gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post‐Crosslinkable Blends: Reactions Between a Linear Poly(hydroxyl‐amino ether) and a Diepoxy (2004)

Abstract Summary: A thermoplastic poly(hydroxyl‐amino ether) polymer (BLOX) was blended with a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A monomer (DGEBA). This system may be used as a crosslinkable thermoplastic. It means that it may be processed in an extruder like a classic thermoplastic, and cured by etherification reactions initiated by tertiary amine groups of the BLOX in a second step, to produce a material with good mechanical properties. In order to understand and quantify the etherification reactions occurring at high temperature (135 °C), between epoxy groups of the diepoxy and hydroxyl groups of the thermoplastic, a model system was studied based on DGEBA in excess and ethanolamine. In the model system the rate of the etherification reaction was well described by a second‐order kinetic equation. The specific rate constants and the epoxy conversion at the gel were related to the polarity of the reactive medium. The polyetherification occurring in the DGEBA‐BLOX system could also be fitted with a second‐order kinetics. A significant increase in the reaction rate was observed when using high BLOX concentrations. magnified image
Previous Lung Disease and Risk of Lung Cancer among Men and Women Nonsmokers (1999)

From 1982 to 1984, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study of lung cancer in men and women nonsmokers in New York State. In-person interviews were completed for 437 lung cancer cases (197 never smokers, 240 former smokers) and 437 matched population controls. Cases and controls were asked to report any history of physician-diagnosed nonmalignant lung disease; cases were more likely than controls to report such a history. Statistically significant associations were found for emphysema (odds ratio (OR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.43), chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.10-2.72), and the combined endpoint of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or asthma (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.26-2.63). After adjustment for active and passive tobacco smoke exposure, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma (each condition and the combined endpoint) were significantly associated with lung cancer risk. The risk was more marked for squamous cell carcinomas and for subjects who were diagnosed at older ages, and it remained significant when surrogate interviews were excluded. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that certain prior lung conditions increase the risk of lung cancer in men and women nonsmokers.
Compact encoding of 3-D voxel surfaces based on pattern code representation (2002)

In this paper, we propose a lossless compression algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) binary voxel surfaces, based on the pattern code representation (PCR). In PCR, a voxel surface is represented by a series of pattern codes. The pattern of a voxel v is defined as the 3 x 3 x 3 array of voxels, centered on v. Therefore, the pattern code for informs of the local shape of the voxel surface around . The proposed algorithm can achieve the coding gain, since the patterns of adjacent voxels are highly correlated to each other. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using various voxel surfaces, which are scan-converted from triangular mesh models. It is shown that the proposed algorithm requires only 0.5 approximately 1 bits per black voxel (bpbv) to store or transmit the voxel surfaces.
Baseband design for 5G UDN base stations: Methods and implementation (2017)

Baseband design and implementation for micro/pico base stations (mBS) in 5G ultra-dense network (UDN) is studied. Low cost is an essential requirement for mBS baseband in UDN. Digital baseband cost of ASIC/ASIP (Application Specific Integrated Circuit / Instruction-set processor) is of the most uncertainty in mBS system. However, the actual costs and hardware feasibility of the baseband are yet unknown to network deployers and researchers. In this paper, we studied the baseband hardware system design and implementation for low-cost mBS. We analyzed popular baseband algorithms and architectures for both full-digital and hybrid beamforming (BF) for UDN. We then proposed feasible chip-level solutions for the baseband with up to 128-antenna BS system, and estimated their implementation cost. Results show that among full-digital BF algorithms, zero-forcing is a choice of high performance and low cost; for hybrid BF, 4×32 architecture (32 RF chains) provides good reduction in baseband cost with acceptable performance loss, thus it can be a preferable solution under low cost consideration. The proposed system planning method can also be used for the design of other related systems.
Determination of the complex refractive indices of aerosol from aerodynamic particle size spectrometer and integrating nephelometer measurements (2009)

An approach is developed to retrieve the complex index of refraction by coupling two well known instruments: an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer (APS) probe for measuring aerosol size distributions and an integrating nephelometer for measuring total light scattering coefficients. The retrieval is realized by an iterative least squares minimization of the fractional error between the nephelometer-measured light scattering coefficients and those calculated from the APS-measured size distributions based on the Mie theory for spherical particles. High-resolution data collected during two field experiments conducted at two locations with distinct environments in China are analyzed. The results show that light scattering coefficients, aerosol size distributions, and refractive indices all vary substantially with time. Further examination of their dependence on relative humidity suggests that instead of being monotonic change with relative humidity, the refractive index often fluctuates when the relative humidity changes. This nonmonotonic variation of refractive index with relative index suggests concurrent change of relative humidity and other chemical compositions. Possible errors in the retrieval are also discussed.
Design and Evaluation of Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle Upper Stage Engine (2014)

Abstract : The goal of the Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle, a modification to traditional engine architectures, is to find those missions and designs for which it has a competitive advantage over traditional upper stage engines such as the RL10. Previous work focused on developing an initial design to demonstrate the feasibility of the Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle. This research expanded the original cycle model in preparation for optimizing the engine's specific impulse and thrust-to-weight ratio. The changes to the model allowed automated parametric and optimization studies. Preliminary parametric studies varying oxidizer-to-fuel ratio, total mass flow, and chamber length showed significant improvements. Drawing on modeling lessons from previous research, this research developed a new engine simulation capable of achieving a specific impulse comparable to the RL10. Parametric studies using the new model verified the Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle architecture conforms to rocket engine theory while exceeding the RL10's performance. Finally, this research concluded by optimizing the Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle engine for three US government missions: the Next Generation Engine program, the X-37 mission, and the Space Launch System. The optimized Next Generation Engine design delivers 35,000 lbf of vacuum thrust at 469.4 seconds of vacuum specific impulse with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 127.2 in an engine that is one quarter the size of a comparable RL10. For the X-37 mission, the optimized design operates at 6,600 lbf of vacuum thrust and has a vacuum specific impulse of 457.2 seconds with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 107.5. The Space Launch System design produces a vacuum thrust of 100,000 lbf with a vacuum specific impulse of 465.9 seconds and a thrust-to-weight ratio of 110.2. When configured in a cluster of three engines, the Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle matches the J2-X vacuum thrust with a 4% increase in specific impulse.
Relative density based k-nearest neighbors clustering algorithm (2004)

With strong ability of discovering arbitrary shape clusters and handling noise, density based clustering is one of primary methods for data mining. This paper provides a k-nearest neighbors clustering algorithm based on relative density, which efficiently resolves these problem of being very sensitive to the user-defined parameters and too difficult for users to determine the parameters.
rpbA controls transcription of the constitutive phycocyanin gene set in Fremyella diplosiphon (1997)

Three gene sets encode alpha and beta subunits of the phycobiliprotein phycocyanin (PC) in the filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. The cpcB1A1 set (encodes PC1) is constitutively expressed, whereas the cpcB2A2 set (encodes PC2) is expressed only in red light and the cpcB3A3 set (encodes PC3) is expressed only during sulfur-limited growth. Primary pigment mutant strain FdBM1 is characterized by elevated levels of PC. DNA hybridization analysis showed that like many pigment mutants in our strain collection, strain FdBM1 harbors an extra genomic copy of endogenous transposon Tn5469. By direct cloning from FdBM1 genomic DNA, the extra copy of Tn5469 was localized to an open reading frame, which we have designated the rpbA gene. Complementation experiments correlated rpbA activity to the phenotype of strain FdBM1. The predicted RpbA protein contains two regions resembling the characterized helix-turn-helix motif which is involved in DNA recognition by many bacterial and phage transcription regulator proteins. RNA hybridization analysis showed that relative to the parental strain Fd33, the level of transcripts from cpcB1A1, but not cpcB2A2 or cpcB3A3, was significantly elevated in strain FdBM1. Introduction of the intact rpbA gene into strain FdBM1 restored the cpcB1A1 transcript level to that of strain Fd33. These results suggest that the rpbA gene product functions in controlling constitutive transcription from the cpcB1A1 gene set, possibly as a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor element.
Asymptotic Properties of Maximum Likelihood Estimators and Likelihood Ratio Tests under Nonstandard Conditions (1987)

Abstract Large sample properties of the likelihood function when the true parameter value may be on the boundary of the parameter space are described. Specifically, the asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators and likelihood ratio statistics are derived. These results generalize the work of Moran (1971), Chant (1974), and Chernoff (1954). Some of Chant's results are shown to be incorrect. The approach used in deriving these results follows from comments made by Moran and Chant. The problem is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the problem of estimating the restricted mean of a multivariate Gaussian distribution from a sample of size 1. In this representation the Gaussian random variable corresponds to the limit of the normalized score statistic and the estimate of the mean corresponds to the limit of the normalized maximum likelihood estimator. Thus the limiting distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator is the same as the distribution of the projection of the Gaussian random variable onto the region of admissible values for the mean. A variety of examples is provided for which the limiting distributions of likelihood ratio statistics are mixtures of chi-squared distributions. One example is provided with a nuisance parameter on the boundary for which the asymptotic distribution is not a mixture of chi-squared distributions.
Terpenoids of Cultivated Salvia canariensis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerpenoids of Cultivated Salvia canariensisGiuseppe Savona and Maurizio BrunoCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 4, 593–594Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50028a032https://doi.org/10.1021/np50028a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
About Pandora and other streaming music services: the new active consumer on radio (2012)

For decades, radio and music have had a perfect wedding. Now the digitalization created alternatives that also transformed the role of the consumer, from passive to active one; streaming music channels let you choose when you want to listen and even what music to hear. In this paper we relate these new challenges with the responsiveness of the traditional radio
Structural Damage Diagnosis Method by Using the Time-Reversal Property of Guided Waves (2010)

This paper proposes a new TR-based baseline-free SHM technique in which the time-reversal (TR) property of the guided Lamb waves is utilized. The new TR-based SHM technique has two distinct features when compared with the other TR-based SHM techniques: (1) The backward TR process commonly conducted by the measurement is replaced by the computation-based process; (2) In place of the comparison method, the TOF information of the damage signal extracted from the reconstructed signal is used for the damage diagnosis in conjunction with the imaging method which enables us to represent the damage as an image. The proposed TR-based SHM technique is then validated through the damage diagnosis experiment for an aluminum plate with a damage at different locations.
Radar Interferometry: Data Interpretation and Error Analysis (2001)

This book is the product of five and a half years of research dedicated to the und- standing of radar interferometry, a relatively new space-geodetic technique for m- suring the earth?s topography and its deformation. The main reason for undertaking this work, early 1995, was the fact that this technique proved to be extremely useful for wide-scale, fine-resolution deformation measurements. Especially the interf- ometric products from the ERS-1 satellite provided beautiful first results?several interferometric images appeared as highlights on the cover of journals such as Nature and Science. Accuracies of a few millimeters in the radar line of sight were claimed in semi-continuous image data acquired globally, irrespective of cloud cover or solar illumination. Unfortunately, because of the relative lack of supportive observations at these resolutions and accuracies, validation of the precision and reliability of the results remained an issue of concern. From a geodetic point of view, several survey techniques are commonly available to measure a specific geophysical phenomenon. To make an optimal choice between these techniques it is important to have a uniform and quantitative approach for describing the errors and how these errors propagate to the estimated parameters. In this context, the research described in this book was initiated. It describes issues involved with different types of errors, induced by the sensor, the data processing, satellite positioning accuracy, atmospheric propagation, and scattering character- tics. Nevertheless, as the first item in the subtitle ?Data Interpretation and Error Analysis? suggests, data interpretation is not always straightforward
“Once Upon A Star”: A Science Education Program Based on Personification Storytelling in Promoting Preschool Children’s Understanding of Astronomy Concepts (2020)

Research Findings Grounded on personification storytelling, this intervention study introduced a science program including extensive astronomy concepts to 24 children (4–5 years). The storytelling attributes personal characteristics to cosmic bodies with metaphors relating to children’s lives in explaining the scientific concepts, for example, the star explosion is presented as “a big vomit.” Drawing on such storytelling combined with follow up hands-on activities and free drawing, the children showed significant improvement in their understanding of the astronomy concepts. The children’s understanding was assessed with means of triangulation, including the analysis on pre- and post-intervention interviews, educators’ documentations, and children’s work samples. The analysis was based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural notion of children’s development of understanding from everyday concepts to scientific concepts. This study demonstrates preschool children’s potential in understanding abstract astronomy concepts that were considered unsuitable to them. Practice or Policy: The pedagogical function of storytelling in science education is widely recognized, yet its application is impaired by the fact that writing stories is difficult. The personification storytelling would inspire the story writing employing the similar strategies for the promotion of science education. This study confirms the claim that preschool children are capable of developing conceptual understanding in “real astronomy.”
Telephone repair illustrated (1993)

Telephone Repair Illustrated explains how to install, maintain and repair telephones. Without using esoteric theory or complicated mathematical formulae, this text provides a straightforward presentation of basic electronic communications principles, troubleshooting tables, service guidelines and illustrated repair techniques for non-technicians. Readers are introduced to tools and materials, test equipment, components and circuitry and methods for installing and servicing all popular kinds of residential and small business telephone systems. In addition to standard rotary and push-button telephones, Stephen Bigelow covers the latest cordless and cellular models and a variety of answering machines ranging from simple two-tape devices to voice synthesized, digital messaging machines.
Succinylcholine/suxamethonium (1995)

Succinylcholine has been used clinically for over 40 years despite uncertainties regarding its mechanism of action, many possible complications, side effects, and interactions with subsequently administered neuromuscular blocking drugs. The unique characteristics which make it invaluable and currently irreplaceable include not only its rapid onset but its rapid recovery.
Lithium niobate ridge waveguidesfabricated by wet etching (1995)

The authors report a novel method for fabricating proton exchanged LiNbO3 ridge waveguides by the wet etching of proton-exchanged LiNbO3. To demonstrate a simple and easy application of the LiNbO3 ridge waveguide, a Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator with a selfaligned electrode was fabricated.
Osteoblast-specific expression of growth hormone stimulates bone growth in transgenic mice. (1992)

Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of postnatal growth, acting on a wide variety of target tissues. Here, we show that local production of GH in osteoblasts is able to stimulate bone growth directly without significant systemic effects. Mice were made transgenic by microinjection of an osteocalcin-human GH (osteocalcin-hGH) gene construct in which approximately 1,800 bp of the rat osteocalcin promoter was fused to the hGH gene. Five lines of transgenic mice, each with measurable amounts of serum hGH (ranging from 1 to 1,000 ng/ml), were analyzed. Northern (RNA) blot hybridization showed that the hGH transcript was detectable only in the bone. Further characterization of hGH mRNA distribution by in situ hybridization revealed that in neonates the most intense signal was found in periosteal osteoblasts, while in adults, trabecular and endosteal osteoblasts were favored. In one transgenic line (992-1), hGH was expressed at a much lower level and had minimal systemic effects; however, the local concentrations of hGH in bone were sufficient to stimulate bone growth in these animals.
Growth at limiting dilution of human T cell colonies from T cell-depleted peripheral blood leukocytes. (1983)

Using a new culture system, we found that up to one-fourth of nylon-wool nonadherent human peripheral blood lymphocytes (NAd) could give rise to a colony containing T cells. Even after NAd cells were depleted of T cells (rosette-forming and/or OKT3+ cells and/or OKT11+ cells), up to one-ninth of cells could still give rise to a colony containing T cells. Colonies were grown in microwell liquid cultures in a vol of 0.02 ml/culture seeded with from 2 to 40 cells. Each cell concentration was set up with 60 or more replicates, and the results were analyzed using limiting dilution theory. Growth had an absolute requirement both for lymphokine(s) present in the supernatant of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes and for PHA. A fit to limiting dilution theory could be obtained only when heavily irradiated (3000 rad) peripheral blood leukocytes or NAd cells were also included, 300 cells/well being optimum. The system supported the development of OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells from OKT3-, OKT11-, OKM1-, and OKla1- precursors. All colonies contained some OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells, usually more than half the colony cells carrying the markers. Some colonies also contained OKTM1+ cells and OKla1+ cells at a frequency such that some colony cells must carry more than one marker.
Energy-Resolving X-ray Fluorescence Detection Using Synthetic Multilayers (1998)

The potential of synthetic multilayers for energy-resolving the X-ray fluorescence in X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments is discussed. Two detection systems, one using curved multilayers and the other using graded multilayers to select X-ray fluorescence photons, have been designed to cover a wide energy range with a usefully large solid angle. Such a detector will be more advantageous than the barrel-like crystal-array detector because of the unique properties of synthetic multilayers, such as larger horizontal acceptance angles and bandwidth. In addition, the detector should be much simpler to construct and readily accommodates energy changes, especially the detector using graded multilayers. Comparison of the multilayer array detector with conventional detectors, such as ionization chambers and conventional 13-element Ge detectors, shows that the proposed system will be superior, particularly with the increased photon fluxes available from insertion devices and with decreased sample concentration, since this detection system eliminates the ;bad' photons before they enter any X-ray detector. Consequently, the X-ray detector proper for this system does not suffer from the incident-count-rate bottleneck common to current X-ray fluorescence detectors with energy resolution by signal processing. Thus, this new fluorescence detection system will provide tremendous opportunities for XAFS measurements on dilute systems, such as biological systems, at third-generation synchrotron sources.
Influence of phospholipids on the crystallization of waxes in sunflowerseed oil (1988)

Abstract The effect of lecithins on wax crystallization in sunflowerseed oil was studied. The results showed that the presence of lecithins does not modify the nucleation stage, but decreases the crystalline size. Lecithin has a minimal effect on viscosity and does not change the wax/oil equilibrium ratio. It is proposed that the main mechanism of action of lecithin involves the partial adsorption on the surface of the wax crystals interfering with their growth.