gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Detection and Localization of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Prostate Tissue from Patients with Bladder Outlet Obstruction (2008)

Background and Aim of the Study : Scant information on the cellular distribution of the five somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in the normal prostate and in neoplasms of the prostate has been reported in very few studies in which techniques, such as in situ hybridization histochemistry, autoradiography, and more recently immunohistochemistry, have been applied. The aim of the study was to examine immunohistochemically the distribution and localization of these 5 subtypes in the various tissue components in normal prostate. Materials : The study was conducted in 14 surgical specimens of normal prostate tissue from adenomectomy specimens from patients with bladder outlet obstruction. The distribution and localization of the 5 somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes was investigated with an immunohistochemical technique. Specificity of the antibodies against the 5 receptor subtypes was preliminarily investigated. Results : Close to 90% of secretory cells showed a weak positivity in the cytoplasm, the proportion ranging from 86.3% (SSTR4) to 89.9% (SSTR5). Strong immunoreactivity was seen in a small proportion of cells, ranging from 0.8% (SSTR3) to 3.2% (SSTR1). For the subtypes 1 and 3 the greatest proportion of basal cells showed a moderate intensity (42.5 and 41.4%, respectively), strong immunoreactivity being observed only in 18.1 and 15.8% of cells, respectively. For the subtypes 2, 4 and 5, the majority of cells showed a weak intensity (72.3, 65.7 and 65.1%, respectively). Subtype 1 showed a strong immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm in 60% of the smooth muscle cells. With subtypes 2, 3 and 4 the greatest proportion of cells showed a weak intensity (63.4, 89.8 and 81.7%, respectively). With the subtype 5 the majority of cells (59.8%) were negative. Subtype 1 showed a strong immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm in 98.6% of the endothelial cells. With subtypes 3 and 4 the greatest proportion of cells showed a weak intensity (73.5 and 56.4%, respectively). With the subtype 2 and 5 the majority of cells were negative (59.1 and 50.7%, respectively). Conclusions : Our immunohistochemical study on the SSTRs expands our knowledge in the distribution of these subtypes in the various tissue components in the prostate. Such an information may prove useful in developing further non-surgical strategies for the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and, in particular, of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the prostate.
A methodology to assess the capability of engine designs to meet closed-loop performance and operability requirements (2015)

Designing a closed-loop controller for an engine requires balancing trade-offs between performance and operability of the system. One such trade-off is the relationship between the 95% response time and minimum high-pressure compressor (HPC) surge margin (SM) attained during acceleration from idle to takeoff power. Assuming a controller has been designed to meet some specification on response time and minimum HPC SM for a mid-life (nominal) engine, there is no guarantee that these limits will not be violated as the engine ages, particularly as it reaches the end of its life. A characterization for the uncertainty in this closed-loop system due to aging is proposed that defines elliptical boundaries to estimate worst-case performance levels for a given control design point. The results of this characterization can be used to identify limiting design points that bound the possible con- troller designs yielding transient results that do not exceed specified limits in response time or minimum HPC SM. This characterization involves performing Monte Carlo simulation of the closed-loop system with controller constructed for a set of trial design points and developing curve fits to describe the size and orientation of each ellipse; a binary search procedure is then employed that uses these fits to identify the limiting design point. The method is demonstrated through application to a generic turbofan engine model in closed- loop with a simplified controller; it is found that the limit for which each controller was designed was exceeded by less than 4.76%. Extension of the characterization to another trade-off, that between the maximum high-pressure turbine (HPT) entrance temperature and minimum HPC SM, showed even better results: the maximum HPT temperature was estimated within 0.76%. Because of the accuracy in this estimation, this suggests another limit that may be taken into consideration during design and analysis. It also demonstrates the extension of the characterization to other attributes that contribute to the performance or operability of the engine. Metrics are proposed that, together, provide information on the shape of the trade-off between response time and minimum HPC SM, and how much each varies throughout the life cycle, at the limiting design points. These metrics also facilitate comparison of the expected transient behavior for multiple engine models.
Futility-based offspring sizing (2009)

Parameter control in evolutionary algorithms (EAs) has been shown to be beneficial; however, the control of offspring size has so far received very little attention. This paper introduces Futility-Based Offspring Sizing (FuBOS), a method for controlling offspring size on a per generation basis without even requiring the user to set an initial offspring size value. We show that on several complex problems, an EA employing FuBOS performs on par with a highly tuned, fixed offspring size EA while being far more efficient in terms of fitness evaluations and much easier to tune as well.
Polyhalogenierte Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1,5,7‐triene, VII. Aromatisierende nucleophile Substitutionen mit primären aromatischen Aminen (1975)

Abstract Der Bicyclus 1a liefert mit primären aromatischen Aminen verschiedene Produkte. Mit 8 mol Anilin oder p ‐Toluidin bilden sich die Isoindoline 11a, b in Benzollösung bereits bei Raumtemperatur. In ätherischer Lösung entstehen dagegen mit 6 mol Anilin oder p ‐Toluidin die bicyclischen Diimine 2a, b . Die weitere Umsetzung von 2a, b mit den aromatischen Aminen im Molverhältnis 1:1 in Benzol führt zu den Diiminoisoindolinen 8a bzw. b . Nur bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Anilinhydrochlorid wird 11a aus 2a gebildet. ‐ Es wird ein Reaktionsablauf über die Zwischenstufen 3, 12, 13 und 14 diskutiert, wobei angenommen wird, daß 14 je nach den Reaktions‐bedingungen durch Dehydrierung zu 8a oder durch Umprotonierung zu 11a aromatisiert. Der Nachweis der Zwischenstufe 14 gelingt bei der Umsetzung von 2a mit Anilin in Gegenwart von Acetylendicarbonsäureester. An Stelle des instabilen Diels‐Alder ‐Adduktes 15 wird das 1,4‐Naphthochinon‐dianil 16 isoliert.
Biotreatment of Oil-Bearing Coke-Oven Wastewater in Fixed-Film Reactor: A Viable Alternative to Activated Sludge Process (2000)

Coke-oven wastewater is produced in the integrated steel plants at coke-oven gas-cleaning operations. It is laden with phenol, cyanide, thiocyanate, and oil. Although the activated sludge process is widely practiced in the biological treatment of coke-oven wastewater, it was observed during field visits that oil contamination and poor sludge settleability had resulted in poor maintenance of the activated sludge process. These problems can be minimized by the use of fixed-film systems such as trickling filters; however, availability of a microbial consortium, which would sustain oil contamination, was a major constraint. Research endeavor at this Institute has resulted in the development of such a microbial consortium, and the same was applied on a bench-scale fixed-film system such as a trickling filter, for the treatment of coke-oven wastewater. The unit was set up in the steel industry, and fresh coke-oven wastewater was treated over a period of 45 days. The results indicated that phenol and oil were simultaneously degraded and the system was stable. The studies established that the fixed-film system could be a viable alternative to the activated sludge process if appropriate microbial consortium is adopted.
Increased breath ethane and pentane concentrations in currently unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (2011)

Schizophrenia is a common and debilitating mental illness. The disorder is thought to be developmental in origin, with oxidative stress being implicated as possible pathophysiological mechanism. Breath alkanes provide a non-invasive means to assess oxidative stress, with ethane levels reportedly increased in medicated patients with schizophrenia. It is possible, however, that the psychotropic medications used to treat the disorder result in elevated breath ethane levels. We have therefore measured the concentration of ethane and pentane, markers of oxidative stress, in the breath of currently unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Alveolar breath samples were collected, applied to thermal desorption tubes, and analyzed using a combination of two-stage thermal de-sorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Compared to healthy controls ethane and pentane levels were found to be elevated in patients with schizophrenia, while levels of butane were normal. Our data support the notion that oxidative stress is increased in schizophrenia and that this is unlikely to be a consequence of antipsychotic medications. In addition, breath alkane analysis may represent a rapid and non-invasive means to monitor oxidative stress occurring in schizophrenia.
Electrofuels (2014)

Abstract Electrofuels are high‐energy compounds produced by the electrochemical reduction of compounds such as carbon dioxide or water. Microorganisms can act as biocatalysts for these reactions, during which they accept electrons either directly or indirectly from electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems ( BESs ). These microbes store this electrical energy by producing extracellular compounds instead of biomass. The electricity that drives this process may be harvested from intermittent renewable sources such as solar or wind. Thus, electrosynthesis could simultaneously sequester CO 2 and store renewable energy sources in designer chemicals, materials, or in convenient, high‐energy‐dense fuels for use in our transportation and electrical grid sectors. Butanol appears to be an ideal electrofuel target because it is considered a “drop‐in” fuel that can be used in our current energy infrastructure. Several challenges still face the production of electrofuels. The stability, structure, and conductivity of materials used as electrodes, the efficiency of electron transfer between these electrodes and microbes, and the diffusion of substrates (e.g., CO 2 ) into and products (e.g., butanol) out of the microbes all need to be optimized for efficient microbial electrosynthesis. A complete life‐cycle assessment of the environmental impact of any electrofuel also needs to be conducted before its widespread use.
Response of electrical drives to gear and bearing faults &#x2014; Diagnosis under transient and steady state conditions (2013)

Bearing and gear faults in systems using electrical drives share many commonalities and have some differences in they way that they can be detected. They both cause a mechanical impulse at a frequency that is related to the speed of the rotor. For neither is it possible to develop a state-space model relating the fault and its location and severity to the measured outputs. The measurements therefore require extensive processing to extract features that are related to a fault and to categorize it. Measurements physically close to the fault location (e.g. vibrations) are generally more useful to accurately determine this fault than measurements away from it (e.g. currents and voltage at the drive). Models of faults include fatigue (e.g. Paris model) and degradation due to bearing currents. In the recent past the techniques to identify these faults have been refined, tested extensively, and compared. They typically include signal conditioning, feature extraction (in the time and time-frequency domain) and categorization, which includes fault identification. Failure prognosis and use of multiple sensors are possible future directions of research to produce reliable estimated of condition and facilitate health management.
On Regression Adjustments in Experiments with Several Treatments (2009)

Regression adjustments are often made to experimental data. Since randomization does not justify the models, bias is likely; nor are the usual variance calculations to be trusted. Here, we evaluate regression adjustments using Neyman’s nonparametric model. Previous results are generalized, and more intuitive proofs are given. A bias term is isolated, and conditions are given for unbiased estimation in finite samples. 1. Introduction. Data
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Chemistry: Secondary Building Units as a Basis for the Design of Highly Porous and Robust Metal—Organic Carboxylate Frameworks (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A simple resonant cavity antenna with improved directivity-bandwidth performance for high-capacity wireless data links (2013)

Resonant cavity antennas (RCA) are superstrate based antennas which are capable of enhancing the directivity of simple sources such as dipoles and patches. These antennas have recently received significant research interest from antenna community owing to their simple design, planar nature and highly directive characteristics but narrowband nature. One of the main research goals associated with RCAs is to enhance their half power directivity bandwidth. In this paper, a very simple RCA design is proposed which improves the half power directivity bandwidth almost 74% more than that exhibited by the conventional RCAs. The proposed antenna has a peak directivity of 20dBi with less than ±0.5dB variation over most of the operating bandwidth. The improved bandwidth of the antenna along with stable directivity, consistent beam quality and sufficiently suppressed sidelobe levels make it highly suitable for wireless point-to-point communication links.
Processing and Performance of CFCCs Using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding and Blackglas™ Preceramic Polymer Pyrolysis (2008)

Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) used in conjunction with preceramic polymer pyrolysis proposes to be a cost effective method to manufacture continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) of complex geometry. In preceramic polymer technology, a polymer is used as a starting material, i.e., precursor, and hence conventional polymer manufacturing techniques, like VARTM, can be used to fabricate tubes that upon reinfiltration/pyrolysis cycle yield ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). In this research, four CMC tubes were fabricated using this technique. Total VARTM manufacturing time averaged 15 minutes for each tube. The matrix material used was Blackglas™. Two different ceramic fibers were used as reinforcements: Carbon coated Nicalon™ in form of woven fabric, and boron nitride coated Nextel™ in form of braided textile. For each fiber/matrix combination, two VARTM techniques were used. One technique was to use injection pressure supplied by the RTM machine in the presence of a vacuum in the mold, and the other technique was the use of vacuum only without the injection pressure, where resin flows due to (a) gravity, (b) capillary effects, and (c) vacuum assistance. Eight to ten pyrolysis cycles were necessary to reach a convergence by weight. Nicalon™/Blackglas™ CFCC tubes of good quality with 2–6% porosity, 44–56% fiber volume fraction, and 2.26–2.30 g/cm3 reached convergence by weight in about ten days. Nextel™/Blackglas™ tubes of good quality with 4–5% porosity, 72–75% fiber volume fraction, and 2.28 − 2.32 g/cm3 converged by weight in eight days. The mechanical performance of the components was evaluated at room and high temperatures using a C-Ring test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the microstructure of the finished parts before and after mechanical testing. A comparison between parts manufactured by the two VARTM techniques, that is with and without injection pressure; shows that the without injection pressure technique offers a promising method to produce tubular CMCs in terms of lower manufacturing costs, part uniformity, and enhanced mechanical properties. Boron nitride coating performs better at high temperature compared with carbon-coating. Also, a combination of boron nitride coating and a textile braided architecture of fiber preform in the mold proved to enhance the performance of the manufactured CFCCs significantly.
Aromatic Compound Solubility in Solvent/Water Mixtures (1986)

The solubility of various aromatic solutes in miscible, polar solvent/water mixtures was investigated through experiment and interpreted through chemical thermodynamic models. Eighteen solute/solvent/water systems were evaluated that represented different properties with respect to hydrogen bonding and functional group substitution. The presence of appreciable (i.e., percent by volume) organic solvent in the aqueous phase had a very large effect on the solubility of the more hydrophobic solutes. In general it was observed that there was a semi‐logarithmic increase in solubility with increasing solvent volume fraction. The increase in solute solubility with solvent volume fraction could be predicted by several chemical thermodynamic techniques, for which the accuracy improved with the extent of use of experimental data to account for nonideal effects. The results of this study are useful to understand solute physico‐chemical properties in heavily contaminated systems, such as in certain industrial wastewaters or in hazardous wastes containing polar solvents. Some of the findings from the investigation are employed in a companion paper to describe the effect of polar solvent on sorption of aromatic solutes onto soil.
MIMO correlation matrices in a microcell scenario for link-layer simulations (2008)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) correlation matrices for high, medium, and low correlation antenna configurations are proposed. Typical microcell scenarios are adopted for simulations using an electromagnetic-based approach for full-wave field solutions. The MIMO correlation coefficients are obtained by the post-processing of these field solutions. The proposed correlation matrices are used for link-layer simulations to evaluate the effect of the channel correlation on the link error rate of a MIMO system.
Lithium Hydride Mediated Nickel(0) Catalysed Biaryl Synthesis from Aryl Chlorides and Bromides (1999)

Lithium hydride is efficiently used as a reducing agent in the ligated Ni 0 catalysed homocoupling of aryl bromides and chlorides.
Latent Heat of Vaporization for n-Octane. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLatent Heat of Vaporization for n-Octane.R. A. McKay and B. H. SageCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1960, 5, 1, 21–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60005a005https://doi.org/10.1021/je60005a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views574Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DEUTERIUM NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND FIELD-INDUCED DIRECTOR DYNAMICS IN LIQUID CRYSTALS (2003)

Abstract Deuterium NMR spectroscopy together with spectral simulations have been used to investigate the field-induced director dynamics in a nematic liquid crystal, 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), confined in a slab between two electrodes. The NMR spectra have been measured when turning the electric field on and turning it off. Measurements were also made at different temperatures to explore how the temperature effects the director relaxation. At higher temperatures, some complications arise as peculiar oscillations are observed in the spectra. With spectral simulation this phenomena is shown to result from the relaxation of the director on a timescale comparable to that of the experiment which is the effective spin-spin relaxation time. The simulated spectra are compared with the experimental spectra for the specifically deuteriated 5CB-d2. Keywords: liquid crystalsdirector dynamicsdeuterium NMRspectral oscillations
An agent platform for reliable asynchronous distributed programming (2003)

Production of reliable and flexible distributed applications is a growing area of interest and research. Various middleware technologies are often used as the communication infrastructure and as a practical ease to the network programming problem. Among them, message-oriented middleware (MOM) are known to provide reliable and flexible communication through asynchronous message passing. This kind of middleware is of particular interest when coordinating components that are not designed for simultaneous execution. Usually MOM focus on the communication layer with a programming interface, charge to the external components to adapt to the MOM communication model. We introduce a distributed programming model based on autonomous software entities called agents. Agents act as the glue software components and they offer reliable and flexible properties like atomic execution or migration from node to node. The combination of both a MOM and agents has been implemented in the AAA platform presented in the second part of the paper.