gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overloaded circuits: why smart people underperform. (2005)

Frenzied executives who fidget through meetings, lose track of their appointments, and jab at the "door close" button on the elevator aren't crazy--just crazed. They suffer from a newly recognized neurological phenomenon that the author, a psychiatrist, calls attention deficit trait, or ADT. It isn't an illness; it's purely a response to the hyperkinetic environment in which we live. But it has become epidemic in today's organizations. When a manager is desperately trying to deal with more input than he possibly can, the brain and body get locked into a reverberating circuit while the brain's frontal lobes lose their sophistication, as if vinegar were added to wine. The result is black-and-white thinking; perspective and shades of gray disappear. People with ADT have difficulty staying organized, setting priorities, and managing time, and they feel a constant low level of panic and guilt. ADT can be controlled by engineering one's environment and one's emotional and physical health. Make time every few hours for a "human moment;" a face-to-face exchange with a person you like. Get enough sleep, switch to a good diet, and get adequate exercise. Break down large tasks into smaller ones, and keep a section of your work space clear. Try keeping a portion of your day free of appointments and e-mail. The author recommends that companies invest in amenities that contribute to a positive atmosphere. Leaders can also help prevent ADT by matching employees' skills to tasks. When managers assign goals that stretch people too far or ask workers to focus on what they're not good at, stress rises. ADT is a very real threat to all of us. If we don't manage it, it will manage us.
High authority piezoelectric torsional actuators (2002)

The results on the development of torsional actuators presented here are intended to demonstrate the basis for the utilization of novel, piezoelectric shear response, electromechanical actuators in smart materials and structures. The actuator design developed in this study is a segmented, piezoelectric tube, with the individual segments driven in a shear mode. The assembled tube can be driven to produce precise and significant angular displacement and high torque output directly from this solid state device. Techniques were developed for continuous poling, assembly and testing of actuators. Projected actuator outputs based on the electromechanical test results are discussed relative to the requirements of actual helicopter rotor blade applications, in terms of driving trailing edge flap and direct blade twist actuation.
Three-dimensional tongue surface shapes of English consonants and vowels (1996)

This paper presents three-dimensional tongue surfaces reconstructed from multiple coronal cross-sectional slices of the tongue. Surfaces were reconstructed for sustained vocalizations of the American English sounds [symbol: see text]. Electropalatography (EPG) data were also collected for the sounds to compare tongue surface shapes with tongue-palate contact patterns. The study was interested also in whether 3-D surface shapes of the tongue were different for consonants and vowels. Previous research and speculation had found that there were differences in production, acoustics, and linguistic usage between the two groups. The present study found that four classes of tongue shape were adequate to categorize all the sounds measured. These classes were front raising, complete groove, back raising, and two-point displacement. The first and third classes have been documented before in the midsagittal plane [cf. R. Harshman, P. Ladefoged, and L. Goldstein, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 693-707 (1976)]. The first three classes contained both vowels and consonants, the last only consonants. Electropalatographic patterns of the sounds indicated three categories of tongue-palate contact: bilateral, cross-sectional, and combination of the two. Vowels used only the first pattern, consonants used all three. The EPG data provided an observable distinction in contact pattern between consonants and vowels. The ultrasound tongue surface data did not. The conclusion was that the tongue actually has a limited repertoire of shapes and positions them against the palate in different ways for consonants versus vowels to create narrow channels, divert airflow, and produce sound.
Micro-architectural Attacks and Countermeasures (2011)

Micro-architectural analysis (MA) is a fast evolving area of side-channel cryptanalysis. This new area focuses on the effects of common processor components and their functionalities on the security of software cryptosystems. The main characteristic of micro-architectural attacks, which sets them aside from classical side-channel attacks, is the simple fact that they exploit the micro-architectural behavior of modern computer systems. Attackers could get running information through malicious software, then get some sensitive information through off-line analysis. This kind of attack has the following features: 1.) side channel information are acquired through software measurement on target machine with no need to use sophisticated devices. 2.) non-privilege process could get the running information of the privilege process. 3.) people can mount both a remote attack and local attack. This thesis mainly focuses one kinds of these attacks, data cache based timing attacks(CBTA). First, the main principle of CBTA is introduced, and several kinds of CBTA technique are discussed. Moreover, theoretical model is given under some attacks. Second, various countermeasures are described and their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. Based on these discussions, the author proposes two anti-attack measures using hardware modification. Aiming at access-driven attacks, a XOR address remapping technique is proposed, which could obfuscate the mapping relationship between cache line and memory block. Aiming at timing-driven attacks, the IPMG mechanism is proposed innovatively. This mechanism could generate cache miss dynamically through observing the historic miss rate. These two mechanisms are realized on the MIPS processor and their effectiveness is verified on the FPGA board. At last, performance penalty and hardware cost are evaluated. The result shows that the proposed solution is effective with very low performance penalty and area cost
An approximation of loop free energy values of RNA H-pseudoknots (1999)

A set of free energy values is suggested for RNA H-pseudoknot loops. The parameters are adjusted to be consistent with the theory of polymer thermodynamics and known data on pseudoknots. The values can be used for estimates of pseudoknot stabilities and computer predictions of RNA structures.
Pheromones of social bees (1987)

Communication of queen's presence. Inhibitory effect of queens on queen rearing. Control of worker ovary development. Laying workers. Stimulatory effect of queen pheromone. Brood pheromone: recognition and stimulatory effect. Comb pheromone: recognition and stimulatory effect. Regulation of drone population. Mating pheromones. Nest and nestmate recognition. Trail and deterrent pheromones. Attraction. Nasonov pheromone. Alarm and aggression pheromones. Bumblebees: colony and foraging pheromones. Bumblebees: mating behaviour.
Mitral valve prolapse: a diagnosis for primary nursing intervention (1987)

Assistant Professor of Graduate Nursing, School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C
The effects of intergenerational support on the changes in cognitive functioning of the rural elderly in China (2009)

A major issue in all societies, especially those that are ageing, is the extent to which the elderly can live independently. Cognitive functioning is a crucial factor in the degree of independence of the elderly, while cognitive impairment can predict the loss of functions and even death. There is a close and direct relationship between social support and cognitive functioning, and social support-preventable cognitive impairment (Bassuk and Berkman, 1999). A recent cross-sectional study demonstrated that intergenerational support improved the cognitive functioning of the elderly in rural China (Wang, Li and Zhang, 2005). However, within the context of high levels of migration of working-age adults from rural to urban areas of China, multivariate analysis of longitudinal data on changes in the cognitive functioning of the elderly is required. This article presents an analysis of selected data from a 3-wave longitudinal survey conducted from 2001 to 2006 among 997 parents aged 60 and older living in rural Anhui Province, China, showing that intergenerational transfers, especially financial transfers, have a significant influence on the changes in the cognitive functioning of the elderly. As such, the findings bring a new dimension to the current scientific discussion on the impacts of changing traditional patterns of intergenerational support for elderly persons in China.
Diabetes, Blood Lipids, and the Role of Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease Risk for Women (1977)

Diabetes and a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are associated with each other and with a higher coronary heart disease risk in women. Moreover, both are strongly associated with obesity. These findings are reported from the Framington Study, in which persons aged 49 to 82 were characterized, after overnight fast, for blood lipids by the method of Fredrickson and Levy and then followed for the subsequent development of coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also associated with coronary heart disease risk in women, but fasting triglycerides were not associated with risk after allowing for the association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes. A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the presence of diabetes appeared to raise the coronary heart disease risk in women relative to that of men.
Design Considerations in Medium Voltage Starters for Underwriters' Laboratories' Standards (1978)

The main design and test requirements for motor controllers in the 2200 V to 5000 V range as given in Underwriters' Laboratories Standard UL 347 are outlined. The ways in which these requirements are met in a typical starter are described. Design requirements are reviewed on guarding live parts, grounding, wiring space, isolating means, and interlocking. The extensive performance test program specified in the standard is described, including operating tests, short- time capability tests, temperature tests, dielectric tests, overload tests, and short-circuit interruption tests.
Mechanical sensory threshold testing using nylon monofilaments: The pain field's “Tin Standard” (2006)

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 667 0641; fax: +1 617 667 1500. E-mail address:[email protected] Received February 2, 2006; received in revised form June 12, 2006; accepted June 15, 2006. Supported by National Institutes of Health AR048925 (NIAMS).
Accuracy and Calibration Issues of Industrial Manipulators (2006)

This chapter discussed the accuracy issues of robot manipulators and the importance of searching for absolute accuracy for industrial manipulators. It shows how there is an increased need to use off-line programming and robotic and manufacturing simulation
기동표적 추적을 위한 IMM / IE 혼합 필터의 성능개선 (2001)

IMM과 IE의 장점을 혼합한 IMM/IE 혼합 알고리즘이 근래에 제시되었다. 이 혼합방식은 IMM이나 IE 방식의 단점을 어느 정도 보완하였으나 기동이 발생하는 시점에서 필터의 성능이 급격히 저하되는 문제점을 갖고 있다.
본 논문에서는 이 IMM/IE 혼합 알고리즘의 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위한 두 가지 방안을 제안하고 그 성능을 Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션으로 예증한다.
Selective Nosylation of 1-Phenylpropane-1,3-diol and Perchloric Acid Mediated Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Key Steps for the New and Straightforward Synthesis of Tolterodine (2008)

We have developed a new and straightforward synthesis of racemic tolterodine [N,N-diisopropyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl­phenyl)-3-phenylpropanamine]. The synthesis involves selective nosylation on the primary alcohol of 1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol using 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, subsequent diisopropylamine substitution, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation using aqueous perchloric acid.
The research of cloud manufacturing resource discovery mechanism (2012)

In view of the current research hot of cloud manufacturing in the modern manufacturing mode, combined with the discovery principle and method of networked manufacturing resource, put forward a discovery mechanism and realization methods of cloud manufacturing resource. Firstly analysis the basic connotation of the cloud manufacturing, gives a general four system structure, giving manufacturing resources classification and characteristics in cloud manufacture environment, combining semantic Web services with OWL-S techniques, put forward manufacturing resource discovery framework based on the semantic Web and gives a matching strategy and similarity algorithm. On the basis of experiment, comparing the discovery mechanism and other, the result shows that this method recall ratio and precision is higher.
Scholarly publishing, peer review and the Internet (1999)

The Internet is arguably one of the most significant technological developments of the late 20th century. From its modest beginnings some decades ago - where the use of networked computers was largely limited to to a select group of technical specialists in research institutions, the military and government - to the present situation, with a complex global grid of more than 50 million users, the Internet has become an increasingly important medium of communication in a variety of public and private spheres. In the international academic community the arrival of the Internet has received a mixed reception, with responses ranging from unbridled enthusiasm to outright hostility. My preferred stance is one of cautious optimism. This paper addresses one domain of academic activity where I believe such a stance might be appropriate, namely, scholarly publishing. A number of different forms of writing in cyberspace are identified, and some of the arguments in favour of moving from print-based publishing to electronic environments are assessed. The paper reinforces the need for rigorous systems of peer review in scholarly work, and considers possible futures for serials in cyberspace.
Feasibility of Assessing Maxillary and Mandibular Bone Mineral Density for Dental Implantation by Using Multidetector Computed Tomography (2019)

QCT using MDCT of the maxillary and mandibular bones seems to be a feasible method for measuring BMD before dental implantation.
Effect of resveratrol and in combination with 5-FU on murine liver cancer (2004)

RES could induce the S phase arrest of H22 cells and enhance the anti-tumor effect of 5-FU on murine hepatoma22 and antagonize its toxicity markedly. These results suggest that resveratrol, as a biochemical modulator to enhance the therapeutic effects of 5-FU, may be potentially useful in cancer chemotherapy.
SUCCESSFUL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN A CHILD WITH LANGERHANSʼ CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS (LCH) (1990)

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (JPHO) reports on major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and blood diseases in children. The journal publishes original research, commentaries, historical insights, and clinical and laboratory observations.
Extent of Water Adulteration and its Influence on Physical Characteristics of Market Milk (2013)

The study was carried out to investigate the extent of water adulteration and its effect on th e physical characteristics of market milk at the Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. For this purpose, two different areas i.e., Hyderabad city (B) and its surrounding areas (C) were selected for sampling of market milk and from each area twenty samples were collected randomly from different sale points. Control milk samples (A) were also obtained from University dairy farm. The data revealed that all the samples of both areas were adulterated with water (100%). The extraneous water in the market milk of Hyderabad city remained 21.18% while in surrounding areas of Hyderabad it occurre d 17.75%. The data regarding physical characteristics between control and market milk samples showed significant differences in pH value, freezing point, specific gravity, titratable acidity and viscosity. It i s concluded from the present study that all the market milk samples did not meet the required quality accepted as standard.
Effect of Mental Fatigue Induced by Repeated Continuous Calculation Tasks on Event-related Brain Potential (P300) (2007)

It is well known that the amplitude and latency of P300 in event-related brain potentials (ERPs) evoked by performing the oddball paradigm reflect the extent of individuals' selective attention. The purpose of this study was to examine whether P300 is a reliable measure for evaluating mental fatigue. In addition to the measurement of auditory ERPs derived from Fz, Cz and Pz, the concentrations of lactic acid, cortisol in plasma and the reaction time of the oddball paradigm, which are believed to reflect fatigue, were measured. In an attempt to cause mental fatigue, 12 healthy college students (8 males, 4 females; 19.5 +/- 0.5 yr; mean +/- S.D.) were forced to perform a continuous addition task using the Uchida-Kreperin test paper for about 2 h. Before the task, the latencies of P300 in Fz, Cz and Pz were 295.6 +/- 8.7 msec, 298.8 +/- 8.5 msec and 297.5 +/- 7.2 msec (mean +/- S.D.), respectively, and after the task they were 312.6 +/- 11.2 msec, 314.6 +/- 10.1 msec and 315.8 +/- 8.7 msec, respectively. A significant difference in the latency before and after the task was detected (p<0.01). In all subjects, the latency of P300 was prolonged in all recording positions, Fz, Cz and Pz. In a control experiment where the continuous addition task was not loaded, a significant change of the latency was not detected. The amplitude of P300 didn't change significantly in all recording positions after the task. In the control experiment, the amplitude of P300 did not change significantly. On the other hand, the changes in the concentrations of lactic acid and cortisol and the reaction time were not induced by the continuous addition task. The prolongation of the latency of P300 would originate from a decline in brain function. In this study, a prolongation of the latency of P300 after the task was detected in all subjects. It is well known that the value of P300 changes with modification of the recording condition, therefore a recording of P300 under the same conditions is required for qualitative evaluation.
Light Scattering Arising from Composition Fluctuations in Multi-Component Systems (1950)

A general theory of Rayleigh scattering due to composition fluctuations in multi-component systems is developed with the aid of the grand canonical ensemble of Gibbs. It reduces to the usual expression for systems of two components, but contains previously neglected terms arising from thermodynamic interactions between solutes in systems of more than two components. The theory is used to interpret the turbidity measurements of polystyrene in benzene-methanol mixtures of Ewart, Roe, Debye, and McCartney.
Distributed Beamforming for Physical-Layer Security of Two-Way Relay Networks (2012)

In this paper, we address the security of a two-way relay network in the presence of an eavesdropper, where each node is only equipped with single antenna. We propose two-phase distributed analog network coding, or distributed beamforming and power allocation to enhance the secrecy sum rate of the data exchange. In the first phase, the two terminals broadcast their information data simultaneously to all the relay nodes. In the second phase, three different security schemes are proposed: optimal beamforming, null-space beamforming, and artificial noise beamforming. In the first scheme, the objective is to achieve the maximum secrecy sum rate of the two terminals. Mathematically, the objective function is difficult to optimize. In the second scheme, we maximize the total information exchanged while we eliminate the information leakage completely, subject to the total transmission power constraint. We show that the problem has a unique and global optimum, which can be solved using bisection method. When the instantaneous channel state information of the eavesdropper is not available, we propose an artificial noise beamforming in the third scheme. We minimize the information transmission power so that the artificial noise power is maximized to eliminate information leakage, under the constraints of quality of service (QoS) required by terminals. It is a second-order convex cone programming (SOCP) problem, thus can be efficiently solved using interior point methods. Numerical results are provided and analyzed to show the properties and efficiency of the proposed designs.
Nuclear RNase MRP processes RNA at multiple discrete sites: interaction with an upstream G box is required for subsequent downstream cleavages. (1991)

RNase MRP is a site-specific endoribonuclease that processes primer RNA from the leading-strand origin of mammalian mitochondrial DNA replication. It is present in active form as isolated from the nucleus, suggesting a bipartite cellular location and function. The relatively high abundance of nucleus-localized RNase MRP has permitted its purification to near homogeneity and, in turn, has led to the identification of protein components of this ribonucleoprotein. Analysis of the mode of RNA cleavage by nuclear RNase MRP revealed the surprising and unprecedented ability of the endonuclease to process RNA at multiple discrete locations. Substrate cleavage is dependent on the presence of a previously described G-rich sequence element adjacent to the primary site of RNA processing. Downstream cleavage occur in a distance- and sequence-specific manner.
Hawthorne's life (2007)

Born on the Fourth of July in 1804, Nathaniel Hawthorne ranks with Herman Melville, Henry James, and Mark Twain among the best nineteenth-century American male novelists. Hawthorne grew up in Salem, Massachusetts, and Puritan history provided him with the background for many of his later fictional works, such as “The Gentle Boy” (1832), “Alice Doane's Appeal” (1835), “Young Goodman Brown” (1835), “The May-Pole of Merry Mount” (1836), “The Man of Adamant” (1837), “Endicott and the Red Cross” (1838), and of course The Scarlet Letter (actually set in Boston during the 1640s). In this novel of a Puritan community's marking and punishing of Hester Prynne, Hawthorne provided us with a reference point for understanding many twentieth-century examples of scapegoating and social ostracism.
Fast time response measurements of HNO<sub>3</sub> in air with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (1998)

A chemical ionization mass spectrometer has been developed for fast time response measurements of HNO 3 in ambient air. The apparatus was characterized in an informal intercomparison campaign at Green Mountain Mesa in Boulder, Colorado. Nitric acid was measured over a wide range of meteorological conditions. Detection limits of less than 15 pptv for a 1 s integration period were routinely obtained. The apparatus was sufficiently sensitive to measure ambient levels of HNO 3 for all conditions except for periods of fog or heavy precipitation when HNO 3 mixing ratios were less than 10 pptv.