gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic studies on (2R,4'R,8'R)-.alpha.-tocopherol. Facile syntheses of optically active, saturated, acyclic isoprenoids via stereospecific [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangements (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on (2R,4'R,8'R)-.alpha.-tocopherol. Facile syntheses of optically active, saturated, acyclic isoprenoids via stereospecific [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangementsKa-Kong Chan, Noal Cohen, James P. De Noble, Anthony C. Specian Jr., and Gabriel SaucyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 22, 3497–3505Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00884a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00884a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1045Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral Distribution of Light Scattered by Monodisperse Rigid Rods (1968)

The spectral distribution of light scattered from an infinitely dilute solution of monodisperse, optically isotropic, rigid rods is investigated. The contributions to the total scattered intensity of terms dependent on the rotational diffusion coefficient are calculated as a function of the product of lengths of the rod and the scattering vector. It is found that rotational diffusion contributions become important in scattering from long rods at large scattering angles.
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Human Herpesvirus 6 Active Infection (2004)

The results show that a subset of patients with RRMS experience HHV-6 active infection, and there likely is an association between the viral active replication and relapses; therefore, HHV-6 active infection may imply a greater risk of exacerbations in a subgroup of patients with RRMS.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Ruthenium-bipyridyl Complex and Methylviologen in Suspensions of Smectite Clays (2012)

We examined photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in multicomponent aqueous suspensions composed of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+, photocatalyst), methylviologen (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dication, MV2+, electron acceptor), and ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA, sacrificial electron donor) together with particles of smectite-type clays although previous studies indicated inhibition of the electron transfer from Ru(bpy)32+ to MV2+ in the presence of clay particles. Clays with different lateral particle sizes were compared: hectorite (Hect) and saponite (Sapo) with small particle sizes (∼30 nm) and fluorohectorite (FH) and montmorillonite (Mont) with large particle sizes (>0.1 μm). Clay particles were flocculated and were settled in many cases after the addition of Ru(bpy)32+, MV2+, and EDTA species, and the Ru(bpy)32+ and MV2+ cations were almost all adsorbed on the clay particles. When Hect and Sapo were used, reduction of MV2+ was observed on the aggregated clay particles upon visible light irradiation indicating the occurrence of PET from Ru(bpy)32+ to MV2+. However, the reaction was not observed for the samples where the clay particles were not settled. When FH and Mont were used, PET was not observed irrespective of the flocculation of clay particles. These results demonstrated that PET from Ru(bpy)32+ to MV2+ in the presence of clay particles is possible when the clay particles with small sizes are appropriately aggregated to allow interparticle electron hopping.
Experimental Research on Gas Hazard Incident Caused by Roof Collapse (2007)

By using the rotating friction test machine,the similar simulation of rock mass friction and crash were carried out.The phenomenon of generating spark by rock mass friction and crash is observed and summarized.At the same time,when rock mass is frictionized or crashed by the infrared thermal imaging system of TVS-8000MKⅡ,the instant infrared radiant temperature of rock mass is collected in real-time,showing a positive correlation between the surface temperature rise and falling height quantity of the rocks.Based on experiment results,the relation between temperature rise and collapse quantity of rocks is analyzed,obtaining the attenuation variation rule between radiant temperature and time.On the basis of this,the mathematical model of surface temperature rise and attenuation time effect is established.Therefore,the surface temperature rise and sparks caused by mutual function of rock mass friction or crash in the process of roof caving may lead to gas combustion and explosion in goaf.
Australian productivity trends and the effect of structural change (2017)

For a small open economy like Australia, which specialises in commodity exports, fluctuations in the terms of trade and productivity growth are the primary drivers of per capita income growth. Because the global mining sector responds to higher commodity prices by expanding capacity, the terms of trade are unlikely to provide sustained boosts to Australia's living standards. As such, labour productivity is likely to be the main driver of future growth in living standards. This paper analyses trends in Australia's productivity performance and disaggregates productivity growth into industry contributions to evaluate how structural change is affecting productivity growth.
<i>AUTOMR</i>: an automatic processing program system for the molecular replacement method (1991)

An automatic processing program system of the molecular replacement method AUTOMR is presented. The program solves the initial model of the target crystal structure using a homologous molecule as the search model. It processes the structure-factor calculation of the model molecule, the rotation function, the translation function and the rigid-group refinement successively in one computer job. Test calculations were performed for six protein crystals and the structures were solved in all of these cases.
Control Method for Mono Inverter Dual Parallel Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive System (2015)

This paper presents the control method for mono inverter dual parallel (MIDP) surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drive system. Unlike the MIDP induction machine drive system, MIDP SPMSM drive system suffers from the inherent instability due to the lack of slip. The proposed active damping control method refrains the system oscillation coming from the mechanical and electrical unbalances and enables the stable operation. This paper also presents the simple maximum torque per ampere control method for MIDP SPMSM drive system. Mathematically calculated optimal currents reduce the amplitude of the currents and improve the drive efficiency. To maximize the merits of the MIDP motor drive system, a sensorless algorithm is also applied. Experiments with the 600-W SPMSMs are executed to verify the feasibility of the proposed control method.
Isolation of a set of hybrid lac repressors made in vitro between normal lac repressor and its homogeneous tryptic core. (1976)

Lactose repressor can be renatured from 8 M guanidine-HCl solution. The renatured repressor is tetrameric and shows DNA binding activity. Thus it becomes possible to obtain hybrid tetramers in vitro between normal repressor and repressor defective in DNA binding by simultaneous denaturation and renaturation. In order to facilitate the separation of the different hybrids, we have used a lac repressor derivative that does not bind DNA, which is missing the amino-terminal 59 residues of the polypeptide chain (homogeneous tryptic core). The hybrids resulting from the mixed renaturation of homogeneous tryptic core and normal repressor can be separated by electrophoresis on Cellogel. The hybrids have been recovered, and a preliminary characterization of their DNA-binding properties is reported.
A Fault-Tolerant Associative Approach to On-Line Memory Repair (1994)

A fault-tolerant associative approach is proposed to be used in on-line repair for highly available memories. The memory repair mechanism is designed similar to a cache memory in its spare to main memory mapping schemes. Four spare memory mapping schemes are presented: fully associative, associative direct, associative set and associative multiple. If cache memory repair is needed, the proposed schemes can also be applied. The repair mechanism consists of a TMR content addressable memory (CAM) and an SEC/DED spare data memory. Although it is sufficient to encode the CAM with SEC code, we find that TMR version is faster in accessing time and more cost-effective. To repair a 1M×32 main memory with eight spare words, the proposed schemes use less than 0.015% of hardware redundancy
The PCP's role in chronic open-angle glaucoma. (2009)

Chronic open-angle glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in older adults. Optic nerve damage and the associated peripheral and subsequent central vision loss are irreversible, but early diagnosis and treatment will give patients the best chance to maintain functional vision and quality of life. Primary care physicians can assist with the diagnosis of glaucoma by making appropriate referrals for routine ophthalmic examinations, especially in patients with risk factors for glaucoma. Medication adherence and persistence may also be enhanced by discussing strategies to improve medication use and efficacy in the primary care setting. Recognition of adverse reactions from glaucoma medications and surgeries will allow proper management of these potentially serious conditions. Patients with advanced visual deficits can still benefit from treatment as well as low-vision and supportive care and should be referred for an ophthalmic evaluation. With an understanding of comprehensive glaucoma management, primary care physicians play an invaluable role in assisting their patients with effective and timely therapy that will result in improved outcomes.
E2F2 expression induces proliferation of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes in vivo (2008)

We conclude that a limited induction of cardiomyocyte cell proliferation can be achieved by E2F2-mediated stimulation of cyclin A and E expression without a reduction of CKIs.
Modeling and Analysis of Noise Effects on Broadband Power-Line Communications (2005)

Power line noise is known to affect the performance of broadband power-line communications significantly. This paper presents a frequency-domain approach to characterize and model the statistical variation of power-line noise. The model considers both the background noise and the impulsive noise. The background noise model is based on statistical analysis of the results from two long-term measurements of noise spectrum conducted at two separate sites of a laboratory and a residential apartment. On the other hand, the impulsive noise model is obtained by direct measurements from the noise sources (i.e., various electrical household appliances). The amount of impulse noise reaching a power-line communications (PLC) receiver can then be determined with consideration of the channel transfer characteristics between the noise sources and the PLC receiver. Using these noise models, the performance of two major classes of digital modulation schemes, namely single-carrier modulation and multicarrier modulation, are analyzed and compared. It is found that the multicarrier scheme performs better than the single-carrier scheme when subjected to the observed power-line noise with non-Gaussian statistics.
I Am Not a Baseball Historian (2001)

When I started studying the history of sport in 1970 there were less than a handful of other historians other than physical educators in the field. Sport was widely considered a flippant subject (but not at the University of Chicago). My dissertation and my first book examined the myths and realities of professional baseball during the Progressive Era to evaluate how the sport influenced, and at the same time reflected American society. The liberalization of college curricula, the popularity of social history and the accompanying interest of publishers opened up the field in the 1980s. Sport historians could get major grants, write for major journals and publishers, and win awards. I went on to write other monographs and edit books, successfully carving out a career studying the subject of my interest, primarily the interplay of sport and urbanization.
Environmental Authority: Transformations and Relocations in Global Modernity Autoridade ambiental: transformações e relocações na modernidade global (2008)

As a public good, the environment has traditionally been handled by public authorities. However, with globalization conventional state environmental authority is transformed, relocated and deterritorialized. New non-state environmental authorities emerge. This paper conceptualizes the shifts in and relocation of environmental authority structures and illustrates this with examples from the fields of certification and labeling and environmental partnerships. While relocation does take place, new environmental authority structures are often mixes of state and non-state authorities. The paper finally assesses these developments, reflecting on the conventional criticism of the poor environmental and democratic potentials of such new non-state environmental authorities
Computing with oscillations by phase encoding and decoding (2005)

Even though brain oscillations are found in many brain regions, the role of oscillations in neural computation remains an open question. Experimental work in the hippocampus has provided examples where the phase of firing of neurons with respect to ongoing network oscillations codes for information. This scheme has been termed phase coding. A network receiving the phase encoded firing patterns must receive the oscillatory signal as well in order to utilize the phase code. Thus, the oscillatory coupling between brain networks often observed experimentally might reflect exchange of phase coded information. In this work, phase encoding and decoding that allow for a set of simple computations are demonstrated. These computations include simple list manipulations such as forward and backward sequence read-out as well as controlling the information flow between several networks. The mechanisms can be implemented in simple network models of integrate-and-fire neurons. The principle of phase coding provides an alternative to theories and models on neuronal computations based on rate coding.
Modeling and control of holonic manufacturing systems based on extended contract net protocol (2002)

This paper focuses on conflict resolution and control in the context of holonic manufacturing systems based on cooperative agents. Holonic manufacturing systems requires a robust mechanism to dynamically allocate the available resources to achieve the production goal. Conflicts among agents usually occur when multi-agent framework is applied to control manufacturing systems. Conflicts take place if more than two agents requesting the same resources to carry out their actions. An effective conflict resolution mechanism to dynamically and robustly allocate available resources to achieve the goal of production is the key to optimization of performance and resource utilization. In this paper, a framework is proposed to adaptively synthesize Petri Nets to control holonic manufacturing systems based on the contract net protocol to resolve conflicts and Petri Nets to model the system and test feasibility of commitment.
Thin-film circuit technology part III — Active thin-film devices (1964)

The insulated-gate thin-film transistor is the active device under the most intensive investigation today. Solutions to its problems should simplify the future development of other types of active thin-film devices The first article in this series <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> discussed thin-film circuits and the considerable success that has been achieved in the fabrication of inactive circuit elements by evaporative techniques. However, the thin-film technology will not be complete until active devices can be made compatibly with the inactive ones. At present the active elements — usually transistors — are soldered on the circuit boards. The usefulness of evaporated circuitry would be immeasurably increased if the active devices themselves were also evaporated.
A dynamic WIP control strategy for bottlenecks in a wafer fabrication system (2009)

The performance of a wafer fabrication system is constrained by its bottlenecks, which are difficult to detect and improve due to the complexity within the system. To weaken the negative effects of bottlenecks, a work in process (WIP) strategy is proposed in this paper which focuses on offline target WIP level setting and online WIP control simultaneously. First, bottlenecks are detected and classified based on the constraint weights which are decided by the sensitivity of the system performance to the machine's fluctuant availability. Second, the target WIP level is allocated to the bottlenecks to avoid the process fluctuation caused by unpredictable events. Third, in real time scheduling, the upstream machine of the bottlenecks modifies its dispatching order to adjust the deviation of the WIP levels at the bottlenecks. Finally, a simulation platform is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pea protein-based capsules for probiotic and prebiotic delivery (2011)

Capsule design for entrapping Bifidobacterium adolescentis and fructoligosacchardes within a pea protein isolate–alginate matrix was investigated as a function of total biopolymer concentration (2.5–6.5%), fructoligosacchardes levels (0–3.0%) and needle gauge (G; 20 vs. 27) by extrusion. Capsules were accessed based on the levels of entrapped fructoligosacchardes and protein, size, swelling and probiotic survival within simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and release properties within simulated intestinal fluids (SIF). All designs offered sufficient protection to B. adolescentis during challenge experiments and showed evidence of burst and prolonged release within SIF. Capsule size was found to depend on needle gauge, with diameter of 2.17 and 1.75 mm for those produced by the 20 and 27 G needles, respectively. All designs were found to shrink once immersed in SGJ. Encapsulation of probiotics using plant-based materials could play a role in food applications and as a feed/pet food supplement.
Reconstruction of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media by photoacoustic tomography coupled with diffusion equation based regularized Newton method (2007)

We describe a novel reconstruction method that allows for quantitative recovery of optical absorption coefficient maps of heterogeneous media using tomographic photoacoustic measurements. Images of optical absorption coefficient are obtained from a diffusion equation based regularized Newton method where the absorbed energy density distribution from conventional photoacoustic tomography serves as the measured field data. We experimentally demonstrate this new method using tissue-mimicking phantom measurements and simulations. The reconstruction results show that the optical absorption coefficient images obtained are quantitative in terms of the shape, size, location and optical property values of the heterogeneities examined.
Why do PAM projects fail? (2019)

Every computer operating system and business application needs certain user accounts to function. There's no getting away from that. Accounts with higher levels of permissions (often, but not limited to, administrator accounts) are often referred to as privileged accounts. And these privileged accounts have almost unlimited access across computer systems. As a result, anyone with access to these computer accounts also has access to highly sensitive company information and once these credentials are targeted, they can easily lead to a breach of a company's most valuable assets, from databases to social media and unstructured data.
2 (2021)

Employment was the grand need of the active boys, and to clear a passage as low as they could reach, and then step down on the bushes to work below, was a pleasant amusement. Wild and wonderful was now their daily journey, for before them lay immense untrodden forests, inclosed between lofty cliffs, which rose to the clouds, and the travellers felt inspired with awe as they looked round on the majesty of Nature. There was the sweet-voiced bell-bird, a pretty little creature, whose notes ring with a silver sound; there was the pert pied bird, which might seem really a magpie, if it were not tailless, which has a low flute-like song, swelling like the organ; whence it is named by the colonists the organ-magpie; and as each strain of these warblers died away, the loud, hoarse, derisive notes of a curious bird, resembling none of the known species of the world, seemed to ridicule the musical performers.
Anti‐PD‐1 therapy redirects macrophages from an M2 to an M1 phenotype inducing regression of OS lung metastases (2018)

Osteosarcoma (OS) pulmonary metastasis translates into poor patient survival. The implication of PD-1-PD-L1 pathway in the context of NK cells and/or macrophages in OS is unknown. We investigated the effect of anti-PD-1 in OS lung metastasis and the role of NK cells and/or macrophages in anti-PD-1 responses. A human LM7 OS mouse model was used. Immunohistochemistry for tissues (PD-L1, caspase-3, Ki-67, NK cells, macrophages), and Western blotting for OS lung tumors (p-Stat3, p-Erk1/2) was performed. NK and macrophages were assessed using flow cytometry. NK cell and macrophage depletion were conducted using anti-asialo GM1 and clodrosome, respectively. PD-L1 expression was observed in human OS cells and OS patient lung metastases. Anti-PD1 antibody led to a significant decrease in the number of OS lung metastases, enhanced tumor apoptosis, decreased tumor cell proliferation, and p-STAT-3/p-Erk1/2 signaling blockade in OS lung tumors. NK cells and macrophages in OS lung tumors expressed PD-1 and anti-PD1 increased NK cell and macrophage tumor infiltration. Increased numbers of antitumor M1 macrophages and decreased pro-inflammatory M2 macrophages were seen. NK depletion did not affect therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1, suggesting that NK cells were not directly involved. However, macrophage depletion significantly compromised anti-PD1 efficacy, confirming their role in efficacy of anti-PD-1 against OS lung metastasis. Our findings suggest that OS lung metastases regression by anti-PD1 can be attributed to activated tumor M1 macrophages and reduced M2 macrophages. Owing to the co-relation of M1 macrophages with OS patient outcome, we provide a novel mechanism of PD-1 blockade and a basis for future clinical trials for anti-PD-1 antibodies in OS.