gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring of Geo-Structural Systems (2007)

Presented in this paper is a wireless sensor network capable of large scale deployments for remote monitoring of geo-structural systems. The Wireless Sensor System (WSS) developed at Clarkson University allows for real-time, high-rate wireless data collection from an array of different sensors, including extensometers (strain gages) and accelerometers. The sensor network offers an economic solution for demanding large-scale monitoring applications, common in civil engineering. The developed wireless sensor network affords dense sensor deployments for distributed monitoring to provide insight into both the geotechnical and structural response of an entire system. This paper presents the capabilities of the wireless sensor network along with preliminary results from a field deployment of the system on a single-span integral abutment bridge in which real-time wireless data from an array of accelerometers was collected simultaneously with strain transducers through a single sensor network.
The role of the actin cortex in maintaining cell shape (2013)

Considering that the plasma membrane is host to a variety of mechanical cues in vivo, and the actin cortex is known to support cell shape, it comes as no surprise that the paired membrane-cortex plays a major role in cellular responses to deformation. In a recent study, we applied highly localized forces to HeLa cells in order to examine the deformation response of the membrane and cortex. Direct visualization of the deformation in the loading plane allowed for the characterization of the observed time-dependent strain. Despite large magnitude and long duration loading regimes, the majority of cells recovered their initial pre-deformed morphology within ~2 min. Unexpectedly, perturbed regions above large-volume nuclei were shown to be quite soft and had negligible influence on morphological recovery. The resistance to deformation and ability to recover was found to be largely influenced by the actin network, and dependent upon rho-kinase mediated contractility.
Geoacoustic Inversion Using Time Reversal of Ocean Noise (2017)

We present a passive geoacoustic inversion method using two hydrophones, which combines noise interferometry and time reversal mirror (TRM) techniques. Numerical simulations are firstly performed, in which strong focusing occurs in the vicinity of one hydrophone when Green's function (GF) is back-propagated from the other hydrophone, with the position and strength of the focus being sensitive to sound speed and density in the bottom. We next extract the GF from the noise cross-correlation function measured by two hydrophones with 8025-m distance in the Shallow Water '06 experiment. After realizing the TRM process, sound speed and density in the bottom are inverted by optimizing focusing of the back-propagated GF. The passive inversion method is inherently environmentally friendly and low-cost.
The Congruence of Federal-Provincial Campaign Activity in Party Organizations: The Influence of Recruitment Patterns in Three Hamilton Ridings (1972)

On examine dans cet article l'impact du système fédéral canadien sur les organisations partisanes d'une grande ville. Les travailleurs d'élection sont étudiés en tant qu'individus et en tant que membres d'un parti. On en a retenu 180 dont les noms ont été tirés principalement des listes des comités exécutifs de neuf organisations de circonscriptions fédérales, en 1969. Cinquante-huit pour cent des travailleurs d'élection sont fortement impliqués dans les élections fédérales et provinciales à la fois, tandis que 10 pour cent le sont dans ni l'un ni l'autre des deux types d'élections; 27 pour cent ne sont actifs qu'au cours des campagnes fédérales, tandis que 5 pour cent se limitent aux élections provinciales. C'est l'affiliation partisane qui permet de prédire le mieux le degré d'implication dans la campagne. De son côté, le recrutement est surtout influencé par les clivages religieux à l'intérieur de la ville. Si on regroupe les travailleurs d'élection dans leurs neuf organisations de circonscription, on observe des variations importantes dans la participation aux élections fédérales et provinciales à la fois. Les organisations dont les travailleurs sont fortement impliqués dans les deux types d'élections sont celles qui offrent des incitations idéologiques, qui recrutent des volontaires et dont les attitudes ont un caractère « cosmopolitain ». Ces trois modes de recrutement sont reliés au comportement des organisations, mais pas à celui des travailleurs individuels.
CdS and ZnS Deposition on Ag(111) by Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy (2001)

We applied the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) methodology to obtain deposits of CdS and ZnS on Ag(111) by alternate underpotential deposition of the elements forming the compounds. The amounts of the elements deposited, determined by stripping coulometry, always yielded a stoichiometric 1:1 ratio. The deposits were formed using an automated electrochemical deposition system, described here, making use of a simple distribution valve.
Central Hydraulic Systems for Use in Manufacturing (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Centralized hydraulic systems implementation will reduce the number of hydraulic tanks and result in energy conservation, floor space savings, reduce maintenance, and improve machine response. A central hydraulic power unit is a large reservoir that will service the needs of several machines. Through the systems programmable controller, pumps can be cycled off and on as the systems need change.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Computer generated flow analysis were performed on each machine. The analysis determined the system sizing.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">By combining both the pump flow and accumulator output, the system peak flow and pressure are maintained, improving machine response time.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The consolidation of the hydraulic systems has eliminated potential leak points, and has improved maintainability.</div>
Fibrillar strains of <i>Streptococcus sanguis</i> biotype I carry a surface protein which cross‐reacts with Antigen B from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Ingbritt (1988)

Eleven strains of Streptococcus sanguis biotype I carrying peritrichous fibrils and 4 strains with lateral tufts of fibrils were screened for crossreactivity with Antigen B (AgB), a protein with a molecular weight of 190,000, isolated from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt. An antigen of similar molecular weight, which cross‐reacted serologically with AgB was detected by immunodiffusion, Western blotting and dot immuno‐binding in strains of S. sanguis biotype I with peritrichous fibrils but not in tufted strains. One strain, S. sanguis LGR2 carried dense fibrils (5+ density) and the gold label appeared to be associated with the fibrils. However, over all the strains there was no correlation between the density of fibrils and the amount of AgB labelling. Immunonegative staining confirmed the absence of AgB cross reactivity in the tufted strains of S. sanguis I, although the gold labelled the tuft fibrils non‐specifically. Antigen B was located on the cell surface of S. mutans Ingbritt and the label extended 45.9±9.9 nm from the cell wall although the strain was non‐fibrillar.
Building Energy Reductions: Windbreak Optimization (1982)

Wind tunnel model studies of houses are used to determine how one can best reduce the surface pressure variations from wind and the associated air infiltration, emphasizing the correct placement of suitably modeled coniferous trees. The trees are shown to have energy-saving potential by converting directed kinetic energy of the approaching wind into random turbulent energy by passing the air through tortuous paths in the tree crowns. This reduces the pressure gradients on the windward walls which are a prime region for air infiltration. The most cost- and energy-effective windbreaks are those that selectively protect against the prevailing winter winds, use as few trees as possible, and are placed at least two tree heights upstream. Underpruning and poorly designed openings through the trees, such as driveway access, were shown to enhance air infiltration effects. Using as few as three trees, 3% fuel savings were estimated. When a planting pattern affording general protection was analyzed, it was estimated to achieve higher than 10% savings in energy for heating.
Vapor density and electron density determination during high-current anode phenomena in vacuum arcs (2018)

This paper presents time and space resolved results of spectroscopic measurements in a vacuum circuit breaker experiment during high-current anode modes, i.e., anode spot type 1, anode spot type 2, and anode plume. Excited state densities for Cu I, Cu II, and Cu III transitions are determined during anode spot type 1 and type 2 as well as for the anode plume. Temporal evolution of excited state densities and Cu neutral gas densities are also determined during anode spot type 1 and type 2, which show that the Cu density in front of the anode during anode spot type 2 is about 6 times higher compared to anode spot type 1. Electron densities are also determined during both types of anode spot using Stark broadening. The electron densities during anode spot type 2 are remarkably higher than during anode spot type 1.
A novel and convenient mercury(II) mediated synthesis of chroman-4-ones (1988)

A. Gopalsamy and K. K. Balasubramanian, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 34 DOI: 10.1039/C39880000034
Design of widely tunable semiconductor lasers and the concept of binary superimposed gratings (BSG's) (1998)

We propose a new concept of binary superimposed gratings (BSG's) as multiwavelength grating reflectors and show it as an effective structural improvement over the existing designs, to both the fabrication process and device performance. We also present a study of key design issues for widely tunable lasers based on grating mirrors with a comb-like reflection spectrum and summarize simple design rules for the grating part of the laser, based on analytical and numerical analysis. The binary supergrating consists of elements of equal size whose refractive index is allowed to be one of two possible values, which are sequenced according to a binary optics formalism to effect a spatial superposition of multiple sets of single-frequency gratings, and its implementation is well within the standard e-beam lithography limits. The calculations of lasing frequency, mode, and side-mode suppression ratio of the tunable laser are formulated and presented along with numerical examples.
How to build functional thylakoid membranes: from plastid transcription to protein complex assembly (2012)

Chloroplasts are the endosymbiotic descendants of cyanobacterium-like prokaryotes. Present genomes of plant and green algae chloroplasts (plastomes) contain ~100 genes mainly encoding for their transcription-/translation-machinery, subunits of the thylakoid membrane complexes (photosystems II and I, cytochrome b (6) f, ATP synthase), and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Nevertheless, proteomic studies have identified several thousand proteins in chloroplasts indicating that the majority of the plastid proteome is not encoded by the plastome. Indeed, plastid and host cell genomes have been massively rearranged in the course of their co-evolution, mainly through gene loss, horizontal gene transfer from the cyanobacterium/chloroplast to the nucleus of the host cell, and the emergence of new nuclear genes. Besides structural components of thylakoid membrane complexes and other (enzymatic) complexes, the nucleus provides essential factors that are involved in a variety of processes inside the chloroplast, like gene expression (transcription, RNA-maturation and translation), complex assembly, and protein import. Here, we provide an overview on regulatory factors that have been described and characterized in the past years, putting emphasis on mechanisms regulating the expression and assembly of the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON VERBRUECKTEN STEROIDEN 7. MITT. B‐NORSTEROIDE MIT EINEM GIBBAN‐B‐C‐D‐RINGSYST., SYNTH. DES 7‐DESOXYGIBBERELLIN‐RINGSYST. (1971)

Abstract In einer dreizehnstufigen Synthese wird aus 5β‐Cyan‐vinyl‐B‐nor‐androstan‐3‐ on (I) über die Stufe des 5β‐(trans‐β‐Formyl)‐vinyl‐Derivats (II) das 313, Sß‐ Äthano‐B‐nor‐Sß‐androstan (III) hergestellt.
CEESA 100% Renewable Energy Transport Scenarios towards 2050: Technical Background Report Part 2 (2014)

This background report describes on the different fuel pathways for the transport sector were created and compared. The study highlights the unique issues that need to be resolved for the transport sector such as the large growth in demand, the need for energy-dense fuels, and the concerns about the availability of sustainable resources.<br/><br/>The results indicate that electricity should be prioritised as much as is economically possible in the transport sector, which is primarily for cars and rail. Other modes, such as trucks, ships, and aeroplanes will require fuels with a high energy density. Replacing oil in these modes with existing biofuels is likely to result in an over-consumption of biomass, thus resulting in an unsustainable solution. In this study, new electrofuel pathways are created outlining how electricity can be combined with biomass to create new fuels for these modes. <br/><br/>The amount of electrofuel that can be incorporated into the energy system in the future will be very dependent on the technological develop of some key technologies, such as biomass gasification, carbon capture and recycling, and electrolysers, as well as on the amount of sustainable biomass that can be harnessed in the energy system.
Risk of HIV dementia and opportunistic brain disease in AIDS and zidovudine therapy (1998)

The time limited but effective neuroprotection offered by zidovudine monotherapy for <18 months suggests that non-specific mechanisms of cerebral immunological defence may benefit from antiretroviral treatment. Due to the limitations of a retrospective study these findings require confirmation and further investigation in the context of current combination drug treatments.
Human α1-antitrypsin attenuates injury-induced Inflammation through interacting with high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) (2017)

Abstract HMGB1 is involved in pathologies such as cellular injury and autoimmunity. Indeed, upon binding to immune-related receptors, HMGB1 promotes an inflammatory response, such as that might take part in pancreatic islet destruction during both autoimmune diabetes and islet transplant rejection. Specifically, elevated circulating HMGB1 levels were reported in patients with type 1 diabetes, and increased release of HMGB1 was found to correlate with injury degree and islet allograft survival. The anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory acute-phase protein human α1-antitrypsin (hAAT) promotes islet survival in both transplantation and autoimmune diabetes models. While AAT binds to damage-released proteins, such as gp96 and HSP70, its tissue protective mechanism remains poorly understood. We now extend this observation that AAT protective activity is related to its interaction with HMGB1. Clinical-grade AAT (Glassia, Kamada Ltd., Israel), diminished recombinant HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses in mouse pancreatic islets (while restoring disrupted insulin inflammation-mediated release). Similar behavior was depicted in HMGB1-stimulated peritoneal macrophages introduced to hAAT. In addition, hAAT modulated HMGB1-inducible surface expression by altering its distribution. Lastly, we show by immunoprecipitation that HMGB1 associated proteins was positive for the presence of AAT, this is also supported by a direct ELISA. Our findings suggest that hAAT is a naturally-occurring regulator of inflammatory responses mediated by extracellular HMGB1, such that preclude outcomes of islet transplantation. hAAT may therefore be considered for therapy of cell damage-mediated pathologies in a clinically-safe manner.
ChemInform Abstract: 14N NMR Studies of Amine Release from Platinum Anticancer Drugs: Models and Human Blood Plasma. (1989)

Abstract The results show that 14N NMR spectroscopy provides useful information about amine release from cis‐PtCl2(NH3)2 and related complexes under biologically relevant conditions.
Ascorbate Stimulates Type I and Type III Collagen in Human Tenon??s Fibroblasts (1997)

This culture system will be useful for exploring factors that may alter collagen production and could potentially affect wound healing.
Induction of cell fate in the Drosophila retina: the bride of sevenless protein is predicted to contain a large extracellular domain and seven transmembrane segments. (1990)

Previous genetic mosaic studies established that expression of the Drosophila bride of sevenless (boss) gene is required in photoreceptor neuron R8 for the development of photoreceptor neuron R7. This led to the proposal that boss encodes or regulates an R7-specific inductive cue. We have identified the boss gene based on small deletions in mutant alleles and sequenced both cDNAs and corresponding genomic regions. One P element and three X-ray-induced boss alleles show different deletions in the gene ranging in size from 2 to 23 bp, each causing frameshifts leading to premature termination of translation. The boss gene encodes a protein of 896 amino acids with a putative amino-terminal signal sequence, a large extracellular region of 498 amino acids, and seven potential transmembrane domains followed by a carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail of 115 amino acids. The putative membrane localization of the boss protein is consistent with a model in which direct interaction between the boss and sevenless proteins specifies R7 cell fate. Another model in which the boss protein functions as a receptor is proposed based on its similarity to the G protein-linked family of membrane receptors.
Adducin forms a bridge between the erythrocyte membrane and its cytoskeleton and regulates membrane cohesion (2009)

The erythrocyte membrane skeleton is the best understood cytoskeleton. Because its protein components have homologs in virtually all other cells, the membrane serves as a fundamental model of biologic membranes. Modern textbooks portray the membrane as a 2-dimensional spectrin-based membrane skeleton attached to a lipid bilayer through 2 linkages: band 3-ankyrin-beta-spectrin and glycophorin C-protein 4.1-beta-spectrin.(1-7) Although evidence supports an essential role for the first bridge in regulating membrane cohesion, rupture of the glycophorin C-protein 4.1 interaction has little effect on membrane stability.(8) We demonstrate the existence of a novel band 3-adducin-spectrin bridge that connects the spectrin/actin/protein 4.1 junctional complex to the bilayer. As rupture of this bridge leads to spontaneous membrane fragmentation, we conclude that the band 3-adducin-spectrin bridge is important to membrane stability. The required relocation of part of the band 3 population to the spectrin/actin junctional complex and its formation of a new bridge with adducin necessitates a significant revision of accepted models of the erythrocyte membrane.
Seven Steps of Alternating Electron and Proton Transfer in Photosystem II Water Oxidation Traced by Time-Resolved Photothermal Beam Deflection at Improved Sensitivity (2014)

The intricate orchestration of electron transfer (ET) and proton transfer (PT) at the Mn4CaOn-cluster of photosystem II (PSII) is mechanistically pivotal but clearly insufficiently understood. Preparations of PSII membrane particles were investigated using a kinetically competent and sensitive method, photothermal beam deflection (PBD), to monitor apparent volume changes of the PSII protein. Driven by nanosecond laser flashes, the PSII was synchronously stepped through its water-oxidation cycle involving four (semi)stable states (S0, S1, S2, and S3) and minimally three additional transiently formed intermediates. The PBD approach was optimized as compared to our previous experiments, resulting in superior signal quality and resolution of more reaction steps. Now seven transitions were detected and attributed, according to the H/D-exchange, temperature, and pH effects on their time constants, to ET or PT events. The ET steps oxidizing the Mn4CaOn cluster in the S2 → S3 and S0 → S1 transitions, a biphasic PT prior to the O2-evolving reaction, as well as the reoxidation of the primary quinone acceptor (QA(-)) at the PSII acceptor side were detected for the first time by PBD. The associated volume changes involve (i) initial formation of charged groups resulting in contraction assignable to electrostriction, (ii) volume contraction explainable by reduced metal-ligand distances upon manganese oxidation, and (iii) charge-compensating proton removal resulting in volume expansion due to electrostriction reversal. These results support a reaction cycle of water oxidation exhibiting alternate ET and PT steps. An extended kinetic scheme for the O2-evolving S3 ⇒ S0 transition is proposed, which includes crucial structural and protonic events.
Potencies of antagonists indicate that 5‐HT<sub>1C</sub> receptors mediate 1–3(chlorophenyl)piperazine‐induced hypophagia (1991)

1. 1-3(Chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) inhibited 2 h food intake in rats previously deprived of food for one day. Ten 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists given s.c. opposed this hypophagic response. Calculated ID50 values correlated significantly with reported affinities (r = 0.81, n = 10, P less than 0.01) for 5-HT1C but not for 5-HT2, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B or 5-HT1D receptors. 2. ID50 values of the ten antagonists against 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) + carbidopa-induced head shakes (a 5-HT2-mediated response) correlated significantly (r = 0.81, n = 10, P less than 0.01) with their affinities for 5-HT2 but not for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C or 5-HT1D receptors. 3. ID50 values for inhibition of hypophagia and head shakes did not correlate significantly with each other. 4. Ratios of ID50 values against hypophagia and 5-HT2-mediated head shakes gave indices of relative in vivo potencies independent of differences in drug metabolism and disposition. These ratios correlated highly significantly (r = 0.91, n = 10, P less than 0.001) with the ratios of the affinities of the drugs for 5-HT1C (but not for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B or 5-HT1B or 5-HT1D receptors) and with their affinities for 5-HT2 receptors. These results strongly support the hypothesis that mediation of mCPP-induced hypophagia is by stimulation of 5-HT1C receptors and the mediation of 5-HTP-induced head twitches by 5-HT2 receptors.
Correction of Erroneous Characters in Chinese Sentence Analysis (2001)

This paper presents a method of automatically detecting and correcting erroneous characters in electronic Chinese texts. The characters to be corrected are those that are easily confused with other characters because of their phonological or graphical resemblance. The correction takes place as an integral part of syntactic analysis, where both the original character in the text and some replacement character(s) are considered, and the character that ends up in the final parse is identified as the correct one. The accuracy of this method substantially surpasses existing proofreaders in both recall and precision in the category of substitution errors. A demo of the system is available. 本文介绍一种汉语文本自动别字纠错系统。该系统所纠正的字均为因音同或形似而 易混淆的字。纠错在句子分析过程中进行:句子分析器会同时考虑原文中的字及该 字混淆集中的字,正确的字为最佳分析结果之结构树中所出现的字。使用该方法所 得到的纠错召回率和纠错精确率均大大超出现有的中文校对系统。