gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodepolymerization of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (1972)

Abstract The light‐induced degradation of aqueous hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC; D.S. 1.9) solutions has been investigated under a variety of conditions. The HPMC was sensitized to short‐wavelength radiation (<500 nm) by the addition of sodium nitrite, the degradation being accompanied by increased acidity and the generation of oxides of nitrogen. Addition of eosin dye increased the sensitivity to visible light (>500 nm), and the effect was considerably more pronounced when strong electron donors were added. Analysis of the shear–viscosity relationship of the solutions, during the degradation, indicated that both chain disentanglement and chain scission occurred but that the primary process was the depolymerization of the cellulose chain. It is proposed that both the dye‐ and nitrite‐induced depolymerizations are a consequence of peroxide attack on the β‐glucosidic ether link. The results indicate that, in the case of sodium nitrite addition, the peroxide was generated by the aqueous photolytic decomposition of the nitrite ion. The peroxide formation in the eosin—TEA system was a consequence of leuco‐dye production, under the influence of the light, followed by the reduction of traces of dissolved oxygen by this activated dye.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular glucoamylase from the thermophilic fungus <i>Humicola grisea</i> var. <i>thermoidea</i> (1993)

Humicola grisea var. thermoidea mycelium grown on maltose as the main source of carbon produced at least two amylases. The major amylolytic component was purified to homogeneity and classified as a glucoamylase. The apparent molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 63 000 Da by SDS-PAGE and 65 000 Da by Bio-Gel P-100 filtration. The purified enzyme was a glycoprotein with 1.8% carbohydrate content and pH and temperature optima of 5.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The purified glucoamylase was thermostable at 60 °C with a half-life of 16 min at 65 °C. In the presence of starch the purified enzyme retained 75% of its thermostability at 65 °C, while the addition of maltose failed to protect the activity. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed branched substrates more efficiently than linear substrates. Starch and amylopectin were the best substrates utilized and amylose was hydrolyzed faster than maltopentaose, maltotetraose, and maltotriose. Kinetic experiments suggested that maltose and starch were hydrolyzed at the same catalytic site.Key words: glucoamylase, amylase, Humicola grisea.
The duality of database structures and design techniques (1987)

Attempting to pair database structures with database design techniques that seem incompatible yields some fascinating concepts about the world of database, including foreign keys and multiple relationships.
Presenilins in the Developing, Adult, and Aging Cerebral Cortex (2005)

Mutations in presenilins are the major cause of familial Alzheimer disease. The involvement of presenilins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, therefore, has been the subject of intense investigation during the past decade. Genetic analysis of phenotypes associated with presenilin mutations in invertebrate and vertebrate systems has greatly advanced our understanding of the in vivo functions of presenilins. In this review, the authors will summarize the current understanding of presenilin function, with an emphasis on the mammalian cerebral cortex. During development, presenilins play crucial roles in the maintenance of neural progenitor cell proliferation, the temporal control of neuronal differentiation, the survival of Cajal-Retzius neurons, and proper neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex. Analysis of presenilin function in the adult cerebral cortex has revealed essential roles for presenilins in synaptic plasticity, long-term memory, and neuronal survival. The authors will also discuss the molecular mechanisms through which presenilins may mediate these functions, including the Notch, CREB, and NMDA receptor-mediated signaling pathways. These diverse functions of presenilins in cortical development and function and neuronal survival have important implications for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia.
Laser frequency standards (1986)

This paper gives a brief review of the present status of the problem of developing optical frequency standards. The basic principles of laser-frequency stabilization based on narrow nonlinear optical resonances are presented. The basic physical factors determining the shape and the shift of narrow resonances are discussed. The design of the modern laser frequency standard, based on the use of supernarrow resonances with a relative width of 10−11 and smaller as the reference, is studied. The currently used techniques for stabilizing the frequency of lasers for different ranges and the methods used for measuring the characteristics of the frequency stability are described. Specific achievements in the development of lasers with a narrow radiation line and high long-term frequency stability and reproducibility are presented. Special attention is devoted to the He–Ne laser. For this laser a radiation line width of less than 0.1 Hz and a long-term stability of 10−14–10−15 have been obtained, and the effect of different factors on the shifts of the stabilized frequency are studied in detail. Results achieved in the development of the first optical clocks in the world are presented. The progress achieved in the absolute measurement of submillimeter, IR, and visible range laser frequencies is examined. Some applications of laser frequency standards and the prospects for their further development are described briefly.
Motion performance analysis of wheeled in-pipe robots based on ABAQUS (2013)

Wheeled in-pipe robots have been widely used in pipelines inspection and exploring because of simple structure, steady performance and consuming less energy. However when wheeled mobile robots run in muddy in-pipe environment they often can't be control to move accurately and continuously mainly because the ground cannot provide adequate adhesion. In order to improve the movement performance of the robot in this environment we establish a model based on terramechanics. With this model further research including motion performance of wheeled in-pipe robots has been conducted in muddy in-pipe environment in this paper. The model of wheel-terrain interaction is established with the finite element software ABAQUS. With this model we analyze what and how the factors which affect the adhesion. The actual experimental results show the model and simulated analysis is useful and helpful to mechanical design and control strategy design for wheeled in-pipe robots.
Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: A History of Christianity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. By Kenneth Scott Latourette. (Exeter: Paternoster Press. 1970. 5 vols. xiv, 498, x, 532; viii, 527; viii, 568; viii, 568 pp. £7.50.) (1972)

"Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: A History of Christianity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. By Kenneth Scott Latourette. (Exeter: Paternoster Press. 1970. 5 vols. xiv, 498, x, 532; viii, 527; viii, 568; viii, 568 pp. £7.50.)" published on 13 Aug 1972 by Brill.
Localization of Calcium-binding Proteins in Physiologically and Morphologically Characterized Interneurons of Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (2004)

In the primate neocortex, little is known about the possible associations between functional subclasses of GABA neurons, their morphological properties and calcium-binding protein (CaBP) content. We used whole-cell current clamp recordings, combined with intracellular labeling and fluorescence immunohistochemistry, to determine these relationships for interneurons in layers 2-3 of monkey prefrontal cortex (PFC). Eighty-one interneurons were included in the analysis. Thirty-eight of these cells showed immunoreactivity for one of the three CaBPs tested. Co-localization of more than one CaBP was not observed in any of the interneurons examined. Interneurons with different CaBPs formed distinct populations with specific physiological membrane properties and morphological features. Parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells had the physiological properties characteristic of fast-spiking interneurons (FS) and the morphology of basket or chandelier neurons. Most calretinin (CR)-containing cells had the physiological properties ascribed to non-fast-spiking cells (non-FS) and a vertically oriented axonal morphology, similar to that of double bouquet cells. Calbindin (CB)-positive interneurons also had non-FS properties and included cells with double bouquet morphology or with a characteristic dense web of axonal collaterals in layer 1. Classification of the interneurons based on cluster analysis of multiple electrophysiological properties suggested the existence of at least two distinct groups of interneurons. The first group contained mainly PV-positive FS cells and the second group consisted predominantly of CR- and CB-positive non-FS interneurons. These findings may help to illuminate the functional roles of different groups of interneurons in primate PFC circuitry.
New Applications of Malononitrile in Organic Chemistry - Part I (1978)

Recent applications of malononitrile in organic chemistry are reviewed; an overview of the chemistry of substituted malononitriles is also included. New trends, mechanisms and synthetic methods employing malononitriles are discussed. Among other topics, this survey includes new information on malononitrile dimers and trimers, new Knoevenagel and Michael condensation reactions, reactions with cyclic polyketones, quinones, sulfur and organometallic compounds, and the synthesis of new heterocycles, pesticides, charge-transfer complexes, and solvatochromic dyes. 1. Introduction 2. Scope of the Review 3. Methods of Preparation 4. Toxicity and Handling 5. Physical Properties 6. Spectral Properties 7. Chemical Reactivity 8. Analysis 9. Dimerization 10. Trimerization 11. The Knoevenagel and Related Reactions 12. Syntheses via the Michael Reaction 13. Reaction of Cyclic Polyketones with Malononitrile 14. Reaction of Quinones with Malononitrile 15. Quinodimethanes 16. Pyrans, Thiapyrans, and Pyrylium and Thiapyrylium Salts 17. Reactions of Tropones, Tropolones, and Tropylium Salts with Malononitrile 18. Reaction of Cyclooctatrienone with Malononitrile 19. Miscellaneous Applications 20. Industrial Applications 21. Addenda
Bootstrapped migration for Linux OS (2011)

Modern virtualization technologies have a powerful ability to move a virtual machine (VM) from one physical machine to another, which enables unprecedented flexibility for system fault tolerance and load balancing. However, for physical machines there is no similar capability. This paper describes the detailed design of migrating a physical machine's state from one physical Linux machine to another. This BOotstrapped Migration for Linux OS (BOMLO) capability avoids scheduled shut-down for the maintenance of non-virtualized physical machine and therefore greatly decreases the service disruption time. BOMLO is more challenging than VM migration because there is no separate piece of software to perform the state migration, e.g., the hypervisor in the case of VM migration. In this paper, we adapted the Linux's hibernation facility to develop 3 schemes for BOMLO: swap disk-based, memory-to-memory, and iterative memory-to-memory migration.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenol in Natural Waters by Trichloromethane Extraction Method after Steam Distillation (2015)

The concentrations of phenol in natural waters were determined so as to ascertain water quality as water intended for human consumption. Total phenols were determined by molecular spectrophotometry, after steam distillation, complexation with 4 - aminoantipyrene and extraction into trichloromethane . The dynamic range was 0 - 300 mg/L. Experiments were carried out in the Central Science Laboratory Complex, Taraba State University - Jalingo Nigeria. The research work was completed in 4 months. The experimental method was applied in the analysis of environmental samples (river water and groundwater) collected within Jalingo metropolis of Taraba State, N orth Eastern Nigeria. Significant amount of phenols were found in the in the natural water samples with a range of 0.2891 - 0.3952 mg/L. The results indicated high pollution of phenol as the values exceeded the tolerance level of 0.0005 mg/L and maximum co ntaminant level of 0.005 mg/L for
New Developments in Aluminum Welding (1966)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A critical review of aluminum welding was made to determine the kinds of internal defects which lower the strength and reliability of welds. The principal kinds of defects were found to be porosity and metallurgical changes in the heat affected zone.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Basic investigations have isolated single parameters and combinations of parameters which have statistical significance as causes of porosity. Improper time-temperature cycles are the cause of detrimental metallurgical changes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Knowledge of the parameters, combinations of parameters, and time-temperature cycles can be used to produce significant improvement in the reliability of aluminum weldments</div>
Cryptographic security Techniques for wireless networks (1999)

This paper deals with security techniques for wireless Networks. The work presented is based on a review of literature regarding current and future wireless security networks systems. The aspects discussed in this paper included the choices of cryptographic algorithms such as protocols for key management and authentication. Various conclusions are drawn from existing security networks and proposed in new wireless ATM network security. Also a proposal for future research into security techniques for wireless ATM networks included.
A <i>che</i>‐like signal transduction cascade involved in controlling flagella biosynthesis in <i>Rhodospirillum centenum</i> (2005)

Rhodospirillum centenum is a photosynthetic bacterium capable of undergoing swim cell to swarm cell differentiation that allows this species to be motile on both liquid and solid media. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the che1 operon is required for the control of chemotactic and phototactic behaviour of both swim and swarm cells. In this report, we analyse the function of a second che-like gene cluster in R. centenum, the che2 gene cluster. In-frame deletion mutants of cheW2, cheB2, cheR2, cheY2, and of the entire che2 operon, exhibit defects in swim and swarm cell motility. Analysis of these strains demonstrates that they are non-motile, and that the non-motile phenotype is resulting from reduced polar and lateral flagella synthesis. Additionally, mutations in mcp2, ORF204, cheA2 and ORF74 remain chemotacticly and phototacticly competent at both high and low growth temperatures. Mutations in these che2 genes result in elevated levels of flagellin proteins giving rise to a hyperflagellate phenotype. We propose a model in which R. centenum utilizes a che-like signal transduction pathway (che2) for regulating flagellum synthesis in order to optimize swim cell-swarm cell differentiation in response to changing environmental conditions.
A new double right border binary vector for producing marker-free transgenic plants (2013)

The results suggest that the DRB system developed here is a practical and effective approach for separation of gene(s) of interest from a SMG and production of SMG-free plants. Therefore this system could be instrumental in production of "clean" plants containing genes of agronomic importance.
Performance analysis of carbon nanotube interconnects for VLSI applications (2005)

The work in this paper analyses the applicability of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles as interconnects for VLSI circuits, while taking into account the practical limitations in this technology. A model is developed to calculate equivalent circuit parameters for a CNT-bundle interconnect based on interconnect geometry. Using this model, the performance of CNT-bundle interconnects (at local, intermediate and global levels) is compared to copper wires of the future. It is shown that CNT bundles can outperform copper for long intermediate and global interconnects, and can be engineered to compete with copper for local level interconnects. The technological requirements necessary to make CNT bundles viable as future interconnects are also laid out.
Ammonia removal capacity of European natural zeolite tuffs: application to aquaculture waste water (1994)

Abstract. The possibility of improving aquaculture water quality using different kinds of zeolites is discussed. Zeolites are aluminosilicates, whose framework structure allows them to exchange cations. Cations have differing affinities for different structures, and in particular ammonia has a great affinity for phillipsite and clinoptilolite structures. These zeolites are already used for ammonia removal from municipal piggery, and aquacultural wastes. In the present paper, ammonia removal from aquacultural water from recirculating systems has been tested, comparing different zeolites under laboratory conditions. Phillipsite and clinoptilolite tuffs were effective in ammonia removal, while chabazitc tuff having a lower content of zeolitic material (50%) and lower affinity for ammonia showed that a lower temperature did not influence ion exchange capacity in any of the zeolites.
Dopamine transporter: Basic aspects and neuroimaging (2003)

The plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is found exclusively in dopamine neurones and seems to be the defining molecule of the dopamine neurone. It provides effective control over the intensity of dopamine-mediated signalling by recapturing the neurotransmitter released by presynaptic neurones. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) represent unique techniques for assessing in vivo DAT distribution in humans and offer reliable methods for studying nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in health and disease. The characteristics of different DAT radiotracers, the modifying influences of factors such as age, gender, smoking habit, and dopaminergic drugs on DAT transporters as well as their implication in evaluation of neuroimaging studies are discussed.
Large-scale project management is risk management (1996)

Because large-scale software projects increasingly affect the public good, the "normal science" paradigm is proving insufficient to model their complexity and potential consequences. The "postnormal science" paradigm offers a better fit, using a robust management approach predicated on a risk-taking ethic.
Synthesis and characterization of kraft lignin-based epoxy resins (2011)

Epoxidization is an interesting way to develop a new application of lignin and therefore to improve its application potential. In this work, kraft lignin-based epoxy resins were obtained by the epoxidization reaction, using the kraft lignin recovered directly from pulping liquor and modified by a methylolation reaction. The methylolated lignins were obtained by the reaction of original kraft lignin with formaldehyde and glyoxal, which is a less volatile and less toxic aldehyde. 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed that methylolated kraft lignin has more hydroxymethyl groups than glyoxalated kraft lignin. For the epoxidization reaction we studied the influence of the lignin:NaOH (w/w) ratio, temperature, and time of the reaction on the properties of the prepared epoxidized lignins. The structures of lignin-based epoxy resins were followed by epoxy index test and FTIR spectroscopy. Optimal conditions were obtained for lignin-based epoxy resin produced at lignin/NaOH = 1/3 at 70 ºC for 3h. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) revealed that the epoxidization enhances the thermal stability of lignins and may allow a wider temperature range for applications with lignin epoxy-PF blends.
Fats and Oils (2003)

Numerous nutritional findings and extensive evidence on the health benefits of diet and exercise have emerged since the publication of the successful first edition. Recent concerns about trans isomers acting like saturated fatty acids have encouraged formulation changes that require fats and oils processors to revise their preparation techniques. U
Papillomavirus Infections in Human Pathology (2000)

Historical Overview of Papillomavirus Research. Molecular Biology of Papillomavirus. Pathogenesis of HPV Infections. Diagnostic Techniques in HPV Detection. Epidemiology of Genital HPV Infections, CIN and Cervical Cancer. Natural History of Cervical HPV Infections and CIN. Early Detection of CIN and HPV: Prevention of Cervical Cancer. HPV and Cervical Adenocarcinoma. HPV Infections of the Vulva. HPV Infections of the Vagina. Genital HPV Infections in the Male. HPV Infections in the Urinary Tract. HPV Infections of the Anus. HPV Infections of the Skin. HPV Infections in Children. HPV Infections of the Respiratory Tract. HPV Infections of the Oral Mucosa. HPV Infections of the Oesophagus. HPV and Squamous Cell Tumours of the Ocular Surface Epithelium. HPV Infections in Other Sites and Lesions. Immunology of HPV Infections and Prospects for Vaccination. References. Index.
A near-capacity MIMO-BICM scheme for digita terrestrial television broadcasting (2015)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is one of the key technologies for the next generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB). This paper proposes a near-capacity MIMO bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) scheme for DTTB systems. The amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) constellation with Gray mapping is applied to the BICM scheme. From the perspective of average mutual information, APSK has the advantage of shaping gain compared to its quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) counterpart. Moreover, a new kind of bit interleaver named bit mapping, which takes into account the unequal error protection of both APSK and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, is proposed to further improve the system performance. The tool of extrinsic information transfer chart is utilized to help analyze and design the optimal bit mapping. Bit error rate simulations are carried out to verify the superiority of the proposed MIMO system.
A Simulation Study Of Hybrid Ssp/Ip Architecture In The Advanced Intelligent Network (1996)

The authors present the results of simulation studies of a parallel architecture proposed for a hybrid service control point and intelligent peripheral in the Advanced Intelligent Network. The service control point and intelligent peripheral provide call-processing services and must be capable of providing a high transaction throughput with low overhead. We describe the evolution of the advanced intelligent network and show how our proposed hybrid service control point/intelligent peripheral can significantly reduce post-dial delay. Our architecture studies focus on a new class of telecommunications services referred to as personal communications services. These services are expected to be widely available and will place enormous burdens on the telephone network. Simulation studies indicate that our proposed architecture offers high transaction throughput with low delay variance and actively supports the development of new telecommunications services.