gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video luminescent barometry - The induction period (1993)

Video monitoring of oxygen quenching of the photoluminescence of platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) in silicone polymer resin may be used to measure pressure distribution over an airfoil. A continuous increase of the luminescence intensity of PtOEP on exposure to the exciting light is known as the induction effect. The effect of several factors on PtOEP photoluminescence and the induction effect was investigated. The experimental apparatus is described and results are presented. It was observed that the relative induction amplitude and induction time increase at higher oxygen pressure and with thicker films. These observations may be explained if the singlet oxygen produced by oxygen quenching is consumed by the polymer and is therefore unavailable for further quenching. Researchers using this method for measuring pressure distribution on airfoil surfaces should be aware of the induction effect and its implications.
Volatile solubilities in magmas: Transport of volatiles from mantles to planet surfaces (1986)

Experimental measurements of the solubility of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , H 2 , and H 2 O in silicate melt were made at pressures from 10 to 20 Kb and temperatures of 1200°C. The C‐O‐H fluid phase was buffered by graphite, iron, and wüstite. Detailed measurements were made on melts of NaAlSi 3 O 8 composition and the results confirmed for alkalic and tholeiitic basalt liquids. The melt volatiles have dramatically lower H 2 /H 2 O and higher CO/CO 2 ratios than the fluid. The result is large differences between the C‐O‐H compositions of the melt and the fluid (fluids about 16 atm % C, 6% O, and 78% H; melts about 4% C, 32% O, and 64% H). The measured solubilities allow calculation of activity coefficients for volatile species in the melt. They are, roughly, CO = 0.1, H 2 O = 0.6, CO 2 = 1, H 2 = 3, and CH 4 = 60. This two‐order‐of‐magnitude variation in activity coefficients causes the significant volatile fractionation observed between fluid and melt. We argue that the same fractionation will occur in the more usual case of fluid‐absent partial melting of planetary mantles. The fractionation is such that reducing mantles will form magmas that yield volcanic gases about 1.5 orders‐of‐magnitude more oxidizing than the mantle source, while oxidizing mantles will form magmas with more reduced volcanic gases. We conclude that a volcanic gas composition cannot be directly used to estimate either the oxygen fugacity or volatile composition of its magma source region. The results suggest that volcanic gases will normally lie in the “neutral” range of oxygen fugacity, near that of the quartz‐fayalite‐magnetite buffer. These gases are predominately H 2 O with minor CO 2 , CO, H 2 , and CH 4 .
The mechanism of cyclosporine toxicity induced by clarithromycin (1997)

As clarithromycin was shown to inhibit CYP3A activity in all subjects tested, we recommend that a high degree of caution be exercised when clarithromycin is administered to patients receiving cyclosporine therapy or other drugs known to be eliminated by CYP3A-mediated metabolism.
Speaker normalization using second-order connectionist networks (1990)

A method for speaker-adaptive classification of vowels using connectionist networks is developed. A speaker-specific linear transformation of observations of the speech signal is computed using second-order connectionist network units. Vowel classification is accomplished by a multilayer network, which operates on the transformed speech data. The network may be adapted for a new talker by modifying the transformation parameters while leaving the classifier network fixed. This is accomplished by back-propagating classification error through the classifier to the transformation parameters. A model of this type was evaluated for 75 speakers using the first two formant values of the Peterson/Barney data (ten vowels). When the speaker-dependent transformation and nonlinear classifier were simultaneously optimized, a vowel recognition accuracy of 96.8% was obtained. However, when adapted from average speaker parameters, the network was shown to be very sensitive to initial values. When the linear transformation was optimized separately by minimizing the mean-squared error between vowels across talkers, and the classifier optimized for this normalized data, better results were obtained. Recognition accuracy using the normalized data was 91.7%; when adapted to each speaker, the accuracy improved to 96.6%.
The Reaction of Ethyl α- and γ-Bromoacetoacetates with S-Alkylisothioureas (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Ethyl α- and γ-Bromoacetoacetates with S-AlkylisothioureasR. M. Dodson, Elwood R. Peterson, and Jay K. SeylerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 3281–3282Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01163a509https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbon footprint optimization (2012)

We discuss four problems that we have identified under the umbrella of carbon economics problems: carbon credit allocation (CCA), carbon credit buying (CCB), carbon credit selling (CCS), and carbon credit exchange (CCE). Because of the strategic nature of the players involved in these problems, game theory and mechanism design provides a natural way of formulating and solving these problems. We then focus on a particular CCA problem, the carbon emission reduction problem, where the countries or global industries are trying to reduce their carbon footprint at minimum cost. We briefly describe solutions to the above problem.
Green tea polyphenol (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in colon carcinogenesis (2006)

Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, has been shown to have anti-cancer activity in various cancers including colon cancer. It has been demonstrated that overexpression of the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) occurs during colon tumorigenesis and inhibition of COX-2 by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is chemopreventive. To determine whether the anti-cancer effect associated with green tea impacted COX-2 expression levels, human colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCA-7, were treated with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant and effective polyphenol of green tea. EGCG significantly inhibited constitutive COX-2 mRNA and protein overexpression. The inhibitory effects of EGCG on signaling pathways controlling COX-2 expression were examined. We observed that EGCG down regulated the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways in colon cancer cells. The effect of EGCG on COX-2 expression resulted in decreased COX-2 promoter activity via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. EGCG also promoted rapid mRNA decay mediated through the COX-2 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). In conclusion, these data suggest that inhibition of COX-2 is a mechanism for the anti-proliferative effect of green tea and emphasizes the role that dietary factors have as anti-cancer agents.
A 1372-element Large Scale Hemispherical Ultrasound Phased Array Transducer for Noninvasive Transcranial Therapy (2009)

Noninvasive transcranial therapy using high intensity focused ultrasound transducers has attracted high interest as a promising new modality for the treatments of brain related diseases. We describe the development of a 1372 element large scale hemispherical ultrasound phased array transducer operating at a resonant frequency of 306 kHz. The hemispherical array has a diameter of 31 cm and a 15.5 cm radius of curvature. It is constructed with piezoelectric (PZT‐4) tube elements of a 10 mm in diameter, 6 mm in length and 1.4 mm wall thickness. Each element is quasi‐air backed by attaching a cork‐rubber membrane on the back of the element. The acoustic efficiency of the element is determined to be approximately 50%. The large number of the elements delivers high power ultrasound and offers better beam steering and focusing capability. Comparisons of sound pressure‐squared field measurements with theoretical calculations in water show that the array provides good beam steering and tight focusing capability over an efficient volume of approximately 100×100×80 mm3 with nominal focal spot size of approximately 2.3 mm in diameter at −6 dB. We also present its beam steering and focusing capability through an ex vivo human skull by measuring pressure‐squared amplitude after phase corrections. These measurements show the same efficient volume range and focal spot sizes at −6 dB as the ones in water without the skull present. These results indicate that the array is sufficient for use in noninvasive transcranial ultrasound therapy.
Pressure Controlled Heat Pipe Solar Receiver for Regolith Oxygen Production with Multiple Reactors (2011)

Oxygen from lunar regolith can be extracted to provide breathable oxygen for consumption by astronauts during long term stays on the Moon. The regolith is heated using concentrated solar energy to 1050°C, and then hydrogen is introduced that reacts with the regolith, extracting oxygen in the form of water vapor. After several hours, the regolith is dumped, and fresh regolith is added. To minimize mass, it is desirable to supply thermal energy to multiple reactors with a single concentrator. This paper discusses a system that uses Pressure Controlled Heat Pipes (PCHPs) to transfer heat to the multiple reactors from a single heat source. A PCHP permits active control over heat pipe operation by varying the gas quantity or the volume of the gas reservoir. The design and control scheme for the regolith processing system using PCHPs are complex. For this reason, four separate devices are being fabricated and tested and are reported in this paper: low-temperature, singlesided water/ Monel system, low-temperature, double-sided water/ Monel system, hightemperature, single-sided alkali metal/Haynes 230 system and a high-temperature, doublesided alkali metal/Haynes 230 system.
On the dependence of the photoelectric current on the position of the plane of polarization of the exciting light in reference to the surface of the kathode (1894)

(1894). On the dependence of the photoelectric current on the position of the plane of polarization of the exciting light in reference to the surface of the kathode. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 38, No. 230, pp. 158-159.
High-numerical-aperture optical designs (1997)

This paper is an overview of the designs of high-numerical-aperture lenses for optical projection lithography at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center.
Integrating semantics and flexible syntax by exploiting isomorphism between grammatical and semantical relations (1987)

This work concerns integration between syntax and semantics. Syntactic and semantic activities rely on separate bodies of knowledges. Integration is obtained by exploiting the isomorphism between grammatical relations (among immediate constituents) and conceptual relations, thanks to a limited set of formal mapping rules. Syntactic analysis does not construct all the explicit parse trees but just a graph that represents all the plausible grammatical relations among immediate constituents. Such graph gives the semantic interpreter, based on Conceptual Graphs formalism, the discriminative power required to establish conceptual relations.
Theoretical studies on the electronic structure and properties of complex ceramic crystals and glasses. Annual progress report, July 1, 1991--June 30, 1992 (1991)

This progress report summarizes the accomplishment of the DOE-support research program at the University of Missouri-Kansas City for the period July 1, 1991--June 30, 1992. This is the second year of a three-year renewal. The major accomplishments for the year are: (a) Initiation of fundamental studies on the electronic properties of C{sub 60} and related crystals; (b) study of electronic structures and optical properties of several important ceramic crystals, especially on AlN, SiO{sub 2} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}; (c) first-principles calculation of total energies and structural phase transitions in oxides, nitrides, and borides; (d) theory of magnetism in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B permanent magnetic alloy. The major focus for the next year`s effort will be on the following areas: (1) Continuation of the fundamental studies on the buckminsterfullerene system with particular emphasis on the alkali-doped superconducting fullerides. (2) Fundamental studies on the structure and properties of Boron and B-related compounds. (3) Basic studies on the structural and electronic properties of metallic glasses with particular emphasis on the magnetic glasses. (4) Further development of the first-principles OLCAO method for applications to super-complex systems.
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on a Novel Family of Specific HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (2003)

We have previously reported the discovery and preliminary structure-activity relationships of a new class of specific HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors whose prototype compound is the 1-[2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-3-N-[(carboxy) methyl]-thymine. In an attempt to increase the inhibitory efficacy against HIV-1 RT of this new class of nucleosides, and to further explore the structural features required for anti-HIV-1 activity, different types of modifications have been carried out on the prototype compound. These include substitution of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups by other liphophilic groups, replacement of the carboxy group at the N-3 position of the nucleobase by other functional groups, change in the length of the spacer between the thymine and the carboxylic acid residue and substitution of the thymine moiety by other pyrimidine (uracil, 5-ethyluracil) or purine (hypoxanthine) nucleobases. In addition, the most salient structural features of this new class of HIV-1-specific nucleosides have been incorporated into classical HIV RT nucleoside inhibitors such as ddl, AZT, d4T. Our studies demonstrate that both the carboxymethyl moiety at the nucleobase and tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups at the sugar are important structural components since deletion of either of them is detrimental to the antiviral activity.
Comment interpréter le plan carolingien de Saint-Gall (1937)

Reinhardt Hans. Comment interpréter le plan carolingien de Saint-Gall. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 96, n°3, année 1937. pp. 265-279.
A complement to Trotter's product formula for nonlinear semigroups generated by the subdifferentials of convex functionals (1982)

The purpose of this note is to announce several new results con- cerning product formulas for nonlinear semigroups in Hilbert space.
Analyzing the effects of the granularity of recomputation based techniques to cope with radiation induced soft errors (2008)

A single radiation induced transient can cause multiple errors in a circuit. Hardware and time-based mitigation solutions able to handle multiple errors can be very expensive in terms of area and performance. To face this problem, recomputation has been proposed as a means to cope with transient errors in this new scenario. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the levels of granularity in the recomputation process, and the verification time cost, in the final application execution time when dealing with multiple errors.
Hyperbeta-Lipoproteinemia in Acute Intermittent Porphyria (1970)

HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA occurs in some patients with inherited hepatic porphyrias1 , 2 and also in laboratory animals with chemically induced hepatic porphyria.2 To define the nature of the disturbance in lipoprotein metabolism implied by this hypercholesterolemia,3 , 4 we have measured the concentrations of the various lipoproteins in the plasma of patients with the well defined hereditary hepatic porphyria, acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). The initial results of this study are reported here.Methods and ResultsEach of the 10 patients studied had AIP well documented by personal and family history and by several chemical criteria (Table 1).5 Blood was drawn, and the lipoproteins quantitated as . . .
Thermodynamics and kinetics of ceramic/metal interfacial interactions (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2004.
The cytoplasmic tail of the D1A receptor subtype: identification of specific domains controlling dopamine cellular responsiveness (2002)

The authors of the above article (J. Neurochem.79, pp. 10471058) wish to make an amendment to Figure 1. The amended figure is reproduced below. Schematic representation of the amino acid sequence of wild-type and truncated rat D1A dopaminergic receptors. Truncation sites (arrows) and last amino acid of the truncated receptors (filled circles) are represented.
Pharmacology of a new non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agent: 6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz [b, e] oxepin-2-acetic acid (HP 549). (1977)

HP 549 is an orally effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with moderate analgesic and antipyretic activity. It is active in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis when given prophylactically or therapeutically. HP 549 also inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat, an activity which is not altered by adrenalectomy. The analgesic activity of HP 549 was demonstrated in phenylquinone writhing. However, HP 549 produced variable results in the Randall-Selitto analgesia test. The anti-pyretic activity of HP 549 appears to be weak. HP 549, unlike other pharmacologically active anti-inflammatory drugs, does not produce gastric irritation at effective doses and is 45 times less ulcerogenic than indomethacin. Also the acute therapeutic indices for HP 549 are more favorable than for indomethacin.
Simultaneous sequencing of oxidized methylcytosines produced by TET/JBP dioxygenases in <i>Coprinopsis cinerea</i> (2014)

TET/JBP enzymes oxidize 5-methylpyrimidines in DNA. In mammals, the oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mCs) function as epigenetic marks and likely intermediates in DNA demethylation. Here we present a method based on diglucosylation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) to simultaneously map 5hmC, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine at near-base-pair resolution. We have used the method to map the distribution of oxi-mC across the genome of Coprinopsis cinerea, a basidiomycete that encodes 47 TET/JBP paralogs in a previously unidentified class of DNA transposons. Like 5-methylcytosine residues from which they are derived, oxi-mC modifications are enriched at centromeres, TET/JBP transposons, and multicopy paralogous genes that are not expressed, but rarely mark genes whose expression changes between two developmental stages. Our study provides evidence for the emergence of an epigenetic regulatory system through recruitment of selfish elements in a eukaryotic lineage, and describes a method to map all three different species of oxi-mCs simultaneously.
3D Morphometric Analysis of Normal Sacroiliac Joints: A New Classification of Surface Shape Variation and the Potential Implications in Pain Syndromes. (2017)

Sacroiliac joint, spine pain, 3D reformation, SI joint area, SI joint shape, SI joint pain syndrome.
Quantitative Measurement of mRNA Using the RNase Protection Assay (2003)

RNase protection provides a sensitive method for detecting and quantitating specific RNAs. The method relies on the ability of ribonuclease A and ribonuclease T1 to digest single-stranded RNA, but not perfectly base-paired double-stranded RNA. In this respect RNA:RNA hybrids are more resistant to ribonuclease than RNA:DNA hybrids are to S1 nuclease, resulting in fewer artifacts. RNase protection has a number of advantages over Northern analysis in the quantitation of mRNA levels. First, the hybridization of probe and target RNA takes place in a very small volume with very favorable renaturation kinetics (). Second, poly(A)+ RNA is rarely required since 10 μg of RNA are sufficient for the detection of mRNA species present at l–5 copies/cell. Third, the RNase protection method allows the discrimination between closely homologous sequences, allowing the detection of specific mRNA species within a population of closely related sequences. Fourth, RNase protection is particularly suited to the quantitation mRNA species that are partially degraded (which is common with clinical samples) or too large to be found intact by Northern analysis, since the probe is generally significantly shorter than the target RNA.
Golden hamster embryonic genome activation occurs at the two‐cell stage: Correlation with major developmental changes (1992)

The earliest time of onset of embryonic genome activation in golden hamsters was investigated. The inhibition of transcription by alpha-amanitin (11 micrograms/ml) in cultured embryos resulted in a total arrest of development of early 2-cell embryos (26 hr post-egg activation); under similar conditions, immediate cleavage divisions of 1-, late 2-, 4-, and 8-cell embryos were not affected. Electrophoretic analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled embryonic proteins showed that alpha-amanitin treatment apparently inhibited transcription-dependent protein synthesis in early 2-cell and, to some extent, in late 2-cell when compared to 4-cell embryos. Analysis of total RNA synthesis, using [alpha 32P]-UTP or [32P]-orthophosphate, showed that there was a high proportion of radioactivity associated with the macromolecular fraction (RNA) at the early and late 2-cell stages and at the 4-cell stage compared to that at the 1-cell stage. These results indicate that the de novo synthesis of RNA, encoded by the embryonic genome, occurs at the 2-cell stage and that the second and subsequent cleavage divisions of hamster preimplantation embryos are dependent on new transcriptional activity. This initial activity of the embryonic genome in hamsters is coincident with several characteristic features of in vitro development such as a block to development, synthesis of major proteins, change in energy substrate preference, phosphate-inhibition of development and a requirement for amino acids.