gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Crossover in a 3,5‐Bis(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate‐Bridged Dinuclear Iron(II) Complex [{Fe(NCBH<sub>3</sub>)(py)}<sub>2</sub>(μ‐L<sup>1</sup>)<sub>2</sub>] – Powder versus Single Crystal Study (2012)

Abstract The structural characteristics and physical properties of the 3,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate ( L 1 ) bridged dinuclear iron(II) spin‐crossover complex [{Fe(NCBH 3 )(py)} 2 (μ‐ L 1 ) 2 ] ( 1 ) in both powder ( 1p ) and single crystal ( 1c ) forms have been investigated. Both forms of [{Fe(NCBH 3 )(py)} 2 (μ‐ L 1 ) 2 ] display a thermally induced spin transition; however, the transitions have different T 1/2 values and different degrees of spin conversion. Both forms display the photomagnetic light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (LIESST) effect as well as reverse LIESST and have been compared by Raman spectral and powder X‐ray diffraction methods, which indicate that they are polymorphs. The single crystal form 1c shows a “half” spin transition and has been further characterised at temperatures above and below the spin transition by low temperature crystallographic methods including single crystal LIESST experiments (at 40 K) and by Mössbauer spectroscopy; thus, the nature of the [HS‐LS] form and the different spin isomers were revealed. To complement the experimental results, compound 1 and several other related Fe II dinuclear spin‐crossover compounds have been evaluated by quantum‐chemical DFT calculations. Additionally, the susceptibilities for the powder form 1p , which displays a complete two‐step spin‐crossover, were also fitted to a phenomenological model for dinuclear spin‐crossover complexes.
From Mitotic Mechanism to New Cancer Drugs (2006)

One effective way to treat cancer is to poison cell division. Current chemotherapy drugs in this class (taxanes and vinca alkaloids) block microtubule dynamics. While effective in some cancers, these drugs cause toxicity to neurons and normal dividing cells. Small molecule inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 were found by phenotypic screening, and improved by pharmaceutical companies. They hold promise as cell division drugs that do not harm neurons. The immediate challenge with Eg5 inhibitors is to understand how inhibition of the target causes cancer cells to die, and thus learn how best to use these drugs in the clinic. Genome‐wide RNAi screening is revealing new druggable targets in cell division. The larger challenge is to find targets, and design drugs, that kill dividing cancer cells while sparing not only non‐dividing neurons, but also dividing normal stem cells.
Interaction of Autologous Complement with Red Cells in the Absence of Antibody. (1964)

The molecular interaction between complement and red cells has been analyzed in autologous human systems. Instead of anti-red cell antibody, polyethylene glycol was used as a non-specific sensitizer. It was found that as a result of complement-cell membrane interaction, certain complement components form a direct and firm link with membrane receptors. Polyethylene glycol mediates the action of complement on cells apparently through reversible aggregation of γ-globulin, Cell bound neuraminic acid seems to have a protective effect against the cytolytic action of complement. In the autologous system employed, significant uptake of complement and subsequent hemoly-sis occurred only after pre-treatment of the red cells with trypsin or neuraminidase.
Reduced Striatal Dopamine Transporter Density in Abstinent Methamphetamine and Methcathinone Users: Evidence from Positron Emission Tomography Studies with [<sup>11</sup>C]WIN-35,428 (1998)

Methamphetamine and methcathinone are psychostimulant drugs with high potential for abuse. In animals, methamphetamine and related drugs are known to damage brain dopamine (DA) neurons, and this damage has recently been shown to be detectable in living nonhuman primates by means of positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]WIN-35,428, a DA transporter (DAT) ligand. The present studies determined whether living humans with a history of methamphetamine or methcathinone abuse showed evidence of lasting decrements in brain DAT density. PET studies were performed in 10 control subjects, six abstinent methamphetamine users, four abstinent methcathinone users, and three patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). On average, subjects had abstained from amphetamine use for approximately 3 years. Before PET studies, all subjects underwent urine and blood toxicology screens to rule out recent drug use. Compared with controls, abstinent methamphetamine and methcathinone users had significant decreases in DAT density in the caudate nucleus (-23 and -24%, respectively) and putamen (-25 and -16%, respectively). Larger decreases in DAT density were evident in patients with PD (47 and 68% in caudate and putamen, respectively). Neither methamphetamine nor methcathinone users showed clinical signs of parkinsonism. Persistent reductions of DAT density in methamphetamine and methcathinone users are suggestive of loss of DAT or loss of DA terminals and raise the possibility that as these individuals age, they may be at increased risk for the development of parkinsonism or neuropsychiatric conditions in which brain DA neurons have been implicated.
KELP: a Kernel-based Learning Platform (2018)

KELP is a Java framework that enables fast and easy implementation of kernel functions over discrete data, such as strings, trees or graphs and their combination with standard vectorial kernels. Additionally, it provides several kernel- based algorithms, e.g., online and batch kernel machines for classification, regression and clustering, and a Java environment for easy implementation of new algorithms. KELP is a versatile toolkit, very appealing both to experts and practitioners of machine learning and Java language programming, who can find extensive documentation, tutorials and examples of increasing complexity on the accompanying website. Interestingly, KELP can be also used without any knowledge of Java programming through command line tools and JSON/XML interfaces enabling the declaration and instantiation of articulated learning models using simple templates. Finally, the extensive use of modularity and interfaces in KELP enables developers to easily extend it with their own kernels and algorithms.
Optical functions of chemical vapor deposited thin-film silicon determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (1993)

The optical functions of several forms of thin-film silicon (amorphous Si, fine-grain polycrystalline Si, and large-grain polycrystalline Si) grown on oxidized Si have been determined using 2-channel spectroscopic polarization modulation ellipsometry from 240 to 840 nm (∼1.5–5.2 eV). It is shown that the standard technique for simulating the optical functions of polycrystalline silicon (an effective medium consisting of crystalline Si, amorphous Si, and voids) does not fit the ellipsometry data.
The Instability of Power Sharing (2007)

2 Three models are presented in which two players agree to share power in a particular ratio, but either player may subsequently “fire ” at the other, as in a duel, to try to eliminate it. The players have positive probabilities of eliminating each other by firing. If neither is successful, the agreement stays in place; if one is successful, that player obtains all the power; if each eliminates the other, both players get nothing. In Model I, the game is played once, and in Model II it is repeated, with discounting of future payoffs. Although there are conditions under which each player would prefer not to shoot, satisfying these conditions for one player precludes satisfying them for the other, so at least one player will always have an incentive to shoot. In anticipation, its rival would prefer to shoot, too, so there will be a race to preempt. In Model III, a damage factor caused by shooting, whether successful or not, is introduced into Model II. This mitigates the incentive to shoot but does not eliminate it entirely. The application of the models to conflicts, especially civil wars, is discussed.
Intracellular imaging of organelles with new water-soluble benzophenoxazine dyes (2010)

Five new water-soluble derivatives of Nile Red 1-5 were prepared. These benzophenoxazine dyes fluoresce between 640 and 667 nm with quantum yields of 0.17-0.33 in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, and at slightly shorter wavelengths and higher quantum yields in EtOH. Two dyes, 3 and 4 permeated into Clone 9 cells and selectively stained mitochondria and golgi, respectively.
The Unfolded Protein Response: At the Intersection between Endoplasmic Reticulum Function and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics (2017)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria communication has emerged in recent years as a signaling hub regulating cellular physiology with a relevant contribution to diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. This functional integration is exerted through discrete interorganelle structures known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). At these domains, ER/mitochondria physically associate to dynamically adjust metabolic demands and the response to stress stimuli. Here, we provide a focused overview of how the ER shapes the function of the mitochondria, giving a special emphasis to the significance of local signaling of the unfolded protein response at MAMs. The implications to cell fate control and the progression of cancer are also discussed.
Novel Trimerization of Cyclopentadiene with a Homogeneous, Bifunctional Palladium‐Acid Catalyst System (1985)

Nearly total suppression of the dimerization and selective trimerization of cyclopentadiene is effected by a novel mixed catalyst formed from a palladium complex, a phosphane, and a carboxylic acid. The cyclopentene ring attached to the norbornane system of the trimers 1a, b is in the endo arrangement.
The behavior of different types of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses in the reparative scarring process of abdominal wall defects. (1997)

Currently one of the most widely used prosthetic materials in the repair of abdominal wall defects, is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). It has been suggested that its behavior with respect to the reparative process may depend on its structure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the structure of 3 ePTFE prostheses on the scarring process in an abdominal-wall-defect experimental model. The prostheses employed were the Soft Tissue Patch (STP) which is laminar in structure, Mycro Mesh (MM) which is multilaminar with perforations, and the Dual Mesh (DM) prosthesis which has one non-porous surface. Abdominal wall defects (7 x 5 cm) were created in 36 New Zealand rabbits and repaired using fragments of STP, MM and DM. Follow-up periods were 14, 30, 60 and 90 days post-implant. At these times prostheses were macroscopically examined for the presence of infection and/or rejection and the formation of adhesions to abdominal viscera. Specimens were also taken for microscopic analysis (optical and scanning electron) and for immunohistochemical analysis using the rabbit macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody RAM-11. Labelled macrophage counts were performed at each follow-up session. No cases of infection or rejection were found. Loose adhesions between prosthesis and underlying viscera were observed in 2 of the STP, 4 of the MM and 2 of the DM implants. STP and DM implants were progressively encapsulated by organized connective tissue on both peritoneal and subcutaneous surfaces. Cellular colonization was observed on both STP surfaces and on the porous surface of the DM although no more than a third of the biomaterial was penetrated by cells in either case. Colonization was very slight at prosthesis anchorage points. MM implants differed only in the formation of connective tissue bridges in perforated areas, and cellular infiltration in interlaminar spaces. Macrophage response was similar in the 3 prostheses with a reduction in RAM-11 labelled cells (p < 0.05) between 14 and 90 days post-implant. We conclude: a) the 3 types of PTFE prosthesis induced low incidence of adhesion formation between biomaterial and viscera; b) integration mechanism of the 3 prostheses were similar and culminated with the encapsulation of the PTFE by the neoformed tissue; c) the macrophage response induced by the 3 prostheses was similar to that of any reparative process in the absence of biomaterial.
Measurements of active myocardial tension under a wide range of physiological loading conditions (1997)

Active tension developed while cardiac muscle shortens has been studied extensively under afterloaded isotonic or isovelocity conditions. However, these are not true in vivo loading conditions. To obtain more physiological loading, we controlled sarcomere length to follow the time courses that we observed previously in a beating canine left ventricle. Sarcomere length was measured by laser diffraction in 12 rat cardiac trabeculae, superfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution (25 degrees C; [Ca] = 1.5 mM). Force was measured by a silicon strain gauge. Sarcomere length time courses were scaled slightly in time to account for temperature and species differences. We examined the relationships between active tension and sarcomere length under loading observed over a wide range of left ventricular preloads and afterloads, and at two sites. Under all loading conditions, active tension was not isotonic but declined steadily throughout the ejection period. While there were major differences in peak tension dependent on loading conditions and the incidence of 'pre-ejection' sarcomere shortening, these factors did not influence the relationship between sarcomere length and peak active tension. This study provides excellent illustrations of the potential differences in stress (1) within a ventricular wall, and (2) under different operating conditions. Moreover, it provides data for developing models of fiber contraction to be synthesized into a whole heart for predicting potential differences in stress at all sites and under all loading conditions.
Characterizations of A15 Phase Composition and $T_{c}$ for Internal-Sn $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Strands (2010)

Four sets of monoelementary (ME) and two kinds of multifilamentary (MF) internal-Sn Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated, in which various component ratios, different composite configurations, and some third-element additions were arranged. All strands were submitted to a first heat treatment (HT) of 210 °C/50 h + 340 °C/25 h for Cu-Sn mixing, followed by the A15 phase formation HT. The four ME strands were reacted at 675 °C, 700 °C, and 725 °C for 100 and 200 h, respectively, and the two MF strands at 650 °C, 675 °C, 700 °C, and 725 °C for 128 and 200 h, respectively. The analysis of the reacted strands comprised the A15 phase composition distribution by means of X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy and the critical temperature T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> by means of superconducting quantum interference device magnetization measurements. The obtained results indicate that, for sufficiently reacted internal-Sn Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn strands, the final A15 phase composition and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> are determined by the diffusion and solid reaction mechanism of the A15 phase formation. In particular, the onset T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> values and the average Sn content in a grain do not depend on the reaction temperature, the local compositions in the strand, the composite configuration arrangement, and the third-element addition.
Meisserite, Na5(UO2)(SO4) 3(SO3OH)(H2O), a new uranyl sulfatemineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA (2013)

Meisserite (IMA2013-039), Na5(UO2)(SO 4)3(SO3OH)(H2O), is a new
uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan
County, Utah (USA). It is named in honour of the prominent
Swiss mineralogist Nicolas Meisser. The new mineral was found
in a sandstone matrix and is associated with chalcanthite,
copiapite, ferrinatrite, gypsum, johannite and another new
Na-bearing uranyl sulfate, belakovskiite (IMA2013-075).
Meisserite is a secondary mineral formed by the post-mining
weathering of uraninite. The mineral is triclinic, P1, a =
5.32317(10), b = 11.5105(2), c = 13.5562(10) A, alpha =
102.864(7)°, beta = 97.414(7)°, gamma = 91.461(6)°, V =
801.74(6) A3, and Z = 2. Crystals are prisms elongated on
[100], up to 0.3 mm long, exhibiting the forms {010} and {001}.
Meisserite is pale green to yellowish green, translucent to
transparent and has a very pale yellow streak. It is brittle,
with fair cleavage on {100} and {001}, and uneven fracture. The
Mohs hardness is estimated at 2. Meisserite is somewhat
hygroscopic and easily soluble in water. The calculated density
based on the empirical formula is 3.208 g/cm3. Meisserite
exhibits bright yellow green fluorescence under both long- and
shortwave UV radiation. The mineral is optically biaxial (-),
with alpha = 1.514(1), beta = 1.546(1), gamma = 1.557(1)
(measured in white light). The measured 2V is 60(2)° and the
calculated 2V is 60°. The empirical formula of meisserite
(based on 19 O a.p.f.u.) is Na5.05(U 0.94O2)(SO4)3[SO2.69(OH)
1.31](H2O). The Raman spectrum is dominated by the symmetric
stretching vibrations of UO2+ 2, SO 2- 4 and also weaker O-H
stretching vibrations. The crystal structure of meisserite is
topologically unique among known structures of uranyl minerals
and inorganic compounds. It contains uranyl pentagonal
bipyramids linked by SO4 groups to form chains. Na+ cations
bond to O atoms in the chains and to an SO3OH group and an H2O
group between the chains, thereby forming a heteropolyhedral
framework.
Efficacy of aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide single-pill combinations in aliskiren non-responders (2008)

Aliskiren/HCT single-pill combinations provide clinically significant additional BP reductions and improved BP control rates over aliskiren alone in patients who are non-responsive to aliskiren 300 mg monotherapy.
Instrumenting Giant Piston Corers: A Decisive Step in Understanding the Coring Process and Interpreting Data (2013)

Giant piston corers were introduced to the marine geotechnical site investigations market towards the end of the nineties. Such corers are also used for scientific studies by research institutes as Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER). Cores were observed to show distortion or mismatches between core length and the position of the sample in the soil. The instrumentation of corer provides valuable information on the behaviour of the corer. The instrumentation also allows the correction of sample length to its true penetration. This paper: • Describes the instrumentation now permanently mounted on the STACOR® giant piston corer • Presents the installation of sensors, • Describes the data interpretation, • Provides some recommendations for extending this monitoring to other large gravity corers.
Riccati equation solution of the minimum time output control problem (1981)

By taking a geometrical approach, and by using a type of orthogonality in constructing bases for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> th controllable subspaces, a general solution is derived for the multivariable minimum time output control problem. The solution is easier to implement than solutions derived by traditional approaches to output control, and in fact it is shown that the optimal control sequence may be constructed from the solution to a specialized Riccati equation. This new approach thus relates geometrical approaches to the problem to the previously known result that output control is just a special case of the singular linear quadratic optimal control problem.
Recent Advances on Chiral Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C=C, C=N and C=O Bonds (2016)

The asymmetric hydrogenation of C=C, C=N and C=O bonds catalyzed by chiralligand modified transition metal complexes is a very important process for the organic synthesis and fine chemical production. </p> <p> A large number of hydrogenation chiral catalysts mainly based on transition metals such as rhodium, ruthenium and iridium have been successfully developed. </p> <p> Even though outstanding results have been achieved in this area, so far relatively few catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation have been applied to fine chemical industry [5-6]. Thus, many efforts are being made to rationally design highly active catalysts with a broad substrate scope. </p> <p> In the last few years, less expensive catalysts based on transition metals such as cobalt, copper, iron and palladium have afforded promising results. </p> <p> This review reports on the most relevant chiral catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of C=C, C=N and C=O bonds that were published from 2005 up today.
EXPERIMENTAL KURU IN THE SPIDER MONKEY (1975)

The brains of 10 spider monkeys inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from kuru patients have been studied histologically and ultrastructurally. The animals were killed by perfusion of fixative from four to forty-one weeks after inoculation, when healthy and free of neurological signs. Definite histopathological changes had occurred as early as four weeks after inoculation, when moderate numbers of bi-nucleated neurons were found within the limbic cortex, striatum, the hypothalamus and amongst the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. At later stages of incubation a moderate loss of neurons in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex and a mild to moderate proliferation of fibrous astrocytes here and also in the hypothalamus were the most striking features. None of our cases showed either status spongiosus or the generalized astrocytic proliferation and hypertrophy, characteristic of fully developed experimental kuru, in any region of the brain. The principal ultrastructural abnormalities consisted of the formation of membrane-bound intracytoplasmic vacuoles, predominantly within dendrites, and of concentric laminar arrays derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. The former were seen in all regions of the brain examined and at all stages of incubation. Concentric laminar arrays were confined to the cerebellar nodulus, where they were most numerous in dendrites and neuronal perikarya four weeks after inoculation. Both changes are interpreted as an indication that the kuru agent acts upon the plasma membrane from an early stage onwards and, by stimulating its growth, leads to the formation of complex, membrane-bounded vacuoles and to hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum. The formation of vacuoles is further regarded as the first sign of status spongiosus on an ultrastructural level. Attention is drawn to the great similarities between the changes observed in the present material and those described in the brains of patients dying from kuru and of primates with fully developed experimental kuru. The significance of the relatively rapid spread of the kuru agent throughout the brain is discussed in relation to the concept of "slow virus" diseases.
Justice implementation with practice ruling over doctrine——An analysis of the concept of justice in 1975's constitution (2002)

Constitution is the combination of all highest laws concerning a nation and its society. Carrying the most important value in the sense of juristic philosophy, justice can not be avoided in this combination. The way that how justice becomes a part of it, to a great degree, determines how much the value of juristic philosophy and the value of justice itself can be implemented. The particular way that justice stepped into the 1975's constitution made this constitution one of the standard constitutions in Rovenstein's term. In this constitution, justice was effectively explained by practice.