gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-step method for fiber-optic probe-based full-range spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2013)

We propose a single-step method appropriated for a fiber-optic probe-based full-range spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The fiber-optic probe was scanned over a sample with a magnetically driven actuator. In the reference arm, a phase shift of π/2 was applied during two neighbor axial scanning, from which the complex spectral interferogram was directly reconstructed. Since the complex-conjugate-free OCT image is obtained by doing just one Fourier transform on the complex interferogram, obtaining the full-range image is simple in algorithm and effective in computation time. Some full-range images of biological samples created with the proposed method are presented and the processing time is analyzed.
Intestinal Autophagy Improves Healthspan and Longevity in C. elegans during Dietary Restriction (2016)

Dietary restriction (DR) is a dietary regimen that extends lifespan in many organisms. One mechanism contributing to the conserved effect of DR on longevity is the cellular recycling process autophagy, which is induced in response to nutrient scarcity and increases sequestration of cytosolic material into double-membrane autophagosomes for degradation in the lysosome. Although autophagy plays a direct role in DR-mediated lifespan extension in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the contribution of autophagy in individual tissues remains unclear. In this study, we show a critical role for autophagy in the intestine, a major metabolic tissue, to ensure lifespan extension of dietary-restricted eat-2 mutants. The intestine of eat-2 mutants has an enlarged lysosomal compartment and flux assays indicate increased turnover of autophagosomes, consistent with an induction of autophagy in this tissue. This increase in intestinal autophagy may underlie the improved intestinal integrity we observe in eat-2 mutants, since whole-body and intestinal-specific inhibition of autophagy in eat-2 mutants greatly impairs the intestinal barrier function. Interestingly, intestinal-specific inhibition of autophagy in eat-2 mutants leads to a decrease in motility with age, alluding to a potential cell non-autonomous role for autophagy in the intestine. Collectively, these results highlight important functions for autophagy in the intestine of dietary-restricted C. elegans.
The Use of Triisopropylsilyl-oxymethyl (TOM) in the Synthesis of Anti-telomerase 2-5A Antisense Compound RBI 011 (2003)

The 2-5A antisense compound RBI 011 targeting telomerase RNA was synthesized using the triisopropylsilyl-oxymethyl (TOM) group for the 3'-hydroxyl protection of 2',5'-linked RNA.
Natural convection with internal heat generation in aqueous fluids and liquid metals : preliminary technical report (1957)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/5335/5/bac3491.0001.001.pdf
Checking nested properties using bounded model checking and sequential ATPG (2006)

This paper develops a novel approach to formally verify nested VLSI circuit properties, using bounded model checking and gate-level sequential ATPG tools. This approach improves the verification quality by devising an algorithm that checks nested realistic properties. This makes ATPG verification based tools applicable to realistic properties. We also show that the performance of our approach is superior when compared to SAT-based techniques in both efficiency and capacity, especially for large bounds and for complex properties.
Proficiency testing in clinical cytogenetics. A 6-year experience with photographs, fixed cells, and fresh blood. (1993)

The College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Human Genetics offer a proficiency testing program in clinical cytogenetics. Two hundred twenty-five laboratories now provide data for this survey, which was begun in 1986. Challenges have consisted of photographed metaphases, fixed lymphoblastoid cell suspensions, fresh peripheral blood, and disarranged karyotypes. The "correct" response was based on 80% or greater consensus among either the referees or the participants. Referee laboratories performed better than participants. More laboratories were able to report accurate recognition of abnormalities by using a coded list than could write the interpretation in standardized nomenclature. Deletions, unbalanced translocations, and inversions were more difficult challenges than balanced translocations or trisomies. Prenatal and lymphocyte challenges were more likely to result in consensus than were bone marrow challenges. Participants performed best on whole-blood challenges. Fixed cell suspensions were less satisfactory. Excellent quality case material is essential for a successful challenge. A grading system has been devised to separate artifacts of the survey process from proficiency variables.
Deprotection of Oligonucleotides and Purification Using Denaturing <scp>PAGE</scp> (1992)

The advantages of purification by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) are speed, simplicity, and high resolution. Although yields tend to be low (<50% of applied sample), the amount of material recovered is usually far in excess of that required for most molecular biology applications (e.g., cloning and sequencing). Denaturing PAGE can resolve oligonucleotides from 2 to 300 bases, depending on the percentage of polyacrylamide used. The method presented here is thus useful not only for isolating chemically synthesized deoxyribonucleotides but also small RNAs or other single-stranded polynucleotides.
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in fetal rat mesencephalic cultures: regulation by fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I. (1996)

In rat ventral mesencephalic cultures, IGF-I and bovine fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) act cooperatively to support the survival of dopaminergic neurons. To determine the potential role of IGFBPs in modulating the actions of IGF-I in the ventral mesencephalon, we identified the IGFBPs present in ventral mesencephalic cultures and examined their regulation by IGF-I and bFGF. In the absence of added growth factors, the major binding protein secreted from these cultures was IGFBP-2. Small amounts of IGFFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 were also detected. Addition of bFGF to the cultures increased the amounts of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 released from the cells by 4.4 +/- 2.6 -fold (P < 0.1) and 11.5 +/- 3.5 -fold (P < 0.05), respectively. IGF-I, itself, had little effect on the production of IGFBPs, but when added together with bFGF increased the levels of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 by 12.4 +/- 5.1 -fold (P < 0.05) and 27.4 +/- 5.3 -fold (P < 0.02), respectively. The stimulatory effect of bFGF and IGF-I on IGFBP production was apparent after a 2- to 3-day exposure of the mesencephalic cultures to the peptides. IGFBP-4, the most abundant IGFBP present in the cultures after 7 days of growth factor treatment, was immunocyto-chemically localized primarily to neurons, of which a subset were dopaminergic neurons. The addition of purified rat IGFBP-4 to the cultures in the absence of added growth factors had no effect on the survival of dopaminergic neurons, but when added with IGF-I potentiated the effect of IGF-I on neuronal survival. We propose that the up-regulation of IGFBP-4 by IGF-I and bFGF may serve to localize IGF-I to sites of action in the nervous system and thereby potentiate the neurotrophic actions of IGF-I.
Flow velocity distribution near the arterial bifurcation by Doppler ultrasound mapping (2002)

A latex phantom of the carotid artery, with its bifurcation, was placed in a highly accurate measurement system. Steady, laminar flow was induced, and its velocity measured by Doppler UltraSound Mapping (DUSM). Orientation and location of the DUSM probe were registered concurrently, so as to allow calculation of the velocity vectorial components. Axial and non-axial components of the flow velocity vectors correlated well (>0.99) with calculated values. The low SD (2.3 cm/sec for axial flow, 0.63 degrees for the angle of the non-axial component), allowed calculating the axial flow velocity distribution at the bifurcation, and its deviation from symmetry. An index of asymmetry changed from 'normal' 115/spl plusmn/17 (for 6.0 and 4.0 mm branches) to 79/spl plusmn/12 when the 6.0 mm branch was occluded. The changes increased for higher flow velocities.
ICAM-1 Binding Rhinoviruses A89 and B14 Uncoat in Different Endosomal Compartments (2016)

Based on similarity of their RNA genomic sequences, the more than 150 currently known common cold virus serotypes were classified as species A, B, and C. The majority of HRV-A viruses and all HRV-B viruses use ICAM-1 for cell attachment and entry. Our results highlight important differences of two ICAM-1 binding HRVs with respect to their intracellular trafficking and productive uncoating; they demonstrate that serotypes belonging to species A and B, but entering the cell via the same receptors, direct the endocytosis machinery to ferry them along distinct pathways toward different endocytic compartments for uncoating.
Studies in magnetic beta-spectrometry (1962)

Part I. A number of modifications were made to the large spheroidal field B-spectrometer and a small lens spectrometer was attachedto it for 3-3 coincidence measurements. The method of ion ejection from a capillary tube for preparing thin sources was developed and used for making Ce144 sources. An attemptwas made to verify the existence of a 166 keV excited statein Pr 144 suggested by some investigators by observing the predicted Y-Y cascade, i.e. 33 keV Y-ray followed by a 133 keV Y-ray. No evidence of B-B coincidences between the K133 and L133 conversion lines was found. Part II. The trajectories of electrons in a spheroidal field were found by integrating the equations of motion using the electronic computer 'Mercury' of the University of London. The focusing properties of a B-spectrometer using this field were investigated and an attempt was made to find an analytical form for the field intensity which would describe the field in the large spectrometer.<p>
Penicillin resistance: the chemistry of .beta.-lactamase inhibition (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPenicillin resistance: the chemistry of .beta.-lactamase inhibitionJeremy R. KnowlesCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 4, 97–104Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00112a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00112a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2607Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite and its foam assisted by ultrasound vibration (2016)

Polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite with an interconnected honeycomb-like structure was prepared by firstly coating the surface of the polystyrene pellets with multi-wall carbon nanotube, and sequentially welded through an ultrasound vibration technique. The mechanical and morphological properties of as-prepared composite were investigated in various measurements. It was found that an aggregative and honeycomb-like morphology of multi-wall carbon nanotube existed in the polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite according to the polarized optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic results; the ultrasound vibration could benefit to the performance of flexural strength. Furthermore, different composite foams were studied in this work, employing supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. Compared to other foams prepared by the conventional methods, the compressive strength of the foams derived from as-described novel method, was significantly improved. Also, being ascribed to this interconnected structure by coating carbon nanotube on polystyrene pellets, good electrical conductivity of 0.05–0.11 S/m was achieved in the novel composite foams.
Surface characterization of contaminant reactants covering the period June 14, 1982-June 14, 1983 (1983)

Interactions of gaseous NO and SO/sub 2/ with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SiO/sub 2/, and iron deposited on SiO/sub 2/ were carried out at temperatures 298, 473, and 673K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used in the analysis. Pure Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and SiO/sub 2/ did not show any reaction with either NO or SO/sub 2/ at any of the three tenperatures. Iron was deposited on SiO/sub 2/ in the metallic state. Both gases interacted with the Fe/SiO/sub 2/ system. Interaction increased with increasing iron deposition. Two forms of nitrogen were observed when NO was exposed to the Fe/SiO/sub 2/ system at 298K. They were identified as nitride and molecularly adsorbed NO. At 473K, the amount of nitride increased while molecularly adsorbed NO was not observed. Neither form of nitrogen was observed at 673K. Two forms of sulfur, sulfate and sulfide, were observed at 298K on the SO/sub 2//Fe/SiO/sub 2/ system. At 473K, amount of sulfide increased while the amount of sulfate decreased. Neither form of sulfur was observed at 673K. 30 references, 9 figures, 11 tables.
Characterization of receptors for angiotensin in the rat vas deferens (1979)

Experiments were performed in the rat vas deferens to characterize the receptor for angiotensin mediating the potentiation of the sympathetic nerve stimulation by this peptide. For this purpose we measured the order of potency of various angiotensins, the affinity of two specific and competitive antagonists, and we compared the effects of several angiotensins in tissues desensitized by angiotensin II.The potency of natural angiotensins follows the order: AT II > AT I > AT III the relative potency of a few analogues which resist degradation by proteolytic enzymes as well as the potency of three L-Ala analogues of AT II show similar changes as those observed in other smooth muscle preparations (e.g. the rabbit aorta).Affinity of antagonists was evaluated by measuring pA 2 and is higher for [Leu 8 ]-AT II than for [des-Asp 1 , Leu 8 ]-AT II . Both antagonists appear to be competitive since they displace the dose-response curves of AT II and AT III to the right without changing the slope of the curves. Desensitization with AT II renders the tissues insensitive to AT III and to other angiotensins without changing the response of the tissues to substance P.AT II does not modify the action of exogenous NA on nonstimulated tissues. AT I has no direct effect since its action is completely blocked in the presence of an inhibitor of the converting enzyme (SQ. 14225), while the responses of the vas deferens to AT II and substance P are unaltered.It is concluded that the receptor for AT II in the rat vas deferens is of the same type as the receptor mediating contraction of the rabbit aorta.
Chemical Linkage of Polysaccharides to Residual Lignin in Loblolly Pine Kraft Pulps (1986)

Abstract The chemical bonding of polysaccharides to the residual lignin remaining in bleachable grade loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) kraft pulp was examined by methylation analysis. Before analysis, most of the nonbonded polysaccharides were enzymatically hydrolyzed and the sugars were washed from the remaining solid to give a residual lignin that contained about 8% carbohydrates. The analysis indicated that the majority of the remaining sugars were present as oligomeric segments of well-characterized pulp polysaccharides. About one monomeric unit per oligomer was bonded to lignin. The methylation data indicated that the major bonding was to the primary C-6 position in hexans and the primary C-5 position in arabinan. Xylan was bonded to lignin at C-3 with a small amount at C-2. The overall pattern and quantity of bonding was sufficiently similar to that previously determined for Pinus taeda wood to conclude that formation of alkali-stable, acid-hydrolyzable lignin-carbohydrate bonds is not significant during kraft pulping. The predominant methylated derivatives obtained from galactose and arabinose indicated 1–4 and 1–5 linkages, respectively. This is characteristic of pectic galactan and arabinan structures. It is especially interesting that these structures, which were previously noted with the wood lignin, were carried through the pulping process. They appear to be intimately associated with the lignin polymer. Arabinan, galactoglucomannan, and galactan were solubilized when the residual pulp enzyme lignin was oxidized with sodium chlorite. The insoluble cellulose, glucomannan and arabinoxylan oligomers no longer contained units bonded to lignin.
The role of radiotherapy in the management of operable locally advanced breast carcinoma (1997)

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to test the role of radiotherapy following total mastectomy, axillary dissection, and adjuvant systemic therapy in the management of operable locally advanced breast carcinoma. METHODS After undergoing mastectomy and axillary dissection, 426 patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were registered on study and stratified by patient characteristics and risk factors. All patients were then treated with six courses of chemohormonotherapy. After being restaged, the 332 patients remaining without recurrence were randomized to receive prophylactic radiotherapy or to undergo observation and receive radiotherapy only if and when there was locoregional recurrence. RESULTS Three hundred twelve of 332 randomized patients were deemed eligible and analyzed for both time to relapse and survival. The median follow-up period was 9.1 years. There were no significant differences in time to relapse and overall survival between the two treatment arms. Of those assigned to radiation, 60% relapsed, with a median time to relapse of 4.7 years, and 46% were alive at last follow-up, with a median survival of 8.3 years. Of those assigned to observation, 56% relapsed, with a median time to relapse of 5.2 years, and 47% were alive at last follow-up, with a median survival of 8.1 years. The two treatment arms had significantly different patterns of sites of first recurrence. There were 9% fewer locoregional first recurrences among those assigned to radiation than among those assigned to observation (15% vs. 24%), whereas there were 15% more first relapses at distant sites (50% vs. 35%) among those assigned to radiation (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy for locally advanced breast carcinoma, following mastectomy, axillary dissection, and adjuvant systemic therapy, results in fewer locoregional but more distant recurrences at first relapse. No significant advantage was seen for consolidation radiotherapy over observation in terms of either time to relapse or survival, both of which were virtually identical in the two treatment arms. [See editorial counterpoint on pages 1061-6 and reply to counterpoint on pages 1067-8, this issue.] Cancer 1997; 79:1138-49. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Effect of three loading doses of warfarin on the international normalized ratio for dogs (2000)

A warfarin loading dose of 6 mg/d can be safely administered for 2 days to dogs weighing between 25 and 30 kg. Anticoagulation can be achieved safely in dogs in 2 days by use of warfarin. The effects of warfarin can be monitored with the INR.
Dionysius Solomós. By Romilly Jenkins. Pp. x + 225; pl. 2. Cambridge: University Press, 1940. 8<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. (1942)

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Entropy along convex shapes, random tilings and shifts of finite type (2002)

A well-known formula for the topological entropy of a symbolic system is $h_{\operatorname{top}}(X)=\lim_{n\to\infty} \log N(\Lambda_n)/|\Lambda_n|$, where $\Lambda_n$ is the box of side $n$ in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ and $N(\Lambda)$ is the number of configurations of the system on the finite subset $\Lambda$ of $\mathbb{Z}^d$. We investigate the convergence of the above limit for sequences of regions other than $\Lambda_n$ and show in particular that if $\Xi_n$ is any sequence of finite `convex' sets in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ whose inradii tend to infinity, then the sequence $\log N(\Xi_n)/|\Xi_n|$ converges to $h_{\operatorname{top}}(X)$. We apply this to give a concrete proof of a `strong Variational Principle', that is, the result that for certain higher dimensional systems the topological entropy of the system is the supremum of the measure-theoretic entropies taken over the set of all invariant measures with the Bernoulli property.
EEG burst detection: performance evaluation (2003)

Prior research has shown that bursting in early recovery, is an indicator of neurological outcome following a hypoxic-ischemic injury. This paper compares three burst-counting procedures, the "gold standard" clinician, the Teager Energy Operator (TEO) and the Square Law Detector (SLD). Analysis of detection performance showed that the TEO easily detects more accurate bursts than the traditional SLD. During periods of high EEG background activity, the TEO maintains a high burst detection rate coupled with a low false alarm rate.
Opening Electrical Contacts: The Transition from the Molten Metal Bridge to the Electric Arc (2010)

This paper presents a comprehensive explanation of the formation of the electric arc between opening contacts in a current carrying electric circuit. As the contacts begin to open a molten metal bridge forms between them. The rupture of this bridge and the initial formation of the electric arc are studied in both atmospheric air and vacuum using experiments to determine the direction of metal transfer between the contacts as a function of time after the rupture of the molten metal bridge. High speed streak photography is also used to show the rupture of the molten metal bridge and the initial formation of the electric arc. Analysis of these data show that a very high-pressure, high-temperature metal vapor zone exists between the contacts after the rupture of the molten metal bridge. Under this condition a pseudo-arc forms where current is carried by metal ions and an anomalous, high net transfer of metal to the cathodic contact occurs. The pressure in this region decreases rapidly and there is a transition to the usual electric arc, which still operates in the metal vapor. In this arc the current is now mostly carried by electrons. The data shows that there is still a net transfer of metal to the cathode, but now its volume is a function of the arcing time.
Optimizing scalable video compression for efficient implementation on a VLIW media processor (2005)

State-of-the-art digital multimedia platforms contain a powerful VLIW processing core. To obtain ultimate performance with such platforms a media-processing algorithm should exploit all the advantages provided by the VLIW processor's architecture. This work focuses on a method of adaptating a video compression algorithm for implementation on the VLIW processor using algorithm-architecture co-design. We demonstrate the importance of our adaptation approach and show the improved efficiency of the algorithm implementation.