gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Euro-Collins Solution, Low-Potassium Dextran Solution Containing Glucose, and ET-Kyoto Solution for Lung Preservation in an Extracorporeal Rat Lung Perfusion Model (1998)

We have recently developed a modified ET-Kyoto solution by adding N-acetylcysteine, nitroglycerin, and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate to the previously reported ET-Kyoto solution. The purpose of this study was to compare the new ET-Kyoto solution with the regular Euro-Collins solution and a low-potassium dextran solution containing glucose (Perfadex<sup>®</sup>) in an isolated rat lung perfusion model. Rat lung blocks were preserved with ET-Kyoto solution, with Euro-Collins solution, or with Perfadex for 4 h. Arterial oxygen tension, shunt fraction, peak inspiratory pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance were assessed up to 50 min after reperfusion. ET-Kyoto solution provided a significantly better lung function after reperfusion than Euro-Collins solution and Perfadex, while Perfadex was also superior to the Euro-Collins solution. We conclude that lung preservation with ET-Kyoto solution is significantly superior to Euro-Collins solution and to Perfadex in an isolated rat lung perfusion model.
High-Speed Alumina Stereolithography (2022)

The additive manufacturing of ceramics offers a reliable and repeatable method for fabricating parts with complex geometries. To compete with conventional ceramic forming methods, the time and cost associated with material and process optimization for ceramic stereolithography should be improved. Computational analysis methods can be utilized to reduce the number of experimental steps required for material and process optimization. This work used the discrete element method and ray tracing analyses to predict suitable material parameters and processing conditions for ceramic stereolithography. The discrete element method was used to create alumina particle dispersion models to predict suitable paste compositions, and ray tracing was used to predict suitable laser power and scan speed to achieve a sufficient curing depth for stereolithography processing. The predicted conditions of paste composition and processing parameters were comparable to experimental values, reducing the number of experimental iterations required for process optimization. Furthermore, suitable processing parameters for high-speed fabrication by stereolithography was predicted, achieving a processing speed much faster than previously reported ceramic stereolithography. The reduction in process optimization timeline, and the increase in fabrication speed, could increase the appeal of ceramic stereolithography to industry.
Alignment of the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment optics module (1985)

The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment is a ten-band filter photometer on the NASA Cosmic Background Explorer. The entire telescope will operate at 2 K. Extragalactic infrared radiation and diffuse galactic radiation in the 1–300- μ m wavelength range will be measured. Polarization measurements will also be made for the 1–3.5- μ m range. The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment is a well-baffled unobscured off-axis Gregorian telescope with multiple stops to provide a high level of rejection of both scattered and diffracted radiation. Additional optics are used so that each of three detector assemblies and a tuning fork chopper share a pupil image. The optics consist of an off-axis parabolic mirror, three off-axis elliptical mirrors, a general asphere, a fold flat, and a reflective chopper mirror. A breadboard optics module was constructed and used as a test bed to determine optical alignment procedures for the flight unit, to measure cryo-induced misalignments of the optical system, and to measure cryo-induced misalignments due to cryogenic vibration. Methods used to assemble the breadboard optics module and results of the environmental testing are reported in this paper.
K-Band Doherty and Class AB Gallium Nitride MMIC Power Amplifiers for Space Applications (2019)

This paper compares the performance of Class AB and Doherty Gallium Nitride (GaN) Power Amplifier (PA) MMICs at 19GHz. The MMICs have been designed in the same process and fabricated on the same wafer to enable the ability for direct performance comparison. Measurements of the AM/AM and transfer curves, Linearity, and Power Added Efficiency have been made for each MMIC PA. Finally an assessment of these performance parameters with respect to output power backoff (OBO) will be presented to help normalize the comparison. To the authors knowledge this is the first time these power amplifier architectures have been compared at these frequencies (2). Additionally, to the best of the author's knowledge the performance for these amplifiers show state of the art PAE for GaN PA MMIC amplifiers at these frequencies.
Lysine Biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces lipmanii</i> : Implications in Antibiotic Biosynthesis (1973)

Streptomyces lipmanii produces two beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin N and 7-(5-amino-5-carboxyvaleramido)-7-methoxycephalosporanic acid. Both antibiotics contain alpha-aminoadipic acid side chains. In similar antibiotics produced by certain fungi, the alpha-aminoadipoyl moiety is derived from an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis. Our findings indicate, however, that in S. lipmanii, lysine is synthesized via alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid-an entirely different biosynthetic route. This finding suggests not only a unique mechanism for the derivation of alpha-aminoadipate, but also that the system may be particularly amenable to genetic manipulation.
Natural Attenuation (2018)

Natural Attenuation: CERCLA, RBCAs, and the Future of Environmental Remediation presents the concept of "natural attenuation"-the tendency of soils to severly limit the toxicity of many types of hazardous waste. It reviews and updates the most recent findings from the field and lab and shows how natural attenuation is rapidly changing the direction and focus of environmental remediation. Outlining the legal and regulatory framework that has made waste remediation so costly, this book shows how applying an understanding of natural attenuation can decrease cleanup outlays while lowering risks to human health. Natural Attenuation: CERCLA, RBCAs, and the Future of Environmental Remediation makes it clear why natural attenuation will be relied upon more and more in the future.
Neuromuscular blockade with acute respiratory failure in a patient receiving cibenzoline (1997)

Cibenzoline is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent that can be used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias. A case is reported of cibenzoline overdose in a patient with impaired renal function, leading not only to the usual cardiac and metabolic symptoms (bradycardia and hypoglycaemia), but also to a myastheniform syndrome with acute respiratory failure. Neuromuscular blockade was demonstrated by repetitive supramaximal stimulation of the median nerve, and diaphragmatic involvement was evidenced by applying the same protocol to the phrenic nerve. Muscle strength recovered as serum cibenzoline levels decreased, allowing the patient to be weaned from the ventilator. This observation suggests that cibenzoline, like other antiarrhythmic agents, can be responsible for neuromuscular blockade, and should therefore be used with caution in patients with neuromuscular and respiratory diseases or with impaired renal function.
THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT ON THYROID FUNCTION IN SWINE (1990)

Twelve castrated male pigs of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were selected at 95.9 ± 1.6 kg body weight (BW) and allocated equally to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) at 90 μg kg −1 BW or vehicle buffer for four consecutive days. Following the last pGH injection, the pigs were infused via indwelling vena caval cannulae with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at 0.5 μg kg −1 BW. Blood samples were obtained at 10 and 0 min before TRH and thereafter at 10-min intervals for 90 min. Serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyrotropin were lower (P < 0.06 and P < 0.1, respectively) but those of triiodothyronine higher (P < 0.01) in pGH-treated pigs throughout the sampling period. There were no significant treatment-by-time interactions indicating that the thyroid response to TRH was not influenced by pGH treatment. Key words: Swine, thyroid, growth hormone, somatotropin
Loss Surfaces, Mode Connectivity, and Fast Ensembling of DNNs (2018)

The loss functions of deep neural networks are complex and their geometric properties are not well understood. We show that the optima of these complex loss functions are in fact connected by simple curves over which training and test accuracy are nearly constant. We introduce a training procedure to discover these high-accuracy pathways between modes. Inspired by this new geometric insight, we also propose a new ensembling method entitled Fast Geometric Ensembling (FGE). Using FGE we can train high-performing ensembles in the time required to train a single model. We achieve improved performance compared to the recent state-of-the-art Snapshot Ensembles, on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet.
Analysis of Wnt/FZD-Mediated Signalling in a Cell Line Model of Colorectal Cancer Morphogenesis (2008)

Cells in tissues do not exist as isolated entities but are part of the three-dimensional tissue architecture. Consequently, some aspects of cell behaviour cannot be mimicked by simple in vitro monolayer culture systems. Moreover, cell shape and behaviour is not rigid but is dynamic and can be regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. For example, tumour cells in epithelium-derived cancer such as colorectal cancer often retain significant features of the colonic mucosa. However, as the tumour progresses, the morphology of the tumour cells often undergoes a transition from an epithelial morphology to a mesenchymal morphology. This transition is important as it signifies a change in the tumour phenotype to a more aggressive, invasive, and eventually metastatic phenotype. In vitro models that allow the study of this transition are needed. One such model is the LIM1863 colon carcinoma cells that normally grow as organoids but can be adapted to efficiently undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition that can be reversed. This system has allowed the study of the genes such as Frizzled 7 that are involved in this dynamic and reversible epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Energy conservation: standing pilot gas consumption (1976)

Results are given of a major study which dealt with actual standing pilot consumption in a home equipped with gas-fueled appliances for a period of one year--comprising one full heating season and a subsequent cooling season. Also offered are recommendations aimed at energy conservation as well as an analysis of the various (appliance, weather, building, and use) factors that govern the portion of each pilot's consumption considered to serve a useful function.
Deterministic ripple-spreading model for complex networks (2011)

This paper proposes a deterministic complex network model, which is inspired by the natural ripple-spreading phenomenon. The motivations and main advantages of the model are the following: (i) The establishment of many real-world networks is a dynamic process, where it is often observed that the influence of a few local events spreads out through nodes, and then largely determines the final network topology. Obviously, this dynamic process involves many spatial and temporal factors. By simulating the natural ripple-spreading process, this paper reports a very natural way to set up a spatial and temporal model for such complex networks. (ii) Existing relevant network models are all stochastic models, i.e., with a given input, they cannot output a unique topology. Differently, the proposed ripple-spreading model can uniquely determine the final network topology, and at the same time, the stochastic feature of complex networks is captured by randomly initializing ripple-spreading related parameters. (iii) The proposed model can use an easily manageable number of ripple-spreading related parameters to precisely describe a network topology, which is more memory efficient when compared with traditional adjacency matrix or similar memory-expensive data structures. (iv) The ripple-spreading model has a very good potential for both extensions and applications.
The Relation between the Nature of Growing Ion Pairs and the Reaction Rate Constants in Cationic Polymerization (1962)

メチルビニルエーテルのBF3・O (C2H5) 2およびSnCl4・CCl3COOHによるカチオン重合をCCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2中で行なった。-20℃ と-50℃ において生成ポリマーの分子量は重合溶媒の誘電率が大きく, 触媒の酸性が大きいほど減少した. この結果を説明するために, 両温度におけるモノマー移動定数比と自己停止定数比を求め, 重合条件との関連を考察した。一方臭棄化から定量された二重結合をもつポリマーの数, およびHClによるポリマーの加水分解から生じたアルデヒドのモル数がモノマー移動反応の大小と比例関係にあることを認めた. これらの分析値と速度定数比の関係を考察して, モノマー移動反応は生長イオンによるモノマーのCH3-O結合の切断であり, 自己停止反応は主として生長イオンによる同じポリマー鎖中のCH3-O結合の切断に伴う環状アセタールの生成であると推定した。
A Design Space Exploration Methodology for Parameter Optimization in Multicore Processors (2016)

Due to the increasing proliferation of computing systems in diverse application domains, the need for application-specific design of multicore/manycore processing platforms is paramount. In order to tailor processors for application-specific requirements, a multitude of processor design parameters need to be tuned accordingly. Tuning of processor design parameters involves rigorous and extensive design space exploration over large search spaces. In this paper, we propose an efficient design space exploration methodology for multicore parameter optimization. Our proposed methodology includes an intelligent initial parameter setting algorithm, the results of which are leveraged by two search algorithms-exhaustive search and greedy search. We evaluate the methodology in a cycle-accurate simulator (ESESC) using standard set of PARSEC and SPLASH2 benchmarks for applications with low-power and highperformance requirements. The results reveal that the quality of solutions (design configurations) obtained from our methodology are within 1.35%-3.69% of the solutions obtained from fully exhaustive search while only exploring 2.74%-3% of the design space. Our methodology achieves on average a 35.32× speedup in design space exploration time as compared to fully exhaustive search in finding the best processor design configuration.
Parasympathetic nervous system response to acidosis: Evaluation in an experimental fetal sheep model (2018)

This experimental protocol allowed the development of progressive acidosis in a good model of the physiology of labor. Parasympathetic nervous system activity increased during acidosis and could be measured using our index, the FSI, and the magnitude of fetal heart rate decelerations.
Calculation of beta‐ray dose distributions from ophthalmic applicators and comparison with measurements in a model eye (2001)

Dose distributions throughout the eye, from three types of beta-ray ophthalmic applicators, were calculated using the EGS4, ACCEPT 3.0, and other Monte Carlo codes. The applicators were those for which doses were measured in a recent international intercomparison [Med. Phys. 28, 1373 (2001)], planar applicators of 106Ru-106Rh and 90Sr-90Y and a concave 106Ru-106Rh applicator. The main purpose was to compare the results of the various codes with average experimental values. For the planar applicators, calculated and measured doses on the source axis agreed within the experimental errors (<10%) to a depth of 7 mm for 106Ru-106Rh and 5 mm for 90Sr-90Y. At greater distances the measured values are larger than those calculated. For the concave 106Ru-106Rh applicator, there was poor agreement among available calculations and only those calculated by ACCEPT 3.0 agreed with measured values. In the past, attempts have been made to derive such dose distributions simply, by integrating the appropriate point-source dose function over the source. Here, we investigated the accuracy of this procedure for encapsulated sources, by comparing such results with values calculated by Monte Carlo. An attempt was made to allow for the effects of the silver source window but no corrections were made for scattering from the source backing. In these circumstances, at 6 mm depth, the difference in the results of the two calculations was 14%-18% for a planar 106Ru-l06Rh applicator and up to 30% for the concave applicator. It becomes worse at greater depths. These errors are probably caused mainly by differences between the spectrum of beta particles transmitted by the silver window and those transmitted by a thickness of water having the same attenuation properties.
Simulation tools for multilayer fault restoration (2009)

The complexity of networks today makes it difficult to handle fault restoration by means of human intervention. Future network architectures are expected to be self-protecting and, more generally, self-organizing. In this article we describe the modeling methods and simulation tools we have used for the analysis of a new integrated restoration scheme operating at multiple layers/networks. The networks over which we have performed the analysis are ATM and SDH, but the methodology could be applied to other multilayer architectures too. A network model has been created that consists of both ATM and SDH layers. Using this network model, we have seen how the new scheme explores the free bandwidth over both layers. The multilayer bandwidth exploration was modeled using Microsoft Visual C++. Using OPNET Modeler, a node model was created to analyze the restoration message processing within it and the interaction with other nodes for the purpose of simulating the restoration delay. The article emphasizes the simulation methodology rather than the results of the simulation. Among others, we describe which additional functionalities a simulation tool is necessary to have in order to simulate multilayer networks. A comparison of OPNET and Microsoft Visual C++ is made, describing their advantages and the reasons we found it necessary to use both.
Candling Errors (Overpull) in California Shell-Egg Processing Plants (1995)

Rejecting good eggs by placing them as undergrads (overpull) is a common error among candlers, costing egg processing plants in the U.S. millions of dollars annually. This study of twelve egg cartoning plants in California evaluated overpull problems and searched for possible reasons for candling errors which lead to overpull. It revealed that at a machine speed of up to 240 cases/hr, egg candlers were pulling 82.7% eggs correctly as undergrads; however, 17.3% which they pulled as undergrads were good eggs without any detectable defects. Among those eggs labeled “undergrads,” most of the common defects were cracked eggs (70.7%), dirties (6.2%), shell defects (3%), stains (1.3%), B Grade eggs (1.3%), and blood spots (0.2%). The most common reason for overpull was wire marks (42.5%), other reasons included minor shell deformities (11.9%), body checks (11.7%), floating air cells (3.2%), and unknown reasons (30.6%). The literature suggests that false identification of defects can be reduced by extensive training of egg candlers. However, when using higher speed packing equipment, automatic detection devices or additional candlers will be required to perform the basic function of reject detection and to minimize the amount of overpull.
Expanding the use of simulators as assessment tools: the new pop quiz. (2011)

This study introduces a novel way to implement simulation in medical education. We investigated the feasibility of integrating a newly developed breast examination simulator into a breast exam technique lecture while also collecting detailed data on medical students' breast exam skills. Results indicate that it is feasible to integrate simulation technology into the classroom environment and collect detailed performance data that can be analyzed and used for skills assessment.
Testing the expanding‐contracting polar cap paradigm (2017)

Abstract The expanding‐contracting polar cap (ECPC) paradigm is tested. Under the ECPC paradigm ionospheric convection in the polar cap is driven by the combined effects of magnetic field dayside merging and nightside reconnection, as opposed to being mapped down from higher altitudes. The ECPC paradigm is tested by separately examining the cross polar cap potential when the polar cap is expanding versus contracting. The open magnetic flux is estimated from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations of the convection reversal boundary (CRB) made simultaneously at different local times. Sotirelis et al. (2005) established the CRB as a proxy for the open‐closed boundary. The correlation of the ionospheric convection potential, determined from SuperDARN, with solar wind/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) driving is indeed found to depend on whether the polar cap is expanding or contracting. Specifically, when the polar cap is expanding, ionospheric convection potential correlates best (0.86) with the most recent 10 min of solar wind/IMF driving (versus 0.57 for contracting). When contracting, convection potential correlates best (0.87) with 90 min averages of solar wind/IMF driving (versus 0.51 for expanding). This result is consistent with the expectations of the ECPC paradigm.
University Center of Excellence for Photovoltaics Research and Education: Annual report (1995)

This is a second annual report since the University Center of Excellence for Photovoltaics Research and Education was established at Georgia Tech. The major focus of the center is crystalline silicon, and the mission of the Center is to improve the fundamental understanding of the science and technology of advanced photovoltaic devices and materials, to fabricate high-efficiency cells, and develop low-cost processes, to provide training and enrich the equational experience of students in this field, and to increase US competitiveness by providing guidelines to industry and DOE to achieve cost-effective and high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. This report outlines the work of the Center from July 1993--June 1994.
Enzymic Activity of Proteases Comparison of Assay Methods Interfering Substances m Detergent Systems: and the Role of (2006)

Two modifications of a method are presented for assaying proteolytie enzymes. They differ primarily in the mechanism used for terminating the enzymic reaction, one technique employing trichloroacetie acid (TCA), the other, heat inactivation. Comparative studies reveal that there are two distinct disadvantages in using TCA which are not evident with the heat inactivation procedure. In the first place, TCA does not selectively precipitate residual substrate. Secondly, in the presence of acid, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate and other long chain anionic surfactants interfere with the quantitative determination of enzymic activity. This interference can be falsely interpreted as inhibition of proteolysis. An explanation of the above phenomena is given in the text along with assay results in the presence of metal chelating agents.