gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion-Exchange Preconcentration and Separation of Trace mounts of Platinum and Palladium (2000)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The preconcentration and separation of platinum and palladium from weakly acidic solution (pH=4) were done on microcolumn packed with Cellex-T resin. Selective platinum elution from the column was performed with 0.01 mol/l glycine solution at pH=12, while for palladium elution 1.2 mol/l thiourea (pH=0.5) or 4.0 mol/l potassium thiocyanate (pH=1) may be used. As the detection technique was used either FAAS or GFAAS, depending on the concentration of studied metals in the eluate. Keywords:: platinumpalladiumpreconcentrationseparationion-exchangeatomic absorption
Stationary energy storage system based on modular high voltage battery modules (2015)

This paper focuses on the design and control of a stationary energy storage system based on multiple modular high voltage battery modules. The system achieves bi-directional power flow directly from 400V dc grid to the 12V battery modules via a bi-directional dc-dc converter with high conversion ratio as an interface. One merit of such a system is its extensibility and scalability for higher power rating for future use by dispatching more battery modules together. A 2kWh energy storage system prototype which is made up by one grid-connected solid state transformer (SST) emulator and two bi-directional dc-dc converters are designed, fabricated and tested. Based on the modified droop control, a double-loop digital control system for the SST emulator and a single-loop digital control system for the dc-dc converter are implemented respectively. At last, experimental results are presented to verify the proposed distributed control strategy.
Twinbase: Open-Source Server Software for the Digital Twin Web (2021)

Digital twins are expected to form a network, a “Digital Twin Web”, in the future. Digital Twin Web follows a similar structure to the World Wide Web and consists of meta-level digital twins that are described as digital twin description documents and distributed via Digital TwinWeb servers. Standards must be established before the Digital Twin Web can be used efficiently, and having an easily accessible server implementation can foster the development of those standards. Twinbase is an open-source, Git-based Digital Twin Web server developed with user friendliness in mind. Twinbase stores digital twin documents in a Git repository, modifies them with Git workflows, and distributes them to users via a static web server, from which the documents can be accessed via a client library or a regular web browser. A demo server is available at https://dtw.twinbase.org and new server instances can be initialized free-of-charge at GitHub via its browser interface. Twinbase is built with GitHub repository, Pages, and Actions, but can be extended to leverage other providers or self-hosting. We describe the underlying architecture of Twinbase to support the creation of derivative and alternative server implementations. The Digital TwinWeb requires permanent, globally accessible, and transferable identifiers to function properly, and to address this issue, we introduce the concept of digital twin identifier registry. Performance measurements showed that the median response times for fetching a digital twin document from Twinbase varied between 0.4 and 1.2 seconds depending on identifier registry.
High-Performance Deep Neural Network-Based Tomato Plant Diseases and Pests Diagnosis System With Refinement Filter Bank (2018)

A fundamental problem that confronts deep neural networks is the requirement of a large amount of data for a system to be efficient in complex applications. Promising results of this problem are made possible through the use of techniques such as data augmentation or transfer learning of pre-trained models in large datasets. But the problem still persists when the application provides limited or unbalanced data. In addition, the number of false positives resulting from training a deep model significantly cause a negative impact on the performance of the system. This study aims to address the problem of false positives and class unbalance by implementing a Refinement Filter Bank framework for Tomato Plant Diseases and Pests Recognition. The system consists of three main units: First, a Primary Diagnosis Unit (Bounding Box Generator) generates the bounding boxes that contain the location of the infected area and class. The promising boxes belonging to each class are then used as input to a Secondary Diagnosis Unit (CNN Filter Bank) for verification. In this second unit, misclassified samples are filtered through the training of independent CNN classifiers for each class. The result of the CNN Filter Bank is a decision of whether a target belongs to the category as it was detected (True) or not (False) otherwise. Finally, an integration unit combines the information from the primary and secondary units while keeping the True Positive samples and eliminating the False Positives that were misclassified in the first unit. By this implementation, the proposed approach is able to obtain a recognition rate of approximately 96%, which represents an improvement of 13% compared to our previous work in the complex task of tomato diseases and pest recognition. Furthermore, our system is able to deal with the false positives generated by the bounding box generator, and class unbalances that appear especially on datasets with limited data.
A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling (1995)

From the Publisher:
Packed with concrete examples, Hatcher's book provides an introduction to more advanced statistical procedures and includes handy appendices that give basic instruction in using SAS. Novice SAS users will find all they need to master SAS basics and to move into advanced statistical analyses in this one book. Featured is a simple, step-by-step approach to testing structural equation models with latent variables using the CALIS procedure. The following topics are explained in easy-to-understand terms: exploratory factor analysis, principal component analysis, and developing measurement models with confirmatory factor analysis. Other covered topics of note include LISREL-type analyses with the user-friendly PROC CALIS and solving problems encountered in real-world social science research. 
Supports releases 6.09 and higher of SAS software.
Author Biography: Larry Hatcher, Ph.D. Larry Hatcher, associate professor of psychology at Winthrop University and a SAS user for nearly 15 years, offers you the benefit of his experience as both a researcher and a teacher of statistics using the SAS System.
Comparative analysis of ABCB1 reveals novel structural and functional conservation between monocots and dicots (2014)

Phytohormone auxin plays a critical role in modulating plant architecture by creating a gradient regulated via its transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) B1. Except for Arabidopsis and maize, where it was shown to interrupt auxin transport, ABCB1's presence, structure and function in crop species is not known. Here we describe the structural and putative functional organization of ABCB1 among monocots relative to that of dicots. Identified from various plant species following specific and stringent criteria, ZmABCB1's "true" orthologs sequence identity ranged from 56-90% at the DNA and 75-91% at the predicted amino acid (aa) level. Relative to ZmABCB1, the size of genomic copies ranged from -27 to +1.5% and aa from -7.7 to +0.6%. With the average gene size being similar (5.8 kb in monocots and 5.7 kb in dicots), dicots have about triple the number of introns with an average size of 194 bp (total 1743 bp) compared to 556 bp (total 1667 bp) in monocots. The intron-exon junctions across species were however conserved. N-termini of the predicted proteins were highly variable: in monocots due to mismatches and small deletions of 1-13 aa compared to large, species-specific deletions of up to 77 aa in dicots. The species-, family- and group- specific conserved motifs were identified in the N-terminus and linker region of protein, possibly responsible for the specific functions. The near-identical conserved motifs of Nucleotide Binding Domains (NBDs) in two halves of the protein showed subtle aa changes possibly favoring ATP binding to the N-terminus. Predicted 3-D protein structures showed remarkable similarity with each other and for the residues involved in auxin binding.
We've been working on the railroad (2005)

This paper describes a laboratory used to support a junior level course in real-time embedded software development. Thirteen years of data comparing programming languages for a real-time systems course are presented. Funding provided by the Maytag Corporation and Rockwell-Collins makes it possible to provide other schools with low cost electronics necessary to duplicate this laboratory with a minimum of effort.
Sensors of rotor phase currents and load determination unit of asynchronous drive of harmonic rotation (2016)

This article describes the development phase of rotary sensors and current detection unit loading of the engine system with respect to the agreed rotation of asynchronous motors. The use of current sensors and the block allows you to create multi-engined loading of asynchronous electric-phase synchronous rotation with increased synchronization capability.
Productivity in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology R&D: The Role of Experience and Alliances (2003)

Using data on over 900 firms for the period 1988-2000, we estimate the effect on phase-specific biotech and pharmaceutical R&D success rates of a firm's overall experience, its experience in the relevant therapeutic category; the diversification of its experience, and alliances with large and small firms. We find that success probabilities vary substantially across therapeutic categories and are negatively correlated with mean sales by category, which is consistent with a model of dynamic, competitive entry. Returns to experience are statistically significant but economically small for the relatively straightforward phase 1 trials. We find evidence of large, positive, and diminishing returns to a firm's overall experience (across all therapeutic categories) for the larger and more complex late-stage trials that focus on a drug's efficacy. There is some evidence that a drug is more likely to complete phase 2 if developed by firms with considerable therapeutic category-specific experience and by firms whose experience is focused rather than broad (diseconomies of scope).
Shaping the digital switch (1992)

A procedure is given for shaping 1*2 digital switches on x- or y-cut LiNbO/sub 3//LiTaO/sub 3/ for prescribed values of crosstalk in order to reduce the voltage-length product. The method is based on a normal mode analysis using ordinary coupled mode theory parameters and a known solution for shaped branches. A factor of three improvement in voltage-length product is obtained, compared to linear branches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Individual Differences in Distance Estimation: Comparison of Judgments in the Field with Those from Projected Slides of the Same Scenes (1983)

This study was designed to determine the comparative accuracy with which trained and untrained observers could judge distances to a target and to assess the correspondence of those judgments with other judgments, by the same observers, from photographic slides of the same target and scene at identical viewing distances. 9 experienced and 15 untrained observers estimated distances ranging from 600 to 1550 m in 50-m increments. Photographic slides were made of the target at each distance and, 1 mo. later, observers made the same judgments from the slides. It was found that averages of the group's judgments in the field very closely approximated true target distances. However, judgments of the individual observers were so erratic and inaccurate as to render questionable the interpretation of those averages. In addition, while the averages of the group indicated that judgments from two-dimensional slides could be substituted fro three-dimensional real-world judgments, detailed analysis of the individual observers' performances dramatically contradicted this conclusion.
A situationist perspective on the psychology of evil: Understanding how good people are transformed into perpetrators. (2004)

I endorse a situationist perspective on the ways in which anti-social behavior by individuals, and of violence sanctioned by nations, is best understood, treated and prevented. This view has both influenced and been informed by a body of social psychological research and theory. It contrasts with the traditional dispositional perspective to explaining the whys of evil behavior. The search for internal determinants of anti-social behavior locates evil within individual predispositions – genetic “bad seeds,” personality traits, pathological risk factors, and other organismic variables. The situationist approach is to the dispositional as public health models of disease are to medical models. It follows basic principles of Lewinian theory that propel situational determinants of behavior to a foreground well beyond being merely extenuating background circumstances. Unique to this situationist approach is using experimental laboratory and field research as demonstrations of vital phenomena that other approaches only analyze verbally or rely on archival or correlational data for answers. The basic paradigm to be presented illustrates the relative ease with which ordinary, good men and women are induced into behaving in evil ways by turning on or off one or another social situational variable. I will start with a series of “oldies, but goodies” -my laboratory and field studies on deindividuation, aggression, vandalism, and the Stanford Prison Experiment, along with a process analysis of Milgram's obedience studies, and Bandura's analysis of “moral disengagement.” My analysis is extended to the evil of inaction by considering bystander failures of helping those in distress. This body of research demonstrates the under-recognized power of social situations to alter the mental representations and behavior of individuals, groups and nations. Finally, I explore extreme instances of “evil” behavior for their dispositional or situational foundations – torturers, death squad violence workers and terrorist suicide-bombers. 1 . The political views expressed in this chapter represent solely those of a private citizen-patriot, and in no way should be construed as being supported or endorsed by any of my professionalinstitutional affiliations.
Applications of Multi-Agent Systems in Smart Grids: A survey (2014)

The Smart Grids (SGs) are regarded as the new generation of electric power systems, combining the development of Information Technology (IT), distributed systems and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for more features on the real-time monitoring of the Demand / Response (DR) and the energy consumption. An approach based on the use of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to study the management of distribution systems, simulating the characteristics of SG. This paper presents the different platforms used for the implementation of MAS for the control and operation of smart grids. The MAS' applications in SG available in the literature are also developed in this paper.
Antibiotic-sensitivity Tests (1965)

Ampicillin for Sore Throat SIR,-Dr. A. A. Robertson's conclusion (9 June, p. 614) that the use of ampicillin must be considered in the treatment of acute sore throats is based on the following premises: (l)-that Haemophilus influenzae is fre-
MPM-2 antibody-reactive phosphorylations can be created in detergentextracted cells by kinetochore-bound and soluble kinases (1997)

The MPM-2 antibody labels mitosis-specific and cell cycle-regulated phosphoproteins. The major phosphoproteins of mitotic chromosomes recognized by the MPM-2 antibody are DNA topoisomerase II (topoII) alpha and beta. In immunofluorescence studies of PtK1 cytoskeletons, prepared by detergent lysis in the presence of potent phosphatase inhibitors, the MPM-2 antibody labels phosphoproteins found at kinetochores, chromosome arms, midbody and spindle poles of mitotic cells. In cells extracted without phosphatase inhibitors, labeling of the MPM-2 antibodies at kinetochores is greatly diminished. However, in cytoskeletons this epitope can be regenerated through the action of kinases stably bound at the kinetochore. Various kinase inhibitors were tested in order to characterize the endogenous kinase responsible for these phosphorylations. We found that the MPM-2 epitope will not rephosphorylate in the presence of the broad specificity kinase inhibitors K-252a, staurosporine and 2-aminopurine. Several other inhibitors had no effect on the rephosphorylation indicating that the endogenous MPM-2 kinase at kinetochores is not p34cdc2, casein kinase II, MAP kinase, protein kinase A or protein kinase C. The addition of N-ethylmaleimide inactivated the endogenous kinetochore kinase; this allowed testing of several purified kinases in the kinetochore rephosphorylation assay. Active p34cdc2-cyclin B, casein kinase II and MAP kinase could not generate the MPM-2 phosphoepitope. However, bacterially expressed NIMA from Aspergillus and ultracentrifuged mitotic HeLa cell extract were able to catalyze the rephosphorylation of the MPM-2 epitope at kinetochores. Furthermore, fractionation of mitotic HeLa cell extract showed that kinases that create the MPM-2 epitope at kinetochores and chromosome arms are distinct. Our results suggest that multiple kinases (either soluble or kinetochore-bound), including a homolog of mammalian NIMA, can create the MPM-2 phosphoepitope. The kinetochore-bound kinase that catalyzes the formation of the MPM-2 phosphoepitope may play an important role in key events such as mitotic kinetochore assembly and sister chromatid separation at anaphase.
Analogue Computer for Multicomponent Fractionation Calculations (1950)

There appears to exist in the oil industry a definite use for a computing machine which may be employed to shorten the multi-component fractionation plate-to-plate calculations. A machine believed to be of satisfactory accuracy and reliability has been designed and is in operation. It is estimated that it reduces the computing man hours to about ten per cent of that of the former procedures. The machine can be employed not only on the design of new equipment, but also on the study of possible design and feed variations which might be made in existing fractionation columns.
Quantitative and temporal characterization of the extracellular H2O2 pool generated by human neutrophils. (1984)

The extracellular H2O2 concentration surrounding stimulated human neutrophils was continuously quantitated with a sensitive, H2O2-detecting electrode. Following stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate, opsonized zymosan particles, or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, the extracellular H2O2 concentration rapidly increased and maintained steady state conditions before falling to undetectable levels in a manner that was dependent on the triggering agent used. Total extracellular H2O2 accumulation for each stimulus was quantitated as the integral of the H2O2 concentration with respect to time. H2O2 accumulation in the extracellular milieu was unaffected by the addition of superoxide dismutase, whereas exogenous catalase or myeloperoxidase completely consumed the released H2O2. Analysis of H2O2 metabolism by neutrophils revealed that stimulus-dependent differences in the size of the extracellular H2O2 pool may be partially attributable to differences in hypochlorous acid generation by the H2O2, myeloperoxidase, chloride system. Finally, both the concentration of H2O2 in the extracellular space and its utilization by myeloperoxidase could be diminished in the presence of an extracellular target cell. These data indicate that the ability of a triggering agent to stimulate the neutrophil to generate H2O2 and release myeloperoxidase, coupled with the characteristics of a target cell population, control H2O2 metabolism in effector-target cell interactions.
Pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: implications for the use of recombinant cytokines and photopheresis. (1997)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a clonally derived, skin invasive malignancy of CD4+ cells with the phenotype of mature helper T cells. We previously demonstrated that the leukaemic form of CTCL (Sézary), is characterized by prominent immunological defects including depressed cell-mediated immunity. We also demonstrated increased production of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5) and deficient Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) by their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and detected IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA within lesional skin of patients with all stages of CTCL. A marked defect in IL-12 production has also been noted, which may also play a role in depressed cell-mediated immunity. These results suggested that the malignant CD4+ cells were Th2 cells. Thus, the immune aberrations have been attributed to the cytokine abnormalities triggered by the malignant T-cell population. Because CTCL responds to biological response modification, we focused on strategies for reversing the cytokine and immune defects by in vitro testing of novel biological response modifiers. Our results indicate that IFN-alpha potently suppresses the abnormal IL-4 and IL-5 production, that IL-12 can correct the deficient IFN-gamma production and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and that retinoids can enhance IFN-gamma and IL-12 production. We also studied the in vitro growth characteristics of the malignant CD4+ cells and determined that IL-12 and IFN-alpha significantly suppress growth of these cells. These studies led to a phase I trial of IL-12 to treat CTCL. Also, we have determined that photopheresis produces a high clinical response rate among Sézary syndrome patients. This therapy not only augments functions of monocytes but also induces the malignant T cells to undergo a high rate of apoptosis. We discuss how these therapies might be employed in concert to produce the optimum desired anti-tumour effect.
Neuromotor Synergies as a Basis for Coordinated Intentional Action (1984)

Although neurally based units of action (neuromotor synergies) have often been proposed as a possible basis for coordinated intentional as well as automatic actions, the idea has rarely been translated into sets of testable hypotheses. This essay examines four issues which should facilitate the development of such hypotheses: (a) definitions of neuromotor synergies, (b) criteria for recognizing and comparing synergies in automatic and intentional actions, (c) problems in representing systems of synergies, and (d) models for generating intentional actions from sets of neuromotor synergies. Limitations of, and support for the neuromotor synergy hypothesis are discussed, both in general and for the specific cases of postural synergies and cervico-spinal reflexes. Although current data do not provide conclusive support for or against the neuromotor synergy hypothesis, the problem can be formulated in ways open to experimental investigation.
Immersion Plating of the Platinum Group Metals (1961)

Satisfactory immersion plating processes have been developed for the deposition of palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and platinum up to thicknesses of 50, 30, 100, and 65 μ in., respectively. These coatings may be sealed by various means, including immersion in boiling water, in ammonium hydroxide, or in a replacement gold solution. Adherent coatings which provide useful wear‐resistance in addition to protection against tarnish and corrosion have been deposited on copper and certain copper alloys.