gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
動物穿刺液細胞の主として組織培養法を応用せる生体染色の研究 第一編 マウス他各種動物の正常時腹水細胞特に食細胞の所見 (1958)

The author performed basic-dye vital staining of ascites cells, especially phagocytes, of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and chickens or acidic-dye vital staining by injecting dyes into the peritoneal cavity of these animals, by means of tissue culture in both cases, and obtained the following results: 1. In the cases of basic-dye vital staining phagocytes present a neutral red rosette formation as their basic picture; and mitochondria are distributed around the nucleus, revealing an appearance much like a moncyte; and the higher the animal is the more pronounced is this tendency. 2. In the acidic-dye vital staining as applied to mice, at each additional injection of the dye the degree and percentage of staining cells increase step by step as if it indicated an increase in the degeneration of cells with each injection. Although these cells do not demonstrate characteristics in so high a degree as in the case of basic dyes, they, nevertheless, present essentially a staining picture resembling the findings on monocytes, considering these cells prior to degeneratiou. From these findings it may be said that the picture of vital staining in the ascites cells resembles that of monocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids of Templetonia retusa. Chemistry, Structure and Absolute Configuration of (‐)‐Templetine. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antiphase complex-coupled surface-emitting distributed-feedback diode lasers (1997)

Anti-phase-type complex-coupled, surface-emitting distributed feedback (CC-SE-DFB) diode lasers are analyzed for the first time. For certain design parameters, both loss-coupled as well as gain-coupled structures are shown to select lasing in the symmetric mode (i.e. orthonormal emission in a single-lobe pattern). For loss-coupled structures we analyze a relatively simple configuration: a metallic second-order grating placed atop a diode-laser structure. This type of SE-CC-DFB structure can simply be fabricated by a lift-off and evaporation process; can operate in a single-lobed, orthonormal beam with a rather uniform near-field intensity pattern, and external differential quantum efficiency, (eta) <SUB>d</SUB>, values in excess of 30%. Gain-coupled devices consist of a semiconductor- based 2<SUP>nd</SUP>-order grating placed at the metal- semiconductor p-side interface. By comparison to loss- coupled devices the threshold gain is reduced by a factor of 2 to 3. A design for realizing 2D single-lobe, surface- emitting sources is discussed.
Function of microglia in organotypic slice cultures (1999)

We have examined the functional characteristics of microglia in an environment where the cytoarchitecture of the brain is preserved. Using organotypic slice culture under serum-free conditions, microglia initially demonstrated a rounded morphology but after 10 days in vitro (DIV), microglia in the slice were highly branched. Stimulation of the microglia at 4 DIV with phorbol ester significantly increased the number of cells stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, an indicator of superoxide anion production, compared to non-stimulated conditions. At 10 DIV, superoxide anion production was significantly less than that seen at 4 DIV and no increase in production was seen with phorbol ester stimulation. Phagocytosis of fluorescent latex beads and chemotaxis of microglia in response to zymosan activated serum was also reduced at 10 DIV compared to 4 DIV. These experiments indicate that microglia at 4 DIV in tissue slice culture have functional characteristics that resemble microglia in primary culture. However, prolonged culture of the slices results in a return of the microglia to a ramified and functionally down-regulated state, reminiscent of an "in vivo"-like environment. The organotypic slice culture, thus, provides a useful model system to I examine the interactions of microglia with neurons and other glia in the normal and injured brain.
Netrin-1 Is a Critical Autocrine/Paracrine Factor for Osteoclast Differentiation (2014)

Bone metabolism is a vital process that involves resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts, which is closely regulated by immune cells. The neuronal guidance protein Netrin-1 regulates immune cell migration and inflammatory reactions, but its role in bone metabolism is unknown. During osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast precursors increase expression of Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b. Netrin-1 binds, in an autocrine and paracrine manner, to Unc5b to promote osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and absence of Netrin-1 or antibody-mediated blockade of Netrin-1 or Unc5b prevents osteoclast differentiation of both murine and human precursors. We confirmed the functional relationship of Netrin-1 in osteoclast differentiation in vivo using Netrin-1-deficient (Ntn1(-/-) ) or wild-type (WT) bone marrow transplanted mice. Notably, Ntn1(-/-) chimeras have markedly diminished osteoclasts, as well as increased cortical and trabecular bone density and volume compared with WT mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Netrin-1 regulates osteoclast differentiation by altering cytoskeletal assembly. Netrin-1 increases regulator of Rho-GEF subfamily (LARG) and repulsive guidance molecule (RGMa) association with Unc5b, which increases expression and activation of cytoskeletal regulators RhoA and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b likely play a role in fusion of osteoclast precursors because Netrin-1 and DC-STAMP are tightly linked. These results identify Netrin-1 as a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation that may be a new target for bone therapies.
MMP9 is protective against lethal inflammatory mass lesions in the mouse colon (2010)

The family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is responsible for extracellular matrix degradation during physiological and pathophysiological tissue remodeling processes such as embryogenesis, tissue repair and cancer progression. Despite these important roles of MMPs, inhibition or ablation of individual members of the MMP family in animal models have been shown to have little effect. It has been speculated that this results from a functional overlap between individual MMPs and (as-yet-unclassified) functional overlaps between MMPs and other protease systems. We here present genetic data showing that concomitant ablation of MMP9 (gelatinase B) and the serine protease plasmin results in lethal inflammatory mass lesions in the colon. These lesions possessed several histological attributes that are characteristic of mucosal prolapse seen in humans, and they were found to be associated with splenomegaly, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, decreased thymus size and altered populations of circulating immune cells. A time-course study provided evidence that the massive lymphoid hyperplasia and reactive changes were secondary to discrete fibrinous lesions also observed in mice only deficient for plasminogen (Plg), the zymogen for plasmin. These data demonstrate a non-appreciated vital protective role for MMP9 in the absence of Plg.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (1983)

Colonel, MC Division of Combat Casualty Care Letterman Army Institute of Research The Presidio of San Francisco, California 94129
Photochemische Reaktionen. 71. Mitteilung. Die Photoisomerisierung eines spirocyclischen α, β‐Epoxyketons (1973)

Abstract On direct UV. irradiation and on triplet sensitization with acetophenone the spirocyclic epoxyketone ( R )‐(−)‐ 9 undergoes racemization (Φ 313/334 0.014, Φ Sens 0.0060) and rearrangement to the enantiomeric spiro‐β‐diketones ( R )‐(+)‐ 14 (Φ 313/334 0.068, Φ Sens 0.0037) and ( S )‐(−)‐ 14 (Φ 313/334 0.024, Φ Sens 0.0023). The quantum yield data show that triplet reaction due to intersystem crossing is unimportant on direct irradiation, and they exclude that one common diradical intermediate of type d (Scheme 8) for the three reaction paths is involved in both the singlet and the triplet reaction. The postulate of photolytic CαO epoxide cleavage to intermediates of type d for the rearrangement requires that the rate of rearrangement is greater than the rate of rotation around the CαCβ; bond in a given d , and that the rate difference is greater in singlet‐generated d than in the triplet analogue. Reclosure of diradicals d and/or photolytic CαCβ cleavage to diradical e and reclosure can account for the racemization of 9 . The optically active spiro‐β‐diketone 14 was found to racemize also on direct irradiation and on triplet sensitization. Furthermore, both 14 and the isomeric β‐diketone 20 , which was obtained by UV. irradiation of the homocyclic epoxyketone 19 , photochemically isomerize to the enol lactones 23 and 21 , respectively.
Reducing noise hazards for call and dispatch center operators. (2011)

Workers at call and dispatch centers may suffer health risks associated with high noise levels from their headsets. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and developed recommendations for prevention.
Effect of Blend Preparation on Electrical, Dielectric, and Dynamical‐Mechanical Properties of Conducting Polymer Blend: SBS Triblock Copolymer/Polyaniline (2007)

Abstract Conducting polymer blends based on styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer and polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Pani.DBSA) were prepared by different procedures: mechanical mixing (MM) and ‘in situ’ polymerization (ISP) methods. The ISP blends exhibited higher levels of electrical conductivity, as compared to MM blends. The scanning electron micrographs of the ISP blend were characterized by the presence of microtubules, which favored the formation of the conducting pathways inside the SBS matrix. From dynamic mechanical and dielectric analysis, it was possible to suggest a higher interaction degree of the polyaniline with the polystyrene phase of the block copolymer. Blends prepared by ISP method displayed also higher dielectric constant and higher dielectric loss factor than blends prepared by MM method. magnified image
Chemical‐Mechanical Polishing for Polysilicon Surface Micromachining (1997)

This paper explores the use of chemical‐mechanical polishing (CMP) in polysilicon surface micromachining for removing the inherent surface roughness of polysilicon to create a mirror surface finish and for globally planarizing the wafer surface to extend mechanical design capabilities in polysilicon surface micromachining processes. It is demonstrated that device fabrication with polished polysilicon films deposited over unpolished ones benefit from improved feature definition and delineation and better sidewall quality. Experiments were performed to determine the effect of CMP process parameters on the polysilicon removal rate and surface roughness reduction rate. Undoped and heavily phosphorus‐doped 11 μm thick polysilicon films were polished with roughness reduction rates of 47 and 71 Å/min, respectively; removal rates of 167 and 513 Å/min were achieved. The undoped and heavily phosphorous‐doped films, which had initial average roughness values of 580 and 517 Å, respectively, were polished down to average roughness values of 17 and 19 Å. A 15:1 polysilicon to oxide selectivity was achieved and utilized for global planarization to create polysilicon islands in oxide.
Oxygen isotopes indicate most intracellular water in log-phase <i>Escherichia coli</i> is derived from metabolism (2005)

The transport of water into and out of unicellular organisms is a seemingly simple process in which water diffuses either through pores or directly across the membrane. Because of the rates at which water can theoretically diffuse, it is generally accepted that intracellular water is indistinguishable from extracellular water. Using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we directly tested this assumption. Here we demonstrate that under active growth, up to 70% of the intracellular water in log-phase Escherichia coli cells was actually generated during metabolism and was isotopically distinct from extracellular water. The contribution of metabolism to intracellular water was substantially less in stationary-phase or quiescent cells.
Mixed-Ring and Indenyl Analogs of Molybdenocene and Tungstenocene: Preparation and Characterization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed-Ring and Indenyl Analogs of Molybdenocene and Tungstenocene: Preparation and CharacterizationJose R. Ascenso, Cristina G. de Azevedo, Isabel S. Goncalves, Eberhardt Herdtweck, Domitilia S. Moreno, Miguel Pessanha, and Carlos C. RomaoCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 8, 3901–3919Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00008a042https://doi.org/10.1021/om00008a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Preliminary estimation of minimum target dose in intracavitary radiotherapy for cervical cancer. (2002)

Preliminary estimation revealed that Dmin varies widely under generic dose prescription. Thorough Dmin specification will be realized when ICRT-applicator insertion is performed under MR imaging.
Chronic subordination stress selectively downregulates the insulin signaling pathway in liver and skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue of male mice (2016)

Chronic stress has been associated with obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. We developed a model of chronic psychosocial stress (CPS) in which subordinate mice are vulnerable to obesity and the metabolic-like syndrome while dominant mice exhibit a healthy metabolic phenotype. Here we tested the hypothesis that the metabolic difference between subordinate and dominant mice is associated with changes in functional pathways relevant for insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Male mice were exposed to CPS for four weeks and fed either a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). We first measured, by real-time PCR candidate genes, in the liver, skeletal muscle, and the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pWAT). Subsequently, we used a probabilistic analysis approach to analyze different ways in which signals can be transmitted across the pathways in each tissue. Results showed that subordinate mice displayed a drastic downregulation of the insulin pathway in liver and muscle, indicative of insulin resistance, already on standard diet. Conversely, pWAT showed molecular changes suggestive of facilitated fat deposition in an otherwise insulin-sensitive tissue. The molecular changes in subordinate mice fed a standard diet were greater compared to HFD-fed controls. Finally, dominant mice maintained a substantially normal metabolic and molecular phenotype even when fed a HFD. Overall, our data demonstrate that subordination stress is a potent stimulus for the downregulation of the insulin signaling pathway in liver and muscle and a major risk factor for the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Catechol boronate formation and its electrochemical oxidation (2009)

The reversible boronate formation between electrochemically active substituted catechols and a fluorescent boronic acid was studied in methanol.
Sex Steroid-Induced Changes in Circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels May Contribute to Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Men (2012)

Initial alterations in sex steroid levels may contribute to metabolic dysfunction through adverse effects on adipokine levels in obese men. The direct adverse effects on MCP1, a chemokine highly linked to the development of metabolic dysfunction, were substantiated in a trial mimicking obesity-related alterations of sex steroid levels in healthy young males.
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease. (1983)

Ultrasonography is the technique of choice in diagnosing gallbladder calculi. In the mid-1970s ultrasound was only accurate enough to use as an adjunct to oral cholecystography but refinements such as gray scale and real-time imaging mean that in experienced hands it has a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 93%. Sonography is also the test of choice in the initial evaluation of jaundiced patients. It is an excellent technique for distinguishing between obstructive and nonobstructive jaundice, although it is less accurate in demonstrating the cause of the obstruction. Ultrasound is painless and relatively inexpensive, and has several advantages over oral cholecystography; it doesn't depend on contrast material, causes no adverse reactions or side-effects, is safe during pregnancy, does not expose the patient to radiation, and is less time-consuming.
The effects of catalyst surface heterogeneity on the fischer‐tropsch synthesis (1988)

Abstract We find that the surface energetic heterogeneity of Fischer‐Tropsch catalysts is either not important kinetically or may be masked by the effect of increasing molecular size, so that the classical Anderson‐Schulz‐Flory distribution is routinely observed in product distributions. The anomalous yields of C 1 and C 2 observed in many cases may also be due to surface heterogeneity but can in practice be readily, and more conveniently, accounted for by assigning individual rate constants to their formation. The “break” sometimes observed in ASF distributions cannot be explained by surface heterogeneity and is best explained by the presence of two distinct modes of product formation.
DNA-drug recognition and effects on topoisomerase II-mediated cytotoxicity. A three-mode binding model for ellipticine derivatives (1991)

Cytotoxic effects and topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breaks induced in vitro by ellipticine derivatives were examined in connection with 1H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) studies on molecular structures and interactions of drugs with DNA. The compounds included four 9-hydroxyellipticine and two 7-hydroxyisoellipticine derivatives. Structure-activity relationships indicated that a change in nitrogen atom position in the pyridinic ring greatly affected drug effects both on topoisomerase II action and cytotoxicity to L1210 cells. The four 9-hydroxyellipticine derivatives yielded bell-shaped curves in in vitro topoisomerase II-mediated DNA break assays, whereas the two 7-hydroxyisoellipticine derivatives demonstrated an almost linear increase at the same concentration (0-10 microM). In both cases, the intensity of cleavage was modulated by the position and the degree of methylation on the pyridinic ring, and results were correlated with cytotoxic activity expressed as the in vitro ID50 values for L1210 leukemia cells. 1H NMR experiments performed on free drug molecules in solution revealed that the two protons (alpha and beta) contiguous to the biologically important hydroxy group were sensitive to changes in electron distribution produced by the distant chemical modifications and methylations of the pyridinic ring. A linear relationship was observed between the differences in chemical shifts of alpha and beta protons (delta delta alpha-beta) versus ID50 values. CD experiments indicated that, at weak ionic strength I = 0.02 and at pH 7, drugs interact with the poly[d(A-T)] duplex according to a "three-mode binding model" which is governed by the drug structure and the drug to DNA ratio. The intercalation mode was related to the induction of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage, while the external binding mode consecutive to intercalation was related to cleavage suppression. These two modes concerned the good intercalators 9-hydroxyellipticines. The third was found for the weak intercalators 7-hydroxyisoellipticines and was characterized by self-stacked molecules bound "outside" DNA, presumably in the minor groove. Ligands either could be intercalated partially or linked at the edge of bases with a small number of molecules filling intercalation sites, for the second alternative. In addition to having different binding modes, 9-hydroxyellipticines were better inducers of DNA distortions than 7-hydroxyisoellipticines. The incidence of the drug binding modes on DNA-topoisomerase II recognition was discussed in connection with the in vitro cytotoxic activity exhibited by the drugs.
Demonstration of a circulating suppressor factor of thymocyte proliferation during endotoxin fever in humans. (1981)

Sub-pyrogenic levels of human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) have been shown to enhance phytohemagglutinin-induced murine thymocyte proliferation. It was concluded that LP is similar to lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF). Since endotoxin stimulates the production of LP and LAF, we attempted to employ in vitro thymocyte proliferation to detect circulating LP/LAF in 12 normal human subjects during experimental endotoxin fever. Sera obtained before and during fever were first mixed with an immunoadsorbent that binds human LP/LAF, and then the dissociated material was added to thymocyte cultures. Material derived from sera obtained during the maximum fever (3 to 4 hr after endotoxin) was markedly suppressive for thymocyte proliferation in vitro. The appearance of this suppressive effect correlated with the profound lymphopenia observed in the subjects. This suppressor factor(s) was nondialyzable and was destroyed at 70 degrees C, and its suppressive effects inhibited the lymphocyte-activating property of LP/LAF. In addition, the suppression of PHA responses did not appear to be modulated by prostaglandin synthesis. The results demonstrate that a factor circulates during endotoxin fever in humans that suppresses in vitro thymocyte proliferation.
Elucidating the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Network in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia through Phosphoproteomics Analysis (2010)

Since PDCD4 and HSP27 have previously been associated with cancer and regulation of cell growth and apoptosis, these proteins may have novel implications in CLL cell survival and represent potential therapeutic targets. PDCD4 also represents a previously unknown signaling target of chemokine receptors; therefore, these observations increase our understanding of alternative pathways to migration that may be activated or inhibited by chemokines in the context of cancer cell survival.
High Rates of Protein Synthesis by Isolated Chloroplasts (1982)

Improvements are described in the preparation and in vitro conditions of an intact pea (Pisum sativum Progress No. 9) chloroplast system which provides high efficiency for translation of endogenous messenger RNA, using light as an energy source. High rates result in the incorporation into protein of up to 100 nanomoles tritiated leucine per milligram chlorophyll. These rates suggest extensive reinitiation, and repeated utilization of the messenger RNA that code for thylakoid proteins. Up to 39 radioactive thylakoid peptide bands were detected by fluorography after labeling with tritiated leucine.