gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Hierarchical Menu Structure Related to Human Association Structure : Spreading Activation Model Approach (2004)

In this study, the usability evaluation of a menu-structure was performed using spreading activation model with respect to human's memory retrieval. Spreading Activation Model is effectively used to understand the process of information retrieval, so it can be used as a theoretical background for modeling of the process of human's information retrieval. For spreading activation test (SAT), subjects were presented with 67 pairs of menu titles, which consist of a menu title in the high level menu item and a menu title for the next lower level menu item, from Korea University's website. For performance tests, three scenarios were developed with longer reaction times and ambiguous associations found in the SAT to reflect the existing problems of the website. As a result, the SAT was found to be an effective tool to enhance the website usability because the SAT could be a substitute for the performance test with a high correlation( ǿ =0.735, ǯ =0.05). After remaining menu titles with slow reaction times and ambiguous associations found in SAT, the website usability was significantly improved with faster reaction times and less ambiguous associations proven with smaller number of web-page visits. Therefore, the SAT could be used as a methodology to design and evaluate the user-centered menu structure related to human's association structure.
Laminar Flow Polymerization of EPDM Polymer (1978)

The study of polymerization in a tubular reactor involves simultaneous consideration of the velocity profile, heat release and conduction, as well as the kinetics of the polymerization. This work was undertaken to determine the effect of this type of reactor upon the molecular weight distribution of the polymer produced. The system studied was the copolymerization of an elastomer from ethylene, propylene, and 1,4-hexadiene in solution using Ziegler catalysis. Laminar flow polymerization similar to previously described work involving polymerization of sytrene in tubular reactors (1, 2, 3, 4) was analyzed, but the numerical techniques are based on unpublished work and appear to be an efficient method in this application. Model The monomers, dissolved in hexane and mixed with catalyst, enter a tubular reactor in parabolic flow. The polymerization releases heat, induces heat transfer by conduction, increases viscosity, and depletes monomers. Heat conduction is considered in the radial direction only. Diffusion of
A highly scalable and effective method for metasearch (2001)

A metasearch engine is a system that supports unified access to multiple local search engines. Database selection is one of the main challenges in building a large-scale metasearch engine. The problem is to efficiently and accurately determine a small number of potentially useful local search engines to invoke for each user query. In order to enable accurate selection, metadata that reflect the contents of each search engine need to be collected and used. This article proposes a highly scalable and accurate database selection method. This method has several novel features. First, the metadata for representing the contents of all search engines are organized into a single integrated representative. Such a representative yields both computational efficiency and storage efficiency. Second, the new selection method is based on a theory for ranking search engines optimally. Experimental results indicate that this new method is very effective. An operational prototype system has been built based on the proposed approach.
Synthesis and Manufacture of Polyamide-imide/Copper Foil Laminates without Adhesive (2006)

Three kinds of polyamide-imide (PAI) were synthesized. The polyimide prepolymer was synthesized from 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 3,3'-4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), after which the prepolymer was reacted respectively with terephthalic acid (TPA), isophthalic acid (IPA), and 4,4'-oxybisbenzonic acid (OBBA) to form PAI-1, PAI-2, and PAI-3. Their chemical structures were characterized using elemental analyses (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermal properties, electrical properties, solubility, and mechanical properties of these PAIs, and the peel strength retention and electrical properties of PAI/Cu laminates were measured. The dielectric constants of PAI laminates were lower than 5.5 and the dissipation factors were lower than 0.035, and were in the order of PAI-3 < PAI-1 < PAI-2. These PAI/Cu laminates exhibited peel strength higher than 2.30 kN/m under normal circumstances and higher than 2.15 kN/m after heating. The order of peel strength was PAI-1 > PAI-3 > PAI-2.
Projection method applications to problems in neural networks and signal reconstruction (1991)

In this thesis we consider two fundamental problems in neural networks: (1) the dynamics of Hopfield net: and (2) efficient learning in feedforward net. Both problems submit to solutions by way of projection methods.
We formulate the dynamics of the bi-level Hopfield net in terms of generalized projection algorithms, and its continuous-level counterpart in terms of convex projections. From this analysis, the stable states of the Hopfield net can be categorized into three classes (two for continuous-level nets). Each class of the stable states has a different relation to the patterns intended to be stored in the net. We also compare the memory storage capacity of the original outer-product storage rule and the projection storage rule experimentally. The protection rule has a larger capacity than the conventional outer-product rule.
The Hopfield net is applied to image restoration. We develop an iterative learning-restoration neural net process for constrained optimization. The Hopfield net computes the parameter adjustment to meet the constraint in the learning phase, and the same net using a different set of biases computes the restored image in the restoration phase. We demonstrate the feasibility of this algorithm by computer simulation.
The problem of efficient learning in multilayer feedforward nets is addressed using the projection-method principle. We develop a learning rule that proves to be much faster than the well-known backpropagation learning rule, especially in the case when the units operate in the strongly nonlinear range. By monitoring the learning history of projection method learning and backpropagation learning, we find that the projection method learning does not have the long stagnation period typical of backpropagation, and is less sensitive to system parameters.
Finally the projection methods are used to solve a problem in image reconstruction that is important in many fields of application. The problem is to reconstruct a bandlimited signal (image) from its nonuniformly spaced samples. We develop an iterative algorithm and a one-step method that are both applicable to one or two dimensional signal reconstruction. The algorithms reduce to the well known Whittaker-Shannon-Kotelnikov sampling formula when the samples are uniformly spaced. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Appropriate Acid Suppression for Optimal Healing of Duodenal Ulcer and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (1994)

Comparisons of the effectiveness of treatments for healing duodenal ulcer are essential to determine optimal management strategies for both economic analysis and quality-of-life evaluation. Differences are usually made on the basis of the proportion of ulcers healed at varying time intervals. It has been shown by meta-analysis that healing of duodenal ulcers with antisecretory drugs is directly correlated to the degree of acid suppression. More recently, sophisticated meta-analysis of 24-hour intragastric acidity data and clinical trials of antisecretory drugs has demonstrated that the optimal degree and duration of gastric acid suppression for healing duodenal ulcer can be achieved by an aggregate time above pH 3 of 18-20 hours/day. These conditions predict 100% ulcer healing at 4 weeks. Antisecretory drug regimens that approach these criteria should achieve faster healing than other agents, with a concomitant acceleration of symptom resolution. Regression analysis was performed on the healing-time curves for each drug class to determine the rate of ulcer healing per week. The mean proportion of ulcers healed, irrespective of treatment duration, was highest for omeprazole, which also provided a significantly faster rate of duodenal ulcer healing than all other drug classes (p < 0.001). It has recently been shown that healing of erosive oesophagitis with antisecretory drugs is directly correlated with both the duration of acid suppression over the 24-hour period (p < 0.05) and the elevation of intra-oesophageal pH above 4. Furthermore, oesophageal acid exposure time can be normalized by maintaining the intra-oesophageal pH above 4 for at least 96% of the 24-hour period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wireless Indoor Localization Using Convolutional Neural Network and Gaussian Process Regression (2019)

This paper presents a localization model employing convolutional neural network (CNN) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) based on Wi-Fi received signal strength indication (RSSI) fingerprinting data. In the proposed scheme, the CNN model is trained by a training dataset. The trained model adapts to complex scenes with multipath effects or many access points (APs). More specifically, the pre-processing algorithm makes the RSSI vector which is formed by considerable RSSI values from different APs readable by the CNN algorithm. The trained CNN model improves the positioning performance by taking a series of RSSI vectors into account and extracting local features. In this design, however, the performance is to be further improved by applying the GPR algorithm to adjust the coordinates of target points and offset the over-fitting problem of CNN. After implementing the hybrid model, the model is experimented with a public database that was collected from a library of Jaume I University in Spain. The results show that the hybrid model has outperformed the model using k-nearest neighbor (KNN) by 61.8%. While the CNN model improves the performance by 45.8%, the GPR algorithm further enhances the localization accuracy. In addition, the paper has also experimented with the three kernel functions, all of which have been demonstrated to have positive effects on GPR.
Non-local approach in mathematical problems of fluid-structure interaction (1999)

Three-dimensional mathematical problems of interaction between elastic and scalar oscillation fields are investigated. An elastic field is to be defined in a bounded inhomogeneous anisotropic body occupying the domain Ω¯1⊂ℝ3 while a physical (acoustic) scalar field is to be defined in the exterior domain Ω¯2=ℝ3\Ω1 which is filled up also by an anisotropic (fluid) medium. These two fields satisfy the governing equations of steady-state oscillations in the corresponding domains together with special kinematic and dynamic transmission conditions on the interface ∂Ω1. The problems are studied by the so-called non-local approach, which is the coupling of the boundary integral equation method (in the unbounded domain) and the functional-variational method (in the bounded domain). The uniqueness and existence theorems are proved and the regularity of solutions are established with the help of the corresponding Steklov–Poincaré type operators and on the basis of the Gårding inequality and the Lax–Milgram theorem. In particular, it is shown that the physical fluid–solid acoustic interaction problem is solvable for arbitrary values of the frequency parameter. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis B core antigen in the immunosuppressed chimpanzee. (1975)

Two chimpanzees with low levels of anti-HBs developed increased antibody titres but showed no antigenemia after i.v. administration of 10 ml infective chimpanzee serum. Treatment of a chimpanzee (also possessing anti-HBs) i.m. with Cyclophosphamide plus Prednisolone for 3 weeks starting 2 days before the challenge with infective serum resulted in detectable circulating HBsAg by day 67. By day 95, the HBsAg concentration had increased to 17 times a human Ag reference plasma and low titres of anti-HBc were also present, but liver enzyme levels did not become abnormal until day 107. Since the circulating HBsAg concentration decreased gradually to 2 times the reference plasma by day 168, the animal was again immunosuppressed using oral Prednisolone alone for 7 weeks and then sacrificed. The liver yielded useful quantities of purified HBcAg while the plasma was an excellent source of Dane particles and HBsAg (41 X human reference plasma). This success could not be reproduced in 4 immunosuppressed cynomolgus monkeys. Our studies, therefore, demonstrate the value of the immunosuppressed high-order primate in the initiation and modulation of hepatitis B.
Constraint systems for useless variable elimination (1999)

A useless variable is one whose value contributes nothing to the final outcome of a computation. Such variables are unlikely to occur in human-produced code, but may be introduced by various program transformations. We would like to eliminate useless parameters from procedures and eliminate the corresponding actual parameters from their call sites. This transformation is the extension to higher-order programming of a variety of dead-code elimination optimizations that are important in compilers for first-order imperative languages.
Iontophoresis with cortisone in the treatment of lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow)—a double‐blind study (2002)

Lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow) is a common dysfunction of the arm. Because there is no agreement concerning the pathophysiology, several modes of treatments have been tried and one of the most common is local steroid injection. Iontophoresis using corticosteroids is a fairly new method recommended in the treatment of lateral epicondylalgia and has become popular owing to impression of superiority compared to local injections-noninvasive, painless and nontraumatic. The aim of this double-blind prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the short- and the long-term pain-relieving effect of corticosteroid iontophoresis in lateral epicondylalgia. Sixty-four patients suffering from lateral epicondylalgia were consecutively randomized into two groups for corticosteroid or placebo iontophoresis. The patients were treated four times during 2 weeks. Follow-ups were done the day after the final treatment and after 3 and 6 months. Twenty-three patients dropped out before the 3-month follow-up because they wanted to complement the treatment or replace it with other treatments. No significant difference between the corticosteroid group and the placebo group in relation to subjective and objective outcome could be observed after the treatment period or at the follow-ups. In fact, both groups improved throughout the study. The results of the present study do not support the use of corticosteroid iontophoresis in lateral epicondylalgia.
양육효능감증진 부모교육 프로그램개발 (2019)

본 연구는 부모의 양육행동을 예측하는 결정적 요인인 양육효능감 증진을 위한 부모교육프로그램을 개발하여 이를 통해 행복하고 건강한 가족을 지원하는 데 본 연구의 목적을 둔다. 본 연구는 문헌고찰과 요구도 조사를 하였으며, 요구도 조사를 위해 아동학 전공교수 3명, 아동학전공 박사 5인, 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모 30명을 대상으로 양육효능감 증진을 위한 부모교육프로그램에 대한 요구도를 알아보았다. 면접을 통해 요구도를 조사하였고, 이를 본 프로그램에 반영하였다.
연구의 결과로 프로그램은 총 8회로 성취경험에 근거한 활동 10개, 대리경험에 근거한 활동 8개, 언어적 지지에 근거한 활동 6개, 생리정서적상태에 근거한 활동 8개의 총 32개의 활동으로 최종 구성되었다. 모든 활동은 각 회기마다 독립적인 목표를 가지고 있으나 전체적으로는 서로 유기적으로 연결되어 있다. 본 연구를 수행하면서 양육효능감의 인지적 변인 중의 하나로서 양육지식이란 개념이 상당히 중요한 것으로 사료되었다. 양육효능감과 관련된 후속 연구에서는 양육지식에 대한
연구가 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.
Current Approaches in NSCLC Targeting K-RAS and EGFR (2019)

The research and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have achieved some important advances in recent years. Nonetheless, the overall survival rates for NSCLC remain low, indicating the importance to effectively develop new therapies and improve current approaches. The understanding of the function of different biomarkers involved in NSCLC progression, survival and response to therapy are important for the development of early detection tools and treatment options. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS) are two of the main significant biomarkers for the management of NSCLC. Mutations in these genes were associated with development and response to therapies. For example, the use of small molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors and immunotherapy has led to benefits in some, but not all patients with altered EGFR. In contrast, there is still no effective approved drug to act upon patients harbouring K-RAS mutations. In addition, K-RAS mutations have been associated with lack of activity of TK inhibitors. However, promising approaches aimed to inhibit mutant K-RAS are currently under study. Therefore, this review will discuss these approaches and also EGFR therapies, and hopefully, it will draw attention to the need of continued research in the field in order to improve the outcomes in NSCLC patients.
A new effective-mass equation for microstructures (1988)

A new effective-mass equation for microstructures (the particle in a box model for quantum wells) is derived using the author's exact formulation of the envelope function method. This new effective-mass equation shows clearly how the envelope function can display a kink at an effective-mass discontinuity (i.e. at an abrupt interface) when viewed macroscopically yet be smooth and continuous when viewed microscopically.
Mitochondrial function in sepsis (2013)

Mitochondrial function in sepsis is highly variable, organ specific and changes over the course of sepsis. Patients who will die from sepsis may be more affected than survivors. Nevertheless, the current data from mostly young and otherwise healthy animals does not support the view that mitochondrial dysfunction is the general denominator for multiple organ failure in severe sepsis and septic shock. Whether this is true if underlying comorbidities are present, especially in older patients, should be addressed in further studies.
Multispectral remote sensing for site-specific nitrogen fertilizer management (2013)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of multispectral remote sensing for site-specific nitrogen fertilizer management. Satellite imagery from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster) was acquired in a 23 ha corn-planted area in Iran. For the collection of field samples, a total of 53 pixels were selected by systematic randomized sampling. The total nitrogen content in corn leaf tissues in these pixels was evaluated. To predict corn canopy nitrogen content, different vegetation indices, such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (Savi), optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (Osavi), modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index 2 (MCARI2), and modified triangle vegetation index 2 (MTVI2), were investigated. The supervised classification technique using the spectral angle mapper classifier (SAM) was performed to generate a nitrogen fertilization map. The MTVI2 presented the highest correlation (R²=0.87) and is a good predictor of corn canopy nitrogen content in the V13 stage, at 60 days after cultivating. Aster imagery can be used to predict nitrogen status in corn canopy. Classification results indicate three levels of required nitrogen per pixel: low (0-2.5 kg), medium (2.5-3 kg), and high (3-3.3 kg).
Remediation of Benzo[a]pyrene and Chrysene-Contaminated Soil with Industrial Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) (2002)

The phytoremediation, with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa), of a Hawaiian silty clay soil contaminated with two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene, was studied. Hemp showed a very high tolerance to the contaminants. The growth rates of hemp, compared with control, in soils fortified with chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene at concentrations of each varying from 25 to 200 micrograms/g were consistently above 100%. The plants grew from seed for 45 days in soil fortified with PAHs at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 micrograms/g. Controls were pots with contaminated soil but no plant. PAHs levels were significantly reduced in all pots (control and seeded pots), expect for one set at a high concentration of chrysene, which may be due to uneven spiking. A time course study over 28 days was done to monitor changes of microbial count and levels of chrysene. Little changes were observed for the total microbial count in the soil, and the concentration of chrysene in the soil decreased slightly in the pots containing plants. However, the chrysene levels in those pots were consistently lower than those in the pots without plants.
Hardware/software partitioning for performance enhancement (1995)

The main objective of hardware/software codesign is to produce systems containing an optimum balance of hardware and software components which work together to achieve a specified behaviour and fulfil specified design criteria-including meeting critical performance targets. This work is concerned with the realisation of a particular class of hardware/software system where the aim is to enhance the performance of critical regions of a software application-this is commonly known as software acceleration. In our case, a critical region of software is part of an application where either a software solution cannot meet the required performance constraints and a hardware solution must be found, or the overall performance can be accelerated by implementing the critical region in hardware. In our approach to hardware/software codesign an application is firstly implemented as a C program and critical regions are identified. The original program can be subsequently partitioned into hardware and software subsystems-where a selected critical region is now implemented in hardware using an FPGA for enhanced performance. We have also implemented an integrated development system to support our codesign methodology, based on a microprocessor and a companion FPGA.
Translating basic science into patient therapy for ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis (2005)

ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody)-associated small vessel vasculitis is an inflammatory condition associated with the production of autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic components. The disorder results in destruction of the microvasculature, infiltration of neutrophils into tissues, which is followed later by mononuclear cells, leading to injury and the formation of granulomatous lesions. Initiators for the disease are undetermined but a pro-inflammatory environment is required. Other influencing factors may include environmental triggers, genetic propensity or infectious agents. The primary cellular event in the condition involves the neutrophils, which are likely to be responsible for the majority of tissue injury. Binding of the autoantibody to neutrophils initiates cell activation via a complex intracellular signalling cascade, culminating in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, proteolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species. Adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells is observed in vitro and more investigations in this area may explain the focussing of the disease to certain vessels/tissues. Current treatment regimens have substantial toxicity. Although newer developments are an improvement there is still a pressing need for more targeted therapies, which could be provided by extrapolating information emerging from basic scientific research.