gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The potential of enzymatic peeling of vegetables (2003)

Abstract Epiderms of potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum cv Asterix), carrots ( Daucus carota L), Swedish turnips ( Brassica napus L) and onions ( Allium cepa L) were isolated and their structure was studied by bright‐field and epifluorescence microscopy as well as by chemical analyses. The suitability of commercial cellulase and pectinase preparations for the hydrolysis of isolated peels and whole vegetables was investigated. The enzymatic pretreatment significantly enhanced the degradation of peels of carrots and onions, whereas the hydrolysis of potato and Swedish turnip peels was very limited owing to the high cutin/suberin content on the vegetable surface. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of boehmite films with cage-like pores and their properties as enzyme immobilization supports (2012)

The texture of porous films prepared from boehmite nanofibres changed from the lengthwise orientation to the random orientation with the addition of ammonia, and with this change, the shape of the pores in the films turned from slit-like into mesh-like while increasing both the pore size and pore volume. The pore size and volume of the films also increased with an increase in the length of the fibres. When the porous films were used for the immobilization of four lipases with different sizes, the films with the mesh texture exhibited higher immobilization ability than the films with the slit texture. It was found that not only the pore size and volume but also the surface charge and hydroxyl groups are important for the immobilization of enzymes. Among the four lipases used, the lipase with the biggest size (ca. 9.5 nm) was most firmly immobilized on the film with the peak top of pore diameter at 10 nm in the distribution curve, and this immobilized lipase exhibited higher activity in the hydrolysis of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol trilactate than the corresponding native one and was recyclable.
Inhibition of RecA-mediated cleavage in covalent dimers of UmuD (1996)

Disulfide-cross-linked UmuD2 derivatives were cleaved poorly upon incubation with activated RecA. Reducing the disulfide bonds prior to incubating the derivatives with RecA dramatically increased their extent of cleavage. These observations suggest that the UmuD monomer is a better substrate for the RecA-mediated cleavage reaction than the dimer.
Modification of the Transfer Function of Proline Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase by Temperature (1968)

Abstract Although denaturation by heat is known to affect various catalytic activities of enzymes differentially, among the few known examples of cold inactivation of enzymes the loss in activity has apparently concerned a gross change in each case. We describe in this paper an inactivation of the proline transfer RNA synthetase of Escherichia coli that occurs only after purification and involves only the transfer of amino acid to tRNA; the ability of the enzyme to catalyze the exchange of pyrophosphate with ATP and the pyrophosphorolysis of prolyl adenylate is not impaired by storage of the enzyme in the cold.
Induced Variation in Tetraploid Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ Regenerated from Gamma-irradiated Callus (2013)

Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ is an adaptable and popular garden plant; however, reduction in height and increased novelty in flower color would be desirable. The effect of gamma radiation dose on in vitro survival and development, and ex vitro fertility, phenology, and morphology of tetraploid Rudbeckia subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers’ was investigated. In vitro embryogenic callus was treated with gamma radiation (0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 Gy). Rooted microshoots were established ex vitro and evaluated for morphology (plant height, number of flowers, diameter of the terminal flowers, diameter of the secondary flowers, number of stems, number of nodes, and internode length), date of first anthesis, winter survival, and pollen fertility on mature, second-year plants. Callus survival had no response to dose 2 months after treatment; however, microshoot number was significantly reduced with increasing dose. In vitro microshoot survival continued to decline at higher doses up to 4 months after treatment. Plant height, average stem height, number of flowers, flower diameter, percent winter survival, and pollen viability were all reduced with increasing radiation dose. Date of first anthesis was also delayed with increased radiation dose. Several off phenotypes were recorded including increased apical splitting of the ray florets in several plants. Gamma radiation was somewhat effective for reducing the height of R. subtomentosa ‘Henry Eilers,’ but flower morphology, flower number, and plant overwintering survival were often negatively affected with increasing radiation dose. Treating callus with low levels of gamma radiation (5–10 Gy) resulted in relatively high in vitro and field survival while inducing a range of other mutations that could be selected.
Adherence of<i>Candida albicans</i>to host cells (1995)

Research devoted to uncovering the mechanisms of adherence of Candida albicans to human tissue is reviewed. The physical aspects of adherence of the fungus to host cells and the biochemical and molecular features, as far as they are known, are discussed. Relevant pre- and post-adherence events in the pathogenesis of disease caused by this fungus are also noted. Putative adhesins and surface receptors of C. albicans for host proteins are discussed in detail.
Light beams with fractional orbital angular momentum and their vortex structure (2008)

Light emerging from a spiral phase plate with a non-integer phase step has a complicated vortex structure and is unstable on propagation. We generate light carrying fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM) not with a phase step but by a synthesis of Laguerre-Gaussian modes. By limiting the number of different Gouy phases in the superposition we produce a light beam which is well characterised in terms of its propagation. We believe that their structural stability makes these beams ideal for quantum information processes utilising fractional OAM states.
The dangers of process seals (2004)

When designing a petrochemical facility, one must consider the possibility of primary seals failing. Where electrical devices are isolated from pressurized processes by primary (process) seals, failure of the primary seal can result in conduit or cable seals being subjected to the process pressure, with the result that explosive gas or vapor can be transmitted to safe areas. Conduit and cable seals are designed to prevent the passage of flames from one portion of an electrical installation to another. While they may restrict the flow of gas or vapor, they are not intended to prevent the passage of gas or vapor under continuous pressure, even at very low pressures. This paper is intended to make consultants and end users more aware of the potential results if designs do not consider the possibility of primary seal failures. This paper will discuss three examples where explosions occurred as the result of primary seal failures, review the NEC and CEC requirements and present solutions to prevent gases under high pressure from migrating through conduit systems or interstices of cable conductors.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable endo Selectivity on Hydroxylation of Bicyclic Lactam Enolates with MoOPD and MoOPH. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The actin cytoskeleton of the mouse sperm flagellum is organized in a helical structure (2018)

Conception in mammals is determined by the fusion of a sperm cell with an oocyte during fertilization. Motility is one of the features of sperm that allows them to succeed in fertilization, and their flagellum is essential for this function. Longitudinally, the flagellum can be divided into the midpiece, the principal piece and the end piece. A precise cytoskeletal architecture of the sperm tail is key for the acquisition of fertilization competence. It has been proposed that the actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in the regulation of sperm motility; however, the actin organization in sperm remains elusive. In the present work, we show that there are different types of actin structures in the sperm tail by using three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). In the principal piece, actin is radially distributed between the axoneme and the plasma membrane. The actin-associated proteins spectrin and adducin are also found in these structures. Strikingly, polymerized actin in the midpiece forms a double-helix that accompanies mitochondria. Our findings illustrate a novel specialized structure of actin filaments in a mammalian cell.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent transport with uniform wall injection and suction (1995)

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the fully developed turbulent channel flow and heat transfer with uniform wall injection and suction was carried out. The Reynolds number, which was based on the channel half-width and the friction velocity averaged on the two walls, was set to be 150, whereas the Prandtl number was 0.71. The walls were assumed to be kept at isothermal but different temperatures. With any buoyancy effect neglected, temperature was considered as a passive scalar. The computation was executed on sufficiently dense grid points by using a spectral method. The statistics obtained include the mean velocity and temperature, Reynolds stresses, and turbulent heat fluxes. Each term in the budget equations of the second-order velocity and temperature correlations and of their destruction rates was also calculated. It is found that the injection decreases the friction coefficient, but tends to stimulate the near-wall turbulence activity so that the Reynolds stresses and turbulent heat fluxes are increased, whereas the suction has an inverse influence.
Pityriasis Versicolor: Current Treatments (1997)

Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial chronic fungal disease characterized by lesions varying in color from red to hypopigmentation to hyperpigmentation. The areas usually involved are the upper trunk, neck, or upper arms, although lesions may be found elsewhere on the skin, with the exception of soles and palms. Lesions may be papular, nummular, or confluent and are slightly scaly. Besides the main complaint of cosmetic disfigurement, about one-third of patients also have slight to moderately severe itching. The lipophilic yeast Pityrosporum ovale is seen microscopically in scales from lesions (1).
Tunable filter comparator for spectral calibration of near-ambient temperature blackbodies (2007)

The calibration of infrared (IR) radiometers, thermal imagers and electro-optical systems relies on use of extended area blackbodies (BB) operating in the ambient environment. "Flat plate" designs, typically using a thermoelectric heat pump backed with an air- or liquid-cooled radiator, allow one to adequately meet the requirements of geometrical size and temperature span. The tradeoff comes in the form of limited temperature uniformity and lower emissivity that such an approach can provide given the limitations in achievable thermal conductivity of the plate and reflectance of the black paint, respectively. The availability of spectrally resolved radiance temperature data for infrared calibrators has become especially vital in the last few years with the widespread use of multi- and hyper-spectral electro-optical systems that enable better detection and identification of targets. In an effort to increase the measurement accuracy of IR spectral radiance of near-ambient BB calibrators, NIST has recently built a dedicated capability which is a part of its new AIRI (Advanced Infrared Radiometry and Imaging) facility. The Tunable Filter Comparator (TFC) is a key new element in this setup, allowing us to perform a precise comparison of the unit under test (UUT) with two reference blackbodies of known temperatures and emissivity. The report describes the major design features of the TFC comparator, the algorithm used for signal processing, and results of a performance evaluation of the TFC. The TFC development has enabled us to achieve BB radiance temperature comparisons with a standard deviation of 5 to 15 mK at temperatures of 15-150 C across the 3 to 5 µm and 8 to 12 µm atmospheric band ranges with a relative spectral resolution of 2 to 3%.
Diastereoselective Preparation of Silylated Pyrrolidones through Palladium‐Catalysed Cyclisations (2003)

Abstract A new palladium‐catalysed allylic alkylation affording silylated 3‐vinylpyrrolidones has been developed. The method relies upon the interaction between a stabilized acetamide enolate anion and a silicon‐containing, nitrogen‐tethered η 3 ‐allylpalladium moiety. Two variants have been studied, involving the location of the silicon atom on either olefinic carbon atom of the cyclisation precursor. In both cases 5‐ exo ring closure was the only cyclisation process observed. The stereoselectivity of these processes is discussed. These results contrast with related β‐oxo ester cyclisations, in which competitive 7‐ endo mode is observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Powerful semiconductor 80 kV nanosecond pulser (2002)

The 80 kV all solid-state nanosecond pulser with rise time 0.9 ns, repetition rates up to 1 kHz and pulse duration of 2 ns is developed. As the basic switches in the generator drift step recovery diodes (DSRD) and fast ionization dynistors (FID) are used. That allows creation of the outlet power block generating voltage pulse with amplitude 80 kV, with dimensions of 150/spl times/150/spl times/100 mm. The efficiency of the generator is about 35%. As a cooling subsystem an air-oil system pumping of oil through the power block is used. Special high-voltage connectors capable of transmitting voltage pulses with amplitude up to 100 kV and edges less than 0.5 ns, are developed. An attenuator was also developed that allowed output voltage of the generator to be measured.
Sir John Hewson (1906)

Journal Article Sir John Hewson Get access John Hewetson John Hewetson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-VI, Issue 143, 22 September 1906, Pages 222–223, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-VI.143.222 Published: 22 September 1906
Making carbon nanotubes biocompatible and biodegradable (2011)

Carbon nanotubes are promising nanomaterials with great potential in the field of nanomedicine for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Different approaches have been developed to render this material biocompatible and to modulate any ensuing toxic effects. In the context of medical use, although chemically functionalised carbon nanotubes display reduced toxicity, they are still considered with scepticism due to their perceived non-biodegradability. Recently, it has been demonstrated that functionalised carbon nanotubes can be degraded by oxidative enzymes. This finding is offering a new perspective for the development of carbon nanotubes in medicine. This article highlights recent advances that can act as paradigm-shifts towards the design of biocompatible and biodegradable functionalised carbon nanotubes and allow their translation into the clinic.
Specific chromosomal abnormalities characterize fibrosarcomas of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transgenic mice. (1989)

In the BPV1.69 line of transgenic mice, the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome elicits both benign dermal fibroblastic proliferation (fibromatoses) and malignant fibrosarcomas. Because these lesions arise only with time, nonviral factors appear to be involved. We have karyotyped several primary tumors as well as a series of low-passage cell lines derived both from fibromatoses and from fibrosarcomas. The fibrosarcomas, but not the preneoplastic fibromatoses, show consistent abnormalities of one or both of two chromosomes, chromosome 8 (trisomy or duplication) and chromosome 14 (monosomy or translocation). The chromosomal abnormalities are not a direct consequence of the viral integration, which we have mapped to chromosome 15 by in situ hybridization. These results suggest that transgenic mice can be used to study the role(s) of cytogenetic changes in tumorigenesis and may direct the search for genes involved in tumor progression.
Radiographic Appearances of Bone Lesions in Rats Exposed to Local External Irradiation from Gamma Rays (1960)

The development of bone lesions was followed radiographically after a single dose of 3000 r gamma rays from an Ir/sup 192 source applied to both knees of 136 rats. Stunted/ growth of bone was the earliest detectable change. At 6 months, zones of osteolysis and osteosclerosis were frequent. Transverse bars of bone, pathologic fractures, and destruction of bone were also seen; some lesions persisted, others healed. Epiphyseal cartilages were thickened in 100% and doubled in 25% of irradiated rats. Osteosarcomata developed in 34 out of 116 rats surviving more than 250 days. (auth)
Mitochondrial dysfunction RAD51, and Ku80 proteolysis promote apoptotic effects of Dinaciclib in Bcl‐xL silenced cells (2017)

In the present study, we investigated the effect of CDK inhibitors (ribociclib, palbociclib, seliciclib, AZD5438, and dinaciclib) on malignant human glioma cells for cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function using various assays. None of the CDK inhibitors induced cell death at a clinically relevant concentration. However, low nanomolar concentrations of dinaciclib showed higher cytotoxic activity against Bcl-xL silenced cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was not seen with other CDK inhibitors. The apoptosis-inducing capability of dinaciclib in Bcl-xL silenced cells was evidenced by cell shrinkage, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and increased phosphatidylserine externalization. Dinaciclib was found to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in the release of cytochrome c, AIF, and smac/DIABLO into the cytoplasm. This was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin-D1, D3, and total Rb. Dinaciclib caused cell cycle arrest in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and with accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase. Our results also revealed that dinaciclib, but not ribociclib or palbociclib or seliciclib or AZD5438 induced intrinsic apoptosis via upregulation of the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak), resulting in the activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP. We also found an additional mechanism for the dinaciclib-induced augmentation of apoptosis due to abrogation RAD51-cyclin D1 interaction, specifically proteolysis of the DNA repair proteins RAD51 and Ku80. Our results suggest that successfully interfering with Bcl-xL function may restore sensitivity to dinaciclib and could hold the promise for an effective combination therapeutic strategy.
Water pollution control in stream network by finite element and linear programming method (1999)

A stream water pollution control model based on the concept of the finite element and linear programming method (FE and LP method) is presented. The model considers a network of interconnected streams and two water quality constituents, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The finite element method is used to cast BOD and DO transport equations into a system of linear algebraic equations which are directly employed as equality constraints of a linear programming problem. To evaluate some of the coefficients of those constraints, dynamic and continuity equations for steady-state gradually varied flow are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Operating the model, an optimal allocation of BOD loads from outfalls in the stream network can be obtained. An application is made to a hypothetical network to demonstrate that the model could be a useful tool for stream water pollution control.
PRB3 null mutations result in absence of the proline-rich glycoprotein Gl and abolish Fusobacterium nucleatum interactions with saliva in vitro (1993)

The glycosylated proline-rich glycoprotein (Gl or PRG), a product of the PRB3 gene, is a major constituent of human parotid saliva. Important functions proposed for Gl include acting as a bacterial receptor. The Gl proteins of several subjects were typed by two polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) systems: acid-lactate PAGE followed by staining with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE followed by electrophoretic transfer and staining with amido black or concanavalin A. The results showed one subject who apparently lacked Gl. The four exons, including splice junctions, for both PRB3 alleles of this subject were completely sequenced. Unexpressed (null) mutations were detected with an identical C nucleotide insertion in the same coding region of exon 3 of both alleles. This C nucleotide insertion leads to a frameshift with a premature termination codon that probably results in markedly reduced or absent PRB3 gene expression. We then used a nitrocellulose blot overlay assay to assay the bacterial receptor activity of parotid saliva from the PRB3null subject. No interactions with Fusobacterium nucleatum, shown previously to interact selectively with Gl, were detected. Together, these results suggest that this subject does not express the PRB3 gene and that one of the consequences is an altered ability to interact with a bacterium known to colonize the oral cavity.
[Drug treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy]. (1989)

The steps in the formal pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (inflammation, proliferation, the synthesis of extracellular matrix, and contraction) provide the target points for medical treatment. A survey of the relevant drugs is given. Anti-inflammatory agents (steroids, heparin) and antiproliferative agents (colchicine, daunomycin, and fluoropyrimidines) are discussed, as are anticollagen agents (penicillamin and cis-hydroxyprolin). Clinical studies were performed with colchicine, daunomycin, fluorouracil, and steroids. Our experimental and clinical data indicate that the therapeutical results might be improved by the combination of two drugs. A two-factorial, controlled clinical study is proposed, using an antiproliferative and an anti-inflammatory drug.
Solid-state 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance studies of alanine metabolism in Aerococcus viridans (Gaffkya homari). (1985)

Transport and metabolism of D- and L-alanine by Aerococcus viridans (Gaffkya homari) have been studied using cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy of lyophilized whole cells, isolated cell walls, and crude extracts. For equimolar concentrations in the growth medium, about 10 times more D-alanine than L-alanine is transported into the cells. Examination of cells labeled with D-[13C]alanine and L-[epsilon-15N]lysine by double cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 15N NMR indicates that only about 20% of the D-alanine present in cell-wall peptidoglycan comes directly from the growth medium. The rest is produced by de novo synthesis. Most of the labeled D-alanine is found within peptidoglycan precursors or inverted to L-alanyl residues of soluble proteins.