gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calorimetry as a tool for solubility determination : theoretical and experimental study (2003)

Solubility data are essential for designing chemical processes, e.g. crystallization. SLE (solid-liquid equilibria) are usually known for most inorganic and many organic substances. However, there is a significant lack of solubility data with regard to new industrial organic products (e.g. pharmaceuticals) and specialty chemicals. A difficult problem is that often impurities are present changing the solubility compared to the pure products. Classical methods for solubility measurements are very time and substance consuming. Hence, currently efforts are devoted to develop more efficient techniques for solubility determination aimed at reducing experimental time and substance consumption. On this background the contribution is concerned with an innovative approach for SLE measurement based on calorimetry. The heat effect caused by dissolution of a solid in a solvent is utilized to derive solubilities. The method enables the study of the solubility curve in a broad temperature range by means of an optimized single calorimetric run. The experimental equipment comprises a Differential Reaction Calorimeter (DRC, Setaram, France) and a conventional heat flow calorimeter (DSC 111, Setaram, France). The proposed method is applied to study the solubility curve of several organic substances (glycine, mandelic acid and a pharmaceutical intermediate) in different solvents. The applicability of the approach is specified and a general procedure for studying new systems is recommended. In the theoretical part a model is presented describing the dissolution process in the calorimetric reactor. The model allows to convert the experimental calorimetric data into the solubility curve. It can be further applied to predict the heat flow curve provided the thermodynamic parameters are known. The sensitivity of different parameters that affect the calorimetric curve are studied in detail based on a comparison between theoretical and experimental results.
THE EFFECT OF PITUITARY EXTRACTS ON KETONURIA, FAT CONTENT AND FAT DISTRIBUTION IN THE LIVER AND TISSUES OF MICE (1939)

activity of pituitary preparations was first demonstrated by KETOGENIC Burn and Ling (i). Further investigations have shown that heat treat‘ment in an alkaline medium inactivates such preparations, and Shipley and Long have reported on the complete inactivation of ketogenic potency follow ing heat treatment (2, 3). We recently pointed out (4) that, in a previous communication (5), in which it was shown that ketonemia could be pro‘ duced by certain extracts which had been heat treated in an aqueous alka‘line medium, we had not sufficiently stressed the fact that by far the major part of ketogenic activity present in the original extract had been removed by the fractionation procedure. In the experiments which are now reported it is shown that the major part of the ketogenic activity in anterior lobe extracts is present in the protein fractions, and that in the case of most of these boiling in dilute acid medium does not remove the ketogenic property.
Plasma source mass spectrometry: the new millennium. (2001)

Sample Preparation and Introduction Mass Analyser Instrumentation Reaction Cells for ICP-MS Applications Isotope Ratio Measurement Speciation Author Index Subject Index.
Molecular studies of genetic changes in myxoid and round cell liposarcoma (2002)

Chromosomal translocations commonly result in the production of fusion genes and the fusion genes are often tumor-type specific. In myxoid and round cell liposarcomas (MLS/RCLS), almost 95% of the cases carry a t(12;16)(q13;p11). In the remaining 5% of the MLS/RCLS tumors, another translocation and fusion gene can be found, i.e. the t(12;22)(q13;q12). These translocations fuse CHOP on chromosome 12 to either TLS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22. The result is a TLS-CHOP or EWS-CHOP fusion protein that is believed to be a key player in the development of MLS/RCLS. Normally, CHOP plays a fundamental role in adipogenesis by forming heterodimers with members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors. TLS-CHOP is capable of dimerizing with the same proteins as CHOP, but the outcome is radically different. This thesis focuses on TLS-CHOP and the hypothesis that TLS-CHOP may function as an aberrant transcription factor. As such TLS-CHOP is believed to regulate the expression of a cascade of downstream genes that contribute to the phenotype and malignancy of MLS/RCLS. We have found that the TLS-CHOP fusion protein localizes to distinct nuclear structures which differs largely from the normal TLS and CHOP patterns. The nuclear structures do not overlap with PML nuclear bodies and furthermore, PML nuclear bodies are dislocated in TLS-CHOP-expressing cells. The abnormal localization of the PML tumor suppressor may be an important part of the transforming process in these tumors. Using a subtraction hybridization technique, we have found that several genes are aberrantly expressed in MLS/RCLS compared to normal adipose tissue and may have a function in the development of these tumors. This work resulted in the identification of a novel gene which seems to be associated with a low degree of differentiation. At present the normal function of this protein, LEPREL1, is not known. However, its different domains and intracellular distribution points in the direction that this protein functions as an enzyme in the ER and Golgi pathway. One of the genes identified as over-expressed in MLS/RCLS was the RET proto-oncogene. Further studies showed that the tumor cells produce the activating ligand persephin and that the receptor is phosphorylated. This indicates that it is activated and capable of signaling proliferation and anti-apoptosis into the cell nucleus. Thus, there seems to be an autocrine growth stimulatory loop running in MLS/RCLS tumors and disrupting the RET signaling pathway may be an attractive target for therapy in MLS/RCLS.
Clinical Experience and Best Practices Using Epidermal Skin Grafts on Wounds. (2015)

Over the years, autologous skin grafting has been used extensively to achieve wound closure, optimize a functional scar, and improve aesthetic outcomes for the patient. Although a vast majority of the literature is on the use of full-thickness and split-thickness skin grafts, epidermal skin grafts (ESGs) have emerged as a viable option in the reconstructive ladder when only the epidermal layer is needed. These grafts are distinct from other types of autologous skin grafts in that they can be harvested without anesthesia and leave minimal or no scarring at the donor site. In order to explore the use of ESGs in the continuum of primary wound closure, a multidisciplinary expert panel convened in October 2014, in Las Vegas, NV, to review the scientific basis and clinical uses of epidermal grafting. This publication provides an overview of epidermal grafting, recommendations for graft application, and potential roles for its use in wound care and closure.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Poly(<scp>L</scp>‐Lactide) by Native and Recombinant Forms of the Silicatein Enzymes (2005)

Die enzymatische Polymersynthese ist wegen der vorteilhaften Eigenschaften biologischer Katalysatoren von erheblichem Interesse. Silicatein-Enzyme haben sich bei der Synthese anorganischer Materialien als sehr nützlich erwiesen, und rekombinante wie native Silicateine wurden bei der Erzeugung von Poly(L-lactid) (PLA) eingesetzt. Das Bild zeigt native Silicatein-Fasern, die mit PLA überzogen sind (Balkenlänge 4 μm). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z502738_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Note on the Mechanism of the Formation of Alpha-Acylamino Ketones from Amino Acids (1950)

The reaction of alanine-1-C14 and phenylalanine-1-C14 with acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine has been studied and the carboxyl group of the amino acid has been shown to be the exclusive source of carbon dioxide involved.
Comparison of steady-state electrical properties of two counterion and electron-counterion membranes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of steady-state electrical properties of two counterion and electron-counterion membranesRichard P. BuckCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 22, 6445–6451Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100333a050https://doi.org/10.1021/j100333a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gelation of Serum by Ethyl Alcohol (1938)

In the course of experiments on denaturation of serum I observed the phenomenon of gelation of human sera following the addition of ethyl alcohol in higher concentrations. Gate and Papa-costas described a similar serological reaction using formaldehyde. They offered this as a test for the diagnosis of syphilis but subsequently it was found to be of no value as such. Principle of method: A known amount of ethyl alcohol (80%) is added to an equal amount of serum, shaken well, and the time determined in which the mixture turns into a gel. The gelation may at times be so complete that the tube may be inverted without the contents being spilled. The test-tubes used for the reaction must be of equal diameters when comparative studies are made. Method: 0.2 cc of serum are measured into test-tubes 8 cm long, 7.5 mm internal diameter. Over the serum is then stratified 0.2 cc 80% ethyl alcohol. At the adjacent surfaces of these fluids a precipitate is formed. The tubes are then well corked and, shaken vigorously until the mixing of the serum and alcohol is complete. This is recognizable by the milky white to yellowish white appearance which the solution assumes. The results are designated according to the degree of gelation which has taken place as follows: +++, complete; ++(+), almost complete; ++, strong; +(+), medium; +, weak; (+) beginning; —, none. The test is carried out at room temperature. After 5 min., 30 min. and 3 hours the results are read; each tube is taken from the test-tube stand and is slowly tilted between thumb and forefinger at first to an angle of almost 90° and then, if the gelation is strong to complete, to an angle of 180°. While the conditions of this experiments are very simple, the differences in the intensity of gelation are very striking. In time the mixture coagulates to such a degree that one single large flocule is formed.
Breaking Seed Dormancy in Sesbania rostrata (1992)

This article 'Breaking Seed Dormancy in Sesbania rostrata' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Multistep Nature of Microvascular Recruitment of Ex Vivo–expanded Embryonic Endothelial Progenitor Cells during Tumor Angiogenesis (2003)

Tissue neovascularization involves recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells that originate in the bone marrow. Here, we show that a class of embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (Tie-2+, c-Kit+, Sca-1+, and Flk-1-/low), which were isolated at E7.5 of mouse development at the onset of vasculogenesis, retain their ability to contribute to tumor angiogenesis in the adult. Using intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy, we further defined the multistep process of embryonic endothelial progenitor cell (eEPC) homing and incorporation. Circulating eEPCs are specifically arrested in "hot spots" within the tumor microvasculature, extravasate into the interstitium, form multicellular clusters, and incorporate into functional vascular networks. Expression analysis and in vivo blocking experiments provide evidence that the initial cell arrest of eEPC homing is mediated by E- and P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1. This paper provides the first in vivo insights into the mechanisms of endothelial progenitor cell recruitment and, thus, indicates novel ways to interfere with pathological neovascularization.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,5‐Tris(3‐(2,6,6‐trimethyl‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl)acryloyl)benzene (I). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYLTITANOCENE (1995)

(1995). AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYLTITANOCENE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 707-709.
Nerve Lengthening for Nerve Substance Defects (2011)

Sir: We read with great interest the research article by Sharula et al. entitled “Repair of the Sciatic Nerve Defect with a Direct Gradual Lengthening of Proximal and Distal Nerve Stumps in Rabbits.”1 In the article, the authors describe a novel technique for repairing nerve substance defects of 20 mm in peripheral nerve in rabbit by nerve lengthening performed with an external device. Nerves were extended for 3 weeks at a rate of 1 mm/day followed by end-to-end coaptation. Nerve regeneration was then evaluated by electrophysiologic and histologic examination at 16 weeks. It is worth mentioning that for the lengthening process no anesthesia was necessary. We ask why the distal nerve stump was distracted as well. Usually, after the lengthening time of 22 days, the distal stump undergoes Wallerian degeneration. The advantage of stretching both ends is not fully clear to us. When the axon is severed by nerve injury, the axon dies back 1 or 2 mm from the injury site and the distal segment degenerates, a feature known as Wallerian degeneration.2 The myelin debris is phagocytized by macrophages. Whereas the axon segment distal to the injury site degenerates, the Schwann cells proliferate, typically within the basal lamina, and form a column of Schwann cells within a basal lamina or band of Büngner. Does the distraction of the distal segment lengthen connective tissue and allow for greater Schwann cell proliferation? Moreover, the study by Kroeber et al. showed neuroma formation after the duration of the distraction of the proximal nerve end.3 After a delay of 1 or 2 days, the proximal stump of the cut nerve gives rise to axonal sprouts that will extend either on the surface of Schwann cells or to the inner laminin-rich surface of the basal lamina of the Schwann cell columns (bands of Büngner). If the regenerating axon sprouts do not reach and elongate through the trophic distal Schwann cell tube, they will grow in a more random manner and can form a neuroma.4 This is often the case after traumatic peripheral nerve injury, including limb amputation. The axonal sprouts within the bulbous neuroma show increased mechanosensitivity and chemosensitivity. It would be interesting if stretching itself could prevent neuroma formation after peripheral nerve injury, and this observation should be highlighted in this interesting study. Christine Radtke, M.D. Peter M. Vogt, M.D., Ph.D. Kerstin Reimers, Ph.D. Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
Integrating Cytomics and Proteomics (2005)

Systems biology along with what is now classified as cytomics provides an excellent opportunity for cytometry to become integrated into studies where identification of functional proteins in complex cellular mixtures is desired. The combination of cell sorting with rapid protein-profiling platforms offers an automated and rapid technique for greater clarity, accuracy, and efficiency in identification of protein expression differences in mixed cell populations. The integration of cell sorting to purify cell populations opens up a new area for proteomic analysis. This article outlines an approach in which well defined cell analysis and separation tools are integrated into the proteomic programs within a core laboratory. In addition we introduce the concepts of flow cytometry sorting to demonstrate the importance of being able to use flow cytometry as a cell separation technology to identify and collect purified cell populations. Data demonstrating the speed and versatility of this combination of flow cytometry-based cell separation and protein separation and subsequent analysis, examples of protein maps from purified sorted cells, and an analysis of the overall procedure will be shown. It is clear that the power of cell sorting to separate heterogeneous populations of cells using specific phenotypic characteristics increases the power of rapid automated protein separation technologies.
Frequency Stabilization of Multiple Semiconductor Lasers for Nyquist-WDM Transmission Systems (2013)

We propose a technique for stabilizing frequencies of multiple semiconductor lasers, which can reduce the fluctuation of the frequency spacing to below 3MHz. Using our scheme, we demonstrate 10-GBaud Nyquist-WDM PDM 16QAM transmission over 1,000km.
Hydrogen Absorption by Titanium (1981)

Service experiences were summarized on the hydrogen absorption by titanium and factors affecting the absorption were analyzed and reviewed both on environmental side and metallurgical side. Some environmental conditions have been known to cause this absorption but further investigations are still needed in the future. Several preventive methods, such as surface oxidation treatment, have been applied with satisfactory results in some cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Route to the δ‐Benzylidenemethyl‐β‐hydroxy‐ δ‐lactone System Utilizing a New Chiral Epoxyacetylene Building Block. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Upconversion lasing in Ho3+-doped ZBLAN fiber (1992)

Upconversion lasing has been reported by Allain et al . 1 in single mode Ho 3+ -doped fiber at room temperature. We extend the work of Allain et al. and present here a detailed study of the upconversion lasing characteristics of a Ho 3+ -doped fluorozirconate fiber. Our fiber has an 11 pm core diameter (multi-mode for both pump and lasing wavelengths) and was doped with a concentration of 1000 ppm Ho 3+ . The fiber exhibits strong upconversion fluorescence in a band centered at around 550 nm. The peak of the upconversion fluorescence was found to depend on fiber length. With a pump wavelength of 647 nm, we have observed cw lasing in this fiber at 550 nm at room temperature with a threshold pump energy of 155 mW. We have observed lasing for pump wavelengths from 643 to 651 nm. The laser cavity consisted of two external dielectric mirrors butted against the uncoated fiber ends. Coupling into the fiber was accomplished by using a 10× microscope objective.
CONSTRAINING THE EXOZODIACAL LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS: COMPLETE RESULTS FROM THE KECK NULLER MID-INFRARED SURVEYS (2014)

Forty-seven nearby main sequence stars were surveyed with the Keck Interferometer mid-infrared Nulling instrument (KIN) between 2008 and 2011, searching for faint resolved emission from exozodiacal dust. Observations of a subset of the sample have already been reported, focusing essentially on stars with no previously known dust (Millan-Gabet et al. 2011, hereafter Paper I). Here we extend this analysis to the whole KIN sample, including 22 more stars with known near- and/or far-infrared excesses. In addition to an analysis similar to that of Paper I, which was restricted to the 8 to 9µm spectral region, we present measurements obtained in all 10 spectral channels covering the 8 to 13 µm instrumental bandwidth. Based on the 8 to 9µm data alone, which provide the highest signal to noise measurements, only one star shows a large excess imputable to dust emission (η Crv), while 4 more show a significant (&gt; 3σ) excess: β Leo, β UMa, ζ Lep and γ Oph. Overall, excesses detected by KIN are more frequent around A-type stars than later spectral types. A statistical analysis of the measurements further indicates that stars with known far-infrared (λ ≥ 70 µm) excesses have higher exozodiacal emission levels than stars with no previous indication of a cold outer disk. This statistical trend is observed