gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of kinetics of light‐induced stomatal responses on photosynthesis and water‐use efficiency (2016)

Both photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs ) respond to changing irradiance, yet stomatal responses are an order of magnitude slower than photosynthesis, resulting in noncoordination between A and gs in dynamic light environments. Infrared gas exchange analysis was used to examine the temporal responses and coordination of A and gs to a step increase and decrease in light in a range of different species, and the impact on intrinsic water use efficiency was evaluated. The temporal responses revealed a large range of strategies to save water or maximize photosynthesis in the different species used in this study but also displayed an uncoupling of A and gs in most of the species. The shape of the guard cells influenced the rapidity of response and the overall gs values achieved, with different impacts on A and Wi . The rapidity of gs in dumbbell-shaped guard cells could be attributed to size, whilst in elliptical-shaped guard cells features other than anatomy were more important for kinetics. Our findings suggest significant variation in the rapidity of stomatal responses amongst species, providing a novel target for improving photosynthesis and water use.
Characterizing Groundwater Using Controlled Source Audio Frequency Domain Magnetics (2008)

Traditional methods for determining the potential flow paths of subsurface pollution require extensive drilling a time-consuming process which results in significant expense and environmental trauma. The minimally invasive imaging procedure detailed in this presentation generates accurate groundwater maps and models but requires significantly less drilling. As a result, this method entails fewer costs in terms of time, money and ecological disruption. Initial case studies indicate that this procedure may be particularly well suited to the task of environmental remediation. This procedure relies on the principles of Controlled Source - Audio Frequency Domain Magnetics (CS-AFDM). First, electrodes charge the groundwater in question with a low voltage electrical current. As the current passes through the water between the electrodes, it emits a magnetic field whose size, shape, magnitude and direction are characteristic of the surrounding aqueous system (Biot-Savart Law). This field is then read at the surface by a specially tuned receiver, ultimately resulting in maps and models that indicate the attributes of the subsurface water network, including potential flow paths.
Microsolvation Effects on the Optical Properties of Crystal Violet (2008)

We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of the photoabsorption and photodissociation behavior of crystal violet, that is, the tris[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl cation. The photodissociation spectra of isolated and microsolvated crystal violet have been measured. A single band is observed for the bare cation. This is in good agreement with the calculated vibronic absorption spectrum based on time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The interaction of crystal violet with a single water molecule shifts and broadens the photodissociation spectrum, so that it approaches the spectrum obtained in solution. Theoretical calculations of the structure of the complex suggest that the shift in the absorption spectrum originates from a water molecule bonding with the central carbon atom of crystal violet.
Exact identity for nonlinear wave propagation (2008)

An exact identity for nonlinear sound wave propagation in one-dimensional media is shown to apply under a wide variety of conditions. The evidence suggests that this is true whenever there is a single input and output channel on each side of the medium, which can generally be achieved using monochromatic filters. It is shown mathematically that the identity cannot be derived from this condition and the known symmetries of the system. The question of what hidden symmetries in the system lead to the identity, and whether it applies even more generally to light waves, remains unresolved.
Fixed-point quantum circuits for quantum field theories (2020)

Renormalization group ideas and effective operators are introduced to efficiently prepare ground states of massive lattice field theories on digital quantum devices. This is accomplished with a systematic approximation through localized unitaries that removes an exponentially costly barrier in the spatial volume of the quantum simulation. With these methods, classically computed ground states in a spatial volume $L$, containing a few Compton wavelengths, can be used to determine operators for preparing the ground state toward the thermodynamic limit with a precision improving as ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}mL}$ on beyond-classical quantum registers. Due to the exponential spatial decay of correlations in massive theories and the double exponential suppression of digitization artifacts in the number of qubits representing the scalar field, the derived fixed-point quantum circuits are expected to be relevant for simulations of quantum field theories throughout the evolution from small-scale near-term quantum devices to large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers.
Optical assessment of tissue heterogeneity in biomaterials and implants (2000)

Optical techniques can assess the heterogeneity and structural layers of biomaterial and implants. Such assessment can assist engineering of tissue patches and implants by assessing implant structure, monitoring the implant fabrication process, controlling the machining of the implant, and monitoring in vivo the body's host response to the implant. Optical scattering can quantify the granularity of a biomaterial on the scale of 0.1 - 10 micrometer. Optical coherence tomography can map heterogeneity on the scale of 2 - 20 micrometer. Optoacoustic imaging can image absorbing heterogeneities on the scale of 20 micrometer - 10 mm (or more). Diffusion optical tomography can image absorbing and scattering heterogeneities on the scale of 5 mm - 5 cm (or more). The opportunities for optical techniques in preparing biomaterials and implants are discussed.
Rapid 3D model acquisition from images of small objects (2000)

This paper describes a system for rapid acquisition of 3D models of objects for use in applications such as CAD and VR. The system consists of an image capturing platform, which comprises a PC-controlled turntable and CCD camera, and associated computer vision and graphics algorithms for 3D model acquisition. An algorithm for accurately recovering 3D points from image sequences is described. Experiments performed on synthetic and real data show that the algorithm is accurate in recovering the coordinates of 3D points and is robust against noise in 2D feature location and 3D object rotation. Results of applying the system to acquiring 3D models of real objects are illustrated.
Phase locked loop synchronization for direct detection optical PPM communication systems (1985)

Receiver timing synchronization of an optical pulse position modulation (PPM) communication system can be achieved using a phase locked loop (PLL) if the photodetector output is properly processed. The synchronization performance is shown to improve with increasing signal power and decreasing loop bandwidth. Bit error rate (BER) of the PLL synchronized PPM system is analyzed and compared to that for the perfectly synchronized system. It is shown that the increase in signal power needed to compensate for the imperfect synchronization is small (less than 0.1 dB) for loop bandwidths less than 0.1% of the slot frequency.
Optimal strategies for spread-spectrum and quantized-projection image data hiding games with BER payoffs (2004)

In this paper, we analyze spread-spectrum and quantization projection data hiding methods from a game-theoretic point of view, using the bit error rate (BER) as the payoff, and assuming that the embedder simply follows point-by-point constraints given by a perceptual mask, whereas for the attacker an MSE-like constraint is imposed. The optimal attacking and decoding strategies are obtained by making use of a theorem that in addition states that those strategies constitute an equilibrium of the game. Experimental results supporting our analyses are also shown.
Effects of solvent casting copolymer materials as related to mechanical properties (1976)

Using a well characterized series of styrene butadiene triblock copolymers a systematic study was carried out to determine the influence of casting solvent, used for film preparation, on the final mechanical properties. The results clearly indicate that in the range of styrene contents of 30-40 mol %, the modulus behavior is greatly affected as the solubility parameter of the casting solvent, delta, is varied. Specifically, the modulus increases as delta increases to the value of polystyrene. At lower or higher styrene content, the properties are influenced but to a much lesser degree. Other mechanical properties measured were yield stress and breaking stress. The ramifications of these data are discussed in light of preparing prosthetic material via solvent casting.
The Perception of Chromatic Noise on Different Colors (2011)

A paired comparison psychophysical experiment was conducted to investigate the perception of chromatic noise. Interestingly, chromatic noise on a grey patch was less visible than on chromatic patches. Among chromatic patches, chromatic noise on a purple patch was the most visible and chromatic noise on orange, yellow, or green patch was less visible. Then a heterochromatic brightness matching experiment was conducted and it was suggested that this perception of chromatic noise could be explained by the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect. The gradient of the luminance of the same brightness was shown to have a correlation with the chromatic noise visibility. Thus the chromatic noise was perceived not only as chromatic noise but also as brightness noise that should be more sensitive for the human vision. Due to the dependency of the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect on hue and chroma, the visibility of chromatic noise should depend on the colors of the patches.
Circularly polarized leaky wave antenna without phase shifter using CRLH transmission line (2012)

We describe the calculation results of the leaky wave antenna using a circularly polarized CRLH transmission line without a phase shifter. This antenna is a simple structure. The specific characteristics of the circularly polarized wave have been confirmed by the simulation. We have investigated the dispersion characteristics and the radiation characteristics of the antenna. The beam scanning range was achieved 22 degrees from the forward to the backward by changing the frequency.
Mosaicism for an Intragenic Deletion in a Boy with Mild Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (1988)

ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE (OTC) is the X-linked enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of carbamyl phosphate and ornithine, forming citrulline in the urea cycle. Its activity in the mitochondria of liver cells is essential for the detoxification of ammonia, and its complete absence is usually lethal in the neonatal period.1 The majority of cases of nontransient neonatal hyperammonemia are due to inborn deficiencies of this enzyme. A milder form of OTC deficiency has a later onset and is characterized by episodes of hyperammonemia caused by infection or excessive protein intake. Even when protein intake is limited, male patients with partial OTC deficiency . . .
Towards field and laboratory experiments with ocean acoustic-gravity waves (2016)

Acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) can be generated in the ocean by mechanical energy transfer from the Earth's crust (e.g. earthquakes or volcanoes) and by energy transfer occurring at the water surface (e.g. interaction of opposing gravity waves, ice-quakes or localized pressure changes). Recent theoretical studies shed light on the underlying physics of the generation and propagation of AGWs in the ocean. However, these theories are yet to be verified further with very challenging field experiments due to the associated low frequency signals required, and ambient disturbances involved. Here, we present a unique setup of field experiments and large scale laboratory tests to verify the main physical properties of AGWs in ocean generated by different types of sources. We also present a novel methodology to generate and measure AGWs in the ocean.
Astrocytes locally translate transcripts in their peripheral processes (2017)

Local translation in neuronal processes is key to the alteration of synaptic strength necessary for long-term potentiation, learning, and memory. Here, we present evidence that regulated de novo protein synthesis occurs within distal, perisynaptic astrocyte processes. Astrocyte ribosomal proteins are found adjacent to synapses in vivo, and immunofluorescent detection of peptide elongation in acute slices demonstrates robust translation in distal processes. We have also developed a biochemical approach to define candidate transcripts that are locally translated in astrocyte processes. Computational analyses indicate that astrocyte-localized translation is both sequence-dependent and enriched for particular biological functions, such as fatty acid synthesis, and for pathways consistent with known roles for astrocyte processes, such as GABA and glutamate metabolism. These transcripts also include glial regulators of synaptic refinement, such as <i>Sparc</i> Finally, the transcripts contain a disproportionate amount of a binding motif for the quaking RNA binding protein, a sequence we show can significantly regulate mRNA localization and translation in the astrocytes. Overall, our observations raise the possibility that local production of astrocyte proteins may support microscale alterations of adjacent synapses.
Synthesis of dipyrazolo[3,4-b : 4′,3′-f]azepines and dithieno[2,3-b : 3′,2′f]azepines from 1-substituted 2,7-dichloro-4,5-dihydro-1H-azepine-3,6-dicarbaldehydes (1989)

Syntheses of the title compounds (7) and (8) are described. These new bis-heterocyclic analogues of dibenzo[b,f]azepines (4) were readily obtained from the di-β-chlorovinyl aldehydes (3), the latter prepared by formylation of the azepines (5). The thiophene analogue (10) of the antidepressant ‘imipramine’ was then synthesized by debenzylation of the dithienoazepine (8a) followed by condensation with an appropriate halide.
Open-Scale: A Scalable, Open-Source NOC-based MPSoC for Design Space Exploration (2011)

As complexity of embedded system increases, configurable hardware is becoming more attractive because it provides a fast and efficient basis for design development. As a consequence, one of the most promising embedded architecture consists in the replication of Processing Elements (PEs) connected through a Network-on-Chip (NoC). Such architectures provide computation parallelism, scalability, and reduced design time thanks to reusability. This paper describes the development of a scalable, distributed memory, open source NoC-based platform called Open-Scale and its implementation into FPGA devices. The main objective of this platform is to provide a complete framework for research development on NoC-based distributed memory MPSoCs.
View-Invariant Loop Closure with Oriented Semantic Landmarks (2020)

Recent work on semantic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) have shown the utility of natural objects as landmarks for improving localization accuracy and robustness. In this paper we present a monocular semantic SLAM system that uses object identity and inter-object geometry for view-invariant loop detection and drift correction. Our system's ability to recognize an area of the scene even under large changes in viewing direction allows it to surpass the mapping accuracy of ORB-SLAM, which uses only local appearance-based features that are not robust to large viewpoint changes. Experiments on real indoor scenes show that our method achieves mean drift reduction of 70% when compared directly to ORB-SLAM. Additionally, we propose a method for object orientation estimation, where we leverage the tracked pose of a moving camera under the SLAM setting to overcome ambiguities caused by object symmetry. This allows our SLAM system to produce geometrically detailed semantic maps with object orientation, translation, and scale.
The architecture of Tandem's NonStop system (1981)

A Tandem T16 computer system is a network of up to 256 nodes. Each node consists of two to sixteen processors. The system had three major design goals: (1) Continuous data availability. (2) Modular growth by adding processing elements to a node. (3) Support of a network of geographically distributed nodes for on-line transaction processing. This talk will sketch Tandem's approach to continuous data availability. At the hardware level, NonStop is achieved by designing a single-fault tolerant system. A Tandem system has two or more modules and paths for each function. In addition, the system design addresses issues such as power failure, on-line maintenance, and reconfiguration.
3276 Application of 3D-probe for measuring rotational accuracy of tilting rotary tables and display method for practical use (2011)

The accuracy of workpieces machined on the tilting rotary tables of five-axis machining centers depends on the accuracy of the axis of rotation. A 3D probe was developed to measure the accuracy of the axis of rotation under simultaneous three-axis motion to avoid the inconvenience of existing measurement instruments. This paper proposes a measurement method for the parallelism error between the sensitive directions and the movement directions of the linear axes. In addition, this paper proposes a correction method using a rotational matrix consisting of the measured parallelism errors and a display method to show the motion errors of the axis of rotation as an application of the 3D probe.
Regiochemical Aspects of the Platinum Oxide Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkynes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The first chemical synthesis of boronic acid-modified DNA through a copper-free click reaction (2011)

The first chemical incorporation of the boronic acid group into DNA using a copper-free click reagent was reported. Compared with the PCR-based method, this approach allows for site-specific incorporation and synthesis on a larger scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols Using Substituted Haloalkylzinc Reagents: Synthesis of gem‐Dimethylcyclopropanes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bifunctional Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Focus on the Glycosyltransferase Domain and its Specific Inhibitor Moenomycin (2002)

Beta-lactams and glycopeptides antibiotics directed against enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis have generated bacterial resistance. Search for new antibiotic molecules is widely focused on bifunctional Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs), with particular emphasis on their glycosyltransferase activity. This function catalyzes glycan chain polymerization of the cell wall peptidoglycan. This review summarizes recent results about biochemical characterization of bifunctional PBPs and enzymatic properties of the glycosyltransferase domain. Moenomycin, a well studied glycosyltransferase activity inhibitor has provided useful informations about lipid binding properties and about cellular role of bifunctional PBPs. These enzymes were shown to be a part of the multienzymatic complex involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Furthermore, bifunctional PBPs are also present in the protein complex located at the site of septation during cell division. The glycosyltransferase domain of bifunctional PBPs remains unsufficently characterized: the structural analysis may lead to the development of novel antibacterials and to the understanding of the enzymatic properties, while genetic and cellular studies focused on bifunctional PBPs will provide a wealth of knowledge regarding cell growth and division.
Early Diagnosis of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (2008)

Clinical suspicion of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva early in life on the basis of malformed great toes can lead to early clinical diagnosis, confirmatory diagnostic genetic testing, and the avoidance of additional harmful diagnostic and treatment procedures. This is the first report of genetic confirmation of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva before the appearance of heterotopic ossification. Pediatricians should be aware of the early diagnostic features of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, even before the appearance of heterotopic ossification. This awareness should prompt early genetic consultation and testing and the institution of assiduous precautions to prevent iatrogenic harm.
Relationships between <i>in vitro</i> Susceptibility and Efficacy in Experimental Mouse Infection-Protection Assay of Cefazolin and Cephalothin using <i>Escherichia col</i><i>i</i> Strains (1976)

The disc sensitivity and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefazolin and cephalothin were compared against a series of Escherichia coli isolates. These data were correlated with the mouse protective doses of the 2 cephalosporins in animals infected with E. coli strains selected according to their various degrees of in vitro sensitivity to the 2 cephalosporins. The overwhelming majority of E. coli strains showed a significantly higher degree of susceptibility and lower MIC values for cefazolin than for cephalothin. There has been found a good correlation between the inhibition zones and especially the MIC values and the ED50 results for both cephalosporins. Using E. coli clinical isolates, cefazolin was found to be superior to cephalothin not only in vitro experiments but also more potent in protecting the experimentally infected mice.
Switching substrate preference of thermophilic xylose isomerase from D-xylose to D-glucose by redesigning the substrate binding pocket. (1991)

The substrate specificity of thermophilic xylose isomerase from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was examined by using predictions from the known crystal structure of the Arthrobacter enzyme and site-directed mutagenesis of the thermophile xylA gene. The orientation of glucose as a substrate in the active site of the thermophilic enzyme was modeled to position the C-6 end of hexose toward His-101 in the substrate-binding pocket. The locations of Met-87, Thr-89, Val-134, and Glu-180, which contact the C-6-OH group of the substrate in the sorbitol-bound xylose isomerase from Arthrobacter [Collyer, C.A., Henrick, K. & Blow, D. M. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 212, 211-235], are equivalent to those of Trp-139, Thr-141, Val-186, and Glu-232 in the thermophilic enzyme. Replacement of Trp-139 with Phe reduced the Km and enhanced the kcat of the mutant thermophilic enzyme toward glucose, whereas this substitution reversed the effect toward xylose. Replacement of Val-186 with Thr also enhanced the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme toward glucose. Double mutants with replacements Trp-139----Phe/Val-186----Thr and Trp-139----Phe/Val-186----Ser had a higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for glucose than the wild-type enzyme of 5- and 2-fold, respectively. They also exhibited 1.5- and 3-fold higher catalytic efficiency for D-glucose than for D-xylose, respectively. These results provide evidence that alteration in substrate specificity of factitious thermophilic xylose isomerases can be achieved by designing reduced steric constraints and enhanced hydrogen-bonding capacity for glucose in the substrate-binding pocket of the active site.