gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The research and development of a fully automated daily short-term ionospheric forecasting service (1991)

A fully automated system producing short-term ionospheric forecasts has been developed at GEC-Marconi Research Centre (MRC). The computer algorithms use geophysical and radiowave propagation data available in the European sector. MRC produce a daily forecast of ionospheric and HF radiowave propagation conditions which is distributed to HF users. Customers receive the service via telex or facsimile or via a bulletin board facility. The bulletin board, accessible using a PC and modem connected to a telephone line, has over 40 pages of solar, magnetic and ionospheric data in addition to the daily forecast. A weekday forecast message is recorded onto an answerphone to enable users to dial-up the latest forecasts. The authors present the user requirements, information used by MRC in the forecast computation, details of the forecast message and its methods of distribution. The future objectives of the service are also described. >
NMR chemical shift perturbation mapping of dna binding by a zinc‐finger domain from the yeast transcription factor ADR1 (1997)

Mutagenesis studies have revealed that the minimal DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor ADR1 consists of two Cys2-His2 zinc fingers plus an additional 20 residues proximal and N-terminal to the fingers. We have assigned NMR 1H, 15N, and 13C chemical shifts for the entire minimal DNA-binding domain of ADR1 both free and bound to specific DNA. 1H chemical shift values suggest little structural difference between the zinc fingers in this construct and in single-finger constructs, and 13C alpha chemical shift index analysis indicates little change in finger structure upon DNA binding. 1H chemical shift perturbations upon DNA binding are observed, however, and these are mapped to define the protein-DNA interface. The two zinc fingers appear to bind DNA with different orientations, as the entire helix of finger 1 is perturbed, while only the extreme N-terminus of the finger 2 helix is affected. Furthermore, residues N-terminal to the first finger undergo large chemical shift changes upon DNA binding suggesting a role at the protein-DNA interface. A striking correspondence is observed between the protein-DNA interface mapped by chemical shift changes and that previously mapped by mutagenesis.
Prognose von Spurrinnenausbildungen in Asphaltbefestigungen (1999)

Die Spurrinnenausbildung in Asphaltbefestigungen stellt im oesterreichischen Bundesstrassennetz die haeufigste Ursache fuer notwendige Instandhaltungsmassnahmen von Strassenaufbauten dar. Einer Optimierung der Verformungsstabilitaet des bituminoesen Aufbaues im Rahmen der asphalttechnologischen Forschung im Zusammenwirken mit entsprechenden theoretischen Modellen zur Spurrinnenprognose kommt daher besondere Bedeutung zu. Im gegenstaendlichen Forschungsvorhaben werden zunaechst die moeglichen Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Spurrinnen in Strassenbefestigungen analysiert. Davon ausgehend wird der Stand der Forschung hinsichtlich der Beschreibung und materialtechnischen Erfassung von bemessungsrelevanten Kenngroessen fuer bituminoese Baustoffe zusammengefasst. Besondere Beruecksichtigung finden dabei neueste Erkenntnisse zur verhaltensorientierten Beschreibung der Materialkenngroessen von Asphalten mit Hilfe von rheologischen Modellen. Anschliessend werden ausgewaehlte empirische und theoretische Modelle zur Prognose von Spurrinnenausbildungen in Asphaltbefestigungen diskutiert und im Hinblick auf die praxisrelevante Verfuegbarkeit der in diesen Modellen benoetigten Eingangsgroessen evaluiert. Aus den Erkenntnissen der Bewertung von bestehenden Ansaetzen wird ein eigenes Prognosemodell entwickelt, das auf dem Prinzip der Integration der Einsenkungen in einem elastisch, isotropen Mehrschichtensystem mit einer quasi-viskoplatischen Modellerweiterung beruht. Grundlage des Modells ist die Annahme, dass das Verformungsverhalten im Zuge der Belastung des Strassenkoerpers durch eine elastoplastische Verformung bei der Belastung und eine elastische Rueckformung im Zuge der Entlastung beschrieben werden kann. Neue Ansaetze werden hinsichtlich der gewaehlten Versteifungsfunktion der Befestigung mit zunehmender Anzahl an Lastwechseln praesentiert. Das Modell erlaubt eine realistische Simulation der Belastungsverhaeltnisse des Strassenaufbaues durch den Schwerverkehr ebenso wie die Beruecksichtigung klimatischer Einfluesse und materialtechnologischer Kenngroessen. Die Spurrinnenentwicklung in einer Radspur wird im Querprofil fuer alle betrachteten Schichten des Oberbaues dargestellt. Erste Simulationsrechnungen zeigen ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf eine wirklichkeitsnahe Abschaetzung des qualitativen Verlaufes der Spurrinnenausbildung.
Staying in Tune (2008)

When performing daily life activities, appropriate sensory-motor transformations are required to successfully map the changing relationships among one's self, the environment, and objects moving in the environment. Our daily actions involve varying combinations of head-eye (gaze), arm-reaching, and whole-body (stepping and walking) movements. These movements depend on the interaction and transformation of both egocentric (self to object) and allocentric (object to object) representations of the environment [1], [2]. To successfully map these representations, appropriate sensory-motor transformations are required [1], [3], [4]. For visually guided movements, the primary motor cortex and its interactions with the visual cortex, mainly through the dorsal stream [5], [6], are largely responsible for mapping the sensory-motor actions [7], [8]. Many uncontrollable factors can contribute to the degradation of our balance system; hence, it is important to maintain or retrain our sensorymotor system.
Carpet of magnetic colours (2007)

᭣ Fig. 1: Magnetic Carpet; A two dimensional colour map of the magnetic configuration in a 10 nm -thick cobalt film with an array of 10 by 10 square holes (size= separation=500 nm).Lines of colour corresponding to chains of magnetic domains can be seen: running vertically (magnetic moments pointing upwards -green/yellow, or downwardsblue/pink); or horizontally (magnetic moments pointing to the left -dark blue/light blue/green, or to the right -pink/red/yellow).C OULD Néel have anticipated in 1944 that his prediction of how magnetic domains form around a cavity [1] would provide inspiration in the nanoworld to use sub-micrometer holes to engineer the properties of magnetic thin films?When Williams experimentally observed magnetic domains under an optical microscope in 1947 [1], could he have imagined the tiny length scales at which we image and identify complex magnetic structures today?The pace of development in lithography methods and imaging techniques in recent years is breathtaking, yielding new scientific discoveries and miniature devices.The opportunity to significantly reduce the lateral dimensions of thin films has led to a revolution in the area of magnetic materials, with nanoscale magnetic elements and their interaction with electric current providing novel sensor and data storage applications.In order to be able to make useful devices, we need to understand how the individual magnetic components function and, while one can perform macroscopic electrical or magnetic measurements, it is important to directly observe at the nanoscale how the magnetic moments behave.Domains in ferromagnetic materials are regions where the magnetic moments are aligned parallel to each other.They are separated by domain walls; a region where the moments rotate from one domain orientation to the other, reminiscent of the grain boundaries separating grains with different crystal orientations in a polycrystalline material.In the mid-20 th century, Néel and Williams predicted and showed that in the presence of a cavity, the magnetic moments align parallel to the cavity edges.This reduces the magnetic field emanating from the walls of the cavity, so minimising the energy of the magnetic system and resulting in a modification of the magnetic domain patterns.Using modern lithography techniques we can now produce Néel's cavities with nanoscale dimensions in ferromagnetic thin films.Arranged very precisely in a regular pattern, these so-called antidot arrays have new and fascinating properties at reduced dimensions.At the Laboratory for Micro-and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut we have fabricated antidot arrays using electron beam lithography to create a square array of holes in a cobalt thin film with periods down to 100 nm.We directly observed the magnetic configurations [2] employing photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) using synchrotron radiation at the Swiss Light Source which provides magnetic information at high spatial resolution.With these observations we were able to determine how these antidot arrays influence the
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bis(1‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐tetrazolyl)dichloromethane with Trialkyl Phosphites. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phosphatidylinositol Hydrolysis and an Increase in Ca<sup>2+</sup>Concentration in the Signal‐Transduction Process Triggered by Murine FcγRIII are not Required for Protein Kinase C Translocation (1995)

Murine class III receptors for IgG (mFc gamma RIII) are composed of an IgG-binding alpha chain associated with a gamma subunit dimer. These receptors have been shown to trigger the release of serotonin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [Daëron, M., Latour, S., Hückel, C., Bonnerot, C. & Fridman, W. H. (1992) Immunobiology 185, 159-174], and are involved in endocytosis and phagocytosis [Daëron, M., Malbec, O., Bonnerot, C., Latour, S., Segal, D. M. & Fridman, W. H. (1994) J. Immunol. 152, 783-792]. Using a transfection model where the cDNA encoding mFc gamma RIII was stably transfected into the rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3, we found that the functional efficiency of mFc gamma RIII is correlated with its ability to increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and to stimulate inositol phosphate metabolism. The deletion of intracellular sequences of the alpha subunit did not alter the ability of mFc gamma RIII to trigger the Ca2+ and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] response. After substitution of the intracellular domain of mFc gamma RIII for that of mFc gamma RIII gamma, but not that of mFc gamma RIII alpha, the chimeric receptor was also able to trigger Ca2+ and PtdIns(4.5)P2 responses. In contrast, all transfected receptors induced protein kinase C translocation. Furthermore, dimerization of the receptor was sufficient for the initiation of this protein kinase C translocation while a further crosslinking was necessary for the induction of the Ca2+ and PtdIns(4,5)P2 responses. Protein kinase C translocation therefore can be dissociated from Ca2+ mobilization, PtdIns(4,5)P2 turnover and mast cell secretory responses induced by murine Fc gamma RIII.
Proton Magnetic Resonance and Hindered Rotation in Phosphonium Halides and Ammonium Iodide (1968)

Proton spin–lattice relaxation times T1 and second moments have been measured as a function of temperature for the phosphonium halides and ammonium iodide. Correlation times τc derived from the relaxation data were used to obtain activation energies for the reorientation of the phosphonium and ammonium ions. The activation energies for PH4Cl, PH4Br, and PH4I are (35 ± 1) × 103, (29.4 ± 0.6) × 103, and (30.7 ± 0.8) × 103 J/mole, (8.3 ± 0.2, 7.1 ± 0.1, 7.3 ± 0.2 kcal/mole), respectively, indicating little change in barrier with halide ion. The frequency factors, however, do appear to vary significantly from crystal to crystal. These results are in marked contrast with previous results for the ammonium halides and suggest that nonelectrostatic repulsive forces are important in the phosphonium salts. The activation energy for NH4+ ion reorientation in the tetragonal phase (Phase III) of NH4I is found to be (13.4 ± 0.4) × 103 J/mole (3.2 ± 0.1 kcal/mole). The present results are compared with previous spectroscopic and structural results.
Initial results with a point projection microscope (2001)

Conventional scanning electron microscopes are now close to the limit of their performance for tasks such as the metrology of sub-micron design rule devices. In order to overcome these limits we are investigating the use of in-line electron holography for device metrology. The in-line holograms are formed in a point projection microscope using ultra-low energy electrons (50-250eV) emitted from a nano-tip electron source. Holograms in the transmission mode and in the reflection mode of the microscope as well are possible. Since these in-line holograms are equivalent to out of focus micrographs acquired in a transmission electron microscope with a field emission gun we can reconstruct the original wave front by means of Fourier optics. The resolution of the point projection microscope is given by the sharpness of the emitter. We investigate the electric potential of the emitter using off-axis electron holography in a transmission electron microscope and compare the results to simulations obtained by solving the appropriate Laplace equation.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of boron suboxide thin films (2002)

Boron suboxide thin films have been deposited on Si(100) and graphite substrates by reactive rf magnetron sputtering of a sintered B target in an Ar/O2 atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were applied to study the influence of the O2 partial pressure on the film composition and microstructure. BOx thin films with x=[0.02–0.21] and a C impurity of approximately 0.3 at. % were formed by varying the O2 partial pressure from 7.2×10−7 to 3.3×10−2 Pa. All films were amorphous and the films with x⩾0.15 contained boric acid on the surface due to a probable chemical reaction with water in laboratory atmosphere. Mechanical properties were evaluated by nanoindentation. As x was increased from 0.02 to 0.21, the elastic modulus decreased from 272 to 109 GPa. The change in the elastic modulus was attributed to the O concentration variations.
Control-based synthesis and tracking of grasping points (2014)

We synthesize grasping points for planar grasps. We formulate and solve the problem from control theory point of view. Designed control law moves initial arbitrary contact points smoothly from a non force-closure configuration to a closest force-closure one. Control law is independent from the friction coefficient, and it is robust to small changes in shape and pose of the object, and it can track a force closure configuration on the object when the object moves and deforms. Final control error yields a quantitative measure for the solution. We also impose unilateral constraints to the control law to eliminate solutions which are not feasible for the hand. We finally show how to synchronize synthesis of grasping points and the reaching motion of the arm-hand manipulator for grasping. This melts the computation time of the synthesis of grasping points in the reaching motion of the manipulator. We validated the proposed approach on real images of the objects.
Incorporating circuit-level information into the retiming process (2000)

The advances in CMOS technology over the past decades have created the need for the design of extremely complex Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Integrated Circuits (IC)s. The simultaneous progress in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools enable large design teams to work independently on sophisticated VLSI projects. The pipelining process is widely utilized in VLSI ICs as a performance enhancement tool. Efficient automated pipelining algorithms have been developed to permit the application of pipelining to large integrated circuits. The emerging technique of retiming, on the other hand, has not found its way into the VLSI circuit design process due to complex and non-practical algorithms. Therefore, algorithms and/or methodologies to help achieve retiming with simpler and practical algorithms can significantly improve the acceptance of retiming techniques in standard VLSI design methodologies. 
A retiming methodology is presented in this dissertation to model low-level circuit characteristics in VLSI ICs. This objective is achieved by modeling low level circuit parameters using the Register Electrical Characteristic (REC) model. The path delays in a VLSI IC are defined from register-to-register based on this REC model. The REC model forms the core of the retiming algorithms introduced in this dissertation. The REC model, for the first time, permits incorporating low-level circuit issues into the retiming process, thereby yielding significantly more accurate retiming results than the existing retiming algorithms currently described in the literature. Path monotonicity constraints have been developed to permit the application of standard Linear Programming (LP) based techniques to the general retiming process. These monotonicity constraints permit circuits to be retimed with low-level characteristics with significantly less CPU time complexity. 
Although the application of retiming to practical circuits has not as yet become common place, the research described in this dissertation is a significant improvement in making retiming into a practical and useful design methodology. The relationship between clock scheduling and retiming is also discussed in this dissertation where it is shown that the two processes are inextricably intertwined. The results of applying retiming to benchmark circuits have demonstrated performance improvements of up to 50%. When clock scheduling techniques are combined with retiming techniques while including low-level circuit characteristics, retiming can significantly improve the design efficiency and performance of the next generation VLSI circuits.
Evaluation of DC Brush-Less Motors Using Powder Magnetic Cores (2007)

A high-speed motor and a DC brush-less motor for factory automation (FA) were made to investigate the applicability of the powder magnetic core to motor application. The performances of these motors were compared with the similar motors having conventional electromagnetic steel core. Although the permeability and saturated magnetization of powder magnetic core were less than those of electromagnetic steel core, the output performances of each core motor were almost the same. The FA motor with powder magnetic core using three-dimensional magnetic circuit showed higher torque than the electromagnetic steel core motor with the same volume.
Electrostatic sensitivity, strength, and no-fire current of short-delay detonators. Report of Investigations/1985 (1985)

The Bureau of Mines evaluated short-delay coal-mine detonators manufactured by three domestic companies for electrostatic sensitivity, strength, and no-fire current level. Electrostatic sensitivity was studied in pin-to-pin and pin-to-case modes employing 10-kV potential. Strength of detonation was measured in the Bureau's underwater test facility. No-fire current was measured using a constant-current power supply unit. Test procedures and experimental data are included.
A HISTORY OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA HISTORY OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRYS. R. KoirtyohannCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 21, 1024A–1031APublication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00021a716https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00021a716research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views879Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
S0856 A Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Disease Complications in Crohn’s Disease (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Recently, a clinical decision support tool was developed and validated to predict an individual patient’s risk of developing a Crohn’s disease complication within 3 years, based on clinical, serologic and genetic variables. We sought to establish the performance characteristics of this risk-assessment tool in the clinical laboratory setting. METHODS: The risk assessment score is an output of a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model combining disease location (small bowel, left colon, perianal, all provided on test requisition) with serological (ASCA IgA/ IgG isotypes, anti-CBIR1 IgG, perinuclear ANCA) and genetic abnormalities (NOD2 1007fs) determined from blood specimens submitted to reference clinical laboratory accredited by the College of American Pathologists (Prometheus Biosciences, San Diego, CA). Individualized risk assessment scores were calculated as described (Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43: 262–271) and range from 0 to 100%: low (0-19.9%), moderate (20-59.9%) and high risk (60.0-100%). Complications were defined as a bowel stricture, internal penetrating disease or non-perianal surgery (bowel resection or stricturoplasty). Adult patients with CD were consented under institutional IRB approval. Performance characteristics were established using Cox regression and calculation of Harrell’s C (concordance index, a measure of goodness of fit) using two cohorts of 106 (cohort 1: Cedars-Sinai IBD Center) and 74 (cohort 2: Mount Sinai IBD Center) CD. RESULTS: Patient characteristics from both cohorts are presented in Table 1. Cox regression analysis revealed significant association between individualized risk assessment scores and CD complications at 3-years in cohort 1 (HR = 1.023 CI 95%: 1.017–1.034; C-Statistics = 0.73; P < 0.001) and cohort 2 (HR = 1.023 CI95%: 1.005-1.045; C-Statistics = 0.71; P = 0.010). Figure 1 highlights the performance characteristics of risk assessment scores at 3-years by CD complications in both cohorts. The proportion of patients developing complications increased across risk category: low (0%, 0%); medium (28%, 13%); and high (58%, 35%) in Cohort 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: We have established the performance characteristics of clinical decision support tool for CD complications in the reference clinical laboratory setting. The risk assessment score may facilitate a shared understanding between patients and physicians for optimal management of CD.Table 1Figure 1
Exception Handling and Tolerance of Software Faults (1995)

The rst part of this chapter provides rigorous denitions for several basic concepts underlying the design of dependable programs, such as specication, program semantics, exception, program correctness, robustness, failure, fault, and error. The second part investigates what it means to handle exceptions in modular programs structured as hierarchies of data