gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic Bacterial Finishing at JGI (2008)

Author(s): Lowry, Stephen; Clum, Alicia; Goltsman, Eugene; Martin, Hector Garcia; Hugenholtz, Phil; Lapidus, Alla
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of the Securinega Alkaloids (+)‐14,15‐Dihydronorsecurinine, (‐)‐Norsecurinine, and Phyllanthine. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improving Net Joint Torque Calculations Through a Two-Step Optimization Method for Estimating Body Segment Parameters (2008)

Two main sources of error in inverse dynamics based calculations of net joint torques are inaccuracies in segmental motions and estimates of anthropometric body segment parameters (BSPs). Methods for estimating BSP (i.e., segmental moment of inertia, mass, and center of mass location) have been previously proposed; however, these methods are limited due to low accuracies, cumbersome use, need for expensive medical equipment, and/or sensitivity of performance. This paper proposes a method for improving the accuracy of calculated net joint torques by optimizing for subject-specific BSP in the presence of characteristic and random errors in motion data measurements. A two-step optimization approach based on solving constrained nonlinear optimization problems was used. This approach minimized the differences between known ground reaction forces (GRFs), such as those measured by a force plate, and the GRF calculated via a top-down inverse dynamics approach. In step 1, a series of short calibration motions was used to compute first approximations of optimized segment motions and BSP for each motion. In step 2, refined optimal BSPs were derived from a combination of these motion profiles. We assessed the efficacy of this approach using a set of reference motions in which the true values for the BSP, segment motion, GRF, and net joint torques were known. To imitate real-world data, we introduced various noise conditions on the true motion and BSP data. We compared the root mean squared errors in calculated net joint torques relative to the true values due to the optimal BSP versus traditionally-derived BSP (from anthropometric tables derived from regression equations) and found that the optimized BSP reduced the error by 77%. These results suggest that errors in calculated net joint torques due to traditionally-derived BSP estimates could be reduced substantially using this optimization approach.
Purification and Properties of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dimucleotide Dehydrogenase from Photobacterium phosphoreum. (1992)

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3) of Photobacterium phosphoreum was solubilized from membrane vesicles with 2% sucrose monolaurate, and was purified almost to homogeneity by use of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel, hydroxylapatite, and Butyl-Toyopearl column chromatography in the presence of 0.5% sucrose monolaurate. About 100-fold purification was achieved, and the purified enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 49000, as determined by gel electorophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The NADH dehydrogenase contains about one mol flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a prosthetic group per mol enzyme, but does not contain acid labile sulfide or non-heme iron. This NADH dehydrogenase can use ubiquinone-1, menadione, potassium ferricyanide, and cytochrome c as electron acceptors. The enzyme barely catalyzes the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as an electron donor. The enzyme is not susceptive to rotenone, 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, capsaicin, or N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which were reported as inhibitors of NADH dh I. On the other hand, flavone, reported as an inhibitor of NADH dh II of yeast and plant mitochondria, does inhibit the NADH dehydrogenase activity. These results indicate that the NADH dehydrogenase of P. phosphoreum belongs to NADH dh II.The NADH oxidase activity of the membrane vesicles of P. phosphoreum is remarkably stimulated by monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+, but is inhibited by divalent or trivalent cations. The NADH dehydrogenase activities (especially NADH-ferricyanide and NADH-ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase) of the purified enzyme and membrane were also enhanced by Na+ and K+. However, the ubiquinol-1 oxidase activity of terminal oxidase complex (cytochrome bd complex) was not enhanced largely by the monovalent cations. These results suggest that in the respiratory chain of P. phosphoreum, NADH dehydrogenase contributes to the enhancement of electron transfer activity by monovalent cations.
Cellular mechanism of the modulation of contractile function by coronary perfusion pressure in ferret hearts. (1989)

1. Isovolumic left ventricular pressure was measured at various coronary arterial pressures in Langendorff-perfused ferret hearts. The concentrations of phosphorus-containing metabolites were measured using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), was measured with 19F NMR in a group of hearts that were loaded with the calcium indicator 5F-BAPTA. 2. Developed pressure increased when coronary arterial pressure was raised from the control value of 80 to 100-160 mmHg and decreased when coronary pressure was lowered to 40-70 mmHg. The changes were reversible. 3. Coronary flow varied directly with coronary pressure over the entire range from 40 to 160 mmHg. 4. The concentrations of phosphorus-containing metabolites and the efflux of lactate from the heart remained unchanged at coronary pressures of 60 mmHg or higher. Below 60 mmHg, intracellular pH decreased, while inorganic phosphate concentration and lactate efflux increased. 5. In contrast to the developed pressure during twitch contractions, maximal Ca2+-activated pressure remained constant at coronary pressures of 60-160 mmHg. Only below a coronary pressure of 60 mmHg did maximal Ca2+-activated pressure decline. 6. An increase in coronary pressure produced an increase in developed pressure even in hearts stretched to the peak of the Frank-Starling relation. 7. When coronary pressure was lowered from 80 to 60 mmHg, [Ca2+]i decreased during systole; the opposite effect was apparent when coronary pressure was raised from 80 to 120 mmHg. 8. We conclude that coronary perfusion (pressure or flow) modulates intracellular calcium and, consequently, contractile force. Ischaemia cannot fully explain this phenomenon, nor can changes in sarcomere length.
Meta-learning with Latent Space Clustering in Generative Adversarial\n Network for Speaker Diarization (2020)

The performance of most speaker diarization systems with x-vector embeddings\nis both vulnerable to noisy environments and lacks domain robustness. Earlier\nwork on speaker diarization using generative adversarial network (GAN) with an\nencoder network (ClusterGAN) to project input x-vectors into a latent space has\nshown promising performance on meeting data. In this paper, we extend the\nClusterGAN network to improve diarization robustness and enable rapid\ngeneralization across various challenging domains. To this end, we fetch the\npre-trained encoder from the ClusterGAN and fine-tune it by using prototypical\nloss (meta-ClusterGAN or MCGAN) under the meta-learning paradigm. Experiments\nare conducted on CALLHOME telephonic conversations, AMI meeting data, DIHARD II\n(dev set) which includes challenging multi-domain corpus, and two\nchild-clinician interaction corpora (ADOS, BOSCC) related to the autism\nspectrum disorder domain. Extensive analyses of the experimental data are done\nto investigate the effectiveness of the proposed ClusterGAN and MCGAN\nembeddings over x-vectors. The results show that the proposed embeddings with\nnormalized maximum eigengap spectral clustering (NME-SC) back-end consistently\noutperform Kaldi state-of-the-art z-vector diarization system. Finally, we\nemploy embedding fusion with x-vectors to provide further improvement in\ndiarization performance. We achieve a relative diarization error rate (DER)\nimprovement of 6.67% to 53.93% on the aforementioned datasets using the\nproposed fused embeddings over x-vectors. Besides, the MCGAN embeddings provide\nbetter performance in the number of speakers estimation and short speech\nsegment diarization as compared to x-vectors and ClusterGAN in telephonic data.\n
A Bipolar Vacuum Microelectronic Device (2011)

This report provides the first demonstration of a vacuum microelectronic device that utilizes both positive and negative charge states (i.e., a bipolar vacuum microelectronic device), thus enabling the possibility of device designs that are not previously possible in traditional vacuum microelectronics. In the same way that complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (complimentary n-channel MOS and p-channel MOS) were required in solid-state electronics before digital logic applications could be addressed, vacuum microelectronic devices benefit from a second charge state to realize many applications. This advance could enable integrated circuits for radiation-intensive environments (nuclear power facilities and space-based communications such as satellites) and high-temperature applications (engines and materials processing). A microelectromechanical systems platform was used to construct pentode structures with integrated carbon nanotube field emitters for electron emission and bias electrodes for separate electron- and ion-current modulation. Ions were generated via electron impact in an argon ambient, and devices were tested in both voltage sweep and pulsed modes. Current that is greater than 2 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was modulated at the anode between ion and electron collection, demonstrating that this novel platform has the potential to foster a new class of bipolar vacuum microelectronics.
Compounds with Urotropin Structure, XLVII. A New Syntheses of 1,2 ‐ and 2, 6‐Disubstituted Adamantanes (1970)

Abstract Kondensation des Pyrrolidin‐Enamins von Cyclohexanon‐( 4 )‐carbonsäure‐(1)‐äthylester ( 1 ) mit 2‐Brommethyl‐acrylsäureester liefert Adamantandion‐(2.6)‐carbonsäure‐(1)‐äthylester ( 2 ). Durch selective Reduktion der Carbonylgruppe in 6‐Stellung entsteht aus 2 Adamantanon ( 2 )carbonsäure‐(1)‐äthylester ( 7 ). 1‐Brom‐adamantandion‐(2.6) ( 8 ) ist durch Silbersalzabbau der aus 2 erhaltenen Säure 5 zugänglich. Aus der Bromverbindung ist durch Reduktion Adamantandion‐(2.6) ( 12 ) und durch Favorski ‐Reaktion Noradamantanon‐(4)‐carbonsäure‐(1) ( 10 ) erhältlich. Condensation of the pyrrolidine enamine of ethyl 4‐oxocyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate ( 1 ) with ethyl 2‐(bromomethyl) acrylate yielded ethyl 2.6‐dioxoadamantane‐1‐carboxylate ( 2 ). Selective reduction of the carbonyl group at the 6‐position in 2 leads to ethyl 2‐oxoadamantane‐1‐carboxylate ( 7 ). 1‐Bromo‐2.6‐dioxoadamantane ( 8 ) is accessible by silver salt degradation of the acid 5 obtained from 2 . The bromo compound is reduced to 2.6‐dioxoadamantane ( 12 ) and undergoes the favorski reaction to yield 4‐oxonoradamantane‐1‐carboxylic acid ( 10 ).
Microencapsulation by Spray Drying: Influence of Emulsion Size on the Retention of Volatile Compounds (2003)

ABSTRACT: The influence of the mean emulsion droplet size on flavor retention during spray drying was studied. d‐ Limonene, ethyl butyrate, and ethyl propionate were used as the model flavors. Gum arabic, soybean water‐soluble polysaccharides, or modified starch blended with maltodextrin, were used as the wall materials. The increasing emulsion droplet decreased the retention of flavors. The distribution curve containing larger emulsion droplets shifted toward a smaller size after atomization, indicating that the larger emulsion droplets would be changed in size during atomization and result in decreasing flavor retention. For ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate, the retention had a maximum at the mean emulsion diameter of 1.5 to 2 and 2.5 to 3.5 μm, respectively.
Oklahoma weather phenomena that may affect aviation (1987)

We report here the latest studies by the National Severe Storms Laboratory of interest to the aviation community. Of particular importance are turbulence produced by storms, low-altitude wind shear in storm outflows, and downdrafts and gust fronts. Storm turbulence has been studied extensively with the help of Doppler radar. Comparison of spatial spectra of longitudinal and transverse velocities has revealed that in severe storms the outer scale of turbulence is at least 2 km. Because of this and because measurements of spectrum widths at two different viewing angles agree, the width could prove a good indicator of storm turbulence that may affect aircraft. We report on the asymmetry of low-altitude divergent outflows produced by downbursts in Oklahoma. This has implications for the detection and quantification of these phenomena with pulsed Doppler radar. Gust front shears estimated by Doppler radar (at heights between 50-600 m) average 1.6 times the shear measured a few meters above the surface. Tall tower data show that both wind speed and wind shear increase in the lowest 90 m of the atmosphere. Thus, surface-based anemometers considerably underestimate wind shear just 100 m or so above the surface. Doppler radars located near airports may allow measurements at such low altitudes and resolve significant wind shears. Automatic methods to detect, track, and extrapolate shear produced by waves and gravity currents (downbursts) are being developed, and some results are shown.
A compact integrated visual motion sensor for its applications (2003)

We have developed a prototype of a compact integrated visual sensor which detects direction and velocity of motion on a focal plane in a wide brightness range in real time with a newly devised motion measurement method. The sensor is composed of a lens and a single-chip very large scale integration whose die size is 2 mm /spl times/ 2 mm that was fabricated with a 1.5-/spl mu/ standard CMOS process. The spatial resolution is 10 /spl times/ 2. As a result of performance evaluation of the prototype sensor, it was confirmed that the sensor can detect motion direction and velocity up to an on-chip image velocity of 100 mm/s in a response time of 10 /spl mu/s under an illuminance range between 100 and 100,000 lux. Furthermore, we have demonstrated effectiveness of the visual sensor by applying the sensor to running vehicle detection on a road and blind-corner monitoring at a road junction.
Methylation Reduces Electron Affinity of Uracil. Ab Initio Theoretical Study (1997)

Following the experimental characterization of the N,N-dimethylated uracil anion by Bowen and co-workers, we have undertaken an investigation of the influence of the methylation on the electron affinity of the uracil molecule. Both experiment and theory agree that, as it is in the case of the isolated uracil molecule, the methylated uracils can only attach excess electrons into diffuse dipole-bound states. The corresponding electron affinities are very small (several MeV). The bonding effect in the dipole-bound state depends on the magnitude of the molecular dipole and on the size of the molecule. Selective methylation of the uracil molecule can be used to reduce or increase the dipole value and to change the electron affinity of the molecule. The present calculated results are consistent with the experimental determination that N,N-dimethylation of uracil results in reduction of the electron affinity.
Pulseq: A rapid and hardware-independent pulse sequence prototyping framework (2016)

A high-level, flexible and hardware-independent approach to sequence programming is ideal for the rapid development of new sequences. The framework is currently not suitable for large patient studies or routine scanning although this would be possible with deeper integration into existing workflows. Magn Reson Med 77:1544-1552, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Passive imaging with cross correlations in a discrete random medium (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to study the potential and limitations of cross-correlation techniques using numerical simulations, and in particular, we intend to show (i) an estimate of the Green's function in different configurations and (ii) results for passive imaging. This problem seems especially interesting in seismology, nondestructive testing, structure health monitoring, and wireless sensor networks. To compute cross correlations of the impulse signals collected by the receivers, we consider scattering by discrete scatterers to generate impluse responses with targets and without targets. We compute the difference of the cross correlations with targets and the cross correlations without targets to estimate the backpropagator (Green's function) in the Kirchhoff migration functional. The migration functional is essential to compute images of targets. We run numerical simulations for different configurations to explore the limitations of this cross correlation methodology from the results of passive imaging.
Fluorous Fullerene Acceptors in Vacuum‐Deposited Photovoltaic Cells (2019)

The first successful example of vacuum‐deposited organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells based on a fullerene derivative and a small‐molecule donor is reported. A series of thermally robust fluorous fullerene acceptors with experimental gas‐phase electron affinities ranging from 2.8 to 3.3 eV are paired with a new dicyanovinyl thiophene‐based molecular donor to enable direct comparison of their performance in planar and bulk heterojunction architectures in the cells fabricated by vacuum deposition. Unprecedented insights into the role of the acceptor intrinsic molecular and electronic structures are obtained, which are not obscured by solvent and additive effects as in the typical solution‐processed fullerene‐based OPV cells.
t(1;3)(p36;p21) is a recurring therapy‐related translocation (2002)

Chromosome bands 1p36 and 3p21 are known to be recurring breakpoints in therapy-related (t-) leukemia. We identified a recurring translocation, t(1;3)(p36;p21), in eight patients with various hematologic malignancies: three patients with ALL, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in accelerated phase (AP), two with MDS, and two with AML(M3). Five of the eight patients had a history of chemotherapy, including alkylating agents in three, before the translocation was detected. In two of these five patients, the t(1;3)(p36;p21) emerged only at relapse or in the accelerated phase of CML. The karyotypes of the patients were complex, including -7 and structural abnormalities of 5q, 6q, 7q, 9p, and 11q23. Survival time varied among patients (25 days to more than 16 years). Using FISH with 13 1p35-36 cosmid probes (tel-FB12-CA5-G7-FD2-CB1-ED8-FD9-G32-AE3-G50-AD8-GG4-G43-cen), we delineated the 1p36 breakpoint in two patients with MDS and ALL as lying between FB12 and FD2 (between BAC47P3 and PAC963K15), with a small deletion near the breakpoint in both cases. In the patient with MDS, there was also a deletion at 3p21.3, as detected with the cosmid probe cosNRL9. The results of the present study suggest that t(1;3)(p36;p21) in hematologic diseases is associated with prior exposure to mutagens, including alkylating agents.
Radio Immunoassay for Partially Degraded Thyrotropin (1978)

A radioimmunoassay for partially pepsin degraded bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) was developed and used to examine human thyrotropin (hTSH) preparations and sera obtained from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy for the presence of cross-reactivity. As little as 4 microunits of the hTSH (68/38) reference preparation produced inhibition of binding in the radioimmunoassay, but none of the sera obtained from patients with Graves' disease (n = 26) contained detectable cross-reactivity. These data indicate that there is a substantial amount of partially degraded thyrotropin in human pituitary extracts, but none detectable in the sera of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Pharmacokinetics of pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides after intravenous administration in rat (2009)

The pharmacokinetics of pyrrole (Py)-imidazole (Im) polyamides was studied in rats after the intravenous administration of these compounds. Py-Im polyamide (A) was composed of Ac-ImPyPy-ImPyPy-beta-Dp (beta: beta-alanine, Dp: N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide). Py-Im polyamide (B) was composed of Ac-PyIm-beta-ImIm-PyPy-beta-PyPy-beta-Dp. Py-Im polyamide (C) was composed of Ac-PyPy-beta-PyImPy-PyPyPy-beta-ImPy-beta-Dp. The molecular weight of Py-Im polyamide (A) was 1035.12, that of Py-Im polyamide (B) was 1422.51 and that of Py-Im polyamide (C) was 1665.78. After the intravenous injection of Py-Im polyamide (A) at 1.3, 2.0, 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg, Py-Im polyamides (B) and (C) at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, the average systemic clearance and the volume of distribution at the steady state obtained by a non-compartmental method were in the ranges of 4.6-6.4 ml/min/kg and 244-412 ml/kg, 8.9-10.3 ml/min/kg and 1990-4567 ml/kg, and 7.3-11.9 ml/min/kg and 407-667 ml/kg, respectively. Dose linearity of Py-Im polyamides was observed. The plasma concentration-time profiles after the intravenous administration of Py-Im polyamides (A) and (B) were fitted well by a two-compartment model. Py-Im polyamide (C) was observed at high concentrations in the lungs. The plasma concentration-time profiles after the intravenous administration of Py-Im polyamide (C) were described using a catenary two-compartment model. This model is useful for describing the time course after the administration of high-molecular-weight Py-Im polyamides.
Decrease in collagen production in normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts induced by phorbol myristate acetate. (1979)

The secretary of Theodore Roosevelt sends Roosevelt's regrets to R. L. Little that he is no longer involved with securing official positions. Roosevelt would feel obligated to do the same for the hundreds of other requests he receives.
Comparison of the Flow Field of a Swirl Stabilized Premixed Burner in an Annular and a Single Burner Combustion Chamber (2010)

An experimental investigation of the flow field of a 12 burner annular combustor and a single burner combustor with the same burner was performed. It has revealed the aerodynamic effect, which causes the discrepancies in the flame transfer function behavior measured at the same operating conditions in the single and the annular combustion chambers. The results have shown significant differences in the flow field. In particular, it is seen that for the investigated system in the annular combustor a free swirling jet flow forms, while in the single burner configuration, a swirling wall jet flow regime exists. In this paper, we discuss the physical mechanism and show how to generalize an earlier finding, which identified a critical confinement value for a given swirler. We propose a new correlation for coswirling burners, which explains the changes found for the investigated system. It compares also well with the experimental data from other burner geometries. The correlation should allow to design single burner tests as to match the annular combustor flow regime.