gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic nature of breakdown at freeway merge junctions (1995)

Observation of field data collected as part of NCHRP Project 3-37 showed that at ramp merge junctions, breakdown may occur at flows lower than the maximum observed, or capacity, flows. Furthermore, it was observed that at the same site and for the same ramp and freeway flows, breakdown may or may not occur. After visual examination of traffic operations at sites where breakdown occurred, it was observed that immediately before breakdown, large ramp-vehicle clusters entered the freeway stream and disrupted traffic operations. It was concluded that breakdown is a probabilistic rather than deterministic event and is a function of ramp-vehicle cluster occurrence. Subsequently, a probabilistic model for describing the process of breakdown at ramp-freeway junctions was examined. The model gives the probability that breakdown will occur at given ramp and freeway flows and is based on ramp-vehicle cluster occurrence. Simulation of a data collection effort was conducted to establish the data requirements for model validation. It was concluded that the amount of data available was not adequate for precise validation of the probabilistic model.
A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based along track interferometry (ATI) approach to SAR-based ground moving target indication (GMTI) (2014)

Along-track interferometry (ATI) is used to detect ground moving targets against a stationary background in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. In this paper, we present a novel approach to multi-channel ATI wherein clutter cancellation is applied to each pixel of the multiple SAR images, followed by a Fourier transform to estimate range rate (Doppler). Range rate estimates allow us to compensate for the cross-range offset of the target, thus geo-locating the targets. We then present a number of benefits to this approach.
Synapse maintenance in the Where-What Networks (2011)

General object recognition in complex backgrounds is still challenging. On one hand, the various backgrounds, where object may appear at different locations, make it difficult to find the object of interest. On the other hand, with the numbers of locations, types and variations in each type (e.g., rotation) increasing, conventional model-based approaches start to break down. The Where-What Networks (WWNs) were a biologically inspired framework for recognizing learned objects (appearances) from complex backgrounds. However, they do not have an adaptive receptive field for an object of a curved contour. Leaked-in background pixels will cause problems when different objects look similar. This work introduces a new biologically inspired mechanism - synapse maintenance and uses both supervised (motor-supervised for class response) and unsupervised learning (synapse maintenance) to realize objects recognition. Synapse maintenance is meant to automatically decide which synapse should be active firing of the post-synaptic neuron. With the synapse maintenance, the network has achieved a significant improvement in the network performance.
Wireless Sensor Network based System for the Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections (2017)

Hospital acquired infections are a serious threat to the health and well-being of patients and medical staff within clinical units. Many of these infections arise as a consequence of medical personnel that come into contact with contaminated persons, surfaces or equipment and then with patients, without following proper hygiene procedures. In this paper we present our ongoing efforts in the development of a wireless sensor network based cyber-physical system which aims to prevent hospital infections by increasing compliance to established hygiene guidelines. The solution, currently developed under European Union funding integrates a network of sensors for monitoring clinical workflows and ambient conditions, a workflow engine that executes encoded workflow instances and monitoring software that provides real-time information in case of infection risk detection. As a motivating example, we employ the workflow in the general practitioner's office in order to comprehensively present types of sensors and their positioning in the monitored location. Using the information collected by deployed sensors, the system is capable of immediately detecting infection risks and taking action to prevent the spread of infections.
La legislació político-judicial de les Corts de 1599 a Catalunya (1987)

D'uns anys enca els temes institucionals no semblen, a simple vista, interessar gaire una gran part dels professionals de la historia, tot i que -es vulgui o noson almenys tan importants com I'estudi de qualsevol altre dels seus camps. A causa del predomini, en les darreres decades, de la historia economica o de la historia de les mentalitats, aquesta observacio es encara mes impactant en els aspectes relacionats amb les corts i la legislacio que aquestes assemblees generaven. Hi ha un buit historico-investigador que, a mes, es fa mes evident en I'epoca moderna, amb molta menor atraccio -potser perque s'intueix decadent-, que no els segles del classicisme medieval. No obstant aixo, durant el cinc-cents els resultats ccconstitucionals)) de les corts van ser abundants i complementaven i moltes vegades innovaven el llegat juridic del passat medieval. Les Corts de 1599 serien, en aquest sentit, la culminacio de tota una trajectoria foral, que s'aturaria precisament aleshores, un cop fracassa la convocatoria del 1626, i es constituirien per si mateixes en una fita que clogue tota una epoca i representa un punt referencial durant mes de cent anys de tot signe parlamentario-legislatiu. Per aixo la seva importancia es eloquent i I'interes d'una aproximacio als vessants politico-judicials -rectors de la vida publica i privada dels catalansno ha de ser discutit, ben per damunt de la disposicio massa sovint plumbia d'aquests estudis (mes propis dels historiadors del dret), que en altres moments ha invalidat gran part dels treballs previs,' i que obliga de nou l'historiador a una altra lectura mes detinguda i profunda de les seves constitucions i capitols de corts, restringida aqui -com ja s'ha ditals aspectes politicojudicials que son d'altra banda i sens dubte els mes importants. Ates?. la conegu-
Polymers Containing 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole Rings for Advanced Materials (2011)

This paper presents the synthesis, properties and potential applications of new polymers containing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole rings, tacking into account the requirements of the modern technologies. Two classes of polymers containing oxadiazole rings were approached: polyamides and polyimides. All the polymers were characterized with respect to the identification of their chemical structure, solubility, molecular weights, film forming ability, thermal, dielectric and optical properties, and the behaviour of polyoxadiazole films upon irradiation with pulsed KrF laser. All the properties were discussed in correlation with their chemical structure and compared with those of related polymers.
Bulk immunoassays for analysis of extracellular vesicles (2017)

There is increasing clinical interest in extracellular vesicles (EV) for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This review provides an overview of bulk immunoassays to analyse EV. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are still the two predominant bulk immunoassays. Recently, new assays have become available that can detect exposure to EV concentrations that are up to 10,000-fold lower. This is advantageous for applications that detect rare EV. Other important parameters are the detectable concentration range, the required sample volume, whether simultaneous presence of different antigens on a single EV can be detected, size selectivity of each assay and practical considerations. In this review, we will explain the working principles of the traditional and novel assays together with their performance parameters. The most sensitive assays are micro-nuclear magnetic resonance, surface plasmon resonance, and time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay.
Peak identification in capillary isoelectric focusing using the concept of relative peak position as determined by two isoelectric point markers (2006)

In CIEF analysis, sample peaks can be identified by their relative peak positions (RPP) that are determined using only two internal pI markers. The two internal pI marker peaks should bracket, as close as possible, the sample peaks. The RPP values of the sample peaks are then calculated using the pI values, peak positions of the two pI markers, and peak position of the sample. Use of this method can effectively compensate for pH gradient distortions that often occur as a result of salts. Also, as shown by the results of this paper, regardless of the linearity of the pH gradient established by the given carrier ampholytes, sample peaks can be identified within an SD of 0.1 pH unit in RPP (<2% RSD) as long as the sample is run using the same carrier ampholytes and maintaining salt concentrations in the range of 0-15 mM.
Bile salts, endotoxin and renal function in obstructive jaundice. (1987)

Surgical treatment for the relief of obstructive jaundice is still complicated by postoperative acute renal failure in almost 10 per cent of patients. Renal failure in the patient with jaundice is associated with the presence of bacterial endotoxin in the peripheral blood, and enteric endotoxin absorption is facilitated by the absence of bile salts from the intestine. Oral replacement of bile salts should prevent endotoxemia and renal failure. Forty-six patients with jaundice were studied. Twelve patients received sodium deoxycholate preoperatively, 12 received chenodeoxycholic acid and 22 acted as controls. Endotoxemia was measured by the limulus test and renal function assessed by 24 hour creatinine clearance. No patient given deoxycholate preoperatively had systemic endotoxemia or postoperative impairment of renal function. Endotoxemia was reduced in the chenodeoxycholic acid group, but not significantly, and renal function was not protected. Sodium deoxycholate is undergoing further evaluation in a multicenter randomized prospective study.
A Novel Automatic Hue Control System (1975)

Two basic new systems are introduced that significantly reduce the chromaticity errors associated with automatic hue control. The first system provides a good balance between performance and price; the second represents near optimum performance. Both systems produce a definite improvement over any of the conventional types of systems that significantly distort the colors, such as green, that are near the Q axis.
A standardized method for calculating blood loss (1997)

The use of such mathematical modeling to rapidly estimate a patient's blood loss has the potential to allow ready, objective comparisons between sites and even surgeons. It also allows for a more judicial and informed decision as to what (if any) blood should be available or what blood-conservation techniques should be employed for a specific patient.
Sealing and Non-Sealing Faults: ABSTRACT (1965)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Ferromagnetic materials: structure and properties (1994)

Soft magnetic alloys amorphous ferromagnetic alloys and ferrofluids ferrimagnetic materials permanent magnetic materials.
Natural killer‐cell activity under conditions reflective of tumor micro‐environment (1991)

Natural-killer(NK) activity was examined in the presence of low oxygen tension, low glucose concentration and acidic pH, to determine whether physical conditions present in the tumor micro-environment could play a role in down-regulating cytolytic activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with NK phenotype. Anoxia (0% O2), but not hypoxia (1% O2), significantly reduced NK activity, as did acidic pH (6.4 or 6.7). Low glucose concentration (6 mg/dl) did not impair NK activity. Combinations of either moderate (1% O2, 26 mg/dl glucose, pH 6.7) or extreme (0% O2, 6 mg/dl glucose, pH 6.4) alteration of physical conditions significantly reduced NK activity. This study indicates that the physico-chemical conditions present within solid tumors are capable of down-regulating NK activity.
Visible-light photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped NiTiO<sub>3</sub> thin films prepared by a co-sputtering process (2015)

NiTiO<sub>3</sub> thin films grown using a co-sputtering process exhibited well defined structural, morphological and optical characteristics, which showed enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity.
Streaming and congestion control using scalable video coding based on H.264/AVC (2006)

This paper presents a streaming system using scalable video coding based on H.264/AVC. The system provides a congestion control algorithm supported by channel bandwidth estimation of the client. It uses retransmission only for packets of the base layer to disburden the congested network. The bandwidth estimation allows for adjusting the transmission rate quickly to the current available bandwidth of the network. Compared to binomial congestion control, the proposed system allows for shorter start-up times and data rate adaptation. The paper describes the components of this streaming system and the results of experiments showing that the proposed approach works effectively for streaming video.
New Authentication Method for Mobile Centric Communications (2005)

This paper proposes a new authentication scheme for accessing contents, services and applications in both mobile device and Internet. A user first divide all the contents, services and applications in both mobile device and the Internet into four groups according to their importance: extremely confidential group (ECG) has security level SL=1, very confidential group (VCG) has SL=2, confidential group (CG) with SL=3 and free accessible group (FAG) with SL=4. If it is Internet content or service or application, the pair of username and password necessary for accessing it is put into the group. In order to access the items in the four groups, four authenticating methods are defined, which generates four active usage levels (AUL). Fingerprint plus password1 authentication generates AUL=1, which grants the right to access all four groups. Fingerprint alone generate AUL=2, which grants the right to access groups of VCG, CG and FAG. Password2 authenticating generates AUL=3, which grants right to access CG and FAG. Null authentication generates AUL=4, which is the default AUL and can only access items in FAG. Once an AUL is generated, user can not only access corresponding groups of information stored in the device but also use that mobile device to access corresponding groups of her/his Web accounts seamlessly without memorizing usernames and passwords. Whenever the user wants to access information stored in the mobile devices, or Web accounts provided by a third party, the security middleware obtains SL required to access them, compares the SL with the AUL. If the AUL is equal to or higher than the SL, the access is granted seamlessly and transparently to the user; otherwise, it asks to authenticate again to gain higher AUL, or the access is denied. After the access right to a device is granted, the user can at any time reset the AUL to 4, or the AUL can be set to 4 automatically after a predefined idle period.
The Cooling of Underground EHV Transmission Cables (1968)

Proposed cable cooling methods to increase the heat dissipation and rating of underground EHV cables are described. The factors governing the design of water cooled cable systems, obtained from an electrical analog, are presented and discussed together with both steady-state and transient operating conditions. Special cooling methods for cable joints are investigated and modifications to construction suggested. The use of special types of cable with enhanced heat transfer properties is considered.
Antioxidant Capacity, Vitamin C, Phenolics, and Anthocyanins after Fresh Storage of Small Fruits (1999)

Fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus Michx.), highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) were stored at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees C for up to 8 days to determine the effects of storage temperature on whole fruit antioxidant capacity (as measured by the oxygen radical absorbing capacity assay, Cao et al., Clin. Chem. 1995, 41, 1738-1744) and total phenolic, anthocyanin, and ascorbate content. The four fruit varied markedly in their total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant capacity was strongly correlated with the content of total phenolics (0.83) and anthocyanins (0.90). The antioxidant capacity of the two blueberry species was about 3-fold higher than either strawberries or raspberries. However, there was an increase in the antioxidant capacity of strawberries and raspberries during storage at temperatures >0 degrees C, which was accompanied by increases in anthocyanins in strawberries and increases in anthocyanins and total phenolics in raspberries. Ascorbate content differed more than 5-fold among the four fruit species; on average, strawberries and raspberries had almost 4-times more ascorbate than highbush and lowbush blueberries. There were no ascorbate losses in strawberries or highbush blueberries during 8 days of storage at the various temperatures, but there were losses in the other two fruit species. Ascorbate made only a small contribution (0.4-9.4%) to the total antioxidant capacity of the fruit. The increase observed in antioxidant capacity through postharvest phenolic synthesis and metabolism suggested that commercially feasible technologies may be developed to enhance the health functionality of small fruit crops.
The Variable Prime Cobe Membrane Lung: first impressions (1987)

The Variable Prime Cobe Membrane Lung (VPCM L) is intended to be used as a variable membrane package: any one of three combinations of membrane surface areas can be used, depending on the patient's requirements. We used all three membrane configurations and determined their performance with regard to gas transfer, haemodilution, blood trauma, pressure gradient and flow distribution. In addition, the ability of the VPCML to achieve a consistent level of blood gas control was studied. Heat exchanger performance was also assessed.
Delineation Between T and B Suppressive Molecules From Human Seminal Plasma: II. Spermine is the Major Suppressor of T‐Lymphocytes in Vitro (1990)

The nature of the human semen T-suppressor was investigated in vitro on human lymphocyte proliferations induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or by alloantigens. Purification by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by butanol extraction, showed this factor to be present only in the polyamine-containing fractions. The purified product, obtained by preparative thin-layer electrophoresis, contained almost exclusively spermine and exhibited the same suppressive activity as this polyamine. Human T-lymphocyte suppression occurred in the presence of fetal calf serum, but it did not occur in a serum-free medium. No suppression was observed after preincubation of the fetal calf serum with hydroxylamine, a spermine oxidase inhibitor, whereas a nondialyzable fraction, from normal human serum, decreased the suppression. The semen factor did not act by direct cytotoxicity, as there was no effect of preincubation and suppression could be induced only within the first 6 hr of mitogen activation. These data demonstrate that the in vitro T-suppressive activity of semen can be assigned mainly to spermine and show that in vivo this suppression must require locally the presence of a spermine oxidase or related enzyme.
The Effect of Mechanical Mold Vibration On the Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys (2006)

"Aluminum-Silicon and Aluminum-Copper alloys are important non-ferrous casting alloys. Different methods have been applied to improve their casting characteristics, their microstructure and consequently, their mechanical properties. Application of mechanical vibrations to the mold during solidification of the alloy is one of these methods. In this study, the effect of controlled mechanical vibrations on the dendrite coherency point, the hot tearing tendency, and the microstructure of B206, B390, and binary Al-7%Si alloys was evaluated. The dendrite coherency point was determined using the two-thermocouple method. The hot tearing tendency was evaluated using the crack susceptibility criterion (CSCb) and by means of measurements using a specially designed ring mold. Microstructure characterization was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with image analysis. It was found that mechanical vibrations refine the microstructure of the alloys; and, in the case of B390 alloy, it resulted in significant improvement in the distribution of the primary silicon particles. In the case of B206 and Al-7%Si alloys, where aluminum is the primary phase, mechanical vibrations caused the dendrite coherency point to shift towards lower temperature, i.e., towards higher fraction solid. This shift, together with the refinement of the grain structure, manifested itself in significant reduction in the incidence of hot tearing in B206 castings. "
Repair of articular defects by perichondrial graft: Experiments in the rabbit (1989)

A defect was created in the articular cartilage of the rabbit knee leaving the subchondral bone intact. The lesion was repaired by an autologous graft of costal perichondrium and fixed with fibrin glue. The result was compared with a nontreated defect in the contralateral knee. In 26 out of 30 knees, graft fixation proved to be adequate. In the grafted group the perichondrium developed macroscopically and histologically into normal hyaline cartilage. The nongrafted defects showed only limited repair.
Development of M2M Simulator for Mobile Network using Knapsack Algorithm (2013)

최근 국내외에서는 기존 인간의 통신 패러다임에서 사물(Thing)이 통신의 주체로 참여하는 사물인터넷(loT/M2M)의 시대가 본격화 되고 있다. 자동차, 냉장고, 자전거, 심지어 신발까지, 정보의 생성과 통신 기능이 탑재되면서 새로운 IT 기반의 융합서비스를 창출하고 있다[1]. 따라서 그 쓰임새와 활용도가 각종 분야로 점점 넓어지고 있으며, 기존의 통신에 비해 사용되는 단말의 수가 점점 증가하게 되면서 사물마다 전송되는 정보들의 수도 증가하고 있다. 각 그룹별로 나누어진 단말로부터 전송하는 각각의 데이터가 이동통신망을 이용하는데 있어 트래픽이 한계 상황에 도달하게 된다면 M2M 통신의 서비스 처리를 원활하게 하지 못하는 상황이 발생 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 M2M 통신에서 사용하게 될 이동통신망이 한계점에 도달했을 때 M2M 서비스의 원활한 처리를 위해 Knapsack Problem 알고리즘을 이용하여 가상의 시뮬레이터를 구현하였다. 가상의 시뮬레이터는 각각의 장비 그룹별로 데이터가 들어 오게 되면 이동통신망에서 우선적으로 처리해야 될 M2M 통신의 서비스의 처리부터 나중에 처리 될 서비스까지 원활한 처리방법을 위해 구현하였으며, M2M 기술이 더욱 발전하게 되어 점차 소형화 되는 사물들이 많아짐에 따라, 폭증하게 될 이동통신망에서 M2M 서비스를 처리하는 것이 원활하도록 도움을 줄 것이다. Recently, at Home and abroad, Internet of Things era things(Thing) is participating as a subject of communication in human communication paradigm of existing (lot/M2M) is in full swing. Automobile, refrigerator, bicycle, until shoes, and communication functions generation of information is installed and has created a fusion of new service IT infrastructure. Its use and application are broadening to various areas and the number of devices used for it is increasing to increase the number of information transmitted for each object. When the traffic reaches its limit while each set of data is transmitted from the devices divided into each group through the mobile network, M2M communications service might not be processed smoothly. This study used the Knapsack Problem algorithm to create a virtual simulator for a smooth M2M service when the mobile network used for the M2M communications reaches its limit. The virtual simulator applies smooth processing of services from the M2M communications that should be processed first to other subsequent services when data comes to each group of devices. As the M2M technology develops to make many objects more compact in size, it would help with smoother processing of M2M services for the mobile network with fast-increasing traffic.