gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and the Initiation of Steroidogenesis in Porcine Follicles Are Associated with Unique Patterns of Gene Expression for Individual Componentsof the Ovarian Insulin-Like Growth Factor System1 (2000)

Ovarian follicular growth and steroidogenesis are controlled by the interaction of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and gonadotropins. The objective was to determine the temporal and spatial relationships for gonadotropin receptor, steroidogenic enzyme, and IGF system gene expression during the development of preovulatory porcine follicles. Sows (n = 18) were weaned and follicles were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. Ovaries were collected from sows when the mean diameter of the preovulatory follicular cohort was approximately 2, 4, 6, or 8 mm. mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization for individual follicles within the preovulatory cohort (3 to 5 follicles per sow). Patterns of gene expression detected by in situ hybridization were confirmed by RNase protection analyses of pooled RNA samples. The amount of LH receptor mRNA and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA (17alpha-hydroxylase and aromatase) increased as the mean diameter of the follicular cohort increased from 2 to 6 mm, but then decreased abruptly for 8-mm follicles. Estradiol concentrations in follicular fluid closely followed the expression patterns of steroidogenic enzymes and LH receptor mRNA. FSH receptor mRNA was present in cohorts of 2-mm follicles but declined in 4-mm follicles and was undetectable in 6- and 8-mm follicles. The expression of IGF-I and type I IGF receptor mRNA were similar for follicles of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm. In contrast, IGF-II mRNA progressively increased in follicles collected from 2-, 4-, and 6-mm cohorts, and then decreased slightly at 8 mm. Type II IGF receptor mRNA was greatest in 8-mm follicles. IGF binding protein-2 (BP-2) mRNA decreased as follicles achieved progressively larger sizes during the preovulatory period (2 to 8 mm), whereas the IGFBP-4 mRNA remained relatively low for follicles in 2- to 6-mm cohorts but then increased markedly in 8-mm follicles. In summary, temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression for gonadotropin receptor, steroidogenic enzyme, and IGF system genes were characterized in preovulatory porcine follicles by using in situ hybridization and RNase protection analyses. The unique patterns of gene expression suggest interdependence among specific genes that may be essential for preovulatory follicular development.
Initial Safety and Efficacy Results of a Second-Generation Humanized Anti-CD20 Antibody, IMMU-106 (hA20), in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. (2005)

Abstract Background. Infusion reactions, prolonged infusion times and immunogenicity of the chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, may in part be related to its murine component. The humanized anti-CD20 antibody, IMMU-106 (hA20), may offer potential advantages because only the CDRs are of murine origin and the remaining &gt;90% human framework regions are identical to humanized anti-CD22 IgG1 antibody epratuzumab, whose safety and short infusion times have been reported. Methods. An open-label, multicenter, phase I/II, dose escalation study conducted in patients with recurrent B cell lymphoma to establish the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of hA20 administered once weekly for 4 doses. Results. Twenty patients (11 M/9 F, 40–81 y.o) with grade 1–2 follicular (n=16) or other CD20+ B-cell lymphomas (mantle cell, small lymphocytic, marginal zone x 2) were enrolled in the dose escalation portion of this study, receiving 120 mg/m2 (n=7), 200 mg/m2 (n=6), 375 mg/m2 (n=4) or 750 mg/m2 (n=3) weekly x 4. These patients had previously received 1-7 prior therapies (median, 2.5), including treatments with one (n=12) or 2–4 (n=6) rituximab-containing regimens (without progression within 6 months). Five patients (25%) had grade 1–2 infusion reactions predominantly with first hA20 infusion. Median infusion times for 375 mg/m2 of hA20 were 3.3 hours for first infusion, 2.0 hours for subsequent infusions, and were generally shorter at lower doses. Standard laboratory values obtained at each infusion were generally observed to be within normal limits, and human anti-human antibody (HAHA) serum evaluations are negative to date. Peripheral blood B-cell depletion occurred after first infusion and persisted for samples obtained up to 12 weeks following fourth infusion with analysis ongoing. Pharmacokinetic results after first and fourth infusions demonstrate a mean antibody serum half-life of 5.3 ± 5.3 and 12.0 ± 8.7 days, respectively. To date, of 15 pts with at least one post-treatment assessments now completed, there are at least 8 objective responses (53%) by Cheson criteria, including 6 patients (40%) with complete responses [CR, CRu] at a median follow-up of 12 weeks. Complete responses have been observed at all dose levels, including 3/7 patients receiving 120 mg/m2/wk. Conclusion. This study demonstrates the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of this humanized anti-CD20 antibody administered weekly for 4 doses, mostly to patients with follicular lymphomas who relapsed after rituximab-containing regimens. The demonstration of CRs, tolerability, and relatively short infusion times is encouraging. This study is continuing and expanding to assess the durability of responses and the optimal dose for subsequent studies.
Substructure versus Whole‐molecule Approaches for Calculating Log P (2003)

Abstract The validity of log P calculations is checked for the substructure methods CLOGP, KOWWIN, and AB/logP and the whole‐molecule method SciLogP via experimental log P for 174 molecules, comprising 90 simple organics and 84 more complex drugs. Averaged absolute residual sums (AARS) give the following ranking for the entire set: CLOGP>KOWWIN≈AB/logP>SciLogP. Separate analysis of simple organics yields: CLOGP>KOWWIN>AB/logP>SciLogP. For the drugs we find: CLOGP≈KOWWIN≈AB/LogP>SciLogP. In a second step, we compared the validity of the calculation programs focussing on structural factors with a critical impact on log P such as resonance and H‐bonding interactions. AARS values show that CLOGP and KOWWIN scored slightly better than AB/LogP and SciLogP; this agrees with the good performance of CLOGP and KOWWIN when dealing with simple compounds. AB/LogP averaged correction factors obtained from both simple and complex compounds, so it produced a slightly lower accuracy. α‐Effects, representing strong interactions between conjugated π‐electrons within polar functional groups, were identified from compounds lacking “isolating carbons”, which break α‐effects. All compounds in this data set are difficult to deal with for the substructure methods, but should be easy to deal with for the whole‐molecule approach. In practice, however, SciLogP performed worse than the substructure methods. The best performance was shown by CLOGP, followed by KOWWIN and AB/LogP. Taken together, all substructure methods produced better results than the whole‐molecule method. The possible explanation may be that substructure methods automatically account for unknown effects by splitting compounds into fragments and/or conducting class‐specific analyses. Whole‐molecule approaches cannot account for unknown effects, as long as they neglect class‐specific analyses. Among the substructure approaches, our results correlate with the methodology of algorithm development. CLOGP and KOWWIN were developed in a long iterative process, using simple organics for increment derivation and complex drugs for algorithm refinement. AB/LogP was developed in a fast two‐step procedure that did not discriminate between simple and complex compounds. So it produced slightly lower accuracy for simple organics, but not lower accuracy for the complex drugs.
THE ROLE OF THE NEYMAN-PEARSON LEMMA IN THE THEORY OF DISCRETE SEARCH (1967)

Abstract : Suppose an object is hidden in one of n boxes. It is in box k with probability p sub k, k = 1, ..., n. If it is in the k th box, a search of the k th box may overlook it with probability alpha sub k, 0 alpha sub k 1. The events E sub(j,k) that the object is found in the j th search of the k th box are disjoint, and P sub jk = Pr(E sub j,k) = p sub k alpha sub k to the (j-1) power (1-alpha sub k) for k = 1, ..., n and all positive integers j. Suppose also that each search of box k costs c sub k 0. The main problem considered in this paper is how to search in order to maximize the probability of finding the object spending no more than a fixed amount C.
7. The Trust-Region Subproblem (2000)

7.1 The Solution of Trust-Region Subproblems In the previous chapter, we have seen that the central computation in our basic trust-region algorithm is the calculation of a step that sufficiently reduces the model and for which . We have also observed that the Cauchy point gives such a step, as indeed do any other points within the trust region that give a reduction in the model which is a positive fraction of that obtained at the Cauchy point. In this chapter, we consider a number of possibilities in the special, but frequent, case where the model we wish to employ is the quadratic mk ( xk +s) =ƒ ( xk ) + 〈 gk ,s〉 + 1 2 〈s, Hk s〉, 7.1.1 where is the gradient and is a symmetric bounded approximation to . There are really two obvious but extreme possibilities for . The first is the step to the Cauchy point. The second is a step that makes as small as possible within . As in Section 6.3.4, we shall call a point that makes the model as small as possible the model minimizer and denote it by . Realistically, any point that gives a model value between these two extremes is acceptable in terms of the theory we have just studied. Practically, as we shall see, there are contrasting differences between the two possibilities. The Cauchy point is in general cheap to obtain, while computing the model minimizer requires the solution of a minimization problem and may therefore be expensive. Conversely, continued use of the Cauchy step (that is, the step to the Cauchy point) normally results in a slowly (Q-linearly) converging method, while an asymptotically fast (Q-superlinear or quadratic) rate of convergence is possible with the step to the model minimizer. This then suggests that a compromise step between these two extremes may give us the computational efficiencies of the former and the convergence advantages of the latter.
Highlights of B/D‐HPP and HPP Resource Pillar Workshops at 12th Annual HUPO World Congress of Proteomics (2014)

At the 12th Annual HUPO World Congress of Proteomics in Japan, the Human Proteome Project (HPP) presented 16 scientific workshop sessions. Here we summarize highlights of ten workshops from the Biology and Disease-driven HPP (B/D-HPP) teams and three from the HPP Resource Pillars. Highlights of the three Chromosome-centric HPP sessions appeared in the many articles of the 2014 C-HPP special issue of the Journal of Proteome Research .
On integral input-to-state stability of event-triggered control systems (2019)

We consider nonlinear control systems, where transmission between plant and controller are scheduled via asynchronous event-triggering policies. We propose a Lyapunov-based approach to develop so-called dynamic triggering conditions such that the controlled system is integral input-to-state stable. Moreover, by the use of event-triggering policies, a positive minimum inter-event time is ensured that prevents Zeno type behavior and renders the approach practically implementable. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by application to bilinear systems.
AUDIOGENIC STARTLE REFLEX OF MAN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO STARTLE SYNDROMES (1986)

The normal human audiogenic startle reflex is defined from a review of the literature, substantiated by a current investigation of normal subjects, and clarified pathophysiologically by a discussion of animal experimentation. The basic information is used to evaluate critically a variety of syndromes loosely termed 'startle' in the past. A new classification of startle syndromes is proposed.
Inclusion of aggregate angularity, texture, and form in estimating dynamic modulus of asphalt mixes (2012)

Abstract The present study was undertaken to develop a model that utilizes aggregate shape parameters (i.e. angularity, texture and form) in estimating the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixes. Dynamic modulus tests were conducted on 20 different mixes comprised of different aggregate sources, sizes, asphalt binder, and air void levels. The coarse and fine aggregates were recovered from each mix, and their shape parameters were measured using an automated aggregate image measurement system (AIMS). A nonlinear regression model was developed to estimate the dynamic modulus of the mix in terms of its aggregate gradation, aggregate shape parameters, viscosity of asphalt binder, and volumetric properties. The correlation coefficient (R 2) for the developed model was found to be 0.95 and 0.92 on logarithmic and arithmetic scales, respectively, with a mean average relative error (MARE) of 21.9%. The performance of this model was compared with the widely accepted Witczak model that does not use the shape parameters of the aggregates. The MARE for the Witczak model was estimated significantly higher than the developed model. Results show that the dynamic modulus of the mix increases with an increase in the angularity and texture of aggregates and that the inclusion of shape parameters can enhance the prediction capability of a model. Keywords: dynamic modulusangularitytextureformasphalt mixaggregate imaging Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Haskell Lemon Construction Company, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for their assistance during every phase of this project. The financial support of Volvo Construction Equipment Company, Shippensburg, PA, and the Oklahoma Transportation Center, Oklahoma City, OK, are also greatly appreciated. The authors greatly appreciate the help of Mr Brian Wolfe and Mr Asif Imran during different phases of this project. The authors are sincerely thankful to Mr Joshua Gibson for his assistance in editing this paper.
Selection of patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus for shunt placement: a single-institution experience (2010)

Our strategy based on the analysis of CSF pulse pressure parameters seems to have a great accuracy in predicting surgical outcome in clinical practice.
WHAT WE HAVE ALSO LEARNED: ADAPTIVE SPECIATION IS THEORETICALLY PLAUSIBLE (2005)

A recent Perspectives article by Gavrilets (2003) on the theory of speciation ignored advances in understanding processes of adaptive speciation, in which the splitting of lineages is an adaptation caused by frequency-dependent selection. Adaptive, or sympatric, speciation has been modeled since the 1960s, but the large amount of attention from both empirical and theoretical biologists that adaptive speciation has received in recent years goes far beyond what was described in Gavrilets' paper. Due to conceptual advances based on the theory of adaptive dynamics, adaptive speciation has emerged as a theoretically plausible evolutionary process that can occur in many different ecological settings.
On the MISO compound wiretap channel (2010)

We study the secure degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the MISO compound wiretap channel. The transmitter has M antennas, whereas the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper each have one antenna and the channel vectors take one of finitely many values. If the number of states of either the legitimate receiver or the eavesdropper channel is less than M, then then we achieve full 1 d.o.f. If however the number of states of both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper channel are at-least equal to M, then we establish that the d.o.f. is strictly less than 1. Our upper bound is, to our knowledge, the first bound which is strictly tighter than the ¿pairwise upper bound¿. Lower bounds that combine ideas based on time-sharing, noise transmission, signal alignment and multi-level coding schemes are also provided.
Antigenic properties of a non-collagenous reticulin component of normal connective tissue. (1974)

Rabbit antisera raised against a saline-insoluble non-collagenous reticulin component (NCRC) of pig and human kidney gave immunofluorescent staining of basement membranes, stroma of liver and kidney and newly formed blood vessels in pig, rat and human tissue. The staining patterns closely resembled those reported for anti-reticulin antibodies, and both species-specific and species-shared determinants could be distinguished. Although the antisera reacted least with rat glomeruli in cryostat sections, rabbit immunoglobulin localized persistently but harmlessly in the renal glomeruli of rats given the antisera intravenously. Absorption with NCRC of sera from patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in most cases removed the anti-reticulin antibody characteristic of this group of diseases.
Rooting Out Pain (2005)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Counting errors in a voltage-biased electron pump (2002)

We have measured the counting errors of a seven-junction electron pump when charge is pumped against a voltage difference. At finite bias voltages, we find that the errors increase exponentially with both pump voltage and temperature, in agreement with theoretical predictions. To compare experiment and simulation, all pump parameters were determined by independent electron-box experiments. Although we assume temperatures somewhat higher than those measured, simulations based on the ground-capacitance model yield excellent quantitative agreement with experiment and indicate that errors in the high-voltage regime are due to thermally activated tunneling. In addition, a surprising asymmetry between positive and negative voltages is explained by an asymmetry in the junction capacitances.
Video som virtuel tilgang til uddannelse (2004)

<p>F&oslash;rste gang publiceret i UNEV nr. 3: Internet Video: Teknik og p&aelig;dagogik m&oslash;des p&aring; nettet, april - juni 2004, red. Jens D&oslash;rup. ISSN 1603-5518.</p><p>Med udgangspunkt i et tilbageblik til Thomas Edisons opfindelse af filmfremviseren diskuteres i artiklen videomediets potentialer, specielt i forhold til undervisningen i brugen af komplekse instrumenter ved Danmarks Tekniske Universitet.</p>
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Preparation of Protected Hydrazines from Alcohols via Mitsunobu Chemistry. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Technical Basis for Revisions to ASME Section XI Acceptance Standards for Surface Flaws in Piping in Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptible Materials (2009)

Acceptance Standards for flaws in piping are provided in Section XI of the ASME B&PV Code to permit acceptance of relatively small flaws without the need to perform an analytical evaluation. The Acceptance Standards are based on maintaining large margins against failure, and are based on the assumption that flaw growth will be insignificant. The assumption of a small amount of flaw growth is justified when fatigue crack growth is the only crack growth mechanism. However, when stress corrosion cracking is operative, flaw growth could be significant. This conclusion was illustrated by comparison of the crack growth results due to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), coolant environments. For this reason, IWB-3514 of Section XI prohibits use of the Acceptance Standards for planar surface-connected flaws that are detected in piping materials that are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and are in reactor coolant environments. As part of a recent Code revision to include new Acceptance Standards tables for flaws in piping, restrictions on use of the Acceptance Standards of IWB-3514 have been refined and clarified. The recent Code revision now specifies different restrictions and requirements for use of the Acceptance Standards for such planar surface-connected flaws detected by preservice and inservice examination. In addition, similar restrictions have been imposed on use of the new Acceptance Standards for such planar surface-connected flaws in Class 2 piping in IWC-3514 of Section XI. The technical basis for the restrictions and requirements for use of the Acceptance Standards for planar surface-connected flaws in piping materials that are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking is provided in this paper.
Resolution of sequence discrepancies in the ORF1 region of the<i>Buyveromyces lactis</i>plasmid k1 (1988)

Journal Article Resolution of sequence discrepancies in the ORF1 region of the Buyveromyces lactis plasmid k1 Get access Michael J.R. Stark Michael J.R. Stark * The Leicester Biocentre, University of LeicesterLeicester LEI 7RH, UK +Present address: Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee, DD1 4HN, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 2, 25 January 1988, Page 771, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.2.771 Published: 25 January 1988 Article history Accepted: 02 December 1987 Published: 25 January 1988
Georges Weiss' Fundamental Law of Electrostimulation Is 100 Years Old (2002)

In 1901, Georges Weiss published a voluminous paper that was the result of the charge by the Commission International du Parc-aux-Prince to investigate whether there are measures to make mutually comparable and to classify the different devices that physiologists used for nerve and muscle stimulation. Georges Weiss was born August 26, 1859 in Bischweiler (Alsace, France). He trained as an engineer in Paris and afterward began his medical training and received his medical doctorate in 1889. In the same year he was appointed "Professeur Agrègé, " and "Préparateur" at the Department of Medical Physics of the Medical Faculty at Paris. He made many contributions to physiology, but his main field of interest was electrophysiology. At the end of the nineteenth century the measuring capabilities for electrical stimulation pulses were limited and stimulation theories were based more on speculation than on measurements. Weiss found a fascinating method to produce short-lasting pulses of defined amplitude and duration. He constructed bridges by conducting threads within a circuit that were then destroyed by an air rifle bullet driven by liquid carbonic acid to produce short-lasting pulses. To investigate double pulses, the measuring system was expanded in the same manner, now with four bridging threads. The experiments were carried out with remarkable accuracy. The results included: (1) the threshold quantity that is the voltage-time-product, is a linear function of the pulse duration; (2) there is always a minimum of the delivered energy dependent on pulse duration; (3) pulse shape plays no role in electrostimulation. The physiologists were not so impressed by the Weiss report as it did not really meet the requirements as expressed by the title. There was no measuring technology available at that time to measure the quantity of devices with short-lasting pulses in the millisecond range. No wonder that the importance of the findings was not really perceived by the scientific community. It can be concluded that if there are statements in the literature contradicting one of the above three Weiss theorems, one can infer that the investigation is questionable.