gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscosity Behavior of Liquid Crystals (1981)

Abstract The literature on the viscosity behavior of liquid crystals is reviewed with emphasis on the experimental results. These results are discussed in terms of the mesophase structure. Discussion of polymeric liquid crystals has been excluded since they have recently been reviewed.
Molecular typing of Mycobacterium leprae strains from northern India using short tandem repeats. (2011)

This study led to identification of STRs eliciting polymorphism in north Indian strains of M. leprae. The data suggest that these STRs can be used to study the sources and transmission chain in leprosy, which could be very important in monitoring of the disease dynamics in high endemic foci.
Indacaterol Inhibits Tumor Cell Invasiveness and MMP-9 Expression by Suppressing IKK/NF-κB Activation (2014)

The β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is a G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor expressed in the human respiratory tract and widely recognized as a pharmacological target for treatments of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although a number of ADRB2 agonists have been developed for use in asthma therapy, indacaterol is the only ultra-long-acting inhaled β2-agonist (LABA) approved by the FDA for relieving the symptoms in COPD patients. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effect of indacaterol, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that β-arrestin-2 mediates the internalization of ADRB2 following indacaterol treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that indacaterol significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activity by reducing levels of both phosphorylated-IKK and -IκBα, thereby decreasing NF-κB nuclear translocation and the expression of MMP-9, an NF-κB target gene. Subsequently, we show that indacaterol significantly inhibits TNF-α/NF-κB-induced cell invasiveness and migration in a human cancer cell line. In conclusion, we propose that indacaterol may inhibit NF-κB activity in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner, preventing further lung damage and improving lung function in COPD patients.
Improving the ruggedness of silicon pore optics (2010)

In this paper we present the latest developments on the ruggedisation of the Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) mirror modules. SPO is one of the candidate technologies for producing the X-ray optics for the future space based Xray telescope, the International X-ray Observatory (IXO). To produce SPO mirror modules, Si mirrors are first bonded together using direct Si bonding to form a stack. These stacks are the glued into brackets, which then connect to the supporting optical bench by invar pins. The combination of brackets and invar pins now forms a full isostatic mount, and is rugged enough to allow the mirror module to survive the high loads of a launch. The mounting system furthermore allows for a certain level of manufacturing tolerances for the support structure, and ensures interchangeability of the mirror modules within one single ring of the optical bench. To prove this, a test interface has been designed and manufactured, on which a single, full fledged mirror module will be mounted to be exposed to environmental tests.
NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> species, not by-products of the purification of air, with high temperature combustion devices for biological studies (1981)

The production of oxides of nitrogen can occur with high temperature combustion devices operated in the presence of molecular oxygen and nitrogen. However, such was not the case under the conditions used for the purification of air for biological studies. After analysis of air for total NO and NO 2 , we found that the passage of air through catalysts at 650 °C did not increase the amount of NO x in the air stream.
INVESTIGATION OF A STOCHASTIC DISAGGREGATION MODEL (2000)

Dynamic coupling of a microscopic (or mesoscopic) highway traffic simulator to boundary conditions known only at an aggregated level requires generation of individual vehicle data, a process referred to as disaggregation. In order for a true dynamic coupling to take place, this individual vehicle data obviously cannot be purely synthetic, but must faithfully reproduce the information in the macroscopic data. Ideally, the statistical distributions of gaps and times to collision (TTC) as well as velocity correlations and fluctuation levels of the synthetic time series data generated by the disaggregator should also correspond to those of real data. Incorrect distributions couldd cause errors in the representation of microscopic phenomena depending on these distributions such as merging and passing. This paper reports on a stochastic disaggregator that combines aggregated (macroscopic) data with historical information to produce individual vehicle data. This disaggregated data is available directly at the interface to a microscopic (or mesoscopic) traffic simulator in the form of appropriate time series. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.
3D Reservoir Characterization and Well Placement in Complex Scenarios Using LWD Directional EM Measurements (2009)

This paper presents a new highly efficient three-dimensional (3D) EM modeling library for 3D reservoir characterization workflows using LWD directional resistivity measurements. The parallelized library is part of a high-performance computing environment, fully integrated with reservoir models. The library includes finite-difference two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5D) and 3D frequency domain solvers, a 3D static solver and a general purpose 3D finite-element solver, each targeting a different application. It can be used in pre-job planning to allow a better understanding of measurements, assisting in geosteering in complex scenarios and for detailed post-job analysis for improved reservoir characterization in high-angle and horizontal wells. We present sensitivity analyses of directional LWD EM measurements in complex scenarios including: nearby boundaries and faults; crossbedding; and invasion shape and size. Multiple effects can cause inconsistencies in model-based real-time interpretation and may affect accuracy of inversion results, such as distance to boundaries and formation resistivities. We show examples of subseismic fault identification during drilling and interpretation is refined based on 2.5D modeling. Directional EM responses are reconstructed by manually adjusting fault and layering dips and formation resistivities. We also present an example from a deepwater turbidite reservoir to demonstrate the use of 3D modeling. We jointly interpret LWD directional EM data with laterolog LWD measurements and images to estimate the fault azimuth and to refine the model built in real-time, reducing the uncertainty in structure interpretation.
Bacterial Translocation and Its Relationship to Visceral Blood Flow, Gut Mucosal Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity, and DNA in Pigs (1991)

The relationship of bacterial translocation to gut blood flow and mucosal integrity was studied in pigs. Three groups of miniature pigs were studied: sham injured (controls) (n = 7), 50% mechanical reduction in blood flow to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac artery (CA) (n = 6), and a 40% third-degree cutaneous flame burn (n = 9). Forty-eight hours after injury, animals were killed and organ samples obtained for analysis. Bacteria of the same biotype as that found in the intestinal lumen were present in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of 9 of 9 burned pigs and 5 of 6 pigs undergoing partial vascular occlusion. The DNA content and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were increased in the colon mucosa of animals from both the reduced-flow and burn-injured groups compared with control animals. Decreased blood flow to the gut may contribute to the development of bacterial translocation. In addition, intestinal regenerative capacity remains intact 48 hours after injury.
Infestation Rates and Biological Observations After Harvest of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Stored In-Shell Walnuts (1993)

Infestation rates of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in commercially produced walnuts were determined over a 3-yr period. Infestation rate averaged 0.245 (0.11-0.46) codling moth per kilogram of walnuts. Only the larval stage (fourth [4%] or fifth instars [96%] was found infesting walnuts at harvest, indicating the potential for diapausing codling moth larvae to occur in stored walnuts. In laboratory tests in which dehydrated walnuts were infested with nondiapausing larvae, <1% of first, second, or third instars completed development to adult. Significant survival was observed for fourth and fifth instars. Laboratory trials with diapausing larvae in walnuts stored for 30, 60, or 90 d showed that survival was reduced to an average of only 35%. Tests designed to simulate very high levels of infestation of nondiapausing fifth instars inside bags of walnuts showed that 99% of the larvae remained inside the bag and pupated inside or among the walnuts. Most of these larvae survived to adult, but only 18% of the female moths successfully mated. In further laboratory investigations in which we controlled distances of separation between male and female moths in walnut masses, mating was reduced to 9 or 3% when single pairs of moths were separated by only 0.17 or 0.33 m, respectively. No mating occurred when moths were separated by distances of ≥0.67m. We discuss implications of these data in relationship to biological approaches to quarantine treatments for codling moth in in-shell walnuts.
Energy and interference aware cooperative routing in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (2014)

This paper investigates energy and interference aware Cooperative Routing algorithms in Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Networks. Two routing algorithms have been proposed. In Algorithm I, we propose to minimize transmission power based on the rate required, and investigate the total transmission power consumption of the shortest path from source to destination whereby each link on the path is given the option of selecting a relay to further reduce transmission power. In Algorithm II, we consider Primary User (PU) receiver protection by reducing the fractional overlap area of each secondary node with the primary coverage area, and use the average interference probability to optimize route choice again allowing a cooperative relay to be chosen for each link on each possible path. Simulation results show that the proposed Algorithm I can achieve a transmission power saving of up to 30%, while Algorithm II can reduce interference probability for PU receivers by up to 6%.
Ethyl 2-benzyl-2-nitro-3-phenylpropanoate (2000)

The title compound, C18H19NO4, is the key synthetic intermediate in the preparation of α,α-di­benzyl-α-amino acid (di­benzyl­glycine, Dbg), the disubstituted homologue of phenyl­alanine, following the di­alkyl­ation of ethyl nitro­acetate. The mol­ecule does not have its potential mirror symmetry in the crystal, with the two benzyl groups forming N—C—C—C torsion angles of 60.31 (13) and 79.89 (13)°.
Reduced Azole Susceptibility in Genotype 3 <i>Candida dubliniensis</i> Isolates Associated with Increased Cd <i>CDR1</i> and Cd <i>CDR2</i> Expression (2005)

Candida dubliniensis is a recently identified yeast species primarily associated with oral carriage and infection in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The species can be divided into at least four genotypes on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA operon. Previous studies have shown that a small number of clinical isolates belonging to genotype 1 are resistant to the commonly used antifungal drug fluconazole. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for reduced susceptibility to azole drugs in C. dubliniensis genotype 3 isolates obtained from a patient with fluconazole-recalcitrant oral candidiasis. Four isolates from a single clinical sample, one susceptible, the other three exhibiting reduced susceptibilities to fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, were examined. Results showed that reduced susceptibility to azole drugs was associated with an increase in the expression of the multidrug transporters CdCDR1 and CdCDR2 which correlated with reduced intracellular accumulation of radiolabeled fluconazole and an increase in the activity of energy-dependent efflux mechanisms. In contrast to observations made in previous studies, overexpression of the multidrug transporter CdMDR1 was not observed. Despite a thorough investigation of all commonly encountered mechanisms of azole resistance, no other mechanism could be associated with reduced susceptibility to azole drugs in the clinical isolates studied. This is the first report of CdCDR2 involvement in azole resistance in C. dubliniensis.
Resource mobility, diversification, and the compensation requirements of trade reform (1991)

commerce, commercial policy, tariff, welfare economics
Actual and projected incidence rates for chronic subdural hematomas in United States Veterans Administration and civilian populations (2015)

The incidence of chronic SDH is rising; SDH is projected to become the most common cranial neurosurgical condition among adults by the year 2030.
Adaptive Pattern-driven Compression of Large-Area High-Resolution Terrain Data (2011)

This paper presents a novel adaptive pattern-driven approach for compressing large-area high-resolution terrain data. Utilizing a pattern-driven model, the proposed approach achieves efficient terrain data reduction by modeling and encoding disparate visual patterns using a compact set of extracted features. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed technique were corroborated by experiments using various terrain datasets and comparisons with the state-of-the-art compression techniques. Since different visual patterns are separated and modeled explicitly during the compression process, the proposed technique also holds a great potential for providing a good synergy between compression and compressed-domain analysis.
The 8th Workshop on Frontiers in Low Temperature Plasma Diagnostics (2010)

The 8th Workshop on Frontiers in Low Temperature Plasma Diagnostics (FLTPD) was held in Blansko, near Brno, Czech Republic. FLTPD is a biennial European event in which scientists working on low temperature plasmas present their recent results, pointing out in particular the originality of the diagnostic techniques used. The idea of starting this series of workshops was born out of a discussion between Frieder Döbele, Bill Graham and one of us when travelling together from Bar Harbor, USA (after the 6th LAPD) to Montreal, Canada, in October 1993. It became evident that we had been lacking a European meeting that could bring together experts in the field of low temperature plasma diagnostics and facilitate sharing the knowledge of these diagnostics with a new generation of scientists. The first FLTPD was held in Les Houches, France, in February 1995. Since then it has been held in the spring of every other year in different European countries, as shown below. The next meeting will be held in Zinnowitz, near Greifswald, Germany, in May 2011.
On the Evolutionary History, Population Genetics and Diversity among Isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis PFGE Pattern JEGX01.0004 (2013)

Facile laboratory tools are needed to augment identification in contamination events to trace the contamination back to the source (traceback) of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). Understanding the evolution and diversity within and among outbreak strains is the first step towards this goal. To this end, we collected 106 new S. Enteriditis isolates within S. Enteriditis Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern JEGX01.0004 and close relatives, and determined their genome sequences. Sources for these isolates spanned food, clinical and environmental farm sources collected during the 2010 S. Enteritidis shell egg outbreak in the United States along with closely related serovars, S. Dublin, S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum and S. Gallinarum. Despite the highly homogeneous structure of this population, S. Enteritidis isolates examined in this study revealed thousands of SNP differences and numerous variable genes (n = 366). Twenty-one of these genes from the lineages leading to outbreak-associated samples had nonsynonymous (causing amino acid changes) changes and five genes are putatively involved in known Salmonella virulence pathways. While chromosome synteny and genome organization appeared to be stable among these isolates, genome size differences were observed due to variation in the presence or absence of several phages and plasmids, including phage RE-2010, phage P125109, plasmid pSEEE3072_19 (similar to pSENV), plasmid pOU1114 and two newly observed mobile plasmid elements pSEEE1729_15 and pSEEE0956_35. These differences produced modifications to the assembled bases for these draft genomes in the size range of approximately 4.6 to 4.8 mbp, with S. Dublin being larger (∼4.9 mbp) and S. Gallinarum smaller (4.55 mbp) when compared to S. Enteritidis. Finally, we identified variable S. Enteritidis genes associated with virulence pathways that may be useful markers for the development of rapid surveillance and typing methods, potentially aiding in traceback efforts during future outbreaks involving S. Enteritidis PFGE pattern JEGX01.0004.
Detecting people of interest from internet data sources (2006)

In previous papers, we have documented success in determining the key people of interest from a large corpus of real-world evidence. Our recent efforts focus on exploring additional domains and data sources. Internet data sources such as email, web pages, and news feeds make it easier to gather a large corpus of documents for various domains, but detecting people of interest in these sources introduces new challenges. Analyzing these massive sources magnifies entity resolution problems, and demands a storage management strategy that supports efficient algorithmic analysis and visualization techniques. This paper discusses the techniques we used in order to analyze the ENRON email repository, which are also applicable to analyzing web pages returned from our "Buddy" meta-search engine.
Computation of optimal switching patterns for voltage-controlled inverters using neural-network software (2003)

The feasibility of neural networks for optimal voltage control of three-phase power inverters was investigated. The case study involved elimination of the 5th, 7th, and 11th harmonics of the output voltage using four switching angles per quarter-cycle of the output frequency. Regular and sparse neural networks were experimented with. The regular network requires training, but the number of neurons is low. Training is not necessary for the sparse network which can be synthesized using a simple formula. The sparse network also offers higher accuracy than the regular network, at the expense of a significantly higher neuron count. Results of computer simulations have confirmed the viability of the proposed technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active fixation using attentional shifts, affine resampling, and multiresolution search (2002)

Presents a new approach for fixing two cameras at a single location in a 3D scene. Fixation requires the detection of binocular disparity for a single point of interest in the scene so that vergence control can reduce that disparity to zero. Most existing systems use area-based matching, since feature-based matching is computationally prohibitive. Unfortunately, the area-based approach does not perform well when confronted with steeply inclined surfaces, occlusions, repeating patterns or featureless image regions. The method presented in this paper utilizes attentional shifts and affine resampling to combat these problems. These are integrated with adaptive window-size control and coarse-to-fine correlation-based searching. The effectiveness of the approach for complex scenes is demonstrated with several stereo image pairs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pyridazines. LXXXIV. Studies on borohydride reduction of pyridazine compounds (1976)

Abstract Imidazo[1,2‐ b ]pyridazine, s ‐triazolo[4,3‐ b ]pyridazine and tetrazolo[1,5‐ b ]pyridazine and some derivatives thereof were reduced with sodium borohydride to give the corresponding 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro derivatives. A mechanism for these reductions is proposed and reduction at the C 7 ‐C 8 bond occurs before the reduction of the C 6 N 5 bond. Substituents at position 7 and/or 8 cause a significant decrease in the extent of reduction or lead to a 5,6‐dihydro derivative by competitive attack at the 6 position.
EXPRESSION OF TGF-beta-1 mRNA AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS IN PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED PROLONGED PENILE ERECTION IN A CANINE MODEL (1998)

Pharmacologically induced low flow prolonged penile erection in canine models is associated with histomorphological changes in relatively short periods of time, suggesting that early therapeutic intervention is desirable. The gene expression for TGF-beta1 may be a mediator of fibrosis; therefore the use of anti-TGF-beta agents presents a possible tool for therapeutic intervention.
Generalized correlation for estimating choking velocity in vertical solids tranport (1976)

The literature correlations and models for estimating choking velocity in vertical solids transport lines were reviewed and tested for their suitability over a wide range of operating pressures (to 680 psia) and gas densities (to 3.4 lb/cu ft). None of them was satisfactory over the whole range. Most of these correlations are based on low-pressure data and are unsatisfactory for high-pressure data. The only correlation based on high-pressure data was unsatisfactory for low-pressure data. An empirical correlation of the friction factor for solids (f/sub s/) as a function of gas density (rho/sub g/) at choking conditions is presented. This correlation, together with Yang's model for particle velocity in vertical transport and the assumption that the slip velocity at choking equals the terminal velocity, can be used to calculate choking velocity and the corresponding voidage at low as well as high pressures.
An Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Algorithm for a Planar Manipular (1989)

Abstract This paper develops the modeling, simulation and path modification for obstacle avoidance capabilities in an application to a planar robotic mechanism. Geometric and computer models are developed for both the robotic mechanism, as well as for the obstacles which make up the workspace environment. Obstacle expansion is utilized to reduce the models of the robotic links to simple line segments. Obstacle detection is achieved through the use of obstacle detection grids, which are constructed to cover the intended area of robotic motion. The classification of motion will be determined entirely from the initial and final configuration of the robot. This classification of robotic motion will determine the shape and type of the grid used to detect the obstacles. Upon obstacle detection, several path modification algorithms are implemented to circumvent these obstructions. The end result and goal of this paper is achieved through the final generation of an obstacle-free trajectory as illustrated by a comprehensive example.
Time‐to‐event analysis with treatment arm selection at interim (2011)

This paper discusses the application of an adaptive design for treatment arm selection in an oncology trial, with survival as the primary endpoint and disease progression as a key secondary endpoint. We carried out treatment arm selection at an interim analysis by using Bayesian predictive power combining evidence from the two endpoints. At the final analysis, we carried out a frequentist statistical test of efficacy on the survival endpoint. We investigated several approaches (Bonferroni approach, 'Dunnett-like' approach, a conditional error function approach and a combination p-value approach) with respect to their power and the precise conditions under which type I error control is attained.