gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ikaros limits basophil development by suppressing C/EBP-α expression (2013)

The Ikaros gene (Ikzf1) encodes a family of zinc-finger transcription factors implicated in hematopoietic cell differentiation. Here we show that Ikaros suppresses the development of basophils, which are proinflammatory cells of the myeloid lineage. In the absence of extrinsic basophil-inducing signals, Ikaros(-/-) (Ik(-/-)) mice exhibit increases in basophil numbers in blood and bone marrow and in their direct precursors in bone marrow and the spleen, as well as decreased numbers of intestinal mast cells. In vitro culture of Ik(-/-) bone marrow under mast cell differentiation conditions also results in predominance of basophils. Basophil expansion is associated with an increase in basophil progenitors, increased expression of Cebpa and decreased expression of mast cell-specifying genes Hes1 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf). Ikaros directly associates with regulatory sites within Cebpa and Hes1 and regulates the acquisition of permissive H3K4 tri-methylation marks at the Cebpa locus and reduces H3K4 tri-methylation at the Hes1 promoter. Ikaros blockade in cultured cells or transfer of Ik(-/-) bone marrow into irradiated Ik(+/+) recipients also results in increased basophils confirming a cell-intrinsic effect of Ikaros on basophil development. We conclude that Ikaros is a suppressor of basophil differentiation under steady-state conditions and that it acts by regulating permissive chromatin modifications of Cebpa.
Surface plasmon tunable filter and flat panel display device (2014)

Surface plasmon tunable filter (SPTF) is a new technology underdevelopment at Jet Propulsion Lab. I had discussed the theoretical model and possible applications of using surface plasmon tunable filters for flat panel display device in several SPE meetings. Now a prototype of surface plasmon tunable filter has been fabricated at JPL, and the experiment measurement will be discussed in this paper.
A One Pot Synthesis of β-Cyanoenamines (1986)

Orthoesters, cyanoacetic acid and secondary amines react together, in a one step procedure, to produce ß-cyanoenamines.
Evaluation of a Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for Serum Free Testosterone Based on Ultrafiltration and Isotope Dilution–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (2004)

We achieved the objective of a state-of-the-art candidate RMP, which agreed well with iED and SyD. However, we also demonstrated that a degree of discordance remains, which may require a decision from an authoritative organization on the recommended procedure to measure free hormone concentrations.
Sorting Protein-related Receptor SorLA Controls Regulated Secretion of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (2011)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), after secreted from cells, plays a critical role in central and peripheral neuron survival and function. The secretion of GDNF can be either constitutive or regulated by physiological stimuli; however, the detailed mechanism driving GDNF secretion is still unknown. Here, we report that sorting protein-related receptor with A-type repeats (SorLA), a member of the mammal Vps10p domain receptor, interacts with GDNF and is localized to GDNF-containing vesicles. Overexpression of SorLA significantly increases, and knockdown of SorLA by siRNA decreases, the regulated secretion of GDNF in PC12 and MN9D cells but has no effect on GDNF constitutive secretion. In addition, overexpression of a truncated form of SorLA also impairs GDNF-regulated secretion. Finally, we found that the prodomain of GDNF mediates the interaction of GDNF with SorLA under acidic conditions. Moreover, overexpression of SorLA could enhance the regulated secretion of the GDNF prodomain-GFP fusion protein, suggesting that the prodomain of GDNF is responsible for its regulated secretion. Together, these findings will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying GDNF-regulated secretion.
From VHF to UHF CMOS-MEMS monolithically integrated resonators (2008)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of microresonators exhibiting resonance frequencies in the VHF and UHF bands, fabricated using the available layers of the standard and commercial CMOS technology, AMS-0.35mum. The resonators are released in a post-CMOS process consisting on a maskless wet etching. A clamped-clamped beam with resonance frequency of 290 MHz exhibiting Q-factors of 970 in air and 2836 in vacuum is presented. The fabrication and design of a ring bulk acoustic resonator (RBAR) designed to operate at 1 GHz is described. Preliminary results on the electrical characterization show a resonance frequency of 1.04 GHz and a quality factor of 400 in air.
Introducing Single Page Applications (2014)

A single page application (SPA) is a web application that uses only one HTML web page as a shell for all the application's web pages and whose end-user interactions are implemented by using JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. Most of the SPA development is done on the front end as opposed to traditional web applications that rely heavily on web server interactions and that reload new web pages whenever navigation occurs. SPAs resemble native applications in their behavior and development but they run inside a browser process as opposed to native applications, which run in their own process. In order to understand why SPA development is so trendy today, we need to understand the changes that happened in the web environment that led to today's SPAs. In this chapter you will learn a little bit about web development history and reasons to build SPAs in the first place.
Optimal Resource Placement in Structured Peer-to-Peer Networks (2009)

Utilizing the skewed popularity distribution in P2P systems, common in Gnutella and KazaA like P2P applications, we propose an optimal resource (replica or link) placement strategy, which can optimally trade off the performance gain and paid cost. The proposed resource placement strategy, with better results than existing works, can be generally applied in randomized P2P systems (Symphony) and deterministic P2P systems (e.g., Chord, Pastry, Tapestry, etc.). We apply the proposed resource placement strategy, respectively, to two novel applications: PCache (a P2P-based caching scheme) and PRing (a P2P ring structure). The simulation results as well as a real deployment on Planetlab demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resource placement strategy in reducing the average search cost of the whole system.
Improving the Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria by Using a Machine Learning–Based Screening Model of Neonatal MRM Data (2020)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a common genetic metabolic disorder that affects the infant's nerve development and manifests as abnormal behavior and developmental delay as the child grows. Currently, a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQ-MS) is a common high-accuracy clinical PKU screening method. However, there is high false-positive rate associated with this modality, and its reduction can provide a diagnostic and economic benefit to both pediatric patients and health providers. Machine learning methods have the advantage of utilizing high-dimensional and complex features, which can be obtained from the patient's metabolic patterns and interrogated for clinically relevant knowledge. In this study, using TQ-MS screening data of more than 600,000 patients collected at the Newborn Screening Center of Shanghai Children's Hospital, we derived a dataset containing 256 PKU-suspected cases. We then developed a machine learning logistic regression analysis model with the aim to minimize false-positive rates in the results of the initial PKU test. The model attained a 95-100% sensitivity, the specificity was improved 53.14%, and positive predictive value increased from 19.14 to 32.16%. Our study shows that machine learning models may be used as a pediatric diagnosis aid tool to reduce the number of suspected cases and to help eliminate patient recall. Our study can serve as a future reference for the selection and evaluation of computational screening methods.
Assessing the socio-economic effects of power outages ad hoc (2016)

This contribution presents the methodology and the application possibilities of blackout-simulator.com, a recent software development for the ad-hoc simulation of user specified power outages in Europe. This tool draws upon a novel econometric modeling approach including businesses’ production data as well as data from a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey covering more than 8300 households. Making use of these inputs, blackout-simulator.com allows elaborated economic assessments of the value of electricity supply security. Households’ WTP to avoid power outages is elicited via a stated preference (SP) approach. Power outages at any user-defined time and duration in all of the European countries (at the NUTS II specification level) can be assessed for durations from 1 to 48 hours. Such analyses can serve as essential inputs especially in the discussions on necessary investments for maintaining and upgrading transmission and distribution infrastructures. This tool thus provides a rationale for electricity supply security enhancing investments and energy policy decisions. Illustrating the capabilities of blackout-simulator.com, the blackout of September 28th 2003 in Italy, is assessed in this contribution. Damages to society are found to exceed 1.15 billion Euros, which corresponds to almost 0.1 percent of the annual Italian GDP.
Single units and conscious vision (1998)

Figures that can be seen in more than one way are invaluable tools for the study of the neural basis of visual awareness, because such stimuli permit the dissociation of the neural responses that underlie what we perceive at any given time from those forming the sensory representation of a visual pattern. To study the former type of responses, monkeys were subjected to binocular rivalry, and the response of neurons in a number of different visual areas was studied while the animals reported their alternating percepts by pulling levers. Perception-related modulations of neural activity were found to occur to different extents in different cortical visual areas. The cells that were affected by suppression were almost exclusively binocular, and their proportion was found to increase in the higher processing stages of the visual system. The strongest correlations between neural activity and perception were observed in the visual areas of the temporal lobe. A strikingly large number of neurons in the early visual areas remained active during the perceptual suppression of the stimulus, a finding suggesting that conscious visual perception might be mediated by only a subset of the cells exhibiting stimulus selective responses. These physiological findings, together with a number of recent psychophysical studies, offer a new explanation of the phenomenon of binocular rivalry. Indeed, rivalry has long been considered to be closely linked with binocular fusion and stereopsis, and the sequences of dominance and suppression have been viewed as the result of competition between the two monocular channels. The physiological data presented here are incompatible with this interpretation. Rather than reflecting interocular competition, the rivalry is most probably between the two different central neural representations generated by the dichoptically presented stimuli. The mechanisms of rivalry are probably the same as, or very similar to, those underlying multistable perception in general, and further physiological studies might reveal much about the neural mechanisms of our perceptual organization.
Review article: Safety profile of propofol for paediatric procedural sedation in the emergency department (2010)

The use of propofol for paediatric procedural sedation (PPS) is increasing because of its favourable pharmacodynamic profile. Its paediatric use has been limited in some ED (emergency departments) because of the perceived high rate of serious adverse events in comparison with other sedation agents. A systematic literature review of propofol use for PPS outside the operating theatre environment from 1966 to 2008 was carried out to profile the adverse event rate in comparison with other procedural sedation agents. Sixty studies with a total of 17,066 paediatric propofol sedations in a variety of hospital settings were identified. The incidence of complications were: desaturation 9.3%, apnoea 1.9%, assisted ventilation 1.4%, hypotension 15.4%, unplanned intubation 0.02%, emesis post procedure 0.14%, laryngospasm 0.1% and bradycardia 0.1%. There were no reported incidents of aspiration or emesis during sedation and there were no deaths associated with procedural propofol sedation. The use of propofol for PPS is associated with a low rate of minor adverse events that are all reversible with minimal intervention and do not produce long-term sequelae and occur at similar rates to minor adverse events experienced with other sedation agents. Major adverse events with propofol sedation are extremely rare and appropriate patient and procedure selection would decrease these risks further. The increasing use of propofol for ED PPS is supported by the current evidence because of its comparable adverse event rate to other agents.
[Studies on purification of the extract of fructus Gardeniae for injection by macroreticular resins]. (2005)

Using macroreticular resins is a promising purification way of TCM injections, whereas a more consummate method of quality evaluation must be established to ensure safety, efficiency and stability of the preparation in the process.
In Vitro Studies on the Interaction of Phytase with Trypsin and Amylase Extracted from Shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) Hepatopancreas (1998)

Phytases are added to livestock feeds to enhance bioavailability of phytate phosphorus. The possibility of adding phytase to shrimp feeds was investigated by studying the in vitro interaction of phytase on trypsin and amylase extracted from the hepatopancreas (HP extract) of Penaeus vannamei. Proteolysis of soybean meal (SBM) protein measured as tryptic activity increased linearly with increasing phytase units, indicating that phytase may exert an indirect but positive effect on SBM protein hydrolysis. Increase in tryptic hydrolysis was not significantly affected by changes in pH from 5.5 to 8.5. An additive effect was observed between trypsin and possibly other proteolytic enzymes in the HP extract and phytase on the release of phosphorus from phytate in SBM. An inhibitory effect on HP extract amylase activity by phytase, reported here for the first time, may have important implications on direct addition of phytase to shrimp feeds. Keywords: Phytase; shrimp; trypsin; amylase; interaction
<i>Clostridium difficile–Associated</i> Disease: An Emerging Threat to Patient Safety: Insights from the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (2006)

A formerly infrequently isolated strain of Clostridium difficile known as BI/NAP1 has resulted in geographically diverse outbreaks of C. difficile-associated disease. Such rapid dissemination and distribution of an outbreak strain of C. difficile are unprecedented, with many regions across North America, as well as several countries in Europe, being affected, all in such a short period of time. Also of note is that nontraditional hosts (e.g., otherwise healthy, noninstitutionalized persons residing in the community, some without antimicrobial exposure) have been reported to have severe disease. Data suggest that certain virulence characteristics may be responsible for more severe clinical presentations and poor outcomes. These factors (e.g., hypertoxin production, hypersporulation, antimicrobial resistance) possessed by a previously uncommon strain of C. difficile, in conjunction with particular host and environmental factors, may have precipitated the now widespread establishment of this pathogen. Antimicrobial intervention has traditionally been a mainstay of combating C. difficile-associated disease. Efforts to combat BI/NAP1 should include good antimicrobial stewardship in addition to effective infection control and environmental intervention.
A survey on knowledge compilation (1997)

this paper we survey recent results in knowledge compilation of propositional knowledge bases. We first define and limit the scope of such a technique, then we survey exact and approximate knowledge compilation methods. We include a discussion of compilation for non-monotonic knowledge bases. Keywords: Knowledge Representation, Efficiency of Reasoning
Fluid Dynamics of Inducers—A Review (1982)

The objective of this paper is to review the experimental and analytical investigations on the fluid dynamic aspects of noncavitating inducers. Various analyses available for the prediction of the flow field, starting from the simple radial equilibrium analysis to the numerical solution of exact three-dimensional inviscid and viscid flow equations, are reviewed. The experimental data on the overall inducer performance, rotor blade passage measurements, and boundary layer on rotor blades are critically examined. Some of the available data have been reinterpreted to provide suitable guidance to the designer. The review and the concluding remarks include a global view of the state-of-the-art and applicability of the research to design, and some viewpoints on the analysis and design of inducers.
Modeling electronegative plasma discharges (1994)

A macroscopic analytic model for a three-component electronegative plasma has been developed. Assuming the negative ions to be in Boltzmann equilibrium, a positive ion ambipolar diffusion equation is found. The electron density is nearly uniform, allowing a parabolic approximation to the plasma profile to be employed. The resulting equilibrium equations are solved analytically and matched to an electropositive edge plasma. The solutions are compared to a simulation of a parallel-plane rf driven oxygen plasma for two cases: (1) p=50 mTorr, ne0=2.4×1015 m−3, and (2) 10 mTorr, ne0=1.0×1016 m−3. In the simulation, for the low power case (1), the ratio of negative ion to electron density was found to be α0≊8, while in the higher power case α0≊1.3. Using an electron energy distribution that approximates the simulation distribution by a two-temperature Maxwellian, the analytic values of α0 are found to be close to, but somewhat larger than, the simulation values. The average electron temperature found self-cosistently in the model is close to that in the simulation. The results indicate the need for determining a two-temperature electron distribution self-consistently within the model.
Eliminating the Z-Buffer bottleneck (2002)

We present a solution to one of the fundamental problems in computer graphics, the hidden surface removal. In most 3D-graphics systems the hidden surface removal is done using the Z-Buffer algorithm. This method, however, requires one to perform a read-modify-write memory access for each visible pixel, which represents a severe performance limit. We introduce a novel SRAM cell, which incorporates the needed logical units to perform the Z-Buffer algorithm on its own. Placed into the page register of conventional DRAMs, almost any pixel rate can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Providing quality of service monitoring: challenges and approaches (2002)

Future integrated services networks will need to provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees to multimedia applications. To ensure that the contracted QoS is sustained, it is not sufficient to just commit resources. QoS monitoring is required to detect and locate the degradation of QoS performance. In addition, the distribution of QoS, instead of simply end-to-end QoS, needs to be monitored. In QoS distribution monitoring, the distribution of QoS experienced by a real-time flow in different network segments is monitored. This paper presents a brief survey of current QoS monitoring-related mechanisms, followed by a discussion of the challenges involved in providing QoS distribution monitoring. Several approaches are then proposed to meet these challenges.
Citrate-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Showing Good Bactericidal Effect against Both Planktonic and Sessile Bacteria and a Low Cytotoxicity to Osteoblastic Cells (2013)

A common problem with implants is that bacteria can form biofilms on their surfaces, which can lead to infection and, eventually, to implant rejection. An interesting strategy to inhibit bacterial colonization is the immobilization of silver (Ag) species on the surface of the devices. The aim of this paper is to investigate the action of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on clinically relevant Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria in two different situations: (i) dispersed AgNPs (to assess the effect of AgNPs against planktonic bacteria) and (ii) adsorbed AgNPs on titanium (Ti) substrates, a material widely used for implants (to test their effect against sessile bacteria). In both cases, the number of surviving cells was quantified. The small amount of Ag on the surface of Ti has an antimicrobial effect similar to that of pure Ag surfaces. We have also investigated the capability of AgNPs to kill planktonic bacteria and their cytotoxic effect on UMR-106 osteoblastic cells. The minimum bactericidal concentration found for both strains is much lower than the AgNP concentration that leads to cytotoxicity to osteoblasts. Planktonic P. aeruginosa show a higher susceptibility to Ag than S. aureus, which can be caused by the different wall structures, while for sessile bacteria, similar results are obtained for both strains. This can be explained by the presence of extracellular polymeric substances in the early stages of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Our findings can be important to improving the performance of Ti-based implants because a good bactericidal action is obtained with very small quantities of Ag, which are not detrimental to the cells involved in the osseointegration process.
An engineering model for the estimation of occupant premovement and or response times and the probability of their occurrence (1999)

The estimation of the required safe egress time (RSET) has received a great deal of attention in the past two decades from researchers and life safety engineers. The ‘Codes’, however, present occupant premovement or response components of RSET in a form and that is either far too complex or for which there is no comprehensive scientific foundation. A model is required to predict escape times from a number of different settings that reflect different occupancy types. This paper reviews an engineering and scientifically based model that can be related to and evaluated directly by reliable statistics methods. A discussion of the existing available premovement data from research in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States both published and unpublished is used to demonstrate the rationale for this claim. It is then argued that the three main determinants of occupant response or premovement times account for the variability of occupant response and premovement actions and times. An engineering model based on these determinants, incorporating further variables to establish a safety factor, is presented and reviewed as a tool for informed design and as a vehicle for further research. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organocatalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition to Nitroolefins: When β‐Ketoamides Surpass β‐Ketoesters (2014)

Our findings on the bifunctional squaramide-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of β-ketoamides to nitroolefins are disclosed. It appears that simple acyclic methylene β-ketoamides, unlike the extensively studied β-ketoesters, afford the products in excellent diastereoselectivities, and maintain high yields and enantioselectivities. Moreover, competition and kinetic studies were conducted to rationalize the observed reactivity and selectivity. The high level of diastereocontrol, along with the amenability of the amide group to postfunctionalization, dramatically increase the synthetic usefulness of the transformation.