gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of neutrophil activation by <i>p</i>‐bromophenacyl bromide and its effects on phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (1986)

In an effort to elucidate the nature of the inhibitory effects of p ‐bromophenacyl bromide (pBPB) on neutrophil stimulation, we have examined its effects on several stages of stimulus‐response coupling. Pretreatment of rat neutrophils with pBPB resulted in a dose‐ and time‐dependent irreversible inhibition of both N‐formylmethionyl‐leucylphenylalanine (fMet‐Leu‐Phe)‐induced lysosomal enzyme release and change in transmembrane potential. Inhibition of the biological responses to the chemotactic peptide f Met‐Leu‐Phe was not due to receptor inactivation since f Met‐Leu‐[ 3 H]‐Phe binding to the formyl peptide receptor was not significantly altered by pBPB pretreatment. Inhibition by pBPB of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)‐induced changes in transmembrane potential and the generation of superoxide (0– 2 ) was also observed. pBPB treatment appeared to inhibit activation of the NADPH oxidase without a direct effect on the oxidase itself. This inhibitory effect was not accompanied by cell death or decrease in cellular titratable sulphydryl groups (at least at doses < 20 μM). There was, however, significant inhibition of a membranous fraction of f Met‐Leu‐Phe‐induced phospholipase A 2 activity by pretreatment with 10 μM pBPB, although total cellular phospholipase A 2 was only minimally (< 20% inhibition) affected. These data would indicate that pBPB inhibits an early event associated with stimulus‐response coupling in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (i.e. change in transmembrane potential). The inhibitory effects of pBPB may be secondary to the inhibition of a critical membranous fraction of cell bound phospholipase A 2 activity or its activation, necessary for the initiation of cell activation.
Acyl Carrier Protein (1969)

Abstract The enzyme, β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-ACP from acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP, has been purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli. The molecular weight, determined from equilibrium centrifugation studies, is 66,000. Amino acid analysis after performic acid oxidation indicates that it contains 8 moles of cysteic acid per mole of protein. Titration with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) after protein denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate indicates 7.2 —SH groups per mole of protein. The enzyme is inhibited by iodoacetamide when 1 mole of cysteine per mole of protein is alkylated, and acetyl-ACP protects the enzyme against alkylation. The enzyme reacts with acetylACP to form an acetyl enzyme intermediate, and the properties of this intermediate suggest that the acetyl group is bound to a cysteine residue as an acyl thioester. Acetyl enzyme is active in transferring the acetyl group either to ACP to form acetyl-ACP or to malonyl-ACP to form acetoacetyl-ACP.
High‐speed recording of full‐parallax holographic stereograms by a parallel exposure system (1996)

A full-parallax holographic stereogram, which is suitable for the holographic 3-D printer (holoprinter), is being developed for the output device of three-dimensional (3-D) image hard copies of computer data. A new optical system of the holoprinter for high-speed printing is presented. The new optical system realizes the parallel exposure of elementary holograms using an array of small lenses and reduction optics. In the experiment, 12 elementary holograms were simultaneously exposed by each exposure, and the printing speed became about 10 times faster than the previous experiments, since each exposure time was almost equivalent to the case of the conventional single exposure. The effect of the alignment error of the lens array is also described.
Oxidation of lignin model compounds using single-electron-transfer catalysts (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of lignin model compounds using single-electron-transfer catalystsRobert DiCosimo and Hsiao Chiung SzaboCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 8, 1673–1679Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00243a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1109Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (945 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: DIMERISATION VON ISOPREN DURCH PD‐DIPHOSPHIN‐KOMPLEX‐KATALYSATOREN (1973)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Phenol liefert die durch den Pd‐Komplex katalysierte Oligomerisation von Isopren (I) (Phenol‐Isopren‐Verhältnis = l :3) neben den Dimeren (II) und (VI) bis (VIII) hauptsächlich das Octatrien (III) sowie die Cyclohexene (IV) und (V).
Achieving equilibrium and local incentive compatibility for electricity markets by using redundant constraints (2010)

In the current US day-ahead electricity markets, auction is complicated because of the existence of both discrete variables and continuous variables, which implies that there may be no linear prices to support equilibrium. To meet the system demand, the Independent System Operator (ISO) uses lump sum “uplift payments” to make generators follow its schedule. However, these uplift payments are opaque and difficult to hedge in terms of price signals. In addition, there are incentives for suppliers to bid other than their true costs. Untruthful bidding is undesirable, since in this case minimizing the total bid cost does not imply minimizing the total production cost, or maximizing the social welfare. As a result, the market may not be efficient. In this paper, system-wide redundant constraints on weighted generation levels are introduced to the day-ahead energy market to achieve equilibrium. With multipliers relaxing system demand constraints and redundant constraints serving as multipart prices, equilibrium can be achieved under the general condition that the optimal primal solution is among subproblem solutions for all units. Although incentive compatibility may not be achievable, the novel “local incentive compatibility” concept is introduced and quantified as the second best alternative to incentive compatibility.
Mutagénèse aléatoire du récepteur TSH pour identifier les résidus impliqués dans le processus d'activation et de dimérisation (2010)

Les récepteurs aux hormones glycoprotéiques (rGpHs) rTSH, rFSH et rLH/CG appartiennent à la classe A des GPCRs. Les récepteurs da la classe A des GPCRs sont caractérisés par la similitude de séquence de leur domaine transmembranaire avec la rhodopsine. Outre ce domaine dit « serpentin », qu’ils partagent avec tous les GPCRs, les rGpHs offrent la particularité de présenter un grand domaine extracellulaire (ECD) responsable de la liaison et de l’affinité de leurs ligands respectifs. Les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (GPCRs) sont les cibles de 50% des médicaments actuellement sur le marché pharmaceutique. La compréhension de leur mode de fonctionnement est donc essentielle au développement de nouvelles molécules capables de cibler spécifiquement ces récepteurs. Ces dernières années, il est apparu clairement que les GPCRs étaient présent à la surface cellulaire sous forme d’oligomères. Le but de ce travail était d’explorer de manière approfondie, le mécanisme d’activation et de dimérisation du rTSH en identifiant les résidus du domaine transmembranaire des récepteurs aux hormones glycoprotéiques impliqués dans le processus d’activation et de dimérisation. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons dans premier temps généré une banque de mutants aléatoires du rTSH. Ces mutants ont ensuite été criblés par une approche HTRF pour mettre en évidence des mutants dont l’activité constitutive est augmentée ou ayant perdu la capacité de dimériser. Nous avons ainsi déterminé de nouveaux résidus importants pour le mécanisme d’activation du rTSH. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus permettent d’apporter des éléments de réponse et une base de travail sur le mécanisme d’activation. Cependant une description détaillée de l’activation reste toutefois indéterminée.
Different grain-filling rates explain grain-weight differences along the wheat ear (2018)

Thousand grain weight is one of the components determining wheat grain yield. It represents the average value of individual grain weights which depends on position within the ear and on positon within the spikelet. Our objective was to quantify the influences of individual floret anthesis date, of carpel weight at anthesis and of rate and duration of grain filling, on variation in individual final grain weight. Two bread wheat cultivars were grown in a greenhouse and their ears were sampled from anthesis through to harvest. Each ear was divided into three parts-basal, central and apical-where the two proximal grains were dissected from each of two spikelets. We analysed (i) the flowering time shift within the ear and within the spikelet; and (ii) the growth kinetics during grain filling in relation to position along the ear. For both cultivars, florets located in the central part of the ear were the first to reach anthesis followed by those in the apical part and then the basal part. Within a spikelet, the floret located nearest the rachis flowered first followed by the more distal ones. We found no significant systematic effect of flowering time-shift on final grain weight. Nevertheless, grains in the central part were heavier than the basal ones (9.75% smaller) and than the apical ones (18.25% smaller). These differences were explained mainly by differences in mean grain filling rates. Analysis of growth kinetics enabled an improved explanation of the variability of individual grain weight along the ear.
IDENTIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTIC MATRICES IN VIBRATION EQUATION (2ND REPORT, IDENTIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTIC MATRICES FROM MEASURED RESULTS) (1990)

A new method to identify the characteristic matrices from the response of the vibration system (transfer function) was proposed in an earlier report (see abstract no 90122876) and the accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by calculation using the transfer function. In this report, the characteristic matrices of a cantilever beam and a free-free bean are identified by the measured transfer function as having some experimental error. When the transfer function containing sufficient information on the vibration system is used for identification, the characteristic matrices are accurately identified from the measured results containing some error, and the accuracy of the proposed method is again confirmed. The characteristic matrices of whole structure is derived by combining the experimentally or theoretically identified characteristic matrices of two sub-structures. The transfer function calculated using combined characteristic matrices of the whole structure is a little different from the measured results. Because this difference is caused by the error in the identified characteristic matrices of the sub-structures, for the practical application of this estimating procedure the more accurate approach based on the proposed identification method must be developed.
[A study on the vascular permeability of brain tumors using dynamic CT]. (1989)

The vascular permeability of 50 brain tumors of various kinds was examined by means of dynamic CT. The degree of the vascular permeability within the tumor was evaluated according to the theoretical basis that the regression of the time-density curve after the peak to the base line became less in accord with the increase in vascular permeability. The time-density curves obtained from dynamic CT were classified into the following four types. Type 1; This type shows a similar pattern to normal brain tissue and is thought to reveal the normal vascular permeability. Type 2; this type shows intermediate pattern between type 1 and type 3. And the vascular permeability is thought to have been moderately increased. Type 3; This type shows the flattening or gradual increase in the time-density curve after forming the peak. The vascular permeability is thought to have increased markedly. Type 4; The peak of the time-density curve is lower than that of the white matter. This type of tumor is regarded to be least vascularized. All tumors except for gliomas and AVMs showed type 2 or 3 and their vascular permeability was thought to be increased. Most of the gliomas showed type 2 or 3, although some gliomas showed type 1 even in the lesion with positive contrast enhancement. In the lesions of such cases, it was thought that the vascular permeability was not affected significantly, so that blood brain barrier modification therapy by intraarterial mannitol infusion may be quite effective. All AVMs showed type 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Pore-Forming Haemolysins of Bacillus Cereus: A Review (2013)

The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group contains diverse Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal diseases and severe eye infections in humans. They have also been incriminated in a multitude of other severe, and frequently fatal, clinical infections, such as osteomyelitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, liver abscess and meningitis, particularly in immuno-compromised patients and preterm neonates. The pathogenic properties of this organism are mediated by the synergistic effects of a number of virulence products that promote intestinal cell destruction and/or resistance to the host immune system. This review focuses on the pore-forming haemolysins produced by B. cereus: haemolysin I (cereolysin O), haemolysin II, haemolysin III and haemolysin IV (CytK). Haemolysin I belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family whose best known members are listeriolysin O and perfringolysin O, produced by L. monocytogenes and C. perfringens respectively. HlyII and CytK are oligomeric ß-barrel pore-forming toxins related to the α-toxin of S. aureus or the ß-toxin of C. perfringens. The structure of haemolysin III, the least characterized haemolytic toxin from the B. cereus, group has not yet been determined.
Topical Review: MACI as an Emerging Technology for the Treatment of Talar Osteochondral Lesions (2017)

Level V, expert opinion.
Label-free detection of DNA with interdigitated micro-electrodes in a fluidic cell (2007)

We investigate the analytical performance of an interdigitated electrode sensor for the label-free detection of DNA, by monitoring the complex impedance of 5 microm wide interdigitated Pt microelectrodes on a glass substrate. We detect the hybridization of unlabeled 38-mer target ssDNA with a complementary probe that is bound on the glass in between the electrodes by a disuccinimidyl terephtalate and aminosilane immobilization procedure. The sensor is mounted in a microfluidic flow cell, in which hybridization is monitored and in situ compared with a reference. After hybridization, the cell is perfused with deionised water and the dependence of the measured conductance due to the immobilized target DNA layer, to target DNA concentrations down to 1 nM is demonstrated. Subsequently, we apply our sensor to the detection of pathogen DNA from Salmonella choleraesuis in dairy food.
Impulsive noise detection on masked carriers (2008)

Indoor powerline communications systems are widely used to provide services from the access point to every socket of any dwelling-house. Most of these services, like video or audio streaming, need to be transmitted with datarate, delay and QoS requirements. These requirements may be unsatisfied when the powerline channel is affected by interferences mainly including the wide band impulsive noise. To counter these impulses, powerline system use both error correction codes and retransmission request. The performance of these techniques may be greatly improved if the time of the impulse is precisely detected. This study presents an easy way to perform and efficient technique to carry out such a detection, based on the use of powerline masked carriers.
Stereochemistry of organic ions in the gas phase: A review (1987)

The stereochemistry of organic ions in the gas phase can be regarded from two different points of view: (i) stereoselectivity in ion formation and (ii) stereospecifity of ion fragmentations. Fast ionization by electron or photon impact shows little stereoselection. Differences in the ionization energies and cross sections between stereoisomers are generally small, save for a few exceptions. Proton or larger ion transfer, as employed in chemical ionization mass spectrometry, gives more possibilities for stereoselection. Bi- or polyfunctional molecules can capture the proton in a hydrogen-bond stabilized [M + H] + ion, which is feasible only with a favourable spatial orientation of the chelating groups. Adduct ions [M + R] + can also be formed stereoselectively. The use of a chiral ionizing medium adds a new dimension, since enantiomers can be distinguished, or even independently identified. The stereochemistry of even-electron cations in the gas-phase is most pronounced with polyfunctional species. The stereochemical behaviour is ruled by two reactivity principles, i.e. the geometry-dependent stabilization of [M + H] + ions by chelation, and the anchimeric assistance by neighbouring groups in elimination of small molecules (water, ammonia, alcohols, acetic acid, etc. ). The stereochemistry of odd-electron cations seems to be governed by three principles, i.e. the thermochemistry of decompositions proceeding with simple-bond cleavage, stereoelectronic effects on bond dissociations in the presence of a control orbital, and long-range interactions resulting in transfer of a hydrogen atom or a larger group. All these three reaction classes have limited areas of application. The stereochemistry of even-electron anions has been developing rapidly. The reactivity of gas-phase anions finds numerous analogies in their chemistry in solution, e.g. hydride transfer reactions and nucleophilic substitution. The applications of mass spectrometry to configurational assignment and structure elucidation remain restricted to selected classes of organic compounds.
Displacement Damage-Induced Electrical and Structural Effects in Gallium Arsenide Solar Cells Following Ion Irradiation (2008)

For nearly two decades, deviations between experimental data and the nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) have been observed for GaAs devices. In particular, previous data has suggested that electrical parameters associated with GaAs solar cells can follow different energy dependences with NIEL but only at the higher proton energies. In this paper, displacement damage-induced electrical and structural effects in GaAs solar cells were monitored before and after irradiation with various ions. The radiation-induced defects responsible for causing electrical changes were characterized using illuminated current-voltage, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and electron beam induced current (EBIC) while the structural changes were monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The EBIC images showed the existence of radiation-induced active recombination volumes or defect clusters after irradiation with high energy protons (E ? 10 MeV) and 22 MeV silicon ions, which were not produced by lower energy protons. The TEM images revealed strain related defects that correspond to the same irradiation conditions for which the defect clusters were observed, and therefore, the defects in the TEM images are associated with those observed in the EBIC images. These defects were not observed prior to irradiation so the lattice strain in the material is definitely associated with irradiation-induced lattice defects. HRTEM imaging has shown that the disordered regions are not amorphous but probably most likely a cluster of vacancies and a surrounding region rich in interstitials, which is produced when a large number of neighboring atoms are displaced in collision cascades known as the displacement spike. The formation of the U-band defect as determined by DLTS seems to evolve under the same irradiation conditions as the defects in the images. This very broad U-band peak is consistent with what would be expected from defect clusters. From analyses of the recoil spectra, high energy recoils appear to be responsible for the formation of these disordered regions and these regions are independent of the total displacement damage energy deposited. This study has shown that NIEL scaling is only violated for incident ion energies when the defect clusters are observed.
Optical parametric amplification of a distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser in orientation-patterned GaAs (2010)

We demonstrate what is to our knowledge the first realization of an optical parametric amplifier in orientation-patterned GaAs amplifying the emission of a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) with a distributed-feedback (DFB) structure. We report a gain as high as 53 dB at 4.5 mum, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The narrow spectral linewidth and the good beam quality of this source are imposed by the DFB-QCL, while high-peak-power emission is achieved through the parametric amplification. These characteristics are of valuable interest for long-range spectroscopy.
Funding Undergraduate Neuroscience Education: CCLI Yesterday and Today. (2006)

For over 20 years, the Division of Undergraduate Education (DUE) at the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been supporting undergraduate curricula in the sciences, including neuroscience. NSF's priorities in undergraduate education, however, have evolved during that period, and the competition for grants has increased. This history and overview of the current Course, Curriculum and Laboratory Improvement program (CCLI) illustrates the changing philosophy of DUE with regard to its curricular programs. It is hoped that understanding the current emphasis on assessing the outcomes of curricular changes and disseminating their results will help interested science faculty write better proposals and compete more effectively for funds.