gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calf health from birth to weaning. III. housing and management of calf pneumonia (2011)

Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. A three part review series has been developed focusing on calf health from birth to weaning. In this paper, the last of the three part series, we review disease prevention and management with particular reference to pneumonia, focusing primarily on the pre-weaned calf. Pneumonia in recently weaned suckler calves is also considered, where the key risk factors are related to the time of weaning. Weaning of the suckler calf is often combined with additional stressors including a change in nutrition, environmental change, transport and painful husbandry procedures (castration, dehorning). The reduction of the cumulative effects of these multiple stressors around the time of weaning together with vaccination programmes (preconditioning) can reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality in the feedlot. In most studies, calves housed individually and calves housed outdoors with shelter, are associated with decreased risk of disease. Even though it poses greater management challenges, successful group housing of calves is possible. Special emphasis should be given to equal age groups and to keeping groups stable once they are formed. The management of pneumonia in calves is reliant on a sound understanding of aetiology, relevant risk factors, and of effective approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Early signs of pneumonia include increased respiratory rate and fever, followed by depression. The single most important factor determining the success of therapy in calves with pneumonia is early onset of treatment, and subsequent adequate duration of treatment. The efficacy and economical viability of vaccination against respiratory disease in calves remains unclear.
Deep Speaker Feature Learning for Text-independent Speaker Verification (2017)

Recently deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to learn speaker features. However, the quality of the learned features is not sufficiently good, so a complex back-end model, either neural or probabilistic, has to be used to address the residual uncertainty when applied to speaker verification, just as with raw features. This paper presents a convolutional time-delay deep neural network structure (CT-DNN) for speaker feature learning. Our experimental results on the Fisher database demonstrated that this CT-DNN can produce high-quality speaker features: even with a single feature (0.3 seconds including the context), the EER can be as low as 7.68%. This effectively confirmed that the speaker trait is largely a deterministic short-time property rather than a long-time distributional pattern, and therefore can be extracted from just dozens of frames.
Optimization Methods for Computer-Aided Design (1969)

This paper surveys record automatic optimization methods which either have found or should find useful application in the optimal design of microwave networks by digital computer. Emphasis is given to formulations and methods which can be implemented in situations when the classical synthesis approach (analytic or numerical) is inappropriate. Objectives for network optimization are formulated including minimax and least pth. Detailed consideration is given to methods of dealing with parameter and response constraints by means of transformations or penalties. In particular, the formulation of problems in terms of inequality constraints and their solution by sequential unconstrained minimization is discussed. Several one-dimensional and multidimensional minimization strategies are summarized in a tutorial manner. Included are Fibonacci and Golden Section search, interpolation methods, pattern search, Rosenbrock's method, Powell's method, simplex methods, and the Newton-Raphson, Fletcher-Powell, and least squares methods. Relevant examples of interest to microwave circuit designers illustrating the application of computer-aided optimization techniques are presented. The paper also includes a classified list of references.
Leak Detection in a Pipeline Using Modified Line Volume Balance and Sequential Probability Tests (2009)

The use of statistical tools to improve the decision process within leak detection is becoming a common practice in the area of computer pipeline monitoring. Among these tools, the sequential probability ratio test is one of the most named techniques used by commercial leak detection systems (Zhang and Di Mauro, 1998, “Implementing a Reliable Leak Detection System on a Crude Oil Pipeline,” Advances in Pipeline Technology, Dubai, UAE). This decision mechanism is based on the comparison of the estimated probabilities of leak or no leak observed from the pipeline data. This paper proposes a leak detection system that uses a simplified statistical model for the pipeline operation, allowing a simple implementation in the pipeline control system (Di Blasi, M., 2004, “Detección y localización de fugas en sistemas de transporte de fluidos incompresibles,” MS thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina). Applying real-time recursive linear regression to volume balance and average pipeline pressure signals, a statistically corrected volume balance signal with reduced variance is derived. Its average value is zero during normal operation whereas it equals the leak flow under a leak condition. Based on the corrected volume balance, differently configured sequential probability ratio tests are presented to extend the dynamic range of detectable leak flow. Simplified mathematical expressions are obtained for several system performance indices, such as spilled volume until detection, time to leak detection, minimum leak flow detected, etc. Theoretical results are compared with leak simulations on a real oil pipeline. A description of the system tested over a 500 km oil pipeline is included, showing some real data results.
Screen Filtration Pressure and Quantity of Microaggregates: (1979)

In 22 units of stored canine blood, the relationships between screen filtration pressure and number and volumes of microaggregates were studied. No correlations were found. As high screen filtration pressure in transfused blood has been associated with organ dysfunction, its measurement may have some clinical merit.
Microwave electron spin resonance spectrometer with operation to 54 mK in a dilution refrigerator (1981)

A 9.5-GHz electron spin resonance ESR spectrometer which operates in conjuction with a helium dilution refrigerator down to 54 mK is described. Instead of the conventional waveguide and cavity arrangement, coaxial and superconducting twisted pair transmission lines are used to bring the microwave power into the mixing chamber, where a tiny coil surrounds the sample. This low Q, high-filling factor configuration has a sensitivity about the same as that of a conventional high Q cavity with a small filling factor. Several suggestions for further development and improvement are presented.
The complex-forming behaviour of tin, germanium, and titanium with some dibasic carboxylic acids (1954)

G. Mattock, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 989 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540000989
Desiccation Tolerance of Muellerius CF. Capillaris (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) First-Stage Larvae (1998)

Muellerius cf. capillaris is the most common lung worm of wild Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana) in the northern Negev desert, Israel. The capacity of the free-living stages (L1) of the parasite to survive extreme desiccation was tested under 2 different dehydration regimes at 23 C: rapid dehydration through direct exposure to 0% relative humidity (RH), and a slow dehydration regime of preconditioning at 33% RH for 7 days prior to exposure to 0% RH for a further 21 days. In direct exposures to 0% and 33% RH, by day 11 survival rates of L1 were significantly higher than when stored in water and in 97% RH (P < 0.05). The slow dehydration regime enhanced the survival of L1 up to 10-fold by day 28 as compared with direct exposure to 0% RH. The same mean numbers of larvae were recovered from the land snail Theba pisana infected with L1 exposed for 21 days at 33% RH and from T. pisana infected with nondesiccated L1 (P > 0.1). L1 surviving after 21 days of desiccation at 0% RH were, on the other hand, less infective to T. pisana. The percentage of such postdesiccated L1 reaching infective stage (L3) was, however, the same as that of the control group. The ability of M. cf. capillaris L1 to survive anhydrobiosis and retain infectivity to land snails after extreme desiccation enables their coexistence with the Nubian ibex in desert habitat.
I&EC DIVISION NEWSLETTER (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTI&EC DIVISION NEWSLETTERRobert BeckmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1966, 58, 8, 15–17Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50680a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50680a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Double quantum wire GaAs/AlGaAs diode lasers grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition on grooved substrates (1990)

Structure and lasing characteristics of double-quantum-wire lasers are reported. Threshold current as low as 2.4 mA and continuous wave operation at room temperature were achieved for lasers with uncoated facets. Subbands due to lateral quantum confinement were observed in the laser spectra. Good agreement between measured dependence of threshold current on cavity length and a simple model accounting for gain saturation was found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theory of induction sonde in dipping beds (1986)

Abstract The analysis necessary for the computation of the response of an induction sonde in dipping beds is developed. The boundary-value problem solved is for a bed of uniform thickness surrounded by two infinitely thick shoulder beds. The source is a magnetic dipole oriented in an arbitrary direction and located in any of the three media. The resulting electromagnetic fields in all three media are obtained. From these fields, induction logs are calculated for a focused induction sonde (6FF40) passing through a dipping bed. Under the assumptions of negligible borehole effect and no invasion, the analysis is also used to obtain correction charts for dipping beds.
EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF EARLY AGE CONCRETE (IN ENGLISH) (1967)

THE FROST RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE IS DETERMINED AT THE TIME THAT A COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 50 KGF/SQ. CM HAS BEEN REACHED. THE TEST IS CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO THE ASTM TEST C 290. THIS TEST GIVES A QUICK JUDGEMENT OF THE EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE. /RRL/LCPC/A/
Ghana during the First World War: The Colonial Administration of Sir Hugh Clifford (2014)

Ghana during the First World War: The Colonial Administration of Sir Hugh Clifford. By Elizabeth Wrangham. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Pp. xxvii, 310; appendices, footnotes, bibliography. $50.00 paper.Through a comprehensive scouring of the Colonial Office records relating to the Gold Coast 1912-1919, Elizabeth Wrangham, Senior Research Fellow of Roehampton University, has produced a meticulously documented and interesting new history of the Hugh Clifford colonial governorship of Ghana. Wrangham's overarching argument is that Clifford had noble intentions for development of the colony when he arrived in late 1912, but that these admirable plans were thwarted by the strictures of the war: no money, shrinking personnel, and lack of essential imports (railroad stock, building materials, fuel). She maintains that Clifford's blueprint for development was sound and he has not received sufficient credit for his vision, which was instead operationalized by his successor, the disappointingly middle-class, albeit blessed with better timing, Governor Guggisberg, who has received much more (Wrangham implies undeserved) recognition from historians. The book is clearly and systematically organized with three chapters on Ghana's prewar situation and Clifford's initial goals as governor, six chapters on the war years, and a post- war conclusion. The war chapters are thematically focused on shipping, the economy, revenue and finance, social welfare, and governance issues.Several themes emerge early and are reiterated throughout the book. The British administration was thin: limited numbers of personnel in political administration, medical service, military and police officers, and government inspection. The numbers of colonial officials, incredibly small for the size of the colony and territories, were reduced by another third during the war. This is not new information about British colonial rule, but Wrangham provides detailed evidence year after year to leave no doubt. A meager administration however was sustainable, according to Wrangham, because Ghanaians were prospering economically. She depicts a colony whose economy was expanding rapidly from global trade, arguing that while Ghanaians had become overly dependent on a single export (cocoa) and simultaneously imported goods (food, soap, fuels, tools), they were reaping an increased standard of living. Such was clearly the view of the colonial government at the time also, but one does wonder if the economic welfare of a whole country is best defined solely by success in external trade, and Wrangham makes only minimal effort to explore internal exchange.The book implicitly engages a wider argument about colonialism. Wrangham argues that export-import profits, despite periodic constriction due to the wartime vagaries of ocean shipping (submarine warfare) facilitated Ghanaian acquiescence and even positive support of the British during the war. …
Protocol of a Seamless Recombination with Specific Selection Cassette in PCR-Based Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2012)

Genetic mutation has made great contributions to determining protein structure and function, viral pathogenesis, biological engineering, and vaccine development In order to alter genetic information, gene mutation (also called mutagenesis) can be achieved by many different methods. The process of mutagenesis can occur naturally, as the root of evolution; by mutagens, such as chemicals or radiation; and experimentally, by laboratory techniques Current experimental mutagenesis methods can be generally classified into random and directed mutation.
Review: Master Builders of Byzantium by Robert Ousterhout (2001)

Book Review| March 01 2001 Review: Master Builders of Byzantium by Robert Ousterhout Master Builders of ByzantiumRobert Ousterhout Thomas F. Mathews Thomas F. Mathews Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2001) 60 (1): 86–87. https://doi.org/10.2307/991683 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Thomas F. Mathews; Review: Master Builders of Byzantium by Robert Ousterhout. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 March 2001; 60 (1): 86–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/991683 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 2001 The Society of Architectural Historians Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Stable palladium alloys for diffusion of hydrogen (1973)

Literature search on hydrogen absorption effect on palladium alloys revealed existence of alloy compositions in which alpha--beta transition does not take place. Survey conclusions: 40 percent gold alloy of palladium should be used in place of palladium; alloy must be free of interstitial impurities; and metallic surfaces of tube must be clean.
60-GHz Retrodirective Array System with Efficient Power Management (2006)

In this paper, a 60-GHz retrodirective array system is proposed with an efficient power management. The system consists of three sections; a retrodirective array, a local oscillator (LO), and a power management. For efficient battery operation of the retrodirective array, the power management circuit controls the power of the LO by way of a rectenna technology. While there is no interrogating signal, it is initially in a sleeping mode where the system is off with extremely low power. When it is interrogated by an RF signal, the system is awaken and starts consuming full power. The proposed idea is experimentally demonstrated. When the received power density is larger than 0.013 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the system turns on and starts working as a retrodirective array
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System at 7T (2019)

In 2017, a whole-body 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device was given regulatory approval for clinical use in both the EU and United States for neuro and musculoskeletal applications. As 7 Tesla allows for higher signal-to-noise , which results in higher resolution images than those obtained on lower-field-strength scanners, it has attracted considerable attention from the musculoskeletal field, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications in the last decade. Besides morphological imaging, the quantitative MR methods, such as T2, T2*, T1ρ mapping, sodium imaging, chemical-exchange saturation transfer, and spectroscopy, substantially benefit from ultrahigh field scanning. In this review, we provide technical considerations for the individual techniques and an overview of (mostly) clinical applications for the assessment of cartilage, tendon, meniscus, and muscle. The first part of the review is dedicated to morphological applications at 7T, and the second part describes the most recent developments in quantitative MRI at 7T.
Batch verifying multiple RSA digital signatures (1998)

A digital signature is analogous to an ordinary hand-written signature used in signing messages. RSA digital signatures have been adopted by Visa and Mastercard in the secure electronic transactions (SET) standard for providing security of electronic transfers of credit and payment information over the internet. In SET, signatures are used to provide certificates for public keys and to authenticate messages. The authors propose an efficient method of verifying RSA digital signatures. Instead of verifying one signature at a time, it is proposed to batch verify RSA signatures simultaneously. This approach maintains the same computational load as verifying a single signature. Thus, a significant reduction in signature verification time can be achieved.
Fast approach for H.264 inter mode decision (2004)

A fast inter mode decision approach for H.264 coding standard is presented. The objective is to reduce the number of candidate block types in motion estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently save the computation cost for inter mode decision while maintaining the same PSNR and bit rate.
A clinical prognostic scoring system for resectable gastric cancer to predict survival and benefit from paclitaxel- or oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (2016)

A clinical three-tier prognostic risk scoring system was established to predict OS of GC treated with D2 gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The potential advantage of this scoring system is that it can identify high-risk patients in Stage II or III who may benefit from paclitaxel- or oxaliplatin-based regimens. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results before they are applied clinically.
On segmentation of lung parenchyma in quantitative computed tomography of the lung (1998)

Our purpose in this study was to investigate the influence of segmentation threshold and number of erosions on parameters used in quantitative computed tomography (CT) of the lung (erosions are shrink operations on the segmented area). Parameters assessed were mean lung density, area of the segmented lung, two percentiles, and the pixel index, which is the relative area of the histogram below -905 Hounsfield Units (HU). We analyzed images of ten emphysematous and ten nonemphysematous patients, that had been scanned at carina level in inspiration and expiration, using sections of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 mm in combination with a standard, a smooth, and an ultrasmooth reconstruction kernel. The lungs were segmented using pixel tracing at thresholds of -200, -400, and -600 HU with 0-4 erosions, followed by histogram analysis. The area of the segmented lungs decreased with 0.9%-3.2% per 100 HU decrease in threshold and with 2.2%-3.1% per erosion, dependent on patient group and respiratory status. Estimated mean lung density changed up to 30% by changing the threshold and the number of erosions. The pixel index and the 10th percentile depended only slightly on threshold and number of erosions, but the 90th percentile showed a strong dependence of up to 40%. It is concluded that the segmentation protocol can have a large impact on densitometric parameters and that standardization is mandatory for obtaining comparable results. Ideally a threshold equal to the average of the densities of lung and soft tissue should be used, but -400 HU will do in a limited but common density range (-910 to -790 HU). For densitometry two erosions are recommended, for volumetry zero erosions should be used.
High performance planar lightwave circuit devices for large capacity transmission (2011)

Both high-density multiplexing and high-speed transmission are required for large capacity networks supporting broadband service penetration. Silica waveguide optical circuit technology can provide key optical devices for such systems because it has high controllability as regards optical amplitude and sufficient phase for realizing sophisticated optical interferometric circuits. This paper reviews recent progress on this technology, and reports experimental results for an ultra wideband AWG, an optical OFDM filter, a demodulator for a coherent receiver and a highly functional modulator.