gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new fault location method avoiding wave speed and based on traveling waves for EHV transmission line (2008)

The uncertainty of wave speed brings error to fault location based on traveling waves. The present fault location methods avoiding wave speed were based on single or double terminal traveling waves. However, invalidation or great error will occur when the attenuated waves can not be measured after refraction or reflection. Based on the basic theory of fault location, a new fault location method avoiding wave speed and transmission line radian is presented in this paper. By measuring the different time parameters when the initial traveling wave surge arrives at the reference bus, the opposite bus of fault line and the opposite bus of vicinal line, this method eliminates the influence caused by wave speed and radian of transmission lines from the expression of fault distance with use of the time parameters. The simulation shows the high accuracy and credibility of the method.
A Formal Basis For Removing Goto Statements (1996)

Journal Article A Formal Basis For Removing Goto Statements Get access S. Pan, S. Pan Software Quality Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. G. Dromey R. G. Dromey Software Quality Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 39, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 203–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/39.3.203 Published: 01 January 1996
CMOS PA-RISC processor for a new family of workstations (2002)

A novel low-cost, high-performance RISC (reduced instruction set computer) processor chip set implementing Hewlett Packard's PA-RISC instruction set has been developed. The design consists of a CPU chip containing 577 K transistors implemented in HP's CMOS26 technology and a floating-point coprocessor containing 640 K transistors and implemented in Texas Instruments' EPIC-2 CMOS technology. Key features of the design include a 66 MHz clock frequency, large configurable cache memories utilizing industry standard SRAMs, and several implementation features designed to improve floating-point and graphics performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Carbon Black on Poisson's Ratio of Elastomers (1975)

Abstract The experimental method developed is mostly suitable for measuring K of relatively incompressible materials such as members of the elastomer family. The accuracy of K values are estimated to be within ±3% for all rubber specimens. Its use can be extended to plastics with somewhat reduced accuracy. The results show that bulk modulus K for the four different rubbers tested increases almost linearly with carbon black content while the Young's modulus E increases much more rapidly as shown in Figure 3. It is interesting to note that Poisson's ratio v calculated using K and E does not fall below 0.4940 (Figure 5), and the value of v=0.4997 as quoted in engineering handbooks would be reasonable to use for most practical applications where the carbon black content is not excessive.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape Is Restricted When Conserved Genome Sequences Are Targeted by RNA Interference (2007)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediate sequence-specific gene silencing by cleaving the targeted mRNA. RNAi can be used as an antiviral approach to silence the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through stable expression of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). We previously reported efficient HIV-1 inhibition by an shRNA against the nonessential nef gene but also described viral escape by mutation or deletion of the nef target sequence. The objective of this study was to obtain insight in the viral escape routes when essential and highly conserved sequences are targeted in the Gag, protease, integrase, and Tat-Rev regions of HIV-1. Target sequences were analyzed of more than 500 escape viruses that were selected in T cells expressing individual shRNAs. Viruses acquired single point mutations, occasionally secondary mutations, but-in contrast to what is observed with nef-no deletions were detected. Mutations occurred predominantly at target positions 6, 8, 9, 14, and 15, whereas none were selected at positions 1, 2, 5, 18, and 19. We also analyzed the type of mismatch in the siRNA-target RNA duplex, and G-U base pairs were frequently selected. These results provide insight into the sequence requirements for optimal RNAi inhibition. This knowledge on RNAi escape may guide the design and selection of shRNAs for the development of an effective RNAi therapy for HIV-1 infections.
Roles of high-fidelity acoustic modeling in robust speech recognition (2007)

In this paper I argue that high-fidelity acoustic models have important roles to play in robust speech recognition in face of a multitude of variability ailing many current systems. The discussion of high-fidelity acoustic modeling is posited in the context of general statistical pattern recognition, in which the probabilistic-modeling component that embeds partial, imperfect knowledge is the fundamental building block enabling all other components including recognition error measure, decision rule, and training criterion. Within the session’s theme of acoustic modeling and robust speech recognition, I advance my argument using two concrete examples. First, an acoustic-modeling framework which embeds the knowledge of articulatory-like constraints is shown to be better able to account for the speech variability arising from varying speaking behavior (e.g., speaking rate and style) than without the use of the constraints. This higher-fidelity acoustic model is implemented in a multi-layer dynamic Bayesian network and computer simulation results are presented. Second, the variability in the acoustically distorted speech under adverse environments can be more precisely represented and more effectively handled using the information about phase asynchrony between the un-distorted speech and the mixing noise than without using such information. This high-fidelity, phase-sensitive acoustic distortion model is integrated into the same multi-layer Bayesian network but at separate, causally related layers from those representing the speaking-behavior variability. Related experimental results in the literature are reviewed, providing empirical support to the significant roles that the phase-sensitive model plays in environment-robust speech recognition.
Reception and Performance Enhancement Techniques for Constant Envelope OFDM (2014)

Constant Envelope OFDM provides a solution to the issue of a high peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM by using angle modulation to transform the OFDM signal to a constant envelope signal. However, Constant Envelope OFDM is based on nonlinear angle modulation and therefore presents its own unique set of challenges. These challenges are studied in this dissertation and addressed through the application of signal reception, equalization and error correction coding techniques to enable robust Constant Envelope OFDM performance. The impact of the threshold effect on Constant Envelope OFDM is studied. More specifically, the impact of cycle slip noise, both due to the threshold effect and phase wrapping issues, on Constant Envelope OFDM performance is considered. A novel cycle slip mitigation technique is developed which results in significant threshold extension. Novel receivers for Constant Envelope OFDM are also developed which allow for a lower complexity receiver implementation. These receivers alleviate the need to employ a phase demodulator at the receiver also resulting in immunity from the threshold effect and phase wrapping issues. The performance of these linear receivers is studied in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels and they are shown to perform well compared to the conventional arctangent based receiver. In frequency selective fading channels, a frequency domain equalizer is applied to Constant Envelope OFDM and shown to provide good performance in all cases. Since the performance of the frequency domain equalizer depends on the quality of the channel estimate, the effect of the amplifier nonlinearities on the channel estimate is studied for the case of alternate channel estimation training symbols. Furthermore, the application of error correction coding to Constant Envelope OFDM is also studied for the alternate receivers in AWGN and multipath fading channels. Finally, the impact of narrowband interference on Constant Envelope OFDM is studied. A prediction error filter (PEF) is employed to mitigate the narrowband interference resulting in significant performance improvement at low signal to interference ratios
Comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) caught using different methods in a malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea (2000)

The mosquito sampling efficiency of CDC (Centers for Disease Control) miniature light traps hung adjacent to mosquito nets, was compared with that of both indoor and outdoor human-bait collections in ten villages in the Wosera area of Papua New Guinea. The most frequently collected anopheline in the matched indoor and light trap samples was Anopheles koliensis Owen, followed by A. punctulatus Dönitz, A. karwari (James), A. farauti Laveran (sensu lato), A. longirostris Brug and A. bancroftii Giles. All species were much less frequent in the light traps than in landing catches. The hypothesis that the numbers of mosquitoes in light traps are proportional to human landing catches was examined using regression models that allowed for sampling error in both entomological measurements. Light traps under-sampled A. punctulatus and A. farauti s.l. at high densities. The models indicated that the ratio of light trap to landing catch females of A. koliensis and A. karwari increased with increasing mosquito density. Light trap catches of A. longirostris were proportional to indoor landing rates but when outdoor landing rates were high this species was under-sampled by light traps. Numbers of A. bancroftii in light traps were found to be proportional to those in outdoor landing catches, but were negatively related to those attempting to bite indoors. Circumsporozoite positivity rates for both Plasmodium falciparum Welch and P. vivax (Grassi & Feletti) in A. punctulatus and A. farauti s.l. were significantly higher in light trap collections than in either indoor or outdoor landing catches, suggesting that light traps may selectively sample older mosquitoes of these species.
Circulating antibody to renal collecting ducts in patients with hepatoma or renal-cell carcinoma. (1975)

An anti-kidney antibody was demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence method in the serum of patients with primary tumours of the liver or kidney. The distribution of fluorescence in rabbit kidney was consistent with that of antibody to collecting ducts. The anti-collecting duct antibody (anti-CDA) could be absorbed from serum by normal adult rabbit or human kidney tissue and by one of three specimens of renal-cell carcinoma tissue. Anti-CDA differed from anti-mitochondrial antibodies and from anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibody in the pattern of fluorescent staining obtained with rabbit kidney. Two-hundred sera from patients with cancer and other diseases and forty-three from healthy hospital personnel were tested for anti-CDA. Eleven of the twenty-five positive sera were from patients with primary cancer of the liver or urinary tract, and all but six of the remainder were from patients with tumours involving the liver or with liver disorders that may be associated with nodular hyperplasia or tumour.
A Study on Refrigeration (2014)

Refrigeration is a basic method of food preservation. All the refrigeration methods for food preservation are based on Reverse Carnot cycle, which explains Adiabatic and Isothermal Expansion and Compression. Basic components used in these cycles are Evaporator, Compressor, Condenser and Expansion Valve. Generally used cycle is Vapor Compression Cycle. Other cycles are Vapor Absorption Cycle, Gas Cycle. Other new methods of Refrigeration are Thermoelectric and Magnetic Refrigeration. Various types of refrigerants are used in these cycles based upon their properties. Commercially Refrigeration is used as preservation method in various food industries like Dairy and Meat Processing industry.
Analysis of Variance in Statistical Image Processing (1997)

A key problem in practical image processing is that of detecting certain features in a noisy image. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques can be very effective in such situations, and this book gives a detailed account of the use of ANOVA in statistical image processing. The book begins by describing the statistical representation of images in the various ANOVA models. A number of computationally efficient algorithms and techniques are then presented, to deal with such problems as line, edge and object detection, as well as image restoration and enhancement. By describing the basic principles of these techniques, and showing their use in specific situations, the book will facilitate the design of new algorithms for particular applications. It will be of great interest to graduate students and engineers in the field of image processing and pattern recognition.
An automated pick-place laser soldering process for electronics assembly (2002)

The trend to high pin-count high density packaging in surface mount assembly has highlighted inherent difficulties in the automatic placement and soldering of these very fine pitch devices. The integration of a laser soldering operation with the placement process can provide one solution to the problem, particularly where the attachment of large high-value devices is involved. This paper will describe the use of a solid state laser diode power source as part of an automatic pick-place-solder technique which, by allowing a secondary assembly process for specific devices, avoids the environmental extremes introduced by conventional soldering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Incidence and clinical significance of immunogenicity to infliximab in Crohnʼs disease (2009)

There is no clear evidence that ATIs have an impact on efficacy or safety, nor a need to measure or prevent them in clinical practice. Circulating drug concentration may be a more relevant measure of immunogenicity.
Characterization of the human transferrin and lactoferrin receptors in <i>Haemophilus</i> influenzae (1988)

The expression of human transferrin and lactoferrin binding activity in Haemophilus influenzae, detected by a binding assay using human transferrin or lactoferrin conjugated to peroxidase, was regulated by the level of available iron in the medium. Transferrin binding activity was present in all H. influenzae isolates tested but not detected in other Haemophilus species or in species of Pasteurella or Actinobacillus. Lactoferrin binding activity was only detected in 1/15 H. influenzae isolates tested. The transferrin and lactoferrin receptors were shown to be specific for the respective human proteins by means of a competition binding assay. Competition binding assays also showed that iron-loaded transferrin was more effective at blocking the transferrin receptor than apotransferrin, but no differences in receptor blocking were observed between iron-loaded lactoferrin and apolactoferrin.
Summary of Rogers v. State, 127 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 88 (2011)

An appeal from a district court denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, with consideration of the scope and applicability of Graham v. Florida to a term-of-years sentence.
Histological tumor grade correlates with HER2/c-erB-2 status in invasive breast cancer: a comparative analysis between immunohistochemical (CB11 clone and Herceptest), FISH and differential PCR procedures. (2003)

There is a growing clinical demand for analysis of the HER2/c-erbB-2 (HER2) status of breast cancer specimens because it provides valuable prognostic, predictive and therapeutic information. In this sense, a variety of methods is available for detection of HER2 status, although to date a reliable and sensitive test does not exist. In order to choose the most suitable procedure to assess HER2 status, we analyzed 102 invasive breast cancers for HER2 overexpression by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC), with the CB11 Mo-Ab and the Hercep Test kit, and for HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hyubridization (FISH) and differential PCR (dPCR). HER2 overexpression, determined by CB11 (group C) and HercepTest (2+ and 3+), was observed in 19 samples (18.6%) whereas genetic amplification was detected in 31 (30.4%) and 14 (13.7%) cases by FISH and dPCR, respectively. The majority of overexpressed/amplified specimens corresponded to high grade tumors. We found concordances of 78-80% and 93-95% between IHC vs FISH and IHC vs dPCR, respectively. Considering FISH procedure as a gold standard, we found a sensitivity and specificity of 48.4% and 94.3% for CB11 antibody, of 45.2% and 92.9% for HercepTest, and of 45.2% and for 100% for the dPCR. Thus, considering the sensitivity, specificity and the high grade of concordance between IHC and dPCR, we suggest the use of IHC for assessing HER2 status. However, due that sensitivity of IHC test is lower than FISH, we also suggest to carry out FISH on those cass in which IHC results are not definitive for its clinical evaluation.
Effect of chirping on solution propagation in single-mode optical fibers (1986)

The evolution of a linearly chirped pulse into a soliton is studied. Even under severe chirping, a soliton can be generated if the initial amplitude is high enough. However, the resulting soliton will always be broader than in the unchirped case.
End-to-End Photo-Sketch Generation via Fully Convolutional Representation Learning (2015)

Sketch-based face recognition is an interesting task in vision and multimedia research, yet it is quite challenging due to the great difference between face photos and sketches. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for photo-sketch generation, aiming to automatically transform face photos into detail-preserving personal sketches. Unlike the traditional models synthesizing sketches based on a dictionary of exemplars, we develop a fully convolutional network to learn the end-to-end photo-sketch mapping. Our approach takes whole face photos as inputs and directly generates the corresponding sketch images with efficient inference and learning, in which the architecture is stacked by only convolutional kernels of very small sizes. To well capture the person identity during the photo-sketch transformation, we define our optimization objective in the form of joint generative discriminative minimization. In particular, a discriminative regularization term is incorporated into the photo-sketch generation, enhancing the discriminability of the generated person sketches against other individuals. Extensive experiments on several standard benchmarks suggest that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-arts in both photo sketch generation and face sketch verification.
The tyrosinase-related protein-1 gene has a structure and promoter sequence very different from tyrosinase (1991)

We have determined the exon structure of the mouse tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) gene. The gene is only 15kb in length, but contains seven introns, in contrast to the tyrosinase gene which is almost 100kb long with only four introns. Only two introns are located in homologous positions in both genes. Intron I of TRP-1 has three alternative 5' splice sites clustered within 21bp, which all splice to the same 3' site. Intron V has a very unusual 5' splice site, which has the dinucleotide GC rather than the conventional GT. We show that as little as 370bp of 5'-flanking DNA is sufficient to direct cell-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene. The flanking DNA of TRP-1, unlike tyrosinase, does not contain a TATA box or a CCAAT box. Both mouse genes, however, share an 11bp sequence, also found in human tyrosinase, which we suggest may be a melanocyte-specific promoter element.
The Bacillus subtilis soj‐spo0J locus is required for a centromere‐like function involved in prespore chromosome partitioning (1996)

During sporulation in Bacillus subtilis a small prespore cell is formed by an asymmetric cell division. Pre-spore chromosome partitioning occurs by a specialised mechanism in which septation precedes chromosome movement. We show that the spo0J gene is needed to specify the orientation of the chromosome at the time of polar division and to impose directionality on the subsequent transport of the remainder of the chromosome through the septum. Both phenotypes may arise by disruption of a centromere-like apparatus that anchors the or/C region of the prespore chromosome in the pole of the cell.
Traumatic Brain Injuries Sustained in the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars (2008)

When traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs simultaneously with more obviously life-threatening wounds, it may go unrecognized. Civilians and military personnel working in or near combat zones are at risk for this injury. Blast-related and closed-head injuries, rather than penetrating injuries, constitute the majority of TBIs in this population. The authors describe the experiences of the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center team at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, and present a composite case to illustrate the nurse's role in the assessment and care of the TBI patient.
The Effect of Doppler Frequency Shift, Frequency Offset of the Local Oscillators, and Phase Noise on the Performance of Coherent OFDM Receivers (2001)

This paper first shows that the Doppler frequency shift affects the frequencies of the RF carrier, subcarriers, envelope, and symbol timing by the same percentage in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal or any other modulated signals. Then the SNR degradation of an OFDM system due to Doppler frequency shift, frequency offset of the local oscillators and phase noise is analyzed. Expressions are given and values for 4-, 16-, 64-, and 256-QAM OFDM systems are calculated and plotted. The calculations show that the Doppler shift of the D3 project is about 305 kHz, and the degradation due to it is about 0.01 to 0.04 dB, which is negligible. The degradation due to frequency offset and phase noise of local oscillators will be the main source of degradation. To keep the SNR degradation under 0.1 dB, the relative frequency offset due to local oscillators must be below 0.01 for the 16 QAM-OFDM. This translates to an offset of 1.55 MHz (0.01 x 155 MHz) or a stability of 77.5 ppm (0.01 x 155 MHz/20 GHz) for the DI project. To keep the SNR degradation under 0.1 dB, the relative linewidth (0) due to phase noise of the local oscillators must be below 0.0004 for the 16 QAM-OFDM. This translates to a linewidth of 0.062 MHz (0.0004 x 155 MHz) of the 20 GHz RIF carrier. For a degradation of 1 dB, beta = 0.04, and the linewidth can be relaxed to 6.2 MHz.