gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new metasurface reflective structure for simultaneous enhancement of antenna bandwidth and gain (2014)

A new bi-layered metasurface reflective structure (MRS) on a high-permittivity, low-loss, ceramic-filled, bio-plastic, sandwich-structured, dielectric substrate is proposed for the simultaneous enhancement of the bandwidth and gain of a dual band patch antenna. By incorporating the MRS with a 4 mm air gap between the MRS and the antenna, the bandwidth and gain of the dual band patch antenna are significantly enhanced. The reflection coefficient (S11 < −10 dB) bandwidth of the proposed MRS-loaded antenna increased by 240% (178%), and the average peak gain improved by 595% (128%) compared to the antenna alone in the lower (upper) band. Incremental improvements of the magnitude and directional patterns have been observed from the measured radiation patterns at the three resonant frequencies of 0.9 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 4.5 GHz. The effects of different configurations of the radiating patch and the ground plane on the reflection coefficient have been analyzed. In addition, the voltage standing wave ratio and input impedance have also been validated using a Smith chart.
Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum (2007)

In the past few years, genetic fate mapping experiments have changed our vision of cerebellar development, particularly in redefining the origin of gabaergic and glutamatergic neurons of the cerebellar cortex and highlighting the precise spatio-temporal sequence of their generation. Here the authors review cerebellar neurogenesis and discuss the fate mapping studies with other new information stemming from transplantation experiments, in an effort to link the developmental potential of neural progenitor populations of the cerebellum with their spatio-temporal origin.
Analysis and Characterization of Acetylated Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicelluloses (2004)

ABSTRACT Acetylation of sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses with acetic anhydride using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a catalyst in N,N-dimethylformamide/lithium chloride system under mild conditions was comparatively studied. The yield and the degree of substitution (DS) ranged from 68.2% and 0.37 to 78.6% and 0.82 as a function of experiment conditions. It was found that the yield and DS increased with N-bromosuccinimide concentration between 0.5 and 1.0%, reaction temperature from 18 to 80°C, and reaction time between 2 and 4 h. In comparison, other catalysts such as H2SO4 and four tertiary amine catalysts, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, N-methyl pyrrolidine, and N-methyl pyrrolidinone, were also investigated. The results showed that NBS can be used as a novel and effective catalyst for acetylation of hemicelluloses under extremely mild reaction conditions. The new polymeric products were characterized by FT-IR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The thermal stability of the material was increased by chemical modification.
Interval Estimation Method (1993)

This chapter contains sections titled: Description of the Algorithm, Analysis, Empirical Results, Experimental Comparisons, Extensions, Conclusion
Testing of early applied LTE-Advanced technologies on current LTE service to overcome real network problem and to increase data capacity (2013)

Abstract—LTE service that has advantage of high data rate and speed is successful launched in the world wide with 57 service provider in 32 countries as of Mar 2012. But data throughput gap between peak data rate and average date rate is more increased than legacy wireless application, and it brings big problem on the current high rate data service. Although LTE supports high peak data rate, its average is 35 % lower than peak data rate. But 2G service, GSM/GPRS is almost same rate with peak data rate. So Frequency efficiency is became important factor for high data throughput service. Especially, Korea Service providers, SKT, KT, LGU+, try to apply early engaged LTE-Advanced technologies to increase frequency efficiency and to cover data traffic using complementary wireless application like Carrier-Aggregation, Multi-Frequency band, Heterogeneous Network. First of all, briefly introduce LTE-Advanced technologies and problem of current LTE service and finally, we are finding design and test challenges of early applied LTE-
Synthesis and antihyperlipaemic activity of some novel N-cyanovinylformamidines. (1997)

Potent antihyperlipaemic activity has been observed in a series of novel N-cyanovinylformamidines when tested in hyperlipaemic rats. Two of the compounds (11 and 15) were found more potent than gemfibrozil at 50 mg/kg/d dose level in reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and also in elevating serum HDL level. A good three-dimensional structural similarity has been observed between these two compounds and clofibrate and gemfibrozil, respectively. Acute toxicity studies carried out in mice indicated compound 11 to be safe even at a dose level of 4.5 g/kg. The title compounds were synthesized by the reaction of alpha-cyanoketene S,N-acetals with formamidineacetate under controlled reaction conditions.
Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications (2005)

The vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water are reviewed with an emphasis on atmospheric applications. Parametrizations are given for the vapour pressure, molar heat capacity, and latent heat of vaporization of both ice and liquid water. For ice, the experimental vapour pressure data are in agreement with a derivation from the Clapeyron equation. Below 200 K cubic ice may affect the vapour pressure of ice both in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. All of the commonly used parametrizations for the vapour pressure of supercooled water are extrapolations that were not originally intended for use below the freezing point. In addition, the World Meteorological Organization definition of the vapour pressure of supercooled water contains an easily overlooked typographical error. Recent data on the molar heat capacity of supercooled water are used to derive its vapour pressure. Nevertheless, the uncertainty is such that measurements of the deliquescence and freezing behaviour of aerosol particles are beginning to be limited by uncertainties in the thermodynamics of supercooled water. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
HFHSA San Antonio: Taking Stock to Move Ahead (2004)

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted social networks of people aged 40 years and older, as they increased informational support and reduced the number of their social relationships, mainly in terms of emotional and practical supporters. Notably, some individuals did not show such unfavorable trends and managed to reorganize their networks to attribute social support roles more centrally.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Better Photocatalysts Through Composition‐ and Structure‐Engineering (2013)

Abstract Review: 101 refs.
Consideraciones sobre la mediación laboral en la empresa (2012)

La mediacion laboral tiene una relevancia creciente, el mediador laboral esta llamado a desempenar un importante papel hasta que se convierta, en un futuro cercano, en un elemento decisivo dentro de una empresa, en protagonista de una organizacion� Esta afirmacion se hace porque la mediacion laboral es una excelente estrategia para enfrentarse a los conflictos laborales, para conseguir acuerdos duraderos en una organizacion, para ahorrar tiempo y dinero, consiguiendo mantener la relacion con la otra parte y fomentar un cambio cultural en la organizacion, incidiendo en conseguir relaciones laborales duraderas.
Long-Wavelength Infrared Sensing by Cytochrome C Protein Thin Film Deposited by the Spin Coating Method (2013)

High infrared absorption, large temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and small 1/f noise are preferred characteristics for sensing materials used in bolometers. In this paper, we discuss a cytochrome c protein as a potential sensing material for long-wavelength bolometers. We simulated and experimentally proved high infrared absorption of cytochrome c in the wavelength between 8 μm and 14 μm. Cytochrome c thin films were deposited on a hydrophilic surface using the spin coating method. The resistance variation with temperature is measured and we show that the TCR of cytochrome c thin films is consistently higher than 20%. The measured values of 1/f noise were as low as 2.33 × 10⁻¹³ V²/Hz at 60 Hz. Finally, we test the reliability of cytochrome c by measuring the resistance changes over time under varying conditions. We found that cytochrome c thin films deteriorated significantly without appropriate packaging.
Biomineralization-Assisted Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA (2010)

The development of instrument-free, PCR-less, ultrasensitive and selective DNA detection methods is highly desired in chemical and life sciences. Herein we report on the utility of a biomineralization-assisted amplification methodology for the identification of DNA. Significantly, the diagnostic strategy has allowed the target detection at a concentration as low as 50 aM, equivalent to approximately 180 copies in the entire 6 microL sample. In addition, the DNA sequence with a single-base mismatch can be differentiated from the perfect target through a facile salt-based stringency wash. Substitution of the DNA structures with other recognition moieties should allow the translation of the strategy to the assay of different targets of interest. The visual readout format provides a sound basis for the broad applicability of the proposed strategy, especially in resource-poor settings.
Mode of Failure of Rib Fixation With Absorbable Plates: A Clinical and Numerical Modeling Study (2010)

This study indicates that the likely mode of failure of this absorbable plating system occurs on the posterior part of the rib, which correlates with the clinical failures seen.
A Heuristic Approach to Distributed Query Processing (1982)

In a distributed database environment, finding the optimal strategy which fully reduces all relations referenced by a general tree query, may take exponential time. Furthermore, since reduced relations are to be moved to the final site, the optimal strategy which fully reduces all relations does not give an optimal solution to the problem of minimizing the total transmission cost. For a general query, even with only one join attribute, the problem of finding an optimal strategy to reduce the total data transmission cost has been shown to be NP-hard. In this paper, a heuristic approach is taken to the distributed query processing problem. Different cost benefit functions are defined based on the nature of the relations involved in the semijoin. The proposed algorithm will produce a sequence of cost beneficial semijoin operations to reduce the total data transmission cost involved in answering a general query. For each join attribute, a two phase reduction process is used. The order in which the semijoins are performed is controlled by the projected size of the join attribute. This algorithm produces optimal sequence of semijoins for simple queries. For general queries, The experimental results, obtained by simulation, indicate a substantial improvement over the SDD-1 query processing algorithm.
Electronic spectra of salts of dithiocarbamic acids (1979)

The report gives synthesis and UV spectra of a series of alkali and ammonium salts of the dithiocarbamic acids derived from dimethyl-, diethyl-, dipropyl-, dibutyl-, dipentyl-, dihexyl-, diheptyl-, dioctyl-, diisopropyl-, diisobutyl-, methylisopropylamine, piperidine, morpholine, piperazine and pyrrolidine. The absorption bands due to transitions localized in the groups CSS (λ max ~ 260 nm) and NCS (λ max ~ 280 nm) show a red shift with increasing length of the alkyl chain. Increasing polarity of solvent causes, with some of the compounds, a small red shift of λ max of the band due to CSS group, but it causes a considerable blue shift of λ max of the band due to NCS group in all the studied compounds. The absorption band near 207 nm is ascribed to the carbon disulphide produced by decomposition of the dithiocarbamates.
Academic Library Responses to Journal Price Discrimination (1992)

The ability of libraries to mitigate the effects of high journal prices is constrained by publishers' ability to use price discrimination. Based upon this theoretical framework, a mail survey of 213 academic libraries was conducted. It is found that success rates for the most commonly tried strategies are proportionately lower than success rates for less commonly used strategies. It is also found that the price of a particular journal does not seem to drive the selectionfdeselection decisions in many libraries. These findings are consistent with a price discrimination view of journal pricing. Finally, alternative strategies are suggested that libraries might employ to deal with the joint problems of publishers' price discrimination and high journal prices.
Analysis and compensation of current measurement errors in a doubly fed induction generator (2009)

This paper proposes a compensator to reduce the power ripple of DFIG generated by offset and scaling errors of the rotor current sensors. The input signal of the proposed compensator adopts the synchronous d-axis current of the rotor. The amplitude of the stator current is low but that of the rotor current is high. Also stator current is variable according to the wind intensity but the rotor current is almost constant. Therefore the rotor current is more suitable for the input signal of the compensator. Two errors of the sensor contain one and two times ripple of the slip frequency, respectively. Each ripple component can be obtained by integrating the synchronous d-axis current of the rotor according to the slip angle. These two errors can be compensated by subtracting those from the measured rotor currents. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm can be verified through experimentation.
On the equivalence of fanout-point faults (1993)

Test-equivalent faults are commonly used in test generation and fault simulation to reduce the number of explicitly addressed faults. At the gate level, practical equivalence rules are confined to faults on the input and output terminals of Boolean gates and those related to fanout-free wires. It is shown that under some conditions equivalence may also be stated between faults on a fanout stem and its branches. A modification of the standard fault folding algorithm is proposed, which leads to reducing the number of target faults and occasionally identifying logic redundancies. Application to real designs shows that the added computational complexity is negligible, while for some classes of CMOS circuits hard-to-simulate faults are eliminated and hence their fault simulation time is drastically reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An evaluation of an entropy based index of segregation (2003)

This paper reviews the properties suggested in the methodological literature on the measurement of gender segregation by occupation. It is found that an index of segregation based on the entropy concept satisfies twelve basic axioms previously proposed in the single-dimensional case. This index can be expressed as the sum of a between-group and a within-group term in the two-dimensional case. In pair-wise comparisons, it can be meaningfully decomposed into three terms, one of which is independent of both the gender composition of the population and the population's distribution across occupations. Finally, it can be motivated as two different loglikelihood tests in nonparametric econometric models. Other existing measures of segregation either fail to satisfy one or more of the basic axioms, do not admit a between/within decomposition, have not been motivated from a statistical approach, or are based on more restricted econometric models.
Oligomerization of glycerol – a critical review (2010)

Abstract The oligomerization of glycerol to preferentially di‐ and triglycerol is reviewed, with primary focus on the use of heterogeneous acidic and basic catalysts. Low molecular‐weight oligomers have found a wide field of applications in cosmetics, food industry and polymer production. The growing market intensified research work on the selective catalytic oligomerization of glycerol. Performing the reaction of glycerol in the presence of microporous and mesoporous solid catalysts aims at exerting shape‐selective effects on the reaction, suppressing the abundant formation of cyclic isomers and cutting further polymerization of the target products. Enhanced selectivity to diglycerol is observed over some type of catalysts, but the solids suffer from leaching of active alkaline cations from the solid, severe deterioration of crystallinity of zeolites and even dissolution of the solids in the hot glycerol during batch reaction at temperatures in the range of 240–260°C. In those cases it is difficult to separate homogeneous and heterogenous reaction routes, and the shape‐selective effects are levelled off. The oligomerization is a consecutive reaction, and complete conversion of glycerol favours formation of high molecular‐weight glycerol oligo‐ and polymers. To achieve maximum yield of diglycerol, the reaction has to be interrupted at glycerol conversions of ca. 50%. Alternative reaction engineering is required to overcome the inherent disadvantages of a batch reaction. Examples will be given for a selective glycerol oligomerization under reduced pressure in a so‐called fall‐film reactor using super‐acidic polymers as catalysts.
Gene Expression Changes Associated with the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Induced by Microsomal Cytochrome P450 Overproduction (2004)

Induction of drug-metabolizing microsomal cytochromes p450 (p450s) results in a striking proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Overexpression of P450s in yeast and cultured cells produces a similar response. The signals mediating this process are not known but probably involve signal transduction pathways involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) or the ER overload response (EOR). We have examined the temporal response of specific genes in these pathways and genes globally to overexpression of p450 in cultured cells. Activity of NFkappaB, an EOR component, was substantially increased by overexpression of full-length p450 2C2 or a chimera with the 28-amino acid signal anchor sequence of p450 2C2 in HepG2 cells, and the activation correlated temporally with the accumulation of p450 in the cells. In the UPR pathway, activation of the transcription factor XBP1 by IRE1 also correlated with the accumulation of p450 in the cells, and in contrast, maximum activation of the BiP/grp78 promoter preceded the accumulation. Differential effects of expression of p450 on apoptosis were observed in nonhepatic COS1 and hepatic HepG2 cells. In COS1 cells, apoptosis was induced, and this correlated with sustained activation of the pro-apoptotic JNK pathway, induction of CHOP, and an absence of the increased NFkappaB activity. In HepG2 cells, JNK was only transiently activated, and CHOP expression was not induced. As assessed by DNA microarray analysis, up-regulation of signaling genes was predominant including those involved in anti-apoptosis and ER stress. These results suggest that both the EOR and UPR pathways are involved in the cellular response to induction of p450 expression and that in hepatic cells genes are also induced to block apoptosis, which may be a physiologically relevant response to prevent cell death during xenobiotic induced expression of p450 in the liver.
Effect of dietary oils on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant parameters of rat plasma and lipoprotein fractions. (1992)

In order to investigate the influence of fatty acid pattern and antioxidants other than vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels of plasma very low density and low density lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL), the effects of three diets (equalized for vitamin E) containing soybean oil, olive oil, or an oleate-rich mixture of triglycerides (triolein) were studied in rats. A significantly lower concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) in plasma and lipoproteins was found after the olive oil diet (soybean oil, 3.7 +/- 0.4 nmol/ml; triolein, 2.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/ml; olive oil, 1.5 +/- 0.3 nmol/ml, in plasma) (soybean oil, 0.99 +/- 0.16 nmol/ml; triolein, 0.96 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml; olive oil, 0.38 +/- 0.12 nmol/ml, in the VLDL + LDL fraction). Furthermore, the results from in vitro copper-induced lipid peroxidation, expressed in terms of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, and TBA-RS content, showed that VLDL + LDL particles from olive olive oil-fed rats were remarkably resistant to oxidative modification. The results suggest that the fatty acid unsaturation of dietary oils is not the only determining factor of the antioxidant capacity of lipoproteins in this animal model. The maximal protection observed after the olive oil diet may be explained by the presence of other unidentified antioxidants in addition to vitamin E, derived from oil intake. Therefore, the optimal balance between the content of unsaturated fatty acids and natural antioxidants in dietary oils appears to be of major importance.
Molecular Biomarkers in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2014)

The availability of agents directly targeting tumorigenic and angiogenic pathways has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in recent years. However, all patients eventually become resistant and a substantial percentage experience immediate disease progression with first-line targeted therapy. In addition, patients have variable clinical benefit and/or tolerance to different agents, including drugs within the same class. Thus, the choice of therapy for an individual patient remains empiric at present. Upon this landscape, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated with the purpose of guiding therapy. This review discusses prognostic biomarkers correlating with the outcome of patients independent of therapy, and predictive biomarkers of treatment response, including circulating biomarkers (such as VEGF and VEGF-related proteins, cytokine and angiogenic factors, and lactate dehydrogenase), and tissue-based biomarkers (such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms). Many potential prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers have now been identified in RCC, although none has yet entered into clinical practice, and all require prospective validation in appropriately designed randomized studies. In the near future, however, validated biomarkers may become integral to management strategies in RCC, enabling tailored treatment for individual patients to improve clinical outcomes.
Frozen Novelties (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Quiescently Frozen Products Stirred Novelties Extruded Novelties The Changeable Nature of Novelties References
Flood Damaged Crops, Crop Insurance Payments and Lease Contracts (2011)

Some Iowa corn and soybean producers are facing substantial if not complete crop losses due to flooding. In particular, many acres of crops in the Missouri River Valley have been under water for a month or more this year. Fortunately, nearly 90 percent of Iowa’s corn and soybean acres are protected by multiple peril crop insurance.
Traumatic brain injury: classification of initial severity and determination of functional outcome (2003)

Future research in TBI outcome, particularly in rehabilitation medicine, should focus on determinants of outcome, identifying those patients who will have the greatest chance of benefiting from intensive rehabilitation programmes. More research is needed to determine the long-term functional outcome in TBI, the long-term socio-economic costs, and the influence of behavioural problems on family cohesion. Finally, validation of outcome measures is required in the TBI-population; the relative value of various outcome measures needs to be determined, and the usefulness and applicability of measures for health related quality of life in TBI should be established.