gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versatile selection technology for intracellular protein–protein interactions mediated by a unique bacterial hitchhiker transport mechanism (2009)

We have developed a reliable genetic selection strategy for isolating interacting proteins based on the "hitchhiker" mechanism of the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. This method, designated FLI-TRAP (functional ligand-binding identification by Tat-based recognition of associating proteins), is based on the unique ability of the Tat system to efficiently cotranslocate noncovalent complexes of 2 folded polypeptides. In the FLI-TRAP assay, the protein to be screened for interactions is engineered with an N-terminal Tat signal peptide, whereas the known or putative partner protein is fused to mature TEM-1 beta-lactamase (Bla). Using a series of c-Jun and c-Fos leucine zipper (JunLZ and FosLZ) variants of known affinities, we observed that only those chimeras that expressed well and interacted strongly in the cytoplasm were able to colocalize Bla into the periplasm and confer beta-lactam antibiotic resistance to cells. Likewise, the assay was able to efficiently detect interactions between intracellular single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies and their cognate antigens. The utility of FLI-TRAP was then demonstrated through random library selections of amino acid substitutions that restored (i) heterodimerization to a noninteracting FosLZ variant, and (ii) antigen binding to a low-affinity scFv antibody. Because Tat substrates must be correctly folded before transport, FLI-TRAP favors the identification of soluble, nonaggregating, protease-resistant protein pairs and, thus, provides a powerful tool for routine selection of interacting partners (e.g., antibody-antigen), without the need for purification or immobilization of the binding target.
High-Temperature Strain Sensing Using Sapphire Fibers With Inscribed First-Order Bragg Gratings (2016)

Strain sensor designs and strain measurements based on single-crystal sapphire fibers with inscribed first-order fiber Bragg gratings for applications up to 600 °C are presented. We report on all the details of two different sensor designs; for instance, we show that the resolution of multimode sapphire fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) strain sensors is about Δl/l = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> (10 μstrain), which is comparable with state-of-the-art high-temperature sensors. We apply our sensors for the determination of the thermal expansion coefficients of high-temperature steel alloys, showing a good match to known values. Hence, we believe that SFBG sensors may represent a promising alternative to currently used non-optic-based strain-detecting devices.
G100044 A Fundamental Study for Acoustic Field Estimation based on Equivalent Sound Source Identification (2012)

Under severe acoustic environments such as rocket launching sites, we need to pay particular attention to sound pressure field. However, no numerical method is currently available enough for accurate mapping of sound pressure level especially in case of large sound field due to unclear location and distribution of sound sources. It is then desired to develop new methods to realize accurate estimation of sound pressure field. In this paper the authors propose a new estimation method for the technical desire. The method is basically built up based on the boundary element method and a new equivalent sound source identification for modeling actual sound sources. Furthermore, since the number of the velocity parameters to be determined is more than that of sound pressure measurement points in practice, the singular value decomposition method is used in the solution process of the inverse problem in the identification. Experiment is also carried out for verification using sound of 300Hz and 600Hz in a semi-anechoic camber. As a result, it is proved that the estimation method has enough potential ability to estimate acoustic fields with a practical accuracy.
Translating Clinical Guidelines Into Practice: Challenges and Opportunities in a Dynamic Health Care Environment (2015)

Clinical practice guidelines are evidence-based recommendations with the potential to improve population health, yet they remain inconsistently utilized. In this commentary we discuss barriers and drivers to implementing clinical practice guidelines. We also suggest ways to support their translation into practice.
FAST DIFFUSION ALLOYING FOR POWDER FORGING USING A LIQUID PHASE (1974)

Prealloyed powders are dominant items in the economics of powder forgings today. Present estimates predict a maximum powder consumption that is too low to bring about essential reductions in the cost of these materials. Long homogenization discourages the use of plain iron powders with admixed alloying elements, especially where induction heating is employed, and the use of cheap alloying elements such as manganese is hampered by oxidation problems. A way of overcoming these difficulties is described. If the alloying additions needed for hardenability are made in the form of a low-melting master-alloy powder, diffusion times can be very much reduced. A condition is that the molten prealloy wets the iron particles, reducing the diffusion distance to the order of one particle radius. It is also desirable that the master alloy should penetrate quickly along the grain boundaries of the iron, further reducing the diffusion distance. Low-melting alloys of manganese with copper satisfy these conditions. Forgings can be produced from plain iron powders with copper-borne manganese additions without excessive oxidation of the manganese and preforms can be sufficiently homogenized within a heating time of a few minutes to give hardenability and tensile properties similar to those of conventional quenched and tempered steels. Since only small amounts of master-alloy powder are needed, ‘solid-liquid alloyed’ plain iron powders appear to offer great flexibility in alloy composition at a cost substantially below that of conventional prealloyed powders.
Standing with and without vibration in children with severe cerebral palsy (2011)

Children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) risk fragile bones, fractures and hip dislocation due to disuse. A standing shell allows these children weight bearing in an upright position. Recommended standing time is one to two hours/day but evaluations are lacking.\n\n\n\nThe aim of Study I was to assess the effects of time spent in the standing shell on bone mineral density (BMD) and hip dislocation. A cross-sectional design was used. Eighteen children with severe CP median age 10.5 years, modified Ashworth score (MAS) 0-1 (n=7) and 2-4 (n=11) participated. The standing shell was used a median of 40 (4-164) min/day. DEXA measurements of BMD in the lumbar spine were 73% of age-matched children. X-ray of the hips showed a migration index of 27 (0-52) % in the most dislocated hip. Standing time was not associated with BMD but in the eleven children with spasticity standing time was significantly and negatively associated with hip dislocation.\n\n\n\nThe aim of Study II was to evaluate the effects of a unique platform using whole body vibration (WBV) on bone mineral content (BMC), to note the reactions of the children and to record any negative side-effects. A modified cross-over experimental design was used. Four boys with severe CP, median age 4 years, Insulin-like growth factor-I standard deviation score (IGF-I SDS) median -0.42μg/L, participated. Two boys used the platform for 8/9 months and two were controls (period I). After one year of no use, users and controls exchanged roles (period II). The boys in period I were exposed to vibration a median of 2.5 (range 1-6) occasions/month with a median of 12.5 (3-23) min/occasion. IGF-I SDS differed from baseline to end of period I in children exposed to vibration 1.8/1.0 in contrast to not exposed -0.1/0.9 μg/L. BMC in one leg differed 8.9/-4.3 and -3.2/-5.1g, respectively.\n\n\n\nThe boys in period II were exposed a median of 6.5 (range 1-12) occasions/month 10 (6-10) min/occasion. IGF-I SDS differed from baseline to end of period II in children exposed to vibration -0.7/1.6 in contrast to not exposed -1.0/-0.2 μg/L. BMC in one leg differed 13.7/16.3 and 9.9/3.9g, respectively. No negative side-effects were recorded.\n\n\n\nConclusion: Time spent in the standing shell alone may not influence bone mineral density in children with severe cerebral palsy and may even have a negative effect on hip dislocation in children with spasticity. Standing in the standing shell on a platform with whole body vibration may be an effective and enjoyable method to increase bone mineral content in children with severe cerebral palsy.
PLD pathway involved in carbachol-induced Cl<sup>−</sup>secretion: possible role of TNF-α (2001)

In a previous study, it was found that exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) potentiated the electrophysiological response to carbachol in a time-dependent and cycloheximide-sensitive manner. It was deduced that the potentiation could be due to protein kinase C activity because of increased 1,2-diacylglycerol. It was also observed that propranolol could decrease the electrophysiological response to carbachol (Oprins JC, Meijer HP, and Groot JA. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 278: C463-C472, 2000). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway plays a role in the carbachol response and the potentiating effect of TNF-alpha. The transphosphatidylation reaction in the presence of the primary alcohol 1-butanol [leading to stable phosphatidylbutanol (Pbut) formation] was used to measure activity of PLD. The phosphatidic acid (PA) levels were also measured. Muscarinic stimulation resulted in an increased formation of Pbut and PA. TNF-alpha decreased levels of PA.
Dual-port Optical Neural Network Using A Mutually Pumped Phase Conjugate Mirror (1990)

We have demonstrated many features of an optical neural network which uses both spatial and angular selectivity of photorefractive holographic gratings to interconnect the neurons. A major advantage of this technique is that all neurons can be optically addressed simultaneously without the associate problems of crosstalk. This system has demonstrated homoassociations, hetero associations, and interconnectivity between 1400 neurons. Devices based on this architecture have the potential of modeling networks with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> neurons and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> interconnections.
Lamin proteins form an internal nucleoskeleton as well as a peripheral lamina in human cells (1995)

The nuclear lamina forms a protein mesh that underlies the nuclear membrane. In most mammalian cells it contains the intermediate filament proteins, lamins A, B and C. As their name indicates, lamins are generally thought to be confined to the nuclear periphery. We now show that they also form part of a diffuse skeleton that ramifies throughout the interior of the nucleus. Unlike their peripheral counterparts, these internal lamins are buried in dense chromatin and so are inaccessible to antibodies, but accessibility can be increased by removing chromatin. Knobs and nodes on an internal skeleton can then be immunolabelled using fluorescein- or gold-conjugated anti-lamin A antibodies. These results suggest that the lamins are misnamed as they are also found internally.
A new recursive structure for very high‐Q digital and SC‐CTD filters (1984)

Abstract The second‐order recursive fundamental section up to now, has larger coefficient sensitivities of the amplitude at the filter central frequency and the central angular frequency itself. This makes it difficult to realize high‐Q bandpass characteristics. This paper proposes a new structure with a feedback loop containing sampled‐data filter with medium‐Q bandpass filter and a longtime delay element. When a second‐order bandpass filter is used as the feedback filter, the transfer function of the new structure is a pseudo‐second‐order function. Then the approximate relation is derived between Q of the feedback filter and Q of the new structure filter. the validity of the expression is verified by numerical calculations. It is shown also that when realizing a bandpass filter of the same Q, to what extent the new structure is superior to the traditional second‐order structure from the viewpoints of coefficient sensitivity and round‐off noise. the design procedure for the new structure is shown also. In the digital filter, the long‐time delay can be realized by using a register or a memory. In the analog sampled‐data filter, it is realized by a charge‐transfer device. Thus, the new structure can be realized by a digital filter, or by combining switched capacitor circuits and a charge‐transfer device. Finally, an experimental example of a high‐Q filter by the latter method is shown.
Wide Range AWG-Based FBG Interrogation System With Improved Sensitivity (2019)

In this paper, a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor interrogation system is presented. The concept employs an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) whose working principle is to demultiplex the light reflected from the FBG (that is sensitive to temperature and strain variation) in many channels depending on the frequency. The wavelength can be sensed through the power ratio between two adjacent AWG channels with a dynamic range that is equal to the whole AWG spectrum. In this case study, four channels are employed. From the optical part, the signal is then converted in electrical through photodiode array and read with a low-noise transimpedance amplifier. The output signal is then elaborated by a custom conversion algorithm in FPGA. The aim of the work is to demonstrate, through analytical approach and numerical simulations from an optoelectronic point of view, the feasibility of the system erasing the typical trade-off sensitivity/dynamic range that affects the current AWG-based interrogation systems.
Effect of structural and dynamical properties of lipid bilayer on water permeation studied using course-grained molecular dynamics simulation (2017)

The greatest challenge in commercialization of microalgae products is the reduction of the overall cost of extraction. An understanding of the exact mechanism of water permeation across cell membrane will improve the current extraction methods and may possibly lead to the development of new technology. Molecular dynamics calculations using GROMACS software and MARTINI force field were performed to study how temperature affects the structural and dynamical properties of DPPC lipid bilayer. In general, the area per lipid and diffusion constant increases with temperature, while the bilayer thickness decreases. Water permeation simulations were conducted by accelerating the water molecules on one side of the bilayer towards the direction of the opposite side, creating pressure difference comparable to osmotic pressure. At 325 K, a pressure difference of 36.9 MPa (369 bar) induces water permeation after 5.2 ns simulation time. Simulation at higher temperatures requires lower pressure difference for water permeation. The results suggest that the temperature induced changes in the area per lipid, bilayer thickness, and lateral diffusion constant affect the water permeability on lipid membrane.
Nickelocene‐mediated glucose oxidase electrode (1993)

Abstract Nickelocene is investigated as an electrochemical mediator in glucose oxidase (GOD) amperometric electrodes. It is found that the adsorbed nickelocene mediates the charge transfer between the electrode and glucose oxidase adsorbed on the electrode surface. The quasi redox potential of a nickelocene/nickelocenium couple adsorbed on an electrochemically activated pyrolytic graphite electrode is experimentally estimated (−0.105 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The steady‐state amperometric response of nickelocene‐mediated glucose electrode is investigated as a function of the glucose concentration, applied potential, and solution pH of the electrolyte. The working potential of a nickelocene‐mediated glucose electrode is 0.00 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).
Usefulness of field desorption mass spectrometry in determining molecular masses of carotenoids, natural carotenoid derivatives and their chemical derivatives (1993)

Abstract Field desorption (FD) mass spectrometry was applied to the determination of the molecular masses of carotenoids, natural carotenoid derivatives and their chemical derivatives. All the carotenoids examined gave the molecular ion as the base peak with negligible fragment ions. Carotenoid glucoside and its fatty acid monoester were successfully determined without acetylation, whereas carotenoic acids (carboxylate and sulphate) needed to be converted into methyl esters prior to analysis. The applicable ranges of molecular masses and polarity were very wide. In addition, carotenoid glycoside gave only [M] + ˙ without [M + H] + ˙ and [M + cation] + ˙. The numbers of carbonyl groups, primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups and total hydroxyl groups could be directly determined according to the increase in mass units of the carotenoids after chemical reduction, acetylation and trimethylsilylation, respectively. Owing to the negligible fragment ions, FD analysis was also suitable for carotenoids containing small amounts of impurities or other carotenoids. Hence this technique is useful for determining the molecular masses of carotenoids and the number of modifiable groups in carotenoids.
Efficient digit-serial FIR filters with skew-tolerant domino (2003)

A novel connection between digit-serial computation and skew-tolerant domino circuit design is exploited to create very efficient implementations of FIR digital filters. In our approach, a digit size of N bits is mapped onto an N-phase overlapping clocking scheme in such a way that N bits are processed in each full clock cycle. In addition, a VHDL-based verification strategy is used to capture the essential time-borrowing behavior of skew-tolerant domino circuits in an accurate and efficient manner. The simulation results show that an 8-tap digit-serial FIR filter constructed with skew-tolerant domino is up to 36% faster than one built using traditional domino circuits.
Planar waveguide hybrids for very high power RF (2003)

Two basic designs have been developed for waveguide hybrids, or 3-dB couplers, capable of handling hundreds of megawatts at X-band. Coupling is provided by one or two connecting waveguides with h-plane junctions and matching elements. In the former case, the connecting waveguide supports two modes. Small apertures and field-enhancing e-bends are avoided to reduce the risk of RF breakdown. The h-plane symmetry also allows the use of over-moded rectangular waveguide in which the height has been increased to reduce field amplitudes without affecting the scattering matrix. The theory and designs are presented, along with the results of prototype tests of functionality and power-handling capability. Such a device is integral to the RF pulse compression or power distribution system of the Next Linear Collider (NLC) for combining, splitting, and directing power. This work was motivated by the observation of RF breakdown at power levels above 200 MW in conventional and modified magic-T's.
A Reference Guide to Drugs and Dry Mouth (1986)

Dry mouth (xerostomia) is a common complaint which occurs in about 25% of the elderly. Drugs play a principal role in its etiology. This REFERENCE GUIDE is designed to help the practitioner identify the medicaments which may cause this condition. Moreover, it offers suggestions for the treatment of drug‐induced dry mouth.
The formocresol pulpotomy--the past, the present, and the future. (1978)

President Roosevelt addresses the citizens of Keokuk, Iowa. He congratulates them on their &ldquo;great and beautiful state&hellip;with such great natural advantages&rdquo; and extends special thanks to veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic. He also speaks about General Curtis and the current problems facing the nation due to the &ldquo;complexity of our industrial civilization."
INFLUENCE OF SOIL LIQUEFACTION BENEATH FOUNDATIONS ON SEISMIC EARTH PRESSURES ACTING ON EMBEDMENTS BASED ON CENTRIFUGE TESTS (2009)

Embedments of foundations influence the safety of buildings supported by piles during earthquakes. Dynamic centrifuge tests were conducted to investigate the influence of soil liquefaction beneath foundations to seismic earth pressures acting on embedment. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) liquefaction of soil layer beneath the foundation reduces the seismic earth pressure acting on embedment; (2) the existence of non-liquefied layer beneath the foundation reduces the effect of liquefaction on seismic earth pressure; (3) hysteresis damping factor is not influenced by the liquefaction of soil layers beneath the foundation.
Density evolution analysis of spatially coupled LDPC codes over BIAWGN channel (2016)

In this paper, we study the density evolution analysis of spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes over binary input additive white Gaussian noise (BIAWGN) channels under the belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm. Using reciprocal channel approximation and Gaussian approximation, we propose averaging techniques for the density evolution of SC-LDPC codes over BIAWGN channels. We show that the proposed techniques can closely predict the decoding threshold while offering reduced complexity compared to the existing multi-edge-type density evolution.
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Reveals a Zinc Ion as an Atomic Switch in the Diadenosine Polyphosphates (2002)

Diadenosine polyphosphates (diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(n)-polyphosphate (Ap(n)A)) are 5'-5'''-phosphate-bridged dinucleosides that have been proposed to act as signaling molecules in a variety of biological systems. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to measure the affinities of a variety of metal cations for ATP, diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(3)-triphosphate (Ap(3)A), diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A), and diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(5)-pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A). The binding of Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and Mn(2+) to ATP is shown to take place with the beta,gamma-phosphates (primary site) and be endothermic in character. The binding of Ni(2+), Cd(2+), and Zn(2+) to ATP is found to take place at both the primary site and at a secondary site identified as N-7 of the adenine ring. Binding to this second site is exothermic in character. Generally, the binding of metal cations to diadenosine polyphosphates involves a similar primary site to ATP. No exothermic binding events are identified. Critically, the binding of Zn(2+) to diadenosine polyphosphates proves to be exceptional. This appears to involve a very high affinity association involving the N-7 atoms of both adenine rings in each Ap(n)A, as well as the more usual endothermic association with the phosphate chain. The high affinity association is also endothermic in character. A combination of NMR and CD evidence is provided in support of the calorimetry data demonstrating chemical shift changes and base stacking disruptions entirely consistent with N-7 bridging interactions. N-7 bridging interactions are entirely reversible, as demonstrated by EDTA titration. Considering the effects of Zn(2+) on a wide variety of dinucleoside polyphosphate-metabolizing enzymes, we examine the possibility of Zn(2+) acting as an atomic switch to control the biological function of the diadenosine polyphosphates.
On the theory of order‐disorder transition and copolymer structure of DNA (1964)

Abstract The statistical mechanical theory of the helix‐coil transition of DNA has been recently discussed by one of the authors, who considered an assembly of DNA molecules with a Markoff distribution of nucleotide sequences. The present communication improves upon the above mentioned theory by introducing approximate normalization factors for the unnormalized statistical weights of finding a given molecule of the assembly in a given microscopic state.