gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACE-2 multiple angle micro-pulse lidar observations from Las Galletas, Tenerife, Canary Islands (2000)

Multiple-angle micro-pulse lidar (MPL) observations were made at Las Galletas on Tenerife, Canary Islands during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-2 (ACE-2) conducted June−July, 1997. A principal objective of the MPL observations was to characterize the temporal/spatial distributions of aerosols in the region, particularly to identify and profile elevated Saharan dust layers which occur intermittently during the June−July time period. Vertical and slant angle measurements taken 16 and 17 July characterize such an occurrence, providing aerosol backscatter, extinction, and optical depth profiles of the dust layer between 1 and 5 km above mean sea level (MSL). Additionally, horizontal measurements taken in Las Galletas throughout the 6-week period provide a time profile of the varying aerosol extinction at the surface. This profile exhibits the alternating periods of clean maritime air and pollution outbreaks that typified the region. Horizontal measurements also provide some evidence suggesting the possible influx of Saharan dust from the free troposphere to the surface. This paper presents estimates of aerosol optical properties retrieved from the multi-angle MPL measurements in addition to an outline of the methodologies employed to obtain these results.
Microcavities based on multimodal interference (2007)

We describe intricate cavity mode structures, that are possible in waveguide devices with two or more guided modes. The main element is interference between the scattered fields of two modes at the facets, resulting in multipole or mode cancelations. Therefore, strong coupling between the modes, such as around zero group velocity points, is advantageous to obtain high quality factors. We discuss the mechanism in three different settings: a cylindrical structure with and without negative group velocity mode, and a surface plasmon device. A general semi-analytical expression for the cavity parameters describes the phenomenon, and it is validated with extensive numerical calculations.
Overexpression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase Matrilysin Results in Premature Mammary Gland Differentiation and Male Infertility (1998)

To examine the role of matrilysin (MAT), an epithelial cell-specific matrix metalloproteinase, in the normal development and function of reproductive tissues, we generated transgenic animals that overexpress MAT in several reproductive organs. Three distinct forms of human MAT (wild-type, active, and inactive) were placed under the control of the murine mammary tumor virus promoter/enhancer. Although wild-type, active, and inactive forms of the human MAT protein could be produced in an in vitro culture system, mutations of the MAT cDNA significantly decreased the efficiency with which the MAT protein was produced in vivo. Therefore, animals carrying the wild-type MAT transgene that expressed high levels of human MAT in vivo were further examined. Mammary glands from female transgenic animals were morphologically normal throughout mammary development, but displayed an increased ability to produce beta-casein protein in virgin animals. In addition, beginning at approximately 8 mo of age, the testes of male transgenic animals became disorganized with apparent disintegration of interstitial tissue that normally surrounds the seminiferous tubules. The disruption of testis morphology was concurrent with the onset of infertility. These results suggest that overexpression of the matrix-degrading enzyme MAT alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix and thereby induces cellular differentiation and cellular destruction in a tissue-specific manner.
Photodynamic therapy with topical aminolevulinic acid and pulsed dye laser irradiation for sebaceous hyperplasia. (2003)

Successful and long-standing eradication of sebaceous hyperplasia has remained difficult due to the propensity of these lesions to be extensive. Current treatments include excision, electrodesiccation, laser vaporization, and oral isotretinoin, each often associated with unacceptable side effects or lesional recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laser-assisted photodynamic therapy using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation for the treatment of sebaceous hyperplasia. Ten patients with sebaceous hyperplasia received 1 or 2 treatments at 6 week intervals with topical 20% 5-ALA followed 1 hour later by 595 nm PDL irradiation. Matched lesions served as controls and were either treated with PDL alone or were left untreated. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals for 3 months. Results demonstrated that combination topical 5-ALA and PDL treatment effected better clinical results than PDL treatment alone. No changes were observed in untreated control lesions. Side effects were mild and limited to transient erythema, edema, and focal crusting. It is the conclusion of the authors that laser-assisted photodynamic therapy with topical 5-ALA and PDL irradiation can achieve safe and effective improvement of sebaceous hyperplasia. Further study is warranted to determine the longevity of the clinical results observed.
Alterations in sleep architecture in response to experimental sleep curtailment are associated with signs of positive energy balance (2012)

Sleep reduction is associated with increased energy intake and weight gain, though few studies have explored the relationship between sleep architecture and energy balance measures in the context of experimental sleep restriction. Fourteen males and 13 females (body mass index: 22-26 kg/m(2)) participated in a crossover sleep curtailment study. Participants were studied under two sleep conditions: short (4 h/night; 0100-0500 h) and habitual (9 h/night; 2200-0700 h), for 5 nights each. Sleep was polysomnographically recorded nightly. Outcome measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), feelings of appetite-satiety, and ad libitum food intake. Short sleep resulted in reductions in stage 2 sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration (P < 0.001), as well as decreased percentage of stage 2 sleep and REM sleep and increased slow wave sleep (SWS) percentage (P < 0.05). Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated a positive association between stage 2 sleep duration and RMR (P = 0.051). Inverse associations were observed between REM sleep duration and hunger (P = 0.031) and between stage 2 sleep duration and appetite for sweet (P = 0.015) and salty (P = 0.046) foods. Stage 2 sleep percentage was inversely related to energy consumed (P = 0.024). Stage 2 sleep (P = 0.005), SWS (P = 0.008), and REM sleep (P = 0.048) percentages were inversely related to fat intake, and SWS (P = 0.040) and REM sleep (P = 0.050) were inversely related to carbohydrate intake. This study demonstrates that changes in sleep architecture are associated with markers of positive energy balance and indicate a means by which exposure to short sleep duration and/or an altered sleep architecture profile may lead to excess weight gain over time.
The shallow water approximation applied to the aluminium electrolysis process (1970)

The industrial production of aluminium is an electrolysis process where two superposed horizontal liquid layers are subjected to a mainly vertical electric current supplied by carbon electrodes. The lower layer consists of molten aluminium and lies on the cathode. The upper layer is the electrolyte and is covered by the anode. The interface between the two layers is often perturbed, leading to oscillations, or waves, similar to the waves on the surface of seas or lakes. The presence of electric currents and the resulting magnetic field are responsible for electromagnetic (Lorentz) forces within the fluid, which can amplify these oscillations and have an adverse influence on the process. \n\nThe electrolytic bath vertical to horizontal aspect ratio is such, that it is advantageous to use the shallow water equations to model the interface motion. These are the depth-averaging the Navier-Stokes equations so that nonlinear and dispersion terms may be taken into account. Although these terms are essential to the prediction of wave dynamics, they are neglected in most of the literature on interface instabilities in aluminium reduction cells where only the linear theory is usually considered. The unknown variables are the two horizontal components of the fluid velocity, the height of the interface and the electric potential. \n\nIn this application, a finite volume resolution of the double-layer shallow water equations including the electromagnetic sources has been developed, for incorporation into a generic three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that also deals with heat transfer within the cell.
Improvement in the resting-cell bioconversion of penicillin G to deacetoxycephalosporin G by addition of catalase (2002)

Catalase addition improves the bioconversion and will contribute to the eventual replacement of the current multi-step, expensive and environmentally-unfriendly chemical ring expansion by a biological route.
ON THE FUTURE OF RADAR ALTIMETER CALIBRATION USING GNSS BUOYS (2007)

The environmental satellite ENVISAT was successfully launched by the European Space Agency ESA in March 2002. An elaborate field campaign was conducted in the Mediterranean Sea near the coast of Menorca Island in order to recover the altimeter’s bias using high sea GPS buoys. After a brief presentation of this campaign including major results for the sea surface heights, a number of questions regarding the future radar altimeter calibration using GPS buoys will be addressed which both focus on increasing the height accuracy of the measurement system as well as aspects of saving costs by reduction of reference station infrastructure. The impact of the new GALILEO satellite navigation system on precise positioning is mentioned emphasizing the added value of joint GPS and GALILEO processing. Moreover, the advantages of an active GNSS network approach will be outlined that might increase the overall performance for future missions of this kind. BIOGRAPHIES
Airway Epithelial IL-15 Transforms Monocytes into Dendritic Cells (2007)

IL-15 has recently been shown to induce the differentiation of functional dendritic cells (DCs) from human peripheral blood monocytes. Since DCs lay in close proximity to epithelial cells in the airway mucosa, we investigated whether airway epithelial cells release IL-15 in response to inflammatory stimuli and thereby induce differentiation and maturation of DCs. Alveolar (A549) and bronchial (BEAS-2B) epithelial cells produced IL-15 spontaneously and in a time- and dose-dependent manner after stimulation with IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, or TNF-alpha. Airway epithelial cell supernatants induced an increase of IL-15Ralpha gene expression in ex vivo monocytes, and stimulated DCs enhanced their IL-15Ralpha gene expression up to 300-fold. Airway epithelial cell-conditioned media induced the differentiation of ex vivo monocytes into partially mature DCs (HLA-DR+, DC-SIGN+, CD14+, CD80-, CD83+, CD86+, CCR3+, CCR6(+), CCR7-). Based on their phenotypic (CD123+, BDCA2+, BDCA4+, BDCA1(-), CD1a-) and functional properties (limited maturation upon stimulation with LPS and limited capacity to induce T cell proliferation), these DCs resembled plasmacytoid DCs. The effects of airway epithelial cell supernatants were largely blocked by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IL-15. Thus, our results demonstrate that airway epithelial cell-conditioned media have the capacity to differentiate monocytes into functional DCs, a process substantially mediated by epithelial-derived IL-15.
Enhanced relaxation and reduced positive inotropic effects of amrinone in ventricular muscle from cats with subacute heart failure. Implications for drug therapy. (1985)

Previously, we reported that amrinone increases isometric twitch force but relaxes K+-induced contracture in muscles from normal cat right ventricle. This study evaluated its effects on diseased cardiac tissue. Right-ventricular papillary muscles were obtained from cats with subacute right-ventricular failure (3-14 days after partial pulmonary-artery ligation) and studied in vitro during stimulation (0.5 Hz) and exposure to high-K+ Tyrode solution. Active isometric twitch force and rate of force development (dP/dt) were significantly lower in muscles from hearts with right-ventricular failure compared to control muscles. In addition, while time to peak force was not different, duration of the twitch was significantly longer. In contrast to its positive inotropic actions in control muscles, amrinone (5.3 X 10(-4) M) had no significant effects on twitch force and dP/dt in muscles from failed ventricles. Time to peak force was not changed by amrinone in either group, but unlike its action in control muscle, duration of the twitch was reduced in failed muscle. Amrinone reduced K+-contracture force similarly in both control and failed muscles. Isoproterenol (10(-6) M) significantly increased twitch force and dP/dt and reduced K+-contracture force in both muscle groups. Since amrinone appears to be a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, our data indicate that cyclic AMP (cAMP)-related relaxation processes, but not cAMP-related contractile processes, can be enhanced by phosphodiesterase inhibitors in experimental heart failure. Furthermore, amrinone's reduced positive inotropic effect in failed myocardium suggests that its improvement of ventricular function in patients reflects, in part, enhancement of relaxation.
Quantum Confinement-Controlled Exchange Coupling in Manganese(II)-Doped CdSe Two-Dimensional Quantum Well Nanoribbons (2012)

The impact of quantum confinement on the exchange interaction between charge carriers and magnetic dopants in semiconductor nanomaterials has been controversially discussed for more than a decade. We developed manganese-doped CdSe quantum well nanoribbons with a strong quantum confinement perpendicular to the c-axis, showing distinct heavy hole and light hole resonances up to 300 K. This allows a separate study of the s-d and the p-d exchange interactions all the way up to room temperature. Taking into account the optical selection rules and the statistical distribution of the nanoribbons orientation on the substrate, a remarkable change in particular of the s-d exchange constant with respect to bulk is indicated. Room-temperature studies revealed an unusually high effective g-factor up to ~13 encouraging the implementation of the DMS quantum well nanoribbons for (room temperature) spintronic applications.
Synthesis of MCM-48 single crystals (1998)

Truncated rhombic dodecahedral crystals of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-48 are synthesised by a hydrothermal procedure using sodium silicate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and various kinds of alcohol.
Stereoselective actions of substituted benzamide drugs on cerebral dopamine mechanisms (1980)

Abstract Apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in reserpine-pretreated mice was antagonized by pretreatment with (-)-sulpiride and (-)-sultopride. The (+)-enantiomers were inactive. Apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour in rats were antagonized by (-)-sultopride but not by the (+)-enantiomer. Neither enantiomer of sulpiride prevented the onset of the stereotyped response. Both (-)-sulpiride and (-)-sultopride induced increases in striatal and mesolimbic HVA and DOPAC concentrations; (+)-sultopride elevated striatal and mesolimbic DOPAC concentrations but not HVA, while (+)-sulpiride had no effect on HVA or DOPAC in either area. Dopamine concentrations were reduced by the enantiomers of sultopride but not by sulpiride. Low concentrations (10−9 −10−66 M) of the (-)-enantiomers of both drugs displaced [3 H]spiperone from its specific binding site in rat striatal preparations, but the (+)-enantiomers were 40 and 100 times less active. However, neither enantiomer of either drug anatagonized the dopamine-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase in rat striatal preparations. The data suggest that the central pharmacological activity of sulpiride and sultopride resides in the (-)-enantiomers and that this activity occurs at cerebral dopamine receptors not dependent on adenylate cyclase for functional activity.
Pharmacokinetics of 6-Mercaptopurine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2004)

Proper prospective pharmacokinetic studies of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are lacking. As a result, conflicting recommendations have been made for metabolite monitoring in routine practice. The authors have evaluated 6-MP pharmacokinetics in IBD patients, including the genetic background for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). Red blood cell (RBC) 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide (6-MMPR) concentrations were measured in 30 IBD patients at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after starting 6-MP, 50 mg once daily. Outcome measures included mean 6-TGN and 6-MMPR concentrations (+/- 95% confidence interval, CI95%) and their associations with TPMT genotype, 6-MP dose, and hematologic, hepatic, pancreatic, and efficacy parameters during the 8-week period. Steady-state concentrations were reached after 4 weeks, indicating a half-life of approximately 5 days for both 6-TGN and 6-MMPR; the concentrations were 368 (CI95% 284-452) and 2837 (CI95% 2101-3573) pmol/8 x 10 RBCs, respectively. Large interpatient variability occurred at all time points. TPMT genotype correlated with 6-TGN concentrations (0.576, P < 0.01), and patients with mutant alleles had a relative risk (RR) of 12.0 (CI95% 1.7-92.3) of developing leukopenia. A 6-MMPR/6-TGN ratio less than 11 was associated with therapeutic efficacy. Based on this pharmacokinetic analysis, therapeutic drug monitoring is essential for rational 6-MP dosing.
Selective modification of the mitochondrial isozyme of aspartate aminotransferase by β-bromopropionate. II. Chemical structure of the modified site (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective modification of the mitochondrial isozyme of aspartate aminotransferase by β-bromopropionate. II. Chemical structure of the modified siteYoshimasa Morino and Mitsuhiro OkamotoCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 17, 3196–3201Publication Date (Print):August 15, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00767a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00767a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<scp>A</scp>xl/<scp>G</scp>as6 pathway positively regulates FLT3 activation in human natural killer cell development (2013)

Activation of the fibromyalgia syndrome-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) by its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), strongly augments the development of natural killer (NK) cells from human CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the presence of IL-15, compared with NK-cell development in the presence of IL-15 alone. In this study, we observed that blocking the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl/Gas6 pathway with a soluble Axl-IgG1 Fc fusion protein (Axl-Fc) in the presence of FL significantly diminished the absolute number of CD3⁻ CD56⁺ NK cells derived from human CD34⁺ HPCs. Axl-Fc reduced the expression levels of the IL-2/15 receptor β chain (CD122) and γ chain (CD132) induced by activation of FLT3 and consequently reduced the frequency of NK precursor cells responding to IL-15. Furthermore, Axl-Fc diminished FL-induced FLT3 phosphorylation and impeded the physical interaction between Axl and FLT3 in CD34⁺ HPCs. Collectively, our data suggest that the Axl/Gas6 pathway contributes to normal human NK-cell development at least in part via its positive regulatory effect on FLT3 signaling in CD34⁺ HPCs.
Tactical miniature crystal oscillator (1976)

The report describes the further development of a fast warmup Tactical Miniature Crystal Oscillator (TMXO). The intended use for this TMXO is as a reference frequency source in advanced tactical communications systems and in time ordered navigational systems. The quartz resonator is enclosed in a special enclosure, maintained at a constant temperature equal to the upper turn point of the resonator. The top of the crystal enclosure is the bottom of the microcircuit enclosure. This enclosure contains the oscillator/amplifier circuitry, heater, temperature controller and fast warmup compensation network. Both enclosures are supported by a thermal insulator, and all enclosed in an evacuated outer case. Changes in the electrical, mechanical and thermal design are described, pertaining to the solution of the remaining problems. Electronic methods for achieving the fast warmup compensation are discussed.
Enhanced Stability of Lithium Metal Anode by using a 3D Porous Nickel Substrate (2018)

Abstract Lithium (Li) metal is considered as the “holy grail” anode for high energy density batteries, but its applications in rechargeable Li metal batteries are still hindered by the formation of Li dendrites and low coulombic efficiency for Li plating/stripping. An effective strategy to stabilize Li metal is to embed a Li metal anode in a three‐dimensional (3D) current collector. Here, a highly porous 3D Ni substrate is reported to effectively stabilize a Li metal anode. By using a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique combined with scanning electron microscopy, the underlying mechanism of the improved stability of the Li metal anode is revealed. It is clearly demonstrated that the porous 3D Ni substrate can effectively suppress the formation of “dead” Li and support the generation of a dense surface passivation layer, while a highly porous “dead” Li layer is accumulated on the two‐dimensional (2D) Li metal, which eventually limits mass transport. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results further reveal the compositional differences in the solid‐electrolyte interphase layer formed on the Li metal embedded in the porous 3D Ni substrate and the 2D Li metal substrate. These results indicate that the use of 3D conductive host is critical for the long‐term stability of Li metal batteries.
Non-Maxwellian free-energy generation in the magnetotail due to chaotic particle motion. Memorandum report (1986)

It has been shown previously that the charged-particle motion in a magnetotail-like magnetic field is generally nonintegrable and that the particle orbits can be classified into three distinct types; the bounded integrable orbits, unbounded stochastic orbits and unbounded transient orbits. The three distinct types of orbits occupy disjoint regions of the phase space. As a result, different regions of the phase space retain the memory of the existing distribution function for different lengths of time. The concept of differential memory in single-particle distributions is discussed. Physical implications for the dynamical properties of the magnetotail plasmas and the possible generation of non-Maxwellian features in the distribution function are discussed.