gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Study on the Correlation Between Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Ni-YSZ Composite Anode Performance and Sintering Temperature Based on Three-dimensional Reconstruction (2012)

The effects of sintering temperatures on the performances and durabilities of conventional nickel-yttria-stabilized zirconia composite solid oxide fuel cell anodes were investigated. The anode microstructures after reduction and 100 hours operation were quantitatively analyzed by three-dimensional reconstruction based on focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy technique. Percolation of nickel, yttria-stabilized zirconia and pore phases and three phase boundary densities were quantitatively calculated. The anode sintered at 1450°C has been found to show the minimum ohmic resistance and polarization resistance. The differences of ohmic resistances between the anodes can be quantitatively explained by the difference of active three phase boundary density. Besides, the anode sintered at 1450°C could operate without large-scale channel cracks which may cause damage and relatively fast degradation. The lowest degradation rate of anode sintered at 1450°C is attributed to the strengthened YSZ network for maintaining Ni phase percolation compared to the other two sintering temperatures.
Endourethral prosthesis for treatment of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia: impact on quality of life for persons with spinal cord injury. (1994)

Neurogenic bladders with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) are common in persons with spinal cord injury and with multiple sclerosis. Treatment options such as sphincterotomy, urethral foley and suprapubic catheters are not without complications or failure; however, they are recommended for patients who are unable to do intermittent catheterization. An endourethral prosthesis for DSD has been developed for experimental use in the United States. We report one year results of the clinical trials with endourethral prostheses implanted in ten patients. Initial subjective and objective results show an 80% success rate. At present, preliminary data show that an endourethral prosthesis, which is simple to insert and has few complications, appears to offer an alternative to conventional treatment. A key to success is to prepare for changes in life style that impact the patient's quality of life. Both patient and staff education are necessary pre-operatively to achieve successful outcomes post-operatively.
Multiple TypeGrid Approach for3DProcess Simulation (2006)

Various aspectsof discretization and data representation inageneric 3Dprocess simulator arediscussed. It isshownthattheonlypractical waytoprovide theefficient and robust simulation ofvarious process steps istouseapplication specific gridding andnumeric methods fordistinct process step andprovide smoothsynchronization anddatatransformation betweenthesimulation modules. We demonstrate how this approach canbesuccessfully usedforsimulation ofcomplete 50 nm MOSFET device cell starting fromthephysical layout and finish withsimulation ofitsIVcharacteristics using thedevice simulator ATLAS3D.
Scientific and medical books, 1695–1780 (2009)

Scientific and medical texts represented a small percentage of all titles published in eighteenth-century Britain. Yet, this literature contributed greatly to both the progress of the Enlightenment and the establishment of natural knowledge in British culture. The commercial histories of scientific and medical books share some common characteristics, but their cultural roles tended to be quite different. More often than not, medical books were written by medical practitioners and read by students preparing for medical careers. In contrast, writers of scientific books often earned their livings in occupations that typically had no direct relationship to the subject of their work, while their readers generally did no. anticipate using the knowledge gained from their study to earn money. At the high end of the market for scientific and medical works were those books published in large format with multiple illustrations.
Robotic systems for the International Space Station (2002)

Robotic systems will play a critical role in the on-orbit assembly, external maintenance and operations of the International Space Station. This paper reviews the mission and tasks to be performed by the external robotic devices on the Station and provides an overview of the design of the mobile servicing system for the Station. The mobile servicing system represents the state-of-the-art in operational space robotics and features a large manipulator system and smaller dexterous manipulators in order to fulfil its functions. The paper focuses on the driving performance requirements, major mechanical design features, and the control systems of the mobile servicing system, including advanced features such as vision systems.
Algebraic Properties in Alice and Bob Notation (2009)

Alice and Bob notation is a popular way to describe security protocols: it is intuitive, succinct, and yet expressive. Several formal protocol specification languages are based on this notation. One of the most severe limitations of these languages is the lack of algebraic reasoning, which is required for instance for the correct interpretation of Diffie-Hellman based protocols. As a consequence, previous approaches either cannot handle such protocols at all or require manual annotation. We generalize previous approaches and give the first formal semantics for a language based on Alice and Bob notation that is defined over an arbitrary algebraic theory. In particular, it defines unambiguously how the protocol is supposed to be executed by honest agents, based on the considered algebraic properties of the operators.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of N‐Methoxy‐N‐methylamides from Carboxylic Acids. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Foods for a Mission to Mars: Equivalent System Mass and Development of a Multipurpose Small-Scale Seed Processor (2007)

The candidate crops for planetary food systems include: wheat, white and sweet potatoes, soybean, peanut, strawberry, dry bean including le ntil and pinto, radish, rice, lettuce, carrot, green onion, tomato, p eppers, spinach, and cabbage. Crops such as wheat, potatoes, soybean, peanut, dry bean, and rice can only be utilized after processing, while others are classified as ready-to-eat. To process foods in space, the food processing subsystem must be capable of producing a variety of nutritious, acceptable, and safe edible ingredients and food produ cts from pre-packaged and resupply foods as well as salad crops grown on the transit vehicle or other crops grown on planetary surfaces. D esigning, building, developing, and maintaining such a subsystem is b ound to many constraints and restrictions. The limited power supply, storage locations, variety of crops, crew time, need to minimize waste , and other equivalent system mass (ESM) parameters must be considere d in the selection of processing equipment and techniques.
Statistics of the Lyapunov Exponent in 1D Random Periodic-on-Average Systems (1998)

By means of Monte Carlo simulations we show that there are two qualitatively different modes of localization of classical waves in 1D random periodic-on-average systems. States from pass bands and band edges of the underlying band structure demonstrate single parameter scaling with universal behavior. States from the interior of the band gaps do not have universal behavior and require two parameters to describe their scaling properties. The transition between these two types of behavior occurs in an extremely narrow region of frequencies. When the degree of disorder exceeds a certain critical value the single parameter scaling is restored for an entire band gap.
Evaluation of the environmental impact of MSWI bottom ash reused in road construction : a ten-year field experimentation (2008)

International audience
Use of complementary medicine by adult patients participating in cancer clinical trials [corrected] [published erratum appears in Oncol Nurs Forum 2000 Jul;27(6):888]. (2001)

Sparber, A; Bauer, L; Curt, G; Eisenberg, D; Levin, T; Parks, S; Steinberg, SM; Wootton, J Author Information
Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii (2010)

A series of complex events at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, 17 June to 19 June 2007, began with an intrusion in the upper east rift zone (ERZ) and culminated with a small eruption (1500 m 3 ). Surface deformation due to the intrusion was recorded in unprecedented detail by Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt networks as well as interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired by the ENVISAT and ALOS satellites. A joint nonlinear inversion of GPS, tilt, and InSAR data yields a deflationary source beneath the summit caldera and an ENE‐striking uniform‐opening dislocation with ∼2 m opening, a dip of ∼80° to the south, and extending from the surface to ∼2 km depth. This simple model reasonably fits the overall pattern of deformation but significantly misfits data near the western end of an inferred dike‐like source. Three more complex dike models are tested that allow for distributed opening including (1) a dike that follows the surface trace of the active rift zone, (2) a dike that follows the symmetry axis of InSAR deformation, and (3) two en echelon dike segments beneath mapped surface cracks and newly formed steaming areas. The en echelon dike model best fits near‐field GPS and tilt data. Maximum opening of 2.4 m occurred on the eastern segment beneath the eruptive vent. Although this model represents the best fit to the ERZ data, it still fails to explain data from a coastal tiltmeter and GPS sites on Kīlauea's southwestern flank. The southwest flank GPS sites and the coastal tiltmeter exhibit deformation consistent with observations of previous slow slip events beneath Kīlauea's south flank, but inconsistent with observations of previous intrusions. Slow slip events at Kīlauea and elsewhere are thought to occur in a transition zone between locked and stably sliding zones of a fault. An inversion including slip on a basal decollement improves fit to these data and suggests a maximum of ∼15 cm of seaward fault motion, comparable to previous slow‐slip events.
ASIC implementation of a MIMO-OFDM transceiver for 192 mbps WLANs (2005)

Next generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as the IEEE 802.11a standard are expected to rely on multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver to increase throughput and link reliability. However, these improvements come at a significant increase in signal processing and hence hardware complexity compared to existing single-antenna systems. This paper presents, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first 4 /spl times/ 4 MIMO-OFDM WLAN physical layer ASIC based on the OFDM specifications of the IEEE 802.1 la standard. The ASIC achieves an uncoded throughput of 192 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel resulting in a spectral efficiency of 9.6 bits/s/Hz. We describe the hardware architectural differences to single-antenna OFDM systems as well as the extensions made necessary by the use of multiple antennas. Our implementation provides reference for the silicon complexity of MIMO-OFDM systems.
Educational Qualifications of Industrial Hygienists (1941)

Educational Qualifications of Industrial Hygienists Report of the Subcommittee on the Educational Qualifications of Industrial Hygienists Clarence D. Selby, Henry F. Vaughan, Leverett D. Briston, Philip Drinker, T. Lyle Hazlett, and Paul A. Neal CopyRight*Preliminary Report of the Subcommittee on Educational Qualifications of Industrial Hygienists. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.31.7.728 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Highly conductive and wide optical band gap <i>n</i>-type μc-SiC prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1991)

We have investigated the gas pressure dependence of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and prepared n-type μc-SiC:H with wide optical band gap (2.1–2.5 eV) and high dark conductivity (10−3– 1 S/cm). It has been suggested from plasma diagnoses of the ECR plasma that at low gas pressure a strong etching effect of hydrogen radicals and/or ions dominates the film growth process and the hydrogen ions impinging on the growing surface make the formation of μc-SiC:H difficult, and that at high gas pressure, for the formation of μc-SiC:H, there are nonemissive radicals contributing to the surface coverage or a nucleus formation mechanism which has not been taken into consideration in conventional rf-PECVD.
COUNTER-CURRENT DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE FOR THE QUANTITATIVE-QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF URINARY CORTICOSTEROIDS* (1955)

THE present paper is an extension of previous work on procedures for the qualitative-quantitative analysis of small samples of urinary steroids of adrenocortical and gonadal origin (1). It involves the use of countercurrent distribution discussed by Craig (2). The amount of thiosemicarbazide reactive material present is estimated by means of the thiosemicarbazide reaction which Evans and Gillam have shown to be useful for the detection of alpha-beta unsaturated ketones (3). 1. Reagents and apparatus: Thiosemicarbazide reagent (Eastman Kodak Company). A 0.1 molar thiosemicarbazide solution in 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid is prepared and filtered into a glass-stoppered bottle. It is stable at room temperature for several months. Ethanol, absolute (U. S. Industrial Chemicals Company) Chloroform, reagent grade. Sodium hydroxide, 0.1 N solution. Secondary butyl alcohol (Eastman Kodak Company, highest purity), redistilled in an all-glass apparatus. Iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane, pure grade 99 mol per cent; Phillips Petroleum Company, Chemical Products Division, Bartlesville, Oklahoma).
TLR4 signaling regulates PI3 kinase activation and macrophage exophagy (796.16) (2014)

We have characterized a novel process that macrophages use to degrade species such as aggregated lipoproteins (agLDL) that are too large to be internalized via conventional phagocytosis. Macrophages form an intimate interaction with agLDL through local actin polymerization and form an extracellular compartment to which hydrolytic enzymes are delivered through lysosome exocytosis. The process of extracellular macrophage degradation of large species prior to internalization has been termed “exophagy”. AgLDL degradation by macrophages leads to foam cell formation, a key feature of atherosclerotic plaque development. Therefore unraveling the signaling mechanisms involved in this process may allow therapeutic intervention. Upon engagement with agLDL, Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR) interacts with its effector MyD88 and TLR4/MyD88 are critical for lysosome exocytosis and actin polymerization during exophagy. At contact sites with agLDL, PI(3,4,5)P3 is produced, suggestive of class I PI3 kinase activation. Inhibition of PI3 kinase impairs lysosome exocytosis and actin polymerization during exophagy. PI(3,4,5)P3 recruits and activates plekstrin homology (PH) domain containing proteins such as protein kinase B (Akt). AgLDL treatment stimulates PI3 kinase dependent Akt activation, and inhibition of Akt using Akti1/2 impairs lysosome exocytosis and actin polymerization. While PI(3,4,5)P3 levels at contact sites with agLDL peak rapidly (around 20‐30 min) and then decline, the sustained generation of PI(4,5)P2 may act as a lasting signal to promote actin polymerization and lysosome exocytosis at sites of exophagy. Exophagy may represent a general mechanism, which cells may use to degrade large extracellular species, and there exists a close relationship between this process and various human diseases. Therefore elucidation of signaling mediators regulating these processes would potentially be of widespread importance in a number of diseases other than atherosclerosis. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH
An Examination of the Role of Feeding Regimens in Regulating Metabolism During the Broiler Breeder Grower Period. 2. Plasma Hormones and Metabolites (2008)

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding regimens on plasma hormone and metabolite levels in 16-wk-old broiler breeder pullets. A flock of 350 Cobb 500 breeder pullets was divided in 2 at 28 d of age and fed either every day (ED, 5 pens of 35 birds) or skip-a-day (SKIP, 5 pens of 35 birds) from 28 to 112 d of age. Total feed intake did not differ between the 2 groups. At 112 d, 52 randomly selected pullets from the larger flock of ED-fed pullets, and 76 from the SKIP-fed pullets were individually caged and fed a meal of 74 g (ED) or 148 g (SKIP). Blood samples were collected from 4 pullets in each group by cardiac puncture at intervals after feeding. Plasma was analyzed for insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-II, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, corticosterone, leptin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and uric acid. Feed retention in the crop was also noted at each interval. In ED birds, the crop was empty by 12 h and in SKIP birds, the crop was empty by 24 h after feeding. The physiological responses to fasting, such as increased glucagon and corticosterone and reduced plasma triglyceride, occurred at times coincidental with crop emptying in both ED and SKIP birds. Overall, mean insulin-like growth factor-I levels were higher (P < 0.05) in ED birds. Triiodothyronine was higher (P = 0.09) in SKIP birds. Overall mean plasma corticosterone was 2-fold higher in SKIP-fed birds, which may be related to the increased length of fasting periods, hunger, and stress. Plasma leptin was consistently higher in ED-fed birds, which was indicative of their more consistent food supply and more stable energy status. In summary, the experiment reported here shows that different feeding regimens can alter hormone and metabolite profiles, in spite of total feed intakes being equal.
Millimeter-wave passive imaging system for survey and obstacle detection in ITS (2001)

There is a recognized need to develop improved systems for survey and obstacle detection offering characteristics such as day, night and adverse weather capabilities, acceptable operating range and adequate spatial resolution. Passive infrared (IR) systems can perform well at night. They are also able to penetrate smoke and haze to a far greater distance than visible systems, but have difficulties when trying to detect through clouds, fog and light rain, since these attenuate strongly infrared radiation. In contrast, millimeter-wave imaging systems suffer little attenuation in either cloudy or foggy conditions, especially around the 35 GHz, 94 GHz and 140 GHz frequency band. This paper presents the development of a low cost one-channel radiometric system working around 52 GHz. The authors have chosen to use a noise-added radiometer with low energy consumption. Four important points are discussed in this paper. First, the radiometric visibility gives the investigation volume for different weather conditions. The computation of such volumes shows a real interest for the radiometric technique. Secondly, a new calibration method, based on a modulated noise diode source, followed by a real-time Kalman filter processing is validated on a 4 GHz radiometer. Thirdly the millimeter-wave radiometer in the 51 GHz - 55 GHz band is described. The authors present also the low-noise amplifier (LNA) that will be used in the final project of the imaging system working in the 94 GHz band. Finally the image processing, based on a deconvolution process and followed by a regularization of the temperature improves the spatial resolution and optimizes the radiometer matrix located in the focal plane of a Fresnel lens.
Conserved Arrangement of Nested Genes at the Drosophila <i> Gart</i> Locus (1987)

The Drosophila melanogaster Gart gene encodes three enzymatic activities in the pathway for purine de novo synthesis. Alternative processing of the primary transcript leads to the synthesis of two overlapping polypeptides. The coding sequence for both polypeptides is interrupted by an intron that contains a functional cuticle protein gene encoded on the opposite DNA strand. Here we show that this nested organization also exists at the homologous locus of a distantly related species, Drosophila pseudoobscura. In both species, the intronic cuticle gene is expressed in wandering larvae and in prepupae. Remarkably, there are 24 different highly conserved noncoding segments within the intron containing the cuticle gene. These are found upstream of the transcriptional start, at the 3' end, and even within the single intronic gene intron. Other introns in the purine gene, including the intron at which alternative processing occurs, show no such homologies. It seems likely that at least some of the conserved noncoding regions are involved in specifying the high level developmental expression of the cuticle gene. We discuss the possibility that shared cis-acting regulatory sites might enhance transcription of both genes and help explain their nested arrangement.
Antibody to the phosphomannosyl receptor inhibits recycling of receptor in fibroblasts (1987)

The 215-kd phosphomannosyl receptor is involved in the transport of newly synthesized acid hydrolases to lysosomes and also mediates the pinocytosis of lysosomal enzymes by fibroblasts in culture. Recycling of receptors to the sorting sites is an integral part of both these processes. In this report, we describe the inhibition in human fibroblasts of both functions of the phosphomannosyl receptor by a rabbit antiserum to the bovine liver receptor. This inhibition cannot be completely accounted for by inhibition of ligand-receptor interaction. Rather the antibody appears to cross-link receptors and cause a removal of receptors from the sorting sites (plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus) and their accumulation in a compartment from which they do not recycle. Removal of receptors from the recycling pool by antibody is irreversible, and return of receptors requires synthesis of new protein. Degradation of "trapped receptors" is enhanced (t1/2 = 7.5 hr), but much more gradual than their removal from the functional receptor pool (t1/2 = 30 min).
Pressure Enhanced Conductivity in Bis-1,2,3-Thiaselenazolyl Dimers (2005)

A synthetic sequence to salts of N-alkylated pyridine-bridged 1,2,3-thiaselenazolo-1,2,3-thiaselenazolylium cations [2]+ (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = H) is described. The corresponding radicals 2 (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = H) can be generated from the cations by chemical or electrochemical reduction. Crystals of the two radicals are isostructural and consist of interpenetrating pi-stacked arrays of closed-shell Se-Se sigma-bonded dimers [2]2 laced together with numerous short intermolecular Se- - -Se, Se- - -S, and Se- - -N contacts. Variable-temperature magnetic, conductivity, and near-infrared optical measurements indicate that the bulk materials behave as small band gap semiconductors with room-temperature conductivities sigma(RT) near 10(-6) S cm(-1) and thermal activation energies Ea of 0.32 eV (R1 = Me) and 0.36 eV (R1 = Et). LMTO band structure calculations on both compounds are consistent with this interpretation. The application of external pressure leads to dramatic increases in conductivity; at 4 GPa sigma(RT) reaches a value near 10(-1) S cm(-1) for R1 = Me and 10(-2) S/cm for R1 = Et. The conductivity remains activated for both compounds, but for R1 = Me the activation energy Ea is reduced to near 0.03 eV at 5 GPa, suggestive of a weakly metallic state.