gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-stimulated desorption and coherent electron scattering. Interim technical report (1987)

The authors studied electron-stimulated 0(-) desorption from O/sub 2/ condensed on thick rare-gas (Ar, Kr, or Xe) films, which were previously deposited on a Pt substrate. For ordered rare-gas layers with a fixed O/sub 2/ coverage, the 0(-) yield increases almost linearly as the thickness of the rare gas layer increases, particularly near the Bragg reflection energies. This is shown to arise from coherent scattering of electrons in the rare-gas film.
EFFECT OF GLYCEROL ON NONENZYMATIC BROWNING IN A SOLID INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE MODEL FOOD SYSTEM (1976)

ABSTRACT Maillard browning is one of the main chemical reactions causing deterioration and shortening shelf life of intermediate moisture food (IMF) systems. The purpose of this research was to study Maillard browning in an IMF model system containing casein, glucose and the liquid humectant glycerol. The kinetics of pigment production, glucose utilization and loss of DNP‐available lysine were studied as a function of temperature, moisture content and water activity. It was found that the factors which control reactant (glucose and available lysine) utilization also control end‐product (brown pigment) accumulation. The rate of the Maillard browning pigment production, after an initial induction period, follows zero order kinetics. The initial loss rate of both glucose and available lysine, however, follows first order kinetics. Exceedingly large nutritional (available lysine) losses occur before brown discoloration is appreciable. Slightly greater than one mole of glucose reacts per mole of lysine made unavailable. Based on this, nutritional losses may be relatively easily estimated by monitoring the loss of specific reducing sugars. The Maillard browning reaction proceeds 33 times faster at 45°C than at 2S°C, with the maximum rate occurring at 0.4–0.5 a w . This is an a w range considerably lower than the 0.65–0.75 a w range usually found for maximum browning in dehydrated foods. The downward shift in the a w maximum for browning is because glycerol being liquid has water‐like properties and increases reactant mobility and/or solubility at a w 's below which most water soluble reactions occur very slowly.
Carotenoids and total phenolic contents in plant foods commonly consumed in Korea (2012)

Phytochemicals are reported to provide various biological functions leading to the promotion of health as well as the reduced risk of chronic diseases. Fat-soluble plant pigments, carotenoids, are extensively studied micronutrient phytochemicals for their potential health benefits. It is noteworthy that specific carotenoids may be responsible for different protective effects against certain diseases. In addition, each carotenoid can be obtained from different types of plant foods. Considering the fact that the phytochemical content in foods can vary according to, but not limited to, the varieties and culture conditions, it is important to establish a database of phytochemicals in locally produced plant foods. Currently, information on individual carotenoid content in plant foods commonly consumed in Korea is lacking. As the first step to support the production and consumption of sustainable local plant foods, carotenoids and total phenolic contents of plant foods commonly consumed in Korea are presented and their potential biological functions are discussed in this review.
Synthetic Mimetics of the gp130 Binding Site for Viral Interleukin‐6 as Inhibitors of the vIL‐6–gp130 Interaction (2008)

The transmembrane protein gp130 acts as the signal transducing receptor subunit for interleukin-6 type cytokines, including viral interleukin-6, which is encoded by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Viral interleukin-6 has been shown to mimic human IL-6 functions, including activation of the JAK1 and STAT1/3 signaling pathways. Based on the crystal structure of three extracellular domains of gp130 in complex with viral interleukin-6, we have designed and synthesized a range of assembled peptides that mimic the sequentially discontinuous binding site of gp130 for viral interleukin-6. These peptides, which present the three binding site fragments of gp130 in a nonlinear, discontinuous fashion, were shown to inhibit the interaction of gp130 with viral interleukin-6, as well as the stimulation of viral interleukin-6-induced cell proliferation. These results validate the concept of synthetic mimicry of discontinuous protein-binding sites through assembled peptides, and the use of such molecules as modulators of protein-ligand interactions.
Studies on Mixed Culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Micrococcus sp. Part III (1970)

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured with shaking in a glucose-ammonium sulfate medium free from myoinositol, cells excreted a considerable amount of myoinositol to the medium at the late stationary phase of growth. Under optimal conditions, the yield of myo-inositol, that was excreted, exceeded 30μg/ml of the culture medium. When the cells were grown in the medium containing a small amount of added myoinositol (1μg/ml), growth was slightly stimulated but the excretion of myo-inositol decreased considerably as compared to the culture without myo-inositol. Time course study of myo-inositol formation by the yeast cells revealed that myo-inositol was synthesized concomitant with growth and existed predominantly as bound forms in the early stationary phase cells and that it was released thereafter from the cells as free and bound forms upon a further incubation, since no significant change in the amount of total myoinositol was detectable throughout this period. Present address: Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Fukushima Women's Junior College, Fukushima
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate a novel tubulin-binding agent with in vivo anti vascular effects in experimental tumours. (2002)

In view of the clinical potential of a number of natural products, Combretastatin A-1 phosphate was developed as a water-soluble derivative of combretastatin A-1. This study examined the anti-tumour activity of this compound against an experimental colon tumour (MAC29) in mice. A comparison was made with the clinically active combretastatin A-4 phosphate. The new compound was well-tolerated up to a dose of 250 mg/kg and was more effective at producing tumour growth delays than the A-4 analogue. Significant growth delays were seen at a dose of 50 mg/kg whereas the A-4 phosphate produced no measurable growth delay until a dose of 150 mg/kg was administered. Histological examination of treated tumours indicated that combretastatin A-1 phosphate caused very severe haemorrhagic necrosis in the tumour tissue and analysis of the sections indicated that almost 94 percent of the tumour was dead within 24 hours of treatment. The mechanism of action of combretastatin A-1 phosphate appears to be similar to the A-4 phosphate in that tumour vascular shutdown occurs within 4 hours of treatment. In summary combretastatin A-1 phosphate, the water-soluble analogue of combretastatin A-1, is more potent against a well-vascularised murine colon tumour than its predecessor, combretastatin A-4 phosphate. These data suggest this compound may have potential for clinical development.
Tools for comparative protein structure modeling and analysis (2003)

The following resources for comparative protein structure modeling and analysis are described (http://salilab.org): MODELLER, a program for comparative modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints; MODWEB, a web server for automated comparative modeling that relies on PSI-BLAST, IMPALA and MODELLER; MODLOOP, a web server for automated loop modeling that relies on MODELLER; MOULDER, a CPU intensive protocol of MODWEB for building comparative models based on distant known structures; MODBASE, a comprehensive database of annotated comparative models for all sequences detectably related to a known structure; MODVIEW, a Netscape plugin for Linux that integrates viewing of multiple sequences and structures; and SNPWEB, a web server for structure-based prediction of the functional impact of a single amino acid substitution.
Synthesis of Thieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline and Derivatives (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Thieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline and DerivativesJoerg Pohmer, M. V. Lakshmikantham, and Michael P. CavaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 25, 8283–8288Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00130a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00130a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views872Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transient ion disturbances in traveling wave tubes (2001)

It is well known that the presence of ions in the electron beam of a traveling wave tube (TWT) can lead to periodic variations in the output power, phase and the body (or helix) current. This has been referred to as ion noise or jitter. Recently, we have observed a different form of jitter, and while it is still observed as a small variation in the TWT output (typically <0.5 dB in power and 2/spl deg/ in phase), it is not periodic. We refer to this phenomenon as random jitter, since its random nature in time is a defining characteristic, Other characteristics include a relatively fast onset (/spl sim/1 ms) and slow (/spl sim/500 ms) recovery. It was found that random jitter was due to the spurious release of extremely small amounts of trapped gas inside the TWT. The source of the gas was identified and the problem was resolved. The observed level of fluctuations in power and phase had no effect on digital traffic and the small quantity of gas was found to have no measurable impact on cathode life.
Realization of a Type‐II Nodal‐Line Semimetal in Mg<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub> (2018)

Nodal-line semimetals (NLSs) represent a new type of topological semimetallic phase beyond Weyl and Dirac semimetals in the sense that they host closed loops or open curves of band degeneracies in the Brillouin zone. Parallel to the classification of type-I and type-II Weyl semimetals, there are two types of NLSs. The type-I NLS phase has been proposed and realized in many compounds, whereas the exotic type-II NLS phase that strongly violates Lorentz symmetry has remained elusive. First-principles calculations show that Mg<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub> is a material candidate for the type-II NLS. The band crossing is close to the Fermi level and exhibits the type-II nature of the nodal line in this material. Spin-orbit coupling generates only a small energy gap (≈35 meV) at the nodal points and does not negate the band dispersion of Mg<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub> that yields the type-II nodal line. Based on this prediction, Mg<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub> single crystals are synthesized and the presence of the type-II nodal lines in the material is confirmed. The angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements agree well with the first-principles results below the Fermi level and thus strongly suggest Mg<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub> as an ideal material platform for studying the as-yet unstudied properties of type-II nodal-line semimetals.
Selective Expression and Functional Characteristics of Three Mammalian Hyaluronan Synthases in Oncogenic Malignant Transformation (2004)

Malignant transformation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells is often accompanied by increased hyaluronan production and accumulation. Despite recent progress in the study of hyaluronan biosynthesis, the mechanisms underlying the transformation-induced overproduction of hyaluronan have not been elucidated. Here we report that activity and transcriptional levels of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) significantly increased after oncogenic malignant transformation of a rat 3Y1 fibroblast cell line. Of three HAS isoforms (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3), only HAS2 gene expression was increased in the v-Ha-ras transformed 3Y1 cells, which show less malignancy. In contrast, both HAS1 and HAS2 expressions were elevated in the highly malignant cells transformed with v-src and/or v-fos. To assess the contribution of HAS expression to the oncogenic malignant transformation, we established stable cell transfectants expressing sense and antisense HAS genes. Antisense suppression of the HAS2 expression significantly decreased hyaluronan production in the cells transformed by the oncogenic v-Ha-ras and eventually led to a reduction in tumorigenicity in the rat peritoneum. The introduction of the HAS1 and HAS2 genes promoted the growth of subcutaneous tumors in a manner dependent on the levels of hyaluronan synthesis. Significant growth promotion was observed within a wide range of HAS1 expression. In contrast, the growth stimulation was only seen within a narrow range of HAS2 expression, and high levels of HAS2 expression even inhibited tumor growth. These results suggest that proper regulation of the expression of each HAS isoform is required for optimal malignant transformation and tumor growth.
Диагностирование оборудования с использованием параметров технологического контроля (2009)

In article the opportunity of statusing the technical requirements of object on the basis of information analysis on technological regimes of its work is shown. The method of diagnosing including some stages: formation of a normal condition, formation of diagnostic attributes matrix, search of derangements; and allowing to prevent accident or es-sentially reduce its aftereffects is observed. The presented technique has passed successful trial operation on units БОР-60 and БН-600 the atomic power station.
Metabolomic profiling of schizophrenia patients at risk for metabolic syndrome (2014)

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are commonly used to treat schizophrenia. However, SGAs cause metabolic disturbances that can manifest as metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a subset of patients. The causes for these metabolic disturbances remain unclear. We performed a comprehensive metabolomic profiling of 60 schizophrenia patients undergoing treatment with SGAs that puts them at high (clozapine, olanzapine), medium (quetiapine, risperidone), or low (ziprasidone, aripiprazole) risk for developing MetS, compared to a cohort of 20 healthy controls. Multiplex immunoassays were used to measure 13 metabolic hormones and adipokines in plasma. Mass spectrometry was used to determine levels of lipids and polar metabolites in 29 patients and 10 controls. We found that levels of insulin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly higher (p < 0.005) in patients at medium and high risk for MetS, compared to controls. These molecules are known to be increased in individuals with high body fat content and obesity. On the other hand, adiponectin, a molecule responsible for control of food intake and body weight, was significantly decreased in patients at medium and high risk for MetS (p < 0.005). Further, levels of dyacylglycerides (DG), tryacylglycerides (TG) and cholestenone were increased, whereas α-Ketoglutarate and malate, important mediators of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were significantly decreased in patients compared to controls. Our studies suggest that high- and medium-risk SGAs are associated with disruption of energy metabolism pathways. These findings may shed light on the molecular underpinnings of antipsychotic-induced MetS and aid in design of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce the side effects associated with these drugs.
Transplanted articular chondrocytes co‐overexpressing IGF‐I and FGF‐2 stimulate cartilage repair in vivo (2011)

The data demonstrate that combined gene delivery of therapeutic growth factors to cartilage defects may have value to promote cartilage repair. The results also suggest a protective effect of IGF-I/FGF-2 co-overexpression on the neighbouring articular cartilage. These findings support the concept of implementing gene transfer strategies for articular cartilage repair in a clinical setting.
The Penetration of Gamma-Radiation through Thick Layers II. Plane Geometry, Iron, and Lead (1948)

The method for considering the multiple scattering of gamma-rays given in Part I is extended to include the photoelectric effect and pair formation. Numerical calculations are made for the penetration of a monochromatic beam of gamma-rays through targets of either iron or lead. The thicknesses required to reduce the energy flux of factors of 2, 10, 100, 1000, and ${10}^{6}$ are tabulated for gamma-rays of 1, 3, and 5 Mev passing through air, water, concrete, iron, or lead; and the corresponding absorbtion coefficients are given. The distinction between roentgen per unit time and energy flux is considered and numerical tables are given for the decrease in dosage with increasing target thickness. Rough experimental agreement is obtained with the rough experimental data now available. The need for careful measurements of the absorbtion of monochromatic gamma-rays passing through very thick targets is pointed out.
Learning to control: some practical experiments with neural networks (2002)

The author reports on a series of experiments for controlling a nonlinear industrial plant using various neural network controller architectures. The architectures studied include copying an existing controller, inverse dynamics control, and feedback linearizable learning control. These experiments have shown the capabilities and potentials of using neural networks for control. In addition, some shortcomings of the approach were revealed, such as the need to estimate the order of the plant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid (2019)

We describe a method to produce a nanoemulsion composed of an oleic acids-Pt(II) core and a lysine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (KYF) coating (KYF-Pt-NE). The KYF-Pt-NE encapsulates Pt(II) at 10 wt. %, has a diameter of 107 ± 27 nm and a negative surface charge. The KYF-Pt-NE is stable in water and in serum, and is biologically active. The conjugation of a fluorophore to KYF allows the synthesis of a fluorescent nanoemulsion that is suitable for biological imaging. The synthesis of the nanoemulsion is performed in an aqueous environment, and the KYF-Pt-NE forms via self-assembly of a short KYF peptide and an oleic acids-platinum(II) conjugate. The self-assembly process depends on the temperature of the solution, the molar ratio of the substrates, and the flow rate of the substrate addition. Crucial steps include maintaining the optimal stirring rate during the synthesis, permitting sufficient time for self-assembly, and pre-concentrating the nanoemulsion gradually in a centrifugal concentrator.
Tolerancing and alignment of a three-mirror off-axis telescope (2007)

When the optical elements of a system are not collinear, there are advantages to aligning all elements simultaneously. This paper presents the steps taken to prepare for system alignment and the alignment plan for such a system. A tolerance analysis of the system defines the compensators necessary for system alignment and allows an estimate of the expected magnitude of initial aberrations present in the system. Polarization and pupil aberrations are characterized in order to further understand expected system aberrations before alignment. A two step alignment plan is outlined. First, a CCD array placed at the focal plane indicates spot size and shape as elements are aligned. Once spot size is minimized, the CCD array is replaced by a ball bearing for retroreflection. Useful interferograms can be obtained with which remaining aberrations can be minimized. This technique is presented as the alignment plan for an off-axis telescope system consisting of one spherical and two ellipsoidal mirrors.
New Type of Charge/Orbital Ordering above Room Temperature in the Perovskite Bi<sub>2/3</sub>Sr<sub>1/3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> (2002)

A new type of charge ordering stable up to T1 ≈ 500 K has been evidenced by electron microscopy in the Mn3+-rich perovskite Bi2/3Sr1/3MnO3. This new superstructure, based on a Imma-type subcell is characterized by a double modulation with a = 2ap , b = 4ap, c = ap . X-ray powder diffraction evidences a second structural transition at T2 ≈ 580 K and suggests a displacive modulation of the oxygen atoms below T2. These results are interpreted as the correlated coexistence of charge-orbital ordering and modulated displacive ordering of oxygen atoms, in the form of double Mn stripes, below 500 K.
Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. VI. Para-benzoquinones in the Secretion of Five Species of Millipedes1 (1962)

Journal Article Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. VI. Para-benzoquinones in the Secretion of Five Species of Millipedes Get access A. Monro, A. Monro Department of Chemistry and Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Chadha, M. Chadha 2 Department of Chemistry and Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y 2On leave from the Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Meixwald, J. Meixwald 3 Department of Chemistry and Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y 3Alfred V. Sloan Foundation Fellow. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Eisner T. Eisner Department of Chemistry and Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 55, Issue 2, 1 March 1962, Pages 261–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/55.2.261 Published: 01 March 1962 Article history Accepted: 13 July 1961 Published: 01 March 1962
Producción de hidrógeno y nanotubos de carbono por descomposición de metano sobre Ni°/La2O3 obtenido a partir de la perovskita LaNiO3-δ (2008)

La perovskita LaNiO3, tanto reducida como no reducida, se evaluo en la reaccion de descomposicion del metano a 600°C y 700°C. El Ni°/La2O3 obtenido por este procedimiento mostro la mas alta actividad en la descomposicion de metano, ademas la mayor produccion de hidrogeno y CNTs: 18 LH2 /(gcat h) y 2,2 g CNT/(g cat h) respectivamente. Este catalizador presenta la mayor conversion reportada en la literatura (82%) bajo condiciones similares de operacion. Cuando se utiliza la perovskita, la conversion de CH4 y la produccion de CNTs fue 4 veces menor que la obtenida con el catalizador reducido. Los nanotubos de carbono de pared multiple (MWCNTs) fueron caracterizados por difraccion de rayos X (XRD), area superficial (BET), microscopia electronica de transmision (TEM) y de barrido (SEM), analisis termogravimetrico (TGA) y espectroscopia Raman. Las micrografias TEM mostraron que los CNTs poseian diametros internos entre los 5 a 16 nm, externos hasta los 40 nm, y varias micras de longitud.