gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of HF channel simulators (1996)

Simulation is a vital tool in the development of communications modems, channel sounding and evaluation systems, radio control systems, etc. It enables testing under a variety of controlled conditions and avoids the expense of on-air tests. However, for meaningful exchange of performance information between cooperating development groups, the simulators they use must be validated, i.e. shown to meet some given standard. This paper discusses the validation tests used and presents two simulators, one implemented in hardware and the other in software. (6 pages)
Effects of Age, Gender, and Stimulus Side on the Scalp Topography of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Following Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (1992)

This is the first thorough study to evaluate the effects of age, gender, and stimulus side on the scalp topographies of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve by using computerized bit-mapped color images and the significance probability mapping method. Seventy-four normal subjects whose ages ranged from 7 to 88 years were studied. Topographic mappings of most components in aged subjects were significantly different from those in young subjects, mainly because of higher amplitudes of the components in the aged group. However, scalp distribution of each component did not show a large difference among different age groups. There was a tendency that amplitudes in women were larger than those in men, and the gender differences of some components were significantly larger for some age groups. Stimulus side and handedness caused no significant difference in amplitudes and topographies of the components. These results were very similar to our previous results of the scalp topographies of SEPs following median nerve stimulation.
Lösungsmitteleffekte auf das Gleichgewicht zwischen lokalisierten und delokalisierten Zuständen thermochromer Semibullvalene und Barbaralane (1999)

Die Lage des Gleichgewichts zwischen lokalisierten und delokalisierten Zuständen thermochromer Semibullvalene und Barbaralane (siehe Gleichung) hängt stark vom Lösungsmittel ab. Dipolar aprotische Lösungsmittel, insbesondere N,N′-Dimethylpropylenharnstoff, begünstigen den delokalisierten, bishomoaromatischen Zustand (ΔH0 = 8 kJ mol−1 (Cyclohexan), ΔH0<0 kJ mol−1 (N,N′-Dimethylpropylenharnstoff)).
PD13-10 PRECLINICAL TRIAL OF SERIAL MITOGEL® INSTILLATIONS INTO THE PELVICALYCEAL SYSTEM OF THE YORKSHIRE SWINE (2016)

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive 40 patients who had received BCG therapy for UUT CIS (49 renal units: RUs) in our institute. UUT CIS was defined as positive cytology in urine from selective retrograde UUT catheter and no detectable lesion on UUT imaging. BCG delivery was accomplished by retrograde and antegrade instillation and a treatment course consisted of 8 weekly instillations.
Bladder instability in women: A premature activation of the micturition reflex (1993)

Urethrocystometry was performed during a provocative handwashing test in 163 patients, 115 of whom had a prior history of urge incontinence. Almost invariably, a rise in detrusor pressure, when present, followed a fall in urethral pressure, and both were preceded by urge symptoms. This pattern appears to conform to the concept of "urethral instability", "detrusor instability" and urge incontinence being different manifestations of a prematurely activated micturition reflex.
Editorial Comment (1973)

Most physicians' first exposure to the musculoskeletal system is in the anatomy laboratory. Bones, muscles, origins and insertions, and nerve and blood supply are laboriously memorized and quickly forgotten. The biology of muscle function learned in physiology also becomes indistinct. The musculoskeletal system is a biological unit whose function is mechanical. Early application of the concept of the mechanical function of a biologic unit was perhaps best exemplified in the treatment of the sequelae of poliomyelitis. An unopposed muscle force produced functional or static deformity, and treatment often consisted of balancing these forces. The study of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system received great impetus immediately after World War II in attempting to solve the problems of prosthetic substitution from amputated extremities. From these beginnings the interest and application of biomechanical studies to other clinical problems has rapidly expanded. The increased interest in biomechanics has been evidenced by the institution
Immunophenotypic and genotypic characterization of diffuse mixed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. (1989)

Diffuse, mixed small and large cell lymphomas (DML) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. There are only a few published immunophenotypic and/or genotypic studies of DML, and they include a small number of cases. It is unclear whether these neoplasms are monoclonal, oligoclonal, or perhaps of dual lineage. Using monoclonal antibodies (UCHL1, MB2, MT1, LN1, LN2, and L26) that are effective in paraffin-embedded, B5-fixed tissue, 13 cases of DML were studied. This method allowed for improved correlation between cell morphology and immunophenotype compared with frozen section immunohistology. In addition, Southern blotting/DNA hybridization was used to identify directly the lineage of the neoplastic cell population. In each case a population of large B lymphocytes was demonstrated by immunohistology. In six of the cases, a single class of immunoglobulin light chains was detected by frozen section immunohistology, cytospin immunocytology, or both supporting the hypothesis that the B lymphocytes are monoclonal. In almost all the cases (12 of 13), the small cell population consisted predominantly of T lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were detected in seven cases, but no T cell receptor gene rearrangements were detected. It was concluded that DML are monoclonal lymphomas of B cell lineage with a non-neoplastic T cell component.
Postcoital estrogen or IUD? (1979)

In 1977-78, 120 women aged 15-35 at the CEMP Centre in Milan, Italy, were assigned randomly (60 each) to 5 tablets EE (1 mg) daily for 5 days; or insertion of Cu-T. All women were followed up for at least 40 days from last menstrual period. 88% were nulliparous; 90% were under age 25. With ovulation estimated as 14 days before the mean length of the 6 previous cycles, 40% had had unprotected coitus within 2 days of ovulation; 30% had coitus 3-4 days before or 3-5 days after ovulation. None of the 120 women became pregnant. Of the 60 women taking EE, 80% experienced side effects; 51% nausea, 18% vomiting; 30% breast pain; 25% headache, and 22% bleeding. The side effects from the Cu-T were 38%: 8% vagal reflex during insertion; 11% serious uterine cramps within 4 days of insertion; 33% bleeding; and 1 expelled 5 days after insertion. Both postcoital ethinylestradiol and the Copper-T 200 were effective in preventing pregnancy.
Thin low-k SiOC(N) dielectric / ruthenium stacked barrier technology (2009)

A ruthenium (Ru) film was deposited by physical sputtering in an N2 atmosphere on a low-k SiOC dielectric film. This Ru deposition process modified the surface of the underlying low-k SiOC to a higher density SiOC(N) layer of approximately 3 nm thickness. This combined SiOC(N) / Ru stack showed good barrier properties without the need of any other barrier layer. This new stack structure removes the requirement for any TaN like film previously used to prevent Cu, Cu ion, and moisture diffusion into or from the SiOC film.
Monolithic integration of OFETs driving organic light emitting diodes (2005)

Organic field effect transistors are expected to be applicable for low-cost, large-area electronic applications, e.g. the incorporation as active-matrix into displays based on organic light emitting diodes (OLED). There are two major challenges which have to be tackled. As the low charge carrier mobility allows only for comparatively low saturation currents, the ratio of channel width and length has to increase by several orders of magnitude, compared to poly-Si-technology. Furthermore, as organic semiconductor devices usually degrade upon exposure to solvents, standard photolithography cannot be applied once the organic materials have been deposited. Therefore, the definition of single pixels has to occur before the deposition of organic materials. We prepared OFETs employing a bottom-Al-gate, an 50 nm thick anodized Al-oxide gate dielectric and a inter-digital drain-source-structure (Au), topped with 30 nm of pentacene as active layer. By applying an inter-digital structure we increased the W/L-ratio to 4340. For the given configuration, a saturation current of 4 mA could be observed at -20 V drain-source- and -20 V gate-source-voltage. The drain-source-contacts enclosed a predefined ITO-anode shorted to drain and acting as OLED-anode. For preventing shortcuts between the OLED-cathode and the OFET, poly-vinyl-alcohol (PVOH) was spin-coated from an aqueous solution and structurized by photolithography. When the OFET characteristics were measured afterwards the field-effect- mobility dropped by two orders of magnitude but recovered due to desorption of residual water. Afterwards, the organic layers and a Al/LiF-cathode were deposited. The area covered by the OLED was 1.33mm<sup>2</sup>. Applying an operating bias of 11 V between cathode and source, allows for switching of the OLED by changing the gate-source-voltage from +2.5 V to -5 V. The on-state-brightness is 850 cd/m<sup>2</sup> and the on-off-ratio 950. Considering a realistic filling factor of 40% the values observed may be sufficient for active-matrix display-applications.
[Patient with West Nile fever in the Netherlands]. (2001)

A 45-year-old patient was admitted with high fever and inadequate behaviour. She had recently stayed in Israel. Extensive investigation suggested a viral infection, but the cause was not established. Her partner suggested the possibility of West Nile virus infection, based upon information he had found on the Internet. Serology was performed and specific IgM and IgG antibodies were demonstrated, but a paired serum sample was not available. The patient recovered spontaneously. The West Nile virus is endemic in Israel, Africa, Asia and the Balkans. It is transmitted by mosquitoes. The incubation time is 1-3 weeks. The disease is characterised by fever, malaise, maculopapular exanthema and lymphadenopathy. Complications are encephalitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis and myocarditis. However, these symptoms are present in less than 5% of all infections. A full-blown encephalitis has a mortality rate of 50%. There is no specific therapy, but prevention by means of controlling the mosquito population is feasible. The diagnosis is made by the detection of West Nile virus-specific IgM antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid. However, in the acute stage viral RNA detection by a polymerase chain reaction in the serum is also possible.
On the stress field near the micro-crack tip (1993)

In this paper a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation is conducted to analyze the stress field near a micro-crack tip. The model material for simulation is a single crystal of aluminum. A bulk of 5460 atoms is used to simulate a micro-crack. The interatomic potential of aluminum is calculated by the pseudopotential method of the Krasko-Gurskii model which takes into account the exchange-correlation effects in the dielectric function. From the MD results, a model to describe the stress field of the micro-crack is proposed.
Matrix approach to deadlock avoidance of dispatching in multi-class finite buffer reentrant flow lines (2002)

For a very general class of finite-buffer multi-class reentrant flow lines, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the absence of deadlock in terms of circular wait relations. The result is a multi-class last buffer first serve (LBFS) dispatching policy for finite buffer flow lines. The notion of so-called "critical siphons", as well as the novel notion of "critical traps" are introduced in this paper. Petri net (PN) techniques are used in the analysis. Computationally efficient matrix techniques are given for implementing a multiclass dispatching policy that is guaranteed not only to avoid deadlock, but allows one to obtain efficient utilization of the resources in multi-class reentrant flow lines.
Endoscopic profilometry (1991)

When a three-dimensional (3-D) object is imaged by means of an endoscope, only a two-dimensional (2-D) display is possible. In some medical diagnostics, the size and shape of the object under study need to be known. An effective method for reconstructing a 3-D object shape from a 2-D endoscopic image exploits the projected grating technique. This method is described and illustrated with some examples.
Independence of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate (1967)

A RISE in lactic acid concentration in body fluids implies altered tissue metabolism which can take two forms. If pyruvic acid rises in proportion to the increase in lactic acid, both changes can be attributed to an increased breakdown of glucose or to a decreased entry of pyruvic acid into the Krebs metabolic cycle. Such alterations are produced by systemic alkalosis, glucose infusions, and epinephrine injections and are clinically benign.<sup>1</sup>If, on the other hand, pyruvate fails to rise in proportion to the rise in lactate, "excess lactate" is produced.<sup>2</sup>Production of excess lactate is believed to be due to anaerobic glycolysis and to represent clinically ominous tissue hypoxia. Since the brain uses glucose as its only exogenous substrate and is totally dependent upon aerobic metabolism for its continued existence, cerebral metabolic abnormalities can be expected to rapidly alter lactic acid levels in the surrounding cerebral tissue fluids.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RAT TESTIS DURING POSTNATAL MATURATION (1966)

Summary. There is a paucity of information on quantitative changes occurring in chemical constituents of the testis during maturation. Total carbohydrate, total protein, total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipid, saponifiable and non-saponifiable fractions of neutral lipid, and non-volatile fatty acids of both the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions were measured. Testis weight was seen to increase at a rate greater than that noted for body weight from 28 days (time of testis descent) to 56 days (time of complete spermatogenesis). Changes in total protein and carbohydrate showed no definitive trends. A marked increase in total lipid was seen at 28 days which was reflected by increased phospholipid and neutral lipid values. The individual fatty acids showed some changes during maturation, but the most notable deviation was in the percentage composition of unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids of the neutral lipid fraction showed a marked increase in the percentage of fatty acids containing unsaturations, while those in the phospholipid fraction decreased in percentage containing unsaturations. These data are discussed concerning their possible relations to descent of the testis and initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis.
Contributions on the Bonding Behavior of Oxygen in Inorganic Solids. Part 3. Mn<sub>2</sub>P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, Mn<sub>2</sub>Si(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and Mn<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> — Crystal Growth, Structure Refinements and Electronic Spectra of Manganese(II) Phosphates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modulation of intrafollicular oestradiol in explanted hamster follicles does not affect oocyte meiotic status (1989)

Mature antral follicles were collected from PMSG-primed hamsters before the LH surge on Day 4 of the oestrous cycle and were incubated individually for 6 or 10 h under 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The relationship between follicle size and follicular fluid volume was established, and both the oestradiol output during incubation and the LH sensitivity of the follicle with respect to induction of meiotic resumption were determined. The data obtained from these initial studies were then applied to experiments in which the oestrogenic status of follicles was altered by pressure injection of solutions into the antral cavity to result in known concentrations in follicular fluid of oestradiol (0-500 microM), the anti-oestrogens, tamoxifen (0-200 microM) or enclomiphene citrate (0-500 microM), or an oestradiol-specific antiserum (1:200 dilution of serum). The proportion of immature oocytes (% GV) was determined cytogenetically after follicular incubation. Significant correlations were established between follicle size and both follicular fluid volume (r = 0.90) and follicular oestradiol accumulation (r = 0.96). The minimum concentration of LH tested which induced maximal meiotic resumption (0% GV) was 0.5 microgram/ml. The % GV was not significantly reduced by intrafollicular injection of either of the anti-oestrogens over the concentration ranges tested, or of the oestradiol-specific antiserum, which was injected in an amount adequate to bind all oestradiol accumulated during the incubation. Intrafollicular injection of oestradiol failed to increase the % GV after follicular incubation in the presence of 0.5 microgram LH/ml. From these results we conclude that it is unlikely that oestradiol plays a primary role in the maintenance of meiotic arrest in follicle-enclosed hamster oocytes in vitro.
OC-095 A clinical overview of the presentation and management of orofacial granulomatosis in a combined oral medicine and gastroenterology clinic (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology sharing histological features with gut Crohn9s disease (CD). A notes review of 207 patients with OFG aimed to define the common presentation of this condition and establish differentiating features between those with and without concurrent diagnosis of CD. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were extracted for age of onset, gender, clinical features, blood parameters, concurrent CD and treatments used. Diagnosis of CD was established by standard criteria. <h3>Results</h3> Ninety-seven out of 207 patients (47%) were female. Median age of disease onset was 23 years (range 2–73 years). Referrals were mainly sourced from maxillo-facial surgeons (31%) and gastroenterologists (19%). The buccal mucosa (74%) and lower lip (68%) were the most common sites involved followed by gingivae (63.5%) and upper lip (61%). Forty-six (22%) had CD. Ulcers (46% vs 15%, p<0.001) and mucosal scarring (20% vs 5%, p<0.001) were more common in patients with CD than in those without as was a raised C reactive protein (73% vs 49%, p=0.016), abnormal full blood counts (46% vs 23%) and low haemoglobin (31% vs 11%). The sulcus (27% vs 13%, p=0.019) and fauces (4% vs 0%, p=0.008) were significantly more likely to be affected in those with CD. Of the patients with concurrent CD, half were diagnosed with this prior to onset of OFG symptoms. Conversely 42.5% had OFG symptoms prior to diagnosis of CD. The remaining patients (7.5%) presented with symptoms and were diagnosed with CD within the same year. The predominant treatment used (86%) was the cinnamon and benzoate free diet. Topical treatments including antifungal and steroidal creams, ointments, mouthwashes and intralesional steroid injections were used in 64% of cases. Azathioprine was used in 39% of patients and anti TNF α therapy in 7.5% of patients. Only 3% of patients required cheiloplasty. <h3>Conclusion</h3> OFG most commonly presents with buccal and lower lip involvement. Abnormalities in inflammatory markers, haematinic deficiencies and oral presentation of ulceration and scarring are all factors which can increase the likelihood of concurrent CD. Initial presentation of OFG is not necessarily predictive of further development of CD.
Temperature-dependent Modulation of CaV3 T-type Calcium Channels by Protein Kinases C and A in Mammalian Cells (2007)

Modulation of low voltage-activated Ca(V)3 T-type calcium channels remains poorly characterized compared with high voltage-activated Ca(V)1 and Ca(V)2 calcium channels. Notably, it is yet unresolved whether Ca(V)3 channels are modulated by protein kinases in mammalian cells. In this study, we demonstrate that protein kinase A (PKA) and PKC (but not PKG) activation induces a potent increase in Ca(V)3.1, Ca(V)3.2, and Ca(V)3.3 currents in various mammalian cell lines. Notably, we show that protein kinase effects occur at physiological temperature ( approximately 30-37 degrees C) but not at room temperature ( approximately 22-27 degrees C). This temperature dependence could involve kinase translocation, which is impaired at room temperature. A similar temperature dependence was observed for PKC-mediated increase in high voltage-activated Ca(V)2.3 currents. We also report that neither Ca(V)3 surface expression nor T-current macroscopic properties are modified upon kinase activation. In addition, we provide evidence for the direct phosphorylation of Ca(V)3.2 channels by PKA in in vitro assays. Overall, our results clearly establish the role of PKA and PKC in the modulation of Ca(V)3 T-channels and further highlight the key role of the physiological temperature in the effects described.
<title>Four-dimensional x-ray attenuation model of the human heart and the coronary vasculature and its use for the assessment of cardiac CT imaging technology</title> (2002)

Using helical, multi-detector computed tomography (CT) imaging technology operating at sub-second scanning speeds, clinicians are investigating the capabilities of CT for cardiac imaging. In this paper, we describe the application of novel modeling tools to assess CT system capability. These tools allow us to quantify the capabilities of both hardware and software algorithms for cardiac imaging. The model consists of a human thorax, a dynamic model of a human heart, and a complete physics-based, CT system model. The use of the model to predict image quality is demonstrated by varying both the reconstruction algorithm (half-scan, sector-based) and CT system parameters (axial detector resolution). The mathematical tools described provide a means to rapidly evaluate new reconstruction algorithms and CT system designs for cardiac imaging.
Highly preheated air combustion characteristics and development of a combustion diagnostic on advanced industrial furnace making use of the combustion (1999)

Development of advanced industrial furnaces has been carried out in a national project through applying advantages of combustion using such highly preheated air as around 1000 C to various types of furnaces. Each furnace needs to be optimized in applying the combustion, as each heated material in the furnace generally requires its own temperature level and suitable heated speed. Diagnostics and quantitative estimation technique on the combustion is indispensable for rational furnace designs and optimization process. A new technique using flame characteristics in terms of chemical luminescence of CH and C2 radicals by detecting the profiles in the flame, is discussed to estimate conditions of high temperature air combustion which is sensitively affected by air temperature and oxygen concentration when combustion takes place. In this paper, development of combustion diagnostics to establish advanced industrial furnace design is introduced. The four types of furnaces used for the project are a continuous reheating furnace used for rolling the slab or billet, thermal treatment furnace for annealing wire rods or members, metal melting furnace to melt aluminum, and tube type heating furnace used for petroleum refining.
Simulations of Absorption, Metabolism, and Bioavailability (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Use of Rule-Based Computational Alerts in Early Discovery Mechanistic Simulation (ACAT Models) in Early Discovery Mechanistic Simulation of Bioavailability (Drug Development) Regulatory Aspects of Modeling and Simulation (FDA Critical Path Initiative) Conclusions References
Catalytic effect of cesium fluoride for alkylation of phosphoric acids. (1983)

The phosphoric acids were smoothly alkylated with alkyl halides in the presence of cesium fluoride.