gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dodecylated Large Fullerenes: An Unusual Class of Solids (2008)

The large fullerenes that are formed during the synthesis of C60 by the arc discharge technique can be solubilized by reductive alkylation. The mass range of dodecylated large fullerenes determined by laser desorption ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry was found to be 650−3500 amu. The solubility of the dodecylated large fullerenes in chloroform is 15.7 g/L as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show the expected nontubular, ring-shaped contrast resembling large fullerenes attached to dodecyl groups. The dodecylated large fullerenes have distinctly different behavior than regular organic molecules in dipolar dephasing, magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C MAS NMR) experiments. Thermal gravimetric analysis and 13C MAS NMR experiments indicate that there is 1 dodecyl group for every 23 sp2 fullerene carbon atoms, that the quaternary aliphatic carbons generated upon dodecylation give signals considerably more shielded than those in alkylated C60 and C70 but similar to the quaternary aliphatic signals in dodecylated single-walled carbon nanotubes, and that the dodecyl groups in the dodecylated large fullerenes exhibit widely varying degrees of motional freedom. The last characteristic was unexpected and apparently results from a combination of dodecyl groups in void spaces of varying size and dodecyl groups on molecules that tumble at various rates.
The authors reply (2014)

Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Dynamic response of structures constructed from smart materials (1995)

The dynamic analysis of structures constructed of homogeneous smart materials is greatly simplified by the observation that the eigenfunctions of such structures are identical to those of the same structures constructed entirely of purely elastic materials. The dynamic analysis of such structures is thus reduced to the analysis of the temporal behaviour of the eigenmodes of the structure. The theory is illustrated for both continuous and discrete structures using the generalization of 'positive position feedback' to distributed control.
Technical Note—Dynamic Pricing with Heterogeneous Patience Levels (2020)

Price Discrimination and Patient Consumers
Polymer-supported manganese porphyrin catalysts—peptide-linker promoted chemoselectivity (2005)

Manganese porphyrin catalysts were tethered to polymer-supports via peptide linkers. The reactivity and chemoselectivity of the catalysts were assessed in the epoxidation of limonene. It was found that the inclusion of a peptide linker incorporating a donor heteroatom which could act as an axial ligand led to a supported manganese porphyrin catalyst with unprecedented selectivity and stability.
Nonlinear dynamics of feedback multilayer perceptrons (1990)

We study the nonlinear dynamics of multilayer perceptrons with feedback and propose their application to the analysis of signals with complex time dependence. We show that their dynamics provides a built-in time-warping invariance, as, e.g., required for presentation speed fluctuations in speech recognition. We suggest an appropriate learning rule (open-loop learning), give an analytical stability condition for the resulting multistable states, and determine their basins of attraction. To demonstrate their utility for possible applications, we consider the example of a three-stage feedback multilayer perceptron that is trained to detect words in a sequence of letters and does it with perfect invariance with respect to presentation speed fluctuations.
Aging investigation of motor winding insulation subjected to PWM-supply through PD measurements (2005)

This paper deals with an investigation of the relationship between partial discharge (PD) activity and aging of PWM-controlled motors. Online and offline PD measurements were carried out with the purpose of evaluating PD inception voltage, amplitude and repetition rate on motors aged by different electrical stresses. As insulation degradation progresses, PD inception voltage decreases, while PD amplitude and repetition rate raises. It is shown that these procedures can constitute an effective tool for quality control on manufactured motors, as well as for aging diagnosis on motor windings during operation.
Incommensurate Spin Dynamics of Underdoped Superconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1999)

The spin dynamics of the underdoped superconductor ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6.7}$ ( ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}67\mathrm{K}$) was revealed to have an incommensurate wave vector dependence with ``pillars'' in the dispersion relation at the positions ( $\frac{1}{2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}d,\frac{1}{2},0$) and ( $\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}d,0$). This is the same symmetry as that found in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. The value of the incommensurability, $d\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01\mathrm{r}.\mathrm{l}.\mathrm{u}\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{8}$, is very close to the value expected from the hole concentration. These results have demonstrated that the spin dynamics do not depend on the details of Fermi surface but have an analogous form to that for the proposed stripe domain structure.
Head induction in the chick by primitive endoderm of mammalian, but not avian origin (1999)

Different types of endoderm, including primitive, definitive and mesendoderm, play a role in the induction and patterning of the vertebrate head. We have studied the formation of the anterior neural plate in chick embryos using the homeobox gene GANF as a marker. GANF is first expressed after mesendoderm ingression from Hensen's node. We found that, after transplantation, neither the avian hypoblast nor the anterior definitive endoderm is capable of GANF induction, whereas the mesendoderm (young head process, prechordal plate) exhibits a strong inductive potential. GANF induction cannot be separated from the formation of a proper neural plate, which requires an intact lower layer and the presence of the prechordal mesendoderm. It is inhibited by BMP4 and promoted by the presence of the BMP antagonist Noggin. In order to investigate the inductive potential of the mammalian visceral endoderm, we used rabbit embryos which, in contrast to mouse embryos, allow the morphological recognition of the prospective anterior pole in the living, pre-primitive-streak embryo. The anterior visceral endoderm from such rabbit embryos induced neuralization and independent, ectopic GANF expression domains in the area pellucida or the area opaca of chick hosts. Thus, the signals for head induction reside in the anterior visceral endoderm of mammals whereas, in birds and amphibia, they reside in the prechordal mesendoderm, indicating a heterochronic shift of the head inductive capacity during the evolution of mammalia.
Investigation of the First-Order Phase Transition in the Co<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Mg<sub><i>x</i></sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>Solid Solution and Discussion of the Associated Thermochromic Behavior (2011)

A series of compounds of Co(1-x)Mg(x)MoO(4) compositions has been prepared by a conventional ceramic route. The members of the whole solid solution exhibit a reversible first-order phase transition which was probed by using thermal expansion and low-temperature reflectivity techniques. Whereas the α → β transition temperature evolves linearly on warming from 435 to 200 °C with x going from 0 to 0.9, the β → α transition temperature variation falls down on cooling from -40 °C to -140 °C going from CoMoO(4) to Co(0.1)Mg(0.9)MoO(4) with an asymptotic evolution. The phase transition temperatures have been explained on the basis of a crystal polarization effect under substitution of Mg for Co. Thus, from an applicative point of view, new thermochromic pigments with tunable transition temperatures are here proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl<sub>3</sub>/TMSCl: An Effective Catalytic System for the Conjugate Addition of Sodium p‐Toluenesulfinate to α,β‐Enones. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Topological Optimization of Multiple-Level Array Logic (1987)

A generalized topological optimization tool for array-based layout styles is presented. This tool can be used for automated layout synthesis of logic networks in a variety of technologies and design styles, including static CMOS, static NMOS and dynamic MOS domino structures. Results obtained compare favorably with technology and design-style-specific synthesis systems. The topological optimization tool is a generalized array optimizer which can be used for the multiple constrained folding of programmable logic array, gate matrix, Weinberger array, multilevel matrix, and storage/logic array structures. The optimizer uses simulated-annealing-based algorithms and performs as well as or better than existing specialized PLA folding programs and gate matrix folders. The different layout style alternatives allow area-efficient synthesis of logic circuits in various technologies. Layout for sequential logic in the form of storage/logic arrays has been automated for the first time. A multiprocessor implementation of the simulated-annealing-based algorithms for generalized array optimization has been developed on the Sequent Balance 8000 multiprocessor. Dynamic windowing and dynamic partitioning techniques have resulted in an efficient parallel implementation of simulated annealing.
Visual inspection of machined parts (2003)

A CAD-model-based machine vision system for dimensional inspection of machine parts is described, with emphasis on the theory behind the system. The original contributions of this work are: (1) the use of precise definitions of geometric tolerances suitable for use in image processing, (2) the development of measurement algorithms corresponding directly to these definitions, (3) the derivation of the uncertainties in the measurement tasks, and (4) the use of this uncertainty information in the decision-making process. Initial experimental results have verified the uncertainty derivations statistically and proved that the error probabilities obtained by propagating uncertainties are lower than those obtainable without uncertainty propagation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high-quality cross-sectioning method: Examples of applications in optimizing solar cell contact firing (2011)

A damage-free polishing method is developed to prepare a high-quality cross-section of a large length of a solar cell. A 1-inch-long sample is diced from the solar cell and embedded in wax using a specially designed chuck. The sample edge is sequentially polished by progressively reducing the grit sizes. The final polishing is done by Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP). This polishing procedure produces a highly flat edge, with excellent interfaces between metal contacts and the Si cell. The planarity of the wafer edge makes it possible to perform a variety of analyses of various regions and the interfaces of the cell, using optical microscopy, EDX, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and conductive AFM (C-AFM). Here, we will discuss some details of the chuck and the polishing procedure, and present some applications for optimizing the contact firing process. This method has an added advantage of delineating the back surface field for optical observation.
Brucella melitensis induces the Unfolded Protein Response in macrophages (55.14) (2012)

Abstract Brucella melitensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. As no current vaccine is available, and current therapy suboptimal, a better understanding of how Brucella establishes an intracellular replicative niche is necessary. Brucella fuses with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in order to replicate, and thus may provoke an ER stress response called the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). In this study, we found upregulation of the UPR target genes BiP and CHOP, as well as XBP1 mRNA splicing in both RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and bone marrow macrophages infected with B. melitensis. These data indicate activation of all 3 major axes of the UPR. BiP and CHOP upregulation was MyD88 independent. Furthermore, upregulation of BiP, CHOP and the XBP1 target ERdj4 was ablated in the heat killed and VirB (ER fusion) Brucella mutant. Finally, taurodeoxycholic acid, a UPR inhibitor, significantly impaired Brucella replication. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 also suppressed replication, consistent with previous reports implicating the IRE-1-dependent UPR pathway. Together, these results suggest Brucella induces the UPR to aid in its intracellular replication, and that the UPR could be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of brucellosis.
Molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory specificity of a<i>Drosophila</i>homeodomain protein that specifies myoblast identity (2012)

A subfamily of Drosophila homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (TFs) controls the identities of individual muscle founder cells (FCs). However, the molecular mechanisms by which these TFs generate unique FC genetic programs remain unknown. To investigate this problem, we first applied genome-wide mRNA expression profiling to identify genes that are activated or repressed by the muscle HD TFs Slouch (Slou) and Muscle segment homeobox (Msh). Next, we used protein-binding microarrays to define the sequences that are bound by Slou, Msh and other HD TFs that have mesodermal expression. These studies revealed that a large class of HDs, including Slou and Msh, predominantly recognize TAAT core sequences but that each HD also binds to unique sites that deviate from this canonical motif. To understand better the regulatory specificity of an individual FC identity HD, we evaluated the functions of atypical binding sites that are preferentially bound by Slou relative to other HDs within muscle enhancers that are either activated or repressed by this TF. These studies showed that Slou regulates the activities of particular myoblast enhancers through Slou-preferred sequences, whereas swapping these sequences for sites that are capable of binding to multiple HD family members does not support the normal regulatory functions of Slou. Moreover, atypical Slou-binding sites are overrepresented in putative enhancers associated with additional Slou-responsive FC genes. Collectively, these studies provide new insights into the roles of individual HD TFs in determining cellular identity, and suggest that the diversity of HD binding preferences can confer regulatory specificity.
Competitiveness and private sector development in Africa: cross country evidence from the World Bank's investment climate data (2004)

Investment Climate Survey data are now available for several member countries of the World Bank, including eight in Sub-Saharan Africa. These reports and the surveys that underpin them have generated very large quantities of data on many dimensions of the business environment. This paper is an attempt to synthesize some of the key, commonly available indicators in a comparative framework, focusing on Africa and using countries such as China, India, Morocco, and Bolivia as international reference points. From indicators in the areas of macroeconomic stability, finance, market structure, infrastructure, skills, customs procedures, labor regulations, business regulations, corruption, and security, it is evident that most African business environments still have serious shortcomings compared with their international competitors. Although more analysis is needed to quantify the impact of different dimensions of the business environment on firm-level productivity, in some cases the direct costs of poor business environments to firms are quantifiable, and the results are striking. The results suggest that improved competitiveness in Africa will require lower costs of doing business and higher productivity, not lower real wages, which are not the main obstacle.
Transfer Factors in Escherichia coli with Particular Regard to Their Incidence in Enteropathogenic Strains (1970)

SUMMARY: Strains of Escherichia coli were isolated whose resistance to ampicillin (Ap), tetracyclines (Tc) or streptomycin and sulphonamides (SmSu) or whose production of colicine (Col) or α-haemolysin (Hly) could not be transmitted to E. coli k 12 F−. Determinants controlling these characters (except Ap), could be mobilized in some of them after infection with transfer factors. Of 60 strains of E. coli isolated from the faeces of healthy pigs, cattle and human beings and selected because they did not possess R factors and did not produce colicine, α-haemolysin, porcine enterotoxin (Ent) or K 88 antigen (transmissible characteristics), 20 (33%) contained transfer factors that could mobilize determinants from one or more of nine determinant donor strains; 8 contained at least two transfer factors, one fi − and the other fi +. The nine determinant donor strains contained Tc, SmSu, Col or Hly determinants; some were wild strains and others were obtained from interrupted mating experiments in which E. coli k 12 F− was the recipient strain. The ability of a transfer factor to mobilize a determinant was not simply a function of the transfer factor and the determinant but was strain-dependent. Positive results were obtained most frequently when transfer was between strains of k 12. Transfer factors that could mobilize determinants in determinant donor strains were found in all except one of 78 porcine enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli selected because they did not possess R factors or transmissible colicine. Nearly all of them produced α-haemolysin and over half of them K 88 antigen. On the evidence available, the high incidence of transfer factors in these strains suggests that enterotoxin production in all of them was controlled by transmissible plasmids and that the genetic determinants controlling α-haemolysin production in some of them might be chromosomal. The linkage between Ent and the factor responsible for its transfer was not always close. Despite a previous statement to the contrary (Smith & Halls, 1968), this transfer factor was fi − both fi − and fi + factors could transfer Hly. No close association between the plasmids controlling the five characteristics Neo (neomycin resistance), Ent, Col, Hly and K 88 was apparent in mating experiments using as donor a porcine strain of E. coli carrying all five transmissible plasmids. Transfer factors were found in 15 of 21 human enteropathogenic strains and in one of five sheep enteropathogenic strains; none of these 26 strains possessed characteristics known to be transmissible.
[Advanced epithelial cancers of the ovary: results of 4 chemotherapy protocols (110 cases)]. (1982)

Following surgery for epithelial carcinoma of the ovary, FIGO stages IIc, III and IV, 110 patients received chemotherapy in one of four treatment regimens (Melphalan; Cyclophosphamide-Methotrexate-Fluoro uracil; Cyclophosphamide-Cisplatinum; Cyclophosphamide-Cisplatinum-Fluoro-uracil). Melphalan alone was as effective as combination chemotherapy and less toxic. The study confirms that the survival duration is inversely correlated to the stage of the disease and to the amount of residual disease following surgery. It also confirms the role of the "second look" surgery in the evaluation of the response to chemotherapy, and in the overall management of the disease.
Highly Transparent Lu‐α‐SiAlON (2004)

Novel Lu‐α‐SiAlON ceramics were produced by hot pressing mixtures of Si 3 N 4 , Lu 2 O 3 , AlN, and Al 2 O 3 at 1950°C for 2 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resultant SiAlON was fully dense and possessed a uniform, equiaxed microstructure with a grain size of ∼1 μm, which resulted in a high hardness of >19 GPa. In addition to high hardness, the sample showed very high optical transparency in the visible light region, with >70% transmission at higher wavelengths. This high transparency was attributed to the uniform, dense microstructure and lack of residual grain‐boundary phase.
Assessing boreal forest fire smoke aerosol impacts on U.S. air quality: A case study using multiple data sets (2011)

[1] We synthesize multiple ground-based and satellite measurements to track the physical and chemical evolution of biomass burning smoke plumes transported from western Canada to the northeastern U.S. This multiple data set case study is an advantageous methodology compared with using individual or small groups of data sets, each with their own limitations. The case study analyzed is a Canadian boreal forest fire event on July 4, 2006 with carbonaceous aerosol smoke emission magnitudes comparable to those during the summer fire seasons of the previous decade. We track long-range transport of these aerosol plumes with data from space-borne remote sensing satellite instruments (MODIS, OMI, MISR, CALIOP lidar, AIRS) and ground-based in situ and remote aerosol observations (AERONET CIMEL sky/Sun photometer, MPLNET lidar, IMPROVE, EPA AirNow). Convective lofting elevated smoke emissions above the boundary layer into the free troposphere, where high speed winds aloft led to rapid, long-range transport. Aerosol layer subsidence occurred during transport due to a region of surface high pressure. Smoke aerosols reaching the boundary layer led to surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) enhancements accompanied by changes in aerosol composition as the plume mixed with anthropogenic aerosols over the northeastern U.S. The extensive coverage of this smoke plume over the northeastern U.S. affected regional air quality, with increases of 10–20 μg m−3 PM2.5 attributable to biomass burning smoke aerosols and EPA 24-hour PM2.5 standard exceedances along the U.S. East Coast. Although each data set individually provides a limited view of the transport of smoke emissions, we demonstrate that a multi–data set approach results in a more comprehensive view of potential impacts due to long-range transport of smoke from a less extreme fire event. Our case study demonstrates that fires emit smoke aerosols that under certain meteorological conditions can degrade regional air quality 3000 km from the source region, with additional implications for aerosol radiative forcing and regional haze over the northeastern U.S.
Elevated Afterload, Neuroendocrine Stimulation, and Human Heart Failure Increase BNP Levels and Inhibit Preload-Dependent SERCA Upregulation (2008)

Afterload and neuroendocrine stimulation increase BNP expression thereby causing inhibition of preload-dependent SERCA upregulation. In failing human myocardium, high BNP expression may underlie the loss of preload-dependent upregulation of SERCA. BNP may thus contribute to adverse myocardial remodelling in heart failure.
What’s New in Hip Replacement (2015)

Ninomiya, James T. MD, MS1; Dean, John C. MD2; Incavo, Stephen J. MD3 Author Information