gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetochore microtubules in PTK cells. (1992)

We have analyzed the fine structure of 10 chromosomal fibers from mitotic spindles of PtK1 cells in metaphase and anaphase, using electron microscopy of serial thin sections and computer image processing to follow the trajectories of the component microtubules (MTs) in three dimensions. Most of the kinetochore MTs ran from their kinetochore to the vicinity of the pole, retaining a clustered arrangement over their entire length. This MT bundle was invaded by large numbers of other MTs that were not associated with kinetochores. The invading MTs frequently came close to the kinetochore MTs, but a two-dimensional analysis of neighbor density failed to identify any characteristic spacing between the two MT classes. Unlike the results from neighbor density analyses of interzone MTs, the distributions of spacings between kinetochore MTs and other spindle MTs revealed no evidence for strong MT-MT interactions. A three-dimensional analysis of distances of closest approach between kinetochore MTs and other spindle MTs has, however, shown that the most common distances of closest approach were 30-50 nm, suggesting a weak interaction between kinetochore MTs and their neighbors. The data support the ideas that kinetochore MTs form a mechanical connection between the kinetochore and the pericentriolar material that defines the pole, but that the mechanical interactions between kinetochore MTs and other spindle MTs are weak.
Circularly polarized conical patterns from circular microstrip antennas (1984)

A method is presented for generating circularly polarized conical patterns from circular microstrip antennas. These antennas are excited at higher order modes and require different feed arrangements for different mode excitations. It is determined that the peak direction of the conical pattern can be varied over a wide angular range. Modal expansion technique is employed to calculate the radiation patterns of these antennas.
An object-oriented design of the hybrid controller for automated vehicles in an AHS (2003)

Recently, designs for the automated highway systems (AHS) to improve the safety and efficiency of highways have attracted much attention. However, such large-scale and complex dynamic systems present a number of control issues. Part of the complication comes from the hybrid nature of these systems, which consists of both time-driven and event-driven dynamics. In this paper, an object-oriented approach towards a hybrid controller design for automated vehicles in an AHS is proposed. First, the unified modeling language (UML) is extended to model the hybrid controller with a clear and natural representation of the discrete event and continuous time behaviors. Then, since the AHS is typically a multi-agent system, the simulation of which is suitable to implementation by multi-threaded programming, a Java-based library is further developed to support the implementation. In our framework, Java provides an implementation path, while the extended UML provides a reverse engineering path for the hybrid controller design.
Protein Epitope Mapping By Mass Spectrometry (1994)

A mass spectrometric method is described for the rapid mapping of linear epitopes in proteins that are bound by monoclonal antibodies. The method consists of three steps. In the first step, an antigen protein is digested by a proteolytic enzyme to produce an appropriate set of peptide fragments. In the second step, peptide fragments containing the linear epitope are selected and separated from the pool of peptide fragments by immunoprecipitation with the monoclonal antibody. In the final step, the immunoprecipitated peptides are identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. The method allows the rapid determination of antigenic sites without tedious peptide synthesis or protein mutagenesis. The approach is demonstrated through the mapping of epitopes in two peptides (melittin and glucagon-like peptide-1 7-37) against which monoclonal antibodies were raised. In addition to epitope mapping, the successful coupling between matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation provides a potentially powerful tool for determining binding sites between proteins.
Vector generation for maximum instantaneous current through supply lines for CMOS circuits (1997)

We present two new algorithms for generating a smallset of patterns for estimating the maximum instantaneouscurrent through the power supply lines for CMOScircuits.The first algorithm is based on timed ATPG,while the second is a probability-based approach.Bothalgorithms can handle circuits with arbitrary but knowndelays and they produce a set of 2-vector tests.Experimentalresults demonstrating that the outcome of applyingour algorithms is a small set of patterns producinga current that is a tight lower bound on the maximuminstantaneous current are included.
Room‐Temperature Long‐Lived <sup>3</sup>IL Excited State of Rhodamine in an <i>N</i><i>N</i> Pt<sup>II</sup> Bis(acetylide) Complex with Intense Visible‐Light Absorption (2011)

Abstract An N N Pt II bis(acetylide) complex was prepared with the rhodamine fluorophore [Pt–Rho, in which N N is dbbpy = 4,4′‐bis( tert ‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)]. Complex Pt–Rho shows intense absorption in the visible region ( ϵ = 185800 M –1 cm –1 at 556 nm) and a fluorescence emission of the ligand ( λ em = 580 nm, Φ L = 41.1 %, τ L = 2.50 ns). The long‐lived rhodamine‐localised intraligand triplet excited state ( 3 IL, τ T = 83.0 μs) was proposed to be populated upon excitation of the rhodamine ligand, proved by nanosecond time‐resolved transient absorption and spin density analysis; the triplet excited state was studied by time‐dependent DFT calculations. In comparison, the model complex (dbbpy)Pt II bis(phenylacetylide) (Pt–Ph) shows weak absorption in the visible region ( ϵ = 14700 M –1 cm –1 at 424 nm) and a short‐lived metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer excited state ( 3 MLCT) ( τ T = 1.36 μs). Complex Pt–Rho was used as triplet sensitiser for upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation. An upconversion quantum yield of 11.2 % was observed. Our strategy to access the long‐lived 3 IL excited state of the organic chromophore by metallation with Pt II will be useful for the preparation of transition metal complexes that show intense absorption of visible light and long‐lived triplet excited states.
A RF mass-sensitive SAW sensor with U-groove structure (2002)

A novel mass-sensitive SAW sensor with U-groove structure which uses the mass-loading effect of surface acoustic waves is proposed. This sensor works at RF frequency range from several decade MHz to several hundred MHz. There is a 10 /spl mu/m deep U-groove structure in the middle of the surface acoustic wave path on ZnO/SiO/sub 2//Si piezoelectric film substrate. A SAW oscillator, with input and output IDTs, is fabricated on each side of the U-groove. The U-groove is used to contain a certain amount of the liquid mixture for testing. After evaporation of the tested liquid mixture, the remaining material is deposited on the bottom of the U-groove to give the required mass-loading on the surface acoustic wave path. The loading material reduces the center frequency of the SAW sensor and increases its insertion loss. The loading mass surface density and the density in the liquid can be calculated by analyzing the shifted frequency response according to the mass-loading frequency equation. A SAW oscillating circuit is connected to the input IDT and output IDT to cause the oscillation and increase its Q value. It increases the sensitivity of the frequency shift via loading material density. When an amplifier is connected to the input and output IDT, an 11 dB decrease of insertion loss is obtained also. A prototype device has been fabricated on a LiNbO/sub 3/ wafer with a central frequency of 165 MHz. A sensitivity of 1 ppm frequency shift per 0.04 micrograin/cm/sup 2/ loading mass density is obtained. This device will be competitive in real-time liquid components analyzing and will be an excellent unit cell for an addressable biochip.
Clinical Measurement of Intravertebral PressureDuring Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty (2014)

This study showed that the IP of compressed vertebrae was significantly higher than that of adjacent normal vertebrae. There was a significant increase in IP during the PMMA filling in VP and KP; the IP of compressed vertebrae was not significantly reduced by the balloon inflation in KP, and no statistically significant differences in IP were found during all common stages of PMMA filling in VP and KP.
Allogeneic CAR T Cells: An Alternative to Overcome Challenges of CAR T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma (2021)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as one of the major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. Outstanding results in hematological malignancies and encouraging pre-clinical anti-tumor activity against a wide range of solid tumors have made CAR T cells one of the most promising fields for cancer therapies. CAR T cell therapy is currently being investigated in solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM), a tumor for which survival has only modestly improved over the past decades. CAR T cells targeting EGFRvIII, Her2, or IL-13Rα2 have been tested in GBM, but the first clinical trials have shown modest results, potentially due to GBM heterogeneity and to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Until now, the use of autologous T cells to manufacture CAR products has been the norm, but this approach has several disadvantages regarding production time, cost, manufacturing delay and dependence on functional fitness of patient T cells, often reduced by the disease or previous therapies. Universal "off-the-shelf," or allogeneic, CAR T cells is an alternative that can potentially overcome these issues, and allow for multiple modifications and CAR combinations to target multiple tumor antigens and avoid tumor escape. Advances in genome editing tools, especially <i>via</i> CRISPR/Cas9, might allow overcoming the two main limitations of allogeneic CAR T cells product, i.e., graft-vs.-host disease and host allorejection. Here, we will discuss how allogeneic CAR T cells could allow for multivalent approaches and alteration of the tumor microenvironment, potentially allowing the development of next generation therapies for the treatment of patients with GBM.
The Effects of Alkalized and Silanized Woven Sisal Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Modified Epoxy Resin (2014)

Bisphenol-A based epoxy resin was modified by blending with 1% by weight (wt%) of methyl methacrylate (MMA)/glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted depolymerized natural rubber (GDNR). The blend showed the impact strength of 163% higher than that of neat epoxy resin. In order to study the effect of alkalized and silanized woven sisal fiber on the properties of 1 wt% GDNR/epoxy resin blend, alkalized woven sisal fiber was prepared using 2 wt% NaOH solution and silanized fiber was prepared by treated alkalized fiber with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (A-187). Composites of the blend with alkalized and silanized woven sisal fiber were manufactured by hand-lay up process. Amounts of woven sisal fiber in the composite were 3, 5 and 7 wt%. The flexural modulus of all composites was higher than that of the blend and increased with increasing the amount of fiber. In addition, when silanized sisal fiber was used, the composites showed further improvement in flexural modulus. Flexural strength of all composites was lower than that of the blend but it was improved after silanized sisal fiber was employed. Compared to GDNR/epoxy resin blend, the impact strength of the composite containing 7 wt% silanized sisal fiber was significantly enhanced to 230%.
Radar Detection of Turbulence in Precipitation Environments (1982)

Imperfect particle tracer response is incorporated into the relations describing the turbulent air motion contribution to Doppler radar spectrum mean and variance. Tracer effects on radar estimates of the eddy dissipation rate (ε) increase with decreasing range, and decreasing turbulence outer scale (λ0). Exclusion of imperfect tracer effects can lead to moderate underestimates (≤30%) of ε. These precipitation effects, however, may be dwarfed by the sensitivity of the ε estimate to the estimate of maximum eddy size. Nonetheless, good radar estimates of the turbulence severity index (ε1/3) can be achieved with only a reasonable estimate of λ0
Using wood to produce energy for U.S. homes and businesses (2014)

Generating energy from woodWoody biomass is a versatile commercially viable energy source, producing: heat or cooling, electricity, or both, simultaneously.Wood biomass is converted to energy: in specifically-designed wood-fired energy facilities, or it is potentially burned along with coal in existing coal-fired power plants.
Whole Farm Risk-Rating Microcomputer Model (1985)

Abstract The Risk-Rating Model is designed to give extension specialists, teachers, and producers a method to analyze production, marketing, and financial risks. These risks may be analyzed either individually or simultaneously. The risk associated with each enterprise, for all combinations of enterprises, and for any combination of marketing strategies is estimated. Optimistic, expected, and pessimistic returns above variable cost and/or total cost are presented in the results. The probability that total return will be equal to or greater than variable cost and/or total cost is also estimated.
Ring-based ultrasonic virtual point detector with applications to photoacoustic tomography (2007)

An ultrasonic virtual point detector is constructed using the center of a ring transducer. The virtual point detector provides ideal omnidirectional detection free of any aperture effect. Compared with a real point detector, the virtual one has lower thermal noise and can be scanned with its center inside a physically inaccessible medium. When applied to photoacoustic tomography, the virtual point detector provides both high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. It can also be potentially applied to other ultrasound-related technologies.
Etiologic Factors in Neuropsychiatric Complications Associated with Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1982)

A prospective study of 204 patients undergoing operations requiring cardiopulmonary bypass was undertaken to determine the incidence and etiologic factors leading to postperfusion cerebral dysfunction and to determine whether pretreatment with thiopental, 15 mg/kg, would reduce the incidence. Patients were randomly assigned to a control (diazepam) or study (thiopental) group and were treated identically except for the drug administered. Patients were examined neurologically on the 1st and 4th postoperative day and a psychometric test was administered on the 4th day. Although fewer neuropsychiatric complications were present in patients given thiopental, the difference was not significant. The overall incidence of cerebral dysfunction attributable to cardiopulmonary bypass alone was 16.2% for transient and 6.4% for persistent dysfunction (present at the 10th postoperative day). The incidence of postoperative cerebral dysfunction was more than twice as high in patients undergoing intracardiac than in patients having extracardiac operations and more than 4 times as high in patients more than 60 years of age than in younger patients. Perfusion pressure less than 50 for with hematocrit less than 30% was not related to development of postoperative cerebral dysfunction. The data suggest that air or particulate emboli originating within the heart or aorta are the major causes of post bypass cerebral dysfunction.
Fundamental Considerations in the Design of a Voice-Switched Speakerphone (1960)

The speakerphone offers the advantage of hands-free telephony by replacing the familiar handset with a separate microphone and loudspeaker. The convenience of such an arrangement justifies extensive efforts to overcome its acoustic and transmission limitations. Voice switching overcomes some of the limitations but adds problems of its own. This study analyzes these problems and outlines a method that has proved helpful in the design of a voice-switched speakerphone and the evaluation of its performance.
Adaptation to network link bandwidth fluctuation in www* (1998)

Abstract The rapid growth in the number of Internet users makes Internet accessing speed increasingly slower. When applications that require a large amount of bandwidth, for example, the world wide web, are running through these snail‐like connections, delays and response time are often intolerable. Sometimes, the user's screen is stuck for a long time. World wide web becomes world wide wait. To increase responsiveness, a bandwidth sensitive hypertext transfer protocol is proposed in this paper. This protocol possesses the capability to match the amount and nature of the data transmitted with the amount of bandwidth available in the connection. That is, it tries to keep the communication going meaningfully and responsively as far as the connection bandwidth allows. This protocol can be applied to any situation where the available bandwidth is often inadequate and constantly changing. For example, in wireless networks where the connection bandwidth is limited and often variable, this protocol can be used to decrease response time and increase users’ satisfaction. New tags are provided in the hypertext markup language for the user to structure the document such that the protocol can identify the important and meaningful part to be transmitted during bandwidth scarcity. A method is also devised to structure the document automatically if the user does not. Experiments on several HTML documents under different bandwidth availability indicate that the modified protocol indeed will make WWW transmission proceed more smoothly and less sporadically. Key Words: hypertext transfer protocolinternetadaptive protocols Notes Correspondence addressee
Applications of attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for forensic analysis (2015)

Blood stains, which are among the traces encountered most frequently at crime scenes, are important for potential extraction and amplification of DNA for suspect identification, as well for spatter pattern analysis to reveal a sequence of events. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used in detection of blood stains and age estimation because of signature absorbances in the mid-infrared region at 3300 cm-1 (Amide A), 2800-3000 cm-1 (Amide B), ~1650 cm-1 (Amide I), ~1540 cm-1 (Amide II) ,and 1200-1350 cm-1 (Amide III). Position and intensity shifts for amide peaks were observed due to aging changes occurring as a result of the denaturation of blood proteins and water absorption/desorption. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used in this work to combine these changes in a multivariate calibration for blood age estimation. Calibration experiments over several months at 30°C under a variety of humidity and substrates enable prediction of blood stain age under different environmental conditions. Amide peak intensity changes in the spectrum can be related to blood concentration. Multivariate calibrations of IR spectra of blood dilutions on four types of fabric (acrylic, nylon, polyester, and cotton) were built using PLS. Gap derivatives (GDs) were applied as a preprocessing technique to optimize the performance of calibration models. Detection limits of 0.028 μg/cm2 for acrylic, 0.020 μg/cm2 for nylon, 0.017 μg/cm2 for polyester, and 0.0027 μg/cm2 for cotton were found.
Resolution of conventional Fourier, autoregressive, and special ARMA methods of spectrum analysis (2005)

The two-sinusoid frequency resolution of conventional Fourier, autoregressive (AR), and a special autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) power spectral density (PSD) estimators is considered in this paper. The conventional Fourier spectrum analysis methods have resolutions which are, on the average, roughly the reciprocal of the observation interval. However, for any particular case of two sinusoids of some initial phases, the resolution may be much greater or much less than the average resolution. The special ARMA PSD estimator can, in principle, perfectly resolve any two sinusoids if the autocorrelation function is perfectly known. The AR spectral estimate has a resolution which varies as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from that of the conventional Fourier methods at low SNB to that of the special ARMA method of high SNR. A signal power estimation and a noise power cancellation technique is also presented.
Information extraction from pathology reports in a hospital setting (2011)

As more health data becomes available, information extraction aims to make an impact on the workflows of hospitals and care centers. One of the targeted areas is the management of pathology reports, which are employed for cancer diagnosis and staging. In this work we integrate text mining tools in the workflow of the Royal Melbourne Hospital, to extract information from pathology reports with minimal expert intervention. Our framework relies on coarse-grained annotation (at document level), making it highly portable. Our evaluation shows that the kind of language used in these reports makes it feasible to extract information with high precision and recall, by means of state-of-the-art classification methods, and feature engineering.
Multi-Policy Dialogue Management (2011)

We present a new approach to dialogue management based on the use of multiple, interconnected policies. Instead of capturing the complexity of the interaction in a single large policy, the dialogue manager operates with a collection of small local policies combined concurrently and hierarchically. The metacontrol of these policies relies on an activation vector updated before and after each turn.\n\nPublished in:\nProceedings of the SIGDIAL 2011: the 12th Annual Meeting of the Special \nInterest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, pages 294–300, Portland, Oregon, June 17-18, 2011.
L-tryptophan in the treatment of impaired respiration in sleep. (1984)

15 subjects (mean age: 48.2 yr; 13 males, 2 females) with sleep apnea (12 obstructive, 3 central) were treated with an average dose of 2500 mg L-tryptophan (L-T) at bedtime. Comparison of pre- and post-drug polysomnograms showed significant improvement in obstructive sleep apnea but not with central sleep apnea. Most dramatic improvement is seen in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea in non-REM sleep only, but severity of apnea appears to be the most important factor determining improvement. L-T increased REM time and shortened REM latency but had no other significant effects on sleep architecture. Serotoninergic activity with a defect in feedback control of tryptophan-serotonin metabolism is postulated as a potential mechanism in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea. The enhanced usefulness of L-T in combination with protriptyline is predicted based on early preliminary work at the OSU Sleep Center. The Potential influence of dietary intake on respiratory automaticity is reviewed.