gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-related changes in antral endocrine cells in mice. (1999)

Antral endocrine cells in four age groups of mice, namely prepubertal (1 month old), young (3 months old), ageing (12 months old) and senescent (24 months old), were detected by immunocytochemistry and quantified by computerized image analysis. A statistical difference was detected between the different age groups regarding the numbers of gastrin-, somatostatin-, and serotonin-immunoreactive cells. The number of gastrin-immunoreactive cells significantly increased between 1 and 12 months, whereas they became significantly fewer between 12 and 24 months. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cell number increased significantly in 1-, 12- and 24-month-old mice, compared with young mice (3 months old). The number of serotonin-immunoreactive cells also increased significantly in 1- and 12-month-old mice as compared with young mice. There was a statistical difference between different age-groups regarding the cell secretory index (CSI) of somatostatin- and gastrin-immunoreactive cells, the CSI of both somatostatin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells increased significantly in 1-, 12-, and 24-month-old mice, compared with young mice. There was no statistical difference between the different age-groups regarding the CSI of gastrin-immunoreactive cells, nor between males and females regarding the number and CSI of all the endocrine cell types investigated. It is suggested that the large number of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in ageing and senescent mice might have an impact on the gastric delay seen in the elderly. It was concluded also that the changes in the antral endocrine cells could be involved in the development of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract inherent in ageing, or could be secondary to structural and functional changes in the alimentary tract caused by ageing.
Involvement of Akt and mTOR in chemotherapeutic- and hormonal-based drug resistance and response to radiation in breast cancer cells (2011)

Elucidating the response of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic and hormonal based drugs and radiation is clearly important as these are common treatment approaches. Signaling cascades often involved in chemo-, hormonal- and radiation resistance are the Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and p53 pathways. In the following studies we have examined the effects of activation of the Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascade in the response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic- and hormonal-based drugs and radiation. Activation of Akt by introduction of conditionally-activated Akt-1 gene could result in resistance to chemotherapeutic and hormonal based drugs as well as radiation. We have determined that chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin or the hormone based drug tamoxifen, both used to treat breast cancer, resulted in the activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway which is often associated with a pro-proliferative, anti-apoptotic response. In drug sensitive MCF-7 cells which have wild-type p53; ERK, p53 and downstream p21 (Cip-1 ) were induced upon exposure to doxorubicin. In contrast, in the drug resistant cells which expressed activated Akt-1, much lower levels of p53 and p21 (Cip1) were induced upon exposure to doxorubicin. These results indicate the involvement of the Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and p53 pathways in the response to chemotherapeutic and hormonal based drugs. Understanding how breast cancers respond to chemo- and hormonal-based therapies and radiation may enhance the ability to treat breast cancer more effectively.
Polymerization of Olefins. VII.<sup>1</sup> The Isolation and Oxidation of 1,1-Dineopentylethylene (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of Olefins. VII.1 The Isolation and Oxidation of 1,1-DineopentylethyleneFrank C. Whitmore and J. D. SurmatisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2200–2201Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A study of radiation damage in SiN and SiC mask membranes (1991)

Radiation damage in SiN and SiC films prepared by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) is reported. A pattern placement error of 0.05 μm at the edge of the x-ray radiation area was introduced for SiN membranes by a radiation dose of 12 kJ/cm2. The electron spin resonance (ESR) signals with a g value of 2.004, which was attributed to the Si–N dangling bond, were observed. Both the error and the spin density increased with increasing radiation dose up to 12 kJ/cm2 and remained constant thereafter. The error was explained as the result of Si–N bond scission caused by x-ray radiation, leading to tensile stress relaxation in the radiated area. In the case of SiC films, a pattern placement error was less than a detection limit of 0.03 μm for a radiation dose of 10 kJ/cm2. ESR signals with a g value of 2.003, being attributed to the Si–C dangling bond, were observed. However, the spin density in this case did not change by radiation up to 20 kJ/cm2. It is inferred that the LPCVD SiC membrane is damage free to x-ray radiation.
Kinetics of antibodies against pneumococcal proteins and their relationship to nasopharyngeal carriage in the first two months of life (2017)

Naturally induced antibodies against the three pneumococcal protein antigens were transferred from mother to child. The proportion of infants with nasopharyngeal carriage and the bacterial density of S. pneumoniae increased with age within the first eight weeks of life. Higher concentrations of antibodies against CbpA, but not PspA and rPly, were associated with reduced risk of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in infants.
Correlation and Set Size Bounds of Complementary Sequences with Low Correlation Zone (2011)

The correlation lower bounds, as well as the set size upper bounds, of low-correlation-zone complementary sequences are presented in this paper. They can be treated as an extension of Tang-Fan-Matsufuji bounds in and , which considered only the conventional (non-complementary) low-correlation-zone sequence sets.
Gastric cancer does not affect the expression of atrophy-related genes in human skeletal muscle (2013)

In skeletal muscle, the gene expression of atrogin-1, MuRF1, myostatin, follistatin, activin A, and inhibin alpha is not affected by the presence of cancer. The expression of atrophy-related genes is unaffected by the disease stage and the degree of weight loss.
Practical measurement of bulk lifetime and surface recombination by using wavelength dependence (2003)

In a quasi-steady state photoconductance (QSSPC) lifetime measurement, the lifetime that is measured depends on the minority-carrier profile within the wafer during illumination. This has been applied by Bail et al. to uniquely determine the bulk lifetime and surface recombination velocity on a single wafer by using two different wavelengths of light. This paper presents recent data from the literature for passivated and unpassivated wafers in the industrially-relevant context of a 1 Ohm-cm, 300-/spl mu/m-thick wafer. Instances where the technique may have useful industrial applications in R&D or process control are identified. Cases are also shown where there is no spectral dependence in the measured lifetime, justifying a simple measurement and analysis for white light or a single wavelength. Optimized methodologies for measuring unpassivated multi-crystalline wafers and blocks are presented and tested with new experimental data.
Employment opportunities for non‐coding RNAs (2004)

Analysis of the genomes of several higher eukaryotic organisms, including mouse and human, has reached the striking conclusion that the mammalian transcriptome is constituted in large part of non-protein-coding transcripts. Conversely, the number of protein-coding genes was initially at least overestimated. A growing number of studies report the involvement of non-coding transcripts in a large variety of regulatory processes. This review examines the different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and discusses their putative mode of action with particular reference to large ncRNAs and their role in epigenetic regulation.
Measurement of Initial Soil‐Water Contact Angle of Water Repellent Soils (1999)

Abstract Water repellent soils are common throughout the world. Water repellency significantly affects infiltration, evaporation, and other water‐soil interactions. Various indices, such as the water‐solid contact angle (θ), water drop penetration time (WDPT), and 90° surface tension (γ ND ), have been proposed to characterize the degree of water repellency. The water repellency of many soils is not stable, but changes with time after contact with water. No method is available to measure the initial soil‐water contact angle. The purpose of this study was to establish a technique to measure the initial soil‐water contact angle. We combined previously published theoretical relationships to develop the equations cosθ = [(γ ND /γ w ) 1/2 − 1] and h p = 2[(γ w γ ND ) 1/2 − γ w ]/ r ρ g , where γ w is the water surface tension, h p is the breakthrough pressure head, r is the pore radius, ρ is the water density, and g is the gravitational constant. The validity of these relationships was established by treating two sand materials with octadecylamine or solvent extracts from peat moss to create various levels of water repellency. An instrument was developed to measure h p . A linear relationship was found between h p and γ 1/2 ND , as specified by the equation. The value of r was computed from the slope h p vs. γ 1/2 ND curve, and this r value was combined with h p in the capillary rise equation to compute cosθ. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted relationships between cosθ and γ 1/2 ND . The major conclusion is that the value of θ can be determined by measuring γ ND , which is easily done in the field or laboratory.
Reliability of Complementary MOS Integrated Circuits (1975)

This paper describes the results of tests of the stability and reliability of complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuits (IC). Operating life-tests at 125°C indicated excellent stability of electrical characteristics of both n-channel and p-channel transistors. Over three million device-hours of accelerated operating life-tests indicated a calculated failure rate, at a 60-percent s-confidence level, of 0.08%/1000 hours at 125°C, which corresponds to 0.01%/1000 hours at 55°C or 0.003%/1000 hours at 25°C. Field-usage reliability data on three satellites in orbit indicate a total failure rate of 0.003%/1000 hours (over thirty-four million operating hours with no failures). The observed failure rates are compared with other available data on IC reliability, and it is concluded that the reliability of CMOS ICs is equal to that of p-channel MOS circuits or of bipolar digital circuits of equal complexity, when each type is prepared by a well-controlled process, and operated at the same temperature. The operating temperature of CMOS IC chips in electronic systems is, however, generally lower since logic functions are accomplished at lower dissipation per gate.
Postprandial intestinal and whole body nitrogen kinetics and distribution in piglets fed a single meal (2004)

Our aim was to characterize the postprandial total and dietary N fluxes in the portal drained viscera (PDV) and whole body after administration of a single meal in young pigs. Seven 4-wk-old piglets, implanted with a portal flow probe and portal, arterial and venous catheters, received a primed constant [(18)O]urea intravenous infusion and were studied for 8 h after a bolus mixed meal ingestion (46 mmol N/kg body wt) intrinsically labeled with (15)N to trace dietary N fluxes. The real cecal digestibility of the formula was 94.3% (SD 1.8). PDV output of dietary N was found principally in the pool of circulating protein (51% of the measured dietary N PDV output), in the free alpha-amino N pool (44%), and to a lesser extent in ammonia (5%). Dietary N release in alpha-amino N and ammonia mainly occurred during the first 3 h. Total and exogenous postprandial urea productions were 5.8 and 2.0 mmol N/kg body wt, respectively. At the end of the postprandial period, losses of dietary N amounted to 10.3% of the dose: 5.7% through ileal losses and 4.6% by deamination and transfer to urea. Net postprandial retention of dietary N was 90.4% (SD 1.3), of which 20% was found in splanchnic zone (small intestine 10%, liver 5%, and plasma protein 3%) and 42% in peripheral zone (muscle 31%, skin 6%). In conclusion, our results show a high efficiency of dietary N utilization for muscular uptake and anabolic utilization. However, the results obtained point out the necessity to further explore the form of dietary N released into the portal blood.
Antiplasmodiale Thiostreptonderivate – Proteasominhibitoren mit einem dualen Wirkmechanismus (2010)

Zwei auf einen Streich: Semisynthetische Derivate des ribosomalen Inhibitors Thiostrepton zeigten bis zu 10-mal höhere antiplasmodiale Aktivität als der Naturstoff. Diese Aktivität konnte mit der selektiven funktionalen Inhibierung des 20S-Proteasoms korreliert werden (siehe Bild). Die Thiostreptonderivate eignen sich als neuartige Antimalariawirkstoffe mit dualem Wirkmechanismus und als Gerüste für die Entwicklung von Proteasominhibitoren.
Information base for waste repository design. Volume. 4 Mine structural features (1979)

This report discusses the mine structural features of an underground nuclear waste disposal facility which are important to repository operation, waste retrieval, and long-term waste containment. Emphasis is on repositories for high-level waste disposal in bedded salt, although much of the material is relevant to other geologic disposal mediums. The results of a numerical structural analysis of a depository in bedded salt are presented.
CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF LOWER LID ECTROPION FOLLOWING BLEPHAROPLASTY (1972)

Charlottesville, Va From the Department of Plastic Surgery of the University of Virginia Medical School
Stimulation of 32Pi transport into human erythrocyte ghosts and reconstituted vesicles by Mg2+ and hemoglobin. (1988)

Human erythrocyte ghosts catalyze a low rate of 32Pi uptake. A severalfold stimulation of 32Pi uptake was observed after exposure of the membranes to an erythrocyte lysate or to hemoglobin in the presence of Mg2+. Ghosts prepared from erythrocytes that had been exposed to 10 microM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid showed a marked reduction in 32Pi uptake. Reconstitution of membranes with added phospholipids by freezing and thawing, by octylglucoside dilution or by cholate dialysis, yielded vesicles that catalyzed 32Pi uptake. When membranes were incubated with hemoglobin and Mg2+ prior to reconstitution, the rate of uptake was increased severalfold. The inhibition of hemoglobin and Mg2+-dependent uptake of 32Pi by chloride suggests that the transport in the reconstituted vesicles is catalyzed by the classical inorganic anion transporter.
Adrenal and Renal Physiology, and Medical Renal Disease (2010)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Oct 2010Adrenal and Renal Physiology, and Medical Renal Disease W. Scott McDougalM.D. W. Scott McDougalW. Scott McDougal More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.06.076AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Adrenal and Renal Physiology, and Medical Renal Disease." The Journal of Urology, 184(4), pp. 1301–1302 © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 184Issue 4October 2010Page: 1301-1302 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information W. Scott McDougal More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Bait shyness of two gerbils, <i>Tatera indica indica</i> Hardwicke and <i>Meriones hurrianae</i> Jerdon (1971)

SUMMARY Two rodents, Tatera indica indica Hardwicke and Meriones hurrianae Jerdon, developed aversion to zinc phosphide after one day's exposure to a sublethal dose. The poison shyness persisted for at least 115 and 35 days, respectively.
Clear air turbulence detection and characterisation in the delicat airborne lidar project (2010)

We report on a development of a long-range airborne UV high spectral resolution lidar, intended for the detection and characterisation of clear air turbulence (CAT). The detection of turbulence is based on the measurement of density fluctuations associated with the movement of tur-bulent air masses. These density fluctuations are mea-sured by the variations in the molecular backscatter coef-ficient which is determined from the lidar signal by spec-trally separating it from the aerosol backscatter. After an introduction, we review the CAT detection prin-ciple and describe the lidar system design. We then present the expected performance of the system and give an overview on the planned measurement campaign. 1.
FEM simulation of laser forming process of shipbuilding steel plate (2004)

Laser forming has become a promising technique to form sheet metal in recent years. This new forming process can produce plastic deformation by thermal stresses resulted from the irradiation of laser beam scanning. In this paper, a 3-D thermo-mechanical FEM model was developed to simulate the laser forming process of shipbuilding steel plate. The finite-element software MSC.Marc was used to calculate the temperature field, stress field and strain field during laser forming process. The transient temperature field and the final bending angle were predicted. Then the effect of laser forming process technical parameters was studied. To evaluate the accuracy of the simulation, a laser forming experiment was performed. It is demonstrated that the finite element simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results.
Laser-selected electronic and nuclear states in surface physics research (1985)

Nagging questions about the fundamental interactions of atoms, ions, and electrons with surfaces persist despite the signal successes of recent years in unraveling complex structural molecular chemistry at surfaces. The solution of the prototypical surface physics problem—the behavior of a hydrogen atom in the vicinity of a surface—remains elusive. Detailed understanding of dynamical processes at surfaces will clearly require measurements in which all relevant quantum numbers, including electron and nuclear spin, are specified before and after the surface interaction.
Photoconductivity of Semiconducting CdS Nanowires (2005)

Chemical vapor deposition was used to synthesize CdS nanowires via the vaporliquid-solid growth mechanism. After Ti/Au contacts were patterned to the nanowires using electron beam lithography, photoresponse studies were conducted. A significant response was observed when the wires were exposed to visible light; this occurred as electrons in the nanowires were excited across the CdS (2.4 eV) band gap, thereby increasing the flow of current in the semiconductor. The nanowires also showed a considerable photoresponse under varying light intensities. However, response rates due to turning the light on and off varied throughout our experiments. We believe the increased conductivity that was also observed can be attributed to the increasing light intensity. Based on these observations, this paper discusses possible applications of photosensitive nanowires.
Synthesis of Glycidol‐ and Sugar‐Derived Bicyclic β‐ and γ/δ‐Amino Acids for Peptidomimetic Design (2005)

Abstract Constrained bicyclic β‐ and γ/δ‐amino acids using glycidol and sugar derivatives were developed. The synthetic strategies involved epoxide ring opening of a glycidol derivative, and subsequent coupling with sugar‐derived amines, leading to di‐ or trisubstitued bicyclic scaffolds after cyclisation with trifluoroacetic acid. Achievement of β‐ or γ/δ‐amino acids was accomplished by changing the protecting group strategy of the starting materials. Compatibility of the scaffold with solid‐phase peptide synthesis was assessed by preparing model peptidomimetics using acid‐ and base‐labile resins, thus giving a new tool for peptidomimetic design. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Addition of Chitosan to Silicate Cross-Linked PEO for Tuning Osteoblast Cell Adhesion and Mineralization (2010)

The addition of chitosan to silicate (Laponite) cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is used for tuning nanocomposite material properties and tailoring cellular adhesion and bioactivity. By combining the characteristics of chitosan (which promotes cell adhesion and growth, antimicrobial) with properties of PEO (prevents protein and cell adhesion) and those of Laponite (bioactive), the resulting material properties can be used to tune cellular adhesion and control biomineralization. Here, we present the hydration, dissolution, degradation, and mechanical properties of multiphase bio-nanocomposites and relate these to the cell growth of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast cells. We find that the structural integrity of these bio-nanocomposites is improved by the addition of chitosan, but the release of entrapped proteins is suppressed. Overall, this study shows how chitosan can be used to tune properties in Laponite cross-linked PEO for creating bioactive scaffolds to be considered for bone repair.