gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Partial Pressure of Copper (I) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Trimethylvinylsilane on the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper (1997)

The effects of the partial pressure of precursor on the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of copper were investigated. Copper was deposited using copper (I) hexafluoroacetylacetonate trimethylvinylsilane as a metalorganic precursor on TiN/Ti/Si substrates in a low-pressure warm-wall chemical vapor deposition reactor. The deposition rate of copper film was a constant value at a partial pressure higher than 0.048 Torr and decreased to below the constant value at a partial pressure lower than 0.048 Torr. The incubation time for copper nucleation decreased with increasing partial pressure of the precursor. The resistivity of copper film decreased to 2.00 µ Ω· cm with increasing partial pressure of the precursor. At a partial pressure lower than 0.048 Torr, copper did not nucleate inside the trench so that the step coverage of copper film became very poor.
Introductory Remarks (1982)

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Consistency-Based On-line Localization in Sensor Networks (2006)

Abstract. We have developed a new on-line error modeling and optimizationbased localization approach for sensor networks in the presence of distance measurement noise. The approach is solely based on the concept of consistency, and is developed specifically for the case of on-line localization, which refers to the situation when references are not available a priori. The localization problem is formulated as the task of maximizing the consistency between measurements and calculated distances. In addition, we also present a localized localization algorithm where a specified communication cost or the location accuracy is guaranteed while optimizing the other. We evaluated the approach in (i) both GPS-based and GPS-less scenarios; (ii) 1-D, 2-D and 3-D spaces, on sets of acoustic ranging-based distance measurements recorded by deployed sensor networks. The experimental evaluation indicates that localization of only a few centimeters is consistently achieved when the average and median distance measurement errors are more than a meter, even when the nodes have only a few distance measurements. The relative performance in terms of location accuracy compares favorably with respect to several state-of-the-art localization approaches. Finally, several insightful observations about the required conditions for accurate location discovery are deduced by analyzing the experimental results.
Dry eye diagnosis and management (2011)

Dry eye disease is a very common multifactorial disease of the lacrimal functional unit that results in tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, chronic irritation and inflammation of the ocular surface. Diagnostic tools have been developing rapidly, however, both classic dry eye tests (Schirmer I test, fluorescein staining of the surface epithelium and tear film break-up time) and noninvasive imaging techniques are essential for an exact diagnosis. The management of dry eye syndrome can be either conservative or invasive based on the severity of the disease. The basic aim of treatment is to improve quality of life and reduce subjective complaints and objective ocular surface alterations in dry eye patients. The first line of treatment is tear substitution with artificial tear drops, gels and ointments. In moderate cases preservative-free tear supplementation, topical anti-inflammatory therapy and retinol treatment is recommended. Temporary or permanent punctal plug occlusion, therapeutic contact lenses or moisture chamber use constitute other options. In severe cases the application of topical autologous serum, systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, androgen substitution, secretagogues and surgical intervention can be effective. In the future, noninvasive diagnostic tools and instruments such as screening methods are likely to be developed. In addition, causal therapy of the dry eye will play a greater role, including cyclosporine therapy, secretion stimulation, growth factor-containing artificial tears, as well as secratogogues, immunomodulants and androgenic complexes for severe forms of the disease.
Acid–base properties of highly substituted diaminonaphthalenes (1987)

The kinetic and equilibrium acid-base behaviour of four new highly hindered diaminonaphthalenes has been studied in aqueous solution or in Me2SO–H2O mixtures containing hydroxide ion. In concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)-2,7-diethoxynaphthalene and 1,8-bis(diethylamino)-2,7-diethoxynaphthalene are almost fully protonated and aqueous pKa values of 16.1 and 15.9, respectively, have been measured from comparative studies with other diaminonaphthalenes in 60%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O. Studies of the protonation of 1,8-dimorpholino-2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene (pKa 13.0) and 1,8-dimorpholino-2,7-diethoxynaphthalene (pKa 12.5) were made in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reversible acid-base reactions of the diaminonaphthalenes in the presence of hydroxide ion occur slowly. For example the approach to an equilibrium mixture of the protonated and unprotonated forms of 1,8-bis(diethylamino)-2,7-diethoxynaphthalene in 60%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O with 0.01 mol dm–3 NaOH occurs with a half-life of 8s. It is found that 2- and 7-substituents have large effects in increasing the basicity and decreasing the rates of proton transfer and this is due in part to an increase in strain in the amines and in the transition state for proton transfer.
Introduction (1989)

Over the past twenty years there has been a trend away from user-hostile chemical information systems towards systems with user-friendly, graphics interfaces, which allow the scientist to use his preferred method of communication, that is, the chemical structure diagram. The abundance of chemical structure interfaces nowadays actually causes a new problem: there are too many systems for the user to learn and there are too few standards.
LOS ELEMENTOS DE ÉXITO EN LA FORMACIÓN DE ALIANZAS ESTRATÉGICAS (2022)

Las alianzas se han convertido en un factor estratégico fundamental para las organizaciones actuales, esto les permite desarrollar el potencial de cada empresa que la constituye, para abarcar distintos mercados, crear nuevos productos, ofrecer servicios integrales, transferencia de tecnología, además de obtener otras ventajas como: la reducción de costos, compartir riesgos y gastos fijos. De acuerdo al tamaño de alianza, es el grado de complejidad que ésta representa y puede determinar si su participación será a nivel nacional o internacional. Además de considerar que las empresas pueden establecer una red de alianzas, con objeto de fortalecerse y estar en condiciones de enfrentar a otros competidores poderosos. Es destacable la participación que realiza cada unos de los socios que integran la alianza, quienes además de invertir y aportar recursos, se verán beneficiados por la adquisición de conocimiento y por el posicionamiento de su empresa en el mercado.
[The nutritional aspects in autologous bone marrow transplantation]. (1993)

The use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in bone marrow transplant recipients is well recognized. These patients, as a result of treatment with chemotherapy and immunosuppressive agents, undergo catabolic stress. In stressed patients attention has been focused on the optimal calorie: nitrogen ratio of total parenteral nutrition formulations. Theoretically, TPN formulas of low calorie: nitrogen ratio impede body protein catabolism. In bone marrow transplant patients negative nitrogen balance may persist despite high nitrogen intake. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of increasing nitrogen intake on nutritional and metabolic parameters in bone marrow transplant patients. The metabolic effect of an increased nitrogen dose during TPN was studied in 33 bone marrow transplant patients, divided into 2 groups. Patients were given total parenteral nutrition formulas providing a protein intake of 1.4 +/- 0.2 g of protein/kg IBW/day for the first group, and 2.3 +/- 0.12 g of protein/kg IBW/day for the II group. Total calories, non protein and protein, were held constant at 40 kcal/kg IBW/day for all patients. Data have been calculated for 4 weeks starting from the first week pretransplant. As we had expected, the patients who are the object of the present study were well nourished at the time of hospital admission, confirming the description of bone marrow transplant recipients published by other transplant centers. Relative body weight, total serum protein, albumin, prealbumin and cholesterol were not significantly different at any study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GENETIC FINE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE <i>AMYLOSE-EXTENDER</i> LOCUS IN <i>ZEA MAYS</i> L (1972)

On the basis of interallelic recombination frequencies measured in diallelic crosses of the 5 amylose-extender alleles in maize, ae, B1, B3, M2 and i1, it was possible to construct a unique linear genetic map ordering all 5 alleles within the locus. The reciprocal diallelic crosses each gave comparable frequency estimates. The relative order is ae, i1, B3, B1, M2 or the reverse. Even though F1 endosperms resulting from all possible diallelic crosses were phenotypically mutant, therefore non-complementing, no decision as to whether or not these alleles exhibit functional complementation should be made without biochemical characterization of the starches from the various heteroallelic genotypes.
Artificial agents learning human fairness (2008)

Recent advances in technology allow multi-agent systems to be deployed in cooperation with or as a service for humans. Typically, those systems are designed assuming individually rational agents, according to the principles of classical game theory. However, research in the field of behavioral economics has shown that humans are not purely self-interested: they strongly care about fairness. Therefore, multi-agent systems that fail to take fairness into account, may not be sufficiently aligned with human expectations and may not reach intended goals. In this paper, we present a computational model for achieving fairness in adaptive multi-agent systems. The model uses a combination of Continuous Action Learning Automata and the Homo Egualis utility function. The novel contribution of our work is that this function is used in an explicit, computational manner. We show that results obtained by agents using this model are compatible with experimental and analytical results on human fairness, obtained in the field of behavioral economics.
Learning a dictionary of prototypical grasp-predicting parts from grasping experience (2013)

We present a real-world robotic agent that is capable of transferring grasping strategies across objects that share similar parts. The agent transfers grasps across objects by identifying, from examples provided by a teacher, parts by which objects are often grasped in a similar fashion. It then uses these parts to identify grasping points onto novel objects. We focus our report on the definition of a similarity measure that reflects whether the shapes of two parts resemble each other, and whether their associated grasps are applied near one another. We present an experiment in which our agent extracts five prototypical parts from thirty-two real-world grasp examples, and we demonstrate the applicability of the prototypical parts for grasping novel objects.
The Impact of Changed Strategies for Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma in This Millenium (2015)

Background. Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer with a poor prognosis. In this millennium there are new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these patients. Aim. The aim of this study was to find if these changes influenced survival of individuals with proximal cholangiocarcinoma. Material. 627 individuals with a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (not including distal common duct cancer) during the period from 2000 to 2011 were registered in Sweden's Western Region. The material was divided into three consecutive time periods. Results. The overall survival curves for individuals with cholangiocarcinoma improved over the three time periods (n = 627) (P = 0.0013). Median survival increased from 2.6 months in the first period (2000-2003) to 3.6 months in the final four years (2008-2011). Patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) had longer median survival than those with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC): 6.8 versus 3.2 months (P = 0.0003). An improvement in the survival curves over time was seen for those with IHC (P = 0.034) but not for patients with PHC (P = 0.38). Nine percent of the patients with IHC had potential curative surgical therapy. The three-year survival rate after liver resection for patients with IHC was 35% and 60% after liver transplantation. Among patients with PHC, 15.3% had potential curative bile duct resection with a concomitant liver resection and 6.1% bile duct resection alone. The three-year survival rate for these two groups was 32% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion. Overall survival for individuals with PHC was better than for those with IHC. Over time survival in IHC patients improved but not in those with PHC.
Isolation and characterization of a rabbit adrenal autoantigen. (1973)

The antigenic components of adrenal extract were fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Using a stepwise elution procedure, it was found that a componenet of major interest, termed Pk3b, was eluted by a buffer of pH 6.70 and 0.09 M in phosphate-chloride. This antigenic preparation reacted with several rabbit antisera that had been prepared by isoimmunization with rabbit adrenal homogenate, in contrast to several other fractions, which reacted with only one (or two) of the antisera. Pk3b also showed a high degree of homogeneity, as shown by immunodiffusion, paper electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation. By the latter technique, an extrapolated sedimentation coefficient of 4.45S was determined. The further comparison of this antigen in immunodiffusion, along with an antiserum and the adrenal extract from the antiserum-providing animal, confirmed again that this is an autoantigen, and that it is one of five autoantigens of the adrenal gland.
Antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus infections in pediatric patients (2002)

Appreciation of the spectrum of illness caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections has increased markedly during the past 2 decades. The number of immunosuppressed patients also has increased during the same time period, reflecting the central tenet that CMV disease is most severe in this patient population. Fortunately, antiviral therapies with activity against CMV also have been identified during this same time course, and they include ganciclovir, foscamet, and cidofovir. Although all 3 of these therapies can have significant toxicities associated with them, nonetheless they are employed with relative frequency to treat potentially life-threatening CMV disease. Ganciclovir is the first-line compound used, followed by foscarnet and cidofovir. This article summarizes those CMV infections that require antiviral therapy and outlines therapeutic options for each.
Tomographic reconstruction using incremental and NFFT methods (2017)

Projection and backprojection operators are the numerically intensive part of iterative methods in tomographic reconstruction. Some alternatives based on interpolation over a regular grid on the Fourier space or on nonequispaced fast Fourier transforms were developed in order to alleviate the computational cost. Both approaches substantially speed up the computation of the iterations of classical algorithms, but the incremental methods, such as osem, ramla, saem, among others, cannot benefit from these techniques. In this paper, it is presented an efficient approach where the nonequispaced fast Fourier transform (nfft) is used in each sub-iteration of the incremental method "ordered subsets for transmission tomography" (ostr) to perform the most expensive calculations: the projection and backprojection. The proposed method is applied to synchrotron radiation tomography and the results show a good performance.
HIDDEN LAYER PROBLEM IN SEISMIC REFRACTION WORK* (1975)

A bstract The hidden layer problem in seismic refraction work has been studied for three velocity configurations – the intermediate layer having (a) lower, (b) intermediate and (c) higher velocity than the underlying and overlying beds. It has been shown that conventional methods fail to locate the presence of the intermediate layer for the cases (a) and (c) and lead to errors in calculating the depth to the bedrock. For the case (b), it is possible to interpret the first arrival travel time analytically as an alternative to Green's graphical approach. It has been suggested that the hidden layer may be detected in all the three cases if converted S waves are also recorded in the seismogram.
Investigation of Self-Assembly and Micelle Polarity for a Wide Range of Ethylene Oxide−Propylene Oxide−Ethylene Oxide Block Copolymers in Water (1998)

Critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were determined for aqueous solutions of 15 EO−PO−EO (EO = ethylene oxide, PO = propylene oxide) block copolymers by using three different techniques: spectral changes of an iodine/iodide mixture, methyl yellow solubilization, and surface tension measurements. Two polymers showed no sign of micelle formation up to phase separation: one reverse (PO−EO−PO) and the other with low EO/PO ratio. The obtained cmc's were consistent for the different techniques employed and allowed the determination of the ΔG values associated with the micellization. These values were analyzed in terms of the EO and PO contributions, confirming the leading role of the hydrophobic PO units and revealing a small, but favorable, contribution of the hydrophilic EO chains, in contrast to the usual behavior of small nonionic surfactants. The polarity of the micelle solubilization sites was determined using the solvatochromic dye ET30, revealing environments similar to those observed for micelles of hydrocarbon surfactants. These findings, allied to the thermodynamic similarity between the micellization and the phase separation processes for the copolymers and PPO, support the view that the micellization is accompanied by a large dehydration of the PO units.
Crystal structure prediction: are we there yet? (2016)

This contribution comments on the advances of the latest Crystal Structure Prediction blind test and the challenges still lying ahead.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of PPAR<i>δ</i>: Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Processes (2011)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, δ, and γ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate a wide range of cellular processes, including inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. All three PPAR subtypes have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS) of rodents. While PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in more restricted areas of the CNS, PPARδ is ubiquitously expressed and is the predominant subtype. Although data regarding PPARδ are limited, studies have demonstrated that administration of PPARδ agonists confers neuroprotection following various acute and chronic injuries to the CNS, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARδ agonists are thought to underly their neuroprotective efficacy. This review will focus on the putative neuroprotective benefits of therapeutically targeting PPARδ in the CNS, and specifically, highlight the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of PPARδ agonists.
On the Crest of a Wave: Will Polymer Planar Waveguide Technology Take the Lead in the Telecom Revolution? (2002)

Technically speaking, photonics has penetratednearly entire industries, such as communication,aerospace, automobile, biomedical and pharmaceuticalindustry. In telecommunications, driven primarily bythe Internet, Dense Wave Division Multiplexing(DWDM) technology and the ensuing bandwidth ex-
Correcting Misuse of Verb Forms (2008)

This paper proposes a method to correct English verb form errors made by non-native speakers. A basic approach is template matching on parse trees. The proposed method improves on this approach in two ways. To improve recall, irregularities in parse trees caused by verb form errors are taken into account; to improve precision, n-gram counts are utilized to filter proposed corrections. Evaluation on non-native corpora, representing two genres and mother tongues, shows promising results. 1
Chemical weed control in rainfed cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp) in the Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria (1982)

Summary In a field trial in 1978 at Mokwa, southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria, metolachlor at 1.5 and 3.0, prometryne at 2.0 and norflurazon and diuron at 1.6 kg/ha combined good weed control with high grain yield of cowpeas. The grain yields with these herbicides were comparable to those of the hoe‐weeded and significantly higher than the weedy controls. In 1979, under wetter conditions, crop injury was observed with prometryne and linuron at 2.0 kg/ha. However, the grain yields obtained with alachlor, metolachlor, chloramben, pendimethalin and norflurazon and their mixtures with prometryne, linuron, diuron or metobromuron were comparable to that of the hoe‐weeded treatment. In 1979 at Samaru, northern Guinea savanna, pendimethalin at 1.5, metolachlor at 3.0 and chlorbromuron and linuron at 1.0 kg/ha gave selective weed control. Prometryne at 2.0 kg/ha was the only herbicide that gave a significantly lower broad‐leaved weed weight than the weedy check but it reduced the crop stand. At 1.0 kg/ha it was tolerated by the crop but failed to control grasses. Metolachlor at 1.5 kg/ha had a significantly higher broad‐leaved weed weight than the weedy check. All theherbicides, except pendimethalin at 3.0 kg/ha, controlled the annual sedges at Samaru.
<i>In situ</i> hybridization to plant telomeres using synthetic oligomers (1991)

The distribution of telomeric repeats in Hordeum vulgare (barley) and Secale cereale (rye) was studied by DNA–DNA in situ hybridization to root-tip chromosome preparations. Biotinylated synthetic oligomers, (TTTAGGG) 6 and (CCCTAAA) 6 , homologous to the consensus sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana telomeric repeat, were used as probes, and hybridization sites were detected by Texas red fluorescence or horseradish peroxidase catalyzed precipitation of diaminobenzidine. After examination in the light microscope, the same preparations were transferred to the electron microscope for high-resolution analysis. Sites of hybridization were visualized as single or double dots at the end of most chromosome arms. The sizes of the signal dots varied widely, indicating that individual telomeres may contain different numbers of repeats of the telomeric sequence. In contrast to many mammals, no telomere repeats were detected other than at the ends of the chromosomes. At interphase, signals were concentrated in one region of the nucleus, as would be expected from the Rabl orientation typical for dividing cells from cereal root tips.Key words: barley, rye, nuclear architecture, DNA–DNA in situ hybridization, telomeres.