gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sleepiness and its relation to autonomic evidence of arousals and increased inspiratory effort in a community based population of men and women (2000)

Degrees of sleep apnoea and daytime sleepiness are quite common in community populations. However the relationship between the two is poor, although sleepiness does correlate better with a history of snoring. It has been suggested that sleep can be fragmented by upper airways obstructive events, short of full apnoeas or hypopnoeas, and that these events may not provoke full cortical arousal, but be detectable through activation of the autonomic system. Failure to detect both these could mask a relationship between 'sleep apnoea' and daytime sleepiness. We have therefore measured sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) in addition to both autonomic 'arousals' and inspiratory effort (using pulse transit time) in 473 men and women at home. Although sleepiness was related to a history of snoring, it was not significantly predicted by the measures of autonomic 'arousal', or inspiratory effort. Reported snoring and objectively measured snoring correlated poorly. As in other studies, nocturnal hypoxic dips were correlated with obesity, age, alcohol consumption, drug usage and a history of snoring. These data make it unlikely that sleep fragmentation from subtle variants of sleep apnoea and 'autonomic' (or 'subcortical') arousals are an important source of daytime sleepiness in the community.
Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Effects of Clomiphene, MER-25 and CN-55,945-27 on the Rat Uterus and Vagina (1968)

The estrogenic effects of compounds which also possess antiestrogenic activity, MER-25, clomiphene and CN-55,945-27, were compared with those of 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized rats. Increases in uterine glycocogen, glucose, per cent water, and vaginal glycogen were noted with single doses of all the compounds. The maximal glycogen response to the inhibitors was about 1/2 of that induced by estradiolestradiol at the doses employed. The 3 antagonists also markedly inhibited the 6-hr increase in glycogen, glucose and per cent water due to estradiol when they were given in multiple doses prior to estradiol treatment. These results suggest that MER-25, clomiphene, and CN-55,945- 27 are competitive inhibitors of estrogen at a common site of action. (Endocrinology82: 69, 1968)
Verifying Quantum Programs: From Quipper to QPMC (2017)

In this paper we present a translation from the quantum programming language Quipper to the QPMC model checker, with the main aim of verifying Quipper programs. Quipper is an embedded functional programming language for quantum computation. It is above all a circuit description language, for this reason it uses the vector state formalism and its main purpose is to make circuit implementation easy providing high level operations for circuit manipulation. Quipper provides both an high-level circuit building interface and a simulator. QPMC is a model checker for quantum protocols based on the density matrix formalism. QPMC extends the probabilistic model checker IscasMC allowing to formally verify properties specified in the temporal logic QCTL on Quantum Markov Chains. We implemented and tested our translation on several quantum algorithms, including Grover's quantum search.
The GABA Receptors (2007)

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an amino acid neurotransmitter, is widely distributed throughout the neuraxis. Two pharmacologically and molecularly distinct GABA receptors have been identified, GABAA and GABAB. GABAA receptors are pentameric ligand-gated chloride-ion channels, whereas GABAB receptors are heterodimeric G protein-coupled sites. Although GABAA receptor subtypes can display pharmacological differences, the two molecularly distinct GABAB receptors have similar substrate specificities, limiting the ability to selectively manipulate this site. Gene deletion and point mutation studies have revealed the importance of GABA receptors in neural development and function, with subtle modifications in subunit amino acid composition having profound effects on behavioral phenotype and responses to drugs. The characterization of GABAA receptors has contributed substantially to the knowledge about allosteric regulation of ligand-gated ion channels. Such information is invaluable in defining precisely the mechanisms of action of numerous drugs, such as the benzodiazepines, and toxic agents. Research on GABAB receptors has proven the existence of dimeric metabotropic receptors and has provided the chemical tools necessary for defining such systems. The characterization of the pentameric GABAA and dimeric GABAB receptors has been crucial for understanding the neurobiological basis of some nervous system disorders. Given the importance of GABA in central nervous system function, further work on its receptors is likely to yield novel therapeutics for treating a host of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Occupant evaluation of 7-hour exposures in a simulated aircraft cabin - Part 1: Optimum balance between fresh air supply and humidity (2005)

ABSTRACT Low humidity in the aircraft cabin environment has been identified as a possible cause of symptoms experienced during long flights. A mock-up of a 21-seat section of an aircraft cabin with realistic pollution sources was built inside a climate chamber, capable of providing fresh outside air at very low humidity. Experiments simulating 7-hour transatlantic flights were carried out at four outside air supply rates - 1.4, 3.3, 4.7 and 9.4 L/s per person (3, 7, 10 and 20 cfm/p) - yielding average humidity levels of 28%, 16%, 11% and 7% RH, respectively. Four groups of 16-18 subjects were exposed to the four conditions. The subjects completed questionnaires to provide subjective assessments of symptoms commonly experienced during flights. Increasing humidity to 28% RH by reducing outside air supply rate did not reduce the intensity of the symptoms typical of the aircraft cabin environment, and intensified headache, dizziness and claustrophobia. INDEX TERMS Aircraft cabin air quality, Low humidity, Passenger comfort, Sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, Ventilation requirements
He‐Ne laser effects on blood microcirculation during wound healing: A method of in vivo study through laser Doppler flowmetry (2004)

The results did not show a significant sustained effect on microcirculation with this He-Ne dose.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of energy capability of RESURF LDMOSFETs and its correlation with static electrical safe operating area (SOA) (2002)

Thermal and electrical destruction of 55 V single and double reduced surface field (RESURF) lateral double-diffused MOSFETs (LDMOSFETs) in smart power ICs are investigated by experiments, simulations, and theoretical modeling. Static safe operating area (SOA) and single pulse dynamic SOA (energy capability) have been studied and correlated. Single RESURF device failure and hence the energy capability is controlled by electrical phenomenon for drain to source voltage near breakdown voltages, whereas the energy capability of the double RESURF device is shown to be controlled by thermal phenomenon for voltage ranges up to about 5 V below the breakdown voltage. Measured energy capability data have been used to obtain critical temperatures for device failure, which decreases with an increase in drain to source voltage. We have empirically shown using experimental data that if the dynamic SOA of the device comes within about 2-5/spl times/ of the static SOA boundary, the device failure is strongly influenced by avalanche multiplication. An analytical model based on Green's function formulation is derived and proposed which can predict energy capability of LDMOSFETs for a wide range of device geometry. The calculated data show excellent matching with the measurements and are within /spl plusmn/10%. A new technique of distributing power within a device by applying less power at the center and more at the edges is proposed, which realizes significant improvement in energy capability by optimizing the temperature distribution within the device.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Hydrocarbons (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image Analysis for Cotton Fibers (2002)

This paper presents the image analysis algorithms developed for a microscopy system that specifically evaluates cotton properties from longitudinal views. The system uses a motorized stage to transport a sample slide to grab sequential images of fiber segments, transversely scans the detected fibers in the images, and outputs both fineness and maturity measurements of cotton based on the statistical data of the massive scans across fibers. The experiments show that the longitudinal data are repeatable and consistent with the data obtained from other testing methods.
Hypoglycemia, Treatment Discontinuation, and Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (2012)

Different OAD classes were associated with different levels of risk for hypoglycemic events. Hypoglycemia was associated with a higher risk of antidiabetic treatment discontinuation and significantly increased health care costs.
Der Dekalog am Sinai (1985)

DER DEKALOG AM SINAI von CHRISTOPH LEVIN Göttingen Lothar Perlitt gewidmet in Dankbarkeit und Respekt I Von den beiden kanonischen Fassungen des Dekalogs Ex. xx 2-17 und Dtn. v 6-21 ist nach verbreiteter Ansicht der Exodusdeka- log der ursprungliche, der Deuteronomiumdekalog sekundär.1 Die- se Ansicht kann zwar nicht jede Einzelheit der spateren parallelen Textentwicklung erklaren, trifft aber f3r den Zeitpunkt der Tradi- tionsverdoppelung das Richtige: Der Deuteronomiumdekalog ist nachtraglich aus der Sinaiperikope ubernommen. Ich nenne kurz die Begrfndungen, wie sie aus dem synoptischen Vergleich hervor- gehen:2 2 1. Ein kanonischer Text ist seinem Wesen nach unantastbar. "Die Kanonizitat schlieflt notwendig
Stereochemistry of the addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to cyclopentadiene (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to cyclopentadieneH. Haubenstock, P. G. Mennitt, and Peter E. ButlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 10, 3208–3210Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00835a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00835a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On spectral and thermal behaviors of AlGaInP light-emitting diodes under pulse-width modulation (2007)

Behavior of the emission spectrum, junction temperature, and charge carrier temperature of low-power AlGaInP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different colors under pulse-width-modulation (PWM) dimming is investigated. The blueshift of the peak wavelength and the bandwidth narrowing in the emission spectra of the studied LEDs with shortening pulse are found. A linear relation of the junction temperature and carrier temperature of the studied LEDs to their duty cycle is detected. Perceivable changes in color of AlGaInP LEDs under the PWM scheme are observed.
A total hardware based GPS/GLONASS receiver (1996)

The paper describes a new approach for designing navigational satellite receivers, which allows the processing of satellite signals by hardware only, without a need for any software processing, including the convolution of the Glonass satellite frequencies. On the basis of this approach a receiver was designed and manufactured, using ASIC technology - a highly specialized hardware digital satellite signal processor, which does not require software signal processing. The measured values of navigational parameters and the satellite message are fed from the ASIC output directly-to the navigational processor. The paper describes the general receiver architecture but also provides a detailed description of the following main receiver hardware units: . digital PLL; . DLL with carrier aided pseudorange measurement; . narrow space correlator. The paper demonstrates that these units function in accordance with optimal (or near optimal signal processing algorithms and have some advantages if compared with the existing traditional solutions. The major innovations obtained during this study are being patented. A maritime and a portable prototype receivers have already been developed on the basis of the ASIC mentioned above and undergo federal testing, which have already demonstrated the following: . improvement of major receiver parameters, including accuracy and interference rejection; . the developed GPS/GLONASS receiver offers has to the user the well known advantages of dual systems receivers, has less functional units (and IC units accordingly) than the classical single and dual-system receivers, which is believed to reduce production cost.
Food-related illness and death in the United States. (1999)

To better quantify the impact of foodborne diseases on health in the United States, we compiled and analyzed information from multiple surveillance systems and other sources. We estimate that foodborne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. Known pathogens account for an estimated 14 million illnesses, 60, 000 hospitalizations, and 1,800 deaths. Three pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria, and Toxoplasma, are responsible for 1,500 deaths each year, more than 75% of those caused by known pathogens, while unknown agents account for the remaining 62 million illnesses, 265,000 hospitalizations, and 3,200 deaths. Overall, foodborne diseases appear to cause more illnesses but fewer deaths than previously estimated.
Equilibrium and Dynamic Interfacial Tension Measurements at Microscopic Interfaces Using a Micropipet Technique. 1. A New Method for Determination of Interfacial Tension (2001)

A new micropipet technique has been developed to measure the equilibrium and dynamic interfacial tensions of microscopic liquid−gas and liquid−liquid interfaces. In this technique, a liquid−gas or liquid−liquid interface with a radius of curvature ranging from 1 to 100 μm can be created inside a tapered micropipet. On the basis of the Laplace equation (a work balance between tension and applied pressure for the curved interface), the equilibrium interfacial tension between the two phases (clean or surfactant adsorbed) can be determined by measuring the radius of curvature of the interface for a series of pressure changes. With an additional surfactant-delivering micropipet, we show how this technique also offers an effective way to study adsorption/desorption dynamics upon exposure and washout for various surfactants and provides the whole history of surfactant exchange for microscopic interfaces. Here, we verify that the results of this technique are consistent with the interfacial tension values previously obtained by other methods typically conducted on macroscopic interfaces. The technique has been used to study the adsorption of PEG-40-Stearate as a monolayer at the liquid−gas interface. From a plot of the measured surface tension as a function of PEG-40-Stearate concentration, the critical micelle concentration and area per molecule have been determined to be 40 ± 2 μM and 1.19 nm2, respectively. In a companion paper, we report additional new data on a series of phospholipid monolayers.
Single strand conformation polymorphism based SNP and Indel markers for genetic mapping and synteny analysis of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (2009)

The SSCP technique is a useful and inexpensive alternative to other SNP or Indel detection techniques for saturating the common bean genetic map with functional markers that may be useful in marker assisted selection. In addition, the genetic markers based on ESTs allowed the construction of a transcript map and given their high conservation between species allowed synteny comparisons to be made to sequenced genomes. This synteny analysis may support positional cloning of target genes in common bean through the use of genomic information from these other legumes.
Improvements of Solder Ball Shear Strength of a Wafer-Level CSP Using a Novel Cu Stud Technology (2004)

The solder ball shear test has been widely adopted in the electronics industry to estimate the strength of solder ball attachment of advanced electronic packages. A solder ball with low shear strength is usually considered as a weak solder joint in package reliability testing. Consequently, demands for increasing the solder ball shear strength have risen in recent years. This work attempts to enhance the solder ball shear strength of the wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) by forming a Cu stud on the surface of the solder pad. The novel Cu stud design technology has been achieved by using a simple semiconductor manufacturing process. To investigate the impact of Cu stud, a three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear finite element method is used for Cu stud design. Furthermore, the shear force-displacement curves, obtained by computational analysis, are compared with the experimental results to demonstrate the accuracy of the finite element models. This investigation also explores the effects of various parameters including the Cu stud's dimension, shape, and material properties on solder ball shear strength. The analytical results establish that a suitable size of Cu stud in a solder ball can effectively enhance the ball's shear strength.
Campus Sexual Assault Prevention: Supporting Male Student Allies in an Effort to Sustain Engagement (2009)

Movements to engage college men as activists and allies working to end sexual assault have become increasingly prevalent in U.S. colleges (Barone, Wolgemuth, & Linder, 2007; Berkowitz, 1994, 2002, 2004; Fabiano, Perkins, Berkowitz, Linkenbach, & Stark, 2003). Unfortunately, studies have shown that college men who are involved in breaking down gender norms and working to end sexual assault face being ostracized by their peers (Antill, 1987; Archer, 1984; Barone, Wolgemuth, & Linder, 2007, McCreary, 1994). The author will make an argument elucidating the importance for student affairs practitioners to foster an environment that is supportive of men who do not subscribe to hegemonic masculine ideals to keep them involved in the struggle to eliminate sexual assault as a reality.
Hsp90 and Its Co-Chaperones in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2019)

Proper folding is crucial for proteins to achieve functional activity in the cell. However, it often occurs that proteins are improperly folded (misfolded) and form aggregates, which are the main hallmark of many diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and many others. Proteins that assist other proteins in proper folding into three-dimensional structures are chaperones and co-chaperones. The key role of chaperones/co-chaperones is to prevent protein aggregation, especially under stress. An imbalance between chaperone/co-chaperone levels has been documented in neurons, and suggested to contribute to protein misfolding. An essential protein and a major regulator of protein folding in all eukaryotic cells is the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The function of Hsp90 is tightly regulated by many factors, including co-chaperones. In this review we summarize results regarding the role of Hsp90 and its co-chaperones in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prionopathies.
Aldehyde-treated porcine skin versus biobrane as biosynthetic skin substitutes for excised burn wounds: case series and review of the literature. (2007)

Background. The use of skin substitutes as temporary or permanent coverings has been a subject of research and study since 1500 BC. Temporary coverage of the burn wound can decrease the metabolic rate, fluid loss, pain, and colonization. The aim of this study is to review clinical experience with Biobrane and aldehyde-treated porcine skin (E.Z. Derm) as biosynthetic skin substitutes for the treatment of excised burn wounds. Methods. Fifty-two patients (42 males and 10 females) with deep dermal and full-thickness burns were selected for this retrospective study. Half of these patients were treated with Biobrane (this part of the study covered the period Jan. 1995/Dec. 1999) and the other half were treated with E.Z. Derm (Jan. 2000/Dec. 2005). The mean total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 30%. The excisional therapy was carried out in stages, each procedure being limited to 7-15% TBSA. All the patients underwent either tangential excision or excision down to the muscle fascia. The male/female ratio was 3:1 and the patients' ages ranged between 5 and 67 yr (mean, 35 yr). Data collection included: initial observation (age, sex extent of burn, depth of burn, photograph), skin substitute observation (adherence, presence of fluid collection, rejection, infection, photograph), and follow-up wound evaluation. Results. Both Biobrane and E.Z. Derm reduced pain, decreased evaporative water and heat loss, and limited bacterial growth. Both decreased exudative protein loss, protected the underlying vessels and nerves, and enhanced the healing of partial-thickness wounds. Both promoted the development of granulation tissues to be ready for autografting, and neither presented antigenicity or transmitted diseases. Porcine skin showed limited wound adhesion and limited control of infection compared to Biobrane. Conclusion. Biobrane and E.Z. Derm protected excised burn wounds from bacterial contamination and dehydration. It can be concluded that Biobrane has the potential for long-term adherence (10 days). Aldehyde-treated porcine skin (E.Z. Derm) is a reliable tool for short-term use and should not remain on the wound more than 3-4 days.