gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivatives of Sulfenic Acids. I. Reactions of 2-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride, 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride and of the Corresponding Sulfenyl Thiocyanates with Olefins and with Methyl Ketones (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Sulfenic Acids. I. Reactions of 2-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride, 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride and of the Corresponding Sulfenyl Thiocyanates with Olefins and with Methyl KetonesNorman Kharasch, Herbert L. Wehrmeister, and Henry TigermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 7, 1612–1615Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01199a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01199a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accuracy of navigation: a comparative study of infrared optical and electromagnetic navigation. (2008)

We evaluated the accuracy of navigation systems for measuring the mechanical axis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and in the synthetic bone model. Infrared optical and electromagnetic navigation systems were compared. Both systems were found to be accurate and reproducible in an experimental environment. However, the accuracies of both systems were affected by erroneous registration, and the optical system was found to be more reproducible. In clinical situations, the mean difference was 1.23 degrees, and difference greater than 3 degrees occurred in 15% of clinical trials. These discordances may have been due to ambiguous anatomic landmarks causing registration errors and the possibility of electromagnetic signal interference in the operating room.
<i>meso</i>-Aryl-Substituted Subporphyrins:  Synthesis, Structures, and Large Substituent Effects on Their Electronic Properties (2007)

Two synthetic methods of meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrins have been developed by means of the reaction of pyridine-tri-N-pyrrolylborane with a series of aryl aldehydes. One method relies on the condensation under Adler conditions with chloroacetic acid in refluxing 1,2-dichlorobenzene to afford subporphyrins in 1.1-3.2%, and the other is a two-step reaction consisting of the initial treatment of the two substrates with trifluoroacetic acid at 0 degrees C followed by air-oxidation in refluxing 1,2-dichlorobenzene to provide subporphyrins in up to 5.6% yield. 1H NMR studies indicate that phenyl and sterically unhindered substituents at the meso position of subporphyrins rotate rather freely even at -90 degrees C, whereas the rotation of meso-2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl substituents is strictly prohibited even at 130 degrees C. The structures of six subporphyins have been revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis to be all cone-shaped tripyrrolic macrocycles. Dihedral angles of meso-phenyl and sterically unhindered aryl substituents to the subporphyrinic core are rather small (38.3-55.7 degrees ) compared to those of porphyrin analogues, whereas those of meso-2,4,6-trimethoxy-substituted subporphyrins are large (68.7-75.7 degrees ). These rotational features of the meso-aryl substituents lead to their large influences on the electronic properties of subporphyrins, as seen for 4-nitrophenyl-substituted subporphyrin 14e that exhibits perturbed absorption and fluorescence spectra, depending upon solvents. Large solvent-polarity dependence of the fluorescence of 14e suggests the charge-transfer character for its excited state. Electrochemical and theoretical studies are performed to understand the electronic properties. Overall, meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrins are promising chromophores in future functional devices.
Clinical Assessment in Operative Dentistry (2016)

Abstract Introduction As educators, we strive to evaluate the work of our students as objectively as possible. Assessments are used to provide feedback that will encourage and motivate students to continually seek evidence-based knowledge and understanding while improving their capacity to apply critical thinking skills in clinical situations. We have come to understand that many students focus on earning the highest attainable grade rather than concentrating on what they need to learn. In our exploration of this, it became apparent that we could use methods of assessment to motivate the student to learn. Clinical assessment of dental students involves a thorough evaluation of both quality of performance and breadth of experience. This resource focuses on the quality assessment of clinical patient care. Methods Included in this resource is a rubric for daily clinical formative assessments, semi-independent formative skills assessments for the junior-level student, and independent summative skills assessments/competency evaluations for the senior-level student. The Level I assessment is used both to evaluate a student's psychomotor ability and their ability to select appropriate cases, manage patients and make evidence-based decisions while providing dental treatment with limited faculty intervention. Level II assessments evaluate the same in addition to the student's ability to operate independently while providing dental treatment without faculty intervention. Results The operative dentistry clinical assessments in this resource are designed for second, third, and fourth-year dental students. It has been used with approximately 250 students as an overall evaluation of clinical performance by semester. Discussion The clinical assessment of students has changed form many times over the years. With the addition of a competency-based curriculum years ago, the feedback given to students was decreased significantly in our school. Semester grades were primarily based on successful completion of the competency-based assessment. The assessment system described here provides tools for continual, calibrated feedback to students which promotes self-learning.
Cervical cancer in the screening era: who fell victim in spite of successful screening programs? (2011)

The profile changed in the screening era indicating a need to refine screening for improved detection of in older women. This study, one of the largest clinical series of cervical cancer, provides an important baseline with which later studies can be compared to evaluate the effects of human papillomavirus vaccine and other important changes in this field.
Uplink capacity analysis of a spectrally overlaid multi-band CDMA system with inter- and intra-cell interferences (2002)

In a spectrally overlaid multi-band CDMA (SOM-CDMA) system, wide-band, medium-band and narrow-band CDMA subsystems with different spreading bandwidths are spectrally overlaid with each other. This system architecture has an advantage that different traffic types can exist together within a given band of spectrum, without having to allocate a separate spectrum band for each type of traffic. However, spectrally overlaid subsystems may also induce more interference on particular reference mobiles. Under this scenario, to study the effect of interference on the system capacity becomes necessary in order to ensure that the system can provide the required quality of service (QoS) for each type of service. Previous works on SOM-CDMA systems focused only on interference from mobiles in an isolated cell. In this paper, the capacity of SOM-CDMA cellular system in terms of aggregate data rate, by taking both inter-cell and intra-cell interferences into consideration, is investigated. Our results show that under the standard path loss model and ideal power control assumptions, the maximum aggregate data rate of SOM-CDMA systems will be degraded to approximately 50% of the isolated cell case. We also observed that the system capacity increases with the cell radius, while below a certain radius, spectral overlay becomes impractical. The bound of maximum mobiles admitted in SOM-CDMA with given SNR requirement and data rate of each frequency band can be a guide to system designers who design the call admission scheme.
Incidence of Gastroduodenal Ulcers is Significantly Reduced When Analgesic Doses of Aspirin are Administered as PA65020, A Novel Combination of Enteric-Coated Aspirin (EC-ASA) and Immediate-Release (IR) Omeprazole (2009)

Purpose: To evaluate the gastroduodenal effects (via endoscopy) and safety profile of PA65020 vs. EC-ASA at analgesic doses. Methods: In a single-center, Phase 1, randomized, double-blind study, PA65020 (n=20) or EC-ASA 650 mg (n=20) was administered in the clinic twice daily for 28 days to healthy volunteers (≥50 yrs) with normal baseline endoscopy (Lanza score 0). Each dose of PA65020 was administered as one tablet of PA32520 [a fixed-dose combination tablet of EC-ASA 325 mg and IR omeprazole 20 mg] + one tablet of EC-ASA 325 mg. EC-ASA 650 mg was administered as 2 × EC-ASA 325 mg tablets. The total daily ASA dose was 1300 mg. Outcome evaluations included the occurrence of endoscopically proven gastric and/or duodenal lesions meeting Grade 3 or Grade 4 Lanza scores on Day 28 (primary endpoint), incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers (GU/DU), as well as assessments of dyspepsia-associated abdominal pain by mSODA (modified severity of dyspepsia assessment score, range 2-47), heartburn, and adverse events. Results: A total of 40 subjects (mean age 59.7 years) were treated. At Day 28, the incidence of Grade 3 or 4 Lanza scores was significantly less for the PA65020 group (3 [15%]) than for the EC-ASA 650 mg group (17 [85%]), P<0.001. The incidence of GU/DU on Day 28 was also significantly lower with PA65020 vs. EC-ASA 650 mg (0% vs. 40%, P=0.003). At Day 28, the mean change from baseline in mSODA was 0 for PA65020 and 0.7 for EC-ASA 650 mg. More PA65020 subjects were heartburn-free (90%) throughout the study compared with subjects in the EC-ASA 650 mg group (75%). The most commonly reported adverse events were GI-related, primarily dyspepsia (2 subjects in each treatment group) and stomach discomfort (3 subjects in the EC-ASA 650 mg group vs. 0 subjects in the PA65020 group). Conclusion: Analgesic doses of over-the-counter ASA produced significant mucosal damage in most subjects following 1 month of treatment. PA65020 is associated with a significantly decreased risk of GU/DU, and may provide an important option for at-risk patients who require analgesic doses of ASA. Disclosure: Drs. Fort and Plachetka - Employees and Stockholders: Pozen, Inc. Drs. Orlemans and Unal - Employees: Pozen, Inc.Table
Properties of InSb thin films sandwiched by Al<inf>0.1</inf>In<inf>0.9</inf>Sb insulating layers grown on GaAs(100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (2007)

InSb single crystal thin films of less than 0.5-mum thickness sandwiched by Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</sub> Sb layers (with 0.5% lattice mismatch between InSb and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</sub> Sb ) suitable for magnetic sensors were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs(100) substrate and their properties were studied. The large lattice mismatch effect observed at the InSb/GaAs hetero-interface may be almost eliminated. The electron mobility of these InSb thin films was significantly higher than that of InSb thin films directly grown on GaAs substrate. By doping Sn into InSb thin films, almost a one-order smaller value of temperature coefficients for the InSb films were obtained for electron mobility and sheet resistance around room temperature. Thus, by Sn doping, the reduction of temperature dependence was verified for InSb thin films sandwiched by AlInSb layers. As a result, we obtained a high electron mobility and high sheet resistance suitable for magnetic sensors, such as Hall elements and magnetoresistance elements.
Pattern formation in thin polystyrene films induced by an enhanced mobility in ambient air (2005)

Thin polystyrene films (prepared in a sandwich geometry between two aluminum electrodes) develop a characteristic pattern in ambient air when kept above the glass-transition temperature, whereas they remain unchanged in vacuum or in a pure nitrogen atmosphere. Measurements by broadband dielectric spectroscopy, capacitive dilatometry, and AC calorimetry reveal that the pattern formation is initiated in ambient air by an increase in the average relaxation rate of the dynamic glass transition, which results in a corresponding reduction of the glass-transition temperature. Infrared measurements evidence that this is caused by a shift of the molecular weight distribution to lower values as a consequence of oxygen-induced chain scissions.
Resonant grating surfaces for biosensing (2016)

\nOptical biosensors make up a valuable toolkit for label-free biosensing. This thesis presents a detailed study on resonant grating surfaces for biosensing. The focus is on silicon nitride gratings, which exhibit a guided-mode resonance that is highly sensitive to refractive index variations in the vicinity of the grating. A sensitivity of 143 nm/RIU (refractive index units) is measured, leading to a detection limit of 2.4×10−4 RIU. This performance is shown to be sufficient for the detection of biomolecular binding down to ng/mL concentrations.\nWith out-of-plane excitation, these gratings can be used as a sensing surface, enabling a spatially-resolved measurement of variations in refractive index; resonance imaging. The minimum detection distance (sensing depth) is measured to be 183 nm away from the grat- ing, while the spatial resolution of resonance imaging is found to be asymmetric: 2 μm parallel to, or 6 μm perpendicular to the gratings. Using a novel approach of fabricating a resolution test pattern on top of the grating, the relationship between resolution and index contrast is studied - an important question in the context of biosensing - where it is found to decrease with index contrast. All experimental results are supplemented with theoretical and computational models.\nThe resonant gratings are then extensively applied to the study of biofilm development, cellular imaging, and the imaging of cellular secretion. Finally, a miniaturised biosensor is demonstrated, based on a chirped resonant grating. By tuning the resonance wavelength spatially on the chip, the resonance information is directly translated into spatial informa- tion. Instrument read-out requires just a monochromatic light source and a simple CCD camera, resulting in a final device that is inexpensive, compact, robust and can be remotely operated. Performance is proven with successful detection of biomolecular binding.
On the taste of stereoisomeric cyclic dipeptides containing a proline residue (1979)

An investigation of the taste character and intensity of six proline-containing cylic dipeptides demonstrates that these compounds are differentiated largley on the basis of their chemical configuration.
Evidence of Supramolecular Origin of Selectivity in Solvent Extraction of Bifunctional Amidophosphonate Extractants with Different Configurations (2021)

Extraction mechanisms of two bifunctional extractants which differ only by the grafting of an alkyl chain between their two functions were investigated at molecular and supramolecular scales to investigate the origin of their very different separation factors toward uranium and zirconium. Investigation of the complex structure with spectroscopic analysis (Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)) demonstrated that alkylation does not affect the chelation mechanism of uranium and zirconium. Stoichiometries of complexes remain identical for both extractants: UO2L2(NO3)2 and zirconium polynuclear complexes are formed after extraction into the organic phase. The origin of selectivity was therefore investigated by considering the supramolecular self-assembly of the two bifunctional molecules. Small-Angle X ray and Neutrons Scattering (SAXS and SANS) showed that the highest separation factors between U and Zr are obtained when smaller aggregates are formed. The results of this study therefore suggests that the selectivity is controlled by the supramolecular self-assembly of the two extractant molecules. Thanks to a smaller packing parameter, the non-alkylated molecule forms bigger aggregates analogous to reverse micelles that can extract additional polar species in their polar core through a solubilization effect, thus decreasing the separation factor between uranium and zirconium.
Volumetric visualisation of a jet in cross-flow (2001)

A technique to visualise the three-dimensional structure of a fluid flow is presented. The technique makes use of a drum scanner with twenty reflecting surfaces to generate twenty parallel laser sheets at different levels in a flow. A camera is synchronised with the scanner and captures the flow structures by laser induced fluorescence. The image data is processed and rendered on a computer to produce a time series of three-dimensional images which allow detailed interpretation of the flow structure. The technique has been applied to a complex, unsteady three-dimensional flow; the jet in cross-flow. A selection of three-dimensional images is presented to show the jet development, as viewed from a physically inaccessible location within the pipe upstream of the jet exit.
Discovering Web Document Associations for Web Site Summarization. (2001)

Complex web information structures prevent search engines from providing satisfactory context-sensitive retrieval. We see that in order to overcome this obstacle, it is essential to use techniques that recover the web authors' intentions and superimpose them with the users' retrieval contexts in summarizing web sites. Therefore, in this paper, we present a framework for discovering implicit associations among web documents for effective web site summarization. In the proposed framework, associations of web documents are induced by the web structure embedding them, as well as the contents of the documents and users' interests. We analyze the semantics of document associations and describe an algorithm which capture these semantics for enumerating and ranking possible document associations. We then use these asociations in creating context-sensitive summaries of web neighborhoods.
Site directed substitution of 5-hydroxymethyluracil for thymine in replicating øX-M4<i>am3</i>DNA via synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (1991)

5-hydroxymethyluracil (HmUra) is formed in DNA as a product of oxidative attack on the methyl group of Thy. It is removed from DNA by HmUra-DNA glycosylase. To determine whether the replacement of Thy by HmUra is mutagenic, which might explain the repairability of HmUra, a HmUra residue was substituted for Thy in a target (amber) codon by in vitro extension of an oligonucleotide primer annealed to phi X-174am3 virion DNA. This was accomplished by synthesizing HmdUTP and using DNA polymerase to effect primer extension. E. coli spheroplasts were transfected with the HmUra-containing DNA and the yield of revertant phage determined following replication in the bacterial host. Since E. coli do not express HmUra-DNA glycosylase activity, mutagenesis could be assessed in the absence of repair. chi 2c analysis showed that replacing Thy with HmUra did not result in an increase in revertant phage. These data indicate that the oxidation of Thy to HmUra in cellular DNA probably does not result in substantial mutagenesis.
G1500-3-3 Passing through a door by a humanoid robot : Experimental verification (2010)

Humanoid robots are being expected to do various kinds of jobs in our daily environment in near future. In that case, passing through a door is one of the important functions to be realized by humanoid robots. We analyzed the area that fulfills two conditions: the humanoid robot can reach a doorknob without other collisions with environments, and the humanoid robot can keep stability against the reaction force from the door. The trajectory of the humanoid was then designed by connecting centers of inscribed circles drawn in the area. Effectiveness of the proposed method was experimentally confirmed with the humanoid robot HRP-2.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Aliphatic Azimines in an Unexpected Reaction. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of an emergency building evacuation system (2016)

As a result of recent developments in electronic equipment and sensor technology, usage and implementation models of building automation systems (BAS) are increasing. BAS provides smart, automatic and centralized management of various different services. However, BAS implementation contains several challenges. Due to realization of different services with hardware that can be very different from each other; it is very hard to propose an automatic management model that is suitable to each service. In this study, as a specific service included in BAS services, an emergency evacuation model is proposed. Moreover, a service model and corresponding definitions that can be appropriate to various hardware and software tools, are proposed. In other words, a practical and efficient model is proposed for emergency evacuation scenario. A management approach is also demonstrated. Beside these, in order to show practicality of service definitions, implementation by using hardware and software tools with low costs are realized.
Active control for fin buffet alleviation (1993)

Abstract : Commencing June 1, 1992, and supported by USAF Flight Dynamics Directorate under Contract F33615-92-C-3605, RANN, INC., undertook a 1 year program of research with the following objective: for fighter aircraft with twin vertical stabilizers, which operate to high angle of attack alpha, to examine the possibility that active control can alleviate the response to buffeting and enhance fatigue life of the structure. Although there is no way that the phenomenon could have been anticipated during the initial phases of their design, 'fin buffeting' as a consequence of high-alpha maneuvers has been encountered on several military aircraft with such twin tails. Other affected fighters include F-14 and F/A-18. Future designs for which some level of buffeting is anticipated are F-22, with measurements on a wind-tunnel model already reported. Although they have single, center-line vertical stabilizers, similar phenomena have occurred at high alpha on X-29 and X-31; for measurements of associated vortex behavior on the latter research vehicle.