gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitability changes of somatic and viscero‐somatic nociceptive reflexes in the decerebrate‐spinal rabbit: role of NMDA receptors. (1995)

1. Wind-up (frequency-dependent potentiation of the responses of spinal neurones to stimulation of unmyelinated afferents) and other N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated phenomena have been proposed as key mechanisms underlying persistent pain states. In this study we have compared wind-up in visceral and somatic nociceptive pathways to examine the possible contribution of these mechanisms to visceral pain and hyperalgesia. 2. Experiments were performed on thirteen decerebrate spinalized rabbits. A somato-somatic (SS) reflex (evoked by stimulating skin and muscle afferents from the L2 spinal nerve) and a viscero-somatic (VS) reflex (evoked by stimulating visceral afferents in the splanchnic nerve) were recorded from the L1 spinal nerve. The reflexes consisted of an early (A fibre) and a late (C fibre) component. 3. Conditioning trains of sixteen high intensity electrical stimuli at 1 Hz were applied to the somatic or visceral nerve. These conditioning stimuli did not produce wind-up in the early component of either reflex but evoked powerful wind-up in the late SS reflex (mean percentage of baseline +/- S.E.M., 191 +/- 30%). In contrast wind-up was weak or absent in the late VS reflex (mean percentage of baseline +/- S.E.M., 21 +/- 6%). Conditioning of somatic afferents facilitated both the early and late SS reflex but strongly depressed the early and late VS reflex. Conditioning of visceral afferents had little effect on the early SS reflex, but depressed the early VS reflex and the late components of both reflexes. 4. Intravenous administration (1-10 mg kg-1) of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine dose-dependently inhibited the strong wind-up in the late SS reflex and the weak wind-up in the late VS reflex, but also dose-dependently inhibited the early and late components of both baseline reflexes. 5. We conclude that neural mechanisms other than wind-up may underlie the development of visceral pain and hyperalgesia. The present results emphasize the important differences in the processing of somatic and visceral nociceptive input by spinal nociceptive systems and confirm the involvement of NMDA receptors in the spinal processing of nociceptive information.
Advances in IV Delivery (1993)

Physicians who prescribe outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy must remain abreast of advances in intravenous catheters and infusion pumps so they can select equipment that realizes the full potential of therapy and suits the patient's needs for comfort, reliability, and safety. The cost of equipment and installation can vary greatly and is thus another important consideration when choosing these devices.
Estimation of vapor pressures for nonpolar organic compounds by capillary gas chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimation of vapor pressures for nonpolar organic compounds by capillary gas chromatographyTerry F. BidlemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 13, 2490–2496Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00277a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00277a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Light response characteristics of organic thin-film transistors with and without a P(MMA–GMA) modification layer (2010)

This paper describes the photo-response characteristics of pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with SiO2 as the gate dielectric. The operation current increases significantly and the threshold voltage is shifted toward positive bias at the incident illumination. The distinguishable light responsive characteristics can be observed at the OTFTs with and without poly(methyl methacrylate co glycidyl methacrylate) (P(MMA–GMA)) as the modification layer, respectively. Maximum light responsivities of 24 600 and 1173 A W−1 were obtained for OTFTs with and without P(MMA–GAM), respectively, under the lower illumination power of 0.64 µW cm−2. The corresponding photo-response mechanisms were analyzed, which demonstrated that the present organic phototransistor properties have a strong dependence on the trap density at the pentacene bulk and the interface of pentacene/dielectric.
Shape distributions for landmark data (1989)

The paper obtains the exact distribution of Bookstein's shape variables under his plausible model for landmark data. We consider its properties including invariances, marginal distributions and the relationship with Kendall's uniform measure. Particular cases for triangles and quadrilaterals are highlighted. A normal approximation to the distribution is obtained, extending Bookstein's result for three landmarks. The adequacy of these approximations is also studied.
Induction of hybridoma growth factor (HGF), identical to IL-6, in human fibroblasts by IL-1: use of HGF activity in specific and sensitive biological assays for IL-1 and IL-6. (1988)

Human hybridoma growth factor (HGF) has been purified to homogeneity and identified with the 26kDa protein, interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2), B-cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2) and hepatocyte stimulatory factor (HSF). This factor, renamed interleukin-6 (IL-6), can be induced in fibroblasts by IL-1, while other cytokines are less active or inactive as inducers. The possible use of this IL-6 induction as an alternative indirect assay system for IL-1 is considered. Also, the direct HGF activity as a test IL-6 has been compared with the other biological activities of IL-6. It was concluded that the HGF assay is the most sensitive, specific and convenient test for IL-6.
Design and implementation of a high precision profilometer (1995)

A high precision profilometry system was developed primarily for the inspection of two-sided sample specimens. Based upon system specifications and requirements, it was found that the most suitable profilometry technique was atomic force microscopy (AFM). The major components of the profilometer were: 1) a commercial atomic force microscope, 2) customized sample positioning hardware, 3) image processing and control software, and 4) system calibration procedures. The primary focus of this thesis is on the design and implementation of the customized blade positioning hardware, consisting of two linear stages stacked to form an X-Y table and a novel &apos;flip &apos; stage which allows both sides of the sample to be measured by the AFM. The flip stage uses a kinematic coupling design to achieve the necessary positioning precision and stability. A homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) method was developed for calculating the profiling errors due to stage positioning errors. The actual performance and calibration of the profilometer system was investigated
[The effect of the membrane skeleton of non-nucleated erythrocytes on the properties of transport ATPases]. (1991)

Removal of spectrin and other proteins of membrane skeleton from rat erythrocyte membranes resulted in a significant loss of Na,K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase activities, and even more of respective phosphatase activities. At the same time the modulating influence of ATP and Ca2+ on the enzymes disappeared. These ATPase activities were reconstituted by addition of concentrated spectrin to spectrin-depleted membranes. The activating influence of Ca2+ on ouabain-resistant and ouabain-sensitive phosphatases in ghosts could be discovered only in the presence of ATP. The highest activities of both the phosphatases were revealed when both ATP (0.5 mM) and Ca2+ (10-30 mM) were present simultaneously in the incubation medium. These data show that the functioning of transport ATPases in non-nuclear erythrocyte membranes is related to the membrane skeleton: regulating influence of intracellular ATP and Ca2+ on enzymes seems to be realized through the proteins of the skeleton.
Effective Shadow Detection in Traffic Monitoring Applications (2003)

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of periodontal disease activity (PDA) in treated periodontitis patients in a longitudinal survey. Seven periodontitis patients with 170 teeth (970 sites) participated in this 6 to 12 month study. After initial therapy, the clinical parameters including attachment level (AL) were recorded as the baseline data and then repeated every two months. Occlusal stents were used for each patient to assure the accuracy and reproductivity of the attachment level measurements. Detection of > or = 2 mm of new AL between two consecutive visits was required to designate a site as PDA. During the study period, 21 sites out of 970 sites showed PDA. For better accuracy, we calculated the yearly PDA rate based on the 6-month data because not all the seven patients finished the 12-month observation. The estimated PDA rate per year was 2.8%. Data also showed that maxillary bicuspids and molars on both jaws were more susceptible to PDA. Interproximal sites and sites with > or = 6 mm pockets before treatment showed significantly greater PDA rate than buccal (lingual) sites and sites with < or = 4 mm initial pocket depth. Our data supports the tooth specific and site specific concept in periodontal disease.
High-performance 1.3-μm InAsP strained-layer quantum-well ACIS (Al-oxide confined inner stripe) lasers (1999)

We have demonstrated high-performance 1.3-/spl mu/m InAsP strained-layer quantum-well lasers with Al-oxide confined inner stripe (ACIS) structure. The oxidized layers are consisted of strain-compensated AlAs-InP-AlInAs (6 nm/2 ML/3 nm) superlattice (SAS) layers and grown on InP substrate using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GS-MBE). For the structural optimization of the ACIS laser, the dependence of quantum efficiency, threshold current and lateral mode characteristics on the initial ridge width and the current aperture width have been investigated. A very low-threshold current of 2.0 mA, a high differential quantum efficiency of 67% and stable single lateral mode operation of over 40 mW were obtained for the optimized ACIS lasers. The excellent characteristics obtained in the ACIS lasers are attributed to both the current and the optical confinements by the Al-oxide layer. In addition, we confirmed high uniformity of the threshold current and the oxidized width. This device is very promising candidate for low-cost access networks and optical interconnects.
Access region locality for high-bandwidth processor memory system design (1999)

This paper studies an interesting yet less explored behavior of memory access instructions, called access region locality. Unlike the traditional temporal and spatial data locality that focuses on individual memory locations and how accesses to the locations are inter-related, the access region locality concerns with each static memory instruction and its range of access locations at run time. We consider program's data, heap, and stack regions in this paper. Our experimental study using a set of SPEC95 benchmark programs shows that most memory reference instructions access a single region at run time. Also shown is that it is possible to accurately predict the access region of a memory instruction at run time by scrutinizing the addressing mode of the instruction and the past access region history of it. A simple run-time access region predictor is developed that is similar to a branch predictor in structure. We describe and evaluate a superscalar processor with two distinct sets of memory pipelines, driven by the access region predictor. Experimental results indicate that the proposed mechanism is very effective in providing high memory bandwidth to the processor, resulting in comparable or better performance than a conventional memory design with a heavily multi-ported data cache that can lead to much higher hardware complexity.
[Fundamental and applied studies of AIDS of the nervous system. A new stage in the study of slow infections of the nervous system]. (1991)

Problems of the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of neuro-AIDS are analyzed. The causes of the origin and mechanisms of the development of multiple sclerosis and lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, attributable presumably to slow infections are discussed from the standpoint of the retroviral etiology. In the author's opinion, it is more probable in the first case.
Embryonic Growth of Thamnophis s. sirtalis in Relation to Fertilization Date and Placental Function (1955)

IN the course of an investigation of excreta and excretory mechanisms of the gartersnake embryo, in which a succession of excretory products appear, it was important to know the age of the embryo. This is equally desirable for consideration of other physiological functions of the embryo, since new physiological devices commonly appear abruptly and are often associated with other phenomena of differentiation. Hitherto, there has been no satisfactory way of ascertaining the age of gartersnake embryos. Embryonic weight data were accumulated in relation to excretion and fat analyses and as normal controls of these two series. Embryos were taken from 12 females of Thamnophis s. sirtalis (L.). The snakes were collected principally locally during May and June, and during the course of the studies were maintained on a diet of earthworms. Embryonic weights were determined on a Roller-Smith balance. Serial operations for removal of the embryos were performed by the technique described by Clark (1937). 9
Interfacial Oxidation Enhanced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Low Resistance Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Composed of Co/Pt Multilayer Electrodes (2008)

Low-resistance magnetic tunnel junctions utilizing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Pt multilayer electrodes have been investigated. In these junctions, AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> tunnel barrier has been prepared by repeated natural oxidation processes. Each natural oxidation process has been optimized by varying the thickness of pre-oxidized Al layer prior to oxidation. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Pt multilayer has been found to be dependent on the degree of oxidation at the interface of tunnel barrier and Co adjacent layer. It has been observed that magnetization of Co/Pt multilayer is tilted when Co layer adjacent to tunnel barrier is relatively thick, which is attributed to the lack of interfacial anisotropy contribution near the interface of Co adjacent layer and AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> barrier. Interfacial oxidation treated on the monolayer thick Co adjacent layer has enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the entire Co/Pt multilayer electrodes, enabling sharp transition between well-defined parallel and anti-parallel states at micro-fabricated perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions of ~100 Omega ldr mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> resistance-area product.
Interaction Techniques for Large Digital Images: A Comparative Study (2019)

Digital images are examined on computer screens in a variety of contexts, including radiology, cartography, art, and satellite imaging. Frequently these digital images are larger than computer screens, and computer software programs use different paradigms for allowing users to zoom in and out of the image and to navigate around it. With recent advances in CPU and Internet connection speed, users may view large images that are not stored locally at a rapid rate. However, there has been no systematic investigation of what image-viewing paradigms are most effective for viewing images at these faster speeds. This paper reports on a study designed to research the types of methods that best allow users to access and view large images at both fast and slow speeds. Five different viewing techniques are described and examined. The researchers found that techniques that enable both intuitive and systematic searching tend to perform best at a fast speed, while techniques that minimize the number of interactions with the image are most effective at a slow speed. Additionally, based on an informal survey, users prefer by a large margin the Point-Zoom technique, which allows them to interact freely with the image and move around it easily.
Mobile and Electronic Commerce Systems and Technologies (2008)

The emergence of wireless and mobile networks has made possible the introduction of electronic commerce to a new application and research subject: mobile commerce. Understanding or constructing a mobile or an electronic commerce system is an arduous task because the system involves a wide variety of disciplines and technologies and the technologies are constantly changing. To facilitate understanding and constructing such a system, this article divides the system into six components: (i) applications, (ii) client computers or devices, (iii) mobile middleware, (iv) wireless networks, (v) wired networks, and (vi) host computers. Elements in these components specifically related to the subject are described in detail and lists of current technologies for component construction are discussed. Another important and complicated issue related to the subject is the mobile or electronic commerce application programming. It includes two types of programming: client-side and server-side programming, which will be introduced too.
Alcohol extract of Schinu sterebinthifolius raddi (anacardiaceae) as a local antimicrobial agent in severe autogenously fecal peritonitis in rats (2014)

The impact of alcoholic extract of the inner bark of the Schinus terebinthifolius raddi was considered very positive and promising as natural local antiseptic against very severe peritonitis in Wistar rats.
High‐Performance, Monolithic Polyaniline Electrochemical Actuators (2003)

Abstract New polyaniline (PANI) asymmetric membranes were fabricated using a phase‐inversion technique with hexane as the coagulation bath. These membranes exhibit a dense structure with macrovoids distributed asymmetrically throughout the cross‐section. A stress–strain study demonstrated that the Young's modulus (1.421 GPa) and strain at break (7.6 %) of the new PANI asymmetric membranes prepared from hexane are approximately 12 and 4 times higher, respectively, than the values reported previously for the PANI integrally skinned asymmetric membranes (ISAMs) (123 MPa Young's modulus and 1.8 % strain at break). Furthermore, monolithic electrochemical actuators based on a single PANI asymmetric membrane were constructed, and a bending movement of up to 20 Hz was experimentally recorded in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. A lifetime of over 329 500 cycles was determined for these actuators at a ± 2° angular displacement (5 Hz). The lifetime is limited by a bending fatigue that creates a transversal crack on the PANI membrane at the air–water interface. Control over the actuator movement is also manifested by the linear dependences of the bending angle on the charge and of the angular velocity on the current. These relationships are independent of both the kind of applied electric signal and the frequency used.
Detecting Off-Task Speech (2025)

Off-task speech is speech that strays away from an intended task. It occurs in many dialog applications, such as intelligent tutors, virtual games, health communication systems and human-robot cooperation. Off-task speech input to computers presents both challenges and opportunities for such dialog systems. On the one hand, off-task speech contains informal conversational style and potentially unbounded scope that hamper accurate speech recognition. On the other hand, an automated agent capable of detecting off-task speech could track users’ attention and thereby maintain the intended conversation by bringing a user back on task; also, knowledge of where off-task speech events are likely to occur can help the analysis of automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors. Related work has been done in confidence measures for dialog systems and detecting out-of-domain utterances. However, there is a lack of systematic study on the type of off-task speech being detected and generality of features capturing off-task speech. In addition, we know of no published research on detecting off-task speech in children’s interactions with an automated agent. The goal of this research is to fill in these blanks to provide a systematic study of off-task speech, with an emphasis on child-machine interactions. To characterize off-task speech quantitatively, we used acoustic features to capture its speaking style; we used lexical features to capture its linguistic content; and we used contextual features to capture the relation of off-task speech to nearby utterances. Using these features, we trained an off-task speech detector that yielded 87% detection rate at a cost of 10% false positives on children’s oral reading. Furthermore, we studied the generality of these types of features by detecting off-task speech in data from four tutorial tasks ranging from oral reading to prompted free-form responses. In addition, we examined how the features help detect adults’ off-task speech in data from the CMU Let’s Go bus information system. We show that lexical features detect more task-related off-task speech such as complaints about the system, whereas acoustic features detect more unintelligible speech and non-speech events such as mumbling and humming. Moreover, acoustic features tend to be more robust than lexical features when switching domains. Finally, we demonstrate how off-task speech detection can improve the performance on application-relevant metrics such as predicting fluency test scores in oral reading and understanding utterances in the CMU Let’s Go bus information system
Fast fingertip positioning by combining particle filtering with particle random diffusion (2008)

A new and efficient algorithm to find the fingertips for human computer interface is proposed in this paper.The Fingertip Positioning algorithm of this paper combines particle filtering with Particle Random Diffusion to find the different fingertips quickly and robustly. There are two special methods used in this algorithm, which are Particle Random Diffusion and Fingertip Particle Selection. Without checking every pixel in the image of video sequence, this algorithm works well with low computational cost. This algorithm comes out with good performance in cluttered backgrounds and processes in real time. Based on the accurate positions of fingertips, hand gesture recognition can be done efficiently and robustly.