gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly reliable 808-nm laser diodes with AlInGaAs strained quantum well grown by MOCVD (1996)

In this paper AlInGaAs/AlGaAs strained quantum well broad- stripe lasers with proton insulating grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, lasing at 808 nm are presented. Electrical and optical characteristics and reliability of this lasers were investigated and compared with (Al)GaAs/ALGaAs quantum well lasers manufactured by the same technology. It was shown that diode lasers based on quaternary material system presents the advantage over AlGaAs diode lasers in operating efficiency and reliability due to In contained in active layer, and consequently, hardening of the crystal lattice. Thus, laser diodes with lifetime more than 10<SUP>4</SUP> hours at operation power 0.5 Watt in cw multimode regime were manufactured.
The <i>ste3</i> Pheromone Receptor Gene of <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Is Surrounded by a Cluster of Signal Transduction Genes (2001)

Although the clinical aspects of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are well characterized, the basic biology of the causative organism is poorly understood. Most proposed life cycles of P. carinii include both asexual and sexual replicative cycles. The two most prominent morphological forms are a trophic form, thought to undergo asexual replication by binary fission, and a cystic form or ascus containing intracystic bodies or ascospores, the products of sexual replication. To facilitate the Pneumocystis genome project, a P. carinii f. sp. carinii genomic cosmid library and an additional lambda cDNA library were generated. A partial expressed sequence tag database, created as part of the genome project, revealed the transcription of meiosis-specific genes and other genes related to sexual reproduction. The ortholog of Ste3, an a-factor pheromone receptor, was cloned and genes surrounding the ste3 locus were examined. Clustered around the ste3 gene are genes encoding elements functional in the pheromone response signal transduction cascade of model fungal organisms. These include the Ste20 protein kinase, the Ste12 homoeodomain transcriptional regulator, a potential pheromone mating factor, and other DNA-binding proteins. The genomic organization of the ste3 locus bears significant similarity to that of the mating locus recently described in Cryptococcus neoformans. The P. carinii genome contains much of the genetic machinery necessary for pheromone responsiveness, and these data support the existence of a sexual replication cycle.
Enantioselective synthesis of α-arylpropanoic acids (1995)

P. C. B. Page, M. J. McKenzie and D. R. Buckle, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1995, 2673 DOI: 10.1039/P19950002673
A Rapidly Changing Reality (2002)

The Nature of the World order and Crisis through the eyes of leading experts in International Relations Q uantity has transformed into quality. Deformations and tensions in the world order, which have matured latently for years, if not decades, have come to light. The nature of changes in the modern world is yet to be comprehended. Not surprisingly, it is difficult to get rid of the Cold War inertial thinking and the temptation to find parallels in history. We have asked scholars and intellectuals from various countries to briefly assess the nature of these changes.
Uniform format for disclosure of competing interests in ICMJE journals (2009)

Disclosure of financial associations of authors of articles published in biomedical journals has become common practice. The information provided in these disclosures helps the reader to understand the relationships between the authors and various commercial entities that may have an interest in the
Strategies for Mimicking Neisserial Saccharide Epitopes as Vaccines (2001)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2C7 recognizes a conserved and widely expressed oligosaccharide (OS) epitope on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This OS epitope evokes a significant bactericidal and opsonic immune response after natural infection and vaccination. The OS epitope structure represents an excellent target for a potential protective gonococcal vaccine. Because carbohydrate antigens are T-cell independent, inducing weak antibody responses, OS molecules are not useful immunogens. We developed and examined two different strategies to mimic the 2C7 OS epitope: (i) an anti-idiotope (mAb CA1); and (ii) a peptide (PEP-1). These surrogate immunogens elicited antibody responses in mice (CA1 and PEP-1) and rabbits (CA1) that were bactericidal in vitro against gonococci. Both CA1 and PEP-1 are true immunologic mimics of OS and may form a basis for the development of vaccine candidates for human immunization against N. gonorrhoeae.
Inappropriate Thyroid Gland Ablation in Patients With Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (1996)

Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone is one of several rare disorders of thyroid metabolism that can be associated with confusing symptoms and signs. Five cases of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone that were misdiagnosed with thyrotoxicosis, leading to unnecessary thyroid gland ablation and iatrogenic hypothyroidism, are reviewed herein. These cases illustrate the point that a careful review of the history, physical examination, and laboratory data, as well as an understanding of hormonal feedback relationships, will greatly benefit the practitioner in evaluating the patients with thyroid dysfunction. Consultation with an endocrinologist may be helpful to establish the correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary treatments. (Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:106-109)
A self-optimizing application server design for enterprise Java beans applications (2003)

We propose a self-optimizing application server design for EJB component technology. Optimizations are driven by the discovery of inter-component communication patterns and the application of corresponding container refactorings. Our solution attempts to address the impact the application server has on system performance.
Parametric study of the tensile behaviour of unidirectional hybrid carbon/glass composites (2014)

The hybrid effect, which is the apparent failure strain enhancement of brittle fibres in a hybrid composite, was analysed for unidirectional carbon/glass hybrid composites. The hybrid effect strongly depended on the hybrid volume fraction and was found to be up to 36%. This was explained based on a reduction of the number of pathways for break cluster growth, and a delay in break cluster development to larger strains. The critical cluster size of hybrid composites also positively deviates from the linear rule-of-mixtures, contributing to the hybrid effect. Similarly, increased fibre dispersion decreased the number of pathways for break cluster growth, delayed break cluster development and increased the hybrid effect. The critical break cluster size was not affected by the dispersion. These results provide new insight into the failure development of hybrid composites and can help in their further optimisation.
Pesticide-microbial interactions in soil (1991)

Pesticides reach the soil environment by direct input for control of soil-dwelling pest species, and by several routes of indirect input. Examples of the indirect routes are: incidental application when spray drift or drip contacts the soil surface, incorporation into soil with plants or animals (or their wastes) that contain residues of pesticides, or through precipitation that is contaminated.
Has Apparent Size Been Tested as a Factor in Figural After-Effects? (1961)

This experiment was designed to demonstrate that the effect of apparent size on the FAE has not been adequately tested. The subjects were run under binocular and under monocular viewing conditions. Binocular vision gave essentially the same results that had been obtained in previous binocular investigations. Monocular vision gave different results. It was concluded that the effect of apparent size on the FAE has not been demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational and Configurational Analysis of 2‐Substituted 7‐ Oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptadienic α‐Tetralones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Risk-averse Offer Strategy of a Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant with Virtual Bidding in Electricity Markets (2019)

Photovoltaic (PV) solar power is a kind of renewable energy source that is developing rapidly in modern power systems. PV solar power producers need to generate efficient trading strategies to participate in the competitive electricity markets. In this paper, a kind of pure financial instrument called virtual bidding, which is available in the U.S. electricity markets, is used to help PV solar power producers improve profits and manage risk. A stochastic optimization model is established to co-optimize the profits of solar power offering and virtual bidding, where seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model is used for scenario generation and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) is used as risk measure. The proposed model is a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem which can be solved by existing commercial solvers to obtain the stepwise curves for solar power offering and virtual bidding simultaneously. Finally, case studies are carried out for a 62 MW distributed PV solar power plant to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and analyze the impact of virtual bidding on the profitability and risk management of the PV solar power producer.
Purification and characterization of three distinct types of phospholipase A2 inhibitors from the blood plasma of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus (1997)

Three distinct types of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitory proteins (PLIalpha, PLIbeta, and PLIgamma) were isolated from the blood plasma of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus. PLIalpha is an inhibitor that we have already purified and whose amino acid sequence we have already determined [Ohkura, Inoue, Ikeda and Hayashi (1993) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 113, 413-419]. It inhibited selectively the group-II acidic PLA2s from Crotalidae venom. PLIbeta was a 160-kDa glycoprotein having a trimeric structure composed of 50-kDa subunits. The amino acid sequence of the first 30 amino acids of the N-terminal part of the 50-kDa subunit was determined and found to have no significant homology to that of known proteins. PLIbeta was a selective inhibitor against the group-II basic PLA2s from Crotalidae venom. Some amino acid residues located in or close to the interfacial binding surface of the group-II basic PLA2s were suggested to be involved in selective binding to PLIbeta. PLIgamma was a 100-kDa glycoprotein containing 25-kDa and 20-kDa subunits and inhibited all of the PLA2s investigated equally, including Elapidae venom PLA2s (group I), Crotalidae and Viperidae venom PLA2s (group II) and honey-bee PLA2 (group III). From the N-terminal sequences of the two subunits, PLIgamma was found to be the same type of PLI that had been purified from Thailand cobra plasma.
Soft Condensed Matter Physics in Molecular and Cell Biology (2006)

Soft condensed matter physics, which emerged as a distinct branch of physics in the 1990s, studies complex fluids: liquids in which structures with length scale between the molecular and the macroscopic exist. Polymers, liquid crystals, surfactant solutions, and colloids fall into this category. Physicists deal with properties of soft matter system
Emerging sustainable sensors based on nanostructures on flexible and disposable substrates (2020)

This paper gives an overview of recently demonstrated sensors based on the nanomaterials synthesized on different flexible and disposable substrates. The sensors to be presented are for wide range of applications, e.g. detection of toxic heavy metals, diagnostic applications etc. During the talk, the suitable different nanomaterials synthesis methods are to be also presented. The advantages and superiority of the emerging sensors using sustainable materials will also be discussed.
Design and implementation of scalable DAQ software for a high-resolution PET camera (2012)

This paper describes a new data acquisition (DAQ) program for a breast dedicated high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) camera employing 4608 position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). The DAQ program is designed to be highly scalable to match the needs of evolving implementation as the system is built up from 1 to 4608 PSAPDs. The program features real time data quality monitoring capabilities. Energy and flood histograms of each PSAPD are monitored in real time, as well as the charge histogram for each channel. This allows the user to detect any hardware problems and configuration errors prior to the completion of experiment. In order to view flood histograms collected data needs to be corrected for pedestals. The program employs a pedestal estimation algorithm by fitting a Landau function to the histograms. It is also possible to use this algorithm to detect changes in pedestal values during data acquisition. A circular buffer supports real time data monitoring. Changes in the display settings, like photopeak windowing, require refilling the histograms. In order to do this as fast as possible, a number of events are stored in a circular buffer with data split into separate groups, one for each PSAPD. When a histogram of a certain PSAPD needs to be updated, the buffer pulls out the data of that specific PSAPD. This approach reduces the time it takes to update a histogram as opposed to reading data from disk or waiting for new events. It also prevents unnecessary data transfer between different parts of the program. Using one of the data acquisition boards developed, we tested the throughput capabilities of the program. The maximum throughput is limited by the hardware to 64Mbits/s. This throughput corresponds to roughly 228000 events per second. Due to processing overhead, real time online monitoring ability of the program is limited to 120000 events per second. During the test none of the events were dropped due to processing and plotting tasks.
α2-Adrenoceptor Activation by Clonidine Enhances Stimulation-evoked Acetylcholine Release from Spinal Cord Tissue after Nerve Ligation in Rats (2005)

These results suggest that clonidine enhances depolarization-induced acetylcholine release in neuropathic but not in normal spinal cord tissue. Interestingly, this enhanced acetylcholine release by clonidine occurs in a synaptosomal preparation, consistent with a direct effect on alpha2 adrenoceptors on cholinergic terminals. Enhanced release of acetylcholine by clonidine could contribute to increased analgesia of clonidine in neuropathic pain.
[Treatment of hypertensive crisis in outpatients with sublingual isradipine]. (1992)

Isradipine tablets in the dosages of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg by sublingual route is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of ambulatorial patients with hypertensive crisis.
Packet router architecture with multicasting capability for future optical networking (2005)

This paper introduces a design for a high capacity multicasting capable Optical Packet Switched Router (OPSR). It incorporates an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) as its core switching matrix to manage the ever increasing packet switched traffic within the optical network. The OPSR has the capability to switch optical packet traffic through the AWG with a switching speed of a few nano-seconds (nsec) at a bit rate of 10Gbps and above with multicasting capability. The capabilities offered by this OPSR will speed up all-optical packet switching and reduce packet latency and consequently packet loss.
Investigation of a planar microtriode fabricated with direct write nanolithography using electron beam induced deposition (2004)

A planar micro-triode with field emission cathode is investigated. The metal pattern for coarse and fine voltage feed lines, signal detection lines, and shielding patterns are designed by Computer Aided Design (CAD) and fabricated in 1 /spl mu/m technology. Electron optical performance and field distribution is calculated using numerical electron optics programs for structures in 1 /spl mu/m technology and 0.3 /spl mu/m technology. A silicon chip coated with thick silicon oxide is used as substrate material. The coarse metal pattern is fabricated using an optical contact printer and etching. The fine metal pattern is produced using electron beam lithography exposure and metal lift-off. Finer connecting lines and the field emitter tip as well as extractor structures are fabricated by direct write nanolithography with electron beam induced deposition (EBID). For deposition, a platinum containing precursor is used. Deposition is performed in an experimental mask repair system at very low energies and high placement precision. For prolonged lifetime an ion mirror is incorporated. Emission is observed using a scintillator-anode. Investigations are performed in an UHV system, as well as in high vacuum and in air. Measurements of currents from deposited emitters are performed in a triode arrangement using 3kV anode voltage, grounded extractors and -105 V as cathode potential. The emission current is recorded using a computer controlled recording system with msec resolution to monitor short term variations also in long term measurements. Emission currents of nA are observed without ion mirror in action over several days, and show variations up to 50% due to vacuum conditions.
The regulation of poly- -hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense during balanced growth and starvation (1990)

Activities of the enzymes which are involved in the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) cycle, in both synthesis and degradation reactions, were assayed in crude extracts of Azospirillum brasilense cells containing different amounts of PHB. The enzymes of the PHB cycle, of both the synthesis and the degradation process, were more active in PHB-rich cells than in PHB-poor cells. During 96 h of starvation of cells suspended in phosphate buffer, enzymes of the PHB cycle were more active in PHB-rich cells. There was a peak of activity of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BOHB-DH), β-ketothiolase and thiophorase after 24 h of starvation, due to polymer degradation. During the following hours of starvation there was a decrease in the activity of these enzymes. After 24 h of starvation the activity of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase dropped to a minimum level, because the cells could not synthesize PHB under these conditions. The specific activities of BOHB-DH, β-ketothiolase and thiophorase were higher in A. brasilense cells which were grown under low oxygen tension and consequently accumulated high levels of PHB, than in cells grown under high oxygen tension, with a low PHB content. Similarities to the pathway of PHB biosynthesis and degradation and its control in Azotobacter beijerinckii are described.
Synthesis of P(MMA- <i>co</i> -MAA)/TiO <sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites v <i>ia</i> Surface Thiol-Lactam Initiated Radical Polymerization (2012)

Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) were covalently wrapped onto TiO2 nanoparticles through surface thiol-lactam initiated radical polymerization via grafting from approach. Initially, the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was modified by (3-mercapto)propyl trimethoxysilane to get thiol functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-SH). A radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid was subsequently conducted to afford chemically bonded copolymer with TiO2 nanoparticles by employing two component initiating system consisting of TiO2-SH and butyrolactam. The TiO2 nanocomposites were identified by taking advantage of FT-IR, XPS, and EDX. The physical structure of the nanocomposites was studied by using XRD. The morphology of the nanocomposites was investigated by TEM and SEM analyses. TGA scan showed that the inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles improved the thermal stability of the copolymer to a certain extent. Additionally, dynamic laser light scattering measurement of the TiO2 nanocomposites was carried out in order to get the size distribution of nanocomposites.
Alveolar Macrophages ReleaseanInsulin-like GrowthFactorI-TypeMolecule (1988)

Humanalveolar macrophages, whenactivated, release aprogression-type growth factor forfibroblasts that signals competent fibroblasts toreplicate. Thepresent studydemonstrates that this growth activity isaninsulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I)-type molecule. Partial purification ofmediumconditioned byactivated alveolar macrophages using ionexchange andgelfiltration chromatography revealed anIGF-I molecule asdetected byananti-IGF-I polyclonal antibody andthat the specific activity oftheprogression-type growth activity tracked withtheamountofIGF-Ipresent. Inaserum-free complementation test, theincrease infibroblast proliferation byalveolar macrophage IGF-Iwasreduced inadose-response mannerwith ananti-IGF-I monoclonal antibody. Thealveolar macrophage IGF-Idisplaced 'I-IGF-I fromitsreceptor ina binding assayutilizing humanlungfibroblasts anditstimulated typeIIGFreceptors purified fromhumanlungfibroblasts tophosphorylate atyrosine-containing artificial substrate. Incontrast tothe7.6-kD serumIGF-I, gelchromatographyrevealed thatthealveolar macrophage IGF-Ihadan apparent molecular massof26kD,similar toothertissue IGF-Is. Alveolar macrophages expressed IGF-ImRNA transcripts asdetected bysolution hybridization using a32P-labeled riboprobe complementary toexonsI-II-III oftheIGF-I gene. Inthecontext oftheknownfunctions ofthefamily of IGF-Imolecules incell growth, IGF-Ireleased byactivated alveolar macrophages mayplayaroleinacuteandchronic inflammatory disorders.
Piezoelectric photoacoustic spectra of bulk CuInS/sub 2/ single crystals grown by the traveling heater method (2002)

The piezoelectric photoacoustic (PPA) spectra of bulk CuInS/sub 2/ single crystals grown by a traveling heater method were observed at 80 K. Two PPA signals which are due to bandgap energy and an intrinsic defect are clearly observed. The activation energy of the intrinsic defect is estimated to be about 70 meV are obtained as nonradiative recombination centers for the first time.
Polymerization of mono‐, Di‐, and trichloroethyl methacrylates: A study in chain transfer (2016)

ABSTRACT Bulk free radical polymerization of the monomer series CH 2 = C(CH 3 )C(O)OCH 2 CH 3‐ n Cl n , n = 1, 2, 3, yields an unexpectedly crosslinked product with a crosslink density that increases with decreasing chlorine content of the respective monomer ( n = 3 < n = 2 < n = 1). This chlorine substituent effect is investigated by correlation with chain transfer constant measurements for four homologous series of chloroalkyl compounds (chloroethyl acetates (CH 3 C(O)OCH 2 CH 3‐ n Cl n , n = 1,2,3); chloromethanes (CH 4‐ n Cl n , n = 2,3,4) and CD 2 Cl 2 and CDCl 3 analogs; butyl chloride isomers ( n‐ , iso‐ , sec ‐, tert ‐) and tert ‐C 4 D 9 Cl analog; and nine chloroethanes (C 2 H n −6 Cl n , n = 1–6)) in a methyl methacrylate polymerization. The pattern conveyed by the magnitude of chain transfer constants and deuterium isotope effects is consistent with a vicinal chlorine effect (i.e., chlorine activation of a vicinal hydrogen for abstraction) to account for the relative activities of the four series of model compounds and for the propensity of the chloroethyl methacrylates to crosslink in a bulk free radical polymerization. The chloroalkyl moiety's contribution to chain transfer is relatively modest (≤10 −4 ), but, when incorporated as a monomer pendant group in free radical polymerizations, it is effective in broadening molecular weight to the extent of resulting in a crosslinked polymer. Published 2016. † J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 93–106