gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas flow effects on precision solder self-alignment (1997)

Self-aligning soldering technology is being developed for low cost, passive, precision optical alignments. To avoid contamination problems, the solder reflow process must use reacting or inert gas instead of chemical flux materials. Since the accuracy of these optical alignments should reach the range of a few micrometers (/spl mu/m), the gas flow may affect the aligning process. Therefore, the effects of the gas flow on the self-aligning process must be understood. The experiments described show that gas flow effects do exist. The top plate, 8.4 mm/spl times/8.4 mm, can be moved by the gas flow by as much as 4.5 /spl mu/m and 7.8 /spl mu/m at gas flow rates of 2.5 L/min and 5.0 L/min, respectively. The numerical analysis in this study models the gas flow effects for a wide range of chip sizes, solder geometry, and gas flow direction. In the numerical analysis, fluid computation and solder force calculation are conducted to study the gas flow effects on chip displacement that is the distance away from the well aligned position along the gas flow direction. The results show that the gas flow effects are related to many factors including chip size, gas flow rate, solder height, and flow direction. For a one-dimensional (1-D) laser array, these effects are negligible because the chip size is very small. However, for a chip larger than 5 mm/spl times/5 mm, the effects should be controlled for micron-level precision alignment.
Transferrin receptor is another receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry (2020)

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been suggested as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry to cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no ACE2 inhibitors have shown definite beneficiaries for COVID-19 patients, applying the presence of another receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Here we show that ACE2 knockout dose not completely block virus entry, while TfR directly interacts with virus Spike protein to mediate virus entry and SARS-CoV-2 can infect mice with over-expressed humanized transferrin receptor (TfR) and without humanized ACE2. TfR-virus co-localization is found both on the membranes and in the cytoplasma, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 transporting by TfR, the iron-transporting receptor shuttling between cell membranes and cytoplasma. Interfering TfR-Spike interaction blocks virus entry to exert significant anti-viral effects. Anti-TfR antibody (EC50 ~16.6 nM) shows promising anti-viral effects in mouse model. Collectively, this report indicates that TfR is another receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and a promising anti-COVID-19 target.
Distortion based selective packet discard in H.264/SVC video transmission (2013)

To optimize the playback quality in H.264/SVC transmission, a distortion based selective packet discarding scheme for H.264/SVC is presented in this paper. The method can precisely discard the packets with lowest lost-impact if bandwidth is overloaded. Lost-impact of each packet is evaluated by our distortion estimating function which takes macroblock level information, temporal error propagation and validity precondition into account. The simulation shows our scheme outperforms all referenced approaches, improving 3dB averagely.
A system architecture for flexible, knowledge-based, multimedia CBT-applications (2002)

One objective of the system architecture described in this paper is to increase the reusability of multimedia resources. For modern CBT applications, designing and creating multimedia resources such as text, graphics, pictures, animations, audio, and video sequences requires a considerable amount of time and effort. The project covers the development of methods and tools for authors. These tools enable authors to reconfigure existing modules for different educational settings, e.g. teaching basics, brush-up, training, and user classes, e.g. subject experts and novices. Besides reusability, increasing flexibility to adapt to each user's preferences, motivation, and experiences is another objective. The architecture is based on a model combining elements of hypermedia with those of semantic networks. Hypermedia concepts use and link small, multimedia teaching modules, whereas semantic networks provide an interpretable description of these modules. For each user, a specific course is dynamically created at run-time, using a run-time controller developed within the project. This controller contains a fuzzy logic component for representing pedagogical knowledge by fuzzy rules and neural networks. The latter one is included to represent experiences and decisions of former users (other learners or even authors) for their successors. In order to adapt learning paths and styles to individual users' needs (not only for user classes), a user model with static and dynamic data is integrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comment on "Stress in Puberty Unmasks Latent Neuropathological Consequences of Prenatal Immune Activation in Mice" (2013)

Giovanoli et al. (Reports, 1 March 2013, p. 1095) applied an immune challenge to pregnant females, and therefore to all offspring, and subsequently applied stress to offspring on a per cage basis. The data, however, were analyzed as a completely randomized design, which is inappropriate given these restrictions on randomization. This will increase both false positives and false negatives.
An Improved DAG-SVM for Multi-class Classification (2009)

Directed Acyclic Graph-Support Vector Machine (DAG-SVM) is a novel algorithm for multi-class classification. For an N-class problem, it constructs N(N-1)/2 classifiers, one for each pair of classes. Based on SVM decision function, an efficient data structure is used to express the decision node in the graph and an improved decision algorithm is used to find the class of each test sample. This new approach remedies some weakness of the DDAG caused by its structure and its sequence of nodes, and makes the decision faster and more accurate. Experimental results on benchmark dataset show the efficiency and improvement of our method.
Preconditioned iterative 3‐D finite‐difference depth migration or modeling on the CRAY T3D massively parallel processors (1993)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993Preconditioned iterative 3‐D finite‐difference depth migration or modeling on the CRAY T3D massively parallel processorsAuthors: Jason C. KaoGuangye LiChao Wu YangJason C. KaoCray Research, Inc., Guangye LiCray Research, Inc., and Chao Wu YangCray Research, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822433 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822433FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByParallel processing of Prestack Kirchhoff Time Migration on a PC ClusterComputers & Geosciences, Vol. 31, No. 7 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1993ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1993 Pages: 1396 publication data© 1993 Copyright © 1993 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jason C. Kao, Guangye Li, and Chao Wu Yang, (1993), "Preconditioned iterative 3‐D finite‐difference depth migration or modeling on the CRAY T3D massively parallel processors," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822433 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Autoregressive recovery of the acoustic impedance (1983)

Abstract The prediction of the low frequencies treats the missing data as a gap which extends from the low-frequency cut-off in the negative frequency band to the corresponding frequency in the positive frequency band. The missing high frequencies are predicted using a modified minimum entropy norm in the frequency domain. Synthetic and field examples.--Modified journal abstract.
BISPECTRUM AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS BASED ON PARAMETRIC MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE ANALYSIS OF ECG DATA (SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, NONLINEAR INTERACTIONS) (1984)

A parametric frequency-wavenumber spectrum estimation technique is developed for uniform planar sensor arrays. Important theoretical results are the development of 3-d Minimum Variance Representations (MVR) and spectral estimation algorithms based on these using the Covariance Least Squares Criterion (CLS). Simulation examples that show the superior resolving abilities of this method compared to the Maximum-Likelihood Method (MLM) of Capon are given. The method also shows good spectral matching for wideband parametric random fields. The second part of the work concerns the bispectrum, an important tool in investigating non-Gaussianness, quadratic nonlinearity and phase measurements. This information is actually recovered from the third moments and existing bispectrum estimation methods are of the Fourier-type and they possess some limitations. This works develops parametric methods for bispectrum estimation based on a non-Gaussian white noise (NGWN) driven autoregressive (AR) model which approximates the third moment bispectrum estimates of higher fidelity for parametric processes than that provided by known methods, and for detecting quadratic phase coupling effects, they show higher resolving abilities. Multidimensional power spectrum estimation in the form of 3-d CLS spectrum estimation and Zero Delay Wavenumber Spectrum (ZDWS) estimation is applied to canine epicardial data. These techniques demonstrate abilities to decompose cardiac electrical activation into dominant planewaves and to obtain their bearings and speed. The ZDWS provides a compact way of representing information and differences between normal and ischemic conditions are clearly seen. ^
Coordinated Control of Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms Integrating into VSC-HVDC System (2013)

VSC-HVDC has become prior transmission way in delivering off-shore wind power. This paper studies offshore wind system based on DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) wind turbine. The control strategy of the system during the normal and fault condition are studied. In the normal condition, the GSVSC are operated by controlling constant frequency, voltage and phases. During the fault condition, the GSVSC converted to limit current model and dc voltage link are controlled by DFIG-RSC converter. These control strategies are validated in good performance in PSCAD/EMTDC platform.
Amplitude modulation of light by diffraction on Ba<sub>2</sub>NaNb<sub>5</sub>O<sub>15</sub>crystal domains (1978)

A study was made of the diffraction of light by a phase diffraction grating produced by an external electric field in crystals of barium sodium niobate having a periodic domain structure. It is demonstrated that such crystals are promising for making electrooptic diffraction light modulators. Hysteresis was discovered in the dependence of the diffracted light intensity on the strength of the applied electric field, and a hypothesis is put forward to explain this phenomenon. The results of measurements of and tan ? of polydomain barium sodium niobate crystals are given for frequencies up to 900 MHz.
CREATING ACTIVE LEARNING IN A LARGE INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS CLASS USING CLICKER TECHNOLOGY (2010)

Over the years, various teaching strategies have been developed to energize teaching and learning specifically for large classroom enrollment. Large classes do not lend themselves to student participation or inquiry. The use of clicker technology provides one way to address a part of this problem. It is a handheld device commonly called “clickers ” or “key-pads ” used by students in a large classroom to transmit their answers by pressing the clicker buttons. In this study, some initial results will be discussed on how clickers are used for teaching and learning of students in a large Introductory Statistics lecture environment. As this technology will be implemented for the first time in our department, the major challenges that the faculty and students will encounter when using this technology are also explored.
Die Reaktionen zwischen Eisen‐Mangan‐Schmelzen und den Schmelzen ihrer Aluminate (1955)

Noch offene Probleme der Manganreaktion bei wenig verdünnten Schlacken. Versuche und Ergebnisse über die Reaktionen von Eisenschmelzen mit Eisen‐Mangan‐Oxyden im Tonerdetiegel, isotherme Verhältnisse, Temperaturabhängigkeit. Die Gleichgewichte bei sehr kleinen Mangangehalten in der Eisenschmelze. Zusammensetzung der Einschlüsse bei kleinen Mangangehalten im Vergleich zu derjenigen der Schlacke. Sättigungsgrenzen der Aluminatschlacken an Tonerde und den Aluminaten. Schmelzpunkte der Aluminate und das Zustandsschaubild. Ausblick auf eine endgültige Festlegung der Gleichgewichte im System Eisen—Mangan—Aluminium—Sauerstoff.
Explanation of the large spin-dependent recombination effect in semiconductors (1978)

Previous theories to explain the variation of photoconductivity upon saturation of electron spin resonance, as observed by Lépine in silicon, predict an effect 10 to 100 times smaller than experiment. In the present model we show that, due to the shorter lifetime of electron-hole pairs in singlet configuration, the steady state spin distribution shows a surplus of triplet pairs. Saturation of resonance restores the random distribution, resulting in a shortening of the recombination time. The relative variation can be as large as 10 %, and is field independent as confirmed by experiment.
Highly Sensitive and Specific Multiplexed MicroRNA Quantification Using Size-Coded Ligation Chain Reaction (2013)

As important regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as novel biomarkers with powerful predictive value in diagnosis and prognosis for several diseases, especially for cancers. There is a great demand for flexible multiplexed miRNA quantification methods that can quantify very low levels of miRNA targets with high specificity. For further analysis of miRNA signatures in biological samples, we describe here a highly sensitive and specific method to detect multiple miRNAs simultaneously in total RNA. First, we rationally design one of the DNA probes modified with two ribonucleotides, which can greatly improve the ligation efficiency of DNA probes templated by miRNAs. With the modified DNA probes, the ligation chain reaction (LCR) can be well applied to miRNA detection and as low as 0.2 fM miRNA can be accurately determined. High specificity to clearly discriminate a single nucleotide difference among miRNA sequences can also be achieved. By simply coding the DNA probes with different length of oligo (dA) for different miRNA targets, multiple miRNAs can be simultaneously detected in one LCR reaction. In our proof of principle work, we detect three miRNAs: let-7a, mir-92a, and mir-143, which can also be simultaneously detected in as small as 2 ng of total RNA sample.
Computers: Self-contained microcomputers ease system implementation: The user gets a microprocessor, memory, built-in software, a power supply, and input-output circuits so he can program his own hardware (1974)

The engineer who designs microprocessor-based equipment sooner or later must bring software and hardware together into a working system. For many, a self-contained microcomputer, like those listed on the next two pages, may be the most effective means to achieve design goals. These development systems provide the user with a microprocessor, memory, built-in software, a power supply, and input-output circuits so he can program hardware that looks very much like the final product he intends to build.
Taking Hostages: Staging Human Rights (2004)

Inside a São Paulo prison, theatre workers and prisoners stage performances proclaiming human rights in order to combat the dehumanizing conditions that feed abuses within the prison system.
Buried contact solar cells on multicrystalline silicon with optimised bulk and surface passivation (2003)

This paper describes the further development of an industrial processing sequence for large area multicrystalline silicon solar cells applying the buried contact technology for solar cell metallisation. Passivation of crystal defects was investigated by remote plasma hydrogenation at different stages of the processing sequence. The reduction of emitter recombination was examined by the optimisation of the emitter diffusion as well as the growth of a thermal oxide. A record high efficiency for a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell of 17.6% (V/sub oc/=632.5 mV, J/sub sc/=35.85 mA/cm/sup 2/, FF=77.7%, cell area 144 cm/sup 2/, independently confirmed at FhG-ISE, Germany) was achieved. For this cell, a loss analysis was done to determine the potential for further improvements in solar cell efficiency.
Treatment of Hemophilia B with a New Clotting-Factor Concentrate (1969)

A new concentrate of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, made from pooled human plasma collected in citrate anticoagulant by a process involving the adsorption of the effluent from Cohn fraction I on DEAE Sephadex and fractional elution of adsorbed material, proved effective for prophylaxis and treatment of acute bleeding episodes. The net return in vivo 15 minutes after injection was approximately 40 per cent of the activity measured in vitro. In 20 kinetic studies various values were: factor IX activity at zero time, 58.7 per cent; half-life of the first component of the disappearance curve, four and six-tenths hours; half-life of the second component, 31.5 hours; equilibration time between first and second components, 22.1 hours; and apparent volume of distribution, 2.7 times plasma volume. The distribution and turnover rates were similar to those found previously with plasma in three of the same patients and to results reported by others with British and French concentrates.
Precessional modes due to spin-transfer in spin-valve nanopillars (2007)

Current-driven magnetic switching and magnetic dynamics in spin-valve nanopillars are considered in the framework of the macrospin model. The corresponding spin transfer torque is calculated in terms of the macroscopic model based on spin diffusion equations. Critical currents for switching from parallel to antiparallel magnetic configurations and to precessional regime are derived. Frequencies of the precessional modes are also calculated as a function of external magnetic field and electric current. Key words: spin-transfer; switching; spintronics 1.
SOPHIA: An Event-Based IoT and Machine Learning Architecture for Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0 (2020)

Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is a prominent strategy comprising all the operational techniques and actions required to ensure machine availability and to prevent a machine-down failure. One of the main challenges of PdM is to design and develop an embedded smart system to monitor and predict the health status of the machine. In this work, we use a data-driven approach based on machine learning applied to woodworking industrial machines for a major woodworking Italian corporation. Predicted failures probabilities are calculated through tree-based classification models (Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting) and calculated as the temporal evolution of event data. This is achieved by applying temporal feature engineering techniques and training an ensemble of classification algorithms to predict Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of woodworking machines. The effectiveness of the proposed method is showed by testing an independent sample of additional woodworking machines without presenting machine down. The Gradient Boosting model achieved accuracy, recall, and precision of 98.9%, 99.6%, and 99.1%. Our predictive maintenance approach deployed on a Big Data framework allows screening simultaneously multiple connected machines by learning from terabytes of log data. The target prediction provides salient information which can be adopted within the maintenance management practice.
Potential Molecular Basis of Different Physiological Properties of the Transient Outward K<sup>+</sup>Current in Rabbit and Human Atrial Myocytes (1999)

The properties of the transient outward current (Ito) differ between rabbit and human atrial myocytes. In particular, rabbit Ito is known to recover more slowly than its human counterpart and to show much more frequency dependence. To assess the possibility that these physiological differences may reflect differing expression of K+ channel subunit gene products, we used a combination of whole-cell voltage-clamp, heterologous expression, pharmacological, antisense, and Western blot techniques. The inactivation of Ito in rabbit atrial myocytes was significantly slowed by hydrogen peroxide, with human Ito being unaffected. Use-dependent unblocking with 4-aminopyridine was not seen for rabbit Ito nor for Kv1.4 currents in Xenopus oocytes, whereas human Ito showed strong use-dependent unblock (as did Kv4 currents). Western blots indicated the presence of Kv4 proteins in both human and rabbit atrial membranes, but Kv1.4 was only detected in the rabbit. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against Kv4.3, Kv4.2, or Kv1.4 subunit sequences significantly inhibited Ito current density in cultured rabbit atrial myocytes, whereas only Kv4.3 antisense significantly inhibited Ito in human cells. Neither mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides nor vehicle altered currents in either species. We conclude that, unlike human atrial myocytes, rabbit atrial myocytes express Kv1.4 channel subunits, which likely contribute to a number of important physiological differences in Ito properties between the species. To our knowledge, these studies constitute the first demonstration of a functional role for Kv1.4 channels in cardiac membranes and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of an important cardiac repolarizing current.
A Novel Distributed Machine Learning Framework for Semi-Supervised Detection of Botnet Attacks (2018)

In today's Internet world where everything is interconnected, the misuse of the shared communication channels and the service providers by the malicious users requires all time monitoring. Amongst the various methods being adopted by network attackers, like Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, spams, phishing attacks, etc. botnet threats are increasing day-by-day. Detecting botnet attacks is a challenging task. Firstly, botnets are difficult to detect because of stealthy nature of Command & Control protocol. Secondly, different types of bots have varied characteristics and combined with large size of the network traffic their detection becomes a very challenging task. Lastly, network traffic is unlabeled and classification techniques like decision trees cannot be used directly. Moreover with the success of distributed frameworks like Hadoop and Apache Spark it is feasible to handle very large data. In this paper we have used distributed framework to apply semi-supervised machine learning techniques of KMeans clustering for labeling a large dataset and decision trees as classifiers. High accuracy was achieved in prediction of the classes. Novelty of our work is labeling of unlabeled network traffic and classification using efficient distributed frameworks.
Development and Regulation of Dendritic Spine Synapses (2006)

Dendritic spines are small protrusions from neuronal dendrites that form the postsynaptic component of most excitatory synapses in the brain. They play critical roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Recent advances in imaging and molecular technologies reveal that spines are complex, dynamic structures that contain a dense array of cytoskeletal, transmembrane, and scaffolding molecules. Several neurological and psychiatric disorders exhibit dendritic spine abnormalities.
SNMP over IPX (1992)

This memo defines a convention for encapsulating Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [1] packets over the transport mechanism provided via the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol [2].