gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Experience of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (1985)

The current status of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) among U.S. females was reviewed with the use of data abstracted from medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1975 and 1981 in nine geographic areas covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Patients were selected on the basis of reported clinical and pathologic features of IBC and were divided into 3 groups: I) both clinical and pathologic features of IBC; II) clinical features without pathologic confirmation; and III) pathologic evidence only. The age distribution of pathologically defined IBC, in general, showed younger ages than those for other breast cancers in both the white and black populations. Further analysis was restricted to white females due to the relatively small numbers of black and other nonwhite patients with IBC. The disease presentations of both clinically and pathologically defined IBC were similar with regard to the likelihood of the presence of metastases at initial staging. Survival was evaluated by comparison of patients with nonmetastatic (MO) disease. Three years after diagnosis, the relative survival rates among patients in groups I, II, and III were observed to be 34, 60, and 52%, respectively. Survival of patients with all other types of breast cancer was 90% at 3 years. The management of IBC appeared to differ from the treatment of other forms of breast cancer; chemotherapy was given more frequently as the first course of cancer-directed therapy in white SEER females with evidence of MO IBC compared with the group with MO non-IBC. When all possible combinations of initial therapy were considered, the treatment for IBC was more variable than the treatment for non-IBC.
Anorectal fissures: an under-recognized cause of low back pain? Case report. (2010)

Low back pain is a challenging chief complaint to the primary care diagnostician due to its wide differential. In a careful and thorough work-up of this complaint, disorders of the anus and rectum should not be overlooked as possible culprits.
Inter-α-Inhibitor Binding to Hyaluronan in the Cumulus Extracellular Matrix Is Required for Optimal Ovulation and Development of Mouse Oocytes1 (1999)

This report characterizes the effects of excess hyaluronan (HA) upon the expansion of the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) within intact follicles and upon ovulation and oocyte viability in mice. Covalent linkage between heavy chains of the inter-alpha-inhibitor (IalphaI) family of serum glycoproteins and HA is necessary for optimal cumulus extracellular matrix (cECM) stabilization and cumulus expansion. Intravenous administration of HA oligosaccharides inhibited the binding of IalphaI to endogenous HA, disrupting the process of expansion and resulting in a reduction in the size of the cumulus mass. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses of COCs from HA-treated animals demonstrated a reduction of IalphaI heavy chains within the cECM. Additionally, HA-treated immature animals ovulated 56.3% fewer COCs compared to control animals. The developmental potential of COCs in HA-treated animals was also tested. Extended periods of oviductal storage of COCs ovulated by HA-injected adult mice resulted in a reduction of normal embryos and a significant increase in the proportion of fragmented oocytes/embryos. These observations support the view that covalent binding of IalphaI heavy chains to HA is required for optimal cumulus expansion, extrusion of the COCs from the follicle at ovulation, and maintenance of oocyte viability within the oviduct.
Actividades enzimáticas como indicadores de calidad del suelo en agroecosistemas ecológicos (2007)

El suelo es un sistema vivo, dinamico y no renovable, cuya condicion y funcionamiento es clave para la produccion de alimentos y para el mantenimiento de la calidad ambiental a escalas local, regional y global. No solo es la base para la agricultura y para los diferentes ecosistemas, sino que ademas de el depende toda la vida del planeta. De estas ideas nace el concepto de calidad del suelo, que se basa en las propiedades inherentes y dinamicas de los procesos edafologicos. Debido a la gran heterogeneidad de estas propiedades, no existe una sola medida biologica o fisico-quimica para determinar el estado de salud o calidad de un suelo, asi, en la actualidad se utilizan multiples indicadores de calidad relacionados con las propiedades quimicas o biologicas que responden rapidamente a cambios en el manejo o perturbaciones del sistema. De entre ellas, destacan las actividades enzimaticas, que, actualmente, estan siendo ampliamente estudiadas. La agricultura es, tal vez, en la actualidad, la actividad antropogenica que mas perjudica de forma directa e indirecta, tanto en extension como en temporalidad, al suelo, y, sin embargo, es la actividad con menores restricciones normativas. En este trabajo exponemos una breve revision de algunos estudios que han abordado la medida de la calidad el suelo a traves de distintos indicadores microbiologicos basados en actividades enzimaticas y el efecto de algunas practicas de manejo sobre estas.
Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground‐based image networks (2014)

ABSTRACT High resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly produced from photographs acquired with consumer cameras, both from the ground and from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, although such DEMs may achieve centimetric detail, they can also display systematic broad‐scale error that restricts their wider use. Such errors which, in typical UAV data are expressed as a vertical ‘doming’ of the surface, result from a combination of near‐parallel imaging directions and inaccurate correction of radial lens distortion. Using simulations of multi‐image networks with near‐parallel viewing directions, we show that enabling camera self‐calibration as part of the bundle adjustment process inherently leads to erroneous radial distortion estimates and associated DEM error. This effect is relevant whether a traditional photogrammetric or newer structure‐from‐motion (SfM) approach is used, but errors are expected to be more pronounced in SfM‐based DEMs, for which use of control and check point measurements are typically more limited. Systematic DEM error can be significantly reduced by the additional capture and inclusion of oblique images in the image network; we provide practical flight plan solutions for fixed wing or rotor‐based UAVs that, in the absence of control points, can reduce DEM error by up to two orders of magnitude. The magnitude of doming error shows a linear relationship with radial distortion and we show how characterization of this relationship allows an improved distortion estimate and, hence, existing datasets to be optimally reprocessed. Although focussed on UAV surveying, our results are also relevant to ground‐based image capture. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Epidemiology of Fatty Liver in a Hospital-based Study in Taiwan (2002)

The prevalence of fatty liver is high in Taiwan. This study establishes background data for further investigation.
Strong UV absorption and emission from L-cysteine capped monodispersed gold nanoparticles (2009)

We report a synthesis of L-cysteine capped monodispersed gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) with size ∼2.0 nm exhibiting a strong surface plasmon resonance optical absorption at 3.13 eV, which is blueshifted by 1.01 eV compared to the uncapped Au NPs of size 20.0 nm. A strong fluorescence (FL) of the capped Au NPs appears at 3.25 eV, whereas the uncapped Au NPs do not show any FL in this range. The L-cysteine concentration has been optimized to achieve one of the strongest ultraviolet absorption and luminescence. The capping of Au NPs has been confirmed by Fourier transform infra red measurement.
The Weitek 64-bit Floating-point Datapath Unit (2005)

The WTL 3164 and VVTL 3364, jointly referred to as the WTL 3X64 are each 64-bit floating-point datapath units designed for high-speed operation in pipelined environment while making possible full compliance with the IEEE standard for binary floating-point arithmetic, as well as full interruptibility, including in pipelined environment. This paper describes the architecture and performance of the 3X64.
Methyiphenidate vs. amphetamine: Comparative review (2000)

This article compares the two most common medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), using data from controlled studies. Medline and Psychinfo searches were done for 1984-1996 with the key words methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine (AMP); these were supplemented with known prior and recent literature. Of 92 animal studies found, 15 showed clear differences between the two drugs. Ten reports of controlled crossover ADHD clinical trials (three in the same sample) and a dozen other articles comparing the two drugs in humans were found. MPH is a pure re-uptake inhibitor of catecholamines, especially dopamine; AMP also releases catecholamines. Lab animals showed differential interactions with other drugs and with behavioral paradigms. Human response profiles are noncongruent. An ADHD patient who fails on one stimulant should try the other. Of 174 patients in the 6 clearest crossover studies, 48 responded better to AMP, 27 to MPH, and at least 72 to both, which is an 87+% overall response rate if both are tried. All crossovers, except the one with comorbid Tourette's, showed a nonsignificant tendency for AMP superiority in response rate. Summed data suggest suspected differences in side effects (AMP more sleep and appetite loss and exacerbation of tics in comorbid Tourette's, MPH possibly more depression/apathy and stomachaches) and effects on comorbid disorders (AMP better for conduct/oppositional symptoms, MPH for Tourette's and possibly learning disorder (LD). Most of the clinical differences are tendencies rather than statistically significant.
A data-driven approach to cleaning large face datasets (2014)

Large face datasets are important for advancing face recognition research, but they are tedious to build, because a lot of work has to go into cleaning the huge amount of raw data. To facilitate this task, we describe an approach to building face datasets that starts with detecting faces in images returned from searches for public figures on the Internet, followed by discarding those not belonging to each queried person. We formulate the problem of identifying the faces to be removed as a quadratic programming problem, which exploits the observations that faces of the same person should look similar, have the same gender, and normally appear at most once per image. Our results show that this method can reliably clean a large dataset, leading to a considerable reduction in the work needed to build it. Finally, we are releasing the FaceScrub dataset that was created using this approach. It consists of 141,130 faces of 695 public figures and can be obtained from http://vintage.winklerbros.net/facescrub.html.
Carbon nanotubes length optimization for preparation of improved transparent and conducting thin film substrates (2017)

Transparent and conductive thin films of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different lengths were prepared on glass substrates by the spin coating method. In order to reduce the MWCNTs length, they were functionalized. The initial length of MWCNTs (10–15 μm) was reduced to 1200, 205 and 168 nm after 30, 60 and 120 min refluxing time, respectively. After post annealing at 285 °C for 24 h, the electrical and optical properties were greatly improved for functionalized MWCNT thin films. They strongly depend on the length of CNTs. The optical transmittance of the film prepared using 30 min reflux CNTs was 2.6% and 6.6% higher than that of the 60 min and 120 min refluxed samples respectively. The sheet resistance of this film showed reductions of 45% and 80% as well. The film also exhibited the least roughness. The percolative figure of merit, which is proportional to the transparency and disproportional to the sheet resistance, was found to be higher for the sample with 30 min refluxed MWCNTs.
Urinary catheters: history, current status, adverse events and research agenda (2015)

For more than 3500 years, urinary catheters have been used to drain the bladder when it fails to empty. For people with impaired bladder function and for whom the method is feasible, clean intermittent self-catheterization is the optimal procedure. For those who require an indwelling catheter, whether short- or long-term, the self-retaining Foley catheter is invariably used, as it has been since its introduction nearly 80 years ago, despite the fact that this catheter can cause bacterial colonization, recurrent and chronic infections, bladder stones and septicaemia, damage to the kidneys, the bladder and the urethra, and contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In terms of medical, social and economic resources, the burden of urinary retention and incontinence, aggravated by the use of the Foley catheter, is huge. In the UK, the harm resulting from the use of the Foley catheter costs the National Health Service between £1.0-2.5 billion and accounts for ∼2100 deaths per year. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of an alternative indwelling catheter system. The research agenda is for the new catheter to be easy and safe to insert, either urethrally or suprapubically, to be retained reliably in the bladder and to be withdrawn easily and safely when necessary, to mimic natural physiology by filling at low pressure and emptying completely without damage to the bladder, and to have control mechanisms appropriate for all users.
The Suppression of Peritoneal Cellular Immunity in Women With Endometriosis Could Be Restored After Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment (1996)

Impaired local immunological function in the PF of endometriosis was confirmed by this study and the impairments could be restored after long-term GnRHa therapy.
How to outwit the enemy: dendritic cells face <i>Salmonella</i> (2006)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever, a serious life-threatening systemic infection. In mice, a similar disease is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. During typhoid fever, soon after attachment to the mucosal surface of the gut, bacteria come into contact with the dendritic cells (DCs). The ability to sample antigens, process and present them to naïve and mature T cells, in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules, makes DCs indispensable for mounting a specific and efficient immune response to invading pathogens. These bacteria, however, have evolved a number of mechanisms to interfere with or subvert DC functions. This review aims to describe how Salmonella clashes with dendritic cells at different stages of infection as well as the war strategies of these two opposing sides.
Fast Exact ILP Decompositions for Ring RWA (2011)

Wavelength division multiplexing rings are now capable of supporting more than 100 wavelengths over a single fiber. Conventional link and path formulations for the routing and wavelength assignment problem are inefficient due to the inherent symmetry in wavelength assignment and the fact that the problem size increases fast with the number of wavelengths. Although a formulation based on maximal independent sets (MIS) does not have these drawbacks, it suffers from exponential growth in the number of variables with increasing network size. We develop a new ILP (integer linear program) formulation based on the key idea of partitioning the path set and representing the MIS in the original network using the independent sets calculated in each of these partitions. This exact decomposition trades off the number of variables with the number of constraints and, as a result, achieves a much better scalability in terms of network dimension. Numerical results on ring networks of various sizes demonstrate that this new ILP decomposition achieves a decrease of several orders of magnitude in running time compared to existing formulations. Our main contribution is a novel and extremely fast technique for obtaining, in a few seconds using commodity CPUs, optimal solutions to instances of maximum size SONET rings with any number of wavelengths; such instances cannot be tackled with classical formulations without vast investments in computational resources and time.
Reconstructing morpheme order in Bantu (2005)

The morphological ordering relationships among a set of valence-changing suffixes found throughout the Bantu family have been of theoretical interest in a number of synchronic studies of the daughter languages. However, few attempts have yet been made to reconstruct the principles governing their ordering in the parent language. Based on a survey of over thirty Bantu languages, this paper proposes a reconstruction wherein the order of suffixes marking causativization and applicativization was fixed in Proto-Bantu. This reconstruction runs counter to approaches to morphosyntax where semantic scope is taken to determine the order of morphemes but is consistent with templatic approaches to morpheme ordering in the Bantu family.
λ Integrase and the λ Int Family (2007)

This chapter starts with Allan Campbell's insightful proposal for the pathway by which the chromosome of bacteriophage λ is integrated into and excised from the chromosome of its Escherichia coli host. The chapter discusses different levels of λ Int family complexity. There are presently four classes of integron integrases, IntI1 to -4, sharing approximately 50% identity. In contrast to the IntI1 integrase, which has not suggested any striking deviations from its cousins, the integron recombination targets, attI1 and attC , present several new variations on λ Int family themes. Recombination between att sites with identical 7-bp spacer regions is not any more efficient than that for two sites differing at five positions. Recent evidence suggests that λ Int may have gone even further in evolving a dependence on arm binding. Whereas full Int binds very poorly to core-type DNA sites, C65 (lacking the N-terminal domain) binds very well. The amino acid and nucleotide residues responsible for distinction have been variously identified by genetic selections, construction of chimeric integrases (via recombination or site-directed mutagenesis), and alteration of core sites. Superimposing the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of vaccinia virus topoisomerase on the coordinates of the previously reported HP1 and Cre recombinase structures, it is apparent that the order and topology of the secondary and tertiary structural elements are strikingly similar. A unified topological mechanism of site-specific recombination by λ integrase family members has remained elusive until fairly recently, in contrast to the well-characterized mechanisms for several enzymes of the resolvase/invertase family.
Carcinoma is to Embryology as Mutation is to Genetics (1985)

Experiments are reviewed that indicate embryonic fields are capable of regulating the neoplastic attributes of their closely related carcinomas. In the case of blastocyst regulation of embryonal carcinoma cells the reaction is mediated by contact of the cancer cells with trophectodermal cells in the presence of blastocele fluid. In the case of regulation of melanoma, the reaction is mediated in the embryonic skin at the time normal melanocytes migrate into it. A diffusible factor that inhibits cell division and seems to affect differentiation is involved. In the case of neuroblastoma, a degree of regulation is demonstrable in the neural crest migratory pathway, but the maximal effect is found in the adrenal, renal, and testicular primordia. A factor inhibitory of mitosis for adenocarcinoma of the breast can be demonstrated in the breast primordium. It is concluded that there must be an embryonic field capable of regulating every kind of carcinoma: understanding of the phenomena may lead to a noncytotoxic cure for carcinoma, and through the use of cancer cells as probes of embryonic development to an understanding of embryonic induction.
On the Analysis of Cutting-Tool Temperatures (1954)

Abstract In modern machine-tool practice, cutting temperatures are assuming increasing importance as cutting speeds and feeds are increased and new materials of construction are introduced. Although methods are available for determining experimentally the mean temperature on the tool face of a cutting tool, it is not possible to determine experimentally the influence of many of the variables influencing this temperature, or to measure conveniently its components. The analytical procedure to be followed in computing cutting temperatures is presented and illustrated by several examples. The relative importance of the several variables influencing tool-face temperatures is discussed and the variables of real significance are listed in order of importance. The only important thermal quantity of the system is the product of the thermal conductivity and the volume of specific heat of the workpiece. Analytical results are employed to explain the unusually high temperatures that are observed in machining titanium alloys.
Fractal image compression on a pseudo spiral architecture (2005)

Fractal image compression is a relatively recent image compression method which exploits similarities in different parts of the image. The basic idea is to represent an image by fractals and each of which is the fixed point of an Iterated Function System (IFS). Therefore, an input image can be represented by a series of IFS codes rather than pixels. In this way, an impressive compression ratio 10000:1 can be achieved. The application of fractal image compression presented in this paper is based on a novel image structure, Spiral Architecture, which has hexagonal instead of square pixels as the basic element. In the paper evidence would suggest that introducing Spiral Architecture into fractal image compression will improve the compression performance in compression ratio with little suffering in image quality. There are also much research could be done in this area to further improve the results. Copyright © 2005, Australian Computer Society, Inc.
Formulation of colchicine ointment for the treatment of acute gout. (2012)

Ointments containing colchicine in low concentrations may be a feasible and effective treatment option for the prevention and treatment of acute gout attacks.
Thermology and facial telethermography. Part I: History and technical review (1998)

This paper is a review of historical trends and technical advances in measurement of skin temperature. Most biochemical processes generate heat which must be dissipated. Skin is the major route for heat dissipation using blood as the heat exchange fluid. Skin temperature is an indicator of aberrations in metabolism, hemodynamics or in neuronal thermoregulatory processes. Since most of the heat dissipation of skin is by infrared blackbody emission, skin temperature should be measured without contact by monitoring the emitted infrared radiation. This has been the basis of telethermography. Recent advances in computing technology combined with advanced infrared sensor technology has led to the development of dynamic area telethermometry (DAT) which promises to be as an important new quantitative method to analyse the pathophysiology of thermoregulatory processes.
Effect of the Fast Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse on the Electric Power Grid Nationwide: A Different View (1987)

This paper primarily considers the potential effects of a single high-altitude nuclear burst on the U.S. power grid. A comparison is made between EMP and natural phenomena such as lightning. This paper concludes that EMP is no more harmful to the power grid than its counterparts in natuire. An upper limit of the electric field of the very fast, high-amplitude EMP is derived from first principles. The resulting values are significantly lower than the commonly presented values. Additional calculations show that the ionization produced by a nuclear burst severely attenuates the EMP.