gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin-Based Algorithm for the Traffic Assignment Problem (2002)

We present an origin-based algorithm for the traffic assignment problem, which is similar conceptually to the algorithm proposed by Gallager and Bertsekas for routing in telecommunication networks. Apart from being origin-based, the algorithm is different from other algorithms used so far for the traffic assignment problem by its restriction to acyclic solutions and by the use of approach proportions as solution variables. Projected quasi-Newton search directions are used to shift flows effectively and to eliminate residual flows. Experimental results comparing the proposed algorithm with the state-of-the-practice algorithm of Frankand Wolfe demonstrate the algorithm's excellent convergence performance, especially when highly accurate solutions are needed. Reasonable memory requirements make this algorithm applicable to large-scale networks. The resulting solution has an immediate route flow interpretation, thus providing equivalent detail to route-based solutions.
Concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient of a dimerizing protein. Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient of a dimerizing protein. Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitorPeter R. Wills and Yannis GeorgalisCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 26, 3978–3984Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150626a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j150626a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Efficient targeted gene disruption in <i>Xenopus</i> embryos using engineered transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) (2012)

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are an approach for directed gene disruption and have been proved to be effective in various animal models. Here, we report that TALENs can induce somatic mutations in Xenopus embryos with reliably high efficiency and that such mutations are heritable through germ-line transmission. We modified the Golden Gate method for TALEN assembly to make the product suitable for RNA transcription and microinjection into Xenopus embryos. Eight pairs of TALENs were constructed to target eight Xenopus genes, and all resulted in indel mutations with high efficiencies of up to 95.7% at the targeted loci. Furthermore, mutations induced by TALENs were highly efficiently passed through the germ line to F(1) frogs. Together with simple and reliable PCR-based approaches for detecting TALEN-induced mutations, our results indicate that TALENs are an effective tool for targeted gene editing/knockout in Xenopus.
The flexibility of molecular components as a suitable tool in designing extended magnetic systems (2002)

In this work we show how the design of n-dimensional magnetic compounds (nD with n = 1–3) can strongly benefit from the use crystal engineering techniques, which can give rive to structures of different shapes with different properties. We focus on the networks built by assembling the malonato-bridged tetranuclear copper(II) units Cu4(mal)4 (mal2− is the dianion of propanedioic acid, H2mal) through the potentially bridging 2,4′-bipyridine (2,4′-bpy), 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) and pyrazine (pyz). The magneto-structural study of the complexes of formula [Cu4(mal)4(2,4′-bpy)4(H2O)4]·8H2O (1), [Cu4(mal)4(H2O)4(4,4′-bpy)2] (2) (this compound was the subject of a previous report but it is included here for comparison) and [Cu4(mal)4(pyz)2]·4H2O (3) reveals that the ferromagnetically coupled Cu4(mal)4 unit which occurs in 1–3 is propagated into two- (2) and three-dimensions (3) by using 4,4′-bpy and pyz as linkers, respectively. Whereas in the case of complex 1, this tetranuclear unit is magnetically isolated, significant antiferromagnetic interactions between these units mediated by the bridges 4,4′-bpy and pyz occur in 2 and 3.
Gas Injection Molding of Thermoplastic Composite Window Guidance Channel (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Gas injection molding of reinforced engineering plastics for structural applications is a very innovative approach, but is still in an infancy stage. The requirements for window guidance channel are: dimensional stability, high strength to weight ratio, no warpage and low wear. The composite materials with hollow tubular structure can only meet these requirements based on FEA analysis. We evaluated 30% glass filled polyester (short and long glass fibers). The part and tool designs are the key parameters for successful results which are discussed. Information on current gas injection molding technologies is discussed. The new software ‘C-Gas flow analysis’ was used to optimize gate design and process parameters. The design of experiments based on Taguchi method was used. Both available technologies, i.e., gas through nozzle and gas through runner or cavity were tested. The cross section analysis was done using CAT Scan. This is the first structural application of gas injection technology which is fully tested and approved according to GM specifications. We received Society of Plastic Industries (SPI) ‘Award of Excellence’ for design and application development in February 1990.</div>
Data integration: blue skies ahead for network management. (1996)

Managed care organizations with an eye on the future realize that they must make the transition from cost management to quality management. This process relies heavily on the integrity and immediacy of the data that are collected, collated, and interpreted. Physicians and other medical providers will now play key roles in this process because, to date, MCOs have proved more adept at collecting reams of data than at employing data to effectively improve quality and reduce costs.
Oxidants and Antioxidants as Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1999)

There is now increasing evidence that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, in favor of oxidants, occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence is also accumulating that oxidative stress is a critical event in the pathogenesis of this condition. A large number of studies have demonstrated an increased oxidant burden and consequently increased markers of oxidative stress in the airspaces, breath, blood, and urine of smokers and of patients with COPD. There are several events related to oxidative stress, which are important in the pathogenesis of COPD. These include oxidative inactivation of antiproteinases, airspace epithelial injury, increased sequestration of neutrophils in the pulmonary microvasculature, and gene expression of proinflammatory mediators. Oxidative processes have a fundamental role in the inflammation of smokers and patients with COPD, through redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and AP-1, which regulate the genes for proinflammatory mediators and protective mechanisms, such as antioxidant gene expression. In addition to the oxidative stress produced by cigarette smoking, dietary deficiency in antioxidants is related to the development of airflow limitation, and hence dietary supplementation may be a beneficial therapeutic intervention in this condition. The use of antioxidants with good bioavailability or molecules that have antioxidant enzyme activity may be treatments that not only protect against the direct injurious effects of oxidants, but may fundamentally alter the inflammatory events that are thought to play an important part in the pathogenesis of COPD. MacNee W, Rahman I. Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Consumo de alucinógenos y otras sustancias alteradoras de consciencia durante la prehistoria reciente europea (2003)

La relacion del hombre con las drogas no se ha establecido en nuestros dias sino que tiene una gran antiguedad. Teniendo en cuenta las subsistencias de las sociedades preindustriales dependian fundamentalmente de los recursos naturales de su entorno y que, por lo tanto, el contacto de estas comunidades con su flora y fauna locales era muy estrecho, parece logico suponer que las propiedades psicoactivas de determinadas especies vegetales y, en menor medida, de algunos animales pronto se hicieran evidentes. De este modo, se plantea la hipotesis de la existencia de un consumo de drogas por parte de las comunidades prehistoricas de Europa. Para ilustrar esta practica, se han estudiado estos arqueobotamicos de vegetales psicoactivos recuperados en niveles arqueologicos y alcaloides y metabolitos de drogas presentes en huesos humanos y artefactos prehistoricos, como ejes fundamentales del discurso. Asimismo, se han examinado otra serie de evidencias mas indirectas de este habito como son determinados utiles que pudieron servir para el transporte, preparacion y/o consumo de drogas, junto a ciertas manifestaciones artisticas (tanto aquellas posiblemente inspiradas en estado de trance como otras que incluyen representaciones de vegetales psicoactivos entre sus disenos).
Operation principles of bidirectional isolated AC/DC converter with natural clamping soft switching scheme (2014)

The bidirectional isolated AC/DC converter is widely used in the past decades. Most of the topologies are based on voltage source converter. However, the performance of the voltage source based converter is significantly limited by the bulky energy storage element, the range of soft switching, the leakage inductance of the transformer and so forth. A current fed isolated AC/DC converter is studied in the paper. A novel soft switching control scheme is used in this topology, which could achieve the natural clamping and the zero current commutating. Instead of causing the voltage spike problem, the leakage inductance of the transformer could be utilized to assist the soft switching. The natural voltage clamping and the soft switching could be achieved without limiting the operating range of the inductor into discontinuous current mode. The control scheme and PWM generation scheme is analyzed in this paper. Simulation results are used to validate the operation of the novel control scheme in this topology.
Motion Compensation for UAV SAR Based on Raw Radar Data (2009)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is very important for battlefield awareness. For SAR systems mounted on a UAV, the motion errors can be considerably high due to atmospheric turbulence and aircraft properties, such as its small size, which makes motion compensation (MOCO) in UAV SAR more urgent than other SAR systems. In this paper, based on 3-D motion error analysis, a novel 3-D MOCO method is proposed. The main idea is to extract necessary motion parameters, i.e., forward velocity and displacement in line-of-sight direction, from radar raw data, based on an instantaneous Doppler rate estimate. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for low- or medium-altitude UAV SAR systems equipped with a low-accuracy inertial navigation system.
Large-angle and high-efficiency tunable phase grating using fringe field switching liquid crystal (2015)

We propose a switchable phase grating using fringe field switching (FFS) cells. The FFS phase grating possesses several attractive features: large diffraction angle, high diffraction efficiency, fast response time, and high contrast ratio. It can diffract >32% light to ± 2nd orders with a large diffraction angle of 12.1°. Meanwhile, its response time remains relatively fast even at -40°C. A simulation model is developed to explain the experimental results and good agreement is obtained. We also demonstrate a blazed phase grating to achieve tunable beam steering between 0th, 1st and 2nd orders.
The role of team factors in software cost and quality (1998)

This paper examines the impact of team factors in software development, such as the domain and language experience of the team members and the personnel capability of the team, on the costs and quality of the software products. The measure of the quality of the software products is based on the number of unique field problems that customers reported. The analysis, based on data collected on 37 software projects from a leading firm in the packaged software industry, indicates that software teams with higher levels of personnel capability exhibit significantly higher productivity and quality in the software products they deliver. A case study of one of the most successful package software development efforts at this firm highlights the important aspects of team dynamics in a highly successful software project.
Intelligent Path Finder for Goal Directed Queries in Spatial Networks (2012)

The Advancements in wireless technologies have led mobile users Geo-savvy. The integration of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Geo Positioning system (GPS) technologies and their wide use in mobile devices, car navigation systems, vehicle tracking system facilitates more users to search for geographical points of interest. The most popular location based application in road networks is k-Nearest Neighbor query. In this paper, a new Goal directed multi-constrained nearest neighbor query (GD-kNN) is introduced. The algorithm finds the data objects in the user direction of travel and shortest path to reach the data objects based on the dynamic constraints that are placed on allowable set of edges that appear on valid path (we restrict multimodal transport and types of roads). The algorithm returns nearest points of interest with their shortest network distance and travel times.
The Relationship of Soluble Fibrin and Cross-linked Fibrin Degradation Products to the Clinical Course of Myocardial Infarction (1997)

Recently, increases in the plasma concentration of soluble fibrin (SF) have been suggested to be sensitive and specific for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the relationship between elevations in the SF concentration and the onset of symptoms and clinical course of MI is unknown. In addition, there are no data regarding the relationship between SF concentrations and concentrations of other markers of procoagulant (fibrinopeptide A [FPA]) and fibrinolytic (cross-linked fibrin degradation products [XL-FDPs]) activity in patients with MI. In this study, concentrations of SF were measured with a novel antigen-based assay for 93 MI patients and 29 control subjects, and the relationship between SF concentrations and those of XL-FDPs and FPA was determined. Increases in SF, FPA, and XL-FDP concentrations were documented in 55.9%, 45.2%, and 73.9%, respectively, of patients with MI, but there was no relationship between the concentrations of these markers. Increases in the concentration of SF or XL-FDPs did not show a relationship to increases in the concentration of FPA. Concentrations of XL-FDPs but not of SF were elevated to a greater extent in patients with MI complications (defined as death, ventricular arrhythmia, severe congestive heart failure, or mural thrombus). Increases in SF and XL-FDPs were not sensitive enough for the diagnosis of MI, but increased concentrations of XL-FDPs appear to predict those patients who are at higher risk for MI-related complications.
Optimizing asset usage through integrated maintenance software systems (2004)

Although utilities have made substantial investments and realized significant gains from automation over the past decades, opportunities still exist to further improve the overall effectiveness of operations. In many cases exploiting these opportunities does not require replacement of IT systems already owned, but instead focuses on identifying, interpreting and delivering information already available to individuals or systems that can benefit from the information - all with the same goal - maximizing return on assets. This paper advocates an IT architecture for integrating computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) with existing SCADA solutions based on ABB's industrial IT platform. Although targeted at maintenance, the concept and fundamentals of the presented integration apply to all connectivity issues between data acquisition, control and business systems. We will describe a prototype solution, which utilizes SAP's R/3 product line.
Review: <i>The Life and Achievements of Captain James Cook, R.N., F.R.S., Explorer, Navigator, Surveyor, and Physician</i>, by John R. Muir (1941)

Book Review| June 01 1941 Review: The Life and Achievements of Captain James Cook, R.N., F.R.S., Explorer, Navigator, Surveyor, and Physician, by John R. Muir The Life and Achievements of Captain James Cook, R.N., F.R.S., Explorer, Navigator, Surveyor, and PhysicianJohn R. Muir Claude E. Jones Claude E. Jones Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1941) 10 (2): 254. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633669 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Claude E. Jones; Review: The Life and Achievements of Captain James Cook, R.N., F.R.S., Explorer, Navigator, Surveyor, and Physician, by John R. Muir. Pacific Historical Review 1 June 1941; 10 (2): 254. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633669 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1941 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Opinia publică despre discriminarea socială (iunie 2008). O analiză secundară (2009)

This study is a secondary analysis of the Special Eurobarometer 296 on the issue of .Discrimination in European Union: Perceptions, Experiences and Attitudes., released in June 2008. We extracted the overall situation data on the European Union, in order to compare them to the data on Romania. Also, we compared the opinion survey on Romania to opinion survey data on Bulgaria and Hungary, neighboring, former communist and EU member states. This study is a secondary analysis of the Special Eurobarometer 296 on the issue of .Discrimination in European Union: Perceptions, Experiences and Attitudes., released in June 2008. We extracted the overall situation data on the European Union, in order to compare them to the data on Romania. Also, we compared the opinion survey on Romania to opinion survey data on Bulgaria and Hungary, neighboring, former communist and EU member states.
Stuck-at fault: a fault model for the next millennium (2002)

One of the common misconceptions about a stuck-at fault model is that it does not model a physical defect accurately and therefore is not adequate for testing defects in advancing technologies. Stuck-at fault model can be described as anything but a physical defect model. You can call it abstract, logical, Boolean, symbolic, functional or behavioral model, but don't call it a physical defect model! But that is not a weakness of the stuck-at fault model. To the contrary, abstraction is the main strength of this model and the reason for its longevity. Abstraction is also the reason that it will be the model of choice in the next millenium. By staying away from physical details stuck-at fault model remains effective with changing technologies and design styles. Stuck-at fault model operates in the logic domain while most physical level models operate in analog domain or even in the electromagnetic domain. With the rapidly growing number of transistors on a chip, abstraction is a necessity to manage complexity. So if anything the trend for the next millenium is likely to be a higher level of abstraction. Does the abstraction come at a cost in loss of defect detection? To answer this let us consider two major classes of defects: defects internal to a gate and defects external to a gate.
Ultraviolet-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of the Filamentous Virus Pf3:  Interactions of Trp 38 Specific to the Assembled Virion Subunit (1999)

The class II filamentous virus Pf3 packages a circular single-stranded DNA genome of approximately 5833 [corrected] nucleotides within a cylindrical capsid constructed from approximately 2500 [corrected] copies of a 44 residue alpha-helical subunit. The single tryptophan residue (Trp 38) of the capsid subunit is located within a basic C-terminal sequence (.R(+)WIK(+)AQFF). The local environment of Trp 38 in the native Pf3 assembly has been investigated using 229 nm excited ultraviolet-resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Trp 38 exhibits an anomalous UVRR signature in Pf3, including structure-diagnostic Raman bands (763, 1228, 1370, and 1773 cm(-)(1)) that are greatly displaced from corresponding Raman markers observed in either detergent-disassembled Pf3, class I filamentous viruses, most globular proteins, or aqueous L-TRP. An unusual and highly quenched fluorescence spectrum is also observed for Trp 38. These distinctive UVRR and fluorescence signatures together reflect interactions of the Trp 38 side chain that are specific to the native PF3 assembly. The experimental results on PF3 and supporting spectroscopic data from other proteins of known three-dimensional structure favor a model in which pi electrons of the Trp 38 indolyl ring interact specifically with a basic side chain of the subunit C-terminal sequence. Residues Arg 37 AND Lys 40 are plausible candidates for the proposed cation-pi interaction of Trp 38. The present study suggests that raman spectroscopy may be a generally useful probe of interactions between the indolyl pi-electron system of tryptophan and electropositive groups in proteins and their assemblies.
Isoform‐Specific Enhancement of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity by <i>n</i>‐Alkanols (2007)

The results clearly indicate that, in the HEK293 expression system, the alcohol cutoff effect for n-alkanol potentiation of DA-stimulated AC activity is AC isoform specific. These results strongly suggest that alcohols interact directly with AC molecules.