gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU-E-T-99: A Patient Specific QA Protocol for Verification of 4D Dosimetry (2011)

Purpose: Presently, there is no patient specific dosimetric QA for radiation treatment of moving targets. Here we present a patient specific QA protocol for verification of 4D dosimetry delivered to a moving target in SBRT of lung and liver tumors. Methods and Materials: The protocol proceeds as follows. The patientˈs breathing pattern is recorded during 4D simulation and imported to a dynamic phantom incorporating a target that moves within an artificial lung or liver respectively. The patientˈs treatment plan (e.g. VMAT) is then recalculated on the free-breathing CT of the dynamic phantom. The target is replaced with a 3D dosimeter (Presage), which is then irradiated while moving with the patientˈs breathing pattern. The dose in Presage is determined by optical-CT, and compared with the planned dose, to generate a 4D dose verification index. An end-to-end test of the protocol was performed on a target undergoing known motion (amplitude 1.5cm, frequency 5s). Under-dose and interplay effects were studied in 3DCRT, IMRT, and VMAT treatment plans, where the static target volume was covered 100% with a prescribed dose of 10Gy. Results: The whole process from sample preparation to completion of analysis takes about 1.5 hours for a non-interruptive operation in the chain. Measured 3D dose distributions were obtained for moving phantom targets, for all plans, with isotropic resolution of 1mm3. In the control study, where motion was absent, good agreement was observed between planned and measured dose distributions with a 90% 3D gamma pass rate. Clear evidence of interplay and target under-dosing was observed in all motion deliveries under free-breathing. The under-dose at the edge of both ends of the dosimeter along the moving direction was in excess of 30%. Conclusion: Comprehensive patient specific QA of 4D dosimetry for SBRT of moving lung and liver targets is feasible with the Presage/Optical-CT system.
The promise of an interneuron‐based cell therapy for epilepsy (2010)

Of the nearly 3 million Americans diagnosed with epilepsy, approximately 30% are unresponsive to current medications. Recent data has shown that early postnatal transplantation of interneuronal precursor cells increases GABAergic inhibition in the host brain and dramatically suppresses seizure activity in epileptic mice. In this review, we will highlight findings from seizure-prone mice and humans that demonstrate the link between dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition and hyperexcitability. In particular, we will focus on rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common and difficult to treat form of the disease, and interneuronopathies, an emerging classification. A wealth of literature showing a causal link between reduced GABA-mediated inhibition and seizures has directed our efforts to recover the loss of inhibition via transplantation of interneuronal precursors. Numerous related studies have explored the anticonvulsant potential of cell grafts derived from a variety of brain regions, yet the mechanism underlying the effect of such heterogeneous cell transplants is unknown. In discussing our recent findings and placing them in context with what is known about epilepsy, and how related transplant approaches have progressed, we hope to initiate a frank discussion of the best path toward the translation of this approach to patients with intractable forms of epilepsy.
The fate of alkane radical cations in liquid and solid hydrocarbons. Time-resolved fluorescence detected magnetic resonance (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe fate of alkane radical cations in liquid and solid hydrocarbons. Time-resolved fluorescence detected magnetic resonanceD. W. Werst, M. G. Bakker, and A. D. TrifunacCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1, 40–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00157a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00157a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observations of proton beam enhancement due to erbium hydride on gold foil targets (2009)

Recent theoretical work suggests that the conversion efficiency from laser to protons in laser irradiated thin foil experiments increases if the atomic mass of nonhydrogen atoms on the foil rear surface increases. Experiments were performed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Jupiter Laser Facility to observe the effect of thin foils coated with erbium hydride on the conversion efficiency from laser to protons. Gold foils with and without the rear surface coated with ErH3 were irradiated using the ultrashort pulse, 40 TW Callisto laser. An argon-ion etching system was used to remove naturally occurring nanometer thick surface layer contaminants from the hydride. With the etcher, gold with ErH3 showed a 25% increase in the conversion efficiency to protons above 3.4 MeV relative to contaminants, where C+4 and H+ were the dominant ion species. No difference in the ion signal was observed without first cleaning the hydrides. Simulations using the hybrid PIC code, LSP, revealed that the increase due to erbium hydride versus contaminants is 37% for protons above 3 MeV.
Genetic Risk for Subsequent Neoplasms Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer (2018)

Purpose Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs), but the germline genetic contribution is largely unknown. We assessed the contribution of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in cancer predisposition genes to their SN risk. Patients and Methods Whole-genome sequencing (30-fold) was performed on samples from childhood cancer survivors who were ≥ 5 years since initial cancer diagnosis and participants in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, a retrospective hospital-based study with prospective clinical follow-up. Germline mutations in 60 genes known to be associated with autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndromes with moderate to high penetrance were classified by their pathogenicity according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Relative rates (RRs) and 95% CIs of SN occurrence by mutation status were estimated using multivariable piecewise exponential regression stratified by radiation exposure. Results Participants were 3,006 survivors (53% male; median age, 35.8 years [range, 7.1 to 69.8 years]; 56% received radiotherapy), 1,120 SNs were diagnosed among 439 survivors (14.6%), and 175 P/LP mutations were identified in 5.8% (95% CI, 5.0% to 6.7%) of survivors. Mutations were associated with significantly increased rates of breast cancer (RR, 13.9; 95% CI, 6.0 to 32.2) and sarcoma (RR, 10.6; 95% CI, 4.3 to 26.3) among irradiated survivors and with increased rates of developing any SN (RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 9.3), breast cancer (RR, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 24.4), nonmelanoma skin cancer (RR, 11.0; 95% CI, 2.9 to 41.4), and two or more histologically distinct SNs (RR, 18.6; 95% CI, 3.5 to 99.3) among nonirradiated survivors. Conclusion The findings support referral of all survivors for genetic counseling for potential clinical genetic testing, which should be prioritized for nonirradiated survivors with any SN and for those with breast cancer or sarcoma in the field of prior irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of 7‐Deoxy‐N‐acetylneuraminic Acid and 7‐O‐Methyl‐ N‐acetylneuraminic Acid. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Rates of Brain Metastases and Association With Breast Cancer Subtypes in Ontario, Canada (2022)

Incidence and time to development of BRM vary significantly by breast cancer subtype. A better understanding of the biology of intracranial metastatic disease may help inform potential screening programs or preventative interventions.
The Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System Proves Successful in Battle (2004)

Abstract : While Operation Iraqi Freedom remains ongoing, one initial military success is the operation of the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) in preventing friendly fire accidents in missions covering hundreds of miles of territory and hundreds of maneuvering combat units. With the AFATDS , robust communication architecture, the entire theatre was provided with a common understanding of the battlefield fire support situation.
Transposon-916-Iike Elements in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecium (1989)

Tetracycline (Tc) resistance was found in nine out of ten clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Conjugative transposons, designated Tn5031, Tn5032 and Tn5033, were present in the chromosome of three isolates. The transposons were similar both structurally and functionally to Tn916 containing the tetM determinant. A large non-conjugative plasmid found in a fourth isolate contained an element homologous to Tn916. The four isolates containing the element showing homology to Tn916 exhibited a substantially higher level of Tc resistance than the remaining five Tc-resistant isolates. Tc-resistance genes which have not been identified are apparently responsible for the low-level Tc resistance in five clinical isolates.
Estrogen Receptor Ligands. Part 15: Synthesis of Benzothiopyran-based Selective Estrogen Receptor Alpha Modulators (SERAM) (2006)

Benzothiopyran (2) was prepared and the bioactive (+)-2 was found to exhibit a reduced affinity toward the estrogen receptors (ERα/β) when compared to the corresponding dihydrobenzoxathiin (+)-1.
Effects of oral equiblocking doses of a cardioselective and noncardioselective  -adrenergic blocking agent on left ventricular function in the normal conscious dog (1978)

The effects of propranolol, a noncardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, and practolol, a cardioselective agent, on left ventricular function were compared in an awake dog model at an equiblocking dose range. Both agents produced modest depression of inotropic state at rest, and during volume and phenylephrine loading. No significant differences between the two agents were detected.
The dynamics of software development project management: An integrative systems dynamic perspective (1984)

Rather than continuing to focus on software development projects per se, the system dynamics modeling approach outlined is extended to investigate a broader set of issues pertaining to the software development organization. Rather than trace the life cycle(s) of one or more software projects, the focus is on the operations of a software development department as a continuous stream of software products are developed, placed into operation, and maintained. A number of research questions are "ripe'' for investigating including: (1) the efficacy of different organizational structures in different software development environments, (2) personnel turnover, (3) impact of management approaches such as management by objectives, and (4) the organizational/environmental determinants of productivity.
Constitutive expression of p53 protein in enriched normal human marrow blast cell populations [see comments] (1992)

Previous studies by others using metabolic labeling, cell lysis, and immunoprecipitation have reported elevated levels of p53 protein in blast cells derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), whereas p53 protein was not detected in normal light-density bone marrow cells. In this report, using the same detection methods, we confirm the negligible expression of p53 protein in normal light density marrow cells. However, we find clearly significant levels of p53 protein expression in enriched normal human marrow blast populations. Furthermore, using a panel of p53 specific monoclonal antibodies, we find the p53 protein constitutively synthesized by normal marrow blasts has the immunologic phenotype identified by PAb240 that reportedly recognizes a common conformational-dependent epitope on mutant p53. We have also found that the p53 immunologic subclass identified by PAb240 exists in normal human circulating lymphocytes either resting, serum starved, or PHA activated. In summary, it is clear that (1) normal marrow blast populations provide the appropriate control for assessing the levels of p53 protein expression in leukemic blast cells; and (2) PAb240 cannot be used to distinguish p53 mutated at the DNA level from normal p53 in fresh human hematopoietic cells.
Self-heating in FinFET and GAA-NW using Si, Ge and III/V channels (2016)

The self-heating (SH) effect is studied experimentally and through simulations on an extensive set of industry-relevant solutions for FF and GAA-NW Si and high-mobility devices, with multiple processing options. Considerations for managing SH in future technologies are provided.
Coupled Activity-Dependent Trafficking of Synaptic SK2 Channels and AMPA Receptors (2010)

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) type 2 (SK2) channels are expressed in the postsynaptic density of CA1 neurons where they are activated by synaptically evoked Ca(2+) influx to limit the size of EPSPs and spine Ca(2+) transients. At Schaffer collateral synapses, the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increases the alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated contribution to synaptic transmission and decreases the synaptic SK2 channel contribution through protein kinase A-dependent channel endocytosis. Using a combination of electrophysiology and immunoelectron microscopy in mice, the relationship between the dynamics of spine SK2 channels and AMPARs was investigated. Unlike AMPARs, synaptic SK2 channels under basal conditions do not rapidly recycle. Furthermore, SK2 channels occupy a distinct population of endosomes separate from AMPARs. However, blocking vesicular exocytosis or the delivery of synaptic GluA1-containing AMPARs during the induction of LTP blocks SK2 channel endocytosis. By approximately 2 h after the induction of LTP, synaptic SK2 channel expression and function are restored. Thus, LTP-dependent endocytosis of SK2 is coupled to LTP-dependent AMPA exocytosis, and the approximately 2 h window after the induction of LTP during which synaptic SK2 activity is absent may be important for consolidating the later phases of LTP.
PTCT-05CHEMOTHERAPY ADMINISTRATION DIRECTLY INTO THE FOURTH VENTRICLE IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT FOURTH VENTRICULAR BRAIN TUMORS: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL (2015)

BACKGROUND: We hypothesize that chemotherapy can be safely and repeatedly administered directly into the fourth ventricle to treat recurrent malignant brain tumors in children. METHODS: For the first time in humans, methotrexate was infused into the fourth ventricle in children with recurrent, malignant brain tumors. A catheter was surgically placed into the fourth ventricle under direct visualization and attached to a ventricular access device. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow was confirmed by CINE MRI postoperatively. Each cycle consisted of 4 consecutive daily methotrexate infusions (2 milligrams). Disease response was monitored with serial MRI scans and CSF cytologic analysis. Trough CSF methotrexate levels were sampled. RESULTS: Five patients (3 with medulloblastoma and 2 with ependymoma) received 18, 18, 12, 9, and 3 cycles, respectively. There were no serious adverse events or new neurological deficits attributed to methotrexate. Two additional enrolled patients were withdrawn prior to planned infusions due to rapid disease progression. Median serum methotrexate level four hours after infusion was 0.04 micromoles per liter (µmol/L). Range was 0.02–0.13 µmol/L. Median trough CSF methotrexate level 24 hours after infusion was 3.18 µmol/L (range 0.53 - 212.36 µmol/L). All three patients with medulloblastoma had partial response or stable disease until one patient had progressive disease after cycle 18. Both patients with ependymoma had progressive disease after 9 and 3 cycles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data establish the safety of neurosurgical implantation of a catheter into the fourth ventricle and direct infusion of low-dose methotrexate into the fourth ventricle. Some patients with recurrent medulloblastoma experience a beneficial anti-tumor effect both within the fourth ventricle and at distant sites. These results support future clinical trials of direct infusion of chemotherapy and novel agents into the fourth ventricle for children with malignant posterior fossa tumors.
Manipulation of Norepinephrine Metabolism with Yohimbine in the Treatment of Autonomic Failure (1994)

It has been postulated that alpha 2-adrenergic receptors play a modulatory role in the regulation of blood pressure. Activation of alpha 2-receptors located in the central nervous system results in inhibition of sympathetic tone and decrease of blood pressure. This indeed may be the mechanism of action of central sympatholytic antihypertensives such as alpha-methyldopa. Presynaptic alpha 2-receptors also are found in adrenergic nerve terminals. These receptors act as a negative feedback mechanism by inhibiting the release of norepinephrine. The relevance of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors for blood pressure regulation can be explored with yohimbine, a selective antagonist of these receptors. Yohimbine increases blood pressure in resting normal volunteers. This effect is associated with an increase in both sympathetic nerve activity, reflecting an increase in central sympathetic outflow, and in norepinephrine spillover, reflecting potentiation of the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve terminals. These actions, therefore, underscore the importance of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors for blood pressure regulation even under resting conditions. Patients with autonomic failure, even those with severe sympathetic deprivation, are hypersensitive to the pressor effects of yohimbine. This increased responsiveness can be explained by sensitization of adrenergic receptors, analogous to denervation supersensitivity, and by the lack of autonomic reflexes that would normally buffer any increase in blood pressure. Preliminary studies suggest that the effectiveness of yohimbine in autonomic failure can be enhanced with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Used in combination, yohimbine increases norepinephrine release, whereas monoamine oxidase inhibitors inhibit its degradation. Therefore, yohimbine is not only a useful tool in the study of blood pressure regulation, but may offer a therapeutic option in autonomic dysfunction.
Toxicity of lead in aqueous medium to desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20. (2003)

The toxicity of Pb(II) to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was studied using Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 in a medium specifically designed to assess metal toxicity. The effects of Pb(II) toxicity were observed in terms of longer lag times, lower specific growth rates, and in some cases no measurable growth. With an increase in medium pH from 6 to 8, Pb(II) toxicity decreased. At all pH values, in the presence of Pb(II) concentrations ranging from 3 to 15 microM, specific growth rates decreased and lag times increased. The minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) of Pb(II) causing a complete inhibition in growth at pH 6 was 10 microM, as compared to 15 microM at pH 7.2 and 8. These MIC values are 40 times lower than previously reported for SRB. Results also show that with increases in initial cell protein concentration (inoculum size), soluble Pb(II) removal rates increased and the degree to which Pb(II) caused increased lag times was reduced. In the presence of Pb(II), in all cases in which D. desulfuricans grew (even after a 312-h lag time), the final cell protein concentration was equivalent to that of the Pb-free control. Live/dead staining, based on membrane integrity, indicated that while Pb(II) inhibited growth, Pb(II) did not cause a loss of D. desulfuricans membrane integrity.
Ruthenocenes and Half‐Open Ruthenocenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Use as CVD Precursors for Ruthenium Thin Film Deposition (2012)

Abstract Consecutive synthesis methodologies for the preparation of a series of trimethylsilyl and tert ‐butyl‐substituted ruthenocenes of the type Ru(η 5 ‐C 5 H 3 R 1 R 2 )(η 5 ‐C 5 H 3 R 3 R 4 ) ( 2 , R 1 = SiMe 3 , R 2 = R 3 = R 4 = H; 3 , R 1 = R 3 = SiMe 3 , R 2 = R 4 = H; 4 , R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = SiMe 3 , R 4 = H; 5 , R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = R 4 = SiMe 3 ; 6 , R 1 = R 3 = t Bu, R 2 = R 4 = H; 7 , R 1 = R 3 = t Bu, R 2 = SiMe 3 , R 4 = H; 8 , R 1 = R 3 = t Bu, R 2 = R 4 = SiMe 3 ) and Ru(η 5 ‐2,3‐Me 2 C 5 H 5 )(η 5 ‐C 5 H 4 R) ( 10 , R = t Bu; 12 , R = SiMe 3 ) are discussed and their use as a MOCVD precursor for the deposition of ruthenium is reported. The molecular structures of 3 , 5 – 8 , 10 , and 12 in the solid state are reported. The half‐open ruthenocenes 10 and 12 , which are liquids at ambient temperature, exhibit significantly shorter Ru–centroid (η 5 ‐2,3‐Me 2 C 5 H 5 ) bond lengths in contrast to ruthenocenes 3 and 5 – 8 . The thermal behavior of all ruthenocenes was studied by thermogravimetric analysis showing that they evaporate without decomposition at atmospheric pressure. In addition, vapor pressure measurements were carried out to obtain profound information about the volatility of the synthesized sandwich compounds. The highest vapor pressures were found for 10 and 12 . It was observed that the higher the number of SiMe 3 groups, the higher the deposition temperature. All compounds were applied as precursors in MOCVD. The depositions on Si/SiO 2 targets were carried out in a vertical cold‐wall CVD reactor between 633 and 688 K with a flow rate of 50 mL min –1 using nitrogen as the carrier gas and oxygen as the coreactant (50 mL min –1 ). With the t Bu‐functionalized ruthenocenes 6 and 10 ruthenium thin films were obtained, while mixed ruthenium/SiO 2 layers were formed with 2 , 7 , 8 , and 12 . The appropriate layers possess thicknesses between 75–135 nm and are conformal and dense as proven by SEM, EDX spectroscopy, and XPS studies.