gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiative and energetic constraints on the global annual mean atomic oxygen concentration in the mesopause region (2013)

Abstract We present a new approach to constrain and validate atomic oxygen (O) concentrations in the mesopause region (~ 80 to ~ 100 km). In a prior companion paper [ Mlynczak et al ., ], we presented O‐atom concentrations in the mesopause region inferred from measurements of day ozone and night hydroxyl emission rates made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument. The approach presented here uses the constraint of global, annual mean energy balance to derive atomic oxygen concentrations, consistent with rates of radiative cooling by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and solar heating due to molecular oxygen (O 2 ). The mathematical difference between these cooling and heating rates, on a global annual mean basis, effectively constrains the maximum heating rate for the sum of all other processes. The remaining terms, solar heating due to ozone plus a series of exothermic chemical reactions can be expressed as functions of O. This new approach enables a simple mathematical expression that yields the vertical profile of global annual mean “radiatively constrained” atomic oxygen in the mesopause region. The radiatively constrained atomic oxygen depends only on the CO 2 cooling rates, O 2 solar heating rates, and standard reaction rate coefficients and enthalpies. Radiative cooling and solar heating rates used in these analyses are derived from measurements made by the SABER instrument on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. There is excellent agreement between the SABER radiatively constrained atomic oxygen and that derived from the SABER ozone and OH emission measurements over most of the mesopause region. Radiatively constrained atomic oxygen represents an upper limit on the global average O‐atom concentration in the mesopause region.
A phase I study of foretinib plus erlotinib in patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Canadian cancer trials group IND.196 (2017)

Combining foretinib and erlotinib demonstrated response in unselected advanced NSCLC but also incremental toxicity. Future development will require molecular patient selection.
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN CYCLIC PHOSPHONITE AND AROMATIC CYCLIC DISULFIDE TO FORM A SPIRO DITHIOPHOSPHORANE. OBSERVATION OF REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION OF A PHOSPHORUS(V) COMPOUND (1984)

Abstract Aus Phenyl‐ethylenphosphonit (I) erhält man mit den Arylen‐disulfiden (II) in reversibler Reaktion die Addukte (III); (IIIa) wird mit Glykol zum freien Bis‐thiophenol (V) und dem spirocyclischen P‐Derivat (VI) zerlegt.
Thermal Decomposition of Copper Bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) (1988)

Abstract : Decomposition of the vapor phase of copper bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) under the effect of thermal activation was studied. It was found that the temperature at which the decomposition is carried out influences the chemical composition of deposits; the higher the temperature, the more carbon is incorporated. It is believed that this is the first time it has been demonstrated that metal-ligand decomposition in the copper compound has to be effected below the ligand decomposition temperature.
Peak Power Characteristics of a SC‐FDMA Signal (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Peak Power Characteristics of a Single Carrier Signal PAPR of Single Antenna Transmission Signals PAPR of Multiple Antenna Transmission Signals Peak Power Reduction by Symbol Amplitude Clipping Summary References
Simplified rapid non‐radioactive PCR‐SSCP method applied to K‐ras mutation analysis (1996)

A newly modified non-RI, PCR-SSCP method is presented and applied to K-ras analysis of colorectal tumors. It comprises five steps: (1) sampling of tiny pieces of fresh solid tissue by scraping with disposable bamboo combs (thin bars made of bamboo, 3 x 3 x 120 mm in size); (2) one-step DNA extraction with lysis buffer containing proteinase K, Nonidet P-40 and Tween 20; (3) PCR with 108 bp, c-ki-ras 2 gene primers; (4) SSCP analysis with 10% formamide-added polyacrylamide gels; and (5) detection with silver staining. In comparison with conventional RI- or non-RI-PCR-SSCP, It can give reliable and clear results in a much shorter time (within a total of 6 h). This novel approach should allow more frequent use of molecular diagnosis in biopsies and surgical pathology.
Effect of magnetic field in electron-impact ion sources and simulation of electron trajectories (2006)

Effect of magnetic field has been studied for the electron-impact ion sources coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Computer simulation of electron trajectories showed better collimation and more helical rotations under stronger magnetic field, suggesting enhanced ionization efficiency. However, the magnetic field showed different effect on the mass spectrometer signals for different types of ion sources. For the cross beam ion source, where ion beam direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the mass spectrometer signals decreased when the magnetic field strength was higher than 20G. For the axial ion source, where both the electron beam and ion beam are on the same axis of the magnetic field, the mass spectrometer signals increased almost linearly with the applied magnetic field intensity. The axial ion source with a magnet intensity of 800G showed about five times improvement in mass spectrometer sensitivity compared with the cross beam ion source.
Observation of the topological Aharonov-Casher phase shift by neutron interferometry (1989)

The phase shift predicted by Aharonov and Casher for a magnetic dipole diffracting around a charged electrode has been observed for the case of thermal neutrons, using a neutron interferometer containing a 30-kV/mm vacuum electrode system. The judicious use of the Earth's gravitational field introduces a spin-independent phase shift which enables unpolarized neutrons to be used. A supplementary magnetic bias field of the correct magnitude allows first-order sensitivity to be achieved; even so, the theoretically predicted phase shift is only 1.50 mrad for the geometry and conditions of the experiment. We observe a phase shift of 2.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.52 mrad.
A spatio-temporal approach for multiple object detection in videos using graphs and probability maps (2014)

International audience
Removal of Radioiodine from Gas Streams by Electrolytic Scrubbing (1976)

Both molecular iodine and methyl iodide can be removed from air streams by electrolytic scrubbing using a solution of cobalt in dilute nitric acid. In a test system, 1350 ml/min of air containing 100 ppm CH3I was contacted with 30 ml of 0.1 M Co—8 M HNO3 in an anode compartment that had a current of 4 A; this resulted in a decontamination factor (DF) of ∼100 for iodine. A similar test using molecular iodine in air gave a DF of ∼600.
Biofilm-degrading enzymes from<i>Lysobacter gummosus</i> (2014)

Biofilm-degrading enzymes could be used for the gentle cleaning of industrial and medical devices and the manufacture of biofilm-resistant materials. We therefore investigated 20 species and strains of the bacterial genus Lysobacter for their ability to degrade experimental biofilms formed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common nosocomial pathogen typically associated with device-related infections. The highest biofilm-degradation activity was achieved by L. gummosus. The corresponding enzymes were identified by sequencing the L. gummosus genome. Partial purification of the biofilm-degrading activity from an extract of extracellular material followed by peptide mass fingerprinting resulted in the identification of two peptidases (α-lytic protease and β-lytic metalloendopeptidase) that were predicted to degrade bacterial cell walls. In addition, we identified two isoforms of a lysyl endopeptidase and an enzyme similar to metalloproteases from Vibrio spp. Potential peptidoglycan-binding C-terminal fragments of two OmpA-like proteins also co-purified with the biofilm-degrading activity. The L. gummosus genome was found to encode five isoenzymes of α-lytic protease and three isoenzymes of lysyl endopeptidase. These results indicated that the extracellular digestion of biofilms by L. gummosus depends on multiple bacteriolytic and proteolytic enzymes, which could now be exploited for biofilm control.
Docking topical hierarchies: A comparison of two algorithms for reconciling keyword structures (2001)

Hierarchies are a natural way for people to organize information, as\nreflected by the common use of ``broader/narrower'' term relation in keyword\nthesauri. However, different people and organizations tend to construct\ndifferent conceptual hierarchies (e.g., contrast Yahoo! with the UseNet news\nhierarchy), and while there are often significant commonalities it is in\ngeneral quite difficult to fully reconcile them. We are particularly\ninterested in the problem of ``docking'' a narrower, more focused and refined\ntopical hierarchy into a broader one, and describe two algorithms for\naccomplishing this task. The first matches hierarchies based on a bipartite\nmatching algorithm of (textual) features of nodes without consideration of\ntheir hierarchic organization, and the second is based on an attributed tree\nmatching algorithm which uses both hierarchic structure and node features. We\npresent experimental results showing the performance of both algorithms on a\nset of very different topical hierarchies, all designed to represent the field\nof {\\tt Computer\\_Science}. These show that hierarchic structure does indeed\nallow more accurate matches than nodes alone.\nPre-2018 CSE ID: CS2001-0669
Enzyme inhibition as a source of new drugs (1981)

Abstract The significance of enzymes as targets of drug action is discussed. New approaches to the rational design of enzyme inhibitors are characterized by a pronounced shift of emphasis toward the targets of drug action, as the structure and function of an increasing number of enzymes are described in great detail. The most promising of the recently developed approaches is the design of mechanism‐based enzyme inhibitors and, in particular, suicide inactivators. These require enzymic activation of “latent” functional groups to chemically reactive species. The various functionalities currently encountered are reviewed, grouped into chemical categories. The various aspects of the selectivity and the specificity of mechanism‐based enzyme inhibitors, as well as the stability of drug‐enzyme complexes, are discussed in detail. Reversible covalent bond formation is demonstrated by the recovery of thymidylate synthetase activity after inactivation by various 5‐substituted pyrimidine analogs, using purified bacterial enzyme preparations or intact mammalian cells. The fragmentation and secondary reactions of the inhibitor within the complex are described using typical examples of the action of penicillin on its targets and clavulanate on /3‐lactamase, respectively. The perspectives of enzyme inhibitory drug development are discussed, and some of the many areas currently undergoing rapid exploration are mentioned. It is concluded that the rational design of enzyme inhibitors will play an ever‐increasing and significant role in new drug discovery and development.
ChemInform Abstract: Butenolide Synthesis Using Acylcobalt Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Enantioselective Syntheses of α‐Arylalkanamines via Intermediate Addition of Grignard Reagents to a Chiral Hydrazone Derived from (R)‐(‐)‐2‐Aminobutan‐1‐ol. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Doing Good for Whom? An Empirical Investigation of Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance (2016)

The Resource Based View (RBV) and its extension a Natural Resource Based View (NRBV) of the firm suggest positive benefits associated with disclosure of a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, by signaling quality of management to its investors.With increased transparency of firm information available on the Internet, this assertion needs re-examination.We empirically investigate the materiality of CSR disclosure to firm performance using panel data of publicly traded firms between 2009 and 2014.We find moderate support for CSR disclosure increasing firm value, with only the disclosure of social responsibility scores being associated with higher levels of firm performance, as measured by Tobin's q.This relationship is positively moderated by the extent to which a firm is consumer facing.
New Perspectives in Prostate Cancer (1998)

A summary of the highlights of the Second International Forum on Prostate Cancer, held in Cambridge in 1998. The contributors include scientists, epidemiologists and clinicians who provide both a North American and a European view of treatment. The patient's perspective is also considered.
32 fiber MACII optical interconnect for the Optoelectronic Technology Consortium (2002)

In 1992, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) awarded an $8 million contract to the Optoelectronic Technology Consortium (OETC) to develop a high speed, optical backplane interconnect. This paper describes the design, development and testing of the optical connector link serving the OETC group and users. The data link components include the transmitter and receiver modules, MACII modular interconnects, 32 fiber MACII connectors, ruggedized ribbon cable and optical fiber.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: report of a case with comparison of immunogold electron microscopy using pre- and postembedding labelling (1996)

A patient with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), who has been diagnosed as having bullous pemphigoid for 7 years, is reported. By immunoblotting, both the latest serum and a 4-year-stored serum sample of the patient, were shown to react with the 290-kDa EBA antigen or type VII collagen, but not with bullous pemphigoid antigens. Pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that the serum bound to the 'anchoring plaque' and to both ends of the anchoring fibrils in the fashion reported previously. In contrast, postembedding immunoelectron microscopy showed binding mainly to the lamina densa. These results indicate that EBA antigens are localized mainly at the lamina densa. Further studies are necessary for confirmation.
An Empirical Study of the Effect of Point Cloud Compression on the Performance of Segmentation (2019)

Object and scene representation by sets of point coordinates possibly complemented with color or other information, i.e. point clouds, is being used in several application areas like entertainment, terrain representation, architectural layout documentation and archiving and more recently, autonomous vehicle guidance systems. Due to the large size of point clouds, some of these applications require the use of compression to tackle the challenges of storage and real-time transmission of the point clouds. Since lossy compression of the point clouds information introduces geometric distortions, and given that in some cases reconstructed/decompressed point clouds will be further processed to segment its component objects, it is important to understand and characterize the effect of the type and degree of compression on the performance of the segmentation tasks. In this article we describe a set of experiments designed to empirically evaluate the effect of three different point cloud compression methods, employed at different compression rates, on the performance of three common point cloud segmentation algorithms.
Two Efficient Enantioselective Syntheses of 2-Amino-1-phenylethanol (2006)

Two enantioselective methods for the synthesis of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol have been developed. The first utilizes an enantioselective oxazaborolidine-catalyzed borane reduction of 2-chloroacetophenone (phenacyl chloride) to give the chiral chloro alcohol in good yield with an ee in the 93−97% range. Reaction with dilute ammonium hydroxide produced the amino alcohol in good yield with a high ee. The second approach involved first the conversion of phenacyl chloride to the succinimido acetophenone which was then hydrogenated using a chiral ruthenium complex in conjunction with a base and an optically active amine (Noyori procedure). This gave the optically active succinimido alcohol in very good yield with an ee of 98%. Hydrolysis with dilute base produced the optically active amino alcohol in very good yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
Measurement of Salinity Effects on Tight Gas Sands With a Computer Controlled Permeameter (1982)

ABSTRACT A completely computer controlled pulse-decay permeameter has been designed and constructed. This system can rapidly and accurately measure gas permeability on five samples simultaneously. The samples can be partially saturated with brine or oil and can be placed under confining pressure up to 100 MPa (15,000 psi) and pore pressure to 70 MPa (10,000 psi). The range of permeabilities measurable is 10−8 μm2 (0.00001 md) to 10−3 μm2 (1 md). To determine the effect of different brine mixtures on tight gas sand permeability, we saturated five adjacently cut Spirit River sandstones with five different fluids; distilled water, 5 NaCl, 10% NaCl, 1% KC1 and 5% KC1. The samples were dried to 66% saturation and gas permeability was measured under in situ pore pressure and confining pressure. This process was repeated, with appropriate equilibration time, for 55, 44, 33 and 22% saturation. The gas permeability vs. saturation curves are very similar, indicating that the samples are not sensitive to the type of fluid in the pores. This can be important in selecting fluid compositions for fracturing procedures. Scanning electron microscope photos of the samples made before and after saturation show no change in the structure of the clays which were primarily chlorite and illite.
Maximum Likelihood Quantization of Genomic Features Using Dynamic Programming (2007)

Dynamic programming is introduced to quantize a con-tinuous random variable into a discrete random variable. Quantization is often useful before statistical analysis or re-construction of large network models among multiple ran-dom variables. The quantization, through dynamic pro-gramming, finds the optimal discrete representation of the original probability density function of a random variable by maximizing the likelihood for the observed data. This algorithm is highly applicable to study genomic features such as the recombination rate across the chromosomes and the statistical properties of non-coding elements such as LINE1. In particular, the recombination rate obtained by quantization is studied for LINE1 elements that are grouped also using quantization by length. The exact and density-preserving quantization approach provides an alternative superior to the inexact and distance-based k-means clus-tering algorithm for discretization of a single variable. 1
A prototype domain modeling environment for reusable software architectures (2002)

This paper describes a prototype domain modeling environment used to demonstrate the concepts of reuse of software requirements and software architectures. The environment, which is application-domain independent, is used to support the development of domain models and to generate target system specifications from them. The prototype environment consists of an integrated set of commercial-off-the-shelf software tools and custom developed software tools. The concept of reuse is prevalent at several levels of the domain modeling method and prototype environment. The environment is domain-independent thereby supporting the specification of diverse application domain models. The domain modeling method specifies a family of systems rather than a single system; optional features characterize the variations in functional requirements supported by the family, and individual family members are specified by the features they are to support. The knowledge-based approach to target system generation provides the rules for generating target system specifications from the domain model; target system specifications, themselves, may be stored in an object repository for subsequent retrieval and reuse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of an isoglutathione derivative by proteases and its .ALPHA..RAR..GAMMA. transpeptidation. (1981)

Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-cysteine and glycine benzhydrylamide were condensed by papain in a yield of 39.5%. After elimination of the N-protecting group, L-cysteinylglycine benzhydrylamide was condensed with benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid by acid protease from Irpex lacteus Fr. in a yield of 21.0%. From the isoglutathione derivative thus obtained, αγ-linkage between glutamic acid and cysteine was formed by α→γ transpeptidation in alkaline conditions after esterification of γ-carboxylic acid.
Mepivacaine: its pharmacological effects and their relationship to analytical findings in the horse (1999)

Mepivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug that is widely used in equine medicine and is classified by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) as a Class 2 foreign substance that may cause regulators to impose significant penalties if residues are identified in post-race urine samples. Therefore, an analytical/pharmacological database was developed for this agent and its metabolites. Using an abaxial sesamoid local anaesthetic model, it was determined that the highest no-effect dose (HNED) for its local anaesthetic effect was 2 mg. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening, it was determined that subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of the HNED of mepivacaine to eight horses yielded a peak urinary concentration of apparent mepivacaine of 63 ng/mL 2 h after injection. The major identified metabolite recovered from equine urine after dosing with mepivacaine is 3-hydroxymepivacaine. Therefore, 3-hydroxymepivacaine was synthesized, purified and characterized, and a quantitative mass spectrometric method was developed for this metabolite as isolated from horse urine. Following subcutaneous injection of the HNED of mepivacaine, the concentration of 3-hydroxymepivacaine recovered from horse urine reached a peak of about 64.6 ng/mL at 4 h after administration as measured by GC/MS. The concentration of mepivacaine or its metabolites after administration of a HNED dose are detectable by mass spectral techniques. Within the limits of this research, the study suggests that recovery of concentrations less than about 65 ng/mL of 3-hydroxymepivacaine from post-race urine samples may not be associated with a recent LA effect of mepivacaine.
The Green’s function for surface acoustic waves: Comparison between theory and experiment (1996)

The transient displacement of the surface acoustic wave caused by a transient impulse line source on a sample consisting of a substrate covered by a thin layer is calculated. Starting from the Green’s tensor for an anisotropic semi-infinite half-space, the layer, which will introduce dispersion, is considered as a perturbation of this half-space. Numerical results and experimental data, obtained with an all-optical technique, for an isotropic layer on an isotropic half-space are compared and show good agreement.