gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Polyolefins. XV. 1-Methylene-2,3,6,7-dibenzcycloheptatriene (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Polyolefins. XV. 1-Methylene-2,3,6,7-dibenzcycloheptatrieneArthur C. Cope and Stuart W. FentonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4, 1673–1678Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01148a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solvent hydrogen bonding and structural effects on nucleophilic substitution reactions: Part 3. Reaction of benzenesulfonyl chloride with anilines in benzene/propan‐2‐ol mixtures (2007)

Abstract Substitution reactions of 13 para‐ and meta‐substituted anilines with benzenesulfonyl chloride in varying mole fractions of benzene in propan‐2‐ol have been investigated conductometrically. The second‐order rate constants correlate well with pK a values of anilines and with the Hammett's equation. The negative Hammett reaction constant indicates the formation of an electron‐deficient transition state. The rate data correlate satisfactorily with macroscopic solvent parameters such as relative permittivity, ε r , and polarity, E T N . Correlation of rate data with Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters (α, β, π*) suggests that both the specific and nonspecific solute–solvent interactions influence the reactivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 657–663, 2007
Effects of caspofungin, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus on toll-like receptor 9 of GM-CSF-stimulated PMNs (2010)

The possible involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, 4 and 9 in the interaction of antifungal drugs with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in response to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans as stimuli was investigated. Caspofungin revealed the broadest capacity to enable C. albicans and A. fumigatus to stimulate TLR upregulation, TLR 2 by A. fumigatus and TLRs 4, 9 by C. albicans. Conventional amphotericin B (cAMB) stimulated only A. fumigatus to induce TLRs 2 and 4 upregulation; voriconazole stimulated A. fumigatus and fluconazole C. albicans to induce TLR 9 upregulation. For cAMB, only TLR 9 was upregulated by A. fumigatus, whereas in the case of voriconazole, TLRs 2, 4, 9 were upregulated. Caspofungin revealed the broadest capacity: C. albicans was stimulated to upregulate TLRs at least at one of the concentrations, and A. fumigatus was stimulated to upregulate TLRs 2, 4. TLR 9 was upregulated two to three fold by all antifungal drugs on protein, except for fluconazole at the RNA level. Candida albicans preincubated with caspofungin has additional effects on CD11b expression and IL8 chemotaxis in CpG-DNA-stimulated PMNs. These results indicate a relevant upregulation with a functional relevance of TLR 9 in the presence of C. albicans strains preincubated with caspofungin at three concentrations.
Solid-state microscale lithium batteries prepared with microfabrication processes (2009)

The miniaturization of power sources is important for meeting the requirements of low power, mass and volume for nano- or microelectronics and MEMS devices. In this paper a dexterous microfabrication process was developed for preparing microscale solid-state lithium batteries. The active size of a single microbattery is 500 µm × 500 µm and its thickness is 1.5 µm. LiCoO2 films prepared by RF sputtering, then annealed at moderate temperature (500 °C), were employed as a cathode electrode, and LiPON and Al films were used as a solid electrolyte and an anode electrode, respectively. An individual microbattery delivers a capacity of about 17 nAh at a current of 5 nA at the initial cycles, and can be operated at as high as 40 nA discharge current.
Quantitative comparison of motor unit potential parameters between monopolar and concentric needles (1991)

This study quantitatively compared the simultaneous recording of the "same" motor unit potentials recorded by closely positioned concentric and monopolar needles. The motor unit potentials from the anterior tibialis of 12 young subjects were analyzed independently by both needles being connected to 2 sets of EMG-computer combinations. Recordings of the same motor unit potentials were confirmed by triggering and averaging of the 2 sets of motor unit potentials with identical firing patterns on both EMG screens. Automatic analysis disclosed the monopolar recordings had a significantly higher mean amplitude (2.05 times), larger surface area (2.64 times), and longer duration (1.86 times) than the concentric recordings, while the mean number of phases (1.58 times) and turns (1.35 times) revealed no statistical differences. Both active recording and reference electrodes contributed to these differences.
Isolation and Characterization of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV from Human Placenta (1982)

Human placenta is surprisingly rich in post-proline dipeptidyl peptidase activity. Among various cell fractions, microsomes have the highest specific activity. A homogeneous enzyme preparation is obtained in a six-step purification procedure. The final preparation appears homogeneous upon dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, but analytical isoelectric focussing reveals various active bands with isoelectric points in the range of pH 3-4. The enzyme is a glycoprotein containing about 30% carbohydrate. Treatment with neuraminidase lowers the isoelectric points but does not reduce the heterogeneity of the band pattern. The subunit molecular weight is 120000 as estimated by dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, whereas Mr of the native enzyme is greater than 200000, as can be concluded from gel filtration experiments. The purified dipeptidyl peptidase cleaves various synthetic and natural peptides, including substance P, kentsin, casomorphin and a synthetic renin inhibitor. In general, the specificity of the placenta peptidase is similar to that of post-proline dipeptidyl peptidase from other sources. Phenylalanylprolyl-beta-naphthylamide (Km = 0.02 mM, V = 92 U/mg) is the best substrate among various synthetic peptide derivatives. Only peptides with a free N-terminal amino group and proline, hydroxyproline, or alanine in position 2 of the N-terminal sequence are cleaved. However, X-Pro-Pro-. . . structures, e.g. as in bradykinin, are not attacked. 1 mM bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate or 1 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate completely inactivate the peptidase within 30 min at 30 degrees C (pH 8). The peptidase is also completely inhibited by 1 mM Zn2+ and by other heavy metals.
Characterisation of intrinsic and compensated defect microstructures in dilute III–V–N alloys (2003)

A comprehensive analysis of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and Raman scattering data on impurity modes is reported for the technologically important dilute ternary GaAs1−xNx, and GaP1−xNx (x<0.03) alloys grown on GaAs and GaP, respectively, by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) and solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). For low nitrogen concentrations in GaAs1−xNx [GaP1−xNx] (i.e. x<0.015), most of the N atoms occupy the As [P] sublattice NAs [NP]. They prefer, however, to move out of their substitutional sites to more energetically favourable locations at higher x values. To comprehend the large width of the localised vibrational mode (LVM) in GaAs1−xNx near 470 cm−1, the possibilities of Ga isotopes (69Ga and 71Ga) and/or intrinsic defects participating with NAs in different configurations were studied. Theoretical results for the N-local modes and its isotopic shifts are found in good agreement with the FTIR data. Although, the presence of isolated N-interstitials. (Nint) in GaAs1−xNx is quite unlikely at higher compositions (0.03>x>0.015), the formations of nonradiative complex microstructures involving N and/or intrinsic defects are energetically favourable. The impurity modes for such complex centres were predicted and the possibility of observing them by optical spectroscopy was evaluated.
«Wir haben aber auch ein Recht, hier zu sein». Jugendliche Teilhabe am Herstellen öffentlicher Räume (2013)

Das Verhalten von Jugendlichen im öffentlichen Raum wird gesellschaftlich, politisch und medial viel disku­ tiert. Dabei wird oft auf spektakuläre Ereignisse fokussiert. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Zürcher Jugendliche öffentliche Räume im Alltag nutzen, wie sie sich an der Herstellung dieser Räume beteiligen und wie dies mit gesellschaft­ lichen Diskursen verwoben ist.
Efficient multi-match packet classification with TCAM (2005)

Today's packet classification systems are designed to provide the highest priority matching result, e.g., the longest prefix match, even if a packet matches multiple classification rules. However, new network applications, such as intrusion detection systems, require information about all the matching results. We call this the multi-match classification problem. In several complex network applications, multi-match classification is immediately followed by other processing dependent on the classification results. Therefore, classification should be even faster than the line rate. Pure software solutions cannot be used due to their slow speeds. We present a solution based on ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), which produces multi-match classification results with only one TCAM lookup and one SRAM lookup per packet - about ten times fewer memory lookups than a pure software approach. In addition, we present a scheme to remove the negation format in rule sets, which can save up to 95% of TCAM space compared with the straight forward solution. We show that using our pre-processing scheme, header processing for the SNORT rule set can be done with one TCAM and one SRAM lookup using a 135 KB TCAM.
The influence of geometry and sample preparation on dynamic shear rheometer testing (2017)

The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) can be considered to be one of the most complex and powerful instruments for characterising the flow properties of bitumen. This paper describes an investigation into the influence of three sample preparation methods (hot pour, silicone mould and weighing) and two testing geometries (8 and 25 mm parallel plate) on the rheological parameters measured during DSR testing. The effect of the different sample preparation methods and sample geometry have been evaluated for a series of unmodified (penetration grade bitumen), process modified and polymer modified bitumens. The results indicate that a method involving the pouring of hot bitumen onto one of the plates of the DSR and then trimming the edge of the sample is the most consistent means of sample preparation. In terms of testing geometry, the results show that it is advisable to overlap testing geometries when testing across certain transitionally stiffness regions (approximately 100 kPa for the 8 and 25 mm geometries). In addition, the use of Black diagrams of complex modulus versus phase angle provides a useful means of selecting suitable testing geometries.
Facile Route for 3D Printing of Transparent PETg-Based Hybrid Biomicrofluidic Devices Promoting Cell Adhesion (2021)

3D printing has emerged as a promising fabrication technique for microfluidic devices, overcoming some of the challenges associated with conventional soft lithography. Filament-based polymer extrusion (popularly known as fused deposition modeling (FDM)) is one of the most accessible 3D printing techniques available, offering a wide range of low-cost thermoplastic polymer materials for microfluidic device fabrication. However, low optical transparency is one of the significant limitations of extrusion-based microfluidic devices, rendering them unsuitable for cell culture-related biological applications. Moreover, previously reported extrusion-based devices were largely dependent on fluorescent dyes for cell imaging because of their poor transparency. First, we aim to improve the optical transparency of FDM-based microfluidic devices to enable bright-field microscopy of cells. This is achieved using (1) transparent polymer filament materials such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETg), (2) optimized 3D printing process parameters, and (3) a hybrid approach by integrating 3D printed microfluidic devices with cast poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks. We begin by optimizing four essential 3D printing process parameters (layer height, printing speed, cooling fan speed, and extrusion flow), affecting the overall transparency of 3D printed devices. Optimized parameters produce exceptional optical transparency close to 80% in 3D printed PETg devices. Next, we demonstrate the potential of FDM-based 3D printing to fabricate transparent micromixing devices with complex planar and nonplanar channel networks. Most importantly, cells cultured on native 3D printed PETg surfaces show excellent cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation during 3 days of culture without extracellular matrix coating or surface treatment. Next, we introduce L929 cells inside hybrid PETg-PDMS biomicrofluidic devices as a proof of concept. We demonstrate that 3D printed hybrid biomicrofluidic devices promote cell adhesion, allow bright-field microscopy, and maintain high cell viability for 3 days. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the proposed fabrication approach for developing 3D printed microfluidic devices from other FDM-compatible transparent polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
Inhibition of Myc-induced cell transformation by brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) (2009)

Cell transformation by the Myc oncoprotein involves transcriptional activation or suppression of specific target genes with intrinsic oncogenic or tumor-suppressive potential, respectively. We have identified the BASP1 (CAP-23, NAP-22) gene as a novel target suppressed by Myc. The acidic 25-kDa BASP1 protein was originally isolated as a cortical cytoskeleton-associated protein from rat and chicken brain, but has also been found in other tissues and subcellular locations. BASP1 mRNA and protein expression is specifically suppressed in fibroblasts transformed by the v-myc oncogene, but not in cells transformed by other oncogenic agents. The BASP1 gene encompasses 2 exons separated by a 58-kbp intron and a Myc-responsive regulatory region at the 5' boundary of untranslated exon 1. Bicistronic expression of BASP1 and v-myc from a retroviral vector blocks v-myc-induced cell transformation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of BASP1 renders fibroblasts resistant to subsequent cell transformation by v-myc, and exogenous delivery of the BASP1 gene into v-myc-transformed cells leads to significant attenuation of the transformed phenotype. The inhibition of v-myc-induced cell transformation by BASP1 also prevents the transcriptional activation or repression of known Myc target genes. Mutational analysis showed that the basic N-terminal domain containing a myristoylation site, a calmodulin binding domain, and a putative nuclear localization signal is essential for the inhibitory function of BASP1. Our results suggest that down-regulation of the BASP1 gene is a necessary event in myc-induced oncogenesis and define the BASP1 protein as a potential tumor suppressor.
Darstellung von <i>trans</i>‐Tricyclo[5.3.0.0<sup>2.6</sup>]decan durch photochemische Dimerisierung des Cyclopentens (1964)

Abstract Bei der Bestrahlung von Cyclopenten in Aceton mit UV‐Licht entsteht ein Gemisch gesättigter und ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe mit trans ‐Tricyclo‐[5.3.0.0 2.6 ]decan als Hauptprodukt. Daneben entstehen durch Addition von Aceton an Cyclopenten tertiäre Alkohole und Acetonylcyclopentan. Die Konstitution aller gebildeten Stoffe wird durch unabhängige Synthesen bestätigt; Methoden zur präparativen Gewinnung von trans ‐Tricyclo[5.3.0.0 2.6 ]decan werden beschrieben.
Approximating Frequency Synthesizers (1974)

The process of frequency synthesis is the step-by-step approximation to the normalized output frequency. In this paper, three different approximation algorithms are briefly discussed, namely continued fractions, Cantor products, and Engel series. Their common disadvantage is their uniqueness; it is shown that this difficulty may be overcome by application of the new general approximation theorem, but the solution can be provided only by computer. Approximation errors are generally small, sometimes smaller than 1 × 10-12. The advantage of modified Cantor products or Engel series algorithms is the possibility of standardizing the hard ware of frequency synthesizers, particularly if the IC technology and the use of off-the-shelf circuits is emphasized.
IL-17 induces autoantibody overproduction and peripheral blood mononuclear cell overexpression of IL-6 in lupus nephritis patients. (2003)

IL-17 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LN through the induction of IgG, anti-dsDNA overproduction and IL-6 overexpression of PBMC in LN patients.
The AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents (2001)

A digital fluoroscopy system is most commonly configured as a conventional fluoroscopy system (tube, table, image intensifier, video system) in which the analog video signal is converted to and stored as digital data. Other methods of acquiring the digital data (eg, digital or charge-coupled device video and flat-panel detectors) will become more prevalent in the future. Fundamental concepts related to digital imaging in general include binary numbers, pixels, and gray levels. Digital image data allow the convenient use of several image processing techniques including last image hold, gray-scale processing, temporal frame averaging, and edge enhancement. Real-time subtraction of digital fluoroscopic images after injection of contrast material has led to widespread use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Additional image processing techniques used with DSA include road mapping, image fade, mask pixel shift, frame summation, and vessel size measurement. Peripheral angiography performed with an automatic moving table allows imaging of the peripheral vasculature with a single contrast material injection.
Small-Molecule Control of Protein Degradation Using Split Adaptors (2011)

Targeted intracellular degradation provides a method to study the biological function of proteins and has numerous applications in biotechnology. One promising approach uses adaptor proteins to target substrates with genetically encoded degradation tags for proteolysis. Here, we describe an engineered split-adaptor system, in which adaptor assembly and delivery of substrates to the ClpXP protease depends on a small molecule (rapamycin). This degradation system does not require modification of endogenous proteases, functions robustly over a wide range of adaptor concentrations, and does not require new synthesis of adaptors or proteases to initiate degradation. We demonstrate the efficacy of this system in E. coli by degrading tagged variants of LacI repressor and FtsA, an essential cell-division protein. In the latter case, addition of rapamycin causes pronounced filamentation because daughter cells cannot divide. Strikingly, washing rapamycin away reverses this phenotype. Our system is highly modular, with clearly defined interfaces for substrate binding, protease binding, and adaptor assembly, providing a clear path to extend this system to other degradation tags, proteases, or induction systems. Together, these new reagents should be useful in controlling protein degradation in bacteria.
Effect of Substitution of High Stearic Low Linolenic Acid Soybean Oil for Hydrogenated Soybean Oil on Fatty Acid Intake (2008)

High stearic, low alpha-linolenic acid soybean oil (HSLL) has been developed via traditional breeding to serve as a substitute for partially hydrogenated soybean oils used in food manufacturing. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact on fatty acid intake in the United States if HSLL were substituted for partially hydrogenated soybean oils used in several food categories, including baked goods, shortenings, fried foods, and margarines. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999-2002), baseline intakes of five fatty acids and trans fatty acids (TFA) were determined at the mean and 90th percentile of fat consumption. Then intakes of these fatty acids were determined after HSLL was substituted for 100% of the partially hydrogenated soybean oils used in these four food categories. The results show that baseline intake of stearic acid is 3.0% energy at the mean and 3.3% energy at the 90th percentile. Use of HSLL could increase stearic acid intake to about 4-5% energy. Mean intakes of TFA could decrease from 2.5 to 0.9% energy, and intake of palmitic acid would remain unchanged. Use of HSLL as a substitute for partially hydrogenated soybean oils would result in changes in the fatty acid composition of the US diet consistent with current dietary recommendations.
Ultrahigh vacuum chamber for synchrotron x-ray diffraction from films adsorbed on single-crystal surfaces (1992)

An ultrahigh vacuum chamber has been developed for structural analysis of adsorbed films and single-crystal surfaces using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. It is particularly well suited for investigations of physisorbed and other weakly bound films. The chamber is small enough to transport and mount directly on a standard four-axis diffractometer and can also be used independently of the x-ray diffractometer. A low-current, pulse-counting, low-energy electron diffraction/Auger spectroscopy system with a position-sensitive detector enables in situ characterization of the film and substrate while the sample is located at the x-ray scattering position. A closed-cycle He refrigerator and electron bombardment heater provide controlled substrate temperatures from 30 to 1300 K. The chamber is also equipped with an ion sputter gun, a quadrupole mass spectrometer, and a gas handling system. Details of the design and operation of the instrument are described. To demonstrate the performance of the instrument, we present some preliminary results of a study of Xe physisorbed on the Ag(111) surface.
Network Intrusion Classification Based on Probabilistic Neural Network (2013)

In order to improve the performance of network intrusion classification, the probabilistic neural network is applied to the field of intrusion detection. Analyzing the theory of probabilistic neural network, a kind of network intrusion classification model based on probabilistic neural network is put forward to solve two classification and multi-class classification problem in intrusion detection. Finally, the experiment is carried out based on KDD Cup 99 data set. The results show that the proposed model has better performance.