gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agents and the Semantic Web (2001)

Many challenges of bringing communicating multi-agent systems to the World Wide Web require ontologies. The integration of agent technology and ontologies could significantly affect the use of Web services and the ability to extend programs to perform tasks for users more efficiently and with less human intervention.
Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reaction with N-Aryl Phosphoramidite Ligands: Scope and Mechanistic Studies (2012)

A series of N-aryl phosphoramidite ligands has been synthesized and applied to iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions, offering high regio- and enantioselectivities for a wide variety of substrates. These ligands feature the synthetic convenience and good tolerance of the ortho-substituted cinnamyl carbonates. Mechanistic studies, including DFT calculations and X-ray crystallographic analyses of the (π-allyl)-Ir complexes, reveal that the active iridacycle is formed via C(sp(2))-H bond activation.
Balanced Word Clusters for Interpretable Document Representation (2019)

We present Bag-of-Balanced-Concepts (BOBC), a document representation method for fuzzy and interpretable similarity estimation based on word clusters. For this purpose, a k-medoid variant is proposed, which iteratively resamples small clusters to introduce a tendency towards balanced cluster sizes. The necessary inter-word similarities for clustering are computed using GloVe or word2vec word embeddings. In this way, words that often share contexts tend to appear in the same clusters. Those clusters are used to represent documents as normalized probability distributions. Various distance measures acting as document dissimilarity estimators have been evaluated on five datasets. The impact of clustering parameters, input word vectors, and inverse document frequency weighting has been examined in our experiments. Furthermore, a comparison with document similarity estimation baselines has been performed. We demonstrate that, on average, our approach outperforms cosine similarity of both weighted Bag-of-Words vectors (TF-IDF and BM25) and word embedding centroids (Word Centroid Distance).
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF AN OYSTER-SHRIMP JOINT PRODUCTION SYSTEM (1990)

ABSTRACT In Hawaii, the major limiting factors to intensive aquaculture are inputs of energy and replacement water to maintain water quality, and excessive waste water effluent. Joint production systems can reduce production costs by sharing production inputs. This article describes the development of a cost-effective technology for a shared resources production system for shrimp and oysters in Hawaii. KEYWORDS. Aquacultural engineering. Oyster, Shrimp, Water quality. Effluent management. Systems.
Bootstrapping for Numerical Open IE (2017)

We design and release BONIE, the first open numerical relation extractor, for extracting Open IE tuples where one of the arguments is a number or a quantity-unit phrase. BONIE uses bootstrapping to learn the specific dependency patterns that express numerical relations in a sentence. BONIE's novelty lies in task-specific customizations, such as inferring implicit relations, which are clear due to context such as units (for e.g., 'square kilometers' suggests area, even if the word 'area' is missing in the sentence). BONIE obtains 1.5x yield and 15 point precision gain on numerical facts over a state-of-the-art Open IE system. 1 * Most work was done when the author was a graduate student at IIT Delhi. 1 https://github.com/knowitall/openie 1. Sentence: Hong Kong's labour force is 3.5 million. Open IE 4.2: (Hong Kong's labour force; is; 3.5 million) BONIE: (Hong Kong; has labour force of; 3.5 million) 2. Sentence: Microsoft has 100,000 employees. Open IE 4
Reactive oxygen species rapidly increase endothelial ICAM-1 ability to bind neutrophils without detectable upregulation (1994)

We compared the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and thrombin with those of nonlytic concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by hypoxanthine (HX)-xanthine oxidase (XO) on the adhesion properties of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to resting polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). PMN adherence to HX-XO-treated HUVEC was increased approximately twofold to 2.5-fold relative to untreated HUVEC, both immediately and after 2 hours. It was not additive to that induced by PMA or thrombin stimulation of HUVEC. ROS-induced adherence was not due to platelet-activating factor (PAF) or P-selectin expression, as it was neither antagonized by BN52021 (PAF receptor antagonist) nor inhibited by anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (MoAb), contrary to the increased adhesion of PMA- and thrombin-stimulated HUVEC. PMN preincubated with mannose-6-P or N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), but not mannose or galactose-6-P, showed reduced adherence to ROS-treated HUVEC, suggesting that carbohydrate molecules were expressed on the latter and served as the ligand for the PMN L-selectin. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), constitutively present on the surface of resting HUVEC, was involved in the PMN adherence to ROS-treated HUVEC, since this adherence was inhibited by anti-ICAM-1, anti-CD11a, anti-CD11b, and anti-CD18 MoAbs. A non-CD18, non-ICAM-1-dependent mechanism is also involved in this adherence, since effects of these MoAbs were not additive; moreover, combinations of anti-CD18 and anti-ICAM-1 MoAbs with mannose-6-P and sialic acid completely inhibited PMN adherence. The increased binding of PMN to HX-XO-exposed HUVEC observed here involved IC-AM-1, but was independent of its upregulation, and another non-ICAM-1-dependent mechanism, in which carbohydrates expressed on HUVEC recognize L-selectin on PMN.
Development of a system level bench test for the automotive industry (1990)

The author describes the experimental work carried out during the early stages of a project aimed at producing a system level bench test for automotive manufacturers and their suppliers. Susceptibility data on two vehicle systems obtained from bulk current injection tests is combined with transfer functions from open field trials and compared with results from radiated susceptibility chamber tests. Reasonable correlation is found between the susceptibilities predicted using BCI (bulk current injection) and those measured during radiated susceptibility chamber tests.
Conversion or conservation (1983)

Cemeteries are an important part of the Australian heritage. We are in the early stages of researching our past and each year discover more facts about those who helped develop this country. The monuments of our ancestors form a visible record of Australia's growth. Through names, dates and other information on the headstones it is possible to trace family and local history, or in a wider context to determine cultural development. The symbolism in the decorative elements of nineteenth century tombstones expresses attitudes towards death that are very different from our twentieth century ideas. Some of the larger cemeteries are valuable examples of nineteenth century formal garden design, and they retain today landscaping that is seldom seen outside the few remaining public gardens.
Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals (2015)

Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory disease is mandatory to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies. As inflammatory disease etiologies are multifactorial, the use of appropriate animal models and associated metrics of disease are essential. In this regard, animal models used alone or in combination to study acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the mammalian intestine paired with commonly used inflammation-inducing agents are reviewed. This includes both chemical and biological incitants of inflammation, and both non-mammalian (i.e. nematodes, insects, and fish) and mammalian (i.e. rodents, rabbits, pigs, ruminants, dogs, and non-human primates) models of intestinal inflammation including germ-free, gnotobiotic, as well as surgical, and genetically modified animals. Importantly, chemical and biological incitants induce inflammation via a multitude of mechanisms, and intestinal inflammation and injury can vary greatly according to the incitant and animal model used, allowing studies to ascertain both long-term and short-term effects of inflammation. Thus, researchers and clinicians should be aware of the relative strengths and limitations of the various animal models used to study acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the mammalian intestine, and the scope and relevance of outcomes achievable based on this knowledge. The ability to induce inflammation to mimic common human diseases is an important factor of a successful animal model, however other mechanisms of disease such as the amount of infective agent to induce disease, invasion mechanisms, and the effect various physiologic changes can have on inducing damage are also important features. In many cases, the use of multiple animal models in combination with both chemical and biological incitants is necessary to answer the specific question being addressed regarding intestinal disease. Some incitants can induce acute responses in certain animal models while others can be used to induce chronic responses; this review aims to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in each animal model and to guide the choice of an appropriate acute or chronic incitant to facilitate intestinal disease.
Using a Layered Markov Model for Decentralized Web Ranking (2004)

The link structure of the Web graph is used in algorithms such as Kleinberg's HITS and Google's PageRank to assign authoritative weights to Web pages and thus rank them. In HITS, a solid theoretical model is lacking and the algorithm often leads to non-unique or non-intuitive rankings where zero weights may inappropriately be assigned to parts of a network. In PageRank, a model of random walks is proposed such that the theory about the stationary state of a Markov process can be applied to assure convergence to a unique ranking. Both algorithms require a centralized computation of the ranking if used to rank the complete Web graph. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on a Layered Markov Model to distinguish transitions among Web sites and Web documents. Based on this model, we propose two different approaches for computation of ranking of Web documents, a centralized one and a decentralized one. Both produce a well-defined ranking for a given Web graph. We then formally prove that the two approaches are equivalent. This provides a theoretical foundation for decomposing link-based rank computation and makes the computation for a Web-scale graph feasible in a decentralized fashion, such as required for Web search engines having a peer-to-peer architecture. Furthermore, personalized rankings can be produced by adapting the computation at both the local layer and the global layer. Our empirical results show that the ranking generated by our model is qualitatively comparable to or even better than the ranking produced by PageRank.
Antibodies to Variant Surface Antigens of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>–Infected Erythrocytes Are Associated with Protection from Treatment Failure and the Development of Anemia in Pregnancy (2009)

Higher levels of both IgG antibodies to VSA-PAM and opsonizing antibodies, a functional measure of immunity, correlate with parasite clearance and less anemia in pregnancy malaria.
Hexagonal-like Nb2O5 Nanoplates-Based Photodetectors and Photocatalyst with High Performances (2015)

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are important tools in the fields of optical imaging, environmental monitoring, and air and water sterilization, as well as flame sensing and early rocket plume detection. Herein, hexagonal-like Nb₂O₅ nanoplates are synthesized using a facile solvothermal method. UV photodetectors based on single Nb₂O₅ nanoplates are constructed and the optoelectronic properties have been probed. The photodetectors show remarkable sensitivity with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9617%, and adequate wavelength selectivity with respect to UV-A light. In addition, the photodetectors exhibit robust stability and strong dependence of photocurrent on light intensity. Also, a low-cost drop-casting method is used to fabricate photodetectors based on Nb₂O₅ nanoplate film, which exhibit singular thermal stability. Moreover, the hexagonal-like Nb₂O₅ nanoplates show significantly better photocatalytic performances in decomposing Methylene-blue and Rhdamine B dyes than commercial Nb₂O₅.
Only fibres promoting a stable butyrate producing colonic ecosystem decrease the rate of aberrant crypt foci in rats (2001)

A stable butyrate producing colonic ecosystem related to selected fibres appears to be less conducive to colon carcinogenesis.
Immune Checkpoint Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Update (2016)

The role of immunotherapy in treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been gaining interest over the past few years. This has been driven primarily by promising results from trials evaluating antagonist antibodies that target co-inhibitory immune checkpoints expressed on tumor cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoints exist to dampen or terminate immune activity to guard against autoimmunity and allow for self-tolerance. However, tumors can take advantage of these immune checkpoint pathways to evade destruction. Antibodies that block inhibitory checkpoints, such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies have demonstrated delayed tumor growth and increased survival. Novel therapies are now investigating combining checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation and vaccines to produce synergistic antitumor activity.
Control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed-processing account of the Stroop effect. Technical report (1989)

A growing body of evidence suggests that traditional views of automaticity are in need of revision. For example, automaticity has often been treated as an all-or-none phenomenon, and traditional theories have held that automatic processes are independent of attention. Yet recent empirical data suggest that automatic processes are continuous, and furthermore are subject to attentional control. In this paper we present a model of attention which addresses these issues. Using a parallel distributed processing framework we propose that the attributes of automaticity depend upon the strength of a processing pathway and that strength increases with training. Using the Stroop effect as an example, we show how automatic processes are continuous and emerge gradually with practice. Specifically, we present a computational model of the Stroop task which simulates the time course of processing as well as the effects of learning. This was accomplished by combining the cascade mechanism described by McClelland (1979) with the back propagation learning algorithm (Rumelhart, Hinton, Williams, 1986). The model is able to simulate performance in the standard Stroop task, as well as aspects of performance in variants of this task which manipulate SOA, response set, and degree of practice. In the discussion we contrast our modelmore » with other models, and indicate how it relates to many of the central issues in the literature on attention, automaticity, and interference.« less
Controlled trial of liquid monopolar electrocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcers. (1985)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of liquid monopolar electrocoagulation in the endoscopic control of major haemorrhage from peptic ulcers. During the 24-month period of the trial, emergency endoscopy was performed on 480 patients consecutively admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Ulcers were seen in 168 cases (35%). Seventy-eight of these were included in the trial. Active bleeding was present in 21 cases and stigmata of recent bleeding were observed in 57. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in nine of 11 patients with active bleeding ulcers. However, active bleeding can stop spontaneously (as in four of 10 control patients), which reemphasizes the importance of randomized studies. There was a trend toward hemostatic benefit for the electrocoagulation-treated patients with actively bleeding ulcers. In the group of 31 patients with visible vessels, the electrocoagulation treatment reduced significantly both the rate of rebleeding and the emergency surgery. In the group of 26 patients with other stigmata of recent bleeding (fresh or altered clot, or black spots), only in two cases allocated to placebo treatment occurred rebleeding. These patients are at minimal risk of further bleeding. The results offer support to the contention that liquid monopolar electrocoagulation is a safe and effective method of reducing the incidence of further bleeding and emergency surgery. This new technique has the advantages of low cost, easy maintenance, durability, and portability.
Glial progenitor cells of the nerve fiber layer of the olfactory bulb: Effect of astrocyte growth media (1993)

There are two morphologically distinct types of glial cells (i.e., ensheathing cells and astrocytes) in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) of the adult mammalian olfactory bulb. Ensheathing cells provide ensheathment for olfactory axons, whereas astrocytes occupy the interfascicular spaces of the olfactory NFL. During embryonic development, however, only one type of glial cell is found in this layer of the olfactory bulb, namely, the ensheathing cell. Even though ensheathing cells take up residence within the CNS, they are actually derived from the olfactory placode. Far less is known about the developmental origin of interfascicular astrocytes, which arise either from the glial progenitor cells that give rise to ensheathing cells or from astrocyte precursor cells that migrate into the NFL from deeper layers of the bulb primordium. In the present study, enriched populations of ensheathing cells were grown in vitro in media known to promote the growth and differentiation of astrocytes to determine whether ensheathing cell progenitors could differentiate into astrocytes. These media failed to induce the appearance of astrocytes in the ensheathing cell cultures. It was concluded that the astrocytes of the NFL most likely arise from progenitor cells that migrate into this layer from deeper parts of the developing bulb.
Use of NMR Spectometry for studying the acetolysis of hexamethylenetetramine. I. The reaction of TAT formation from DAPT (1984)

Abstract The reaction of forming TAT from DAPT was followed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. This investigation shows that water or ammonium acetate quickens the reaction and they do take part in the reaction. Reaction intermediates were detected and according to the information obtained by NMR, their structures were postulated to be X or X 1 in the absence or presence of water respectively. magnified image The kinetic study further indicated that acetylation of X 1 to TAT is first order in X 1 and in acetic anhydride. In other words, it is a bimolecular reaction. The rate constant k was found to be 1.46 × 10 −4 mol −1 · s −1 .
Neuroprotection, excitotoxicicity and nmda antagonists (2000)

There are many experimental and clinical NP trials. A minimum of 800 trials are currently under study worldwide. The most important NP subgroups are: N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) agonists, amino-hydroxy-methyl-isoxalone propionic acid (AMPA) antagonists, reducers of intracellular Ca++ inhibitors of nitric oxide modulation pathway free radicals scavengers, sodium channel antagonists, glutamate release inhibitor, growth factors, hypothermia and potassium channel activators.
A Local CC2 and TDA-DFT Double Hybrid Study on BODIPY/aza-BODIPY Dimers as Heavy Atom Free Triplet Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy Applications (2016)

A series of 11 different boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dimers is carefully examined by means of ab initio and Tamm-Dancoff approximated density functional theory methods. Vertical and 0-0 excitation energies along with the tetraradical character of these dimers are determined. Possible application of a series of linked dimers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was investigated through computing their excitation energies, spin-orbit coupling matrix elements, and singlet-triplet energy gaps. Finally through a systematic investigation of a series of 36 different BODIPY and aza-BODIPY dimers, a new class of near-IR heavy atom free photosensitizers for PDT action is introduced.
Determination of teicoplanin concentrations in serum by high-pressure liquid chromatography (1987)

An isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of six components of the teicoplanin complex in biological fluid was developed. By using fluorescence detection after precolumn derivatization with fluorescamine, the assay is specific and highly sensitive, with reproducibility studies yielding coefficients of variation ranging from 1.5 to 8.5% (at 5 to 80 micrograms/ml). Response was linear from 2.5 to 80 micrograms/ml (r = 0.999); the recovery from spiked human serum was 76%. An external quality control was performed to compare this high-pressure liquid chromatographic method (H) with a standard microbiological assay (M); no significant deviation from slope = 1 and intercept = 0 was found by regression analysis (H = 1.03M - 0.45; n = 15).
Exploring the options for distributed and point of load power in telecomm and network applications (2005)

Today's networking and telecommunications power systems are more complex and demanding than ever before. Communications systems designers are faced with a number of voltage level requirements and a variety of products for creating DC to DC voltages. Feature sets such as power sequencing and frequency synchronization are required as complexity increases. Other requirements include sophisticated control methods, synchronous rectification, and better efficiency. As a result, designers have to wade through a sea of products that include these features and requirements. Increasingly, designers are relying more and more on the power management vendors to create total solutions. This paper provides methods employed by power management IC applications engineers for incorporating the available solutions from a topology standpoint and provides insight into design methodology for choosing a reliable solution. The solutions addressed are not particular to one company rather the majority of solutions are available from the top IC vendors. In addition, a new, proprietary technology is introduced. The new combi sync technology solves the problem of incorporating secondary side regulation and synchronous rectification into a single, all inclusive solution that is driven from a single transformer secondary as is a common, unregulated, rectified output. A second new technology to be introduced is a multiphase link controller for phasing multiple controllers thus reducing power supply noise. Subjects that are covered in this paper include secondary side regulation, control methods, interleaving of output phases, and general topology choice methods based on input and output voltages as well as required power. Additional subjects include hot swapping and power over Ethernet (PoE). The work is intended to provide insight on available solutions for seasoned power engineers as well as to explain power solutions to board level designers who don't have a great deal of power electronics experience.