gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell and molecular analysis of the developing and adult mouse subventricular zone of the cerebral hemispheres (1995)

The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle remains mitotically active in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have suggested that this region may contain neuronal precursors (neural stem cells) in adult rodents. A variety of neuronal and glial markers as well as three extracellular matrix (ECM) markers were examined with the hope of understanding factors that may affect the growth and migration of neurons from this region throughout development and in the adult. This study has characterized the subventricular zone of late embryonic, postnatal, and adult mice using several neuronal markers [TuJ1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), neuron-specific enolase (NSE)], glial markers [RC-2, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), galactocerebroside (Gal-C)], ECM markers [tenascin-C (TN-C), chondroitin sulfate, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan termed dermatan sulfate-dependent proteoglycan-1 (DSD-1-PG)], stem-cell marker (nestin), and proliferation-specific marker [bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)]. TuJ1+ and nestin+ cells (neurons and stem cells, respectively) persist in the region into adulthood, although the numbers of these cells become more sparse as the animal develops, and they appear to be immature compared to the cells in surrounding forebrain structures (e.g., not expressing NSE and having few, if any, processes). Likewise, NADPH-d+ cells are found in and around the SVZ during early postnatal development but become more sparse in the proliferative zone through maturity, and, by adulthood, only a few labeled cells can be found at the border between the SVZ and surrounding forebrain structures (e.g., the striatum), and even smaller numbers of positive cells can be found within the adult SVZ proper. BrdU labeling also seems to decrease significantly after the first postnatal week, but it still persists in the SVZ of adult animals. The disappearance of RC-2+ (radial) glia during postnatal development and the persistence of glial-derived ECM molecules such as tenascin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (as well as other "boundary" molecules) in the adult SVZ may be associated with a persistence of immaturity, cell death, and a lack of cell emigration from the SVZ in the adult.
Role of the transgenic human thyrotropin receptor A-subunit in thyroiditis induced by A-subunit immunization and regulatory T cell depletion (2008)

Transgenic BALB/c mice that express intrathyroidal human thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) A-subunit, unlike wild-type (WT) littermates, develop thyroid lymphocytic infiltration and spreading to other thyroid autoantigens after T regulatory cell (T(reg)) depletion and immunization with human thyrotropin receptor (hTSHR) adenovirus. To determine if this process involves intramolecular epitope spreading, we studied antibody and T cell recognition of TSHR ectodomain peptides (A-Z). In transgenic and WT mice, regardless of T(reg) depletion, TSHR antibodies bound predominantly to N-terminal peptide A and much less to a few downstream peptides. After T(reg) depletion, splenocytes from WT mice responded to peptides C, D and J (all in the A-subunit), but transgenic splenocytes recognized only peptide D. Because CD4(+) T cells are critical for thyroid lymphocytic infiltration, amino acid sequences of these peptides were examined for in silico binding to BALB/c major histocompatibility complex class II (IA-d). High affinity subsequences (inhibitory concentration of 50% < 50 nm) are present in peptides C and D (not J) of the hTSHR and mouse TSHR equivalents. These data probably explain why transgenic splenocytes do not recognize peptide J. Mouse TSHR mRNA levels are comparable in transgenic and WT thyroids, but only transgenics have human A-subunit mRNA. Transgenic mice can present mouse TSHR and human A-subunit-derived peptides. However, WT mice can present only mouse TSHR, and two to four amino acid species differences may preclude recognition by CD4+ T cells activated by hTSHR-adenovirus. Overall, thyroid lymphocytic infiltration in the transgenic mice is unrelated to epitopic spreading but involves human A-subunit peptides for recognition by T cells activated using the hTSHR.
Selective Conversion of Enol Ethers into Alcohols in the Presence of Alkenes Using Hg(OAc)2-NaBH4 (1999)

Alkyl enol ethers derived from aldehydes undergo selective oxymercuration-demercuration with aqueous Hg(OAc)2-NaBH4 in the presence of an alkene in good to excellent yield. This method allows the survival of mono-, trans and cis di-, and tri-substituted alkenes as well as cyclic alkenes.
HLA-A, -B, and -DR Zero-Mismatched Kidneys Shipped to the University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1993–2006: Superior Graft Survival Despite Longer Preservation Time (2010)

The recent change in United Network for Organ Sharing policy restricting mandated sharing of 0MM kidneys to sensitized and pediatric recipients will give greater flexibility to the local organ procurement organization in allocating organs. However, the survival benefit to nonsensitized patients is real and long lasting and will be lost.
Driver hand localization and grasp analysis: A vision-based real-time approach (2016)

Extracting hand regions and their grasp information from images robustly in real-time is critical for occupants' safety and in-vehicular infotainment applications. It must however, be noted that naturalistic driving scenes suffer from rapidly changing illumination and occlusion. This is aggravated by the fact that hands are highly deformable objects, and change in appearance frequently. This work addresses the task of accurately localizing driver hands and classifying the grasp state of each hand. We use a fast ConvNet to first detect likely hand regions. Next, a pixel-based skin classifier that takes into account the global illumination changes is used to refine the hand detections and remove false positives. This step generates a pixel-level mask for each hand. Finally, we study each such masked regions and detect if the driver is grasping the wheel, or in some cases a mobile phone. Through evaluation we demonstrate that our method can outperform state-of-the-art pixel based hand detectors, while running faster (at 35 fps) than other deep ConvNet based frameworks even for grasp analysis. Hand mask cues are shown to be crucial when analyzing a set of driver hand gestures (wheel/mobile phone grasp and no-grasp) in naturalistic driving settings. The proposed detection and localization pipeline hence can act as a general framework for real-time hand detection and gesture classification.
Physiological functions of protein kinase inhibitors (2000)

Protein kinases are key regulatory enzymes involved in a multitude of biochemical pathways. This chapter will describe the current research on targeting specific protein kinases with inhibitors in attempts to disrupt flux through specific pathways. Targeting specific kinases presents a distinct challenge as there are hundreds of individual kinase enzymes that use ATP as a substrate to phosphorylate specific target molecules. The challenge clearly lies in obtaining specificity for a given kinase, thus allowing inhibition or activation of a specific pathway. This chapter will focus on two areas of kinase inhibitors, those that target the MAP kinase pathway and those directed against the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) related kinase family. The cellular and physiological effects of inhibition of the various pathways controlled by these kinases will be reviewed.
The Effect of Estriol Succinate upon Healing of Duodenal Ulcer: a Controlled Study (1969)

The effect of estriol-16, 17-dihemisuccinate, an estrogen without significant feminizing side-effects, on the healing of duodenal ulcer was studied, using a double-blind method. Of 43 patients 18 received 10 mg of the drug daily and 25 received placebo tablets during 2 months. There was no statistical difference in the disappearance of subjective complaints. However, roentgenologically improvement of the ulcer was noted in 13 out of 16 treated and in 12 out of 25 controls, the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.01-0.02).
Observation of valence-band structure in the<i>LVV</i>Auger spectra of thin epitaxial sodium layers (1994)

Electron-impact-induced Auger spectra at energies below 30 eV were measured from epitaxial sodium films on Cu(001) from a submonolayer up to several layers and assigned to sodium LVV transitions. According to well established deconvolution and background-correction techniques, the line shape of the Na ${\mathit{L}}_{2/3}$VV transition could be used to determine the sodium valence-band density of states. In agreement with photoemission investigations of the Na density of states, our results also suggest a strong narrowing of the valence band with respect to the calculated density of states for a nearly-free-electron metal. Since CVV Auger transitions cannot occur in isolated alkali-metal atoms due to the lack of a second valence s-shell electron, the onset of the Na LVV signal during the growth of the first monolayer unambiguously marks the first stage of an alkali s-level-derived valence-band-like state. Thus, the present model study of Na/Cu(001) demonstrates that CVV Auger spectroscopy can be used as a powerful method to investigate the intriguing electronic behavior during alkali-metal adsorption.
[Development of pulmonary hypertension and multi-valvular damage caused by appetite depressants]. (1998)

Marked obesity is an independent risk factor for multi-system morbidity. The use of anorectic drugs is an aggressive strategy for weight reduction. It appears to be an easy way of dealing with the problem, because the patient needn't change his behavior. However, such treatment is not harmless. At the end of the 60's an outbreak of pulmonary hypertension was associated with the drug aminorex, and it was soon withdrawn from the market. 30 years later it became clear that new-generation anorectic drugs (fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentermine), which were being used world-wide, lead to both pulmonary hypertension and valvular damage. We describe a woman of 70 with both these complications which developed after prolonged anorectic therapy with a fenfluramine-phentermine combination.
A minimum variance asynchronous Detection Error Trade-off performance analysis for multi-class detection problems (2010)

In a detection problem, the trade-off between the miss and false alarm probabilities are often shown as a Detection Error Trade-off (DET) curve. The DET curve is obtained by adjusting a decision threshold to vary the compromise between these probabilities. For a multi-class detection problem, each class has its own decision threshold, which leads to a multivariate detection error trade-off. In order to plot a DET curve, the decision thresholds are constrained to a single degree of freedom. Typically, they are synchronously constrained to use the same values. In this paper, a minimum variance DET analysis is proposed where the decision thresholds are asynchronously constrained such that the variances of the miss and false alarm probabilities are minimised. If the scores are normally distributed, the decision thresholds can be approximated as a linear univariate function and the resulting DET curve is also a straight line. In more general cases where the scores are not normally distributed, piecewise linear functions can be estimated iteratively, instead. The minimum variance asynchronous DET analysis is applied to a phone verification task on TIMIT database.
[Acute aortic dissection. Prognostic factors, therapeutic indications. 137 cases (author's transl)]. (1979)

137 patients (92 men and 45 women) with an average age of 58 years (range: 19 to 90 years) were hospitalised between January 1970 and June 1977 for acute aortic dissection. In 107 patients (and in 91 cases during the first 24 hours of hospitalisation) aortography was performed. This examination was found to be greatly reliable when its findings were compared with those at surgical exploration. In the absence of surgical treatment, 69 patients died and 5 survived. Amongst the patients undergoing surgery, 37 died and 27 survived. With the exception of type III dissections, survival appeared to be markedly increased by surgical treatment. Preoperative factors indicative of a poor prognosis included a neurological deficit of central origin, oligoanuria, raised blood urea, disseminated intravascular coagulation and dissection of the superior mesenteric artery or the coeliac trunk.
The Haas Effect - Lateral extent and perceptual weighting of localization cues (2013)

The Haas effect is a well-known manifestation of the precedence effect. Originally Haas measured the echo threshold as a function of the primary auditory event and its single reflection equally loud. What is not well known is the lateral extent of the Haas effect in the localization dominance region of the precedence effect, as this was not the focus of Haas' experiments. We investigate how robust the Haas effect is in the localization dominance region, adjusting the level difference between lead and lag, using 200 ms band-passed noise presented dichotically over headphones. In addition, the onset and offset cues are removed for half the trials and left intact for the other half to investigate the roles of onset and offset cues versus ongoing. Lateral displacement of the auditory event is recorded with an acoustic pointer. Analysis of these results will help reveal the perceptual weighting of localization cues and the lateral extent of the Haas effect.
Performance of selection diversity for a DS CDMA system with synchronization errors (2002)

Direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS CDMA), which was primarily used in military communications until the late 80s, has been the center of attention in cellular radio communications. An efficient series that is used to calculate the probability of error for a BPSK modulated DS CDMA system with chip timing and carrier phase errors in a slowly fading, multipath channel is derived. The receiver is assumed to be a coherent RAKE receiver that employs selection diversity. The error probability derivations require the characteristic functions of the intersymbol interference and the multiple access interference and these functions have been expressed in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function. The series is then used to assess the reduction in the system capacity due to different levels of synchronization errors. Systems of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz and 10 MHz bandwidths are considered for different number of diversity branches.
Correlation of crystalline and structural properties of C60 thin films grown at various temperature with charge carrier mobility (2007)

Transistors fabricated from C60 films grown by hot wall epitaxy at higher substrate temperature, showed an order of magnitude increased charge carrier mobility up to 6cm2∕Vs. In this letter, the authors present an extensive study of morphology and crystallinity of the fullerene films using atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction. A clear correlation of crystalline quality of the C60 film and charge carrier mobility was found. A higher substrate temperature leads to a single crystal-like faceted fullerene crystals. The high crystalline quality solely brings a drastic improvement in the charge carrier mobility. A gate voltage independent mobility is also observed in these devices which can be attributed to the highly conjugated nature of the C60 thin film.
Retroviral gene transfer induced constitutive expression of interleukin- 2 or interferon-gamma in irradiated human melanoma cells (1992)

Cytokines are important modulators of host antitumor responses. Two of these cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), are produced after antigen-induced activation of helper lymphocytes. The cytokines are released into the immediate vicinity where they either interact with the appropriate receptors on effector cell populations or are rapidly degraded. To mimic this physiologic release of cytokines at the effector-target site, we used retroviral vectors to transduce melanoma cells with the IL-2 or IFN-gamma cDNA. Five melanoma cell lines were transduced with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-containing vectors and secreted IL-2 at 1 to 40 U/mL/10(6) cells/24 h or IFN-gamma 1 to 8 U/mL/10(6) cells/24 h, respectively. After gamma irradiation, these cells continued to secrete cytokines for about 3 to 4 weeks. Secretion of IFN-gamma induced upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in a subset of melanoma cell lines. IL-2 production by human melanoma xenografts induced tumor rejection in BALB/c nu/nu mice, showing the in vivo effect of this cytokine. This study shows that (1) human melanoma cells can be stably transduced with cytokine- containing retroviral vectors; (2) cytokines are secreted constitutively by the transduced tumor cells and have the expected biologic effects in vitro and in vivo; and (3) after gamma irradiation, cytokines continue to be secreted for several weeks. These data suggest that irradiated cytokine-secreting allogenic or autologous tumor cells can be used in vaccination protocols for cancer patients.
Experimental measurements of the scatter reduction obtained in mammography with a scanning multiple slit assembly (1981)

A nonconventional and sensitive method of measuring scatter is described. The method was employed to quantitate the scatter imaged in mammography with a conventional unit, a unit equipped with a grid, and a unit equipped with a scanning multiple slit assembly (SMSA). The results indicate that the grid technique significantly reduces the scatter imaged, while the SMSA virtually eliminates it. The resultant increase in large area contrast is readily apparent on radiographs with greater improvement obtained with the SMSA than with the grid. The effect of the increase in contrast on small detail visibility was assessed with a phantom having simulated fibrils and calcifications. Significantly more fibril and calcification detail was visible with the grid and SMSA technique than with the conventional technique. The detail visible with the grid and SMSA technique was comparable, and the lack of better performance by the SMSA unit is attributed to its poorer MTF.
Differential Modulation of Specific Gene Expression Following High- and Low-LET Radiations (1990)

Experiments were designed to examine the effects of radiation quality on specific gene expression within the first 3 h following radiation exposure in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Preliminary work demonstrated the induction of c-fos and alpha-interferon genes following exposure to low-linear-energy-transfer (low-LET) radiations (X rays or gamma rays). More detailed experiments revealed induction of c-fos mRNA within the first 3 h following exposure to either X rays (75 cGy) or gamma rays (90 cGy). We could not detect induction of c-fos following exposure of SHE cells to fission-spectrum neutrons (high-LET) from the JANUS reactor administered at either high (12 cGy/min) or low (0.5 cGy/min) dose rates. Expression of alpha-interferon mRNA was similarly induced by low-LET radiations but only modestly by JANUS neutrons. The induction by gamma rays was dose-dependent, while induction by neutrons was specific for low doses and low dose rates. These experiments demonstrate the differential gene inductive response of cells following exposure to high- and low-LET radiations. These experiments suggest that these different qualities of ionizing radiation may have different mechanisms for inducing many of the cellular consequences of radiation exposure, such as cell survival and cell transformation.
Fluid Dynamics of Condensed Droplets on Microscale Hybrid Surfaces (2013)

Photo Gallery Fluid Dynamics of Condensed Droplets on Microscale Hybrid Surfaces Yao Chun-Wei, Yao Chun-Wei Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Garvin Tim P., Garvin Tim P. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Alvarado Jorge L., Alvarado Jorge L. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Marsh Charles P., Marsh Charles P. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Garrett David Garrett David Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. Heat Transfer. Aug 2013, 135(8): 080905 (1 pages) Paper No: HT-13-1131 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024187 Published Online: July 18, 2013 Article history Received: March 12, 2013 Revision Received: March 12, 2013
Who's Teaching Chemical Literature Courses These Days? (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWho's Teaching Chemical Literature Courses These Days?Dean F. Martin and Dennis E. RobisonCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1969, 9, 2, 95–99Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/c160033a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (489 KB) Get e-Alerts
A 5,000 hour xenon hollow cathode life test (1991)

A cathode life test voluntary terminated after 5024 hours of operation at 25 A is reported. The cathode including a 6.35-mm diameter by 57.12-mm long molybdenum tube with a nominal wall thickness of 0.38 mm is described along with a test facility and start-up procedure. It is shown that over the time of the experiment, the cathode-orifice diameter eroded from 1.80 mm to 2.08 mm, which corresponds to a ratio of the emission current to the orifice diameter at the end of the test of 12.0 A/mm. Tungsten deposits on the interior surface of the insert are detected in post-test analyses, and complete depletion of the original impregnate is suggested by X-ray diffraction analyses. A cathode-jet phenomenon in which energetic ions are produced during hollow-cathode operation at emission currents above 20 A is confirmed.