gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-<i>Candida</i>Drugs — The Biochemical Basis for Their Activity (1987)

The past years have seen a continuous effort toward the synthesis of new antifungal agents. Most of them belong to the N-substituted imidazoles and triazoles. Another interesting series of antifungals are the allylamines. Biochemically, both the azole derivatives and the allylamines belong to the class of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors and thus differ from the polyene macrolide antibiotics. Indeed, it is now believed that the antifungal action of the polyenes, nystatin and amphotericin B, is due to a direct interaction with ergosterol itself. A more detailed analysis of the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors revealed that ergosterol depletion is the consequence of the interaction of the azole derivatives, e.g., miconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, with the cytochrome P-450 involved in the 14 alpha-demethylation of lanosterol. Both the accumulation of 14 alpha-methylsterols and the concomitant decreased ergosterol content affect the membranes and membrane-bound enzymes of yeast and fungi. The allylamines seem to act by inhibition of the squalene epoxidase resulting in ergosterol depletion and accumulation of squalene. The target for the fluorinated pyrimidine, flucytosine, is completely different. Its antifungal properties may result from its conversion to 5-fluorouracil. The latter is then phosphorylated and incorporated into RNA, thus disrupting the protein synthesis in the yeast cell. These different biochemical targets for the antifungals of use in candidosis are discussed in this paper.
Cycloartane Triterpenoids from<i>Cassia occidentalis</i> (2012)

A phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Cassia occidentalis led to the isolation of two new cycloartane triterpenoids, cycloccidentalic acids A and B (1 and 2), and five new related saponins, cycloccidentalisides I-V (3-7), together with sixteen known compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and chemical methods. Compounds 2 and 5 showed modest anti-HIV-1 activities with EC₅₀ values of 2.23 µM and 4.36 µM, respectively, in comparison to the positive control.
THE TRADITIONAL MARKET AND THE SUSTAINABILITY MARKET: IS THE PERFECT MARKET SUSTAINABLE? (2001)

The central question addressed in this paper is Is the PerfectMarket Sustainable?. It is shown by means of a simple desirablemarket model that the perfect market is not sustainable because it isbased on maximization principles(production, consumption, andmarket price). This desirable framework is also used to describe thecharacteristics of other possible types of traditional markets. Besidesthe above, it is shown by means of a simple optimal market model thatonly the perfect sustainability market is sustainable because it isdriven by optimal forces (production, consumption, and market price).The optimal market structure is also used to describe thecharacteristics of other possible types of sustainability markets.Finally, some very important conclusions are provided
Evaluation of Four Automated Protocols for Extraction of DNA from FTA Cards (2013)

Extraction of DNA using magnetic bead-based techniques on automated DNA extraction instruments provides a fast, reliable, and reproducible method for DNA extraction from various matrices. Here, we have compared the yield and quality of DNA extracted from FTA cards using four automated extraction protocols on three different instruments. The extraction processes were repeated up to six times with the same pieces of FTA cards. The sample material on the FTA cards was either blood or buccal cells. With the QIAamp DNA Investigator and QIAsymphony DNA Investigator kits, it was possible to extract DNA from the FTA cards in all six rounds of extractions in sufficient amount and quality to obtain complete short tandem repeat (STR) profiles on a QIAcube and a QIAsymphony SP. With the PrepFiler Express kit, almost all the extractable DNA was extracted in the first two rounds of extractions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it was possible to successfully extract sufficient DNA for STR profiling from previously processed FTA card pieces that had been stored at 4 °C for up to 1 year. This showed that rare or precious FTA card samples may be saved for future analyses even though some DNA was already extracted from the FTA cards.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component A from<i>Eisenia fetida</i> (2000)

Earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component A, a protein which functions both as a direct fibrinolytic enzyme and a plasminogen activator, was purified from the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Diffraction-quality single crystals of the protein were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique with ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 40.6, b = 127.5, c = 129.2 A and three molecules per asymmetric unit. The data set reached a resolution of 1.95 A.
Polymer-Assisted Crystallization and Optical Properties of Uniform Microrods of Organic Dye Sudan II (2009)

The self-assembly of uniform single-crystalline microrods of organic dye Sudan II (1-(2,4- dimethylphenyl-azo)-2-naphthol) in solution was achieved by reprecipitation with the assistance of amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic F127. It was found that the formation of F127 micelles was favorable for the production of uniform Sudan II microrods whereas individual F127 molecules favored the formation of Sudan II fibers. The optical absorption and fluorescence emission properties of the uniform microrods were characterized, and the time-dependent spectra of the precipitating solution for microrod formation were measured to monitor the self-assembly process of Sudan II molecules. The Sudan II microrods exhibited intense fluorescence emission, indicating an unusual aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon for Sudan II. The fluorescent microscopy investigation suggested that the obtained Sudan II microrods exhibited remarkable optical waveguide behavior, which is expected to serve as single rod active optical waveguides that can be used as building blocks for miniaturized photonic devices. Furthermore, novel Sudan II microplates, which exhibited interesting 2D optical waveguide behavior, were readily obtained by reprecipitation of Sudan II from cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution.
In vivo expression of the lacY gene in two segments leads to functional lac permease. (1990)

The lacY gene of Escherichia coli was cut into two approximately equal-size fragments with Afl II and subcloned individually or together under separate lac operator/promoters in plasmid pT7-5. Under these conditions, lac permease is expressed in two portions: (i) the N-terminal portion (the N terminus, the first six putative transmembrane helices, and most of putative loop 7) and (ii) the C-terminal portion (the last six putative transmembrane helices and the C terminus). Cells harboring pT7-5 encoding both fragments transport lactose at about 30% the rate of cells expressing intact permease to a comparable steady-state level of accumulation. In contrast, cells expressing either half of the permease independently do not transport lactose. As judged by [35S]methionine labeling and immunoblotting, intact permease is completely absent from the membrane of cells expressing lacY fragments either individually or together. Thus, transport activity must result from an association between independently synthesized pieces of lac permease. When the gene fragments are expressed individually, the N-terminal portion of the permease is observed inconsistently, and the C-terminal portion is not observed. When the gene fragments are expressed together, polypeptides identified as the N- and C-terminal moieties of the permease are found in the membrane. It is concluded that the N- or C-terminal halves of lac permease are proteolyzed when synthesized independently and that association between the two complementing polypeptides leads to a more stable, catalytically active complex.
Type I Pseudohypoaldosteronism Includes Two Clinically and Genetically Distinct Entities with either Renal or Multiple Target Organ Defects (1991)

Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a hereditary disease characterized by salt wasting resulting from target organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. We have studied two kindreds including a total of nine patients with PHA. In kindred I, the propositus presented with renal salt wasting in infancy (vomiting, failure to thrive, short stature, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia) and responded dramatically to a high salt diet (2.5 g/day). Sodium supplementation was discontinued at the age of two. In seven additional family members from three generations, clinical expression of PHA varied from asymptomatic to moderate. In affected members (propositus, mother, and two brothers), hyperaldosteronism persisted over 13 yr; however, the PRA decreased gradually to near normal values. Persistent hyperaldosteronism in the face of a decrease in PRA indicated the development of tertiary hyperaldosteronism due to autonomously functioning zona glomerulosa. The pedigree was consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission with variable expression. In kindred II, the propositus, who was the product of a consanguineous marriage, developed severe renal salt losing at age 9 days. She had also increased salivary and sweat electrolytes consistent with PHA resulting from multiple organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. Life threatening episodes of salt wasting recurred beyond the age of 2 yr. At 5 yr of age she still requires high amounts of salt supplements (14 g/day). A sister died at 9 days of age with PHA symptoms. Six close relatives (parents, three siblings, maternal uncle) showed no biochemical abnormalities. This pedigree was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. In view of the findings on these two kindreds and the analysis of those in the literature, we conclude that type I PHA includes two clinically and genetically distinct entities with either renal or multiple target organ defects.
Optimal economic dispatch for renewable energy microgrids with hybrid storage using Model Predictive Control (2013)

The transition from the current power system to a renewable energy-based smart grid will require of smaller units for managing the random aspects between the generation sources and load demand. The introduction of energy storage systems inside microgrids brings the opportunity to decide the optimal moment to purchase or sale energy to the grid. The use of different energy storage systems gives the chance to take the advantages of each system minimizing the disadvantages.In this paper a long term scheduling optimization of a gridconnected renewable energy microgrid (μG) with hybrid energy storage is designed and evaluated. Management is performed using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to maximize the economical benefit of the microgrid while minimizing the use cost of each storage system. Several concepts as lifetime cost, degradation cost, start up/off cost and operation and maintenance (o&m) cost of the hybrid energy storage system are included. In order to model both continuous/discrete dynamics and switching between different operating conditions, the plant is modeled with the framework of Mixed Logic Dynamic (MLD). Taking into account the presence of integer variables the MPC problem is solved as MIQP (Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming).
Conductance of MOS transistors in saturation (1968)

The output conductance of MOS transistors operating in the saturation region is studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple physical model is described which accounts for the modification of the electric field in the drain depletion region near the Si-SiO 2 interface, due to the presence of the gate electrode. The saturation conductance is shown on the basis of this model to be a sensitive function of the oxide thickness as well as the substrate impurity concentration. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment over a wide range of device parameters. The characteristics of lowly doped very-short-channel devices, which depart from this theory, are also discussed. The departure is shown to be due to a punch-through-type phenomenon.
Cloud computing: Security threats &amp; control strategy using tri-mechanism (2014)

Cloud Computing is an evolving technology because of it reduced capital expenditure, maintenance and provides dynamic resource pooling, virtualization, on demand service & high availability. Cloud computing has been envisioned as a next generation architecture of IT Industries. Security & privacy is the major hurdle in the cloud environment because of its open and distributed architecture. This paper explores the cloud security threats and also discusses the existing security approaches to secure the cloud environment. In this paper we also proposed a novel Tri-mechanism for cloud security against data breach which provide all around security to the cloud architecture.
Growth stress in tungsten carbide-diamond-like carbon coatings (2009)

Growth stress in tungsten carbide-diamond-like carbon coatings, sputter deposited in a reactive argon/acetylene plasma, has been studied as a function of the acetylene partial pressure. Stress and microstructure have been investigated by wafer curvature and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) whereas composition and energy distribution functions of positive ions were obtained by electron probe microanalyzer, elastic recoil detection analysis, and mass-energy analyzer (MEA). It has been observed that the compressive stress decreases with increasing acetylene partial pressure, showing an abrupt change from −5.0 to −1.6 GPa at an acetylene partial pressure of 0.012 Pa. TEM micrographs show that by increasing the acetylene partial pressure in the plasma from 0 to 0.012 Pa, the microstructure of the coating changes from polycrystalline to amorphous. MEA results show that the most probable energy of positive ions bombarding the substrate during deposition in pure argon and argon/acetylene atmosphere is the same. Based on the results, it is concluded that the huge variation in the compressive stress at low acetylene partial pressures is due to a change in the microstructure of the coating from polycrystalline to amorphous and not to the energy of positive ions bombarding the film.
Diet in Relation to Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Greece (2002)

The risk of endometrial cancer is positively associated with obesity, but the role of specific nutrients remains unclear. Given the distinct characteristics of the Greek diet and the low incidence of this form of cancer among Greek women, we undertook a case-control study to investigate the association of endometrial cancer with food groups and micronutrients. Cases were 84 women with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer and controls were 84 women with intact uterus admitted to the same teaching hospital in Athens, Greece. Consumption of pulses, nuts, and seeds was significantly inversely related to the risk for endometrial cancer. No other significant association with food groups was detected, although a protective effect of added lipids, which in the Greek diet are primarily represented by olive oil, was highly suggestive. Retinol, nicotinic acid, vitamin B- 6, and riboflavin were inversely associated with the disease. These findings need to be replicated, because this was a relatively small study with the statistical power to detect only strong associations between cases and controls; they appear, however, to support a role of diet in the etiology of endometrial cancer.
Unity power factor operation for 3-phase induction motors (2002)

This paper describes the possibility of unity power factor operation for three-phase induction motors. The basic idea is to use static reactive power compensation (SVC) with a double-stator winding three-phase induction motor to provide such operation. The compensator consists of a three-phase pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter connected to either a self or independently controlled DC bus. The voltage-source PWM inverter is connected to one set of the stator windings of the induction machine, while the other set is connected directly to the supply. The system has been studied theoretically and implemented using a shunt and a series type SVC. A microcontroller-based system has been tested in the laboratory to evaluate the motor performance.
Folded Finite-Ground-Width CPW Quarter-Wave Stepped Impedance Resonator Filters (2007)

This paper proposes two new types of folded finite- ground-width CPW lambda/4 stepped impedance resonators (SIRs). The newly proposed CPW lambda/4 SIRs are much shorter than the conventional CPW lambda/4 SIR. Comparing to the multifold CPW lambda/4 UIR, the proposed resonators show much higher first spurious resonant frequency. Filters implemented with these newly proposed CPW lambda/4 SIRs depict not only a small size but also a high spurious passband frequency. Besides, similar to that of multifold CPW lambda/4 UIR filters, the proposed folded CPW lambda/4 SIR filters can be easily configured as a cascade quadruplet (CQ) or a cascade tri-section (CT) filter. Several filters are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed CPW lambda/4 SIRs.
A recursive terrain height correlation system using multiple model estimation techniques (1982)

This paper describes the results of an investigation of the performance capabilities of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based recursive terrain correlation system proposed for low-altitude helicopter navigation. The major disadvantage of this concept is its sensitivity to initial position error. One method for reducing this sensitivity involves the use of multiple model estimation techniques. In the multiple model approach, a bank of identical EKFs, each of which is initialized at a different point in the a priori uncertainty basket, is employed to ensure that one filter is initialized near the true aircraft position. In this manner, the probability of filter convergence is increased substantially, leading to improved navigation performance.
Spinal Cord Injury and Vitamin D Metabolism (1993)

"Spinal Cord Injury and Vitamin D Metabolism." The Journal of The American Paraplegia Society, 16(1), pp. 1–2
Mycorrhizal Species, Root Age, and Position of Mycorrhizal Inoculum Influence Colonization of Cotton, Onion, and Pepper Seedlings (1990)

The length of time required for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) colonization, the effect of root age, and the position of VAM inoculum with respect to the root system were tested on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Colonization of onion by Glomus deserticola began 3 days after inoculation and reached 50% of the total root length after 21 days. Colonization by G. mosseae and G. intraradices began after 12 days and attained 15% and 37%, respectively, after 21 days. In cotton, colonization with G. deserticola and G. intraradices began 12 days following inoculation and increased to 20% and 18%, respectively, after 21 days. Colonization of cotton by G. mosseae was poor. In pepper, colonization with G. deserticola, G. mosseae, and G. intraradices began 3, 6, and 6 days after inoculation and, after 21 days, reached 60%, 13%, and 10%, respectively. In a second experiment, rapid colonization by G. deserticola took place in 3-day-old onion seedlings and increased to 51% 3 days after inoculation. Ten- and 17-day-old seedlings were far less responsive to VAM colonization but became highly infected at 30 days when new roots were produced. In a third experiment, inoculum placement 3 cm below seeds at planting in the field was the most effective for promoting colonization of cotton and onion by VAM. In fumigated field soil, mycorrhizae increased cotton growth an average of 28% when inoculum was applied below seeds compared to one- or two-sided band applications. Even in nonfumigated field soil, inoculum placed 3 cm below the seed and inoculum placed in a band at one side 2 weeks after planting significantly increased cotton growth. In onion, mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth in fumigated soil when it was placed below the seed, but did not stimulate growth in nonfumigated soil.
Infrared video camera at 10 μm (1979)

A new IR video camera operating between 8 microm and 14 microm is described. The thermooptical properties of a liquid crystal film are used. The image is obtained with a scanning polarimeter and visualized on a TV screen. The surface of the human body can be visualized with a 0.1-sec response time.
An energy-efficient compressive sensing framework incorporating online dictionary learning for long-term wireless health monitoring (2016)

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is emerging in the mobile healthcare area to replace the traditional wire-connected monitoring devices. As wireless data transmission dominates power cost of sensor nodes, it is beneficial to reduce the data size without much information loss. Compressive sensing (CS) is a perfect candidate to achieve this goal compared to existing compression techniques. In this paper, we proposed a general framework that utilize CS and online dictionary learning (ODL) together. The learned dictionary carries individual characteristics of the original signal, under which the signal has an even sparser representation compared to pre-determined dictionaries. As a consequence, the compression ratio is effectively improved by 2-4× comparing to prior works. Besides, the proposed framework offloads pre-processing from sensor nodes to the server node prior to dictionary learning, providing further reduction in hardware costs. As it is data driven, the proposed framework has the potential to be used with a wide range of physiological signals.
Estrogen and Progestin, Lipoprotein(a), and the Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease Events After Menopause (2000)

Our data suggest that Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for recurrent CHD in postmenopausal women and that treatment with estrogen and progestin lowers Lp(a) levels. Estrogen and progestin therapy appears to have a more favorable effect (relative to placebo) in women with high initial Lp(a) levels than in women with low levels. This apparent interaction needs confirmation in other trials.
The 1987 estimate of undiscovered uranium endowment in solution-collapse breccia pipes in the Grand Canyon region of northern Arizona and adjacent Utah (1990)

This book is based on a new method published in U.S. Geological Survey Circular 994 and is the second assessment made in accordance with the 1984 Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Department of Energy. The first estimate was published as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-2. The endowment estimates are reported for 26 areas in the following 1{degrees} {times} 2{degrees} guadrangles: Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon, Williams, Flagstaff, Prescott, Holbrook, and St. Johns, Ariz., and Cedar City, Utah. The total uranium endowment is about eight times larger than reported in 1980 by the Department of Energy. The Grand Canyon region has the potential of becoming the second most important domestic uranium producer after the most production San Juan Basin uranium region in New Mexico.