gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Core Derived Permeabilities and Well Test Using A Fracture Network: A Field Case Example (2002)

Abstract It is a common observation that well test permeability values do not match with thickness weighted core permeability averages. This is not a surprise because of the differences in the measurement scales where, unlike well test measurements, core samples represent a very small portion of the reservoir around the well bore. In addition, the presence of fractures and/or high permeability channels will further enhance the difference between the two sources of data. Therefore, reservoir descriptions based on core measurements alone cannot honor well test results. They need to be modified properly without violating the underlying geological and geostatistical information. In this paper, we present a methodology to properly enhance permeability fields that also accounts for fracture distribution in the reservoir. The basic idea is that radial upscaling around a wellbore within a given investigation radius should match the permeability obtained from well tests. The enhancement is caused by two factors: microfractures, which cannot be explicitly represented in the reservoir description, and macro-fractures, which can be interpreted using 3-D seismic data. To account for these two different types of fractures, we calculate two different enhancement factors, one for the base level (microfractures) and one for the higher level (macro-fractures). The base level, after appropriate interpolation, is applied across the entire reservoir, whereas the higher level is applied only to locations where macro-fractures are interpreted from 3-D seismic data. The technique was successfully applied to a Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir. A significant correlation is observed between the enhancement required to match the well test data and the fracture density (macro-fractures obtained from 3-D seismic data) within a given investigation area. A correlation function is then obtained between the enhancement factor and the fracture density for a given grid block, which in turn is used to apply enhancement to interwell locations. Thus, the resulting permeability field did not only honor the well test results but also the fracture distribution and the underlying geological and geostatistical descriptions. In a later stage, a tensorial approach was used to upscale permeability to account for the anisotropy in permeability distribution. Using this approach, a proper anisotropy of permeability distribution, matching the fracture orientation, has been obtained.
Selectivity Control in Electron Spin Inversion Processes:  Regio- and Stereochemistry of Paternò−Büchi Photocyclo- additions as a Powerful Tool for Mapping Intersystem Crossing Processes (2004)

Regio- and stereoselectivity in ene-carbonyl photocycloadditions depend on the spin multiplicity of the excited carbonyl state, although both singlet and triplet states produce the cycloadducts with comparable chemoselectivity. The correlation between selectivity and spin state was evaluated by concentration, temperature, and solvent viscosity studies. The higher selectivity observed for triplet reactions is rationalized by the optimal conformations of the intermediate 2-oxabutane-1,4-diyls for intersystem crossing (ISC) to the singlet manifold, controlled preferentially by spin-orbit coupling. This weak interaction connected with ISC can lead to substantial control of regio- and stereoselectivity. The role of hyperfine coupling is demonstrated by magnetic isotope effects.
Supercritical waste oxidation pump investigation (1993)

This report investigates the pumping techniques and pumping equipment that would be appropriate for a 5,000 gallon per day supercritical water oxidation waste disposal facility. The pumps must boost water, waste, and additives from atmospheric pressure to approximately 27.6 MPa (4,000 psia). The required flow ranges from 10 gpm to less than 0.1 gpm. For the higher flows, many commercial piston pumps are available. These pumps have packing and check-valves that will require periodic maintenance; probably at 2 to 6 month intervals. Several commercial diaphragm pumps were also discovered that could pump the higher flow rates. Diaphragm pumps have the advantage of not requiring dynamic seals. For the lower flows associated with the waste and additive materials, commercial diaphragm pumps. are available. Difficult to pump materials that are sticky, radioactive, or contain solids, could be injected with an accumulator using an inert gas as the driving mechanism. The information presented in this report serves as a spring board for trade studies and the development of equipment specifications.
Development of a Green Technology for Mercury Recycling from Spent Compact Fluorescent Lamps Using Iron Oxides Nanoparticles and Electrochemistry (2016)

The widespread use of energy efficient mercury containing lamps and impending regulations on the control of mercury emissions has necessitated the development of green mercury control technologies such as nanosorbent capture and electrolysis regeneration. Herein we describe a two-step green technique to remove and recycle mercury from spent compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). The first element included the assessment of capture efficiencies of mercury vapor on magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), naturally abundant and ubiquitous components of atmospheric dust particles. Around 60 μg of mercury vapor can be removed up to 90% by 1.0 g of magnetite nanoparticles, within a time scale of minutes. The second step included the development of an electrochemical system for the mercury recycling and regeneration of used nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, up to 85% of mercury was recovered as elemental mercury. Postelectrolysis regenerated iron oxide nanoparticles were used in several sorption–electrolysis cycles without loss of the adsorption capacity, morphology, and surface area. The low energy usage for electrolysis can be supplied by the solar panels. The implications of our results within the context of green technology are herein discussed.
Interpersonal Scenarios: Virtual \approx Real? (2006)

This paper reports on a study to examine the similarities and differences in experiencing an interpersonal scenario with real and virtual humans. A system that allows medical students to interview a life-size virtual patient using natural speech and gestures was used as a platform for this comparison. Study participants interviewed either a virtual patient or a standardized patient, an actor trained to represent a medical condition. Subtle yet substantial differences were found in the participants’ rapport with the patient and the flow of the conversation. The virtual patient’s limited expressiveness was a significant source of these differences. However, overall task performance was similar, as were perceptions of the educational value of the interaction.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation Reaction: Mechanism and Application for the Synthesis of Polyarenes (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrahydrofuran Lignans via Tandem Oxidative Anionic−Radical Processes or Reductive Radical Cyclizations (2006)

Several tetrahydrofuran lignans have become important due to their diverse biological activities. We present initial studies on short syntheses of some of the simplest members of this natural product class. Galgravin and Veraguensin are obtained in only three or four steps from nitroalkenes and allylic alcohols via a new tandem anionic-radical process, and reductive radical cyclizations of beta-nitro ethers derived from the same precursors are suitable to obtain Galgravin as well as Galbelgin and Ganschisandrin.
Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of the mouse teratocarcinoma cell line F9 is accompanied by an increase in the activity of UDP-galactose: beta-D-galactosyl-alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase. (1988)

We report here that both the mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells and F9 cells induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid contain cell surface glycoconjugates with terminal alpha-linked galactose residues, as shown by agglutination of cells with antisera to blood type B, but not to type A. In addition, both cell types contain high numbers of binding sites for Griffonia simplicifolia-I, a lectin which binds to terminal alpha-linked galactose residues, although differentiated F9 cells contain approximately 50% more binding sites/cell for this lectin. We have also confirmed that differentiation is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the fucose-containing stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-1, as evidenced by the fact that F9 cells, but not differentiated F9 cells, are agglutinated by monoclonal antibody to this antigen. Since these results indicate that surface glycoconjugates contain terminal alpha-linked galactose residues, we assayed cell extracts for the enzyme UDP-Gal:beta-D-Gal-alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase. We have found that F9 cell extracts contain this activity, and differentiation results in a significant increase in the specific activity of the enzyme, from approximately 2 nmol/mg h in F9 extracts to 7 nmol/mg h in RA/F9 extracts. It has been suggested that the loss of the SSEA-1 antigen upon differentiation of F9 cells is due to decreased activity of the enzyme GDP-Fuc:beta-D-GlcNAc-alpha 1, 3-fucosyltransferase. We therefore determined the activities of this fucosyltransferase and several other glycosyltransferases, which included UDP-GlcNAc:beta-D-Gal-beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, UDP-Gal:beta-D-GlcNAc-beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase, and GDP-Fuc:beta-D-GlcNAc-alpha 1,6-fucosyltransferase. We have found that extracts from both cell types contain these enzyme activities; differentiation, however, does not result in substantial changes in any of these activities.
Angiotensin II Impairs Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Bioavailability under Free Cholesterol-enriched Conditions via Intracellular Free Cholesterol-rich Membrane Microdomains (2013)

Vascular endothelial function is impaired in hypercholesterolemia partly because of injury by modified LDL. In addition to modified LDL, free cholesterol (FC) is thought to play an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction induced by an FC-rich environment. Loading cultured human aortic endothelial cells with FC induced the formation of vesicular structures composed of FC-rich membranes. Raft proteins such as phospho-caveolin-1 (Tyr-14) and small GTPase Rac were accumulated toward FC-rich membranes around vesicular structures. In the presence of these vesicles, angiotensin II-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was considerably enhanced. This ROS shifted endothelial NOS (eNOS) toward vesicle membranes and vesicles with a FC-rich domain trafficked toward perinuclear late endosomes/lysosomes, which resulted in the deterioration of eNOS Ser-1177 phosphorylation and NO production. Angiotensin II-induced ROS decreased the bioavailability of eNOS under the FC-enriched condition.
A systematic experimental study of parameters influencing 131-iodine<i>in vivo</i>spectroscopic measurements using age-specific thyroid phantoms (2018)

In case of nuclear accident, the internal exposure monitoring of the population will preferably focus on the detection of <sup>131</sup>I in the thyroid by in vivo monitoring. In most cases, the calibration of in vivo monitoring is performed with an adult thyroid phantom, which raises doubts regarding the relevance of child exposure assessment. In this study, the influence on the calibration of the thyroid volume, the counting distance and the positioning variations are studied experimentally in a systematic way. A NaI and a germanium detector along with a realistic age-specific set of four thyroid phantoms were used to carry out this study. The thyroid phantom volumes correspond to the following ages: 5, 10, 15 and adult. It was found that the counting efficiency varies linearly with the thyroid volumes for both detectors and whatever the phantom-detector distance is. The variation in counting distance strongly influences the measurement. Whatever the thyroid volume, a 30% difference in efficiency was found between the measurement at the contact and 1 cm for the NaI detector. A mathematical model giving the variation of the counting efficiency as a function of phantom-detector distance is provided. The study of positioning uncertainty has shown that the lateral/vertical displacements induce negligible efficiency variations and that it is relatively independent of the thyroid volume. The counting distance is a major parameter, which must be considered to assess the uncertainty of the subjects' measurements. The data reported here might serve to extract useful orders of magnitude when similar detectors are used. For other detectors, a similar trend might be expected and the information provided here could reduce the amount of experimental work needed to obtain it.
<title>ESPI-FEM hybrid system for studies of time-dependent stress characteristics in small components</title> (1995)

Understanding and quantitative modeling of stress relaxation processes are very important for reliable and efficient design of the load resisting structures. In this paper a hybrid ESPI-FEM system for evaluation of time-dependent stress and strain characteristics in small components is presented. Based on results obtained by this method a long term prediction of material behavior can be done. Problems related to the coupling of results from the experiment to an FEM model are discussed and illustrated with reference to speckle interferometry stress analysis of a cantilever beam. Results show that for the conditions tested, stress level in the cantilever beam reduces by 10% of the level at the instant of the loading.
Is Big Data Enough? A Reflection on the Changing Role of Mathematics in Applications (2014)

The advent of computers, and especially high performance computers, has had a dramatic impact on the way in which mathematics is done, and even more on how mathematics is applied. In this paper a reflection is outlined about the role of mathematics in big data, and it is argued that this goes with arising some new methodological challenges.
Three distinct regions of allelic loss at 13q14, 13q21-22, and 13q33 in prostate cancer (1999)

Chromosome 13 is one of the most frequently altered chromosomes in cancer, including carcinoma of the prostate. Two known tumor suppressor genes, RB1 and BRCA2, map to chromosome 13; however, recent reports suggest that unknown genes on 13q are more likely to be involved in the development of prostate cancer. In order more fully to define the genetic changes on chromosome 13 in prostate neoplasms, we analyzed 27 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning the q arm for loss of heterozygosity in 40 primary tumors and in metastases from 11 other patients who died of prostate cancer. Of the 40 primary tumors, 23 (58%) showed LOH for at least one marker. Three distinct regions at q14, q21-22, and q33, defined by markers D13S267-->D13S153, D13S166-->D13S1225, and D13S259-->D13S274, showed the most frequent LOH, suggesting their involvement in the development of prostate cancer. For the 12 patients whose tumors showed LOH at these markers, the average age at diagnosis was 58 years, which was younger than that (63 years, P < 0.05) for the 28 patients whose tumors lacked LOH. Ten of the 11 (91%) metastases showed LOH with one or more markers. Two of the three most frequently deleted regions (i.e., q14 and q21-22) in the primary tumors and markers linked to the RB1, BRCA2, and EDNRB genes showed high frequencies (56-71%) of LOH in metastases. These results demonstrate that allelic loss on chromosome 13 at q14, q21-22, and q33 occurs in a subset of primary prostate tumors and is a frequent event in metastatic lesions of prostate cancer.
Suppressive Effect of Topically Applied CX-659S, a Novel Diaminouracil Derivative, on the Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction in Various Animal Models (2000)

Topically applied CX-659S showed significant inhibitory activities against CHR models both in mice and in guinea pigs. Inhibition profiles of CX-659S toward mRNA expression for proinflammatory cytokines corroborated these findings. CX-659S thus could be a useful therapeutic agent for allergic cutaneous disorders such as allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.
Untersuchungen in der Azolreihe, VIII. Notiz zur Hydrierung der <i>as</i>‐Triazine (1959)

Abstract Bei der Hydrierung des 5.6‐Diphenyl‐ as ‐triazin‐carbonsäure‐(3)‐äthylesters entsteht der 3.4(4.5)‐Diphenyl‐pyrazol‐carbonsäure‐(5(3))‐äthylester.
Erratum: Atom Counting Statistics in Ensembles of Interacting Rydberg Atoms [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>95</b>, 253002 (2005)] (2007)

An error in the data taking process has been discovered in which each measurement of the number of Rydberg excitations was actually the average of two statistically independent measurements. This necessitates a rescaling of our data in which the Q value reported previously must replaced by 2Q 1. Figure At low n, where the blockade is not expected to be effective, we observe Q 1, indicative of super-Poissonian distributions. At high n, where the blockade is expected to be effective, we observe Q 0, indicative of narrower but not quite sub-Poissonian distributions. Evidently, at low n technical noise (e.g., super-Poissonian shot-toshot fluctuations of the ground-state atom number and variations in the single-atom excitation efficiency) causes the statistics to be super-Poissonian (Q 1). At large n, the blockade results in a reduction of Q to 0, i.e., a narrowing of the Rydberg-atom counting distribution. Reduction in the Mandel Q parameter due to the Rydberg blockade is consistent with recent theoretical predictions [1,2].
Benefits and risks of stavudine therapy for HIV-associated neurologic complications in Uganda (2009)

After the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including stavudine, HIV+ individuals with cognitive impairment improve significantly as demonstrated by improved performance on a test of executive function. However, peripheral neurotoxicity occurred in 30 patients, presumably because of stavudine-based HAART, suggesting the need for less toxic therapy.
Advanced Coal-Fueled Gas Turbine Program (1989)

The objective of the original Request for Proposal was to establish the technological bases necessary for the subsequent commercial development and deployment of advanced coal-fueled gas turbine power systems by the private sector. The offeror was to identify the specific application or applications, toward which his development efforts would be directed; define and substantiate the technical, economic, and environmental criteria for the selected application; and conduct such component design, development, integration, and tests as deemed necessary to fulfill this objective. Specifically, the offeror was to choose a system through which ingenious methods of grouping subcomponents into integrated systems accomplishes the following: (1) Preserve the inherent power density and performance advantages of gas turbine systems. (2) System must be capable of meeting or exceeding existing and expected environmental regulations for the proposed application. (3) System must offer a considerable improvement over coal-fueled systems which are commercial, have been demonstrated, or are being demonstrated. (4) System proposed must be an integrated gas turbine concept, i.e., all fuel conditioning, all expansion gas conditioning, or post-expansion gas cleaning, must be integrated into the gas turbine system.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenation of 3‐Unsubstituted Indolizines on Platinum on Carbon. A Facile Synthesis of Biindolizines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Generation of dual-wavelength pulses by frequency doubling with quasi-phase-matching gratings (2001)

We demonstrate generation of two synchronized picosecond pulses at different wavelengths near 778 nm by frequency doubling of a femtosecond pulse. We use nonlinear frequency filtering with quasi-phase-matching gratings, which allow us to obtain second-harmonic spectral intensities that are higher than the spectral intensities of the pump.
Is the Metabolic Cost of Running Different for Athletes with Unilateral Versus Bilateral Transtibial Amputations? (2017)

Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) enable athletes with transtibial amputations to run. Yet, it is unknown if distance running performance is different between athletes with unilateral vs. bilateral amputations. PURPOSE Metabolic cost affects distance running performance. Thus, we sought to compare the metabolic cost of running for athletes with unilateral and bilateral transtibial amputations using RSPs. METHODS 10 athletes with unilateral and 5 athletes with bilateral transtibial amputations each completed 15, 5-minute trials on a treadmill (≤6 trials per day) at 2.5 or 3.0 m/s, with at least 5 minutes rest preceding each trial. Participants used a different RSP configuration for each trial. RSP configurations consisted of a randomly assigned: prosthetic model (A, B, C) stiffness category (recommended ± 1), and height (recommended ± 2 cm). We instructed participants to fast for at least 3 hours prior to testing. We measured and averaged the rates of oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) using open-circuit expired gas analysis during the final 2 minutes of each trial. We normalized V[Combining Dot Above]O2 by participant mass, which included running gear, for each RSP condition. We then divided V[Combining Dot Above]O2 by velocity to calculate the metabolic cost of transport (CoT) in ml O2/kg/km. We independently compared the lowest (best) and highest (worst) CoTs from athletes with unilateral and bilateral amputations using two-tailed t-tests. Significance was set at α=0.05. RESULTS The lowest and highest CoTs for athletes with unilateral amputations were 200.1 ± 14.0 and 238.4 ± 16.5 ml O2/kg/km (mean ± SD), respectively. The lowest and highest CoTs for athletes with bilateral amputations were 186.2 ± 12.3 and 226.9 ± 22.7 ml O2/kg/km (mean ± SD), respectively. The lowest (p=0.085) and highest (p=0.282) CoTs were similar for both cohorts. For context, Olympic qualifying, sub-elite, and recreational non-amputee runners elicit CoTs of 181.9 ± 9.1, 187.5 ± 9.7, and 190.5 ± 13.6 ml O2/kg/km (mean ± SD), respectively. CONCLUSION The metabolic cost of running is similar for athletes with unilateral and bilateral transtibial amputations, indicating that distance running performance may be the same for both groups. This project was supported by the BADER Consortium, a DoD CDMRP cooperative agreement (W81XWH-11-2-0222).
Interface characteristics of thermal Si02 on SiC (1978)

The interface between a thermally grown silicon dioxide and a vapor epitaxial layer of cubic silicon carbide has been investigated. Initial studies have concentrated on an Auger analysis of the interface region. The interface region is considerably wider for the unannealed oxide than that between Si and Si02. The Si KLL peak shift occurs over a region of some 130 Å, while the compositional profile indicates a transition region about 210 Å wide. No buildup of free carbon is found at the interface. The Si KLL peak changes indicate that the interface is composed primarily of Si02 and SiC. The cause of the wide interface is discussed in terms of the reaction products of carbon.