gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signed Binary Representations Revisited. (2004)

Abstract. The most common method for computing exponentiation of random elements in Abelian groups are sliding window schemes, which enhance the efficiency of the binary method at the expense of some precomputation. In groups where inversion is easy (e.g. elliptic curves), signed representations of the exponent are meaningful because they decrease the amount of required precomputation. The asymptotic best signed method is wNAF, because it minimizes the precomputation effort whilst the non-zero density is nearly optimal. Unfortunately, wNAF can be computed only from the least significant bit, i.e. right-to-left. However, in connection with memory constraint devices left-to-right recoding schemes are by far more valuable. In this paper we define the MOF (Mutual Opposite Form), a new canonical representation of signed binary strings, which can be computed in any order. Therefore we obtain the first left-to-right signed exponentrecoding scheme for general width w by applying the width w sliding window conversion on MOF left-to-right. Moreover, the analogue rightto-left conversion on MOF yields wNAF, which indicates that the new class is the natural left-to-right analogue to the useful wNAF. Indeed, the new class inherits the outstanding properties of wNAF, namely the required precomputation and the achieved non-zero density are exactly the same.
Evidence for the Ancestral Origin of Group I Introns in the SSUrDNA of <i>Naegleria</i> spp. (1994)

The sequence variation within the group I intron in five Naegleria spp. was studied and compared with the sequence variation within the flanking small subunit ribosomal DNA. Considerable sequence divergence was observed in the introns as well as in the rDNA. In the intron deletions and insertions are only detected in the sequence contributing to the secondary structure, not in the open reading frame. Most of the sequence variation is detected in the unpaired loops. In the case of nucleotide substitution in helices, compensating base pair changes were observed. The sequence variation does not induce variation in the secondary structure model. The phylogenetic tree based on the intron sequences is similar to the tree based on the flanking rDNA sequences. This observation indicates that the intron might have been acquired at an early stage in evolution, and lost in the majority of Naegleria spp.
Dinamap fails to detect hypotension in very low birthweight infants. (1986)

The accuracy of blood pressure measurements obtained from very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) neonates using the Dinamap oscillometric monitor was investigated. Comparisons using umbilical artery measurements showed that the monitor is less reliable in the lower pressure range and specifically that it tends to overestimate pressure in hypotensive infants.
The improved burst mode in the stand-by operation of power supply (2004)

SMPS losses consist of switching loss, conduction loss, and core loss. In case of a light load the switching loss takes the most things in SMPS, and then the max currents should be limited to decrease audible noise. Consequently, to increase the efficiency of the SMPS at light load, the tow switching frequency and the current limit of the SMPS have the good effect for low power consumption. This paper describes an improved burst mode operation. It shows how to implement the burst mode through the feedback pin without additional parts in SMPS device.
Antioxidant Activity of Maslinic Acid, a Triterpene Derivative Obtained from<i>Olea europaea</i> (2003)

We investigated the effect of maslinic acid (a triterpene derivative obtained from olive pomace), on the susceptibility of plasma or hepatocyte membranes to lipid peroxidation (LPO), induced respectively by the hydroxyl radical (OH*) generated by Fe2+/H2O2 ex vivo and by the system Fe3+/ascorbate in vitro; moreover, three groups of animals used in the plasma study were pretreated with CCl4 (to generate CCl3-*). Endogenous plasma lipoperoxide levels and susceptibility to LPO were decreased in rats treated with maslinic acid, after exposure to OH* by Fe2+/H2O2 (Fenton reaction). Co-incubation with maslinic acid prevented hepatocyte membrane LPO as shown by the reduction of TBARS. In conclusion, maslinic acid may offer some advantages in the resistance of oxidative stress in the animals.
Computation of residual statics in complex geological areas using simulated annealing method based on minimization of objective function (2018)

Complex geological areas having large source and receiver residual statics issues due to high contamination of noise in the seismic data, can be resolved using the simulated annealing approach. Conventional techniques are not robust enough to resolve the residual statics correction problems, thus resulting in poor image quality of seismic reflection data. This paper presents the simulated annealing method, a nonlinear technique for objective function minimization based on the problems of random sampling. The pre-stack seismic data in complex geological conditions with intense noise contamination is used, where the other linear inversion methods are ineffective and failed to produce good quality stack image. The molecular dynamics simulation method using the simulated annealing approach to minimize the objective function has successfully resolved the issue of cycle skipping/lack of reflector continuity. It is an iterative process with varying sequence of parameters within each iteration, which requires high computation power and long run time to minimize the large magnitude of reflection statics values. This method is applied on a very complex area of Baluchistan basin, Pakistan.
Separation and Purification of Porcine Bone Morphogenetic Protein (1988)

Porcine bone morphogenetic protein (pBMP) was separated and purified from porcine bone by repeated solubilization and precipitation of the protein with different concentrations of urea and GuHCl. The molecular weight of pBMP was determined to be 19.7 k. The property of inductive osteogenesis of pBMP caused new bone formation in muscular and subcutaneous tissues of strain No. 615 mice. Osteoid tissues were observed as early as ten days after implantation of pBMP, and lamellated new bones with marrow cavities were first found on the 15th day of implantation. A gradual transformation of mesenchymal-type cells into active chondroblasts and osteoblasts and finally into heterotopic new bone was observed and studied histologically and ultrastructurally.
OVERVIEW OF EXPERIENCES WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR MALIGNANCY IN 192 PATIENTS (1987)

Abstract From April 1982 to April 1986 we used photodynamic therapy to treat 192 patients with various malignancies. In all, 172 injections of hematoporphyrin derivative and 135 injections of dihematoporphyrin ether were made intravenously to sensitize the tumors; 684 photodynamic treatments were given using a tunable dye argon laser system for the light source. The technical problems of the light source and delivery systems are presented and the efficacy of therapy is analyzed.
Speech Animation Based on Chinese Mandarin Triphone Model (2007)

Based on the previous researches on Chinese mandarin triphone model and co-articulation, a context-dependent visual speech co-articulation model is proposed in this paper. Our presented model focuses on the visual effect of Chinese mandarin co- articulation. In order to get the key synthesized lip shapes in continuous speech, the rule set of the visual speech co-articulation is constructed and the phones' corresponding visemes weights are calculated by the quantized rule set. We synthesize a sequence of phones' corresponding lip shapes by using our muscle- based facial model. To produce realistic speech animation, a learning-based approach is used to acquire optimal synthesized transition lip shapes between two phones from all possible selections.
Z-DNA crystallography (1997)

We review the effect of sequence on the structure of left-handed Z-DNA in single crystals. The various substituent groups that define a nucleotide base as guanine, cytosine,thymine, or adenine affect both the DNA conformation and the organization of solvent around the duplex. These are discussed in terms of their effect on the ability of sequences to adopt the unusual Z-DNA structure. In addition, the experimental and theoretical methods used to treat DNA hydration are discussed as they relate to the stability of Z-DNA . Finally, we argue that Z-DNA , as defined by the crystal conformation, is sufficient in itself to account for the physical properties of left-handed conformations observed in polymers and in genomic sequences
A method of signal processing in a TWS information processing system (2002)

A method of signal processing in an airborne TWS (Tracking While Scan) information processing system is presented in this paper. The dual-threshold-detection method is proposed which will considerably reduce the number of samples requiring to store without reducing the detection performance and parametric estimation accuracy of targets. The distributed parallel processor architecture of three computers is adopted which makes the functions of the system including signal processing programmable. The results obtained from experiments for the system in laboratory environment show that higher detection probability and lower false-alarm probability are achieved with this algorithm of signal processing, and the whole system can work well in real time which is guaranteed by the architecture designed. The accuracy of parametric estimation and the performance of detection are satisfied for the demands of multiple target tracking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sulfide in surface waters of the western Atlantic Ocean (1988)

Using newly developed techniques, some preliminary data on hydrogen sulfide in surface waters of the western Atlantic have been obtained. Concentrations of total sulfide range from <0.1 to 1.1 nmol/L, and vary on a diel basis. At these concentrations, sulfide may affect the cycling of several trace metals via the formation of stable complexes. Production of sulfide in oxygenated seawater may occur through the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide or by sulfate reduction within macroscopic particles in the water column. Removal mechanisms can include oxidation, complexation with particulate trace metals, and metal sulfide precipitation. However, the temporal and spatial distributions suggest a complex set of processes governing the behavior of sulfide in the surface ocean.
Survival of Lactobacillus plantarum 44a after spraying and drying in feed and during exposure to gastrointestinal tract fluids in vitro (2005)

A good probiotic strain should be able to survive the conditions of handling and storage to be delivered in high concentration to the host. That is especially important when stressful conditions are prevalent in the carrier, for instance in low water content foods like animal feed. The aim of this research was to study the survival of the probiotic candidate Lactobacillus plantarum 44a after spraying and drying in feed, and during storage and exposure to gastrointestinal tract fluids in vitro. In addition, the viability of the strain during exposure to distilled water and 2% NaCl was studied. Feed was sprayed with a suspension of asymptotically equal to 2 x 10(10) CFU of L. plantarum 44a in 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% v/w of the feed and dried to constant weight (6% moisture) in a convective oven at 25 degrees C. L. plantarum 44a survived 14.67, 36, 51.86, 78.9 and 105.3% respectively in relation to the original % v/w of the feed. After 3 weeks of storage at 25 degrees C, survival was similarly low in all the treatments. L. plantarum 44a stored in feed containing 13% moisture, vacuum-packaged and stored in refrigeration, maintained high viability (approximately 100%) after 1 year of storage. Survival was not affected after feed-containing lactobacilli was exposed to gastrointestinal fluids in a simulation model. Viability of L. plantarum 44a as a cell suspension in PBS added directly to distilled water or distilled water with 2% NaCl was maintained up to 48 h; after 72 h, viability started to decline. It is concluded that L. plantarum 44a maintained high viability after being dried and stored in feed even after exposure to gastric and intestinal fluids in vitro.
Shoot dieback of lodgepole pine in Scotland caused by Ramichloridium pini (1994)

Abstract Research conducted on shoot dieback of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta , during the early 1980's in west Scotland is summarised. The dieback symptoms and their stages of development are described. Ramichloridium pini de Hoog and Rahman was regularly isolated from bark and xylem tissue of dieased shoots. Artificial inoculations established that this fungus was the cause of the disease.
Land use policy in the UK: The politics of control (1990)

Summary Although the land use planning system in England has a long history, planning in the countryside has failed. The concept of ‘directive planning’ is defined and the reasons for its absence explored. Mainly this is attributed to the non‐directive nature of English society and the state and the historical justification for this assertion is made. Recent trends in rural land use policy are then examined and the political principle of ‘voluntarism’ is analysed as a key element in explaining the nature of these policies.
Effects of the Atmosphere on Laser Beam Propagation (1967)

An experimental study of horizontal laser beam propagation over paths up to 145 km long was made in which beam diameter and shape, intensity fluctuations, and optical phase distortion were measured. It was found that (1) received beam diameter decreases (on-axis power density increases) with increasing transmitter aperture to a limit reached at an aperture of about 11 cm, (2) beam diameter varies as the 1.2 power of path length, (3) the amplitude of intensity fluctuations decreases with increasing receiver aperture and is nearly independent of path length for paths longer than 0.55 km, (4) the fluctuation spectrum shows a decrease in spectral power with increasing frequency, this negative slope becoming steeper with increasing receiver aperture and remaining constant with path length, and (5) rms fluctuation in phase path length was observed to be 0.25 micro over a 48.8-m path. In addition, it is shown that geometrical optics based on the effects of large scale atmospheric irregularities does not adequately account for signal intensity fluctuations. These results may be helpful in predicting the capability of specific communications systems and in understanding better the nature of atmospheric turbulence.
[Study on surface modification and biocompatibility of NiTi alloy intravascular stents]. (2006)

This paper introduces the surface modification of NiTi alloy intravascular stents for roughness by chemical erosion and plasma deposition technology. The stent which had been granulated with chemical erosion was treated with TiO2 film prepared with Gel-sol. The study on the biocompatibility of the modified stent by the above two ways shows that the modified stent is rougher, and its anticoagulation and hydrophilicity are improved. However, the capability of erosion resistance is not enhanced significantly.
Self-justified equilibria: Existence and computation (2018)

In this paper we introduce "self-justified" equilibrium as a solution concept in stochastic general equilibrium models with a large number of heterogeneous agents. In each period agents trade in assets to maximize the sum of current utility and forecasted future utility. Current prices ensure that markets clear and agents forecast the probability distribution of future prices and consumption on the basis of current endogenous variables and the current exogenous shock. The forecasts are self-justfied in the sense that agents use forecasting functions that are optimal within a given class of functions and that can be viewed as optimally trading o˙ the accuracy of the forecast and its complexity. We show that self-justified equilibria always exist and we develop a computational method to approximate them numerically. By restricting the complexity of agents' forecasts we can solve models with a very large number of heterogeneous agents. Errors can be directly interpreted.
Galvanometer scanning technology for laser additive manufacturing (2017)

A galvanometer laser beam scanning system is an essential element in many laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technologies including Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Understanding the laser beam scanning techniques and recent innovations in this field will greatly benefit the 3D laser printing system integration and technology advance. One of the challenges to achieve high quality 3D printed parts is due to the non-uniform laser power density delivered on the materials caused by the acceleration and deceleration movements of the galvanometer at ends of the hatching and outlining patterns. One way to solve this problem is to modulate the laser power as the function of the scanning speed during the acceleration or deceleration periods. Another strategy is to maintain the constant scanning speed while accurately coordinating the laser on and off operation throughout the job. In this paper, we demonstrate the high speed, high accuracy and low drift digital scanning technology that incorporates both techniques to achieve uniform laser density with minimal additional process development. With the constant scanning speed method, the scanner not only delivers high quality and uniform results, but also a throughput increase of 23% on a typical LAM job, compared to that of the conventional control method that requires galvanometer acceleration and deceleration movements.
Capacitor-charging power supply for laser pulsers using a boost circuit (1989)

A capacitor-charging circuit providing high-voltage gain, inherent command-charge capability, and high efficiency is proposed. It can be used in high average-power laser pulsers as well as in thyratron trigger-generator circuits at low-power levels. It offers simple and compact means of varying the charging voltage on a capacitor. Unlike conventional command-resonant chargers, where the cathode of the switch is floated at high potential, a high-voltage switch is not required in the charging path in the proposed scheme. Operation of this circuit is described at 5 kHz with a voltage gain of 20.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA ON GUAM, 1945–1972 (1975)

An overview of the epidemiologic studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia (PD) from 1945 through 1972 is presented. During this period 350 cases of ALS were documented. PD, which is apparently unique to the native Chamorro population, was not recognized during the early years of the study. A total of 213 PD patients have now been seen. The rates of both diseases have declined by approximately 50 per cent since 1965. In the early years incidence per 100,000 for ALS males approached 60; for females it was about 40. For PD males it was about 50; for females it was close to 20. The declines in both diseases have occurred in both sexes and at all age groups and no cohort phenomenon was observed. Marked geographic differences in the distribution of the diseases were observed with southern villages having the highest rates and western villages having the lowest rates; the remainder of the island was intermediate. Recent declines have been most marked in the southern high-rate villages. Chamorros living on the island of Rota have rates similar to those on Guam; those on Saipan have lower rates. A possible excess of ALS among Filipino residents ofGuam was noted; ALS has not been seen among other ethnic groups. Geographic mapping even in high incidence areas did not reveal true clusters or foci. Extensive case-control studies did not reveal any patterns of prior illness, life-style, or exposures distinguishing patients. A tendency for patients to be of somewhat lower socioeconomic level, have less education, eat more homegrown foods and raw meats, and more contact with animals was found. No Mendelian genetic patterns were observed; males were affected more frequently than female for both diseases. Cases did not occur before age 20, reached maximum frequency between ages 55 and 65 and there-after declined. Environmental factors associated with some aspects of the traditional way of life seem to be causally involved, but, since most aspects of the traditional life have changed in the past 50 years, the specific factors remain elusive.
A precise delay generator circuit using the average delay technique (2008)

In this paper, a precise delay generator circuit using the average delay technique is realized in 0.18-mum CMOS 1P6M technology. The proposed delay generator achieves a high resolution and programmable delay by using the average delay technique. Compared with conventional delay generators, the proposed circuit achieves a higher resolution, uses less power, and has a smaller footprint. The input frequency is 400 MHz and the resolution is 25 ps.
Hydrogenation (1981)

Abstract Hydrogenation of vegetable oils as it is practiced today is described as theory and process. Double bonds in the fatty acid portions of the oils are saturated with hydrogen and rearranged to produce many isomers during the process.
Design: Expressing experiences in design (1999)

Good design has always been concerned with the whole experience of interaction.
Potassium Channels in the Peripheral Microcirculation (2005)

Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, endothelial cells (EC), and pericytes that form the walls of vessels in the microcirculation express a diverse array of ion channels that play an important role in the function of these cells and the microcirculation in both health and disease. This brief review focuses on the K+ channels expressed in smooth muscle and endothelial cells in arterioles. Microvascular VSM cells express at least four different classes of K+ channels, including inward-rectifier K+ channels (Kin), ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv), and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa). VSM KIR participate in dilation induced by elevated extracellular K+ and may also be activated by C-type natriuretic peptide, a putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Vasodilators acting through cAMP or cGMP signaling pathways in VSM may open KATP, Kv, and BKCa, causing membrane hyperpolarization and vasodilation. VSMBKc. may also be activated by epoxides of arachidonic acid (EETs) identified as EDHF in some systems. Conversely, vasoconstrictors may close KATP, Kv, and BKCa through protein kinase C, Rho-kinase, or c-Src pathways and contribute to VSM depolarization and vasoconstriction. At the same time Kv and BKCa act in a negative feedback manner to limit depolarization and prevent vasospasm. Microvascular EC express at least 5 classes of K+ channels, including small (sKCa) and intermediate(IKCa) conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, Kin, KATP, and Kv. Both sK and IK are opened by endothelium-dependent vasodilators that increase EC intracellular Ca2+ to cause membrane hyper-polarization that may be conducted through myoendothelial gap junctions to hyperpolarize and relax arteriolar VSM. KIR may serve to amplify sKCa- and IKCa-induced hyperpolarization and allow active transmission of hyperpolarization along EC through gap junctions. EC KIR channels may also be opened by elevated extracellular K+ and participate in K+-induced vasodilation. EC KATP channels may be activated by vasodilators as in VSM. Kv channels may provide a negative feedback mechanism to limit depolarization in some endothelial cells.