gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FinFETs for nanoscale CMOS digital integrated circuits (2005)

Suppression of leakage current and reduction in device-to-device variability are key challenges for sub-45nm CMOS technologies. Nonclassical transistor structures such as the FinFET are likely necessary to meet transistor performance requirements in the sub-20nm gate length regime. This paper presents an overview of FinFET technology and describes how it can be used to improve the performance, standby power consumption, and variability in nanoscale-CMOS digital ICs.
Pentameric procyanidin from <i>Theobroma cacao</i> selectively inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells (2005)

A naturally occurring, cocoa-derived pentameric procyanidin (pentamer) was previously shown to cause G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we show that pentamer selectively inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MDA MB-231, MDA MB-436, MDA MB-468, SKBR-3, and MCF-7) and benzo(a)pyrene-immortalized 184A1N4 and 184B5 cells. In contrast, normal human mammary epithelial cells in primary culture and spontaneously immortalized MCF-10A cells were significantly resistant. We evaluated whether this differential response to pentamer may involve depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Pentamer caused significant depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in MDA MB231 cells but not the more normal MCF-10A cells, whereas other normal and tumor cell lines tested gave variable results. Further investigations, using a proteomics approach with pentamer-treated MDA MB-231, revealed a specific dephosphorylation, without changes in protein expression, of several G1-modulatory proteins: Cdc2 (at Tyr15), forkhead transcription factor (at Ser256, the Akt phosphorylation site) and p53 (Ser392). Dephosphorylation of p53 (at Ser392) by pentamer was confirmed in MDA MB-468 cells. However, both expression and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein were decreased after pentamer treatment. Our results show that breast cancer cells are selectively susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of pentameric procyanidin, and suggest that inhibition of cellular proliferation by this compound is associated with the site-specific dephosphorylation or down-regulation of several cell cycle regulatory proteins.
A model for fluid stiction of quickly separating circular plates (2013)

Fluid stiction is a force which is created by the average pressure difference between a fluid-filled, narrow, quickly opening gap and the surrounding pressure. It plays a negative role in compressor valve technology and in fast switching valves, since it hinders an immediate response of the valves to a changing driving force situation. In this paper, the axisymmetric fluid stiction problem is studied by analytical mathematical models and experiments performed on a specific test rig. The study shows that the stiction force in narrow gaps is dominated by the viscous flow as described by the Reynolds equation for lubricating gaps and by cavitation which occurs in a centre region if the gap opening speed exceeds a critical value. The cavitation zone first extends and then shrinks and, finally, gives rise to complex oscillation phenomena due to the impact of the fluid when the cavitation zone collapses. It was found experimentally that fluids can create negative pressure for very short time. Measures to limit the stiction force are a large initial gap height or additional fluid supply channels from the surrounding to the gap.
The Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs on the Analysis of T-Cell Activation (2000)

The discovery of the immunosuppressive properties of cyclosporin A (CSA) and its successful utilisation in organ transplantation was a milestone in clinics. CSA has revolutionised transplantation both in term of efficiency and quality-of-life of the patient. In addition, the analysis of the mode of action of CSA has been rewarding in the understanding the mechanisms leading to T lymphocytes activation. CSA binds to a family of cytosolic receptors, the cyclophilins, a highly conserved family of proteins. Once this complex is formed, a third protein, the calcineurin, is recruited. The calcineurin, a calcium-dependent phosphatase, loose its activity when complexed. Dephosphorylation of NFAT, a substrate of calcineurin is a mandatory step for its translocation to the nucleus where NFAT acts as a transactivator involved in the regulation of the genes encoding many cytokines. CSA preventing NFAT dephosphorylation blocks cytokine production this in turn allowing for a better engrafting. The resolution of the tertiary structure of CSA alone or complexed with cyclophilin and calcineurin has important implication in the modelling of new drugs devoid of its side effects. Indeed, the high incidence of cancer is one of the main problems linked to CSA utilisation. Recent data suggest that CSA may promote cancer inducing the transcription of the gene encoding transforming growth factor beta. Other molecules sharing with CSA its immunosuppressive activity were later described. Some of them, as FK506, have the some mode of action; others, as rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil or leflunomide, act at different steps of T cell activation.
Ouse, isis, ose, ise, usk, esk, exe, axe, ock, ux, &c (1887)

Journal Article Ouse, isis, ose, ise, usk, esk, exe, axe, ock, ux, &c Get access Thomas Kerslake Thomas Kerslake Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-III, Issue 78, 25 June 1887, Page 514, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-III.78.514a Published: 25 June 1887
THE EFFECTS OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL AND PERCHLORATE ON THE BIOGENESIS OF THYROID HORMONE<sup>1</sup> (1959)

Graded doses of propylthiouracil (PTU), administered to rats 30 minutes prior to tracer doses of I131 and 270 minutes prior to sacrifice, resulted in progressive reductions in total I131 uptake, I131 organic-uptake, and alterations in the relative proportions of the radioiodinated amino acids. Progressive blockade was associated with an increasing proportion of MIT, and a decreasing proportion of DIT and total thyronines. Comparable reductions in thyroidal I131 organic-uptake induced by perchlorate were not attended by alterations in relative composition of the radioiodinated amino acids. Administration of PTU to rats previously treated with TSH resulted in alterations in radioiodinated amino acid composition similar to those observed with PTU alone, despite a normal I131 organic-uptake. The effects of PTU cannot therefore be ascribed to the reduction in the flux of iodine into organic moieties. Triiodothyronine was detected in less than half of the glands from treatment-free controls and in none of the glands from PTU-treated rats in which a reduction in thyroxine formation occurred. These results indicate that PTU affects not only the initial oxidation of iodine and the resulting monoiodination of tyrosine, but also inhibits both the diiodination of tyrosyl residues and their coupling to form the hormonally active iodothyronines. The findings provide a possible explanation for the restoration of a eumetabolic state in patients with Graves' disease receiving PTU, whose I131 uptakes remain abnormally high.
Role of nerve growth factor in oxidant‐antioxidant balance and neuronal injury. II. A conditioning lesion paradigm (1990)

The PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line is a nerve growth factor (NGF) responsive line that is protected by NGF from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide induced peroxidation. In part, NGF protection of PC12 cells acts through a shift in oxidant-antioxidant metabolism by the enhancement of catalase activity. When PC12 cells are used in a conditioning lesion paradigm to study the effects of an initial sublethal peroxidative insult on subsequent responses to injury, a low dose conditioning lesion protects even in the absence of NGF. The magnitude of the protective effect exerted by the conditioning lesion, however, is augmented in the presence of NGF, since a significant cytoprotective effect is observed over a wider range of H2O2 concentrations. Neuronal injury due to treatment with a high dose of H2O2 (5 mM) has a cytotoxic effect that cannot be prevented by NGF treatment and is, in itself, not conditioning in nature. This in vitro model system lends itself to the development of explanations regarding the salutory effects of conditioning lesions at the molecular level.
The Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer and Chromosome 11 (2000)

Cancer biology as seen from chromosome 11 involves a plethora of mechanisms for chromosomal changes. The high frequency of repeated elements, the presence of active retrotransposons, the appearance of fragile sites, and the presence (and amplification) of drug resistance genes are all expected to destabilize the integrity of this chromosome. Thus, it is not unexpected that chromosome 11 is often mutated in a variety of tumors. Here, we review genes relevant to lung carcinogenesis and progression. Numerous loci and genes will be omitted since their role appears to be restricted to organ sites other than lung (i.e., the KAI gene at 11p11.2 which is involved in metastatic prostate cancer; the EXT2 gene at 11p11.2, which is one of the genes responsible for hereditary multiple exostoses; the WT1 gene at 11p13, which is frequently mutated in nephroblastoma; the TSG101 gene at 11p15.1-2, which may play a role in breast cancer; the ST5 (HTS1) gene at 11p15.3-4, which may be responsible for suppression of HeL a cell somatic cell hybrids). These genes may represent tissue-specific alterations that push certain types of cells into uncontrolled growth. In contrast, chromosome 11 also has genes for basic metabolic processes that are integral to the proliferation of cells (i.e., RRM1) and these are expected to be involved in a broad range of tumors. This review specifically focuses on HRAS, RRM1, MEN1, PPP2R1B, and ATM. Studies of the chromosomal abnormalities that underly cancer has produced a greater understanding of the normal patterns of gene regulation in healthy cells. Imprinting is one example of this, and the future promises to reveal much more.
Fitness components of male and female winter moths (Operophtera brumata L.) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) relative to measures of body size and asymmetry (1999)

In this article we present data from two experiments on the association between individual asymmetry and fitness in the winter moth. We performed a mate selection experiment and compared asymmetry and body size of mated and unmated males collected in the field. Individual asymmetry was not associated with copulation probability, adult life span, or body size, even though body size is a reliable indicator of larval and pupal survival, female fecundity, adult life span, and thus expected fitness. There was only a weak positive effect of body size on mating success, contrary to the strong effect of female size on male choice found in previous experiments. Both males and females were capable of repeated mating, and the number of matings was correlated with female size, but neither with male body size nor with adult asymmetry. Yet, females engaged in repeated matings more frequently if they were first mated to a more asymmetrical male. This may indicate that more asymmetrical males lose paternity due to female remating, although direct paternity analyses need to be carried out. In addition, repeated mating may be uncommon under field situations. In conclusion, the relationship between individual asymmetry and fitness seems to be at best weak in the winter moth.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4,5‐DIHYDROXY‐7‐(2‐AMINOPROPYL)‐ AND 4,5‐DIHYDROXY‐7‐(2‐PHENYL‐2‐AMINOETHYL)BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVES (1984)

Abstract Die Dihydroxybenzofuryl‐acetessigsäureethylester (I) liefern bei Behandlung mit Schwefelsäure die Acetonylderivate (II).
Interleukin-1 inhibits the synthesis of von Willebrand factor in endothelial cells, which results in a decreased reactivity of their matrix toward platelets. (1987)

We have studied the influence of recombinant human and murine interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the synthesis and secretion of von Willebrand factor by human endothelial cells. Treatment of endothelial cells with IL-1 caused a decline in the steady-state level of von Willebrand factor mRNA in endothelial cells. This decline resulted in a decreased secretion to the culture medium, a decreased storage of von Willebrand factor in the Weibel-Palade bodies, and a decreased incorporation into the extracellular matrix. As a consequence of the decreased amount of von Willebrand factor in the extracellular matrix we have found a strongly impaired platelet adhesion to these matrices. When the matrices of IL-1-treated cells were incubated with purified von Willebrand factor, their ability to support platelet adhesion was restored. These results suggest that perturbation of endothelial cells by inflammatory mediators like IL-1 results in a decreased adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium owing to a diminished synthesis of von Willebrand factor.
On the separating capability of cellular neural networks (1996)

The cellular neural network is able to perform different image-processing tasks depending on the template values, i.e. the network parameters, used. In the case of linear templates the parameter space is divided into different regions by hyperplanes. Every region is associated with a task, such that all points within that region let the cellular neural network perform the desired task. In this paper a lower and an upper bound for the number of regions that can be separated with binary-input cellular neural networks are given, thus answering the question of how many different-tasks such a cellular neural network can perform.
Three vs. 1 year of adjuvant imatinib (IM) for operable high-risk GIST: The second planned analysis of the randomized SSGXVIII/AIO trial. (2015)

10505 Background: Three years of adjuvant IM is recommended after surgery for patients (pts) with high-risk GIST with an IM-sensitive mutation. This recommendation is based on the findings from the SSGXVIII/AIO trial that compared 1 year (Arm A) to 3 years (Arm B) duration of administration of adjuvant IM. After a median follow-up of 4.5 yrs, 3 yrs of IM resulted in superior recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), but the OS benefit was based only on 37 events. Methods: Pts with high-risk GIST according to the modified NIH risk stratification who had GIST resected macroscopically completely were eligible. The pts were randomly assigned 1:1 to Arm A or B, and were scheduled to receive IM 400 mg/day either for 12 or 36 months after surgery. Tumor histology was reviewed centrally after randomization. The study protocol was amended in October 2006 to exclude pts who had completely resected metastatic disease from the study. We now present the second planned analysis of the trial based on a median follow-up time of 7.5 years. Results: 400 patients were entered to this multicenter, open study between February 4, 2004, and September 29, 2008. The 397 pts who provided informed consent formed the Intention-To-Treat (ITT) population (A, 199; B, 198 pts). Pts who did not have GIST at central pathology review (n = 15) and those with metastatic GIST at study entry (n = 24) were excluded to form the Efficacy Population (i.e. “the true adjuvant GIST population”; A, 181; B, 177). In this second analysis, 171 recurrences and 68 deaths were detected (ITT). Pts assigned to 3 yrs of IM had longer RFS (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44 - 0.81; P < 0.001) and longer OS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38 - 1.00; P = 0.046) than those assigned to 1 yr of IM in the ITT population, and also in the Efficacy Population (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45-0.85; P=0.003; and HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P = 0.032, respectively). 5-year OS was 86.8% and 93.4% in the 1-year and 3-year groups, respectively, despite the high-risk features of GISTs (Efficacy Population). The frequency of cardiac events (A, 10; B, 6) and the numbers of second cancers (A, 18; B, 23) were similar in the groups. Conclusions: Three years of adjuvant IM resulted in superior RFS and OS as compared to 1 year of IM. Clinical trial information: NCT00116935.
Protection of Floating Pontoons From Corrosion -- Part 3. Condition of Test Floats After Three Years (1969)

A test program was initiated to reduce the maintenance costs associated with steel pontoon camel floats. Three two-coat protective coating systems were applied to pontoons on each of three test floats. One test float was cathodically protected with zinc anodes, another with aluminum anodes, and the third without cathodic protection was designed to serve as a control.
Reactions of Acetylenic Primary Amines<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Acetylenic Primary Amines1G. F. Hennion and Eugene G. TeachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 17, 4297–4300Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01113a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01113a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional regulation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene by MeCP2 and sex-specific expression in autism and Rett syndrome (2013)

Single nucleotide variants (SNV) in the gene encoding the MET receptor tyrosine kinase have been associated with an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The MET promoter SNV rs1858830 C 'low activity' allele is enriched in ASD, associated with reduced protein expression, and impacts functional and structural circuit connectivity in humans. To gain insight into the transcriptional regulation of MET on ASD-risk etiology, we examined an interaction between the methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and the MET 5' promoter region. Mutations in MeCP2 cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a predominantly female neurodevelopmental disorder sharing some ASD clinical symptoms. MeCP2 binds to a region of the MET promoter containing the ASD-risk SNV, and displays rs1858830 genotype-specific binding in human neural progenitor cells derived from the olfactory neuroepithelium. MeCP2 binding enhances MET expression in the presence of the rs1858830 C allele, but MET transcription is attenuated by RTT-specific mutations in MeCP2. In the postmortem temporal cortex, a region normally enriched in MET, gene expression is reduced dramatically in females with RTT, although not due to enrichment of the rs1858830 C 'low activity' allele. We newly identified a sex-based reduction in MET expression, with male ASD cases, but not female ASD cases compared with sex-matched controls. The experimental data reveal a prominent allele-specific regulation of MET transcription by MeCP2. The mechanisms underlying the pronounced reduction of MET in ASD and RTT temporal cortex are distinct and likely related to factors unique to each disorder, including a noted sex bias.
Dynamic Characteristics of an Extendible Nozzle During Deployment (2005)

*† ‡ § ** †† An extendible nozzle is considered to be a feasible device to improve the performance of booster engines because it has possibilities to provide altitude compensation and to achieve higher specific impulse. The booster engines with the extendible nozzle have to deploy the extendible nozzle during firing. For the design of the extendible nozzle and its driving mechanics, it is required to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the extendible nozzle. Dynamic characteristics of the loads acting on the extendible nozzle were investigated through the firing tests on a high altitude test stand with varying the ambient pressure to simulate the altitude change. In the firing tests, the extendible nozzle supported by four or six rods was used. The thrust and side loads acting on the extendible nozzle were evaluated quantitatively by using the supporting system consisted of six rods. Using the measured load data and the calculated nozzle pressure distribution data, the estimation of flow separation point were carried out. The effect of deployment position was also clarified.
Model-based Development and Performance Analysis for Evolving Manufacturing Systems (2014)

Abstract Manufacturing systems and their control software exhibit a large number of variants, which evolve over time in order to meet changing functional and non-functional requirements. To handle the resulting complexity, we propose a multi-perspective modeling approach with different viewpoints regarding workflow, architecture and component behavior. We combine it with delta modeling to seamlessly capture variability and evolution by the same means on each of the viewpoints. We show how the separation in different viewpoints enables early performance analysis as well as code generation. The approach is illustrated using a case study.
Plasma Polymerization of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Perfluorocyclohexane Monomers (1996)

The plasma polymerization of a variety of substituted perfluorocyclohexane monomers (perfluorocyclohexane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, and perfluoro-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane) is systematically compared under identical experimental conditions. The relative abundance of the various CFn (n = 0−3) functionalities found in the respective plasma polymers is shown to be strongly influenced by the electrical discharge power and the structural nature of the fluorocarbon precursor.
THE MODEL 15 100 CHANNEL PULSE HEIGHT ANALYZER (1953)

The gamma activities are used as input to a least squares routine that analyzes the photopeak decay. The least squares routine can be used independently or with another method of determining photopeak gamma activity. (auth)
[Molecular design of anti-MRSA drugs]. (1997)

The true nature of resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is penicillin-binding protein 2' (PBP2'). Affinities of almost all beta-lactam antibiotics to PBP2' were very low. Therefore, MRSA which produces PBP2' shows resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics. However, PBP2' has a different affinity to each beta-lactam antibiotic. For this reason, we thought that some derivatives of beta-lactam compounds could have high affinity to PBP2'. Accordingly, we developed cephem compounds which are more stabile and safe than previous penicillin and carbapenem compounds. Firstly, we investigated the side chain at C-7 position on 2-thioisocephem skeletal. Hydroxyimino-aminothiazol at C-7 position on 2-thioisocephem skeletal had the strongest activity against MRSA. Secondly, we investigated the linkage styles at C-3 position on 2-thioisocephem skeletal which were methylene, vinyl, and propylene. The compound of vinyl linkage style at C-3 position on 2-thioisocephem skeletal showed high activity against MRSA. Finally, we investigated 1-thiocephem, 2-thioisocephem, and 2-oxaisocephem as cephem-skeletals. Simultaneously, we studied C-3 linkage styles which were methylene, vinyl, and propylene. From these results, we found out that the compound of hydroxyiminoaminothiazol at C-7 position and vinyl linkage style at C-3 position on 1-thiocephem skeletal has superb activity against MRSA.