gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles of publishing (2002)

Issues of authorship, duplicate publication and plagiarism in scientific journal papers can cause considerable conflict among members of research teams and embarrassment both for authors and editors. There is currently no set of guidelines for those seeking to publish their work in the Society’s journals, and there is much confusion about appropriate processes and decisions even among experienced authors. The recommendations on publishing outlined below are based on existing best-practice documents endorsed by the American Psychological Association (APA, 1992, 1994) and the British Medical Association (BMA, 1999). We also include case studies that offer the reader the opportunity to adjudicate on difficult cases and to test their decisions against our recommendations. This article does not represent Journals Committee policy but aims to generate debate and reactions from Society members. Both the Journals Committee and the Scientific Affairs Board are very keen to elicit members’ views about the principles of publishing described here.
MOVING THE EARTH - THE WORKBOOK OF EXCAVATION - THIRD EDITION (1976)

THE THIRD EDITION OF THIS BOOK IS DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS: (1) TREATMENT OF THE EXCAVATION PROCESS COMPRISING SITE CLEARANCE AND LARGE TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS. THE FIRST TEN CHAPTERS CONCERN THE EXCAVATION WORK ITSELF, HOW IT IS DONE, PROBLEMS ARISING AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANT. CHAPTER II RELATES TO FINANCE, ACCOUNTANCY, EVALUATION AND INSURANCE CONCERNING THE CONTRACTOR; (2) THE SECOND PART DISCUSSES MACHINERY. EACH MAIN TYPE OF EXCAVATOR, TRANSPORTER, LEVELLER, IS DISCUSSED AND ILLUSTRATED. THE MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS AND ASSEMBLIES, PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION, THE METHODS OF WORKING UNDER PARTICULAR CONDITIONS ARE DISCUSSED. SUGGESTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ARE GIVEN.
A Field Comparison among a Domeless Net Radiometer, Two Four-Component Net Radiometers, and a Domed Net Radiometer (2000)

The Kipp & Zonen NR-Lite is a newly designed domeless net radiometer. In preparation for the Oklahoma Atmospheric Surface-layer Instrumentation System (OASIS) Project, the NR-Lite was rigorously field tested for over eight months during 1998. Seven NR-Lites were compared to an Eppley four-component PSP/PIR net radiometer system, a Kipp & Zonen four-component CNR1, and a REBS Q*7.1. Measurement problems associated with calibration, precipitation, cosine response, and wind-induced error were examined. Results conclude that the NR-Lite is well-suited for experiments where remote, long-term measurements of net radiation are required.
QTL Mapping by Whole Genome Re-sequencing and Analysis of Candidate Genes for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice (2017)

Nitrogen is a major nutritional element in rice production. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has caused severe environmental pollution. Therefore, development of rice varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is urgent for sustainable agriculture. In this study, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with whole genome re-sequencing (WGS) technology was applied to finely map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for NUE. A key QTL, designated as <i>qNUE6</i> was identified on chromosome 6 and further validated by Insertion/Deletion (InDel) marker-based substitutional mapping in recombinants from F<sub>2</sub> population (NIL-13B4 × GH998). Forty-four genes were identified in this 266.5-kb region. According to detection and annotation analysis of variation sites, 39 genes with large-effect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and large-effect InDels were selected as candidates and their expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Significant differences in the expression levels of <i>LOC_Os06g15370</i> (peptide transporter PTR2) and <i>LOC_Os06g15420</i> (asparagine synthetase) were observed between two parents (Y11 and GH998). Phylogenetic analysis in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> identified two closely related homologs, <i>AT1G68570</i> (<i>AtNPF3.1</i>) and <i>AT5G65010</i> (<i>ASN2</i>), which share 72.3 and 87.5% amino acid similarity with <i>LOC_Os06g15370</i> and <i>LOC_Os06g15420</i>, respectively. Taken together, our results suggested that <i>qNUE6</i> is a possible candidate gene for NUE in rice. The fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of <i>qNUE6</i> provide the basis of molecular breeding for genetic improvement of rice varieties with high NUE, and lay the foundation for further cloning and functional analysis.
Web-Bootstrap Estimate of Area Under ROC Curve (2016)

The accuracy of binary discrimination models (discrimination between cases with and without any condition) is usually summarized by classification matrix (also called a confusion, assignment, or prediction matrix). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve can visualize the association between probabilities of incorrect classification of cases from the group without condition (False Positives) versus the probabilities of correct classification of cases from the group with condition (True Positives) across all the possible cut-point values of discrimination score. Area under ROC curve (AUC) is one of summary measures. This article describes the possibility of AUC estimate with the use of web based application of bootstrap (resampling). Bootstrap is useful mainly to data for which any distributional assumptions are not appropriate. The quality of the bootstrap application was evaluated with the use of a special programme written in C#.NET language that allows to automate the process of repeating different experiments. Estimates of AUC and confidence limits given by bootstrap method were compared with bi-normal and nonparametric estimates. Results indicate that usually bootstrap confidence intervals are narrower than nonparametric one, mainly for small data samples.
Properties and functions of the nucleocapsid protein in virus assembly (2010)

HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is a small basic protein generated by the cleavage of the Gag structural polyprotein precusor by the viral protease during virus assembly in the infected cell. HIV-1 NC possesses two copies of a highly conserved CCHC zinc finger (ZnF), flanked by basic residues. HIV-1 NC and more generally retroviral NC proteins are nucleic acid binding proteins possessing potent nucleic acid condensing and chaperoning activities. As such NC protein drives critical structural rearrangements of the genomic RNA, notably RNA dimerization in the course of virus assembly and viral nucleic acid annealing required for genomic RNA replication by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT). Here we review the relationships between the 3D structure of HIV-1 NC, notably the central globular domain encompassing the two zinc fingers and the basic linker and NC functions in the early and late phases of virus replication. One of the salient feature of the NC central globular domain is an hydrophobic plateau which appears to orchestrate the NC functions, such as chaperoning the conversion of the genomic RNA into viral DNA by RT during the early phase, and driving the selection and dimerization of the genomic RNA at the initial stage of viral particle assembly. This ensures a bona fide trafficking of early GagNC-genomic RNA complexes to the plasma membrane of the infected cell and ultimately virion formation and budding.
Accurate static branch prediction by value range propagation (1995)

The ability to predict at compile time the likelihood of a particular branch being taken provides valuable information for several optimizations, including global instruction scheduling, code layout, function inlining, interprocedural register allocation and many high level optimizations. Previous attempts at static branch prediction have either used simple heuristics, which can be quite inaccurate, or put the burden onto the programmer by using execution profiling data or source code hints. This paper presents a new approach to static branch prediction called value range propagation . This method tracks the weighted value ranges of variables through a program, much like constant propagation. These value ranges may be either numeric of symbolic in nature. Branch prediction is then performed by simply consulting the value range of the appropriate variable. Heuristics are used as a fallback for cases where the value range of the variable cannot be determined statically. In the process, value range propagation subsumes both constant propagation and copy propagation. Experimental results indicate that this approach produces significantly more accurate predictions than the best existing heuristic techniques. The value range propagation method can be implemented over any “factored” dataflow representation with a static single assignment property (such as SSA form or a dependence flow graph where the variables have been renamed to achieve single assignment). Experimental results indicate that the technique maintains the linear runtime behavior of constant propagation experienced in practice.
Accessing language specific linguistic information for triphone model generation: feature tables in a speech recognition system (2005)

This paper is concerned with a novel methodology for generating phonetic questions used in tree-based state tying for speech recognition. In order to implement a speech recognition system, language-dependent knowledge which goes beyond annotated material is usually required. The approach presented here generates phonetic questions for decision trees are based on a feature table that summarizes the articulatory characteristics of each sound. On the one hand, this method allows better language-specific triphone models to be defined given only a feature-table as linguistic input. On the other hand, the feature-table approach facilitates efficient definition of triphone models for other languages since again only a feature table for this language is required. The approach is exemplified with speech recognition systems for English and Thai.
High-pressure CO2-induced reduction of the melting temperature of ionic liquidsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fig. S1: ATR-IR spectrum of [C16mim][PF6] after it has been subjected to solution of ferrocene in CO2 at 50 °C and pressure of ca. 110 bar. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b202759c/ (2002)

An in situ ATR-IR spectroscopic study has shown that high-pressure CO2 reduces melting temperature of ionic liquids such as [C16mim][PF6].
AIP1 Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Limiting Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction (2013)

Our data demonstrate that loss of AIP1 in aortic EC primarily contributes to the exacerbated lesion expansion in the ApoE(-/-)AIP1(-/-) mice, revealing an important role of AIP1 in limiting inflammation, EC dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
Design Considerations of Miniaturized Least Dispersive Periodic Slow-Wave Structures (2008)

Slow-wave structures using distributed periodic inductive and capacitive loadings have found many microwave circuit applications as left-handed (bandpass) or right-handed (low-pass) transmission lines. A large slow-wave factor (SWF) could result in a much smaller passive component, but also a much lower bandgap (cutoff) frequency and a larger dispersion. This paper addresses the issues and the design tradeoff between the SWF, group delay (dispersion), and the cutoff frequency of a right-handed (low-pass) quasi-lumped transmission line. A new two-layer transmission line structure using 3-D substrate metallization with an SWF of 5.8 is designed. A prototype of a 3-GHz branch-line coupler with a 70% size reduction using such a transmission line structure is fabricated and tested.
Cavity-Based Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (CBMRS) in the THz: A Bridge Between High- and Low-Resolution Techniques for Sensor and Spectroscopy Applications (2017)

System technologies and sensor applications in the THz largely bifurcate between high-resolution (<;1 MHz) and low-resolution (>1 GHz) methods. There is an extensive high-resolution literature and many approaches to low-resolution spectroscopy have been proposed and demonstrated. In this paper, we discuss and apply an approach, cavity-based medium resolution spectroscopy (CBMRS) that is applicable continuously across this intermediate resolution gap. CBMRS systems use high brightness and spectrally pure continuous wave electronic sources to determine absolute absorption coefficients by the measurement of 100-1000 mode widths of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. This eliminates the challenge of distinguishing broad spectral features from a complicated baseline that results from variations in source power, transmission efficiency, and detector response. CBMRS has many fewer data points than observed with high-resolution systems interrogating near Doppler-limited spectra. Thus, CBMRS sacrifices the “absolute” specificity of high resolution Doppler-limited systems, but still can retain excellent specificity. Indeed, this smaller sampling does not set the specificity limit, but rather it is set by whether or not the analyte has a specific THz signature. Results from pressure broadened (including atmospheric pressure) applications and molecules with dense and/or quasi-continuous spectra will be presented. Comparisons with related observations in the literature are discussed.
The computer desktop encyclopedia (1997)

From the Publisher:
Highly readable, this comprehensive encyclopedia features over 1,000 pages of clear, concise definitions and explanations of everything you need to know about computers, including acronyms and buzzwords; the inner and outer workings of the PC; industry history and data on the movers and shakers; standards and compatibility; networking and communications; workstations, parallel processing, and UNIX; multimedia and optical storage; and the Internet and World Wide Web. Packed with more than 800 illustrations, photos, and charts, The Computer Desktop Encyclopedia is perfect for anyone who needs to field questions from nontechnical people or simply wants a deeper understanding of all things computer. Unrivaled in depth and content and immensely easy to use, The Encyclopedia is also available on CD-ROM, with or without paperback.
KmrA Multidrug Efflux Pump from Klebsiella pneumoniae (2006)

We cloned a gene responsible for multidrug resistance from the chromosomal DNA of Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH78578 that showed multidrug resistance. We designated the gene kmrA. The deduced amino acid sequence of KmrA was similar to that of SmvA that is responsible for methyl viologen-resistance in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi and Typhimurium. Introduction of the cloned kmrA gene into drug-hypersensitive Escherichia coli KAM32 cells made them resistant to acriflavine, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Hoechst 33342, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPCl), methyl viologen and ethidium bromide. We observed elevated energy-dependent efflux of ethidium in E. coli cells carrying the kmrA gene compared with control cells. We also cloned the smvA gene from S. enterica sv. Typhimurium LT2 and investigated the resistance pattern for several drugs. The pattern was similar between KmrA from K. pneumoniae and SmvA from S. enterica.
The Democratic State (1985)

One outcome of the declining economic growth and rising political conflict of the 1980s has been a renewed interest in political theory and increased questioning about the durability of the capitalist state. More and more political scientists are critically assessing the prevailing pluralist vision of the relationships between the state and the economy. Is the capitalist state able to adjust to crises and contradictions? What is the role of the state in changing—deteriorating—economic circumstances? How should we understand competing interpretations on the relative autonomy of the state, the nature of property rights, the legitimation crisis? This collection of five original essays by seven of the best-known political-economy theorists addresses the interconnections between the economy and the polity and embodies the leading theoretical approaches to the political economy of the state. Description Roger Benjamin was president of the Council for Aid to Education (CAE) from 2005 to 2019 and was formerly provost of the University of Minnesota and the University of Pittsburgh. He has authored, coauthored, or co-edited nine books, including The Democratic Purposes of Education and The New Limits of Education Policy: Avoiding a Tragedy of the Commons. Stephen L. Elkin is professor emeritus of government and politics at the University of Maryland and founding editor of the journal The Good Society. He is the author or editor of seven books, including Reconstructing the Commercial Republic: Constitutional Design after Madison. This Kansas Open Books title is funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Edited by Roger Benjamin and Stephen L. Elkin. Contributors include Peter H. Aranson, Roger Benjamin, David Braybrooke, Stephen L. Elkin, Norman Furniss, and Peter C. Ordeshook.
Improvement of Electrical Characteristics of Pt-Diffused Devices (1995)

Improvement of the electrical characteristics of Pt-diffused p + n diodes is achieved by reducing Pt-induced adverse effects. Platinum diffusion induces diffusion of mobile Pt ions into SiO 2 films and also changes the surface condition near the Si-SiO 2 interface. The former makes the devices unstable and the latter causes increase of leakage current. It is found that mobile Pt ions can be fixed in phosphosilicate glass (PSG) by fabricating metal-phosphosilicate glass-oxide-silicon (MGOS) structures. The reduction of the leakage current is carried out by improving the surface condition near the Si-SiO 2 interface. It is revealed that the Pt-diffused p + n diodes having a PSG film on SiO 2 film and a (100) substrate instead of a (111) substrate, which is conventionally used in power devices, are useful for both the preservation of electrical stability and the reduction of leakage current.
A Conceptual Model for Dynamic Clustering in Object Databases (1992)

Abstract 1 Introduct ion In object-oriented database systems, it is assumed silently that fundamental object types and inter-object relationships can be classified statically, prescribing basic structural and behavioral properties for all the objects in the database. Such a classification-based ap-proach falls short of supporting those data-intensive applications requiring more advanced dynamic func-tions. A particular kind of such advanced functions is “dynamic clustering ”- the ability to group/cluster existing objects to form typeless, ad-hoc collections (called “clusters”) which are directly denotable and employable. Such clusters can be formed by taking copies or by including the Oids of the input objects, and can be explicitly defined or indefinitely defined, exhibiting thus different impacts and characteristics, ranging from loosely-coupled to tightly-coupled ones. In this paper we describe an on-going project of de-vising a conceptual clustering model. A real life DB application is used as a basis for testing and evaluating the model. An implementation prototype has been im-plemented, based on a comprehensive object database programming system.
Minto 1932: The Origins and Significance of a New Brunswick Labour Landmark (2007)

This study considers the significance of the the death of three children and two adults in a local mine shaft in Minto, New Brunswick, on 28 July 1932 and of the act of commemoration 50 years later. It examines the impact of the disaster on individuals, families and the community as well as its influence on the adoption of mine safety laws and the administration of workers’ compensation. A relatively obscure episode in the larger history of casualties of the industrial revolution, this event contributed to the recognition of New Brunswick workers and their place in provincial society.
Serum interleukin 17 and interleukin 18 levels in familial Mediterranean fever. (2006)

Our data suggest that IL-17 and IL-18 contribute to the cytokine network in the inflammatory cascade of FMF. However, their roles for the initiation of FMF attacks remain to be established.
Integrated S band mixers (2005)

This paper describes the approaches used and some of the results obtained building integrated mixers in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> band. These mixers are built with a unique "bilithic" Schottky-barrier diode chip and evaporated microstrip circuitry on alumina dielectric. Mixer noise figures are less than 7.5 db with local oscillator powers of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\approx 3</tex> to 30 mw. The impedances are <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50 \Omega</tex> in and out with the signal input VSWR being less than 1.5/1 over the local oscillator range and a bandwidth of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm 15</tex> %.
Modulation of Dengue/Zika Virus Pathogenicity by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement and Strategies to Protect Against Enhancement in Zika Virus Infection (2018)

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which preexisting poorly neutralizing antibodies leads to enhanced infection. It is a serious concern with mosquito-borne flaviviruses such as Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). <i>In vitro</i> experimental evidences have indicated the preventive, as well as a pathogenicity-enhancing role, of preexisting DENV antibodies in ZIKV infections. ADE has been confirmed in DENV but not ZIKV infections. Principally, the Fc region of the anti-DENV antibody binds with the fragment crystallizable gamma receptor (FcγR), and subsequent C1q interactions and immune effector functions are responsible for the ADE. In contrast to normal DENV infections, with ADE in DENV infections, inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and a reduction in IRF-1 gene expression, NOS2 levels, and RIG-1 and MDA-5 expression levels occurs. FcγRIIA is the most permissive FcγR for DENV-ADE, and under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha transcriptionally enhances expression levels of FcγRIIA, which further enhances ADE. To produce therapeutic antibodies with broad reactivity to different DENV serotypes, as well as to ZIKV, bispecific antibodies, Fc region mutants, modified Fc regions, and anti-idiotypic antibodies may be engineered. An in-depth understanding of the immunological and molecular mechanisms of DENV-ADE of ZIKV pathogenicity will be useful for the design of common and safe therapeutics and prophylactics against both viral pathogens. The present review discusses the role of DENV antibodies in modulating DENV/ZIKV pathogenicity/infection and strategies to counter ADE to protect against Zika infection.
Soft imprint lithography using swelling/deswelling characteristics of a polymer mold and a resist induced by a poor solvent (2009)

In this paper, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH) were chosen for demonstrating a solvent-assisted imprint process working at room temperature and low pressure (∼0.01 MPa) with a soft mold. The poor solvent molecules, EtOH, cause a physical swelling reaction in both the PDMS mold and the PMMA resist. The swollen PMMA gel has excellent filling capability for application in imprinting lithography. During imprinting the PDMS mold absorbs the poor solvent in the resist by swelling, which deswells the PMMA gel and helps pattern setting. This new idea can be applied extensively to the micro-/ nanoimprint lithography and plastics industry to prepare micron and nanometer scale structures. Additionally, by controlling the imprinting conditions, we can get a residual-layer-free pattern through the phenomenon of polymer dewetting.