gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Penetration of surface-inoculated bacteria as a result of electrically generated hydrodynamic shock wave treatment of boneless skinless chicken breasts (2003)

The top surface of boneless skinless chicken breasts was inoculated with either green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli-GFP) or rifampicin-resistant E. coli (E. coli-Rif) and subjected to electrically generated hydrodynamic shock wave treatment (HVADH). Cryostat sampling in concert with laser scanning confocal microscopy or plating onto antibiotic selective agar was used to determine if HVADH treatment resulted in the movement of the inoculated bacteria from the outer inoculated surface to the interior of intact boneless skinless chicken breasts. In HVADH-treated boneless skinless chicken breasts, marker bacteria were detected within the first 200 microm below the inoculated surface, 50 to 100 microm beyond the depth of untreated surface inoculated boneless skinless chicken breasts. The exact depth at which the marker bacteria were found was dependent on the cryostat sampling distance used. These results suggest that HVADH treatments affect the movement of surface bacteria.
Feasibility of decreasing pipe sticking probability using nanoparticles (2009)

This paper presents a new method to prevent stuck pipe or at least to decrease its probability while drilling of oil and gas wells. This method which is applicable in both vertical and deviated wells incorporates using nanoparticles in drilling mud composition to decrease mud cake thickness. So by having less mud cake thickness, probability of stuck pipe decreases. Also different mechanisms of stuck pipe in Ahwaz and Abb-Taymoor oil fields (SW Iran) are considered and a new approach is suggested to use, while drilling of most sensitive formations in respect to stuck pipe in these oil fields.
Studies on the mechanism of the osmoresistance of spores of Bacillus subtilis (2003)

Spore osmoresistance appears as a result of three major factors: (1) specific characteristics of spores and cells of individual species; (2) the precise sporulation conditions that produce the spores; and (3) sufficient energy generation by the germinating and outgrowing spore to allow the spore to adapt to conditions of high osmotic strength; the substrates for this energy generation can come from either the endogenous generation of amino acids by SASP degradation or from the spore's environment, in the form of a readily taken up and metabolized energy source such as glucose. SIGNFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: These results provide information on the mechanisms of spore osmoresistance, a spore property that can be of major applied significance given the use of high osmotic strength with or without high salt as a means of food preservation.
The role of the surface in the dispersion of powders in liquids (1981)

The overall process of dispersing a powder into a liquid in- volves a number of stages -incorporation, wetting, disagglomeration, flocculation -which in practice overlap. Implicit to an understanding of these stages is a study of the solid/liquid interface, and of the variety of interactions that take place at that interface. This paper reviews these interactions, their measurement, and their relevance to the dispersion process.
Modular specification of real-time systems (2002)

Duration Calculus, a real-time interval logic, has been embedded in the Z specification language to provide a notation for real-time systems that combines the modularisation and abstraction facilities of Z with a logic suitable for reasoning about real-time properties. In this article the notation is presented through a top-level specification of requirements for a simple air traffic monitoring system, and reasoning is illustrated by a refinement towards a design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of FPGA in field-oriented control of an induction machine (2010)

In this study, the feasibility of embedding the field oriented control (FOC) of an induction machine into field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is investigated. An indirect FOC of an induction machine is simulated in a Matlab Simulink environment using a Xilinx System Generator implemented in a Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S200 FPGA board. Design of the developed controller for the induction machine is simulated via a Simulink full digital platform. The resulting design has a flexible and modular structure where the designer can customize the hardware blocks by changing the number of inputs, outputs, and algorithm when it is compared to the designs implemented using classical microcontrollers and digital signal processors. With its flexibility, other control algorithms can easily be programmed and embedded into the FPGA. The controller developed can be imbedded and implemented on the Digilab S3 Spartan-3 XC3S200 FPGA development board produced by the Digilent Company. Performance of the developed system has been tested at different load torques and various induction machine speeds.
Production and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (1989)

We have produced a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) from patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni in order to analyse more carefully the human immune response to this helminth infection. This study describes the production, characterization and analysis of these MoAbs. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronically infected patients were (1) isolated and stimulated with parasite antigens in vitro, (2) positively selected for B-cells on anti-Ig columns, and (3) then transformed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Once EBV cell lines were established, they were selected for anti-S. mansoni antibodies using an ELISA, cloned, retested and then fused with the mouse-human heteromyeloma SHM-D33. In this study, we describe five MoAbs which have different antigenic specificities for life-cycle stages based on ELISA to soluble crude antigen preparations, membrane immunofluorescence on whole intact organisms, and immunofluorescent staining of cryostat frozen sections. The importance of these reagents with regard to the human immune response to S. mansoni is currently being evaluated.
THE SHRINKAGE OF EXPANSIVE CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBE AND ITS IMPROVEMENT METHOD (1999)

The shrinkage characteristics of expansive concrete filled steel tube (CFST) are analyzed, Cold shrinkage, creep and autogenous shrinkage are considered as the main reasons of causing CFST contraction. In accordance with the shrinkage characteristics of expansive CFST , a kind of energy-stored delayed expansive agent is exploited, which can not only compensate the shrinkage of the core concrete in every stages, but also make CFST expand according to the delayed expansion mechanism. As the result, the prestress loss will be reduced and expansive energy will be utilized effectively.
Enhanced VSB system (2003)

The authors' companies independently developed enhancements to the existing ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) VSB (vestigial sideband) digital television standard (A/53). Each company's private tests showed its system to be backward compatible with existing ATSC receivers and to offer improvements in flexibility and signal robustness to meet broadcasters' needs. When both systems were submitted to the ATSC committee on enhancements, the two companies found their proposals to be very complementary, resulting in the formation of a joint proposal for enhancement of the VSB digital TV broadcasting system. The combined proposal is described along with its technical benefits. Transmission and receiving hardware for the combined system exists and was tested by the VSB Enhancement Testing Consortium (VETC), an industry group led by MSTV and NAB.
Handbook of vapor pressures and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds (1971)

The data are presented in sections on boiling points at designated temperatures, vapor pressures at designated temperatures, thermodynamic properties, index of compounds by the order of their normal boiling points, vapor pressures of hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds, and compound name index. (JRD)
Literature Review of Spin On Glass (2016)

Spin on glass (SOG) is a promising material that combines the planarization properties of a low-viscosity liquid with a dielectric constant lower than that of silicon dioxide. However, as this paper will show, this material comes with significant processing and material properties challenges that must be understood and overcome. Significant research has been accomplished through a variety of processing techniques that will be reviewed here.
Crop positioning for robotic intra-row weeding based on machine vision (2015)

A machine-vision-based method of locating crops is described in this research. This method was used to provide real-time positional information of crop plants for a mechanical intra-row weeding robot. Within the normalized red, green, and blue chromatic coordinates (rgb), a modified excess green feature (g-r>T & g-b>T) was used to segment plant material from back ground in color images. The threshold T was automatically selected by the maximum variance (OTSU) algorithm to cope with variable natural light. Taking into account the geometry of the camera arrangement and the crop row spacing, the target regions covering the crop rows were defined based on a pinhole camera model. According to the statistical variation in the pixel histogram in each target region, locations of the crop plants were initially estimated. To obtain the accurate locations of crops, median filtering was conducted locally in the bounding boxes of the crops close to the bottom of the images. For the lateral guidance of the robot, a novel method of calculating lateral offset was proposed based on a simplified match between a template and the detected crops. Field experiments were conducted under three different illumination conditions. The results showed that the accurate identification rates on lettuce, cauliflower and maize were all above 95%. The positional error as within ±15 mm, and the average processing time for a 640×480 image was 31 ms. The method was adequate to meet the technical requirement of the weeding robot, and laid a foundation for robotic weeding in commercial production system.
Keywords: mechanical weeding, computer vision, real-time image processing, crop sensing, precision agriculture
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150806.1932

Citation: Li N, Zhang C L, Chen Z W, Ma Z H, Sun Z, Yuan T, et al. Crop positioning for robotic intra-row weeding based on machine vision. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(6): 20－29.
Arterial transfer functions and the reconstruction of central aortic waveforms: myths, controversies and misconceptions (2008)

Continuing reports in the literature regarding the potential of central pulse wave analysis in clinical practice and a recent consensus statement demonstrate the increasing interest in the clinical application of arterial transfer functions. A number of misconceptions, however, persist regarding their use. In spite of ongoing controversy, there are considerable published data that would permit users to assess the validity and accuracy of the technique. We provide a comprehensive review of available data, all of which appear to be clear and consistent. The technique does not permit accurate reconstruction of central waveforms from entirely non-invasively acquired data. We should move on from the misconception that what is being studied is central aortic data when transfer functions are applied non-invasively, and accept that it is radial waveform data that have been passed through a single mathematical transformation. We have a readily applicable, non-invasive and reproducible technique for acquiring radial waveform data, with or without the application of a generalized arterial transfer function. We must explore the potential of this technique in an analytical manner, and without untenable preconceptions, if we are to learn the secrets that it may yet reveal.
Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated C1-hydrocarbons mediated by corrinoids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive dehalogenation of chlorinated C1-hydrocarbons mediated by corrinoidsUte E. Krone, Rudolf K. Thauer, and Harry P. C. HogenkampCite this: Biochemistry 1989, 28, 11, 4908–4914Publication Date (Print):May 30, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 30 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00437a057https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00437a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polarization behaviour of multi-layer insulation systems in cable accessories when subjected to voltages at different frequencies (2014)

This paper describes the polarization mechanisms involved in the stress distribution in multi-layer insulation systems at different test frequencies using QuickfieldTM finite element analysis software for simulations of tan d values in different dielectric materials. Each layer has its own dielectric response and, when putting them together, the total response will not only reflect properties of each material, but also the way they are combined. This paper will describe the polarization mechanisms involved in the stress distribution in multi-layer insulation systems.
NEUROGENIC ATROPHY OF SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES AFTER A CERVICAL INJURY (1998)

This case report describes abnormalities in bilateral rectus capitis posterior minor muscles in one individual with persistent head and neck pain. These findings are muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration on magnetic resonance imaging, and electromyographic abnormalities compatible with denervated muscle. The objective of the study contained herein was to determine if fatty infiltration on magnetic resonance imaging of the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle is the result of disuse or denervation. Electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from normal and atrophied muscles. Electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities compatible with denervation atrophy were detected. Although we cannot rule out aging or other unknown causes, we suspect that denervation is caused by nerve damage from trauma to the C1 dorsal ramus as a consequence of entrapment within the rectus capitis posterior major muscle.
Using program slicing in software maintenance (1991)

Program slicing is applied to the software maintenance problem by extending the notion of a program slice (that originally required both a variable and line number) to a decomposition slice, one that captures all computation on a given variable, i.e., is independent of line numbers. Using the lattice of single variable decomposition slices ordered by set inclusion, it is shown how a slice-based decomposition for programs can be formed. One can then delineate the effects of a proposed change by isolating those effects in a single component of the decomposition. This gives maintainers a straightforward technique for determining those statements and variables which may be modified in a component and those which may not. Using the decomposition, a set of principles to prohibit changes which will interfere with unmodified components is provided. These semantically consistent changes can then be merged back into the original program in linear time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Drift correction for electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging (2018)

Vertical drift (Z-drift) is a major confound for neural recordings during behavior. The brain floats in liquid, and movements of tens of microns can easily occur, even in head-fixed animals. In the mouse, for instance, postural changes such as locomotion can cause vertical brain movements of up to 20 microns. This displacement creates an apparent change in the activity of neurons recorded with either electrode arrays or two-photon calcium imaging. Here, we present methods to estimate and correct the drift in both optical and electrical recordings. We demonstrate three methods to recover Z-drift in 2-photon calcium imaging. (1) Alignment to a densely-scanned reference volume (z-stack). (2) Estimation from a non-functional channel- such as tdTomato expressed in a neuronal subclass. (3) Estimation from changes in the shape of identified cells in functional recordings. We validate methods 2 and 3 by comparing to method 1, which provides ground truth. We then develop correction methods that remove the effects of Z-drift, and show that correlations of neuronal activity with running are significantly decreased. Finally, we develop a convenient online module for drift correction that eliminates Z-drift at sub-micron resolution. Z-drift also affects electrophysiological recordings. The amplitude and shape of extracellular action potentials changes when the electrode moves relative to the brain, and neurons may even disappear altogether from the set of recorded channels. Fortunately, new electrodes such as Neuropixels have dense arrays of channels, with inter-site spacings as low as 20um. We found that we could estimate the drift in extracellular recordings with linear electrodes by tracking neuronal waveform shifts, and corrected for it by spatially interpolating the raw data prior to spike sorting. In summary, the algorithms presented here provide effective methods to remove Z-drift, a major confound for neural recordings during behavioral experiments. We provide the code as part of the Suite2p and Kilosort pipelines.
Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics - Second Edition (1994)

Keywords: volume fini ; modelisation ; couche : limite ; ecoulement ; compressible ; turbomachines ; viscosite Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
A preliminary study on the Thevenin equivalent impedance for power systems monitoring (2011)

It is an important task to accurately estimate the Thevenin equivalent impedance seen from a load bus for power systems monitoring and control. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism and characteristics of the Thevenin equivalent impedance in a nonlinear circuit. A general model is introduced for investigating the Thevenin equivalent impedance in an analytical manner. Two typical approaches are presented to approximate the Thevenin equivalent impedance. A simple three bus system is employed to test the two approximate methods. In the simulations, three types of load models, i.e. constant impedance, constant current and constant power, are discussed, respectively, for the load inside the equivalent network. Some interesting phenomena have been observed, and these findings could be likely to bring a new idea to determine the Thevenin impedance for power systems, in an analytical manner.
The Role of the GX9GX3G Motif in the Gating of High Voltage-activated Ca2+ Channels (2006)

The putative hinge point revealed by the crystal structure of the MthK potassium channel is a glycine residue that is conserved in many ion channels. In high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca(V) channels, the mid-S6 glycine residue is only present in IS6 and IIS6, corresponding to G422 and G770 in Ca(V)1.2. Two additional glycine residues are found in the distal portion of IS6 (Gly(432) and Gly(436) in Ca(V)1.2) to form a triglycine motif unique to HVA Ca(V) channels. Lethal arrhythmias are associated with mutations of glycine residues in the human L-type Ca(2+) channel. Hence, we undertook a mutational analysis to investigate the role of S6 glycine residues in channel gating. In Ca(V)1.2, alpha-helix-breaking proline mutants (G422P and G432P) as well as the double G422A/G432A channel did not produce functional channels. The macroscopic inactivation kinetics were significantly decreased with Ca(V)1.2 wild type > G770A > G422A congruent with G436A >> G432A (from the fastest to the slowest). Mutations at position Gly(432) produced mostly nonfunctional mutants. Macroscopic inactivation kinetics were markedly reduced by mutations of Gly(436) to Ala, Pro, Tyr, Glu, Arg, His, Lys, or Asp residues with stronger effects obtained with charged and polar residues. Mutations within the distal GX(3)G residues blunted Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation kinetics and prevented the increased voltage-dependent inactivation kinetics brought by positively charged residues in the I-II linker. In Ca(V)2.3, mutation of the distal glycine Gly(352) impacted significantly on the inactivation gating. Altogether, these data highlight the role of the GX(3)G motif in the voltage-dependent activation and inactivation gating of HVA Ca(V) channels with the distal glycine residue being mostly involved in the inactivation gating.
Feasibility Studies on Liquid Ion Exchange for Alum Recovery From Water Treatment Plant Sludges (1980)

In the final article of a three‐part series on the use of liquid ion exchange procedures for aluminum recovery from water treatment plant sludges, a specific procedure for the purification of aluminum prior to recycling is presented. Batch tests were conducted to develop appropriate extraction and stripping equilibrium curves. The study determined that more than 95 percent recovery of soluble aluminum is feasible.
An investigation of chemotaxis in the insect parasitic nematode<i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> (2003)

We tested the chemotactic responses of dauer juvenile stages (DJs) of the insect parasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora to a variety of compounds that are known to be highly attractive or highly repellent to Caenorhabditis elegans. While H. bacteriophora DJs respond to alcohols and some aromatic compounds as well as to host metabolites such as uric acid and CO2, the most notable difference in the responses of these two nematodes is that H. bacteriophora DJs are unresponsive to a large number of compounds which C. elegans finds highly attractive. The latter compounds are typical by-products of bacterial metabolism and include aldehydes, esters, ketones and short-chain alcohols. While C. elegans finds long-chain alcohols (e.g. 1-heptanol and 1-octanol) repellent and short-chain alcohols highly attractive, H. bacteriophora DJs are strongly attracted to 1-heptanol, 1-octanol and 1-nonanol and find short-chain alcohols to be only slightly attractive. Parasitic-stage H. bacteriophora nematodes show a very weak chemotactic response to volatile molecules that DJs find highly attractive. Our results suggest that, associated with the adoption of a parasitic mode of life by Heterorhabditis, there was an adaptive change in chemotactic behaviour of the infective stages, resulting in a decreased sensitivity to volatile by-products of bacterial metabolism and an increased sensitivity towards long-chain alcohols and other insect-specific volatiles and possibly also to herbivore-induced plant volatiles.