gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Titrate Their Own Continuous Positive Airway Pressure? (2003)

Manual continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in a sleep laboratory is costly and limits access for diagnostic studies. Many factors affect CPAP compliance, but education and support, rather than in-laboratory CPAP titration, appear to be pivotal. Self-adjustment of CPAP at home will provide equal or superior efficacy in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as compared with in-laboratory titration. A randomized, single-blind, two-period crossover trial of CPAP treatment at the in-laboratory-determined optimal pressure versus at-home self-adjustment of CPAP (starting pressure based on prediction equation). Eighteen CPAP-naive patients (16 males, 50 +/- 15 years old, apnea hypopnea index 40 +/- 20) with a new diagnosis of OSA were tested. Testing was performed before and after CPAP treatment in each of two 5-week study limbs. CPAP, compliance with CPAP treatment, the Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index, the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire score, the Epworth sleepiness scale score, sleep architecture, sleep apnea severity, and maintenance of wakefulness tests were performed. Both modes of CPAP treatment significantly improved objective and subjective measures of OSA, but they did not differ in efficacy. Home self-titration of CPAP is as effective as in-laboratory manual titration in the management of patients with OSA.
Structure and deformation behaviour of model poly(ether‐urethane) elastomers, 1. Infrared studies (1994)

Abstract Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the structure and deformation behaviour of a series of model poly(ether‐urethane) (PEU) elastomers. These materials contain (molecularly) uniform hard segments obtained from piperazine and the bischloroformate of 1,4‐butanediol with a poly(oxytetramethylene) soft segment and contain no hydrogen bonding. Polarization infrared spectra were obtained simultaneously with stress‐strain measurements during deformation. The orientation of hard and soft segments was measured using static and oscillatory strain. The results are consistent with a lamellar hard‐domain structure in which lamellae orient in the stretching direction at low strain and are sheared apart at higher strains. The stress‐strain and orientation behaviours were found to be highly dependent on the thermal history with annealed samples showing a higher degree of hard‐segment order and resistance to strain‐induced disruption. The PEU samples show an initial rapid and a later gradual relaxation of stress and orientation which occur upon step strain as the hard domains, which are not stabilized by hydrogen bonding, are disrupted under strain. The carbonyl stretching vibration was found to be sensitive to the hard‐segment order. With increasing temperature or strain, an increase in a band component associated with a disordered structure was observed, along with a reduction of the hard‐segment orientation at high strain as the hard domains were disrupted. Under cyclic deformation at 1,6 Hz reversible hard‐segment orientation provides further evidence for lamellar rotation at small strains. Stress‐induced crystallization is observed near 300% strain.
Validating Machine-learned Diagnostic Classifiers in Safety Critical Applications with Imbalanced Populations (2018)

Data science techniques such as machine learning are rapidly becoming available to engineers building models from system data, such as aircraft operations data. These techniques require validation for use in fielded systems providing recommendations to operators or maintainers. The methods for validating and testing machine learned algorithms generally focus on model performance metrics such as accuracy or F1-score. Many aviation datasets are highly imbalanced, which can invalidate some underlying assumptions of machine learning models. Two simulations are performed to show how some common performance metrics respond to imbalanced populations. The results show that each performance metric responds differently to a sample depending on the imbalance ratio between two classes. The results indicate that traditional methods for repairing underlying imbalance in the sample may not provide the rigorous validation necessary in safety critical applications. The two simulations indicate that authorities must be cautious when mandating metrics for model acceptance criteria because they can significantly influence the model parameters.
Translating Autologous Heart Valve Tissue Engineering from Bench to Bed (2009)

Tissue engineering is currently being actively investigated to ascertain if it can offer an alternative to prosthetic aortic heart valves that may overcome the current limitations of prosthetic aortic heart valves while at the same time conferring the advantages of a living autologous structure, such as biocompatibility, the capacity to grow, repair, and remodel. In vitro studies have shown tissue-engineered heart valves to have adequate structural and functional properties, indicating a promising future for heart valve tissue engineering. However, criteria are required to be able to evaluate autologous heart valves and to deem them satisfactory for clinical use. Preclinical animal studies are needed, as a precursor to long-term in vivo follow-up studies, to establish such criteria. The first challenge is to find appropriate techniques to evaluate the functionality of tissue-engineered heart valves in vivo without having to kill the animal. As such, the development of such noninvasive techniques that are able to assess the functionality of tissue-engineered heart valves is the next step in translational research. This review discusses methods of evaluating the functionality of autologous heart valves when translating from in vitro to in vivo studies and determines potential assessment criteria imperative to achieve clinical applicability of tissue-engineered heart valves in aortic valve replacement.
[{MeAl(μ2-F)}2N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]4 – eine molekulare Al-F-N-Käfigverbindung (1999)

In einer zweistufigen Eliminierung entsteht aus (2,6-iPr2C6H3)NH2 (ArNH2) und Me2AlF unter Methanentwicklung die molekulare Al-F-N-Käfigverbindung 1, die röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisiert werden konnte und als Vorstufe für ternäre Al-F-N-Systeme angesehen werden kann.
Balloon Catheter with Extra‐amniotic Saline Instillation: a Method of Induction in Pregnancies at 41 or More Gestational Weeks (1997)

One hundred five women with a documented pregnancy of 41 weeks' gestation or more, admitted for induction of labour by balloon catheter with extra-amniotic saline instillation, were retrospectively compared to 196 women admitted in spontaneous labour at the same gestational age, with regard to mode of delivery. The success rate of the induction group was 97.1%. The mode of delivery did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. The Caesarean section rates were 11.4% in the induction group versus 9.7% in the spontaneous group. The mode of delivery after induction of labour by balloon catheter with extra-amniotic saline instillation and simultaneously commenced intravenous oxytocin infusion, in pregnancies of 41 weeks or more, is similar to that of spontaneous deliveries at the same gestational age.
Performances of a non data aided estimator of the modulation index of continuous phase modulations (2002)

In this paper, a new non data aided estimator of the modulation index of a CPM signal is proposed. It is based on the observation that the inverse of the index is the smallest positive real number to which the CPM signal should be expanded in order to generate a sinusoid of frequency 1 over 2T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> . The asymptotic behavior of the estimate is studied. If N is the sample size, the estimate is shown to converge to a non Gaussian distribution at rate 1 over N. Simulations results sustain our theoretical claims.
MAESTRO— Holistic Actor-Oriented Modeling of Nonfunctional Properties and Firmware Behavior for MPSoCs (2014)

Modeling and evaluating nonfunctional properties such as performance, power, and reliability of embedded systems are tasks of utmost importance. In this article, we introduce M AESTRO , a methodology for the modeling and evaluation of nonfunctional properties and embedded firmware of MPSoC architecture components at the Electronic System Level (ESL). In contrast to existing design flows that provide predefined performance models, M AESTRO defines a flexible approach that allows to define virtual prototypes that can be easily customized and extended to evaluate multiple nonfunctional properties of interest at different levels of abstraction. In M AESTRO , a design is composed purely from actor-oriented models. This enables typical ESL features such as automatic design space exploration and synthesizability of HW and SW components, typically missing in very general design flows. Unique to M AESTRO is the separation and coordination of the interaction between application functionality, firmware, and performance models for the evaluation of nonfunctional properties, and their complex interactions within a single Model-of-Computation (MoC). The main advantages of M AESTRO are: (I) Extensible modeling of interdependent nonfunctional properties of heterogeneous MPSoC components; (II) high flexibility to investigate the appropriate trade-off between modeling effort and accuracy of nonfunctional property evaluators; (III) a holistic approach for modeling application functionality as well as firmware affecting the evaluation of nonfunctional properties. Regarding (II), we present a mobile baseband processor platform use-case, executing a GSM paging application. To demonstrate (I) and (III), we present the modeling of a complex ESL processor virtual prototype, running a soft real-time application and equipped with both a power and reliability manager.
Neolignan Skeletons and Benzodioxanes Through Chiral Aryl Alkyl Ether Formation (2000)

Summary Several chiral neolignan skeletons and a benzodioxane were prepared from a tartrate derivative with the crucial chiral aryl alkyl ether formation being accomplished with cesium phenolate and 18-crown-6. These compounds have greater than 96% enantiomeric excess, and this work represents the first successful synthetic preparation of optically active 8- O -4′ type neolignan skeletons. The chiral aryl alkyl ethers were also synthesized from several protected carbohydrates, which can serve as chiral auxiliaries for a wide variety of target molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE ALKYLIERUNG VON INDOL‐NATRIUMSALZEN (1973)

Abstract Indol (I) reagiert mit Natriumhydrid in Phosphorsäure‐tris‐(dimethylamid) zu dem Natriumsalz (II), das mit Alkylhalogeniden zu den 1‐Alkyl‐indolen (III) (84‐94% Ausbeute) umgesetzt wird.
Influence of Intravenous Drug Abuse on Vascular Access Placement and Survival in HIV-Seropositive Patients (2005)

Fistulae are the first line of choice for hemodialysis access in HIV-seropositive patients regardless of IVDA history; if not feasible, graft placement in non-IVDA or abstinent IVDA patients is recommended. In those with active IVDA, the optimal method of renal replacement therapy and type of hemodialysis access remain uncertain.
Contact Dermatitis to Foods (2007)

Cutaneous adverse reactions to foods and food additives are a growing public health problem which can occur both in the avocational and occupational settings. This article reviews different reaction patterns which can occur upon contact with foods and discusses some clinically important food-associated metal and fragrance allergens responsible for these adverse effects. As ultimately, education and guidance can minimize the morbidity of food allergy and enhance the quality of life of the affected individual; this article highlights this growing problem. Las reacciones adversas de la piel que se presentan por manipulación y/o consumo de alimentos y aditivos alimenticios es un problema que está en crecimiento en el área de salud pública, y que puede ocurrir tanto en el hogar como en el ámbito ocupacional. Este artículo revisa los diferentes tipos de reacciones que pueden ocurrir por contacto con alimentos y discute algunos alérgenos, como metales y fragancias, presentes en ellos que son clínicamente importantes y responsables de dichas reacciones adversas. Por último, con educación y orientación se puede minimizar la morbilidad por alergia a alimentos y mejorar la calidad de vida del sujeto afectado; este artículo resalta este problema creciente.
15N-Labeled Immunoglobulins from Bovine Colostrum Are Partially Resistant to Digestion in Human Intestine (1995)

To evaluate true ileal digestibility of bovine immunoglobulins, seven healthy human adults ingested a 15N-labeled preparation of an immunoglobulin concentrate. After fasting overnight, subjects drank 400 mL of immunoglobulin concentrate (77 mmol), and ileal effluents were collected for 8 h at 20-min intervals using a naso-intestinal intubation technique. In addition to osmolality and pH, the concentrations of exogenous and endogenous nitrogen and ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+) in the effluents were measured. Bovine immunoglobulin concentrations (IgG, IgM, IgA) were estimated by a radial immunodiffusion technique. The mean flow rate of the liquid phase was 22.3 +/- 6.1 mL/20 min and did not vary significantly during the collection period. No change was observed for osmolality, pH or Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations. Two hours after meal ingestion, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05). The recoveries of nitrogen of ingested IgG and IgM still immunologically active were 19 +/- 3% and 19 +/- 4%, respectively. No IgA was detected in the ileum. Mean digestibility of the exogenous nitrogen fraction was 79 +/- 3%. In comparison to literature data, which show that other milk proteins have ileal digestibilities of > 90%, our results demonstrate a lower ileal digestibility of bovine immunoglobulins in humans.
Phosphorylation‐dependent Effects of Synapsin IIa on Actin Polymerization and Network Formation (1997)

The synapsins are a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins which play a key role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synapse formation. In the case of synapsin I, these biological properties have been attributed to its ability to interact with both synaptic vesicles and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Although synapsin II shares some of the biological properties of synapsin I, much less is known of its molecular properties. We have investigated the interactions of recombinant rat synapsin Ila with monomeric and filamentous actin and the sensitivity of those interactions to phosphorylation, and found that: i) dephosphorylated synapsin II stimulates actin polymerization by binding to actin monomers and forming actively elongating nuclei and by facilitating the spontaneous nucleation/elongation processes; ii) dephosphorylated synapsin II induces the formation of thick and ordered bundles of actin filaments with greater potency than synapsin I; iii) phosphorylation by protein kinase A markedly inhibits the ability of synapsin II to interact with both actin monomers and filaments. The results indicate that the interactions of synapsin II with actin are similar but not identical to those of synapsin I and suggest that synapsin II may play a major structural role in mature and developing nerve terminals, which is only partially overlapping with the role played by synapsin I.
Analysis of exercise‐induced Na<sup>+</sup>–K<sup>+</sup> exchange in rat skeletal muscle <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

We aimed to quantify the Na(+)-K(+) exchange occurring during exercise in rat skeletal muscle in vivo. Intracellular Na(+) and K(+) content, Na(+) permeability ((22)Na(+) influx), Na(+)-K(+) pump activity (ouabain-sensitive (86)Rb(+) uptake) and Na(+)-K(+) pump alpha(2) subunit content ([(3)H]ouabain binding) were measured. Six-week-old rats rested (control animals) or performed intermittent running for 10-60 min and were then killed or were killed at 15 or 90 min following 60 min exercise. In the soleus muscle, intracellular Na(+) was 80% higher than in control rats after 60 min exercise, was still elevated (38%) after 15 min rest and returned to control levels after 90 min rest. Intracellular K(+) showed corresponding decreases after 15-60 min exercise, returning to control levels 90 min postexercise. Exercise induced little change in Na(+) and K(+) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL). In soleus, the exercise-induced rise in Na(+) and reduction in K(+) were augmented by pretreatment with ouabain or by reducing the content of muscular Na(+)-K(+) pumps by prior K(+) depletion of the animals. Fifteen minutes after 60 min exercise, ouabain-sensitive (86)Rb(+) uptake in the soleus was increased by 30% but was unchanged in EDL, and there was no effect of exercise on [(3)H]ouabain binding measured in vitro or in vivo in either muscle. In conclusion, in the soleus, in vivo exercise induces a rise in intracellular Na(+), which reflects the excitation-induced increase in Na(+) influx and leads to augmented Na(+)-K(+) pump activity without apparent change in Na(+)-K(+) pump capacity.
Online Article: Osteogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Macrospheroids Cocultured with CD11b+ Monocytes (2017)

Purpose: Among potential cell-based therapies, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been proposed as a promising source of stem cells for tissue regeneration. Although many recent clinical trials have investigated the use of adipose tissue or ASCs in transplantation, analysis of the microstructures of outgrowing macrosized spheroids (macrospheroids) or three-dimensional coculture of ASC spheroids and monocyte/macrophage lineages has not been performed. The aim of this study was to analyze the microstructures of murine-derived ASC macrospheroids and the growth and osteogenic potential of these macrospheroids in a three-dimensional environment and after calcification induction by coculture with monocytes. 
Materials and Methods: The histologic structures of murine-derived ASC macrospheroids and the expression of marker genes for multipotency within these macrospheroids were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and in situ hybridization. ASC macrospheroid microstructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and cell proliferation in the spheroids was analyzed. Additionally, the growth and osteogenic potential of these macrospheroids were assessed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments and after calcification induction by coculture with monocytes. 
Results: The expression of Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox2 was detected even in the deep zone of spheroids, although higher expression was observed at the surface. Cell proliferation was detected within the spheroid centers. Observation of spheroid microstructure revealed extracellular matrix production within the spheroid architecture. Transplantation of a spheroid on the hydroxyapatite disc resulted in three-dimensional cell growth, filling the disc. Coculture of the spheroids with monocytes led to the formation of many osteoclast-like, multinucleated cells, and calcification was observed after 3 weeks of coculture. 
Conclusion: ASC spheroids exhibited high capacity for dynamic three-dimensional growth and osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, ASC spheroids promoted monocyte differentiation into osteoclast-like cells, which may enhance the osteogenic potential of ASC spheroids.
Clutter filtering and processing techniques for EMI detection and angle measurement in pulse Doppler radars (2002)

A pulse Doppler radar transmits a block of constant PRF and coherently phased RF pulses, referred to as a "coherent dwell interval" or CDI. The resulting radar echo pulses are treated as a single entity and coherently integrated in the Doppler filter bank in the radar's receiver/processor. This provides both coherent processing gain as well as the velocity discrimination capability necessary to detect small targets in a cluttered environment. The relatively long CDI and minimum antenna scan rate constraints generally restrict the target illumination to only several CDIs per beam dwell. With each CDIs echo power potentially modulated due to the RF frequency diversity between CDIs (to reduce target fading loss), there is little basis for improving the target bearing estimate by centroiding across the CDIs of the beam dwell. In addition, the entire Doppler filter bank output in any range cell can be corrupted by a single EMI pulse. This can not only mask a true target echo at that range but can be difficult to distinguish from one or more true target echoes. False alarms are the inevitable result. A filtering methodology is presented for optimally suppressing the clutter contained in the received CDIs, thereby revealing EMI pulses contained in the data as well as the antenna scan modulation on the target echo. Several algorithms are suggested to extract the EMI detection and target bearing estimate from this data.
Outline of a Thick Control Flow Architecture (2016)

The recently invented thick control flow (TCF) model packs together an unbounded number of fibers, thread-like computational entities, flowing through the same control path. This promises to simplify parallel programming by partially eliminating looping and artificial thread arithmetics. In this paper we outline an architecture for efficiently executing programs written for the TCF model. It features scalable latency hiding via replication of instructions, radical synchronization cost reduction via a wave-based synchronization mechanism, and improved low-level parallelism exploitation via chaining of functional units. Replication of instructions is supported by a dynamic multithreading-like mechanism, which saves the fiber-wise data into special replicated register blocks. The architecture facilitates programmers with compact, unbounded notation of fibers and groups of them together with strong synchronous shared memory algorithmics. According to evaluations, the architecture is able to efficiently handle workloads featuring computational elements with the same control flow, independently of the number of elements. In its turn, this pays out as improved performance and lower power consumption due to elimination of redundant parts of computation and machinery.
A Host Based Autonomous Scheme for Seamless Vertical Handover (2012)

In this paper we suggest a host based, end-to-end selfreliant scheme for handover in heterogeneous network environment. It directly involves the correspondent node in the handover process. The proposed scheme imitates the Network Address Translation. It maps a logical address to another logical address. It modifies the address information in the header of the packet while it is in transition. In principle the process is identical to the NAT box operation, but the goal is different. While NAT is primarily used in conjunction with masquerading to hide the private IP address space, HaMAT works in conjunction with MIH and serves to hide the IP address change of the mobile node encountered due to the vertical handover. HaMAT is a functional entity just like Media Independent Handover Function, and it resides inside the Mobile Node and Correspondent Node. By eliminating the need for rerouting, tunneling and route optimization as required in Mobile IP, HaMAT achieves high performance results in terms of handover delay, end to end packet latency, jitter and the overhead involved. The service disruption time for HaMAT is as low as 10 msec compared to reported handover delays of 260 msec and 1 sec for MIPv4 and MIPv6 respectively. Streszczenie. W artykule zaproponowano bazujący na hoście schemat przelączania typu handover w niejednorodnym środowisku sieciowym. Schemat imituje Network Address Translation i mapuje logiczny adres orasz modyfikuje naglowek w pakiecie. (Bazujący na hoście autonomiczny schemat przelączania typu handover)