gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fracture threshold for an adhesive interlayer (1970)

Abstract Complementing an earlier paper which utilized an energy balance criterion for a continuum mechanics analysis of adhesive failure in a pressurized blister at the interface of an elastic material and a rigid substrate, the analysis is extended to include an additional elastic interlayer between them. An infinite lateral‐length elastic plate strip bonded through a Winkler elastic foundation to a rigid substrate is assumed, in which the plate is separated from the adhesive layer by internal pressure. It is found that the important design parameters are the tensile modulus‐to‐thickness ratio of the adhesive layer and the adhesive fracture energy of separation of the respective materials. The results provide a basis for investigating changes in the chemical microstructure of the adhesive.
Amplitude modulation of diode laser light in millimeter-wave region (1968)

Spectrum change of diode laser output light by millimeter-wave amplitude modulation is observed. The spectrum consisting of the sideband by modulation showed apparent dependence on the resonance condition of the diode dimensions. A spectrum of less than 50 GHz modulation is observed when the diode dimensions are well designed.
Vacuum Tube Scaling Circuit (1941)

A scaling circuit is described in which certain desirable characteristics are obtained by applying the tripping impulses to the cathodes of the scaling tubes. The circuit is a scale-of-sixteen type employing hard tubes with no interstage coupling.
Magnetization reversal by superconducting current in φ Josephson junctions (2017)

We study magnetization reversal in a φ0 Josephson junction with direct coupling between magnetic moment and Josephson current. Our simulations of magnetic moment dynamics show that by applying an electric current pulse, we can realize the full magnetization reversal. We propose different protocols of full magnetization reversal based on the variation of the Josephson junction and pulse parameters, particularly, electric current pulse amplitude, damping of magnetization, and spin-orbit interaction. We discuss experiments that can probe the magnetization reversal in φ0-junctions.
Teaching Time: Distance Education Versus Classroom Instruction (2004)

This study presents time-and-task records of faculty and teaching assistants' time for comparable computer-aided design courses at two state universities in the midwestern United States. One course was taught at a distance and the other course was a conventional face-to-face course. Results indicate a distance course takes less time to teach than a traditional classroom course, if student enrollment and assessment procedures are not included in analysis. When analyzed on a per-student basis, both faculty and teaching assistant time was higher for the distance course.
<p>Green Printing: Colorimetric and Densitometric Analysis of Solvent-based and Vegetable Oil-based Inks of Multicolor Offset Printing</p> (2009)

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the measurable print attributes (Print Contrast and Dot Gain) and color gamut of solvent-based (SB) inks vs. vegetable oil-based (VO) inks of multicolor offset printing. The literature review revealed a lack of published research on this subject. VO inks tend to perform (color reproduction) better than petroleum inks; in recent years many printers have come to prefer using VO inks. This research adopted an experimental research method. The experiment was conducted in a computer to plate (CTP) based workflow. During the printing, once the density values met the standard (GRACoL) ink density values, the press was run continuously without operator interference and 1,000 sheets were printed, from which 278 were randomly selected for colorimetric and densitometric analysis. The color gamuts of both inks were derived by using colorimetric data. The comparison of SB inks to VO inks led to the conclusion that the latter provides a greater color gamut. VO inks offer greater color perception in printed images. The densitometric findings make it difficult to draw conclusions about print contrast, as each of the inks had statistically significant higher levels of print contrast for two of the four ink colors. Further study is needed to control the variables.
Game patterns: patterns for game programming (2010)

This paper presents an initial catalog of design patterns for electronic games, that aims at the dissemination, usage and encouraging the collection of new patterns enabling a greater professionalism to game development. Patterns can be used to build 2D/3D games, specialized engines, and frameworks, focusing mainly on issues of structure, organization, user interface, management and optimization. Patterns can be classified in two ways: first categorization based on the types of problems they solve, such as: Structuring, Functioning and Management. The second is based on the necessary experience for its perception, in other words, we have categories of patterns: Newbies Developers and Experienced Programmers.
Revascularization treatment in patients with coronary artery disease. (2008)

The choice of optimal revascularization strategy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is becoming more challenging lately, due to recent advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). On one hand, drug-eluting stents (DES) have emerged as a solution to the problem of restenosis after balloon angioplasty or bare-metal stent implantation, which was responsible for a higher rate of events (mainly repeat revascularization) in relation to CABG. On the other hand, off-pump bypass techniques and minimally invasive grafting of the left anterior descending artery appear to be safe and efficacious alternatives to traditional, on-pump CABG. Available literature includes studies outdated by current technologies, leaving the dilemma of best revascularization strategy unanswered in the general CAD population, but also in high-risk groups, such as diabetics and patients with chronic kidney disease. A number of ongoing trials, especially designed for this purpose, are set to end the debate, providing headto- head comparisons between DES-assisted PCI and contemporary bypass surgery.
Cancer Imaging with CEA Antibodies: Historical and Current Perspectives (1992)

This article reviews the history and status of cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Although CEA and many other cancer-associated antigens are not distinct for neoplasia, the quantitative increase of these markers in malignant tissues provides a sufficient differential for selective antibody targeting. Animal studies with xenografted human tumors provided the first evidence of the prospects of this technology, followed by initial clinical success with purified goat whole IgG antibodies to CEA, labeled with 131I and with the use of dual-isotope subtraction methods. Subsequently, improved and earlier imaging could be accomplished with monoclonal antibody fragments, which then would permit the use of shorter-lived radionuclides, such as 111In, 123I, and 99mTc. The preferred use of a monoclonal anti-CEA IgG Fab' fragment, labeled with 99mTc by a recently developed, simple and rapid kit, has enabled the detection of small lesions, including those in the liver, within 4 h of injection. By means of SPECT imaging, a high sensitivity and specificity for RAID could be achieved.
Targeting Bcl-2 in Herceptin-Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2011)

Acquired resistance to Herceptin is a major clinical problem in the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to resistance will allow identification of novel therapeutic targets and predictors of therapeutic response. To this end, up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins has been associated with resistance to the HER2-targeted drug lapatinib, but has not yet been linked to Herceptin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine if the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein is a potential therapeutic target in cells with acquired Herceptin resistance. The BT474 HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line and BT474-derived acquired Herceptin-resistant clones were used as models in this study. Bcl-2 and Bax expression were assessed by Western blotting. Proliferation assays were performed on cells treated with the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 in the absence or presence of Herceptin. Finally, the effect of PI3K inhibition or IKK inhibition on Bcl-2 expression and Herceptin sensitivity was examined by Western blotting and established proliferation assays. We show that cells with acquired resistance to Herceptin have an increased Bcl-2:Bax ratio. Resistant cells have increased sensitivity to ABT-737. Further, pharmacologic inhibition of Bcl-2 improved sensitivity to Herceptin in acquired resistant cells. Finally, PI3K and IKK inhibition down-regulated Bcl-2 expression and increased sensitivity to Herceptin in resistant cells. Taken together, these new observations support further study of Bcl-2-targeted therapies in Herceptin-resistant breast cancers, and importantly, future investigation of Bcl-2 expression as a potential predictor of Herceptin response in patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Artificial Analogs of Naturally Occurring Tumor Promoters as Biochemical Tools and Therapeutic Leads (2012)

Tumor promoters are non-carcinogenic chemicals that enhance tumor formation when administered repeatedly after a low dose of a carcinogen. Phorbol esters, teleocidins, and aplysiatoxins are typical examples of naturally occurring tumor promoters. All of them share the ability to bind and activate protein kinase C (PKC) despite the differences in their chemical structures. A variety of analogs with unique chemical and biological properties have been developed to analyze the molecular mechanism of tumor promotion through PKC activation. Moreover, coupled with the emerging significance of PKC in the pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as well as cancer, several efforts have been made recently to generate analogs of tumor promoters with therapeutic potential. This review focuses on artificial analogs of phorbol esters, teleocidins, and aplysiatoxins, and discusses their potential as biochemical tools and therapeutic leads.
Iodomethylation of Chiral α-Amino Aldehydes by Means of Samarium/Diiodomethane. Application to the Synthesis of Various Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (1997)

Chiral iodohydrins 2 have been obtained from α-amino aldehydes 1 and Sm/CH2I2. Treatment of compound 2 with acetic anhydride, NaH, or AgBF4 affords, with high diastereoselectivity, O-protected 3-(dibenzylamino)-1-iodoalkan-2-ol 3, amino epoxides 4, or azetidinium salts 5, respectively. The synthesis of enantiomerically pure allylamines 6 is also described by metallation of 3 with zinc. The reaction of α-amino aldehydes 1 with Sm/CH2I2 and further treatment with organocuprates affords chiral amino alcohols 7 in a one-pot process.
Cyclosporin in childhood psoriasis (2003)

Cyclosporin is known to be highly effective in the treatment of psoriasis in adults. It has also proved effective and well tolerated in the treatment of severe childhood atopic dermatitis. Psoriasis in childhood is relatively unusual but by no means rare and on occasions the disease can be very difficult to control in this age group. The use of cyclosporin for psoriasis in childhood has received scarcely any attention and in the few cases that have been reported the results have been inconsistent. Three children aged from 7 to 11 years with severe psoriasis resistant to topical agents were treated with cyclosporin. The highest dose required was 3.5 mg/kg per day. The duration of treatment ranged from 6 weeks to 4 months. Cyclosporin was effective and generally well tolerated. Treatment was interrupted in one case due to nausea and diarrhoea. None of the patients developed hypertension or renal impairment. The potential role of cyclosporin in severe childhood psoriasis is discussed.
Hodepine etter spinalpunksjon (2012)

Headache frequently occurs after lumbar puncture. There is substantial evidence for recommending the use of a thin, atraumatic needle to reduce the incidence. For practical reasons, a needle thinner than 22 G is not suitable for diagnostic lumbar puncture.
Thermal comparison of plate, extrusion heat sink, and skive heat sink (2002)

Due to the high power dissipation values of power amplifiers, large temperature gradients exist, resulting in localized hot spots around the devices. These hot spots cause high device junction temperatures. Generally speaking, the higher junction temperature increases, the lower reliability will be. Thus, improving the heat spreading is very important. Several methods can be used to improve heat spreading. Skiving is a process of cutting off in thin layers or paring. Skiving is a high throughput manufacturing process that produces high surface area heat sinks at low cost. The entire extruded material is skived and then the heat sinks are cut to the desired length. The high process throughput results in low cost. In quantities of 1000 units, a 100 mm/spl times/70 mm/spl times/25 mm heat sink costs approximately $3.50. A detailed comparison demonstrates the heat absorption capability of using aluminum plate, aluminum plate with skive heat sink, and extrusion heat sink under laminar flow (free convection) and turbulent flow (forced convection) environments. Two CFD thermal analysis software packages (Icepak and Flotherm) are used to compare experimental results.
Three-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing transceiver module assembled without an adjustment process (1986)

To introduce wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission technology into fiber-optic subscriber systems, the multi/demultiplexer used must be compact, inexpensive, and highly reliable in addition to having low loss. However, few studies have been made with regard to these factors.1-3 The most important of these factors is cost. It is especially important to simplify and automate the assembly process, since assembly cost accounts for a considerable portion of the total cost. This paper proposes a new technology for assembling WDM transceiver modules that does not require an adjustment process.
Preparation of Functionalized Nanofibers and Their Applications (2010)

Recently, nano-scaled materials have been investigated with amazing increased interest due to their many advantages, such as large surface area and many active surface sites. Among different nano-scaled materials, nanofibers have been widely applied in industry due to the ease in production processes compared to other nano-materials. Nanofibers can be identified as fibers having diameters between tens and hundreds of nanometers. This nanoscaled diameter of fibers can give an enormous surface area per unit mass. Nanofibers are usually fabricated by the electrospinning method as a non-woven mat. Nonwoven fabrics are textile materials consisting of randomly oriented fibers connected together by physical entanglements or bonds between individual fibers, without any knitting or stitching. These non-woven nanofibers are the primary alternative for traditional textiles as filtration media, energy storage media, hygienic and health/personal care textiles, thermal and sound insulating materials, ecological materials, building materials, geo-textiles and automotive textiles.
A decision-aided adaptive equalizer with simplified implementation (2003)

A design for adaptive equalizers is proposed, in which the computational complexity involved is significantly less than that of conventional adaptive equalizers because almost all the multiplication operations involved in the latter are replaced by addition operations in the former. The key point is that by taking intermediate decisions from the received signal and using these decisions with finite possible values rather than the received signal samples to calculate the equalized signal and to adjust the equalizer tap coefficients, multiplication can effectively be replaced by addition. The discussion is based BPSK (bipolar phase-shift-keyed) modulation but can be easily extended to other modulation schemes. For example, there is only one thing to be modified for QPSK-complex values instead of real quantities in signal and tap coefficients must be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The number of least degrees of freedom required for a polarization controller to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincaré sphere (2008)

Using two typical types of polarization controller, this paper analyses theoretically and experimentally the fact that it is necessary to adjust at least three instead of two waveplates in order to transform any state of polarization to any other output covering the entire Poincaré sphere. The experimental results are exactly in accordance with the theory discussed in this paper. It has corrected the conventional and inaccurate point of view that two waveplates of a polarization controller are adequate to complete the transformation of state of polarization.
A FAULT-TOLERANT APPROACH TO SENSOR DEPLOYMENT IN DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS (2002)

Distributed sensor networks (DSNs) are a key part of the surveillance and reconnaissance infrastructure in any modern military system. DSNs offer several important benefits, such as ease of deployment, responsiveness to battlefield situations, survivability, agility and easy sustainability. These benefits make DSNs a lethal weapon for the US army, providing it with high quality of surveillance, and reconnaissance data necessary for any combat operation. The effectiveness or quality of service (QOS) provided by any DSN depends on the coverage provided by the sensor deployment strategy. In this paper, we present novel fault-tolerant strategies for sensor deployment that provide sufficient coverage under the constraint that up to K (K ≥ 0) sensors can fail. Sensor placement is essential for effective utilization of sensor network resources. Intelligent sensor placement facilitates the unified design and operation of sensor/exploitation systems, and decreases the need for excessive network communication for surveillance, target location and tracking. In a typical scenario, surveillance authorities have several different types of sensors available, which can be appropriately placed in the sensor field. These sensors differ from each other in their modalities, monitoring range, detection capabilities, and cost. Intelligent sensor deployment strategies are necessary to minimize cost and yet provide sufficient sensor coverage. A sensor deployment strategy should also be inherently fault-tolerant to make it effective. It is clearly not feasible to continuously monitor sensor status and identify failing sensors over an extended period of time. Sensors often operate in hostile conditions under severe resource constraints, and it is desirable to limit communication to useful target detection, localization, and tracking data. Therefore, the initial sensor deployment strategy must ensure that the quality of service, i.e. coverage, does not degrade due to the failure of sensors
Bedside Insertion of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in The Intensive Care Unit (2001)

Our results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of IVCF insertion at the bedside in the ICU. This method offers less resource use and more safety for critically ill patients, avoiding the hazards of intrahospital transport.
Boron-11 NMR spectra of boranes, main-group heteroboranes, and substituted derivatives. Factors influencing chemical shifts of skeletal atoms (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-11 NMR spectra of boranes, main-group heteroboranes, and substituted derivatives. Factors influencing chemical shifts of skeletal atomsStanislav HermanekCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 2, 325–362Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00010a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00010a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8250Altmetric-Citations344LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory Studies on the Effects of Shear on Fish (2000)

The overall objective of our studies was to specify an index describing the hydraulic force that fish experience when subjected to a shear environment. Fluid shear is a phenomenon that is important to fish. However, elevated levels of shear may result in strain rates that injure or kill fish. At hydroelectric generating facilities, concerns have been expressed that strain rates associated with passage through turbines, spillways, and fish bypass systems may adversely affect migrating fish. Development of fish friendly hydroelectric turbines requires knowledge of the physical forces (injury mechanisms) that impact entrained fish and the fish's tolerance to these forces. It requires up-front, pre-design specifications for the environmental conditions that occur within the turbine system, in other words, determining or assuming that those conditions known to injure fish will provide the descriptions of conditions that engineers must consider in the design of a turbine system. These biological specifications must be carefully and thoroughly documented throughout the design of a fish friendly turbine. To address the development of biological specifications, we designed and built a test facility where juvenile fish could be subjected to a range of shear environments and quantified their biological response.
Immunoprecipitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 glycoproteins by sera positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1990)

Analysis by radioimmunoprecipitation of serum samples from 27 different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals residing in Chile showed that the sera of 26% of these individuals also react with glycoprotein gp125 of HIV type 2 (HIV-2). This cross-reaction seems to reflect a qualitative difference among infected individuals, because the titer of antibodies against gp120 of HIV-1 in the cross-reacting samples did not differ significantly from that in the non-cross-reacting samples. Most of the HIV-1-seropositive sera, including many that did not react with gp125 of HIV-2, reacted with gp140, the precursor of HIV-2 glycoproteins. The observed cross-reactions allowed us to distinguish three groups of HIV-1-infected individuals: (i) those whose sera react with both gp140 and gp125, (ii) those whose sera react with gp140, and (iii) those whose sera react with neither of these glycoproteins. The possible cause and significance of these differences is under study.