gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Empirical Features of Congested Patterns at Highway Bottlenecks (2002)

An empirical study was undertaken of congested patterns at highway bottlenecks. On the basis of statistical data it was found that the spatialtemporal structure of congested patterns possesses some predictable features. From these features a classification of congested patterns was made. It was found that the most frequently observed congested pattern is the general pattern (GP). In GP synchronized flow occurs upstream of a bottleneck and wide moving jams spontaneously emerge in that synchronized flow. Capacity in free flow can be about twice as high as capacity in congested traffic upstream of the on-ramp if the GP has formed.
Prediction of BaSO<sub>4</sub> Precipitation in the Presence and Absence of a Polymeric Inhibitor:  Phosphino-polycarboxylic Acid (2001)

The induction periods of BaSO4 nucleation from supersaturated solutions have been measured over a wide range of conditions in the presence and absence of phosphino-polycarboxylic acid (PPCA). The inhibition of Barite nucleation in the presence of PPCA was correlated to the solution chemistry over a wide range of conditions. Only the dissociated fraction and the metal-complexed fraction of PPCA are effective to inhibit BaSO4 nucleation, while the protonated fraction has a poor inhibitory effect toward Barite nucleation. Ca2+ enhances the overall efficiency of PPCA through forming Ca−PPCA complexes and decreasing the fraction of protonated PPCA. Temperature does not strongly affect the Barite nucleation inhibition by PPCA. A set of equations has been proposed to model Barite nucleation time in the presence and absence of PPCA.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor expression and function in human soft-tissue sarcoma cells. (1998)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors are implicated in the development and progression of several malignancies including osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas (STS). To determine a role for ligand-mediated receptor activation in sarcoma progression, the relative expression and function of EGF-R, IGF-I-R, and several other molecular determinants implicated in the progression of mesenchymal neoplasms were evaluated in human sarcoma cells established from surgical specimens of primary and metastatic tumors. mRNA blot analyses demonstrated the expression of c-Met, p53, and MDM2-specific transcripts. Western blot analyses confirmed the production of high levels of p53 protein; however, minimal levels of MDM2 and c-Met proteins were detected. Analysis of STS cells #23, #26, and #50 originating from an unclassified sarcoma lung metastasis, a malignant fibrous histiocytoma lung metastasis, and a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, respectively demonstrated high steady-state levels of EGF-R and IGF-I-R mRNA transcripts and protein correlating with receptor-specific tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation in response to ligand. Treatment of these STS cells with EGF resulted in a >5 fold increase in DNA synthesis and mitogenesis compared with untreated controls. In contrast, treatment with IGF-I showed a variable STS growth response correlating with the origin of the tumor. These data support the involvement of EGF-R and IGF-I-R in the growth and metastasis of human soft tissue sarcoma and may offer new targets for therapeutic intervention in the management of this disease.
On p-norm Path Following in Multiple Kernel Learning for Non-linear Feature Selection (2014)

Our objective is to develop formulations and al-gorithms for efficiently computing the feature se-lection path – i.e. the variation in classification accuracy as the fraction of selected features is varied from null to unity. Multiple Kernel Learn-ing subject to lp≥1 regularization (lp-MKL) has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective techniques for non-linear feature selection. How-ever, state-of-the-art lp-MKL algorithms are too computationally expensive to be invoked thou-sands of times to determine the entire path. We propose a novel conjecture which states that, for certain lp-MKL formulations, the number of features selected in the optimal solution mono-tonically decreases as p is decreased from an initial value to unity. We prove the conjecture, for a generic family of kernel target alignment based formulations, and show that the feature weights themselves decay (grow) monotonically once they are below (above) a certain threshold at optimality. This allows us to develop a path fol-lowing algorithm that systematically generates optimal feature sets of decreasing size. The pro-posed algorithm sets certain feature weights di-rectly to zero for potentially large intervals of p thereby reducing optimization costs while simul-taneously providing approximation guarantees. We empirically demonstrate that our formula-tion can lead to classification accuracies which are as much as 10 % higher on benchmark data sets not only as compared to other lp-MKL for-mulations and uniform kernel baselines but also
Maintaining Object Ordering in a Shared P2P Storage Environment (2006)

To be considered a viable storage solution, modern peer-to-peer (P2P) storage systems must exhibit high availability and data persistence characteristics. In an attempt to provide these, most systems assume a continuously connected and available underlying communication infrastructure. This however is not warranted in any real large-scale distributed system, and thus needs to be addressed. Continuous update systems that allow updating data by multiple writers have harder problems to overcome since the ordering of updates needs to be maintained independently of connectivity conditions. In this paper we propose a solution for maintaining a global view of the ordering even when severe connectivity disruptions take place, allowing the system to continue functioning while connectivity is disrupted and to recover from the disruption smoothly when connectivity is restored. To this end, we introduce and discuss three new concepts to the realm of P2P storage systems: 1) the maintenance of additional state information to detect and trace object updates during partitioning, 2) the usage of active decentralized object replication through shadow roots, and 3) the deployment of cryptographic technologies to allow for the recovery of private state information
Hydrogels: Temperature‐Sensitive Hydrogel‐Particle Films from Evaporating Drops (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 16/2015) (2015)

Most drying colloidal drops produce a useless stain. In article 1500371, T. Still and co-workers show how a simple one-step drying process can be utilized to prepare colloidal hydrogel films that consist of cross-linked micron-size poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) particles. These colloidal hydrogel particles have the unique ability to change their size with temperature. Thus, the PNIPAM films produced by drying drops reversibly change their size as well as their mechanical and optical properties as a function of temperature. Ultimately, these films present new materials with adjustable porosity, size, strength and light transmission.
A Tactile Vision-Substitution System for the Blind: Computer-Controlled Partial Image Sequencing (1985)

We have developed a computer-controlled tactile vision-substitution system as part of a study to maximize the use of the skin's ability to process spatial and temporal information. The system receives a 128-column × 64-row image from a commercially available digital camera. An IBM personal computer sections the image into a controllable number of 6 × 24 blocks. The computer then sequentially sends these blocks to the 6 × 24 vibratory fingertip stimulation matrix on an Optacon reading device for the blind. Custom hardware provides the interface between the IBM PC and the Optacon. The image manipulation software is written in Intel 8088 assembly code.
Gender Differences in Serotype 2 Adeno-Associated Virus Biodistribution After Administration to Rodent Salivary Glands (2007)

Salivary glands (SGs) have proven useful targets for clinical applications of gene therapeutics. In this toxicology and biodistribution study, which conforms to U.S. Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice regulations, four doses (10(7)-10(10) particles) of a serotype 2 adeno-associated viral (AAV2) vector encoding human erythropoietin were directly administered to the right submandibular gland of male and female BALB/c mice (n = 21 per gender dose group). Control-treated (saline administered; n = 66) and vector-treated (n = 168) animals did not differ in clinical appearance, morbidity and mortality rates, food and water consumption, weight gain ratios, and final weight. Clinical hematology values also were unaffected by AAV2 administration except for parameters influenced by the expression of the recombinant protein (e.g., hematocrit). Mice were killed on days 3, 30, 55, and 92. No major vector-related toxicity was uncovered after complete pathology and histopathology review. However, a significant gender-related difference in vector biodistribution was revealed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In male mice vector (group receiving 10(10) particles/animal) effectively transduced, and was primarily confined within, the SGs (i.e., approximately 800 times more copies in SGs than in liver; day 3) and long lived. In contrast, in female mice, SG transduction was less efficient (260-fold less than in males; day 3) and short lived, and vector was disseminated widely via both the bloodstream (SG:liver copy ratio, approximately 1) and saliva (30-fold greater than in males). The observed vector biodistribution is likely due to differences in AAV2 receptor targets and structural differences affecting SG integrity. Sexual dimorphism is a factor of major significance that could potentially affect gene therapy clinical applications in SGs.
3D Sensing Algorithms Towards Building an Intelligent Intensive Care Unit. (2013)

Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are chaotic places where hundreds of tasks are carried out by many different people. Timely and coordinated execution of these tasks are directly related to quality of patient outcomes. An improved understanding of the current care process can aid in improving quality. Our goal is to build towards a system that automatically catalogs various tasks being performed by the bedside. We propose a set of techniques using computer vision and machine learning to develop a system that passively senses the environment and identifies seven common actions such as documenting, checking up on a patient, and performing a procedure. Preliminary evaluation of our system on 5.5 hours of data from the Pediatric ICU obtains overall task recognition accuracy of 70%. Furthermore, we show how it can be used to summarize and visualize tasks. Our system provides a significant departure from current approaches used for quality improvement. With further improvement, we think that such a system could realistically be deployed in the ICU.
Measurements of Tidal Current Velocities in the Folda Fjord, Norway, With the Use of a Vessel Mounted ADCP (2014)

Measurements of tidal current water velocities is an important first step in evaluating the potential for a tidal site to be used as a renewable energy resource. For this reason, on site measurements are performed at the inlet of a fjord situated at the coast of Norway. The site has an average width of 580 m and a depth of 10–15 m which is narrow and shallow enough to give rise to water velocities that can be of use for energy conversion. With the use of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) cross-section measurements are conducted along four transects. The measurements covered flood and ebb currents around one tide and the data give a first approximation of the magnitude and distribution of the flow field. Depth averaged mean current velocities are calculated along the transects for horizontal bins with sizes in the order of 50 × 50 m. Maximum mean velocity for the flood currents were 1.31 m/s and 1.46 m/s for the ebb currents. The measurements show that even a small amount of data can give an indication of the potential and characteristics of the site.
Launching PAD (<i>Pathogens and Disease</i>): more than a new title! (2013)

The launch of Pathogens and Disease , which replaces FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology , represents much more than a change in title. The journal has been entirely re-conceived to embrace today's and tomorrow's research in infectious disease biology. In addition to well-established areas in molecular and cellular pathogenesis, and the host response to infection, Pathogens and Disease will highlight and showcase the role of microbial communities in infectious diseases, the continually expanding impact of systems biology approaches, and the experimental translational applications thereof. A rejuvenated editorial team including rising and established international experts has been recruited, and world-renowned microbiologists have joined the new journal as members of an all-new Editorial Board. Areas of focus for Pathogens and Disease include:

Pathogenesis does not happen in a Petri dish! Microbes outnumber human cells 10-fold, and we are not ‘majority owners’ of our own bodies. How does the host microbiota prevent – or contribute …
Understanding Cu-Al Limited-Volume Diffusion Towards Lifetime Prediction for Cu Wire Bonds. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Titanaspiro(7.7)heptasiloxane cis‐Bis(hexaphenyltrisiloxanediolato)dipyridinetitanium Bis(toluene) Solvate. (1989)

Abstract Dilithium tetraphenyldisiloxanediolate (I) reacts with the silyl chlorides (II) or (IV) to give the cyclic tetrasiloxane (III) or the bis‐(trimethylsilyl) derivative (V).
[Triple aneurysm of the Valsalva sinus complicated by right coronary occlusion: apropos of a case and review of the literature]. (1994)

We report a case of aneurysm of all three aortic sinuses. The patient suffered from both cardiac failure and angina pectoris. The diagnosis, suggested by echocardiography, was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed marqued dilatation of all three aortic sinuses. At operation, we observed dilatation of all three aortic sinuses, measuring 2 to 6 cm and partially thrombosed. We performed a Bentall operation with reimplantation of the left coronary artery ostium. The right coronary ostium was thrombosed and was revascularized by a saphenous vein bypass. Despite prolonged circulatory assistance and an intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, cardiopulmonary bypass could not be stopped and the patient died. This is a new case of multiple aneurysms of the aortic sinuses and also a case of aortic sinus aneurysm (ASA) complicated by coronary insufficiency. This last complication has a poor prognosis, as demonstrated by a review of the 28 cases described in the literature. MRI was found to be important for the diagnosis of the ASA, in combination with echocardiography and angiography which can underestimate the aneurysm because of the frequently associated mural thrombus.
Die Funktion des Ösophagus nach Kardiomyotomie bei der kindlichen Achalasie (1983)

Cardiomyotomy and fundoplication were performed in 7 children with achalasia of the oesophagus. They were followed up clinically, radiologically and manometrically from 7 to 18 years. Virtually all clinical symptoms and complaints disappeared immediately postoperatively and the patients remained free from symptoms well into adolescence except for very mild intermittent dysphagia in two of them. The residual mega-oesophagus and the disturbances of motility were least apparent in those operated on in early infancy. It may, therefore, be assumed that the motility pattern is more likely to return to normal in the oesophagus of the infant due to the relatively short period of dilatation. Fundoplication after Nissen did not alter the existing motility but was able to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux and its possible grave consequences in all cases.
Partial Resolution of the Enzymes Catalyzing Oxidative Phosphorylation (1968)

1. A mitochondrial membrane fraction from beef heart (TUA-CF0) was prepared from submitochondrial particles (TUA-particles) by fractionation with ammonium sulfate in the presence of 2% cholate. TUA-CF0 conferred rutamycin or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) on soluble, mitochondrial ATPase (F1) provided that the rutamycin sensitivity factor (Fc) and phospholipids were added. 2. In the absence of Fc and phospholipids, binding of F1 to TUA-CF0 took place with only a partial recovery of ATPase activity. On addition of Fc, a pronounced masking of this ATPase activity was observed. Reactivation of ATPase activity, which was now sensitive to rutamycin and DCCD, was achieved by addition of crude soybean phospholipids. 3. Some purified phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin, gave full reactivation of the masked ATPase activity, but low rutamycin sensitivity. Other phospholipids, e.g. phosphatidylethanolamine, gave only partial activation but high rutamycin sensitivity. 4. Exposure of TUA-CF0 or Fc to mild heating (55°) prevented the masking of added F1. Thus it appears that, like rutamycin sensitivity, the masking of the ATPase activity is dependent on two factors: one in the particles, the other in Fc.
Studies on the Chemical Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing the (6−4) Photoproduct of Thymine−Cytosine and Its Repair by (6−4) Photolyase (1998)

To prepare oligonucleotides containing the pyrimidine(6−4)pyrimidone photoproduct between thymine and cytosine, which is formed more efficiently than any counterpart at other dipyrimidine sites, a dimer building block of this photoproduct was synthesized. Irradiation of thymidylyl(3‘−5‘)deoxycytidine, with protecting groups at the phosphate and the 3‘-hydroxyl function, gave a hydrate of cytosine as the main product, and the formation of the (6−4) photoproduct reached a plateau faster than that from the thymidylyl(3‘−5‘)thymidine derivative. After chromatographic purification of the desired (6−4) photoproduct, a phosphoramidite building block was synthesized in three steps. When this compound was used for the usual oligonucleotide assembly on a solid support, it was found that acylation of the amino group of the 5‘-pyrimidine component occurred at the capping step. Oligonucleotides were synthesized successfully by omitting the capping steps after coupling of the (6−4) photoproduct unit. These synthetic oligonucleotides were applied to the characterization of the (6−4) photolyase. By HPLC analyses of the photoreactivation product and its nucleoside composition, it was demonstrated that this (6−4) photoproduct was repaired to its original pyrimidine components by this enzyme.
Whiteoak (2008)

This paper presents WHITEOAK: a JAVA extension that introduces structural type equivalence and subtyping into the language. We argue that structural subtyping addresses common software design problems, and promotes the development of loosely coupled modules without compromising type safety.
Overexpression, purification, and characterization of SHPTP1, a Src homology 2-containing protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. (1993)

A protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (PTPase; EC 3.1.3.48) containing two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, SHPTP1, was previously identified in hematopoietic and epithelial cells. By placing the coding sequence of the PTPase behind a bacteriophage T7 promoter, we have overexpressed both the full-length enzyme and a truncated PTPase domain in Escherichia coli. In each case, the soluble enzyme was expressed at levels of 3-4% of total soluble E. coli protein. The recombinant proteins had molecular weights of 63,000 and 45,000 for the full-length protein and the truncated PTPase domain, respectively, as determined by SDS/PAGE. The recombinant enzymes dephosphorylated p-nitrophenyl phosphate, phosphotyrosine, and phosphotyrosyl peptides but not phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, or phosphoseryl peptides. The enzymes showed a strong dependence on pH and ionic strength for their activity, with pH optima of 5.5 and 6.3 for the full-length enzyme and the catalytic domain, respectively, and an optimal NaCl concentration of 250-300 mM. The recombinant PTPases had high Km values for p-nitrophenyl phosphate and exhibited non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics for phosphotyrosyl peptides.
Prediction of Glucose Oxidation Rate during Exercise (2008)

Recently, the relationship between percentage maximal heart rate vs. glucose oxidation rate has been proposed as a tool for estimating glucose oxidation rate during exercise in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The reliability of this relationship and its applicability to long-term exercise is evaluated. Eight healthy volunteers performed a graded cycloergometric exercise (10-min steps at 30, 50, 70, 90 % of ventilatory threshold). Heart rate and glucose oxidation rate (by indirect calorimetry) were measured during the last 5 min of each step. Volunteers underwent then three 1-hour constant intensity rides at 40, 60, 80 % of ventilatory threshold. Heart rate was recorded continuously; glucose oxidation rate was determined over 15-min periods. The percentage maximal heart rate vs. glucose oxidation rate relationship obtained from the graded exercise matched that previously reported. Independently of intensity, glucose oxidation rates observed during the 1-hr rides were linearly related to the estimated ones (R(2)>0.96, p<0.001), being, however, progressively over-estimated in subsequent exercise periods. The proposed correction yields values close to the identity line (y=1.001 x x; R2=0.974, p<0.001), the difference between observed and "corrected" values amounting to 0.23+/-2.17 mg x min (-1) x kg (-1). In conclusion, glucose oxidation rate can be estimated from heart rate, once proper correction factors are applied for long duration exercises.
Inflammatory stress and incipient apoptosis in primary venous and aortic endothelial cells (ECs) of type 1 diabetic mice (2009)

The progression of diabetic vasculopathy is associated with profound endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that markers of cellular stress would be detectable in ECs retrieved from both arteries and veins of type 1 diabetic mice. We directly isolated aortic and venous ECs from type 1 diabetic mice (streptozotocin) and age‐matched C57BL/6 controls. EC purity was supported by comparing levels of smooth muscle and leukocyte markers (amplified mRNA) between whole aorta (present) and aortic ECs (negligible). Gene expression profiling was performed using Mouse Endothelial Cell Biology RT² Profiler(tm) PCR Array and confirmed by real‐time PCR. At 18 weeks of age, Interleukin‐1b was 80x higher in aortic ECs and 15x higher in venous ECs of diabetic mice vs. controls (p=0.03, p=0.01, respectively). At 36 weeks of age, Caspase‐1 was 369x higher in aortic ECs and 618x higher in venous ECs of diabetic mice vs. controls (p=0.04, p<0.05, respectively). By western blot, trends towards higher levels of Cleaved Caspase‐3 protein were seen in aortic and venous ECs retrieved from diabetic mice vs. control mice (p=0.05). Given new minimally‐invasive techniques to harvest human venous ECs to track disease activity and gauge response to treatment, these results are clinically relevant to studies of human subjects with diabetes. Funded by United States Public Health Service hl60901 and JDRF.