gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. (2010)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex fibrosing autoimmune disease that has variable clinical manifestations and morbidity/mortality secondary to organ damage due to vasculopathy and/or fibrosis. Initial events in the pathogenesis are manifested by fibroproliferative vasculopathy that compromises delivery of blood to critical organs. There is evidence of autoimmunity early in the disease which persists and is accompanied by fibrotic processes that leave large accumulations of collagen and other matrix components in the intima of blood vessels and extracellularly in the connective tissue of organs affected by the disease. It has recently been realized that the lysophospholipids -- lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which are elevated in sera of SSc patients, are capable of producing many of the abnormalities observed in the vasculature, immune system, and connective tissue of patients with this disease. This article reviews key abnormalities of the vasculature, immune system, and connective tissue in SSc that could be mediated by LPA/S1P.
A novel stack capacitor cell for high density FeRAM compatible with CMOS logic (2003)

We have developed 4 Mb 1T1C FeRAM device technology using 0.25 /spl mu/m design rules, which is fully compatible with CMOS logic. This consists of three key technologies: a diffusion barrier and an oxidation barrier to W-plug, low thermal budget process for SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ (SBT)-capacitors and no via contact cell scheme.
Oxide Formation and Degradation during Erosion-Corrosion of Iron and Nickel Based Alloys (2003)

Erosion-corrosion is, in many technical applications, a serious material degradation process caused by dynamic particle/fluid mixtures. Pipes transporting particle containing liquids, jet engines, gas turbines, and fluidised bed combustion (FBC) power plants are examples of systems which are considered to be especially susceptible. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanisms of erosion-corrosion in an environment that relates to FBC power plants. Five steels (Fe2.25Cr1Mo, Fe9Cr1Mo, AISI 304, Esshete 1250 and 353 MA) and one Ni based alloy (Inconel 625) were studied in this work. Two different types of erosion-corrosion test rigs were used for the exposures; one nozzle type test rig and one fluidised bed on laboratory scale designed to allow a wide variety of gas atmospheres, bed materials and fluidising conditions. The exposures were performed at low particle velocities and at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 700 °C. The exposure time varied from 24 h up to 3 weeks. Air was primarily used as exposing atmosphere, but in a minor study 50 ppm HCl or 50 ppm SO2 was added. The erosion-corrosion mechanisms at the different exposure conditions were determined from the surface chemistry and morphology. The degraded surfaces were mechanically characterised by stylus profilometry. Oxide thicknesses and compositions were measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling. Complementary information was received from SEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). At 350 °C all the alloys investigated exhibit a minimum in wastage rate, due to the formation of a composite scale with a high erosion resistance. The scale is composed of fragments from the erodent material, metal oxides and bulk metal. The degradation mechanism is erosion of both the composite scale and the bulk metal. At 550 °C an oxide scale is present, which grows at a higher rate than the corresponding scale formed during pure oxidation. It was shown that formation of cracks and other defects allowing molecular oxygen access to the oxide/metal interface was the major cause of the enhanced oxidation rate. The degradation mechanism is chipping of small oxide fragments. At 700 °C less crack formation takes place, but it is still sufficiently comprehensive to enhance the oxidation rate markedly. The degradation mechanism is extensive oxidation at the bottom of the cracks resulting in flaking of the overlaying oxide. The presence of SO2 in the atmosphere results in a decreased wastage rate and altered degradation mechanism as reflected from the wastage patterns recorded on the exposed tubes.
Identification of Plasmodium falciparum specific translation inhibitors from the MMV Malaria Box using a high throughput in vitro translation screen (2016)

This assay will be useful not only in future anti-malarial screening efforts but also in the investigation of P. falciparum protein synthesis and essential processes in P. falciparum biology.
Ocular Manifestations of Collagen Diseases (1956)

The term "collagen diseases" was first used by Klemperer<sup>1</sup>to stress the importance of the connective tissue reaction in, and to stimulate investigation of, a group of diseases with heterologous clinical manifestations. The most obvious pathologic feature which is found in each of these diseases is a fibrinoid degeneration of the connective tissue. Neumann,<sup>2</sup>in 1880, thought that this type of reaction was due to a transformation of the collagen fibers into fibrin-like material. Recently, however, Altshuler and Angevine<sup>3</sup>have concluded that the homogenous ground substance, and not the collagen fiber, is the anatomic site of the connective tissue alteration and that the fibrinoid deposits are a result of a precipitation of mucopolysaccharides by the action of a basic protein. Thus, it appears that the term "systemic diseases of the connective tissue" or "dysgammaglobulinemia" is a more appropriate designation than collagen diseases.<sup>4</sup>However, since the term
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of DEF Ring Skeleton of Naulafine Alkaloid. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
T-cell responses to orally administered antigens. Study of the kinetics of lymphokine production after single and multiple feeding. (1995)

Mice fed a protein antigen develop a phenomenon called oral tolerance which is defined classically by the inability to respond to a parenteral challenge with the same antigen. In a recent report we showed that antigen-reactive T cells are not depleted following the development of oral tolerance to the soluble antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Instead mice remain highly sensitized so OVA-reactive T cells can be detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), Peyer's patches and spleen. In the present study we show that OVA-specific T cells become sensitized in the MLN within 24 hr of feeding and that lymphokine responses peak 48-96 hr after feeding. T cells produced large amounts of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but no interleukin-2 (IL-2) following activation in vitro. Responsiveness as measured by GM-CSF declined by days 8-11 while the ability to stimulate IFN-gamma secretion was more persistent. It was found in experiments with repeated feeding, 1 week apart, that the T-cell responsiveness was restimulated after each feed and that the magnitude and duration of the IFN-gamma or GM-CSF responses were almost identical to primary, even after 10 feeds.
Effects of laser irradiation on recrystallization textures of swaged pure aluminum and Al-2%Fe P/M alloy. (1996)

A laser shot local melting technique was applied as an artificial nucleation process. Pure aluminum processed through ingot metallurgy and an Al–2%Fe powder metallurgy alloy were cold swaged. The surface layer of specimen cut from the swaged bar parallel or perpendicular to the swaging direction (SD) was melted by one by one shots of laser and then the specimens were annealed. In pure Al shot parallel to SD, [100] oriented grains pre-existing in the unmelted matrix grow continuously by re-solidification and grow back into the matrix by recrystallization, developing a strong [100] recrystallization texture. While this is not the case for pure Al shot perpendicular to SD. In Al–2Fe shot parallel to SD, a [100] solidification texture seems to develop not by growth of matrix grains but by independent nucleation. The re-solidified grains do not grow by recrystallization, leading to the formation of the previously reported [110] texture in the matrix. It is argued that the anisotropic growth behavior of [100] re-solidified grains by recrystallization in pure aluminum may stem from structural characteristics of its deformed matrix, while in the PM alloy compound particles suppress both growth of pre-existing grains by re-solidification and growth of re-solidified grains by recrystallization.
The effect of morphine on formalin‐evoked behaviour and spinal release of excitatory amino acids and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> using microdialysis in conscious rats (1995)

1. In the present study, the object was to examine the effects of morphine on spinal release in vivo of excitatory amino acids (EAA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and a marker for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, citrulline (Cit), evoked by a protracted noxious stimulus produced by the injection of formalin into the paw. Spinal release was monitored in conscious rats using a microdialysis probe implanted into the subarachnoid space with the active site placed at the level of the lumbar enlargement. In split dialysate samples. EAAs were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and PGE2 was determined by radioimmunoassay. 2. Resting concentrations in nmol ml-1 for the amino acids (mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 21) were: 4.8 +/- 0.4 for glutamate (Glu), 0.8 +/- 0.1 for aspartate (Asp), 8.8 +/- 0.8 for taurine (Tau), 24 +/- 3 for glycine (Gly), 19 +/- 3 for serine (Ser), 5.2 +/- 0.8 for asparagine (Asn), 64 +/- 4 for glutamine (Gln) and 5.2 +/- 0.4 for Cit. Mean basal release for PGE2 was 12 +/- 1 pmol ml-1. 3. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 5% formalin evoked a biphasic flinching behaviour (phase 1: 0-9 min and phase 2: 10-60 min) of the injected paw. Corresponding to phase 1 behaviour, there was a significant increase (50-100%) in spinal levels of Glu, Asp, Tau, Gly, Cit and PGE2, but not Ser, Asn and Gln. A significant (P < 0.01) second phase increase in release was observed only for Cit and PGE2. However, Glu and Asp levels were increased by approximately 45%. 4. Injection of morphine sulphate (3 mg kg-1, s.c.) had no effect on resting release, but produced a significant suppression of the formalin-evoked behaviour and release of Glu, Asp, Tau, Gly, Cit and PGE2. The effect of morphine was reversed by pretreatment with 1 mg kg-1 naloxone. Naloxone by itself did not change the release or behaviour of the formalin test.5. This study demonstrates that both spinal EAA and PGE2 release patterns correlate with behavioural nociceptive responses in the formalin test and that morphine suppresses the formalin-evoked behaviours and spinal release. The reversal by naloxone of the morphine effect indicates mediation via an opioid receptor.
100. Multifunctional Drug Enhances rAAV-Mediated Transgene Expression Through Different Mechanisms in Different Cell Types (2015)

Several groups have demonstrated that a number of naturally occurring compounds can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of viral vectors, especially recombinant AAV vectors (Ren et al., Neurosci Lett. 479(3): 187-91, 2010; Zhang et al., Gene Ther. 18(2): 128-34, 2011; Mitchell et al., J Virol. 87(8): 4571-83, 2013; Wang et al., J Integr Med. 12(1): 20-34, 2014). In our recently published studies (Ling et al., Hum Gene Ther. 25(12): 1023-34, 2014), we provided further evidence of enhanced efficacy of a combinatorial approach involving drug-mediated chemotherapy and rAAV vector-mediated cancer gene therapy to target human hepatocellular carcinoma. In these studies, we identified that shikonin, a naphthoquinone, inhibits human liver tumor growth as well as significantly enhances the efficacy of rAAV vectors carrying a therapeutic gene, tricosanthin (TCS), in a murine xenograft model in vivo. Although our initial mechanistic studies suggested that shikonin-mediated enhancement of rAAV vector transduction was through its proteasome inhibitory activity, which was similar to that of MG132, a specific proteasome inhibitor. However, no further increase was observed when cells were co-treated with both shikonin and MG132. Since shikonin is a multifunctional compound, we wished to evaluate its effect on rAAV vector-mediated transgene expression in additional human cell types. In a human erythroleukemia cell line, K562, frequently used as a model for hematopoietic cell transduction studies, shikonin enhanced the transduction efficiency of various rAAV serotype vectors by up to 10-fold. Surprisingly, however, MG132 had no effect in K562 cells, even at the highest concentration that did not induce cytotoxicity. Thus, in a systematic study, various proteasome and protease inhibitors were evaluated. Western blot assays for the detection of polyubiquitinated total cellular proteins were performed to confirm the effectiveness of these drugs in K562 cells. Whereas carfilzomib only had a modest effect (<2-fold enhancement), surprisingly, bortezomib significantly reduced the AAV vector-mediated transgene expression in K562 cells. E-64 and PMSF, a cysteine and a serine protease inhibitor, respectively, also had no effect. Additional studies revealed that a specific inhibitor of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, blocked the enhancing effect of shikonin on rAAV vector-mediated transgene expression in K562 cells but not other cell types. Furthermore, shikonin treatment did augment rAAV vector-mediated transduction ex vivo in both mouse and human primary hematopoietic stem cells. Taken together, our studies also emphasize the need to exercise caution in interpreting rAAV vector-mediated transgene expression data among different cell types involving the use of multifunctional drugs.
Flow Behavior of Glass at the Tip of a Penetrator (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results Discussion Summary Acknowledgments References
Decision making in autonomic computing systems (2011)

Autonomic computing systems adapt themselves thousands of times a second, to accomplish their goal despite changing environmental conditions and demands. The literature reports many decision mechanisms, but in most realizations a single one is applied. This paper compares some state-of-the-art decision making approaches, applied to a self-optimizing autonomic system that allocates resources to a software application providing performance feedback at run-time, via the Application Heartbeat framework. The investigated decision mechanisms range from heuristics to control theory and machine learning: results are compared by means of case studies using standard benchmarks.
[Chronic hypereosinophilia: a model of Th2 disorders]. (2000)

Interleukin-5 produced by Th2-type lymphocytes is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of hypereosinophilic disorders. We and others have identified clonal Th2 cells with abnormal surface phenotypes in peripheral blood of certain patients presenting the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. We took advantage of the CD3- CD4+ phenotype of our patients' T cells to determine the activation signals involved in their production of Th2 cytokines and expansion, independently of T cell receptor engagement. In vitro cocultures performed with dendritic cells demonstrated the critical role of co-stimulatory signalling through B.7/CD28 and LFA-3/CD2 pathways and the involvement of an autocrine IL2/IL2R loop in the activation of these Th2-type cells. The high-level spontaneous apoptosis displayed by these cells in vitro was drastically inhibited by IL2 and IFN-alpha. New therapeutic strategies could result from our observations. Indeed, the hypereosinophilic syndrome may represent an unexpected application of new immunomodulatory molecules such as CTLA4-Ig and anti-IL2R-alpha.
Complexity in Pharmaceutical Powders for Inhalation: A perspective (2017)

Pharmaceutical aerosol powders intended for inhalation are required to have unique performance characteristics that are highly dependent on their physico-chemical properties. A wide range of analytical methods have been applied to study particle structure, size distribution, surface properties and subsequent behaviour of powders with the intention of predicting their performance. However, particle interactions are dictated by complex fundamental forces that impact on the efficiency and reproducibility of delivery and thereby the quality, efficacy and safety of the final product. This manuscript reviews the interplay of physico-chemical properties of powder and the complex process and analytical variables that must be monitored and controlled to effectively predict powder performance.
MODEL BASED RECONSTRUCTION OF UT ARRAY DATA (2008)

Beyond the detection of defects, their characterization (identification, positioning, sizing) is one goal of great importance often assigned to the analysis of NDT data. The first step of such analysis in the case of ultrasonic testing amounts to image in the part the detected echoes. This operation is in general achieved by considering time of flights and by applying simplified algorithms which are often valid only on canonical situations. In this communication we present an overview of different imaging techniques studied at CEA LIST and based on the exploitation of direct models which enable to address complex configurations and are available in the CIVA software plat‐form. We discuss in particular ray‐model based algorithms, algorithms derived from classical synthetic focusing and processing of the full inter‐element matrix (MUSIC algorithm).
Detecting Stealthy Backdoors with Association Rule Mining (2012)

In this paper we describe a practical approach for detecting a class of backdoor communication channel that relies on port knocking in order to activate a backdoor on a remote compromised system. Detecting such activation sequences is extremely challenging because of varying port sequences and easily modifiable port values. Simple signature-based approaches are not appropriate, whilst more advanced statistics-based testing will not work because of missing and incomplete data. We leverage techniques derived from the data mining community designed to detect sequences of rare events. Simply stated, a sequence of rare events is the joint occurrence of several events, each of which is rare. We show that searching for port knocking sequences can be reduced to a problem of finding rare associations. We have implemented a prototype and show some experimental results on its performance and underlying functioning.
Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men With Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol (1997)

Men with low levels of HDL-C and CHD but without elevated LDL-C or total cholesterol have a very high prevalence of ultrasound-detected carotid artery atherosclerosis.
Silicon avalanche cathodes and their characteristics (1991)

A highly doped shallow p-n junction (<or=300 AA) is used to fabricate a silicon avalanche cathode (SAC) to serve as an electron source for a micro-vacuum diode. Single and arrayed SACs are integrated on the same chip with separate bias configurations. Since the device fabrication is fully compatible with Si IC processing, high repeatability and reliability are achieved. The device structure and a simple series resistance model are described. An anode collection current of approximately 0.7 mu A is obtained from a single cathode (40- mu m diameter), and the emission current is multiplied by the number of cathodes for arrayed cathodes. Emission characteristics are investigated as a function of reverse-bias conditions, anode collection voltages, and cathode diameters. The emission efficiency (anode collection current/total bias current) is found to be almost independent of cathode size; however, higher anode collection voltages increase the emission efficiency.<<ETX>>
Solubility in system ammonia-orthophosphoric acid-pyrophosphoric acid-tripolyphosphoric acid-water at 25.deg. (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility in system ammonia-orthophosphoric acid-pyrophosphoric acid-tripolyphosphoric acid-water at 25.deg.Joseph W. Williard and Ewell F. DillardCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1975, 20, 4, 436–437Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60067a013https://doi.org/10.1021/je60067a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SciVal Experts: A Collaborative Tool (2011)

SciVal Experts is a resource for finding experts and fostering collaboration. The tool creates researcher profiles with automatically updated publication and grant information and faculty-inputted curriculum vitae, more fully capturing a researcher's body of work. SciVal Experts indexes campus-based "experts" by research topic, allowing faculty to find potential research partners and mentors, furthering translational research opportunities and dissemination of knowledge.
Selective Checksum based On-line Error Correction for RRAM based Matrix Operations (2020)

Resistive RAM technology with it’s in memory computation and matrix vector multiplication capabilities has paved the way for efficient hardware implementations of neural networks. The ability to store the training weights and perform a direct matrix vector multiplication with the applied inputs thus producing the outputs directly reduces a lot of memory transfer overhead. But such schemes are prone to various soft errors and hard errors due to immature fabrication processes creating marginal cells, read disturbance errors, etc. Soft errors are of concern in this case since they can potentially cause mi-classification of objects leading to catastrophic consequences for safety critical applications. Since the location of soft errors are not known previously, they can potentially manifest in the field leading to data corruption. In this paper, a new on-line error correcting scheme is proposed based on partial and selective checksums which can correct errors in the field. The proposed scheme can correct any number of errors in a single column of a given RRAM matrix. Two different checksum computation schemes are proposed, a majority voting-based scheme and a Hamming code-based scheme. The memory overhead and decoding area, latency and dynamic power consumption for both the proposed schemes are presented. It is seen that the proposed solutions can achieve low decoding latency and comparatively smaller memory and area overhead in order to guarantee protection against errors in a single column. Lastly, a scheme to extend the proposed scheme to multiple column errors is also discussed.