gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant properties of catechins and proanthocyanidins: Effect of polymerisation, galloylation and glycosylation (1998)

A range of catechins and oligomeric procyanidins was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from grape seed, apple skin, lentil and almond flesh. Catechins, galloylated epicatechin, glycosylated catechin, procyanidin dimers, galloylated dimers, trimer, and tetramer species were all identified, purified and quantified by HPLC, LC-MS and NMR. The antioxidant properties of these compounds were assessed using two methods: (a) inhibition of ascorbate/iron-induced peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes; (b) scavenging of the radical cation of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) relative to the water-soluble vitamin E analogue Trolox C (expressed as Trolox C equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC). Antioxidant activity in the lipid phase decreased with polymerisation in contrast with antioxidant action in the aqueous phase which increased from monomer to trimer and then decreased from trimer to tetramer. Galloylation of catechin and dimeric procyanidins decreased lipid phase and increased aqueous phase antioxidant activity. Glycosylation of catechin demonstrated decreased activity in both phases.
Structural Damage Detection by Power Spectral Density Estimation Using Output-Only Measurement (2016)

Most damage detection methods have difficulty in detecting damage using only measurement data due to the existence of external noise. It is necessary to reduce the noise effect to obtain accurate information and to detect damage by the output-only measurement without baseline data at intact state and input data. This work imported the power spectral density estimation (PSE) of a signal to reduce the noise effect. By estimating the PSE to characterize the frequency content of the signal, this study proposes a damage detection method to trace the damage by the curvature of the PSE. Two numerical applications examine the applicability of the proposed method depending on a window function, frequency resolution, and the number of overlapping data in the PSE method. The knowledge obtained from the numerical applications leads to a series of experiments that substantiate the potential of the proposed method.
In vivo antitumor activity of 6-benzyl-1,3-benzodioxole derivatives against the P388, L1210, B16, and M5076 murine models (1987)

A series of 6-benzyl-1,3-benzodioxoles have been synthesized and evaluated against the in vivo ip P388 murine lymphocytic leukemia. Selected activities against this system were tested against the additional in vivo systems L1210, B16, M5076, and MX1. The most active of the 6-benzyl-1,3-benzodioxoles tested were as effective as podophyllotoxin as experimental antitumor agents in vivo, but larger doses were required. Three of the P388-active series members were active against the in vitro astrocytoma assay, which detects compounds that interfere with or bind to tubulin.
Implementation and Analysis of a Wireless Sensor Network-Based Pet Location Monitoring System for Domestic Scenarios (2016)

The flexibility of new age wireless networks and the variety of sensors to measure a high number of variables, lead to new scenarios where anything can be monitored by small electronic devices, thereby implementing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Thanks to ZigBee, RFID or WiFi networks the precise location of humans or animals as well as some biological parameters can be known in real-time. However, since wireless sensors must be attached to biological tissues and they are highly dispersive, propagation of electromagnetic waves must be studied to deploy an efficient and well-working network. The main goal of this work is to study the influence of wireless channel limitations in the operation of a specific pet monitoring system, validated at physical channel as well as at functional level. In this sense, radio wave propagation produced by ZigBee devices operating at the ISM 2.4 GHz band is studied through an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching simulation tool, in order to analyze coverage/capacity relations for the optimal system selection as well as deployment strategy in terms of number of transceivers and location. Furthermore, a simplified dog model is developed for simulation code, considering not only its morphology but also its dielectric properties. Relevant wireless channel information such as power distribution, power delay profile and delay spread graphs are obtained providing an extensive wireless channel analysis. A functional dog monitoring system is presented, operating over the implemented ZigBee network and providing real time information to Android based devices. The proposed system can be scaled in order to consider different types of domestic pets as well as new user based functionalities.
Nonlinear error correction for FMCW ladar by the amplitude modulation method (2018)

FMCW ladar is a kind of absolute distance measurement technology with high spatial resolution. However, the advantage of high spatial resolution is significantly covered up by the non-linearity of laser frequency sweep. One of the typical approaches for the nonlinearity is resample technology, which has residual phase error from the sample time delay mismatch between the clock signal and the measurement signal. We have proposed and demonstrated a novel amplitude modulation method for correcting the nonlinear error of FMCW technology. The optical structure of the method is comprised of two tandem fiber interferometers. The first interferometer is used to produce a carrier signal and the second one is used to load the range information on the amplitude of the carrier signal. In the end, the experimental result verifies that the nonlinear error can be suppressed effectively, the phase error from the mismatch has been eliminated observably, and the range resolution can be notably improved to 69μm; the stability is 2.9μm and the measurement precision is 4.3μm.
A novel transient simulation for 3D multilevel interconnections on complex topography (1999)

An efficient method is presented to model the transient characteristics of distributed resistor-capacitor of ULSI multilevel interconnections on complex topography, in which the reformulation of the boundary-element method (BEM) and the Pade-via-Lanczos (PVL) algorithm associated with multilayer Green's function can avoid the redundant works on both volume mesh and transient analysis associated with the finite-difference method. An adaptive multilayer Green's function is adopted to investigate several cases that have revealed interesting physical mechanisms in charge transfer between conductors on multilayer topography. To improve the timing analysis efficiency of the finite-difference method, the dominant poles are obtained by introducing the PVL algorithm for model-order reduction. Hence, it is easy to calculate the transient characteristics of both parallel conductors and complicated configurations such as crossing lines, corners, contacts, multilayers, and their combinations.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total alkaloids from Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) lindl. (2013)

To optimize the technology of extracting total alkaloids from Liparis nervosa(Thunb.)Lindl.Effect of solid to liquid ratio,extraction time,ethanol concentration and extraction temperature on extraction efficiency of alkaloids were investigated though single factor experiments.The extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test.The results showed that influences of the factors were in the order of temperaturetimeethanol concentrationsolid-liquid ratio.The optimum extracting conditions were the sample powder was extracted with 80% ethanol under the temperature of 60 ℃ for 60min with a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶9.The results provided references for industrial production of L.nervosa.alkaloids.
Giant Room‐Temperature Elastocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Ultrathin Films (2014)

Environmentally friendly ultrathin BaTiO3 capacitors can exhibit a giant stress-induced elastocaloric effect without hysteresis loss or Joule heating. By combining this novel elastocaloric effect with the intrinsic electrocaloric effect, an ideal refrigeration cycle with high performance (temperature change over 10 K with a wide working-temperature window of 60 K) at room temperature is proposed for future cooling applications.
Implementation of a one-lead ECG human identification system on a normal population (2010)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is not only a very useful diagnostic tool for clinical purposes, but also is a potential new biometric tool for human identification. TheECG may be useful as a biometric in the future, since it can easily be combined with other biometrics to provide a liveness check with little additional cost. This research focused on short-term, resting, Lead-I ECG signals recorded from the palms. A total of 168 young college volunteers were investigated for identification as a predetermined group.  Fifty persons were randomly selected from this ECG biometric database as the development dataset. Then, the identification algorithm developed from this group was tested on the entire database. In this research, two algorithms were evaluated for ECG identification during system development. The algorithms included template matching and distance classification methods. Signal averaging was applied to generate ECG databases and templates for reducing the noise recorded with palm ECG signals. When a single algorithm was applied to the development dataset, the identification rate (that is, rank one probability) was up to 98% (49 out of 50 persons). However, when the prescreening process was added to construct a combined system model, the identification rate increased to 100% accuracy on the development dataset. The combined model formed our ECG biometric system model based on results from the development dataset. The identification rate was 95.3% when the same combined system model was tested on the entire ECG biometric database.

	 

	Key words: Biometrics, biometric liveness tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), ECG features, identification, template matching, distance classification
Energy Efficiency Improvements and Cost Saving Opportunities in the Corn Wet Milling Industry (2003)

Corn wet milling is the most energy intensive industry in the food and kindred products group (SIC 20). Plants typically spend approximately $15 to 25 million per year on energy, one of its largest operating costs, making energy efficiency improvement an important way to reduce costs and increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy-price volatility.\nAfter describing the industry's trends, structure and production and the process's energy use, we examine energy-efficiency opportunities for corn wet millers. Where available, we provide energy savings and typical payback periods for each measure based on case studies of plants that have implemented it. Given available resources and technology, there are opportunities to reduce energy consumption cost-effectively in the industry while maintaining the quality of the products produced. Further research on the economics of the measures and their applicability to different wet milling practices is needed to assess implementation of selected technologies at individual plants.
Synthetische Arbeiten in der Reihe der aromatischen Erythrina‐Alkaloide, XVIII. Zur Existenz von <i>trans</i>‐Erythrinanen (1971)

Abstract Bei der Wolff ‐ Kishner ‐Reduktion des 6α‐Brom‐ketolactams 2 entsteht neben anderen Produkten auch das 6β‐Hydroxy‐erythrinanon‐(8) 8 , der erste Vertreter der trans ‐Erythrinan‐Reihe.
A 9-bit 80 MS/s Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter With a Capacitor Reduction Technique (2010)

A 9-bit 80 MS/s successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is suitable for low power and a small area, is presented. The 9-bit capacitor array consists of only 16 unit capacitors and a coupling capacitor due to the proposed binary-weighted split-capacitor arrays with a merged-capacitor switching technique. The proposed ADC includes a comparator with offset cancellation and uses digital calibration for error correction. The ADC is implemented in a 65-nm complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology and occupies an active area of 0.068 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a reference buffer. The differential and integral nonlinearities of the ADC are less than 0.37 and 0.40 LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a signal-to-noise-distortion ratio of 50.71 dB, a spurious-free dynamic range of 66.72 dB, and an effective number of bits of 8.13 bits with a 78 MHz sinusoidal input at 80 MS/s. The ADC consumes 3.4 mW with the reference buffer at a 1.0-V supply and achieves a figure of merit of 78 fJ/conversion step.
Verdet Constant of the "Active Medium" in a Laser Cavity (1964)

It is shown that the frequency of the intensity modulation observed when the output of a gas laser in a homogeneous axial magnetic field is veiwed through a polarizer is simply related to the Verdet constant of the "active medium." This method is used to determine the Verdet constant of "active" neon at 0.633 \ensuremath{\mu}. A value of 5.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ rad/cm-Oe is obtained. Theoretical expressions for the Verdet constant of a dilute monatomic gas at a frequency close to the center of a Doppler-broadened line are derived for the three allowed transitions, $\ensuremath{\Delta}J=0$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}J=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$. The results of the experiment and the theory are used to estimate the threshold values of the absorption coefficient and the population inversion density in the present case.
1D Camera Geometry and Its Application to Circular Motion Estimation (2006)

This paper describes a new and robust method for estimating circular motion geometry from an uncalibrated image sequence. Under circular motion, all the camera centers lie on a circle, and the mapping of the plane containing this circle to the horizon line in the image can be modelled as a 1D projection. A 2×2 homography is introduced in this paper to relate the projections of the camera centers in two 1D views. It is shown that the two imaged circular points and the rotation angle between the two views can be derived directly from the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of such a homography respectively. The proposed 1D geometry can be nicely applied to circular motion estimation using either point correspondences or silhouettes. The method introduced here is intrinsically a multiple view approach as all the sequence geometry embedded in the epipoles is exploited in the computation of the homography for a view pair. This results in a robust method which gives accurate estimated rotation angles and imaged circular points. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the simplicity and applicability of the new method.
Propeller Light Aircraft Noise at Discrete Frequencies (1981)

In-flight measurements are analyzed to study the acoustic field of a propeller-driven light aircraft. The separation of noise sources is achieved by examination of the influence on the acoustic field of the propeller and the engine. At high rotational speed, the propeller is the dominant source. Evaluating then the field due to steady/unsteady loading on the blades, one concludes that the former are acoustically the most efficient. The analysis of flyover noise measurements, using an original signal processing (Doppler effect compensation) enhances the results.
K-means clustering using Max-min distance measure (2009)

The cluster analysis deals with the problems of organization of a collection of data objects into clusters based on similarity. It is also known as the unsupervised classification of objects and has found many applications in different areas. An important component of a clustering algorithm is the distance measure which is used to find the similarity between data objects. K-means is one of the most popular and widespread partitioning clustering algorithms due to its superior scalability and efficiency. Typically, the K-means algorithm determines the distance between an object and its cluster centroid by Euclidean distance measure. This paper proposes a variant of K-means which uses an alternate distance measure namely, Max-min measure. The modified K-means algorithm is tested with six benchmark datasets taken from UCI machine learning data repository and found that the proposed algorithm takes less number of iterations to converge than the existing one with improved performance.
A study on the users' behaviors of P2P online lending platforms (2015)

The rapid development of communication technology of the Internet has given a rise to the transformative development of the financial industry. P2P online lending is one of the forms of online finance. It is a peer-to-peer funding and financing method, which has transformed the traditional funding and financing ways through the use of Internet. It has offered a convenient and fast online transaction platform for the public. This paper focus on two research questions: (1) what are the factors influencing the lending success rate of individual users on P2P online lending platform? (2) what are the factors depending the final interest rate of every transaction? This paper has gathered the personal lending history information of 100 users and detailed information lists of 80 success bids from PPDai.com, a P2P online lending platform. The results show that the number of accreditation and the borrowing credit have a most obvious impact on the lending success rate, while the lending credit has no obvious impact on it. The amount of lending, the borrowing credit rating, the number of accreditation and the lending success rate are key factors that influence the lending interest rate, whilst the time limit of lending has no obvious impact on the lending interest rate.
Dynamic event monitoring using unsupervised feature learning towards smart grid big data (2017)

In this paper, a novel framework for dynamic event monitoring in smart grid with synchrophasor data is proposed. The fundamental principle is that the nonstationary signatures of any dynamic event in the system will be captured by the data set collected from the phase measurement units (PMUs). The framework is performed in three steps: 1) Energy function components construction by using PMU data. Each of the component in the energy function, such as the load, transmission line, and generation, are formulated explicitly; 2) Unsupervised feature learning and fusion by using the energy function components. In the feature learning stage, stacked autoencoders (SAE) is used to learn representative features from each component. Then in the feature fusion stage, a shared representation between modalities is further learned; and 3) Supervised classifier training and online application. Classifier, such as a simple neural network, is trained for monitoring the system dynamics to detect and classify events. Compared with purely data-driven methods, the proposed framework utilizes the physical basis to understand and correlate the features with different events. Meanwhile, because of learning features automatically and adaptively, the proposed method reduces the need of human labor and can be more easy to process big data in smart grid. Simulation is carried out on IEEE 39-bus system, and the results show promising effectiveness on dynamic event detection and classification.
Yaw Stability Control Design Through a Mixed-Sensitivity Approach (2009)

In this paper, a vehicle dynamic control (VDC) system for tracking the desired vehicle behavior is developed. A 2-DOF control structure is proposed to prevent vehicle skidding during critical maneuvers through the application of differential braking between the right and left wheels in order to control yaw motion. The feedforward filter is a reference generator which computes the desired yaw rate on the basis of the steering angle, while the feedback controller is designed to track the reference as close as possible and to satisfy suitable loop robustness requirements. Mixed-sensitivity minimization techniques are exploited in order to design the loop controller. The performance of the control system is evaluated through the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system under both emergency maneuvers and noncritical driving conditions, i.e., when the VDC system is not supposed to intervene.
Molecular Products and Radicals from Pyrolysis of Lignin (2012)

Thermal degradation of lignin under two reaction regimes (pyrolysis in N(2) and oxidative pyrolysis in 4% O(2) in N(2)) has been investigated in a tubular, isothermal, flow-reactor over the temperature range 200-900 °C at a residence time of 0.2 s. Two experimental protocols were adopted: (1) Partial pyrolysis in which the same lignin sample was continuously pyrolyzed at each temperature and (2) conventional pyrolysis, in which new lignin samples were pyrolyzed at each pyrolysis temperature. The results identified common relationships between the two modes of experiments, as well as some differences. The majority of products from partial pyrolysis peaked between 300 and 500 °C, whereas for conventional pyrolysis reaction products peaked between 400 and 500 °C. The principal products were syringol (2,6-dimethoxy phenol), guaiacol (2-methoxy phenol), phenol, and catechol. Of the classes of compounds analyzed, the phenolic compounds were the most abundant, contributing over 40% of the total compounds detected. Benzene, styrene, and p-xylene were formed in significant amounts throughout the entire temperature range. Interestingly, six ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were formed during partial pyrolysis. Oxidative pyrolysis did not result in large differences from pyrolysis; the main products still were syringol, guaiacol, phenol, the only significant difference being the product distribution peaked between 200 and 400 °C. For the first time, low temperature matrix isolation electron paramagnetic resonance was successfully interfaced with the pyrolysis reactor to elucidate the structures of the labile reaction intermediates. The EPR results suggested the presence of methoxyl, phenoxy, and substituted phenoxy radicals as precursors for formation of major products; syringol, guaiacol, phenols, and substituted phenols.