gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of intracavity laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1980)

An experimental investigation was made of the dependence of the signal in intracavity laser magnetic resonance (LMR) spectroscopy on the modulation frequency (frequency characteristic). It was found that a simple theory developed in the approximation of kinetic equations, small gain per pass, and exponential relaxation of the active medium described qualitatively the experimental data. A quantitative agreement was obtained only to within a factor of 2. Experimental and theoretical studies were made of the frequency characteristics of a laser containing a saturable absorbing gas inside the resonator. It was found that for certain values of the parameters of this gas the resonance peak of the frequency characteristic could have an unlimited amplitude. The behavior of the frequency characteristic was analyzed bearing in mind the behavior of its poles. An estimate was obtained of the influence of small amounts of a saturable gas on the sensitivity of an LMR spectrometer in the case of resonance and adiabatic modulations.
Identification of Novel Functional Differences in Monocyte Subsets Using Proteomic and Transcriptomic Methods (2009)

Human blood monocytes can be broadly divided into two distinct subsets: CD14+CD16- and CD14+/lowCD16+ subsets. Perturbation in their proportions in the blood has been observed in several disease conditions. Although numerous phenotypic and functional differences between the two subsets have already been described, the roles contributed by each subset during homeostasis or disease conditions are still largely unclear. To uncover novel differences to aid in elucidating their functions, we perform a global analysis of the two subsets utilizing both proteomics and transcriptomics approaches. From the proteomics and transcriptomics data, the expression of 613 genes by the two subsets is detected at both the protein and mRNA levels. These 613 genes are assessed for up-regulation in each subset at the protein and mRNA levels using a cutoff fold change of > or =|1.5| between subsets. Proteins and mRNAs up-regulated in each subset are then mapped in silico into biological functions. This mapping reveals copious functional differences between the subsets, many of which are seen at both protein and mRNA levels. For instance, expression of genes involved in F(CY) receptor-mediated phagocytosis are up-regulated in the CD14+/lowCD16+ subset, while those involved in antimicrobial function are up-regulated in the CD14+CD16- subset. We uncover novel functional differences between the monocyte subsets from differences in gene expression at the protein and mRNA levels. These functional differences would provide new insights into the different roles of the two monocyte subsets in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses.
The Preparation and Properties of Aldehydes Containing Deuterium in the Functional Group (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Properties of Aldehydes Containing Deuterium in the Functional GroupA. F. Thompson and N. H. CromwellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 6, 1374–1376Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01875a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01875a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyrrolidine-5,5-<i>trans</i>-lactams. 1. Synthesis and Incorporation into Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease (2002)

[reaction: see text] In this, the first of two letters, we outline the use of the pyrrolidine-5,5-trans-lactam template to design small, neutral, mechanism-based inhibitors of hepatitis C NS3/4A protease. The hitherto unreported reaction of the acyl iminium ion precursor 4 with dialkyl-substituted silyl ketene acetals (e.g., 8b) is described. Compound 12b, with a spirocyclobutyl P1 substituent and a cyclopropylacyl substituent on the lactam nitrogen, has a k(obs)/I of 400 M(-)(1) s(-)(1) and demonstrates activity in a replicon cell-based surrogate HCV assay.
Extreme Ultraviolet Spectra of Emission from Plasma Focus. III. AlV to IX and SiVI to X Ion Lines from 60 to 350 Å (1982)

Multiply-ionized Al- and Si-ions were produced in plasma focus discharges in He or Ar ambient gas using various electrodes. The extreme ultraviolet spectra of emissions from Al-and Si-ions were observed in the wavelength range from 60 to 500 Å with a grazing incidence spectrograph. The observed lines were mainly 2s-electron excitation lines from AlV(2s 2 2p 5 ) to IX(2s 2 2p) (or SiVI to X) for discharges in Ar gas and 2p-electron excitation lines from AlV(2s 2 2p 5 ) to VII(2s 2 2p 3 ) (or SiVI to VIII) for discharges in He. The relative line-intensities were determined, and the Al- and Si-ion lines observed have been tabulated together with their relative intensities. The results show anomalous population distributions among the 2s-electron excitation levels in AlVII to IX (or SiVIII to X) ions for the discharges in Ar gas, and these anomalous distributions are discussed in this paper.
A combined alkaline unwinding/Southern blotting assay for measuring low levels of cellular DNA breakage within specific genomic regions. (1992)

A method is described which combines alkaline induced DNA unwinding and Southern blotting to measure DNA damage occurring in specific genomic regions. Damage induced by gamma-rays at levels as low as 2 Gy was measured in bulk DNA and in a one megabase region surrounding the actively transcribed oncogene, c-myc, as well as in the inactive alpha-satellite DNA of chromosome 17. Although the unwinding kinetics for bulk DNA were consistent with random strand breakage throughout the genome as a whole, measurements at specific loci indicated that the region encompassing c-myc was at least 2-fold more susceptible to damage than either the bulk of the genome or the alpha-satellite region. The results of this study indicate that the combined alkaline unwinding/Southern blotting assay is a sensitive method for the detection of DNA damage within specific chromatin regions, at biologically relevant doses.
Infrared spectrometry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared spectrometryCurtis L. Putzig, M. Anne. Leugers, Marianne L. McKelvy, Gary E. Mitchell, Richard A. Nyquist, Richard R. Papenfuss, and Lori. YurgaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 12, 270–302Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00036a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00036a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views983Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a Ring Laser for Polarimetric Measurements (1967)

In this paper a method for the measurement of small optical rotations by using a ring laser of special design is described. The proposed instrument could be used, for example, to measure small optical rotations in the near ir, caused by vibration bands of organic substances. The development of the ring laser is discussed. A general theory concerning the states of polarization of a laser with an anisotropic cavity is presented. The dynamic behavior of the state of polarization, as a function of an axial magnetic field, in cavities with linear and circular anisotropies is analyzed. This analysis has led to two methods of polarimetric measurements, which are discussed in detail. The experimental setup is given.
Intact Ca2+-binding sites are required for targeting of annexin 1 to endosomal membranes in living HeLa cells (2000)

Annexin 1 is a Ca(2+)-regulated membrane binding protein and a major substrate of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. Because of its properties and intracellular distribution, the protein has been implicated in endocytic trafficking of the receptor, in particular in receptor sorting occurring in multivesicular endosomes. Up to now, however, the localization of annexin 1 to cellular membranes has been limited to subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemical analyses of fixed cells. To establish its localization in live cells, we followed the intracellular fate of annexin 1 molecules fused to the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). We show that annexin 1-GFP associates with distinct, transferrin receptor-positive membrane structures in living HeLa cells. A GFP chimera containing the Ca(2+)/phospholipid-binding protein core of annexin 1 also shows a punctate intracellular distribution, although the structures labeled here do not resemble early but, at least in part, late endosomes. In contrast, the cores of annexins 2 and 4 fused to GFP exhibit a cytoplasmic or a different punctate distribution, respectively, indicating that the highly homologous annexin core domains carry distinct membrane specificities within live cells. By inactivating the three high-affinity Ca(2+) binding sites in annexin 1 we also show that endosomal membrane binding of the protein in live HeLa cells depends on the integrity of these Ca(2+) binding sites. More detailed analysis identifies a single Ca(2+) site in the second annexin repeat that is crucially involved in establishing the membrane association. These results reveal for the first time that intracellular membrane binding of an annexin in living cells requires Ca(2+) and is mediated in part through an annexin core domain that is capable of establishing specific interactions.
One-Pot Preparation and Uranyl Adsorption Properties of Hierarchically Porous Zirconium Titanium Oxide Beads using Phase Separation Processes to Vary Macropore Morphology (2010)

A simple and engineering friendly one-step process has been used to prepare zirconium titanium mixed oxide beads with porosity on multiple length scales. In this facile synthesis, the bead diameter and the macroporosity can be conveniently controlled through minor alterations in the synthesis conditions. The precursor solution consisted of poly(acrylonitrile) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to which was added block copolymer Pluronic F127 and metal alkoxides. The millimeter-sized spheres were fabricated with differing macropore dimensions and morphology through dropwise addition of the precursor solution into a gelation bath consisting of water (H(2)O beads) or liquid nitrogen (LN(2) beads). The inorganic beads obtained after calcination (550 °C in air) had surface areas of 140 and 128 m(2) g(-1), respectively, and had varied pore architectures. The H(2)O-derived beads had much larger macropores (5.7 μm) and smaller mesopores (6.3 nm) compared with the LN(2)-derived beads (0.8 μm and 24 nm, respectively). Pluronic F127 was an important addition to the precursor solution, as it resulted in increased surface area, pore volume, and compressive yield point. From nonambient XRD analysis, it was concluded that the zirconium and titanium were homogeneously mixed within the oxide. The beads were analyzed for surface accessibility and adsorption rate by monitoring the uptake of uranyl species from solution. The macropore diameter and morphology greatly impacted surface accessibility. Beads with larger macropores reached adsorption equilibrium much faster than the beads with a more tortuous macropore network.
Development of Electronic Fan Control Systems (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine cooling fan systems for off-highway machinery require a significant amount of horsepower and contribute to the overall noise level of the machine. Reducing fan speed in times of low cooling demand provides a means to reduce vehicle noise levels and divert engine horsepower from the fan to do productive work. The fan must, however, continue to provide adequate airflow when demanded by the cooling system. Electronic fan controls that modulate fan speed to meet changing cooling system requirements provide the above advantages.</div>
Structural Evolution in Cationic Micelles upon Incorporation of a Polar Organic Dopant (2004)

Micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), when doped with increasing levels of 4-ethylphenol, show microstructural transitions from spherical micelles to elongated wormlike micelles, disks, and subsequently to globular and then to tubular vesicles. Wormlike micelles are observed at a dopant-to-CTAB molar ratio of 1:3. At higher dopant ratios (1:1), globular vesicles are observed which transition to tubular vesicles when the dopant becomes the predominant species at a ratio of 3:1. These transitions are reflected in small-angle neutron scattering analysis and, interestingly, can be directly observed through cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The para-substituted phenol is interfacially active and modulates interfacial curvature of the micelles. The observations of microstructure modifications have relevance to the synthesis of mesoporous materials using CTAB as the template.
Selective removal of clonogenic neoplastic B cells from human bone marrow using anti-HLA-DQ antibodies and complement. (1986)

Polymorphic HLA-DQ (DC/MB) determinants appeared to be not expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), using several murine monoclonal and human polyclonal antibodies in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. Since mature HLA-DR-positive malignant lymphoma cells prove to be HLA-DQ positive, an attempt was made to remove clonogenic neoplastic DQwl-positive B cells selectively from DQwl-positive marrow samples without affecting hematopoietic progenitor cells. Using a combination of a clonogenic tumor cell assay, an HPC culture assay, and a mixed-tumor-cell-HPC culture assay, selective elimination of more than 98% of clonogenic neoplastic cells from tumor-cell-contaminated bone marrow suspensions was achieved with monoclonal anti-DQ antibodies and complement without depletion of HPC. These results indicate that anti-HLA-DQ antibodies can be used in autologous bone marrow transplantation to deplete the bone marrow cell suspension of DQ-positive malignant cells.
On-Line Error Detection in Digital Microfluidic Biochips (2012)

Digital microfluidic technology is being increasingly used for implementing a lab-on-a-chip with many life-critical applications. Testing of these biochips is thus indispensable not only after manufacture, but also during in-field operation. To keep the product cost (including both design and test) low for disposable biochips, efficient on-line test techniques are desirable. All previous on-line test mechanisms interleave testing and the target bioassay protocol, but they involve overhead such as use of separate test droplet(s) and increased completion time. In this paper, we propose a simple on-line error-detection methodology that can be performed concurrently with the normal operation of the system with no or little extra effort. The proposed procedure does not require any test droplet. In the case of incorrect operation, the error is detected on or before the completion of the bioassay. The main objective of the proposed strategy is to ensure the correctness of the executed assay on-chip and not to guarantee the absence of a defect in the chip. The given assay protocol is assumed to be executed correctly if the on-line procedure finishes with success. The assay is aborted as soon as an error is detected, thereby saving costly sample/reagents. Moreover, the scheme can be easily adopted to enhance diagnosis.
Deficiency in crumbs homolog 2 (<i>Crb2</i>) affects gastrulation and results in embryonic lethality in mice (2011)

The Crumbs family of transmembrane proteins has an important role in the differentiation of the apical membrane domain in various cell types, regulating such processes as epithelial cell polarization. The mammalian Crumbs protein family is composed of three members. Here, we inactivated the mouse Crb2 gene with gene-targeting techniques and found that the protein is crucial for early embryonic development with severe abnormalities appearing in Crb2-deficient embryos at late-gastrulation. Our findings indicate that the primary defect in the mutant embryos is disturbed polarity of the epiblast cells at the primitive streak, which affects epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during gastrulation, resulting in impaired mesoderm and endoderm formation, and embryonic lethality by embryonic day 12.5. These findings therefore indicate a novel role for the Crumbs family of proteins.
The interpretation of site-directed mutagenesis experiments by linear free energy relations (1990)

Fersht and co-workers have applied a linear free energy relation (Brønsted equation) to analyze site-directed mutagenesis experiments involving the enzyme tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and have suggested that the Brønsted exponent is linearly correlated with the value of the reaction coordinate at the transition state. We point out that when the mutants differ solely through the formation or deletion of a hydrogen bond away from the reaction center, a linear free energy relation is expected only in limiting cases for which the Brønsted relation exponent is 0, 1 or infinity. The results may be correlated with a conformational coordinate but not with the development of the reaction coordinate per se.
Ethylene production in <i><scp>B</scp>otrytis cinerea‐</i> and oligogalacturonide‐induced immunity requires calcium‐dependent protein kinases (2015)

Plant immunity against pathogens is achieved through rapid activation of defense responses that occur upon sensing of microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, respectively referred to as MAMPs and DAMPs. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), linear fragments derived from homogalacturonan hydrolysis by pathogen-secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes, and flg22, a 22-amino acid peptide derived from the bacterial flagellin, represent prototypical DAMPs and MAMPs, respectively. Both types of molecules induce protection against infections. In plants, like in animals, calcium is a second messenger that mediates responses to biotic stresses by activating calcium-binding proteins. Here we show that simultaneous loss of calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects Arabidopsis thaliana basal as well as elicitor- induced resistance to the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, by affecting pathogen-induced ethylene production and accumulation of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and 6 (ACS6). Moreover, ethylene signaling contributes to OG-triggered immunity activation, and lack of CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects the duration of OG- and flg22-induced gene expression, indicating that these kinases are shared elements of both DAMP and MAMP signaling pathways.
Differentially abundant mRNAs in rat liver in response to diets containing soy protein isolate (2002)

Soy diets influence cell growth, regulate lipid metabolism to lower blood cholesterol, and prevent bone losses. These biological effects are most likely due to effects of soy phytochemicals on the expression of genes. In this study, we fed 12 female obese Zucker rats (fa/fa) with a low- or a high-isoflavone soy protein diet and compared the gene expression with animals on a casein diet. Rat livers were compared by differential display of mRNA, and 62 unique sequences were identified. The change in mRNA abundance of these sequences was quantified by cDNA macroarray analysis. Thirty-three mRNAs showed more than twofold increase in abundance on soy diets compared with the control. The corresponding genes include carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, stromal cell-derived factor 1, a protein associated with MYC mRNA, basic transcription element binding protein, and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of unknown function. Twenty-nine mRNAs showed a less than twofold change in abundance in the two diet treatments. For majority of the genes identified, there was not significant difference between the low- and high-isoflavone diet treatments. Therefore, the contrast between soy protein and casein caused the changes observed in mRNA abundance.
The let-7 microrna reduces tumor growth in mouse models of lung cancer (2008)

LB-194 Lung cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer worldwide and accounts for the most cancer deaths. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-protein coding RNAs that have recently emerged as important regulators of gene expression and direct proper cellular growth, differentiation and cell death - all mechanisms that go awry in cancer. The let-7 miRNA is postulated to function as a tumor suppressor gene in a variety of human tissues, particularly in the lung, by negatively regulating the post-transcriptional expression of multiple oncogenes including RAS, MYC, and HMGA2, as well as other cell cycle progression genes. Here we have used both in vitro and in vivo approaches to show that let-7 directly represses cancer growth in  the lung. We show that let-7 inhibits the growth of multiple human lung cancer cell lines in culture, as well as the growth of lung cancer cell xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Using the established Lox-Stop-Lox K-ras mouse lung cancer model, we find that intranasal let-7 administration can reduce tumor formation in vivo in the lungs of animals expressing a G12D activating mutation for the K-ras oncogene. These findings support the notion that let-7 functions as a tumor suppressor in the lung and indicates that this miRNA could be used as a therapeutic agent to treat lung cancer.