries on an index of personal content. The visualization was built on top of a personal search engine that provides a unified index of all the information a user has seen, including web pages, email, and documents. Results of searches are presented with an overview-plus-detail timeline visualization. A summary view shows the distribution of search hits over time, and a detailed view allows for inspection of individual search results. In a user study, we explore the value of extending a basic time view by adding public landmarks (holidays and important news events) and personal landmarks (photos and important calendar events).
Three-terminal test structure to measure stiction force using I-V data (2001)

Stiction is a major failure mechanism during the operation of accelerometers and hence it is important to know the stiction force that the structures encounter during use. We explore the possibility of devising an electrical technique for the direct measurement of in use stiction force. We have designed and fabricated three terminal test structures to measure both vertical and horizontal in use stiction. The measurement is not visual and is based on I-V data with the possibility of automation in the future. The structure consists of cantilever beams of different lengths each with an actuating pad and a detection pad. We measure the pull in voltage applied to the actuating pad, V<SUB>PI</SUB> , required to bring the cantilever beam in contact with the detection pad and the pull out voltage, V<SUB>PO</SUB>, at which the contact is broken. Using the Finite Element tool, ANSYS, a coupled electromechanical model is developed to determine the stiction force from the pull-in and pull-out voltages. We discuss the measurements in terms of the advantages and the shortcomings. We also discuss the sensitivity of the model to various material and geometric parameters and to the accuracy of the measurement.
Role of a peptidase in phagocyte chemotaxis. (1976)

The potencies of N-formylmethionyl (fMet) peptides as chemotactic agents for phagocytes are related to the rates at which they are hydrolyzed. Furthermore, chloromethyl ketones inhibit chemotaxis as do the products of hydrolysis of fMet peptides. The directed migration of cells in response to such peptides is probably brought about by the binding of the peptide to a cell receptor with subsequent cleavage by peptidase specific for aromatic residues, a process that allows the chemical gradient to be detected.
Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Cyclic Substrates by Catalysis with Palladium Complexes of P,N-Chelate Ligands with a Cymantrene Unit (1998)

Mechanistic considerations made a decisive contribution to the development of new chiral P,N ligands L* containing tricarbonylcyclopentadienylmanganese (cymantrene). These ligands induce very high enantioselectivities (>99:1) in allylic substitutions of cyclic substrates 1 with formation of 2 (2-Bp=2-biphenylyl).
ChemInform Abstract: MOESSBAUER AND T.G.A. STUDIES OF SOME HEXAHALOTELLURATE(IV) SALTS (1980)

Abstract TeOz reagiert mit konz. HCl zu einer Lösung, aus der mit (Ph 4 As) 2 TeCl 4 die Verbindung (Ph 4 As) 2 ‐ TeClö ausgefällt werden kann.
Research on the Setting up the Slice Direction in Cine-MRI Scanning of the Temporomandibular Joint. (1994)

A thorough grasp of the dynamic correlation with the articular frames in the mandibular movements is useful for the diagnosis of craniomandibular disorders using the cine images in MRI examination. The present article was investigated in comparison with the cineimages obtained from three directions, which were lateral pterygoid muscle, mandibular ramus, andthe mandibular movements to obtain transversal images.The results obtained were as follows:1. The slice in the direction of the lateral pterygoid muscle was very advantageous forobservation of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the maxillary artery.2. The slice in the direction of the mandibular movements had a slight predominance over theother two slices with respect to the dynamic grasp of positional relationships in the articular frames.These findings suggested that the slice direction suitable for scanning in cine-MRI should beselected.
Bis-Ferrocenyl-Pyridinediimine Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes with Metal-Binding Dependent Electronic Coupling: Synthesis, Structures, and Redox-Spectroscopic Characterization (2020)

A family of metal dichloride complexes having a bis-ferrocenyl-substituted pyridinediimine ligand was systematically synthesized ((Fc<sub>2</sub>PDI)MCl<sub>2</sub>, M = Mg, Zn, Fe, and Co) and characterized crystallographically, spectroscopically, electrochemically, and computationally. Electronic coupling between the ligand ferrocene units is switched on upon binding to a MCl<sub>2</sub> fragment, as evidenced by both sequential oxidation of the ferrocenes in cyclic voltammetry (Δ<i>E</i><sub>ox</sub> ≈ 200 mV) and by Inter-Valence Charge Transfer electronic excitations in the near IR. Additionally, UV-vis spectra are used to directly observe orbital mixing between the ferrocenyl units and the imine π system since breaking of the orbital symmetry results in allowed transitions (ϵ = 2800 M<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup> vs ϵ ≈ 200 M<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup> in free ferrocene) as well as broadening and red-shifting of the ferrocenyl transitions-indicating organic character in formerly pure metal-centered transitions. DFT analysis reveals that interaction between the ferrocenes and the MCl<sub>2</sub> fragment is small and suggests that communication is mediated by better energy matching between the ferrocene and organic π* orbitals upon coordination, allowing superexchange coupling through the LUMO. Furthermore, single crystal diffraction data obtained from oxidation of one <i>and</i> both ferrocenes show distortions, introducing the empty d<sub><i>xy</i></sub>/d<sub><i>x</i>2-<i>y</i>2</sub> orbitals into the secondary coordination sphere of the MCl<sub>2</sub> fragment. Such structural rearrangements are infrequent in ferrocenyl mixed-valent compounds, and implications for catalysis as well as electronic communication are discussed.
Regulation of Pyrimidine and Arginine Biosynthesis Investigated by the Use of Phaseolotoxin and 5-Fluorouracil (1981)

Purified phaseolotoxin inhibits the growth of carrot cells. Such inhibitions can be reversed completely by citrulline but not by arginine. This toxin inhibits ornithine transcarbamylase activity in vitro, which leads to an accumulation of ornithine and a decrease in arginine levels intracellularly. In carrot cells, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity can be reduced by the addition of purified toxin and citrulline, or ornithine. The toxin also decreases the incorporation of [(14)C]uracil and [(14)C]5-FU into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material by 50%. Finally, a 5-FU-resistant line, F5 (Sung ZR, Jacques S 1980 Planta 148: 389-396), was found to be more sensitive to the toxin than were 5-FU-sensitive cells. One millimolar 5-FU roughly doubled the ability of F5 to tolerate phaseolotoxin. These results demonstrate a close regulation between the pyrimidine and arginine path-ways in carrots.
A method of estimating relative kinetic shifts for mass spectral fragmentation schemes (1973)

Abstract Availability of computer‐generated tables for the estimation of kinetic shifts by the older form of the quasi‐equilibrium theory is announced.
Electron-beam focusing characteristics of double-gated carbon nanofiber based field emission sources (2007)

Recently, vertically aligned carbon nanofiber based dual-gate field emission structures have been fabricated for use in parallel electron-beam lithography, and their electron-beam focus adjustment capability has been demonstrated. This article summarizes the results of a numerical investigation of device behavior due to geometry variation in an effort to better understand device characteristics and performance. The effect of electrode thickness on minimum beam diameter and depth of field (DOF) were investigated for axially symmetric structures using a two-dimensional simulation package. The results indicate both a decrease in minimum spot size from ∼30to∼20nm, and an increase in DOF from ∼1to∼6μm when the focus electrode thickness is increased from 100to500nm. The impact of misalignments of the focus electrode and the carbon nanofiber on the beam behavior was investigated with a three-dimensional simulation package. Results show that reasonably well-converged beams can be achieved even with considerable offset to either the focus electrode or carbon nanofiber, though large beam deflections are produced. In addition, the deflections due to these offsets appear to be linear.