gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of temperature gradients and stress-strain distributions during the plasma spraying process (1992)

La maitrise de la fiabilite des composants ceramiques reclame la connaissance de la microstructure et de l'histoire thermique pendant et a l'issue du processus de deposition, par exemple la donnee des parametres de projection en fonction de la qualite du depot. L'article decrit l'amelioration dans cette maitrise et porte sur l'etude des distributions de temperature et de deformations dans des depots obtenus par projection par plasma et utilises comme barrieres thermiques (TBC). Les depots projetes par plasma sont produits par l'impact de particules fondues du materiau a deposer sur la surface a recouvrir
Experimental test of the transition layer model of atomic layer epitaxy (1988)

Thermal desorption experiments concerning Te deposits on GaAs (100) surfaces have been performed using quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results give evidence that near the GaAs surface two regions of different Te adsorption can be distinguished. The first region nearest to the substrate surface consists of Te adparticles, which are chemisorbed to the substrate reevaporating at temperatures above 510–520 °C. The adparticles of the second physisorbed region begin to desorb at 350–360 °C, which is still considerably higher than the desorption temperature of the bulk Te deposits. The approximate thicknesses of these two regions are 1–2 monolayers and 3–10 monolayers of Te, respectively.
Extra-Terrestrial Water Extraction (2005)

Human spaceflight, from the outset, has relied entirely on the use of terrestrial resources. Everything we as a species have accomplished has been with the aid of materials processed from our own planet. To date, all orbital missions and the few lunar expeditions have been limited enough in crew size and duration so as to obviate the development of alternative sources of supplies. With the nation’s new space vision taking form, however, making use of extra-terrestrial resources will soon become imperative to reducing mission costs and complexity. Sustained human exploration of the solar system will require the ability to develop off-Earth resources. In situ resource utilization is of utmost importance to the fulfillment of this nation’s new space vision. Particularly, water is the most essential resource for human existence and one of the most costly in terms of getting it to space; in addition, water can be processed to produce rocket fuel. By lowering mission costs, developing an off-Earth water source will dramatically increase the feasibility of robust long-duration and deep-space manned missions. Though plentiful on Earth, water was once thought to be sparse throughout most of the rest of the solar system; however, evidence shows it is existent on the Moon, on Mars, in comets, in asteroids, and elsewhere. In most cases, the water is not available in large pure ores but is commingled with the material in which it is found. Extra-Terrestrial Water Extraction is a simple process that employs basic scientific principles to remove water from an
Imaging objects in tissuelike media with optical tagging and the diffuse photon differential transmittance (1997)

In a proof-of-concept experiment, we optically tagged objects embedded in an inhomogeneous and multiple-scattering medium and measured the difference between the transmitted diffuse photons at two optical wave-lengths, one at and the other off a sharp absorption peak of the exogenous contrast agent. We demonstrated that the visibility of tagged objects was significantly enhanced in comparison with that of untagged objects. From our analysis it seems possible to use dual-wavelength differential transmittance spectrometry together with monoclonal-antibody-delivered optical contrast agents to detect tumors as small as 0.1-0.3 cm in size and embedded as deeply as a few centimeters beneath a tissue surface.
The stereochemical course of the first step of pre-mRNA splicing (1993)

We have determined the effects on splicing of sulfur substitution of the non-bridging oxygens in the phosphodiester bond at the 5' splice site of a pre-mRNA intron. Pre-mRNAs containing stereochemically pure Rp and Sp phosphorothioate isomers were produced by ligation of a chemically synthesized modified RNA oligonucleotide to enzymatically synthesized RAs. When these modified pre-mRNA substrates were tested for in vitro splicing activity in a HeLa cell nuclear extract system, the RNA with the Rp diastereomeric phosphorothioate was not spliced while the Sp diastereomeric RNA spliced readily. The sulfur-containing branched trinucleotide was purified from the splicing reaction of the Sp RNA and analyzed by cleavage with a stereospecific nuclease. The results showed that the Sp phosphorothioate was inverted during the splicing reaction to the Rp configuration; a finding previously obtained for a Group I self-splicing RNA. This inversion of configuration is consistent with a transesterification mechanism for pre-mRNA splicing. The lack of splicing of the Rp modified RNA also suggests that the pro-Rp oxygen at the 5' splice site is involved in a critical chemical contact in the splicing mechanism. Additionally, we have found that the HeLa cell RNA debranching enzyme is inactive on branches containing an Rp phosphorothioate.
A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe based on TPP-conjugated carbon dots for both one- and two-photon fluorescence cell imaging (2014)

A simple approach of a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe has been demonstrated for the preparation of highly water-soluble and fluorescent TPP-conjugated carbon dots (TPP-CDs) derived from low-cost citric acid and urea. We found that the TPP-CDs are suitable for both one- and two-photon mitochondria-selective imaging in living cells.
Multimodal basis for egocentric spatial localization and orientation. (1996)

The perceptual and sensorimotor mechanisms that guide our abilities at localizing and orienting in space integrate sensory information from vision and from a "body-referenced mechanism" that itself makes use of extraretinal signals regarding eye position relative to the head and head orientation relative to the body and to gravity. The experiments and theoretical treatment center on two perceptual dimensions: the visual perception of elevation and of orientation within the frontoparallel plane. Several experiments measuring localization in the horizontal plane are also treated. The experiments involve measurements of the physical elevation of visually perceived eye level (VPEL, a norm for perceived elevation), measurements of the physical orientation within the frontoparallel plane corresponding to visually perceived vertical (VPV), and measurements of the direction within a horizontal plane perceived as straight ahead (VPSA). VPEL and VPV are each significantly and systematically influenced by both the pitch and the roll of visual fields, and it is these influences that provide the basis for experimentally isolating the contributions of vision from those of the body-referenced mechanism. The VPEL discrimination is nearly invariant with variation in head and eye orientation. The possibility that influences from vision and from the body-referenced mechanism combine linearly is well supported. The visual influences on VPEL and VPV are controlled by the action of individual lines, and the same pitched-from-vertical lines (from pitched planes) or oblique lines within erect planes influence both discriminations. The Great Circle Model (GCM) accounts for the influences of individual lines, and contains rules for the influence of combinations of lines on both VPEL and VPV. GCM is interpreted by a 3-dimensional vector treatment in "egocentric orientation space."
The Conversion of Chlorophyll to Pheophytin (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conversion of Chlorophyll to PheophytinG. Mackinney and M. A. JoslynCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 1, 231–232Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01858a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01858a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views446Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> during stable state and exacerbations of COPD (2013)

Bacteria are often isolated in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether fungi are also commonly present and associated with clinical and pathological features of disease is uncertain. We investigated the frequency of filamentous fungal culture and IgE sensitisation to Aspergillus fumigatus and the relationship to clinical outcomes in COPD subjects. COPD subjects were recruited to enter a 1-year observational study. Assessments of lung function, allergen testing and sputum analysis for inflammation, bacteria and fungus were undertaken in COPD subjects and healthy smoking and nonsmoking controls. Filamentous fungi were cultured at baseline in 49% (63 out of 128) of COPD subjects, of which 75% (47 out of 63) were A. fumigatus. Fungus was cultured in three out of 22 controls (two were A. fumigatus). The total sputum cell count and inhaled corticosteroid dosage were significantly increased in COPD patients with a positive filamentous fungal culture at baseline (p<0.05). Sensitisation to A. fumigatus was present in 13% of COPD subjects and was associated with worse lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 39% predicted versus 51% predicted; p=0.01), but not related to filamentous fungal culture. A. fumigatus sensitisation is related to poor lung function. Positive filamentous fungal culture is a common feature of COPD. The clinical significance of this remains uncertain.
Rank-Two Relaxation Heuristics for MAX-CUT and Other Binary Quadratic Programs (2002)

The Goemans--Williamson randomized algorithm guarantees a high-quality approximation to the MAX-CUT problem, but the cost associated with such an approximation can be excessively high for large-scale problems due to the need for solving an expensive semidefinite relaxation. In order to achieve better practical performance, we propose an alternative, rank-two relaxation and develop a specialized version of the Goemans--Williamson technique. The proposed approach leads to continuous optimization heuristics applicable to MAX-CUT as well as other binary quadratic programs, for example the MAX-BISECTION problem. A computer code based on the rank-two relaxation heuristics is compared with two state-of-the-art semidefinite programming codes that implement the Goemans--Williamson randomized algorithm, as well as with a purely heuristic code for effectively solving a particular MAX-CUT problem arising in physics. Computational results show that the proposed approach is fast and scalable and, more importantly, attains a higher approximation quality in practice than that of the Goemans--Williamson randomized algorithm. An extension to MAX-BISECTION is also discussed, as is an important difference between the proposed approach and the Goemans--Williamson algorithm; namely, that the new approach does not guarantee an upper bound on the MAX-CUT optimal value.
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN FORMS OF DEAFNESS BY MEANS OF BENZYL CINNAMATE: A PRELIMINARY REPORT (1943)

During the treatment of corneal opacities in 2 patients affected with interstitial keratitis and also with deafness by means of benzyl cinnamate, I noticed that with the regression of the corneal lesions the deafness also seemed to improve. I believed that in all likelihood the deafness was caused in the same way as the corneal lesions. A priori it was possible to suppose that medication efficacious in a chronic inflammatory lesion localized in the cornea should be just as efficacious in an analogous chronic inflammatory lesion localized in the ear. The improvement seemed due to the fact that this medication introduced into the organism through the general circulation lessens exudation, congestion, infiltration and necrotic tissues of chronic inflammatory lesions of diverse nature and location.<sup>1</sup> The first encouraging results obtained with this method of treatment of deafness have been published.<sup>2</sup> Forty-five patients affected with deafness were treated with intramuscular injections of
The lysosomal Ca2+ release channel TRPML1 regulates lysosome size by activating calmodulin (2017)

Intracellular lysosomal membrane trafficking, including fusion and fission, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and normal cell function. Both fusion and fission of lysosomal membrane are accompanied by lysosomal Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. We recently have demonstrated that the lysosomal Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel P2X4 regulates lysosome fusion through a calmodulin (CaM)-dependent mechanism. However, the molecular mechanism underlying lysosome fission remains uncertain. In this study, we report that enlarged lysosomes/vacuoles induced by either vacuolin-1 or P2X4 activation are suppressed by up-regulating the lysosomal Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) but not the lysosomal Na<sup>+</sup> release channel two-pore channel 2 (TPC2). Activation of TRPML1 facilitated the recovery of enlarged lysosomes/vacuoles. Moreover, the effects of TRPML1 on lysosome/vacuole size regulation were eliminated by Ca<sup>2+</sup> chelation, suggesting a requirement for TRPML1-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. We further demonstrate that the prototypical Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor CaM is required for the regulation of lysosome/vacuole size by TRPML1, suggesting that TRPML1 may promote lysosome fission by activating CaM. Given that lysosome fission is implicated in both lysosome biogenesis and reformation, our findings suggest that TRPML1 may function as a key lysosomal Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel controlling both lysosome biogenesis and reformation.
Plastic Deformation of Ceramic‐Oxide Single Crystals (1954)

It was found that plastic deformation takes place in periclase above 1100°C., in rutile above 600°C., and in sapphire above 900°C. The mechanism is slip; in sapphire (0001) is the slip plane and [1120] is the slip directiog. All creep curves for sapphire in tension show the same qualitative features. Each consists of three stages: a stage of increasing creep rate (sometimes called an incubation period), a stage of large but decreasing creep rate (sometimes called first‐stage creep), and a stage of small and nearly constant creep rate (sometimes called second‐stage creep). The so‐called third‐stage creep, characteristic of metal behavior, has not been noted. Plastic deformation increases the electrical resistivity of sapphire at constant temperature.
Quantum Orders in an Exact Soluble Model (2003)

We find all the exact eigenstates and eigenvalues of a spin-1/2 model on square lattice: H=16g Sum S(y)(i)S(x)(i + empty set x)S(y)(i + empty set x + empty set y)S(x)(i + empty set y). We show that the ground states for g < 0 and g > 0 have different quantum orders described by Z2A and Z2B projective symmetry groups. The phase transition at g = 0 represents a new kind of phase transition that changes quantum orders but not symmetry. Both the Z2A and Z2B states contain Z2 lattice gauge theories at low energies. They have robust topologically degenerate ground states and gapless edge excitations.
Heat Transfer in a Cross Flow Nuclear Reactor (1958)

The heat transfer between mutually perpendicular fuel and coolant channels of a nuclear reactor is studied for both isotropic and anisotropic conducting media. By means of an electrical conduction analog, a characteristic length of a unit cell of the reactor is experimentally determined for channels of rectangular and circular cross section. Empirical expressions for this characteristic length are given which closely fit the experimental data. A finite difference calculation is used to determine the temperature distribution within a unit cell.
Percutaneous gallbladder and urinary bladder rotational lithotripsy and a model for gallbladder sclerotherapy after lithotripsy. Clinical and experimental studies. (1993)

In experiments in pigs, fragmentation of stones implanted into the gallbladder and the urinary bladder, respectively, was successfully achieved by mechanical rotational lithotripsy with the Rotolith lithotriptor. The stones could be fragmented into pieces about 1 mm in diameter. Ten patients were selected for percutaneous rotational lithotripsy of gallbladder stones. The procedure was completed in 7 of these 10 patients. Employing a suprapubic approach, the instrument was also used for lithotripsy of urinary bladder stones in 6 male patients. Percutaneous rotational lithotripsy is well suited for elderly patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones and concurrent disease making them high-risk patients for surgery and general anesthesia. Fragmentation of urinary bladder stones in the clinical setting was not as successful as in our experimental series, probably due to the larger volume of the human urinary bladder and the high specific weight of the bladder stones. The feasibility of rotational lithotripsy of urinary bladder stones is conceivable, but when compared with current methods, the use of the Rotolith lithotriptor did not yield any advantage. Ablation of the gallbladder is of great interest to prevent recurrence of cholecystolithiasis after lithotripsy. Rotational lithotripsy of gallbladder stones was performed in an experimental model in 42 pigs to study chemical and thermal sclerotherapy with various agents in edematous gallbladders. A total ablation of the gallbladder mucosa was difficult to effect. Remnants of mucus-producing epithelium persisted in a high percentage of the histologic specimens. Sclerotherapy cannot be considered an effective method for "nonsurgical cholecystectomy."
A Survey of Trends in Non-Volatile Memory Technologies: 2000-2014 (2015)

We present a survey of non-volatile memory technology papers published between 2000 and 2014 in leading journals and conference proceedings in the area of integrated circuit design and semiconductor devices. We present a summary of the data provided in these papers and use that data to model basic aspects of their performance at an architectural level. The full data set and complete bibliography will be published online.
Antihistamines in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (2003)

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder that is exceedingly challenging to treat. A prominent feature of AD is chronic pruritus. Early evidence suggested that pruritus in AD was partially due to mast cell release of histamine. Conversely, recent studies do not validate the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of pruritus. Conventional management continues to include the wide use of antihistamines to treat the persistent itch, however, there is an urgent need for therapy which will reduce the severity of pruritus for these patients. Objective: To review the evidence in the literature for the use of antihistamines in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Methods: A MEDLINE search (1966–2002) was performed to obtain studies examining the use of antihistamines in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Search terms included: atopic dermatitis; eczema; antihistamines; azatadine; brompheniramine; cetirizine; chlorpheniramine; clemastine; cyclizine; cyproheptadine; desloratadine; diphenhydramine; fexofenadine; hydroxyzine; loratadine; meclizine; promethazine; trimeprazine. Further references were gathered from these publications. Results: Historically, antihistamines have been used in the treatment of AD. However, this review shows that the evidence for its use is inconclusive. At present, several antihistamines continue to provide relief of pruritus by central sedation, and they can also be used therapeutically for concomitant allergic conditions associated with AD. More clinical trials examining the therapeutic efficacy of antihistamines, especially with the newer nonsedating antihistamines, are necessary to elucidate their role in the treatment of AD. Conclusion: Dermatologists require additional evidence regarding the efficacy of antihistamines and their mechanism of action in the treatment of AD to enhance patient care.
The potential function of individual signal frequency for masking avoidance in the greater bulldog bat Noctilio leporinus. (2014)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bats using echolocation for orientation in space and for foraging rely on the information provided by the echoes of their emitted signals. In the presence of conspecifics, signals of individuals may overlap in time and frequency and may impede the bats' ability to process their own echo information. It has been proposed that bats may adjust their echolocation signal parameters to minimize the effects of signal overlap. We carried out a field study in Panama, and confronted free-flying greater bulldog bats Noctilio leporinus (Noctilionidae) with playbacks of conspecific search signals that matched the quasi-constant frequency (QCF) signal component of the bats' expected echo. Additionally, we recorded echolocation signals of bats flying in pairs to compare the results of our playback experiments with bats encountering conspecifics under natural conditions. Noctilio leporinus did not shift the main frequency of its QCF components, neither when confronted with our playbacks nor in the presence of conspecifics. We discuss modifications of signal parameters and foraging behavior as strategies to avoid masking situations in N. leporinus.
On Reputation and Data-centric Misbehavior Detection Mechanisms for VANET (2011)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) is a class of ad hoc networks build to ensure the safety of traffic. This is important because accidents claim many lives. Trust and security remain a major concern in VANET since a simple mistake can have catastrophic consequence. A crucial point in VANET is how to trust the information transmitted when the neighboring vehicles are rapidly changing and moving in and out of range. Current reputation systems for VANET try to establish trust between entities, which might not be required for practical scenarios. Due to the ephemeral nature of VANET, reputation schemes for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) cannot be applied to VANET. In this thesis, we point out several limitations of reputation trust management schemes for VANET. In particular, we identify the problem of information cascading and oversampling, which commonly arise in social networks. Oversampling is a situation in which a node observing two or more nodes, takes into consideration both their opinions equally without knowing that they might have influenced each other in decision making. We show that simple voting for decision making, leads to oversampling. We propose a solution to overcome this problem in VANET. We also suggest new ways to merge reputation schemes with misbehavior detection schemes to establish a trustworthy VANET.