gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging fractures and sedimentary fabrics using shear wave splitting measurements made on passive seismic data (2009)

SUMMARY The ability to detect aligned fractures using seismic anisotropy provides a valuable tool for exploiting hydrocarbon reservoirs better. Perhaps the most direct way of identifying anisotropy is by observing shear wave splitting. However, the interaction of shear waves with subsurface structure is often complicated. Although fractures in hydrocarbon reservoirs are usually subvertical, shear waves recorded on downhole receivers from microseismic events in or near the reservoir are not likely to have travelled vertically. As such, interpreting splitting measurements made on such waves is a non-trivial problem. Here we develop an approach to model the effects of subsurface structure on non-vertically propagating shear waves. Rock physics theory is used to model the effects of sedimentary fabrics as well as fractures, allowing us to use shear wave splitting measurements to invert for aligned fractures. We use synthetic examples to demonstrate how it is possible to assess in advance how well splitting measurements will image structures, and how this is highly dependent on the available range of ray coverage. Finally, we demonstrate the inversion technique on a passive seismic data set collected during hydraulic fracture stimulation. Despite an unfavourable source–receiver geometry, the strike of an aligned fracture set is accurately identified.
Multiple change-point detection for non-stationary time series using Wild Binary Segmentation (2017)

We propose a new technique for consistent estimation of the number and locations of the change-points in the second-order structure of a time series. The core of the segmentation procedure is the Wild Binary Segmentation method(WBS), a technique which involves a certain randomised mechanism. The advantage of WBS over the standard Binary Segmentation lies in its localisation feature, thanks to which it works in cases where the spacings between change-points are short. In addition, we do not restrict the total number of change-points a time series can have. We also ameliorate the performance of our method by combining the CUSUM statistics obtained at different scales of the wavelet periodogram, our main change-point detection statistic, which allows a rigorous estimation of the local autocovariance of a piecewise-stationary process. We provide a simulation study to examine the performance of our method for different types of scenarios. A proof of consistency is also provided. Our methodology is implemented in the R package wbsts, available from CRAN.
Oncogene transfection of mink lung cells: effect on growth characteristics in vitro and in vivo. (1991)

Three sublines have been derived from the parental line Mv1Lu by transfection with normal and mutated Ha-ras, and myc oncogenes, and subsequent cloning. All the oncogenes have increased the growth rate of the cell in vitro, increased their plating efficiency in monolayer and suspension, and reduced their serum dependence. Growth in vivo as xenografts in nude mice has also been increased. Very few tumours were generated from the parental line and those that did form did so after a prolonged lag period, while the transfected lines produced tumours with 100% efficiency, and a short lag period. In general the effects of ras transfection were more extreme, with the highest growth rates and plating efficiencies in vitro and the shortest lag period and doubling times in vivo. There was no increase in plasminogen activator activity as a result of transfection, and the invasive behaviour of the lines in organotypic culture was broadly similar.
Yap1 Accumulates in the Nucleus in Response to Carbon Stress in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Yap1 is a transcription factor of the AP-1 family that is required for the adaptive response to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We recovered Yap1 in a two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with the Sip2 subunit of the Snf1 protein kinase, which is required for the adaptation of cells to glucose limitation. Yap1 becomes enriched in the nucleus when cells are subjected to oxidative stress. We show that the localization of Yap1 is similarly sensitive to carbon stress. When glucose-grown cells were shifted to medium containing glycerol or no added carbon source, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Yap1 accumulated in the nucleus. After adaptation to growth in glycerol, GFP-Yap1 was again primarily cytoplasmic. Nuclear accumulation was independent of respiration and of the Snf1, PKA, TOR, and Yak1 pathways, and the mechanism is distinct from that involved in the response to hydrogen peroxide. Addition of glutathione to the medium inhibited nuclear accumulation of GFP-Yap1 in response to carbon stress but did not affect the relocalization of Gal83 or Mig1. Other stresses such as increased temperature, acidic pH, and ionic stress did not cause nuclear enrichment of GFP-Yap1. These findings suggest a role for Yap1 in the response to carbon stress.
Optimal list order under partial memory constraints (1980)

Suppose that we are given a set of n elements which are to be arranged in some order. At each unit of time a request is made to retrieve one of these elements — the ith being requested with probability P i . We show that the rule which always moves the requested element one closer to the front of the line minimizes the average position of the element requested among a wide class of rules for all probability vectors of the form P 1 = p, P 2 = · ·· = P n = (1 – p )/( n − 1). We also consider the above problem when the decision-maker is allowed to utilize such rules as ‘only make a change if the same element has been requested k times in a row', and show that as k approaches infinity we can do as well as if we knew the values of the P i .
Good encodable irregular quasi-cyclic LDPC codes (2008)

The existing encodable irregular LDPC codes may have a degraded BER performance when it is derived from classical regular QC LDPC codes since both girth property and weight property are not carefully given attention to two or more thing, which lead to some codes with large girths have small minimum weights and poor BER performance. To solve the problem, we propose a new approach to construct the encodable irregular QC codes, which can not produce new short girths and can keep the large minimum weight and minimum distance of the codes. The theorems of girth 4 and girth 6 are provided to test the girth variance of the obtained irregular QC codes. Simulations verify the construction of the QC LDPC codes to be valid, since better BER performance than that of existing encodable irregular LDPC codes is obtained.
Overexpression Models: Lentiviral Modeling of Brain Cancer (2013)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and most malignant of the brain tumors. Gliomas can be classified into four different grades according to their histologic characteristics; the most aggressive of the gliomas is glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV). Despite optimal treatment, the median survival is only 12 to 15 months. In the past few years, important advances were made in understanding the biology and pathology of malignant gliomas. A mouse model of brain tumors using inducible lentiviral vectors is described here. In this approach, a lenti-vector with loxP sites flanking the gene of interest (oncogene) is injected into mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a brain-specific promoter. The steps to perform cell-type/region-specific injection of Cre-loxP-controlled lentiviral vectors in the brain of adult mice are described here in detail. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:121-139 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Travel distance estimation and storage zone optimization in a 2-block class-based storage strategy warehouse (2005)

Order picking has been considered as the most critical operation in warehousing. Recent trends in logistics demand faster but more reliable order picking systems. The efficiency of an order picking process greatly depends on the storage policy used, i.e. where products are located within the warehouse. In this paper, we deal with the most popular storage policy that is class-based (or ABC) storage strategy. Particularly, we investigate the problem of determining the optimal storage boundaries (zones) of classes in each aisle for manually operated warehouses. We first propose a probabilistic model that enables us to estimate the average travel distance of a picking tour. We found that the differences between results obtained from simulation and the model were slight. Using the average travel distance as the objective function, we present a mathematical formulation for the storage zone optimization problem. However, the exact approach can handle only small size warehouse instances. To circumvent this obstacle, we propose a heuristic for the problem. Numerical examples we conducted show that the heuristic performs very well in all the cases
A conceptual solution for representing time in data warehouse dimensions (2006)

Data Warehouses (DWs) use an omnipresent time dimension for keeping track of changes in measure values. However, this dimension cannot be used to model changes in other dimensions. On the other hand, Temporal Databases (TDBs) have been successfully used for modelling time-varying information. Bringing together these two research areas, leading to Temporal Data Warehouses (TDWs), provides the necessary solutions for managing time-varying data in dimensions. In this paper, we introduce temporal extensions for the MultiDimER model, a conceptual multidimensional model. In our model we allow the inclusion of valid and transaction time, which are obtained from source systems, in addition to the data warehouse loading time. Our model allows a conceptual representation of time-varying levels, attributes, and hierarchies. For the latter, we discuss different cases depending on whether the changes in levels affect the relationships between them. Copyright © 2006, Australian Computer Society, Inc.
Reversible and High‐Capacity Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries (2009)

Abstract Reversible nanostructured electrode materials are at the center of research relating to rechargeable lithium batteries, which require high power, high capacity, and high safety. The higher capacities and higher rate capabilities for the nanostructured electrode materials than for the bulk counterparts can be attributed to the higher surface area, which reduces the overpotential and allows faster reaction kinetics at the electrode surface. These electrochemical enhancements can lead to versatile potential applications of the batteries and can provide breakthroughs for the currently limited power suppliers of mobile electronics. This Feature Article describes recent research advances on nanostructured cathode and anode materials, such as metals, metal oxides, metal phosphides and LiCoO 2 , LiNi 1– x M x O 2 with zero‐, one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional morphologies.
건강 관련 메시지에 대한 제3자 효과 연구 (2009)

본 연구에서는 다이어트와 비만에 관련된 메시지의 효과를 제3자 효과 가설을 통해 살펴보았다. 건강 관련 메시지의 효과를 측정하고, 효과의 크기에 영향을 주는 변인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 설문조사를 실시하여 다이어트/비만 예방캠페인 광고와 패스트푸드 광고에 대한 효과를 분석한 결과, 두 가지 광고 모두에서 제3자 효과가 나타났다. 이는 자신이 다른 사람들보다 더 건강하며, 더욱 건강을 유지하기 위해 노력할 것이라는 인지된 편향에서 기인한 것이다. 한편 사회적 거리감에 따라 제3자 효과의 크기가 다르게 나타날 것이라는 가설은 본 연구 결과에서 검증되지 못했다. 그리고 메시지에 대한 관여도에 따라 제3자 효과의 차이가 있을 것이라는 가설은 관여도가 높은 집단이 관여도가 낮은 집단과 달리 다이어트/비만 예방 메시지에 대해 제3자 효과가 나타나지 않았으므로 부분적으로 지지되었다. 또한 메시지의 질 평가에 따라 제3자 효과가 다르게 나타날 것이라는 가설도 다이어트/비만 예방 메시지를 높게 평가한 집단에서 제3자 효과가 발생하지 않아 부분적으로 지지되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 다이어트/비만 예방 메시지와 패스트푸드 광고에 대해 제3자 효과가 발생함을 확인할 수 있었고, 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대하여 실증적으로 분석할 수 있었다.
Population frequency, mutation linkage and analytical methodology for the Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu and Thr164Ile polymorphisms in the <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>‐adrenergic receptor among Turks (1999)

Obviously there are interethnic differences in functionally relevant B2AR variants which may have implications for drug treatment and disease susceptibility.
Role of lipopolysaccharide in opsonization and phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1985)

When the opsonization of various Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains--PAC 1, its O-chain-deficient mutant PAC 605, and an intermediate strain, P14--was measured either directly by determination of the amount of C3b attached to the bacterial surface or indirectly by assessing phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the responses of chemiluminescence, it was demonstrated that PAC 1 was opsonized and phagocytized to a lower extent than P14 and PAC 605. In contrast to PAC 605, PAC 1 showed an increased consumption of complement in the fluid phase and a rapid release of lipopolysaccharide antibodies bound to the bacterial surface due to the alternative pathway of the complement system. Furthermore, it was shown that with respect to PAC 1 and PAC 605, the lack of an O-chain resulted in increased sensitivity to serum and decreased virulence. From both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we concluded that the structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide is an important virulence factor of P. aeruginosa against the defense mechanisms of the host.
In-car usage-based insurance feedback strategies. A comparative driving simulator study (2015)

Usage-Based Insurances (UBI) enable policyholders to actively reduce the impact of vehicle insurance costs by adopting a safer and more eco-friendly driving style. UBI is especially relevant for younger drivers, who are a high-risk population. The effectiveness of UBI should be enhanced by providing in-car feedback optimised for individual drivers. Thirty young novice drivers were therefore invited to complete six experimental drives with an in-car interface that provided real-time information on rewards gained, their driving behaviour and the speed limit. Reward size was either displayed directly in euro, indirectly as a relatively large amount of credits, or as a percentage of the maximum available bonus. Also, interfaces were investigated that provided partial information to reduce the potential for driver distraction. Compared to a control no-UBI condition, behaviour improved similarly across interfaces, suggesting that interface personalisation after an initial familiarisation period could be feasible without compromising feedback effectiveness. Practitioner Summary: User experiences and effects on driving behaviour of six in-car interfaces were compared. The interface provided information on driving behaviour and rewards in a UBI setting. Results suggest that some personalisation of interfaces may be an option after an initial familiarisation period as driving behaviour improved similarly across interfaces.
Optimized linear discriminant analysis for extracting robust speech features (2008)

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a feature selection method in speech recognition. LDA finds transformations that maximizes the between-class scatter and minimizes within-class scatter. This transformation can be obtained in a class-dependent or class independent manner. In this paper, we propose a method to use class-dependent LDA for speech recognition and MFCC extraction. In addition, we propose a multidimensional genetic algorithm to optimize class- dependent LDA transformation matrix for robust MFCC extraction. For this purpose, we first use logarithm of clean speech Mel filter bank energies (LMFE) of each class to define within-class scatter and between-class scatter . Next, we obtain class-dependent LDA transformation matrix using multidimensional genetic algorithm (MGA) and use this matrix in place of DCT in MFCC feature extraction. The experimental results show that proposed speech recognition and optimization methods using class-dependent LDA, achieves to a significant isolated word recognition rate on Aurora2 database.
A multi‐center, multinational age‐ and gender‐adjusted normative dataset for immunofluorescent intraepidermal nerve fiber density at the distal leg (2015)

An age- and gender-adjusted normative dataset for IENF density at the lateral distal lower leg obtained with indirect immunofluorescence is presented for the first time by sharing data from four experienced laboratories worldwide. This dataset can be used as reference for laboratories processing skin biopsies with this technique.
Pain experience and pain management among hospitalized cancer patients. A clinical study (1989)

This study examines the nature, pattern, and consequences of pain experienced by cancer patients, both during hospitalization and during the immediate posthospitalization period. Of the 240 hospitalized cancer patients screened, 45% were found to be in pain. Although 59% of these patients had found ways to reduce their pain, nearly one third reported being seriously limited in their daily activities. Sleep disorder and mood disturbance also were related to the experience of pain. Applied pain management strategies were rated by two physicians as inadequate in 54% of cases. The most frequent recommendation for improved pain management was an increase in the dosage or a change in the class of analgesics. The importance of periodic assessment of pain and its consequences, both physical and psychological, is discussed in light of increasing the level of information available to physicians and patients regarding appropriate approaches to pain management.
Vascular Access for Dialysis in the Elderly (2002)

Autologous access is the best angioaccess for dialysis also in older patients and can be performed in most patients without a previous permanent access. Yet, we observed in our experience that more grafts were needed in patients older than 65 years.
Etude comparative de la scission de divers groupes de blocage de la fonction α‐amino des acides aminés (1953)

Abstract The scission of ten α‐amino protecting groups under several conditions has been comparatively studied.
Structure and sequence of an intronless gene for human casein kinase II‐α subunit (1993)

Using sixteen different primers based on the cDNA sequence of the human casein kinase II-alpha subunit, different fragments of this gene were amplified by PCR from human genomic DNA. The sizes of these fragments were identical to amplified cDNA, which suggests the existence of an intronless genomic gene. The amplification was carried out on whole blood genomic DNA from three different individuals. The total sequence of the amplified casein kinase II-alpha gene showed more than 99% homology to the cDNA. The gene contains a noninterrupted open reading frame, as expected for the homolog cDNA. Although the gene sequence is complete, four point mutations were found. Since there are no interruptions of the open reading frame, this intronless gene might be expressed.
Performance Accuracy of Antibacterial and Antifungal Susceptibility Test Methods: Report From the College of American Pathologists Microbiology Surveys Program (2001–2003) (2006)

Susceptibility tests were generally performing satisfactorily as measured by the surveys, but serious errors were identified with some drug/organism combinations that may require action by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and/or the Food and Drug Administration.
The State of the Art in Fuel Cell Condition Monitoring and Maintenance (2010)

Fuel cell vehicles are considered to be a viable solution to problems such as carbon emissions and fuel shortages for road transport. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells are mainly used in this purpose because they can run at low temperatures and have a simple structure. Yet to make this technology commercially viable, there are still many hurdles to overcome. Apart from the high cost of fuel cell systems, high maintenance costs and short lifecycle are two main issues need to be addressed. The main purpose of this paper is to review the issues affecting the reliability and lifespan of fuel cells and present the state of the art in fuel cell condition monitoring and maintenance. The Structure of PEM fuel cell is introduced and examples of its application in a variety of applications are presented. The fault modes including membrane flooding/drying, fuel/gas starvation, physical defects of membrane, and catalyst poisoning are listed and assessed for their impact. Then the relationship between causes, faults, symptoms and long term implications of fault conditions are summarized. Finally the state of the art in PEM fuel cell condition monitoring and maintenance is reviewed and conclusions are drawn regarding suggested maintenance strategies and the optimal structure for an integrated, cost effective condition monitoring and maintenance management system.
The Presence of Mucosal Iron in the Fallopian Tube Supports the “Incessant Menstruation Hypothesis” for Ovarian Carcinoma (2013)

The incessant ovulation hypothesis for the etiology of ovarian carcinoma has been accepted for decades, but recent evidence strongly implicates the fallopian tube mucosa as the source of most high-grade "ovarian serous carcinomas." Menstrual reflux through the tubes, a normal phenomenon, is a putative source of tubal mucosal exposure to carcinogens. We searched for histologic evidence of deposition of iron, a well-recognized carcinogen, in the fallopian tubes in 196 women with advanced-stage high-grade pelvic serous carcinomas in comparison with 370 controls. Tubal hemosiderin and/or pseudoxanthoma cells were found in 20% of the serous carcinoma cases, and an iron stain was positive in 30% of a sample of pigment-negative cases. Controls displayed pigment in 5% (P<0.001). In both cases and controls, pigment was significantly more frequently present in women with endometriosis as compared with those without. We conclude that tubal mucosal iron is present in a significant proportion of women with advanced-stage high-grade pelvic serous carcinoma. As a carcinogen, iron may play a role in the pathogenesis of these tumors. As compared with the incessant ovulation hypothesis, the recently proposed "incessant menstruation hypothesis" may be a better explanation of the well-recognized association of ovarian carcinoma with the length of the reproductive life uninterrupted by pregnancy.