gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HIGH COPPER AMALGAM AND GLASS IONOMER-SILVER CEMENT (1990)

This study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect in vitro and the tissue response within the rat peritoneal cavity to high copper amalgam and glass ionomer-silver cement, suggested for use as a retrograde endodontic filling material. In the cytotoxicity experiment, the radioactively () labeled L929 mouse fibroblasts were employed to determine the relative cytotoxicity of two experimental materials. Those materials were evaluated immediately after set and after one and seven days setting. In the tissue response experiment, two experimental materials were to evaluate mean peritoneal cellular count, differential cell count and the content of silver and copper in pooled packed cells and eluate samples taken by peritoneal lavage technique, and compared with surgical control after one day. two, four and six weeks of implantation. The results were as following: 1. High copper amalgam exhibited significant cytotoxicity immediately after set but showed no sign of toxicity after one day and seven days setting materials. 2. Glass ionomer-silver cement showed no sign of toxicity immediately after set and after one day and seven days setting. 3. High copper amalgam and glass ionomer-silver cement groups produce no significant difference in the mean peritoneal cell count when compared with the surgical control group after one day, two and four weeks of implantation. Surgical control group exhibited significantly a greater cell count when compared with the High copper amalgam group after six weeks. 4. High copper amalgam group increased significantly in the percentage macrophages after four and six weeks of implantation when compared with surgical control group. 5. The trace metal analysis involved an increased silver content in the elutes and an increased copper content in the packed cells of high copper amalgam group, and an increased silver content in the packed cells and elutes of glass ionomer-silver cement group.
Barley for Food and Health : Science, Technology, and Products (2008)

Preface. 1. Barley History: Relationship of Humans and Barley Through the Ages. Introduction. Domestication and Use of Barley for Food. Summary. 2. Barley: Taxonomy, Morphology, and Anatomy. Introduction. Taxonomy. Morphology and Anatomy. Summary. 3. Barley Biotechnology: Breeding and Transgenics. Introduction. Improving the Barley Crop. Barley Transgenics. Summary. 4. Barley: Genetics and Nutrient Composition. Introduction. Genetics and Nutrient Composition. Genetics and Physical Characteristics. Summary. 5. Barley Processing: Methods and Product Composition. Introduction. Whole-Grain Processing. Secondary Processing. Separation Techniques. Special and Miscellaneous Processes. Summary. 6. Evaluation of Food Product Quality. Introduction. Objective Evaluation. Sensory Evaluation. Summary. 7. Barley Food Product Research and Development. Introduction. Health Claims for Barley. Barley as a Functional Food. BETA-Glucan: The Challenge of Barley as Food. Yeast Breads Made with Barley Flour. Flatbreads Made with Barley Flour. Chemically Leavened Baked Products Made with Barley Flour. Pasta Made with Barley Flour. Barley Brewers' and Distillers' Grains Used in Foods. Pearled and Other Forms of Barley. Malted Barley Products in Foods. Miscellaneous Barley Products. Summary. 8. Health Benefits of Barley Foods. Introduction. Barley and Heart Disease. Glycemic Response to Carbohydrate Consumption. Beneficial Effects of Resistant Starch in Barley on the Intestinal Tract. Summary. 9. Current Status of Global Barley Production and Utilization. Barley Production. Barley Utilization. Outlook for Barley Food. 10. Barley Foods: Selected Traditional Barley Recipes. Introduction. Middle East. Eastern Europe. East Africa: Ethiopia. Scandinavia. Northeastern Europe: Finland. Great Britain. Asia. Summary. Appendix 1. Glossary: Botany and Plants. Appendix 2: Glossary: Food and Nutrition. Appendix 3: Glossary: Barley Terms. Appendix 4: Equivalent Weights and Measures. Appendix 5: Sources of Barley and Barley Products. Appendix 6: Barley Resource Organizations. Index.
Dimethyl sulfoxide-acetic anhydride oxidative rearrangements of hydroxyterphenylquinones. Possible biosynthetic model (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimethyl sulfoxide-acetic anhydride oxidative rearrangements of hydroxyterphenylquinones. Possible biosynthetic modelRonald J. Wikholm and Harold W. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 17, 6152–6158Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00772a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00772a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views633Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reaction of Maleic Anhydride with cis‐Isolated Unsaturated Fatty Acid Esters (1969)

Abstract The structures of maleic anhydride adducts of essentially pure oleic, linoleic and linolenic methyl esters have been determined. The cleavage of the methyl oleate adduct yields a product with a succinyl structure, with or without shift of the double bond; four isomeric structures are possible. The first adduct of maleic anhydride with methyl linoleate is a succinyl derivative followed by a shift into the conjugated isomer with which the second maleic anhydride reacts via a 1–4 Diels Alder addition to yield a second adduct having a cyclohexene structure. The first two moles of maleic anhydride add to methyl linolenate to form di‐succinyl derivatives followed by a shift into conjugated diene and triene. The third maleic anhydride adds via a 1–4 addition to yield a disuccinyl and one 1–4 adduct. A number of isomers are possible for the linoleate and linolenate adduct.
Fault-tolerant processor arrays using space and time redundancy (2002)

Spare processors in a processor array are usually idle in normal operation. They are used only after a fault is detected through periodic or on-line diagnosis and the processor array is reconfigured to include them. In this paper we propose a design methodology in which the spare processors are used to aid with a data-driven error detection scheme. Our method consists of attaching tags to data streams, thereby allowing the data items to carry their own control information. A checking processor changes the tags when it detects a disagreement among replicated computation results. The faulty processor can then be located by error information derived from two distinct data streams. We incorporate the techniques using space and time redundancy into a fault-tolerant processor array that can provide different levels of fault tolerance according to the availability of fault-free processors. The scheme is also flexible in that it can trade error detection capability for added computational throughput.
Neurofibromatosis and early onset of cancers in hMLH1-deficient children. (1999)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer is a common hereditary disorder caused by the germ-line mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, especially hMLH1 and hMSH2. We report here the first identification of human compounds with a homozygous inactivation of a MMR gene. In a typical hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer family, MMR-deficient children conceived from matings between heterozygotes for a hMLH1 deleterious mutation exhibited clinical features of de novo neurofibromatosis type I and early onset of extracolonic cancers. This observation demonstrates that MMR deficiency is compatible with human development but may lead to mutations during embryogenesis. On the basis of clinical symptoms observed in MMR-deficient children, we speculate that the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene is a preferential target for such alterations.
Managing chronic hepatitis C in relapsers and non-responders. (2008)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a challenge for a growing number of infected patients who exhibit disease complications, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Treatment with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin improves hepatic markers and eradicates the virus in about 50% of patients; however, a significant number of patients do not respond to therapy or relapse following treatment discontinuation. Several viral, hepatic, and patient-related factors influence response to IFN therapy; many of these factors cannot be modified to improve long-term outcomes. Identifying risk factors and measuring viral load early in the treatment can help to predict response to IFN therapy and determine the need to modify or discontinue treatment. Treatment options for complicated cases of chronic HCV infection are limited. Retreatment with peg-IFN has been successful in some patients who exhibit an inadequate response to conventional IFN treatment, particularly those who have relapsed. Consensus IFN, another option in treatment-resistant patients, has demonstrated efficacy in the retreatment of non-responders and relapsers. Although optimal duration of retreatment and benefits and safety of maintenance therapy have not been determined, an extended duration is likely needed. Anti protease inhibitor drugs, the new frontier of HCV treatment, are now searched as the future answer in the treatment of difficult patients. Unfortunately the results are still confined in a preliminary phase. This article reviews risk factors for HCV treatment resistance and discusses assessment and management of difficult-to-treat patients such as non responders or relapsers to previous treatment.
Biochemistry, Iron Absorption (2019)

Iron is an essential element of various metabolic processes in humans, including DNA synthesis, electron transport, and oxygen transport. Unlike other minerals, iron levels in the human body are controlled only by absorption. The mechanism of iron excretion is an unregulated process arrived at through loss in sweat, menstruation, shedding of hair and skin cells, and rapid turnover and excretion of enterocytes. In the human body, iron exists mainly in erythrocytes as the heme compound hemoglobin (approximately 2 g of iron in men and 1.5 g in women), to a lesser extent in storage compounds (ferritin and hemosiderin) and in muscle cells as myoglobin. Iron is also found bound to proteins (hemoprotein) and non-heme enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and the transfer of electrons (cytochromes and catalase).Additionally, approximately 2.2% of total body iron is found in the so-called labile pool, a poorly defined and reactive pool of iron that forms reactive oxygen species via the Fenton Reaction, which forms complexes with a drug class known as chelators. Iron chelators treat iron overload, a condition often caused by transfusion therapies used to treat thalassemias and other anemias.
Analysis of stage and clinical/prognostic factors for colon and rectal cancer from SEER registries: AJCC and collaborative stage data collection system (2014)

Adoption of the AJCC 7th edition by the SEER program provides an assessment tool for staging and SSFs on clinical outcomes. This evidence can be used for education and improved treatment for colorectal carcinomas.
Resonant slots with independent control of amplitude and phase (1960)

The design of slot arrays requiring nonuniform phase distributions, such as those having shaped beam radiation patterns, are facilitated by the development of slots having independent amplitude and phase control. A slot (which is inclined and displaced) on the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide makes it possible to control the coupling characteristics over a range in phase from zero to 2\pi and over a range in magnitude from zero to unity. The voltage across the slot as a function of its orientation is found and is related to the coupling parameters used in common array design. An experimental procedure for independently verifying the amplitude and phase characteristics is described. A typical complex slot array design is made and radiation patterns are included demonstrating the accuracy and usefulness of the design procedure.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Morbidity and Mortality in a Community Teaching Institution (1993)

From November 1989 to December 1990, 474 elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed. This study analyzes the first year's experience with regard to complications, postoperative response in terms of pain and nausea, and time back to activity and work. There were 369 females and 105 males in the group. The average age was 51.5 years. Of these, 394 were discharged within 23 h and 80 required admission postoperatively. Of the group requiring hospitalization, there were 10 (2.1%) major complications, 37 (7.8%) minor complications, 14 (3.0%) aborted laparoscopic cholecystectomies, and 19 (4.0%) others. Major complications occurred early in the surgeon's experience, all but two within the surgeons' first 25 cases. Patients in the short stay group were followed-up with a phone questionnaire. In this group, most patients experienced minimal abdominal pain following surgery, with an average score of 2.4 (SD = 1.38) on a scale of 1 (absent) to 5 (extreme). At home, 48.6% of patients experienced some form of postoperative discomfort. Of these, 38.2% experienced abdominal pain, 18.7% shoulder pain, and 32.7% nausea. The average postoperative time to resume normal daily activity was 7.9 days (SD = 8.2) and to return to work was 11.6 days (SD = 9.9).
Mandatory Management Forecast Errors as a Variable to Earnings Manipulation, with a 20% Hurdle Set by TAIEX Regulators (1999)

This study explores whether firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange manipulate their mandatory management forecast errors(FE's) for fear of regulators' stop orders for the pending debt/equity offerings. We also examine the extent to which the 20% hurdle for FE's affect s the significance of these FE's in explaining the magnitude of companiesf earnings management. Our empirical results support the notion of strategic manipulation. First, in our full, optimistic and pessimistic sample firms, companies' discretionary current accrual components (DCAfs) in reported earnings are all significantly positive. Second, greater (less) DCA's appear to follow firms' optimistic (pessimistic) forecasts. Third, firms with negative (positive) pre-manipulation FE's appear to boost their security gains (losses). Consistently, DCAfs for firms with percentage FE's immediately below 20% are significantly greater as opposed to those of the observations substantially beyond or below the hurdle.

Key words:mandatory management forecasts, 20% hurdle rate, pre-manipulation forecast errors, discretionary current accruals, security gains and losses.
The Development of Dual Channel Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement System (2006)

this paper is one of a series of studies about the measurement and study of pulse wave velocity,and introduces the design of the pulse wave velocity measurement system with dual channel photoelectricity sensor.The thesis analyses the particular project to solve the key technical problems,including how to make the photoelectricity sensor,the choice of the measurement point,the method to calculate the transfer time of the pulse wave velocity and how to deal with the interference on it.This system is proved to be used easily,precise,stabile,small in size,low-cost and low in consump,it is a power tool for the pulse wave velocity measurement and study.
Interaction between free radicals and excitatory amino acids in the formation of ischemic brain edema in rats. (1991)

Both oxygen free radicals and excitatory amino acids have been implicated as important cellular toxins in ischemic brain. Recent in vitro studies suggest that there may be a mutual interaction between these two mediators. We explored the relation between oxygen free radicals and excitatory amino acids in the development of ischemic brain edema in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the free radical scavenger dimethylthiourea 1 hour before ischemia or with the excitotoxin antagonist MK-801 30 minutes before ischemia produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Groups of seven or eight animals were treated with vehicle, low-dose (375 mg/kg) dimethylthiourea, high-dose (750 mg/kg) dimethylthiourea, low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) MK-801, high-dose (2.0 mg/kg) MK-801, or both high-dose dimethylthiourea and low-dose MK-801. After 4 hours of ischemia, brain water content was determined. In eight vehicle-treated controls, mean +/- SEM water content of tissue in the center of the ischemic zone was 83.29 +/- 0.18%. A significant reduction of brain edema was observed in all drug-treated groups: for example, 50.2% (p less than 0.001) in the high-dose dimethylthiourea group, 53.7% (p less than 0.001) in the low-dose MK-801 group, and 66.4% (p less than 0.001) in the combined dimethylthiourea and MK-801 group. Combined treatment with dimethylthiourea and MK-801 provided no significant additive effect over that resulting from treatment with MK-801 alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the uniformity of amorphous metal ribbon formed by a cylindrical jet impinging on a flat moving substrate (1978)

The process of making amorphous ribbon by impinging a liquid jet on a substrate to form a steady-state puddle from which the ribbon is drawn out by the moving substrate is examined. It is shown that lateral variations in the thickness of the ribbon across its width at any particular ribbon section are directly related to the puddle shape at an instant of time. Longitudinal dimensional variations in the thickness or width of the ribbon along its length indicate an unstable puddle whose shape varied with time. These longitudinal dimensional variations can be minimized by using nozzle geometries, jet velocities, and puddle sizes that induce uniformity and steadiness in the fluid flow. Various means to achieve such uniformity are suggested.
Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α modulates VLA-4 integrin-mediated multiple myeloma cell adhesion to CS-1/fibronectin and VCAM-1 (2001)

The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) and its G-protein-linked receptor CXCR4 are involved in hematopoietic progenitor cell and lymphocyte migration. The integrin VLA-4 is a cell adhesion receptor for CS-1/fibronectin and VCAM-1 and constitutes one of the main adhesion receptors mediating myeloma cell adhesion to bone marrow (BM) stroma in multiple myeloma (MM). It is shown here that MM CD38(hi)CD45RA(-) BM cells and myeloma-derived cell lines expressed CXCR4 and displayed a moderate chemotactic response to SDF-1alpha. Because cell migration in response to SDF-1alpha might require a dynamic regulation of integrin function, it was investigated whether SDF-1alpha can modulate VLA-4 function on myeloma cells. SDF-1alpha rapidly and transiently up-regulated VLA-4-mediated myeloma cell adhesion to both CS-1/fibronectin and VCAM-1, which was inhibited by pertussis toxin and cytochalasin D, indicating the involvement of G(i) protein downstream signaling and an intact cytoskeleton. Modulation of VLA-4-dependent myeloma cell adhesion by SDF-1alpha could contribute to the trafficking and localization of these cells in the BM microenvironment.
<i>Thermomyces lanuginosus</i> lipase catalyzed transesterification of sterols by methyl oleate (2003)

Abstract Plant steryl and stanyl esters are effective in lowering plasma cholesterol concentration by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol from small intestine. They are, therefore, used as constituents of special margarines, which are commercially available as functional foods with the ability to reduce blood cholesterol levels. An enzymatic method has been developed for the preparation of oleic acid esters of sterols and stanols in high yield by transesterification of methyl oleate with the 3‐hydroxy group in vacuo (20‐40 hPa) at moderate temperature (80 °C) using immobilized lipase preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM®) as biocatalyst. Neither an organic solvent nor a drying agent are required. Cholesterol and stanols such as 5α‐cholestanol and sitostanol have been converted at similar rates and in near‐quantitative yields (>95%) to the corresponding oleic acid esters.
An In Vitro Study of LH Release, Synthesis and Heterogeneity in Pituitaries from Proestrous and Short-term Ovariectomized Rats1 (1986)

and acidic LH may be related to the sialic acid content of the LH molecule.
The Promoter Effect of Platinic Chloride on Raney Nickel. II. Effect of Alkali on Various Groups (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Promoter Effect of Platinic Chloride on Raney Nickel. II. Effect of Alkali on Various GroupsJulian R. Reasenberg, Eugene. Lieber, and G. B. L. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 2, 384–387Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01871a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01871a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The convergence properties of a clipped Hopfield network and its application in the design of keystream generator (2001)

We first present a modified Hopfield network, the clipped Hopfield network, with synaptic weights assigned to three values {-1,0,+1}. We give the necessary conditions under which a set of 2n binary vectors can be stored as stable points of the network. We show that in the parallel updating mode, for most of the state vectors, the network will always converge to these 2n stable points. We further demonstrate that these 2n stable points can be divided into two groups, the alpha group and the beta group, each with n stable points. It is shown that the basins of attraction of the stable points in the alpha group are evenly distributed, and the basins of attraction of the stable points in the beta group are also evenly distributed. By ways of application, we show that this class of Hopfield network can be used to build a cryptographically secure keystream generator.