gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractional Speech Loss and Talker Activity Model for TASI and for Packet-Switched Speech (1978)

The cutout fraction in a TASI system is shown to be <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\phi=\frac{1}{np}\sum_{k=c+1}^n (k-c) n\choose k p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k}</tex> where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> is the number of sources, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</tex> is the number of channels, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> is the probability that a source is issuing a talkspurt at a random time. This result is shown to hold independently of the probability density function of talkspurt duration. The same formula is shown to apply to the fraction of packets lost in a packet-switched link with a transmission capacity of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</tex> packets every T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> seconds, where T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> is the interval between packet generations for an individual source during talkspurt, and where no packet is queued for a time longer than T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> . In addition, a simple Markov birth-death model is presented for the random process <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a(t)</tex> representing the number of talkers issuing talkspurts at a given time.
Characterization of human neutrophil glycoproteins expressing the CD15 differentiation antigen (3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine) (1989)

The expression of the CD15 antigen, 3-fucosyl N-acetyllactosamine, on neutrophil glycoproteins has been studied by SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The antigen is expressed on several glycoproteins, both intracellularly and on the cell surface. Each subcellular compartment appears to contain a specific antigen. A soluble, granule glycoprotein (Mr 80-90K) probably accounts for most of the intracellular staining detected immunohistochemically. Membrane glycoproteins of Mr, 85-90K and 25K are associated with granule membranes, the latter being an integral membrane protein. The CD15 antigen is expressed on several cell surface glycoproteins with Mr in the range of 165K and 105K. These antigens are also contained in an intracellular pool which is brought to the surface on activation of the cells with chemotactic peptides. The 165K and 105K antigens show identical electrophoretic mobility to two of the major glycoproteins detectable by PAS or protein staining of gels of detergent extracts of cell membranes. These glycoproteins include the complement receptor, CR3. The beta chain of CR3 (105K) and to a lesser extent the alpha chain (165K) express CD15; however, most of the CD15 antigen is associated with other glycoproteins of these molecular masses.
Risk of nephropathy can be detected before the onset of microalbuminuria during the early years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. (2000)

Higher levels of ACR within the first 2 years after diagnosis and a significantly higher rate of increase of the ACR within the first 5 years from diagnosis can be detected in subjects who subsequently develop MA. HbA1c is a determinant of risk for MA, but pubertal factors have a greater effect on rates of progression of urine albumin excretion during adolescence in this cohort.
The Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variables PHL 1445 and GALEX J003535.7+462353 (2011)

PHL 1445 is found to be an eclipsing cataclysmic variable with an orbital period of 76.3 minutes. GALEX J003535.7+462353 is a new eclipsing dwarf nova with an orbital period of 4.13 hours. Both objects show deep eclipses with an amplitude of more than two magnitudes.
Nutritional Value of Lupine in the Diets for Pigs (a Review) (2009)

The seeds of sweet lupine cultivars ( Lupineus species ) have been used with increasing frequency as a source of proteins replacing proteins of animal origin or soybean in feed compounds. The seeds of sweet lupine cultivars contain an average of about 33-40% crude protein in dry matter, the lipid content ranges from 5 to 13%. The profile of amino acids is relatively beneficial, however, with slightly lower content of lysine (1.46%) and methionine (0.22%). The main storage carbohydrates in the seeds are the β-galactans that comprise most of the cell-wall material of the kernel and the cellulose and hemicellulose of the thick seed coats. Lupine seeds contain about 40% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and a negligible amount of starch. High coefficient of protein digestibility (> 90%) has been reported in sweet lupine cultivars, but lower digestibility of energy (~ 60%). Lupineus species contain negligible amounts of trypsin inhibitor so they do not require preheating before being used as an ingredient in feeds for monogastric animals. The efficiency of lupine seeds in the diets for pigs is characterized by controversial results of growth and feed conversion under both mechanical treatment and enzyme supplementation. The results of production efficiency obtained at the testing of lupine cultivars ( L. albus , L. angustifolius ) for pigs were beneficial at supplementation of the lacking nutrients or dehulling. The submitted paper summarizes national as well as foreign knowledge of the nutritive value of cultural lupine seeds, and deals with the possibility increasing nutrition and production efficiency in the diets for pigs.
SORTALLER: predicting allergens using substantially optimized algorithm on allergen family featured peptides (2012)

http://sortaller.gzhmc.edu.cn/.
Beyond feminism: The works of Nicole Vedrès (1974)

When responding to the problem of the feminine condition, most women writers start with the premises that women are superior, inferior or equal to men—and in any case, the man is the Other. The works of Nicole Vedrès imprime this fundamental otherness on which the feminist dispute traditionally fed. The structures of several of her novels suggest an underlying archaic and tribal pattern which coincides in many places with traits of matriarchal societies. They tend to de‐emphasize the individual character in favor of the unity of the clan. The figure of the husband acquires a secondary and transitory aspect. Within this framework, the women are freed from the usual ethical and sociological taboos of the patriarchal system with which we are familiar, while preserving their dignity and their identity. Finally, the true hero of these stories is the clan's executive agent, a self‐effacing and protective male whose function is to ensure the survival of feminine values. In as much as his relationships with the women of the village are nonsexual and of a brotherly nature, his role resembles that of the maternal uncle in matriarchal models. He does not present the alien and aggressive potential of the usual male hero, thus making possible a world in which men and women are close without being antagonistic.
Control of cavity noise (1976)

Experiments have been conducted on axisymmetric shallow cavity flows with the aim of investigating methods to modify cavity shear flows such that cavity noise may be reduced. The experiments indicate the presence of large gross lateral motion of the shear layer close to the downstream cavity corner which, on interaction with it, results in production of cavity flow noise. Results also show that the continuous injection of a fluid mass at the base of the cavity has a stabilizing effect on cavity shear flows. This stability is believed to have been achieved by supplying the mass required for cavity shear layer entrainment externally. This was also accompanied by a delay in large periodic lateral motion of the cavity shear layer close to the downstream cavity corner as observed without the mass injection. Thus the addition of a continuous fluid mass appears to be an effective means of suppressing cavity flow noise.
PEXSI-$Σ$: A Green's function embedding method for Kohn-Sham density functional theory (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new Green's function embedding method called PEXSI-$Σ$ for describing complex systems within the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KSDFT) framework, after revisiting the physics literature of Green's function embedding methods from a numerical linear algebra perspective. The PEXSI-$Σ$ method approximates the density matrix using a set of nearly optimally chosen Green's functions evaluated at complex frequencies. For each Green's function, the complex boundary conditions are described by a self energy matrix $Σ$ constructed from a physical reference Green's function, which can be computed relatively easily. In the linear regime, such treatment of the boundary condition can be numerically exact. The support of the $Σ$ matrix is restricted to degrees of freedom near the boundary of computational domain, and can be interpreted as a frequency dependent surface potential. This makes it possible to perform KSDFT calculations with $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ computational complexity, where $N$ is the number of atoms within the computational domain. Green's function embedding methods are also naturally compatible with atomistic Green's function methods for relaxing the atomic configuration outside the computational domain. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the accuracy of the PEXSI-$Σ$ method for graphene with divacancy and dislocation dipole type of defects using the DFTB+ software package.
Evaluation of clinical PET count rate performance (2003)

We propose a methodology for analyzing clinical PET count rate performance that involves matching net trues (prompts - delayeds) and randoms (delayeds) count rate responses measured on a reference phantom to the actual patient data. We employ these estimated response curves to compute a performance metric closely related to the noise equivalent count rate, as a function of the total singles event rate in the system. Front this we can determine the peak performance value relative to the measured performance for any individual acquisition. This maximum performance value is largely independent of the magnitude of the activity present in the patient at the time of the acquisition, but depends mainly on the emitter and attenuator distributions. These peak count rates can be used to derive frame durations for equivalent noise, and correlated with patient weight. We can also determine lite singles rate, and thereby activity, necessary to achieve maximum performance, and based on the known activity in the patient, predict optimal injected doses.
100,000,000 taps (2011)

Touchscreens became the dominant input device for smartphones. Users' touch behaviour has been widely studied in lab studies with a relative low number of participants. In contrast, we published a game in the Android Market that records the touch behaviour when executing a controlled task to collect large amounts of touch events. Players' task is to simply touch circles appearing on the screen. Data from 91,731 installations has been collected and players produced 120,626,225 touch events. We determined the error rates for different target sizes and screen locations. The amount of data enabled us to show that touch positions are systematically skewed. A compensation function that shifts the users' touches to reduce the amount of errors is derived from the data and evaluated by publishing an update of the game. The independent-measures experiment with data from 12,201 installations and 15,326,444 touch events shows that the function reduces the error rate by 7.79%. We argue that such a compensation function could improve the touch performance of virtually every smartphone user.
Appropriate Clinical Use of Lactate Measurements (2020)

Elevated lactate can result from many pathophysiologic processes. Understanding the mechanism of lactate production, metabolism, and the basics of lactic acidosis will enable the appropriate use of laboratory tests and interpretation.
Feature space optical coherence tomography based micro-angiography (2015)

Current optical coherence tomography (OCT) based micro-angiography is prone to noise that arises from static background. This work presents a novel feature space based optical micro-angiography (OMAG) method (fsOMAG) that can effectively differentiate flow signal from static background in the feature space. fsOMAG consists of two steps. In the first step a classification map is generated that provides criterion for classification in the second step to extract functional blood flow from experimental data set. The performance of fsOMAG is examined through phantom experiments and in-vivo human retinal imaging, and compared with the existing OMAG. The results indicate its potential for clinical applications.
Maximum entropy models for antibody diversity (2010)

Recognition of pathogens relies on families of proteins showing great diversity. Here we construct maximum entropy models of the sequence repertoire, building on recent experiments that provide a nearly exhaustive sampling of the IgM sequences in zebrafish. These models are based solely on pairwise correlations between residue positions but correctly capture the higher order statistical properties of the repertoire. By exploiting the interpretation of these models as statistical physics problems, we make several predictions for the collective properties of the sequence ensemble: The distribution of sequences obeys Zipf's law, the repertoire decomposes into several clusters, and there is a massive restriction of diversity because of the correlations. These predictions are completely inconsistent with models in which amino acid substitutions are made independently at each site and are in good agreement with the data. Our results suggest that antibody diversity is not limited by the sequences encoded in the genome and may reflect rapid adaptation to antigenic challenges. This approach should be applicable to the study of the global properties of other protein families.
Ultrasonic Measurement System Based on Microprocessor (2005)

This article describes a ultrasonic measurement system based on microprocessor. By measuring pulse’s width, that is the time interval between transmitting and receiving of the ultrasonic wave, the microprocessor control the peripheral circuits, and provide all kinds of signals, including frequency surging, data managing and coding display. This ultrasonic measurement system include transmitting part which contains the gating and differential circuits, and receiving part which contains the signal magnify and filtration circuits.
Predictive-adaptive algorithm for a cluster-based network web servers (2006)

The use of Web Clusters that implement Quality of Service has gained much attention in recent years. In this paper we propose an adaptive algorithm for a Web Switch that estimates the best configuration of the Web cluster attending to the throughput of servers. The slotted time used by the system is adaptive to the burstiness factor of client requests arriving to the Web Cluster. The web switch model is based on the estimation of the throughput that servers would have in the next future to dynamically balance the workload. In order to reduce the checking time, estimations are computed in a variable slot scheduling. Simulation results are confronted with other algorithms and show that the algorithm proposed performs significantly better in terms of latency time for priority users.
Ranking for Relevance and Display Preferences in Complex Presentation Layouts (2018)

Learning to Rank has traditionally considered settings where given the relevance information of objects, the desired order in which to rank the objects is clear. However, with today's large variety of users and layouts this is not always the case. In this paper, we consider so-called complex ranking settings where it is not clear what should be displayed, that is, what the relevant items are, and how they should be displayed, that is, where the most relevant items should be placed. These ranking settings are complex as they involve both traditional ranking and inferring the best display order. Existing learning to rank methods cannot handle such complex ranking settings as they assume that the display order is known beforehand. To address this gap we introduce a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning method that is capable of learning complex rankings, both the layout and the best ranking given the layout, from weak reward signals. Our proposed method does so by selecting documents and positions sequentially, hence it ranks both the documents and positions, which is why we call it the Double Rank Model (DRM). Our experiments show that DRM outperforms all existing methods in complex ranking settings, thus it leads to substantial ranking improvements in cases where the display order is not known a priori.
Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Gene 5 Senses Hepatitis B Virus and Activates Innate Immune Signaling To Suppress Virus Replication (2013)

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) belong to the RIG-I-like receptors family of pattern recognition receptors. Both RIG-I and MDA5 have been shown to recognize various viral RNAs, but whether they mediate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of MDA5, but not RIG-I, was increased in Huh7 cells transfected with the HBV replicative plasmid and in the livers of mice hydrodynamically injected with the HBV replicative plasmid. To further determine the effect of RIG-I-like receptors on HBV replication, we cotransfected the HBV replicative plasmid with RIG-I or MDA5 expression plasmid into Huh7 cells and found that MDA5, but not RIG-I at a similar protein level, significantly inhibited HBV replication. Knockdown of endogenous MDA5, but not RIG-I, in Huh7 cells transfected with the HBV replicative plasmid significantly increased HBV replication. Of particular interest, we found that MDA5, but not RIG-I, was able to associate with HBV-specific nucleic acids, suggesting that MDA5 may sense HBV. Finally, we performed in vivo experiments by hydrodynamic injection of the HBV replicative plasmid into wild-type, MDA5⁻/⁻, MDA5⁺/⁻, or RIG-I⁺/⁻ mice, and found that MDA5⁻/⁻ and MDA5⁺/⁻ mice, but not RIG-I⁺/⁻ mice, exhibited an increase of HBV replication as compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo studies both support a critical role for MDA5 in the innate immune response against HBV infection.
Status of the GEC RF Reference Cell/laser diagnostics of plasma etching discharges (1991)

The Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) RF Reference Cell was developed to enhance studies of radiofrequency (rf) discharge systems analogous to those used to fabricate microelectronic devices. The Reference Cell concept includes both a standard discharge-chamber design and a set of diagnostic tools that can be used to verify that different Cells behave similarly. Voltage and current measurements in Reference Cells in the United States show that, with proper care, plasmas that behave in a similar manner can be generated in different Cells. The versatility of the Reference Cell is illustrated by results on the use of planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging to obtain two-dimensional spatial profiles of SO{sub 2} in an SF{sub 6}/O{sub 2} rf discharge. 4 refs., 5 figs.
Efficiency of homologous intermolecular recombination at different locations on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome (1992)

The efficiencies of intermolecular recombination at 12 different locations on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome were determined by transforming competent cells with a nonreplicative plasmid. The efficiencies varied by only about threefold but were significantly different (P less than 0.05 by a chi-square test) for approximately 20% of the locations. The recA gene product is required for recombination, and the addA gene product appears to affect the variation in a site-specific way.
Efficient suboxide sources in oxide molecular beam epitaxy using mixed metal + oxide charges: The examples of SnO and Ga2O (2020)

Sources of suboxides, providing several advantages over metal sources for the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of oxides, are conventionally realized by decomposing the corresponding oxide charge at extreme temperatures. By quadrupole mass spectrometry of the direct flux from an effusion cell, we compare this conventional approach to the reaction of a mixed oxide + metal charge as a source for suboxides with the examples of SnO2 + Sn → 2 SnO and Ga2O3 + 4 Ga → 3 Ga2O. The high decomposition temperatures of the pure oxide charge were found to produce a high parasitic oxygen background. In contrast, the mixed charges reacted at significantly lower temperatures, providing high suboxide fluxes without additional parasitic oxygen. For the SnO source, we found a significant fraction of Sn2O2 in the flux from the mixed charge that was basically absent in the flux from the pure oxide charge. We demonstrate the plasma-assisted MBE growth of SnO2 using the mixed Sn + SnO2 charge to require less activated oxygen and a significantly lower source temperature than the corresponding growth from a pure Sn charge. Thus, the sublimation of mixed metal + oxide charges provides an efficient suboxide source for the growth of oxides by MBE. Thermodynamic calculations predict this advantage for further oxides as well, e.g., SiO2, GeO2, Al2O3, In2O3, La2O3, and Pr2O3.
Micro/Nano Technology Systems for Biomedical Applications: Microfluidics, Optics, and Surface Chemistry (2010)

A universal goal of technological development is the enrichment of human life. The fast developments of nano/micro technologies enable us to directly handle a single cell or a single molecule. This capability propels the molecular based diagnostic and therapeutic technologies to a new horizon. In this book, we not only examine the-state- of-art biotechnologies, but also present many cutting-edge research topics which will lead toward the next generation technologies for improving human health. With the capabilities of moving, stopping, mixing and concentrating minute amount of fluid and/or particles, microfluidic circuitry provides unprecedented functions for advancing sample preparation and cell culture processes. Integrated bio-marker sensors with microfluidics, it becomes possible to detect diseases in extremely sensitive and specific manner. With the cutting edge optical techniques and proper surface molecular modification, we can study and manipulate biological processes in live cell. While we have made significant progresses in studying and controlling the phenomena in the nano/micro scale, human health is a system issue with a length in the order of a meter. A disparity of several orders of magnitude in the length scales presents significant challenges. Our current and future tasks are to develop the seamless integration processes from materials through devices and eventually into engineering systems. Our ultimate goal is that these nano/micro technology based systems can effectively interface and direct the biological complex system toward desired fate.
SesaME: A Framework for Personalised and Adaptive Speech Interfaces (2003)

This paper presents some motivations for using highly personalised speech interfaces. In particular, the focus is on the requirements for adaptation in mobile environments. Furthermore, SesaME, a framework for personalised and adaptive speech interfaces is described. SesaME supports a multi-domain approach and eventbased, asynchronous dialogue management.