gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A variable temperature infra-red gas cell using semiconductor heat pumps (1965)

A variable-temperature infra-red gas cell has been designed for gas kinetic studies. The operative temperature range is -30°C to +100°C. Pressure measurements are monitored continuously. The design is adaptable for non-kinetic studies.
Phage Xp12 of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> (Uyeda et Ishiyama) Dowson (1968)

The properties of bacteriophage Xp12 of Xanthomonas oryzae, isolated from the water in a paddy field in Taiwan and found to contain 5-methylcytosine instead of cytosine, were studied. Phage preparations with high purity were obtained by a procedure involving differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation in sucrose solution. Electron microscopic studies revealed that this phage had a head of elliptical hexagonal outline which measured 76 × 55 mμ and a tail of 6 × 133 mμ. Phage Xp12 differed both morphologically and serologically from phages Xp10, Xp20, and Xf. The temperature of thermal inactivation for Xp12 was 66 °C. One step growth studies showed that the latent period for Xp12 was 140 minutes and the burst size was 35. According to the base ratio and composition of Xp12 nucleic acid, it was characteristically a highly ordered double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid.
Binding of human IgA to HCl‐extracted c protein from group B streptococci (GBS) (1992)

The c beta protein of group B streptococci obtained by HCl extraction appears as a ladder-like pattern in SDS-PAGE when detected by a rabbit anti-c beta serum, and a similar picture is seen when the crude extract is incubated with human IgA and an anti-human IgA conjugate. Affinity-purified c beta antigen and IgA receptors from GBS gave identical pictures in Western blots using rabbit anti-c beta serum. Both the c beta antigen and the IgA receptor are exposed on the surface of GBS as demonstrated by immunofluorescence.
Characterization of reactively evaporated SiO<i>x</i> thin films (1987)

Thin films of suboxides of silicon (SiOx, 1.4&lt;x&lt;2.0) were deposited by the well-known method of reactive evaporation of SiO in an oxygen ambient onto unheated substrates. The films were characterized by ellipsometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bulk compositions were provided by the RBS analysis and AES elemental depth profiles. XPS data indicate that the bonding of silicon in the deposits have both SiO and SiO2 coordination.
Cryoprostatectomy: <i>A Follow-up Study with Special Reference to Long-term Results</i> (1972)

Sixty-four men who underwent cryoprostatectomy between 1966 and 1968 were re-examined after an average postoperative period of 28 months.A subjectively satisfactory result was obtained in 84% of the series. Micturition difficulties were unimproved or were worse in 10% and re-operation because of recurrent obstruction was necessary in 6%.The average reading for spontaneous maximum urinary flow was normal at the follow-up examination.In 73% of the patients the urine was free from infection at follow-up. Persistent infection had no demonstrable connection with disturbance of flow.Recurrence of obstruction could be attributed to incompleteness of the primary operation and not to re-growth of hyperplastic tissue.Incorporation of transurethral resection did not increase the radicality of cryoprostatectomy as judged from urinary flow values.In view of the satisfactory long-term results, cryoprostatectomy can be advocated as a useful addition to the conventional choice of therapeutic measures in pro-static obstruction.
Costs of hip fracture: Rehabilitation of 180 patients in primary health care (1991)

Costs related to functional status were calculated for 180 consecutive hip fracture patients (mean age 78 years) who were admitted from their own home and rehabilitated in primary health care. Within 4 months after the fracture, 75 percent of the patients had been discharged to their own home, 9 percent were dead, and the short-term medical treatment costs per patient were SEK 43,000, whereas the total costs including communal help and costs for living accommodations after discharge were twice as high. The total costs per patient for long-term medical treatment (from 4 months up to 3 years after fracture) were 7 percent of the short-term medical treatment costs. Patients with a cervical fracture discharged to their own home and with good functional status consumed only one fifth of the resources that patients with a trochanteric fracture discharged to institutional care and who had reduced functional status consumed. A substantial part of the costs can be saved by improved organization of rehabilitation after discharge from the hospital. A further cost reduction would require a combination of technologic, social, and organizational changes aimed at early discharge and continued follow-up in primary health care.
Automated Text Summarization Base on Lexicales Chain and graph Using of WordNet and Wikipedia Knowledge Base (2012)

The technology of automatic document summarization is maturing and may provide a solution to the information overload problem. Nowadays, document summarization plays an important role in information retrieval. With a large volume of documents, presenting the user with a summary of each document greatly facilitates the task of finding the desired documents. Document summarization is a process of automatically creating a compressed version of a given document that provides useful information to users, and multi-document summarization is to produce a summary delivering the majority of information content from a set of documents about an explicit or implicit main topic. The lexical cohesion structure of the text can be exploited to determine the importance of a sentence/phrase. Lexical chains are useful tools to analyze the lexical cohesion structure in a text .In this paper we consider the effect of the use of lexical cohesion features in Summarization, And presenting a algorithm base on the knowledge base. Ours algorithm at first find the correct sense of any word, Then constructs the lexical chains, remove Lexical chains that less score than other, detects topics roughly from lexical chains, segments the text with respect to the topics and selects the most important sentences. The experimental results on an open benchmark datasets from DUC01 and DUC02 show that our proposed approach can improve the performance compared to sate-of-the-art summarization approaches.
Isotope‐Labeled Photoaffinity Reagents and Mass Spectrometry To Identify Protein–Ligand Interactions (2006)

The target proteins of bioactive low-molecular-weight ligands can be discovered by the use of multifunctional photoaffinity labels in combination with mass spectrometry. The reagents contain a biotin label for affinity purification of the protein–ligand complex and a stable isotope label to facilitate its mass spectrometric identification (see scheme).
Public Policy in Nutrition (1993)

The public policy process affects nutrition and related fields. This article provides a model of nutrition policy, presents some common elements of nutrition policy and shows how these elements are implemented by various groups, both within and outside government. Its goal is to help nutrition professionals better understand and affect the nutrition policy process.
Hartree–Fock interactions in the integer quantum Hall effect (2008)

Abstract We report on numerical studies into the interplay of disorder and electron–electron interactions within the integer quantum Hall regime, where the presence of a strong magnetic field and two‐dimensional confinement of the electronic system profoundly affects thermodynamic and transport properties. We emphasise the behaviour of the electronic compressibility, the local density of states, and the Kubo conductivity. Our treatment of the electron–electron interactions relies on the Hartree‐Fock approximation so as to achieve system sizes comparable to experimental situations. Our results clearly exhibit manifestations of various interaction‐mediated features, such as non‐linear screening, local charging, and g ‐factor enhancement, implying the inadequacy of independent‐particle models for comparison with experimental results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Factor X deficiency in the neonatal period. (1980)

An infant with a severe deficiency of factor X presened in the neonatal period with uncontrollable bleeding from heel prick sites, spontaneous bruising, and haematoma. The deficiency was controlled by infusions of dried human factors II, IX, and X concentrate; the half-life of the infused factor X material is only 18 hours. Despite prophylactic weekly infusions of factor X concentrate, the child developed a fatal intracerebral haemorrhage when only 4 months old. Coagulation studies on both parents and the elder sister showed no obvious coagulation abnormality.
Virus-Like Nanoparticle Vaccine Confers Protection against Toxoplasma gondii (2016)

The inner membrane complex (IMC) of Toxoplasma gondii as a peripheral membrane system has unique and critical roles in parasite replication, motility and invasion. Disruption of IMC sub-compartment protein produces a severe defect in T. gondii endodyogeny, the form of internal cell budding. In this study, we generated T. gondii virus-like particle particles (VLPs) containing proteins derived from IMC, and investigated their efficacy as a vaccine in mice. VLP vaccination induced Toxoplasma gondii-specific total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses in the sera and IgA antibody responses in the feces. Upon challenge infection with a lethal dose of T. gondii (ME49), all vaccinated mice survived, whereas all naïve control mice died. Vaccinated mice showed significantly reduced cyst load and cyst size in the brain. VLP vaccination also induced IgA and IgG antibody responses in feces and intestines, and antibody-secreting plasma cells, mixed Th1/Th2 cytokines and CD4+/CD8+ T cells from spleen. Taken together, these results indicate that non-replicating VLPs containing inner membrane complex of T. gondii represent a promising strategy for the development of a safe and effective vaccine to control the spread of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
The use of bacteriophage‐based systems for the separation and concentration of <b> <i>Salmonella</i> </b> (1997)

Techniques for the separation/concentration of micro-organisms from background food matrices can be applied to increase the speed of analysis and ease of isolation and detection of target micro-organisms. One recent example of such a technique is the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) procedure that has been used for the separation of specific micro-organisms from foods. This paper describes the use of a novel biosorbent consisting of a Salmonella-specific bacteriophage (phage) immobilized to a solid phase that was used for the separation and concentration of Salmonella from food materials. This work has shown that a Salmonella-specific phage-based biosorbent could remove Salmonella from culture fluid and separate Salmonella from suspensions of other Enterobacteriaceae. The ease of production of phage, high affinity of phage-cell interaction and the ability of phage to infect host cells in heterogeneous environments indicates the potential of such a biosorbent as the basis for a reliable separation system in food microbiological analysis.
The fecal osmotic gap: technical aspects regarding its calculation. (1992)

The fecal osmotic gap is considered to be useful in the investigation of chronic diarrhea. However, two important questions regarding the calculation of the osmotic gap remain unanswered: the effect of the method of measuring osmolality and the most appropriate means for its calculation. In 41 patients with varying causes of diarrhea, stool osmolalities and electrolyte concentrations were measured. Measurement of stool osmolality by a dew point technique underestimated results by a variable factor, which makes it an inappropriate method. Fecal osmolality measured by freezing point depression gave reliable results and so was considered to be preferable. The osmotic gap was calculated by two methods: subtraction of the calculated osmolality from (1) stool osmolality and (2) plasma osmolality. The former approach was found to be inappropriate on the basis of large variations in results when consecutive stool samples were analyzed, a poor correlation with the severity of osmotic diarrhea, poor resolution between results from patients with secretory diarrhea and those with osmotic diarrhea, and practical difficulties in ensuring adequate collection of stool samples.
Temperature and Light Integral Effects on Growth and Flowering of Hybrid Geraniums (1988)

Abstract ‘Red Elite’ hybrid geraniums were grown in controlled environment rooms and greenhouses with 109 combinations of daily light integrals (DLI) ranging from 9 to 25 mol·day −1 ·m −2 and daily mean temperatures (DMT) from 13.5° to 22.5°C. The time between seedling emergence and macrobud did not change significantly until the DLI was < 13 mol·day −1 ·m −2 (at 18° DMT). Flowering will not occur below a DLI of 3.3 mol·day −1 ·m −2 . The time between emergence and macrobud progressively decreases as DLI increases until a DLI of close to 13 mol·day −1 ·m −2 is reached, and with increases in DLI above ≈17 mol·day −1 ·m −2 there is virtually no increase in the developmental rate of flower buds to the macrobud stage. Rate of development response of ‘Red Elite’ to temperature over the 9° to 27° range was curvilinear. DMT had more influence that DLI between 14 and 25 mol·day −1 ·m −2 on the time of flower development from macrobud to anthesis. The rate of development response over the 13° to 27° range was linear, and a heat sum relationship could be used to predict flowering. Increased DMT reduced the time between sowing and flowering with consequent reduction in dry weight and flower and bud numbers.
Fabrication of Polysaccharide-inorganic Hybrid Biocapsules with Improved Catalytic Activity and Stability (2008)

In this study, a novel kind of calcium phosphate-mineralized chitosan/alginate microscapsules was prepared through a bio-inspired process for efficient encapsulation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH). In this biomimetic process, when Ca2+-containing chitosan droplets were added into phosphate-containing solution of alginate, a thin chitosan/alginate film formed immediately around the microcapsules coupled with in situ precipitation of calcium phosphate. The biomineralization of calcium phosphate was mimicked by the counter-diffusion system in which Ca2+ ions and phosphate ions migrated into the chitosan/alginate film from opposite directions, respectively. Formation of a microcapsule was confirmed using a Zoom Stereo Microscope, the surface morphology of the microcapsule was characterized by SEM, the surface element composition of microcapsules was analyzed by XPS, and the pore-size distribution of the microcapsule shell was determined by BET. YADH encapsulated in the microcapsules exhibited significantly higher activity and recycling stability in a broader temperature range than the free YADH. We believe that such hybrid materials will find promising applications in enzyme encapsulation and drug delivery systems.
Missing the Boat to Self-Determination: Palestine and Namibia in Retrospect (1998)

SINCE SEPTEMBER 1993, DESPITE well-meaning third parties and concerned facilitators, the Israeli-Palestinian peace process has taken place on a playing field which is not level and within a vacuum where no one else is allowed. In addition to this, crucial issues have begun to bear an unmistakable resemblance to the specter of linkage in regard to surrounding states, and it is quite clear that members of the international community perceive there is little they can do. But in the face of present turbulence and future uncertainties, with Palestinian self-determination yet without substance and Israel's tautological security rationale still maintained, it may be worthwhile to critically examine what roles, if any, might have been played by the international community in the past. Notwithstanding the legal principle of self-determination set forth in the United Nations Charter as well as the establishment of assorted U.N. agencies and passing of numerous resolutions in regard to the Palestinians since 1948, such collective initiatives have managed to play not much more than a spectator's role.2 Here the twin principles of sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of a state have been respected to the highest degree, but apparently with little return. The prolonged gray legal status3 of any territory and any people have never been recipes for success, and the Israeli-Palestinian dispute is no exception, particularly in a region so problematic and potentially volatile. While the present and future are only looking dim, perhaps a look at the past might shed some guiding light. One period which may prove to be instructive begins in 1960 with the passing of the first U.N. resolution on decolonization, and ends with the changes wrought by the Six Day War. This was an important moment in time not only for the Palestinians, but also for the people of present-day Namibia,4 both of whom
Advanced Transport Phenomena (1999)

The term 'transport phenomena' describes the fundamental processes of momentum, energy, and mass transfer. This text provides a thorough discussion of transport phenomena, laying the foundation for understanding a wide variety of operations used by chemical engineers. The book is arranged in three parallel parts covering the major topics of momentum, energy, and mass transfer. Each part begins with the theory, followed by illustrations of the way the theory can be used to obtain fairly complete solutions, and concludes with the four most common types of averaging used to obtain approximate solutions. A broad range of technologically important examples, as well as numerous exercises, are provided throughout the text. Based on the author's extensive teaching experience, a suggested lecture outline is also included. This book is intended for first-year graduate engineering students; it will be an equally useful reference for researchers in this field.
Dopamine‐loaded poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>‐lactic‐<i>co</i>‐glycolic acid) microspheres: New strategy for encapsulating small hydrophilic drugs with high efficiency (2013)

The effective controlled release of small hydrophilic drugs from poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres has remained a challenge, largely due to the difficulty of loading a large amount of the drug inside the microspheres, owing to the hydrophilicity of the drugs. This study provides a new strategy for increasing encapsulation of small hydrophilic drugs inside PLGA microspheres by utilizing noncovalent, physical adsorption between hydrophilic drugs and emulsifying polymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) and pluronic. An order of magnitude increase in drug loading efficiency from 2.7 to 18.6% for dopamine, a model small hydrophilic drug, was achieved. The large amount of dopamine-loaded PLGA formulation herein could be useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Vertical partitioning of relational OLTP databases using integer programming (2010)

A way to optimize performance of relational row store databases is to reduce the row widths by vertically partitioning tables into table fractions in order to minimize the number of irrelevant columns/attributes read by each transaction. This paper considers vertical partitioning algorithms for relational row-store OLTP databases with an H-store-like architecture, meaning that we would like to maximize the number of single-sited transactions. We present a model for the vertical partitioning problem that, given a schema together with a vertical partitioning and a workload, estimates the costs (bytes read/written by storage layer access methods and bytes transferred between sites) of evaluating the workload on the given partitioning. The cost model allows for arbitrarily prioritizing load balancing of sites vs. total cost minimization. We show that finding a minimum-cost vertical partitioning in this model is NP-hard and therefore the problem should obviously not be solved manually by a human DBA. We present two algorithms returning solutions in which single-sitedness of read queries is preserved while allowing column replication (which may allow a drastically reduced cost compared to disjoint partitioning). The first algorithm is a quadratic integer program that finds optimal minimum-cost solutions with respect to the model, and the second algorithm is a more scalable heuristic based on simulated annealing. Experiments show that the algorithms can reduce the cost of the model objective by 37% when applied to the TPC-C benchmark and the heuristic is shown to obtain solutions with costs close to the ones found using the quadratic program.
Use of lime sulphur and itraconazole to treat shelter cats naturally infected with<i>Microsporum canis</i>in an annex facility: an open field trial (2007)

Dermatophytosis is the most common contagious and infectious skin disease of cats. It is of particular importance in animal shelters because it is a known zoonosis, highly contagious, and easily transmitted. In this open clinical trial, 58 cats with confirmed Microsporum canis dermatophytosis and 32 uninfected bonded pairs or littermates were treated with a combination of 21 days of oral itraconazole (10 mg kg(-1)) and twice weekly lime sulphur rinses until cured. Cats were not clipped in this treatment programme. Fungal cultures were obtained once weekly on all cats, and cats were considered cured when they had two consecutive negative weekly fungal cultures. Cats were held in the facility and received continued topical treatment until the fungal cultures were finalized. None of the cats developed oral ulcerations as a result of grooming the lime sulphur rinses. Oral ulcerations only developed in cats with clinical signs associated with upper respiratory disease. None of the uninfected cats living in contact with infected cats became culture positive or developed skin lesions. When data were examined retrospectively and the number of days to finalize the cultures was subtracted (21 days) from the total number of days the cats were housed in the annex, the mean number of days of treatment required for cure was 18.4 +/- 9.5 SEM (range 10-49 days). Cats with more severe infections required longer therapy. In this shelter, the combination of oral itraconazole and topical lime sulphur rinses for the treatment of dermatophytosis was effective and safe.