gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance: paradox, actions and economics (2006)

The threat from antimicrobial-resistant organisms is accumulating and accelerating. One strand of the action that an adequate response to this threat demands is good clinical governance through management and audit of antimicrobial prescribing in hospitals. This is the subject of another article in this issue of the Journal, which describes the guidelines developed by the Scottish Medicines Consortium and Scottish Health Executive to tackle this problem. However, the problems posed by resistant organisms are wider still. In a period of increased threat, innovation (new drugs and technologies) seems to be in decline. There are grounds for serious concern that the current economic model is not capable of responding adequately. Governments need to acknowledge and address this fact. Patient outcomes will suffer increasingly if governments do not act to change the status quo.
Resident Evil, Apocalipsis: si los zombis dominaran la Tierra (2004)

In the present work, oregano leaves (Origanum vulgare L.) are explored as natural source of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity. To do this, subcritical water extraction (SWE), a new environmentally friendly technique, is employed as extraction procedure and HPLC coupled to DAD is used for the chemical characterization of the extracts. Moreover, the radical scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the determination of the total phenolic content (measured with the Folin test) are applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The extraction of antioxidants from oregano leaves by SWE is studied considering different temperatures (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 degrees C) to investigate the selectivity of the process. The highest antioxidant activity is observed for the extract obtained at the highest temperature, 200 degrees C (EC(50) equal to 10 microg/ml). Moreover, the extraction yield was also the highest (54% dry weight) at these extraction conditions. The total phenolic content showed no differences among the different extracts, concluding that the amount of phenolic compounds extracted was similar but the type and structure of the phenolics was different, providing in this way different antioxidant activity. Some compounds could be tentatively identified, proposing some probable chemical structures for some of them, such as flavanones, dihydroflavonols, favonols and flavones.
Serotyping of Chlamydia: antibodies to lymphogranuloma venereum strains compared by microimmunofluorescence and neutralization tests (1978)

The microimmunofluorescence test with hyperimmune rooster sera against lymphogranuloma venereum strains gave the same serotype patterns obtained in the standard mouse serum system. Results in a plaque reduction test appeared similar when only 3 prototype strains were tested, but differed when a battery of 11 strains were tested.
Means of Review (2021)

Abstract This chapter examines appeals and other types of recourse, including extraordinary motion for review. The ability to appeal from or otherwise challenge judgments is a well-established feature amongst procedural systems, albeit it is, in principle, not recognised by the European Court of Human Rights as falling within the ambit of the right to fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The present European Rules of Civil Procedure adopt the approach that there is a right to appeal, albeit one that may only be exercised with the permission of the appellate court according to special provisions with respect to access and scope. In this way the appellate process, and the right to appeal, provides an effective balance between the principles of finality in litigation, accuracy in decision-making, expedition, and proportionality. Principle 27 of the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles addresses the necessity of keeping the right balance between diverging aspects of the rule of law as follows: ‘(2) The scope of appellate review should ordinarily be limited to claims and defenses addressed in first-instance proceeding. (3) The appellate court may in the interest of justice consider new facts and evidence’.
Volatile components of alfalfa: possible insect host plant attractants (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile components of alfalfa: possible insect host plant attractantsRon G. Buttery and James A. KammCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 5, 978–981Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60231a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60231a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review on fluoride, with special emphasis on calcium fluoride mechanisms in caries prevention (1997)

Low concentrations of fluoride have a beneficial effect on enamel and dentin de- and remineralization. After fluoride treatments, such as topical applications, rinses or dentifrices, salivary fluoride concentrations decrease exponentially in a biphasic manner to very low concentrations within a few hours. For treatments to be effective over periods longer than the brushing and the following salivary clearance, fluoride needs to be deposited and slowly released. Calcium fluoride (or like) deposits act in such a way, owing to a surface covering of phosphate and/or proteins, which makes the CaF2 less soluble under in vivo conditions than in a pure form in inorganic solutions. Moreover, due to the phosphate groups on the surface of the calcium fluoride globules, fluoride is assumed to be released with decreasing pH when the phosphate groups are protonated in the dental plaque.
Automatic CAC Voxel Classification with Multi-scale CNN Architecture (2019)

Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) score is one of the most important measures in determining the degree of cardiovascular disease. It is time-consuming to do this manually or semi-automatically, so automatic CAC scoring methods are being studied. Most methods classify the calcified pixels(2D) or voxels(2.5D or 3D) and calculate the CAC score. We present a new automatic CAC voxel classification model with multi-scale CNN architecture which can reflect the advantages of large receptive CNN and small receptive CNN. This study used a cardiac CT dataset of 98 patients from Asan Medical Center in South Korea. The dataset consisted of a cardiac CT DICOM raw data and a CAC label data annotated by a cardiac radiologist. A total of 10,000 voxels were selected for each calcified artery(LM, CX, LAD, RCA) and background(BG), so a total of 50,000 voxels were used in training and testing. Our proposed model showed an accuracy of 89.58% with cardiac CT dataset of Asan Medical Center. The performance of our model is generally better when compared to other automatic CAC classification models.
Finite element method (FEM) and impulse response method (IRM) analysis of circular and rectangular transducers (2002)

In the paper circular transducers with axially-symmetric vibrational profiles were considered. Analytical formulas for the impulse response function h(X,t) for circular transducers and vibration velocity profiles approximated by the linear polynomials on the finite element (annulus) were established. Moreover, similar formulas were obtained for rectangular transducers and linear approximation of the vibrational velocity on the finite element (triangle). These formulas enable accurate calculations of acoustic field distributions in near and far-field respectively. Calculated profiles of an acoustic field were compared with the experimental data. An efficient (coupling) between the calculations of vibrational velocity profiles and the corresponding acoustic field distributions was established.
PII1: a protein involved in starch initiation that determines granule number and size in Arabidopsis chloroplast (2018)

Abstract The initiation of starch granule formation is still poorly understood. However, soluble starch synthase 4 (SS4) appears to be a major component of this process since it is required to synthetize the correct number of starch granules in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. A yeast-2-hybrid screen allowed the identification of several putative SS4 interacting partners. We identified the product of At4g32190 locus as a chloroplast-targeted PROTEIN INVOLVED IN STARCH INITIATION (named PII1). Arabidopsis mutants devoid of PII1 display an alteration of starch initiation process and accumulate, on average, one starch granule per plastid instead of the 5 to 7 granules found in plastids of wild-type plants. These granules are larger than in wild type and they remain flat and lenticular. pii1 mutants display wild-type growth rates and accumulate standard starch amounts. Moreover, starch characteristics, such as amylopectin chain length distribution, remain unchanged. Our results reveal the involvement of PII1 in starch priming process in Arabidopsis leaves through interaction with SS4.
EFFECT OF SMALL INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DAMPING ON THE STABILITY OF CONTINUOUS NON-CONSERVATIVE SYSTEMS (2005)

An effect of small internal and external damping on the stability of continuous non-conservative systems is investigated. A theory is developed, qualitatively and quantitatively describing the destabilization paradox in non-conservative systems, i.e. the jump in the critical load and frequency of the system when small dissipative forces are taken into account. The theory is based on the bifurcation analysis of multiple eigenvalues of non-self-adjoint boundary eigenvalue problems depending on parameters. It is shown that the destabilization paradox is related to the perturbation of the double eigenvalue of a circulatory system by small damping. The formulae are derived, which describe the behavior of eigenvalues of a non-conservative system due to change of the load and damping parameters. Explicit expressions for the jumps in the critical load and frequency are found. Stabilization conditions for small damping are established. As a mechanical example the stability of a viscoelastic rod with small internal and external damping, loaded by tangential follower force, is studied in detail.
Alpha synuclein gene expression profile in the retina of vertebrates. (2007)

An involvement of alpha-synuclein can be postulated in neurotransmission at axon terminals of photoreceptors in the OPL, and at presynaptic endings of bipolar and amacrine cells in the IPL. As well, this protein could have a role in the function as well as the maintenance of photoreceptor OS. Alpha-synuclein contained in RPE cells should derive not only from protein expression by this cell type, but also from their phagocytosis of OS disc membranes.
Detection of signals by information theoretic criteria: general asymptotic performance analysis (2002)

Detecting the number of sources is a well-known and a well-investigated problem. In this problem, the number of sources impinging on an array of sensors is to be estimated. The common approach for solving this problem is to use an information theoretic criterion like the minimum description length (MDL), or the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Although it has been gaining much popularity and has been used in a variety of problems, the performance of information theoretic criteria-based estimators for the unknown number of sources has not been sufficiently studied, yet. In the context of array processing, the performance of such estimators were analyzed only for the special case of Gaussian sources where no prior knowledge of the array structure, if given, is used. Based on the theory of misspecified models, this paper presents a general asymptotic analysis of the performance of any information theoretic criterion-based estimator, and especially of the MDL estimator. In particular, the performance of the MDL estimator, which assumes Gaussian sources and structured array when applied to Gaussian sources, is analyzed. In addition, it is shown that the performance of a certain MDL estimator is not very sensitive to the actual distribution of the source signals. However, appropriate use of prior knowledge about the array geometry can lead to significant improvement in the performance of the MDL estimator. Simulation results show a good fit between the empirical and the theoretical results.
196. Chalcones and related compounds. Part I. Preparation of nitro-, amino-, and halogeno-chalcones (1957)

W. Davey and J. R. Gwilt, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1008 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001008
The ABCs of IP Addressing (2001)

Our world is rapidly becoming an Internet-based world, with tens of millions of homes, millions of businesses, and within a short period of time, possibly hundreds of millions of mobile professionals accessing the literal mother of all networks. One of the key problems affecting many Internet users, ranging from individual professionals to networki
NEW STYLE VTS FORCES RETHINK (1987)

The Wimpol VTS, a Vessel Traffic Service system that interfaces land and shipboard systems through the use of appropriate hardware and software, is explained and its configuration is illustrated. The concept has generally been regarded as too costly and complex to be suitable for all vessels and ports. Dedicated ferry operations are, however, a feasible and economically appropriate application for this new-style VTS.
Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Activity of Chalcones Mannich Base Derivatives (2014)

Mannich AChE
Regulation of Epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> Channel (ENaC) in the Salivary Cell Line SMG-C6 (2009)

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids modulate Na+ transport via epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC). The rat submandibular epithelial cell line, SMG-C6, expresses alpha-ENaC mRNA and protein and exhibits amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport when grown in low-serum (2.5%) defined medium, therefore, we examined the effects of altering the composition of the SMG-C6 cell growth medium on ENaC expression and function. No differences in basal or amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current (Isc) were measured across SMG-C6 monolayers grown in the absence of thyroid hormone, insulin, transferrin, or EGF. In the absence of hydrocortisone, basal and amiloride-sensitive Isc significantly decreased. Similarly, monolayers grown in 10% serum-supplemented medium had lower basal Isc and no response to amiloride. Adding hydrocortisone (1.1 microM) to either the low or 10% serum medium increased basal and amiloride-sensitive Isc, which was blocked by RU486, the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor antagonist. Aldosterone also induced an increase in alpha-ENaC expression and Na+ transport, which was also blocked by RU486 but not by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone. Thus, in the SMG-C6 cell line, hydrocortisone and aldosterone increased ENaC expression and basal epithelial Na+ transport. The absence of endogenous ENaC expression in culture conditions devoid of steroids makes the properties of this cell line an excellent model for investigating pathways regulating ENaC expression and Na+ transport.
Vacuum preparation of pure cesium by electrolysis of glass (1976)

A method is described for metering up to about 10 mg of pure Cs into a vacuum system. The Cs is electrolyzed out of a Cs2O-containing glass in contact with molten CsNO3. Experimental evidence shows that less than 1% of the Cs lost from the glass is replaced by diffusion from the salt melt. However, in absence of the melt, Cs ion currents rapidly decay. Using melt, the glass shatters after about 20% of its Cs content has been electrolyzed away. The conduction process is characterised by 137Cs tracer experiments and current–temperature data involving a number of alkali salts. The salt, which does not have to be molten, probably supplies alkali cations to the surface region of the glass, where negative charges on silicate groups accumulate under influence of the electric field. Some decomposition of the glass occurs during electrolysis with the formation of silica.
Lesiones en artes marciales chinas frente a otros deportes de lucha e individuales (2013)

Las artes marciales son ejercicios para el cuerpo, la mente y el espiritu que se originaron en Oriente y que incluyen la practica del boxeo y la autodefensa. En todo el mundo, hay alrededor de 200 disciplinas de artes marciales. El estudio de las lesiones en artes marciales es complicado. No es un tema de investigacion popular en la comunidad cientifica internacional, y en Espana es un tema que apenas se ha abordado. OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia y el tipo de las lesiones en los practicantes de Wushu, Judo y Karate de la Comunidad de Madri. METODO: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo observacional longitudinal sobre las lesiones de Judo, Karate y Wushu. Se tomaron 150 deportistas de cada disciplina. Se les pregunto sobre las lesiones sufridas en un lapso de 5 anos durante su practica deportiva. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de lesiones fue entre un 20 y 25% mayor en judo y karate respectivamente que en wushu. Un 56% de los judokas, un 36.7% de los karatekas y un 38.9% de los practicantes de wushu fueron lesionados hasta el punto de tener que dejar de entrenar. De esas lesiones, en el caso del judo, un 42.9% fueron esguinces o distensiones. En el caso del karate, hubo mayoria de esguinces y distensiones (39.3%) pero los practicantes de wushu sufrieron un 44.3% de otras lesiones sin especificar. DISCUSION Y CONCLUSIONES: El Judo tiene el mayor porcentaje de lesiones, seguido del Wushu y el Karate. La lesion predominante en el Judo y el Karate es el esguince o distension. En el Wushu la mayor parte de las lesiones son de tipo inflamatorio. No se ha encontrado en la muestra estudiada una influencia del sexo o la edad en la presencia de lesiones
StoryMat (1999)

In this paper, we present the design and prototype of StoryMat: a soft interactive play mat that records and recalls children's storytelling activities.
Steiner tree algorithms (1999)

Connecting a set of points S together in a minimal fashion using a superset of S is the Steiner Minimal Tree (SMT) problem. This thesis examines three variations of the SMT problem, proposes algorithms, and analyzes how close these algorithms come to approximating the minimal (optimal) cost structures.
The effect of the aflatoxins B1, G1, and G2 on protein and nucleic acid synthesis in rat liver (1967)

A comparison has been made of the difference spectra obtained by causing various aflatoxins (B(1), G(1) and G(2)) to interact with calf-thymus DNA. The effect of these toxins on RNA and protein synthesis by rat-liver slices has been measured. The extent of their inhibitory action on the synthetic reactions was proportional to the degree of spectral shift obtained with their interaction with DNA. It is proposed that their toxicity depends on this interaction. It was demonstrated that the RNA polymerase of nucleoli isolated from the livers of aflatoxin B(1)-poisoned rats was inhibited. This finding is in agreement with the proposed mechanism for the hepatotoxic action of aflatoxin.
Grating writing through the fibre coating using a 248 nm excimer laser (2003)

Fiber Bragg gratings have been written through the fiber coating using a 248-nm excimer laser for the first time to our knowledge. A standard off-the-shelf coating was used, and 92% reflectivity gratings were obtained with an index change of 2.4/spl times/10/sup -4/.
Efficacy and outcome of expanded newborn screening for metabolic diseases - Report of 10 years from South-West Germany * (2011)

Physical and cognitive outcome in patients with presymptomatic diagnosis of metabolic disorders included in the current German screening panel is equally good as in phenylketonuria, used as a gold standard for NBS. Extended NBS entails many different interrelated variables which need to be carefully evaluated and optimized. More reports from different parts of the world are needed to allow a comprehensive assessment of the likely benefits, harms and costs in different populations.
Chemistry and Geothermal Systems (1977)

With the threat of depletion of conventional sources of energy there has been increased interest in harnessing geothermal energy for mans use in many countries. However, there are comparatively few people with wide experience in the science and technology of developing this new energy resource. Geothermal training programs are therefore being organized by many governments, universities, and industries, and there is a need for literature that summarizes the current state of knowledge in various facets of the work. We have drawn upon our background as geochemists with experience in many New Zealand and overseas geothermal areas, to provide information on the theories and methods used in the geochemical aspects of geothermal work. We also describe and seek to place in context the contributions from other sciences in a geothermal development program and provide, as a background, descriptions of the nature and occurrence of geothermal areas. While aimed at geothermal specialist training, the book may also provide useful material in graduate earth science courses, as well as be of general interest to geologists, geophysicists, chemists, and chemical engineers. The first two chapters review the extent of geothermal development throughout the world and outline the geological and hydrological features of geothermal areas. With this introduction, the chemistry of geothermal fluids is then described in detail, and the reasons for the various fluid compositions are interpreted through the chemical and mineralogical reactions that occur in the geothermal systems. A brief description of the physical and chemical nature of high-temperature water solutions follows to aid this understanding. Procedures of geochemical field and laboratory work are considered in detail in Chapters 5 and 6 with particular reference to New Zealand experiences. The basic information, theory, and data required for the chemical work are provided. The approach is practical with many examples. Recomended sequences are given for the geological, geophysical, and geochemical work required in investigating a new geothermal area. Chapter 7 gives examples of the calculations necessary to interpret geochemical results, and methods of storing, retrieving, and interpreting data. The use of chemistry to monitor changes in a geothermal fields is described.
INFLUENCE OF MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF ICEBREAKER HULLS ON THEIR POWERING REQUIREMENTS AND MANEUVERABILITY IN ICE. (1976)

The ice resistance equation developed from the parametric test results was used in an optimization program to provide the main dimensions, power, and estimated cost of a least-initial-cost large polar icebreaker.