gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different Modeling Approaches for a Heterogeneous Liquid−Liquid Reaction Process (2005)

Multivariate linear regression (MLR) techniques were used to develop empirical models which are able to predict the formation of the main product and byproducts of the adiabatic benzene nitration process, as a function of the main operating conditions. Experiments carried out in a pilot plant enabled us to reproduce the operating conditions of the industrial process, providing experimental data in the intermediate and fast reaction regimes. The nitrobenzene (MNB) formation was modeled according to the film and Danckwerts mechanistic models, and the results were compared with a MLR model, showing that both approaches are suitable for describing this reaction. Nevertheless, the results stress an improved performance of the MLR model when compared to the mechanistic models, despite its structural simplicity. The statistical models developed for the nitrophenols (NPs), namely for the dinitrophenol and trinitrophenol (DNP and TNP, respectively), describe accurately the formation of these byproducts, overcoming the lack of data on kinetic and physical-chemical properties required by the mechanistic approach. The MLR models can be used for process optimization regarding conversion, productivity, and selectivity. By making use of these models, it was possible to estimate the operating conditions (temperature, 81 °C; FB/FN ratio, 1.5; residence time, 1.9 min; nitric acid concentration, 2.6%; sulfuric acid concentration, 64%; interfacial area, 46.7 × 103m2·m-3) that enable the attainment of a 99.99% MNB yield, with a total NP concentration<215 ppm.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Gene Therapy in Obese Diabetic Mice Results in Long-Term Cure of Diabetes by Improving Insulin Sensitivity and Reducing Hepatic Gluconeogenesis (2007)

Long-term treatment with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 or its analog can improve insulin sensitivity. However, continuous administration is required due to its short half-life. We hypothesized that continuous production of therapeutic levels of GLP-1 in vivo by a gene therapy strategy may remit hyperglycemia and maintain prolonged normoglycemia. We produced a recombinant adenovirus expressing GLP-1 (rAd-GLP-1) under the cytomegalovirus promoter, intravenously injected it into diabetic ob/ob mice, and investigated the effect of this treatment on remission of diabetes, as well as the mechanisms involved. rAd-GLP-1-treated diabetic ob/ob mice became normoglycemic 4 days after treatment, remained normoglycemic over 60 days, and had reduced body weight gain. Glucose tolerance tests found that exogenous glucose was cleared normally. rAd-GLP-1-treated diabetic ob/ob mice showed improved beta-cell function, evidenced by glucose-responsive insulin release, and increased insulin sensitivity, evidenced by improved insulin tolerance and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. rAd-GLP-1 treatment increased basal levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 in the liver and activation of IRS-1 and protein kinase C by insulin in liver and muscle; increased Akt activation was only observed in muscle. rAd-GLP-1 treatment reduced hepatic glucose production and hepatic expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fatty acid synthase in ob/ob mice. Taken together, these results show that a single administration of rAd-GLP-1 results in the long-term remission of diabetes in ob/ob mice by improving insulin sensitivity through restoration of insulin signaling and reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Influence of Working Temperature on The Formation of Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers (2017)

Temperature is an important parameter during electrospinning, and virtually, all solution electrospinning processes are conducted at ambient temperature. Nanofiber diameters presumably decrease with the elevation of working fluid temperature. The present study investigated the influence of temperature variations on the formation of polymeric nanofibers during single-fluid electrospinning. The surface tension and viscosity of the fluid decreased with increasing working temperature, which led to the formation of high-quality nanofibers. However, the increase in temperature accelerated the evaporation of the solvent and thus terminated the drawing processes prematurely. A balance can be found between the positive and negative influences of temperature elevation. With polyacrylonitrile (PAN, with N,N-dimethylacetamide as the solvent) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, with ethanol as the solvent) as the polymeric models, relationships between the working temperature (T, K) and nanofiber diameter (D, nm) were established, with D = 12598.6 - 72.9T + 0.11T <sup>2</sup> (R = 0.9988) for PAN fibers and D = 107003.4 - 682.4T + 1.1T <sup>2</sup> (R = 0.9997) for PVP nanofibers. Given the fact that numerous polymers are sensitive to temperature and numerous functional ingredients exhibit temperature-dependent solubility, the present work serves as a valuable reference for creating novel functional nanoproducts by using the elevated temperature electrospinning process.
An Alternative Minimum Level Definition for Analytical Quantification (1997)

This paper presents a new approach to quantitative de termination in analytical chemistry. Various historical ap proaches to determining the quantification limit are reviewed. The Alternative Minimum Level (AML) directly models the relationship between variability and concentration and can incorporate variability from multiple analysts, instruments, and laboratories. In addition, the AML incorporates uncertainty in the calibration function that relates instrument response to true concentration and uncertainty in the standard deviation at the AML. The net result is that the AML is robust to selection of spiking concentration and only requires that we have a reasonably accurate model of the relationship between concentration and standard deviation of instrument response or measured concentration. Computation of the AML and comparative approaches is illustrated in detail using research data provided by the U.S. EPA on ICPMS Method 1638 for cadmium in reagent water.
10 대 미혼모의 문제와 복지대책에 관한 연구 (2001)

This study is to propose future welfare policies through a survey on current grovemment welfare policies and the problems and caused of unwed teen age mothers. This study was executed through analysis of previous theoretical and experimental research and statistics. First is a rationalization of future welfare policies and systems which are financially supported by the govemment, laws for unwed mothers, legalization on the responsibility of unwed fathers, continuous development, application, and evaluation of program, and systematization of statistical data. Second, in order to improve sex education and unwed mother programs the following suggestions are needed for the prevention of unwed mothers: sex education on line, substantial sex education through various small groups, diversification and improvement of management of counseling centers and residential treatment homes for unwed mothers, diversification and specialization of counseling approach for unwed parents and their family, and technical job training programs in community.
745 (2010)

C-16 Free Communication/Slide - Physical Activity Epidemiology: JUNE 3, 2010 8: 00 AM - 10: 00 AM: ROOM: 343: PDF Only
A Demand Estimation Procedure for Retail Assortment Optimization with Results from Implementations (2014)

We consider the problem of choosing, from a set of N potential stock-keeping units (SKUs) in a retail category, K SKUs to be carried at each store to maximize revenue or profit. Assortments can vary by store, subject to a maximum number of different assortments. We view a SKU as a set of attribute levels and also model possible substitutions when a customer's first choice is not in the assortment. We apply maximum likelihood estimation to sales history of the SKUs currently carried by the retailer to estimate the demand for attribute levels and substitution probabilities, and from this, the demand for any potential SKU, including those not currently carried by the retailer. We specify several alternative heuristics for choosing SKUs to be carried in an assortment. We apply this approach to optimize assortments for three real examples: snack cakes, tires, and automotive appearance chemicals. A portion of our recommendations for tires and appearance chemicals were implemented and produced sales increases of 5.8% and 3.6%, respectively, which are significant improvements relative to typical retailer annual comparable store revenue increases. We also forecast sales shares of 1, 11, and 25 new SKUs for the snack cake, tire, and automotive appearance chemical applications, respectively, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 16.2%, 19.1%, and 28.7%, which compares favorably to the 30.7% MAPE for chain sales of two new SKUs reported by Fader and Hardie (1996). This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Amplitude and phase compensation of RAC-type chirp lines on quartz (2003)

A novel method for correction of the amplitude and phase response of RAC (reflecting array pulse compressor)-type chirp lines on quartz is demonstrated. The corrections are obtained through normal or reactive RF sputter etching of the lines through a moving slit. For amplitude correction the material selectivity of reactive sputter etching is used to correct the groove depth after initial fabrication of the lines. A thin Cr film, left in place in the finished line, is used as an etching mask. Phase correction is done by sputtering off gold from a gold line between the two arrays. Using this method a Kaiser-Bessel weighted line with a chirp rate of 0.0576 MHz/ mu s and 120- mu s dispersive delay was made, and weighted RMS (root mean square) amplitude and phase errors of 0.086 dB and 0.45 degrees were obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indefatigable CA1 Sector Neuroprotection with Mild Hypothermia Induced 6 Hours after Severe Forebrain Ischemia in Rats (1999)

Considerable controversy exists about whether postischemic hypothermia can permanently salvage hippocampal CA 1 neurons or just postpone injury. Studies of very brief cooling in rat have found transient benefit, whereas experiments in gerbil using protracted hypothermia report lasting protection. This discrepancy might be because of the greater efficacy of longer cooling or it might, for example, represent an important species difference. In the present study, a 48-hour period of mild hypothermia was induced starting 6 hours after 10 minutes of severe four-vessel occlusion ischemia in rats. Untreated normothermic ischemia resulted in total CA1 cell loss (99%), whereas delayed hypothermia treatment reduced neuronal loss to 14% at a 28-day survival. In unregulated rats, brain temperature spontaneously fell during ischemia, and stayed subnormal for an extended period after ischemia. This mild cooling resulted in more variable and less severe CA1 injury (75%). Finally, vertebral artery cauterization under halothane anesthesia caused an approximately 2°C drop in brain temperature for 1 hour, but prevention of this hypothermia did not significantly affect CA1 damage. In summary, protracted postischemic hypothermia provided robust and long-term CA 1 protection in rat. These results encourage the clinical assessment of prolonged hypothermia and its use as a model to understand ischemic CA1 injury.
Spherical Nanocrystalline Barium Zirconate Titanate Prepared by Co-Precipitation in Highly Basic Aqueous Solution (2013)

Spherical monosized barium zirconate titanate nanoparticles (Ba(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (BZT) when x = 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35) have been prepared by co-precipitation in a strongly alkaline solution (20 M NaOH) at 80°C. The phase formation of the as-precipitated powders was characterized by XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy as a single-phase BZT with cubic perovskite oxide structure. This indicates that crystalline BZT powders can be obtained from the co-precipitation in 20 M NaOH without the requirement of calcination process. SEM analysis showed that BZT had nanosized spherical morphology with uniform shape and size. The crystal sizes obtained by TEM analysis were 20-40 nm.
Water Purification Using Non-thermal Plasma Driven by Blumlein-line Stacked Pulsed Power Generator (2009)

A water purification by streamer discharge using a stacked Blumlein line pulsed power generator under the water containing pollutants has been investigated. The pulsed power generator consisted of six stacked Blumlein line to generate high voltage with low charging voltage. The output voltage was applied to a wire electrode to generate streamer discharge in the water. The wire electrode was set on an array of small size holes of an air tube. The air bubbles were injected into the water through the holes to assist the discharge development. A plane electrode was used as ground electrode and was placed in the water apart from several cm from the high-voltage wire electrode. Acid Blue 64 solution was employed as a specimen. Number of discharges increased with increasing number of the holes. Energy efficiency for decolorization of the solution was improved by increasing number of discharges produced simultaneously at same input energy. The degradation efficiency and energy transfer from the pulsed power generator to the reactor decreased when a streamer-to-arc transition occurred. The solution of 2000 μS/cm conductivity was successfully decolorized using the wire electrode placed in the air tube to reduce ohmic loss with high-conductive solution.
A Practical Approach to Indoor Path Loss Modeling Based on Deep Learning (2021)

Deep learning has become one of the most powerful prediction approaches, and it can be used to solve classification and regression problems. We present a novel deep learning-based indoor Wi-Fi path loss modeling approach. Specifically, we propose a local area multi-line scanning algorithm that generates input images based on measurement locations and a floor plan. As the input images contain information regarding the propagation environment between the fixed access points (APs) and measurement locations, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model can be trained to learn the features of the indoor environment and approximate the underlying functions of the Wi-Fi signal propagation. The proposed deep learning-based indoor path loss model can achieve superior performance over 3D ray-tracing methods. The average root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted and measured received signal strength values in the two scenarios is 4.63 dB.
On the fate of early endosomes (2009)

Proteins are endocytosed by various pathways into the cell. All these pathways converge at the level of the early endosome. The fate of the early endosome and how proteins are sorted into recycling and late endosomes/multi-vesicular body is a matter of debate and intense research. Obviously, the transition from early to late endosome poses an interesting logistic problem and would merit attention on an intellectual level. Numerous diseases are also caused by defects in turning off/over signaling molecules or mis-sorting of proteins at the level of the early endosome. This brief review aims to discuss different molecular mechanisms whereby early-to-late endosome transition could be achieved.
In Situ Observation of Lymphocyte-Tumor Cell Interaction in Human Lung Carcinoma (1989)

Of thirty surgical specimens of human lung carcinoma examined with electron microscopy, eleven were found to contain killer cells (cytotoxic lymphocytes). Nearly one-third of the killer cells showed the polarization of their cytoplasm in which Golgi apparatus, dense granules or centrioles could be seen. The tumor cells conjugated by the killer cells showed lesions to varying degrees, including loss of cell membranes, alterations of cell organelles, even cell necrosis. The killer cells frequently penetrated into the cytoplasm, even the muclei of the tumor cells. The results of the present study suggest that the lymphocyte-mediated tumor cell lysis may exist in the microenvironment of human lung carcinoma and that some of these cytotoxic lymphocytes may kill their target cells by a similar mechanism of the pore formation or granule exocytosis model, but some different aspects were also observed, as compared with the results of the in vitro studies.
Fourier Transforms of Real Data in Two and Three Dimensions (1989)

First Page
Behaviour of simply supported RC skew slabs stiffened with shallow beams (2021)

Skew slab is the most common structural element that finds numerous applications in practice, especially when there is any space constraint that prevents the selection of either square or rectangular slab. Due to its geometry, this type of slab behaves differently in comparison to the rectangular slabs and it is a very time-consuming process to predict the moment field in such type of slabs. It becomes still more complicated when some beam system is used to meet the prescribed serviceability criterion. A set of mathematical expressions is presented in the paper that could be of help to predict the moment field being induced in skew slabs under external loads. The outcome of the proposed expressions is validated experimentally as well as numerically; a good agreement is observed in the results. An illustrative example is also presented in the paper to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed expressions.
Crowdsourcing step-by-step information extraction to enhance existing how-to videos (2014)

Millions of learners today use how-to videos to master new skills in a variety of domains. But browsing such videos is often tedious and inefficient because video player interfaces are not optimized for the unique step-by-step structure of such videos. This research aims to improve the learning experience of existing how-to videos with step-by-step annotations.
Determination of the Particle Size Distribution of Powders by Means of a Photosedimentograph, (1975)

A method is described for determining the particle size distribution (1 - 40 micrometers) of small powdered samples (5 - 30 mg). The measurement is carried out with a photosedimentograph consisting of a Leitz-sedimentometer, a light source of constant intensity, a commercial recorder, a thermostat, and some other accessories. The analysis is semi-automatic, and leads to accurate results within only one hour.
<title>Passive Components For Integrated-Optics Signal Processing</title> (1979)

The scope of integrated optics is to perform signal processing at optical frequencies by using a miniature planar configuration consisting of thin films deposited on a suitable substrate. By utilizing guided optical waves rather than electric currents, such a planar configuration may perform functions analogous to those presently achieved by integrated electronics components. In this presentation, we shall review the forms and basic operation of passive components of current interest in integrated optics. Devices involving active components are being described in other presentations.
Lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of menhaden oil with conjugated linoleic acid: Effect of water content (2002)

The effect of the water content on the lipase-catalyzed (Candida rugosa) interesterification (acidolysis) of menhaden oil with conjugated linoleic acid was studied for amounts of added water ranging from 0-4% (w/w). The rate of the acidolysis reaction increased with increasing water content, but the corresponding percentage of n-3 fatty acids liberated also increased. The implications of water content for minimization of the release of n-3 fatty acid residues while maximizing incorporation of CLA are discussed.
MFP: Multivariable Model‐Building with Fractional Polynomials (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Motivation The MFP Algorithm Presenting the Model Model Criticism Further Topics Further Examples Simple Versus Complex Fractional Polynomial Models Discussion
Modeling of planar circuits including the effect of space-varying surface impedances (1991)

Microstrip circuit calculations including the effect of lumped impedances can be carried out by describing the lumped elements mathematically with the help of Delta -functions. This approach is based on the assumption of impedances with infinitesimally small extension in one dimension. This approach is generalized for impedances of finite extent. Space-varying surface impedances are introduced that are incorporated into the mixed space-spectral domain analysis. The circuit is embedded in layered media and is fed by an arbitrary number of planar lines. Examples for microstrip lines with an absorbing impedance region are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A simulation-based performance analysis of gang scheduling in a distributed system (2003)

In distributed systems job scheduling is a difficult problem. In this work we study a special type of scheduling called gang scheduling under which jobs consist of a number of interacting tasks which are scheduled to run simultaneously on distinct processors. The performance of various gang scheduling schemes is studied and compared for a variety of workloads. The main objective of the processor schedulers is to achieve high overall system throughput while at the same time providing some guarantee for the performance of individual jobs in the system.
Wind Turbine Blade Stress Analysis And Natural Frequencies (1978)

There are many problems to be addressed with respect to the design o f wind turbine blades. Foremost among these are aerodynamic performance, structural integrity and cost. The subject of aerodynamic performance, at least in the steady state condition, has been dealt with at some length by various investigators. The cost of a blade system is beyond the scope of this paper. The structural integrity o f wind turbine blades must be insured in both the static and dynamic load cases. The critical static load has been determined to be a hurricane wind perpendicular t o the blade planform. The dynamic loads include the fluctuating component due to the wind and all blade-support interactions. Vital to an understanding o f these structural problems is a description of the natural frequencies and mode shapes o f the blades. These considerations are the subject of this paper. While these characteristics can be computed using existing programs (e.g. NASTRAN) the cost of the repetititve use of those codes is prohibitive for the general user. The enclosed codes are much less expensive to run, and are not as comprehensive. They are, however, closely matched to the needs of the Alternative Energy Program of the School of Engineering at the University of Massachusetts, and have been developed to be o f use to the small wind energy conversion industry.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Matricaria recutita (Chamomile) Extract Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2009)

This is the first controlled clinical trial of chamomile extract for GAD. The results suggest that chamomile may have modest anxiolytic activity in patients with mild to moderate GAD. Future studies are needed to replicate these observations.
New Design of an Electrolytic Cell for the Study of Electroplating Phenomena (1956)

By means of the theory of the electropotential, the geometrical shape of a new electroplating cell was deduced in which the current density along the cathode is linear and can be calculated directly from the total current and voltage of the cell.