gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of 78 adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome (2005)

22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a common microdeletion syndrome with multisystem expression. Phenotypic features vary with age, ascertainment, and assessment. We systematically assessed 78 adults (36 M, 42 F; mean age 31.5, SD 10.5 years) with a 22q11.2 deletion ascertained through an adult congenital cardiac clinic (n = 35), psychiatric-related sources (n = 39), or as affected parents of subjects (n = 4). We recorded the lifetime prevalence of features requiring attention, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) not overlapping zero. Subtle learning difficulties, hypernasality and facial gestalt were not included. We investigated ascertainment effects using non-overlapping subgroups ascertained with tetralogy of Fallot (n = 31) or schizophrenia (n = 31). Forty-three features met inclusion criteria and were present in 5% or more patients, including several of later onset (e.g., hypothyroidism, cholelithiasis). Number of features per patient (median 9, range 3-22) correlated with hospitalizations (P = 0.0002) and, when congenital features were excluded, with age (P = 0.02). Adjusting for ascertainment, 25.8% (95% CI, 9.5-42.1%) of patients had cardiac anomalies and 22.6% (95% CI, 7.0-38.2%) had schizophrenia. Ascertainment subgroups were otherwise similar in median number and prevalence of features. Non-characteristic features are common in 22q11DS. Adjusting for ascertainment effects is important. Many treatable conditions may be anticipated and features may accumulate over time. The results have implications for clinical assessment and management, genetic counseling and research into pathophysiological mechanisms.
4A isolated half-bridge gate driver with 4.5V to 18V output drive voltage (2014)

Isolated half-bridge gate drivers are used in a variety of applications that range from motor drives to isolated power supplies. However, providing isolated, adequate and well-timed half-bridge gate drive signals in these applications presents its own set of challenges. This paper presents an isolated half-bridge gate driver which supports 4.5V to 18V gate drive voltages. The gate drive outputs can switch capacitive loads up to 2nF in 12ns with 4A peak currents, at frequencies up to 1MHz, with no constraints on duty-cycle variation. Coreless micro-transformers are used for transmitting gate drive signals from input to isolated outputs. The gate drive signals are encoded before they are sent to the transformers, and then decoded to reproduce the gate drive output signals. The optimized encoding/decoding scheme enables sub 40ns propagation delay and less than 1ns delay matching, which are designed to improve the performance and efficiency of AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC power supplies, solar-power inverters and motor-control designs. Up to 5kV isolation is achieved through 20μm polyimide layers sandwiched in between the primary coils and the secondary coils. Also with two independent isolation channels, the half-bridge gate driver provide 800V galvanic isolation between the drivers' high-side and low-side outputs, which minimizes the potential for cross conduction and makes it ideal for providing reliable control over a wide range of bus voltages. An example application of the half-bridge gate drivers in a motor driver will also be discussed.
Recent advances in chemistry of enzymatic browning: an overview (1995)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is important in the beneficial coloration of some of our foods, such as prunes, dark raisins and teas. However, in most cases, PPO is the most damaging of enzymes in color deterioration (browning) of plant foods, with resulting losses of up to 50% for tropical fruits and others. Preventing PPO activity in postharvest fruits and vegetables has enormous economic and quality benefits, but current prevention methods are not ideal. Through an understanding of the structure and mechanism of action of PPO, and the chemistry of enzymatic browning, better prevention methods can be used, including decrease in PPO biosynthesis in vivo by the antisense RNA method. PPO can be used commercially in the biosynthesis of L-DOPA for pharmaceutical uses and for production of other polymeric products. PPO is stable in water-immiscible organic solvents, facilitating specific oxidation reactions with water-insoluble organic compounds. Melanins for use as sun blockers can be produced readily by PPO genetically engineered into Escherichia coli
Test order for inter-class integration testing of object-oriented software (2002)

One major problem in inter class integration testing of object oriented software is to determine the order in which classes are tested. This test order, referred to as inter class test order, is important since it affects the order in which classes are developed, the use of test stubs and drivers for classes, and the preparation of test cases. The paper first proposes a number of desirable properties for inter class test order and then presents a new inter class test order strategy. In this new strategy, classes are integrated according to their major and minor level numbers. Major level numbers of classes are determined according to inheritance and aggregation relations between classes, where an aggregation relation refers to a class' inclusion of objects of another class. For classes with the same major level number, their minor level numbers are determined according to association relations between these classes, where an association relation refers to a class' dependency (other than inheritance and aggregation relations) on another class.
An Early Middle Archaic Site along Cordova Creek in Comal County, Texas (2003)

The Royal Coachman site, 41CM111, is bisected by FM 306 near the highway’s eastern crossing of the Guadalupe River. Archeologists from the Texas Department of Transportation conducted extensive excavations at the site in 1980 and the Center for Archaeological Research carried out fieldwork related to geomorphic assessment of the deposits in 2002. The site contains at least three archeological components, an upper zone that may be of late Middle Archaic age and two commingled lower zones that are early Middle Archaic in age and contain a mix of Nolan/ Pandale and Bell-Andice/Early Triangular points. The deeper, more strongly manifested archeological components are associated with a dense burned rock sheet midden composed of two in situ features among a dense scatter of highly disturbed burned rock. Radiocarbon assays place this zone at between 5320–5880 years BP. The lithic assemblage is suggestive of tool manufacture and retooling activities and the projectile point collection is dominated by Early Triangular points and preforms. It is the recommendation of CAR that site 41CM111 warrants designation as a State Archeological Landmark and is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places because of its significant contribution to a better understanding of the regional archeological record. We believe that these investigations have resulted in an appropriate level of work to evaluate the archeological property within the highway ROW and no further work is currently recommended. We also recommend that TxDOT consider avoidance as an option during future construction activities to avert impact to remaining deposits. In addition, if new ROW is acquired, additional work is warranted to determine the extent and significance of currently unidentified material. This work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 2807.
Nonlinear active suspension control design applied to a half-car model (2004)

This paper develops a novel nonlinear backstepping design for the control of half-car active suspension systems to improve the inherent tradeoff between ride quality and suspension travel. Since ride quality depends on a combination of vertical displacement and angular displacement of the vehicle body, an active suspension controller must be able to minimize heave and pitch movements in order to guarantee ride comfort of passengers. To avoid damaging vehicle components and generating more passenger discomfort, the controller must be capable of preventing the suspension from hitting it travel limits. Our design, with two additional nonlinear filters, shows potentials to achieve these conflicting control objectives. The novelty is in the use of two nonlinear filters at both front and rear wheels. The effective bandwidths of these two nonlinear filters depend on the magnitudes of the front and rear suspension travels individually. As a result, the improvement of tradeoff between ride quality and suspension travel is guaranteed and then demonstrated through comparative simulations.
AN ALTERNATING PHASE FOCUSING CHANNEL FOR LOW ENERGY PROTON THERAPY (2000)

Some parameters of a radio-frequency channel for accelerating of He ions from energy 25 keV to 800 keV are reported. An appropriate accelerator may be used for ion-induced radiotherapy (INRT) of cancer tumors. Therapeutic protons with energy about 17 MeV are emitting due to d(He, p)He nuclear reaction, when accelerated He ions are bombarding a metal target saturated by deuterium (K.M. Horn, B.Doyle et al, NIM 106B(1995), 606). The target is situated at the end of an evacuated conduit needle that a beam is transported along. The main requirements to the channel are a low level of X-ray radiation, small dimensions and a low power consumption. The channel is an H-cavity with drift tubes that are forming -structure of the accelerating longitudinal electric field. The channel construction is simplier due to using of an alternating-phase focusing of an ion beam. The working frequency is 425 MHz, a maximum RF voltage between channel electrodes is less than 36 kV, a pulse ion current–300 divergence is about 10mrad, the channel length–61.5 cm.
Neonatal maternal separation of rat pups results in abnormal cholinergic regulation of epithelial permeability (2007)

Neonatal maternal separation (MS) predisposes adult rats to develop stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction/visceral hypersensitivity and rat pups to develop colonic epithelial dysfunction. Our aim was to examine if enhanced epithelial permeability in such pups resulted from abnormal regulation by enteric nerves. Pups were separated from the dam for 3 h/day (days 4-20); nonseparated (NS) pups served as controls. On day 20, colonic tissues were removed and mounted in Ussing chambers. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) flux was used to measure macromolecular permeability. HRP flux was increased in MS versus NS pups. The enhanced flux was inhibited by the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist atropine and the nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium. The cholinergic component was greater in tissues from MS versus NS pups, suggesting that increased cholinergic activity was responsible for the MS elevated permeability. Western blots and immunohistochemistry of colonic tissues demonstrated increased expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in MS pups, indicating greater synthesis of acetylcholine. Since a previous study indicated that corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) mediates barrier dysfunction in MS pups, we examined if the two pathways were linked. In MS tissues, nonselective CRF receptor antagonism inhibited the enhanced flux, and the addition of atropine did not produce further inhibition. Using selective receptor antagonists, we identified that CRF receptor 2 was involved in mediating this effect. These findings suggest that CRF, via CRF receptor 2, acts on cholinergic nerves to induce epithelial barrier dysfunction. Our study provides evidence that MS stimulates synthesis of acetylcholine, which, together with released CRF, creates a condition conducive to the development of epithelial barrier defects.
Design of Pulsed Alkali Vapor Lamps Utilizing Alumina, Yttria and Sapphire Envelopes (1972)

(1972). Design of Pulsed Alkali Vapor Lamps Utilizing Alumina, Yttria and Sapphire Envelopes. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 281-284.
Top-down models in biology: explanation and control of complex living systems above the molecular level (2016)

It is widely assumed in developmental biology and bioengineering that optimal understanding and control of complex living systems follows from models of molecular events. The success of reductionism has overshadowed attempts at top-down models and control policies in biological systems. However, other fields, including physics, engineering and neuroscience, have successfully used the explanations and models at higher levels of organization, including least-action principles in physics and control-theoretic models in computational neuroscience. Exploiting the dynamic regulation of pattern formation in embryogenesis and regeneration requires new approaches to understand how cells cooperate towards large-scale anatomical goal states. Here, we argue that top-down models of pattern homeostasis serve as proof of principle for extending the current paradigm beyond emergence and molecule-level rules. We define top-down control in a biological context, discuss the examples of how cognitive neuroscience and physics exploit these strategies, and illustrate areas in which they may offer significant advantages as complements to the mainstream paradigm. By targeting system controls at multiple levels of organization and demystifying goal-directed (cybernetic) processes, top-down strategies represent a roadmap for using the deep insights of other fields for transformative advances in regenerative medicine and systems bioengineering.
Minimally Invasive Epicardial Pacemaker Implantation in Neonates with Congenital Heart Block (2017)

Epicardial pacemaker implantation through a subxiphoid approach in neonates with CCAVB is technically feasible and associated with excellent surgical outcomes and pacing lead longevity.
Disturbances in enamel and dentin formation of rat incisor following injection with NaF, SrCl2 and EHDP (1980)

[in Japanese]
cAMP stimulation of acetylcholine receptor expression is mediated through posttranslational mechanisms. (1991)

When the four Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) subunit cDNAs are stably integrated into the genome of mouse fibroblast cells, alpha 2 beta gamma delta pentamers with proper pharmacological and electrophysiological properties are expressed on the cell surface. Expression of these AcChoRs can be regulated by agents that stimulate intracellular cAMP levels with the result that increased numbers of cell-surface AcChoRs are produced. Theophylline, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, cholera toxin, and forskolin stimulated AcChoR cell-surface expression 1.2-, 1.6-, 2.2-, and 2.3-fold, respectively. cAMP-stimulated expression is mediated through a posttranslational mechanism, and the observed increase in surface AcChoRs correlates with increased lifetimes of each newly synthesized subunit. Increased subunit lifetimes are not observed in cell lines expressing each subunit individually, indicating that subunit stabilization arises through heterologous subunit-subunit interactions.
Cognitive outcome after bacterial meningitis (2000)

Psychometric deficits are frequent after bacterial meningitis, and their relation with neurologic and psychopathologic symptoms is loose. The pattern of neuropsychologic impairment accentuates psychomotor slowing combined with memory disturbances, and resembles features observed in subcortical cognitive impairment.
Performance of digital DECT radio links based on semianalytical methods (1997)

We report a very efficient semianalytical approach for the performance evaluation of differential detection schemes for GMSK signals of the DECT standard. Precisely, for a given channel, the performance is determined by means of an analytical procedure which includes the saddlepoint approximation. We consider both static channels (with impulse response generated by the simulation program SIRCIM) and two-ray Rayleigh and log-normal fading channels. As a departure from previous works, our receiver includes an all-digital part after the analog differential detection scheme. The digital part includes: (1) a block for the estimation of both the optimum sampling phase and the nonlinear channel coefficients (by making use of the DECT training sequence), (2) a one-tap decision feedback (DF) equalizer, and (3) a block for the evaluation of the approximate optimum bias level (/spl gamma//sub e/) in the threshold detector. Both the DF equalizer coefficient and /spl gamma//sub e/ are based on the nonlinear channel coefficients estimate. For channels with a normalized delay spread up to 0.2, the use of the optimum threshold together with the DF equalizer permits a gain of about 2 dB at BER=10/sup -6/ with respect to a receiver without equalization and a zero-level decision threshold. In addition, we discover that, in indoor environments, the 2-bit GMSK detector performs roughly the same as the 1-bit detector. The threshold optimization is also effective in the presence of channels affected by fading. To support this statement, we report the performance of the 1-bit differential detection scheme combined with antenna selection diversity in the presence of a two-ray log-normal and Rayleigh fading channel.
Graphene-Based Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
EXPLORING CHALLENGES IN AUSTRALIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CURRICULA PAST AND PRESENT (2016)

<strong>Abstract</strong> Australian physical education (PE) is experiencing its second national curriculum reform attempt, with schools around the country at various stages of exploration and implementation of the Curriculum for Health and Physical Education (Australian Curriculum and Assessment Authority, 2014). This paper explores some of the challenges in physical education curriculum implementation past and present. The PE teacher is explained as the key architect of curricula at the school level and therefore the challenge of new curriculum implementation is not so much in the ‘rolling out’ of the artefact but in developing the subject expertise of PE teachers to be able to bring to life the curriculum expectation in the situated realities of the everyday pragmatics of the PE teacher. Principally, I argue the PE teacher must see their role as that of educational designer.
Leaching Loss from Oxytetracycline Medicated Feeds (1994)

Oxytetracycline (OTC) was added to pelleted (sinking) and extruding (floating) fish feeds by mixing prior to processing or by surface spraying after processing. The feeds were immersed in water with temperatures of 20°C or 30°C for 5 to 25 minutes. Loss of the antiobotic from all medicated feeds continued throughout the 20-minute immersion at both temperatures. Oxytetracycline leached at a higher rate at 30°C than at 20°C. More OTC leached from trout feed than from catfish feed and from sinking feed than from floating feed at 20°C and at 30°C. The rate of oxytetracycline loss from sprayed feeds was much higher than that from mixed feeds.
A commentary on Cicero, De officiis (1997)

Toward the end of the last century Cicero's work came under attack from several angles. His political stance was sharply criticized for inconsistency by Theodor Mommsen and others, his philosophical works for lack of originality. Since then scholars have come to a better understanding of the political conditions that informed the views of Mommsen and his contemporaries about Caesar and Cicero, and as a result Cicero's writings have been restored to a more appropriate position in the literature and history of the Roman Republic. At the same time recent years have seen an intensive study of Hellenistic philosophy, and this shown more clearly than before that, even while following Greek models, Cicero nonetheless pursued his own political and, in the ethical works, moralistic agenda.Composed in haste shortly before Cicero's death, de has exercised enormous influence over the centuries. It is all the more surprising that Andrew R. Dyck's volume is the first detailed English commentary on the work written in this century. It deals with the problems of the Latin text (taking account of Michael Winterbottom's new edition), it delineates the work's structure and sometimes elusive train of thought, clarifies the underlying Greek and Latin concepts, and provides starting points for approaching the philosophical and historical problems that de Officiis raises.A work of major importance for classicists, philosophers, and ancient historians, this Commentary will be an invaluable companion to all readers of Cicero's last philosophical work.Andrew R. Dyck is Professor of Classics, University of California, Los Angeles.Publication of this volume is supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Preparation of T-2 tetraol (1999)

目的旨在合成T-2四醇,为进一步研究T-2毒素的代谢机制奠定基础.方法运用水解、提取、纯化等化学手段将T-2转化为T-2四醇,使用气谱法检测T-2四醇.结果按Bamburg的方法合成T-2四醇,10mg T-2毒素生成0.8364mg T-2四醇.用气谱法检测表明,合成物与标准品一致.结论方法简便、易行,为进一步研究打下了基础.
Computing Generalized Method of Moments and Generalized Empirical Likelihood with<i>R</i> (2010)

This paper shows how to estimate models by the generalized method of moments and the generalized empirical likelihood using the <b>R</b> package <b>gmm</b>. A brief discussion is offered on the theoretical aspects of both methods and the functionality of the package is presented through several examples in economics and finance.
Segmentation of optical flow and 3D data for the interpretation of mobile objects (2002)

The detection of mobile 3-D objects using both stereovision and motion information is considered. First, the authors present an optical flow estimation method based on a multiresolution technique for the matching of contour chain points. Then an algorithm of segmentation of the chains using the continuity of the gradient of the apparent velocity is described. A similar algorithm is developed for stereo vision: the segmentation of the chains is performed in function of their 2-D proximity and the continuity of their disparity. These two segmentations are then used to interpret the scene in terms of isolated rigid or deformable objects. Results are shown for two complex real road scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimizing Business Processes Using Process Mining Techniques (2015)

Organizations use business process modelling software to develop their functioning systems. The business process management software has helped to integrate the various modules of an organization in order to complete task/tasks. More recently, the work for providing an optimum solution is underway. Process mining techniques can be used to monitor the software development process. Business processes leave their footprints in event logs and recent research in process mining make it possible to discover and optimize business processes based on the analysis of such logs. These logs can be used for knowledge mining and hence can be used to provide an optimal solution regarding the generation of the process.