gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic alignment and distribution of irregularly coupled data arrays for scalable parallelization of particle-in-cell problems (1996)

Particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulation codes require two data arrays-particle array and field array-for storing the lists of particles and electromagnetic fields, respectively. In every iteration the two are updated based on the valves of each other. The interaction between these two arrays is dynamic due to the movement of particles. Efficient parallelization of PIC requires the two data arrays to be load balanced and the amount of communication generated due to the interaction between them to be minimized. This requires dynamic distribution and alignment of the two arrays. In this paper we present fast and efficient methods for achieving this task at run-time. The implementation and performance of a relativistic electromagnetic PIC plasma simulation code on the CM-5 are described.
Effect of solvent on properties of solution‐cast dense SPPO films (2003)

Abstract The effect of solvent on properties of solution‐cast dense films was investigated using high molecular weight sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) and five different solvents having relatively similar molar volumes. The study revealed that polymer–solvent interactions existing in casting solution primarily determine the concentration of residual solvent and surface morphology of the films. On the other hand, the O 2 and CO 2 permeabilities, which for most permeable films were more than three times greater than for the least permeable ones, appear to be governed by the volatility of solvent in casting solution. At the same time, the more permeable films showed lower O 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 permeability ratios than the less permeable ones. In addition to physical factors such as polymer–solvent interactions and volatility of solvent in casting solution, the differences in gas transport properties of SPPO films could arise from the formation of quaternary salts—in particular, in the case of films prepared from the pyridine solution. The analysis of casting solution properties, surface images by atomic force microscopy, and gas transport properties allowed us to associate defective structures of some SPPO films with a specific surface morphology and a particular combination of solvent properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1100–1110, 2003
Eco-friendly management of tomato leaf curl disease. (2011)

Received : May, 2011 Accepted : August, 2011 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), a member of family Solanaceae is grown extensively in adjacent to big cities, because of the readily available market for its fruit vegetable. At places in eastern Uttar Pradesh, tomato is cultivated throughout the year. This crop has been known to may be susceptible to many bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Among them, tomato leaf curl disease caused by TLCV is the most important and serious threat to tomato cultivation in India (Varma,1993; Ansari and Tewari, 2004). In India, the disease was first reported by Vasudeva and Samraj in 1948. In nature, the disease is transmitted by vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). The disease affects all stages of the plants causing 38-100 per cent yield loss, depending on the stage of the crop at the time of infection (Butter and Rataul, 1981; Das Gupta et al., 2003; Ansari, 2007). Thus, its cultivation has been hampered by TLCV disease, resulting in enormous losses in the form of reduced yield; Hence, in order to find out suitable management practices for TLCV diseases the present investigation was carried out the using insecticide and plant extracts known to have antiviral properties.
<title>Surface And Optical Studies Of Diamond Turned And Other Metal Mirrors</title> (1976)

Intercomparison of the optical properties of diamond turned, evaporated and sputtered metal mirrors is made with specific reference to surface and bulk physical structure. In most applications, absorption and scattered light are important optical parameters. Both of these characteristics are directly related to surface microtopography which is a direct product of the finishing methods employed. For laser applications, the threshold for damage is also often critical. The properties influencing laser damage include surface microtopography, as well as bulk physical and chemical structure. Diamond turning, in addition to its very attractive manufacturing advantages, can produce optically superior components. Nearly intrinsic values of pulsed laser damage threshold and absorption have been measured on diamond turned copper mirrors.
Stereochemical, Structural, and Thermodynamic Origins of Stability Differences between Stereoisomeric Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene Diol Epoxide Deoxyadenosine Adducts in a DNA Mutational Hot Spot Sequence (2001)

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a prototype polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), can be metabolically activated to the enantiomeric benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides (BPDEs), (+)-(7R,8S,9S,10R)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and the (-)-(7S,8R,9R,10S) enantiomer. These can react with adenine residues in DNA, to produce the stereoisomeric 10S (+)- and 10R (-)-trans-anti-[BP]-N(6)-dA adducts. High-resolution NMR solution studies indicate that in DNA duplexes the 10R (-) adduct is intercalated on the 5'-side of the modified adenine, while the 10S (+) adduct is disordered, exhibits multiple adduct conformations, and is positioned on the 3'-side of the modified adenine. Duplexes containing the 10S (+) adduct positioned at A within codon 61 of the human N-ras sequence CAA are thermodynamically less stable and more easily excised by human DNA repair enzymes than those containing the 10R (-) adduct. However, the molecular origins of these differences are not understood and represent a fascinating opportunity for elucidating structure-function relationships. We have carried out a computational investigation to uncover the structural and thermodynamic origins of these effects in the 11-mer duplex sequence d(CGGACAAGAAG).d(CTTCTTGTCCG) by performing a 2-ns molecular dynamics simulation using NMR solution structures as the basis for the starting models. Then, we applied the MM-PBSA (molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area) method to compute free energy differences between the stereoisomeric adducts. The 10R (-) isomer is more stable by approximately 13 kcal/mol, of which approximately 10 kcal/mol is enthalpic, which agrees quite well with their observed differences in thermodynamic stability. The lower stability of the 10S (+) adduct is due to diminished stacking by the BP moiety in the intercalation pocket, more helix unwinding, and a diminished quality of Watson-Crick base pairing. The latter stems from conformational heterogeneity involving a syn-anti equilibrium of the glycosidic bond in the modified adenine residue. The lower stability and conformational heterogeneity of the 10S (+) adduct may play a role in its enhanced susceptibility to nucleotide excision repair.
Einfluss von Armicarb (Kalium Bikarbonat) auf den Schorf und Regenfleckenkrankheit des Apfels (2006)

In den Jahren 2004 und 2005 wurde eine neue Formulierung von Kaliumbicarbonat (Armicarb) gegen Schorf und gegen Regenflecken geprüft. Armicarb zeigte ähnlich gute Ergebnisse wie die Referenzverfahren Netzschwefel und Kupfer. Auch gegen die Regenfleckenkrankheiten zeigte Armicarb ausgezeichnete Wirkung. Mögliche Nebenwirkungen wie die Förderung von ‚Lentizellen-Spot’ müssen noch näher überprüft werden. Armicarb wird vom Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG) als nicht-toxisch eingestuft und es wurden deshalb auch keine Grenzwerte festgelegt. Armicarb hat sehr interessante Eigenschaften als Pflanzenschutzprodukt und wir erwarten, dass die bio-spezifischen Anforderungen bezüglich Zusammensetzung und Risiko-Profil weitgehend erfüllt werden.
Activated Coagulation Factor X: A Novel Mitogenic Stimulus for Human Mesangial Cells (2001)

Intraglomerular activation of the coagulation cascade is a common feature of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Besides thrombin, very little is known about the cellular effects of other components of the coagulation system. This study investigated the effect of activated factor X (FXa) on cultured human mesangial cells. This serine protease induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis. In addition to its mitogenic effect, FXa caused a striking upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A and B chain gene expression. Next, the intracellular mitogenic signaling pathways activated by FXa were investigated. FXa induced a rapid spike in cytosolic calcium concentration followed by a sustained plateau. This response was not influenced by the downregulation of thrombin receptors. In addition, FXa stimulated a significant upregulation of different tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. One of these phosphorylated cellular proteins was represented by the c-jun N-terminal kinase, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. To evaluate the role of FXa enzymatic activity and of PDGF autocrine secretion, FXa-induced DNA synthesis was studied in the presence of leupeptin, a specific serine protease inhibitor, and neutralizing anti-PDGF antibody. To investigate the role of tyrosine kinase (TK) activation on FXa mitogenic effect, FXa-stimulated thymidine uptake was evaluated in the presence of genistein and herbimycin A, two powerful and specific TK inhibitors. FXa-elicited DNA synthesis was also examined after protein kinase C (PKC) downregulation by prolonged incubation with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate to study the influence of the phospholipase C-PKC axis. The proliferative effect of FXa required its proteolytic activity, and the activation of TK was only partially dependent on PKC activation while it was PDGF independent. Finally, it was shown by reverse transcription-PCR that mesangial cells do not express the signaling splicing variant of the putative FXa receptor, effector protease receptor-1. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that FXa is a powerful mitogenic factor for human mesangial cells, and it induces its cellular effect not through effector protease receptor-1, but most likely by binding a protease-activated receptor and activating phospholipase C-PKC and TK signaling pathways.
Effetto Della Colchicina Su Enzimi Solfidrilici (1963)

Abstract The effect of colchicine on sulfhydryl enzymes. — The effect of colchicine has been tested on mithocondrial ATPase and rat-liver LDH. The colchicine inhibits ATPase for 40% and LDH for 100%, therefore its action is aspecific.
Nitrophenide (Megasul[Trade Mark Sign]) Blocks Eimeria tenella Development by Inhibiting the Mannitol Cycle Enzyme Mannitol-1-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (2001)

John J. Allocco, Bakela Nare, Robert W. Myers, Marc Feiglin, Dennis M. Schmatz, Helen Profous-Juchelka, Nitrophenide (Megasul™) Blocks Eimeria tenella Development by Inhibiting the Mannitol Cycle Enzyme Mannitol-1-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 87, No. 6 (Dec., 2001), pp. 1441-1448
Assessing Robustness in Systems of Systems Meta-architectures (2013)

New Systems of Systems (SoSs) are frequently created through partial participation from independent, existing systems with their own continuing missions. These systems’ contribution to the SoS may be contingent on changing priorities and conditions. Therefore, when devising a SoS architecture, consideration should be given to the SoS robustness to occasional lack of availability of individual systems. Robustness is generally the ability to deliver capability in unknown future conditions. Not knowing which systems will be present would seem to fit this definition for a SoS. A fuzzy approach to defining SoS performance in terms of capabilities provided by each type of system and interfaces, with the robustness defined by the remaining performance when one system is absent, is proposed. Several types of capabilities are typically available from several systems when putting together an SoS. An ideal SoS architecture, while paying due homage to lean principles and affordability, should also avoid single point failures. When a suitable SoS performance model exists, the architect can assess SoS capability measures of performance changes when each individual system is removed. Even low fidelity performance models can help distinguish among alternative SoS architectures. Testing architecture models for robustness can improve overall understanding of the SoS capabilities, and selecting architectures for more distributed performance increases robustness.
Effects of Prednisolone on the Physiological Factors Regulating Cyclosporin A Blood Distribution in Renal Transplant Patients. (1997)

The effects of prednisolone (PSL) on physiological factors, i. e. plasma lipids and blood proteins regulating cyclosporin A (CsA) blood distribution were evaluated in renal transplant patients. The clinical data of 46 blood samples from 10 outpatients with a stable renal function, who received CsA and low dose PSL (10 mg/day), were thus analyzed. The PSL concentration in plasma (CPSL) showed a significant positive correlation with hematocrit (HCT) and total cholesterol (CHO) but not with any other clinical laboratory tests related to either protein or lipid metabolism. In a multiple regression analysis the contribution that selected variables made to the CsA trough level was as follows: CHO > HCT >dose of CsA >CPSL. This finding suggests that the drug-interaction between PSL and CsA was much due more to either the changes in the physiological factors regulating the CsA blood distribution via protein anabolism or the unusual lipid metabolism of PSL than dut to the enzyme-inducing action of PSL for CsA. Taking the PSL concentration in plasma and the effects of PSL on protein or lipid metabolism into consideration, it is thus possible to optimize the effect of immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant patients.
Genetic Polymorphism of Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase and Glyoxalase I in Colombia (1984)

Genetic polymorphism of red cell enzymes glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glyoxalase I (GLO) was investigated in five villages of the Colombian Andes. The GPT1 and GLO1 gene frequencies show a considerable range, but compatible to the range of European populations. In both the systems there is slight excess of observed homozygosity suggesting that the infrastructure of the subpopulations may be influenced by inbreeding.
Recursive Training of 2D-3D Convolutional Networks for Neuronal Boundary Detection (2015)

Efforts to automate the reconstruction of neural circuits from 3D electron microscopic (EM) brain images are critical for the field of connectomics. An important computation for reconstruction is the detection of neuronal boundaries. Images acquired by serial section EM, a leading 3D EM technique, are highly anisotropic, with inferior quality along the third dimension. For such images, the 2D max-pooling convolutional network has set the standard for performance at boundary detection. Here we achieve a substantial gain in accuracy through three innovations. Following the trend towards deeper networks for object recognition, we use a much deeper network than previously employed for boundary detection. Second, we incorporate 3D as well as 2D filters, to enable computations that use 3D context. Finally, we adopt a recursively trained architecture in which a first network generates a preliminary boundary map that is provided as input along with the original image to a second network that generates a final boundary map. Backpropagation training is accelerated by ZNN, a new implementation of 3D convolutional networks that uses multicore CPU parallelism for speed. Our hybrid 2D-3D architecture could be more generally applicable to other types of anisotropic 3D images, including video, and our recursive framework for any image labeling problem.
High-frequency electron beam modulation in a diode with an active plasma cathode (2002)

We have carried out experiments with an active plasma cathode showing the possibility of generating a modulated electron beam with a repetition rate of 2Hz without the use of a high-frequency power supply. The modulation of the beam current amplitude reaches values /spl ges/30%. This modulation is found to have a frequency of 325/spl plusmn/5 MHz for a discharge capacitor of 1nF and a duration /spl ges/1/spl mu/s. In addition, the modulated electron beam is accompanied by electromagnetic radiation with the same frequency. We suggest that this high-frequency modulation is caused by electron oscillations within the potential well which is created inside the cathode structure by the positive potential of the plasma.
Surface Observation of MgO Single Crystal with Atomic Force Microscope and Crystallographic Orientation Dependence of Wettability of MgO by Liquid Metals (1994)

The (100), (110) and (111) surface of MgO were observed at an atomic scale using an atomic force microscope. It was identified that the line defects existed on each surface and that the surface structure of MgO was different from the bulk one. It can be infered that all the bright spots in the AFM images correspond to the positions of the oxygen atoms in the case of MgO.A factor affecting the wettability of MgO single crystal by liquid metals was discussed on the basis of the AFM observations. It gets cleared that the interaction between the oxygen on the surface and the magnesium or oxygen on the second layer affects the crystallographic orientation dependence of the wettability of MgO single crystal by liquid metals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Epoxy‐3‐alkanols via Mitsunobu Reaction on Unprotected Enantiopure Acyclic 1,2,3‐Triols. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AMPLIFICATION BY REFLECTION FROM AN ACTIVE INTERFEROMETER (1965)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Vern N. Smiley, David K. Forbes, Adolph L. Lewis; AMPLIFICATION BY REFLECTION FROM AN ACTIVE INTERFEROMETER. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 July 1965; 7 (1): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754229 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Use of Subsurface Heat Fluxes to Evaluate Continuous Loss Rates of LNAPL (2015)

Petroleum hydrocarbons, in the form of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs), are commonly found beneath petroleum facilities. Natural loss rates of LNAPLs via aerobic and anaerobic processes are emerging as a critical factor in making management decisions. Work has been ongoing on the hypothesis that temperature measurements about LNAPL bodies can be used to estimate natural LNAPL loss rates. Continuous subsurface temperature measurements are currently being collected at various depths about an LNAPL body at five field sites. A two- dimensional energy balance approach is utilized to determine the heat produced by LNAPL degradation. Heating and cooling due to phenomena other than the biodegradation of LNAPL is accounted for using a background correction method. Using the change in enthalpy (ΔH) of the redox reaction, as well as the thermodynamic efficiently of the reaction, the heat produced by the LNAPL degradation is converted into an equivalent LNAPL loss rate in gallons/acre/year. Results using this heat flux method suggest seasonal variations in natural loss rates and total loss rates on the order of thousands of gallons per acre per year, consistent with data acquired using current CO 2 efflux methods. Results also suggest that subsurface temperatures are highest in the areas with highest LNAPL impacts, and lowest in unimpacted areas. Additionally, a laboratory column study is being conducted to verify these methods in a controlled setting.
High Glucose Stimulates Early Response Gene c-Myc Expression in Rat Pancreatic β Cells (2001)

Glucose-induced insulin secretion from hyperglycemic 90% pancreatectomized rats is markedly impaired, possibly because of loss of beta cell differentiation. Association of these changes with beta cell hypertrophy, increased mRNA levels of the transcription factor c-Myc, and their complete normalization by phlorizin treatment suggested a link between chronic hyperglycemia, increased c-Myc expression, and altered beta cell function. In this study, we tested the effect of hyperglycemia on rat pancreatic islet c-Myc expression both in vivo and in vitro. Elevation of plasma glucose for 1-4 days (glucose infusion/clamp) was followed by parallel increases in islet mRNA levels (relative to TATA-binding protein) of c-Myc and two of its target genes, ornithine decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase A. Similar changes were observed in vitro upon stimulation of cultured islets or purified beta cells with 20 and 30 mmol.liter(-1) glucose for 18 h. These effects of high glucose were reproduced by high potassium-induced depolarization or dibutyryl-cAMP and were inhibited by agents decreasing cytosolic Ca(2+) or cAMP concentrations. In conclusion, the expression of the early response gene c-Myc in rat pancreatic beta cells is stimulated by high glucose in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and by cAMP. c-Myc could therefore participate to the regulation of beta cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation under physiological or pathophysiological conditions.