gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the detonation products of lead azide: III. Laser-induced hole burning and flow visualization (1993)

The cloud of products formed following the detonation of lead azide (LA) contains solid particles. Utilizing a pulsed beam of a neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, the particles are evaporated and hole burning through the opaque cloud is demonstrated. The characteristics of the hole and of the expanding cloud are monitored in real time by a HeNe beam, high-speed framing photography and emission of excited Pb atoms. The hole is carried with the cloud and propagates at a constant velocity of 0.5–2.8 km/s, depending on the time and location of burning and given by d(h)/t(h), where d(h) is the distance from the LA sample to the center of the Nd:YAG beam and t(h) is the time from detonation to hole burning. The reduction in the number and size of the particles is monitored by scanning electron microscopy of the deposits formed on a substrate following the detonation. The propagation of the Nd:YAG laser pulse through the cloud is numerically modeled and provides an estimate of the increase in the temperature and the decrease of the size of the particles as a result of the interaction with the laser beam.
Photon dynamics of amplified and damped cavity fields (2012)

Abstract We have derived a quantum trajectory model for describing the dynamics of cavity fields of optoelectronic devices. We apply the model to describe the photon statistics of semiconductor devices. The model is based on three parameters: the injected current, the electron‐photon coupling in semiconductor active material, and the cavity loss rate. The model can be applied to solve the steady state photon statistics of various device configurations and also describe the transient phenomena. We show that depending on the parameters the device can operate e.g. as a light emitting diode or as a laser. We also investigate the photon correlation properties and discuss the photon bunching and anti‐bunching phenomena. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Subfamily of Olfactory Receptors Characterized by Unique Structural Features and Expression Patterns (1997)

The complex chemospecificity of the olfactory system is probably due to the large family of short-looped, heptahelical receptor proteins expressed in neurons widely distributed throughout one of the several zones within the nasal neuroepithelium. In this study, a subfamily of olfactory receptors has been identified that is characterized by distinct structural features as well as a unique expression pattern. Members of this receptor family are found in mammals, such as rodents and opossum, but not in lower vertebrates. All identified subtypes comprise an extended third extracellular loop that exhibits amphiphilic properties and contains numerous charged amino acids in conserved positions. Olfactory sensory neurons expressing these receptor types are segregated in small clusters on the tip of central turbinates, thus representing a novel pattern of expression for olfactory receptors. In mouse, genes encoding the new subfamily of receptors were found to be harbored within a small contiguous segment of genomic DNA. Based on species specificity as well as the unique structural properties and expression pattern, it is conceivable that the novel receptor subfamily may serve a special function in the olfactory system of mammals.
Variants of Hepatitis B Virus Associated with Fulminant Liver Disease (1991)

Two elegant articles in this issue of the Journal 1 , 2 describe a fulminant and fatal course of hepatitis in some patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in whose serum surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) were present, rather than the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) itself. HBeAg is a nonstructural protein of HBV discovered in the early 1970s.3 It is produced during active viral replication and secreted into the serum, but its function remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that the amino acid sequence of the HBeAg protein is largely identical to that of the . . .
Die stabile Angina pectoris lässt sich rein medikamentös behandeln - Contra (2007)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Space Debris Population in the Geosynchronous Region After 100 Years (2008)

This paper shows a prediction of the environment in the geosynchronous region using an orbital debris environmental evolutionary model. We conducted three projection scenarios with changing the number of disposed satellites. The results of projections indicate that explosions of spacecraft and rocket upper stages form the origin of the orbiting fragments. Therefore, actions to reduce the explosions of the spacecraft and the rocket upper stages are effective for preserving the environment of the geosynchronous orbit. The collisions predicted in the baseline scenario are less than those in the non-disposal scenario.
Comparison of Binding of IgE and IgG Antibodies to Honeybee Venom Phospholipase-A (1978)

Abstract We compared the quantities and avidities of IgE and IgG antibodies from three phospholipase-A (PLA) sensitive patients during honeybee venom immunotherapy. IgG antibody was purified by affinity chromatography through a Sepharose anti-IgE Column followed by ionexchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex. IgE antibody was obtained by elution from the Sepharose anti-IgE column with 4 M guanidinium HCl and by passage of the eluate over Sepharose anti-IgG. Absolute amounts of IgE and IgG antibody to PLA were determined by immunoabsorption and radioimmunoprecipitation, respectively. IgE antibody to PLA accounted for 25.1% to 28.7% (X̄ = 27.0%) of the total IgE protein; IgG antibody accounted for 0.073% to 0.210% (X̄ = 0.130%) of the total IgG protein. The relative avidities of IgE and IgG antibodies were assessed by the ability of equimolar amounts to bind radioiodinated PLA. In two patients, avidities of IgE and IgG antibody for PLA were comparble, whereas in the third, IgG antibody bound PLA more avidly than IgE antibody. The valence of IgE antibody was greater than 1.9, assuming that PLA behaved as a univalent ligand in extreme antigen excess. IgG antibody was able to inhibit binding of IgE antibody in the PLA radioallergosorbent test (RAST) from 10% to 40% at a molar excess of 10- to 1000-fold. The results indicate that: 1) IgE antibody to PLA accounts for a high percentage of total IgE protein; 2) the avidities of IgE and IgG antibodies are similar (two of three patients); 3) the valence of IgE antibody approaches two; and (4) IgG antibody can interfere with the measurement of IgE antibody in the PLA RAST.
Signal Transduction by Tumor Necrosis Factor Mediated by JNK Protein Kinases (1994)

JNK protein kinases are distantly related to mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERKs) and are activated by dual phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr. The JNK protein kinase group includes the 46-kDa isoform JNK1. Here we describe the molecular cloning of a second member of the JNK group, the 55-kDa protein kinase JNK2. The activities of both JNK isoforms are markedly increased by exposure of cells to UV radiation. Furthermore, JNK protein kinase activation is observed in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor. Although both JNK isoforms phosphorylate the NH2-terminal activation domain of the transcription factor c-Jun, the activity of JNK2 was approximately 10-fold greater than that of JNK1. This difference in c-Jun phosphorylation correlates with increased binding of c-Jun to JNK2 compared with JNK1. The distinct in vitro biochemical properties of these JNK isoforms suggest that they may have different functions in vivo. Evidence in favor of this hypothesis was obtained from the observation that JNK1, but not JNK2, complements a defect in the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Together, these data indicate a role for the JNK group of protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway initiated by proinflammatory cytokines and UV radiation.
Single-polarisation operation of highly birefringent bow-tie optical fibres (1983)

Experimental results show that bow-tie fibres with high levels of stress-induced birefringence can be operated such that they support only a single linearly polarised mode. Under these conditions the loss of the fibre is 5 dB/km for the guided mode and 55 dB/km for the suppressed mode For short-length operation as a polariser, extinction ratios as high as 50 dB/m have been obtained.
Coal-cleaning and coal slurry wastewater: a literature review. Final report (1984)

Thin-section single-phase MDCT is an accurate technique for the diagnosis and assessment of resectability in patients with a suspected pancreatic neoplasm. This technique provides optimal tumor-to-pancreas contrast and maximal pancreatic parenchymal and peripancreatic vascular enhancement. It allows visualization of the entire liver and the whole upper abdomen during the portal phase for accurate identification of liver metastases and peritoneal seeding.
Antennas as Surface Array Elements for Body Imaging at Ultrahigh Field Strengths (2012)

MR imaging at ultrahigh field strengths requires frequencies in the ultrahigh frequency range. At these frequencies, coils start to behave as antennas with a near field and a far field. In the near field, reactive fields dominate. In the far field, the field turns into an electromagnetic wave, propagating away from the coil. If the imaging target is located in the far field, then the design criteria for the coil change. Rather than creating a resonant coil with a high reactive field, an electromagnetic wave has to be emitted efficiently. At 7 T, this is the case when imaging deeply located body parts such as the prostate. It requires generating E- and B-fields such that the resulting Poynting vector is oriented toward the target region. The antenna impedance should be adjusted to the equilibrium wave impedance within the patient. This will avoid large E- and B-fields at the surface that cause high SAR levels. On the basis of these criteria, we have presented a new type of surface array element: the single-side adapted dipole antenna and demonstrated its superior performance by comparison to a 10 cm diameter loop coil and two microstrip element designs. Volunteer prostate images are shown using an array of eight of these elements.
The Inner Hair Cell Afferent/Efferent Synapses Revisited: A Basis for New Therapeutic Strategies (2002)

Within the cochlea, the sensory inner hair cells, which transduce the mechanical displacement of the basilar membrane into neural activity, release glutamate that acts on postsynaptic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor channels located on dendrites of primary auditory neurons. Up to now, it has been thought that the auditory nerve responses passively reflected the motion of the basilar membrane supporting the organ of Corti. Here, we show that dopaminergic lateral olivocochlear efferents drive a permanent gain control at the site of auditory action potential initialization. A dysfunction of this system leads to the development of early signs of excitotoxicity. With the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved at this first synaptic complex in the cochlea, it is now possible to envisage local treatments for spiral ganglion neurons, either to stop an excitotoxically induced hyperexcitability (probably the starting point of most posttraumatic tinnitus) or to prevent neuronal death (neural presbycusis).
Development and Assessment of a Multizone Combustion Simulation Code for SI Engines Based on a Novel Fractal Model (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A combustion simulation code for the prediction of heat release, flame propagation speed and pollutant formation in SI engines was developed and assessed. It is based on a multizone combustion model that takes the non-uniform spatial distribution of the in-cylinder burned-gas thermochemical properties into account. The multizone approach for burning rate calculation is coupled with a CAD procedure for the evaluation of burned-gas front area and radius. Specifically developed sub-models for determining CO and NO formation are included in the code.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An original model based on the fractal geometry concept was used to describe the entrainment of fresh mixture through the flame front. The proposed approach takes account of the effects of both radical species and heat transfer across the flame front by fine-scale turbulence eddies, in addition to the increase of the actual flame front area caused by the wrinkling effect of turbulence, which is the only effect considered in the conventional approach. The model presents a new definition for the outer cutoff length scale, based on the flame front area. The conventional fractal approach, as well as the widely-used non-fractal one, are still embedded in the code for comparison.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The predictive model was applied to a multivalve, fast-burn chamber SI engine fuelled by either gasoline or CNG under a significant sample of operating conditions. The calculation results were compared to experimental data. The developed code was shown to be an effective and reliable tool for SI engine combustion simulation. In fact, the authors' flame-propagation model led to an accurate prediction of the flame-turbulence interaction during the overall combustion period, from early flame development to flame extinction. In addition, it does not require flame kernel growth and burnout sub-models as conventional correlations do for combustion stages in which fine-scale turbulence is reduced and the outer length-scale cutoff is linked to the flame size.</div>
Short-term effect of aldosterone on vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat collecting tubule (1993)

Because previous studies indicated that, in the rat collecting tubule, vasopressin (AVP)-sensitive adenylate cyclase (AC) is controlled by mineralocorticoids in the long term, the present study was designed to investigate whether such a control also exists in the short term. Therefore, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of aldosterone on AC activity in cortical and outer medullary collecting tubules (CCD and OMCD, respectively) from adrenalectomized rats. Injection of aldosterone (10 micrograms/kg body wt) to adrenalectomized rats restored within 3 h AVP-sensitive AC activity in the CCD and OMCD up to the levels observed in the corresponding segments of adrenal intact rats. Similarly, incubating CCD or OMCD from adrenalectomized rats for 2.5 h in the presence of 10(-8) M aldosterone enhanced AVP-sensitive AC activity up to values similar to those found in normal rats. In vitro stimulation of AVP-sensitive AC activity was dose dependent with regard to aldosterone [apparent affinity constant (K0.5) approximately 10(-9) M], appeared after a 30-min lag period, and reached its maximum after 2-2.5 h. In addition, it was totally abolished by the antimineralocorticoid spironolactone, whereas the specific glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38486 had no effect. Finally, actinomycin D and cycloheximide totally abolished the in vitro action of aldosterone, demonstrating the involvement of protein synthesis in that process.
Dual-headed SPECT for awake animal brain imaging (2011)

Motion-corrected awake animal imaging is needed for normal-state investigations of models of neurological disease and brain activity. The awake animal brain SPECT/CT system, AwakeSPECT at Johns Hopkins University has in the past used a single gamma camera for imaging. Enhancements have been made by adding a pinhole collimator to the second gamma camera at the opposite side which has been previously equipped parallel hole collimator. Geometry calibration was performed using a custom built quality control phantom containing three Co-57 point sources and applied to the tomographic reconstruction code. Hot-rod phantom scans with Tc-99m were performed to test sensitivity and resolution improvements. The reconstruction results show significant resolution and sensitivity improvements.
An Arithmetic Coding Scheme by Converting the Multisymbol Alphabet to M-ary Alphabet (2007)

A new arithmetic coding scheme is proposed by converting the multisymbol alphabet to unary alphabet. The multisymbol alphabet of given model is first converted to m-ary alphabet where m ranges from 2 to N, N being the number of symbols in the original alphabet, then each m-ary digit of the transformed input is arithmetically encoded using conditional probabilities obtained by Bayes' theorem. It is observed that for an adaptive model of either text or images, the compression ratio has improved slightly as the value of m ranges from 2 to 4 and settles down as m takes values beyond 4.
Elevated levels of versican but not decorin predict disease progression in early-stage prostate cancer. (1998)

Patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who might be cured by aggressive management are not easily identified using current clinical information. Additional, more accurate, biomarkers of tumor behavior need to be identified to improve clinical outcome. Our previous studies indicated that the concentration of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate in prostatic stroma might be a useful biomarker of disease progression in early-stage prostate cancer. In this study, two chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, versican and decorin, were investigated. Versican and decorin were immunolocalized to the periacinar and peritumoral fibromuscular stroma in sections of nonmalignant and malignant human prostate tissues. Video image measurements indicated that the concentrations of both proteoglycans were increased in the prostatic tissue of men with early-stage prostate cancer compared with tissue from men without cancer (P = 0.0006). Cox's univariate analysis indicated that increases in versican concentration but not in that of decorin were associated with increased risk of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression. Versican concentration was compared with other clinical or biological features of prognosis in two-variable regression analyses. Versican and serum PSA concentrations were independent predictors of PSA progression. Versican was a stronger prognostic factor than tumor grade, and it could predict outcome for patients with moderately differentiated tumors. Patients with low versican concentration had significantly better progression-free survival than patients with high levels of versican (Kaplan-Meier plot, 89% versus 27% PSA progression-free at 5 years, respectively; P = 0.0001). We conclude that the measurement of prostatic concentrations of versican, a molecule with reported anticellular adhesive properties, may be a useful marker of disease progression in patients with early-stage prostate cancer and that further study of versican in other patient cohorts is warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of cis‐(1R)‐N‐Benzyl‐(2S)‐(hydroxymethyl) cyclohexylamine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DUAL-BAND IMPLANTABLE ANTENNAS FOR MEDICAL TELEMETRY: A FAST DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND VALIDATION FOR INTRA-CRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORING (2013)

In this study, we suggest and experimentally validate a methodology for fast and optimized design of dual-band implantable antennas for medical telemetry (MICS, 402-405 MHz, and ISM, 2400-2480 MHz). The methodology aims to adjust the design of a parametric dual-band antenna model towards optimally satisfying the requirements imposed by the antenna-fabrication procedure and medical application in hand. Design is performed in a systematic, fast, and accurate way. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed methodology is applied to optimize the parametric antenna model for intra-cranial pressure (ICP) monitoring given a specific antennafabrication procedure. For validation purposes, a prototype of the optimized antenna is fabricated and experimentally tested. The proposed antenna is further evaluated within a 13-tissue anatomical head model in terms of resonance, radiation, and safety performance for ICP monitoring. Extensive parametric studies of the optimized antenna are, finally, performed. Feasibility of the proposed parametric antenna model to be optimally re-adjusted for various scenarios is demonstrated, and generic guidelines are provided for implantable antenna design. Dual-band operation is targeted to ensure energy
Medial Tibiofemoral-Joint Stiffness in Males and Females Across the Lifespan (2014)

Prepubescent medial tibiofemoral-joint stiffness was less than postpubescent knee stiffness. Medial tibiofemoral-joint stiffness was related to height and mass after puberty in men and women.
Block I/O Accelerator Technique to Improve Data Access Performance based Linux Multiple Disk (2016)

The Linux-based legacy server systems are configured and used with software RAID to improve the performance of the disk I/O. However, the problem is that the current Linux kernel and software RAID are difficult to optimize the high-performance block I/O because it is designed to be optimized for low-speed devices. Therefore, we propose the efficient method using recombination and re-mapping techniques to improve the performance of Block I/O Accelerator based software RAID level-0 provided on the Linux kernel level. This proposed method is designed to have more bandwidth at a time by reducing the number of system calls considering the block I/O characteristics of Linux kernel and RAID level 0. As a low-level I/O benchmarking tool, XDD is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. According to the experimental results, our performance gains are 15.24% on write bandwidth and 14.87% on read bandwidth compared with legacy software RAID 0.
An asymmetric protocol for digital cellular communications (2002)

Describes the design, validation, implementation and performance of an asymmetric link-layer protocol for a wireless link. The motivation for designing a new link-layer protocol is to obtain better performance in terms of end-to-end throughput and latency by correcting errors in an unreliable wireless link in addition to end-to-end correction rather than by correcting errors only by end-to-end retransmissions. The protocol described concentrates on asymmetry, although the concept of adaptive forward error correction is briefly introduced. The protocol also supports mobility. The asymmetry is needed in the design because the wireless terminals have limited power and smaller processing capability than the base stations. The key ideas in the design consist of placing the bulk of the intelligence in the base station as opposed to placing it symmetrically, in requiring the wireless terminal to combine several acknowledgments into a single acknowledgment to conserve power, and in designing the base stations to send periodic status messages, while making the acknowledgment from the wireless terminal event driven. The asymmetry in the protocol design results in a one-third reduction of the compiled code and a two-thirds reduction of processing overhead in the wireless terminal. Some performance results are also presented.