gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated, colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite, nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate ions in natural water samples (1996)

The apparatus and methods used for the automatic, colorimetric determinations of dissolved nutrients (nitrate plus nitrite, nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate) in natural waters are described. These techniques allow for the determination of nitrate plus nitrite for the concentration range 0.02 to 8 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as N (nitrogen); for nitrite, the range is 0.002 to 1.0 mg/L as N; for ammonium, the range is 0.006 to 2.0 mg/L as N; and for orthophosphate, the range is 0.002 to 1.0 mg/L as P (phosphorus). Data are presented that demonstrate the accuracy, precision and quality control of the methods.
Molecular Evolution of Puumala Hantavirus (2001)

Puumala virus (PUUV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In this study, detailed phylogenetic analysis was performed on 42 complete S segment sequences of PUUV originated from several European countries, Russia, and Japan, the largest set available thus far for hantaviruses. The results show that PUUV sequences form seven distinct and well-supported genetic lineages; within these lineages, geographical clustering of genetic variants is observed. The overall phylogeny of PUUV is star-like, suggesting an early split of genetic lineages. The individual PUUV lineages appear to be independent, with the only exception to this being the Finnish and the Russian lineages that are closely connected to each other. Two strains of PUUV-like virus from Japan form the most ancestral lineage diverging from PUUV. Recombination points within the S segment were searched for and evidence for intralineage recombination events was seen in the Finnish, Russian, Danish, and Belgian lineages of PUUV. Molecular clock analysis showed that PUUV is a stable virus, evolving slowly at a rate of 0.7 x 10(-7) to 2.2 x 10(-6) nt substitutions per site per year.
Luminescence Diffusion Tomography (2006)

Image operators are derived for luminescence diffusion tomography with time-harmonic sources, from a set of coupled radiation transport equations. Simulations and experiments were performed and reconstructed images are presented.
Notes - The Reaction of Phosphorous-Containing Enzyme Inhibitors with Some Hydroxylamine Derivatives (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - The Reaction of Phosphorous-Containing Enzyme Inhibitors with Some Hydroxylamine DerivativesRobert Plapinger and Omer OwensCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 10, 1186–1187Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online5 March 2003Published inissue 1 October 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01116a610https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01116a610research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies of Mechanism of Action and Effectiveness of Ethacrynic Acid, A New and Unique Diuretic Agent. (1964)

s1 April 1964Studies of Mechanism of Action and Effectiveness of Ethacrynic Acid, A New and Unique Diuretic Agent.Paul J. Cannon, M.D., John H. Laragh, M.D.Paul J. Cannon, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John H. Laragh, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-738_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEthacrynic acid has been found to be a most potent natriuretic and diuretic agent in man. The compound is an unsaturated ketone derivative of phenoxyacetic acid, chemically entirely different from previously known diuretic agents. The present study of over 50 patients suggests that its mode of action is also unique.Oral dosages of 100 to 200 mg per day produced marked increases in sodium chloride and water excretion and clearing of edema fluid in refractory patients with congestive heart failure or with cirrhosis and ascites. It was often effective when all other measures had failed. Its diuretic effects were additive... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 738-739KeywordsAscitesCirrhosisDiureticsEdemaExcretionHeart failureKetonesNatriuretic peptidesSodium chloride Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Minimizing gain degradation in lateral PNP bipolar junction transistors using gate control (1999)

Gain degradation in lateral PNP bipolar junction transistors is minimized by controlling the potential of a gate terminal deposited above the active base region. Gate biases that deplete the base during radiation exposure establish electric fields in the base oxide that limit the generation of oxide defects. Conversely, gate biases that accumulate the base during device operation suppress gain degradation by decreasing the probability of carrier recombination with interface states. The results presented in this paper suggest that, for gate controlled LPNP transistors designed for operation in radiation environments, a dynamic control of the gate potential improves the transistor's radiation hardness and extend its operating life.
An accurate 'decoupled C-V' method for characterizing channel and overlap capacitances of miniaturized MOSFET (2002)

A novel 'decoupled C-V' technique is proposed to characterize the channel and overlap capacitances of miniaturized MOSFET's. This method successfully decouples channel capacitance from overlap capacitance in submicron CMOS devices. The intrinsic channel capacitance can be well modeled by the quasi-static C-V theory. It allows the accurate determination of the effective channel length and effective channel doping concentration in submicron channel region. The bias dependence of the extrinsic overlap capacitance is observed to be channel-doping-concentration dependent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
157-nm photodissociation dynamics of CO 2 via photofragment-translational spectroscopy (1992)

The photodissociation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> at 157 nm was studied by the photofragment-translational spectroscopy technique. Product time-of-flight spectra were recorded and center-of-mass translational energy probability distributions were determined. Two electronic channels were observed -- one forming O(<SUP>1</SUP>D) with 92% probability and the other O(<SUP>3</SUP>P) with 8% probability.
Effect of NS-398, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, on gastric ulceration and acid secretion in rats. (1993)

The ulcerogenic activity of NS-398 was compared with that of indomethacin and the effects of NS-398 on stress-induced ulceration, gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal prostaglandin (PG) contents were investigated in rats. NS-398 in a single dose of up to 1,000 mg/kg, p.o. did not significantly cause gastric ulceration while other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, loxoprofen, indomethacin, diclofenac and ibuprofen, produced distinct gastric lesions. In cases of stress-induced ulcerations, NS-398 at 30 mg/kg, p.o. had no significant influence while indomethacin markedly potentiated the ulceration in a dose dependent manner. In basal gastric secretion studies, both NS-398 and indomethacin decreased secretion volume and acidity. However, in the 2-deoxy-D-glucose-stimulated gastric acid secretion study, NS-398 had no significant influence on gastric secretions while indomethacin significantly potentiated the secretion. Both NS-398 and indomethacin to much the same extent significantly decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents in inflammatory tissue. However, with respect to gastric mucosal PGE2 contents, NS-398 did not decrease PGE2 contents while indomethacin significantly decreased the contents. It would thus appear that the absence of ulcerogenic properties of NS-398 is due to a relative lack of activity in inhibiting gastric PG synthesis.
Forms and prevalence of intersexuality and effects of environmental contaminants on sexuality in cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). (1998)

Cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) from several different sites in Illinois were collected to assess the effects of environmental contamination on the prevalence of intersex gonads. Of 341 frogs collected in 1993, 1994, and 1995, 2.7% were intersex individuals. There was no statistically significant relationship between the chemical compounds detected and cricket frog intersexuality. However, there was an association approaching significance (p = 0.07) between the detection of atrazine and intersex individuals. A comparison of reference sites with sites that had point polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) contamination revealed a significant relationship between sex-ratio reversal and contamination with PCBs and PCDFs. The sex ratio of juvenile frogs studied from three sites with PCB and PCDF point contamination favored males over females, which was the opposite of the sex ratio in control ponds (p = 0.0007). The statistically significant correlation between organochlorine contamination and sex-ratio reversal suggests PCBs and PCDFs can influence cricket frog sexual differentiation. The current study suggests that in cricket frogs, sex ratios and the prevalence of intersex gonads are altered by environmental contamination.
A novel hybrid active-passive pixel with correlated double sampling CMOS readout circuit for medical x-ray imaging (2008)

This paper presents a new hybrid current-programmed, current-output active pixel sensor (APS) suitable for real time x-ray imaging (fluoroscopy) and an off-panel CMOS readout circuit. The pixel circuit is designed using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) technology. The simulation results based on the measured characteristics of a-Si:H TFTs show that the proposed pixel circuit can successfully compensate for characteristic variations (e.g. mobility and threshold voltage shift) in a-Si:H TFTs under prolonged gate voltage stress. The readout circuit exploits correlated double sampling (CDS) technique to reduce the offset current, low frequency noise and fixed-pattern noise (FPN) on the array operation.
A2298 Regulatory Mechanisms of (Pro)renin Receptor Expression in the Kidney of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats by High Salt Intake (2018)

Objectives: The present study clarified the mechanisms of the HS-intake increased (P)RR expression in the kidney of Dahl-Salt sensitive (DS) rats. Methods: Male DS rats were fed a normal salt (NS) diet (0.6%NaCl) and a HS diet (8%NaCl) for 4weeks. A part of the rats fed the HS diet were treated orally with angiotensin II type1 receptor antagonist; candesartan (Can, 3 mg/kg/day), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist; spironolactone (Spi, 100 mg/kg/day), or xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor; febuxostat (Feb, 10 mg/kg/day). Additionally, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 50 mg/kg/week) administered to the rats fed the NS diet for 4weeks. The (P)RR expression in the kidney sections, proximal tubules (PT) and distal tubules (DT) was examined by immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: HS intake increased the blood pressure, and Spi and Feb decreased the HS intake-increased blood pressure (p < 0.01). HS intake increased the (P)RR expression in the cortex by 22.6 fold (p < 0.001) and the PT by 4.9 fold (p < 0.01). Can, Spi and Feb inhibited the HS intake-increased (P)RR expression in the cortex by 32%, 89% and 55%, respectively (p < 0.001). Feb inhibited the HS intake-increased (P)RR expression in the PT by 69% (p < 0.001), but Can or Spi did not. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that HS intake increased the (P)RR expression in the PT and DT. Spi inhibited the expression in the DT, whereas Feb inhibited the expression in the PT. In addition, DOCA increased the (P)RR expression in the cortex and DT, but not in the PT. Conclusion: HS intake-increased (P)RR expression is enhanced in the PT and DT of DS rats. The mechanisms of HS intake-increased (P)RR expression may be MR-dependent manner in the DT and XO-dependent manner in the PT.
Teaching solar cell <i>I-V</i> characteristics using SPICE (2011)

The basic equivalent circuit of a p-n junction solar cell is most commonly represented as consisting of a current source in parallel with two diodes and two parasitic resistances. The output of a solar cell is measured by obtaining the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics for different illumination intensities, and various parameters are extracted from these characteristics. Because the nature of the information derived from these characteristics is not obvious to the beginning students in photovoltaics, a simulation using SPICE was utilized to explain three solar cell I–V characteristics—dark I–V, illuminated I–V, and open circuit voltage versus the short circuit current (illumination intensity). Students can construct a solar cell and study the effect of the diode and parasitic parameters on the three output I–V characteristics. Series and parallel combinations of solar cells for arrays and modules using bypass diodes are demonstrated using SPICE as educational tools for understanding the role of bypass diodes.
Glutathione Depletion Exacerbates Methylenedianiline Toxicity to Biliary Epithelial Cells and Hepatocytes in Rats (2003)

Methylenedianiline (DAPM) initially injures epithelial cells of major bile ducts, which is followed by cholestasis, cholangitis, and hepatocellular damage. This pattern of biliary injury resembles that produced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a classic bile duct toxicant. Our goal was to determine whether prior depletion of hepatic total glutathione (GSx), a condition reported to protect against biliary tract injury by ANIT, would also protect against DAPM-induced bile duct injury. A new protocol for extensive, sustained depletion of GSx was established. We found that administration of 1-bromoheptane followed 1 h later by buthionine sulfoximine resulted in an approximately 96% depletion of hepatic GSx that persisted through 6 h without biochemical or morphological signs of hepatic injury. Treatment of rats with a minimally hepatotoxic dose of DAPM (without GSx depletion) produced at 6 h injury similar to previous studies: moderate oncosis of biliary epithelial cells (BEC), mild edema of portal triads, and increases in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities without alterations in hepatic GSx/glutathione disulfide (GSSG), coenzyme A (CoASH)/coenzyme A-glutathione disulfide (CoASSG), or thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). In contrast, DAPM treatment of GSx-depleted rats produced severe oncosis of BEC, marked inflammatory and edematous alterations to portal tracts, and oncosis/apoptosis in scattered hepatocytes. The observed acceleration and enhancement of DAPM-induced liver injury by GSx depletion was associated with a concurrent sevenfold increase in hepatic CoASSG and a fourfold decrease in the ratio of CoASH to CoASSG, compounds presumably localized to mitochondria and a purported index of mitochondrial thiol/disulfide status. These results indicate that: (1) GSx depletion exacerbates BEC and hepatocellular injury induced by DAPM, and (2) the mechanism by which DAPM causes liver injury is likely different from that of the classic bile duct toxicant, ANIT.
Effect of Insect Damage on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Sericea Lespedeza Forage (1991)

Variations in the seasonal abundance of phytophagous foliage-inhabiting insects were examined in sericea lespedeza ( Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don) during the second growth cycle in 1986 and 1987 and during the first and second growth cycles in 1988. Predominant insect defoliators were grasshoppers and lepidopterous caterpillars, primarily Plathypena scabra (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Predominant sap-feeding taxa were the membracid Spissistilus festinus (Say); plant bugs, primarily Lygus lineolam (Palisot de Beauvois); aphids, primarily Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); and a number of species of cicadellid leafhoppers and pentatomid stink bugs. Grasshoppers, aphids, and plant bugs were most abundant during the first cutting, whereas S. festinus , leafhoppers, and all Lepidoptera were most abundant during the second cutting. Grasshoppers, P. scabra , and total Lepidoptera typically were more abundant in low-tannin than in high-tannin cultivars, but population densities of sap-feeding insects were not associated with the tannin concentrations in sericea lespedeza cultivars. Comparison of insecticide-treated and untreated plots revealed that P. scabra caused extensive defoliation in August and September before the second cutting. No other taxa of herbivorous insects caused significant damage to sericea lespedeza. Defoliation by P. scabra reduced stem height, leaf number per stem, and leaf and stem dry weight but had little effect on forage crude protein and acid detergent fiber content. Yield loss was significant when peak densities of P. scabra were ≥2 larvae per sweep. Peak densities of about four larvae per sweep in 1986 reduced leaf dry weight by 75% and total forage yield by about 40%. However, substantial yield losses were avoided by harvesting early.
GENOMES, MULTIPLE ORIGINS, AND LINEAGE RECOMBINATION IN THE GLYCINE TOMENTELLA (LEGUMINOSAE) POLYPLOID COMPLEX: HISTONE H3-D GENE SEQUENCES (2002)

Relationships among the various diploid and polyploid taxa that comprise Glycine tomentella have been hypothesized from crossing studies, isozyme data, and repeat length variation for the 5S nuclear ribosomal gene loci. However, several key questions have persisted, and detailed phylogenetic evidence from homoeologous nuclear genes has been lacking. The histone H3-D locus is single copy in diploid Glycine species and has been used to elucidate relationships among diploid races of G. tomentella, providing a framework for testing genome origins in the polyploid complex. For all six G. tomentella polyploid races (T1-T6), alleles at two homoeologous histone H3-D loci were isolated and analyzed phylogenetically with alleles from diploid Glycine species, permitting the identification of all of the homoeologous genomes of the complex. Allele networks were constructed to subdivide groups of homoeologous alleles further, and two-locus genotypes were constructed using these allele classes. Results suggest that some races have more than one origin and that interfertility within races has led to lineage recombination. Most alleles in polyploids are identical or closely related to alleles in diploids, suggesting recency of polyploid origins and spread beyond Australia. These features parallel the other component of the Glycine subgenus Glycine polyploid complex, G. tabacina, one of whose races shares a diploid genome with a G. tomentella polyploid race.
Structured flooding search in Chord overlays (2009)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for an effective flooding procedure with reduced cost in a DHT based P2P network. We describe techniques of flooding and replication that exploit structural constraints to achieve low overhead and higher reliability. These techniques can help to support complex queries in mobile distributed environments with better performance.
Amyloidosis of the shoulder in patients on chronic hemodialysis: sonographic findings. (1996)

Sonographic findings associated with amyloidosis of the shoulder include thickening of the rotator cuff, the synovial sheath of the long head of the biceps tendon, and the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa and the presence of nodules within or around the joint. Shoulder sonography may be useful as a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of dialysis-related amyloidosis in the proper clinical setting.
Phosphorheterocyclen aus 2‐Mercaptophenol (1985)

Abstract Phosphortrihalogenide reagieren mit 2‐Mercaptophenolen 1 zu 2‐Halogenbenzo‐1,3,2‐oxathiaphospholenen 2 , die bei weiterer Umsetzung mit Alkoholen, Phenolen, Thiophenol und sekundären Aminen die 2‐substituierten Benzo‐1,3,2‐oxathiaphospholene 3 ergeben. Phosphorpentachlorid reagiert mit 2‐Mercaptophenolen unter schrittweiser Substitution der Chloratome zu den pentakoordinierten Phosphorverbindungen 4 , 5 und 6 , 4 kann ebenfalls durch Chlorierung von 2 erhalten werden.
Identification of Noncanonical Melanoma-Associated T Cell Epitopes for Cancer Immunotherapy (2005)

The identification of tumor-associated T cell epitopes has contributed significantly to the understanding of the interrelationship of tumor and immune system and is instrumental in the development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer. Most of the known epitopes have been identified with prediction algorithms that compute the potential capacity of a peptide to bind to HLA class I molecules. However, naturally expressed T cell epitopes need not necessarily be strong HLA binders. To overcome this limitation of the available prediction algorithms we established a strategy for the identification of T cell epitopes that include suboptimal HLA binders. To this end, an artificial neural network was developed that predicts HLA-binding peptides in protein sequences by taking the entire sequence context into consideration rather than computing the sum of the contribution of the individual amino acids. Using this algorithm, we predicted seven HLA A*0201-restricted potential T cell epitopes from known melanoma-associated Ags that do not conform to the canonical anchor motif for this HLA molecule. All seven epitopes were validated as T cell epitopes and three as naturally processed by melanoma tumor cells. T cells for four of the new epitopes were found at elevated frequencies in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients. Modification of the peptides to the canonical sequence motifs led to improved HLA binding and to improved capacity to stimulate T cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of Diazines and Pyridines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.