gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic background noise in industrial environments (1985)

Ultrasonic noise associated with various manufacturing operations has been measured in the frequency range 0–1 MHz in order to evaluate typical noise environments for ultrasonically controlled robots. Industrial operations studied include impact, bending, grinding and drilling, laser etching, and high-velocity fluid or air sprays. The first three operations provide little ultrasonic energy above 100 kHz. For these processes, ultrasonic sensors operating above 100 kHz should have an advantage since signal and noise will both fall off with increasing frequency. Ultrasonic emission from laser etching was found to be quite broadband, making such processes less suitable for ultrasonic control. High-velocity fluid or air sprays are the most prevalent sources of ultrasonic noise. The noise from these sources rolls off slowly with frequency, and no frequency bands without noise exist for ultrasonic sensing below several hundred kHz. For applications requiring ultrasonic sensing, aerodynamic noise should be reduced.
An unusual high-energy transient (1995)

We report the detection of an unusual high-energy transient by the gamma-ray burst detectors onboard the satellite Ginga. This event was much softer than classical gamma-ray bursts, with a spectrum that peaks between 16 and 18 keV and decreases both above and below the peak. A thermal bremsstrahlung fit to the 20 - 400 keV emission gives a characteristic temperature of approximately equal 24 keV; much softer (cooler) than the greater than 100 keV temperatures characteristic of the classical gamma-ray bursts, but similar to that of the soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs). The spectrum above the peak is similar to that of type 1 X-ray bursts; however, the peak energy is higher by about a factor of 5, well above the Eddington limit. We have established with high confidence that the spectrum rolls over below 15 keV. Spectral models which include photoelectric absorption from neutral matter with column densities of approximately equal to 10<SUP>24</SUP>/sq cm give acceptable fits to the low-energy rollover, as does a power-law fit with an index alpha is approximately equal to -2.5. Power-law models with indices greater than -1.5 are strongly rejected by the data (a Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum has index -1.0). The time history of the event is simple, with a rise time of approximately equal 0.7 s followed by an exponential decay with a 3 s time scale, similar to those seen from type 1 X-ray bursts as well as some classical gamma-ray bursts, but somewhat unusual for a SGR.
Obesity phenotype and cardiovascular changes (2011)

Healthy obesity was associated with subtle changes in left ventricular structure and function. These data provide evidence that metabolically healthy phenotypes with excess weight may not be a benign condition.
Phase I clinical trial of a combination of dipyridamole and acivicin based upon inhibition of nucleoside salvage. (1988)

A Phase I clinical trial of simultaneous 72-h infusions of dipyridamole and acivicin was carried out in patients with advanced malignancies. The objective of this trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of dipyridamole when administered as a 72-h infusion in combination with acivicin. The development of this combination is of interest because of in vitro observations which demonstrate that dipyridamole potentiates the cytotoxic action of acivicin by blocking nucleoside salvage. Patients were treated with concomitant i.v. infusions of dipyridamole and acivicin for 72 h. The acivicin dose infused remained constant during the trial at 60 mg/m2/72 h. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of dipyridamole was 23.1 mg/kg/72 h. Limiting toxicities at the MTD of dipyridamole with acivicin were severe gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms which appeared to be caused by the high doses of dipyridamole administered. Escalation of dipyridamole did not potentiate the mild myelosuppression or the neurotoxicity which occurs with acivicin alone. At a dose of dipyridamole which was well below the MTD, one patient experienced symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, and another patient with coronary artery disease developed dizziness and transient electrocardiogram abnormalities. However, no other hypotensive or cardiovascular events occurred as dipyridamole was escalated to the MTD. Phlebitis occurred at the site of infusion when the dose of dipyridamole exceeded 13.5 mg/kg/72 h. Because of this local toxicity, it was necessary to administer dipyridamole through a central venous catheter to achieve maximum plasma levels. At the MTD of dipyridamole, steady-state total and free plasma levels of 11.9 microM and 27.8 nM, respectively, were attained by 24 h. These are free dipyridamole levels which in vitro were sufficient to block cytidine salvage and to potentiate the biochemical and cytotoxic effects of acivicin against human colon cancer cells (P.H. Fischer et al., Cancer Res., 44:3355-3359, 1984).
Structural aspects of the extrinsic continence mechanism. (1988)

The changes in urethral pressure that occur during a cough, and microtransducer measurements of urethral pressures at rest, suggest that structures extrinsic to the urethra and vesical neck influence sphincteric function. The present study examined the structure of the extrinsic continence mechanism as it relates to these physiologic observations. Serial histologic sections of the pelvic viscera made from eight female cadavers and dissections of 34 cadavers were examined. In the proximal urethra, the anterior vaginal wall is attached to the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm and to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis. Contraction of the pelvic diaphragm would pull the vagina against the posterior surface of the urethra, causing an increase in posteriorly measured "pressures." Support of the urethra at rest comes from both its attachment to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis and the resting tone of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. Two arches of striated muscle (compressor urethrae and urethrovaginal sphincter) run over the distal urethra in the region of the perineal membrane (ie, urogenital diaphragm). Activity of these muscles could compress the urethra distally, causing the urethral pressure rise that precedes and exceeds the rise in abdominal pressure during a cough and explaining asymmetry of pressure measurements in this area. Recognition of these structural relationships can help us understand urethral pressures during a cough and directional "pressure" variations seen in patients with stress incontinence. They may also contribute to the understanding of surgical failures that occur despite successful urethral suspension.
Cigarette smoking induces vascular damage of both conduit arteries and small vessels and persistent elevation of plasma serotonin unresponsive to 8 weeks of smoking cessation (2013)

Purpose: Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and induces deleterious vascular damages. Whereas serotonin released to plasma upon platelet activation modulates vascular tonus and thrombus formation. The purpose of this study was to examine the plasma levels of serotonin in habitual cigarette smokers and the kinetics of plasma serotonin after smoking cessation, and their association with endothelial function. Methods: In study 1, clinical profiles including endothelial function were compared between apparently healthy male smokers (n=27, 40±8 years) and age-adjusted non-smokers (n=21, 40±7 years). In study 2, smokers were instructed to stop smoking and clinical profiles and laboratory findings including serum level of cotinine, principal metabolite of nicotine, were investigated before and after 8 weeks of smoking cessation. Strict precautions were taken to obtain platelet poor plasma (PPP). Serotonin levels in PPP were measured by HPLC. Endothelial function was assessed by 2 distinct techniques, namely flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using ultrasound system for conduit arteries and peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) using End-PAT 2000 for peripheral small vessels. Results: In Study 1, levels of PPP serotonin and serotonin corrected by platelets number (serotonin/plt) in smokers were higher than those in non-smokers (6.90±2.91 vs 4.60±2.32 nmol/L, P<0.01; and 31.3±16.6 vs 20.6±11.9 x10-9 pmol/plt, P<0.05; respectively), and FMD in smokers was lower than that in non-smokers (3.12±1.15 vs 4.11±1.93%, P<0.05). In study 2, serotonin/plt in PPP (33.5±19.4 x10-9 pmol/plt) correlated positively with serum level of cotinine (152±140 ng/ml, r=0.45, P<0.05) and inversely with HDL cholesterol (61±16 mg/dl, r=-0.46, P<0.05) and PAT ratio (0.25±0.10, r=-0.45, P<0.05). Smokers who completely attained smoking cessation indicated significantly increased PAT ratio (P<0.05) although serotonin and serotonin/plt in PPP were not significantly changed. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with increase of plasma serotonin and impaired endothelial function in middle-aged healthy subjects. Moreover, the change was unresponsive to 8 weeks of smoking cessation, suggesting that caution should be taken during plasma serotonin levels are not decreased even after improvement of endothelial function.
A Transition Model for Finite Element Simulation of Kinematics of Central Nervous System White Matter (2011)

Mechanical damage to axons is a proximal cause of deficits following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Axons are injured predominantly by tensile strain, and identifying the strain experienced by axons is a critical step toward injury prevention. White matter demonstrates complex nonlinear mechanical behavior at the continuum level that evolves from even more complex, dynamic, and composite behavior between axons and the "glial matrix" at the microlevel. In situ, axons maintain an undulated state that depends on the location of the white matter and the stage of neurodevelopment. When exposed to tissue strain, axons do not demonstrate pure affine or non-affine behavior, but instead transition from non-affine-dominated kinematics at low stretch levels to affine kinematics at high stretch levels. This transitional and predominant kinematic behavior has been linked to the natural coupling of axons to each other via the glial matrix. In this paper, a transitional kinematic model is applied to a micromechanics finite element model to simulate the axonal behavior within a white matter tissue subjected to uniaxial tensile stretch. The effects of the transition parameters and the volume fraction of axons on axonal behavior is evaluated and compared to previous experimental data and numerical simulations.
Electrical discharge machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using distilled water as a dielectric fluid. (1997)

This paper deals with the possibility of distilled water as a dielectric fluid for electrical discharge machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, and the comparison of electrical discharge machining characteristics using both distilled water and kerosene is also investigated. The experimental results indicate that when machining Ti–6Al–4V alloy in distilled water, the material removal rate is larger than that of using kerosene. This indicates obviously that distilled water is the more effective dielectric fluid for electrical discharge machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. It is also found that the material removal rate is remarkably enlarged with increasing discharge current and pulse duration. Since the distilled water has higher thermal conductivity, the rapidly solidificated debris has a certain thickness of fine grains around the debris, while columnar grains around the debris produced using kerosene is observed. It is also found that there is only a thin recasting layer on the surface when machining in distilled water, while a thicker recasting and hardened layer produced in kerosene is observed. Although machining Ti–6Al–4V alloy using distilled water has a significant effect on the electrical discharge machining characteristics, particularly in the material removal rate, but a higher roughness of surface than using kerosene is also obvious.
Discontinuous Expression of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules along Initial Lymphatic Vessels in Mesentery: The Primary Valve Structure (2007)

These results suggest that primary valves responsible for unidirectional interstitial fluid uptake along initial lymphatic vessels are associated with discontinuous expression of endothelial junction molecules. This feature may render the ability to separate local membrane regions between neighboring endothelial cells.
Adaptive Modulation Control for Multiple-Phase Voltage Regulators (2008)

This letter presents an adaptive modulation control (AMC) method which has proven to be effective in achieving high bandwidth designs as well as stabilizing the control loop during large load transients. The AMC adaptively adjusts control bandwidth by changing the modulation gain, depending on different load conditions. With the AMC, a multiphase voltage regulator can be designed with an aggressively high bandwidth, while in heavy load transients where the loop could be potentially unstable, the bandwidth is lowered. Therefore, the AMC provides an optimal means for robust high-bandwidth design with excellent transient performance. It is a type of non-linear control designed for, but not limited to, multiphase voltage regulators with droop control. Detailed analysis of the operational mechanism is presented. Experiment results are included to verify the analysis.
A Platform for Both Solid-Phase Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomer Synthesis and Subsequent in Situ Detection and Quantification of Nucleic Acid Sequences (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTA Platform for Both Solid-Phase Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomer Synthesis and Subsequent in Situ Detection and Quantification of Nucleic Acid SequencesMark C. McCairn, Marcus D. Hughes, Anna V. Hine, and Andrew J. SutherlandView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry and School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2006, 8, 5, 639–642Publication Date (Web):July 26, 2006Publication History Received24 March 2006Published online26 July 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc060035ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc060035gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Assays,Hybridization,Monomers,Oligomers,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
Regulation of HLA-DR peptide occupancy by histone deacetylase inhibitors (2013)

Numerous molecular effects have been attributed to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI's), including the induction of major histocompatibility (MHC) genes. Here we report that one FDA approved HDACI, Vorinostat, and a second HDACI currently in clinical trials, Entinostat, reduce the ratio of class II associated invariant peptide (CLIP) to the MHC class II molecule, HLA-DR, indicating an increase in the non-CLIP peptides bound to HLA-DR. The HDACI effects are apparent with immortalized B-cells, HLA-DR constitutive melanoma cells and with melanoma cells expressing HLA-DR due to transformation with an expression vector for the HLA-DR gene co-activator, CIITA. Entinostat treatment leads to upregulation of Cathepsin L1, and the HLA-DR peptidome of the Entinostat treated cells is consistent with increased Cathepsin L1 mediated proteolysis. These results indicate that HDACI treatments may alter the HLA-DR peptidome of cells in patients and provide a way to identify novel immunogens for vaccinations and the study of autoantigens.
A 22 Gbit/s PAM-4 Receiver in 90nm CMOS-SOI Technology (2005)

A receiver for PAM-4 encoded data signals is presented, which was measured to receive data at 22 Gbit/s with a BER <10/sup -12/ at a maximum frequency deviation of 350 ppm and a 2/sup 7/-1 PRBS pattern. We propose a novel voltage shifting amplifier to introduce a programmable offset to the differential data signal. A CML biasing scheme using programmable matched resistors limits the effect of process variations. The receiver also features a programmable signal termination, an analog equalizer and offset compensation for each sampling latch. Measured current consumption is 207 mA from a 1.1 V supply, active chip area is 0.12 mm/sup 2/.
Audiologic findings in a cohort of adults with diabetes (1997)

The hearing status in 45 adults with diabetes (mean age = 59.87 years, s.d. = 9.83) and an age-matched control group of individuals was examined. The average duration of diabetes was 17.02 years (s.d. 9.66). Although hearing loss has been previously documented in patients with diabetes, the relationship between hearing impairment and diabetes is unclear. Etiology of hearing loss, whether cochlear or retrocochlear, has also been debated in the literature. Audiometric thresholds, word recognition scores in quiet and in competing noise of +6 dB signal-to-noise ratio, and transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were obtained. Comparisons in audiometric results were made between diabetics with and without complications (30 with and 15 without neuropathy). Results revealed considerable variability in hearing sensitivity, audiometric configuration, and speech recognition in the presence of noise. Mean auditory thresholds and TEOAE and DPOAE values were calculated. Otoacoustic emissions were reduced in amplitude or absent in subjects with sensorineural hearing loss regardless of diabetic status. Relations between measures and clinical implications will be discussed. [Work supported by NIH.]
Ocular Myasthenia Gravis in an Academic Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Response (2011)

The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was confirmed in the majority of patients referred to our academic neuro-ophthalmology clinic, but 27% did not have myasthenia gravis. It is possible that prednisone treatment of OMG may prevent progression to TMG, but further study is required.
Quantum and Classical Mode Softening Near the Charge-Density-Wave–Superconductor Transition of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>TiSe</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2008)

Temperature- and x-dependent Raman scattering studies of the charge-density-wave (CDW) amplitude modes in Cu(x)TiSe(2) show that the amplitude mode frequency omega(0) exhibits identical power-law scaling with the reduced temperature T/T(CDW) and the reduced Cu content x/x(c), i.e., omega(0) approximately (1-p)(0.15) for p=T/T(CDW) or x/x(c), suggesting that mode softening is independent of the control parameter used to approach the CDW transition. We provide evidence that x-dependent mode softening in Cu(x)TiSe(2) is associated with the reduction of the electron-phonon coupling constant, and that x-dependent "quantum" (T approximately 0) mode softening suggests the presence of a quantum critical point within the superconductor phase of Cu(x)TiSe(2).
Gel Formation and Thermal Stability of Gels Made From Novel Water-Soluble Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications (1997)

Abstract This paper will describe the details of experimental conditions and will present gelling systems for potential water shut-off and profile modification applications under hostile environmental conditions. A range of copolymers of acrylamide with an experimental comonomer has been prepared to evaluate gelation of the polymers and thermal stability of the gels under hostile environmental conditions. The experimental monomer was obtained using commercially available chemicals by a simple synthetic route. Gels of high thermal stability have been revealed with polymer concentrations below 1 weight %. The polymer was dissolved with crosslinker in synthetic North Sea water (SNSW). The crosslinking systems include phenol with formaldehyde (HCHO) or hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). The results were evaluated after aging for 30 days at 120 C. The thermal stability of the gels depends not only on chemical composition of the polymers and the crosslinker, but also polymer and crosslinker concentrations used for gelation. For one of the polymers, viscometric study of gel formation was carried out in addition to the studies of gel stability. In this work, statistically designed experiments were used to determine which variables had the most significant effect on thermal stability of the gels so that the optimum gelling composition could be determined. These variables include polymer composition, polymer solution viscosity and concentration as well as the crosslinker concentration. A ranking of the gels was made according to an overall gel quality parameter based on gel strength and degree of syneresis. The results illustrate the advantage of using experimental design during testing and evaluation of synthetic polymers. Introduction The amount of residual oil can be up to 40–70% in oil producing fields. To increase the production from off-shore fields, sea water is injected into the formations. The sea water follows the high permeability zones in the reservoir, and after some time, a water break-through may occur, and the result is a higher water to oil ratio. In such a case, it is desirable to plug high permeability zones in the formation by using water soluble polymers. Generally, a solution of the polymer along with an appropriate crosslinking system, is injected into the formation. With appropriate placement techniques the polymer solution can permeate into and form gel in the regions having the highest permeability. However, for near-wellbore applications on deep off-shore fields, the salinity and the temperature limit the use of many currently available water soluble polymers for enhanced oil recovery applications in these regions. Polyacrylamides with phenol/HCHO as crosslinking system have been used successfully for plugging or permeability reduction, but the thermal stability of gels from polyacrylamide is very poor above 90 C in sea water due to extensive syneresis.