gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Articular Cartilage (2013)

Well-known for their inability to heal, articular cartilage injuries often degenerate inexorably to disastrous impairment. Multitudes of treatments have been devised for this problem, but no satisfactory long-term solutions have been established. Written by world-class experts, Articular Cartilage covers the latest research and advancements related to biology, development, pathology, clinical applications, and tissue engineering. This book is useful for rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, cartilage biologists, and cartilage engineers as well as for professionals working in the orthopaedic and other musculoskeletal industries. This book also belongs in the library of primary care physicians, gerontologists, physical therapists, kinesiologists, and chiropractors. Written at a level that allows accessibility to a wide audience, it provides an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the breadth and depth of basic science, bioengineering, translational science, and detailed methodologic approaches. The authors examine the major events and signaling molecules that lead to development of articular cartilage from precursor cells, and the changes in cartilage as it matures and ages. They focus on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches for cartilage injury and the major arthritides that affect cartilage and the synovial joints such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. They supply an up-to-date overview of the field of tissue engineering as applied to articular cartilage repair. They examine a number of methods used to assess structure, composition, biology, and biomechanical function. Each chapter contains extensive references to enhance additional study. The book's comprehensive focus on multiple aspects of articular cartilage sets it apart from other tissue engineering or developmental biology-based books available. It includes important discussions and perspectives on many of the remaining challenges and opportunities in the development and translation of new approaches for treating diseases of articular cartilage. It also provides detailed working protocols for many of the methods used to study articular cartilage, coverage of current treatment options, and business and regulatory aspects of the development of cartilage products. It provides a deeper understanding that will help with the development of new products and clinical applications.
Probing and Manipulating Quantum Materials with Terahertz Pulses (2017)

Quantum materials exhibit exotic physical phenomena and promise numerous applications in sensing and information technologies. Here, we discuss an application of terahertz pulses to reveal and control the non-equilibrium behavior of these materials.
An Original Electrochemical Method for Assembling Multilayers of Terpyridine-Based Metallic Complexes on a Gold Surface (2012)

A new method based on the electrochemical oxidation of thiols was used to easily generate multilayer assemblies of coordination complexes on a gold surface. For this purpose, two complexes bearing two anchoring groups for surface attachment have been prepared: [Ru(tpySH)(2)](2+) (1) and [Fe(tpySH)(2)](2+) (2) (tpySH = 4'-(2-(p-phenoxy)ethanethiol)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine). Cyclic voltammetry of 1 in CH(3)CN exhibits two successive oxidation processes. The first is irreversible and attributed to the oxidation of the thiol substituents, whereas the second is reversible and corresponds to the 1 e(-) metal-centered oxidation. In the case of 2 both processes are superimposed. Monolayers of 1 or 2 have been formed on gold electrodes by spontaneous adsorption from micromolar solutions of the complexes in CH(3)CN. SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) exhibit redox behavior similar to the complexes in solution. The high surface coverage value obtained (Γ = 6 × 10(-10) and 4 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) for 1 and 2, respectively) is consistent with a vertical orientation for the complexes; thus, one thiol is bound to the gold electrode, with the second unreacted thiol moiety exposed to the outer surface. Successive cyclic voltammetry induced a layer-by-layer nanostructural growth at the surface of the SAMs, and this is presumably due to the electrochemical formation of disulfide bonds, where the thiol moieties play a double role of both an anchoring group and an electroactive coupling agent. The conditions of the deposition are studied in detail. Modified electrodes containing both 1 and 2 alternatively can be easily prepared following this new approach. The film proved to be stable, displaying a similar current/voltage response for more than 10 repeating cycles in oxidation up to 0.97 V vs Ag/AgNO(3) (10(-2) M).
Staggered and unstaggered solitons in quadratically nonlinear lithium niobate waveguide arrays (2004)

We report the first observation of staggered and unstaggered quadratic discrete solitons in arrays of coupled waveguides. Intensity profiles, powers and stability of the solitons were measured in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Neuroprotective Effect of Buddleja officinalis Extract on Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats (2006)

The flower buds of Buddleja officinalis MAXIM (Loganiaceae) are used to treat headache and inflammatory diseases in traditional Korean medicine. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of the methanolic extract of B. officinalis (BOME) and of its hexane fraction (BOHF) were investigated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo, 120 min occlusion, 24 h reperfusion) Sprague-Dawley rat model. BOME or BOHF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was twice administered 30 min before the onset of MCAo and 2 h after reperfusion. BOME and BOHF treated groups showed infarct volumes reduced by 33.9% and 68.2%, respectively, at 2 h occlusion. In BOHF treated animals, cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS inductions were inhibited in ischemic hemispheres at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that BOME and BOHF both inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in BV-2 mouse microglial cells. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and the microglial activation inhibitory effects of B. officinalis extract may contribute to its neuroprotective effects in brain ischemia.
Surface Characterization of Poly(acrylonitrile) Membranes Graft-Polymerized with Ionic Monomers As Revealed by ζ Potential Measurement (1998)

Anionic and cationic monomers were graft-polymerized onto poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) membrane surfaces. The graft polymerization was initiated by an oxidation−reduction system at 25 °C. Grafted PAN membrane surfaces yielded FT-IR/ATR spectra clearly different from that of an unmodified PAN membrane, because of the presence of the graft chains. ζ potentials of the pore surfaces of the grafted PAN membranes were obtained from streaming potential measurements. The surface properties are discussed with respect to a single site dissociation model, which is based on the protonation and deprotonation of charged surface groups. In this study, we obtained some characteristic parameters of the pore surfaces from the theoretical fits using the site dissociation model. This approach gives direct insight into the pore surface properties of the membrane. The results could be well explained by an ion-pairing effect in terms of different charge characteristics between membranes having hydrophobic or hydrophilic graft chains: charge groups of hydrophobic graft chains are likely to form ion pairs with counterions from the external solution. The local dielectric constant surrounding ion pairs plays an important role in the surface effective charge concentration.
Novel solutions for the sustainable control of nematodes in ruminants (PARASOL Project). (2009)

International audience
Significance of Sharp Waves in Routine EEGs After Epilepsy Surgery (1992)

We retrospectively analyzed the presence of sharp waves in 2-h EEGs performed 6 months after epilepsy surgery in 59 patients. To study the significance of the postoperative interictal epileptiform activity in the tissue remaining after resection, we included only patients with a single epileptic focus (as defined preoperatively by prolonged video/EEG recordings and subdural electrode arrays studies) and no progressive structural lesions. Temporal lobectomy was performed in 51 patients (86%); extratemporal resections were performed in the remainder. The epileptogenic focus was completely resected in 26 patients (44%). The immediate postoperative electrocorticograms (EcoG) showed spikes in 13 patients (22%). At 6-month follow-up, 43 patients (73%) were seizure-free or had auras only and 12 patients (20%) had epileptiform activity on EEG. A significant correlation was noted between presence of sharp waves in the 6-month postoperative EEG and recurrence of seizures (Fisher's exact test p = 0.011) and also with the extent of the resection (complete vs. incomplete p = 0.042). We noted no correlation between postoperative epileptiform activity and location of the resection (temporal vs. extratemporal), presence of spikes in immediate postoperative EcoG, or occurrence of auras only at 6-month follow-up.
Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> surface passivation: Electrical characterization using the Quantox tool (2011)

It has already been proven that Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> can provide a high level of surface passivation for p and n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si). The passivation mechanism is considered to be related to two components: low interfacial trap density (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ) and high amount of negative fixed charges (Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> ), which induce a built-in electric field, i.e. field effect passivation. However the surface passivation mechanism is not fully understood yet. In order to get understanding on the electrical parameters and process parameters which govern the passivation quality, a Corona charging tool was employed. This technique enables to bring together spatially resolved information on charges and carrier lifetime. Furthermore, the injection level can be tuned, which allows decoupling the bulk and surface contribution in the carrier lifetime measurement. Two main process parameters: the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thickness and the post deposition anneal were varied to evaluate the sensitivity of the technique. Interface trap density (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ), flatband voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fb</sub> ), total amount of charges (Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tot</sub> ), near surface (NSτ) and bulk lifetime (Bτ) were extracted and compared to Calibrated QSSPC Photoluminescence (QSSPC-PL) measurements. The carrier lifetime information extracted from the “Quantox” shows to be consistent with the one extracted by QSSPC-PL measurements. As a result, the “Quantox” tool appears to be an appropriate tool for solar applications in order to study the quality of any passivation layers and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> in particular.
Review of Three New Agents that Target Angiogenesis, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (1999)

BACKGROUND: Many potential new antineoplastic agents are currently in various stages of clinical development. Three areas of drug development include antiangiogenic compounds, agents that inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, and agents that modulate cyclin-dependent kinases. METHODS: The authors reviewed the available data for endostatin, COL-3, and flavopiridol, each of which is being developed with one of the above-mentioned proposed mechanisms of action. These agents are among the first drugs to reach clinical testing that is focusing on these novel targets. RESULTS: Endostatin has finished preclinical testing and the first human trials are about to be initiated. COL-3 is in phase I testing in several locations. Phase I studies for flavopiridol have been completed and several phase II studies are underway. It is unknown at this point if any of these agents will provide clinical benefit to patients at doses that do not cause unacceptable toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: These agents are currently at various stages of clinical testing. Albeit promising as potential modulators in molecular and biochemical pathways, continued research is needed into the toxicities and clinical usefulness of these agents.
Alkaloids of Tabernaemontana ventricosa (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaloids of Tabernaemontana ventricosaJ. Schripsema, A. Hermans-Lokkerbol, R. van der Heijden, R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, and T. A. van BeekCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1986, 49, 4, 733–735Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50046a049https://doi.org/10.1021/np50046a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoregulation of the C(12b)H‐C(2)H Relationship in the Preparation of 2‐Substituted 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b‐Octahydroindolo(2,3‐a)quinolizines. (1989)

Abstract The stereoregulation specified in the title, often effected by means of epimerization procedures which reduce the yield of the final product, can be accomplished by subjecting either N‐unsubstituted indoloquinolizines (I) or their Boc derivatives (III) to catalytic hydrogenation (the products (IV) are also prepared by an independent route).
Symmetrical and asymmetrical ideal cylindrical radiation transformers and concentrators (1979)

Ideal cylindrical radiation transformers and concentrators are examined in both asymmetrical and symmetrical forms. Symmetrical ideal transformers are found to give the lowest peak concentration for a given angle of acceptance. Average concentration for uniform diffuse radiation or a distant point source of constant apparent angular velocity is found to be independent of the symmetry of the transformer; for an apparently accelerating source such as the sun, however, an asymmetrical transformer can give higher performance than a symmetrical unit when averaged over time.
Tumor necrosis factor-<i>alpha</i> and P40 induce day 15 murine fetal thymocyte proliferation in combination with IL-2. (1990)

Cytokines are known to play a key role in the development of several hemopoietic lineages including lymphocytes. Two cytokines: IL-4 (in the presence of PMA) and IL-7 have been shown to induce immature fetal thymocyte proliferation. It has also been suggested that IL-2 plays an important role in fetal T cell development. In this report, we investigated the effects of several cytokines (known to be growth factors for T-lineage cells) on fetal thymocyte proliferation. Our results indicate that: 1) TNF-alpha and a newly described cytokine, P40, enhance fetal thymocyte proliferation stimulated by IL-2 (but not IL-4 or IL-7). 2) The enhancement induced by P40 is not mediated by TNF-alpha because blocking antibodies against this cytokine failed to inhibit this response. 3) IL-4 inhibits fetal thymocyte proliferation in response to TNF-alpha + IL-2 or to IL-7 but not to P40 + IL-2. Finally, 4) the proliferating cells to all cytokine combinations used were Thy-1+. These observations suggest that these cytokine combinations induce independent pathways of T cell proliferation in the developing thymus.
Sodium borohydride reduction of aqueous iron–zirconium solutions: chemical routes to amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe–Zr–B alloys (1999)

Fine particle Fe–Zr–B alloys have been prepared by sodium borohydride reduction of aqueous solutions of iron(II) and zirconium(IV) sulfate. A comprehensive survey of reaction conditions was completed and optimum parameters found for the preparation of precipitated products. These included rapid stirring, controlled pH in the range 5–6, using degassed solvents, Fe∶Zr ratios between 4∶1 and 20∶1 and sodium borohydride concentrations between 0.1 and 1.2 M. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the products comprised spherical particles of 0.1 µm diameter with metal compositions, determined by atomic absorption, electron microprobe and EDAX, which mirrored the initial starting solutions. The products fell into two categories: amorphous Fe–Zr–B alloys when the Fe∶Zr ratio was near 9∶1, and nanocrystalline alloys, comprising a small amount of nanometre scale α-Fe crystallites embedded in amorphous Fe–Zr–B alloy, when the Fe∶Zr ratio was either higher or lower than 9∶1. Minor impurities in the form of Fe(II) complex and Fe(III) oxide phases were also detected in the products. Full structural and magnetic characterisations were performed on selected samples, including X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, magnetometry and Zr-edge EXAFS measurements.
Photosynthate costs associated with the utilization of different nitrogen–forms: influence on the carbon balance of plants and shoot–root biomass partitioning (1998)

The photosynthate costs of processes (amino acid and protein synthesis and turnover, and pH regulation) associated with the utilization of nitrate (NO 3 − ), ammonium (NH 4 + ) or glutamine (Gln) for plant growth were estimated. Based on these estimates, the effects of these forms of nitrogen (N) on the carbon balance of plants and on shoot–root biomass allocation were evaluated. The results indicated that NO 3 − as an N source for plant growth is not substantially more expensive to utilize than either NH 4 + or Gln, particularly in the long term when costs due to protein turnover dominate the total costs of N utilization. It is also suggested that the photosynthate use in processes associated with N assimilation has little impact on the carbon balance of plants, and hence on shoot–root biomass allocation.
Frequency estimator with dichotomous search ofperiodogram peak (1999)

A new simple frequency estimator is presented which performs FFT-based coarse and DFT-based dichotomous fine searching of the periodogram peak. The proposed estimator is shown to have a frequency error close to that of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and a lower complexity than that of known estimators.
Theory of the anomalous electromagnetic generation of ultrasound in aluminum (1978)

Anomalies observed in electromagnetic generation of ultrasound in aluminum are explained on the basis of known Fermi-surface geometry. At large values of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c} \ensuremath{\tau}$ the topology of the second-zone hole sheet permits only holelike cyclotron orbits, while for small values of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c} \ensuremath{\tau}$ the local curvature of the hole sheet is mostly electronlike. If follows that the effective number of electronlike and holelike carriers must be allowed to vary with magnetic field. These features, together with the Bragg-reflection force (caused by accelerating holes), are incorporated into the theory of electromagnetic generation. The observed anomalies are explained without using any adjustable parameter.
Studies of phosphodiesterase effects on adipose tissue metabolism in obese subjects by the microdialysis technique. (2005)

The effect of non-selective (theophylline) inhibition of cyclic AMP breakdown on norepinephrine stimulated lipolysis rate was investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects. In addition, changes in interstitial glucose and lactate concentration were assessed by means of the microdialysis technique. The interaction of endogenous released insulin and theophylline on adipocyte metabolism was determined. Theophylline and norepinephrine alone increased glycerol outflow significantly. When both agents were perfused in combination, interstitial glycerol concentration increased further. The enhanced glycerol level due to theophylline application was slightly decreased by insulin. In the presence of theophylline, extracellular glucose concentration increased, in contrast to the catecholamine. Norepinephrine decreased interstitial glucose level. When both drugs were added in combination, the level of interstitial glucose increased to about 1 mM, greater than with theophylline alone. With each intervention, lactate was synthesized. Local adipose tissue blood flow was increased by theophylline and theophylline plus norepinephrine. In conclusion, post-receptor mechanisms increased norepinephrine maximal stimulated lipolysis rate in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Glucose uptake was inhibited by the non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The effect of insulin on inhibition of lipolysis was modest but sustained in the presence of high theophylline (10(-4) M) concentration. Phosphodiesterase activity may be relatively low in obese subjects in comparison with lean subjects. In lean subjects theophylline caused a transient reversal of the antilipolytic effect of insulin.
Dialysis fermentation. I. Enhanced production of salicylic acid from naphthalene <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (1970)

Abstract The conversion of naphthalene to salicylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied as a model for dialysis fermentation. In a demonstration experiment, the continual removal of the product by dialysis and by intermittent replenishment of the dialysate reservoir caused cyclical changes in the concentrations of viable cells and product. The cumulative total amount of both cell mass and salicylate, however, continued to increase steadily until the experiment was terminated after 15 days. At this time the rate of product formation was highest and still increasing, although less than 10% of the cells were viable. The terminal amount of salicylate was about 20‐fold greater than the maximum reached in the control fermentation, and was calculated to be 2.6‐fold more productive even if the control were optimally recycled. Methods were projected to achieve still further improvements.
An Homogenised FEM Model to Predict the Stray Magnetic Field Created by Faulty Electrical Machines (2006)

The analysis of the stray magnetic field created by electrical machine is now known as a powerful method for fault monitoring. This paper presents a homogenised FEM approach to evaluate the 3D stray magnetic field created by a faulty synchronous machine, while keeping an acceptable number of unknowns