gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulated emission at 300°K and simultaneous lasing at two wavelengths in epitaxial Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>l-x</sub>As injection lasers (1968)

Efficient room temperature injection lasers have been fabricated with Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> As by use of liquid phase epitaxy. Simultaneous lasing at wavelengths separated by more than 1000 Å has been observed at 100°K and below. The wavelengths and their separation may be controlled by process variations.
CASE OF SPONTANEOUS EVACUATION OF THE CRANIUM (1856)

Malacosteon .... 072 in., above the coDjugate.
Refocussing therapeutic strategies for cardiac arrhythmias: defining viable molecular targets to restore cardiac ion flux (2008)

Background: Despite the global prevalence, mortality and morbidity associated with cardiac arrhythmias, there is a paucity of effective anti-arrhythmic strategies. Existing pharmacological approaches are, at best, suboptimal and, at worst, actually provoke arrhythmias. Objectives: From the perspectives of clinical efficacy, mechanisms of action and socioeconomic factors, the authors shed light on possible reasons why innovative approaches for developing anti-arrhythmics have so far not been translated into better, safer anti-arrhythmics. Methods: The scope of this review was defined by recent advances in the pharmacological regulation of molecules located on the surface of cardiac cells (K+ and Ca2+ channels, pumps and exchangers and gap junctions). In addition, the authors considered rapidly evolving concepts that involve modulation of components in intracellular compartments such as mitochondria or sarcoplasmic reticulum. Information was taken from primary scientific papers and patent literature relating to anti-arrhythmic development from 1990 to the present day. Results: The authors are optimistic that recent developments in anti-arrhythmic design offer potentially vastly improved therapies. In particular, the prospective therapeutic benefits of manipulation of novel targets, including atrially-restricted Kv1.5 channels, mitochondrial KATP channels, ryanodine receptors and CaMKII are emerging. This necessary diversification of therapeutic targets likely marks the beginning of a paradigm shift toward anti-arrhythmic design based on a broad range of cellular targets. The future expansion of the cardioactive pharmacopeia will harness rational chemical design and explore the use of naturally occurring compounds. These new approaches for developing anti-arrhythmics are dependent on cardiac cell-based screening strategies for identifying and characterising novel compounds.
The initiation of a coronal transient (1982)

The coronal transient/eruptive prominence event of August 5, 1980, observed by the Mauna Loa experiment system is analysed. This event provided data on the early development of the transient in the low corona between 1.2 and 2.2 solar radii, information that was not available when earlier attempts were made to explain transient phenomena. The transient's initial appearance in the form of a rising density-depleted structure, before the eruption of the associated prominence, is explained as an effect of magnetic buoyancy. The data suggest that this transient has a density depletion of 17% to 33% relative to an undisturbed corona which is approximately isothermal with a temperature of 1.5 x 10 to the 6th K and a coronal density of 1.0 x 10 to the 9th/cu cm at the base of the corona.
A novel rate control initialization algorithm for H.264 (2009)

This paper presents a novel rate control initialization algorithm for H.264. Firstly the first instantaneous decoding refresh frame in a video sequence is intra-coded to get the mean absolute difference (MAD) value, then the average MAD value of the second, third and fourth frames which are inter-coded is computed, finally the initial quantization parameter is determined depending on the bits per pixel and the two MAD values. When compared with the algorithm JVT-G012 (2003) which is the current recommended algorithm implemented in the H.264 reference software JM13.0 and the algorithm by H.Wang and S.Kwong (see IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Techno!., vol.18, no.1, p.140-4, Jan. 2008), the proposed algorithm can increase the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed video by up to 1.241 dB and 1.262 dB, respectively.
Recycling and Self-Healing of Polybenzoxazines with Dynamic Sulfide Linkages (2017)

In this work, a recycling and self-healing strategy for polybenzoxazines through both S-S bond cleavage-reformation reaction and supramolecular attractions is described. Both recyclable and self-healable polybenzoxazines can be prepared from low cost chemicals with a simple procedure in only 30 minutes. For this purpose, inverse vulcanization of poly(propylene oxide)benzoxazine (PPOB) and diallybenzoxazine (B-al) with elemental sulfur was performed at 185 °C. The obtained cross-linked polymer films exhibited thermally driven recycling ability up to 5 cycles. Moreover, the self-healing ability of a test specimen was shown. Spectral characterizations, thermal stability and fracture toughness of the films were investigated after each recycling.
Cross-Linked Microcapsules Formed From Self-Deactivating Reactive Polyelectrolytes (2010)

Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMM(0)) was partially hydrolyzed in a 9/1 acetonitrile-d(3)/D(2)O mixture and then diluted with an aqueous buffer and coated onto poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated calcium alginate capsules. The resulting 50% hydrolyzed polymer (PMM(50)) is bound to the surface-immobilized PLL through both electrostatic and covalent interactions, resulting in a shell-cross-linked hydrogel capsule that is resistant to chemical challenges. Further hydrolysis of PMM(50) in aqueous buffer was monitored by potentiometry and was found to proceed with a half-life time of about 2.5 min at 20 degrees C such that residual anhydride groups not consumed by cross-linking with PLL would be deactivated by hydrolysis within several minutes of shell formation, removing potential sites for undesired protein binding. Initial protein-binding tests involving incubation of the capsules in bovine serum albumin solutions for 24 h showed no indication of protein binding. The effects of coating temperature, PLL concentration and molecular weight, PMM(50) molecular weight, and multiple PLL-PMM(50) coatings on shell morphology and behavior were studied using confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as chemical challenges involving sodium citrate and sodium hydroxide. The resilience of the cross-linked shell improved with increasing concentrations of PLL and decreasing molecular weight of PMM(50), both of which resulted in more polyelectrolyte being bound to the capsule. The permeability of these covalently cross-linked capsules was studied using fluorescently labeled dextrans and was found to be comparable to standard calcium alginate-PLL-alginate (APA) capsules.
The Role of Dimension in Multivalent Binding Events: Structure–Activity Relationship of Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate Binding to <scp>L</scp>‐Selectin in Correlation with Size and Surface Charge Density (2011)

L-, P-, and E-Selectin are cell adhesion molecules that play a crucial role in leukocyte recruitment from the blood stream to the afflicted tissue in an acute and chronic inflammatory setting. Since selectins mediate the initial contact of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium, they have evolved as a valuable therapeutic target in diseases related to inflammation by inhibition of the physiological selectin-ligand interactions. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that dPGS, a fully synthetic heparin analogue, works as an efficient inhibitor towards L- and P-selectin in vitro as well as in vivo. Herein, the focus is directed towards the effect of size and charge density of the polyanion. The efficiency of L-selectin inhibition via an SPR-based in vitro assay and a cell-based flow chamber assay is investigated with dPGS ranging from approximately 4 to 2000 kDa. SPR measurements show that the inhibitory potential of highly sulfated dPGS increases with size and charge density. Thereby, IC(50) values from the micromolar to the low picomolar range are determined. The same tendency could be observed in a cell-based flow chamber assay with three representative dPGS samples. This structure-affinity relationship of dPGS suggests that the strong inhibitory potential of dPGS is not only based on the strong electrostatic interaction with areas of cationic surface potential on L-selectin but is also due to a steric shielding of the carbohydrate binding site by large, flexible dPGS particles.
Organic dyes in PMMA in a planar luminescent solar collector: a performance evaluation (1982)

The performance of organic dyes in PMMA has been evaluated in a three-layer planar luminescent solar concentrator. The single plate and combined three-plate efficiencies have been measured for a number of dyes, and results of one typical combination are reported here. A detailed characterization of the spectroscopic properties of the dye molecules as well as the device dependent and device independent parameters of the plates allow comparison between measured and predicted efficiency. Our results demonstrate the presence of a significant positive synergism for the multilayer device.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to an Optically Pure Key Intermediate of Dihydromevinolin. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scale-up Synthesis of Tesirine (2018)

This work describes the enabling synthesis of tesirine, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibody–drug conjugate drug-linker. Over the course of four synthetic campaigns, the discovery route was developed and scaled up to provide a robust manufacturing process. Early intermediates were produced on a kilogram scale and at high purity, without chromatography. Midstage reactions were optimized to minimize impurity formation. Late stage material was produced and purified using a small number of key high-pressure chromatography steps, ultimately resulting in a 169 g batch after 34 steps. At the time of writing, tesirine is the drug-linker component of eight antibody–drug conjugates in multiple clinical trials, four of them pivotal.
Ten point six micron optical heterodyne communication system. Phase 4 Progress report, 1 Nov. 1967 - 31 Jan. 1968 (1968)

Construction and tests of two water-cooled carbon dioxide lasers for 10.6 micron optical heterodyne communication system
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems for restoration of motor function of paralyzed muscles--versatile systems and a portable system. (1992)

Multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems were developed to restore the motor functions of the paralyzed muscles, i.e. two kinds of versatile systems for laboratory use and a practical portable system were developed. The first microcomputer-based FES system was composed of an 8 bit microcomputer (PC-8801mkII) with a voice recognition board and 30 stimulation outputs, in which the voice commands were used for selecting a motion pattern, and for executing (start), (hold), (restart) and (stop) commands. In combination with the voice commands, a proportional control command detected from a head angle sensor was used for volitional control of motion. The second microcomputer-based FES system was composed of a 16 bit microcomputer (PC-9801 UV or compatible) with flexible control capabilities (e.g. respiratory sensors) for volitional control and with 64 stimulation outputs. An originally designed practical portable FES system was 89 x 145 x 31 mm in dimension and 380 g in weight. This paper describes the system configurations, the control methods of these FES systems and three examples of the clinical applications of the FES systems.
Skeletal muscle mass is associated with bone geometry and microstructure and serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 levels in adult women and men (2012)

Skeletal muscle and bone form highly-integrated systems that undergo significant age-related changes, but the relationships between muscle mass and trabecular versus cortical bone or trabecular microarchitecture have not been systematically investigated. Thus, we examined the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) relative to height squared (relative ASM) and bone parameters at several sites assessed by conventional as well as high-resolution peripheral QCT in a cohort of 272 women and 317 men aged 20 to 97 years. In women, relative ASM was associated with cortical thickness (CtTh) at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, radius, and tibia (age-and physical activity adjusted r = 0.19-0.32; all p < 0.01). Relative ASM was also associated with trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the femoral neck and spine (all p < 0.05), and trabecular bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV), number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), and separation (TbSp) at the radius (all p ≤ 0.05). In all men, relative ASM was associated with CtTh at all sites (age- and physical activity-adjusted r = 0.17-0.28; all p < 0.01). Associations between relative ASM and trabecular vBMD at the spine in men were lost after adjusting for age; however, relative ASM was associated with trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck and TbN and TbSp at the radius (all p < 0.01). We also investigated circulating factors associated with bone health that may be indicative of relative ASM and found that serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) levels were the most robust negative predictors of relative ASM in both sexes. Collectively, these data add to the growing body of evidence supporting the highly-integrated nature of skeletal muscle and bone, and provide new insights into potential biomarkers that reflect the health of the musculoskeletal system.
Condition assessment of power transformer on-load tap-changers using wavelet analysis (2001)

The operation of a power transformer on-load tap-changer (OLTC) produces a well-defined series of vibration bursts as its signature. Due to the harmonic and nonstationary nature of the transient vibration signal, traditional frequency and time-frequency techniques are on longer effective for characterization of this type of vibration signals, as the localized time domain features, such as delays between bursts, the number of bursts, and the strengths of bursts, are essential for the condition assessment of OLTC. A wavelet transform based technique is developed in this paper to characterize the OLTC vibration signals. This technique gives a simplified format for displaying and representing the essential features of the OLTC vibration signatures. Application results from a selector type OLTC demonstrate that the features extracted in the wavelet domain can be utilized to provide reliable indications of the actual heath of an OLTC.
Improving Morphology‐Based Malignancy Grading Schemes in Astrocytic Tumors by Means of Computer‐Assisted Techniques (1998)

We propose an original methodology which improves the accuracy of the prognostic values associated with conventional morphologically-based classifications in supratentorial astrocytic tumors in the adult. This methodology may well help neuropathologists, who must determine the aggressiveness of astrocytic tumors on the basis of morphological criteria. The proposed methodology comprises two distinct steps, i.e. i) the production of descriptive quantitative variables (related to DNA ploidy level and morphonuclear aspects) by means of computer-assisted microscopy and ii) data analysis based on an artificial intelligence-related method, i.e. the decision tree approach. Three prognostic problems were considered on a series of 250 astrocytic tumors including 39 astrocytomas (AST), 47 anaplastic astrocytomas (ANA) and 164 glioblastomas (GBM) identified in accordance with the WHO classification. These three problems concern i) variations in the aggressiveness level of the high-grade tumors (ANA and GBM), ii) the detection of the aggressive as opposed to the less aggressive low-grade astrocytomas (AST), and iii) the detection of the aggressive as opposed to the less aggressive anaplastic astrocytomas (ANA). Our results show that the proposed computer-aided methodology improves conventional prognosis based on conventional morphologically-based classifications. In particular, this methodology enables some reference points to be established on the biological continuum according to the sequence AST-->ANA-->GBM.
Effect of fiber volume fraction, fiber length and fiber tow size on the energy absorption of chopped carbon fiber–polymer composites (2005)

Abstract Composite materials have the potential to reduce the overall cost and weight of automotive structures with the added benefit of being able to dissipate large amounts of impact energy by progressive crushing. To identify and quantify the energy‐absorbing mechanisms in candidate automotive composite materials, modified test methodologies were developed for conducting progressive crush tests on flat‐plate composite specimens. The test method development and experimental setup focused on isolating the damage modes associated with the frond formation that occurs in dynamic testing of composite tubes. The Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC) is interested in investigating the use of chopped carbon fiber–reinforced composites as crash‐energy absorbers primarily because the low costs involved in their manufacture make them cost‐effective for automotive applications. While many in the past have investigated the energy‐absorption characteristics in various continuous fiber–reinforced composite materials, no literature is available on the energy‐absorption and crushing characteristics of chopped carbon fiber–reinforced composite materials. Hence quasi‐static progressive crush tests were performed on composite plates manufactured from chopped carbon fiber (CCF) with an epoxy resin system using compression‐molding techniques, and the effect of material parameters (fiber volume fraction, fiber length, and fiber tow size) on energy absorption was evaluated by varying them during testing. Of the parameters evaluated, fiber length appeared to be the most critical material parameter determining the specific energy absorption of a composite material, with shorter fibers having a higher specific energy absorption than longer fibers, possibly because of the increased concentration of stress raisers in the shorter fiber specimens, resulting in a larger number of fracture‐initiation sites. The combination of material parameters that yielded the highest energy‐absorbing material was identified. The test observations and trends established from this work would help support the development of low‐cost energy absorbers for the automotive industry. POLYM. COMPOS. 26:293–305 2005. Published 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Magnetic circular dichroism studies. III. Investigation of some optically active chlorins (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic circular dichroism studies. III. Investigation of some optically active chlorinsBernard. Briat, David A. Schooley, Ruth. Records, Edward. Bunnenberg, and Carl. DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 24, 6170–6177Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01000a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01000a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Xe Congrès international de la Société de pathologie exotique, 8-9 novembre 2017, Haïphong (Vietnam) – Accès à la chirurgie en zones tropicales (2017)

International audience
Secondary Polycythemia in Male B6C3F1 Mice with Spontaneously Occurring Hepatocellular Carcinomas (1997)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of polycythemia occurring in control male B6C3F1 mice with hepatocellular carcinomas from 2-yr carcinogenicity studies. Erythrocyte counts and plasma erythropoietin levels in these mice were significantly increased compared to those in nontumor-bearing mice. Hepatocellular carcinomas in the mice were well differentiated, and the neoplastic hepatocytes contained either or both of 2 types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies; one was relatively large and weakly eosinophilic (pale inclusion body), while the other was relatively small and strongly eosinophilic (globular inclusion body). The pale eosinophilic inclusions but not the globular ones were immunohistochemically positive for erythropoietin. Ultrastructurally, the erythropoietin-positive inclusions were characterized by granular materials in dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting increased protein synthesis. Erythropoietin-negative inclusions were dense bodies that were not surrounded by a delimiting membrane. These findings indicate that polycythemia in hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice occurs secondary to excess synthesis and secretion of erythropoietin by neoplastic hepatocytes.