gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Nanosecond Pulse Generator and Laser (1971)

A coaxial integrated pulse-generator-gas-laser using a double transmission line as the energy storage element is described. The lines form a modified Blumlein circuit, with spark gap, lines, and discharge tube arranged in a coaxial system. A peak optical output of about 200 kW/cm3 discharge volume is obtained in superradiance from N2 at 3 371 Å. The laser is equipped for accurate measurements of time correlations between the breakdown process in the gas and radiated laser power. Measurements were made of pulse formation and propagation as well as the laser output. A mathematical analysis of the system is given, and conclusions are presented pertaining to the selection of design parameters.
ICT Anti Collision Radar for Road Traffic (2007)

The ICT radar is an information-communication technology system for early warning and collision avoidance on roads and motorways. This radar uses special sensor network, which - spanned over the moving vehicles and road obstacles - transmits automatically warning signals to the back of column and enables distant drivers to stop in time or to do such operations automatically. Large-scale simulations have been carried out, which show that in typical scenario the number of collisions decreases from some great number to zero as the radar usage increases from 0% to 100%. Even at 50% of random radar usage almost all huge collisions are excluded. Typical data of simulations are as follows: one lane road; 50 vehicles randomly spaced, distances drawn from normal distribution, next smoothed; average speed 90 km/h; reaction time of a driver - drawn from random distribution (mean 1 s); first vehicle in column suddenly stopped; model of collisions - domino-alike; protocol of radio communication - modified ALOHA; size of alert packet - 100 bytes containing data: speed, acceleration, coordinates (GPS); kind of alerts: sharp brake, airbag explosion standing vehicle; transmission speed 8 Mb/s; average rate - 1 packet/ms/node; time for reliable warning 0.1 s; range of warning 800 m; coverage area - triangular, backwards oriented; total number of scenarios - 5.000.
Simple Electronic Devices for High-Speed Photography and Cinematography (1953)

Described are a basic electronic flash and delay circuit and its applications to shadow and reflected-light photography, Kerr-cell shutters and ultra-high-speed cinematography in conjunction with the Cranz optical setup.
The RNA modification database (1996)

The RNA modification database provides a comprehensive listing of post-transcriptionally modified nucleosides from RNA and is maintained as an updated version of the initial printed report. Information provided includes: type(s) of RNA in which found and phylogenetic distribution; common chemical names and symbols; Chemical Abstracts registry numbers and index names; chemical structures; initial literature citations for structural characterization or occurrence and chemical synthesis. The data are available through the World Wide Web, anonymous ftp or from the authors in printed form.
Sleep patterns in children with autistic spectrum disorders: a prospective cohort study (2013)

Sleep duration in children with ASD is reduced from 30 months of age and persists until adolescence.
EFFECTS OF PRESERVATION CONDITIONS AND TEMPERATURE ON TISSUE ACIDIFICATION IN CANINE KIDNEYS (1985)

The influence of temperature (5, 15, 25, and 35 degrees C) on the degree of tissue acidification was examined using 74 canine kidneys with simple ischemia or after protection of the kidneys with Euro-Collins solution or with the HTK-solution of Bretschneider. At an incubation temperature of 5 degrees C, the intrarenal pH value in HTK-protected kidneys is continuously higher than 7.3 during 36 hr of ischemia. In Euro-Collins kidneys the pH value decreases to a pH of 6.4 during this time. In simple ischemic kidneys pH is 6.3 after 36 hr. At 15 degrees C the pH value falls to a lower level in Euro-Collins kidneys than in purely ischemic kidneys, but the pH in HTK-protected kidneys is higher than 6.9 for 24 hr. At 25 degrees C, and especially at 35 degrees C the intrarenal acidosis in Euro-Collins kidneys is much stronger than in unprotected kidneys, and the pH in HTK-protected kidneys does not decrease below 6.7. The lactate production in simple ischemic kidneys and in HTK-protected kidneys is nearly the same (80-100 mumol/gdw), although Euro-Collins kidneys have a steeper increase and reach higher lactate levels (330 mumol/gdw). The HTK solution guarantees satisfactory protection against damaging acidosis over the whole temperature range (5-35 degrees C), but the Euro-Collins solution leads to a stronger and more dangerous acidosis the higher the temperature.
Human Polyomaviruses in Skin Diseases (2011)

Polyomaviruses are a family of small, nonenveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome of ∼5,000 base pairs protected by an icosahedral protein structure. So far, members of this family have been identified in birds and mammals. Until 2006, BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) were the only polyomaviruses known to circulate in the human population. Their occurrence in individuals was mainly confirmed by PCR and the presence of virus-specific antibodies. Using the same methods, lymphotropic polyomavirus, originally isolated in monkeys, was recently shown to be present in healthy individuals although with much lower incidence than BKV, JCV, and SV40. The use of advanced high-throughput sequencing and improved rolling circle amplification techniques have identified the novel human polyomaviruses KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus, HPyV6, HPyV7, trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, and HPyV9. The skin tropism of human polyomaviruses and their dermatopathologic potentials are the focus of this paper.
Image processing based package volume detection with Kinect (2015)

In this study, an image processing based package volume detection scheme that utilizes Kinect depth sensor was developed in Matlab environment. Background subtraction method was used to obtain the foreground image that contains the package to be measured from the Kinect depth image. Connected components labeling method was used to segment the foreground image. Out of the components determined by connected components labeling, the one that has the maximum pixel area overlapping with the measuring plate was assumed to be the package of interest. Package orientation angle and center point were then determined. Hough transform was applied to the package image to obtain the lines that passes through package edges. The package corners were obtained by finding the four intersection points of the detected lines. Real world coordinates of the package corners were calculated using the Kinect's intrinsic matrix. Package width and length were determined by finding the distance between the corners in the real world coordinate system. Finally, the package height was determined by differencing plate depth and average depth value of points on the package surface. It was observed that the algorithm performed successfully and the measurement error was within 1cm under presence of various disturbance effects.
Detection of Exogenous GHB in Blood by Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: Implications in Postmortem Toxicology (2005)

Because GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is present in both blood and urine of the general population, toxicologists must be able to discriminate between endogenous levels and a concentration resulting from exposure. In this paper, we propose a procedure for the detection of exogenous GHB in blood by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Following liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions, GHB is derivatized to GHB di-TMS before analysis by GC-C-IRMS. Significant differences in the carbon isotopic ratio (delta(13)C-values > 13.5 per thousand) were found between endogenous and synthetic GHB. Indeed, for postmortem blood samples with different GHB concentrations (range: 13.8-86.3 mg/L), we have obtained GHB delta(13)C-values ranging from -20.6 to -24.7 per thousand, whereas delta(13)C-values for the GHB from police seizure were in the range -38.2 to -50.2 per thousand. In contrast to the use of cut-off concentrations for positive postmortem blood GHB concentrations, this method should provide an unambiguous indication of the drug origin.
Enhancement of nucleation and adhesion of diamond films on copper, stainless steel, and silicon substrates (1992)

We report here enhancement of nucleation and adhesion of diamond films on nondiamond substrates such as copper, stainless steel, and silicon substrates. The enhancement of nucleation is accomplished by pulsed laser irradiation which converts some of the amorphous carbon on the surface into the diamond phase or forms a reaction product that facilitates nucleation of diamond phase. The laser can also be used to evaporate carbon preferentially, leaving behind diamond particles unaffected. By pulsed laser irradiation it is possible to melt the substrate and embed the diamond particles into it, thus improving the adhesion of the diamond film.
Web of Friends- Discovering a Social Network by Mining Data from Instant Messengers (2009)

This paper describes the first step in our research on egocentric social networks of users of instant messengers. Experiments with which we are proceeding are based on one of the popular Polish messengers-Tlen.pl. To collect information about interactions we have used a plug in for Tlen that cooperates with a dedicated server for storing data. Our goal is to find algorithms that will allow classifying the strength of a relationship between two users. Also, we want to answer the question, whether basing on a set of statistics from chats, without knowing the content of the discussion, we can correctly predict levels of acquaintance between peers.
History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHistory of metal pollution in southern California coastal zoneKenneth W. Bruland, Kathe Bertine, Minoru Koide, and Edward D. GoldbergCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1974, 8, 5, 425–432Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60090a010https://doi.org/10.1021/es60090a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views771Altmetric-Citations336LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of the base-catalyzed conversion of nitriles to amides by hydrogen peroxide (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the base-catalyzed conversion of nitriles to amides by hydrogen peroxideJohn E. McIsaac Jr., R. E. Ball, and E. J. BehrmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 20, 3048–3050Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00819a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00819a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2956Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of rebar (smooth surface)-concrete bond properties by matrix modification and surface coatings (1998)

The interface between reinforcing steel (rebar) and cement-based matrices plays an important role in determining the behaviour of reinforced concrete. Enhancement of rebar–concrete bond properties can improve the performance of reinforced concrete structures as whole. In this study, several methods, including matrix modification and surface modifications, have been investigated on their effects in improving the bond properties. The matrix modification was achieved by incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) powder into the matrix. The surface modification were achieved by coating the cement, cement plus PVA, and cement plus silica fume powders on to the rebar surface. The enhancement of the mechanical properties of the interface by these modifications was evaluated by the pushout test, in which a closed loop controlled set-up was used to continuously measure force and displacement during loading. The experimental data were analysed by using a simplified theoretical model. The interfacial properties of the transition zone, including the stiffness, strength, friction and fracture energy of the interface, were obtained by using this model. It was found that the mechanical interfacial properties can be improved by the above-mentioned treatment methods. The interface mechanical behaviour was also investigated by microhardness measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the matrix and surface modification did increase the interfacial microhardness and reduce the porous region of interface, which were consistent with macromechanical property measurements.
Differential expression of centrosomal proteins at different stages of human glioma (2010)

Markers for mitotic dysregulation, such as supernumerary centrosomes and altered expression of centrosome-related mRNA and proteins were more frequently detected in higher grade gliomas. Therefore, these results are clinically useful for glioma staging as well as the development of novel treatments strategies.
Object-oriented communication and structuring in Vanguard (2002)

Vanguard is an experimental OS-level framework for distributed applications. Vanguard consists of an object-oriented protocol suite and object model, a set of programming language interfaces that can be used to access or implement Vanguard objects, and a modular, configurable kernel and implements object invocation. This paper outlines these three facets of Vanguard, focusing on the relationship between 'system' (Vanguard) objects and 'language' objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Major review: The underutilization of vision screening (for amblyopia, optical anomalies and strabismus) among preschool age children. (2003)

Even considering large gaps in the literature concerning this topic, it is clear that low income, minority, uninsured families are at high risk of not utilizing vision screening. Ignorance remains a major problem at all levels so improvements in the distribution of information and education are needed and should yield improvement. Additional funding is necessary to pay for these remedies. Titration and direction of available resources to those at highest risk will create the greatest return on such efforts.
Distinct roles for<i>Xenopus</i>Tcf/Lef genes in mediating specific responses to Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mesoderm development (2005)

Tcf/Lef transcription factors and beta-catenin mediate canonical Wnt signalling, which plays remarkably diverse roles in embryonic development, stem cell renewal and cancer progression. To investigate the molecular mechanisms allowing for these diverse yet specific functions, we studied the several distinct roles for Wnt/beta-catenin signalling in early Xenopus development: establishing the dorsal body axis; regulating mesoderm induction; and subsequent ventrolateral patterning. Our previous experiments and the expression patterns of Tcf/Lef factors during these embryonic stages led us to examine whether different Tcf/Lef factors mediate these distinct events downstream of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. By manipulating gene expression with morpholino-driven gene knockdown and capped RNA-mediated rescue, we show that genes encoding different Tcf/Lef transcription factors mediate distinct responses to Wnt signalling in early Xenopus development: Tcf1 and Tcf3 genes are non-redundantly required in mesoderm induction for mediating primarily transcriptional activation and repression, respectively; while ventrolateral patterning requires both Tcf1 and Lef1 genes to express sufficient levels of transcription-activating Tcf factors. Our investigation further identifies that motifs within their central domain, rather than their C-terminus, determine the particular molecular function of Tcf/Lef factors. These findings suggest that Tcf/Lef genes encode factors of different activities, which function together in antagonistic or synergistic ways to modulate the intensity and outcome of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling and to trigger tissue-specific responses.
Regional Deposition of Inhaled Monodisperse Coarse and Fine Aerosol Particles in Small Laboratory Animals (1988)

The regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse insoluble particles of about 1,3,5 and 10 μm in activity median aerodynamic diameter was measured in four small rodent species including CF1 mice, golden Syrian hamsters, Fischer 344 rats and Hartley guinea pigs and in New Zealand rabbits. Near monodisperse aerosols of about 0.05 μm activity median diffusive diameter were also studied. The five species are commonly utilized in inhalation toxicology research. Monodisperse aerosols of fused aluminosilicate particles (2.46 g/cm3) labelled with radioactive l69Yb were generated utilizing a modified vibrating liquid stream generator, reduced to Boltzmann charge equilibrium with a 85Kr discharge device, concentrated with a centripeter stage, fused in a 1200°C quartz tube furnace, and delivered to a specially designed nose-only exposure system suitable for use with coarse particles as large as 10 μm. Twenty unanaesthetized animals (eight rabbits) were exposed simultaneously for up to 45 minutes to each aerosol particle size. Half were sacrificed immediately after exposure and the remaining half were sacrificed after 20 hours to measure bronchial clearance. Radioassay of selected tissues included the individual lung lobes, trachea, larynx, head airways, and gastrointestinal tract to determine deposition quantities. The results show enhanced nasal-pharyngeal deposition for particles larger than 3 μm in aerodynamic diameter, with over 90 percent nasal-pharyngeal deposition for particles larger than 5 μm. Conversely, pulmonary (alveolar) deposition approaches nil for the larger particles.
Sixfold ring clustering in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>-dominated carbon and carbon nitride thin films: A Raman spectroscopy study (2006)

The atomic arrangement in $s{p}^{2}$-dominated carbon (C) and carbon nitride $({\mathrm{CN}}_{x})$ thin films has been studied by Raman spectroscopy as a function of substrate temperature and, in the case of ${\mathrm{CN}}_{x}$, different N incorporation routes (growth methods). In this way, materials composing graphitelike, fullerenelike (FL), and paracyanogenlike structures have been compared. The results show that each type of arrangement results in a characteristic set of the Raman spectra parameters, which describe the degree of aromatic clustering, bond length, and angle distortion and order in sixfold structures. In the case of C films, the atomic structure evolves with substrate temperature from a disordered network to nanocrystalline planar graphitic configurations, with a progressive promotion in size and ordering of sixfold ring clusters. Nitrogen incorporation favors the promotion of sixfold rings in highly disordered networks produced at low temperatures, but precludes the formation of extended graphiticlike clusters at elevated substrate temperatures $(>700\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. In the latter case, N introduces a high degree of disorder in sixfold ring clusters and enhances the formation of a FL microstructure. The formation and growth of aromatic clusters are discussed in terms of substrate temperature, N incorporation, growth rate, film-forming sources, and concurrent bombardment by hyperthermal particles during growth.
Naturally Nutrient Rich… Putting More Power on Americansʼ Plates (2005)

In Brief Naturally nutrient rich is a concept that builds on a well-established tenet of nutrition—nutrient density—in a more meaningful, relevant, and actionable way. Nutrient density has been a central, but underutilized, pillar of nutrition for many years. In light of the obesity epidemic in the United States, renewed attention has been given to this concept in an effort of find ways to educate consumers to make better choices to get the most nutrition from their foods and make their calories count more. A symposium held in March 2004 explored research developments toward creating a nutrient-density index as an educational tool to help consumers choose foods that are naturally nutrient-rich first, and less-nutrient dense foods, as calories allow. Note: Since the time of the March 2004 Naturally Nutrient Rich Symposium and publication of this article, the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans were released (January 12, 2005). A key recommendation in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines in to “consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods and beverages within and among the basic food groups …” (see Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005. Available at: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/. Accessed March 7, 2005) An exciting new concept for thinking about nutrition
Comparison of the novel quantitative ARMS assay and an enriched PCR–ASO assay for K- <i>ras</i> mutations with conventional cytology on endobiliary brush cytology from 312 consecutive extrahepatic biliary stenoses (2005)

ARMS can be considered supplementary to conventional cytology, and comparable to ASO in diagnosing malignant EBS. A specificity of 100% can be achieved with ARMS, which should be considered in the surveillance of patients at risk for pancreatic cancer.