gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel three‐component system‐based regulatory model for <scp>d</scp>‐xylose sensing and transport in <scp><i>C</i></scp><i>lostridium beijerinckii</i> (2014)

D-Xylose is the most abundant fermentable pentose in nature and can serve as a carbon source for many bacterial species. Since D-xylose constitutes the major component of hemicellulose, its metabolism is important for lignocellulosic biomass utilization. Here, we report a six-protein module for D-xylose signaling, uptake and regulation in solvent-producing Clostridium beijerinckii. This module consists of a novel 'three-component system' (a putative periplasmic ABC transporter substrate-binding protein XylFII and a two-component system LytS/YesN) and an ABC-type D-xylose transporter XylFGH. Interestingly, we demonstrate that, although XylFII harbors a transmembrane domain, it is not involved in D-xylose transport. Instead, XylFII acts as a signal sensor to assist the response of LytS/YesN to extracellular D-xylose, thus enabling LytS/YesN to directly activate the transcription of the adjacent xylFGH genes and thereby promote the uptake of D-xylose. To our knowledge, XylFII is a novel single transmembrane sensor that assists two-component system to respond to extracellular sugar molecules. Also of significance, this 'three-component system' is widely distributed in Firmicutes, indicating that it may play a broad role in this bacterial phylum. The results reported here provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of D-xylose sensing and transport in bacteria.
Live software development (2019)

Live Programming is an idea pioneered by programming environments from the earliest days of computing, such as those for Lisp and Smalltalk. One thing they had in common is liveness: an always accessible evaluation and nearly instantaneous feedback, usually focused on coding activities. In this paper, we argue for Live Software Development (LiveSD), bringing liveness to software development activities beyond coding, to make software easier to visualize, simpler to understand, and faster to evolve. Multiple challenges may vary with the activity and application domain. Research on this topic needs to consider the more important liveness gaps in software development, which representations and abstractions better support developers, and which tools are needed to support it.
Automatic radar horizontal alignment scheme using stationary target on public road (2013)

Radar is one of the most important sensors in ADAS (Advanced Driver Assist System). Therefore, accurate target detection and selection of the radar influence the whole performance of ADAS. However, usually the radar is equipped near a front bumper and always exposed to small accident or vehicle vibration. In this environment, it is easy to make misalignment angle of radar. In this paper, we will introduce the automatic horizontal alignment scheme to correct environmental misalignment; the scheme can be used while driving a car. Also, the test result of actual vehicle with misaligned radar will be presented to test a performance of the proposed scheme.
Face recognition based on Gabor transform and bidirectional PCA (2007)

A novel face recognition algorithm which can solve the Small Sample Size(SSS)problem is presented.Firstly,the sample size of each subject is increased greatly by regarding every output image after taking Gabor wavelet transform as an independent sample.Secondly,bidirectional PCA method is adopted for face feature extraction.Special nearest neighbor classifier and minimum distance classifier based on face feature matrix are designed for classification,respectively.The experimental results on ORL face database and FERET face database show that the proposed method can alleviate the SSS problem effectively,and can get a good performance even when the training sample size of each subject is only 1.
Oral Contraceptives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Side-effects and Influence on the Activity of SLE (1991)

The risk of a disease flare-up and the side-effects experienced during the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) were studied in 85 female SLE patients, 18-44 years old, regularly attending two specialist rheumatological clinics. Thirty-one patients had used combined oral contraceptives (cOCs) during or after the onset of SLE. Initial manifestations or exacerbations of SLE were noted in 4 (13%) of these patients during the first six months after starting cOCs and three of these four patients had major renal involvement. The incidence of disease flare-ups was the same as in patients not using cOCs. Two patients developed deep venous thrombosis during cOCs, and they both had antiphospholipid antibodies. Thirty-two patients had used progestagen-only contraceptives (PCs) and they were discontinued in 25 (78%) of the patients because of minor side-effects, mainly reflecting poor gynaecological tolerance. Albeit there is no definitive proof that cOCs actually precipitate or exacerbate SLE some patients may be more likely to have adverse effects while taking cOCs. It appears best to avoid cOCs in SLE patients with high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies and in patients with active nephritis. PCs cause many side-effects in SLE patients, but do not seem to activate the disease.
Perifosine Synergistically Enhances TRAIL-Induced Myeloma Cell Apoptosis via Up-Regulation of Death Receptors (2008)

Our observation seems to be independent of the effects of perifosine on Akt signaling, and may represent an additional mechanism of action for this agent, and supports future clinical trials combining these two agents.
Amyloid-β and Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

This study used PET with the amyloid-β (Aβ) imaging agent 11 C Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) and the glucose metabolic tracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to map the relationship of Aβ deposition to regional glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Comparison of 13 AD patients' FDG scans with 11 healthy controls confirmed a typical temporo-parietal hypometabolic pattern in AD. In contrast, PIB distribution-volume-ratios showed a distinct pattern of specific tracer retention in fronto-temporo-parietal regions and striatum in AD with peaks in left frontal cortex, precuneus, temporal cortex, striatum and right posterior cingulate. There were no region-to-region or within region correlations between FDG and PIB uptake in PIB positive AD patients but when the impact of Aβ load on glucose metabolism was assessed via probabilistic maps, increased amyloid burden was coupled with decreased metabolism in temporo-parietal regions and the posterior cingulate. However, importantly, severe Aβ burden was not associated with comparable metabolic decreases in large parts of the frontal lobes, the striatum and the thalamus.
Vision-only localisation under extreme appearance change (2016)

Robust localisation is a key requirement for autonomous vehicles. However, in order to achieve widespread adoption of this technology, we also require this function to be performed using low-cost hardware. Cameras are appealing due to their information-rich image content and low cost; however, camera-based localisation is difficult because of the problem of appearance change. For example, in outdoor en- vironments the appearance of the world can change dramatically and unpredictably with variations in lighting, weather, season and scene structure. We require autonomous vehicles to be robust under these challenging environmental conditions. This thesis presents Dub4, a vision-only localisation system for autonomous vehicles. The system is founded on the concept of experiences, where an "experience" is a visual memory which models the world under particular conditions. By allowing the system to build up and curate a map of these experiences, we are able to handle cyclic appearance change (lighting, weather and season) as well as adapt to slow structural change. We present a probabilistic framework for predicting which experiences are most likely to match successfully with the live image at run-time, conditioned on the robot's prior use of the map. In addition, we describe an unsupervised algorithm for detecting and modelling higher-level visual features in the environment for localisation. These features are trained on a per-experience basis and are robust to extreme changes in appearance, for example between rain and sun, or day and night. The system is tested on over 1500km of data, from urban and off-road environments, through sun, rain, snow, harsh lighting, at different times of the day and night, and through all seasons. In addition to this extensive offline testing, Dub4 has served as the primary localisation source on a number of autonomous vehicles, including the Oxford University's RobotCar, the 2016 Shell Eco-Marathon, the LUTZ PathFinder Project in Milton Keynes, and the GATEway Project in Greenwich, London.
Cosmid Library Construction (2003)

To study the organization and regulation of eucaryotic genes from cloned DNA, vectors capable of maintaining large inserts have been constructed, largely from bacteriophage λ, where nonessential intergenic regions were identified. It had been noted that only λ DNA 37-52 kb in length (or 78-102% of the wild-type length) were efficiently packaged and passaged in vivo. Thus vectors from which the intergenic region had been removed could be positively selected for by the insertion of target DNA, thus restoring a packagable DNA length and producing viable phage.
Context theory of classification learning. (1978)

Most theories dealing with ill-defined concepts assume that performance is based on category level information or a mixture of category level and specific item information. A context theory of classificatio n is described in which judgments are assumed to derive exclusively from stored exemplar information. The main idea is that a probe item acts as a retrieval cue to access information associated with stimuli similar to the probe. The predictions of the context theory are contrasted with those of a class of theories (including prototype theory) that assume that the information entering into judgments can be derived from an additive combination of information from component cue dimensions. Across four experiments using both geometric forms and schematic faces as stimuli, the context theory consistently gave a better account of the data. The relation of the context theory to other theories and phenomena associated with ill-defined concepts is discussed in detail. One of the major components of cognitive behavior concerns abstracting rules and forming concepts. Our entire system of naming objects and events, talking about them, and interacting with them presupposes the ability to group experiences into appropriate classes. Young children learn to tell the difference between dogs and cats, between clocks and fans, and between stars and street lights. Since few concepts are formally taught, the evolution of concepts from experience with exemplars must be a fundamental learning phenomenon. The focus of the present article is to explore how such conceptual achievements emerge from individual instances.
Financial Consequences of Joining a Medicare Hmo: An Application of the Illness Episode Approach to Estimating Out-of-Pocket Costs (1989)

To reduce Medicare costs, Medicare beneficiaries are being encouraged to enroll in "risk contract" HMOs. This paper explores the financial consequences to the elderly of joining a Medicare risk HMO. Using a new method for estimating consumer financial vulnerability called the illness episode approach, we modeled the out-of-pocket costs associated with thirteen illnesses of varying severity for beneficiaries with traditional Medicare coverage only and for beneficiaries who join one of two Los Angeles HMOs which charge no additional premium. The typical total charges for a year's treatment of these thirteen illnesses in Los Angeles in 1986 ranged from a low of $856 for moderate hypertension to a high of $28,411 for care of a severe stroke. For beneficiaries with traditional Medicare whose providers did not accept assignment, out-of-pocket costs ranged from $539 to $14,676 and from a low of 7.7 percent to a high of 84.1 percent of total charges. Out-of-pocket costs are considerably reduced in the two Medicare HMOs in this high-cost market; beneficiaries had modeled out-of-pocket costs ranging from $11 to $7,478 and from less than 0.1 percent of total charges to 60 percent of charges. Reductions in financial vulnerability ranged from over 20 percent to 99.3 percent. The relation of these reductions to altered benefit structures and the policy implications of the results are discussed.
Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly Soluble Drugs (2015)

Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to poor and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response, that might be overcome through an appropriate formulation of the drug. Polymorphs (anhydrous and solvate/hydrate forms) may resolve these bioavailability problems, but they can be a challenge to ensure physicochemical stability for the entire shelf life of the drug product. Since clinical failures of polymorph drugs have not been uncommon, and some of them have been entirely unexpected, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has required preliminary and exhaustive screening studies to identify and characterize all the polymorph crystal forms for each drug. In the past, the polymorphism of many drugs was detected fortuitously or through manual time consuming methods; today, drug crystal engineering, in particular, combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, makes it possible to easily and exhaustively identify stable polymorphic and/or hydrate/dehydrate forms of poorly soluble drugs, in order to overcome bioavailability related problems or clinical failures. This review describes the concepts involved, provides examples of drugs characterized by poor solubility for which polymorphism has proven important, outlines the state-of-the-art technologies and discusses the pertinent regulations.
The Preparation of Dialkyl Alkylphosphonates by Addition of Dialkyl Phosphites to Olefins (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Dialkyl Alkylphosphonates by Addition of Dialkyl Phosphites to OlefinsA. R. Stiles, W. E. Vaughan, and F. F. RustCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3, 714–716Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01536a048Request reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (336 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reversal of Ischemic Retinopathy Following Balloon Angioplasty of a Stenotic Ophthalmic Artery (2010)

A 65-year-old woman who had undergone internal carotid artery stenting and was being maintained on antiplatelet therapy developed features suggesting ipsilateral reduced retinal artery perfusion. Injection of urokinase into the ophthalmic artery provided temporary improvement. When manifestations of retinal arterial ischemia recurred, angiography revealed worsening stenosis at the origin of the ophthalmic artery. Balloon angioplasty at that site successfully restored visual acuity and reversed the ischemic fundus abnormalities. This is the first report of ophthalmic artery balloon angioplasty in this setting.
Recent Advances in Phenoxy-Based Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization (2003)

Abstract Olefiin polymerization behavior of phenoxy-based catalysts has been discussed. Phenoxy-based olefin polymerization catalysts are capable of showing high catalytic activities. Moreover, the phenoxy-based catalysts can display unique catalytic properties and thus have offered opportunities to make polyolefinic materials that are difficult or impossible to prepare using conventional catalysts. Therefore, the phenoxy-based catalysts have opened up a new dimension in the fields of olefin polymerization catalysis and polymer synthesis.
Application of Single-Stage Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Differential Analysis Software to Nontargeted Analysis of Contaminants in Dog Food: Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Glycoalkaloids (2015)

The objective of this study was to perform a preliminary investigation of the nontargeted search and quantitative capabilities of a single-stage Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). To do this, the instrument and its associated software performed a non-targeted search for deleterious substances in a dog food sample suspected of causing gastrointestinal problems in dogs. A single-stage Orbitrap/high-performance liquid chromatography method and differential expression analysis software (Sieve) was used to detect and identify, and subsequently quantify, nontargeted compounds occurring only in the suspect dog food sample. When combined with an online database (ChemSpider), a preliminary identification of one of the nontargeted compounds was determined to be potato glycoalkaloids. The diagnostic product ion ratios and quantitative data accuracy generated by the single-stage Orbitrap MS were shown to be similar to results obtained using a triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the ability of the single-stage Orbitrap instrument to provide precursor and product ion accurate masses and isotope patterns was also investigated.
Programming tools for IEC 1131-3 and extensions for distributed systems (1998)

IEC 1131 is a standard for PLC programming. It meets requirements for software reusability by providing facilities for modular solutions to control problems. One of the aims of modern methods of software development is to detect errors as early as possible; it is much more complicated to correct errors detected later. Errors should ideally be detected during off-line programming. IEC 1131-3 therefore stipulates a stringent type concept and enables the parameters assigned to the function blocks to be checked before runtime and memory assignment for function block instances at link time. This completely excludes a number of runtime errors at the programming stage and is also intended to reduce the number of errors in the test and startup phase. Uniform programming in accordance with IEC 1131-3 has appreciable advantages, e.g. shorter retraining and familiarization times, fewer errors, and clear interface definitions. The benefits of uniform programming are less noticeable for manufacturers than for users. Their staff can work more efficiently and therefore more economically. They normally only need one period of training and familiarisation. Existing software can generally be used again. Users are not tied to a particular manufacturer for financial reasons.
Passivation of surface and bulk defects in <i>p</i> -GaSb by hydrogenated amorphous silicon treatment (1996)

Passivation of point and extended defects in GaSb has been observed as a result of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) treatment by the glow discharge technique. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images recorded at various depths in the samples clearly show passivation of defects on the surface as well as in the bulk region. The passivation of various recombination centers in the bulk is attributed to the formation of hydrogen-impurity complexes by diffusion of hydrogen ions from the plasma. a-Si:H acts as a protective cap layer and prevents surface degradation which is usually encountered by bare exposure to hydrogen plasma. An enhancement in luminescence intensity up to 20 times is seen due to the passivation of nonradiative recombination centers. The passivation efficiency is found to improve with an increase in a-Si:H deposition temperature. The relative passivation efficiency of donors and acceptors by hydrogen in undoped and Te-compensated p-GaSb has been evaluated by CL and by the temperature dependence of photoluminescence intensities. Most notably, effective passivation of minority dopants in tellurium compensated p-GaSb is evidenced for the first time.
Approximate Calculation of the Anisotropy of the Relaxation Time of the Conduction Electrons in the Noble Metals (1961)

The ratio of the relaxation times on the "belly" and on the "necks" of the Fermi surface is estimated numerically by very crude methods. It is shown that the relative amount of $s$-wave to $p$-wave scattering by impurities is important and that Umklapp processes play a major role in phonon scattering. The ratio depends on impurity type and on temperature in just the right way to explain qualitatively the variation of the Hall coefficient in the metals and their alloys.
Recovery Of Heavy Oil From The Monterey Formation In Offshore California By Cyclic Injection Of Light Oil Diluent (1999)

Abstract This paper describes a single well pilot in which light oil diluent was injected through tubing to lower in-situ oil viscosity and increase production from a low gravity oil well. The pilot well is located on the Heritage platform in the Santa Ynez Unit and produces from the Monterey formation. The pilot validated laboratory data which suggested that large production rate increases could result from high rate diluent injection.
Image processing using self-learning fuzzy spiking neural network in the presence of overlapping classes (2008)

Architecture of self-learning fuzzy spiking neural network that belongs to a new type of hybrid intelligence systems is proposed. Both crisp and fuzzy clustering modes are described. Results of image processing in the presence of overlapping classes are presented.
A matrix based method for determining depth from focus (2002)

The authors reveal some fundamental problems with inverse filtering: inaccuracies in finding the frequency-domain representation, windowing effects, and border effects. A general, matrix-based method using regularization that eliminates these problems is presented. The method is confirmed experimentally, with the results showing an RMS (root mean square) error of 1.3%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction (2010)

Franchising around the world is quickly increasing. There is a dual process of international franchising and diffusion of local franchising systems through innovation, learning, and imitation. Alon (2005) discusses the development of service franchising as a global phenomenon with a focus on the use of franchising, franchisor clusters, master international franchising, and cases relating to Russia, Philippines, and China.KeywordsNascent EntrepreneurHotel IndustryFranchise SystemHotel ChainAthletic ShoeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.