gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tapered LIGA HARMs (2003)

The standard LIGA process takes advantage of the use of x-ray lithography to produce mold inserts with nearly vertical sidewall; the typical slope of patterns produced by x-ray lithography of polymethylmethacrylate is 0.1%. This lack of significant taper (draft angle) greatly increases the difficulty associated with ejecting parts during demolding. In this paper, a procedure is described to fabricate a mold insert with tapered features having a height of approximately 1 mm and lateral dimensions of approximately 300 μm. A set of six oblique exposures of a thick layer of SU-8 (an EPON epoxy based negative tone resist) is used to create hexagonal posts with a 3° draft angle. An electroforming process is used to fabricate a nickel mold insert with the tapered features. This mold insert is used to injection mold tapered polymer high aspect ratio microstructures. The dimensions of the SU-8 tapered structures (as well as the mold insert) are within 4 μm of desired/predicted values.
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAMETHYLSILIRANE. 6. CONVERSION TO 1‐OXA‐2‐SILACYCLOPENTANES BY TWO‐ATOM INSERTION REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES (1984)

Abstract Die ungesättigten Aldehyde und Ketone (lla‐c) reagieren mit Hexamethylsilan (I) unter Einschiebung der C =O‐Bindung in eine SL‐O‐Bindung des Siliranringes zu den Titelverbindungen (lila‐e).
Relevance of biofilm bacteria in modulating the larval metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite (2006)

Natural microbial communities found on different substrata exposed to the marine environment, including barnacle shell surfaces, are reported to have varying influences on the settlement and metamorphosis of competent cypris larvae. Experiments were carried out to compare the influence of settlement-inducing compounds from the bacteria isolated from the shell surface of Balanus amphitrite on its larval metamorphosis. The effect of multispecies bacterial film was also assessed. The production of different molecules by the bacteria was influenced by the nutrient media under which they were grown. It was observed that the promotory multispecies bacterial film turned to inhibition mode in the presence of the adult extract of the barnacle, indicating that bacteria-adult extract interactions alter the synthesis of different compounds produced by bacteria. The studies also show that the waterborne and the surface-associated cues from the bacteria function differentially in mediating larval metamorphosis. Understanding the complexities involved in such interactions and identification of the factors governing them would be a step forward.
Research on Applying Image Processing Technology to Determine Center of Parts (2010)

The precision detection of machine parts is an important part of manufacturing, which guarantees the quality for products. Image processing technology is a new testing method of precision which opens a new way for the non-contact detection. Its application is more widely with the continuous development of image processing technology. You need a comparative basic point if it needs a comparative analysis with the ideal conditions parts when it’s necessary to detect a part. In this paper, it mainly analyzes the determination of logarithmic spiral surface couplings center points.
Development of an intelligent motion controller and its application to the automation of a McBain‐Bakr balance (1993)

This paper presents a modular approach to motion control using a microconlroller-based stepper motor driver. As an application of the driver, an inexpensive and portable one-dimensional robot was built to automate an existing experimental setup for measurement of adsorption isotherms using the McBain-Bakr technique. Automatic recording of position versus time yields data for the sludy of adsorption/desorption dynamics.
Psychosocial outcomes in a weight loss camp for overweight youth (2009)

Participation in weight loss programs in a group setting, such as a camp, may have added benefit beyond BMI reduction. Greater attention to changes in psychosocial variables may be warranted when designing such programs for youth.
Posterior dislocation of the hip while playing basketball. (1998)

Injuries in basketball are usually to the ankles and knees. Dislocation of the hip is usually associated with severe trauma--for example, road traffic accidents. A case is reported here in which a 22 year old club basketball player slipped on landing from a jump shot, forcing him into a side splits position from which he sustained a posterior dislocation of the hip resulting in a sciatic nerve palsy.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of beer brewers' spent grain and the influence of pretreatments (1987)

The enzymatic saccharification of plant material has been shown to be of interest in various fields, such as the production of fruit juices(1,2) and the utilization of biomass.(3) A combination of cellulase, pectinase, and hemicellulases is usually used because of the chemical composition of the matrix of plant cell walls.For apples, beet pulp, and potato fiber, almost a complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides is obtained by combining cellulose and pectinase. For nonparenchymatic tissue, the situation is somewhat different: pectin is a minor component and the hemicellulose content is much higher. Enzyme action is restricted by the lignin barrier and by the high crystallianity of cellulose in this material. For such materials, mechanical, thermal, or chemical pretreatments are necessary to achieve hydrolysis.(4,5)This communication describes various enzymatic treatements and chemical and physical pretreatemtn, using brewers' spent grain as substrate. Spent grain is the residue of malt and grain which remains in the mash-kettle after the liquefied and saccharified starch has been removed by filtration.
Tyrosine kinases enhance the function of glycine receptors in rat hippocampal neurons and human α<sub>1</sub>β glycine receptors (2002)

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are transmitter-gated channels that mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brain. The GlyR beta subunit contains a putative tyrosine phosphorylation site whose functional role has not been determined. To examine if protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) regulate the function of GlyRs, we analysed whole-cell currents activated by applications of glycine to CA1 hippocampal neurons and spinal neurons. The role of a putative site for tyrosine phosphorylation at position 413 of the beta subunit was examined using site-directed mutagenesis and expression of recombinant (alpha(1)beta(Y413F)) receptors in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. Lavendustin A, an inhibitor of PTKs, depressed glycine-evoked currents (I(Gly)) in CA1 neurons and spinal neurons by 31 % and 40 %, respectively. In contrast, the intracellular application of the exogenous tyrosine kinase, cSrc, enhanced I(Gly) in CA1 neurons by 56 %. cSrc also accelerated GlyR desensitization and increased the potency of glycine 2-fold (control EC(50) = 143 microM; cSrc EC(50) = 74 microM). Exogenous cSrc, applied intracellularly, upregulated heteromeric alpha(1)beta receptors but not homomeric alpha(1) receptors. Substitution mutation of the tyrosine to phenylalanine at position beta-413 prevented this enhancement. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of the Src family kinases, PP2, down-regulated wild-type alpha(1)beta but not alpha(1)beta(Y413F) receptors. Together, these findings indicate that GlyR function is upregulated by PTKs and this modulation is dependent on the tyrosine-413 residue of the beta subunit.
Identification of cytogenetic subgroups and karyotypic pathways of clonal evolution in follicular lymphomas (2003)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by the activation of BCL2 through t(14;18)(q32;q21). Additional acquired mutations are necessary to generate a fully malignant clonal proliferation. Many of these secondary genetic alterations are visible in the clonal karyotype; however, the sequence by which they arise and their influence on clinical behavior have not been determined. The ability to address these issues has been hampered by the lack of computational methods to manipulate complex chromosomal data in a sufficiently large cohort of cases. In the present investigation, we analyzed secondary karyotypic alterations in 336 cases of FL with t(14;18) to identify the most common regions of recurrent chromosomal gain or loss. This revealed 29 recurrent changes present in more than 5% of the tumors. Each tumor karyotype was then assessed for the presence or absence of each of these 29 specific changes. By statistical means, we show that the chromosomal changes arise in an apparent temporal order, with distinct early and late changes. We identify, by principal-components analysis, four possible cytogenetic pathways that characterize the early stages of clonal evolution, which converge to a common route at later stages. We show that FLs with t(14;18) may be classified into cytogenetic subgroups determined by the presence or absence of 6q-, +7, or der(18)t(14;18). Correlation with clinical outcomes in a subset of cases with clinical data revealed del(17p) and +12 to be correlated with an adverse clinical outcome. The clinical implications of these pathways of clonal evolution need to be examined on a prospective basis in a large cohort of FLs.
Antianoxic action and active consituents of evodiae fructus. (1989)

In order to develop new drugs from natural products, constituents of natural medicines were examined for their effectiveness in the KCN-induced anoxia model in mice. Methanol extract from a Chinese medicine, evodia (fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Benth. or E. officinalis Dode), had a significant effect in the KCN-induced anoxia model in mice and therefore the active constituents were further examined. The results indicated that the antianoxic action of evodia was found in the fraction containing evodiamine. Further analysis of the active constituent indicated that evodiamine and rutaecarpine, indole-alkaloids found in large amounts in the Chinese medicine evodia, were mainly responsible for the antianoxic action.
Composition and Histological Observations of Enlarged Pancreases of Chicks Adapted to Raw Soybean Meal Diets (1979)

Chicks fed raw soybean meal (RSBM) as a sole protein source developed a significantly enlarged pancreas as compared to chicks fed heated soybean meal. No difference in DNA, RNA and protein content was observed, but the number of acinar cells was significantly higher in pancreases of chicks fed RSBM, after 14 and 28 days of feeding. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed that the enlargement of the pancreas resulted both from the hyperplasmic increase in the number of acinar cells and from the dilution of the acini by intercellular connective tissue and the appearance of cytopathogenetic areas.
Time Response of Mechanisms and Multibody Systems (2013)

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Claudin-4: Functional Studies Beyond the Tight Junction (2011)

Claudin-4 is an unusual member of the claudin family; in addition to its role in epithelial tight junction barrier function, it is a receptor for the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. We have also found that claudin-4 is regulated in mucosal epithelium M cells, both in increased expression of the protein and in redistribution into endocytosis vesicles. Our ongoing studies are studying the potential for developing ligands specific to claudin-4 for targeted delivery of cargo such as proteins and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to mucosal M cells. Methods for the study of claudin-4 movement within epithelial cells, and delivery of nanoparticles through targeted binding of claudin-4 are described.
CD8+ Regulatory T Cells, and Not CD4+ T Cells, Dominate Suppressive Phenotype and Function after In Vitro Live Mycobacterium bovis-BCG Activation of Human Cells (2014)

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG), the only currently available vaccine against tuberculosis, has been reported to induce regulatory T cells in humans. The activity of regulatory T cells may not only dampen immunogenicity and protective efficacy of tuberculosis-vaccines, but also hamper diagnosis of infection of tuberculosis, when using immune (e.g. IFNγ-release) assays. Still, in settings of infectious diseases and vaccination, most studies have focused on CD4+ regulatory T cells, and not CD8+ regulatory T-cells. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the suppressive phenotype and function of CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells after in vitro live BCG activation of human cells. Moreover, as BCG is administered as a (partly) live vaccine, we also compared the ability of live versus heatkilled BCG in activating CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cell responses. BCG-activated CD8+ T cells consistently expressed higher levels of regulatory T cell markers, and after live BCG activation, density and (co-)expression of markers were significantly higher, compared to CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, selection on CD25-expression after live BCG activation enriched for CD8+ T cells, and selection on co-expression of markers further increased CD8+ enrichment. Ultimately, only T cells activated by live BCG were functionally suppressive and this suppressive activity resided predominantly in the CD8+ T cell compartment. These data highlight the important contribution of live BCG-activated CD8+ Treg cells to immune regulation and emphasize their possible negative impact on immunity and protection against tuberculosis, following BCG vaccination.
Vavilovian Mimicry: Nikolai Vavilov and His Little-Known Impact on Weed Science (2014)

Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov was an early 20th century Russian plant scientist who was killed by Joseph Stalin in 1943 for his adherence to basic genetic principles. Vavilov is well known within plant breeding and plant evolutionary biology circles, yet the science of Vavilov is just as important to the field of weed science. Specifically, Vavilov proposed that certain weeds adapted to weed control practices to survive in prehistorical agrarian societies. Most would refer to this adaption as crop mimicry, but the term “Vavilovian mimicry” is more apt. Vavilovian mimicry requires three factors: a model—the crop or desirable plant; a mimic—the weed; and an operator—the discriminating agent, possibly human, animal, or machine. In a modern context, it is proposed that weed adaptation to herbicide applications be included as a form of Vavilovian mimicry, with the acknowledgement that the operator is the herbicide. In this context, Vavilovian mimicry is the adaption of the weed mimic to be perceived by the operator as visually, physically, or biochemically indistinguishable from the crop model. This review will cover the history and legacy of Vavilov in a condensed version in the hope that weed scientists will hold this individual in high regard in our future endeavors and begin to acknowledge Vavilov as one of the first scientists to propose that weeds can mimic the attributes of crops.
Control Motion Approach of a Lower Limb Orthosis to Reduce Energy Consumption (2012)

By analysing the dynamic principles of the human gait, an economic gait-control analysis is performed, and passive elements are included to increase the energy efficiency in the motion control of active orthoses. Traditional orthoses use position patterns from the clinical gait analyses (CGAs) of healthy people, which are then de-normalized and adjusted to each user. These orthoses maintain a very rigid gait, and their energy cost is very high, reducing the autonomy of the user. First, to take advantage of the inherent dynamics of the legs, a state machine pattern with different gains in each state is applied to reduce the actuator energy consumption. Next, different passive elements, such as springs and brakes in the joints, are analysed to further reduce energy consumption. After an off-line parameter optimization and a heuristic improvement with genetic algorithms, a reduction in energy consumption of 16.8% is obtained by applying a state machine control pattern, and a reduction of 18.9% is obtained by using passive elements. Finally, by combining both strategies, a more natural gait is obtained, and energy consumption is reduced by 24.6% compared with a pure CGA pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: FREE SULFILIMINES. 5. PREPARATION AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ′FREE′ SULFILIMINES (1976)

Abstract Aus den N‐Tosyl‐sulfiliminen (I) entstehen über (II) die freien Sulfilimine (III), deren Dialkyl‐ und Alkylarylvertreter bei Raumtemperatur zu den Sulfiden (IV) und Ammoniak gespalten werden.
The Chemistry Of Chromyl Compounds (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry Of Chromyl CompoundsWinslow H. Hartford and Marc DarrinCite this: Chem. Rev. 1958, 58, 1, 1–61Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50019a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50019a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views958Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synergistic Doping of Fullerene Electron Transport Layer and Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids Enhances Solar Cell Performance (2014)

The spatial location of the predominant source of performance-limiting recombination in today's best colloidal quantum dot (CQD) cells is identified, pinpointing the TiO2:CQD junction; then, a highly n-doped PCBM layer is introduced at the CQD:TiO2 heterointerface. An n-doped PCBM layer is essential to maintain the depletion region and allow for efficient current extraction, thereby producing a record 8.9% in overall power conversion efficiency.
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers mediated by solvent assisted NIL (2012)

International audience
Stretch-dependent changes in molecular conformation in fibronectin nanofibers (2017)

Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes including embryonic development, wound healing, and fibrosis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that FN is mechanosensitive, where the application of force induces conformational changes within the FN molecule to expose otherwise cryptic binding domains. However, it has proven technically challenging to dynamically monitor how the nanostructure of FN fibers changes as a result of force-induced extension, due in part to the inherent complexity of FN networks within tissue and cell-generated extracellular matrix (ECM). This has limited our understanding of FN matrix mechanobiology and the complex bi-directional signaling between cells and the ECM, and de novo FN fiber fabrication strategies have only partially addressed this. Towards addressing this need, we have developed a modified surface-initiated assembly (SIA) technique to engineer FN nanofibers that we can uniaxially stretch to >7-fold extensions and subsequently immobilize them in the stretched state for high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Using this approach, we analyzed how the nanostructure of FN molecules within the nanofibers changed with stretch. In fully contracted FN nanofibers, we observed large, densely packed, isotropically-oriented nodules. With intermediate extension, uniaxially-aligned fibrillar regions developed and nodules became progressively smaller. At high extension, the nanostructure consisted of highly aligned fibrils with small nodules in a beads-on-a-string arrangement. In summary, we have established a methodology to uniaxially stretch FN fibers and monitor changes in nanostructure using AFM. Our results provide new insight into how FN fiber extension can affect the morphology of the constituent FN molecules.
Straight wire Spring of Stainless Steel (1966)

通信用継電器の接点ばね材料として, ステンレス鋼を取り上げ, まず, ばねの製造加工法ならびに機械的性質とその相関関係について考察し, それらの結果をもとに熱処理による直線ステンレスばねを見いだしたものである.(1) 直線ステンレスばねの製造は, 減面率60%以上に冷間線引加工したステンレス鋼線に, その降伏点以下の引張力を与えながら, 500～800℃の無酸化ふん囲気中の温度で短時間処理を施せばよい.(2) 熱処理きょう正によって得たステンレスばねの機械的性質は, 従来の銅合金ばねに比べ疲労強度は2～3倍, しかも均一で, ねじり曲げ加工性がきわめてよいので継電器の接点ばねをはじめかなり複雑な形状のばねにも応用できる.(3) ステンレス鋼線のビッカースかたさと引張強度, 耐力相互間には加工条件には無関係に1対1の対応関係がある. また, ばね限界値は加工処理別に直線関係が成立する.
Partial-response maximum-likelihood core development for a CD/DVD controller integrated circuit (2001)

A new PRML architecture is presented to demonstrate its superiority over the conventional analog channel in a DVD system. In this new architecture, the robustness to the baseline disturbance in the readback signal is emphasized in developing the algorithms for the PLL, digital gain control, asymmetry control, adaptive FIR filter, and Viterbi detector and post processor. In addition, a method of modeling the asymmetrical readback signal is discussed. A new algorithm for the digital PLL is described which does not require the oversampling. A simple method is presented to reduce the asymmetry in the ADC samples. To further improve the sensitivity to the baseline wandering, a Viterbi detector is designed using the difference metric approach and followed by a post processor, which corrects the baseline related errors from the VD. A test chip is fabricated using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology to demonstrate the performance of the proposed architecture.
A quantum cascade phonon-polariton laser (2016)

We report a laser that coherently emits phonon-polaritons, quasi-particles arising from the coupling between photons and transverse optical phonons. The gain is provided by an intersubband transition in a quantum cascade structure. The polaritons at h$ν$ = 45.4meV (corresponding to an emission frequency of 10.4THz) are formed by the transverse AlAs phonon mode of monolayer thin AlInAs layers coupled to the optical modes of a Fabry-Perot cavity. The frequency location of the laser mode is in good agreement with the computed polaritonic dispersion and allows to quantify the constituent fractions of the emitted polaritons that reach a maximum of 50% for the phonon fraction. A fraction of the gain (between 2-5%) originates directly from the coupling between the intersubband and the phonon polarizations. The device exhibits a very low temperature dependence of its threshold current, as well as the capability to operate in very thin ($λ/20$) optical cavities.
High Heat Flux Cooling by Liquid Jet-Array Modules (1999)

Liquid jet impingement has a demonstrated capacity for high heat flux cooling. Here, we describe the use of a water jet array in removing heat fluxes of 1 to 17 MW/m2 over an area of 10 cm2. The jet array size may be increased for thermal management of larger areas. Cooling in this system is by single-phase convection. Metal film resistance heaters have been developed for testing purposes.