gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the variation in the lean tissue distribution of sheep (1982)

ABSTRACT The distribution of lean tissue between eight standard joints was examined in 956 crossbred lambs slaughtered at constant live weights of either 35 or 40 kg. The sire breeds used were the Dorset Down, Ile-de-France, Oldenburg, Oxford, Suffolk and Texel. Sire breed did not have a significant effect on the proportion of total carcass lean found in the higher-priced joints but did show significant differences in the proportion of total carcass lean found in individual joints, with a maximum difference of 7·7 g total lean per kg joint being recorded. Similarly, small but significant effects due to ewe age (1 to 3 years), rearing type (single, twin, triplet), sex (male castrate, female) and weight of total lean were reported for the proportion of total carcass lean found in different joints. Heritability estimates ranged from 0·07 (s.e. 008) to 0·65 (s.e. 0·16) for the proportion of total lean in the best-end neck and higher-priced joints respectively. Phenotypic standard deviations of 5·8g/kg and 17·9g/kg were reported for the proportion of total lean found in the best-end neck and the higher-priced joints respectively. The genetic correlations between the proportion of total lean in each of the higher-priced joints and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints combined were positive. A genetic correlation of 017 (s.e. 0·20) was found for the relationship between average daily gain from birth to slaughter and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints.
Trick play schemes for advanced television recording on digital VCR (1995)

Three technical elements that together implement trick-play modes of digital VCR for ATV recording are proposed: a data arrangement format, a trickplay tracking algorithm, and a coefficient extraction algorithm. First, an efficient tape format is carefully designed for fast forward and reverse playbacks at various speeds. It can accommodate two pickup head configurations. The success of this formal relies on a reliable trick-play tracking scheme. This tracking scheme is capable of automatically driving the pickup heads to trace the correct trajectory in typically less than 350 ms. Lastly, an adaptive coefficient extraction algorithm is presented, which produces fairly good quality trick-play images under severe bit limitation. A related issue is to choose a balanced bit budget that provides a good compromise between picture spatial quality and temporal quality. Simulations at a video recording bit rate of 25 Mb/s have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.
Efficient group handoff decision algorithm for wireless networks with mobile access points (2011)

We consider a wireless network in which a number of users on the ground communicate with an mobile access point (M-AP) mounted in an aerial vehicle. Because the M-AP can be easily placed on a suitable position for relaying data traffic between a source node and a destination node, the use of the M-AP is considered as an important issue for various applications such as military communications. In this network, a different handoff pattern will occur according to the movement of the M-AP. That is, a group of users can be suddenly placed out of cell coverage when the M-AP moves another position. Thus, we propose an efficient handoff decision algorithm based on the combination of absolute values of received signal strength (RSS) and their variation. Numerical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher RSS level during handoff and reduced handoff recognition time compared with the conventional algorithm.
Prostaglandins from human T suppressor/cytotoxic cells modulate natural killer antibacterial activity. (1989)

We have recently described potent antibacterial activity of purified human NK cells. Here we show that this function is regulated by T cytotoxic/suppressor CD8+ cells. Thus, coculture of NK and CD8+ cells for 3 h or longer times abrogated the expression of the NK antibacterial activity, and of two activation markers IL-2R and transferrin receptor (Tf-R). The suppressive activity was mediated by PGE2 as demonstrated by direct PGE2 determination in CD8+ cell free supernatants, and by inhibition of CD8+ cell suppression with indomethacin or piroxicam in vitro. We also found that resting T cytotoxic/suppressor cells purified by negative selection produce higher amounts of PGE2 than adherent cells like monocytes and macrophages, and that these concentration levels are in the range of concentrations known to suppress a significant number of in vitro immunologic functions.
Catching wildfowl by artificial light (1966)

At Fair Isle Bird Observatory we use an assortment of methods for catching birds to ring. The majority of our catch each year are either passerines trapped in permanent Heligoland traps, small wire traps and mist-nets, or Fulmars, Shags, auks and gulls, ringed on the cliffs. Since 1959 we have been catching a variety of species by the use of artificial light at night. We have been particularly interested in those species which do not usually enter our normal traps, including wildfowl, waders and wintering gulls. We have so far caught and ringed by the use of artificial light about 630 birds of 51 species. In 1965, we caught 166 birds of 28 species by this method alone.
The effects of intraocular injection of interleukin-13 on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. (2001)

Injection of IL-13 into the anterior chamber may inhibit the ocular inflammation induced by LPS injection by reducing intraocular cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in ocular tissues.
Infrastructure Security Modelling for Utility Computing (2005)

Aging is no longer an issue of concern only to industrialized countries. Recent estimates project that by the year 2000 there will be 590 million people aged 60 or older worldwide. Of these 590 million approximately 61% will be living in lesser developed countries. Thus, these countries will shortly face critical decisions concerning the impact of these aging populations on state plans for economic development. China, the country with the largest anticipated number of elderly in the world, provides an instructive case of how one developing country is attempting to balance the needs of the elderly with those of the nation as a whole. In particular the rapid aging of the Chinese population has prompted official concern about the financial implications of providing health care to increasing numbers of disabled or frail elderly. This paper reports the efforts of one study to determine the extent of disability and frailty among the urban elderly and the strategies they and their family members have developed to cope with it. The research was conducted between June 1987 and January 1988 in two neighborhoods of Canton, the capital of Guangdong Province. Two hundred households, each containing at least one member 70 years of age or older, were randomly selected from household registration lists. In each household a 1-2 hr interview was conducted with the elder (or, in the case of those too disabled to participate, a proxy) on the following topics: personal background, proximity and contact with kin, household composition and organization, health and functionality, use of medical services, work history, income sources, daily activities, and attitudes regarding intergenerational relations. The paper is divided into five parts addressing the following topics: (1) China and research on aging, (2) comparative data--problematic aspects, (3) methodological issues to consider when investigating disability, (4) the findings of the study, and (5) the significance of ideological, environmental, and political factors in mediating the experience of age-associated disability in China.
Dye‐free protein molecular weight markers (2005)

Protein molecular weight markers are widely used in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. Here, we describe novel protein molecular weight markers in which a prestaining procedure is no longer needed. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is stable and resistant to denaturing agents/conditions. Various histidine-tagged GFP fusion proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by metal affinity chromatography. The minimal amount of each protein marker needed for analysis in SDS-PAGE and Western blot under visible light was 62.5 and 125 ng, respectively. Under ultraviolet (UV) ray, the minimal amount of each protein marker needed for analysis in SDS-PAGE and Western blot was half of those amounts used under visible light, respectively. Collectively, the accuracy, sensitivity, ease, economy, and flexibility of our strategy may reinforce the application of GFP in molecular biology.
The factors influencing the formation of Li2CO3 from LiOH and CO2 (1980)

LiOH is used to remove CO2 from the atmosphere in three environmental control systems of the Shuttle program, and the investigation of the performance dependent parameters for the CO2 reaction with LiOH is reported. Emphasis is placed on LiOH quality acceptance criteria and on identifiying the relationships between the reaction rate and the following independent parameters: temperature, CO2 partial pressure (PP), H2O concentration in the solid, amount of remaining LiOH and the porosity of the LiOH pellets. Results showed that the reaction rate is proportional to the CO2 PP for PP at least as high as 40 mm Hg (5330 N/sq m). It is also noted that a significant difference in the reactivity of wet and dry LiOH was not detected.
Direct probe of heterojunction effects upon photoconductive properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>nanotubes fabricated by atomic layer deposition (2010)

This study investigated Schottky- and ohmic-contact effects upon the photoresponses of ITO/TiO(2)/Si and Ti/TiO(2)/Si nanotube-based photodiodes. The TiO(2) tube arrays were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and shaped by an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template on a p-type Si substrate. The contact area between the electrode (Ti or ITO) and the TiO(2)'s tip was varied by tuning the tube's inner wall thickness with ALD, providing a direct and systematic probe of the heterojunction effects upon the photodiodes' responses. Results show that the Ti/TiO(2)/Si diode exhibits a highly thickness-dependent photoresponse. This is because the photocurrent is driven by the p-n junction at TiO(2)/Si alone and it faces no retarding at the ohmic contact of Ti/TiO(2). For the ITO/TiO(2)/Si diode, the Schottky contact at ITO/TiO(2) regulates photocurrent overriding TiO(2)/Si as a result of higher efficiency in photogeneration, leading to the opposite response compared with the Ti/TiO(2)/Si diode. Respective energy band diagrams are provided to support the statements above, and a consistent picture is obtained for both time response and quantum efficiency measurements.
A two-level stochastic approximation for admission control and bandwidth allocation (2000)

In an access node to a multiservice network [e.g., a base station in an integrated services cellular wireless network or the optical line terminal (OLT) in a broad-band passive optical network (PON)], the output link bandwidth is adaptively assigned to different users and dynamically shared between isochronous (guaranteed bandwidth) and asynchronous traffic types. The bandwidth allocation is effected by an admission controller, whose goal is to minimize the refusal rate of connection requests as well as the loss probability of cells queued in a finite buffer. Optimal admission control strategies are approximated by means of backpropagation feedforward neural networks, acting on the embedded Markov chain of the connection dynamics; the neural networks operate in conjunction with a higher level bandwidth allocation controller which performs a stochastic optimization algorithm. The case of unknown, slowly varying input rates is explicitly considered. Numerical results are presented that evaluate the approximation and the ability to adapt to parameter variations.
Data mining time series with applications to crime analysis (2002)

This paper is a study of methods of predicting the number of breaking and enterings (B&Es) in subcity regions of Richmond, Virginia. In this study, predictions are made for B&Es in each of four precincts as well as in regions measuring approximately 0.64 square miles. These predictions can be helpful to police efforts by helping them more effectively allocate resources. The paper includes investigation into the distribution of incidents of breaking and entering, which concludes that B&Es are not Poisson distributed. Furthermore, in the analysis of the data, incidents of B&Es also do not show evidence of seasonal patterns. The research investigates factors that many believe are related to crime, such as unemployment rates, previous incidents of crimes, and alcohol sales.
A two-beam RFQ for ion beam funneling (2002)

The front end of a spallation source linac, e.g. for the European Spallation Source (ESS) and also a Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion (HIIF) driver injector has to provide a high current and small emittance ion beam which cannot be provided by one single ion source. The space charge forces at the low energy part of the linac are the strongest current limitations. For these reasons the required beam will be reached by several funneling stages, where two identically bunched ion beams are combined into a single beam with twice the frequency, current and brightness. For the most critical first funneling stage a two-beam RFQ, where two beams are bunched and accelerated in a single RF cavity and a novel scheme for an RF funneling deflector operating at low voltages has been developed. With the use of convergent incoming beams, the funneling structure will be placed around the beam crossing position. The experimental setup of combination of a two-beam RFQ with such a deflector for funneling of two He/sup +/-beams at low energies will be presented.
Expression and function of P2X purine receptors in the enteric nervous system (2011)

P2X receptors are ligand gated ion channels, extracellular ATP is their natural extracellular ligand. When any of the subtypes of P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are combined, P2X channel opens, allowing cations (calcium, sodium, potassium, etc. ) pass through. Enteric nervous system is composed of the gut myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus, in both of which P2X receptors exist, mediating different effects under physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, the enteric nervous system,P2X receptor distribution and related functions are reviewed in order to further explore the P2X receptor in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.

Key words: 
ATP; P2X receptor; Enteric nervous system
REACTIONS OF INDOLE-2,3-DIONES WITH 3-AMINOPROPANOL (2003)

(2003). REACTIONS OF INDOLE-2,3-DIONES WITH 3-AMINOPROPANOL. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 433-438.
Regulation FD ‐ What the SEC’s recent enforcement actions teach about avoiding liability (2003)

Recent SEC actions, including its first settlement of an enforcement case, provide specific guidance and some surprising points of emphasis concerning the implementation of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure). Although there is nothing inherently unlawful about one‐on‐one meetings with securities analysts or institutional investors, the SEC’s actions demonstrate the risks associated with one‐on‐one meetings, particularly with sell‐side analysts for public companies and potentially for the analysts themselves. Executives and analysts alike could benefit from consulting with counsel about the best ways to perform the valuable function of discussing a company’s business without violating Regulation FD. Several measures should be considered, including, among others, a review of prior filings, education about what types of information is normally considered material, and a predetermined view about areas that will be “out of bounds” to questions.
Kinetics and mechanism of human leukocyte elastase inactivation by ynenol lactones (1987)

Human leukocyte elastase (HLE), a serine protease involved in inflammation and tissue degradation, can be irreversibly inactivated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by ynenol lactones. Ynenol lactones that are alpha-unsubstituted do not inactivate but are alternate substrate inhibitors that are hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Ynenol lactones that are both substituted alpha to to the lactone carbonyl and unsubstituted at the acetylene terminus are rapid inactivators of HLE and inactivate pancreatic elastase and trypsin more slowly. 3-Benzyl-5(E)-(prop-2-ynylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone inactivates HLE with biphasic kinetics and an apparent second-order rate of up to 22,000 M-1 s-1 (pH 7.8, 25 degrees C). The rate of inactivation is pH-dependent and is slowed by a competitive inhibitor. The partition ratio is 1.6 +/- 0.1. Rapid removal of ynenol lactone during the course of inactivation yields a mixture of acyl and inactivated enzyme species, which then shows a partial recovery of activity that is time- and pH-dependent. Inactivation is not reversible with hydroxylamine. The enzyme is not inactivated if the untethered allenone is added exogenously. All of these results are consistent with a mechanism involving enzyme acylation at serine-195 by the ynenol lactone, isomerization of the acyl enzyme to give a tethered allenone, and capture of a nucleophile (probably histidine-57) to inactivate the enzyme. Substitution at the acetylene terminus of ynenol lactones severely reduces their ability to inactivate HLE, because allenone formation is slowed and/or nucleophile capture is hindered. Chemical competence of each of these steps has been demonstrated [Spencer, R.W., Tam, T.F., Thomas, E.M., Robinson, V.J.,& Krantz, A. (1986) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 5589-5597].
Current density in bilateral and unilateral ECT. (1976)

This paper describes a method of computer simulation which will enable the researcher to test, on the theoretical level, the effects of a wide variety of electrode placements, currents, tissue resistivities, and volumetric differences on the distribution of current within the brain. It is based on a nonhomogenous, threesphere model of the head and is capable of expansion to account for known inhomogenities within the brain. It should prove a useful research tool for a wide variety of purposes.
Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions: Novel Vehicles for Whitening Cosmeceuticals (2009)

For Asian women, white skin is preferable. During the last decade, skin whitening products appear to be the largest and continually growing segment in skin-care market in Asia and have an impaction of economic worth. Skin whitening or lightening agents are as cosmetics which act as a drug-like benefit since melanin producing process of the skin is disturbed and can be classified as cosmeceuticals. To increase efficiency, novel vehicles are necessary for skin penetration enhancement of these agents. Microemulsions and nanoemulsions are one of useful nanocarriers for skin application in view of achieving efficiency of the active substances. Moreover, they can be formulated with ease for active ingredient incorporation, high stability and good appearance. In this review article, applications of well-known whitening or lightening agents were summarized. In addition, the use of microemulsions and nanoemulsions as novel vehicles for whitening products were discussed.
Alias verification for Fortran code optimization (2002)

Alias analysis for Fortran is less complicated than for programming languages with pointers but many real Fortran programs violate the standard: a formal parameter or a common variable that is aliased with another formal parameter is modified. Compilers, assuming standard-conforming programs, consider that an assignment to one variable will not change the value of any other variable, allowing optimizations involving the aliased variables. Higher performance results but anything may happen: the program may appear to run normally, or may produce incorrect answers, or may behave unpredictably. The results may depend on the compiler and the optimization level. To guarantee the standard conformance of programs and to maintain the referential transparency in order to make program analyses exact and program optimizations safe, precise alias information retrieval at a reasonable cost, especially the determination of overlaps between arrays are studied in this paper. Static analyses and code instrumentation are used to find all violations of the prohibitions against aliasing in Fortran code. Alias violation tests are inserted only at places where it cannot be proved statically that they are useless in order to reduce the number of dynamic checks at run-time. A specific memory location naming technique is used to compact representation and enhance the precision of alias analysis. Modifications on the dependence graph created by aliasing are also studied to show the impact of aliases on some program optimizing transformations. Experimental results on SPEC95 benchmark are presented and some related issues are also discussed.
SARA: A cognitive process model to simulate the anchoring effect and hindsight bias (2003)

The cognitive process model "SARA" aims to explain the anchoring effect and hindsight bias by making detailed assumptions about the representation and alteration of item-specific knowledge. The model assumes that all processes, namely generating an estimate, encoding new information (i.e., the "anchor"), and reconstructing a previously generated estimate, are based on a probabilistic sampling process. Sampling probes long-term memory in order to retrieve information into working memory. Retrieval depends on the associative strength between this information and the currently active retrieval cues. Encoding the anchor may alter this associative pattern ("selective activation") or the anchor may serve as a retrieval cue, thus directing memory search ("biased reconstruction"). Both processes lead to systematically changed retrieval probabilities, thus causing the anchoring effect or hindsight bias. The model is completely formalised and implemented as a computer program. A series of simulations demonstrates the power of SARA to reproduce empirical findings and to predict new ones.
Epidemiology of NSAID induced gastrointestinal complications. (1999)

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) are one of the most commonly used classes of medications worldwide. It is estimated that more than 30 million people take NSAID daily. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications related to NSAID therapy are the most prevalent category of adverse drug reactions. Patients with arthritis are among the most frequent users of NSAID and are therefore particularly at risk for these side effects. To evaluate the nature of NSAID-related GI complications and to determine how their frequency can be reduced, a series of studies of such complications in patients with rheumatic disease have been carried out based on data from the Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System (ARAMIS). This report briefly reviews the literature and presents recent findings from the ARAMIS studies, which provide an update on published information. It addresses whether GI side effects such as dyspepsia can serve as warning symptoms for life-threatening GI complications and describes the risk factors for these events. It also summarizes a study that investigated whether H2-receptor antagonists and antacids affect the development of serious GI complications. In addition, ongoing research and topics to be addressed in future studies are described.