gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of Bacterial Communities to Different Detritus Compositions in Arctic Deep-Sea Sediments (2017)

Benthic deep-sea communities are largely dependent on particle flux from surface waters. In the Arctic Ocean, environmental changes occur more rapidly than in other ocean regions, and have major effects on the export of organic matter to the deep sea. Because bacteria constitute the majority of deep-sea benthic biomass and influence global element cycles, it is important to better understand how changes in organic matter input will affect bacterial communities at the Arctic seafloor. In a multidisciplinary <i>ex situ</i> experiment, benthic bacterial deep-sea communities from the Long-Term Ecological Research Observatory HAUSGARTEN were supplemented with different types of habitat-related detritus (chitin, Arctic algae) and incubated for 23 days under <i>in situ</i> conditions. Chitin addition caused strong changes in community activity, while community structure remained similar to unfed control incubations. In contrast, the addition of phytodetritus resulted in strong changes in community composition, accompanied by increased community activity, indicating the need for adaptation in these treatments. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA revealed distinct taxonomic groups of potentially fast-growing, opportunistic bacteria in the different detritus treatments. Compared to the unfed control, <i>Colwelliaceae, Psychromonadaceae</i>, and <i>Oceanospirillaceae</i> increased in relative abundance in the chitin treatment, whereas <i>Flavobacteriaceae, Marinilabiaceae</i>, and <i>Pseudoalteromonadaceae</i> increased in the phytodetritus treatments. Hence, these groups may constitute indicator taxa for the different organic matter sources at this study site. In summary, differences in community structure and in the uptake and remineralization of carbon in the different treatments suggest an effect of organic matter quality on bacterial diversity as well as on carbon turnover at the seafloor, an important feedback mechanism to be considered in future climate change scenarios.
Wood production, wood technology, and biotechnological impacts (2007)

In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Attenuated Strains of <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (2010)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant respiratory and reproductive pathogen of domestic poultry. While the complete genomic sequence of the virulent, low-passage M. gallisepticum strain R (R(low)) has been reported, genomic determinants responsible for differences in virulence and host range remain to be completely identified. Here, we utilize genome sequencing and microarray-based comparative genomic data to identify these genomic determinants of virulence and to elucidate genomic variability among strains of M. gallisepticum. Analysis of the high-passage, attenuated derivative of R(low), R(high), indicated that relatively few total genomic changes (64 loci) occurred, yet they are potentially responsible for the observed attenuation of this strain. In addition to previously characterized mutations in cytadherence-related proteins, changes included those in coding sequences of genes involved in sugar metabolism. Analyses of the genome of the M. gallisepticum vaccine strain F revealed numerous differences relative to strain R, including a highly divergent complement of vlhA surface lipoprotein genes, and at least 16 genes absent or significantly fragmented relative to strain R. Notably, an R(low) isogenic mutant in one of these genes (MGA_1107) caused significantly fewer severe tracheal lesions in the natural host compared to virulent M. gallisepticum R(low). Comparative genomic hybridizations indicated few genetic loci commonly affected in F and vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85, which would correlate with proteins affecting strain R virulence. Together, these data provide novel insights into inter- and intrastrain M. gallisepticum genomic variability and the genetic basis of M. gallisepticum virulence.
Effect of Actin Concentration on the Structure of Actin-Containing Liposomes (2004)

Liposomes encapsulating monomeric actin (G-actin) were produced via extrusion through 400 and 600 nm pore diameter polycarbonate membranes in low ionic strength buffer (G-buffer). After actin-containing liposomes were subjected to high ionic strength polymerization buffer (F-buffer), morphological changes in the structure of actin-containing liposomes were studied using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AFFF) coupled with multiangle static light scattering (MASLS). The general shape of these liposomes was initially determined by fitting three form factors, which describe the angular distribution of scattered light from a spherical thin shell, thin disk, and thin rod, to the experimentally measured light scattering spectra to regress the dimensions of the liposomes corresponding to the proposed geometry. Light scattering spectra that yielded a best fit to the thin disk model were analyzed further and fit to the ellipsoidal of revolution form factor to regress both the major and minor axis dimensions. The results of this analysis showed that actin-containing liposomes extruded through 400 and 600 nm pore diameter membranes in F-buffer, at a low actin concentration (0.1 mg/mL), assumed a spherical shape, which is also the case for plain liposomes (no actin present) in G-buffer and F-buffer. When the actin concentration was increased to 1 mg/mL, the polymerizing actin filaments stretched the initially spherical liposome into a disklike shape. However, when the actin concentration was further increased to 5 mg/mL, the liposomes reverted back to a spherical shape.
A system for the complementary visualization of 3D volume images using 2D and 3D binaurally processed sonification representations (1996)

Typically, feedback from analysis of three-dimensional volume image structures are presented in the visual domain. This ignores the potential for complementary analysis of feedback in the aural domain. This paper presents a system in which visualization of a volume image may be enhanced through representation of the voxel structure by a sound sequence (termed a 'sonification') in which a sequence of sound signals is generated by the mapping of voxel values to pitch, amplitude, timing and other acoustic parameters according to the design of the selected sound instrument(s). Stereo audio or spatial audio processing techniques are employed to enhance the perception of the representative sonification as emanating from the visual loci of the associated voxel.
Cueing and Logical Problem Solving in Brain Trauma Rehabilitation: Frequency Patterns in Clinician and Patient Behaviors (2003)

Frequencies (count per minute) of patient and therapist behaviors during rehabilitation sessions after traumatic brain injury were tracked in order to evaluate an intervention curriculum and the effects of cueing. Frequencies of correct solutions to logical problems and other verbal tasks during speech-language treatments were measured for an adult male with memory impairments and impulsivity who underwent inpatient rehabilitation 14 months after severe traumatic brain injury. Daily frequency of cues by the clinician during the patient’s logic exercises also was measured. These behaviors were recorded each treatment session for 14 weeks. Simple plots of the behavior frequencies were maintained by the clinician on standardized semi-log graph paper. The patient’s performance in solving logical problems improved measurably but gradually. Day-to-day predictability of patient performance was seen, as was predictability in cueing by the clinician. Celerations (trends measured as changes in count per minute per week) in the clinician’s cueing were inversely related to celerations in the patient’s logical problem solving, a pattern evident through multiple reversals. Data from other verbal performance tasks showed no general improvement, nor any pattern of variability paralleling the data on logical problem solving. The data suggest that, for clients with brain trauma, routine continuous measurement of frequencies of behavior may facilitate clinical application of experimental analysis and intervention techniques to improve performance. Measuring the frequency of clinician behavior can help identify the events and conditions that control aspects of patient behavior. Frequency measurement has also been used in physical therapy and occupational therapy, and it is suggested that this method be examined as a common data language for use across rehabilitation disciplines. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction and Identification of Membrane Fouling Mechanism in a Membrane Bioreactor Using a Combined Mechanistic Model (2013)

Membrane fouling phenomenon in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process is too complex and cannot be described by a single mechanistic fouling model. To describe the complex and combined phenomena of different fouling mechanisms in the MBR process, a combined fouling model developed by considering several mechanistic fouling models is necessary. Therefore, in this paper, a combined mechanistic fouling model is proposed by combining four constant-flow rate blocking mechanisms. The values of root-mean-square errors are used to compare the prediction accuracies of the combined and single mechanistic fouling models for two data sets taken from a pilot-scale MBR plant. The combined mechanistic model shows better prediction capability, because it reflects the combined effect of several fouling mechanisms. In addition, to identify the most dominant fouling mechanism, multiple regression analysis is applied on the combined mechanistic model. It confirms that, as the MBR operation progressed, the membrane fouling is extensively progressed from the intermediate blocking to cake filtration.
Synthetic peptide from lipocortin I has no phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> inhibitory activity (1989)

Two anti-inflammatory peptides corresponding to a high amino acid similarity region between lipocortins were synthesized and tested on their ability to inhibit porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2. Kinetic assays using monomeric and aggregated phospholipids did not reveal any phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. The peptides did not inhibit phospholipase A2 activity on monolayers of negatively charged substrate and did not prevent phospholipase A2 action on mixed micelles of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and sodiumdeoxycholate. Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy did not show binding of the peptides to phospholipase A2. Therefore we conclude that these anti-inflammatory peptides do not inhibit pancreatic phospholipase A2 in vitro, in contrast to the results recently published [(1988) Nature 335, 726-730].
Echogenic Technology Can Improve Needle Visibility During Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia (2011)

Needle tip visualization is fundamental to the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA). It can be extremely challenging especially at steep insertion angles. We assessed whether an echogenic needle improved tip visibility during UGRA by anesthesiologists performing their normal in-plane technique. The visibility of the Pajunk Sonoplex (echogenic) and the Pajunk Uniplex (control) needle were compared during 60 nerve blocks (30 femoral, 30 sciatic) in this randomized controlled trial. All ultrasound imaging was recorded for analysis. The anesthesiologist subjectively estimated the percentage time they had visualized the needle tip (5-point scale: 1 [0%-20%], 2 [20%-40%], 3 [40%-60%], 4 [60%-80%], 5 [80%-100%]). The actual time the tip was in view, angle of needle insertion, target depth, and procedure time were subsequently measured objectively by a single investigator. The Sonoplex group had both subjectively and objectively better tip visibility (P=0.002), despite having larger mean body mass index (29.0 vs 25.0 kg/m(2), P=0.01) and steeper mean insertion angle (31 vs 22 degrees, P=0.03). Objective percentage tip visibility, during in-plane UGRA, reduced by 12% for every 10-degree increase in insertion angle with the control. Tip visibility with the Sonoplex was independent of insertion angle over the range studied (0-57 degrees, P=0.95). This finding occurred when nonexpert anesthesiologists performed their standard UGRA technique. A needle that is visible for a greater percentage of time has potential safety and efficacy implications.
Chemistry of benzene-anthracene cyclodimers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of benzene-anthracene cyclodimersNien Chu C. Yang, Ming Jang Chen, and Peter ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 24, 7310–7315Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00336a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00336a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views760Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of M2 muscarinic receptor–receptor interaction by immunoglobulin G antibodies from Chagas' disease patients (2011)

Circulating immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies against M(2) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M(2) mAChR) have been implicated in Chagas' disease (ChD) pathophysiology. These antibodies bind to and activate their target receptor, displaying agonist-like activity through an unclear mechanism. This study tested the ability of serum anti-M(2) mAChR antibodies from chronic ChD patients to modulate M(2) muscarinic receptor-receptor interaction by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells co-expressing fusion proteins M(2) mAChR-Renilla luciferase (RLuc) and M(2) mAChR-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) were exposed to the serum IgG fraction from ChD patients, and BRET between RLuc and YFP was assessed by luminometry. Unlike serum IgG from healthy subjects and conventional muscarinic ligands, ChD IgG promoted a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the BRET signal. This effect neither required cellular integrity nor occurred as a consequence of receptor activation. Enhancement of M(2) receptor-receptor interaction by ChD IgG was receptor subtype-specific and mediated by the recognition of the second extracellular loop of the M(2) mAChR. The monovalent Fab fragment derived from ChD IgG was unable to reproduce the effect of the native immunoglobulin. However, addition of ChD Fab in the presence of anti-human Fab IgG restored BRET-enhancing activity. These data suggest that the modulatory effect of ChD IgG on M(2) receptor-receptor interaction results from receptor cross-linking by bivalent antibodies.
Principles of distributed computing (2000)

The Distributed Computing Column covers the theory of systems that are composed of a number of interacting computing elements. These include problems of communication and networking, databases, distributed shared memory, multiprocessor architectures, operating systems, verification, internet, and the web.This is the first Distributed Computing Column that I have edited. It consists of four sections: A few thoughts on the role of distributed computing theory, a reprint of the PODC 2000 Influential-Paper Award to statement, a review of the PODC 2000 Conference, and a summary of a paper on robotics presented at the conference. The column concludes with some news and acknowledgments.
Structure of a Low Molecular Weight Form of Glycogen Isolated from the Liver in a Case of Glycogen Storage Disease (1972)

Abstract An incompletely branched, low molecular weight form of glycogen has been isolated from liver tissue of a patient with glycogen storage disease. Digestion with pullulanase and β-amylase, oxidation by periodate, Smith degradation, spectral studies of the iodine complexes, osmotic pressure measurements, and end group analysis gave results which indicate a molecular weight range of 8,000 to 15,000 with an average chain length of 17 to 18 glucose units per branch point. The substance was found in heart and kidney tissues in addition to liver. In an attempt to evaluate the role of branching enzyme in the disease, it was found that the branching enzyme was not stable in normal frozen liver and disappeared with a half-life of about 5 weeks. Clinical, chemical, and pathological factors in this case were similar to those previously reported in the case of glycogen storage disease type IV.
Detection of temporal gaps in sinusoids: Effects of frequency and level (1993)

Thresholds for the detection of gaps in sinusoidal signals were measured as a function of frequency (100-2000 Hz) and level (25-85 dB SPL) in 11 normally hearing subjects. The sinusoids were presented in a background noise intended to mask spectral splatter associated with the gap. In a separate experiment, auditory filter shapes and detection efficiency were estimated for the same 11 subjects using the notched-noise method, at center frequencies of 100, 200, 400, and 800 Hz. Gap thresholds varied only slightly with frequency over the range 400-2000 Hz, but increased markedly at 200 and 100 Hz. At all center frequencies, gap thresholds were almost invariant with level for levels above 55 dB SPL. Gap thresholds increased at low levels, reaching values about 50% greater than their asymptotic values at a sensation level of about 20 dB. The decrease in auditory filter bandwidth with decreasing center frequency does not seem sufficient to account for the increase in gap thresholds. Also, individual gap thresholds at a given center frequency were not significantly correlated with the bandwidth of the auditory filter at that center frequency, as would be expected if the auditory filter played a role in limiting gap detection. Detection efficiency decreased with decreasing center frequency. Individual differences in detection efficiency were significantly correlated with gap thresholds. However, changes in detection efficiency with frequency do not seem to be of the right form to account for the increase in gap thresholds at low frequencies. It seems likely that there is a central sliding temporal integrator which integrates over longer times at lower center frequencies.
Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty (2006)

Surgical anatomy suggests that in humans the CS is located behind the left atrial wall at a significant distance from the mitral valve annulus. Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty devices probably shrink the mitral valve annulus only by an indirect traction mediated by the left atrial wall; a theoretical risk of compressing coronary artery branches exists. Chronic studies are needed to address this problem and to determine long-term efficacy of such methods.
FrontPage 2003: The Missing Manual (2005)

In today's highly connected world, almost everybody has a web site, from local sewing circles to the world's largest corporations. If you're ready for one of your own, Microsoft's FrontPage 2003 has everything you need to create Web pages. It's true. Your geek friends may howl in contempt if you use FrontPage, but that's because the program has a reputation for spitting out cookie-cutter Web pages with messy, overloaded HTML code that takes forever to load. Not any more. After listening to complaints, Microsoft has given FrontPage 2003 some pretty advanced features, including an HTML cleanup tool that helps alleviate bloated code, and new support for Macromedia Flash and XML. Now, savvy Web veterans can control as much of the process as they want, and even collaborate on a site with developers who use Dreamweaver, GoLive or other Web authoring tools. Yet, unlike those other tools, FrontPage 2003 still has automated features for beginners who don't know where to start.There's still one flaw, though. Microsoft's idea of a user manual is a flimsy pamphlet. But that's easily solved. FrontPage 2003: The Missing Manual offers you everything from the basics to meaty sections on advanced tasks. Our book puts the program's features in context, with clear and thorough chapters that provide valuable shortcuts, workarounds, and just plain common sense, no matter where you weigh in on the technical scale. With it, you can learn to build simple Web pages, or sophisticated ones with tables and Cascading Style Sheets, and find out how to manage and publish a Web site. You'll also learn to create forms, work with databases, and integrate FrontPage with Microsoft Office.If you haven't worked with Web pages before, each chapter provides Up to Speed sidebars with useful background information. If you do have experience, the Power Users' Clinic sidebars offer advanced tips and insights. You won't find tips like those in the pamphlet, or even in the Help file. FrontPage: The Missing Manual gives you the complete lowdown on the program above and beyond any book on the market.
Nitrogen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Silicon Carbide in the CO3.0 Meteorite ALHA 77307, a NanoSIMS Study (2004)

Presolar grains have been identified in primitive members of all chondrite classes [1, 2]. The study of the isotopic compositions of presolar grains provides information on galactic evolution and nucleosynthesis in stars [3, 4], while the abundances and characteristics of presolar grains contain a record of thermal processing in the solar system [2, 5]. Much of the detailed work on presolar silicon carbide grains has focused on Murchison [e.g., 2] and Orgueil [4], but several other carbonaceous [6, 7], ordinary, and enstatite chondrites [8-11] have also been studied. This study investigates the isotopic composition of silicon carbide from the CO3.0 carbonaceous chondrites ALHA77307 and Colony. SiC is present in ALHA77307 at a matrix normalized abundance of ~8.8 ppm [5], which is approximately twice the abundance of Colony [5], but less than in CI chondrites and the matrices of CM and primitive ordinary and enstatite chondrites [3]. The abundances of SiC and other presolar grains in ALHA77307 seem to correlate with the degree of chemical processing that produced CO3 chondrites [2, 5]. This implies that the same nebular processing that produced the bulk composition of the CO3 chondrite class also modified the assemblage of known presolar grains [5]. To test whether all chondrite classes originated from the same reservoir of presolar dust it is necessary to look for primary differences, not related to thermal processing, between SiC in CO3 chondrites and other chondritic meteorites.