gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infectious hepatitis. Evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection (1967)

The identification of two types of infectious hepatitis with distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological features provided an explanation for the occurrence of second attacks of the disease. One type resembled classical infectious hepatitis (IH); it was characterized by an incubation period of 30 to 38 days, a relatively short period of abnormal serum transaminase activity (3 to 19 days), a consistently abnormal thymol turbidity, and a high degree of contagion. The other type resembled serum hepatitis (SH); it was characterized by a longer incubation period (41 to 108 days), a longer period of abnormal transaminase activity (35 to 200 days) and a relatively normal thymol turbidity. Contrary to commonly accepted concepts, the SH type was moderately contagious. Patients with IH type were later proved to be immune to the same type. Patients with the SH type were not immune to the IH type infection.
Photoconductivity in doped microcrystalline Si:H,Cl films (1986)

Microcrystalline silicon films have been deposited by glow discharge in SiCl4-H2 mixture. We have studied the dependence of the photoconductivity on the nominal gas-phase doping. The behavior of the photoconductivity depends on the presence of chlorine, which, in turn, affects the deposition rate. These facts introduce several distinctive features in comparison with samples deposited from silane.
Rapid Cytoplasmic Turnover of Yeast Ribosomes in Response to Rapamycin Inhibition of TOR (2012)

The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is the central regulator of cell growth in eukaryotes. Inhibition of TOR by rapamycin elicits changes in translation attributed mainly to altered translation initiation and repression of the synthesis of new ribosomes. Using quantitative analysis of rRNA, we found that the number of existing ribosomes present in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture during growth in rich medium rapidly decreases by 40 to 60% when the cells are treated with rapamycin. This process is not appreciably affected by a suppression of autophagy, previously implicated in degradation of ribosomes in eukaryotes upon starvation. Yeast cells deficient in the exosome function or lacking its cytoplasmic Ski cofactors show an abnormal pattern of rRNA degradation, particularly in the large ribosomal subunit, and accumulate rRNA fragments after rapamycin treatment and during diauxic shift. The exosome and Ski proteins are thus important for processing of rRNA decay intermediates, although they are probably not responsible for initiating rRNA decay. The role of cytoplasmic nucleases in rapamycin-induced rRNA degradation suggests mechanistic parallels of this process to nutrient-controlled ribosome turnover in prokaryotes. We propose that ribosome content is regulated dynamically in eukaryotes by TOR through both ribosome synthesis and the cytoplasmic turnover of mature ribosomes.
Comparative Study of 3D FIESTA and 3D FRFSE T_2WI Sequences in the Evaluation of Cranial Nerves (2008)

Objective To compare 3D FIESTA with 3D FRFSE T2WI MRI sequences in the evaluation of cranial nervesⅠ-Ⅻ. Materials and Methods 3D FIESTA and 3D FRFSE T2WI were used in 5 volunteers and 17 patients with complaint of vertigo,tinnitus and hearing loss.528 nerves were evaluated.Two radiologists independently divided the imaging findings into 3 grades:1 (completely visualized),2 (partially visualized),and 3 (not visualized).The first two grades were defined as visualization and the last grade was no visualization. Results The rate of visualization of these cranial nerves with 3D FRFSE T2WI and 3D FIESTA sequences were as follows respectively: nerve Ⅰ(84% and 80%,P=0.310.05);nerve Ⅱ(100% and 100%);nerve Ⅲ(82% and 100%,P0.001);nerve Ⅳ(5% and 39%,P0.001);nerve Ⅴ (100% and 100%);nerve Ⅵ(45% and 98%,P0.001);nerve Ⅶ(100% and 100%);nerve Ⅷ (100% and 100%);nerve Ⅸ-Ⅺ complex (70% and 100%,P0.001);nerve Ⅻ(7% and 86%,P0.001). Conclusion 3D FIESTA sequence is superior to 3D FRFSE T2WI sequences in the evaluation of cisternal parts of cranial nerves, especially tiny cranial nerves.
Hashing based indexing techniques for content based image retrieval: A survey (2017)

Image retrieval has been an active research field and classified as concept-based and content-based image retrieval systems. One of the key challenges is to design indexing technique for fast and accurate retrieval of images. Unsupervised techniques are more practical due to its learning binary codes property. Hashing based methods highly depends on the quality of hash functions and constructing effective hash functions is a challenging task. This paper presents a detailed study of recent hashing based techniques for analysis of the future scope research in hashing based indexing techniques.
Epitaxial graphene/SiC Schottky ultraviolet photodiode with orders of magnitude adjustability in responsivity and response speed (2018)

A simple optical-electronic device that possesses widescale adjustability in its performance is specially required for realizing multifunctional applications as in optical communication and weak signal detectors. Here, we demonstrate an epitaxial graphene (EG)/n-type SiC Schottky ultraviolet (UV) photodiode with extremely widescale adjustability in its responsivity and response speed. It is found that the response speed of the device can be modulated over seven orders of magnitude from tens of nanoseconds to milliseconds by changing its working bias from 0 to −5 V, while its responsivity can be varied by three orders of magnitude. A 2.18 A/W responsivity is observed at −5 V when a 325 nm laser is irradiated on, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency over 800% ascribed to the trap induced internal gain mechanism. These performances of the EG/SiC Schottky photodiode are far superior to those based on traditional metal/SiC and indicate that the EG/n-type SiC Schottky diode is a good candidate for application in UV photodetection.
Automatic extraction of keywords from scientific text: application to the knowledge domain of protein families. (1998)

valencia@cnb.uam.es
Efficient Off-Chip Memory Protection Mechanism for Embedded Computing Systems Using AES-GCM (2015)

Off-chip memory security has become a prime concern in embedded computing systems due to the requirement of storing a large amount of potentially sensitive information in them. Existing solutions have performance imperfection because of their deployment of hash tree or unaffordable on-chip memory overhead. In this paper, we propose an efficient off-chip memory protection mechanism based on Advanced Encryption Standard - Galois/Counter Mode (AES-GCM) to provide both confidentiality and integrity protection for data and programs transferred from processor to off-chip memory in embedded computing systems. Our proposal is a novel memory protection mechanism: in order to ensure security and minimize on-chip memory overhead, AES-GCM hardware engine is running and dynamically switching between two modes, one mode for processing data and programs (DP mode), the other mode for processing the cryptographic parameter of IV (IV mode). It can resist well-known physical attacks, including replay attacks, relocation attacks and spoofing attacks. We demonstrate that our memory protection mechanism incurs as little as 1.56% on-chip memory overhead and has an average performance decline of about 9.0%.
A Grammar-based Approach for Modeling User Interactions and Generating Suggestions During the Data Exploration Process (2016)

Despite the recent popularity of visual analytics focusing on big data, little is known about how to support users that use visualization techniques to explore multi-dimensional datasets and accomplish specific tasks. Our lack of models that can assist end-users during the data exploration process has made it challenging to learn from the user's interactive and analytical process. The ability to model how a user interacts with a specific visualization technique and what difficulties they face are paramount in supporting individuals with discovering new patterns within their complex datasets. This paper introduces the notion of visualization systems understanding and modeling user interactions with the intent of guiding a user through a task thereby enhancing visual data exploration. The challenges faced and the necessary future steps to take are discussed; and to provide a working example, a grammar-based model is presented that can learn from user interactions, determine the common patterns among a number of subjects using a K-Reversible algorithm, build a set of rules, and apply those rules in the form of suggestions to new users with the goal of guiding them along their visual analytic process. A formal evaluation study with 300 subjects was performed showing that our grammar-based model is effective at capturing the interactive process followed by users and that further research in this area has the potential to positively impact how users interact with a visualization system.
Organic Photocatalysts for the Oxidation of Pollutants and Model Compounds (2011)

The use of organic photocatalysts for the oxidation of pollutants and model compounds, with special emphasis on the involved concepts and mechanistic aspects, is reviewed. Photoinduced electron transfer involving the singlet excited state of phthalocyanines has been postulated in the photodegradation of phenols. The reactivity of OH - radical with different pollutants has been quantitatively determined by competition experiments, looking at the decrease of the typical transient absorption of the stilbene adduct at 390 nm. As regards heterogeneous media, after excitation at 355 nm of phthalocyanines immobilized in zeolites, the characteristic singlet oxygen luminiscence is monitored at 1270 nm. TPP has been included within extralarge pore zeolitic aluminosilicates, such as MCM-41. These materials provide an adequate balance between moderate cage effect and facilitation of molecular traffic through the mesopores.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high performance electroactive polymers (2004)

Making use of defects modification to P(VDF-TrFE) via either high energy electron irradiation treatment or copolymerizing VDF-TrFE with a small amount of chlorinated monomer to form a random terpolymer, we demonstrate that high electromechanical responses can be realized in P(VDF-TrFE) based polymers. It will be shown that in the stretched and irradiated 68/32 mol% copolymer, a transverse strain of 4.5% and a transverse electromechanical coupling factor k/sub 31/ of 0.65 can be induced under a field of 85 MV/m. In addition, the irradiated copolymer also exhibits a high elastic energy density, /spl sim/ 1 J/cm/sup 3/. For PVDF based terpolymers such as P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer (CFE: chlorofluoroethylene), an electrostrictive strain of more than 7% can be obtained. To elucidate the microstructure changes due to the defects modification in P(VDF-TrFE) based polymers, synchrotron X-ray measurement was carried out on the irradiated copolymers and the results show that, the irradiation converts the polar-phase into a nonpolar phase. In addition, X-ray date show that the polar-phase can be induced, at the expense of the nonpolar phase, by external fields, confirming that the field induced conformation change is responsible for the observed high electromechanical responses. Although the modified PVDF based polymer exhibits the highest room temperature dielectric constant (60 versus below 10), it is still far below those in the inorganic materials. Experimental results show that by using delocalized electrons in conjugated bonds an all-organic composite with a dielectric constant more than 400 can be achieved. As a result, a strain of near 2% with an elastic energy density higher than 0.1 J/cm/sup 3/ can be induced under a low applied field of 13 V//spl mu/m. The strain is proportional to the applied field and the composite has an elastic modulus near 1 GPa.
Economic dispatch and optimal sizing of battery energy storage systems in utility load-leveling operations (1999)

Battery energy storage (BES) systems show promise of savings for both the utility and the customer. An algorithm combining multi-pass dynamic programming (MPDP) with a time-shift technique has been developed for two purposes: economic dispatch of BES; and finding optimal BES power and energy capacities in a power system. Due to the daily cyclic nature of the load curve, a 168-hour load curve is decomposed into seven 24-hour subsections for easy management. Each subsection is treated independently. Decomposition can save computation time and computer memory. A time-shift technique provides better starting state values and improves the finding process of the MPDP approach. The Kansas City Power and Light system is used as an example to test this algorithm. The results obtained in this research have been compared with those from EPRI's DYNASTORE with reasonable discrepancy.
www.voicesfromthebluenile.org (2007)

Welcome to our portrait, in imagery and sound, of a refugee community. This presentation accompanies Wendy James’ study of how Sudan’s civil wars have affected just one among many minority groups who have lived through loss and displacement. You are invited to enter a series of eight clusters of video clips which illustrate the memory rich landscape of Bonga, one of several refugee settlements in Ethiopia where displaced Sudanese sought safety and assistance over the last two generations. To view the video clips, you will need a broadband connection and Flash 8 player. There are also a few audio clips which require a quicktime player.
A Generalization of the Bayesian Steady Forecasting Model (1979)

Summary The Bayesian Steady Forecasting model is generalized to a very wide class of processes other than the normal by defining the time series on the decision space. Examples of such processes are presented including a Beta-Binomial process, a Poisson-Gamma process and a Student-t sample distribution steady model. Simple updating relations are given for most of the processes discussed.
Mathematical foundation of the optimization-based fluid animation method (2011)

We present the mathematical foundation of a fluid animation method for unstructured meshes. Key contributions not previously treated are the extension to include diffusion forces and higher order terms of non-linear force approximations. In our discretization we apply a fractional step method to be able to handle advection in a numerically simple Lagrangian approach. Following this a finite element method is used for the remaining terms of the fractional step method. The key to deriving a discretization for the diffusion forces lies in restating the momentum equations in terms of a Newtonian stress tensor. Rather than applying a straightforward temporal finite difference method followed by a projection method to enforce incompressibility as done in the stable fluids method, the last step of the fractional step method is rewritten as an optimization problem to make it easy to incorporate non-linear force terms such as surface tension.
Note—An Improved Discrete Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Allocating Resources Among Interdependent Projects (1991)

Nemhauser and Ullmann (1969) proposed a discrete dynamic programming (DP) approach for several variations of the basic capital allocation model, including one in which the returns and resource consumption of projects are interdependent. For this case, we augment their DP approach with a branch-and-bound strategy as suggested in Morin and Marsten (1976). Computational results demonstrate that this enhancement significantly reduces required computation time and effectively removes any limit on the number of nonzero interaction terms allowed. We also demonstrate that our approach compares favorably to an alternative implicit enumeration approach proposed by Hansen (1972).
Evolutionary dynamics of an <i>Arabidopsis</i> insect resistance quantitative trait locus (2003)

Glucosinolate profiles differ among Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, caused by the composition of alleles at several glucosinolate biosynthetic loci. One of these, GS-Elong, harbors a family of methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAM) genes that determine the side chain length of aliphatic glucosinolate structures. Fine mapping reveals that GS-Elong constitutes an insect resistance quantitative trait locus, caused by variation in glucosinolate profiles conferred by polymorphism of MAM alleles in this region. A sequence survey of randomly chosen ecotypes indicates that GS-Elong is highly variable among A. thaliana ecotypes: indel polymorphisms are frequent, as well as gene conversion events between gene copies arranged in tandem. Furthermore, statistical methods of molecular population genetics suggest that one of the genes, MAM2, is subject to balancing selection. This may be caused by ecological tradeoffs, i.e., by contrasting physiological effects of glucosinolates on generalist vs. specialist insects.
Preliminary crystallographic data for Bowman-Birk inhibitor from soybean seeds. (1979)

A well characterized soybean protease inhibitor, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor, has been crystallized at room temperature in the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000 by vapor diffusion against an ammonium sulfate solution containing 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. An x-ray diffraction study reveals that the inhibitor crystallizes in a hexagonal unit cell of symmetry P6122 (or P6522) and dimensions a = b = 91.36(2) A and c = 63.92(2) A. Each of the 12 asymmetric units contains 2 molecules of molecular weight 8000. The crystal, which diffracts barely to 3-A spacings, is fairly stable to x-irradiation and has a solvent content of approximately 52% by volume.
Eaton-Lambert syndrome: a clinical and electrophysiological study of a patient treated with 4-aminopyridine. (1980)

In a patient with the Eaton-Lambert syndrome, 4-aminopyridine produced temporary improvement of clinical and electromyographic abnormalities. Application of the drug in vitro to intercostal muscle from the patient produced an increase in the evoked release of neurotransmitter from intramuscular nerves.
Small-Molecule Induction Promotes Corneal Epithelial Cell Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2014)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer unique opportunities for developing novel cell-based therapies and disease modeling. In this study, we developed a directed differentiation method for hiPSCs toward corneal epithelial progenitor cells capable of terminal differentiation toward mature corneal epithelial-like cells. In order to improve the efficiency and reproducibility of our method, we replicated signaling cues active during ocular surface ectoderm development with the help of two small-molecule inhibitors in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in serum-free and feeder-free conditions. First, small-molecule induction downregulated the expression of pluripotency markers while upregulating several transcription factors essential for normal eye development. Second, protein expression of the corneal epithelial progenitor marker p63 was greatly enhanced, with up to 95% of cells being p63 positive after 5 weeks of differentiation. Third, corneal epithelial-like cells were obtained upon further maturation.
Specific Antibodies and Their Potential Role in Periodontal Diseases (1993)

Periodontal diseases are thought to result from inflammatory responses to bacterial challenges in the gingival crevicular area. Antibodies are a major host-protective mechanism in many bacterial infections. Consequently, the antibody responses to suspected periodontal pathogenic bacteria have been extensively measured as to their relationship to diseases and specificity for suspected pathogens associated with progressing disease sites. Recently, studies on the bacterial immunogen characterization, antibody-subclass identification, and antibody biological capabilities have been reported. Although increased antibody levels to certain suspected periodontal pathogens were associated with periodontal diseases in humans, little evidence exists as to the role of these antibodies in the infectious process. In vivo experiments in animals indicated that specific antibodies against certain suspected periodontal pathogens were associated with suppression of bacterial colonization, limiting the spread of infection, and a decrease in alveolar bone loss. However, in vitro as well as in vivo experiments suggested that phagocytic cells are required for efficient bactericidal activity of antibodies and that the presence of other sensitized immune cells may either have inhibited or enhanced the infectivity of certain periodontal pathogens. Possible explanations for the observed inconsistencies are presented and the potential for utilization of specific anti-periodontal pathogen responses in the understanding and prevention of diseases is discussed.
Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical Applications in Medical Practice (2013)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a success story of scientific and technological co-operation between a physicist and a clinician. The concept of cross-sectional imaging revolutionalized the applicability of OCT in the medical profession. OCT is a non-contact, topographic, biomicroscopic device that provides high resolution, cross-sectional digital images of live biological tissues in vivo and in real time. OCT is based on the property of tissues to reflect and backscatter light involving low-coherence interferometry. The spatial resolution of as little as 3 microns or even less has allowed us to study tissues almost at a cellular level. Overall, OCT is an invaluable adjunct in the diagnosis and follow up of many diseases of both anterior and posterior segments of the eye, primarily or secondary to systemic diseases. The digitalization and advanced software has made it possible to store and retrieve huge patient data for patient services, clinical applications and academic research. OCT has revolutionized the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, follow up and response to treatment in almost all fields of clinical practice involving primary ocular pathologies and secondary ocular manifestations in systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, vascular and neurological diseases, thus benefitting non-ophthalmologists as well. Systemically, OCT is proving to be a helpful tool in substantiating early diagnosis in diseases like multiple sclerosis and drug induced retinopathies by detecting early changes in morphology of the retinal nerve fiber layer.
Roles of DPY30 in the Proliferation and Motility of Gastric Cancer Cells (2015)

Various types of histone methylation have been associated with cancer progression. Depending on the methylation site in histone proteins, its effects on transcription are different. DPY30 is a common member of SET1/MLL histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. However, its expression and roles in gastric cancer have been poorly characterized. To determine whether DPY30 has pathophysiological roles in gastric cancer, its expression and roles were examined. Immunohistochemistry and real time PCR showed up-regulation of DPY30 expression in some gastric cancer cell lines and patients' tissues. Its knockdown by siRNA decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas its overexpression showed the opposite effects. These results indicate that DPY30 has critical roles in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and suggest DPY30 might be a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.