gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cocaine Increases the Endothelial Release of Immunoreactive Endothelin and Its Concentrations in Human Plasma and Urine (1998)

The data suggest that cocaine increases the endothelin-1 release in vitro and in vivo. The cocaine-induced vasoconstriction/vasospasm may therefore be facilitated by the release of endothelin-1. Cocaine appears to be an exogenous stimulator at endothelial sigma-receptors. The endogenous ligands of this antiopioid system may prove to play a role in vasospastic angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
A clustered overlapping sphere algorithm to represent real particles in discrete element modelling (2009)

An algorithm is presented for representing irregular particles as clusters of overlapping spheres, for use within discrete element method (DEM) simulations of particulates. The algorithm is sufficiently fast to be implemented on desktop computers. Although volume and moment of inertia comparisons of resulting clusters with prototypical geometric data show that in the region of 50 to 100 spheres may be needed to represent a particle, actual DEM simulations of an unstable pile of simulated particles show that only 10 or so spheres may be sufficient to capture the mechanics of the system.
Synthesis and Characterization of some Alkyl Polyglycosides Surfactants (2008)

Abstract Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) of different hydrocarbon chain lengths were prepared using an indirect method involving the condensation of fatty alcohol with dextrose. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques, primarily Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The surface properties of the solutions containing different concentrations of the prepared APGs were determined at different temperatures. The results of the spectroscopic analysis demonstrate that these materials were prepared through the correct techniques, producing pure materials. The results of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) determination demonstrate that the surface properties of these compounds depend mainly on the nature of their hydrophobic component.
Institutional Racism and Sentencing Disparities for Cocaine Possession (1999)

Abstract With the advent of the Reagan-Bush years came the contemporary “war on drugs” and a mounting drug frenzy that has had a profound impact on the lives of black men in American society. Connections between race and drug use are nothing new. At one time or another, many racial and ethnic groups in this country have been victimized by being linked as a group to some type of illicit drug use. Most recently, such links can be seen in the 1986 and 1988 federal legislation regarding cocaine possession. In 1986, the U.S. Congress for the first time established minimum mandatory sentences for federal cocaine offenses. While initially the legislation applied to trafficking, it was extended to simple possession in 1988. The critical element was a distinction between crack and powder cocaine, and societal images of which racial groups use which form of the drug and beliefs about violence involved with crack cocaine. This paper is an effort to document the role of institutional racism in the making and implementation of social policy. Institutional racism refers to practices in social institutions and organizations that favor one racial group over another. In terms of possession of cocaine, black men are far overepresented in terms of arrests, convictions, and sentences to prison. These policies have deeply affected the lives of many young black men and their families, friends, and communities.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the glpD gene encoding sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1994)

Nitrosoguanidine-induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants which were unable to utilize glycerol as a carbon source were isolated. By utilizing PAO104, a mutant defective in glycerol transport and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpD), the glpD gene was cloned by a phage mini-D3112-based in vivo cloning method. The cloned gene was able to complement an Escherichia coli glpD mutant. Restriction analysis and recloning of DNA fragments located the glpD gene to a 1.6-kb EcoRI-SphI DNA fragment. In E. coli, a single 56,000-Da protein was expressed from the cloned DNA fragments. An in-frame glpD'-'lacZ translational fusion was isolated and used to determine the reading frame of glpD by sequencing across the fusion junction. The nucleotide sequence of a 1,792-bp fragment containing the glpD region was determined. The glpD gene encodes a protein containing 510 amino acids and with a predicted molecular weight of 56,150. Compared with the aerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from E. coli, P. aeruginosa GlpD is 56% identical and 69% similar. A similar comparison with GlpD from Bacillus subtilis reveals 21% identity and 40% similarity. A flavin-binding domain near the amino terminus which shared the consensus sequence reported for other bacterial flavoproteins was identified.
Induction of Endothelial Phenotype from Wharton's Jelly-Derived MSCs and Comparison of Their Vasoprotective and Neuroprotective Potential with Primary WJ-MSCs in CA1 Hippocampal Region Ex Vivo (2016)

Ischemic stroke results in violent impairment of tissue homeostasis leading to severe perturbation within the neurovascular unit (NVU) during the recovery period. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originating from Wharton's jelly (WJ) to differentiate into functionally competent cells of endothelial lineage (WJ-EPCs). The protective effect(s) of either primary WJ-MSCs or induced WJ-EPCs was investigated and compared after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) of hippocampal organotypic slices (OHC) in the indirect coculture model. WJ-MSCs, primed in EGM-2 (Lonza commercial medium) under 5% O2, acquired cobblestone endothelial-like morphology, formed capillary-like structures and actively took up DiI-Ac-LDL. Both cell types (WJ-MSCs and WJ-EPCs) were positive for CD73, CD90, CD105, VEGFR-2, and VEGF, but only endothelial-like culture expressed vWF and PECAM-1 markers at significant levels. In the presence of either WJ-MSCs or WJ-EPCs in the compartment below OGD-injured slices, cell death and vascular atrophy in the hypoxia-sensitive CA1 region were substantially decreased. This suggests that a paracrine mechanism may mediate WJ-MSC- and WJ-EPC-dependent protection. Thus, finally, we estimated secretion of the neuro/angio/immunomodulatory molecules IL-6, TGF-β1, and VEGF by these cell cultures. We have found that release of TGF-β1 and IL-6 was TLR ligand [LPS and Poly(I:C)] concentration dependent and stronger in WJ-EPC than WJ-MSC cultures. Simultaneously, the uneven pattern of TLR receptors and modulatory cytokine gene expression was confirmed also on qRT-PCR level, but no significant differences were noticed between WJ-EPC and primary WJ-MSC cultures.
Time synchronisation in a IEC 61850 based substation automation system (2008)

In the past decade, new communication schemes have been designed and retrofitted into substations by utilities to integrate data from relays and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). The idea of standardising the language of communication between IEDs has evolved as the key for the advancement of connectivity and interoperability within a substation automation system. As a result of the standardization process, one very critical communication standard has evolved, the International electrotechnical commission (IEC) 61850. IEC 61850 describes how devices are to communicate in a substation as well as the related system requirements. Time synchronisation (TS) is the synchronisation of the date and time of all devices in a network. It is crucial in time-sensitive substation applications and its importance has further been clearly acknowledged in the IEC 61850 standard as a requirement. As part of an undertaken project, an object-oriented implementation of the IEC 61850 standard as a concrete application layer protocol was carried out and a message-oriented middleware architecture was proposed as a means of integrating the various functionalities that support the unique behaviour and communication needs of the IEC 61850 standard. This paper focuses on the implementation of a commercial off-the shelf TS protocol and its incorporation into developed communication model.
The Nature of Herpes Zoster: A Long-Term Study and a New Hypothesis (1965)

Dr Hope-Simpson presents a study of all cases of herpes zoster occurring in his general practice during a sixteen-year period. The rate was 3·4 per thousand per annum, rising with age, and the distribution of lesions reflected that of the varicella rash. It was found that severity increased with age, but that the condition did not occur in epidemics, and that there was no characteristic seasonal variation. A low prevalence of varicella was usually associated with a high incidence of zoster. Dr Hope-Simpson suggests that herpes zoster is a spontaneous manifestation of varicella infection. Following the primary infection (chickenpox), virus becomes latent in the sensory ganglia, where it can be reactivated from time to time (herpes zoster). Herpes zoster then represents an adaptation enabling varicella virus to survive for long periods, even without a continuous supply of persons susceptible to chickenpox.
Structure, Chemical and Physical Behavior of Aluminum Hydride (2009)

Abstract The literature concerning the structure and stabilization of Aluminum hydride (AlH 3 ) was reviewed, and a detailed characterization of a stabilized sample was performed. The main disadvantage for the application of AlH 3 as an ingredient in propellants is its sensitivity towards oxidation and hydration. Stabilization by additives or a coating is required to ensure the safe handling of AlH 3 . Different stabilization concepts have already been described in the literature and are summarized here. The investigation of the AlH 3 sample shows an effective stabilization mechanism, which enables safe handling. It is concluded that this has been achieved by a protective coating with aluminum‐hydroxide clusters.
Carboxylation of epoxides to beta-keto acids in cell extracts of Xanthobacter strain Py2 (1996)

A novel enzymatic reaction involved in the metabolism of aliphatic epoxides by Xanthobacter strain Py2 is described. Cell extracts catalyzed the CO2-dependent carboxylation of propylene oxide (epoxypropane) to form acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The time courses of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate formaton indicate that acetoacetate is the primary product of propylene oxide carboxylation and that beta-hydroxybutyrate is a secondary product formed by the reduction of acetoacetate. Analogous C5 carboxylation products were identified with 1,2-epoxybutane as the substrate. In the absence of CO2, propylene oxide and 1,2-epoxybutane were isomerized to form acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, respectively, as dead-end products. The carboxylation of short-chain epoxides to beta-keto acids is proposed to serve as the physiological reaction for the metabolism of aliphatic epoxides in Xanthobacter strain Py2.
Production operations: well completions, workover, and stimulation. Volume 1 (1978)

This two-volume set of books encompasses well production operations from the time the first potential oil or gas horizon is penetrated until the well is abandoned. Topics included in Volume II are: petroleum well analysis, through-tubing production logging, squeeze cementing, sand control, formation damage, surfactants for well treatment, acidizing, hydraulic fracturing, scale removal and prevention, corrosion control, workover and completion rigs workover systems, and workover planning.
Fortschritte in der Herstellung und Anwendung von Edelstahlformguß für die chemische Industrie (1955)

Abstract Neuzeitliche korrosions‐ und hochwarmfeste Werkstoffe und ihre Bedeutung für die chemische Industrie — Hinweise auf Analysen verschiedener, besonders gießgerechter Stahllegierungen und hochlegierter Werkstoffe der Stellit‐ und Hastelloy‐Gruppe und Titan. — Zeitstandfestigkeit hochwarmfester Stahllegierungen in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Zeit. Beschreibung der Technik un Anwendung der einzelnen Gießverfahren, normale Formtechnik, Schleudergußverfahren, formmaskenverfahren nach Croning und Präzisionsgußverfahren unter Anwendung ausschmelzbarer Modelle. — Abgrenzung der einzelnen Verfahren gegeneinander.
Tamoxifen-Induced Regression of Benign Breast Lesions (1979)

Sixty-three patients with severe breast dysplasia were treated with tamoxifen, 10 mg/day from day 5 to day 25 of the menstrual cycle for 4 months. Lesions were assessed by mammography, thermography, and echography (A- and B-mode scanning). In 45 patients (71.43%) there was complete remission of symptoms and disappearance of lesions as assessed by echography and clinical examination. Some improvement was seen in 12 patients. In all but 2 of those in whom lesions disappeared completely, no recurrence was seen in 12 months after treatment was discontinued. Estrogen receptors were assayed in 10 patients, but were detected in none. A decrease of doubtful statistical significance was observed in some patients in basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated levels of prolactin during the treatment period. No other significant or unequivocal change in endocrine parameters was observed during tamoxifen treatment.
Requirements and the concept of cooperative system management (1998)

Cooperation among various types of management functions is necessary to allow management functions to interwork in providing and using information and services for systems management. To understand these tasks from the point of view of cooperative working, this article discusses the requirements and presents the concept of cooperative system management. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape from shading using Ritz method with tent basis (1996)

A robust approach to recover the shape of an object from shading information is presented. The scheme is derived based on the perturbation method that minimizes a cost function for computing a surface height from a single image given the imaging model and light direction. To describe the desired solution variables as a linear combination of a set of basis functions, the Ritz method is applied in our approach to discretize the cost function associated with the regularized shape from shading problem. This kind of discretization is simple and the concept of signal representation by a set of weighted basis functions can be clearly stated. To enhance the robustness of alternative scheme, two new constraints are added into the cost function. They constrain the behavior of high-order change rate between the variables, and bound the variables more tightly. Thus, the changes of variables will be more regular. Hence, new constraints strengthen the relations between the input image and the reconstructed surface height. After finding the weighting coefficients using a perturbation method, the solution of the SFS problem will finally be decided.
Understanding prostate cancer (2004)

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer affecting men in Europe and the USA. The incidence of prostate cancer has risen by 60-75% in the Western world in the last 15 years. One in twelve men over the age of 60 develop prostate cancer and this figure is expected to rise to three in twelve in the next 20 years. Early prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms. However, patients may present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and therefore, such patients should be investigated. Effective treatment in the form of surgery and radiotherapy is availabLe for individuals with localised disease, and the effectiveness of different combination therapy is being assessed to improve the outcome further. Approximately 20% of the patients have metastatic disease on presentation. The mainstay of treatment for these patients is androgen ablation therapy; however patients on this regime eventually relapse and develop an androgen independent tumour. This aggressive stage of the disease carries a high morbidity and mortality. At present the treatment for such hormone refractory prostate cancer is inadequate and the desperate search for alternative forms of therapy continues.
J. M. Barrie's Jekyll and Hyde Drama: Lifting the Curtain on The House of Fear (1992)

Lifting the Curtain on The House of FearThe discoverer of a hitherto unpublished work by any major author is not the sort of person you should at once trust, especially when he has unearthed his "pearl" after a long search.In awareness of this, I have chosen to precede any account of my quest for The House of Fear, by facing a series of questions about its value.In tum, I shall ask what it is about, when it was written, whether it has a historical value and why I think it has literary value in and for itself.After all, the case may well be that the curtain should not rise on this play at all.A brief precis will, at narrative level, answer the first question.The plot of the play concerns a fifty year old man called Lapraik, whom we frrst meet in his den explaining his fear of sleep to Fenton, his butler.His account in terms of an evil alter-ego's effort to possess him sounds, now, like an attempt to objectify the symptoms of the male menopause in its dual fear of death and longing for a last defiant rebellion in life.He falls asleep and, in a darkness lit only by the flames of the fire, his alter-ego, the diabolical Lapraik, is seen lurking in the hall.The butler then goes to Mrs. Lapraik's boudoir where his expressed desire to find another place after twenty years' service gives a plausible dramatic reason for their telling each other (and so the audience) the changes they have observed in her husband's behavior.The jaunty figure of the evil Lapraik enters posing as Mrs. Lapraik's husband.He is trapped into a false account of his "own" early life, begins to terrorize his wife and obliquely threatens to murder Fenton.The third boudoir visitor is the young husband of her youth who explains his guilt in willfully having allowed evil to pollute him and their marriage.Finally, he is persuaded to go upstairs to the bedroom where, erroneously, the evil Lapraik is thought to be.Five seconds later, the same actor, in his devilish guise, is seen downstairs in the hall climbing up to the bedroom.Evil rather than good, it appears, will bave the advantage of surprise in the battle for Mr. Lapraik's soul.The play concludes as it opened in the den.The sleeping Lapraik of the first scene awakens.This and the "resurrection" of Fenton from his supposed murder reveal that the audience have, themselves, lived through a dream.But if the gap between life and dream is established for the audience, Mr. Lapraik still believes in the latter and waits for his future fate to be resolved in the battle terms of his reverie.Mrs. Lapraik, implored to go upstairs, does so and reports that nobody is there.Disbelieving and unsatisfied, her husband is killed by the tension.Stated thus, it all sounds rather over the top.In addition, some of the dialogue betrays Barrie's continued awkwardness with direct expressions of
Duality transformation and invariants of the electromagnetic field (1990)

The structure of Maxwell's equations under duality transformation and its connection with the work of Heaviside (1885) are discussed. A scheme for generating the associated invariants is also presented.
Isolation of Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) from Cell-conditioned Media (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be stable in the circulation of cancer patients raising their potential as circulating biomarkers of disease. The specific source and role, however, of miRNAs in the circulation is unknown and requires elucidation to determine their true potential. In this study, along with primary tissue explants and primary stromal cells, three breast cancer cell lines were employed, including T47D, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3. Tissue explants were harvested in theatre, with informed patient consent, and included tumour, tumour associated normal, and diseased lymph node samples. Cell-conditioned media containing all factors secreted by the cells were harvested. MiRNAs were extracted from samples using 5 different extraction techniques including the blood protocol, RNeasy® (Qiagen), miRNeasy®mini kit (Qiagen), mirVana™ isolation kit (Ambion) and RNAqueous® kit (Ambion). MiRNAs were successfully isolated from all media samples collected from cell lines, primary cells and fresh tissue explants. However, there was remarkable variation in yield depending on the extraction method used. Aliquots of the same samples were extracted, revealing the two column extraction protocol of the mirVana® miRNA isolation kit to be the most suitable approach. A range of miRNAs, including miR-16, miR-195, miR-497 and miR-10b, were successfully amplified. While miR-16 and miR-195 were detected in media from both cell lines and tissue explants, miR-497 and miR-10b were only detected in secretions from whole tissue explants. The ability to achieve reliable and reproducible miRNA yields from cell-conditioned media is vital for the successful amplification of miRNAs by RQ-PCR.
Putting Pieces Together: Combining FrameNet, VerbNet and WordNet for Robust Semantic Parsing (2005)

This paper describes the authors' work in integrating three different lexical resources: FrameNet, VerbNet, and WordNet, into a unified, richer knowledge-base, to the end of enabling more robust semantic parsing.
[Heart and autonomic nervous system in connective tissue disorders]. (1997)

the results of our study suggest that autonomic neuropathy may be present in any kind of connective tissue disorders even in preclinical stage.
U-Net and Its Variants for Medical Image Segmentation: A Review of Theory and Applications (2021)

U-net is an image segmentation technique developed primarily for image segmentation tasks. These traits provide U-net with a high utility within the medical imaging community and have resulted in extensive adoption of U-net as the primary tool for segmentation tasks in medical imaging. The success of U-net is evident in its widespread use in nearly all major image modalities, from CT scans and MRI to X-rays and microscopy. Furthermore, while U-net is largely a segmentation tool, there have been instances of the use of U-net in other applications. Given that U-net's potential is still increasing, this narrative literature review examines the numerous developments and breakthroughs in the U-net architecture and provides observations on recent trends. We also discuss the many innovations that have advanced in deep learning and discuss how these tools facilitate U-net. In addition, we review the different image modalities and application areas that have been enhanced by U-net.