gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOX1 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice is associated with elevated plasma lipids and enhanced atherosclerosis (2014)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 activity in the vascular wall is elevated in hypercholesterolemia, and contributes to oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Here we examined the role of another NOX isoform, NOX1, in atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE(-/-)) mice fed a Western diet for 14 weeks. Although NOX1 mRNA expression was unchanged in aortas from APOE(-/-) versus wild-type mice, expression of the NOX1-specific organizer, NOXO1, was diminished, consistent with an overall reduction in NOX1 activity in APOE(-/-) mice. To examine the impact of a further reduction in NOX1 activity, APOE(-/-) mice were crossed with NOX1(-/y) mice to generate NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) double-knockouts. NOX1 deficiency in APOE(-/-) mice was associated with 30-50% higher plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL and triglyceride levels (P < 0.01). Vascular ROS levels were also elevated by twofold in NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) versus APOE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), despite no changes in expression of other NOX subunits. Although en face analysis of the descending aorta revealed no differences in plaque area between NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) and APOE(-/-) mice, intimal thickening in the aortic sinus was increased by 40% (P < 0.05) in the double-knockouts. Moreover, NOX1 deficiency was associated with a less stable plaque phenotype; aortic sinus lesions contained 60% less collagen (P < 0.01), 40% less smooth muscle (P < 0.01), and 2.5-fold higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.001) than lesions in APOE(-/-) mice. Thus, these data, which suggest a protective role for NOX1 against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in APOE(-/-) mice, highlight the complex and contrasting roles of different NOX isoforms (e.g., NOX2 versus NOX1) in vascular pathology.
Human Ventricular/Slow Twitch Myosin Alkali Light Chain Gene Characterization, Sequence, and Chromosomal Location (1989)

The gene coding for the human ventricular/slow twitch myosin alkali light chain isoform was isolated and sequenced. It was found to contain a total of seven exons, the last of which is completely 3'-untranslated sequence. Comparison of this gene sequence with that of the various fast twitch skeletal isoform gene sequences revealed that the exon-intron arrangement is conserved within the myosin alkali light chain gene family. In fact the introns are in exactly the same positions within analogous codons. Comparison of the derived amino acid sequence from the human ventricular/slow twitch isoform gene with that of other isoform protein sequences indicated that the protein encoded by this gene is more homologous to the chicken cardiac isoform protein sequence than to any of the other protein sequences. These results indicate that the gene duplication which gave rise to the ventricular/slow twitch and fast twitch isoform genes must have occurred prior to the divergence of mammals and avians. We have also localized the human ventricular/slow twitch isoform gene to the short arm of human chromosome 3. Interestingly the corresponding mouse gene has been mapped to the distal region of mouse chromosome 9 which contains a conserved syntenic group of genes that map to the short arm of human chromosome 3.
The Mean or Maximum Stress Theory: Possible Solution of an Old Dilemma (1969)

Ever since the application of cables for high voltages there has been a distinct difference in European and American practice for designing the dielectric. In Europe the design is based on the assumption that the maximum field strength (i.e., the stress at the conductor) determines the breakdown of the cable; in American practice the mean field strength throughout the dielectric is taken as the determining factor. Recently a Japanese paper on the design of oil-filled cable showed that the European practice should be extended by introducing a correction factor to provide for a broad field of conductor sizes and insulation thicknesses.
Contexts for Conrad1 (1980)

Research Article| December 01 1980 Contexts for Conrad1 Bruce Johnson Bruce Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Modern Language Quarterly (1980) 41 (4): 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-41-4-373 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Bruce Johnson; Contexts for Conrad1. Modern Language Quarterly 1 December 1980; 41 (4): 373–378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-41-4-373 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsModern Language Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1980 by Duke University Press1980 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.
COPPER EXTRACTANT STRENGTH: THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS IN THE 3-POSITION ON HYDROXYOXIME PERFORMANCE (2008)

The synthesis and study of a systematic series of phenolic oximes have shown that substitution in the 3-position can greatly affect extractive efficacy. Solid state, solution and gas phase analytical techniques including X-ray crystallography, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and IR spectroscopy and collision induced dissociation mass spectrometry have been assessed for their applicability in interpreting the origins of differences in extractant strength. The dominant substituent effect on pH(0.5) is the change in ligand pK(a), with the more acidic ligands being stronger extractants. The influence of the 3-substituent on the stabilizing intracomplex H-bonding of their copper(II) complexes also affects extractant strength. The 3-NO2 substituted ligand shows the lowest pH(0.5) value due to a combination of its low pK(a) and a stabilising bifurcated H-bond assembly around the copper(II) centre. Appending an aminomethyl group to the 3-position gives a ligand capable of binding a metal and its attendant anion(s). These metal salt reagents show potential to open up new flowsheets for the processing of high tenor copper feeds.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization of a CPW-Fed On-Chip Slot Loop Antenna on Photonic Crystal Substrate Using Silicon Micromachining (2007)

Design, simulation, and optimization of a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed on-chip slot loop antenna on photonic crystal silicon substrate are presented. The antenna is designed for 24 GHz because of the existing unlicensed band in this frequency. Silicon is used as substrate to integrate the antenna with active devices toward realization of system on chip (SOC). Because of considerable losses of silicon in this band, we use silicon micromachining to remove some parts of the substrate and to reduce the losses and improve the radiation efficiency. By using the mentioned micromachining, a photonic crystal silicon substrate is realized. The photonic crystal substrate suppresses the surface waves and as a result the radiation efficiency improves. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to include all of the required characteristics
Compressibility Divergence and Mott Endpoints (2001)

In the context of the dynamical mean field theory of the Hubbard model, we study the compressibility near the density driven Mott transition at finite temperatures. We demonstrate this divergence using dynamical mean field theory and Quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the one band and the two band Hubbard model. We supplement this result with considerations based on the Landau theory framework and discuss the relevance of our results to the alpha-gamma endpoint in Cerium.
Modulation and Chirp Characterization of a 100-GHz EO Polymer Mach-Zehnder Modulator (2011)

We experimentally characterize a 100-GHz polymer Mach-Zehnder modulator including its frequency chirp response and broadband data modulation. BER performance is achieved at 80 Gbit/s for DPSK and >90 Gbit/s for OOK. Tunable chirp operation is demonstrated while eye diagrams at 100 Gbit/s and 110-GHz S21 measurements further demonstrate the > 100-GHz response.
Consumer-Based Approaches Used in the Development of an Adaptive Toileting System for Children with Positioning Problems (2002)

A research and development project was initiated to address concerns that existing commercial toileting systems are generally cumbersome to use, costly, and do not effectively support children in the best biomechanical and physiological position for independent toileting. Others have found that “homemade” adaptations are often necessary to improve the fit of these systems. To address these problems, a research and development project wasinitiated to develop a better toileting system. A multiphase research project involving a series of focus groups with parents, therapists, and other rehabilitation professionals (phase 1), classroom trials to evaluate a fitting prototype (phase 2), and home trials of a functional version (phase 3) was undertaken in the design of a better toileting system. Consumer feedback from these trials was used to develop a commercial version.1 This paper reviews each phase of the design process and discusses how consumer perspectives and clinical feedback were integrated into the design of the final product. In addition, features of the final product are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Terminal Alkynes Using a Multicatalytic System, Pd(II)/Chlorohydroquinone/NPMoV, under Carbon Monoxide and Dioxygen. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Host adaption to the bacteriophage carrier state of Campylobacter jejuni (2015)

The carrier state of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni represents an alternative life cycle whereby virulent bacteriophages can persist in association with host bacteria without commitment to lysogeny. Host bacteria exhibit significant phenotypic changes that improve their ability to survive extra-intestinal environments, but exhibit growth-phase-dependent impairment in motility. We demonstrate that early exponential phase cultures become synchronised with respect to the non-motile phenotype, which corresponds with a reduction in their ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. Comparative transcriptome analyses (RNA-seq) identify changes in gene expression that account for the observed phenotypes: downregulation of stress response genes hrcA, hspR and per and downregulation of the major flagellin flaA with the chemotactic response signalling genes cheV, cheA and cheW. These changes present mechanisms by which the host and bacteriophage can remain associated without lysis, and the cultures survive extra-intestinal transit. These data provide a basis for understanding a critical link in the ecology of the Campylobacter bacteriophage.
Inflammation, Genetic Polymorphisms in Proinflammatory Genes <i>TNF-A, RANTES</i>, and <i>CCR5</i>, and Risk of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2006)

Adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women in the U.S. Cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators have been implicated in inflammatory pancreatic diseases including pancreatitis and cancer. We analyzed cytokine gene polymorphisms as risk factors for pancreatic cancer using questionnaire data obtained by in-person interviews and germ line DNA collected in a population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer (532 cases and 1,701 controls) conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area. We used mass spectrometry and gel-based methods to genotype 308 cases and 964 population-based controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression analysis and included adjustment for age, sex, and smoking. We assessed potential interactions between these polymorphisms, proinflammatory conditions (e.g., pancreatitis, ulcer, and obesity), and smoking as risk factors for pancreatic cancer. There was no overall association between pancreatic cancer risk and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A -308G/A), regulated upon activation, normally T cell-expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES -403G/A), and CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5-Delta32) polymorphisms. There was a nearly 7-fold increased relative risk estimate for pancreatic cancer in individuals with a history of pancreatitis (adjusted OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 3.4-14.1). Among patients with pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis was significantly associated with TNF-A -308 GA + AA (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.4) and with RANTES -403 GA + AA (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.4). There was evidence for a possible interaction between current active smoking and CCR5-32del. Our results lend support for the hypothesis that proinflammatory gene polymorphisms, in combination with proinflammatory conditions, may influence the development of pancreatic cancer.
The perturbed gamma-gamma directional correlation of Cd(114) (1954)

The directional correlation of the 722 - 556 gamma-gamma cascade in Cd(114) was observed as a function of the physical and chemical state of the source. In the case of InCl(3) in a dilute aqueous solution of HCl it was deduced that the undisturbed correction was obtained, and the following values were found for the LaGendre expansion coefficients: A(2) = .090 +/- .011, A(4) = .022 +/_ .016. It was found that spin assignments of 2-2-0 for the first three levels of Cd(114) together with the assumption that the first transition is an Ml, E2 mixture with the following percentages: M1 - 95.8, E2 - 4.2 (both +/- .6) gave a good theoretical fit to the observed curve in general agreement with results of other workers. The lifetime of the first excited level in Cd(114) was measured and found to be less than or equal to 2.3 X 10(-10) seconds. To observe the disturbed correlation the state of the source was altered to include glycerin solutions of several viscosities, the dry salt of InCl(3), and frozen aqueous and glycerin solutions. Calculation of the magnitude of the correlation perturbing interaction was based on a theory due to Abragam and Pound. The liquid sources showed no spoilages within the range of viscosities to which the liquid theory applies; however, the dry salt showed an interaction of greater than or equal to 700 mcs on the assumption of an electric quadrupole interaction, and greater or equal to 163 mcs on the assumption of a magnetic interaction in classically describable fields. On the basis of field strength estimates in the former case, a lower limit to the quadrupole moment of the first excited state of Cd(114) is set at .21 X 10 (-24) cm(2).
Modified Diglycolamides for the An(III) + Ln(III) Co-separation: Evaluation by Solvent Extraction and Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2013)

The use of two recently developed diglycolamide-based extractants for the co-separation of trivalent actinides (An(III)) and lanthanides (Ln(III)) is described and compared to the well-known extractant TODGA (N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyl diglycolamide). The addition of one or two methyl groups to the central methylene carbon atoms of the TODGA molecule leads to a reduction of the extraction efficiency for An(III) and Ln(III). This is attributed to a lower complex formation constant, which was proven by Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS). Conditional stability constants were determined by solvent extraction and TRLFS. The reduction in extraction efficiency leads to overall reduced distribution ratios of all tested metal ions, including Sr(II). The reduced Sr(II) extraction is beneficial as a co-extraction in a solvent extraction process could be avoided, while an efficient extraction of the desired An(III) and Ln(III) is still achieved. Furthermore, this might be a benefit, as the stripping behavior might be improved, even at moderate nitric acid concentrations. The slightly higher affinity of the diglycolamides towards Eu(III) over Am(III) is represented by all ligands, although the selectivity is rather low. This results in promising extraction properties of the modified diglycolamides towards the development of continuous solvent extraction processes.
The effect of p-aminobenzoic acid and folic acid on the development of infective larvae of Brugia malayi in Aedes aegypti. (1984)

Adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, infected with the subperiodic Brugia malayi, were found to enhance the development of the filarial parasites to the infective stage when they were exposed to a cotton pad soaked in 10% sucrose solution containing p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% concentrations. Similarly, larval development increased when the mosquitoes were fed with folic acid at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% concentrations. This stimulation was more when PABA or folic acid was given prior to the infected blood meal through the developmental period of the larvae. The data thus suggest that PABA and folic acid are nutrients for the development of B. malayi-microfilariae to the infective stage in A. aegypti.
TFF2 deficiency exacerbates weight loss and alters immune cell and cytokine profiles in DSS colitis, and this cannot be rescued by wild-type bone marrow (2014)

The trefoil factor TFF2 is a member of a tripartite family of small proteins that is produced by the stomach and the colon. Recombinant TFF2, when applied intrarectally in a rodent model of hapten colitis, hastens mucosal healing and reduces inflammatory indexes. Additionally, TFF2 is expressed in immune organs, supporting a potential immunomodulatory and reparative role in the bowel. In this study we confirm that TFF2 is expressed in the colon and is specifically enriched in epithelial cells relative to colonic leukocytes. TFF2-deficient, but not TFF1-deficient, mice exhibit a more severe response to acute or chronic dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis that correlates with a 50% loss of expression of TFF3, the principal colonic trefoil. In addition, the response to acute colitis is associated with altered expression of IL-6 and IL-33, but not other inflammatory cytokines. While TFF2 can reduce macrophage responsiveness and block inflammatory cell recruitment to the colon, the major role in limiting the susceptibility to acute colitis appears to be maintenance of barrier function. Bone marrow transfer experiments demonstrate that leukocyte expression of TFF2 is not sufficient for prevention of colitis induction but, rather, that the gastrointestinal epithelium is the primary source of TFF2. Together, these findings illustrate that epithelial TFF2 is an important endogenous regulator of gut mucosal homeostasis that can modulate immune and epithelial compartments. Because of its extreme stability, even in the corrosive gut lumen, TFF2 is an attractive candidate as an oral therapeutic scaffold for future drug development in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Compounds of Indium. Part 46. Indium(I) Derivatives of 3,5‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐1,2‐o‐benzoquinone. (1989)

Abstract In metal (II) reacts with the o‐benzoquinone (I) to give a solution of the corresponding semiquinone‐In(I) complex (III) which can be stabilized in the solid state as the neutral phenanthroline complex (V) or as the salt (VI).
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Studies of the Binding of a Rationally Designed Analogue of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gramicidin S to Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes (2005)

The binding of the positively charged antimicrobial peptide cyclo[VKLdKVdYPLKVKLdYP] (GS14dK4) to various lipid bilayer model membranes was investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry. GS14dK4 is a diastereomeric lysine ring-size analogue of the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S which exhibits enhanced antimicrobial and markedly reduced hemolytic activities compared with GS itself. Large unilamellar vesicles composed of various zwitterionic (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine [POPC]) and anionic phospholipids {1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(glycerol)] [POPG] and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phosphoserine] [POPS]}, with or without cholesterol, were used as model membrane systems. Dynamic light scattering results indicate the absence of any peptide-induced major alteration in vesicle size or vesicle fusion under our experimental conditions. The binding of GS14dK4 is significantly influenced by the surface charge density of the phospholipid bilayer and by the presence of cholesterol. Specifically, a significant reduction in the degree of binding occurs when three-fourths of the anionic lipid molecules are replaced with zwitterionic POPC molecules. No measurable binding occurs to cholesterol-containing zwitterionic vesicles, and a dramatic drop in binding is observed in the cholesterol-containing anionic POPG and POPS membranes, indicating that the presence of cholesterol markedly reduces the affinity of this peptide for phospholipid bilayers. The binding isotherms can be described quantitatively by a one-site binding model. The measured endothermic binding enthalpy (DeltaH) varies dramatically (+6.3 to +26.5 kcal/mol) and appears to be inversely related to the order of the phospholipid bilayer system. However, the negative free energy (DeltaG) of binding remains relatively constant (-8.5 to -11.5 kcal/mol) for all lipid membranes examined. The relatively small variation of negative free energy of peptide binding together with a pronounced variation of positive enthalpy produces an equally strong variation of TDeltaS (+16.2 to +35.0 kcal/mol), indicating that GS14dK4 binding to phospholipids bilayers is primarily entropy driven.
Genome Science of Lipid Metabolism and Obesity (2009)

Abnormalities in lipid metabolism cause obesity leading to metabolic syndrome. Thus, improvement of the abnormalities is significant for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Nuclear receptors activated by specific ligands regulate lipid metabolism at the genomic level. The expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes is increased or decreased by the activity of various nuclear receptors. The regulation of enzyme expression is mediated by specific response elements to each nuclear receptor in promoters of target genes. Many food factors acting as agonists or antagonists control the activities of nuclear receptors. Here, we provide several examples of food factors acting as agonists or antagonists, which are useful for the management of obesity accompanied by lipid metabolism abnormalities.
High performance bandpass filters based on electric arc-induced π-shifted long-period fibre gratings (2003)

The inscription of π-shifted long-period fibre gratings with the electric-arc technique is presented. By exploiting the flexibility of this technique, the first bandpass filters having lateral rejected bands with isolation ≥20 dB have been realised. Also fabricated are high performance bandpass filters with larger bandwidths, this being achieved by introducing two π-phase-shifts into the grating.