gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The bHLH/Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factor SIM2 regulates muscle transcript myomesin2 via a novel, non-canonical E-box sequence (2008)

Despite a growing number of descriptive studies that show Single-minded 2 (Sim2) is not only essential for murine survival, but also upregulated in colon, prostate and pancreatic tumours, there is a lack of direct target genes identified for this basic helix-loop-helix/PAS transcription factor. We have performed a set of microarray experiments aimed at identifying genes that are differentially regulated by SIM2, and successfully verified that the Myomesin2 (Myom2) gene is SIM2-responsive. Although SIM2 has been reported to be a transcription repressor, we find that SIM2 induces transcription of Myom2 and activates the Myom2 promoter sequence when co-expressed with the heterodimeric partner protein, ARNT1, in human embryonic kidney cells. Truncation and mutation of the Myom2 promoter sequence, combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation studies in cells, has lead to the delineation of a non-canonical E-box sequence 5'-AACGTG-3' that is bound by SIM2/ARNT1 heterodimers. Interestingly, in immortalized human myoblasts knock down of Sim2 results in increased levels of Myom2 RNA, suggesting that SIM2 is acting as a repressor in these cells and so its activity is likely to be highly context dependent. This is the first report of a direct SIM2/ARNT1 target gene with accompanying analysis of a functional response element.
Syntheses of 1-N-(2-aminoethoxycarbonyl)kanamycin A and 1-N-(3-aminopropoxycarbonyl)kanamycin A. (1981)

Fourteen patients suffering from female genital organ infections including mastitis and urinary tract infections were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ). CPZ was administered intravenously or by drip infusion at a dose of 2.0-4.0 g/day for 3-7 days. Clinical results obtained were as follows: Of 8 patients with genital organ infections, excellent responses were seen in 2 patients, good responses in 5 patients. Of 3 patients with mastitis, good responses were seen in all the patients. Of 3 patients with pyelonephritis, excellent and good responses were seen in all the patients. No adverse effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. From the above results, we concluded that CPZ was an effective and safe antibiotic against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
Low-copper diet as a preventive strategy for Alzheimer's disease (2014)

Copper is an essential element, and either a copper deficiency or excess can be life threatening. Recent studies have indicated that alteration of copper metabolism is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In light of these findings, many researchers have proposed preventive strategies to reduce AD risk. Because the general population comes in contact with copper mainly through dietary intake, that is, food 75% and drinking water 25%, a low-copper diet can reduce the risk of AD in individuals with an altered copper metabolism. We suggest that a diet-gene interplay is at the basis of the "copper phenotype" of sporadic AD. Herein, we describe the pathways regulating copper homeostasis, the adverse sequelae related to its derangements, the pathogenic mechanism of the AD copper phenotype, indications for a low-copper diet, and future perspectives to improve this preventive strategy.
Topographic Electroencephalographic Study of Cerebral Infarction Using Computed Mapping of the EEG (1982)

Computed mapping of the electroencephalogram (CME) is a newly developed method using a microcomputer system that displays the scalp topograph as the square roots of the average power spectra over each EEG frequency band on a color television screen. This new device has been employed in an examination of functional lesions in 20 patients with aphasia due to cerebral infarction. The results were compared with those of computer tomography (CT) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies using intracarotid 133Xe. A high-voltage focus of slow components and an asymmetrical distribution of alpha activity were regarded as signs of functional lesions on CME. Twelve patients showed high-voltage foci and six showed asymmetrical alpha activity on CME, which correlated well with the lesions on CT and/or rCBF studies. Especially in patients with motor aphasia, CME demonstrated the abnormality in advance of the appearance of a low-density area on CT. Compared with conventional EEG interpretation, CME is very useful in topographic and objective diagnosis of functional lesions, although the source of the data is the same as for the conventional EEG.
HRTEM Determination of Cubic GaN Formation in MBE Grown Mn/GaN Films (2003)

Group-III nitride semiconductors have attracted ample attention due to their applications in blue lasers, light emitting diodes, high temperature electronics and spintronics. The energy gap of 2H wurtzite nitrides covers the entire visible spectrum, motivating work on bandgap engineering via controlled growth of AlGaInN alloys. Group-III nitrides also crystallize in 3C zinc blende structure with very different physical and electronic properties. Hence an alternative route to bandgap engineering may be through synthesizing superlattices of hexagonal (h) and cubic (c) polytypes with controlled modulation of the superlattice periodicity. If such superlattice structures can be materialized, a new class of materials can be created with controllable bandgap, while evading the phase separation problem that limits bandgap engineering through composition modulation. We have recently demonstrated the first synthesis of an h-GaN/c-GaN/h-GaN heterostructure, inducing the growth of the cubic phase by Mn multilayer delta doping Here we report the microscopy study that enabled the determination of this structure.
3‐Triethylsilyloxypentadienyllithium, a Versatile 1,3‐Diene‐ or Vinyl Ketone‐Building Block (1981)

Abstract Deprotonation of the 3‐trialkylsilyloxy‐1,4‐diene 3a and subsequent electrophilic substitution of the non‐isolated 3‐trialkylsilyoxypentadienyllithium 4 gives the α‐ and γ‐products 8 and/or 6 in good yields. Whereas alkylation of 4 proceeds with variable regioselectivity (Table 1) aldehydes and ketones attack preferentially the γ‐position of 4 (Table 2) . The desired γ‐products 6 may be directly subjected to inter‐ and intramolecular [4 + 2]‐additions as demonstrated by the reactions 5a ( 6d ) → 7 and 6h → 19 (Schemes 4 and 12 ). Alternatively, smooth fluoride‐promoted silylether‐cleavage 6 → 11 (Scheme 8) provides a convenient approach to substituted vinyl ketones such as to the natural products 11f (Table 3) . The stereoselective conversion 6k → 23 (Scheme 13) implies an endo ‐selective intramolecular Diels‐Alder addition ( 26 → 23 ) and exemplifies the use of 4 as an equivalent of the hypothetical anion IV . Furthermore, some electrophilic substitutions of the hexadienyllithium 15 have been studied (Scheme 10) .
Heat conduction in a two‐dimensional spherulite (1977)

Abstract The anisotropy of thermal conduction in a spherulite is calculated for a two‐phase model. The problem of the temperature distribution due to cooling of a spherulite suddenly heated at one point is solved. An analytical result is given and isothermal contours are calculated for wide ranges of thermal conduction anisotropy and cooling time. Experiments with spot‐heated isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) and isotactic polystyrene (i‐PS) spherulites were conducted using a laser pulse and a needle as heat sources. The isotherms were recorded using a thin coating of a heat‐sensitive indicator substance, and then by comparison with theoretical isotherm patterns the heat conduction anisotropy of a PP spherulite was estimated. Additional measurements of heat conduction coefficients of at least two polymer films characterized by different crystallinity permit calculation of the thermal conductivity of the amorphous phase, and the conductivities of single crystals along chains and perpendicular to the chains. The results show that the heat is transferred mainly along the primary bonds of polymer chains. However, the morphology of sperulites and lamellas plays an important role.
Disorders of Brain and Mind (2003)

In recent years there have been major advances in areas of clinical neuroscience including neurogenetics, neuroimaging and the scientific study of consciousness. Disorders of Brain and Mind II brings together the most important findings since the previous volume was published in 1998. In this entirely new collection of articles, the scope is again wide. Imaging of the normal and abnormal mind figures prominently, and there is also coverage of genes and behaviour, brain development, consciousness and aggression. New disease-orientated chapters detail recent advances in dementia, affective illness and drug use and abuse. Clinical chapters are paired with those describing neuropathology or experimental models of the disease in question. The distinguished editors have assembled an authoritative team of contributors from the fields of psychiatry, clinical and cognitive neuroscience, and psychology. This book will appeal to anyone who has a clinical or scientific interest in the mind and its disorders.
Development of a calcium alginate tympanostomy tube (2010)

Alginate TTs appear to be a good alternative to commercial tubes based on high mechanical strength and low occlusion propensity. Furthermore, unlike commercial TTs, alginate TTs have the potential to be dissolved in vivo if retained.
Wobbly types: type inference for generalised algebraic data types∗ (2004)

Generalised algebraic data types (GADTs), sometimes known as &quot;guarded recursive data types&quot; or &quot;first-class phantom types&quot;, are a simple but powerful generalisation of the data types of Haskell and ML. Recent works have given compelling examples of the utility of GADTs, although type inference is known to be difficult.
Phloem Glutamine and the Regulation of O2 Diffusion in Legume Nodules (1997)

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the N content or the composition of the phloem sap that supplies nodulated roots may play a role in the feedback regulation of nitrogenase activity by increasing nodule resistance to O2 diffusion. Treating shoots of lupin (Lupinus albus cv Manitoba) or soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Maple Arrow) with 100 [mu]L L-1 NH3 caused a 1.3-fold (lupin) and 2.6-fold (soybean) increase in the total N content of phloem sap without altering its C content. The increase in phloem N was due primarily to a 4.8-fold (lupin) and 10.5-fold (soybean) increase in the concentration of glutamine N. In addition, there was a decline in both the apparent nitrogenase activity and total nitrogenase activity that began within 4 h and reached about 54% of its initial activity within 6 h of the start of the NH3 treatment. However, the potential nitrogenase activity values in the treated plants were not significantly different from those of the control plants. These results provide evidence that changes in the N composition of the phloem sap, particularly the glutamine content, may increase nodule resistance to O2 diffusion and, thereby, down-regulate nodule metabolism and nitrogenase activity by controlling the supply of O2 to the bacteria-infected cells.
Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aminopyrazines: FeCl<sub>3</sub>‐Promoted Condensation of Hydroxyiminoketones with Aminoacetonitriles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Temporal and spectral dependences of the anisotropic dielectric responses of singular and vicinal (001) GaAs surfaces during interrupted molecular-beam epitaxy growth (1989)

We determine the temporal evolution of the real and imaginary parts of the anisotropic components of the surface dielectric responses Δ(εd) of singular and vicinal GaAs surfaces on interruption of the As flux during otherwise normal growth by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The measurement of dielectric, rather than simply reflectance, anisotropies is made possible by a new, essentially strain-free quartz window that not only extends our spectral range but also allows relative phases as well as amplitudes to be measured for near-normal incidence reflectances along [110] and [1̄10]. Data are obtained in 0.1-eV increments from 1.5 to 5.5 eV for a singular (001) surface and for vicinal surfaces 6° off (001) toward (111)A and (111)B, respectively. The observed temporal evolutions are approximately piecewise linear or exponential, indicating that each surface passes through several distinct phases before arriving at its final Ga-stabilized condition. Nearly exponential initial transients with time constants of &lt;1 s are interpreted as evaporation of excess As present during growth. A supersaturation phase transition is observed for the vicinal surface 6° off (001) toward (111)A. Spectra constructed from these transients show optical structures at 1.8–1.9. 2.5, and 4.1 eV that, because they are already well developed at 1 s, can be related to the initial As excess. The change in Δ(εd) that occurs between 2 and 5 s for the singular surface is similar to the Δ(εd) spectrum of Ga–Ga dimers, which is calculated here in a tight-binding approximation.
Science and technology of zirconia II. Volume 12 (1983)

This book is a comprehensive review of current understanding of zirconia-based ceramics. The 76 papers comprise six sections including phase transformations and phase stability, mechanical aspects of transformation toughening, microstructural aspects of transformation toughening, structural and other applications, electrolytic properties and applications, and processing.
Long-term Effects of Multiple Glucocorticoid Exposures in Neonatal Mice (2011)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX) or betamethasone are repeatedly administered for up to a month to prematurely born infants as a treatment for chronic lung dysfunction. Results of clinical trials have shown that the use of GCs in these infants induces long-term deficits in neuromotor function and cognition. We have previously shown that a single exposure to clinically relevant doses of DEX or other GCs in the mouse during a period corresponding to the human perinatal period produces a dramatic increase in apoptotic cell death of neural progenitor cells in the developing cerebellum. To provide a model approximating more chronic clinical dosing regimens, we evaluated possible behavioral effects resulting from repeated exposures to DEX and subsequent GC-induced neuronal loss where neonatal mouse pups were injected with 3.0 mg/kg DEX or saline on postnatal days 7, 9, and 11 (DEX3 treatment). Adult, DEX3-treated mice exhibited long-term, possibly permanent, neuromotor deficits on a complex activity wheel task, which requires higher-order motor co-ordination skills. DEX3 mice exhibited impaired performance on this task relative to saline controls in each of two independent studies involving separate cohorts of mice. Histopathology studies utilizing stereological neuronal counts conducted in behaviorally-tested mice showed that the DEX3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the internal granule layer (IGL) of the cerebellum, although the number of neurons in the Purkinje cell layer were unchanged. The results suggest that multiple neonatal DEX exposures can produce chronic deficits in fine motor co-ordination that are associated with cerebellar IGL neuronal loss.
In Vitro Relaxation of Phenylephrine- and Angiotensin II-Contracted Aortic Rings by β-Estradiol (1994)

In vivo studies suggest that 17 beta-estradiol (beta E) may regulate vascular tone. Results of recent studies suggest that beta E exerts rapid effects on intracellular calcium, possibly via cell surface receptors, distinct from conventional nuclear receptors for steroids. The present study was designed to determine whether beta E acutely modifies vascular smooth muscle contractile responses to phenylephrine (PE) and angiotensin II (AII). In experiments on tonic responses of aortic rings to 5 x 10(-8) mol/L PE, cumulative additions of beta E reduced tension at concentrations > 10(-6) mol/L. Contractile dose responses to PE were determined in rat aortic rings in absence of sex hormones and then after exposure to beta E (5 x 10(-6) mol/L, n = 6) or vehicle (ETOH, n = 6) for 30 min. beta E increased ED50 and reduced maximal responses. Application of 5 x 10(-6) mol/L beta E for 30 min also reduced the contractile response to 1 mmol/L AII from 69 +/- 4% (vehicle) to 47 +/- 6% (estradiol) of maximal KCl contraction (P < .025, n = 7). These data suggest that beta E acutely attenuates vasoconstrictor responses to PE as well as to AII, possibly by an effect exerted at the cell membrane level.
Interaction between dynamics and chemistry of ozone in the setup phase of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex (2002)

The morphology and evolution of the stratospheric ozone (O 3 ) distribution at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are examined for the late summer and fall seasons of 1999. This time period sets the O 3 initial condition for the SOLVE/THESEO field mission performed during winter 1999/2000. In situ and satellite data are used along with a three‐dimensional model of chemistry and transport (CTM) to determine the key processes that control the distribution of O 3 in the lower‐to‐middle stratosphere. O 3 in the vortex at the beginning of the winter season in late November is found to be nearly constant from 500 to above 800 K with a value at 3 ppmv ± ∼10%. Values outside the vortex above 550 K are up to a factor of 2 higher and increase significantly with potential temperature. The seasonal time series of data from POAM shows that the relatively low O 3 mixing ratios, which characterize the vortex in late November, are already present at high latitudes at the end of summer in mid‐September before the vortex circulation sets up. Analysis of the CTM output shows that the minimum O 3 and increase in variance in the middle stratosphere in late summer are the result of (1) stirring of polar concentric O 3 gradients by nascent wave‐driven transport and (2) an acceleration of net photochemical loss with decreasing solar illumination. The segregation of low O 3 mixing ratios into the vortex as the circulation strengthens through the fall suggests a possible feedback role between O 3 chemistry and the vortex formation dynamics that may need to be better understood in order to make confident predictions of the recovery of NH O 3 at high latitudes.
Lyapunov stability, semistability, and asymptotic stability of matrix second-order systems (2005)

This paper provides a self-contained, unified and extended treatment of the stability of matrix second-order systems. The results we obtain encompass numerous results from prior literature in addition'to several new results. Specifically, in addition to obtaining necessary and sufficient conditions for Lyapunov and asymptotic stability, we consider the case of semistability. Semistability is of particular interest in the analysis of vibrating systems in that it represents the case of "damped rigid body modes", that is, systems that eventually come to rest, although not necessarily at a specified equilibrium point. This paper presents the first treatment of semistability for matrix second-order systems.
Deoxyribonucleic acid and outer membrane: strains diploid for the oriC region show elevated levels of deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein and evidence for specific binding of the oriC region to outer membrane (1979)

We have recently reported that part of the chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Escherichia coli is associated with the outer membrane fraction and that an outer membrane protein having a molecular weight of 31,000 probably is involved in this association (H. Wolf-Watz and A. Norqvist, J. Bacteriol. 140:43-49, 1979). We have now found that F' merodiploid strains containing two copies of the DNA between bglB and ilv have increased levels of this protein and an increased amount of DNA in their outer membranes. Increased levels of the protein are also found when lambda asn phage, containing at 1.5-megadalton fragment of DNA located to the right of the uncA uncB genes but to the left of oriC, are induced. It therefore seems that this 1.5-megadalton fragment of DNA either codes for or binds to the 31,000-dalton outer membrane protein. Hybridization studies utilizing DNA found to be bound to outer membrane and DNA isolated from a specialized transducing phage lambda asn 132 revealed that at least 5 to 10% of outer membrane DNA has a DNA sequence homologous with a chromosomal segment carried by this oriC-containing phage.
Cation site distribution in clinochlores: a NIR approach (2003)

Abstract A near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy approach was undertaken to collect information on the Al cationic distribution in tetrahedral and octahedral sites in natural chlorite (clinochlore) samples. Structural formulae were established using electron microprobe and Mössbauer spectroscopy. A band located near 7115 cm –1 was attributed to the overtone of OH fundamental stretching mode of Mg 2 AlOH and increases with the total Al amount. Good correlation was obtained between the (SiAl)O–OH vibration band area and tetrahedral Al content, making it easy to partition Al (and thus Fe 3+ ) between octahedral and tetrahedral sites.
Experimental Catheter Obstruction of the Gastric Coronary Vein (1975)

Experimental catheter obstruction of the left gastric (coronary) vein was explored in 10 dogs. Using a transjugular approach, the liver was punctured and the portal vein catheterized. Coaxially introduced catheters were then used to catheterize selectively and produce an intravascular obstruction (tamponade) of the gastric coronary vein. Ballon catheters were used for a temporary occlusion. Injection of a tissue adhesive, isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate, was used for a definitive obliteration. The achieved results show the anatomical feasibility of this approach and give good perspective for development of a clinical method for percutaneous intravascular tamponade of the bleeding gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotics.
Characterization of field stitching in electron-beam lithography using moiré metrology (2000)

We describe a method for characterizing field stitching in e-beam lithography systems. The method, which is based upon the moiré principle, enables one to measure interfield stitching errors to the nanometer level using only a conventional optical microscope. The technique is more sensitive than the commonly used vernier method, and it does not require the use of a coordinate-measuring tool. Our experiments show that this technique can determine the interfield stitching to within 2 nm.
EACVI survey on the multi-modality imaging assessment of the right heart (2022)

Echocardiography remains the most frequently used imaging modality for the evaluation of the right heart, while the use of other imaging techniques, most notably CMR, is increasing.
Can Nonprivate Channels Transmit Quantum Information? (2009)

We study the power of quantum channels with little or no capacity for private communication. Because privacy is a necessary condition for quantum communication, one might expect that such channels would be of little use for transmitting quantum states. Nevertheless, we find strong evidence that there are pairs of such channels that, when used together, can transmit far more quantum information than the sum of their individual private capacities. Because quantum transmissions are necessarily private, this would imply a large violation of additivity for the private capacity. Specifically, we present channels which display either (1) a large joint quantum capacity but very small individual private capacities or (2) a severe violation of additivity for the Holevo information.