gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LA COMPATIBILITE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE DES SYSTEMES DE RECUEIL DE DONNEES DE TRAFIC (1996)

This article deals with the consolidation of research carried out in 1994 and 1995 in the context of the DRIVE II EMCATT European project on the electromagnetic compatibility (radiation and immunity) of traffic data-gathering systems incorporating electromagnetic loops: sensors, detectors and stations. After reviewing the principles of detection, the authors refer to two surveys conducted in Europe under this project, giving the nature and percentage of cases of malfunctioning observed and the remedies known. In situ observations made on different urban, peri-urban and inter-urban sites subsequently made it possible to measure the ambient electromagnetic field up to 1 GHz and the currents induced in the input and output cables of traffic recording stations. This identified the most damaging perturbations. Laboratory tests were also carried out, first on different types of loop (with validation of a radiation model), then on different types of detector (tested at the factory or otherwise) in relation to electromagnetic compatibility, and finally on traffic stations by introducing known faults so as to generate malfunctioning and establish levels of sensitivity. This research enables various standardization groups to be given some simple recommendations concerning the design, installation and diagnosis of data-gathering systems where electromagnetic compatibility is concerned. These recommendations complement more general European directives and standards.
Fetal enterolithiasis and anhydramnios; due toin utero hepatorenal syndrome? (1998)

Enterolithiasis is a rare, prenatal ultrasonographic finding. Previously reported cases were invariably associated with major fetal malformations. We describe a case of fetal enterolithiasis and anhydramnios in an anatomically normal fetus who, at autopsy, showed end-stage fetal liver disease. Fetal hepatorenal syndrome is the most probable cause of this in utero sonographic combination.
RAP1‐like binding activity in islet cells corresponds to members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors (1997)

Deletion and mutational analyses of the gastrin promoter have identified a binding site for the yeast transcription factor RAP1 relevant for transcriptional activation in islet cells. We here report that the mammalian transcription factors binding to this site in islet cells are the Sp transcription factor members Sp1 and Sp3. Furthermore, functional analyses revealed Sp1- and Sp3-mediated transcriptional activation of gastrin. These data reveal that the zinc finger proteins Sp1 and Sp3 do have similar binding specificities as the multifunctional yeast RAP1 protein.
MIGRATION OF DONOR MHC CLASS II+ CELLS, ACTIVATION OF RECIPIENT IMMUNO RESPONSES, AND APOPTOSIS: COMPARISON BETWEEN HEART AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. (2000)

Okuda, Toyokazu1; Demetris, Anthony J.1; Ichikawa, Naoya1; Takahashi, Yoshihito1; Starzl, Thomas E.1; Murase, Noriko1 Author Information
Enhancing Osteoconductivity of Fibrin Gels with Apatite-Coated Polymer Microspheres (2013)

Fibrin gels are a promising material for use in promoting bone repair and regeneration due to their ease of implant formation, tailorability, biocompatibility, and degradation by natural processes. However, these materials lack necessary osteoconductivity to nucleate calcium, integrate with surrounding bone, and promote bone formation. Polymeric substrata formed from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) are widely used in bone tissue engineering. A carbonated apatite layer of bone-like mineral can be successfully grown on the surface of PLG microspheres after a multiday incubation process in modified simulated body fluid. Such coatings improve the osteoconductivity of the polymer, provide nucleation sites for cell-secreted calcium, and enhance the potential osseointegration with host tissue. We examined the capacity of mineralized polymeric microspheres suspended within fibrin hydrogels to enhance the osteoconductivity of fibrin gels and increase the osteogenic potential of these materials. The inclusion of microparticles, both nonmineralized and mineralized, reduced the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to contract the gel. When cultured in osteogenic media, we detected a near linear increase in both calcium and phosphate incorporation in gels containing mineralized microspheres and entrapped MSCs. The osteoconductivity of acellular fibrin gels with mineralized and nonmineralized microspheres was assessed in a rodent calvarial bone defect over 12 weeks. Compared to untreated rodent calvarial bone defects, we detected significant increases in early vascularization when treated with fibrin gels, with greater vascularization, on average, occurring with gels containing microspheres. We detected a trend for increased bone mineral density in gels containing mineralized microspheres after 12 weeks. These findings demonstrate that the osteoconductivity of fibrin gels can be increased by inclusion of mineralized microspheres, but additional signals may be required to rapidly accelerate bone repair.
Congenital Ingrown Toenails (1982)

The great toenails of 302 newborn infants were evaluated to identify a specific conformation which might predispose these children to chronic paronychia. Forty-one infants who appeared to have great toenails impeded by tissue distally were followed for 12 months. All had essentially normal appearing nails by six months of age. None developed chronic paronychia. The results suggest that the changes originally noted were variations in the normal development of the great toenail.
Adaptation to low-level tonal stimuli (1985)

Adaptation to low-level, continuous tones has been measured via magnitude estimation, loudness balancing, and subjective report with varying degrees of success. We needed an efficient procedure for measuring adaptation in subjects with tinnitus because of our use of long-duration signals in the study of tinnitus. A double-staircase procedure was used to obtain bifrequency loudness matches between a 1000-Hz reference and a 4000-Hz exposure (adaptation) tone for normal-hearing young adults at 10–50 dB SL. Loudness matches were made twice before, during, and after a continuous 10-min exposure. Data blocks where the sound pressure level of the exposure was instrumentally increased or decreased were used for training and as a check on the procedure. The means of the 70% and 30% positions on the psychometric functions were used to estimate the loudness of the 1000-Hz standard. Approximately 2 1/2 min were needed to collect 84 trials for this calculation. Pilot data indicated that the procedure was sensitive to sound pressure level changes and to loudness adaptation of the 4000-Hz tone. [Work supported by grant NS-17273.]
Autofocusing for RF tomography using particle swarm optimization (2008)

RF tomography employs geometric diversity to obtain high resolution images of targets, potentially with narrow band waveforms. In order to properly capitalize on this spatial diversity, precise knowledge of the sensor positions is required to sub-wavelength accuracy. While GPS can provide good estimates for these locations, remaining uncertainties distort the images produced and limit their utility. In this paper, an autofocusing approach is proposed to compensate for these uncertainties. A cost function is established for the image by evaluating the sharpness of image sub-regions in the neighborhood of known point-like targets. These targets can be identified either from a knowledge base or by examining preliminary imaging results. The cost function is then minimized by adjusting the estimated sensor positions using particle swarm optimization. The algorithm is shown to significantly improve the quality of RF tomographic images, allowing the separation of closely spaced targets that were severely distorted in uncorrected images. Results are provided for both simulated and measured data. A discussion of potential enhancements and wider applications of the algorithm is also included.
Reentrant transition from an incipient charge-ordered state to a ferromagnetic metallic state in a rare-earth manganate (1998)

A reentrant transition from an incipient charge-ordered (CO) state to a charge-delocalized ferromagnetic (CDFM) state has been established in the manganate ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.25}{\mathrm{La}}_{0.25}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ in which the average $A$-site ionic radius is 1.19 \AA{}. The reentrant CDFM phase is associated with a first-order phase transition that reduces the orthorhombic distortion of the lattice, in contrast to the CO transition in other manganates where the orthorhombically distorted CO state is stabilized at low temperatures. At the CO-CDFM transition, there is a collapse of the charge-ordering gap as measured by vacuum tunneling spectroscopy.
Gleanings from Early Urdu and Hindi Poets (1929)

The following beautiful poem was found in a MS. notebook dated 1748. The date of the poem is unknown, but it must be older than the MS. We may put it provisionally at 1650–1700. The author's name occurs in the last couplet. Nothing is known about him, and there are many poets of the name.
Influences of the manufacturing process chain design on the near surface condition and the resulting fatigue behaviour of quenched and tempered SAE 4140 (2010)

To analyse interactions between single steps of process chains, variations in material properties, especially the microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties, specimens with tension screw geometry were manufactured with five process chains. The different process chains as well as their parameters influence the near surface condition and consequently the fatigue behaviour in a characteristic manner. The cyclic deformation behaviour of these specimens can be benchmarked equivalently with conventional strain measurements as well as with high-precision temperature and electrical resistance measurements. The development of temperature-values provides substantial information on cyclic load dependent changes in the microstructure.
Comparative Genomics of the Pine Pathogens and Beetle Symbionts in the Genus Grosmannia (2014)

Studies on beetle/tree fungal symbionts typically characterize the ecological and geographic distributions of the fungal populations. There is limited understanding of the genome-wide evolutionary processes that act within and between species as such fungi adapt to different environments, leading to physiological differences and reproductive isolation. Here, we assess genomic evidence for such evolutionary processes by extending our recent work on Grosmannia clavigera, which is vectored by the mountain pine beetle and jeffrey pine beetle. We report the genome sequences of an additional 11 G. clavigera (Gc) sensu lato strains from the two known sibling species, Grosmannia sp. (Gs) and Gc. The 12 fungal genomes are structurally similar, showing large-scale synteny within and between species. We identified 103,430 single-nucleotide variations that separated the Grosmannia strains into divergent Gs and Gc clades, and further divided each of these clades into two subclades, one of which may represent an additional species. Comparing variable genes between these lineages, we identified truncated genes and potential pseudogenes, as well as seven genes that show evidence of positive selection. As these variable genes are involved in secondary metabolism and in detoxifying or utilizing host-tree defense chemicals (e.g., polyketide synthases, oxidoreductases, and mono-oxygenases), their variants may reflect adaptation to the specific chemistries of the host trees Pinus contorta, P. ponderosa, and P. jeffreyi. This work provides a comprehensive resource for developing informative markers for landscape population genomics of these ecologically and economically important fungi, and an approach that could be extended to other beetle-tree-associated fungi.
Gold nanosheets via reduction of aqueous chloroaurate ions by anthracene anions bound to a liquid–liquid interface (2003)

Anthracene anions bound to a liquid-liquid interface and charged by photochemically reduced Keggin ions when exposed to aqueous chloroaurate ions result in the formation of high concentration of thin, gold nanosheets at the interface.
Propyl Thiouracil (1946)

Journal Article Propyl Thiouracil Get access Edwin B. Astwood, M.D., Edwin B. Astwood, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Willard P. VanderLaan, M.D. Willard P. VanderLaan, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Volume 3, Issue 4, 1 August 1946, Page 127, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/3.4.127 Published: 01 August 1946
Probing the mechanism of direct Mannich‐type α‐methylenation of ketoesters via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2007)

Reactions promoting direct Mannich-type alpha-methylenation of alpha, beta and gamma-ketoesters have been monitored via electrospray ionization mass and tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Key intermediates of the catalytical cycle of this synthetically useful reaction have been intercepted and characterized. The mechanistic information provided by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) guided the optimization of reaction conditions, allowing alpha-methyleneketoesters to be prepared in high yields (80-95%) and in high-enough purity for immediate further manipulation.
Relationships between Blood Alcohol, Positional Alcohol Nystagmus and Postural Equilibrium (1967)

Quantitative relationships between blood alcohol levels, positional alcohol nystagmus (pan) and postural equilibrium performances measured with a new quantitative ataxia test battery and with a series of clinical-type ataxia tests were explored. The subjects were 13 healthy volunteers free of any vestibular disturbances or of significant histories of auricular difficulties. Each subject drank 1 cc of vodka per lb of body weight mixed with 4 parts of orange juice within 15 minutes. In the first experiment 80-proof vodka was used and in the second, 2 days later, 100-proof vodka. Blood alcohol levels, positional nystagmus and postural equilibrium were measured before and after the alcohol. Ataxia was measured by standing on the floor with eyes closed, walking and standing on a 3/4-inch wide rail with eyes open, standing with eyes closed on a 2 1/4-inch rail, standing on one leg (right and left) with eyes closed and walking a line with eyes closed. Maximum blood alcohol levels occurred 70 min after beginning to drink the 80-proof and 60 min after the 100-proof vodka (75 and 96 mg per 100 ml, respectively), and remained only briefly after the 80-proof but for 2 hours after the 100-proof vodka. After the alcohol all subjects showed the two typical phases of pan; pan I started about 30 min after beginning of drinking and lasted for 4 hr; pan II started 5 1/2 hr after, with the nystagmus reversed (to the left in the right lateral position and to the right in the left lateral position). Ataxia performance levels declined 30 to 45 min after the alcohol, with peak decrements at 60 to 75 min. Recovery was observed as early as 120 min on one test and as late as 420 min on another. Generally the 100-proof vodka produced greater decrement and slower recovery. The ataxic responses were in very close agreement with the intensity of pan I. The maximum ataxia, however, was observed sooner than the maximum blood alcohol levels, and the ataxia was beginning to improve during the periods when high blood alcohol levels were sustained. No systematic ataxia test relationships with pan II were observed. During the experiment each subject kept a diary of his intoxication symptoms; these were in accord with the examiners' observations, the blood alcohol levels and the pan and ataxia test responses.
Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults (2009)

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by mucosal inflammation affecting both the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; its causes are potentially numerous, disparate, and frequently overlapping. The more common conditions that are associated with CRS are perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, and anatomical mechanical obstruction (septum/turbinate issues). Other less common etiologies include inflammation (eg, from superantigens), fungal sinusitis or bacterial sinusitis with or without associated biofilm formation, gastroesophageal reflux, smoke and other environmental exposures, immune deficiencies, genetics, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. A diagnosis of CRS is strongly suggested by a history of symptoms (eg, congestion and/or fullness; nasal obstruction, blockage, discharge, and/or purulence; discolored postnasal discharge; hyposmia/anosmia; facial pain and/or pressure) and their duration for > 3 months. A definitive diagnosis requires physical evidence of mucosal swelling or discharge appreciated during physical examination coupled with CT imaging if inflammation does not involve the middle meatus or ethmoid bulla. Multivariant causation makes the diagnosis of CRS and selection of treatment complex. Furthermore, various types of health care providers including ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists, allergists, primary care physicians, and pulmonologists treat CRS, and each is likely to have a different approach. A structured approach to the diagnosis and management of CRS can help streamline and standardize care no matter where patients present for evaluation and treatment. A 2008 Working Group on CRS in Adults, supported by the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy (AAOA), developed a series of algorithms for the differential diagnosis and treatment of CRS in adults, based on the evolving understanding of CRS as an inflammatory disease. The algorithms presented in this paper address an approach for all CRS patients as well as approaches for those with nasal polyps, edema observed on nasal endoscopy, purulence observed on nasal endoscopy, an abnormal history and physical examination, and an abnormal history and normal physical examination.
Finite-difference time domain model of a coaxial probe (1994)

Input impedance of truncated coaxial cable is of considerable importance both from the calibration standard and non-destructive testing points of view. Significant effort has been expended in their analysis [1-3] in order to understand and exploit the fringing field effects. For a calibration standard knowledge of the fringing fields is essential to determine the additional frequency dependent capacitance at the aperture. In non-destructive testing the aperture reflection coefficient is related to the electrical properties of the terminating material. Advantages of this method of material measurement include little or no sample preparation, small sample size and a frequency range from DC to the TE 11 mode cutoff since operation is in the TEM mode. These characteristics make the coaxial probe an ideal choice for many non-destructive measurements.
Cocaine Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated Currents in Ventral Tegmental Area Cells via Dopamine D<sub>5</sub>Receptor-Dependent Redistribution of NMDA Receptors (2006)

Cocaine-induced plasticity of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays an important role in brain adaptations that promote addictive behaviors. However, the mechanisms responsible for triggering these synaptic changes are unknown. Here, we examined the effects of acute cocaine application on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat midbrain slices. Cocaine caused a delayed increase in NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic currents in putative VTA dopamine (DA) cells. This effect was mimicked by a specific DA reuptake inhibitor and by a DA D1/D5 receptor agonist. The effect of cocaine was blocked by a DA D1/D5 receptor antagonist as well as by inhibitors of the cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Furthermore, biochemical analysis showed an increase in the immunoreactivity of the NMDAR subunits NR1 and NR2B and their redistribution to the synaptic membranes in VTA neurons. Accordingly, NMDAR-mediated EPSC decay time kinetics were significantly slower after cocaine, suggesting an increased number of NR2B-containing NMDARs. Finally, pharmacological analysis indicates that NR2B subunits might be incorporated in triheteromeric NR1/NR2A/NR2B complexes rather than in "pure" NR1/NR2B NMDA receptors. Together, our data suggest that acute cocaine increases NMDAR function in the VTA via activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway mediated by a DA D5-like receptor, leading to the insertion of NR2B-containing NMDARs in the membrane. These results provide a potential mechanism by which acute cocaine promotes synaptic plasticity of VTA neurons, which could ultimately lead to the development of addictive behaviors.
ChemInform Abstract: Isothiazoles. Part 9. An Efficient Synthetic Route to 5‐Substituted‐3‐amino‐4‐arylisothiazole 1,1‐Dioxides and Their 4,5‐Dihydro Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of arachidonate metabolism in the immunoregulatory function of human leukocytic pyrogen/lymphocyte-activating factor/interleukin 1. (1983)

Leukocytic pyrogen (LP) is a polypeptide product of activated mononuclear phagocytes that has been established as the endogenous mediator of fever. Recent studies show LP may be identical to lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF or interleukin 1). In the present experiments, chromatographic separations of human LP indicate fractions that produce fever in rabbits and enhance phytohemagglutinin- (PHA) induced murine thymocyte proliferation (LAF activity) also stimulate human monocyte monolayers to release prostaglandin E (PGE). Ibuprofen, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, prevents PGE release from monocytes stimulated with LP and also brings about a rapid defervesence of LP-induced fever in rabbits. Concentrations of ibuprofen that block PGE production in vitro and in vivo, however, have no effect on LP-induced thymocyte proliferation. When the arachidonic acid analogue eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid was added to thymocytes in the LAF assay, a 50 to 70% decrease in LP-induced enhancement of proliferation was observed without a decrease in the background PHA response. Similar results were also observed with BW755C, a water-soluble inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway. The results of these studies suggest products of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism are not involved in the mechanism by which LP stimulates thymocyte proliferation. On the other hand, the results suggest products of the lipoxygenase pathway may mediate the thymocyte proliferative response induced by LP.
Cloning, sequencing and expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i>of the primary alcohol dehydrogenase gene from<i>Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus</i>JW200 (2000)

The structural gene, adhA, for a thermostable primary alcohol dehydrogenase was cloned from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200. Constitutive expression from its own promoter was observed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of adhA corresponded to an open reading frame of 1197 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 399 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 43 192. Amino acid sequence analysis showed 67-69% identity with alcohol dehydrogenases from two archaeal species and 29-37% identity with bacterial type III alcohol dehydrogenases. This represents the first reported cloning of an alcohol dehydrogenase from a bacterial species that is both thermostable and active against primary long-chain alcohols.