gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Ethanol Administration Decreases Phosphorylation of Cyclic AMP Response Element‐Binding Protein in Granule Cells of Rat Cerebellum (1998)

To help define the molecular basis of ethanol's actions on the nervous system, we have in previous studies demonstrated that ethanol administration triggers a robust increase in cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the cerebellum. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on the phosphorylation of CREB in rat cerebellum and to determine which cell types in the cerebellum display this response to ethanol. An acute ethanol challenge (3.0 g/kg of body weight) induced a rapid increase in content of the phosphorylated form of CREB, peaking at 30 min and declining to basal levels within 2 h. Immunocytochemical studies revealed prominent ethanol-induced changes in phosphoCREB in the granule cell layer, with little phosphoCREB apparent in Purkinje cells. Following chronic ethanol exposure (5 weeks), induction of CREB phosphorylation by a subsequent acute ethanol challenge was markedly attenuated. The attenuation in CREB phosphorylation was associated with a significant reduction in the levels of the catalytic unit of protein kinase A and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. In summary, induction of CREB phosphorylation in cerebellum is most prominent in the granule cell layer. Neuroadaptation to chronic ethanol exposure includes a reduction in nuclear protein kinase A and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV levels, an event associated with impaired CREB phosphorylation.
Security and privacy in mobile cloud computing (2013)

With the development of cloud computing and mobility, mobile cloud computing has emerged and become a focus of research. By the means of on-demand self-service and extendibility, it can offer the infrastructure, platform, and software services in a cloud to mobile users through the mobile network. Security and privacy are the key issues for mobile cloud computing applications, and still face some enormous challenges. In order to facilitate this emerging domain, we firstly in brief review the advantages and system model of mobile cloud computing, and then pay attention to the security and privacy in the mobile cloud computing. By deeply analyzing the security and privacy issues from three aspects: mobile terminal, mobile network and cloud, we give the current security and privacy approaches.
Evaluation of commonly-used farm disinfectants in wet and dry models of<i>Salmonella</i>farm contamination (2011)

Two experimental models of Salmonella contamination were used in an attempt to mimic the conditions of disinfectant use on farms. A wet model, for conditions such as boot dips, used disinfectant application to a slurry of poultry faeces inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium. A dry model, for disinfectant application to surfaces and equipment with adherent or residual organic material, used Salmonella-inoculated poultry faeces that were air-dried onto wooden dowels, immersed in disinfectant solution then left in air at room temperature overnight. All samples were subjected to a disinfectant neutralization step and resuscitation in broth, followed by Salmonella culture on semi-solid then indicator media. Disinfectants were tested at 0.5x, 1x and 2x the concentrations specified for the general control of bacterial pathogens on livestock premises in the UK (Defra General Orders rates). Chlorocresol-based disinfectants provided consistently high rates of Salmonella killing in both wet and dry tests. Formaldehyde-containing disinfectants showed very high efficacy in the dry test but were less effective in the shorter wet test, whereas the efficacy of glutaraldehyde without formaldehyde was variable between products. Other chemical classes tested (quaternary ammonium compounds, amphoteric surfactants, iodine preparations, peroxygens and a substituted phenol blend) were only moderately effective. They often required concentrations above General Orders rates to eliminate the test salmonellas, and frequently elimination was not achieved even under maximal conditions of concentration and exposure.
Life Coach: Using Big Data and Analytics to Facilitate the Attainment of Life Goals (2016)

Most of Big Data and Analytics work is focused on getting people to do what other people want them to do. What if it could be turned around? What if all the data collected on or about individuals could instead be used to help individuals in ways they want to be helped? What if the data could help individuals achieve their life goals and dreams, and coach them through the process of life? If these individuals benefit from such a service and begin living happier, balanced, and fulfilled lives they will also become more beneficial employees to organizations and more successful members of society. In this paper, we are proposing a conceptual model of how such a system might be developed and used to benefit employees, organizations, and common citizens to build a better world through information systems. This includes assistance and guidance with careers, health, sustainability, relationships, personal finances, and overall happiness and well-being.
Vocal and other behaviour of Stierling's woodpecker Dendropicos stierlingi (1981)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Schwann cells genetically engineered to express PSA show enhanced migratory potential without impairment of their myelinating ability in vitro (2006)

Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells of the PNS, are attractive candidates for remyelination therapy as they can remyelinate CNS axons. Yet their integration in CNS tissue appears hampered, at least in part, by their limited motility in the CNS environment. As the polysialylated (PSA) form of NCAM regulates migration of neural precursors in the CNS and is not expressed by developing Schwann cells, we investigated whether conferring sustained expression of PSA to Schwann cells derived from postnatal rats enhances their motility. Cells were transduced with a retrovirus encoding polysialyl-transferase STX, an enzyme that synthesizes PSA on NCAM. Migration of wild type and transduced cells expressing STX or the marker gene alkaline phosphatase was examined using a gap bridging assay in dissociated cells and by grafting cells in slice cultures of postnatal brain. Migration of PSA expressing cells was significantly increased in both models, as compared to control cells, and this effect was abolished by endoneuraminidase-N stripping of PSA. PSA-positive Schwann cells retained the ability to differentiate in vitro and expressed the Krox20 and P zero myelination markers. When grafted in neonatal cerebellar slices, STX-transduced cells started to myelinate Purkinje cell axons like control cells and make myelin internodes after 2 to 3 weeks. PSA was redistributed on the cell membrane and downregulated during differentiation in pure Schwann cell cultures and slice co-cultures. Thus, migratory properties of PNS myelin-forming cells within the CNS can be enhanced without altering their differentiation program. This finding may be beneficial for the development of remyelination therapies.
Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic profiles in fulminant hepatic failure: Relationship to outcome (2005)

The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the potential role of cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic factors in the outcome of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Based on the literature, a hypothetical model was proposed in which physiologic changes progress sequentially in five phases, as defined by intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements. Seventy-six cerebral physiologic profiles were obtained in 26 patients (2 to 5 studies each) within 6 days of FHF diagnosis. ICP was continuously measured by an extradural fiber optic monitor. Global CBF estimates were obtained by xenon clearance techniques. Jugular venous and peripheral artery catheters permitted calculation of cerebral arteriovenous oxygen differences (AVDO2), from which cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was derived. A depressed CMRO2 was found in all patients. There was no evidence of cerebral ischemia as indicated by elevated AVDO2s. Instead, over 65% of the patients revealed cerebral hyperemia. Eight of the 26 patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation-all recovered neurologically, including 6 with elevated ICPs. Of the 18 patients receiving medical treatment only, all 7 with increased ICP died in contrast to 9 survivors whose ICP remained normal (P < 0.004). Hyperemia, per se, was not related to outcome, although it occurred more frequently at the time of ICP elevations. Six patients were studied during brain death. All 6 revealed malignant intracranial hypertension, preceded by hyperemia. In conclusion, the above findings are consistent with the hypothetical model proposed. Prospective longitudinal studies are recommended to determine the precise evolution of the pathophysiologic changes.
The Escherichia coli glycine transport system and its role in the regulation of the glycine cleavage enzyme system (1995)

An Escherichia coli K12 mutant defective in both serine biosynthesis (serA) and glycine transport (cycA) was found to exhibit a glycine cleavage negative (GCV-) phenotype, i.e. was unable to use glycine as a serine source. While [2-14C]glycine uptake and induction of a lambda gcvT::lacZ fusion were greatly reduced in a cycA mutant compared to the wild-type, both strains exhibited parallel increases in uptake and induction with increasing exogenous glycine concentrations. A plasmid carrying the wild-type cyc region complemented the GCV- phenotype and restored both glycine uptake and glycine-inducible gcvT::lacZ expression. Wild-type and cycA strains grown in the presence of either a glycine-containing tripeptide or threonine, which can be degraded internally into glycine, exhibited similar induction of the gcvT::lacZ fusion. However, when a gcv mutation, which causes glycine to accumulate within the cell, was introduced into the cycA strain, there was increased induction of the gcvT::lacZ fusion, but induction was less than that observed in a gcv cycA+ strain. It is proposed that cyc serves primarily in the regulation of gcv by transporting glycine into the cell, which endogenously induces gcv expression. However, the possibility of some form of exogenous regulation of gcv, mediated by the cyc-encoded glycine transport system, exists.
Isolation and characterization of an R' plasmid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1978)

An R' plasmid, R'PA1, carrying a 3- to 4-min segment of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome has been derived from the incP-1 plasmid R68.45. The chromosomal segment includes the markers argA, argB, argH, and lys-12. The plasmid retains all the properties of R68.45, including chromosome mobilization ability and wide bacterial host range. R'PA1 reverts to R68.45 in rec+ strains of P. aeruginosa, but it can be maintained in a recA strain.
Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model. (2002)

This study examined whether chronic stress impairs the immune system's capacity to respond to hormonal signals that terminate inflammation. Fifty healthy adults were studied; half were parents of cancer patients, and half were parents of healthy children. Parents of cancer patients reported more psychological distress than parents of healthy children. They also had flatter diurnal slopes of cortisol secretion, primarily because of reduced output during the morning hours. There was also evidence that chronic stress impaired the immune system's response to anti-inflammatory signals: The capacity of a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone to suppress in vitro production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 was diminished among parents of cancer patients. Findings suggest a novel pathway by which chronic stress might alter the course of inflammatory disease.
Colorectal cancer with and without microsatellite instability involves different genes (1999)

There is evidence supporting a multistep genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. In familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP), the inherited defect is a mutation in the APC gene. The vast majority of all sporadic colorectal cancers also show mutations in the APC gene, and the tumorigenesis in sporadic colorectal cancer and FAP is assumed to involve the same genes. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is associated with germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes and, as a result of defective mismatch repair, microsatellite instability (MSI) is frequently seen. Tumorigenesis in HNPCC was first thought to involve mutations in the same genes as in FAP and sporadic colorectal cancer. Recently, however, an alternative pathway to development of colorectal cancer has been suggested in colorectal tumors with MSI, compared to those tumors without the MSI phenotype. We used a consecutive series of 191 sporadic colorectal cancers to find out if there were any differences between the two groups of tumors regarding the prevalence of mutations in the APC, KRAS, TP53, and TGFβR2 genes. As expected, 86% (19/22) of MSI-positive tumors showed a mutation in TGFβR2, while only one of 164 (0.6%) MSI-negative tumors did. A highly statistically significant negative association was found between MSI and alterations in APC and TP53. The MSI-positive tumors were screened for mutations in exon 3 of β-catenin, which has been suggested to substitute for the APC mutation in the genesis of colorectal cancer, without finding mutations in any of the 22 MSI-positive tumors. The number of mutations found in KRAS was lower in MSI-positive than in MSI-negative tumors but the difference was not statistically significant. Our results strongly support the idea that carcinogenesis in MSI-positive and MSI-negative colorectal cancer develops through different pathways. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:247–252, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Set of Principles to Interconnect the Solutions of Physical Systems (1953)

A set of principles and a systematic procedure are presented to establish the exact solutions of very large and complicated physical systems, without solving a large number of simultaneous equations and without finding the inverse of large matrices. The procedure consists of tearing the system apart into several smaller component systems. After establishing and solving the equations of the component systems, the component solutions themselves are interconnected to obtain outright, by a set of transformations, the exact solution of the original system. The only work remaining is the elimination or solution of the comparatively few superfluous constraints appearing at the points of interconnection. The component and resultant solutions may be either exact or approximate and may represent either linear or, with certain precautions, nonlinear physical systems. The component solutions may be expressed in numerical form or in terms of matrices having as their elements real or complex numbers, functions of time, or differential or other operators, etc. Boundary value, characteristic value, and time-varying problems of partial differential equations, as well as problems in ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations may be solved in this manner. The method shown may be extended and generalized so that one can tear apart and afterward reconstruct the solution of extremely large or highly intricate physical systems, often without calculating any inverse matrices at all and always without carrying along unduly large matrices. This extension and generalization of the method is analogous to building skyscrapers by erecting first a steel framework and only afterward filling the gaps between the girders as needed. Those versed in the science of tensorial analysis of interrelated physical systems on the one hand and of large electrical networks on the other, should thereby be able to solve, with the aid of already available digital computers, highly complex physical systems possessing tens of thousands and, in special cases, even hundreds of thousands of variables. The accuracy of machine calculations, of coding and even the correctness of the analytical procedure itself may be simultaneously checked by physical tests at various stages of the computation. The saving in computing time is considerable even in smaller problems; by tearing a physical system into n parts, the usual machine calculations are reduced, in matrix inversion for instance, to a fraction of about 2/n2. The present paper develops in detail the solution of a simple boundary value problem of Poisson's equation. A numerical example of interconnecting the solutions of large electric-power transmission systems appears in reference 3. Many simpler numerical examples are worked out in reference 1.
Microprocessor-Based Adaptive Speed and Position Control for Electrical Drives (1985)

Microprocessor-based adaptive speed and position control of an electrical drive with variable load parameters is investigated. The on-line identification is carried out with the help of the recursive least squares algorithm, and a pole-assignment procedure provides a direct way of updating the parameters of the controllers. Time-optimal and quasi-time-optimal adaptive position control is presented. The proposed control scheme was implemented on a microprocessor system and was applied to control a 40-kW converter-fed dc drive. Experimental results are presented.
Einstein unmasked (2008)

This is a remarkable and, at times, bewilderingly diverse volume. Consisting of 20 essays that represent the proceedings of a conference held in 2005 in Berlin, Germany, during the International Year of Physics, it offers insights into Einstein's influence on a swathe of human activity. In the introduction the distinguished editors make some remarkable claims for the book, calling it "an unique attempt" and saying that "there is no better introduction to...string theory", while the first essay states "Not since Newton's Principia..." Clearly this is a volume that aspires to high standards.
Welcome (2011)

The Steering Committee for 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting cordially invite you to join us in Spokane, Washington for what we believe will be both a productive and pleasurable event. The technical program will cover a vast array of electromagnetic topics, including the latest breakthroughs in antenna design, wireless communications, exotic materials, biomedical applications and numerical methods, to name just a few. Please see the Call for Papers for more specific information. The technical program will be augmented by a series of workshops and short courses that are designed to teach and inform attendees about the latest advances in electromagnetic science, engineering, and applications. To round off the program, a comprehensive social and spouses' program will be provided that will highlight the unique venues and attractions of the City of Spokane and the surrounding beauty of the Pacific Northwest.
<i>De novo</i> design of defined helical bundles in membrane environments (2004)

Control of structure and function in membrane proteins remains a formidable challenge. We report here a new design paradigm for the self-assembly of protein components in the context of nonpolar environments of biological membranes. An incrementally staged assembly process relying on the unique properties of fluorinated amino acids was used to drive transmembrane helix-helix interactions. In the first step, hydrophobic peptides partitioned into micellar lipids. Subsequent phase separation of simultaneously hydrophobic and lipophobic fluorinated helical surfaces fueled spontaneous self-assembly of higher order oligomers. The creation of these ordered transmembrane protein ensembles is supported by gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
LCR: a linear conflict resolution algorithm for local/metropolitan area networks (2003)

A protocol for unidirectional broadcast bus networks, called linear conflict resolution (LCR), is introduced. This protocol is shown to be suitable for both local-area-network and metropolitan-area-network environments. It is shown that not only could the maximum throughput of LCR be increased toward 100%, but also the network is able in that the delay is finite for all the operating conditions, and the channel capacity of the LCR protocol is less sensitive to the bus characteristics than most of the existing protocols. Numerical results indicate that LCR exhibits good performance over a wide range of network sizes, and, in general, its capacity is better than the capacities of the 13 existing protocols mentioned. The LCR protocol is particularly well suited for a fiber-optic local area network or metropolitan area network which is relatively long with a very high bandwidth and a large user population.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>