gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid Protease Produced by Trametes sanguinea, a Wood-destroying Fungus (1964)

A wood-destroying fungus, Trametes sanguinea, produced a potent acid protease in a submerged culture. Maximum proteolytic activity of the culture was attained after 140-hours cultivation in a medium containing dextrin and corn steep liquor. The acid protease was obtained in crystalline form from the mycelium-free culture filtrate by the following successive treatments: acetone precipitation, ionexchange column chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and crystallization by acetone. Throughout the over-all process, the acid protease was purified approximately 30-fold with about 8% recovery of the original activity.
Lack of Definitive Severe Mitochondrial Signs and Symptoms among Deceased HIV‐Uninfected and HIV‐Indeterminate Children ≤ 5 Years of Age, Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (PSD), USA (2000)

Monoprophylaxis with ZDV was not associated with higher death rates in the cohort of 8,465 children or with any findings likely consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction among the 85 deaths. Ongoing monitoring of drug safety in large multi-site prospective cohort studies of HIV-exposed children is essential in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Basic protein enhances the incorporation of DNA into lipid vesicles: model for the formation of primordial cells. (1987)

DNA can be encapsulated into lipid vesicles formed by sonication. The presence of a basic protein, lysozyme, enhances the incorporation 100-fold above the level expected by random trapping. This is demonstrated by the ability of the lipid vesicles to protect DNA from digestion with DNase. Such an enhancement of nuclei acid incorporation into vesicles by basic polypeptides and the sharply increased concentration of these macromolecules in the internal volume may have been advantageous in prebiotic evolution.
Bisphosphonate Polymeric Ligands on Inorganic Nanoparticles (2020)

The design and synthesis of anchoring groups of bisphosphonate-amine (BP-NH2) are presented for the preparation of polymeric ligands on luminescent nanoparticles (NPs). Such ligands serve as overcoatings to impart colloidal stability and conjugation chemistries. These ligands were placed on quantum dots (QDs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), gold nanourchins (AuNUs), and iron oxide NPs (IONPs). The BP-NH2 anchoring groups were coupled to copolymers comprised of amine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (NH2-PEG) and poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIMA) units via aza-Michael coupling. In all cases, polymer synthesis was done as a one-pot reaction of amine-containing precursors with PIMA. The BP-NH2 anchoring groups provided similar colloidal stability as monophosphonate-amine (MP-NH2) anchoring groups on AuNPs. QDs were found to be more optically stable when coated with BP-NH2 vs MP-NH2 functionalized polymers in high-ionic-strength buffers, such as 5× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The versatility of BP–PIMA–PEG as universal NP overcoating chemistry was demonstrated through successful application onto IONPs and AuNUs of various sizes (50, 60, 80, and 100 nm in diameter) via simple ligand exchange reactions. Polymers that were functionalized with azide groups were prepared as substrates suitable for copper-free click chemistry addition of alkyne dyes. Successful coupling of dyes to the azide-copolymer-coated nanoparticles was verified by spectroscopic investigations of near-field resonance energy transfer (RET) interactions. Thus, a series of surface coordinating polymers with affinity to multiple materials were synthesized that yielded nanoparticles exhibiting good colloidal stability and that were amenable to subsequent conjugation reactions.
Emergence de la thérapie anti-angiogénique : un pari stratégique dans le traitement du cancer (1998)

Une revolution conceptuelle recente dans le traitement du cancer consiste a cibler le reseau vasculaire qui irrigue une tumeur. Il est maintenant bien etabli que le developpement d'une vascularisation intra ou peritumorale est un evenement cle autant pour la croissance d'une tumeur que pour la dissemination metastatique par la voie sanguine. L'avancement rapide des connaissances sur les mecanismes de la vasculogenese et de l'angiogenese a permis d'identifier une serie de molecules qui concourent au controle de la formation, de la maturation et du remodelage du systeme vasculaire. L'utilisation de puissants facteurs anti-angiogeniques de decouverte recente, dans des modeles experimentaux de tumeurs solides, a confirme l'efficacite de la therapie anti-angiogenique sur la croissance et la dissemination tumorale. De plus, il a ete montre, dans le cas de l'endostatine, que ce type de strategie anticancereuse n'a pas induit de resistance, ce qui permet d'envisager des traitements au long cours. Cette revue resume les bases biologiques de ces voies therapeutiques nouvelles, parmi lesquelles mention est faite de la therapie genique anti-angiogenique, qui ouvrent des perspectives prometteuses dans le traitement des cancers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Hepatoprotective Activity of 5‐Carbamoyl‐ and 5‐Acetyl‐ Substituted 2‐Alkylthio‐6‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐3‐cyano‐1,4‐dihydropyridines ( V), (VII). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Los Angeles Study of Residential Magnetic Fields and Childhood Brain Tumors (1996)

A measurement study of residential magnetic fields and brain tumors in children that was added onto an ongoing case-control interview study in Los Angeles County, California, include 298 children under age 20 years with a primary brain tumor diagnosed from 1984 to 1991 and 298 control children identified by random digit dialing. Magnetic fields were determined for all Los Angeles homes where these 596 children lived from conception to diagnosis (1,131 homes) by mapping and coding the wiring configurations outside the home and by taking a series of exterior spot and profile measurements. In addition, for a subset of subjects (35%; 211 homes) 24-hour measurements were taken in the child's room and one other room. Although measured fields are consistently highest in the highest of the five wire code categories, fields in homes in this category are much lower in Los Angeles than in Denver, where the code originated. Brain tumor risk appears not to relate to measured fields inside (p for trend for child's room = 0.98) or outside (p for trend for front wall = 0.82) the home. An apparent increase in risk among children living at diagnosis in homes with underground wiring appears to be an artifact introduced by using current controls for historical cases because this apparent excess risk disappeared in an analysis restricted to the later years of the study when cases and controls were accrued concurrently. Our study does not show an overall association of pediatric brain tumors with measured fields, with "very high" wiring configurations, or with any of several other potential sources of exposure, such as use of various electrical appliances, but the prevalence of high fields (> 2 mG) and very high fields (> 3 mG) in Los Angeles homes was too low to detect a moderate effect of the magnitude reported in other studies.
Anion-Templated Assembly of a [2]Catenane (2004)

The first example of a [2]catenane structure to be synthesized using anion templation is described. The nature of the anion template is demonstrated to be crucial to the assembly process, with only chloride anion producing the [2]catenane in acceptable yield. Anion binding studies reveal a dramatic catenation effect on anion selectivity properties as compared to a noncatenated acyclic receptor.
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Modulate Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration via Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (2011)

Severe asthma manifests as airway remodeling and irreversible airway obstruction, in part because of the proliferation and migration of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. We previously reported that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mobilizing agents, including β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) agonists, which are mainstay of asthma therapy, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inhibit the migration of HASM cells, although the mechanism for this migration remains unknown. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an anticapping protein, modulates the formation of actin stress fibers during cell motility, and is negatively regulated by protein kinase A (PKA)-specific inhibitory phosphorylation at serine 157 (Ser157). Here, we show that treatment with β(2)AR agonists and PGE2 induces the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of VASP and inhibits the migration of HASM cells. The stable expression of PKA inhibitory peptide and the small interfering (si) RNA-induced depletion of VASP abolish the inhibitory effects of albuterol and PGE2 on the migration of HASM cells. Importantly, prolonged treatment with albuterol prevents the agonist-induced phosphorylation of VASP at Ser157, and reverses the inhibitory effects of albuterol and formoterol, but not PGE2, on the basal and PDGF-induced migration of HASM cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that β(2)AR agonists selectively inhibit the migration of HASM cells via a β(2)AR/PKA/VASP signaling pathway, and that prolonged treatment with albuterol abolishes the inhibitory effect of β-agonists on the phosphorylation of VASP and migration of HASM cells because of β(2)AR desensitization.
Reproducing Kernels for Visual Surface Interpolation. (1985)

We examine the details of two related methods for the recovery of virtual surfaces from space depth data. The methods use the reproducing kernels of Hilbert spaces to construct a spline interpolating the data. such that this spline is of minimal norm. We discuss the numerical properties of the two methods presented, and give example interpolations.
<title>Single-crystal sapphire high-temperature sensor</title> (2002)

With a single-crystal sapphire disk as the sensing element, a broadband polarimetric interferometer (BPI) based high temperature sensor is presented. The state of polarization of the broadband incident light is modulated by the birefringence of the sapphire disk and becomes a wavelength-encoded signal, which is detected by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). From the detected optical spectrum, an internally developed algorithm is employed to measure the difference of optical paths between two orthogonal linearly polarized lights in the sapphire disk, which is uniquely determined by environment temperature. A wide dynamic measurement range (from room temperature up to 1600 degrees Celsius) with a resolution less than 1 degree(s)C and accuracy 0.26% full scale is achieved. The great advantages of this sensor are its simplicity and long-term stability in the harsh environment.
A Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid Model Maintains Intertumoral and Intratumoral Heterogeneity for Therapeutic Testing (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma remains invariably lethal due to its aggressive and invasive nature. It has been increasingly appreciated that molecular heterogeneity between tumors and within tumors likely contributes to the lack of efficacy of numerous clinical trials. METHODS: In order to maintain the inherent heterogeneity of glioblastoma, we employed a novel method to rapidly culture glioblastoma organoids (named GBOs) directly from neurosurgical resection. Cultures were generated from minced glioblastoma tissue in defined media free of serum, exogenous EGF/fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and matrigel so as to minimize selection bias. Over 30 GBO lines have been generated to date. Comprehensive histologic and sequencing analyses were performed to assess similarity to primary tumors. Leveraging clinical molecular and sequencing data, selected GBOs were treated with radiation/temozolamide, EGFR inhibition (gefitinib), MEK inhibition (trametinib), and mTOR inhibition (everolimus) for 7 d and analyzed by percent KI67+ cells following treatment. Gene set enrichment and gene ontology analysis was performed from pretreated sequencing data. RESULTS: Rounded GBOs form within 2 wk and maintain high similarity to the primary tumor based upon histology as well as by sequencing analysis. Treatment with radiation/temozolamide led to a decrease in the proportion of KI67+ cells in 3 of 8 tumors with some evidence of correlative clinical radiographic response. GBO response to gefitinib treatment was specific to EGFR altered tumors and enriched for EGF related gene sets. Two GBOs had downstream NF1 mutated tumors that responded to MEK inhibition with gene set enrichment for RAS signaling. Despite resistance to other experimental treatments, 1 GBO line was found to have a PI3K mutation and responded significantly to downstream mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSION: This novel culturing method of GBOs maintains both intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. As clinical sequencing because increasingly prevalent, GBOs may become a valuable tool for functionally testing mutation-specific treatment strategies in a patient-specific and clinically relevant time frame.
Near-facility environmental monitoring quality assurance project plan (1997)

This Quality Assurance Project Plan addresses the quality assurance requirements for the activities associated with the preoperational and near facility environmental monitoring performed by Waste Management Federal Services, Inc., Northwest Operations and supersedes WHC-EP-0538-2. This plan applies to all sampling and monitoring activities performed by waste management Federal Services, Inc., Northwest Operations in implementing facility environmental monitoring at the Hanford Site.
8-ary Stokes-Vector Signal Generation and Transmission Employing a Simplified Transmitter (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate a simple straight-line configuration of Stokes vector modulator with two cascaded phase modulators. Three-dimensional 8-ary Stokes-vector-modulated signal is generated at 30 Gb/s and transmitted over a 50-km dispersion-compensated single-mode fiber.
Hearing a mistuned harmonic in an otherwise periodic complex tone (1990)

The ability of a listener to detect a mistuned harmonic in an otherwise periodic tone is representative of the capacity to segregate auditory entities on the basis of steady-state signal cues.By use of a task in which listeners matched the pitch of a mistuned harmonic, this ability has been studied, in order to find dependences on mistuned harmonic number, fundamental frequency, signal level, and signal duration.The results considerably augment the data previously obtained from discrimination experiments and from experiments in which listeners counted apparent sources.Although previous work has emphasized the role of spectral resolution in the segregation process, the present work suggests that neural synchrony is an important consideration; our data show that listeners lose the ability to segregate mistuned harmonics at high frequencies where synchronous neural firing vanishes.The functional form of this loss is insensitive to the spacing of the harmonics.The matching experiment also permits the measurement of the pitches of mistuned harmonics.The data exhibit shifts of a form that argues against models of pitch shifts that are based entirely upon partial masking.
Physicochemical Characterization of the Comb-Type Pyridine-<I>co</I>-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Copolymer at the Interface (2013)

The novel amphiphilic comb-type copolymers were synthesized by copolymerization of a unit A that contains a pyridine (Py) portion and a unit B that contains a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) portion. The obtained copolymers consist of methoxy-endend PEG as a hydrophiphilic segment and Py as a hydrophobic and metal affinity segment (Py-co-PEG). Py-co-PEGs formed micelles and their physicochemical properties were intensively investigated in terms of critical micelle concentration, pyrene solubilization, and micelle size distribution. Furthermore, the gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were prepared using the Py-co-PEG polymeric micelles. Py-co-PEG has attained the long term interfacial stability by employing the multi-point adsorption of the Py unit on the gold surface, although usually prepared Au-NPs by thiol derivative are well-known to readily lose the dispersion stability under physiological and oxidative condition. It is important to note that Au-NPs protected by Py-co-PEG were drastically enhanced their dispersion stability under high ionic physiological and air oxidative conditions.
Upconversion-pumped 2.8–2.9-μm lasing of Er3+ ion in garnets (1991)

Upconversion-pumped lasing characteristics near 3 μm on the 4I11/2-4I13/2 transition of the Er3+ ion in Er:YSGG (erbium-yttrium-scandium-gallium garnet) and Er:YAG (erbium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet), laser state spectroscopy, and population kinetics, are the main subjects discussed. The wide difference in lasing patterns of both garnets can be attributed to the difference in population inversion kinetics which was studied by analyzing the rise and decay of fluorescence starting from the laser states. It is shown that the effective decay times, τ1 and τ2 of the lower and upper laser states, are changed during lasing by the nonlinear energy-transfer processes such that the resulting ratio becomes τ1/τ2&lt;1. In Er:YSGG this condition is established during the declining phase of the 4I11/2 population, whereas in Er:YAG it occurs only for a short time during the rising phase. Consequently Er:YAG lases in a self-terminating pulsed mode. The role of various energy-transfer processes in the upconversion-pumped population inversion kinetics is discussed and analyzed. It is experimentally shown that the lower 4I13/2 laser state in both garnets is depopulated by the cooperative energy summing due to the di- and tri-ionic interactions. Because of these interactions, the 4I11/2 and 4S3/2 states are populated with ensuing fluorescence from these states at 980 and 550 nm, respectively. The indication that the latter state is populated directly by the tri-ionic interaction, rather than via the former state by two sequential ion-pair interactions, follows from the experimental fact that the 550-nm fluorescence rises faster and reaches its maximum sooner than the 980-nm fluorescence. The previously proposed kinetic rate equations for Er:YAG and Er:YSGG were modified by adding a cubic term to represent the tri-ionic interaction. The steady-state solutions yielded approximately cubic dependence of green fluorescence intensity on the intensity of pump radiation in agreement with the experiment. These solutions also explained deviations from cubic dependence observed experimentally in several erbium-doped crystals.
38. Chemical action of ionising radiations in solution. Part XVII. Degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid in aqueous solution by irradiation with X-rays (200 kv) (1957)

M. Daniels, G. Scholes, J. Weiss and C. M. Wheeler, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 226 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000226
Flexoelastic properties of polar liquid crystals (2011)

Structural properties of liquid crystals, such as the order parameters and the orientational, radial, and direct correlation distribution functions of polar liquid crystals 4-n-heptyloxy-4′-n-cyanobiphenyl (7OCB) and 4-n-hexyloxy-benzylidene-4′-n-aminobenzonitrile (HBAB) have been calculated using a combination of numerical simulation and statistical mechanics methods. It has been shown that the calculated values of both the Frank elastic coefficients K i (i = 1, 2, 3) corresponding to the splay, twist, and bend deformations and the flexoelectric coefficients e i (i = 1, 3) agree with the experimental data for 7OCB. The calculated values of the same coefficients for HBAB have been published for the first time.
<title>Characterization of fuzzy Minkowski algebra</title> (1992)

There are various fuzzy morphologies (Minkowski algebras), these depending on the particular fuzzifification of set inclusion that is employed for the definition of erosion. Set-inclusion fuzzification depends upon the choice of an indicator for set inclusion and, based upon a collection of nine axioms, a class of indicators results such that each indicator in the class yields a Minkowski algebra in which a certain core of the ordinary propositions typically associated with mathematical morphology are valid. By going a bit further and postulating a certain mathematical form for the indicator, one obtains fitting characterizations for the basic operators. In ordinary crisp-set binary morphology, certain fundamental representation theorems hold, specifically the Matheron representations for increasing, translation invariant mappings and for T-openings. The definition of a T-opening extends for fuzzy T-openings. There is also a weakened version of the Matheron kernel representation for increasing, translation invariant mappings.
605 Effect of fluctuating energy demand on the evaluation of cogeneration performance (2001)

Average energy demand is often used for the evaluation of cogeneration systems. This paper analyses the effect of fluctuating energy demand on the annual cost and emission evaluation. Two kinds of fluctuations, daily and hourly, were counted. The result shows that the benefit of cost and CO_2 reduction of cogeneration systems is deteriorated as the increase in the fluctuation. The deteriorated performance is larger in hotels, hospitals and houses compared to offices and stores.
Computation of the equivalent capacitance of a via in a multilayered board using the closed-form Green's function (1996)

A method based on the quasi-static approximation for computing the equivalent capacitance of a via is presented in this paper. The geometry of a via consists of traces, pads and a perfectly conducting cylindrical rod; the via is buried in a multilayered dielectric medium with optional reference (ground) planes. The total number of traces, pads, and ground planes can be arbitrary, as well as the angles and cross sections. The method is based on the excess charge formulation of an integral equation applied in conjunction with the recently developed closed-form Green's function.
Optical clock recovery based on all-fibre devices from NRZ data of 10 Gbit/s (2002)

We demonstrate successfully an all optical clock recovery scheme based on all-fibre devices from nonreturn-to-zero format data of 10 Gbit/s with a stabilised asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a mode-locked Er-doped fibre laser. This all-optical clock recovery method will find application in ultra high speed all-optical communication systems.
PARTICIPATION OF THE LIVER IN GENERATION OF A VIGOROUS ANTI-DONOR RESPONSE AFTER INOCULATION OF DONOR SPLEEN CELLS1 (1999)

A strong anti-donor immune response was induced by the transfer of donor antigen-baring liver to naive rats 24 hr after alloantigen inoculation, whereas removal of the liver suppressed alloimmune response. Our results indicate that vigorous anti-alloimmune response occurred in the liver after systemic inoculation of donor spleen cells.