gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Approach to Selecting and Designing a Miniature Downhole Refrigerator (1992)

The design approach and results from a series of analyses used to select a miniature high-temperature multi-watt refrigerator for thermally protecting downhole instruments are described. Thirty-one systems from nine physical or chemical processes were investigated and compared against the design criteria and constraints. Preliminary thermodynamic analyses and the results of a search for high-temperature components and refrigerants eliminated all but three processes and seven systems. These seven systems were re-evaluated based on a set of proposed design changes that reflect natural evolution from a prototype to commercial system application. Final selection considered refrigerator interactions with the geothermal logging system to define failure modes, ensure compatibility, and allow adaptability to changing conditions. The selected refrigerator design permits reliable, long-term active cooling of downhole instruments in hot wells. The consistent design, systematic analysis and unbiased selection process represent a new body of research results that provide potential for substantial advances in downhole thermal protection technology.
Hybrid approach to crime prediction using deep learning (2015)

Prevention is better that Cure. Preventing a crime from occurring is better than investigating what or how the crime had occurred. Just like vaccination is given to a child to prevent disease, in today's world with such higher crime rate and brutal crime happenings, it have become necessary to have a vaccination systems that prevents from crimes happening. By vaccinating society against crime it refers to various methods such as educating peoples, creating awareness, increasing efficiency and proactive policing methods and other deterrent techniques. Inspired by two different existing approach to crime prediction, the first one present a visual analytics approach that provides decision makers with a proactive and predictive environment in order to assist them in making effective resource allocation and deployment decisions. Crime incident prediction has depends mainly on the historical crime record and various geospatial and demographic information <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</sup> . Even though it's promising, they do not take into account the rich and rapidly expanding social & web media context that surrounds incidents of interest. Next approach is based on the semantic analysis and natural language processing of Twitter posts via latent Dirichlet allocation, Topic detection Sentiment analysis <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3[4]]</sup> . But both the techniques faces inherent limitations. Crime that happens these days are have following key characteristics such as crimes repeating in a periodic fashion, crimes occurring as a result of some other activity and occurrence of crimes pre indicated by some other information.
Luminescent Behavior of the K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup>Red Phosphor at High Fluxes and at the Microscopic Level (2015)

Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly popular for general lighting. The non-rare-earth phosphorK(2)SiF(6): Mn4+, showing promising saturated red d-d-line emission, was investigated. To evaluate the application potential of this phosphor, the luminescence behavior was studied at high excitation intensities and on the microscopic level. The emission shows a sublinear behavior at excitation powers exceeding 40 W/cm(2), caused by ground-state depletion due to the ms range luminescence lifetime. The thermal properties of the luminescence in K2SiF6: Mn4+ were investigated up to 450 K, with thermal quenching only setting in above 400 K. The luminescence lifetime decreases with increasing temperature, even before thermal quenching sets in, which is favorable to counteract the sublinear response at high excitation intensity. A second, faster, decay component emerges above 295 K, which, according to crystal field calculations, is related to a fraction of the Mn4+ ions incorporated on tetragonally deformed lattice sites. A combined investigation of structural and luminescence properties in a scanning electron microscope using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence mappings showed both phosphor degradation at high fluxes and a preferential location of the light outcoupling at irregularities in the crystal facets. The use of K2SiF6: Mn4+ in a remote phosphor configuration is discussed.
Using the Laboratory to Teach the Nature of Science (1968)

Research Article| October 01 1968 Using the Laboratory to Teach the Nature of Science Ronald D. Anderson Ronald D. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1968) 30 (8): 633–636. https://doi.org/10.2307/4442212 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ronald D. Anderson; Using the Laboratory to Teach the Nature of Science. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1968; 30 (8): 633–636. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4442212 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1968 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
6,6′-Disulfide Cross-Links in Cotton Cellulose; Part II: Effects of Different Cross-Linking Conditions (1963)

The effects of covalent, intermolecular cross-linking resulting from the introduction into cellulose of thio (SH) groups which are subsequently oxidized to form disulfide (S—S) linkages between the cellulose chains are discussed. When the reactions described herein are carried out on cotton fabrics, there is enhanced wet and/or dry wrinkle recovery, depending upon the mode of thio group oxidation. The results of oxidation in aqueous, nonaqueous, and gas-phase systems are compared. The relation between the degree of cross-linking and wrinkle recovery is described in quantitative terms. The effects of intermediate reactions and disulfide cross-linking on strength as well as on wrinkle recovery are also described.
Facile Fabrication of Inorganic‐Polymer Core–Shell Nanostructures by a One‐Step Vapor Deposition Polymerization (2003)

Eine Vielzahl polymerer Ummantelungen mit kontrollierter Schichtdicke lässt sich leicht auf der Oberfläche von Kolloiden auf Silicium- oder Titanbasis durch Aufdampf-Polymerisation (VDP) herstellen. Von Polydivinylbenzol-Ummantelungen abgeleitete Kohlenstoff-Hüllen werden beispielsweise bei der Verkapselung von Pyrenen verwendet, die als photochrome Farbstoffe dienen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen den Nutzen von VDP als eine einfache Methode zur Herstellung verschiedener Kapselmaterialien oder von Kern-Schale-Nanopartikeln.
Heat mediated quick Coomassie blue protein staining and destaining of SDS-PAGE gels. (1998)

For the detection of proteins on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Coomassie blue is used commonly on account of its simplicity and reliability. In this report we show that enhanced heat, in addition to dramatically decreasing the time required for staining and destaining, also significantly increased the detection sensitivity. For a 1.5 mm gel, the staining time was 5 min at 55, 62.5 or 70 degrees C while the destaining time was 45, 45 and 20 min respectively. For a 0.8 mm gel, the staining time could be reduced to 1 min at 65 degrees C compared to 2 min at 60 degrees C and 5 min at 55 degrees C. The destaining time required was 8, 15 and 20 min at the respective temperatures.
INJECTION TECHNIQUE FOR STUDYING RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS (1960)

A vascular injection technique with silver nitrate (Hausler and Sibay, 1959) allows the retinal vascular tree to be seen in its full continuity and also shows up structural details of the vessel walls. By using a mixture of two silver salt solutions, this technique has now been considerably simplified, giving equally good results.
An Electron Energy Analyzer for Photoelectron Energy Distribution Studies on Solids (1971)

A 127° electrostatic cylindrical analyzer has been adapted for photoemission measurements. The resolution of the unit is 1.3% at 20 eV, increasing to 3.5% at 2 eV. The transmission is about 9% for energies higher than 6 eV. Integral photocurrents down to 10−15 A can be analyzed with a signal-to-noise ratio of 100. Digital data acquisition allows differentiation of the measured energy distribution spectra to enhance structure. The result is equivalent to an ac modulation technique with a considerable improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for a given integration time. Data on platinum are used as an example.
Analysis of Deadline Scheduled Real-Time Systems (1996)

A uniform, flexible approach is proposed for analysing the feasibility of deadline scheduled real-time systems. In its most general formulation, the analysis assumes sporadically periodic tasks with arbitrary deadlines, release jitter, and shared resources. System overheads of a tick driven scheduler implementation, and scheduling of soft aperiodic tasks are also accounted for. A procedure for the computation of task worst-case response times is also described for the same model. While this problem has been largely studied in the context of fixed priority systems, we are not aware of other works that have proposed a solution to it when deadline scheduling is assumed. The worst-case response time evaluation is a fundamental tool for analysing end-to-end timing constraints in distributed systems [21].
MICRONEEDLES FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY IN HUMAN SUBJECTS (2009)

Microneedles have been developed as a minimally invasive alternative to painful hypodermic needles to deliver modern biotherapeutics. Previously, several in-vitro and in-vivo animal studies have been conducted to show that microneedles increase skin permeability to a wide range of molecules that cannot cross the skin using conventional transdermal patches due to the skin's stratum corneum barrier. However, only a limited number of studies have been performed to study microneedle-based drug delivery in human subjects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform the first-in-humans microneedle studies to: a) characterize skin repair responses to solid microneedle insertion to determine the extent of increased skin permeability coupled with predictions of pharmacokinetics of drug delivered through premeabilized skin, b) determine the effect of hollow microneedle-based infusion parameters on flow conductivity of skin and pain and thereby identify barriers to fluid flow into the skin from hollow microneedles, c) assess the safety and efficacy of systemic therapeutic effects through measurement of pharmacokinetic parameters, pain and irritation for microneedle-based insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes subjects, and d) assess the safety and efficacy of local therapeutic effects though delivery of lidocaine to the skin. Results showed for the first time that solid microneedle-treated skin reseals rapidly (< 2 h) in the absence of occlusion whereas occluded skin reseals slowly (3-40 h) depending on microneedle geometry as determined by skin impedance measurements. Increased microneedle length, number, and cross-sectional area led to slower recovery kinetics in the presence of occlusion. This thesis also demonstrated that the flow conductivity of skin decreased as fluid was infused to the dermis through hollow microneedles due to the dense structure of the dermis. Microneedle retraction, low flow rates, and the addition of hyaluronidase helped increase flow conductivity. Microneedles were able to deliver 800 µl of saline to the dermis without causing significant pain. Further, microneedle-based insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes subjects revealed that microneedles provided faster pharmacokinetics and improved glycaemic control than conventional subcutaneous catheters. Lastly, microneedle-based lidocaine injection demonstrated that microneedles were less painful, as effective, and more preferred than hypodermic needles in anesthetizing clinically relevant areas.
Quantification of high-specificity cyclic diguanylate signaling (2012)

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger molecule that regulates the transition between sessile and motile lifestyles in bacteria. Bacteria often encode multiple diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes that produce and degrade c-di-GMP, respectively. Because of multiple inputs into the c-di-GMP-signaling network, it is unclear whether this system functions via high or low specificity. High-specificity signaling is characterized by individual DGCs or PDEs that are specifically associated with downstream c-di-GMP-mediated responses. In contrast, low-specificity signaling is characterized by DGCs or PDEs that modulate a general signal pool, which, in turn, controls a global c-di-GMP-mediated response. To determine whether c-di-GMP functions via high or low specificity in Vibrio cholerae, we correlated the in vivo c-di-GMP concentration generated by seven DGCs, each expressed at eight different levels, to the c-di-GMP-mediated induction of biofilm formation and transcription. There was no correlation between total intracellular c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation or gene expression when considering all states. However, individual DGCs showed a significant correlation between c-di-GMP production and c-di-GMP-mediated responses. Moreover, the rate of phenotypic change versus c-di-GMP concentration was significantly different between DGCs, suggesting that bacteria can optimize phenotypic output to c-di-GMP levels via expression or activation of specific DGCs. Our results conclusively demonstrate that c-di-GMP does not function via a simple, low-specificity signaling pathway in V. cholerae.
Fauna Preservation in N'Gamiland (1962)

Schemes for the preservation of fauna in Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda are much to the fore at the present time, and quite rightly so, but we would like to advance the claims of N'gamiland as being one of the finest places of them all where the wild life of Africa may yet be found in its almost pristine state, rivalling that of N'gorongoza, the Serengeti Plains and the Ngorongoro Crater. We plead also the urgent need for the formation of a society dedicated to the protection of the fauna in support of an understaffed and overworked Game Department.
Methodology of testability design of electronic components based on the boundary-scan method? (2010)

The complex electronic components should be tested during either the period of design and manufacture or the period of debugging and running to ensure that their application quality meet the requirements. However, the traditional testing technology encounters tremendous difficulties and the cost of testing is expensive with the rapidly development of the electronic components' integrated technology and the increase of the complexity of their own. Academic research and testing practice indicate that the problem of testing for the electronic components can be predigested and eventually solved no other than improving the testability design of the electronic components. In this paper, at first, the basic principle and the testing flow of the boundary-scan method are introduced. Then, fault models of the electronic components and mathematical model for the boundary-scan test are put forward. Based on the above knowledge, the generation of test vectors and analysis method of the response belonged to the boundary-scan method are introduced in the following. At last, the testability design based on boundary-scan belonged to a complex electronic component is presented.
Inerrancy, Inspiration, and Dictation (1995)

Williams, Joel S. (1995) "Inerrancy, Inspiration, and Dictation," Restoration Quarterly: Vol. 37 : No. 3. This repository hosts selected Restoration Quarterly articles in downloadable PDF format. For the benefit of users who would like to browse the contents of RQ, we have included all issue covers even when full-text articles from that issue are unavailable. All Restoration Quarterly articles are available in full text in the ATLA Religion Database, available through most university and theological libraries or through your local library’s inter-library loan service.
Comparison of Phenate and Salicylate Methods for Determination of Total Ammonia Nitrogen in Freshwater and Saline Water (2012)

A study was conducted to compare the precision and accuracy of the phenate method and the salicylate method for determining total ammonia nitrogen concentration in water over a wide range of salinities. The two methods provided results that were highly correlated ( P < 0.01) as follows: freshwater, n = 29, r = 0.996; low salinity (≫4 ppt), n = 17, r = 0.994; high salinity (≫24 ppt), n = 11, r = 0.981. Considering all samples the regression equation for the two methods was Y = 0.939 X + 0.0038 where X = salicylate method (mg/L) and Y = phenate method (mg/L); the r value was 0.984 ( P < 0.01), the slope differed from 1.0 ( P < 0.05), but the intercept was not different from 0.0 ( P > 0.05). In replicate analyses of the same samples, the salicylate method often gave a higher mean concentration of total ammonia nitrogen than was obtained with the phenate method. Also, precision was usually better for the salicylate method. Accuracy, as determined by spike recovery, was slightly superior for the salicylate method. The findings suggest that the salicylate method is a preferable alternative to the phenate methods for use in freshwater and saline water aquaculture applications.
Advanced Three-Dimensional Echocardiography (2014)

__Abstract__\n\nDuring the development of echocardiography, 3D echocardiography imaging represents\na major innovation in cardiovascular ultrasound (Figure 1). Advancements in computer\nand transducer technologies permit real-time 3D acquisition and presentation\nof cardiac structures from any view. An important milestone in the history of real-time\n3D echocardiography was reached shortly after the year 2000, with the development\nof fully sampled matrix-array transducers (Figure 2). These transducers provide excellent\nreal-time imaging of the beating heart in three dimensions and require significant technological developments in both hardware and software.
Use of delayed smart meter measurements for distribution state estimation (2011)

The feasibility of using delayed smart meter measurements for distribution state estimation is investigated. It was assumed that smart meters take local measurements, store them, and transmit a batch of information twice a day. An 11 kV underground network (the UK Generic Distribution Network) with various numbers of distributed generators connected was used for the study. The error and standard deviations of the voltage estimates are reported for a varying number of near realtime measurements from the distributed generators. Simulations results for different loads and generation outputs are also reported. The results shows that the voltages of a distribution network can be estimated reliably by a state estimator using the previous day's smart meter measurements and a small number of near real-time measurements.
Physicochemical and Enzymatic Properties of Benzyl Isothiocyanate Derivatized Proteinases (1998)

This paper deals with interactions of benzyl isothiocyanate (benzyl-ITC) with cysteine proteases (bromelain and papain) as well as with serine proteases (trypsin and α-chymotrypsin). The derivatives formed with different amounts of benzyl-ITC (10−125 mg of benzyl-ITC/g of protein) have been characterized in terms of their physicochemical and proteolytic properties. Detectable changes in the chromatogram pattern of the derivatives coupled with an increase in hydrophobicity were documented by RP-HPLC. Furthermore, the isoelectric point was shifted to the lower pH values. SDS−PAGE and MALDI-MS of the chymotrypsin derivatives showed distinctive molecular changes. The other major subject of the present paper shows the effects of benzyl-ITC derivatization on proteolytic activity of bromelain, papain, trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin. In general, a decrease of enzyme activity was documented for the proteolysis of casein and myoglobin as substrates. Keywords: Isothiocyanates; enzyme derivatization; bromelain; papain; trypsin; α-chymotrypsin; proteolytic degradation; casein; myoglobin; RP-HPLC; IEF; MALDI-MS
A Differential Cerenkov Counter (1958)

A beam of parallel particles of given velocity traversing a transparent radiator gives off Cerenkov radiation at a unique angle with respect to the beam direction independently of the point of traversal. Such light can be brought to a ring focus. A Cerenkov counter has been built using this principle. Velocity definition is obtained by using a ring diaphragm on the face of a photomultiplier. The greatest velocity definition is obtained for small angle Cerenkov light; we have chosen 10 degrees. To change the velocity selection without changing the optics the index of refraction of the radiator is varied. The index of refraction may be varied by changing the pressure of a gas near its critical point. The working fluid is Fluorochemical FC-75. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> The index of refraction of FC-75 can be varied continuously from n = 1.15 to n = 1.01 at a temperature of 250°C by changing the pressure. The counter has been tested using 1.8 bev/c π mesons from the Brookhaven Cosmotron; the counting rate vs pressure of the FC-75 has a full width corresponding to less than Δ ß = 0.01.
Mapping the Agonist Binding Site of the GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor: Evidence for a β-Strand (1999)

GABAA receptors, along with the receptors for acetylcholine, glycine, and serotonin, are members of a ligand-gated ion channel superfamily (Ortells and Lunt, 1995). Because of the paucity of crystallographic information for these ligand-gated channels, little is known about the structure of their binding sites or how agonist binding is transduced into channel gating. We used the substituted cysteine accessibility method to obtain secondary structural information about the GABA binding site and to systematically identify residues that line its surface. Each residue from alpha1 Y59 to K70 was mutated to cysteine and expressed with wild-type beta2 subunits in Xenopus oocytes or HEK 293 cells. The sulfhydryl-specific reagent N-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA-Biotin) was used to covalently modify the cysteine-substituted residues. Receptors with cysteines substituted at positions alpha1 T60, D62, F64, R66, and S68 reacted with MTSEA-Biotin, and alpha1 F64C, R66C, and S68C were protected from reaction by agonist. We conclude that alpha1 F64, R66, and S68 line part of the GABA binding site. The alternating pattern of accessibility of consecutive engineered cysteines to reaction with MTSEA-Biotin indicates that the region from alpha1 Y59 to S68 is a beta-strand.