gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Catalysis and Composition of Inlet Gas on Gasification of Carbon and Coal (1979)

In order to develope a high speed-low temperature coal gasification process, the fundamental investigations on the effects of the metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Li) added over activated carbon and three kinds of coal chars and the component of gasifing gas mixture (H2O, H2O-H2 CO2 CO2-H2, H2, O2, O2-H2O; balanced with N2) on gasification rate and carbon selectivity converted to CO, CO2, and CH4 were carried out at 600° to 1000°C and atmospheric pressure by using thermobalance, gaschromatograph and X-ray diffractometer.The main results obtained were as follows:1) A trial approach with pure carbon (activated carbon prepared from PVDC-PVC copolymer resin by thermal decomposition in N2) modified with metal addition by impregnation method was confirmed to be useful to evaluate the catalytic gasification activity of metal compounds contained originally in coal and/or added intentionally as catalyst.2) Mixing H2 with gasifing gas of H2O or CO2 (mole ratio: H2/H2O or H2/CO2≥1) and addition of Fe (10%) to pure barbon or coal char promoted gasification rate and carbon selectivity to CO to produce a gas mixture which were rich in CO and H2. This was supported by the fact that gasification rate of coal chars contained iron compounds originally was much faster than that of coal char in which iron compound was not containd. Li added only 0.5% increased gasification rate greatly, but almost of carbon was converted to CO2 in any gasifing gases.3) The content of ca. 10% Fe added was the most preferable amount for gasification pure carbon with H2O-H2 mixture. In the case of the mole ratio of H2/H2O less than ca.l, regardless of the amount of Fe added, the poor-graphitziable hard carbon was formed to decrease gasification rate and to stop gasification on its midcourse in an extreme case. And in these cases, since, the added Fe was always datected to be Fe3O4, Fe3O4 was supposed to promote formation of hard carbon.4) Remarkable effects of Fe addition always accompanied the more reduced state of iron oxide, e.g., FeO or metallic Fe. Therefore, the basic mechaism of the catalytic gasification with metal M (Fe, CO, Ni) was composed, presumably, of the oxygen transfer cycle betwean the oxidation of M with H2O (or CO2) to from MO and H2 (or CO) and the reduction fo Mo with carbon to give back to M and CO; the rate promotion by mixing H2 with H2O (or Co2) was due to the cotribution of reduction of Mo with H2 towards that of Mo with carbon.5) Since iron is relatively cheap as catalyst and recoverable from gasified residue or ash, this iron catalyzed gasification process will be promising practically.
Life Assurance without Medical Examination (1905)

Within quite recent years many schemes of life assurance without medical examination have been brought before the public by different offices, and have on the whole been very well received. No apology, therefore, seems necessary in submitting this paper to a meeting of the Faculty of Actuaries, more especially as, so far as we are aware, the matter has not previously been dealt with by any one. It would be a mistake to look upon our subject merely as one out of many innovations in assurance practice of late years. As every one knows, it belongs to the earliest times of life assurance, though it is only during the last few years that it has again been introduced into the sphere of practical business. While that is so, it must be admitted that the circumstances and conditions under which it existed formerly are very, or even altogether, different from those which have seemed to warrant or necessitate its resuscitation at the present day. To make this as clear as possible, it may be well, in the first place, to trace shortly, as far as it can be done, the origin and history of the medical examination of proposers for life assurance.
Determination of the substantivity of emollients to human hair. (2007)

The determination of silicones and hydrogenated didecenes deposited on human hair from shampoo applications is described. For silicones, induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) of extracts and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of hair strands without any further sample preparation have been applied. Three shampoos from the European and Asian markets have been investigated at repeated shampoo applications followed by the determination of the removability with sodium laureth sulfate. Hydrogenated didecenes have been quantified by GC-MS of extracts. A transparent shampoo containing 1.8% of hydrogenated didecenes delivered via a nanoemulsion was examined in the same way as the commercial shampoos. Finally, the substantivity data were compared with performance data from combability determination and hair volume measurements. Good correlations of analytical data and performance profiles have been obtained.
Acetylenic Ethers. II. Ethoxy- and Butoxy-acetylene (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylenic Ethers. II. Ethoxy- and Butoxy-acetyleneThomas L. Jacobs, Richard Cramer, and John E. HansonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 2, 223–226Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01254a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01254a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A third locus for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia maps to chromosome 12q (1995)

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder which associates epistaxis, mucocutaneous and visceral telangiectases, and recurrent haemorrhage with chronic anaemia and visceral shuntings. Recently, the tumour growth factor (TGF)-beta binding protein endoglin localized to 9q33-34 was identified as responsible for HHT in several large kindreds with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). Additional linkage studies demonstrated that HHT is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with families unlinked to this region of 9q. In the families in which HHT was not linked to chromosome 9, less PAVMs were present. Furthermore, in one of these families, HHT was found linked to 3p22, where the TGF-beta II receptor is located. In this linkage study, we have analysed DNA from two families, in which HHT was unlinked to chromosome 9q and 3p, and PAVMs were absent, with a series of genetic markers on the centromeric region of chromosome 12. Using two-point linkage analysis, a significant lod score of Zmax = 7.86 at theta = 0.05 was obtained with the D12S85 microsatellite marker.
Neuro-Oncology Single-Photon Emission CT: A Current Overview (2011)

There is increasing need for noninvasive biomarkers for glioma treatment-response evaluation and for distinguishing tumor progression and recurrence from treatment-related changes. Here, SPECT, particularly 201 Tl SPECT, plays an important role. SPECT takes advantage of glioma cellular make-up. Specifically, Na/K pump expression, mitochondrial attenuation, and amino acid transporter expression are probed with 201 Tl, 99m Tc-MIBI, and 123 IMT radiotracers respectively. 201 Tl can be used to distinguish brain tumors and nontumors and to determine brain tumor type and grade gliomas. However, it is especially valuable in the detection of tumor recurrence in patients treated with radiation therapy for supratentorial glioma. Similarly, 99m Tc-MIBI can be used to distinguish recurrence from treatment residua. 99m Tc-TF is comparable with 99m Tc-MIBI, and both may allow clear identification of tumor boundaries. 123 IMT appears to be superior to 99m Tc-MIBI in determining tumor recurrence and is particularly promising in detecting LGG recurrence. Additionally, 123 IMT shows promise in treatment planning where there is a survival advantage. LGGs frequently express somatostatin receptors; however, because radiolabeled somatostatin analogs do not cross the BBB and because LGGs frequently do not disturb the BBB, somatostatin-receptor imaging is limited in glioma imaging. Among the non-natural amino acid class, 123 IPA is not preferable to the more established 123 IMT. In summary, most international experience by using SPECT is with 201 Tl; however, other radiotracers are used with good effect in some clinics.
Consideration of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Recycling for Food Use (1995)

The United States used approximately 1.6 billion pounds of PET plastic packaging resins in 1993, with approximately 480 million pounds being recycled. Regulatory and environmental pressures and the need for environmentally sound programs have dictated the need for responsible approaches to recycling. There exist multiple approaches to recycling of PET. This creates complex relationships between establishing suitable recycling technologies and achieving regulatory requirements for food-grade applications. This paper focuses on the interrelationships of the various approaches to generate safe, recycled, food-grade PET and existing or proposed regulatory requirements in the U.S. and Western Europe.
A unified theory of information (1956)

Thesis (Sc.D.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1956.
Chemistry: an industry-based introduction with CD-ROM (2001)

What a great idea-an introductory chemistry text that connects students to the workplace of practicing chemists and chemical technicians! Tying chemistry fundamentals to the reality of industrial life, Chemistry: An Industry-Based Introduction with CD-ROM covers all the basic principles of chemistry including formulas and names, chemical bon
Inherently Workload-Balanced Clustered Microarchitecture (2005)

The performance of clustered microarchitectures relies on steering schemes that try to find the best trade-off between workload balance and inter-cluster communication penalties. In previously proposed clustered processors, reducing communication penalties and balancing the workload are opposite targets, since improving one usually implies a detriment in the other. In this paper we propose a new clustered microarchitecture that can minimize communication penalties without compromising workload balance. The key idea is to arrange the clusters in a ring topology in such a way that results of one cluster can be forwarded to the neighbor cluster with a very short latency. In this way, minimizing communication penalties is favored when the producer of a value and its consumer are placed in adjacent clusters, which also favors workload balance. The proposed microarchitecture is shown to outperform a state-of-the-art clustered processor. For instance, for an 8-cluster configuration and just one fully pipelined unidirectional bus, 15% speedup is achieved on average for FP programs.
540 fs light pulses at 1.5 /spl mu/m with variable repetition rate using a tuneable twin guide laser and soliton compression in a dispersion decreasing fiber (1994)

A novel and simple method to generate ultra short light pulses with variable repetition rate is demonstrated. A wavelength modulated tuneable twin guide laser, emitting blue-chirped light, together with pulse compression in a standard single mode fiber is used to generate light pulses of 3 ps width. Amplification and further compression in a dispersion decreasing fiber leads to Fourier transform limited pulses of 1.87 ps width or to 540 fs pulses with a small pedestal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Space-time metric of functional organization in human peripheral vision (1985)

Study of the temporal characteristics of the visual response requires the spatial variations to be taken into account. The spatial metric of human vision conforms to the ganglion-cell density as a function of eccentricity. Visual acuity, peak spatial frequency sensitivity, and the reciprocal of spatial integration area are all proportional to ganglion-cell density. The temporal metric, on the other hand, shows increasing temporal resolution with eccentricity. When equated for spatial characteristics, temporal resolution, peak temporal frequency sensitivity, and reciprocal integration time all increase by more than a factor of 2 from fovea to far periphery. This result holds for all luminance levels and applies to both cone and rod systems. At high luminance the peak time of the human impulse response may be as short as 20 ms in the far periphery, and it varies by a factor of 1.3 from the central fovea to 1° eccentricity. There is substantial evidence that the temporal and luminance adaptation characteristics for visual detection are determined in the outer segments of the photoreceptors. The dimensions of the outer segments are a possible source of the variation in time constant with eccentricity. The inhibitory component of the temporal response is entirely attributable to spatial lateral inhibition.
Facilitation of Skin Allograft Survival by Blood Leucocyte Extracts (1984)

Fresh and frozen-stored mitochondrial, microsomal, and endoplasmic reticulum extracts of blood leucocytes act as potent alloantigens in human recipients. Similar results were obtained with freshly prepared extracts consisting of mixtures of all cytoplasmic fractions; storage of such mixtures at--20 C, followed by 1-2 hr thawing at 37 C abrogated their capacity to induce allograft sensitivity in 45 of 47 recipients. Donor-specific skin allografts and grafts from other sources exhibited significant attenuations in the tempo and intensity of rejection, ranging from first-set rejection to chronic rejection and/or to prolongations in allograft survival. In contrast with the 66.2% rejection rate of first-set skin grafts at 10 days in 71 normal subjects, only 29% of skin grafts from the leucocyte donor applied to 24 recipients of 0.1 to 9 Transplantation Antigen (T.A.) units of pooled cytoplasmic mixtures were rejected by that time. Only 17.4% similar grafts in 23 recipients of 25 to 515 T.A. units were rejected at 10 days. Seventeen skin grafts placed on recipients of 45 to 140 T.A. units of the same cytoplasmic preparation exhibited a slow rejection characterized by progressive shrinkage and eventual disappearance, with no evidence of hemorrhagic necrosis (chronic skin graft rejection). These results support the possibility that the attenuations in allograft reactivity observed in patients with end-stage renal disease after blood transfusions may be related to the leucocyte components of such transfusions. The capacity of blood transfusions to decrease reactivity to renal allografts in uremic patients maintained on hemodialysis stands in contrast with the ability of such transfusions to sensitize normal human recipients to donor-specific skin allografts. The differential effect may be related to the immunosuppressed state(s) documented in the uremic population, and/or the use of immunosuppressive drug therapy in such patients at the time of transplantation and thereafter.
Low-power, high-speed Sb-based HEMTs and HBTs (2004)

Several recent advances have been made in the development of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in the InAs, AlSb, and GaSb material system. Research has led to the development of the technology to manufacture AlSb/InAs HEMTS on a large scale. Along with this work, improvements have been made in the device operation. The power dissipation of the AlSb/InAs HEMTs has been found to be as little as one fifth that of an InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT operating at equivalent frequencies. An HBT with a p-type InGaSb base with a 0.5 eV bandgap has recently been made. The collector and emitter are made of n-type InAlAsSb alloys. The small bandgap of the base is an important ingredient in developing an HBT that operates at low bias, and therefore low power dissipation.
A transfer RNA<sup>Arg</sup>gene of<i>Pelargonium chloroplasts</i>, but not a 5S RNA gene, is efficiently transcribed after injection into<i>Xenopus</i>oocyte nuclei (1984)

We present the primary structure of a chloroplast tRNAArgACG gene of the plant, Pelargonium zonale, and its faithful expression in Xenopus oocyte nuclei. This tRNAArg gene is located 250 bp downstream of a 5S RNA gene within a cloned 5kb long ribosomal DNA segment (Fig. 1). The Pelargonium tRNAArg gene shares 97% and 86% sequence homology with tRNAArgACG genes of Spirodela oligorhiza and Euglena gracilis chloroplasts, respectively, and also extensive homology (70%) with the corresponding gene of E. coli. It lacks an intervening sequence and, like eukaryotic tRNA genes, does not code for the 3' terminal CCA nucleotides. Moreover, the chloroplast tRNAArg gene carries all the sequence elements essential for transcription by vertebrate RNA polymerase III since it is efficiently expressed in Xenopus oocyte nuclei, even in the presence of 1 microgram/ml alpha-amanitin. In Xenopus oocyte nuclei, no transcripts of the chloroplast 5S RNA gene were detected.
[Tumor vascularization: contribution of Doppler ultrasonography]. (1996)

Our results confirm the wide variability in tumor vascularization and in hemodynamic parameters values in malignant tumors.
Effects of Milrinone on Contractility of the Rat Diaphragm <i>In Vitro</i> (1987)

We studied the effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, milrinone, on isometric force production in the isolated, directly stimulated rat diaphragm. Milrinone (500 micrograms/ml) significantly increased force during twitch stimulation and submaximal tetanic stimulation (p less than 0.05); force during maximal tetanic stimulation was significantly reduced by milrinone (p less than 0.05). The force-augmenting effects of milrinone were not abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin (10(-5)M). Baseline force production decreased when diaphragmatic strips were placed in a calcium-free bathing solution; force potentiation by milrinone, however, persisted in this medium. Pretreatment with milrinone more than doubled the mean time to fatigue (10.8 +/- 1.0 versus 5.1 +/- 0.6 min) during repetitive submaximal stimulation (p less than 0.01). In diaphragmatic strips fatigued by repetitive submaximal stimulation until force production was 60% of baseline, milrinone promptly improved force production; the magnitude of force potentiation after milrinone was quite similar in fresh and fatigued muscle. In conclusion, milrinone enhances diaphragmatic contractility during the most forms of direct stimulation, and delays and reverses diaphragmatic fatigue.
Agile virtualized infrastructure to proactively defend against cyber attacks (2015)

DDoS attacks have been a persistent threat to network availability for many years. Most of the existing mitigation techniques attempt to protect against DDoS by filtering out attack traffic. However, as critical network resources are usually static, adversaries are able to bypass filtering by sending stealthy low traffic from large number of bots that mimic benign traffic behavior. Sophisticated stealthy attacks on critical links can cause a devastating effect such as partitioning domains and networks. In this paper, we propose to defend against DDoS attacks by proactively changing the footprint of critical resources in an unpredictable fashion to invalidate an adversary's knowledge and plan of attack against critical network resources. Our present approach employs virtual networks (VNs) to dynamically reallocate network resources using VN placement and offers constant VN migration to new resources. Our approach has two components: (1) a correct-by-construction VN migration planning that significantly increases the uncertainty about critical links of multiple VNs while preserving the VN placement properties, and (2) an efficient VN migration mechanism that identifies the appropriate configuration sequence to enable node migration while maintaining the network integrity (e.g., avoiding session disconnection). We formulate and implement this framework using SMT logic. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our implemented framework on both PlanetLab and Mininet-based experimentations.
Genotoxicity of methyl parathion in short‐term bacterial test systems (1984)

Genotoxicity of the insecticide methyl parathion was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacterial test systems for the detection of back mutations and DNA-damage. Methyl parathion was mutagenic to S. typhimurium strain TA100 after activation with rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes. In DNA repair tests, methyl parathion was effective in inducing damage to the S. typhimurium strain TA1538 which lack excision repair compared to the strain TA1978 which is proficient in excision repair mechanisms. Normal laboratory light conditions had no effect on the mutagenicity tests, however, exposure of methyl parathion in the petri dish containing the tester strain TA100 and rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes reduced the mutagenic activity and increased the toxic effects of methyl parathion.
(R)-5-[(1R,2R)-1-Ethyl-2- (4-oxocyclohexyl)butyl]oxepan-2-one, an Enantiopure ‘Pseudosteroid′ (2006)

The title compound C 18 H 30 O 3 represents an optically pure member of a class of ‘pseudosteroids’, i. e. perhydrostilbene derivatives which mimic steroidal androgens (in the way like hexestrols or stilbestrols serve to substitute natural estrogens). The molecule 2 is characterized by three consecutive chiral centers leading to eight possible stereoisomers including four diastereomers. All enantiomers have been separated and their biological profile has been determined. As the result of the crystal structure presented here the two symmetry independent molecules display the configuration R,R,R at the centers of chirality.
Optimal velocity model inversion from analysis of paraxial wave‐equation focusing spots (1991)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991Optimal velocity model inversion from analysis of paraxial wave‐equation focusing spotsAuthors: Carey BunksCarey BunksTOTAL CFP, Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888710 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888710FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1991 Pages: 1646 publication data© 1991 Copyright © 1991 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Carey Bunks, (1991), "Optimal velocity model inversion from analysis of paraxial wave‐equation focusing spots," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1226-1229. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888710 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...