gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and its effect on mammographic specificity and sensitivity (2002)

It is now widely recognised that the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can influence mammographic pattern. Approximately 17–24% of women using HRT may have demonstrable changes on sequential mammography consisting either of a generalised increase in background density or focal changes such as cyst formation or an increase in the size of fibroadenomata. In addition to demonstrable change, HRT may also lead to maintenance of breast density, so that the natural involution usually seen with age is not visualised. As the number of women taking HRT increases, and these women are in the age group targeted by breast screening programmes, there has been an increasing interest in the influence of HRT on the sensitivity and specificity of mammography.

Over the past few years several studies have been published addressing this issue and the results of these will be reviewed within the lecture. Overall, there is evidence of a reduction in sensitivity with HRT use, although this may be confined to women with a dense background pattern only. In addition, there is also evidence of decreased specificity in women taking HRT.
Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking cpFtsY or cpSRP54 exhibit different defects in photosystem II repair (2015)

Photosystem II (PS II) is a multi subunit protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. As the PS II reaction center protein D1 is prone to a light induced damage that inhibits PS II function especially at elevated light intensities, a highly ordered repair process including synthesis, targeting and insertion of D1 has evolved. To elucidate the function of the chloroplast signal recognition particle subunits, cpSRP43 and cpSRP54, and the cpSRP-receptor cpFtsY in D1 biogenesis we investigated the efficiency of the PS II repair cycle in the corresponding mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Immunological analyses, PAM measurements and in vivo labeling experiments demonstrate an impaired replacement of damaged D1 in the cpftsy mutant, while the chaos and the ffc mutant lacking cpSRP43 and cpSRP54, respectively, were not or hardly affected. The defect in cpftsy was neither caused by an impaired psbA transcript accumulation, D1 translation initiation nor by an enhanced D1 degradation. Further experiments revealed a decreased amount of salt stable, thylakoid membrane-associated translating ribosomes in the cpftsy mutant, while the amount of membrane-associated translating ribosomes is unaltered in the chaos and the ffc mutants. Therefore, our data indicate that the lack of cpFtsY leads to an inefficient PS II repair cycle caused by an impaired binding of translating ribosomes to the thylakoid membrane.
Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity (2002)

The use of amphotericin B limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Elevated creatinine associated with amphotericin B is not only a marker for renal dysfunction, but is also linked to an increase in hospital costs and a substantial risk for the use of haemodialysis and a higher mortality rate. Therefore, amphotericin B nephrotoxicity is not a benign complication and its prevention is essential. Several manipulations have been proposed to minimize amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity. Mannitol and frusemide administration are reported to be protective based on anecdotal observational reports. Small prospective and randomized trials do not suggest a protective effect. Three new formulations have been developed in attempts to improve both efficacy and tolerability: amphotericin B in a lipid complex (ABLC; Abelcet); amphotericin B colloidal dispersion; and liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome). Three prospective randomized studies have clearly shown that AmBisome is less nephrotoxic than amphotericin B. In a double-blind randomized trial significantly fewer patients receiving AmBisome had nephrotoxic effects. This significant reduction in azotaemia was also observed among subgroups of patients receiving concomitant therapy with nephrotoxic agents. Moreover, there were fewer patients with hypokalaemia in the group receiving AmBisome. A recent multicentre double-blind study has shown that AmBisome (3 or 5 mg/kg/day) has a better safety profile than Abelcet (5 mg/kg). Patients in both AmBisome treatment groups experienced less chills/rigors, less nephrotoxicity based on a doubling of serum creatinine, and fewer toxic reactions resulting in discontinuation of therapy. In conclusion, amphotericin B nephrotoxicity is observed frequently. It clearly increases patient mortality. Nephrotoxicity must be recognized early, based on tubular abnormalities and a mild increase in serum creatinine. Its prevention relies on the detection and suppression of risk factors and the use of AmBisome.
Mis-diagnosis of brown snake bite? -letter- (2000)

The authors discuss a previously reported case of brown snake envenomation. They highlight the need for critical interpretation of VDK results and correct a possible mis-diagnosis. (non-author abstract)
The monkey globus pallidus: neuronal discharge properties in relation to movement. (1980)

1. Recordings were made of the natural discharges of 388 pallidal neurones in awake, free-to-move monkeys in order to describe the discharge properties of such neurones in relation to normal movement performance. 2. Of the 388 neurones, 156 discharged only in association with one direction of movement of the forelimb about a specific joint. If that movement was not taking place the neurone would not discharge. 3. All joints and directions of movement for the upper limb were represented by clusters of cells within the pallidal population. 4. Twenty-nine per cent of neurones co-varied with movement of both contralateral and ipsilateral limb for the same direction of movement about a given joint; distal movements were represented with similar frequency to proximal movements in this group. 5. Afferent information provided by natural stimulation of peripheral receptors did not directly influence either the discharging or non-discharging pallidal neurones. 6. Movement related neurones were regionally organized and were found in the posterior part of the pallidum.
The Middle East (1966)

1. Most of the available studies on labour relations in the Arab-Moslem world are either by American social scientists or Arab authors trained in the American school, but these experts are not very numerous. Not a single social or industrial psychologist appears to have turned his attention to this field. French scholars have generally not touched upon the subject, apart from the works of the neo-orientalists (ME. 4, 5, 9, 10). The most interesting studies on economic and social development problems have come from regional research workers. However, with the development of universities and other research training centres, and the establishment outside the region of institutes for Middle Eastern studies, there is every reason to hope that there will soon be an adequate supply of research workers of Arab origin and culture.
[Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive cells in esophageal abrasive balloon cytology and their clinical significance]. (1987)

gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(gamma-GT) activity of cells from esophageal abrasive balloon cytocollection in 150 outpatients was detected and the characteristics of gamma-GT positive cells were studied in 107/150 cases. The gamma-GT positive cells may have been squamous cancer cells, dysplastic, hyperplastic or normal epithelial cells seen simultaneously or individually on a smear. The normal intermediate and superficial layer cells with positive gamma-GT were very frequently observed on the positive cytological smears. The hyperplastic and dysplastic cells were less frequently observed on the smear as compared with that of the high incidence area. Of 150 specimens, no cancer cells or gamma-GT activity was detected in 35; gamma-GT positive cells were observed in 70 out of 73 positive smears (95.9%); negative cancer cells and gamma-GT positive cells were seen in the rest 42. 25 of these 42 patients were followed and 19 became diagnosed as esophagus cancer by repeated abrasive balloon, biopsy or X-ray examination. It is suggested that the persistent gamma-GT strongly positive cells be a signal of the existence of cancer. In other words, gamma-GT detection on the smears can be used as an adjuvant parameter in cytology to improve cytological diagnosis.
The effects of aging on the responsiveness of the cholinergic receptor of the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig isolated ileum. (1987)

The responsiveness of the cholinergic receptor (ChR) of the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig isolated ileum was characterized by determining the ED50 of acetylcholine (ACh) and pA2 of mepenzolate (MPZ) in tissues from animals of different ages. The ages of guinea pig were 0.75, 3, 6 and 24 months respectively. According to our data, the sensitivity of ChR decreased with age peaking around 6 months after which time there was an increase in sensitivity. There was no difference in the pA2. The results of this investigation suggest that changes in the ChR with age may have potential in the understanding of aging process and the use of age rather than the weight of animal may provide more reproducible data in studies using isolated preparations.
Combined intra- and inter-domain traffic engineering using hot-potato aware link weights optimization (2008)

A well-known approach to intradomain traffic engineering consists in finding the set of link weights that minimizes a network-wide objective function for a given intradomain traffic matrix. This approach is inadequate because it ignores a potential impact on interdomain routing due to hot-potato routing policies. This may result in changes in the intradomain traffic matrix that have not been anticipated by the link weights optimizer, possibly leading to degraded network performance.
Effect of multiple cell culture passages on the biological behaviour of chicken anaemia virus (1998)

The Cux-1 isolate of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was passaged over 320 times in Marek's disease virus transformed chicken lymphoblastoid (MDCC-MSB1) cells. Comparison of the infectivity titres of virus pools derived from viruses that had received 0 (P0), 49 (P49), 170 (P170) and 320 (P320) passages in our laboratory indicated that the yields of infectious virus increased over 100-fold with passage number from P0 to P170. P320 exhibited unusual cell culture growth characteristics in that, unlike its lower passage counterparts, virus-specific immunofluorescence (IF) and cytopathic effect were detected at very low levels at 2 days post infection, with an additional passage of infected cells into fresh medium being required to produce high levels of infectious virus. Experimental infection of 1-day-old SPF chicks showed that P170 and P320 were substantially attenuated compared to P49 and a pathogenic, low-passage isolate used as control. When assessed by the indirect IF test, infection of 1-day-old chicks with the P49 and P170 isolates elicited similar levels of CAV-specific antibody to those elicited by infection with the pathogenic, low-passage virus and higher than those elicited by infection with the P320 isolate. Experimental infection of 5-week-old chicks indicated that the attenuated P170 and P320 isolates invoked similar CAV-specific antibody levels to those invoked by the pathogenic P49 and control isolates.
Toward Linearity in Schottky Barrier CNTFETs (2015)

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors are expected to be beneficial for analog high-frequency applications due to, among others, their inherent linearity and, thus, very low signal distortion. Achieving this linearity has so far been assumed to depend on meeting the following conditions: Ballistic single-subband transport, ohmic contacts, and quantum capacitance limited operation. However, these conditions are very difficult to meet in realistic devices and circuit applications. It is shown in this paper that high linearity is also possible under significantly relaxed and, in particular, more practical conditions. This paves the way toward the exploration of linearity in realistic devices suffering from carrier scattering in the channel and with Schottky-like contacts, as well as thicker and lower-κ gate oxides, which do not allow operation in the quantum capacitance limit. This study is based on results obtained with a Boltzmann transport equCarbon nanotube field-effect transistors are expected to be beneficial for analog high-frequency applications due to, among others, their inherent linearity and, thus, very low signal distortion. Achieving this linearity has so far been assumed to depend on meeting the following conditions: Ballistic single-subband transport, ohmic contacts, and quantum capacitance limited operation1. However, these conditions are very difficult to meet in realistic devices and circuit applications. It is shown in this paper that high linearity is also possible under significantly relaxed and, in particular, more practical conditions. This paves the way toward the exploration of linearity in realistic devices suffering from carrier scattering in the channel and with Schottky-like contacts, as well as thicker and lower-κ gate oxides, which do not allow operation in the quantum capacitance limit. This study is based on results obtained with a Boltzmann transport equation solver that includes tunneling through potential barriers.ation solver that includes tunneling through potential barriers.
Ge-on-Si films obtained by epitaxial growing: edge dislocations and their participation in plastic relaxation (2012)

Pure edge 90° misfit dislocations (MDs) are the most effective linear defects that combine the substrate and the film with different lattice parameters. A system consisting of a nonstressed film and a substrate approaches the perfect case in terms of the structural transition from one lattice parameter to the other if imperfections in the form of an ordered network of edge MDs are located exclusively at the interface, while threading dislocations are practically absent. The path to this perfect case goes through studying the possibilities of creating such an ordered network of edge MDs. The mechanism of formation of edge MDs proposed previously by Kvam et al (1990 J. Mater. Res. 5 1900) is discussed. This mechanism involves induced formation of a complementary pair of 60° MDs whose coalescence at the interface creates an edge MD. Some publications are presented, which demonstrate on the basis of experimental data that this mechanism under certain conditions can be the basic mechanism responsible for plastic relaxation of Ge-on-Si films. A cardinal method for decreasing the number of defects at the initial stages of growth of Ge/Si heterosystems is a set of procedures that allow a specified number of MDs to be inserted into the stressed film earlier than conditions of spontaneous nucleation of MDs from the film surface in the 2D–3D transition occur. When the low-temperature/high-temperature strategy of growth is used, the low-temperature GeSi seed layer tuned with respect to the growth temperature, composition and thickness can serve as a source of 60° dislocations, which facilitate earlier formation of edge MDs at the initial stage of plastic relaxation of the GeSi or Ge main layer. Results of some recent publications that report reaching high structural perfection of thin (∼1 µm and less) Ge-on-Si films are discussed. The proposed explanation of these results is based on postulates of controlled insertion of MDs and formation of edge MDs by the model of induced nucleation.
An improved micro-power pre-amplifier for dry-electrode ECG recording (2007)

Abstract:- This paper describes the development of a very low-power pre-amplifier intended for use in pasteless-electrode recording of the human electrocardiogram. The expected input signal range is 100μV-10mV from a lead II electrode configuration. The amplifier provides a gain of 42dB in a 3dB bandwidth of 0.05Hz- 2kHz with an input impedance of 280MΩ and a CMRR of greater than 80dB. Its gain and phase characteristics meet the recommendations of the AHA, making it suitable for clinical diagnostic monitoring. The amplifier has a power consumption of 20μW operating from a 3V battery and is intended for use in small, lightweight, portable electrocardiographic equipment and heart-rate monitoring instrumentation. Key-Words: ECG, Dry-electrodes, Ultra-low power amplifier, Skin-Electrode Interface. 1
Aspiration of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hematoma with Frameless and Fiducial-Free Navigation System: Technical Note and Preliminary Result (2008)

The use of a frameless and fiducial-free navigation system appears to be a time-efficient, safe, and effective method for the aspiration of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma.
Two-Dimensional 5:8 Modulation Code for Holographic Data Storage (2009)

We present a two-dimensional (2D) 5:8 modulation code which does not allow isolated pixel patterns for holographic data storage. We compare it with 6:8 code and uncoded cases. Bit error rates (BERs) are measured by the threshold detection and the 2D soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) collaborated with 2D equalizer at the blur of 1.85. The proposed 2D 5:8 modulation code is simpler than conventional 6:8 code and removes all the isolated 2D ISI patterns. As a result, when the 2D SOVA is applied and the data is quantized to 1 or 2 bits, the SNR of the proposed 5:8 code is approximately 3 dB better than that of the 6:8 code at 10-5 BER. When the data is quantized to 3 or 4 bits, both codes show similar performance.
Research and Implementation on the Flexible Feasibility of AGV Routing (2011)

In order to solve the evaluation problem of automated guided vehicle system (AGVS) flexibility, a new feasibility evaluation approach is proposed according to the present research situation. This method can deal with the problem of AGVS rescheduling caused by provisional change of production tasks. The effectiveness of this method is also proved in this paper. Simulation result shows that the method can evaluate the reschedule feasibility under provisional situations. And the prospect of this method is also discussed in this paper. It is proved that the method is efficient and feasible.
Separation of Function Between the Domains of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (1998)

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST1) is a superantigenic exotoxin produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus Structurally, TSST1 is composed of two domains: residues determined by crystallography to directly interact with MHC II molecules reside within the N-terminal domain, while TSST1 residues critical for superantigenicity are within the C-terminal domain. In this study, we expressed the individual N- and C-terminal domains of TSST1 in Escherichia coli and studied their biologic activities. The TSST1 N-terminal domain (TSST(1-87)) did not induce proliferation of human PBLs or release of TNF-beta, but did induce TNF-alpha release. However, TSST1-elicited proliferation and release of both TNF isoforms were inhibited by a molar excess of TSST(1-87). The TSST1 C-terminal domain (TSST(88-194)) did not bind MHC II molecules, yet it elicited production of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, and induced TCR Vbeta-specific proliferation similarly to intact TSST1. When covalently cross-linked to tumor cells, TSST(88-194) elicited a local in vivo antitumor response indistinguishable from TSST1. Although intact TSST1 causes lethal shock in vivo, the individual domains of this molecule may have therapeutic potential: the N-terminal domain to antagonize lymphocyte activation and TNF release during acute TSST1-precipitated toxic shock syndrome, and the C-terminal domain to stimulate antitumor responses without MHC II binding.
A Bad-Block Test Design for Multiple Flash-Memory Chips (2012)

Flash-memory has become a popular alternative in storage systems, due to its characteristics in non-volatility, shock-resistance, and low-power consumption. When a flash-memory chip is created priori to shipping, its initial bad blocks should be identified, where a bad block means that data stored in the block could be unreliable and can not be used. For safety and reliable reasons, any bad blocks should be efficiently identified by considering the operational model of flash-memory chips. In this paper, we will propose a bad-block test design for multiple flash-memory chips to efficiently identify bad blocks. The objective is to exploit exe-cution parallelism and provide QoS guarantees. We will define a real-time task model and provide the schedulability analysis. We further provide a reasonable execution time setup for real-time tasks and show that the execution time setup can provide a schedulable result. In the experiments, a real case is discussed and measured such that the bad-block test design can be realized by configuring the corresponding computation time, the period, and the longest non-preemption time.
Haemodynamic and humoral responses to chronic ketanserin treatment in essential hypertension. (1984)

Ketanserin (120 mg/day) or placebo was given orally to 14 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension according to a double blind crossover protocol, each treatment period lasting six weeks. Resting intra-arterial pressure in the recumbent position was reduced from 150/84 to 141/77 mm Hg; the hypotensive effect persisted throughout an uninterrupted graded exercise test to the point of exhaustion. The haemodynamic effects were similar at rest and during exercise. Overall, systemic vascular resistance decreased by 14%, heart rate fell by 5%, but stroke volume and cardiac output increased. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure and capillary wedge pressure were not significantly affected, but pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 15%. The pressor response to methoxamine was significantly reduced by ketanserin. Both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations increased, plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentration decreased, and plasma aldosterone concentration was unchanged. The data indicate that ketanserin induces arteriolar dilatation, possibly related to an alpha-1-antagonistic action and to a reduced circulating angiotensin II concentration. The haemodynamic response is complex, and an increase in cardiac output limits the hypotensive effect. There is no firm evidence of an effect on venous tone as cardiac filling pressures do not change.
Micro-syntax, macro-syntax, foregrounding and backgrounding in discourse (2012)

Adopting Berrendonner’s (1990, 2002) and Berrendonner et al.’s (forthcoming) distinction between “micro-syntax” and “macro-syntax”, as well as the orthogonal dichotomy between foregrounded and backgrounded discourse segments (cf. Khalil 2005), this paper aims to examine certain “non-canonical” interactions amongst these domains. In particular, it analyses instances where a potential referent is evoked within a highly presupposed, discursively backgrounded text segment, but where that referent is targeted via an “anadeictic” indexical expression and may be made into a discourse entity in its own right. This last-mentioned use is characteristic of discourse deixis, but not of anaphora as such. The paper also examines larger stretches of text, which relate to each other discursively in terms of “macro-syntax”. The overall aim is to characterise the limits of discourse-anaphoric reference as a function of the degree of backgrounding or foregrounding of the discourse units in terms of which the referent is determined and targeted.
Conformational Equilibria in Diols: The Rotational Spectrum of Chiral 1,3-Butandiol (2011)

The rotational spectra of five conformers of 1,3-butandiol have been measured by pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. All of them are stabilized by an internal hydrogen bond and all of them have a GG' or a G'G arrangement of the two hydroxyl oxygens, which means that both oxygen atoms are on the same side with respect to the C1C2C3 plane. Apart from the spectroscopic constants, the relative abundances in the supersonic expansion are provided.