gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation and Detection of Clay Network Structure in Poly(propylene)/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites (2005)

Abstract Summary: The study of the structure and the rheological properties of poly(propylene) (PP)/montmorillonite (MMT)/maleinated PP (MAPP) composites strongly suggests that a silicate network may form under certain conditions. Network formation could not be proven unambiguously with the usual techniques, i.e., with TEM and by plotting the frequency dependence of viscoelastic properties. Cole‐Cole plots detect the network very sensitively. A certain number of silicate layers are needed to create a house‐of‐cards structure. A threshold concentration of MAPP exists in the investigated system, which depends on the silicate content. Cole‐Cole representation of the viscoelastic properties of PP/OMMT/MAPP nanocomposites. image Cole‐Cole representation of the viscoelastic properties of PP/OMMT/MAPP nanocomposites.
Costs and Benefits of Mosquito Refractoriness to Malaria Parasites: Implications for Genetic Variability of Mosquitoes and Genetic Control of Malaria (1997)

Guiyun Yan, David W. Severson, Bruce M. Christensen, Costs and Benefits of Mosquito Refractoriness to Malaria Parasites: Implications for Genetic Variability of Mosquitoes and Genetic Control of Malaria, Evolution, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Apr., 1997), pp. 441-450
Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: standardization efforts based on synthetic ultrasound data (2015)

Whether these results can be extrapolated to the clinical setting is the topic of an ongoing study of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. This study was an important first step in the development of generally accepted tools for QA of speckle tracking echocardiography.
Energetics and molecular dynamics of the reaction of HOCO with HO2 radicals (2008)

The energetics of the reaction of HOCO with HO(2) have been studied using the quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations (QCISD(T)) method and a large basis set on the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces of the system. The results show that the ground-state O(2)+HOC(O)H products can be produced by a direct hydrogen abstraction via a transition state with a small barrier (1.66 kcal/mol) on the lowest triplet surface. A similar hydrogen abstraction can occur on the singlet electronic surface, but it leads to the singlet O(2)(a(1)Delta) and HOC(O)H. On the singlet surface, a new stable intermediate, HOC(O)OOH, hydroperoxyformic acid, has been found. This intermediate is formed by the direct addition of the terminal oxygen atom in HO(2) onto the carbon atom in HOCO in a barrierless reaction. The HOC(O)OOH intermediate may dissociate into either the CO(2)+H(2)O(2) or CO(3)+H(2)O products through elimination reactions with four-center transition states, or into HOC(O)O+OH through an O-O bond cleavage. The heat of formation of HOC(O)OOH is predicted to be -118.9+/-1.0 kcal/mol. In addition, the dynamics of the HO(2)+HOCO reaction have been investigated using a scaling-all correlation couple cluster method with single and double excitation terms (CCSD) on the singlet potential energy surface. Reaction mechanisms have been studied in detail. It was found that the direct and addition reaction mechanisms coexist. For the addition mechanism, the lifetime of the HOC(O)OOH intermediate is predicted to be 880+/-27 fs. At room temperature, the calculated thermal rate coefficient is (6.52+/-0.44)x10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with the product branching fractions: 0.77 (CO(2)+H(2)O(2)), 0.15 (HOC(O)O+OH), 0.056 (CO(3)+H(2)O), 0.019 (O(2)(a(1)Delta)+HOC(O)H), and 0.01 (O(2)(X (3)Sigma)+HOC(O)H).
[Noninvasive two-dimensional analysis of iridial circulation using the laser speckle phenomenon]. (1995)

We have developed an apparatus using the laser speckle phenomenon for noninvasive two-dimensional measurement of the peripheral circulation of the iris. The normalized blur of the speckle pattern (NB-value) was adopted as an index of the blood velocity in the tissue. It was found that the average NB-value of the pigmented rabbit iris was gradually increasing from pupil margin to periphery. The coefficient of variation of the NB-value in the middle area of the iridial width was the smallest. The coefficient of reproducibility of the NB-value measured in the same area twice at 5-minute intervals was 8.8%, and that at 24-hour intervals was 14.1%. The NB-value of the iris showed a good correlation (r = 0.57, p < 0.0072 n = 20) with the iridial blood flow rate measured at the same time by the microsphere technique when intraocular pressure was adjusted to 20 mmHg or 40 mmHg. This result suggests that the NB-value can be useful for quantitative assessment not only of the blood velocity but also of the blood flow rate in the iridial tissues.
Mycophenolate Acid Reduce Donor Specific HLA Antibody Strength in Kidney Transplant Recipients (2012)

Introduction: The development of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) post-transplant has been associated with chronic rejection and graft failure. We hypothesized that mycophenolic acid (MPA) dose escalation will reduce DSA. Methods: Thirty stable DSA positive recipients consented to participate in this 2 year study. MPA was increased in increments of 180/250mg at baseline and at 3 month intervals as tolerated or until maximum manufacturer's recommended dose was achieved. DSA and laboratory data were collected monthly during escalation. HLA single antigen beads analyzed in the Luminex instrument were used to establish donor specificity and strength of the antibodies measured as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). All recipients received anti-lymphocyte induction therapy. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of a calcineurin inhibitor, prednisone and MPA. Results: Twenty of 29 (69%) recipients had a reduction or stabilization in DSA MFI within the first 6 months of the study.Figure: [Pre and Post Escalation DSA MFI]One recipient was lost to follow-up at time of submission. Twenty-one of 29 (72%) recipient's renal function improved or remained stable. Notably, DSA development occurred from 2-96 months post-transplant with a mean range of 32 months. Conclusion: MPA dose escalation appears to benefit recipients with DSA in this preliminary 6 month data. Maximum tolerated MPA should be attempted to minimize DSA formation and therefore improve graft function and long term graft survival. Longer follow- up is needed to determine significance.
Pattern of blood flow in the pulmonary veins of the dog (1965)

The pattern of blood flow in the large pulmonary veins was studied in dogs by chronic implantation of sine-wave electromagnetic flowmeters and cineangiographic observations. These revealed that: 1) pulmonary venous flow is continuous and pulsatile with peak rate of flow of approximately twice the mean flow; 2) the initial rapid increase in venous flow occurs 0.10 sec after the onset of ventricular systole, reaching a peak at the time of closure of the A-V valves; 3) left atrial contraction produces a fleeting slowing or reversal of flow; and 4) respiratory variations in pulmonary venous flow follow those in pulmonary arterial flow, beat by beat. The genesis of phasic pulmonary venous flow was investigated by analysis of pressure and flow curves from the two sides of the heart, by consideration of the energy required for left ventricular filling, and by reconstruction of the pulmonary venous flow pulse using a mathematical model of the pulmonary circulation. These three lines of evidence are consistent in indicating that the transmitted right ventricular pressure is the major determinant of the pulmonary venous flow pattern in the dog. pulsatile pulmonary venous flow; pulmonary venous flow; pulmonary circulation; ventricular suction; respiration on pulmonary circulation; pulmonary venous angiography; pulmonary veno-atrial junctions; electromagnetic flowmeter; cineangiography Submitted on November 16, 1964
Residues in Eggs and Tissues of Chickens on Rations Containing Low Levels of DDT (1964)

NABER and Ware (1961) and Ware and Naber (1961) reported on lindane residues in eggs and tissues of chickens consuming less than 1 p.p.m. of lindane in the diet. The reports for other chlorinated insecticides have been chiefly on feeding trials in which the diets contained in excess of 50 p.p.m. of insecticide to determine toxicity (Marsden and Bird, 1947; and Rubin et al., 1947). There is a lack of information on the residues in eggs and tissues from chickens consuming DDT in the diet at less than 1 p.p.m. concentration. The DDT could be introduced in the ration from alfalfa hay (Draper et al., 1950) or animal fat (Carter et al., 1948). This research was performed to determine residues of DDT in eggs and tissues of laying hens and tissues of broilers on rations containing DDT in amounts under 1 p.p.m. for various periods of time as might…
Comparison of a Cone Emergence Trap Procedure with the Monitoring of Tagged Nuts for Timing Insecticide Applications for Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Control1 (1983)

Journal Article Comparison of a Cone Emergence Trap Procedure with the Monitoring of Tagged Nuts for Timing Insecticide Applications for Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Control Get access M. J. Hall, M. J. Hall 2 2Present address: L.S.U. Pecan Research and Extension Station, P.O. Box 5519 Shreveport, LA 71105. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. D. Eikenbary, R. D. Eikenbary 3Dept. of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. W. McNew, R. W. McNew 4Dept. of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. D. Morrison, R. D. Morrison 4Dept. of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. H. Hedger G. H. Hedger 5Horticulture, Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 April 1983, Pages 505–509, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/12.2.505 Published: 01 April 1983 Article history Received: 08 June 1982 Published: 01 April 1983
Notices to Members of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine (1928)

The twenty-fourth annual meeting of The American Society of Tropical Medicine will be held in Washington, D. C., May 1 and 2, 1928, in conjunction with the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons. Members of the Society who expect to read papers at the meeting are requested to make their plans as early as possible. Members of the Society may invite non-members to read papers on subjects relating to tropical medicine. Titles of papers should be submitted to the President or Secretary and in each case it should be stated whether the paper will be presented in person or by title.It is expected that papers read at the meeting will be presented for publication in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine unless there are special reasons for publishing them elsewhere. The manuscripts will be reviewed by a committee of the Society and those that meet the needs and requirements of the Journal will be published.
Genome comparison of three serovar 5 pathogenic strains of Haemophilus parasuis: insights into an evolving swine pathogen (2014)

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, a systemic disorder characterized by polyarthritis, polyserositis and meningitis in pigs. Although it is well known that H. parasuis serovar 5 is the most prevalent serovar associated with the disease, the genetic differences among strains are only now being discovered. Genomes from two serovar 5 strains, SH0165 and 29755, are already available. Here, we present the draft genome of a third H. parasuis serovar 5 strain, the formal serovar 5 reference strain Nagasaki. An in silico genome subtractive analysis with full-length predicted genes of the three H. parasuis serovar 5 strains detected 95, 127 and 95 strain-specific genes (SSGs) for Nagasaki, SH0165 and 29755, respectively. We found that the genomic diversity within these three strains was high, in part because of a high number of mobile elements. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs), encompassing regions ranging from 2 to 16 kb, revealed LSPs in virulence-related elements, such as a Toll-IL receptor, the AcrA multidrug efflux protein, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, lipopolysaccharide-synthetizing enzymes and a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporter. The whole-genome codon adaptation index (CAI) was also calculated and revealed values similar to other well-known bacterial pathogens. In addition, whole-genome SNP analysis indicated that nucleotide changes tended to be increased in membrane-related genes. This analysis provides further evidence that the genome of H. parasuis has been subjected to multiple lateral gene transfers (LGTs) and to fine-tuning of virulence factors, and has the potential for accelerated genome evolution.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy using depth-sensing coplanar grid cadmium zinc tellurium semiconductor detectors. (2007)

This dissertation details the analysis and characterization of coplanar grid CdZnTe detectors used for gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy. These detectors employ two anode signals to achieve spectra with good energy resolution at room temperature. Factors such as the coplanar grid design, electron trapping compensation, electronic noise, and the material properties have been found to affect the performance of these detectors. These effects have been studied in this work with simulations and experiments to result in detectors with improved spectroscopic performance. Using depth sensing and the relative gain method, a new coplanar grid design was experimentally shown to perform better than previous designs. 2.25 cm<super>3</super> CdZnTe crystals utilizing the new grid design achieved energy resolution as good as 1.65% FWHM at 662 keV. A detector with a volume of 10.8cm<super>3</super> was tested, employing the novel multi-pair coplanar grid design. Preliminary results from this new detector have been recorded and a design proof-of-concept was shown. A temperature-effects study conducted on two coplanar grid detectors indicate that CdZnTe is best operated at temperatures above 0°C. Modeling of the coplanar grid detector was conducted using simulation tools such as Maxwell and Geant4. Using such modeling tools, important factors that can affect the performance of coplanar grid detectors were studied, such as the surface characteristics of CdZnTe. In addition, the major sources of peak broadening were quantified, and the excellence of the coplanar grid design was verified from its negligible contribution to the overall photopeak broadening.
Roles of cAMP in regulating microtubule sliding and flagellar bending in demembranated hamster spermatozoa (2006)

To understand the mechanism regulating spermatozoa motility, it is important to investigate the mechanism regulating the conversion of microtubule sliding into flagellar bending. Therefore, we analyzed microtubule sliding and its conversion into flagellar bending using a demembranated spermatozoa model in which microtubule sliding and flagellar bending could be analyzed separately by treating the demembranated spermatozoa with and without dithiothreitol, respectively. Using this model, we examined the roles of cAMP and its target molecules in regulating flagellar bending and microtubule sliding. Although flagellar bending did not occur in the absence of cAMP, microtubule extrusion occurred without it, suggesting that cAMP is necessary for the conversion of microtubule sliding into flagellar bending, but not for microtubule sliding itself. The target of cAMP for regulating flagellar bending was not cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), since flagellar bending was still observed in the spermatozoa treated with a PKA-specific inhibitor. Alternatively, the Epac/Rap pathway may be the target. Epac2 and Rap2 were detected in hamster spermatozoa using immunoblotting. Since Rap2 is a GTPase, we investigated the flagellar bending of demembranated spermatozoa treated with GTPgammaS. The treatment markedly increased the beat frequency and bending rate. These results suggest that cAMP activates the Epac/Rap pathway to regulate the conversion of microtubule sliding into flagellar bending.
A Novel Sensor to Monitor Colour Changes during Cheese Curd Syneresis in a Vat (2007)

Syneresis is a critical processing step in cheese manufacture, follows the cutting of milk coagulum into cubes and is promoted by stirring. During the syneresis phase shrinkage of the casein micelle network induces whey expulsion from the curd grains. The rate and extent of syneresis plays a fundamental role in determining the moisture, mineral and lactose content and texture of drained curd and hence that of the final cheese.
Bacterial starter cultures in food production (1990)

The scientific approach to bacterial starter cultures has now a history of one century. Dairy science started the application of these cultures and has still the highest standard in culture technology. Progress in substituting the fortuitious food fermentation processes by starters can be observed in meat technology, sour dough production, wine making and fermentation of vegetable juices. However, some processes are still performed by spontaneous fermentation, e.g. vinegar production or sauerkraut fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria are the most important ingredients of starter preparations. The improvement of our knowledge of the physiology, genetics and ecology of the organisms is characteristic for the most recent studies of starter cultures.
Adenosine A2A Receptors in Striatal Glutamatergic Terminals and GABAergic Neurons Oppositely Modulate Psychostimulant Action and DARPP-32 Phosphorylation (2013)

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are located postsynaptically in striatopallidal GABAergic neurons, antagonizing dopamine D2 receptor functions, and are also located presynaptically at corticostriatal terminals, facilitating glutamate release. To address the hypothesis that these two A2AR populations differently control the action of psychostimulants, we characterized A2AR modulation of cocaine-induced effects at the level of DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr-34 and Thr-75, c-Fos expression, and psychomotor activity using two lines of cell-type selective A2AR knockout (KO) mice with selective A2AR deletion in GABAergic neurons (striatum-A2AR-KO mice), or with A2AR deletion in both striatal GABAergic neurons and projecting cortical glutamatergic neurons (forebrain-A2AR-KO mice). We demonstrated that striatum-A2AR KO mice lacked A2ARs exclusively in striatal GABAergic terminals whereas forebrain-A2AR KO mice lacked A2ARs in both striatal GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals leading to a blunted A2AR-mediated facilitation of synaptosomal glutamate release. The inactivation of A2ARs in GABAergic neurons reduced striatal DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr-34 and increased its phosphorylation at Thr-75. Conversely, the additional deletion of corticostriatal glutamatergic A2ARs produced opposite effects on DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr-34 and Thr-75. This distinct modulation of DARPP-32 phosphorylation was associated with opposite responses to cocaine-induced striatal c-Fos expression and psychomotor activity in striatum-A2AR KO (enhanced) and forebrain-A2AR KO mice (reduced). Thus, A2ARs in glutamatergic corticostriatal terminals and in GABAergic striatal neurons modulate the action of psychostimulants and DARPP-32 phosphorylation in opposite ways. We conclude that A2ARs in glutamatergic terminals prominently control the action of psychostimulants and define a novel mechanism by which A2ARs fine-tune striatal activity by integrating GABAergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling.
Digitalis and the Na+,K(+)-ATPase. (1994)

Recent clinical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular biology studies strongly suggest that digitalis glycosides function in a complex manner through differential binding to and inactivation of multiple distinct Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms that are differentially expressed and regulated throughout the cardiovascular system. The alpha 1 isoform predominates in the ventricular: myocardium, whereas the alpha 2 and alpha 3 isoforms may localize to the conducting system structures. The peripheral vasculature also potentially expresses three digitalis receptors, as do neurons in the central nervous system. It is likely that similar heterogeneity exists in the autonomic nervous system as well as in the cardiopulmonary baroreceptor structures. Therefore, differential regulation of these isoforms, by either genetic predisposition or hormones, could dissociate contractile from conduction function and play a role in determining the degree, if any, of therapeutic response to digitalis glycosides. Similarly, genetic polymorphism of the alpha subunits has been observed in humans and rats and may play an important functional role in the ion transport function in a strain of hypertensive rats. Genetic differences in the regulation or structure and function of each isoform could confer allele-specific functional and pharmacological features such as predisposition to digitalis toxicity. Alterations in the degree and type of Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms expressed during cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac development may mediate increases or decreases in cardiac sensitivity to digitalis glycosides. This unexpected complexity of the digitalis receptor raises new questions about the role of digitalis glycosides in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Inverse scattering on the line for a Dirac system (1991)

The whole-line version of the Gelfand–Levitan–Marchenko (GLM) equation for a Dirac system is studied. A new derivation of the GLM equation is given, under weaker hypotheses than Frolov’s earlier treatment [Sov. Math. Dokl. 13, 1468 (1972)], and the complete inversion is carried out in some explicit cases in which a spectral gap is present. Previous calculations of this type are restricted either to a scalar potential or degenerate gap. Applications are discussed in connection with optical couplers and soliton equations.