gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Biologically Active Recombinant Tilapia Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Polypeptides in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cells and Characterization of the Genomic Structure of the Coding Region (1997)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a fetal growth factor in humans, but has not been clearly identified in fish up to now. For a detailed understanding of the physiological response of fish IGF-II, the first step was to clone tilapia IGF-II cDNA from the brain cDNA library, coding the region of genomic DNA, and also expressing tilapia IGF-II polypeptides from Escherichia coli. Tilapia cDNA sequences total 1,977 bp, and predicted nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of tilapia share 77.9% and 90.7% homology identity with rainbow trout IGF-II, respectively. The genomic structure of the tilapia prepro-IGF-II coding region is very difficult to sequence in mammals and birds. The cloned tilapia IGF-II gene coding region appears much more complex than in other vertebrates. In tilapia IGF-II, the first coding exon I encoding part of the signal peptide sequence is 25 amino acids shorter than the first coding exon of mammals and birds. The other 23 amino acids of the signal peptide, and the first amino acids of the B domain and C domain are encoded by tilapia coding exon 2. The C, A, and D domains, and the first 20 amino acids of the E peptide are encoded by tilapia coding exon 3. The other E peptides and the 3' untranslated region (UTR) region are encoded by tilapia coding exon 4. These data show that the IGF-II genes have significantly differing structures in vertebrate evolution, and there are differences of interrupting introns in the IGF-I genomic structure compared with mammals. To obtain recombinant biologically active polypeptides, tilapia IGF-II B-C-A-D domains were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then ligated with glutathione S-transferase (GST, pGEX-2T vector). Tilapia recombinant IGF-II protein was purified and characterized in E. coli. The fusion protein was also digested with thrombin and appeared as a recombinant IGF-II polypeptide single band with a molecular mass of 7 kD. The recombinant tilapia IGF-II protein biological function was measured by stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation. The assay concentration was set up from 0 to 120 nM to stimulate tilapia ovary cell line (TO-2) significantly to uptake thymidine. The results suggest that the recombinant IGF-II protein was dose dependent.
A new multimedia network architecture using 3G CDMA2000 (2002)

The third generation (3G) of wireless communications can provide mobile Internet and multimedia services including video and audio conferencing. In order to support these advanced multimedia services CDMA2000 has been designed for high speed Internet based packet-data. The information data rates of CDMA2000 can handle multimedia packet-data with current compression standards for video and audio. Thus, we propose the new network architecture using 3G CDMA2000, which it can provide various multimedia services. SIP is used as a signaling protocol of the proposed 3G CDMA networking architecture. The protocol architecture of mobility management under SIP based 3G CDMA is presented and it supports global roaming. The real time protocols for audio and video are studied.
Fluorophore‐assisted light inactivation produces both targeted and collateral effects on N‐type calcium channel modulation in rat sympathetic neurons (2006)

Fluorophore-assisted light inactivation (FALI) is a method to inactivate specific proteins on a time scale of seconds to minutes using either diffuse or coherent light. Here we examine a novel FALI modality that utilizes a fluorescein-conjugated polypeptide, alpha-bungarotoxin (BTX) and a 13 amino acid BTX-binding site engineered into the N-terminus of metabotropic glutamate receptor 8a (mGluR8a), a class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The tagged mGluR8a was expressed in rat sympathetic neurons and labelled with fluorescein-conjugated BTX (FL-BTX). The efficacy of FALI was evaluated by monitoring mGluR8a-mediated inhibition of calcium currents (I(Ca)) using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. Following either wide-field or laser illumination of FL-BTX-labelled neurons, mGluR8a-mediated I(Ca) inhibition was greatly attenuated whereas holding current and basal I(Ca), measures of non-specific effects, were minimally affected. Sodium azide, a collision quencher of singlet oxygen, reduced the magnitude of FALI-mediated effects supporting a role for reactive oxygen species in the process. Although these results were consistent with an acute inactivation of mGluR8a, the intended target, two findings confounded this interpretation. First, effects on a natively expressed signalling pathway, alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor-mediated I(Ca) modulation, were observed following illumination of neurons expressing FL-BTX-labelled sodium channel beta2 subunits or ionotropic 5-HT(3) receptors, proteins with no overt relationship to GPCR signalling pathways. Second, GPCR-independent I(Ca) modulation induced with intracellular guanylyl imidophosphate was also attenuated by FALI. These data challenge the assumption that the fluorophore-tagged protein is the sole target of FALI and provide evidence that collateral damage to proximal proteins occurs following fluorophore illumination.
Using Soft-Matching Mined Rules to Improve Information Extraction (2004)

By discovering predictive relationships between different pieces of extracted data, data-mining algorithms can be used to improve the accuracy of information extraction. However, textual variation due to typos, abbreviations, and other sources can prevent the productive discovery and utilization of hard-matching rules. Recent methods for inducing softmatching rules from extracted data can more effectively find and exploit predictive relationships in textual data. This paper presents techniques for using mined soft-matching association rules to increase the accuracy of information extraction. Experimental results on a corpus of computer-science job postings demonstrate that soft-matching rules improve information extraction more effectively than hard-matching rules.
<title>Effects Of Primary Mirror Segmentation On Telescope Image Quality</title> (1982)

A number of designs for future astronomical telescopes call for large primary mirrors that are mosaics of smaller mirrors. We describe here a study of some characteristics of the images expected from a telescope with a primary mirror composed of 36 hexagonal segments. Various effects caused by the segmentation and imperfections in the segment fabrication and control have been analyzed using physical optics. The diffraction-limited image distribution from the segmentation geometry of the primary is derived, and the diffraction spikes are shown to be similar to those caused by secondary support struts in existing telescopes. A general relation between surface quality and image quality is given, and the implications for surface quality tolerances are discussed. The optical effects of segment phasing errors are derived, showing that at least for visible light observations the phasing is unimportant. For observations at 10 μm near diffraction-limited perfor-mance can be achieved with a 10 meter aperture requiring that the segments be phased correctly at this wavelength.
Polyelectrolyte effects in model photoresist developer solutions (2003)

We demonstrate that the deprotected photoresist poly(4-hydroxy styrene) is a polyelectrolyte when dissolved in aqueous base solutions. This polyelectrolyte effect manifests itself by the well-known monomer–monomer correlations as measured by small-angle neutron scattering. The correlation peak at the finite wave vector is a function of the solution ionic strength and polymer concentration. The weakening of the polyelectrolyte effects with added salts and excess base is also demonstrated. These studies emphasize the role of salt additives and aqueous base concentration and their influence on equilibrium solution properties such as the second virial coefficient and single chain radius of gyration. The fundamental role of these equilibrium properties with respect to the dissolution process is discussed.
Active noise control systems (1987)

A retrospective review of the development of active noise control systems is presented, arguing that the design of active noise control (ANC) systems should be considered from a control systems point of view. This approach provides a design methodology that accounts for the design parameters of the system which determine its performance, thereby producing an ANC system that reduces the problems associated with, and the limited practical success of, previous techniques. Based on this argument, the fundamental conditions required for cancellation are derived in terms of the power spectral densities of the primary and secondary waves. These conditions are in turn related to the geometry-related (incorporating the acoustic response of the propagation medium) and source-related parameters of the system. From these conditions, the control structures employed in current ANC systems are examined and compared with the reported applications. A method for the design of controllers for use in ANC systems with broadband compact noise sources suitable for implementation on digital signal processing devices is presented. Using this method, experimental results using differing controllers are illustrated and discussed for both synthetic and practical sources. Finally, current developments in ANC systems are summarised and areas for further work are suggested.
Design, Syntheses and Applications of Fluorescent Dyes (2010)

New methodologies for the efficient syntheses of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-\ns-indacenes (BODIPYs) and rosamines were developed. A serendipitous discovery\nled to a new reaction which afforded BODIPYs in high yields. Systematic studies of the\nkinetics and mechanisms of the new reaction were performed. A series of BODIPYs\nwere successfully prepared using the new approach. A simple and efficient synthesis of\nrosamines with cyclic-amine substituents was devised. These new rosamines showed\ninteresting anti-tumor activities.\nSeveral types of novel fluorescent compounds were prepared. Highly fluorescent\nGFP-chromophore analogs were designed and synthesized. The correlation between the\noptical properties and the structures was investigated. New pyronin dyes with mesoheteroatom\nsubstituents were efficiently prepared. The fluorescence properties of these\ncompounds were highly dependent on the nature of the meso-substituents. A set of\nBODIPY dyes that fluoresce brightly above 600 nm were made. They were then used as\nacceptors to prepare water-soluble through-bond energy transfer cassettes. All the\ncassettes had complete energy transfer and high quantum yields in MeOH. A few also\nhad good fluorescence properties in aqueous media and even on proteins.\nThe through-bond energy transfer cassettes were used to monitor protein-protein\ninteractions. In order to test our hypothesis, an artificial protein interaction system was\nbuilt by utilizing the biotin/(strept)avidin interactions. Thus Atto425-BSA-biotin,\nstreptavidin-cassette1 and avidin-cassette2 were prepared. The interactions between\nAtto425-BSA-biotin and cassette labeled (strept)avidin were successfully detected in\nvitro and in living cells by fluorescence techniques.
Mitogenic and chemotactic effects of platelet-derived growth factor on human retinal glial cells. (1991)

Glial cell migration and proliferation appear to play a role in many of the proliferative retinopathies. Knowledge concerning the regulation of the migratory and proliferative responses of glial cells to pathophysiologic conditions in the human retina is limited. Here, we report that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has both mitogenic and chemotactic effects on human retinal glial cells in culture. These effects of PDGF support the idea that this growth factor may be one of the molecules influencing glial cell activities in the proliferative retinopathies. Both the mitogenic and chemotactic responses of retinal glial cells to PDGF could be inhibited by the calcium-channel blocker, nifedipine. Although this finding suggests that nifedipine-sensitive calcium channels may help mediate these responses to PDGF, an electrophysiologic effect of PDGF on voltage-gated calcium channels was not detected. Also, the concentration of nifedipine required to inhibit proliferation was higher than the dose needed to block calcium channels. It seems likely that nifedipine inhibits the mitogenic and chemotactic responses of human retinal glial cells to PDGF by affecting cellular processes in addition to calcium channels.
Fast detection of disconnection using adaptive Fuzzy Logic (2007)

With the growth of Internet popularity and its importance for the business applications staying permanent online becomes a key requirement. Commonly, the broadband access and enterprise networks involve devices with dynamic NAPT(NAT) and stateful firewalls functionality. Keeping open connection behind such an intermediate device is not a trivial task, since the communication participants are not notified for NAPT/Firewall status changes. Until detaching the change at intermediate device and reestablishing the connection, all send packets get lost. To overcome these issues most applications involve deed-peer-detection(updates) mechanisms, which verify the host availability, thus if the connection is active. The fast detection of connection lost is vital for the application and therefore short constant dead-peer-detection intervals are used. The interval value is set based on the general network experience and application requirements. The update interval is a tradeoff between the network resources and fast detection of disconnection. In this paper is suggested a framework for dynamic optimization of the update intervals in respect of fast disconnection detection and low network resources. The key idea is to make the update interval proportional to the probability of connection drop. The main issue is that the time point of disconnection can only be narrowed down to certain update interval, the exact time point can not be determined by the hosts. The proposed solution is based on adaptive fuzzy logic. It is relevant for wide spectrum of applications like VoIP, routing, security protocols etc.
Shifts in Diet from High Fat to High Carbohydrate Improved Levels of Adipokines and Pro‐inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High‐fat Diet (2009)

High‐fat diets induce an expansion of the adipose tissue (AT) which is an important source of adipokines and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a shift from a high‐fat diet to high‐carbohydrate (CHO) diet on the blood levels of adipokines and pro‐inflammation cytokines in mice fed a high‐fat diet. Six‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high‐fat diet (40% of the total calories) for 9 weeks and then the diet was shifted to a high‐CHO diet (70% of the total calories) for 3 weeks. Body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight as well as blood lipid levels were measured. The serum levels of adipokines and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Shifting the diet from high fat to high CHO significantly decreased body weight and epididymal fat. The blood levels of lipids (TG, total‐chol, and LDL‐chol) decreased. The blood levels of leptin and resistin significantly decreased after the diet was shifted to a high‐CHO diet however, the adiponectin concentrations did not changed. The serum levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐alpha. decreased by the high‐CHO diet. The serum levels of IL‐13 increased by the high‐CHO diet. Conclusively, reduction of body weight and epididymal fat through shifts from a high‐fat diet to a high‐carbohydrate diet effectively improved low‐grade inflammation states in mice fed a high‐fat diet.
Conductance of a photochromic molecular switch with graphene leads (2011)

We report a full self-consistent ab initio calculation of the conductance of a diarylethene-based molecular switch with two graphene electrodes. Our results show the contributions of the resonant states of the molecule, of the electrode density of states, and of graphene unique features, such as edge states. The conductivities are found to be significantly different for the two photochromic isomers at zero and finite applied bias. Further we point out the possibility of causing the switching by the application of a large potential difference between the two electrodes.
Spectroscopy of large molecular complexes in supersonic jets (1983)

In this paper we report the results of an experimental study of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of M⋅Xn van der Waals complexes, consisting of medium-sized molecules (X=methane, carbon tetrachloride, ammonia, water, methanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and toluene) bound to a large aromatic molecule (M=tetracene and fluorene). These large complexes were synthesized in pulsed supersonic jets of He seeded with M and X. The spectral features assigned to S0→S1 electronic-vibrational excitations of these large M⋅X1 complexes, which are characterized by narrow linewidths (FWHM) of 2–4 cm−1, were attributed to three distinct categories: (i) A vibrationless excitation of M⋅X1, (ii) vibrational excitations of M in M⋅X1, and (iii) excitations of the vibrations involving relative motion of M and X in the M⋅X1 complex.
A Rapid and Sensitive Early Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Subtype via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (2014)

We have developed a novel, rapid, highly sensitive biosensor protocol for diagnosis and characterization of influenza viruses in the early stage of the epidemic. Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technique and nitrocellulose membrane, detection limit as low as 30 ng/mL was achieved with high selectivity to different subtypes of influenza virus tested. Moreover, the SERS measurement can be completed in less than 2 h, thus making the protocol useful in early diagnosis and impediment of propagation of potential influenza pandemic.
The Initial Teacher Training National Curriculum for Primary English 1997. A most unnecessary document (1997)

(1997). The Initial Teacher Training National Curriculum for Primary English 1997. A most unnecessary document. Changing English: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 241-249.
Avoparcin and vancomycin: useful antibiotics for the isolation of brewery lactic acid bacteria (1988)

Vancomycin (30 μg) and avoparcin (20 μg) have no effect on growth of hetero‐fermentative lactobacilli, mesophilic homofermentative lactobacilli, Lactobacillus salivarius and bacteria of the genera Leuconostoc and Pediococcus. The growth of thermophilic homofermentative lactobacilli (with the exception of Lacto salivarius ), enteric and lactic streptococci and all other Gram‐positive bacteria encountered in breweries (and likely to be encountered in foods) is inhibited by these antibiotics. The recovery of sub‐lethally stressed cells is slightly reduced by the presence of either antibiotic. Vancomycin and avoparcin are useful selective agents for the detection of lactic acid bacteria in the brewing industry and may also be of use, for quality control purposes, in the distilling, wine, cider, dairy and meat industries. These antibiotics may also find applications in differentiation of pediococci from streptococci, and in rapid identification of lactobacilli.
패션 브랜드 이미지 포지셔닝의 차이지각(差異知覺)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (2002)

The purpose of this study is to investigate any differences in perception of fashion brand positioning between a manufacturer and a consumer. So this can provide theoretical suggestions for the development of brand positioning strategy for fashion brand. For this study, three brands, (MINE, TELEGRAPH, and MICHAA,) were selected by the criteria. The data were collected via a selfadministered questionnaire and analysed by the statistical method. The results of investigation were as follows: 1. The consumers had good attitudes in the order following: MINE, MICHAA, and TELEGRAPH in the factors1). In the case of purchasing the goods, the result of the research showed presented that the consumer had better attitudes than in the case of unpurchasing the goods. Contrary to our expectation, TELEGRAPH has the best attitude in personality, one of the factors. 2. In the image positioning map between the manufacturer and the consumer, the consumer had the same perception about the manufacturer. However, there is a gap on the degree of agreement for positioning map. In the case of purchasing the goods, the result of the research represents that the consumers are similar to the manufacturer in perception of the image positioning. 3. In the results of forming attitudes and recognizing brand by the consumer, there is a difference in brand positioning. The display and the shop appearance are very important means of attractions very to the consumers but salesmen`s service or direct mail (DM) do not appeal to the consumer.
Iron metabolism and Parkinson's disease. (1998)

There are at least three major reasons for thinking that iron participates in the mechanism of nerve cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD): (1) Iron catalyzes the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction. (2) Evidence suggests that oxidative stress participates in the mechanism of nerve cell death in PD. (3) Increased iron concentrations have been observed in the substantia nigra of patients with PD. In this review, we report data suggesting that the vulnerable neurons in PD are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress that may be induced by iron and then discuss the mechanisms by which iron levels may be increased in dopaminergic neurons in PD.
Using Kerberos in operations systems (2002)

The author discusses the use of the Kerberos authentication technology in securing operations systems (OSs) interfaces. He begins with a problem description, and discusses the need for a solution. Kerberos is briefly introduced. A feasibility prototype is described which addresses various vulnerabilities in an OS-OS interface where the prototype solution is applicable to a wide range of OSs, and requires little modification to the upstream system, no modification to either downstream system, and little modification to either underlying operating environment. It is concluded that Kerberos is viable for implementing a generic authentication service within a communications subsystem used by many OSs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological Activities of Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones and the Effect of Synthetic Sesquiterpene Derivatives on Insect Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis (1998)

Three natural sesquiterpene lactones have been assayed for their biological activity on locust (Locusta migratoria) nymphs. Since results obtained in vivo pointed to disruptions on juvenile hormone (JH)-regulated physiology, we tested the sesquiterpene lactones and a family of synthetic sesquiterpene derivatives for their ability to disturb the rate of JH biosynthesis by locust corpora allata (CA) in vitro. All the active compounds in vitro share a basic sesquiterpene double-ring structure as well as substituents with different chemical complexities. Compounds that shared an eudesmane base with different oxidation states on C3 and C12 carbon atoms were tested as JH biosynthesis inhibitors. Supplementation of the locust corpora allata culture media with exogenous JH precursors together with data obtained with corpora allata from a moth (Agrotis ipsilon) suggested that epoxidase is a target of the inhibition process. Keywords: Insect; juvenile hormone biosynthesis; inhibitors; sesquiterpene lactones; sesquiterpene amides; biological activity; epoxidase inhibition
Vibrations and Critical Speeds (1969)

Suppose a mass m to be carried on an elastic support, such as a spring, which has a stiffness k (force per unit extension). Then, if the mass is given a displacement x from its equilibrium position, the support will exert a restoring force equal to kx.