gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Approach to Wave Field Reconstruction Filtering in Spatio-Temporal Frequency Domain (2012)

For transmission of a physical sound field in a large area, it is necessary to transform received signals of a microphone array into driving signals of a loudspeaker array to reproduce the sound field. We propose a method for transforming these signals by using planar or linear arrays of microphones and loudspeakers. A continuous transform equation is analytically derived based on the physical equation of wave propagation in the spatio-temporal frequency domain. By introducing spatial sampling, the uniquely determined transform filter, called a wave field reconstruction filter (WFR filter), is derived. Numerical simulations show that the WFR filter can achieve the same performance as that obtained using the conventional least squares (LS) method. However, since the proposed WFR filter is represented as a spatial convolution, it has many advantages in filter design, filter size, computational cost, and filter stability over the transform filter designed by the LS method.
Predictors of Parkin Mutations in Early-Onset Parkinson Disease (2010)

Age at onset, Hispanic race/ethnicity, and family history of PD are associated with carrying any parkin mutation (heterozygous, homozygous, or compound heterozygous) and heterozygous mutations alone. The increased odds of carrying a parkin mutation among Hispanics warrants further study.
Prediction of protein-ligand interactions from paired protein sequence motifs and ligand substructures (2017)

Identification of small molecule ligands that bind to proteins is a critical step in drug discovery. Computational methods have been developed to accelerate the prediction of protein-ligand binding, but often depend on 3D protein structures. As only a limited number of protein 3D structures have been resolved, the ability to predict protein-ligand interactions without relying on a 3D representation would be highly valuable. We use an interpretable confidence-rated boosting algorithm to predict protein-ligand interactions with high accuracy from ligand chemical substructures and protein 1D sequence motifs, without relying on 3D protein structures. We compare several protein motif definitions, assess generalization of our model's predictions to unseen proteins and ligands, demonstrate recovery of well established interactions and identify globally predictive protein-ligand motif pairs. By bridging biological and chemical perspectives, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict protein-ligand interactions using only motif-based features and that interpretation of these features can reveal new insights into the molecular mechanics underlying each interaction. Our work also lays a foundation to explore more predictive feature sets and sophisticated machine learning approaches as well as other applications, such as predicting unintended interactions or the effects of mutations.
The Influence of Academic Stress and Season on 24-Hour Concentrations of Growth Hormone and Prolactin* (1991)

Stress has been considered a physiological regulator of GH and PRL secretion in humans. The stressors used in studies have often been extreme. The influence of commonplace stressors on the endocrine system has not been clarified. Therefore, to better define the role of commonplace stressors on GH and PRL secretion, we evaluated the effect of examination stress on GH and PRL secretion in 37 male medical students. We performed hourly sampling for 24 h for GH and PRL 4 weeks before, during exam week, and 2 weeks after major examinations in the fall and spring of their first year. Stress, as evaluated by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), increased as expected during examination weeks, but there was no correlation between the PSS scores and mean day or night GH and PRL secretion. Twenty-four-hour GH and PRL secretion was not significantly altered during examinations in either fall or spring. A significant seasonal influence, however, was noted on GH secretion, with both daytime and nocturnal GH secretion being consistently higher in the Fall than in the Spring. We conclude that examination stress does not significantly influence mean daytime or nocturnal GH and PRL concentrations. We suggest that serum GH and PRL levels may not be significantly altered in man by commonplace stressors. Also, seasonal effects may be operative in the control of human GH secretion.
Modélisation de l'écoulement de fluides en loi puissance en milieux fibreux anisotropes (2007)

L'écoulement de fluide en loi puissance à travers des milieux fibreux anisotropes est étudié en s'appuyant sur les résultats théoriques obtenus par la méthode d'homogénéisation des structures périodiques. Afin de determiner la structure de la loi d'écoulement, des simulations numériques ont été réalisées sur des volumes élémentaires représentatifs d'un milieu fibreux modèle 2D constitué d'un arrangement carré de fibres parallèles de sections circulaires ou elliptiques. Enfin une méthodologie, basée sur l'étude de courbes d'iso-dissipation mécanique ainsi que la théorie de représentation des fonctions tensorielles, est proposée afin de formuler la loi d'écoulement macroscopique. Cette méthodologie est illustrée sur les résultats numériques obtenus.
Photoisomerization Observed by Means of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1993)

We have studied the interfacial structure of a photochromic molecule, 4,4'-dioctyloxyazobenzene (8AB8), on molybdenum disulphide by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with molecular resolution. We found at least two interfacial structures. The STM image of one of the structures was easily distorted upon irradiation with UV light, while that of the other structure was quite stable under UV light irradiation. In a wide area of several hundred nanometers, we observed that some steps with equal height changes of 1.1 nm moved during the irradiation. We interpreted that trans-cis photoisomerization causes molecular layers to be torn off one by one.
Reconstruction of Pharyngeal Defects Using AlloDerm and Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Flap (2001)

Thick AlloDerm, reinforced with SCM muscle or cervical soft tissue, provides a useful alternative option for reconstruction of pharyngeal defects that cannot be closed primarily. It is safe and effective and provides excellent functional outcomes.
Fishing for Accessory Binding Sites at GPCRs with ‘Loop‐Hooks’ – An Approach towards Selectivity? Part I (2014)

Receptor-subtype selectivity is an important issue in medicinal chemistry and can become very difficult to achieve if the actual binding pockets of the respective receptors are highly conserved. For such cases, known unselective ligands could be equipped with a spacer that sticks outside the actual orthosteric binding pocket towards the extracellular loops. The end of the spacer bears certain functional groups to enable specific or unspecific interactions with the receptor residues outside the binding cavity. Our experiments indicated that it is possible to achieve selectivity within the dopamine D1 family with such 'loop-hooks'.
Are Biologic Grafts Effective for Hernia Repair? (2008)

Biologic grafts for hernia repair are a relatively new development in the world of surgery. A thorough search of the Medline database for uses of various biologic grafts in hernia shows that the evidence behind their application is plentiful in some areas (ventral, inguinal) and nearly absent in others (parastomal). The assumption that these materials are only suited for contaminated or potentially contaminated surgical fields is not borne out in the literature, with more than 4 times the experience being reported in clean fields and the average success rates being higher (93% vs 87%). Outcomes prove to be highly dependent on material source, processing methods and implant scenarios with failure rates ranging from zero to more than 30%. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) grafts have an aggregate failure rate of 6.7% at 19 months whereas acellular human dermis (AHD) grafts have a failure rate of 13.6% at 12 months. Chemically cross-linked grafts have much less published data than the non-cross-linked materials. In particular, the search found 33 articles for SIS, 32 for AHD, and 13 for cross-linked porcine dermis. Furthermore, the cumulative level of evidence for each graft material was fairly low (2.6 to 2.9), and only 1 material (SIS) had level 1 evidence reported in any hernia type (inguinal and hiatal). Together, biologic grafts have published evidence showing success rates better than 90% overall and more than 2000 years of cumulative implant time. Improvements in materials, techniques, and patient selection are likely to improve these numbers as this field of surgery matures.
Functional morphology of the “tongue‐bite” in the osteoglossomorph fish <i>Notopterus</i> (1989)

Osteoglossomorph fishes are characterized by having three sets of jaws: a mandibular jaw apparatus (MJA) anteriorly, a pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) posteriorly, and a tongue-bite apparatus (TBA) associated with basihyal and parasphenoid teeth. The TBA is a novel complex feature of the head that characterizes osteoglossomorph fishes and provides a case study in the origin of novel functions and roles in the vertebrate musculoskeletal system. The function of the tongue-bite in the osteoglossomorph fish Notopterus was characterized by using high-speed cinematography and electromyography. The tongue-bite is used during intraoral prey processing to shred and disable prey. Two distinct uses of the TBA were defined on the basis of kinematic and electromyographic profiles: raking and open-mouth chewing. During raking behavior, the prey is held fixed in the MJA, the neurocranium is elevated, and the pectoral girdle is retracted. The adductor mandibulae, hypaxialis, epaxialis, and posterior intermandibularis muscles are all highly active, but only very low activity is observed in the sternohyoideus muscle. During open-mouth chewing behavior, the prey is located within the oral cavity, posterior pectoral girdle rotation is less than during raking, and the levator operculi muscle shows relatively high activity. We propose that a shearing action of the basihyal (moved anteroposteriorly by the posterior intermandibularis and hypaxial muscles) with respect to the neurocranium (elevated by epaxial muscles) is the critical aspect of the tongue-bite in Notopterus. The body muscles (epaxials and hypaxials) provide the main power for the tongue-bite. We hypothesize that lack of sternohyoideus activity during intraoral prey processing, posterior pectoral girdle rotation, and a long-fibered posterior intermandibularis muscle are novel structures associated with the tongue-bite apparatus within osteoglossomorph fishes.
Workspace and Reachability Analysis of a Robotic Arm for Sample Cache Retrieval from a Mars Rover (2015)

The return of Martian samples to earth could require extraction of a sample cache from the proposed Mars 2020 mission rover by a follow-up mission that would include a retrieval rover and robotic arm. Several major parameters that govern the design required to accomplish this goal include the length, mounting height, and degrees of freedom (DoF) of the robotic arm, the size of the rover it is mounted to, and the sample cache stowage location on the Mars 2020 mission rover. To assess the feasibility of this objective and begin understanding the architectural trade-space, a set of analyses was developed that explores the impact of these variables on cache accessibility. A software tool was developed that uses kinematics and collision detection to determine cache accessibility in the area around Mars 2020 through variation in the aforementioned parameters, as well as the robustness in retrieval rover approach angle at these locations. The results demonstrate that the minimum size arm needed to retrieve the cache from all possible locations and mounting heights is approximately two meters in length. A comparison of single versus double elbow arm configurations reveals that having a double elbow results in up to 30% improvement in reachable space.
Increased Mutation Frequency after Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Non-permissive XC cells (1985)

The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on the frequency of mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus was studied in the non-permissive XC cell line. When the cells were infected with 20 to 800 p.f.u./cell, there was initially a lag in cell growth and cell death, but after 4 days there was no difference in growth rate between infected and control cultures. However, the mutation frequency, as determined by the number of 6-thioguanine-resistant colonies, was increased in infected cultures by factors ranging from 2.5 to 10.3. This effect was found to be dependent on the multiplicity of infection. The maximum effect was obtained between 20 and 100 p.f.u./cell while further increase in the amount of virus resulted in a drop in the yield of mutants. The optimum multiplicity of infection was a reproducible characteristic but was variable between viral stocks. When a number of mutant clones were examined they were found to have HGPRT activities ranging from undetectable to 6.9% of wild-type, indicating that the mutations were in the HGPRT gene. These results show that, in a non-productive infection, HSV-2 particles can increase the mutation frequency. The possible mechanisms by which this effect is brought about in the host genome are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMIE MIT ZIRKULAR POLARISIERTEM LICHT (1974)

Abstract Im Rahmen eines Überblicks wird die Induktion von optischer Aktivität durch zirkular polarisiertes Licht im allgemeinen diskutiert.
Residual Strength Validation of a Composite Stiffened Panel Virtually Impacted (2014)

Most modern structural system designs rely on a damage tolerance philosophy, which means that a structure can withstand some damage without failure. The residual strength of a structure, i.e. the load that a damaged structure can still carry without failure, can be significantly affected by the presence of a crack or a damaged area and is usually substantially lower than the strength of the undamaged structure [1] . In the study presented in this paper MSC.Nastran sol700 explicit solver has been used to simulate different impact conditions on a stiffened composite panel [2] . This has allowed estimating and analysing the damage effects on the matrix and fibers of the composite panel. The virtual damaged panel has been loaded in a non-linear implicit simulation using MSC.Nastran sol400 solution to predict the residual strength [3–6] . The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental tests.
Fracture Initiation From Inclined Wellbores in Anisotropic Formations (1996)

Summary This paper presents a wellbore stability design code that can be used to optimally drill, complete and stimulate inclined wells. The design code was developed for the most general case where the borehole, in-situ stress, and rock property coordinate frames are totally independent of each other. It essentially consists of a three-dimensional linear elastic stress analysis in anisotropic formations. Although this particular paper is only limited to tensile failure, based on the minimum normal stress theory, the numerical model is also able to consider shear failure by involving a generalized three-dimensional anisotropic yield criterion. The design code enables the selection of the most optimum borehole orientation and wellbore fluid gradient to avoid fracture initiation. It is also useful in conducting sensitivity studies, particularly when the data is scanty. A remarkable finding by exercising such code was that fracture initiation is strongly dependent on the formation an isotropy; a contradiction to the current industry thinking. Introduction Sedimentary rocks, because of their depositional environments, have a laminated structure with directional properties which are best described as transversely isotropic. Rahn showed that the moduli of elasticity of a foliatedrock can vary by about 50%, if measured normally and parallel to the beddingplane. Shale, a common sedimentary rock which accounts for 75% of the drilled sections in the world and causes 90% of the wellbore stability problems, is a transversely isotropic material. Coal, another sedimentary r6ck commonly encountered during drilling of shallow formations, is an orthotropic material which has also been known to cause considerable borehole instability problems. Fracture initiation occurs when the stress at the borehole wall, or its vicinity, goes into tension and exceeds the rock's tensile strength. This usually happens when there is an excessive wellbore pressurization such as during hydraulic fracturing stimulations or during highly overbalanced drilling operations. Traditionally, fracturing due to tensile splitting of the rock was predicated using the linear elastic stress distribution around a wellbore in homogenous and isotropic media. However, in view of the inadequacy of simple isotropic models to describe the behavior of real rocks, a more complex model describing more realistically the rock response, needed to be developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Rhizoferrin, an Iron Chelator. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wafer topography measurement by fast optical scanning deflectometry (2004)

Fast optical scanning deflectometry has been introduced for the measurement of the surface figure of optical surfaces. The measurement principle is based on physical ray tracing by means of a narrow laser beam deflected by an oscillating mirror and a large lens arranged for telecentric scanning. A new design of an instrument capable of measuring 12-inch wafers within 60 s and with a slope resolution better 1 /spl mu/rad is presented.
Experimental assessment of end-to-end behavior on Internet (2002)

A simple experiment designed to capture the end-to-end behavior of the Internet is described. The measurements indicate that the IP level service provided in the network yields high losses, duplicates, and reorderings of packets. In addition, the round-trip transit delay varies significantly. These measurements indicate that the network may have several problems which still need to be analyzed in order to improve the efficiency of protocols and control mechanisms that it uses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous Removal of Organic Pollutants, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus from Livestock Wastewater by Microbubble-Oxygen in a Single Reactor (2017)

The effects of microbubble-oxygen physicochemical method for the removal of organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorus contained in animal manure were investigated using a laboratory scale single reactor. The characteristics of used livestock manure were 36,894 5,024 mg TCOD/L, 22,031 2,018 mg SCOD/L, 4,150 35 mg NH4-N/L, and 659 113 mg PO4-P/L. It was confirmed that the amount of organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal was increased by the use of oxygen rather than air as the gas supplied with the microbubble, and by input of larger oxygen amount. When the oxygen was fed with 600 mL flow rate per minute, TCOD and phosphorus removal were 2.5 times and 5.6 times higher than those of air supplied. As the microbubble-oxygen reaction time was longer, the removal rate of nutrients increased gradually. The removal rates of ammonium and phosphorus reach to 41.03 0.20% and 65.49 1.39%, respectively, after 24 hours. When the coagulation treatment method was applied to increase phosphorus removal rate from the effluent of microbubble-oxygen treatment, the phosphorus was removed up to 92.7%. However, the removal rate of organic pollutants (TCOD) was as small as 28.7 0.2% within the first 6 hours, and then the negligible removal of TCOD was recorded. This study suggests that microbubble-oxygen can be applied not only livestock manure but also aeration tank of various wastewater treatment plant, which can reduce the load on the associated unit process and produce stable high-quality effluent.
Bite force measurements on natural and implant restored teeth in a porcine model in vivo: a preliminary report (2005)

The impact of bite force on the marginal bone response around implants is a subject of debate. The measurement of these forces in vivo may provide us some guidance towards the long term outcome of oral implants. A novel design of a device for bite force measurements in a porcine model is described. A single polyethylene sheet was vacuum formed into a splint, and a force sensor fitted on to the splint occlusal surface and seated in with a silicon layer. This design enabled measurement of bite forces (range 200-520N) on selected teeth in a large animal model with natural dentition and single implant crowns. The technical design and force preliminary recordings are discussed.
Effects of the foal at the milking and dietary supplementation with extra virgin olive oil on jennet milk production (2009)

The effects of the foal at the milking and the extra virgin olive oil supplementation in the diet, on the milk obtained by 12 Ragusana jennets were studied. The jennets were each fed 3.5+1.5 kg/d of concentrate+bran, and hay ad libitum. They were divided into 2 equal groups with one group receiving an additional dietary supplement of 100 ml/d of olive oil. Milk was collected at day 20 post foaling and every 15-18 d for 5 times. At each collection period jennets were milked 4-times per day. At 07:30 h foals were separated from the jennets and after a 4 hour interval were milked manually (1MNF;1st milking, foal absent). At the end of the 1MNF, each jennet was milked again, with the foals kept near the udder, but prevented from suckling (2MYF; 2nd milking, foal present). After 2MYF, foals were removed a second time and the sequence repeated after another 4 hour interval for the 3rd (3MNF) and 4th (4MYF) milkings. Milk yield was recorded at each milking and samples analyzed for qualitative variables. The milk yield was 26% higher than that reported by Giosuè et al. (2008) in similar conditions. The milk fat content were positively influenced by the presence of the foal at the milking but was not effect by the dietary supplement of olive oil.
Antileishmanial Potential of Chondrococcus hornemanni against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis (2014)

Antileishmanial Potential of Chondrococcus hornemanni against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Exploration of safe and effective antileishmanials from natural resources is an active area of research. Therefore we have selected C. hornemanni to evaluate its antileishmanial potential. The crude ethanol extract and its fractions were tested both in vitro and in vivo. The crude ethanol extract yielded almost (88.0 ± 6.9% inhibition of promastigotes and 75.8 ± 5.2% inhibition of intracellular amastigotes at 100 μg/ml concentration with IC50 values of 29.5 μg/ml and 40.6 μg/ml, respectively.