gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Sensing Coordination Framework for CR-VANETs (2009)

This paper introduces a novel framework of coordinated spectrum sensing in cognitive-radio-enhanced vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs). The proposed sensing coordination framework intends to initiate a graceful compromise between stand-alone and cooperative sensing by taking the best of the two while mitigating their respective disadvantages. With a sensing coordination node temporarily defined, the fine sensing activities of all the surrounding secondary users are coordinated and scheduled such that better sensing precision and efficiency can be achieved. We will demonstrate the feasibility and appropriateness of the proposed CR sensing framework in CR-VANETs and verify its performance through extensive simulations in terms of the success rate of spectrum sensing, sensing overhead, probability of sensing conflict, and temporal usage rate.
Reinforcement Contingencies in Language Acquisition (2016)

Childhood language delays and language impairments negatively impact educational outcomes and quality of life. In spite of previously prevailing views to the contrary, evidence suggests that children’s language acquisition is affected by contingent responses of caregivers and conversation partners, as well as by the other consequences of speaking. In other words, reinforcement contingencies play a role in language acquisition. Decades of ongoing research have documented how to arrange reinforcement contingencies to support acquisition of language and communication skills in children with varying degrees of language impairment. The existing expertise in this area should be leveraged in the design of service delivery models that provide opportunities for effective reinforcement contingencies to operate throughout the day and support acquisition of skills that have failed to develop through naturally occurring interactions.
Synthesis of alumina, titania, and alumina-titania hydrophobic membranes via sol?gel polymeric route (2013)

Nanometer TiO2-Al2O3 composite membranes were synthesized through the sol?gel polymeric reaction of TiCl4 and AlCl3 in the presence of acrylic-acrylamide copolymer as a template. The dried samples were characterized by DTA, TGA, FTIR, XRD, and TEM to determine the thermal behavior, chemical composition, crystal structure, shape, and size of the particles. Octyltrichlorosilane was chosen as a silane coupling agent to increase the hydrophobic nature of the prepared membranes. The morphological structure, hydrophobic nature, water permeability, and desalination efficiency of the prepared membranes were studied by SEM, contact angle, permeability, and NaCl rejection coefficient (R%) measurements. The crystal structure of titania and alumina particles in the composite was affected by the AlCl3 and TiCl4 feed ratio. As the titania concentration increased, the average particle size of the composite particles became larger and the uniformity of the membrane layer decreased. The alumina (75%)-titania (25%) composite (AT25) showed a uniform crack-free membrane layer with a pore diameter of 12.9?nm and a porosity of 21.46%, with great hydrophobic nature, and with contact angle reaching 116?. This membrane can withstand calcination temperature up to 700?C, as the alumina and titania were present in their active forms: gamma-alumina and anatase, respectively. The membrane produced from this composite showed a high surface area of 333?m2/g with a respective particle size of 4.6?nm. Moreover, it showed a high ability to reject NaCl from water with a rejection coefficient of 73% and a high permeation flux of 4.8?l/h?m2 at 75?C.
A Wideband VHF/UHF Discone-Based Antenna (2011)

Few low-profile VHF/UHF antennas have been reported so far although they are demanded in many applications such as aircraft communication systems. In this letter, a low-profile wideband VHF/UHF antenna based on the conventional discone antenna is proposed. It is composed of a discone antenna that is flattened with additions of a cavity-backed discone, a short-circuited configuration, and a two-plate top structure. The simulation results show that the addition of the three structures makes the proposed antenna low-profile and wideband. A prototype with optimized geometrical parameters was fabricated and tested. The measurements show that the prototype has a VSWR bandwidth of 76% from 200 to 447 MHz, a height of only 0.087λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , and a radiation pattern of omnidirectivity. The designed antenna has great potential for its flush-mount capability.
Cryogenic vacuum techniques (1981)

A review on cryopumping is given under the following aspects: molecular flow in non-isothermal vacuum chambers; mechanisms of cryopumping such as condensation, cryosorption at solid gas condensates, cryosorption at porous solids (molecular sieves, activated charcoal), cryotrapping and cryogettering at metal films; calculation of cryopump systems; examples of various types of cryopumps such as liquid-pool cryopumps, continuous-flow cryopumps and refrigerator-cooled cryopumps; various applications.
The Cloud-base Topography and Formation Condition of Cumulus Humilis Clouds (1972)

The cloud-base topography of cumulus humilis clouds over the mountainous terrain and the nearby plain area was measured by the stereo-photogrammetric method in the summer seasons of 1969 to 1971 near Sapporo.As a result of analysis, it was noted that the height of the base of cumulus humilis clouds over the mountainous terrain was considerably higher than that over the lower plain.The res:1lt showed also that the height of cloud base coincided with that of lifting condensation level which was calculated from Henning's formula.The difference in the height of cloud bases over the mountainous terrain and over the lower plain area was quantitatively explained, utilizing the difference in the potential temperature and dew point at these two places.It was finally concluded that the excess height of cumulus humilis cloud base on the mountainous terrain over that on the lower plain area was mainly caused by the dryness of an air layer around 300 m altitude above sea level.The formation condition of cumulus humilis clouds was studied, comparing with those of stratiform clouds and cloudless sky.
Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Chronic Urticaria (2013)

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common allergic skin disease that requires long-term pharmacological treatment. Some patients with severe CU suffer a poor quality of life. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of CU are not clearly understood, several groups have suggested that genetic mechanisms are involved in various CU cohorts. To further understand the molecular genetic mechanisms of CU, we summarize recent genetic data in this review. Although a few HLA alleles were suggested to be candidate markers in different ethnic groups, further replication studies that apply the recent classification are needed. Genetic polymorphisms in histamine-related genes, including FcεRI and HNMT, were suggested to be involved in mast cell activation and histamine metabolism. Several genetic polymorphisms of leukotriene-related genes, such as ALOX5, LTC4S, and the PGE2 receptor gene PTGER4, were suggested to be involved in leukotriene overproduction, a pathogenic mechanism. Further investigations using candidate gene approaches and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) will provide new insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms of CU, which will provide new marker genes for differentiation of CU phenotypes and identification of potential therapeutic targets.
The EDISFAR Programs. Rational Drug Series Design (1991)

Abstract The computer package EDISFAR is described. The programs can manage physico‐chemical information from a database (MONOBASE) of the fragment parameters classically used in drug design, providing assistance in the use of the techniques related with the Hansch‐Fujita analysis. The user can make design of exploring series of bioactive compounds, using a great variety of techniques, and once a QSAR model has been obtained, can calculate optimum derivatives using the parameters of the MONOBASE. The program has been designed emphasizing its flexibility, accessibility by the practical chemist, and compatibility with other statistics programs or computers.
Synthesis of ZSM‐5 Films and Monoliths with Bimodal Micro/Mesoscopic Structures (2004)

Abstract A route to synthesize ZSM‐5 crystals with a bimodal micro/mesoscopic pore system has been developed in this study; the successful incorporation of the mesopores within the ZSM‐5 structure was performed using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH)‐impregnated mesoporous materials containing carbon nanotubes in the pores, which were encapsulated in the ZSM‐5 crystals during a solid rearrangement process within the framework. Such mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolites can be readily obtained as powders, thin films, or monoliths.
A novel architecture design for multicode CDMA rake receiver (2003)

We propose a new architecture design for the Multicode CDMA (MC-CDMA) rake receiver. It contains one searcher module, three independent fat finger modules, and one combiner for the demodulation of high-rate data. We compare the hardware complexity of the proposed architecture with a conventional CDMA rake receiver in terms of the number of Walsh code channels. The result shows that our proposed architecture has a 12% and 18.6% reduction in gate count when the number of Walsh code channels is 4 and 7, respectively.
Ultra-Short-Acting Thiobarbituric Acids (1953)

Four N-methyl thiobarbituric acids have been studied and compared with sodium 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) thiobarbitu-rate and thiopental in rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs. They are all potent anesthetics by intravenous injection. The N-methylated derivatives, in an observed AD60 duration of anesthetic and hypnotic action than the 2 non-methylated compounds. When one-half of AD50 is intravenously injected at hourly intervals, all 4 N-methyl-substituted barbiturates show less cumulative action than sodium 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) thiobarbiturate and still less than thiopental. In anesthetized cats, 2 of the N-methyl barbiturates produce less hiccup, sneezing, and coughing than sodium 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl) thiobarbiturate and thiopental, while the 2 others are free from such effects. Like all barbiturates, the 4 N-methylated compounds, when injected intravenously in anesthetized dogs, lower the blood pressure and depress respiration. They do not inhibit the vagal response in these preparations. They induce slight hypothermia and tachycardia in dogs following an AD50 of each product.
The role of education in facilitating risk-taking and innovation in agriculture (2003)

The impact of education on farmers' attitudes toward endogenous risk (measured using an attitude survey instrument) is estimated with household data from rural Ethiopia. Education of the household head is found to decrease risk-aversion. Next, the effects of education and risk attitudes on technology adoption are estimated. Schooling encourages farmers to adopt innovations, whereas risk-aversion reduces the probability of adoption. Thus, we find that schooling encourages innovation, a potentially risky undertaking, not only directly but also indirectly, through its effect upon attitudes toward risk. To the extent that educated farmers are early innovators and are copied by those with less schooling (as other research on the same data has shown), the reduction of riskaversion not only has private benefits for those with education but also may have externality benefits.
Lower trypanosomatids in HIV/AIDS patients (2003)

Although the family Trypanosomatidae includes parasites of plants, insects and vertebrates, only two genera in the family, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, are usually found in humans. Since 1995, however, other monoxenous trypanosomatids have been isolated from several HIV-positive individuals, in whom the parasites cause either visceral or cutaneous lesions. These odd cases are reviewed here. It appears that immunocompromised patients may be vulnerable to infection with trypanosomatids (and other parasites) that either fail to survive or never cause detectable morbidity in the immunocompetent.
Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from traumatized human muscle (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult tissues are an important candidate cell type for cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Currently, clinical applications for MSCs require additional surgical procedures to harvest the autologous MSCs (i.e. from bone marrow) or commercial allogeneic alternatives. We have recently identified a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in traumatized muscle tissue that has been surgically debrided from traumatic orthopaedic extremity wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MPCs derived from traumatized muscle may provide a clinical alternative to bone-marrow MSCs, by comparing their morphology, proliferation capacity, cell surface epitope profile and differentiation capacity. After digesting the muscle tissue with collagenase, the MPCs were enriched by a direct plating technique. The morphology and proliferation rate of the muscle-derived MPCs was similar to bone-marrow derived MSCs. Both populations expressed cell surface markers characteristic for MSCs (CD 73, CD 90 and CD105), and did not express markers typically absent on MSCs (CD14, CD34 and CD45). After 21 days in specific differentiation media, the histological staining and gene expression of the MPCs and MSCs was characteristic for differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, but not into myoblasts. Our findings demonstrate that traumatized muscle-derived MPCs exhibit a similar phenotype and resemble MSCs derived from the bone marrow. MPCs harvested from traumatized muscle tissue may be considered for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine following orthopaedic trauma requiring circumferential debridement.
Simulating Sensitivities of Conditional Value at Risk (2008)

Conditional value at risk (CVaR) is both a coherent risk measure and a natural risk statistic. It is often used to measure the risk associated with large losses. In this paper, we study how to estimate the sensitivities of CVaR using Monte Carlo simulation. We first prove that the CVaR sensitivity can be written as a conditional expectation for general loss distributions. We then propose an estimator of the CVaR sensitivity and analyze its asymptotic properties. The numerical results show that the estimator works well. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to use the estimator to solve optimization problems with CVaR objective and/or constraints, and compare it to a popular linear programming-based algorithm.
ADOPTION OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN GOVERNMENTAL CONTEXT: A POSITIVISTIC CASE STUDY IN CHINA (2010)

As the rapid development of open source software (OSS) has deeply impacted global software industry, government agencies in different countries all over the world have started to realize the huge potentials of OSS application. Based on the TOE framework for organizational level IT/IS adoption, this paper proposes a conceptual model for examining the adoption of open source software in the governmental organizational context. A positivistic case study is conducted in the government agencies of Beijing, China, so as to validate and develop the proposed model, as well as to investigate the adoption status and related influence mechanisms. Findings from the analysis demonstrate the explanatory validity of the model, and provide potentially helpful insights for
Aminated Polyacrylonitrile Fibers for Humic Acid Adsorption:  Behaviors and Mechanisms (2003)

Aminated polyacrylonitrile fibers (APANFs) were prepared by surface modification of polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANFs) with diethylenetriamine in a solution, and the APANFs were studied as an adsorbent for humic acid removal in a series of batch adsorption experiments. The surface modification reaction introduced the amine groups on the surface of the fibers, and the APANFs had a zero point of zeta potentials at pH 8.1, in contrast with pH 3.5 for the PANFs. Adsorption experiments indicated that the APANFs were very effective in removing humic acid from aqueous solutions in the pH range of 2-10, whereas the PANFs did not adsorb humic acid at all under the same conditions. It was found that both electrostatic interaction and surface complexation mechanisms played important roles in humic acid adsorption on the APANFs, although the relative importance of each of the adsorption mechanisms varied with solution pH values. With the advantages of large specific surface areas and enhanced reactive surface properties, the APANFs have great potentials in water treatment for the removal of humic substances and other polarized or electrically charged species.
Effects of Neutrophils on Cefazolin Activity and Penicillin-Binding Proteins in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Abscesses (2002)

Bacteria survive within abscesses despite antimicrobial therapy, usually necessitating drainage. Our previous work showed that bacterial killing is diminished within the neutrophils of animals with abscesses. To further assess the role of neutrophils in Staphylococcus aureus survival and the poor activities of beta-lactams in abscesses, tissue cage abscess-bearing rats were given polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-depleting antibody prior to and several times following inoculation of the tissue cages with S. aureus. Cefazolin (300 mg/kg of body weight/day) was administered to all animals in appropriately divided doses. After 7 days of antimicrobial therapy, the 17 animals that received anti-PMN serum had significantly fewer abscess neutrophils than the 18 controls and fewer abscess bacteria (5.55 versus 3.79 log(10) CFU/ml [P = 0.04]) than the 18 controls. The data were consistent with the premise that cefazolin is more effective in abscesses depleted of neutrophils. To investigate further, S. aureus was incubated with rat peritoneal neutrophils; and bacterial cell membrane proteins were isolated, labeled with biotinylated ampicillin, separated by electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose, and stained for biotin reactivity. PBP 2 expression was consistently and significantly decreased after a brief, nonkilling PMN exposure. These experiments showed that PMN depletion enhanced the activity of cefazolin in the abscess milieu. Furthermore, altered bacterial cell wall cefazolin targets may be the mechanism by which the PMN diminishes antimicrobial activity, suggesting the importance of the staphylococcus-PMN interaction in the outcome of established infections.
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pilot project (2024)

LB-247 The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project (TCGA), sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), is a 3-year program designed to test the feasibility of a long-term, comprehensive cancer genomics program that will produce an ‘atlas’ of genomic and epigenomic somatic alterations that occur in cancers. Specifically, TCGA will determine if it is feasible to efficiently identify comprehensive genomic changes in three cancers: glioblastoma multiforme, squamous carcinoma of the lung and serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. There are four components of TCGA that work in an integrated fashion: a Biospecimen Core Resource (BCR), Cancer Genome Characterization Centers (CGCCs), Genome Sequencing Centers (GSCs) and a Data Coordinating Center (DCC). The BCR will utilize standard operating procedures for the collection, storage and processing of tumors and will extract DNA and RNA from the samples. The BCR will distribute the biomolecules to the CGCCs and the GSCs for genomic and epigenomic analyses. The CGCCs will use a variety of advanced technology platforms to analyze chromosomal copy number alterations, loss of heterozygosity, expression profiles, and epigenomic changes in tumors from 500 patients for each cancer type. The GSCs will use high-throughput sequencing to generate millions of reads per year. The targets to sequence will be specific for each cancer and will be selected based upon the data generated by the CGCCs, as well published literature. The targets include candidate genes (the transcribed unit, the promoter regions and splicing signals), as well as genomic regions identified by the CGCCs to be altered. This unprecedented amount of comprehensive cancer genomic information will be placed into public databases, including one developed specifically for TCGA, the DCC. Certain types of data will be available only through controlled access to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants. The data analysis will require development of improved tools and algorithms to ensure the most efficient integration of the experimental generated and the clinical data available. The long-term goals of TCGA are the identification of new cancer-associated genes which would be used to develop new therapies, new genomic markers for patient stratification, treatment targeting, improved patient risk assessment and to innovate medical and research technologies. More information about TCGA, including the list of participant laboratories, can be found at http://cancergenome.nih.gov.
A Dilemma Posed by Innovation (1977)

A Dilemma Posed by Innovation Get access Beatrice Phillips Beatrice Phillips Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health & Social Work, Volume 2, Issue 2, May 1977, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/2.2.3 Published: 01 May 1977
Mechanisms mediating the diuretic and natriuretic actions of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (2011)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut incretin hormone considered a promising therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes because it stimulates beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Cumulative evidence supports a role for GLP-1 in modulating renal function; however, the mechanisms by which GLP-1 induces diuresis and natriuresis have not been completely established. This study aimed to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the renal effects of GLP-1. GLP-1 (1 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) was intravenously administered in rats for the period of 60 min. GLP-1-infused rats displayed increased urine flow, fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate compared with those rats that received vehicle (1% BSA/saline). GLP-1-induced diuresis and natriuresis were also accompanied by increases in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Real-time RT-PCR in microdissected rat nephron segments revealed that GLP-1 receptor-mRNA expression was restricted to glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule. In rat renal proximal tubule, GLP-1 significantly reduced Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3)-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. Reduced proximal tubular bicarbonate flux rate was associated with a significant increase of NHE3 phosphorylation at the PKA consensus sites in microvillus membrane vesicles. Taken together, these data suggest that GLP-1 has diuretic and natriuretic effects that are mediated by changes in renal hemodynamics and by downregulation of NHE3 activity in the renal proximal tubule. Moreover, our findings support the view that GLP-1-based agents may have a potential therapeutic use not only as antidiabetic drugs but also in hypertension and other disorders of sodium retention.