gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Performance of Vital Bleaching Techniques (2010)

This study compared the clinical outcome of bleaching techniques in vital teeth. After IRB approval and informed consent, 90 subjects were selected based on the shade of their anterior teeth (A2 or darker, Vita Classic shade guide). Subjects were assigned to three treatment groups in a split-mouth study design: Group I: HB (at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for two weeks) vs OBL (in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, two sessions, two-week intervals, with light irradiation); Group II: OB (in-office bleaching without light irradiation) vs OBL; Group III: HB vs combination (one session plus HB). Color change and color rebound (deltaE) were measured for a 16-week period. Color measurements were carried out with both a spectrophotometer and a shade guide at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks. Tooth sensitivity was evaluated using a VAS scale for 15 days. Both the Student's t-test and Tukey-Kramer test were used to analyze the results (p < 0.05). After one week, one session of OBL followed by HB resulted in lower color values, compared with the other bleaching methods. Group III resulted in the least shade values at one-week evaluation, when compared with the other bleaching methods. After two weeks, HE alone resulted in similar color changes as OB, OBL and OBL+HB. The use of light irradiation did not improve bleaching efficacy (OB = OBL). OBL and OB resulted in higher sensitivity rates than HB.
The Impact of Retail Coupons (1965)

Retail coupons, those small cards or slips of paper that offer the supermarket shopper a few cents off on this product or that, have come of age. They are no longer a nickel-and-dime business. Billions of them are distributed each year by grocery-product manufacturers. Millions of dollars' worth are redeemed, too, sometimes with tremendous impact on a manufacturer's marketing program. Here are some interesting data about coupons and what makes them so attractive to the contemporary, value-conscious shopper.
Computer-aided design and improved performance of tunable ferrite-loaded E-plane integrated circuit filters for millimeter-wave applications (1988)

The modal scattering matrix method is applied to the rigorous computer-aided design of low-insertion-loss magnetically tunable E-plane metal-insert filters with improved characteristic, where only the resonator sections are loaded with ferrite slabs, and large-gap finline filters on a ferrite substrate of moderate width. The design method is based on field expansion in suitably normalized eigenmodes, which yields directly the modal scattering matrix of key building block discontinuities, which in turn are appropriately combined for modeling the complete filter structure. The theory includes both the higher order mode interaction of all discontinuities involved and the finite thickness of the metal inserts, or metallization. Optimized data are given for magnetically tunable Ku-band (12-18 GHz), Ka-band (26-40 GHz), and V-band (50-75 GHz) metal-insert and finline filter examples. The theory is verified by measurements on the Ku-band metal insert and finlines filters, utilizing ferrite materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal diseases (2008)

Recognition of the bilateral relationships between oral and systemic health will challenge physicians and dentists to work together closely in the future when managing patients with diabetes and periodontal disease.
Reaction of H<sub>2</sub>S and S<sub>2</sub>with Metal/Oxide Surfaces:  Band-Gap Size and Chemical Reactivity (1998)

The adsorption and dissociation of H2S and S2 on a series of oxide (Al2O3, Cr2O3, Cr3O4, Cu2O, ZnO) and metal/oxide (Cu/Al2O3, Cu/ZnO) surfaces have been studied using synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission. H2S and S2 mainly interact with the metal centers of the oxides. At 300 K, H2S undergoes complete decomposition. The rate of decomposition on Al2O3 is much lower than those found on Cr3O4, Cr2O3, ZnO, and Cu2O. For these systems, the smaller the band gap in the oxide, the bigger its reactivity toward S-containing molecules. The results of ab initio SCF calculations for the adsorption of H2S, HS, and S on clusters that resemble the (0001) face of α-Al2O3, α-Cr2O3, and ZnO show that the S-containing species interact stronger with Cr or Zn than with Al centers. These theoretical results and the trends seen in the experimental data indicate that the reactivity of an oxide mainly depends on how well its bands mix with the orbitals of H2S or HS. The electrostatic interactions between the dipole of H2S and the ionic field generated by the charges in the oxide play only a secondary role in the adsorption process. Photoemission results show that the rate of adsorption of H2S and S2 on Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/ZnO surfaces is much faster than on the pure oxides. A simple model based on perturbation theory and orbital mixing is able to explain the effects of the band-gap size on the reactivity of an oxide and the behavior of metal/oxide surfaces in the presence of S-containing molecules.
Deep Energy Levels of Platinum-Hydrogen Complexes in Silicon (2013)

Hydrogen incorporated into the samples by wet chemical etching interacts with platinum and forms several energy levels in the silicon forbidden band gap. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) on Schottky diodes reveals several platinum-hydrogen related levels in p - and n -type silicon. In the n -type silicon, two new platinum-hydrogen related levels at 0.28 and 0.41 eV below the conduction band are reported. Annealing at 377 °C results in the dissociation of their corresponding platinum-hydrogen complexes.
Controlling Techniques of Channel Sharing in HFC Network (2002)

The techniques of sharing a channel in HFC are original with regard to those of Ethernet and Ring. In this paper, the analysis is stressed on the method of the upstream bandwidth allocation, the collision resolving, and the relationship among them, beginning with MAP management message. The MAP is a complex frame, in which the messages of ranging opportunity needed by the CM at the access beginning, bandwidth allocation contention, bandwidth allocation and collision detection are included. The access way for a user is explained after the frame format and functions of a MAP are illustrated. Finally, upstream bandwidth allocation, the cause of collision, algorithm and the process to solve the collision and so on are studied.
Molecular Mechanism of Red Cell "Sickling" (1966)

Precision scale models of sickle-cell hemoglobin molecules indicate that the genetic substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position in the two beta chains allows an intramolecular hydrophobic bond to form. This changes the conformation in such a way as to allow molecular stacking. Optical rotatory dispersion studies and the restilts of suLbjection of Hb S solution to temperature change and to propane are consistent with the presence of such a bond. Examination of sickled erythrocytes in a magnetic field and in polarized light indicates that the Hb S molecules are aligned iiz sitil. Filaments interpreted as hollow cables of six Hb S monofilaments have been demonstrated by electron microscopy.
Use of Tetramethylbenzidine in Plasma Hemoglobin Assay (1977)

Plasma hemoglobin can be assayed by substituting 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine for benzidine (a carcinogen) as the chromogenic reducing substance. Sensitivity, precision, and accuracy compare well with methods in which benzidine is used. Plasma inhibition can be accommodated by preincubation with hydrogen peroxide.
Ray tracing interference color (1991)

The use of a ray-tracing model that takes into account any kind of film layer in any medium to emulate interference color is reported. The method is based on physics and Fresnel's formulas. The physics of the phenomena is explained, the implementation is described, and some results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Activated Carbon with Large Specific Surface Area from Reed Black Liquor (2007)

Activated carbon with large specific surface area and well-developed porosity was prepared from pyrolysis of K2CO3-impregnated lignin precipitated from reed pulp black liquors. The impregnation ratio was 1:1. The effect of activation temperature upon the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and pore volume of the carbon was closely investigated. Increasing activation temperature led to an opening and widening of the porous structure below 800'C. Above 800'C, the excess widening of pore led to the decrease of BET surface area and micropore volume. The BET surface area and pore volume of the carbon activated at 800 degrees C were 1395 m(2) g(-1) and 0.7702 ml g(-1) , respectively. The potential application of the carbon activated at 800 degrees C for removal of Cr (VI) was also investigated. The experimental results showed that it had good adsorption capacity.
Clinical significance of elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in chronic hepatitis C without hepatocellular carcinoma. (2009)

Elevated alpha-fetoprotein is independently associated with hepatic steatosis (> or = 5% hepatocytes), > or = stage II hepatic fibrosis, increased level of uric acid (> or = 6.3 mg/dL) or asparate aminotransferase (> or = 40 IU/L), and decreased level of albumin (< 3.5 g/dL) or fasting plasma glucose (< 126 mg/ dL). Viral factors, including hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection and viral load, are not related to elevated alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis C virus-infected subjects.
Packet loss concealment based on extrapolation of speech waveform (2009)

A class of packet loss concealment algorithms for speech coding is presented. It generates the replacement waveform for the lost frame by direct extrapolation of the past speech waveform, with or without look-ahead. The ITU-T G.722 Appendix III standard is based on it. When a future frame is unavailable (without look-ahead), the PLC algorithm gives significantly better speech quality than G.711 Appendix I - by about 0.2 PESQ for high packet loss rates. When a future frame is available (with look-ahead), the PLC algorithm uses the decoded speech waveform in the future frame to guide the pitch contour of waveform extrapolation during the lost frame such that the extrapolated waveform is phase-aligned with the decoded waveform after the packet loss. This technique further improved PESQ by another 0.2 for high packet loss rates.
High Voltage Operation of Power GaAs FET Amplifiers (1980)

This paper describes a 7 GHz GaAs FET power amplifier operating with -2lV D.C. power supply without DC-DC converter or voltage dropping resistor. The amplifier is to be used as a direct replacement of an Injection Locked Amplifier in a 7 GHz video microwave radio. Direct series connection of two power GaAs FETs is used to achieve a high voltage operating condition, the details of circuit design and amplifier performance is presented.
Antisera to selected outer membrane proteins of Vibrio cholerae protect against challenge with homologous and heterologous strains of V. cholerae (1998)

Each year cholera epidemics occur in various places around the world. Though there is no effective vaccine against cholera, people who recover from an infection usually have prolonged immunity to the disease. Sera from convalescent patients contain antibodies to a number of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of V. cholerae. We isolated several OMPs (43, 42, 30, and 22 kDa) from V. cholerae V86 El Tor Inaba, sequenced their amino-termini, and generated hyperimmune sera against them in rabbits. Antisera to the 43-, 42-, and 22-kDa OMPs, but not the preimmune sera, significantly reduced V. cholerae-induced fluid secretion seen in rabbit intestinal loops challenged with the homologous strain. In addition, a combination of antisera to the different OMPs reduced the fluid secretion induced by challenge with heterologous V. cholerae Ogawa and O139 strains. These results have significance in the development of vaccines to V. cholerae, as the hyperexpression of these OMP encoding genes in vaccine strains may improve the efficacy of cholera vaccines.
Design and Implementation of fauxBay: Test-Bed for Bidding Agents in Online Auction Markets. (2006)

Online auctions provide a very competitive market for a variety of goods and services and have gained a lot of popularity over the last few years. The increasing participation of buyers and sellers in these auctions has triggered the development of software bidding agents. These agents are automated agents that are designed to place bids on behalf of the user. In recent years, simulation of online auction markets has become a major research area in the field of electronic commerce. This is because testing different bidding strategies in a real auction environment involves risks and can result in heavy losses. Moreover, testing in a real life auction involves substantial amount of time and participation, in order to derive a definite conclusion about the bidding agent's performance. We propose to solve this problem by designing and implementing a tool for simulating online auction markets. Our simulation tool called fauxBay can be configured to develop test scenarios for testing bidding agent strategies. Currently, fauxBay supports the reserve price auction mechanism found on eBay. However, support for other auction mechanisms can be easily integrated with fauxBay in the future. We have designed fauxBay to offer two modes of simulating auction environments for testing bidding strategies: event-based and clock-based. Event-based simulation is used to obtain a quicker analysis of the bidding agent's performance, by moving forward to each event rather than moving linearly by the clock. In contrast, the clock-based simulation offers to test and gauge a bidding agent's performance in an auction environment where time moves linearly by the clock similar to real life online auctions. A key characteristic of fauxBay is that it tests bidding agent's strategies against real eBay data on completed auctions. Therefore, the results obtained by testing bidding strategy in fauxBay give a better insight into its anticipated performance in a real life online auction. Overall, fauxBay is designed to be extensible, configurable and give close to realistic results on the performance of bidding agents.
Spin-dependent thermal and electrical transport in a spin-valve system (2001)

Within the framework of B\"uttiker's gauge invariant and charge conservation dc transport theory, the spin-dependent thermal and electrical transport in a ferromagnet-insulator-ferromagnet tunnel junction is investigated at finite bias voltage and finite temperature. It is observed that the relative orientations of magnetizations in the two ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes as well as temperature have remarkable effects on the differential conductance, thermopower, Peltier effect, and thermal conductivity. At low temperature the quantum resonant tunneling is predominant, leading to the deviation of classical transport theory, while the transport of electrons are crucially governed by thermal processes at high temperature. The so-called spin-valve phenomenon is clearly uncovered for both the differential conductance and the thermal conductivity at low temperature. The Wiedemann-Franz law is examined, and the inelastic tunneling spectroscopy is also discussed. Our findings are expected to be measured in the near future.
Protic ionic liquid-grafted polybenzimidazole as proton conducting catalyst binder for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2021)

Development of suitable catalyst binder with reasonable proton conductivity is of great importance for improving catalytic performance of oxygen reduction reactions of platinum-based catalysts. Herein, we report that polybenzimidazole grafted with protic ionic liquid moieties is an effective catalyst binder for oxygen reduction of Pt/C catalysts. The designed Pt/C catalyst layer using protic ionic liquid grafted polybenzimidazole as catalyst binder exhibits an improved catalytic activity for oxygen reduction compared with the sample using commercial Nafion as catalyst binder as evidenced by the positive shift of half-wave potential by about 20 mV with the very similar limiting current density. The specific activity of Pt/C catalyst using the synthesized material as catalyst binder at 0.9 V under acidic conditions is about two times higher than that of catalyst using Nafion as catalyst binder. The peak current density of thus-assembled fuel cell using protic ionic liquid functionalized polybenzimidazole as catalyst binder is about 1.7 times higher than the cell assembled from pristine polybenzimidazole as catalyst binder at 160 °C under anhydrous conditions.
CONTROLLING ELEMENTS IN MAIZE (1974)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Determination of a reference value for N<sup>G</sup>, N<sup>G</sup>‐dimethyl‐L‐arginine in 500 subjects (2005)

The study was able to define a reference value for ADMA plasma levels with 0.36-1.17 micromol L(-1) and found sex dependent correlations between ADMA and age. Women showed a significant increase in ADMA plasma levels with onset of menopause.
Accuracy requirements for adjusting variable-shaped beam systems for the production of submicron patterns (1979)

This paper deals mainly with accuracy requirements for adjusting the probe format in the variable shaped beam exposure system ZBA 10. The calibration of the probe format has to be performed in four steps: adjustment of the diaphragm edges with respect to parallelism and orthogonality, alignment of the coordinate system fixed by the diaphragm edges relative to the probe; deflection directions on the object; and calibration of the probe size. The admissible tolerance for each of the format setting parameters is smaller than 30 nm. This order of magnitude of the deviations can be measured and corrected by means of the highly magnifying projection system and the special probe format calibration program.
A CHEMILUMINESCENCE FIBEROPTIC BIOSENSOR COUPLED WITH IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION FOR RAPID DETECTION OF E. COLI O157:H7 (2002)

A biosensor, consisting of a chemiluminescence reaction cell, a fiberoptic light guide, and a luminometer linkedto a PC, was developed in conjunction with immunomagnetic separation for rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7. The samplecontaining E. coli O157:H7 was first incubated with antiE. coli O157:H7 coated magnetic beads and horseradish peroxidase(HRP) labeled antiE. coli O157:H7 antibodies to form antibodycoated bead bacteria HRPlabeled antibody sandwichcomplexes. Then, a magnetic field was applied to separate the sandwich complexes from the sample, and the HRP in thecomplexes catalyzed the reaction of luminol and H2O2 in the reaction cell. The cell number of E. coli O157:H7 was determinedby collecting the HRPcatalyzed chemiluminescence signal from the bead surface though a fiberoptic light guide andmeasuring the signal with a luminometer. Key parameters for the biosensor, such as magnetic bead volume, HRPlabeledantibody concentration, incubation time, and blocking agent, were determined for optimum operation conditions. Thechemiluminescence biosensor was selective to E. coli O157:H7 in the presence of other bacteria in the sample, includingSalmonella typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes. The detection limit of the biosensor was 1.8 10 2 CFU/mL, and the chemiluminescence signal ranged from 3.8 to 241.0 mV, corresponding to E. coli O157:H7 cells from1.8 10 2 to 4.5 10 5 CFU/mL. A regression model with R 2 = 0.958 was established for a calibration curve over the detectionrange. The biosensing procedure was simple and rapid, and could be completed within 1.5 h.
Resistive switching in MoSe<sub>2</sub>/BaTiO<sub>3</sub> hybrid structures (2017)

Here we study the resistive switching (RS) effect that emerges when ferroelectric BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (BTO) and few-layer MoSe<sub>2</sub> are combined in a single structure.
Ethynylene‐containing donor–acceptor alternating conjugated polymers: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties (2012)

Abstract Four ethynylene‐containing donor‐acceptor alternating conjugated polymers P1 – P4 with 2,5‐bis(dodecyloxy) substituted phenylene or carbazole as the donor unit and benzothiadiazole (BTZ) as the acceptor unit were synthesized and used as donor polymers in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of these four polymers with the ethylene unit located at different positions of the polymer chains were systematically investigated. Our results demonstrated that absorption spectra and the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of polymers could be tuned by varying the position of the ethynylene unit in the polymer chains. Photovoltaic devices based on polymer/PC 71 BM blend films spin coated from chloroform and dichlorobenzene solutions were investigated. For all four polymers, open circuit voltages ( V oc ) higher than 0.8 V were obtained. P4 , with ethynylene unit between BTZ and thiophene, shows the best performance among these four polymers, with a V oc of 0.94 V, a J sc of 4.2 mA/cm 2 , an FF of 0.40, and a PCE of 1.6%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Lactic acid fermentation of tomato: effects on cis/trans lycopene isomer ratio, β-carotene mass fraction and formation of L(+)- and D(-)-lactic acid. (2013)

Elena Bartkiene1*, Daiva Vidmantiene2, Grazina Juodeikiene2, Pranas Viskelis2,3 and Dalia Urbonaviciene2,3 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Department of Food Safety and Quality, Tilzes str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Food Technology, Radvilenu str. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
Progress and Applications (1993)

AMONG the recent developments that have occurred among US companies is the agreement between Honeywell, a leader in integrated avionics systems, and Apple Computer. A electronic library system (ELS) will be manufactured by Honeywell that will incorporate a ruggedized avionics entry introduced Macintosh Quadra 800 high‐performance personal computer. The ELS is designed to provide airline personnel with timely access to all the information necessary to operate and maintain an aircraft (excluding aircraft control).