gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The detection of colony-stimulating factors and steel factor in adherent layers of human long-term marrow cultures using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. (1994)

In human long-term marrow cultures granulomonopoiesis is maintained for several weeks. Studies on granulomonocytic progenitors (CFU-GM) and their progeny have shown that survival, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of these cells are controlled by a set of glycoproteins, the colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and the Steel factor. We have studied the expression of these factors using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 17 adherent layers of normal bone marrow at 3, 5 or 7 weeks of culture. We have taken the 5637 bladder carcinoma cell line as a control for expression of GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF and Steel factor, and PHA-activated T lymphocytes as a control for expression of multi-CSF (interleukin 3, IL-3). We have found that GM-CSF was expressed in the 17 adherent layers without induction by interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). M-CSF was also detected in all cases, but in two early-stage (week 3 and week 5) cultures only after stimulation by IL-1 beta. G-CSF was detected in only 11 cases (three without IL-1 beta, and eight after addition of IL-1 beta). Steel factor was detected in 14 cases (ten without IL-1 beta, and four after addition of IL-1 beta). IL-3 was not detected even by means of nested RT-PCR. These data indicate in six late-stage (week 5 or week 7) cultures G-CSF messenger concentrations 10(3)-fold less than in 5637 control cells (for an identical amount of total cellular RNA). A similar conclusion may be drawn for Steel factor in three late-stage cultures. For IL-3 our negative results indicate a messenger concentration 10(5)-fold less than in activated T lymphocytes. These results suggest a crucial role for GM-CSF and M-CSF in the maintenance of granulomonopoiesis in human long-term cultures. The role of G-CSF and Steel factor may be more marginal. Eventually IL-2 may not be involved in the regulatory process.
Next-generation EGFR/HER tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harboring <em>EGFR</em> mutations: a review of the evidence (2016)

Abstract: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER) family have been introduced into the clinic to treat cancers, particularly non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There have been three generations of the EGFR/HER-TKIs. First-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs, binding competitively and reversibly to the ATP-binding site of the EGFR TK domain, show a significant breakthrough treatment in selected NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations (act EGFR m) EGFR L858R and EGFR Del19 , in terms of safety, efficacy, and quality of life. However, all those responders inevitably develop acquired resistance within 12 months, because of the EGFR T790M mutation, which prevents TKI binding to ATP-pocket of EGFR by steric hindrance. The second-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs were developed to prolong and maintain more potent response as well as overcome the resistance to the first-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs. They are different from the first-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs by covalently binding to the ATP-binding site, irreversibly blocking enzymatic activation, and targeting EGFR/HER family members, including EGFR, HER2, and HER4. Preclinically, these compounds inhibit the enzymatic activation for act EGFR m, EGFR T790M , and wt EGFR . The second-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs improve overall survival in cancer patients with act EGFR m in a modest way. However, they are not clinically active in overcoming EGFR T790M resistance, mainly because of dose-limiting toxicity due to simultaneous inhibition against wt EGFR . The third-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs selectively and irreversibly target EGFR T790M and act EGFR m while sparing wt EGFR . They yield promising efficacy in NSCLC patients with act EGFR m as well as EGFR T790M resistant to the first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs. They also appear to have a lower incidence of toxicity due to the reduced inhibitory effect on wt EGFR . Currently, the first-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs gefitinib and erlotinib and second-generation EGFR/HER-TKI afatinib have been approved for use as the first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC with act EGFR m. This review will summarize and evaluate a broad range of evidence of recent development of EGFR/HER-TKIs, with a focus on the second- and third-generation EGFR/HER-TKIs, in the treatment of patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. Keywords: EGFR/HER, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, NSCLC, EGFR mutations, acquired resistance
Cloning and characterization of the Salmonella typhimurium-specific chemoreceptor Tcp for taxis to citrate and from phenol. (1993)

Salmonella typhimurium shows an attractant response to citrate and a repellent response to phenol, and a chemoreceptor mediating these responses has been identified and named Tcp (taxis to citrate and away from phenol). Tcp is one of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins that have a molecular mass of approximately 60 kDa estimated by SDS/PAGE, and its methylation level is increased by citrate and decreased by phenol. Tcp also mediates an attractant response to metal-citrate complexes. The complete nucleotide sequence of the tcp coding region has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of Tcp, consisting of 547-amino acid residues, is homologous with that of the aspartate chemoreceptor of S. typhimurium. Thus, Tcp is another member of the bacterial transmembrane chemoreceptor family. Because citrate is a good carbon source for S. typhimurium but is not a carbon source for the closely related species Escherichia coli and because citrate utilization is used as a key diagnostic character to distinguish these species, it is reasonable to assume that Tcp is specific to S. typhimurium.
Specialty fibers for optical amplifiers in communications (2002)

Various solutions are explored to extend the bandwidth with flat gain of optical amplifiers and to open up new bands for efficient amplification. Many solutions require non-silica fibers, e.g. fluoride fibers or heavy metal oxide fibers of different kinds like tellurite or the newly developed antimony silicate fibers. The main properties of such fibers and their impact on system performance in the S, C and L-bands are described.
Single Synthetic Cadmium Sulfide Crystals (1952)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. J. Czyzak, D. J. Craig, C. E. McCain, D. C. Reynolds; Single Synthetic Cadmium Sulfide Crystals. J. Appl. Phys. 1 August 1952; 23 (8): 932–933. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1702335 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Limiting removal depth in the pushout scheme for ATM networks (2003)

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) handles cells of different classes in various ways to provide the different services with their respective quality of service requirements. To decrease the loss probability of high priority cells at the expense of cells with lower priorities, two loss priority schemes have been proposed in the literature: capped threshold and push out. Since throughput is slightly greater in the push out scheme while buffer management complexity increases when passing from threshold to push out, it seems natural to prefer the threshold scheme. A limitation of the removal depth in the push out scheme, called L push out, is proposed. The most attractive feature in limiting push out is the decrease of buffer management complexity, since only a small part of the buffer seems to be necessary to reach both loss rates (those of both the low and the high priority class) using the push out strategy. Approximation analysis was used for random traffic and simulations for bursty traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of biphase-coded pulses for wideband data storage in time-domain optical memories (1993)

We demonstrate that temporally long laser pulses with appropriate phase modulation can replace either temporally brief or frequency-chirped pulses in a time-domain optical memory to store and retrieve information. A 1.65-µs-long write pulse was biphase modulated according to the 13-bit Barker code for storing multiple bits of optical data into a Pr(3+):YAlO(3) crystal, and the stored information was later recalled faithfully by using a read pulse that was identical to the write pulse. Our results further show that the stored data cannot be retrieved faithfully if mismatched write and read pulses are used. This finding opens up the possibility of designing encrypted optical memories for secure data storage.
Peptide immunization of guinea pigs against <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> (GPIC agent) infection induces good vaginal secretion antibody response, <i>in vitro</i> neutralization and partial protection against live challenge (2001)

Immunization of female guinea pigs with a chimeric peptide consisting of variable domain IV (VDIV) and a region known as GP8 from the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydophila caviae, formerly Chlamydia psittaci guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis strain, was performed to assess whether humoral immune responses could be elicited in the reproductive tracts of immunized animals. The C. caviae strain is able to cause a sexually transmitted infection in the guinea pig that closely parallels C. trachomatis infections in humans. The best anti-VDIV antibody response in vaginal secretions was achieved by intraperitoneal priming with subsequent intravaginal boosting (P < 0.001). Dot-blot analyses of vaginal secretions confirmed that these anti-VDIV antibodies, produced against a linear peptide, were able to recognize and bind to whole conformational C. caviae elementary bodies. Following live intravaginal challenge with C. caviae, a significant reduction in the intensity (P = 0.01) and an apparent reduction in the duration of the infection was evident between the guinea pigs immunized with VDIV-GP8 and non-immunized controls.
Selective monomethylation of primary amines with simple electrophiles (2013)

Direct monomethylation of primary amines with methyl triflate was achieved with high selectivity (up to 96%). The key point of this single methyl transfer stems from the use of HFIP as the solvent that interferes with amines and avoids overmethylation.
[Atrial specific granules are an intracellular calcium store]. (1994)

In order to elucidate whether the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is correlated to the release of calcium (Ca) from the atrial specific granules (ASG), it is necessary to explore whether the ASG contain highly concentrated Ca and how the high Ca is maintained in the ASG. The present study was designed to determine Ca in the ASG with the quantitative electron microscope X-ray microanalysis and Ca(2+)-ATPase with electron microscopic (EM) cytochemical technique. The ultrathin cryosections of rapid frozen fresh rat auricles were used for measuring Ca concentration with a JEM-1200EX electron microscope equipped with a Link AN 10,000 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope. The measurement showed that the Ca concentration in the ASG was quite high, being 81 +/- 15 mmol/kg (n = 10), comparable with that found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. With the Ca(2+)-ATPase EM cytochemical technique, the reaction products proved to be deposited on the membrane of the ASG. It was postulated that the Ca(2+)-ATPase on the membrane of ASG pumped Ca2+ out of the cytosol into the ASG and thus maintained a high Ca concentration inside the ASG. Therefore, the ASG might be considered to be a Ca store in atrial cardiocytes.
Exploiting and modeling local 3D structure for predicting object locations (2012)

In this paper, we argue that there is a strong correlation between local 3D structure and object placement in everyday scenes. We call this the 3D context of the object. In previous work, this is typically hand-coded and limited to flat horizontal surfaces. In contrast, we propose to use a more general model for 3D context and learn the relationship between 3D context and different object classes. This way, we can capture more complex 3D contexts without implementing specialized routines. We present extensive experiments with both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of our method for different object classes. We show that our method can be used in conjunction with an object detection algorithm to reduce the rate of false positives. Our results support that the 3D structure surrounding objects in everyday scenes is a strong indicator of their placement and that it can give significant improvements in the performance of, for example, an object detection system. For evaluation, we have collected a large dataset of Microsoft Kinect frames from five different locations, which we also make publicly available.
Performance characteristics of QPSK signal passing nonlinear channel in digital ship earth station system (1986)

Abstract This paper presents the out‐of‐band emission characteristics and the BER performance of the QPSK signal passing a class‐C power amplifier in a ship earth station transmitter and compares them with those of the QPSK signal passing a solid‐state linear power amplifier operating near saturation. The study is made mainly by computer simulation. The results show that the BER performance degradation for the class‐C power amplifier is approximately 0.9 dB at BER of 10‐6 with appropriate filtering when adjacent‐channel interference is absent. This BER performance is almost the same as that for the linear power amplifier. However, the class‐C power amplifier generates a higher level of out‐of‐band emission over a wide frequency range than the linear power amplifier, which in an SCPC system degrades the BER performance of adjacent channels. It is quantitatively shown that larger carrier spacing should be adopted for class‐C power amplifiers than for linear power amplifiers to cope with this degradation. Finally, the feasibility of using a class‐C power amplifier for the ship earth station transmitter is discussed for the digital system employing 36‐kbps QPSK which has been developed for possible INMARSAT application. It is concluded that system operation with 50‐kHz carrier spacing is feasible, while operation with 25‐kHz carrier spacing is infeasible when class‐C transmitters are used. On the other hand, system operation with 25‐kHz carrier spacings is feasible when linear transmitters are used.
The function of peroxiredoxins in plant organelle redox metabolism (2006)

In 1996, cDNA sequences referred to as plant peroxiredoxins (Prx), i.e. a 1-Cys Prx and a 2-Cys Prx, were reported from barley. Ten years of research have advanced our understanding of plant Prx as thiol-based peroxide reductases with a broad substrate specificity, ranging from hydrogen peroxide to alkyl hydroperoxides and peroxinitrite. Prx have several features in common. (i) They are abundant proteins that are routinely detected in proteomics approaches. (ii) They interact with proteins such as glutaredoxins, thioredoxins, and cyclophilins as reductants, but also non-dithiol-disulphide exchange proteins. By work with transgenic plants, their activity was shown to (iii) affect metabolic integrity, (iv) protect DNA from damage in vitro and as shown here in vivo, and (v) modulate intracellular signalling related to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. (vi) In all organisms Prx are encoded by small gene families that are of particular complexity in higher plants. A comparison of the Prx gene families in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana supports previous suggestions on Prx function in specific subcellular and metabolic context. (vii) Prx gene expression and activity are subjected to complex regulation realized by an integration of various signalling pathways. 2-Cys Prx expression depends on redox signals, abscisic acid, and protein kinase cascades. Besides these general properties, the chloroplast Prx have acquired specific roles in the context of photosynthesis. The thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity can be measured in crude plant extracts and contributes significantly to the overall H(2)O(2) detoxification capacity. Thus organellar Prx proteins enable an alternative water-water cycle for detoxification of photochemically produced H(2)O(2), which acts independently from the ascorbate-dependent Asada-Halliwell-Foyer cycle. 2-Cys Prx and Prx Q associate with thylakoid membrane components. The mitochondrial PrxII F is essential for root growth under stress. Following a more general introduction, the paper summarizes present knowledge on plant organellar Prx, addressing Prx in signalling, and also suggests some lines for future research.
High <i>f<sub>max</sub> </i> × <i>L<sub>G</sub> </i> Product of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Silicon With Thick Rectangular Gate (2020)

In this letter, we successfully demonstrated a AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor on silicon substrate with high product of maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) and gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> ) by reducing the gate resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) using a thick, high aspect ratio rectangular gate (R-gate) structure with an L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> of 265 nm and thickness of 315 nm which was fabricated using a thick polymethyl methacrylate lift-off process. The maximum drain current is over 1 A/mm, and the peak transconductance is 291 mS/mm. The values of cutoff frequency and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> are 43.7 GHz and 126.5 GHz at a drain voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) of 12 V, respectively. R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> is extracted through the small-signal model, and the value is given as 0.21 Ω-mm which is comparable to devices with the T-gate structure. This low R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> results in a high f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> and high f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> × L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> product of 33.52 GHz-μm, comparable to previously reported GaN-on-Si transistors for both R-gate and T-gate structures.
The Academic Medical Center and Patient Satisfaction (2008)

Because of size, organizational complexity, departmental autonomy, and tensions among teaching, research, and the daily work of healing, academic medical centers face significant challenges in establishing a culture of patient satisfaction. At the same time, some of these characteristics may aid academic medical centers in efforts to initiate and sustain programs focused on enhancing the patient's experience of care. If successful in these efforts, academic medical centers could be the ultimate legitimizers of patient satisfaction as a key element of quality clinical care.
Enzymatic Processing of Radiation-Induced Free Radical Damage in DNA (1998)

A significant fraction of DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation comes from free radicals generated during the radiolysis of water, that is, by indirect effects. The hydroxyl radical, the principal damaging species, produces single-strand breaks and a plethora of base and sugar lesions that can be cytotoxic or mutagenic. Free radical-induced DNA damage is repaired by an efficient and ubiquitous process called "base excision repair" which is composed of either three or four enzymatic steps, depending on the initial lesion. The result is an intact DNA molecule with a short repair patch size. If, however, multiply damaged sites similar to those produced by ionizing radiation are processed by base excision repair, a double-strand break can result if the opposing lesions are more than three nucleotides apart. Because base excision repair evolved to protect the genome from endogenous damages, the proteins involved are highly conserved from bacteria to humans, not only at the functional level, but at the level of amino acid sequence.
Effects of organic zinc and phytase supplementation in a maize–soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc content of broiler chicks (2007)

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bioplex Zn (a chelated zinc proteinate) and phytase supplementation in a maize-soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc (Zn) content of broiler chicks. Treatment structure consisted of a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement with two inclusions of phytase (0 or 500 PU/kg) and 6 of Bioplex Zn providing 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg Zn/kg diet. A total of 864 chicks were randomly assigned to each of 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicate cages of 12 chicks. 2. Dietary inclusion of phytase increased feed intake, weight gain, plasma Zn content, tibia Zn content, tibia and ash weight. 3. Dietary supplementation of Bioplex Zn linearly increased feed intake, weight gain, gain to feed ratio, plasma Zn concentration, liver Zn concentration, tibia Zn content, tibia and ash weight. 4. An interactive effect of phytase and Bioplex Zn on feed intake, weight gain, tibia Zn concentration and tibia ash weight was found. 5. One slope, straight broken-line analysis of weight gain regressed on the supplemental Zn level provided as Bioplex Zn indicated that 12 mg/kg supplemental Zn without phytase and 7.4 mg/kg supplemental Zn with phytase were required for the optimal weight gain of chicks.
New polymerization catalyzed by palladium complexes: synthesis of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives (1999)

Palladium complexes are found to catalyze the condensation polymerization of halophenyl alkyl ketones to form polyketones, which can be readily converted to poly(phenylenevinylene) and its derivatives.
Hybrid sampling-wavetable synthesis with genetic algorithms (1997)

A hybrid sampling and wavetable synthesis method is introduced for matching acoustic instruments using genetic algorithm optimization. The method uses sampling for the critical attack portion of the tone and wavetable synthesis to match the more gradually changing sustain and decay. To perform a smooth transition between them, a hybrid sampling-wavetable crossfade is used. Various tones from the piano, harp, glockenspiel, and temple block were matched. Listening tests have found the matches indistinguishable from the original tones.