gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the intermediates produced upon one-electron oxidation of 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-hydroxyindoles by the azide radical (1992)

One-electron oxidation of a series of monohydroxylated indoles (HI) by the azide radical in the pH range 5–9 has been studied using the technique of pulse radiolysis with spectrophotometric detection. One-electron oxidation of 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-hydroxyindoles results in the formation of the corresponding indoloxyl radicals, the optical absorption spectra of which are independent of pH (5–9). It is confirmed, using the N(1)-methyl substituted analogue of 6-HI, that deprotonation of the resulting radical cation of the hydroxyindoles occurs preferentially from the hydroxy group to yield the corresponding indoloxyl radical. Such deprotonation would be consistent with the resulting indoloxyl radical having a low pKa.With the exception of 4-HI, the indoloxyl radicals decay bimolecularly in the dose/pulse range of 1–30 Gy to yield semi-permenent products (2k= 2–4 × 109 dm3 mol–1 s–1). With 4-HI, the decay of the indoloxyl radical changes from second-order to first-order kinetics on lowering the dose/pulse. At 1 Gy/pulse, the first-order kinetics are dependent upon the concentration of 4-HI. The second-order rate constant for reaction of the indoloxyl radical with 4-HI was determined to be 4.8 × 107 dm3 mol–1 s–1. The decay of these semi-permanent products from the indoloxyl radicals is first order and depends upon the concentration of azide. The second-order rate constants determined for this reaction depend markedly on the hydroxyindole used (k= 159–821 dm3 mol–1 s–1). The semi-permanent product arising from the bimolecular decay of the indoloxyl radicals is discussed in terms of the formation of reactive quinone-methides and/or -imines.
A high resolution time frequency representation with significantly reduced cross-terms (2002)

A novel algorithm is proposed for efficiently smoothing the slices of the Wigner distribution by exploiting the developed relation between the Radon transform of the ambiguity function and the fractional Fourier transformation (Odzemir and Ankan, 1999). The main advantage of the new algorithm is its ability to suppress cross-term interference on chirp-like auto-components without any detrimental effect to the auto-components. For a signal with N samples, the computational complexity of the algorithm is O(N log N) flops for each smoothed slice of the Wigner distribution.
A dual-band CMOS VCO for automotive radar using a new negative resistance circuitry (2010)

A novel structure of negative resistance circuit is presented. Using this structure, we develop a dual-band differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for automotive radar. The proposed negative resistance circuit allows the use of the bias tail resistor that increases the oscillation voltage headroom, and improves the phase noise performance of the VCO. Moreover, this structure shows low parasitic capacitance resulting in a wide frequency tuning range. The proposed VCO is implemented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. Post-layout simulation results show tuning ranges of 22-27 GHz and 74-81 GHz for the 24 and 77 GHz bands, respectively. The phase noises at the offset of 1 MHz are less than -127 and -114dBc/Hz for 24 and 77 GHz bands, respectively.
Un modèle d’estimation de l’état d’avancement de la période d’infection primaire par le Venturia inaequalis en verger de pommiers (2005)

La tavelure du pommier ( Venturia inaequalis ) demeure la principale maladie à laquelle ont à faire face les pomiculteurs. La connaissance de l'état de l'inoculum primaire est essentielle pour mener une lutte efficace et économique contre cette maladie. Les relations entre le probit de la proportion d'asques vidés et les variables degrés-jours (base 0°C ) et précipitations rapportées pour Frelighsburg, Québec, de 1981 à 1983 ont été comparées aux émissions d'ascospores enregistrées dans six autres localités réparties sur un axe NE-SO de 320 km pour les années 1982, 1985 et 1987. La variabilité des coefficients de régression a indiqué que ces variables ne sont pas des prédicteurs satisfaisants de l'éjection des ascospores pour cette période de temps. De nouvelles variables fonctionnelles basées sur la température, la précipitation, la luminosité et le temps ont été utilisées pour la construction d'un modèle de prédiction; celui-ci utilise la transformation angulaire de la proportion d'asques vidés et fait appel à la technique des moindres carrés pondérés en régression multiple ainsi qu'à une correction de toutes les variables dépendantes et indépendantes par le coefficient d'autocorrélation. L'équation obtenue a été validée sur l'aire géographique et les années incluses dans l'étude. L'intérêt principal de cette équation réside dans la possibilité de prédire la progression de la proportion d'ascospores éjectées ainsi que la fin de la période des infections primaires.
Nonlinear Transient Localization and Low Dimensional Models of a Flexible System With a Clearance (1999)

Abstract Transient nonlinear localization in a system of two rods coupled with a nonlinear backlash spring is studied in this work. The method of Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) decomposition is then used to reduce the order of the dynamics, and to study nonlinear effects by considering energy transfers between leading K-L modes. In addition, the computed K-L modes are used to discretize the governing partial differential equations, thus creating accurate and computationally efficient low-dimensional nonlinear models of the system. Reconstructions of transient nonlinear responses using these low dimensional models reveals the accuracy of the order reduction.
Growth Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT116 by Bis[2-(acylamino)phenyl] Disulfide and Its Action Mechanism (2008)

Our laboratory has been investigating the use of compounds which disrupt beta-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) binding to treat human colon cancer. There are several cysteine residues on the surface of beta-catenin where it binds to TCF. Some bis[2-(acylamino)phenyl] disulfides might have the ability to form a disulfide bond with the cysteine residues of beta-catenin, leading to inhibition of the growth of human colon cells. Bis[2-(acylamino)phenyl] disulfides were screened to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Among them, bis[2-(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)phenyl] disulfide (1) had promising inhibitory effects (HCT116, IC50: 9.7 microM; DLD-1, IC50: 6.9 microM) on cell proliferation, and did not show any cytotoxicity among normal human fibroblast CCD-1059SK cells even at 200 microM. This derivative reduced the beta-catenin/TCF4 association in the HCT116 cells to ca. 50% at 150 microM. Furthermore, it activated markedly the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) connected to stress-activated apoptosis at a lower concentration (30 microM). In view of cell cycle analyses, Hoechst staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin Nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays along with the above results, it is likely that 1 inhibited the growth of HCT116 cells through pathways including the JNK-mediated apoptosis.
1.2 V 0.18 µm CMOS imager with column-level oversampling (2001)

A CMOS imager designed and fabricated in a 0.18 µm digital CMOS technology operating from a 1.2 V power supply is reported. The imager uses second-order oversampled delta-sigma modulator analog to digital conversion at the column level to achieve high dynamic range for this low supply voltage. In experimental tests the imager was shown capable of measuring input light levels ranging over 5 orders of magnitude.
Structural modifications induced by specific HIV-1 protease-compensatory mutations have an impact on the virological response to a first-line lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen (2013)

Our study shows an increased prevalence of specific protease-compensatory mutations in an HIV-1 B-infected population and confirms that their copresence can affect the virological outcome in patients starting a lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen.
Log normal distribution of cellular uptake of radioactivity. (2007)

TO THE EDITOR:  In a recent study by Neti and Howell ( [1][1] ), the distribution of cellular uptake of radioactivity (210Po-citrate) within a cell population was studied. They found that the distribution was log normal. Furthermore, they calculated how this distribution affects the
Co-expression of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and related peptides in human gastric carcinoma (1996)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of polypeptide growth factors, which includes EGF, transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha), amphiregulin (AR) and betacellulin (BTC). To assess the potential role of HB-EGF in human gastric carcinomas, the expression of HB-EGF and EGF receptor (EGF-R) was examined in normal and cancerous gastric tissues and cultured gastric cancer cell lines. By Northern blot analysis, there was a 4.7-fold increase in HB-EGF mRNA levels in human gastric cancers compared with normal gastric tissues. There was a concomitant 3.9-fold increase in EGF-R mRNA levels in these cancers. Immunostaining revealed co-localization in 72% of the cancer cells of HB-EGF and EGF-R. AR and BTC moieties were not evident by Northern blot analysis. However, using PCR, both AR and BTC mRNA species were demonstrated in normal and cancerous gastric tissues. By Northern blot analysis, HB-EGF, TGF-alpha, AR, BTC and EGF-R mRNA moieties were co-expressed in KATO III and NCI-N87 gastric cancer cell lines. Furthermore, HB-EGF, EGF and TGF-alpha enhanced the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that HB-EGF is relatively abundant in human gastric cancers and that co-expression of the EGF ligand family may lead to excessive activation of EGF-R in this disorder.
<title>Computer-Generated Polarization Holography</title> (1983)

The concept of a computer-generated polarization hologram (CPH) is based on the anisotropic interaction of light with photodichroic crystals. The most unique feature of this technique lies in the realization of phase information recording without the application of the detour phase or the optical path difference effect as used in the conventional technique. Basic principle of information writing and reading scheme using M-centers in alkali halide crystals such as sodium flouride ( NaF ) are descrived, and several technical merits and problems associated with this method are presented. This technique provides a real-time holographic system where accurate recordability and high storage capacity are attainable due to its possibility of recording a calcurated complex amplitude of wavefront only by means of controlling the polarization direction of illuminating beam. We also report on our trially developed automatic hologram making and reading system with the results of its operation experiment, and on discussions concerning the quality of the reconstructed image. We succeeded in completing a full automatic system which is able to make holograms automatically in a short time and in observing a reconstructed image of good quality in real-time.
3D ultrasonic medical imaging based on segmented annular arrays (2008)

Conventional 2D ultrasonic arrays are formed by square elements, which have a limit of λ/2 spacing. In this paper we present two apertures, which are based on segmented annular (SA) arrays that have the property of producing lower grating lobes and, consequently, that allow increasing the size of the elements. With the purpose of designing apertures of medium size (D=30λ) with a reduced number of active elements (<250), several thinned squared and segmented-annular arrays are here analyzed. A thinning technique valid for SA arrays that is a modified version of the vernier sparse method (single vernier) is presented. The paper shows that SA arrays may produce images with similar properties than squared arrays, but with a signal intensity around 20 dB above.
Grain Size Dependence of High Power Piezoelectric Characteristics in Nb Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate Oxide Ceramics (2001)

The grain size dependence of high power piezoelectric properties and their variation upon heat generation for Nb doped lead zirconate titanate oxide (PZT)-based ceramics were investigated under high AC electric fields. The temperature rise was found to decrease linearly upon reduction in grain size and was about 40% lower for fine grained ceramic (0.9 µm) compared to coarse grained one (3.0 µm) near the maximum vibration velocity level (0.30 m/s) whereas coercive field displayed a linear increase upon lowering the grain size. Furthermore, a rise in vibration velocity and mechanical quality factor ( Q m ) under low electric fields was found to correlate with decreasing grain size. Such a trend was explained in terms of the pinning effect of grain boundaries, which is observed to be critical for suppressing heat generation in high power ceramic applications.
Cryptanalysis of a random number generator based on a double-scroll chaotic oscillator (2016)

This study aims to present the algebraic cryptanalysis of a random number generator (RNG) which is implemented by a double-scroll chaotic oscillator. The proposed attack system targets the drawbacks of the RNG which is proved to converge to attack system through master-slave synchronization. Here, it is assumed that the architecture of the RNG and the scalar time series observations (acquired from the chaotic oscillator) are publicly known. Note that the numerical results and the applied simulation are presented in this paper for showing how the attack system is feasible and practical. According to the results, Diehard and Big Crush statistical test suites are not fulfilled. Moreover, the previous and subsequent bits can be predicted, hence the same output bit sequence can be reproduced by replicating the RNG.
Minimal Portal Vein Stenosis Triggers Contralateral Liver Hypertrophy Without Downstream Atrophy in a Porcine Model for Living Donor Preconditioning. (2014)

Background & Aims: The main hindrance in promoting living donor liver transplantation remains the morbimortality risk for the donor. Considering the opposed remodeling influence of portal and hepatic artery flows, our working hypothesis was to identify a lobar portal vein stenosis capable of inducing a contralateral liver mass compensatory enlargement, without the downstream ipsilateral atrophic response. Methods: Twenty-four pigs entered this study. Six of them were used to establish hemodynamic changes following a progressive left portal vein (LPV) stenosis, in blood flow, pressure and vessel diameter of the LPV, main portal vein and hepatic artery. Sixteen pigs were divided into 4 groups: sham operated animals, 20% LPV stenosis, 50% LPV stenosis and 100% LPV stenosis. Daily liver biopsies were collected until post-operative day 5 to investigate liver regeneration and atrophy (Ki67, STAT3, LC3 and activated caspase3) according to the degree of LPV stenosis. Finally, changes in liver volumetry after 20% LPVS were investigated. Results: A 20% LPV stenosis leaded to dilatation of the hepatic artery and a subsequent four-fold increase in hepatic arterial flow. Concomitantly, liver regeneration was triggered in the non-ligated lobe and the cell proliferation peak 5 days after surgery was comparable to that obtained after total LPV ligation. Moreover, 20% LPV stenosis preconditioning did not induce left liver atrophy contrary to 50 and 100% LPV stenosis. Conclusions: A 20% LPV stenosis seems to be the adequate preconditioning to get the remnant liver of living donor ready to take on graft harvesting without atrophy of the future graft.
In-situ Effects of Eutrophication and Overfishing on Physiology and Bacterial Diversity of the Red Sea Coral Acropora hemprichii (2013)

Coral reefs of the Central Red Sea display a high degree of endemism, and are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic effects due to intense local coastal development measures. Overfishing and eutrophication are among the most significant local pressures on these reefs, but there is no information available about their potential effects on the associated microbial community. Therefore, we compared holobiont physiology and 16S-based bacterial communities of tissue and mucus of the hard coral Acropora hemprichii after 1 and 16 weeks of in-situ inorganic nutrient enrichment (via fertilizer diffusion) and/or herbivore exclusion (via caging) in an offshore reef of the Central Red Sea. Simulated eutrophication and/or overfishing treatments did not affect coral physiology with respect to coral respiration rates, chlorophyll a content, zooxanthellae abundance, or δ (15)N isotopic signatures. The bacterial community of A. hemprichii was rich and uneven, and diversity increased over time in all treatments. While distinct bacterial species were identified as a consequence of eutrophication, overfishing, or both, two bacterial species that could be classified to the genus Endozoicomonas were consistently abundant and constituted two thirds of bacteria in the coral. Several nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria were found in the coral specimens that were exposed to experimentally increased nutrients. However, no particular bacterial species was consistently associated with the coral under a given treatment and the single effects of manipulated eutrophication and overfishing could not predict the combined effect. Our data underlines the importance of conducting field studies in a holobiont framework, taking both, physiological and molecular measures into account.
Optimal combination therapy for advanced colorectal cancer: An examination of synergy and antagonism with EGFR inhibition. (2012)

e14075 Background: While FOLFOX +/- Bevacizumab is the most widely used combination in colorectal cancer (CRC), the EGFr antagonists Cetuximab & Panitumumab have not further enhanced activity. On the contrary, the addition of EGFR inhibitors to Irinotecan-based regimens at 1st & 2nd line has improved response and both progression freel & overall survival (Van Cutsem. 2010; Peeters. 2010.) Methods: We applied the ex vivo analysis of programmed cell death (EVA-PCD) (Nagourney, Curr Treat Opt Onc 2006) to examine interactions between EGFr antagonists and Irinotecan or FOLFOX in 534 human tumor primary culture microspheroids isolated from CRC surgical specimens or cytologically (+) fluids. Gefitinib was used as a surrogate for Cetuxima/Panitumumab activity. Tissue samples exposed to Oxaliplatin, 5FU, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin & 5FU (FOLFOX) provided dose response curves with and without Gefitinib for formal synergy analysis by median effect (Chou & Talalay). Results: Shown in table below. Conclusions: Results indicate superiority for Irinotecan combination with the EGFr antagonist Gefitinib. The percentage of synergistic interactions for Irinotecan & Gefitinib (41%) is demonstrably higher than that associated with FOLFOX & Gefitinib (4%). This suggests distinct modes of interaction between these classes of agents favoring Irinotecan and could have an impact upon future clinical trial designs. Recognizing the importance of Kras mutation, additional studies are underway to examine the impact of Kras mutation upon synergy. However, as wild-type and mutant samples would be expected to be equally distributed, subset analyses may reveal quantitative (higher % synergy) rather than qualitative differences (relative activity of Irinotecan vs FOLFOX). Results of these analyses will be reported. Supported in part by the Vanguard Cancer Foundation. [Table: see text]
Affordance Gesture Input Motion Interpolation (2014)

An affordance gesture motion interpolation is proposed, using an intuitive wireless 6DOF gesture input device, which includes Magnetic, Angular Rate, and Gravity (MARG) sensors, and a user interactive 3D gesture control interface, for creating motion by pose interpolation, from Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) gesture recognizer algorithm. In this paper we demonstrate that user can create and control the motion of avatar in real-time using the proposed gesture interaction method. User can introduce new poses and gestures to this interface, to create and control the motion of avatar to meet specific constraints by interpolation of poses. Our gesture interaction system can generate rich set of avatar behavior motions from the pose and gesture data stored in our system.
Initial- and final-state alignment and orientation effects in Ca energy pooling (1999)

An experimental investigation is performed to determine the initial- and final-state alignment effects in the energy-pooling process $\mathrm{Ca}(4s4p{}^{3}{P}_{1})+\mathrm{Ca}(4s4p{}^{3}{P}_{1})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Ca}(4s4p{}^{1}{P}_{1})+\mathrm{Ca}{(4s}^{2}).$ This paper represents a type of four-vector correlation experiment, where two aligned atoms collide and the alignment of the final excited state is observed. The initial $\mathrm{Ca}(4s4p{}^{3}{P}_{1})$ state polarization is controlled with polarized lasers and magnetic fields, and the final-state alignment is partially resolved by observing the polarization of the fluorescence from the $\mathrm{Ca}(4s4p{}^{1}{P}_{1})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Ca}{(4s}^{2})$ emission. The mathematics are developed in this paper to provide a full quantitative description of the four-vector alignment cross sections observed here. Relative values that describe 18 of the 39 total independent parameters are obtained, thus defining the results of this collision process at an unprecedented level of detail. The final-state Ca polarization is found to be only weakly dependent on the initial-state alignment, with final-state fluorescence predominately polarized along the relative velocity vector of the collision.
Mouse liver NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase: Protein sequence analysis by tandem mass spectrometry, cDNA cloning, expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i>, and enzyme activity analysis (1994)

The amino acid sequence of mouse liver NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2) has been determined by tandem mass spectrometry and deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding for the enzyme. The electrospray mass spectral analyses revealed, as previously reported (Prochaska HJ, Talalay P, 1986, J Biol Chem 261:1372-1378), that the 2 forms--the hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms--of the mouse liver quinone reductase have the same molecular weight. No amino acid sequence differences were found by tandem mass spectral analyses of tryptic peptides of the 2 forms. Moreover, the amino-termini of the mouse enzymes are acetylated as determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Further, only 1 cDNA species encoding for the quinone reductase was found. These results suggest that the 2 forms of the mouse quinone reductase have the same primary sequences, and that any difference between the 2 forms may be attributed to a labile posttranslational modification. Analysis of the mouse quinone reductase cDNA revealed that the enzyme is 273 amino acids long and has a sequence homologous to those of rat and human quinone reductases. In this study, the mouse quinone reductase cDNA was also ligated into a prokaryotic expression plasmid pKK233.2, and the constructed plasmid was used to transform Escherichia coli strain JM109. The E. coli-expressed mouse quinone reductase was purified and characterized. Although mouse quinone reductase has an amino acid sequence similar to those of the rat and human enzymes, the mouse enzyme has a higher NAD(P)H-menadione reductase activity and is less sensitive to flavones and dicoumarol, 2 known inhibitors of the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)