gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prototype integrated system of DOI- PET and the RF-coil specialized for simultaneous PET-MRI measurements (2012)

We are developing a PET system integrated with a birdcage RF coil for PET-MRI. The integrated system is intended to realize a highly sensitive PET system for simultaneous measurements. In the proposed PET-MRI system, PET detectors which consist of scintillator crystal blocks, photo sensors and front-end circuits with four-layer DOl encoding capability are placed close to the objective. Therefore, the proposed system can achieve high sensitivity without degradation of spatial resolution at the edge of the FOV due to parallax error. The photo sensors and front-end circuits should be shielded to minimize noises from the MRI and noise influence on the MRI imaging. Elements of the RF coil are inserted between the crystal blocks inside of the shielding material so as not to interfere with the RF-pulse. At the last MIC conference, we demonstrated the possibility of realizing the proposed PET-MRI system with a prototype PET detector and a commercial RF-coil. The prototype PET detector consisted of a LGSO crystal block and a 4 × 4 MPPC array. The crystals were arranged in a 4 × 4 × 4 layer with four-layer DOl capability. The detector and electrical circuit were packaged in an aluminum shielding box. Since they were located inside the MRI magnetic field, most circuit elements were made of nonmagnetic materials. As a next step, we constructed a new RF-coil system which can be mounted on PET detectors between each coil element. We carried out experiments with the prototype RF-coil and the fourlayer DOl detector. The prototype RF-coil has eight RF-coil elements and the PET detector can be mounted on gaps between them. Only one detector was mounted in the gap positioned at one side of the prototype RF-coil. We evaluated the performances from the 2D flood histogram, energy resolution and MRI images. We observed
Two Overlapping Domains of a Lyssavirus Matrix Protein That Acts on Different Cell Death Pathways (2010)

The lyssavirus matrix (M) protein induces apoptosis. The regions of the M protein that are essential for triggering cell death pathways are not yet clearly defined. We therefore compared the M proteins from two viruses that have contrasting characteristics in terms of cellular apoptosis: a genotype 3 lyssavirus, Mokola virus (MOK), and a genotype 1 rabies virus isolated from a dog from Thailand (THA). We identified a 20-amino-acid fragment (corresponding to positions 67 to 86) that retained the cell death activities of the full-length M protein from MOK via both the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity. We found that the amino acids at positions 77 and 81 have an essential role in triggering these two cell death pathways. Directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the amino acid at position 77 affects CcO activity, whereas the amino acid at position 81 affects TRAIL-dependent apoptosis. Mutations in the full-length M protein that compromised induction of either of these two pathways resulted in delayed apoptosis compared with the time to apoptosis for the nonmutated control.
Computer-assisted planning and navigation improves cutting accuracy during simulated bone tumor surgery of the pelvis (2012)

Cutting accuracy during simulated bone cuts of the pelvis can be significantly improved by using a freehand process assisted by a navigation system. When fully validated with complementary in vivo studies, the planning and navigation-guided technologies that have been developed for the present study may improve bone cutting accuracy during pelvic tumor resection by providing clinically acceptable margins.
Prediction of susceptibility to the porcine stress syndrome (1983)

An experiment designed to compare different predictors of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) was conducted. Animals were exposed to the anesthetic gas, halothane, and their reactions monitored to determine susceptibility or resistance to PSS. Two blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) traits plus their logs10 were examined as predictors of PSS susceptibility. These were Sigma CPK, Antonik CPK, log Sigma CPK, and log Antonik CPK. The accuracy of these predictors varied from 87 percent to 91 percent in agreement with halothane-determined stress susceptibility. In addition, the relationship of PSS and blood types systems (AO,H) were studied. Two blood types, (+,-/-) and (-,+/+), were consistently stress susceptible while three blood types, (+,a/a), (+,a/c), and (+,c/-), were consistently stress resistant. However, one blood type (+,a/-) contained both stress-susceptible and stress-resistant individuals.
Solidification Behavior of a Nickel-base Superalloy, IN-100 (1985)

Solidification behavior of IN-100 and effect of alloying elements on it were investigated by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), microstructural observation, X-ray diffraction, and EPMA analysis.In alloy IN-100, it was revealed that six phase reactions took place successively during cooling from melt. These reactions and the onset temperatures were as follows, 1) L→γ(1 329°C), 2) L→γ+MC(D) (1319°C), 3) L→γ+MC(ID) (1 310°C), 4) L→γ+γ' (1 259°C), 5)γγ'→(1 210°C), and 6) L→γ+M3B2 (1 200°C), where L is melt, γ is fcc phase. MC(D) and MC(ID) denote MC carbides formed among dendrite arms and interdendritic regions, respectively. γ' is Ll2 type ordered phase and M3B2 denotes boride phase.The occurrence of two kinds of carbide reactions ((2) and (3)) and M3B2 eutectic reaction ((6)) was identified for the first time in this study. SEM observation on the carbides, which were embossed on the γ matrix by an electrolytic etching, showed that the carbides had three types of morphology. These were blocky, lattice-like and flaky in shape. It was found that the blocky carbides were contained in MC(D), while the lattice-like and flaky carbides were frequently found in MC(ID). The influence of C, Al, Ti, and B on the above phase reactions and solidified structure was also clarified.
Nitrogen fixation in the activated sludge treatment of thermomechanical pulping wastewater: effect of dissolved oxygen (2003)

N-ViroTech, a novel technology which selects for nitrogen-fixing bacteria as the bacteria primarily responsible for carbon removal, has been developed to treat nutrient limited wastewaters to a high quality without the addition of nitrogen, and only minimal addition of phosphorus. Selection of the operating dissolved oxygen level to maximise nitrogen fixation forms a key component of the technology. Pilot scale activated sludge treatment of a thermomechanical pulping wastewater was carried out in nitrogen-fixing mode over a 15 month period. The effect of dissolved oxygen was studied at three levels: 14% (Phase 1), 5% (Phase 2) and 30% (Phase 3). The plant was operated at an organic loading of 0.7-1.1 kg BOD5/m3/d, a solids retention time of approximately 10 d, a hydraulic retention time of 1.4 d and a F:M ratio of 0.17-0.23 mg BOD5/mg VSS/d. Treatment performance was very stable over the three dissolved oxygen operating levels. The plant achieved 94-96% BOD removal, 82-87% total COD removal, 79-87% soluble COD removal, and >99% total extractives removal. The lowest organic carbon removals were observed during operation at 30% DO but were more likely to be due to phosphorus limitation than operation at high dissolved oxygen, as there was a significant decrease in phosphorus entering the plant during Phase 3. Discharge of dissolved nitrogen, ammonium and oxidised nitrogen were consistently low (1.1-1.6 mg/L DKN, 0.1-0.2 mg/L NH4+-N and 0.0 mg/L oxidised nitrogen). Discharge of dissolved phosphorus was 2.8 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 0.6 mg/L DRP in Phases 1, 2 and 3 respectively. It was postulated that a population of polyphosphate accumulating bacteria developed during Phase 1. Operation at low dissolved oxygen during Phase 2 appeared to promote biological phosphorus uptake which may have been affected by raising the dissolved oxygen to 30% in Phase 3. Total nitrogen and phosphorus discharge was dependent on efficient secondary clarification, and improved over the course of the study as suspended solids discharge improved. Nitrogen fixation was demonstrated throughout the study using an acetylene reduction assay. Based on nitrogen balances around the plant, there was a 55, 354 and 98% increase in nitrogen during Phases 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There was a significant decrease in phosphorus between Phases 1 and 2, and Phase 3 of the study, as well as a significant increase in nitrogen between Phases 2 and 3 which masked the effect of changing the dissolved oxygen. Operation at low dissolved oxygen appeared to confer a competitive advantage to the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
The dynamics of peak cavity pressure in injection molding (1987)

Abstract The modification of the injection‐molding machine, incorporating additional filters, an accumulator, and a servovalve, was shown to reduce the peak cavity pressure variations, in as much as the variations using the microprocessor system were random in comparison to the variations using the normal mode of operation, which exhibited nonstationarity and autoregressive behavior. If the peak hydraulic pressure could be randomized, then the peak cavity pressure variations also would be random. No closed‐loop control would be needed to control the peak cavity pressure.
Sensitization of photosensitivity of photothermoplastic holographic recording media by metal (Zinc, Dysprosium) mono-and diphthalocyanines in the presence of praseodymium sesquioxide (2008)

Holographic properties, dark conductivity, and photoconductivity of films based on carbazolyl-containing cooligomer doped with zinc 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutylphthalocyanine (PcBuZn), double-decker dysprosium phthalocyanine (Dy(Pc)2), and Pr2O3 particles were studied. The films with PcBuZn are characterized by higher photoconductivity, which is due to photogeneration of long-lived triplet charge pairs. The presence of Dy in the sensitizer molecules or Pr2O3 in the films enhances their photoconductivity, a change that is attributed to an increase in the rate of the singlet-triplet intersystem crossing of the charge pairs.
Interleaved T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> relaxation time mapping for cardiac applications (2009)

The interleaved sequence acquires data for the calculation of T(1) and T(2) maps in only one scan without the need for registration. This technique has the potential to differentiate between acute and chronic MI by estimating the concentration of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in the necrotic tissue and to assess the extent of edema from T(2) maps.
Novel low-voltage low-power full-swing BiNMOS logic gate (1998)

Abstract This paper presents a new full-swing BiNMOS gate with improved power efficiency, superior power consumption with supply voltages down to 1.2V and significantly reduced layout area. The new circuit was compared with bootstrapped-based BiCMOS logic styles, and the standard CMOS logic style. Low-power methodology was used for the optimization of all gates. Tests have been performed at various power supply voltages (0.9V-3V), with various output load capacitances (0.1pF-1pF), at 50MHz frequency and 27°C temperature. At 1.2V and output loads 0.1pF to 0.81pF, the new circuit has up to 2.8 times better power efficiency than the best bootstrapped BiCMOS style reported and consumes 20%-49% less switching power. Under optimal conditions (V dd = 1.6V), the new design has up to 37% higher power efficiency than conventional CMOS logic for loads 0.4pF to 1pF and up to 112% better power efficiency than the best reported BiCMOS style for output loads 0.1pF-0.95pF. Test circuits have been designed and fabricated with 0.8 µm BiCMOS technology with V thn = 0.8 V and V thp = -0.9 V.
Bovine Dwarfism: Clinical, Biochemical, Radiological and Pathological Aspects (1987)

Summary A total of 27 clinically diagnosed bovine dwarfs were submitted as part of a continuous investigation into the frequency, nature, and cause of congenital defects in cattle. The dwarfs varied in age, sex, breed, and phenotypic appearance. Haematological, enzymological and karyotype findings were not significantly different from normal calves. Macroscopic findings were variable. Four calves had small or cystic pituitary glands and were suspected to be pituitary‐type dwarfs. One had chronic renal disease and elevated plasma somatomedin‐C levels and was considered a renal‐type dwarf. Two calves had thymic lymphosarcoma, which could account for thymic‐associated dwarfism. Four calves had chronic debilitating diseases (one mesothelioma, two pleuropneumonia, and one omental bursitis) which could explain the abnormal growth. Reasons for dwarfism in the other 14 calves were not determined. Histological, biochemical, and radiological evidence, and the possible inheritance pattern in two “bulldog” type Holstein dwarfs indicated a similarity to human achondrogenesis type II dwarfism and so this condition might be a good model for human chondrodystrophy. Zusammenfassung Boviner Zwergwuchs: Klinische, biochemische, radiologische und pathologische Aspekte: Insgesamt wurden 27 klinisch diagnostizierte Fälle von Zwergwuchs im Rahmen einer fortlaufenden Studie über Frequenz, Art und Ursache von kongenitalen Defekten beim Rind untersucht. Die Zwerge unterschieden sich bezüglich Alter, Geschlecht, Rasse und Phenotyp. Die hämatologischen, enzymologischen und Karyotyp‐Befunde unterschieden sich nicht von denjenigen normaler Kälber. Die makroskopischen Befunde waren variabel. Vier Kälber hatten kleine oder cystisch entartete Hypophysen und repräsentierten vermutlich hypophysäre Zwerge. Ein Kalb hatte einen chronischen Nierenschaden und erhöhte Plasma‐Somatomedin C‐Spiegel und wurde als Zwerg von renalem Typ angesehen. Zwei Kälber wiesen Lymphosarkome des Thymus auf und repräsentierten daher wahrscheinlich einen Thymus‐assoziierten Zwergwuchs. Vier Kälber hatten schwere chronische Erkrankungen (ein Mesotheliom, zweimal Bronchopneumonie und eine omentale Bursitis), die als Erklärung für das abnormale Wachstum in Betracht kommen. Die Ursachen für den Zwergwuchs in weiteren 14 Fällen wurden nicht ermittelt. Histologische, biochemische und radiologische Hinweise sowie das mögliche Vererbungsmuster bei zwei Holstein‐Zwergen vom Bulldoggen‐Typ deuten auf eine Ähnlichkeit zum menschlichen Zwergwuchs “Achondrogenese Typ II” hin. Damit könnte dieser Typ des bovinen Zwergwuchses ein gutes Modell für die menschliche Chondrodystrophie sein.
An associative interpretation of the indirect McCollough effect. (1995)

Following an induction procedure in which a coloured grid is alternated with a square of a complementary colour, subjects report colour after-effects on both the grid orientation present during induction and the orthogonal non-induced grid orientation. The after-effect reported on the induced grid orientation is called the McCollough effect (ME). The after-effect reported on the non-induced grid orientation is called the indirect ME. There is evidence that the ME represents an instance of Pavlovian conditioning. The present results support a conditioning interpretation of the indirect ME and are inconsistent with interpretations of the indirect ME that attribute the phenomenon to special orthogonal coding mechanisms within the visual system.
ChemInform Abstract: New Pomolic Acid Triterpene Glycosides from Zygophyllum eichwaldii (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Influence of Interlayer Exchange Coupling on Magnetic Ordering in Fe-based Heterostructures (2007)

Temperature dependent magnetization measurements were conducted on Fe-based heterostructures. A linear increase of the magnetic critical temperature with increasing Fe thickness was found for Fe/V superlattices with strong interlayer exchange coupling. For weakly coupled Fe/V superlattices anomalous values of the critical exponent β were attributed to differences in the effective interlayer exchange coupling in the surface region and in the interior of the superlattice stack. Hydrogen loading of a sample containing a thin Fe film, up to a maximum pressure of 4 mbar gave an increase of the magnetic critical temperature of ≈21 K. A sample with a double layer of Fe, exchange coupled over V, showed oscillations in the critical temperature when loaded to increasing pressure of hydrogen. The oscillations in the critical temperature indicate the presence of quasi-2D phases. Superlattices of Fe and V were investigated by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. It was found that the orbital magnetic moment shows the same trend as the magnetic anisotropy energy with thickness of the Fe layers. A model which takes into account a varying strain and interface density successfully described the changes in the orbital magnetic moment. The magnetization was measured as a function of temperature for a series of magnetically δ-doped Pd samples. A thin film of Fe induced a magnetic moment in surrounding Pd layers, leading to a magnetic thickness one order of magnitude larger than the thickness of the Fe film. A crossover in the magnetic spatial dimensionality was found as the thickness of the Fe film increased from ≈0.4 monolayers to ≈1 monolayer. First principle calculations of the magnetization profile together with a spin wave quantum well model were used to explain the dimensionality crossover by an increase in the available thermal energy for population of perpendicular spin wave modes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Directed Decarbonylation of Trans Trimethylsilyl Formyl Octalins. (1990)

Abstract The silicon‐directed decarbonylation of the trans‐trimethylsilyl aldehydes (I) proceeds in the presence of 1,2‐ethanediol (II) and BF 3 to give the products (III)‐(V) with great preference for the isomers (III).
Acoustics of fluid conveying elastic structures (1995)

Acoustic waves are considered that are propagating in a layered structure consisting of elastic layers with ideal fluid moving between them. This is a simple model of a fluid-filled porous medium. First discussed is the dependence of the dispersion curves on the relative velocity of the fluid and on the material and geometrical parameters of the constituents. Dispersion relations for a periodic layering are derived explicitly. Different asymptotic limits can be obtained, which reduce to known solutions for interfacial acoustical wave motion in the presence of flow. The main focus of this talk is the possibility of instabilities triggered by the moving fluid in the layered system. The role of such acoustical instabilities in nonlinear dynamics of poroelastic fluid-filled media is discussed. This effect can be viewed as a generalized flutter phenomenon, made possible by the permeability of the pore space. [Work supported by ONR.]
A role for the Hsp90 molecular chaperone family in antigen presentation to T lymphocytes via major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (2006)

The heat shock protein (HSP) Hsp90 is known to chaperone cytosolic peptides for MHC class I (MHCI)-restricted antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. We now demonstrate a role for Hsp90 activity in presentation of antigens on MHCII. Treatment of mouse antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the pharmacological Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, inhibited MHCII-mediated presentation of endocytosed and cytosolic proteins as well as synthetic peptides to specific T cells. Ectopic expression of human Hsp90 in APC enhanced MHCII-mediated antigen presentation. Further, pharmacological Hsp90 inhibition reduced, while retroviral Hsp90 overexpression enhanced, the levels of stable compact MHCII heterodimers correlating with the antigen presentation phenotype. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 activity in IFN-gamma-treated APC resulted in severe abrogation of MHCII-restricted presentation of cytosolic antigen, but only partially inhibited exogenous antigen presentation. Our data suggest a major role for Hsp90 activity in MHCII-mediated antigen presentation pathways, and implicate IFN-gamma-inducible Hsp90-independent mechanisms.
High prevalence of anaphylaxis in patients with systemic mastocytosis – a single‐centre experience (2013)

Anaphylaxis is more prevalent in patients with SM, predominantly in patients with atopic SM. Hymenoptera venom-induced and idiopathic anaphylaxis were the most frequent elicitors. Our findings implicate that all mastocytosis patients with anaphylaxis should undergo detailed allergological assessment before considering treatment and preventive measures.
Photoinduced Hole Injection into a Self-Assembled π-Extended G-Quadruplex (2015)

We have prepared a G-quadruplex (GQ-1) that incorporates an 8-(4'-aminophenylethynyl)guanine (GEAn) electron donor covalently attached to a 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-imide (ANI) chromophore and a naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) (NDI) electron acceptor (GEAn-ANI-NDI, 1). In the presence of KPF6 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1 self-assembles into a monodisperse, C4-symmetric GQ-1 with small spatial intraquadruplex overlap between the ANI-NDI units. Photoexcitation of monomeric 1 induces the two-step charge transfer GEAn-(1)*ANI-NDI → GEAn(+•)-ANI(-•)-NDI → GEAn(+•)-ANI-NDI(-•) that occurs in τ(CS1) = 5 ps and τ(CS2) = 330 ps, respectively, while charge recombination in ca. 300 ns. Sharpening of the GEAn(+•) transient absorption and a shift of the ethynyl vibrational frequency in 1 were observed, concomitant with the stepwise electron transfer from ANI(-•) to NDI. Formation of GQ-1 from 1 in THF increases the secondary charge-shifting rate (τ(CS2) = 110 ps) and results in no change in ethynyl vibrational frequency. Charge recombination in GQ-1 is slowed by enhanced radical-pair intersystem crossing driven by the greater number of hyperfine couplings in the assembly. Moreover, time-resolved EPR spectroscopy shows that the spin-spin-exchange interaction (J) between the radicals of GEAn(+•)-ANI-NDI(-•) within GQ-1 is smaller than that of 1, suggesting that the spin (charge) density in GEAn(+•) is more dispersed in GQ-1. The spectroscopic results are consistent with hole sharing among the guanines within the G-quadruplex that is kinetically competitive with the formation of GEAn(+•). This suggests that G-quadruplexes can serve as effective hole conduits in ordered donor-acceptor assemblies.
Betulinic acid is a PPARγ antagonist that improves glucose uptake, promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis (2017)

PPAR antagonists are ligands that bind their receptor with high affinity without transactivation activity. Recently, they have been demonstrated to maintain insulin-sensitizing and antidiabetic properties, and they serve as an alternative treatment for metabolic diseases. In this work, an affinity-based bioassay was found to be effective for selecting PPAR ligands from the dried extract of an African plant (Diospyros bipindensis). Among the ligands, we identified betulinic acid (BA), a compound already known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and antidiabetic properties, as a PPARγ and PPARα antagonist. Cell differentiation assays showed that BA inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis; either down-regulates or does not affect the expression of a series of adipogenic markers; and up-regulates the expression of osteogenic markers. Moreover, BA increases basal glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The crystal structure of the complex of BA with PPARγ sheds light, at the molecular level, on the mechanism by which BA antagonizes PPARγ, and indicates a unique binding mode of this antagonist type. The results of this study show that the natural compound BA could be an interesting and safe candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and bone diseases.