gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coulombic fission and evaporation of antimony cluster ions (1995)

The preferential dissociation channels of singly and doubly charged antimony clusters have been determined from the unimolecular dissociation of energy rich cluster ions, using an ion stopping technique. It is found that singly charged Sb+n clusters with 5≤n≤80 dissociate by loss of neutral molecules. Neutral dimer loss is observed for n=5, 6, 7 whereas for n≥8, Sb+n loses Sb4. The fragmentation of doubly charged Sb++n has been investigated above the critical size n++c=24 from which doubly charged clusters are detectable in mass spectra. On the time scale of the experiment, which is 1 μs≤t≤100 μs with respect to photoionization, the delayed Coulombic fission into two singly charged clusters competes with the evaporation of Sb4. It is shown that for the smaller Sb++n clusters with 26≤n≤36 the fission to two singly charged clusters is of relatively asymmetrical character, leading to the detachment of five and seven atom cationic fragments. In larger clusters n≥40 the fission is of more symmetrical character and the difference in the fission products is less than 30%. Such a behavior totally deviates from the drop model predictions.
Improvement of Numerical Control Flame Cutting Quality (2011)

Steel processing industry is becoming more competitive. Continuous improving product quality and brand effect is the only way to keep its leading position. This paper briefly analyzes the existing problems and the measures,and cutting production in some special shape of workpiece quality control.
Porous Airfoils in Transonic Flow (1984)

Analyse demontrant que l'intensite d'onde de choc sur des profils aerodynamiques epais dans le regime transsonique est considerablement reduite par etablissement d'un ecoulement secondaire au travers de la paroi poreuse du profil (entre la region externe et sa cavite interne), cet ecoulement secondaire etant soumis a la loi de Darcy
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. 6. trans-6-[2-(Substituted-1-naphthyl)ethyl(or ethenyl)]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones (1990)

A variety of trans-6-[2-(substituted-1-naphthyl)ethyl(or ethenyl)]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones were prepared and, upon conversion to their 3,5-dihydroxy carboxylates, were found to have good inhibitory activity against the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, the rate-determining enzyme in cholesterogenesis. The most active compounds are 2,4,6- and 2,4,7-trichloro derivatives and would be expected to display about the same potency as the standard compactin upon resolution.
Systematics in the Chemistry of the Boron Hydrides (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSystematics in the Chemistry of the Boron HydridesR. W. Parry and L. J. EdwardsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 14, 3554–3560Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01523a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (858 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Identification of excitation systems from time response tests (1994)

This paper presents a methodology to obtain standard models of excitation systems for synchronous generators from time response tests. Excitation system modelling is discussed, and a series of tests are proposed to obtain these models. To obtain the small-signal parameters a continuous-time parameter estimation method with state-space models is used. An improvement to the Gauss-Newton algorithm, used in the minimisation of the objective function, is presented. The accuracy of the parameters obtained is also discussed. The methodology is illustrated in the identification of the excitation of a large hydraulic generator.
Design of a variable half rate speech codec (2003)

In this paper, we combined generalized analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) structure and an algebraic excitation scheme to propose a variable half rate speech codec. The proposed codec operates on the speech frame of 20 ms at a sampling rate of 8 kHz. Also we introduce an efficient voicing detection algorithm using both frame energy and acoustic parameters to detect the voiced, unvoiced and silence region. 4 kb/s speech codec for the voiced region uses the generalized AbS structure which is efficient for the low bit rate speech codec. The generalized AbS structure is used for the relaxed CELP (RCELP) and it can reduce the bitrate for the pitch information by linear interpolation of the pitch delay. LP coefficients are converted to line spectrum pairs (LSP) and quantized using a predictive 2-stage VQ. A low complexity algebraic codebook which uses a shifting method is used for the fixed codebook excitation. 4 kb/s speech codec for the unvoiced region is same as that for the voiced region, except that the latter uses an open loop pitch lag in the whole frame. Also 1 kb/s codec is designed for the silence and background noise region. Experiments show that the variable half rate codec provides the average bit rate of about 2.63 kb/s for the test sentences whose voice activity factor (VAF) is 0.47. The mean opinion score (MOS) of the proposed variable half rate codec is 3.69.
High-dose cytosine arabinoside-associated pancreatitis (1985)

Thirty patients with leukemia and lymphoma have been treated at our institution with high doses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Gastrointestinal symptoms were frequent after therapy, and 6 of the 30 patients had severe abdominal pain. Of the six, two had pancreatitis; two had normal amylase and lipase determinations; and in two, neither amylase nor lipase levels were determined. The two patients with pancreatitis are presented because this complication of high-dose Ara-C therapy has not been described. The authors conclude that pancreatitis can follow high-dose Ara-C chemotherapy and that patients with abdominal pain following this treatment be evaluated for pancreatitis.
Enzymic determination of the free cholesterol fraction of high-density lipoprotein in plasma with use of 2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid. (1988)

A highly sensitive enzymic colorimetric reagent is described for determination of the free cholesterol fraction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which represents about 20% of the total cholesterol content of this lipoprotein. For greater sensitivity with respect to cholesterol, I used 2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid instead of phenol in the cholesterol oxidase/peroxidase/4-aminoantipyrine reagent system. This allows determination of the free cholesterol fraction of HDL isolates prepared with polyethylene glycol 6000, a method for precipitating beta-lipoprotein that involves a twofold dilution of plasma. The reagent, adapted for use with a Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer, results in between-run and within-run CVs of less than 3% and a linearity to at least 400 mg of HDL free cholesterol per liter. Comparison with results by Trinder's cholesterol method, which measures cholest-4-en-3-one at 232 nm, showed good correlation (r = 0.9829, slope 1.0001, and y-intercept +2.4797 mg/L). With the manual procedure for HDL free cholesterol, between-batch and within-batch CVs were less than 5%, and results correlated well with those by the automated method (r = 0.9975, slope 0.9839, and y-intercept +2.4327 mg/L). The mean (and SD) HDL free cholesterol for 123 men was 96.8 (30.6) mg/L and for 122 women 136.4 (36.8) mg/L, indicating a distinct sex-related difference, similar to that found for HDL total cholesterol. HDL free cholesterol in plasma may therefore be a potential new predictor of coronary heart disease.
Log Analyzer for Network Forensics and Incident Reporting (2010)

Network intrusion detection systems are used in network forensics and network auditing to log suspicious activities that potentially signify security violations on the networks as alerts. However, the efficacies of intrusion aggregations to succinctly process audit logs that are gaining wider acceptability in computer security are flawed because the methods frequently require high level of expertise to validate each alert and the methods only focus on interesting events. Thus, deceptive attacks that are intentionally launched to be uninteresting events frequently elude detections. Consequently, aggregated alerts are not seriously considered for litigation and incident handling exercises. Therefore, this paper presents extensive investigations of these problems. We deployed Snort to sniff offline datasets in intrusion detection mode and we clustered the alerts of each dataset with several filtering criteria. Furthermore, the results obtained have established how to detect various kinds of interesting and uninteresting attacks that frequently elude detections.
Impaired Neurotransmitter Release in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases (2010)

Mutations in several causative genes have been linked to monogenic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). To look for possible common pathogenic mechanisms underlying age-related neurodegeneration in AD and PD, we employed genetic approaches to investigate systematically the roles of these gene products (e.g. presenilins (PS) for AD; Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 for PD) in the mouse brain, especially in neural circuits that are particularly vulnerable in AD or PD. Our series of genetic studies revealed that PS play cell type-specific roles in the developing brain with the most prominent function in the maintenance of neural progenitor cells. In the adult cerebral cortex, where the pathogenesis of AD occurs, loss of PS results in progressive memory impairment and age-related neurodegeneration. Specifically, PS are involved in the regulation of long-term potentiation and NMDA receptor functions. Interestingly, our further genetic dissection in the hippocampal Schaeffer collateral pathway highlighted the importance of presynaptic PS in the activity-dependent regulation of glutamate release and long-term potentiation induction via modulation of calcium release from intracellular stores. Intriguingly, our independent genetic analysis of Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 showed a common defect in activity-dependent dopamine release caused by PD-linked mutations in these genes. Together, our genetic studies suggest that presynaptic dysfunction might be a converging early pathogenic event before neurodegeneration in AD and PD.
Reader response: Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (2018)

The updated American Academy of Neurology guidelines on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are essential both for clinical and research settings.1 Dramatic changes in the definition of MCI over recent decades require a more dynamic and on-limits attitude towards newly proposed diagnostic and treating methods, which leads to a few concerns that demand further explanation.
Electrophysiological and Immunocytochemical Evidence for P2X Purinergic Receptors in Pancreatic β Cells (2008)

The ATP-gated ion channels are present in pancreatic beta cells from different species. Specifically, mouse beta cells express rapidly desensitizing P2X1 and P2X3 receptors. Paracrine or neural activation of these receptors may contribute to the initial outburst of glucose- or acetylcholine-evoked insulin release, thus enhancing the islet secretory response.
The long-term suppression of heat in cattle with implants of melengestrol acetate (1973)

SUMMARY The effectiveness of silastic rubber implants impregnated with melengestrol acetate (MGA) to suppress heat in heifers being finished for beef was tested. Nine uniparous females received MGA implants, nine received 0·5 mg MGA orally and eight similar non-treated animals served as controls for a 110-day experimental period. Based on occurrence ofheat and ovarian examination during treatment and at slaughter, the silastic implants were effective in suppressing heat throughout the experimental period. The animals with implants also had a significantly higher rate of daily gain than the controls (P<0·1). In a second experiment the implants were effective in suppressing heat but the increase in daily gain did not reach significance. Silastic implants of MGA are effective for the long-term suppression of oestrus in finishing heifers and their effective life span is sufficiently long for use under commercial farming conditions.
State of the art and prospectives of smart rotor control for wind turbines (2007)

The continued reduction in cost of energy of wind turbines, especially with the increasingly upscaling of the rotor, will require contribution from technology advances in many areas. Reducing loads on the rotor can offer great reduction to the total cost of wind turbines. With the increasing size of wind turbine blades, the need for more sophisticated load control techniques has induced the interest for locally distributed aerodynamic control systems with built-in intelligence on the blades. Such concepts are often named in popular terms "smart structures" or "smart rotor control". This paper focuses on research regarding active rotor control and smart structures for load reduction. It presents an overview of available knowledge and future concepts on the application of active aerodynamic control and smart structures for wind turbine applications. The goal of the paper is to provide a perspective on the current status and future directions of the specific area of research. It comprises a novel attempt to summarize and analyze possible advanced control systems for future wind turbines. The overview builds on existing research on helicopter rotors and expands similar concepts for wind turbine applications, based on ongoing research in the field. Research work has been analyzed through UPWIND project's work package on Smart Rotor Blades and Rotor Control. First, the specifications of unsteady loads, the state of the art of modern control for load reduction and the need for more advanced and detailed active aerodynamic control are analyzed. Also, overview of available knowledge in application of active aerodynamic control on rotating blades, from helicopter research, is provided. Concepts, methods, and achieved results are presented. Furthermore, R&D so far and up-to-date ongoing progress of similar applications for wind turbines are presented. Feasibility studies for wind turbine applications, preliminary performance evaluation and novel computational and experimental research approaches are reviewed, including DUWIND's recent achievement of applying feedback aerodynamic control on a wind tunnel model of a scaled blade for load reduction. The potential of load reduction using smart rotor control concepts is shown. This study provides a unique overview of advanced aerodynamic control methods utilizing smart structures for wind turbines, discusses feasibility of future implementation, and also quantifies key parameters and shows the challenges associated with such an approach.
Biosynthesis of cell wall and septum during yeast growth. (1993)

The primary septum that forms in yeast cells at cytokinesis consists of the polysaccharide chitin. Three chitin synthetases (Chs1, Chs2 and Chs3) have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cloning and disruption of the respective genes showed that Chs3 is responsible for the formation of a chitin ring at the base of an emerging bud and of chitin dispersed in the cell wall, whereas Chs2 catalyzes the synthesis of a chitin disc that completes the primary septum. Chs1 acts as a repair enzyme, replenishing chitin lost through excessive action of a chitinase that facilitates cell separation by degrading part of the septum. The major structural polysaccharide of the yeast cell wall is beta(1->3)glucan. The glucan synthetase complex is bound to the plasma membrane. By differential extraction of the membranes with salt and detergents two solubilized fractions have been obtained which are required, in addition to GTP, for glucan synthesis. Further purification of one of these fractions led to results that indicate a role for other proteins in the modulation of GTP stimulation. A G-protein system appears to function in the regulation of beta(1->3) glucan and cell wall formation in vivo.
Colour cues proved to be more informative for dogs than brightness (2013)

The results of early studies on colour vision in dogs led to the conclusion that chromatic cues are unimportant for dogs during their normal activities. Nevertheless, the canine retina possesses two cone types which provide at least the potential for colour vision. Recently, experiments controlling for the brightness information in visual stimuli demonstrated that dogs have the ability to perform chromatic discrimination. Here, we show that for eight previously untrained dogs colour proved to be more informative than brightness when choosing between visual stimuli differing both in brightness and chromaticity. Although brightness could have been used by the dogs in our experiments (unlike previous studies), it was not. Our results demonstrate that under natural photopic lighting conditions colour information may be predominant even for animals that possess only two spectral types of cone photoreceptors.
Statistische Untersuchung des Grundprozesses der Quantentheorie der Elementarteilchen (1953)

Der Grundprozeß der Quantentheorie der Teilchen, die Erzeugung oder Vernichtung eines Teilchens in einem Punkt, wird elementarstatistisch und quantenstatistisch analysiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß man jede Gesamtheit von Grundprozessen elementarstatistisch behandeln kann, wenn man gewisse Bedingungen einhält, die davon herrühren, daß die elementare Statistik nichtumkehrbaren Prozessen angepaßt ist, während die quantenstatistischen Prozesse umkehrbar sind.
Latch-up performance of a sub-0.5 micron inter-well deep trench technology (2002)

The latch-up performance of a 3.3 volt, sub-0.5 micron, non-epitaxial bulk CMOS technology is described. For the first time, we present measured data which shows the holding voltage of the inter-well deep trench structure increases with reduced N/sup +P/sup +/ spacing. All other technologies, including the thin epi on P/sup +/ substrate process, suffer a decrease in holding voltage as the N/sup +P/sup +/ spacing is reduced. PISCES 2D simulations illustrate that the increase in holding voltage for the inter-well deep trench structure is due to enhanced current confinement along the trench sidewall. For the PNPN test device with an N/sup +P/sup +/ spacing of 2 /spl mu/m, the holding voltage is as high as 4.8 volts for the inter-well deep trench structure as compared to 1.5 volts for the bulk CMOS structure. The inter-well deep trench technology provides a 10/spl times/ improvement in holding current (60 mA) as compared to non-trench, bulk CMOS (6 mA). The fabricated inter-well deep trench structure also demonstrates excellent immunity to sidewall inversion, with sidewall leakage current less than 0.08 pAspl mu/m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure-based design and synthesis of small molecule human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitors (2007)

An important, yet unexploited potential therapeutic target against the human immunodeficiency virus is the integrase enzyme. To aid the structure-based based design of potential inhibitors, a model of HIV-1 integrase, which was composed of two catalytic core domains, was prepared. This dimeric model could accurately reproduce the crystallographically resolved orientation of the HIV-1 IN inhibitor 5CITEP.\nA series of 10 naphthalene sulfonate derivatives, which were based on a previously identified lead Direct-Red 25, were prepared. Although there is a common consensus that the naphthalene sulfonate class of HIV-1 IN inhibitors may bind within a third and as yet unexploited binding site, docking simulations indicated that the derivatives inhibit the enzyme via binding within the active site. The two most active Direct-Red 25 analogues produced possessed IC50 values of 34 μM and 48 μM respectively. It was anticipated that the azo linker in analogues may be metabolically reduced to afford toxic aniline derivatives. Numerous attempts to synthesise starting materials required for the formation of non-azo derivatives were unsuccessful. Seven commercially available naphthalene sulfonate dyes were subjected to biological testing. The IC50 values of these analogues demonstrated that the critical elements required for anti-IN activity were ortho substituted phenol or naphthol functionalities. The anti-IN activity of other molecules containing ortho substituted phenol or naphthol motifs had been previously documented with the majority of these molecules being cytotoxic. For these reasons the development of the Direct-Red 25 analogues was abandoned.\nA number of commercially available dyes which lacked the naphthalene sulfonate functionality were subjected to biological testing. Two active compounds, Cresyl-Blue (IC50 10 μM) and Disperse-Orange 30 (IC50 0.5 μM) were identified. Fourteen Disperse- Orange derivatives were synthesised. None of these derivatives possessed potent anti-IN activity. Subtle alterations to the Disperse-Orange 30 structure obliterated anti-IN activity demonstrating that the lead binding interactions were extremely specific. Extensive docking simulations failed to provide definitive insights into key Disperse-Orange features required to elicit anti-IN activity.\nThe structure-based design of peptidomimetic HIV-IN inhibitors was investigated following a lead from an associated project. A protocol for docking flexible peptidomimetic derivatives was established and utilised to dock 40 analogues into an inhibited and an uninhibited HIV-1 IN model. From analysis of the docking data an active second generation derivative, IC50 16 μM, with significantly reduced molecular mass was produced, and a third generation of inhibitors was designed.
The New Abolitionism: Capitalism, Slavery, and Animal Liberation (2014)

Capitalism originated in—and would have been impossible without—imperialism, colonization, the international slave trade, genocide, and large-scale environmental destruction. Organized around profit and power imperatives, capitalism is a system of slavery, exploitation, class hierarchy, inequality, violence, and forced labor. The Global Capitalist Gulag was fueled, first, by the labor power of millions of slaves from Africa and other nations, and, second, by massive armies of immigrants, former artisans and craftsmen, domestic workers, and urban masses that comprised an utterly new social class, the industrialized proletariat.KeywordsNonhuman AnimalSlave OwnerAnimal LiberationFactory FarmTotal LiberationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.