gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Locked Plate Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures Using Cannulated Subchondral Support Pegs (2013)

Background In severely osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures, the biomechanics of fixed-angle fracture fixation with locked smooth pegs may be improved by using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) augmentation. Commercially available smooth pegs were modified (added a central cannula and two distal side ports) to accommodate bone cement injection around the pegs. The failure strength and stiffness of proximal humerus fracture fixation with modified pegs and PMMA augmentation was evaluated. Methods Nineteen fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri were fixated with a locked plate using: (i) smooth pegs (seven specimens), (ii) threaded pegs (six specimens) or (iii) modified smooth pegs with PMMA augmentation (six specimens). The osteotomized humeri constructs were subjected to an axial compressive load to failure at loading rate of 5 mm/minute. The maximum failure load and slope for each specimen was calculated. Results There was no difference ( p > 0.31) between the failure strength of constructs containing smooth or threaded pegs. However, the mean failure strength and stiffness of modified smooth pegs with PMMA augmentation was higher than the constructs containing either the smooth or threaded pegs. Conclusions The results obtained in the present study show that the use of PMMA augmentation along with smooth pegs may benefit humerus fracture patients with severe osteoporosis.
Evidence for Bactericidal Activity of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes without Phagocytosis (1979)

The relationship between phagocytosis and bactericidal action of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was examined by comparing the functions of cytochalasin D-treated leukocytes with those of the control. Measurement of phagocytotic and bacterial DNA-degrading activities using Escherichia coli prelabeled with [3H]thymidine revealed that phagocytosis and bacterial DNA degradation were inhibited by treatment with cytochalasin D to about 50 and 10% of the control, respectively. Nevertheless, the bactericidal activity of the cytochalasin D-treated leukocytes was almost the same as that of the control leukocytes; almost all the bacteria were phagocytized by the latter leukocytes. Under the same experimental conditions, the production and release of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, which are both known to be involved in the bactericidal action of the leukocytes, were markedly increased by cytochalasin D. Release of several lysosomal hydrolases was also increased markedly by cytochalasin D treatment, except for myeloperoxidase. However, lactate dehydrogenase, a typical cytosolic marker, was not released by the same treatment. Thus, it is unlikely that the increase in the release of the above-mentioned bactericidal factors was due to decomposition of the leukocytes. These results indicate that the site of bactericidal action of cytochalasin D-treated leukocytes is not necessarily intracellular but may be around the external surface of the cells.
Optics selection by high magnification optical micrograph in bright field inspection (2012)

Advanced bright field (BF) inspector have many functions to increase the defect signal, and suppress the background noise. However, it will take much time to fine tune an optimized BF inspection recipe. The aim of this paper is to propose a faster way to select the optimized optics.
Natural‐Product‐like Libraries Based on Non‐Aromatic, Polycyclic Motifs (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An <i>in vitro</i> model for the study of phagocytosis of damaged hepatocytes by rat Kupffer cells (1999)

Phagocytosis of damaged hepatocytes by Kupffer cells results in the production of PGI but not PGE2 or TNF.
Laser Stimulation Applied to Dynamic IC Diagnostics (2003)

Abstract Near-infrared laser stimulation techniques such as OBIRCH, TIVA, OBIC and LIVA are now commonly used to localize resistive defects from the front and backside of ICs. However, these laser stimulation techniques cannot be applied to dynamically failed ICs. Recently, two laser stimulation techniques dedicated to dynamic IC diagnostics have been proposed. These two techniques, called Resistive Interconnection Localization (RIL) and Soft Defect Localization (SDL), combine a continuous laser beam with a dynamically emulated IC. The laser stimulation effect on the circuit is monitored through the applied test pattern pass/fail status. This paper presents the methodology to move from static to dynamic laser stimulation. The application of such Dynamic Laser Stimulation (DLS) techniques is illustrated on dynamically failed microcontrollers.
Monumbral Polynomials and the Associated Formalism (2002)

We show that most of the properties of the monomial polynomials can be extended quite straightforwardly to the monumbral case. We show that the formalism underlying the Monumbrality principle allows the derivation of differential equations satisfied by large classes of polynomials ranging from Bernoulli to Laguerre type. We will finally prove the existence of generalized forms of Rodrigues formulae yielding the operational definition of differential types of conventional and generalized polynomials.
High Quality Image Processing System for ADAS (2019)

Image processing technology enables capturing high quality images and video from raw image sensors. Recently, the advent of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) present new challenges on image processing due to their requirement of concurrent visual and analytics use cases. This paper introduces the requirements arising from ADAS systems along with a proposed Imaging sub-system (ISS) to address them. The proposed ISS solution is integrated in the `TDA3' family of processors from Texas Instruments (TI). The paper delves into detail of the software and tool set provided to enable tuning for high image quality in a wide variety of illumination conditions. The paper discusses objective image quality measurement and comparison with a couple of existing solutions in market. The results clearly demonstrate the advantages of the proposed solution in terms of feature set and captured image/video quality.
Analysis of the LCDCM criterion for DS-CDMA blind multiuser detection (2003)

In this paper we will see that the linearly constrained differential constant modulus (LCDCM) cost criterion is well suited for blind multiuser detection. Unlike the linearly constrained constant modulus (LCCM) cost function, it is not dependent on desired user amplitude to ensure a single optimum point. The global minimum of the LCDCM cost function will be established by proving the Hessian matrix positive definite at the single solution where the gradient function is zero.
Fiber-optic acceleration sensor based on the photoelastic effect (1983)

A novel type of fiber-optic acceleration sensor was constructed of a photoelastic substance such as isotropic epoxy resin, DAP (diallylphthalate polymer), or LiNbO3 single crystal. By a weight placed on the upper surface of the rectangular rod of photoelastic material, stress-induced birefringence is brought about in response to vibrational acceleration. With this sensor, acceleration from 10−3 to 30 G was accurately measured in the frequency range from dc to 3 kHz.
Audio context recognition in variable mobile environments from short segments using speaker and language recognizers (2012)

The problem of context recognition from mobile audio data is con-sidered. We consider ten different audio contexts (such as car, bus, office and outdoors) prevalent in daily life situations. We choose mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) parametrization and present an extensive comparison of six different classifiers: k-nearest neighbor (kNN), vector quantization (VQ), Gaussian mixture model trained with both maximum likelihood (GMM-ML) and max-imum mutual information (GMM-MMI) criteria, GMM supervector support vector machine (GMM-SVM) and, finally, SVM with gener-alized linear discriminant sequence (GLDS-SVM). After all param-eter optimizations, GMM-MMI and and VQ classifiers perform the best with 52.01 %, and 50.34 % context identification rates, respec-tively, using 3-second data records. Our analysis reveals further that none of the six classifiers is superior to each other when class-, user-or phone-specific accuracies are considered. Index Terms — Audio context recognition, speaker and lan-guage recognition, short duration, mobile environment 1.
Hypothalamic miR-103 Protects from Hyperphagic Obesity in Mice (2014)

The role of neuronal noncoding RNAs in energy control of the body is not fully understood. The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus comprises neurons regulating food intake and body weight. Here we show that Dicer-dependent loss of microRNAs in these neurons of adult (DicerCKO) mice causes chronic overactivation of the signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and an imbalance in the levels of neuropeptides, resulting in severe hyperphagic obesity. Similarly, the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway due to Pten deletion in the adult forebrain leads to comparable weight increase. Conversely, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin normalizes obesity in mice with an inactivated Dicer1 or Pten gene. Importantly, the continuous delivery of oligonucleotides mimicking microRNAs, which are predicted to target PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway components, to the hypothalamus attenuates adiposity in DicerCKO mice. Furthermore, loss of miR-103 causes strong upregulation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in vitro and its application into the ARC of the Dicer-deficient mice both reverses upregulation of Pik3cg, the mRNA encoding the catalytic subunit p110γ of the PI3K complex, and attenuates the hyperphagic obesity. Our data demonstrate in vivo the crucial role of neuronal microRNAs in the control of energy homeostasis.
Automatic viseme clustering for audiovisual speech synthesis (2011)

A common approach in visual speech synthesis is the use of visemes as atomic units of speech. In this paper, phonemebased and viseme-based audiovisual speech synthesis techniques are compared in order to explore the balancing between data availability and an improved audiovisual coherence for synthesis optimization. A technique for automatic viseme clustering is described and it is compared to the standardized viseme set described in MPEG-4. Both objective and subjective testing indicated that a phoneme-based approach leads to better synthesis results. In addition, the test results improve when more different visemes are defined. This raises some questions on the widely applied viseme-based approach. It appears that a many-to-one phoneme-to-viseme mapping is not capable of describing all subtle details of the visual speech information. In addition, with viseme-based synthesis the perceived synthesis quality is affected by the loss of audiovisual coherence in the synthetic speech.
Trade-Offs in Sensitivity, Component Spread and Component Tolerance in Active Filter Design (2006)

Summary and ConclusionsWe show in this chapter that the sensitivity of active RC filters can be minimized by appropriate impedance mismatching in the form of impedance tapering for RC ladder networks, and potential symmetry for bridged-T and parallel-ladder (e.g. twin-T) networks. This procedure, however, invokes a design trade-off in that it automatically increases the spread between the resistors and capacitors, which is generally constrained by the technology used to manufacture these components. An acceptable trade-off, therefore, depends on the technology used, and on the circuit characteristics, in that the sensitivity to component tolerances may be reduced, while the component quality and their tolerances may actually be increased, by the component spread. The trade-off is worth considering and dealing with, however, because, within the limits of an acceptable component spread, the reduction in sensitivity and output noise of the resulting active RC filters is considerable.
Vertical seismic profiling at Borehole B-1015, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Motivation, data acquisition, data analysis, and formation velocities (1997)

The initial goal of the three-dimensional (3-D) vertical seismic profiling (VSP) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was to characterize seismic wave velocities and frequencies below the vadose zone in order to design the acquisition geometry for a high-resolution 3-D seismic reflection survey. VSPs are also used routinely to link surface seismic data with well logs. However, a test of the two-dimensional (2-D) seismic line recorded at the LLNL Livermore Site in the spring of 1994 indicated that obtaining high-quality reflection images below the vadose zone, but shallower than about 160 ft, would require an expensive, very finely sampled survey ({gt} 1-m receiver spacing). This paper presents the difficulties encountered during initial data acquisition and processing, and attempts to alleviate the difficulties in the field and laboratory.
Radical cyclization of oxime ethers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical cyclization of oxime ethersPaul A. Bartlett, Kevin L. McLaren, and Pauline C. TingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 5, 1633–1634Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00213a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00213a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views985Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Survival of entanglement in thermal states (2008)

10.1209/0295-5075/81/40006
Selective activation by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Don1 is a main determinant of Cdc42 signalling specificity in <i>Ustilago maydis</i> (2008)

The highly conserved GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac1 regulate cytokinesis, establishment of cell polarity and vesicular trafficking. In the dimorphic fungus Ustilago maydis, Rac1 is required for cell polarity and budding, while Cdc42 is essential for cell separation during cytokinesis. The same cell separation defect is also observed in mutants that lack Don1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of the Dbl family. We have generated a series of chimeric GTP-binding proteins consisting of different portions of Cdc42 and Rac1. In vivo complementation analysis revealed that a short region encompassing amino acids 41-56 determines signalling specificity. Remarkably, substitution of a single amino acid at position 56 within this specificity domain is sufficient to confer Cdc42 function to Rac1 in vivo. Expression of Rac1(W56F) in Delta cdc42 mutant cells resulted in complementation of the cell separation defect. In vitro GDP/GTP exchange assays demonstrated that the Dbl family GEF Don1 is highly specific for Cdc42 and cannot activate Rac1. However, if Rac1(W56F) is used as a substrate, Don1 is able to stimulate GDP/GTP exchange. Together these data indicate that activation by the GEF Don1 is an important determinant of Cdc42-specific signalling in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 2‐OXA‐BICYCLO(2,2,2)OCTAN (1970)

Abstract 4‐Hydroxy‐benzoesäure (I) wird zu einem Gemisch aus (II) und (III) hydriert; mit Acetanhydrid wird (II) aus dem Gemisch zum Lacton (IV) kondensiert, das mit Lithiumalanat das Diol (V) ergibt.
Sustainable Organic Synthesis Using Ionic Liquids (2018)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of solvents with specific properties and have many advantages in comparison to a classical organic solvent from the standpoint of sustainable green chemistry. Aiming to discuss the potential of ionic liquids for sustainable organic syntheses, we focused on three topics in this chapter: the first is how to use ILs for sustainable organic syntheses and review the recent trend in the use of ILs for organic syntheses, and the second is activating methods for several types of reactions using ionic liquids. The last is application of ILs for enzymatic reactions using typical lipase-catalyzed reactions as a model reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Organometallics: Vinyl, Alkynyl, Allyl, Benzyl, Propargyl and Aryl Fluorinated Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of Octadienal in the Marine Diatom <i>Skeletonema costatum</i> (2003)

[reaction: see text] Marine diatoms produce alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated aldehydes that have detrimental effects on the reproduction of their natural predators. The production of these defensive metabolites is suggested to involve enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this paper, feeding experiments with labeled precursor provide clear evidence in support of the origin of octadienals 1 and 2 from 6,9,12-hexadecatrienoic acid (5), thus proving the involvement of novel lipoxygenase/lyase activity for the oxidation of C(16) fatty acids.
A Mechanism Study of B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub><sup>-2</sup> Formation (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Mechanism Study of B10H10-2 FormationM. Frederick. Hawthorne, Richard L. Pilling, and Russell N. GrimesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 23, 5338–5339Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01077a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (287 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tables of Iminosugars, Their Biological Activities and their Potential as Therapeutic Agents (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Type 2 diabetes Antiviral activities Antibacterial activities Antiprotozoal activities Antiparasitarial activities Cancer Lysosomal diseases Immunomodulating agents Antipsoriatic agents Antifungal agents Cystic fibrosis Infertility inducing agents Chondroprotective agents Inflammatory diseases Appetite suppressing agents Nematicidal activity Insecticidal activity References
Determination of Stress Gradients in a Thermally Grown Oxide Layer Using X-Ray Diffraction (1997)

Nous proposons une methode basee sur la diffraction de rayons X et sur la theorie de l'absorption afin de determiner la distribution des contraintes au sein de films de Cr 2 O 3 croissant sur des alliages de Ni-30Cr et Ni-30Cr-0.5Y, aussi bien a temperature ambiante que durant la croissance. Les mesures in situ at 1000°C montrent que, malgre le fait que les contraintes moyennes soient plus faibles dans le cas ou l'oxyde se developpe sur Ni-30Cr-0.5Y que dans le cas ou il se developpe sur Ni-30Cr, les contraintes a l'interface oxyde/alliage sont plus importantes au contact de l'alliage a base de Y. L'addition de yttrium renforce l'interface oxyde/alliage lors des experiences a 900°C, 1000°C et 1100°C, ce qui permet a l'oxyde de supporter des contraintes residuelles beucoup plus importantes durant le refroidissement que dans le cas ou le film se developpe sur un alliage sans Y.
Ten years of vela x-ray observations (1984)

The Vela spacecraft, particularly Vela 5B, produced all‐sky X‐ray data of unprecedented length and completeness. Recent re‐analysis has put the data in the form of 10‐day skymaps covering a 7‐year period, which have led to the discovery or confirmation of a number of long‐term periodicities, and have made possible a time‐lapse movie of the X‐ray sky.
Nanobiotechnology and Nanostructured Therapeutic Delivery Systems (2012)

Pharmaceutical development and therapeutic delivery as they pertain to nanomedicine predominantly involve the use of nanometer-sized (1-100nm) structures or complexes comprised of two or more constituents whose goal is to deliver a specific therapeutic to a targeted site for localized treatment. This illustrates one of the predominant underlying paradigms in nanomedicine: increased efficacy through targeted therapeutic delivery. With the advent of nanobiotechnology the precisely targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents can be achieved through a myriad of approaches which can be delineated by the level of bio-activity beginning with the nano-scale dispersion of pharmaceuticals. The primary constituent of nano-scale medicinal complexes is the pharmaceutical itself with the other contributing as a uni-functional “vehicle” for transport; a bi-functional natural or synthetic biodegradable vesicle or “shell” for encapsulation and timed release; or multi-functional components which include surface modification of said vesicle/shells for target- specific binding and/or conjugated with a contrast or fluorescent agent for imaging and/or tracking of drug mobility. This review will focus on cutting-edge nanostructured drug delivery systems for various biomedical applications. In addition, nanobiotechnology and its role in mediating tissue regeneration will be introduced. Recent awarded patents and their role in nanotechnology and nanomedicine development will be discussed.
Lane position tracking (2002)

This paper describes a proposed low risk, low cost, electro-optical lane tracking sensor for vehicle guidance and control. The S*R sensor is capable of measuring the lateral position of the vehicle with respect to highway lane markers with a high degree of accuracy. These sensor outputs can be used to automatically guide the vehicle along the interstate highway system in both the lateral direction as well as velocity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>