gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Inks and Their Application Areas in Industrial Inkjet Printing and Desktop Printing (2017)

Aqueous inks use water as their primary solvent and are used for printing in every imaginable application. Aqueous inks can use pigment, dye, or combinations of both dyes and pigment as the colorant. Aqueous inks have many performance features in common, such as evaporation, open time, and nozzle wetting. Surfactants perform important roles in wetting the substrate and in drop firing characteristics as well as wetting inside the printhead. The choice of surfactant and surface-active solvents therefore has to be considered with the whole inkjet process in mind. Jetting performance can also be influenced by the materials that are used to control viscosity. Dye-based aqueous inks have been used in inkjet from the start. This chapter discusses simple dyebased inks, reactive dye inks, and disperse dye inks. Disperse dyes are used for dyeing polyester.
Extracting input-line position from Hough transform data (1991)

The Hough transform (HT) detects lines in an input but not their location. We describe a new way to determine the position of a line from HT data. The line position information is extracted from the shape of the HT pattern around the HT peak. Results are shown illustrating this algorithm on single- and multiple-line input images.
Ischemic heart disease: Assessment with gadolinium‐enhanced ultrafast MR imaging and dipyridamole stress (1994)

The potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease has not been fully explored. A feasibility study was conducted in 10 patients with a novel approach to determine whether myocardial ischemia can be assessed with MR imaging and dynamic first-pass bolus tracking enhanced with gadolinium tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA). Three tomographic planes were acquired before and after pharmacologic stress with dipyridamole, with use of the bolus-tracking series at rest as a reference. The change in myocardial rate of enhancement was compared with the results obtained by means of the established methods, exercise thallium scintigraphy and coronary angiography. Detection of ischemic regions with MR imaging showed a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 65%, 76%, and 74%, respectively. Ultrafast MR imaging can be used to detect regions of myocardial ischemia.
Molecular Modeling and Imaging of Initial Stages of Cellulose Fibril Assembly: Evidence for a Disordered Intermediate Stage (2014)

The remarkable mechanical strength of cellulose reflects the arrangement of multiple β-1,4-linked glucan chains in a para-crystalline fibril. During plant cellulose biosynthesis, a multimeric cellulose synthesis complex (CSC) moves within the plane of the plasma membrane as many glucan chains are synthesized from the same end and in close proximity. Many questions remain about the mechanism of cellulose fibril assembly, for example must multiple catalytic subunits within one CSC polymerize cellulose at the same rate? How does the cellulose fibril bend to align horizontally with the cell wall? Here we used mathematical modeling to investigate the interactions between glucan chains immediately after extrusion on the plasma membrane surface. Molecular dynamics simulations on groups of six glucans, each originating from a position approximating its extrusion site, revealed initial formation of an uncrystallized aggregate of chains from which a protofibril arose spontaneously through a ratchet mechanism involving hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between glucose monomers. Consistent with the predictions from the model, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy using improved methods revealed a hemispherical accumulation of material at points of origination of apparent cellulose fibrils on the external surface of the plasma membrane where rosette-type CSCs were also observed. Together the data support the possibility that a zone of uncrystallized chains on the plasma membrane surface buffers the predicted variable rates of cellulose polymerization from multiple catalytic subunits within the CSC and acts as a flexible hinge allowing the horizontal alignment of the crystalline cellulose fibrils relative to the cell wall.
Cylindrical glass nanocapillaries patterned via coarse lithography (&gt;1 μm) for biomicrofluidic applications (2012)

We demonstrate a new method of fabricating in-plane cylindrical glass nanocapillaries (<100 nm) that does not require advanced patterning techniques but the standard coarse photolithography (>1 μm). These nanocapillaries are self-enclosed optically transparent and highly regular over large areas. Our method involves structuring μm-scale rectangular trenches in silicon, sealing the trenches into enclosed triangular channels by depositing phosphosilicate glass, and then transforming the channels into cylindrical capillaries through shape transformation by the reflow of annealed glass layer. Extended anneal has the structures shrunk into nanocapillaries preserving their cylindrical shape. Nanocapillaries ∼50 nm in diameter and effective stretching of digested λ-phage DNA in them are demonstrated.
Correction to: Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: a post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial (2019)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors notified us that a part of the Figure 3 legend was omitted during proofing stage.
Spin exchange between paramagnetic metal complexes and aliphatic nitroxides: 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of copper(II) complexes (1970)

R. A. Zelonka and M. C. Baird, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 1448 DOI: 10.1039/C29700001448
Régine d'Acquisition du Flot Optique : Intégration de la Transormée de Census (2002)

National audience
Construction and Screening of Metagenomic Libraries Derived from Enrichment Cultures: Generation of a Gene Bank for Genes Conferring Alcohol Oxidoreductase Activity on <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Enrichment of microorganisms with special traits and the construction of metagenomic libraries by direct cloning of environmental DNA have great potential for identifying genes and gene products for biotechnological purposes. We have combined these techniques to isolate novel genes conferring oxidation of short-chain (C(2) to C(4)) polyols or reduction of the corresponding carbonyls. In order to favor the growth of microorganisms containing the targeted genes, samples collected from four different environments were incubated in the presence of glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Subsequently, the DNA was extracted from the four samples and used to construct complex plasmid libraries. Approximately 100,000 Escherichia coli strains of each library per test substrate were screened for the production of carbonyls from polyols on indicator agar. Twenty-four positive E. coli clones were obtained during the initial screen. Sixteen of them contained a plasmid (pAK101 to pAK116) which conferred a stable carbonyl-forming phenotype. Eight of the positive clones exhibited NAD(H)-dependent alcohol oxidoreductase activity with polyols or carbonyls as the substrates in crude extracts. Sequencing revealed that the inserts of pAK101 to pAK116 encoded 36 complete and 17 incomplete presumptive protein-encoding genes. Fifty of these genes showed similarity to sequenced genes from a broad collection of different microorganisms. The genes responsible for the carbonyl formation of E. coli were identified for nine of the plasmids (pAK101, pAK102, pAK105, pAK107 to pAK110, pAK115, and pAK116). Analyses of the amino acid sequences deduced from these genes revealed that three (orf12, orf14, and orf22) encoded novel alcohol dehydrogenases of different types, four (orf5, sucB, fdhD, and yabF) encoded novel putative oxidoreductases belonging to groups distinct from alcohol dehydrogenases, one (glpK) encoded a putative glycerol kinase, and one (orf1) encoded a protein which showed no similarity to any other known gene product.
Magnetic entropy change plateau in a geometrically frustrated layered system: FeCrAs-like iron-pnictide structure as a magnetocaloric prototype (2013)

Monte Carlo modeling suggests that the magnetothermal features of the Fe2P-structured FeCrAs-like compound offer a promising route for the design of magnetocaloric materials. The prototype structure is modeled as antiferromagnetically coupled layered Heisenberg systems mimicking the distorted Kagome/triangular stacked architecture of FeCrAs iron-pnictide. The magnetic entropy change ΔSm(T) presents a plateau-like behavior which can be tailored by tuning either the JCr-Fe/JCr-Cr exchange energy ratio or the magnetic field. The plateau is defined by cooperative spin ordering within a ferrimagnetic region which exists between two critical temperatures separating at the lower bound (Tac) a canted antiferromagnetic phase and at the upper bound (Tdc) the thermally disordered phase. The refrigerant capacity and adiabatic change of temperature are A(H)(Tdc - Tac) and A(H)Tp/Cm respectively, with Tac < Tp < Tdc, A(H) an increasing positive function of the field defining the height of the plateau and Cm the magnetic specific heat, whose critical behavior is related to the T(a,d)(c) values.
Characterization of a novel human T cell receptor β chain variable region family by transspecies DNA hybridization (1994)

One essential component in the generation of diversity of T cell receptor (TcR) alpha and beta chains is the existence of multiple tandemly arranged variable regions in the germ line which are subsequently rearranged to form functional units. In attempting to establish the extent of the human TcR alpha and beta chain repertoire an approach of randomly sequencing cDNA for rearranged receptors has been generally pursued. So far, 24 human V beta families have been characterized and they encompass some 51 transcriptionally active gene segments. Recently, surveys of several hundred TcR beta cDNA clones have failed to establish further V beta families which suggests that if they exist, they are likely to be poorly represented in the peripheral blood repertoire. It is likely, therefore, that the majority of human V beta regions which are rearranged conventionally and are transcriptionally active have already been described. To investigate whether additional V beta families characterize the human TcR repertoire we have examined V beta sequences from an inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TcR beta cDNA library of the chimpanzee, the most closely related creature to man. One clone which could not be assigned to any human V beta family cross-hybridized with human TcR beta chain cDNA. This new human family has been called V beta 25. Comparison of chimpanzee and human V beta 25 sequences using the Lipman-Pearson method gives a similarity index of 94.6% over a consensus length of 112 amino acids. On the evidence of Southern blotting with cDNA probes, V beta 25 segments in human and chimpanzee appear to represent single member gene families and no restriction fragment length polymorphism was evident with the restriction enzymes used. Equalization of TcR beta cDNA followed by family-specific quantitative PCR showed that the gene is expressed at similar levels in the chimpanzee and the human. The actual level of expression in the human is less that 0.5% of the total TcR beta repertoire. Transspecies DNA hybridization using novel sequences from closely related species may be a powerful tool for establishing the full extent of TcR alpha and beta and immunoglobulin repertoires.
Unusual M <sub>2</sub> -mediated metal-insulator transition in epitaxial VO <sub>2</sub> thin films on GaN substrates (2015)

We report on the epitaxial growth of vanadium dioxide thin films on (0001) GaN substrates using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method and discuss their unusual M2-mediated metal-insulator transition (MIT) properties. We found that large lattice misfits between the film and the GaN substrate could favor the stabilization of the intermediate insulating phase, which is known to be observed only in either doped or uniaxially strained samples. We demonstrated that the MIT in films on GaN substrates could be mediated via a monoclinic phase during the transition from a monoclinic to a rutile R phase. This was confirmed by temperature-dependent Raman studies that exhibited both an evident upshift of a high-frequency phonon mode from to and a distinct peak splitting of a low-frequency phonon mode at for increasing temperatures. Moreover, a resistance change of four orders of magnitude was observed for thin films on GaN substrates, being indicative of the high quality of thin films. This study may offer great opportunities not only to improve the understanding of M2-mediated MIT behavior in thin films, but also to realize novel electronic and optoelectronic devices.
A Robust Controller Interpolation Design Technique (2009)

Switching or blending among controllers is termed controller interpolation. This paper investigates a robust controller interpolation technique and applies it to an experimental test bed. Although an interpolated controller is composed of linear time-invariant (LTI) controllers stabilizing the LTI plant, closed-loop performance and stability are not guaranteed. Thus, it is of interest to design the interpolated controller to guarantee closed-loop stability and a performance level for all interpolation signals describing controller switching sequences and combinations. The performance metric that is under investigation in this paper is the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</sub> norm. A suboptimal robust interpolated-controller design algorithm is framed in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities. The motivating example demonstrates the efficacy of the robust interpolated-controller design.
The effect of lesions of the epithalamus on plasma aldosterone and corticosterone levels in Japanese quail. (1978)

The peripheral plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations were measured by CPBA and RIA method in Japanese quails in which the subcommissural organ (SCO) or the habenula had been destroyed. Lesion of the SCO reduced the plasma aldosterone level by 50%. The lesion of n. habenularis medialis and lateralis on the other hand did not affect the plasma corticosteroid level. It is suggested that in birds the SCO takes part in a multifactorial regulation of aldosterone secretion.
Effect of Codoping in α-Rhombohedral Boron (2008)

α-Rhombohedral (α-rh) boron is the most stable polymorph of elemental boron at low temperatures and exhibits p-type semiconductive properties. Although α-rh boron has some voids of sufficient size in its structure, it does not accept alkali metals as donor dopants. An n-type or metallic α-rh boronlike material so far has not been found. We considered substituting Li for either of P or As in the stable α-rh boronlike compounds B12P2 and B12As2 and calculated the electronic structures from first principles to investigate the possibility that α-rh boron becomes an n-type semiconductor or a metal. The idea is similar to the case of diamond, where the codoping of a donor and acceptor creates an n-type semiconductor. Our results showed that B12PLi and B12AsLi became intrinsic narrow-gap semiconductors with band gaps of 0.478 and 0.536 eV, respectively. In both materials, the curvature of the conduction band was higher than that of the valence band, suggesting that the electron mobility may be higher than the hole mobility.
Current Status of Potent Bone Resorption Antagonists (2014)

Since osteoporosis is considered as an important risk factor to the development of bone fractures, the search for effect therapeutic agents for its prevention and maintenance has never stopped. From hormonal replacement, promotion of bone formation, to prevention of bone resorption has all been tried. The most active part has been played by the antiresorptive agents, viz the Bisphosphonates.
  Large investments in research have increased the potency of the drug hundreds of folds and remarkably secured a very effective patient compliance to once a year injection. The therapeutic triumph is complicated with serious though infrequent adverse effects with prolonged or high dose administrations. It is therefore appropriate time to realize the exact safety, the favorable dosages, and the duration of treatment of bisphosphonates. Several extended studies on bisphosphonates have given the answers. Bisphosphonate are safe and effective, serious adverse effects are rare and may occur only after prolonged use. Bisphosphonates should be used as preventive agent only for the extreme high risk cases. Preventive therapy could be safer if 3 years of administration could be followed by a rest period of 2-3years.
Disturbances in Maternal Steroidogenesis and Appearance of Intrauterine Growth Retardation at High-Altitude Environments Are Established from Early Pregnancy. Effects of Treatment with Antioxidant Vitamins (2015)

Pregnancies at high-altitudes are influenced by hypoxia and oxidative stress and frequently affected by IUGR. However, a common thought is that early pregnant women visiting altitude have no major complications for gestation development, since IUGR is developed during the second half of pregnancy. Thus, using a well-characterized sheep-model, we aimed to determine whether long- and/or short-term exposure to high-altitude may affect maternal steroidogenesis and therefore embryo-fetal growth from conception. The second aim was to differentiate the relative role of hypoxia and oxidative stress by assessing the effects of supplementation with antioxidant agents during this early-pregnancy stage, which were previously found to be useful to prevent IUGR. The results indicate that both long- and short-term exposure to high-altitude causes disturbances in maternal ovarian steroidogenesis and negatively affects embryo-fetal growth already during the very early stages of gestation, with the consequences being even worsened in newcomers to high-altitude. The supply of antioxidant during this period only showed discrete effects for preventing IUGR. In conclusion, the present study gives a warning for clinicians about the risks for early-pregnant women when visiting high-altitude regions and suggests the need for further studies on the effects of the length of exposure and on the interaction of the exposure with the pregnancy stage.
Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior—Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography (2017)

The stiffness and nanotopographical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence numerous developmental, physiological, and pathological processes <i>in vivo</i>. These biophysical cues have therefore been applied to modulate almost all aspects of cell behavior, from cell adhesion and spreading to proliferation and differentiation. Delineation of the biophysical modulation of cell behavior is critical to the rational design of new biomaterials, implants, and medical devices. The effects of stiffness and topographical cues on cell behavior have previously been reviewed, respectively; however, the interwoven effects of stiffness and nanotopographical cues on cell behavior have not been well described, despite similarities in phenotypic manifestations. Herein, we first review the effects of substrate stiffness and nanotopography on cell behavior, and then focus on intracellular transmission of the biophysical signals from integrins to nucleus. Attempts are made to connect extracellular regulation of cell behavior with the biophysical cues. We then discuss the challenges in dissecting the biophysical regulation of cell behavior and in translating the mechanistic understanding of these cues to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Acimn protocol: A protocol for anonymous communication in multi hop wireless networks (2007)

Summary form only given. Anonymity is the state of not being identifiable within a set of subjects. Different strategies exist for assuring anonymity in computer networks, such as the dining cryptographers network and mix networks. But these strategies were designed for wired networks requiring direct communication links or fixed infrastructure. Therefore they are not applicable to multi hop wireless networks without modification. The Acimn protocol bases on the combination of these two main strategies enabling nodes to communicate anonymously among each other. Every node of the network acts as a mix so that the Mix approach can be used to hide the multi hop communication. By using this technique only one message overhead per communication path is generated because of the key establishment among the nodes on the path. During following communications only little computational power is needed by every node on the path to decrypt the messages before forwarding them to the next node. Additionally every one hop communication is kept anonymously by using the DC-net protocol. Therefor the nodes are arranged in groups of at most three members that are in communication range of each other. Sending of messages takes place in rounds where in every round only one group member is able to transmit information but every member has to send data. Because of the maximal group size of three there can be maximally three times more messages compared to the sending without the DC-net approach. By utilizing the combination of both techniques neither non participating eavesdropper nor nodes on the communication path are able to track the communication partners while the overhead is kept small.
Effects of flanking noise bands on the rate of growth of loudness of tones in normal and recruiting ears (1985)

Five subjects with unilateral cochlear hearing impairments and three normally hearing subjects made loudness matches between tones presented alternately to two ears, as a function of the intensity of the tone in the impaired ear (or the left ear of the normal subjects). The impaired ears showed recruitment; the rate of growth of loudness with increasing intensity was more rapid in the impaired ear than the normal ear. Presenting the tone in the impaired ear with two noise bands on either side of the tone frequency, at a fixed signal-to-noise ratio, did not abolish the recruitment. This suggests that recruitment is not caused by an abnormally rapid spread of excitation in the peripheral auditory system. At low signal-to-noise ratios, a continuous background noise reduced the loudness of the tone more than a noise gated with the tone, suggesting that the continuous noise induces adaptation to the tone. The noise had a greater effect on the loudness of the tone in normal ears than in impaired ears. It is possible that the loudness reduction of the tone in noise is mediated by suppression; suppression is weak or absent in impaired ears, and so the loudness reduction is smaller.
Das Dissoziationsgleichgewicht CdO<sub>(s)</sub>=Cd<sub>(g)</sub> + 0,5O<sub>2(g)</sub> (1963)

Abstract Dampfdruckmessungen mit der Mitführungsmethode an dem System CdO (s) /O 2(g) /Ar (g) bzw. CdO (s) /C 2(g) H 2 O (g) werden durch die Dissoziation des CdO (s) nach der Gleichung CdO (s) = Cd (g) + 0,5 O 2 (g) ausgewertet. Eine Reaktion unter Bildung eines gasförmigen Hydroxids, häufig in Systemen Oxid/Wasser beobachtet 1 ), etwa nach der Gleichung CdO (s) + H 2 O (g) → Cd(OH) 2(g) , war nicht festzustellen. Als einzige in der Gasphase vorkommende Cd‐Spezies wurde Cd (g) ermittelt. Für die freie Reaktionsenthalpie Δ G wurde erhalten; Δ(cal/mol) = 87240 – 49,95 · T für 1242 < T Fü[°K] < 1379.