gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and removal using a membrane bioreactor (2006)

Much attention has recently been devoted to the life and behaviour of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle. In this study the behaviour of several pharmaceutical products in different therapeutic categories (analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid regulators, antibiotics, etc.) was monitored during treatment of wastewater in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results were compared with removal in a conventional activated-sludge (CAS) process in a wastewater-treatment facility. The performance of an MBR was monitored for approximately two months to investigate the long-term operational stability of the system and possible effects of solids retention time on the efficiency of removal of target compounds. Pharmaceuticals were, in general, removed to a greater extent by the MBR integrated system than during the CAS process. For most of the compounds investigated the performance of MBR treatment was better (removal rates >80%) and effluent concentrations of, e.g., diclofenac, ketoprofen, ranitidine, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, pravastatin, and ofloxacin were steadier than for the conventional system. Occasionally removal efficiency was very similar, and high, for both treatments (e.g. for ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, paroxetine, and hydrochlorothiazide). The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine was the most persistent pharmaceutical and it passed through both the MBR and CAS systems untransformed. Because there was no washout of biomass from the reactor, high-quality effluent in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium content (N-NH(4)), total suspended solids (TSS), and total organic carbon (TOC) was obtained.
数学建模和计算建模在自然科学、社会科学、工程和艺术中的应用 (2016)

本书阐明数学建模和计算建模在各个学科中的应用。本书的重点在于说明数学建模和计算建模具有跨学科的性质，各章的作者都是自然和社会科学、工程学和艺术等领域的国际级专家，为读者提供当代在发展数学建模和计算机实验的方法论方面的丰富的成果。本书也是关于应用数学和计算数学的方法、思想和工具等方面很有价值的导引书，借助这些方面的知识来解决自然科学、社会科学、工程和技术等方面的问题。
Performance Prediction of a Network-Centric Warfare System (2000)

When a system consisting of sub-systems is used for a time critical mission, the delays associated with the network connecting these sub-systems may play a critical role in battle management. Consequently, the combined models must be able to represent the network delay properly. In this paper, the architecture of a system is layered into two levels: a functional layer and a physical layer. Both architectural layers are developed as executable models: the functional executable model in a Colored Petri net and the physical executable model in a queueing net. Both layered executable models are synthesized to develop a performance prediction model. The message-passing pattern is generated from the Petri net using a state space analysis technique. Then, the queueing net model processes these messages preserving the message-passing pattern. Once the network delays are measured, the delay values are inserted into the Petri net model. The example in this paper shows how a small network delay in a C3 system affects the outcome of a time critical mission. It also illustrates design choices and how to develop tactics to resolve the tolerance of the network delays. 1 Problem Definition in a Network-Centric Warfare System Many of the Command, Control, and Communication (C3) systems in the real world are supported by a common network or a network of networks. The concepts of “speed of command ” and “self-synchronization ” based on the Network-Centric Warfare formulation
Using Edible Coating to Enhance Nutritional and Sensory Qualities of Baby Carrots (2002)

ABSTRACT: Xanthan gum coating was used to carry 5% Gluconal Cal, a mixture of calcium lactate and gluconate, and 0.2%α‐tocopheral acetate (vitamin E) by weight, respectively. Peeled baby carrots were dipped in the coating solutions, dried, and then stored at 2 °C and 85% relative humidity for up to 3 wk. Calcium and vitamin E contents of the coated samples, per serving (85g), increased from 2.6% to 6.6%, and from 0 to about 67% of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) values respectively. Edible coatings (p < 0.05) improved the desirable surface color of carrots without effects (p < 0.05) on the taste, texture, and fresh aroma and flavor except for a slightly slippery surface. The β‐carotene level in the baby carrots (p < 0.05) was not affected by edible coating.
A rapid D-dimer assay in patients presenting at the emergency room with suspected acute venous thrombosis: accuracy and relation to clinical variables. (2001)

Our results show that previous or concomitant heparin administration, non-acute symptoms and thrombosis localized to superficial veins reduce the clinical usefulness of the D-dimer test as the rate of false negative results is increased.
Evaluation of Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) from Georgia as Vectors of a Florida Strain of the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (1995)

The ability of three common tick species from Georgia to maintain and transmit the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, was compared under laboratory conditions. A B. burgdorferi cotton rat isolate (MI-6) from Florida was selected as a strain from the south, and the SH2-82 isolate from New York was used as a positive control. Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) did not transmit the MI-6 isolate from inoculated hamsters to naive laboratory mice, and nymphal ticks did not maintain this isolate transstadially. Ixodes scapularis Say transmitted both isolates to laboratory mice. There was a significant difference in the percentage of transmission of the two isolates. I. scapularis also transmitted the MI-6 isolate to two of three cotton rats. This study adds support to the premise that I. scapularis is probably the main tick vector of B. burgdorferi in the southeastern United States.
The Inner Warrior (2004)

You're sitting in the boardroom, you've got butterflies in your stomach and you feel as if you're on the edge of a precipice. You want to say something but you don't know whether you're going to fall to the bottom and crash and die or whether you're going to be an authentic person and fly. You know many in the room will agree with you because when you broke earlier for coffee they told you so. But in the room you're convinced that nobody will follow your lead or be there to save you if you fall. But, heart in mouth, you take the leap and you fly. As a result, you feel like a hero!KeywordsRelational SkillAuthentic PersonCoffee MachineComfortable LifeResponse AccommodateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Megahertz-range Longitudinal Guided Waves Transduction and Experiments in Steel Strands Using Magnetostrictive Sensor (2011)

The conventional magnetostrictive sensor(MsS) employs a hard sensing coil which is made by winding electrical wires onto a plastic bobbin.The conventional MsS is hard to apply for practical inspections due to the wire winding is very time-consuming and it must be installed to the seven-wire steel strand via free ends.Meanwhile,a hard coil-based MsS is difficult to have a central frequency in megahertz-range with a higher accuracy in defects detection.An innovative flexible printed meander coil(FPMC)-based MsS is presented for exciting megahertz-range longitudinal guided waves in seven-wire steel strands.The FPMC employs optimal structural parameters after analyzing the work principle of the multi-group coils configuration,and it has 36 groups of coils which can increase the excited and received guided waves energy based on superposition principle.It can be wrapped onto the twisted surface of the strands.Therefore,this FPMC-based MsS is potential to be applied for in situ inspection.The obtained experimental results verify the proposed FPMC-based MsS can excite and receive megahertz-range longitudinal guided waves in seven-wire steel strands,having a central frequency of 1.20 MHz.In the excited guided waves,L(0,1) and L(0,3) mode are the dominated components.The proposed method provides a certain foundation for the megahertz-range MsS design.
Radioprotectants: pharmacology and clinical applications of amifostine. (1998)

Amifostine (Ethyol, ALZA Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA/US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA) is a phosphorylated cysteamine derivative that was originally developed by the US Army Walter Reed Institute (Washington, DC) as a radioprotectant. Amifostine, a prodrug, is metabolized by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase to an active sulfhydryl compound (WR-1065) capable of scavenging radiation-generated free radicals and preventing cell damage. The disulfides of WR-1065 are structurally analogous to endogenous polyamines, which can bind to DNA molecules and stabilize them in a compact form less vulnerable to damage by cytotoxic agents. Preclinical and clinical studies show that amifostine is a selective radioprotectant that reduces both early and late radiation-induced toxicities to normal tissues while leaving tumor cells exposed to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. Preclinical data indicate that amifostine could reduce the risk of secondary cancers caused by radiation and certain forms of chemotherapy.
A plastic-BaF$_2$ phoswich telescope for charged/neutral particle and photon detection (1996)

BaF/sub 2/ has become a very versatile scintillator for particle and photon detection commonly applied in medium and high energy physics experiments. The intrinsic properties allow particle identification via time-of-flight, /spl Delta/E-E and pulse-shape techniques. A new NE102A-BaF/sub 2/ phoswich detector using the standard TAPS crystals has been tested at relativistic energies. The drastically improved particle identification and first results obtained with a large annular forward wall consisting of 120 phoswich modules with 15 mm NE102A attached to the BaF/sub 2/-crystal will be discussed in detail.
INDAPSON: An incentive data plan sharing system based on self-organizing network (2014)

The contradiction between dynamic user traffic and fixed data plans has drawn increasing attention in the field of mobile applications. In this paper we build a data plan sharing system named INDAPSON to consider a scenario where some smartphone users have surplus data traffic and are willing to help others download data. Virtual credits can be gained as reward, which can be used to ask for future help in downloading. To realize this model, we make the following contributions: 1) A dynamic self-organization strategy to adapt to mobile terminals; 2) An incentive mechanism named RAP to encourage participation; 3) Power-saving strategies to reduce power consumption. The main advantage of our system is that users gain improvement in download rate while being able to convert their surplus data traffic to virtual credits. The results of experiment and simulation show that users in our system can manage their surplus data plan more efficiently while a highspeed download rate can be achieved.
Potassium Channel Blockers: Could They Work in Alzheimer Disease? (1991)

Many of the actions of potassium channel blockers, such as 4-aminopyridine, appear to complement the deficits in Alzheimer disease. The two clinical studies in the literature are contradictory, so potassium channel blockers may still merit trial in Alzheimer disease.
Synergetic recognition and separation of kelthane and pyridaben base on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres (2016)

We present novel magnetic composite nanospheres for the preparation of a nanoiron oxide/carbon dots/β-cyclodextrin/molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective solid-phase extraction kelthane and pyridaben from vegetables. The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized on the surface of nano-iron oxide/carbon dots via a chemical polymerization procedure, where kelthane-β-cyclodextrin and pyridaben-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were used as template molecules, and their adsorption behavior was investigated in detail. Characterization analysis and binding experiments revealed that magnetic composite nanospheres had outstanding magnetic properties, a large adsorption capacity, and high competitive selectivity for kelthane and pyridaben. The magnetic composite nanospheres were employed as an adsorbent in solid-phase extraction for the determination of kelthane and pyridaben in vegetable samples. The recoveries of kelthane and pyridaben were 92.8-105.2 and 94.4-104.6%, respectively.
Submarine High Voltage Power Transmission: Challenges and Opportunities (2013)

Abstract Seabed equipment is at times deployed to do work on, or add energy to, produced fluids to improve or ensure sustained flow when natural reservoir pressure declines. This hardware includes subsea pumps and compressors. The power required to create a meaningful impact on production with these systems is generally substantial, i.e. several thousand horsepower or more. The power supplied to a fluid is hydraulic and is accommodated through application of rotating machinery (subsea pumps/compressors). This machinery converts electric power into rotational power through an electric motor, which then turns the shaft of the pump/compressor to do the work. Electric power to the subsea equipment from the source is generally transmitted via subsea power cables operating at 50/60 Hz. However, as distance and power levels become ever greater, stable AC power transmission becomes challenging due to excessive reactive power demand within the transmission cables. What follows is a discussion of the present and anticipated, future power demands associated with subsea pumping and compression systems and the technical issues associated with conventional long distance, high power AC transmission for these applications. Distribution system topology and technology limits will be discussed to address more complex subsea configurations. Furthermore, the focus of submarine cable applications will be limited to Subsea Tiebacks to streamline the subject matter and manage document length. Finally, solutions (opportunities) are proposed to address the range of issues presented. Solutions include high voltage, low frequency power transmission and high voltage DC power transmission. Reference is also made to this year's Subsea Processing Poster, developed by INTECSEA and published by Offshore Magazine (March 2013). In particular, Graph 4 - Subsea Power Transmission is briefly described to reinforce the aforementioned subject matter and afford readers a fuller understanding of the range and depth of information embedded within the graphic. Introduction: A Brief History of Submarine Cable Applications Early Uses Submarine power cables have been around for more than a century and their application has evolved over the years. Early in life, submarine power cables were used to supply isolated offshore facilities such as lighthouses, infirmary ships, etc. As submarine power cable technology evolved, cables were used to link shore-based power grids across bays, estuaries, rivers, straits [1]. Present Day Uses Today, submarine cables are used in a variety of applications, including:Carrying power between countries or to remote locationsCarrying power and communications to offshore installations, e.g. oil/gas platforms and ocean science observatories;Transferring power from offshore renewable energy schemes to shore, e.g. wind, wave and tidal systems. With growing reliance on offshore-based renewable energy schemes, many countries now class submarine power cables as critical infrastructure.
Unlicensed cognitive sharing of TV spectrum: the controversy at the Federal Communications Commission (2005)

As societies become increasingly mobile and more dependent on information technologies, their radio spectrum also needs change. The basic spectrum management structure in all countries was developed over a long period, and much of the basic framework has remained stable for decades. The FCC is interested in making more spectrum available to unlicensed devices because of the explosive growth of IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi unlicensed wireless LAN technology, and because the FCC recognizes that there is a great deal of "white space" that could be exploited by unlicensed devices. The FCC proposal selected the TV bands as an initial home for cognitive radio based on several factors. First, the frequencies used for TV can give greater range in rural areas than the microwave frequencies used for Wi-Fi, and can also give better building penetration than Wi-Fi in all areas. Second, TV broadcast systems usually use high antennas, and the intended receivers need greater than 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to function. A variety of controversial issues have emerged from public comments. One concern is that the confusion resulting from the proposal might discourage purchase of new digital televisions and hence delay the transition from analog to digital televisions. This would also delay the transfer of some current TV spectrum to new mobile uses, including public safety.
Computationally efficient version of the decision feedback equalizer (1999)

We propose a computationally efficient version of the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and compare its performance with the conventional DFE. The proposed equalizer requires fewer taps than the conventional one. This reduces the computational load proportionally and leads to faster adaptation. Identical performance of the two structures in terms of probability of error is also demonstrated using both theoretical and simulation results.
Mycoplasma bovis induces apoptosis of bovine lymphocytes (2002)

We report Mycoplasma bovis induces apoptotic death of bovine lymphocytes. Using flow cytometry analyzed propidium iodide inclusion we observed a loss in viable lymphocytes upon incubation of freshly isolated bovine PBMCs with M. bovis. The use of annexin V staining as well as TUNEL assays corroborated these findings. In addition, these assays indicated that the M. bovis induced lymphocyte death is apoptotic in nature. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the prokaryotic protein production inhibitor chloramphenicol inhibited lymphocyte death induced by M. bovis, showing that M. bovis protein production is necessary for the induction of lymphocyte death, and that the death is not dependent upon the addition of apoptotic inducers as shown with other mycoplasmas. We also show that M. bovis is different from other bovine mycoplasmas (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic) with regards to this characteristic.
International Applications of AT&T's Intelligent Network Platforms (1991)

On November 7, 1988 the Digital Derived Services Network (DDSN) in the United Kingdom began providing switch-based Freephone service to British Telecom's (BT) customers. On January 29, 1990, advanced Freephone services were first offered to BT's customers. With the deployment of DDSN in the U. K., AT&T became the first equipment vendor to implement an intelligent network (IN) outside its base country. In addition to DDSN, in 1990 AT&T installed an IN in Spain, and is currently installing another in Italy. AT&T's experience with its international customers has encouraged developing a platform to address international IN needs. This paper discusses the critical components of this platform, and describes the IN architecture and operations systems of the British, Spanish, and Italian networks. It also presents a strategy for evolving these networks in a world of new and evolving services and standards.
2007년 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 과학과 교과서 개발에 대한 과학교사들의 인식과 요구 (2008)

본 연구의 목적은 차기 중학교 과학 교과서 개발에 관한 교사들의 교과서 선정경함과 새교과서 개발에 대한 요구내용을 조사․분석하는 데 있다. 자료 수집을 위해, 차기 중학교 과학 교과서에 대한 설문지를 개발하였으며, 144명의 중학교 과학교사들을 대상으로 설문 자료를 수집하였고, 응답빈도 분석을 통해, 교사들의 경험과 요구에 대한 인식을 알아보았다. 분석 결과, 교사들은 교과서를 선정할 때 대체로 교과서의 내적 체제 측면보다는 외적 체제 측면에 관심이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 학습자의 입장에서 개념 정리와 요약이 잘된 형태의 교과서를 원하고 있으며, 학습과정에서 학생들이 배워야 할 중심 내용이 쉽게 파악될 수 있는 체계적인 구성을 원하고 있었다. 전체 쪽수와 판형에 대해서도 대체로 늘어날 것을 원하고 있지만 전체적인 학습 분량에 대해서는 현행대로 유지하지만 상세한 설명 등은 추가될 것을 원하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Fast automatic classification in extremely large da ta sets: the RANK approach (2009)

This paper presents VADIS’s built-in RANK solution to cope with very large classification problems. This software embeds and automates many important tasks that must be done to provide a good solution for predictive modeling projects, especially when many variables and many lines are present in the data set. This software is not an open toolbox like many other data mining tools. On the contrary it is built to implement a very strict methodology which combining Machine Learning and Statistical Inference theory. On this KDD Cup problem, RANK is particularly at ease: it was possible to build a model for each of the three tasks in a few hours. Then the team spent some days to improve the expected prediction quality using the 10 % test set evaluation of the KDD cup submission process. We have worked 7 man-days to gain just a fraction of the initial quality, allowing being in the top winners, but at a cost that is economically not justified.
Testing for Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (1998)

In a recent article, Zhang and Hoffman discuss the use of discrete choice logit models in sociological research. In the present article, the authors estimate a multinomial logit model of U.K. Magistrates Courts sentencing using a data set collected by the National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders (NACRO) and test the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property using six tests. Conducting the tests with the appropriate large sample critical values, the authors find that the acceptance or rejection of IIA depends both on which test and which variant of a given test is used. The authors then use simulation techniques to assess the size and power performance of the tests. The empirical example is revisited with the inferences performed using empirical critical values obtained by simulation, and the resultant inferences are compared. The results show that empirical workers should exercise caution when testing for IIA.
Analgesics. II. A New Synthesis of Aminophthalidylalkanes (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalgesics. II. A New Synthesis of AminophthalidylalkanesGlenn E. Ullyot, Herbert W. Taylor Jr., and Norman DawsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 2, 542–545Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01182a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01182a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts