gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Direct measure of the de novo mutation rate in autism and schizophrenia cohorts. (2010)

The role of de novo mutations (DNMs) in common diseases remains largely unknown. Nonetheless, the rate of de novo deleterious mutations and the strength of selection against de novo mutations are critical to understanding the genetic architecture of a disease. Discovery of high-impact DNMs requires substantial high-resolution interrogation of partial or complete genomes of families via resequencing. We hypothesized that deleterious DNMs may play a role in cases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), two etiologically heterogeneous disorders with significantly reduced reproductive fitness. We present a direct measure of the de novo mutation rate (μ) and selective constraints from DNMs estimated from a deep resequencing data set generated from a large cohort of ASD and SCZ cases (n = 285) and population control individuals (n = 285) with available parental DNA. A survey of ∼430 Mb of DNA from 401 synapse-expressed genes across all cases and 25 Mb of DNA in controls found 28 candidate DNMs, 13 of which were cell line artifacts. Our calculated direct neutral mutation rate (1.36 × 10(-8)) is similar to previous indirect estimates, but we observed a significant excess of potentially deleterious DNMs in ASD and SCZ individuals. Our results emphasize the importance of DNMs as genetic mechanisms in ASD and SCZ and the limitations of using DNA from archived cell lines to identify functional variants.2010 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 20797689
Reply to Comment on ‘‘Experimental test of the Anderson–Mott transition model for excitation transport’’ (1980)

It is argued that the critical electronic energy transfer EET concentrations observed in naphthalene2,4 are not accounted for by the Klafler and Fortner1,3,5 models of an Anderson transition. (AIP)
Dynamics of laser sputtering of the hydroxyl radical from calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and sucrose samples (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamics of laser sputtering of the hydroxyl radical from calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and sucrose samplesJ. Villanueva, S. Jodeh, Subhash Deshmukh, and G. P. ReckCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 45, 11731–11737Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100147a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100147a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
On the objectivity, reliability, and validity of deep learning enabled bioimage analyses (2020)

Bioimage analysis of fluorescent labels is widely used in the life sciences. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) allow automating time-consuming manual image analysis processes based on annotated training data. However, manual annotation of fluorescent features with a low signal-to-noise ratio is somewhat subjective. Training DL models on subjective annotations may be instable or yield biased models. In turn, these models may be unable to reliably detect biological effects. An analysis pipeline integrating data annotation, ground truth estimation, and model training can mitigate this risk. To evaluate this integrated process, we compared different DL-based analysis approaches. With data from two model organisms (mice, zebrafish) and five laboratories, we show that ground truth estimation from multiple human annotators helps to establish objectivity in fluorescent feature annotations. Furthermore, ensembles of multiple models trained on the estimated ground truth establish reliability and validity. Our research provides guidelines for reproducible DL-based bioimage analyses.
ROM size reduction with low processing cost for direct digital frequency synthesis (2002)

A novel sine amplitude compression technique is presented for application in low-power direct digital frequency synthesizers. It is based on a systematic approach aimed at exploiting as much redundancy as possible between the value of a phase angle and its sine amplitude. It is shown that a compression ratio of approximately 19.3 is attained, saving four bits of storage per word. The new technique compares favorably with previous designs in that better storage reduction is accomplished at low processing cost. The technique can be used in conjunction with traditional approaches for even greater area and power reduction. A new direct digital frequency synthesizer architecture based on the technique is presented.
Cryostat insert with gas loading capabilities for use in neutron diffraction studies (2000)

We describe a versatile insert for use with the “Standard Orange cryostat” commonly found at neutron scattering facilities worldwide. Its design permits condensable gases to be introduced into a low-temperature sample cell through a vacuum-insulated, fill-line capillary. It also allows the top-flange-to-sample-cell distance to be easily adjusted and provides for auxillary heating of the fill-line capillary.
Development of Multi-Functional Voltage Restore System (2009)

Recently, with the dawn of the electric deregulation, the installation of distributed generation with power electronics device has grown. This current causes a greater concern of power quality, primarily voltage disturbance for power companies, and their interest in power quality is peaking. Utilities are also interested in keeping their customers satisfied, as well as keeping them on-line and creating more revenue for the utility. As a countermeasure against the above surroundings, a variety type of devices based on power electronics has been developed to protect customers' load from power line voltage disturbance. One of them is the series type voltage restore. The series device is an active device, designed to provide a pure sinusoidal load voltage at all times, correcting voltage disturbance. Series type device compensates for voltage anomalies by inserting the ‘missing’ voltage onto the line through insertion transformer and inverter. This paper shows the setting guideline of target level to compensate voltage disturbance, that is, voltage dip, voltage harmonics, voltage imbalance and voltage flicker, and the design approach of the prototype of series voltage restores to accomplish the required compensation level. The prototype system gives satisfactory compensation performance through evaluation tests, which confirm the validity and effectiveness of the system.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry of Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Part 12. Photoelectron Spectra, Electronic Structures, and Conformational Properties of (E)‐Stilbene, Styrylthiophenes, and (Thienylethenyl)pyridines. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fastest Mixing Markov Chain on a Path (2006)

(2006). Fastest Mixing Markov Chain on a Path. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 70-74.
Pharmacological and human studies with a highly potent opioid peptide, D-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide. (1989)

D-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide (DMPEA) is an opioid peptide having analgesic activity in animals more potent after intravenous administration than morphine. It is less toxic but in animals it showed a higher dependence capacity than morphine. Besides analgesia DMPEA produces in rodent behavioral symptoms similar to those evoked by morphine or beta-endorphin, resembling the actions of neuroleptica. In human trials DMPEA was found to produce unpleasant sensations, no euphoria, and sometimes even dysphoria. DMPEA increases the serum levels of prolactin, growth hormone and, to a less extent, of TSH. Those effect of DMPEA on pituitary hormones. Finally, the human studies indicated that DMPEA antagonized pain (measured with the submaximum effort tourniquet technique), but did not affect adversely and even improved attention and short-term memory; it had no effect on the long-term memory. As the subjective effects of DMPEA are not pleasant, and no patient desired to obtain another treatment, some optimism as to low habit-forming properties of DMPEA may be justified.
Vaccination against Vibrio (Campylobacter) fetus infection in sheep in late pregnancy (1975)

A single injection of vaccine containing disrupted formol-killed Vibrio (campylobacter) fetus var intestinalis serotype V was shown to give good protection against abortion from an oral challenge of the same serotype administered simultaneously. Protection was also afforded by vaccination at the time of the first abortion in sheep infected orally one month previously. These results suggest that vaccination subsequent to an abortion might be of value in preventing a proportion of further abortions.
Unification and harmonization in true color image city map (2007)

True color image city map is a sort of new-style map which combines the high resolution image and map symbols and shows both advantages in visualization. At the same time, the map unification and harmonization should be taken into account during the design process, since some visual conflicts appear when map symbols overlaid on the true color image. The objective of this research is to explore the rules in the process of true color image city map design based on chromatic and aesthetic knowledge. At the end, taking the Image Atlas of Guangzhou as an example, image color adjustment, road network presentation, and symbol designing issues will be discussed in the application.
Dual-band asymmetry chiral metamaterial based on planar spiral structure (2012)

A dual-band asymmetric chiral metamaterial is constructed by using two pairs of planar spiral structures with a certain twisted angle. Numerical simulation results show that when a y-polarized wave is incident on the chiral metamaterial the left circularly polarized wave is emitted at 12.25 GHz and 15.57 GHz, while right circularly polarized wave is excited at 13.9 GHz and 16.86 GHz. The measured transmissions are higher than −2.4 dB, and the absolute values of the transmission differences between the right and left circularly polarized waves exceed 15 dB at the four frequencies, which agree well with the simulated results.
Interaction of rhodium(I) with cyclopropenones: decarbonylation and formation of 1-rhodacyclopentene-2,5-diones and cationic oxygen .sigma.-bound cyclopropenone complexes. X-ray crystal structure of trans-carbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)(di-tert-butylcyclopropenone)rhodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of rhodium(I) with cyclopropenones: decarbonylation and formation of 1-rhodacyclopentene-2,5-diones and cationic oxygen .sigma.-bound cyclopropenone complexes. X-ray crystal structure of trans-carbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)(di-tert-butylcyclopropenone)rhodium trifluoromethanesulfonateLinsheng Song, Atta M. Arif, and Peter J. StangCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 10, 2792–2797Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00160a029https://doi.org/10.1021/om00160a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Investigation into the Nature of Non-Voiding Contractions Resulting from Detrusor Hyperreflexia in Neurogenic Bladders Following Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Abstract : The purpose of this project is to determine the cause behind non-voiding contractions (NVC) of the bladder seen with filling following suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI). The most significant findings over the course of the past year have been that NVC in chronic SCI are accompanied by intra-abdominal pressure increases resulting from abdominal wall contraction. The temporal relationship appears to be that of either the abdominal pressure rise beginning just prior to, or simultaneously with, the bladder pressure rise, These results, therefore, strongly suggesting that these abdominal wall-mediated abdominal pressure rises either cause NVC, or arise from the same mass reflex event as the NVC.
Claudicatio intermittens, palpable Purpura und Livedo reticularis bei einem 65-jährigen Patienten (2010)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Fully differential, high-speed current-mode controlled dividers designed using modular approach (2003)

This paper presents the technique of current mode switching in designing differential dividers for high-speed operation. Two dividers with fixed dividing ratios and a programmable divider are described to show the improvement in speed and noise performance by using current mode control and differential structure. Best performances can be obtained by optimizing parasitic. Dividers and logic gates have been designed in a modular fashion so that any dividing ratio can be obtained.
Examination of Dynamic Facilitation in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Glass-Forming Liquids (2005)

Using data from molecular dynamics computer simulations of the one-component Dzugutov liquid and of BKS silica in metastable equilibrium supercooled states, we examine ideas introduced by Garrahan and Chandler (GC) in their dynamic facilitation (DF) model of the glass transition. Utilizing a recently introduced measure of DF, we find that DF is important for particle motion in both the supercooled Dzugutov liquid and in the BKS silica melt, that mobility propagates continuously, and that this effect becomes increasingly pronounced with decreasing T. We show that, in both systems, dynamic facilitation is strongest on the time scale of the late-beta relaxation, where clusters of highly mobile neighboring particles escaping from their cages are largest and, except for the silicon atoms in BKS silica, stringlike motion is most prominent. By comparing the two systems, we show that the temperature dependence of one measure of DF as the mode-coupling temperature is approached from high temperature is similar, once the temperature dependence of the structural relaxation time in each system is scaled out.
Application of Loop Shaping H-infinity Control to Diesel Engine Anti-Oscillation Strategy (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The control of fuel delivery to minimize drivetrain oscillations is a major benefit to vehicle refinement and driveability. This paper describes the application of robust H-infinity loop-shaping control to the speed-fuel control loop. A one-degree-of-freedom controller structure (feedback only) is examined and applied to a small passenger car. Using careful implementation, the control algorithm is of low order and efficient requiring only limited microprocessor resources.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The robust controller gives excellent performance when operated synchronously to engine rotation, where the dynamics become speed-dependent. Alternatively it can be operated satisfactorily at a fixed sample rate, asynchronous to engine rotation. The design is found to be eminently suitable for production.</div>
<title>Multilevel nematic liquid crystal phase gratings</title> (2001)

Planar-aligned nematic liquid crystals cells with an array of parallel electrodes can perform phase modulation with profiles going from binary to blazed gratings. A nematic liquid crystal with high birefringence (BL006) allows reducing the thickness of liquid crystal cells and thus reducing switching times. But the discrete electrodes and the small thickness have negative consequences on the shape of the phase profile. Liquid crystal phase gratings with 192 separately controlled electrodes were fabricated. The electrode distances and widths were 3 or 4 micrometers at a cell thickness of 6 micrometers . Perpendicular and parallel alignment of the liquid crystal with respect to the electrode grating were investigated. Far field diffraction measurements and phase measurements with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer were performed to characterize the gratings. The director distribution was modeled in 2 dimension and the resulting phase profiles were calculated with a Jones matrix method. It allows a comparison with the measurements. It was found that in the liquid crystal grating cell the in- plane electric field has a large influence on the optical properties. The in-plane electric field between the high- and low-voltage electrodes forms an unfavorable director deformation that limits the diffraction efficiency to approximately 65% for linear polarized light. Both, the measured and the simulated phase profiles, show a typical structure where valleys appear and worsen the optical performances. The optimization of such a grating is a compromise of large thickness, that smooths the valley structures, and small thickness, that reduces the in-plane switching effect and the switching time.
Placental Control of Ovarian Immunoreactive Relaxin Secretion in the Pregnant Rat* (1981)

To investigate the control mechanisms for the secretion of relaxin in pregnant rats, the effects of the fetus, placenta, and uterus were studied. Plasma immunoreactive relaxin and progesterone were measured in pregnant rats, from days 8-1 post partum. On day 16 of pregnancy, groups of animals were subjected to removal of the fetuses, conceptuses (fetuses and placentae), or uteri. To determine whether there are extraovarian sources of circulating relaxin, a group of pregnant rats was ovariectomized on day 16. Immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable in the plasma of pregnant rats before day 10, and increased to a mean concentration of 0.52 ± 0.01 (SEM) ng/ml on day 13. In control animals, immunoreactive relaxin levels remained at about this concentration throughout the remainder of pregnancy and declined rapidly post partum. The pattern of secretion of relaxin in fetectomized animals was similar to that in controls. In contrast, a significant decline in immunoreactive relaxin was seen, within 24 h after surgery, in those animals in which removal of the conceptuses or hysterectomy was performed. In these animals, immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable within 48 h after surgery and remained undetectable throughout the experimental period. In animals that were ovariectomized, immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable 24 h after surgery. Progesterone secretion in animals that had fetectomy or removal of the conceptuses performed was similar to that in controls. These groups showed a significant decline in progesterone on day 17 of pregnancy, and progesterone continued to decline until day 1 post partum. Progesterone in hysterectomized animals declined more abruptly than in either controls or other experimental groups. Ovariectomy resulted in a prompt fall in plasma progesterone. These results indicate that in the rat, the fetus is not needed for the maintenance of relaxin secretion throughout pregnancy, the placenta controls the ovarian secretion of relaxin, the uterus does not exert a tropic effect upon relaxin secretion, no extraovarian sources of circulating relaxin exist in the rat, and there is a divergence between progesterone and relaxin secretion during rat pregnancy.
Reaction of N-(butoxymethyl)dialkylamines and N,N'-Methylenebis(dialkylamine)s with N-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)dialkylamines. (1976)

We have now found that reactions of N-dialkylaminomethyl-dialkylamines and -imide, and O-dialkylaminomethyl ethers with N-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl) dialkylamines result in electrophilic substitution at α and α'positions of the enamine to give N-(2-dialkylaminomethyl-6-methylene-1-cyclohexen-1-yl) dialkylamines. Features and generalization of the reactions are described.
Thermal and economic analysis of plastic heat exchangers for solar water heating (1999)

The feasibility of polymer heat exchangers for solar water heaters is examined in terms of thermal performance and cost of tube-in-shell and immersed designs. High temperature nylon and cross-linked polyethylene were identified as suitable polymers for this application. These materials can meet the high temperature and pressure requirements of a domestic potable hot water system. The heat exchanger designs are compared for heat transfer area required to provide 3,000 and 6,000 W. A nylon tube-in-shell heat exchanger, sized for a 3,000 W load, is approximately 80% of the cost of a copper tube-in-shell heat exchanger. For an immersed heat exchanger, a high temperature nylon tube bank design has the lowest cost. The nylon tube bank heat exchanger, sized for a 3,000 W load, is approximately 80% the cost of an immersed coiled copper tube heat exchanger.
Miniature wide-spectrum mode sorter for vortex beams produced by 3D laser printing (2017)

Optical vortex beams can be used as carriers of information in optical communication and quantum optics applications. Owing to their spatial orthogonality, these beams can be multiplexed and demultiplexed, but up until now this was primarily achieved by bulky and large devices. In this work, a new approach is used to fabricate miniature vortex mode sorters based on three-dimensional laser printing, thereby enabling direct integration into optical systems. Mode sorters that are composed of two separate elements as well as a single integrated device are presented. These devices can handle both pure and mixed vortex beams with topological charge |l|≤3 and |l|≤2 for the dual-element device and integrated system, respectively. Mode-sorter spectral bandwidth and surface-quality effects are also discussed.