gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis with Pancreatic Calcification: Presenting Manifestation of Occult Celiac Disease (1994)

A 62-year-old Canadian Caucasian female with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, exocrine failure and pancreatic calcification presented with weight loss, diarrhea and peripheral edema. Subsequent investigations revealed celiac disease that was responsive to a gluten-free diet. Calcification in the pancreas may reflect impaired absorption with severe protein-energy malnutrition and may be the initial presenting feature of occult celiac disease.
Nerve tissue engineering using blends of poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoates) for peripheral nerve regeneration (2015)

The only types of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) that have been explored for use in nerve regeneration are poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (P(3HB‐co‐3HHx)). However, nerve regeneration induced by these PHAs is inferior to that of autologous nerve grafting. The aim of this work was to study novel PHA blends as resorbable biomaterials for the manufacture of nerve guidance conduits. PHA blend films with varying ratios of poly(3‐hydroxyoctanoate)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HO)/P(3HB)) were produced using the solvent‐casting method. Neat films of P(3HO) and P(3HB), along with 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 blend films of P(3HO)/P(3HB), were characterized with respect to chemical, material, and biological properties. On surface analysis, the blends exhibited higher values of roughness compared with the neat films. The differential scanning calorimetry characterization of the blends confirmed that P(3HO) and P(3HB) formed immiscible blends. FTIR and XRD analysis of the blends showed a decrease in crystallinity along with an increase of the proportion of P(3HO) . However, an increase in the stiffness of the blends was observed when the proportion of P(3HB) increased. Although all of the blends were biocompatible with NG108‐15 neuronal cells, the 25:75 P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend showed significantly better support for growth and differentiation of these cells. The mechanical properties of PHA blends correspond to the reported properties of peripheral nerves. Therefore, they could serve as base material for the manufacture of nerve guidance conduits.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Stereoselective Syntheses of (E)‐ and (Z)‐α‐Substituted Cinnamates by Stereoselective Dehydration Reaction with 1‐Ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt perforations of the gastrointestinal tract (2015)

OBJECT The purposes of this study were to evaluate the frequency with which children presented with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt perforations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, to determine the type of shunts that caused the perforations, and to compare the stiffness of perforating catheters with the stiffness of catheters from other manufacturers. METHODS Medical records were reviewed of 197 children who were admitted with VP shunt malfunction. Catheter stiffness was evaluated by measuring relative resistance to cross-sectional compression, resistance to column buckling, and elasticity in longitudinal bending. Catheter frictional force was measured per unit length. RESULTS Six children were identified whose VP shunts had perforated the GI tract; 2 shunts subsequently protruded through the anal orifice, 1 protruded through the oral cavity, and 3 presented with subcutaneous abscesses that tracked upward from the intestine to the chest. All perforating shunts were Chhabra shunts. Catheter stiffness and resistance to bending were greatest with a Medtronic shunt catheter, intermediate with a Codman catheter, and least with a Chhabra catheter. Frictional force was greatest with a Chhabra catheter and least with a Medtronic catheter. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of perforations by Chhabra shunts appears to be higher than the frequency associated with other shunts. The increased frequency does not correlate with their stiffness but may reflect their greater frictional forces.
XMCD Analysis Beyond Standard Procedures (2007)

We show that the standard analysis procedures as sum rule application and multipole‐moment analysis for XMCD spectra can fail for magnetic samples of present interest. Two examples will be given: 1) The induced magnetic moments in ultrathin films of the light 3d elements Ti, V and Cr at the interface to Fe cannot be determined by the XMCD sum rule or multipole‐moment analysis at the L2,3 edges. This is due to correlation effects which result in the deviation of the intensity ratio (branching ratio) from its statistical value. To address this point we established a double‐pole approximation within time‐dependent density functional theory. 2) The analysis of the L2,3 XMCD of rare earth elements is not only hampered by the appearance of electric quadrupolar contributions (E2) in addition to the dipolar contributions (E1). Even after separation of the two, one determines the wrong sign of the induced 5d moment by the sum rules. This originates from the spin dependence of the transition matrix elements. To tackle these difficulties we compare the experimental spectra to ab initio calculations of the entire isotropic XAS and the dichroic signal.
AlGaAs/AlAs QW modulator for 6328 Å operation (1991)

The first reflection measurements of an AlGaAs/AlAs quantum well modulator designed to operate at the He–Ne laser wavelength of 6328 Å are reported. Photocurrent measurements indicate large absorption changes in the QWs. The measured fractional reflectivity change of 7% was used to stabilise a He–Ne laser through negative feedback.
Gene therapy and tissue engineering for sports medicine (2002)

Sports injuries usually involve tissues that display a limited capacity for healing. The treatment of sports injuries has improved over the past 10 to 20 years through sophisticated rehabilitation programs, novel operative techniques, and advances in the field of biomechanical research. Despite this considerable progress, no optimal solution has been found for treatment of various sports-related injuries, including muscle injuries, ligament and tendon ruptures, central meniscal tears, cartilage lesions, and delayed bone fracture healing. New biological approaches focus on the treatment of these injuries with growth factors to stimulate and hasten the healing process. Gene therapy using the transfer of defined genes encoding therapeutic proteins represents a promising way to efficiently deliver suitable growth factors into the injured tissue. Tissue engineering, which may eventually be combined with gene therapy, may potentially result in the creation of tissues or scaffolds for regeneration of tissue defects following trauma. In this article we will discuss why gene therapy and tissue engineering are becoming increasingly important in modern orthopaedic sports medicine practice. We then will review recent research achievements in the area of gene therapy and tissue engineering for sports-related injuries, and highlight the potential clinical applications of this technology in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal problems following sports-related injuries.
Stereochemistry of indolmycin biosynthesis. Steric course of C- and N-methylation reactions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of indolmycin biosynthesis. Steric course of C- and N-methylation reactionsRonald W. Woodard, Leonard Mascaro Jr., Rolf Hoerhammer, Stephen Eisenstein, and Heinz G. FlossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 20, 6314–6318Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00540a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00540a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Response and Imaging-Based Combination Strategies for Optimal PDT (2007)

Optical imaging is an increasingly useful tool in biomedical studies, in the investigations of cell biology mechanisms and in the detection and diagnosis of disease. An overview of studies from different laboratories will be presented.
Thermodynamic Aspects and Biological Profile of CDAN/DOPE and DC-Chol/DOPE Lipoplexes (2003)

The DNA complexation and condensation properties of two established cationic liposome formulations, CDAN/DOPE (50:50, m/m; Trojene) and DC-Chol/DOPE (60:40, m/m), were investigated by using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and turbidity assays. Plasmid DNA (7528 bp) was titrated with extruded liposomes (90 +/- 15 nm) and a thermodynamic profile established. ITC data revealed that the two liposome formulations differ substantially in their DNA complexation characteristics. Equilibrium dissociation constants for CDAN/DOPE (K(d) = 19 +/- 3 microM) and DC-Chol/DOPE liposomes (K(d) = 2 +/- 0.5 microM) were obtained by fitting the experimental data in a one-site binding model. Both CDAN/DOPE and DC-Chol/DOPE binding events take place with a negative binding enthalpy (DeltaH degrees = -0.5 and -1.7 kcal/mol, respectively) and increasing system entropy (TDeltaS = 6 +/- 0.3 and 6.2 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol, respectively). Interestingly, CDAN/DOPE liposomes undergo substantial rehydration and protonation prior to complexation with pDNA, which is observed as two discrete exothermic signals during titration. No such biphasic effects are seen with respect to the binding between DC-Chol/DOPE and pDNA that appears to be otherwise instantaneous with no rehydration effects. The rehydration and protonation characteristics of CDAN/DOPE liposomes in comparison with those of DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes are confirmed by ITC; CDAN/DOPE liposomes have strongly exothermic dilution characteristics and DC-Chol/DOPE liposomes only mildly endothermic characteristics. Furthermore, analysis of cationic liposome-pDNA binding by CD spectroscopy reveals that CDAN/DOPE-pDNA lipoplexes are more structurally fluid than DC-Chol/DOPE-pDNA lipoplexes. CDAN/DOPE liposomes induced considerable fluctuation in the DNA structure for at least 60 min, whereas liposomes obtained from DC-Chol/DOPE lack the same effect on the DNA structure. Turbidity studies show that DC-Chol/DOPE lipoplexes exhibit greater resistance to serum than CDAN/DOPE lipoplexes, which showed substantial precipitation after incubation for 100 min with serum. Transfection studies on HeLa and Panc-1 cells reveal that CDAN/DOPE lipoplexes are superior in efficacy to DC-Chol/DOPE lipoplexes. CDAN/DOPE liposomes tend to transfect best in normal growth medium (including 10% serum and antibiotics), whereas DC-Chol/DOPE lipoplexes transfect best under serum free transfection conditions.
Photoautotrophic Polyhydroxybutyrate Granule Formation Is Regulated by Cyanobacterial Phasin PhaP in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 (2015)

Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms which fix atmospheric carbon dioxide via the Calvin-Benson cycle to produce carbon backbones for primary metabolism. Fixed carbon can also be stored as intracellular glycogen, and in some cyanobacterial species like Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulates when major nutrients like phosphorus or nitrogen are absent. So far only three enzymes which participate in PHB metabolism have been identified in this organism, namely, PhaA, PhaB, and the heterodimeric PHB synthase PhaEC. In this work, we describe the cyanobacterial PHA surface-coating protein (phasin), which we term PhaP, encoded by ssl2501. Translational fusion of Ssl2501 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) showed a clear colocalization to PHB granules. A deletion of ssl2501 reduced the number of PHB granules per cell, whereas the mean PHB granule size increased as expected for a typical phasin. Although deletion of ssl2501 had almost no effect on the amount of PHB, the biosynthetic activity of PHB synthase was negatively affected. Secondary-structure prediction and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of PhaP revealed that the protein consists of two α-helices, both of them associating with PHB granules. Purified PhaP forms oligomeric structures in solution, and both α-helices of PhaP contribute to oligomerization. Together, these results support the idea that Ssl2501 encodes a cyanobacterial phasin, PhaP, which regulates the surface-to-volume ratio of PHB granules.
Magnetization reversal of Co/Pd multilayers on nanoporous templates (2012)

By making use of an e-beam deposition system, the [Co(2 Å)/Pd(10 Å)]15 multilayers were prepared on a Si(100) substrate and anodized aluminum oxide [AAO] templates with average pore diameters of around 185, 95, and 40 nm. The mechanism of magnetization reversal of the Co/Pd multilayers was investigated. Wall motion was observed on the Co/Pd multilayers grown on the Si substrate. A combination of wall motion and domain rotation was found in the sample grown on the AAO template with a 185-nm pore diameter. For the samples grown on the AAO templates with pore diameters of around 95 and 40 nm, the reversal mechanism was dominated by domain rotation. The rotational reversal was mainly contributed from the underlying nanoporous AAO templates that provided an additional pinning effect.PACS: 75.30.Gw, magnetic anisotropy; 78.67.Rb, nanoporous materials; 75.60.Jk, magnetization reversal mechanisms.
[<sup>3</sup>H]4‐(Dimethylamino)‐<i>N</i>‐[4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazin‐ 1‐yl)butyl]benzamide, a selective radioligand for dopamine D<sub>3</sub>receptors. I. In vitro characterization (2009)

4-(Dimethylamino)-N-(4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzamide (WC-10), a N-phenyl piperazine analog, has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity for dopamine D(3) receptors versus dopamine D(2) receptors (Chu et al. [2005] Bioorg Med Chem 13:77-87). In this study, WC-10 was radiolabeled with tritium (specific activity = 80 Ci/mmol) and [(3)H]WC-10 binding to genetically cloned dopamine D(2L) and D(3) receptors was evaluated in vitro. [(3)H]WC-10 binds with a 66-fold higher affinity to human HEK D(3) than HEK D(2L) receptors, with a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 1.2 nM at HEK D(3) receptors. However, [(3)H]WC-10 binds to rat Sf9 rD(3) receptors with a K(d) of 3.9 nM, a value that is 3-fold lower than binding to human HEK D(3) receptors and 40-fold value higher than binding to rat Sf9 rD(2L) receptors. The K(d) values obtained from saturation binding experiments were consistent with the results determined from kinetic (k(on) and k(off)) studies. The pharmacologic profiles of a series of dopaminergic drugs for inhibiting the binding of [(3)H]WC-10 to D(3) receptors was in agreement with previously reported data. In vitro autoradiography studies of rat and monkey brains show that [(3)H]WC-10 labeled D(3) sites in the striatal region.
Acute changes in neurovascular reactivity after subarachnoid hemorrhage <i>in vivo</i> (2015)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes acute and long-lasting constrictions of pial arterioles. Whether these vessels dilate normally to neuronal activity is of great interest since a mismatch between delivery and consumption of glucose and oxygen may cause additional neuronal damage. Therefore, we investigated neurovascular reactivity of pial and parenchymal arterioles after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage by filament perforation or sham surgery. Neurovascular reactivity was assessed 3 h later by forepaw stimulation or inhalation of 10% CO<sub>2</sub> Diameters of cerebral arterioles were assessed using two-photon microscopy. Neurovascular coupling and astrocytic endfoot Ca<sup>2+</sup> were measured in brain slices using two-photon and infrared-differential interference contrast microscopy. Vessels of sham-operated mice dilated normally to CO<sub>2</sub> and forepaw stimulation. Three hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, CO<sub>2</sub> reactivity was completely lost in both pial and parenchymal arterioles, while neurovascular coupling was not affected. Brain slices studies also showed normal neurovascular coupling and a normal increase in astrocytic endfoot Ca<sup>2+</sup> acutely after subarachnoid hemorrhage. These findings suggest that communication between neurons, astrocytes, and parenchymal arterioles is not affected in the first few hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, while CO<sub>2</sub> reactivity, which is dependent on NO signaling, is completely lost.
Trabecular Pattern Indicators of Bone Viability and Necrosis (1981)

Hyperemic osteoporosis can be detected early on serial roentgenograms by loss of the fine trabecular pattern. Maintenance of the normal pattern may be a sign of avascular necrosis. During repair, the fine trabeculae reconstitute poorly, and new bone deposits on the remaining primary heavier trabeculae, leaving a permanent coarse pattern as an indication of former osteoporosis.
Performance and economic evaluation of a hot-side electrostatic precipitator. Final report, December 1976-September 1978 (1978)

The report gives results of measurements--to determine the overall mass and fractional collection efficiency of a hot-side electrostatic precipitator (ESP)--across 1 chamber of a 16-chambered ESP. Measurements of fractional efficiency were conducted across the entire ESP. In situ and laboratory resistivity measurements were performed, and voltage-current characteristics of the power supplies were obtained. An engineering analysis was conducted, including an estimate of the specific collecting area required for a cold-side ESP on the same boiler. Results include: (1) voltage waveforms and secondary voltage-current relationships showed characteristics similar to back-corona although fly ash resistivity was 5 x 10 to the 9th power ohm-cm at 350 C (in situ determination); (2) ESP operation was sensitive to resistivity variation in a resistivity region (2 x 10 to the 10th power to 8 x 10 to the 8th power ohm-cm from laboratory determinations) where no sensitivity was expected; (3) overall mass collection efficiency of an isolated chamber was 99.22% for a specific collection area of 52.6 sq m/(cu m/sec), average secondary voltage was 22 kV, and average secondary current density was 40 nA/sq cm; and (4) the turnkey cost of the ESP system was estimated at $34,940,000 ($44/kW) in 1977 dollars.
Neutron scattering from colloids (1978)

This paper appraises the usefulness of neutron diffraction and small angle scattering for determining the structure of dilute and concentrated sols. For monodisperse polystyrene latex, the particle size and density can be readily determined and an upper limit to density fluctuations within the colloid particle set. For the polystyrene latex peptized by the adsorption of laurate, the physical dimensions and packing density of the adsorbed phase can be determined. The effects of polydispersity for unpeptized and peptized graphite sols, and the effects of extreme particle anisotropy using sols of montmorillonite clay minerals have been studied.
Role of Spinal Cyclooxygenase in Human Postoperative and Chronic Pain (2010)

Intrathecal ketorolac did not relieve chronic pain or extend anesthesia or analgesia from intrathecal bupivacaine administered at the beginning of surgery. Under the conditions of these studies, it seems that spinal cylcooxygenase activity does not contribute to chronic or postoperative pain.
BRAIN PROTEINS: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHANGES, SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RABBIT (1972)

Abstract The composition and metabolism of the proteins of the cerebral pallium of the rabbit during the final one‐third of the gestational period were measured. During this period, the brain increased in size almost 10‐fold and the migration of neuroblasts to form the cerebral cortex became complete. Concurrent with the marked structural changes, the solubility characteristics and electrophoretic distribution of various brain proteins showed little change. However, at the time of birth and in the adult, significant differences in gel electrophoresis patterns were apparent. The rate of synthesis of protein in brain slices from the fetus of 20 days gestation was 3‐fold higher per mg of tissue than in the neonate and about 30‐fold higher than in the adult. Activities of acidic and neutral proteases per unit weight were virtually the same and nearly constant throughout the late fetal period. However, during this stage, while rapid growth persists, the total protein synthetic activity of the pallium predominated over the total proteolytic activity, whereas sometime after birth the ratios of these activities reversed consequent to a shutdown of the synthetic process.
Infrared Lattice Bands of Quartz (1961)

The infrared lattice bands of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ quartz have been investigated at 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K from 5 to 37\ensuremath{\mu} in reflection and transmission with polarized light. Previously published measurements of the optical constants do not agree in this spectral range. It is shown that dispersion theory can fit the data within experimental error throughout the range, and accurate values of the dispersion parameters and the optical constants are obtained. This is the first accurate dispersion analysis of a complex spectrum. A study was made of the accuracy of the Kramers-Kronig method of analysis on this spectrum. The strength, width, and frequency of 14 optically active lattice vibrations are given, 4 of which have not previously been established. From a consideration of published Raman data, 10 of the resonances are assigned according to symmetry type as fundamental vibrations.
Loss of cell wall alpha(1‐3) glucan affects <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> from ultrastructure to virulence (2006)

Yeast cell walls are critical for maintaining cell integrity, particularly in the face of challenges such as growth in mammalian hosts. The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans additionally anchors its polysaccharide capsule to the cell surface via alpha(1-3) glucan in the wall. Cryptococcal cells disrupted in their alpha glucan synthase gene were sensitive to stresses, including temperature, and showed difficulty dividing. These cells lacked surface capsule, although they continued to shed capsule material into the environment. Electron microscopy showed that the alpha glucan that is usually localized to the outer portion of the cell wall was absent, the outer region of the wall was highly disorganized, and the inner region was hypertrophic. Analysis of cell wall composition demonstrated complete loss of alpha glucan accompanied by a compensatory increase in chitin/chitosan and a redistribution of beta glucan between cell wall fractions. The mutants were unable to grow ina mouse model of infection, but caused death in nematodes. These studies integrate morphological and biochemical investigations of the role of alpha glucan in the cryptococcal cell wall.