gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STIMULATION OF BRAIN SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS BY DIBUTYRYL‐CYCLIC AMP IN RATS (1971)

Abstract Cyclic AMP and dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP, a derivative of cyclic AMP resistant to phosphodiesterase inactivation, were injected into the lateral ventricles of rats. These nucleotides did not change the level of brain 5‐HT but increased the brain level of its principal metabolite, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Cyclic AMP was less potent than dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP. Butyrate and 5′‐AMP were inactive. The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on 5‐HT metabolism was studied both in vivo and in vitro . The rate of synthesis of 5‐HT was measured by the rate of accumulation of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid after the transport of this acid out of the brain was blocked with probenecid. The rate of synthesis of brain 5‐HT increased from 0‐38 μg/g/h in control rats to 0‐65 μg/g/h after dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP. In addition cyclic AMP and dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP markedly increased brain tryptophan, while AMP was inactive. Since brain tryptophan hydroxylase has a K m for its substrate that is much higher than the concentrations of tryptophan normally present in the brain, it is likely that the increase in the rate of synthesis of brain 5‐HT is secondary to the cyclic AMP induced increase in the levels of brain tryptophan. In vitro studies revealed that dibutyryl‐cyclic AMP increased the uptake of radioactive labelled tryptophan into slices of rat brain stem and the formation of 5‐HT and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
<i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Autoregulates Pertussis Toxin Production through the Metabolism of Cysteine (2001)

Pertussis toxin (Ptx) expression and secretion in Bordetella pertussis are regulated by a two-component signal transduction system encoded by the bvg regulatory locus. However, it is not known whether the metabolic pathways and growth state of the bacterium influence synthesis and secretion of Ptx and other virulence factors. We have observed a reduction in the concentration of Ptx per optical density unit midway in fermentation. Studies were conducted to identify possible factors causing this reduction and to develop culture conditions that optimize Ptx expression. Medium reconstitution experiments demonstrated that spent medium and a fraction of this medium containing components with a molecular weight of <3,000 inhibited the production of Ptx. A complete flux analysis of the intermediate metabolism of B. pertussis revealed that the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine and the organic acid pyruvate accumulated in the media. In fermentation, a large amount of internal sulfate (SO4(2-)) was observed in early stage growth, followed by a rapid decrease as the cells entered into logarithmic growth. This loss was later followed by the accumulation of large quantities of SO4(2-) into the media in late-stage fermentation. Release of SO4(2-) into the media by the cells signaled the decoupling of cell growth and Ptx production. Under conditions that limited cysteine, a fivefold increase in Ptx production was observed. Addition of barium chloride (BaCl2) to the culture further increased Ptx yield. Our results suggest that B. pertussis is capable of autoregulating the activity of the bvg regulon through its metabolism of cysteine. Reduction of the amount of cysteine in the media results in prolonged vir expression due to the absence of the negative inhibitor SO4(2-). Therefore, the combined presence and metabolism of cysteine may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of B. pertussis.
Collocated Z-Axis Control of a High-Speed Nanopositioner for Video-Rate Atomic Force Microscopy (2015)

A key hurdle to achieve video-rate atomic force microscopy (AFM) in constant-force contact mode is the inadequate bandwidth of the vertical feedback control loop. This paper describes techniques used to increase the vertical tracking bandwidth of a nanopositioner to a level that is sufficient for video-rate AFM. These techniques involve the combination of: a high-speed XYZ nanopositioner; a passive damping technique that cancels the inertial forces of the Z actuator which in turns eliminates the low 20-kHz vertical resonant mode of the nanopositioner; an active control technique that is used to augment damping to high vertical resonant modes at 60 kHz and above. The implementation of these techniques allows a tenfold increase in the vertical tracking bandwidth, from 2.3 (without damping) to 28.1 kHz. This allows high-quality, video-rate AFM images to be captured at 10 frames/s without noticeable artifacts associated with vibrations and insufficient vertical tracking bandwidth.
Propagation in an inversion and reflections at the ground (1976)

The propagation of sound is considered for an atmosphere in which the sound velocity increases linearly with height. For source and receiver separation large compared with their heights above the ground, there are in general four possible ray paths between source and receiver having a given number of ground reflections n≳1. For n=0, i.e., no reflections, there is one ray path; and for n=1 there are three possible ray paths. By suitable grouping of the ray paths it is possible to evaluate the effects of reflection at a ground of known, finite impedance (especially near the source), assuming coherence between neighboring rays; and also to evaluate the net sound intensity of waves traveling via more widely separated paths in the normally turbulent atmosphere assuming incoherence. A temperature inversion is found, using ray theory, to increase the sound level at large horizontal distances inside the shadow region due to finite surface impedance, that is otherwise predicted by wave theory for a neutral atmosphere. Subject Classification: [43]28.40; [43]20.20, [43]20.30.
Effects of Rolling on the Composition and Utilization by Growing Steers of Whole-Plant Corn Silage (1987)

Whole-plant corn forage chopped at .95 cm was either not further processed (control) or rolled before ensiling in trench silos. Composition and nutritive values of the resulting silages were compared in digestion and growth trials. Rolled silage had a lower proportion of kernels that were not damaged during harvest and a higher (P<.05) concentration of lactic acid than did control silage. In the digestion trial, control or rolled silages were fed as 90% of the diet dry matter (DM) in a crossover experiment to five steers (454 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae. Rolling of corn silage during harvest did not affect site or extent of digestion of DM, organic matter or gross energy of the diet. However, ruminal and total digestion of total alpha-glucosides were higher (P<.01), and total digestion of cell-wall constituents tended to be lower for rolled silage. Feeding rolled silage lowered (P<.05) pH and the molar proportion of propionic acid in ruminal fluid compared to feeding control silage. Feeding rolled silage did not significantly affect the ruminal retention times of either the solid or liquid digesta phases. In the growth trial, the two silages were fed as either 65% of the DM with mature alfalfa-bromegrass hay and corn grain (low energy), 90% of the DM with corn grain (medium energy) or 60% of the DM with corn grain (high energy) to 146 steers (mean weight, 237 kg) allotted to 24 pens. Steers fed the high-energy diets had greater (P<.01) DM intakes and daily gains and lower (P<.01) feed-to-gain ratios than did those fed either the low- or medium-energy diets. However, feeding rolled silage did not significantly affect any of these feedlot performance characteristics.
Les fondements de l'ordre juridiqueSimone Goyard-Fabre Collection «L'interrogation philosophique» Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1992, XIV, 391 p. (1995)

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Konstitution und Eigenschaften grenzflächenaktiver Stoffe I. Messungen an p‐n‐Alkyl‐Benzolsulfonaten (1959)

Abstract Es werden die textilchemischen Eigenschaften (Oberflächenspannung, Grenzflächenspannung, Netzvermögen, Emulgiervermögen, Schaumvermögen, Schaumbeständigkeit, Schmutztragevermögen, Waschvermögen) von p‐n‐Alkylbenzolsulfonaten in Abhängigkeit von der Länge ihrer Alkylkette untersucht. Grenzflächenaktivität im textiltechnischen Sinne beginnt bei einer Alkyl‐Kettenlänge von 7‐8 C‐Atomen. Die Erniedrigung von Oberflächen‐ und Grenzflächenspannung sowie das Netz‐, Schaum‐ und Emulgiervermögen haben unterhalb 60°C bei Kettenlängen von 12‐14 C‐Atomen ein Maximum bzw. Minimum, während Wasch‐ und Schmutztragevermögen innerhalb der untersuchten Reihe bis zum letzten Glied (C 18 ) zunehmen. Die Säure‐ und Alkalibeständigkeit der Alkylbenzolsulfonate ist gut. Im sauren Medium ist die Wirksamkeit der langkettigen Verbindungen größer, im alkalischen die der kurzkettigen. Durch Anwesenheit von viel Härtebildnern wird vor allem die Wirksamkeit der langkettigen Verbindungen vermindert.
Shining (blue) light on creative ability (2016)

Given the importance of creativity for both personal and societal achievements, there have been consistent efforts to stimulate creative ability. But an important environmental factor --- blue (i.e., short wavelength) light --- has been relatively unexplored to date. Blue light improves a number of cognitive processes (e.g., attention, working memory and sleep) known to influence our creative abilities. In this study, we investigate the effects of blue light on enhancing creativity in tasks and compare it to the effects of walking, which has been shown to stimulate creative ability. Based on data from 21 participants over 2 weeks, we found that blue light resulted in a 24.3% increase in convergent thinking ability, while walking improved divergent thinking by 18%. We discuss the implications of the findings within the context of UbiComp research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic examination of the impact of blue light on convergent and divergent thinking ability.
Classical control system design and experiment for the Mini-Mast truss structure (1991)

This paper describes control system design and experimental test results for the Mini-Mast truss structure located at the NASA Langley Research Center. Simple classical controllers and their ground test results are presented as a benchmark design for the Mini-Mast. The concepts of non-minimum-phase compensation and periodic disturbance rejection control are experimentally validated. The practicality, of a sensor decoupling approach for the classical single-input and single-output control design is also demonstrated. The test results that clearly indicate the undesirable effect of phase lag caused by computational delay and prefiltering are discussed.
Encoding and Decoding of Color Information Using Two-Dimensional Spatial Filtering (1972)

Spatial frequency encoding is described as it applies to both photographic and television systems. In each case, color separations amplitude modulate spatial frequency carriers. The photographic system separates the carriers in the two-dimensional Fourier transform plane using coherent optics; the television system employs a two-dimensional electrical filter to perform the same separation. These filters are synthesized so that the two-dimensional bandwidths of the television camera are used efficiently. Nonlinear processing techniques are also described to minimize crosstalk between channels.
Operation of hydrogen water chemistry for 18-month cycle at Dresden-2 (1986)

This document provides an interim report on the progress of Project RP1930-7, BWR Hydrogen Water Chemistry - Chemical Surveillance. It describes the work performed at Commonwealth Edison's Dresden Nuclear Power Station Unit 2 during its first full fuel cycle on Hydrogen Water Chemistry to monitor its chemical and radiological performance. It includes the results of gamma scan/dose rate campaigns, ion chromatography, and other extensive water chemistry measurements. Also reported are findings and recommendations regarding plant operational practices and offgas fires. This experience at Dresden-2 has demonstrated that a plant can operate on Hydrogen Water Chemistry with only minor impact on plant parameters, but with a major positive impact on intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) mitigation for sensitized stainless steel components.
Synthesis of three dissymmetrical pentaamines <i>via</i> bisaminals of linear tetraamines (2006)

Bisaminals of linear tetraamines were selectively N-monofunctionalised with acrylonitrile in a Michael-type addition giving rise, after reduction, to three open-chain dissymmetrical pentaamines, bearing a new aminopropyl group on one terminal nitrogen atom.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis in south Florida (1998)

Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis is a chronic insidious infection that is often unresponsive to medical therapy. The authors recommend that steroids be withheld. Based on the authors' experience of three patients, topical Clarithromycin may hold promise as a therapeutic agent. Lamellar keratectomy or penetrating keratoplasty should be considered in those patients who do not respond to medical therapy or those who have recurrent exacerbations on attempted weaning of topical antibiotic therapy.
Navigated open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy: advantages and disadvantages compared to the conventional technique in a cadaver study (2006)

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an established therapy for the treatment of symptomatic varus malaligned knees. A main reason for disappointing clinical results after HTO is the under- and overcorrection of the mechanical axis due to insufficient intraoperative visualisation. Twenty legs of fresh human cadaver were randomly assigned to navigated open-wedge HTO (n=10) or conventional HTO using the cable method (n=10). Regardless of the pre-existing alignment, the aim of all operations was to align the mechanical axis to pass through 80% of the tibial plateau (beginning with 0% at the medial edge of the tibial plateau and ending with 100% at the lateral edge). This overcorrection was chosen to ensure a sufficient amount of correction. Thus, the medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA) increased by 9.1+/-2.9 degrees (range 5.2 degrees -12.3 degrees ) on the average after navigated HTO and by 8.9+/-2.9 degrees (range 4.7 degrees -12.6 degrees ) after conventional HTO. After stabilization with a fixed angle implant, the alignment was measured by CT. After navigated HTO, the mechanical axis passed the tibial plateau through 79.7% (range 75.5-85.8%). In contrast, after conventional HTO, the average intersection of the mechanical axis was at 72.1% (range 60.4-82.4%) (P=0.020). Additionally, the variability of the mean corrections was significantly lower in the navigated group (3.3% vs. 7.2%, P=0.012). Total fluoroscopic radiation time was significantly lower in the navigated group (P=0.038) whereas the mean dose area product was not significantly different (P=0.231). The time of the operative procedure was 23 min shorter after conventional HTO (P<0.001). Navigation systems provide intraoperative 3-dimensional real time control of the frontal, sagittal, and transverse axis and may increase the accuracy of open-wedge HTO. Future studies have to analyse the clinical effects of navigation on corrective osteotomies.
Differentiation of Skin Lesions in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Myeloperoxidase Cytochemistry (1982)

Skin lesions are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occasionally are the presenting symptom. Usually these lesions are nonspecific, i.e. due to hemorrhage, infection, anemia, drug sensitivity or to corticosteroid therapy. Specific leukemic lesions are due to infiltration of the skin by myeloblasts or immature neutrophil series cells and can be complicated by infection. Rapid identification of the type of lesion can be very important for if it is due to sepsis it may require immediate treatment by antibiotics or antiviral agents. If it is a specific lesion (leukemia cutis of AML) due to infiltration by myeloblasts, it may require a change in chemotherapy or adjunctive X-radiation or electron beam therapy.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid on human health-related outcomes (2005)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. CLA has received considerable attention as a result of animal experiments that report anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic properties, and modulation of body composition and immune function. Several studies of CLA supplementation in human subjects have now been published, but in contrast to animal studies there has been marked variation between reports on the health-related outcomes. The consensus from seventeen published studies in human subjects is that CLA does not affect body weight or body composition. Some detrimental effects of the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer have also been reported in terms of altered blood lipid composition and impaired insulin sensitivity. Finally, CLA has only limited effects on immune functions in man. However, there have been reports of some interesting isomer-specific effects of CLA on the blood lipid profile, but not on immune function. These isomer-specific effects need further investigation. Until more is known, CLA supplementation in man should be considered with caution.
Structural and Functional Studies of WlbA: A Dehydrogenase Involved in the Biosynthesis of 2,3-Diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-<scp>d</scp>-mannuronic Acid, (2010)

2,3-Diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-d-mannuronic acid (ManNAc3NAcA) is an unusual dideoxy sugar first identified nearly 30 years ago in the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O:3a,d. It has since been observed in other organisms, including Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Five enzymes are required for the biosynthesis of UDP-ManNAc3NAcA starting from UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Here we describe a structural study of WlbA, the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase that catalyzes the second step in the pathway, namely, the oxidation of the C-3' hydroxyl group on the UDP-linked sugar to a keto moiety and the reduction of NAD(+) to NADH. This enzyme has been shown to use alpha-ketoglutarate as an oxidant to regenerate the oxidized dinucleotide. For this investigation, three different crystal structures were determined: the enzyme with bound NAD(H), the enzyme in a complex with NAD(H) and alpha-ketoglutarate, and the enzyme in a complex with NAD(H) and its substrate (UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid). The tetrameric enzyme assumes an unusual quaternary structure with the dinucleotides positioned quite closely to one another. Both alpha-ketoglutarate and the UDP-linked sugar bind in the WlbA active site with their carbon atoms (C-2 and C-3', respectively) abutting the re face of the cofactor. They are positioned approximately 3 A from the nicotinamide C-4. The UDP-linked sugar substrate adopts a highly unusual curved conformation when bound in the WlbA active site cleft. Lys 101 and His 185 most likely play key roles in catalysis.
Solid Phase Microextraction To Study the Sorption of Organotin Compounds onto Particulate and Dissolved Humic Organic Matter (1997)

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to investigate the sorption behavior of ionogenic and non-ionogenic alkylated organotin compounds onto humic organic matter (HOM). The basic idea of these investigations is to measure selectively the freely dissolved proportion of the target analytes rather than the proportion bound to the polymer. This allows partition coefficients of non-ionic organic chemicals to be determined without any disturbance of the sorption equilibrium in both particulate and dissolved HOM matrices. For SPME, the ionogenic organotin compounds have to be alkylated. This can easily be achieved after centrifugation of particulate HOM, whereas for SPME in the presence of dissolved HOM an in-fiber derivatization is proposed. The sorption coefficients of a given ionogenic or non-ionogenic organotin compound are similar for particulate and dissolved HOM from the same source, indicating that the same type of interaction accounts for the sorption process. The higher the degree of alkylation in the target analyte, the more pronounced the nonspecific interactions and the faster the sorption equilibrium are established. Kinetic studies performed by SPME indicate that the sorption equilibrium on dissolved HOM, is reached within a few minutes; on particulate HOM the process takes longer due to diffusion pathways.
An Automated Reference Frame Selection (ARFS) Algorithm for Cone Imaging with Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy (2017)

Manual reference frame selection represented a significant barrier to a fully automated image-processing pipeline (including montaging, cone identification, and metric extraction). The approach presented here will aid in the clinical translation of AOSLO imaging.
Conditionally‐Linear Filtering for Mode Estimation in Jump‐Linear Systems (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Conditionally-Linear Filtering Mode-estimation for jump-linear systems Numerical Example Conclusion Appendix A: Inner product of equation (14.14) Appendix B: Development of the filter equations (14.36) to (14.37) Acknowledgements References
The Complexes of Pyridinaldazine with Iron(II) and Nickel(II). II (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Complexes of Pyridinaldazine with Iron(II) and Nickel(II). IIWilmer J. Stratton and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 13, 3191–3195Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01546a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01546a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A High Precision Cryostat for Reflection and Transmission Studies (1972)

A metal cryostat with novel features has been designed and built for infrared reflectance and transmission measurements. The problem of obtaining precise measurements has been solved by careful evaluation of reflection losses due to the optical windows, and by achieving exact optical coplanarity between the sample and reference mirror. At all temperatures down to liquid helium temperature, the precision of the measurements obtained is significantly better than that reported so far in the literature.