gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plastic retina: image enhancement using polymer grid triode arrays (1996)

An array of polymer grid triodes (PGTs) connected through a common grid functions as a 'plastic retina' which provides local contrast gain control for image enhancement. This device, made from layers of conducting polymers, functions as an active resistive network that performs center-surround filtering. The PGT array with common grid is a continuous analog of the discrete approach of Mead, with a variety of fabrication advantages and with a significant saving of 'real estate' within the unit cell of each pixel.
Stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine triphosphate) activity by low concentrations of circulating glucose in perfused rat liver (1975)

1. After nicotinic acid treatment, rat liver glycogen is depleted and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased, to about twice the initial value. 2. The increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity promoted by nicotinic acid is prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, suggesting that this effect is produced by synthesis of the enzyme de novo. 3. Despite the enhancement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and glycogen depletion, which occurs 5h after the injection of nicotinic acid, the gluconeogenic capacity of liver is low and considerably less than the values found in rats starved for 48h. 4. When the livers of well-fed rats are perfused in the presence of low concentrations of glucose, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase significantly increases compared with the control. 5. This increase is not related to the glycogen content, but seems to be also the result of synthesis of the enzyme de novo, since this effect is counteracted by previous treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. 6. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is not increased in the presence of low concentrations of circulating glucose when 40 mM-imidazole (an activator of phosphodiesterase) is added to the perfusion medium. 7. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the perfusion medium results in an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, in spite of the presence of normal concentrations of circulating glucose. On the other hand, the concentration of cyclic AMP in the liver increases when that of glucose in the medium is low. 8. These results suggest that, in the absence of hormonal factors, the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase can be accomplished by glucose itself, inadequate concentrations of it resulting in the induction of the enzyme. The mediator in this regulation, as in hormonal regulation, seems to be cyclic AMP.
Wet Fractionation Process: Preservation and Utilization of Pressed Alfalfa Forage (1979)

Lactation, digestion, and laboratory silo fermentation trials compared wet fractionated alfalfa silage treated with formic acid to conventional low-moisture silage. Eight Holstein and two Ayrshire cows in midqactation were fed either the formic-acid treated, pressed silage, or conventional low moisture silage as the only source of forage plus grain according to milk production. Daily intake of dry matter from forage, total intake of dry matter, and 4% fat-corrected milk production were similar for treatments. Ruminal concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (molar %) and ammonia nitrogen (rag/100 ml) were 61.3, 55.3; 19.5, 21.1; 13.5, 14.8; 18.63, 32.99; for formic-acid pressed silage and conventional low-moisture silage treatments. Apparent digestion coefficients for formic-acid pressed and low-moisture silage were: dry matter 66.3, 67.1; crude protein 71.9, 76.5; and hemicellulose 69.4, 57.4. Pressed forages treated with .00, .20, .35, .50, and .65% formic acid were incubated at 37.8 C for 60 days in evacuated plastic bags. As formic acid increased, ammonia nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, and acetic acid decreased while the concentration of cell wall constituents and
Limits of NbTi and Nb3Sn, and Development of W&R Bi-2212 High Field Accelerator Magnets (2006)

NbTi accelerator dipoles are limited to magneticfields (H)of about 10 T, due to an intrinsic upper critical field (Hc2) limitationof 14 T. To surpass this restriction, prototype Nb3Sn magnets are beingdeveloped which have reached 16 T. We show that Nb3Sn dipole technologyis practically limited to 17 to 18 T due to insufficient high fieldpinning, and intrinsically to 20 to 22 T due to Hc2 limitations.Therefore, to obtain magnetic fields approaching 20 T and higher, amaterial is required with a higher Hc2 and sufficient high field pinningcapacity. A realistic candidate for this purpose is Bi-2212, which isavailable in roundwires and sufficient lengths for the fabrication ofcoils based on Rutherford-type cables. We initiated a program to developthe required technology to construct accelerator magnets from'windand-react' (W&R) Bi-2212 coils. We outline the complicationsthat arise through the use of Bi-2212, describe the development paths toaddress these issues, and conclude with the design of W&R Bi-2212sub-scale magnets.
Multi-scale observation of surface temperature on Parco delle Biancane and Sasso Pisano (Italy) sites: from space to proximal measurements (2020)

&lt;p&gt;During the field campaign held on June 2018 at Parco delle Biancane and Sasso Pisano areas, near Grosseto (Italy), we have measured the surface temperature using data acquired by different sensors at different spatial resolutions: Earth Observation (EO) data from the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) airborne imaging data and thermal images acquired by the FlyBit drone. ECOSTRESS has five spectral bands in the range 8-12.5 &amp;#956;m and pixel size resolution (at nadir) of 69x38 m (2 pixels in cross track and 1 pixel in down track); HyTES is an airborne imaging spectrometer having 256 spectral channels in the range 7.5-12 &amp;#956;m and high spatial resolution (0.8 m for the June campaign);&amp;#160;VUE PRO-R mounted on FlyBit drone acquires in the range 7.5-13.5 &amp;#181;m with a spatial resolution depending on the flight altitude (in this work the pixel size is about 0.25 m). In addition, the Sony Alpha 600 visible camera was mounted on the FlyBit drone to acquire a very high resolution optical images over the test site. Our goal is to test the possibility to integrate data at different observation scales and to use the proximal measurements to better understand the thermal structure of test sites, also related to the area morphology and to validate the methodology for estimating the surface temperature by using EO data.&lt;/p&gt;
[Role of MEK1/ERK1, 2 pathways in the calcium-sensing receptor mediation of hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells]. (2013)

Calcium-sensing receptor mediates hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through ERK1, 2 pathways.
THE PRESERVATION OF SUBSTANCE P BY LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (1957)

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) potentiated the response of guinea-pig ileum to substance P but not to histamine. It also inhibited the disappearance of substance P when incubated with guinea-pig brain extract but not when incubated with chymotrypsin. Eserine, morphine, mescaline, chlorpromazine, ergometrine, strychnine and 2 bromo-LSD did not have this effect. Oxytocin was not destroyed by brain extract. The inhibition of the destruction of substance P by LSD could be antagonized by 2 bromo-LSD. This effect of LSD may have some relation to its pharmacological actions.
Post-synaptic Alpha-blockade and Brachial Artery Compliance in Essential Hypertension (1984)

Central (six patients) and brachial (12 patients) haemodynamics were studied in men with sustained essential hypertension before and after intravenous administration of an alpha post-synaptic adrenergic blocking drug, urapidil. Brachial arterial compliance was evaluated non-invasively from the simultaneous measurement of pulse wave velocity and arterial diameter. In basal conditions, arterial compliance was reduced in hypertensives. Urapidil caused a significant drop in blood pressure, due to a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance with no change in cardiac output and heart rate. Brachial arterial diameter and compliance did not change significantly. The results show that the decreased arterial compliance in hypertensive patients was not due exclusively to the elevation of blood pressure or to a predominant activation of the autonomic nervous system, or both. Such observations suggest that, in men with sustained essential hypertension, the decreased compliance was probably related to structural alterations of large arteries.
Chapter 1: A3 adenosine receptor ligands in the treatment of inflammation and cancer (2016)

A3 adenosine receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to P1 family of purinergic receptors. It is widely distributed in human organs and tissues with various expression levels. In particular, A3 adenosine receptor is highly expressed in several immune cells and cancer cell lines. For this reason its modulation is intensively studied for the involvement in inflammation and cancer. Ligands (agonists and antagonists) presenting high affinity and selectivity for the A3 adenosine receptor are essential for determining the role of such receptor in these pathophysiological conditions and, eventually, for the development of potential drugs for their treatment. In this review we summarize old and new discoveries on therapeutic applications of the A3 adenosine receptor in inflammation and cancer, and highlight the most important agonists and antagonists developed for the A3 adenosine receptor, explicitlythose in clinical trials for the treatment of inflammation and/or cancer.
Structure of a quinolone-stabilized cleavage complex of topoisomerase IV from<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>and comparison with a related<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>complex (2016)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for a range of common infections, including pulmonary pneumonia, bloodstream infections and meningitis. Certain strains of Klebsiella have become highly resistant to antibiotics. Despite the vast amount of research carried out on this class of bacteria, the molecular structure of its topoisomerase IV, a type II topoisomerase essential for catalysing chromosomal segregation, had remained unknown. In this paper, the structure of its DNA-cleavage complex is reported at 3.35 Å resolution. The complex is comprised of ParC breakage-reunion and ParE TOPRIM domains of K. pneumoniae topoisomerase IV with DNA stabilized by levofloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. This complex is compared with a similar complex from Streptococcus pneumoniae, which has recently been solved.
Anionic Polymerization of <i>p</i>-Pentamethyldisilyl-, <i>p</i>-Heptamethyltrisilyl-, and <i>p</i>-nonamethyltetrasilylstyrenes (2003)

The anionic polymerizations of p-pentamethyldisilylstyrene (1), p-heptamethyltrisilylstyrene (2), and p-nonamethyltetrasilylstyrene (3) were carried out under various conditions. The polymerizations of 1 and 2 proceeded in a living manner in THF at −78 °C to quantitatively afford polymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Suitable initiators for these living anionic polymerizations were sec-BuLi, lithium, sodium, and potassium naphthalenides, cumylpotassium, and living oligomers of α-methylstyrene lithium, sodium, and potassium salts. Well-defined diblock copolymers, poly(1)-block-polystyrene, poly(2)-block-polystyrene, polystyrene-block-poly(1), and polystyrene-block-poly(2) were successfully synthesized under similar conditions by a two-step sequential monomer addition, namely, styrene followed by 1 or 2, or vice versa. In contrast, the polymerization of 3 was problematic. No polymer was obtained in the polymerization of 3 in either THF at −78 °C or benzene at 40 °C with sec-BuLi and oligo(α-methylstyryl)lithium. Using oligo(α-methylstyryl)potassium as an initiator, 3 was polymerized quantitatively in THF at −78 °C for 0.5 h. Unfortunately, the side reaction, presumably attack of the Si−Si−Si−Si bond by the growing chain-end anion, could not be completely suppressed during the polymerization, which resulted in the formation of high molecular weight polymers by coupling between polymer chains.
A novel synthesis of .ALPHA.-halo carbonyl compounds using metal halides. (1976)

The α-position of active methylene compounds which were activated by the carbonyl group was halogenated using metal halides in the presence of peroxides.
Pivot Walking of an Inertially Actuated Robot (2016)

In this paper, we introduce an inertially actuated robot that moves in the horizontal plane. The robot is actuated by using two spinning masses. The mathematical model of the system is developed and the equations of motion are derived. The role of surface friction in the robot's motion is also investigated. We presented a theorem that proves the accessibility of affine-control nonlinear systems and applied it to our robot. Thereby, we showed that the system is not controllable without surface friction. In addition, we designed a variable structure controller to regulate specific gait pattern that we define as “pivot walking.” In addition, a trajectory generation algorithms is presented for mapping a given desired path to set of kinematic characteristic. Then, we numerically demonstrate that this approach leads to successful locomotion of the robot. Finally, we built a prototype to experimentally verify the theoretical concepts.
Crystal and molecular structure of 1,1-di-(p-nitrophenyl)ethylene (1971)

The crystal and molecular structure of 1,1-di-(p-nitrophenyl)ethylene has been determined as part of a study on diarylhalogenoethylenes and related compounds. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with Z= 4, in a unit cell of dimensions a= 7·978(1), b= 19·386(1), c= 8·304(1)Å, and β= 97·12(1)°. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and has been refined to R= 0·079 for 1590 reflections. Conformational analysis was also carried out by semi-theoretical methods and gave good agreement with the experimental results.
Fiber-Optical Switch Controlled by a Single Atom (2013)

We demonstrate highly efficient switching of optical signals between two optical fibers controlled by a single atom. The key element of our experiment is a whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonator, which is coupled to a single atom and interfaced by two tapered fiber couplers. This system reaches the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics, leading to a vacuum Rabi splitting in the excitation spectrum. We systematically investigate the switching efficiency of our system, i.e., the probability that the fiber-optical switch redirects the light into the desired output. We obtain a large redirection efficiency reaching a raw fidelity of more than 60% without postselection. Moreover, by measuring the second-order correlation functions of the output fields, we show that our switch exhibits a photon-number-dependent routing capability.
Evaluation of a Screening and Counseling Tool for Alcohol Misuse: A Virginia Practice Support and Research Network (VaPSRN) Trial (2012)

A computer-assisted counseling tool for alcohol misuse and abuse can be implemented in primary care settings and shows promise for improving physician screening and interventions for alcohol misuse. To enhance utility in daily clinical practice we recommend design enhancements and strategies to enhance usage as described in this research.
Synthesis and Characterization of [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)Mn(CO)<sub>2</sub>(SR)]; RS Radicals as Ligands (1984)

The deep-violet paramagnetic manganese complexes 2 can be obtained from 1 by reaction with thioles and oxygen. According to the EPR spectrum of 2a the unpaired electron resides in a MO with highly metallic character. The compounds 2 can be reversibly reduced cyclovoltammetrically.
Speed-Related Effects on the Recording Mechanism of Dye Based Optical Write-Once Media (2006)

High speed recordable media often show only marginal modulation at the lowest recording speeds. This reduction is caused by bumps formed in the polycarbonate substrate during writing. After treating sliced discs with NaOH, holes were found underneath the written marks in the bottom of the grooves only in the case of high speed recording. This effect can be explained by postulating an additional polycarbonate layer with a lower refractive index. Simulations show that this extra layer increases modulation at high recording speeds. The simulation coincides well with experimental results.
Change in Yield Strength of Ultra Low Carbon Steels with Cr Addition (2010)

The relationship between ferrite grain diameter and upper yield strength was investigated for cold-rolled and annealed ultra low carbon steel sheets containing various chromium contents from 0 to 23%. The upper yield strengths were dropped with annealing temperature and the tangent of the change in the yield strength was decreased with increasing in chromium content. The coefficient in Hall–Petch equation decreased linearly with chromium content. This is attributed to lowering solute carbon content at grain boundaries with precipitation of chromium carbide since the decrease was not due to ferrite region hot-rolling nor to α′ phase precipitation in high chromium steel. While friction stress (σ0) in Hall–Petch equation of air-cooled sheets after annealing showed the minimum at chromium content of 5%, σ0 of the lower chromium content steels increased and became to show linear relationship for chromium content after 150°C aging. This result indicates that σ0 increases with chromium content by solid solution strengthening. The reason why the minimum σ0 is exhibited in the 5% chromium steel air-cooled after annealing is that the amount of decrease in σ0 by retardation of aging during air-cooled process is larger than that of solid-solution strengthening by chromium.
In vitro studies of group E streptococci in swine leukocytes. 3. The migration inhibition test as an indication of delayed hypersensitivity in streptococcic lymphadenitis. (1973)

A procedure for conducting tests for leukocyte migration inhibition was developed for swine leukocytes. Leukocytes from normal swine were found to be inhibited by a factor of less than 20% in the presence of the whole cell antigen of group E Streptococci (GES). However, the migration of leukocytes from swine which had been exposed to GES was inhibited by more than 60% in the presence of the antigen. This was considered as significant and an indication for the presence of delayed hypersensitivity to GES in previously exposed swine.
Production of lipoteichoic acid by lactobacilli and streptococci grown in different environments (1982)

Representative strains of Streptococcus sanguis serotype 2 and of four Lactobacillus species were examined for the production of cellular and extracellular lipoteichoic acid (LTA) when grown at pH 6.0 in batch culture to the stationary phase with either glucose or fructose. Extracellular LTA was a minor component in all cases except for L. fermentum and L. casei NIRD R094 grown in fructose. The total amount of LTA (cellular and extracellular) produced by fructose-grown cultures was also considerably greater for these two strains, for L. salivarius, and also two of the S. sanguis strains. Growth of L. fermentum and L. casei in continuous culture in a chemostat showed that generation time and pH of growth can influence the total amount of LTA and the proportion of extracellular material. The results for glucose-limited cultures were quite disparate, with L. fermentum forming considerably more extracellular LTA than L. casei. However, in fructose-limited cultures L. fermentum formed less total LTA and L. casei more so that the differences were only minor. A difference in the utilization of glucose and fructose by the heterofermentative L. fermentum and the homofermentative L. casei strains is also indicated by differences in the yield of organisms at different dilution rates in continuous culture.
Subclavian vein catheterization for central line placement in children under 2 years of age. (1985)

Using subclavian vein catheterization after unsuccessful internal jugular venous puncture, the authors have been successful in 23 of 32 children younger than 2 years of age. There was no mortality, and minimal morbidity, with this procedure. Cannulation should be performed in most cases on the first insertion of the needle, and the Seldinger technique using a J-wire aids in catheter placement. Though we did not cause pneumothorax, the inability to obtain a chest x ray prior to the operative procedure in most patients causes us to suggest that this technique be used only on those patients requiring an open chest operative procedure.
O<sub>2</sub> Binding to Heme is Strongly Facilitated by Near‐Degeneracy of Electronic States (2013)

This paper reports the computed O2 binding to heme, which for the first time explains experimental enthalpies for this process of central importance to bioinorganic chemistry. All four spin states along the relaxed Fe-O2-binding curves were optimized using the full heme system with dispersion, thermodynamic, and scalar-relativistic corrections, applying several density functionals. When including all these physical terms, the experimental enthalpy of O2 binding (-59 kJ mol(-1)) is closely reproduced by TPSSh-D3 (-66 kJ mol(-1)). Dispersion changes the potential energy surfaces and leads to the correct electronic singlet and heptet states for bound and dissociated O2. The experimental activation enthalpy of dissociation (~82 kJ mol(-1)) was also accurately computed (~75 kJ mol(-1)) with an actual barrier height of ~60 kJ mol(-1) plus a vibrational component of ~10 and ~5 kJ mol(-1) due to the spin-forbidden nature of the process, explaining the experimentally observed difference of ~20 kJ mol(-1) in enthalpies of binding and activation. Most importantly, the work shows how the nearly degenerate singlet and triplet states increase crossover probability up to ~0.5 and accelerate binding by ~100 times, explaining why the spin-forbidden binding of O2 to heme, so fundamental to higher life forms, is fast and reversible.
Shunting in cryptococcal meningitis (2015)

OBJECT Patients with cryptococcal meningitis often develop symptomatic intracranial hypertension. The need for permanent CSF diversion in these cases remains unclear. METHODS Cases of cryptococcal meningitis over a 5-year period were reviewed from a single, large teaching hospital. Sources of identification included ICD-9 codes, operative logs, and microscopy laboratory records. RESULTS Fifty cases of cryptococcal meningitis were identified. Ninety-eight percent (49/50) of patients were HIV positive. Opening pressure on initial lumbar puncture diagnosing cryptococcal meningitis was elevated (> 25 cm H2O) in 33 cases and normal (≤ 25 cm H2O) in 17 cases. Thirty-eight patients ultimately developed elevated opening pressure over a follow-up period ranging from weeks to years. Serial lumbar punctures for relief of intracranial hypertension were performed in 29 cases. Thirteen of these patients ultimately had shunting procedures performed after failing to improve clinically. Two factors were significantly associated with the need for shunting: patients undergoing shunt placement were more likely to be women (5/13 vs 0/16; p = 0.01) and to have a pattern of increasing CSF cryptococcal antigen (10/13 vs 3/16 cases; p = 0.003). All patients re-presenting with mycological relapse either underwent or were offered shunt placement. CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgeons are often asked to consider CSF diversion in cases of cryptococcal meningitis complicated by intracranial hypertension. Most patients do well with serial lumbar punctures combined with antifungal therapy. When required, shunting generally provided sustained relief from intracranial hypertension symptoms. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the favored method of diversion. To the authors' knowledge, the present study is the largest series on diversionary shunts in primarily HIV-positive patients with this problem.