gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of B50/GAP‐43 protein mRNA in rat dorsal root ganglia during cisplatin intoxication (1996)

Expression of the growth-associated protein B50 (GAP-43) mRNA in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats was studied by in situ hybridization. In response to treatment with the neurotoxic agent cisplatin, B50 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced following a cumulative cisplatin dose of 14 mg/kg. In the untreated age-matched control animals, only half of the ganglion cells exhibited expression of B50 mRNA (mean hybridization signal, 10 times background), whereas at a cumulative cisplatin dose of 14 mg cisplatin every neuron exhibited well above background expression (mean hybridization signal, 34 times background). Cotreatment with a neuroprotective ACTH4–9 analog known to prevent cisplatin neuropathy in rats did not affect the overall expression of B50 mRNA. However, in the subpopulation of large sensory neurons, B50 mRNA content was significantly higher in the group cotreated with the ACTH4–9 analog as compared with the saline-cotreated group after 14 mg/kg of cisplatin. We conclude that in analogy with the well-known upregulation of B50 mRNA following mechanical nerve lesions, treatment with the neurotoxic drug cisplatin also leads to an increase in B50 mRNA expression. This observation lends strength to the hypothesis that in neuropathies an imbalance between regenerative and degenerative mechanisms exists. The ability of the larger sensory neurons to retain an increased B50 mRNA expression better after cotreatment with the peptide than without may be related to stimulation of regenerative processes by this ACTH4–9 analog. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Does Timng of MSC Infusion Determines Optimal Immunomodulation in a Renal Transplant Model in Rat? (2014)

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness and timing of the immunomodulatory response produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a rat model of allogeneic kidney transplantation. Methods:To study the immunologic/immunosupressor effects of MSCs (donor), Lewis rats received an allogeneic kidney from Wistar rats. The infusion pattern of MSCs was determined in a previous experimental design where naïve rats were injected with 106cells and the principal cellular blood subpopulations were analyzed each 24 h.Rats were randomized into the four groups listed below and followed for 21 days. 1. NT, in which rats received infusion of PBS (n =7) 2. CsA, in which rats received a single daily dose of 5 mg/kg cyclosporine by oral gavages for 21 days (n =7) 3. MSC4, in which rats received two infusion of MSCs (106cells), Day -4 before renal transplantation and 1 hour after the surgery (n = 5) 4. MSC7, in which rats received two infusion of MSCs (106cells), Day -7 before renal transplantation and 1 hour after the surgery (n = 5). To study the principal cellular blood subpopulations and the renal function, samples were collected before the surgery, on day 7 post-transplant, and on the day of sacrifice. Results: Analyzing the three major subpopulations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood (T cells, B cells and NK cells), we observed that both MSC treatments decrease the percentage of the three lymphocyte subpopulations at 7 days post-transplantation. But the MSC7 group showed a percentage of lymphocytes similar to the CsA group. The renal function, measured by creatinine clearance, in the MSC7 group was significantly lower than the MSC4 and NT. The MSC7 group had significantly increased the survival respect to MSC4 and NT groups. Conclusions: MSC have a beneficial effect on the immune system of transplanted rats which improved graft function. However, the infusion pattern of MSCs plays a crucial role in the immune system modulation.
Electrochromism vs. the Bugs:DevelopingWO3 Thin Film Windows toControl Photoactive Biological Systems. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
I04 Magnetic transfer imaging in premanifest and manifest Huntington's disease: results from the TRACK-HD study (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) has the potential to quantify pathological changes in CNS disorders before conventional MRI sequences can detect abnormalities. This makes MTI an attractive technique to apply in both premanifest and manifest HD as an addition to volumetric measures. <h3>Aim</h3> To investigate MTI parameters and their clinical correlates in premanifest and manifest HD. <h3>Method</h3> From the TRACK-HD study, 78 participants (28 controls, 25 premanifest gene carriers and 25 manifest HD) were scanned using MTI and T1 weighted MRI. Brain regions were segmented using FSL9s automated tools FAST and FIRST on T1 images. This approach yields separate segmentations of grey matter, white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus, of which individual magnetic transfer ratio (MTR) values were calculated. Regression analysis with clinical measures of motor (UHDRS total motor score, speeded tapping, tongue force), cognitive (MMSE, SDMT, Stroop, TMT, Verbal fluency), behavioural functioning (BDI, FrSBe, PBA-s) and the disease burden was performed on gene carriers. <h3>Results</h3> MTR peak height was reduced in both grey (p<0.004) and white matter (p<0.006) in manifest HD compared with controls. Mean MTR was also reduced in grey matter (p<0.001) and showed a trend in white matter (p<0.052) in manifest HD. No differences between premanifest gene carriers and controls were found. The deep grey matter structures showed a uniform pattern of significantly reduced MTR values in manifest HD (p<0.05) but not in premanifest HD. MTR values correlated with disease burden, motor and cognitive impairment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Throughout the brain, disturbances in MTI parameters are apparent in manifest HD and are homogeneous across (subcortical) grey and white matter. The correlation of MTI with clinical features indicates the potential to act as a disease monitor in future clinical trials.
Inhibited Catalyst Activation in (N-Heterocyclic carbene)PdCl<sub>2</sub>(diethylamine) Complexes by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding (2011)

The synthesis and characterization of two new (N-heterocyclic carbene)PdCl2(diethylamine) complexes is reported. When compared to the more σ-donating triethylamine ligand, diethylamine is more tightly bound to Pd due to a rare intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with an adjacent chloride. The effect of this stronger coordination in the activation and in the activity of these complexes as precatalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is discussed.
Plasma Catecholamine Changes During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1987)

Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology, Hammersmith Hospital and Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England
Influence of the Structural and Compositional Properties of PECVD Silicon Nitride as a Passivation Layer for AlGaN HEMTs (2008)

We have investigated the influence of the structural and compositional properties of silicon nitride layers on the passivation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on sapphire substrates by assessing their continuous wave (CW) and pulsed current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. We have looked at the effect of various PECVD parameters like gas composition (SiH4/NH3 ratio and ammonia-free SiNx), process pressure, plasma power and deposition temperature. The best SiNx layer is Si-rich and has a refractive index of 2.01, an extinction coefficient of 0.03 at 3.44 eV and an optical band gap of 2.87eV. The best device performance was only achieved when the optimized SiNx layer was used in conjunction with a low-power Ar-plasma after the metallization of the ohmic contacts and cleaning using an ammonia dip just before the Schottky gate metallization. The latter treatment accounted for a substantial reduction of the gate and drain leakage currents densities from 6.7 mA/mm to 400 μA/mm.
A tool for model based diagnostics of the AGS booster (1994)

Calculate with MAD dispersions and their derivatives at these locations i rf t TI' k ).
Development of Video Image-Guided Setup (VIGS) System for Tomotherapy: Preliminary Study (2013)

At present, megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) is the only method used to correct the position of tomotherapy patients. MVCT produces extra radiation, in addition to the radiation used for treatment, and repositioning also takes up much of the total treatment time. To address these issues, we suggest the use of a video image–guided setup (VIGS) system for correcting the position of tomotherapy patients. We developed an in-house program to correct the exact position of patients using two orthogonal images obtained from two video cameras installed at 90º and fastened inside the tomotherapy gantry. The system is programmed to make automatic registration possible with the use of edge detection of the user-defined region of interest (ROI). A head-and-neck patient is then simulated using a humanoid phantom. After taking the computed tomography (CT) image, tomotherapy planning is performed. To mimic a clinical treatment course, we used an immobilization device to position the phantom on the tomotherapy couch and, using MVCT, corrected its position to match the one captured when the treatment was planned. Video images of the corrected position were used as reference images for the VIGS system. First, the position was repeatedly corrected 10 times using MVCT, and based on the saved reference video image, the patient position was then corrected 10 times using the VIGS method. Thereafter, the results of the two correction methods were compared. The results demonstrated that patient positioning using a video-imaging method (41.7±11.2 seconds) significantly reduces the overall time of the MVCT method (420±6 seconds) (p<0.05). However, there was no meaningful difference in accuracy between the two methods (x=0.11 mm, y=0.27 mm, z=0.58 mm, p>0.05). Because VIGS provides a more accurate result and reduces the required time, compared with the MVCT method, it is expected to manage the overall tomotherapy treatment process more efficiently.
Novel Biological Hydrogel: Swelling Behaviors Study in Salt Solutions with Different Ionic Valence Number (2018)

In this paper, poly γ-glutamic acid/ε-polylysine (γ-PGA/ε-PL) hydrogels were successful prepared. The γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels could be used to remove Na⁺, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and Cr<sup>3+</sup> from aqueous solution and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of hydrogels were estimated under different ionic concentration, temperature, and pH. The results showed that the ionic concentration and the pH significantly influenced the swelling capacity of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels. The swelling capacities of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels were decreased with the increase of the ionic concentration. However, the swelling capacity of the γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogel was increased with the increase of the pH. The swelling kinetics indicated that γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels presented a more limited swelling degree in metal ion solutions with higher ionic valence numbers than in ion solutions with lower ionic valence numbers. However, the swelling kinetics of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels showed that they proposed a satisfactory description in NaCl and CaCl₂ solutions. The adsorption process was fitted with a pseudo-second-order rate equation model. Moreover, the desorption kinetics of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels showed that they could release most of the adsorption ions. Considering the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ionic-sensitive properties, we propose that these γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels have high potential to be used in environmental protection, medical treatment, and other related fields.
Fasting Plasma Glucose and Serum Lipids in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism (2009)

An association between primary aldosteronism and metabolism disorders has been reported. The aim of this retrospective study was to test for this association by comparison between large cohorts of patients with primary aldosteronism and with essential hypertension. We retrieved the records of 460 cases with primary aldosteronism (103 lateralized, 150 not lateralized, and 207 undetermined) and of 1363 controls with essential hypertension individually matched for age and sex. We compared clinical history; blood pressure levels; body mass index; levels of fasting plasma glucose and serum triglycerides; total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose among subtypes of primary aldosteronism, as well as between cases with primary aldosteronism and their matched controls. Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipid levels did not differ among the 3 subtypes of primary aldosteronism. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was lower in patients with primary aldosteronism than their matched controls, but the prevalence of hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus) and blood levels of glucose and lipids did not differ between cases and controls. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative levels of either fasting plasma glucose or serum lipids in patients who underwent adrenalectomy and had follow-up data available. The analysis of this large group of patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension does not confirm a higher prevalence of carbohydrate or lipid metabolism disorders in the former. It is unlikely that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome differs significantly between patients with primary aldosteronism and those with essential hypertension.
Prasugrel reduced ischemic outcomes more than did clopidogrel in patients receiving stents for ACS (2008)

Source Citation Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive oral antiplatelet therapy for reduction of ischaemic events including stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: a subanalysis of a randomised trial. Lancet. 2008;371:1353-63. 18377975
An Optically Active Styrene Derivative and its Polymer<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Optically Active Styrene Derivative and its Polymer1C. S. Marvel and C. G. OverbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 3, 475–477Publication Date (Print):March 10, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 March 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01231a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01231a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucocorticoid Receptor α Isoform-Selective Regulation of Antiapoptotic Genes in Osteosarcoma Cells: A New Mechanism for Glucocorticoid Resistance (2011)

Glucocorticoids regulate a variety of physiological processes and are commonly used to treat disorders of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Glucocorticoid action is predominantly mediated through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α isoform. Recent data suggest that the mature GRα mRNA is translated into multiple N-terminal isoforms that have distinct biochemical properties and gene regulatory profiles. Interestingly, osteosarcoma cells stably expressing the GRα-D translational isoform are unique in that they are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether GRα isoform-specific differences in the regulation of antiapoptotic genes contribute to this resistant phenotype. We now show that GRα-D, unlike the other receptor isoforms, does not inhibit the activity of a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-responsive reporter gene and does not efficiently repress either the transcription or protein production of the antiapoptotic genes Bcl-xL, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, and survivin. The inability of GRα-D to down-regulate the expression of these genes appears to be associated with a diminished interaction between GRα-D and NF-κB that is observed in cells, but not in vitro, and likely reflects the sequestration of GRα-D in the nucleus. Deletion of the GRα N-terminal amino acids 98-335 also results in a nuclear resident GR, which fails to interact with NF-κB in cells and promote apoptosis in response to glucocorticoids. These data suggest that the N-terminal translational isoforms of GRα selectively regulate antiapoptotic genes and that the GRα-D isoform may contribute to the resistance of certain cancer cells to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.
Gene Expression Profiling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of premature death from malignant disease in western countries. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NSCLC etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics will lead to improved clinical outcomes. Recent technological advances in gene expression profiling (in particular, with cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays) allow the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of genes. In this review, the technology of global gene expression profiling is discussed, and the progress made thus far with it in NSCLC is reviewed. A new molecular classification of NSCLC has been developed, which has provided important insights into etiology and pathogenesis. Other studies have found potential biomarkers for NSCLC that may be of use in diagnosis, screening, and assessing the effectiveness of therapy. Finally, advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC progression and the molecular mechanisms of action of currently used cytotoxic drugs. This may facilitate the improvement of current therapeutics and the identification of novel targets. Taken together, these advances hold the promise of an improved understanding of the molecular biology of NSCLC and its treatment, which in turn will lead to improved outcomes for this deadly disease.
Solvent Vapor Annealing of Block Polymer Thin Films (2013)

This Perspective provides a critical analysis of the current knowledge concerning solvent vapor annealing (SVA) of block polymer thin films. Herein, we identify key challenges that will be important to overcome for future development of SVA as a practical, reliable, and universal technique for the valorization of block polymer thin films in a wide range of technologies. The Perspective includes a brief background on thin film block polymer self-assembly, a historical account of the SVA technique, an overview of the SVA fundamentals that are necessary to develop a more comprehensive picture of the overall process, and summaries of relevant and important contributions from the recent literature. We also offer our outlook on SVA and suggest important future directions.
Homology modeling and SAR analysis of Schistosoma japonicum cathepsin D (SjCD) with statin inhibitors identify a unique active site steric barrier with potential for the design of specific inhibitors (2005)

Proteases that digest the blood-meal of the parasitic fluke Schistosoma are potential targets for therapy of schistosomiasis, a disease of chronic morbidity in humans. We generated a three-dimensional model of the cathepsin D target protease of Schistosoma japonicum (SjCD) utilizing the crystal structure of human cathepsin D (huCD) in complex with pepstatin as template. A homology model was also generated for the related secreted aspartic protease 2 (SAP2) of the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans . An initial panel of seven statin inhibitors, originally designed for huCD [Majer et al., Protein Sci. 6 (1997), pp. 1458-1466], was tested against the two pathogen proteases. One inhibitor showed poor reactivity with SjCD. Examination of the SjCD active-site cleft revealed that the poor inhibition was due to a unique steric barrier situated between the S2 and S4 subsites. An in silico screen of 20 potential statin scaffolds with the SjCD model and incorporating the steric barrier constraint was performed. Four inhibitors (SJ1-SJ4) were eventually synthesized and tested with SjCD, bovine CD and SAP2. Of these, SJ2 and SJ3 proved moderately more specific for SjCD over bovine CD, with IC 50 values of 15 and 60 nM, respectively. The unique steric barrier identified here provides a structural focus for further development of more specific SjCD inhibitors.
Ferrioxamine uptake in <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>: characterization of the receptor protein FoxA (1992)

The gene for the high-affinity outer membrane ferrioxamine receptor FoxA of Yersinia enterocolitica was cloned in Escherichia coli K-12. A foxA mutant of Yersinia could be complemented by the cloned DNA fragment. The FoxA encoding region was sequenced and an open reading frame encoding 710 amino acids, including a signal sequence of 26 amino acids, was deduced. The mature FoxA protein consisted of 684 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 75,768 Da. FoxA shared 33% amino acid sequence homology with FhuA, the ferrichrome receptor of Escherichia coli. Based on the homologies with FhuA and other TonB-dependent receptors a topological model of FoxA is presented.
Feeding Deterrent Activity of Green Tea Polyphenols for Marine Herbivores. (2002)

磯やけ被害海域の再生を目的にしてアラメ・カジメなどの海洋大型藻類の組織培養が注目されている．再生した藻類幼苗の海洋生着を成功させるため，茶葉由来のポリフェノールに注目し，小型巻き貝による摂食行動の阻害を研究した．試験したポリフェノールで貝類中腸腺由来グリコシダーゼに対する阻害活性が観察され，特にその主要含有物であるエピガロカテキンガレート（EGCG）で強い阻害活性があった．グリコシダーゼのうちβ-Mannosidaseとβ-Glucosidaseでは2mg/mlのEGCG存在下で，活性が2割以下にまで低下した．実際の貝を使って大きさ9cm2のセルロース蒸着アルミシートの摂食試験を行ったところ，ポリフェノールを約200μgを含浸させたシートで顕著な摂食阻害作用が確認でき，一昼夜ではほとんど食作用を受けないことがわかった．また，ポリフェノールによる酵素活性阻害と摂食阻害作用の間に相関が見いだされた．
AMINO ACIDS: III. CYCLIC GUANIDINO ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (1956)

Several new cyclic guanidino acids have been prepared by the reaction of cyclic isothioureas with amino acids. The ethyl esters of some of these acids have been converted into dialkylaminoalkylamides by refluxing with dialkylaminoalkylamines in the presence of an inert solvent. A series of dialkylaminoethyl esters of the 2-(carboxyalkylamino)-2-imidazolines also have been prepared.
Light absorption by aquatic particles in the near‐infrared spectral region (2002)

In this study, we used a special measurement geometry with samples placed inside the integrating sphere to address whether significant absorption by aquatic particles exists in the near‐infrared (near‐IR) spectral region from about 700 to 850 nm. Our tests with inorganic dyes and MgCO3 particles showed that placing a small sample (1 cm cuvette) inside a relatively large integrating sphere (15 cm diameter) reduced the scattering error to a negligible level with no adverse effect on the absorption measurement. Our measurements of absorption by various particle suspensions suggest that absorption is generally negligible in the near‐IR regardless of the type of particles. We examined four species of phytoplankton, phytodetritus derived from phytoplankton cultures, three samples of natural assemblages of mineral particles that show distinct reddish or brownish color, and three samples of aquatic particles from coastal and inland waters that have varying proportions of organic and inorganic particles.