gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION IS THE KEY (1998)

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) require integrated infrastructure that will enable efficient movement of people and goods between their origins and destinations. This article examines how information systems can be used in managing and operating transport infrastructure to integrate their many ITS technologies into one fully effective system. Functional integration shares information between different functions. Temporal integration makes information available at all times during the infrastructure life cycle. Institutional integration shares information effectively between different organisations. Data integration enables information to be obtained from different data sources. Much work is still needed to improve information flow, and much useful information is now being lost. Information can be used effectively only if everyone interested in it can access it and understand it. The GeoTransport advanced traffic management system (ATMS) integrates automatic traffic surveillance and control technology with real-time spatial information display, modelling, and analysis. Integration is not easy, but several factors are helping to make it easier, including emerging US and UK standards, enterprise server environments, and the development of spatial relational database management systems. For the covering abstract, see IRRD E101232.
Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals for Electronics and Photonics (2018)

Organic semiconducting single crystals (OSSCs) are ideal candidates for the construction of high-performance optoelectronic devices/circuits and a great platform for fundamental research due to their long-range order, absence of grain boundaries, and extremely low defect density. Impressive improvements have recently been made in organic optoelectronics: the charge-carrier mobility is now over 10 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and the fluorescence efficiency reaches 90% for many OSSCs. Moreover, high mobility and strong emission can be integrated into a single OSSC, for example, showing a mobility of up to 34 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and a photoluminescence yield of 41.2%. These achievements are attributed to the rational design and synthesis of organic semiconductors as well as improvements in preparation technology for crystals, which accelerate the application of OSSCs in devices and circuits, such as organic field-effect transistors, organic photodetectors, organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting transistors, and even electrically pumped organic lasers. In this context, an overview of these fantastic advancements in terms of the fundamental insights into developing high-performance organic semiconductors, efficient strategies for yielding desirable high-quality OSSCs, and their applications in optoelectronic devices and circuits is presented. Finally, an overview of the development of OSSCs along with current challenges and future research directions is provided.
On the Performance of Code Block Segmentation for LTE-Advanced: An In-Depth Analysis (2013)

In our previous work, we presented a brief analysis of the performance of the code block segmentation procedure adopted by the 3GPP LTE Advanced Standard as part of its physical layer channel coding scheme. Here, an in-depth analysis of its performance is offered together with a new approach to the LTE-Advanced code block segmentation. Code block segmentation is a generic procedure applied before turbo encoding whose function is to fragment a large transport block into smaller code blocks, reducing memory requirements. Analysis showed that only 39% of all transport blocks need segmentation. Results based on two different architectures, one focused on a DSP and the other on an FPGA, provided a speedup of 80 times over the original procedure with a total resources count of 166 slices, maximum frequency of 392 MHz and with very low latency.
Immune Interventions in Disease (1987)

Three therapeutic areas of clinical immunology that have seen active development recently are immunopharmacology of immunosuppressive drugs; clinical use of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferons and interleukin-2; and monoclonal antibody applications in marrow transplantation and antitumor therapy. Understanding of the immune regulatory systems and of the soluble factors that convey information between immune and related cells (for example, lymphokines and cytokines and their receptors) has improved substantially. New information about established immunosuppressive drugs and the introduction of new drugs are providing new opportunities for effective treatment of autoimmune diseases and improved effectiveness of organ transplantation. Clinical trials are evaluating the use of interleukin-2 in immunodeficiency disorders and neoplastic disease. Monoclonal antibodies, which have been successfully applied to diagnostic procedures, have been shown to be useful for therapeutic applications in marrow transplantation and antitumor treatment.
CLL and NHL: the end of chemotherapy? (2014)

In this issue of Blood , Flinn et al, Kahl et al, and Brown et al provide further encouragement that the possibility of a chemotherapy-free world is, indeed, a rapidly approaching reality in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).[1
Transmitter for coherent light communication system (1964)

Properties of a direct current excited helium-neon gas laser, focusing or collimation of the light beam and a sensitive wide band modulator are discussed. From the theoretical study of Fabry-Perot resonators, it becomes apparent that the gas laser for communication purpose must oscillate only in TEMoo mode. The effect of iris on output power and brightness of a laser, and relation between spot size and output power is also examined. As to collimation, the formulae for calculation of beam spread are introduced and a Galileian telescope is shown to be most convenient. For the part of modulator, comparison of three typical versions of Pockel's cells are made. The author would like to prefer cooled KDP modulator among them, because this type has moderate bandwidths comparable with that of existing systems and needs neither expensive nor complecated bulky circuitry.
Marginal noise removal of document images (2002)

Marginal noise is a common phenomenon in document analysis which results from the scanning of thick documents or skew documents. It usually appears in the front of a large and dark region around the margin of document images. Marginal noise might cover meaningful document objects. The overlapping of marginal noise with meaningful objects makes it difficult to perform the task of segmentation and recognition of document objects. This paper proposes a novel approach to remove marginal noise. The proposed approach consists of two steps which are marginal noise detection and marginal noise deletion. Marginal noise detection will reduce an original document image into a smaller image, and then find marginal noise regions according to the shape, length, and location of the split blocks. After the detection of marginal noise regions, removal is performed. Experimenting with a wide variety of test samples reveals the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach in removing marginal noises.
FIXED‐INTERVAL SCHEDULE OF COCAINE REINFORCEMENT: EFFECT OF DOSE AND INFUSION DURATION<sup>1</sup> (1973)

Rhesus monkeys were trained on a fixed-interval 9-min limited-hold 3-min schedule of intravenous cocaine reinforcement. A 15-min timeout followed each reinforcement or limited-hold expiration. An identical schedule of food reinforcement was interspersed in the session to assess rate-modifying effects of the drug infusions not specific to drug reinforcement. In one experiment, response rate for cocaine reinforcement was shown to be a positive function of reinforcement magnitude for a dose range from 0 to 800 ug/kg/inj. At these doses, there was little effect on food reinforced responding except at the highest dose, where responding decreased. Results of the second experiment indicated that increasing the duration of the cocaine infusion produced a change in response rate similar to decreasing unit dose. The response rate change for a given increase in infustion duration was less at a unit dose of 400 ug/kg than at 200 ug/kg.
A Polar bear Meal (2013)

For the polar bear, sea ice means life or death. The polar bear uses sea ice for hunting. Polar bears need sea ice as a platform to reach the prey that sustains them: ringed and bearded seals.
Singapore, a Garden City (2016)

The rapid economic development of Singapore has been attributed to its plan-rational technocratic elite, according to the developmental state model. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of the country’s deeply entrenched developmental state tradition on its environment and environmental governance. This article establishes the nexus between these two by examining Singapore’s transition into a garden city. It demonstrates how the Singaporean government has maintained a top-down, nonparticipatory approach to policy making in line with the postulations of authoritarian environmentalism and how this mode of governance is related to the developmental state legacy. While Singapore’s environmental policy resulted in its international reputation as a model green city with a remarkable expansion of green spaces and infrastructure, these outputs signify the results of the developmental state’s deliberate planning and management based on a utilitarian view toward nature rather than on the outcomes of an organic and comprehensive transition to a green society.
Thermodynamics of Crystal Nucleation in an External Electric Field (2002)

The influence of electric field on crystal nucleation in a saturated solution has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The classical equations for nucleation have been used to determine the free energy of formation, critical radius of the cluster and the concentration of the critical nuclei. The theory shows that an externally applied electric field can modify the free energy of formation of a crystalline cluster in its aqueous solution. The impact of the field will be stronger on large molecules. Two experimental set ups have been designed to study the nucleation of crystals in saturated aqueous solutions, in the presence of electric fields. Experiments conducted using a metal coordination compound bis- thiourea zinc chloride show that electric fields of strength around 105 V/m would increase its nucleation.
A Weld Defects Detection System Based on a Spectrometer (2009)

Improved product quality and production methods, and decreased production costs are important objectives of industries. Welding processes are part of this goal. There are many studies about monitoring and controlling welding process. This work presents a non-intrusive on-line monitoriment system and some algorithms capable of detecting GTAW weld defects. Some experiments were made to simulate weld defects by disturbing the electric arc. The data comes from a spectrometer which captures perturbations on the electric arc by the radiation emission of chosen lines. Algorithms based on change detection methods are used to indicate the presence and localization of those defects.
A Systematic Approach to Conducting Seismic Margin Reviews for Nuclear Power Plants (1984)

Deviations from the current codes and standards are considered acceptable in a SMR in areas where the design criteria impose significant conservatism provided the intended function of the structure or equipment to achieve a safe shutdown of the plant is not impaired. In addition to the site-specific response spectra, deviation from the seismic design analyses may be expected in the areas of soil-structure interaction, damping, load combinations, and the consideration of ductility for a SMR. In addition, a screening process to determine which structural elements and equipment items should be selected for review is considered acceptable for the SMR, rather than reanalyzing every element of every system. An example of the SMR conducted for the Midland Energy Center is presented.
An Improved TLBO Algorithm for Balancing Stochastic Two-Sided Assembly Line (2014)

The stochastic two-sided assembly line is a special line in which workers perform assembly tasks in both sides of the line and the task time is not deterministic. In the improved teaching-learning-based optimization (ITLBO) algorithm, teacher and learner phases are modified for the discrete problem, a novel merging method is proposed to construct the new evolutionary population and Late Acceptance Hill-Climbing (LAHC) is integrated into the self-learning phase to obtain high quality solutions. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Hybrid thin silicon nitride and electro-optic polymer waveguide modulators (2015)

Compact and, low driving voltage optical modulators are key device for high-speed on-chip optical interconnects. We have fabricated a hybrid silicon nitride and electro-optic (EO) polymer modulator and demonstrated its EO properties. We used thin silicon nitride core and co-planar electrodes to enable the modulator a low driving voltage.
Bitcoin Message: Data Insertion on a Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrency System (2015)

The Bit coin currency is steadily growing in popularity as an alternative to physical currencies. This paper presents an approach for utilizing the Bit coin system for creating permanent messages that are located on computers worldwide. By manipulating the amount field of Bit coin transactions, messages can be embedded into the Bit coin block chain. This approach was implemented by extending the Bit coin-Qt v0.7.2 application and the source code is freely available.
The Vagina as an Alternative to the Rectum in Measuring Abdominal Pressure during Urodynamic Investigations (1987)

Pressure in the vagina as well as within the bladder and rectum was measured during urodynamic investigations. Rectal pressure is normally used to represent changes in abdominal pressure which, when subtracted from the total bladder pressure, provides a method of assessing detrusor function. This study showed that vaginal pressure represented changes in abdominal pressure more accurately and consistently than did rectal pressure, and the vagina is therefore recommended as an alternative site in conducting urodynamic studies.
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans before and after revaccination with vaccinia virus (1978)

Twenty-six healthy males vaccinated 15 to 18 years ago with vaccinia virus were revaccinated. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 3 weeks after. The lymphocytes were tested in a blast transformation assay with vaccinia antigen and phytohemagglutinin, and interferon production was measured. The sera were subjected to neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) tests. All results were compared with clinical responses. The only test showing immunity in all donors before vaccination was the ADCC. The other tests showed a very limited residual immunity or no immunity at all. After revaccination, immunity reactions were found in all tests in most of the donors. None of the tests made before vaccination could be used to predict clinical reactions. The ADCC is recommended as a sensitive serological test.
Conformational adaptability of the active site of beta-galactosidase. Interaction of the enzyme with some substrate analogous effectors. (1978)

The action of different effectors, glycosides, and alcohols on the reactions catalyzed by beta-galactosidase is analyzed in this paper. Effectors as large as tri- and tetrasaccharides have no effect on the enzyme activity, suggesting that the binding site has rather small size. Most of the beta-galactosides produce a competitive inhibition. The other compounds assayed behave either as noncompetitive inhibitors, and they are deadened inhibitors, or as uncompetitive inhibitors which exhibit a better affinity for the chemical intermediate than for free enzyme; nearly all of them give transfer products. The analysis of the data indicates that the active center of beta-galactosidase is made up of two subsites: a galactose and a glucose subsite. This latter site is in a more favorable conformation in the galactosylenzyme than in free enzyme; possibly it might even by generated by the galactose binding. Conformational rearrangements of the active center deduced from the inhibition data have been directly observed by differential spectroscopy. The conformational adaptability of the enzyme and its consequence for the functional properties of beta-galactosidase are discussed.
&#x00B5;TIL: Mutation-based Statistical Test Inputs Generation for Automatic Fault Localization (2012)

Automatic Fault Localization (AFL) is a process to locate faults automatically in software programs. Essentially, an AFL method takes as input a set of test cases including failed test cases, and ranks the statements of a program from the most likely to the least likely to contain a fault. As a result, the efficiency of an AFL method depends on the "quality" of the test cases used to rank statements. More specifically, in order to improve the accuracy of their ranking within test budget constraints, we have to ensure that program statements are executed by a reasonably large number of test cases which provide a coverage as uniform as possible of the input domain. This paper proposes μTIL, a new statistical test inputs generation method dedicated to AFL, based on constraint solving and mutation testing. Using mutants where the locations of injected faults are known, μTIL is able to significantly reduce the length of an AFL test suite while retaining its accuracy (i.e., the code size to examine before spotting the fault). In order to address the motivations stated above, the statistical generator objectives are two-fold: 1) each feasible path of the program is activated with the same probability, 2) the sub domain associated to each feasible path is uniformly covered. Using several widely used ranking techniques (i.e., Tarantula, Jaccard, Ochiai), we show on a small but realistic program that a proof-of-concept implementation of μTIL can generate test sets with significantly better fault localization accuracy than both random testing and adaptive random testing. We also show on the same program that using mutation testing enables a 75% length reduction of the AFL test suite without decrease in accuracy.
Dendrimers and their applications in immunoassays and clinical diagnostics (2007)

Unlike other synthetic polymeric materials, Starburst (Dendritic Nanotechnologies Inc., Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.) dendrimers are a unique class of nanoscopic synthetic macromolecules. They allow controlled architecture, low polydispersity and defined molecular mass. These molecules contain a very large number of reactive terminal functional groups that have been utilized to covalently couple a large variety of molecules, including proteins. The unique properties associated with these dendrimer-coupled protein complexes have been exploited in the development of sensitive immunoassays for a variety of clinically significant biochemical markers. In addition, dendrimer-coupled antibody reagents have been utilized in the Stratus CS system, an automated clinical analyser available commercially since 1998. The present review provides an overview of the synthesis and properties of these dendrimers, preparation of dendrimer-coupled protein reagents and their applications in development of immunoassays.
Local Coordination for Interpersonal Communication Systems (2003)

The decomposition of complex applications into modular units is anacknowledged design principle for creating robust systems and forenabling the flexible re-use of modules in new applicationcontexts. Typically, component frameworks provide mechanisms and rulesfor developing software modules in the scope of a certain programmingparadigm or programming language and a certain computing platform. Forexample, the JavaBeans framework is a component framework for thedevelopment of component-based systems -- in the Java environment.In this thesis, we present a light-weight, platform-independentapproach that views a component-based application as a set of ratherloosely coupled parallel processes that can be distributed on multiplehosts and are coordinated through a protocol. The core of ourframework is the Message Bus (Mbus): an asynchronous, message-orientedcoordination protocol that is based on Internet technologies andprovides group communication between application components.Based on this framework, we have developed a local coordinationarchitecture for decomposed multimedia conferencing applications thatis designed for endpoint and gateway applications. One element of thisarchitecture is an Mbus-based protocol for the coordination of callcontrol components in conferencing applications.
Effect of fermentation time on the antioxidant activities of tempeh prepared from fermented soybean using <i>Rhizopus oligosporus</i> (2009)

Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermentation time on the antioxidant activity of tempeh, a fermented product from soybean. Rhizopus oligosporus was used to ferment soybean for 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 days. Lyophilised tempeh powder was extracted with hexane followed by petroleum ether, ether, 95% ethanol and water. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated with various models including α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐pricryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide‐scavenging activities, reducing power and inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation. The results revealed that tempeh showed greater antioxidant activities than unfermented soybean. On behalf of a DPPH scavenger, water extracts were as good as 95% ethanol extracts. In comparison of superoxide anion‐scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reducing power, 95% ethanol extracts were superior to water extracts. Tempeh fermented with R. oligosporus for 10 days exhibited the highest antioxidant activities than the others.
Robust trajectory tracking control for an ultra lightweight tendon driven series elastic robot arm (2016)

Trajectory tracking control for a tendon driven series elastically actuated robotic arm is considered. This bio-inspired actuation concept enables an ultra lightweight and highly safe robot design that is very well suited for physical human-robot interaction. However, the high elasticity in the joint actuation imposes challenges on robot control, especially for the usual case that no joint torque measurements are available. In this paper, a trajectory tracking controller for this highly compliant robot is presented which does not need explicit joint torque measurements as required by related approaches for robots with elastic joints. A control concept is proposed which aims to be robust against inaccuracies in various model parameters (like robot dynamics, position initialization, drive train stiffness, transmission ratio and friction). It compensates for changes in robot dynamics by equilibrium controlled stiffness. The proposed controller is successfully applied and evaluated in simulated and physical experiments with the robot.