gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ inhibits stress- and CRF-induced anorexia in rats (2001)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NC), the endogenous ligand of the opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor, is able to block hypophagia induced by either stress or central administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in rats. A marked reduction in food consumption was observed following exposure to 15 min intermittent electric footshock, 60 min physical immobilization or after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of CRF (0.1-1.0 microgram/rat). i.c.v. pretreatment with NC (0.1-2.0 micrograms/rat) completely abolished the hypophagic effect induced by stress or by i.c.v. CRF injection. The same i.c.v. doses of NC did not modify food consumption in food deprived rats and did not modify the anorexic effect induced by lipopolysaccharide, suggesting that the effect of NC is selective for anorexia induced by stress or CRF. These findings provide original evidence that NC attenuates stress-induced anorexia, presumably by acting as a functional CRF antagonist.
CB2 Receptor Deficiency Increases Amyloid Pathology and Alters Tau Processing in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

The endocannabinoid CB2 receptor system has been implicated in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to investigate the impact of the CB2 receptor system on AD pathology, a colony of mice with a deleted CB2 receptor gene, CNR2, was established on a transgenic human mutant APP background for pathological comparison with CB2 receptor-sufficient transgenic mice. J20 APP (PDGFB-APPSwInd) mice were bred over two generations with CNR2(-/-) (Cnr2(tm1Dgen)/J) mice to produce a colony of J20 CNR2(+/+) and J20 CNR2(-/-) mice. Seventeen J20 CNR2(+/+) mice (12 females, 5 males) and 16 J20 CNR2(-/-) mice (11 females, 5 males) were killed at 12 months, and their brains were interrogated for AD-related pathology with both biochemistry and immunocytochemistry (ICC). In addition to amyloid-dependent endpoints such as soluble Aβ production and plaque deposition quantified with 6E10 staining, the effect of CB2 receptor deletion on total soluble mouse tau production was assayed by using a recently developed high-sensitivity assay. Results revealed that soluble Aβ42 and plaque deposition were significantly increased in J20 CNR2(-/-) mice relative to CNR2(+/+) mice. Microgliosis, quantified with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) staining, did not differ between groups, whereas plaque associated microglia was more abundant in J20 CNR2(-/-) mice. Total tau was significantly suppressed in J20 CNR2(-/-) mice relative to J20 CNR2(+/+) mice. The results confirm the constitutive role of the CB2 receptor system both in reducing amyloid plaque pathology in AD and also support tehpotential of cannabinoid therapies targeting CB2 to reduce Aβ; however, the results suggest that interventions may have a divergent effect on tau pathology.
O2‐05‐03: CHARACTERIZATION AND TRANSFER OF A NOVEL PLASMA Aβ1‐42/Aβ1‐40 SIMOA ASSAY FOR INTEGRATION INTO THE CLINIC (2019)

Plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 is considered as a candidate biomarker to support drug development programs via patient enrichment in clinical trials. In-depth characterization of critical raw assay materials (eg, antibodies, conjugates), process optimization, and development of robust sample test methods (eg. limit inter-instrument variation) are essential requirements to guarantee accurate and precise data generation through clinical validation and later integration into a routine clinical environment. This study describes the transfer and qualification of the Amyblood test to a clinical lab. In the ADx and Amsterdam UMC collaboration, single-analyte prototype Amyblood immunoassays were developed on the SimoA HD-1 analyzer for quantification of Aß1-42/Aß1-40 in EDTA-plasma using combinations of well characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (Aß1-40: 2G3-3D6; Aß1-42: 21F12-3D6). The Amyblood assays were transferred from the manufacturer to a new test facility to assess, besides others, assay robustness through precision experiments. Variability of EDTA-plasma measurements (n=12; no diagnosis available) was analyzed over five independent runs in parallel on two independent Simoa platforms. Data were analyzed with Linear Mixed Models (LMM) using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) with Center, Instrument and Run as random factors. Assays were challenged for their analytical features (e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, precision, parallelism, working range) using blood samples obtained from healthy subjects. In addition, upscaling of the production process was initiated. Combination of mAbs 21F12, 2G3 and 3D6 resulted in a specificity towards respectively Aβx-42, Aβx-40 and Aβ1-x. Optimization of test instructions included, beside others, biotinylation optimization, removal of heterophylic interference, curve fit algorithms, and boundary conditions for incubation. A dilution factor of 4 and 10 for respectively Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 could eliminate matrix effects and result in acceptable parallelism (80-120% after recalculation). The assay working range (defined with calibrators) amounted from 0.5 to 16 pg/mL (Aß1-42) and from 0.5 - 64 pg/mL (Aß1-40) covering the concentration range for samples obtained from non-treated subjects. Overall precision amounted to < 16%, with Run as the major contributor to the variance.
Fibrinogen-specific T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

Heterogeneity and multifactoriality complicate diagnostics and our understanding of pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The only accepted serologic parameter (rheumatoid factor [RF]) is not disease specific, nor are any of several novel RA autoantibodies. We aimed at identifying profiles instead of individual autoreactivities allowing for unambiguous prediction of RA. Selected RA autoantigens were tested by ELISA (RF and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP]) or Western blot (heavy-chain-binding protein [BiP], heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle A2 [RA33/ hnRNP A2], calpastatin and calreticulin). Antibody reactivities were assayed from serum samples of 149 RA patients and 132 patients with other rheumatic diseases and from synovial fluids (SF) (58 RA, 65 non-RA). No single autoreactivity was sufficient for unambiguous prediction of RA. Frequencies of multiparameter profiles consisting of 3, 4, 5 and 6 autoreactivites were determined. Fifteen six-parameter serum profiles were exclusively expressed in RA patients, representing a cumulative sensitivity of 59%. Twelve SF profiles were exclusively expressed in 64% of RA patients. The self-learning classification algorithm CLASSIF1 was capable of accurately predicting RA when these profiles were present. Data profile analysis of RF/CCP/BiP/calpastatin/calreticulin/RA33 provided specific discrimination of 64% of RA. Most importantly, RA specific profiles were observed in 64% of patients with early disease (<12 months). For the first time, the accurate prediction of the class RA has been achieved by the use of multiparametric autoreactivity profiles. Because of early expression in disease, these profiles make it possible to start a disease-modifying therapy long before irreversible bone and joint destruction may develop. Additional RA-specific profiles are required to cover the entire group of RA patients.
Infection and Disease After Perinatal Exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis in Nairobi, Kenya (1988)

A cohort of 49 infants exposed to maternal chlamydial infection and 40 nonexposed infants was studied after birth for a mean of 3.3 +/- 1.5 and 3 +/- 1.7 mo, respectively. Eighteen (37%) exposed infants had at least one positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis, whereas C. trachomatis was not isolated from any of the nonexposed infants. Eighteen (37%) exposed infants developed ophthalmia neonatorum (n = 12) or infant conjunctivitis (n = 7), compared with six (15%) of the nonexposed infants (P = .04). Six (12%) exposed infants developed pneumonia, compared with none of the 40 nonexposed infants (P = .05). One infant in the exposed group died during follow-up. These results suggest that appreciable infant morbidity in Kenya may be associated with the high prevalence of maternal chlamydial infection.
Tracking the Evolution of Riverbed Morphology on the Basis of UAV Photogrammetry (2021)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has recently become a widespread technique to investigate and monitor the evolution of different types of natural processes. Fluvial geomorphology is one of such fields of application where UAV potentially assumes a key role, since it allows for overcoming the intrinsic limits of satellite and airborne-based optical imagery on one side, and in situ traditional investigations on the other. The main purpose of this paper was to obtain extensive products (digital terrain models (DTMs), orthophotos, and 3D models) in a short time, with low costs and at a high resolution, in order to verify the capability of this technique to analyze the active geomorphic processes on a 12 km long stretch of the French–Italian Roia River at both large and small scales. Two surveys, one year apart from each other, were carried out over the study area and a change detection analysis was performed on the basis of the comparison of the obtained DTMs to point out and characterize both the possible morphologic variations related to fluvial dynamics and modifications in vegetation coverage. The results highlight how the understanding of different fluvial processes may be improved by appropriately exploiting UAV-based products, which can thus represent a low-cost and non-invasive tool to crucially support decisionmakers involved in land management practices.
<i>Navies in the Mountains: The Battles on the Waters of Lake Champlain and Lake George, 1609-1814</i><i>With Burgoyne from Quebec: An Account of the Life at Quebec and of the Famous Battle at Saratoga</i> (1964)

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.
Mitral valve prolapse in hyperthyroidism of two different origins. (1985)

The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was investigated in 126 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease or toxic nodular goitre and that of hyperthyroidism in 64 patients with mitral valve prolapse. One hundred and eleven asymptomatic healthy subjects comprised a control group. The patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into those with Graves' disease and those with toxic nodular goitre. Of the group as whole, 12 (9.5%) patients had mitral valve prolapse compared with six (5.4%) in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in the patients with toxic goitre was also not significantly different from that in the controls. When the prevalence in the group with Graves' disease was compared with that in the control group (16.3% vs 5.4%) the difference was significant. Only one patient with mitral valve prolapse had hyperthyroidism.
Translatable mRNA changes in ethylene induced abscission zones of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> (Red Kidney) (1987)

The wheat germ translation system was programmed with soluble RNA extracted from foliar abscission zones of Phaseolus vulgaris, These extracts were taken at various times after the induction of abscission. A translation product with a molecular weight of 42 kilodalton (kD) was only present after this treatment, though three other species 32, 27 and 17 kD increased substantially. The isozyme of cellulase with a pi of 9.5 could not be conclusively identified amongst the products though the 32 kD protein is probably chitinase. Comparison of the abscission zone translatable RNA with that from adjacent petiole and stem tissues showed the 17 kD protein developed in all these location. The 42, 32 and 27 kD bands were found predominantly in the zone and petiole.
CANCER RISK AMONG PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND THEIR PARENTS (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study was to explore the long-term effects of physical activity intervention on quality of life (QoL) 4 years after an original randomised controlled trial (RCT). <h3>Design</h3> Cohort study after an RCT. <h3>Setting</h3> 95 of the 159 women from the original RCT participated in weight, height and waist circumference measurements, performed the UKK 2 km Walk Test and completed the SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire. Multilevel mixed regression models were performed in order to compare the original and current group in an RCT setting. <h3>Participants</h3> There were 159 participants in the original RCT; 2.5 years later, 102 of the women responded to a questionnaire and 4-year after the trial, there were 95 respondents. The inclusion criteria in the original RCT were: being symptomatic, experiencing daily hot flushes, age between 40 and 63 years, not using hormone therapy now or in the past 3 months, sedentary lifestyle and having last menstruated 3–36 months earlier. <h3>Main outcome measure</h3> Health-related QoL as measured with the SF-36 instrument. <h3>Results</h3> Women in the intervention group had a significantly higher probability of improved physical functioning (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.99) as compared with women in the control group. In addition, women in the intervention group had higher odds of good role functioning (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.67), physical health (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.84) and general health (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.62), relative to women in the control group, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Women in the intervention group showed positive long-term effects on physical and mental dimensions of QoL after 4 years. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ISRCTN54690027.
Organogenesis--Heart and Blood Formation from the Zebrafish Point of View (2002)

Organs are specialized tissues used for enhanced physiology and environmental adaptation. The cells of the embryo are genetically programmed to establish organ form and function through conserved developmental modules. The zebrafish is a powerful model system that is poised to contribute to our basic understanding of vertebrate organogenesis. This review develops the theme of modules and illustrates how zebrafish have been particularly useful for understanding heart and blood formation.
Leibniz, complexidade e incompletude = Leibniz, complexity and incompleteness (2016)

Este artigo é uma versão traduzida, revisada e expandida do artigo de G. J. Chaitin publicado em língua inglesa no American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers em 2009, uma palestra proferida em junho de 2008 na Universidade de Roma “Tor Vergata”, cujos trechos preservados aparecem aqui em primeira pessoa. Discutimos as ideias de Leibniz sobre a complexidade, e os desenvolvimentos três séculos mais tarde
ChemInform Abstract: TOTALSYNTH. VON C‐NOR‐D‐HOMO‐STEROIDEN (1970)

Abstract Zur Synthese des 17α‐Hydroxy‐C‐nor‐D‐homo‐Δ 4,9(10) ‐steradien‐3‐ons (VI) wird der trans‐Ketonmethyläther (I) mit Lithium/Ammoniak zum Enoläther (II) (70%) reduziert, dieser mit äthanolischer Salzsäure zum α,β‐ungesättigten Keton (III) hydrolysiert, (III) zum 17‐Trityläther (IV) veräthert, dessen Anion mit 1‐Jod‐3,3‐äthylendioxy‐butan zum Ketal (V) (50%) kondensiert, (V) mit Essigsäure zum Hydroxyketon hydrolysiert und dieses durch Kochen mit Natriummethylat/Methanol zu (VI) (78%) cyclisiert.
Circulating tumor cell kinetics in mRCC patients treated with sunitinib. (2014)

481 Background: Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited by inconsistent expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule. We have previously detected CTCs using microfilter devices that exploit size differences between larger epithelial tumor and smaller non-tumor blood cells. Methods: Treatment naive pts with clear cell metastatic RCC (mRCC) were enrolled on a prospective phase II trial of intermittent sunitinib. Peripheral blood samples were collected at baseline, day 28 of cycles 1, 2, 4, and after the 8-week off-treatment period. Peripheral blood was diluted 1:1 with PBS and 1% formalin. Cells were captured with microfilters, stained with pan cytokeratin (CK) and CD45, conjugated with Alexa Fluor (AF) 594 and AF 488. Microfilters were cover-slipped with a DAPI containing medium for nuclear visualization. CTCs were identified as large CK+/CD45- events. Results: Pt characteristics (n=17) included 13 male/4 female; median age 65 years; median performance status KPS 90%; 100% prior nephrectomy. By Heng criteria, 4 pts were favorable, 12 intermediate and 1 poor risk. Site of metastases included lungs (59%), bone (41%) and lymph nodes (35%). Baseline CTCs (35 total samples collected) were detectable in at least one sample in 9 patients (53%), with a median CTC count of 6 (range, 1-31/ml); overall median CTC count was 1 CTC/ml including undetectable patients at baseline. Intrapatient variability was observed with the maximum intrapatient range of 4 to 58 CTCs/ml. After cycle 1 of sunitinib, median CTCs increased to 23 cells/ml (range, 0-94). Median CTCs after cycle 2 was 2 cells/ml (range, 0-322) and cycle 4 was 4.5 cells/ml (range, 0-500). After the 8 week off-treatment period, a median of 3.5 CTCs/ml (range, 0-242) were detected. In 6 patients with undetectable CTCs at baseline, CTCs were detected during the first 2 cycles of treatment, and in 4 of these patients, they declined or became undetectable by the last sampling period. Conclusions: A high rate of CTC detection is demonstrated using micro-filters in mRCC. CTC levels tend to increase during the first few weeks of treatment with sunitinib, and then decline with continued sunitinib and after sunitinib is held.
Reduction Behaviors of Hot Metal Dephosphorization Slag in a Slag Regenerator (2006)

The reduction behavior of dephosphorization slag on the iron bath in the reduction furnace of the slag regeneration process was researched by test converter experiments. Dephosphorization slag and coke as the reduction agent and the heat source were added to the hot metal in the converter and oxygen was blown through the top lance. During the blowing, the reduction of (P2O5), (FeO) and (MnO) in the slag proceeded simultaneously. The amount of phosphorus and manganese oxide in the slag decreased and the amount of phosphorus and manganese in the metal increased in turn during the reduction. The unknown amount of these elements which occupied about 20% of total input also existed. The unknown parts of phosphorus and manganese in material balance are seemed to be caused mainly by the vaporization of phosphorus and manganese from the droplets generated by the reduction at the slag/coke interface.
Triple mode-jumping in a spin torque oscillator (2013)

In a nano-contact Co/Cu/NiFe spin torque oscillator, mode-jumping between up to three frequencies within 22.5-24.0 GHz is electrically observed in the time domain. The measurements reveal toggling between two states with differing oscillation amplitude, of which the low-amplitude state is further divided into two rapidly alternating modes. Analysis of the mode dwell time statistics and the total time spent in each mode is carried out, and it is found that in both aspects the balance between the modes is greatly altered with the DC drive current.
<title>Soliton generation via intrapulse stimulated Raman scattering in photonic crystal fibers: experimental and numerical investigations</title> (2002)

We investigate femtosecond pulse propagation in photonic crystal fiber, reporting the generation of tunable femtosecond soliton pulses. For sufficiently broad spectral content, stimulated Raman scattering transfers energy from the higher frequency spectral components to lower frequencies, resulting in a continuous self-frequency shift to longer wavelengths. Power dependent spectral analysis reveals a well-formed soliton at peak powers exceeding 100 W. Background-free intensity autocorrelation measurements confirm soliton formation with a duration of < 90 fs and with an energy conversion efficiency of 60%. Numerical solutions were performed based on a generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation that included the effects of dispersion, self-steepening, optical shock formation, self-phase modulation and stimulated Raman scattering. The resulting spectra from the simulations are in excellent agreement with the measured spectra, and are consistent with the intensity autocorrelation measurements.
Laser‐Modulated Ordering of Gold Nanoparticles at the Air/Water Interface (2009)

Beam me up, Scotty! Laser irradiation of Langmuir monolayers of gold nanoparticles (NPs) and elaidic acid led to dramatic reorganization that was dependent on the laser power (see picture, scale bar = 100 microm). Variable-temperature experiments indicate that localized surface heating in an extremely small temperature range, induced by the laser beam, causes ordering of the NPs.
Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Methylwelwitindolinone D Isonitrile (2013)

Die Totalsynthese von N-Methylwelwitindolinon-D-isonitril (1) gelang in 17 Schritten ausgehend von einem leicht zugänglichen Carvonderivat. Die Syntheseroute enthält eine doppelte C-H-Funktionalisierung eines Ketooxindol-Substrats zur Einführung des Tetrahydrofuranrings. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Is nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia a form of frontal lobe epilepsy? (1992)

The sex ratio, age at onset, and ictal features of nine patients with nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia were compared with those of eight patients with daytime frontal lobe seizures and eight patients with nocturnal motor attacks of known epileptic origin. All patients underwent video electroencephalography telemetry. There were no clinical features that would allow distinction between the groups and no single phenomenon was uniquely seen in nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia. This study provides no evidence that nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia is a separate diagnostic entity.
Structural studies on Superconducting materials and fullerites by electron microscopy (1993)

High‐resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has proved invaluable in the study of local structure—i.e. defects—which in many cases govern the physical, chemical, and electrical properties of materials. The use of HREM in investigations of cuprate high‐temperature superconductors is reviewed, especially for compounds in which substituents replace some of the copper. HREM can also be very successfully combined with other techniques, such as electron diffraction, as is demonstrated by results of research on the structure and phase transitions of C 60 and C 70 .