gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activator Development for Controlling Degradation Rates of Polymeric Diverting Agents (2014)

Summary Hydrolytically degradable polymers (generally aliphatic polyesters) have been used in a variety of applications in the oil field, such as fluid diversion, fluid-loss control, and filter-cake-removal applications. In general, diverting agents and fluid-loss-control materials are only necessary to perform the intended function for a finite amount of time. Once the well is completed or placed on production, it is desirable that the degradable materials be removed so that they no longer have any influence on subsequent fluid flow. With time and temperature, the degradable polymers will break down by forming water-soluble byproducts, leaving behind limited, if any, residual formation damage. The effective formation sealing by these materials while in place, and eventual cleanup, has made them sought after materials for a growing number of applications. However, for cooler temperatures and applications for which the well must be placed on production rather quickly, there have not been many options to controllably increase the rates of polymer degradation. Strong acids and bases are known to accelerate the degradation of polyesters. Use of these materials can present several disadvantages, such as corrosion and/or undesirable reactions with the formation. This paper discusses amine- and aminoalcohol-based compounds as potential degradation accelerators (DAs) of polymers containing ester-functional groups in the polymer backbone. Oligomeric polyamines, such as ethylenediamine (EDA) and its homologues, and aminoalcohols, such as ethanolamine (EA), were tested as accelerators for polymer breakdown. Commercial polyesters tested in this study had variable crystalline and amorphous content. With one exception, polyglycolic acid (PGA), all polyesters contained polylactic acid (PLA)/polylactide either exclusively or as one of the components. The tests were performed under static conditions by aging known quantities of particulate polymers with identical particle-size distributions in excess aqueous fluids, and loss in recovered dried mass was measured periodically at test temperature. The results indicated that oligomeric polyamines accelerated polymer degradation significantly compared with water. The degradation rates were the highest for totally amorphous polymer and decreased with the increase in crystallinity. Some semicrystalline polymers appeared to increase in weight initially before manifesting weight loss because of degradation, especially in the presence of a polymeric amine, and to a lesser extent in the presence of water. Among aminoalcohols, EA containing a primary amine group was significantly more effective than that containing a tertiary amine in degrading semicrystalline polymers. Trialkanolamines appeared to cause swelling of the particulate semicrystalline polymers before significant weight loss from degradation manifested. Mechanistic implications of the results relating the degrading chemicals and the polymer properties and compositions are proposed.
Eyeblinks and Visual Suppression (1980)

A technique for bypassing the eyelids permits equivalent visual stimulation of the retina before, during, or after a blink. Sensitivity to these stimuli decreases during voluntary blinks. This indicates that the source of the deficit is neural rather than optical. Such a visual loss may help to explain the common experience that most blinks go unnoticed.
Narrowband LTE in Machine to Machine Satellite Communication (2018)

Recent trends to wireless Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication and Internet of Things (IoT) has created a new demand for more efficient low-throughput wireless data connections. Beside the traditional wireless standards, focused on high bandwidth data transfer, has emerged a new generation of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) which targets for less power demanding low-throughput devices requiring inexpensive data connections.\n\nRecently released NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) specification extends the existing 4G/LTE standard allowing more easily accessible LPWAN cellular connectivity for IoT devices. Narrower bandwidth and lower data rates combined to a simplified air interface make it less resource demanding still benefiting from the widely spread LTE technologies and infrastructure.\n%% Applications & Why space\nApplications, such as wide scale sensor or asset tracking networks, can benefit from a global scale network coverage and easily available low-cost user equipment which could be made possible by new narrowband IoT satellite networks.\n\nIn this thesis, the NB-IoT specification and its applicability for satellite communication is discussed. Primarily, LTE and NB-IoT standards are designed only for terrestrial and their utilization in Earth-to-space communication raises new challenges, such as timing and frequency synchronization requirements when utilizing Orthogonal Frequency Signal Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques.\n\nMany of these challenges can be overcome by specification adaptations and other existing techniques making minimal changes to the standard and allowing extension of the terrestrial cellular networks to global satellite access.
Forecasting Uncertainty in Electricity Smart Meter Data by Boosting Additive Quantile Regression (2016)

Smart electricity meters are currently deployed in millions of households to collect detailed individual electricity consumption data. Compared with traditional electricity data based on aggregated consumption, smart meter data are much more volatile and less predictable. There is a need within the energy industry for probabilistic forecasts of household electricity consumption to quantify the uncertainty of future electricity demand in order to undertake appropriate planning of generation and distribution. We propose to estimate an additive quantile regression model for a set of quantiles of the future distribution using a boosting procedure. By doing so, we can benefit from flexible and interpretable models, which include an automatic variable selection. We compare our approach with three benchmark methods on both aggregated and disaggregated scales using a smart meter data set collected from 3639 households in Ireland at 30-min intervals over a period of 1.5 years. The empirical results demonstrate that our approach based on quantile regression provides better forecast accuracy for disaggregated demand, while the traditional approach based on a normality assumption (possibly after an appropriate Box-Cox transformation) is a better approximation for aggregated demand. These results are particularly useful since more energy data will become available at the disaggregated level in the future.
Design and fabrication of 4H silicon carbide MOSFETS (2009)

The 4H-SiC power MOSFET is an excellent candidate for power applications. Major technical difficulties in the development of 4H-SiC power MOSFET have been low MOS channel mobility and gate oxide reliability. In this dissertation, a novel 4H-SiC power MOSFET structure has been presented with the aim of solving these problems. The research started from the study and improvement of the channel mobility of lateral trench-gate MOSFET that features an accumulation channel for high channel mobility. The design, fabrication and characterization of lateral trench-gate MOSFET are presented. The fabricated lateral trench-gate MOSFET with an accumulation channel of 0.15μm exhibited a high peak channel mobility of 95 cm2/Vs at room temperature and 255 cm2/Vs at 200oC with stable normally-off operation. Based on the successful demonstration of high channel mobility, a vertical trench-gate power MOSFET structure has been designed and developed. This structure also features an epitaxial N-type accumulation channel to take advantage of high channel mobility. Moreover, this structure introduces a submicron N-type vertical channel by counter-doping the P base region via a low-dose nitrogen ion implantation. The implanted vertical channel provides effective shielding for gate oxide from high electric field.A process using the oxidation of polysilicon was developed to achieve self-alignment between the submicron vertical channel and the gate trench. A "sandwich" process, including nitric oxide growth, dry oxygen growth and nitric oxide annealing, was incorporated to grow high-quality gate oxide. The fabricated single-gate vertical MOSFET can block up to 890 V at zero gate bias. The device exhibited a low specific on-resistance of 9.3 mΩcm2 at VGS=70 V, resulting in an improved FOM ( ) of 85 MW/cm2. A large-area MOSFET with an active area of 4.26x10-2 cm2 can block up to 810V with a low leakage current of 21μA and conducted a high on-current of 1 A at VDS=3 V and VGS=50 V. The fabricated devices all exhibited the stable normally-off operation with threshold voltages of 5~6 V. Their subthreshold characteristics with high on/off ratios of 3~5 indicates that the MOSFETs are capable of operating stably as switching devices.
An indirect pathway of receptor-mediated 1,2-diacylglycerol formation in mast cells. I. IgE receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase D. (1990)

The current studies explore the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in mast cell activation. Although most investigators believe that receptor-mediated accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) occurs by phospholipase C hydrolysis of phosphoinositides, our previous work indicated a modest role for these substrates and suggested that phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the more likely substrate. PLD cleaves the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids to yield phosphatidic acid (PA), but in the presence of ethanol, it transfers the phosphatidyl moiety of the phospholipid substrate to ethanol producing phosphatidylethanol (PEt); a reaction termed transphosphatidylation. In purified rat mast cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid, [3H]palmitic acid, or 1-O-[3H]alkyl-lysoPC, a receptor-associated increase in PLD activity was initially suggested by the rapid accumulation of labeled PA, although other mechanisms might be involved. PLD activity was assessed more directly by the production of labeled PEt by PLD-mediated transphosphatidylation in the presence of ethanol. IgE receptor cross-linking resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in PLD activity during the 10 min after stimulation, approximately 50% of which occurred during the first two min. PEt formation was dependent on the concentration of ethanol and was maximal at 0.5%. At concentrations of ethanol greater than or equal to 0.2%, receptor-dependent formation of PA was reduced suggesting that the ethanol promoted transphosphatidylation at the expense of hydrolysis. The dose-related decline in PA accumulation seen in the presence of ethanol was similar to ethanol-mediated inhibition of exocytosis suggesting that receptor-mediated PA formation may be of regulatory importance. These observations indicate that PLD-mediated formation of PA occurs in stimulated mast cells and, in conjunction with separate findings of PA phosphohydrolase conversion of PA to DAG in mast cells, suggest that a major mechanism of DAG formation during mast cell activation is PC----PA----DAG.
Direct Detection of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Clinical Specimens in Low- and High-Incidence Countries by Line Probe Assay (2003)

ABSTRACT The INNO-LiPA Rif.TB assay is designed for the detection of rpoΒ gene mutations causing rifampin resistance in isolates. We applied the method directly to 60 Lithuanian and Danish clinical specimens to detect rifampin resistance rapidly. Results were obtained in 78.3% of clinical specimens, and all were concordant with those obtained by BACTEC 460. The assay could have major impact on the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
DESIGN OF AN AUTONOMOUS ROBOT OPERATING IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS (2018)

Current autonomous robots are limited to work only in one single environment. Forexample (swimming and submerging) in water, (walking, jumping and mobile) onground or (flying and floating) in air. However, in case of seeking a series ofautonomous operations that required to be held in different environments, eithermany robots should be used, or a single robot that can operate in differentenvironments should be established. Therefore, this research is aimed at designing asingle autonomous robot that can fly in air -as Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV)-, sail inwater -as Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV)- and move on the ground-as UnmannedGround Vehicle (UGV)- and this is a new category of robots which could be calledUnmanned Multi-environments Vehicle or Autonomous Multi-environments Robot.The mathematical model of the proposed robot is derived using kinematic anddynamic model. Then a linearized version of the model is obtained. The used controlapproach is based on the linear proportional derivative Integral controller (PID) usingnested control loops and applied to the model. Finally the behavior of the Robotunder the proposed control strategy is simulated and observed in 3D plot Simulink /Matlab.
Sulfenylation and selenenylation of lactams (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfenylation and selenenylation of lactamsP. A. Zoretic and P. SojaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 22, 3587–3589Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00884a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00884a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SqueezeSeg: Convolutional Neural Nets with Recurrent CRF for Real-Time Road-Object Segmentation from 3D LiDAR Point Cloud (2018)

We address semantic segmentation of road-objects from 3D LiDAR point clouds. In particular, we wish to detect and categorize instances of interest, such as cars, pedestrians and cyclists. We formulate this problem as a point-wise classification problem, and propose an end-to-end pipeline called SqueezeSeg based on convolutional neural networks (CNN): the CNN takes a transformed LiDAR point cloud as input and directly outputs a point-wise label map, which is then refined by a conditional random field (CRF) implemented as a recurrent layer. Instance-level labels are then obtained by conventional clustering algorithms. Our CNN model is trained on LiDAR point clouds from the KITTI [1] dataset, and our point-wise segmentation labels are derived from 3D bounding boxes from KITTI. To obtain extra training data, we built a LiDAR simulator into Grand Theft Auto V (GTA-V), a popular video game, to synthesize large amounts of realistic training data. Our experiments show that SqueezeSeg achieves high accuracy with astonishingly fast and stable runtime (8.7±0.5 ms per frame), highly desirable for autonomous driving. Furthermore, additionally training on synthesized data boosts validation accuracy on real-world data. Our source code is open-source released <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . The paper is accompanied by a video <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> containing a high level introduction and demonstrations of this work.
Diagnosis for wiring interconnects (2002)

The authors address the problem of generating minimum test sets for diagnosing faults in wiring interconnects on printed circuit boards. It is assumed that all the nets can be accessed in parallel or through a boundary-scan chain on the board. The fault model includes multiple stuck-at and short faults. Three methods for three different diagnosis mechanisms are presented. It is also pointed out that the self-diagnosis problem is the same as the concurrent error detection problem for asymmetric errors. Thus, the diagnostic methods considered are similar to the coding methods used in concurrent error detection. All the diagnostic methods can be extended to structural tests by taking advantage of the geometry of a circuit board to produce an efficient test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-dimensional crystals of photosystem II: biochemical characterization, cryoelectron microscopy and localization of the D1 and cytochrome b559 polypeptides. (1996)

Photosystem II (PS II) is a photosynthetic reaction center found in higher plants which has the unique ability to evolve oxygen from water. Several groups have formed two-dimensional PS II crystals or have isolated PS II complexes and studied them by electron microscopy and image analysis. The majority of these specimens have not been well characterized biochemically and have yielded relatively low resolution two-dimensional projection maps with a variety of unit cell sizes. We report the characterization of the polypeptide and lipid content of tubular crystals of PS II. The crystals contain the reaction center core polypeptides D1, D2, cytochrome b559, as well as the chlorophyll-binding polypeptides (CP) CP47, CP43, CP29, CP26, CP24, and CP22. The lipid composition was similar to the lipids found in the stacked portion of thylakoids. We also report a 2.0-nm resolution projection map determined by electron microscopy and image analysis of frozen, hydrated PS II crystals. This projection map includes information on the portion of the complex buried in the lipid bilayer. The unit cell is a dimer with unit vectors of 17.0 and 11.4 nm separated by an angle of 106.6 degrees. In addition, Fab fragments against D1 and cytochrome b559 were used to localize those two polypeptides, and thus the reaction center, within the PS II complex. The results indicate that D1 and cytochrome b559 are found within one of the heaviest densities of the monomeric unit.
Biological Aspects and Binding Strategies of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). VEGF is up-regulated in clear cell RCC as a result of loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene and subsequent activation of the hypoxia response pathway. VEGF expression drives the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells to support the extensive angiogenesis in RCC. Strategies have been developed to bind and neutralize VEGF and have been investigated in RCC with promising results. Bevacizumab, a VEGF ligand-binding antibody, has shown prolonged time-to-progression versus placebo in treatment-refractory RCC patients and is being investigated currently in multiple RCC settings. VEGF-Trap is also a VEGF binding molecule with ongoing investigation in RCC.
Membrane emulsification for particle production (2008)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Outdoor experiential-based training: motivational and environmental influences affecting outcomes (2002)

The purpose of this study was to go beyond the examination of the single construct of team building by measuring the impact of motivational and environmental factors on the effectiveness of an outdoor-based training (OBT) intervention. The study assessed the self-perceptions of trainee attitudes and attributes that influenced the constructs of motivation to learn, learning which was operationalized as team building, and the motivation to transfer newly acquired knowledge to the work setting.
<p>Comparison of Gut Microbiome in Human Colorectal Cancer in Paired Tumor and Adjacent Normal Tissues</p> (2020)

All these findings implied a better understanding of the alteration in the gut microbiome, which may offer new insight into diagnosing and therapying for CRC patients.
Moisture Leveling in Paper, Wood, Textiles and other Mixed Dielectric Sheets<sup>*</sup> (1966)

Recent work on leveling moisture during the manufacture of paper is reported. Experimental results obtained on a pilot machine are given and the question of frequency vs. moisture content and basic weight is discussed.
Optimization model of master production scheduling based on genetic algorithm (2008)

The optimization problems of master production scheduling in a typical discrete manufacturing enterprise with various products and multistage assembly processes are studied.For the purpose of minimizing overall production and inventory costs,the optimization model is presented under the finite-capacity production condition by using the penalty coefficients of earliness and tardiness production.By combining the genetic algorithm with heuristic methods,a new kind of searching strategy is proposed for the optimization of master production scheduling in enterprise resource planning systems.Finally,an example of scheduling is given,and the solving performance is also analyzed.The results of the experiment indicate that this algorithm model is effective and feasible.
T cell receptor triggering induces responsiveness to interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 but does not lead to T cell proliferation. (1986)

Abstract The antigen-like activity of monoclonal antibodies directed at the T3-Ti antigen receptor complex of human T lymphocytes was employed to study activation requirements of resting T cells. Efficient antigen recognition (signal 1) by T lymphocytes requires multimeric antigen receptor triggering because under appropriate experimental conditions soluble ligands do not produce this initial signal for T cell activation. The latter leads to receptiveness for both interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2). Importantly, induction of proliferation requires an additional signal (signal 2), namely IL 1, which appears to be required to enable optimal secretion of IL 2. In contrast, presensitized T lymphocytes do not require IL 1 for IL 2 production. In this case, antigen receptor oligomerization is in itself sufficient to induce IL 2 receptor expression, and IL 2 secretion as well.
Effects of a Medical Intensivist on Patient Care in a Community Teaching Hospital (1997)

Addition of a medical intensivist was temporally associated with improved clinical and educational outcomes in our community teaching hospital.