gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ferrochelatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence, disruption, and expression of its structural gene HEM15. (1990)

The HEM15 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1, protoheme ferrolyase), a mitochondrial inner membrane-bound enzyme which catalyzes the insertion of ferrous ion into protoporphyrin IX, the last step in protoheme biosynthesis. The gene was isolated by functional complementation of a hem15 mutant. Sequence analysis of a 2.9-kilobase genomic DNA fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1179 nucleotides, plus a gene coding for a tRNA(Val)(GUU) and delta elements downstream from the 3'-end of HEM15. The open reading frame encodes a precursor form of the protein containing a 31-amino acid presequence. The mature enzyme contains 362 amino acid residues; its calculated molecular weight (40,900) and predicted amino-terminal sequence agree with those determined from the purified protein. It is relatively abundant in lysine (9%) and contains no apparent transmembrane segment. Disruption of the HEM15 gene led to non-viable cells in certain genetic background. Northern (RNA) analysis showed a slight (1.5-2-fold) repression of HEM15 expression by glucose.
Acanthamoeba profilin interacts with G-actin to increase the rate of exchange of actin-bound adenosine 5'-triphosphate (1980)

A sevenfold molar excess of Acanthamoeba profilin, a 12 000-dalton protein that inhibits actin polymerization, increases the rate of exchange of ATP bound to G-actin with ATP in solution about 17-fold, i.e., from 7.7 x 10(-4) to 1.3 x 10(-2) S-1, at 25 degrees C, 0.033 mM Ca2+, and 0.1 mM ATP, pH 7.5. Detailed analysis of the equilibrium isotope-exchange data shows that profilin and actin form a 1:1 complex with KD = 4.7 x 10(-5) M and that the binding of profilin to actin is rapid and reversible. The actin-profilin complex binds 1 mol of ATP/mol, as does G-actin. Profilin does not interact with ATP or Ca2+.
Low loss SAW filters utilizing the natural single phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) (2002)

The authors report on new parameters and a new crystal orientation for natural single-phase unidirectional transducers (NSPUDTs). The acoustic wave velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient, static capacitance, and reflection coefficient due to both electrical and mechanical perturbations are calculated and measured for two NSPUDT orientations. As an application of the results, a filter was developed on a new NSPUDT orientation on LiTaO/sub 3/ wafers. The coupling of modes (COM) model was used as a tool in the analysis and design of the NSPUDT filter. Experimental results are given to verify the NSPUDT parameters and the COM modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantifying the utility of taking pills for preventing adverse health outcomes: a cross-sectional survey (2015)

The utility value of taking pills daily in order to prevent an adverse CVD health outcome is approximately 0.997.
Heterogeneous Reactions of Glyoxal on Particulate Matter:  Identification of Acetals and Sulfate Esters (2005)

Reactive uptake of glyoxal onto particulate matter has been studied in laboratory experiments in a 2 m3 Teflon reaction chamber. Inorganic seed particles of different composition were utilized, including (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4/ H2SO4, NaNO3, and simulated sea salt, while the relative humidity and acid concentration were varied. The organic composition of the growing particles was measured in situ with an aerosol mass spectrometer, providing particle mass spectra as a means of product identification. Aerosol physical characteristics were also measured with a differential mobility analyzer and condensation nucleus counter. Regardless of seed composition, particle growth was rapid and continuous over the course of several hours. Identification of several mass fragments greater than the glyoxal monomer suggested that heterogeneous reactionsto form glyoxal adducts of lowvolatility had occurred. Temporal analysis of the mass fragments was consistent with a proposed acid-catalyzed mechanism whereby glyoxal is first hydrated, followed by self-reaction to form cyclic acetal structures. Increased relative humidity slowed the formation of higher order oligomers, also consistent with the proposed mechanism. The relative contribution of various oligomers to the overall organic composition was strongly dependent on the relative humidity and hence the particulate water concentration. A mild acid catalysis was also observed upon increasing the acidity of the seed particles. Specific mass fragments were found that could only arise from sulfate esters and were not present on the non-sulfur-containing seed particles. This first evidence of the formation of organic sulfates in particles is presented together with a proposed mechanism and molecular structure. These results suggest that the formation of these products of glyoxal uptake can contribute significantly to secondary organic aerosol.
Adaptive Control of Automotive Transmissions (1990)

Production clutch-to-clutch automatic transmissions contain a number of subcomponents difficult to characterize from a traditional modeling stance. Variation inherent to both manufacturing processes and anticipated wear increase the bounds over which a parameter may be expected to range. The most critical of these is observed to be the value associated with the coefficient of friction of the clutch surfaces. Formulated from Lyapunov stability requirements, three adaptive algorithms are proposed to compensate for these variations. The first, a direct adaptive approach, bases parameter behavior on a sliding control law. The second technique incorporates an indirect least squares estimator term into the direct law, forming a composite adaptive result. The third extends the composite principle from the inertia to the torque phases of the shift. It is shown that identification of the friction parameters will occur with eihter of the techniques, and that the rate of convergence and the stability of the parameter improves with the increasing complexity of the technique applied.
Effect of solid waste materials on properties of magnesium matrix composites - A systematic review (2022)

The need for light and high specific strength materials in many fields such as automotive and aerospace is increasing day by day. Magnesium (Mg)-based materials have become attractive for many industries thanks to their high specific strength, good vibration damping ability, and recyclability. However, Mg's low strength and wear resistance are important barriers limiting its industrial use. Researchers are developing Mg matrix composites using various reinforcements and expanding the use of Mg-based materials. The conventional reinforcements are Al2O3, SiC, B4C, TiB2, CNT, and GNPs for the production of Mg matrix composites. Researchers have been trying to reduce the cost of Mg matrix composites in recent years by using cheaper and environmentally friendly reinforcements. These reinforcements are solid wastes such as eggshell, fly ash, red mud, and waste glass, and their use in composite systems is becoming more common day by day. This review focuses on the Mg matrix composites reinforced with solid waste particles and the changes in wear, mechanical, corrosion, and thermal properties with the addition of these reinforcements.
The Reasons for Forming Companies (1998)

‘The limited liability corporation is the greatest single discovery of modern times. Even steam and electricity are less important than the limited liability company,’ said Professor N. M. Butler, President of Columbia University (quoted by A. L. Diamond in Orhnial (ed.), Limited Liability and the Corporation (Law Society of Canada, 1982) p. 42; see also Len Sealy, Company Law and Commercial Reality (Sweet & Maxwell, 1984) p. 1)
An introduction to UWB communication systems (2009)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication is a revolutionary technology for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a wide frequency spectrum using short-pulse, low powered radio signals. UWB commonly refers to a signal or system that either has a large relative bandwidth (BW) that exceeds 20% or a large absolute bandwidth of more than 500 MHz. A 14 February 2002 report and order by the federal communications commission (FCC) authorizes the unlicensed use of UWB in 3.1--10.6 GHz. This is intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling both high data rate personal area network (PAN) wireless connectivity and longer-range, low data rate applications as well as radar and imaging systems.
An improved channel estimation scheme for OFDM systems by tracking the subspace (2004)

Channel parameters in OFDM systems over fading channels are generally obtained by transmitting pilot symbols in given positions of the time-frequency grid. The pilot-based method usually involves the LS estimation step on the pilot subcarriers and the interpolation step over the entire time-frequency grid. Increasing the accuracy of the pilot estimation will accordingly increase the precision in the interpolation step. This can be achieved by subspace tracking method. We propose in this paper an improved subspace-tracking algorithm by the Givens plane rotation based delay-subspace tracking and the RLS filtering based amplitude tracking. Performed on a parameterized model of the channel, simulations prove that our channel estimation is more robust and accurate while the complexity of the algorithm is low.
A Taste of Algal Genomes from the Joint Genome Institute (2012)

Algae play profound roles in aquatic food chains and the carbon cycle, can impose health and economic costs through toxic blooms, provide models for the study of symbiosis, photosynthesis, and eukaryotic evolution, and are candidate sources for bio-fuels; all of these research areas are part of the mission of DOE's Joint Genome Institute (JGI). To date JGI has sequenced, assembled, annotated, and released to the public the genomes of 18 species and strains of algae, sampling almost all of the major clades of photosynthetic eukaryotes. With more algal genomes currently undergoing analysis, JGI continues its commitment to driving forward basic and applied algal science. Among these ongoing projects are the pan-genome of the dominant coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, the interrelationships between the 4 genomes in the nucleomorph-containing Bigelowiella natans and Guillardia theta, and the search for symbiosis genes of lichens.
Subsampling for efficient and effective unsupervised outlier detection ensembles (2013)

Outlier detection and ensemble learning are well established research directions in data mining yet the application of ensemble techniques to outlier detection has been rarely studied. Here, we propose and study subsampling as a technique to induce diversity among individual outlier detectors. We show analytically and experimentally that an outlier detector based on a subsample per se, besides inducing diversity, can, under certain conditions, already improve upon the results of the same outlier detector on the complete dataset. Building an ensemble on top of several subsamples is further improving the results. While in the literature so far the intuition that ensembles improve over single outlier detectors has just been transferred from the classification literature, here we also justify analytically why ensembles are also expected to work in the unsupervised area of outlier detection. As a side effect, running an ensemble of several outlier detectors on subsamples of the dataset is more efficient than ensembles based on other means of introducing diversity and, depending on the sample rate and the size of the ensemble, can be even more efficient than just the single outlier detector on the complete data.
Continuous Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurement by Near Infra Red CCD Camera and Pulse Transmit Time Systems (2010)

The need of continuous blood pressure measurement is usable in wide spectrum of applications from physicians practice to home care applications. Many types of blood pressure measurement devices can be bought in electronics shops. All such devices are contact measurement devices which need to be in contact of human body (hand or foot mainly). Secondary they allow only one measurement per several minutes interval (typically ones in 10 minutes). Our goal is to develop a small device for noninvasive continuous measurement of blood pressure. This device must be a small battery powered embedded system which measure a blood pressure during a long time period and send this information remotely to operator's stations. We would like to try two systems of blood pressure monitoring. The first one is system with NIR CCD camera (Near Infra Red), which measure the wide changes of the blood vessels and the second one is system, which measure the pulse transmit time (PTT). At the end we can compare the systems and get information, which system will be a right way to obtain exact continuous blood pressure information.
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2004 summary. (2006)

During 2004, an estimated 910.9 million visits were made to physician offices in the United States, an overall rate of 315.9 visits per 100 persons. Overall, 58.9 percent of visits were to physicians in the specialties of general and family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynecology. In 2004, primary care specialists provided 87.2 percent of all preventive care visits. The percentage of visits relying on Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program increased by 36% between 2001 and 2004. Essential hypertension, malignant neoplasms, acute upper respiratory infection, and diabetes mellitus were the leading illness-related primary diagnoses. There were an estimated 105.3 million injury-related visits in 2004, or 36.5 visits per 100 persons. Diagnostic or screening services were ordered or provided at 85.9 percent of visits, and counseling, education, therapeutic, or preventative services were ordered or provided at 42.0 percent of visits. Medications were prescribed or provided at 64.2 percent of visits.
Neuroendocrine Aspects of Primary Endogenous Depression (1987)

To examine both predexamethasone and postdexamethasone cortisol measures in depression, we determined circadian serum cortisol patterns, cortisol responses to dexamethasone, and 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion before and after dexamethasone administration in 40 patients with primary, definite endogenous depression diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria and in 40 individually matched normal control subjects. Fifteen patients (38%) were dexamethasone nonsuppressors; they had significantly higher predexamethasone serum and urine cortisol measures than both their matched controls and the 25 suppressor patients. Both the predexamethasone and postdexamethasone cortisol measures were unimodally distributed across the patients and the controls. Circadian cortisol rhythms of similar magnitude occurred in both groups. The cortisol measures before and after dexamethasone administration were positively correlated to a similar degree in the patients and their controls, suggesting that predexamethasone hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hyperactivity and postdexamethasone cortisol nonsuppression are not independently determined in endogenous depression.
High Molecular Weight Polymers from Propylene and 1-Butene (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Molecular Weight Polymers from Propylene and 1-ButeneC. M. Fontana, R. J. Herold, E. J. Kinney, and R. C. MillerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 12, 2955–2962Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50516a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50516a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Distinct Mutational Behaviors Differentiate Short Tandem Repeats from Microsatellites in the Human Genome (2012)

A tandem repeat's (TR) propensity to mutate increases with repeat number, and can become very pronounced beyond a critical boundary, transforming it into a microsatellite (MS). However, a clear understanding of the mutational behavior of different TR classes and motifs and related mechanisms is lacking, as is a consensus on the existence of a boundary separating short TRs (STRs) from MSs. This hinders our understanding of MSs' mutational properties and their effective use as genetic markers. Using indel calls for 179 individuals from 1000 Genomes Pilot-1 Project, we determined polymorphism incidence for four major TR classes, and formalized its varying relationship with repeat number using segmented regression. We observed a biphasic regime with a transition from a faster to a slower exponential growth at 9, 5, 4, and 4 repeats for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide TRs, respectively. We used an in vitro mutagenesis assay to evaluate the contribution of strand slippage errors to mutability. STRs and MSs differ in their absolute polymorphism levels, but more importantly in their rates of mutability growth. Although strand slippage is a major factor driving mononucleotide polymorphism incidence, dinucleotide polymorphism incidence is greater than that expected due to strand slippage alone, indicating that additional cellular factors might be driving dinucleotide mutability in the human genome. Leveraging on hundreds of human genomes, we present the first comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of TR mutational behavior, encompassing several motif sizes and compositions.
Role of object identification in sonification system for visually impaired (2004)

The role of object identification in a sonification system for navigation assistance to the visually impaired (NAVI) is discussed. The developed system includes a single board processing system (SBPS), vision sensor mounted on headgear and stereo earphones. The vision sensor captures the vision information in front of the blind user. The captured image is processed to identify the object in the image. Object identification is achieved by a real time image processing methodology using fuzzy algorithms. The processed image is mapped onto stereo acoustic patterns and transferred to the stereo earphones in the system. Blind individuals were trained with NAVI system and tested for obstacle identification. Suggestions from the blind volunteers regarding the pleasantness and discrimination of the sound pattern were incorporated in the prototype. With object identification, the discrimination of object and background by sound is found to be easier compared to sound produced from the unprocessed image.
ESD Protection Circuit Design Concepts and Strategy (2002)

This chapter has sections titled: The Qualities of Good ESD Protection ESD Protection Design Methods Selecting an ESD Strategy Summary Bibliography
Economic Aspects of Memory Built-in Self-Repair (2007)

With the advent of deep-submicron technology and SoC design methodology, it's possible to integrate heterogeneous cores from different sources in a single chip containing millions of gates. The yield of such a large chip is usually too low to be profitable. Therefore, yield enhancement is an important issue in SoC product development. Memory cores usually occupy a large proportion of the area of a typical SoC, and they normally have higher circuit density, so they tend to dominate SoC yield. This article presents cost and benefit models to evaluate the economic effectiveness of typical memory BISR implementations. Experimental results with a simulator based on these cost models show that memory size impacts cost-effectiveness more than production volume does.
Boundary layer disturbances caused by periodic heating of a thin ribbon (1986)

Wind tunnel tests were conducted to generate velocity perturbations in a laminar boundary layer using periodic heating of a flush-mounted ribbon. A thin strip of Nichrome ribbon, flush-mounted on a flat plate, was heated by pulsed voltage of various frequencies with spring tension and used to take up the slack caused by thermal expansion. Vibration of the ribbon was excited by the periodic thermal expansion and contraction due to the pulsed voltage. Sinusiodal velocity fluctuations were detected by a hot wire anemometer when the ribbon was allowed to vibrate during pulsed heating. No effect on the amplitude of the flow disturbances was detected with the spring tension removed and segments of the ribbon firmly fixed to the surface such that no vibration of the ribbon occurred during periodic heating. Pulsed heating of a thin ribbon caused detectable flow disturbances only when the ribbon was allowed to vibrate. The AFIT 9-in wind tunnel had sufficiently low turbulence to detect fluctuations when pulsed voltage was applied to the ribbon. Experiments conducted in AFIT's 14-in wind tunnel were not able to show effects of heating because of the large amount of free-stream turbulence. (Theses)
Operation of a microchannel plate counting system in a mass spectrometer (1985)

A multiplier detector system has been developed as part of a mass spectrometer in an ion counting mode. During its operation ions striking a microchannel plate release pulses of electrons which are accelerated to a phosphor layer. The resulting flash of light is carried by a fiber-optic bundle to a photodiode array. The detector simultaneously counts ions throughout a mass spectrum covering more than 30 amu. It extends the mass spectrometer’s operation toward low count rates for trace gas analysis. Each mass peak can be independently measured at count rates between 0.1 and 1000 counts/s. Higher rates on a few peaks do not blind the entire detector. The detector’s capabilities have been demonstrated by measuring Kr and Xe isotopes in air at natural abundances. The mass spectrometer, detector, and readout electronics are sufficiently compact to permit use in a balloon-borne experiment.
Whole-genome sequencing to delineate Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreaks: a retrospective observational study (2012)

Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research, and the Health Protection Agency.