gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA structure through multidimensional chemical mapping (2016)

The discoveries of myriad non-coding RNA molecules, each transiting through multiple flexible states in cells or virions, present major challenges for structure determination. Advances in high-throughput chemical mapping give new routes for characterizing entire transcriptomes in vivo, but the resulting one-dimensional data generally remain too information-poor to allow accurate de novo structure determination. Multidimensional chemical mapping (MCM) methods seek to address this challenge. Mutate-and-map (M2), RNA interaction groups by mutational profiling (RING-MaP and MaP-2D analysis) and multiplexed •OH cleavage analysis (MOHCA) measure how the chemical reactivities of every nucleotide in an RNA molecule change in response to modifications at every other nucleotide. A growing body of in vitro blind tests and compensatory mutation/rescue experiments indicate that MCM methods give consistently accurate secondary structures and global tertiary structures for ribozymes, ribosomal domains and ligand-bound riboswitch aptamers up to 200 nucleotides in length. Importantly, MCM analyses provide detailed information on structurally heterogeneous RNA states, such as ligand-free riboswitches that are functionally important but difficult to resolve with other approaches. The sequencing requirements of currently available MCM protocols scale at least quadratically with RNA length, precluding general application to transcriptomes or viral genomes at present. We propose a modify-cross-link-map (MXM) expansion to overcome this and other current limitations to resolving the in vivo 'RNA structurome'.
The effect of bicalutamide on prostate histology (2001)

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal antiandrogens are commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer, but more clinical and laboratory studies on patients with benign as well as malignant prostate diseases are required to define their exact role. METHODS Light microscopic examination of perineal prostate biopsies of 21 men with BPH was performed pretreatment, after 24 weeks of therapy with 50 mg bicalutamide (Casodex) or placebo and 24 weeks after end of treatment. We assessed whether it was possible to distinguish between patients having received bicalutamide or placebo based on a general histological examination. In addition, the volume fractions of the prostatic epithelial, luminal, and stromal compartments were determined by morphometry. RESULTS Histological changes following treatment were uncharacteristic and patients treated with bicalutamide were not identified. At morphometry prior to therapy, the prostates of the study participants consisted of 91.8% stroma (range 78.9–97.2), 5.5% epithelium (range 1.4–14.1) and 2.7% glandular lumen (range 0.8–7.5). Changes in the relative content of the three tissue components following treatment were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe consistent morphological changes in the prostate following treatment with bicalutamide at a dose of 50 mg daily. However, this dose is lower than the 150 mg dose presently recommended for bicalutamide monotherapy. Prostate 46:275–280, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Study of Rain Attenuation Calculation and Strategic Power Control for Ka-Band Satellite Communication in India (2012)

The tremendous worldwide growth in the use of Internet and multimedia services prompted the ambitious planning for evolution of commercial and broadband satellite communication systems. The traditional C and Ku bands in satellite communications are getting crowded, So the systems are moving towards higher frequency ranges above 20 GHz. The Ka-band (18-40 GHz) frequency spectrum has gained attention for satellite communication. The inherent drawback of Ka-band satellite system is that increase in signal distortion resulting from propagation effects. Atmospheric attenuation in Ka-band is always severe, especially in the presence of rain. Thus, New technologies are required for Ka-band systems, such as multiple hopping antenna beams and regenerative transponders to support aggregate data rates in the range of 1 - 20 Gbps per satellite, which can provide DTH, HDTV, mobile and fixed Internet users with broadband connection. Currently in India C and Ku-band frequencies are being used for commercial satellite communications. In future Ka-band will be used for wideband applications. Keeping in view of the socio-economic and geographical diversities of India. Propagation studies are essential for estimation of attenuation, so that Ka-band satellite links operating in different parts of Indian region can be registered appropriately. Ka-band system is recognized as a new generation in communication satellites that encompasses a number of innovative technologies such as on board processing (OBP) for multimedia applications and switching to provide two way services to and from small ground terminals. To do this efficiently multiple pencil like spot beams are used. One distinct feature of this propagation being used to address this problem is Satellite Spot-Beam. To design effective satellite communication system, the arrangement of spot beam locations in Indian subcontinent, the study and analysis of link availability for Kaband satellite communication in various geographically separated spot beams in India using statistical data is necessary. Based on global rain models integrated with the link budget, the study allows us to examine major system design issues encountered in Ka-band satellite communication that are susceptible to propagation impairments. This system can be flexible enough to increase power on specific transmissions to compensate for local weather conditions. This can make better use of the available bandwidth than C or Ku-band satellite, and more users can get higher level of services.
Characterization study of lead-free Sn-Cu plated packages (2003)

Secondary alloying element addition in Sn deposits, like Pb, Cu, Ag or Bi, to reduce the melting point of Sn and improve the plated substrate wettability, and even interrupt the grain growth boundary to inhibit whisker formation, has been explored for many years. Various alloying elements co-deposited with Sn give rise to specific impacts on the plating process, cost and physical properties of the deposit. Co-deposited Pb has been known as the most efficient method (Kakeshita et al., J. Mat. Sci. vol. 17, p. 2560, 1982), but based on the environmental trend to eliminate Pb, finding drop-in alternatives becomes both necessary and urgent. The Pb replacement must possess compatibility with existing plating equipment, stable electrolyte, easy process control, good mechanical properties, acceptable solderability with lead free solder paste, whisker free behaviour and low chemical costs. In this report, a Sn-Cu plated package is selected as test vehicle to describe solderability, whisker growth mechanism and solder joint reliability. It includes solder dipping, wetting balance Cu composition measurement, deposit microstructure, and whisker observation under HAST (130/spl deg//85%RH, 33.5 psi) for gull-wing and J-leaded packages. In addition, lead pull tests and electrical O/S tests under TCT (-40/spl deg/C/125/spl deg/C) with solder pastes such as Sn-Pb and Sn-Ag-Cu are also explored, and the failure mechanism is scrutinized by SEM/EDX. The results show that the 2% Cu co-deposit in the Sn-Cu plating is free of whisker growth and solder cracking, and provides reliable solderability and robust solder joints. Cu migration during HAST is also addressed.
Shopping Center Parking Lot Liability (1965)

More than sixty-eight million automobiles were registered in the United States in 1963 alone. This horde of automobiles, along with the mass exodus to the suburbs, has caused shopping centers to become integral parts of community living, and has made facilities for parking around them of principal importance. The resultant revolution in merchandising has extended the property owner's duty of care to include such parking areas.
Nuclease protection by Drosophila DNA topoisomerase II (1989)

A DNA consensus sequence for topoisomerase II cleavage sites was derived previously based on a statistical analysis of the nucleotide sequences around 16 sites that can be efficiently cleaved by Drosophila topoisomerase II (Sander, M., and Hsieh, T. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 1057-1072). A synthetic 21-mer DNA sequence containing this cleavage consensus sequence was cloned into a plasmid vector, and DNA topoisomerase II can cleave this sequence at the position predicted by the cleavage consensus sequence. DNase I footprint analysis showed that topoisomerase II can protect a region of approximately 25 nucleotides in both strands of the duplex DNA, with the cleavage site located near the center of the protected region. Similar correlation between the DNase I footprints and strong topoisomerase II cleavage sites has been observed in the intergenic region of the divergent HSP70 genes. This analysis therefore suggests that the strong DNA cleavage sites of Drosophila topoisomerase II likely correspond to specific DNA-binding sites of this enzyme. Furthermore, the extent of DNA contacts made by this enzyme suggests that eucaryotic topoisomerase II, in contrast to bacterial DNA bacterial DNA gyrase, cannot form a complex with extensive DNA wrapping around the enzyme. The absence of DNA wrapping is probably the mechanistic basis for the lack of DNA supercoiling action for eucaryotic topoisomerase II.
Bone and Joint Diseases in the Elderly (1976)

Almost the hallmark of human aging, “rheumatism” can very often be managed by the primary physician. It is important to differentiate the varied etiologies so that the most appropriate therapy can be employed.
Headwall Influence on Scour at Culvert Outlets (1983)

This study investigates headwall influence on local scour downstream of culvert outlets. Scour holes produced by discharging jets of varying duration and magnitude through circular culverts onto a horizontal sand bed were observed and mapped. The bed material was a uniform sand with a mean grain diameter d50 = 1.86 mm and a standard deviation σ = 1.33. The culvert diameter was 102 mm (4 in.). A series of expressions are developed describing the depth, width, length, and volume of scour hole as a function of time, discharge intensity, and headwall conditions. Results are presented in equation and graphical form. A criterion is presented for the design depth of a headwall at culvert outlets.
Stable 100 kHz operation of passively Q-switched microchip laser (2006)

A stable passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser is presented. For repetition rates between 1 and 100 kHz, interpulse timing jitter and amplitude variation are better than ±1 and ±0.6%, respectively. It was experimentally demonstrated that multi-amplitude-pulse generation at high pulse repetition rates is due to multi-longitudinal-mode operation.
Perfluorosulfonated membrane (Nafion): FT-IR study of the state of water with increasing humidity (1999)

A detailed study of the Nafion–water system has been performed using water sorption isotherm, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR with the aim of investigating the state of water in the Nafion membrane. The last technique in particular can yield valuable information on molecular interactions, especially those involving water molecules. The first water molecules interact with sulfonic groups, forming hydronium H3O+ and –SO3- ions, while the following water molecules aggregate with H3O+ to form counter-ion clusters with five or six water molecules. Increasing the water content promotes cluster growth and cluster aggregation with the formation of a continuous water phase, where for every four molecules of water one has two hydrogen bonds, and each of the other three only one. All the sorption, calorimetric and infrared data agree with the proposed model of two non-interacting phase systems: the water-phase and the perfluoro-phase with sulfonic groups at the interphase. The only observed effects of water on Nafion polymer are sulfonic group dissociation and partial destruction of crystallinity associated in polymer swelling.
A multiscale method for the reassembly of two-dimensional fragmented objects (2002)

We describe an efficient procedure for reassembling unknown two-dimensional objects that have been broken or torn into a large number of irregular fragments, a problem that often arises in archaeology, art restoration, forensics, and other disciplines. The procedure compares the curvature-encoded fragment outlines, at progressively increasing scales of resolution, using an incremental dynamic programming sequence-matching algorithm. The total cost gets reduced by a factor proportional to the mean number of samples per segment, which makes the method viable for problems of practical size (thousands of fragments). The performance of our method is illustrated with an artificial but realistic example.
Contact and photocontact allergy to sunscreens. (1984)

Patch and photopatch test studies in 23 patients with reactions to sunscreen preparations revealed 17 photopatch and 38 patch test-positive reactions. The offending allergens could be traced in 18 of the 23 patients. Allergy to PABA was demonstrated in 11 patients, 5 of whom had photocontact allergy. Photocontact allergy to oxybenzone was seen in 3 patients, while 8 were sensitive to cinnamates, and 2 of these had a photocontact allergy. Six patients were sensitive to the PABA-derivatives octyldimethyl-PABA and amyldimethyl-PABA and the ester glyceryl PABA, 2 of whom had a photocontact allergy. None of the 3 patients with benzocaine sensitivity, including 2 with a photocontact allergy, reacted to the PABA-ester. Eight patients were sensitive to different cinnamates, including 2 cases of photocontact allergy. In one patient sensitivity to two azo-naphthol dyes, contained in a sunscreen preparation, was confirmed. Five other patients had positive skin test reactions to different sunscreen preparations but the offending allergen could not be traced. Thirteen of the 23 patients had chronic light sensitive disorders such as polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) or persistent light reactivity (PLR). Sunscreen sensitivity appears to be more common than previously reported.
Water-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Nanoplates (2015)

Ultrathin plate-like colloidal particles are effective candidates for Pickering stabilization of water-in-water emulsions, a stabilization that is complicated by the thickness and ultralow tension of the water-water interface. Plate-like particles have the advantage of blocking much of the interface while simultaneously having a low mass. Additionally, the amount of blocked interface is practically independent of the equilibrium contact angle θ at which the water-water interface contacts the nanoplates. As a result, the adsorption of nanoplates is stronger than for spheres with the same maximal cross section, except if θ = 90°.
Routing Overhead Minimization in Large-Scale Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

Link state routing (LSR) is widely adopted in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) while it's criticized for the high routing overhead. This work presents a hybrid mobility model for large-scale WMNs and develops a feedback-based distributed algorithm for each node to minimize the routing overhead by adaptively maximizing the control message broadcasting interval while satisfying its local mobility. This algorithm is integrated with other proposed schemes, into a routing protocol named THU-OLSR. Both theoretical analysis and simulation demonstrate that THU-OLSR effectively reduces the routing overhead and gains a better performance than other routing protocols in large-scale WMNs with hybrid mobility.
The Isolation and Characterization of Neomycin (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isolation and Characterization of NeomycinByron E. Leach, William H. DeVries, Harrison A. Nelson, William G. Jackson, and John S. EvansCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2797–2800Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a108https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a108research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immature teratoma of the posterior cranial fossa in a 4-month-old infant: A case report (2013)

The present study analyzed a case of immature teratoma in the posterior cranial fossa of an infant and compared the clinical data with the associated literature. Ventricular drainage was initially performed upon the patient's admission to the hospital. Following adequate pre-operative preparations, the tumor in the posterior cranial fossa was resected on the third day. No significant neurological function deficiency was observed following the surgery and no recurrence was noted within an 18-month follow-up period. In such cases, treatment should be conducted in a stepwise manner, with the hydrocephalus relieved first, followed by complete tumor resection subsequent to full preparation. Post-operative chemotherapy was not performed by conventional means as the infant was too weak, therefore, periodic reviews and long-term follow-up were required.
Mission Data Storage Consolidation (MDSC) (2002)

This paper describes a storage related project undertaken on the Consolidated Space Operations Contract (CSOC) by Lockheed Martin Space Operations (LMSO). The project, Mission Data Storage Consolidation (MDSC), was defined with the intent of enabling NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) to reduce storage costs in ground systems and related support operations. The current data storage architecture at JSC has evolved into “islands” of distributed storage. These “islands” have become larger and more numerous as the requirements have grown and expanded. The MDSC project was defined with the goal of reversing the current architectural trend developed over recent years within the NASA environment. MDSC will consolidate storage elements using a Storage Area Network (SAN) architecture and enable disparate systems to share storage resources. In addition, this architecture will enable the future enhancements such as the implementation of less costly “thin servers” and the use of “server-less” backups. This storage consolidation will result in cost savings from greater commonality of Commercial-of-theShelf (COTS) hardware and COTS software, with subsequent lower maintenance and sustaining costs. It will also enable a significant operational efficiency increase since more data may be managed per operations personnel. Furthermore, sharing storage devices will enable systems to share costs and for storage systems to be more fully and efficiently utilized. The new architecture will be able to meet future requirements of the Space Agency through expandability and adaptability of the system. For example, the SAN system implemented under MDSC will utilize open standards that will be more readily expandable and adaptable to meet growing storage needs more quickly and at a lower cost.
Taxonomy of Foraminifera from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia (2009)

Four hundred and four species of Holocene benthic foraminifera representing 156 genera are described from the back-reef lagoon of Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. The species are illustrated in 553 figures by over 4300 SEM and light microscope photographs of whole, dissected, sectioned or replicated specimens. Identified species are not re-described, but remarks are made on morphological features distinctive of each species and on similarities and differences between the Ningaloo Reef specimens and type material as well as specimens from elsewhere in Australia. Ten new species are described for common unidentified taxa including: the organic-cemented agglutinated Ammobaculites yardiensis; the Miliolida Quinqueloculina exmouthensis, Q. massiliniformis, Q. myagmarsuren, Q. ningalooensis and Q. tantabiddyensis; and the Rotaliida Ammonia rugulosa, Neoconorbina radiatogranulata, Pileolina haigi and Ungulatelloides cardabiaensis. About one quarter of taxa are recorded under open nomenclature as a revision of similar and related taxa is needed to clarify their status as new species or because more specimens are needed to describe a stable species concept. Unnamed species are provided with a brief description to assist with future identification. Agglutinated taxa are classified according to cement type, either organic-cemented or calcite-cemented, and recorded in alphabetical order within the genera recognised by Loeblich and Tappan (1987). All other taxa are recorded alphabetically under the orders recognised by Loeblich and Tappan (1994) and within genera recognised by Loeblich and Tappan (1987, 1994). Foraminifera are uncommon in most of the studied samples, typically constituting less than 1% of the lagoonal sediment. In channel muds and deeper water (20-30m) parts of the lagoon with a fine sandy substrate the foraminiferal diversity and abundance are highest. Immediate back-reef areas have a higher than average foraminiferal content but the diversity is low. The foraminiferal fauna is a shallow water sub-tropical assemblage with close affinities to faunas described from inner-neritic environments of the Indo-Pacific and Western Pacific regions. Many tropical species common to coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific region are absent or rare. Some species common in the cooler waters in southern parts of Australia are present or common in the samples.
Removing gender signature from fingerprints (2014)

The need of sharing fingerprint image data in many emerging applications raises concerns about the protection of privacy. It has become possible to use automated algorithms for inferring soft biometrics from fingerprint images. Even if we cannot uniquely match the person to an existing fingerprint, revealing their age or gender may lead to undesirable consequences. Our research is focused on de-identifying fingerprint images in order to obfuscate soft biometrics. In this paper, we first discuss a general framework for soft biometrics fingerprint de-identification. We implemented the framework to reduce the risk of successful estimation of gender from fingerprint images using ad-hoc image filtering. We evaluate the proposed approach through experiments using a data set of rolled fingerprints collected at West Virginia University. Results show the proposed method is effective in preventing gender estimation from fingerprint images.