gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycaemia related to inherited metabolic diseases in adults (2012)

In non-diabetic adult patients, hypoglycaemia may be related to drugs, critical illness, cortisol or glucagon insufficiency, non-islet cell tumour, insulinoma, or it may be surreptitious. Nevertheless, some hypoglycaemic episodes remain unexplained, and inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) should be considered, particularly in cases of multisystemic involvement. In children, IEM are considered a differential diagnosis in cases of hypoglycaemia. In adulthood, IEM-related hypoglycaemia can persist in a previously diagnosed childhood disease. Hypoglycaemia may sometimes be a presenting sign of the IEM. Short stature, hepatomegaly, hypogonadism, dysmorphia or muscular symptoms are signs suggestive of IEM-related hypoglycaemia. In both adults and children, hypoglycaemia can be clinically classified according to its timing. Postprandial hypoglycaemia can be an indicator of either endogenous hyperinsulinism linked to non-insulinoma pancreatogenic hypoglycaemia syndrome (NIPHS, unknown incidence in adults) or very rarely, inherited fructose intolerance. Glucokinase-activating mutations (one family) are the only genetic disorder responsible for NIPH in adults that has been clearly identified so far. Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism is linked to an activating mutation of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (one family). Fasting hypoglycaemia may be caused by IEM that were already diagnosed in childhood and persist into adulthood: glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I, III, 0, VI and IX; glucose transporter 2 deficiency; fatty acid oxidation; ketogenesis disorders; and gluconeogenesis disorders. Fasting hypoglycaemia in adulthood can also be a rare presenting sign of an IEM, especially in GSD type III, fatty acid oxidation [medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), ketogenesis disorders (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) lyase deficiency, and gluconeogenesis disorders (fructose-1,6-biphosphatase deficiency)].
Boron Speciation in Soda‐Lime Borosilicate Glasses Containing Zirconium (2010)

Boron speciation was investigated in soda‐lime borosilicate glass containing zirconium. In such compositions, competition between charge compensators (here, sodium and calcium) can occur for the compensation of tetrahedral boron or octahedral zirconium units. 11 B MAS NMR is particularly suitable for obtaining data on preferential compensation behavior that directly affects the boron coordination number. In addition to the classical proportions of tri‐ and tetrahedral boron, additional data can be obtained on the contributions involved in these two coordination numbers. An approach is described here based on simultaneous MAS spectrum analysis of borosilicate glass with variable Zr/Si and Ca/Na ratios at two magnetic field strengths (11.7 and 18.8 T), with constraints arising from MQMAS spectroscopy, detailed analysis of satellite transitions, and spin‐echo experiments. New possibilities of 11 B NMR were presented for improving the identification and quantification of the different contributions involved in tri‐ and tetrahedral boron coordination. Both NMR and Raman revealed a trend of decreased tetrahedral boron proportion with the increase of Ca/Na ratio or the Zr/Si ratio. This strongly suggests that zirconium compensation takes preference over boron compensation, and that zirconium and boron are both compensated mainly by sodium rather than calcium.
The Early Days of Commercial FT-IR Spectrometry: A Personal Perspective (2017)

The development of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers in the mid-1960s followed along three lines. Interferometers for far-infrared FT spectrometry typically had a slow scan speed and the beam of radiation was modulated by a rotating chopper. Several instruments based on this system were developed commercially. Very high-resolution near-infrared FT spectrometers were based on cats-eye retroreflectors mounted in a step-scan interferometer; the beam of radiation was usually modulated by dithering one of the cats-eyes (phase modulation). No commercial instruments based on this principle were developed. In the third type of FT spectrometer, the beam was modulated by rapidly scanning one of the mirrors of a Michelson interferometer. While the early instruments based on this principle only gave rise to low-resolution spectra, the incorporation of laser fringe referencing at the end of the decade led to instruments that were the fore-runners of contemporary FT-IR spectrometers. In this article, the author's experiences with instruments of the first and third category are described.
The analysis of detergents and detergent products (1975)

The Analysis of detergents and detergent products , The Analysis of detergents and detergent products , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Through-focus image balancing of alternating phase-shifting masks (1999)

Image imbalance refers to the phenomenon that printed image sizes are different between etched and unetched openings if the effective phase and transmission of an alternating phase shifting mask (PSM) are not ideal. The root cause of the phenomenon is the presence of a 0-th diffraction order. When the 0-th order interacts with plus or minus 1 orders, depending on location, it constructively or destructively interferes with the ideal sinusoidal fields generated by the plus or minus 1 orders, causing aerial image difference between the etched and unetched openings. Furthermore, the image imbalance affect changes through focus because optical path length of the 0-th order differs from that of the plus or minus order. An analytical solution of the aerial image has been derived to quantitatively understand the phenomenon. It can be shown that the contributions of phase error and transmission error are orthogonal, thus both errors must be eliminated to eliminate the 0-th diffraction order. The biased etchback approach proposed by Ferguson et al. has been shown to be effective in correcting transmission errors. Detailed implementation of the technique are explored in this presentation. The technique consists of multiple steps of uniform wet etch coupled with aerial image measurements after each etch step. After transmission error is corrected, a phase trimming process may be necessary to improve through-focus image balance.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biotinylated Forms of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1:  Topographical Evaluation of the IGF-1/IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 Interface<sup>,</sup> (2004)

Activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF)-1 receptor signaling pathways by IGF-1 and IGF-2 results in mitogenic and anabolic effects. The bioavailability of the IGFs is regulated by six soluble binding proteins, the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), which bind with approximately 0.1 nM affinity to the IGFs and often serve as endogenous antagonists of IGF action. To identify key domains of IGF-1 involved in the interaction with IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3, we employed IGF-1 selectively biotinylated on residues Gly 1, Lys 27, Lys 65, and Lys 68. All monobiotinylated species of IGF-1 exhibited high affinity ( approximately 0.1-0.2 nM) for IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in solid-phase-binding assays. However, different labeling intensities were observed in ligand blot analysis of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. The N(epsilon)(Lys65/68)(biotin)-IGF-1 (N(epsilon)(Lys65/68b)-IGF-1) probe exhibited the highest signal intensity, while N(alpha)(Gly1b)-IGF-1 and N(epsilon)(Lys27b)-IGF-1 demonstrated significantly lower signals. When taken together, these results suggest that, once bound to IGFBP-2 or IGFBP-3, the biotin moieties of N(alpha)(Gly1b)-IGF-1 and N(epsilon)(Lys27b)-IGF-1 are inaccessible to NeutrAvidin-peroxidase, the secondary binding component. Ligand blots using IGF-1 derivatized with a long chain form of the N-hydroxysuccinimide biotin (NHS-biotin) to yield N(alpha)(Gly1)(LC-biotin)-IGF-1 and N(epsilon)(Lys27)(LC-biotin)-IGF-1 demonstrated increased signal intensity compared with their NHS-biotin counterparts. In BIAcore analysis, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 bound only to the N(epsilon)(Lys65/68b)-IGF-1-coated flowcell of a biosensor chip, confirming the inaccessibility of Gly 1 and Lys 27 when IGF-1 is bound to IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. These data confirm the involvement of the IGFBP-binding domain on IGF-1 in binding to IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 and support involvement of the IGF-1R-binding domain in IGFBP binding.
LDAP: Dynamic Groups for LDAPv3 (2007)

This document describes the requirements, semantics, schema elements,
and operations needed for a dynamic group feature in LDAP. A dynamic
group is defined here as a group object with a membership list of
distinguished names that is dynamically generated using LDAP search
criteria. The dynamic membership list may then be interrogated by LDAP
search and compare operations, and may also be used to find the groups
that an object is a member of. This feature eliminates a huge amount
of the administrative effort required today for maintaining group
memberships and role-based operations in large enterprises.
Is PIA Right (2011)

What is the role for politicians in the planning process? It's a question that should be debated following another high profile case. According to a story in The Age, prominent business people and active Liberal Party supporters are among the beneficiaries of Planning Minister Matthew Guy's decision, through the Planning Scheme Amendment, to impose a mandatory 60-metre height restriction.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Recombinant Hemolysin BL Complex of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (2010)

A three component complex system, designated hemolysin BL (HBL), is believed to be the major diarrheal toxin of Bacillus cereus. Identification of HBL toxin by immunoassay is advantageous over PCR as it detects the expressed form of the gene, thereby differentiating pathogenic strains from nonpathogenic strains. However, most of the immunoassays, like the BCET RPLA kit, are based on the utilization of polyclonal antisera, which show cross-reactivity at times with other Bacillus species. The use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) binding specifically to the B. cereus HBL toxin epitopes could be advantageous. To address the problems of non-specificity of the reported detection systems and toxicity of L1 and L2 components during expression, we made use of recombinant chimeric rHBL protein to generate murine monoclonal antibodies. From among the L2 MAbs stabilized, immunoblotting analyses on B. cereus strains revealed nine MAbs to be directed against the hbl D encoded L1 protein, two to the hbl A encoded B protein, and one with the hbl C encoded L2 protein. When tested on a large number of B. cereus standard and other related Bacillus species, there was no cross-reactivity observed among the group of MAbs. The presence of HBL component toxins among the strains recovered from food and environmental sources was evaluated by these sets of MAbs and the results compared with that of PCRs for the individual HBL toxin gene components. The HBL toxin profile characterization of the strains by Western blot using MAbs almost matched with the PCR profiles. The MAbs reported here, therefore, can be of immense help in providing the B. cereus identification/detection reliably, rapidly, and at a relatively low cost.
Reactions of Oriented Molecules (1976)

Beams of oriented molecules have been used to directly study geometrical requirements in chemical reactions. These studies have shown that reactivity is much greater in some orientations than others and demonstrated the existence of steric effects. For some reactions portions of the orientation results are in good accord with traditional views of steric hindrance, but for others it is clear that our chemical intuition needs recalibrating. Indeed, the information gained from simultaneously orienting the reactants and observing the scattering angle of the products may lead to new insights about the detailed mechanism of certain reactions. Further work must be done to extend the scope and detail of the studies described here. More detailed information is needed on the CH(3)I reaction and the CF(3)I reaction. The effects of alkyl groups of various sizes and alkali metals of various sizes are of interest. In addition, reactions where a long-lived complex is formed should be studied to see if orientation is important. Finally, it would be of interest to apply the technique to the sort of reactions that led to our interest in the first place: the S(N)2 displacements in alkyl halides where the fascinating Walden inversion occurs.
Mitigating Information Leakage in Image Representations: A Maximum Entropy Approach (2019)

Image recognition systems have demonstrated tremendous progress over the past few decades thanks, in part, to our ability of learning compact and robust representations of images. As we witness the wide spread adoption of these systems, it is imperative to consider the problem of unintended leakage of information from an image representation, which might compromise the privacy of the data owner. This paper investigates the problem of learning an image representation that minimizes such leakage of user information. We formulate the problem as an adversarial non-zero sum game of finding a good embedding function with two competing goals: to retain as much task dependent discriminative image information as possible, while simultaneously minimizing the amount of information, as measured by entropy, about other sensitive attributes of the user. We analyze the stability and convergence dynamics of the proposed formulation using tools from non-linear systems theory and compare to that of the corresponding adversarial zero-sum game formulation that optimizes likelihood as a measure of information content. Numerical experiments on UCI, Extended Yale B, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets indicate that our proposed approach is able to learn image representations that exhibit high task performance while mitigating leakage of predefined sensitive information.
Fabrication and characterization of chitosan–collagen crosslinked membranes for corneal tissue engineering (2014)

This article describes a chitosan-collagen composite membrane as corneal tissue-engineering biomaterials. The membrane was prepared by dissolving the chitosan into collagen with the weight ratio of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 100%, followed by crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Mechanical properties, contact angles, and optical transmittance were determined and compared between chitosan membrane and crosslinking composite membrane. As a result, the optical transparency and mechanical strength of the chitosan-collagen membranes were significantly better than that of the sample of chitosan. In addition, in vitro cell culture studies revealed that the collagen has no negative effect on the cell morphology, viability, and proliferation and possess good biocompatibility. Overall, the dendrimer crosslinked chitosan-collagen composite membranes showed promising properties that suggest that these might be suitable biomaterials for corneal tissue-engineering applications.
Zirconium alloying and grain refinement of magnesium alloys (2003)

Factors that influence alloying zirconium to magnesium with a Mg-33.3Zr master alloy and the subsequent grain refinement are discussed based on a large number of experiments conducted at the laboratory scale (up to 30 kg of melt). It is shown that the zirconium particles released from the Zirmax(R) master alloy must be brought into thorough contact with the melt by an appropriate stirring process in order to attain a good dissolution of zirconium. The influence of alloying temperature on the recovery of zirconium was found to be negligible in the range from 680 to 780 degreesC. An ideal zirconium alloying process should end up with both high soluble and high total zirconium in the melt in order to achieve the best grain refinement in the final alloy. The distribution of zirconium in the final alloy microstructure is inhomogeneous and almost all of the zirconium in solution is concentrated in zirconium-rich cores in the microstructure.
New learning algorithm for training multilayered neural networks that uses genetic-algorithm techniques (1992)

The Letter discusses a new method for training multilayered neural networks that uses genetic-algorithm techniques. Tests show that this method, called GenLearn, is significantly faster than methods that use the generalised delta rule. Gen-Learn also has the advantage that, unlike the generalised delta rule, it can escape local minima in its search of weight space.
The Current Finnancial Crisis (2008)

Comunicación presentada en la 6th Trobada Barcelona Economics, Xarxa de Referència d'R+D+I en Economia Analítica, Barcelona GSE Research Network, celebrada el 24 de octubre de 2008 en Barcelona (España)
Developmental Neurobiology and the Natural History of Nerve Growth Factor (1982)

I was invited to write about the discovery of Nerve Growth Factor and its relationship to developmental neurobiology. Rather than detail the life of NGF over the past 30 years, I wish to concentrate on what was the most attractive and also the most unusual feature in the investigation of NGF: that each finding has signaled a new turning point and opened up a new perspective. The story of NGF is therefore more like a detective story than a scientific enterprise, since science usually unfolds according to well-defined rules, along the route paved by previous findings. In retrospect, the previous experience with NGP holds out the promise that as many turning points still await us on the road ahead as we experienced on the road we have traveled so far. To me this is an encouraging rather than a depressing thought; the abrupt end of a scientific pursuit is more often synonymous with an intellectual dead end than with a goal successfully achieved. By way of introduction, I shall recount the early beginnings of this research, which are well known to old-timers but probably not to biochemically trained newcomers who were lured to take part in this game by the molecule itself and who are only vaguely acquainted with its natural history and with its problems.
Self‐Assembled Germanium/Carbon Nanostructures as High‐Power Anode Material for the Lithium‐Ion Battery (2012)

Einfach leistungsstark: Zwei Germanium-Kohlenstoff-Nanostrukturen wurden mittels einfacher Selbstorganisation erhalten. Über die Größe der Germanium-Nanopartikel-Vorstufe konnten kontrolliert Cluster- und Nicht-Cluster- Nanostrukturen hergestellt werden. Die Cluster-Ge/C-Verbindung zeigte ein verbessertes Speichervermögen und eine außergewöhnlich hohe Leistung (siehe Bild; Q=Ladungskapazität und V=Spannung).
Optimised function for determining time to peak creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB as non-invasive reperfusion indicators after thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (1990)

In comparison with the other models, deviations of the experimental model function from the raw data were minimal. The fit remained stable for time intervals between blood samples of up to 6 h. CONCLUSIONS - Due to its numerical stability, the function outlined in this study is suitable for large clinical reperfusion trials. In the case of uncomplicated infarctions without thrombolytic therapy, the area under the creatine kinase activity curve could be directly calculated in terms of maximum activity and time to peak.
La enseñanza de la historia para la integración y la cultura de paz (2000)

Palabras: Ensenanza de la historia, Cultura de paz, Integracion Latinoamericana.Areas: Ciencias Humanas -- Historia, Ciencias Humanas -- Educacion -- Ensenanza-Aprendizaje.
Current and advanced pressure vessel surveillance specimen evaluation techniques (1973)

From 21st conference on remote systems technology; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). See CONF-731111-. Nuclear reactor pressure vessels are exposed to irradiation during normal operation. The mechanical properties of the steels typically used are appreciably changed by the irradiation. Commercial power reactors incorporate surveillance capsules containing mechanical property specimens including tensile specimens. Charpy V- notch impact specimens, and, in some capsules, wedgeopen-loading fracture mechanics specimens. Capsules are periodically removed, and specimens are tested to determine the changes in the mechanical properties. Current testing techniques include conventional Charpy V-notch impact testing, tensile testing, and fracture toughness testing. Advanced testing techniques which show promise for surveillance testing include instrumental Charpy testing and acoustic emission monitoring. (auth)
Internet of Things for Disaster Management: State-of-the-Art and Prospects (2017)

Disastrous events are cordially involved with the momentum of nature. As such mishaps have been showing off own mastery, situations have gone beyond the control of human resistive mechanisms far ago. Fortunately, several technologies are in service to gain affirmative knowledge and analysis of a disaster's occurrence. Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has opened a promising door toward catering of multitude problems related to agriculture, industry, security, and medicine due to its attractive features, such as heterogeneity, interoperability, light-weight, and flexibility. This paper surveys existing approaches to encounter the relevant issues with disasters, such as early warning, notification, data analytics, knowledge aggregation, remote monitoring, real-time analytics, and victim localization. Simultaneous interventions with IoT are also given utmost importance while presenting these facts. A comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art scenarios to handle disastrous events is presented. Furthermore, IoT-supported protocols and market-ready deployable products are summarized to address these issues. Finally, this survey highlights open challenges and research trends in IoT-enabled disaster management systems.
The Trinity without Tiers (2011)

The author, Reverend Dr. Peter Giles delivered the St Paul's College Cable Lecture in December 2010. He spoke unequivocally about a co-equal Trinity confirming the confession given in the Athanasian Creed.
MEAT MASSAGING: THE EFFECTS OF SALT, PHOSPHATE AND MASSAGING ON THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEINS IN THE EXUDATE OF A SECTIONED AND FORMED HAM (1978)

ABSTRACT Samples of the tacky exudate formed on meat surfaces as a result of salt, phosphate and massaging were removed at intervals during 24 hr of massaging, and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the relative percentage of various myofibrillar proteins present. The results showed that phosphate exerts the greatest effect on the relative percentages of actin, myosin and tropomyosin, and its action occurs primarily on meat surfaces before the massaging process is initiated. The massaging process involves great degrees of tissue destruction at the cellular level which aids in the extraction, solubilization, concentration and distribution of the major myofibrillar proteins on surfaces and in interiors of muscle chunks, which is beneficial in the improvement of binding.
Hot Spline Forming of Ultra-High Strength Steel Gear Drum Using Resistance Heating (2014)

A hot spline forming process of die-quenched gear drums using resistance heating of a side wall of a cup formed by cold deep drawing and ironing was developed. The side wall having uniform cross-sectional area is resistance-heated by passage of the current in the axial direction, the heated side wall of the drawn cup is ironed and is finally die-quenched. The gear drum was successfully formed and the hardness was between 400 and 500 HV. Not only the formability was improved but also the formed dram was hardly oxidised because of rapid resistance heating.