gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Reduction of Sodium Sulfate (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Reduction of Sodium SulfateC. J. Nyman and T. D. O'BrienCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 8, 1019–1021Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50452a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (315 KB) Get e-Alerts
A multi-user visual object-oriented programming environment (2002)

Software systems are growing larger and more complex. The development of a large-scale software system usually requires the collaboration of multiple developers. This paper addresses several desirable features of a practical multi-user, visual object-oriented programming environment (mVOOPE), whose constituent components may be distributed over a long distance, unreliable communication environment such as the Internet. By incorporating three design rationales, more local processing, compact remote communication, and multithreaded collaboration, our mVOOPE makes a trade-off between performance and consistency requirements. The mVOOPE provides programming support with two aspects: visual programming for object-oriented languages and collaborative programming for incremental software development. So far a window-based environment prototype, developed with Visual C++, executes on multiple PCs connected by the network.
Automated confocal in vivo microscopy based on spinning disks (2005)

The successful development of non-invasive quantitative
visualization techniques for live cell imaging have led to the
development of suitable hardware and software for the
acquisition and processing of multidimensional image data.
Confocal spinning disk systems (based either on a classical
Nipkow disk or on the microlens principle) are especially
suitable for in vivo imaging thanks to high acquisition speed
(parallel imaging of thousands of points), high quality image
detection (up to 90% quantum efficiency at negligible noise
levels with state-of-the-art cameras), low photobleaching and
low phototoxicity. Lately, we have been working on the
optimization and automation of image acquisition and processing
for this type of microscopy. Special attention has been paid to
ultra-fast image acquisition mode. This poster presents both
hardware as well as software approach used in our laboratory.
It also shows examples of biological tasks that are being
solved using the automated confocal in vivo microscopy systems.
Fabrication of Uniform DNA-Conjugated Hydrogel Microparticles via Replica Molding for Facile Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assays (2010)

We identify and investigate several critical parameters in the fabrication of single-stranded DNA conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles based on replica molding (RM) for highly uniform and robust nucleic acid hybridization assays. The effects of PEG-diacrylate, probe DNA, and photoinitiator concentrations on the overall fluorescence and target DNA penetration depth upon hybridization are examined. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy results illustrate high conjugation capacity of the probe and target DNA, femtomole sensitivity, and sequence specificity. Combined, these findings demonstrate a significant step toward simple, robust, and scalable procedures to manufacture highly uniform and high-capacity hybridization assay particles in a well-controlled manner by exploiting many advantages that the batch processing-based RM technique offers. We envision that the results presented here may be readily applied to rapid and high-throughput hybridization assays for a wide variety of applications in bioprocess monitoring, food safety, and biological threat detection.
Parallel transform domain Wyner-Ziv video encoding scheme for standard definition video (2012)

In this paper, we propose a new structure for the transform domain Wyner Ziv coding to achieve fast and light-weight encoding of standard-definition (SD) video. The proposed scheme divides each picture into multiple tiles which do not have computational dependencies between each other in order to facilitate parallelization. The proposed parallelized encoder is implemented using OpenMP API. In addition, a bit-plane packing parallel LDPCA encoding scheme is also applied for each tile. This scheme does not depend on specific hardware architecture. Compared to MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 INTRA (GOP=2, 8) and ×264 encoder without hardware acceleration, the proposed scheme shows faster encoding by 1.5 ~ 1.9 and 2.7 ~ 4.7 times, respectively.
Sub-50 nm T-gate pseudomorphic HEMTs using low temperature development method (2005)

This paper demonstrates the use of a low temperature development method as a second development stage in the sub-50 nm T-gate process for Al/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As/In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs. As the development temperature goes down, clearing doses for PMMA and PMMA-MAA are increased. This reduction of sensitivity in low temperature development reduces the detrimental effect on the second stage by the first exposure in the tri-layer (PMMA/PMMA-MAA/PMMA) T-gate process for HEMTs. Thus, both resolution and vertical profile are enhanced in this process. A 25 nm T-shaped resist profile was patterned and a 40 nm T-gate was fabricated after metal lift-off using low temperature development under a low 20 kV E-beam acceleration voltage condition. This method was used to successfully fabricate 40 nm T-gate pHEMTs with 580 mS/mm.
Comprehensive Comparison of Schedulability Tests for Uniprocessor Rate-Monotonic Scheduling (2013)

Schedulability conditions are used in real-time systems to verify the fulfillment of the temporal constraints of task sets.In this paper, a performance analysis is conducted for the best-known real-time schedulability conditions that can beused in online admission control on uni-processor systems executing under the Rate-Monotonic scheduling policy.Since Liu and Layland introduced the Rate-Monotonic scheduling algorithm, many research studies have beenconducted on the schedulability analysis of real-time periodic task sets. However, in most cases, the performance ofthe proposed schedulability conditions were compared only against the Liu and Layland test and not against theremaining schedulability tests. The goal of this paper is to provide guidelines for system designers in order to decidewhich schedulability condition provides better performance under different task characteristics. Extensive simulationexperiments were conducted to evaluate the inexact schedulability conditions and compare their performance andcomputational complexity.
A Wireless Implant for Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders (2018)

Implantable functional electrical stimulation (IFES) has demonstrated its effectiveness as an alternative treatment option for diseases incurable pharmaceutically (e.g., retinal prosthesis, cochlear implant, spinal cord implant for pain relief). However, the development of IFES for gastrointestinal (GI) tract modulation is still limited due to the poorly understood GI neural network (gut⁻brain axis) and the fundamental difference among activating/monitoring smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and neurons. This inevitably imposes different design specifications for GI implants. This paper thus addresses the design requirements for an implant to treat GI dysmotility and presents a miniaturized wireless implant capable of modulating and recording GI motility. This implant incorporates a custom-made system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a heterogeneous system-in-a-package (SiP) for device miniaturization and integration. An in vivo experiment using both rodent and porcine models is further conducted to validate the effectiveness of the implant.
Mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The chain propagation step (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The chain propagation stepRobert C. Brady III and R. PettitCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 5, 1287–1289Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00395a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00395a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2849Altmetric-Citations315LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<scp>L</scp>-Phenylalanine–benzoic acid (1/1) (2005)

In the title compound, C9H11NO2·C7H6O2, the amino acid mol­ecule exists as a zwitterion and the carboxylic acid mol­ecule is in an unionized state. There is a strong O—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bond between the phenyl­alanine and benzoic acid mol­ecules, and these mol­ecular pairs form hydrogen-bonded double layers.
Application of (<i>R</i>)-3-Hydroxyalkanoate Methyl Esters Derived from Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Novel Biofuels (2009)

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) were proposed for the first time as a new type of biofuel. In this paper, poly-R-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and medium chain length PHA (mcl PHA) were, respectively, esterified to become R-3-hydroxybutyrate methyl ester (3HBME) and medium chain length hydroxyalkanoate methyl ester (3HAME) via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. The recovery percentages of 3HBME and 3HAME were 52 and 65%, respectively. The purities of 3HBME and 3HAME were 97 and 96%, respectively. Combustion heats of 3HBME, 3HAME, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, 0(#) diesel, 90(#) gasoline, and 3HBME-based and 3HAME-based blended fuels were investigated and compared, respectively. It was found that 3HBME and 3HAME had combustion heats valuing 20 and 30 KJ/g, respectively. Ethanol has a combustion heat of 27 KJ/g, while addition of 10% 3HBME or 3HAME enhanced the combustion heat of ethanol to 30 and 35 KJ/g, respectively. The addition of 3HBME or 3HAME into n-propanol and n-butanol led to a slight reduction of their combustion heats. Combustion heats of blended fuels 3HBME/diesel or 3HBME/gasoline and of 3HAME/diesel or 3HAME/gasoline were lower than that of the pure diesel or gasoline. It was roughly estimated that the production cost of PHA-based biofuels should be around US$1200 per ton.
Value Circulation Theory—Based on Practices of Agricultural Circular Economy (2013)

If all material units in the economic entities (including inorganic substances and organisms) can fully realize value circulation, the entities will be able to produce the largest total value. Total value refers to the “net value” by subtracting “negative value” from “positive value”. The “positive value” is the direct value of products provided by the economic entities, and the “negative value” refers to the value loss caused by the negative influence of economic entities on resource environment and social economy. This paper makes exposition of circular economy from three aspects: circulation of material units in the production process within economic entities is the core of circular economy; circular economy aims at bringing material units out the economic entities by being affiliated to products; branding material units with value for recycling in economic entities is the guarantee of circular economy.
Helical edge and surface states in HgTe quantum wells and bulk insulators (2008)

The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect is the property of a new state of matter which preserves time reversal, has an energy gap in the bulk, but has topologically robust gapless states at the edge. Recently, the QSH state has been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in HgTe quantum wells [B. A. Bernevig et al., Science 34, 1757 (2006); M. Konig et al., ibid. 318, 766 (2007)]. In this work, we start from realistic tight-binding models and demonstrate the existence of the helical edge states in HgTe quantum wells and calculate their physical properties. We also show that three-dimensional HgTe is a topological insulator under uniaxial strain and show that the surface states are described by single-component massless relativistic Dirac fermions in $2+1$ dimensions. Experimental predictions are made based on the quantitative results obtained from realistic calculations.
[The social sciences in the health field in Brazil: notes for its history]. (1987)

In this work the author reviews, along general lines, the origins and development of the social sciences in the health field in Brazil, with emphasis on the part played by the departments of preventive and social medicine, which extended the scope of undergraduate medical school instruction in the sixties to embrace social issues, and introduced the first subjects and disciplines of the social sciences. He also describes graduate instruction and makes general remarks on social science research in the health field. Originally presented at a Seminar on "The Social Scientist in the Health Field," where participants had to relate their personal experiences, the work tries to evaluate some aspects of the author's experience.
Doppler echocardiography in the study of patients with mitral disc valve prostheses. (1984)

A combination of M mode and Doppler echocardiography was used to study patients with mitral disc valve prostheses. The probe used in these investigations consisted of a circular Doppler crystal mounted around the M mode crystal in the same plane. Because of the strong echoes produced by the prosthesis the transducer (probe) could be angled for optimum Doppler signals without losing the M mode echocardiographic recording of the prosthesis. With this equipment mean and maximum blood velocities and Doppler amplitude signals could be measured simultaneously with M mode echocardiography. A depth indication line in the M mode recording ensured that the Doppler signal was recorded in the region of interest. The Doppler ultrasound technique was also used separately in both the pulsed wave and the continuous wave mode. The data show the usefulness of this technique in patients with normally functioning valve prostheses and in three patients with valve malfunction due to thrombus formation. The data in the latter three cases seem to indicate that the Doppler technique provides valuable information in addition to that obtained by M mode echocardiography in recognising mitral valve prosthetic malfunction.
<i>Salmonella</i> Testing of Pooled Pre-Enrichment Broth Cultures for Screening Multiple Food Samples (1972)

A method has been described for testing multiple food samples for Salmonella without loss in sensitivity. The method pools multiple pre-enrichment broth cultures into single enrichment broths. The subsequent stages of the Salmonella analysis are not altered. The method was found applicable to several dry food materials including nonfat dry milk, dried egg albumin, cocoa, cottonseed flour, wheat flour, and shredded coconut. As many as 25 pre-enrichment broth cultures were pooled without apparent loss in the sensitivity of Salmonella detection as compared to individual sample analysis. The procedure offers a simple, yet effective, way to increase sample capacity in the Salmonella testing of foods, particularly where a large proportion of samples ordinarily is negative. It also permits small portions of pre-enrichment broth cultures to be retained for subsequent individual analysis if positive tests are found. Salmonella testing of pooled pre-enrichment broths provides increased consumer protection for a given amount of analytical effort as compared to individual sample analysis.
Microstructures of silver films plated on different substrates and annealed at different conditions (2011)

We performed systematic experiments to study the morphologies and microstructures of silver (Ag) films grown on different substrates and annealed at different conditions. It was found out that Ag microstructure varies widely versus the surface onto which Ag is plated and versus annealing conditions. The substrates used in this study include alumina/TiW(40nm)/Au(2.5μm), Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /Pd(100nm)/ Au(100nm), Cu, Si/Cr(30nm)/Au(100nm), Si/Pd(100nm)/ Au(100nm), and 304 stainless steel(304SS)/Ni(2um). The annealing conditions are from 250°C to 550°C for 5 to 30 hours. The microstructures and grain size are evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The grain size ranges from 13nm to 15μm. Ag surface morphology looks pretty similar on all these substrates expect Si. Ag films plated on alumina, Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , Cu and stainless steel show smooth and flat morphology. However, Ag plated on the Si has dome-shaped morphology. This is true even when Ag is grown on the same adhesion material. These Cr, Pd, and Au adhesion layers are all coated on the substrates by thermal evaporation in high vacuum. All Au layers demonstrate same morphology. But the Ag films grown on these Au layers show different morphologies. XRD results indicate that Ag has preferred orientation on (111) plane; the preference is especially manifest on Si. Ag grain sizes on Si/Cr(30nm)/Au(100nm) and alumina/TiW(40nm)/Au(2.5μm) were studied before and after various annealing processes by either XRD analysis or SEM observation. The grain size growth seems to follow the grain growth law. The activation energy is calculated to be 134~140kJ/mol and 118~128kJ/mol, respectively at 523K to 723K.
Pharmacokinetics and interactions of digoxin, theophylline and furosemide in diseases with edema. (1993)

In diseases with generalized edema caused by decompensated heart and liver diseases or kidney failure digitalis preparations, diuretics and theophylline -- if lung disease accompanies one of the above states -- are often used. Literature dealing with theophylline, digoxin and furosemide pharmacokinetics in edematous diseases was analyzed as well as theophylline or digoxin interactions with furosemide. The results obtained in these investigations are very dissimilar, even contradictory. In all the drugs investigated, it was found that serum drug concentration was reduced, that there were no changes in comparison with non-edematous diseases and that drug concentrations were elevated in edematous diseases. Many problems in this field remain unsolved requiring further investigations of digoxin, theophylline and furosemide pharmacokinetics in liver, heart and kidney diseases accompanied by edema. As these drugs are often administered in these states, and having in mind their narrow therapeutic range (digoxin, theophylline), intoxication or a drug concentration decrease below the possibility of inducing any therapeutic effect are possible.
Isomaltitol (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomaltitolM. L. Wolfrom, A. Thompson, A. N. O'Neill, and T. T. GalkowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 4, 1062–1064Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01124a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01124a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deletion mutagenesis independent of recombination in bacteriophage T7 (1991)

Deletion between directly repeated DNA sequences in bacteriophage T7-infected Escherichia coli was examined. The phage ligase gene was interrupted by insertion of synthetic DNA designed so that the inserts were bracketed by 10-bp direct repeats. Deletion between the direct repeats eliminated the insert and restored the ability of the phage to make its own ligase. The deletion frequency of inserts of 85 bp or less was of the order of 10(-6) deletions per replication. The deletion frequency dropped sharply in the range between 85 and 94 bp and then decreased at a much lower rate over the range from 94 to 900 bp. To see whether a deletion was predominantly caused by intermolecular recombination between the leftmost direct repeat on one chromosome and the rightmost direct repeat on a distinct chromosome, genetic markers were introduced to the left and right of the insert in the ligase gene. Short deletions of 29 bp and longer deletions of approximately 350 bp were examined in this way. Phage which underwent deletion between the direct repeats had the same frequency of recombination between the left and right flanking markers as was found in controls in which no deletion events took place. These data argue against intermolecular recombination between direct repeats as a major factor in deletion in T7-infected E. coli.