gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Name Authority Challenges for Indexing and Abstracting Databases (2006)

Objective - This analysis explores alternative methods for managing author name changes in Indexing and Abstracting (I&A) databases. A searcher may retrieve incomplete or inaccurate results when the database provides no or faulty assistance in linking author name variations.  Methods -The article includes an analysis of current name authority practices in I&A databases and of selected research into name disambiguation models applied to authorship of articles.  Results - Several potential solutions are in production or in development. MathSciNet has developed an authority file. The method is largely machine-based but it involves time-consuming manual intervention that might not scale up to larger or multidisciplinary databases. The use of standard numbers for authors has been proposed. Solutions in practice include author-managed registration records and linking among several authority files. Information science and computer science researchers are developing models to automate processes for name disambiguation, shifting the focus from authority control to access control. Successful models use metadata beyond the author name alone, such as co-authors, author affiliation, journal name, or keywords. Social networks may provide additional data to support disambiguation models.   Conclusion - The traditional objective of name authority files is to determine precisely when name variations belong to the same individual. Manually-maintained authority files have served library catalogues reasonably well, but the burden of upkeep has made them ill-suited to managing the volume of items and authors in all but the smallest I&A databases. To meet the access needs of the 21st Century, both catalogues and I&A databases may need to implement options that present a high degree of probability that items have been authored by the same individual, rather than options that provide high precision with the expense of manual maintenance. Striving for name disambiguation rather than name authority control may become an attractive option for catalogues, I&A databases, and digital library collections.
Design of Analog CMOS Vision Chip for Edge Detection with Low Power Consumption (2003)

고해상도의 윤곽검출 시각칩을 제작하기 위해 윤곽검출 회로의 수를 증가시킬 경우 소비전력 문제 및 회로를 탑재할 칩의 크기를 고려하지 않으면 안된다. 칩을 구성하는 단위회로의 수적 증가는 소비전력의 증가와 더불어 대면적을 요구하게 된다. 소비전력의 증가와 CMOS 생산 회사에서 제공하는 칩의 크기가 수 십 <TEX>$mm^2$</TEX>이라는 조건은 결국 단위회로의 수적 증가를 제한하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, 고해상도의 윤곽검출 시각칩 구현을 위한 윤곽검출 회고의 수적 증가에 따른 전력소비의 최소화 방법으로 전자스위치(electronic switch)가 내장된 윤곽검출 회로를 제안하고, 제한된 칩의 면적에 더 많은 윤곽검출 회로를 넣기 위해 시세포 역할의 광검출 회로와 윤곽검출 회로를 분리하여 구성하는 방법을 적용하였다. <TEX>$128{\times}128$</TEX> 해상도를 갖는 광검출 회고가 <TEX>$1{\times}128$</TEX>의 윤곽검출 회고를 공유하여 동일한 칩 면적에 향상된 해상도를 갖는 칩을 설계하였다. 설계된 칩의 크기는 <TEX>$4mm{\times}4mm$</TEX>이고, 소비전력은 SPICE 모의실험을 통해 약 20mW가 됨을 확인하였다. The problem of power consumption and the limitation of a chip area should be considered when the pixel number of the edge detection circuit increases to fabricate a vision chip for edge detection with high resolution. The numeric increment of the unit circuit causes power consumption to increase and require a larger chip area. An increment of power consumption and a limitation of chip area with several ten milli-meters square supplied by the CMOS foundry company restrict the pixel numbers of the edge detection circuit. In this paper, we proposed a electronic switch to minimize the power consumption owing to the numeric increment of the edge detection circuit to realize a vision chip for edge detection with high resolution. We also applied a method by which photodetector and edge detection circuit are separated to implement a vision chip with a higher resolution. The photodetector circuit with <TEX>$128{\times}128$</TEX> pixels uses a common edge detection circuit with <TEX>$1{\times}128$</TEX> pixels so that resolution was improved at the same chip area. The chip size is <TEX>$4mm{\times}4mm$</TEX> and the power consumption was confirmed to be about 20mW using SPICE.
The religious context of the women's suffrage campaign in Ireland (1997)

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the various Irish women's suffrage societies and the Christian churches. It looks at the attitudes of particular suffragists, organised groups and the clergy to the questions of not only granting women the vote but wider feminist issues as well. It argues that neither the women nor the clergy were predictable. There were suffragists who were anti-church and there were suffragists who formed organisations which closely reflected their religious affiliations. Some members of the clergy spoke out against the cause, but there were also a number who gave it their backing, though not always for feminist reasons.
Survey and Benchmark of Lightweight Block Ciphers for Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

For security applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), choosing best algorithms in terms of energy-efficiency and of small memory requirements is a real challenge because the sensor networks must be autonomous. In (Eisenbarth et al., 2012; Law et al., 2006), the authors have benchmarked on a dedicated platform some block-ciphers and have deduced the best candidates to use in the context of small embedded platforms. This article proposes to study on a dedicated platform of sensors most of the recent lightweight block ciphers as well as some conventional block ciphers. First, we describe the design of the chosen block ciphers with a security summary and we then present some implementation tests performed on our platform.
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in healthy adolescents on two-dose schedule. (1999)

This is an open, randomized study to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines. The HBV-NF is a new formulation with a new adjuvant phenoxyethanol which replaced the conventional adjuvant of a commercially available recombinant HBV vaccine (Engerix-B). These two vaccines had the same 20 micrograms hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). They were administered to the deltoid muscle of 116 healthy adolescents, aged between twelve and eighteen years, according to the 0, 6-month schedule. Serum was taken at month 0, 1, 6, and 7. Antibody to HBsAg was tested by radioimmunoassay. Geometric mean titers of both vaccines displayed no significant difference at month 1, 6, and 7. Following the second dose of vaccine, the seroprotection titer (10 mIU/ml) rates at month 7 were 90.9% in HBV-NF and 93.4% in Engerix-B, respectively (p = 0.43). The incidences of local and general adverse reactions were from 3% to 7% without significant difference between the two vaccines and the reactions were all mild and tolerable. Based on this study, regimens of this two-dose schedule proved to be safe and immunogenic, which may provide a cost-effective alternative for HBV mass vaccination program in adolescents.
Progressive formation of DNA lesions in cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with hydroxyurea. (1987)

We have previously demonstrated an accumulation of strand breaks in mature DNA of cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with methotrexate. We postulated that the strand breaks arose from unrepaired spontaneous DNA lesions. The present study describes a progressive accumulation of strand breaks in mature DNA of Ehrlich ascites cells treated with hydroxyurea (HU). Strand breaks were determined by alkaline elution. Accumulation of strand breaks was dependent on the length of incubation (0-16 h) and on HU concentration (0-10 mM). About 70% of strand breaks were repaired when cells were incubated without HU. About 67% of strand breaks were prevented by 0.4 mM deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, and deoxycytidine, with or without thymidine. Prevention was less effective by deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine and ineffective by deoxycytidine. Free radical scavengers did not prevent strand breaks. S-phase cells accumulated about twice the number of strand breaks as non-S-phase cells. Cell survival decreased in proportion to the increase in HU concentration (0-10 mM). The results demonstrate that lack of purine, as well as of pyrimidine, nucleotides results in strand breaks in mature DNA, suggest that HU cytotoxicity is due to fragmentation of mature DNA, and caution against the use of HU in DNA repair studies.
On clutch by fuzzy control strategy for dual-clutch transmission vehicle during shifting process (2008)

Dual-clutch transmission realized motive force shifting, through one clutch separated while another clutch engaged. Based on analyzing influence factor of shifting quality for dual-clutch transmission vehicle, two clutches separation and engaging fuzzy controller had been designed, and output of clutches separation and engaging speed of the fuzzy controller were quantized under utilized change with shift transmission ratio. The simulation showed in this paper that the two clutches separation and engaging fuzzy controller with dual-clutch transmission vehicle can respond to the request that the vehicle shifting smooth and fast well.
Reactions of Nitrogen Atoms. I. Oxygen and Oxides of Nitrogen (1957)

Several reactions of nitrogen atoms have been investigated in a low-pressure flow system, using the principle of a ``stirred reactor'' and a mass spectrometer for the determination of steady-state concentrations. The elementary processes which have been definitely demonstrated to occur and their rate constants are as follows: N+NO=N2+Ok1≥4×1011 cc mole−1sec−1(1)N=O2=NO+Ok8=2×1012×exp(−6200/RT) cc mole−1sec−1(8)N+NO2=N2O+O10−2k1&lt;k9&lt;10k1(10)O+NO=NO2k3≥1013 cc mole−1sec−1(3)O+NO2=O2+NOk6≥1012 cc mole−1sec−1.(6)Unless indicated, the rate constants are at room temperature. The rate constant of nitrogen atom reaction with nitrous oxide is less than 108 cc mole—1 sec—1 at 280°; that of oxygen atoms is less than 2×108 at room temperature, neither having been observed to occur. Nitrogen atoms probably react with nitrogen dioxide also by a different mechanism than (10), yielding 2NO and/or N2+O2, at a rate which is competitive with (10). Nitrous oxide is probably formed also by another mechanism, which does not involve nitrogen atoms and may well be the reaction of vibrationally excited nitric oxide with nitrogen dioxide. The accommodation coefficient of glass walls, treated with phosphoric acid, for the recombination of oxygen atoms, has been determined as 10—4 in one reactor and is larger than this in another.
Good Muslims, Bad Muslims, and the Nation: The “Ground Zero Mosque” and the Problem With Tolerance (2015)

The local controversy over Cordoba House or the “Ground Zero Mosque” peaked at a May 2010 Lower Manhattan Community Board meeting that was open to the public. Examining the tolerance rhetorics evoked both for and against Cordoba, this paper argues that both tolerance rhetorics function differently to re-center the white non-Muslim subject and to structure inclusion and belonging within the nation. Extending the literature of tolerance, which tends to focus on the discourse of normative subjects, I analyze the tolerance rhetorics of two Muslim-American rhetors whose testimonies reveal the tensions, contradictions, and complicities involved in claims of national belonging.
Prevalence of a mutation causing C2 deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1994)

A direct assay for the most common form of C2 deficiency established that the 28 bp deletion in the C2 gene is significantly more common in Caucasoid patients with SLE compared to controls (p < 0.05). When only heterozygous carriers of the 28 bp deletion were enumerated, they were not found more frequently in the Caucasoid population with SLE compared to controls.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMILE RECOGNITION (2016)

Inspired by recent successes of deep learning in computer vision, we propose a novel application of deep convolutional neural networks to facial expression recognition, in particular smile recognition. A smile recognition test accuracy of 99.45% is achieved for the Denver Intensity of Spontaneous Facial Action (DISFA) database, significantly outperforming existing approaches based on hand-crafted features with accuracies ranging from 65.55% to 79.67%. The novelty of this approach includes a comprehensive model selection of the architecture parameters, allowing to find an appropriate architecture for each expression such as smile. This is feasible because all experiments were run on a Tesla K40c GPU, allowing a speedup of factor 10 over traditional computations on a CPU.
An Expanded Role for the Mailes Committee (1970)

Seven years ago, a political report published by Echo of Iran raised the issue of the difficulty with which the Iranian political elite distinguishes between criticism and subversion. There is still only a hazy boundary separating treason from the lesser evil. Just one example of this level of debate was the suggestion by the “opposition” Mardom Party Newspaper that to attribute administrative misdemeanors to either ministers or to the Imperial Inspectorate was to commit treason. One of the distressing effects of the failure to make this distinction in contemporary Iran is that a generation may appear which is loyal to the monarchy but which holds attitudes counter-productive to the espoused long-run political goals of the Shah. The attitudes to which I refer include the rejection of policy-oriented political activity and a flexible bargaining stance in the resolution of social problems. This writer met a number of young people in Iran who saw general disorder as the only alternative to the tight rein with which the Shah attempts to guide political activity.
[Interactions of peripheral mu-opioid receptors and K(ATP)-channels in regulation of cardiac electrical stability in ischemia, reperfusion, and postinfarction cardiosclerosis]. (2002)

It has been shown that mu-opioid receptor stimulation by intravenous administration of the selective mu receptor agonist DALDA in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg prevented ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias in rats subjected to coronary artery occlusion (10 min) and reperfusion (10 min), and also increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with postinfarction cardiac fibrosis. These effects were abolished by pre-treatment with the selective mu receptor antagonist CTAP in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg or by prior injection of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide (2 mg/kg) which does not penetrate the blood-braib barrier. Both antagonists by themselves had no effect on the incidence of occlusion or reperfusion-induced arrhythmias or on the ventricular fibrillation threshold. Pre-treatment with ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP channel) blocker glibenclamide in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg completely abolished the antiarrhythmic effect of DALDA. We believe that DALDA prevents occurrence of electrical instability during ischemia and reperfusion and increases the ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with postinfarction cardiac fibrosis via stimulation of peripheral mu-opioid receptor which appear to be coupled to the KATP channel.
[Antigenic structure of the foot-and-mouth-disease virus. I. Synthesis of protective peptides from the major immunogenic region of VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth virus type O1K]. (1988)

A series of overlapping peptides with the sequence of the immunodominant region of VP1 protein of FMDV strain O1K have been synthesized by the classical solution method. Peptides were purified by standard methods and used for immunization of guinea pigs. It is shown that the 136-152 and 136-148 segments provide antiviral protection in guinea pigs, both in the free state and conjugated with an immunogenic carrier. Results with uncoupled peptides indicated that these segments may form not only B-, but also T-cell affecting sites.
Chills in different sensory domains: Frisson elicited by acoustical, visual, tactile and gustatory stimuli (2010)

‘Chills’ (frisson manifested as goose bumps or shivers) have been used in an increasing number of studies as indicators of emotions in response to music (e.g., Craig, 2005; Guhn, Hamm, & Zentner, 2007; McCrae, 2007; Panksepp, 1995; Sloboda, 1991). In this study we present evidence that chills can be induced through aural, visual, tactile, and gustatory stimulation. Additionally, chills were elicited by mere mental self-stimulation — even without any external stimulus. Subjective ratings and physiological responses (i.e., skin conductance response, heart rate, breathing rate) of 36 participants reporting chills were recorded in response to stimuli of the named sensory domains. Chills in response to all external stimuli showed similar physiological correlates. However, they differed in the subjective affective perception: more chills occurred in response to negative valent and arousing sounds and pictures, while more chills were reported for positive valent music independent of arousal. These findings suggest that the chill phenomenon could be a valuable indicator of strong emotions. However, the measurement of chills should be combined with other methods of emotion measurement, since chills can be a response to psychological events of different affective value.
<i>Lymnaea</i>Epidermal Growth Factor Promotes Axonal Regeneration in CNS Organ Culture (2001)

Members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family are frequently implicated in the injury response of the mammalian nervous system. Although this implication is supported by extensive molecular evidence, it is not underpinned by conclusive functional data. Recently, we found that expression of an EGF homolog from the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L-EGF) is upregulated after axotomy in the adult CNS, suggesting a role for this molecule in the injury response of the CNS. In the present study we asked whether L-EGF can promote axonal regeneration of three types of identified neurons in organ-cultured CNS. Treatment with purified L-EGF substantially enhanced axonal regeneration of all three types of neurons, an effect inhibited by submicromolar doses of PD153035, a specific EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In addition, PD153035 and K252a, a nonspecific kinase inhibitor, also reduced the degree of axonal regeneration that occurs without L-EGF supplementation, indicating that L-EGF or other EGFR ligands synthesized in the CNS participate in the regenerative response. An intriguing aspect of these results is that axonal regeneration of different, intrinsically L-EGF responsive and unresponsive neurons occurred in a coordinated manner. This observation suggests that indirect in addition to direct actions contribute to the beneficial effect of L-EGF. In conclusion, we provide functional evidence that an EGF homolog can promote axonal regeneration, substantiating existing molecular evidence implicating the EGF family in peripheral nerve regeneration and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these molecules.
A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications (2017)

Microalgae contribute up to 60% of the oxygen content in the Earth's atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis. Microalgae are abundantly available in the natural environment, thanks to their ability to survive and grow rapidly under harsh and inhospitable conditions. Microalgal cultivation is environmentally friendly because the microalgal biomass can be utilized for the productions of biofuels, food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The cultivation of microalgal also can complement approaches like carbon dioxide sequestration and bioremediation of wastewaters, thereby addressing the serious environmental concerns. This review focuses on the factors affecting microalgal cultures, techniques adapted to obtain high-density microalgal cultures in photobioreactors, and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The applications of microalgae in carbon dioxide sequestration and phycoremediation of wastewater are also discussed.
A soft sensor based on kernel PCA and composite kernel support vector regression for a flotation circuit (2010)

A soft sensor was developed to estimate the concentrate grade and recovery rate of a flotation circuit. The algorithm uses kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and composite kernel support vector regression (CK-SVR) to perform the estimation. Firstly, the flotation prior knowledge and KPCA are employed to reduce the dimension of input vector of CK-SVR. Then, considering that the characteristics of kernels have great impacts on learning and predictive results of SVR, a composite kernel SVR modeling method based on polynomial kernel and RBF kernel is adopted which hyperparameters are adaptively evolved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulations using real operating data show that the soft sensor provides the necessary accuracy for a flotation circuit.
Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of conductive carbon black and carbon fiber‐filled composites based on rubber and rubber blends (2001)

Abstract Conductive rubber‐based composites were derived from EVA, EPDM, and 50/50 EVA/EPDM blend filled with carbon black and short carbon fiber (SCF). The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness and return loss were studied. The measurements of shielding effectiveness (SE) of the composites were carried out in two different frequency ranges: 100–2,000 MHz and 8–12 GHz (X‐band). It has been observed that the shielding effectiveness of the composites is frequency dependent and increases with increasing frequency. The increasing of filler loading also enhances the SE of the composites. It is also found that 50/50 EVA/EPDM blend systems have higher shielding effectiveness than pure EVA and EPDM SCF‐filled composites. The correlation between shielding effectiveness and bulk conductivity of various composites is also discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 226–236, 2001
Overview of electroceramic materials for oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (2013)

The flat panel display (FPD) market has been experiencing a rapid transition from liquid crystal (LC) to organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, leading, in turn, to the accelerated commercialization of OLED televisions already in 2013. The major driving force for this rapid change was the adaptation of novel oxide semiconductor materials as the active channel layer in thin film transistors (TFTs). Since the report of amorphous-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) semiconductor materials in 2004, the FPD industry has accelerated the development of oxide TFTs for mass-production. In this review, we focus on recent progress in applying electro-ceramic materials for oxide-semiconductor thin-film-transistors. First, oxide-based semiconductor materials, distinguished by vacuum or solution processing, are discussed, with efforts to develop high-performance, cost-effective devices reviewed in chronological order. The introduction and role of high dielectric constant - reduced leakage gate insulators, in optimizing oxide-semiconductor device performance, are next covered. We conclude by discussing current issues impacting oxide-semiconductor TFTs, such as field effect mobility and device stability and the proposed directions being taken to address them.