gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Hindered Phenols. IV. Stable Phenoxy Radicals (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Hindered Phenols. IV. Stable Phenoxy RadicalsClinton D. Cook, David A. Kuhn, and Peter FianuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 9, 2002–2005Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01590a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01590a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views718Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in ortho-Substituted Benzoic Acids (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in ortho-Substituted Benzoic AcidsH. A. Lloyd, Katherine S. Warren, and Henry M. FalesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 23, 5544–5549Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00975a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00975a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views444Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence Variation and Haplotype Structure Surrounding the Flowering Time Locus <i>FRI</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2002)

Linkage disequilibrium in highly selfing organisms is expected to extend well beyond the scale of individual genes. The pattern of polymorphism in such species must thus be studied over a larger scale. We sequenced 14 short (0.5-1 kb) fragments from a 400-kb region surrounding the flowering time locus FRI in a sample of 20 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. The distribution of allele frequencies, as quantified by Tajima's D, varies considerably over the region and is incompatible with a standard neutral model. The region is characterized by extensive haplotype structure, with linkage disequilibrium decaying over 250 kb. In particular, recombination is evident within 35 kb of FRI in a haplotype associated with a functionally important allele. This suggests that A. thaliana may be highly suitable for linkage disequilibrium mapping.
Outlines and Scenarios, 1904–17 (2013)

The AM&B dispute was a local reaction to a general problem of duping in early cinema. The use of catalogues was another and, as in the case of George Méliès’ Star catalogues, one effect was to circulate beyond the immediate industrial confines of the production a range of textual materials that, however problematically, contribute to the origins of the screenplay. Copyright also helps to explain the textual form the AM&B scenarios took. For both AM&B and Méliès, however, the real purpose was to secure copyright on the film itself, so what we might call today ‘original screenplays’ were being created in the service of ‘original’ films.
An Approach based on user preferences for selecting SaaS product (2014)

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software delivery paradigm in which the product is not installed on-premise, but it is available on Internet and Web. The customers do not pay to possess the software itself but rather to use it. Hence, we see increasing number of organizations adopting SaaS. However, each customer is unique, which leads to a very large variation in the requirements off the software. As several suppliers propose SaaS products, the choice of this later becomes a major issue. When multiple criteria are involved in decision making, we talk about a problem of "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making" (MCDM). The paper we propose presents a method to help customers to choose a better SaaS product satisfying the most of their conditions and alternatives. Since that a good method of adaptive selection should be based on the correct definition of the different parameters of choice, we started by extraction and analysis of the various parameters involved in the process of the selection of a SaaS application.
Phonon Lateral Confinement Enables Thermal Rectification in Asymmetric Single-Material Nanostructures (2014)

We show that thermal rectification (TR) in asymmetric graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is originated from phonon confinement in the lateral dimension, which is a fundamentally new mechanism different from that in macroscopic heterojunctions. Our molecular dynamics simulations reveal that, though TR is significant in nanosized asymmetric GNRs, it diminishes at larger width. By solving the heat diffusion equation, we prove that TR is indeed absent in both the total heat transfer rate and local heat flux for bulk-size asymmetric single materials, regardless of the device geometry or the anisotropy of the thermal conductivity. For a deeper understanding of why lateral confinement is needed, we have performed phonon spectra analysis and shown that phonon lateral confinement can enable three possible mechanisms for TR: phonon spectra overlap, inseparable dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature and space, and phonon edge localization, which are essentially related to each other in a complicated manner. Under such guidance, we demonstrate that other asymmetric nanostructures, such as asymmetric nanowires, thin films, and quantum dots, of a single material are potentially high-performance thermal rectifiers.
Avalanche degradation of h<sub>FE</sub> (1970)

Degradation of low current h <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FE</inf> as a result of avalanching the emitter-base junction of a silicon planar transistor is shown to be explinable by an increase in surface recombination velocity within the vicinity of the emitter-base metallurgical junction. This degradation mechanism manifests itself on a gate-controlled transistor by an additional peak in the plot of base current versus gate voltage. The magnitude as well as the "width" of this peak can be accounted for theoretically by assuming a given emitter-base impurity gradient and a localized increase in surface recombination velocity in and around the metallurgical junction. Experimental evidence is also presented for localized charge trapping within the oxide over the emitter-base junction as a result Of avalanching under an applied field.
Sorption and Permeation of Allyl Isothiocyanate Vapor in Nylon 6,6 Film as Affected by Relative Humidity (1998)

Sorption and permeation of allyl isothiocyanate vapor (AIT, an antimicrobial flavor compound from Cruciferae plants) in nylon 6,6 film were investigated in this study. AIT sorption by the dry nylon film was low (=0.5%, w/w), but increased to a maximum =3.5% as relative humidity (RH) increased. Above 70% RH, the decrease in AIT solubility was presumably caused by the competitive sorption of water. In contrast, AIT permeability increased exponentially with RH due to the plasticization effect of water upon the polymer. A synergistic Tg depression effect was observed when film samples were exposed to water/AIT vapors simultaneously. FTIR studies indicated that water sorption enhanced hydrogen bonding to the C = 0 sites, but weakened the N-H groups.
Part I—Measurement of Earth Pressure and Deflection Along the Embedded Portion of a 40-ft Steel Pile (1955)

The details of a test installation in which a full scale pile was embedded in an earth fill and subjected to lateral loads are outlined. The authors describe the instrumentation, including means of measuring pressures and deflections at intervals along the entire pile length. An example of the pressures and deflections obtained is presented and a comparison is made between measured and theoretical values. Two methods of solving simultaneous difference equations such as those involved in the analysis of the problem of computing lateral earth pressures, deflections, shears, and moments along the embedded length of a pile are introduced.
Facile preparation of superhydrophobic polyester surfaces with fluoropolymer/SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites based on vinyl nanosilica hydrosols (2014)

ABSTRACT A facile method to prepare superhydrophobic fluoropolymer/SiO 2 nanocomposites coating on polyester (PET) fabrics was presented. The vinyl nanosilica (VSiO 2 ) hydrosols were prepared via one‐step water‐based sol‐gel reaction with vinyl trimethoxy silane as the precursors in the presence of the base catalyst and composite surfactant. Based on the VSiO 2 hydrosol, a fluorinated acrylic polymer/silica (FAP/SiO 2 ) nanocomposite was prepared by emulsion polymerization. The FAP/SiO 2 nanocomposites were coated onto the polyester fabrics by one‐step process to achieve superhydrophobic surfaces. The results showed that silica nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the FAP/SiO 2 nanocomposites, and a specific surface topography and a low surface free energy were simultaneously introduced onto PET fibers. The prepared PET fabric showed excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 151.5° for a 5 μL water droplet and a water shedding angle of 12° for a 15 μL. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40340.
Local interaction fields and adaptive regularizers for surface reconstruction and image relaxation (1998)

A set of novel local interaction fields associated with input point data and adaptive regularizers are introduced for some problems in image processing and early-middle vision. The local interaction field is used to take the place of the δ-error term in converntional approaches. It consists of two parts; one is the usual error term, the other is a window function whose shape, size and orientation can be adapted to local structures in specific applications. Unlike the usual δ-error term, local interaction fields favour local flatness and thus impose smoothing implicitly. Several adaptive regularizers are introduced to keep discontinuities while smoothing. In finding solutions, even the simplest gradient descent algorithm is efficient in many examples. The results are stable under varying parameters and quite robust against noise.
The Succinate Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Oxidative and Metabolic Stress-Related Conditions (2012)

The succinate receptor (also known as GPR91) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is closely related to the family of P2Y purinoreceptors. It is expressed in a variety of tissues, including blood cells, adipose tissue, the liver, retina, and kidney. In these tissues, this receptor and its ligand succinate have recently emerged as novel mediators in local stress situations, including ischemia, hypoxia, toxicity, and hyperglycemia. Amongst others, the succinate receptor is involved in recruitment of immune cells to transplanted tissues. Moreover, it was shown to play a key role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. However, most prominently, the role of locally increased succinate levels and succinate receptor activation in the kidney, stimulating the systemic and local renin-angiotensin system, starts to unfold: the succinate receptor is a key mediator in the development of hypertension and possibly fibrosis in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. This makes the succinate receptor a promising drug target to counteract or prevent cardiovascular and fibrotic defects in these expanding disorders. Recent development of SUCNR1-specific antagonists opens novel possibilities for research in models for these disorders and may eventually provide novel opportunities for the treatment of patients.
An efficient communication structure for distributed commit protocols (1989)

To maintain consistency in a distributed database environment, the transactions must be executed atomically. The standard algorithm for ensuring an atomic execution is called the distributed commit protocol. The two-phase commit protocol and its variations, the well-known protocols used for this purpose, are characterized by successive rounds of message exchange, among all the sites of the database, at the time a transaction enters into a completion phase. The performance of these protocols is given by a complexity measure that depends on the communication structure of the protocol. Given N sites, the worst-case complexity of a commit protocol is O(N/sup 2/). A communication structure called maximal binomial structure (MBS) is presented, for which the complexity of the protocol is O(N*log/sup 3/ N). A lower bound for this complexity is also given, which is O(N*log/sup 2/ N). Protocols using the MBS remain symmetric. A scheme for an arbitrary expansion of the MBS to allow communication among a large number of sites is proposed. For the expanded system, the protocol complexity is also shown to be O(N*log/sup 3/ N). These structures are shown to be superior to other known structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FPGA implementation of a reconfigurable microprocessor (2002)

The implementation of an 8-b reconfigurable microprocessor (RM) in a memory-based FPGA (field programmable gate array) device (XILINX) is described. The RM is designed as an 8-b microprocessor with a complete instruction set (41), hardware and software interrupts, and a 2-Kb addressing range (11-b address bus). The author presents the tradeoffs involved in designing the architecture, the design for performance issues, and the possibilities for future development.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Adatom self-diffusion on Re(0001) Surface (2009)

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations along with our recently constructed modified analytic embedded-atom method (MAEAM), the self-diffusion of single adatom on Re(0001) surface is studied. The diffusion coefficient of Re adatom is calculated, and is found to present Arrhenius behavior. The migration energy and prefactor are determined from the Arrhenius diagram and compared with recent low-temperature field ion microscope investigations of Re/Re(0001) system. Our calculated diffusion migration energy is in agreement with the corresponding experimental data, and the calculated prefactor has a commonly expected value.
The CM-2X: a hybrid CM-2/Xilinx prototype (2002)

This paper describes the CM-2X prototype. This one-of-a-kind machine is the result of a Supercomputing Research Center/Thinking Machines Corporation joint effort to examine the suitability of a hybrid combination of CM-2 architecture and Xilinx programmable gate array technology. In addition to a description of the CM-2X and Xilinx architecture, a simple applications example is provided that illustrates many of the issues involved in programming the machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rhucin, a recombinant C1 inhibitor for the treatment of hereditary angioedema and cerebral ischemia. (2008)

Pharming NV and Esteve are developing Rhucin, a recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor. Rhucin is currently undergoing phase III clinical trials in North America and is awaiting regulatory approval in Western Europe for the treatment of prophylactic and acute hereditary angioedema. Pharming is also investigating Rhucin for the potential treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.
A 60 GHz Beam Waveguide Antenna System for Satellite Crosslinks (1987)

This paper describes the design, fabrication and test of a 60 GHz engineering model beam waveguide antenna system for satellite crosslinks.
HEALTH CARE REFORM IMPLEMENTATION IN MINNESOTA: MISSION ADVANCED BUT NOT ACCOMPLISHED: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM (2015)

HEALTH CARE REFORM IMPLEMENTATION IN MINNESOTA: MISSION ADVANCED BUT NOT ACCOMPLISHED: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM
A study of islanding in utility-connected residential photovoltaic systems. I. Models and analytical methods (1989)

Models and methods for the analysis of the continued operation of a group of utility-connected photovoltaic systems even after loss of the utility source are presented. The methods involve an examination of steady-state power balance under islanded conditions, an examination of large-signal, limit-cycle behavior, and an examination of the effect of specific control systems on the small-signal stability of islanded conditions. In conjunction with each other these methods allow a determination of whether islanding can occur in a specific system. Although all such systems have a natural propensity to island, it is shown that the controls used in many commercially available units make islanding a rather unlikely phenomenon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polarimetric extraction technique of atmospheric targets based on double sLdr and morphology (2011)

An extraction method of the polarimetric atmospheric target has been proposed to obtain most useful information with noise, clutter and artificial signals as less as possible for dual- orthogonal frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) polarimetric radar. The signal processing is described for dual- orthogonal FMCW polarimetric radar. The polarimetric range- Doppler spectra of precipitation obtained in a single sweep time are calibrated by radar constant calibration and reciprocity modification. The mask matrix for filtering is constructed based on the double spectral linear depolarization ratios (sLdr) and mathematical morphology methods. The precipitation atmospheric targets are extracted successfully by multiplying the mask matrix with the measured range-Doppler spectra by the polarimetric agile radar SAnd X-band (PARSAX) radar. The proposed technique keeps more atmospheric targets and suppresses more clutter, noise and artificial signals compared with the original data and the data after double sLdr filtering combined with noise clipping.
Machine learning approach for argument extraction of bio-molecular events (2012)

The main goal of Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) is to capture biomedical phenomena from textual data by extracting relevant entities and information or relations between biomedical entities such as proteins and genes. Previous research was focussed on extracting only binary relations, but in recent times the focus is shifted towards extracting more complex relations in the form of bio-molecular events that may include several entities or other relations. In this paper we propose a machine learning approach based on Conditional Random Field (CRF) to extract the arguments of bio-molecular events. The overall task involves identification of event triggers from texts, classification of them into some predefined categories and determining the arguments of these events. We identify and implement a set of features in the forms of statistical and linguistic features that represent various morphological, syntactic and contextual information. Experiments on the benchmark setup of BioNLP 2009 shared task show the recall, precision and F-measure values of 45.75%, 78.93% and 57.91%, respectively.
An innovative prototype to prevent accidents using eye blink sensors and accelerometer ADXL330 (2015)

Driver operation can be best studied from changes in physiological signals like heartbeat, brainwave, eye blink etc. This paper describes a prototype of a driver fatigue monitor. A low cost charge-coupled-device camera equipped with active infrared illuminators which acquires video images of the driver. Image is divided into blocks by image processing technique to detect blinks and according to the condition prevailing the alarm buzz is generated and vehicle is halted by the auto-brake system. Similarly, head movement of the driver is monitored with an accelerometer headgear to detect drowsiness in the driver. On detecting so, the speed of the vehicle is controlled, alert is raised through audio speakers, and messages are sent to the driver's mobile. We, the authors want to propose the idea of implementing speed control in the car, when drowsiness is detected in the driver by the eye blink sensor, recording the blinking of eye, and accelerometer, detecting head movements of the driver.
Cloud computing: Performance analysis of load balancing algorithms in cloud heterogeneous environment (2014)

Internet is a great marvel of science. Internet has changed the face of world. It is most essential and revolutionary creation in this world. Cloud computing is associated with internet computing. Cloud computing has undoubtedly benefited both service provider and clients in great extent. There is rapid increase in cloud's customers constantly. Although, the cloud data centers comprised of tremendous power but due to expeditious requests of users there is sudden need of balancing load. However, load balancing emerged as the conspicuous issue in the cloud heterogeneous environment. This study highlights the performance analysis of load balancing policies which are taken in a combination with service broker policy. In Fact, this study addresses that there can be reduction in response time and data center request processing time by using efficient load balancing policies. These all evaluations and results are carried out using cloud analyst simulation tool.
Management of ocular melanoma (1995)

Most melanomas in the orbital region are primary tumours. The uveal tract is the commonest site though the skin of the eyelids, the conjunctiva and, very occasionally, the orbit itself may be involved. Direct spread may cause the tumour to present in an adjacent structure so that a uveal tract melanoma with an extrascleral nodule may appear to arise in the conjunctiva or in the orbit whilst a conjunctival melanoma may first be apparent in the adjacent eyelid skin. Metastatic deposits from cutaneous melanoma may occasionally present in the eye or ocular adnexa.