gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Objective tumour heterogeneity determination in gliomas (2009)

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are known to correlate inversely to tumour cellularity in brain tumours. The average ADC value increases after successful chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of both and can be therewith used as a surrogate marker for treatment response. Moreover, high and low malignant areas can be distinguished. The main purpose of our project was to develop a software platform that enables the automated delineation and ADC quantification of different tumour sections in a fast, objective, user independent manner. Moreover, the software platform allows for an analysis of the probability density of the ADC in high and low malignant areas in ROIs drawn on conventional imaging to create a ground truth. We tested an Expectation Maximization algorithm with a Gaussian mixture model to objectively determine tumour heterogeneity in gliomas because of yielding Gaussian distributions in the different areas. Furthermore, the algorithm was initialized by seed points in the areas of the gross tumour volume and the data indicated that an automatic initialization should be possible. Thus automated clustering of high and low malignant areas and subsequent ADC determination within these areas is possible yielding reproducible ADC measurements within heterogeneous gliomas.
Genome-wide expression assay comparison across frozen and fixed postmortem brain tissue samples (2011)

Our results suggest that the DASL-based gene expression-profiling platform may confer some advantages on mRNA assays of the brain over traditional IVT-based methods. We ultimately consider the implications of these results on investigations of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of aberrant crypt foci in human colorectal mucosa (1997)

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colorectal mucosa are proposed to be the earliest morphological lesion in the development of neoplasia, but their characteristics remain controversial. We therefore studied the epithelial phenotype and genotype of ACF from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and of sporadic ACF by evaluating glycoprotein markers associated with neoplasia (lectins Dolichus biflorus agglutinin and peanut agglutinin; monoclonal antibody CA 19-9 against sialyl Lewis-a blood group substance), expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and ras proto-oncogene mutations. The utility of the markers was established by comparing adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. Most FAP ACF resembled adenomas and were found to differ from sporadic ACF in their high frequency of dysplasia, staining with Dolichus biflorus agglutinin, expression of sialyl Lewis-a, proliferation in the epithelium of upper crypts, and low frequency of ras gene mutations (P = .04 to < .0000001). By contrast, sporadic ACF and a subset of FAP ACF had phenotypic characteristics resembling hyperplastic polyps but usually had ras mutations, which were inversely related to dysplasia (P = .00009). Our findings suggest that "aberrant crypt focus" is a generic term analogous to "polyp" and requires further histopathologic, phenotypic, or genotypic classification into dysplastic and heteroplastic (hetero = other, plasia = form) types. Dysplastic ACF represent potential precursors to colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas, but heteroplastic ACF appear to be associated, rather than precursor, lesions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Carbonylation of Aryl Acetylenes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Serum from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: UPLC-MS/MS versus ELISA (2016)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and its structural isomer symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are uremic toxins accumulating in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a robust UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of ADMA and SDMA in human serum. Chromatographic separation after butyl ester derivatization was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, followed by tandem mass spectrometric detection. After validation, the applicability of the method was evaluated by the analysis of serum samples from 10 healthy controls and 77 CKD patients on hemodialysis (CKD5HD). Both ADMA (0.84 ± 0.19 µM vs. 0.52 ± 0.07 µM) and SDMA concentrations (2.06 ± 0.82 µM vs. 0.59 ± 0.13 µM) were significantly (p < 0.001) elevated in CKD5HD patients compared to healthy controls. In general, low degrees of protein binding were found for both ADMA and SDMA. In addition, an established commercially available ELISA kit was utilized on the same samples (n = 87) to compare values obtained both with ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS. Regression analysis between these two methods was significant (p < 0.0001) but moderate for both ADMA (R = 0.78) and SDMA (R = 0.72).
Biochemical characterization of phospholipase D activity from human neutrophils (1989)

We have found a phospholipase D activity in the postnuclear fraction of human neutrophils, employing phosphatidylinositol as exogenous substrate. This phospholipase D activity was assessed by both phosphatidate formation and by free inositol release in the presence of 15 mM LiCl in the reaction mixture and in the absence of Mg2+ ions to prevent inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase activity. To assess further the phospholipase D activity, we studied its capacity to catalyze a transphosphatidylation reaction, as a unique feature of the enzyme. It was detected as [14C]phosphatidylethanol formation when the postnuclear fraction was incubated with [14C]phosphatidylinositol in the presence of ethanol. The phospholipase D showed a major optimum pH at 7.5 and a minor one at pH 5.0. Neutral and acid phospholipase D activities were differentially located in subcellular fractionation studies of resting neutrophils, namely in the cytosol and in the azurophilic granules, respectively. Neutral phospholipase D required Ca2+ ions to the active, whereas the acid enzyme activity was Ca2(+)-independent. The neutral phospholipase D activity showed a certain specificity for phosphatidylinositol, as it was able to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol at a much higher rate than phosphatidylcholine, in the absence and in the presence of different detergents. This neutral phospholipase D activity behaved as a protein of high molecular mass (350-400 kDa) by gel filtration chromatography. Moreover, neutral phospholipase D activity was detected in the postnuclear fraction of human monocytes, by measuring free inositol release from phosphatidylinositol as exogenous substrate, under the same experimental conditions as those used with neutrophils. The enzyme displayed similar specific activities in both cell types as well as the same degree of activation after cell stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187. These results demonstrate the existence of two phospholipase D activities with different pH optima and intracellular location in human neutrophils. Furthermore, these results suggest that this phospholipase D can play a role in signal-transducing processes during cell stimulation in human phagocytes.
Use of amniotic membrane in Malignant Pterygium Surgery : video presentation (2010)

Limbal graft harvesting might sometimes not be possible in pterygium surgery (previous surgeries, burns, conjunctival pathology, filtering bleb...). The use of an amniotic membrane might be an alternative to a thicker labial mucosa graft. Fibrin glue, as in conjunctival grafting, permits a surgery without stitches which is a help to the surgeon and a relief to the patient.
Quantum Cascade lasers: Recent advances and future prospects (2011)

Quantum cascade (QC) lasers are a rapidly evolving mid-infrared and THz semiconductor laser technology based on intersubband transitions in multiple coupled quantum wells. The lasers' strengths are their wavelength tailorability, high performance and fascinating design potential. This paper will discuss several recent highlights, such as the quest for high performance QC lasers, especially high efficiency and single-mode operation, artificially broadened gain, and the implementation of unconventional laser schemes. Briefly discussed are several high potential applications in mid-infrared trace chemical sensing.
Comparison of Aerosol Single Scattering Albedos Derived by Diverse Techniques in Two North Atlantic Experiments (2002)

Aerosol single scattering albedo (the ratio of scattering to extinction) is important in determining aerosol climatic effects, in explaining relationships between calculated and measured radiative fluxes, and in retrieving aerosol optical depths from satellite radiances. Recently, two experiments in the North Atlantic region, the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) and the Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2), determined aerosol by a variety of techniques. The techniques included fitting of calculated to measured radiative fluxes; retrievals of from skylight radiances; best fits of complex refractive index to profiles of backscatter, extinction, and size distribution; and in situ measurements of scattering and absorption at the surface and aloft. Both TARFOX and ACE-2 found a fairly wide range of values for at midvisible wavelengths (550 nm), with 0.85 midvis 0.99 for the marine aerosol impacted by continental pollution. Frequency distributions of could usually be approximated by lognormals in max , with some occurrence of bimodality, suggesting the influence of different aerosol sources or processing. In both TARFOX and ACE-2, closure tests between measured and calculated radiative fluxes yielded best-fit values of midvis of 0.90 0.04 for the polluted boundary layer. Although these results have the virtue of describing the column aerosol unperturbed by sampling, they are subject to questions about representativeness and other uncertainties (e.g., thermal offsets, unknown gas absorption). The other techniques gave larger values for midvis for the polluted boundary layer, with a typical result of midvis 0.95 0.04. Current uncertainties in are large in terms of climate effects. More tests are needed of the consistency among different methods and of humidification effects on .
A SENSITIVE INDUCTION BALANCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETECTING UNEXPLODED BOMBS (1930)

The sequential production of cell types during neural development is controlled by temporal identity transcription factors, and heterochronic expression of these factors in progenitors reprograms developmental potential and promotes the ...Temporal identity factors are sufficient to reprogram developmental competence of neural progenitors and shift cell fate output, but whether they can also reprogram the identity of terminally differentiated cells is unknown. To address this question, we ...
Better understanding tumor–host interaction in head and neck cancer to improve the design and development of immunotherapeutic strategies (2010)

Head and neck cancers are heavily infiltrated by immune cells, the significance of which is complex. The natural immune response against head and neck tumors, including anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) T cells, and humoral responses has been clearly documented. However, during the course of tumor progression, co-option of the immune system by tumor cells for their own advantage and increased resistance of tumor cells to immune attack also occur. Inflammation and immune subversion to support angiogenesis are key factors promoting tumor growth. Only a better understanding of this tumor-host interaction will permit a rational design of new immunotherapeutic approaches combining immunostimulation with drugs endowed with the ability to counteract immunoevasion mechanisms.
Preparation of 1-Hydroxyalkylidenediphosphonates (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 1-HydroxyalkylidenediphosphonatesRichard L. McConnell and Harry W. Coover Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4450–4452Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The C type natriuretic peptide receptor associates with AHNAK in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (2008)

We recently identified AHNAK as a binding partner for the C type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR‐C) in normal rat gastric mucosa (RGM1) cells. To investigate the role of AHNAK in NPR‐C function in different cell types and species we examined the expression and interaction of both proteins in multiple cell lines. Antibodies to NPR subtypes and AHNAK domains were used to examine expression by immunoblotting, colocalization by immunohistochemistry, and interaction by immunoprecipitation in multiple mammalian cell lines. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the identity of the proteins from the immunoprecipitation studies. GST fusion proteins of the N‐terminal, internal repeating, and C‐terminal domains of AHNAK were purified and used to perform GST pulldown assays to verify the association of the two proteins and determine specificity. Coding sequences of human NPR‐C and AHNAK were subcloned into mammalian two hybrid expression vectors to ascertain the interaction in situ. NPR‐C was found to be the most abundantly expressed NPR subtype and AHNAK was found to also be expressed in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (AoVSMCs). NPR‐C and AHNAK colocalized to the plasma membrane of AoVSMCs. NPR‐C bound to AHNAK isoform 1 in vitro. The interaction was attributed to a single AHNAK domain. This research was supported by an American Heart Association Predoctoral fellowship and a Veterans Affairs Merit grant.
Current-carrying states in superconducting multilayers with Josephson interlayer coupling for temperatures close to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo></mml:math>A microscopic theory (1997)

We present a complete, self-consistent, microscopic description of current-carrying states in all sorts of superconducting multilayers with interlayer Josephson coupling near the bulk critical temperature, ${T}_{c0}:$ superconductor-insulator (SI) superlattices with or without intrabarrier exchange interactions and nonmagnetic impurities inside superconducting (S) layers, pure structures with point-contact-type interlayer coupling, superconductor--normal-metal (SN) superlattices with an arbitrary concentration of nonmagnetic impurities, and SN superlattices in the dirty limit with paramagnetic impurities inside N barriers. We have obtained closed analytical expressions for the Josephson current as a function of an S layer thickness, $a.$ For all these systems drastic deviations from a single-junction case were found: a reduction of the critical Josephson current ${j}_{c}$ for pure SI superlattices with $a<~{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0},$ nontrivial current-phase dependence for multilayers with point-contact-type coupling and $a<~{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0},$ and nontrivial temperature dependence of ${j}_{c}$ for SN superlattices. Mathematically, our approach is based solely on the use of a microscopic free-energy functional. For $a\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0},$ we reduce this functional to a Ginzburg-Landau-type functional with an extra term accounting for the interface free energy. For SI superlattices, in an appropriate limit this latter reduces to a Lawrence-Doniach-type functional with microscopically defined coefficients.
User-level communication in a system with gang scheduling (2002)

One of the scarce resources that limits communication performance is buffer space on the network interface card. This becomes even worse when it is partitioned among several time-sliced processes. However, if gang scheduling is used, it is possible to swap buffer contents as part of the context switch, giving each job the full buffer space for the duration of its quantum. This does not suffer undue overhead, as the buffer space is mainly used to allow a larger flow-control window, and typically does not contain many packets that need to be stored.
Development of Decellularized Human Umbilical Arteries as Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts (2009)

Decellularized human umbilical arteries preserved the extracellular matrix, supported endothelialization, and retained function in vivo for up to 8 weeks. These properties suggest the potential use of decellularized umbilical arteries as small-diameter vascular grafts.
Aperture diffraction theory applied to ultrasonic attenuation imaging (1983)

Ultrasonic computed tomography (UCT) suffers significant quantitative errors when attempting attenuation imaging of refractive objects. The problem can be aggravated when a relatively large, single element, phase sensitive receiver is used. A method designed to maintain high resolution while minimizing refractive error is introduced. This technique (referred to as profile migration) utilizes an array receiver and an algorithm based on aperture diffraction theory. The profile migration and a more conventional migration approach are applied to data obtained from single projection scans of an object under refractive and nonrefractive conditions. Attenuation projections generated using two single-element receiver methods are also compared. Reconstructed images using projections produced via the profile migration method are compared to those using a technique currently employed on our UCT breast scanner. For both minimal and realistic refractive situations the profile migration method displays advantages over the other methods based on a qualitative assessment of the projections and images.
INFLUENCE OF INFANT FORMULA COMPOSITION ON EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTIA (2008)

Objective To assess the effect on microbiotia development of a standard control formula, a formula with a composition close to human milk, Nan, and investigate the equivalence between Nan and Nan + a probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum (BL999; Morinaga, Japan). Methods Randomized, double blind, controlled trial of 3 groups: control formula; Nan : 30/70 Casein/Whey ratio (vs.70/30), lower protein (1.8 vs.2.5 g/100 Kcal); lower phosphate (31 vs.70 mg/100 Kcal) and higher lactose levels (11.1 vs. 4.5 g/100 Kcal); Nan + BL999 (2×107 cfu/g) and a reference BF group. Healthy singleton term infants received the study formulae for 4 months. Primary outcome was stool bifidobacteria counts (log CFU/g: Median (IQR)) measured by FISH method at 2 months of age. Results Bifidobacteria counts were significantly higher for BF (10(0.9), p Conclusions These data show that infant formula with a composition closer to human milk (with or without BL999) is more bifidogenic, and leading to a closer intestinal microbiotia profile to BF, than a standard formula.
Early palliative care interventions in patients with glioblastoma. (2018)

e22203 Background: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are primary malignant brain tumors that, in spite of aggressive treatment, carry a poor prognosis and a significant emotional and socioeconomic burden. Early palliative intervention has been shown to improve quality of life, reduce cost and influence end of life care decisions. We evaluate if early palliative care (PC) referrals alter end of life care in patients with GBM. Methods: After Institutional review board approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 44 consecutive patients diagnosed with GBM who received chemo-radiation between 11/2012 and 3/2017. Time from diagnosis to PC referral and number of outpatient PC visits were correlated with multiple variables including number of hospice care days and number of non-elective hospital admissions, using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 60.4 years (range: 20-79, 12 females). Majority (68%) received home hospice. The median number of days on hospice was 29 (range: 0-157), and median outpatient PC visits were 2 (range: 0-25). Although not statistically significant, time from diagnosis to PC referral showed a positive correlation with number of days on hospice, (r = 0.241, p = 0.134), while the number of outpatient PC visits correlated negatively with days on hospice, (r = -0.263, p = 0.088). Number of days of non-elective hospital admissions for symptom management or complications was not correlated with number of PC visits (r = -0.48, p = 0.75) or time to referral (r = 0.0041, p = 0.979). The number of hospice days did not differ by age, performance status at diagnosis and gender of the primary caregiver, either. Only 3 of 44 (7%) patients discussed Death With Dignity (DWD) and only 1 went through the process to obtain the drugs. Conclusions: Although PC may be beneficial from a social and emotional standpoint; early initiation of PC was not associated with the number of non-elective hospital admissions, or number of days on hospice. Our results suggest that early and aggressive PC may provide services that help reduce the number of hospice days and facilitate home hospice. An extremely low number of patients initiated discussion about DWD. A multiple-institution study may be necessary to produce more robust results.
Pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine 2′ ‐Deoxy‐ and 2′,3′ ‐Dideoxyribonucleosides: Studies on the glycosylation of 4‐methoxypyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine (1993)

Abstract The glycosylation of the 4‐methoxypyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidine ( 5 ) anion with 1‐halo‐2‐deoxyribose 6 in MeCN/TDA‐1 gives N 2 ‐deoxynucleoside 9 (29%) together with N 1 ‐isomer 7 (48%) and its anomer 8 (6%) [7]. The α‐ D ‐anomer 8 is not formed and the yield of the ß‐ D ‐anomer 7 increased to 62% when dimethoyethane is used as solvent and [18]crown‐6 as catalyst. Employing 1‐halo‐2,3‐dideoxyribose 10 instead of halogenose 6 , the 2′,3′ ‐didexoynucleosides 12 and 14 were formed which desilylated (→ 1b and 2b ) and converted into the ddI and ddA derivatives 3b (c 7 z 8 I dd ), 15b (c 7 z 8 A dd ), and 17 (c 7 z 8 A′ dd ). Contrary to 7‐deazapurine nucleotides, the triphosphates of 3b and 15b showed on appreciable activity against HIV‐reverse transcriptase.
Authors' response to Derdeyn CP, Aguilar,<i>et al</i>. (2012)

We reported the first successful use of a Solitaire stent for mechanical thrombectomy as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke.1 Nothing else!

The suspicious judgment of priority claims2 has a long history in radiology (eg, Wilhelm Rontgen never filed a patent for his discovery of x-rays). However, the senior author of the paper under discussion …