gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insurance Coverage and Care of Patients with Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (2006)

NSTE ACS patients with Medicaid (but not Medicare) as the primary payer were less likely to receive evidence-based therapies and had worse outcomes than patients with HMO or private insurance as the primary payer. The causes of these treatment differences and solutions for narrowing the gaps in quality require further investigation.
Vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (VAD) administered as rapid intravenous infusion for first‐line treatment in untreated multiple myeloma (1999)

We examined the feasibility of achieving a rapid response in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma by administering vincristine 0.4 mg and doxorubicin 9 mg/m2 as a rapid intravenous infusion for 4 d together with intermittent high-dose dexamethasone 40 mg (VAD) for remission induction treatment in patients who were scheduled to receive high-dose therapy. 139 patients (86 male, 53 female; median age 53 years, range 32-65 years; Durie & Salmon stage IIA: 42, IIB: one, IIIA: 89, IIIB: seven) were included in a prospective multicentre study in which VAD was administered as remission induction treatment and was followed by intensified treatment. The response was evaluated according to the criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). The results of treatment were evaluable in 134 patients. Five patients died before evaluation. 86 patients (62%) achieved a partial response (PR) and seven patients (5%) achieved a complete response (CR), which equates to a response rate of 67%. The main side-effect was mild neurotoxicity, which was observed in 18% of the patients. Fever or infections were reported in 27% of the patients. VAD administered as an outpatient regimen, based on rapid intravenous infusion, is an effective induction regimen for untreated myeloma with a 67% response rate and acceptable toxicity.
THE IMPACT OF WHEAT VARIETIES AND FUNGICIDE APPLICATION, DURING WHEAT CULTIVATION, ON PLEUROTUS GROWTH ON STRAW (2011)

Several wheat varieties are grown in Israel according to their different features. Fungicides for plant protection are applied when rust disease is expected. Wheat straw was taken from an experiment plot that studied the impact of the fungicide Cyproconazole on the performance of 15 wheat varieties. The impact of fungicide application to the wheat, on Pleurotus growth on the straw was found to be variety dependent. Significant differences were found between fungal growth on straw of different varieties. Fungal mycelium growth was harmed on straw from fungicide treated plots, of 7 wheat varieties. Mushroom yields were higher on straw from untreated plots, of the 2 tested varieties. Therefore wheat straw suitability for mushroom cultivation is not obvious. Quality control of wheat for mushroom production should include: The impact of wheat variety and fungicide treatments during wheat cultivation.
The DS1 hyper-extended mission (2002)

The Primary Mission for Deep Space (DS1) was to demonstrate 12 new technologies one of which was the Ion Propulsion System (IPS). After successfully completing its primary mission, DS1 was given a new mission. The objective of this Extended Mission was to fly by the Comet Borrelly. After the successful Borrelly encounter, the ion thruster on DS1 had to be operated for more than 14,000 hours in space. This provided a unique opportunity to investigate the condition of the thruster after long-term operation in space and determine, to the extent possible, if the thruster wear in space is consistent with that observed in long-duration ground tests.
Voting Theory, Data Fusion, and Explanations of Social Behavior. (2011)

The challenge of using communications infrastructure to stabilize other infrastructures is related to research on the collective communications systems in social animals, robots, and human-non-human interaction. In these systems, voting models can explicate patterns of observed behavior or predict collective outcomes. Developing more theoretical deductive explanatory power can increase our knowledge about the interplay of voters and communication that produces collective inferences. This paper suggests that many analyses of voting patterns have not integrated what is known about the predictive properties of voting processes into their analyses. Taking a more deductive approach enables us to think about the strengths and weaknesses of existing explanations and imagine new types of analysis that have implications for engineering communications systems to stabilize other infrastructures.
Demonstration of MHC class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice against herpes simplex virus. (1990)

In humans CD4+ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T cells dominate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to herpes simplex virus (HSV), whereas in the mouse only CD8+ MHC class I-restricted CTL have been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that a minor fraction (around 30%) of the response in draining lymph nodes of acute local HSV infections is attributable to CD4+ CTL mice. Such CTL were identified on the basis of antiserum inhibition studies, negative depletion approaches, as well as their differing antigen processing requirements to CD8+ MHC class I-restricted CTL. A possible role for CD4+ CTL as immunoregulators in local infections is discussed briefly.
Intravenous Clonazepam in Status Epilepticus (2016)

Status epilepticus (SE) is a major neurologic emergency that is associated with case-fatality rates ranging from 3% to 39% across studies (1), leading to 55,000 deaths per year in the United States (2).Prompt treatment of SE correlates with better outcome (3), and numerous studies have led to the recommendation that benzodiazepines (BZD) should be administered as a first-line treatment.However, there is little agreement as to which benzodiazepine and route of administration are best.Different studies have compared different BZDs and routes of administration, with notable heterogeneity in the utilized methodology and major paucity of data about clonazepam (CLZ).The RAMPART study, for example, compared midazolam (MDZ), given through an intramuscular autoinjector, with intravenous lorazepam (LZP) given by the paramedics prior to arrival to the emergency department, concluding superiority of MDZ (4).Other studies analyze similarly collected data to either evaluate a particular benzodiazepine, a particular route of administration, or both.A recent such study performed a network meta-analysis of nonvenous drugs used in randomized controlled trials for treatment of SE (5).The authors aimed at ranking in one network the efficacy in seizure cessation within 10 minutes of sublingual LZP, buccal MDZ,
The latent human herpesvirus-6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human chromosomes in vivo and in vitro (2010)

Previous research has suggested that human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may integrate into host cell chromosomes and be vertically transmitted in the germ line, but the evidence--primarily fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)--is indirect. We sought, first, to definitively test these two hypotheses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from families in which several members, including at least one parent and child, had unusually high copy numbers of HHV-6 DNA per milliliter of blood. FISH confirmed that HHV-6 DNA colocalized with telomeric regions of one allele on chromosomes 17p13.3, 18q23, and 22q13.3, and that the integration site was identical among members of the same family. Integration of the HHV-6 genome into TTAGGG telomere repeats was confirmed by additional methods and sequencing of the integration site. Partial sequencing of the viral genome identified the same integrated HHV-6A strain within members of families, confirming vertical transmission of the viral genome. We next asked whether HHV-6A infection of naïve cell lines could lead to integration. Following infection of naïve Jjhan and HEK-293 cell lines by HHV-6, the virus integrated into telomeres. Reactivation of integrated HHV-6A virus from individuals' PBMCs as well as cell lines was successfully accomplished by compounds known to induce latent herpesvirus replication. Finally, no circular episomal forms were detected even by PCR. Taken together, the data suggest that HHV-6 is unique among human herpesviruses: it specifically and efficiently integrates into telomeres of chromosomes during latency rather than forming episomes, and the integrated viral genome is capable of producing virions.
Evaluation of a kinetic model for computer simulation of growth and fermentation by <i>Scheffersomyces</i> (<i>Pichia) stipitis</i> fed <scp>D</scp>‐xylose (2014)

Scheffersomyces (formerly Pichia) stipitis is a potential biocatalyst for converting lignocelluloses to ethanol because the yeast natively ferments xylose. An unstructured kinetic model based upon a system of linear differential equations has been formulated that describes growth and ethanol production as functions of ethanol, oxygen, and xylose concentrations for both growth and fermentation stages. The model was validated for various growth conditions including batch, cell recycle, batch with in situ ethanol removal and fed-batch. The model provides a summary of basic physiological yeast properties and is an important tool for simulating and optimizing various culture conditions and evaluating various bioreactor designs for ethanol production.
Exciton Valley Dynamics probed by Kerr Rotation in WSe2 Monolayers (2014)

We have experimentally studied the pump-probe Kerr rotation dynamics in WSe$_2$ monolayers. This yields a direct measurement of the exciton valley depolarization time $τ_v$. At T=4K, we find $τ_v\approx 6$ps, a fast relaxation time resulting from the strong electron-hole Coulomb exchange interaction in bright excitons. The exciton valley depolarization time decreases significantly when the lattice temperature increases with $τ_v$ being as short as 1.5ps at 125K. The temperature dependence is well explained by the developed theory taking into account the exchange interaction and a fast exciton scattering time on short-range potentials.
The Activated Seven Lupus Anticoagulant Assay Detects Clinically Significant Antibodies (2007)

Lupus anticoagulants are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies detected by their effects on phospholipid-dependent coagulation assays. Persistent lupus anticoagulants are associated with thrombotic disease, but not all are clinically significant. Antibody heterogeneity and reagent and test variability dictate that at least 2 tests, of different types, should be used to screen lupus anticoagulants. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the activated seven lupus anticoagulant assay detects clinically significant antibodies. Eighty-two patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and 32 with systemic lupus erythematosus + positive for activated seven lupus anticoagulant and who were without thrombosis, who were positive by activated seven lupus anticoagulant assay, were investigated for lupus anticoagulants by dilute Russell's viper venom time, dilute activated partial thromboplastin time, and Taipan snake venom time, and for anticardiolipin antibodies. Fifty-seven of the APS patients were positive for lupus anticoagulants in multiple assays, 25 in activated seven lupus anticoagulant alone. Fourteen of the latter group were previously positive in other antiphospholipid antibodies assays, and 11 had only been positive for lupus anticoagulants by activated seven lupus anticoagulant. Twenty-eight had elevated anticardiolipin antibodies, 6 of whom were from the group that was positive in activated seven lupus anticoagulant only. Eight of the systemic lupus erythematosus + lupus anticoagulants (without thrombosis) patients were positive for lupus anticoagulant by activated seven lupus anticoagulant alone and had only been positive in activated seven lupus anticoagulant previously, and none had elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. The remaining 24 patients were lupus-anticoagulant positive in multiple assays, and 9 had elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. Dilute Russell's viper venom time and Dilute activated partial thromboplastin time are widely used to detect lupus anticoagulants and are considered to detect clinically significant antibodies. Activated seven lupus anticoagulant detected antibodies in APS patients who were positive by these assays and also lupus anticoagulants undetectable by the dilute Russell's viper venom time/dilute activated partial thromboplastin time reagents used, demonstrating its utility as a first-line or second-line assay.
Modified twinning behaviour induced by texture evolution in hot rolled Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy (2013)

Compressive deformation along the rolling direction (RD) of a hot rolled Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy is applied to investigate the texture evolution and the recompressive yield strength (RYST) along the transverse direction (TD). Preferential orientation of the basal and prismatic planes is generated by the plastic deformation. Precompression along RD results in one plane of {10–10} aligned nearly perpendicular to the normal direction to the rolling plane. As the compressive strain along RD increases, the RYST shows an earlier raised and later decreased trend. The modified twinning mechanism is investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction observations. The results reveal that {10–12} twinning in the matrix dominates the recompression along TD, while the formation of {10–12}–{10–12} twins becomes comparatively easier to occur in the previous {10–12} twins for large precompressed samples.
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Cyclosporin A as a Corticosteroid-Sparing Agent in Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma (1996)

Patients with severe asthma who require long-term oral corticosteroid therapy are at risk of unwanted effects. Several immunosuppressive drugs have been assessed as corticosteroid-sparing agents in chronic asthma. We previously showed that cyclosporin A (CsA) administered for 12 wk improved lung function in corticosteroid-dependent patients. We have now investigated the corticosteroid-sparing properties of CsA over a 36-wk period. Following a 4-wk run-in period, 39 corticosteroid-dependent asthmatic patients were randomized to receive CsA (19 patients, initial doses 5 mg/kg/d) or matched placebo (20 patients) for 36 wk. Attempts were then made by a physician ignorant of the trial therapy to reduce their prednisolone dosages at 14-d intervals, provided that a patient's asthma remained stable or improved. Three patients receiving CsA had to be withdrawn from the study before they completed 12 wk of therapy. The remaining 16 patients achieved a statistically significant reduction in median daily prednisolone dosage of 62% (10 to 3.5 mg), compared with a decrease of 25% (10 to 7.5 mg) in the patients taking placebo (p = 0.043). This reduction was most pronounced during the last 12 wk of active therapy. In addition, morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) improved significantly (mean 9.4%, SEM 3.0%) in the active-treatment group but not in the placebo group (p = 0.026 between groups). Predictable changes in renal function and blood pressure, and an increased incidence of hypertrichosis and paresthesia, were observed in the patients treated with CsA, but these did not necessitate withdrawal from the study, and were reversed during a 4-wk run-out period. Thus, low-dose CsA therapy, as compared with placebo, allowed a significant reduction in oral corticosteroid dosages in patients with severe asthma, and also improved lung function.
Image Registration Using Material Information (1980)

In studying the performance of any matching technique for image registration it is important to select an appropriate reference image. In this paper a set of a priori probabilities of detection based on explicit information about the materials which surround the edges is used in a strategy for reference selection. This set of a priori probabilities of detection is obtained by finding the frequency of occurrence of material edges. The correlation results for three edges, each belonging to a different material class, are presented. The results of two criteria for optimum reference selection, namely the Neyman-Pearson and the ideal observer, are used to show that the best choice appears to be a compromise. This minimizes the total probability of error while giving a higher probability of correct acquisition for a fixed probability of false alarm.
5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein homodimer in human neutrophils: evidence for a role in leukotriene biosynthesis (2005)

FLAP (5-lipoxygenase-activating protein) is a nuclear transmembrane protein involved in the biosynthesis of LTs (leukotrienes) and other 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) products. However, little is known about its mechanism of action. In the present study, using cross-linkers, we demonstrate that FLAP is present as a monomer and a homodimer in human PMN (polymorphonuclear cells). The functional relevance of the FLAP dimer in LT biosynthesis was assessed in different experimental settings. First, the 5-LO substrate AA (arachidonic acid) concomitantly disrupted the FLAP dimer (at ≥10 μM) and inhibited LT biosynthesis. Secondly, using Sf9 cells expressing active and inactive FLAP mutants and 5-LO, we observed that the FLAP mutants capable of supporting 5-LO product biosynthesis also form the FLAP dimer, whereas inactive FLAP mutants do not. Finally, we showed that FLAP inhibitors such as MK-0591 which block LT biosynthesis in human PMN, disrupt the FLAP dimer in PMN membranes with a similar IC50. The present study demonstrates that LT biosynthesis in intact cells not only requires the presence of FLAP but its further organization into a FLAP homodimer.
Experimental evidence of negative linear compressibility in the MIL-53 metal–organic framework family (2014)

We report a series of powder X-ray diffraction experiments performed on the soft porous crystals MIL-53(Al) and NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-53(Al) in a diamond anvil cell under different pressurization media. Systematic refinements of the obtained powder patterns demonstrate that these materials expand along a specific direction while undergoing total volume reduction under an increase in hydrostatic pressure. The results confirm for the first time the Negative Linear Compressibility behaviour of this family of materials recently predicted from quantum chemical calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A NUCLEOLIPID CONTAINING THE ANTIVIRAL ACYCLOGUANOSINE AS HYDROPHILIC GROUP ‐ SYNTHESIS AND LIPOSOME FORMATION (1985)

Abstract Das Nucleolipid (IV), dessen Kopfgruppe von dem bekannten stark antiviral wirkenden Nucleosidanalogen (Ia) (Acycloguanosin) gebildet wird, wird ausgehend vom (bekannten) (Ia)‐Succinat (Ib) über die (isolierbare) Stufe (Ic) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Proteins (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Progress with biological control of water hyacinth in Malawi. (2001)

Water hyacinth appeared in southern Malawi during the late 1960s, and spread slowly northwards in the Lower Shire River, but in 1995 it was found in the Upper Shire River, just south of Lake Malawi. It is now present in most parts of the Shire River, and in a number of other locations, including the far north of the country. Biological control was initiated in 1995 under a UK Department for International Developmentfunded project, and is now being continued through a World Bank-funded project. About 200,000 Neochetina have been reared and released, mainly in the Shire River, but recently at other sites outside the Shire. The beetles are well established in the Shire, though establishment and subsequent population build-up has been faster in the Lower Shire than the Upper and Middle Shire. Water hyacinth infestation in the Shire River is now less than it was two years ago, but it is too early to conclude that this is the result of the biological control campaign. As new infestations appear elsewhere in the country, biological control agents will be released to limit build-up of the weed. FISHERMEN in the southern tip of Malawi report that water hyacinth first appeared there in the Shire River in the 1960s, and suggest that it may have arrived from across the border during floods (Harley 1991; Chimatiro and Mwale 1998), a reasonable hypothesis given that it had been present in Zimbabwe and the Zambezi River for many years before its discovery in Malawi. It subsequently spread slowly northwards, and by 1980 was present at the southern end of Elephant Marsh (Blackmore et al. 1988) (near Makhanga; see Figure 1). By 1991 it had reached the northern end of Elephant Marsh, south of a Chikwawa (Terry 1991). In 1995 it was discovered in the Upper Shire River north of Mangochi, although surveys indicated it was not present between Lake Malombe and Chikwawa at that time (Hill et al. 1999), suggesting that it had been accidentally introduced to the Upper Shire. The Shire River can be divided into four sections (Table 1), but only the Murchison Rapids section is unsuitable for the weed. As well as occurring throughout the Shire, water hyacinth is now present at a number of locations across the length of Malawi, including Blantyre, Lilongwe River, Salima, Nkhotakota, south of Nkhata Bay, and north of Karonga. There are unconfirmed reports from other locations, including the Songwe River along the northern border with Tanzania, so the weed is clearly now widely distributed. However, in most places outside the Shire River infestations are generally relatively small. * Fisheries Department, PO Box 47, Mangochi, Malawi. † CAB International Africa Regional Centre, PO Box 633, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya. ‡ Fisheries Department, PO Box 593, Lilongwe, Malawi. # Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. ** CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre, Delemont, Switzerland. †† CABI Bioscience UK Centre, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7TA, UK.
Di or Trimerization Reaction of Benzoyl Isocyanates (1966)

種々の触媒を用いてベンゾイル(Ia) , p - メトキシ- (Ib) , p - クロル- (Ic) およびp - ニトロベンゾイルイソシアナート(Id) の二量化, 三量化反応を検討した。トリエチルアミン触媒下においては, I の置換基の電気的性質によって生成物の種類が大きく左右され, Ia は50 ℃ で二量体, 80 ℃ で6-ケト- 1, 3, 5- オキサジアジン体を主として与えるに反し, 反応温度に関係なくIb からは三量体を, Ic , Id からは好収率でそれぞれ対応する6-ケト- 1, 3, 5- オキサジアジン体を生成した。ピリジニウム塩触媒下の反応では置換基の効果は現われず, すべての場合に4-ケト- 1, 3, 5- オキサジアジン体が得られた。しかし, ピリジン1- オキシドを触媒とした場合には置換基と反応温度の影響をうけ, 二量体, 三量体あるいは4-ケト- 1, 3, 5- オキサジアジン体などが生成した。他方,ルイス酸型触媒の塩化第二スズを用いた場合には, Ia とIb は三量体を与えたが, Ic とId は反応しなかった。このような事実をもとにして各触媒下における生成物の生成機構を推定し, 本反応におけるベンゾイルイソシアナート類の反応には性〓と〓の共鳴構造の寄与が支配的であり, アリールイソシアナートに比して極めて特徴的である。
NUMEN Project : challenges in the investigation of double charge-exchange nuclear reactions, towards neutrino-less double beta decay (2015)

An innovative technique to access the nuclear matrix elements entering the expression of the life time of the double beta decay by relevant cross sections measurements of double charge exchange reactions is proposed. A key aspect of the project is the use of the MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer, for the detection of the ejectiles, and of the LNS K800 Superconducting Cyclotron (CS), for the acceleration of the required high resolution and low emittance heavy-ion beams, already in operation at INFN Laboratory Nazionali del Sud in Catania (Italy)