gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatic Genome Variations in Health and Disease (2010)

It is hard to imagine that all the cells of the human organism (about 10(14)) share identical genome. Moreover, the number of mitoses (about 10(16)) required for the organism's development and maturation during ontogeny suggests that at least a proportion of them could be abnormal leading, thereby, to large-scale genomic alterations in somatic cells. Experimental data do demonstrate such genomic variations to exist and to be involved in human development and interindividual genetic variability in health and disease. However, since current genomic technologies are mainly based on methods, which analyze genomes from a large pool of cells, intercellular or somatic genome variations are significantly less appreciated in modern bioscience. Here, a review of somatic genome variations occurring at all levels of genome organization (i.e. DNA sequence, subchromosomal and chromosomal) in health and disease is presented. Looking through the available literature, it was possible to show that the somatic cell genome is extremely variable. Additionally, being mainly associated with chromosome or genome instability (most commonly manifesting as aneuploidy), somatic genome variations are involved in pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. The latter mainly concerns diseases of the brain (i.e. autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease) and immune system (autoimmune diseases), chromosomal and some monogenic syndromes, cancers, infertility and prenatal mortality. Taking into account data on somatic genome variations and chromosome instability, it becomes possible to show that related processes can underlie non-malignant pathology such as (neuro)degeneration or other local tissue dysfunctions. Together, we suggest that detection and characterization of somatic genome behavior and variations can provide new opportunities for human genome research and genetics.
Multi‐Stable Mechanical Structural Materials (2017)

Energy absorbing is an important and desirable property in mechanical and civil engineering. Here, a proof‐of‐concept method is presented as a new approach to achieve artificial mechanical materials with tunable compressive behavior for energy absorbing constructed from unit cells with a snap fit structure. The artificial structure undergoes a series of stable configurations derived from the sequential insertion of the plug into the groove of the snap fit. Both, experimental and simulation results manifest the multi‐stable and tunable mechanical properties of the structure. The mechanical energy dissipated by the proposed structure is demonstrated to be dependent on the lead‐in angle of the snap fit and the deflection ratio of the groove, as well as on the coefficient of friction between the plug and the groove of the snap fit. The system designed, herein, exhibits mechanical properties that can be tuned not only by adjusting the geometric parameters, but also by tuning the coefficient of friction between the plug and the groove, allowing the mechanical properties to be tailored post‐fabrication. Furthermore, the proposed model can be extended to the macro‐, micro‐, or nanoscales. These findings provide a simple method to obtain artificial materials with tunable energy absorbing properties, which can be applied in areas such as the design of automobile bumpers and foldable devices that facilitate their transportation.
Athletic Body in Balance (2003)

Part I. Athletic Movement Chapter 1. Mind and Movement Chapter 2. Identifying Weak Links Chapter 3. Analyzing Movement Chapter 4. Developing Resistance to Injury Part II. Mobility and Stability Chapter 5. Mobility and Stability Testing Chapter 6. Balance Training Chapter 7. Core Training Part III. Strength and Endurance Chapter 8. Strength and Endurance Testing Chapter 9. Movement Imbalance Training Chapter 10. Strength and Endurance Exercises Part IV. Power, Speed, and Agility Chapter 11. Power, Speed, and Agility Testing Chapter 12. Speed and Quickness Training Chapter 13. Power, Speed, and Agility Drills Part V. Performance Programs Chapter 14. Rotation and Swinging Chapter 15. Throwing and Striking Chapter 16. Jumping and Kicking Chapter 17. Cutting and Turning Chapter 18. Progress Evaluation
A combined optimization method for solving the inverse kinematics problems of mechanical manipulators (1991)

A new method for computing numerical solutions to the inverse kinematics problem of robotic manipulators is developed. The method is based on a combination of two nonlinear programming techniques and the forward recursion formulas, with the joint limitations of the robot being handled implicitly as simple boundary constraints. This method is numerically stable since it converges to the correct answer with virtually any initial approximation, and it is not sensitive to the singular configuration of the manipulator. In addition, this method is computationally efficient and can be applied to serial manipulators having any number of degrees of freedom.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive control for a mobile robot under slip conditions using an LMI-based approach (2009)

This paper presents the synthesis of a control law which guarantees asymptotic stability for a wheeled mobile robot under slip conditions subject to both constraints and system dynamics. This control law is obtained using Linear Matrix Inequalities. The improvements provided by the pro- posed adaptive control are compared with other control laws, dealing with slip effect, through simulation.
A Bioassay for Available Amino Acids and True Metabolizable Energy in Feedingstuffs (1979)

An experiment was made to determine if the basic methodology of the bioassay for true metabolizable energy (TME) can be applied to the measurement of available amino acids (AAA) in feedingstuffs. Administration of graded levels of glucose (0–30 g) had no effect on the excretion of 13 AA by adult roosters. Feeding graded levels of soybean meal, alone or in combination with glucose, caused linear increases in AA excretion. Methods of measuring AAA are described and the importance of correcting for metabolic and endogenous AA excretion is discussed. A bioassay for AAA which may be combined with the measurement of TME is described.
THE PRICE OF COMFORT: HOW LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CAN REDUCE HUMAN DEPENDENCE ON CLIMATE CONTROL (2013)

INTRODUCTION In the development of modern sustainable construction there has been a focus on technological solutions. One of the most effective ways to diminish one's carbon footprint is through reducing residential energy consumption. A simple yet overlooked component of residential energy reduction is to better acclimate people to their local environments. Since the advent of engineered climate control in the mid-20th century, the majority of Americans have “forgotten” how to live with their local climate conditions. This study examines from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives how acclimation via landscape and architecture design interventions can reduce residential energy use. Within a variety of climates in California, it conducts a cost-benefit analysis of reducing enclosed residential square footage to quantify the savings in construction and energy costs. These monies could then be spent on ecologically-appropriate outdoor rooms that fulfill the functional and spatial requirements of the home, requiring little to no extra energy costs. Case studies illustrate a variety of options for the design of the outdoor spaces including: a) multiple spaces around the building for movement with the sun and wind; b) movable controls within a single space such as umbrellas, retractable overhead shade structures, and opening louvered fences for wind; and c) additive devices like fire pits to warm, and water features to cool—all of which would also have aesthetic design qualities. The study highlights not only energy reduction through moving people to comfortable outdoor “rooms,” but considers the possibility that outdoor spaces can match the spatial and functional needs of indoor rooms. Additionally, this way of thinking about design improves quality of life for the homeowner by increasing the amount time they spend outside. It weaves together a story of successful design solutions in all climates for true sustainable design.
Protozoology Richard R. Kudo (1966)

Journal Article Protozoology Get access Protozoology, 5th ed., by Kudo Richard R.. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 1966, 1174 pp., $15.75. Norman L. Levin Norman L. Levin Brooklyn College, City University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 16, Issue 10, October 1966, Page 751, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293748 Published: 01 October 1966
Programming Microsoft ASP.NET (2003)

Delve into the features, principles, and pillars of the ASP.NET MVC framework-deftly guided by Web development luminary Dino Esposito. ASP.NET MVC forces developers to think in terms of distinct components-model, view, controller-that make it easier to manage application complexity. Plunge into the framework's internal mechanics and gain a practical, what-why-how perspective behind each ASP.NET MVC building block. You'll understand how and when to use this programming model as an alternative to Web Forms-to gain full control of HTML, simplify testing and extensibility, and design better Web sites and experiences. As always, Esposito provides the detailed, insightful guidance and illustrative code samples you need to get productive quickly.
Measurement of lipoxygenase in Australian white wheat flour: the effect of lipoxygenase on the quality properties of white salted noodles (2006)

Abstract The enzyme lipoxygenase has a number of functions in breadmaking. Although white salted noodles are a staple food in various countries, the significance and potential of lipoxygenase in noodlemaking are less well understood. In these products a bright, uniform appearance is particularly important and so the aim of the present research has been to study the effect of endogenous and exogenous lipoxygenase upon discolouration of white salted noodles as well as on the textural and structural attributes. Similar lipoxygenase levels were recorded in the flours studied and no significant losses of activity were found during noodle manufacture and subsequent storage. Less discolouration occurred in treated noodle sheets compared with control samples. Discolouration happened to a lesser extent when samples were cooked immediately after preparation or drying for both treated and control noodles. Whiter noodle sheets were obtained when a soybean lipoxygenase was added to the formulation. Textural and structural properties of white salted noodles were not adversely affected by enzyme addition, giving firm, elastic and non‐sticky products. It is concluded that the incorporation of the lipoxygenase preparation offers prospects for colour enhancement of white salted noodles. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
On-Line Taxi Problem on the Benefit-Cost Graphs (2006)

Based on the k-taxi problem, the online taxi problem on benefit-cost graphs is proposed in this paper. The optimization of the problem is to maximize the benefit for finishing the whole request sequence under the condition that all requests are revealed with an online fashion. A relevant model is established and some concepts are formulated. After that, some online algorithms are designed and the relevant competitive ratios are obtained and proved. Furthermore, the criterion of charging in this model is discussed at the end of the paper
CONCENTRATION OF CARRIER-FREE RADIOISOTOPES BY ADSORPTION OF ALUMINA (1959)

Carrier-free radiosulfur in the form of bisulfate is easily separated from chlorides by adsorption on alumina. The separation was efficient from 4 M alkali chlorides or 5 M HCl or 2 M solutions of III analytical group metal chlorides or others. Recovery of the adsorbed S/sup 35/ by a small volume of ammonia is in the range of 90%. The P/sup 32/ in its form of phosphate is separated by magnesium carriers, and the solution is finally passed through a cation exchanger resin column and evaporated to the desired volume. The conditions of the adsorption and elution of carrier-free S/sup 35/ in mixtures with the above salts are given. The effects of the concentrations and the nature of the ions present, as well as the temperature and the fiow velocity, are shown. The nature of the separation process is determined and the corresponding constants calculated. Similar favorable conditions can be used for P/sup 32/ separation from irradiated sulfur. Sulfur is dissolved in CS/sub 2/ or other organic solvent, and the phosphate present is separated by adsorption on alumina. Similar procedures may be applied to the separation of chromates. The process eliminates the necessity of using great bulks of the solutionsmore » (as usually used in most separations of S/sup 35/). It is efficient at very high concentrations of chlorides and allows a fast preparation of pure specimens. (auth)« less
Diels-Alder Reactions of 4,4-Disubstituted 2-Cyano-2,5-cyclohexadienones. A Facile Approach to the Angularly Substituted<i>cis</i>-Decalin System (2000)

4,4-Disubstituted 2-cyano-2,5-cyclohexadienones 1 and 2 were found to add efficiently to a variety of conjugated dienes under zinc chloride catalysis. On exposure to lithium naphthalenide, the adducts thus obtained were shown to undergo facile reductive decyanation, and the ensuing enolate ions readily trapped with a variety of alkylating agents to provide angularly substituted, highly functionalized cis-decalin derivatives.
A mathematics retrieval system for formulae in layout presentations (2014)

The semantics of mathematical formulae depend on their spatial structure, and they usually exist in layout presentations such as PDF, LaTeX, and Presentation MathML, which challenges previous text index and retrieval methods. This paper proposes an innovative mathematics retrieval system along with the novel algorithms, which enables efficient formula index and retrieval from both webpages and PDF documents. Unlike prior studies, which require users to manually input formula markup language as query, the new system enables users to "copy" formula queries directly from PDF documents. Furthermore, by using a novel indexing and matching model, the system is aimed at searching for similar mathematical formulae based on both textual and spatial similarities. A hierarchical generalization technique is proposed to generate sub-trees from the semi-operator tree of formulae and support substructure match and fuzzy match. Experiments based on massive Wikipedia and CiteSeer repositories show that the new system along with novel algorithms, comparing with two representative mathematics retrieval systems, provides more efficient mathematical formula index and retrieval, while simplifying user query input for PDF documents.
Heterogeneous Permanganate Oxidations. 7. The Oxidation of Aliphatic Side Chains (1997)

Alkylbenzene side chains are oxidized at the benzylic position when treated under heterogeneous conditions with permanganate adsorbed on a solid support. The products are alcohols if the benzylic carbon is tertiary, or ketones if it is secondary. Carbon−carbon bond cleavage, which usually occurs when these same compounds are oxidized by permanganate under homogeneous conditions, does not occur. A unique selectivity is observed for the oxidation of derivatives of indane, 1, and tetralin, 2, in which one of the methylenes is replaced by an oxygen. If the oxygen is in the α-position, no reaction occurs; if it is in the β-position, good yields of the corresponding lactone are obtained. A mechanism consistent with the observed selectivity has been proposed.
Practicing self-control lowers the risk of smoking lapse. (2010)

Recent research has suggested that practicing small acts of self-control can lead to an improvement in self-control performance. Because smoking cessation requires self-control, it was hypothesized that a treatment that builds self-control should help in quitting smoking. A total of 122 smokers either practiced small acts of self-control for 2 weeks before quitting smoking or practiced a task that increased their awareness of self-control or feelings of confidence, without exercising self-control. Their smoking status was assessed using daily telephone calls and biochemically verified. Individuals who practiced self-control remained abstinent longer than those who practiced tasks that did not require self-control. Supplemental analyses suggested that the increased survival times were a product of building self-control strength and were not produced by changes in feelings that practicing should help in cessation, effort exerted on the practice task, or thinking more about self-control while practicing.
Securing emergent behaviour in swarm robotics (2021)

Swarm robotics is the study of how a large number of relatively simple robots can be designed so that a desired collective behaviour emerges from the local interactions among robots and between the robots and their environment. While many aspects of a swarm may be modelled as various types of ad hoc networks, and accordingly many aspects of security of the swarm may be achieved by conventional means, here we will focus on swarm emergent behaviour as something that most distinguishes swarm robotics from ad hoc networks. We discuss the challenges emergent behaviour poses on communications security, and by classifying a swarm by types of robots, types of communication channels, and types of adversaries, we examine what classes may be secured by traditional methods and focus on aspects that are most relevant to allowing emergent behaviour. We will examine how this can be secured by ensuring that communication is secure. We propose a simple solution using hash chains, and by modelling swarm communications using a series of random graphs, we show that this allows us to identify rogue robots with a high probability.
Image-Based System for Measuring Objects on an Oblique Plane and Its Applications in 2-D Localization (2012)

This paper presents an image-based framework for measuring target objects on an oblique plane by using a single charge-coupled device camera and two laser projectors mounted in parallel beside the camera. Because of the alignment of the laser beams, which form in parallel with the optical axis of the camera, laser-projected spots in the image can be processed to establish relationships between distance and pixel counts of the projected spots in the image. Based on simple geometrical derivations without complex image processing, the proposed approach can successfully measure the photographic distance, the distance between two arbitrary points on the oblique surface, and the incline angle of the oblique surface. Thanks to its ranging capability, the proposed image-based measuring system is further applied to localize objects on a ground surface in addition to depth measurement. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for practical applications, we propose a surveillance framework under which a pan-tilt-zoom camera tracks objects in an environment according to the 2-D localization results obtained via the proposed method. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in distance measurement, as well as localization of objects on an oblique plane.
Topically Applied Niacinamide in Isoniazid-Induced Pellagra (1976)

A patient with tuberculous meningitis developed a pellagra-like skin eruption after treatment with isoniazid. Administration of the drug was continued, and a topical preparation of niacinamide (nico-tinamide) was applied to one half of the face and the back of one hand. The areas treated responded rapidly, and subsequently all affected areas of the patient were treated, with almost complete resolution of the rash. At the same time, there was noticeable improvement in the patient's depression and apathy. We suggest that all of these changes could be due to percutaneous absorption of niacinamide.
A simple technique for obtaining variable intensity in AC plasma display panels (1975)

A technique for obtaining gray scale in ac plasma display panels is described which uses only one discharge site per resolution element, does not require extensive electronic memory and provides a continuous, broad intensity range. A maintain voltage is applied to all elements of the display panel whose magnitude is somewhat less than the lower limit of the bistable region in which ac plasma panels are normally operated. The application of a trigger voltage initiates a sequence of discharges of diminishing intensity which continues for a substantial number of cycles before dying out. The number of cycles that the discharge sequence persists depends on the magnitude and duration of the addressing trigger voltage. If the panel is operated in a refresh mode, the average brightness of the light emitted may be controlled by varying the magnitude of the trigger pulse voltage. The gray scale method may be used to address a matrix display panel with video information using line-at-a-time addressing.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Catalyzed Direct Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Reactions of Ketones with 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tactics of ingratiation among leaders and subordinates in a status hierarchy. (1963)

High and low status personnel in a Naval ROTC program were instructed to exchange written communications about themselves. Half of these pairs com­ municated under instructions stressing the importance of mutual attraction; half were under instructions emphasizing accuracy. From the communication messages it was possible to draw the following conclusions: (a) Conformity— low status subjects conformed more than highs as an increasing function of the relevance of the issue to the basis of the hierarchy, (b) Self-presentation—high status subjects became more modest when under pressure to make themselves attractive; low status subjects showed the same tendency on important items but became more self-enhancing on unimportant ones, (c) Other enhancement— low status subjects were more positive in their public appraisals of the high status subjects than vice versa. Th e present study explored some of the consequences of varying the importance of compatibility in pairs whose members clearly differ in status. Our hope was to shed some light on the social behavior of leaders and followers in task oriented groups. Pre­ sumably, all such groups face maintenance problems as well as problems associated with task achievement. This is clearly indicated by Homans' (19S0) well-documented distinction between the internal and the external systems. If the members of a functioning group are not at least minimally attracted to each other, the strain of interacting in the achievement of group goals should in the long run impair task performance. But how is this mutual attraction main­ tained when there are clear differences in role and status in a group? The research literature has thus far concentrated on affec