gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure-Related Diffuse Lung Disease (2008)

Practicing pulmonologists are often faced with the question of whether a lung disease is related to something in the patient's workplace, home, or recreational environment. Recognizing a lung disease as exposure related creates both opportunities and obligations for clinicians. In addition to managing the patient, the obligation to consider risks to others and to prevent ongoing exposure is a challenge that requires diagnostic clarity and collaboration between multiple specialists. We present five illustrative case studies of patients with diffuse lung diseases from environmental and occupational exposures in which communication between the pulmonologist, radiologist, and pathologist was essential for both medical and public health management. Diagnostic and treatment strategies as well as social and preventive interventions are reviewed, with key points for the practicing pulmonologist.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Hydrazinolysis of Diesters and Synthesis of N‐ Aminosuccinimide Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of a Keramamide. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements of Ether Alcohol Blends for Investigation on Reformulated Gas (2018)

New isothermal binary vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) systems of 1-pentanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 350.2, 360.2, and 370.2 K, methyl-tert-butyl-ether + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 307.2, 317.2, and 327.2 K, and methyl-tert-butyl-ether + 1-pentanol at 317.2 and 327.2 K were measured. The vapor–liquid equilibrium data were measured using a dynamic low pressure glass still. The experimental data were regressed using the γ–Φ approach (combined method) with the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models for description of the liquid phase nonideality. The virial equation of state with the Hayden and O’Connell correlation for the second virial coefficient was used to describe the vapor phase nonideality. The system of 2,2,4- trimethylpentane + 1-pentanol exhibited a minimum boiling azeotrope. The methyl-tert-butyl-ether + (2,2,4-trimethylpentane/1-pentanol) systems showed positive deviation from Raoult’s law. The aforementioned activity coefficient models correlated the experimental data well. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was determined using the point test of Van Ness and the Herrington area test.
Magnetic-domain-controlled vortex pinning in a superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer (2002)

Vortex pinning in a type-II superconducting Pb film covering a Co/Pt multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is investigated. Different stable magnetic-domain patterns like band and bubble domains can be created in the Co/Pt multilayer, clearly influencing the vortex pinning in the superconducting Pb layer. The most effective pinning is observed for the bubble domain state. We demonstrate that the pinning properties of the superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer can be controlled by tuning the size, density, and magnetization direction of the bubbles.
Intratesticular inoculation of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in chickens--production of neutralizing antibodies and lack of virus shedding into semen. (1997)

In order to investigate the possibility of producing transgenic chickens by injection of avian leukosis virus-based vectors into testis, we have analyzed the infection rate of testicular cells following inoculation of Rous-associated virus type 1 (RAV-1) into the gonads of adult and 1-wk-old brown leghorn males. Viroproduction, neutralizing antibody production, and vital DNA presence in testis, blood, muscle, and semen were analyzed at various times after infection. Inoculation of RAV-1 into the gonads of adult males resulted in a low level of viroproduction in testis and blood, followed by the appearance of neutralizing antibody 2 or 3 wk later. Neither viroproduction in semen nor viral DNA presence in sperm were detected even though the infected chickens were found to produce RAV-1 in testis. One week after intratesticular inoculation of 1-wk-old males with RAV-1, a high level of viroproduction was found in blood and testis, and viral DNA was detected in gonadal cells. Further, by 6 wk after inoculation, the production of virus decreased in all tissues, viral DNA could not longer be detected in the testis, and neutralizing antibodies appeared in blood. All together these data show that it is possible to infect testicular cells by direct inoculation of RAV-1 in the testis, and that the immune response of both adult and young chickens seems to reduce this infection. Moreover, no evidence of spermatozoa infection was found; this result suggests that RAV-1 inoculation into testis may not induce genetic transmission of virus, and consequently would not be useful in the production of transgenic chickens.
An improved method for the geometrical calibration of parallelogram-based parallel robots (2006)

This paper presents an improved method for the geometrical calibration of parallel robots for which the structure is based upon some parallelogram mechanisms. Its originality is to identify the complete geometry of the mechanism's parallelograms, and to compensate the positioning error of the TCP (tool centre point), due to the infinitesimal rotation of the traveling plate, induced by the parallelogram geometrical errors. The main difficulties are: (i) to derive the calibration model relative to all geometrical parameters, and (ii) to reuse the identified errors in a control model in order to compensate the positioning errors. In fact, the position relationship taking into account the full geometry of the parallelograms is difficult, not to say impossible, to derive in a close form; therefore a linear approximation of the model is proposed. The formulas necessary to run the method on a Delta robot are given. Then a simple mechanism is used to illustrate the benefits of this method compared to classical ones
Induction of antitumor immunity by proteasome-inhibited syngeneic fibroblasts pulsed with a modified TAA peptide (2000)

CTLs specific for tumor antigens play a major role in immunity against cancer. Improved binding affinity of putative TAA peptides could enhance the in vivo immunogenicity of these self-altered self- tumor antigens. We examined here the efficacy of tumor vaccines composed of an altered peptide ligand of MUT-1, designated MUT-D, which exhibited significantly higher class-I allele Kb binding affinity than its native counterpart MUT-1. The peptide was loaded on antigen presenting cells composed of the C57BL/6-syngeneic fibroblast cell line BLK.CL4. These cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor in order to shut off the degradation of proteins and the subsequent loading of endogenous peptides onto MHC class-I molecules, thus allowing for the pulsing of these cells with the modified peptide MUT-D. Proteasome-inhibited and modified peptide-loaded fibroblasts induced a peptide-specific CTL that significantly delayed primary tumor progression and protected the pre-immunized mice against the development of lung metastasis following the surgical removal of the primary tumor. Genetic modification of the fibroblasts to express the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2 did not improve the APC function of the modified cells, nor did it result in augmentation of the potency of the vaccine. Our results suggest that the proteasome-inhibited fibroblasts pulsed with modified, high binder tumor-associated antigen peptide are good antigen-presenting cells and represent an effective form of tumor vaccine. Int. J. Cancer 85:236–242, 2000. ©2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Procyclic Acidic Repetitive Protein (PARP) Genes Located in an Unusually Small α-Amanitin-Resistant Transcription Unit: PARP Promoter Activity Assayed by Transient DNA Transfection of Trypanosoma brucei (1990)

At least one of the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP or procyclin) loci of Trypanosoma brucei is a small (5- to 6-kilobase) polycistronic transcription unit which is transcribed in an alpha-amanitin-resistant manner. Its single promoter, as mapped by run-on transcription analysis and UV inactivation of transcription, is located immediately upstream of the first alpha-PARP gene. Transcription termination occurs in a region approximately 3 kilobases downstream of the beta-PARP gene. The location of the promoter was confirmed by its ability to direct transcription of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in insect-form (procyclic) T. brucei. The putative PARP promoter is located in the region between the 3' splice acceptor site (nucleotide position 0) and nucleotide position -196 upstream of the alpha-PARP genes. Regulatory regions influencing the levels of PARP expression may be located further upstream. We conclude that a single promoter, which is located very close to the 3' splice acceptor site of the alpha-PARP genes, directs the transcription of a small, polycistronic, and alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit.
Neighboring Group Interaction in the Reduction of 2,2'-Dinitro-4,4'-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-biphenyl (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeighboring Group Interaction in the Reduction of 2,2'-Dinitro-4,4'-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-biphenylSidney D. Ross and Irving KuntzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 5, 1297–1302Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01125a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01125a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromosomen (1988)

Die Chromosomen (griech.: chromos = Farbe, soma = Leib) tragen ihren Namen wegen ihrer Fähigkeit, bestimmte Farben aufzunehmen. Sie sind in allen kerntragenden Zellen vorhanden und enthalten die DNS mit ihrer Erbinformation. Wie die DNS mit ihren sauren und basischen Proteinen im Chromosom angeordnet ist, ist bisher nicht endgültig geklärt.
Sepsis induced changes of adipokines and cytokines - septic patients compared to morbidly obese patients (2010)

A comparable adipocytokine profile was determined in critically ill and MO patients. As in MO, SP showed reduced adiponectin levels and elevated MCP-1, active PAI-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 levels. Leptin is only elevated in MO, while resistin, IL-8, and TNF-alpha is only elevated in SP. As in MO patients, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and altered levels of adipokines may contribute to the development of insulin resistance in critically ill patients.
Notes- The Metalation of Diphenylferrocenylcarbinol (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- The Metalation of DiphenylferrocenylcarbinolRobert Benkeser, Walter Fitzgerald, and Marvin MelzerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2569–2571Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online4 March 2003Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a628https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a628research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of intercellular adhesion molecule‐2 in osteoclastogenesis (2012)

Osteoclasts, multinucleated bone-resorbing cells, are specialized cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Therefore, it is essential for mononuclear precursors to find a fusion partner during its differentiation. Our previous study showed an important role of cell communication via Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) during osteoclastogenesis. However, the counter receptor of Mac-1 was still unknown. Flow cytometric analysis showed that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, used as osteoclast precursors, expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and -2. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression level of ICAM-2 was higher than that of ICAM-1 in bone marrow cells. The osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) was inhibited by anti-ICAM-2 neutralizing antibody but not by anti-ICAM-1 neutralizing antibody. The inhibitory effect of anti-ICAM-2 antibody on osteoclastogenesis was enhanced by simultaneous treatment of anti-CD11b neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, osteoclastogenesis induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was also inhibited by anti-ICAM-2 neutralizing antibody. The involvement of lymphocytes in osteoclastogenesis was excluded, because anti-ICAM-2 antibody inhibited osteoclastogenesis using bone marrow-derived cells from immunodeficiency mice. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated colocalization of ICAM-2 and Mac-1 during osteoclastogenesis; however, Mac-1 immunoreactivity was lost in differentiated multinucleated osteoclast. These results suggest the important role of ICAM-2/Mac-1 binding in osteoclastogenesis induced by either RANKL or TNFα.
Controllable patterning and CVD growth of isolated carbon nanotubes with\n direct parallel writing of catalyst using Dip Pen Nanolithography (2010)

We report a process to fabricate carbon nanotubes (CNT) by chemical vapor\ndeposition at predetermined location. This process was enabled by patterning\ncatalyst nanoparticles directly on silicon substrates with nanometer-scale\nprecision using Dip Pen Nanolithography(R) (DPN(R)). A multi-pen writing method\nwas employed to increase the patterning rate. The development of new molecular\ninks for the deposition of the precursor catalyst resulted in a high yield of\nisolated carbon nanotubes, ideal for subsequent device fabrication. Here, we\ndemonstrate the advantages of the new method for producing high quality\nisolated CNT in scalable array geometries.\n
Nonlocal magnetoresistance due to Lorentz force in linear transport region in bulk silicon (2013)

Magnetoresistance (MR) of lightly doped bulk silicon has been studied in linear transport region. Both nonlocal and local MR results from deflection of in-plane transport of carriers by Lorentz force. However, nonlocal MR is nearly one order of magnitude larger than local one. We ascribe the enhanced nonlocal MR to polarity-conserved charges accumulated on boundaries near anode and cathode, which alters potential distribution and meanwhile increases current flowing in nonlocal region. This mechanism of nonlocal MR can be generalized to other materials with high or moderate mobility.
Photoexcitations in polycarbazolyldiacetylenes (1992)

We present the results of a photoinduced-absorption study carried out on an unsymmetrical polydiacetylene having a carbazolyl group directly bound to the acetylene moiety, i.e., poly-1(-N- carbazolyl)penta-1,3-diyn-5-acetoxy (polyCPDA). The absorption spectrum of microcrystalline samples in a KBr pellet shows a broad maximum at \ensuremath{\approxeq}2.2 eV. Photoexcitation of these samples at 2.54 eV gives rise to a luminescence emission from 1.4 to 2 eV with a maximum at \ensuremath{\approxeq}1.8 eV and two well-resolved photoinduced-absorption (PA) peaks at \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.45 and \ensuremath{\approxeq}1.1 eV. From the temperature, laser intensity, and chopper frequency dependence of the PA signals, we demonstrate that the dominant long-lived photocarriers are charged bipolarons formed by interchain charge separation. The lifetimes of the bipolarons in polyCPDA have been found of the order of seconds at 80 K. The intermolecular nature of the observed PA bands appears to be confirmed by the absence of any photoinduced signal in a solution of oligomers of the same polydiacetylene.
Differential involvement of the left frontal and temporal regions in verb naming: A tDCS treatment study (2013)

These findings further confirm that tDCS represents a useful new therapeutic interventions for the rehabilitation of lexical deficits in aphasic patients.
New Perspectives in the Pharmacology of Parenchimal Brain Anoxia-Ischemia (1995)

A series of events is thought to be involved in the process linking brain ischemia to neuronal degeneration, and has been shown to be susceptible to modulation by pharmacological agents. These pathogenic events include glutamate release and glutamate receptor activation, loss of Ca2+ homeostasis, free radical formation, and proton accumulation (acidosis): some of them may interact with each other in a sort of vicious cycle terminating in neuronal death. In animal models, various types of molecules with different mechanisms of action have been shown to reduce the volume of an infarct following middle cerebral artery occlusion or prevent the death of vulnerable cells following transient global ischemia. This implies that of all the neurodegenerative mechanisms that are active in ischemic areas, many can be effectively restricted by drug intervention. In this chapter we discuss the experimental use of glutamate receptor antagonists and that of compounds, like 7-Cl-thio-kynurenic acid, possessing a dual mechanism of action (glutamate receptor antagonist and free radical scavenger). Molecules interfering with different pathogenetic events in ischemic tissues may be regarded as interesting prototypes of new and effective anti-ischemic drugs.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VIVO TESTING OF RECONFIGURABLE NEURAL PROBES FOR CHRONIC ELECTRICAL RECORDING (2014)

We present the successful in vivo testing of a triggerable, reconfigurable neural probe designed to record neural activity in the central nervous system for extended periods of time. The probe consists of a thin polyimide-gold-polyimide sandwich structure that can be deflected prior to insertion to store mechanical energy. After inserting into the brain and waiting for the initial glial sheath to form, the device can be triggered, causing the recording tip of the device to penetrate into fresh tissue. Here we present the first in vivo triggering and acute electrical recordings from this device in the rodent motor cortex, demonstrating the essential device functionality.
SYNFORM ISSUE 2015/12 (2015)

issue closes the 2015 volume of SYNFORM with an outstanding combination of top-notch articles covering very different areas of organic synthesis. The first story offers an insight into the breakthrough methodology developed by M. Gagn (USA) who devised a straightforward way to convert renewable biomass (carbohydrates) into highly valuable chiral polyols that can be used as enantiopure building blocks in chemistry, including a number of previously undisclosed compounds. The second article covers a very interesting research published by E. Meggers (Germany) in the hot area of light-activated photoredox catalysis, and specifically an enantioselective -trichloromethylation of ketones carrying in -position a 2-imidazole or 2-pyridyl group catalyzed by a chiral iridium complex. The third contribution reports on a clever strategy developed by J. Zhou (Singapore) for achieving the direct stereocontrolled cyclopropylation of heterocycles from iodinated cyclopropanes by means of Pd catalysis. This issue -and this year of SYNFORM -is closed by a Young Career Focus that comes from a Baltic Country, Lithuania, a perfect place for a magic Christmas atmo sphere, and I. Cikotiene is our last protagonist. That's all for SYNFORM 2015, let me just wish you all a fantastic festive period and a successful and healthy 2016.
Expression and evolution of the Tiki1 and Tiki2 genes in vertebrates (2014)

Tiki1 is a Wnt protease and antagonist specifically expressed in the Spemann-Mangold Organizer and is required for head formation in Xenopus embryos. Here we report neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate Tiki genes and their mRNA expression patterns in chick, mouse, and rabbit embryos. Tiki1 and Tiki2 orthologues are highly conserved, and exhibit similar but also different developmental expression patterns among the vertebrate/mammalian species analyzed. The Tiki1 gene is noticeably absent in the rodent lineage, but is present in lagomorphs and all other vertebrate/mammalian species examined. Expression in Hensen's node, the equivalent of the Xenopus Organizer, was observed for Chick Tiki2 and Rabbit Tiki1 and Tiki2. Mouse Tiki2 was detected at low levels at gastrulation and head fold stages, but not in the node. Mouse Tiki2 and chick Tiki1 display similar expression in the dorsal spinal cord. Chick Tiki1 expression was also detected in the surface ectoderm and maxillary bud, while chick Tiki2 was found in the anterior intestinal portal, head mesenchyme and primitive atrium. Our expression analyses provide evidence that Tiki1 and Tiki2 are evolutionarily conserved among vertebrate species and their expression in the Organizer and other regions suggests contributions of these Wnt inhibitors to embryonic patterning, as well as organogenesis. Our analyses further reveal mis-regulation of TIKI1 and TIKI2 in human cancer and diseases.